bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of High‐Entropy Materials in Lithium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Guo Rongnan , Yang Yi , Zhao Chongchong , Huo Feng , Xue Jiaojiao , He Jinhai , Sun Bowen , Sun Zixu , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue
Published: December 2023

The low energy density, safety concerns, and high cost associated with conventional lithium‐ion batteries pose challenges in meeting the growing demands of emerging applications. While lithiumsulfur batteries (LSBs) offer high specific capacity, their commercial viability is hindered by the prevalent issue of shuttle effects. Furthermore, the potential of solid‐state lithium batteries is constrained by the suboptimal ionic conductivity and significant interphase problems. High‐entropy materials (HEMs) have emerged as a strategic approach for the development of innovative materials possessing exceptional properties. In recent times, some studies have been undertaken to explore the potential of HEMs in lithium‐based rechargeable batteries, showcasing their favorable characteristics. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of various factors associated with HEM materials, encompassing elements, structure, and morphology, on the reversibility of reactions and cycling stability. This work also presents an analysis of the effects of elements and morphology on the properties of HEMs in LSBs, which can trap soluble lithium polysulfides and enhance reaction kinetics. Additionally, the work provides an overview of high‐entropy electrolytes, including both solid‐state and non‐aqueous liquid electrolytes. Furthermore, the research outlines future research directions aimed at investigating more efficient HEMs and enhancing the overall performance of lithium‐based rechargeable batteries.
Revealing The Role of Electronic Asymmetricity on Supported Ru Nanoclusters for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhu Shenglin , Li Zijian , Hou Liqiang , Kim Min Gyu , Jang Haeseong , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien
Published: December 2023

Modulating the electronic asymmetricity of catalysts is an effective method for optimizating the elementary steps of water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption/desorption process for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, uniform Ru nanoclusters anchored on N doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets (Ru/NC) are synthesized to optimize the asymmetricity electronic properties of supported Ru for efficient HER. It is found that Ru and NC with a large work function difference (ΔΦ) leading to the formation of stronger asymmetrical charge distributions of Ru that electron‐deficient high‐valence Ru (Run+) coupling with low‐valence Ru (Ru0). Experimental and theoretical studies indicate the Run+ sites lowered the energy barrier for water dissociation and provided enough hydrogen proton to promote the hydrogen spillover from the Run+ to Ru0 sites, and Ru0 sites can enhance H desorption process, thus synergistically enhancing the hydrogen evolution activity. Notably, the Ru/NC catalyst exhibits a high alkaline HER activity (21.9 mV@10 mA cm−2, 29.03 mV dec−1). The role of electronic asymmetricity on supported Ru nanoclusters for the alkaline HER are demonstrated, which will provide guidelines for the rational design of high‐efficiency alkaline HER catalysts.
Melanin Zinc Complex as a Biocompatible Agent for Clearing Bacteremia
Authors: Eliato Tahmineh Rahmani , Edwards Seth , Tian Zhen , Andam Cheryl P. , Jeong Kyung Jae , Kim Young Jo
Published: December 2023

Sepsis, whole‐body inflammation caused by the contamination of blood by bacteria and endotoxins, affects millions of patients annually with high mortality rates. A recent promising approach to treat sepsis involves the removal of bacteria and endotoxins using extracorporeal blood‐cleansing devices. However, poor specificity, slow recognition of pathogens, and high costs remain the main limitations. Here, the melanin, a biologically derived pigment, is reported for the rapid binding of bacteria and endotoxins from the contaminated blood . This novel approach utilizes the specific binding between Zn2+‐loaded melanin and bacteria/endotoxins with minimal nonspecific interactions with human blood components. Melanin contains various chemical functional groups that allow reversible chelation of metallic ions such as Zn2+ via redox reactions. Zn2+ enables rapid and specific binding with bacteria/endotoxins due to the strong electrostatic interactions between Zn2+ and phosphate ions. The presence of various zinc‐binding proteins on the bacterial cell membrane further enhances the binding. The well‐known biocompatibility and low cost make melanin an ideal material to interface with human blood. Zn2+‐charged melanin can remove 90% of E. coli and 100% of endotoxin in PBS and human blood. Zn2+‐melanin also demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility shown by protein adsorption, blood coagulation, and hemolysis tests.
Alumina‐Epoxy‐Pore Composites Fabricated by Inkjet Printing for Wireless Communication Technology
Authors: Jeong Seongguk , Park Kwangho , Chun Myoung Pyo , Kim Jong Hee , Yoon Dae Ho , Sung Youngje
Published: December 2023

Reducing transmission loss via composites with pores has emerged as a breakthrough method for information and communications technology applications. The super/extremely high‐frequency signals used in the technologies result in significant transmission loss. Demand for low‐loss materials with low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dissipation factor (Df) has increased in recent years. Here, it is demonstrated that the pore in composites can be reduced Dkand Dfof composites with pores (air). In fabrication of composites, a drop‐on‐demand (DOD) inkjet printing method to fabricate composites with pores (air) for use in wireless communications technologies. The DOD method is a simple but versatile manufacturing process at low cost. Its versatile process makes it possible to control the amount of resin and pore in fabrication of the composites and moreover to distribute all their components isotopically and homogeneously. It is possible to fabricate the composites with a lower Dkand Dfvalue by increasing pore amount in the composites. This strategy enabled us to inexpensively manufacture dielectric substrates with low Dkand Dfvalues, greatly contributing to the communications technology industry.
Interface Design for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wan Hongli , Zhang Bao , Liu Sufu , Wang Zeyi , Xu Jijian , Wang Chunsheng
Published: December 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries suffer from high interface resistance and lithium dendrite growth leading to low Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency (CE) of <90% and low critical current density at high capacity. Here, simultaneously addresses both challenges are simultaneously addressed and the Li plating/stripping CE is significantly increased to 99.6% at 0.2 mA cm−2/0.2 mAh cm−2, and critical current density (CCD) of > 3.0 mA cm−2/3.0 mAh cm−2 by inserting a mixed ionic‐electronic conductive (MIEC) and lithiophobic LiF‐C‐Li3N‐Bi nanocomposite interlayer between Li6PS5Cl electrolyte and Li anode. The highly lithiophobic LiF‐C‐Li3N‐Bi interlayer with high ionic conductivity (10−5 S cm−1) and low electronic conductivity (3.4×10−7 S cm−1) enables Li to plate on the current collector (CC) surface rather than on Li6PS5Cl surface avoiding Li6PS5Cl electrolyte reduction. During initial Li plating on CC, Li penetrates into porous LiF‐C‐Li3N‐Bi interlayer and lithiates Bi nanoparticles into Li3Bi. The lithiophilic Li3Bi and Li3N nanoparticles in LiF‐C‐Li3N‐Li3Bi sub‐interlayer will move to CC along with plated Li, forming LiF‐C/Li3N‐Li3Bi lithiophobic/lithiophilic sublayer during the following Li stripping. This interlayer enables Co0.1Fe0.9S2/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell with an areal capacity of 1.4 mAh cm−2 to achieve a cycle life of >850 cycles at 150 mA g−1. The lithiophobic/lithiophilic interlayer enables solid‐state metal batteries to simultaneously achieve high energy and long cycle life.
Topological Vortex Domain Engineering for High Dielectric Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Qian Jin , Yu Ziyi , Ge Guanglong , Bai Hairui , Lin Jinfeng , Wei Yongqi , Shen Bo , Fu Zhengqian , Zhai Jiwei , Cai Ziming , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: December 2023

Enhancing the energy storage performance of dielectric material through the adoption of a novel domain strategy is highly desirable. In this study, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based thin films are fabricated with topological vortex domains (VDs) by controlling the grain size and investigated the correlation between these VDs and the macroscopic polarization response, which is crucial for the energy storage performance. The emergence of VDs, in contrast to conventional ferroelectric domains, promotes polarization reversal in dielectric materials. Additionally, in contrast to the severely reduced saturation polarization typically noted in conventional relaxor ferroelectrics (RFE), the presence of VDs in RFE leads to only a slight reduction in saturation polarization. These two advantages contribute to the superior energy storage performance of the films with VDs. This approach offers a novel and promising direction for developing dielectrics with high‐energy storage capabilities.
Anisotropic Polybenzimidazole Ion‐Solvating Membranes Composed of Aligned Nano‐Sheets for Efficient Acid‐Alkaline Amphoteric Water Electrolysis
Authors: Huang Zequan , Zhu Danyi , Benicewicz Brian C. , Zhu Tianyu , Liang Jiazhen , Zhu Taizhong , Zhang Liang , Liu Mengjiao , Gao Congjie , Huang Fei , Xue Lixin
Published: December 2023

Acid‐alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis (AAA‐WE) can produce green hydrogen under reduced voltage and energy consumption. However, its conflicting demands on ion exchange membranes to have both high ionic conductivity and barrier properties between H+ and OH− have thwarted its own development. Here, the preparation of anisotropic polybenzimidazole (PBI) ion‐solvating membrane (ISM) made of hundreds of 28 nm thick nano‐sheets (PBI‐aNS) from gel state PBI (PBI‐Gel) membranes via 2D‐polarized/1D shrinking process, in which loosely packed multi‐layer PBI nano‐fibrous assemblies are shrunken into hundreds of layers of tight 28 nm thick nano‐sheets, is reported. The resulting PBI‐aNS membranes possess excellent dual‐ion conductivity (H+ and OH−), good acid/alkali barrier capability, and robust mechanical properties. Acid‐alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis (AAA‐WE) using PBI‐aNS separators achieves a high current density of 1 A cm−2 at 1.4 V (with iR‐correction) under a voltage increasing rate of 6.1 mV h−1. This newly designed ISM will lead to new possibilities for the development of next‐generation water electrolysis devices with improved green hydrogen production efficiencies.
In situDRIFTS examining the impact of indium doping on activity of CuIn/ZrO2 catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Wu Bohong , Shao Yan , Guo Hongwei , Chen Huanhao
Published: December 2023

We describe the synthesis of CuIn/ZrO2 catalysts via a facile mechanochemical synthesis method. In doping was demonstrated to promote the formation of strong Cu–In2O3 interactions and increase the number of Cu+ sites. The CuIn0.05/ZrO2 catalyst shows relatively high selectivity and space–time yield of methanol (~50% and ~1.25 , respectively) at 300°C and 5 MPa, outperforming those of the Cu/ZrO2 catalyst (~25% and ~1.12 , respectively). Time‐resolved in situ DRIFTS results acquired under various reaction conditions (typically H2/D2 isotope exchange) demonstrate that the surface Cu+–bound formate was the most reactive intermediate and the subsequent hydrogenation process should be the rate‐limiting step, which was positively promoted by the inclusion of In. The strong Cu–In2O3 interaction promotes a decrease in Cu0 sites, leading to a weak interaction of the Cu0‐bound CO intermediates, thus facilitating further hydrogenation of these species rather than releasing CO product.
Study on the gelation and sustained release effect of the thermosensitive material TPGS1000
Authors: He Suna , Yang Ziqin , Qian Xingyue , He Wanting , Li Chen
Published: December 2023

Polyethylene glycol 1000 vitamin E succinate (TPSG1000) was commonly used as absorption promoter, solubilizer, and emulsifier in drug delivery systems. In addition, TPGS1000 possessed thermosensitivity and gelling property that were not extensively studied. Hence, TPGS1000 was synthesized by Collnot method, characterized, evaluated for gelling property, and applied as the thermosensitive carrier in the study. Thin‐layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods proved that the TPGS1000 was successfully synthesized. Under the condition of 4.5% sodium sulfate, 12% TPGS1000 could rapidly form stable hydrogels at 37°C. In addition, the gelling time tends to shorten with temperature increasing. It is worth noting that TPGS1000 as the carrier for loading doxorubicin displayed significant sustained release behavior. In conclusion, the study laid foundation for the application and further research of TPGS1000 in thermosensitive gel drug delivery system and provides a novel material for thermosensitive gel preparations.
Strengthening the mechanical properties of polysulfide adhesives by introducing polyurethane
Authors: Han Xu , Li Wenke , Ji Yumei , Wu Lianfeng , Yang Yike , Liu Feng
Published: December 2023

Polysulfide adhesives are often subjected to breakage or even fracture caused by highly loaded vibrations and large deformations from the wing, limiting their practical use in aircraft fuel tanks. Inserting polyurethanes into liquid polysulfide systems is a viable approach to strengthening their mechanical properties and avoiding nonuniform dispersion of the curing agent. In this contribution, a series of sulfur‐containing curing agents were prepared by liquid polysulfide and trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercapto propionate) (TMPMP) to minimize the effect of the polysulfide‐urea (‐NHCOS‐) groups on water resistance. Subsequently, the two‐component polysulfide adhesives were successfully synthesized via the prepolymerization method, and their chemical structure, mechanical properties, and solvent resistance were systematically evaluated. As expected, the large introduction of sulfur linkages and ‐NHCOS‐ groups provided excellent oil resistance and strong mechanical properties for polysulfide adhesives. Notably, Samples 2‐4 exhibited the highest tensile strength of 1.11 ± 0.02 MPa, the greatest shear strength of 1.87 ± 0.04 MPa, and the best hardness of 81 ± 2 Shore A, with 122.0%, 523.3%, and 170.0% improvement over the control, respectively. Furthermore, the oil absorption rate of all samples was less than 3.0%, and their tensile strength remained almost unchanged after 30 days of immersion than before. We believe our paradigm can provide a valuable guideline for designing high‐performance polysulfide adhesives.
Fabrication of polyamide 12T micro‐cellular foams with ultra‐high compressive strength via in situ polytetrafluoroethylene fibrillation using supercritical carbon dioxide foaming
Authors: Sun Yibo , Li Zhuolun , Lu Haofan , Chen Shihong , Wang Xiangdong , Wang Yaqiao
Published: December 2023

The development of micro‐cellular foams with ultra‐high compressive strength and high volume expansion ratio (VER) is a challenging task. Herein, polyamide 12T (PA12T) micro‐cellular foams with ultra‐high compressive strength were fabricated via in situ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrillation using supercritical CO2 foaming technology and a chain extender. The resulting branched structure showed considerably improved viscoelasticity and foaming performance, thus improving the cell morphology of the PA12T foam and exhibiting high VER. The PTFE fibrillation network induced melt strength enhancement, crystallization nucleation, and cell nucleation. The branched PA12T foam with 1.5 wt% PTFE exhibited the smallest cell diameter (15 μm) and highest cell density (3 × 109 cells/cm3). The compressive strength of the foam (0.50 MPa under 5% strain) was 70% higher than that of pure PA12T. This research offers an effective method for producing high‐VER PA12T foams with adjustable micro‐cellular structures and excellent mechanical properties.
Creating wetland islands to enhance shoreline habitat for fish recruitment in a modified shallow lake
Authors: de Leeuw Joep J. , Volwater Joey J. J. , van Keeken Olvin A. , van Emmerik Willie A. M. , van Leeuwen Casper H. A.
Published: December 2023

Soft shoreline engineering is increasingly used to combine shoreline fortification with the enhancement of biodiversity and biological production of land–water transitions. From 2016 to 2021, the large‐scale ecosystem restoration project Marker Wadden has created new multiple wetland islands from local sediments in the highly modified Lake Markermeer, the Netherlands. Instead of replacing steep rip‐rap shorelines with soft shorelines, new islands with soft land–water transitions were engineered to offset the marked declines in bird and fish populations in this Natura 2000 area, protected under the European Union Birds and Habitats Directives.

This new approach was evaluated by assessing the added value of the newly created wetland islands with soft shorelines to the existing steep rip‐rap fortified shores of the lake, for the enhancement of fish spawning and nursery habitat.

Young‐of‐the‐year fish densities at the Marker Wadden islands were highest in sheltered bays and wetlands with nutrient‐rich silt sediments, and lowest at wind‐exposed sandy beaches. Both newly engineered soft shorelines and existing rip‐rap shorelines contributed to habitat diversity, although fish densities declined considerably with increasing exposure to wind‐induced wave power.

Building soft shorelines as a new archipelago instead of replacing existing shoreline habitats increased the total length of the land–water transitions in the lake. The 800 ha Marker Wadden archipelago covers only 1% of the 70,000 ha lake surface area, but provides a 16% increase in shoreline habitat and a fivefold increase in soft shoreline for the lake.

We conclude that designing wetland islands as a means of lake restoration can contribute effectively to sheltered habitat enhancement for fish spawning and nurseries, and thereby to the potential conservation of fish communities. The approach of building islands achieves this without compromising the complementary functionality of the original, more mature, shorelines of the lake.
Advancements in artificial intelligence technology for improving animal welfare: Current applications and research progress
Authors: Zhang Li , Guo Wenqiang , Lv Chenrui , Guo Meng , Yang Mei , Fu Qiuyue , Liu Xiaomeng
Published: December 2023

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various sectors has led to significant advancements, with the animal industry being no exception. This review aims to investigate the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of AI technology in improving animal welfare. First, it examines the role of AI in understanding animal behaviors and emotions, providing deeper insights into their well‐being and sources of stress. Next, the paper explores how AI can revolutionize animal nutrition through innovative algorithms and data analytics. The health aspect emphasizes the ability of AI to identify and manage illnesses through intelligent systems. This review also highlights the application of AI in improving animal living conditions, with a focus on environmental management and automated cleaning and disinfection systems. In conclusion, the review emphasizes AI‐driven techniques for early prediction, close monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of animal diseases, ensuring healthier and more sustainable livestock management. By leveraging its advantages, addressing limitations, and exploring future directions, AI has the potential to significantly enhance animal welfare, sustainable agriculture, and veterinary practices.
Information science and the inevitable: A literature review at the intersection of death and information management: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Krtalić Maja , Davoudi Nilou , Hellmich Helene , Ochsner Catharina , Bressel Paulina
Published: December 2023

Death is an inevitable part of life and highly relevant to information management: its approach often requires preparation, and its occurrence often demands a response. Many works in information science have acknowledged so much, and yet death is rarely a focused topic, appearing instead sporadically and disconnected across research. As a result there is no introduction to, overview of, or synthesis across studies on death and information. We therefore conducted an extensive literature search and reviewed nearly 300 scholarly publications at the intersection of death and information (and data) management. Covering seven topics in total, we review two groups of work directly engaging information management in relation to death (digital possessions, inheritance, and legacy; information behavior, needs, and practices around death), three engaging death and technology that require information and its management (death and the Internet, thanatosensitive design and technology‐augmented death practices, and the digital afterlife and digital immortality), and two reflecting the ethical and legal dimensions unique to death and information. We then integrate the collective findings to summarize the landscape of death‐related information research, outline remaining challenges for individuals, families, institutions, and society, and identify promising directions for future information science research.
Hippocampal metabolic profile during epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy
Authors: Meier Letícia , Bruginski Estevan , Marafiga Joseane Righes , Caus Letícia Barbieri , Pasquetti Mayara Vendramin , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa , Campos Francinete Ramos
Published: December 2023

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of refractory epilepsy in adulthood. The metabolic profile of epileptogenesis is still poorly investigated. Elucidation of such a metabolic profile using animal models of epilepsy could help identify new metabolites and pathways involved in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis process. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profile during the epileptogenesis periods. Using a pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we analyzed the global metabolic profile of hippocampal extracts by untargeted metabolomics based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry, at three time points (3 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks) after status epilepticus (SE) induction. We demonstrated that epileptogenesis periods presented different hippocampal metabolic profiles, including alterations of metabolic pathways of amino acids and lipid metabolism. Six putative metabolites (tryptophan, N‐acetylornithine, N‐acetyl‐L‐aspartate, glutamine, adenosine, and cholesterol) showed significant different levels during epileptogenesis compared to their respective controls. These putative metabolites could be associated with the imbalance of neurotransmitters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell loss observed during both epileptogenesis and epilepsy. With these findings, we provided an overview of hippocampal metabolic profiles during different stages of epileptogenesis that could help investigate pathways and respective metabolites as predictive tools in epilepsy.
‘It's All About Trying to Be Relatable’: Counsellor relatability and personal experiences of social media when supporting young people
Authors: White Ella , Chen‐Wilson Chao‐Hwa (Josephine)
Published: December 2023

Background

Although there is a small area of research exploring how mental health practitioners can support young people with the impacts of social media (SM) on their mental health, no study has researched into practitioners’ own relationship with SM. This study aimed to explore counsellor's own relationship with SM, and how such insights contributed into their support to their clients who may be impacted by their engagement with SM.

Methods

Counsellors who worked with young people aged 16–25 were recruited and interviewed. A reflexive thematic analysis of the interviews identified three main themes.

Findings

The first theme “It’s Not Based on Reality” related to counsellors comparing themselves to the unrealistic highlight reel depicted on SM in the same way as the young people they supported. The second theme “All Of a Sudden I’m on Facebook” explored the counsellor’s obsessive use of SM yet they believed they were better able than their young clients to recognise when SM impacted their mood and to instigate boundaries by coming offline. The third theme “It’s All About Trying to Be Relatable” highlighted counsellors’ evaluation of efficacy of their own SM use to their therapeutic practice.

Conclusion

Despite the noted parallels in SM use between counsellors and the young people they supported, counsellors believed their experiences of SM differed from their clients. This study provides implications for counsellor training when working with young people and the importance of counsellors’ self‐care when using SM.
Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation in patients with cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Kuno Toshiki , Ueyama Hiroki A. , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Kolte Dhaval , Misumida Naoki , Takagi Hisato , Aikawa Tadao , Latib Azeem
Published: December 2023

Background

There is currently little evidence for transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of CS patients who underwent TEER for MR.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE were searched in July 2023. Case series and observational studies reporting clinical characteristics and outcomes in CS patients with MR who underwent TEER were included. We performed a one‐group meta‐analysis using a random effects model.

Results

A total of 4060 patients from 7 case series and 5 observational studies were included. The mean age was 68.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.1–72.2) years, and 41.4% of patients (95% CI: 39.1%–43.7%) were female. Pre‐TEER, severe MR was present in 85.3% (95% CI: 76.1%–91.3%) of patients. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 36.7% (95% CI: 29.2%–44.2%), and 54.6% (95% CI: 36.9%–71.2%) of patients received mechanical circulatory support. The severity of MR post‐TEER was less than 2+ in 88% (95% CI: 87%–89%) of patients. In‐hospital mortality was 11% (95% CI: 10%–13%), whereas 30‐day and 1‐year mortality rates were 15% (95% CI: 13%–16%), and 36% (95% CI: 21%–54%), respectively.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of TEER in CS patients with MR. TEER for MR in patients with CS has been successful in reducing MR in most of the patients, but with a high mortality rate. Randomized controlled trials of TEER for MR and CS are needed.
Oil spill bioremediation strategies in Brazilian tropical seawater—The role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation
Authors: de Souza Eliane Soares , Becker Beatriz Rohden , Vieira‐da‐Motta Olney , Almeida João Carlos de Aquino
Published: December 2023

For this research, a 28‐day bioremediation experiment was conducted, simulating an oil spill on the Brazilian coast using mesocosm units and two different bioremediation strategies, adding rate‐limiting nutrients in the form of NPK fertilizer during the first four days (Bior1) and weekly (Bior2). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis results showed that oil natural degradation (Control) removed 33.8 wt.% of the alkanes on Day 7, while bioremediation processes plus evaporation in Bior1 and Bior2 contributed to minimizing alkanes in 83.4 and 80.8 wt.%, respectively. Bior1 strategy also accelerated the biodegradation of recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as phenanthrene, methyl phenanthrenes, and methyl dibenzothiophenes up to the second week when compared to Bior2. Low‐cost NPK fertilizer addition demonstrated efficiency in the bioremediation strategy, especially in the first days of the simulated oil spill (Bior1), leading to savings in time and financial investment in recovering an oil contaminated area. Results also showed the efficiency of the oil‐degrading bacteria Pseudomonas mesophilica, identified for the first time in Brazilian seawater. In addition, results confirmed the influence of tropical temperatures over oil natural natural degradation and bioremediation as an oil spill cleanup solution for recovering contaminated areas in tropical countries, especially in sensitive marine environments.
A scoping review of cerebral reperfusion therapies in childhood and adolescence with arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Garcia Ana Lúcia de Paula , Zuliani Flávia Guirro , Mendes‐Chillof Cristiane Lara , Bazan Silméia Garcia Zanati , de Freitas Carlos Clayton Macedo , Modolo Gabriel Pinheiro , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Luvizutto Gustavo José , Bazan Rodrigo
Published: December 2023

Background

Management of pediatric stroke is challenging because of the paucity of data supporting the efficacy of interventions. This scoping review details the treatments available for the acute phase of stroke in pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke.

Summary of Review

Overall, 68 relevant articles were published between 2001 and 2023. The primary study included 48 case reports (n = 48). Eleven articles reported the use of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase, eight used intra‐arterial (IA) alteplase, and 52 reported mechanical thrombectomy (MT). IVT was administered to 195 patients with a median of 5.5 h of stroke onset, and only four (2.0%) had intracranial hemorrhage after alteplase treatment. Of the 11 articles, nine used 0.9 mg/kg IVT administered as a 10% bolus, with the remaining 90% administered over one hour, and one study used 0.54 mg/kg. IA was performed in 17 patients with a median of 5.05 h of stroke onset, and three individuals (17.6%) had intracranial hemorrhage. Of the eight reports that document IA, two used 0.9 mg/kg; one each used 0.16 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, 100 mg/day, and 10 mg/day; and one article documented the use of urokinase 750 000 IU. MT was used in 434 and 215 individuals in a previous systematic review, with a median of 11.82 h of stroke onset, and only 2.9% had intracranial hemorrhage after the treatment. Stent retrievers were used in 33 reports (63.5%) and aspiration retrievers were mentioned in 15 articles (28.8%). Overall, the outcomes ranged from complete to moderate recovery for all modalities.

Conclusions

IVT and MT are safer than IA; however, despite the lack of clinical trials, all modalities seem effective in improving clinical recovery. To guide clinical practice and determine better intervention modalities, clinicians should note the key messages from this review, such as using magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase and identifying key risk factors and presenting symptoms.
Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications
Authors: Nie Luwei , He Jinxin , Wang Junmin , Wang Ruike , Huang Leo , Jia Lin , Kim Yun Tai , Bhawal Ujjal K. , Fan Xiaochong , Zille Marietta , Jiang Chao , Chen Xuemei , Wang Jian
Published: December 2023

Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5291‐5323, 2024.
Integrated Functions of Cardiac Energetics, Mechanics, and Purine Nucleotide Metabolism
Authors: Lopez‐Schenk Rachel , Collins Nicole L. , Schenk Noah A. , Beard Daniel A.
Published: December 2023

Purine nucleotides play central roles in energy metabolism in the heart. Most fundamentally, the free energy of hydrolysis of the adenine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides the thermodynamic driving force for numerous cellular processes including the actin‐myosin crossbridge cycle. Perturbations to ATP supply and/or demand in the myocardium lead to changes in the homeostatic balance between purine nucleotide synthesis, degradation, and salvage, potentially affecting myocardial energetics and, consequently, myocardial mechanics. Indeed, both acute myocardial ischemia and decompensatory remodeling of the myocardium in heart failure are associated with depletion of myocardial adenine nucleotides and with impaired myocardial mechanical function. Yet there remain gaps in the understanding of mechanistic links between adenine nucleotide degradation and contractile dysfunction in heart disease. The scope of this article is to: (i) review current knowledge of the pathways of purine nucleotide depletion and salvage in acute ischemia and in chronic heart disease; (ii) review hypothesized mechanisms linking myocardial mechanics and energetics with myocardial adenine nucleotide regulation; and (iii) highlight potential targets for treating myocardial metabolic and mechanical dysfunction associated with these pathways. It is hypothesized that an imbalance in the degradation, salvage, and synthesis of adenine nucleotides leads to a net loss of adenine nucleotides in both acute ischemia and under chronic high‐demand conditions associated with the development of heart failure. This reduction in adenine nucleotide levels results in reduced myocardial ATP and increased myocardial inorganic phosphate. Both of these changes have the potential to directly impact tension development and mechanical work at the cellular level. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5345‐5369, 2024.
Postcolonial Play in the Orient's Sandbox
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Rizvi Zahra
Published: December 2023

In this introduction to the special double issue, the guest editors outline their vision behind the work by giving a short overview of the orientalist bias in game studies, the postcolonialist turn in the field, and the need for South Asia‐centric scholarship to contribute to and invite South‐South discourse in games scholarship. This short introduction also introduces the various contributions to this double issue which range from academic articles to book reviews to comments.
Transition metal carbide‐based nanostructures for electrochemical hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Sher Shah Md. Selim Arif , Jang Gyu Yong , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: December 2023

Extensive consumption of limited fossil fuel resources generates serious environmental problems, such as release of large amounts of the greenhouse gas CO2. It is, therefore, urgently necessary to look for alternative energy resources to meet increasing energy demands. Hydrogen is a clean, environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy source. Electrochemical water splitting is one of the cleanest and greenest technologies available for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, large‐scale water electrolysis is hindered by the high costs of catalysts, since noble metal‐based materials have been demonstrated to be the best catalysts (e.g., Pt for the cathode and Ru/Ir‐oxide for the anode catalyst). Recently, transition metal carbides (TMCs) have drawn significant attention for use in electrochemical water splitting, especially for hydrogen evolution reactions, owing to their high intrinsic catalytic activities, extraordinary electrical conductivities, and abundant source materials. TMCs exhibit Pt‐like electronic structures and are considered suitable alternatives for Pt. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the uses of representative TMCs for the electrochemical hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and highlights advantages in the electrocatalytic effects provided by nanostructuring. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives for use of these electrocatalysts are discussed.
Catalytic C(sp2)−H Trifluoroethylation of Indoles via Iron‐Carbene Insertion
Authors: Ning Yongyue , Wei Dandan , Zhang Xiaolong , Karmakar Swastik , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2023

Pharmacological properties of a bioactive molecule can be improved significantly by placing a fluoroalkyl group on its scaffold. However, direct stitching of fluoroalkyl groups to aromatic compounds via C−H bond activation or insertion reaction is a difficult task, thus challenging and of high demand. Herein, an alternative to the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, we describe an uncharted strategy for selective and efficient trifluoroethylation of indole that relies on iron(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation of aromatic compounds and proceeds via Fe(III)‐carbene insertion into C(sp2)−H bond of indole using trifluoroacetaldehyde N‐triftosylhydrazone as a carbene precursor and FeTPPCl as catalyst.
MnO@C composites derived from MOFs coated with reduced graphene oxide for simultaneous detection of catechol and hydroquinone
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Xu Sumin , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Qi , Qu Jianying
Published: December 2023

In this work, manganese‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MnBDC) were synthesized by solvothermal method and physically mixed with pre‐prepared graphene oxide (GO) to obtain GO/MnBDC, which were calcined to give MnO@C composite coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) marked as rGO/MnO@C. The materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. Based on this composite, a novel sensor was constructed on a glassy carbon substrate, which exhibited good electrocatalytic activities to the redox reactions of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), enabling simultaneous detection of both analytes. Under optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.50–90.00 μM for both CC and HQ detection, with respective detection limits of 0.05 μM and 0.03 μM. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy for detecting CC and HQ simultaneous in real samples.
Natural polymers as sustainable precursors for scalable production of N/SOx doped carbon material enabling high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Abbas Syed Comail , Hua Zifeng , Deng Qidu , Ahommed Md Sohel , Guo Jiajia , Huang Hai , Ma Xiaojuan , Cao Shilin , Ni Yonghao
Published: December 2023

Natural polymers‐based carbon electrodes have gained significant research attention for next‐generation portable supercapacitors. Herein, present an environmentally benign and novel approach for the synthesis of N/S‐Ox carbon material derived from natural polymers on gram scale. By capitalizing the synergistic effect of sulfonated lignin and amino‐containing chitosan, this methodology produces a straightforward, low‐budget, and scalable process. The incorporation of sulfonate motifs from lignin contributes to the formation of C‐SOx moieties and multi‐porous architecture with a high surface area. Simultaneously, amino groups in chitosan induce nitrogen doping, enhancing conductivity, and wettability. The resulting N/SOx carbon material exhibits a micro/meso‐porous architecture, facilitating electrolyte diffusion, and demonstrating improved rate capability and pseudocapacitance via Faradaic redox reactions. The N/SOx carbon material showcases notable capacitance (392 F g−1 at 1 Ag−1) as compared with the reported carbon materials form biomass and outstanding cyclic stability (94.8% retention after 5000 cycles). By optimizing various chitosan mass ratios, the most effective N/SOx carbon material SNACM = S/N‐doped activated carbon material (SNACM‐2) was produced using a lignin: chitosan sample ratio of 1:2 for symmetric supercapacitors. Furthermore, the quasi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors based on SNACM‐2 exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 142 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, coupled with outstanding flexibility. The SNACM‐2 demonstrates a high‐energy density of 9.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.5 kW kg−1. This study presents a successful strategy for transforming low‐valued, eco‐friendly natural polymers into renewable, high‐performance carbon materials for supercapacitors.

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Thermophysical evolution during different decompression of N2‐containing S‐CO2 pipelines
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Lei , Hu Yanwei , Yan Xingqing , Yu Shuai , Yu Jianliang , Chen Shaoyun
Published: December 2023

Pipelines transporting impure supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain exhibit varying decompression characteristics due to engineered emissions or accidental leakage, resulting in diverse temperature drops and heat transfer mechanisms in the media and pipe walls. Therefore, studying heat transfer characteristics during slow and instantaneous decompression is crucial to investigating pipeline operational risks. In this work, supercritical CO2 pipeline valve release and rupture disc release experiments were performed with a 1.5% molar ratio of N2 content in an experimental pipeline (16 m long, 100 mm inner diameter). The evolution of the medium and pipe wall's physical properties was measured and discussed. Two methods of depressurization were employed to analyze the phase changes and heat transfer processes in the pipe. The instantaneous decompression process has a shorter decompression time and undergoes fluctuating and stable decompression stages. The slow decompression process has a slower temperature drop rate, but the wall during the process can reach a lower minimum temperature. Both release methods cause a larger temperature drop and Nusselt number at the bottom of the pipe wall due to evaporation heat transfer compared to the middle and top. The slow decompression process demonstrates a higher peak Nusselt number at the bottom, resulting in superior heat transfer efficiency compared to the instantaneous decompression process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water resource management using remote sensing and coyote optimization algorithms
Authors: Hai Qing , Zhang Lijun , Li Gendong , Khayatnezhad Majid , Abdolhosseinzadeh Sama
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a new methodology for investigating water management options in agricultural irrigation that accounts for the heterogeneity of irrigation system characteristics and limitations in existing water resources. The process uses a random data matching method to obtain operational management methods and system features using remote sensing data and water resource management optimization to evaluate different management methods. Regional modelling was performed, using the SWAP model under deterministic–stochastic conditions. Inputs such as sowing dates, irrigation procedures, soil characteristics, groundwater depth and water quality were treated as distributed data. To estimate these data, residual minimization was used between the field‐scale evapotranspiration distributions modelled in the SWAP model and two Landsat 8 ETM+ images, as well as the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). The investigation of water management methods using distributed data as input was performed, and optimization of water management and data assimilation was achieved by applying the improved coyote algorithm. The case study was conducted in Mashhad during the dry season of 2018–2019. The results suggest that simultaneous consideration of crop and water management methods, rather than an independent evaluation, can lead to further improvement in regional wheat yield under water shortage conditions.
Oxymatrine impedes the progression of endotoxin‐induced glaucoma via redox system modulations
Authors: Das Ashmita , Kashyap Onkar , Pandey Devi P. , Bodakhe Surendra H.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to provide irrefutable evidence of the preventive effects of oxymatine (OMT) on a model of endotoxin induced glaucoma in Wistar rats which can be attributed to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and TNF‐α antagonistic properties. To assess the impact of OMT on uveitic glaucoma, the normal group received 100 μL distilled water topically for 15 days, while the glaucoma control group was induced with uveitic glaucoma by applying 10 μL of 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) topically for 3 consecutive days. The treatment groups were then given OMT solution at a volume of 50 μL with varying doses of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% once a day via topical administration for 15 days. In addition, as a standard, the animals were also given 100 μL of 1% dorzolamide topically for 15 days. All ophthalmic dosing was carried out by pulling the lower eye‐lid of the experimental animals and administration of the respective solutions. The study uses cutting‐edge real‐time imaging of the retinal vasculature in anesthetized animals, postsacrifice lenticular picturization and biochemical evidence to support the changes in the retinal layers. LPS induced animals demonstrated increased IOP, disrupted antioxidant systems, massive lipid damage, enhanced TNF‐α activity and changes in intracellular ATPase and ionic activities. The damaged retinal vasculature and lenticular opacification further supported the biochemical evidence. However, using OMT at a 1% dosage effectively enhanced the antioxidant levels, regulated intracellular ion concentration and ATPases, decreased TNF‐α activity, and counteracted mechanobiological changes in the visual front and retina. Moreover, OMT can successfully normalize intraocular pressure, making it a highly beneficial treatment option for glaucoma.
Determinants and outcome correlates of engagement with a mobile mental health intervention for depression and anxiety in middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Alfaro Ana J. , Wielgosz Joseph , Kuhn Eric , Carlson Chalise , Gould Christine E.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To examine baseline factors (i.e., age, gender, mobile device proficiency, sensory impairment) associated with app engagement in a 12‐week mental health app intervention and to explore whether app engagement predicts changes in depression and anxiety symptoms among middle‐aged and older adults.

Method

Mobile device proficiency, sensory impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using questionnaires. App engagement was defined by metrics characterizing the core intervention features (i.e., messages sent to therapist, mindfulness meditation minutes, action tasks completed). Multiple regressions and multilevel models were conducted.

Results

Forty‐nine participants (M age = 57.40, SD = 11.09 years) enrolled. Women (β = .35, p < .05) and participants with less sensory impairment completed more action tasks (β = −.40, p < .05). Depressive and anxiety symptoms measured within the app declined significantly across treatment. Clinical significant improvements were observed for depression in 48.9% and for anxiety in 40% of participants. App engagement metrics were not predictive of depression or anxiety symptoms, either incrementally in time‐lagged models or cumulatively in hierarchical linear regression analyses.

Conclusion

App engagement is multifaceted; participants engaged differently by gender and ability. Participation in this digital mental health intervention reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, but these findings should be interpreted with caution as the study did not include a control condition. Our findings underscore the importance of considering individual factors that may influence use of a digital mental health intervention.