bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergy between plant essential oils and Pseudomonas isolate secondary metabolites against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch
Authors: Basaid Khadija , Chebli Bouchra , Bouharroud Rachid , Elaini Rachid , Furze James Nicholas , alaoui Ilyass Filali , Kaoui Soukaina , Zaidouni Safaa , Paulitz Timothy , Mayad El Hassan
Published: February 2024

In the pursuit of developing effective bio-acaricidal agents, the toxicity by residual contact and repellency of the essential oils (EOs) ofOriganum compactum,Mentha piperitaandArtemisia herba-albaand their mixtures against adults ofTetranychus urticaewas investigated. The oils demonstrated repellency and toxicity to mites based on dose. Combinations of the EOs in binary and ternary forms had antagonistic and additive effects on the mite's toxicity and repellency, with the exception of combinedO. compactumandM. piperitaEOs that displayed a synergistic acaricidal relationship. The chemical composition of the oils was identified via GC/MS analysis; major constituents were thymol (49%) inO. compactum, linalool (45.81%) inM. piperitaand camphor (25.08%) inA. herba-alba. Further, we evaluated the acaricidal activity of secondary metabolites produced byPseudomonasspecies using cell-free supernatants, and reported on the mode of entry ofPseudomonassupernatants into adult mites. The bioactive acaricidal compounds were most effective (57.6 to 96.1% mortality) when the entire integument ofT. urticaewas contacted compared to the ventral side only (15.3 to 80.7%). The toxicity of the most active bacterial supernatant was investigated at 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 dilutions in combination with the EOs. The combinations synergistically killed the mite. Lethal effects were seen 72h after exposure. Bio-acaricidal formulations may take use of synergistic combinations to manage the two-spotted spider mite.
Prediction of turbulent flows behind cylinder arrays via Echo State Networks
Authors: Ghazijahani Mohammad Sharifi , Cierpka Christian
Published: February 2024

This study aims at the prediction of the turbulent flow behind cylinder arrays by the application of Echo State Networks (ESN). Three different arrangements of arrays of seven cylinders are chosen for the current study. Three different wake flow regimes are represented by these arrays: single bluff body flow, transient flow, and co-shedding flow, which allows inherently similar, yet very different, turbulent flows to be studied. The data is reduced by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), and then the Time Coefficients of the POD Modes (TCPM) are predicted by the ESN. The ESN is optimized with respect to its three main hyperparameters, Input Scaling (INS), Spectral Radius (SR), and Leaking Rate (LR), in order to produce the best predictions in terms of Weighted Prediction Score (WPS). In general, the ESN is capable of imitating the complex dynamics of turbulent flows even for long periods. Furthermore, the mutual interdependencies of the TCPM are well preserved. However, the ESN’s performance in different hyperparameters depends on the flow characteristics. Generally, as flow dynamics become faster and more intermittent, larger LR and INS values make better predictions, whereas less clear trends in SR values tend to emerge.
SMAD4 Inhibits CXCL1/CXCR2 to Trigger Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lian Bin , Dong Tingyan , You Na , Wen Yunjie , Wang Jiandong
Published: February 2024

Background
SMAD4 plays a crucial role in the TGF-β signaling pathway and acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC), where it is frequently downregulated and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, its role in tumor immunity is unknown.
Methods
SMAD4 overexpression and knockdown based on the cell experiments and mice model were performed. Utilizing a SMAD4-deficient CRC model, we investigated the role of SMAD4 on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) within the immune microenvironment of MSI-H CRC.
Results
It was observed that knockdown of SMAD4 promoted cell invasion. Conversely, overexpression of SMAD4 inhibited cell invasion and migration. In a murine xenograft tumor model, loss of SMAD4 promoted tumor growth. Analysis of mouse serum samples demonstrated that the loss of SMAD4 caused a significant increase in CXCL1 and CXCR2 levels, while SMAD4 overexpression caused a decrease in their levels. Further investigations indicated that SMAD4 deletion notably decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, and the levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry analysis of the relationship between MDSCs and SMAD4 revealed that loss of SMAD4 facilitated MDSCs recruitment via activation of the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis.
Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that SMAD4 deficiency promotes CXCL1/CXCR2-induced MDSC accumulation and reduces the infiltration of IFN-γ, CD4 + T, CD8 + T cells, thus facilitating immune escape and CRC progression. Targeting MDSCs through the regulation of SMAD4 could be an innovative strategy for treating CRC patients.
Central Attention with Sliding Window for Efficient Visual Tracking
Authors: Chen Zhen , Xiao Xianbing , Xiong Xingzhong , Meng Fanqin , Liu Jun
Published: February 2024

Cross-correlation is often used for feature fusion, especially in Siamese-based trackers. However, capturing complex nonlinear relationships is challenging and susceptible to outliers in the sample. Recently, researchers have used Transformers for feature fusion and achieved more significant performance. However, most rely on modeling global token relationships, which can destroy the local and spatial correlations inherent in 2D structures. This paper proposes an efficient tracking algorithm based on central attention and sliding window sampling called SiamCAT. Specifically, significant context augments with sliding windows are suggested to maintain the stability of the 2D input spatial structure. It is based on attention to simulate the processing of 2D data by convolution, and the internal memory composed of learnable parameters realizes the dynamic adjustment of the attention layer. Second, to learn efficient feature fusion, this paper constructs a feature fusion network to effectively combine template features and search features. Experiments show that SiamCAT achieves state-of-the-art results on LaSOT, OTB100, NFS, UAV123, GOT10K, and TrackingNet benchmark and runs in real-time at 47 frames per second on the CPU. The code will be released in https://github.com/cnchange/SiamCAT.
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10 and VEGF stability in autologous and allogeneic serum-based eye drops
Authors: Janus Joanna , Chmielewska Katarzyna , Mikołowska Agata , Wrzodak Karolina , Stącel Marta , Antoniewicz-Papis Jolanta
Published: February 2024

Serum-based eye drops are an effective treatment for dry eye syndrome. Most of the proteins and growth factors in serum are thought to remain stable for several months, but there are no standardized protocols for preparation of the product. Also, the time from thawing to drop administration is of significant importance. Stability testing of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10 and VEGF using flow cytometry was performed. Concentrations in samples thawed prematurely and directly before measurement and before after 5-month storage were studied. Mean concentration in the samples thawed immediately before measurement is higher in VEGF and IL-10 and in samples thawed prematurely concentrations of in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6. Results for measuring the stability after 5-moth storage were: in most samples the levels of IL-1β and IL-2 interleukins were higher after 5-month storage, while the IL-6 and IL-10 and VEGF were lower. Premature thawing and storage of serum at 20°C significantly alters the concentration of cytokines, which reduces the effectiveness of the serum eye drops. Storing serum at -20°C for several months influences the change in VEGF and the studied cytokines concentration. It is necessary to extend the studies to other serum proteins and to establish a shelf life.
Prediction Model of Cardiovascular Risk Factors through Modified Fasting Therapy in 3449 Patients with Hyperglycemia
Authors: Liu Taoli , Ye Ziheng , Feng Jiahao , Zhao Jin , Zeng Dongkai , Huang Peng , Qu Changbo , Zhang Tingying , Zhang Li , Qin Jian
Published: February 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop a matrix prediction model based on weight loss and improvement in CVD risk factors to evaluate the cardiovascular benefits of modifiedfasting therapyin overweight/obese patients with hyperglycemia.Methods: CVD-related clinical predictors were extracted from a group of 3449 hospitalizedindividuals after modifiedfasting therapy using logistic regression. Matrix prediction models were formulated, and a corresponding scoring system was developed in a separate cohort. A separate validation was conducted on a separate cohort of 715 inpatients.Results:Three Cox prediction models based on the improvement of CVD risk factors associated with weight loss were assessed. The AUC of model 3 was higher than that of prediction model 1 and model 2 (AUC = 0.91 > 0.73 > 0.79). Two matrix prediction models were employed to assess the sensitivity of predicting weight loss outcomes. Effective weight loss indicators included diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 80 mmHg, fasting C-peptide (FCP) ≥ 260 pmol/L, and total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L.Conclusions:The prediction model showed that the weight loss of fasting therapy had a higher clinical benefit on CVD risk factors in overweight/obese patients with hyperglycemia by DBP > 80 mmHg, FCP ≥ 260 pmol/L, and TC ≥ 5.2 mmol/L.
Investigating the anti-diabetic, anti-depressant and anti-anxiety effect of euphorbia prostrata in alloxan monohydrate induced mice
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Rafiq Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad Yasir , Niaz Kamal , Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Munawar Shaukat Hussain , Manzoor Zahid , Ayaz Mazhar , FarrukhNisar Muhammad , YasirWaqas Muhammad
Published: February 2024

The present study aims to scientifically validate certain pharmacological activities ofEuphorbia prostrata(E. prostrata) plant extracts and investigate their anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, and anti-anxiety effects. The extraction process employed the Soxhlet apparatus method, using methanol as the solvent. Thirty albino mice were purchased from the local market and divided into five groups, each comprising six mice. Group I served as the negative control, while Group II acted as the positive control. Groups III and IV received two different concentrations (150 and 300 mg/kg) of methanolic plant extract, and Group V was treated with the standard drug Glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. In diabetic control mice treated with high doses of the plant extract, the blood glucose-lowering impact was more pronounced during this period. Glibenclamide also reduced glucose concentrations comparably to the high dose of plant extract. The anti-diabetic effect of mice administered 300 mg/kg methanol extract paralleled that of mice receiving 10 mg/kg Glibenclamide on the 31st day. To evaluate the anti-depressant activity ofE. prostrata, the forced swim test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test were conducted. Similarly, the anti-anxiety activity was assessed through the open field test, novel object recognition test, and elevated plus maze test. These tests were carried out on days 1st, 15th, and 30th, and on days 2nd, 16th, and 31st during treatment, respectively, except for the novel object recognition test, which was performed on the last two days of treatment. Results from the behavioural tests indicated thatE. prostrataexhibited a potent effect against depressive and anxiolytic behaviour. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA presented all results as mean ± SD, with significance considered at P < 0.05.
Comparison of the cadmium and lead removal from three soils by electrokinetic remediation
Authors: Mei Zhang
Published: February 2024

The use of citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium as electrolytes on the removal of lead and cadmium from three soils were investigated for the first time by electrokinetic remediation. The experimental results showed that: under the voltage gradient of 2 V/cm and remediation time of 4 d, the best electrolyte for brown soil (ZR) was EDTA, and the removal rates of Cd and Pb were 17.8% and 13.2%, which were lower than those of red soil (HR)and black soil (BR). It seemed that electrokinetic remediation was less effective for ZR due to the high soil pH, and could combined with other remediation techniques to improve the efficiency. For HR, extending the remediation time to 10 d, the Cd removal rate reached 91.1% when the electrolyte was citric acid, and the Pb removal rate reached 63.2% when the electrolyte was EDTA. For BR, it was more sensitive to electrokinetic remediation technology, and the focusing phenomenon was serious. The removal rate of Cd in S1 of BR1 was 99%, and the focusing phenomenon occurs in S4 and S5 zones, resulting in an average removal rate of 22%, which could be improved by cathodic control; the removal rate of Pb in S5 of BR2 was 84.8%, and the focusing phenomenon occurred in S1, which could be improved by anodic control.
A Power-aware Vision-based Virtual Sensor for Real-Time Edge Computing
Authors: Contoli Chiara , Calisti Lorenzo , Fabrizio Giacomo Di , Kania Nicholas , Bogliolo Alessandro , Lattanzi Emanuele
Published: February 2024

Graphics Processing Units and Tensor Processing Units coupled with tiny machine learning models deployed on edge devices are revolutionizing computer vision and real-time tracking systems. However, edge devices often pose constraints regarding computational resources and power consumption. This paper proposes a visual-based virtual sensor paradigm that provides power-aware multi-object tracking at the edge while preserving tracking accuracy and enhancing privacy. The virtual sensor implements a new Dynamic Inference Power Manager (DIPM) based on an adaptive frame rate. We implement and deploy the virtual sensor and the DIPM on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano edge platform to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our solutions. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed virtual sensor can achieve a 40% reduction in energy consumption, with a marginal decrease of less than 6% in tracking accuracy.
CXCL10-dependent epithelial-vascular cross-talk for endothelial activation following Sars-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Chaillot Laura , Blondot Marie-Lise , Recordon-Pinson Patricia , Pellegrin Isabelle , Boizard-Moracchini Andrea , Sliusar Myroslava , Pujol Nadège , Andreola Marie-Line , Bonnet Fabrice , Recher Gaelle , Andrique Leatitia , Nassoy Pierre , Mathivet Thomas , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: February 2024

The vasculature is heavily impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conflicting results exist about the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 virus acts on the vasculature. The presence of the virus within endothelial cells has been reported in patients’ samples. However, the ACE2 receptor is not detected in endothelial cells when analyzed by RNAseq analysis. Thus, it is not clear how SARS-CoV-2 is contributing to vascular inflammation and whether a cross-talk between epithelial cells and endothelial cells is involved. We, therefore, investigated the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the vasculature using 2D and 3D in vitro models including our previously developed 3D vesseloid model. We first determined the suitability of the 3D vesseloid model for our study and then assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to directly infect endothelial cells. In the absence of ACE2 in endothelial cells, no infection could be detected. When ACE2 was overexpressed in endothelial cells, a low uptake of viral particles in endothelial cells has been observed without efficient viral production. We then explored the possibility of an indirect effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection involving an epithelial-endothelial cells cross-talk. After infection of epithelial cells, a significant inflammatory response was detected in endothelial cells. Furthermore, we investigated the cytokines possibly implicated and identified CXCL10 as the most expressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and explored its function in this context. Finally, clinical relevance of our findings was confirmed by CXCL10 and alternative cytokines dosage in blood samples of Sars-CoV-2 infected patients, and validated in silico in an independent patient’s cohort.
Plohophorini Glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata) From the Late Neogene of Northwestern Argentina. Insight Into Their Diversity, Evolutionary History, and Paleobiogeography
Authors: Núñez-Blasco Alizia , Zurita Alfredo E. , Bonini Ricardo , Miño-Boilini Angel R. , Quiñones Sofia I. , Toriño Pablo , Zamorano Martín , Georgieff Sergio M.
Published: February 2024

Northwestern Argentina (NWA) contains, together with the Pampean region (PR), one of the most complete late Neogene continental sequences, in which a great diversity of palaeofauna was recognized, among which glyptodonts stand out. Recent evidence suggests that the Late Miocene was a period of extra-Patagonian diversification in southern South America for glyptodonts, perhaps stimulated by the expansion of C4 grasses and open environments (known as “Edad de las Planicies Australes”). Here we focus on one of the most poorly known glyptodonts of NWA, the Plohophorini, from the Villavil-Quillay basin (Catamarca Province). Our results show that, like other clades (e.g., Doedicurini), a single species can be recognized, Stromaphorus ameghini (Ameghino, 1889; ex Moreno, 1882), whose stratigraphic record spans from the latest Miocene to the Pliocene (ca. 7.14–3.3 Ma; Messinian-Zanclean). Cladistic analysis confirms the status of natural group of the tribe Plohophorini within Hoplophorinae (“austral clade”), in which S. ameghini appears as the sister species of the Pampean species S. trouessarti (Moreno, 1888) nov. comb. The oldest precise records of S. ameghini (ca. 7.14 Ma) provide a minimum age for the Plohophorini lineage. The evidence suggests that the diversity of glyptodonts from the late Neogene of NWA is composed of endemic species, different from those of the PR, although both areas share the same genera, as observed in other mammalian clades such as Hegetotheriidae and Dasypodidae. Finally, the cladistic analysis reveals, in a broader context, that the spine-like structure observed in the caudal tube of some genera (ie, Nopachtus, Propanochthus, and Panochthus) is a homologous structure rather than a convergence as usually interpreted. On the contrary, the similar appearance of the ornamentation pattern represented by the multiplication of peripheral figures in the carapaces of the genera Stromaphorus and Nopachtus is, in fact, a convergence.
Suspected olfactory meningioma and synchronous pituitary microadenoma in a canine patient treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Vanhaezebrouck Isabelle Francoise , Mendez-Valenzuela Carlos Roberto , Bentley R.Timothy , Scarpelli Matthew Louis , Blake Jeanna , Ekenstedt Kari J
Published: February 2024

The authors report on the rare occurrence of dual synchronous primary brain tumors in a canine patient, successful treatment with radiation therapy, and medical therapy with patient stabilization for almost three years. A 12.5-year-old spayed mixed-breed female Labrador was referred to Purdue Veterinary Hospital to treat hyperadrenocorticism of suspected pituitary origin. During MRI imaging, the presence of two possible brain neoplasms was detected: a possible right olfactory bulb meningioma and a microadenoma of the pituitary gland. The patient was treated with a fractionated course of radiation in both tumors, 15 treatments of 3Gy, which limited the tumor growth. Lysodren therapy corrected the hormonal dysregulation. The dog had a normal life for nearly three years and recently passed. Cancer cells were not found at necropsy. No MEN1 germline mutations were identified in constitutional DNA (from blood) via high-coverage whole genome sequencing.
WITHDRAWN: Av-h-mac: Adaptable Variable Homomorphic Mac Based Intrusion Detection System for Network Coding Enabled Small Cells
Authors: Nabi Faisal , Attaullah H M
Published: February 2024

Mobile small cells enabled by Network Coding (NC) are seen as a viable solution for 5G networks that can span the urban environment by being put up on demand anywhere and at any time across any device. Despite the advantages that NC-enabled mobile small cells provide to the 5G of mobile networks, there are some security threats (due to their vulnerabilities) owing to pollution attacks, in which intermediate nodes are used to tamper with packets in transit. Due to these polluted packets Erroneous decoding will occur at the receivers end. Detecting the polluted packets in NC enabled mobile small cell is a challenging task. The proposed An Adaptable Variable Homomorphic MAC based Intrusion Detection System (AV-H-MAC-IDS) effectively detects the polluted packets in the NC-enabled small cell environment. This model consists of different stages like region –based node clustering, node registration, homomorphic key-pair generation, and pollution attack detection. This method analyses the data of each node in the network to check whether data is altered or not. Due to region based clusters, it can effectively identify the attacker and their neighbours. Next to detection, it labels the nodes such that the malicious nodes can be isolated in subsequent data transmissions. This approach not only detects polluted packets, but also identifies the attacker's location, so that future packet pollution can be avoided up to some extent. It has been demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms both the state-of-the-art models and the more conventional models in terms of detection accuracy and time complexity.
Two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2XP: First-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Wei Xiao-Ping , Du Lan-Lan , Meng Jiang-Liu , Tao Xiaoma
Published: February 2024

According to the Mermin Wagner theorem, two-dimensional material is difficult to have the Curie temperature above room temperature. By using the method of band engineering, we design a promising two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2XP (X=P, As, Sb) with large magnetization, high Curie temperature and sizable band gap. The formation of gap is discussed in terms of the hybridizations, occupation and distribution of electronic states and charge transfer. Large magnetic moments about 6.16∼6.37µB origin from the occupation of Cr-d electrons in crystal field. Competition and cooperation between d-d (Cr-d∼Cr-d) and d-p-d (Cr-d∼X-p∼Cr-d) exchange interactions lead to the emergence of ferromagnetic ordering phase. Furthermore, Curie temperatures, approaching to 269 K, 332 K and 400 K for Cr2P2, Cr2AsP and Cr2SbP, are estimated by employing Monte Carlo simulation based on the Heisenberg model. Magnetic anisotropy energy of Cr2XP is determined by calculating the total energy dependence on the angle along different directions, and the origin is also discussed by the second-order perturbation theory. In addition, the Cr2XP possesses excellent thermodynamical, dynamical and mechanical stabilities, and can overcome their own gravity to keep their planar structure without the support of substrate. These above-mentioned advantages will offer some valuable hints for two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2XP in spintronic devices.
Unsupervised and Supervised Techniques for FPSO Electric Power Demand Modelling
Authors: Araujo Daniel , Ferreira Vitor , Pessoa Artur , Fortes Marcio , Borba Bruno , Augusto Andre , Pinho André , Colombini Angelo , Ramos Marcos , Mafra Gabriel
Published: February 2024

This work presents a case study of the application of supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques in the study of three of Petrobras FPSO units in regards to its equipments power demand. Specifically, it delves into the outcomes of the clustering and equipment modelling modules of a computational solution developed in a partnership between Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) and Petrobras, FPSO Power Demand Analytics (FPDA). The presented results were found satisfactory by UFF and Petrobras development and engineering teams. For example the equipment modelling methodology resulted in a library of models from which the median absolute error rarely exceeds the 3% mark. The median of the median absolute errors observed across platforms and test scenarios is often less than 1%.
A Potential Sustainable Urea-Releasing Device Produced by a Solid-State Reaction
Authors: Pellá Michelly Cristina , Simão Andressa Renatta , Lima Antônia Millena , Mauricio Marcos Roberto , Pereira Guilherme , da Silva Rafael , Rubira Adley
Published: February 2024

This work produced chemically activated sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon (AC) for the controlled release of urea. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman analysis confirmed the presence of graphitic structures and multiple oxygen-containing functional groups. After the solid-state reaction that formed the material, their surface area reached 1401 m2 g-1 for the sample prepared with a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, a concentration of sodium hydroxide equivalent to 11 mol L-1, and an activation temperature of 900 °C (AC 400-11-900). Zeta potential measures indicated negative charges at pH > 4, reaching almost (-50 mV) at pH 9. The adsorptive capacity of the AC with the highest surface area was equal to (758.7 ± 263.8) mg g-1. Nevertheless, the matrix did not release the urea molecules previously adsorbed into it, which is appealing for fertilizerreleasing purposes because the activated carbon would be able to re-adsorb the non-absorbed urea molecules, sustaining nutrient availability for longer periods.
Social Network Users’ Posts’ Analysis for Actual Problems’ Detection
Authors: Bolshakov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: February 2024

It is important for politicians to understand public opinion. To get that, they can use not only direct quizzes, but also social networks’ posts and comments. In order to do this, they should use information system that could gather and analyze data to gat clusters – actual topics. The purpose of this article is to select clustering method as well as library for implementing code and to show some test results.
Social Insurance in Russia
Authors: Ambartsumian Viktoriia Eduardovna
Published: February 2024

Social insurance in Russia plays an important role in ensuring social protec-tion of citizens. This system involves providing citizens with material support in case of various situations, such as illness, disability, disability, loss of breadwin-ner, old age and death of the breadwinner.
Investigadores en América Latina se enfocan en las relaciones con China. Economía política, mercados e instituciones
Authors: Stallings Barbara , Sanborn Cynthia
Published: February 2024

Dado que China se ha convertido en un actor de gran importancia en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), investigadores en esta región han mostrado un creciente interés en estudiar los retos resultantes de esta situación. Los trabajos más recientes se han centrado en la economía (comercio entre China y ALC, y financiamiento proveniente de China), o en las consecuencias de esta relación para temas ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza, aunque algunos académicos también se han enfocado en los impactos del conflicto entre los Estados Unidos de América y China en la región. En todos los casos, la cuestión tiende a consistir en si los países de ALC se están beneficiando de una mayor presencia de China, o si los problemas exceden los potenciales beneficios. Señalamos los principales centros de investigación y académicos que analizan estos temas, y discutimos los debates centrales que los ocupan. Concluimos con un conjunto de recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de las investigaciones, incluida la necesidad de contar con mejores datos y mayor colaboración con colegas chinos, así como la importancia de la transparencia respecto a fuentes de financiamiento y potenciales sesgos que aparecen al trabajar en esta área de cada vez mayor interés.
Prokaryotic Expression and Affinity Purification of DDX3 Protein
Authors: Huang Lan , Liang Yue , Hou Huijin , Tang Min , Liu Xinpeng , Ma Yan-ni , Liang Shufang
Published: February 2024

Background:

DDX3 is a protein with RNA helicase activity that is involved in a variety
of biological processes, and it is an important protein target for the development of broad-spectrum
antiviral drugs, multiple cancers and chronic inflammation.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to establish a simple and efficient method to express and
purify DDX3 protein in E. coli, and the recombinant DDX3 should maintain helicase activity for
further tailor-made screening and biochemical function validation.

Methods:

DDX3 cDNA was simultaneously cloned into pET28a-TEV and pNIC28-Bsa4 vectors
and transfected into E. coli BL21 (DE3) to compare one suitable prokaryotic expression system.
The 6×His-tag was fused to the C-terminus of DDX3 to form a His-tagging DDX3 fusion protein
for subsequent purification. Protein dissolution buffer and purification washing conditions were
optimized. The His-tagged DDX3 protein would bind with the Ni-NTA agarose by chelation and
collected by affinity purification. The 6×His-tag fused with N-terminal DDX3 was eliminated
from DDX3 by TEV digestion. A fine purification of DDX3 was performed by gel filtration chromatography.

Results:

The recombinant plasmid pNIC28-DDX3, which contained a 6×His-tag and one TEV
cleavage site at the N terminal of DDX3 sequence, was constructed for DDX3 prokaryotic expression
and affinity purification based on considering the good solubility of the recombinant His-tagging
DDX3, especially under 0.5 mM IPTG incubation at 18°C for 18 h to obtain more soluble
DDX3 protein. Finally, the exogenous recombinant DDX3 protein was obtained with more than
95% purity by affinity purification on the Ni-NTA column and removal of miscellaneous through
gel filtration chromatography. The finely-purified DDX3 still retained its ATPase activity.

Conclusion:

A prokaryotic expression pNIC28-DDX3 system is constructed for efficient expression
and affinity purification of bioactive DDX3 protein in E. coli BL21(DE3), which provides an
important high-throughput screening and validation of drugs targeting DDX3.
Molecular Biomarkers in Cholangiocarcinoma: Focus on Bile
Authors: Dolbnya Andrey D. , Popov Igor A. , Pekov Stanislav I.
Published: February 2024

Hepatobiliary system cancers have demonstrated an increasing incidence rate in the
past years. Without the presence of early symptoms, the majority of such cancers manifest with a
set of similar symptoms, such as cholestasis resulting in posthepatic icterus. Differential diagnosis
of hepatobiliary cancers is required for the therapy selection, however, the similarity of the symptoms
complicates diagnostics. Thus, the search for molecular markers is of high interest for such
patients.

:

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a poor prognosis due to a low resectability rate,
which occurs because this disease is frequently beyond the limits of surgical therapy at the time of
diagnosis. The CCA is diagnosed by the combination of clinical/biochemical features, radiological
methods, and non-specific serum tumor biomarkers, although invasive examination is still needed.
The main disadvantage is limited specificity and sensitivity, which complicates early diagnostics.
Therefore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still lacking and urgently needed for early diagnosis.
In contrast to serum, bile is more accessible to identify biliary disease due to its simpler
composition. Moreover, bile can contain higher concentrations of tumor biomarkers due to its direct
contact with the tumor. It is known that the composition of the main bile component - bile
acids, may vary during different diseases of the biliary tract.
This review summarizes the recent developments in the current research on the diagnostic biomarkers
for CCA in serum and bile and provides an overview of the methods of bile acids analysis.
Essential Structural Profile of Novel Adenosine Derivatives as Antiplatelet Aggregation Inhibitors based on 3D-QSAR Analysis
Authors: Li Shunlai , Zheng Pengyu , Ren Yajing , Du Hongguang
Published: February 2024

Aims:

In this research, 3D-QSAR evaluation on a set of fresh purinoid compounds that we
produced was conducted. This analysis aims to illustrate the correlation between the structure of
purine and its ability to prevent platelet aggregation. Our findings could pave the way to discovering
novel antithrombotic medications.

Background:

The incidence of cardiovascular disease triggered by the clumping of platelets poses a
significant danger to human health. Purine derivatives are important molecules with antiplatelet aggregation
activity.

Objective:

The objectives of this research are to establish the correlation between the structure of
purine and its ability to prevent platelet aggregation. Such a correlation could aid in the development
of innovative antithrombotic medications.

Methods:

In this study, 3D-QSAR investigation on a collection of 75 new purine derivatives, which
we synthesized, was conducted, utilizing Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative
molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA).

Results:

Significant correlation coefficients (CoMFA, q2= 0.843, r2= 0.930, F value= 266.755, SEE=
0.165; CoMSIA, q2= 0.869, r2= 0.918, F value= 222.571, SEE= 0.179) were obtained, and assessed
the model's predictive capabilities by validating it with the test set.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that the introduction of an appropriately sized structure at position
2 of the compound yields significant benefits. Conversely, the attachment of an excessively large
group is detrimental. Direct attachment of a bulky substituent at C-6 of the compound is not feasible,
and its activity increases when the structure with low electron cloud density is added. Moreover, the
presence of a voluminous functional group at the 5' position of the compound is advantageous, and
its activity will be further increased by the presence of hydrogen bond receptors in this region. These
discoveries furnish significant comprehension for the formation of innovative structures with heightened
efficacy.
Neuroprotective Effects of Isolated Mangiferin from Swertia chirayita Leaves Regulating Oxidative Pathway on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic
Neuropathy in Experimental Rats
Authors: Shivam  , Gupta Asheesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

Background:

Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis and development
of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the most common and debilitating complication of
diabetes mellitus. Swertia chirayita is a rich source of phenolic constituents and has hypoglycemic,
anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Aims:

This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect in diabetes by enhancing
antioxidant defense against oxidative stress, which exhibits a neuroprotective effect in streptozotocin-
induced diabetic rats.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to elucidate the therapeutic potential of bioactive
compounds of Swertia chirayita for diabetic complications.

Methods:

The present work focused on isolating the bioactive from the leaves of Swertia absinthe
for acute toxicity studies, assessing its protective effects against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy
as well as its mode of action in STZ-induced Wistar rats. The local area of Moradabad is the place
from where the leaves of Swertia chirayita were gathered. Mangiferin was isolated and identified
using spectroscopic techniques, such as UV, HPLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR, MAS, and FTIR.
Mangiferin was administered in doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg to test its effect on experimentally
induced diabetes. The sciatic nerves of all groups were examined histopathologically. The
protective effect of the drug against diabetes and diabetic neuropathy was demonstrated by
measures, such as blood glucose level, body weight, food intake, thermal hyperalgesia, grip
strength, spontaneous locomotor test, and lipid profile analysis. Sciatic nerve cells of the treated
groups showed less inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis.

Results:

The results of this study confirmed that mangiferin alleviated diabetic neuropathic pain,
possibly by reducing inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6), strong
antioxidant activity, and NGF in sciatic nerves. It may be a therapeutic agent.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that active phytochemicals of Swertia chirayita showed preventive
and curative effects against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats, which might be due to its
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Moringa oleifera and its Secondary Metabolites: Chemistry, Properties and
Antidiabetic Potentiality
Authors: Pal Dilipkumar , Takeshwar  , Thakur Sujoy
Published: February 2024

Secondary metabolites present in different natural resources possess multiple biological
activities. Diabetes is one of the leading disease all over the world in current time, and higher in
numbersthan the deadliest cancer disease. According to the WHO about 422 million people are suffering
from diabetes and most of them are even unaware that they are living with the condition. In
recent times research in natural medicinal plants has achieved a great success in the management of
different diseases and disorders. Moringa oleifera is one of the most common medicinal and nutritious
plant among the family of moringaceae, found in almost all over India. The tree with it's almost
every edible part makes it a versatile natural medicinal source. The secondary metabolites present
within it make this plant a rich biological resource. Among various classes of secondary metabolites
alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, sterols etc. are present in moringa tree. The principle
potent compound responsible for emerging antidiabetic property of Moringa is 4-(α-Lrhamnopyranosyloxy)
benzyl glucosinolate. In this review we summarise specifically the antidiabetic
activity of this multipurpose natural plant and it's phytochemistry. Since ancient times this plant has
been used as anti-diabetic agent in sub continental regions. Mostly phytoconstituents obtained from
leaves are responsible for its outstanding antidiabetic property. Research on antidiabetic property of
M. oleifera by different scientists proved that Moringa is one of the finest natural medicinal plants in
the management of diabetes with least toxicity.
A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles: An
Update
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Goyal Anju , Kumari Sapna , Garg Madhukar , Kaur Arpanpreet , Mehta Dinesh , Singh Vibha , Hans Bhavya
Published: February 2024

Silver and silver salts have been used since the beginning of civilization, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently been discovered. They have been employed as antioxidants and
antibacterial, antifungal, and potential anticáncer agents in agriculture and medicine. Many bacteria,
including Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the fungus
Candida albicans, were shown to be inhibited in their growth and multiplication by binding Ag/Ag+
to biomolecules that are present in microbial cells. Ag NPs are thought to create reactive oxygen
species and free radicals, which cause apoptosis, cell death, and hinder cell reproduction. Ag NPs
diffuse in side cells and break because they are smaller than bacteria. The researchers have developed numerous methods of their synthesis. The present review focused on the latest evidence related
to silver nanoparticles, several methods of preparations, along with examples listed in the literature.
Health Policy Analysis on the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance
(AMR) in India: A Mixed Methods Study of Antimicrobial Stewardship as
a Pivotal Intervention in Tackling AMR
Authors: Singh Chetan , Pandey Anita , Singh Lubhan
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This policy report aimed at two goals, that is, to report the findings of the literature review and explore the perceptions of the key stakeholders in seeking better insight into the antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP), and to develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policy recommendations for the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India, based on the findings from the rapid systematic review of the literature (both published and grey) and the views of key stakeholders.

Methods:

A mixed method approach using literature review and qualitative interviews has been applied. A rapid systematic literature review focusing on the antimicrobial stewardship pro-gram’s key achievements and its implementation and impact, implementation challenges, gaps and barriers, and opportunities, has been carried out, which has been followed by conducting interviews of key stakeholders and reporting the findings along with the recommendations.

Results:

The findings have shown significant progress towards AMSP, such as expanding to 90 secondary-level hospitals and district-level hospitals/nursing homes, and the Indian Council of Medical Research antimicrobial resistance surveillance and research network (ICMR AMRSN) program. Education, training, and microbiological testing have been found to be the current focus areas. However, there exist challenges, including a lack of leadership support, diagnostic stew-ardship, and staffing of clinical pharmacists and infectious control nurses. Key gaps and barriers identified include setting up microbiology laboratories and hiring ICN nurses and clinical phar-macists. Opportunities have also been identified. Based on these findings, we have made succinct recommendations to address the themes and issues identified.

Conclusion:

Without new medicines, India will struggle to manage antimicrobial resistance. This situation calls for national oversight. This study has demonstrated AMSP as crucial for fighting this silent pandemic. The Indian government and policymakers must swiftly address critical chal-lenges, gaps, and opportunities. These findings and recommendations might potentially strengthen the future antimicrobial resistance national action plan (AMR NAP).
Effect of Toll-like Receptor-3 Antagonist on Viral Asthma Exacerbations
Via a TLR3/dsRNA Complex Pathway
Authors: Arora Swamita , Agrawal Mohit , Sahu Kantrol Kumar , Alam Sanjar , Akram Wasim , Khalid Mohammad , Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Singh Kuldeep , Chaudhary Hema
Published: February 2024

Background:

The Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) ligand Poly(I:C) has been shown to induce a viral aggravation of severe asthma by identifying double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of the TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem compound in the treatment of Poly(I:C)-induced viral asthma exacerbations through the ovalbu-min-induced asthma model in Swiss albino mice.

Methods:

Poly(I:C) and Ovalbumin drugs were injected in mice to sensitize (i.p. on 0, 7, and 14th day) and challenge (i.n. on the 21st and 22nd days). In contrast, the treatment drug TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem was given on the 21st and 22nd days intraperitoneally within the study period. In-vivo measurements were carried out in BALF and serum for pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory leukocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitrite levels, lungs/body weight index, and lung tissue histopathology using H and E staining in mice airways.

Results:

High levels of cytokines (NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-5, RANTES, MIP-2, and MCP-1) are seen in groups exposed to OVA and Poly (I:C). Further, inflammatory leukocyte cell counts, lung-body weight (LW/BW) index, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and lung tissue damage sug-gest exacerbations in mice airways. On the other hand, TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbio-chem and dexamethasone significantly reversed these changes toward normal levels.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the novel compound TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-calbiochem has a better therapeutic role than dexamethasone for managing inflammatory char-acteristics in asthmatic mice lungs and is a potent target for viral asthma exacerbations
Nutritional Significance of Wheatgrass: Cultivation Practices and Opportunities for its Processing and Preservation
Authors: Gunjal Mahendra , Kaur Jaspreet , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Bakshi Manish , Choudhary Ravish , Marc Romina Alina , Ercisli Sezai
Published: February 2024

Background:

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the nutritional
composition and bioactive compounds found in wheatgrass, including chlorophyll, vitamins,
minerals, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, as well as their associated health benefits. The
review focuses on various cultivation practices, preservation techniques, and the current utilization
of wheatgrass as a whole. Additionally, the potential toxicity of wheatgrass has been discussed.
Wheatgrass, a nutrient-rich grass, possesses significant pharmacological and therapeutic
qualities. In the present scenario, wheatgrass is available in the form of juice, powder, and tablets,
and is incorporated into various food products through different processing treatments.

Method:

Information and data regarding wheatgrass cultivation practices, processing, and
preservation methods were collected from scientific sources, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate,
ScienceDirect, fig, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Result:

Wheatgrass is a highly valuable source of diverse nutrient compounds. Various cultivation
methods, such as indoor and outdoor techniques using different growing mediums, have
been employed for wheatgrass production. Recent methods for wheatgrass preservation have
been suggested to enhance the bioactive compounds present in wheatgrass.

Conclusion:

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the consumption of wheatgrass and wheatgrass-
based products can help control diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney and colon diseases, anemia,
and certain types of cancer. The smaller size of wheatgrass allows for easier assimilation of its
beneficial compounds. Creating awareness among consumers about the nutritional profile and
therapeutic properties of wheatgrass is crucial in order to maximize its market potential.
Bio-based Hydrogels and Their Application for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration
Authors: Agostinacchio Francesca , Motta Antonella
Published: February 2024

The intervertebral disc is a complex hierarchical structure, functiondependent, with the main function to provide support during movements, thus
functioning as the shock absorber of the vertebral column. Its properties change from
the outer toward the inner part, following the diverse composition. It is avascular with
poor self-healing capability. During the degeneration process, the cascade of events
causes the rupture of the structure and of the extracellular matrix, not able anymore to
sustain load stress, leading to cervical or low back chronic pain. Current clinical
treatments aim at pain relief but according to the severity of the disease, it might
require spinal fusion or a total disc replacement made of metal or plastic disc
substitutes, thus reducing the patient’s mobility. Tissue engineering and naturally
derived hydrogels are gaining interest as important tools for mimicking and delivering
cells or molecules either to regenerate a damaged part of the disc, but also its whole
structure. Although in the last due decades several improvements have been achieved ,
the fabrication of IVD constructs, reproducing its structure and functions, is still
challenging. For example the standardization of cell cultures conditions,cell sources,
mechanical tests paramters, are fundamental achievements to translate the biofabricated products to the clinic.