bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Modulation Performance of Quantum Well Semiconductor Laser Diodes Operating in Multimode
Authors: Imran Sazzad MS , Sultana Razia , Tanmay HM Asif , Hassan Nahid
Published: June 2022

A theoretical investigation has been carried out for both the direct sinusoidal modulation and associated noise performance of InGaN based quantum well (QW) semiconductor laser diodes (LDs) operating in multimode. The study is based on the QW lasers with two separate quantum wells with different carrier injection ratios. A model of multimode rate equations is developed by taking into account both symmetric and asymmetric cross-gain saturation. Numerical simulation shows that the mode partition effect exists in both the modulated and unmodulated LDs. From modulation at microwave frequency, highly synchronized oscillation of the modes resulting periodic pulse-like output is observed that contains peaks at modulation frequency and its harmonics. Associated total RIN and modal RIN values suppress with the modulation index. The simulation results have well correspondence with the previously reported theoretical and experimental findings.
DUJASE Vol. 6 (2) 94-98, 2021 (July)
Las declaraciones de Patrimonio Mundial y sus efectos en las comunidades
Authors: Martínez Yáñez Celia
Published: June 2022

Texto de presentación de la sección Debate para el número monográfico sobre la Convención de 1972 para la Protección del Patrimonio Mundial Cultural y Natural de la Unesco.
Agreement between Two Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometers and a Partial Coherence Interferometer
Authors: Moon Ji Young , Cho Soo Chang , Kim Hyun Jin , Jun Roo Min , Han Kyung Eun
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the level of agreement between ANTERION (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), OA-2000 (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan), and IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany).Methods: Fifty-one eyes of 51 patients were included in the study. Flat keratometry (K) and steep K, vector component of astigmatism (Jackson cross-cylinder at 0° and 90° [J0] and Jackson cross-cylinder at 45° and 135° [J45]), anterior chamber depth, and axial length were compared using the three devices. Repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to compare the mean values of the biometrics. Pearson correlation test was conducted to analyze the correlations of the measured values, and a Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between the three devices. The predicted intraocular lens power of each device was compared to the others using the SRK/T, Haigis, Barrett Universal II, and Kane formulas.Results: All K values measured using ANTERION were flatter than those of other instruments. However, good agreement was observed for flat K (ANTERION - OA-2000; 95% limits of agreement [LoA], 0.86 diopters [D]) and steep K (ANTERION - OA2000; 95% LoA, 0.93 D) and OA-2000 - IOLMaster 500 (95% LoA, 0.93 D). J0 and J45 vector components of astigmatism were not statistically different; however, the agreements were poor between the devices (95% LoA ≥1.97 D). Anterior chamber depth values of ANTERION and OA-2000 were interchangeable (95% LoA, 0.15 mm). The axial length showed a high agreement (95% LoA ≤0.17 mm) among the three devices. The predicted intraocular lens powers of the three devices were not interchangeable regardless of formulas (95% LoA ≥1.04 D).Conclusions: Significant differences in ocular biometrics were observed between ANTERION and the other two devices. This study demonstrated that only axial length showed good agreement among devices.
A Case of Chondrosarcoma With Maffucci Syndrome Presenting Adult Onset Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Son Gil Myeong , Park Ki Joon , Ha Seung Su , Park Chan Hum
Published: June 2022

Maffucci syndrome is a non-hereditary disease, in which benign cartilage tumor called enchondroma occurs throughout the body, causing various symptoms. In particular, when chondrosarcoma occurs in the skull base, various neurologic symptoms can appear. Many of these symptoms have been diagnosed and reported by neurosurgeons. This paper presents a rare case of Maffuci syndrome. The patient is a 34-year-old female who first visited the otolaryngology outpatient department for ear fullness without any other neurological symptoms. The initial diagnosis was adult onset otitis media with effusion (OME), but further examination and biopsy revealed skull base chondrosarcoma. Moreover, the mass was extensively invading the skull base, so surgical treatment would have been dangerous; thus, careful follow-up has been conducted for the patient in the outpatient clinic. This report highlights the importance of nasopharyngoscopy as well as other imaging tests to observe nasopharyngeal masses in OME patients with congenital or acquired diseases, which are known to sporadically develop tumor.
Distribution, activity patterns and diet of Callithrix penicillata (Primates: Callithrichidae) in an urban area in central Brazil
Authors: Bernardes Dias Ana Claudia , Hannibal Wellington , Martinez Romari Alejandra , Machado Polla Renon Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

Urban remnants have been home to large groups of marmosets. However, ecological information about black-tufted marmosets, Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) on urban areas are scant in the scientific literature. Here, we investigated the distribution, interaction with residents, activity pattern and diet of C. penicillata in an urban area in central Brazil. We used direct observation (sightings and scan sampling) and 205 semi-structured interviews to evaluate distribution, interaction and ecological behavior of black-tufted marmosets. Callithrix penicillata occurred throughout the urban area of Quirinópolis municipality, occupying mainly the forest remnants and surrounding gallery forests. Supplementary feeding was the interaction most cited by people. However, C. penicillata spend most of their time in locomotion (35-40%) and resting (30%), and exudates and supplementary foods represented a large part of their diet. We conclude that C. penicillata are well adapted in urban area of central Brazil. However, due interaction with people, we highlighted that these marmoset populations should be part of future municipal public policy concern.
Limity úpravy styku biologického otca dieťaťa ako blízkej osoby
Authors: Löwy Alexandra , Čipková Tamara
Published: June 2022

Model rodiny, ktorý poznáme z minulosti bol v zásade homogénny, založený na vzťahu otca, matky a detí. Moderná spoločnosť sa ale vyvíja a mení, je konfrontovaná s novými situáciami, ktoré exaktne zákon neupravuje, ale správnou interpretáciou právnej normy je možné ich pokryť. Takou je aj situácia existencie právneho, resp. sociálneho otca, ktorý nie je zároveň biologickým otcom. Je možné, aby v živote dieťaťa relevantne vystupovali obaja títo muži? Aké práva možno priznať biologickému otcovi, pri rešpektovaní právneho otcovstva iného muža? Odpovede na tieto, ale aj ďalšie súvisiace otázky sú obsahom príspevku, ktorý analyzuje aktuálnu právnu úpravu zákona o rodine v kontexte ochrany práv a záujmov zainteresovaných subjektov a hľadania spravodlivej rovnováhy medzi nimi.
Assessment of Fish Fauna of Natural and Artificial Water Bodies in Nakhchivan and the Environmental Factors That Have Impact Over Them
Authors: Karimova Sh.
Published: June 2022

The study is dedicated to the assessment of fish fauna of the natural and artificial water bodies in Nakhchivan in 2018–2022 and the environmental factors that have impact over them. It was determined for this period that fish fauna is distributed in 10 water bodies. Out of those water bodies, Nakhchivan reservoir dominates both from the perspective of species and fish hunting. Along with the study of fish fauna in aquifers, the factors influencing their development were also assessed. Although the balance is disturbed as a natural factor, factors such as industrial waste, garbage and solid waste, sewage waste, detergents and artificial fertilizers, agrochemicals, oil and oil products, radioactivity and thermal pollution are the main factors of environmental pollution. Other factors: untimely and excessive hunting, fishing during reproductive migration, the introduction of new fish species into freshwater sources, anthropogenic factors such as hydropower also have a significant impact on fish development.
Vertical Distribution of Alkanes in the Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic Sediments of the Borovoye Oil Field
Authors: Korzhov Yu. , Starikov A. , Kuzina M. , Romanova T.
Published: June 2022

This research continues a series of studies on the migration of various classes of petroleum hydrocarbons in productive strata (these are Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits) on the Borovaya Area in Western Siberia. In the bitumen obtained from well core samples, the content and molecular mass distribution of hydrocarbons were determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry: alkylbenzenes of the composition C8–C34; biarenes, including naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, dimethylnaphthalenes; triarenes, including phenanthrene, methylphenanthrenes. The research considered the interlayers movement of arenes from the Upper Jurassic oil accumulation zone to the over- and underlying strata. According to the prospects of Cretaceous deposits of the Borovoye oil field, the study confirms the conclusions of the authors’ early publications. Hydrocarbons come from the Jurassic reservoirs to the Cretaceous very little. The migration of light (up to C20) components is recorded, which are dispersed over the rock layers, which may indirectly indicate the absence of geological conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons and the formation of non-structural deposits in the Lower Cretaceous section of the Borovaya Area.
Design and Analysis of Antireflection Layer on the Surface of Crystalline Silicon Solar cell
Authors: Zhao Yilie
Published: June 2022

With the positive development of photovoltaic technology, improving efficiency and reducing cost has become a global problem facing the solar industry. The development of solar cell anti-reflection film can significantly reduce the reflection of sunlight on the surface of the battery, increase the flux of light entering the battery, and create more photo-generated carriers, which is the most economical and effective way to improve the efficiency of the battery. More photo-generated carriers are produced, which is the most economical and effective way to improve the efficiency of batteries. Therefore, it’s of great value to explore a performance-matched antireflective film material for solar cells and its preparation process. The plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride antireflective coatings has been widely used in photovoltaic industry. The aim is to form an antireflection film on the surface of crystalline silicon solar cells and achieve good passivation effect. The thickness and refractive index of the antireflective film have an important influence on the performance of the battery. It is of great significance to explore the optimum technological conditions for preparing the optimum thin films. Considering the optical properties, stability, preparation process and production cost of antireflective film materials, the influence of antireflective film on the output characteristics of solar cells was studied by using PC1D simulation software.
Improving the Analysis of Financial Instruments and Reserves of Commercial Banks
Authors: Wu Wei
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the issues of improving the analysis of financial instruments and reserves of commercial banks. It also provides guidance on allowances for expected credit losses either over 12 months or over the life of the instrument, depending on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. The estimate of expected credit losses reflects a probability-weighted outcome, the time value of money and forward-looking information. The need to take into account forward-looking information involves taking into account the impact of changes in macroeconomic factors on expected credit losses.
Modern Challenges and Trends in the Financial and Credit Sphere of the Economy in Commercial Banks of Uzbekistan
Authors: Arzumanyan Stella
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the issues of economic relations arising in the activities of commercial banks in the securities market. As well as modern challenges and trends in the financial and credit sphere of the economy in commercial banks of Uzbekistan.
Dinden Mücerret Bir Tesellinin İmkânı Üzerine: İliyya Ebû Mâdî’nin Felsefetu’l-Hayat Kasidesi
Authors: Arslan Adnan
Published: June 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nin dağılma sürecine girdiği 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Lübnan, Suriye, Filistin ve Ürdün’den pek çok insan sosyopolitik nedenlerden dolayı Amerika’ya göç etmiştir. Kendilerini bir anda bambaşka bir dünyada bulan bu göçmenler arasında edebi yetkinliğe sahip olan yazarlar bir araya gelmiş ve dernekler kurmuşlardır. İleride “Mehcer Edebiyatı” olarak tanımlanacak bu entelektüel kesimin sundukları edebi ürünler, biçim ve muhtevaya getirdikleri açılımlarıyla edebiyat araştırmalarına konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mehcer edebiyatının öne çıkan isimlerinden olan İliyya Ebû Mâdî’nin hayata iyimser bakma çağrısında bulunan bir şiiri incelenmiştir. Şair şiirinde hayata olumlu bakabilmenin ilkelerini ve gerekçelerini savunmaktadır. Ölüm gibi kaçınılmaz bir gerçeğe dahi şairin iyimser bakmaya çalıştığı fakat bunu yaparken dini referanslara atıfta bulunmadığı dikkatimizi çekmiştir. Şiirin tümüne bakıldığında, ölüm başta olmak üzere türlü musibetler karşısında insanın hayatta ihtiyaç duyduğu gerçek teselli ve dayanak noktasının dinden soyutlanmış bir bakış açısıyla elde edilebileceği iddiası anlaşılmaktadır. Zira şair yeniden diriliş, cennet, tevekkül, sevap gibi dini kavramları kullanmaksızın zorluklara göğüs germeyi ve ölümden korkmamayı tavsiye etmektedir. Çalışmada böyle bir iyimserlik ve tesellinin imkânı mezkûr şiir üzerinden tartışılmıştır.
Osmanlı Medreselerinden Dârülfünûn İlahiyat Fakültesi’ne Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi Dersleri
Authors: Ayar Talip
Published: June 2022

Bu makalenin amacı, Osmanlı medreseleri ile Dârülfünûn’un ilahiyat eğitimi veren kısımlarında okutulan Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi derslerini incelemektir. Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi dersleri, Osmanlı medreselerinin örgün eğitim programına 1910 yılında girmiştir. Sözü edilen dersler bu tarihten önce medrese haricindeki yaygın eğitim faaliyetlerinde okutulmuştur. 1910’daki ilk tecrübenin ardından Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi dersleri medreselerin kapatıldığı 1924 yılına kadar ders programlarında yer almıştır. Bu dersler, ders programlarında bazen iki ayrı ders olarak bulunmuş, bazen de Siyer’in konuları İslâm Tarihi’nin içerisinde anlatılmıştır. Dârülfünûn’a gelince, bu kurumda ilahiyat alanına giren derslerin okutulduğu Ulûm-ı Âliye-i Dîniyye Şubesi 1900 yılında açılmıştır. Daha sonra onun yerini alarak benzer misyonu üstlenen Ulûm-ı Şer‘iyye Şubesi ve İlahiyat Fakültesi, Dârülfünûn bünyesinde faaliyet yürütmüştür. Dârülfünûn’un İlahiyat eğitimi veren her üç kısmında da Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi dersleri okutulmuştur. Medreselerde olduğu gibi Dârülfünûn’da da Siyer dersi, ders programlarında bazen İslâm Tarihi’nden ayrı olarak bulunmuş, bazen de onun konuları İslâm Tarihi’nin içerisinde işlenmiştir. Bu uygulama Dârülfünûn İlahiyat Fakültesi’nin kapatıldığı tarihe kadar devam etmiştir.
Siyasî Bir Mühendislik Projesi Olarak Karşı Mihne Uygulamaları
Authors: Genç Mustafa , Kartaloğlu Habib
Published: June 2022

İslam tarihinde mihne denildiğinde halku’l-Kur’ân tartışmaları bağlamında Abbâsî halifesi Me’mûn döneminde yapılan uygulamalar akla gelmektedir. Ancak sonraki dönemlerde bizzat Hanbelîler tarafından diğer mezhep mensuplarına benzer uygulamalar yapılmıştır. İslam tarihinde “karşı mihne” olarak ifade edilebilecek bu uygulamaların birçok örneği bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede üç karşı mihne uygulamasına yer verilmiştir. Bunlardan ilki, Hanbelîlerin hicrî beşinci asırda Abbâsîlerin başkenti Bağdat’ta İbn Akîl’e uyguladıkları karşı mihnedir. İkincisi, aynı dönemde ve aynı şehirde yaşayan Eş‘arî Ebû Nasr el-Kuşeyrî’ye uygulanan karşı mihnedir. Üçüncüsü de Eyyûbî ve Memlüklülerin önemli ilim merkezlerinden biri olan Şam’da yaşamış Eş‘arî İzz b. Abdüsselâm’a Hanbelî mezhebine mensup olanların uygulamış olduğu baskılardır. Makalede Hanbelîlerin halku’l-Kur’ân konusunu sürekli canlı tutarak karşı mihne sürecinde nasıl kullandıkları ve uygulamalar esnasında devlet-ulemâ ilişkilerinin Hanbelî-Eş‘arî ilişkileri arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl etkilediği üzerinde durulmuştur.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE VIOLATION OF COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES IN THE FILM AVENGERS
Authors: Wildan Deyana Nika , Rejeki Sari , Taufik M
Published: June 2022

This research is an analysis on the violation of cooperative principles in the movie  Avengers that also describes the type of violation of cooperative principle contained in every conversation in the movie.  The research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this research is the conversation that occurs in the movie Avengers, whilst the object of this research is the data containing forms of every conversation violations of the cooperative principle in the movie Avengers. The technique used in collecting data is called note technique. The data obtained is classified based on the form of violation of cooperative principles. The result of the research shows that the form of violation of the cooperative principle that occurs in the Avengers movie consists of four maxims: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of manner. The violation on the maxim of cooperation occurs because of the same knowledge held by the speech participants and the speech partners in discussing a problem, clarifying information, and changing the subject.Keywords: Violations of cooperative principles, maxim, movie, avengers.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOMEN'S STEREOTYPE AND MASCULINITY THROUGH THE STUDY OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL MOANA BY SUZANNA FRANCES
Authors: Yunita Denisa , Setyowati H. Agnes , Widisanti S Ni Made
Published: June 2022

The main topic of this research is the relationship of stereotypes and masculinity of woman which is discussed based on a study of the main character in the novel Moana by Suzanna Francis. The research process uses intrinsic elements: characters, settings, conflicts, irony, and symbol, as well as extrinsic elements: gender, masculinity-femininity, stereotypes and symbolic violence. This research uses descriptive analytical methods and literature study techniques that produce stereotype findings that cause masculine trait of characters in the main character. The main character, suffered gender injustice of stereotypes and symbolic violence which can be seen from her father’s prohibition to let her go outside the reef. Upon the agreement, the main character was encouraged to go outside the reef by carrying out the mission of recovering and saving inhabitants of the village.Keywords: Masculine, stereotypes, gender injustice, symbolic violence, and woman.
Analisis Penggunaan Kaomoji Pada Kalimat Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Trianto Roby , Fitriana Rina , Karyati Alo
Published: June 2022

Skripsi ini membahas tentang penggunaan  kaomoji pada kalimat bahasa Jepang yang dianalisis secara mendalam berdasarkan tujuan dan fungsinya. Objek penelitian ini adalah salah satu media sosial yakni twitter, dengan memfokuskan kepada satu akun yaitu @Uchida_maaya. Pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah penyebab kesalahpahaman dalam twitter dalam akun @Uchida_maaya, dan juga akan membahas tentang tujuan dan fungsi apa saja yang sering digunakan oleh Uchida dalam akun twitter-nya tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptitf, sumber data pada pembahasan ini diambil dari  twitter, buku-buku linguistik, kamus, dan jurnal. Diantaranya: Dasar-Dasar Linguistik Bahasa Jepang,  Nonverbal  Communication  in  Human  Interaction,  Ilmu  Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar, Psikologi Komunikasi, Web no Kigou Kaomoji Emoji, The Role of Emoticon in Computer-Mediated Communication. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, berdasarkan penelitian Derks Djaante tentang motivasi penggunaan  emoticon, tujuan  yang paling banyak dipakai oleh Uchida dalam akun twitter-nya adalah mengekspresikan emosi, dan fungsi yang banyak digunakan berdasarkan teori Ekhman adalah sebagai pelengkap.Kata kunci : Kaomoji, Pesan verbal, Pesan Nonverbal
Analisis Sikap Tsundere Tokoh Utama Dalam Drama Hana Yori Dango
Authors: Utami Diah Putri , Fitriana Rina , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti
Published: June 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur intrinsik yang terdapat dalam drama Hana Yori Dango, menganalisis sikap tsundere tokoh utama, serta jenis tsundere tokoh utama dalam drama Hana Yori Dango. Objek penelitian ini adalah drama  yang ditayangkan  pada tahun 2005  berjudul  Hana Yori Dango season 1. Analisis difokuskan pada unsur-unsur intrinsik dengan menggunakan teori Nurgiyantoro. Sedangkan sikap tsundere dan jenis tsundere yang terdapat pada drama tersebut dianalisis menggunakan  teori Togashi Junichi, Senko K. Maynard, Patrick W. Galbraith, dan Doan. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu metode yang menjabarkan beberapa gambaran  dan  fakta  kemudian  menyimpulkannya.  Tujuan  dari  penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sikap tsundere  pada tokoh utama dan jenis tsundere tokoh utama dalam drama Hana Yori Dango. Penelitian ini mengambil dari berbagai sumber seperti buku-buku, jurnal, dan internet.Kata kunci : Tsundere, sikap, drama.
Analisis Alih Kode dan Campur Kode dalam Video Youtube Kenta Yamaguchi
Authors: Maulida Rasya , Sudjianto Sudjianto , Karyati Alo
Published: June 2022

This study examines Code Switching and Code Mixing in Kenta Yamaguchi's Youtube Videos. The purpose of this study is to describe the form and causes of code switching and code mixing used by Kenta Yamaguchi in each of his videos. The data collection technique in this research is the free-of-conversation listening technique and the library study technique, namely by reading reference books related to Code Switching and Code Mixing, then watching a Youtube video hosted by Kenta Yamaguchi. The method that the author uses is a descriptive method, namely by setting several video parts to get data from Kenta's dialogue and analyze it. Based on the results of the analysis of 12 data found, there are 6 data in the form of code switching and 5 data in the form of code mixing. All forms of code switching are external code switching in the form of sentences and words. Factors causing code switching are third person factors, situations, listeners, wanting to show their identity and learning. The form of code mixing is in the form of word insertion elements, dialects and clauses. The causative factor of code mixing is the factor because it wants to show its learning, situation, habits and relaxation.
Analisis Interaksi Sosial yang Dialami Hāfu di Jepang
Authors: Rahmawati Yelni , Fitriana Rina , Sutisna Ilona Rahel
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang interaksi sosial manusia, lebih tepatnya menganalisis interaksi sosial yang dialami oleh hāfu di Jepang. Hāfu itu sendiri adalah sebuah istilah yang merujuk kepada seseorang berdarah campuran Jepang dengan ‘X’ atau negara lain. Hāfu, dianggap berbeda dari orang Jepang, dalam periode yang terbilang cukup lama. Namun, penulis ingin mencari tahu apakah interaksi sosial yang dialami oleh hāfu pada saat ini serta menjadikan penelitian ini sebagai salah satu suara atas pengalaman dan pendapat orang campuran yang tidak terdengar oleh Pemerintah Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan sumber data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam kepada 15 hāfu dan 1 orang Jepang, serta triangulasi data menggunakan kuesioner.. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa saat ini pun, banyak dari proses interaksi sosial yang terjadi antara hāfu dengan orang Jepang merupakan hasil yang terbilang buruk karena masih adanya pengaruh Nihonjinron yang tertanam di dalam masyarakat Jepang. Sebagaimana Nihonjinron itu seperti peraturan dasar keunikan Jepang, maka masih ada orang Jepang, yang menjadikan Nihonjinron sebagai tolak ukur dalam kehidupan, berperilaku dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain, yaitu salah satunya hāfu, mereka yang masih dirasa bukan ‘Jepang sepenuhnya’.
Hubungan NEET dan Hikikomori dengan Budaya Amae dalam Anime Welcome to NHK!?
Authors: Susanti Helen , Yohanes Yohanes , Rukhyana Budi
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) dan Hikikomori dengan budaya Amae dalam anime yang berjudul Welcome to the N.H.K!?. Dalam anime ini diperlihatkan tokoh NEET sekaligus juga pelaku Hikikomori. Banyak hal yang menjadi penyebab fenomena NEET dan Hikikomori muncul di Jepang. Penulis menghubungkan fenomena ini dengan konsep budaya Amae, yang secara harfiah bisa diartikan ketergantungan emosional. Dalam penelitian ini melihat bahwa penyebabnya adalah sikap Amae dari tokoh utama terhadap anggota keluarganya. Setelah anggota keluarganya menghentikan sikap Amae tersebut, akhirnya memaksa tokoh utama untuk berhenti menjadi NEET dan mulai mencari pekerjaan.
APAKAH PEMUDA DESA MENGETAHUI OBYEK WISATA DI DESANYA? Gambaran Pengetahuan Pemuda Tentang Potensi Wisata Desa Ciasmara Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Nugraha Yogaprasta Adi , Nugroho David Rizar , Siregar Mariana Rista Ananda , Dewi Restu Maharani
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to identify the perception of rural youth on tourism potential in Ciasmara Village. In addition, this study also tries to describe individual characteristics, frequency of visits to tourist objects, analyse the relationship between individual characteristics and frequency of visits with youth perceptions. Indicators on individual characteristics include age, gender, and level of education. Indicators on the frequency of youth visits include the frequency of visits to waterfalls and the frequency of visits to hot springs. The research was carried out in Ciasmara Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency from April 2019 to August 2020. This method uses two approaches, namely a Survey approach to see the distribution of perceptions. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique with descriptive-correlational quantitative methods, descriptive statistical data analysis techniques and non-parametric statistics (Rank Spearman Chi-Square). This research found that youth in Ciasmara village have a positive perception of tourism potential in Ciasmara village but from the results of in-depth interviews it was also found that there are several challenges that need to be considered if they want to develop Ciasmara Village as a tourist village
Compensatory Responses During Slip-Induced Perturbation in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Compared With Healthy Older Adults: An Increased Risk of Falls?
Authors: Ren Xiping , Lutter Christoph , Kebbach Maeruan , Bruhn Sven , Yang Qining , Bader Rainer , Tischer Thomas
Published: June 2022

Background: Functional impairment of the knee joint affected by osteoarthritis and loss of muscle strength leads to a significant increase in the number of falls. Nevertheless, little is known about strategies for coping with gait perturbations in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Thus, this study aimed to examine the compensatory strategies of patients with KOA in response to a backward slip perturbation compared with healthy older adults.

Methods: An automated perturbation program was developed by using D-Flow software based on the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab, and an induced backward slip perturbation was implemented on nine patients with severe KOA (68.89 ± 3.59 years) and 15 age-matched healthy older adults (68.33 ± 3.29 years). Step length, gait speed, range of motion, vertical ground reaction forces, lower extremity joint angles, and joint moments were computed and analyzed.

Results: Compared with older adults, patients with KOA had significantly lower step length, gait speed, and vertical ground reaction forces in both normal walking and the first recovery step following backward slip perturbations. Inadequate flexion and extension of joint angles and insufficient generation of joint moments predispose patients with KOA to fall. Hip extension angle and flexion moment, knee range of motion, and vertical ground reaction forces are key monitoring variables.

Conclusion: The risk of falls for patients with KOA in response to backward slip perturbations is higher. Patients with KOA should focus not only on quadriceps muscle strength related to knee range of motion but also on improving hip extensor strength and activation through specific exercises. Targeted resistance training and perturbation-based gait training could be better options.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Biofilters for Composting Exhaust Ammonia Removal
Authors: Shang Bin , Zhou Tanlong , Tao Xiuping , Chen Yongxing
Published: June 2022

Emissions of odorous compounds, such as ammonia (NH3), from composting have negative agronomic and environmental impacts. A biofilter is widely used for NH3 removal, with one of its potential detrimental by-products being nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a higher warming potential greenhouse gas (GHG). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of empty bed retention time (EBRT) on GHG emissions from biofilters for removing NH3 from composting. Composting experimental trials lasted 6 weeks, and composting materials were mixtures of dead pigs and manure. Three groups of biofilters with 1.2 m-height, 0.3 m-inner diameter, and 1.0 m media depth were conducted with EBRT of 30, 60, and 100s, respectively. Each treatment was performed in triplicate, and the gas was monitored using the dynamic emission vessel method. The Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between inlet concentrations (ICs) of NH3 and increased N2O concentrations: ρ = 0.707, 0.762, and 0.607 with p ≤ 0.0001 for biofilters with EBRT of 30, 60, and 100s, respectively. The fraction of NH3-N denitrified into N2O-N in biofilters with EBRT of 60 and 100s was higher than that with EBRT of 30s. The total global warming potential (GWP) increased by 126%, 162%, and 144% for biofilters with EBRT of 30, 60, and 100s, respectively. These results indicated that biofilters with longer EBRT will lead to higher GWP production. Future research on odorous mitigation for composting with biofilters should focus more on greenhouse gas emissions.
Chemotherapy- and Immune-Related Gene Panel in Prognosis Prediction and Immune Microenvironment of SCLC
Authors: Chen Meng-Yu , Zeng Yue-Can , Zhao Xi-He
Published: June 2022

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly proliferative, invasive lung cancer with poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is still the standard first-line treatment for SCLC, but many patients relapse due to chemoresistance. Along with advances in immunology, it is essential to investigate potential indicators of the immune response and the prognosis of SCLC. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified 313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SCLC and normal lung samples, and we found that four upregulated genes (TOP2A, CDKN2A, BIRC5, and MSH2) were associated with platinum resistance, while immune-related genes (HLA family genes) were downregulated in SCLC. Then, a prognostic prediction model was constructed for SCLC based on those genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that antigen presentation was weak in SCLC, and TOP2A expression was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells, while HLA-ABC expression was positively correlated with M1 macrophages, memory B cells, and CD8+ T cells. We also found that TOP2A was related to poor prognosis and inversely correlated with HLA-ABC, which was verified with immunohistochemical staining in 151 SCLC specimens. Our study findings indicated that TOP2A may be a potential prognosis indicator and a target to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of SCLC.
Unconventional Protein Secretion in Brain Tumors Biology: Enlightening the Mechanisms for Tumor Survival and Progression
Authors: Iglesia Rebeca Piatniczka , Prado Mariana Brandão , Alves Rodrigo Nunes , Escobar Maria Isabel Melo , Fernandes Camila Felix de Lima , Fortes Ailine Cibele dos Santos , Souza Maria Clara da Silva , Boccacino Jacqueline Marcia , Cangiano Giovanni , Soares Samuel Ribeiro , Araújo João Pedro Alves de , Tiek Deanna Marie , Goenka Anshika , Song Xiao , Keady Jack Ryan , Hu Bo , Cheng Shi Yuan , Lopes Marilene Hohmuth
Published: June 2022

Non-canonical secretion pathways, collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS), are alternative secretory mechanisms usually associated with stress-inducing conditions. UPS allows proteins that lack a signal peptide to be secreted, avoiding the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex secretory pathway. Molecules that generally rely on the canonical pathway to be secreted may also use the Golgi bypass, one of the unconventional routes, to reach the extracellular space. UPS studies have been increasingly growing in the literature, including its implication in the biology of several diseases. Intercellular communication between brain tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment is orchestrated by various molecules, including canonical and non-canonical secreted proteins that modulate tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Adult brain tumors such as gliomas, which are aggressive and fatal cancers with a dismal prognosis, could exploit UPS mechanisms to communicate with their microenvironment. Herein, we provide functional insights into the UPS machinery in the context of tumor biology, with a particular focus on the secreted proteins by alternative routes as key regulators in the maintenance of brain tumors.
N6-Methyladenosine Modification Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Immune Characteristics Associated With Clinical Prognosis Analysis in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Meijing Zhang , Tianhang Luo , Biao Yang
Published: June 2022

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a part of epigenetic research that has gained increasing attention in recent years. m6A modification is widely involved in many biological behaviors of intracellular RNA by regulating mRNA, thus affecting disease progression and tumor occurrence. However, the effects of m6A modification on immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are uncertain in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods: The Cancer Genome Map (TCGA) database was used to download transcriptome data, clinicopathological data, and survival data for m6A-regulated genes in 433 STAD tissues that meet the requirements of this study. GSE84437 data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The correlation between 23 m6A regulated genes was analyzed using R software. Sample clustering analysis was carried out on the genes of the m6A regulatory factor, and survival analysis and differentiation comparison were made for patients in clustering grouping. Then, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and other methods were conducted to assess the correlation among m6A modification patterns, TME cell infiltration characteristics, and immune infiltration markers. The m6A modification pattern of individual tumors was quantitatively evaluated using the m6A score scheme of the principal component analysis (PCA).

Results: From the TCGA database, 94/433 (21.71%) samples were somatic cell mutations, and ZC3H13 mutations are the most common. Based on the consensus, matrix k-3 is an optimal clustering stability value to identify three different clusters. Three types of m6A methylation modification patterns were significantly different in immune infiltration. Thus, 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The survival analysis of the m6A score found that patients in the high m6A score group had a better prognosis than those in the low m6A score group. Further analysis of the survival curve combining tumor mutation burden (TMB) and m6A scores revealed that patients had a significantly lower prognosis in the low tumor mutant group and the low m6A score group (p = 0.003). The results showed that PD-L1 was significantly higher in the high m6A score group than in the low score group (p < 2.22e-16). The high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) subtype score was significantly different from the other two groups.

Conclusions: This study systematically evaluated the modification patterns of 23 m6A regulatory factors in STAD. The m6A modification pattern may be a critical factor leading to inhibitory changes and heterogeneity in TME. This elucidated the TME infiltration characteristics in patients with STAD through the evaluation of the m6A modification pattern.
NADPH Oxidases Play a Role in Pathogenicity via the Regulation of F-Actin Organization in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Wenfeng , He Chaozu , Luo Hongli , An Bang , Wang Qiannan
Published: June 2022

Multiunit-flavoenzyme NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play multiple roles in living cells via regulating signaling pathways. In several phytopathogenic fungi, NOXs are required for the polarized growth of hyphal tips and pathogenicity to host plants, but the possible mechanisms are still elusive. In our previous study, CgNOXA, CgNOXB, and CgNOXR were identified as components of the NOX complex in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The growth and the inoculation assays revealed that CgNOXA/B and CgNOXR regulate vegetative growth and are required for the full pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides to Hevea leaves. We further demonstrated that the vital roles of CgNOXB and CgNOXR in appressorium formation and the development of invasion hyphae account for their functions in pathogenicity. Moreover, CgNOXB and CgNOXR regulate the production and distribution of ROS in hyphal tips and appressoria, control the specialized remodeling of F-actin in hyphal tips and appressoria, and are involved in fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of NOXs in fungal pathogenicity through the organization of the actin cytoskeleton.
Porcine Sapelovirus 3Cpro Inhibits the Production of Type I Interferon
Authors: Yin Mengge , Wen Wei , Wang Haoyuan , Zhao Qiongqiong , Zhu Hechao , Chen Huanchun , Li Xiangmin , Qian Ping
Published: June 2022

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is the causative pathogen of reproductive obstacles, acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, or severe polioencephalomyelitis in swine. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity and pathogenic mechanism of PSV infection are not fully understood, which hinders disease prevention and control. In this study, we found that PSV was sensitive to type I interferon (IFN-β). However, PSV could not activate the IFN-β promoter and induce IFN-β mRNA expression, indicating that PSV has evolved an effective mechanism to block IFN-β production. Further study showed that PSV inhibited the production of IFN-β by cleaving mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) and degrading melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) through viral 3Cpro. In addition, our study demonstrated that PSV 3Cpro degrades MDA5 and TBK1 through its protease activity and cleaves MAVS through the caspase pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that PSV inhibits the production of type I interferon to escape host antiviral immunity through cleaving and degrading the adaptor molecules.
Mucosal Vaccination: A Promising Alternative Against Flaviviruses
Authors: Luria-Pérez Rosendo , Sánchez-Vargas Luis A. , Muñoz-López Paola , Mellado-Sánchez Gabriela
Published: June 2022

The Flaviviridae are a family of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses, and their members belong to a single genus, Flavivirus. Flaviviruses are found in mosquitoes and ticks; they are etiological agents of: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, Zika virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever, among others. Only a few flavivirus vaccines have been licensed for use in humans: yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease. However, improvement is necessary in vaccination strategies and in understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved either in the infection or after vaccination. This is especially important in dengue, due to the immunological complexity of its four serotypes, cross-reactive responses, antibody-dependent enhancement, and immunological interference. In this context, mucosal vaccines represent a promising alternative against flaviviruses. Mucosal vaccination has several advantages, as inducing long-term protective immunity in both mucosal and parenteral tissues. It constitutes a friendly route of antigen administration because it is needle-free and allows for a variety of antigen delivery systems. This has promoted the development of several ways to stimulate immunity through the direct administration of antigens (e.g., inactivated virus, attenuated virus, subunits, and DNA), non-replicating vectors (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, bacterial ghosts, and defective-replication viral vectors), and replicating vectors (e.g.,Salmonella enterica,Lactococcus lactis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and viral vectors). Because of these characteristics, mucosal vaccination has been explored for immunoprophylaxis against pathogens that enter the host through mucosae or parenteral areas. It is suitable against flaviviruses because this type of immunization can stimulate the parenteral responses required after bites from flavivirus-infected insects. This review focuses on the advantages of mucosal vaccine candidates against the most relevant flaviviruses in either humans or animals, providing supporting data on the feasibility of this administration route for future clinical trials.
Genome-Resolved Characterization of Structure and Potential Functions of the Zebrafish Stool Microbiome
Authors: Kayani Masood ur Rehman , Zaidi Syed Shujaat Ali , Feng Ru , Yu Kan , Qiu Yushu , Yu Xiaogang , Chen Lei , Huang Lisu
Published: June 2022

Zebrafish have been used as a model organism for more than 50 years and are considered an excellent model for studying host-microbiome interactions. However, this largely depends on our understanding of the zebrafish gut microbiome itself. Despite advances in sequencing and data analysis methods, the zebrafish gut microbiome remains highly understudied. This study performed the de novo metagenome assembly and recovery of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) through genome binning (and refinement) of the contigs assembled from the zebrafish stool. The results indicate that majority of the MAGs had excellent quality i.e. high completeness (≥90%) and low contamination levels (≤5%). MAGs mainly belong to the taxa that are known to be members of the core zebrafish stool microbiome, including the phylum Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota. However, most of the MAGs remained unclassified at the species level and reflected previously unexplored microbial taxa and their potential novelty. These MAGs also contained genes with predicted functions associated with diverse metabolic pathways that included carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism pathways. Lastly, we performed a comparative analysis of Paucibacter MAGs and reference genomes that highlighted the presence of novel Paucibacter species and enriched metabolic potential in the recovered MAGs.
Metagenomic Analyses of Multiple Gut Datasets Revealed the Association of Phage Signatures in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zuo Wenxuan , Michail Sonia , Sun Fengzhu
Published: June 2022

The association of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the human gut microbiome dysbiosis has been the focus of several studies in the past. Many bacterial taxa have been shown to have differential abundance among CRC patients compared to healthy controls. However, the relationship between CRC and non-bacterial gut microbiome such as the gut virome is under-studied and not well understood. In this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the association of viral abundances with CRC using metagenomic shotgun sequencing data of 462 CRC subjects and 449 healthy controls from 7 studies performed in 8 different countries. Despite the high heterogeneity, our results showed that the virome alpha diversity was consistently higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls (p-value <0.001). This finding is in sharp contrast to previous reports of low alpha diversity of prokaryotes in CRC compared to healthy controls. In addition to the previously known association of Podoviridae, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae with CRC, we further demonstrate that Herelleviridae, a newly constructed viral family, is significantly depleted in CRC subjects. Our interkingdom association analysis reveals a less intertwined correlation between the gut virome and bacteriome in CRC compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we show that the viral abundance profiles can be used to accurately predict CRC disease status (AUROC >0.8) in both within-study and cross-study settings. The combination of training sets resulted in rather generalized and accurate prediction models. Our study clearly shows that subjects with colorectal cancer harbor a distinct human gut virome profile which may have an important role in this disease.
Aedes aegypti Aag-2 Cell Proteome Modulation in Response to Chikungunya Virus Infection
Authors: Vasconcellos Anna Fernanda , Melo Reynaldo Magalhães , Mandacaru Samuel Coelho , de Oliveira Lucas Silva , de Oliveira Athos Silva , Moraes Emily Caroline dos Santos , Trugilho Monique Ramos de Oliveira , Ricart Carlos André Ornelas , Báo Sônia Nair , Resende Renato Oliveira , Charneau Sébastien
Published: June 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single-stranded positive RNA virus that belongs to the genus Alphavirus and is transmitted to humans by infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus bites. In humans, CHIKV usually causes painful symptoms during acute and chronic stages of infection. Conversely, virus–vector interaction does not disturb the mosquito’s fitness, allowing a persistent infection. Herein, we studied CHIKV infection of Ae. aegypti Aag-2 cells (multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1) for 48 h through label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images showed a high load of intracellular viral cargo at 48 h postinfection (hpi), as well as an unusual elongated mitochondria morphology that might indicate a mitochondrial imbalance. Proteome analysis revealed 196 regulated protein groups upon infection, which are related to protein synthesis, energy metabolism, signaling pathways, and apoptosis. These Aag-2 proteins regulated during CHIKV infection might have roles in antiviral and/or proviral mechanisms and the balance between viral propagation and the survival of host cells, possibly leading to the persistent infection.