bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IGF2 drives formation of ileal neuroendocrine tumors in patients and mice
Authors: Contractor Tanupriya , Clausen Richard , Harris Grant R , Rosenfeld Jeffrey A , Carpizo Darren R , Tang Laura , Harris Chris R
Published: January 2020

By the strictest of definitions, a genetic driver of tumorigenesis should fulfill two criteria: it should be altered in a high percentage of patient tumors, and it should also be able to cause the same type of tumor to form in mice. No gene that fits either of these criteria has ever been found for ileal neuroendocrine tumors (I-NETs), which in humans are known for an unusual lack of recurrently mutated genes, and which have never been detected in mice. In the following report, we show that I-NETs can be generated by transgenic RT2 mice, which is a classic model for a genetically unrelated disease, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The ability of RT2 mice to generate I-NETs depended upon genetic background. I-NETs appeared in a B6AF1 genetic background, but not in a B6 background nor even in an AB6F1 background. AB6F1 and B6AF1 have identical nuclear DNA but can potentially express different allelic forms of imprinted genes. This led us to test human I-NETs for loss of imprinting, and we discovered that the IGF2 gene showed loss of imprinting and increased expression in the I-NETs of 57% of patients. By increasing IGF2 activity genetically, I-NETs could be produced by RT2 mice in a B6 genetic background, which otherwise never developed I-NETs. The facts that IGF2 is altered in a high percentage of patients with I-NETs and that I-NETs can form in mice that have elevated IGF2 activity, define IGF2 as the first genetic driver of ileal neuroendocrine tumorigenesis.
A Review of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Disease
Authors: Clift Paul F. , Cervi Elena
Published: January 2020

Aortic diseases may be diagnosed after a long period of subclinical development or they may have an acute presentation. Acute aortic syndrome is often the first sign of the disease, which needs rapid diagnosis and decision making to reduce the extremely poor prognosis. Aortic dilatation is a well-recognised risk factor for acute events and can occur as a result of trauma, infection, or, most commonly, from an intrinsic abnormality in the elastin and collagen components of the aortic wall. Over the years it has become clear that a few monogenic syndromes are strongly associated with aneurysms and often dictate a severe presentation in younger patients while the vast majority have a multifactorial pathogenesis. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors and ageing play an important role. Management strategy is based on prevention consisting of regular follow-up with cross-sectional imaging, chemoprophylaxis of further dilatation with drugs proved to slow down the disease progression and preventative surgery when dimension exceeds internationally recognised cut-off values for aortic diameters and the risk of rupture/dissection is therefore deemed very high.
Role of small proliferative adipocytes: possible beige cell progenitors
Authors: Taguchi Koichiro , Kajita Kazuo , Kitada Yoshihiko , Fuwa Masayuki , Asano Motochika , Ikeda Takahide , Kajita Toshiko , Ishizuka Tatsuo , Kojima Itaru , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: January 2020

Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying adipogenesis are not fully understood. We previously identified proliferative cells in adipose tissue expressing adipocyte-specific genes, which were named small proliferative adipocytes (SPA). In this study, we investigated the characteristics and roles of SPA in adipose tissue. Epididymal and inguinal fat was digested by collagenase, and then SPA were separated by centrifugation from stromal vascular cells (SVC) and mature white adipocytes. To clarify the feature of gene expression in SPA, microarray and real-time PCR were performed. The expression of adipocyte-specific genes and several neuronal genes was increased in the order of SVC < SPA < mature white adipocytes. In addition, proliferin was detected only in SPA. SPA differentiated more effectively into lipid-laden cells than SVC. Moreover, differentiated SPA expressed uncoupling protein 1 and mitochondria-related genes more than differentiated SVC. Treatment of SPA with pioglitazone and CL316243, a specific β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, differentiated SPA into beige-like cells. Therefore, SPA are able to differentiate into beige cells. SPA isolated from epididymal fat (epididymal SPA), but not SPA from inguinal fat (inguinal SPA), expressed a marker of visceral adipocyte precursor, WT1. However, no significant differences were detected in the expression levels of adipocyte-specific genes or neuronal genes between epididymal and inguinal SPA. The ability to differentiate into lipid-laden cells in epididymal SPA was a little superior to that in inguinal SPA, whereas the ability to differentiate into beige-like cells was greater in inguinal SPA than epididymal SPA. In conclusion, SPA may be progenitors of beige cells.
ETV2-null porcine embryos survive to post-implantation following incomplete enucleation
Authors: Maeng Geunho , Gong Wuming , Das Satyabrata , Yannopoulos Demetris , Garry Daniel J , Garry Mary G
Published: January 2020

Blind enucleation is used in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to remove the metaphase II (MII) spindle from the oocyte. Deviation of the MII spindle location, however, leads to incomplete enucleation (IE). Here, we report that the rate of complete enucleation (CE) using the blind method was 80.2 ± 1.7%, although this significantly increased when the polar body-MII deviation was minimized (≦45°). While it is established that IE embryos will not survive to full term, the effect of IE on early stage development is unknown. We have previously demonstrated in mice and pigs that ETV2 deletion results in embryonic lethality due to the lack of hematoendothelial lineages. We observed that ETV2-null cloned embryos derived from blindly and incompletely enucleated oocytes had both WT and mutant sequences at E18 and, using FISH analysis, we observed triploidy. We also compared SCNT embryos generated from either CE or intentionally IE oocytes using the spindle viewer system. We observed a higher in vitro blastocyst rate in the IE versus the CE-SCNT embryos (31.9 ± 3.2% vs 21.0 ± 2.1%). Based on known processes in normal fertilization, we infer that the IE-SCNT embryos extruded the haploid second PB after fusion with donor fibroblasts and formed a near-triploid aneuploid nucleus in each blastomere. These studies demonstrate the peri-implantation survival of residual haploid nuclei following IE and emphasize the need for complete enucleation especially for the analysis of SCNT embryos in the peri-implantation stage and will, further, impact the field of reverse xenotransplantation.
Resveratrol enhances decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Mestre Citrinovitz Ana Cecilia , Langer Laila , Strowitzki Thomas , Germeyer Ariane
Published: January 2020

The differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESC), named decidualization, is essential to regulate trophoblast invasion and to support pregnancy establishment and progression. Decidualization follows ESC proliferation and it has been described that cell cycle arrest contributes to a proper decidualization. Interestingly, resveratrol, a natural compound derived from grapes with antioxidant properties, has been widely studied in relation to endometrial health. However, little is known about the effect of resveratrol supplementation during decidualization. Therefore, in this study we evaluate the effect of resveratrol supplementation during decidualization. We used primary and immortalized human ESC and we decidualized them in vitro with a decidualization cocktail containing medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol and 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP. Pre-decidualized cells were further treated with the decidualization cocktail supplemented with resveratrol. Our results show that resveratrol supplementation increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the expression levels of prolactin and IGFBP1 (RT-PCR and ELISA), indicating an enhanced in vitro decidualization of human ESC. This enhanced decidualization was accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation (crystal violet and CellTiter proliferation assay) and by changes in the mRNA levels of key cell cycle regulators (RT-PCR). Furthermore, resveratrol supplementation seemed to enhance decidualization by reinforcing the effect of the decidualization cocktail. We believe that resveratrol could to be an effective supplementation to reinforce hormone action during human ESC decidualization and that further insights into resveratrol action and its interaction with estradiol and progesterone signaling pathways could facilitate the identification of new therapeutic strategies for the improvement of women’s health.
Ciclo hidrosocial y acceso al agua en la periferia de la ciudad de Morelia, México: Estudio de caso en La Aldea
Authors: García-Estrada Lorena , Hernández-Guerrero Juan
Published: January 2020

El agua es indispensable en el metabolismo de las ciudades, pero la acelerada expansión acentúa, hacia las periferias, problemas de acceso, distribución y calidad, los cuales suelen ser utilizados por actores con poder socio-político que debilitan el ciclo hidrosocial. El presente trabajo analizó el acceso al agua a través del ciclo hidrosocial en la periferia norte de la ciudad de Morelia, México, específicamente, en el asentamiento La Aldea. El objetivo se contestó con recorridos de campo, observaciones, entrevistas y encuestas. Los resultados indican estrés en el ciclo hidrosocial, donde el flujo es disímil y supeditado por movimientos políticos y desarrolladoras. Además, disminuyó la participación de la población e incrementó la compra de agua embotellada y camiones cisterna, mientras que la intervención de las autoridades es limitada y permisible.
Estudio de caso: Lajas Compartir, un acercamiento al desplazamiento ambiental en Costa Rica
Authors: Centeno-Morales Jacqueline , Vargas-Trejos Yendry , González-Varela Marianela , Alfaro-Orozco Estaban
Published: January 2020

El presente estudio de caso comprende el trabajo realizado por medio del Proyecto Desplazados Ambientales: nuevos procesos de exclusión en Costa Rica, ejecutado por el Instituto de Estudios Sociales en Población (IDESPO) de la Universidad Nacional. Describe el desplazamiento ambiental experimentado por la Comunidad de Calle Lajas, debido a un deslizamiento ocurrido el 3 de noviembre del 2010 que trajo como consecuencia pérdidas humanas y materiales, además la reubicación de la comunidad en la actual Lajas Compartir. La situación vivida por la comunidad permite realizar un censo a la población reubicada y entrevistas a actores involucrados; evidenciando con ambas técnicas los retos y aprendizajes en la gestión del riesgo y la atención a las poblaciones que viven el desplazamiento ambiental.
Procesos de pérdida y recuperación del contenido de carbono en biomasa aérea en las zonas forestales del área de protección de flora y fauna Nevado de Toluca en el periodo 2000-2013
Authors: Regil-García Héctor Hugo , Franco-Maass Sergio , Endara-Agramont Angel Rolando , Flamenco-Sandoval Alejandro Fidel , Espinoza-Maya Alejandra , Calderón-Contreras Rafael , Pérez-Vega Blanca Azucena
Published: January 2020

Los bosques templados de México están bajo fuertes presiones tanto por procesos biológicos como de explotación antrópica, aun si pertenecen a Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP’s). Para la evaluación de estos ecosistemas y sus procesos de deterioro no se cuenta con mecanismos de control que garanticen una mejora en su dinámica interna, por tanto, los estudios de ocupación de suelo son imprescindibles para entender dichos procesos, particularmente en el estrato arbóreo, y las funciones de captura y reservorio de carbono (C). Se calculó la biomasa y el contenido de C por hectárea de especies forestales predominantes (Pinus hartwegii, Abies religiosa, Quercus laurina y Alnus jorullensis) con datos representativos de 30 parcelas. Con los datos de densidad de arbolado por hectárea, dominancia de especies, densidad básica de la madera y factor de expansión de biomasa, se estimó el stock de Carbono de cada zona forestal. Se sobrepusieron los mapas de stockde C (2000 y 2013) y se obtuvieron las áreas en donde se presentan procesos de cambio en el stock de C. Los bosques con mayor pérdida de C son: Pinus hartwegii y Abies religiosa.
Efeitos da precipitação pluviométrica sobre a produção agrícola nos municípios de Belmonte e Ipiaú, estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Bahia de Aguiar Paulo César , Lima-Bruno Nelma , De Moura-Pires Mônica , Cabicieri-Profice Christiana , Domiciano-Galvíncio Josiclêda
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo comparar e analisar as influências dos padrões de precipitação pluviométrica, em dois períodos distintos de normais climatológicas (médias do acumulado mensal), sobre a produção agrícola dos municípios de Belmonte e Ipiaú, Bahia. Para isso, fez-se levantamento de dados secundários de natureza socioeconômica para caracterização socioeconômica dos municípios; séries históricas de dados pluviométricos, relativas aos períodos de 1956 a 1987, e 1996 a 2017 (Belmonte) e 1950 a 1979 e 1980 a 2008 (Ipiaú). Com isso, fez-se comparação e análise dos dois períodos e a evolução dos principais produtos agrícolas dos municípios, a fim de identificar as influências dos padrões de chuva na produção agrícola. Verificou-se que em Belmonte, na maior parte do período entre os anos de 2004 a 2015, houve diminuição no perfil total de chuva, e os principais produtos agrícolas apresentaram produção crescente ou estável. Em Ipiaú, observou-se que os picos de chuva dentro do total pluviométrico foram maiores no primeiro período analisado (1950 a 1979); e que excessos de chuva influenciaram negativamente alguns cultivos, sobretudo a produção de olerícolas cultivadas por pequenos e médios agricultores. Pode-se inferir que para os períodos analisados o padrão de pluviosidade pouco se alterou, e as mudanças observadas não afetaram a distribuição de chuvas ao longo do ano, mantendo-se relativamente bem distribuída.
ANTROPONYMICS OF PEREYASLAV CRAFTSMEN IN THE 1760s
Authors: Kovalenko Oksana
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the surnames and names of the Pereyaslav craftsmen. The analysis of personal names was made on the basis of the General Description of Left-bank Ukraine or Rumyantsev Register, conducted in 1766. The masters of 19 professions lived at that days in the city. Surnames of Ukrainian burghers were only fixed in the second half of the 18th century. All names of persons in Rumiantsev Register from Pereyaslav were two-lettered.According to the lexical-semantic basis, the surnames caт be divided into six groups:- surnames by occupation type (25,6 %);- anroponymic surnames by Christian name (24 %);- surnames on individual signs of a person (21,8%);- surnames formed on the basis of different household names (12,8%);- surnames formed on the basis of animals, fish, insects (8,5%);- surnames by toponyms or ethnonyms (4,5%).The first group was dominating. The surnames of craftsmen more depended on the profession, than surnames of other urban residents. In addition to cases where the first principle is interpreted unambiguously, the explanation of some surnames origin can only be hypothetical. In most cases, they directly pointed out the artistic occupation of the carrier or represented the professional appellatives fixed in the second generation. A group of masters, who bared a professional surname, but not of their specialty, was outlined. Most of them were butchers and tailors, and the least among this group were fullers and bonders. The surname, which at first glance is directly related to the production activity, could be fixed to the owner for other reasons. For example, a person did not produce goods, but traded in them.The names of all the Pereyaslav craftsmen were based on the Christian calendar name. The most common name is Ivan (12.7%). The prevalence of the names Kuzma and Demyan, who, by some ethnographers, could be holy patrons of shoemaker’s guild, was also considered. In 1766 foreigners were not registered among the Pereyaslav craftsmen.
DEPARTMENT STORE AS SPACE OF URBAN CONSUMPTION IN 1920-1930S IN SOVIET UKRAINE
Authors: Skubii Iryna
Published: January 2020

In the article, the features of department stores as trade establishments in Soviet Ukraine in 1920-1930s are examined. Department store is investigated as a unique space of urban consumption. It got the special place in ideology and propaganda and “fixed the victories and advantages of Soviet cultural trade”, the democratization of consumption. Department stores were to become a model of successful Soviet trade management and marketing. In urban space, department stores became the symbol of novelty, sufficiency and example for other trade institutions. Special attention is given to the transition in public discourse the image from “customer” to “consumer” during 1920-1930s. The innovativeness of univermags let to the use of modern tendencies in the arrangement of space, in particular, window displays and counters. It has been analyzed how department stores were equipped according to the last requirements of time with the help of mechanical devices and refrigeration units. The experience existence of universal type institutions was not as unique as it was in line with the world tendencies of trade modernization. But by borrowing and transforming the idea of universal trade into Soviet realities, the Bolshevik authorities gave it new meaning. In the Ukrainian department stores at that time a new commercial space was planned for the premises, showcases and counters were equipped, but despite these innovations, the shortage of goods, queues and state control of the market continued to remain. It has been concluded that state department stores could have become a model of successful Soviet management and marketing in the field of trade. Nevertheless, it was not enough to create a properly equipped store space, because consumer and department store was dependent on the ideological and economic policies of Soviet authorities. At the same time, the opening of department stores became a new stage in the development of Soviet trade, where the consumer could have become the main actor of these processes. However, in spite of this fact, during 1920-1930s a “new Soviet consumer” with its culture and consumption practices was created.
Tafsir Al-azhar : Menyelami Kedalaman Tasawuf Hamka
Authors: Hidayat Usep Taufik
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Mistisisme adalah bagian dari ilmu pengetahuan Islam yang menekankan pada nilai-nilai estetika, khususnya berbicara mengenai perilaku terhadap Tuhan dan manusia. Ketika Aisyah ditanya oleh seorang sahabat nabi Muhammad, ia berkata, “perilakunya adalah al-Qur’an”. Hamka dalam tafsirnya menyatakan bahwa hal yang paling penting dalam kutipan tersebut adalah etik (akhlaq). Akhlaq merupakan bagian dari kandungan al-Qur’an yang membuat Islam tersebar di seluruh dunia. Tulisan ini menelusuri konsep Tasawuf Hamka sebagai suatu prototipe kecil dari karyanya tentang tasawuf dalam ‘Tasawuf Modern.’ Selain itu, tulisan ini juga fokus pada biografi Hamka serta hubungannya dengan tasawuf, metode interpretasi, rujukan utamanya, karakteristik ‘Tafsir al-Azhar’, metode penjulisannya, dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam interpretasinya. Tulisan ini juga bermaksud untuk mengeksplorasi konsep uzlah, wali, mahabbah, dan ilmu ladunni in ‘Tafsir al-Azhar’.---Abstract The Misthycism is a part of Islamic knowledge emphases the values of estetic, especially talking about attitudes to God and the Human being. When Aisha r.a. was asked by a companion of prophet He said,” His attitude is the Holy al-Qur’an”. In his tafsir, Hamka stated that the most important thing quoted from it was ethic (akhlaq). Even it is one of the amazing of the Holy Qur’an which had spread Islam to the whole of the world. This paper will track the conception of Hamka’s tasawuf as a little prototife from his work about Tasawuf at ‘Tasawuf Modern’. The paper will focus in  Hamka’s bliography and his relate with tasawuf, the methode of interpretating, main references, characteristics Tafsir al-Azhar, methode in writing it, and the approacs used in his interpretations. Also focusing to explore conception of uzlah, sufi saint (wali), mahabbah, ilmu ladunni in ‘Tafsir al-Azhar’.
Kebijakan Politik Turki Utsmani di Hijaz 1512-1566 M
Authors: Rohayati Tati
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Studi ini menjawab satu pertanyaan yaitu bagaimana dampak kebijakan politik Turki Utsmani di Hijaz 1512-1566 M. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut digunakan metode historis, melalui sumber tertulis dengan pendekatan politik. Dikarenakan dari berbagai sumber tertulis masa pemerintahan Turki Utsmani (1512-1566 M), begitu kuat pengaruhnya terhadap negara-negara bercorak Islam yang ada di Timur Tengah, khususnya Hijaz. Akan tetapi dari berbagai studi ini, penulis belum menemukan keterangan atau penjelasan yang mendalam, pengaruh kebijakan Turki Utsmani itu begitu kuat. Temuan penulis bahwa kebijakan Turki Utsmani memberikan kemajuan yang signifikan terhadap Hijaz. Dalam hal politik, madzhab Sunni menjadi dominan di Timur Tengah, Hijaz menjadi sentral gerakan studi intelektual dengan menetapkan Syarîf di Makkah, Sançak di Jeddah, dan Muhafidz di Madinah. Gelar khalifah yang disandang Turki Utsmani menjadikan ia sebagai penguasa tunggal di Timur Tengah. Banyak negara-negara Islam meminta legitimasi gelar “kesultanan” kepada Sultan di Istanbul melalui Syarîf al-Harâmayn di Hijaz.---Abstract This study answered the question is how policy impacts the Ottoman Empire in 1512-1566 Hijaz M. To answer these questions used the historical method, through written sources with a political approach. Due from various sources written during the reign of the Ottoman Empire (1512-1566 AD), so a strong influence on the character of Islam countries in the Middle East, especially the Hijaz. However, from various studies, the authors have not found profound information or explanations, the influence of the Ottoman policy was so strong. The findings of the authors that the policy of the Ottoman provide significant progress toward Hijaz. In terms of politics, Sunni sects became dominant in the Middle East, Hijaz became central to the movement of intellectual study to establish Sharif in Makkah, Sancak in Jeddah, and Muhafidz in Medina. Title that carried the Ottoman caliph make it as the sole ruler in the Middle East. Many Islamic countries ask legitimacy of the title of "the empire" to the Sultan in Istanbul with Sharif al-Haramayn in Hijaz.
Perpustakaan Dalam Sejarah Islam: Riwayat Tradisi Pemeliharaan Khazanah Intelektual Islam
Authors: Saepuddin Didin
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Perpustakaan dalam sejarah Islam menempati posisi yang signifikan. Keberadaannya merupakan bagian integral dari perkembangan dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban Islam terutama pada abad 8-10 M. Kehadiran perpustakaan dalam sejarah Islam sangat mengagumkan baik dari segi pengelolaan, jumlah kitab,  jumlah pemakai, dan apresiasi para khalifah waktu itu.   Secara hipotetis dapat dikemukakan bahwa jika tidak ada perpustakaan di masa tersebut maka  ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban tidak akan mengalami kemajuannya. Atau setidak-tidaknya perkembangan ilmu akan berjalan sangat lambat dan tersendat-sendat. Fungsi Perpustakaan dalam sejarah Islam adalah pertama, tempat mencari bahan referensi bagi para penuntut ilmu di berbagai tingkat pendidikan; kedua, bahan kajian para intelektual Islam; ketiga, pusat penyimpanan buku-buku dan manuskrif berharga karya ilmuan,  keempat, sebagai tempat pertemuan untuk kepentingan diskusi ilmiah dan debat intelektual, dan kelima, menjadi simbol kembanggaan khalifah dan penguasa setempat. Kata Kunci: Bayt al-Hikmah, Baghdad, al-Rasyid, al-Ma’mun, Peradaban.  ------ Abstract Library in Islamic history plays in a very significant role. Its existence is very amazing as well as it becomes as an unseparated part of the Islamic civilization and Islamic knowledge  development particularly at 8Th -10th century. Hypothetically, if library does not exist, knowledge will not develop fast as well. There are some functions of library. The first, it is a place where the science seekers look for the reference; the second, it becomes a center of a study for muslim scholar, the  third, it stores and saves a very valuable manuscript work and books, the fourth, a place where muslims scholar conduct meeting or discussion ,the  fifth, library symbolizes a dignity of the Khalifa and the authorities. Key words: Bayt al-Hikmah, Baghdad, al-Rasyid, al-Ma’mun, Civilization.
Stereotip Dunia Ketiga dalam Film Bride and Prejudice
Authors: Chusna Inayatul
Published: January 2020

Abstract The focus of this research is to expose the representation of the Third World (India) in a transnational film, Bride and Prejudice. By using the theory of representation and some concepts in postcolonial studies, the representation of the Third World are revealed through the characters of the First and Third World and their relationship. The representation of the Third World that creates center and peripheral, and the image of Center as everything confirm the stereotypical representation of the Third World. The love story of the film between the First and Third World characters actually creates prejudices which once again reflecting the First and Third World stereotypes. The genre of the film, the transnational genre, expected to give space for the Third World to be visualized equal cannot remove the stereotypical representation. Bride and Prejudice becomes a transnational film that presents colonial voices. Keywords: Postcolonialism, Representation, First and Third World, Stereotype.  ------- Abstrak Fokus penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang representasi dunia ketiga (India) dalam sebuah film transnasional, Bride dan Prejudice. Dengan menggunakan teori representasi dan beberapa konsep kajian poskolonial, representasi dunia ketiga digambarkan melalui hubungan dunia pertama dan ketiga para tokoh film tersebut. Representasi dunia ketiga yang menyebabkan terjadinya pusat dan pinggiran, dan penggambaran pusat sebagai pengokohan stereotip representasi dunia ketiga. Cerita cinta dalam film tersebut, antara para tokoh dunia pertama dan ketigapada dasarnya menimbulkan praduga yang menggambarkan stereotipe dunia pertama dan ketiga. Genre film ini, genre transnasional, diharapkan dapat memberikan ruang bagi dunia ketiga mengenai kesetaraan tidak dapat menghapus stereotip terhadapnya. Bride dan Prejudice menjadi sebuah film transnasional yang merepresentasikan suara-suara kolonial. Katakunci: poskolonial, representasi, dunia pertama dan ketiga, stereotip.
The Notes Procedures of Translating Islamic Terms in I Am Malala Novel
Authors: Pudjiati Danti , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe writers focus on the analysis of notes procedures, that is, the translation procedure in translating Islamic terms in I Am Malala novel published in 2014and translated by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno. They described notes procedures applied by Indonesian translator to translate the terms. They applied descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data based on Newmark’s procedure of notes. Besides, they utilize the mono lingual and bilingual dictionaries to support the analysis of the meaning in source and target language.The terms are divided into two categories: terms as knowledge and as worship. This reveals that nine terms translated by using notes within the text (one notes as an alternative to translated word, one notes as a participial group, one notes as an adjectival clause, one notes in brackets, two notes as a noun in apposition, three notes in parentheses);  one term translated by using notes within the text (as an adjectival clause)  and notes or glossary at the end of book; and third, one term translated by using notes at bottom of page (footnote) and notes or glossary at the end of book. In other words, the procedure of notes within the text is the most dominant---Abstract Penulis fokus pada analisis mengenai prosedur pemberian catatan/keterangan terkait penerjemahan istilah-istilah keislaman dalam novel I Am Malala yang terbit tahun 2014 yang diterjemahkan oleh Inggrid Dwijani Nimpoeno. Kajian ini akan menggambarkan prosedur yang digunakan oleh penerjermah Indonesia dalam menerjemahkan istilah keislaman. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis pada tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif yang mengacu pada prosedur Newmark. Selain iut, juga digunakan kamus satu dan dwi bahasa untuk mendukung analisis penerjemahan dalam bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran. Istilah keislaman dibagi dua kategori, yaitu istilah ilmu pengetahuan dan istilah ritual. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada sembilan terjemahan istilah yang diberi catatan dalam teks (satu catatan sebagai terjemahan alternatif, satu catatan sebagai kelompok bagian, satu catatan sebagai klausa ajektif, satu catatan dalam kurung, satu catatan sebagai kata benda oposisi, tiga catatan dalam dua garis kata sisipan); satu terjemahan istilah menggunkan catatan dalam teks sebagai klausa ajektif, dan terdapat catatan atau glosari di akhir buku. Ketiga, satu terjemahan istilah menggunakan catatan kaki dan catatan atau glosari di akhir buku. Dengan kata lain, prosedur pemberian catatan yang dominan adalah di dalam teks.
Ba'dhu al-Qadhaya al-Balaghiyyah al-Muta'alliqah fi al-Qur'an al-Karim Tahqiq wa dirasah li ahad al-abwab al-Waridah fi kitabi fath al-Khabir
Authors: Anwari Zanuar
Published: January 2020

ملخص البحثتنوّعت الدراسات التي تناولت القرآن الكريم من جوانبه المتعدّدة على أيدي المتخصّصين بها. والغاية الأسمى من تلك الدراسات هي البرهنة على حقيقة أنّ القرآن الكريم هو معجزة خالدة. ومن أهمّ تلك الدراسات ما تناولت الجانب البلاغيّ من القرآن، فدرايته من الشروط الضرورية لمن أراد أن يفسّر شيئا من القرآن الكريم. وقد نشط العلماء بالتأليف في هذا المجال قديما وحديثا، سواء أولئك الذين أفردوا مباحث البلاغة في كتاب خاصّ أم الذين أدخلوها ضمن مباحث علوم القرآن. والشيخ محمّد محفوظ الترمسي (1285-1338 هـ) واحد من بين هؤلآء العلماء المحدثين البارزين في هذا الميدان. ألّف الشيخ كتابا في علم التفسير، سمّاه بـ"فتح الخبير بشرح مفتاح التفسير"وهو شرح لمنظومة في علم التفسير لأحد العلماء المشهورين من بلاد أفريقيا، الشيخ عبد اللّه فودي النيجيري المغربيّ. والكتاب المشار إليه لم يزل في شكله المخطوط، ولم يحقّق بعد. هذا البحث محاولة متواضعة للتطرّق إلى الوجوه البلاغيّة والمتعلّقة بالمعاني منها خصوصا، التي أوردها الشيخ محفوظ في كتابه وآراءه حول تلك القضايا.---Abstrak Salah satu diantara deretan ulama kontemporer yang ternama dalam bidang ini adalah Syaikh Muhammad Mahfudz al-Tarmasi (1285-1338 H). Salah satu karya beliau dalam bidang ilmu tafsir adalah kitab “FATH AL-KHABIR BI SYARH MIFTAH AL-TAFSIR “ merupakan sebuah kitab yang memberikan penjelasan (syarh) terhadap kitab nadham (syair) dalam disiplin ilmu tafsir karangan seorang ulama terkenal dari Afrika bernama Syaikh Abdullah foudi an-Nijeri al-Maghribi. Karangan Syaikh Muhammad Mahfudz al-Tarmasi ini masih berupa naskah dalam bentuk manuscript yang belum dikaji keotentikannya serta belum dicetak secara modern. Penelitian yang penulis lakukan ini merupakan bentuk usaha pertisipatif untuk lebih menyingkap aspek-aspek retorik yang dikandung kitab tersebut khususnya hal-hal yang terkait dengan disiplin ilmu ma’ani (salah satu cabang ilmu retorika bahasa Arab yang mengkonsentrasikan diri pada pembahasan arti kata, pengertiannya dalam suatu ungkapan, serta penggunaannya disesuaikan dengan konteks yang ada), serta pendapat-pendapat yang dikemukakan Syaikh Mahfudz al-Tarmasi terkait kasus-kasus yang ada di dalamnya.
Asentamientos informales y regularización urbana. La producción de territorialidades en tensión
Authors: Chanampa Magali Elizabeth , Lorda María Amalia
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo, basado en la tesis de Doctorado en Geografía de una de las autoras, realizar un breve recorrido conceptual por el campo geográfico, en especial, desde la perspectiva crítica de la geografía social, para reflexionar sobre las dificultades de acceso al hábitat en la ciudad; la producción de asentamientos informales; la dimensión política y de poder del concepto de territorio para pensar sobre los procesos de regularización y urbanización de dichos asentamientos; las lógicas espaciales de intervención estatal destinadas a la regularización de la informalidad urbana; y la experiencia de los sujetos que habitan estos territorios. Aunque el énfasis del artículo es conceptual, se toma como caso de estudio a la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia (Chubut, Argentina) para contextualizar y espacializar la discusión.
Urbanismo de resistencia en Puerta de Tierra. II Workshop de Arquitecturas Colectivas
Authors: Rivera Crespo Omayra , Crespo Claudio Yazmín , Santiago Rodríguez Irmaris
Published: January 2020

El taller Creando sin Encargos, compuesto por profesoras de arquitectura, tiene como misión gestar proyectos que apoyen iniciativas de autogestión en comunidades en Puerto Rico. Con esto en mente, el II Workshop: Arquitecturas Colectivas en Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, apoya el trabajo de dos artistas, los residentes y líderes comunitarios que reaccionaron a los efectos del aburguesamiento de su comunidad, autodenominándose Brigada PDT. La Brigada rescató estructuras abandonadas limpiándolas y pintando murales con mensajes que claman por espacios públicos inclusivos. Como parte de un ejercicio de diseño participativo y construcción, los participantes del workshop, estudiantes de arquitectura y otras disciplinas, debían inspirarse en el trabajo de los artistas y en los actos cotidianos de los habitantes para intervenir una de las estructuras rescatadas y convertidas en la Plaza Vivero. En consecuencia, les correspondía subsanar las carencias en el espacio urbano que afectan estos actos. Tomando como punto de partida el placemaking, la intervención debía insertarse de manera orgánica como parte del entorno y el movimiento natural de transeúntes y residentes, pero convirtiéndose también en un ícono de urbanismo de resistencia a desarrollos que no corresponden a la realidad social del lugar.
SOBRE LA POSIBILIDAD DE USAR EL MÉTODO DE REGULARIZACIÓN DE TIKHONOV PARA RECONSTRUIR EL ESPECTRO DE ENERGÍA DE UN HAZ CLÍNICO DE ELECTRONES
Authors: Wilches Jorge H. , Apaza Danny G. , Da Costa Alessandro M.
Published: January 2020

En radioterapia, el espectro de energía de electrones es la característica más importante para modelar la fuente de radiación cuando el propósito sea el cálculo exacto de la dosis. Usualmente, tres métodos son  explorados la obtención del espectro: (i) simulación de la fuente vía Monte Carlo; (ii) medición directa vía un espectrómetro magnético y (iii) reconstrucción inversa. De entre ellos, reconstrucción inversa, a pesar de no ser el más exacto, es considerado el más apropiado por su simplicidad y rapidez. Reconstrucción inversa tiene por objeto extraer el espectro de energía a partir de la distribución de dosis en profundidad. Ya que reconstrucción inversa es un problema mal definido, el método de regularización de Tikhonov es usado para superar la mala definición del problema y con ello obtener el espectro. La idoneidad de la reconstrucción es evaluada usando el índice gamma. Los resultados muestran que la regularización de Tikhonov es capaz de reconstruir el espectro de energía de un haz de electrones dentro del criterio clínico de aceptación del índice gamma > 95 % para 1 %/1 mm.
The Attitudes of Jordanian School Students towards Using YouTube as a Learning Tool
Authors: Yousef Smadi Tamara Adnan
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to identify the attitudes of Jordanian school students towards using YouTube as a tool for learning. A descriptive analytical approach is adopted. Questionnaire forms were distributed to 80 9th grade male students. They were selected from at Al-Jubiha Secondary School for Boys in Amman, Jordan. This study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019). All of the questionnaire forms were retrieved and considered valid for statistical analysis. The response rate is 100%.   SPSS was used. It was found that YouTube is highly used by Jordanian school students. It was found that Jordanian school students have positive attitudes towards using YouTube as a tool for learning. It was found that respondents consider YouTube as an effective learning tool. It was found that YouTube improve students’ learning experiences and academic performance.
Operation of ASG-EUPOS POZGEO sub-service in the event of failure of reference stations used in the standard solution – case study
Authors: Kudas Dawid , Wnęk Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The validation of the work of computational algorithms operating within the positioning system services under unusual measuring conditions is an important part of the entire system. Particularly noteworthy conditions are failures of reference stations forming the examined station network. The article evaluates the operation of the algorithm implemented to the POZGEO sub-service of the ASG-EUPOS system in the event of failure of reference stations used in the standard determination of the coordinates of the selected spatial point. The research material consisted of 117 days of continuous determination of the position of the selected spatial point using 1 hour of GPS static observations. Reports on the procedure of determining the position in the post-processing mode in POZGEO sub-service of static satellite observations were used to simulate the reduction of the number of tie vectors in coordinates’ determination method. The resistance of the automatic post-processing algorithm to failure of parts from the standard reference stations used was assessed.
A pax Persica: o contexto imperial persa
Authors: Rossi Luiz Alexandre Solano
Published: January 2020

O período persa foi um período marcado por um violento processo dedominação e exploração. Todos os povos subjugados tinham que pagartributo para que o poder persa central pudesse ser mantido. Isso significaque a nova ordem mundial, proposta pelo império, produziu um cenáriode grande miséria e de violência. A pax Persica e a estabilidade do novomundo não seriam atingidas sem consequências desastrosas para os povosconquistados.
Daltonismo pedagógico
Authors: Morais Junior Vicente de Paulo , André Claudio Fernando
Published: January 2020

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir a representação docente no cotidiano escolar e suas respectivas repercussões. Para tanto, ancorou-se tal pesquisa na Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) defendida por Serge Moscovici e no Processo de ensino defendido por José Carlos Libâneo. Além disso, utilizou-se da ciência e psicologia das cores para ilustrar esse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que proporcionou uma reflexão sobre a influência e a importância da representação docente no cotidiano escolar, em especial relacionada à avaliação, planejamento/direção do ensino e a relação professor e aluno. Ao conectarmos ciência e psicologia das cores com o cotidiano escolar, identificou-se o Daltonismo Pedagógico e suas possíveis variantes e repercussões. O Daltonismo pedagógico, além de influenciar o cotidiano e a cultura escolar, também pode ser caracterizado como a representação docente do processo de ensino. Além disso, identificou-se ainda a possibilidade do Daltonismo Pedagógico ser congênito, estando diretamente vinculado a formação inicial dos docentes, ou adquirido, quando a própria cultura escolar vai transformando a forma de enxergar o cotidiano escolar.  Observou-se ainda que a formação inicial e/ou continuada tem papel preponderante no tratamento do daltonismo pedagógico. No outro extremo da discussão, identificou-se ainda o que denominamos como Harmonia pedagógica que se mostra capaz de favorecer e potencializar uma relação ensino e aprendizagem fundamentada em um processo agradável e prazeroso.
El tiempo de las víctimas. Un estudio literario-comparativo
Authors: Carbullanca Núñez Cesar Octavio
Published: January 2020

El artículo hace una lectura literaria comparativa del tiempo de las víctimas y desafía la interpretación sobre la temporalidad de Lavoura Arcaica. Los textos bíblicos y literarios muestran, por un lado, que existen diferentes tipos de pharmakos en la antigüedad; del mismo modo, el incesto está vinculado a la temporalidad mítica de la tragedia, la leyenda y el romance. Creemos que estas isotopías y diferencias nos proporcionarán elementos para una comprensión diversa de la temporalidad de los pharmakos en Lavoura Arcaica. Esto nos llevó a hacer una comparación entre la temporalidad en el mito, la leyenda y la novela, introduciendo la categoría de fractura para hablar de una temporalidad y epistemología que se aprecia en varios momentos tanto en la tragedia como en la leyenda y el romance.
Salmos e Evangelhos por paródias, em poéticas de Luis Augusto Cassas e Murilo Mendes
Authors: Silva Eli Brandão , Luna Huerto Eleutério Pereira de
Published: January 2020

O artigo objetiva interpretar, com aportes teóricos e metodológicos de (GENETTE, 1982), (MAINGUENEAU, 1997) e (FIORIN, 1999), parodias do livro dos Salmos e dos Evangelhos, em Deus Mix: Salmos energéticos de açaí com guaraná e Cassis (2001), de Augusto Cassas e Quatro textos evangélicos (1994), de Murilo Mendes. Entende-se que Literatura e Bíblia configuram primordiais, diversas e complexas relações que se prolongam até os dias atuais. Os estudos ressaltam dois distintos hipertextos que se configuram como paródias, reescrituras literárias de textos da Bíblia, em dissonância e consonância com a tradição cristã.
Chambres d’échos d’un nom, Pilate. Oralité et écriture dans trois versions apocryphes vernaculaires de la vie de Pilate
Authors: Albert Sophie , López Carmen Puche
Published: January 2020

Nous étudions trois versions vernaculaires de la vie de Pilate, rédigées entre 1290 et 1350 : les traductions catalane et française du chapitre LI De Passione Dominide la Legenda aureade Jacques de Voragine, et un récit en vers français contenu dans le manuscrit de Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, L.II.14 (1311). Dans chaque version, nous cherchons à déceler les échos d’un évangile amplifié et oralisé par les voix médiévales. A cet effet, nous examinons le statut du récit entre canon et apocryphe, et le caractère écrit ou oral de sa réception réelle ou virtuelle. Dans ce cadre, nous prêtons une attention particulière à la manière dont résonne dans les textes le nom même de Ponce Pilate.
Socio-technical transitions in UK electricity: part 1 – history, actors and pathways
Authors: Foxon Timothy J. , Hammond Geoffrey P. , Pearson Peter J. G.
Published: January 2020

A large interdisciplinary consortium of engineers, social scientists and policy analysts has developed three low-emissions, more-electric transition pathways for the UK. The approach is based on earlier work on understanding transitions, applying a multi-level perspective with landscape, regime and niche levels to the development of socio-technical scenarios. The pathways to 2050 focus on the power sector, including the potential for increasing the use of low-emissions electricity for heating and transport. Part 1 describes studies of historical energy and infrastructure transitions that help to understand the dynamics and timing of past transitions. The role of large-scale and small-scale actors in the electricity sector and methods used to develop the pathways are then described. In part 2, associated technologies are evaluated to determine the choices that need to be made by UK energy policymakers and stakeholders. All three pathways are appraised in terms of their environmental performance using complementary life-cycle assessment and footprinting methods. Lessons can clearly be drawn for other industrialised nations attempting to reduce the emissions from their electricity generation systems, although local circumstances will determine country- and region-specific options.
iPSC Cell Culture – Maintenance and Expansion v1
Authors: Marsh Jacob , M Karch Celeste
Published: January 2020

This protocol is about Maintenance and Expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells.
Química na cozinha: relato de uma experiência de ensino de química na educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Cavalcante Carolina Toledo , Drews Franciele
Published: January 2020

Com o intuito de contribuir com outros estudos e propostas pedagógicas voltadas à Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), neste artigo discorre-se sobre uma experiência vivenciada nessa modalidade de ensino, envolvendo a utilização do referencial metodológico de Projetos Criativos Ecoformadores no ensino de Química. A experiência em questão trata-se do desenvolvimento do projeto “Química na Cozinha: Uso da Cozinha como Laboratório”, que ocorreu em uma turma do curso de Operador em Computador do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, ofertado pelo Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina – campus São José. Elaborado e realizado ao longo do ano de 2018, o referido projeto fez parte das atividades propostas para os Estágios Supervisionados do curso de Licenciatura em Química da mesma instituição. Desta forma, para além de descrever as etapas de desenvolvimento do projeto, neste artigo, também são apresentados: o portfólio produzido a partir da sistematização dos trabalhos de polinização elaborados pelos estudantes; e os resultados de um questionário aplicado ao final das atividades, a partir do qual se buscou identificar as impressões gerais dos alunos a respeito da proposta desenvolvida. A partir disso, por fim, são feitas algumas considerações sobre a importância da abordagem do cotidiano no Ensino de Química da EJA, bem como sobre a adoção de estratégias metodológicas que levem em consideração os conhecimentos prévios e as especificidades dos sujeitos desta modalidade de ensino, para o desenvolvimento de processos de real aprendizagem e inclusão.
O caráter transdisciplinar da criatividade e do letramento: perspectivas à luz do pensamento complexo
Authors: Elza Rodrigues Barbosa Peixoto  , Pinho Maria José de
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta o recorte de uma investigação de doutorado sobre as interações nas práticas de letramento em contexto escolar e visa ampliar as discussões sobre o caráter transdisciplinar dessas práticas. Teve como objetivo geral analisar as práticas pedagógicas realizadas pela Escola Paroquial Sagrado Coração de Jesus, procurando compreender as implicações do vínculo professor e aluno, no contexto das interações nas práticas de letramento, em aulas de Língua Portuguesa, sob o olhar da criatividade e do pensamento complexo. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, este estudo ancorou-se na proposição de uma reforma do pensamento/pensamento complexo (Morin, 2000, 2001, 2005), na transdisciplinaridade (Nicolescu, 2001), pelos estudos da criatividade (Torre, 2005) e (Moraes, 2015). Os outros fios que juntamos nessa tessitura estão vinculados às práticas de letramento escolar, cujo caminho de investigação trilham pelos Novos Estudos do Letramento (NEL), fundamentados em Street (2014), Barton e Ivanic (2000), Rojo (2009), Soares (2003) e Kleiman (2006), principalmente. O caminho metodológico percorrido foi o estudo de caso, de caráter exploratório, apoiado na abordagem qualitativo-interpretativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, observação direta, gravação de aulas e análise documental. Nos resultados, evidenciou-se que a presença de forte afetividade não era meramente intuitiva a depender do perfil dos professores, mas fazia parte, intencionalmente, do desenvolvimento de um trabalho centrado em despertar a confiança, elevar a autoestima, resgatar os valores humanos, ou seja, estabelecer no trajeto, vínculos pela empatia e promove o necessário diálogo.