bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Transporters and Drug-metabolizing Enzymes in Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Dong Yaqian , Gong Linna , Lu Xianyuan , Ye Mingguang , Lin Yu , Xie Shuting , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhou Fenghua , Tang Lan , Zou Wei , Liu Menghua
Published: May 2020

Background:

Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters play key roles in drug disposition and drug
interactions. The alterations of their expression will influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
However, the changes in the expression of enzymes and transporters in the disease state are still unclear.

Objective:

Our study was to investigate the changes in the expression of main enzymes and drug transporters
distributed in Adriamycin nephropathy rat liver, kidney, and intestine.

Methods:

An intravenous injection with a single dose of Adriamycin (6mg/kg) was made to establish Adriamycin
nephropathy (AN) model and normal groups were injected with normal saline. Serum was collected for lipid
metabolism, renal, and hepatic function measurement. The real-time PCR and western blot were applied to determine
the mRNA and protein expression of drug enzymes and transporters.

Results:

In the kidney, a greater expression of Mdr1, Mrp2, Mrp4 Oat2 and Oct2 mRNA was found in AN rats as
compared with control rats. In the liver, the expression of Bcrp mRNA was more doubled or tripled than control
groups and downregulation of Mdr1, Mrp2, Mrp4 and Bsep gene expression was found in AN rats. Besides, we
observed a downward trend of Cyp1a2, Cyp3a4 and Cyp2c9 mRNA levels in AN groups. In the duodenum, the
expression of Mdr1 and Mrp3 mRNA level was decreased, while Bcrp and Mrp2 mRNA were increased.

Conclusion:

The changes in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters expression in AN rats were clarified, which
may be beneficial for understanding the altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clinical drugs and
reduce unexpected clinical findings for nephropathy patients.
Dual Release Model to Evaluate Dissolution Profiles from Swellable Drug Polyelectrolyte Matrices
Authors: Cid Alicia Graciela , Ramírez-Rigo María Verónica , Palena María Celeste , Gonzo Elio Emilio , Jimenez-Kairuz Alvaro Federico , Bermúdez José María
Published: May 2020

Background:

Mathematical modeling in modified drug release is an important tool that allows
predicting the release rate of drugs in their surrounding environment and elucidates the transport
mechanisms involved in the process.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model that allows evaluating the release
profile of drugs from polymeric carriers in which the swelling phenomenon is present.

Methods:

Swellable matrices based on ionic complexes of alginic acid or carboxymethylcellulose with
ciprofloxacin were prepared and the effect of adding the polymer sodium salt on the swelling process
and the drug release was evaluated. Experimental data from the ciprofloxacin release profiles were
mathematically adjusted, considering the mechanisms involved in each stage of the release process.

Results:

A proposed model, named “Dual Release” model, was able to properly fit the experimental
data of matrices presenting the swelling phenomenon, characterized by an inflection point in their release
profile. This entails applying the extended model of Korsmeyer-Peppas to estimate the percentage
of drug released from the first experimental point up to the inflection point and then a model called
Lumped until the final time, allowing to adequately represent the complete range of the drug release
profile. Different parameters of pharmaceutical relevance were calculated using the proposed model to
compare the profiles of the studied matrices.

Conclusion:

The “Dual Release” model proposed in this article can be used to predict the behavior of
complex systems in which different mechanisms are involved in the release process.
Nanoliposome Precursors for Shape Modulation: Use of Heuristic Algorithm and QBD Principles for Encapsulating Phytochemicals
Authors: Nadaf Sameer J. , Killedar Suresh G.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Screening of multiple methods is worthless for formulators due to material
losses, wastage of time, and expenditures. It is imperative to make a quick decision.

Objective:

The present investigation describes the systematic approach to select the best suitable method
for the development of nanoliposomes (NL), the precursor of nanocochleates encapsulating curcumin
using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

Methods:

Pair-wise comparison matrices were used to achieve the overall priority weight and ranking
for the selection of appropriate technique. Furthermore, Plackett-Burman screening Design (PBD) was
exploited to investigate specific effects of associated formulation and process variables on particle size
(Y1), drug content (Y2), and entrapment efficiency (Y3), while fabricating NL.

Results:

Results revealed the reliability of the pair-wise comparison matrices and selected the ethanol
injection method with the highest priority weight (0.337). Bland-Altman plot and control chart validated
the results of AHP. The preparation of vesicles with the preferred diameter and size distribution was
essentially fulfilled. Stirring speed (X5), amount of phospholipid (X4), and cholesterol (X8) showed
significant influence (p<0.05) on Y1 and Y3, PBD revealed. These factors can be further optimized
using the design of experiments.

Conclusion:

AHP being an effective tool, has assisted in selecting the best alternative for fabricating
NL, whilst PBD enabled a clear understanding of the effects of diverse formulation variables on
responses studied. Results ensure that NL is a riveting candidate for modulating effectively into tailormade
diverse shaped nanoformulations for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Recent Advances in the Novel Formulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Effective Delivery, Associated Challenges and Its Clinical Importance
Authors: Singh Harmanpreet , Thakur Shubham , Sahajpal Nikhil Shri , Singh Harjeet , Singh Amrinder , Sohal Harminder Singh , Jain Subheet Kumar
Published: May 2020

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an essential polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid, and a fundamental structural component of the phospholipid membranes, especially of neural and retinal cells. DHA is found to be critical for the normal development and functioning of neurons and synaptogenesis in the brain, and is required during pre- and post-natal stages of life. DHA has also been observed to exhibit neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, geographical dietary variations and poor economic conditions lead to insufficient DHA levels resulting in various health deficits like improper brain development, cognitive disorders, and other clinical complications. Thus, to prevent its deficiency-induced derangements, several authorities recommend DHA as a supplement during pregnancy, infancy, and throughout adulthood. In past decades, the soft gelatin capsule was only feasible resolute of DHA, but due to their limitations and invention of new technologies; it led to the development of new dosage forms with improved physicochemical characteristics of DHA. This article will discuss in detail about the role of DHA in brain development, microalgae oil as an emerging source of DHA, clinical- and pharmacological-activities of DHA, issues related to DHA oil, current formulation of DHA along with their application, limitations, and strategies used for improvement and future prospectives.
Evaluating the Effect of Integra Seeded with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells or Fibroblasts in Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Yuchang , Feng Quanrui , Li Zhanfei , Bai Xiangjun , Wu Yiping , Liu Yukun
Published: May 2020

Background:

Extensive loss of skin in burn patients can have devastating consequences,
both physically and mentally. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and fibroblasts are known to play
significant roles in the process of wound healing. Recently, bioengineered skin has been considered for
wound healing purposes.

Methods:

Investigate the effect of Integra seeded with ADSCs, fibroblasts, or both on wound healing.

Results:

We found that when Integra is seeded with ADSCs and fibroblasts, both types of cells incorporate
and proliferate, the phenomenon becoming more robust when the cells are co-cultured on Integra,
both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, when these cells are seeded on Integra, they stimulate epithelization
with no signs of inflammation and skin necrosis being observed when transplanted on animals for 7 days.

Conclusion:

ADSCs and fibroblasts seeded on Integra could decrease the number of α-SMA positive
myofibroblasts, leading to scarless wound healing. The evidence from this study is strongly supportive
that Integra seeded with ADSCs and fibroblasts is an appropriate and effective bioengineered skin for
wound healing.
Lipid-Coated Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems for an Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Esim Ozge , Hascicek Canan
Published: May 2020

Currently, despite many active compounds have been introduced to the treatment, cancer remains
one of the most vital causes of mortality and reduced quality of life. Conventional cancer treatments
may have undesirable consequences due to the continuous differentiating, dynamic and heterogeneous
nature of cancer. Recent advances in the field of cancer treatment have promoted the development
of several novel nanoformulations. Among them, the lipid coated nanosized drug delivery systems have
gained an increasing attention by the researchers in this field owing to the attractive properties such as
high stability and biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, high drug loading capacity and superior
in vivo efficacy. They possess the advantages of both the liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles which
makes them a chosen one in the field of drug delivery and targeting. Core-shell type lipid-coated
nanoparticle systems, which provide the most prominent advantages of both liposomes such as biocompatibility
and polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles such as mechanic properties, offer a new approach to
cancer treatment. This review discusses design and production procedures used to prepare lipid-coated
nanoparticle drug delivery systems, their advantages and multifunctional role in cancer therapy and diagnosis,
as well as the applications they have been used in.
Drug Nanocrystals: A Comprehensive Review with Current Regulatory Guidelines
Authors: Dhaval Mori , Makwana Jalpa , Sakariya Ekta , Dudhat Kiran
Published: May 2020

Drug nanocrystals offer an attractive approach for improving the solubility and dissolution
rate of poorly soluble drugs which accounts for nearly 40 % newly discovered drug molecules. Both
methods for manufacturing drug nanocrystals have high industrial acceptability for being simple and
easy to scale which is evident from the number of approved products available in the market. Ability to
modify multiple aspects of dosage form like bioavailability, release pattern and dosage form requirement
along with flexibility in choosing final dosage form starting from the tablet, capsule, suspension to
parenteral one, have made nanocrystal technology one of the very promising and adaptable technology
for dosage form design.
Dietary Technologies to Optimize Healing from Injury-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Sears Barry , Perry Mary , Saha Asish K.
Published: May 2020

Inflammation is an acute adaptive response to injury. However, if the initial inflammatory
response to an injury is not completely healed, it becomes chronic low-level inflammation that is
strongly associated with many chronic disease states, including metabolic (obesity and diabetes),
cardiovascular, auto-immune, and neurogenerative disorders as well as cancer. The healing process
is far more complex than the initiation of inflammation. Within that complexity of healing is a sequence
of events that are under profound dietary control and can be defined by specific blood
markers. Those molecular events of the healing process that are under significant dietary control are
termed as the Resolution Response. The purpose of this review is to describe the molecular components
of the Resolution Response and how different dietary factors can either optimize or inhibit
their actions. In particular, those dietary components that optimize the Resolution Response include
a calorie-restricted, protein-adequate, moderate-carbohydrate, low-fat diet referred to as the Zone
diet, omega-3 fatty acids, and polyphenols. The appropriate combination of these dietary interventions
constitutes the foundation of Pro-Resolution Nutrition. The effect of these dietary components
the actions of NF-κB, AMPK, eicosanoids, and resolvins are described in this review, as well as
ranges of appropriate blood markers that indicate success in optimizing the Resolution Response by
dietary interventions.
Green Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one by Using Zinc Chloride /Acetic Acid Catalytic System
Authors: Thorat Bapu R. , Gurav Ankita , Dalvi Bharat , Sawant Ashwini , Lokhande Vikas , Mali Suraj N.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Biginelli reaction is the most well-known and widely studied, multicomponent
reaction used for the direct synthesis of many biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-
2(1H)-ones and their derivatives by reacting a β-keto ester/1,3-dicarbonyl compound, an aldehyde,
and urea. It is catalyzed by different Bronsted and Lewis acids.

Methods:

The catalytic effect of different metal chlorides, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium,
stannous, ferric, manganese, cupric, nickel, cobalt, and zinc, in absence and presence of acetic acid
were studied.

Results:

The zinc, ferric, cupric, and cobalt chlorides were found to be more effective catalysts for
Biginelli reaction at room temperature. The yield of the reaction increased with temperature for all
catalytic systems. Acetophenone, cyclohexanone, acetyl acetone, and different β-ketoesters formed
tetrahedropyrimidine in moderate to good yield, by using zinc chloride catalyst at room
temperature in acetic acid. The efficiency of the catalyst was studied by treating different
substituted aldehydes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea at room temperature.

Conclusion:

The zinc chloride in acetic acid found to be an effective greener catalyst system for
Biginelli reaction.
Heavy Metals Concentrations in Breast Milk and Related Factors among Early Postpartum Women
Authors: Lee EunJoo , Park Hae-Ryong , Kim GeeHo
Published: May 2020

Purpose: As industries develop rapidly, the risk of heavy metals pollution and exposure in the environment and food is increasing. Even the slightest amount of heavy metals can be harmful to the human body, especially in newborn babies. This study aimed to estimate the heavy metals content in breast milk and identify related factors.Methods: Thirty-nine lactating mothers admitted to the postpartum care center in Changwon city between July 15 and September 20, 2019 were recruited. Barium, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and lead concentrations in breast milk were measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, 1-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: The average concentration of heavy metals in breast milk (mg/kg) were as fellow: barium, 3.68± 1.29; cadmium, 0.03±0.06; cobalt, 0.10±0.19; nickel, 0.22±0.27; and lead, 0.13±0.26. There was a significant difference between lead concentration and monthly household income (t=2.46, p=0.019). There was a difference between a family history of diabetes and hypertension and barium concentration (t=1.97, p=0.056) and between smoking history and nickel concentration (t=-1.95, p=0.058), but they were not statistically significant. A significantly positive correlation was observed between cobalt and cadmium concentrations (r=0.93, p<0.001), and a significant negative correlation was observed between nickel and cadmium concentrations (r=-0.40, p=0.010) and cobalt concentration (r=-0.46, p=0.003). In addition, lead concentration showed a significant negative correlation with age (r=-0.39, p=0.013).Conclusions: Guidelines for safe levels of heavy metals concentrations in breast milk need to be established and lactating mothers should consider the risk factors related to heavy metals poisoning such as dietary intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
Canada Geese of the Mississippi Flyway with Special Reference to an Illinois Flock
Authors: Hanson Harold C. , Smith Robert H.
Published: May 2020

This Canada goose study is based on data from three primary sources : data collected at Horseshoe Lake, Alexander County, Illinois ; surveys by the authors on the distribution, habitat, and behavior of the population elsewhere in the Mississippi flyway ; and banding records of the Jack Miner Bird Sanctuary, Kingsville, Ontario. Data from other sources have been used as indicated in the text.
Measures Undertaken in China to Avoid COVID-19 Infection: Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Huang Yu , Wu Qingqing , Wang Ping , Xu Yan , Wang Lei , Zhao Yusui , Yao Dingming , Xu Yue , Lv Qiaohong , Xu Shuiyang
Published: May 2020

Background

In early 2020, over 80,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were confirmed in China. Public prevention and control measures, along with efforts from all sectors of society, were undertaken to control and eliminate disease transmission.

Objective

This paper describes Chinese citizens’ response to the epidemic, the preventive measures they implemented to avoid being infected, and the public strategies that were carried out by the government, health workers, etc. We also discuss the efficacy of these measures in controlling the epidemic in China.

Methods

Information on the responses and behaviors of Chinese citizens were collected through a cross-sectional, internet-based survey using Dingxiang Doctor’s public account on WeChat. Information on public strategies implemented by all sectors of society to control the epidemic and data on new COVID-19 cases were collected from the internet, mainly from government websites. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 10,304 participants responded to the survey, with 10,198 valid responses; 74.1% (n=7557) were female and 25.9% (n=2641) were male. Overall, 98.2% (n=10,013) of participants paid high or very high attention to the epidemic, with WeChat being their main information source (n=9400, 92.2%). Over half the participants (n=5878, 57.7%) were confident that the epidemic could be curbed in China; 92.4% (n=9427) opened windows for ventilation more frequently than usual; 97.9% (n=9986) used masks in public; 95.7% (n=9759) avoided large crowds and stayed at home as much as possible; and 97.9% (n=9988) washed their hands more often than usual. Women were more likely to practice these behaviors than men (P<.001). With a series of strict public control measures, like nationwide health education campaigns, holiday extensions, the Examine and Approve Policy on the resumption of work, close management of working and living quarters, a health QR (Quick Response) code system, community screening, and social distancing policies, the number of new cases have decreased dramatically since February 12, 2020.

Conclusions

The methods employed by Chinese citizens and authorities have effectively curtailed the spread of COVID-19, demonstrating that this pandemic can be brought under control as long as the right measures are taken.
Measures Undertaken in China to Avoid COVID-19 Infection: Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Yu , Wu Qingqing , Wang Ping , Xu Yan , Wang Lei , Zhao Yusui , Yao Dingming , Xu Yue , Lv Qiaohong , Xu Shuiyang
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

In early 2020, over 80,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were confirmed in China. Public prevention and control measures, along with efforts from all sectors of society, were undertaken to control and eliminate disease transmission.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes Chinese citizens’ response to the epidemic, the preventive measures they implemented to avoid being infected, and the public strategies that were carried out by the government, health workers, etc. We also discuss the efficacy of these measures in controlling the epidemic in China.

METHODS

Information on the responses and behaviors of Chinese citizens were collected through a cross-sectional, internet-based survey using Dingxiang Doctor’s public account on WeChat. Information on public strategies implemented by all sectors of society to control the epidemic and data on new COVID-19 cases were collected from the internet, mainly from government websites. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.

RESULTS

A total of 10,304 participants responded to the survey, with 10,198 valid responses; 74.1% (n=7557) were female and 25.9% (n=2641) were male. Overall, 98.2% (n=10,013) of participants paid high or very high attention to the epidemic, with WeChat being their main information source (n=9400, 92.2%). Over half the participants (n=5878, 57.7%) were confident that the epidemic could be curbed in China; 92.4% (n=9427) opened windows for ventilation more frequently than usual; 97.9% (n=9986) used masks in public; 95.7% (n=9759) avoided large crowds and stayed at home as much as possible; and 97.9% (n=9988) washed their hands more often than usual. Women were more likely to practice these behaviors than men (P<.001). With a series of strict public control measures, like nationwide health education campaigns, holiday extensions, the Examine and Approve Policy on the resumption of work, close management of working and living quarters, a health QR (Quick Response) code system, community screening, and social distancing policies, the number of new cases have decreased dramatically since February 12, 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The methods employed by Chinese citizens and authorities have effectively curtailed the spread of COVID-19, demonstrating that this pandemic can be brought under control as long as the right measures are taken.
Patient Representation From Structured Electronic Medical Records Based on Embedding Technique: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Yanqun , Wang Ni , Zhang Zhiqiang , Liu Honglei , Fei Xiaolu , Wei Lan , Chen Hui
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The secondary use of structured electronic medical record (sEMR) data has become a challenge due to the diversity, sparsity, and high dimensionality of the data representation. Constructing an effective representation for sEMR data is becoming more and more crucial for subsequent data applications.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to apply the embedding technique used in the natural language processing domain for the sEMR data representation and to explore the feasibility and superiority of the embedding-based feature and patient representations in clinical application.

METHODS

The entire training corpus consisted of records of 104,752 hospitalized patients with 13,757 medical concepts of disease diagnoses, physical examinations and procedures, laboratory tests, medications, etc. Each medical concept was embedded into a 200-dimensional real number vector using the Skip-gram algorithm with some adaptive changes from shuffling the medical concepts in a record 20 times. The average of vectors for all medical concepts in a patient record represented the patient. For embedding-based feature representation evaluation, we used the cosine similarities among the medical concept vectors to capture the latent clinical associations among the medical concepts. We further conducted a clustering analysis on stroke patients to evaluate and compare the embedding-based patient representations. The Hopkins statistic, Silhouette index (SI), and Davies-Bouldin index were used for the unsupervised evaluation, and the precision, recall, and F1 score were used for the supervised evaluation.

RESULTS

The dimension of patient representation was reduced from 13,757 to 200 using the embedding-based representation. The average cosine similarity of the selected disease (subarachnoid hemorrhage) and its 15 clinically relevant medical concepts was 0.973. Stroke patients were clustered into two clusters with the highest SI (0.852). Clustering analyses conducted on patients with the embedding representations showed higher applicability (Hopkins statistic 0.931), higher aggregation (SI 0.862), and lower dispersion (Davies-Bouldin index 0.551) than those conducted on patients with reference representation methods. The clustering solutions for patients with the embedding-based representation achieved the highest F1 scores of 0.944 and 0.717 for two clusters.

CONCLUSIONS

The feature-level embedding-based representations can reflect the potential clinical associations among medical concepts effectively. The patient-level embedding-based representation is easy to use as continuous input to standard machine learning algorithms and can bring performance improvements. It is expected that the embedding-based representation will be helpful in a wide range of secondary uses of sEMR data.
Online Communities as a Driver for Patient Empowerment: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Johansson Victoria , Islind Anna Sigridur , Lindroth Tomas , Angenete Eva , Gellerstedt Martin
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of online resources has changed how people manage health care processes. Patients seek information about health conditions, guidance in treatment, and support from peers online, complementary to traditional health care trajectories. Online communities have the potential to contribute to the quality of care by increasing patient empowerment; however, there is a gap in research regarding in what way online communities contribute to patient empowerment.

OBJECTIVE

We synthesized research regarding how online communities contribute to patient empowerment to address the research question “In what ways can participation in online communities support patient empowerment?” by studying how patient empowerment is operationalized in different studies. The definition of patient empowerment used in this paper is enablement for people to develop mastery over actions and control over decisions that influence their lives. The mastery is both through processes and outcomes of the development.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted by searching in the following databases: Scopus, ACM Digital Library, EBSCO (CINAHL and MEDLINE), PubMed, and Web of Science. In total, there were 1187 papers after excluding duplicates, and through selection processes using an analytical framework with definitions of patient empowerment and related concepts, 33 peer-reviewed papers were included.

RESULTS

Findings indicated that online communities support patient empowerment both as a process and as outcomes of these processes. Additionally, it was seen as a complement to traditional health care and encouragement for health care professionals to have a more positive attitude toward patients’ usage. There was a mix between deductive (19/33, 58%), inductive (11/33, 33%), and a mixed approach (3/33, 9%) of studying patient empowerment in various forms. The online communities in most papers (21/33, 64%) were well-established and represented patients’ initiatives.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need to include professionals' perspectives regarding how health care can embrace patient empowerment through online communities. This systematic review's main contribution is the proposal of a new framework and conceptualization of how patient empowerment in online communities can be understood from different hierarchical levels.
A systematic review-Assessing of the relationship between oral health literacy and dental anxiety among adult patients. (Preprint)
Authors: Farkhan Mohammad Murtaza
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Dental anxiety has been reported to be a common problem affecting widespread populations in different societies, hence a global public health concern. So far, there are few studies considering the development of dental anxiety and oral health literacy.

OBJECTIVE

Dental anxiety has been reported to be a common problem affecting widespread populations in different societies, hence a global public health concern. So far, there are few studies considering the development of dental anxiety and oral health literacy.

METHODS

This review of the literature used the PRISMA strategy for the review of articles. Articles collected and reviewed between June 2019 and March 2020. A sample determined according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the topic by using Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline via OVID, and Cochrane databases. Studies that have analyzed the effect of oral health literacy and dental anxiety.

RESULTS

Findings from the majority of the studies suggest that Lack of adequate dental health education may result in a high level of dental anxiety among adults population. On average health literacy levels were lower among particular groups (men, older adults, those in poverty, those who received publically funded insurance, those with lower levels of education and those who failed to finish high school).

CONCLUSIONS

definitive conclusions from the studies reviewed are not possible due to the differences in the study population, age characteristics considered, methods used and statistical tests performed. Further research is required to pay particular attention to younger patients and patients who report previous negative experiences associated with a dental consultation.
Digital Media’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Bao Huanyu , Cao Bolin , Xiong Yuan , Tang Weiming
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has had a significant impact on global health, the economy, and society as a whole. Various measures are being taken to respond to the pandemic, with digital media playing a pivotal role, especially in the use of visual data to disseminate information, mobile health to coordinate medical resources, social media to promote public health campaigns, and digital tools to assist population management and disease tracing. However, digital media also faces some challenges like misinformation, lack of guidance, and information leakage. We encourage the increased use of digital media with a focus on improving trust, building social solidarity, reducing chaos, educating the public on prevention measures, and reducing the medical burden in facility-based sites.
Chemokine receptors (version 2019.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Bachelerie Francoise , Ben-Baruch Adit , Charo Israel F. , Combadiere Christophe , Förster Reinhold , Farber Joshua M. , Graham Gerard J. , Hills Rebecca , Horuk Richard , Locati Massimo , Luster Andrew D. , Mantovani Alberto , Matsushima Kouji , Monaghan Amy E. , Moschovakis Georgios L. , Murphy Philip M. , Nibbs Robert J. B. , Nomiyama Hisayuki , Oppenheim Joost J. , Power Christine A. , Proudfoot  Amanda E. I. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Rot Antal , Sozzani Silvano , Thelen Marcus , Uddin Mohib , Yoshie Osamu , Zlotnik Albert
Published: May 2020

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors [426, 425, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, a large family of small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified for many chemokines in the areas of embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation and death, viral infection, and as antibiotics, among others. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, and "Atypical chemokine receptors", which may signal through non-G protein-coupled mechanisms and act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients [32].Chemokines in turn can be divided by structure into four subclasses by the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines. CC (also known as β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC (also known as α-chemokines; n= 17) and CX3C (n= 1) chemokines all have four conserved cysteines, with zero, one and three amino acids separating the first two cysteines respectively. C chemokines (n= 2) have only the second and fourth cysteines found in other chemokines. Chemokines can also be classified by function into homeostatic and inflammatory subgroups. Most chemokine receptors are able to bind multiple high-affinity chemokine ligands, but the ligands for a given receptor are almost always restricted to the same structural subclass. Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor subtype. Receptors for inflammatory chemokines are typically highly promiscuous with regard to ligand specificity, and may lack a selective endogenous ligand. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound, whereas ACKR is the root acronym for atypical chemokine receptors [33]. There can be substantial cross-species differences in the sequences of both chemokines and chemokine receptors, and in the pharmacology and biology of chemokine receptors. Endogenous and microbial non-chemokine ligands have also been identified for chemokine receptors. Many chemokine receptors function as HIV co-receptors, but CCR5 is the only one demonstrated to play an essential role in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include both standard chemokine receptor names [675] and aliases.
Parámetros morfológicos de la cuenca del río Magdalena a partir de datos LiDAR y modelos digitales de elevación
Authors: Parrot Jean-François , Ramírez Núñez Carolina
Published: May 2020

Independientemente de criterios socioeconómicos, la determinación del valor ambiental deun espacio, los servicios ecosistémicos del ambiente y la belleza escénica del relieverequieren la caracterización y cuantificación previa de los atributos de la superficie terrestre.El uso de Modelos Digitales de Superficie y Terrestre generados a partir de datos vectoriales,como los provenientes de la técnica de percepción remota LiDAR, permite la extracción deatributos primarios y secundarios con los que se construyen índices o funciones básicas. Eneste artículo se presentan los atributos morfológicos de superficie tridimensional, visibilidad,iluminación y densidad de vegetación de la cuenca del río Magdalena obtenidos a partir delos modelos digitales de Terreno (MDT), Superficie (MDS) y del Dosel (MDD) de un vueloLiDAR. Por último, los atributos se integran en un análisis multidimensional para determinarel valor ambiental de la cuenca del río Magdalena.
Actitudes proambientales en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Cantú-Martínez Pedro César
Published: May 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer las actitudes hacia el ambiente de estudiantes universitarios que previamente cursaron una materia de ecología y biodiversidad. Se realizó en la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México, con una muestra de 52 estudiantes de ambos sexos, a través de un Cuestionario de Actitudes Ambientales. El 84.6 % mostró buena actitud y 15.4 % moderada actitud proambiental. Tres consideraciones presentaron mayor frecuencia en su mención: (a) que el gobierno ejerza mayores medidas para prevenir la contaminación, (b) que el gobierno proporcione una lista de dependencias para denunciar las quejas sobre contaminación y (c) que las escuelas deben impartir cursos de conservación de recursos naturales. Se concluye que los y las estudiantes cuentan con un comportamiento ambientalmente significativo; y que además no existe diferencia según sexo.
Dynamics of Competition in the Marine Aquaculture Industry: A Research on Turkey
Authors: Uzmanoğlu Mustafa Selcuk , Arslan Fatma Müge
Published: May 2020

In this study,
competition elements of marine fish culture industry in Turkey was
investigated. Today, with the development of technology people's access to
information has facilitated. People, with access to information, began to give
importance to a healthy nutrition. Therefore; as a source of healthy protein,
the demand for fish is increasing day by day. Also, this increasing demand
motivates growth of fish farming industry intensevely. The production
of fishery products are performing almost without any problem. Enterprises
which are reaching higher levels in technical knowledge on aquaculture, focus
at fierce competition with each other. The aim of this study is to uncover how
the elements like; aquaculture enterprises, feed producers, processing
enterprises, ministry employees, universities, retail businesses, research
institutes and employees working for suppliers determine the competition in the
sector. Survey prepared for this purpose was conducted with 344 people. Results
were evaluated and interpreted both separately and in total according to
business types in the sector. In the industry, selling prices of products,
quickly delivering products to the market, and financial power were determined
to be important competitive factors.
Implementasi Algoritma Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) pada Aplikasi Pengambilan Keputusan Penilaian Karyawan Berbasis Web pada PT XYZ
Authors: Felinda Amelia
Published: May 2020

Perkembangan teknologi informasi di masa sekarang ini berkembang dengan cepat . Sistem yang dijalankan dengan konvensional sudah tidak efektif lagi diterapkan . Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi  merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang harus diterapkan oleh suatu organisasi untuk menghasilkan sistem yang efektif dan efisien . PT xyz merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang otomotif dimana pada setiap akhir tahun , perusahaan melakukan penilaian terhadap kinerja karyawannya . Penilaian dilakukan sebagai dasar perusahaan dalam memberikan apresiasi . Selain itu, penilaian juga dipakai sebagai nilai acuan untuk kenaikan golongan dan kenaikan jabatan karyawan . Pada prakteknya, penilaian dilakukan dengan kurang transparan, dimana yang terjadi atasan memberikan nilai tidak berdasarkan kriteria maupun data , tetapi yang dilakukan hanya berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan pada menjelang akhir tahun saja tanpa adanya data keseluruhan sesuai kriteria penilaian . Berdasarkan masalah tersebut , maka dirancanglah suatu aplikasi berbasis web menggunakan algoritma Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) sebagai metode pengambilan keputusan dalam penilaian karyawan . Metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan software development life cycle ( SDLC ) . Aplikasi ini dikembangkan dengan php dan data base my sql .
Evaluation of the Effect of Transport Networks on the Kemalpaşa Logistics Center in Logistics Site Selection
Authors: YILDIZ Kürşat , YERLİKAYA Mehmet Akif , KESKİN Büşra Nur
Published: May 2020

In a globalizing world, economic parameters are in line with the competitiveness of countries in every field. The foreign trade activities of the countries are at the top of these parameters. Foreign trade activities are provided through the entry points of foreign countries. These entry points should be supplied with a certain discipline. This is only possible with logistics centers. Therefore, logistics center location selection is very important. Although there are many parameters in the logistics center location selection, transportation networks are the most important parameters to be emphasized. The effect of transportation networks in the logistics center location selection, which is the subject of this study, has been evaluated specifically for the Kemalpaşa logistics center, which is being established within the borders of İzmir province. In this study, the literature review on transportation modes for logistics centers was taken into consideration and transportation networks for Kemalpaşa logistics center were examined and future provisions were introduced.
Preparation of spherical upconversion nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb,Er by laser ablation in liquid and optical properties
Authors: Yagi Koro , Mori Kazuki , Odawara Osamu , Wada Hiroyuki
Published: May 2020

Spherical upconversion nanoparticles, NaYF4:Er,Yb, were successfully prepared by laser ablation in liquid. The number of photons related to luminescence from the nanoparticles was 2. Micrometer-sized raw materials were irradiated with a nanosecond-pulsed laser (Nd:YAG, SHG) to prepare nanoparticles. The particle size of prepared spherical nanoparticles was a few hundred nanometers. The composition of nanoparticles was the same as that of the raw material even by using the high-temperature process of laser ablation in liquid. Fine nanoparticles prepared at high laser fluence by a focused laser beam would be melted at low laser fluence and cooled to prepare the spherical nanoparticles. The amount of spherical nanoparticles was increased by using the unfocused laser beam. This phenomenon supported the formation mechanism of spherical nanoparticles.
Japanese public health nurses’ culturally sensitive disaster nursing for small island communities
Authors: Marutani Miki , Kodama Shimpei , Harada Nahoko
Published: May 2020

Objective: To clarify the tacit knowledge of Japanese public-health nurses who administer culturally sensitive disaster nursing for small island communities. Design: Qualitative and inductive study. Sample: Eleven public-health nurses who provided disaster aid on one of six affected islands. Measurements: Semi-structured interviews, with qualitative analysis of data. Nursing actions that were based on consideration for islanders’ culture were categorized in terms of similarity. Results: Categories of culturally sensitive disaster nursing were identified for each disaster phase of the recovery process. These included confirming islanders’ safety and using existing interpersonal bonds to notify others (acute phase); assisting shelter management by facilitating the application of local rules and bonds (semi-acute phase); compensating for weakened neighbour-based relationships through public services (mid-term phase); and supporting the completion of necessary procedures by utilizing/adjusting islanders’ existing relationships with local government personnel (long-term phase). Cultural elements included interpersonal bonds and relationship, which emerged across phases. Conclusion: Public-health nurses should utilize culture not only to comfort islanders, but also to strengthen their sense of coherence and resilience as islander. They should also remember the nursing principle of compensating for a lack of self-care. To provide effective aid, the changes in cultural influences with recovery phases should be considered.
Soft Approach cons radicalization as an attempt to deradicalize through Islam Nusantara approach
Authors: Muridan Muridan
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
 
Radicalism has become a concern for the Indonesian people, cause its practice reduce diversity and peace. The emergence of radicalism in Indonesia is caused by four main factors, namely political violence, poor governance, global revival, and the spirit of Arabism. Radicalism also arises as a result of deviations from religious norms, as well as secular life in people's lives.
Radicalism in Indonesia is increasingly developing along with the development of formalistic and rigid understanding of religion in understanding the texts of the study of religion. only textually, not seeing from other factors, so the actions they taken only refer to the behavior of the Prophet literally.
Efforts to suppress the development of radicalism (radicalism) of the government have made various efforts, both soft approaches and hard approaches. The aim is to safeguard the Pancasila and Unity in Diversity which aspire to unity, unity and positive cooperation in building the nation and state. The government also encourages every element of society to actively participate in suppressing the development of radicalism.
Nahdlatul Ulama as the largest Islamic Community Organization (ORMAS) in Indonesia, called and participated in deradicalization, by offering an Islamic approach called as Islam Nusantara. Islam Nusantara is a ideology of Islam that is not only textual but also contextual and respects local wisdom. Islam Nusantara offers a moderate (moderate) Islam that is not extreme, always balanced and inclusive, tolerant and can coexist peacefully with followers of other religions, and can accept democracy.
The model of Islam Nusantara approach is actually not only aimed at those who have been contaminated by radical understanding, but also the general public as a preventive effort, so that they are not contaminated by radicalism.
 
Keyword: Radicalism, Deradicalization, Islam Nusantara,
Los catálogos editoriales como fuentes para el estudio de la bibliografía y la historia de la edición. El caso del Fondo de Cultura Económica
Authors: Garone Gravier Marina
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en probar que, si bien los catálogos editoriales tienen una función comercial, también ofrecen información valiosa sobre el estudio de la bibliografía y la historia de la edición. El estudio de caso se centró en la editorial Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE) porque es un sello paradigmático por su longevidad y por el gran número de catálogos que ha editado.El trabajo está organizado en dos partes. En la primera sección se expone la definición y variantes de la expresión “catálogo”; después se expone la evolución del este término y, por último, se comentan las dificultades que implica el estudio de estos objetos. En la segunda sección se abordan los catálogos del FCE; se observa su transformación y cómo pasaron de mostrar la oferta editorial a ofrecer información bibliográfica detallada para sus lectores. Se describe la variedad de catálogos que editó el FCE, se analizan los aspectos materiales (el uso de imágenes y estructura física) y, la forma de organización de los contenidos textuales que presentan. Como resultado final la investigación demuestra que los catálogos editoriales son objetos bibliográficos que requieren ser estudiados y abordados en sí mismos como un género editorial, de la misma forma que cualquier otro producto de la cultura impresa.
La gestión de datos de investigación en abierto: introducción al rol emergente para las bibliotecas universitarias y científicas argentinas
Authors: Angelozzi Silvina Marcela
Published: May 2020

A partir de las políticas de acceso abierto adoptadas o promovidas por las agencias gubernamentales o públicas de financiamiento de las investigaciones, se establecieron normativas para el depósito de las publicaciones en repositorios abiertos. En algunos casos, ello va un paso más allá y se promueve también la apertura de los datos obtenidos durante el desarrollo de las investigaciones, para que puedan ser reutilizados por otros investigadores. En el presente artículo se presenta una introducción a la gestión de datos abiertos de investigación y se describen brevemente las tareas en las que pueden involucrarse las bibliotecas universitarias y científicas de Argentina a partir de la promulgación y reglamentación de la Ley 26.899.
Las bibliotecas y las muestras digitales. Un análisis de los desarrollos actuales
Authors: Planas Javier Armando , Kaplan Corti Martina
Published: May 2020

Como parte de un proyecto institucional radicado en la Biblioteca Nacional “Mariano Moreno” (Argentina), se presenta un análisis de diferentes exposiciones digitales de distintas bibliotecas del mundo. A partir de la bibliografía académica, se exponen algunas consideraciones sobre la cuestión. En la metodología se ofrecen los criterios de selección de la muestra y los principales aspectos estudiados: modalidad de acceso a los sitios webs, organización del contenido y características cuantitativas y cualitativas de las muestras digitales. Entre otros resultados, se observa que la información es sistematizada a través de diferentes ejes temáticos, dentro de los cuales se disponen las galerías de imágenes, los textos explicativos y los recursos audiovisuales. Asimismo, se constata que las bibliotecas que muestran tener una política en la materia obtienen los mejores productos curatoriales.