bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a reduced-pressure chemical ion reactor utilizing adduct ionization for the detection of gaseous organic and inorganic species
Authors: Riva Matthieu , Pospisilova Veronika , Frege Carla , Perrier Sebastien , Bansal Priyanka , Jorga Spiro , Sturm Patrick , Thornton Joel A. , Rohner Urs , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and volatile inorganic compounds (VICs) provide critical information across many scientific fields including atmospheric chemistry and soil and biological processes. Chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for tracking these chemically complex and temporally variable compounds in a variety of laboratory and field environments. It is particularly powerful with time-of-flight mass spectrometers, which can measure hundreds of compounds in a fraction of a second and have enabled entirely new branches of VOC and/or VIC research in atmospheric and biological chemistry. To accurately describe each step of these chemical, physical, and biological processes, measurements across the entire range of gaseous products is crucial. Recently, chemically comprehensive gas-phase measurements have been performed using many CI mass spectrometers deployed in parallel, each utilizing a different ionization method to cover a broad range of compounds. Here we introduce the recently developed Vocus AIM (adduct ionization mechanism) ion–molecule reactor (IMR), which samples trace vapors in air and ionizes them via chemical ionization at medium pressures. The Vocus AIM supports the use of many different reagent ions of positive and negative polarity and is largely independent of changes in the sample humidity. Within the present study, we present the performance and explore the capabilities of the Vocus AIM using various chemical ionization schemes, including chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide (I−), nitrate (NO3-), benzene cations (C6H6+), acetone dimers ((C3H6O)2H+), and ammonium (NH4+) reagent ions, primarily in laboratory and flow tube experiments. We report the technical characteristics and operational principles, and compare its performance in terms of time response, humidity dependence, and sensitivity to that of previous chemical ionization approaches. This work demonstrates the benefits of the Vocus AIM reactor, which provides a versatile platform to characterize VOCs and VICs in real time at trace concentrations.
An Effective Communication Topology for Performance Optimization: A Case Study of the Finite Volume WAve Modeling (FVWAM)
Authors: Pang Renbo , Yu Fujiang , Gao Yuanyong , Yuan Ye , Yuan Liang , Gao Zhiyi
Published: October 2024

Abstract. High-resolution models are essential for simulating small-scale processes and topographical features, which play a crucial role in understanding meteorological and oceanic events, as well as climatic patterns. High-resolution modeling requires substantial improvement on the parallel scalability of the model to reduce runtime, while massive parallelism is associated with intensive communications. Point-to-point communication is extensively utilized for neighborhood communication in earth models due to its flexibility. The distributed graph topology, first introduced in the MPI version 2.2, provides a scalable and informative communication method. It has demonstrated significant speedups over the point-to-point communication method based on a variety of synthetic and real-world communication graph datasets. But its application in earth models for neighborhood communication is rarely studied. In this study, we implemented neighborhood communication using both the traditional point-to-point communication method and the distributed graph communication topology. We then compared their performance in a case study of the Finite Volume WAve Modeling (FVWAM). Across all tests with 512 to 32,768 processes, the communication time speedup of the distributed graph communication topology ranged from 1.28 to 5.63 compared to the point-to-point communication method. For operational global wave forecasts with 1,024 processes, the runtime of the FVWAM reduced 40.2 % when the point-to-point communication method was replaced by the distributed graph communication topology.
Quantifying permafrost ground ice contents in the Tien Shan and Pamir (Central Asia): A Petrophysical Joint Inversion approach using the Geometric Mean model
Authors: Mathys Tamara , Azimshoev Muslim , Bektursunov Zhoodarbeshim , Hauck Christian , Hilbich Christin , Duishonakunov Murataly , Kayumov Abdulhamid , Kassatkin Nikolay , Kapitsa Vassily , Martin Leo C. P. , Mollaret Coline , Navruzshoev Hofiz , Pohl Eric , Saks Tomas , Silmonov Intizor , Musaev Timur , Usubaliev Ryskul , Hoelzle Martin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In the Central Asian Tien Shan and Pamir mountain ranges, permafrost is extensive, but in-situ data on permafrost remains scarce. Quantitative analysis of permafrost's subsurface components—ice, water, air, and rock—is vital for not only discerning the impact of climate change on increased slope instability due to permafrost degradation, but also for understanding its role as a potential water resource in high-altitude environments. Recent studies have employed a Petrophysical Joint Inversion (PJI) approach combining geoelectrical and seismic refraction data to model the subsurface's four phases (fractions of air, water, ice, and rock). However, most of these studies primarily rely on Archie’s law, which has limitations in coarse blocky substrates typical of mountainous terrains. Recognizing this limitation, the electrical Geometric Mean (PJI-GM) model may be used as an alternative implementation within the PJI. In this study, we assess the suitability of using the PJI-GM model across an extensive geophysical dataset comprising 22 profiles in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan). Our goals are to (i) address the existing data gap concerning mountain permafrost and ground ice contents in the Tien Shan and Pamir of Central Asia and (ii) evaluate the performance of the GM model in comparison to Archie's law within the PJI framework across the different landforms at remote sites. The findings reveal that the ground ice content is more specific to landform types than to the different geographic regions surveyed, with rock glaciers exhibiting the highest mean ice contents (38–60 %), followed by moraines (18–40 %), talus slopes (20–40 %), and fine-grained sediments (0–20 %). The PJI-GM model performed especially well for ice-rich landforms such as rock glaciers, accurately reflecting high ice contents with minimal variability between model runs. The quality of a model result was hereby assessed by comparing a multitude of different model runs with different sets of inversion parameters and petrophysical variables using a clustering approach. This research provides one of the first comprehensive (geophysical) in-situ datasets on permafrost on various landforms and sites in Central Asia, highlighting the potential of the PJI-GM model as a more suitable alternative to Archie’s law, particularly for rock glaciers and other ice-rich landforms. These findings significantly advance our understanding of permafrost in the Tien Shan and Pamir and serve as a baseline dataset for future modeling studies.
Sedimentary ancient DNA insights into foraminiferal diversity near the grounding line in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Demianiuk Ewa , Baca Mateusz , Popović Danijela , Angeles Inès Barrenechea , Nguyen Ngoc-Loi , Pawlowski Jan , Anderson John B. , Majewski Wojciech
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Foraminifera are important marine environmental indicators widely used in paleoceanography and paleoclimate studies. They are a dominant component of meiobenthic communities around the Antarctic continental shelf, including rarely studied locations below the ice shelves, close to the grounding line. In this study, we use high-throughput sequencing of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) targeting foraminifera with two molecular markers, including the ultra-short one newly designed for this study, in five cores from the western Ross Sea, containing sediments up to thirty thousand years old. No foraminiferal DNA is detected in the tills, suggesting a lack of preservation of sedaDNA during glacially induced sediment reworking and transport. We reconstruct diverse foraminiferal communities in the open marine settings and significantly less diverse communities in sediments from the slopes of the grounding zone wedges, deposited proximal to the grounding line. Both assemblages are rich in soft-walled monothalamids not preserved in the fossil record and complement the results of earlier micropaleontological studies, allowing a more complete reconstruction of past biodiversity. The newly designed mini-barcode provides higher foraminiferal diversity in surface and subsurface samples than the standard barcode and allows better differentiation between foraminiferal communities in different sediment types. It appears to have great potential for future paleoenvironmental studies, although its taxonomic resolution needs to be evaluated.
Natural Surface Emissions Dominate Anthropogenic Emissions Contributions to Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) at Canadian Rural Sites
Authors: Cheng Irene , Cole Amanda , Zhang Leiming , Steffen Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) measures total gaseous mercury (TGM) at three rural-remote sites. Long-term TGM, ancillary measurements and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model were used to assess temporal changes in anthropogenic and natural surface emission (wildfires plus re-emitted Hg) contributions to TGM and examine the emission drivers of the observed TGM trends between 2005 and 2018. TGM showed decreasing trends at the three sites; the magnitudes (ng m-3 yr-1) were -0.050 at Saturna for 2010–2015, -0.026 at Egbert for 2005–2018, and -0.014 at Kejimkujik for 2005–2016. The increasing contributions from natural surface Hg emissions at Saturna (1.64 % yr-1) and Kejimkujik (1.03 % yr-1) resulted from declining anthropogenic Hg emissions and increasing oceanic and terrestrial Hg re-emissions. The mean relative contributions of natural surface emissions to annual TGM were 65 %, 72.5 % and 65 % at Saturna, Egbert and Kejimkujik. TGM at Saturna were mainly from background Hg (53 %), Hg re-emissions (14 %), and shipping (10 %); at Egbert, from background Hg (63 %), Hg re-emissions (15 %), and crustal/soil dust (9 %); and at Kejimkujik, from background Hg (71 %), regional point source emissions (10 %), and Hg re-emissions (8 %). Local combustion sources contributed a few percent of the annual TGM, while the percentage from oceanic Hg evasion was 6.6–9.5 % for the two coastal sites. Wildfire impacts on annual TGM were 5.6 % at Saturna, 1.3 % at Egbert, and 2.1 % at Kejimkujik. Background Hg contributions to TGM were greater in the cold season, whereas wildfire and surface re-emission contributions can be significant in the warm season.
A Prototype Passive Microwave Retrieval Algorithm for Tundra Snow Density
Authors: Welch Jeffrey J. , Kelly Richard E. J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Snow density data are important for a variety of applications, yet, to our knowledge, there are no robust methods for estimating spatiotemporal varying snow density in the Arctic environment. The current understanding of snow density variability is largely limited to manual in situ sampling, which is not feasible across large domains like the Canadian Arctic. This research proposes a passive microwave retrieval algorithm for tundra snow density. A two-layer electromagnetic snowpack model, representing depth hoar underlaying a wind slab layer, was used to estimate microwave emissions for use in an inverse model to estimate snow density. The proposed algorithm is predicated on solving the inverse model at boundary conditions for the snowpack layer densities to estimate snow density within a plausible range. An experiment was conducted to assess the algorithm’s ability to reproduce snow density estimates from snow courses at four high arctic sites in the Canadian tundra. The electromagnetic snowpack model was calibrated at one site and then evaluated at the three other sites. Results from the calibration and evaluation sites were similar and the algorithm replicated the density estimates from snow courses well with absolute error values approaching the uncertainty of the reference data (±10 %). The algorithm configuration appears best suited for estimating snow density conditions towards the end of the winter season. With more extensive forcing data (e.g. from global climate models) this algorithm could be applied across the tundra to provide information on snow density at scales that are not currently available.
GHOST: a globally harmonised dataset of surface atmospheric composition measurements
Authors: Bowdalo Dene , Basart Sara , Guevara Marc , Jorba Oriol , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Jaimes Palomera Monica , Rivera Hernandez Olivia , Puchalski Melissa , Gay David , Klausen Jörg , Moreno Sergio , Netcheva Stoyka , Tarasova Oksana
Published: October 2024

Abstract. GHOST (Globally Harmonised Observations in Space and Time) represents one of the biggest collections of harmonised measurements of atmospheric composition at the surface. In total, 7 275 148 646 measurements from 1970 to 2023, of 227 different components from 38 reporting networks, are compiled, parsed, and standardised. The components processed include gaseous species, total and speciated particulate matter, and aerosol optical properties. The main goal of GHOST is to provide a dataset that can serve as a basis for the reproducibility of model evaluation efforts across the community. Exhaustive efforts have been made towards standardising almost every facet of the information provided by major public reporting networks, which is saved in 21 data variables and 163 metadata variables. Extensive effort in particular is made towards the standardisation of measurement process information and station classifications. Extra complementary information is also associated with measurements, such as metadata from various popular gridded datasets (e.g. land use) and temporal classifications per measurement (e.g. day or night). A range of standardised network quality assurance flags is associated with each individual measurement. GHOST's own quality assurance is also performed and associated with measurements. Measurements pre-filtered by the default GHOST quality assurance are also provided. In this paper, we outline all steps undertaken to create the GHOST dataset and give insights and recommendations for data providers based on the experiences gleaned through our efforts. The GHOST dataset is made freely available via the following repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10637449 (Bowdalo, 2024a).
A global–land snow scheme (GLASS) v1.0 for the GFDL Earth System Model: formulation and evaluation at instrumented sites
Authors: Zorzetto Enrico , Malyshev Sergey , Ginoux Paul , Shevliakova Elena
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Snowpacks modulate water storage over extended land regions and at the same time play a central role in the surface albedo feedback, impacting the climate system energy balance. Despite the complexity of snow processes and their importance for both land hydrology and global climate, several state-of-the-art land surface models and Earth System Models still employ relatively simple descriptions of the snowpack dynamics. In this study we present a newly-developed snow scheme tailored to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model version 4.1. This new snowpack model, named GLASS (Global LAnd–Snow Scheme), includes a refined and dynamical vertical-layering snow structure that allows us to track the temporal evolution of snow grain properties in each snow layer, while at the same time limiting the model computational expense, as is necessary for a model suited to global-scale climate simulations. In GLASS, the evolution of snow grain size and shape is explicitly resolved, with implications for predicted bulk snow properties, as they directly impact snow depth, snow thermal conductivity, and optical properties. Here we describe the physical processes in GLASS and their implementation, as well as the interactions with other surface processes and the land–atmosphere coupling in the GFDL Earth System Model. The performance of GLASS is tested over 10 experimental sites, where in situ observations allow for a comprehensive model evaluation. We find that when compared to the current GFDL snow model, GLASS improves predictions of seasonal snow water equivalent, primarily as a consequence of improved snow albedo. The simulated soil temperature under the snowpack also improves by about 1.5 K on average across the sites, while a negative bias of about 1 K in snow surface temperature is observed.
Floods in the Pyrenees: a global view through a regional database
Authors: Llasat María Carmen , Llasat-Botija Montserrat , Pardo Erika , Marcos-Matamoros Raül , Lemus-Canovas Marc
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This paper shows the first systematic dataset of flood episodes referring to the entire Pyrenees massif, named PIRAGUA_flood, which covers the period 1981–2015 (available at http://hdl.handle.net/10261/270351, last access: 21 July 2024). First, the structure of the database is detailed so that it can be reproduced anywhere else in the world, adapting to the specific nature of each situation. Subsequently, the paper addresses the spatial and temporal distribution of flood episodes and events (including trends) that affected the Pyrenees regions of Spain (Catalonia, Aragon, Navarre, the Basque Country), France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Occitanie) and Andorra, as well as the massif as a whole, for a given period of time. In the case of the Spanish regions, it was also possible to analyse the compensation payments by the Spanish Insurance Compensation Consortium and the number of deceased. The weather types associated with flood episodes were also classified based on sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height from ERA5. The results show 181 flood events and 154 fatalities, some of which affected more than one region. In the Spanish part of the Pyrenees, between 1996 and 2015, there was a total compensation payout amounting to EUR 142.5 million (2015). The eastern part of the area records more flood events than the western one, with Catalonia being the community that registered the highest number of events, followed by Andorra and Occitanie. Associated weather types are dominated by the southern component flow over the Pyrenees region, with a talweg on the Iberian Peninsula and a depression in the vicinity, either in the Atlantic or in the Mediterranean. In terms of the entire massif, there is a slight positive trend of 0.84 events per decade, driven by the evolution of ordinary and extraordinary floods but not significant at 95 %. At a regional level, flood behaviour is more heterogeneous, although not significant for the most part. Nouvelle-Aquitaine is the only region that shows a positive and significant trend of 0.34 events per decade.
ECOMAN: an open-source package for geodynamic and seismological modelling of mechanical anisotropy
Authors: Faccenda Manuele , VanderBeek Brandon P. , de Montserrat Albert , Yang Jianfeng , Rappisi Francesco , Ribe Neil
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Mechanical anisotropy related to rock fabrics is a proxy for constraining the Earth's deformation patterns. However, the forward and inverse modelling of mechanical anisotropy in 3D large-scale domains has been traditionally hampered by the intensive computational cost and the lack of a dedicated, open-source computational framework. Here we introduce ECOMAN (Exploring the COnsequences of Mechanical ANisotropy), a software package for modelling strain- and stress-induced rock fabrics and testing the effects of the resulting elastic and viscous anisotropy on seismic imaging and mantle convection patterns. Differently from existing analogous software, ECOMAN can model strain-induced fabrics across all mantle levels and is optimised to run efficiently on multiple CPUs. It also enables modelling of shape preferred orientation (SPO)-related structures that can be superimposed over lattice/crystallographic preferred orientation (LPO/CPO) fabrics, which allows the consideration of the mechanical effects of fluid-filled cracks, foliated and lineated grain-scale fabrics, and rock-scale layering. One of the most important innovations is the Platform for Seismic Imaging (PSI), a set of programs for performing forward and inverse seismic modelling in isotropic–anisotropic media using real or synthetic seismic datasets. The anisotropic inversion strategy is capable of recovering parameters describing a tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) medium, which is required to reconstruct 3D structures and mantle strain patterns and to validate geodynamic models.
Melt sensitivity of irreversible retreat of Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Reed Brad , Green J. A. Mattias , Jenkins Adrian , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar
Published: October 2024

Abstract. In recent decades, glaciers in the Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica have made the largest contribution to mass loss from the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet. Glacier retreat and acceleration have led to concerns about the stability of the region and the effects of future climate change. Coastal thinning and near-synchronous increases in ice flux across neighbouring glaciers suggest that ocean-driven melting is one of the main drivers of mass imbalance. However, the response of individual glaciers to changes in ocean conditions varies according to their local geometry. One of the largest and fastest-flowing of these glaciers, Pine Island Glacier (PIG), underwent a retreat from a subglacial ridge in the 1940s following a period of unusually warm conditions. Despite subsequent cooler periods, the glacier failed to recover back to the ridge and continued retreating to its present-day position. Here, we use the ice-flow model Úa to investigate the sensitivity of this retreat to changes in basal melting. We show that a short period of increased basal melt was sufficient to force the glacier from its stable position on the ridge and undergo an irreversible retreat to the next topographic high. Once high melting begins upstream of the ridge, only near-zero melt rates can stop the retreat, indicating a possible hysteresis in the system. Our results suggest that unstable and irreversible responses to warm anomalies are possible and can lead to substantial changes in ice flux over relatively short periods of only a few decades.
Five Techniques of Osseodensification in One Case
Authors: Sheikh Ibrahim Abdulkarim , Hassan Jaafo Mohamad , Abdo Anas
Published: October 2024

Initial stability of implants is an important factor for the osseointegration of dental implants. Initial stability of implants can be lost when the bone is insufficient in cases of immediate implantation or when the bone density is insufficient, making it difficult to ensure good initial stability. Many techniques have been used to increase bone density. This study tested the use of five methods to increase bone density in one patient. This study concluded that the five methods used were effective in densifying the bone and achieving clinically acceptable primary stability in low-density bone.
A community engagement program to improve awareness for credible online health information
Authors: Austin Shamly , Hughes Emily , Qu Haiyan
Published: October 2024

Background: The volume of online health information available makes it difficult to navigate and check its validity and reliability. A community-based MedlinePlus training program was developed to improve participants’ ability to access credible online health information.
Case Presentation: The program was a public-private partnership between a managed care organization and four local public libraries. A total of eight programs were held between October and November 2017. Each program had a 30-minute cooking demonstration followed by a 30-minute training on access to and navigation of the MedlinePlus website. Program participants were Medicaid beneficiaries, dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, and community members from a Pennsylvania county (n=39). A pre-and post-training questionnaire was administered to assess participants’ knowledge and practice, and their ability to access health information on the MedlinePlus website. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data collected during the MedlinePlus trainings. Results from the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test indicated no statistically significant change in participants’ ability to access information (Z= -1.41, p=0.16) after attending the program.
Conclusion: Although the median pre-to post-program responses improved from ‘incorrect’ to ‘correct,’ the number of programs held, and low attendance might be the reason for non-significant results. Participants reported that the program was informative, the website was comprehensive and user friendly, and they were impressed by the healthy and inexpensive meal preparation from discount store-bought food. Holding MedlinePlus training programs in conjunction with a cooking program and collaborating with local public libraries might be a promising format that needs additional research.
Designing a framework for curriculum building in systematic review competencies for librarians: a case report
Authors: Farris David P. , Lebo Rachael A. , Price Carrie
Published: October 2024

Background: Librarians play an important role on systematic review teams because of their expertise in information organization, database searching, and records management. Many systematic review training opportunities exist, but not all are tailored to the needs of librarians. The Medical Library Association, along with a workgroup of experts on systematic reviews and review services, developed a Systematic Review Services Specialization (SRSS) that was launched in 2022. One of the required courses in the specialization was developed by the authors, who set out to build a value-added curriculum that would provide essential searching skills for librarians working in evidence synthesis domains.
Case Presentation: The authors present a case report on creating a framework for developing a new course in the Medical Library Association's Systematic Review Services Specialization. The objectives of the course were intended to align with six systematic review competencies for librarians developed and published by a group of health science librarians from the University of Michigan in 2017, which include 1) conducting a reference interview, 2) performing preliminary searches, 3) selecting appropriate resources to search, 4) building an extensive, comprehensive, and documented search strategy, 5) peer reviewing search strategies, and 6) reporting search methods. With these objectives in mind, the instructors created four separate modules and an activity.
Conclusion: Systematic review skills for librarians are essential to many health science library jobs since librarians are considered important collaborators within systematic review teams. Through eleven cohorts of the course held over 2022-2024, the authors constructed and delivered a comprehensive curriculum.
THE TRAGEDY OF FELIX FRANKFURTER: FROM CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST TO REACTIONARY JUSTICE
Authors: Finkelman Paul
Published: October 2024

This article reconsiders the life and record of Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter. Frankfurter was smart, hardworking, and talented, serving as a great activist lawyer and important law professor in his early career. When nominated to the court, there were high hopes he would follow Holmes and Brandeis in leading a progressive Court that would protect civil liberties and minority rights. However, it was not to be. On the Court Frankfurter became increasingly conservative and ultimately reactionary. In his opinions, he upheld persecution and discrimination of religious and racial minorities, occasionally hindered racial justice and civil liberties efforts, and opposed due process in criminal trials and fairness in elections. Arrogant and dismissive, he constantly fought with his brethren, alienating almost all of them. In the end Frankfurter was far too often on the wrong side of history, liberty and the law, and even legal ethics. The tragedy of Frankfurter is that he abandoned the constitutional rights and protections that he supported from his graduation from law school until he donned his robes. He could have been a great justice. Sadly, he was not.
Exploring the experiences and educational significance of sodium reduction education among children and teacher
Authors:   The Korean Early Childhood Education and Care Society, Lee Joo Mi , Jang Yu Jin
Published: October 2024

This study is a qualitative study that explores children’s and teachers’ experiences and educational implications of a sodium reduction education program implemented in a daycare center. The subjects of the study were a teacher and twenty 4-year-old children at a public daycare center located in Gyeonggi Province. The study was analyzed by categorizing program plans activity data, children’s and teachers’ experiences, photographs, and interviews data. As a results, the sodium reduction education program using the play-based approach with the ‘Mainashu’ character to help children understand the importance of sodium intake and acquire healthy eating habits. Children gained knowledge about sodium through play and daily routines and became interested in healthy eating habits. Through the play and daily activities related to home (or home-based activities), children were able to accept sodium reduction as an enjoyable experience and apply it to their real life. Meanwhile, although the teacher used various educational materials and methods to effectively convey the concept of sodium and its eating habits to the children, they still experienced difficulties due to the lack of appropriate models or visual materials. In addition, the lack of cooperation from families and the community led to the limitations of sodium reduction education and its effectiveness. Since the eating habits of young children are shaped by their parents and families, it is essential to engage with families in eating-related activities, and it is necessary to increase the educational effectiveness through continuous interaction.
The safety of athletes in the administration of medicinal substances
Authors: Timercan Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the artificial improvement of sports performance, doping opposes the sport principle of encouraging a fair and equitable competition. The use by athletes of different substances and methods for performance improvement represents a flagrant violation of sports ethics rules and Olympic principles. In order to avoid the abusive administration of such medicines and to encourage the true play, World Anti-Doping Agency created and annually updated the list identifying the prohibited substances and prohibited methods in sports (The Prohibited List) as a mandatory International Standard and part of the World Anti-Doping Program. Because many commonly used medicines contain substances included in the World Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List, an athlete who needs to use a prohibited substance or prohibited method for therapeutic reasons must apply for and obtain a Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Olaru-Stavila Catalina , Tcaciuc Eugen , Ardeleanu Denis
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common, severe complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Despite a standardized diagnostic protocol, detection of SBP is usually delayed, which increases the risk of mortality in these patients. This article is a literature review intended to highlight the appropriate diagnosis of SBP. Materials and methods. We have reviewed papers on the diagnosis of SBP, using the Google Academic search engine, the PubMed and ScienceDirect (Elsevier) databases. Results. Gold standard in the diagnosis of SBP is based on the counting of polymorphonuclears (PMN) with a cutoff of >250 cells/mm3 in the ascitic fluid with or without a positive culture. Clinical awareness is essential in identifying candidates at increased risk of SBP, such as those with low protein in ascitic fluid, history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, administration of proton pump inhibitors. It is recommended to perform diagnostic paracentesis in the first 6 hours after hospitalization for all patients with cirrhosis and ascites, especially those with a recent history of upper bleeding, encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, progression of liver failure. Several simple scores and useful markers in the detection of SBP have been evaluated, such as procalcitonin, Il-6, lactoferrin, calprotectin, leukocyte esterase reagent test with the prospect of simplifying and speeding up the diagnosis. Conclusions. Diagnostic paracentesis and PMN counting represents the standard technique for SBP confirmation. Although with good performance, non-invasive markers have not proved their applicability. Further clinical studies are necessary for their validation.
Some considerations of clinical aspects and treatment in digestive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Botnaru-Dub Natalia
Published: October 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is the most common primary location for extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and due to nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis may be delayed. Combined or complex treatment allows good tumor control. The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the clinical and treatment aspects of digestive NHL for the optimization of therapeutic tactics. Material and methods. The clinical and treatment aspects of 55 patients diagnosed with digestive NHL were studied. Results. It was determined that digestive NHLs developed more frequently in patients aged 51-60 years (34,5%). Gastric localization was found most frequently (76.4%). Although damage to the esophagus is exceptionally rare, a case was encountered during this period. According to the degree of spread of the tumor process, most patients were diagnosed in stage IV (61.8%), demonstrating a late addressability and an unfavorable prognosis in the future. The treatment carried out was more often constituted by chemotherapy, followed by the association of surgical treatment. Radiotherapy has been used to enhance the effect, with good tumor control, or palliatively. Conclusions. The combined and complex treatment can significantly increase the effectiveness of the treatment and decrease the frequency of relapses, which can improve the survival rate.
Cultural Heritage as Vehicle for Knowledge Delivery: A Study of Some Selected Yoruba Proverbs
Authors:   Lagos State University of Education Oto/Ijanikin, Dayo Akanmu , Joy Odewumi ,   Lagos State University of Education Oto/Ijanikin, Ngozi Dom-Anyanwu ,   Lagos State University of Education Oto/Ijanikin
Published: October 2024

Yoruba Proverbs are treasured sayings imbued with demonstrated wisdom of ages. Existing studies still need to sufficiently establish its use for nurturing self-identification and a sense of self-worth in pupils. This study examines the gap in learning and proficiency of the Nigerian indigenous languages among pupils to establish its usage for nurturing self-identification and self-worth. The sociological Hermeneutic theory is adopted to describe, explain, and interpret selected proverbs within the content usage in Yoruba. Ten data were purposively selected and subjected to stylistic and descriptive analysis. Findings revealed that proverbs are stylistically suitable to smoothen conversation and functional for knowledge delivery.
The Representation of the Rural Landscape and 124 Bluestone Road as Sites of Traumatic Memory in Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Authors:   University of Craiova, Mihaela Ivan
Published: October 2024

In our article we argue that, in Beloved, Morrison’s narrative technique employs the rural environment and this enigmatic house as potent metaphors for the inescapable burden of history and the complexity of memory. As we traverse the terrain of Morrison’s literary landscape, we explore how these sites of traumatic memory serve as powerful tools for engaging with and confronting the past. We highlight the critical importance of recognizing and reckoning with the painful past, ultimately inviting readers to confront their own relationship with history and memory.
Motivasi kerja dan etos kerja islam terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan mediasi disiplin kerja: Studi pada PT Astra International Tbk Cabang Ungaran
Authors: Kaironi Kaironi , Fitriyani Endah Nur
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of Islamic work motivation and work ethic on employee performance, with work discipline as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative method with a population employed by PT Astra International Ungaran Branch. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with 34 respondents. Data analysis used path analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that Islamic work motivation and work ethic have a positive effect on work discipline. However, Islamic work motivation and work ethic do not affect employee performance. On the contrary, work discipline has a positive effect on employee performance. Another result is that work discipline was able to mediate the influence of Islamic work motivation and work ethic on employee performance.
Perceived value dan brand trust terhadap purchase intention dengan mediasi brand preference
Authors: Latifah Silvi Zulia , Fikriah Nur Laili
Published: October 2024

This study aims to identify the mediating role of brand preference in the relationship between perceived value, brand trust, and intent to buy. Data for this study came from a Google Forms survey that used a quantitative methodology with a descriptive focus. The study sites are the five cities in East Java—Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Jember, Malang, and Banyuwangi. The sample size was chosen using the Ferdinand method, and the sample consisted of 200 respondents. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. An SEM based on Partial Least Square (PLS) is used to analyze the data. The study results show that perceived value and brand trust influenced purchase intention. Perceived value and brand trust influence brand preference, and brand preference influences purchase intention. Other results show that brand preference can mediate the effect of perceived value brand trust on purchase intention on Ventela Shoes products in the Shopee marketplace.
APLICAÇÃO DA IMUNOFENOTIPAGEM POR CITOMETRIA DE FLUXO NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE DOENÇA LINFOPROLIFERATIVA
Authors: Borges JPD , Sousa ISMA , Silva TF , Rinaldi AR , Gonçalves LJB , Lima FM , Oliveira PAF , Carvalho AC , Medeiros Junior N
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A síndrome de Sézary (SS) é uma variante leucêmica rara que corresponde a 2% dos casos de linfomas cutâneos de células T. Caracteriza-se por eritrodermia, linfadenopatia periférica e presença de células de Sézary na pele, nos linfonodos e no sangue. As células de Sézary são linfócitos T maduros, de tamanho pequeno a médio, com núcleos convolutos, exibindo fenótipo CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, com perda variável da expressão de CD7(1,2). Este relato objetivou descrever e correlacionar os achados laboratoriais na elucidação de um caso de evolução de micose fungoide para SS. Método: Paciente E. S. P., 68 anos, sexo masculino, com histórico de prolapso de válvula mitral, refere o surgimento de lesões de pele há um ano e intenso prurido, que evolui com piora das lesões e linfonodos palpáveis em axila direita. Foram solicitados exames laboratoriais, biópsia de pele e imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo (IMF). Conclusão: Observou-se presença de epidermotropismo de linfócitos médios e grandes, com atipia e contornos irregulares, na biópsia das lesões. A avaliação anatomopatológica e imuno-histoquímica demonstrou micose fungoide transformada. Realizou-se avaliação da clonalidade em pele e sangue periférico, o que demonstrou a presença de população monoclonal para o gene gama do receptor de célula T. A IMF de linfócitos na medula óssea e no sangue mostrou a presença de 91,33% e 94% de linfócitos anômalos, respectivamente, com fenótipo CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, TCRab+, CD8-, CD7-, CD26-. No hemograma, observou-se leve anemia e leucocitose (104,22 mil/mm³) com predomínio de linfócitos; a maioria deles é composta por células linfoides anômalas, com morfologia sugestiva de células de Sézary. Pesquisa de células de Sézary positiva. Sorologia para HTLV 1/2 e HIV 1/2 negativas. Esses achados laboratoriais corroboram para o diagnóstico inicial de micose fungoide transformada, seguida de acometimento de sangue periférico, caracterizando a SS. Referências: 1. National Library of Medicine. Disponível em: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK499874/. 2. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. Doi: 10.1016/j.abdp.2020.12.007.
CRITÉRIOS PARA LIBERAÇÃO DE NEUTRÓFILOS BASTONADOS E OUTROS PARÂMETROS RELACIONADOS COM A INFECÇÃO BACTERIANA
Authors: Pilger DA , Sebotaio MC
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a estabilidade de amostras coletadas para os exames de TAP, TTPa e fibrinogênio ao longo de 10 horas em comparação com a estabilidade descrita na literatura e pelo fabricante dos reagentes, verificando a aceitabilidade de amostras com um prazo maior entre a coleta e a dosagem, sem impacto na conduta clínica. Método: Dosagem de quatro tubos de citrato de sódio 3,2% de 40 voluntários em tempos de até 4 h, 6 h, 8 h e 10 h. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a dosagem realizada em até 4 horas (padrão-ouro), e o erro total das amostras foi avaliado. Os tubos ficaram em temperatura ambiente controlada de 15°C a 25°C e foram centrifugados em 3.000 rpm por 15 minutos antes da dosagem, simulando o acondicionamento das amostras enviadas ao laboratório. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demostraram segurança na dosagem de amostras da coagulação mesmo 10 horas após a coleta. Para resultados de TAP, 95% das amostras ficaram dentro do erro total esperado; para TTPa, apenas 7,8% das amostras dosadas ficaram fora do erro total esperado; já para o fibrinogênio, mais de 98% das dosagens ficaram dentro do range esperado. Além disso, mesmo os resultados fora do range esperado não apresentaram impacto na clínica e nem afetariam a conduta médica, se necessária. Os estudos comprovaram não haver perda significativa de estabilidade para os testes de TAP, TTPa e fibrinogênio testados 10 horas após a coleta. Todos os resultados apresentaram estabilidade do ponto de vista médico, sem mudanças no significado clínico, certificando, assim, a análise de amostras de coagulação com prazo de até 10 horas após a coleta. Referências: 1. Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial (SBPC/ML): fatores pré-analíticos e interferentes em ensaios laboratoriais. 2020. 2. Silva PH, Hashimoto Y. Visão laboratorial da hemostasia primária e secundária. 2016.
ESTUDO DE VALIDAÇÃO DA ESTABILIDADE PRÉANALÍTICA ESTENDIDA PARA EXAMES DE COAGULAÇÃO
Authors: Nakatani SCQ , Sluzala MF , Silva CCB , Canali DGR , Fujita AS
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a estabilidade de amostras coletadas para os exames de TAP, TTPa e fibrinogênio ao longo de 10 horas em comparação com a estabilidade descrita na literatura e pelo fabricante dos reagentes, verificando a aceitabilidade de amostras com um prazo maior entre a coleta e a dosagem, sem impacto na conduta clínica. Método: Dosagem de quatro tubos de citrato de sódio 3,2% de 40 voluntários em tempos de até 4 h, 6 h, 8 h e 10 h. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a dosagem realizada em até 4 horas (padrão-ouro), e o erro total das amostras foi avaliado. Os tubos ficaram em temperatura ambiente controlada de 15°C a 25°C e foram centrifugados em 3.000 rpm por 15 minutos antes da dosagem, simulando o acondicionamento das amostras enviadas ao laboratório. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados demostraram segurança na dosagem de amostras da coagulação mesmo 10 horas após a coleta. Para resultados de TAP, 95% das amostras ficaram dentro do erro total esperado; para TTPa, apenas 7,8% das amostras dosadas ficaram fora do erro total esperado; já para o fibrinogênio, mais de 98% das dosagens ficaram dentro do range esperado. Além disso, mesmo os resultados fora do range esperado não apresentaram impacto na clínica e nem afetariam a conduta médica, se necessária. Os estudos comprovaram não haver perda significativa de estabilidade para os testes de TAP, TTPa e fibrinogênio testados 10 horas após a coleta. Todos os resultados apresentaram estabilidade do ponto de vista médico, sem mudanças no significado clínico, certificando, assim, a análise de amostras de coagulação com prazo de até 10 horas após a coleta. Referências: 1. Recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial (SBPC/ML): fatores pré-analíticos e interferentes em ensaios laboratoriais. 2020. 2. Silva PH, Hashimoto Y. Visão laboratorial da hemostasia primária e secundária. 2016.
HEMOGRAMA: DETERMINAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DOS VALORES DE REFERÊNCIA NO TERCEIRO TRIMESTRE GESTACIONAL
Authors: Macedo AA , Dusse LMS , Alpoim PN
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: A gestação é uma condição clínica particular, na qual ocorrem ajustes complexos no organismo a fim de permitir o desenvolvimento do feto. Uma dessas alterações, por exemplo, envolve o perfil hematológico, que passa por um aumento do volume plasmático sem acréscimo proporcional da massa eritrocitária. Visto a ausência da padronização dos valores de referência (VRs) dos parâmetros do hemograma (HEM) durante a gestação, objetivou-se, neste estudo, determinar os valores de referência dos parâmetros do HEM no terceiro trimestre de gestação. Método: A coleta de dados do HEM das gestantes saudáveis (n = 121) foi feita de maneira retrospectiva em prontuários médicos. Os VRs para todos os parâmetros do HEM foram calculados utilizando testes não paramétricos para encontrar os percentis 2,5 e 97,5 da população estudada. Conclusão: Os seguintes resultados foram encontrados: Hm (× 106/mm3) 3,3-4,93; Hb (g/dl) 9,41-14,97; Ht (%) 28,14-43,89; VCM (fl) 75-99,19; HCM (pg) 24,43-34,19; CHCM (g/dl) 31,6-35,59; RDW (%) 11,6-17,8; leucócitos (/mm3); 6190,5-14285,5; segmentados (/mm3) 3773,4-11254,65; bastonetes (/mm3) 0-401,85; basófilos (/mm3) 0-129,95; linfócitos (/mm3) 657,05-3456,85; monócitos (/mm3) 157,15-1110; plaquetas (× 103/mm3) 134,4-384,15. Para quantificar e avaliar a variabilidade dentro dos valores de referência, foram usados os intervalos de confiança (ICs). Observando a literatura, vemos que, para alguns parâmetros mesmo sem um IC adequado, encontramos suporte para esses resultados, como, por exemplo, os nossos limites inferiores de Hm, Hb, Ht, VCM, CHCM e o limite superior de linfócitos e o da global de leucócitos que foram muito similares aos valores da literatura internacional. Cumpre ressaltar que não há ainda nenhum estudo que visou determinar os VRs do HEM no terceiro trimestre da gestação saudável na população brasileira, o que destaca o ineditismo do presente estudo. A divulgação dos resultados desta pesquisa certamente contribuirá para o monitoramento das gestantes brasileiras.