bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on surface enhanced Raman scattering of Au and Au@Al2O3 spherical dimers based on 3D finite element method
Authors: Yan Bao-xin , Zhu Yan-ying , Wei Yong , Pei Huan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characteristics of Au and Au@Al2O3 nanoparticle dimers were calculated and analyzed by using finite element method (3D-FEM). Firstly, the electric field enhancement factors of Au nanoparticles at the dimer gap were optimized from three aspects: the incident angle of the incident light, the radius of nanoparticle and the distance of the dimer. Then, aluminum oxide is wrapped on the Au dimer. What is different from the previous simulation is that Al2O3 shell and Au core are regarded as a whole and the total radius of Au@Al2O3 dimer is controlled to remain unchanged. By comparing the distance of Au nucleus between Au and Au@Al2O3 dimer, it is found that the electric field enhancement factor of Au@Al2O3 dimer is much greater than that of Au dimer with the increase of Al2O3 thickness. The peak of electric field of Au@Al2O3 dimer moves towards the middle of the resonance peak of the two materials, and it is more concentrated than that of the Au dimer. The maximum electric field enhancement factor 583 is reached at the shell thickness of 1 nm. Our results provide a theoretical reference for the design of SERS substrate and the extension of the research scope.
Chemical bonding and Born charge in 1T-HfS2
Authors: Neal S. N. , Li S. , Birol T. , Musfeldt J. L.
Published: April 2021

We combine infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies to explore the properties of the heavy transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-HfS2. We employ the LO–TO splitting of the Eu vibrational mode along with a reevaluation of mode mass, unit cell volume, and dielectric constant to reveal the Born effective charge. We find $${Z}_{{\rm{B}}}^{* }$$

Z

B

*

 = 5.3e, in excellent agreement with complementary first-principles calculations. In addition to resolving the controversy over the nature of chemical bonding in this system, we decompose Born charge into polarizability and local charge. We find α = 5.07 Å3 and Z* = 5.2e, respectively. Polar displacement-induced charge transfer from sulfur p to hafnium d is responsible for the enhanced Born charge compared to the nominal 4+ in hafnium. 1T-HfS2 is thus an ionic crystal with strong and dynamic covalent effects. Taken together, our work places the vibrational properties of 1T-HfS2 on a firm foundation and opens the door to understanding the properties of tubes and sheets.
The role of supercritical carbon dioxide for recovery of shale gas and sequestration in gas shale reservoirs
Authors: Lyu Qiao , Tan Jingqiang , Li Lei , Ju Yiwen , Busch Andreas , Wood David A. , Ranjith Pathegama Gamage , Middleton Richard , Shu Biao , Hu Chenger , Wang Zhanghu , Hu Ruining
Published: April 2021

This review summarizes the potential and challenges of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) enhanced shale gas recovery and sequestration in shale reservoirs.
High-performance diluted nickel nanoclusters decorating ruthenium nanowires for pH-universal overall water splitting
Authors: Zhu Ting , Liu Shangheng , Huang Bin , Shao Qi , Wang Man , Li Fan , Tan Xinyue , Pi Yecan , Weng Shih-Chang , Huang Bolong , Hu Zhiwei , Wu Jianbo , Qian Yong , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: April 2021

The diluted nickel nanoclusters-enhanced strategy has been successfully proposed that gives an optimal thermodynamic effect for enhancing the electron-transfer capability, with superior performance for pH-universal overall water splitting.
Practical access to fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives via didehydro-Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Chen Xia , Zhong Cheng , Lu Yuling , Yao Meng , Guan Zhenhua , Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Luo Zengwei , Zhang Yonghui
Published: April 2021

A practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives has been developed from readily available starting materials via an intramolecular didehydro-Diels–Alder reaction.
Copper sulfide nanoparticles with potential bifunctional properties: supercapacitor and photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Shuang-long , Gong Li-ge , Zhao Xin-yu , Wang Chun-xiao , Liang Qiu-lan , Zhang Wen-jia , Wang Li-ying , Yu Kai , Dai Yu , Zhou Bai-bin
Published: April 2021

Pure hexagonal CuS nanoparticles with stable high capacitance and photocatalytic activity were obtained by a mild solvothermal method.
Exploring promising gas sensing and highly active catalysts for CO oxidation: transition-metal (Fe, Co and Ni) adsorbed Janus MoSSe monolayers
Authors: Guo Jia-Xing , Wu Shao-Yi , Zhong Si-Ying , Zhang Gao-Jun , Yu Xing-Yuan , Wu Li-Na
Published: April 2021

From first-principles calculations, the transition-metal (TM) atom (Fe, Co and Ni) adsorbed Janus MoSSe monolayer, toxic gas molecules (CO, NH3 and H2S) adsorbed on Ni-MoSSe monolayers and CO catalytic oxidation on Fe-MoSSe monolayers are systematically investigated.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions under aqueous, mild conditions using polymeric additive HPMC
Authors: Borlinghaus Niginia , Ansari Tharique N. , von Garrel Leon H. , Ogulu Deborah , Handa Sachin , Wittmann Valentin , Braje Wilfried M.
Published: April 2021

A general, efficient, and sustainable method for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions in water using a cellulose-based additive was developed.
Identification of tectoridin as the inhibitor of FTO by isothermal titration calorimetric and spectroscopic methods
Authors: Li Xitong , Gao Shuting , Zhang Ning , Zhang Miao , Wang Ruiyong , Chang Junbiao
Published: April 2021

The characteristics of binding between tectoridin and the fat mass and obesity-associated protein were investigated.
Regulation of π⋯π stacking interactions between triimidazole luminophores and comprehensive emission quenching by coordination to Cu(ii)
Authors: Melnic Elena , Kravtsov Victor Ch. , Lucenti Elena , Cariati Elena , Forni Alessandra , Siminel Nikita , Fonari Marina S.
Published: April 2021

Pioneering work demonstrating coordination preferences towards Cu(ii) of unexplored cyclic triimidazole-based luminophores and their favorable stacking patterns in coordination compounds.
The synthesis of mechanically stable polybenzoxazine-based porous carbon and its application as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Thirukumaran Periyasamy , Atchudan Raji , Shakila Parveen Asrafali , Lee Yong Rok , Kim Seong-Cheol
Published: April 2021

Nitrogen self-doped mesoporous carbon is synthesized from a novel polybenzoxazine and used as an electrode for supercapacitor applications.
A hierarchical CuO@NiCo layered double hydroxide core–shell nanoarray as an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Cao Yang , Wang Ting , Li Xue , Zhang Longcheng , Luo Yonglan , Zhang Fang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hu Jianming , Liu Qian , Sun Xuping
Published: April 2021

A hierarchical CuO@NiCo LDH core–shell nanoarray on copper foil (CuO@NiCo LDH/CF) acts as an efficient and durable oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst, capable of driving 20 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 256 mV in 1.0 M KOH.
Catalyst-free synthesis of oxazol-2(3H)-ones from sulfilimines and diazo compounds through a tandem rearrangement/aziridination/ring-expansion reaction
Authors: Song Lina , Tian Xianhai , Han Chunyu , Amanpur Mehran , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: April 2021

Oxazol-2(3H)-ones play a significant role in the fields of organic synthesis and drug development.
Multifunctional liquid marbles to stabilize and transport reactive fluids
Authors: Harsha Lankipalli , Bhuyan Tamanna , Maity Surjendu , Mondal Pranab K , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: April 2021

Storage and transport of H2O2microdroplets using magnetic liquid marbles: from oil spill recovery to antibacterial applications.
Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Benefit From Audiovisual Speech Cues and Supportive Sentence Context
Authors: Chauvin Alexandre , Baum Shari , Phillips Natalie A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Speech perception in noise becomes difficult with age but can be facilitated by audiovisual (AV) speech cues and sentence context in healthy older adults. However, individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may present with deficits in AV integration, potentially limiting the extent to which they can benefit from AV cues. This study investigated the benefit of these cues in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), individuals with AD, and healthy older adult controls.

Method

This study compared auditory-only and AV speech perception of sentences presented in noise. These sentences had one of two levels of context: high (e.g., “Stir your coffee with a spoon”) and low (e.g., “Bob didn't think about the spoon”). Fourteen older controls (
M
age
= 72.71 years,
SD
= 9.39), 13 individuals with MCI (
M
age
= 79.92 years,
SD
= 5.52), and nine individuals with probable Alzheimer's-type dementia (
M
age
= 79.38 years,
SD
= 3.40) completed the speech perception task and were asked to repeat the terminal word of each sentence.

Results

All three groups benefited (i.e., identified more terminal words) from AV and sentence context. Individuals with MCI showed a smaller AV benefit compared to controls in low-context conditions, suggesting difficulties with AV integration. Individuals with AD showed a smaller benefit in high-context conditions compared to controls, indicating difficulties with AV integration and context use in AD.

Conclusions

Individuals with MCI and individuals with AD do benefit from AV speech and semantic context during speech perception in noise (albeit to a lower extent than healthy older adults). This suggests that engaging in face-to-face communication and providing ample context will likely foster more effective communication between patients and caregivers, professionals, and loved ones.
Studying the ISM at ∼10 pc scale in NGC 7793 with MUSE
Authors: Della Bruna Lorenza , Adamo Angela , Lee Janice C. , Smith Linda J. , Krumholz Mark , Bik Arjan , Calzetti Daniela , Fox Anne , Fumagalli Michele , Grasha Kathryn , Messa Matteo , Östlin Göran , Walterbos Rene , Wofford Aida
Published: April 2021

Context. Feedback from massive stars affects the interstellar medium (ISM) from the immediate surroundings of the stars (parsec scales) to galactic (kiloparsec) scales. High-spatial resolution studies of H II regions are critical to investigate how this mechanism operates.

Aims. We study the ionised ISM in NGC 7793 with the MUSE instrument at ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT), over a field of view (FoV) of ∼2 kpc2 and at a spatial resolution of ∼10 pc. The aim is to link the physical conditions of the ionised gas (reddening, ionisation status, abundance measurements) within the spatially resolved H II regions to the properties of the stellar populations producing Lyman continuum photons.

Methods. The analysis of the MUSE dataset, which provides a map of the ionised gas and a census of Wolf Rayet stars, is complemented with a sample of young star clusters (YSCs) and O star candidates observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and of giant molecular clouds traced in CO(2–1) emission with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We estimated the oxygen abundance using a temperature-independent strong-line method. We determined the observed total amount of ionising photons (Q(H0)) from the extinction corrected Hα luminosity. This estimate was then compared to the expected Q(H0) obtained by summing the contributions of YSCs and massive stars. The ratio of the two values gives an estimate for the escape fraction (fesc) of photons in the region of interest. We used the [S II]/[O III] ratio as a proxy for the optical depth of the gas and classified H II regions into ionisation bounded, or as featuring channels of optically thin gas. We compared the resulting ionisation structure with the computed fesc. We also investigated the dependence of fesc on the age spanned by the stellar population in each region.

Results. We find a median oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H) ∼ 8.37, with a scatter of 0.25 dex, which is in agreement with previous estimates for our target. We furthermore observe that the abundance map of H II regions is rich in substructures, surrounding clusters and massive stars, although clear degeneracies with photoionisation are also observed. From the population synthesis analysis, we find that YSCs located in H II regions have a higher probability of being younger and less massive as well as of emitting a higher number of ionising photons than clusters in the rest of the field. Overall, we find fesc,HII = 0.67−0.12+0.08 for the population of H II regions. We also conclude that the sources of ionisation observed within the FoV are more than sufficient to explain the amount of diffuse ionised gas (DIG) observed in this region of the galaxy. We do not observe a systematic trend between the visual appearance of H II regions and fesc, pointing to the effect of 3D geometry in the small sample probed.
Modelling rebrightenings, reflares, and echoes in dwarf nova outbursts
Authors: Hameury J.-M. , Lasota J.-P.
Published: April 2021

Context. The disc instability model (DIM) accounts well for most of the observed properties of dwarf novae and soft X-ray transients, but the rebrightenings, reflares, and echoes occurring at the end of outbursts or shortly after in WZ Sge stars or soft X-ray transients have not yet been convincingly explained by any model.

Aims. We determine the additional ingredients that must be added to the DIM to account for the observed rebrightenings.

Methods. We analyse in detail a recently discovered system, TCP J21040470+4631129, which has shown very peculiar rebrightenings. We also model the light curve of this system using our numerical code, including mass transfer variations from the secondary, inner–disc truncation, disc irradiation by a hot white dwarf and, in some cases, the mass-transfer stream over(under) flow.

Results. We show that the luminosity in quiescence is dominated by a hot white dwarf that cools down on timescales of months. For a reason that remains elusive, the mass transfer rate from the secondary has to increase by several orders of magnitudes during the initial superoutburst. The mass transfer rate slowly returns to its secular average and causes the observed succession of outbursts with increasing quiescence durations until the disc can be steady, cold, and neutral; its inner parts are truncated either by the white dwarf magnetic field or by evaporation. The very short, quiescence phases between reflares are reproduced when the mass-transfer stream overflows the disc. Using similar additions to the DIM, we also produced light curves close to those observed in two WZ Sge stars, the prototype and EG Cnc.

Conclusions. Our model successfully explains the reflares observed in WZ Sge systems. It requires, however, the inner disc truncation in dwarf novae to be due not only to the white dwarf magnetic field but, as in X-ray binaries, rather to evaporation of the inner disc. A similar model could also explain reflares observed in soft X-ray transients.
Differenzialdiagnostik von Aussprachestörungen – kindliche Sprechapraxie vs. phonologische Aussprachestörung bei Kindern im Alter von 4;6–5;11 Jahren
Authors: Holl Hanna , Becker-Redding Ulrike , Kröger Bernd J.
Published: April 2021

Für die Therapie kindlicher Aussprachestörungen ist die diagnostische Abgrenzung zwischen kindlicher Sprechapraxie (KSAX) und phonologischer Aussprachestörung (PAS) wichtig. Während für die Diagnostik einer PAS Diagnostikmaterial zur Verfügung steht, ist das Expertenurteil Goldstandard in der Diagnostik einer KSAX. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Definition von Testungen zur Differenzialdiagnostik von KSAX und PAS für deutschsprachige Kinder im Alter von 4;6–5;11 Jahren. Die Stichprobe umfasst 8 Kinder mit KSAX und 5 Kindern mit PAS. Es werden die Ergebnisse der PLAKSS-II mit Inkonsequenztest, Test zum Nachsprechen von Lauten, Test zu konsistenten Wiederholungen von Lauten und Wörtern und Test zu oralmotorischen Fähigkeiten, in denen signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen (KSAX vs. PAS) vorliegen, vorgestellt. Daraus können konkrete Realisierungen zur Differenzialdiagnostik von KSAX und PAS für deutschsprachige Kinder abgeleitet werden. Die Erprobung der Testungen an einer größeren Stichprobe ist notwendig.
Implementierung der ernährungsmedizinischen Komplexbehandlung im klinischen Alltag
Authors: Müller Anja , Weimann Arved
Published: April 2021

Einem seit vielen Jahren bestehenden Anliegen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin e. V. entsprechend wurde 2019 vom Deutschen Institut für Dokumentation und Information der OPS-Code Ernährungsmedizinische Komplexbehandlung 8-98j 1 eingeführt. Damit ist es unter klaren Vorgaben nun besser möglich, in der klinischen Ernährungsmedizin die ernährungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen und den damit verbundenen Aufwand erlösrelevant abzubilden. Voraussetzung für die Erlösrelevanz ist jedoch zunächst die breite Implementierung der Codierung im klinischen Alltag der Kalkulationskrankenhäuser des Instituts für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (INEK).

Im Laufe des letzten Jahres wurden auf Kongressen und in der Fachpresse immer wieder die strukturellen Anforderungen und Voraussetzungen für die Codierung erläutert.

Im Folgenden sollen die Schwierigkeiten der Implementierung aus der Sicht eines Kalkulationskrankenhauses mit Erfahrung in der klinischen Ernährung und einem Ernährungsteam (Ernährungsmediziner, Ökotrophologe, Ernährungsfachkraft) mitgeteilt werden.
Editorial
Authors: Lim Adrian
Published: April 2021

During these difficult and unprecedented times, I am proud to introduce this quarters
issue of Ultrasound International Open which is packed with high quality
articles.
Die Sensibilitätstestung an der Hand
Authors: Zumhasch Rainer
Published: April 2021

Die Sensibilitätstestung ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Befunderhebung. Erfahren Sie, welche Sensibilitätsqualitäten uns die unterschiedlichen Hautsensoren vermitteln, und mit welchen Testverfahren wir sie überprüfen können.
Desensibilisierung oder Sensibilitätstraining?
Authors: Packham Tara ,   (übersetzt aus dem Englischen von Nicole Meyer)
Published: April 2021

Handtherapeuten begegnen sensiblen Störungen mit Sensibilitätstraining oder Desensibilisierungstechniken. Doch oft sind sowohl die Begrifflichkeiten als auch die entsprechenden Behandlungsmaßnahmen nicht klar voneinander abgegrenzt. Tara Packham erklärt die Unterschiede, prüft kritisch die vorhandene Evidenz und schlägt schließlich einen Algorithmus für die Behandlung dieser Störungen vor.
Wieder Ruhe einkehren lassen
Authors: Welsch Katja
Published: April 2021

Chronischer Reizhusten kann verschiedene Ursachen haben, zum Beispiel ein vorangegangener Atemwegsinfekt, Asthma bronchiale – oder er tritt als Medikamentennebenwirkung auf. In der homöopathischen Praxis sind bei der Behandlung von chronischem Reizhusten in der Anamnese insbesondere die Modalitäten zu erheben, um das richtige Mittel zu finden. Die Homöopathika Drosera, Rumex crispus, Stannum metallicum und Sticta pulmonaria kommen erfahrungsgemäß bei der Behandlung von chronischem Reizhusten besonders oft zum Einsatz.
Orthesenversorgung und Elektrostimulation der oberen Extremität nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Böing Thorsten
Published: April 2021

Unzureichende muskuläre Ansteuerung, Beugekontraktur der Flexoren und Subluxation des Humeruskopfes: Nach einem Schlaganfall benötigen Betroffene oftmals intensive Therapie. Die Studienlage zur Hilfsmittelversorgung der oberen Extremität ist jedoch eher dünn.
Gemeinsamer Nenner individueller Fälle
Authors: Jahn Claus
Published: April 2021

Wenn ein akuter Entzündungsprozess nicht vom Organismus beseitigt werden kann, kann sich dieser chronifizieren und dauerhaft Ressourcen verbrauchen. Chronifizierte Entzündungsprozesse verursachen oft nicht nur am ursprünglichen Ort des Geschehens Beschwerden – es kann zu sogenannten Fernwirkungen kommen. Chronische Erkrankungen bedingen zumeist eine intensive, diagnostische Suche nach den verantwortlichen Mechanismen und den betroffenen Organsystemen.
Anticoagulation in Patients with Platelet Disorders
Authors: Zaninetti Carlo , Thiele Thomas
Published: April 2021

Platelet disorders comprise heterogeneous diseases featured by reduced platelet counts and/or impaired platelet function causing variable bleeding symptoms. Despite their bleeding diathesis, patients with platelet disorders can develop transient or permanent prothrombotic conditions that necessitate prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation. Anticoagulation in patients with platelet disorders is a matter of concern because the bleeding risk could add to the hemorrhagic risk related to the platelet defect. This review provides an overview on the evidence on anticoagulation in patients with acquired and inherited thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction. We summarize tools to evaluate and balance bleeding— and thrombotic risks and describe a practical approach on how to manage these patients if they have an indication for prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation.
Der geriatrische Traumapatient
Authors: Schütze Konrad , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter H.
Published: April 2021

Die prähospitale, stationäre und poststationäre Versorgung von immer mehr hochbetagten Patienten mit typischen alterstraumatologischen Frakturen stellt eine Herausforderung für Rettungsdienst, Krankenhäuser und Krankenkassen dar. Diese Herausforderungen in der Behandlung der alterstraumatologischen „Big Five“ soll im Fokus dieses Artikels stehen.
Heidelberger Meilenstein Kommunikation (HeiMeKOM) –
Erfahrungen, Best Practice Beispiele und Empfehlungen aus dem
Abschluss-Symposium am 30./31. Januar 2020
Authors: Villalobos Matthias , Deis Nicole , Wesselmann Simone , Seufferlein Thomas , Ehlers Frauke , Mahler Cornelia , Letsch Anne , Bausewein Claudia , Krones Tanja , Gaiser Karin , Engeser Peter , Kanzler Melanie , Lauerer Michael , Siegle Anja , Unsöld Laura , Krug Katja , Bossert Jasmin , Nagel Eckhard , Jünger Jana , Wensing Michel , Thomas Michael
Published: April 2021

Der Nationale Krebsplan hebt die Bedeutung der ärztlichen
Kommunikation hervor und fordert deren Integration in die medizinische Aus-
und Weiterbildung. In diesem Sinne begegnet das Konzept der Heidelberger
Meilenstein Kommunikation den besonderen Herausforderungen im Umgang mit
Lungenkrebspatientnnen mit einem interprofessionellen, strukturierten und
vorausschauenden Ansatz. Interprofessionelle Tandems, bestehend aus
ÄrztInnen und Pflegefachpersonen, führen gemeinsam
strukturierte Gespräche zu definierten Zeitpunkten im
Erkrankungsverlauf mit LungenkrebspatientInnen und deren Angehörigen
durch. Das Konzept zielt auf Sensitivität im Hinblick auf die
Präferenzen der PatientInnen und hat die vorausschauende gemeinsame
Entscheidungsfindung, Kontinuität in der Betreuung von
LungenkrebspatientInnen sowie das frühe Erkennen und Behandeln
palliativer Erkrankungsstadien zum Ziel. Im Rahmen eines
abschließenden Symposiums zur Heidelberger Meilenstein Kommunikation
(30.–31.01.2020) wurden Empfehlungen zur Versorgungssituation von
LungenkrebspatientInnen im fortgeschrittenen Stadium erarbeitet.
Darüber hinaus wurden die weiterführende
Übertragbarkeit von HeiMeKOM in andere Settings und Kliniken und auf
andere Erkrankungen sowie die Möglichkeit der Abbildung eines
solchen Konzeptes in der Regelversorgung diskutiert. Dieser Artikel stellt
die im Rahmen des Symposiums diskutierten Erfahrungen, Best Practice
Beispiele und Empfehlungen vor, um deren Übertragbarkeit auf andere,
ähnlich ausgerichtete Projekte zu ermöglichen. Langfristig
angestrebt wird die Übertragung des Meilenstein-Konzeptes in andere
Kliniken, vorrangig zertifizierte Lungenkrebszentren sowie die
Überführung in eine dauerhafte Finanzierung. Für die
Weiterverbreitung dieser therapeutischen Innovation und vor allem
für die Überführung in die Regelversorgung ist neben
der Integration des Konzeptes in Kompetenzkataloge der ärztlichen
Weiterbildung sowie der Pflegefortbildung v. a. gesundheitspolitische
Unterstützung erforderlich.
Verletzungshäufigkeit und -prävalenz beim CrossFit® in Deutschland
Authors: Isenmann Eduard , Gavanda Simon , Czudaj Jule , Schrey Sascha , Geisler Stephan
Published: April 2021

CrossFit® (CF) bedient sich ständig variierender funktioneller Bewegungen in sogenannten „Workouts of the Day“ (WOD), die oft unter Zeitdruck ausgeführt werden. CF wird daher oft kritisiert, da es möglicherweise ein hohes Verletzungsrisiko birgt. Es existieren Studien zu Verletzungshäufigkeiten beim CF aus den USA, den Niederlanden und Brasilien. Vergleichbare Untersuchungen liegen aus Deutschland bislang nicht vor. Daher war das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie mit Hilfe einer Befragung retrospektiv Verletzungen und Überlastungssyndrome im CF zu analysieren.

Anhand eines Online-Fragebogens mit 32 Fragen wurden demografische Merkmale sowie Informationen zum absolvierten Training, der Verletzungshäufigkeit, Körperregion und Verletzungsursache der letzten 12 Monate erfasst. Nur Athletinnen und Athleten, die in einer zertifizierten CF Box trainierten, wurden bei der Auswertung berücksichtigt (n = 577, 32,5 ± 8,2 Jahre; Altersspanne 16-61 Jahre). 53 % der Befragten waren weiblich und 47 % waren männlich. Die meisten Athletinnen und Athleten (90 %) wurden als Fortgeschrittene eingestuft (> 6 Monate CF Trainingserfahrung) und 10 % als Anfänger (≤ 6 Monate CF Trainingserfahrung). Fortgeschrittene trainierten signifikant häufiger als Anfänger (3,7 ± 1,3 vs. 2,8 ± 1,3 Trainingseinheiten / Woche; p < 0,001). Die Hälfte der Befragten erlitt in den letzten 12 Monaten mindestens eine Verletzung, bei 12 % traten zwei und bei 3 % mehr als drei Verletzungen in diesem Zeitraum auf. Es wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Verletzungshäufigkeit zwischen Männern und Frauen gefunden (p = 0,78), jedoch erlitten Fortgeschrittene signifikant mehr Verletzungen als Anfänger (0,7 ± 0,8 vs. 0,4 ± 0,6, p = 0,002). Die meisten Verletzungen traten während des WOD auf (48 %), gefolgt von Langhanteltraining (21 %). Die am häufigsten betroffenen Stellen waren die Schulter (23 %), der untere Rücken (18 %) und das Knie (10 %).

Anhand der vorliegenden Ergebnisse wird vermutet, dass eine höhere Trainingshäufigkeit ein möglicher Faktor darstellt, welcher Verletzungen begünstigt. Daher sollte das Verhältnis der Belastung und der Regeneration in der Praxis individualisiert Berücksichtigung finden. Außerdem sollten auf eine korrekte Übungsausführung auch unter Zeitdruck geachtet und präventive Übungen für die häufig betroffenen Körperregionen (Schulter, Rücken, Knie) in den Trainingsprozess integriert werden, um das Verletzungsrisiko zu reduzieren.
Retracing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany from a Public Perspective
using Google Search Queries Related to
“coronavirus”
Authors: Schuster Barbara , Tizek Linda , Schielein Maximilian C. , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Rothe Kathrin , Spinner Christoph D. , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander
Published: April 2021

Aim of the study During pandemics, the whole population is
simultaneously confronted with the same health threat, resulting in enormous
public interest. The current COVID-19 pandemic has left the world in a
unique state of crisis. The aim of this analysis was to explore whether
Google searches can be used to retrospectively retrace the COVID-19 pandemic
in Germany and to detect local outbreaks by reflecting public interest in
the virus.

Methods Google Trends was used to explore the relative search volume
(RSV) related to “coronavirus” from January 2020 to July
2020 in Germany. The RSV ranging between 0-100 was compared to new
SARS-CoV-2 infections per day on a national level and to the cumulative
infection numbers on a state level, as well as to important infectiological
and political events.

Results The most striking search peaks occurred after the first
reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany (January 27), during a major local
outbreak in Heinsberg (February 25), after school closings (March 13) and
the largest peak after nationwide contact restrictions (March 22) were
announced. On a state level, peaks in RSV were observed after the first
reported infection in each respective state. In addition, a higher RSV was
recorded in states with higher numbers of infections (r=0,6,
p=0,014) such as in Bavaria (RSV=96, 391
infections/100,000 inhabitants) and Baden-Württemberg
(RSV=98, 340 infections/100,000 inhabitants). The lowest RSV
(n=83) and lowest number of infections (50
infections/100,000 inhabitants) was observed in Mecklenburg-Western
Pomerania. Since the end of May, SARS-CoV-2 related RSV remained at low
level even when numbers of infections were temporarily rising due to local
outbreaks such as the outbreak in Gütersloh, North
Rhine-Westphalia.

Conclusion RSV related to “coronavirus” precisely
reflected public interest during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As
public interest has strongly declined, information distribution regarding
the newest developments over the entire course of the pandemic will be a
major public health challenge.
No Influence of Nonivamide-nicoboxil on the Peak Power Output in Competitive Sportsmen
Authors: Schörkmaier Theresa , Wahl Yvonne , Brinkmann Christian , Bloch Wilhelm , Wahl Patrick
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a cross-over design, 13 athletes (experienced cyclists or triathletes [age: 25.2±3.5 years; VO2max 62.1±7.3 mL·min−1·kg−1]) performed four incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, either with nonivamide-nicoboxil or placebo cream. Muscle oxygenation was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. Capillary blood samples were taken after each step, and spirometric data were recorded continuously. The application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased muscle oxygenation at rest and during different submaximal workloads as well as during physical exhaustion, irrespective of normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Overall, there were no significant effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil on peak power output, maximal oxygen uptake or lactate concentrations. Muscle oxygenation is significantly higher with the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, its application does not increase endurance performance.
Cornus sanguinea Fruits: a Source of Antioxidant and Antisenescence Compounds Acting on Aged Human Dermal and Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Iannuzzi Anna Maria , Giacomelli Chiara , De Leo Marinella , Russo Lara , Camangi Fabiano , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Braca Alessandra , Martini Claudia , Trincavelli Maria Letizia
Published: April 2021

Five new compounds, a flavonol glycoside (

1), a megastigmane (

2), 2 cyclohexylethanoids (

3, 4), and a phenylethanoid derivative (

5), together with 15 known compounds (

6–

20) including flavonoid glycosides, cyclohexylethanoids, and phenolic compounds, have been isolated from Cornus sanguinea drupes. All the structures have been determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry data. The antioxidant capability of the most representative isolated compounds was evaluated in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature cellular senescence model of human dermal and gingival fibroblasts. Several derivatives counteracted the increase of reactive oxigen species (ROS) production in both cellular models. Among the most promising, compounds

8, 14, and

20 were able to counteract cell senescence, decreasing the expression of p21 and p53. Furthermore, compound

14 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) in both cell models and counteracted the decrease of collagen expression induced by the H2O2 in dermal human fibroblasts. These data highlight the anti-aging properties of several isolated compounds from C. sanguinea drupes, supporting its possible use in the cure of skin or periodontitis lesions.
Role of Multidetector CT Imaging in the Risk Stratification of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)–A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Benjamin Geena , Pratap Thara , Sreenivasan Mangalanandan , Jacob Dhanya , Thomas Agnes , Sankar Bala , Itty Amith
Published: April 2021

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms which can arise from any part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or an extraintestinal location. Size and the organ of origin are the major imaging inputs expected from the radiologist. However, it is worthwhile to find out which imaging characteristics on MDCT correlate with risk stratification. This knowledge would help the clinician in treatment planning and prognostication. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the various MDCT imaging characteristics of GISTs and find out which parameters have significant association with risk and subsequent development of metastasis on follow-up whenever it was possible.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study conducted on 45 histopathologically proven cases of GIST from two institutions by searching from the digital archives. The following imaging parameters were analyzed: maximum size in any plane, organ of origin, shape (round, ovoid or irregular), margin (well-defined or ill-defined), surface (smooth or lobulated), percentage of necrosis, growth pattern, enhancement characteristics–both intensity (mild, moderate or significant) and pattern (homogenous vs. heterogenous), calcification, infiltration into adjacent organs, and presence of metastasis at presentation or on follow-up.

Results CT morphological parameters of significance in risk stratification as per our study include tumor necrosis, predominant cystic change, irregular and lobulated shape/surface characteristics, and adjacent organ infiltration.

The parameters which were associated with development of metastasis were size > 5 cm, necrosis > 30%, and the presence of adjacent organ infiltration.

Conclusion The radiologist has an important role in ascertaining the size of tumor as well as the organ of origin accurately to guide the clinician in risk calculation and subsequent prognostication. In addition, certain CT characteristics mentioned above, namely, tumor size, significant necrosis/cystic changes, irregular/lobulated contour, and invasion of adjacent organs, help in risk stratification and in predicting metastasis/poor prognosis.
Disease Progression and Obstetric Outcomes of Women with Multiple Sclerosis at a Reference Center in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Barros Gabrielle Maria Carvalho de , Oliveira Bianca Etelvina Santos de , Oliveira Gabriela Januário , Silva Rômulo Kunrath Pinto , Cardoso Thiago Nóbrega , Maia Sabina Bastos
Published: April 2021

Objective To describe the obstetric outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the impact of pregnancy and the postpartum period on the progression of the disease.

Methods A case series study performed between December 2019 and February 2020, reporting pregnancies occurred between 1996 and 2019. The subjects included were women with MS undergoing follow-up at an MS referral center in Northeastern Brazil, and who had at least one pregnancy after the onset of MS symptoms, or who had their first relapse in the first year after delivery.

Results In total, 26 women and 38 pregnancies were analyzed – 32 of them resulted in delivery, and the remaining 6, in miscarriages. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of relapse during the postpartum period when compared with the gestational period. In 16 (42.1%) of the pregnancies, there was exposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) – 14 (36.8%), to interferon β, and 2 (5.3%), to fingolimod. Higher rates of abortion, prematurity and low birth weight were reported in the group was exposed to DMT when compared with the one who was not.

Conclusion In the sample of the present study, there was a significant increase in the rate of MS relapse during the postpartum period when compared with the gestational period. Additionally, it seems that exposure to DMTs during pregnancy may affect the obstetric outcomes of the patients.
Postplacental Placement of Intrauterine Devices: Acceptability, Reasons for Refusal and Proposals to Increase its Use
Authors: Kraft Maria Beatriz de Paula Leite , Miadaira Mariana , Marangoni Marcos , Juliato Cássia Raquel Teatin , Surita Fernanda Garanhani
Published: April 2021

Objective To evaluate the acceptability of postplacental placement of intrauterine devices (PPIUD), reasons for refusal and suggested policies to increase its use.

Methods Cross-sectional study conducted at the Women Hospital of the Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Postplacental placement of intrauterine devices was offered to women admitted in labor who did not present infections, uterine malformation, twin pregnancy, preterm birth, and were at least 18 years old. In case of refusal, the parturient was asked to give their reasons and the answers were classified as misinformation about contraception or other reasons. The following were considered misinformation: fear of pain, bleeding, contraception failure and future infertility. Bivariate analysis was performed.

Results Amongst 241 invited women, the refusal rate was of 41.9%. Misinformation corresponded to 50.5% of all refusals, and the reasons were: fear of pain (39.9%); fear of contraception failure (4.9%); fear of bleeding (3.9%); fear of future infertility (1.9%); other reasons for refusal were 49.5%. Parturients aged between 18 and 27 years old refused the PPIUD more frequently due to misinformation (67.4%), and older parturients (between 28 and 43 years old) refused frequently due to other reasons (63.6%) (p = 0.002). The mean age of those who declined the PPIUD due to misinformation was 27.3 ± 6.4 years old, while those who declined for other reasons had a mean age of 29.9 ± 5.9 years old (p = 0.017).

Conclusion The refusal of the PPIUD was high, especially amongst young women and due to misinformation. It is necessary to develop educative measures during antenatal care to counsel women about contraception, reproductive health and consequences of unintended pregnancy.
Evaluation of the Seroprevalence of Infectious Diseases in 2,445 in vitro Fertilization Cycles
Authors: Anjos João Guilherme Grassi dos , Carvalho Newton Sergio de , Saab Karam Abou , Araujo Edward , Kulak Jaime
Published: April 2021

Objective To evaluate the seroprevalence of positive markers for syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) I and II, human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) I and II, and hepatitis B and C among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis among patients who underwent IVF, between January 2013 and February 2016, and who had complete screening records.

Results We analyzed 1,008 patients who underwent IVF, amounting to 2,445 cycles. Two patients (0.2%) tested positive for HIV I and II and none for HTLV I and II. Three patients (0.3%) had positive screening for syphilis, and two (0.2%) had positive hepatitis C antibody test (anti-HCV). A positive hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) test was observed in 4 patients (0.4%), while 47 (4.7%) patients were positive for IgG antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbC IgG), and only 1 (0.1%) was positive for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbC IgM). The anti-HbS test was negative in 659 patients (65.3%). Only 34.7% of the patients had immunity against the Hepatitis B virus. Patients with an anti-HbS negative result were older than those with a hepatitis B test (anti-HbS) positive result (36.3 versus 34.9; p < 0.001).

Conclusion The present study showed lower infection rates than the Brazilian ones for the diseases studied in patients undergoing IVF. Only a few patients were immunized against hepatitis B.
Impact of Reported Donor Ejection Fraction on Outcome after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Sugimura Yukiharu , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Aubin Hug , Mehdiani Arash , Rellecke Philipp , Tudorache Igor , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo , Akhyari Payam
Published: April 2021

Objectives The global shortage of donor organs has urged transplanting units to extend donor selection criteria, for example, impaired left ventricular function (LVF), leading to the use of marginal donor hearts. We retrospectively analyzed our patients after orthotopic heart transplantation (oHTX) with a focus on the clinical outcome depending on donor LVF.

Methods Donor reports, intraoperative, echocardiographic, and clinical follow-up data of patients undergoing oHTX at a single-center between September 2010 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Recipients were divided into two groups based on donor left ventricular ejection fraction (dLVEF): impaired dLVEF (group I; dLVEF ≤ 50%; n = 23) and normal dLVEF group (group N; dLVEF > 50%; n = 137).

Results There was no difference in 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year survival. However, the duration of in-hospital stay was statistically longer in group I than in group N (N: 40.9 ± 28.3 days vs. I: 55.9 ± 39.4 days, p < 0.05). Furthermore, postoperative infection events were significantly more frequent in group I (p = 0.03), which was also supported by multivariate analysis (p = 0.03; odds ratio: 2.96; confidence interval: 1.12–7.83). Upon correlation analysis, dLVEF and recipient LVEF prove as statistically independent (r = 0.12, p = 0.17).

Conclusions Impaired dLVEF is associated with prolonged posttransplant recovery and slightly increased morbidity but has no significant impact on survival up to 1 year posttransplant.
CT-guided Thoracic Sympathicolysis versus VATS Sympathectomy in the Therapeutic Concept for Severe Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Scheer Fabian , Schlöricke Eric , Sallakhi Aria , Liedke Marc Olaf , Andresen Reimer
Published: April 2021

Background The objective was to compare computed tomography (CT)-guided thoracic sympathicolysis (CTSy) and video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) with regard to their feasibility, the occurrence of minor and major complications, and the clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods In this study, 88 patients treated by CTSy and 86 patients treated by VATS were retrospectively included. CTSy was performed after establishing the entry plane below the level of the intervertebral space T2/3 via a dorsolateral approach using a 22-G coaxial needle. On average of 5 mL of a sympathicolytic mixture was instilled. VATS was performed under intubation anesthesia. After insertion of the instruments via a minithoracotomy, the parietal pleura was dissected and the sympathetic trunk severed below T2. The interventions were performed unilaterally, the contralateral side being treated after approximately 6 weeks. All patients evaluated their sense of discomfort before treatment as well as 2 days, 6, and 12 months after, on the basis of a Dermatology Quality of Life Index and additionally the side effects that occurred.

Results Both treatments led to a marked reduction of symptoms, whereby mild recurrent sweating occurred over the further course, significantly higher in the CTSy patient group. Short-term miosis and ptosis were rarely found in both groups. As the most common side effect, transient compensatory sweating was reported by 16/88 patients after CTSy and 10/86 patients after VATS. Pneumothoraces developed postoperatively in 7/86 cases. Temporary pain after thoracotomy was experienced by 12/86 patients.

Conclusion For patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, CTSy and VATS represented a minimally invasive treatment option that provided a high and largely equivalent level of benefit.
Association of Self-Reported Trouble Hearing and Patient–Provider Communication with Hospitalizations among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Stolnicki Whitney , Reed Nicholas S. , Gami Abhishek , Myers Clarice , Kohn Christina , Willink Amber
Published: April 2021

Several studies have recently illuminated the relationship between hearing loss and hospitalizations, but little is understood as to why hearing loss is associated with greater risk for hospitalizations. This study examines the role of patient–provider communication as the mechanism by which those with hearing loss are more likely to be hospitalized, using the self-reported data from 12,654 Medicare beneficiaries from the 2016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) Cost and Use File. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the odds of any hospitalization in the past year and negative binomial regression to model the incident rate ratio of hospitalization based on number of hospitalizations in the past year. It was found that Medicare beneficiaries who experience impaired communication with their physician due to trouble hearing have greater odds of hospitalization and a higher rate of all hospitalization over a 1-year period. Understanding the complex relationship between hearing loss, patient–provider communication, and hospitalizations may provide health care professionals with a better rational to address not only hearing loss but also impaired communication in the care of an individual.
The Association of Vision, Hearing, and Dual-Sensory Loss with Walking Speed and Incident Slow Walking: Longitudinal and Time to Event Analyses in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Shakarchi Ahmed F. , Assi Lama , Gami Abhishek , Kohn Christina , Ehrlich Joshua R. , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Reed Nicholas S.
Published: April 2021

With the aging of the population, vision (VL), hearing (HL), and dual-sensory (DSL, concurrent VL and HL) loss will likely constitute important public health challenges. Walking speed is an indicator of functional status and is associated with mortality. Using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative U.S. cohort, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship between sensory loss and walking speed. In multivariable mixed effects linear models, baseline walking speed was slower by 0.05 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.07) for VL, 0.02 (95% CI = 0.003–0.03) for HL, and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.05–0.08) for DSL compared with those without sensory loss. Similar annual declines in walking speeds occurred in all groups. In time-to-event analyses, the risk of incident slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.6 m/s) was 43% (95% CI = 25–65%), 29% (95% CI = 13–48%), and 35% (95% CI = 13–61%) higher among those with VL, HL, and DSL respectively, relative to those without sensory loss. The risk of incident very slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.4 m/s) was significantly higher among those with HL and DSL relative to those without sensory loss, and significantly higher among those with DSL relative to those with VL or HL alone. Addressing sensory loss and teaching compensatory strategies may help mitigate the effect of sensory loss on walking speed.
Environmental dependence of the photochromic effect of oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydrides
Authors: Moldarev Dmitrii , Stolz Levin , Moro Marcos V. , Aðalsteinsson Sigurbjörn M. , Chioar Ioan-Augustin , Karazhanov Smagul Zh. , Primetzhofer Daniel , Wolff Max
Published: April 2021

We study the dependence of the photochromic effect on environment and triggering light. We demonstrate that the first darkening/bleaching cycle of freshly grown films is accompanied by a release of weakly bound hydrogen, most likely present at the grain boundaries. For consecutive photochromic cycles, we do not find further exchange of material with the environment. Moreover, we report bleaching kinetics dependent on the gas environment after darkening with light of energies below the optical bandgap of the film. For darkening with photon energies above the bandgap of the film, we report a linear relation between the degree of darkening and bleaching relaxation time irrespective of gas environment.