bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic study on C(sp2)–F bond activation by a Ni0(silyl)-ate complex: an outer-sphere pathway via Ni0-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Authors: You Xiao-Xia , Wang Jian-Sen , Li Xiao-Xiao , Meng Ling-Qi , Zhong Rong-Lin , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2024

DFT calculations and AIMD simulations reveal C(sp2)–F bond activation by a Ni0(silyl)-ate complex, involving an outer-sphere pathway via Ni0-mediated SNAr.
Updating the regulatory framework for the design and construction of water supply and sanitation systems
Authors: Primin Oleg
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses the aspects of updating and approaches to improving the regulatory and technical documents, i.e. Codes of Practice (CPs), State Standards (GOSTs) to enhance the efficiency of design, construction and operation of water supply and wastewater disposal systems in Russian cities and communities. The development of a methodology for switching over the system of regulatory and technical documents to the parametric standardization is analyzed. It is demonstrated that in recent years, the Russian construction sector has set a course for revising and updating the regulatory framework in the field of design and construction, thus reducing the statutory requirements in the Codes of Practice. The definitions of various methods for the development and application of regulations and standards in construction are given. It is demonstrated that the planned transition from the prescriptive regulation system to a parametric one with specified quality criteria for the finished product is aimed at the development of the quality criteria for the finished project or product using any alternative approaches and methods, transferring a significant part of building codes and regulations to the voluntary category. Evidently, such amendments to the regulatory framework require a very detailed scientific and practical justification.
Formalization of regulatory information (using the example of SR 30.13330.2020 Internal water supply and sewerage of building)
Authors: Kitaytseva Elena
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the development of databases of the factographic reference system. The method of formalization of normative information is proposed. The classification of tables into “descriptive” and “prescriptive” has been introduced. The article describes an approach to the formalization of “prescriptive” tables, all the parameters of which are divided into two groups – quantitative and qualitative. SR 30.13330.2020 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings Chapter 7 “Fire-fighting water supply” and Appendix J “Water consumption for firefighting” were chosen as the object of formalization. The data structure required to determine the internal fire extinguishing device, the number of fire cranes and water consumption is presented. A fragment of the database “Water consumption” and screen forms of the developed application “Water consumption for firefighting” are presented. The input data for the application is the type of building and the parameters depending on the type of building, the result is information about the need for fire-fighting plumbing and a link to the document. The presented example of expanding the database with information from SR 486.1311500.2020 indicates the flexibility of the proposed approach.
Long-term filtration of particles in a porous medium
Authors: Kuzmina Liudmila , Osipov Yuri
Published: May 2024

The formation of grout sediment in the pores of loose rock increases the water resistance of the soil and strengthens the foundation. A one-dimensional model of filtration in a porous medium considers the particles transport by the flow of a carrier fluid and the deposition of particles on the framework of a porous medium. The purpose of the work is to study the concentrations of suspended and settled particles of a suspension over a long time. Exact and asymptotic methods are used to obtain a solution to the model. The exact solution is presented in an implicit integral form. A set of solutions in the form of traveling waves with an arbitrary initial condition and their asymptotics are constructed. For the exact solution, an explicit second-order asymptotic solution for a long time is obtained as an expansion in decreasing exponents. Comparison of the asymptotic solution with the traveling waves makes it possible to choose a single traveling wave corresponding to the exact solution. The closeness of the traveling wave to the exact solution of the filtration model is verified numerically. The traveling wave found determines the explicit asymptotics of the concentration of deposited particles for a long time.
Digital models for assessing the impact of aeration processes on reservoir aquaculture
Authors: Vladislavovna Beresneva Yana , Vyacheslavovich Osmin Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The dissolved oxygen level in a water body is one of the problems affecting all its processes and living organisms. The article identifies the problems associated with insufficient oxygen concentration in water and affecting the ecosystem both within a water body and in the surrounding area. A system dynamics model is developed to predict such changes. The key objects and processes established through structural analysis, observation, synthesis, and mathematical statistics are at the heart of such a model. The application of simulation modeling methods to the obtained results allowed the creation of a model reflecting the dependence of parameters affecting the rate of processes and changes in their states, affecting the population of fish and other living organisms in the reservoir.
The role of state institutions of Kyrgyzstan in the formation of water resources management policy
Authors: Madaliev Mukhtarbek Misirovich , Bilanova Asel Bilanovna , Namatbekova Nurzat Mukambetovna , Nuraliev Nurlan Akimbekovich , Alim Asel Amankhankyzy
Published: May 2024

This article explores the importance of the activities of government agencies in the development and implementation of water resources management strategies. Analyzing the functions and powers of government institutions, the authors discuss their influence on the formation of legislation, the development of water resources management strategies and monitoring their implementation. The article also examines current problems and challenges faced by government institutions in this area, and also suggests ways to solve them to ensure sustainable management of water resources in Kyrgyzstan. Particular attention is paid to the role of government institutions in regulating access to water resources, as well as in developing strategies to ensure sustainable use of water resources in a changing climate. The results of the study may be useful for forming recommendations for improving water resources management policies in Kyrgyzstan.
Cultural aspects of the development of international water routes
Authors: Beksultanova Gulzada , Tokoeva Erkinai , Mukasheva Aida
Published: May 2024

This article will focus on the forms of politeness in German, Kyrgyz. The forms of politeness expression in this case studied from the point of view of intercultural communication. As you know, politeness is one of the key maxims in relationships, especially in intercultural communication plays an important role. Transport routes, which are the basis for the socio-economic development of populated areas, have a special impact on intercultural communications. The category of politeness is a complex ethnolinguistic category that covers various areas of language, is one of the key aspects of linguoculturology. Forms of politeness are one of the levers of economic development. Since competition leads to the use of polite language in all areas of communication. The level of development of the category of politeness in German, as well as in Kyrgyz culture, is different, although values such as trust, cordiality, closeness, human warmth are of great importance in both languages. The decisive factor here is the specific situation, within the framework of a certain speech act. The concept of politeness is universal for all cultures and peoples, while the forms of its expression are different.
The influence of world water routes on the statehood and communications of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Mambaeva Saltanat , Isakova Saltanat
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the influence of historical transport routes, Kyrgyz statehood and culture, the Kyrgyz economy of that period and the Kyrgyz way of communication, as well as changes in the Kyrgyz language and the role of the Kyrgyz in intercultural communication in different historical periods. Great has influenced the statehood, culture, religion and mentality of Kyrgyz people, and surely changed the economic situation of the nomadic tribes in the times of the Great Silk Road. Great Silk Road became a huge chance to see the other people: to communicate and develop communicative skills with other cultures living on this road. The influence on to the language brought a lot of new words and terms which settled in the Kyrgyz language. Moreover, the Great Silk road gave a possibility for enlarging diplomatic relationship with the other empires and kingdoms of that period. Kyrgyz people with their nomadic style of living before communicated with a lot of people, and their language was adaptable to new languages, and it became a reason why did the most of the Kyrgyz people became the guides of caravans and even translators on the Great Silk Road.
The influence of water tourist routes on the Kyrgyz mentality and stereotypes
Authors: Sydykova Cholpon , Mambaeva Saltanat , Kinalieva Meerim
Published: May 2024

Throughout history, transport and tourist routes have brought people and their cultures together, promoted socio-economic cooperation, fostered dialogue, strengthened trade relations, and fostered cultural exchange. Therefore, it is important to develop communication that serves as the basis for further relationships. The article attempts to emphasize the importance of in-depth knowledge of cultural stereotypes in the process of close cooperation and communication. To create the article, the descriptive method and component analysis were used.
Water as a Commodity based on Epic “Manas”: A Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Kalieva Kanykei , Naimanova Cholpon , Baygobylova Gulnara , Bekturova Anara , Apsamatova Gulnara
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the role of water as a commodity in Kyrgyzstan from a semiotic perspective, drawing parallels between the historic Silk Road and contemporary debates surrounding water resources. It analyzes the semiotics of water, examining its representation, interpretation, and symbolic significance in the context of regional cooperation and resource management. By applying semiotic frameworks to understand the complexities of water governance, this study sheds light on the socio-political dynamics shaping water policies in Central Asia. The concept of the Great Silk Road holds immense historical and cultural significance as a symbol of connectivity and exchange between East and West. The semiotic analysis encompasses a variety of sources, including visual representations of the Silk Road's logo and imagery, along with literary works like John Masefield's poem “Cargoes” and the epic Manas. Through a comparison of the traded goods on the Silk Road in the West and the Silk Road in the East, this study reveals the similarities and differences in the portrayal of goods, the evolution of trade, and the cultural interactions facilitated by this ancient trade network. By shedding light on the semiotic dimensions of the Great Silk Road, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of its historical and cultural significance, enriching our comprehension of this remarkable historical phenomenon.
Using digital educational resources to improve the effectiveness of the educational process in the training of hydrologists
Authors: He Jianyu , Yang Yan , Shi Kai , Zhao Lihua , Ishar Shisyr , Moldobaeva Aisuluu
Published: May 2024

The article defines the content of the training process of hydrologists and the need to develop and use digital resources in it. The main difficulty in the realization of such an approach is the complexity of the processes under study due to their hard-to-predict changes in states under the influence of many heterogeneous factors, duration in time and the scope of consequences. The solution to this problem is the use of digital resources, which are based on simulation models capable of recreating the behavior of a real object in a virtual environment and predicting changes from the given conditions of external influence with a certain accuracy. Based on this, a model of the learning process has been developed. It includes digital resources that implement scenarios of water object behavior in addition to traditional methods and means of training. The use of such tools provides a practice-oriented approach to training and efficient use of resources for educational activities.
Strengthening the human resource potential as a basis for the development of the potable water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Zhalil Gulmira , Duishebaeva Gulzada
Published: May 2024

This article addresses the issue of development of the Professional and technical development programme for drinking water supply and disposal sector of the Kyrgyz Republic as a strategic document aimed to strengthen the human resource capacity of the sector and to create due conditions for its successful realisation. The programme was developed on the basis of evaluation of the training needs and the institutional potential, with the use of such research methods as desk review of documents, questioning, focus group discussions and in-depth interviewing. The programme envisages involvement of all concerned parties in facilitation of people’s access to drinking water: public authorities, potable water supply and disposal providers, international donors, educational organisations and other partners.
Assessment of training needs and institutional potential of the potable water supply and disposal sector in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Zhalil Gulmira , Duishebaeva Gulzada
Published: May 2024

This article explores the issue of training needs and the institutional potential of potable water supply and disposal sector in the Kyrgyz Republic. Reforming the sector would entail transformational changes in the activity of the regulatory agency – State Agency of Architecture, Construction and Municipal Housing Economy under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as in the work of the agent performing the function of enhancement and development of the institutional potential in the potable water supply and disposal sector – Department for development of potable water supply and disposal. The introduction of new functions is conditioned by the use of new technologies in the area of water supply and disposal and by the new requirements for specialists operating the new equipment. The acute shortage of qualified specialists has drawn attention of all stakeholders engaged in drinking water supply to the population. The following methods were used in the study: desk review of documents, focus group discussion, in-depth interviewing, comparative analysis, system analysis, structural analysis – which allowed for a comprehensive analysis.
About promising areas of scientific research in terms of scientific and technical support
Authors: Zagorskaya Angelina
Published: May 2024

The article examines current issues of NTS in construction, focusing on research conducted since 2019. The authors highlight the problems, the developed roadmap for the development of the NTS, research in the field of NTS t will also be focused on promising areas, taking into account current trends towards reducing mandatory requirements in regulatory documents.
Probabilistic approach to calculation of durability of reinforced concrete pile exposed to chlorides
Authors: Mavzovin V.S. , Ovchinnikov I.I.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a deformation model of a reinforced pile subjected to load and chloride-containing medium is applied to predict the behavior of the pile. The model takes into account the probabilistic nature of corrosion processes, the variation of geometric and strength characteristics of the pile, as well as the probabilistic nature of the load. A methodology for calculating the stress-strain state and durability of the pile, taking into account all stages of the process of its interaction with chloride-containing medium, has been developed and the design analysis has been carried out.
Determining the significant input parameters of a forecasting model for material resources of residential construction projects at the investment feasibility assessment stage
Authors: Gureev M.V. , Makarov A.N.
Published: May 2024

Any investor/developer spends considerable time to make a construction decision in analyzing various parameters, such as the building site area, height restrictions, total area, quantity of necessary materials, etc. First of all, this is due to a high level of uncertainty and the complexity of estimating costs for the initial stages of project implementation. The unavailability of detailed design data at the investment justification stage makes it impossible to conduct a sufficiently accurate assessment of the value and period of construction to make highly accurate managerial decisions. However, one of the key issues, namely determining the significant parameters that have the greatest impact on future project-related decisions, has not been studied sufficiently. This article identifies the most significant parameters that impact the future characteristics of residential buildings based on an expert assessment using the a priori ranking method. The reliability of the assessment is confirmed using the coefficient of concordance. A conclusion is provided about their applicability as the input values of a forecasting model that uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to determine various technical and economic characteristics of residential buildings.
Life cycle of buildings and structures. Life cycle stages
Authors: Temikeev Konushbek
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the author provides provisions and definitions of the life cycle of buildings and structures. The life cycle is conventionally divided into five stages (the stage of the origin of the idea and scientific research, the formation of the design resource of constructive safety, the stage of construction (construction), the establishment of the initial (starting) resource of constructive safety, the stage of operation and its stages, the stage of technical inspection, reconstruction, strengthening and recovery, recycling stage and environmental aspects), definitions of each stage are given and conventional boundaries of each stage are proposed. In the world around us everything alive or not alive have its oven beginning and ending. The period between ending and beginning we can name as the period of existence or the period of life. We can use this abstract-philosophic statement about life period for all buildings and structures people has ever made. Some of buildings and structures made by humanity existed by ages and centuries, but other ones existed not for a long time and can disappeared from the face of the earth under the influence of set of outside and inside destructive factors.
Technical and economic assessment of the possibility of using a thermal and moisture protection screen to increase the resistance of the reinforced concrete cooling tower shell to operational conditions
Authors: Belov Vyacheslav , Galieva Evilina , Verkhovskiy Roman
Published: May 2024

During the operation of chimney-type evaporative cooling towers which are made of monolithic reinforced concrete, the shell is exposed to various aggressive environmental influences and the carried-away part of the recycled process water leading to its premature destruction. This article illustrates a method of protecting the shell tower of a reinforced concrete cooling tower from the aggressive effects of the operating environment using a thermal and moisture protection screen design – a ventilated curtain wall with a cladding of fiberglass sheets. By the finite element method, using the ANSYS PC, a calculated analysis of temperature values and air velocity in the air gap was performed, resulting in the geometry of the air gap. To assess the overall change in the percentage of reinforcement, the corresponding strength calculations of the cooling tower shell were made with and without a thermal and moisture protection screen. Subsequently, the corresponding technical and economic analysis of the proposed design option was carried out. As a result the use of thermal moisture protection screen allows significantly redact capital costs during the construction of new cooling towers and decrease expenses for periodic major repairs in the operational cycle, thereby increasing the durability of the cooling tower.
Duration of work on the survey of buildings and structures
Authors: Efimov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of determining the duration of survey work. In this article, the main stages of conducting a survey of buildings and structures are considered, and the principle of determining the maximum duration of the survey is proposed. This principle consists in dividing the object into groups according to the complexity of the object and the work performed. The geometric characteristics of the object were taken as the basis of the complexity of the object, and the types of work were based on the group of complexity of the work. After determining the complexity at the representative objects of each combination of complexity groups, time measurements were made based on the results of which the average time of work on the survey of buildings and structures per 100 m2 of the object was determined
An ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal and aromatic plants used in Al Hoceima National Park
Authors: Labhar Amina , El-Mernissi Yahya , Ahidar Naoufal , Benamari Omar , Salhi Amin , Ahari Mhamed , Abdellah Elyoussfi , Amhamdi Hassan
Published: May 2024

In the northern region of Morocco, specifically in the Province of Al Hoceima, the establishment of the Al Hoceima National Park (ANP) serves as a designated protected area. The primary purpose of this park is to promote the conservation, protection, and sustainable development of the diverse natural resources present. The ANP boasts a significant variety of flora, particularly medicinal and aromatic plants (AMP). This research aimed to identify and highlight the AMP the local rural population utilizes. Conducted between August 2020 and March 2021, an ethnobotanical survey engaged herbalists, traditional healers, and rural residents through structured questionnaires. These surveys elicited specific information about the informants and details regarding the plants in use. This survey revealed the identification of 47 taxa based on vernacular names, which were subsequently matched with their scientific names according to available literature. These taxa are distributed among 29 botanical families, with notable prevalence in Lamiaceae, comprising 8 species, followed by Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Solanaceae, each with 3 species. The study further indicates that the most utilized parts of these plants are the foliage and leafy stems, with decoctions being the predominant method of preparation for remedies. The investigation into the diseases treated revealed that digestive infections rank highest, followed by respiratory infections. Sociodemographic characteristics analysis indicated a slightly higher usage of medicinal plants by women than men. The insights gleaned from this research offer valuable information for the studied region and contribute to the broader understanding of the national medicinal flora.
Initial Discovery of Microplastic Presence in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Certain Fish Species in Al-Hoceima Bay
Authors: Achoukhi Iliass , El Hammoudani Yahya , Haboubi Khadija , Benaabidate Lahcen , Bourjila Abdelhak , Touzani Abdelaziz , Benaissa Chaimae , Moudou Mohamed , El Boudammoussi Mustapha , Faiz Hatim , Dimane Fouad
Published: May 2024

The accumulation of plastic waste in ocean environments is a critical ecological issue impacting marine wildlife and human health. This study assesses the presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish from Al-Hoceima Bay, a key part of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, we analyzed 90 individuals from two different species, finding that 33% of the examined fish contained microplastics. Specific occurrences were 26% in mackerel and 40% in gilthead sea bream. These findings highlight significant contamination even in commercial fishing areas, raising urgent questions about the long-term ecological effects and health risks. Therefore, the need for effective plastic waste management policies is critical to protect our marine ecosystems and food safety.
The implication of the hydrogeochemical processes for groundwater chemistry in a semi-arid region: A case study of the Bokoya massif (Central Rif, Morocco)
Authors: Errahmouni Ali , El Messari Jamal Eddine Stitou , Ghalit Mohammad , Kouotou Daouda , Taher Morad
Published: May 2024

Natural and anthropogenic factors control groundwater chemistry in the semi-arid area in northern Morocco called Bokoya massif. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the geochemical processes that affected groundwater mineralization in the Bokoya massif. As a result, In April 2016, sixty-one (61) water samples were collected from various locations, including wells and springs throughout the Bokoya massif, and analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The descriptive study of the physicochemical parameters revealed that the waters were neutral to slightly basic (pH values range between 7,16 and 8,5) and moderately to strongly mineralized (TDS values range between 555,20 and 7980,10 mg/l). Sodium chloride was the dominant hydrochemical facies in the groundwater of the study area, with a percentage reaching (80%) noting the minority of magnesium bicarbonate facies and the absence of sodium bicarbonate and chlorinated calcium type. The tests of the ionic ratio (Cl- /Na+, Cl-/HCO3- versus Cl-, Ca2+/Mg2+, Ca2+/SO4-, Ca2+/Mg2+ versus Cl-, (Ca2+ Mg2+)/ HCO3-), indicate that the order of the dominant cations is Na+ >Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and of the dominant anions is Cl- >HCO3->SO42-. It suggests that the dominant factors controlling water chemistry are rock dissolution and evaporation, silicate weathering, and ion exchange. Gibbs diagram defines the relationship between water chemistry and the lithology of the aquifer. It showed that most of the groundwater composition in this area is linked to the geochemical processes of evaporation and crystallization, and carbonates and silicate alteration control the minority.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Novel Triazole-Pyrazole Derivative as a Synthetic Corrosion Inhibitor for M-Steel in 1.0M HCl
Authors: Setti Nawal , Barrahi Asma , Elyoussfi Abdellah , Draoui Youssef , Radi Smail , Zarrouk Abdelkader , Dafali Ali
Published: May 2024

TzPz, a newly synthesized ethyl 2-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol1-yl)-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) ethan-ol, was evaluated as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1.0 HCl environment. The synthesis objective for this type of molecule-type was to create a triazole-based molecule with a simple yet effective structure, as well as to increase the number of nitrogen donors to boost adsorption affinities at the metal surface. This investigation began with electrochemical techniques such as EIS & PDP. The results obtained suggest that TzPz is a good inhibitor, with a maximal effectiveness (91.9%) at 303 K. The inhibitory efficacy increases dramatically with increasing concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. According to electrochemical data, TzPz functions as a mixed inhibitor, and the corrosion process is controlled by charge transfer. In addition, the adsorption isotherm adheres to the Langmuir model. UV-visible spectroscopy is used to evaluate the probability of Fe-inhibitory molecule interactions. Theoretical calculations using the DFT technique were performed and discussed for the molecule TzPz in order to understand its interfacial approach and compare them to experimental data.
Assessing the Efficacy of Commercial Activated Carbon Adsorption in Removing Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
Authors: El Hammoudani Yahya , Haboubi Khadija , Benaabidate Lahcen , Bourjila Abdelhak , Achoukhi Iliass , Benaissa Chaimae , El Abdouni Aouatif , Haboubi Chaimae , Touzani Abdelaziz , Moudou Mohamed , Esskifati Maryam , Faiz Hatim , El Boudammoussi Mustapha , Dimane Fouad
Published: May 2024

Powdered activated carbon was used in different studies for evaluation in micropollutants removal. In this study, powdered activated carbon was tested to evaluate its removal efficiency for about 46 micropollutants. A total of 33 compounds were found in raw wastewater. The PAC was found to be efficient towards total suspended solids elimination. Powdered activated carbon reached high removal percentage for heavy metals (90%), while the majority of the other compounds it varied between 60 and 80%. The impact of advanced treatments combination with conventional treatments could lead to high removals.
Effect of Cadmium on flag leaf morpho-physiological traits in three Mediterranean hulless barley varieties
Authors: Bouhraoua Said , Ferioun Mohamed , Boussakouran Abdchi U. , Boussakouran Abdelali , Belahcen Douae , Srhiouar Nassira , Hmmani Khalil , Louahlia Said
Published: May 2024

In Morocco, the use of phosphate fertilizer in farming system represents a source of cadmium that accumulates in soil and would affect negatively the growth and yield. Cadmium toxicity decreases nutrients and water translocation and absorption, it leads to an increase in oxidative harm, affects the metabolism of plants, and inhibits plant morpho-physiology as well. This experiment was conducted to examine the impacts of various concentrations of Cd (0, 15, 30 mg leg-1) in the flag leaf of three hulless barley varieties: Assiya (Morocco), Tombari (Tunisia), and Gizal30 (Egypt). Several morpho-physiological parameters were measured at vegetative stage encompassing measurements like Flag leaf length (FLL), Flag leaf area (FLA), Flag leaf width (FLW), and Flag leaf dry weight (FLDW), water relative content (RWC), total chlorophyll content (SPAD), and Fluorescence (Fv/Fm). ANOVA analysis showed that all morphological traits (except for FLDW) were primarily affected by the variety effect (>62% of total variance). In contrast, the treatment of Cd largely influenced physiological traits (>90% of total variance). Moreover, the interaction between the two factors was in general of lower importance. Comparison among varieties showed significant differences for all traits. In fact, the Moroccan variety (Assiya) displayed the highest values for physiological and morphological parameters.
Physicochemical and geochemical characteristics of Bouaazza’s mine embankments and river sediments (Taza province, Morocco)
Authors: Lahmidi Ikram , Assabar Narmine , Jabrane Raouf
Published: May 2024

Mining production industry generates high quantities of mine tailings often placed on the surface. They evoke sources of contamination generally mine drainage, to all environmental compartments according to their physicochemical and geochemical characteristics that show their richness in residual metals and sulphide mineral dust such as pyrite and galena. Bouaazza’s mine (NE Morocco) lead and sulfides exploitation generated the exposure of large superficies of acid discharges in the surface. To evaluate the impact caused by acid mine drainage in the area, samples were collected from the river sediments near the mine and from the embankments. According to the physicochemical and geochemical analyzes, it was possible to discern a pollution by acid mine drainage, with pH values of sediments reaching 5, and concentrations of Pb in some sediments samples higher than 900 ppm extending the international standards. These results indicate the big negative influence caused by the absence of environmental monitoring of the mining operations which threaten the environment.
Characterization of climatic drought in the Souss-Massa watershed (Morocco) using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Authors: El-Yazidi Maryame , Dafouf Safae , El-Yazidi Outmane , Benabdelhadi Mohammed
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, drought has become a significant phenomenon attributed to climate change variability. Its long-term repercussions can lead to substantial agricultural, hydrological, social, and economic consequences. This study uses the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to assess drought in Morocco’s SoussMassa watershed, revealing a significant decline in annual precipitation and highlighting the region’s increased drought susceptibility. Specifically, we analyzed data from five weather stations: Amaghouz (1978-2016), Amsoul (1979-2016), Immerguen (1971-2016), Lamded (1982-2016), and Taroudant (1967-2016) using statistical methods recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for annual rainfall records. Additionally, we applied the SPI over a 12-month period to identify dry and wet years. Our analysis reveals alternating dry and wet phases, characterized by an overall decline in annual precipitation.
Assessing the Impact of Organic and Chemical Herbicides on Agronomic Parameters, Yield, and Weed Control Efficiency in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under a Direct-Seeding System: A Comparative analysis
Authors: Rhioui Wijdane , Al Figuigui Jamila , Belmalha Saadia
Published: May 2024

Lentil is characterized by low weed competitiveness due to its small size and slow development, resulting in the reduction of quality and quantity of production. Controlling these weeds with biological alternatives is necessary because lentils are phytotoxic to most herbicides. To address this gap, a field experiment was carried out at the pedagogical research farm of the National School of Agriculture in Meknes, Morocco, for two years, to evaluate the effectiveness of two weeds control strategies; chemical and agroecological. Three treatments, including a Nettle aqueous extract (T3) and two herbicides (Bentazone (T2) and Pyridate (T1)), were compared to the control (T0) in a complete randomized block design with four replications. All treatments resulted in effective weed management in terms of density and biomass, and significant improvement in agronomic parameters compared to the control. However, both herbicides used had a phytotoxic effect on the lentil plants, and the minimum yield was achieved in plots untreated (6.61Qx/ha) followed by plots treated with Pyridate. In contrast, Nettle aqueous extract had no phytotoxic effect, with the highest protein content in the lentil’s seeds, the highest economic grain, and a yield almost similar to that of Bentazone. Our study highlights the advantages of using organic Nettle treatment over herbicides for weed control, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. However, further research is needed to explore additional weed control strategies in lentil crops comprehensively.
Supporting Water-Food-Land Nexus policy coherence through integrated agrifood advisory and extension system in Egypt
Authors: Eldabbagh Fayrouz , Brouziyne Youssef
Published: May 2024

Building policy coherence is significant in governing natural resources, especially in a changing climate and growing population. Designing and implementing coherent climate-adaptive water productivity policies through holistic and integrated knowledge could manage the growing demand for food and water, and sustain small-scale farmers’ livelihoods and economies, which is the aim of this research. This study focuses on the analysis of power dynamics and the social network that evolves around the control of information and technical assistance that shape policy narratives. Results showed that donors and financial institutions are the primary powers to control and organize knowledge and technical assistance linked to soil-water conservation especially when it’s combined with mobilizing relevant funds. Many smallholder farmers still adopt traditional patterns of cultivation due to the siloed knowledge gaps in the extension services of governmental entities, the unreachability of extension services, the lack of trust in their guidance, and the absence of innovations’ scalability. Building integrated extension services between ministries, by providing equal and suitable financial packages. This would be feasible by managing the coordination with financial institutions, monetary and non-monetary incentives, and building on existing farmers’ collective organizations and farmers’ pioneers to enable a sociological transition to water productivity.
Specific features of basalts, its melting and tempering in different environments
Authors: Rashidova Ra’no , Yandashev Rustam , Kurbanov Abdirahim , Kamolov Buri
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses the radical approach to expanding the possibilities of obtaining metals from untapped reserves of natural resources. It presents the results of scientific research dedicated to studying the specific components of the elements contained. The results of the preparation and implementation of smelting works at the basalt deposit ‘Asmansay-1ʹ are provided. The analysis of the results of melting basaltic minerals from the ‘Asmansay’ deposit is presented, along with their annealing in different environments. The aim is to determine the optimal parameters for the melting of basalt and similar ores.
Reducing dust pollution in the production of mass explosions in quarries
Authors: Normatova Muborak , Pardayeva Sarvinoz
Published: May 2024

A method was developed to improve the efficiency of dust suppression and increasing of efficiency of energy of explosives in bulk blasting at quarries by using at the top of the borehole sealed shell filled soapstock (waste oil and fat plant) and water in the ratio 50:50. The intensification of the process of deposition of dust over the site of the explosion allows to reduce pollution the quarry site, which has a positive effect on the ecological situation in the region production and mining operations. It is established that with the passage of explosive gases through the shell with soapstock and water in the upper part of the borehole convective heat transfer from the gas shell and the loss of a fraction, the partial pressure on the borehole wall at the location of the shell. Due to the heat loss of the dust and gas cloud loses some of its energy, which leads to a decrease in the height of its ascent and, thus, prevents the removal of it beyond the open pit area.
Geoecological and geochemical assessment of the impact of NMMC mining enterprises on the environment
Authors: Shukurov Shukhrat , Sharafutdinov Ulugbek , Rashidov Nodirjon , Yoshuzokov Shohboz , Barotova Anisa , Allayev Xurshid
Published: May 2024

Study of the dynamics of natural and man-made processes and their impact on the environment in the hills of Uzbekistan; study of ecological and geochemical processes occurring in technogenic and natural landscapes of mining enterprises of the NMMC; Conducting geochemical and analytical studies to identify the contents and distribution of toxic and other associated elements in technogenic waste from NMMC mining enterprises, soils, and plants in connection with their impact on the ecology of the environment. Study of geochemical features of the productive valuable and toxic element`s behavior in space and time in industrial waste area Geological and geochemical mapping of soil, plants and water sources. Study of the chemical composition, behavior and forms of occurrence of toxic elements (in soils, water streams, dust, gases, smoke) in the water area and in the vicinity of the Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine - geochemical ecology. As a result of investigations of initial samples by using mass spectrometric analysis, the limits of fluctuations and average contents of not only toxic elements, but also other associated elements were revealed.
Mechanical properties of reinforced loess soils in road pavements
Authors: Hudaykulov Rashidbek , Makhmudova Dilfuza , Ikramova Feruza , Rakhmonov Jamshid , Aralov Dilshod
Published: May 2024

The modern development of road construction promotes the tasks of not only increasing the strength of road structures, but also the need to effectively use local materials and soils in road construction. During the design and construction of highways, many road scientists of the world have carried out their scientific and research work on soil strengthening based on the road bed. Several methods and techniques have been developed for this. Also, developed countries are producing a lot of surfactants, modifiers and additives for soil strengthening. In this article, research work was carried out in laboratory conditions to study the mechanical properties of soil strengthened with the help of a modifier. Measurement, comparison, experimental laboratory, mathematical statistical analysis in the processing of test results, analytical methods specified in regulatory documents were used in the performance of research work. The results of the conducted laboratory research are specific to loess soils found in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The use of construction work on the foundation of the road bed from reinforced soil allows to reduce the volume of construction work, reduces the consumption of transported sand and gravel materials, and increases the service life of the road.
Research of hydrodynamic processes in in-situ leaching of uranium
Authors: Rozikov Rajabboy
Published: May 2024

Hydrodynamic processes in the selective transfer of uranium underground to solution were theoretically considered. The effect of the initial filtration gradient on the flow process of underground water flow of weakly permeable and poorly saturated uranium ores by the method of selective transfer of uranium to solution was studied. The hydrodynamic parameters of subsurface selective dissolution of uranium ores with low water saturation were analyzed. The consumption equations and drawings of the injection and production wells by the method of selective transfer of uranium to the solution were developed. Using the consumption equations of the injection and production wells, a calculation program was created in the C++ programming language and the analysis of the obtained results was studied.
Mathematical modeling of diagnostics of thermoelastic layered medium
Authors: Lomazov Alexander V. , Lomazov Vadim A. , Akupiyan Olga S. , Anichin Vladislav L. , Nesterova Elena V.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the problems of non-destructive testing of multilayer composite materials. Technological influences during manufacturing and the influence of external factors during the operation of composite structures can lead to the occurrence of material defects, which manifests itself as heterogeneity and anisotropy of individual layers and, as such, affects thermomechanical processes in multilayer composites. In the work as a model of non-destructive testing, the mathematical problem of determining the thermomechanical characteristics of weakly inhomogeneous and weakly anisotropic layers of a multilayer half-space is formulated. The tests include measurements on the outer surface of the half-space of temperature and displacements arising as a result of thermoelastic processes initiated in a special way in the layered medium under study. An approach to solving the formulated problem, based on the linearization of the original nonlinear equations and the application of the method of stationary basic processes, is proposed.
Improving the design of the lining of the ball mill used to improve the quality of grinding
Authors: Saidmakhamadov Nosir , Turakhodjaev Nodir , Tursunbaev Sarvar , Zokirov Ruslan , Tadjiev Nuritdin , Abdullaev Kamol , Hamroev Vohid , Rakhmanov Ulugbek , Juraev Jurabek
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the traditional ball mill lining used and the improved ball mill lining. Experimental data of the proposed and previous linings are presented. The economic effect of using a new improved ball mill lining design is shown. Also, based on the dimensions of the ores, their mechanical properties, the material and construction of the detail were selected first. It is recommended to use high-manganese steel alloy, if corrosion occurs due to friction, and chromium – molybdenum steel alloy as the material of the detail. As a result of changing the design of the part in the proposed technology, it can be seen that the ore crushing process has improved. As a result of the good ore grinding process, it became easier to extract metals and alloys from the crushed ore. In order to obtain research results, several studies were conducted using traditional and improved technology. Thanks to this technology, the economic efficiency of the production enterprise has increased due to the improvement of ore crushing, the increase of the service life of the part, the saving of resource energy, and the reduction of the time required for technical repairs.
Investigation of the kinetics of heat treatment of epoxy polymers
Authors: Mukhiddinov Bakhodir , Samadov Sardor , Negmatov Soyibjon , Tilavova Lola , Akhtamov Dilshod
Published: May 2024

The study examines the effect of the concentration of modifiers (BDI) on the annihilation characteristics of cured epoxy polymers using the positron annihilation method. The results show that both the concentration and size of microcavity defects decrease, which can be explained by the formation of densely sewn areas due to the production of additional bridges. The supramolecular structure of the formed epoxy polymer is discussed, with the identification of several distinct areas, including polymer globules formed by stacking chains of simple polyester macromolecules around polymerization centers, and the interglobular space consisting of the ends of macro chains and low molecular weight products. The end groups of polymerization-cured epoxy polymers, such as double bonds of the vinylidene type, hydroxyl and unreacted epoxy groups, create conditions for the splitting of BDI in the interglobular space. The study also demonstrates that at optimal concentrations of modifiers, there is a decrease in the radius and concentration of micropore defects, as well as a general decrease in the proportion of free volume. The curing processes of epoxy polymers and their heat treatment in the presence of modifiers are investigated, with BDI having a significant effect on the formation of the epoxy polymer structure.
Optimization of losses by switching to higher voltage in distribution networks
Authors: Raximov Feruz , Taslimov Abdurakhim , Majidov Ahror , Norqulov Asliddin
Published: May 2024

The article considers the basis of scientific research in the field of electric power industry the issues of transition to 20 kV voltage in the distribution power grids of Uzbekistan. The main advantages of this method are analysed, as well as the factors affecting power and energy losses in electrical systems and networks. The paper presents a schematic diagram of an electric network section, on which a comparative calculation and analysis of voltage, energy and power losses in 6/10/20 kV networks is carried out. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of calculation of these parameters, as well as the basic expressions for their calculation and the resulting graphical relationships. From the analysis it can be concluded that it is reasonable to use 20 kV voltage in distribution networks. It allows to reduce power and energy losses, which is an important factor in the efficient operation of electric power systems, to increase line capacity and service range. However, when selecting the optimal voltage for certain conditions, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, such as the length of transmission lines, the type of wires and transformers used, and the load level of the network.