bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking Post-Treatment Rehabilitation with Healthcare Roles: How Nurses and Technicians Influence Patient Satisfaction
Authors:   Saeed Saad Saeed Alatom, Ahmed Mohammed Mesfer Alghamdi, Hatim Abdullah Algasimi, Khulud Mesfer Hussain Alsari, Rahmah Hussain Mohammed Alsawidan and Norah Menwer Sadhan Alharbi
Published: September 2024

Post-treatment rehabilitation is a critical component of healthcare that significantly influences patient recovery and long-term outcomes. This review explores the interconnected roles of nurses and technicians in delivering effective post-treatment rehabilitation and its impact on patient satisfaction. Nurses play a vital role in patient education, monitoring, and emotional support, while technicians ensure the proper functioning of medical equipment and therapies. Through a collaborative care model, both healthcare roles contribute to improving service delivery and patient experiences. However, challenges such as resource constraints, communication barriers, and the need for specialized training must be addressed to fully harness their potential. By enhancing the roles of nurses and technicians in rehabilitation services, healthcare systems can improve patient satisfaction and develop more efficient, patient-centered services.
Factors of Social Resilience of Arctic Rural Communities in Modern Russia (On the Materials of Coastal and Island Territories of the Arkhangelsk Oblast)
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Maksimov Anton M. ,   Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2024

The article focuses on the problem of factors ensuring social resilience of Arctic rural communities. Using the materials of island and coastal territories of the Primorskiy district of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the author studies how the features of social organization and life activities of specific communities ensure their reproduction as local social systems, help them to remain resilient to external challenges of economic, environmental and other types, and allow them to adapt to the changes in the region. In order to solve these problems, the author took part in a field study on the territory of 14 rural settlements in three rural municipalities in the period from July to early September 2022. The main method of obtaining empirical data is in-depth interview. The analysis of the interviews made it possible to identify a set of key factors of resilience of the rural communities under consideration. The first factor is the ability of local residents to reorient to subsistence farming and traditional crafts in the conditions of degradation of those sectors of the local economy that imply permanent formal labor employment. The second factor is the high level of social capital of communities, which determines the normalization of mutual assistance practices. The third factor is the involvement of a part of the local population in grassroots activities: social and cultural initiatives of local residents make it possible to attract external resources to solve the problems of territorial development, as well as support the collective identity of rural community members and increase its cohesion. The fourth factor is the return of retired local natives who previously migrated from rural to urban areas.
Quality of Life of the Murmansk Oblast Population: Subjective Assessments and Objective Characteristics
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies — Subdivision of the Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Samarina Vera P. , Skufina Tatiana P. , Serova Natalia A. , Yakovchuk Andrey A.
Published: September 2024

The assessment of the population's quality of life is an important analytical tool of the state socio-economic policy, which allows analyzing the current level of regional development, the population's satis-faction with living conditions, making interregional comparisons, determining shortcomings and prospec-tive directions of public administration. At the same time, objective statistical indicators, on which the state management is based, in many respects may not coincide with the subjectively perceived quality of life of the population. In this context, the presented research is particularly relevant and practically significant. The purpose of the research is to identify the problems of development of the Murmansk Oblast, the most industrially and territorially developed region of the Arctic zone of Russia, on the basis of the comparison of subjectively perceived assessments of the quality of life and objective socio-economic characteristics, and to outline ways to solve them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the methodology for assessing the subjectively perceived and statistically determined quality of life of the population on the basis of indicators characterizing personal well-being and the quality of the living environment was developed; the subjectively perceived quality of life was assessed on the basis of the author’s methodology including the results of surveys of the population of cities and towns in the Murmansk Oblast; the quality of life of the population of the Murmansk Oblast was assessed on the basis of statistical data of socio-economic development; the data of the obtained assessments were compared, similarities and differences in the satisfaction of the population with personal well-being (as well as with the living environment) and statistical characteristics were revealed; the most important problems of socio-economic development, the resolution of which will improve the quality of life of the population of the Arctic region, were identified.
Composition of Arctic Territories for State Support: Which Way to Choose?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Pilyasov Aleksandr N. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: September 2024

Due to the fact that currently there are several lists of Arctic territories for state support, the article describes possible options for changing their composition in the forecast period of the next decade: from complete unification of all lists to, on the contrary, extreme diversification (each list has its own tasks of state support). The research question of the article is to determine the benefits and costs of each scenar-io for the “set” of Arctic territories for government support. Main results: 1) four scenarios of evolution of the current system of state support of the Arctic and northern territories according to the geographical factor (composition of territories for support) — a) optimal-administrative; b) anti- district; c) polyphonic; d) limited diversity; 2) radical anti-district and optimal-administrative scenarios, comfortable for federal executive authorities, carry the highest integral risks. The polyphonic “evolutionary” scenario carries minimal risks, when, simultaneously with the preservation of the institution of northern regional guarantees and compensation, institutions of the multifaceted Arctic are established — for resident investors, geostrategic, and entrepreneurial. But it also turns out to be the most expensive for the federal budget; 3) for the integral scenario, it is advisable to take into account the following elements of the described scenarios: multiple lists of Arctic regions for different forms of state support; preservation in a limited form of the former regional institution of social support for the northern and Arctic territories; full support for small and medium-sized manufacturing entrepreneurs in the Arctic and North, primarily in areas with limited delivery times for goods; gradual transformation of support for localities equated to regions of the Far North, from northern and Arctic institutions to all-Russian regional ones; introduction of institutions that encourage the technological transformation of the previous industrial structure and the formation of a new digital structure throughout the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
ROOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND PROSPECTIVE VARIETIES OF COTTON IN DRIP IRRIGATION IN TYPICAL SIEROZEM SOIL CONDITIONS
Authors:   Phd Student Of Research Institute Of Cotton Selection, Seed Breeding Cultivation Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan, Bobokandov Shodiyor
Published: September 2024

In this article, information is given on the effect development of the root system of cotton when irrigated in the order of 70-70-60% in furrow irrigation, 70-70-60%, 65-70-65% and 70-75-65% in drip irrigation (DI) of new and regional varieties of cotton S-6524, S-6570 and S-8298 in the conditions of irrigated typical sierozem soils of Tashkent province.
EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULATOR NORMS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF “SADAF” VARIETY OF SESAME
Authors:   Professor of department of Plant science and oil crops, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva Z.K. , Usmanova N.A. ,   PhD student of department of Plant science and oil crops, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan
Published: September 2024

In this article, various measures of biostimulants Tandem, Immunoactive biostimulants were applied to increase the biomass of Sadaf variety of sesame, and Fitovak biostimulant was studied as a standard for these biostimulants. Application of Tandem biostimulator 0,3 l/ha, Immunoactive 35 ml/ha and Fitovak (standard) 300 ml/ha has been proven to increase plant biomass. Immunoactive biostimulant has been found to have a positive effect on the growth and development of sesame.
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PHEROMONES
Authors:   Associate Professor At Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named After Nizami, Uzbekistan, Xondhodjaeva Nodira Baxtiyarovna
Published: September 2024

This article reveals the essence of the concept of "pheromones" and their biological significance. In the article variants of their application in agriculture for struggle against insects-pests are presented. The definition of term and classification of pheromones and their types are given: feromons of insects, feromons of fish, feromons of vertebrates, feromons of humans, fermons of plants, sexual feromons, anxiety feromons, trace feromons, epidemic feromons and their functions and significance for the representative's organism and the environment as a whole.
PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PREPARING STUDENTS FOR FAMILY LIFE
Authors:   Associate Professor Of Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Kushakova Gulnora
Published: September 2024

The preparation of students for family life is a critical aspect of their holistic development. This article explores various pedagogical mechanisms designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for successful family life. The study examines contemporary educational strategies, family life education programs, and the role of teachers and parents in this process. Emphasis is placed on the integration of family life education into school curricula, the development of interpersonal skills, and the promotion of emotional intelligence.
THE SCORPION FROM THE ALTAR: LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   2nd stage student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Uzbekistan, Rukhshona Rustamova
Published: September 2024

This article is dedicated to the literary and historical analysis of the novel "The Scorpion from the Altar." It examines the system of characters, plot and genre features, as well as the author's style and the cultural context of the novel. The research reveals the author's creative style and attitude towards the events of the time, highlighting the relevance of its themes and characters in contemporary society.
STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATION FACILITIES IN KHOREZM OASIS
Authors:   Candidate of historical sciences, docent Urganch State Pedagogical Institute vice-rector for academic affairs, Uzbekistan, Atajanovich Sheripov Umarbek
Published: September 2024

It should be noted that a number of studies have been conducted on the subject until today. It is appropriate to recognize that this situation has been studied more deeply since the time of the Russian Empire. Of course, the colonial government did some things towards its goals. From this point of view, it is necessary to analyze the historiography of the subject in a broader way from this period.
KURDISH FACTOR IN TURKEY’S FOREIGN POLICY IN SYRIA
Authors:   Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies Specialization “International Relations And World Politics” First-Year Master’s Student, Uzbekistan, Nazarova Fotima
Published: September 2024

In this article, the problem of the Kurds in Syria is in the foreign policy of Turkey, which is considered one of the leading actors in the Middle East region and Turkey’s military operations aimed at preventing Kurdish separatism will be covered in detail.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AT THE ACADEMY OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS: PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy Of Law (Phd), Uzbekistan, Sattarovich Jumanov Tulkin
Published: September 2024

This article describes some of the problems that arise in the process of training professional personnel for the field at the Academy of the Ministry of internal affairs and provides their solutions.
FORMАTION АND DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR CRIMES RELАTED TO THE ILLEGАL REMOVАL OF HUMАN ORGАNS АND (OR) TISSUES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTАN
Authors:   Master Student 1 Course Of The Law Enforcement Academy Under The Prosecutor General's Office Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Ulug'bekovich Sultonov Nodirbek
Published: September 2024

Modern аdvаnces in medicine, such аs trаnsplаntology, genetics, embryo trаnsfer аnd аrtificiаl inseminаtion require cаreful legаl regulаtion. However, so fаr no stаte hаs аdopted the most complete legislаtion providing for both medicаl аnd legаl regulаtion of аll issues of orgаn аnd tissue trаnsplаntаtion. The relevаnce of this issue requires the аttention of both medicаl workers аnd lаwyers; both prаctitioners аnd scientists.
Preventing fixation: Evidence of item-method directed forgetting protecting against mental impasses in creative problem-solving
Authors: Gauselmann Paula , Tempel Tobias
Published: September 2024

Creative problem-solving can be impeded by mental impasses which are caused by fixation on associated but misguiding ideas. Recently, research has focused on the question of which processes might be involved in overcoming fixation and how it can be prevented from occurring altogether. In the present study, we investigated whether initially encoded fixation words can be forgotten by means of item-method directed forgetting, a procedure in which participants are presented with a series of items that are each followed by a remember cue or forget cue. Here, the series of items partly consisted of words that were misleadingly associated with compound remote associate problems that had to be solved later on. Two groups were compared: For one group, fixation words were followed by forget cues (fixation-F), whereas for the other group, they were followed by a remember cue (fixation-R). Results revealed three major findings: (1) The fixation-R group showed typical detrimental effects of fixation (i.e., impaired problem-solving performance), whereas there was no significant fixation effect in the fixation-F group, and (2) the magnitude of fixation was positively related to memory for fixation words. The present findings add to existing literature about how fixation negatively affects creative problem-solving and how it can be prevented by reducing the activation level of misleading thoughts.
L1 production following brief L2 exposure: Evidence for cross-talk across comprehension and production
Authors: Degani Tamar , Kreiner Hamutal , Declerck Mathieu
Published: September 2024

Language control allows bilinguals to fluently shift between their languages. Here, we tested whether comprehension and production tasks initiate language control processes to the same extent, and whether these processes operate over specific concepts or globally. Seventy Hebrew–English bilinguals completed an L1 picture-naming production task in the first and third blocks, and either a reading aloud (word production) or an animacy judgment (word comprehension) task in their L2 in the second block. Further, concepts were either repeated across blocks or not. Results showed more filled pauses in the third block relative to the first block. Additionally, the size of this blocked-language order effect was similar following word production and word comprehension tasks in the L2, suggesting that production and comprehension tasks were similarly efficient in instigating control processes. Finally, both recurring and new concepts were affected, suggesting that mostly global language control is at play. These findings provide constraining evidence for fully understanding the scope of bilingual language control.
Asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis of chiral homoallylic amines
Authors: Kondratyev Nikolay S , Malkov Andrei V
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, the chiral allylation of imines emerged as a key methodology in the synthesis of alkaloids and natural products with 4-, 5- and 6-membered cyclic amine motifs. Initially reliant on stoichiometric reagents, synthetic chemists predominantly used N-substituted chiral imines, organometallic chiral reagents and achiral reagents with an equimolar chiral controller. However, recent years have witnessed the rise of asymmetric transition-metal catalysts and, importantly, organocatalytic allylation, reshaping the landscape of modern synthetic chemistry. This review explores the latest developments in the asymmetric allylation of imines, encompassing cutting-edge advances in hydrogen-bond catalysis and non-classical approaches. Furthermore, practical examples showcasing the application of these innovative methodologies in total synthesis are presented.
Niche partitioning of invasive Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) amongst native fish communities in three different freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Ercoli Fabio , Kiljunen Mikko , Teesalu Paul , Tuvikene Arvo , Tambets Meelis , Kärgenberg Einar , Nõges Tiina
Published: September 2024

The invasive fish, Amur sleeper, poses a significant and growing threat to Central European freshwater ecosystems. Despite its rapid spread, the ecological implications of its invasion have been poorly explored. Recent findings confirm its presence in various Estonian freshwater systems, raising concerns about its imminent expansion into larger lakes. To better understand its potential ecological impacts, we explored the isotopic niche of the Amur sleeper in comparison with native fish species co-existing in three Estonian freshwater ecosystems. We employed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses alongside gut content analyses. Our findings show that the Amur sleeper’s diet in newly-invaded Estonian water bodies predominantly comprises benthic macroinvertebrates, although it may also include fish, confirming its role as a predator in the local food web. Notably, Amur sleeper populations exhibited clear isotopic niche partitioning in three invaded ecosystems. A logistic regression model, based on stomach content analyses, revealed an ontogenetic diet shift from benthivorous to piscivorous feeding habits from small to large specimens. Amur sleeper exhibits voracious, non-selective feeding habits, which can negatively impact native freshwater communities. The ability to occupy a distinct isotopic niche, with minimal overlap with native fish populations, may reduce interspecific competition, facilitating the spread and establishment of Amur sleeper in newly-invaded habitats. Managing the spread of this invasive species thus becomes even more critical to safeguard the integrity of native aquatic ecosystems.
Tahiti Population (Re)Estimates and Ideologies
Authors: Rallu Jean-louis
Published: September 2024

The question of Tahiti population at contact was first addressed by assessing the reliability of early and later estimates, and then by a retrodiction based on the first reliable censuses and data on trends. Cook’s famous estimate of 204,000 Tahitians, affected by a wrong number of districts, has been reworked based on his own and the Forsters’ observations, using coast length and the age and sex structure of Tahiti population at contact in relation to infanticide, resulting in a range of 156,000-188,000 persons in 1774, before Boenechea’s flu in 1772 and the 1774 flu epidemics. The discrepancies between Wilson’s 16,050 and other missionaries’ estimate of 50,000 as of 1797 are puzzling, but the 1829-1830 missionary estimates were strongly affected by Tahitians’ resistance to Christianization. The twentieth century estimates are affected by a political context related to colonization - decolonisation, leading to the fact that researchers favour low estimates. McArthur uses missionary data, assuming that baptisms are births, although before the conversion was completed, baptisms included adults and children of all ages. She bases her estimate of 30,000 Tahitians at contact in 1767 on Wilson’s number of 16,050, who applied the size of nuclear households, 6 persons, to clans. Oliver followed her, however not excluding numbers twice as high or more. Our retrodiction on the 1848 and 1881 censuses, based on qualitative missionary reports on sanitary situation and data of Rarotonga that experienced similar events as Tahiti, yield, with conservative assumptions, 180,000 persons at contact, showing consistent results with early navigators’ estimates. My own PhD experience in the late 1980s shows that scholars’ re-estimates were constrained, directly or indirectly, by political considerations related to the guilt syndrome and colonialist ideology. This appears in the frequent contradictions found in their works to support low estimates in order to reduce the decline, despite evidence of dramatic epidemics and a steady decline extending almost throughout the 19th century. The same attitude of denial is found in some missionary, administrative and medical reports, particularly on the Marquesas in the late 19th century. Colonisation was associated with various ideologies, related to anthropology’s early attempts based on theories of evolutionism, functionalism and structuralism, occasionally resulting in fictions such as “primitive thinking”, “ahistorical societies” and “collective unconscious”, that were part of the justification of colonisation and its mistakes.
A new toad of Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962 (Anura, Megophryidae) from Sichuan Province, southwest China
Authors: Hou Yin Meng , Zheng Pu Yang , Yu Hao Qi , Wang Bin , Chen Xiao Hong , Xie Feng
Published: September 2024

A new species of the genus Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962 is described from Sichuan Province, southwest China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial gene sequences clustered the new species as an independent clade nested with O. rugosus, O. liangbeiensis, and O. major. The new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (39.8–52.8 mm in male); head broad; tympanum absent; interorbital region with dark triangular pattern; 1/3 toes webbed, with broad lateral fringes, belly smooth, brown yellow or medium yellow scattered variable brown spots; skin on dorsum relatively rough with fine tiny and large warts granules; middle pectoral glands are evident in males; flanks with dark-brown warts granules; upper surface of limbs with dark bars; and iris orange above and creamy-white below. The new species inhabits subtropical alpine scrub and swamp.
Osteoarthritis Across Joint Sites in the Million Veteran Program Cohort: Insights From Electronic Health Records and Military Service History
Authors: Lavin Kaleen M. , Richman Joshua S. , McDonald Merry-Lynn N. , Singh Jasvinder A.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To characterize the relationship between the frequency of idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA) and characteristics including demographics, comorbidities, military service history, and physical health in a veteran population.

Methods

We performed a cohort study in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) using International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision codes to define the frequency of site-specific OA across 3 joints or unspecified OA in veterans with respect to demographics (eg, age, sex, race and ethnicity), military service data, detailed electronic health records, military branch, and war era.

Results

We validated previous reports of sex- and age-dependent differences in OA frequency, and we identified that unspecified OA was associated with a higher frequency of 16 Deyo-Charlson comorbidities. These associations generally persisted within each isolated joint site–specific OA. Depending on military branch, prior military engagement was differentially associated with the frequency of OA. Prior United States Army and Navy service were associated with higher and lower risk, respectively, of OA across all joint sites; however, multivariable-adjusted models adjusting for a range of covariates, including age, sex, and ancestry, reversed the apparent protective effect of prior Navy service.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the breadth of factors associated with OA in the MVP veteran population and suggest that physical status may be a modifiable risk factor for OA. This work may help in the design of strategies to optimize appropriate detection, intervention, treatment, and even rehabilitation for OA in veterans and the general population.
Capital Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Vieira Elisabete S. , Madaleno Mara
Published: September 2024

Capital structure is a classic issue that has been widely studied in the last decades. Its relevance in corporate social responsibility (CSR) shows to be pertinent, but not sufficiently explored, namely in what concerns the role of capital structure on CSR. Based on a bibliometric analysis from the Scopus database for the period from 2010 and February 2023, the authors look to the past to follow the evolution of scientific production and trends on capital structure and CSR over the last decades and then try to understand in which direction the research in these subjects is moving. The results show the dominance of documents on capital structure and CSR in the period 2020-2022. The main conclusions about the studies analyzed is that companies with high levels of indebtedness face lower capacity to invest in CSR activities and firms with more CSR activities are more likely to use less debt. However, the last conclusion in not consensual. This study offers an overview of the state of the art, contributing to understanding the relationship between CSR and capital structure and identifying several avenues for future research.
CSR Practices in Brazilian Construction Firms
Authors: Júnior Adamilton Ferreira Pimenta , Lima Talissa Nunes , da Silva Santos Lívia Maria , de Macena Araújo Risolene Alves , Silva Adriana Rodrigues
Published: September 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is vital for business success, particularly in the competitive and evolving landscape of the construction industry. Companies increasingly adopt CSR to incorporate environmental and social practices into their operations, meeting stakeholder needs and promoting a sustainable balance between business performance and social well-being. This approach enhances corporate image, stakeholder satisfaction, and engagement. The construction sector, a key contributor to Brazil's GDP, has immense potential to drive urban development and improve public health, urban mobility, and housing. This study identifies and analyzes CSR practices of construction companies listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange, offering practical insights for managers and enriching the literature with a contextualized analysis of CSR's impact on corporate performance, thereby supporting future research and public policy development.
Organisational and Individual Accountability for Sustainability Through Control
Authors: Johnstone Leanne
Published: September 2024

This chapter elaborates on the connections between organisational and individual-level accountabilities for sustainability control purposes. This aim is achieved through a conceptual study that draws on accountability as the theoretical lens and some recent sustainability control works in different contexts to highlight potential research avenues for scholars conducting research into sustainability management, accounting, and/or control. The chapter finds that building on the individual level of accountability and socialising accountability form is important to incorporate into sustainability control studies given that such research is often conceptualised at the organisational level of external accounts. For practitioners, the chapter suggests that formalised control system design is not enough to ensure that sustainable performance outcomes are achieved in practice, and that managers in different types of organisational forms should integrate the views, perspectives, and beliefs systems of other (non-managerial) employees into their daily sustainability work.
Challenges, Ethical Considerations, and Future Trends in Integrating Technologies for Education
Authors: Maamari Hamida AL , Al-Ghaili Abbas , Sidhu Manjit Singh , Sidhu Kirandeep Kaur
Published: September 2024

This chapter will address the challenges and ethical considerations of integrating technology into education for all educators. It will highlight limited access and support, the shift to emergency remote teaching, challenges in developing countries, obstacles to technology integration, and ethical concerns in using virtual reality. The chapter will conclude by discussing future trends in technology for education. By addressing these challenges and ethical considerations, technology will effectively enhance learning outcomes and promote equitable access to education for all educators.
Virtual Reality (VR)-Based Teaching Strategies for Kindergarten Classes
Authors: Albalushi Maryam
Published: September 2024

This chapter will delve into the world of virtual reality (VR) and its profound impact on kindergarten education. By offering young students immersive experiences that pique their curiosity, encourage exploration, and improve learning outcomes, VR-based teaching strategies present a novel way to engage students. In addition to discussing the many advantages of virtual reality in kindergarten classrooms, this chapter offers educators helpful advice on how to incorporate VR technology into their lesson plans. Furthermore, this chapter contains several sections of VR-based teaching strategies for kindergarten classes.
Improving Academic Specialization Choice in Higher Education in Oman Using Virtual Reality (VR) Experiential Learning
Authors: Hussain Shaik Asif
Published: September 2024

For any student, picking an area of academic specialization is a pivotal moment that impacts their future career progression and personal fulfillment. Traditional methods like career counseling and information sessions often fail to give learners the necessary experiences to help them make informed choices. This realization necessitates a comprehension of pupils' transitions between academic disciplines. For this reason, this chapter has been rolled out to investigate the potential use of immersive virtual reality (VR) as a novel tool to enhance experiential learning and aid students in their academic specialization selection process. The work helps to assist students better if they understand the elements that contribute to happiness or discontent while choosing a study major. Teachers, career counsellors, students, and employers making decisions about their educational route may all benefit from insight into the variables influencing the choice of study and the link between decision-making processes and the degree of satisfaction after using the virtual reality platform.
Mechanical Characterization and Fatigue Behavior of AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Influence of Printing Orientation
Authors: Rautio Timo , Jaskari Matias , Hietala Mikko , Mustakangas Aappo , Järvenpää Antti
Published: September 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), have revolutionized the production of complex components, offering unparalleled design freedom and material customization. This paper delves into the mechanical intricacies of AlSi10Mg manufactured via PBF-LB, with a specific focus on its mechanical properties and fatigue behavior under different loading conditions when the material has not been heat treated. The study investigates the influence of printing orientation on the mechanical characteristics of AlSi10Mg components. It is revealed that build orientation plays a crucial role in determining the material’s mechanical response, with distinct trends observed in different orientations. Furthermore, the fatigue performance of AlSi10Mg under flexural bending and axial loading conditions are studied. Results indicate a significant enhancement in fatigue resistance when components are printed in optimal orientations, underscoring the importance of orientation control in additive manufacturing processes. Overall, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of AlSi10Mg produced via PBF-LB, offering insights for optimizing component design and manufacturing processes in various industries.
Electrodeposition and Characterization of Cobalt (Co) Foam with Food-Grade Agar via Dynamic Hydrogen Bubbling Template (DHBT)
Authors: Macababbad Christine Ann Narag , Balela Mary Donnabelle L.
Published: September 2024

Supercapacitors exhibit both high energy and power densities that facilitate the discharge of energy rapidly, but their energy density is inferior to batteries. A porous electrode maximizes the charge capacity of supercapacitors making metal foams widely researched materials. With the hydrogen evolution activity, superior reversible redox reactions, and excellent cyclic stability of cobalt (Co)-based foam, it could serve as an excellent active material and current collector for pseudocapacitor. Dynamic hydrogen bubbling templating (DHBT) is a low-cost, and straightforward electrodeposition technique for synthesizing metal foams. This study synthesized Co foams with food-grade agar as an additive via DHBT. The effect of food-grade agar concentration and current densities were studied wherein the result showed that higher concentration of food-grade agar and current densities led to smaller and more uniform pore sizes. Co foam 0.3% food-grade agar electrodeposited at 2.5 A/cm2 have the most uniformed structure. The cobalt foam is then oxidized in ambient conditions and employed as both active material and current collector. Co foam with 0.3% agar synthesized at 2.5 A/cm2 attained a high capacitance from the discharge curves at 211.525 Fcm-2.
Mechanical Characterization of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced PLA Composite and Parameters Optimization
Authors: Guduru Kranthi Kumar , Gangisetti Srinivasu
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing parameters on the mechanical properties of 700 µm length carbon fiber-infused PLA composites with 10 µm diameter. Employing the Taguchi method with an L27 orthogonal array, variations in layer thickness, air gap, printing temperature, orientation, and nozzle material were explored. The results highlight layer height, nozzle material, and printing orientation as significant factors influencing the mechanical properties of 3D printed carbon PLA composites. The observed improvements, compared to pure PLA, reveal a substantial 10% and 55% enhancement in strength. Notably, TiC nozzle material outperforms steel and brass, attributed to its lower friction and higher flow ability, contributing to superior printability and enhanced bonding between layers, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
Tumor-derived Exosomes and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Whiteside Theresa L
Published: September 2024

Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade, has been approved for treatment of patients with many cancer types. However, some patients fail to respond to immunotherapy, and emerging evidence indicates that tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) play a major role in reprogramming the host immune cells by inducing their dysfunction. Focusing on effector T cells, this review illustrates mechanisms of suppression that TEX use, thus promoting tumor escape from the host immune system. TEX carry multiple suppressive signals that drive T cell dysfunction and convert the tumor microenvironment into “an immune desert” in which activated T cells either die or are reprogrammed to mediate protumor functions. The reprogrammed T cells produce a new crop of CD3+ immunoinhibitory exosomes that further amplify suppression mediated by TEX. The result is a profound depletion of antitumor immune effector cells that reflects the defective immune competence of the cancer patient and partly explains why TEX are a significant barrier for cancer immunotherapy.
Placebo-controlled effect of topical Qust (Costus) oil on postmenopausal women's sexual desire disorder: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fallah Akram , Dabbaghian Fattaneh Hashem , Jamshidi Amirhossein , Akhtari Elham
Published: September 2024

Decreased libido and anorgasmia are common problems for women after menopause that reduce the quality of life of couples. This study examined the effect of topical Qust oil on sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women. In this double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, 110 postmenopausal women with decreased sexual desire visiting a Traditional Medicine Center and Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital (affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences) were selected by convenience consecutive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received qust oil, while the control group was given a placebo (liquid paraffin); they were instructed to massage the product topically on their pubic area and perineum daily. The sexual function of both groups was assessed and compared before the intervention and four weeks after the intervention using the Female Sexual Function Index. The mean and standard deviation of the improvement of sexual function post-intervention were 37.66±32.52% and 11.96±11.18% in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p<0.001). In terms of the improvement of components of sexual function, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the sub-scales of sexual desire [57.05±42.99% vs. 21.25±27.85%, p<0.001], arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction (p<0.001 for all); however, no significant difference was observed in terms of lubrication (p=0.25) and pain during intercourse (p=0.776). In postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction, massaging the pubic area and perineum with qust oil for at least four weeks significantly improves desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction.
Cytological analysis of interspecific hybrids of cotton
Authors: Toshpulatova Gulnoza , Boboyev Sayfulla , Mirakhmedov Mirvakhob , Khusanov Navruzbek , Abdukarimov Ulug‘bek
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes data on the production of new intergenomic hybrids involving the species Gossypium thurberi Tod., Gossypium raimondii Ulbr., Gossypium arboreum L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Gossypium barbadense L., belonging to genome groups D1, D5 A2 cotton and presents the results of some cytological studies of the resulting hybrids. As a result of experiments using the method of interspecific hybridization, an amphidiploid {[(G. thurberi Tod. × G. raimondii Ulbr.) × G. arboreum L.] ×  G. hirsutum L.} with a complex genetic basis was obtained. Based on the hybridization of the resulting amphidiploid with cultivars of the species G. barbadense L. and G. hirsutum L., interspecific complex hybrids were synthesized, including 4 species with hybridization of 46.7-55.1% and including 5 species with hybridization of 24.6-31.3%.By interspecific hybridization and backcrosses,  valuable source material for the cotton breeding has been created. Valuable introgressed lines having high productivity and high quality, which are at various stages of testing have been realized. Cytological analysis of the hybrids revealed that they were true interspecific crosses. Observations of meiotic metaphase chromosomes indicated the degree of relatedness between species.
Positive inclusive experiences of a same-sex desiring male Foundation Phase teacher
Authors: Kagola Obakeng
Published: September 2024

Background: Much work has been done to realise the discourse of diversity and gender equality in the perceived feminised Foundation Phase (FP) of teaching and learning. Part of the work was done through the inclusion of males in FP teaching to provide learners and teachers alike with diverse learning experiences. In South Africa, most research focuses on why FP teaching remains a feminised space, the marginalisation of few male FP teachers. However, less is known about male FP teachers’ positive inclusive experiences.Objectives: To contribute to the discussion by presenting Camagu’s case study, a same-sex desiring male FP teacher, and his positive inclusive experiences in a conservative context in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative single case study methodology employing photovoice to elicit Camagu’s positive inclusive experiences in FP teaching.Results: Findings revealed positive inclusive practices implemented by the school, discussed under two themes: Finding a sense of belonging through school structures and ‘It’s nice to have someone as different as you in the school …’ - Learners’ perspective.Conclusion: The study suggests a need for increased support for school leadership and teachers to promote inclusive policies and practices affirming diverse identities of all learners and teachers.Contribution: Camagu’s experiences offer new research dimension by sharing best practices for fostering inclusive school environments. The study challenges deeply rooted gender norms in South African education, particularly in FP teaching. It advocates for inclusion and acceptance of male teachers, regardless of their diverse gender and sexual orientations, promoting gender diversity.
Study of Life Events and Quality of Life in Patients of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Patil Alkesh , Sengupta Aparna , Mule Ashwini , Karia Sagar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses found across all ages, genders and socioeconomic status. It has significant health, psychosocial, and economic impact. It is worse than many chronic medical diseases and has a negative effect on quality of life which persists even after remission.

Objectives:

The aim of this research was to study the relationship of major depressive disorder with quality of life and stressful life events in adults.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study wherein purposive sampling method was employed. Patients from psychiatry outpatient department who fulfilled the criteria for major depressive disorder and belonging to the age range of 18–75 years were shortlisted and requested to participate in the study. After taking informed consent, data on quality of life, enjoyment and satisfaction, stressful life events and severity of depression were gathered using questionnaires and a semi structured interview.

Results:

Severity of depression was found to be negatively correlated with quality of life, enjoyment and satisfaction P = 0.001 level of significance. There were no significant correlations between severity of depression and stressful life events. Pearson’s Chi-square indicated that the severity of depression has a significant association with highest educational qualification, occupation, marital status, and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion:

Measuring and keeping track of quality of life through self-report levels is important in improving depressive disorders and should be integral part of management. Other steps comprise of starting early treatment, ensuring treatment adherence, reducing severity, and reducing relapse. Psychosocial interventions should also be taken into consideration.
Comparative study of the early functional outcome of anatomic reconstruction of chronic lateral ankle instability with polyester tape reinforcement versus anchor repair
Authors: Shekedaf Saed M. , Salama Mina E. , Kamaleldin Mahmoud M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to compare the early functional outcome of anatomic reconstruction of chronic lateral ankle instability with polyester tape reinforcement versus suture anchor repair.

Patients and Methods

Sixty patients suffering from chronic lateral ankle instability were included. Thirty patients were treated by anatomic reconstruction of the injured ligaments and reinforcement with polyester tape and the other half was treated by suture anchors in our institution with a minimum period of 6 months follow-up. The postoperative results were assessed according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery (AOFAS) scoring system for hind-foot.

Results

AOFAS score is improved postoperatively in both techniques without statistically significant difference (P=0.084). The results of the two techniques were comparable without statistically significant difference regarding pain, walking distance, hindfoot motion, foot alignment, activity limitation and support requirement (P=0.602, 0.067, 0.582, 0.448, 0.606, respectively). All the studied cases returned to their original activity level.
Avascular necrosis after surgery of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children after walking age: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Zaghloul Khaled , Shaheen Amr , Elgeidi Adham , El-Adl Wael
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital anomaly in children. It includes a spectrum of anatomic abnormalities ranging from acetabular dysplasia to frank hip dislocation. Avascular necrosis (AVN) is one of the main complications associated with the treatment of DDH. It is a devastating problem that can lead to acetabular dysplasia and joint incongruity and cause premature osteoarthritis. The study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of AVN after open reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip in children after walking age.

Patients and methods

Between the period of April 2014 and April 2019, a retrospective cohort evaluation of DDH cases was managed by surgery in the form of open reduction and pelvic osteotomy with or without femoral shortening. All grades of Tönnis classification were included. This study included 200 cases with an age range from 1 to 7 years, and the average age is 3.5 years at the time of last follow-up. The mean follow was 2.29 years, which ranged from 1 to 4 years. Plain radiography obtained in anteroposterior and frog lateral views after 1 year follow-up to diagnosis AVN as established in the literature.

Results

In this study, the mean time of intervention was 2.26 ± 0.97 years with an age range from 1 to 5 years. Twenty-six (13%) cases were managed only by open reduction and capsulorrhaphy, 174 (72.5%) cases had pelvic osteotomies, either Salter or Dega osteotomy, of whom 104 had femoral shortening and derotational osteotomy (59.77%). No AVN was reported in 159 (79.5%) cases, while AVN was evident in 41 (20.5%) cases.

Discussion

Incidence of AVN after open reduction depend on variable factor discussed in this study with total incidence of AVN 41 (20.5%) cases. This result is similar to other studies, with the incidence of AVN ranging from 15 to 30%. In the present study, the incidence of AVN increased 17 times in cases with postoperative immobilization in the hip spica more than or equal to 60° in the form of 21 cases showed AVN.

Conclusion

Postoperative hip immobilization in spica less than 60° as children with postoperative hip abduction more than or equal to 60° showed an increase incidence of AVN.