bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE COUPLED HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER THERMAL CALCULATION IN CHINA
Authors: Luo Daiwei , Li Yunxi , Liu Jiaping
Published: August 2024

The climate in China varies substantially across its extensive territory. However, the traditional thermal design of buildings is primarily based on pure heat calculation that considers only heat transfer. Therefore, the heat transfer of a building envelope should be clarified under the action of periodic external disturbance circulation. In this study, four different climatic factors were selected for heat transfer simulation, including season, solar radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity. The results indicate that the outdoor relative humidity has a significant impact on the difference between coupled heat and moisture calculation and pure thermal calculation. This influence becomes evident in the cooling conditions in summer but weakens in the winter heating conditions. Accordingly, the meteorological data of 270 cities in China were statistically analyzed using Python programming language. The concept of “cooling high-humidity days” was proposed as a zoning indicator for coupled heat and humidity thermal calculation zoning. The coupled heat and moisture thermal calculation design zoning map of China is provided, which affords the specific calculation method in building thermal design.
Design and Parametric Analysis of Excavator Arm Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Syed Karimulla , Kruthiventi Sai Sarath , Allamsetti Yogesh , Duncan Agweu Remmy , Vellanki Nagaraju
Published: August 2024

Excavators are earth moving equipment used in excavating hard rocks and soil underneath the natural surface of the ground. Due to unpredictable conditions the excavator parts like boom, arm, bucket, and bucket teeth are subjected to high loads. During the excavation operation, there is an obscure resistance forces offered by the terrain to bucket teeth, which in turn are passed on to arm of the excavator. These forces have an adverse effect on the excavator. Thus, the excavator parts are made with high strength, which makes the parts heavy. This in turn increases the initial fabrication cost and operating cost due to heavier operating parts. Therefore, this work deals with optimizing the design and conducting FEA to existing excavator arm. In this work, finite element analysis (FEA) of existing excavator arm is compared with optimized arm for stresses and deflection. This chapter discusses finite element-based optimization of excavator arm, and the most appropriate design is identified. Further model analysis is performed to check stability in the model and compared with the existing model.
The Role of FGM Core Content in Optimizing Stability of Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams
Authors: Padhi S. N. , Raghuram K. S. , Rout Trilochan , Rao Seeram Srinivasa , Choudhury Mamata
Published: August 2024

This study explores how varying the composition of the functionally graded material (FGM) core impacts the stability of functionally graded sandwich (FGSW) beams. The authors leverage Hamilton's principle and finite element analysis to formulate the problem, while Floquet's theory establishes the stability boundaries. The FGM core's properties can be described by either a power-law with variable exponents or an exponential law. The findings reveal that increasing the FGM content in FGSW-2.5 beams nudges their instability regions towards the dynamic load factor axis, rendering them more prone to dynamic instability. Conversely, the effect is reversed for e-FGSW beams. These results emphasize the importance of considering FGM core content during the design of FGSW beams for optimal stability. By understanding this influence, engineers can create structures with enhanced stability and reliability.
Dynamics of Financial Risk on the Effect of Sustainable Practices on Financial Performance
Authors: Thomas Dany , Mammen Ria , Kurian Vimal George , Asha S. P.
Published: August 2024

The study examine the influence of financial risk on the nature of the relationship between ESG and the financial performance of Indian banks. In India, loans are key financial products of banks that are exposed to carbon-intensive sectors, which hinder their efforts to mitigate against transition risks and global ESG standards, amid the growing pressure from international investors. The study uses ROA to measure financial performance. The independent variable ESG was measured using the ESG scores Indian banks indexed in the NIFTY 100 ESG Index. Altman's Z-score model which predicts the financial risk of Indian banks was considered as the mediating variable to assess its influence on the nature of the relationship between ESG and financial performance. The evidence from the study would be useful to identify the changes in the financial performance of Indian banks resulting from their sustainable performance.
Green Technology
Authors: Chheda Snehee , Gharat Anish , Nilawar Atharva Akash , Parihar Mahendra
Published: August 2024

In India, there is high demand for faster modes of travel. High speed rail (HSR) can travel at speeds up to 250 kmph. The HSR project in India connects many locations, with new corridors being added with time. Benefits such as reduced travel time, employment, and ease of trade between connected locations boost economic activity. Also, high impact can be seen on the environment. For such a large-scale initiative affordability and feasibility must be kept in mind. Just like other countries, an assumption can be made that in the long run, India would reap multiple socio-economic benefits as well. Other than the benefits, the challenges must be considered too. Secondary data and information from many sources are used in the methodology for this study. The idea was tested using data analysis and visualization. The costs and operating speeds of HSRs in other nations as well as the impact of shorter travel times on the economy, land prices and jobs were noted. With the rise in global warming, a green technologies and sustainability focused project helps fast-track India's success.
Post-COVID-19 Policy Analysis to Achieve Sustainable Urban Health Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Parimal Kumar , Das Pias Kumar
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the policy loopholes and implementation pitfalls in Bangladesh's urban health management system in light of the COVID-19 pandemic event to share all as part of the lessons to other countries. Bangladesh is a populous country, and one-third of people live in rural areas but depend on urban health organizations at secondary and tertiary levels to get health services. Policy, acts, and rules are the main sources of information. The authors recommend a sustainable health management strategy for the urban people for primary and self-care services. This write-off followed secondary sources and desktop search methods such as Research Gate, Academia, Google Scholar, and the concerned websites. Finally, as part of sustainable solutions in health management, this chapter recommends national budget allocation to form an urban health unit to supervise and monitor the sustainable urban health system aligning with SDGs 3 and 16.
Using AI to Its Full Potential
Authors: Selva Kumar V. , Bhuvana J. , Gupta Sachin , Hussain Syed Naimathullah , Bikramjit Athokpam , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Gupta Ankur
Published: August 2024

Science is starting to recognize that technology has an influence on the environment. The most promise for change is seen in artificial intelligence. This research employs AI to provide environmentally beneficial, long-lasting solutions. Global resource depletion, pollution, and climate change are all addressed in the study. The chapter proposes that AI be used to develop solutions in response to these challenges, which spur change. Several case studies show how artificial intelligence might support environmental sustainability. Examples include waste management, energy efficiency, biodiversity conservation, and the prediction of natural disasters. Every case study delves into the concepts, issues, and sustainability of AI. The chapter addresses the ethical and practical ramifications of AI in the next part. These worries include loss of jobs due to automation, AI inclusion, and data privacy. It offers precise legal frameworks as well as AI integration with various technological and social solutions. The last section of the chapter discusses AI's role in sustainable development.
Changing Societies Adjusting to Environmental Initiatives
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Biloria Damini
Published: August 2024

Society is undergoing a notable shift towards embracing green initiatives and environmental improvements that indicate towards embracing green initiatives and prioritizing environmental improvements. The contemporary era witnessed escalating calls for environmental sustainability that have reverberated across the globe, prompting significant shifts in societal attitudes and behaviours. This chapter delves into the multifaceted landscape of societal adaptations to green initiatives. Apparently, the transition in the preferences of consumers reflects a growing awareness of environmental concerns and a desire for sustainable products and practices. From changing consumer preferences to the rise of eco-conscious movements, the authors explore how individuals, communities, and institutions are embracing and adapting to the imperative of environmental stewardship. Simultaneously, eco-conscious movements have gained momentum, mobilizing individuals and communities to advocate for environmental protection and climate action.
Synchronization in Finance
Authors: Abedeen Zafar , Salman Syed Ahmed
Published: August 2024

The article evaluates empirical information to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes, market demands, financial performance, and regulatory challenges on implementing IBT in India. The research had 196 people as part of its sample, coming from various religious groups. A random method ensured the sample had people from different groups: simple t-tests and one-way Welch's ANOVA for other groups, including regression analysis about how statistics relate. This study adds to what we already know by proving that regulations affect the success of Islamic financial products in India. The remarkable thing about it is the careful use of many statistical methods, helping us to understand how different things affect each other well. This research is essential for people who make rules, work in financial fields, and study. It explains how Islamic banking and Takaful might work well in India. By applying these results, India could have a more effective strategy to establish a fair and plural financial landscape.
Multimedia Innovation and Integration of Folk Art Elements in Interior Design
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Xue Xiaobo
Published: August 2024

In the long history, China has accumulated a large number of excellent traditional cultures, especially folk-art elements, which are very rich in content and are good design materials and inspiration sources. With the development of China's economy and society, people's requirements for interior decoration have become higher, so multimedia graphic design to meet users' personalized needs is a typical implicit optimization problem. Therefore, this paper combines folk art elements with modern digital processing technology and interior design of image processing, and at the same time, the improved interactive genetic algorithm introduces users' subjective evaluation into the design process, allowing users to participate in the design work. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively meet the personalized needs of customers in the process of graphic design. It has played a positive role in the integration of national art and modern interior design and the embodiment of national characteristics in modern multimedia design.
A RORE-dependent Intronic Enhancer in the IL-7 Receptor-α Locus Controls Glucose Metabolism via Vγ4+ γδT17 Cells
Authors: Tani-ichi Shizue , Obwegs David , Yoshikawa Alice , Watanabe Hitomi , Kitano Satsuki , Ejima Aki , Hatano Shinya , Miyachi Hitoshi , Cui Guangwei , Shimba Akihiro , Abe Shinya , Hori Shohei , Kondoh Gen , Sagar  , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Ikuta Koichi
Published: August 2024

The IL-7R regulates the homeostasis, activation, and distribution of T cells in peripheral tissues. Although several transcriptional enhancers that regulate IL-7Rα expression in αβ T cells have been identified, enhancers active in γδ T cells remain unknown. In this article, we discovered an evolutionarily conserved noncoding sequence (CNS) in intron 2 of the IL-7Rα-chain (IL-7Rα) locus and named this region CNS9. CNS9 contained a conserved retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)–responsive element (RORE) and exerted RORγt-dependent enhancer activity in vitro. Mice harboring point mutations in the RORE in CNS9 (CNS9-RORmut) showed reduced IL-7Rα expression in IL-17–producing Vγ4+ γδ T cells. In addition, the cell number and IL-17A production of Vγ4+ γδ T cells were reduced in the adipose tissue of CNS9-RORmut mice. Consistent with the reduction in IL-17A, CNS9-RORmut mice exhibited decreased IL-33 expression in the adipose tissue, resulting in fewer regulatory T cells and glucose intolerance. The CNS9-ROR motif was partially responsible for IL-7Rα expression in RORγt+ regulatory T cells, whereas IL-7Rα expression was unaffected in RORγt-expressing Vγ2+ γδ T cells, Th17 cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells, and invariant NKT cells. Our results indicate that CNS9 is a RORΕ-dependent, Vγ4+ γδ T cell–specific IL-7Rα enhancer that plays a critical role in adipose tissue homeostasis via regulatory T cells, suggesting that the evolutionarily conserved RORΕ in IL-7Rα intron 2 may influence the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
A Chimeric IL-7Rα/IL-2Rβ Receptor Promotes the Differentiation of T Cell Progenitors into B Cells and Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Shimba Akihiro , Tani-ichi Shizue , Masuda Kyoko , Cui Guangwei , Munakata Satoru , Abe Shinya , Kitano Satsuki , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Ikuta Koichi
Published: August 2024

IL-7 and IL-2 are evolutionarily related cytokines that play critical roles in the development and expansion of immune cells. Although both IL-7R and IL-2R activate similar signaling molecules, whether their signals have specific or overlapping functions during lymphocyte differentiation remains unclear. To address this question, we generated IL-7R α-chain (IL-7Rα)/IL-2R β-chain (IL-24β) (72R) knock-in mice expressing a chimeric receptor consisting of the extracellular domain of IL-7Rα and the intracellular domain of IL-2Rβ under the control of the endogenous IL-7Rα promoter. Notably, this 72R receptor induced higher levels of STAT5 and Akt phosphorylation in T cells. In the periphery of 72R mice, the number of T cells, B cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) was increased, whereas early T cell progenitors and double-negative 2 thymocytes were reduced in the thymus. In addition, cell proliferation and Notch signaling were impaired in the early thymocytes of 72R mice, leading to their differentiation into thymic B cells. Interestingly, ILC2s were increased in the thymus of 72R mice. Early T cell progenitors from 72R mice, but not from wild-type mice, differentiated into NK cells and ILC2-like cells when cocultured with a thymic stromal cell line. Thus, this study indicates that the chimeric 72R receptor transduces more robust signals than the authentic IL-7Rα, thereby inducing the alternative differentiation of T cell progenitors into other cell lineages. This suggests that cytokine receptors may provide instructive signals for cell fate decisions.
Novos espinhos de nadadeiras de Chondrichthyes fósseis da Bacia do Parnaíba, Formação Pedra de Fogo (Permiano) no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Costa Jhonathan G. S. , Fortier Daniel C. , Cisneros Juan Carlos , Morais Victor F. S. de
Published: August 2024

New Chondrichthyes fin spines fossils from the Pedra de Fogo Formation (Permian) in State of Tocantins, Brazil. The Parnaíba Basin has a unique fossil record of Chondrichthyes that lived during the Permian period. Within this basin is the Pedra de Fogo Formation, dating from the Cisuralian, which is distributed in parts of the states of Pará, Tocantins, Piauí, Maranhão, Ceará, and Bahia. Due to their cartilaginous skeleton, Chondrichthyes skeletal remains are not prone to fossilization, with teeth, fin spines and dermal denticles being more commonly found. The main objective of this work is to describe new fins spines from the Parnaíba Basin, collected in the State of Tocantins and stored at the Museum of Archeology and Paleontology of the Federal University of Piauí. Six shark spines were identified as belonging to Ctenacanthiformes. A more specific classification at the genus and species level is still uncertain due to the difficulties with the definition of such taxa and incompleteness of the described remains. These occurrences contribute to future research in the area concerning about on fossil fin spines found in the Parnaíba Basin. Keywords: Ctenacanthus, Ctenacanthiformes, paleohistology, Paleozoic.
Plants used for the management of paediatric ailments in Zimbabwe: A narrative review
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: August 2024

Background: Children are susceptible to various types of infections and diseases because of their low and weakened immune system. In various communities throughout the world, medicinal plants have historically been used to treat and manage paediatric diseases and ailments.Aim: The current study was aimed at identifying and analysing medicinal plants used traditionally to treat and manage paediatric diseases in Zimbabwe.Setting: This review provides an overview of medicinal plants used to manage paediatric ailments in Zimbabwe.Method: Ethnobotanical information on medicinal plants used to treat and manage paediatric diseases in Zimbabwe was obtained using online databases such as Scopus, JSTOR, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct.Results: A total of 178 taxa belonging to 64 families have been documented as traditional medicines for paediatric diseases and ailments in Zimbabwe. Cryptolepis oblongifolia, Asparagus spp., Dichrostachys cinerea, Fadogia ancylantha, Inula glomerata, Lannea edulis and Strychnos spinosa are the most popular medicinal plants with four to five use reports each. Medicinal plants are used to treat and manage 41 childhood medical conditions in Zimbabwe.Conclusion: Baseline data provided in this study can be used for future ethnopharmacological research focusing on chemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations of the documented species.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing literature about medicinal plants used to treat and manage paediatric diseases, and such data can be used to develop new health-promoting products for children and also pharmaceutical products that can be used to reduce child or infant mortality rate.
Constructing theoretical frameworks in social science research
Authors: Van der Waldt Gerrit
Published: August 2024

Theoretical frameworks generally serve as the intellectual scaffolding that underpins research processes in the social sciences, providing an analytical lens through which researchers make sense of complex social phenomena.This article is an exploration of the fundamental role of theoretical frameworks in social science research. Firstly, it sheds light on its ontological, epistemological and methodological design imperatives, beginning with an elucidation of the concept of theoretical frameworks within the realm of social science research. Secondly, the significance of integrating theoretical frameworks in the research process is analysed, with an emphasis on the fact that it enhances the rigour and clarity of scholarly inquiry by guiding researchers when formulating research questions and hypotheses and in the interpretation of research findings.It conducts a literature review following an abstract conceptual design in an interpretivist research paradigm.Steps are proposed that can be followed when constructing a theoretical framework, using the construct ‘poverty’ as example.Since social science research deals with intricate and multifaceted social phenomena, theoretical frameworks provide researchers with a structured lens through which they can make sense of this complexity, offering a systematic way to organise and analyse data and observations. They also ensure that the study is focussed and aligned with existing knowledge and relevant theories.Transdisciplinary contribution: The significance of inter-, multi- and transdisciplinarity in the construction of theoretical frameworks in social science research are expounded by accentuating the ways in which knowledge domains and methodologies of multiple disciplines create a comprehensive understanding of complex social phenomena.
Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 as a Predictor of Mortality in Elderly with COVID-19
Authors: Rosyid Alfian Nur , Puspitasari Arina Dery , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi , Nugraha Jusak , Amin Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Context:

The age group at the most high risk for mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was the elderly.

Aims:

This study aims to analyze markers that can predict the severity and mortality of elderly COVID-19 patients.

Settings and Design:

This study used a cohort retrospective design. We include adult and elderly COVID-19 patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital from March to August 2021.

Subjects and Methods:

The sample used was 48 COVID-19 patients with positive real-time polymerase chain reaction swab results. We check the complete blood count and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during admission.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using t-test, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square, Pearson, and Kendall Tau correlation.

Results:

Leukocyte level (6.6 ± 2.5) was lowest in the severe–critical elderly group. Neutrophil level (75.3 ± 10.2) was highest in the mild–moderate elderly group. Lymphocyte level (18.8 ± 8.7) was highest in mild–moderate nonelderly group. Platelet level (279.0 ± 117.7) was highest in the mild–moderate elderly group. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio level (9.1 ± 9.4) was highest in the severe–critical nonelderly group, IL-6 level (98.6 ± 144.1) was highest in the severe–critical elderly group, IL-10 level (107.7 ± 47.7) was highest in the severe–critical elderly group and highest IL-6/IL-10 level (1.4 ± 1.7) was found in the mild–moderate elderly group no significant differences in biomarkers identification between the elderly and nonelderly groups. There was a substantial relationship between IL-10 levels and gender, IL-10 level, and hospital discharge condition.

Conclusions:

Female elderly patients and alive elderly patients were correlated with increased levels of IL-10.
Indirect Immunofluorescence-Aided Detection of Antimyelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder/Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Associated Antibody Disorder: A Case Series Involving Five Patients
Authors: Datta Debamita , Mahto Mala , Sinha Upasna , Kumar Sushil
Published: August 2024

Autoantibodies are the cause of the chronic inflammatory diseases known as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Serum antibodies (Abs) that specifically target the aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channel are the cause of recurrent episodes of optic neuritis, myelitis, and/or brain stem disorders. In contrast to AQP-4 Abs, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) Abs are detected in some patients exhibiting nonmotor cognitive impairment. These days, the term “MOG-encephalomyelitis” (MOG-EM) is frequently used to describe these clinical syndromes. The diagnosis of these cases involves the use of magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, antibody detection, and additional laboratory testing. By detecting the patient’s Abs in their serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) aids in the proper diagnosis. We highlight five NMOSD cases where serum anti-MOG antibody positivity was found using IIF, but CSF was not. In none of the cases, anti-AQP Abs were found. Effective patient management strategies include the treatment of acute attacks and long-term immunosuppressive drugs such as rituximab, azathioprine, and immunoglobulins. IIF is a quick and easy tool to detect anti-MOG Abs in patients with NMOSD/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder. CSF testing for MOG or AQP-4 Abs is not usually advised. It does not offer additional benefits to help with MOG-EM or NMOSD diagnosis.
Prevalence and Patterns of Seizure-related Injuries: A Study of People Living with Epilepsy Found in a Community-based Door-to-door Survey in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Anaje Obiora Daniel , Nwani Paul Osemeke , Nwosu Maduaburochukwu Cosmas , Asomugha Lasbrey Azuoma , Anaje Chetanna Chioma , Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe , Ebeogu Olisaeloka Ginikachi , Oriji Sunday Onyemaechi , Ndukwe Chinwe Chioma , Eze Linda Ifunanya , Morah Nnamdi Joseph , Omaga Imelda Chinenye , Ogunniyi Adesola
Published: August 2024

Context:

Epileptic seizures and the unpredictable falls resulting from epileptic seizures predispose the people living with epilepsy (PLWE) to various physical injuries as well as postictal cognitive and behavioral changes.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and patterns of seizure-related physical injuries, postictal cognitive impairments, and behavioral changes.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in a Southeast Nigeria local government area.

Subjects and Methods:

PLWE identified during a two-phase door-to-door survey and their caregivers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0 was used.

Results:

There were 56 cases of active convulsive seizures comprising 33 (58.9%) males and 23 (41.1%) females, with a mean age of 32.9 ± 14.2. The lifetime prevalence of seizure-related physical injuries, postictal behavioral changes, and postictal cognitive impairments was 9.8 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1–10.0), 8.4 per 1000 (95% CI: 7.2–9.2), and 6.3 per 1000 (95% CI: 4.9–7.5), respectively. Skin/soft-tissue injuries and tongue laceration were the most frequent physical injuries found in 66.1% (n = 37/56) and 60.7% (n = 34/56) of cases, respectively. The frequency of soft-tissue injuries was significantly higher (χ2 = 5.038; P = 0.0248) in the females 78.3% (n = 18/23) than the males 48.5% (n = 16/33). About a third of the females 39.1% had burn injuries compared to 18.1% of the males.

Conclusions:

Seizure-related injuries are common and have the tendency to increase the burden of epilepsy and epilepsy-related stigma from deformities and the chronic disfiguring scars resulting from such injuries.
Efficacy of Follicular Cell Pattern Analysis in Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology Evaluation
Authors: Abilash Sasidharannair Chandrakumari , Devi Singaravelu Shree Lakshmi , Pammy Sinha
Published: August 2024

Context:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely utilized for thyroid lesion diagnosis but faces challenges such as sample inadequacy and overlapping cytological features. This study examines how accurately these patterns correlate with histopathological diagnoses, shedding light on FNAC’s limitations and diagnostic potential.

Aims:

To study the application of the architectural pattern of follicular cells in the interpretation of thyroid lesions and to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy (DA) of FNAC.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional study carried over 1 year.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 110 cases were reviewed by the cytopathologists. The prominent follicular cell architecture, namely macrofollicular, microfollicular, papillary, trabecular, three-dimensional clusters, and dispersed cells, was described in each case. In addition to these patterns, cellular morphology and background features were also noted, and a final cytological diagnosis was established. The cytology diagnosis was correlated with the histopathological diagnosis.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, DA of FNAC in diagnosing nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions.

Results:

Macrofollicular pattern was seen in 80.26% of colloid goiter cases. Microfollicular pattern was observed in 72.2% of follicular neoplasm. About 62.5% of papillary thyroid carcinomas showed a papillary pattern. The trabecular pattern was seen in 42.86% of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and 16.67% of follicular neoplasms. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in diagnosing neoplastic lesions was 92.59% and 97.59%, respectively.

Conclusions:

FNAC is a simple, rapid, definite, and cost-effective primary diagnostic tool for thyroid evaluation. Cell architecture pattern is a simple and appropriate approach that complements cell morphology and background details in arriving at the final cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions.
Analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunohistochemical expression in high-grade endometrial carcinomas and its association with variable clinical outcomes
Authors: Faisal Malames M. , Shakweer Marwa M. , Refaat Ghada , Mohammed Khaled S. , ElMallawy Tarek I. , Nasreldin Magda H. , Farid Laila M. , Abouelkhair Mariam B.
Published: August 2024

Background

Endometrial tumor represents the sixth most common tumor in women all over the world. HER2/neu protein overexpression was related to tumor cell proliferation and survival pathways in some malignancies. Uterine carcinomas are comparatively rare tumors that overexpress HER2/neu. Studies of the percentages of endometrial adenocarcinomas that overexpress HER2/neu have ranged from 13 to 50% with almost half of that fraction accompanied by gene amplifications.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective case series study involving 38 cases diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma from January 2014 to December 2018 with full medical records in Ain Shams University Oncology Hospital and in the Early Cancer Detection Unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study includes pathologically proven high-grade endometrial cancers. Immunohistochemical expression for HER2/neu was scored and analyzed.

Results

HER2/neu expression was positive in 36.8% of patients. HER2/neu score was negative in 57.9%, score 1 in 5.3%, score 2 in 18.4%, and score 3 in 18.4% of cases. A statistically significant association was found among HER2/neu expression and lymphovascular invasion (P<0.05), lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), distant metastasis (P<0.02), and a highly significant association with FIGO surgical tumor stage (P<0.003).

Conclusions

Although our results did not reach a significant association among HER2/neu-expressions and total survival, further studies on a larger sample size are recommended to validate its value as a potential predictive marker noted from the positive correlation between its expression and other prognostic factors including lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and FIGO surgical tumor stage.
Ambroxol’s potential as an anti-biofilm against biofilm-forming microorganisms: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Wahyuddin Munifah , Sari Ika P. , Asdie Rizka H. , Nuryastuti Titik
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in modern medicine, necessitating innovative approaches to combat biofilm-related infections. This systematic review explores the potential of ambroxol, a mucolytic agent, as an anti-biofilm agent both in vitro and in vivo. Ambroxol’s diverse applications, including inhibiting biofilm formation, disrupting quorum sensing, and enhancing antibiotic efficacy, are investigated across various microbial species. This research used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method to process the articles obtained. Articles were collected from 2012 to 2022 through various searches such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained. Results indicate that ambroxol’s versatility inhibits biofilm formation, improves antibiotic effectiveness, and disrupts established biofilms. These findings suggest that ambroxol holds promise as a valuable tool in the ongoing battle against biofilm-associated infections, offering new treatment and management strategies.
The complete genome sequences of the two novel probiotics were isolated from the human gut microbiota: Pediococcus acidilactici WNYM01 and Pediococcus acidilactici WNYM02, vitamin B9, and B2-producers
Authors: Elkalla Wagiha S. , Ragab Yasser M. , Ramadan Mohamed A. , Mansour Nahla M.
Published: August 2024

Background

We previously isolated the two strains Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) WNYM01 and P. acidilactici WNYM02 from human gut microbiota as producers of vitamin B2 and B9 and they were identified by a molecular method based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Their probiotic properties were confirmed in vitro and in vivo in rat colitis model.

Objective

This study aimed to sequence the complete genome of these two valuable probiotic strains. It will provide comprehensive data about them for further applications in research and health applications.

Materials and methods

The genomic DNA from P. acidilactici WNYM01 and P. acidilactici WNYM02 were extracted using AxyPrep bacterial genomic DNA miniprep kit. The Illumina NexteraTM tagmentation protocol was used to prepare libraries and then they were sequenced using the MiSeq with an Illumina v3 cassette (Illumina, USA). The genome sequences were constructed from 3.2 million paired-end reads ranging in size from 80 to 250 base pairs. The DNA sequence contigs were aligned using whole-genome alignment within CLC Genomics and annotation was done by RAST tool.

Results and conclusion

The genome sequence of P. acidilactici WNYM01 includes 2,002,062 bases while P. acidilactici WNYM02 includes 1,999,478 bases and they submitted to the NCBI database. The folate and riboflavin genes were detected within the two genomes and the differentiation between them has been recorded. Whole-genome alignments were used to detect functional differences related to their potential use as probiotics. The genomic sequences of these two strains will give extensive data on these interesting strains for future research uses.
Performance of a handheld ultrasound device in detecting retinal detachments
Authors: Nathe Connor , Scoville Nicholas Max , McKay Kenneth Matthew , Rezaei Kasra , Feng Shu
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To assess the accuracy and performance of the Butterfly IQ+ handheld ultrasound (HHUS) in detecting retinal detachments (RDs).

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study of eyes with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) RD imaged using a conventional B-scan ophthalmic ultrasound device Ellex Eye Cubed by Clarion Medical Technologies (Cambridge, ON, CA) and a portable HHUS (Butterfly IQ+). Images were compared between the modalities for qualitative differences. Agreement between the HHUS and standard ultrasonography equipment and with clinical examination was quantified using Cohen’s kappa coefficient.

Results:

Forty eyes of 33 patients were included in the study. Twenty eyes of 18 patients had RDs, and 20 eyes of 18 patients did not. The observed agreement in RD diagnosis between the Butterfly and the Ellex Eye Cubed was 97.5%., and the Cohen’s Kappa was 0.950 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00). The observed agreement in RD diagnosis between the Butterfly IQ+ and diagnosis confirmed by the gold standard of clinical exam was 92.5%, and Cohen’s Kappa was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.69–1.00). The sensitivity and specificity of the Butterfly ultrasound in RD diagnosis were 90% (95% CI: 68.3–98.8%) and 95% (95% CI: 83.2–100), respectively.

Conclusion:

There was a high degree of agreement between the systems for the identification of RD. The Butterfly IQ’s extreme portability and ease of use make it a viable option to screen for RDs in hospital-based consults, emergency departments, or low-resource settings.
Long-term outcome of surgical management in neovascular glaucoma: A retrospective, multicentric study
Authors: Pegu Julie , Garg Prerna , Shakya Rakesh , Dubey Suneeta , Dash Debashish , Ahluwalia Navjot , Pandit Kushal , Kumar Mukesh , Gandhi Monica , Mazumdar Atanu
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate and compare surgical outcomes among neovascular glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy (Trab), glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation, or trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC).

Methods:

This study analyzed the records of 176 neovascular glaucoma cases treated surgically between January 2017 and December 2021 at four Indian centers. Procedures included trabeculectomy with MMC in 80 eyes, GDD implantation in 25 eyes, and TSCPC in 71 eyes. Outcome measures comprised intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, antiglaucoma medication (AGM) usage, complications, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results:

Following surgery, all groups exhibited a significant reduction in IOP. One year postoperatively, complete success rates were 42.9% for the implant group, 54.3% for the Trab group, and 33.3% for the TSCPC group, with corresponding qualified success rates of 57.1%, 36.7%, and 58.9%, respectively. Improvement in postoperative vision was noted, with an increase of 0.24 LogMAR in the Trab group, 0.11 in the GDD group, and a decrease of 0.35 in the TSCPC group. Complications occurred in 27% of Trab and 14% of TSCPC cases, while the GDD group experienced a hypertensive phase in 40% of eyes.

Conclusion:

In managing neovascular glaucoma, trabeculectomy, GDD, and TSCPC provide comparable IOP control, with GDD showing a higher medication dependency. Trabeculectomy yields superior vision outcomes but carries a higher risk of postoperative complications, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment selection and vigilant postoperative care.
Improving safety: Neuraxial blockade guided by thromboelastography for patients with uncertain coagulation profile
Authors: Kumar A , Deshmukh AN , Pandey CK , Chaudhary N
Published: August 2024

Neuraxial blockade procedures are essential for anesthesia and pain management but pose risks in patients with uncertain coagulation profiles. Traditional coagulation tests often fail to predict bleeding risks associated with neuraxial blockade. Thromboelastography (TEG) offers real-time insights into coagulation status, potentially improving safety outcomes. In this case series, six patients underwent neuraxial blockade guided by TEG analysis. An individualized anesthetic plan was formulated based on TEG findings to mitigate bleeding risks while ensuring pain management. Tailoring anesthetic techniques to real-time TEG data improved safety outcomes with minimized bleeding complications and satisfactory pain control. In conclusion, neuraxial blockade guided by TEG enhances safety in patients with uncertain coagulation profiles. Further studies are needed to validate benefits in broader clinical settings.
Acquired Gynatresia following Vaginal Herbs Pessary, A Rare Occurrence: A Case Report
Authors: Muhammad Abubakar S. , Aminu Muhammad B. , Dattijo Lamaran M. , Miko Rukaiya D.
Published: August 2024

Gynatresia is a condition that occurs as a result of stenosis or complete occlusion of the vaginal lumen, it can be congenital or acquired. The congenital gynatresia may occur as a syndrome, while the acquired causes may occur from female genital mutilation, obstructed labor, or use of herbal pessary, etc., It is a cause of dyspareunia or apareunia and this may cause marital disharmony. The rationale behind this case report is to enable women to know the negative consequences of such practices to avoid them. The patient was a 28-year-old married P4+0 A4, whose last childbirth was six months before presentation, she had acquired gynatresia following the insertion of an herbal vaginal pessary. She was assessed, admitted, and operated on. A combined abdomino-vaginal approach was used for adhesiolysis. Acquired gynatresia may occur following vaginal insertion of herbs containing corrosive substances which may cause chemical burns, resulting in healing by fibrosis. Appropriate health education may go a long way in reducing this menace.
A Survey on Comparison Between Blood Loss During Cesarean Section with Use of Calculation Method and Visual Estimation
Authors: Oduola-Owoo Badmus B. , Davies Nosimot O. , Chionuma Joy O. , Wemimo Rasheed Mumini , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Oduola-Owoo Latifat T. , Olusi Adedotun M. , Windapo Oluwakemi Bolanle
Published: August 2024

Context:

Cesarean section (CS) is a life-saving alternative to vaginal delivery in several maternity units globally and is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Its rate has increased globally with wide variability amongst and within various countries.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to compare blood loss with the calculation method and visual estimation during a CS.

Materials and Method:

A randomized, double-blind, two-center study of 130 consenting pregnant women who were scheduled for either elective or emergency Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) at the Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) and the Federal Medical Center, Ebute-Metta (FMCEB), Lagos.

Data Analysis:

Data were imported into Stata version 17 (StataCorp, USA) software for analysis. Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to compare continuous variables such as age and estimated blood loss among the tranexamic and placebo groups.

Result:

The mean age of the participants was 30.8 ± 4.76 years, and about 16% of the participants were nulliparous. There was a statistically significant difference in the calculated estimated blood loss between the intervention and the placebo arm of the study (P value < 0.0001). The mean postoperative blood loss was about 347 ml higher among the placebo group as compared to the intervention (tranexamic acid) group (835.61 ± 400.03 ml vs. 488.12 ± 289.90 ml).

Conclusion:

Prophylactic use of intravenous tranexamic acid as an adjunct to uterotonic at CS is efficacious in the optimal estimation of blood loss and prevention of post-partum hemorrhage.
Drone-Assisted Climate Smart Agriculture (DACSA): The design of the groundwork flow data for drone operations
Authors: Prabowo G. S. , Budiyanta A. S. , Adi A.P. , Wirawan A. , Mardikasari H. , Pranoto F. S. , Wardana T. K. , Kusumoaji D. , Rismayanti I. , Septiyana A. , Aziz A. , Trisasongko B. H.
Published: August 2024

The success of precision farming hinges on effective ground support and workflow. In pursuit of this, we undertook a thorough requirement study of the system necessary for precision farming and developed a precision farming data flow model in ground support. The prototype hardware ground support and conceptual data flow provided valuable guidance in the successful realization of Drone-Assisted Climate Smart Agriculture (DACSA). Using open-source software to accommodate a range of data processing algorithms becomes crucial in operationalizing ground support for precision farming. This study has culminated in a comprehensive prototype model for precision farming operations that can be executed with confidence. The management system of flow data for precision farming has been drawn, this platform is specifically crafted to streamline agriculture operations by transforming diverse inputs into useful spatial data. To maintain the growth of the database, it is necessary to incorporate it in the entire crop cycle. The integration of this database can significantly enhance the precision of predicting plant performance. While this innovative approach is still in progress, it has already demonstrated its potential in supporting informed decision-making. For the next, it is imperative that we prioritize research aimed at creating decision-support algorithms that can effectively gather and blend information pertaining to soil, crops, and weather into actionable maps. These maps must incorporate location-specific data and be utilized by agricultural professionals for on-site decision-making. Moreover, they must be well-suited for drone usage in tasks such as monitoring, mapping, or spraying.
Cybersecurity Awareness Model with Methods: Analytical Hierarchy Process and Structural Equation Model
Authors: Gardenia Yulisa , Gani Alcianno Ghobadi
Published: August 2024

This era of revolution has influenced all sectors of society, including education, where technological advancements are now integral to online teaching and learning. However, not everyone fully understands the potential negative impacts of internet usage. The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyze cybersecurity awareness. The study focused on students at Aerospace Air Marshal Suryadarma University. The research employed a quantitative design, either descriptive (where subjects are typically measured once) or experimental (where subjects are measured multiple times). A descriptive study establishes a relationship between variables, while an experimental study determines causation. To analyze the collected data, SEM AMOS was utilized to measure students' awareness of cybersecurity. The study focused on five key areas: (a) regulation, (b) internet usage, (c) password security, (d) data security, and (e) cyberattacks. Based on the research framework and these focus areas, several indicators were developed for the study. The findings concluded that students are aware of cybersecurity issues.
Snowmobile Drive Mechanisms
Authors:   Snowmobile Technical Committee
Published: August 2024

This SAE Standard is applicable to snowmobiles as defined in SAE J33.
Personnel Protection - Skid Steer Loaders
Authors:   OPTC1, Personnel Protection (General)
Published: August 2024

This SAE Standard is intended to provide personnel protection guidelines for skid steer loaders. This document is intended as a guide towards standard practice, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering its use. This document provides performance criteria for newly manufactured loaders and it is not intended for in-service machines.
Tác động của quản lý nguồn nhân lực có trách nhiệm xã hội đến hiệu quả làm việc của cán bộ, công chức trong khu vực công ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Sơn Đoàn Bảo , Tuyền Lê Huỳnh Kim , Tiên Phạm Thị Cẫm
Published: August 2024

Nghiên cứu này khám phá tác động của quản lý nguồn nhân lực có trách nhiệm xã hội (SRHRM) đến hiệu quả làm việc của công chức (JP) và giải thích các chức năng trung gian của động lực phụng sự công (PSM) và chia sẻ tri thức (KS) trong mối quan hệ này. Phân tích này dựa trên lý thuyết trao đổi xã hội (SET). Sử dụng khảo sát bằng bảng câu hỏi, nghiên cứu này đối chiếu dữ liệu từ 302 người tham gia được chọn thông qua kỹ thuật lấy mẫu thuận tiện. Đối tượng khảo sát bao gồm cán bộ, công chức đang làm việc tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh vào thời điểm nghiên cứu. Các giả thuyết nghiên cứu được kiểm chứng bằng mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Phát hiện của chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng có mối tương quan đáng kể giữa SRHRM và JP, đồng thời PSM và KS đều đóng vai trò trung gian một phần trong mối quan hệ giữa SRHRM và JP. Nghiên cứu cũng nhấn mạnh ảnh hưởng trung gian tuần tự của PSM và KS đối với mối quan hệ SRHRM-JP. Khung nghiên cứu này tạo điều kiện hiểu sâu hơn về tác động trực tiếp và gián tiếp của SRHRM đối với JP trong bối cảnh khu vực công, với ảnh hưởng của PSM và KS. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu này có vài đóng góp về mặt lý thuyết và những hàm ý chính sách cho các nhà quản lý trong các tổ chức công.