bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kink dynamics of the sine-Gordon equation in a model with three identical attracting or repulsive impurities
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ekomasov Evgenii , Kudryavtsev Roman ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Samsonov Kirill ,   University of Tyumen, Nazarov Vladimir ,   Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS, Kabanov Daniil ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: November 2023

Purpose of this work is to use analytical and numerical methods to consider the problem of the structure and dynamics of the kinks in the sine-Gordon model with “impurities” (or spatial inhomogeneity of the periodic potential). Methods. Using the method of collective variables for the case of three identical point impurities located at the same distance from each other, a system of differential equations is obtained. Resulting system of equations makes it possible to describe the dynamics of the kink taking into account the excitation of localized waves on impurities. To analyze the dynamics of the kink in the case of extended impurities, a numerical finite difference method with an explicit integration scheme was applied. Frequency analysis of kink oscillations and localized waves calculated numerically was performed using a discrete Fourier transform. Results. For the kink dynamics, taking into account the excitation of oscillations in modes, a system of equations for the coordinate of the kink center and the amplitudes of waves localized on impurities is obtained and investigated. Significant differences are observed in the dynamics of the kink when interacting with a repulsive and attractive impurity. The dynamics of the kink in a model with three identical extended impurities, taking into account possible resonant effects, was solved numerically. It is established that the found scenarios of kink dynamics for an extended rectangular impurity are qualitatively similar to the scenarios obtained for a point impurity described using a delta function. All possible scenarios of kink dynamics were determined and described taking into account resonant effects. Conclusion. The analysis of the influence of system parameters and initial conditions on possible scenarios of kink dynamics is carried out. Critical and resonant kink velocities are found as functions of the impurity parameters.
Venga le cuento. Relatos de la experiencia de ser estudiante universitario
Authors: Isaza Valencia Laura , Urrego Arango Eliana María , Zapata Posada Johanna Jazmín , Acevedo Serna Ana María , Álvarez Arboleda Lina María , Gómez Vélez Alejandra María , Gutiérrez Salazar Antonia , Bahamonde Olaya Santiago , Gaviria Restrepo Catalina , Correa Palacio Diego Fernando
Published: November 2023

La Universidad es un espacio habitado por personas diversas, con circunstancias de vida particulares que, a veces, no se articulan con las lógicas pedagógicas y curriculares propuestas. Los conflictos entre los diferentes roles que desempeña un estudiante (ser madre/padre, trabajador, deportista de alto rendimiento) o las exigencias de unas condiciones singulares (tener una beca, ser extranjero) se convierten en obstáculos para las trayectorias académicas y afectan la permanencia en el sistema de educación superior. Este libro muestra, a través de cinco relatos, las experiencias de este tipo de estudiantes e invita a reflexionar sobre el lugar de la Universidad en el proceso académico de estos grupos.
Padronização da Técnica RT-qPCR para detecção de Arbovírus em amostras de tecidos parafinados
Authors: De Freitas Maria Clara Valente , De Melo Karla Fabiane Lopes , Franco Edna Cristina , Casseb Samir Mansour Moraes
Published: November 2023

Arbovírus são transmitidos por mosquitos e carrapatos, causando doenças graves em humanos, como dengue, Zika, Chikungunya e febre amarela. Este estudo buscou padronizar a técnica de RT-qPCR para detecção desses vírus em amostras de tecidos parafinados. Foram utilizadas 45 amostras parafinadas, incluindo arbovírus em estudo e amostras de controle negativo, provenientes de diferentes períodos e tecidos, catalogadas pelo Instituto Evandro Chagas. A padronização da técnica de RT-qPCR é essencial para a vigilância epidemiológica de arbovírus na região amazônica e no Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram eficiência na detecção e quantificação do genoma viral dos diferentes arbovírus. A técnica de RT-qPCR se mostrou uma ferramenta importante para o diagnóstico diferencial em amostras de tecidos parafinados. Essa padronização é relevante para o monitoramento e controle efetivo das doenças transmitidas por arbovírus, contribuindo para a saúde pública e a prevenção de surtos. Este estudo ressalta a importância da padronização da técnica de RT-qPCR para detecção de arbovírus em amostras de tecidos parafinados. A região amazônica e o Brasil são áreas propensas a surtos dessas doenças, tornando esses avanços ainda mais significativos. A detecção precoce e precisa dos arbovírus permite a implementação de medidas de controle e prevenção mais eficazes, além de contribuir para a compreensão da epidemiologia dessas doenças.
The impact of reducing subsidies to the University Restaurant on student access at University of Brasilia in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Marília de Faria , De Lima Alisson Assis , Da Silva Fábio Felix Souza , SILVA JÚNIOR Luiz Honorato da
Published: November 2023

This work seeks to identify the impact of reducing subsidies granted by the University of Brasília to pay for undergraduate students' access to the Institution's University Restaurant, seeking to compare results by type of meal, by personal characteristics of restaurant users and by campuses. The Differences-in-Differences method and ordinary least squares linear regression were used to analyze the database with 24,341 students, with information from the period between March and October 2018. The control group was composed of students who had 100 % of subsidized meals and students with a lower subsidy were part of the treatment group. The results of this research provide evidence that there was a negative impact on access to the RU for undergraduate students who are not participants in the Student Assistance Program. The data indicate that consumption in general fell by around six meals per month, compared to the control group, controlled for all variables in the models. It can also be seen that the greatest impact occurred at lunch, followed by dinner and then breakfast. In relation to the Campus, when compared, it is observed that the FUP and FGA treaties have negative impacts compared to the Darcy Ribeiro campus, while the FCE have positive impacts.
Genes and Loci Controlling the Resistance of Strawberry (F. ananassa Duch.) to Pathogens
Authors: Keldibekova M.A. , Knyazev S.D.
Published: November 2023

Strawberry (F. ànanassa) is one of the most popular and widespread berry crops in the world. Strawberry diseases are the main limiting factor that seriously affects the yield of plants and leads to economic losses. Most strawberry cultivars are very sensitive to pathogenic fungi and bacteria, such as Colletotrichum acutatum (anthracnose root), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (crown rot), Fusarium oxysporum fragariae (fusarium wilt), Phytophthora fragariae (red stele root rot), Verticillium dahlia (verticillium wilt), Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) and Xanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot). Currently, due to the rapid development of molecular genetics in general, and in particular knowledge related to the organization of genomes of agricultural crops, the use of DNA technologies in strawberry breeding has become possible. To identify disease resistance loci, the most popular approach was to map the loci of quantitative traits (QTL). Accurate evaluation of heritability and the number, location and effects of loci controlling traits are the basis for strategic decisions in breeding programs. The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date data on known genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control the resistance to the most common strawberry pathogens.
DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTING OF HEAT ENERGY FOR HEATING OF APARTMENT BUILDINGS: TECHNICAL, METHODOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS
Authors: Mykyta Yevhenii , Deshko Valerii
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a critical analysis of technical literature, methodological guidelines and rules, scientific work of Ukrainian and foreign experts on aspects of the organization of distribution accounting of thermal energy for heating in multi-apartment buildings with vertical heating systems is carried out. An important stage of the strategy for improving the building's energy performance is to organize individual control of energy consumption. For the organization of individual consumption control for heat energy in buildings with vertical heating systems, distribution accounting systems for thermal energy are becoming widespread. Within the framework of this study, a number of aspects and shortcomings in technical standards and legal acts regulating the rules for the organization of distributive accounting would be revealed. Three groups of aspects are defined: technical - related to the justification of using the method of distribution of heating costs according to the types of accounting, temperature measurement, rules for the place of installation of devices, and the presence of a significant number of correction coefficients; methodical - rules for organizing and conducting screenings, interpretation and consideration of correction coefficients, significant simplifications in determining important correction coefficients, lack of methodical provision to prevent abuse by consumers with individual heating systems in buildings; behavioral - the ability to monitor one's own savings, motivation for individual regulation, the presence of individual control over heating consumption without proper control of the temperature regime and flows between apartments causes the possibility of uncontrolled parasitic consumption of thermal energy at the expense of neighbors. Formulated aspects and shortcomings of the existing distribution accounting system require in-depth study in order to avoid unreasonable simplifications, improve the accuracy of the system, and increase the fair distribution of payment for consumed thermal energy among consumers.
NON-LINEAR MODEL OF A RECUPERATIVE SHOCK ABSORBER
Authors: Novykov Anton , Slidenko Viktor
Published: November 2023

This article examines the rationale for using a shock absorber with the function of recuperating mechanical energy into electrical energy. Current trends in the transport industry, regarding the need to use autonomous power sources in the transport infrastructure, are considered. This direction is promising due to the replacement of vehicles with internal combustion engines by electric transport, as well as the need for autonomous power supply of individual nodes and aggregates. The need for autonomy emerges acutely in the conditions of the energy crisis, and at the same time, the lack of energy resources. Special attention is paid to energy recovery using the direct and conversepiezoelectric effect. The structure, chemical and physical properties, principle of operation and practical application of piezoceramic transducers, and the possibility of their use as energy harvesters (generators) are considered. The considered scientific and technical problem, which consists in determining the nature of the negative impact of various types of external oscillations on the functioning of structural elements of vehicles, to reduce which various shock absorbers or dampers are used. This work considers the use of a recuperative shock absorber of vibration loads with the use of a piezoelectricenergy harvester as a converter of mechanical energy of vibrations into electrical energy. Piezoceramic inserts are used as an energy collector in the design of an automobile hydraulic shock absorber. An assessment of the efficiency of recuperation and conclusions regarding the feasibility of use and implementation are provided.  The shock absorbers which are installed to absorb vibrations consume a large amount of mechanical energy, converting it into heat which is dissipated into the atmosphere. This energy, without reducing the efficiency of functioning, can be beneficially used by using a piezoelectric generator with piezoelectric ceramics to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
THE METHOD OF OBTAINING IONIZING RADIATION BASED ON THE EFFECT OF BRAKE RADIATION
Authors: Bibik Tymofii , Ostapenko Ivan , Honcharuk Vladislav
Published: November 2023

The main problem of the decommissioning of nuclear installations (NPPs) is the processing or disposal of radioactive waste. The main method is the burial of radioactive waste (RAW) in special refrigerated containers that require constant supervision and maintenance. As a result, we have a large area with RW that needs to be maintained, protected and serviced. An alternative is to recycle waste to reduce its dimensions and possibly reuse it. Taking advantage of the phenomenon of bremsstrahlung, it is possible to obtain radiation with a defined energy spectrum. It is possible to ionize the atoms of a certain isotope, which in turn will make it possible to use the interaction of ionized particles with a magnetic field. The magnetic field will be able to move ionized particles, thereby separating them from non-ionized ones.
SOLUTION OF THE SYSTEM OF STATE EQUATIONS OF AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK WITH AN INSULATION DEFECT OR WITH A SINGLE-PHASE GROUND FAULT
Authors: Grebchenko Mykola , Kyrushok Ivanna
Published: November 2023

A method for solving the system of equations of the state of an electric network with an isolated neutral is proposed, which is created based on the results of measuring the current vectors of the load connection phases and the phase voltages in relation to the ground, which allows to determine the occurrence of insulation defects, including single-phase short circuits to the ground, and also to determine distance to the single-phase ground fault location. In the well-known system of equations of the state of the electrical network, the parameters of the longitudinal resistance of the line phases are additionally taken into account, which consist of the resistance to the shorting point and the resistance beyond the point of shorting the phase to the ground. Due to simplification, the replacement circuit with additional line phase resistances turns into exactly the same circuit as the circuit without taking into account the line phase resistances, due to which the determination of the line resistance to the closing point is performed using a known algorithm. The accuracy of determining the distance to the closing point was evaluated on the mathematical model of the network node. It was established that the main factors affecting accuracy include the ratio of the capacitance values of the line and the network, the distance to the shorting point, as well as the resistance at the shorting point. When using automatic correction, the error in determining the distance to the shorting point with a resistance of 0.1 Ohm does not exceed 0.9% over almost the entire length of the line. Analytical expressions for determining insulation conductivity and the distance to a local insulation defect are proposed. The elements of the algorithm for determining the distance to the location of a local insulation defect and the results of the accuracy assessment of the method for the specific case of a phase-to-ground fault, in which the transient resistance at the fault location is not taken into account, are given. Automatic selection of circuits with low resistance at the point of the circuit is ensured by checking the value of the determined active resistance, as well as checking the voltage of the damaged phase in relation to the ground.
U.S. Sanctions Against China and Russia: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Timofeev I.
Published: November 2023

The U.S. foreign policy relies on the use of economic sanctions in relations with both China (PRC) and Russia (RF). The National Security Strategy of the United States identifies PRC and RF as significant threats to the U.S. However, the view of China concentrates on long-term trends, while Russia is an immediate challenge, especially after the launch of its Special Military Operation in Ukraine on February 2022. This difference must have a reflection on the level of sanctions policy against these two targets. The substance of such differences in terms of sanctions instruments in use as well as the quality and quantity of their implementation is central for this article. Another question is about the ways the U.S. Congress and Administration approach China and Russia in terms of sanctions. Are they really on the same page or do they compete in their approaches to Beijing and Moscow? In terms of methodology, Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) databases represent the major source for comparative analysis. Another source is the U.S. legal acts on sanctions against China and Russia and the practice of their implementation. The analysis reveals major differences in sanctions policy of the U.S. vis-à-vis the two adversaries. Washington implements much wider set of sanctions instruments against Russia in comparison with China. Major Russian companies and sectors of economy are the targets of different kinds of sanctions, while Chinese ones are targeted to a much less extent. The intensity of the use of sanctions is again much greater in the Russian case. Partisan differences in Congress on China are more salient than on Russia, however, disagreements are not critical in both cases. Further aggravation of Sino-American relations may mitigate the differences of sanctions against Russia and China in the future.
Kyrgyzstan in Cenral Asian Geopolitics
Authors: Ionova E.
Published: November 2023

At present, despite the economic weakness and rather high level of domestic political conflict in Kyrgyzstan, its importance as an object of foreign policy of the world’s leading players is growing. Sanctions pressure from the West may slow down the development of trade cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic, but this will not be critical for the development of relations between the two countries because of their diversity. The growing influence of China and Turkey leads to increased competition between the leading partners of Kyrgyzstan, which allows the republic to derive significant benefits. At the same time, pressure from the West is forcing Bishkek to deviate from the “multi-vector” principle, giving priority to the development of relations with China and, within the framework of existing realities, with Russia. To strengthen the geopolitical role of Kyrgyzstan, it is of fundamental importance to delimit its borders with its Central Asian neighbors.
Comparison of visitor motives for food & wine events in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Van Zyl Lara , Hattingh Chris , Swart Kamilla
Published: November 2023

Purpose – his study analyses the motives of visitors to two food and wine events in the Western Cape, South Africa. Its purpose is to enhance the ongoing success, sustainability, and distinctiveness of these culinary events in comparison to alternative leisure and entertainment activities. Methodology/Design/Approach – A spatial systematic approach was used to survey 680 event visitors. Visitors self-completed the structured questionnaires with mostly closed-ended questions. Findings –Preliminary results suggest that visitors to food and wine events come for largely the same reasons. More detailed analyses revealed that food and wine event visitors place more importance on certain factors, suggesting that the visitors will have different leisure behaviours and needs in terms of event product requirements. Originality of the research – The findings help identify visitors to food and wine events in the Western Cape, allowing for targeted marketing and tailored event offerings. This increases the precision and effectiveness of marketing and supports the successful development of future events. The study provides valuable insights into the motivations for attending South African food and wine events, adding to the existing literature, which can also help to ensure the continued success, competitiveness and sustainability of these events in the region.
Examining the freqExamining the Frequency and Factors Contributing to Emergency Department Patients’ Revisits to a General Hospital in Saudi Arabia Uency and Factors Contributing to Emergency Department Patients’ Revisits to a General Hospital in Sau
Authors: Mubarak Aisha
Published: November 2023

Abstract Introduction: An important indicator of a hospital's quality of care is the frequency of visits to the emergency department (ED). If a patient returns to the emergency room (ED) shortly after being evaluated or treated, it is generally assumed that their initial evaluation or treatment was inadequate. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the main reasons for patient revisits to the emergency department in Hail. Studies suggest that researchers usually report the reasons for revisiting patients after 72 hours to patients themself. Therefore, alternative hypotheses will attribute the reasons to the system or physician's skill. To test these hypotheses, a methodology was developed. Method: The study analyzed patients discharged from King Khalid Hospital within 72 hours of discharge, involving all adults, regardless of health status or location Results: In February 2019, 17461 ED visits occurred, with 11% returning within 72 hours. In February 2022, 880 of 8749 visits resulted in a 10% return visit, with 30 randomly selected return visits.Conclusion: Increased community awareness post-COVID-19 may explain differences in ED revisit rates between 2022 and 2019, with system errors and patient information re-entry being associated
The Influence of Codon Optimization on the Immune Response and Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines based on the Dengue Envelope and NS1 Proteins
Authors: Costa Simone Morais , Pacheco Ágatha Rezende , Pinto Paolla Beatriz Almeida , Assis Maysa Leandro , Rasch Pedro , Silva Rafael L.C. , Barradas Márcio Mantuano , Alves Ada Maria de Barcelos
Published: November 2023

Dengue is a pan-tropical arthropod-borne disease, endemic in over 100 countries. The dengue virus comprises four antigenic serotypes (DENV 1-4). The envelope (E) and non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins are highly immunogenic, and the E protein carries epitopes eliciting neutralizing antibodies. In previous studies, mice immunizations with two DNA vaccines encoding the E ectodomain (pE1D2) and NS1 proteins (pcTPANS1) from DENV2 induced high protection. Based on these findings, we constructed new plasmids containing the codon-optimized genes from these proteins for expression in mouse and human cells, named pEotmD2 and pNS1otmD2. Compared to the pE1D2, the pEotmD2 mediated lower expression of the recombinant protein in human and mouse cell lines, while the pNS1otmD2 plasmid was slightly more efficient than the pcTPANS1 in these cells. Immunogenicity and protection were evaluated in BALB/c mice immunized with the original and codon-optimized plasmids followed by challenged with DENV2. In accordance with the in vitro experiments, the antibody response and protection elicited by the pE1otmD2 plasmid was lower than those observed with the pE1D2. In contrast, the pNS1otmD2 vaccine enabled slightly higher levels of the humoral and protective responses than the pcTPANS1. Overall, our study revealed different effects of codon optimization on these two dengue DNA vaccines.
Polydatin against HIV Proteases
Authors: FERRARI IVAN VITO , Ferrari ivan vito
Published: November 2023

Summary— Introduction: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks and destroys one type of white blood cell, in particular, the CD4 lymphocytes, which are responsible for the body's immune response. This weakens the immune system to such an extent that it can no longer fight other viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and tumors. Methods: We investigated the potential biological role of the natural compound Polydatin (or piceid) using SwissDock, a web service to predict the molecular interactions that can occur between a target protein and a small molecule. Discussion: For the first time, we have investigated the role of polydatin against HIV-1 protease and HIV-2 protease through a computational approach by comparing their estimated ΔG values (kcal/mol) and the nature of the interactions between the residues in the catalytic center of the HIV proteases.Conclusion: From these simulations, Polydatin has excellent physical properties and an excellent estimated ΔG value (kcal/mol) of about -9.9 kcal/mol against HIV-2 protease and ΔG value (kcal/mol) of about -9.5 kcal/mol against HIV-1 protease. In addition, Polydatin was able to bind to two key amino acids of the catalytic triad sequence common to asparagine proteases (Asp25 and Gly27)
Relationship between Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles and Weight Growth Indicators of Indonesian Infants Aged 0–4 Months: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sudarma Verawati , Hegar Badriul , Sunardi Diana , Marzuki Nanis Sacharina , Munasir Zakiudin , Asmarinah Asmarinah , Hidayat Adi
Published: November 2023

Studies show Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) influence on infant growth were conflicted. This study aims to determine the relationship between HMO profiles and weight growth indicators of infants ages 0-4 months in Indonesia. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 120 mother-infant pairs aged 0 – 4 months from the hospital and Public Health Center in Jakarta between August 2021 – May 2022. The gene analysis for the Secretor and Lewis status of the mother were performed by using targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Sanger at baseline. The HMO profiles (2'FL, LNFP I, LNT, LNnT, 3'SL, and 6'SL), breast milk calories, and fat were examined at 0, 2, and 4 months. Weight for age z-score, weight for length z-score, infection episode, and mother's body mass index were examined every month. Data were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation test (correlation coefficient), general linear model for repeated measures ANOVA test and Friedman test (mean difference between and within groups, respectively) and logistic regression unadjusted OR (association between dependent and independent variables), with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Infants' weight velocities were higher among high LNT and 3'SL levels in the second month, and in high 2'FL and LNFP I mothers in the fourth month. HMO profile (2’FL, LNFP I, and LNT) of lactating mothers have a positive relationship with weight growth indicators, and innovative interventions to enhance HMO concentration among mothers should be considered as one of the ways to improve infant growth.
Diplomasi Indonesia Sebagai Negara Demokrasi Mayoritas Muslim dalam Merespon Pelanggaran HAM di Myanmar
Authors: Wahyudi Herry , Niko Nikodemus
Published: November 2023

This research aims to analyze Indonesia's diplomacy as a majority Muslim democratic country in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar. The conflict in Myanmar, particularly concerning the treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority, has raised international concerns. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world and a strong democratic tradition, Indonesia plays a crucial role in responding to this situation. The research methodology employed in this study is the analysis of Indonesia's foreign policy towards Myanmar and human rights violations in that country. Data were obtained through document studies, including official government statements, political speeches, and relevant news sources. The research findings indicate that Indonesia has taken several steps in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar. The Indonesian government consistently condemns the acts of violence and human rights abuses occurring in Myanmar, including the treatment of the Rohingya. Indonesia has also utilized international forums, such as the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), to advocate for human rights in Myanmar. However, this research also reveals some challenges faced by Indonesia in conducting diplomacy related to Myanmar. The limited influence of Indonesia over the Myanmar government and disagreements among ASEAN member states pose constraints on Indonesia's efforts to respond to human rights violations in its neighboring country. In conclusion, Indonesia's diplomacy as a majority Muslim democratic country in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar has resulted in several constructive steps. However, the challenges encountered indicate that Indonesia's efforts still need improvement.
Precision or Pitfall? Evaluating the Accuracy of ICD-10 Coding for Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Singh Vivek , Jolissaint Josef E. , Kohler James G. , Goh Megan H. , Chen Antonia F. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Springer Bryan D. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: November 2023

Background:

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) was adopted in the U.S. in 2015. Proponents of the ICD-10-PCS have stated that its granularity allows for a more accurate representation of the types of procedures performed by including laterality, joint designation, and more detailed procedural data. However, other researchers have expressed concern that the increased number of codes adds further complexity that leads to inaccurate and inconsistent coding, rendering registry and research data based on ICD-10-PCS codes invalid and inaccurate. We aimed to determine the accuracy of the ICD-10-PCS for identifying cemented fixation in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all cemented primary THAs performed at 4 geographically diverse, academic medical centers between October 2015 and October 2020. Cemented fixation was identified from the ICD-10-PCS coding for each procedure. The accuracy of an ICD-10-PCS code relative to the surgical record was determined by postoperative radiograph and chart review, and cross-referencing with institution-level coding published by the American Joint Replacement Registry (AJRR) was also performed.

Results:

A total of 552 cemented THA cases were identified within the study period, of which 452 (81.9%) were correctly coded as cemented with the ICD-10-PCS. The proportion of cases that were correctly coded was 187 of 260 (72%) at Institution A, 158 of 185 (85%) at Institution B, 35 of 35 (100%) at Institution C, and 72 of 72 (100%) at Institution D. Of the 480 identified cemented THA cases at 3 of the 4 institutions, 403 (84%) were correctly reported as cemented to the AJRR (Institution A, 185 of 260 cases [71%]; Institution B, 185 of 185 [100%]; and Institution C, 33 of 35 [94%]). Lastly, of these 480 identified cemented THA cases, 317 (66%) were both correctly coded with the ICD-10-PCS and correctly reported as cemented to the AJRR.

Conclusions:

Our findings revealed existing discrepancies within multiple institutional data sets, which may lead to inaccurate reporting by the AJRR and other registries that rely on ICD-10-PCS coding. Caution should be exercised when utilizing ICD-10 procedural data to evaluate specific details from administrative claims databases as these inaccuracies present inherent challenges to data validity and interpretation.
Predictors Associated with Symptoms of Depression & Anxiety during the COVID-19 Among MENA Immigrants in Houston, Texas
Authors: Zamil Jenna , Fatima Bilqees , Yazdanfard Sahar , Atrooz Fatin , Abughosh Susan , Salim Samina
Published: November 2023

Background
Very limited knowledge is available regarding the mental health of the immigrant population in the United States. We aim to assess the factors affecting the mental health of immigrants living in Houston from war-inflicted and stable countries of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) origin during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the MENA immigrants using a validated survey of sociodemographic, general health, and COVID-19 questions. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed sociodemographic and clinical predictors of depression and anxiety. The outcome of interest was categorized as “moderate or severe” versus “minimal or mild” for depression and anxiety.
Results
Total of 94 participants completed the study, with the sample rate of "moderate or severe" symptoms of anxiety and depression being 29.78% and 64.89%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis for depression showed that immigrants from war-inflicted countries of origin were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression compared to immigrants from stable countries (OR = 0.082, 95%CI 0.012–0.551). Individuals with excellent overall health (OR = 0.074, 95%CI = 0.013–0.414) had a significantly lower likelihood of “moderate or severe” depression than those who reported fair/poor health. Nonsmokers (OR = 0.068, 95%CI = 0.012–0.377) were less likely to report “moderate or severe” depression in comparison to those who engage in smoking behavior. Participants who responded to the question that they tried hard to avoid thoughts of COVID-19 were less likely to have symptoms of “moderate or severe” depression compared to participants who responded, “No” (OR = 0.110, 95%CI = 0.017–0.712). Those who have” Excellent/Good knowledge” (OR = 0.0146, 95%CI = 0.022–0.946) about the prevention of COVID-19 spread were less likely to have “moderate or severe” depression compared to those who had “average/poor/terrible.”. Multivariable regression analysis revealed smoking as a significant predictor of anxiety, with non-smokers demonstrating a lower likelihood of experiencing "moderate or severe" anxiety than smokers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.84).
Conclusions
MENA immigrant communities in the US have diverse immigration experiences, cultural backgrounds, and instability issues in their home countries, possibly elevating the risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Predictors identified should be considered by policymakers when developing targeted interventions to ensure the mental and social well-being of immigrant communities in the US.
Wading Through Crises: The Lived Experiences of Social Work Students Through the Covid-19 Pandemic Wading Through Crises: The Lived Experiences of Social Work Students Through the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oni-Eseleh Ohiro , McGuirk Shannon
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of social work students through the Covid-19 pandemic. In the weeks following the detection of Covid-19 in the United States, educational institutions closed down on very short notice and administrators scrambled to develop plans that would ensure as little disruption as possible to faculty teaching and student learning. For social work students, the consequent developments were extensive, affecting learning in the classroom and field. Nineteen social work students at a university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States were interviewed about their lived experiences during the pandemic. The findings revealed that students had significant concerns at the beginning of the pandemic, most of which abated with time because of decisions and adjustments made by university administrators, faculty and students. Field education produced extensive demands on university administrators, students and field agencies to innovate in ways that they had not previously prepared for. Furthermore, an overwhelming number of students developed new perceptions of their own abilities having successfully navigated the challenges and responsibilities of the period.
Effects of Mg Doping on Electrical Performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Cathode Materials
Authors: Syahrial Anne Zulfia , Trouerbach Muhammad Farhan Firdaus
Published: November 2023

The electrical and structural performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811) is analyzed with the doping of magnesium using a solution combustion synthesis (SCS) procedure with precursors LiNO3, Ni(NO)3.6H2O, Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, and Co(NO3)2.6H2O. The doping was done with stoichiometric calculation for the addition of MgCl2.6H2O. The reactants were dissolved in still water and stirred using a hot plate magnetic stirrer at room temperature. After fully dissolved, the solution is heated at 185oC for 2-3 hours for the solution combustion to occur. After the product was obtained, the NMC 811 powder was calcined at 800oC for 4 hours to obtain a fine powder. The synthesized powder morphology was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an obtained surface area of 4.3 μm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was further employed to identify the crystal structure of the powder showing changes in microstructure in the presence of lithium nickel oxide (LNO) as a contaminant. To measure the resistance and determine how it affected the cathode's electrical conductivity, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized. The outcomes demonstrated that adding a certain quantity of magnesium might improve the NMC 811's electrical conductivity. An investigation using cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed multiple oxidation-reduction peaks as a sign of contamination.
Optimization of production and injection wells location in an oil field with faulted oil-rich reservoir zones in southern Iran using GA, PSO, and HGAPSO algorithms
Authors: Nikravesh Hamed , Azin Reza , Ranjbar Ali
Published: November 2023

The problem is to optimize the location of wells and injection sites in such a way as to maximize oil production and also protect oil reservoirs from possible damages. In this study, oil well location optimization and economic evaluation in the water injection process have been done. In this regard, three particle swarm optimization algorithms (PSO), Genetic Optimization Algorithm (GA) and Hybrid Optimization Algorithm (HGAPSO) and Net Present Value (NPV) calculation have been performed. In this simulation, 100 repetitions and 50 particles were used. The results of the simulations show that the PSO algorithm has a better performance than the GA and HGAPSO algorithms and can be used as a strong and effective method to optimize the location of wells and the number of production and water injection wells in the oil injection process. We want to optimize the production well, the PSO algorithm has been 124.12% more profitable than the production in the well location optimization mode in the conventional way. The GA algorithm has been 124.12% more profitable than the production in the conventional well drilling mode The HGAPSO algorithm has 123.45% more profit than the production in the case of optimizing the location of the well by the conventional method. In the case of optimizing the location of 2 injection wells, the simulation results of each of the PSO, GA and HGAPSO algorithms are respectively 118.6%. and 118.58% and 118.51% shows more profit than the production in the case of optimizing the well location in the conventional way. In the studied reservoir, PSO algorithm in the case where the location of 4 production wells is optimized, the production has increased by 18.7% compared to the production in the case of optimizing the location of wells in the conventional way. When the location of two injection wells is optimized with the PSO algorithm, production has increased by 18.8% compared to the time of drilling an injection well using the conventional method.
Factors affecting decisions of an HMO Drug Exemptions Committee on individual patient requests for coverage of non-formulary drugs
Authors: Topol Yael , Weiss Lior , Lomnicky Yossi , Yifrach-Damari Inbal , Markovits Noa , Loebstein Ronen , Gueta Itai
Published: November 2023

Background
In Israel, coverage of health needs is delivered by four health maintenance organizations (HMOs), which are budgeted by the government according to the recommendations of the National Drug Formulary (NDF) Committee. For medications not listed in the NDF, individuals may request to cover the costs by the HMO Exemptions Committee (DEC). The objectives of the current study, a first of its kind, are to document the DEC decision process, to identify its components as formalized in the USA (Eddy criteria) and to determine the decisions' clinical outcome.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all members (≥ age 18) of the Maccabi Healthcare Service (MHS) who submitted a request to the DEC between June 2017 and December 2018. Collected data include patient demographics, clinical information and components of the decision process. Decision success was defined by clinical outcome over a one-year follow-up.
Results
A total of 335 requests were included. Strong evidence and rare disease were positively associated with approvals, while the availability of alternative treatments and costs were negatively associated. In the majority of decisions (75%), clinical outcome was correctly anticipated by the DEC (i.e., a successful decision). Only estimated costs were found to be associated with decision success.
Conclusions
Factors that reduce the potential costs of a requested drug are significantly associated with higher odds for drug approval, but only when the evidence supports potential benefit. Given that no objective measurement could predict decision outcomes, and yet > 70% were found to be correct, it appears that the mixture of committee members may in itself be a determining factor.
Piezo2 contributes to traumatic brain injury by activating the RhoA/ROCK1 pathways
Authors: Xiao Yinggang , Zhang Yang , Yuan Wenjuan , Wang Cunjin , Ge Yali , Huang Tianfeng , Gao Ju
Published: November 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to short-term and long-term physical and cognitive impairments, which have significant impacts on patients, families, and society. Currently, treatment outcomes for this disease are often unsatisfactory, due at least in part to the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TBI are largely unknown. Here, we observed significant upregulation of Piezo2, a key mechanosensitive ion channel protein, in the injured brain tissue of a mouse model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of Piezo2 after TBI attenuated neuronal death, brain edema, brain tissue necrosis, and deficits in neural function and cognitive function. Mechanistically, the increase in Piezo2 expression contributed to TBI-induced neuronal death and subsequent production of TNF-α and IL-1β, likely through activation of the RhoA/ROCK1 pathways in the central nervous system. Our findings suggest that Piezo2 is a key player in and a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
Optimizing the detection of emerging infections using mobility-based spatial sampling
Authors: Zhang Die , Ge Yong , Wang Jianghao , Liu Haiyan , Zhang Wen-Bin , Wu Xilin , Heuvelink Gerard , Wu Chaoyang , Yang Juan , Ruktanonchai Nick , Qader Sarchil , Ruktanonchai Corrine , Cleary Eimear , Yao Yongcheng , Liu Jian , Nnanatu Chibuzor , Wesolowski Amy , Cummings Derek , Tatem Andrew , Lai Shengjie
Published: November 2023

Background
Timely and precise detection of emerging infections is crucial for effective outbreak management and disease control. Human mobility significantly influences infection risks and transmission dynamics, and spatial sampling is a valuable tool for pinpointing potential infections in specific areas. This study explored spatial sampling methods, informed by various mobility patterns, to optimize the allocation of testing resources for detecting emerging infections.
Methods
Mobility patterns, derived from clustering point-of-interest data and travel data, were integrated into four spatial sampling approaches to detect emerging infections at the community level. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mobility-based spatial sampling, we conducted analyses using actual and simulated outbreaks under different scenarios of transmissibility, intervention timing, and population density in cities.
Results
By leveraging inter-community movement data and initial case locations, the proposed case flow intensity (CFI) and case transmission intensity (CTI)-informed sampling approaches could considerably reduce the number of tests required for both actual and simulated outbreaks. Nonetheless, the prompt use of CFI and CTI within communities is imperative for effective detection, particularly for highly contagious infections in densely populated areas.
Conclusions
The mobility-based spatial sampling approach can substantially improve the efficiency of community-level testing for detecting emerging infections. It achieves this by reducing the number of individuals screened while maintaining a high accuracy rate of infection identification. It represents a cost-effective solution to optimize the deployment of testing resources, when necessary, to contain emerging infectious diseases in diverse settings.
Identifying Novel Necroptosis-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs: Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Implications for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Ji , Chen Yuxiang , Bi Junjie , He Lu , Hu Wenjian , Qin Fengfeng
Published: November 2023

Background Necroptosis could be a trigger and amplifier of anti-tumor immunity in cancer therapy. LncRNAsare vital in controlling immune system gene expression. We designed to establish a NRlncRNA signature for evaluation and prognosis prediction in HNSCC, ultimately providing a new perspective for clinical application.
Materials and methods We acquired RNA-seq and clinical data for HNSCC and 67 NRGs. Subsequently, diverse analytical methods were utilized to discern predictive NRlncRNAs, calculate the risk score, and construct a meticulous risk evaluation model. Furthermore, the predictive capability of the risk model was confirmed through survival analysis, ROC curves, PCA, DCA, C-index, and nomograms. We endeavored to discern disparities among distinct cohorts concerning clinical characteristics, the infiltration of immune cells, the sensitivity to pharmaceutical agents, as well as molecules associated with immune response.
Results A risk signature for 12 NRlncRNAs was developed, and the signature had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting survival rates. The established model exhibited a strong association with both survival outcomes and clinical features. Notably, the low-risk group demonstrated a substantially elevated survival probability and displayed a significant positive correlation with diverse immune cell infiltrations. Lastly, we selected different clinical drug regimens based on the different risk groups.
Conclusion A prognostic model of NRlncRNAs has been developed for HNSCC that enables the estimation of the TME and the response to cancer immunotherapy. The model also has the potential to predict the prognosis, which may pave the way for novel clinical applications.