bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-specific Health complaints and self-rated health in pre-adolescents; impact on primary health care use
Authors: Rytter Dorte , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Vestergaard Claus Høstrup , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Bech Bodil Hammer
Published: February 2020

The objective of the present study was to explore past and future primary health care use in preadolescents reporting frequent non-specific health complaints or a low self-rated health compared to that of preadolescents with no frequent health complaints or with good self-rated health. The study was conducted as a cohort study based within the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002). Information on non-specific health complaints and self-rated health was obtained by an 11-year follow-up questionnaire. Information about number of general practitioner (GP) contacts was obtained from the Health Insurance Service Register. A total of 44,877 pre-adolescents gave complete exposure information. Pre-adolescents who reported frequent non-specific health complaints had a higher use of GP compared to pre-adolescents without complaints across the five years following the index date (somatic complaints: IRR = (1.46 [1.38; 1.55], mental complaints: IRR = 1.16 [1.12; 1.19], both complaints: IRR = 1.58 [1.47; 1.69]). The same pattern was found for the association between low self-rated health and number of GP contacts (IRR = 1.41 (1.36; 1.46)). Non-specific health complaints and a poor self-rated health in pre-adolescents was associated with a higher past and future use of GP, indicating a need for development of early interventions with help for symptom management.
MicroRNA sequencing of rat hippocampus and human biofluids identifies acute, chronic, focal and diffuse traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Weisz Harris A. , Kennedy Deborah , Widen Steven , Spratt Heidi , Sell Stacy L. , Bailey Christine , Sheffield-Moore Melinda , DeWitt Douglas S. , Prough Donald S. , Levin Harvey , Robertson Claudia , Hellmich Helen L.
Published: February 2020

High-throughput sequencing technologies could improve diagnosis and classification of TBI subgroups. Because recent studies showed that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as noninvasive markers of TBI, we performed miRNA-seq to study TBI-induced changes in rat hippocampal miRNAs up to one year post-injury. We used miRNA PCR arrays to interrogate differences in serum miRNAs using two rat models of TBI (controlled cortical impact [CCI] and fluid percussion injury [FPI]). The translational potential of our results was evaluated by miRNA-seq analysis of human control and TBI (acute and chronic) serum samples. Bioinformatic analyses were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miRDB, and Qlucore Omics Explorer. Rat miRNA profiles identified TBI across all acute and chronic intervals. Rat CCI and FPI displayed distinct serum miRNA profiles. Human miRNA profiles identified TBI across all acute and chronic time points and, at 24 hours, discriminated between focal and diffuse injuries. In both species, predicted gene targets of differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in neuroplasticity, immune function and neurorestoration. Chronically dysregulated miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-30d-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-204-5p) are linked to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. These data suggest that circulating miRNAs in biofluids can be used as “molecular fingerprints” to identify acute, chronic, focal or diffuse TBI and potentially, presence of neurodegenerative sequelae.
Utilization of chemically treated cashew-nut shell as potential adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Nuithitikul Kamchai , Phromrak Rapeeporn , Saengngoen Wikanda
Published: February 2020

In this study, cashew nut shells (CNS), waste from a cashew nut processing factory, have been used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) ions in water. Treatments of CNS with 1 M of H2SO4, HNO3, and NaOH solutions were performed to modify their surfaces and improve their adsorption capacities. Characterization of untreated and chemical-treated CNS was carried out using nitrogen adsorption isotherm, elemental (CHN) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). In the study of Pb(II) removal, various models of adsorption kinetics and isotherms were evaluated against the experimental data. The results showed that H2SO4-treated CNS exhibited the highest adsorption capacity. The chemical treatment removes impurities, alters the surface functional groups and improves specific surface areas and pore volumes of native CNS significantly. Surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion steps were found to substantially affect the overall adsorption process of Pb(II) on H2SO4-treated CNS. Owing to its easy preparation and comparable adsorption capacity, H2SO4-treated CNS has the potential to be developed as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from contaminated water.
Cathode Properties of Na3FePO4CO3 Prepared by the Mechanical Ball Milling Method for Na-ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Baowei , Sakamoto Ryo , Kitajou Ayuko , Nakamoto Kosuke , Zhao Liwei , Okada Shigeto , Fujita Yuki , Oka Nobuto , Nishida Tetsuaki , Kobayashi Wataru , Okada Masaki , Takahara Toshiya
Published: February 2020

The carbonophosphate Na3FePO4CO3 was synthesized by the mechanical ball milling method for the first time. The composition of the obtained sample with a higher amount of Fe2+ was Na2.66Fe2+0.66Fe3+0.34PO4CO3 as confirmed by Mössbauer analysis, owing to the good airtight properties of this method. The obtained samples in an organic electrolyte delivered an initial discharge capacity of 124 mAh/g at room temperature, and a larger discharge capacity of 159 mAh/g (1.66 Na+/mole) at 60 °C. With 17 m NaClO4 aqueous electrolyte, a discharge capacity of 161 mAh/g (1.69 Na+/mole) was delivered because of the high ionic conductivity of the concentrated aqueous electrolyte. During the charge-discharge process, the formation of Fe4+ after charging up to 4.5 V and the return of Fe2+ after discharging down to 1.5 V were detected by ex-situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis.
A quantum algorithm for evolving open quantum dynamics on quantum computing devices
Authors: Hu Zixuan , Xia Rongxin , Kais Sabre
Published: February 2020

Designing quantum algorithms for simulating quantum systems has seen enormous progress, yet few studies have been done to develop quantum algorithms for open quantum dynamics despite its importance in modeling the system-environment interaction found in most realistic physical models. In this work we propose and demonstrate a general quantum algorithm to evolve open quantum dynamics on quantum computing devices. The Kraus operators governing the time evolution can be converted into unitary matrices with minimal dilation guaranteed by the Sz.-Nagy theorem. This allows the evolution of the initial state through unitary quantum gates, while using significantly less resource than required by the conventional Stinespring dilation. We demonstrate the algorithm on an amplitude damping channel using the IBM Qiskit quantum simulator and the IBM Q 5 Tenerife quantum device. The proposed algorithm does not require particular models of dynamics or decomposition of the quantum channel, and thus can be easily generalized to other open quantum dynamical models.
Splicing profile by capture RNA-seq identifies pathogenic germline variants in tumor suppressor genes
Authors: Landrith Tyler , Li Bing , Cass Ashley A. , Conner Blair R. , LaDuca Holly , McKenna Danielle B. , Maxwell Kara N. , Domchek Susan , Morman Nichole A. , Heinlen Christopher , Wham Deborah , Koptiuch Cathryn , Vagher Jennie , Rivera Ragene , Bunnell Ann , Patel Gayle , Geurts Jennifer L. , Depas Morgan M. , Gaonkar Shraddha , Pirzadeh-Miller Sara , Krukenberg Rebekah , Seidel Meredith , Pilarski Robert , Farmer Meagan , Pyrtel Khateriaa , Milliron Kara , Lee John , Hoodfar Elizabeth , Nathan Deepika , Ganzak Amanda C. , Wu Sitao , Vuong Huy , Xu Dong , Arulmoli Aarani , Parra Melissa , Hoang Lily , Molparia Bhuvan , Fennessy Michele , Fox Susanne , Charpentier Sinead , Burdette Julia , Pesaran Tina , Profato Jessica , Smith Brandon , Haynes Ginger , Dalton Emily , Crandall Joy Rae-Radecki , Baxter Ruth , Lu Hsiao-Mei , Tippin-Davis Brigette , Elliott Aaron , Chao Elizabeth , Karam Rachid
Published: February 2020

Germline variants in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) can result in RNA mis-splicing and predisposition to cancer. However, identification of variants that impact splicing remains a challenge, contributing to a substantial proportion of patients with suspected hereditary cancer syndromes remaining without a molecular diagnosis. To address this, we used capture RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to generate a splicing profile of 18 TSGs (APC, ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NF1, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53) in 345 whole-blood samples from healthy donors. We subsequently demonstrated that this approach can detect mis-splicing by comparing splicing profiles from the control dataset to profiles generated from whole blood of individuals previously identified with pathogenic germline splicing variants in these genes. To assess the utility of our TSG splicing profile to prospectively identify pathogenic splicing variants, we performed concurrent capture DNA and RNA-seq in a cohort of 1000 patients with suspected hereditary cancer syndromes. This approach improved the diagnostic yield in this cohort, resulting in a 9.1% relative increase in the detection of pathogenic variants, demonstrating the utility of performing simultaneous DNA and RNA genetic testing in a clinical context.
Isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone displays potent anticancer activity with in vivo efficacy against aggressive leukemias
Authors: Sun Daniel L. , Poddar Soumya , Pan Roy D. , Rosser Ethan W. , Abt Evan R. , Van Valkenburgh Juno , Le Thuc M. , Lok Vincent , Hernandez Selena P. , Song Janet , Li Joanna , Turlik Aneta , Chen Xiaohong , Cheng Chi-An , Chen Wei , Mona Christine E. , Stuparu Andreea D. , Vergnes Laurent , Reue Karen , Damoiseaux Robert , Zink Jeffrey I. , Czernin Johannes , Donahue Timothy R. , Houk Kendall N. , Jung Michael E. , Radu Caius G.
Published: February 2020

Potent α-N-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HCT) antiproliferatives were synthesized through iterative rounds of methylation and fluorination modifications, with anticancer activities being potentiated by physiological levels of copper.
Aqueous humor metabolite profile of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is distinctive
Authors: Myer Ciara , Abdelrahman Leila , Banerjee Santanu , Khattri Ram B. , Merritt Matthew E. , Junk Anna K. , Lee Richard K. , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K.
Published: February 2020

We identified 298 metabolites in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-glaucomatous controls. Machine learning can classify aqueous humor into the three distinct categories and presents the opportunity for future predictions.
Correction: Long non-coding RNA SNHG17 is an unfavourable prognostic factor and promotes cell proliferation by epigenetically silencing P57 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Zhonghua , Gu Shengying , Song Min , Yan Changsheng , Hui Bingqing , Ji Hao , Wang Jirong , Zhang Jianping , Wang Keming , Zhao Qinghong
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Long non-coding RNA SNHG17 is an unfavourable prognostic factor and promotes cell proliferation by epigenetically silencing P57 in colorectal cancer’ by Zhonghua Ma et al., Mol. BioSyst., 2017, 13, 2350–2361.
Macroscopic two-dimensional monolayer films of gold nanoparticles: fabrication strategies, surface engineering and functional applications
Authors: Song Liping , Huang Youju , Nie Zhihong , Chen Tao
Published: February 2020

The recent progress of 2D monolayer films of gold nanoparticles in constructing approaches, surface engineering strategies and functional applications is summarized.
Length feature of ssDNA adsorption onto graphene oxide with both large unoxidized and oxidized regions
Authors: Lei Xiaoling , Ma Huishu , Fang Haiping
Published: February 2020

DNA/GO functional structures have been widely used in biosensors, biomedicine and materials science.
Effect of oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Chen Zhangjian , Han Shuo , Zheng Pai , Zhou Di , Zhou Shupei , Jia Guang
Published: February 2020

The present study investigated the effect of oral exposure to TiO2 NPs on lipid metabolism by serum lipidomics.
A novel method for highly effective removal and determination of binary cationic dyes in aqueous media using a cotton–graphene oxide composite
Authors: Nayl A. A. , Abd-Elhamid A. I. , Abu-Saied M. A. , El-Shanshory Ahmed A. , Soliman Hesham M. A. , Akl Magda A. , Aly H. F.
Published: February 2020

The presence of dyes in industrial wastewater is a serious problem that hazards the surrounding environment.
The closed-edge structure of graphite and the effect of electrostatic charging
Authors: Posligua Victor , Bustamante Joana , Zambrano Cesar H. , Harris Peter J. F. , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: February 2020

DFT simulations unravel the thermodynamics of folded edges in graphite, and explain why an electric field can open the loops.
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with periodical draining of a liquid-filled catalyst by hydrogenolysis
Authors: Duerksen Alexander , Thiessen Johannes , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas
Published: February 2020

Investigation of a transient Fischer–Tropsch/hydrogenolysis process for productivity enhancement and increasing the selectivity towards the liquid fuel fraction C5–C20.
An ultra-thin, flexible, low-cost and scalable gas diffusion layer composed of carbon nanotubes for high-performance fuel cells
Authors: Wei Jun , Ning Fandi , Bai Chuang , Zhang Ting , Lu Guanbin , Wang Huihui , Li Yali , Shen Yangbin , Fu Xuwei , Li Qingwen , Jin Hehua , Zhou Xiaochun
Published: February 2020

A gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the essential components of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which is the core of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Passivation effect of halogenated benzylammonium as a second spacer cation for improved photovoltaic performance of quasi-2D perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Guozhen , Xu Xiao-Xiao , Xu Shendong , Zhang Liying , Xu Huifen , Zhu Liangzheng , Zhang Xianxi , Zheng Haiying , Pan Xu
Published: February 2020

Improved photovoltaic performance and stability of 2-hydroxyethylamine based quasi-2D perovskite solar cells were achieved by incorporating halogenated second spacer cation.
Polymer interface engineering enabling high-performance perovskite solar cells with improved fill factors of over 82%
Authors: Zhang Quanzeng , Xiong Shaobing , Ali Jazib , Qian Kun , Li Yu , Feng Wei , Hu Hailin , Song Jingnan , Liu Feng
Published: February 2020

The incorporation of P4VP polymer could effectively passivate defects, thus improving both the device performance and stability.
Iron-electrocoagulation as a disinfection byproduct control strategy for drinking water treatment
Authors: Ryan Donald R. , McNamara Patrick J. , Mayer Brooke K.
Published: February 2020

Electrocoagulation has potential as an effective disinfection byproduct precursor removal strategy for decentralized water treatment and small drinking water utilities.
Investigation of the active components and mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma based on a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation
Authors: Lv Xi , Xu Zhiying , Xu Guangyu , Li He , Wang Chunmei , Chen Jianguang , Sun Jinghui
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper was to investigate the active components of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma and the related mechanisms by a network pharmacology approach.
Size-selected and surface-passivated CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence in aqueous media
Authors: Cao Yue , Zhu Wenlei , Li Lingling , Zhang Ziyi , Chen Zixuan , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: February 2020

Size-selected and surface-passivated CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals are constructed for highly efficient self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence in aqueous media.
Blue quantum dot-based electroluminescent light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Fei , Lin Qingli , Shen Huaibin , Tang Aiwei
Published: February 2020

This review about the development of blue QD-LEDs will provide the reference to demonstrate the excellent blue devices.
NH4V3O8·0.5H2O nanobelts with intercalated water molecules as a high performance zinc ion battery cathode
Authors: Jiang Hanmei , Zhang Yifu , Pan Zhenghui , Xu Lei , Zheng Jiqi , Gao Zhanming , Hu Tao , Meng Changgong , Wang John
Published: February 2020

NH4V3O8·0.5H2O nanobelts are synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal process, and exhibit high electrochemical performance in ARZIBs.
DNA circuits driven by conformational changes in DNAzyme recognition arms
Authors: Sun Xinyi , Zheng Xuedong , Zhao Sue , Liu Yuan , Wang Bin
Published: February 2020

DNAzyme recognition arms conformational changes drive DNA nanoscale logic circuits without the need for cleavage.
Electrochemical immunosensor based on AuBP@Pt nanostructure and AuPd-PDA nanozyme for ultrasensitive detection of APOE4
Authors: Liu Yibiao , He Guangli , Liu Huili , Yin Hang , Gao Fengli , Chen Jian , Zhang Shouren , Yang Baocheng
Published: February 2020

An ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on AuBP@Pt nanostructures and AuPd-PDA nanozyme was developed for the detection of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) which was an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Multi-GBq production of the radiotracer [18F]fallypride in a droplet microreactor
Authors: Wang Jia , Chao Philip H. , Slavik Roger , van Dam R. Michael
Published: February 2020

Using a micro-cartridge based radionuclide concentrator enables the production of multiple (10 s) of clinical doses of the PET tracer [18F]fallypride with a droplet micro-reactor platform (8 μL).
Correction: Helical orbitals and circular currents in linear carbon wires
Authors: Garner Marc H. , Jensen Anders , Hyllested Louise O. H. , Solomon Gemma C.
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Helical orbitals and circular currents in linear carbon wires’ by Marc H. Garner et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 4598–4608.
Advanced porous graphene materials: from in-plane pore generation to energy storage applications
Authors: Tao You , Sui Zhu-Yin , Han Bao-Hang
Published: February 2020

This review focuses on the in-plane pore-generating approaches of porous graphene materials and the recent research progress in the energy storage field.
Luminescence turn-on detection by an entanglement-protected MOF operating via a divided receptor–transducer protocol
Authors: Lian Xin , Zhou Yu-Jing , Zhang Hai-Feng , Li Mian , Huang Xiao-Chun
Published: February 2020

A CuI-based MOF with a tetraphenylethene moiety for turn-on detection of ammonia and monitoring of solvent viscosity is implemented via a divided receptor–transducer protocol.
Primal-dual gap estimators for a posteriori error analysis of nonsmooth minimization problems
Authors: Bartels Sören , Milicevic Marijo
Published: February 2020

The primal-dual gap is a natural upper bound for the energy error and, for uniformly convex minimization problems, also for the error in the energy norm. This feature can be used to construct reliable primal-dual gap error estimators for which the constant in the reliability estimate equals one for the energy error and equals the uniform convexity constant for the error in the energy norm. In particular, it defines a reliable upper bound for any functions that are feasible for the primal and the associated dual problem. The abstract a posteriori error estimate based on the primal-dual gap is provided in this article, and the abstract theory is applied to the nonlinear Laplace problem and the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi image denoising problem. The discretization of the primal and dual problems with conforming, low-order finite element spaces is addressed. The primal-dual gap error estimator is used to define an adaptive finite element scheme and numerical experiments are presented, which illustrate the accurate, local mesh refinement in a neighborhood of the singularities, the reliability of the primal-dual gap error estimator and the moderate overestimation of the error.
In Zukunft werden Spinale Metastasen nur noch in Tumorzentren versorgt: Pro
Authors: Vajkoczy Peter
Published: February 2020

In den vergangenen Jahren beobachten wir einen zunehmenden Anstieg in der Inzidenz metastatischer Absiedlungen in die Wirbelsäule. Dies liegt an der zunehmenden Kontrolle der Primärtumoren durch fortgeschrittene operative und effektivere, adjuvante Therapiemaßnahmen. Mit zunehmendem Erfolg und zunehmender Komplexität der Behandlung onkologischer Primärfälle innerhalb von zertifizierten Tumorzentren erfolgt die Behandlung dieser Patienten zunehmend regionalisiert/zentralisiert. Im Falle von sekundären Absiedlungen in die Wirbelsäule/spinaler Metastasierung steht damit das flächendeckende Angebot wirbelsäulenchirurgischer Institutionen und die zentralisierte Behandlung onkologischer Fälle in Tumorzentren in zunehmendem Widerspruch. Hier werden die Argumente für eine Zentralisierung der chirurgischen Versorgung spinaler Metastasen in Zentren der spinalen Maximalversorung mit Anschluss an onkologische Spitzenzentren zusammengefasst.
Operative Versorgung spinaler Metastasen in Häusern der Regelversorgung
Authors: Liljenqvist Ulf
Published: February 2020

Die operative Versorgung spinaler Metastasen, in der Regel in Form einer Instrumentation und Dekompression des Spinalkanals und ggfs. eines Tumordebulkings, sind die mit Abstand häufigsten tumorbedingten Eingriffe in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie. Aufgrund des hohen Patientenaufkommens ist daher eine flächendeckende Versorgung der Patienten erforderlich. Bezüglich der Behandlungsqualität sind zentrumsspezifische und operateursspezifische Eingriffshäufigkeit die entscheidenden Kriterien. Entsprechende Kliniken und Operateure sind sowohl in Häusern der Grund- und Regelversorgung als auch in Häusern der Maximalversorgung zu finden.
Zukunft der Revisionschirurgie bei Implantatlockerung
Authors: Koller Heiko , Stengel Felix
Published: February 2020

Kritische Übersicht und Standpunktkommentar zum Thema Relevanz von Low-Grade Infektionen bei Implantatlockerungen und spinalen Pseudoarthrosen
Zukunft der operativen Therapie degenerativer Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen: Kontra: Die Operationszahl wird zunehmen aufgrund technischer Verbesserungen und Fortschritte
Authors: Siepe Christoph J.
Published: February 2020

Die operative und konservative Behandlung von Rückenbeschwerden stellt eine enorme sozioökonomische Belastung für die Gesellschaft und das Gesundheitssystems dar. Die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre haben eine deutliche Steigerung der operativen Fallzahlen sowie der hiermit verbundenen direkten und indirekten Kosten verzeichnet. Vorhersagen und Prognosen zur zukünftigen Entwicklungen operativer Fallzahlen sind von entsprechender Relevanz.

Das vorliegende Manuskript zeigt auf, wie Verbesserung und Weiterentwicklungen im Bereich operativer Techniken über die zunehmenden Möglichkeiten neue Indikationsspektren eröffnen und zu einer entsprechenden Fallzahlsteigerung führen werden. Die Vereinfachung dieser Techniken wird diese darüber hinaus einem breiteren Anwenderkreis zukommen lassen.

Der interdisziplinäre Fortschritte insbesondere in den Feldern der Anästhesie, Onkologie sowie Innere Medizin werden bei einer alternden Bevölkerungsstruktur zusätzlich Eingriffe von älteren und multimorbiden Patienten ermöglichen.

Politische Entscheidungen mögen diese Entwicklungen zu einem derzeit nicht absehbaren Maß lenken. Der alleinige und ungehemmte technische Fortschritt allerdings wird über die genannten Mechanismen zu einem weiteren Anstieg der Fallzahlen führen.
Penisprothese
Authors: Martinelli Evangelista , Stickdorn Sabrina
Published: February 2020

Laut aktuellen Studien ist jeder 2. Mann zwischen 45 und 70 Jahren von Erektionsstörungen betroffen, wobei die Häufigkeit mit dem Alter zunimmt. 1 Für Betroffene, bei denen sämtliche konservativen Therapiemöglichkeiten versagt haben, bietet es sich an, eine Penisprothese zu implantieren. Unsere Autoren von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover schildern diesen Eingriff.
Vermeidung postoperativer Wundinfektionen
Authors: Rey Frank
Published: February 2020

Was können wir tun und was müssen wir tun, um postoperative Wundinfektionen zu vermeiden? Notwendig sind vor allem sinnvolle Verfahrensanweisungen, an die Bedürfnisse des OP-Personals angepasste Schulungen und gute Arbeitsbedingungen, sagt unser Autor. Denn Hygiene im OP ist idealerweise ein Zusammenspiel vieler Faktoren.
Neues zur Diabetesepidemiologie
Authors: Manuwald Ulf , Kapellen Thomas M. , Kiess Wieland , Rothe Ulrike
Published: February 2020

Der Typ-1-Diabetes ist eine der häufigsten endokrinologischen Erkrankungen im Kindesalter. Die Inzidenz ist seit der Wiedervereinigung stark angestiegen. Sie hat sich verdreifacht. Setzt man relativ konstante genetische Faktoren voraus, so ist die stark steigende Inzidenz des Typ-1-Diabetes eng mit der sich in der Wendezeit erheblich ändernden Lebensbedingung sowie sozialen und Umweltfaktoren verbunden. Das vorhandene flächendeckende prospektive Kinder-Diabetes-Register im Freistaat Sachsen spielte dabei die entscheidende Grundlage für die Bestätigung dieser Hypothese.
Erfolgreiche systemische Lysetherapie bei akuten retinalen Arterienverschlüssen
Authors: Raber Florian Philipp , Reinking Katharina , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen , Althaus Katharina , Kaut Oliver , Witry Max , Lang Gabriele E.
Published: February 2020

Einleitung Retinale arterielle Verschlüsse (RAV) führen bei betroffenen Patienten häufig zu einer dramatischen und irreversiblen Visusreduktion. Bis dato existiert keine evidenzbasierte Standardtherapie. Die systemische Lysetherapie kann nach der Leitlinie zu retinalen arteriellen Verschlüssen der DOG, RG und BVA bis zu einem Zeitfenster von 4 h 30 min angewendet werden.

Methoden Wir berichten über 2 Patienten, bei denen ein RAV im Zeitfenster mit einer intravenösen Lysetherapie behandelt wurde.

Ergebnisse Bei Patient 1 wurde eine systemische Lysetherapie bei einem Verschluss der A. temporalis inferior 4 h 15 min nach Symptombeginn angewendet. Unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Therapie berichtete der Patient von einer deutlichen Symptombesserung. Drei Monate nach der Therapie bestand eine gute retinale Funktion bei dezenter Atrophie der neurosensorischen Netzhaut. Bei Patient 2 kam es 2 h 30 min nach Symptombeginn bei einem Verschluss der A. temporalis inferior zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung des Visus auf Lichtscheinwahrnehmung mit Zeichen eines Zentralarterienverschlusses (ZAV). Eine notfallmäßige Lysetherapie, die 3 h später durchgeführt wurde, ergab eine deutliche Visusbesserung mit Erhalt des Gesichtsfeldes im inferioren Bereich. Bei beiden Patienten kam es unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Lysetherapie zu einer deutlichen Befundbesserung: Patient 1, rechtes Auge: BCVA initial: 0,5; BCVA 3 Tage nach Lysetherapie: 1,0; keine Defekte im Goldmann-Gesichtsfeld. Patient 2, linkes Auge: BCVA initial: 0,4; dann beobachteter Visusabfall auf Lichtscheinwahrnehmung, BCVA 4 Wochen nach Lysetherapie: 0,6.

Schlussfolgerung Zwei Patienten mit akuten arteriellen retinalen Verschlüssen konnten mit einer systemischen Lysetherapie erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Recurrent Blood Pressure Rise after Treatment with Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents
Authors: Wyssmüller Iris , Schaal Karen , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin
Published: February 2020

Background It has previously been shown that the process of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections can lead to a significant increase of blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this blood pressure increase was reproducible with repeated anti-VEGF injections.

Patients and Methods Patients with a systolic blood pressure of ≥ 180 mmHg during previous injections who were scheduled for further injections were asked to participate in this study. Systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure was measured before, during, and after the intravitreal injection process.

Results Thirty-nine patients (21 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 75 years (range 34 – 94 years) were included in this extension of the FEAR study. At first, clinical systolic blood pressure rose from an average of 157.3 ± 5.9 mmHg to 175 ± 6.7 mmHg at the time of the injection process (p < 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure rose from an average of 75.72 ± 4.2 mmHg to 84.44 ± 7.3 mmHg (p < 0.13) at the time of the injection process. Overall, the majority of the participants (56%, N = 22) had a systolic blood pressure of ≥ 180 mmHg.

Conclusions Our results show that the blood pressure increase occurs persistently during the injection process in some patients. Repeated episodes of severe hypertension may predispose patients to cardiovascular events, especially those with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors.
A comprehensive review on emerging artificial neuromorphic devices
Authors: Zhu Jiadi , Zhang Teng , Yang Yuchao , Huang Ru
Published: February 2020

The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic computing has drawn extensive attention due to its promising capability in processing massive data with extremely low power consumption. Here, we offer a comprehensive review on emerging artificial neuromorphic devices and their applications. In light of the inner physical processes, we classify the devices into nine major categories and discuss their respective strengths and weaknesses. We will show that anion/cation migration-based memristive devices, phase change, and spintronic synapses have been quite mature and possess excellent stability as a memory device, yet they still suffer from challenges in weight updating linearity and symmetry. Meanwhile, the recently developed electrolyte-gated synaptic transistors have demonstrated outstanding energy efficiency, linearity, and symmetry, but their stability and scalability still need to be optimized. Other emerging synaptic structures, such as ferroelectric, metal–insulator transition based, photonic, and purely electronic devices also have limitations in some aspects, therefore leading to the need for further developing high-performance synaptic devices. Additional efforts are also demanded to enhance the functionality of artificial neurons while maintaining a relatively low cost in area and power, and it will be of significance to explore the intrinsic neuronal stochasticity in computing and optimize their driving capability, etc. Finally, by looking into the correlations between the operation mechanisms, material systems, device structures, and performance, we provide clues to future material selections, device designs, and integrations for artificial synapses and neurons.
Unique family of halide perovskites displays surprising behaviors under hydrostatic pressures
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: February 2020

Researchers found key changes in the material’s properties as pressures approach its topological phase transition.
Limited-view tomography reconstructs fuel density distribution during fusion reactions
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: February 2020

Using images of the primary neutron signals, researchers were able to determine the deuterium-tritium fuel density distribution during fusion ignition – an important step for optimizing fusion processes.
Laser-less TEM provides time-resolved images of cyclical phenomena
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2020

Installing a beam chopper in a transmission electron microscope is a cheaper way to observe fast periodic phenomena.
High Cell Permeability Does Not Predict Oral Bioavailability for Analogues of Cyclic Heptapeptide Sanguinamide A
Authors: Nielsen Daniel S. , Lohman Rink-Jan , Hoang Huy N. , Fairlie David P. , Hill Timothy A.
Published: February 2020

The cyclic heptapeptide derivative, sanguinamide A, is a model scaffold for studying how component amino acids, heterocycles, and N-methylation influence membrane permeability and oral bioavailability. Membrane permeable sanguinamide A analogues have been reported, but there is limited data on their pharmacokinetic properties invivo. Here we report pharmacokinetic properties for highly cell and membrane permeable sanguinamide A analogues in rats and find that there is no correlation between reported permeability invitro and oral bioavailability invivo. We show that N-methylation of sanguinamide A analogues gives compounds with greater flexibility, greater susceptibility to degradation by rat liver microsomes, and lower oral bioavailability in rats.
Translating hunger training research to primary health: a qualitative study of nurse attitudes towards a novel weight management intervention
Authors: Gale Jennifer T. , Ward Aimee L. , de Bruin Willemijn E. , Taylor Rachael W. , Jospe Michelle R.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONPractice nurses in general practice are ideally placed to deliver weight management treatments. Teaching people to eat according to their appetite, based on measurements of blood glucose (‘hunger training’), is known to lead to weight loss and improved eating behaviour. To effectively translate this research to primary care requires understanding of key stakeholder perspectives.
AIMThe aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of practice nurses on the suitability of using hunger training as a weight management intervention in general practice.
METHODSTen nurses trialled hunger training for 1 week, followed by a semi-structured interview where they were asked about their experience; perceived patient interest; enablers and barriers; and suggested changes to hunger training.
RESULTSAll nurses were positive about hunger training and wanted to use it with their patients. They thought it was a useful method for teaching patients about eating according to their appetite, and the impact of food choices on glucose. Motivation was seen to be both an important potential barrier and enabler for patients. Other anticipated patient enablers included the educational value of hunger training and ease of the programme. Other barriers included lack of time and cost of equipment and appointments. For most nurses, 1 week of following hunger training was sufficient training to deliver the intervention. Suggested refinements included adding nutrition advice to the booklet, incorporating other health goals and enabling social support.
DISCUSSIONThese findings suggest that hunger training could be translated to primary care with minor modifications.
Reconfigurable computing: a promising microchip architecture for artificial intelligence
Authors: Wei Shaojun
Published: February 2020

Today, integrated circuit technology is approaching the physical limit. From performance and energy consumption perspective, reconfigurable computing is regarded as the most promising technology for future computing systems with excellent feature in computing and energy efficiency. From the perspective of computing performance, compared with single thread performance stagnation of general purpose processors (GPPS), reconfigurable computing may customize hardware according to application requirements, so as to achieve higher performance and lower energy consumption. From the perspective of economics, a microchip based on reconfigurable computing technology has post-silicon reconfigurability, which can be applied in different fields, so as to better share the cost of non-recurring engineering (NRE). High computing and energy efficiency together with unique reconfigurability make reconfigurable computing one of the most important technologies of artificial intelligent microchips.
Architecture, challenges and applications of dynamic reconfigurable computing
Authors: Lu Yanan , Liu Leibo , Zhu Jianfeng , Yin Shouyi , Wei Shaojun
Published: February 2020

As a computing paradigm that combines temporal and spatial computations, dynamic reconfigurable computing provides superiorities of flexibility, energy efficiency and area efficiency, attracting interest from both academia and industry. However, dynamic reconfigurable computing is not yet mature because of several unsolved problems. This work introduces the concept, architecture, and compilation techniques of dynamic reconfigurable computing. It also discusses the existing major challenges and points out its potential applications.
Towards high performance low bitwidth training for deep neural networks
Authors: Su Chunyou , Zhou Sheng , Feng Liang , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2020

The high performance of the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) is acquired at the cost of huge consumption of computing resources. Quantization of networks is recently recognized as a promising solution to solve the problem and significantly reduce the resource usage. However, the previous quantization works have mostly focused on the DNN inference, and there were very few works to address on the challenges of DNN training. In this paper, we leverage dynamic fixed-point (DFP) quantization algorithm and stochastic rounding (SR) strategy to develop a fully quantized 8-bit neural networks targeting low bitwidth training. The experiments show that, in comparison to the full-precision networks, the accuracy drop of our quantized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be less than 2%, even when applied to deep models evaluated on ImageNet dataset. Additionally, our 8-bit GNMT translation network can achieve almost identical BLEU to full-precision network. We further implement a prototype on FPGA and the synthesis shows that the low bitwidth training scheme can reduce the resource usage significantly.
Optimizing energy efficiency of CNN-based object detection with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling
Authors: Jiang Weixiong , Yu Heng , Zhang Jiale , Wu Jiaxuan , Luo Shaobo , Ha Yajun
Published: February 2020

On the one hand, accelerating convolution neural networks (CNNs) on FPGAs requires ever increasing high energy efficiency in the edge computing paradigm. On the other hand, unlike normal digital algorithms, CNNs maintain their high robustness even with limited timing errors. By taking advantage of this unique feature, we propose to use dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to further optimize the energy efficiency for CNNs. First, we have developed a DVFS framework on FPGAs. Second, we apply the DVFS to SkyNet, a state-of-the-art neural network targeting on object detection. Third, we analyze the impact of DVFS on CNNs in terms of performance, power, energy efficiency and accuracy. Compared to the state-of-the-art, experimental results show that we have achieved 38% improvement in energy efficiency without any loss in accuracy. Results also show that we can achieve 47% improvement in energy efficiency if we allow 0.11% relaxation in accuracy.
Influence of chemical composition and parameters of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of TRIP steels
Authors: Bublíková Dagmar , Jirková Hana , Jeníček Štěpán , Vrtáček Jiří
Published: February 2020

Good mechanical properties of steels, in which appropriate heat treatment can produce mixed hardening structures, make them candidates for a broad range of applications, namely in the automotive industry. TRIP steels (in which transformation-induced plasticity operates) with a carbon content of approximately 0.2 % are one of such steels. Heat treatment of these steels comprises two stages. The first involve heating to the intercritical region between the A1 and A3. It is followed by cooling to a bainitic transformation temperature and holding. The resulting mixed microstructure consist of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite. Thanks to the presence of ferrite and retained austenite, the ultimate strength and elongation can reach 1500 MPa and 25-40 %, respectively. The experiments presented in this paper were performed on two steels which chemistries were specially adjusted to support formation of TRIP microstructure. The main difference between them was the level of chromium. Intercritical annealing was carried out on both steels. Aspects of interest included mainly the effect of the cooling rate above the bainitic transformation temperature and the holding time on mechanical properties and final microstructure. The heat treatment led to microstructures ferrite, bainite and retained austenite. The strength was under 1100 MPa and elongation reached 28 %.
Small punch testing of Fe-Al based alloys with Ti and Nb additions
Authors: Dymáček Petr , Dobeš Ferdinand , Jarý Milan , Jirásková Yvonna , Pizúrová Naděžda , Friák Martin
Published: February 2020

Three Fe-Al-based alloys, a binary with 22 at. % of Al, a ternary with 22 at. % of Al and 7 at. % of Ti and a quaternary with 22 at. % of Al, 4 at. % of Ti and 4 at. % of Nb prepared by arc melting to small button type ingots were studied by small punch test and small punch creep test in order to obtain the high temperature tensile and creep properties. Evaluation of the results shows a significantly improved strength at high temperatures and creep resistance of the ternary and quaternary alloys compared to the binary alloy. The observation of the punched discs fracture surfaces related to the initial microstructure also helps to better understanding of the deformation and fracture behavior of these alloys at high temperatures.
Optimizing Connecting Rod Design Using Fillet Radius Modifications in ANSYS
Authors: Chandan Swet , Singh Abhishek
Published: February 2020

In this paper we have investigated a connecting rod design of a 2wheeler,. We have first measured the design parameters of the existing connecting rod and established the material used and cause of failure. We found that surface roughness in the big end is the main area for failure. Then a solid model of the same connecting rod was made using solidworks software. ANSYS software was employed to analyze and examine the effect of stress in different parts of the connecting rod. For the analysis we have started with the existing design parameters and then incrementally changed the fillet radius at big end with keeping the small end dimensions constant and then changing the fillet radius of the small end with keeping the fillet radius of the big end intact. Finally optimum parameters were selected for the modified design for the minimum stress conditions.
A New User Identity Based Authentication, Using Security and Distributed for Cloud Computing
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Akbar Abbas Jafri Syed , Nigam NishitArun , Gupta Nakshatra , Gupta Gagan , Singh S K
Published: February 2020

The Cloud based Computing is a trending technology in present IT scenario in which data is stocked in a Scattered or distributed manner & resources are shared among people. The data centers are widely distributed across the globe and are accessed by anyone at any time. Data is fetched, uploaded and manipulated by several users simultaneously hence identification and authentication of users who are fetching the data need to be done mandatorily without any error. In this Research Paper we have presented a new advanced security architecture for user identification which includes two factor authentication, AES based file encryption and decryption of data uploaded on cloud, admin verification and locking of users, fetching IP details of users, distributed database storage i.e. data is stored in tiers which means user login details is stored in one database &encryption/decryption details such as (files uploaded, key) is stored on different database. Whole work deals on enhancing security for cloud computing.
Angular Flame Hybrid Stove with Auto Align Base Frame
Authors: Soni Apurva , Kumar Maduri Praveen , Singh Kushagra , Maurya Rishabh
Published: February 2020

Liquified petroleum gas, a non-renewable source of energy is used on a large scale as a fuel in cooking. Increasing amount of fuel consumption year after year will lead to the depletion of the fuel. In this article, author proposes to combine more than one energy for cooking purposes. Combining electromagnetic induction technique with the conventional liquified petroleum gas burners will remove the dependency on one kind of energy making it available for more time. The proposed smart stove will consume much less space and provide better cooking experience while keeping the non-renewable energy conserved and ensuring the safety of the user.
Multilayer Formation Control in Constrained Space
Authors: Ma Guangfu , Li Dongyu , Li Chuanjiang , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses the multilayer formation control (MLFC) problem for multi-agent systems in constrained space. A layered distributed finite-time estimator (LDFE) is proposed to acquire the target states for agents in each layer. To avoid collisions with borders, obstacles, as well as the other agents in the constrained space, an artificial potential function is designed based on the Dirac delta function. Based on the LDFE and the proposed potential function, the MLFC algorithm is proposed for multiple Euler-Lagrange systems (MELSs). The semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of closed-loop errors is guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory, while the desired formation of each layer can be achieved without collisions occurring in the constrained space. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Renewable Energy Matching to Consumer Entities Based on a Maximum Flow Model
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Park Gyung-Leen
Published: February 2020

This paper designs a renewable energy assignment scheme based on maximum flow modeling for a microgrid containing distributed energy sources and consumption entities. Between the source and the sink node of a directed graph, mainly solar generators and consumption entities are interconnected via weighted links. Weights from the source to generators are decided by the amount of solar power production while weights from consumption entities to the sink by the amount of their energy demands. In addition, weights from generators to consumers correspond to the transmission line capacity connecting two objects, each from both parties. An additional node is defined to present the energy flow contracted with the main grid and its weight can be adjusted according to the additional energy purchase. The performance measurement result obtained from a prototype implementation shows that the renewable energy is stably distributed over multiple consumers until the energy generation reaches the maximum link capacity.
Route Planning and Charging Navigation Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Real-time Traffic Information and Grid Information
Authors: Qiang Xing , Zhong Chen , Ziqi Zhang , Xueliang Huang , Xiaohui Li
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aiming at the characteristics of Electric Vehicles (EVs) combined with transportation and mobile load, and their charging and driving behaviors will interact with the traffic system and power grid system. On the basis of this, a route planning and charging navigation strategy for EVs based on real-time traffic information and grid information was presented in this paper. First, a dynamic traffic network model was established according to the time-varying feature of traffic information. And also, the road resistance model with road segment impedance and intersection node impedance was proposed depending on the attribute of urban roads. Furthermore, based on the establishment of traffic network model, distribution network model and single EV model, a multi-objective optimization function integrated with the road travel time, the charging station load and the quantity of vehicles entering into the station was determined, which was solved to recommend the optimal driving and charging paths by dynamic Dijkstra dynamic search algorithm. At last, the actual road network of a certain zone in Nanjing was selected as an example to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of EV charging load, and evaluated the impact of its charging and driving on traffic network and distribution network. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness and feasibility.