bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Predictors and Mortality Between Bloodstream Infections Caused by ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Scheuerman Oded , Schechner Vered , Carmeli Yehuda , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Belen , Calbo Esther , Almirante Benito , Viale Pier-Luigy , Oliver Antonio , Ruiz-Garbajosa Patricia , Gasch Oriol , Gozalo Monica , Pitout Johann , Akova Murat , Peña Carmen , Molina Jose , Hernández-Torres Alicia , Venditti Mario , Prim Nuria , Origüen Julia , Bou German , Tacconelli Evelina , Tumbarello Maria , Hamprecht Axel , Karaiskos Ilias , de la Calle Cristina , Pérez Federico , Schwaber Mitchell J. , Bermejo Joaquin , Lowman Warren , Hsueh Po-Ren , Navarro-San Francisco Carolina , Bonomo Robert A. , Paterson David L. , Pascual Alvaro , Rodríguez-Baño Jesus ,   the REIPI/ESGBIS/INCREMENT investigators
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

To compare the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and mortality of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) versus ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and to examine the differences in clinical characteristics and outcome between BSIs caused by isolates with CTX-M versus other ESBL genotypes

METHODS

As part of the INCREMENT project, 33 tertiary hospitals in 12 countries retrospectively collected data on adult patients diagnosed with ESBL-EC BSI or ESBL-KP BSI between 2004 and 2013. Risk factors for ESBL-EC versus ESBL-KP BSI and for 30-day mortality were examined by bivariate analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

The study included 909 patients: 687 with ESBL-EC BSI and 222 with ESBL-KP BSI. ESBL genotype by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 286 isolates was available. ESBL-KP BSI was associated with intensive care unit admission, cardiovascular and neurological comorbidities, length of stay to bacteremia >14 days from admission, and a nonurinary source. Overall, 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with ESBL-KP BSI than ESBL-EC BSI (33.7% vs 17.4%; odds ratio, 1.64; P=.016). CTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL subtype identified (218 of 286 polymerase chain reaction-tested isolates, 76%). No differences in clinical characteristics or in mortality between CTX-M and non–CTX-M ESBLs were detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical characteristics and risk of mortality differ significantly between ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP BSI. Therefore, all ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae should not be considered a homogeneous group. No differences in outcomes between genotypes were detected.

CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER

ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01764490.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:660–667
Seed-Dispersal Ability of the Invasive Perennial Vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and Vincetoxicum rossicum
Authors: DiTommaso Antonio , Stokes Courtney A. , Cordeau Stéphane , Milbrath Lindsey R. , Whitlow Thomas H.
Published: April 2018

Black swallowwort [Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench] and pale swallowwort [Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barb.] are perennial vines of European origin that invade natural areas and perennial cropping systems in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Both species reproduce via wind-dispersed seeds in the form of achenes with comas, but little is known about the extent of dispersal of these seeds. We studied the relationship of seed release height (0.75 m, 2 m), wind speed at the time of release, seed mass, and settling rate on distance traveled. Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum seeds traveled up to 72.1 and 79.6 m, respectively. Seeds of both species released from 2 m traveled greater distances than seeds released from 0.75 m, which fell within 20 m of the release point. Release height was the most important factor influencing long-distance dispersal events. Wind speed also strongly interacted with release height for long-distance dispersal of V. nigrum. Vincetoxicum nigrum seed mass was greater and settling rates faster than for V. rossicum. Increasing seed mass generally increased settling rate, which in turn decreased distance traveled, except in V. rossicum, for which longer distance–dispersing seeds had a faster settling rate. Our findings suggest that management efforts focus on reducing the presence of these two vines, especially if there is potential for them to climb up taller vegetation such as trees. Seeds released from these greater heights are more likely to travel far from source populations and initiate new populations. Preventing seed production in small, nonclimbing patches will also help suppress the expansion of these two vines, as seeds can still disperse up to 20 m away from parent plants.
Weighted Vector-Valued Inequalities for a Class of Multilinear Singular Integral Operators
Authors: Hu Guoen , Li Kangwei
Published: April 2018

In this paper, some weighted vector-valued inequalities with multiple weights $A_{\vec P}$ (ℝmn)are established for a class of multilinear singular integral operators. The weighted estimates for the multi(sub)linear maximal operators which control the multilinear singular integral operators are also considered.
The International Politics of Incomplete Sovereignty: How Hostile Neighbors Weaken the State
Authors: Lee Melissa M.
Published: April 2018

Why do some countries fail to govern their territory? Incomplete domestic sovereignty, defined as the absence of effective state authority over territory, has severe consequences in terms of security, order, economic growth, and human well-being. These negative consequences raise the question of why such spaces remain without effective authority. While the international relations literature suggests that state weakness persists because of an absence of war and the comparative politics literature treats political underdevelopment as the consequence of domestic factors that raise the costs of exercising authority, these views are incomplete. I argue that hostile neighbors weaken state authority over territory through a strategy of foreign interference. Foreign interference in domestic sovereignty is a powerful instrument of statecraft that can yield domestic and foreign policy benefits. I investigate the effects of hostile neighboring states through a cross-national, within-country statistical analysis utilizing a novel indicator of state authority, and pair this analysis with a qualitative case study of Malaysian subversion of the Philippines in the 1970s. Together, this evidence shows how this international factor is an underappreciated yet important contributor to weak state authority even after accounting for domestic factors. The study's conclusions challenge our understanding of the effects of international politics on internal political development.
Price Pressure and Overnight Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Gustafson Matthew T.
Published: April 2018

Between 2009 and 2014, 75% of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) were announced and issued overnight, compared to 27% between 2000 and 2008. Overnight issuers obtain a higher SEO offer price because they experience more favorable pre-offer returns. Consistent with these favorable returns being due to the avoidance of pre-issue selling pressure, non-overnight issuers experience a 2.5% pre-issue stock-price decline that reverses within 7 days. This post-issue reversal is increasing in SEO offer size and bigger following large pre-issue price declines. In contrast, returns following overnight offerings are less positive and unrelated to SEO offer size or pre-issue returns.
Long-term evolution of electron distribution function due to nonlinear resonant interaction with whistler mode waves
Authors: Artemyev Anton V. , Neishtadt Anatoly I. , Vasiliev Alexei A. , Mourenas Didier
Published: April 2018

Accurately modelling and forecasting of the dynamics of the Earth’s radiation belts with the available computer resources represents an important challenge that still requires significant advances in the theoretical plasma physics field of wave–particle resonant interaction. Energetic electron acceleration or scattering into the Earth’s atmosphere are essentially controlled by their resonances with electromagnetic whistler mode waves. The quasi-linear diffusion equation describes well this resonant interaction for low intensity waves. During the last decade, however, spacecraft observations in the radiation belts have revealed a large number of whistler mode waves with sufficiently high intensity to interact with electrons in the nonlinear regime. A kinetic equation including such nonlinear wave–particle interactions and describing the long-term evolution of the electron distribution is the focus of the present paper. Using the Hamiltonian theory of resonant phenomena, we describe individual electron resonance with an intense coherent whistler mode wave. The derived characteristics of such a resonance are incorporated into a generalized kinetic equation which includes non-local transport in energy space. This transport is produced by resonant electron trapping and nonlinear acceleration. We describe the methods allowing the construction of nonlinear resonant terms in the kinetic equation and discuss possible applications of this equation.
Halo definition of homogeneous beams through energy distributions
Authors: Nunes R. P. , Simeoni W.
Published: April 2018

This work presents an energy criterion to define the halo of homogeneous and mismatched charged particle beams. In the simulations used in this work, the beam is considered to be azimuthally symmetric, initially cold and is confined by an external constant magnetic field inside a cylindrical conducting pipe. The energy criterion is established through the analysis of the beam energy distributions with time. The obtained results are in reasonable agreement with the past results that considered the beam phase-space topology, for many values of the beam initial envelope mismatch.
Descriptions of two new cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Panama, and coincident infection with Rickettsia rickettsii in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. in an urban locality of Panama City, Panama
Authors: Martínez-Caballero A. , Moreno B. , González C. , Martínez G. , Adames M. , Pachar J. V. , Varela-Petrucelli J. B. , Martínez-Mandiche J. , Suárez J. A. , Domínguez L. , Zaldívar Y. , Bermúdez S.
Published: April 2018

The clinical and pathologic characterisation of two fatal cases of tick-borne rickettsiosis in rural (El Valle) and urban (City of Panama) Panama are described. Clinical and autopsy findings were non-specific, but the molecular analysis was used to identify Rickettsia rickettsii in both cases. No ticks were collected in El Valle, while in the urban case, R. rickettsii was detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., representing the first molecular finding in this tick in Panama and Central America.
On the Origin of Extended Resolution in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with a Worn Tip Apex
Authors: Luchkin Sergey Y. , Stevenson Keith J.
Published: April 2018

In this work we analyzed the effect of the atomic force microscopy probe tip apex shape on Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) potential sensitivity and spatial resolution. It was found that modification of the apex shape from spherical to planar upon thinning of the conductive coating leads to enhanced apex contribution to the total electrostatic force between the probe and the sample. The effect results in extended potential sensitivity and spatial resolution of KPFM. Experimental results were supported by calculations.
Electroacoustic Music At CLAEM: A Pioneer Studio in Latin America
Authors: HERRERA EDUARDO
Published: April 2018

During the 1950s and ’60s, many composers began exploring the possibilities provided by commercially available magnetic tape recording and electronically produced sound. In Latin America, the most successful early electroacoustic studio was hosted at the Centro Latinoamericano de Altos Estudios Musicales (CLAEM), part of the Torcuato Di Tella Institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This article chronicles the eight years of existence of CLAEM's Laboratorio de música electrónica (1964–1971), and its role in the training of composers hailing from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and the United States. This historical account of pioneering Latin American electroacoustic music provides insight into the aesthetic and technical developments that earned the laboratory at CLAEM a place in the regional and transnational world of contemporary music making and demonstrates the crucial role of locality in the adoption, consumption, and rearticulation of international musical models.
Reporting on Suicide Between 1819 and 1944
Authors: Arendt Florian
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Background: Suicide rates increased substantially in many countries during the 19th century. Little is known about news coverage on suicide in this period and its relationship to suicide rates. Aims: To test whether there was a covariation between the quantity of reporting and suicide rates and whether the press relied on sensational reporting. Method: A content analysis of Austrian news coverage between 1819 and 1944 was conducted and compared with contemporary findings. Results: There were similar corresponding troughs and peaks in both time series, indicative of covariation. The analysis revealed that variations in the quantity of reporting predicted the following year's suicide rates, a pattern consistent with a long-term Werther effect. Conversely, suicide rates did not predict future values of the quantity of reporting. Furthermore, the press substantially overrepresented "vivid" firearm suicides compared with other more "pallid" methods such as drowning, indicative of sensational reporting. Limitations: The causal order of the quantity of reporting and suicide rates should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: The press may have contributed to the establishment of suicide as a mass phenomenon in the 19th century. The contemporary comparison is indicative of temporal stability.
Suicide Rates in Evacuation Areas After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster
Authors: Orui Masatsugu , Suzuki Yuriko , Maeda Masaharu , Yasumura Seiji
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Background: Associations between nuclear disasters and suicide have been examined to a limited extent. Aim: To clarify the suicide rates in evacuation areas after the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study used monthly data from vital statistics between March 2009 and December 2015. Suicide rates in areas to which evacuation orders had been issued, requiring across-the-board, compulsory evacuation of residents from the entire or part of municipalities, were obtained and compared with the national average. Results: Male suicide rates in evacuation areas increased significantly immediately after the disaster, and then began to increase again 4 years after the disaster. Female suicide rates declined slightly during the first year and then increased significantly over the subsequent 3-year period. Moreover, male rates in areas where evacuation orders were issued for the total area declined over the course of approximately 2 years, but then began to increase thereafter. Analysis by age revealed postdisaster male rates in evacuation areas decreased for those aged 50–69 years and increased for those aged ≤ 29 years and ≥ 70 years. Limitations: The number of suicides among females and the female population in the evacuation area was small. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the need to keep in mind that, when providing post-disaster mental health services, suicide rates can eventually increase even if they initially decrease.
The Perspective of Older Men With Depression on Suicide and Its Prevention in Primary Care
Authors: Vannoy Steven , Park Mijung , Maroney Meredith R. , Unützer Jürgen , Apesoa-Varano Ester Carolina , Hinton Ladson
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Background: Suicide rates in older men are higher than in the general population, yet their utilization of mental health services is lower. Aims: This study aimed to describe: (a) what primary care providers (PCPs) can do to prevent late-life suicide, and (b) older men's attitudes toward discussing suicide with a PCP. Method: Thematic analysis of interviews focused on depression and suicide with 77 depressed, low-socioeconomic status, older men of Mexican origin, or US-born non-Hispanic whites recruited from primary care. Results: Several themes inhibiting suicide emerged: it is a problematic solution, due to religious prohibition, conflicts with self-image, the impact on others; and, lack of means/capacity. Three approaches to preventing suicide emerged: talking with them about depression, talking about the impact of their suicide on others, and encouraging them to be active. The vast majority, 98%, were open to such conversations. An unexpected theme spontaneously arose: "What prevents men from acting on suicidal thoughts?" Conclusion: Suicide is rarely discussed in primary care encounters in the context of depression treatment. Our study suggests that older men are likely to be open to discussing suicide with their PCP. We have identified several pragmatic approaches to assist clinicians in reducing older men's distress and preventing suicide.
Dust Does Not Control Surface Ocean Productivity
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: April 2018

The first continuous comparisons between daily atmospheric dust and ocean productivity measurements indicate that they are not correlated in the Gulf of Aqaba’s nutrient-limited ecosystem.
How to Build a Better Light Trap
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: April 2018

Nanosized chambers capture bits of light for infinite amounts of time.
An Aurora of a Different Color
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: April 2018

Meet STEVE, a purple and green, low-latitude, aurora-like phenomenon whose inner workings were uncovered with the help of citizen scientists.
Theory for controlling individual self-propelled micro-swimmers by photon nudging II: confinement
Authors: Selmke Markus , Khadka Utsab , Bregulla Andreas P. , Cichos Frank , Yang Haw
Published: April 2018

Photon nudging allows the manipulation and confinement of individual self-propelled micro-swimmers in 2D and 3D environments using feedback controls.
Recent advances in radical-based C–N bond formation via photo-/electrochemistry
Authors: Zhao Yating , Xia Wujiong
Published: April 2018

This review highlights the recent advances in cross-dehydrogenative amination for C–N bond construction from C–H/N–H cross-coupling partners through photocatalytic and/or electronic techniques.
High-throughput microrespirometric characterization of activated sludge inhibition by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Gabriel R. , Zepeda Alejandro , Ordaz Alberto , Sánchez-Catzin Luis A. , Estrada-Díaz Zaira D. , Thalasso Frederic
Published: April 2018

This study present for first time the application of microrespirometric method to evaluate the effect of nanomaterial on biological process.
A dual-targeting AS1411-folic acid fluorescent nanocomposite for cancer cell and drug delivery
Authors: Ai Jun , Ga Lu , Wang Yong
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we report a novel approach for AS1411 G-quadruplex and folic acid-templated dual-targeting fluorescent Au nanocomposite with DOX and its application to bioimaging.
A tip–gap mesh-like bilayer SERS substrate for highly sensitive detection
Authors: Lv Liang , Li Junrong , Fang Wei , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming
Published: April 2018

Tips and gaps of noble metal nanostructure meshing with each other would make SERS hot-spots grow exponentially.
Green synthesis and characterization of crystalline zinc phthalocyanine and cobalt phthalocyanine prisms by a simple solvothermal route
Authors: Li Dapeng , Ge Suxiang , Yuan Tianci , Gong Jingjing , Huang Baojun , Tie Weiwei , He Weiwei
Published: April 2018

Solvothermal growth of ZnPc and CoPc crystals in one step.
On the molecular origin of the cooperative coil-to-globule transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in water
Authors: Tavagnacco L. , Zaccarelli E. , Chiessi E.
Published: April 2018

The cooperativity of PNIPAM coil-to-globule transition in water arises from the structuring of solvent in proximity to hydrophobic groups.
Phase diagram and oxygen–vacancy ordering in the CeO2–Gd2O3 system: a theoretical study
Authors: Žguns Pjotrs A. , Ruban Andrei V. , Skorodumova Natalia V.
Published: April 2018

The CeO2–Gd2O3 phase diagram.
Thermal conductivity of ice polymorphs: a computational study
Authors: Iriarte-Carretero Irene , Gonzalez Miguel A. , Bresme Fernando
Published: April 2018

Testing the accuracy of state of the art water models in predicting the thermal conductivity of ice polymorphs.
Supported ammonia borane decomposition through enhanced homopolar B–B coupling
Authors: Roy Binayak , Hajari Animesh , Manna Joydev , Sharma Pratibha
Published: April 2018

The thermolytic decomposition of ammonia borane (AB) is known to proceed through the polymeric coupling reaction between –BH3 and –NH3 sites of multiple ammonia borane molecules, which results in the release of hydrogen and other by-products, e.g., ammonia, diborane and borazine.
Impacts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on transformation of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments
Authors: Zhang Yinqing , Qiang Liwen , Yuan Yuting , Wu Wei , Sun Binbin , Zhu Lingyan
Published: April 2018

Under sunlight irradiation, titanium dioxide nanoparticles could promote the oxidative dissolution of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environments.
Anti-icing agent releasing diatomaceous earth/SBS composites
Authors: Ijaz A. , Miko A. , Demirel A. L.
Published: April 2018

Anti-icing agent release from diatomaceous earth/SBS composites increases the freezing time of water droplets on the surface.
A 2′,2′-disulfide-bridged dinucleotide conformationally locks RNA hairpins
Authors: Gauthier Florian , Beltran Frédéric , Biscans Annabelle , Debart Françoise , Dupouy Christelle , Vasseur Jean-Jacques
Published: April 2018

We report the effect of a 2′,2′-disulfide bridge in the loop of the RNA hairpins and its application as a molecular beacon.
A reassembled nanoporous gold leaf electrocatalyst for efficient CO2reduction towards CO
Authors: Wen Xiaosong , Chang Lin , Gao Yan , Han Jianyu , Bai Zhiming , Huan Yahuan , Li Minghua , Tang Zhiyong , Yan Xiaoqin
Published: April 2018

The free-standing nanoporous gold leaf has an excellent FE of 90% towards CO and a high mass activity of 20.51 A/g.
The Bethe–Salpeter formalism with polarisable continuum embedding: reconciling linear-response and state-specific features
Authors: Duchemin Ivan , Guido Ciro A. , Jacquemin Denis , Blase Xavier
Published: April 2018

The Bethe–Salpeter formalism combined with polarizable models of the environment reconciles linear-response and state-specific contributions to solvatochromic shifts.
Diastereoisomers of l-proline-linked trityl-nitroxide biradicals: synthesis and effect of chiral configurations on exchange interactions
Authors: Zhai Weixiang , Feng Yalan , Liu Huiqiang , Rockenbauer Antal , Mance Deni , Li Shaoyong , Song Yuguang , Baldus Marc , Liu Yangping
Published: April 2018

The chiral configuration of the two radical parts is a crucial factor controlling the exchange interactions and DNP properties of trityl-nitroxide biradicals.
Near-infrared spectroscopic observations of high redshift C I absorbers
Authors: Zou S. , Petitjean P. , Noterdaeme P. , Ledoux C. , Krogager J.-K. , Fathivavsari H. , Srianand R. , López S.
Published: April 2018

We study a sample of 17 z > 1.5 absorbers selected based on the presence of strong C I absorption lines in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra and observed with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope (ESO-VLT) spectrograph X-shooter. We derive metallicities, depletion onto dust, and extinction by dust, and analyse the absorption from Mg II, Mg I, Ca II, and Na I that are redshifted into the near infrared wavelength range. We show that most of these C I absorbers have high metallicity and dust content. We detect nine Ca II absorptions with W(Ca IIλ3934) > 0.23 Å out of 14 systems where we have appropriate wavelength coverage. The observed equivalent widths are similar to what has been measured in other lower redshift surveys of Ca II systems. We detect ten Na I absorptions in the 11 systems where we could observe this absorption. The median equivalent width (W(Na Iλ5891) = 0.68 Å) is larger than what is observed in local clouds with similar H I column densities but also in z < 0.7 Ca II systems detected in the SDSS. The systematic presence of Na I absorption in these C I systems strongly suggests that the gas is neutral and cold, maybe part of the diffuse molecular gas in the interstellar medium of high-redshift galaxies. Most of the systems (12 out of 17) have W(Mg IIλ2796) > 2.5 Å and six of them have log N(H I) < 20.3, with the extreme case of J1341+1852 that has log N(H I) = 18.18. The Mg II absorptions are spread over more than Δυ ~ 400 km s−1 for half of the systems; three absorbers have Δυ > 500 km s−1. The kinematics are strongly perturbed for most of these systems, which indicates that these systems probably do not arise in quiet disks and must be close to regions with intense star-formation activity and/or are part of interacting objects. All this suggests that a large fraction of the cold gas at high redshift arises in disturbed environments.
Coronal energy release by MHD avalanches: continuous driving
Authors: Reid J. , Hood A. W. , Parnell C. E. , Browning P. K. , Cargill P. J.
Published: April 2018

Previous work has confirmed the concept of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) avalanche in pre-stressed threads within a coronal loop. We undertook a series of full, three-dimensional MHD simulations in order to create three threads by twisting the magnetic field through boundary motions until an instability ensues. We find that, following the original instability, one unstable thread can disrupt its neighbours with continued driving. A “bursty” heating profile results, with a series of ongoing energy releases, but no evident steady state. For the first time using full MHD, we show that avalanches are a viable mechanism for the storing and release of magnetic energy in the solar corona, as a result of photospheric motions.
Evolution of the magnetic field of Betelgeuse from 2009–2017
Authors: Mathias P. , Aurière M. , López Ariste A. , Petit P. , Tessore B. , Josselin E. , Lèbre A. , Morin J. , Wade G. , Herpin F. , Chiavassa A. , Montargès M. , Konstantinova-Antova R. , Kervella P. , Perrin G. , Donati J.-F. , Grunhut J.
Published: April 2018

Context. Betelgeuse is an M-type supergiant that presents a circularly polarized (Stokes V) signal in its line profiles, interpreted in terms of a surface magnetic field.

Aims. The weak circular polarization signal has been monitored over 7.5 years in order to follow its evolution on different timescales, and eventually to determine its physical origin. Linear polarization measurements have also been obtained regularly in the last few years.

Methods. We used both the ESPaDOnS and Narval spectropolarimeters to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio spectra, which were processed by means of the least-squares deconvolution method. In order to ensure the reality of the very weak circular polarization, special care has been taken to limit instrumental effects. In addition, several tests were performed on the Stokes V signal to establish its stellar and Zeeman origin.

Results. We confirm the magnetic nature of the circular polarization, pointing to a surface magnetic field of the order of 1 G. The Stokes V profiles present variations over different timescales, the most prominent one being close to the long secondary period (LSP; around 2000 d for Betelgeuse) often invoked in red evolved stars. This long period is also dominant for all the other Stokes parameters. The circular polarization is tentatively modeled by means of magnetic field concentrations mimicking spots, showing in particular that the velocity associated with each “spot” also follows the long timescale, and that this signal is nearly always slightly redshifted.

Conclusions. From the coupled variations of both linear and circular polarization signatures in amplitude, velocity and timescale, we favour giant convection cells as the main engine at the origin of polarization signatures and variations in all the Stokes parameters. This strengthens support for the hypothesis that large convective cells are at the origin of the LSP.
The Leo-I group: new dwarf galaxy and ultra diffuse galaxy candidates
Authors: Müller Oliver , Jerjen Helmut , Binggeli Bruno
Published: April 2018

Context. The study of dwarf galaxies and their environments provides crucial test beds for predictions of cosmological models and insights into the structure formation on small cosmological scales. In recent years, many problems on the scale of groups of galaxies has challenged the current standard model of cosmology.

Aims. Our aim is to increase the sample of known galaxies in the Leo-I group, which contains the M 96 subgroup and the Leo Triplet. This galaxy aggregate is located at the edge of the Local Volume at a mean distance of 10.7 Mpc.

Methods. We employed image enhancing techniques to search for low surface brightness objects in publicly available gr images taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey within 500 square degrees around the Leo-I group. Once detected, we performed surface photometry and compared their structural parameters to other known dwarf galaxies in the nearby universe.

Results. We found 36 new dwarf galaxy candidates within the search area. Their morphology and structural parameters resemble known dwarfs in other groups. Among the candidates five or six galaxies are considered as ultra diffuse galaxy candidates. If confirmed, they would be some of the closest examples of this galaxy type. We assessed the luminosity function of the Leo-I group and find it to be considerably rich in dwarf galaxies, with twice the number of galaxies as the Local Group at a limiting magnitude of MV = −10 and a steeper faint-end slope.
Asplanchna-kairomone induces life history shifts in Brachionus angularis (Rotifera)
Authors: Pan Ling , Xi Yi-Long , Gu Jing , Jiang Shan , Zhu Han , Zhang Bing-Xing
Published: April 2018

Predator-derived kairomones play an important role in ecological and evolutionary processes that enable the prey to survive predation pressure. In the presence of predatory Asplanchna, some Brachionus and Keratella species develop morphological and behavioral defenses, but whether rapid population growth and diapause are inducible defenses largely remains unknown. In the present study, parental B. angularis females cultured at 1.0 × 106 and 2.0 × 106 cells · mL−1 of Scenedesmus obliquus were indirectly exposed to 0, 40, 80 and 160 ind. L−1 of A. brightwelli using mesh enclosure, and their life-table demographic parameters, population growth rates and morphological characters were calculated and measured. The results showed that Asplanchna-released kairomone decreased significantly average lifespan, life expectancy at hatching, generation time and net reproduction rate, but increased the proportion of sexual offspring of parental B. angularis females. The threshold Asplanchna density required for significant effects varied with food level. Kairomone released by Asplanchna at 80 ind. L−1 increased significantly the intrinsic rate of population increase of B. angularis cultured at 2.0 × 106 cells · mL−1 of S. obliquus, which would offset the mortality of exposed females from predation. The accumulation of kairomone in aquatic environments enhanced the indirect effect of Asplanchna on the population growth of B. angularis. The present results indicated that rapid population growth of B. angularis induced by Asplanchna kairomone might facilitate the coexistence of preys with predators, and higher proportion of sexual offspring and then resting egg production might help the preys avoid the predator in time instead of facing the enemy through defenses.
Tensor-based multiscale method for diffusion problems in quasi-periodic heterogeneous media
Authors: Ayoul-Guilmard Quentin , Nouy Anthony , Binetruy Christophe
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes to address the issue of complexity reduction for the numerical simulation of multiscale media in a quasi-periodic setting. We consider a stationary elliptic diffusion equation defined on a domain D such that D̅ is the union of cells {D̅i}i∈I and we introduce a two-scale representation by identifying any function v(x) defined on D with a bi-variate function v(i,y), where i ∈ I relates to the index of the cell containing the point x and y ∈ Y relates to a local coordinate in a reference cell Y. We introduce a weak formulation of the problem in a broken Sobolev space V(D) using a discontinuous Galerkin framework. The problem is then interpreted as a tensor-structured equation by identifying V(D) with a tensor product space ℝI⊗ V(Y) of functions defined over the product set I × Y. Tensor numerical methods are then used in order to exploit approximability properties of quasi-periodic solutions by low-rank tensors.
Error estimates for the numerical approximation of a distributed optimal control problem governed by the von Kármán equations
Authors: Mallik Gouranga , Nataraj Neela , Raymond Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we discuss the numerical approximation of a distributed optimal control problem governed by the von Kármán equations, defined in polygonal domains with point-wise control constraints. Conforming finite elements are employed to discretize the state and adjoint variables. The control is discretized using piece-wise constant approximations.A priorierror estimates are derived for the state, adjoint and control variables. Numerical results that justify the theoretical results are presented.
Spezifisch belastungsbezogene psychische Störungen im neuen ICD-11: Ein Überblick
Authors: Augsburger Mareike , Maercker Andreas
Published: April 2018

Mit der Veröffentlichung des neuen ICD-11 gehen wichtige Änderungen in der Klassifizierung belastungsbezogener psychischer Störungen einher. Unter dem
Zielkonzept „klinische Nützlichkeit“ entwickelt, können in der neuen Version erstmals unterschiedliche Störungsbilder kodiert werden, die als Reaktion auf das
Erleben verschiedener Arten von Stressoren entstehen. Die Störungsbilder reichen von der Reaktion auf psychosoziale Belastungen (Anpassungsstörung), über eine
behandlungsbedürftige Trauerreaktion (Anhaltende Trauerstörung), bis hin zu den Folgen des Überlebens potenzieller traumatischer Ereignisse mit dem klassischen
Bild (Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung) bzw. mit einem komplexeren klinischen Bild (Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung). Dieser Artikel gibt einen
Überblick über die wesentlichen Veränderungen in den Kriterien im Wechsel von ICD-10 auf ICD-11. Außerdem werden, wenn vorhanden, aktuelle Prävalenzraten
berichtet und Empfehlungen für diagnostische Verfahren gegeben. Ebenso erfolgt eine Betrachtung der anhaltenden wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen im Hinblick auf
die neuen Diagnosen.
Cushing’s Syndrome: A Historic Review of the Treatment Strategies and Corresponding Outcomes in a Single Tertiary Center over the Past Half-Century
Authors: Nankova Anelia , Yaneva Maria , Elenkova Atanaska , Tcharaktchiev Dimitar , Marinov Marin , Hadzhiyanev Asen , Sechanov Tanyo , Gantchev Georgi , Todorov Georgi , Kirilov Georgi , Kalinov Krasimir , Andreeva Maria , Zacharieva Sabina
Published: April 2018

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with serious comorbidities and an increased mortality rate that could be reduced only if strict biochemical control is achieved. The aim of this study was to show the 50-year experience of a single tertiary center in the management of CS patients – the different treatment modalities used over the years and the corresponding outcomes. It was a retrospective study of a large cohort of patients from the Bulgarian CS database: 613 patients (374 with ACTH-dependent and 239 with ACTH-independent CS). Pituitary surgery was applied to 242 patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) with initial remission rate of 74% of which 10% relapsed. Approximately 36% manifested with active disease during the long-term follow-up (26% with persistent disease, 10% relapses) most of which were subjected to a secondary treatment (13.6% to pituitary resurgery, 14% to pituitary radiotherapy, and 5.4% to bilateral adrenalectomy). A total of 294 CD patients received medical therapy with overall remission rates for the most commonly used drugs: dopamine agonists 20%, pasireotide 30%, and ketoconazole 63%. Significant improvement of results was achieved by combining drugs with different mechanisms of action. Regardless of the progress in the neurosurgery and radiotherapy techniques and new drugs discovery, the management of patients with CS remains a real challenge for physicians. Not only patients with adrenal carcinoma but also significant percentage of subjects with persistent and recurrent Cushing’s disease often require a polymodal approach and the efforts of a multidisciplinary highly qualified, experienced, and motivated team in order to achieve a long-term remission.
A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA1 R219K (rs2230806) Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians
Authors: Jung Dongju , Cao Shihua , Liu Meiling , Park Sunmin
Published: April 2018

Asians have relatively low insulin secretion capacity and readily develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when insulin resistant. For that reason, insufficient insulin secretion is critical factor for Asians at the early stage of T2DM. ATP-binding cassette transporter1 (ABCA1) is a membrane protein responsible for cholesterol efflux and its function is also important for secreting insulin in pancreatic β-cells. Given the importance of its role, different polymorphisms of ABCA1 gene might contribute differently to the development of T2DM. Here, we analyzed the association between a variant form of ABCA1 gene called ABCA1 rs2230806 and the prevalence of T2DM in a large sample size by pooling all of the case-control studies published. Relevant case-control studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Korean scientific database, Chinese medical databases, and the Indian medical database. The association was evaluated using five genetic models such as the allelic (AG), recessive (RG), dominant (DG), homozygous (HMG), and heterozygous (HTG) genetic models. Heterogeneity of each genetic model was determined by the I2 test. A total of eight studies (7 published studies and one data set from the Korean Genetic Epidemiology Study) were eligible, satisfying Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and included 2755 T2DM patients (case) and 16 635 nondiabetic subjects (control). All subjects in the studies were Asians. Each genetic model exhibited heterogeneity. In all genetic models, ABCA1 rs2230806 had a significant association with prevalence of T2DM: AG (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98), RG (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–1.03), DG (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97), HMG (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.41–0.96), and HTG (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99). There was no single study that changed the overall effects in allelic genetic model with random effects. No publication bias existed in any models except the RG model. In conclusion, middle-aged and elderly adults with the minor allele of ABCA1 rs2230806 will have a lower risk of T2DM. This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the association in Asians.
The Palmar Cutaneous Branch Mimicking the Recurrent Motor Branch of the Median Nerve
Authors: Wu Feiran , Ng Chye
Published: April 2018

We report an unusual anatomical variant of the palmar cutaneous branch (PCB) of the median nerve in a 46-year-old man presenting with recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. At surgery, after neurolysis, the PCB was visualized arising at the level of the proximal margin of the transverse carpal ligament, mimicking the appearance of the recurrent motor branch. To date, there has been no description of this branch arising at this level. We aim to remind surgeons of this variation and highlight the importance of maintaining vigilance to avoid iatrogenic nerve injury.
Gender Differences in Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Schramm Kristofer , Rochon Paul
Published: April 2018

In the past 20 years, peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. PAD has traditionally been identified as a male-dominant disease; however, recent population trends and studies in PAD suggest that women are affected at least as often as men. Women comprise a larger population of the elderly than men, as well as an increasing proportion of patients with PAD. Much of the existing research on PAD has focused on whole populations, and gender-specific data on PAD is sparse. This review focuses on gender-specific differences in presentation, management, and outcomes of PAD intervention that are important considerations for the interventional radiologist.
Locoregional Therapies for the Treatment of Hepatic Metastases from Breast and Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Mouli Samdeep , Gupta Ramona , Sheth Neil , Gordon Andrew , Lewandowski Robert
Published: April 2018

Breast cancer is the most common women's malignancy in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer death. More than half of patients with breast cancer will develop hepatic metastases; this portends a poorer prognosis. In the appropriately selected patient, there does appear to be a role for curative (surgery, ablation) or palliative (intra-arterial treatments) locoregional therapy. Gynecologic malignancies are less common and metastases to the liver are most often seen in the setting of disseminated disease. The role of locoregional therapies in these patients is not well reported. The purpose of this article is to review the outcomes data of locoregional therapies in the treatment of hepatic metastases from breast and gynecologic malignancies.
Pelvic Artery Embolization for Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Vogelzang Robert , Lindquist Jonathan
Published: April 2018

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Defined as greater than 500 mL blood loss after vaginal delivery, and greater than 1,000 mL blood loss after cesarean delivery, PPH has many causes, including uterine atony, lower genital tract lacerations, coagulopathy, and placental anomalies. Correction of coagulopathy and identification of the cause of bleeding are mainstays of treatment. Medical therapies such as uterotonics, balloon tamponade, pelvic artery embolization, and uterine-sparing surgical options are available. Hysterectomy is performed when conservative therapies fail. Pelvic artery embolization is safe and effective, and is the first-line therapy for medically refractory PPH. A thorough knowledge of pelvic arterial anatomy is critical. Recognition of variant anatomy can prevent therapeutic failure. Pelvic embolization is minimally invasive, has a low complication rate, spares the uterus, and preserves fertility.
Report of the Third Family with Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 5 Caused by the Founder Variant p.(Glu87Lys) in ISCA1
Authors: Shukla Anju , Kaur Parneet , Girisha Katta
Published: April 2018

Iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (ISCA1) is one of the essential proteins operating in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis pathway. We reported the variant c.259G > A [p.(Glu87Lys)] in homozygous state in exon 4 of the ISCA1 gene as the likely cause of multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome 5 in a previous publication. We now report the third patient with the same phenotype and variant, further supporting the possibility of a founder event. Our observation confirms the clinical presentation associated with a probable founder variant in this condition.
ICD-11: Neurokognitive Störungen
Authors: Jessen Frank , Frölich Lutz
Published: April 2018

Die Sektion Neurokognitive Störungen im Kapitel 06 (Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders) löst in der 11. Revision der ICD (International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), aktuell in der Beta-Version vorliegend, das Kapitel F0 des ICD-10 ab. Es sind hier unter
anderem wesentliche Veränderungen in der Konzeptualisierung von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen gegenüber der vorherigen Version vorgenommen worden. Zusätzlich
werden die neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen in dem Kapitel 08, (Diseases of the Nervous System) klassifiziert. Positiv ist, dass im Kapitel 06 das Konzept der
„organischen“ Störungen verlassen wurde und stattdessen auf erworbene Erkrankungen mit kognitiven Störungen als Leitsymptom fokussiert.

Neben dem Delir und dem amnestischen Syndrom finden sich hier die Demenzen und die leichte neurokognitive Störung. Die ätiologische Klassifikation der Demenzen
richtet sich weiterhin nach syndromalen Kategorien aus. Eine Würdigung der neuen Biomarker-basierten ätiologischen Klassifikation der Alzheimer Krankheit ist
bisher nicht integriert. Die leichte neurokognitive Störung konnte zunächst keiner Ätiologie zugeordnet werden. Dies ist nun ergänzt worden und es besteht die
Möglichkeit, die leichte neurokognitive Störung z. B. mit der Alzheimer Krankheit zu assoziieren. Im Kapitel 08 des ICD-11 ist die Alzheimer Krankheit direkt
kodierbar, ohne dass diese mit einem spezifischen klinischen Syndrom verknüpft wird. Allerdings fehlt auch in diesem Kapitel der Bezug zu Biomarkern, so dass
unklar ist, wie die Alzheimer Krankheit diagnostiziert werden soll. Gleiches gilt für andere neurodegenerative Erkrankungen. Die alte syndromale
Herangehensweise im Kapitel 06 ist aus Sicht der Versorgung und der weltweiten Gültigkeit der ICD nachvollziehbar, da in vielen Regionen der Welt keine
Biomarker für neurodegenerative Erkrankungen zur Verfügung stehen und weil es bis heute nur syndromale Therapien gibt, welche auch nur im Demenzstadium der
Erkrankung wirksam ist. Gleichzeitig ist diese Klassifikation aber auch limitiert, da sie keinen molekular-diagnostischen Zugang bietet, was mit der Einführung
Pathologie-spezifischer Therapien in der Zukunft nicht vereinbar ist.
Thermal-mechanical coupling effect on initial stage oxidation of Si(100) surface
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Yilun , Chen Xuefeng , Zhai Zhi , Izumi Satoshi
Published: April 2018

The initial stage oxidation of biaxially strained Si(100) at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 1200 K has been investigated by Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics simulations. We reported that the oxidation process involving the reaction rate and the amount of absorbed O atoms could be enhanced by the coupling effect of higher temperatures and larger external tension. By fitting the simulation results, the relationship between absorbed oxygen and the coupling of temperature and strain was obtained. In probing the mechanism, we observed that there was a ballistic transport of O atoms, displaying an enhancement of inward penetration by external tension. Since such an inward transport was favored by thermal actuation, more O atoms penetrated into deeper layers when the 9% strained Si oxidized at 1200 K. Moreover, the evolution of stress in the surface region during the oxidation process was discussed, as well as the related oxide structure and the film quality. These present results may provide a way to understand the thermally-mechanically coupled chemical reactions and propose an effective approach to optimize microscale component processing in the electronic field.