bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una experiencia didáctica en la formación de personas jóvenes científicas a través de la participación en investigación científica en el Laboratorio de Física Médica Computacional de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Porras Chaverri Mariela Adelaida
Published: January 2022

La formación de futuras personas profesionales científicas requiere de oportunidades para el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida (habilidades blandas), con el fin de que puedan llevar a cabo de manera satisfactoria sus labores profesionales; esto es aún más crucial en áreas interdisciplinarias como la Física Médica. Uno de los proyectos de Acción Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica ofrece este tipo de oportunidades a personas estudiantes interesadas en este campo, lo hace mediante mentorías enmarcadas en la participación en proyectos de investigación. Al tratarse de un área de estudio de nivel avanzado y multidisciplinar, se utilizan recursos didácticos lúdicos, que faciliten la comprensión y el disfrute de las actividades en el estudiantado de pregrado. Además, este último aspecto tiene la intención de construir una comunidad de conocimiento alrededor de este interés común. En este trabajo se presentan las experiencias y aprendizajes a partir de las percepciones de las personas participantes en dichas experiencias. Se solicitó al grupo de participantes (9 estudiantes y encargada del laboratorio) que brindaran por escrito sus impresiones sobre la experiencia en el laboratorio y con las otras personas participantes, tanto positivas como negativas. Las experiencias de investigación tuvieron como resultado la participación de dos estudiantes como ponentes dentro de un congreso científico internacional. Se concluye de esta experiencia de proyecto que el uso de materiales didácticos para la discusión de conceptos y resultados de investigación científica es un elemento que facilita la participación significativa del estudiantado de pregrado dentro de la investigación, además de que estos espacios de mentoría, empáticos y lúdicos, fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades blandas y la discusión de temas adyacentes a la labor técnica-científica.
Liderazgo educativo: una mirada desde el rol del director y la directora en tres niveles del sistema educacional chileno
Authors: Manriquez Gutierrez Katherine Pamela , Reyes Roa Malva Lidia
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo da cuenta del estado actual del liderazgo educativo en Chile en tres niveles educativos que imparte el sistema educativo chileno: educación parvularia, educación básica y educación media entre los años 2015 y 2020. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el rol del director o de la directora a la luz de sus prácticas de liderazgo en los establecimientos educacionales. La revisión del estado de la cuestión arrojó veintisiete investigaciones con base empírica que fueron sistematizadas para luego exponer por medio de categorías el conocimiento producido. Entre las conclusiones se destaca la necesidad de avanzar en la observación del nivel de educación parvularia, porque la evidencia empírica demuestra que ha sido escasamente abordada.
Dimensión pedagógica de los lugares de memoria: semiosis nemotécnica, visita presencial y extensión virtual
Authors: Cuesta Oscar Julian , Lara Salcedo Luz Marina , Mora Hernández Yaneth , Burgos Urán Félix Andrés , Sánchez Guerra Laura , Marín Adriana María
Published: January 2022

El artículo sostiene que los lugares de memoria poseen una dimensión pedagógica constitutiva, caracterizada por la contingencia comunicativa que no permite reducir la interpretación del pasado a una sola versión. Para ello, se propone el concepto de semiosis nemotécnica. Además, el texto reflexiona sobre las características de los lugares de memoria y su vínculo con el patrimonio; argumenta que esto es necesario para lograr la reparación de las víctimas y la participación activa de la comunidad en su territorio. En ese marco, se muestran los retos de extender estos lugares a escenarios virtuales. Finalmente, se describe la experiencia del Museo Casa de la Memoria de Medellín como ejemplo de los argumentos expuestos en el artículo.
Las universidades del Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano (CSUCA) en los rankings de investigación: elementos para una estrategia de mejora
Authors: Buitrago Reyes Lesbia Jeannette
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es sugerir estrategias para mejorar el posicionamiento en investigación de las universidades del Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano (CSUCA). Para ello se analizan los indicadores de SCImago Institutions Ranking (SIR) y del Ranking Web de Universidades (Webometrics), con base en las posiciones que dichas universidades alcanzaron en 2020 en los rankings mencionados. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo en el estudio de los informes de SIR IBER y Webometrics, la estructura académico administrativa de la investigación según la página web de cada institución y el seguimiento a indicadores de visibilidad. En SIR IBER, las tres primeras posiciones de las universidades analizadas corresponden a: Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA) e Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC), que por el número de artículos publicados figuran además en la clasificación SIR World 2020. En el Ranking Web de Universidades a nivel mundial y latinoamericano, la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) alcanzó la primera posición; le siguen Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC), Universidad de Panamá (UP), Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá (UTP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua), Universidad de El Salvador (UES) y Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). Se sugiere incidir en los indicadores que tienen mayor ponderación en cada clasificadora, así como efectuar una actualización constante de las páginas web y seguimiento a las métricas usadas para medir el impacto de las investigaciones.
Estrés, autoeficacia, apoyo-social y personalidad en estudiantes del Programa de Acceso y Acompañamiento Efectivo a la Educación Superior
Authors: Morales Navarro Mario Antonio , Rojas Lillo Laura Angélica , Guzmán Utreras Eduardo Andrés Enrique , Baeza Ugarte Carmen Gloria
Published: January 2022

Se presenta un estudio cuyo propósito fue construir un modelo predictivo del estrés basado en la autoeficacia, el apoyo-social y la personalidad, en un grupo de estudiantes pertenecientes al Programa de Acceso y Acompañamiento a la Educación Superior (PACE). Se contó con una muestra no probabilística, incidental de 126 personas universitarias de primer año. Por medio de cuatro instrumentos asociados a las variables señaladas, se recurrió a un modelo de Regresión Lineal Múltiple, el cual arrojó que las variables neuroticismo y autoeficacia son las que tienen mejor poder predictivo ante la percepción del estrés. Estos hallazgos permiten, por una parte, establecer la necesidad de considerar estas variables psicológicas de forma más explícita en el diagnóstico, planificación y ejecución de actividades con estudiantes pertenecientes al PACE, y, por otra, la necesidad de continuar y profundizar su estudio en el contexto de estudiantes vulnerables educativamente, a fin de visibilizar su importancia en los procesos de acceso y permanencia en la educación superior.
The Electric Golem: Updating The Myth in Ian McEwan’s Machines Like Me
Authors: Botero Camacho Manuel , San Román Cazorla Julio
Published: January 2022

This article presents the evolution of the Golem’s myth in Ian McEwan’s Machines Like Me using the myth’s actualisation presented in Borges’ poem “The Golem”. An analysis of how the mythic roles embodied by the main characters of the novel are reverted is provided, establishing a parallelism between the myth and the modern theme of androids. The result of this appears to be catastrophic for humanity as the artificial creation of life and the inclusion of androids in society is perceived as a threat due to the fact that ancient creation myths remain in humankind’s memory, especially those where humans’ creations defy their creators. Adam, the android who plays the role of the Golem ultimately reveals himself as a perfect creation, far from what his mythic counterpart is supposed to be and Charlie, his owner and creator, afraid of being inferior to the android, decides to kill him in order to reaffirm the already established human power over the machines.
Lie group symmetries' complete classification for a generalized Chazy equation and its equivalence group
Authors: Acevedo Yeisson A. , Londoño Duque Óscar M. , Loaiza Gabriel I.
Published: January 2022

In this work, a complete classification of the Lie group symmetries for a generalization of Chazy equation was carried out and the equivalence group for the generalized Chazy equation is calculated and used to present the principal algebra of the equation.
Influencia del efecto Allee débil en las presas en un modelo de depredación del tipo Leslie-Gower con respuesta funcional sigmoidea
Authors: González-Olivares Eduardo , Valenzuela-Figueroa Sebastián , Rojas-Palma Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Utilizando un sistema topológicamente equivalente al original, dependiente sólo de cuatro parámetros, en este trabajo analizamos un modelo de depredación del tipo Leslie-Gower, considerando que el consumo de los depredadores es modelado por una respuesta funcional sigmoidea. Además, asumimos que las presas están afectadas por un efecto Allee y que los depredadores son generalistas. Mostramos que el sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias que describe el modelo puede tener hasta cuatro puntos de equilibrio positivos. Dadas las dificultades para obtener explícitamente las coordenadas de estos puntos analizamos parcialmente el sistema considerando que la población de presas está afectada por un efecto Allee débil. Entre los resultados más importantes obtenidos, se demuestra la existencia de una curva separatriz, dividiendo el comportamiento de las soluciones o trayectorias del sistema en el plano de fase. Dos soluciones muy cercanas pero en un lado diferente de esa separatriz, tendrían ω − limites diferentes y distantes. Esto implica que teniendo un mismo tamaño poblacional de las presas, para distintos tamaños poblacionales de depredadores, pero muy cercanos, ambas poblaciones podrían coexistir o las presas podrían ir a la extinción.
A STUDY OF ACQUIRED HARMFUL HABITS AT 15-16-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS
Authors: Dikova P.
Published: January 2022

Childhood and adolescence is the time when life-long habits are acquired. The bad habits acquired at this age reflect on the physical and mental health of the individual. They mark a negative contribution to the development of serious health problems in middle and senior age.
Some of the most harmful bad habits are smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use, low physical activity, and the recently quite modern addiction to the Internet and social networks.
To examine the extent to which bad habits are part of the lives of 15-16-year-old boys and girls, we conducted an anonymous survey among 248 students. The issues and questions were related to smoking, alcohol, drugs and aggressive behavior.
The analysis of the data revealed that harmful dependencies are more or less part of their lives. The results of this survey revealed a minor decrease in the number of smokers from year to year. Unfortunately, alcohol consumption by students is increasing. The lowest is the percentage of those, who have tried any drugs. Most often, aggression manifests itself in fighting and with increasing age among the respondents, the tendency declines the percentage of positive responses among boys, whereas it increases significantly among girls.
EFFECT OF LEBOSOL® FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN TRANSFORMATION ALONG THE ECO-TECHNICAL CHAIN ‘SEED MATERIAL – GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE
Authors: Ivanov L. , Uzunova K. , Penkov D.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to calculate the “multiplication effect” between the included gross energy (crude protein) with the seeds and the same, obtained with the grain yields in the eco-technical system “seed material – soil – grain yield”, so as the influence of some foliar fertilizers Lebozol® on it.
For variants were investigated – control without foliar fertilizers and three experimental – trated with Aminosol + Lebosol Zin, Nutriplant 36 and Mix for maize respectively. The multiplication effects were:
- For the Gross energy: Control – 1048.7 times (with variations from 833.36 to 1287.73); First experimental – 1099 times (with variations from 876.49 to 1343.75) – 4.55% exceeding the control; Second experimental – 1093.3 times (with variations from 863.57 to 1341.62) – 4.08% exceeding the control; Third experimental – 1078.8 times (with variations from 862.5 to 1322.54) – 2.80% exceeding the control.
- For the crude protein: - Control – 997.2 times (with variations from 803.28 to 1224.43); First experimental - 1050 times (with variations from 837.58 to 1284.1) – 11.86% exceeding the control; Second experimental – 1131.3 times (with variations from 893.7 to 1338.42) - 11.86% exceeding the control; Third experimental - 1047.7 times (with variations from 837.71 to 1284.57) – 4.83% exceeding the control.
INFLUENCE OF THE CEREAL COMPONENTS REPLACEMENT WITH EXTRUDED BREAD WASTE IN THE LAYING HENS DIET ON THE NET UTILIZATION OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN
Authors: Grigorova S. , Penkov D.
Published: January 2022

Aim: Monitoring the effect of the replacement of 5 and 10% of the grain component in compound feed for laying hens with the same amount of extruded bread waste on Clarcs of energy distribution (CED)/ protein transformation (CPT)” in the eco-technical chain "fodder - egg mélange".
Experimental design: Three groups: 50 layers each (hybrid Lohman Klassic Brown), one – control, one – replacement of 5% of the grain, one - replacement of 10% of the grain with extruded bread waste.
Results: CED “ME fodder – GE mélange”: control – 0.2064; 5% bread wastes – 0.2049; 10% bread wastes – 0.2166.
CPT “CP fodder - CP mélange”: control – 0.2538; 5% bread wastes – 0.2585; 10% bread waste - 0.2838.
There is a tendency for higher net utilization of energy and protein from feed to the egg mélange in the group receiving 10% bread wastes.
INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF BREAD WASTES BY FEEDING OF GUINEA FOWLS – LAYERS ON THE CLARCS OF ENERGY DISTRIBUTION/PROTEIN TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Penkov D. , Dimitrova M. , Ivanova R.
Published: January 2022

AIM: establishing of the net transformation of the energy and the protein in the eco-technical chain “fodder-egg mélange” by replacement of the 10% of the grain component of the combined fodder for Guinea fowls – layers with bread wastes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 2 groups – control (without bread wastes) and experimental – 10% replacement of wheat with bread wastes.
RESULTS: For the Clarc of energy distribution (ME fodder-GE egg mélange) – control group – 0.1410, with 10% bread wastes – 0.1415; for the Clarc of protein transformation (CPfodder-CP mélange) – respectively 0.1654 and 0.1720. For both of the indexes the bird consumed 10% bread wastes have significant higher energy and protein net utilization.
VIRTUAL BRONCHOSCOPY FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE CHANGES IN CENTRAL LUNG CARCINOMA
Authors: Mitev M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The size of the changes is important for determining the invasiveness of the process and the stage of development of the neoplastic processes of the lung. The use of the method of virtual bronchoscopy as a diagnostic method in central lung carcinoma provides non-invasive visualization, but also abilities to measure changes. Purpose: The study aims to present the results of the application of the VB method in determining the size of the changes in patients with central lung carcinoma. Methods: 130 patients, diagnosed with central carcinoma, went VB method, using 64 MDCT Siemens Definition AS. The criteria size of the changes in different localization (right or left) and sex (women, men) was considered in the work. Results: 98 men and 32 women, aged 26-83 years, diagnosed with central lung cancer were examined using the method of virtual bronchoscopy, in which the size of the changes was monitored. In central right carcinoma of men, the formations in CT ranged in average from 5 to 68 mm (36.5 ± 18.62) and the largest number of findings were of 21–43 mm (44.5 ± 14) in length. The length of the changes in men with central left carcinoma ranged from 0.45 mm to 31 mm (12.7 ± 10.59). The length of the changes in women with central right carcinoma was from 0.44 to 1.86 mm (6.45 ± 6.83), and in those with left localization - from 0.6 to 13.1 mm (10.35 ± 6.74). In men, all six groups of stenoses were presented, most of them with sizes over 20 mm, followed by those with sizes below 3 mm. In women, stenoses were presented in only 3 groups, most of which were less than 3 mm in size. A significant relation was found between the sex of the studied patients with central carcinoma and the length of the stenoses. Sex was a determining factor for the length of the stenoses (χ2 = 212.77, p = 0.0000). Conclusions: Virtual bronchoscopy allows accurate metry in all planes. The magnitude of the measured changes is important for determining the invasiveness of the process. The results obtained in VB should always be interpreted with axial and multiplanar images.
PROGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF WORLD SOCIETY OF EMERGENCY SURGERY SEPSIS SEVERITY SCORE IN BULGARIAN PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Dimitrov E. , Minkov G. , Enchev E. , Yovtchev Y.
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of World Society of Emergency Surgery Sepsis Severity Score (WSES SSS) to prognosticate the fatal outcome in our local setting and compare the findings with global data.
METHODS: The retrospective study involved 110 patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) admitted to Department of Surgical Diseases at a University hospital. All adult patients who required emergency surgery due to cIAIs from January 2017 to July 2019 were included. We assessed the prognostic performance of WSES SSS using area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curves and analyzed the coordinates of the curves.
RESULTS: The observed in-hospital mortality was 22.7%. WSES SSS was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors - 7(5-8) points vs. 3(0-5) points, p < 0.0001. The established AUROC value of WSES SSS for outcome prediction was 0.825 (0.749-0.902). We have identified sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 68.2% for cut-off value > 4 points.
CONCLUSION: The WSES SSS was shown as a practical and reliable mortality predictor in Bulgarian patients with cIAIs.
INTRAPERITONELA MULTINODULAR SPLENOSIS - AN INCIDENTAL EMERGENT LAPAROTOMY FINDING: A RARE CASE REPORT.
Authors: Novakov Iv. , Gulinac M.
Published: January 2022

Splenosis is a rare benign condition that arises from the heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue following iatrogenic or accidental splenic trauma. The aim of this publication is to present a rare case of multinodular intraperitoneal splenosis as an incidental finding at the time of emergent laparotomy, with a gap of more than 51 years after previous abdominal trauma.
Rite and Time: The Inversion of Ritual Practices in Historical and Cultural Perspective
Authors: Panchenko Alexander , Soboleva Larisa
Published: January 2022

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“I Knew that Messiah Had to Come”: Jewish Festive Rituals in a Soviet City
Authors: Glavatskaya Elena , Zabolotnykh Elizaveta
Published: January 2022

The ethnic mobilisation that has unfolded throughout post-Soviet territory cannot be understood without a thorough examination of the preservation and transmission of ethnic identity in Soviet times. Despite the vast historiography devoted to studying various aspects of Jewish identity during the Soviet period, religiosity has rarely been an object of research. The purpose of this study is to identify religious practices that continued to exist among the Jewish population of Sverdlovsk until 1961, when the synagogue was closed. The authors refer to reports of the commissioners for Religious Affairs and data obtained during field research. They try to find out the extent and form of preserved calendar rituals, and what went missing from the daily life of the Sverdlovsk Jews. The research demonstrates that the religious community in the 1950s reached 500 people, or about 3 % of the entire Jewish population in the city. In the synagogue, a larger number of parishioners gathered during Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, and Sukkot. Fewer believers attended Hanukkah, and Purim generally went unnoticed by the commissioner for Religious Affairs. The recollections of the informants about holidays (mainly Passover and Purim) are peculiarly and uniformly associated with the description of meals. This is due to the post-war hunger and the age of the informants; they were all children, for whom delicious food was the most important component of any holiday. The results obtained make it possible to assert that the festive rituals of Sverdlovsk Jews continued to be preserved even in non-religious families, albeit in a limited form, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, thus reinforcing their identity.
“Of course, I’m a Jew, but I’m a Soviet Jew”: Multiple Identities in the Memoirs
Authors: Kliueva Vera
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the issue of multiple identities manifested by the coexistence of a Soviet (non-national, civic) identity and an ethnic identity with reference to Soviet Jewry. The source base consists of personal interviews with Siberian Jews, supplemented by published interviews collected by other researchers. The key research issue is the actualisation of the Soviet and Jewish components of multiple identities. The author uses the “Soviet common man” methodological concept formulated by Yu. Levada’s group (a person’s belonging to a social system and the Soviet regime and their ability to become part of the system), as well as the argument that during Soviet times, religious confessional identity ceased to be significant. It is demonstrated that for the Jews who were not activists in the national movement, the domination of either of the identities was mostly situational. The notion “Soviet” implied internationalism, atheism, and the lack of a right to exclusivity or uniqueness. Ethnic identity could be constructed through positive and negative emotions. The source of negative emotions was the external environment, which was expressed through every day and state anti-Semitism. The positive experience was formed within the family or through an individual’s personal choices. For most of the informants, their turn to a Soviet identity was intuitive and not reflected upon. Also, certain markers can be interpreted as exclusively Jewish: the tradition of name giving to honour a deceased relative; using Yiddish; and a connection between food codes and religious tradition (Kashrut). Yiddish was not used actively in everyday life, and in later years it was used as a secret language to talk to one’s own kind. Even non-religious Jews treated the observance of some religious practices (primarily Shabbat and Kashrut) as normative due to their family upbringing.
Self-Immolation as a Metaphor and Act in the Subcultures of the Late Russian Empire
Authors: Maroshi Valery
Published: January 2022

This article examines the historical continuity between the self-immolations of the Old Believers and the radical aspirations of Russian revolutionary intellectuals, the aesthetics of sacrifice in the civil poetry of the 1880s, and the Russian modernism and avant-garde of the early twentieth century. The relevance of the article is due to its search for a metaphor that unites different spheres of Russian political and cultural life at the turn of the century. The author analyses self-immolation as a metaphor in the essays of G. Fedotov and D. Merezhkovsky, the paintings of G. Myasoedov and I. Repin, the poems of S. Nadson, K. Fofanov, V. Bryusov, N. Klyuev, V. Ivanov, and A. Blok, and the novels of M. Gorky and A. N. Tolstoy. The extreme symbolism of self-sacrifice united different strata of Russian culture, primarily the subcultures of the narodniks and literary bohemians. The most detailed metaphor of the creative and comprehensive ritualisation of intellectual subcultures is provided in O. Mandelstam’s memoirs The Noise of Time. Virtual self-immolation could become real, as when M. Grachevsky and M. Vetrova committed suicide in prison by self-immolation. The methodology of this article is based on historical and comparative analysis of poetic metaphors, characters, and visual motifs of paintings on historical topics and the socio-psychological attitudes of political radicals as manifestations of a ritual-like self-sacrifice plot. Even though self-immolations among Old Believers had almost completely stopped, the phenomenon was a challenge for Russian intellectuals. It turned into a metaphor in both the aesthetics of Russian political poetry and Russian symbolism. The cult of self-immolation in lyrical poetry found reflection in the extremely intense psycho-emotional and creative sentiments of biographical authors and their characters, where self-immolation is portrayed as the most perfect form of self-destruction. During and after the revolution, Russian philosophers and writers used this metaphor to condemn the Russian mentality and analyse the failure of the Russian intelligentsia’s mission to enlighten the people.
Sacrificial Allusions in the Poetic Structure of Alexander Tvardovsky’s The Testament of a Warrior
Authors: Kovalev Petr
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the first edition of I Was Killed Near Rzhev…, a famous poem by A. T. Tvardovsky, which is significantly different from the well-known version of the work and makes it possible to discover the author’s original artistic idea. The text of The Testament of a Warrior is dedicated to one of the most tragic periods of the Great Patriotic War, the Rzhev-Sychyovka Offensive Operation (1942), and combines two complex lyrical plans marked by different compositional and poetic methods. This deliberate dissonance between form and content only becomes fully interpretable when the researcher employs an interdisciplinary approach to the totality of aesthetic highs at structurally meaningful levels. This makes it possible to reveal bifurcation points in the development of the main theme of the work, self-sacrifice. Despite the censorship and ideological attitudes of the post-war era, Tvardovsky reproduces the “battle background” of the “summer of the bitter year” through the prism of an unknown soldier’s fate, whose image contains Dante’s transcendental features. The complex synthesis of historical facts and cultural associations, which form an affective contradiction in the status of the lyrical narration in the text of the poem, testifies to the emergence of a special lyrical catharsis in the Soviet poet’s work in order to indicate the sacrificial meaning of the Rzhev “plot”.
A Fragment of a Menologium in a Lectionary Gospel from the National Library of Poland
Authors: Szwed Zofia , Narloch Andrzej
Published: January 2022

This article analyses a fragment of a menologium in the lectionary Gospel BOZ 154, a fourteenth-century Cyrillic work preserved in ten parchment sheets in the collection of the Zamojski Family Estate Library of the National Library in Warsaw. Until now, the monument has been cited only in catalogues of Cyrillic manuscripts kept in Polish archives and libraries. The authors of the article aim to introduce the document into scholarly circulation and disseminate knowledge about it. The discovery and examination of Cyrillic manuscripts found both in Russia and other countries has long been the task of researchers representing various scholarly disciplines. The article aims to provide a palaeographic description of a calendar fragment and characterise its contents. The research aims to reveal the Typicon that influenced the appearance of the menologium. The observations made reveal traces of the traditions of the Great Orthodox Church Typicon and the Studite Typicon. The article seek to place this fragment among calendars of this type, define a group of Gospels that, as regards holidays included there, are closest to it, and thus prepare a starting point for further research aimed at revealing a possible “relationship” with other works. This aim is achieved by comparing the contents of the fragment with the content of calendars discussed by O. V. Loseva in her extensive work Russian Menologia of the 11th–14th Centuries, which includes information about almost two hundred copies of Gospels, lectionaries, and liturgical collections. Comparative analysis makes it possible to select a group of calendars with a set of holidays which are similar to that included in the menologium under analysis. The article is accompanied by a list of holidays included in BOZ 154, together with data on evangelical pericopes for particular days.
Simon’s Copy of Letopisets Vyborom
Authors: Bogdanov Andrey
Published: January 2022

Letopisets Vyborom (literally, a Chronicle Written by Compiling from Older Chronicles) is one of the most mysterious works of seventeenth-century Russian chronicle writing. Its title changes little in the manuscripts that have preserved the beginning: Chronicle Written by Compiling from Older Chronicles which Have Recently Been Created in the Muscovite State and throughout the Russian Land. Reflecting the views of Russians of the seventeenth century, the work was popular at the time but did not survive it, giving rise to a work of a different historical form in the Petrine era. However, the Letopisets was only discovered by S. O. Schmidt in the mid-twentieth century while studying the events of the sixteenth century. Since then, B. N. Morozov and I have managed to find more than 20 copies, each of which, with proper research, is of considerable interest for the history of seventeenth-century culture. The work can be found everywhere: in the folios of respectable book writers, in the collections of provincial history amateurs, in noble codices with the most important genealogical registers, and in the roll parchments of local patrimonial archives. Numerous scribes and zealous followers of Letopisets Vyborom treated the composition so creatively that almost every copy is a new authorial version, and the history of the text still defies reconstruction. For the first time, the work that belonged to the prominent administrator and scribe Simon Azaryin at the beginning of Nikon’s reforms is introduced here, reflecting both the problems of studying the text and the possibilities that codicological work opens for a better understanding of a “rebellious age”.
Engajamento e Sucesso na Transição para o Trabalho: Estudo com Medidas Repetidas
Authors: Okumoto Alexandre Yomatsu de Paula , Oliveira Marina Cardoso de , Melo-Silva Lucy Leal , Taveira Maria do Céu
Published: January 2022

Resumo O engajamento com a carreira tem se mostrado um bom preditor de resultados positivos associados ao desenvolvimento profissional e ao sucesso na carreira. É crescente o interesse em estudar as relações entre o engajamento e o sucesso no contexto da transição universidade-trabalho. Esta investigação recorreu ao delineamento prospectivo com medidas repetidas para analisar as variações do engajamento com a carreira, durante e após a conclusão da graduação; além de verificar o poder preditivo sobre o sucesso na transição universidade-trabalho. Esta pesquisa contou com 108 participantes, de diferentes regiões do Brasil e áreas de formação, que responderam ao caderno de pesquisa durante o último ano acadêmico e após a conclusão dos estudos. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de regressão que demonstraram que o engajamento com a carreira, medido após a graduação, e o tempo de conclusão da graduação foram os melhores preditores para explicar os indicadores de sucesso na transição universidade-trabalho. Ademais, os resultados sugeriram que engajamento com a carreira sofre variações em função do tempo. Os resultados podem ser úteis para planejar intervenções de carreira para universitários e recém-formados que vivenciam a transição universidade-trabalho.
Large Scale Multilingual Sticker Recommendation In Messaging Apps
Authors: Laddha Abhishek , Hanoosh Mohamed , Mukherjee Debdoot , Patwa Parth , Narang Ankur
Published: January 2022

Stickers are popularly used while messaging to visually express nuanced thoughts. We describe a real-time sticker recommendation (SR) system. We decompose SR into two steps: predict the message that is likely to be sent, and substitute that message with an appropriate sticker. To address the challenges caused by transliteration of message from users’ native language to the Roman script, we learn message embeddings by employing character-level CNN in an unsupervised manner. We use them to cluster semantically similar messages. Next, we predict the message cluster instead of the message. Except for validation, our system does not require human labeled data, leading to a fully auto-matic tuning pipeline. We propose a hybrid message prediction model, which can easily run on low-end phones. We discuss message cluster to sticker mapping, addressing the multilingual needs of our users, automated tuning of the system and also propose a novel application of community detection algorithm. As of November 2020, our system contains 100k+ stickers, has been deployed for 15+ months, and is being used by millions of users.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Symbolic versus Connectionist AI
Authors: Goel Ashok
Published: January 2022

The ongoing debate between symbolic and connectionist AI attends to some of the most fundamental issues in the field. In this column, I briefly review the evolution of the unfolding discussion. I also point out that there is a lot more to intelligence than the symbolic and connectionist views of AI.
Avoiding Negative Side Effects Due to Incomplete Knowledge of AI Systems
Authors: Saisubramanian Sandhya , Zilberstein Shlomo , Kamar Ece
Published: January 2022

Autonomous agents acting in the real-world often operate based on models that ignore certain aspects of the environment. The incompleteness of any given model – handcrafted or machine acquired – is inevitable due to practical limitations of any modeling technique for complex real-world settings. Due to the limited fidelity of its model, an agent’s actions may have unexpected, undesirable consequences during execution. Learning to recognize and avoid such negative side effects (NSEs) of an agent’s actions is critical to improve the safety and reliability of autonomous systems. Mitigating NSEs is an emerging research topic that is attracting increased attention due to the rapid growth in the deployment of AI systems and their broad societal impacts. This article provides a comprehensive overview of different forms of NSEs and the recent research efforts to address them. We identify key characteristics of NSEs, highlight the challenges in avoiding NSEs, and discuss recently developed approaches, contrasting their benefits and limitations. The article concludes with a discussion of open questions and suggestions for future research directions.
El delito de administración desleal en Colombia desde una perspectiva societaria
Authors: Pantoja Ruíz Juan Pablo
Published: January 2022

El delito de administración desleal, tipificado por el artículo 250B del Código Penal colombiano, nace como un instrumento para combatir la corrupción en el sector privado. El legislador colombiano se inspiró en el ordenamiento jurídico español para tipificar como delito el acto del administrador que, abusando de sus funciones, dispone de bienes de la sociedad o contrae obligaciones a cargo de está causando un perjuicio económicamente evaluable. Sin embargo, entender cuándo el administrador actúa por fuera de sus funciones y en abuso de estas requiere aproximarse a la legislación societaria, ordenamiento que regula originalmente los deberes de los administradores. Este artículo estudia esta relación entre el derecho penal y el derecho societario de cara a buscar dotar de contenido el delito de administración desleal bajo la teoría de los deberes fiduciarios del administrador en Colombia. Luego de ello estudia las particularidades del tipo de administración desleal, señalando que su redacción es susceptible de mejoría, puesto que faltó incluir a los promotores de las sociedades en formación, el perjuicio se debería predicar de la sociedad y no de sus socios y todo el administrador que actúa en un beneficio distinto al de la compañía también abusa de las funciones propias de su cargo. Por último, se presentan algunas conclusiones generales.
Marginalidad en el Código penal colombiano. Contexto de análisis y reflexiones de pandemia
Authors: Luna Hernández María Helena
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo se proporcionarán datos de la realidad social colombiana, con los cuales se pretende introducir el desarrollo penal de las circunstancias de atenuación punitiva consagradas en el artículo 56 del Código Penal colombiano, cuyo denominador común subyace en el fenómeno de la marginalidad, siendo éste sobre el que se profundizará. A partir de algunos planteamientos de juristas latinoamericanos, se justificará la necesidad de desarrollar criterios de corresponsabilidad penal, que encuentren un anclaje entre la dogmática penal y el contexto de su aplicación
La inconstitucionalidad del delito de aborto a la luz de los fines de la pena
Authors: Boada Acosta Juan Camilo
Published: January 2022

Este texto consiste en un análisis sobre la constitucionalidad del delito de aborto a la luz de los fines de la pena en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Esto teniendo en cuenta los límites establecidos por la Corte Constitucional frente a la libertad de configuración legislativa en materia penal, en especial los principios de necesidad y proporcionalidad. Asimismo, se explican los fines de la pena, pues a partir de ellos se realiza el análisis de los mencionados principios. Finalmente, se aplican dichos principios frente al delito de aborto y se concluye que dicho delito resulta inconstitucional por no superar el test de proporcionalidad.
COMORBID PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN SOME COMMON NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
Authors: GÖRGÜLÜ Ümit , GÜRHAN Nermin , YALÇIN AKMAN Yasemin , POLAT Ülkü , ALTAY Kevser , ÖZEN Şükrü , COŞAR Behçet , KOLCU Giray
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study was conducted to determine psychiatric

diseases accompanying common neurological

diseases.

Material and Methods

The study is a retrospective study. The files of 1125

patients diagnosed with neurologic disease who were

treated as an outpatient in the psychiatry outpatient

clinic between 26.12.2016 - 26.12.2017 were

examined.

Results

The most commonly depression 59.9% and anxiety

disorder 42.5% were diagnosed in neurology patients

receiving outpatient treatment in the psychiatry

outpatient clinic. This anxiety was more common

in migraine (63.3 %) and depression was most

commonly seen in multiple sclerosis (67.2%). The

cognitive impairment (11.9%), sleep disorders (10%),

Alzheimer's disease (21.1%) and dementia (12.6%)

were more common in Parkinson disease.

Conclusion

This study supports that psychiatric disorders

frequently accompany neurological diseases.

Therefore, psychiatric evaluation is required in order

to increase the quality of life in neurological diseases.
Development of the Method of Formation the Reference Signals for Electric Actuators of Manipulators with Redundant Degrees of Freedom. Part I
Authors: Filaretov V. F. , Gubankov A. S. , Gornostaev I. V.
Published: January 2022

The solution of task of maintaining the dynamic accuracy of control of working tools of multilink manipulators (MM) when they move along arbitrary spatial trajectories is presented in this paper. In this case, constructive restrictions in all degrees of freedom (DoF) of manipulators and special cases of location of their links are taken into account. These special (singular) positions are characterized by ambiguity in solving inverse kinematics problem of these MM. Maintaining of control accuracy is proposed to be ensured by excluding the enter of all DoFs of manipulators to the restrictions, as well as excluding the enter of their working tools to the boundaries of the working area. This is accomplished by using a redundant DoF when approaching these undesirable positions. In the first part of the article, the features of the new solution of the inverse kinematics problem are considered and singular positions for 6-DoF manipulators with PUMA kinematic schemes are described. The presented solution of the inverse kinematics problem takes into account various combinations of genera- lized coordinates of the MM, which ensure the movement of their working tools to the specified positions with the required spatial orientation. This solution has low computational complexity compared to other known methods. This allows the use of low-power microprocessor computers to control the MM. The results of the performed mathematical simulation confirmed the high efficiency of using the proposed approach to the contour control of the MM.
Decision support technology for clinical data cognitive analysis
Authors: Lavrinenko N. V. , Gulyaev D. A. , Manukovskiy V. A.
Published: January 2022

A practicing physician is faced with decision-making problems in uncertainty terms in his daily activities such as a lot of different information about the patient. Diagnostic issues, identification of patient management leading modalities is associated with the demand for high-quality prognosis of the disease course, calculating the risks of complications and adverse outcomes that especially problematic in emergency situations. The human brain is significantly surrender to modern computers in processing power, but it is able to instantly interpret information and analyze it, and also it is able to learn, form ideas, make conclusions. Attempt of association both the computational power and human brain intuitive analysis was reflected in the construction of computer programs based on the “Neural networks”. Together with the information technology development, the design of new neural networks configurations, and their training principles, its chances turn up in the physician daily activity decision making sphere.
Familial trigeminal neuralgia: a case series
Authors: Efremov F. A. , Rzaev D. A. , Moisak G. I.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Trigeminal neuralgia is a fairly rare disease manifested by acute paroxysmal pain of the type of electric shock in the innervation zone of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia is usually sporadic, but familial cases have also been described. The study of familial cases of the disease can help in understanding the causes and mechanisms of the development of trigeminal neuralgia. We present a series of 4 families in which 2 family members in one generation suffered from trigeminal neuralgia, all patients underwent surgical treatment in our center.The study objective. The study of familial cases of the disease can help in understanding the causes and mechanisms of the development of trigeminal neuralgia.Materials and methods. For the analysis, data were collected on patients with familial trigeminal neuralgia who were operated on in our center from August 2015 to October 2020.Results. In our series, the majority of patients were women, the average age was 36.5 years, in all cases right side was involved, and, in most cases the second trigeminal division was affected. Most of the patients had neurovascular conflict. All patients underwent microvascular decompression as a primary operation in our center. Intraoperative neurovascular conflict was identified in all cases; in half of the cases, complete regression of pain syndrome was noted after first surgical procedure. Conclusion. In our study, no clinical or anatomical factors were found in comparison to sporadic cases of trigeminal neuralgia.
Surgery for multiple cerebral aneurysms: Literature review and case report
Authors: Prirodov A. V. , Bakharev E. Yu. , Khadzhiev Z. B. , Grin A. A. , Sinkin M. V. , Utkina I. I.
Published: January 2022

We report a case of simultaneous microsurgical clipping of 5 cerebral aneurysms in a patient with multiple aneurysms of the anterior brain.We analyzed the existing treatment approaches to multiple cerebral aneurysms, including endovascular isolation, microsurgical clipping, as well as surgical tactics in case of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We covered the recommendations for screening, surgical risks, and approaches to aneurysm isolation (single-stage and multiple-stage).Using our own experience (since no strict guidelines are currently available), we concluded that it is important to screen cerebral vessels of all close relatives of patients with multiple and familial cerebral aneurysms.
High-grade gliomas: a literature review. Part 2. Radiosurgical treatment
Authors: Gretskikh K. V. , Tokarev A. S.
Published: January 2022

Malignant brain tumors remain one of the most complex problem in modern oncology, being among the most dangerous types of cancer not only because of their poor prognosis, but also due to the immediate consequences for quality of life and cognitive functions. It is expected that the number of such patients will increase as the life expectancy of the population increases.The mortality rate of patients with malignant gliomas remains the highest among all cancer patients. The median survival rate in this population does not exceed 24.5 months. Despite serious progress in the study of the molecular biology of this type of tumor, the question of effective application of this knowledge in the treatment process remains open.The review highlights the most advanced diagnostic methods and analyzes the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy. Special attention is given to the search for new approaches to radiosurgical treatment of high-grade gliomas in order to increase the duration and improve the quality of life of patients. The literature review is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 covers the epidemiology, clinic, and diagnosis of high-grade gliomas, as well as a combined approach to the treatment of the disease. In the 2nd part, the issues of stereotactic radiosurgery of high-grade gliomas, the features of the practical application of the “gamma knife” device in this pathology are highlighted; the effectiveness of the multimodal approach to the treatment of malignant gliomas is analyzed.