bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute myocardial infarction in the Covid-19 era: Incidence, clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes—A multicenter registry
Authors: Fardman Alexander , Zahger Doron , Orvin Katia , Oren Daniel , Kofman Natalia , Mohsen Jameel , Tsafrir Or , Asher Elad , Rubinshtein Ronen , Jamal Jafari , Efraim Roi , Halabi Majdi , Shacham Yacov , Fortis Lior Henri , Cohen Tal , Klempfner Robert , Segev Amit , Beigel Roy , Matetzky Shlomi
Published: June 2021

Background

We aimed to describe the characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients during the Covid-19 era.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, multicenter study involving 13 intensive cardiac care units, to evaluate consecutive STEMI patients admitted throughout an 8-week period during the Covid-19 outbreak. These patients were compared with consecutive STEMI patients admitted during the corresponding period in 2018 who had been prospectively documented in the Israeli bi-annual National Acute Coronary Syndrome Survey. The primary end-point was defined as a composite of malignant arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, and/or in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included individual components of primary outcome, cardiogenic shock, mechanical complications, electrical complications, re-infarction, stroke, and pericarditis.

Results

The study cohort comprised 1466 consecutive acute MI patients, of whom 774 (53%) were hospitalized during the Covid-19 outbreak. Overall, 841 patients were diagnosed with STEMI: 424 (50.4%) during the Covid-19 era and 417 (49.6%) during the parallel period in 2018. Although STEMI patients admitted during the Covid-19 period had fewer co-morbidities, they presented with a higher Killip class (p value = .03). The median time from symptom onset to reperfusion was extended from 180 minutes (IQR 122–292) in 2018 to 290 minutes (IQR 161–1080, p < .001) in 2020. Hospitalization during the Covid-19 era was independently associated with an increased risk of the combined endpoint in the multivariable regression model (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–2.68, p value = .04). Furthermore, the rate of mechanical complications was four times higher during the Covid-19 era (95% CI 1.42–14.8, p-value = .02). However, in-hospital mortality remained unchanged (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.81–3.78, p-value = .16).

Conclusions

STEMI patients admitted during the first wave of Covid-19 outbreak, experienced longer total ischemic time, which was translated into a more severe disease status upon hospital admission, and a higher rate of in-hospital adverse events, compared with parallel period.
Is biological larviciding against malaria a starting point for integrated multi-disease control? Observations from a cluster randomized trial in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Dambach Peter , Bärnighausen Till , Yadouleton Anges , Dambach Martin , Traoré Issouf , Korir Patricia , Ouedraogo Saidou , Nikiema Moustapha , Sauerborn Rainer , Becker Norbert , Louis Valérie R.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of anti-malaria biological larviciding withBacillus thuringiensis israelensison non-primary target mosquito species in a rural African setting.

Methods

A total of 127 villages were distributed in three study arms, each with different larviciding options in public spaces: i) no treatment, ii) full or iii) guided intervention. Geographically close villages were grouped in clusters to avoid contamination between treated and untreated villages. Adult mosquitoes were captured in light traps inside and outside houses during the rainy seasons of a baseline and an intervention year. After enumeration, a negative binomial regression was used to determine the reductions achieved in the different mosquito species through larviciding.

Results

Malaria larviciding interventions showed only limited or no impact againstCulexmosquitoes; by contrast, reductions of up to 34% were achieved againstAedeswhen all detected breeding sites were treated.Culexmosquitoes were captured in high abundance in semi-urban settings while moreAedeswere found in rural villages.

Conclusions

Future malaria larviciding programs should consider expanding onto the breeding habitats of other disease vectors, such asAedesandCulexand evaluate their potential impact. Since the major cost components of such interventions are labor and transport, other disease vectors could be targeted at little additional cost.
Curating Under Pressure: International Perspectives on Negotiating Conflict and Upholding Integrity, Janet Marstine and Svetlana Mintcheva (eds)
Authors: Haines Chelsea
Published: June 2021

Review of: Curating Under Pressure: International Perspectives on Negotiating Conflict and Upholding Integrity, Janet Marstine and Svetlana Mintcheva (eds)

New York and Abingdon, UK: Routledge (2020), 264 pp., p/bk, ISBN: 978-0-81539-619-2, US $44.95
Nicolas Sarkozy: Performing the French presidency
Authors: Stewart Maura
Published: June 2021

A presidential election can be viewed as a national drama in which a candidate casts herself/himself as a courageous protagonist who seeks to become a collective symbol that embodies the best qualities of the nation. Drawing from the fields of performance studies, French studies, cultural studies and political rhetoric, this article provides a critical reading of a key moment in the 2007 presidential campaign: Nicolas Sarkozy’s first official performance as presidential candidate on 14 January. Focusing on the staging of the nomination speech, the strategic use of repetition and expression of emotions, and the notion of personal change, this article explains how Sarkozy’s speech represented a ‘rupture’ in terms of his image and personality, which in turn served to neutralize the threat posed by his main presidential rival, Ségolène Royal. This analysis can thus help to shed light on current political developments: the rise of populist newcomers in Europe.
Heritage preservation in the post-digital era: How much information is enough?
Authors: Thwaites Harold
Published: June 2021

Digital media have revolutionized the practice of scholarship from archives to the creation of content. Continuing into the next decades, the application of digital technologies will remain a pivotal component to cultural heritage research-creation projects. Heritage preservation by means of virtual heritage or digital heritage broadly refers to the use and application of computational tools and methods to humanist fields of study. It embraces a transdisciplinary approach to inspire new research initiatives, while at the same time employing digital media technologies for content creation and sharing across the public space. This article provides an overview of the information design process applied to the digital preservation and re-presentation of cultural heritage. It employs principles of digital heritage to create a matrix of cultural heritage content within the themes of legacy, transmission and transformation. The intangible nature of world heritage is of increasing concern. How that can be preserved and how it becomes sampled and preserved in digital archives for the future are key questions, originating from the inquiry – How much information is enough? This article endeavours to illuminate that question though an exemplar research-creation project, showcasing the materiality of the digital, its embodiment, agency and the resulting impact on the audiences it seeks to inform.
Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens
Authors: Yuneldi Rizki Fitrawan , Astuti Pudji , Saragih Hendry T. S. , Airin Claude Mona
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Pelung chickens make unique, pleasant, and rhythmic sounds in addition to having strong muscle mass. Performance is controlled by testosterone. A natural aromatase blocker is an agent capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme, which consequently prevents testosterone from being changed into estradiol. Such a condition results in consistently high testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of the shell powder of Anadara granosa on the testosterone level, frequency and quality of sounds, and metabolism of Pelung chickens within set parameters of thyroid hormone levels, the triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio, and weight gain.

Materials and Methods: This study used four Pelung chickens aged 14 months. Control data consisted of data before treatment (day 0). Shell powder of A. granosa was administered for 56 days. Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood samples were drawn. In addition, the sounds from Pelung chickens were recorded once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. The blood samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method to determine testosterone, T3, and T4 levels. The sounds of Pelung chickens were recorded using the Hagemon touch method and analyzed using the Audacity application.

Results: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of testosterone, BW, and sound frequency after the administration of A. granosa shell powder, but the administration did not have a significant effect on the levels of T4 and T3 hormones (thyroid hormone), T3/T4 ratio, or sound duration. The testosterone content and BW of Pelung chickens increased from day 14 to day 56, whereas T3 was indicative of the same profile as the T4 hormone. However, T3 and T4 levels and the T3/T4 ratio decreased and increased, respectively. The sound frequency of Pelung chickens increased from day 0 to day 14, although sound duration decreased.

Conclusion: The administration of A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW orally could improve the metabolism, testosterone level, BW, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens.
Comparative evaluation of cytokine and acute-phase protein concentrations in sera of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis as a different view of the causes of the disease
Authors: Brodzki Piotr , Marczuk Jan , Lisiecka Urszula , Szczubiał Marek , Brodzki Adam , Gorzkoś Hubert , Kulpa Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Ketosis is a common disease occurring during the first stage of lactation in highly productive dairy cows. The aim of the present study was the comparative assessment of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-10), and acute-phase proteins (APPs) (including haptoglobin [Hp] and serum amyloid A [SAA]), in the sera of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK), in those with clinical ketosis (CK), and in healthy cows.

Materials and Methods: Thirty dairy cows of Holstein-Friesian breed were investigated. The cows were divided into three groups depending on the serum β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level. The control, SCK, and CK groups included healthy cows, cows with SCK, and cows with CK, respectively. BHBA concentration in blood serum was determined using colorimetric method. The blood serum was used for proper tests. Cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and APPs (SAA and Hp) concentrations in the investigated samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results: The SCK group had significantly higher TNF-α, IL-6; IL-10, and SAA values than had the CK group (p<0.01). The SCK group had a lower Hp concentration than had the CK group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the inflammation intensity is higher in the initial phase of the disease and decreases during the advancement, probably due to active anti-inflammatory mechanisms (an increase of IL-10 concentration), which protect animal organism from self-destruction. On the basis of our study, it can be assumed that ketosis development in dairy cows was preceded by the systemic inflammation that may influence the progress of this disease.
Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time
Authors: Wang Jianan
Published: June 2021

This paper concludes that " time is one of the properties of energy, which is the flow rate of energy from object to space or from space to object. When energy flows from object to space, the time on an object is proportional to the energy density inside the object and inversely proportional to the energy density of the space in which the object is located. When energy flows from space to object, the time on an object is inversely proportional to the energy density inside the object and is proportional to the energy density of the space in which the object is located” Using this time characteristic, the Mpemba effect and "inverse" Mpamba effect are analyzed and a reasonable explanation is given.
Liver-Unrelated Comorbid Conditions Do Not Affect Cognitive Performance or Hepatic Encephalopathy Progression in Cirrhosis
Authors: Acharya Chathur , Nadhem Omar , Shaw Jawaid , Hassouneh Ramzi , Fagan Andrew , McGeorge Sara , Sterling Richard K. , Puri Puneet , Fuchs Michael , Luketic Velimir , Sanyal Arun J. , Wade James B. , Gilles HoChong S. , Heuman Douglas M. , Tinsley Felicia , Matherly Scott , Lee Hannah , Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Thacker Leroy R. , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

We aimed to determine the effect of comorbidities on covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) diagnosis and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) development.

METHODS:

Cirrhotic outpatients underwent CHE testing and 2-year follow-up. Cox regression was performed for time to OHE. In total, 700 patients (60 years, 84% men, model for end-stage liver disease 11) and 33% prior OHE underwent testing and follow-up.

RESULTS:

Major comorbidities were hypertension (54%), diabetes (35%), and depression (29%). Common medications were proton pump inhibitor (49%), beta-blockers (32%), and opioids (21%). Approximately 90 (40%) prior-OHE patients developed recurrence 93 (30,206) days post-testing predicted only by liverrelated variables.

DISCUSSION:

Demographics, cirrhosis characteristics, and opioid use, but not other comorbid conditions, were associated with CHE diagnosis and OHE progression.
Bariatric and Metabolic Endoscopy: A New Paradigm
Authors: Telese Andrea , Sehgal Vinay , Magee Cormac G. , Naik S. , Alqahtani S.A. , Lovat L.B. , Haidry Rehan J.
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndromes is increasing globally. Minimally invasive metabobariatric (MB) endoscopic therapies are adjunct treatments that can potentially bridge the gap between surgical interventions and medical therapy. A growing number of MB techniques are becoming available, allowing for more personalized and patient-targeted treatment options for specific disease states. MB techniques are less invasive than surgery and can precisely target different parts of the gastrointestinal tract that may be responsible for the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. These alternatives should be selected on an individualized patient basis to balance the expected clinical outcomes and desired anatomical targets with the level of invasiveness and degree of acceptable risk. Each MB intervention presents great flexibility allowing for a tailored intervention and different levels of patient engagement. Patient awareness and motivation are essential to avoid therapy withdrawal and failure. Differences between MB procedures in terms of weight loss and metabolic benefit will be discussed in this review, along with the insights on clinical decision-making processes to evaluate the potential of further evolution and growth of bariatric and metabolic endoscopy.
Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire in Colombian adolescents
Authors:   Universitat de València, Spain, Cardona Isaza Arcadio de Jesús , Tamarit Chulia Alicia ,   Universitat de València, Spain, González Barrón Remedios ,   Universitat de València, Spain, Montoya Castilla Inmaculada ,   Universitat de València, Spain
Published: June 2021

Background/objective: Decision-making is a set of skills useful for daily functioning which allow people to perform their tasks and control objectives and goals, generating responses to the environment’s demands from their resources. Research and intervention with adolescents require reliable instruments to assess decision-making. The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is an instrument that assesses decision-making styles and has been successfully validated in different cultural contexts. This study analysed the psychometric properties, construct validity (factorial, convergent, and discriminant), and predictive validity of the MDMQ in Colombian adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 822 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (Mage = 16.09, SD = 1.31, 33.7% girls), 410 from the regular school system (Mage = 15.50, SD = 1.29, 48.54% girls) and 412 adolescents from the Criminal Responsibility System (Mage = 16.6, SD = 1.04, 18.93% girls) participated. Decision-making styles, emotional intelligence, cognitive distortions, prosocial behaviour and antisocial behaviour were assessed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability, correlational and predictive analyses were performed. Results: The CFA showed satisfactory fit indices for the original model of four factors and 22 items. Sufficient reliability conditions were observed. The results indicated that rational decision-making (vigilance) is positively associated with emotional intelligence and influences prosocial behaviour. Negative decision-making styles are associated with cognitive distortions and influence antisocial behaviour. Conclusions: After analysing the psychometric properties, it is concluded that the MDMQ is a valid instrument to assess the decision-making styles of Colombian adolescents.
Archiving the Leftovers of Science
Authors: Volynskaya Alina
Published: June 2021

In this article, I focus on digital scientific archives which are made up of the leftovers of science, such as drafts, obsolete instruments, photographs, documentation, etc. The artifacts exhibited in such collections were neither meant to be representations, nor objects of gaze, but means used to achieve scientific results. As they lose functionality, they acquire aesthetic and historical value and emerge as clues, traces of past scientific practices and institutional histories. Therefore, the ways in which institutions situate these objects within the archive, the vocabularies and metadata they use, bear testimony on the manner they present and depict their past. How do the digital archives of the scientific institutions represent their histories? To address this question, I analyse the subject metadata of twenty-five institutional archives, turning them into objects of distant reading. Quantitative methods offer a way to discern the discursive frameworks that scientific institutions tend to adopt: Do they frame their collections as cultural heritage? represent them as corporate histories? emphasise technical specifications? scientific value? big names? A closer look at the metadata sets reveals that, in fact, these very different perspectives intermingle and clash with each other within the archive structures: the logic of heritage is juxtaposed with scientific classifications, institutional categories stand side by side with natural objects, and minority histories with celebrity narratives. Discussing this interplay of discourses, the article frames the digital archive of science as a specific mode of historical representation, which gives rise to a new (and still political) order of things.
The Diversity Paradox
Authors: Dahlgren Anna , Hansson Karin
Published: June 2021

At the core of museum practice is the notion of diversity. However, as this analysis of different types of metadata production shows, contradictory ideas and ideals pervade both metadata production among information specialists (i.e. archivists, metadata managers, curators working in the heritage institutions), and the systems for, and practices of, participatory metadata production. While the discourse on metadata standards is permeated by ideas of objectivity and interoperability the field is, in practice, far from coherent, being marked by a great variety as regards templates, formats and vocabularies. Conversely, the discourse on digital participation in the cultural heritage is permeated with notions of diversity, as means to increase democracy and support variety. In practice, however, the available crowdsourcing platforms are often formulaic offering few possibilities for the crowd to add individual interpretations and their own agenda. This analysis of the practice of producing descriptive metadata reveals the complex, multifaceted implications of notions of diversity for the cultural heritage. Diversity, meaning great variety, is then not solely a positive end in itself but can in fact hinder the distribution and linkability of information and thereby the creation and building of new knowledge. Likewise, participatory activities where heritage institutions reach out to the crowd do not automatically generate diversity as there is no direct correlation between the magnitude of the group and variability. To understand this complexity and acknowledge the, sometimes, contradictory demands and effects related to the notion and norms of diversity is at the core of the making and preservation of our cultural heritage.
Proper names between logos and praxis
Authors: Carvalhinhos Patricia , Santos Cezar Alexandre Néri
Published: June 2021

The editors’ target is much more than introducing the papers of this thematic issue to the reader. It can be considered a space devoted to discussing the Onomastics studies in Brazil, its status, and interdisciplinarity. Initially, we outline a tenuous sketch about interdisciplinarity and onomastic research in Brazil. We also discuss the terminological disagreements among researchers, in general, and among authors for this thematic issue, specifically – not a welcome scenario. Secondly, we revise the concepts related to interdisciplinarity, as multidisciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. In this review, we emphasize its application in onomastic studies in Brazil by presenting attempts to implement inter (or trans) disciplinary routines in research, quoting French and Canadian onomasticians. Finally, the last section introduces to the reader the papers that make up the thematic issue, inviting him to read the whole volume and to reflect on the discussed themes.
Onomastics and Law Interface
Authors: Amaral Eduardo Tadeu Roque
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics of a group of anthroponyms in order to point out some directions for studies of Brazilian anthroponymy. This article is based on theoretical assumptions of Onomastics and on the interface between this field of study and Law. The anthroponyms analyzed are civil name, social name, ballot name and parliamentary name. Data were collected from the Superior Electoral Court, the Chamber of Deputies and court decisions from tribunals. Recent Brazilian anthroponymy studies demonstrate that research on personal names relating linguistic and legal aspects is still incipient. This article provides some suggestions that could bridge such a gap by analyzing lexical or grammatical aspects of data originating from legal norms or judicial decisions.
Indianist anthroponymy in Alencar's corpus
Authors: Dias de Ávila Maria Virgínia , Novodvorski Ariel
Published: June 2021

Drawing from the perspective of Contextual Fictional Etymology, in this paper we analyze four Indianist anthroponyms, namely, Irapuã, Coatiabo, Maranguab and Abaeté, found in the works O Guarani, Iracema and Ubirajara by José de Alencar. For this purpose, we draw from the theoretical framework of Onomastics (DICK, 1999), Contextual Fictional Etymology (AUTOR, 2018), Lexicology (BIDERMAN, 2001; VILELA, 1995) and Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004, 2009; AUTOR, 2014). To extract the Indianist anthroponyms, we used the WordSmith Tools software (SCOTT, 2012) and some resources of the Genre/Historical version of Corpus do Português (DAVIES, 2006). We considered as Alencar’s anthroponymic etymons the indigenous names created by the author in his works. Towards this end, two criteria were considered: first, the words should not be part of exclusion dictionaries, which publication predates Alencar's works; second, the words should appear in the Corpus do Português (DAVIES, 2006) as having its first occurrence in texts written by Alencar. The creation of anthroponymic etymons by Alencar enabled him to attribute to the indigenous characters not only a name, but also the physical and/or psychological features intended by the author. Therefore, from the perspective of Contextual Fictional Etymology, the study of Alencar’s anthroponymies also entails some knowledge about the language possibilities and the author’s creativity, by means of a lexicon that enabled the expression of his ideals.
Undergraduate Researchers: Mentees and Mentors
Authors: Redifer Jenni L. , Strode Derick , Webb Cathleen
Published: June 2021

This article describes the tiered mentoring approach to undergraduate research at a regional comprehensive university. In addition to mentorship of undergraduate student researchers by faculty and graduate students, tiered mentoring includes high school student researchers. The high-impact practice of student research is particularly impactful at this institution, where 40% of first-year students are first-generation college students, and the campus houses a residential science, technology, engineering, and mathematics high school. The wide variety of opportunities for student research involvement, including opportunities for students to serve in both mentee and mentor roles, has contributed to tiered mentorship becoming a prominent component of our university culture. Strategies for beginning and expanding the involvement of high school students as researchers in postsecondary settings are discussed.
Relationship Between Species Composition of Butterflyfishes and Coral Cover (Study case: Taka Bonerate National Park)
Authors: Faricha Ana , Edrus Isa N. , Suharti Sasanti R. , Utama Rizkie S. , Budiyanto Agus , Salatalohi Abdullah , Suyarso Suyarso
Published: June 2021

The coral reef environment has a strong influence on associated organisms such as fishes, mollusks, and others. Wherein, the butterflyfishes are marine fishes which closely associated with the tropic group as dietary specialization i.e. obligate coral feeder, facultative, and generalist. The obligate may respond only to change in preferred corals and not indicate others. However, generalist show in different response in habitat deteriorates and may allow switching feeding to a less preferred one. Many questions remain about food specific at the species level which may potentially as bio-indicator for coral conditions. Here, we studied the species composition among coral coverage. We explore the environmental degradation in Taka Bonerate National Park impact on food resources and fishes especially for butterflyfishes community. This study focused on family Chaetodontidae with UVC method and UPT method for coral cover. This study was carried out at Taka Bonerate National Park, South Sulawesi between May and June 2019. There were 342 individuals observed and dominated by Chaetodon kleinii, Hemitaurichthys polylepis, Heniochus chrysostomus, C. lunulatus, C. melannotus, C punctatofasciatus, and Forcipiger flavissimus. However, we found a site with diversity index and coral cover has across conditions. Whilst, these benthic communities mostly dominated by Acropora, which may be preferenced by specific species. Butterflyfishes have several types of foraging tasks and may impact in utilizing the coral reef and other social habitats used. The species composition and abundance of butterflyfishes had relations not only by coral coverage but also benthic compositions. However, factors that regulate its specific species distribution and species compositions are still under study.
In silico analysis of glycosyltransferase 2 family genes in duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its role in salt stress tolerance
Authors: Jiang Mingliang , Wang Peng , Xu Ligang , Ye Xiuxu , Fan Hongxiang , Cheng Junxiang , Chen Jinting
Published: June 2021

Plant glycosyltransferase 2 (GT2) family genes are involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. However, the roles of GT2 genes in the abiotic resistance in freshwater plants are largely unknown. We identified seven GT2 genes in duckweed, remarkably more than those in the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Amborella trichopoda, Nymphaea tetragona, Persea americana, Zostera marina, and Ginkgo biloba, suggesting a significant expansion of this family in the duckweed genome. Phylogeny resolved the GT2 family into two major clades. Six duckweed genes formed an independent subclade in Clade I, and the other was clustered in Clade II. Gene structure and protein domain analysis showed that the lengths of the seven duckweed GT2 genes were varied, and the majority of GT2 genes harbored two conserved domains, PF04722.12 and PF00535.25. The expression of all Clade I duckweed GT2 genes was elevated at 0 h after salt treatment, suggesting a common role of these genes in rapid response to salt stress. The gene Sp01g00794 was highly expressed at 12 and 24 h after salt treatment, indicating its association with salt stress resilience. Overall, these results are essential for studies on the molecular mechanisms in stress response and resistance in aquatic plants.
Gamma frailty model for survival risk estimation: an application to cancer data
Authors: Krishna K. M. J. , Traison T. , Sebastian Sejil Mariya , George Preethi Sara , Mathew Aleyamma
Published: June 2021

Objectives: In time to event analysis, the risk for an event is usually estimated using Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. But CPH model has the limitation of biased estimate due to unobserved hidden heterogeneity among the covariates, which can be tackled using frailty models. The best models were usually being identified using Akaike information criteria (AIC). Apart from AIC, the present study aimed to assess predictability of risk models using survival concordance measure.

Methods: CPH model and frailty models were used to estimate the risk for breast cancer patient survival, and the frailty variable was assumed to follow gamma distribution. Schoenfeld global test was used to check the proportionality assumption. Survival concordance, AIC and simulation studies were used to identify the significance of frailty.

Results: From the univariate analysis it was observed that for the covariate age, the frailty has a significant role (θ = 2.758, p-value: 0.0004) and the corresponding hazard rate was 1.93 compared to that of 1.38 for CPH model (age > 50 vs. ≤ 40). Also the covariates radiotherapy and chemotherapy were found to be significant (θ = 5.944, p-value: <0.001 and θ = 16, p-value: <0.001 respectively). Even though there were only minor differences in hazard rates, the concordance was higher for frailty than CPH model for all the covariates. Further the simulation study showed that the bias and root mean square error (RMSE) obtained for both the methods was almost the same and the concordance measures were higher for frailty model by 12–15%.

Conclusions: We conclude that the frailty model is better compared to CPH model as it can account for unobserved random heterogeneity, and if the frailty coefficient doesn’t have an effect it gives exactly the same risk as that of CPH model and this has been established using survival concordance.
Iconicity ratings really do measure iconicity, and they open a new window onto the nature of language
Authors: Winter Bodo , Perlman Marcus
Published: June 2021

This paper reviews recent research using participant ratings to measure the iconicity (form-meaning resemblance) of words and signs. This method, by enabling wide coverage of lexical items and cross-linguistic comparison, has revealed systematic patterns in how iconicity is distributed across the vocabularies of different languages. These findings are consistent with established linguistic and psychological theory on iconicity, and they connect iconicity to factors like learning and acquisition, semantics, pragmatic aspects of language like playfulness, and to the semantic neighborhood density of words and signs. After taking stock of this research, we look critically at the construct validity of iconicity ratings, considering an alternative account of iconicity ratings recently put forward by Thompson, Arthur Lewis, Kimi Akita & Youngah Do. 2020a. Iconicity ratings across the Japanese lexicon: A comparative study with English. Linguistics Vanguard 6. 20190088. They propose that, for most vocabulary, participants might rate the iconicity of different words based on their meaning alone – specifically the degree to which it relates to the senses – independently of actual form-meaning resemblance. We argue that their hypothesis cannot account for many of the various, theory-driven results from this line of research, which strongly support the conclusion that the ratings really do measure iconicity.
Microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Guangui , Wang Kai , Jiang Zhao
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic and therapeutic implications of microvessel density (MVD) in the recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) in prostate cancer (PCa). As of April 2019, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct/Elsevier, MEDLINE, and CNKI are used for systematic literature retrieval to investigate the correlation between MVD and PCa. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager and Stata software. Combined hazard ratio (HR) was identified with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in a random or fixed effects model. Thirteen studies were identified in this article. Of which, 8 studies analyzed for the recurrence-free survival (2,399 patients) demonstrated that MVD significantly elevated in the poor recurrence-free survival (HR 2.57, 95% CI 2.21–2.97). Other 2 eligible studies (330 patients) with 3 data sets for the MVD-OS analysis and the pooled HR (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.27–2.28) suggested a weak risk of overall death rate in patients with high-MVD levels. The last 3 studies for disease-specific survival (220 patients) suggested that the association with high MVD and disease-specific survival may not have statistically significance (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.49–3.56). This study suggests that high intratumoral MVD appears a significant progenitor for poor recurrence-free survival of PCa.
Hosoya properties of the commuting graph associated with the group of symmetries
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rani Anam , Salman Muhammad , Noreen Tahira , Ali Usman
Published: June 2021

A vast amount of information about distance based graph invariants is contained in the Hosoya polynomial. Such an information is helpful to determine well-known distance based molecular descriptors. The Hosoya index orZ-index of a graphGis the total number of its matching. The Hosoya index is a prominent example of topological indices, which are of great interest in combinatorial chemistry, and later on it applies to address several chemical properties in molecular structures. In this article, we investigate Hosoya properties (Hosoya polynomial, reciprocal Hosoya polynomial and Hosoya index) of the commuting graph associated with an algebraic structure developed by the symmetries of regular molecular gones (constructed by atoms with regular atomic-bonding).
Using the Church to maximize the potential of learners with special needs
Authors: Obiakor Gina C. , Obiakor Kristen E. , Obiakor Festus E. , Jones Kevin
Published: June 2021

Learners with special needs experience myriad problems in general and special education. These problems range from minor academic, social, emotional, and behavioral problems to major disenfranchisements, disadvantages, and disillusionments. In addition, these problems can be very intense. As a result, they call for innovative and creative techniques that include using the Church as a spiritual tool in educational activities. As educators and health professionals who are also Christians, we believe using the Church can assist in remediating the plights of these learners with special needs and in maximizing their fullest potential in school and in life. This is the focus of this article.
Unmixing octopus camouflage by multispectral mapping of Octopus bimaculoides’ chromatic elements
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Levy Guy , Matzeu Giusy , Finkelstein Joshua M. , Levin Michael , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: June 2021

Cephalopods camouflage abilities arise from highly specialized chromatic elements in their skin, chromatophores, iridophores, and leucophores, that enable them to display complex and rapidly changing color patterns. Despite the extensive study of these chromatic elements in squid and cuttlefish, full characterization of their individual optical response is still elusive in the Octopus species. We present here detailed multispectral analysis and mapping of the Octopus bimaculoides skin that allows to precisely identify the spatial distribution of the animal’s pigmented and structural elements. The mutual interaction of chromatophores and iridophores is also characterized both in terms of spectral response and spatial localization. The spectral information obtained through this analysis helps to understand the complexity and behavior of these natural tissues while continuing to serve as an inspiration for the fabrication of advanced, chromatically adaptable materials.
Synthesis and crystal structure of di-tert-butyl 1″-acetyl-2,2″,9′-trioxo-4a′,9a′-dihydro-1′H,3′H,9′H-dispiro[indoline-3,2′-xanthene-4′,3″-indoline]-1,3′-dicarboxylate, C39H38N2O9
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Liu Xiong-Li , Li Xiao-Peng , Zheng Hao-Nan , Weng A-Tong , Feng Ling-Ying , Liu Lu
Published: June 2021

C39H38N2O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.9846(6) Å, b = 31.4308(13) Å, c = 11.5739(6) Å, β = 110.712(7)°, V = 3397.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0596, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1221, T = 293 K.
Health and exposure risk assessment of heavy metals in rainwater samples from selected locations in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Omokpariola Daniel Omeodisemi , Omokpariola Patrick Leonard
Published: June 2021

Rainwater has being getting popularity in use due to lack of portable water sources in Nigeria. The study seeks to evaluate the health and exposure risk assessment of heavy metals from the usage of rainwater from inhabitants of four oil producing area of Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 32 rainwater samples were collected from different sampling surfaces (ambient, zinc, aluminium, asbestos and stone-coated) to analyse for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrophotometer. Analysed concentration (mg/L) showed varying results across different sampling surfaces converted to average concentration (mg/kg) was below WHO/FAO recommended guideline with no issue associated. Health and Exposure risk assessment were performed on analysed results from rainwater samples as non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that HI value is less than 1.0 indicating no risk to population who consumes rainwater across different roofing surfaces in Rivers state. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that chromium-VI were found to be the highest contributor to cancer risk across all sampling surfaces. Special treatment and regulations should be taken into consideration especially on stone-coated roof before administering to children, as they are prone to health issues due to developing immunity compared to adults.
Experimental investigation of ternary mixture of diclofenac sodium with pharmaceutical excipients
Authors: Fayrouz Djellouli , Abdallah Dahmani , Aicha Hassani
Published: June 2021

The goal of this work was the study of drug-excipient interactions of ternary mixtures between diclofenac sodium when introduced with excipients commonly explored in solid dosage formulas such as microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid obtained by three methods. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structural characterization technique of diffraction (XRPD) were used to investigate the characterization and potential physical and chemical interactions of solid products of diclofenac sodium with excipients prepared by different methods. This work revealed a possible interaction between diclofenac sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, and stearic acid in mixture prepared by microwave irradiation also; it was found compatibility for ternary mixtures prepared by physical mixture and co evaporation methods. Results of this study can be useful in the development of the method of preparation and select adequate excipients with suitable compatibility.
Negative Liquidationspräferenzen oder: Weniger ist mehr
Authors: Kuntz Thilo , Engelhardt Janosch
Published: June 2021

Herkömmliche Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsprogramme gehen bei Wachstumsunternehmen für die Begünstigten mit unerwünschten steuerlichen Konsequenzen einher. Während für die jungen Unternehmen mangels ausreichender Liquidität häufig nur eine zumindest partiell auf Beteiligung an der Gesellschaft beruhende Vergütung ihrer Arbeitnehmer in Betracht kommt, laufen die begünstigten Personen Gefahr, wirtschaftlich schlechter zu stehen als bei reiner Barvergütung. Für „Start-Ups“ und andere Wachstumsunternehmen wird es dadurch umso schwieriger, qualifizierte Fachkräfte zu gewinnen. Im Vereinigten Königreich können Mitarbeiter dank sogenannter growth shares am unternehmerischen Erfolg partizipieren, ohne dass aus dem Bezug der Anteile ein steuerwirksamer Mittelzufluss entsteht. Der Beitrag beleuchtet zunächst die einkommensteuerrechtliche Ausgangslage aus Mitarbeiterperspektive und unterzieht insbesondere den zum 1. Juli 2021 in Kraft tretenden § 19a EStG n.F. einer kritischen Würdigung. Sodann geht er der Frage nach, ob der britische Ansatz durch die Implementierung „negativer Liquidationspräferenzen“ unter den Voraussetzungen des deutschen Steuer- und Kapitalgesellschaftsrechts nachgebildet werden kann. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den spezifischen Regulierungsproblemen der Finanzierung von Wachstumsunternehmen, insbesondere im Venture Capital-Bereich. Als Gestaltungsmittel erfahren sowohl die Satzung als auch schuldvertragliche Verteilungsabreden nähere Berücksichtigung.
Images et société à Reichenau, vers l’an mil : les peintures d’Oberzell et les manuscrits apparentés
Authors: Franzé Barbara
Published: June 2021

The iconography of the wall paintings of the church of Saint George at Oberzell on Reichenau Island, specimens of Pre-Romanesque frescoes variously dated between the end of the ninth century and around the year 1000, and its underlying program remain contested, if not elusive. An exegetical reading of the eight scenes chosen to decorate the walls of the church, however, gives a unitary, programmatic meaning to the décor: an image of the Ecclesia, of the society of the faithful, the decoration enhances the priesthood and recalls its necessary intermediation in the access to salvation. These are the same intentions which shape the illuminated manuscripts of the Liuthar group, especially the Bamberg Collection (Msc. Bibl. 22). As conceived by the Benedictine monks of Reichenau, the project of an ecclesiastical society as propagated in the murals is similar to that promoted shortly before the year 1000 by Cluny and Fleury.
Poética visceral: feminismo negro, afectos y emociones en la obra de Victoria Santa Cruz
Authors: Zuluaga Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

El artículo presenta en primera instancia un panorama del giro afectivo, sus antecedentes, algunas de sus premisas fundamentales y sus principales desarrollos. Posteriormente, se reflexiona en torno a las particularidades del feminismo negro y sus potencialidades para la deconstrucción del sistema patriarcal y el orden social racializado. El núcleo del artículo intenta un análisis fenomenológico de la experiencia y la obra de la artista afroperuana Victoria Santa Cruz en clave afectiva. Entre las conclusiones se destaca el importante papel de las emociones en la construcción y definición de las identidades/subjetividades negras, así como su relación con el sistema de representación colonial y la economía de los afectos. Por otro lado, se devela la importancia de las emociones en los procesos emancipatorios y en la construcción de solidaridades, haciendo de estas una dimensión relevante para la actitud y el activismo político desde la producción cultural.
RHETORIC AND POETICS OF DOSTOEVSKY’S PUSHKIN SPEECH
Authors: Litinskaya Evgeniya
Published: June 2021

The article examines the F. M. Dostoevsky’s Pushkin's Speech in the context of modern studies of the way ancient heritage was reflected in the writer's work. The analysis of the speech was carried out in the categories of rhetorical poetics. The author proves that the speech is structured according to the rules of epideictic eloquence, with a pronounced emotional component characteristic of Christian preaching. The author identifies established stylistic figures, the use of which is always justified: repetition, parallelism, gradation, amplification, polyphonic forms, period, allusion, irony. Rhetoric is translated into poetics. Pushkin's characters (Aleko and Onegin, Tatiana, Pimen) become images with apparent features of both Christian culture and antiquity. Evangelical motifs and images, allusions to antiquity, concepts of Orthodox and ancient culture are integrated in a journalistic form. Christ and Pushkin are connected figuratively in poetics and rhetoric of the speech. Dostoevsky creates a portrait of the Russian poet, his image, and it is no accident that the "speech" is called an essay by its author.
Reduction of Task Queue Execution Time in GRID-systems with Inalienable Resources
Authors:   State University «Zhytomyr Politechnika», Uzdenov T.A.
Published: June 2021

Наведено математичну постановку задачі диспетчеризації потоків завдань в GRID-сис­темах з невідчужуваними ресурсами з врахуванням потужності вузла та потужності за­дачі як ключових факторів, що впливають на продуктивність системи. Проведено порівняння часу виконання черги завдань при розподілі методами FSA (Flow Scheduling Algorithm), FSA_P(Flow Scheduling Algorithm Parallel) та FCFS(First Come First Serve). Описано клієнт-серверну архітектурну модель побудови про­грам­ного забезпечення для розподілених обчислень та задач, які потребують великої обчислювальної потужності системи. Обґрунтовано доцільність порівняння ефективнос­ті запропонованих методів з загальновідомим методом FCFS, який зазвичай використо­вується у GRID-системах. Подано результати тестування, яке засвідчило, що запропоно­вані методи дають кращий результат, ніж FCFS.