bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of nitrous oxide production from ammonia oxidation in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific
Authors: Frey Claudia , Sun Xin , Szemberski Laura , Casciotti Karen L. , Garcia‐Robledo Emilio , Jayakumar Amal , Kelly Colette L. , Lehmann Moritz F. , Ward Bess B.
Published: December 2022

Marine oxygen‐deficient zones represent a natural source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone‐depleting agent. To investigate controls on N2O production, the responses of ammonia oxidation (AO) to nitrite () and N2O with respect to oxygen (O2), ammonium () and concentrations were evaluated using tracer incubations in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. Within the oxycline, additions of and O2stimulated N2O production according to Michaelis–Menten kinetics, indicating that both substrates were limiting, and that N2O production, even if the exact mechanisms remain uncertain, is mediated by predictable kinetics. Low half‐saturation constants for (12–28 nM) and O2(460 ± 130 nM) during N2O production indicate that AO communities are well adapted to low concentrations of both substrates. Hybrid N2O formation (i.e., from one and one unlabeled nitrogen (N) source, e.g., , NO) accounted for ~ 90% of the N2O production from and was robust across the different O2, , and conditions. Lack of response to variable substrate concentrations implies that the unlabeled N source was not limiting for N2O production. Although both O2and were key modulators of N2O production rates, N2O yield (N2O produced per produced) seemed to be controlled solely by O2. The N2O yield increased when O2concentrations dropped below the half‐saturation concentration for AO to (< 1.4 μM), the range where production decreased faster than N2O production. Our study shows that O2control on N2O yield from AO is robust across stations and depths.
Merits matter: A new perspective on multifaceted pride and its effects on conspicuous consumption
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Park Kiwan
Published: December 2022

In the present research, we propose a new perspective on multifaceted pride based on merits of achievements. We define merited pride as the feeling of accomplishment resulting from achievements one believes primarily resulted from internal factors, and unmerited pride as a similar feeling resulting from achievements one believes primarily resulted from external factors. We examine how these newly proposed facets of pride differentially affect conspicuous consumption. We propose, and three studies confirm, that individuals with unmerited (vs. merited) pride show a higher propensity for conspicuous consumption. Furthermore, we identify the need for signaling status as a psychological mechanism underlying the effect of pride on conspicuous consumption. Finally, we find that the proposed effect is more pronounced when the achievements are framed as nonfailure rather than as success. The current research contributes to the literature by supporting our new perspective on multifaceted pride and demonstrating the link between the newly proposed facets of pride and conspicuous consumption. Our findings have practical implications with regard to the design of advertising messages for luxury products and consumer education programs for people who are addicted to conspicuous consumption.
Climatological characteristics of nocturnal eastward‐propagating diurnal precipitation peak over South India during summer monsoon: Role of monsoon low‐level circulation and gravity waves
Authors: Konduru Rakesh Teja , Matsumoto Jun , Yokoi Satoru , Mori Shuichi
Published: December 2022

This study explores the climatological diurnal cycle of precipitation during the summer monsoon season over southeast India using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3G68 precipitation product from 2000 to 2014. The primary area of focus is the leeward side of the Western Ghats. We found that the climatological diurnal cycle over this area exhibits a bimodal peak with an afternoon/evening peak near the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and a nocturnal peak near the southeast coast. This nocturnal peak near the southeast coast propagated offshore in the eastward direction with a phase speed of 18–20 m s−1 and attained an offshore peak in the late night/early morning. The afternoon diurnal peak is associated with daytime convection and propagates eastward over southeast India. The nocturnal peak is due to the convergence of intensified monsoon low‐level westerly winds along the land–sea boundary over the leeward side and supports the nocturnal diurnal peak to cross the coast at late night. The eastward‐propagating gravity waves support further eastward offshore propagation of nocturnal diurnal precipitation patterns. Altogether, the leeward‐side climatological diurnal peaks and diurnal variability in southeast India are controlled by complex precipitation types and their formation mechanisms due to monsoon low‐level westerly winds and gravity waves.
Approximation of Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator for problems of diffraction by planar obstacles covered with thin dielectric multilayers
Authors: Alliti Bachir , Laadj Toufik , M'hamed‐messaoud Khaled
Published: December 2022

We are interested in diffraction problems of an electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting planar obstacle coated with thin multilayers of dielectric materials. The aim is to obtain boundary condition that replaces the effect of dielectric thin layers. This condition is constructed from an approximation of the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator. In this paper, we analyze the construction and the approximation of this operator.
Antidepressant‐like effects of geniposide in chronic unpredictable mild stress‐induced mice by regulating the circ_0008405/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 networks
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Qian , Yan Yuzhu , Wang Xinbo , Shao Yin , Mei Cheng , Zou Tianyu
Published: December 2022

Evidence exists suggesting the anti‐depressive activities of geniposide (GP), a major compound in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Accordingly, the present study attempts to explore the anti‐depressive mechanism of GP in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)‐induced depression‐like behaviors of mice. CUMS‐induced mice were given GP daily and subjected to behavioral tests to observe the effect of GP on the depression‐like behaviors. It was noted that GP administration reduced depression‐like behaviors in CUMS mice. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted in three control and three CUMS mice. Differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were then screened by bioinformatics analyses. Intersection analysis of the transcriptome sequencing results with the bioinformatics analysis results was followed to identify the candidate targets. We found that Gata2 alleviated depression‐like behaviors via the metabolism‐ and synapse‐related pathways. Gata2 was a target of miR‐25‐3p, which had binding sites to circ_0008405 and Oip5os1. circ_0008405 and Oip5os1 competitively bound to miR‐25‐3p to release the expression of Gata2. GP administration ameliorated depression‐like behaviors in CUMS mice through regulation of the circ_0008405/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 crosstalk networks. Taken together, GP may exert a potential antidepressant‐like effect on CUMS mice, which is ascribed to regulation of the circ_0008405/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR‐25‐3p/Gata2 crosstalk networks.
City reputation and the role of sustainability in cities
Authors: Pérez‐Cornejo Clara , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Pablo , de Quevedo‐Puente Esther
Published: December 2022

City reputation is a valuable intangible asset that boosts the attractiveness of a city in terms of resources, events, tourism, or as a place of residence. Since city sustainability is understood as the framework of a city's economic activities conducted within the carrying capacity of the local environment to the benefit of the local population, it may help to satisfy city stakeholders' expectations over time; in other words, to enhance city reputation. Our results from Tobit analyses, based on an international sample of 62 cities between 2015 and 2018, confirm that city sustainability is a determinant of city reputation. Specifically, this study shows that the level of environmental, social, and economic sustainability affects positively city reputation. Our results are of interest to local authorities, as they indicate the relevance of efforts to consolidate city sustainability in order to build a good city reputation.
Antiviral Effect of Saffron Compounds on the GP120 of HIV‐1: an In Silico Study
Authors: Sabzian‐Molaei Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyedrafi , Bolhassani Azam , Eskandari Vahid , Norouzi Saeed , Hadi Amin
Published: December 2022

Since most anti‐HIV‐1 drugs must penetrate host cells to prevent viral replication, developing viral inhibitors as drugs is essential because they inactivate viruses before binding to host cells. gp120 HIV‐1 surface glycoprotein, which has a role in the first stages of HIV‐1 infection and entrance of the virus to the cell, is one of the proper molecules for targeted therapy. The phenylalanine‐43 cavity located protectively between the inner and outer domains of gp120 of several virus variants has been an attractive medical target for its interaction with CD4. Contrary to industrial drugs, saffron‘s bioactivity has recently been noticed due to its bio‐accessibility and bioavailability, low toxicity, and ease of production. Due to its carotenoid content, this study examined, for the first time, the main components of saffron (Crocin, Picrocrocin, Safranal and Crocetin) for their ability to inhibit viral‐cellular membrane fusion and inactivate cell‐free HIV‐1.The dockings were performed using Autodock Vina Software to study the interactions between the saffron compounds mentioned above with gp120 and CD4 separately. Hence, the dockings were done using Autodock Vina software. The results showed that Crocin and Picrocrocin compounds attach to the protected Phe43 Cavity and Asp368, Trp427, and Ile371 (binding site) of gp120. To confirm the stability, the best complexes of docking were studied using molecular dynamic simulation (via Gromacs 2020.2). It was observed that Crocin keeps its attachment for 100 ns of the simulation, but Picrocrocin detaches. In the end, the binding affinity of Crocin and gp120 was calculated in the 100 snapshots of the last 10 ns of simulations using PRODIGY, which was −10.3 kcal/mol. Finally, Crocin was suggested as a treatment for AIDS. Based on our atomic‐level studies, we have determined that Crocin can stably bind to gp120 but not to human CD4+ T cells in the absence of HIV‐1.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Metalloboranes with General Formula Cp*3(μ‐H)M3B8H8 (M=Cr, Mo and W): The Effect of the Size of the Metal
Authors: Treto‐Suárez Manuel A. , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo
Published: December 2022

A family of Metalloborane of general formula Cp*3(μ‐H)M3B8H8 changing the metals M by Cr, Mo, and W, were theoretically studied via Density Functional Theory (DFT) incorporating the relativistic scalar (Scal) and spin‐orbit (SO) corrections. All the calculations agree with the experimental reports of the compound Cp*3(μ‐H)W3B8H8 and allowed us to describe the molecular and electronic structures of this family of Metalloborane. The electronic properties were modeled using reactivity indexes, Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) indexes, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), and other methods showing that the metallic core is aromatic. The spectroscopic properties were also studied via Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD‐DFT) showing a variation in the UV‐Vis spectra as the metallic atoms were changed. The most intense transitions are centered mainly over the metalloboranes cage with a decrease of the wavelengths as the metallic core gets bigger due to the increase of the HOMO‐LUMO gap. The Cp*‐Metalloborane core and the H‐Metalloborane core interactions were studied via the Morokuma‐Ziegler decomposition scheme, showing that the electrostatic interaction plays the most important role in the stabilization energy of the Cp*‐Metalloborane core. All our results suggest that the compound a (Cp*3(μ‐H)Cr3B8H8) and b (Cp*3(μ‐H)Mo3B8H8) will display similar properties to compound c (Cp*3(μ‐H)W3B8H8) and all of them are expected to have interesting properties.
Metal‐Based Nanozymes with Multienzyme‐Like Activities as Therapeutic Candidates: Applications, Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategy
Authors: Li Dan , Dai Danni , Xiong Gege , Lan Shuquan , Zhang Chao
Published: December 2022

Most nanozymes in development for medical applications only exhibit single‐enzyme‐like activity, and are thus limited by insufficient catalytic activity and dysfunctionality in complex pathological microenvironments. To overcome the impediments of limited substrate availabilities and concentrations, some metal‐based nanozymes may mimic two or more activities of natural enzymes to catalyze cascade reactions or to catalyze multiple substrates simultaneously, thereby amplifying catalysis. Metal‐based nanozymes with multienzyme‐like activities (MNMs) may adapt to dissimilar catalytic conditions to exert different enzyme‐like effects. These multienzyme‐like activities can synergize to realize “self‐provision of the substrate,” in which upstream catalysts produce substrates for downstream catalytic reactions to overcome the limitation of insufficient substrates in the microenvironment. Consequently, MNMs exert more potent antitumor, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory effects in preclinical models. This review summarizes the cellular effects and underlying mechanisms of MNMs. Their potential medical utility and optimization strategy from the perspective of clinical requirements are also discussed, with the aim to provide a theoretical reference for the design, development, and therapeutic application of their catalytic effects.
Ligands in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Sun Wenda , Yun Rui , Liu Yuling , Zhang Xiaodan , Yuan Mingjian , Zhang Libing , Li Xiyan
Published: December 2022

Ligands are indispensable for perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) throughout the whole lifetime, as they not only play key roles in the controllable synthesis of NCs with different sizes and shapes, but also act as capping shell that affects optical properties and electrical coupling of NCs. Establishing a systematic understanding of the relationship between ligands and perovskite NCs is significant to enable many potential applications of NCs. This review mainly focuses on the influence of ligands on perovskite NCs. First of all, the ligands‐dominated size and shape control of NCs is discussed. Whereafter, the surface defects of NCs and the bonding between ligands and perovskite NCs are classified, and corresponding post‐treatment of surface defects via ligands is also summarized. Furthermore, advances in engineering the ligands towards the high performance of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite NCs, including photodetector, solar cell, light emitting diode (LED), and laser, and finally to potential challenges are also discussed.
Seismic analysis and connection optimization of the side column on modular prefabricated four‐sided connected composite shear wall
Authors: Ou Tong , Mei Can , Mao Jihua , Wang Dayang
Published: December 2022

A modular prefabricated four‐side connected composite (MPFC) shear wall that consists of a composite shear wall modular (CSWM) and steel frame boundary elements is proposed. First, the finite element model (FEM) of the MPFC shear wall, which considers a plastic‐damage constitutive model of both concrete and steel materials, is established based on the finite‐element software ABAQUS. Second, the FEM accuracy of the MPFC shear wall is verified by the experimental results of a modular prefabricated two‐sided connected buckling‐restrained (MTB) steel plate shear wall. Third, the seismic performance of the MPFC shear wall is investigated based on the verified FEM. The connection between the CSWM and side column is optimized. Finally, the initial stiffness calculation formula of the MPFC shear wall that considers the impact of that the thickness ratio between the connection steel plate (CSP) and inner steel plate (ISP) is deduced. The results show that the peak bearing capacity, initial stiffness, total energy, and total strain energy of the MPFC shear wall increased by 42.47%, 44.81%, 113.24%, and 58.97%, respectively, compared with those of the MTB steel plate shear wall. The compressive corner damage of the reinforcement concrete faceplate (RCF) of the MPFC shear wall with a side column and CSWM is connected by a middle steel plate is effectively improved. Compared with those of the MPFC shear wall in which the side column and CSWM are connected by bolts, the shearing force, axial force, and bending moment of the side column of the MPFC shear wall in which the side column and CSWM are connected by the middle steel plate are notably decreased by 25.32%, 26.08%, and 39.51%, respectively. The FEM results are compared with the formula calculation results to establish its accuracy in calculating the initial stiffness of the MPFC shear wall.
The influencing factors of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Guiming , Zhou Yuan , Chen Rui , Wang Daoqi , Zhou Shumin , Zhong Jiao , Zhao Yuan , Wan Chuanping , Yang Bin , Xu Jinming , Geng Erkang , Li Guoxiong , Huang Yunfeng , Liu Haoran , Liu Jianhe
Published: December 2022

Infection is the most common complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in treating urinary calculi. However, the risk factors for developing infectious complications after surgery have not been clarified, and the predictive value of some factors is controversial. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for postoperative infectious complications of PCNL. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to obtain studies reporting risk factors for postoperative infection complications after PCNL. In this review, demographic factors, laboratory test factors, and perioperative factors were evaluated. The odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the risk factors. A total of 18 studies were included, with a total of 7161 study patients with a mean age of 46.4 to 55.5 years and an incidence of infectious complications after PCNL ranging from 2.4% to 40.4%. Twelve factors were identified as independent risk factors for post-PCNL infection complications (P < 0.05), female (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.23–2.07), positive urine culture (UC) (OR = 3.16, 95% CI 2.11–4.74), positive renal pelvis urine culture (RPUC) (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 1.75–19.32), positive stone culture (SC) (OR = 5.11, 95% CI 1.46–17.89), positive urine leukocyte (OR = 3.61, 95% CI 2.45–5.34), infected stones (OR = 7.00, 95% CI 1.27–38.55), elevated blood leukocyte (MD = 0.71, 95% CI 0.31–1.10), elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (MD = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.66), preoperative stenting (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.10–2.20), multiple puncture access (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.75–3.82), prolonged operative time (MD = 10 20, 95% CI 4.80–15.60), and postoperative residual stone (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.24–1.98). Female, UC positivity, RPUC positivity, SC positivity, urine leukocyte positivity, infected stones, elevated peripheral blood leukocytes, elevated NLR, preoperative stent implantation, multiple puncture channels, prolonged operation time, and postoperative residual stones were identified as independent risk factors for infection complications after PCNL.
Refocusing cancer supportive care: a framework for integrated cancer care
Authors: Krishnasamy Meinir , Hyatt Amelia , Chung Holly , Gough Karla , Fitch Margaret
Published: December 2022

Objective

Cancer supportive care comprises an integrative field of multidisciplinary services necessary for people affected by cancer to manage the impact of their disease and treatment and achieve optimal health outcomes. The concept of supportive care, largely driven by Margaret Fitch’s seminal supportive care framework, was developed with the intent to provide health service planners with a conceptual platform to plan and deliver services. However, over time, this concept has been eroded, impacting implementation and practice of supportive care. This study therefore aimed to examine expert contemporary views of supportive care with the view to refocusing the definition and conceptual framework of cancer supportive care to enhance relevance to present-day cancer care.

Methods

A two-round online modified reactive Delphi survey was employed to achieve consensus regarding terminology to develop a contemporary conceptual framework. A listing of relevant cancer supportive care terms identified through a scoping review were presented for assessment by experts. Terms that achieved ≥ 75% expert agreement as ‘necessary’ were then assessed using Theory of Change (ToC) to develop consensus statements and a conceptual framework.

Results

A total of 55 experts in cancer control with experience in developing, advising on, delivering, or receiving supportive care in cancer took part in the Delphi surveys. Expert consensus assessed current terminology via Delphi round 1, with 124 terms deemed relevant and ‘necessary’ per pre-specified criteria. ToC was applied to consensus terms to develop three key statements of definition, and a comprehensive conceptual framework, which were presented for expert consensus review in Delphi round 2.

Conclusion

Finalised definitions and conceptual framework are strongly aligned with relevant international policy and advocacy documents, and strengthen focus on early identification, timely intervention, multidisciplinary collaboration, and end-to-end, cross-sector, cancer supportive care.
On the use of domain knowledge for process model repair
Authors: Revoredo Kate
Published: December 2022

Process models are important for supporting organizations in documenting, understanding and monitoring their business. When these process models become outdated, they need to be revised to accurately describe the new status quo of the processes in the organization. Process model repair techniques help at automatically revising the existing model from behavior traced in event logs. So far, such techniques have focused on identifying which parts of the model to change and how to change them, but they do not use knowledge from practitioners to inform the revision. As a consequence, fragments of the model may change in a way that defies existing regulations or represents outdated information that was wrongly considered from the event log. This paper uses concepts from theory revision to provide formal foundations for process model repair that exploits domain knowledge. Specifically, it conceptualizes (1) what are unchangeable fragments in the model and (2) the role that various traces in the event log should play when it comes to model repair. A scenario of use is presented that demonstrates the benefits of this conceptualization. The current state of existing process model repair techniques is compared against the proposed concepts. The results show that only two existing techniques partially consider the concepts presented in this paper for model repair.
Heterologous expression and functional characterization of Drosophila suzukii OR69a transcript variants unveiled response to kairomones and to a candidate pheromone
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto Maria , Witzgall Peter , Kwadha Charles A. , Becher Paul G. , Walker William B.
Published: December 2022

Drosophila suzukii is a main pest of berries on all continents. Population control relies on insecticides and a current research challenge is to develop alternative strategies. Methods based on behavior-modifying semiochemicals are widely used against other horticultural insects, and the functional characterization of chemoreceptors facilitates the identification of active compounds. Following heterologous expression of single olfactory receptors (ORs) in ab3A olfactory sensory neurons of D. melanogaster, we screened three transcript variants from the OR69a-locus (DsuzOR69aA, DsuzOR69aB, DsuzOR69aC), demonstrating binding to two possible kairomones (3-octanol and R-carvone) and to a possible fly-emitted volatile compound [(Z)-4-nonenal], although with different pharmacological qualities. By coupling Gas Chromatography to SSR (GC-SSR), these ligands enhanced ab3A-spiking at nanogram-aliquots in a complementary fashion among the different OR69a-variants, and we identified another possible kairomone, methyl salicylate, as the most active and specific ligand for the sole DsuzOR69aB. In testing headspaces collected from D. suzukii females and from the fly-associated yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum we did not observe activation from female headspaces but activation from yeast headspaces. In situ hybridization analysis on D. suzukii antennae suggests unique expression of OR69a-subunits in specific neurons, and points toward co-expression within the same neurons. The OR69a-subunits of D. suzukii constitute cation channels, which binding suggests kairomone specificity, even if effects coexist for a complementary binding of (Z)-4-nonenal. Methyl salicylate is the most active ligand and is specific to the sole DsuzOR69aB, inspiring future investigation to validate potentials of this compound for D. suzukii control strategies.
Improved Selectivity in 7 T Digit Mapping Using VASO-CBV
Authors: de Oliveira Ícaro A. F. , Siero Jeroen C. W. , Dumoulin Serge O. , van der Zwaag Wietske
Published: December 2022

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at Ultra-high field (UHF, ≥ 7 T) benefits from significant gains in the BOLD contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) compared to conventional field strengths (3 T). Although these improvements enabled researchers to study the human brain to unprecedented spatial resolution, the blood pooling effect reduces the spatial specificity of the widely-used gradient-echo BOLD acquisitions. In this context, vascular space occupancy (VASO-CBV) imaging may be advantageous since it is proposed to have a higher spatial specificity than BOLD. We hypothesized that the assumed higher specificity of VASO-CBV imaging would translate to reduced overlap in fine-scale digit representation maps compared to BOLD-based digit maps. We used sub-millimeter resolution VASO fMRI at 7 T to map VASO-CBV and BOLD responses simultaneously in the motor and somatosensory cortices during individual finger movement tasks. We assessed the cortical overlap in different ways, first by calculating similarity coefficient metrics (DICE and Jaccard) and second by calculating selectivity measures. In addition, we demonstrate a consistent topographical organization of the targeted digit representations (thumb-index-little finger) in the motor areas. We show that the VASO-CBV responses yielded less overlap between the digit clusters than BOLD, and other selectivity measures were higher for VASO-CBV too. In summary, these results were consistent across metrics and participants, confirming the higher spatial specificity of VASO-CBV compared to BOLD.
The Use of Children as a Tactic of Intimate Partner Violence and its Impact on Survivors’ Mental Health and Well-being Over Time
Authors: Sullivan Cris M. , Sprecher Mackenzie , Guerrero Mayra , Fernandez Aileen , Simmons Cortney
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This is the first study to longitudinally examine the mental health and well-being impacts on survivors when their abusive partners and ex-partners use their children as an abuse tactic against them.

Methods

The sample included two hundred seventy-seven homeless or unstably housed survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). All were mothers of minor children. Participants were interviewed shortly after seeking services and again at 6-months, 12-months, 18-months, and 24-months. They were asked about abuse they had experienced in the past six months, including the ways children were used as a form of IPV. They were also asked about their current depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, as well as quality of life.

Results

Many of the participants reported their abusive partners and ex-partners had used their children as a form of IPV to control or hurt them. Further, after controlling for other forms of abuse, use of the children significantly predicted increased anxiety, PTSD symptoms, and quality of life (but not depression) over time.

Conclusion

It is important to recognize the widespread use of children as a common and injurious form of IPV, and its impact on the mental health and well-being of survivors.
A Trilaminar-Thermosensitive Hydrogel Catalytic Reactor Capable of Single/Tandem Catalytic Switchable Ability
Authors: Pu Lei , Luo Gang , Zhu Maiyong , Shen Xiaojuan , Wei Wenjing , Li Songjun
Published: December 2022

The present endeavor is to develop a highly-intelligent catalytic reactor prototype which is able to autonomously adapt to the environment and provides an in-situ double-shift catalytic ability. By seeking inspiration from nature, this objective is achieved by developing a self-adaptive hydrogel catalytic reactor which held a catalytic trilaminar structure capable of reverse thermosensitive properties. With increasing temperatures, the catalytic tri-layers of this catalytic reactor would function in a sequential way (i.e., one negative temperature response layer, one support layer and one positive temperature response layer) and as a result, led to the single-tandem double-shift catalytic ability. This catalytic reactor individually presented single/tandem catalytic process at relatively low temperatures or high temperatures through the cooperative work of the three layers. In this way, this catalytic reactor showed the single-tandem controllable catalytic ability. The novel protocol not only provides a new solution to complicated catalytic processes but also inspires the further application of smart polymers in a broader spectrum of areas.
The Emergence of Habitual Ochre Use in Africa and its Significance for The Development of Ritual Behavior During The Middle Stone Age
Authors: Dapschauskas Rimtautas , Göden Matthias B. , Sommer Christian , Kandel Andrew W.
Published: December 2022

Over the last two decades, red ochre has played a pivotal role in discussions about the cognitive and cultural evolution of early modern humans during the African Middle Stone Age. Given the importance of ochre for the scholarly debate about the emergence of ‘behavioral modernity’, the lack of long-term spatio-temporal analyses spanning large geographical areas represents a significant gap in knowledge. Here we take a continent-wide approach, rather than focusing on specific sites, regions or technocomplexes. We report the most comprehensive meta-analysis of ochre use to date, spanning Africa between 500 and 40 thousand years ago, to examine data from more than a hundred archaeological sites. Using methods based on time averaging, we identified three distinct phases of ochre use: the initial phase occurred from 500,000 to 330,000; the emergent phase from 330,000 to 160,000; and the habitual phase from 160,000 to 40,000 years ago. The number of sites with ochre increased with each subsequent phase. More importantly, the ratio of sites with ochre compared to those with only stone artifacts also followed this trend, indicating the increasing intensity of ochre use during the Middle Stone Age. While the geographical distribution expanded with time, the absolute number of ochre finds grew significantly as well, underlining the intensification of ochre use. We determine that ochre use established itself as a habitual cultural practice in southern, eastern and northern Africa starting about 160,000 years ago, when a third of archaeological sites contain ochre. We argue that this pattern is a likely material manifestation of intensifying ritual activity in early populations ofHomo sapiens. Such ritual behavior may have facilitated the demographic expansion of early modern humans, first within and eventually beyond the African continent. We discuss the implications of our findings on two models of ritual evolution, theFemale Cosmetic Coalitions Hypothesisand theEcological Stress Hypothesis,as well as a model about the emergence of complex cultural capacities, theEight-Grade Model for the Evolution and Expansion of Cultural Capacities.
From philosophical traditions to scientific developments: reconsidering the response to Brouwer’s intuitionism
Authors: Kish Bar-On Kati
Published: December 2022

Brouwer’s intuitionistic program was an intriguing attempt to reform the foundations of mathematics that eventually did not prevail. The current paper offers a new perspective on the scientific community’s lack of reception to Brouwer’s intuitionism by considering it in light of Michael Friedman’s model of parallel transitions in philosophy and science, specifically focusing on Friedman’s story of Einstein’s theory of relativity. Such a juxtaposition raises onto the surface the differences between Brouwer’s and Einstein’s stories and suggests that contrary to Einstein’s story, the philosophical roots of Brouwer’s intuitionism cannot be traced to any previously established philosophical traditions. The paper concludes by showing how the intuitionistic inclinations of Hermann Weyl and Abraham Fraenkel serve as telling cases of how individuals are involved in setting in motion, adopting, and resisting framework transitions during periods of disagreement within a discipline.
UAV LiDAR Metrics for Monitoring Crop Height, Biomass and Nitrogen Uptake: A Case Study on a Winter Wheat Field Trial
Authors: Hütt Christoph , Bolten Andreas , Hüging Hubert , Bareth Georg
Published: December 2022

Efficient monitoring of crop traits such as biomass and nitrogen uptake is essential for an optimal application of nitrogen fertilisers. However, currently available remote sensing approaches suffer from technical shortcomings, such as poor area efficiency, long postprocessing requirements and the inability to capture ground and canopy from a single acquisition. To overcome such shortcomings, LiDAR scanners mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV LiDAR) represent a promising sensor technology. To test the potential of this technology for crop monitoring, we used a RIEGL Mini-VUX-1 LiDAR scanner mounted on a DJI Matrice 600 pro UAV to acquire a point cloud from a winter wheat field trial. To analyse the UAV-derived LiDAR point cloud, we adopted LiDAR metrics, widely used for monitoring forests based on LiDAR data acquisition approaches. Of the 57 investigated UAV LiDAR metrics, the 95th percentile of the height of normalised LiDAR points was strongly correlated with manually measured crop heights (R2 = 0.88) and with crop heights derived by monitoring using a UAV system with optical imaging (R2 = 0.92). In addition, we applied existing models that employ crop height to approximate dry biomass (DBM) and nitrogen uptake. Analysis of 18 destructively sampled areas further demonstrated the high potential of the UAV LiDAR metrics for estimating crop traits. We found that the bincentile 60 and the 90th percentile of the reflectance best revealed the relevant characteristics of the vertical structure of the winter wheat plants to be used as proxies for nitrogen uptake and DBM. We conclude that UAV LiDAR metrics provide relevant characteristics not only of the vertical structure of winter wheat plants, but also of crops in general and are, therefore, promising proxies for monitoring crop traits, with potential use in the context of Precision Agriculture.
Free to choose or free to lose? Understanding individual attitudes toward paternalism
Authors: Lassen David Dreyer , Mahler Daniel
Published: December 2022

In the past decades, behavioral economics has credibly identified numerous decision-making biases leading people to make choices they would not have made if better informed about the long-term consequences of their actions. This has given rise to a new reason for government interventions: internalities. In contrast to traditional reasons for government intervention, such as redistribution and externalities, overcoming internalities often involves the use of paternalistic policies. We investigate theoretically and empirically the formation of attitudes toward paternalistic policies. Theoretically, we focus on the role of self-interest and distinguish between self-interest as construed for the rational decision-maker, self-interest when self-control problems are present, and self-interest when procedural or expressive elements, such as autonomy, matter. Empirically, we employ two novel data sets: a Danish survey on political opinion combined with administrative data on actual behavior and a large-scale cross-country survey to analyze attitudes toward paternalistic policies in the health and financial domains. We show that targets of paternalism are more opposed to paternalism than non-targets both in Denmark and across nine Western democracies and rely on our theoretical priors to explore mechanisms that can explain these attitudes.
Elections and Immigration Policy in Autocracy: Evidence from Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Joo Song Ha
Published: December 2022

Why do some authoritarian states adopt more restrictive immigration policies than others? Much of the existing literature focuses on the politics of immigration in democracies, despite the presence of large-scale immigration to autocracies. In this article, I argue that the level of electoral competition can be a key factor in immigration policymaking in electoral autocracies. Autocrats who face high levels of electoral competition tend to impose immigration restrictions as a way of mobilizing anti-outgroup sentiment and boosting their own popularity. I test this hypothesis by conducting comparative case studies on Russia and Kazakhstan, both of which are major immigrant-receiving autocracies. Based on the analysis of original data gathered from 11 months of fieldwork in the two countries, I find that the relatively high level of electoral competition in Russia in the 2010s facilitated increased immigration restrictions, while Kazakhstan depoliticized labour immigrants and enacted a de facto open immigration policy in the absence of electoral competition.
Observations and simulations of new snow density in the drifting snow-dominated environment of Antarctica
Authors: Wever Nander , Keenan Eric , Amory Charles , Lehning Michael , Sigmund Armin , Huwald Hendrik , Lenaerts Jan T. M.
Published: December 2022

Owing to drifting snow processes, snow accumulation and surface density in polar environments are variable in space and time. We present new field data of manual measurements, repeat terrestrial laser scanning and snow micro-penetrometry from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, showing the density of new snow accumulations. We combine these data with published drifting snow mass flux observations, to evaluate the performance of the 1-D, detailed, physics-based snow cover model SNOWPACK in representing drifting snow and surface density. For two sites in East Antarctica with multiple years of data, we found a coefficient of determination for the simulated drifting snow ofr2= 0.42 andr2= 0.50, respectively. The field observations show the existence of low-density snow accumulations during low wind conditions. Successive high wind speed events generally erode these low-density layers while producing spatially variable erosion/deposition patterns with typical length scales of a few metres. We found that a model setup that is able to represent low-density snow accumulating during low wind speed conditions, as well as subsequent snow erosion and redeposition at higher densities during drifting snow events was mostly able to describe the observed temporal variability of surface density in the field.
Performance analysis of high-resolution ice-sheet simulations
Authors: Bueler Ed
Published: December 2022

Numerical glacier and ice-sheet models compute evolving ice geometry and velocity fields using various stress-balance approximations and boundary conditions. At high spatial resolution, with horizontal mesh/grid resolutions of a few kilometers or smaller, these models usually require time steps shorter than climate-coupling time scales because they update ice thickness after each velocity solution. High-resolution performance is degraded by the stability restrictions of such explicit time-stepping. This short note, which considers the shallow ice approximation and Stokes models as stress-balance end members, clarifies the scaling of numerical model performance by quantifying simulation cost per model year in terms of mesh resolution and the number of degrees of freedom. The performance of current-generation explicit time-stepping models is assessed, and then compared to the prospective performance of implicit schemes. The main results highlight the key roles played by the algorithmic scaling of stress-balance solvers and coupled, implicit-step solvers.
Three Types of Science
Authors: Haas Michael
Published: December 2022

Hollywood applauds Glendon Schubert's script for a possible soap opera in his pre-view of Approaches to the Study of Political Science. Stereotypic characters, miscasting of actors, words put in the mouths of fictitious persons, and maudlin grief are all present in his poignant ad hominen remarks, while a task which I regard as important — the development of a science of politics — is curiously overlooked by Mr. Schubert as the main purpose of the volume. And, in a manner similar to David Easton's eloquent 1969 presidential address, it is important to tune out Mr. Schubert's solipsistic One Man's Family and to discuss instead the real reasons for all the current fuss about postbehavioral options.

My own view is that political science has achieved considerable maturity as a discipline in recognizing a fundamental symbiosis between three facets of science as the 1970's begin. At one level, a scientist may seek to describe an individual case, to calibrate measuring Instruments, and to engineer specific changes in the real world. At a second level a scientist can search for relationships between two or more variables across several cases in order to state generalizations that will serve as guides to the future and to cases as yet unexamined. Yet myriad generalizations do not cumulatively add up to higher and higher levels of scientific achievement until we consider a third facet of science, wherein one seeks analytical explanations for empirical findings and smooths out the idiosyncracies of particular research investigations into analytically parsimonious paradigms, models, and theories concerning how the world is put together. These three levels or types of science may be called clinical, empirical, and theoretical, respectively.
The Road to a Closed Forum: The Council's Membership Amendments
Authors: Knoll George H.
Published: December 2022

I have just read with dismay, Council-proposed amendments to the proposed Constitution, PS, Winter, 1971, page 17, Article III.

Apparently Council members feel only those who possess Doctor of Philosophy degrees are capable of knowledge and perceiving “truth”. This type of blatant elitism is difficult to believe or understand coming from those professing a concern for the minorities within APSA who have difficulty communicating and developing. I wonder if Council members feel restricting membership will increase the participation of the minorities.
Don't Vote for Less Democracy. Don't Send Good Money After Bad. Vote No on the Proposed Constitution
Authors: Herzberg Donald G.
Published: December 2022

I was a late appointee to the Constitutional Revision Committee, appointed by President Deutsch. Unfortunately, no meeting of the Committee was arranged at a time when I could attend.

Had I been able to attend meetings of the Committee, I would have vigorously opposed the proposed Constitution for many reasons. I will mention ONLY ONE; the proposed Constitution sharply reduces the opportunity for members of APSA to participate in important decisions. During the last three years, the Ad Hoc Committee has proposed three amendments to the present Constitution providing for broader participation by the whole membership in the governance of the Association. These amendments gave members an opportunity to vote for officers and Council members in contested elections, to vote on constitutional amendments, and to vote on resolutions. All three amendments were adopted by large majorities. I cannot believe that those who voted for these amendments will vote for a new Constitution that greatly curtails their chance to participate in governing the Association.
Report of the Managing Editor, The American Political Science Review, 1971–1972
Authors: Polsby Nelson W.
Published: December 2022

In my last report I described some attempts at innovation in the management and format of the Review; this year I can report that we have settled into our routines. The increased readability and literacy which some readers have noticed in the Review I attribute primarily to the alert and sensitive manuscript editing of Dr. Ellen Siegelman, a remarkable person who combines wide learning in the social sciences with an unusual feel for language. Jeanne Dritz, our hawkeyed proofreader, is responsible for a Review increasingly free from typographical error. The energy and imagination of Professor Philip Siegelman, our book editor, has in my opinion brought the book review section to a new level of usefulness to the profession. The work of these gifted professionals has not only lifted the quality of the Review but also the spirits of the managing editor. Barbara Hight, Norma Jean Minor, Lenny Cooper and, for a time, Margaret Carlson, performed the mundane tasks that kept the machinery going: placing the calls and opening the mail, unwrapping the books and sending out reminders, snipping authors' names off manuscripts and balancing our bank account, collating galleys and bringing back coffee.

The sum total of these routine tasks is, I suppose, what producing a scholarly journal is all about. An editorial office cannot write a scholarly journal — scholars do that. It is our job to see that what scholars do write and send to us is evaluated fairly — and so far as we can extort cooperation from our referees, promptly — presented attractively and with fidelity and delivered seasonably into the hands of readers.
Even Paranoids Have Real Enemies
Authors: Diamant Alfred
Published: December 2022

Buffeted from all sides because it is not sufficiently generalizing and scientific, because it sticks to outdated notion of field research, and because it is not “relevant” to the career concerns of the average American Student, the subfield of comparative politics seems to have fallen on evil days. Peter Sackman (PS Summer 1975 vol. VIII, no. 3, 262–263) singles out the subfield for adverse comment in his report on dissertations completed and in progress. One would not quarrel with his treatment if it were justified by even the simplest tests of statistical honesty. One doubts that Mr. Sackman is out to “get” comparative politics, but if he should claim to be a friend, then the subdiscipline has not need for enemies.

In the last paragraph of his essay he notes the “marked decline of additions in category VII” (comparative politics). No quarrel with that, for it showed the largest numerical decline of any subdiscipline. But Figure I, showing dissertation increases and decreases for the subdisciplines, indicates that category IV (U.S. State and Local Government) suffered a greater percentage decline, 28% vs. 24% for comparative politics. Six of the eight subdisciplines suffered some decline. Only one, Public Administration, showed a marked increase, viz. 65%. So why single out comparative politics for special mention?