bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications in the U.S. High School Adolescents
Authors: Ayres Cynthia G. , Pontes Nancy M. , Pontes Manuel C. F.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between sleep insufficiency, depressive symptoms, demographic factors, and the nonmedical use of prescription medications (NMUPMs) in the U.S. high school students. Data from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System were used ( n = 13,570) and analyzed using IBM SPSS 23™ (complex samples). Significant bivariate relationships were found between the NMUPMs and sleep ( p < .01), feeling sad ( p < .001), grade level ( p < .001), and race/ethnicity ( p < .01). Logistic regression analyses found that all of the independent variables were significant in predicting the likelihood of the NMUPMs. Findings underscore the potential impact of preventing NMUPMs in high school adolescents by improving their sleep behaviors and assessing adolescents for depressive symptoms.
Efficacy of Calcaneus Osteotomy for Treatment of Symptomatic Müller-Weiss Disease
Authors: Li Shu-Yuan , Myerson Mark S. , Monteagudo Manuel , Maceira Ernesto
Published: November 2016

Background:

Various methods of midfoot and hindfoot arthrodesis for treating symptomatic Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) have been reported in the literature. In this study, we present the results of a previously unreported method of treatment using a calcaneal osteotomy incorporating a wedge and lateral translation.

Methods:

Thirteen patients (14 feet) with MWD were treated with a calcaneal osteotomy and retrospectively reviewed. These included 7 females and 6 males, with an average age of 56 years (33-79 years), and an average symptoms duration of 10.6 years (1-16 years). The disease was staged according to Maceira, which included 5 feet in stage II, 4 feet in stage III, 4 feet in stage IV, and 1 foot in stage V. Pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), radiologic examination, and patients’ satisfaction rate of the surgery were evaluated at an average of 3.7 years (range, 1-8.5 years) following surgery.

Results:

The final follow-up visit showed satisfactory outcomes, with VAS score reducing from the preoperative 8 (7-9) to postoperative 2 (0-4), whereas the AOFAS score improved from the preoperative 29 (20-44) to the postoperative 79 (70-88). The patient’s subjective ratings showed excellent results in 4 feet, good results in 8 feet, and fair outcomes in 2 feet. The hindfoot range of motion remained unchanged, as did the extent of the navicular complex arthritis, and no patient required an arthrodesis since surgery.

Conclusion:

A calcaneal osteotomy can be used as an alternative treatment option for selected MWD patients regardless of the radiologic stage of the disease.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Monocyte Count/HDL Cholesterol Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Inonu Koseoglu Handan , Pazarli Ahmet Cemal , Kanbay Asiye , Demir Osman
Published: November 2016

Background:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is increasingly being implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, no study has attempted to determine the role of MHR in cardiovascular morbidity of patients with OSAS. We aimed to investigate the association between MHR and CVD in patients with OSAS and the relationship between severity of OSAS, polysomnographic parameters, and MHR.

Methods:

In this cohort study, patients who had undergone a full-night polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSAS were recruited. Included patients were grouped according to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) as mild (5-15), moderate (15-30), and severe (>30) OSAS. Patients with AHI < 5 served as the control group. The presence of heart failure, coronary artery disease, or arrhythmia was defined as CVD.

Results:

A total of 1050 patients were included (131 controls, 222 mild, 228 moderate, and 469 severe OSAS). The severe group had higher MHR compared with the control and other OSAS groups (9.99, 12.11, 13.65, and 20.67 in control, mild, moderate, and severe OSAS groups, respectively, P < .001). The MHRs were significantly correlated with AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and minimum O2 saturation values ( P < .001). Values of MHR were significantly higher in patients with CVD compared with those without ( P < .001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MHR is an independent predictor of CVD.

Conclusion:

The MHR is strongly associated with CVD and the severity of OSAS and might be used as a biomarker to predict CVD in patients with OSAS.
Solution for fractional distributed optimal control problem by hybrid meshless method
Authors: Darehmiraki Majid , Farahi Mohammad Hadi , Effati Sohrab
Published: November 2016

We use a hybrid local meshless method to solve the distributed optimal control problem of a system governed by parabolic partial differential equations with Caputo fractional time derivatives of order α ∈ (0, 1]. The presented meshless method is based on the linear combination of moving least squares and radial basis functions in the same compact support, this method will change between interpolation and approximation. The aim of this paper is to solve the system of coupled fractional partial differential equations, with necessary and sufficient conditions, for fractional distributed optimal control problems using a combination of moving least squares and radial basis functions. To keep matters simple, the problem has been considered in the one-dimensional case, however the techniques can be employed for both the two- and three-dimensional cases. Several test problems are employed and results of numerical experiments are presented. The obtained results confirm the acceptable accuracy of the proposed method.
The Social and Fiscal Consequences of Urban Decline: Evidence from Large American Cities, 1980–2010
Authors: Manville Michael , Kuhlmann Daniel
Published: November 2016

We examine the fiscal consequences of sustained population loss in American cities. We find the starkest difference between growing and declining cities in their levels of social and economic distress: Declining cities have higher rates of poverty and crime. Our evidence also suggests that shrinking cities have less fiscal capacity than growing cities, although this relationship is complicated by an apparent nonlinearity: Shrinking and rapidly growing cities both have less fiscal capacity than high-demand cities that grow slowly. Lastly, both high distress and low fiscal capacity appear to predict further population loss. Together, our evidence suggests that population loss may both increase social problems and decrease the resources available to solve them, and that declining cities may enter vicious cycles that perpetuate further decline.
First Impressions Matter
Authors: Jimenez Laura M. , Meyer Carla K.
Published: November 2016

Graphic novels in the K-12 classroom are most often used to motivate marginalized readers because of the lower text load and assumption of easy reading. This assumption has thus far been unexplored by reading research. This qualitative multiple-case study utilized think-aloud protocols in a new attention-mapping activity to better understand how expert readers use intentional attention shifts to make meaning in graphic novels. Four expert graphic novel readers, and four expert print-dominant readers, between ages 16 and 20 were asked to trace their attention across the opening pages of five graphic novels and to predict what the story was about. Utilizing digital video recordings as the primary data source, analysis included creating a visual representation of each reader’s attention patterns, time used, as well as the complexity and accuracy of his or her predicted stories. Findings indicate that the expert graphic novel readers initially attended to visual elements to gain an understanding of genre, character, and possible plot points. Only after attending to the illustrations did they decode the written text, and finally synthesized the two. The expert print-dominant readers predominantly attended to written text effectively but did not use illustrations to support or extend their understanding or meaning making in the text. This study complicates current assumptions about the ease of reading graphic novels by observing expert-print dominant readers and expert graphic novel readers negotiate written text and illustrations.
The Effect of Fiscal Illusion on Public Sector Financial Management
Authors: Ross Justin M. , Mughan Siân
Published: November 2016

An important concern to the efficiency of public finance systems is that voters may suffer from various “fiscal illusions” that can be exploited by politicians to grow the public sector. This article contributes evidence on the specific public financial management mechanisms by associating the impact property reassessments have on the “visibility” of budget size signaled by property tax rates. Using data from Virginia cities and counties from 2001 to 2011, the results indicate mass reappraisals, which reduce property tax visibility cause contemporaneous property tax levy increases, as do reappraisals that increase future tax visibility. These revenue shocks are then smoothed into expenditures through the management of assets, indicating policy makers prefer the spending to be drawn from future cash reserves than immediate projects that might draw attention to the source of fiscal illusion.
Characterization of various coatings on wear suppression in turning of Inconel 625: A three-dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad , Ashrafi Hossein , Amini Saeid , Akhavan Farid A , Jahanbakhsh M
Published: November 2016

Applying cutting tool with longer functioning time is a vital issue in machining of the nickel-based super alloys. However, the experimental analysis of this problem is quite expensive. Thus, three-dimensional numerical simulation of tool wear propagation in turning of Inconel 625 super alloy is taken into account, in this study. The cutting insert with complex geometry is modeled by using a reverse engineering method. Based on the cutting tool and workpiece material, Usui wear rate model is exerted to estimate the tool wear rate. In the first section, characterization of TiAlN-coated carbide tool, which is suggested by catalogue, on wear resistance is evaluated and then simulation results are validated with experiments. As a result, increment of depth of cut is the most effective factor on the generation of temperature and stresses on the tool faces resulting in wear rate acceleration. In the second section, different commercial coatings with multicompositions are applied in the simulation to find the best performance against wear. Finally, TiCN coating outperformed other coatings in turning of Inconel 625.
Effects of supporting structure and bolt connection on the fatigue life and carrying capacity of a slewing bearing
Authors: Chen Guanci , Wang Cunzhu , Xiao Zhengming
Published: November 2016

Four finite element models of a slewing bearing with different supporting structures are established by the finite element software ANSYS. In these models, the ball–race contact is simplified by the spring element with the same contact stiffness. The nut and bolt head are simplified and coupled with the surface of other connected component. The preload is applied on the bolt by a few pretension elements. The ball–race contact forces, fatigue lives, and carrying capacities of the slewing bearing in the four models are calculated. The effects of supporting stiffness, bolt number, and bolt preload on the contact force and fatigue life of the slewing bearing are studied. Moreover, the effects of supporting stiffness, bolt number, bolt preload, ball–race contact truncation, and bolt–hole backlash on the carrying capacities of the slewing bearing are analyzed. Results show that the fatigue life and carrying capacity of the slewing bearing can be enhanced by appropriately decreasing the supporting stiffness. Optimal values of bolt preload and number for the fatigue life and carrying capacity of a specific slewing bearing are obtained.
Personality and metabolic dysfunction in young adulthood: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sutin Angelina R , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio
Published: November 2016

This research used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 15,359; age range 25–34) to examine the cross-sectional relation between personality and four components of metabolic syndrome (elevated glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and waist circumference) and a metabolic risk index in young adulthood. Consistent with research on older adults, higher Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness were associated with greater risk of metabolic dysfunction; Agreeableness, however, was unrelated to it. The relation between personality and metabolic health may unfold across the lifespan, with the association between Neuroticism/Conscientiousness and metabolic dysfunction starting early and the association with Agreeableness emerging at older ages.
Calculation method for the shear bearing capacity of diaphragm-through connections
Authors: Wu Liao , Chen Zhihua , Rong Bin
Published: November 2016

This article presents the results of experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies into the shear behavior of panel zone of diaphragm-through connections between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns and steel beams. The current design code does not cover the yield and ultimate shear strengths of such connections in China. Five tee-shaped diaphragm-through connections were fabricated and tested that they comply with the principle of “strong members and weak panel zone.” Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models were developed to study the shear behavior of the panel zone under low-frequency cyclic loading. Based on the test results, the force transfer mechanism and the effect of different factors on the panel zone shear capacity were analyzed. The width and deformation of compression strut of core concrete were taken into account. A simple manual calculation method was also proposed for evaluating the shear strength of panel zone of diaphragm-through connections. Good agreement was found between theoretical and test results for both yield and ultimate shear strengths for connections.
Experimental study and finite element analysis of energy dissipating outriggers
Authors: Yang Qingshun , Lu Xinzheng , Yu Cheng , Gu Donglian
Published: November 2016

The outriggers are widely adopted in tall and super-tall buildings. Their energy dissipation capacity can significantly influence the nonlinear seismic responses of the entire building structure. Based on an actual tall building project, the structural responses and energy dissipation capacities of three different outriggers were studied through experiments and finite element analyses. The test results of conventional outrigger specimen showed a steep deterioration after peak strength and an unfavorable energy dissipation capacity due to the global buckling of the braces and the local buckling of the chords after flexural yielding. Using buckling-restrained braces and reduced beam sections in a new design of the outriggers, the energy dissipation capacity and the ductility of the outriggers were significantly improved. The yield and peak strengths were further improved with the use of high-strength steel in chords on a third specimen. The finite element simulation of the three specimens indicated that the initial imperfection of the specimens shall be considered, and the developed finite element models yielded good agreements with the test results. The outcome of this work can provide additional references for the application of the outriggers in tall buildings.
Critical technocultural discourse analysis
Authors: Brock André
Published: November 2016

Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA) is a multimodal analytic technique for the investigation of Internet and digital phenomena, artifacts, and culture. It integrates an analysis of the technological artifact and user discourse, framed by cultural theory, to unpack semiotic and material connections between form, function, belief, and meaning of information and communication technologies (ICTs). CTDA requires the incorporation of critical theory—critical race, feminism, queer theory, and so on—to incorporate the epistemological standpoint of underserved ICT users so as to avoid deficit-based models of underrepresented populations’ technology use. This article describes in detail the formulation and execution of the technique, using the author’s research on Black Twitter as an exemplar. Utilizing CTDA, the author found that Black discursive identity interpellated Twitter’s mechanics to produce explicit cultural technocultural digital practices—defined by one investor as “the use case for Twitter.” Researchers interested in using this technique will find it an intervention into normative and analytic technology analyses, as CTDA formulates technology as cultural representations and social structures in order to simultaneously interrogate culture and technology as intertwined concepts.
Exploring participatory journalistic content: Objectivity and diversity in five examples of participatory journalism
Authors: Borger Merel , van Hoof Anita , Sanders José
Published: November 2016

This article presents a content analysis of five very different examples of participatory journalism. The goal of this study is to examine the, largely untested, assumptions that news organizations and journalists have about audience input (audience material for instance being trivial, personal, emotional and sensational). We systematically ask how the contents of the five projects might be characterized in relation to conventional quality journalism as a particular genre by examining the contents against two criteria that have been critical to this genre: ‘objectivity’ and ‘diversity’. Second, given the core role that a notion of professional ‘control’ plays in discussions on participatory journalism, we examine whether these manifestations on objectivity and diversity are associated with the degree to which professional journalists have control over the participatory content published within these projects. By doing so, we aim to better understand what the participating audience produces in order to get an idea of what, according to participants, ‘counts’ as journalism and to determine whether and how this differs from conventional quality journalism. The results are explained in terms of ‘boundary work’.
Blurring the boundaries between journalism and activism: A transparency agenda-building case study from Bulgaria
Authors: Camaj Lindita
Published: November 2016

This article explores the relationship between journalists and civil society actors in promoting the Freedom of Information right in Bulgaria. It emphasizes the importance of civil society as influential actors in the media agenda-building process and presents a new approach to conceptualizing the journalist/non-governmental organization relationship from a cooperative rather than power-distance perspective. The alliance between the Freedom of Information-promoting non-governmental organization and journalists in Bulgaria resulted in (1) increased public awareness of the Freedom of Information rights, (2) increased Freedom of Information law use by citizens and journalists, (3) improved governmental transparency, and (4) enhanced quality of journalistic output. The theoretical and practical relevance of these findings is discussed.
Tolerance and perceived threat toward Muslim immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Erisen Cengiz , Kentmen-Cin Cigdem
Published: November 2016

This article studies how different types of tolerance and perceived threat affect opinions about the EU immigration policy in Germany and the Netherlands. We assess to what extent social and political tolerance for and sociotropic and personal threats from Muslim immigrants influence EU citizens’ beliefs that immigration is one of the most important issues facing the EU. By experimentally manipulating religion of immigrant, level of perceived threat, and type of tolerance, we examine how people’s attitudes on immigration policies change. Our findings shed light on how EU countries might deal with the rising tide of intolerance toward immigrants and Muslims, and how better policies of integration could be implemented in a multicultural Europe.
A multidimensional view? Evaluating the different and combined contributions of diaries and interviews in an exploration of asexual identities and intimacies
Authors: McDonnell Liz , Scott Susie , Dawson Matt
Published: November 2016

This article evaluates the relative contributions of diaries and interviews in multiple methods qualitative research exploring asexual identities and intimacies. Differentiated by three core differences: reflective time-frame (the day just had/lifetime), context (alone/with researcher) and mode (written/verbal), these methods had the potential to generate a multidimensional view of our topics. Using five cases in which data from both interviews and diaries were collected, this article explores how the intermeshed issues of identity and intimacy were constructed in each method, as well as reflecting on what was gained by their combination. Our analysis leads us to conclude that multiple methods do not always produce a fuller or a more rounded picture of individual participants’ lives. Nevertheless, the decision to collect data using different strategies did increase our chances of finding a method that suited individual participants, whether in style or focus.
Visual fatigue following long-term visual display terminal work under different light sources
Authors: Wang Y , Zhong X , Zhang Y , Tu Y , Wang L , Chen Y , Zhang C , Zhou W
Published: November 2016

Although visual display terminals have been used in office work for many years, research on the effect of long time work using them is still insufficient. Also, the impact of a LED light source for all day work is not clear. In this paper, the visual fatigue caused by long-term VDT work under fluorescent and LED luminaires was investigated though subjective reports of symptoms, ophthalmological parameters and physiological signals. The results show that visual fatigue becomes more serious with increasing time spent at VDT work. Compared to fluorescent luminaires, the LED luminaires produced significantly greater near point accommodation, blink amplitude and oxygen saturation but less dry eye symptoms, less best corrected distance visual acuity and less high-frequency electrocardiogram power as time passed, although all were of small effect size. Although the participants carried out eight hours of VDT work under the two light sources, at the end the symptom ‘tired eyes’ was rated as moderate while all the other reported symptoms were rated as slight.
Optimization of meta-aramid electrospun nanofibers productivity through wire-based electrospinning setup scale up
Authors: Aurélie Oertel , Nabyl Khenoussi , Laurence Schacher , Dominique C Adolphe , Hélène Graftieaux
Published: November 2016

Electrospinning process has been widely used over the past decades for manufacturing nanofibers. The control of the electrospinning parameters is crucial to obtain nanofibers (nonwoven mats) with optimized morphological properties. The aim of this study is to precisely define the electrospinnability of a meta-aramid solution through wire-based electrospinning setup processing. Experiments have been conducted following a design of experiment to study the influence of each parameter. Individual effects and/or combined interactions on obtained fiber diameter and general morphology (mean fiber distribution and nonfibrous area) have been investigated. The five studied process parameters are: applied voltage, relative humidity, temperature, distance between spinning electrode wire and substrate material, and airflow going through the spinning chamber. Each parameter was varied at three levels. Significant effects of parameters have been observed. The obtained results have allowed us to determine the influential factors and reduce the domain study.
The Intertwined History of Class and Race Segregation in Los Angeles
Authors: Redford Laura
Published: November 2016

Separation of classes was as much a part of early twentieth-century Los Angeles residential development as racial segregation. While one is certainly more pernicious than the other, the two often went hand in hand. Developers used similar tools to create these divided communities: restrictive covenants, reliance on the courts to uphold those covenants, and advertising. They purposefully planned residential space intended to keep different classes of people separate and ensure white communities. This history becomes especially significant in light of present-day discussions of urban inequity, gentrification, and mixed-income neighborhoods.
Application and Evaluation of Independent Component Analysis Methods to Generalized Seizure Disorder Activities Exhibited in the Brain
Authors: George S. Thomas , Balakrishnan R. , Johnson J. Stanly , Jayakumar J.
Published: November 2016

EEG records the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain using multiple electrodes placed on the scalp, and it provides a wealth of information related to the functions of brain. Nevertheless, the signals from the electrodes cannot be directly applied to a diagnostic tool like brain mapping as they undergo a “mixing” process because of the volume conduction effect in the scalp. A pervasive problem in neuroscience is determining which regions of the brain are active, given voltage measurements at the scalp. Because of which, there has been a surge of interest among the biosignal processing community to investigate the process of mixing and unmixing to identify the underlying active sources. According to the assumptions of independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms, the resultant mixture obtained from the scalp can be closely approximated by a linear combination of the “actual” EEG signals emanating from the underlying sources of electrical activity in the brain. As a consequence, using these well-known ICA techniques in preprocessing of the EEG signals prior to clinical applications could result in development of diagnostic tool like quantitative EEG which in turn can assist the neurologists to gain noninvasive access to patient-specific cortical activity, which helps in treating neuropathologies like seizure disorders. The popular and proven ICA schemes mentioned in various literature and applications were selected (which includes Infomax, JADE, and SOBI) and applied on generalized seizure disorder samples using EEGLAB toolbox in MATLAB environment to see their usefulness in source separations; and they were validated by the expert neurologist for clinical relevance in terms of pathologies on brain functionalities. The performance of Infomax method was found to be superior when compared with other ICA schemes applied on EEG and it has been established based on the validations carried by expert neurologist for generalized seizure and its clinical correlation. The results are encouraging for furthering the studies in the direction of developing useful brain mapping tools using ICA methods.
Degradation feature extraction of the hydraulic pump based on local characteristic-scale decomposition and multi-fractal spectrum
Authors: Tian Zaike , Li Hongru , Sun Jian , Li Yifan
Published: November 2016

Aiming at the characteristic that the vibration signals of hydraulic pump usually have strong nonlinearity and low signal-to-noise ratio, this article presents a novel hydraulic pump degradation feature extraction method based on improved local characteristic-scale decomposition and multi-fractal spectrum. First of all, the original vibration signal is decomposed into the independent intrinsic scale components by local characteristic-scale decomposition, and the main intrinsic scale components which contain the sensitive degradation information are selected by mutual information. And then, the multi-fractal parameters of the main intrinsic scale components are calculated. The presenting capability of four fractal spectrum parameters on hydraulic pump degradation state is analyzed, and as a result, the multi-fractal spectrum width [Formula: see text] is finally selected as the degradation feature parameter. Finally, the degradation features are inputted into a binary tree support vector machine to recognize the degradation states. The application results indicated that the proposed method can recognize the degradation states of hydraulic pump effectively.
Object-oriented Petri nets and π-calculus-based modeling and analysis of reconfigurable manufacturing systems
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Guo Fang , Ouyang Jie , Zhou Lijun
Published: November 2016

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems can change the structure of the systems to cope with manufacturing market requirements. Reconfigurability brings about new challenges for reconfigurable manufacturing systems’ development. In order to describe, analyze, and verify the reconfiguration of reconfigurable manufacturing systems, a reconfigurable manufacturing system formal model is proposed from the perspective of multi-agent systems, in which two complementary formalisms, namely, object-oriented Petri nets and π-calculus, are employed as formalisms. The object-oriented Petri nets are utilized to model the initial structure as well as system behaviors of reconfigurable manufacturing systems, while π-calculus is adopted to describe the reconfiguration of reconfigurable manufacturing systems. Some supporting tools of Petri nets and π-calculus can be used to analyze, verify, and validate the reconfigurable manufacturing system formal model. The reconfigurability mechanism and consistency of reconfigurable manufacturing systems can also be analyzed by π-calculus.
Differential contributions of vasopressin V1A and oxytocin receptors in the amygdala to pain-related behaviors in rats
Authors: Cragg Bryce , Ji Guangchen , Neugebauer Volker
Published: November 2016

Neuroplastic changes in the amygdala account for emotional-affective aspects of pain and involve neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and corticotropin-releasing factor. Another neuropeptide system, central arginine vasopressin, has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, but its role in pain-related emotional expression and neuroplasticity remains to be determined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that arginine vasopressin in the amygdala contributes to pain-related emotional-affective responses, using stereotaxic applications of arginine vasopressin and antagonists for G-protein coupled vasopressin V1A and oxytocin receptors in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In normal animals, arginine vasopressin increased audible and ultrasonic vocalizations and anxiety-like behavior (decreased open-arm preference in the elevated plus maze). The facilitatory effects were blocked by a selective V1A antagonist (SR 49059, Relcovaptan) but not by an oxytocin receptor antagonist (L-371,257). L-371,257 had some facilitatory effects on vocalizations. Arginine vasopressin had no effect in arthritic rats (kaolin/carrageenan knee joint pain model). SR 49059 inhibited vocalizations and anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze) in arthritic, but not normal, rats and conveyed anxiolytic properties to arginine vasopressin. Arginine vasopressin, SR 49059, and L-371,257 had no significant effects on spinal reflexes. We interpret the data to suggest that arginine vasopressin through V1A in the amygdala contributes to emotional-affective aspects of pain (arthritis model), whereas oxytocin receptors may mediate some inhibitory effects of the vasopressin system.
Leading from the top or leading from within? A comparison between coaches’ and athletes’ leadership as predictors of team identification, team confidence, and team cohesion
Authors: Fransen Katrien , Decroos Steven , Broek Gert Vande , Boen Filip
Published: November 2016

The present study used a sample of team sport athletes ( N = 343) to investigate to what extent the leadership quality of the coach and the athlete leaders was related to athletes’ team confidence and team cohesion. The findings demonstrated that the leadership quality of both coaches and athlete leaders predicted a unique part of the variance of team confidence and team cohesion. In addition, members’ identification with the team was demonstrated to be an important mechanism underlying this relation, thereby supporting the Social Identity Approach to Leadership. We conclude that both coaches and athlete leaders can inspire players to identify with their team. In turn, this feeling of ‘us’, rather than being a group of I’s, predicts a stronger confidence in obtaining team goals and fosters the task and social cohesion within the team. When coaches share the lead with their athletes, an optimal team environment can be created.
Describing and classifying coach development programmes: A synthesis of empirical research and applied practice
Authors: Lefebvre Jordan S , Evans M Blair , Turnnidge Jennifer , Gainforth Heather L , Côté Jean
Published: November 2016

Coach development, coach development programmes are conducted to change coach behavior in a specific domain. To facilitate understanding of this growing field, the current synthesis review of coaching literature was conducted to generate classifications of coach development programme types. To identify coach development programmes described within academic research, a supplemental search of an earlier systematic review was conducted. In addition, a broad Internet search was used to identify publically available descriptions of coach development programmes. After extracting information describing the resulting 285 coach development programmes, the research team distinguished 16 coach development programme domains of focus, classified within professional, interpersonal, or intrapersonal domains. Five organizational contexts were also identified in relation to “where” and “why” coach development programmes were conducted, and the coaching context and mode of delivery were also classified. As an effort to bridge applied and empirical realms, the continued use and development of these classifications will facilitate the further progress and synthesis of coach development literature.
Prisoner transfer and the importance of the ‘release effect’
Authors: Durnescu Ioan , Montero Perez de Tudela Esther , Ravagnani Luisa
Published: November 2016

This article engages with the European debate on the position of foreign national prisoners in the context of the European Council Framework Decision that facilitates a prisoner’s transfer between the EU Member States (FD 909/2008). The study aims at capturing the experiences of 133 Romanian prisoners held in Italian and Spanish prisons, together with their intentions to engage or not with this new opportunity. One of the main findings of this research is that the explicit aim of the FD (social rehabilitation) is likely to be challenged by the intention of the foreign prisoners to use this FD to decrease the time spent behind bars. The article also puts forward a number of policy and practice recommendations that would improve the position of foreign prisoners in European prisons.
Fontan circulation and implications for future reproduction
Authors: Mehta Niharika , Mitta Srilakshmi
Published: November 2016

This article summarizes and critiques four recent publications looking at preconception counseling, pregnancy outcomes, and cardiac complications in women with history of Fontan circulation. The Fontan procedure is a palliative strategy for single-ventricle type congenital heart disease and involves passive flow of venous return into the pulmonary circulation, bypassing the ventricles. Pregnancy in these patients is not without risk and preconception counseling and contraception practices vary widely. High rates of miscarriage, prematurity, and small-for-gestational-age babies are reported. Cardiac complications include mainly arrhythmias. Whether long-term prognosis in these patients is affected by pregnancy is not yet known.
Obstetric medical care in the United States of America
Authors: Carson Michael P , Chen Kenneth K , Miller Margaret A
Published: November 2016

The current models of obstetric medical care utilized in the United States, how those models fit in with the overall care system, and ways to increase the role of obstetric internists will be reviewed.
Low Risk for Local and Systemic Complications After Primary Repair of 1626 Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Rensing Nicholas , Waterman Brian R. , Frank Rachel M. , Heida Kenneth A. , Orr Justin D.
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Historically, Achilles tendon repairs and other surgeries about the hindfoot have demonstrated a significantly higher rate of wound healing complications and surgical site morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comprehensive complication profile and risk factors for adverse short-term, clinical outcomes after primary repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods. Between the years 2005 and 2014, all cases of primary Achilles tendon repair (Current Procedural Terminology code 27650) entered into the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database were extracted for analysis. Primary outcomes of interest were rates of total complication, reoperation, and rerupture within 30 days of index surgery. Independent risk factors associated with these selected endpoints were assessed with chi-square and logistic regression analysis and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to express relative risk. Results. Of 1626 patients with an average age of 44 years (SD 13.3), the average ASA classification was 1.69 and hypertension (20.7%), morbid obesity (8.3%), and diabetes (4.9%) were among the most common medical comorbidities. A total of 28 (1.7%) patients sustained perioperative complications, including 1.3% with local complications (0.7% superficial wound infection, 0.4% wound disruption) and no cases of peripheral nerve injury or early repair failure. Systemic complications occurred in 0.4%, most commonly with deep venous thrombosis or nonfatal thromboembolism. Preoperative albumin was independently associated with an increased risk of local wound complications (odds ratio [OR] 28.67; 95% CI 1.42-579.40; P = .029). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 22.33, 95% CI 2.49-199.81; P = .006) and bleeding disorder (OR 14.83, 95% CI 1.70-129.50; P = .015) were more likely to result in a systemic complication, and preoperative creatinine correlated with an increased risk of any complication (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.15-32.34; P = .033). In total there were 5 (0.3%) readmissions with 2 (0.1%) unplanned reoperations attributed to local wound complications. Conclusion. Among a broad-based demographic of the United States, the rate of local wound complications was exceedingly low in the short-term perioperative period, although this risk may be significantly magnified with subtle decreases in albumin levels. Preoperative risk stratifications should carefully scrutinize for subtle abnormalities in nutritional parameters and renal function prior to undergoing Achilles surgery.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Prospective, comparative trial
Representations of Corruption in the British, French, and Italian Press
Authors: Mancini Paolo , Mazzoni Marco , Cornia Alessio , Marchetti Rita
Published: November 2016

As part of a larger European Union (EU)-funded project, this paper investigates the coverage of corruption and related topics in three European democracies: France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Based on Freedom House data, these countries are characterized by different levels of press freedom. A large corpus of newspaper articles (107,248 articles) from the period 2004 to 2013 were analyzed using dedicated software. We demonstrate that freedom of press is not the only dimension that affects the ability to and the way in which news media report on corruption. Because of its political partisanship, the Italian press tends to emphasize and dramatize corruption cases involving domestic public administrators and, in particular, politicians. The British coverage is affected mainly by market factors, and the press pays more attention to cases occurring abroad and in sport. The French coverage shares specific features with both the British and the Italian coverage: Newspapers mainly focus on corruption involving business companies and foreign actors, but they also cover cases involving domestic politicians. Media market segmentation, political parallelism, and media instrumentalization determine different representations preventing the establishment of unanimously shared indignation.
Effect of a Rapidly Degrading Presolidified 10 kDa Chitosan/Blood Implant and Subchondral Marrow Stimulation Surgical Approach on Cartilage Resurfacing in a Sheep Model
Authors: Bell Angela D. , Hurtig Mark B. , Quenneville Eric , Rivard Georges-Étienne , Hoemann Caroline D.
Published: November 2016

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that presolidified chitosan-blood implants are retained in subchondral bone channels perforated in critical-size sheep cartilage defects, and promote bone repair and hyaline-like cartilage resurfacing versus blood implant.

Design

Cartilage defects (10 × 10 mm) with 3 bone channels (1 drill, 2 Jamshidi biopsy, 2 mm diameter), and 6 small microfracture holes were created bilaterally in n = 11 sheep knee medial condyles. In one knee, 10 kDa chitosan–NaCl/blood implant (presolidified using recombinant factor VIIa or tissue factor), was inserted into each drill and Jamshidi hole. Contralateral knee defects received presolidified whole blood clot. Repair tissues were assessed histologically, biochemically, biomechanically, and by micro–computed tomography after 1 day ( n = 1) and 6 months ( n = 10).

Results

Day 1 defects showed a 60% loss of subchondral bone plate volume fraction along with extensive subchondral hematoma. Chitosan implant was resident at day 1, but had no effect on any subsequent repair parameter compared with blood implant controls. At 6 months, bone defects exhibited remodeling and hypomineralized bone repair and were partly resurfaced with tissues containing collagen type II and scant collagen type I, 2-fold lower glycosaminoglycan and fibril modulus, and 4.5-fold higher permeability compared with intact cartilage. Microdrill holes elicited higher histological ICRS-II overall assessment scores than Jamshidi holes (50% vs. 30%, P = 0.041). Jamshidi biopsy holes provoked sporadic osteonecrosis in n = 3 debrided condyles.

Conclusions

Ten kilodalton chitosan was insufficient to improve repair. Microdrilling is a feasible subchondral marrow stimulation surgical approach with the potential to elicit poroelastic tissues with at least half the compressive modulus as intact articular cartilage.
The Interrelations Between Social Class, Personal Relative Deprivation, and Prosociality
Authors: Callan Mitchell J. , Kim Hyunji , Gheorghiu Ana I. , Matthews William J.
Published: November 2016

We propose that personal relative deprivation (PRD)—the belief that one is worse off than similar others—plays a key role in the link between social class and prosociality. Across multiple samples and measures (total N = 2,233), people higher in PRD were less inclined to help others. When considered in isolation, neither objective nor subjective socioeconomic status (SES) was meaningfully associated with prosociality. However, because people who believe themselves to be at the top of the socioeconomic hierarchy are typically low in PRD, these variables act as mutual suppressors—the predictive validity of both is enhanced when they are considered simultaneously, revealing that both higher subjective SES and higher PRD are associated with lower prosociality. These results cast new light on the complex connections between relative social status and people’s willingness to act for the benefit of others.
MRI findings and cognitive functions in a small cohort of myotonic dystrophy type 1: Retrospective analyses
Authors: Bajrami Arsida , Azman Filiz , Yayla Vildan , Cagirici Sultan , Keskinkiliç Cahit , Sozer Nejla
Published: November 2016

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive multisystemic disease with common cognitive deficits and potential brain involvement in addition to the cardinal muscular and systemic symptoms. Impaired mental function associated with nonspecific pathological findings such as white-matter hyperintense lesions (WMHLs), ventricular enlargement and brain atrophy on brain MRI have been previously reported in DM1 patients. While some studies showed correlation of brain morphological changes with neuropsychological and clinical parameters including CTG repeat sizes and disease severity scales in DM1, others failed. The goal of this study was to retrospectively investigate cranial MR abnormalities, predominantly WMHLs, and their effects on clinical and cognitive deficits in a small, phenotypically or genotypically well-characterized cohort of DM1 patients.
In situ formation of poly(vinyl alcohol)–heparin hydrogels for mild encapsulation and prolonged release of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Roberts Justine J , Farrugia Brooke L , Green Rylie A , Rnjak-Kovacina Jelena , Martens Penny J
Published: November 2016

Heparin-based hydrogels are attractive for controlled growth factor delivery, due to the native ability of heparin to bind and stabilize growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are heparin-binding growth factors that synergistically enhance angiogenesis. Mild, in situ encapsulation of both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor and subsequent bioactive dual release has not been demonstrated from heparin-crosslinked hydrogels, and the combined long-term delivery of both growth factors from biomaterials is still a major challenge. Both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were encapsulated in poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels and demonstrated controlled release. A model cell line, BaF32, was used to show bioactivity of heparin and basic fibroblast growth factor released from the gels over multiple days. Released basic fibroblast growth factor promoted higher human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth over 24 h and proliferation for 3 days than the poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels alone. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor from poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth but not significant proliferation. Dual-growth factor release of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor from poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels resulted in a synergistic effect with significantly higher human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth compared to basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor alone. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels allowed bioactive growth factor encapsulation and provided controlled release of multiple growth factors which is beneficial toward tissue regeneration applications.