bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotype Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Thalassemia Patients Needing Transfusion in Yangjiang, Western Guangdong
Authors: Chen Zhi-Xiao , Liu Rong-Huo , Huang Jian-Cheng , Mo Jia-Min , Zeng Yan-Qing , Huang Yu-Chan , Yang Li-Ye
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of genotypes and iron metabolism imbalance in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Methods: Genotype analysis was conducted on 84 thalassemia patients requiring transfusion, and retrospective analysis of iron overload was performed on 48 transfusion-dependent patients. Results: Among the 84 thalassemia cases requiring transfusion, six mutations of α-thalassemia were identified, including --SEA, αCS, -α3.7, -α4.2, αQS, and αWS. Nine mutations of β-thalassemia were also found, with CD41-42 being the most common. Of the 48 transfusion-dependent patients, 40 (83.3%) had iron overload with serum ferritin (SF) levels above 1,000 ng/mL. The recent SF level was lower than 3 years ago, but the overall ferritin level remains elevated. Conclusions: β-thalassemia was the predominant type among transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients, with CD41-42/-28, CD41-42/IVS-II-654, and CD17/IVS-II-654 being the most common genotypes. Proper blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy are essential for managing transfusion-dependent thalassemia. While some patients show a reduction in SF levels after 3 years of treatment, there are still individuals who exhibit elevated levels necessitating ongoing management.
Monotherapy of PD-1 Inhibitor Camrelizumab Reverses Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Low PD-1 Expression: A Case Report
Authors: Zheng Xiufen , Li Jue , Gao Zhenqing , Fang Yi , Feng Zikai
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy is the standard treatment worldwide for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma with high programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression. The use of immunotherapy alone against advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma is rarely reported, and data on PD-1 inhibitor camrelizumab are missing. We report the first case of camrelizumab monotherapy, which can be a reference for the clinical applications of camrelizumab in a wider context. Case Presentation: We herein present a 69-year-old male case of advanced squamous cell carcinoma with low PD-1 expression, in which camrelizumab monotherapy was administered every 3 weeks. Camrelizumab monotherapy reversed advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma without recurrence or obvious side effects during 26 months of follow-up. The patient is alive and in good conditions to date; thus, progression-free survival and overall survival are not determined. Conclusion: This case report provides evidence of the efficacy of camrelizumab monotherapy and highlights the feasibility of camrelizumab alone against advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma when chemotherapy is not applicable.
Rationale and Design of PURE: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Peritoneal Ultrafiltration with PolyCore™ in Refractory Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gronda Edoardo , Gallieni Maurizio , Pacileo Giuseppe , Capasso Giovambattista , Wei Lee-Jen , Trepiccione Francesco , Heidempergher Marco , Bonomini Mario , Zimarino Marco , Divino-Filho José Carolino , Di Liberato Lorenzo , Caracciolo Maria Michela , Masola Valentina , Prosdocimi Tommaso , Iacobelli Massimo , Vitagliano Caterina , Arduini Arduino
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF) has been proposed as an additional therapeutic option for refractory congestive heart failure (RCHF) patients. Despite promising observational studies and/or case report results, limited clinical trial data exist, and so far, PUF solutions remain only indicated for chronic kidney diseases. In this article, we described a multicenter, randomized, controlled, unblinded, adaptive design clinical trial, about to start, investigating the effects of PolyCore™, an innovative PUF solution, in the treatment of RCHF patients. Methods: The Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in Cardiorenal Syndrome (PURE) study is a phase II, multicenter, randomized, controlled, unblinded, adaptive design clinical trial that aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PUF, using PolyCore™ as the investigational solution, in the treatment of RCHF patients who present with prominent right ventricular failure due to afterload mismatch, functional tricuspid regurgitation and enlarged cava vein consequent to intravascular fluid overload. Approximately 84 patients will be randomized 1:1 either to continue with their prescribed guideline-directed medical therapy or to add the PUF treatment on top of it. The primary objective is to evaluate if PUF treatment has an impact on the composite endpoint of the patient’s mortality or worsening of the patient’s condition such as hospitalization for cardiovascular causes, increasing the initial daily dose of loop diuretic or worsening of renal function. Statistical analysis for the primary endpoint will be standard survival analysis to estimate the failure rate at month 7 for each group via Kaplan-Meier curves. Sensitivity analysis and various secondary analyses, including a multiple events analysis, will be conducted to evaluate the robustness of the primary endpoint results. Safety will be evaluated for up to 12 months. Conclusion: The PURE study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of peritoneal ultrafiltration with PolyCore™ on top of guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with RCHF, assuming a combined clinical endpoint of mortality or worsening patients’ condition. If successful, the treatment should allow for an improvement of the RCHF symptoms, decreasing hospitalization rate of patients.
Patterns of the left thalamus embedding into the connectome associated with reading skills in children with reading disabilities
Authors: Lou Chenglin , Cross Alexandra M. , Peters Lien , Ansari Daniel , Joanisse Marc F.
Published: August 2024

We examined how thalamocortical connectivity structure reflects children’s reading performance. Diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 T and a series of reading measures were collected from 64 children (33 girls) ages 8–14 years with and without dyslexia. The topological properties of the left and right thalamus were computed based on the whole-brain white matter network and a hub-attached reading network, and were correlated with scores on several tests of children’s reading and reading-related abilities. Significant correlations between topological metrics of the left thalamus and reading scores were observed only in the hub-attached reading network. Local efficiency was negatively correlated with rapid automatized naming. Transmission cost was positively correlated with phonemic decoding, and this correlation was independent of network efficiency scores; follow-up analyses further demonstrated that this effect was specific to the pulvinar and mediodorsal nuclei of the left thalamus. We validated these results using an independent dataset and demonstrated that that the relationship between thalamic connectivity and phonemic decoding was specifically robust. Overall, the results highlight the role of the left thalamus and thalamocortical network in understanding the neurocognitive bases of skilled reading and dyslexia in children.
Pushing the Limits of Participatory Video: Exploring Transgressive Voices through Researcher-Participant Minor Video-Making as a Non-Representational Practice
Authors: Iwase Masayuki
Published: August 2024

This article inquires into participatory researchers’ ‘representational’ practices in relation to sharing power with minority participants through collaborative video-making processes. The author argues that there is a limit to attaining such a political and ethical end because a ‘representational’ logic seemingly operates as the theoretical and methodological underpinning for participatory video, which undercuts its ability to represent the voices of collaborators. This article takes into account Shannon Walsh’s (2014) emphasis that “if participatory video is to be a significant method within a project for social change, we must push its limits, and its politics” (p. 140). This article does so by drawing on a ‘non-representational’ approach (Vannini, 2015) and the concept of ‘transgressive voices’ (Jackson & Mazzei, 2009). The author discusses his experience with Deleuze-inspired ‘minor video-making’ as a relational and affective practice in which participants, tangible and intangible research objects and environments, and the researcher himself became relationally entangled to falsify any predetermined essentialized identity and to compose a powerful new body. In the unfolding of transgressive voices in the specific liminal space or moments during the minor video-making, the author ‘intensively and immanently reads’ (Masny & Cole, 2012) the entanglements during storyboarding, rehearsing, shooting, and editing.
DINEOF Interpolation of Global Ocean Color Data: Error Analysis and Masking
Authors: Zhao Haipeng , Matsuoka Atsushi , Manizza Manfredi , Winter Amos
Published: August 2024

The Data Interpolation Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) algorithm is used to reconstruct datasets of geophysical and biological variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl a). In this study, we analyze the impact of both the quantity and distribution of missing data on the performance of DINEOF demonstrating how DINEOF plus a connectivity mask can be used for future data reconstruction tasks. We propose an enhanced version of DINEOF (DINEOF+) by adding two steps: 1) Using a 75% threshold of missing data for reconstructing incomplete datasets and 2) masking interpolated points that lack sufficient space–time observations in the original dataset. We successfully apply DINEOF+ to the Ocean Color Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) global daily Chl a dataset and validate the results using in situ datasets. We find that the recovery rate varies across ocean basins and years. In oligotrophic waters, the daily data coverage increased by 40%–50% during the period from 2003 to 2020. Using DINEOF+ allows us to obtain a significantly higher temporal resolution of global Chl a data, which will improve understanding of marine phytoplankton dynamics in response to changing environments.

Significance Statement

We perform an error analysis on the application of DINEOF for reconstructing a global Chl a dataset. The results of this analysis illustrate the impact of missing data—both in terms of quantity and distribution—on the performance of DINEOF. We propose using DINEOF+, an enhanced version of DINEOF that adds an editing step to mask out interpolated points based on the number of surrounding observations in the original input. The performance of DINEOF+ was validated using both simulated and in situ datasets. The results indicate that employing this masking technique effectively reduces biased estimates of missing data. DINEOF+ can be applied to other biogeochemical variables. However, caution is advised when dealing with observations characterized by high variance.
Analytical performance evaluation of the GreenCare A1c and Cera-Stat HbA1c point-of-care testing assays
Authors: Lee Joon Hee , Jun Sun-Hee , Lee Jikyo , Song Sang Hoon , Lee Kyunghoon
Published: August 2024

Background

The escalating prevalence of diabetes underscores the need for precise diagnostic tools to facilitate effective management. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a crucial biomarker for long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients. Point-of-care testing (POCT) for HbA1c offers rapid, accessible alternatives to conventional laboratory methods, but uncertainties persist regarding the accuracy and reliability of POCT assays.

Methods

This study evaluates the analytical performance of two boronate-affinity based HbA1c POCT assays, the GreenCare A1c and Cera-Stat HbA1c. Various analytical parameters including precision, linearity, comparison, and accuracy are assessed following guidelines from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), with results applied to certification criteria from the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). Furthermore, 52 and 13 frozen EDTA whole blood samples were respectively used for additional evaluation of accuracy and interference due to Hb variants for the GreenCare A1c assay.

Results

Both GreenCare and Cera-Stat demonstrated good precision (repeatability CV% 1.5-1.9 and total imprecision CV% 1.6–2.2), linearity (R2 = 0.9996 & 0.9990), and correlation (r = 0.982 & 0.978) with an established HbA1c analyzer, the Bio-Rad D100. The GreenCare also exhibited good accuracy with frozen EDTA samples with known HbA1c values. Both assays met the certification criteria from NGSP and IFCC, classifying them as “standard” according to IFCC model for quality targets for HbA1c.

Conclusions

This evaluation affirms the reliability of GreenCare and Cera-Stat POCT assays for HbA1c measurements, which can potentially reduce unnecessary referrals and enhance the overall quality of diabetes diagnosis and treatment.
Driver Situation Awareness for Regaining Control from Conditionally Automated Vehicles: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Authors: Tan Xiaomei , Zhang Yiqi
Published: August 2024

Objective

An up-to-date and thorough literature review is needed to identify factors that influence driver situation awareness (SA) during control transitions in conditionally automated vehicles (AV). This review also aims to ascertain SA components required for takeovers, aiding in the design and evaluation of human–vehicle interfaces (HVIs) and the selection of SA assessment methodologies.

Background

Conditionally AVs alleviate the need for continuous road monitoring by drivers yet necessitate their reengagement during control transitions. In these instances, driver SA is crucial for effective takeover decisions and subsequent actions. A comprehensive review of influential SA factors, SA components, and SA assessment methods will facilitate driving safety in conditionally AVs but is still lacking.

Method

A systematic literature review was conducted. Thirty-four empirical research articles were screened out to meet the criteria for inclusion and exclusion.

Results

A conceptual framework was developed, categorizing 23 influential SA factors into four clusters: task/system, situational, individual, and nondriving-related task factors. The analysis also encompasses an examination of pertinent SA components and corresponding HVI designs for specific takeover events, alongside an overview of SA assessment methods for conditionally AV takeovers.

Conclusion

The development of a conceptual framework outlining influential SA factors, the examination of SA components and their suitable design of presentation, and the review of SA assessment methods collectively contribute to enhancing driving safety in conditionally AVs.

Application

This review serves as a valuable resource, equipping researchers and practitioners with insights to guide their efforts in evaluating and enhancing driver SA during conditionally AV takeovers.
Nasopharyngeal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Management
Authors: Ghammam Monia , Houas Jihene , Belhadj-Miled Heyfa , Yacoub Sarra , Chaieb Selma , Bellakhdher Mouna , Abdelkefi Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an extremely rare malignancy arising from follicular dendritic cells accounting for less than 0.4% of all soft tissue sarcomas. While it can manifest in various anatomical locations, its occurrence in the nasopharynx is particularly uncommon with only 10 reported cases in the English literature. This case report describes a 45-year-old woman who complained of persistent neck swelling, nasal obstruction, and left ear fullness. Imaging showed a nasopharyngeal process and cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsies confirmed FDCS. Treatment included chemotherapy and radiation, resulting in a favorable outcome with no recurrence during 2 years of follow-up.
Residual stress and crystallite size analysis of SMAT on AA7075-T6
Authors: Yarar Eser , Erturk A Tamer , Karabay Sedat
Published: August 2024

The study examines how SMAT influences the microstructure, dislocation density, and residual stress of AA7075-T6 alloy. SMAT involves the repeated impact of shots on a material surface within a vibration chamber, inducing severe plastic deformation and grain refinement. The study explores the interplay between vibration-induced shot effects and their impact on surface properties, emphasizing the importance of optimizing process parameters for improved material performance. Experimental analyses, including surface and subsurface microstructure examinations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, and residual stress evaluations, are conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SMAT. Results indicate that SMAT leads to significant plastic deformation, grain size reduction, increased dislocation density, and microstrain. The treatment produces a nanocrystallite layer, enhancing material properties. Residual stress measurements reveal a surface stress of −245 MPa, increasing to −360 MPa at 50 µm depth. The proposed multiple impact model accurately predicts deformation behavior, highlighting the deep pit regions formed during SMAT. This comprehensive investigation provides insights into the dynamic nature of SMAT and its potential for enhancing material properties. By integrating experimental findings with numerical modeling approaches, the study advances our understanding of SMAT-induced plastic deformation mechanisms and residual stress profiles.
Tract embolization with gelatin sponge after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein intervention
Authors: Shibata Eisuke , Takao Hidemasa , Abe Osamu
Published: August 2024

Background

Bleeding from the puncture tract after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein intervention can become life-threatening. To date, studies about tract embolization with gelatin sponge after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein intervention are only with small numbers of patients, or non-consecutive or pediatric patients with a relatively small sheath in diameter.

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tract embolization with gelatin sponge strips after percutaneous transhepatic poral vein access.

Material and Methods

Between September 2017 and February 2024, 100 consecutive patients (61 men, 39 women; mean age = 53 ± 15 years) underwent a total of 105 portal vein interventions using a percutaneous transhepatic approach. Tract embolization for the removal of 6–8 Fr sheath was performed using gelatin sponge strips in all procedures, including 71 portal vein embolization before major hepatectomy, 27 portal balloon venoplasty or stent placement after liver transplantation, and seven other interventions.

Results

No bleeding occurred after tract embolization with gelatin sponge strips. Minor portal vein thrombosis was detected in three procedures after liver transplantation and in one procedure for portal vein stenosis caused by essential thrombocytopenia. Thrombosis occurred in the punctured portal vein branch in all procedures. Thrombosis was not clinically relevant in any patient, and it was difficult to differentiate whether thrombosis was caused by sheath placement or the inserted gelatin sponge.

Conclusion

Tract embolization with gelatin sponge strips after percutaneous transhepatic portal vein intervention is a safe and feasible method for preventing hemorrhage from the puncture tract.
Dynamic decarburisation model of AOD process: Based upon the FactSage-Macro Programme
Authors: Singha Prasenjit
Published: August 2024

Improving the quality of stainless-steel hinges significantly on precisely managing decarburisation within the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) process. This study introduces a dynamic model capable of accurately predicting the composition and weight of steel and slag. To thoroughly investigate the refining processes, a systematic analysis was conducted, integrating three essential adiabatic zones within the AOD converter: the continuous stirred-tank reactor, slag bath and plug flow reactor, supported by circulation and recirculation streams. FactSageTM software and its macro facility were utilised to identify the different phases present in steel and slag. This dynamic model not only forecasts critical process parameters like temperature, composition and volume of multiple phases but also enables the prediction of the final chromium content for different initial carbon inputs, specifically at 2%, 1.5% and 1 wt.%. By comparing the model's predictions with actual plant data, it was observed that the transient compositions of steel and slag exhibited consistency, confirming the model's validity and reliability in simulating AOD refining processes.
Tissue-engineered sub-urethral sling with muscle-derived cells for urethral sphincter regeneration in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Naji Mohammad , Ansari Elham , Besharati Sepideh , Hajiabbas Maryam , Mohammadi Torbati Peyman , Asghari Vostikolaee Mohammad Hassan , Hajinasrollah Mostafa , Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh
Published: August 2024

Background:

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a widespread condition affecting more than 200 million people worldwide. Common treatments for this condition include retropubic colposuspension, and pelvic sling methods, which use autologous grafts or synthetic materials to support the bladder neck and urethral sphincter. Although these treatments have a cure rate of over 80%, adverse effects and recurrence may still occur. Several studies have focused on the potential of cell therapy. Muscle-derived cells (MDCs) can be easily obtained from small biopsied striated muscular tissues and possess superior multi-lineage differentiation and self-renewal capacity.

Methods:

Based on the unique characteristics of MDCs and previous favorable results in muscle regeneration, we fabricated a chitosan-gelatin hydrogel sling loaded with MDCs in a rat model of SUI. Leak point pressure and histological indices regarding inflammation, muscular atrophy, and collagen density were assessed to compare the effectiveness of cell injection and cell-laden sling.

Results:

The level of LPP was significantly reduced in the MODEL group versus the control animals. The LPP level was considerably higher in CELL INJECTION, SLING, and CELL/SLING groups compared to the MODEL group but did not reach the significance threshold. The inflammation rate was significantly lower in the CELL/SLING group compared to the SLING group.

Conclusion:

The CELL/SLING group showed less atrophy compared to the other experimental groups, indicating that the cells may have higher viability on SLING than through injection. This also suggests that in long-term studies, as the degradation rate of hydrogels increases, the function of cells will become more apparent.
Gut microbiota alterations in renal transplant recipients and the risk of urinary tract infection and delayed graft function: A preliminary prospective study
Authors: Jelveh Moghaddam Erfan , Pourmand Gholamreza , Ahmadi Badi Sara , Yarmohammadi Hossein , Soltanipur Masood , Mahalleh Mehrdad , Rezaei Mahdi , Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Siadat Seyed Davar
Published: August 2024

Background:

The implication of gut microbiota in the gut-kidney axis affects the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Gut microbiota composition changes during CKD. We aimed to determine the relative frequency of important gut microbiota members in end-stage renal disease (ERSD) patients before and after renal transplantation compared to healthy subjects.

Methods:

Fifteen kidney transplant patients and 10 healthy subjects were recruited in this case-control prospective study. Fecal samples were taken sequentially from all patients before kidney transplantation, 1 week, and 1 month after it. The relative frequency of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium pruasnitzii were determined through quantitative PCR. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by Stata software (Stata Corporation, USA).

Results:

The mean log number of all bacteria was significantly higher in healthy individuals than kidney transplant recipients ( p < 0.001) except for Lactobacillus where the mean levels were almost identical in the two groups ( p = 0.67). Moreover, 20% (3) of patients developed a urinary tract infection. Besides, 2 (13.33%) patients were diagnosed with delayed graft function. There were no statistically significant differences regarding changing trends in bacteria log number of Akkermansia muciniphila ( p = 0.12), Bacteroid fragilis ( p = 0.75), Bifidobacterium ( p = 0.99), Escherichia coli ( p = 0.5), Faecalibacterium ( p = 0.98), and Lactobacilli ( p = 0.93) between patients with and without delayed graft function (DGF).

Conclusion:

Gut microbiota composition in patients with ESRD was significantly different from those without it. However, the microbiota profile did not significantly differ in patients with and without DGF.
Designing an Inclusive Artificial Intelligence (AI) Curriculum for Elementary Students to Address Gender Differences With Collaborative and Tangible Approaches
Authors: Kim Keunjae , Kwon Kyungbin
Published: August 2024

This study presents an inclusive K-12 AI curriculum for elementary schools, focusing on six design principles to address gender disparities. The curriculum, designed by the researchers and an elementary teacher, uses tangible tools, and emphasizes collaboration in solving daily problems. The MANOVA results revealed initial gender differences in AI knowledge. Following MANCOVA analysis showed significant improvements in AI knowledge, as well as perceptions and behavioral intentions toward AI, effectively bridging the observed knowledge gaps without any significant differences attributed to gender or initial knowledge levels. This evidence underscores the success of tangible and collaborative AI interventions in uniformly enhancing AI knowledge and positively changing perceptions and behavioral intentions among all participants, regardless of gender. Both female and non-binary students felt increased engagement and reduced anxiety toward AI, with improved comprehension and a preference for collaborative learning. This study contributes to the design of inclusive AI interventions, highlighting gender differences and including non-binary students as an essential part of the analysis.
Service Delivery Models and Outcomes for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Kaler Lindsey , Markham Jessica , Jones Nathan D.
Published: August 2024

In this systematic literature review, we examine the corpus of empirical studies in education that use administrative data (i.e., population-level data) to describe and estimate the impacts of service delivery models for specially designed instruction on outcomes for students identified with special education needs. We focus on studies that use quantitative data analysis—either descriptive or causal—to answer questions about the relationship between special education service delivery models and student outcomes. We analyze seven studies, each of which finds a positive relationship between more time spent in general education classrooms and outcomes for students with disabilities (SWDs). In our analysis, we discuss the affordances and limitations of this type of analysis and opportunities for the field to expand data collection and analysis of population-level data in a way that better illuminates the state of special education services, both in the present and longitudinally, for SWDs.
The Intersectionality of Race and Gender in Palliative Care Services Utilization Among Critically-Ill Necrotizing Pancreatitis Patients: Analysis of a Large Nationwide Database in the United States
Authors: Escobar Gil Tomas , Quazi Mohammed A , Sohail Amir Humza , Butt Muhammad Ali , Goyal Aman , Sultan Sulaiman , Sheikh Farooq Ali , Khan Muhammad Salman , Sheikh Abu Baker
Published: August 2024

Objective

Necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is a severe form of pancreatitis that often necessitates intensive care and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate racial and gender disparities in palliative care (PC) utilization among mechanically-ventilated patients with NP.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020, we investigated 84 335 patients with NP requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and the utilization of PC services and their disparities based on gender and race. To adjust for potential confounding factors, we employed multivariable logistic regression, ensuring that our findings account for various influencing variables and provide a robust analysis of the data.

Results

Among the patients studied, 15.4% utilized PC consultations. Notably, female patients were 12% more likely to utilize PC than their male counterparts (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.003-1.2; P = .008). Racial disparities were pronounced: African Americans (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P < .001), Hispanic (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P = .001), and Asian or Pacific Islander patients (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97; P = .03) had significantly lower odds of utilizing PC compared to White patients. The cohort utilizing PC had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (74.7% vs 24.8%; OR 8.2, 95% CI 7.7-9.2) but a shorter mean hospital stays and lower associated costs.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate significant racial and gender disparities in the utilization of PC for intubated patients with NP, with lower utilization among males and minority populations. These findings emphasize the urgent requirement for comprehensive changes in healthcare protocols.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of an advanced primary care pharmacist pilot training program as a strategy to enhance team-based primary care
Authors: Papoushek Christine , Hadden Heather , Austin Zubin , Leong Christine , Christian Scott , Jorgensen Derek , Kwan Debora , Kellar Jamie , Cooper Janet
Published: August 2024

Canada’s 50,000+ pharmacists play a crucial role in the comprehensive delivery of primary care. Recognizing this, a program in alignment with the Team Primary Care national initiative was developed to enhance their skills and knowledge in collaborative care, aiming to cultivate advanced primary care pharmacist leaders. The curriculum development involved aligning activities with pharmacist roles and competencies, emphasizing interprofessional teamwork. A mixed-methods evaluation revealed positive outcomes: 14/15 pharmacists completed the program, reporting improved readiness for team-based care. All non-pharmacist team members expressed a desire for continued pharmacist collaboration. Overall, satisfaction was high among participants and team members, indicating success in training. The program’s comprehensive approach, covering primary care landscape, clinical skills, teaching, change management, and advocacy, empowered pharmacists to integrate team-based care and contribute to positive change in primary care settings. Training more pharmacists with this program is one of the many strategies to further establish and optimize team-based primary care.
Changing ways to learn seamanship in Europe circa 1600–1920: Books, institutions and sociopolitical contexts
Authors: Davids Karel
Published: August 2024

Seamanship is the art of handling and manoeuvring a ship. For centuries, seamanship skills were transmitted not in writing, but by hands-on instruction on board. However, between circa 1600 and 1920, this ‘tacit’ knowledge was increasingly made ‘explicit’ in printed literature. Why did this happen? To answer this question, this article analyses dozens of books on seamanship produced in Britain, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. It discusses the different genres, the background of the authors and the intended reading publics. It shows that the transformation occurred almost simultaneously across Europe and that it was not triggered by technological change. The article argues that the explanation instead can be found in the rise of new institutions for the education and selection of seamen, which was linked with the growing aspirations of states and other organizations to gain more control over the quality of the personnel needed to man their ships.
Nonprofit Chief Executive Compensation: Implications of Board Governance Activities
Authors: Bernstein Ruth Sessler , Fredette Christopher , Postlethwaite Bennett E.
Published: August 2024

Using secondary data collected as part of a national survey of nonprofit organizations, this research examines compensation outcomes of 704 nonprofit Chief Executives (CEO), integrating and social and performative aspects of governing/governance to explain compensation (in)equity. Theorizing governance as a socially complex and functionally consequential arena, we examine the impact of social categorization and identity fit between CEO Ethno-Racial Demography and Board Ethno-Racial Variety prior to overlaying the influence of three forms of governance activity: Fiduciary Oversight, Internal Awareness, and External Engagement. We employ serial multiple mediation regression analysis to test direct and indirect effects of demographic diversity and governance activity for nonprofit CEO compensation outcomes. We found compensation of ethno-racialized CEOs is higher when their organizations have diverse boards. Therefore, boards of directors must be cognizant of board composition, the potential for subjectivity and bias, and the impact these factors can have on CEO compensation and compensation equity.
Participation for protection: New perspectives on the value of young people’s involvement in research addressing sexual violence
Authors: Warrington Camille , Benchekroun Rachel , Millar Hannah , Whittington Elsie , Bradley Louise , Elizabeth Megan , Hamilton CJ , Howard Keeley , Poingdestre Evie , Walker Kirsche
Published: August 2024

Within our research to address sexual violence, we have developed an approach supporting collaboration between young people and academic staff called YRAP (Young Researchers Advisory Panel). YRAP exists to support young people’s influence in research addressing sexual violence – both in our university and beyond. In this article, current and former YRAP members, as well as current and former academic supporting staff, reflect on our experiences and learning. We also highlight the importance of finding new ways to explain the value and contribution of our work through the development of an infographic and model called Participation as Protection.
Comparative analysis of different spacing policies for longitudinal control in vehicle platooning
Authors: Viet Hung Nguyen , Luu Duc Lich , Pham Quoc Thai , Lupu Ciprian
Published: August 2024

Most existing automated driving vehicles in the platoon equipped with an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems and a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems have mainly focused on enhancing safety, improving traffic efficiency problems, and reducing workload. The spacing strategy is the core of all platoon designs, and the performance of an ACC/CACC systems hinges on the select of the spacing strategy. Although, in the literature, there are many papers dealing with platoon control, detailed explanations of the operating mechanisms of two types of spacing policies including the Headway Spacing Strategy (CTHS), and Constant Spacing Strategy (CSS), and comparative studies on them are still lacking. This work presents the studies of the longitudinal control strategy of a platoon of vehicles equipped with the existing ACC systems and CACC systems under two different spacing policies to evaluate the performances. The contributions in this work are carefully reviewed and the operating mechanisms and characteristics of two different spacing policies: the CTHS and CSS, the general evaluation criteria for spacing strategies are provided and their advantages and disadvantages are based on the numerical results. Both numerical simulations and experiments with a platoon of smart cars in real-time have demonstrated the effectiveness and practicability of the presented methodology.
Internal flow stability analysis of vertical mixed-flow pump device based on EGT and FFT
Authors: Jin Xiaoyu , Yang Fan , Sun Shengjie , Xie Rongsheng , Zhou Guangxin , Tang Fangping
Published: August 2024

With the purpose of researching the internal flow stability of the vertical mixed-flow pump device (VMFPD), the entire flow field was solved through the very large-eddy simulation (VLES) k- ω model and the internal flow characteristics of the pump device were quantitatively analyzed with the use of the energy gradient theory (EGT) along with the physical parameters of the flow field. The research elucidates the variety rule of the pressure along the VMFPD and the energy gradient function K as well as the time-frequency features of the pressure pulsation (PP) in the impeller and guide vane. The results demonstrate that the solid wall restriction of the guide vane and the impeller rotation cause a significant shift in the velocity and direction of the water flow. This causes a significant pressure difference between the water bodies, which makes it easier to create an unstable flow. The suction surface of the impeller blade possesses the great concentration of the area with energy gradient function K > 107, which is the critical area influencing the internal flow stability of the pump device.
Jean-Nicolas Marjolin (1780–1850): An ulcer, an anthrax, and a rose
Authors: Olry Régis
Published: August 2024

Jean-Nicolas Marjolin was a 19th century French anatomist and surgeon. Although not strictly speaking a pivotal figure in history of medicine, he deserves to be known for at least three reasons. He (more or less accurately) described a type of ulcer which is nowadays referred to as Marjolin's ulcer (1828); he had the privilege of operating on the world-famous Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord for an anthrax (1838); and a rose has been named after him since 1860.
Brand Personality and Loyalty as Drivers of Repurchase Intentions: Evidence from Pakistani Mobile Phone Users
Authors: Rahman Assad , Rehman Amjad Ur , Iqbal Mazhar , Ahmed Adeel
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of brand personality and brand loyalty on repurchase intention of Pakistani mobile phone users. The population for this study comprised master’s students at large public sector universities of Pakistan. Results of 318 responses indicate that sincerity, competence, ruggedness and sophistication significantly predicted brand loyalty, while the excitement dimension of brand personality failed to predict brand loyalty. It was also found that brand loyalty positively predicted the repurchase intentions among mobile phone users of Pakistan. The study also tested the moderating role of relative brand identification in the relationship between brand loyalty and brand repurchase intentions. By making overall significant contributions to the existing body of literature, the test of moderated regression analysis indicates the presence of a moderating role of relative brand identification. With remarkable contributions, this research presents valuable insights to marketers and stakeholders, helping them to understand brand personality, rebuild marketing strategies, boost brand loyalty, grasp relative brand identification, gain a competitive edge, make informed decisions and stay relevant in the market.
Social Vulnerability for Polysubstance Use: Exploring the Substance Use Initiation and Pattern among Children with Cumulative Trauma
Authors: Kashyap Kinnari , Panda Satyananda
Published: August 2024

Background:

Due to a concerning rise in reported cases of childhood abuse in India, this study was initiated with the aim of uncovering the social determinants contributing to childhood trauma. Moreover, the second objective of the study was to discuss substance use initiation and patterns among children with cumulative trauma.

Method:

As a result, an in-depth interview served as a primary source of viewpoints to examine the essential objective. The study was conducted on children with a history of abuse. Twenty-eight children in the age group of 13–18 years (Mage = 16) residing in child-care institutes in Assam were taken into consideration.

Results:

Content analysis indicated child care and education, parental divorce or remarriage, domestic violence, family mental illness, household substance misuse, parental health, parental crime, poverty, and sexual and physical violence as social determinants of health for childhood trauma. Children reported using alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, cough syrup, inhalants such as paint, and glue, chewables such as betel nut and Gutka (chewing tobacco), and pharmaceutical tablets. Initiation and pattern of substance use among early initiators were likely to be encouraged by detrimental peer influence, indicating substance abuse as normal behavior and the family’s role in shaping children’s pattern of substance use. Problematic patterns of substance use were identified, for instance, health consequences, neglect of responsibilities, and increased daily frequency.

Conclusion:

The results of this study may offer practical insights for healthcare professionals, enhancing their comprehension and addressing the social determinants of health indicating trauma and referring them to appropriate treatments. A holistic approach, which encompasses the collaboration of policymakers and healthcare providers, is vital for fostering health equity, thereby potentially preventing child abuse, childhood trauma and subsequent recidivism of substance use.
Book review: Malavika Kapur, From Freud to Zuckerberg and Back
Authors: Punnoose Varghese P , Kallivayalil Roy Abraham
Published: August 2024

Malavika Kapur, From Freud to Zuckerberg and Back. New Delhi, India: Storywell Books Foundation, 2024, 230 pp., ₹599, ISBN- 978-93-95373-21-0.
State Institutions and Development in South Africa: The Case of Two State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Khambule Isaac
Published: August 2024

The debate on state institutions in the economic development of developing countries has been ongoing for the past three decades. In the 1980s, the debate was dominated by the importance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and transitioned to the privatisation of SOEs in the early1990s. The debate re-emerged in 2010 due to the increasing influence of Chinese SOEs in the global economy. While the corporatisation of SOEs led to financial results being the core measure of good governance and performance, balancing financial performance with societal socio-economic impact is necessary for developing nations as SOEs are established to stimulate social and economic development. This article uses secondary data to explore the social and economic impact of two South African SOEs—the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) and the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA)—to contribute to the ongoing debate on the importance of state institutions on the development of developing countries. The article demonstrates the criticalness of the IDC in stimulating the country’s industrial development capacity and structural transformation, whereas the DBSA provides infrastructure investment to enable structural transformation through an enabling development ecosystem. While contributing to the merits of the state and development, failures and areas of interventions are also discussed.
Navigating the playing field: Reimagining the sports industry in the face of accelerated climate change
Authors: Szathmári Attila
Published: August 2024

Does faster-than-expected climate change represent a feasible challenge or an irresolvable dilemma for the sports industry? This paper acknowledges the sports sector's environmental impact. It aims to challenge the prevailing belief in constant economic growth by proposing integrating Degrowth principles into sports to support the shift towards sustainable practices. The study presents an innovative participatory mixed-method technique that entailed backcasting and a Delphi survey involving 21 sports experts worldwide in a meaningful discussion about the strategic awareness of climate change. The discoveries emphasise the importance of (i) sharing resources and inclusive access (ii) adopting a community-centric and low-impact practices approach, in addressing climate change. The findings focus on the pressing requirement for the sports sector to take a proactive stance and could have a considerable impact on the ongoing debate about the need for a systemic overhaul of sports that draws upon the principles of ecological economics and Degrowth.
How to Listen Through a Wall: Lessons From Conducting Participatory Action Research in an Urban Prison
Authors: Rell Emalie , O’Connell Daniel , Chambers Darryl , Visher Christy , Niness Mackenzie , Brakeley Paige
Published: August 2024

This project sought to understand the present-day experiences of individuals housed in prisons by utilizing Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods that partnered a university research team with individuals incarcerated in an urban correctional facility. The team assessed perceptions of the current environment by surveying people incarcerated in an urban prison. This article discusses the role of PAR methodologies from project initiation to finalization, explicitly focusing on coordination with prison and Department of Correction (DOC) administrative leadership and the value of including incarcerated individuals on the research team for successful change. Throughout the process, the team identified areas for improvement and innovations to improve the prison environment. This article provides a road map, lessons learned from conducting PAR in prison environments, and the power of partnering researchers and members of the researched population on one collaborative research team.
Creating “a Safe Place to Go”: Yarning With Health Workers About Stroke Recovery Care for Aboriginal Stroke Survivors—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Janssen Heidi , Owen Simone , Thompson Amy , Newberry-Dupe Jackson , Ciccone Natalie , Smallwood Reakeeta , Neville Sampson Uncle , Brandy Vickie , Miller Joe , Trindall Aunty Audrey , Peake Rachel , Usher Kim , Levi Christopher ,   The Yarning up After Stroke Collaborative Group
Published: August 2024

Stroke affects Aboriginal people at disproportionate rates compared to other populations in Australia. Aboriginal peoples are less likely to receive a timely stroke diagnosis, or timely culturally responsive treatment, as there are very few stroke resources and recovery plans that have been developed by Aboriginal peoples for Aboriginal peoples. Understanding how to develop and implement culturally responsive stroke care requires research approaches that are informed by and with Aboriginal people. A qualitative Indigenous research methodology including “yarning” was undertaken to understand the experiences of both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health workers from nine health services providing stroke rehabilitation and recovery support to Aboriginal people living within the participating communities. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach driven by an Indigenous research approach. Yarns revealed three themes: (i) the role of culturally safe health environments to support stroke survivors, their family, and health workers; and how (ii) complicated, under-resourced systems impede the capacity to support stroke survivors; and (iii) collaborative and adaptive practices prevent people “falling through the cracks.” This study highlights the need to scrutinize the cultural safety of health care, current health systems, workforce, and culture and how these influence the capacity of health workers to provide care that is responsive to the individual needs of Aboriginal stroke survivors and their families. These learnings will inform the co-design of a culturally responsive stroke recovery care strategy to improve the recovery experience and health and well-being of Aboriginal people and their families living with stroke.