bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Affecting 90-day Readmission of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ghahramani Sulmaz , Tamartash Zahra , Sayari Mohammad , Vahedi Homayoun , Karimian Fatemeh , Heydari Sadegh , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The rate of hospital readmission is seen as a measure of quality and accountability. Knowing the risk factors that can be changed could reduce the cost burden on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the health system. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the data extracted from hospital records during a 4-year period. The study setting encompassed three referral hospitals in Tehran and the south of Iran. The primary outcome was hospital readmission of patients with IBD. The factors associated with binary and categorical dependent variables were analyzed using robust logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively. The significance level was set at P=0.05. RESULTS: 187 patients were admitted during the 4-year study period for an IBD-related reason, among whom 131 patients (70.1%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 56 patients (29.9%) had Crohn’s disease (CD). Moreover, 29% (55) of the participants had been readmitted at least once during the study period, and seven patients with IBD had been readmitted five or more times during the study period. Corticosteroids (OR=4.55, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.65- 12.55) and chronic pain (OR=6.65, 95% CI: 1.73-25.62) were two factors associated with their readmission within 90 days. For the patients with five or more times of readmissions, Corticosteroids (RRR=5.68), chronic pain (RRR=5.05), length of hospital stay (RRR=0.69), and age (RRR=0.9) could significantly explain the hospital readmissions. CONCLUSION: About one in seven hospitalizations of patients with IBD leads to 30-day readmission. Moreover, younger patients with IBD and shorter length of hospital stay were more likely to be readmitted five or more times during the study period. The use of corticosteroids and the presence of chronic pain were predictors of 90-day readmission. More studies are needed to detect the best management plan for chronic pains.
Colonoscopy Complications in an Iranian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ali Asgari Ali , Sazgarnejad Saharnaz , Haghdoost Bahar , Ghasemi Tirtashi Marjan , Sadeghi Anahita , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure with a limited number of adverse events. Few studies have addressed the rate of adverse events in teaching hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the rate of complications after colonoscopy performed by gastroenterology fellows in a teaching hospital in Tehran. METHODS: A historical cohort study was carried out to link the colonoscopy reports and the hospital information system to identify serious adverse events leading to unplanned hospitalization, unplanned procedures or interventions (e.g. surgery), prolongation of existing hospitalization, or death within 30 days after colonoscopy. RESULTS: We included 9928 colonoscopies (mean age of the patients 53.0±15.9 years, 52.3% men) in this study. In-hospital patients comprised (34.8%) of the procedures. The indications of colonoscopy included 7137 diagnostic (71.9%), and 2519 screening (25.4%) reasons. Colorectal polyps were found in 2005 (20.2%) patients. Major complications were seen in 17 patients (0.2%), including serious bleeding in seven patients, cardiopulmonary complications in five patients, perforation in four patients, and sepsis in one patient. CONCLUSION: Serious adverse events after colonoscopy are relatively rare. The rate of complications does not appear to be higher in an academic teaching hospital when performed by fellows under supervision.
Development of a Patient Decision Aid to Help People Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tamizifar Babak , Ehsani Maryam , Farzi Sedigheh , Adibi Peyman , Taleghani Fariba , Farzi Saba , Shahriari Mohsen , Moladoost Azam
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Patient decision aid (PDA) is a tool, which helps the improvement of shared decisionmaking and is a part of the paradigm shift from physician-centered decisions to patient-centered shared decision making. In this study, we aimed to describe the process used to develop a PDA for facilitating shared decision-making about treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need medication (corticosteroid, azathioprine, anti-TNF, and infliximab) or surgery. METHODS: The development process of PDA included: 1) The development of a prototype based on literature review and interview 2) ‘Alpha’ testing with patients and clinicians 3) ‘Beta’ testing in real conditions and 4) The production of a final version. This process took about 12 months (2019-2020). The participants were adult patients with IBD, gastroenterologists, and nurses. RESULTS: The final PDA contains four important sections: 1) Introduction about IBD disease, the purpose of developing PDA, and emphasis on shared decision-making 2) Benefits and risks of main medicines 3) The success rate as well as the incidence of complications after surgery, and 4) The conclusion about patients’ satisfaction with PDA to choose the treatment options. Besides, PDA evaluation in the real world setting showed that 100% of physicians (n=4) and 86% of patients (n=12) were completely satisfied with the content of the PDA and considered it applicable and useful. CONCLUSION: This PDA can help patients participate in the shared decision-making process and select the best medical and surgical treatment methods. The feedback received from clinicians and patients showed their satisfaction with using the PDA.
The Effects of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Liver Function and Metabolic Profile in Non-diabetic Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A 5-year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jamali Arsia , Karbalai Shahrokh , Tefagh Ghazale , Jamali Raika , Ahmadi Ayat
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effects of Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication on liver function tests (LFT) and fat content (LFC) in non-diabetic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included dyspeptic HP infected non-diabetic NASH participants. The intervention arm received HP eradication treatment, while the control arm did not get any HP treatment. In the meantime, the standard management of NASH was performed in both trial arms. Mean alterations in LFT were the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes included the mean changes in LFC and serum metabolic profile. The trial follow-up period was 5 years. RESULTS: 40 participants (female: 20), with a mean age of 41.58 (±12.31) years, were enrolled in the study. The HP eradication arm included 20 participants (female: 11) with a mean age of 40.25 (±10.59) years, and the control arm consisted of 20 individuals (female: 9) with a mean age of 42.90 (±13.97) years. The tests of within-subjects effects showed a significant decrease in mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P=0.007), triglyceride (TG; P=0.04), cholesterol (P=0.004), and fasting blood sugar (FBS; P<0.001), and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL; P=0.04) in both research groups during the study period. The tests of between-subjects effects demonstrated a more significant decrement of FBS in HP eradicated patients than the controls (P=0.02). The reduction in waist circumference, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, insulin, and LFC were more prominent in the intervention group than the controls; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Adding HP eradication treatment to standard NASH treatment showed more therapeutic effect thanthe standard NASH treatment protocol alone regarding the decrement of FBS in participants with dyspeptic non-diabetic NASH. Considering the non-statistically significant improvement in other metabolic indices and LFT in this trial, further studies are recommended.
Evaluation of Inflammatory Cytokine and Anti Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shamsdin Seyedeh Azra , Khazraei Hajar , Rahimi Jaberi Abass , Zamani Mozhdeh , Rafiee Monjezi Mohammad
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigari. Previous studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with treatment and clinical response to Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: 75 patients who suffered from Parkinson’s disease and H. pylori infection and 91 healthy controls were recruited. All the subjects were evaluated for serum IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 cytokines by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA)methods. RESULTS: The participants included 102 men and 64 women with a mean age of 66±10.2 and 52.6±10.7 years in the patients and control groups, respectively. The level of IgG, TNF-α, IL-6 in the patients with Parkinson’s infected with H. pylori was significantly more than that in the control group. In contrast, IgA was significantly lower in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Probably, persistent infection with H. pylori could be effective in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease by dominating the systemic inflammatory profile. It is suggested that pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by H. pylori infection through the promotion of immune response or neurotoxicity might have a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Bone Loss Correlated with Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Adult Celiac Patients
Authors: Ganji Azita , Moghbeli Meysam , Moradi Yousef , Babaei Narvan , Baniasad Amir
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy with intestinal and extra-intestinal presentations in genetically predisposed cases. Musculoskeletal problems are one of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations in adult patients with CD. In the present study, we evaluated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in men and premenopausal women with CD who had osteoporosis and osteopenia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 387adult patients with CD who were referred to the Mashhad Celiac Disease Center between 2014 and 2019. We excluded bone loss confounding factors, including cases with endocrine disorders, corticosteroid consumption, smoking, and age of more than 55 years. Factors such as intestinal pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), serum level of anti-tTG, serum vitamin D, and PTH levels were also assessed at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Femoral osteopenia was found in 140 (36.2%) patients, and osteoporosis was observed in 55 (14%) patients. Spinal osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in 127 (33%) and 63 (16.4%) patients, respectively. High levels of PTH were detected in 72/193 (27.2%) of the patients with CD. There was a significant difference between PTH levels in patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and normal BMD (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study showed a correlation between low BMD and PTH levels in patients with CD, which suggests autoimmune endocrine disorder as a cause of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Association of Interleukin-28B Polymorphisms (rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G, rs8099917 T/G) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Iranian Population
Authors: Hajizadeh Leila , Samaei Nader Mansour , Bazgir Afsaneh , Agha Gholizadeh Mehdi , Khosravi Ayoob
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The association of interleukin 28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and HCC has been investigated in several populations. However, the findings are controversial. This study aimed to address the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and the risk of HCC in an Iranian population. METHODS: We have evaluated the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and HCC in 180 Iranian individuals (60 patients with HCC and 120 healthy matched controls) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis and also haplotypes were estimated using the SNPstats online software. RESULTS: There was no significant association between these three polymorphisms of IL-28B and HCC (P>0.05). Moreover, haplotype analysis showed no significant association between the haplotypes and HCC. CONCLUSION: There was no association between IL-28B polymorphisms and HCC in an Iranian population.
Concurrent Collagenous Gastritis and Collagenous Colitis: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ziaei Hossein , Boghratian Amirhossein , Sohrabi Masoudreza , Zare Mehrjardi Ali , Zamani Farhad
Published: August 2022

Collagenous gastritis is a rare gastrointestinal condition, and its presence with collagenous colitis may be an exception. We describe a 31-year-old man with simultaneous collagenous gastritis and collagenous colitis. The patient initially presented with dyspepsia, anemia, and weight loss. Endoscopy assessment revealed irregular gastric atrophy with the normal colon. Gastric biopsies illustrated increased thickness and subepithelial collagen band.
Acute Kidney Injury as a Rare Complication of Acute Hepatitis E in a Child; A Case Report
Authors: Kumar K. Jagadish , Velamala Sowmya , Kumar Krishna , V.G Manjunath
Published: August 2022

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health problem, which infects 20 million individuals every year. The clinical presentation of acute HEV infection is similar to hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, and few affected children may progress to develop acute liver failure. Extrahepatic manifestations involving other systems have been reported with acute and chronic HEV genotype 3 infections both in adults and children. Herein we report acute kidney injury as a rare complication of acute hepatitis E in a child who recovered with a medical line of management.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Steatohepatitis: Risk Factors and Pathophysiology
Authors: Akter Sharmin
Published: August 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive subtype non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most prevalent liver diseases, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review aims to describe the present knowledge of the risk factors responsible for the development of NAFLD and NASH. I performed a literature review identifying studies focusing on the complex pathogenic pathway and risk factors of NAFLD and steatohepatitis. The relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is well established and widely recognized. Obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and insulin resistance are the most common risk factors associated with NAFLD. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, current evidence strongly suggests obesity and type 2 diabetes as risk factors of NASH and HCC. However, other elements, namely gender divergences, ethnicity, genetic factors, participation of innate immune system, oxidative stress, apoptotic pathways, and adipocytokines, take a leading role in the onset and promotion of NAFLD. Pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for NAFLD development and subsequent progression to NASH are insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, cytokine/adipokine signaling pathways, and genetic and environmental factors. Major pathophysiological findings of NAFLD are dysfunction of adipose tissue through the enhanced flow of free fatty acids (FFAs) and release of adipokines, and altered gut microbiome that generate proinflammatory signals and cause NASH progression. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of NAFLD and NASH; this review could provide insight into the development of therapeutic strategies and useful diagnostic tools.
Introducing New Potential Biomarkers for Celiac Disease among the Genes Extracted from General Databases
Authors: Khalkhal Ensieh , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Asri Nastaran , Nobakht Fatemeh , Jahani-Sherafat Somayeh , Haidari Mohammad Hosain , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines play roles in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. To introduce new diagnostic markers in patients with celiac disease for easy, fast, low cost, and non-invasive diagnosis, we evaluated the peripheral blood expression levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin23A (IL-23A), granzyme B (GzmB), T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21), and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) of patients compared with the healthy controls, which were extracted from public databases organized in a protein-protein interaction network, in this group. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 30 patients with celiac disease and 30 healthy subjects. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA expression levels of targeted genes were investigated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to characterize the diagnostic ability of the studied genes. RESULTS: The expression of IL-15, IL-17A, IL-23A, GzmB, TBX21, and TNFAIP3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with celiac disease showed a significant increase compared with the control group. Among them, TNFAIP3, IL23A, and GzmB have better resolution and diagnostic value in differentiating patients with celiac disease from healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that TNFAIP3, IL23A, and GzmB could be useful and sensible markers in differentiating patients with celiac disease from healthy controls. However, the diagnostic relevance of other genes recognized by pathway analysis needs to be further investigated.
Liver Involvement in Children during the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: A Single-Center Experience from Turkey
Authors: Altay Derya , Doğan Yaşar
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Liver abnormalities in Celiac disease (CD) are common. The aim of this study was to investigate the children with CD who were followed up in our clinic presenting with elevated aminotransferase levels. METHODS: In this study, the data of 419 pediatric patients with CD were retrospectively analyzed, and those with elevated aminotransferase levels during the diagnosis of CD were assessed. RESULTS: Elevation of aminotransferase levels was found in 66 (15.7%) patients among the 419 patients during the diagnosis of CD. The mean age of these patients was 7.33±3.96 years. Liver enzymes were mildly elevated in 63 (95.4%) patients. However, half of the patients with elevated liver enzymes had a 1.25-fold increase in aminotransferase levels. Patients with hypertransaminasemia had higher weight loss and lower folic acid values compared with patients with normal liver enzymes. Patients’ liver tests were reverted to normal, except for two patients with chronic liver disease, after 9.27±3.16 months of administering a gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: Patients with liver involvement should be investigated for CD. Especially, mildly elevation of aminotransferase levels should be taken into account by pediatricians for Celiac hepatitis.
Efficacy of Disc Diffusion and Agar Dilution Methods in Evaluating Helicobacter pylori Susceptibility to Antibiotics
Authors: Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Poostizadeh Gelareh , Joukar Farahnaz , Siavoshi Farideh
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: In this study, efficacy and consistency of disc diffusion (DD) and agar dilution (AD) methods in determining Helicobacter pylori susceptibility to antibiotics were evaluated using Brucella blood agar (BBA) in both methods and tetrazolium egg yolk agar (TEYA) in AD. METHODS: Twenty H. pylori isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics; metronidazole (MTZ), clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TET), ofloxacin (OFX), levofloxacin (LVX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), furazolidone (FRZ), and rifampin (RIF). Antibiotics solutions were impregnated into blank paper disks on BBA in the DD method or added to BBA (ADB) or TEYA (ADT) media in the AD method. Suspensions of H. pylori isolates were surface or spot inoculated on solid media. Plates were incubated in CO2 incubator at 37°C for 5-7 days. RESULTS: The highest rate of susceptibility to MTZ (65%) was determined by DD method compared with AD method (ADB: 40%, ADT: 30%). Both methods showed similar CLR (85%) and AMX (100%) susceptibility rates. Susceptibility to remaining antibiotics, determined by DD and ADB/ADT media were in respective order as 95%, 75% / 75% for TET, 100%, 95% / 85% for FRZ, 85%, 85% / 75% for OFX, 90%, 95% / 85% for LVX, 90%, 85% / 85% for CIP, and 100%, 85% / 75% for RIF. CONCLUSION: DD and AD methods showed consistency in determining 161 (89.4%) susceptibility and resistance and inconsistency in determining 19 (10.6%) susceptibility and resistance (P < 0.05). DD is recommended as a cheap and easy method with the efficacy and precision comparable to the AD method in determining H. pylori susceptibility to antibiotics.
Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Hassnine Alshymaa , Saad Zeinab
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually have different abdominal complaints without any organic lesions. The functional cause of these complaints is claimed in most patients. This study aimed to evaluate functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C using Rome IV diagnostic criteria. METHODS: This study included 1506 participants (1006 patients with chronic HCV, and 500 controls). All individuals were subjected to taking thorough medical history, basic investigations (complete blood counts, liver and renal functions tests), international normalized ratio (INR), alpha-fetoprotein, HCV RNA PCR (polymerase chain reaction), abdominal ultrasonography, and upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) endoscopy for patients only), and Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire. RESULTS: Patients with HCV had symptoms of FGIDs including functional dyspepsia (FD) (P=0.009), early satiety (P=0.002), postprandial distress (P=0.02), epigastric pain (P=0.03), Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) (P<0.001), IBS predominant constipation (P<0.001), IBS predominant diarrhea (P<0.001), and IBS mixed (P<0.001). There were multiple factors for the prediction of FD in patients with HCV, including high body mass index (BMI), education level, positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fibrosis stage. Also, there were multiple factors for the prediction of IBS in patients with HCV, including male gender, high BMI, urban residence, education level, positive PCR, and fibrosis stage. CONCLUSIONS: FD is a prevalent finding in obese patients with HCV and with higher fibrosis scores. IBS is also prevalent in male patients with HCV.
Effect of Short-term Vitamin D Supplementation on the Alterations of Glycemic Variables in Response to Exhaustive Eccentric Exercise in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver
Authors: Rahimpour Zahra , Hoseini Rastegar , Behpour Nasser
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Exhaustive eccentric exercise (EEE), along with a positive role in weight loss and physiological adaptation, increases liver enzymes and disturbs glucose homeostasis. Many studies have been considered to neutralize the adverse effects of EEE, including vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term Vit D supplementation on the alteration of glycemic variables in response to EEE in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: In this clinical trial, 22 overweight women with NAFLD were randomly assigned to control (C; n=11) and experimental (Exp; n=11) groups. C group received a lactose placebo daily with the same color, shape, and warmth percentage; Exp group received 2000 IU of Vit D daily for 6 weeks (42 days). Blood samples were taken to measure the liver enzymes, lipid profile, and Vit D levels alteration at four stages: Pre1(before the first EEE session), post 1 (after the first EEE session), pre 2 (before the second EEE session), and post 2 (after the second EEE session). Repeated measures ANOVA and independent t test were used to analyze the data using SPSS software (version 26) at a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: The results show a significant increase in glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in both C and Exp groups following the EEE (comparing pre 1 and post 1). Also, after 6 weeks of Vit D supplementation, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased significantly in both C (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively) and Exp (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively) groups following EEE (comparison of pre 2 and post 2). However, these increases were significantly lower in Exp group compared with the C group (comparing post 2). CONCLUSION: Short-term Vit D supplementation downregulates the increased glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance induced by EEE in patients with NAFLD.
Gut Microbiota Modification via Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with Beneficial Neuroprotective Effects
Authors: Sayehmiri Fatemeh , Samadian Mohammad , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Tafakhori Abbas , Haghighat Somayeh , Rahmatian Aryoobarzan , Mohammadkhani Mohammad Ali , Fazli Hamid Reza , Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, it has been shown that the association between intestinal bacterial imbalance (dysbiosis) and various diseases such as type 2 diabetes can play a role in the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this study, the beneficial effects of intestinal microbiota glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in cognitive disorders were investigated. METHODS: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify experimental studies based on the bacterial strains along with GLP-1 1 expression in preventing or reducing cognitive impairment. Of the 233 studies, six were eligible for inclusion, and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in individual studies. RESULTS: The results showed that intestinal expression of GLP-1 1 could reduce the intestinal pathogenic genus such as Enterobacteriaceae and was obviously associated with a greater number of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Also, the neuroprotective effects of Clostridium butyricum with GLP-1 1 in a mice were approved. Therefore, the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, mediated by an increase in the intestinal GLP-1 1 level, consequently improved cognitive function. CONCLUSION: In this review, we have indicated that the gut microbiota, by stimulating the expression of the intestinal hormones like GLP-1 1, and also with a beneficial effect in inhibiting some involved genes in inflammation, can declined the development of cognitive disorders.
Electrocautery Incisional Therapy for Refractory Anastomotic Stricture in a Child: Report from Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Javaherizadeh Hazhir , Khalighi Marjaneh , Askarpour Shahnam , Rezazadeh Afshin
Published: August 2022

Endoscopic electrocautery incisional therapy (EIT) is one of the methods for the treatment of refractory esophageal stricture among adult cases. There are few reports among children. Herein we report the successful use of EIT for a 13-year-old boy with an anastomotic stricture who was visited in our hospital due to poor feeding and inability to feed. The boy had undergone gastric resection due to gastric necrosis. This is the first report of electrocautery surgery using a needle knife for the treatment of benign esophageal stricture in our country.
COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE SPEECH IMPAIRMENTS
Authors: Казьмина Я.Е.
Published: August 2022

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем коммуникации у детей с тяжелым нарушением речи. Трудности коммуникации являются частым сопутствующим фактором развития детей с тяжелыми нарушениями речи, что требует раннего вмешательства таких специалистов как невролог, психолог, логопед, с целью повышения качества жизни. Эта информация позволяет врачам лучше прогнозировать и управлять нарушениями общения у детей с речевыми недостатками.
VENOUS THROMBOSES IN PATIENTS OF THE REGIONAL ONCOHEMATOLOGY CENTER CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS PROFESSOR V. I. GERAIN GBUZ "CHELYABINSK REGIONAL CHILDREN'S CLINICAL HOSPITAL" (2015-2020)
Authors: Спичак И.И. , Богачева М.В. , Бондаренко М.В. , Евдокимова Е.Ю. , Артемова В.А. , Круглова К.Е.
Published: August 2022

Актуальность. Венозные тромбозы (ВТ) являются частым осложнением злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) или их лечения у детей. Возникновение ВТ у ребенка с ЗНО увеличивает длительность лечения, повышает его стоимость, а также негативно влияет на тайминг программного лечения, выживаемость и ухудшает качество жизни пациентов.Цель исследования. Провести анализ ВТ у пациентов Областного онкогематологического центра для детей и подростков им. профессора В.И. Герайна ГБУЗ ЧОДКБ по причинам возникновения и нозологическим группам, результатам лечения осложнения.Материалы и методы. В период с января 2015 г. по сентябрь 2020 г. ретроспективно, на основании медицинской документации были выявлены 22 пациента с диагностированными ВТ. Результаты исследования и обсуждение. За период с 01.01.2015 г. по 01.09.2020 г. количество пациентов регионального онкогематологического центра, у которых был выявлен венозный тромбоз, составило 22 человека, из них 12 девочек, 10 мальчиков. Возрастная структура пациентов распределилась следующим образом: максимальный возраст выявления тромбоза 17 лет, минимальный 3 месяца. Осложнение в виде ВТ выявлено при следующих нозологиях: гемобластозы – 8 (36,5%), солидные опухоли – 12 (54,5%), другие уточненные нарушения свертываемости крови у 2 пациентов, что составило 9%. У 15 (68%) пациентов образование венозных тромбозов связано с наличием центрального венозного имплантируемого центрального катетера (ЦВК), у 5 (23%) пациентов были обнаружены тромботические массы опухолевого происхождения, еще у 2 (9%) пациентов возникновение ВТ связано с патологией свертывающей системы крови.Заключение. В результате исследования установлено, что за период с января 2015 по сентябрь 2020 выявлено 22 случая возникновения венозных тромбозов. Данное осложнение развивалось несколько чаще у девочек, чем у мальчиков и средний возраст его развития составил 10 лет. Причинами его развития в 68% случаев стала эксплуатация центрального имплантируемого венозного катетера, к другим этиологическим факторам относится окклюзия сосуда опухолевыми массами и нарушения свертываемости крови. Наиболее частой нозологией, при которой возникали ВТ являются гемобластозы, при этом тромбозы, ассоциированные с ЦВК локализовались в проекции места его постановки.
CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY IN REFLECTING COLLECTION MEANS
Authors: Бугаевский К.А.
Published: August 2022

В статье представлены материалы исследования, посвящённого изучению презентации и актуальности, в современных средствах коллекционирования, вопроса распостранённости, диагностики и лечения онкологических и гематологических заболеваний у детей. Полученные материалы представлены с сопроводительными комментариями, представляют такие виды коллекционирования как филателия и фалеристика.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF CROHN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: Калатина Ю.Е. , Сорокин Д.В. , Волосников Д.К.
Published: August 2022

В настоящее время болезнь Крона является одной из самых актуальных проблем детской гастроэнтерологии, что обусловлено ежегодным приростом заболеваемости, «омоложением» патологического процесса, трудностями диагностики, высоким риском развития осложнений, частой инвалидизацией.

Currently, Crohn's disease is one of the most pressing problems of pediatric gastroenterology. This is due to the annual increase in morbidity, the "rejuvenation" of the pathological process, difficulties in diagnosis, a high risk of complications, and frequent disability.Goal. To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of the dispensary group of children with Crohn’s disease, observed by gastroenterologists of CRCCH, for 5 years from 2015 to 2019.Materials and methods. the object of the study was a dispensary group of children with an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease, who were observed in the gastroenterological department of CRCCH in the last 5 years (2015-2019).Results. In the course of this study, an analysis of 17 cases of Crohn’s disease in children observed by gastroenterologists of GBUZ CHODKB for 5 years from 2015-2019 was carried out. The most common disease occurred between the ages of 11 and 18 years - 14 (82.4%) children. In boys, the disease was detected more often - 9 people (52.9%) than in girls - 8 (47.1%). The leading complaints during the manifestation of the disease in the observed children were nonspecific, manifested by pain in the right iliac region - 12 cases (70.5%) and diarrhea - 11 (64.7%). Changes in general clinical and biochemical analyzes were also non-specific. In 100% of cases, ESR acceleration was noted. From the onset of the onset of the first symptoms to the diagnosis, an average of 3.4 years passed (from 3 months to 12 years). Most often, in 15 cases (88.2%), intestinal damage was localized in the ileocecal angle. In 41.2% of cases, in 7 patients, Crohn's disease was severe. Seven children (41.2%) developed complications, stenosis in five cases (29.4%) and penetration in two (11.7%). A total of 6 children (35%) had surgery for complications.
ANALYSIS OF HISTORY AND CLINICAL INDICATORS OF THE CONDITION OF CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC ADENOIDITIS LIVING IN THE CITY OF CHELYABINSK AND THE CHELYABINSK REGION
Authors: Гизингер О.А. , Щетинин С.А.
Published: August 2022

Изучены клинические и анамнестические особенности детей с хроническим аденоидитом, проживающих в городе Челябинске и Челябинской области и сопоставить полученные данные с показателями детей без хронического аденоидита. Проведен проспективный анализ анамнестических данных детей в возрасте 4-8 лет с хроническим аденоидитом. 55 детей без клинических признаков хронического аденоидита составили группу контроля и не имели на момент обращения жалоб и клинической картины заболевания. Анализ анамнестических данных показал большую частоту инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний, приема антимикробных препаратов у матерей во время беременности, осложнений гестационного периода у по сравнению с показателями матерей здоровых детей.

We studied the clinical and anamnestic features of children with chronic adenoiditis living in the city of Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk region and compare the data with the performance of children without chronic adenoiditis. A prospective analysis of anamnestic data of children aged 4-8 years with chronic adenoiditis was carried out. 55 children without clinical signs of chronic adenoiditis made up the control group and did not have complaints and the clinical picture of the disease at the time of treatment. Analysis of anamnestic data showed a high incidence of infectious and inflammatory diseases, the use of antimicrobial drugs in mothers during pregnancy, and gestational complications in comparison with mothers of healthy children.
THE CASE OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN A CHILD OF 9 YEARS
Authors: Калатина Ю.Е. , Сорокин Д.В. , Волосников Д.К.
Published: August 2022

Эозинофильный эзофагит у детей на сегодняшний день является актульной проблемой. Последние зарубежные исследования показывают рост распространности данной патологии. В статье представлен клинический случай эозинофильного эзофагита у ребенка 9 лет.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in children is today an urgent problem. Recent foreign studies show an increase in the prevalence of this pathology. The article presents a clinical case of eosinophilic esophagitis in a 9-year-old child.
A CLINICAL CASE BEAN SYNDROME, COMPLICATED BY A SMALL FORM OF Β-THALASSEMIA
Authors: Лихоткина В.
Published: August 2022

В практике врача гематолога встречается множество пациентов с крайне редкими заболеваниями. В клинической картине, как правило, имеют место проявления геморрагического синдрома, часто на фоне мальформаций сосудистого русла. Синдром Бина является примером генетически детерминированного заболевания с хроническим прогрессирующим течением. Радикального лечения нет в настоящее время. В качестве средств, сдерживающих рост и пролиферацию сосудистых клеток, появление новых элементов и тяжелых кровотечений является иммуносупрессивная и симптоматическая терапия. В данной работе представлен анализ клинических особенностей с оценкой прогнозов. Сделан акцент на возможности современной терапии.

In the practice of a hematologist, there are many patients with extremely rare diseases. In the clinical picture, as a rule, there are manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome, often against the background of malformations of the vascular bed. Bean Syndrome is an example of a genetically determined disease with a chronic progressive course. There is no radical treatment at this time. As means of inhibiting the growth and proliferation of vascular cells, the appearance of new elements and severe bleeding is immunosuppressive and symptomatic therapy. This paper presents an analysis of clinical features with assessment of prognoses. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of modern therapy.
THE ROLE OF A CLINICAL GENETICIST IN THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF CANCER IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Семенова В.В. , Лисица Т.С. , Наседкина Т.С.
Published: August 2022

Актуальность проблемы обусловлена важнейшей ролью клинического генетика в диагностике опухоль ассоциированных синдромов у детей и подростков как на этапах интенсивной фазы лечения, так и после ее окончания. Реально только небольшая часть пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями получает консультацию клинического генетика.Целью настоящей работы было оценить вклад клинического генетика в диагностику, лечение и профилактику опухолевых заболеваний.Материалы и методы. За период с 2017 по 2020 гг. консультацию клинического генетика получили 300 пациентов детского возраста, перенесших онкологическое заболевание и проходивших реабилитацию в ЛРНЦ «Русское поле». Молекулярное исследование выполняли методами высокопроизводительного секвенирования на платформе NextSeq 500 Illumina и секвенирования по Сэнгеру.Результаты. В ходе проведения клинического обследования анализируются данные семейного анамнеза, фенотип пациента, данные о характере опухолевого процесса, результаты молекулярной диагностики, выявление онкоассоцированных генов и токсичность противоопухолевой терапии. Авторы приводят собственные клинические наблюдения развития злокачественных новообразований у пациентов с нейрофиброматозом.Заключение. Представленные результаты клинических наблюдений детей и подростков на этапе реабилитации после окончания противоопухолевой терапии демонстрируют, эффективность работы клинического генетика с позиций диагностики опухоль ассоциированных синдромов и формирование перспектив профилактики развития вторых опухолей.
THE DEFEAT OF THE PALATINE TONSIL AS THE ONLY MANIFESTATION OF BERKITT'S LYMPHOMA (CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Панькова А.В. , Никонова О.Е. , Рыскаль О.В.
Published: August 2022

В статье представлен клинический случай лимфомы Беркитта у ребенка 5 лет с поражением небной миндалины, отражены особенности обследования, дифференциальной диагностики на этапе поликлинического звена.
EBSTEIN ANOMALY (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND ANATOMICAL PARALLELS)
Authors: Делягин В.М.
Published: August 2022

Аномалия Эбштейна – редкий врождённый порок сердца с чатотой 1:200°000 живорождённых. По нашему опыту он выявлен в 2 случаях более чем на 6°000 посмертных исследований и 2 случаях более чем на 30°000 эхокардиографий. Порок характеризуется апикальным смещением трёхстворчатого клапана с атриализаций правого желудочка. Максимально смещается к верхушке септальная створка, умеренно – задняя, минимально – передняя. Часть правого желудочка над клапанным кольцом становится частью правого предсердия (атриализуется). Полость правого желудочка уменьшается. Миокард склерозируется. Возможны сопутствующие пороки и нарушения ритма сердца. Клиническая симптоматика зависит от степени смещения трёхстворчатого клапана и выраженности атриализации правого желудочка. Решающим для диагноза является ультразвуковое исследование, которое позволяет достоверно оценить анатомические и функциональные нарушения. Смещение правого атриовентрикулярного кольца хорошо визуализируется при четырёхкамерном изображении.

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease with a frequency of 1: 200°000 live births. In our experience, it was detected in 2 cases of more than 6°000 post-mortem studies and 2 cases of more than 30°000 echocardiography. The defect is characterized by apical displacement of the tricuspid valve with atrializations of the right ventricle. The septal leaflet is maximally shifted to the apex, moderately posterior, minimally anterior. Part of the right ventricle above the valve ring becomes part of the right atrium (atrialized). The cavity of the right ventricle is reduced. Myocardium is sclerotic. Possible concomitant defects and cardiac arrhythmias. Clinical symptoms depend on the degree of displacement of the tricuspid valve and the severity of atrialization of the right ventricle. Decisive for the diagnosis is ultrasound, which allows you to reliably evaluate anatomical and functional disorders. The displacement of the right atrioventricular ring is well visualized with a four-chamber image.
EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PURULENT PERITONITIS IN CHILDREN USING THE TECHNIQUE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE
Authors: Погорелов М.В. , Богданов С.Г. , Климова С.В. , Маркина А.В. , Тимачев В.М.
Published: August 2022

В статье представлены сравнительная характеристика и оценка результатов лечения детей с генерализованным гнойным перитонитом с использованием аппарата отрицательного давления и традиционным методом.
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS IN CHILDREN OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION (1995-2018): INCIDENCE, CLINICAL FORMS, TREATMENT PROGRAMS, SURVIVAL
Authors: Белова В.Ю. , Спичак И.И.
Published: August 2022

Распространенность заболевания гистиоцитоз из клеток Лангерганса составляет от 3 до 10 случаев на 1 миллион детского населения в год. За период с 1995 по 2018 гг. в Челябинском областном онкогематологическом центре для детей и подростков имени профессора В.И Герайна ГБУЗ ЧОДКБ (ЧДОГЦ) проходили обследование и лечение 73 пациента с диагнозом «Гистиоцитоз из клеток Лангерганса». Данный факт послужил основой для данного исследования и определения заболеваемости, ежегодного числа впервые выявленных пациентов детского возраста с Х-гистиоцитозом, половозрастных характеристик данной когорты пациентов и их соответствие возрастным пикам, представленным в литературе; изучение частоты отдельных клинических форм Х-гистиоцитоза; а также анализ терапевтических опций, используемых у для данной когорты пациентов.

The prevalence of the disease of langeghans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is from 3 to 10 cases per 1 million children per year. Between 1995 and 2018 in the Chelyabinsk regional oncohematological center for children and adolescents named after professor V.I. Gerain GBUZ CHODKB examined and treated 73 patients with a diagnosis of LCH. These data served as the basis for this study and determination of the incidence rate, of pediatric patients with LCH, age and sex characteristics of this cohort of patients and their correspondence to age peaks presented in the literature; studying the frequency of individual clinical forms of LCH; as well as analysis of therapeutic options used in a given cohort of patients.
SEQUENCING OF NUCLEIC ACIDS: METHODS AND PRINCIPLES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Иванов Е.А. , Рыжкова А.И. , Пешикова М.В. , Шлепотина Н.М.
Published: August 2022

Молекулярная диагностика на сегодняшний день является одним из самых быстро развивающихся и перспективных направлений биотехнологии. Важное место среди методов молекулярно-генетического анализа занимает секвенирование, которое все больше находит применение в самых различных областях медицины: генетике, онкологии, микробиологии, судебной медицине и др. Секвенированием нуклеиновых кислот называют определение их первичной нуклеотидной последовательности. Стремительное развитие технологий со временем значительно расширило спектр методик секвенирования. Методы секвенирования условно подразделяются на классические, новые («второго» поколения) и новейшие («третьего» поколения). Наиболее доступным сейчас является экзомное и таргетное секвенирование. В данной статье мы предлагаем вашему вниманию различные методы и принципы секвенирования. Понимание подходов к осуществлению разных методов секвенирования представляет интерес в рамках фундаментальной медицинской науки и клинической практики.
EXPERIENCE OF FRONT MEDICINES IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, REFLECTING COLLECTION MEANS
Authors: Бугаевский К.А.
Published: August 2022

В статье представлены материалы исследования, посвящённого изучению представления в средствах коллекционирования, почтовых марок и открыток, памятных значков, посвящённых фронтовым врачам и медсёстрам, и их подвигу в период Великой Отечественной войны.

The article presents the materials of a study devoted to the study of the presentation in collectibles, postage stamps and postcards, commemorative badges dedicated to front-line doctors and nurses, and their exploit, during the Great Patriotic War.