bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for identifying system tasks of strategic management and improving efficiency of exploration enterprise
Authors: Moldashi D. N.
Published: October 2020

A geological exploration company is a modern enterprise, possessing advanced techniques and carrying out full range of high quality exploration for all types of solid minerals in accordance with world standards, which is the center of competence in uranium geology, as well as provides its services in the field of exploration for solid minerals. To date, the tasks of ensuring replenishment of explored mineral reserves, increasing efficiency of their use, as well as increasing profitability and capitalization of enterprises of mining-and-processing industry remains relevant. To implement a set of measures for solving problems associated with prospecting, exploration, and exploitation of uranium deposits, it is urgently required to develop the following improved approaches and methods: modernization and re-equipment of methodological and technical base of the enterprise’s chemical analytical laboratory for implementation mineralogical and radioisotope methods of prospecting for uranium deposits; carrying out work to expand the scope of accreditation, environmental research, and training of specialists for field laboratories; creation of an information system for geological data bank, which allows organizing a single information space and ensuring availability of the necessary reliable data, as well as their safety/integrity and the data access control. The conducted research formed the basis for the development of mechanisms for achieving strategic targets and implementing strategic objectives of the enterprise. To ensure sustainable growth of key performance indicators of the enterprise, it is necessary to focus on long-term successful work. This is connected with restructuring of assets and diversification of the company's activities, development of innovative methods and facilities for prospecting and laboratory-and-technological research, improvement of the set of radioecological studies at exploration areas, and introduction of the principles of corporate and legal culture. Providing growing demands of affiliated mining enterprises for mineable resources by replenishing the uranium resource base should be based on active prospecting, exploration, and discovery of new uranium deposits, as well as formation of highly efficient professional personnel. To improve management efficiency, the enterprise should activate and improve the quality of exploration, as well as diversify the company's activities and reduce possible risks. Implementation of this approach is possible through the formation of highly efficient professional personnel based on the recognition of high economic value of human resources. In addition, it is necessary to actively conduct exploration in promising areas for discovering new deposits and, correspondingly, increasing and replenishing the company's uranium reserves and increasing its assets. This will allow prolonging the life of the company’s mines until 2040 due to increasing additional explored reserves.
Magnetic Biocatalysts of Pectinase: Synthesis by Macromolecular Cross-Linker for Application in Apple Juice Clarification
Authors: Nouri Marjan , Khodaiyan Faramarz
Published: October 2020

Research background. Pectinase enzyme has become a valuable compound in beverage industry. One of the most significant concepts to overcome the drawbacks of using industrial enzymes is the immobilization of enzymes. In the present study, magnetic chitosan microparticles were utilized as a substrate for pectinase enzyme immobilization. New methods of enzyme immobilization involve the use of non-chemical cross-linkers between the enzyme and the substrate. The aim of this study was to immobilize the pectinase enzyme using polyaldehyde kefiran as a macromolecular crosslinker on magnetic particles.
Experimental approach. Pectinase enzyme was immobilized in four steps: relative oxidation of kefiran and its application as a crosslinker; production of magnetic iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4) microparticles; coating of magnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with chitosan; and immobilization of enzyme on the substrate, prepared by the use of oxidized kefiran crosslinker. Parameters, such as crosslinking concentration, time, and ratio of chitosan magnetic microparticles to enzyme, were optimized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to identify the groups and investigate the structures. The biochemical properties (stability of enzyme activity at different pH, temperature and time), enzyme reusability, kinetics parameters (Km and Vmax) and apple juice turbidity, using free and immobilized pectinase enzymes, were also measured.
Results and conclusions. Cross-linker concentration, crosslinking time and ratio of CMMP to enzyme were important factors in activity recovery of pectinase enzyme. FTIR analysis correctly identified functional groups in the structures. The results showed that after enzyme stabilization, the particle size and molecular mass increased and decreased the magnetic saturation strength, respectively. According to the thermal kinetic study, the immobilized pectinase was higher than its free form. In the present study, findings indicate the excellent stability and durability of the immobilized pectinase. Findings indicate the excellent stability and durability of the immobilized pectinase in present study. Finally, a magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst was used to clarify apple juice, which reduced turbidity of processing.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study investigates the usage of kefiran oxidized as a new cross linker for the immobilization of pectinase enzyme. Magnetic pectinase micro-biocatalyst has a good potential for industrial applications in the food industry, with high thermal stability.
Rectorship of Martin Heidegger: Historical and Philosophical Analysis
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Mitlyanskaya Maria
Published: October 2020

The idea of reorganizing a German university was revealed in the correspondence of the young Martin Heidegger and his friend Karl Jaspers. Prominent thinkers critically analyze the contribution of contemporaries and representatives of the previous generation of scientists and philosophers. Ambitious and confident in their abilities, they hatched a plan, as it seemed to them, for the most important mission: the revival of the spirit of genuine philosophy within the walls of German universities. Repeatedly emphasized in their correspondence in the 1920s - such a high goal will require the reduction of professors of philosophy and "cleansing" of universities from the prospering mediocrity. Despite spiritual aspirations, these philosophers were aware of the need for career growth. Without a proper position, it was impossible to, at least, make any changes in the current system of higher German education and academic philosophy. The author of this article believes that the same thoughts of Heidegger lay at the basis of the ideas expressed in correspondence with Jaspers and in the decision to accept the post of the rector of the University of Freiburg, which played a fatal role in his biography. The period of the duties of the rector Martin Heidegger is covered by the so-called «Black Notebooks». The author of the article departs from the widely used biographical approach in favor of a historical and philosophical analysis of passages of that creation time. The main objective of this work is to identify the basic categories of the being-historical concept of M. Heidegger, manifested in criticism of the academic university philosophy of German universities at the beginning of the 20th century. The philosophy of being history is first touched upon in the aforementioned Black Notebooks. In the volumes of the collected works “Beiträge zur Philosophie”, “Das Ereignis”, “Die Geschichte des Seyns”, addressed by the author of the article, the main part of the being-historical concept is revealed. The leading research method is historical philosophical, which determines the relationship between the fundamental ontological intuitions of the German master and his analysis of factuality, in particular, criticism of German university philosophy. In the framework of this article, the historical philosophical method includes the hermeneutical method, which is necessary when working with the specific language of Heidegger's works, which requires a thorough interpretation.
History of Philosophy Not Like Philosophy: How to Read an Ancient Chinese Text
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rykov Stanislav
Published: October 2020

This article presents a philosophical and methodological remark on the paper of A. Krushinskiy “Subject, Space, Time: How to Read Ancient Chinese Text” at the Round Table on the project “Geography of Rationality” (Moscow, RAS Institute of Philosophy, March 31, 2020), which gives an alternative explanation for the appearance of translations and studies of unsatisfactory quality in modern Russian sinology. A. Krushinskiy attributes this to the fact that authors of these unsatisfactory works do not take into account the specifics of reading ancient Chinese texts, namely, ignoring the methodological theory of V. Spirin according to which ancient Chinese texts reveal additional semantic content, if read nonlinearly. The present article points that this is not due to ignoring the particular methodological achievements of V. Spirin, but because of the general methodological attitudes of authors writing about ancient Chinese philosophy. The article distinguishes three types of general methodological attitudes: “sophistic” (when material from the history of philosophy is used for the author’s self-realization), “philosophical” (when material from the history of philosophy is used to solve a particular philosophical problem) and “historical” (when the description of material from the history of philosophy is the end in itself). It also shows methodological differences between these types that affect the style and methodology of scholars. The article pays special attention to the description of the general regulatory principles of the historian of philosophy, i.e. 1) accuracy in ‘modernization’, ‘actualization’ and ‘comparative method’; 2) moderation in ‘universalizations’ and ‘author’s interpretations’; 3) distinction between ‘subjects’ of historical philosophical material (author/s, text, tradition); 4) special attention to contradictions and uncertainties in it; and 4) understanding that for a historian of philosophy ‘true” is ‘admissible’. It is concluded that problems with translations and studies of unsatisfactory quality arise mainly when authors consciously or unconsciously confuse these three general methodological attitudes in their texts and thereby mislead readers.
Thought and its «Garments»
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gerasimova Irina
Published: October 2020

The article develops a methodological conception. It is based on the principles of the philosophy of complexity. The author believes that the discussion of the problems of rationality in the space of cultural diversity will be futile if we do not take into account the cognitive and socio-cultural aspects of meaning generation. The author draws attention to the communicative nature of meaning formation, which is increasing in the context of globalization. Such forms of organization of collective thinking as an interdisciplinary and transdiciplinary dialogue spread to the philosophical community. A distinctive feature of historical and philosophical research remains a special attention to textual artifacts, but modern methodologies must also contribute to the understanding of ancient knowledge and mentality. The author offers a methodological model of meaning generation. The coordinate grid of axes is its basis. As bearing axes, the author introduces: conscious-unconscious, explicit-implicit (hidden), external-internal, linear-nonlinear, order-chaos, simple-complex, reflexive-pre-reflexive, discrete-continuum. The Genesis of ethno-cultural mentalities took place in unique natural, cultural, historical and linguistic conditions. As a result, cultures can differ in the types of perception of space-time relations. This is reflected in the variety of space-time models. The problem of pairing the personal, environmental and social worlds of time by A.A. Krushinskiy. He presented the hexagram model of time as a game of player-personality and player-society. In the complex process of meaning formation, the author identifies the conscious layer of language and speech, the semi-conscious layer of images, the unconscious layer of states and pre-reflexive understanding. In the course of global cognitive evolution, there were revolutionary turns towards the development of conscious speech from the depths of the unconscious. At the same time, different cultures had their own trajectories of rationality development, developing specific languages and mental models. Ideographic language such as Chinese stimulated the development of spatial-imaginative thinking based on visual algorithms. In alphabetic languages of Indo-European type, the linearity of speech is only the external plan of expression, while the nonlinear spatiality (geometric style) of meaning formation works in internal dimensions. Discussing the noumenal sources of meaning formation, the author addresses the understanding of the nature of thought in spiritual philosophies and modern cognitive research. Scientific research of deep, pre-reflexive layers of understanding in the general structure and dynamics of meaning formation can bring a new dimension to the discussion on the «geography of rationality». In the global world, when unique cultures interact, new harmonics of the general planetary consciousness are formed.
Политика у шимпанзе. Власть и секс у приматов. 5-е изд.
Authors: де Валь Франс
Published: October 2020

Первое издание книги Франса де Валя "Политика у шимпанзе: Власть и секс у приматов" было хорошо встречено не только приматологами за ее научные достижения, но также политиками, бизнес-лидерами и социальными психологами за глубокое понимание самых базовых человеческих потребностей и поведения людей. Четверть века спустя эта книга стала считаться классикой. Вместе с новым введением, в котором излагаются самые свежие идеи автора, это юбилейное издание содержит подробное описание соперничества и коалиций среди высших приматов — действий, которыми руководит интеллект, а не инстинкты. Показывая, что шимпанзе поступают так, словно они читали Макиавелли, де Валь напоминает нам, что корни политики гораздо старше человека. Книга адресована широкому кругу читателей.
Stranded Mapping from Oriented Long Reads v7
Authors: A Eccles David
Published: October 2020

This protocol demonstrates how to map strand-oriented long reads to a genome, and visualise them in a genome browser. The general idea is to use minimap2 to create stranded BAM files, which are split for forward/reverse orientation then converted into BigWig format for display in a genome browser. Input(s): stranded fastq files (see protocol Preparing Reads for Stranded Mapping) a FASTA file containing the genome / sequence of interest. Output(s): Genome-mapped stranded BAM files Genome-mapped stranded BigWig files
Gastronomic secrets of the royal commissioner Alexander Husarzevsky (1714–1782)
Authors: Lylo Ihor
Published: October 2020

The concludes of the article is based on the research of the documents from the Central Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv, recipes for the preparation of various dishes belonging to the royal tax officer (shambelan) in the city of Gdansk, Alexander Gusarzhevsky. Active in public life, he left behind many documents stored in the archives of Gdansk and Krakow. However, the largest collection of documents stored in the Lviv archive. Chronologically, all the recipes attributed to the second half of the 18 century. All of the materials were first publication. These are four recipes for the preparation of several types of ice cream, gross roast – «pekelflajsz», traditional for Polish cuisine of pork sausage, description of the technology of making cherry juice. After the death of O. Husarzhevsky in 1782, part of his archive became the property of his granddaughter, Princess Eleonora Lyubomirska, and thus ended up in Lviv. All published recipes have applied to comparative, chronological, and prosopographic methods of analysis. It made it possible to trace their differences and similarities with the known analogs published in the French, Polish, Ukrainian cookbooks of the 16–20th centuries. Studied the problem of knowledge of the recipes and consumption of ice cream in city Lviv in the 16–18 centuries are considered.

The results of the study are of considerable scientific and practical value and will be of use to anyone interested in the history of food, every day, or cultural anthropology. Their analysis, in comparison with similar documents published previously, allows us to improve our understanding of how gastronomic trends and influences spread between Western and Central-Eastern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.
History of State Regulation of Tourism Industry in Ukraine in the Later Half of XX to the Beginning of XXI Century
Authors: Malatsai Iryna
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the history of state regulation in the tourist sphere in Ukraine, as a component of socio-political and economic development of the country. The peculiarities of the management of the industry at the time of Ukraine’s joining the USSR along with the presence of a bureaucratic and controlling apparatus were determined. The article focuses on the study of the history of the formation and development of state regulation of tourism commencing with the proclamation of Independence to the present. The need for a well-considered and competent approach to determining the place and role of the tourism industry in the current challenges is emphasized. At present, it is the acknowledged fact that in many countries of the world the tourism industry has long been established and is steadily developing, having a material base and providing work to millions of people, which undoubtedly positively influences the development of individual states. In Recent years, building of market economy model in our country requires the development of fundamentally new approaches to the formation of effective regulatory mechanisms in the field of domestic tourism. There is a number of problems in Ukraine that do not contribute to the development of the tourism sector, leading to significant destruction of economic and social relations in tourism industry. The reasons for the inefficient realization of the competitive advantages of Ukraine’s unique resource potential are the lack of a comprehensive system of public tourism management in the regions; subordination of establishments for temporary accommodation of tourists as well as sanatorium-resort, health and recreational establishments to different ministries and departments; imperfection and «scattering» of the legal framework; slow rate of growth of investments in the development of the material and financial facilities of tourism industry; lack of state support and a comprehensive approach to the promotion of the national tourism product in the domestic and international market of tourism services; insufficient level of information infrastructure development; imperfection of the database regarding tourist destinations etc.
Affirmative Counseling With LGBTQ+ Arab Americans
Authors: Chaney Michael P. , Dubaybo Fatin , Chang Catherine Y.
Published: October 2020

This article explores mental health risk factors and cultural considerations of Arab Americans who are LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or belonging to other nonheterosexual and/or non-cisgender identities), including the influence of intersecting identities, religion and spirituality, familial influences, sexuality and sexual behavior, and attitudes toward mental health counseling. LGBTQ+ affirmative counseling recommendations are presented with a focus on developing cultural competence via awareness, knowledge, skills, and action. Implications for counselor training and future research conclude this article.
Prevention of complications depending on the level of amputation (exarticulation) of the lower limb
Authors: Bolotov D. D.
Published: October 2020

In the mid-end of the last century, uniﬁcation was carried out to select the level of limb trimming, based on the principle of achieving the maximum possible functionality in the stump-prosthesis system. Over time, due to the development of surgical techniques and the level of prosthetic and orthopedic products, previously developed schemes for choosing the level of amputation have lost their relevance. However, the most typical complications and the associated decrease in prosthetics functionality continue to occur in the current time period. The article provides an analysis of the possible variants of complications in relation to the level of limb truncation, options for their prevention and elimination, and how the general assessment of the eﬀect on the stat-dynamic function of the stump length at various levels is presented.
Pharmacological preconditioning — a new method of prevention and correction of hemodynamic disorders in elderly patients with hip fractures during surgery
Authors: Vasilkov V. G. , Marinchev V. N. , Emelina N. G.
Published: October 2020

Purpose of study. The problem of the safety of elderly patients with hip fractures during surgery is discussed in with article. Various types of anesthesia (general or regional) have both direct and indirect eﬀects on hemodynamic parameters.

Patients and methods. 210 patients were examined and divided into 3 groups according to type of anaesthesia: spinal, epidural and general anaesthesia based on propofol and sevoﬂurane with caudal block. In each of the groups are used diﬀerent infusion preload solution (Ringers solution, Mafusol, Kardioksipin) before anesthesia care. The object of research is the central hemodynamics BP, HR, CO, SI and SVR. Results were recorded at several stages of operation and anesthesia.

Results and сonclusion. The data, results of one investigation characterizes positively inﬂuence antihypoxants- antioxidants in combination with a combined method of anesthesia on central hemodynamics in the analyzed groups of patients.
Platelet-rich plasma use for shoulder epicondylitis treatment
Authors: Ochkurenko A. A. , Savelyev S. N. , Baymatov T. O.
Published: October 2020

Epicondylitis is the most common cause of elbow pain, affecting up to 3,0% of the adult population. A comparative study of platelet-rich plasma (BTP) and betamethasone (diprospan) in the treatment of epicondylitis of the shoulder. 50 patients received injections of betamethasone 2-fold with an interval of 14 days. The main group-50 patients received 2 injections of BTP with an interval of 14 days. The results were evaluated using the psychometric scale Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) after 1, 6 and 12 months. Patients receiving Betamethasone showed the lowest level of pain after 1 month, with a gradual tendency to reduce the clinical effect after 6 months and the increase in clinical symptoms of the disease after 12 months. after treatment. The clinical effect after the use of BTP increases to 6 months with a slight tendency to reduce the effect to 12 months. Our studies have shown a high, up to 86,0% effectiveness of the applied methods of treatment of internal and external epicondylitis of the shoulder using PRP in comparison with glucorticosteroids.
A device for prosthesis length correction
Authors: Bolotov Denis D.
Published: October 2020

In some cases, the parameters of the stump may undergo changes while walking on the prosthesis of the thigh or lower leg. The volume of the stump can change rapidly with certain pathologies (vascular diseases, multiple cicatricial changes), while a temporary increase in volume can occur in case of, for example, overload. In other cases, the parameters change gradually and, as a rule, downward. The result of a change in their volume is a change in the distance of the greater trochanterfloor, which leads to temporary or permanent overload of individual muscle groups when walking, a change in gait, and the formation of secondary changes from the various structures of the musculoskeletal system. The use of an insert in the carrier module in the form of a prosthesis length corrector allows to improve the quality of the rehabilitation and life of the disabled person and also avoids a significant number of secondary complications.
Use of Arithmetic Operation Skills in Block Based Programming Environments: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: YAVUZ MUMCU Hayal , MUMCU Suheda , ÇAKIROĞLU Ünal
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the 7th grade middle school students' processes of creating and calculating arithmetic expressions in the code.org block based coding environments. For this purpose, the reasons of students' behaviors in coding environments are tried to be revealed by comparing them with student behaviors in traditional environments. The participants of the study, which was conducted as a comparative case study, are composed of 10 students studying at a public school. Arithmetic Operation Test developed by the researchers, Student Screen Records taken from the code.org platform, Student Opinion Form consisting of three open-ended questions, Unstructured Interviews held with the students and Field Notes were used as data collection tools in this study. Descriptive analyzes were performed in order to compare the data obtained from different cases and the analysis results were expressed in different categories. In conclusion, it has been observed that the students were not as successful in coding environments as expected and use arithmetical operation skills more successfully in traditional environments than block based coding environments. In particular, it has been revealed that the use of blocks and the way in which code.org handles arithmetic operations cause the students cannot transfer their existing knowledge to the coding environments.
Eşitlik ve Denklem Konusunda Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) Destekli Öğretimin Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Başarı, Tutum ve Motivasyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: ÖZBEY Anıl , KOPARAN Timur
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma ile Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) destekli öğretimin ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin “Eşitlik ve Denklem’’ konusundaki başarı, tutum ve motivasyonlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma; 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, dört haftalık bir süre ile Marmara bölgesinde bir il merkezinde yer alan bir devlet ortaokulunda, 47 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada ön test son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen benimsenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen matematik başarı testi, alanyazında bulunan matematik dersine yönelik motivasyon ölçeği ve matematiğe yönelik tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklemler t-testinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; EBA destekli öğretimin matematik başarısı ve motivasyonuna olumlu yönde etki ettiği, matematiğe yönelik tutuma ise etki etmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Teknoloji ile Zenginleştirilmiş Ortamda Geometri Öğretiminin 6.Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Açılar Konusundaki Başarısına Etkisi
Authors: SARIASLAN Muhammet Furkan , KÜÇÜK-DEMİR Betül
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı teknoloji ile zenginleştirilmiş ortamda geometri öğretiminin 6. Sınıf öğrencilerinin açılar konusundaki başarısına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma yarı deneysel yöntem ile ön test-son test modeli kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. 2018-2019 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma Samsun ili Asarcık ilçesinde öğrenim gören 6. Sınıf seviyesindeki üç şubeye uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada teknoloji ile desteklenen deney grubu 1 (T.G), materyal kullanımı ve çalışma yaprakları ile ders anlatılan deney grubu 2 (M.G) ve klasik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı kontrol grubu olmak üzere 3 grup bulunmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Açılar Başarı Testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi istatistiksel analiz programı ile analiz edilip, sonuç olarak teknoloji ve materyal grubunun, kontrol grubuna göre başarıda anlamlı bir fark ortaya koyduğu görülmüştür.
Organizational Values Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: AKHAN ÇAĞIRTEKİN Güneş , AKÜZÜM Cemal
Published: October 2020

With globalization, the changes in societies have affected organizations and brought the “human” factor to the fore. Since educational institutions are human oriented organizations, values have become an indispensable element of schools. Therefore, it is thought that determining teachers’ perceptions of organizational values will be useful in related researches. The aim of this study is to develop a scale that allows teachers to measure their perceptions of organizational values. The study sample was composed of 49 items and 232 teachers working in secondary schools. After performing Explanatory Factor Analysis, 5 sub-scales and 43 items was obtained. The total variance of the scale was explained by 60.683 %. The total Alpha rate of the scale was found to be .946. The structure of the scale, revealed by Explanatory Factor Analysis, was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. It can be said that the scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool.
Clinical profile and outcomes of acute kidney injury patients in an intensive care unit in India
Authors: Pillai Vivek S. Narayan , Varghese C. Joe , Pais Christopher C. , Rai Vijay Gopal , Chakrapani Mahabala
Published: October 2020

Background: The limited epidemiological and outcome data of acute kidney injury (AKI) is available in developing countries. The current single-center study determined the clinical profile of AKI by attempting to identify the presenting symptoms, etiologies, treatment modalities, and disease prognosis in patients admitted in intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Mangalore, India.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 70 AKI patients between October 2001 and October 2003, admitted at Wenlock district hospital, Mangalore, KMC hospital Attawar, Mangalore and KMC hospital, Jyothi circle, Mangalore, having a serum creatinine level greater than 1.4 mg/dl and blood urea greater than 53 mg/dl.

Results: Amongst the enrolled patients, 45.7% of patients were 40-60 years old and 49 were males with no significant (p=0.412) gender difference. The most common presenting symptom was diminished micturition present in 47.1% of patients and the most common etiology of AKI was sepsis found in 27.1% of patients with the highest (17.1%) mortality. Amongst the patients who underwent conservative treatment (n=52) the mortality rate was 42.8%, while in those who underwent hemodialysis (n=18) the mortality rate was 4.2%. The overall survival rate in the study was 52.9%.

Conclusions: The epidemiological data obtained in this study is similar to the previous studies in India with hemodialysis appearing to have better disease outcomes compared to conservative therapy.
The South African macular oedema in diabetics study (the same study): a prospective randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Ally Naseer , Ismail Sarah , Sithole Bongi P. , Tsimanyane Mpho , Mayet Ismail , Kgarebe Tebogo R. , Carey Angelika U. , Hussain Taimeia G. , Anderson Craig D. , Mwita Kihagi , Rawjee Kashmira , Camacho Monique D.G. , Sun Melody W.L. , Mofokeng Thabiso , Mitha Fathima , Ntlou Lintle , Walters Ingrid , Kruger Hester , Mabunda Farai N. F. , Branders Lieschen , Makda Ismail , De Jager Wihan , Alli Hassan D.
Published: October 2020

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of visual loss affecting the economically productive age group globally. Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) results from leakage of fluid into the retinal interstitial space. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs are the first line treatment for DMO. Since monthly injections are required, this treatment regimen can prove very costly. Of the anti-VEGF drugs, bevacizumab is the most cost-effective. The pro re nata (PRN) method is the current standard of care. However, the treat and extend (T and E) regimen can potentially decrease the patient burden on hospitals. Thus far, no randomised clinical trials have been performed using Bevacizumab in a treat and extend versus pro re nata regimen.

Methods: A prospective randomised non-inferiority clinical trial testing bevacizumab (1.25 mg) in a treat and extend method versus the pro re nata method is being conducted. Patients will be randomised using a simple computer-based randomised algorithm. The primary outcome is non-inferiority within a five-letter margin for the T and E regimen versus the PRN regimen.

Conclusions: This study aims to inform a key area in the literature on the treatment of DMO, i.e. whether a T and E regimen is non-inferior to a PRN regimen in the treatment of DMO with bevacizumab, which is the only anti VEGF available in resource poor settings. It is motivated by the cost involved in the treatment of DMO as well as the treatment burden on both the patient and the health institution at which the patient is receiving treatment.

Trial registration: The trial has been registered on the Pan-African clinical trials registry (PACTR202001624880-753).
Medical device: a complete overview
Authors: Ravichandran Rajganesh , Balakrishnan Raveena Pachal , Batcha Jaya Shree Dilli , Ravi Abarna Lakshmi , Sam Nikhil Cherian
Published: October 2020

Medical device means any instrument, apparatus, machine, appliance, implant, reagent for in vitro use, software, material or other similar or related article, intended by the manufacturer to be used, alone or in combination, for human beings, for one or more of the specific medical purpose. Medical devices are generally classified based on risks; the actual risk-based classification of the medical device depends upon its intended use and purpose. Development of an entirely new device typically begins with a concept by a physician or bioengineer for a solution to a medical problem. If the idea is determined to be workable and practical (proof of concept) an early design of the device, known as a prototype, will be built. A prototype device will undergo a cycle of preclinical testing, redesigning, preclinical testing of the redesign and so forth, until the design has been refined and tested to a point that it is ready for production and testing in humans. Preclinical animal tastings are conducted to provide reasonable evidence that novel technologies and therapies are safe and effective. When studying medical devices, clinical trials are not always required, and whether or not one will be conducted depends on a risk assessment. Post marketing surveillance is the practice of monitoring the safety of a medical device after it has been released on the market.
Dispensing errors in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates: investigating incidence, types, severity, and causes
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Osama , Ibrahim Rana M. , Al Meslamani Ahmad Z. , Al Mazrouei Nadia
Published: October 2020

Background: Medication dispensing is a fundamental function of community pharmacies, and errors that occur during the dispensing process are a major threat to patient safety. However, to date there has been no national study of medication dispensing errors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the incidence, types, clinical significance, causes and predictors of medication dispensing errors.

Methods: The study was conducted in randomly selected community pharmacies (n=350) across all regions of UAE over six months using a mixed-method approach, incorporating prospective disguised observation of dispensing errors and interviews with pharmacists regarding the causes of errors. A multidisciplinary committee, which included an otolaryngologist, a general practitioner and a clinical pharmacist, evaluated the severity of errors. SPSS (Version 26) was used for data analysis.

Results: The overall rate of medication dispensing errors was 6.7% (n=30912/ 464222), of which 2.6% (n=12274/464222) were prescription-related errors and 4.1% (n= 18638/464222) pharmacist counselling errors. The most common type of prescription-related errors was wrong quantity (30.0%), whereas the most common pharmacist counselling error was wrong drug (32.1%). The majority of errors were caused by medicine replaced with near expire one (24.7%) followed by look-alike/sound-alike drugs (22.3%). The majority of errors were moderate (46.8%) and minor (44.5%); 8.7% were serious errors. Predictors of medication dispensing errors were: grade A pharmacies (dispensing  60 prescriptions a day (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.6; p=0.03) and prescriptions containing ≥4 medication orders (OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.7-4.3; p=0.01).

Conclusions: Medication dispensing errors are common in the UAE and our findings can be generalised and considered as a reference to launch training programmes on safe medication dispensing practice.
University-Based Adaptive Sport Camps as a Model for Engaging Injured Military Veterans in Community Development
Authors: Arthur-Banning Skye , Garst Barry , Suk Oh Young , Domka Margaret
Published: October 2020

As more veterans return home from active duty with injuries or retire with disabilities and seek to reintegrate into the community, adaptive sport programming is an important recreational opportunity. Specifically, improved quality of life, more fluid community reintegration, positive psychosocial outcomes, and overall improved health are all stated benefits of participation in adaptive sport programs for individuals with disabilities. This program engaged veterans or members of the armed forces with disabilities in a unique university-based adaptive soccer camp experience with three main goals in mind: (1) to expose the veterans to the adaptive soccer sports of CP/TBI soccer and blind soccer, (2) to provide U.S. Soccer grassroots coach certification, (3) and to identify talent for the U.S. Soccer Paralympic National Team. In addition to facilitating this experience for veterans, we evaluated the camp program based on three main research questions: (1) How do injured military veterans and professionals serving veterans with disabilities evaluate satisfaction in an importance by performance analysis? (2) To what extent is a university-based VA Adaptive Sport Camp a promising setting for learning soccer related skills? and (3) What do injured military veterans and professionals serving veterans with disabilities identify as barriers to participation? Evaluation findings indicated that veterans wanted more information about coaching, the students, and additional community opportunities and were not concerned about the accommodations or food choices at camp, further highlighting the importance of the adaptive sport nature of the program itself. Veterans identified several camp elements that worked well in a university-based setting such as student interaction, scheduling, and balance between being a participant and learning coaching skills and would encourage other colleagues to attend in the future. Finally, participants identified perceived barriers to future participation were based largely on travel distance and costs. Subsequently, the programmers have sought to provide more programs around the country with partner agencies and in so doing, reduce travel time and costs. Overall, this programming model has significant promise for growth and has already provided results consistent with positive community reintegration and increased veteran participation in soccer-related activities, which can pave the pathway for more in-depth program analysis.
La minga como imaginario social. Una mirada a la pedagogía de resiliencia indígena en Colombia
Authors: Mora García José Pascual , Correa Alfonso José
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo abordar la minga como una de las manifestaciones sociales enmarcadas en la cultura de la resistencia indígena en Colombia. La propuesta es original por cuanto recupera para la historia de la educación una práctica ancestral, expresión de una actividad pedagógica colectiva que forma parte de las enseñanzas de numerosos pueblos indígenas andinos de Colombia que se reúnen para levantar edificaciones, preparar o cultivar terrenos, o recolectar cosechas; en nuestro caso, queremos presentarla como una forma de resistencia social, de defensa de sus derechos democráticos y de presentación de iniciativas frente al Acuerdo de Paz. Metodológicamente, es una investigación documental que se fundamenta en las epistemologías del sur y la tradición de la Escuela de los Annales, los historiadores marxistas británicos y las pedagogías alternativas[1]. De todo lo cual se concluye que la recuperación de los imaginarios ancestrales a través de la minga hace que sea posible potenciar la Pedagogía de Resiliencia para la Paz.

 

[1] José Pascual Mora García, “Aproximación a las pedagogías alternativas: de la pedagogía de la diversidad a las pedagogías de la resiliencia en el marco del postacuerdo”, Revista Historia de la Educación Colombiana vol. 22, n.o 22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.22267/rhec.192222.51
WOLF, ERIC R. Los Campesinos. Editorial Labor, Nueva Colección Labor, Primera edición en español, Traducción de Juan Eduardo Cirlot Laporta, Barcelona, 1971
Authors: Huerta Andrea
Published: October 2020

Publicado originalmente en inglés bajo el título de Peasants por la Foundation of Modern Anthropological Series (Marshall D. Sahlins, editor) de Prentice Hall Inc. de New Jersey en 1966, este libro fundamental viene a llenar un vado en las publicaciones en lengua española sobre este tema tan importante para nuestros países. Aunque en esta ocasión tenemos que agradecer a una editorial española la traducción, esta no es muy afortunada ya que pensamos que el traductor Juan-Eduardo Cirlot Laporta, desconoce el tema acerca del cual traduce y además maneja un español algunas veces tan en desuso que hace difícil su lectura. De todas maneras no podemos decir que la traducción impida el acercamiento a este tema, más de lo que lo hacen las innumerables publicaciones recientes en ingles y sobre todo la ausencia de estas en español.
KRICKEBBRG, WALTER. Mitos y Leyendas de los Aztecas, Incas, Mayas y Muiscas. Recopilado, elaborado y traducido por Johanna Faulhaber y Brigitte von Mentz. Editado por e1 Fondo de Cultura Económica. México, 1971
Authors: Montolíu V. María
Published: October 2020

Hacia los años veintes, el conocido americanista Walter Krickeberg, inició un estudio sobre las leyendas de los pueblos más importantes de América Latina, bajo el patrocinio de la Editorial alemana de Eugen Diederichs. En 1928 apareció la primera edición de este trabajo, edición que sirvió de modelo al Fondo de Cultura Económica, para en el futuro continuar con este tipo de investigaciones. La manera como se elaboró este libro es la siguiente: se buscaron los textos originales en castellano en base a la bibliografía que el autor utilizó y se reprodujeron siguiendo exactamente el plan del autor y anotando sus aclaraciones. La elaboración y arreglo de esta obra estuvieron a cargo de las antropólogas profesora Johanna Faulhaber y señora Brigitte von Mentz.
La inscripción del monumento 6 de Tortuguero
Authors: Riese Berthold
Published: October 2020

Quiero exponerles mis resultados preliminares del desciframiento de la inscripción maya del monumento 6 de Tortuguero. Se dice que el monumento 6 fue encontrado en el año 1958 cubriendo una tumba en la zona arqueológica de Tortuguero, municipio de Macuspana, Tabasco. Desgraciadamente no se sabe casi nada sobre la arqueología de esta zona a excepción de algunos apuntes muy breves de Blom (1926) y Berlin (1953). Los fragmentos A, C y F de la pieza fueron trasladados al Museo de Tabasco en Villahermosa, donde se encuentran actualmente. El fragmento B -dado a conocer en una foto por Thompson (1962: .p. 438) se encuentra actualmente en el Museo de Arte Primitivo en Nueva York. Los fragmentos D y E se encuentran en una colecci6n particular en Boston, Estados Unidos. Los seis fragmentos, como se ve en la figura I, forman una inscripción de 163 bloques, de los cuales sólo una pequeña parte, es decir 42, están parcial o totalmente destruidos.
Revuelta y renacimiento: Una lectura cosmológica del carnaval tzotzil
Authors: Ochiai Kazuyasu
Published: October 2020

En los últimos cuarenta años parece que el carnaval, por sus características exclusivas y espectaculares, ha llamado la atención de los antropólogos que han trabajado en los Altos de Chiapas. Por ejemplo, Calixta Guiteras Holmes, una de las primeras antropólogas en llevar a cabo trabajo de campo entre los tzotziles en la decada de los cuarenta, dejó paginas de descripciones detalladas del carnaval de Chenalhó en sus notas de campo (Guiteras Colmes 194ó). Ricardo Pozas dedicó una sección de su etnográfica clásica de Chamula a esta fiesta especial (Pozas 1959: 174-184). La fiesta de San Sebastián de Zinacantán, que contiene numerosos elementos carnavalescos, ha sido descrita en detalle y analizada por Evon Z. Vogt (Vogt 1969: 536-551; 1976a, 1976b: 159-178). Particular atención fue prestada por Gary H. Gossen al aspecto lingüístico del carnaval de Chamula (Gossen 1974: 138-139, 178-182). Recientemente el mismo carnaval de Chamula fue metódicamente filmado por Thor Anderson.
Los mochós cuentan de dónde vino el fuego
Authors: Petrich Perla
Published: October 2020

Hasta 1882, fecha en que es firmado el "Tratado de límites" entre México y Guatemala, Motozintla perteneció - al igual que Mazapa de Madero y Amatenango de la Frontera- al municipio de Cuilco, Huehuetenango. La organización espacial de la zona y la evangelización estuvieron, en un primer momento, a cargo de los dominicos, pero a partir de 1537 el Obispo Marroquín confía a la Orden de la Merced dicha tarea. En 1602 los mercedarios tienen ya organizada la región y Motozintla forma parte de !a cuarta doctrina que es atendida a partir del Convento de Cuilco. Fuentes y Guzmán, al describir la región, la presenta como "un territorio vasto, cubierto de numerosos árboles de copal de todas las especies que se producen en nuestra América". Esta actividad, que desde la época prehispánica fue una actividad diferenciadora de los motozintlecos, lo sigue siendo aun en nuestros días como lo hemos demostrado ya.
Documentos de la división del Beneficio de Yaxcabá. El castigo a una idolatría
Authors: Izquierdo y de La Cueva Ana Luisa
Published: October 2020

La publicación y difusión de fuentes primarias, entre las que se -encuentran los documentos de archivo multiplican las posibilidades de análisis e interpretación del pasado, de tal manera que nos acercan objetivamente al conocimiento de una realidad. Un documento aislado, de los miles que guardan los archivos, puede considerarse, a primera vista, como un fragmento insignificante del pasado, pero siendo revelador de acontecimientos y sus circunstancias se constituye en un aporte, ya que son precisamente los vínculos de hechos particulares conocidos en múltiples fuentes los fundamentos para hacer historia. Los que ahora presentamos son el caso de división de un Beneficio en Yucatán y forman: parte de una serie de escritos del Archivo de Indias de Sevilla que reciben el titulo de "Cartas y expedientes del Obispo de Yucatán vistas en el Consejo, 1573-1699", Audiencia de México, Leg. 369.