bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impairment of Pattern Separation of Ambiguous Scenes by Single Units in the CA3 in the Absence of the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Lee Choong-Hee , Lee Inah
Published: March 2020

Theoretical models and experimental evidence have suggested that connections from the dentate gyrus (DG) to CA3 play important roles in representing orthogonal information (i.e., pattern separation) in the hippocampus. However, the effects of eliminating the DG on neural firing patterns in the CA3 have rarely been tested in a goal-directed memory task that requires both the DG and CA3. In this study, selective lesions in the DG were made using colchicine in male Long–Evans rats, and single units from the CA3 were recorded as the rats performed visual scene memory tasks. The original scenes used in training were altered during testing by blurring to varying degrees or by using visual masks, resulting in maximal recruitment of the DG–CA3 circuits. Compared with controls, the performance of rats with DG lesions was particularly impaired when blurred scenes were used in the task. In addition, the firing rate modulation associated with visual scenes in these rats was significantly reduced in the single units recorded from the CA3 when ambiguous scenes were presented, largely because DG-deprived CA3 cells did not show stepwise, categorical rate changes across varying degrees of scene ambiguity compared with controls. These findings suggest that the DG plays key roles not only during the acquisition of scene memories but also during retrieval when modified visual scenes are processed in conjunction with the CA3 by making the CA3 network respond orthogonally to ambiguous scenes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the behavioral evidence supporting the role of the dentate gyrus in pattern separation in the hippocampus, the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. By recording single units from the CA3 in DG-lesioned rats performing a visual scene memory task, we report that the scene-related modulation of neural firing was significantly reduced in the DG-lesion rats compared with controls, especially when the original scene stimuli were ambiguously altered. Our findings suggest that the dentate gyrus plays an essential role during memory retrieval and performs a critical computation to make categorical rate modulation occur in the CA3 between different scenes, especially when ambiguity is present in the environment.
Seed Science and Technology. Volume 48 Issue 1 (2020)
Authors: Groot Steven P.C.
Published: March 2020

This issue of Seed Science and Technology contains a number of interesting papers worth giving additional attention. There are five papers that deal with analysis and breaking of seed dormancy, an important issue, not only for commercial practice and breeding, but also for regeneration
of habitats and safeguarding bio- diversity. One paper in this issue describes how mucilage production by seeds can aid in overcoming drought stress during germination of seeds from a desert plant. Combatting seed borne diseases remains an important issue. One paper describes how treatment
with a combination of two fungicides proved to be effective against seed transmitted seedling blight in Norway spruce. Another paper demonstrates a method to combat a seed- transmitted bacterial infection with watermelon in the seedling stage. Seed vigour tests are needed to give a better
estimation of differences between seed lots regarding field emergence. A faster vigour test for tobacco seeds is proposed in a paper in this issue. Even traditional ISTA germination tests may be improved, as demonstrated in a paper for spinach seeds, where especially large seeds can be sensitive
to a high moisture level in the tests. Instruments initially used in high-technology industries or in medical care sometimes find their way to seed science applications. An example described in this issue is the use of 3D X-ray computed tomography, which enables rapid non-destructive analyses
of the morphology of individual seeds, which can be correlated with germination behaviour. Another paper is on the use of multispectral imaging for seed purity analysis with alfalfa seed lots.
Segmentation of a Soft Body and its Bending Performance using Thin McKibben Muscle
Authors: Mohamed Mohd Firdaus , Mohd Hanif Asyikin Sasha , Faudzi Ahmad Athif
Published: March 2020

In recent years, soft actuator has been extensively developed in robotic research. This type of robot is expected to work with human with its flexible and adaptable advantage. The actuator material is soft, light, safe and high compliant. Due to these factors, soft McKibben is of interest as an actuator for this research for bending application. This paper introduces a variant bending analysis of a soft body manipulated using soft McKibben actuators. A series of 1.80 mm width with the length of 120.0 mm McKibben actuator is used to control the bending motion. The design consists of four McKibben actuators arranged in parallel and compacted in a soft body. The bending behavior was evaluated using an experimental test with a variety of pneumatic input pressure and length section on the actuator. The experiment showed that the bending angle was influenced by the segmentation length of the actuator, where the segmentation length and increased input pressure also allow more bending on the actuator. The actuator with lot of section gave more bending response compared to the actuator with lesser section. With the performance exhibited from this study, McKibben actuator can be applied in a wider use for continuum manipulator.
An Aerodynamic Assessment of Vehicle-Side Wall Interaction using Numerical Simulations
Authors: Read C. , Viswanathan H.
Published: March 2020

The effects of induced pressure loads from a realistic vehicle onto the surface of a road-side wall are numerically investigated. Parameters such as vehicle speeds, vehicle-wall separation distances and the effects of inclined walls are examined to numerically characterize the vehicle-wall interactions. Aerodynamic characteristics such as the drag, lift, side forces and pressure coefficients are analyzed on the vehicle to provide a basis for comparison between each of the aforementioned variations. Our results demonstrate that a smaller separation distance between vehicle and wall enhances the pressure induced on both the wall and car which is found to be consistent with the experimental data published previously. We find that the presence of a wall in close proximity to the passing vehicle unfavourably influences the induced pressure on the side-wall and abruptly increases the drag, lift and side forces experienced by the vehicle. For a vertical side-wall, from a wall separation point of view, a separation distance of 1.35 normalized by the height of the vehicle tends to retrieve the cars’ original drag and lift value. In addition, our results demonstrate that a wall inclined to the ground favourably influences the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle compared to its vertical counterpart.
Performance Evaluation of Cryogenic Treated and Untreated Carbide Inserts during Machining of AISI 304 Steel
Authors: Patil Nagraj , Gopalakrishna K. , Sangmesh B.
Published: March 2020

The cutting tool in the machining process plays an important role as it acts on the working material. There are a few methodologies have been persued to improve tool life, for example traditional cooling, single layer coating, multilayer coating, heat treatment process, nitrogen cooling and latest being the cryogenic treatment which reported a significant improvement in cutting tool life, chip morphology, reduction in heat generation. Hence, the cryogenic treatment is emerged as the sustainable machining process.  This paper presents machining of AISI 304 steel using both cryogenic treated (CT) and untreated (UT) cutting tool insert. The commercially available uncoated carbide insert has been cryogenically treated at -196°C for 24 hours soaking period. The machining test has been  conducted under four different cutting speeds. The material characterization of cutting insert is studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness test, and microscopic image analysis has been carried out before and after cryogenic treatment. The cutting tool performance is assessed in terms of of wear, cutting temperature, chip morphology, surface roughness under the influence of cryogenic machining and the results are contrast with UT one. The exploratory findings reveals that the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) with 24 hours soaking period, performed better wear resistance and improved surface roughness of the cutting tool. Also considerable reduction in the flank wear, crater wear, cutting temperature is obtained and found improved chip morphology.
AŞI REDDİ VE TOPİKAL FLUORİD REDDİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: YAZAN Elif , GENCAY Koray , TUNA Elif Bahar
Published: March 2020

Koruyucu
tedaviler bireylerin hastalığa yakalanma riskini ve sonrasında ölüm riskini
oldukça düşüren tedavilerdir. Aşının reddedilmesi bireysel olduğu kadar toplumsal
birçok soruna yol açmaktadır. 2010 yılından sonra yetişkinler arasında görülen
çocukluk çağı hastalıklarının sayısının artması, oluşan kızamık ve kabakulak
salgınları çocukluk dönemi aşılarının önemini bir kez daha kanıtlar
niteliktedir. Topikal fluorid uygulaması da ülkemizde endemik olarak görülen
diş çürüklerinin önlenmesinde etkisi 1++ derecesinde kanıtlanmış koruyucu bir
uygulamadır. Aşı ve topikal fluorid uygulamalarının reddedilme prevalansı,
nedenleri ve bu redde karşın alınabilecek önlemlerin tespiti birey ve toplum
sağlığı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Aşı reddi nedenlerini dini nedenler,
felsefi nedenler, güvenlik endişeleri ve sağlık çalışanlarından daha fazla
bilgi alma olarak sıralayabiliriz. Topikal fluorid reddi nedenlerini sorgulayan
bir araştırma bulunmazken topikal fluorid reddi nedenlerini aşı reddi
nedenleriyle ilişkilendiren araştırmalar mevcuttur.

Anahtar kelimeler: Topikal fluorid, aşı reddi, koruyucu dişhekimliği
Crisis familiares: una oportunidad para transitar de la catástrofe y el caos, al despliegue de capacidades para el cambio
Authors: Valencia Sandra Milena
Published: March 2020

El artículo presenta algunos hallazgos derivados de la investigación "Prácticas dialógicas y códigos sociolingüísticos en familias hacia la superación de situaciones de crisis”, el cual consistió en comprender en el diálogo con las familias el significado que tuvo para su vida y sus relaciones familiares vivir y superar exitosamente situaciones de crisis. Esta investigación siguió una metodología cualitativa y un enfoque hermenéutico, que permitió, a través de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 30 familias urbanas y rurales, residentes en los municipios de Manizales, Neira y Risaralda, acercarse y comprender sus experiencias desde su propia perspectiva. Se concluye que las familias por sus propios medios y haciendo uso de sus capacidades, resuelven en la mayoría de los casos exitosamente crisis que ocurren en su trayectoria de vida, y que esto genera aprendizajes a nivel personal y familiar.
Propiedades psicométricas del TAPQOL 2 para la medición de la calidad de vida en niños preescolares colombianos
Authors: Vinaccia Alpi Stefano , Raleigh Rosangela , Urzúa Alfonso , Ortega Andrea , Vieria Alejandra , Díaz Alejandra , González Alexander , Jiménez Yuli , Pico Lina , Vinasco Brayan
Published: March 2020

Si bien hay antecedentes empíricos acerca de la medición de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños, no hay evidencia de estudios similares en Colombia. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir las propiedades psicométricas iniciales de la versión en español del TAPQOL 2 en una muestra de 229 cuidadores de niños preescolares entre tres y seis años de edad, de ambos sexos, residentes en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se realizó un análisis factorial con extracción de componentes principales y rotación Varimax, así como un análisis de consistencia interna por alfa de Cronbach para la escala general y cada factor obtenido, correlaciones inter-elemento y estadísticos total-elemento. Los resultados mostraron que el cuestionario TAPQOL 2 presenta un alfa de Cronbach de 0.81, explica una varianza acumulada del 66.44% y correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos. Con relación al instrumento original, el cuestionario TAPQOL 2 mantiene 12 factores, pero se diferencia en que se fusionan los factores emociones positivas y vitalidad, mientras que emerge un nuevo factor relacionado con el control comportamental del niño. Se encuentra que los indicadores psicométricos del cuestionario son consistentes con investigaciones previas sobre los componentes del bienestar en los niños.
La mediación pedagógica en el sistema familiar frente a los contenidos en televisión, internet y redes sociales online
Authors: Silva Pertuz Marta , Silva Silva Adriana , García Jiménez Andrés F.
Published: March 2020

Este artículo es producto de una investigación de mixta donde predominó el énfasis en la descripción de los resultados, con características cuantitativas de la información obtenida a través del cuestionario aplicado. El diseño descriptivo permitió observar y reflexionar sobre las mediaciones pedagógicas que se dan en los contextos familiares frente a la recepción y consumo de productos y servicios ofertados por la televisión,  internet y las redes sociales on line. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios (16 y 24 años de edad) a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario y un diario de observación. Se realizó una triangulación de los resultados de la observación participante y de los cuestionarios aplicados. Se encontró que existía un tipo de mediación familiar frente a los contenidos televisivos. Sin embargo, no se encontró un indicador que aclare si las familias están mediando los contenidos que circulan en internet. Esto permite una oportunidad para plantear estrategias de comunicación familiar, que posibiliten una injerencia de los padres / cuidadores o acompañantes sobre estos contenidos, teniendo en cuenta el ciclo vital individual y familiar.
Silencing ofMutatorElements in Maize Involves Distinct Populations of Small RNAs and Distinct Patterns of DNA Methylation
Authors: Burgess Diane , Li Hong , Zhao Meixia , Kim Sang Yeol , Lisch Damon
Published: March 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) are a ubiquitous feature of plant genomes. Because of the threat they post to genome integrity, most TEs are epigenetically silenced. However, even closely related plant species often have dramatically different populations of TEs, suggesting periodic rounds of activity and silencing. Here, we show that the process of de novo methylation of an active element in maize involves two distinct pathways, one of which is directly implicated in causing epigenetic silencing and one of which is the result of that silencing. Epigenetic changes involve changes in gene expression that can be heritably transmitted to daughter cells in the absence of changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics has been implicated in phenomena as diverse as development, stress response, and carcinogenesis. A significant challenge facing those interested in investigating epigenetic phenomena is determining causal relationships between DNA methylation, specific classes of small RNAs, and associated changes in gene expression. Because they are the primary targets of epigenetic silencing in plants and, when active, are often targeted for de novo silencing, TEs represent a valuable source of information about these relationships. We use a naturally occurring system in which a single TE can be heritably silenced by a single derivative of that TE. By using this system it is possible to unravel causal relationships between different size classes of small RNAs, patterns of DNA methylation, and heritable silencing. Here, we show that the long terminal inverted repeats within Zea mays MuDR transposons are targeted by distinct classes of small RNAs during epigenetic silencing that are dependent on distinct silencing pathways, only one of which is associated with transcriptional silencing of the transposon. Further, these small RNAs target distinct regions of the terminal inverted repeats, resulting in different patterns of cytosine methylation with different functional consequences with respect to epigenetic silencing and the heritability of that silencing.
Water potential in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants subjected to different irrigation treatments and doses of calcium
Authors: Álvarez-Herrera Javier , González Hernán , Fischer Gerhard
Published: March 2020

To determine whether the management of irrigation andnutrition in cape gooseberry crops with calcium to reduce thecracking of fruits affects the water potential of the plants, thepresent study was carried out using a randomized block designwith 12 treatments in a 4×3 factorial arrangement. The blockswere the irrigation frequencies (4, 9 and 14 days apart). Thefirst factor was the irrigation coefficient (0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.3 ofthe evaporation tank of class A), and the second factor was thecalcium dose (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1), representing 36 experimental units. Seed propagated cape gooseberries were transplanted in 20 L pots using peat moss as substrate. The water potential in the leaves (ψleaf) and stems (ψstem) was measured as well as the water consumption and irrigation water-use efficiency (WUEi) of the plants. The ψleaf and ψstem of the cape gooseberry plants presented a sinusoidal trend throughout the day. The water frequency of 4 days with an irrigation coefficient of 1.1 showed the highest values of ψleaf and ψstem. The ψstem and ψleaf reached the highest values at predawn (4 am) as a result of the low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) levels that occurred at that time and reached their lowest point in the midday hours. The irrigation coefficient of 1.1 had the second largest WUEi and, thus, represented the water level most suitable for growing cape gooseberry since it generated the largest number of big fruits and the smallest percentage of cracked fruits.
El héroe épico: una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Morales Harley Roberto
Published: March 2020

El artículo ofrece un análisis del héroe épico, como categoría distinta del héroe mítico, en la épica guerrera griega (Ilíada) y en la épica guerrera sánscrita (Mahābhārata). La premisa metodológica que guía la investigación es que los diversos planteamientos existentes sobre el héroe resultan muy generales para su aplicación a los héroes épicos, especialmente a los de la épica guerrera. El modelo teórico sobre el que se apoya el estudio es una combinación de la morfología heroica (Bauzá, 2004) y de los elementos del relato (Mendoza, 1995). La principal contribución es una tipología de las doce características del héroe épico de la épica guerrera.
Caracterización del componente fraseológico en el discurso periodístico español
Authors: Cervera Rodríguez Ángel
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación se centra en explicar el componente léxico-fraseológico presente en el discurso periodístico español. Tiene por objeto explicar los aspectos lingüísticos y el carácter pragmático que adquieren estas unidades en el discurso periodístico. En ellas se incluyen las pertenecientes al «discurso repetido», como las frases hechas, las locuciones, las expresiones idiomáticas fosilizadas en forma de enunciados y las que están en proceso de formalización léxico-sintáctica. Para ello, se ha aplicado una metodología basada en el análisis lingüístico-pragmático de un corpus de unidades fraseológicas representativas extraídas de diferentes medios de comunicación. Así se ha podido abordar la problemática de la fraseología, al tiempo que se ha podido identificar el grado de fijeza léxica y comprobar el constante recurso a estas unidades, sobre todo verbales, con proyección pragmático-discursiva en el discurso periodístico.
Anfibios del bosque nuboso de El Silencio de Los Ángeles, San Ramón de Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Morera-Chacón Brayan H. , Acosta-Chaves Víctor J.
Published: March 2020

We present the list of amphibians for the El Silencio de Los Ángeles Cloud Forest (Villa Blanca Hotel and Reserve) in San Ramón de Alajuela, Costa Rica, Central America. We performed nocturnal visual and acoustic surveys in the trail system, mainly from 2013 to 2014. We also received data from the local guides up to 2019. We compared the similarity of amphibian richness of our site against other premontane reserves in Costa Rica with a cluster analysis (Jaccard index, single linkage). We recorded 26 species distributed in 16 genera, eight families and two orders. Notrotiton gamezi was the only threatened species detected. The El Silencio de los Ángeles Cloud Forest site is around 80 % similar to San Lorencito River Station and 55% to Nectandra Reserve. Containing 12% of the Costa Rica’s amphibian richness, this premontane woodland should be considered among the most important clouded forest in Central Costa Rica for amphibian conservation.
Las implicaciones sociales y económicas de las unidades de intercambio solidario (UDIS) como medio de pago en COOPEVICTORIA
Authors: Molina Salas Mynor
Published: March 2020

El estudio presenta inicialmente un abordaje que contextualiza el tema de CoopeVictoria y el uso de las UDIS como medio de pago alternativo que utiliza esta Cooperativa desde el año 2007, así mismo se analizan las bondades fundamentalmente sociales y económicas, así como las limitaciones del proyecto, a partir de las consideraciones de diferentes personas que fueron encuestadas, y de la aplicación de encuestas a tres diferentes poblaciones, los asociados y colaboradores de la cooperativa que han estado vinculados al proyecto, y los dueños o administradores de los negocios que participan como parte del núcleo de afiliados al mismo, y que por tanto también reciben UDIS como medio de pago por parte de sus clientes.
Deep sequencing and transcriptome analyses to identify genes involved in iridoid biosynthesis in the medicinal plant Valeriana jatamansi Jones
Authors: ZHAO Shuang , WANG Chenshu
Published: March 2020

Valeriana jatamansi Jones is utilized for medicinal purposes in China, and is also an important substitute for European Valeriana officinalis. The major active principles are generally called valepotriates, which belong to iridoids compounds. To better understand the iridoid biosynthesis pathway in V. jatamansi, we generated transcriptome sequences from the leaf and root tissues, and performed de novo sequence assembly, a total of 183,524,060 transcripts and 61,876 unigenes for V. jatamansi were obtained from 13.28 Gb clean reads. 56,641 unigenes were annotated by public databases, while 5,235 unigenes remained unannotated. Different unigenes in V. jatamansi were identified by MISA analysis, and 5,195 unigenes containing Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) were identified. When examining the annotation of transcriptome contigs against the KEGG database, we identified 24 unigenes that could be classified into 24 enzyme categories associated with three metabolic pathways leading to iridoid biosynthesis, 6 genes of MVA pathways, 9 genes of MEP pathways and 9 genes of iridoids pathways. We selected 9 genes encoding key enzymes in the iridoid pathway of V. jatamansi to examine their organ specificity of expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In conclusion, we generated a comprehensive transcriptome assembly representing the gene space in V. jatamansi, and the genomic dataset and analyses presented here lay the foundation for further research on this important medicinal plant.
Controlled atmosphere and shelf life performance of a new late-maturing Japanese pear, Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. F.) Nakai, cultivar ‘Atago’
Authors: DİLMAÇÜNAL Tuba
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research was to investigate the optimum storage condition, duration and shelf life performance of a new late-maturing Japanese pear cultivar ‘Atago’ under normal atmosphere, controlled atmosphere and shelf life conditions. For this purpose, fruits without injury or decay were divided into two groups. Group 1 (control) was stored in normal atmosphere; group 2 was stored in controlled atmosphere at 2.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2. The fruits were stored at 0 °C and 90-95% relative humidity for 32 weeks. 120 fruits were removed from normal atmosphere and controlled atmosphere every two months. Analyses were conducted on 60 fruits immediately after removal from storage, whereas remaining 60 fruits were transferred to the shelf life conditions (20 °C and 60-65% relative humidity), where they were kept for 5 d for shelf life performance evaluation. Fruits were analyzed for weight loss, peel and flesh color, flesh firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid content, respiration rate, ethylene production, peel, internal and core browning, rotting, superficial and senescent scald and sensorial evaluation. According to results of ethylene production ‘Atago’ was evaluated in the moderate range of the ethylene-generating group of Japanese pears and accepted as a climacteric fruit. Core browning was at higher levels in normal atmosphere than controlled atmosphere at the end of the storage. Results suggested that ‘Atago’ should be stored in controlled atmosphere at 2.5% O2 + 1.5% CO2 to prevent core browning and rotting and to maintain a high-quality extended marketing period.
Comparison of European Archaeophyte lists in the light of distribution data
Authors: ECSERI Károly , HONFI Péter
Published: March 2020

Currently is not available a complex archaeophyte definition based on the same criteria in Europe, and it cause significant anomalies between neighbouring countries. The main aim of our work was to provide the criteria which based on the available lists and chorological information. For this purpose, the archaeophyte flora of 15 European countries was compared in our research. The list of available resources has been revised and completed, taking into account the distribution data of the species. The lists were merged to contain 560 species. The majority of the plants in the merged list belong to the Asteraceae and Poaceae families with 74 and 55 species, respectively. The Chenopodium genus is characterized by the most frequent occurrence (14 species). More than half of the plants are annual and 151 species belong to Eurasian geoelements. The greatest numbers of species were observed in Crete (461 species) and Greece (460 species) and the smallest numbers were observed in Ireland (240 species) and England (241 species). In case of individual countries, plants with composite flowers, annual life form and Eurasian elements represent the highest volume, but the number of southern geoelements is also significant. All lists included anaecophytes archaeophytes. Comparison of revised lists showed 83-99% similarity. Using with this method can be formed an international archaeophyte database, which based on phytogeographical distribution and helps future researchers.
Seed morphology and allelopathy of invasive Praxelis clematidea
Authors: INTANON Suphannika , WIENGMOON Buntoon , MALLORY-SMITH Carol A.
Published: March 2020

Praxelis [Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Rob.] is an invasive species that infests many agricultural systems globally, such as orchards, rubber plantations, and other economic crops. The purpose of this research was to study seed morphology, germination factors, and allelopathy of aboveground parts of P. clematidea. P. clematidea seeds are small, light, and possess pappi that allow them to be dispersed easily by wind or animals. Among four P. clematidea populations collected from different provinces in Thailand, the size of P. clematidea seeds ranged from 2.6 to 3.2 mm in length, 0.6 to 0.7 mm in width, and were 0.4 mm in thickness. The weight of P. clematidea seeds ranged from 0.13 to 0.21 mg. P. clematidea had about 44 to 48 seeds per head. Seeds germinated over a temperature range of 20 to 30 °C while high (45 °C) and low (10 °C) temperatures reduced germination. Maximum germination occurred when seeds were planted on the soil surface. No seedlings germinated when seeds were planted at a depth more than 1 cm. P. clematidea extracts from aerial plant parts at concentrations of 25 and 50% inhibited seedling growth of hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). Basic knowledge of the seed biology of P. clematidea and allelochemicals can help in understanding the invasiveness and in developing management strategies for this weed.
Vultures, their population status and some ecological aspects in an Indian stronghold
Authors: JHA Kaushalendra K. , CAMPBELL Michael O. , JHA Radhika
Published: March 2020

Indian vultures have important ecological and socio-economic functions and are increasingly studied, per their ecological role and recently, their catastrophic populations’ decline. However, there are few studies of vultures in central India, a vulture stronghold. The present paper examined the presence, distribution per landcover variation, roosting and nesting habits of vultures in this region. Both quantitative (total count) and qualitative (questionnaire survey) methods of research were applied. The hypotheses were that vulture presence is higher in forested areas, unaffected by agricultural development (excepting the Egyptian vulture); as well as that vultures are more likely to roost and nest in large trees and on cliffs in open landcover. Vulture species recorded in summer and winter counts were the Long-billed vulture (Gyps indicus, Scopoli, 1786), Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus, Linnaeus, 1758), White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis, Gmelin, 1788), Eurasian Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus, Hablizl, 1783), Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus, Scopoli, 1786), Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus, Linnaeus, 1766) and Himalayan Griffon vulture (Gyps himalayensis, Hume, 1869). Their average total abundance was of 7,028 individuals, maximum being Long-billed vulture (3,351) and minimum being Cinereous vulture (39). Thematic maps documented distributions in different agroclimatic regions and ecozones. Orography and forest structure influenced vulture presence, but human disturbance did not. Vulture protection, food monitoring and human-induced disturbances are manageable with critical, informed and flexible policies. These findings contribute to monitoring and management planning for vulture conservation in Central India and elsewhere.
Assessment of tree species diversity and benefits in selected recreation centres for biodiversity conservation in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: BOLANLE-OJO Oluwasanmi T. , FALANA Adepeju R. , BOLANLE-OJO Oluwayomi I. , LEVAN Cuong
Published: March 2020

The present study assessed the trees species diversity and the benefits that arise from their presence in five selected recreation centers in the urban area of Ibadan: Agodi Gardens, Ibadan Recreation Club, National Museum of Unity, Ibadan Golf Club and Ibadan Polo Club. The selected areas were purposively chosen due to the presence of tree species in the urban landscape. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Agodi Garden had in total 537 individuals, 46 tree species within 25 families. Ibadan Recreation Club had the total number of 148 trees, whereas 32 species within 22 families were represented. National Museum of Unity had a total number of 770 trees, classified in 23 species within 17 families. Ibadan Polo Club had a total number of 97 trees, 20 species and 15 families were represented. Ibadan Golf Club had a total number of 915 trees, 31 species and 9 families. Fabaceae family had the highest occurrence in Ibadan Recreation Club, National Museum of Unity, Ibadan Golf Club and Ibadan Polo Club, while Verbenaceae was more represented in Agodi Gardens. The study has shown the high occurrence of invasive species in tropical environment based on their regeneration potential. Data collected on total number of tree species, frequency of occurrence and families were subjected to descriptive analysis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information. These centers serve as ex-situ urban centers/parks that still maintain and conserve various tree species and are important resources for social, economic and educational use. Biodiversity indices were also analyzed and it can be concluded that the type of organization and the main activity of the centers strongly influence the species diversity. The trend of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') showed that Ibadan Polo Club was the most diverse. Despite the higher number of individual trees encountered in NMUI, the H' value was very low, indicating the dominance of a few tree species within the area. From EH values obtained in the study, it can be concluded that trees species are most evenly distributed in IPC, followed by IRC, AG, IGC and lastly by NUMI.
Evaluation of three plant species to control black scurf disease of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.)
Authors: ADEBOLA Matthew O. , BELLO Tunde S. , SERIKI Esther A. , AREMU Mariam B.
Published: March 2020

Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important worldwide food crop and one of the most popular in Nigeria. Its abundance and successful yield have been immensely affected by black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Harnessing a cost-effective management of this pathogenic fungus, three botanical species Acalypha wilkesiana, Moringa oleifera and Carica papaya leaves, each at concentrations of 0 mg ml-1 (control), 25 mg ml-1, 50 mg ml-1 and 75 mg ml-1 were evaluated in vitro. The plant leaf extracts were prepared using methanol and were evaluated for their toxicity using agar well diffusion method. The fungus was isolated from spoilt Irish potato with black scurf symptoms. The results showed the presence of some phytochemicals in leaf extract of each of the plants tested. The three leaves extract independently inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani. The potency of all the plant extracts increased with the increase in concentration. The highest concentration (75 mg ml-1) of M. oleifera and C. papaya evaluated, gave the highest inhibitory effect of 0.81 mm and 1.63 mm respectively, which were not significantly different (p> 0.05), but was obviously different from A. wilkesiana (2.81 mm). Furthermore, M. oleifera extract gave the highest percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus in all grades of the concentrations evaluated, whereas A. wilkesiana showed the least. The leaves of the three species are therefore recommended for in vivo control of this fungus, owing to their proven efficacy and to their cheap availability.
Challenges of municipal planning from the perspective of nurse managers
Authors: Reuter Camila Luana Oliveira , Maciel Paola Panazzolo , Santos Vilma Constancia Fioravante dos , Riquinho Deise Lisboa , Ramos Adriana Roese
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the municipal planning developed by nurses coordinating Primary Health Care, aimed at coping with Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, from the perspective of the Situational Strategic Planning. Methods: a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach developed in municipalities of a Health Region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the Primary Health Care coordination of the municipalities of the empirical area, between 2014 and 2015. Content analysis was the thematic and the theoretical perspective of strategic analysis. Results: in the development of municipal planning regarding care for chronic illness, the study highlighted fragilities, which are a challenge for management. The Regional Municipal Planning is a tool that contributes to the articulation between actors involved in the organization of the health system. Final considerations: strategic insertion of Nursing in the field of Health prompts the debate about the role of this professional in the management of SUS.
Best Safety Practices in nursing care in Neonatal Intensive Therapy
Authors: Duarte Sabrina da Costa Machado , Azevedo Sílvia Schoenau de , Muinck Gabrielle da Costa de , Costa Tainara Ferreira da , Cardoso Maria Manuela Vila Nova , Moraes Juliana Rezende Montenegro Medeiros de
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the perception of nursing professionals on human errors in nursing care at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to assess Best Practices strategies proposed by these professionals for patient safety in nursing care. Methods: this is a quantitative-qualitative, descriptive study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Participants: 22 nursing professionals. Data collection was performed through interviews and sent to the thematic analysis. Results: human errors in nursing care, such as wasted catheters; errors in the medication process; causes for error in nursing care, with a focus on work overload; Best Practices for patient safety in nursing care, such as professional training and improved working conditions. Conclusions: it is of utmost importance to invest in Best Practices strategies for Patient Safety, aimed at consolidating the culture of organizational safety and encouraging an adequate environment to manage errors.
Assessment of safety culture in organ donation
Authors: Knihs Neide da Silva , Cabral Amanda Santos , Magalhães Aline Lima Pestana , Barra Daniela Couto Carvalho , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Silva Olvani Martins da
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the perception of safety culture by health professionals who work with organ and tissue donation. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study developed with 185 health professionals who act directly and indirectly with organ and tissue donation from two hospitals in the South of Brazil. The data collection was performed between January and July 2017 by using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. The analysis took place through descriptive statistics. Results: The mean score of the domains evaluated ranged from 41.6, for Perception of management of the unit, and 80.9 for Job satisfaction. Positive perception of safety culture in this study was evidenced only for Job satisfaction with a score higher than 75. Conclusions: Of the six domains evaluated, only one had a positive score, evidencing the need to elaborate effective strategies for implanting safety culture in these institutions.
Spirituality and meaning of life in nursing education: report of experience in teaching
Authors: Medeiros Angelica Yolanda Bueno Bejarano Vale de , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Rocha Renata Carla Nencetti Pereira , Vallois Elisabete Correa , Leão Diva Cristina Morett Romano
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Objectives: To report the experience in teaching internship in the elective discipline “Spirituality in the Health Field” of the curriculum of the graduation course in Nursing of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Methods: This is a case report with descriptive-reflexive approach of the class “the meaning of life as spiritual care strategy in the nursing practice”. For the elaboration of the discipline, a lesson plan and active methodologies were used. Results: The strategy used for preparation of the class allowed transmitting and constructing knowledge objectively. The reflections disclosed along with students showed the importance of the meaning of life as spiritual care in nursing practices for the health professional and for the act of being cared for. Final considerations: The class was considered a successful experience, as the theme proposed was essential for the theoretical-reflective construction about spirituality and meaning of life as a form of care that transcends technical procedures.
ALTAS HABILIDADES/SUPERDOTAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES BRASILEIROS E PORTUGUESES: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE OS CASOS DA UNESP E DA UMINHO
Authors: MARTINS BÁRBARA AMARAL , CHACON MIGUEL CLAUDIO MORIEL , ALMEIDA LEANDRO DA SILVA
Published: March 2020

RESUMO: Considerando-se a importância dos professores na identificação e estímulo dos estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/SD), propomos investigar e comparar a estrutura e possibilidades da formação docente sobre esta temática no curso de Pedagogia da UNESP, Campus de Marília, no Brasil e o curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica acrescido dos Mestrados em Ensino da UMinho, Campus de Gualtar, em Portugal. Os objetivos específicos são: investigar o conhecimento dos estudantes sobre AH/SD; analisar a relação de projetos de pesquisa e extensão com a formação de professores; verificar o acervo de produções sobre AH/SD dos campi. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e consulta às bases de documentação. A produção e aquisição de materiais bibliográficos, a maneira como o assunto é abordado nas disciplinas e a possibilidade de participar de projetos de pesquisa e extensão tem relação direta com o envolvimento científico dos docentes dos cursos com as AH/SD.
Conidia sporulation of Pyricularia oryzae in segments of wheat plants under six different temperatures
Authors: Kovaleski Marcos , Maciel João Leodato Nunes , Santos Gustavo Bilibio dos , Silva Alieze Nascimento da , Deuner Carolina Cardoso
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Wheat blast is known for developing itself more intensely under relatively high temperature conditions but many aspects related to its epidemiology remain unknown. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sporulative capacity of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum (Pot), the causal agent of wheat blast, in tissues of wheat plants under different temperatures degrees. Wheat plants of the cultivar Anahuac 75, susceptible to blast, were inoculated in the stage of flowering with conidial suspensions (105 conidia/mL) of the Pot isolates Py 12.1.209 and Py 12.1.132. Seven days after the inoculation, plants were cut in the following segments: leaves, stems and rachis (with blast severity ranging from 40 to 60%). Groups of each one of the three plant segments with the lesions were disposed in Petri-dish moist chambers, that were submitted to six different temperature treatments (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 °C). The most appropriate model that related the conidia production with temperature was identified in the evaluations conducted with stems. The established equations allowed identifying that the highest production of conidia of Pot occurs between 24 and 27 °C.
Grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) cultivated in the Cerrado has high content of bioactive compounds and great antioxidant potential
Authors: Xu KaWai , Alves-Santos Aline Medeiros , Dias Tiago , Naves Maria Margareth Veloso
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) is a Brazilian berry native to the Atlantic Rainforest. Information on nutritional and bioactive profiles of the fruit cultivated in the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado) is not available in literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and proximate composition; mineral, total phenolics, total tannins and total carotenoids contents; and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of the dark purple grumixama cultivated in the Cerrado area (Goiás State). Results showed a similar physical and proximate composition to those of grumixama native to the Atlantic Rainforest. However, grumixama from Cerrado presented the highest dietary fiber and magnesium contents. In addition, the Cerrado grumixama showed higher content of total phenolics (with a large amount of tannins), carotenoids and antioxidant capacity than those of grumixama native to the Atlantic Rainforest, cherry, blueberry, and fruits native to the Cerrado. Thus, the consumption of whole fruit (peel, pulp and seed) in healthy diets and its use as an ingredient for functional food products should be encouraged.
Gobernanza de la memoria en la ciudad: análisis crítico de edificaciones coloniales y post coloniales como patrimonio cultural urbano
Authors: Rock María Esperanza , González Andrés Torres
Published: March 2020

Resumen Los procesos de patrimonializacion ponen en valor elementos significativos del pasado de un pueblo, no obstante, su significado muchas veces es subyugado por el crecimiento urbano de las ciudades y sus prácticas de desarrollo las que muchas veces se convierten en políticas de olvido. Este articulo presenta casos de cómo los aparatos gubernamentales que dictaminan las declaratorias de Monumento Histórico son utilizados como banderas de lucha por la identidad local convirtiéndose en soluciones viables y activistas para la detención de mega proyectos de desarrollo en zonas urbanas. Para ello se revisan casos particulares de patrimonialización de dos fuertes coloniales -Nacimiento y Tucapel- con valoración patrimonial pertenecientes a la región del Biobío en Chile, donde estas prácticas de dominio y mercantilización terminan por desdibujar identidades locales y pasan a manos de un discurso en la industria del turismo, descontextualizando y despojando de real sentido de Monumento Histórico. O que surgen como antagonistas de dicho proceso valorado como patrimonio cultural por su componente de identidad local, activando luchas por la defensa de un pasado común, como en el caso de las ciudades industriales de Lota y Tomé, también emplazadas en la región del Biobío.
El modelo latino en las primeras descripciones del Mapudungun: herencia e innovación en el saber lingüístico misionero-colonial
Authors: Cabello Nataly Cancino
Published: March 2020

Resumen En este artículo se describe y explica el empleo del paradigma comparativo en el estudio del mapudungun, lengua que tomó el latín como modelo, por ser una lengua de prestigio y por su sólida tradición gramatical. En particular, se analizan los procedimientos para la elaboración de las obras mapuches, en relación con la lingüística experimental que realizaban los misioneros. Con fines ilustrativos, se recurre a la categoría gramatical ‘nombre’ y se demuestra que, en las primeras descripciones del mapudungun, prevalecieron las explicaciones exógenas, pese a lo cual se manifestaron las particularidades sintácticas y morfológicas de esta lengua.
Estética y hermenéutica de la irrupción festiva: devoción del Niñopa en Xochimilco
Authors: Espinosa María Cristina Ríos
Published: March 2020

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la estetización ritual del Niñopa, celebrada en Xochimilco, México, el 2 de febrero de cada año, desde su instauración por los misioneros franciscanos en el siglo XVI hasta nuestros días, es una manifestación exuberante de resistencia política, de práctica ritual “contrahegemónica”. Esta investigación es pertinente en el campo de la poética-estética y hermenéutica de la liberación, y los estudios de la decolonialidad. La metodología de análisis es multidisciplinaria, se recuperarán algunas de las categorías teóricas de la filosofía de la liberación de Enrique Dussel, las empleadas por Bolívar Echeverría en su filosofía de la cultura y del antropólogo y etnógrafo Félix Báez, para aplicarlas a nuestro objeto de estudio. Se trata de probar dos hipótesis, 1) es un caso de “contrahegemonía ritual” frente al catolicismo institucional y, si es así, sería un error ubicar la devoción del Niñopa como expresión del “catolicismo popular”; 2) es una práctica de “criptoreligiosidad-indoamericana” en el sentido de oculto y prohibido disfrazado de un signo cristiano hegemónico y vencedor, como es la imagen de un santo, así como un fenómeno de mestizaje simbólico de supervivencia identitaria conocido como ethos barroco.
Multiple comparisons of diversity indices invaded by Lantana camara
Authors: Qureshi H. , Anwar T. , Habib N. , Ali Q. , Haider M. Z. , Yasmin S. , Munazir M. , Basit Z. , Waseem M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract Current study assessed the impact of Lantana camara invasion on native plant diversity in Pothohar region of Pakistan. The approach used for study was random samplings and comparisons of diversity indices [number of species (S), abundance (N), species richness (R), evenness (Jꞌ), Shannon diversity index (Hꞌ) and Simpson index of dominance (λ)] with two categorical factors i.e., invaded and non-invaded (control). Control plots harboured by an average of 1.74 more species/10m2. The control category was diverse (Hꞌ=2.56) than invaded category (Hꞌ=1.56). The higher value of species richness in control plots shows heterogeneous nature of communities and vice versa in invaded plots. At multivariate scale, ordination (nMDS) and ANOSIM showed significant magnitude of differences between invaded and control plots at all sites. The decrease in studied diversity indices in invaded over control sites indicated that plant communities become less productive due to Lantana invasion.