bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Maize Residue Mulch Improves the Water Use Efficiency and Yield of the Subsequent Wheat under a Strip Inter‐Cropping System
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Tang Yonglu , Li Chaosu , McHugh Allen David , Liu Miao , Li Ming , Xiong Tao
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Irrigation and straw mulch increased yields and WUE, compared with non‐mulch, especially in dry years.

Enhanced grain yield was largely influenced by changes in WUE, soil water, SPAD and dry matter.

Residue retention in the fallow period conserves soil moisture, delays senescence and improves wheat production.

Seasonal drought is a limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the southwest hill regions of China. During a 4‐yr field experiment conducted in Jianyang, Sichuan Basin, we evaluated the effects of production‐system residue retention on water use, physiological characteristics, and grain yield of winter wheat grown in a relay strip cropping system. Four treatments were used: whole‐period without mulch or irrigation (NM), no mulch plus irrigation at sowing and jointing (NMI); whole‐period mulch without irrigation (WM); and fallow‐period mulch without irrigation (FM). The results were that irrigation and straw mulch increased yields by 0 to ∼42% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 0 to ∼30%, compared with NM, especially in dry years. Improvement in grain yield under residue retention was attributed to increased spike number. Residue retention significantly improved the following crop parameters; tiller numbers, aboveground dry mass accumulation, soil moisture, root length density, and root surface area at critical growth stages, as well as inhibiting leaf chlorophyll loss after anthesis. The FM achieved greater performance on the above parameters than WM. Enhanced grain yield was largely influenced by changes in WUE, gravimetric soil water, SPAD value and dry matter accumulation. In conclusion, residue retention over the fallow period is instrumental in conserving soil moisture, delaying leaf senescence and improving wheat production. This treatment was also the most convenient for farmers.
Nodulation and Yields of Common Bean are Not Affected Either by Fungicides or by the Method of Inoculation
Authors: Cardillo Bruno Ewerton da Silveira , Oliveira Dâmiany Pádua , Soares Bruno Lima , Dias Martins Fábio Aurélio , Rufini Márcia , da Silva Jacqueline Savana , Ferreira Neto Geraldo Gontijo , de Andrade Messias José Bastos , de Souza Moreira Fatima Maria
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Captan and difenoconazole compromise in vitro survival of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899.

In the field, native rhizobia were clearly tolerant to most of the fungicides evaluated.

Among the fungicide treatments assessed in the field, only difenoconazole is potentially damaging.

When difenoconazole treatment is indispensable, in‐furrow inoculation may be the most alternative.

Due to the effects observed in vitro, similar precautions should also be taken with captan in the field.

Though some studies observed negative effects of fungicide seed treatment on yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), few studies have directly evaluated fungicide compatibility with seed inoculation treatments in field conditions. For fungicides that are incompatible, rhizobia inoculation in the planting furrow (in‐furrow inoculation) would permit combined use of both management practices since this would avoid direct contact between the chemical compound and the rhizobia. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of seed fungicide treatment and rhizobia inoculation techniques to improve N derived from rhizobia symbiosis in common bean. A preliminary in vitro experiment evaluated the survival of Rhizobium tropici after contact with fungicides compared with an untreated control. Two field experiments were conducted in a 6 × 4 factorial arrangement involving the same treatments used for the in vitro survival test, as well as four sources of N [two types of liquid inoculation (inoculation on the seed or in‐furrow inoculation), plus two controls without inoculation]. We concluded that captan and difenoconazole fungicides reduced in vitro survival of rhizobia inoculated on the seed. Yield measurements in the field studies indicated that symbiotic nitrogen fixation could replace N fertilization, regardless of the inoculation treatment method and environmental conditions. Difenoconazole is potentially harmful to native bacteria in the field; therefore, in‐furrow inoculation may be recommended when the use of difenoconazole is necessary. Moreover, based on the harmful effects observed in vitro, precautions similar to the use of difenoconazole should also be taken when using captan fungicide in field conditions.
World Potassium Use Efficiency in Cereal Crops
Authors: Dhillon J. S. , Eickhoff E. M. , Mullen R. W. , Raun W. R.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Potassium use efficiency in cereals is unknown.

World demand for potassium in agriculture is increasing.

Potassium is a non‐renewable resource.

Worldwide potassium (K) fertilizer use has grown, while the expected fertilizer use efficiency has decreased. The objective of this paper was to estimate potassium use efficiency (KUE) for cereal crops and report on methods that will most likely lead to improved KUE. World KUE was calculated using the total area under cereal production, total cereal grain production, percent K content in cereal grains and K fertilizer consumed from 1961 to 2015. All data was obtained from FAOSTAT except percent K grain content, which was acquired from the USDA. The reported KUE estimate included assumptions established in prior literature. The percent K coming from the soil was estimated at 71%, while previous year K fertilizer‐residual‐effects were offset by knowing that similar amounts of fertilizer K will be applied in following years. At current consumption rates, existing K reserves as K20 are estimated to last 100 yr meaning that mining operations will need to expand to meet expected market demands. Results showed that cereal production increased by a factor of 3.2 from 1961 to 2015 and that was accompanied by a threefold increase in fertilizer K consumed. Estimated KUE from 1961 to 2015 for world cereal crops using the difference method was 19%. Combined with findings from this paper, estimates of N, P, and K use efficiency for cereal production in the world stand at 33, 16, and 19%, respectively.
Integrated Management of Pig Residues and Copper Mine Tailings for Aided Phytostabilization
Authors: Gandarillas Mónica , España Helena , Gardeweg Rosario , Bas Fernando , Arellano Eduardo C. , Brown Sally , Ginocchio Rosanna
Published: February 2019

There is high demand for identifying socio‐environmentally sound ways to dispose of large quantities of offensive odor‐generating organic residues produced by intensive livestock farming. The use of these residues as amendments at large‐scale mine tailings storage facilities for in situ plant‐based reclamation may be a useful alternative. We performed a greenhouse assay to evaluate effectiveness of pig slurries and the solid organic fraction of aerobic‐aerated pig slurries, both treated and not treated for odor emission, as amendments for copper tailings. Different doses of slurries or the solid organic fraction of the slurries, untreated and treated with either ozone or a commercial product used to manage strong odors (Just a Drop), were incorporated into tailings and stabilized (15 d) under greenhouse conditions. Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) was used as bioindicator for Cu and Zn toxicity. Plant performance (shoot and root dry biomass, Cu and Zn content in leaves) and general physicochemical characteristics of substrates were evaluated. Our results showed that odor management of pig residues was possible with commercial products, and their incorporation into tailings rapidly and effectively reduced odor emission. The solid organic fraction of the slurries neutralized acidic tailings, and both pig residues increased organic matter and nutrient content in tailings while reducing extractable Cu. As a result, ryegrass productivity was significantly improved by incorporation of either slurries or their solid organic fraction into tailings in a dose‐dependent form. Foliar Cu content in ryegrass was not affected but foliar Zn content increased; however, Zn remained within acceptable ranges. Both the pig slurries and their soil organic fractions proved to be valuable residues for tailings reclamation.

Core Ideas

Alternative disposal of pig slurries and pig sludges is needed.

Using pig residues as amendment for mine tailings reclamation is an effective disposal option.

Both pig residues are valuable organic amendments for sulfide copper tailings reclamation.

Ryegrass productivity is stimulated (dose‐dependent form) in pig residue‐amended tailings.

Incorporating pig slurries and pig sludges into tailings reduces their odor emission.
Diversifying Economic Practices in Meal Sharing and Community Gardening
Authors: Veen Esther J. , Dagevos Marianne
Published: February 2019

This article aims to contribute to the diverse economies program of Gibson‐Graham. By studying the economic activities of participants of two Dutch food initiatives, we make diverse economic practices visible. Semi‐structured interviews were our main research method. Our analysis shows alternative, nonmarket, and noncapitalist elements, displaying inventiveness, creativity, and ease to cross borders between mainstream and alternative economic options. We explored the microscale reality of creating alternatives, focusing on how participants explore economic spaces and shape these. We demonstrate that people diversify their economic practices so as to better fit these into their daily lives. Especially the crossing of the public–private divide makes space for these alternative economic practices. Hence, respondents aim to expand their “repertoires of action”, looking to engage in activities that are useful, challenging, and enjoyable, and that enable the inclusion of ethical and pragmatic values. However, while rewarding, these alternative economic practices are also insecure and precarious. We suggest that rather than assessing diverse economic practices on their effects of ending the dominance of mainstream capitalist economies, they should be evaluated regarding the way in and degree to which they enable an expansion of repertoires of economic action.
Adaptability and Stability of Cotton Genotypes Regarding Fiber Yield and Quality Traits
Authors: Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Farias Francisco José Correia , de Carvalho Luiz Paulo , Ribeiro Larissa Pereira , Nascimento Moysés , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Cruz Cosme Damião , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: February 2019

The performance of textile processes and the quality of the products depends on the several cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality traits, such as micronaire index, fiber length, and fiber strength. This research aims to recommend cotton genotypes for the Brazilian Cerrado based on fiber yield and fiber quality traits. Nineteen cotton cultivar variety trials were performed in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 crop seasons. Each trial was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and four replications. The evaluated traits were fiber yield, fiber length, fiber strength, and micronaire. For each trait, a modified Lin and Binns method was used to recommend the best genotypes for all environments (favorable and unfavorable). This method was also used in a multivariate manner, aiming at a general recommendation of genotypes based on the multiple traits evaluated. The genotype × environment interaction was significant for all evaluated traits. Genotypes with high adaptability and stability were identified for each trait. The multivariate method identified IMA 08 WS and BRS 335 as the genotypes that had the best combination of main desirable traits. The analysis further revealed that new crosses could be performed between genotypes with high yield adaptability and stability and genotypes with adequate fiber quality traits.
Grinding Methods Influence Nutrient Analysis of Bahiagrass and St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Maia Lucas O. R. , Shaddox Travis W.
Published: February 2019

Particle reduction is a necessary step during turfgrass tissue analysis and may result in contamination of the sample with one or more elements. Metals such as W or Zr may reduce contamination because the metals are void of any plant essential elements. The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient content of turfgrass tissue submitted to eight grinding methods. Leaf tissue from bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) and ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] was collected and ground using one of the following eight methods: unground, Wiley mill, Cyclone mill, alumina beads, ceramic beads, stainless steel beads, tungsten carbide beads, and zirconium oxide beads. Tissue was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn. Each method influenced turfgrass nutrient analysis by increasing, and in some cases decreasing, the concentration of one or more elements compared with unground tissue. Alumina and ceramic beads resulted in a decreased concentration of most elements, whereas the Wiley mill and tungsten beads resulted in an increase in N and Cu, and N and Mn, respectively. Grinding methods did not influence the concentration of P, K, S, Mn, or Na in bahiagrass but did alter their concentration in St. Augustinegrass. To minimize inaccurate analysis, the grinding method must account for additions or subtractions of elements resulting from the turfgrass species and the element analyzed.
The role of the civil service in the industrialization of Nigeria
Authors: Onyema Chiemeka
Published: February 2019

The goal of berthing Nigeria's full-scale industrial revolution is yet to be achieved. All the industrial development plans have so far failed to accelerate the nation's industrialization, hence the country's low industrial base which has kept her in the league of developing nations. In fact, Nigeria has in recent times been experiencing deindustrialization, as several industries have collapsed and some others, such as Unilever and Michelin, have relocated to other countries. Several factors are responsible for Nigeria's low industrial development and they include: inadequate infrastructure (particularly, energy), poor technological base, multiple taxes and levies, and, the shortage and high cost of foreign exchange. Despite a growing body of literature on industrialization in Nigeria, not much has been written about the link between Public Service Reforms and industrialization in Nigeria. This paper examines the link between the implementation of Service Compact (Servicom) Charter and the achievement of Nigeria's industrial development policies, especially the 'Ease of Doing Business' Policy. The paper makes the case that the goal of industrializing Nigeria will not be possible without an efficient Public Service. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for Nigerian public servants to have the right work attitude, and to be morally upright and patriotic, in order to create a business-friendly environment and to build investor confidence, so as to facilitate and accelerate the country's industrialization and overall national development. The author recommends that the Nigerian government should strengthen the implementation of the Servicom charter and also incorporate the charter into the industrialization plan.
Métodos físicos e químicos para o tratamento de efluentes
Authors: Ferrazzo Suéllen Tonatto , Ferasso Débora , Marangoni Marluci , Santos Mateus Velho dos , Paris Junior Orlando de , Gaspareto Taís Carla , Vargas Gean Delise Leal Pasquali
Published: February 2019

A busca por processos de tratamento de efluentes que sejam eficientes e garantam a segurança à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente tem sido um grande desafio nas últimas décadas, devido à presença de microrganismos persistentes e micropoluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos que resistem aos tratamentos convencionais. Assim, as tecnologias alternativas de tratamento de efluentes vêm sendo aplicadas em associação aos tratamentos primários e secundários, para alcançar maiores reduções da carga de poluentes, utilizando menor espaço físico e consumo de energia elétrica, bem como menor produção de lodo. Neste trabalho, buscou-se realizar um estudo da arte através de uma revisão dos métodos físicos e químicos para o tratamento de efluentes: membranas de filtração, eletrocoagulação, adsorção, troca iônica, processos oxidativos avançados, ozonização e precipitação química, considerando o princípio de funcionamento suas vantagens, desvantagens e aplicações de cada técnica.
Impactos socioambientais provenientes do esgotamento sanitário a céu aberto
Authors: Teixeira Maria Dilma Souza , Bento Isla Adriana Barbosa , Carvalho Layane Santos de , Carvalho Marta Cristina Silva
Published: February 2019

A atual situação caótica referente ao acesso aos serviços de saneamento básico de qualidade, especialmente o esgotamento sanitário, bem como os expressivos impactos socioambientais oriundos dessa situação, geram um cenário de decréscimo na qualidade de vida das populações humanas. O presente estudo teve como desígnio analisar os impactos socioambientais provenientes do esgotamento sanitário a céu aberto, além de buscar discutir as consequências desse sistema para a salubridade ambiental. A pesquisa foi elaborada com base nos preceitos de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa a partir de uma revisão sistemática da bibliografia, na qual o levantamento de artigos foi realizado por meio de bancos de dados. Foram utilizados alguns critérios de seleção/exclusão dos trabalhos, totalizando, ao final, 21 artigos. Após a seleção, realizou-se uma leitura criteriosa dos artigos para, então, efetuar-se a coleta de dados. A partir dos dados selecionados, verificou-se que, em média, houve 12.068 mortes/ano relacionadas com a ineficiência do saneamento básico. Além disso, os dados indicaram que 2,35% das internações por amebíase, cólera, febre tifóide e outras doenças de veiculação hídrica no País foram causadas principalmente pela ausência/ineficiência do esgotamento sanitário. Constatou-se ainda que os indivíduos residentes em zonais rurais representam 80% das pessoas que ainda fazem uso de fontes inadequadas de água e 90% das que não têm acesso a banheiros apropriados, configurando o grupo de pessoas menos favorecidas economicamente. Acredita-se, portanto, ser necessária uma sensibilização da população para com os riscos oferecidos pela ausência de esgotamento sanitário, assim como para os seus direitos como cidadãos e as obrigações do poder público com relação à universalização do acesso a tais serviços.
Comparação entre o Método Trecho-a-Trecho e o Método de Múltiplas Saídas no dimensionamento de uma linha lateral de um sistema de irrigação por aspersão
Authors: Miranda Eugenio Paceli de , Rosal Gilbenes Bezerra
Published: February 2019

O dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação é imprescindível para o seu bom funcionamento e tem uma relação direta com o consumo de energia elétrica pelo conjunto motobomba. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar o Método de Dimensionamento Trecho-a-Trecho com o método de múltiplas saídas, com a perda de carga contínua determinada pela Equação de Darcy-Weisbach. Foram feitas simulações de dimensionamento utilizando três tipos de aspersores, variando o número de aspersor por lateral e a pressão de serviço. Em todas as simulações o dimensionamento pelo método de múltiplas saídas apresentou valores superiores ao método trecho-a-trecho, a maior diferença entre os dois métodos chegou a 9,69% e a menor diferença foi de 0,15%.
Cultivo de microalgas em meio alternativo e de baixo custo, enriquecido com resíduos de compostagem: uma proposta para melhoria de vida dos pescadores da Paraíba
Authors: Aversari Marcos , Nascimento Brenda Luany Almeida do , Martins Nathália Correia , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de , Bonifácio Kallyne Machado
Published: February 2019

As microalgas são elementos essenciais em diversas aplicações, incluindo a produção de biomassa e o uso como alimento para aquicultura, já que são a base da cadeia alimentar marinha. Tais algas podem ser cultivadas em vários ambientes, desde que contem com a presença do meio de cultivo adequado para seu desenvolvimento. No entanto, meios de cultivo naturais nem sempre estão disponíveis, fazendo necessário o emprego de métodos artificiais para o cultivo. Existem diversos meios de cultivo artificiais disponíveis, porém, nenhum apresenta baixo custo. Esta pesquisa se propõe a elaborar e testar meios de cultivo artificiais para três espécies de microalgas marinhas (Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros sp. e Tetraselmis sp.), sendo estes de baixo custo e produzidos a partir de água marinha artificial e água de descarte de dessalinizador enriquecidas com resíduos de compostagem. Os meios de cultivo propostos foram elaborados, sendo realizados testes e coletados os resultados referentes à evolução das populações das algas. A microalga Isochrysis sp. apresentou os melhores resultados, em meio artificial elaborado a partir de água de descarte de dessalinizador, com uma densidade celular máxima de 108,7 x 10^4 cél/mL atingida no 18º dia de cultivo. Já a Chaetoceros sp. apresentou a maior explosão de crescimento, atingindo o pico de 87 x 10^4 cél/mL no 6º dia de cultivo. Foi, portanto, validada a viabilidade dos meios de cultivo artificiais enriquecidos com extrato de compostagem para o cultivo de microalgas, podendo ser aplicado como alimento em diversas modalidades de aquicultura, como também ser utilizado para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades pesqueiras do Estado da Paraíba
PENGARUH JENIS PEKERJAAN DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SEMARANG TAHUN 2015
Authors: Rokhmadi Rokhmadi
Published: February 2019

This research tries to know the influence of work type and level of education to divorce in Religious Court of Semarang Year 2015. This type of research is field research that is quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative approach, which is to find out the relationship and differences in the variables influence the type of work, and the level of education to the occurrence of divorce in the Semarang Religious Court in 2015. While the qualitative data approach is used as an analysis material from quantitative results. The result of first hypothesis in this research is accepted that society having background of work type non-state civil apparatus will tend to easier to divorce, while people with a background of the type of work as state civil apparatus servants tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation score 6.512 with a significance level of 0.011 smaller than 0.05 (0.011 <0.05). The second hypothesis is accepted that people with with elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, while those with higher education will tend to be better able to control themselves from divorce because the variables not in the equation score of 5,738 with significance level of 0.017 less than 0.05 (0.017 <0.05); and the third hypothesis is also accepted that people with background of non-state civil apparatus and elementary and secondary will tend to be easier to divorce, whereas people with background types of work as State civil apparatus and higher education will tend to be more able to control themselves from divorce, because the variables not in the equation scores are 10.861 with a significance level of 0.004 smaller than 0.05 (0.004 <0.05).
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MELALUI BCM ( BERMAIN, CERITA, BERNYANYI ) DI RA MASYTHOH ANGDONGSILI WONOSOBO
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to find out and describe the application of the BCM method in learning the value of Islamic education in RA Masythoh Andongsili Wonosobo. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection is done using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Data collection is done by digging data sources, namely the Head of RA and RA teacher, as well as direct observation of the process of applying the BCM method in learning the value of Islamic education in RA Masythoh Andongsili Wonosobo. The results of the study showed: 1. The playing method used in learning the value of Islamic education through the game of Children Sholeh, Pat the Pillars of Islam, Pat the Pillars of Faith, and Pat the Angels. As well as guessing images of God's creations that are on earth and in the sky. 2. Method The story used in learning the value of Islamic education is the story of the Noble Traits of the Apostle of Allah, and the story of the Tasks of the Angel Roqib and the Angel of Atid. 3. The singing method used in learning the value of Islamic education is by eating adab songs, songs of Allah Almighty, Little Star songs, Rainbow songs, Kitab Allah songs, Lord Esa songs, and the songs of 10 Angels of Allah.
Gangliyon kisti nedenli nervus suprascapularis sıkışması: Üç farklı olgunun sonuçları ve literatür değerlendirmesi
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Zeki , Bulut Güven , Eceviz Engin , Elmalı Nurzat
Published: February 2019

Posteriyor glenohumeral eklemdeki gangliyon kistinin supraskapular sinire basısı nadiren karşılaşılan bir omuz ağrısı nedenidir. Bu çalışmada supraskapular sinir sıkışmasına neden olan gangliyon kistlerine yönelik farklı tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanabilirliğini ilgili literatür ışığında tartışmayı amaçladık. Manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntülemede travma öyküsü olmayan ve omuz ağrısından yakınan üç hastada sağ glenohumeral eklem arkasında gangliyon kisti görünümü ile uyumlu kistik yapı gözlemledik. Glenohumeral eklemde ağrı ve güçsüzlüğe neden olan gangliyon kistleri için literatürde konservatif ve cerrahi tedavi yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Medikal tedaviye yanıtsız hastalarda supraskapular sinirin dekompresyonu için kist nedeninin artroskopik tamirinin veya ortadan kaldırılmasının başarılı sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir. Artroskopik teknik daha az morbidite görülmesi, fonksiyonların daha hızlı düzelmesi, eklem içi patolojilerin daha kolay tespit ve tedavi edilebilmesi nedeniyle açık cerrahiye göre daha avantajlıdır.
Prenatal Tarama ve Teşhis Prosedürlerinin Gebe Kadınlar, Engelliler ve Toplum Üzerindeki Olası Etkilerine Dair Normatif Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BARIŞ Maide , İLKILIÇ İlhan
Published: February 2019

Prenatal tarama ve teşhis prosedürleri fetüsün sağlığı ile ilgili in utero bilgi edinmeyi amaçlayan ve sağlayan uygulamalardır. Bu prosedürler kimi zaman gebe kadın, kimi zaman da toplum için yararlı oldukları argümanıyla savunulmakta ve desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada prenatal testlerin kadınlar, engelliler ve toplum üzerindeki olası etkilerine dair normatif bir analiz sunulacak, ardından bunların kimin yararına ya da kimin hakkı olarak uygulandığı sorusuna cevap aranacaktır.
Mülteci ve Yerleşik Ergenlerde Depresyona Yatkınlık ve Algılanan Sosyal Destek Düzeyleri
Authors: ATAÇ Ömer , AKBAY Hilal , DOBRAL Arzu , DEMİR Sena , ATEŞ Büşra Sultan , AHMEDZAİ Sayfullah , HAYRAN Osman
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, İstanbul ili Bağcılar ilçesindeki ortaokul ve
liselerde okuyan yerleşik ve mülteci öğrenciler arasında depresyona yatkınlığın
belirlenmesi ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla
yapılmış kesitsel bir araştırmadır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza bir ortaokul, iki lise ve bir
geçici eğitim merkezinde eğitim görmekte olan toplam 563 öğrenci (277 yerleşik
ve 286 mülteci) dahil edilmiştir. Bu öğrencilere Çocuklar İçin Depresyon Ölçeği
(ÇDÖ) ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ÇBASDÖ) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Mülteci ve yerleşik öğrenciler depresif belirti varlığı
açısından karşılaştırıldığında, mültecilerin %30.4’ünde yerleşiklerin ise
%17.3’ünde depresif belirtiler tespit edilmiş ve aradaki fark önemli
bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Mülteci grupta depresif belirti varlığı cinsiyetlere
göre karşılaştırıldığında erkeklerin %38.9’u kadınların %25.3’ü belirtilere
sahiptir (p= 0.015). İki grup arasında ÇBASDÖ ortalamasında istatistiksel
açıdan önemli bir fark saptanmamıştır. (p=0.073) Mültecilerin eğitim gördüğü
okul türüne göre ÇDÖ sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında. MEB okullarında okuyan
mülteci öğrencilerin %19.5’i, GEM’de okuyan öğrencilerin ise %34.1’i depresif
belirtilere sahiptir ve aradaki fark istatistiki açıdan önemlidir (p=0.019).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda mülteci öğrencilerde depresif belirti
varlığı yerleşiklere göre önemli düzeyde yüksek çıkmıştır. İki grup arasında
ÇBASDÖ düzeyleri açısından önemli bir farklılık bulunmamakla beraber. ÇBASDÖ
alt gruplarından aile ve arkadaş ortalamaları açısından iki grup arasında
önemli bir farklılık mevcuttur. Bu ortalamalar yerleşik öğrencilerde daha
yüksek bulunmuştur.
İntravitreal Enjeksiyon İğnesi Çapının Göz İçi Basıncına Etkisi
Authors: COŞKUN Mehmet
Published: February 2019

Amaç: İntravitreal enjeksiyon yapılan hastalarda enjeksiyon iğnesi çapının göz içi basıncına etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Diyabetik retinopati ve makula ödemi nedeniyle intravitreal aflibersept (IVA) enjeksiyonu uygulanan 107 hastanın 107 gözü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yirmi altı gauge (G) iğne kullanılan 52 hastanın 52 gözü Grup 1 olarak, 30 G iğne kullanılan 55 hastanın 55 gözü Grup 2 olarak değerlendirildi. Göz içi basıncı (GİB) blefarosta takılmadan önce (ÖGİB), blefarosta takıldıktan sonra (BGİB) ve enjeksiyon sonrası 1. dakikada (EGİB) ölçüldü.Bulgular: Grup 1’de 25 erkek, 27 kadın, Grup 2’de 26 erkek, 29 kadın hasta mevcuttu (p=0,93). Yaş ortalaması Grup 1’de 56,40±7,62 yıl, Grup 2’de 56,58±6,91 yıldı (p=0,90). Ortalama ÖGİB ve BGİB sırasıyla Grup 1’de 18,56±3,91 mmHg ve 21,94±4,27 mmHg, Grup 2’de 18,10±3,80 mmHg ve 20,63±4,91 mmHg idi; aradaki farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (sırasıyla, p=0,63 ve p=0,14). Ortalama EGİB değerleri ise Grup 1’de 34,84±16,46 mmHg, Grup 2’de 47,05±10,02 mmHg olup aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0,001). EGİB–BGİB fark ortalaması Grup 1’de 12,86±17,63, Grup 2’de 25,87±9,95 idi (p=0,001). EGİB–ÖGİB fark değerleri ortalaması ise Grup 1’de 15,80±16,65, Grup 2’de 28,25±10,09 olarak tespit edildi (p=0,001) (Tablo 1).Tartışma ve Sonuç: Demografik benzerlikleri olan ve aynı intravitreal ilaçlar uygulanan hastalarda enjeksiyonun 26 G iğne ile uygulanmasının 30 G iğne ile uygulanmasına göre daha az göz içi basıncı değişimi yaptığı görülmüştür.
Tip 2 Diyabette Koroner Arter Hastalığı Varlığı Serebrovasküler Hastalık İçin Bir Risk Faktörü müdür?
Authors: Şenyiğit Abdulhalim
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, koroner arter hastalığı olan tip 2 diyabetik hastalar ile nefropatisi olan tip
2 diyabetik hastaları ana karotis intima–media kalınlığı açısından karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya koroner arter hastalığı olan tip 2 diyabetik hastalar (n=36) ve koroner
arter hastalığı olmayan, nefropati ile komplike tip 2 diyabetik hastalar (n=31) alındı. Sağ ve
sol ana karotis arter intima–media kalınlığı B-mod ultrasonografi ile değerlendirildi. Hastalarda
kardiyovasküler hastalık açısından diğer geleneksel risk faktörleri de değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Koroner arter hastalığının eşlik ettiği diyabet hastalarında hem sağ hem de sol ana
karotis arter intima–media kalınlığı, sadece nefropatinin eşlik ettiği diyabet hastalarına göre anlamlı
derecede fazla bulundu (sağ ana karotis için 0,99 mm’ye 0,82 mm, sol ana karotis için 1,07
mm’ye 0,92 mm; her ikisi için de p<0,05). Hastalarda aterosklerotik diğer kardiyovasküler risk
faktörleri (LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, sistolik ve diyastolik kan kan basıncı, diyabet yaşı) iki
grup arasında benzerdi (hepsi için p>0,05).
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Koroner arter hastalığı varlığı tip 2 diyabette eşlik eden serebrovasküler
hastalık için önemli bir göstergedir
Istranca Meşesinin (Quercus hartwissiana Steven) Nozokomiyal Patojenlere Karşı Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi
Authors: AKKUŞ Adem , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , KILINÇEL Özge , DÜLGER Görkem
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Son zamanlarda antibiyotiklerin bilinçsiz kullanımı ile patojen
mikroorganizmaların direnç kazanması, yeni antibiyotik arayışlarına neden
olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ıstranca meşesi (Quercus hartwıssıana Steven)
kabuğu ekstraktlarının, bakteriyel ve fungal patojenlere karşı antimikrobiyal
aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:
 Istranca meşesinin, etanol, formaldehit,
aseton, etil asetat ve metanol çözücüleri ile ekstraksiyonu
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu ekstraktlardan 50µl alınarak steril disklere emdirildikten
sonra ekstraktlarda bulunan çözücülerin sonucu etkilememesi amacıyla diskler 24
saat steril ortamda kurutulmuştur. Disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Salmonella spp., metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), metisilin duyarlı
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata ve Candida
tropicalis türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite araştırılmıştırBulgular: Çalışmada,
etanolle hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını Enterococcus spp.(8
mm) ve S. epidermidis (8 mm) suşlarında; formaldehit ve etil
asetatla hazırlanan ekstraktların en geniş zon çapını E. coli suşunda
(16 mm, 28 mm); asetonla hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını Enterococcus
spp. suşunda (21 mm); metanolle hazırlanan ekstraktın ise en geniş zon
çapını MSSA suşunda (28 mm) oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Mayalarda ise, etanolle
hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını C. glabrata suşunda (12
mm); formaldehitle hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını C.
albicans (28 mm) ve C. tropicalis (28 mm) suşlarında; aseton, etil asetat ve metanolle
hazırlanan ekstraktların en geniş zon çapını C. albicans suşunda(19
mm, 30 mm, 22 mm) oluşturduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç::
Istranca meşesinin etil asetat ile elde edilen ekstraktının diğer
çözücülerle elde edilen ekstraktlara oranla, çalışmaya alınan suşlarda daha
geniş duyarlılık zon çapı oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca en geniş zon çapını E.coli,
S.aureus ve C.albicans türlerinde oluşturduğundan,
ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen ıstranca meşesinin inhibe edici etkisine yönelik
in vivo antimikrobiyal çalışmalar yapılmasının önemli olduğu
düşünülmüştür.
Can Long-term Antifungal Therapy Be an Alternative to Surgery in Pulmonary Aspergilloma?
Authors: KARA H.volkan , ERSEN Ezel , ISCAN Mehlika , SARBAY İsmail , EKİNCİ Merve , TURNA Akif
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary aspergilloma is one of the clinical conditions with high mortality and morbidity
in immunosuppressed patients. Surgical resection has been the leading treatment option;
however, surgical treatment involves some risk of local and systemic dissemination and
there are also patients who are functionally inappropriate to be treated surgically. In this
paper, we present two patients with bilateral PA who underwent surgical and antifungal
treatment. Antifungal therapy with voriconazole that was successful for both of our patients
might be a promising approach to a group of PA patients who are not appropriate
for surgery
Our Therapeutic Approach to Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors: BADEMLER Süleyman , UCUNCU Muhammed Zubeyr
Published: February 2019

Aim: Granulomatous mastitis is a rare disease of the breast. Initial findings during admission can be mistaken for breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to present our experience with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). Materials and Methods: Patients who had been treated and followed up after a diagnosis of GM at the surgical clinic of the Istanbul University Institute of Oncology between 2007 and 2017 were categorized into two groups: those who had received steroid treatment only (Group 1), and those who had received steroids in combination with surgical treatment (Group 2). The groups were compared in terms of clinical and demographic characteristics and recurrence rates. Results: We included a total of seventy-nine patients in our study. The mean patient age was 36.41±6.93 years and the mean follow-up 57.34±20.39 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age, age at menarche, maternal age at first delivery, and the side involved (right, left, bilateral). The disease had recurred in 19 patients in Group 1 while no recurrence had been observed in Group 2 (p=0.001).Discussion and Conclusion: IGM is a disease that is rare but easily mistakable for breast cancer. The diagnosis necessitates confirmation through a biopsy. Steroid therapy combined with surgery can be the first choice in the treatment of this disease, on which no consensus has yet been reached. Such combination is capable of reducing recurrence rates.
Jüvenil İdiyopatik Artritli Hastalarda Pubertal Gelişim
Authors: KARATOPRAK Elif , ERGÜVEN Müferet
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Kronik hastalıklarda puberte gelişiminin olumsuz etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada çocukluk çağının en yaygın kronik romatolojik hastalığı olan jüvenil idiyopatik artritin (JİA) puberte gelişimine olan etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza International League of Associations for Rheumatology tanı kriterlerine göre JİA tanısı almış 72 (42 kız, 30 erkek) çocuk dahil edildi. Pubertal gelişim Tanner–Marshall metoduyla değerlendirildi. Kızlarda göğüs gelişimi (telarş evre 1–5), erkeklerde testis hacmi (genital evre 1–5) değerlendirildi. Hastaların Tanner evreleri sağlıklı Türk çocuklarının önceden bildirilmiş pubertal gelişim ortalamaları ile karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 13,8±3,3 yıl idi. JİA’lı kızlarda puberte başlangıç yaşı 10,87±1,22, menarş yaşı ise 12,83±1,05 yıl olarak saptandı. Kızların puberte başlangıç ve menarş yaşı sağlıklı Türk kızlarınınkinden (p=0,07) ve menarş yaşı kendi annelerinin menarş yaşından (p=0,66) farklı değildi; fakat pubertenin tamamlanmasının geciktiği saptandı (p=0,001). Erkek çocuklarda ise puberte başlangıç yaşı 13,8±2,2 yıl idi ve pubertenin başlamasının ve tamamlanmasının geciktiği tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,001; p=0,003). Tüm hastalarda geç puberte oranı %4,1 olarak saptandı.Tartışma ve Sonuç: JİA’lı kızlarda puberte başlangıç yaşı ve menarş yaşı etkilenmemekle birlikte pubertenin tamamlanmasının geciktiği, JİA’lı erkek çocuklarda ise hem puberte başlangıcının geciktiği hem de pubertenin tamamlanma süresinin uzadığı saptanmıştır.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: DAVARCI İsmail , ŞENBAYRAK Seniha , AKSARAY Sebahat , KOÇOĞLU Mücahide Esra , KUŞKUCU Mert Ahmet , SAMASTI Mustafa
Published: February 2019

AimCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection has become an important clinical problem with reduced therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the carbapenem resistance rates and responsible resistance genes in K. pneumoniae isolates derived from clinical samples collected in Istanbul.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included a total of 1452 K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to our hospital between July 2013 and July 2014. VITEK-2 (bioMérieux, MarcyI’Ѐtoile, France) was used for microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The carbapenem-resistant isolates identified by VITEK-2 were also found to be resistant to ertapenem by the ertapenem gradient test. Resistance mechanisms of the carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using real time-polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf the 1452 K. pneumoniae isolates, 45 (3.1%) were carbapenem-resistant. Of these, 32 (71.1%) were blaOXA-48-positive, 9 (20%) blaNDM-positive, and 1 (2.2%) blaVIM-1-positive. None had the genes blaKPC and blaIMP-1. The greatest susceptibility by the isolated carbapenemase-producing K.pneu moniae was shown to the antimicrobials amikacin and gentamicin.Discussion and ConclusionIn our hospital, there are several mechanisms causing carbapenem resistance, and the blaOXA-48 positivity rate of 71.1% is significant. This resistance may spread rapidly and, through enzymatic resistance gene transfer, lead to hospital epidemics difficult to manage. For this reason, accurate and rapid laboratory diagnosis is important in infection control. For faster results, molecular methods, as well as phenotypic methods, must be included in the hospital infrastructure
An Investigation of Lung Mast Cell Behavior in a Rat Model of Migraine: Implications for Migraine Headache
Authors: KILINÇ Erkan , BALCI Cemre Nur
Published: February 2019

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of lung mast cells in migraine by using a
nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Each treatment
being performed intraperitoneally, the NS group received 0.2 ml normal saline, the NTG group 10 mg/kg
nitroglycerin, the NTG vehicle group 0.2 ml 0.1% ethanol in normal saline, the L-NAME+NTG group 50
mg/kg L-NAME + nitroglycerin, and the NS+NTG group normal saline + nitroglycerin. Two hours after the
nitroglycerin and other treatments, the rats under anesthesia were intracardially perfused with a solution
of 150 ml 4% paraformaldehyde. The lungs were harvested and stained with toluidine blue to observe
mast cells. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA.
Results: Nitroglycerin increased significantly both number (from 94±3.8 to 131±6.7, p=0.0035) and percent
of degranulation (from 11.8±1.3% to 35.5±5.7%, p=0.003) of lung mast cells. However, L-NAME
prevented the effects of nitroglycerin on the number and degranulation of lung mast cells, attenuating
the increase in both number (from 136±5.1 to 93±2.5, p=0.0011) and degranulation percentage of lung
mast cells (from 37.3±1.0% to 13.6±3.1%, p=0.001) induced by nitroglycerin.
Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that nitroglycerin treatment leads to an increase
in the number and degranulation of lung mast cells in a rat model of migraine induced by nitroglycerin.
Moreover, L-NAME prevented these effects, suggesting that nitric oxide released from nitroglycerin directly
or indirectly leads to the activation of lung mast cells. The results obtained in the current study can
pioneer new research on the role of lung mast cells in migraine.
Karyomapping in Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Patients with Beta-thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: COSKUN Serdar
Published: February 2019

Aim Preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT) has been introduced to prevent the transmission of inherited diseases to
the offspring.  Karyomapping is a
universal linkage-based test that has been recently introduced to PGT in the
clinical practice.  It utilizes single
nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of individual parents along with a known
disease reference from a family member for identification of the parental
origin of chromosomes and the disease status of the embryos being tested. The
objectives of this study were to first validate Karyomapping technique on
previously known beta globin (HBB) test sample results and then establish as a
sole PGT method for HBB mutation identification in the future. 

Materials and Methods First, Karyomapping
protocol was validated on a total of 30 samples with HBB mutation identified by
conventional PGT techniques.  Then,
Karyomapping was used on 31 samples as the sole technique to identify HBB
mutation status. 

ResultsWe found a high concordance (97%) between the Karyomapping
and conventional PGT results.  For five
PGT cycles for HBB mutations and direct Karyomapping PGT four unaffected and
chromosomal normal embryos were transferred resulting two pregnancies.

Conclusion: Karyomapping
technique can reliably detect HBB mutation in clinical cases without a prior test
development in the clinical practice and prevents the transfer of aneuploidy
embryos.
Allele-specific Emulsion PCR (asePCR) as a Liquid Biopsy Method for Residual Tumor Detection
Authors: KARAKAS Bedri
Published: February 2019

AimThis study aimed to develop an allele-specific emulsion polymerase chain reaction (asePCR)technique for detection of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood plasma of cancer patients. Materials and MethodsGenomic DNA extracted from normal (wild-type) and thyroid cancer (mutant) cell lines (MCF10A and B-CPAP) were used to obtain specific dilution series (spike-in) of mutant DNA with wild-type DNA. Two sequential PCR steps (regular and asePCR) were performed with specifically designed primers for each step to detect the spiked-in mutant DNA fraction within the wild-type normal DNA. The DNA products amplified by regular PCR were used as templates in the asePCR where specific reverse primers were designed to amplify either the mutant or wild-type allele while a common forward primer was covalently bound to the beads. The asePCR reaction mix was encapsulated in water-in-oil emulsion compartments and incubated in a thermocycler with specific PCR program settings. At the end of asePCR reaction, oil compartments were broken and DNA-coated beads were evaluated by FACS to determine the mutant and wild-type fractions for each sample.ResultsThe asePCR technique successfully detected the mutant DNA in the background of wildtype DNA (0% mutant) as a proof-of-principle. A strong correlation (r2>0.99) was found between the expected mutant fraction and the fraction measured by asePCR. asePCR was sensitive and specific enough to consistently detect various low mutant DNA fractions in the background of wild-type DNA with no false positives in the wild-type sample.Discussion and Conclusion Our asePCR can be used to detect mutant ctDNA in the plasma of cancer patients as a liquid biopsy method for tumor response evaluation and early detection of possible relapses.
İnsizyonel Herni Cerrahisinde Açık ve Laparoskopik Yöntemin Karşılaştırılması: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: ÇELİK Yahya , ERBİL Ozan Andaç
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Hastanemizde insizyonel
herni nedeniyle açık ve laparoskopik onarım yapılan hastaların sonuçlarını
literatür eşliğinde değerlendirmek.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2012-2016 yılları arasında  insizyonel herni  nedeniyle opere  edilen 250 hastanın sonuçları  incelendi. Hastalar laparaskopik yapılanlar
grupI (n:122) , açık yapılan grup II (n:128) olarak ayrıldı. Demografik
özellikleri, ameliyat süresi, yatış süresi, post operatif erken-geç
komplikasyonları ve nüks açısından istatistiksel olarak incelendi.Bulgular:Demografik özelliklerden yaşın açık teknik uygulanan
hastalarda daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi. Perioperatif özellikler ve post
operatif komplikasyonlar açısından açık ve kapalı teknik arasında istatistiksel
açıdan anlamlı fark bulunmadı.Sonuç:

Laparoskopik insizyonel fıtık onarımı, uygun
hastalarda açık teknik kadar güvenli bir şekilde uygulanabilmektedir. Tekniğin
daha standardize edilebilmesi için hala geniş hasta gruplu prospektif kontrollü
çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanaatindeyiz.
CONCEITOS, ARGUMENTOS, ESTRATÉGIAS, MÉTODOS, TÉCNICAS E PROBLEMÁTICAS ENVOLVENDO A IMPLANTAÇÃO DA SINALIZAÇÃO DE ORIENTAÇÃO TURÍSTICA EM SÍTIOS HISTÓRICOS.
Authors: RODRIGUES ANA PAULA , Amorim Emanoel Silva de
Published: February 2019

Esta pesquisa trabalha com a imagem das cidades históricas, mais especificamente, tratou-se de apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os conceitos e argumentos ligados a implantação da sinalização de orientação turísticas em sítios históricos. Apresentando estratégias e métodos com bases em estudos de caso realizados nos projetos de sinalização de orientação turística na ¹Cidade de Olinda (Pernambuco), na ²Cidade do Recife (Pernambuco), nos ³Polos Turísticos Serrano e Agreste/Trairi (Rio Grande do Norte). Além de citar as técnicas e as problemáticas que envolve a implantação deste tipo de infraestruturas em locais históricos tombados pelo IPHAN. O objetivo do trabalho é demonstrar a importância do conhecimento, embasando e justificando através de argumentos a necessidade do investimento nessa tipologia de infraestrutura, além da sua acuidade no processo de preservação dos bens culturais. Por fim, conclui-se que a eficiência desta infraestrutura urbana pode contribuir também para o aumento da permanência do turista no local, e do gasto médio durante sua estadia.