bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Pharmacist and Family Medicine Collaboration for Pre-Visit Planning for Shared Patients Receiving Chronic Care Management Services
Authors: Hoehns James D. , Witry Matthew , McDonald Madison , Kadura Sarah , O’Brien Emily , Nichols Robert , Greenwood Joe , Snyder Jamie , Chavez Raemi , Froyum-Roise Adam
Published: January 2023

Background: Pre-visit planning entails completing necessary tasks prior to clinic appointments. Community pharmacists (CPs) have unique knowledge about patients’ medication use but do not routinely provide drug therapy reviews before clinic visits. Objectives: (1) Create and implement a business partnership between a CP and family medicine clinic (FMC) for CP provision of pre-visit medication reviews, and (2) describe the billing experience for shared patients in the FMC chronic care management (CCM) program. Methods: A prospective 8-month study in one community pharmacy and FMC in Iowa. Eligible patients were enrolled in the clinic CCM program and received their prescriptions at the CP. CPs were granted access to the clinic electronic health record (EHR), performed medication reviews, and recorded drug therapy recommendations (DTRs) in the clinic EHR. FMC physicians reviewed CP DTRs before the patient encounter. Time tracking software in the EHR recorded CP and FMC time performing CCM services. CCM revenue was prorated between parties. FMC physicians completed a survey about their experience. Results: Overall, there were 129 CP reviews performed for 95 patients. These reviews resulted in 169 DTRs and 76% were accepted by the physician. There were 71 CCM claims billed and CCM revenue was $3596 ($1796 FMC, $1800 CP). More than 90% of physicians (N = 11) indicated they reviewed CP DTRs before the patient encounter and agreed they were helpful to their practice. Conclusion: CPs completed pre-visit medication reviews and made accepted medication therapy recommendations. CCM billing provided a mechanism for CPs to receive revenue for their services.
Assessing Pharmacist Interventions at an Outpatient Renal Transplant Clinic Under a Collaborative Pharmacy Practice Agreement
Authors: Chelewski Rachel , Rodriguez Keren , Peter Megan , Zuckerman Autumn
Published: January 2023

Background: Collaborative pharmacist practice agreements (CPPAs) advance the role of pharmacists by granting prescriptive authority without direct oversight from participating physicians. Objective: To assess the quantity of prescriptions authorized by pharmacists and frequency and types of interventions performed under a CPPA in an outpatient renal transplant clinic. Practice description: Clinical pharmacists in the outpatient renal transplant clinic began prescribing medications under a CPPA in March 2017. Practice innovation: Under the CPPA, pharmacists perform interventions to improve medication management. After identifying gaps in medication therapy, pharmacists tracked their interventions to improve patient care. Methods: An ambispective cohort study evaluated the number of prescriptions and interventions performed under a CPPA. Patients with a prescription generated by pharmacists between January 2019 through June 2019 were included. Pharmacists prospectively collected the number and types of interventions performed; the number of pharmacist-generated prescriptions was retrospectively collected. Interventions were categorized into three groups: medical record assessments, medication counseling, and resolution of barriers to medication continuation. Results: Pharmacists under a CPPA placed 5793 prescriptions and performed 3852 interventions for 1233 patients. The most common intervention categories were medical record assessments, medication counseling, and resolution of barriers to medication continuation. Conclusion: Pharmacists within a CPPA performed medical record assessments to identify untreated or under treated health conditions, eliminate duplicate therapy, and monitor narrow therapeutic drugs. Expanding pharmacists’ prescriptive authority within the renal transplant clinic is a successful strategy to ensure patients are taking medications correctly and to avoid barriers to medication persistence.
New strategy for the development of lightweight ballistic armors with limited backface signature
Authors: Berrouane Abdelwahed , Derradji Mehdi , Khiari Karim , Amri Bouchra , Mehelli Oussama , Abdous Slimane , Zegaoui Abdeljalil , Ramdani Noureddine , Belgacemi Raouf , Liu Wenbin
Published: January 2023

In this study, a new strategy is adopted for the development of advanced, and lightweight ballistic armor. This new generation of ballistic protections is referred to as “hybrid”, in which certain layers of Kevlar have been impregnated with a high-performance green and bisphenol-A free thermosetting resin, namely the vanillin-based benzoxazine (Va-BZ). The role of thermosetting polymer is to slow down and stop the projectile. In addition, the backface signature (BFS) with a minimum number of Kevlar layers is reduced. Indeed, this kind of matrix not only possesses one of the highest crosslinking densities in the field, but also offers excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The adopted experimental approach consists in gradually changing, in increments of 5, the number of impregnated Kevlar layers. The ultimate goal is to reduce the number of Kevlar layers from 26 (currently in use) to 20 while ensuring a BFS of less than 44 mm (as per the requirement of the National Institute of Justice standard NIJ-0101.06). Indeed, the adopted strategy allowed significant reduction in the BFS. For instance, armors made of 20 layers of Kevlar layers in which 10 layers were impregnated by the Va-BZ displayed the minimal BFS value of 36.54 mm. Hence, by introducing the Va-BZ resin, the non-perforated Kevlar fabrics gained enough rigidity to sustain the impact with minimal deformation. Overall, these newly developed armors offer the best BFS possible to protect vital human body parts.
Modeling and analysis of a variable stiffness nonlinear permanent magnetic spring
Authors: Qu Chuan , Pei Yong-Chen , Xin Qing-Yuan , Luo Meng-Yan , Xu Long , Wang Dong-Xu
Published: January 2023

The magnetic spring is a practical element to isolate external vibration to instruments in ultra-precision manufacturing and ultra-precision testing. Accurate magnetic force and stiffness models are necessary to analyze and optimize the design of magnetic spring isolators. Thus, this study proposes an accurate magnetic force and stiffness model to design and analyze a variable stiffness nonlinear magnetic spring (VSNMS) considering the permanent magnet’s (PM’s) relative permeability, positions, sizes, and magnetic properties. Firstly, the VSNMS’s structure is designed and introduced, and its magnetic force and stiffness models are derived. Secondly, the established model is validated by comparison with the numerical simulation. Thirdly, the VSNMS prototype is fabricated, and then tested through an electronic universal testing machine. The model has the advantage of high accuracy, high efficiency, and ease of use compared with numerical simulations and experimental tests. Furthermore, parametric studies are conducted to learn the effect of PMs’ sizes, positions, and magnetic properties on VSNMS’s magnetic force and stiffness characteristics. Finally, the optimized structural size parameters of VSNMS are obtained using the derived model and the interior-point algorithm. As a result, the established model contributes to the analysis and optimal design of VSNMS, supporting the design of magnetic spring isolators in ultra-precision applications.
Modeling and experiment study of hydraulically damped rubber mount under larger amplitude excitation at low frequency
Authors: Liao Xin , Chen Lin , Wang Hu , Pei Xin
Published: January 2023

To improve the ride comfort of the cab of construction machinery and reduce the harm of vibration to the driver, a nonlinear lumped parameter model of passive hydraulic damping rubber mount (PHDRM) is first proposed. The nonlinearity of multi-inertial tracks is fully considered. Then, the global FE (finite element) fluid-solid coupling model of the isolator is developed in ABAQUS. The multi-field coupling solution and a joint simulation mode are employed in this paper. Meanwhile, the rubber element and inertial track parameters are identified respectively. Finally, multiple sets of dynamic performance experiments are performed on the different PHDRM samples. The experiment results indicate that the simulation results for two modeling methods of the vibration isolation system are consistent with the experimental datum. The modeling approaches have both reliability and accuracy under larger amplitude excitation at low frequency. Furthermore, the effects of different rubber elements and inertial track of PHDRM on low-frequency dynamic characteristics under larger amplitude are investigated and discussed, respectively. The experimental outcomes also provide a practical reference value for nonlinear modeling method research and dynamic performance analysis of PHDRM with complex structures further.
Prevalence of Fisher's theory in mainstream accounting and economic research
Authors: Cardao-Pito Tiago
Published: January 2023

Irving Fisher's capital-income theory uses the discounted cash-flow model to explain prices, markets, and capitalism. How did his theory get into ‘fair-value’ accounting standards given that his framework was discredited in the post-1929 crisis aftermath? This article explores one of the possible causes, namely, the popularity of Fisher's theory in mainstream accounting and economic research albeit its lack of supportive evidence and logical consistency. Nonetheless, its history of ideas is far from straightforward. Although ‘decision-usefulness’ researchers (who inform standard setters) currently endorse Fisher's theory, they have seldom engaged with Fisher's writings. Alongside them, capital-income theorists, normative-theorists and mainstream-economists have been advocating Fisher's theory with a taken-for-granted-knowledge status, which often fails to cite its heritage. Furthermore, although ‘decision-usefulness’ researchers have historically claimed opposition to normative theories, this opposition is deceptive. Fisher's theory is undeniably normative. It favours shareholders/owners over other stakeholders. Moreover, various normative-theorists have accepted Fisher's theory for valuation purposes.
An approach of wrinkle suppression to corrugated-core flexible skin under bending
Authors: Sun Shiyong , Zhang Wen , Gao Fei , Pei Yingbo , Qian Wei , Yang Rui
Published: January 2023

Flexible skin with an elastomer face sheet and corrugated core is considered the key component in achieving aerodynamic bearing and continuous large deformation of the morphing wings. However, during the bending deformation process, the compressed face of the corrugated-core rubber flexible skin is prone to wrinkling, which affects the aerodynamic shape of the wing. This study investigated the critical wrinkling load of a silicone face sheet under three-point bending. A flexible skin composed of a corrugated core and silicone face sheet was prepared for the three-point bending test. The transverse strain curve of the face sheet was obtained using the digital image correlation method. A finite-element model of flexible skin with a corrugated core was established. The wrinkling critical loads obtained by the simulation model and theoretical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, two improved silicone face sheets were obtained by increasing the partial thickness. The simulation and experiment results show that the improved face sheets can effectively suppress wrinkling. Meanwhile, the tenon structure formed by the trapezoidal silicone face sheet can enlarge the bonding area between the face sheet and corrugated core, and control the weight of the structure.
Palliative Care in Patients With Hematological Malignancies. We Have a Long Way to Go…
Authors: Allende-Pérez Silvia , García-Salamanca María F. , Peña-Nieves Adriana , Ramírez-Ibarguen Ana , Verástegui-Avilés Emma , Hernández-Lugo Isabel , LeBlanc Thomas W.
Published: January 2023

Background: Patients with hematological malignancies have significant and diverse palliative care needs but are not usually referred to specialist palliative care services in a timely manner, if at all. Objective: To identify the characteristics of patients with hematological malignancies referred to the palliative care service in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City. Patients: Retrospective study including consecutive patients with hematological malignancies referred to palliative care services at Mexico’s National Cancer Institute. Results: Between 2011 and 2019, 5,017 patients with hematological malignancies were evaluated for first time at Mexico’s National Cancer Institute. Of these, 9.1% (n = 457) were referred to palliative care. Most were male (53.4%), with a median age of 58 years. The most frequent diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma (54.9%). The primary indication for referral to palliative care was for cases wherein chemotherapy was no longer an option (disease refractory to treatment, 42.8%). The median time of referral to the palliative care service occurred 11.2 months after the first evaluation at the National Cancer Institute and death occurred on median 1.1 months after the first palliative care evaluation. Conclusion: Patients with hematological neoplasms are infrequently referred to Palliative Care at the Institute (9.1%). We found no clear referral criteria for Palliative Care referral and note that hematologists’ optimism regarding a cure can delay referrals. Clearly, we have a long way to go in improving the number of patients referred, and we still saw frequent referrals near the end of life, but the high rate of outpatient referrals is encouraging.
Medical Students’ Reflections on Their Experiences in a Trauma Chaplain Shadowing Program
Authors: Suda Seiji , Burkbauer Laura , White Betty , Browning James , DeLisser Horace M.
Published: January 2023

The importance of spirituality in patient care is well recognized and efforts to develop educational opportunities to improve medical students’ competency in spirituality and health are ongoing. In this regard, shadowing of healthcare chaplains has emerged as an experiential approach for providing exposure to and instruction in issues of spirituality in the patient experience and in patient care. Recently published data suggest that a 6-8 hour experience of shadowing a trauma chaplain is effective at introducing first-year medical students to healthcare chaplaincy, difficult spiritual conversations with patients and families, and interprofessional collaboration. As a follow-up to these data, this study provides a qualitative analysis of student reflections written immediately after their shadowing experience with the goal of further characterizing the educational impact of trauma chaplain shadowing. Qualitative analysis of 90 anonymous, student reflections indicated that trauma chaplain shadowing was an experience that provided insights about nature of chaplaincy, enabled opportunities to closely observe the relational skills of chaplains, allowed students to bear witness to suffering, fostered growth toward a professional identity, and facilitated recognition of shortcomings in medical education and clinical medicine. These data therefore provide further evidence of the value of chaplain shadowing in not only enhancing students’ understanding of various dimensions of spirituality and medicine but also in promoting their development of a strong physician identity.
Healthcare Worker Perceptions of LGBTQ+ Older Adults: Integrative Review
Authors: May Jennifer T. , Crist Janice D.
Published: January 2023

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults (OAs) may require care in long-term care (LTC), assisted living, and home health settings. Healthcare workers’ (HCWs, e.g., registered nurses, social workers, certified nursing assistants, home health aides) perceptions and attitudes could influence care, health disparities, and outcomes. The aim of this integrative review was to discover what is known about HCWs’ perceptions toward LGBTQ+ OAs. Searched databases included PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Quality review assessment was conducted separately by two reviewers; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. A total of 370 studies were identified; 10 studies were included in the review. Five studies were quantitative, four were qualitative, and one was a mixed methods study. Major themes included preparedness/training, responsibility of disclosure, and clinical practice. HCW’s perceptions may be associated with discriminatory care and health disparities in the LGBTQ+ OA population.
Analysis of Language Textbooks in Georgia: Approaches to Gender Equality of Males and Females While Teaching Languages
Authors: Tabatadze Shalva , Gorgadze Natia
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to explore gender equality in language textbooks in Georgian schools. The content analysis method was used to answer the research questions, and a theoretical framework was developed based on Porreca's Analytical Framework (1984). The research revealed that men remain more visible in textbooks. Social roles, activities, and professions are gender-biased, and the books contribute to the development of gender stereotypes. The study identified five different approaches that school textbook authors adopt toward gender equality: (1) superficial, (2) artificial, (3) additive, (4) deliberate ignorance, and (5) attitudinal nondeliberate gender mainstreaming approach.
Pre-Occupation: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Gender Differences in Adolescent Vocational Interests
Authors: Baerg MacDonald Kristi , Benson Alex , Sakaluk John Kitchener , Schermer Julie Aitken
Published: January 2023

Vocational interests have important implications for a range of life outcomes, such as satisfaction with career choice. Extending research on gender differences in vocational interests with adult samples, we sought to evaluate whether a similar pattern emerged during adolescence in a meta-analysis and explored moderators via meta-regression. Examining 41 studies using 3-level meta-analysis, gender differences in vocational interests are substantially accounted for using Holland’s RIASEC framework. Male adolescents have higher interests in Realistic and Investigative careers and female adolescents have higher interests in Social and Artistic careers. The differences were not moderated by year, national gender inequality ratings, or scale type. The study highlights that there are patterns in gender differences in the vocational interests of adolescents, that these differences reflect those found with adult samples, and that the differences have been stable over the past 80 years.
Trying to Fit a Square Peg in a Round Hole? Testing the Robustness of Maltreatment Measurement Models for Youth
Authors: McGuire Austen , Gabrielli Joy , Jackson Yo
Published: January 2023

Research on maltreatment exposure often demonstrates mixed findings and a potential explanation for this may be the measurement of maltreatment. One approach for addressing measurement concerns, which also accounts for maltreatment’s multidimensional nature, is the use of a measurement or latent model. However, there is minimal evidence on the generalizability of this approach across populations of youth. This study examined measurement invariance of a one-factor maltreatment model across two samples of youth exposed to maltreatment using case file data from the SPARK and LONGSCAN datasets ( N = 1286). Results showed that only partial metric invariance could be established for the one-factor model between SPARK and LONGSCAN subsamples, and neglect and emotional abuse indicators tended to show low factor loadings. Findings highlight the need to consider how potential differences in documentation and maltreatment rates influence model performance and the need for research on which maltreatment characteristics may best capture youths’ experiences.
Evaluation of the effects of canning variables on the mineral composition of canned cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata l. Walp) using multi-response analysis
Authors: Carvalho dos Santos Wagna Piler , Weste Nano Rita Maria , de Oliveira Fábio Santos , Maia Lucas Costa , de Souza Miranda Katia Elizabeth , Campos Iasmin Araújo Lobão
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the effects of canning variables (cooking time, storage time, volume of vinegar, salt and sugar) on the mineral composition of canned cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and which conditions provide optimised preservation of the mineral content of the grains. Different formulations of canned cowpeas were produced following two levels factorial experimental design using five variables. A set of 11 different formulations were evaluated using the desirability function with essential minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, P and Zn) as the response. The optimal multi-response conditions for higher mineral retention were: 360 days of storage at 30 ± 5 °C (ST2), 30 ml of vinegar, 9.0 g of NaCl, 18 min of cooking time, and 9.0 g, 19.5 g or 30 g of sugar (the effect of the sugar content at the evaluated range was not significant at 95% confidence level).
Hybrid digital twin for conditional lubricant oil transport simulation and oil consumption prediction in internal combustion engines
Authors: Zhong Xinlin , Li Mo , Tian Tian
Published: January 2023

Reducing lubricant oil consumption (LOC) has long been an interest to engine manufacturers in an effort to reduce overall emissions from internal combustion (IC) engines. However, directly correlating engine operating conditions with LOC rates is a challenging task given its complex and multi-physics nature. Building on previous experimental observations and modeling efforts, a baseline hybrid model, which combines traditional physics-based numerical simulation with modern machine learning techniques, was developed. As the first step, the model is to compute the oil exiting the top ring gap with given oil supply rate and locations to the second land. Studies performed using the model reveal a strong dependency of LOC on engine speed, load as well as the relative locations of piston ring gaps. In particular, the close proximity of the oil source on second land to the top ring gap and the reverse gas flow at low load conditions can both induce high LOC. Piston ring gap rotations and the different oil supply mechanisms to the piston ring pack are also found to heavily influence the oil consumption behavior and oil film thickness distribution pattern. The present work is the first step to a more comprehensive model for predicting LOC for healthy systems of piston ring packs. The efficiency of the model made it possible to study the oil redistribution that takes many engine cycles to reach equilibrium and rotation of the ring gaps that could happen in reality at a time scale of minutes and even longer.
‘An expensive commodity’? The impact of hope on US foreign policy during the ‘unipolar moment’
Authors: Hehir Aidan
Published: January 2023

‘Imperial overstretch’ and the role played by related ideational issues derived from particular liberal tenets and the United States’ belief in its ‘manifest destiny’ to lead the world have been regularly cited as explanations for why the United States’ ambitious project to transform the world in the post–Cold War era failed. In this article, I argue that these analyses have overlooked a crucial causal factor that also impelled the United States to undertake its ultimately doomed project: hope. I demonstrate that analyses of hope’s influence have found that while hope can exert a positive influence, it can also – if irrational – induce self-destructive behaviour. During the period of unipolarity, the United States repeatedly advanced teleological visions of a bright future for humanity routinely infused with the language of hope. I demonstrate that hope was, however, more than just a discursive device; it was itself a catalyst for the United States’ actions. I argue that a confluence of factors at the end of the Cold War aligned to impel the rapid emergence of a particular variant of hope – defined as ‘wilful hope’ – which inspired the United States to act as it did. I demonstrate how this disposition was evident in the rhetoric employed by both Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush but also – more importantly – in the strategies they each implemented. Ultimately, this disposition played a crucial – though not exclusive – role in undermining international support for US leadership and precipitating the end of ‘the unipolar moment’.
Social support profiles correlate with depressive symptoms among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Bai Yashuang , Yang Fan , Chen Minglong , Zhang Bo , Liu Xiaohan , Huang Ning , Riem Madelon ME , Guo Jing
Published: January 2023

This study explored pandemic-related social support profiles and investigated their relationships with depressive symptoms among Chinese parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypotheses were evaluated in an online cross-sectional survey of 1286 parents. Latent profile analysis identified two profiles of received social support (isolated and integrated support). Three convergent profiles (high, moderate, and low support) and one divergent profile were found in perceived social support. The results revealed that the distribution of age, region, income and educational level varied across these profiles. Only the “high” (β = −0.11, p < 0.01) and “divergent” (β = −0.12, p < 0.01) profiles of perceived social support were negatively associated with parents’ depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of developing better-targeted intervention programs aimed at optimizing the allocation and improving the quantity and quality of supportive resources for parents.
Parent-to-parent support among parents of children with autism: A review of the literature
Authors: Lee James D , Terol Adriana Kaori , Yoon Christy D , Meadan Hedda
Published: January 2023

Parents of autistic children have historically reported hardships related to raising their children. However, the access to resources related to the childrearing of an autistic child is not equitable, therefore resulting in exacerbated difficulties for parents in low-resource settings. In these situations, peer support may be a protective factor for parental resilience in which they receive various supports from other parents of an autistic child with similar experiences. Despite its potential utility, little is known about such parent-to-parent support as evidenced by no synthesis of relevant literature. To address this gap, we present a scoping review of 25 studies that included parent-to-parent support among parents of autistic children. Across these studies, a total of 141 and 747 parents participated as parent mentors and mentees with some heterogeneity in their demographic characteristics. We also identified how parent mentors were trained to provide support to their peers and social validity data related to parent-to-parent support and provided implications for future intervention research.

Lay Abstract

Parents of autistic children have long reported feelings of isolation and increased stress during and after receiving their child’s diagnosis. Increasing global prevalence of autism also calls for increased services and supports to meet the needs of these families, but most parents who live in low-resource settings still report exacerbated barriers. This may indicate the need for diversifying intervention delivery models to increase contextual fit and enhance implementation effects for different populations. For example, many parents have reported parent-to-parent (P2P) model to be a source of emotional support, advocacy, and knowledge related to their child’s diagnosis, and practical advice. However, little is known about this topic due to the lack of synthesis of relevant autism literature. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review to gain a deeper understanding of how P2P support is used. We identified 25 studies based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, which we coded to extract variables such as demographic information of participants, types of P2P, dosage, target outcomes, and social validity. About half of studies focused on providing support groups for parents, and the other half focused on individual matching and mentoring for skill acquisition of parents. Across the included 25 studies, a total of 141 parents participated as parent mentors and 747 parents as parent mentees. We also present implications for future research.
Review of experimental investigations on seismic performance of precast segmental bridge columns in seismic regions
Authors: Zhu Zhao , Shuan-hai He  , Li Yuan , Dong Peng
Published: January 2023

Due to the fast construction and low interference, precast segmental bridge columns have gained increasing attention for use in non-seismic regions. However, their applications in seismic areas remain scarce due to their ambiguous dynamic performance. To estimate the seismic performance of PSBCs, existing quasi-static cyclic tests and shaking table tests are gathered and reviewed in this study. According to the structural details and material property at the joints, the PSBCs are categorized as 11 types based on the connection type, namely grouted splice sleeve couplers (GSSCs), grouted corrugated duct connections (GCDCs), wet joint connections (WJCs), mechanical bar splice connections, socket connections (SCs), unbonded post-tensioned tendon connections (UPTCs), partial precast columns (PPCs), hybrid connections (HCs), high-strength steel bars (HSBs), high-performance concrete (HPC), and external dissipators (EXDs). Based on the experimental results, the failure reason of each connection types are discussed and the effective structural details are suggested. And also, the PSBCs are divided into those with ductile and resilient connections according to the damage levels, residual drift ratios, displacement ductility coefficients, equivalent viscous damping ratios and effective stiffness parameters. With the achievements in this research, the application of PSBCs is expected to be promoted in medium-to-high seismic regions.
Study of contact mechanics between two brass solids in various diameter ratios and friction coefficient
Authors: Lamura M Danny Pratama , Hidayat Taufiq , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Jamari J
Published: January 2023

Contact mechanics is the study of the behavior of solids when they come into contact at one or more points. Contact mechanics research allows for the investigation of tribology, contact stiffness, electrical contact resistance, and indentation hardness. This understanding is required for the safe and efficient design of technological systems. One of the main interesting research observations is the study of contact mechanics behavior between two brass hemisphere with different diameter ratios and friction coefficients, which subsequently becomes the subject of this study. For this study, seven diameter ratios ranging from one- to seven-folds were compared using friction coefficients of 0.05, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8. Both experiments and simulations were performed to investigate the behavior of the contact mechanics. The experiments and simulation were designed to investigate the effect of friction coefficient and diameter ratio on Von-Misses in the loading process and deformation. The results of the finite element method simulations µ = 0 and lubricated condition experiments are coherent between each other. As a result, it is proven that the coefficient of friction has influenced the unloading deformation and von Mises stress distribution. However, the impact on the deformation ratio with a coefficient of friction from 0.05 to 0.8 does not show a significant difference. The distribution of von Mises stress on diameter ratio 1 showed similar results between the two specimens. Specimen 2 had a wider von Mises stress distribution than specimen 1 at a higher diameter ratio. From diameter ratio 3 to diameter ratio 7, there is a highly localized stress at the edge of the contact area. This region is caused by shear stress as a result of the middle material pushing the surrounding material sideways. When the friction coefficient is increased, the localized stress area decreases, which indicates that the resultant load given is reduced.
Birds of a feather (don’t always) flock together: Critical reflexivity of ‘Outsiderness’ as an ‘Insider’ doing qualitative research with one’s ‘Own People’
Authors: Ademolu Edward
Published: January 2023

The article presents self-reflexive elaborations of negotiating ‘outsider’ positionalities as an ‘insider’ conducting a qualitative study of first-and-second-generation Nigerian diaspora communities in London, United Kingdom (UK) and the implications of this for the methodological documentation and interpretation of the research process as well as, the perspicuity of participants’ realities. Within the conceptual framing of ‘critical reflexivity’, this article details the author’s retrospective evaluation of the impact that his positionality – notably his outsiderness, and the biases, presuppositions and awkwardness accompanying this had at each stage of the research proccess. From formulating the research topic, methodological design and participant identification/recruitment, to data collection and analysis, this article reiterates the centrality of researcher reflexivity in qualitative inquiries of one’s ‘own people’. It concludes that while critical reflexivity affords a sensitivity and attention to challenges around methodological rigour and ethical research, ethnoracialised sameness between researchers and their supposed ‘own people’ is not always complementary, ideal and productive. This article makes important and original contributions to positionality debates in its specific application to the Nigerian diaspora advancing Black scholarship in the social sciences.
Marketing of donor eggs by offering possibilities for imaginary actualization of recipients’ ideal self
Authors: Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit
Published: January 2023

Donor eggs have become commercialized and egg agencies mediate between egg consumers and donors. Despite the rapid growth of this industry, there is a paucity of research focusing on the imaginary aspects of the marketing strategies employed in the egg donation commerce. This article is based on a content analysis of American egg donor profiles. Inspired by Baudrillardian theory, I analyze the marketing strategy and show how egg donors are perfectionized using cultural notions of hegemonic femininity, in order to attract egg consumers by tacitly encouraging them to create an imagined hyperreal ideal self. This marketing strategy aims to de-commodify genetic substance in order to facilitate the exploitation of consumers’ self-concept for business goals. The identity of the donor is imbued with greater meaning for consumers than merely her genetic material, hence offers possibilities for the imaginary actualization of consumers’ ideal selves. Consumers are invited to exercise their agency and form a simulacrum of their desired self and materialize their utmost psychological identity aspirations.
The acoustic performance of a dual Helmholtz resonators system in the presence of a grazing flow
Authors: Xue Rong , Mak Cheuk Ming , Wu Dizi , Ma Kuen Wai
Published: January 2023

Helmholtz resonators (HR) are widely used in aero-engine systems for noise reduction. By connecting a pair of HRs in series (neck-cavity-neck-cavity), a dual HRs system is formed. This study investigated the influence of neck length, cavity volume and flow Mach number on the noise attenuation performance of a dual HRs system. A three-dimensional numerical simulation was performed to calculate the transmission loss results. The transmission loss (TL) results indicated that the second neck length can influence the second resonance frequency and TL max. Changing the cavity volume significantly influences the noise attenuation ability under lower flow rate conditions compared to higher flow rate conditions. The flow Mach number had a more significant impact on the first TL peak than on the second TL peak. This study shows the relationship between the geometric parameters, grazing flow and noise attenuation performance of a dual HRs system and could provide guidance in designing suitable dual HRs for aero-engine systems.
Hydrodynamic sources of the vortex sound in a two-dimensional shear layer
Authors: Du Yongle , Yu Hangwen , Liu Yanchen , Yang Dangguo
Published: January 2023

Development of advanced noise reduction devices requires an in-depth understanding of two fundamental questions: what are the true noise sources and how are the acoustic radiations generated. An accurate separation of the hydrodynamic and acoustic fluctuations helps to reveal the answers, but no consensus exists on its feasibility in the near-field source region of compressible flows. This study proposes a methodology to examine the dynamics of vortex sound generation in a two-dimensional artificially excited subsonic mixing layer. The parabolized stability equation (PSE) is applied to resolve the hydrodynamic fluctuations and the vortex sound theory is used to predict the acoustic pressures. Numerical simulations show that the PSE solutions capture the vortex pairing reasonably accurately and damp the acoustic modes to a negligible level, and that the vortex sound theory recovers the acoustic pressures. Good agreement of both solutions with the direct simulations indicates that a physically reasonable separation of hydrodynamic sources is achieved and can be used to further examine the vortex dynamics and noise source mechanisms.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Posttransplant Anemia With Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Mekraksakit Poemlarp , Leelaviwat Natnicha , Benjanuwattra Juthipong , Duangkham Samapon , Del Rio-Pertuz Gaspar , Thongprayoon Charat , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Pena Camilo , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Posttransplant anemia is a common finding after kidney transplantation. A previous meta-analysis reported an association between anemia and graft loss. However, data on cardiovascular outcomes have not yet been reported. Objective: We conducted an updated meta-analysis to examine the association between posttransplant anemia and outcomes after transplantation including cardiovascular mortality in adult kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to November 2021. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects model. Generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird was employed to calculate the risk ratios and 95% CIs. Results: Seventeen studies from August 2006 to April 2019 were included (16 463 kidney transplantation recipients). Posttransplant anemia was associated with overall mortality (pooled risk ratio = 1.72 [1.39, 2.13], I2 = 56%), graft loss (pooled risk ratio = 2.28 [1.77, 2.93], I2 = 94%), cardiovascular death (pooled risk ratio = 2.06 [1.35, 3.16], I2 = 0%), and cardiovascular events (pooled risk ratio = 1.33 [1.10, 1.61], I2 = 0%). Early anemia (≤6 months), compared with late anemia (>6 months), has higher risk of overall mortality and graft loss with a pooled risk ratio of 2.63 (95% CI 1.79-3.86; I2 = 0%) and 2.96 (95% CI 2.29-3.82; I2 = 0%), respectively. Discussion: In addition to increased risk of graft loss, our updated meta-analysis demonstrated that posttransplant anemia was significantly associated with poor outcomes after kidney transplantation including overall mortality, graft loss, cardiovascular death, and cardiovascular events. Future studies are required to assess the effects of treatment strategies for posttransplant anemia on posttransplant outcomes including cardiovascular mortality.
Gamma Oscillations and Potassium Channel Modulation in Schizophrenia: Targeting GABAergic Dysfunction
Authors: Kaar Stephen J. , Nottage Judith F. , Angelescu Ilinca , Marques Tiago Reis , Howes Oliver D.
Published: January 2023

Impairments in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) interneuron function lead to gamma power abnormalities and are thought to underlie symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Voltage-gated potassium 3.1 (Kv3.1) and 3.2 (Kv3.2) channels on GABAergic interneurons are critical to the generation of gamma oscillations suggesting that targeting Kv3.1/3.2 could augment GABAergic function and modulate gamma oscillation generation. Here, we studied the effect of a novel potassium Kv3.1/3.2 channel modulator, AUT00206, on resting state frontal gamma power in people with schizophrenia. We found a significant positive correlation between frontal resting gamma (35–45 Hz) power ( n = 22, r = 0.613, P < .002) and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) positive symptom severity. We also found a significant reduction in frontal gamma power ( t13 = 3.635, P = .003) from baseline in patients who received AUT00206. This provides initial evidence that the Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, AUT00206, may address gamma oscillation abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Critical Reflections on Conducting Qualitative Health Research During COVID-19: The Lived Experiences of a Cohort of Postgraduate Students in a South African University
Authors: Githaiga Jennifer Nyawira , Späth Carmen , Sicwebu Namhla , Perera Shehani , Tolla Tsidiso , Leon Natalie
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 ushered in public health guidelines restricting face-to-face contact and movement, and encouraging social distancing, all of which had implications for conducting field-based research during the pandemic. For qualitative researchers, this meant adapting conventional face-to-face methods and resorting to virtual variations of the same in adherence to stipulated COVID-19 health protocols. Virtual qualitative research introduced new concerns and logistical challenges. This paper presents critical reflections on experiences of conducting qualitative research during the pandemic, from the perspectives of a cohort of postgraduate fellows. A critical reflection framework was utilised to explore fellows experiences and meanings ascribed to their experiences. The research findings illustrate three overarching processes which, in turn, shaped ways of thinking, doing and being. First, explicating tacit assumptions about their anticipated research journeys and interrogating these. Second, shifts in power differentials demonstrated by role reversal between researchers and participants, and between fellows and supervisors as they re-negotiated their positionalities in virtual research spaces. Third, context specific sense-making, in which - narrative accounts support the notion of knowledge as a social construct. Our findings have important implications for qualitative research practice. Our study documents methodological nuances and social implications of conducting qualitative research during COVID-19 and in a-South African context. In addition, our study exemplifies the use of critical reflection in qualitative research practice in the specific context of postgraduate academic research. Further, our study illustrates how the use of technology shapes qualitative research protocol development, data collection and analysis phases.
Identifying the Core Indicators of Migrant and Refugee Children’s Integration Using the Delphi Method: A Multi-Input Strategy for Definition of Consensus
Authors: Bajo Marcos Eva , Ordóñez-Carabaño Ángela , Rodríguez-Ventosa Herrera Elena , Serrano Inmaculada
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the Delphi methodology employed to select a final dashboard of 30 indicators on the socio-educative inclusion of refugee and migrant children in Europe. Firstly, a procedure for identifying Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was carried out, including a specialized scientific literature review, the mapping of previous indicators, and qualitative workshops with key stakeholders at micro, meso, and macro levels in six countries. Then, a Delphi design was implemented to assess, rate, and provide meaningful qualitative improvements to a pool of pre-selected indicators. The Delphi methodology involved a group of international experts on the matters of inclusive education or migration, researchers, NGOs, and public officers. As an alternative to traditional "benchmark-based" consensus, we introduced the use of a) the CARA model and b) an alternative multi-input and mixed-method consensus-building procedure. The results provided a significant contribution to qualitative methods on the one hand and to migration and integration literature on the other. The methodological innovations, the diversity of experts' perspectives involved in the process, and the structured nature of the method constituted significant advantages to improve the robustness of the Delphi methodology for selecting and validating indicators. Future research involving a Delphi methodology can benefit from applying the present procedure.
Allegations of Failure to Obtain Informed Consent in Otolaryngology: Evidenced-Based Recommendations for Sinus Surgeons
Authors: Fritz Christian G. , Romeo Dominic J. , Lowery Anne S. , Rajasekaran Karthik
Published: January 2023

Background

Informed consent requires preoperative discussion of surgical risks, complications, and alternative treatment options. Allegations of incomplete informed consent are common in the field of otolaryngology.

Objectives

Analyze outcomes and case variables in cases of alleged informed consent failure involving otolaryngologists.

Methods

A legal research database containing state and federal case records from across the United States was retrospectively reviewed for malpractice claims involving informed consent and otolaryngology.

Results

Among the 128 informed consent cases identified, 72.6% resulted in favorable verdicts for otolaryngologists. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was the most common source of informed consent litigation in the field of otolaryngology, with an incidence four-fold higher than the next most litigated procedure of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (21.9% vs 5.4%). The top four factors cited in FESS-related cases were CSF leak (10), inadequate discussion of alternative therapies (4), diplopia (3), and meningitis (3). Cases resulting in a transient injury were significantly less likely to result in a payment from a plaintiff verdict or settlement (9.1%) as compared to payment-rates among cases involving permanent complications (34.6%) ( p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Failure to obtain informed consent is an important factor in medical malpractice litigation. This report identifies specific, actionable recommendations aimed at protecting sinus surgeons from liability and ensuring that patients are better informed.