bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biology and morphometrics of root mealybug Formicococcus polysperes Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus)
Authors: Najitha Ummer , Susannamma Kurien , Maicykutty P. Mathew
Published: January 2024

Studies on the biology of Formicococcus polysperes Williams infesting roots of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus) revealed females reproduced ovoviviparously and the reproductive period including pre larviposition, larviposition and postlarviposition periods lasted for an average of 23.65 ± 2.01, 9.6 ± 3.34 and 4.15± 0.93 days respectively. Gravid females gave birth to 136.15 ± 74.93 crawlers. Development period of females included three nymphal instars whereas males had two nymphal instars, a pre pupal and pupal stages. Duration of first two nymphal instars, third female nymphal instar, pre-pupal and pupal stages 8.4 ± 2.46, 6.35 ± 1.95, 8.4 ± 1.87, 1.4 ± 0.50 and 7.15 ± 0.88 days respectively. Adult males were short lived (1.8 ± 0.52 days) and adult females lived for 37.4 ± 3.10 days. Total life cycle of males was shorter (23.7 ± 3.01days) than that of females (60.55 ± 5.36 days). The sex ratio was 1.00:2.71 (male: female). The morphometric data of all stages are presented.
Mite pests of vegetable crops under protected cultivation in Kerala
Authors: Neena Lenin , Haseena Bhaskar
Published: January 2024

Survey conducted to document the diversity of mite pests and their natural enemies associated with vegetables grown under polyhouse, recorded tetranychids - Tetranychus truncatus on cucumber and amaranthus, T. urticae, T. okinawanus and Eutetranychus orientalis on cucumber and T. macfarlanei on cowpea and French bean and tarsonemid, Polyphagotarsonemus latus on cowpea, chilly, tomato, capsicum, cucumber, bittergourd and amaranthus. Insect predators - Stethorus pauperculus, Oligota sp., Scolothrips sp. and an unidentified species of Cecidomyiidae and predatory mites - Neoseiulus longispinosus, Amblyseius paraaerialis, Tydeus gossabaensis, Agistemus garrulus, Cunaxa sp. and Cheyletus sp., as natural enemies.
Molecular probe, colony structure and SEM of antennal sensillae substantiate intermediate workers of Oecophylla smaragdina (Fab.) as typical worker
Authors: Vidhu V.V. , D.A. Evans
Published: January 2024

The polymorphic colony of arboreal weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius has three categories of workers designated as typical, major and minor. The colony structure fluctuated sharply with seasons but the numerical ratio of worker castes always remained as 65:25:10. Typical workers have highest number of sensillae/unit area on the terminal segment of antenna and all the above characters established their role in the colony different from major and minor workers. Microsatellite DNA analysis of worker castes indicated high degree of genetic diversity, heterozygocity and genetic polymorphism among three worker castes, reproductive males and females. Mitochondrial DNA analysis proved that all the three categories of worker castes were developed from eggs of a single queen.
Aquatic insects of a tropical rain forest stream in Western Ghats, India
Authors: Priyanka G. L. , G. Prasad
Published: January 2024

In the studies on diversity, abundance and distribution of aquatic insects in Kallar stream and its tributaries in Western Ghats, collected on a monthly basis from five different sites revealed a total of 13,510 individuals belonging to 9 orders, 61 families and 125 genera. Trichoptera was the most dominant order with maximum number of individuals. It was followed by Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Megaloptera and Lepidoptera. Shannon-Weiner, Simpson dominance and Margalefs richness indices were found to be highest in site 5 and lowest in site 3. The most pollution sensitive aquatic insects are high in the main Kallar stream (site 5) compared to the tributaries. In the tributaries many anthropogenic activities are taking place and these factors have direct and indirect impact on the diversity of aquatic insects. So this may be the reason for the low abundance of the pollution sensitive taxa in the tributaries compared to the main Kallar stream.
First report of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from the Old World
Authors: Shanas S. , Joseph Job , Tom Joseph , G. Anju Krishnan
Published: January 2024

Occurrence of the Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin is reported for the first time from the Old World. Aleurodicus rugioperculatus is compared with A. dispersus Russell, the only con-generic species known from India. Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitises A. rugioperculatus. Host range of the RSW is discussed and ten new host records are provided.
Perancangan Optimasi Keamanan Operasional : Sistem Informasi Pengecekan Kondisi Gerbong Kereta Api Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Berbasis Web
Authors: Ikhwan Ali , Utama Arya Dwi , Putri Suci Syah , Abrianisyah Deli Kartika , Nasution Rizki Prasetya
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perancangan sistem pengecekan kondisi gerbong kereta api berbasis web dengan fokus pada keselamatan operasional. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi, sistem ini mengadopsi pendekatan digital untuk mengatasi tantangan pemeriksaan manual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi teknologi ini memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan keselamatan operasional perkeretaapian dengan mengurangi risiko kesalahan dan mencatat riwayat pemeliharaan. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mendigitalisasi proses pemeriksaan, mendeteksi potensi masalah secara dini, dan meningkatkan efisiensi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pengembangan solusi inovatif dalam menjawab tuntutan keamanan dan efisiensi dalam layanan perkeretaapian modern yang diharapkan sistem ini dapat diimplementasikan secara luas.
ZMYSLUPLNÁ PRÁCA A VIERA V SPRAVODLIVÝ SVET U PREDSTAVITEĽOV RÔZNYCH POVOLANÍ
Authors:   Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, Hudáková Miriama , Svitková Paulína
Published: January 2024

Hlavným cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť rozdiely v zmysluplnej práci a viere v spravodlivý svet u predstaviteľov štyroch rôznych povolaní (sestra, vedecko-výskumný pracovník, administratívny pracovník, pracovník vo výrobe). Ďalším cieľom bolo skúmať vzťah medzi zmysluplnou prácou a vierou v spravodlivý svet. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 133 participantov (100 žien, 33 mužov), a to konkrétne 34 sestier, 34 vedecko-výskumných pracovníkov, 33 administratívnych pracovníkov a 32 pracovníkov vo výrobe vo veku od 19 do 66 rokov (M=38,9; SD=23,10). Na meranie zmysluplnej práce sme použili slovenskú verziu Work as Meaning Inventory (Steger, Dik, Duffy, 2012). Viera v spravodlivý svet bola meraná dotazníkom Belief in a Just World Scale (Lipkus, Dalbert, Siegler, 1996). Zistili sme, že porovnávané povolania sa líšia v dvoch aspektoch zmysluplnej práce (vytváranie zmyslu skrz prácu, vyšší zmysel práce). Nezistili sme rozdiely vo viere v spravodlivý svet medzi štyrmi skúmanými povolaniami. Avšak preukázali sme existenciu vzťahu medzi zmysluplnou prácou a vierou v spravodlivý svet.
LÍŠI SA SPÔSOB ROZHODOVANIA NA ZÁKLADE VÝBERU ŠTUDIJNÉHO ODBORU?
Authors:   University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, Nosáľová Ester
Published: January 2024

Cieľom výskumu je zistiť, či existujú rozdiely v spôsobe rozhodovania sa na základe výberu študijného odboru. Vzorku tvorí 134 študentov končiacich ročníkov gymnázií, ktorých cieľom je dostať na vysokú školu v určitom odbore. Tieto odbory tvoria a) sociálne, právne a ekonomické vedy; b) vzdelávanie; c) prírodné vedy, matematika a informatika; d) technické vedy a e) zdravotnícke vedy. Typické spôsoby rozhodovania boli zisťované prostredníctvom Škály základných štýlov rozhodovania (Scott & Bruce, 1995). Významné rozdiely sa preukázali v rámci racionálneho štýlu, ktorý je využívaní významne viac u študentov, ktorí sú zameraní na zdravotné vedy oproti študentom zameraným na vzdelávanie. Intuitívny štýl využívajú významne viac študenti zameraný na sociálne, právne a ekonomické vedy, ako študenti zameraní na zdravotné vedy. Študenti zameraní na vzdelávanie dosahujú významne vyššie hodnoty v spontánnom štýle rozhodovania oproti študentom zameraným na sociálne, právne a ekonomické vedy, ako aj študentom zameraným na zdravotné vedy.
Effects of Compassion Competence on Job Satisfaction among Dental Hygienists
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Kim Young-Im
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study analyzed the factors influencing the compassion competence of dental hygienists in relation to job satisfaction. Methods: The study period was from 250 professors at some universities were analyzed. Using SPSSWIN 18.0. Results: Compassion competence is a significant amount of correlation with Job Satisfaction(F=14.386, p<0.001), and the explanatory power was 39.4%. Among the independent variables, Communication skills(β=.569) was found to have the greatest influence. Final education(graduate or higher), Compassion competency, Communication skills, Sensitivity, and Insight were found to have an effect. Conclusions: In the future, it is considered that it is necessary to establish an effective strategy to enhance the Compassion Competence of clinical dental hygienists and to strengthen Job Satisfaction.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF DISRUPTION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TOWARDS THE FUTURE
Authors: Sa'diyah Maidatus
Published: January 2024

This study explores the transformative impact of digital technology on education, emphasizing two important aspects: increased student engagement through interactive tools and the importance of achieving equitable access and digital inclusivity. Findings reveal that smart boards and educational apps contribute significantly to dynamic and personalized learning experiences, and revolutionize traditional pedagogy. However, challenges remain in ensuring equal access to digital resources, particularly evident in the digital divide. To bridge this gap, comprehensive policies, teacher empowerment and community involvement are needed to create an inclusive digital education ecosystem. These findings underscore the need to view technology not only as an educational tool but also as a means to bridge gaps and create a more equitable and inclusive educational future
 
Studi ini mengeksplorasi dampak transformatif teknologi digital terhadap pendidikan, dengan menekankan dua aspek penting: peningkatan keterlibatan siswa melalui alat interaktif dan pentingnya mencapai akses yang adil dan inklusivitas digital. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa papan pintar dan aplikasi pendidikan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pengalaman belajar yang dinamis dan personal, serta merevolusi pedagogi tradisional. Namun, masih terdapat tantangan dalam memastikan akses yang setara terhadap sumber daya digital, terutama yang terlihat dalam kesenjangan digital. Untuk menjembatani kesenjangan ini diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif, pemberdayaan guru, dan keterlibatan masyarakat untuk menciptakan ekosistem pendidikan digital yang inklusif. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi perlunya memandang teknologi tidak hanya sebagai alat pendidikan namun juga sebagai sarana untuk menjembatani kesenjangan dan menciptakan masa depan pendidikan yang lebih adil dan inklusif.
Metabolic engineering in lignocellulose biorefining for high-value chemicals: recent advances, challenges, and outlook for enabling a bioeconomy
Authors: Lama Suman , Thapa Laxmi Prasad , Upadhayaya Subodh Kumar , Gauchan Dhurva Prasad , Singh Anjana
Published: January 2024

Lignocellulose biomass presents a promising and renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Numerous engineered microorganisms have been developed to efficiently utilize this biomass and convert it into valuable platform chemicals. This article provides an overview of the extensive metabolic engineering strategies employed to create robust microbial cell factories for lignocellulose biorefinery. The focus lies on the production of various chemicals including succinic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxypropinic acid, xylitol, biohydrocarbons, itaconic acid, 2-phenylethanol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, and 2,3-butanediol from lignocellulose hydrolysate, especially hemicellulose. Additionally, the article briefly discusses the techno-economic analysis, challenges, and future prospects for achieving more sustainable production of these chemicals.
I like therefore I can, and I can therefore I like: the role of self-efficacy and affect in active inference of allostasis
Authors: Krupnik Valery
Published: January 2024

Active inference (AIF) is a theory of the behavior of information-processing open dynamic systems. It describes them as generative models (GM) generating inferences on the causes of sensory input they receive from their environment. Based on these inferences, GMs generate predictions about sensory input. The discrepancy between a prediction and the actual input results in prediction error. GMs then execute action policies predicted to minimize the prediction error. The free-energy principle provides a rationale for AIF by stipulating that information-processing open systems must constantly minimize their free energy (through suppressing the cumulative prediction error) to avoid decay. The theory of homeostasis and allostasis has a similar logic. Homeostatic set points are expectations of living organisms. Discrepancies between set points and actual states generate stress. For optimal functioning, organisms avoid stress by preserving homeostasis. Theories of AIF and homeostasis have recently converged, with AIF providing a formal account for homeo- and allostasis. In this paper, we present bacterial chemotaxis as molecular AIF, where mutual constraints by extero- and interoception play an essential role in controlling bacterial behavior supporting homeostasis. Extending this insight to the brain, we propose a conceptual model of the brain homeostatic GM, in which we suggest partition of the brain GM into cognitive and physiological homeostatic GMs. We outline their mutual regulation as well as their integration based on the free-energy principle. From this analysis, affect and self-efficacy emerge as the main regulators of the cognitive homeostatic GM. We suggest fatigue and depression as target neurocognitive phenomena for studying the neural mechanisms of such regulation.
Aging differentially alters the transcriptome and landscape of chromatin accessibility in the male and female mouse hippocampus
Authors: Achiro Jennifer M. , Tao Yang , Gao Fuying , Lin Chia-Ho , Watanabe Marika , Neumann Sylvia , Coppola Giovanni , Black Douglas L. , Martin Kelsey C.
Published: January 2024

Aging-related memory impairment and pathological memory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease differ between males and females, and yet little is known about how aging-related changes in the transcriptome and chromatin environment differ between sexes in the hippocampus. To investigate this question, we compared the chromatin accessibility landscape and gene expression/alternative splicing pattern of young adult and aged mouse hippocampus in both males and females using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. We detected significant aging-dependent changes in the expression of genes involved in immune response and synaptic function and aging-dependent changes in the alternative splicing of myelin sheath genes. We found significant sex-bias in the expression and alternative splicing of hundreds of genes, including aging-dependent female-biased expression of myelin sheath genes and aging-dependent male-biased expression of genes involved in synaptic function. Aging was associated with increased chromatin accessibility in both male and female hippocampus, especially in repetitive elements, and with an increase in LINE-1 transcription. We detected significant sex-bias in chromatin accessibility in both autosomes and the X chromosome, with male-biased accessibility enriched at promoters and CpG-rich regions. Sex differences in gene expression and chromatin accessibility were amplified with aging, findings that may shed light on sex differences in aging-related and pathological memory loss.
Ceftazidime-avibactam induced renal disorders: past and present
Authors: Shi Yanrong , Wu Jichao , Mi Wei , Zhang Xusheng , Ren Xiuli , Shen Chengwu , Lu Cuicui
Published: January 2024

With the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens worldwide, antimicrobial resistance has become a significant public health concern. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) exhibited excellent in vitro activity against many carbapenemase-producing pathogens, and was widely used for the treatment of various complicated infections. CAZ-AVI is well tolerated across all dosing regimens, and its associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in phase II/III clinical trials is rare. However, recent real-world studies have demonstrated that CAZ-AVI associated AKI was more frequent in real-world than in phase II and III clinical trials, particularly in patients receiving concomitant nephrotoxic agents, with critically ill patients being at a higher risk. Herein, we reviewed the safety data related to renal impairment of CAZ-AVI, and discussed its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets and dosage adjustment in patients with impaired renal function. This review aimed to emphasize the importance for healthcare professionals to be aware of this adverse event of CAZ-AVI and provide practical insights into the dosage optimization in critically ill patients with renal dysfunction.
The association between Internet use and cognitive ability among rural left-behind children in China
Authors: Gao Ai-zhi , Chen Wei-chao
Published: January 2024

Introduction

This study focuses on the cognitive development of rural children aged 10–15 who have been left behind, utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) datasets of 2016 and 2020. The primary objective is to investigate the correlation between Internet usage and the cognitive ability of these children.

Methods

An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was initially employed to explore the potential influence of Internet use on the cognitive ability of rural left-behind children. To meticulously address potential endogeneity, we employed the instrumental variable (IV) method. Additionally, we performed robustness checks using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to ensure the reliability of our findings.

Results

The findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between Internet usage and the cognitive ability of left-behind rural children. Notably, the impact of Internet use is more pronounced in girls than in boys among this demographic. Furthermore, a significant influence of Internet usage on the cognitive ability is observed in rural children aged 10–12, whereas no significant correlation is found for those aged 13–15. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial impact of Internet use on the cognitive ability of left-behind children with an absent father. In addition, the cognitive benefits associated with Internet use were notably more pronounced among rural left-behind children, especially when considering factors such as attendance at a demonstration school and parental concern for the child’s education.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between Internet usage and cognitive development in left-behind rural children. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and inclusive access to online resources for the development of rural left-behind children.
Design recommendations for XR-based motor rehabilitation exergames at home
Authors: Lorenz Emanuel A. , Bråten Støen Andreas , Lie Fridheim Magnus , Alsos Ole Andreas
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Acquired brain injuries pose significant societal and individual challenges worldwide. The adoption of XR technologies presents an opportunity to enhance current rehabilitation procedures. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific requirements of different user groups in XR-based rehabilitation remains incomplete. Our objective was to identify design recommendations for designers and researchers of XR-based exergames for motor rehabilitation for lower-limb motor recovery at home.

Methods: After initially conducting a mini-literature review and brief market analysis, we used a human-centered design process, interviewing central stakeholders to understand their perspectives and using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and insights related to XR-based rehabilitation.

Results: The resulting eight key themes for integrating XR-based exergames into acquired brain injuries (ABI) rehabilitation were safety, flexibility, efficacy, usability, technology, motivation, ownership, and social factors.

Conclusion: By addressing technical and user-oriented demands, our resulting design recommendations aid designers in developing meaningful XR-based rehabilitation exercises.
Neural Geometrodynamics, Complexity, and Plasticity: A Psychedelics Perspective
Authors: Ruffini Giulio , Lopez-Sola Edmundo , Vohryzek Jakub , Sanchez-Todo Roser
Published: January 2024

We explore the intersection of neural dynamics and the effects of psychedelics in light of distinct timescales in a framework integrating concepts from dynamics, complexity, and plasticity. We call this framework neural geometrodynamics for its parallels with general relativity’s description of the interplay of spacetime and matter. The geometry of trajectories within the dynamical landscape of “fast time” dynamics are shaped by the structure of a differential equation and its connectivity parameters, which themselves evolve over “slow time” driven by state-dependent and state-independent plasticity mechanisms. Finally, the adjustment of plasticity processes (metaplasticity) takes place in an “ultraslow” time scale. Psychedelics flatten the neural landscape, leading to heightened entropy and complexity of neural dynamics, as observed in neuroimaging and modeling studies linking increases in complexity with a disruption of functional integration. We highlight the relationship between criticality, the complexity of fast neural dynamics, and synaptic plasticity. Pathological, rigid, or “canalized” neural dynamics result in an ultrastable confined repertoire, allowing slower plastic changes to consolidate them further. However, under the influence of psychedelics, the destabilizing emergence of complex dynamics leads to a more fluid and adaptable neural state in a process that is amplified by the plasticity-enhancing effects of psychedelics. This shift manifests as an acute systemic increase of disorder and a possibly longer-lasting increase in complexity affecting both short-term dynamics and long-term plastic processes. Our framework offers a holistic perspective on the acute effects of these substances and their potential long-term impacts on neural structure and function.
Electric Submersible Pump Lifted Oil Field: Basic Model for Control, and Comparison of Simulation Tools
Authors: Lie Bernt
Published: January 2024

Optimal operation of petroleum production is important in a transition from energy systems based on fossil fuel to sustainable systems. One sub-process in petroleum production deals with transport from the (subsea) well-bore to a topside separator. Good control design for such operation requires a dynamic model of the petroleum flow from the well-bore to the separator. Here, such a dynamic model is considered for liquid production (oil/water) using an electric submersible pump (ESP) to aid in counteracting gravity and friction forces. Based on an existing model used for industrial control design, one goal is to report a complete dynamic model in a single paper. Emphasis is put on dimensionless equipment models for the simple change of units, and the model is developed from physical laws for easy replacement of sub-models, if needed. All the necessary information (equations, parameters) for model implementation is provided, and two candidate equation-based modeling languages are selected and compared: Modelica and ModelingToolkit [MTK] for Julia. The simulation results are virtually identical for the two languages and make sense from physics; however, there is a minor discrepancy in one plot—likely caused by slight differences in accuracy in handling initialization in the implicit algebraic equations. The implementation structures of the model in Modelica and MTK are similar. Modelica is a mature and excellent modeling tool, handles large-scale models, and has tools for producing C code and integration with other tools. MTK is still in rapid development, supports more model types than Modelica, and is integrated in an eco-system with excellent support for control design, optimization, model fitting, and more. To illustrate the suitability of using the developed model for control design, a simple PI controller is designed within the eco-system of MTK/Julia.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Secure Communication in Cognitive Radio Systems
Authors: Wang Xinshui , Wang Xu , Ge Jimin , Liu Zhibin , Ma Yuefeng , Li Xingwang
Published: January 2024

A reconfigurable intelligent reflective surface (RIS)-assisted cognitive radio (CR) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) secure communication system is considered. In the presence of an eavesdropper, a primary base station (PBS) and a cognitive base station (CBS) equipped with multiple antennas communicate to a primary user (PU) and a secondary user (SU), respectively. In order to maximize the achievable secrecy rate of the system, the secrecy rate maximization problem is first transformed into a secure energy efficiency (SEE) problem using an objective function. Then, the security energy efficiency of the system is maximized by jointly optimizing the transmit beam formation of the base station and the reflected beam formation of the smart reflecting surface under the conditions that the total transmitted power constraint and the interference power constraint are satisfied. To address the difficulty in solving the resulting optimization problem, we apply an algorithm based on alternating optimization and semidefinite relaxation, as well as Dinklbach’s algorithm, to solve the problem. Simulation results show that this method can significantly improve the safety energy efficiency of the system.
A Multi-Source Power System’s Load Frequency Control Utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Qu Zhengwei , Younis Waqar , Wang Yunjing , Georgievitch Popov Maxim
Published: January 2024

Electrical power networks consist of numerous energy control zones connected by tie-lines, with the addition of nonconventional sources resulting in considerable variations in tie-line power and frequency. Under these circumstances, a load frequency control (LFC) loop gives constancy and security to interconnected power systems (IPSs) by supplying all consumers with high-quality power at a nominal frequency and tie-line power change. This article proposes employing a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller to effectively control the frequency in a one-area multi-source power network comprising thermal, solar, wind, and fuel cells and in a thermal two-area tie-line IPS. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was utilized to tune the PID controller parameters, with the integral time absolute error being utilized as an objective function. The efficacy and stability of the PSO-PID controller methodology were further tested in various scenarios for proposed networks. The frequency fluctuations associated with the one-area multi-source power source and with the two-area tie-line IPS’s area 1 and area 2 frequency variations were 59.98 Hz, 59.81 Hz, and 60 Hz, respectively, and, in all other investigated scenarios, they were less than that of the traditional PID controller. The results clearly show that, in terms of frequency responses, the PSO-PID controller performs better than the conventional PID controller.
The Coordinated Power Control of Flexible DC Microgrids in Sustainably Optimized Yacht Marinas
Authors: Tavagnutti Andrea Alessia , Bertagna Serena , Dalle Feste Marco , Chiandone Massimiliano , Bosich Daniele , Bucci Vittorio , Sulligoi Giorgio
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, the industrial world is undergoing a disruptive transformation towards more environmentally sustainable solutions. In the blue economy, this new approach is not only expressed in the domain of actual vessels, but also in the development of charging infrastructure, displaying a notable transition towards more eco-friendly solutions. The key focus lies in adopting flexible power systems capable of integrating renewable energy sources and storage technologies. Such systems play a crucial role in enabling a shift towards low-emission maritime transport. The emissions reduction goal extends beyond onboard shipboard distribution systems, encompassing also the design of supplying platforms and marinas. This study explores the implementation of a controlled DC microgrid tailored to efficient management of power flows within a yacht marina. Once having established the interfaces for the vessels at berth, the integration between the vessels, the onshore photovoltaic plant and the battery storage unit is made possible thanks to the coordinated management of multiple power converters. The overarching goal is to curtail reliance on external energy sources. Within this DC microgrid framework, a centralized controller assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating the power sources and loads. This coordinated management is essential to achieve sustainable operations, ultimately leading to the reduction of emissions from both ships and onshore power plants.
Enhancing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Performance: Optimized Thermoelectric Generator-Integrated Heat Exchangers with Longitudinal Vortex Generators
Authors: Chung Yi-Cheng , Wu Chun-I
Published: January 2024

The effective utilization of renewable energy has become critical to technological advancement for the energetic transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable sources. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology, which generates electricity by leveraging the temperature differential between surface and deep ocean waters, enables stable power generation around the clock. In this domain, the combination of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and heat exchangers has exhibited immense potential for ameliorating the deficiencies of conventional OTEC. This study uses finite element numerical simulation of the COMSOL5.5 software to investigate the fluid dynamics characteristics of heat exchangers with flat fins and different types of longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) under the same number of fins. This research encompasses heat exchangers with rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal LVGs. Concurrently, the analysis examines how the vortices generated by the LVGs influence the thermoelectric performance of the TEGs. The results demonstrate that heat exchangers integrating flat fins and LVGs can enhance the power generation efficiency of TEGs. However, the pumping power required by the LVGs constrains the thermoelectric conversion efficiency. Compared to rectangular and triangular LVGs, trapezoidal LVGs achieve a superior balance between output and pumping power. Heat exchangers utilizing trapezoidal LVGs can attain the highest TEG thermoelectric conversion efficiency with a specific seawater flow velocity. Overall, these findings provide valuable reference information for applying TEGs and heat exchangers in OTEC design.
Photovoltaic-Based q-ZSI STATCOM with MDNESOGI Control Scheme for Mitigation of Harmonics
Authors: Nallaiyagounder Kanagaraj , Madhaiyan Vijayakumar , Murugesan Ramasamy , Aldosari Obaid
Published: January 2024

Static compensators (STATCOMs) are often used in distribution systems to enhance power quality. There is a need to enhance the performance of STATCOM to optimize its utilization and facilitate the provision of additional ancillary services. This paper employs the multilayer discrete noise-eliminating second order generalized integrator (MDNESOGI) to regulate the quasi-impedance source inverter (qZSI)-STATCOM for power exchange with the grid. Compared to conventional second-order generalized integrator (SOGI), MDNESOGI exhibits a higher capability for rejecting DC offset. In instances of abnormal grid operation or system malfunction, the inclusion of DC rejection capability enhances the robustness and reliability of the system. The suggested control algorithm only requires two integrators, three mathematical operators, and a damping factor, making it far easier to implement than transformation-based methods. The distorted load current is broken down into its active and reactive components using this control mechanism. The reference currents are then calculated by multiplying these parts by their corresponding voltage standards. The DC offset is reduced and transient oscillations in the weight component are eliminated by adjusting the damping factor. The suggested algorithm effectively handles power quality tasks like (a) reducing harmonic distortion, (b) compensating for reactive power, (c) adjusting for power factor, and (d) balancing the load under different conditions in the distribution system. The experimental study results are used to examine the stability of the proposed control scheme in both static and dynamic scenarios. In addition, a comparison to traditional methods is provided to demonstrate the new method’s superiority. Experimentation results show that the suggested controller is superior to its contemporaries in all scenarios where power quality is a factor, meeting the IEEE standard requirements.
New Insights into the Role of KLF10 in Tissue Fibrosis
Authors: Yaseen Uzma , Hwang Soonjae , Park Sangbin , Kim Soo-Bin , Lee Ho-Jae , Cha Ji-Young
Published: January 2024

Fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, disrupts normal tissue architecture, causes organ dysfunction, and contributes to numerous chronic diseases. This review focuses on Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10), a transcription factor significantly induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and its role in fibrosis pathogenesis and progression across various tissues. KLF10, initially identified as TGF-β-inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1), is involved in key biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Our analysis investigated KLF10 gene and protein structures, interaction partners, and context-dependent functions in fibrotic diseases. This review highlights recent findings that underscore KLF10 interaction with pivotal signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, and the modulation of gene expression in fibrotic tissues. We examined the dual role of KLF10 in promoting and inhibiting fibrosis depending on tissue type and fibrotic context. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting KLF10 in fibrotic diseases, based on its regulatory role in key pathogenic mechanisms. By consolidating current research, this review aims to enhance the understanding of the multifaceted role of KLF10 in fibrosis and stimulate further research into its potential as a therapeutic target in combating fibrotic diseases.
Effect of β-Estradiol on Adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 Cell Model of Prelamin A Accumulation
Authors: Cobelo-Gómez Silvia , Sánchez-Iglesias Sofía , Fernández-Pombo Antía , Araújo-Vilar David
Published: January 2024

The accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A has been suggested as one of the mechanisms responsible for the loss of fat in type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy due to variants in the LMNA gene. In this rare disease, fat loss appears in women after puberty, affecting sex-hormone-dependent anatomical areas. This study investigated the impact of 17-β-estradiol on adipogenesis in murine preadipocytes subjected to a pharmacologically induced accumulation of farnesylated and non-farnesylated prelamin A. To induce the accumulation of non-farnesylated or farnesylated prelamin A, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor 277 or the methyltransferase inhibitor N-acetyl-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine methylester. Subsequently, the cells were induced to undergo adipocyte differentiation in the presence or absence of 17-β-estradiol. Prelamin A accumulation was assessed through immunofluorescence, while real-time PCR and Western blot techniques were used to quantify several adipogenic genes and evaluate protein levels, respectively. The results showed that 17-β-estradiol increased adipogenesis, although the combination of this hormone plus farnesylated prelamin A led to a reduction in the number of mature adipocytes and the expression of the different genes involved in adipogenesis. In conclusion, the influence of farnesylated prelamin A accumulation on adipogenesis manifested only in the presence of estradiol. These in vitro findings suggest a potential mechanism that could explain the characteristic phenotype in women suffering type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy.
The Role of Glutamine Homeostasis in Emotional and Cognitive Functions
Authors: Baek Ji Hyeong , Park Hyeongchan , Kang Hyeju , Kim Rankyung , Kang Jae Soon , Kim Hyun Joon
Published: January 2024

Glutamine (Gln), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized de novo by glutamine synthetase (GS) in various organs. In the brain, GS is exclusively expressed in astrocytes under normal physiological conditions, producing Gln that takes part in glutamatergic neurotransmission through the glutamate (Glu)–Gln cycle. Because the Glu–Gln cycle and glutamatergic neurotransmission play a pivotal role in normal brain activity, maintaining Gln homeostasis in the brain is crucial. Recent findings indicated that a neuronal Gln deficiency in the medial prefrontal cortex in rodents led to depressive behaviors and mild cognitive impairment along with lower glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, exogenous Gln supplementation has been tested for its ability to overcome neuronal Gln deficiency and reverse abnormal behaviors induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Although evidence is accumulating as to how Gln supplementation contributes to normalizing glutamatergic neurotransmission and the Glu–Gln cycle, there are few reviews on this. In this review, we summarize recent evidence demonstrating that Gln supplementation ameliorates CIS-induced deleterious changes, including an imbalance of the Glu–Gln cycle, suggesting that Gln homeostasis is important for emotional and cognitive functions. This is the first review of detailed mechanistic studies on the effects of Gln supplementation on emotional and cognitive functions.
Advancements in Allergen Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Guo Bei-Cyuan , Wu Kang-Hsi , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Wen-Ya , Chang Yu-Jun , Lin Mao-Jen , Wu Han-Ping
Published: January 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects individuals of all age groups, manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms varying from mild to severe. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) involves the administration of allergen extracts and has emerged as a potential treatment strategy for modifying immune responses. Its pathogenesis involves epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome imbalance, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors. Existing treatment strategies encompass topical steroids to systemic agents, while AIT is under investigation as a potential immune-modifying alternative. Several studies have shown reductions in the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) scores, daily rescue medication use, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores following AIT. Biomarker changes include increased IgG4 levels and decreased eosinophil counts. This review provides valuable insights for future research and clinical practice, exploring AIT as a viable option for the management of AD.
RNA Activators of Stress Kinase PKR within Human Genes That Control Splicing or Translation Create Novel Targets for Hereditary Diseases
Authors: Kaempfer Raymond
Published: January 2024

Specific sequences within RNA encoded by human genes essential for survival possess the ability to activate the RNA-dependent stress kinase PKR, resulting in phosphorylation of its substrate, eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α), either to curb their mRNA translation or to enhance mRNA splicing. Thus, interferon-γ (IFNG) mRNA activates PKR through a 5′-terminal 203-nucleotide pseudoknot structure, thereby strongly downregulating its own translation and preventing a harmful hyper-inflammatory response. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) pre-mRNA encodes within the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) a 104-nucleotide RNA pseudoknot that activates PKR to enhance its splicing by an order of magnitude while leaving mRNA translation intact, thereby promoting effective TNF protein expression. Adult and fetal globin genes encode pre-mRNA structures that strongly activate PKR, leading to eIF2α phosphorylation that greatly enhances spliceosome assembly and splicing, yet also structures that silence PKR activation upon splicing to allow for unabated globin mRNA translation essential for life. Regulatory circuits resulting in each case from PKR activation were reviewed previously. Here, we analyze mutations within these genes created to delineate the RNA structures that activate PKR and to deconvolute their folding. Given the critical role of intragenic RNA activators of PKR in gene regulation, such mutations reveal novel potential RNA targets for human disease.
Phosphorylation of Thr-225 and Ser-262 on ERD7 Promotes Age-Dependent and Stress-Induced Leaf Senescence through the Regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Pan Xiaolu , Li Wei , Zhang Zenglin , Guo Yongfeng
Published: January 2024

As the final stage of leaf development, leaf senescence is affected by a variety of internal and external signals including age and environmental stresses. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of age-dependent leaf senescence, it is not clear how stress conditions induce a similar process. Here, we report the roles of a stress-responsive and senescence-induced gene, ERD7 (EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 7), in regulating both age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the leaves of erd7 mutant exhibited a significant delay in both age-dependent and stress-induced senescence, while transgenic plants overexpressing the gene exhibited an obvious accelerated leaf senescence. Furthermore, based on the results of LC-MS/MS and PRM quantitative analyses, we selected two phosphorylation sites, Thr-225 and Ser-262, which have a higher abundance during senescence, and demonstrated that they play a key role in the function of ERD7 in regulating senescence. Transgenic plants overexpressing the phospho-mimetic mutant of the activation segment residues ERD7T225D and ERD7T262D exhibited a significantly early senescence, while the inactivation segment ERD7T225A and ERD7T262A displayed a delayed senescence. Moreover, we found that ERD7 regulates ROS accumulation by enhancing the expression of AtrbohD and AtrbohF, which is dependent on the critical residues, i.e., Thr-225 and Ser-262. Our findings suggest that ERD7 is a positive regulator of senescence, which might function as a crosstalk hub between age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence.
Does Selection for Longevity in Acheta domesticus Involve Sirtuin Activity Modulation and Differential Response to Activators (Resveratrol and Nanodiamonds)?
Authors: Ziętara Patrycja , Flasz Barbara , Augustyniak Maria
Published: January 2024

Sirtuins, often called “longevity enzymes”, are pivotal in genome protection and DNA repair processes, offering insights into aging and longevity. This study delves into the potential impact of resveratrol (RV) and nanodiamonds (NDs) on sirtuin activity, focusing on two strains of house crickets (Acheta domesticus): the wild-type and long-lived strains. The general sirtuin activity was measured using colorimetric assays, while fluorescence assays assessed SIRT1 activity. Additionally, a DNA damage test and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were carried out. Experimental groups were fed diets containing either NDs or RV. Notably, the long-lived strain exhibited significantly higher sirtuin activity compared to the wild-type strain. Interestingly, this heightened sirtuin activity persisted even after exposure to RVs and NDs. These findings indicate that RV and NDs can potentially enhance sirtuin activity in house crickets, with a notable impact on the long-lived strain. This research sheds light on the intriguing potential of RV and NDs as sirtuin activators in house crickets. It might be a milestone for future investigations into sirtuin activity and its potential implications for longevity within the same species, laying the groundwork for broader applications in aging and lifespan extension research.
Functional Characterization of CsSWEET5a, a Cucumber Hexose Transporter That Mediates the Hexose Supply for Pollen Development and Rescues Male Fertility in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Liping , Tian Jiaxing , Zhang Feng , Song Shuhui , Cheng Bing , Liu Guangmin , Liu Huan , Zhao Xuezhi , Wang Yaqin , He Hongju
Published: January 2024

Pollen cells require large amounts of sugars from the anther to support their development, which is critical for plant sexual reproduction and crop yield. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have been shown to play an important role in the apoplasmic unloading of sugars from anther tissues into symplasmically isolated developing pollen cells and thereby affect the sugar supply for pollen development. However, among the 17 CsSWEET genes identified in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome, the CsSWEET gene involved in this process has not been identified. Here, a member of the SWEET gene family, CsSWEET5a, was identified and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR and β-glucuronidase expression analysis revealed that CsSWEET5a is highly expressed in the anthers and pollen cells of male cucumber flowers from the microsporocyte stage (stage 9) to the mature pollen stage (stage 12). Its subcellular localization indicated that the CsSWEET5a protein is localized to the plasma membrane. The heterologous expression assays in yeast demonstrated that CsSWEET5a encodes a hexose transporter that can complement both glucose and fructose transport deficiencies. CsSWEET5a can significantly rescue the pollen viability and fertility of atsweet8 mutant Arabidopsis plants. The possible role of CsSWEET5a in supplying hexose to developing pollen cells via the apoplast is also discussed.
Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Gangliosides Expressed in Brain Cancers
Authors: Biricioiu Maria Roxana , Sarbu Mirela , Ica Raluca , Vukelić Željka , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Zamfir Alina D.
Published: January 2024

Gangliosides are highly abundant in the human brain where they are involved in major biological events. In brain cancers, alterations of ganglioside pattern occur, some of which being correlated with neoplastic transformation, while others with tumor proliferation. Of all techniques, mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be one of the most effective in gangliosidomics, due to its ability to characterize heterogeneous mixtures and discover species with biomarker value. This review highlights the most significant achievements of MS in the analysis of gangliosides in human brain cancers. The first part presents the latest state of MS development in the discovery of ganglioside markers in primary brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on the ion mobility separation (IMS) MS and its contribution to the elucidation of the gangliosidome associated with aggressive tumors. The second part is focused on MS of gangliosides in brain metastases, highlighting the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS, microfluidics-MS and tandem MS to decipher and structurally characterize species involved in the metastatic process. In the end, several conclusions and perspectives are presented, among which the need for development of reliable software and a user-friendly structural database as a search platform in brain tumor diagnostics.