bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Acquired Hypothyroidism on the Growth and Metabolic Profiles of Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Monocentric Study
Authors: Malavolta Elena , Cammisa Ignazio , Rotunno Giulia , Pane Lucia Celeste , Arzilli Federica , Sodero Giorgio , Rigante Donato , Cipolla Clelia
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid dysfunction in childhood, resulting from the decreased biological activity of thyroid hormones in tissues. Pediatric patients with hypothyroidism, when left untreated or when thyroid hormone levels fail to normalize despite treatment, may exhibit various complications such as growth retardation, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. Aim: We conducted a monocentric retrospective study to evaluate potential differences in obesity rates and auxological parameters between healthy patients and children with hypothyroidism undergoing levothyroxine replacement therapy. Additionally, we examined possible differences in lipid and glucose metabolism between the two groups. Materials and Methods: We collected and analyzed data from the electronic medical records of 108 patients who were regularly followed up for thyroid dysfunction at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS from January 2016 to June 2024. We also included 104 healthy controls who underwent thyroid function testing during the same period, followed up in the same department for regular auxological check-ups. Results: Our findings revealed that patients with acquired hypothyroidism had a lower height z-score compared to healthy controls (t(210) = −2.6; p = 0.01). Additionally, they exhibited higher blood glucose and triglyceride levels, although these values remained within the normal range. Conclusions: We highlight the critical importance of the early diagnosis of hypothyroidism to initiate levothyroxine replacement therapy promptly and mitigate the long-term effects of hypothyroidism on children’s growth.
Exploring the Interactions Between Epidural Analgesia, Extubation and Reintubation Outcomes in Infants in Neonatal Care Units: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Visoiu Mihaela , Parry Stephanie , Augi Tyler H. , Lavage Danielle R. , Licata Scott E. , Turula Holly A. , Soliman Doreen E.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Continuous epidural analgesia is desirable for improving infant outcomes after surgeries. However, its contribution to facilitating extubation is not well known. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at the UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh to identify all infants who received an epidural catheter between 2018 and 2024 and required postsurgical admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The study examined the timing of extubation and reintubation, along with associated factors, in 100 infants who underwent major surgeries. Results: In total, 100 infants, 43 females and 57 males, 40 (38.39–42.07) weeks corrected gestational age, 3 (2.52–3.42) kg received epidural catheters. Sixty-two patients had a pulmonary condition. Of 45 infants extubated in the operating room, 32 received fentanyl intraoperatively, and 16 required a morphine infusion in the NICU. Among 55 infants that remained intubated, 24% underwent a thoracic procedure, 46 received intraoperatively fentanyl, and 21 needed an opioid infusion postoperatively. The extubation day was median (IQR) 2 (1–4), and 24% remained intubated beyond day 5. Twelve infants were intubated preoperatively, and six required prolonged ventilation beyond day 5. Of 15 infants that required reintubation, 8 received a morphine infusion. The medians (IQR) of the average of three pain and sedation scores before reintubation were 1.67 (1–3) and 0 (−1.67–0), respectively. Conclusions: Epidural analgesia may facilitate early extubation in some infants undergoing surgeries. Morphine infusion was administered at a similar rate between infants extubated and those who remained intubated, and its role in delaying extubation timing remains unclear.
Recent Advances in the Isolation Strategies of Plant-Derived Exosomes and Their Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Mun Jeong-Geon , Song Dong-Ha , Kee Ji-Ye , Han Yohan
Published: February 2025

Exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) derived from natural products are gaining attention as innovative therapeutic agents due to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and capability to transport bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These plant-derived ELNs exhibit structural similarities with mammalian exosomes, making them suitable for drug delivery, microbiome-targeted therapies, and regenerative medicine. Recent studies highlight their potential in treating cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Additionally, ELNs have applications in cosmetics, agriculture, and the food industry. This review combines the latest advancements in research on plant-derived ELNs, focusing on isolation techniques, pharmacological effects, and therapeutic applications. Although plant-derived ELNs offer promising opportunities, several challenges must be addressed, including standardization, large-scale production, and in vivo efficacy. By summarizing cutting-edge studies and suggesting future directions, we aim to inspire further development of plant-derived ELNs as next-generation therapeutic platforms.
A Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Simulation of Changes in Precipitation and Snowpack in a Warmer Climate over the Interior Western United States
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Geerts Bart , Liu Changhai , Jing Xiaoqin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impacts of climate change on precipitation and snowpack in the interior western United States (IWUS) using two sets of convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations. One simulation represents the ~1990 climate, and another represents an ~2050 climate using a pseudo-global warming approach. Climate perturbations for the future climate are given by the CMIP5 ensemble-mean global climate models under the high-end emission scenario. The study analyzes the projected changes in spatial patterns of seasonal precipitation and snowpack, with particular emphasis on the effects of elevation on orographic precipitation and snowpack changes in four key mountain ranges: the Montana Rockies, Greater Yellowstone area, Wasatch Range, and Colorado Rockies. The IWUS simulations reveal an increase in annual precipitation across the majority of the IWUS in this warmer climate, driven by more frequent heavy to extreme precipitation events. Winter precipitation is projected to increase across the domain, while summer precipitation is expected to decrease, particularly in the High Plains. Snow-to-precipitation ratios and snow water equivalent are expected to decrease, especially at lower elevations, while snowpack melt is projected to occur earlier by up to 26 days in the ~2050 climate, highlighting significant impacts on regional water resources and hydrological management.
Mental Health and Malocclusion: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alsulaiman Osama A. , Alghannam Maha I. , Almazroua Dalal M. , Alamri Abdulaziz S. , Shahin Suliman Y. , Nassar Essam A. , Almasoud Naif N. , Alsulaiman Abdulrahman T. , Alsulaiman Ahmed A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the relationship between malocclusion and anxiety and depression. While the physical implications of malocclusion are well documented, recent scholarship has shifted focus to examining the direct relationship between malocclusion and both anxiety and depression. It has been hypothesized that individuals with skeletal or dental malocclusion experience a range of psychological sequelae, including diminished quality of life (QoL), reduced oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), increased vulnerability and appearance-related bullying, and impaired body image. Furthermore, these factors are postulated to collectively contribute to overall mental health, with malocclusion potentially serving as a contributing etiological factor in the development of elevated levels of anxiety and depression. Contemporary scholarship has established a complex relationship between dentofacial deviations and the psychological well-being of affected individuals. Evidence shows that malocclusion may contribute to increased depression and anxiety levels in some individuals, influencing their social functioning and treatment-seeking behavior. Dentofacial disharmony has also been associated with altered self-perception, potentially impacting an individual’s OHQOL and overall quality of life. While the findings exhibit some inconsistency, a modest body of evidence indicates a possible correlation between pronounced skeletal or dental malocclusion and anxiety and depression. These adverse psychosocial impacts, in turn, contribute to an elevated risk of anxiety and depression, underscoring the far-reaching consequences of malocclusion beyond oral health. Therefore, clinicians need to consider these issues in their treatment plans, incorporating interdisciplinary approaches that address both orthodontic and psychological aspects of patient care.
Fabrication of PVTF Electroactive Coatings on PEEK Implant to Provide Surface Potential for Enhancing Osteogenesis
Authors: Yee Aotian , Xin Xin , Liu Haoqing , Ma Lanxue , Cheng Kui
Published: February 2025

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has gained significant attention in biomedical applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this work, the fabrication of electroactive poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVTF) coatings on PEEK surfaces to enhance osteogenesis is explored. PEEK substrates were prepared with different surface treatments to optimize adhesion, followed by PVTF coating through drop-casting and polarization. Morphological, chemical, and thermal characterizations revealed uniform β-phase crystallization in the PVTF layer, achieving a peak piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 16 pC/N under a 4 kV polarization voltage. Cell culture experiments demonstrated improved biocompatibility, with polarized surfaces showing enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. ALP activity, a key marker of osteogenesis, was significantly higher on polarized samples. Furthermore, the modified surfaces exhibited strong adhesion between PVTF and PEEK, as well as sustained surface potential in physiological conditions. These test results indicate that the PEEK/PVTF composite, with its enhanced electroactive properties and biocompatibility, shows great potential as an electroactive material for biomedical implants.
Tuning Dielectric Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Powders with B4C and TiC via Ti4+ Electron Binding Energy Optimization
Authors: Zhang Wenshu , Chang Hui , Dang Ning , Zhou Lian
Published: February 2025

In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) powder was uniformly mixed with B4C and TiC, respectively. Subsequently, the dielectric properties of the B4C/TC4 and TiC/TC4 composite powders were measured. Meanwhile, XPS analysis was used to deeply analyze different atoms in these samples to obtain the electron binding energy data of each atom. The experimental results show that even when there is no phase structure transformation between B4C, TiC, and TC4, the dielectric coefficient of the composite powder and the electron binding energy values of various elements still exhibit significant changes. When the mass ratio of B4C or TiC to TC4 reaches 1:30, the dielectric constant of the composite powder is significantly increased from 5 (the original TC4) to about 11 and 15, respectively. At the same time, the electron binding energy of the Ti element in TC4 also reaches the maximum value. In addition, due to the difference in electronegativity between B4C and TiC, during the process of compounding with TC4, the incorporation contents and the occurrence frequencies of abnormal dispersion phenomena are different. Specifically, when the ratio of B4C to TC4 is 1:30, abnormal dispersion occurs at a frequency of 9.5 GHz; however, when the ratio of TiC to TC4 is 1:20, the composite coating shows an abnormal dispersion phenomenon at 8.5 GHz.
The Numerical Simulation of a Non-Fullerene Thin-Film Organic Solar Cell with Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) Kesterite as a Hole Transport Layer Using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Meyer Edson L. , Jakalase Sindisiwe , Nqombolo Azile , Rono Nicholas , Agoro Mojeed A.
Published: February 2025

Global warming and environmental pollution due to the overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels are the main issues affecting humans’ well-being. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising candidates for providing human society with a clean and sustainable energy supply. Thin-film organic solar cells (TFOSCs) use organic semiconductors as light-absorbing layer materials. TFOSCs have attracted wide research interest due to several advantages, such as easy fabrication, affordability, light weight, and environmental friendliness. Over the years, TFOSCs have been dominated by donor–acceptor blends based on polymer donors and fullerene acceptors. However, a new class of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has gained prominence in TFOSCs owing to their significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of non-fullerene-based devices. In this study, the One-Dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) numerical simulator was used to study the performance of a device with a configuration of FTO/PDINO/PBDB-T/ITIC/CFTS/Al. Here, the PBDB-T/ITIC polymer blend represents poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2 ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo [1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo [1,2-c:4,5-c]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB)/3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetraki(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2,3-d]-s-indaceno [1,2-b:5,6-b]dithiophene) (ITIC) and the non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) and serves as the absorber layer. The electron transport layer (ETL) was 2,9-Bis[3-(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]anthra[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d’e’f’]diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10(2H,9H)-tetrone (PDINO), and Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) was used as a hole transport layer (HTL). This research article aims to address the global challenges of environmental pollution and global warming caused by the overuse of fossil fuels by exploring alternative energy solutions. Upon optimization, the device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.86%, a fill factor (FF) of 79.12%, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 33.19 mA cm−2, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.64 V. The results obtained can guide the fabrication of NFA-based TFOSCs in the near future.
Exploration of Sign Language Recognition Methods Based on Improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Jettanasen Chaiyan , Chiradeja Pathomthat
Published: February 2025

Gesture is a natural and intuitive means of interpersonal communication. Sign language recognition has become a hot topic in scientific research, holding significant importance and research value in fields such as deep learning, human–computer interaction, and pattern recognition. The sign language recognition process needs to ensure real-time performance and ease of deployment. Based on these two requirements, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5s-based sign language recognition algorithm. Firstly, the lightweight concept from ShuffleNetV2 was applied to achieve lightweight characteristics and improve the model’s deployability. The specific improvements are as follows: The algorithm achieved model size reduction by removing the Focus layer, using the ShuffleNetv2 algorithm, and then channel pruning YOLOv5 at the head of the neck layer. All the convolutional layers and the cross-stage partial bottleneck layer with three convolutional layers in the backbone network were replaced with ShuffleBlock, the spatial pyramid pooling layer and a subsequent cross-stage partial bottleneck layer structure with three convolutional layers were removed, and the cross-stage partial bottleneck layer module with three convolutional layers in the detection header section was replaced with a depth-separable convolutional module. Experimental results show that the parameters of the improved YOLOv5 algorithm decreased from 7.2 M to 0.72 M, and the inference speed decreased from 3.3 ms to 1.1 ms.
Skin Antiaging and Skin Health Benefits of Probiotic Intake Combined with Topical Ectoin and Sodium Hyaluronate: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Nobile Vincenzo , Hajat Cother , Cestone Enza , Cascella Federica , Santus Giacomo
Published: February 2025

Well-aging strategies include the use of both oral and topic products to nourish the skin from the inside out. A clinical–instrumental study was conducted on 96 Caucasian subjects with mild-to-moderate facial aging to demonstrate the efficacy of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum PBS067, Lactobacillus reuteri PBS072, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020) intake combined with topical ectoin and sodium hyaluronate. The skin sebum content, hydration and moisturization, profilometry (wrinkle depth and skin smoothness), TEWL, elasticity (R0 and R2 parameters), radiance, and pores (size and impurities) were measured after 4 and 8 weeks of product use. These parameters were also integrated through a self-assessment questionnaire to align the measured and the perceived efficacy. One hour after serum application, the wrinkle depth was reduced by 9.2%, while skin hydration increased by 16.6% and skin radiance by 19.1% following cream application. After 4 and 8 weeks of use, both the oral and topical products were shown to respect the skin’s hydrolipid film, effectively improve skin parameters associated with aging, and detoxify the skin from impurities. The mechanism behind these improvements was linked to an enhancement of the skin microbiome. Our findings clearly demonstrate the efficacy of probiotic intake combined with topical ectoin and sodium hyaluronate in enhancing skin health and mitigating the signs of skin aging.
Examining the Relationships Between Workplace Policies and Practices, PTSD, and Distress Among Working Parents During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Meeker Samantha A. , Modestino Alicia , Ladge Jamie , Molnar Beth E. , Lincoln Alisa K.
Published: February 2025

While the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mortality and morbidity is becoming more understood, the severity of the long-term effects remains unknown: this includes medical sequelae of long COVID but also the impact of the social and economic upheaval on population health. Working parents faced many challenges during the pandemic, and the impact of these on the mental health and well-being of parents has been demonstrated. However, the extent of trauma-related symptoms among working parents who have faced unique challenges related to the virus itself and the social and structural consequences of containment efforts remains underexamined. Using data from a national panel survey of fworking parents (n = 1941), we explored the relationship between workplace policies and practices and COVID-19-related PTSD and psychological distress. Results demonstrate that nearly 50% of working parents experienced COVID-19-related PTSD as measured by the Impact of Events Scale-6, and over 60% had moderate to high levels of psychological distress. We examined mechanisms to understand the impact of job support on employees’ levels of PTSD and distress and found that both socio-demographic factors and workplace support related to levels of PTSD and distress among working parents. Our study highlights the distress and PTSD levels experienced by working parents in the early stages of the pandemic, underscoring the impact of workplace support on mental health outcomes.
Data-Driven ANN-Based Predictive Modeling of Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-0.5Mo Steel: Impact of Composition and Service Temperature
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Tiwari Saurabh , Nagamani Molakatala , Kang Sung-Gyu , Reddy Nagireddy Gari Subba
Published: February 2025

The mechanical properties of steel are intricately connected to their composition and service temperature. Predicting these properties across different work temperatures using traditional statistical methods, algorithms, and equations is highly challenging due to these complex interdependencies. To address this, we developed an artificial-neural-network (ANN) model to elucidate the relationships between composition, temperature, and mechanical properties of 5Cr-0.5Mo steels. Our model demonstrated high accuracy, with minimal percentage errors in predicting YS, UTS, and El (%)—3.5%, 0.97%, and 1.9%, respectively. The ANN predictions are realistic and closely match the experimental results. We propose an easy-to-use model’s GUI to predict steel composition to achieve desired properties at any temperature. The ANN model’s findings offer valuable insights for researchers and designers, aiding in developing steel components with optimized properties. This technique is expected to significantly enhance the planning of practical experiments and improve material performance overall.
Design of Co0.85Se Microsphere-like Architectures for High-Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Rajesh John Anthuvan , Kwon Sang-Jun , Manikandan Ramu , Kang Soon-Hyung , Ahn Kwang-Soon
Published: February 2025

This study presents the synthesis of Co0.85Se microsphere-like structures on nickel foam (NF) substrates for high-performance HSC applications. The Co0.85Se microspheres were synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal process, yielding well-distributed—albeit non-uniform—structures on the NF substrate. The electrochemical performance of the Co0.85Se/NF electrode, evaluated in a three-electrode system, demonstrated remarkable characteristics, including a high specific capacity of 719 C g−¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and outstanding long-term cycling stability, with 87.1% capacity retention over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. To assess the practical applicability of the Co0.85Se/NF electrode, a hybrid supercapacitor device was assembled using activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode and Co0.85Se/NF as the positive electrode. The Co0.85Se/NF//AC HSC device exhibited remarkable electrochemical performance, achieving a high energy density of 66.6 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 849.3 W kg⁻¹. It also maintained excellent cycling stability over 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. These findings highlight the significant potential of Co0.85Se microsphere-like structures as high-performance electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors, paving the way for developing efficient energy storage technologies.
Effects of Low-Temperature Environment on the Mechanical Properties and Crystal Characteristics of Alkali-Slag-Cementitious Materials
Authors: Huang Guodong , Wang Chengcheng , Mei Houmin , Zhang Fengan , Lu Qi , Huang Yonghao , Chen Zijian
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the development of mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag under a low temperature was studied. The mechanism of the alkali-activated condensation reaction and the damage mechanism under a low-temperature environment were analyzed in detail. Further, the formation and growth characteristics of alkali-activated slag crystals in a low-temperature environment, as well as the microstructure formation, development, and evolution, were examined by microscopic analyses. Results showed that the early-age compressive strength of developed composites significantly decreased with decreasing curing temperature, while the later compressive strength development lagged. The lower the temperature, the more pronounced the lag phenomenon. At 0 °C, the 28-day compressive strength still reaches 38.7 MPa. At −10 °C, the condensation reaction can continue, and the compressive strength continues to develop. The low temperature inhibits the formation and growth of calcium silicate and aluminum silicate mineral crystals, resulting in a decreased efficiency of condensation reaction and continuous deterioration of microstructure, which leads to reduced compressive strength.
Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Renal Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Local Ablation Versus Radical Nephroureterectomy
Authors: Baer Blake R. , Matheny Meghan V. , Mercedes Raidizon H. , Raman Jay D.
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is typically managed through radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or local ablation (LA). Compared to RNU, LA offers nephron-sparing benefit for select patients but may present increased recurrence risk. This study primarily compares long-term differences between LA and RNU in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline, all-cause mortality, and need for dialysis. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database, examining patients with UTUC treated with RNU (n = 2007) or LA (n = 4172). Propensity score matching balanced both cohorts (n = 1965 per group). Risk ratios and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated over 10 years. (3) Results: At 10 years, LA preserved higher mean eGFR (53.49 vs. 46.72; p < 0.001) and lower mean creatinine (1.56 vs. 1.66; p = 0.017). However, LA held a higher incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (3.6% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.008) and all-cause mortality (26.7% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in rates of dialysis (p = 0.79). (4) Conclusions: RNU did not carry an increased risk of ESRD, advanced stages of CKD, need for renal dialysis, or overall mortality compared with LA. LA may delay but not totally prevent renal dysfunction when compared to RNU, and exhibits a more gradual timeline.
Liposclerosing Myxofibrous Tumor: A Separated Clinical Entity?
Authors: Pena-Burgos Eva Manuela , Serra del Carpio Gabriela , Tapia-Viñe Mar , Suárez-González Julia , Buño Ismael , Ortiz-Cruz Eduardo , Pozo-Kreilinger Jose Juan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumors (LSMFTs) have been described as an infrequent and peculiar fibrous dysplasia variant with a predilection for the intertrochanteric femoral region and are not globally considered a distinct tumor. Given their features, they may be confused with a variety of entities. Our aim is to analyze the clinical, radiological, histopathological and molecular features of LSMFTs. Material and Methods: We report 15 new LSMFT cases managed in our tertiary referral hospital and compare our findings with those of the 241 previous LSMFT cases published in the English medical literature. Results: In plain radiography and computerized tomography, LSMFTs are well-defined intraosseous lytic masses with peripheral sclerotic rims and variable amounts of internal calcifications. Histopathologically, LSFMTs consist of variable amounts of spindle cells, bone matrix, adipose tissue, and cystic spaces embedded in a predominantly fibromyxoid stroma. Molecular tests reveal GNAS and TP53 mutations. Conclusions: Knowledge of LSMFT and its typical radiological appearance with heterogeneous histopathological findings—especially in small biopsies—are key to preventing the misdiagnosis and overtreatment of affected patients.
A Multi-Agent and Attention-Aware Enhanced CNN-BiLSTM Model for Human Activity Recognition for Enhanced Disability Assistance
Authors: Khatun Mst Alema , Yousuf Mohammad Abu , Turna Taskin Noor , Azad AKM , Alyami Salem A. , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2025

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated human activity recognition (HAR) is essential in enhancing assistive technologies for disabled individuals, focusing on fall detection, tracking rehabilitation progress, and analyzing personalized movement patterns. It also significantly manages and grows multiple industries, such as surveillance, sports, and diagnosis. Methods: This paper proposes a novel strategy using a three-stage feature ensemble combining deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) for accurate and automatic classification of activity recognition. We develop a unique activity detection approach in this study by enhancing the state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) models with selective ML classifiers and an attention mechanism. Thus, we developed an ensemble activity recognition model, namely “Attention-CNN-BiLSTM with selective ML”. Results: Out of the nine ML models and four DL models, the top performers are selected and combined in three stages for feature extraction. The effectiveness of this three-stage ensemble strategy is evaluated utilizing various performance metrics and through three distinct experiments. Utilizing the publicly available datasets (i.e., the UCI-HAR dataset and WISDM), our approach has shown superior predictive accuracy (98.75% and 99.58%, respectively). When compared with other methods, namely CNN, LSTM, CNN-BiLSTM, and Attention-CNN-BiLSTM, our approach surpasses them in terms of effectiveness, accuracy, and practicability. Conclusions: We hope that this comprehensive activity recognition system may be augmented with an advanced disability monitoring and diagnosis system to facilitate predictive assistance and personalized rehabilitation strategies.
Malignant Meningiomas: From Diagnostics to Treatment
Authors: Rowbottom Hojka , Šmigoc Tomaž , Ravnik Janez
Published: February 2025

Meningiomas account for approximately 40% of all primary brain tumors, of which 1.5% are classified as grade 3. Whilst meningiomas are discovered on imaging with high-grade meningiomas being associated with certain imaging features, the final diagnosis is based on histopathology in combination with molecular markers. According to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), grade 3 should be assigned based on criteria for anaplastic meningiomas, which comprise malignant cytomorphology (anaplasia) that resembles carcinoma, high-grade sarcoma or melanoma; elevated mitotic activity; a TERT promoter mutation and/or a homozygous CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B deletion. Surgery remains the mainstay treatment modality for grade 3 meningiomas, followed by radiotherapy. Limited data are available on the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery and systemic therapy for grade 3 meningiomas; however, studies are underway. Despite optimal treatment, the estimated recurrence rate ranges between 50% and 95% with a 5-year survival rate of 66% and a 10-year estimated survival rate of 14% to 24%.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection in Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Revision Arthroplasties: Development and Validation of Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Di Matteo Vincenzo , Morandini Pierandrea , Savevski Victor , Grappiolo Guido , Loppini Mattia
Published: February 2025

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a significant and complex complication following total hip and knee arthroplasty. This study aims to design, validate, and assess a machine learning (ML) model for predicting the likelihood of PJI in individuals undergoing revision arthroplasty procedures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent hip or knee revision arthroplasty between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2021. Data were collected from preoperative clinical histories, laboratory results, and patient demographics. The final dataset was used to train multiple classification models for the preoperative prediction of PJI. Results: A total of 1360 patients were included, comprising 1141 cases in the aseptic group and 219 in the infected group. The best-performing model, a Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), demonstrated reasonable predictive capability for PJI, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.770 ± 0.008 in the training set and 0.730 ± 0.078 in the testing set. Additionally, three key predictors of PJI were identified. Conclusions: The Linear SVM model, developed using preoperative clinical information, exhibited reasonable performance in predicting PJI. While further refinement and validation are necessary, integrating ML tools into the preoperative evaluation process has the potential to enhance personalized risk assessment, support informed decision-making, and optimize surgical preparation for patients undergoing prosthetic revision surgery.
Acute Heart Failure and Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies: A Comprehensive Review and Critical Appraisal
Authors: Manzi Lina , Buongiorno Federica , Narciso Viviana , Florimonte Domenico , Forzano Imma , Castiello Domenico Simone , Sperandeo Luca , Paolillo Roberta , Verde Nicola , Spinelli Alessandra , Cristiano Stefano , Avvedimento Marisa , Canonico Mario Enrico , Bardi Luca , Giugliano Giuseppe , Gargiulo Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the rapid or gradual onset of symptoms and/or signs of heart failure (HF), leading to an unplanned hospital admission or an emergency department visit. AHF is the leading cause of hospitalization in patients over 65 years, thus significantly impacting public health care. However, its prognosis remains poor with high rates of mortality and rehospitalization. Many pre-existing cardiac conditions can lead to AHF, but it can also arise de novo due to acute events. Therefore, understanding AHF etiology could improve patient management and outcomes. Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), non-dilated cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), that frequently present with HF. Patients with CMPs are under-represented in AHF studies compared to other etiologies, and therefore therapeutic responses and prognoses remain unknown. In DCM, AHF represents the most frequent cause of death despite treatment improvements. Additionally, DCM is the first indication for heart transplant (HT) among young and middle-aged adults. In HCM, the progression to AHF is rare and more frequent in patients with concomitant severe left ventricle (LV) obstruction and hypertrophy or severe LV systolic dysfunction. HF is the natural evolution of patients with RCM and HF is associated with poor outcomes irrespective of RCM etiology. Furthermore, while the occurrence of AHF is rare among patients with ARVC, this condition in NDLVC patients is currently unknown. In this manuscript, we assessed the available evidence on AHF in patients with CMPs. Data on clinical presentation, therapeutic management, and clinical outcomes according to specific CMPs are limited. Future HF studies assessing the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of specific CMPs are warranted.
Microcirculatory Dysfunction and Its Role in Diagnosing Acute Rejection in Pediatric Heart Transplantation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rivero-Santana Borja , Balbacid-Domingo Enrique , Abelleira-Pardeiro César , Labrandero de Lera Carlos , Arreo del Val Viviana , Jiménez-Valero Santiago , Fernández-Velasco María , Moreno Raúl , Gutiérrez-Larraya Federico
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Acute rejection remains a major challenge in pediatric heart transplantation (HT), with limited tools for early diagnosis. In adult HT recipients, microcirculatory dysfunction, as measured by the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), has been identified as a potential biomarker of rejection. However, its role in pediatric populations is largely unexplored. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the association between coronary microcirculatory dysfunction and acute rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients, as well as its relationship with echocardiographic alterations. Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 10 pediatric HT recipients who underwent routine coronary angiography and endomyocardial biopsy. The IMR, coronary flow reserve (CFR), and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were assessed. Acute rejection was classified as either acute cellular rejection (ACR) or antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) based on ISHLT criteria. Echocardiographic parameters included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and diastolic function. Patients were followed for a median of 9.7 months [IQR: 7.0–11.7]. Results: Patients with a history of acute rejection (40%, n = 4) were exclusively found in the IMR ≥ 15 group (66.7%), while no cases were observed in the IMR < 15 group (0%; p = 0.04). During follow-up, only one patient experienced acute rejection, occurring in the IMR ≥ 15 group, although the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.39). Both LVEF and GLS were worse in patients with IMR ≥ 15 compared to IMR < 15 (62.5% vs. 76.3% and −17.3% vs. −18.8%, respectively), although these differences did not reach statistical significance. No complications were reported during coronary physiology assessment. Conclusions: Microcirculatory dysfunction, as measured by IMR, was significantly associated with a history of acute cellular rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients. While its predictive value for acute rejection during follow-up remains unclear due to the small sample size, this pilot study highlights the safety and feasibility of coronary physiology assessment in this population. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and establish pediatric-specific diagnostic thresholds.
Endometriosis in Adolescence: A Narrative Review of the Psychological and Clinical Implications
Authors: Panvino Fabiola , Paparella Roberto , Pisani Francesco , Tarani Francesca , Ferraguti Giampiero , Fiore Marco , Ardizzone Ignazio , Tarani Luigi
Published: February 2025

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting around 10% of women of reproductive age. This condition is associated with debilitating symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, and infertility. Adolescents with endometriosis face unique challenges, as the disease is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed for an average of 7–10 years due to its complex and multifactorial nature. Consequently, patients frequently suffer from worsening symptoms and significant psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. While there is no definitive cure for endometriosis, treatment approaches typically involve hormonal therapies, lifestyle adjustments (such as diet and exercise), and psychological support. Recent studies emphasize the profound impact of endometriosis on the mental health of adolescents, highlighting the need for a more holistic treatment approach that integrates both medical and psychological care. This narrative review explores the psychological and psychosocial effects of endometriosis in adolescents, examining the biological and psychological mechanisms linking the disease to mental health outcomes. It also discusses current therapeutic strategies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and peer support, and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care to mitigate both the physical and emotional burdens of the condition. This integrated approach is critical in improving the overall well-being and quality of life for adolescents living with endometriosis.
Integrated Control Method for STOVL UAV Based on RBF Neural Network and Nonlinear Dynamic Allocation
Authors: Ruan Shilong , An Shuaibin , Dong Zhe , Jin Zeyu , Liu Kai
Published: February 2025

A short takeoff and vertical landing unmanned aerial vehicle (STOVL UAV) is significantly influenced by factors such as the ship’s surface effect, deck motion, and jet effect during vertical landing on an aircraft carrier. The existing control logic cannot effectively solve the coupling problem of longitudinal attitude and trajectory, so it is hard to guarantee the stability and control accuracy of the UAV at low speed. To address the aforementioned interference and coupling problems, a comprehensive control law based on a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and nonlinear dynamic optimal allocation is designed in this paper. Firstly, the integrated landing control law of the STOVL UAV is designed. Considering the model uncertainty and complex landing environment, an RBFNN is used for online observation and compensation to improve the robustness of the system. Subsequently, a dynamic control allocation module based on nonlinear optimization is developed to simultaneously satisfy force and moment commands. The simulation results show that the integrated control method effectively decouples the pitch attitude and longitudinal trajectory at low speeds, resulting in effective convergence control of pitch angle, forward flight speed, and altitude. The integration of the RBFNN, as evaluated by the integral of absolute error (IAE), results in a 93% improvement in control accuracy compared to the integrated landing control law designed in this paper without the RBFNN integration.
Application of the Hill-Wheeler Formula in Statistical Models of Nuclear Fission: A Statistical–Mechanical Approach Based on Similarities with Semiconductor Physics
Authors: Maruyama Hirokazu
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a novel theoretical approach to understanding the statistical–mechanical similarities between nuclear fission phenomena and semiconductor physics. Using the Hill–Wheeler formula as a quantum mechanical distribution function and establishing its correspondence with the Fermi–Dirac distribution function, we analyzed nuclear fission processes for nine nuclides (232Th, 233U, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu, 242Pu, 241Am) using JENDL-5.0 data.
Helpless Rich Data: The Effect of Financial Openness with Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Cha H. E. , Wang Doo Kyun , Berg-Ridenour Sherryl
Published: February 2025

The literature on financial openness is rich, yet the selection of a suitable financial index remains a challenge. In this paper, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis (FA) are utilized to reduce the dimensionality of five publicly available financial openness indices. The results of the estimation are unexpected: PCA suggests a negative impact of financial openness on economic growth, while FA yields inconsistent results. Importantly, the negative impact of the institutional component on economic growth is statistically significant. These findings highlight the urgent need for proper institutional readiness to fully realize the benefits of financial openness.
Strategic Academic Research and Development: Definitions and Defining Case
Authors: Borden Victor , Torstrick Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Increased public scrutiny and accountability demands have pressured HEIs to demonstrate their value. This article explores one way that HEIs can respond—by practicing Strategic Academic Research and Development (SARD) to improve institutional effectiveness and equity. After reviewing common definitions for R&D, the article develops SARD as an alternate method and outlines how it was implemented in a multi-campus university’s transformation initiative to promote student success through data-driven, equity-focused interventions in college, graduation, and career readiness. The initiative involved substantial collaboration with K-12 schools, curriculum redesign, and career development support, with a focus on underserved student populations. The project used the “Insight Engine”, a research approach combining data analytics, qualitative research, and student feedback to refine academic and support services. Despite challenges such as leadership transitions and the complexity of managing large, decentralized organizations, the initiative emphasized collaborative engagement and fidelity in implementing strategic interventions. Lessons learned include the importance of scope manageability and stakeholder buy-in. The case study demonstrates the potential of SARD to create impactful, scalable changes in HEIs, advocating for deep, institution-wide collaboration as essential for sustaining improvements in education, research, and service missions.
Exploring the Impact of 3D Anatomy Applications on Academic Competencies in Medicine and Health Sciences
Authors: Baile José I. , González-Calderón María J. , Alemán-Escuela Daniel F. , Rabito-Alcón María F.
Published: February 2025

Anatomical study, rooted in tradition spanning centuries, has historically been based on the methodology of dissections and the use of book illustrations. Currently, various teaching methodologies have emerged for the training of health sciences students, among which 3D applications of anatomical models stand out. This study aims to investigate which 3D anatomy apps are most used by health science students and their perception of the usefulness of these apps for studying anatomy—specifically, to what extent they believe these apps contribute to the acquisition of academic, cognitive, and interaction competencies related to the anatomy course. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which 88 students from the fields of Medicine and other Health Sciences at several Spanish universities completed a survey that included questions about the use of 3D anatomy apps and the competencies outlined in the official anatomy course syllabus at Spanish universities. The results show that 3D anatomy apps are commonly used (74.2% of participants) and positively affect the students’ anatomical study, as most participants (84.95%) found these apps useful both in their learning process and for increasing their academic motivation. These apps seem to contribute much or very much to the acquisition of competencies related to the understanding of anatomical structure and morphology (81.82% and 78.79%, respectively), although their contribution to the study of anatomical function is less significant (21.21%). Remarkable results were also obtained in relation to the perceived contribution of other cognitive and interaction skills linked to the study of anatomy. For the first time, this study collected data on the use of 3D apps by Health Science students from Spanish universities. Furthermore, this study provides insight into which specific competencies are most benefited by the use of 3D anatomy apps, suggesting future improvements to these apps to enhance the acquisition of certain competencies, which will ultimately improve the teaching–learning process of anatomy through these applications.
Assessing Individual Contributions of Team Members to Team Achievement by Combining Peer Assessments and Digital Presence in an Academic Environment
Authors: Katsenos Ioannis , Pierrakeas Christos
Published: February 2025

When working in teams, the work of each team member is difficult to assess fairly because it is not often distinguishable in the final deliverable, and because when teamwork is applied, the final outcome isn’t just a simple summatioin of individual contributions. Steps towards more objective/fair student performance evaluation could be based on peer ranking of everyone’s work, and at the same time tracking contributions through digital traces in a digital collaborative environment. The objectives of this study were to cross-examine these methods and propose a simple and fair composite measure of individuals’ contributions to the team outcomes. Therefore, in this study, a Peer Contribution Score (PCS) is proposed, which is based on the ranking of each team member by his/her peers and is defined in a way that is comparable among teams of different sizes and number of equivalent team tasks. PCS was combined with the person’s overall digital presence in the Digital Collaborative Environment used for completing the team tasks. The results confirmed that PCS and Digital Presence were positively correlated as expected. The combination of PCS and Digital Presence for each person results in a categorization of the team members. This categorization can be used as an extra tool for the teacher, allowing for better insight into the students’ contributions to the team’s work, but not as a sole source of grades or an exclusive way to evaluate students.