bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital Discharge Records as Data Source to Monitor Epidemiologic Indicators of Hematologic Malignancies in Abruzzo
Authors: Vitullo Felice , Di Biagio Katiuscia , Murgano Adriano , Di Bartolomeo Paolo
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To test the feasibility of using hospital discharge records (HDR) to monitor frequency indicators of hematologic malignancies (HM) in Abruzzo, an Italian region without a cancer registry.

Methods

Hospital discharge records contain a primary diagnosis field for principal disease and 5 secondary diagnosis fields for other diseases related or not to the principal diagnosis. In order to build patient indicators of HM—non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], chronic lymphoid leukemia [CLL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], and chronic myeloid leukemia [CML])—residents with first ICD-9-CM code 200-208 in any HDR field, or only in primary field, were identified.

Results

Among 3,955 patients with first diagnosis of HM registered in primary or secondary fields of HDR in the 2009-2013 period, and never recognized in 2005-2008 (791/year) (60.5/100,000), patients with first HM only in primary field were 2,304 (461/year) (35.2/100,000): 42% were NHL, 34% leukemia, 16% MM, 8% HL. Patient percentage of 461/791/year (58%) (64% among ordinary HDR and 49% in day-hospital HDR) was 35% for CLL (28/81), 47% for MM (74/152), 50% for CML (16/32), 57% for HL (36/63), 62% for NHL (194/314), and 82% for ALL (18/22) and AML (64/78).

Conclusions

Applying the cancer registries national rate, expected new diagnoses of HM in Abruzzo are about 620/year (46.4/100,000), compared to HDR estimates of 461 and 791/year (primary/all diagnoses fields: 58%). Since this percentage varies between 35% and 82%, our findings on the 2 methods seem useful for a validation process in the starting Cancer Registry.
The Need for More Aggressive Therapy for Men with Gleason 9-10 Disease Compared to Gleason ≤8 High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Safdieh Joseph J. , Schwartz David , Weiner Joseph P. , Nwokedi Emmanuel , Schreiber David
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the outcomes of prostate cancer patients with high-risk disease stratified by Gleason Score (GS) (GS ≤8 vs GS ≥9) treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods

The medical records of patients who underwent EBRT between 2003 and 2011 and had nonmetastatic high-risk disease were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were treated with EBRT and all patients received a dose ≥7,560 cGy. Androgen deprivation therapy was given in most patients (90%).

Results

A total of 155 patients were identified (GS ≤8 n = 104, GS ≥9 n = 51), and they had a median presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 14.7 ng/mL. At a median follow-up of 69 months, the 7-year biochemical failure-free survival was 59.1% in those with GS ≥9 and 69.2% in those with GS ≤8 (p = 0.12). On MVA, Gleason 9-10 (HR 1.83, p = 0.08) was not associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, while a PSA >20 ng/mL (HR 2.39, p = 0.04) was associated with an increased likelihood of biochemical recurrence. Patients with GS ≥9 were noted to have worse 7-year distant metastatic-free survival (79.6% vs 90.5% p = 0.02) and cancer-specific survival (88.5% vs 97.9%, p = 0.006). On MVA, GS ≥9 was a significant indicator of distant metastatic failure and cancer-related death. Seven-year overall survival rates remained similar between the groups.

Conclusions

In this high-risk cohort, patients with GS 9-10 had significantly worse prostate cancer-related outcomes than other high-risk patients, suggesting that this group may warrant more aggressive treatment modalities than their high-risk counterparts.
The Role of Radiotherapy in Local Control of Nonextremity Ewing Sarcomas
Authors: Akagunduz Ozlem O. , Kamer Serra A. , Kececi Burcin , Demirag Bengu , Oniz Haldun , Kantar Mehmet , Cetingul Nazan , Sabah Dundar , Anacak Yavuz
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the results of radiotherapy and the prognostic factors affecting local control in nonextremity Ewing sarcomas.

Methods

Between 1995 and 2011, 44 patients with nonextremity Ewing sarcomas were treated with radiotherapy. Tumor localizations were pelvis in 23, spine in 13, thoracic region in 5, and cranium in 3 patients. Tumor size was ≥8 cm in 56.8% of patients. Distant metastases were present in 19 of the patients at the time of diagnosis (43.1%). All patients were treated with 12 weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiotherapy (45-54 Gy) or radiotherapy alone (54-64.8 Gy). Radiotherapy was applied due to microscopic residue (R1) in 5 patients after the operation and macroscopic tumor in 39 patients (macroscopic residue [R2] and nonresectable tumor).

Results

Median follow-up was 49 months (range 9-195). Local failures developed in 7 patients (15.9%) and local control at 5 years was 81.4%. Local recurrence was detected in 6 patients (6/38) who did not have residual tumor after RT. Progression was detected in 1 patient (1/6) who had residual tumor. All those patients with local failure experienced further distant metastases. Possible prognostic factors such as age (≤17 vs >17), tumor localization, tumor volume (≤8 cm vs >8 cm), and M status at diagnosis (0 vs 1) were not related to local control.

Conclusions

Radiotherapy, either alone or adjuvant to surgery, provides local control in 80% of nonextremity Ewing sarcomas and plays an important role in treatment.
Bilateral Ureteroarterial Fistula: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Melegari Sara , Paparella Stefano , Follini Matteo L. , Cappellano Francesco , Ciotti Mariano G. , Giollo Alessandro , Marzorati Giuliano , Airoldi Flavio , Losa Sergio , Verweij Fabrizio
Published: February 2016

Ureteral arterial fistula (UAF) is an uncommon condition characterized by a direct fistulous communication between a ureter and an iliac artery resulting in bleeding into the ureter, which can be massive and life-threatening because of hemodynamic instability, as confirmed by the high mortality rate (7-23% overall).

This condition is actually increasing in frequency because of its relation to predisposing factors such as vascular pathology, previous radiation therapy, previous surgery, and necessity of ureteral stenting. Diagnosis is often challenging, as in most patients, the only symptom is hematuria and the treatment may require a multidisciplinary approach, including the expertise of the urologist, vascular surgeon, and interventional radiologist. Endovascular approach offers advantages over open surgery decreasing morbidity (reduced risk of injury to adjacent structure) and shortening hospital staying. There is no consensus regarding the safety of intentional occlusion of the hypogastric artery: proximal occlusion of a hypogastric artery typically produces little or no clinical symptoms due to well-collateralized pelvic arterial networks. On the contrary, significant complications, such as colonic ischemia, spinal cord paralysis, buttock claudication, or erectile dysfunction, are well-recognized adverse events after hypogastric artery embolization, especially in bilateral cases. We describe our experience of a bilateral UAF treated with bilateral endvascular approach.
Stem Cells, Biomarkers and Genetic Profiling: Approaching Future Challenges in Urology
Authors: Mancini Mariangela , Zazzara Michele , Zattoni Filiberto
Published: February 2016

Urological research is facing future challenges, the most difficult one is the fast and meaningful transfer of the massive amount of data from research basic to clinical practice. Between the most important issues that research should focus in the next years are targeting of tumor stem cells, clinical application of biomarkers, and wide application of genetic profiling of urological neoplasms. Several clinical implications are expected, from diagnosis to selection of candidates for different treatment modalities, to modulation of sequential treatment plans, to prognosis. A number of clinical trials based on research data from the hottest issues are in the pipeline. In this review, we will focus on new insights from recent work worlwide in urological research, with particular attention to high-risk nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and kidney cancer. Cancer care is moving towards a personalized approach in patient management. The most important issues in urological research point strongly in this direction and show an enormous potential for the rapid landing of Urology in the era of personalized medicine.
Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer Decision-Making Process
Authors: Pugliese Dario , Palermo Giuseppe , Totaro Angelo , Bassi Pier Francesco , Pinto Francesco
Published: February 2016

Prostate cancer is the most common urologic neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in many developed countries. Given the highly heterogeneous behaviour of the disease, there is a great need for prognostic factors, in order to stratify the clinical risk and give the best treatment options to the patient. Clinical factors, such as prostate-specific antigen value and derivatives, and pathological factors, such as stage and Gleason grading, are well kown prognostic factors. Nomograms can provide useful prediction in each clinical sceario. The field of molecular biomarkers is briskly evolving towards personalized medicine. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, deletion of PTEN ed and gene panels are some of the more extensively explored molecular features in prostate cancer outcome prediction. In the near future, circulating tumour cells, exosomes and microRNAs could give us further, not invasive important tools.
Increased precision of growth data gained by reading multiple scales from each individual of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Haugen Thrond Oddvar , Borgstrøm Reidar , Jonsson Bror
Published: February 2016

The precision of growth estimates based on fish scales often remains uncertain because of withinindividual variation in scale size and scale patterns, and also due to measurement errors. Based on scale readings of Atlantic salmon, we show that errors decreased with number of times and number of scales read per fish. The annual number of scale circuli was not constant, but positively correlated with annual specific growth rates. Number of circuli deposited after the last winter correlated positively with sampling date. There was no significant relationship between mean inter-circuli distance and the total circuli number during the first and second year at sea. For growth estimation in scientific studies, we recommend the use of 4-5 scales per fish. Consideration should be given to both circuli number and inter-circuli distances when estimating growth rate instead of relying on inter-circuli distances only.
Nietzsche's Early Ethical Idealism
Authors: Church Jeffrey
Published: February 2016

Many recent scholars have interpreted Nietzsche as an ethical naturalist in the long tradition of Aristotle. This article challenges that interpretation by arguing that the early period Nietzsche is an ethical idealist in the tradition of Kant. I focus on the early period writings, since Nietzsche is clearest in them about the neo-Kantian influences on his thought, the meaninglessness of natural existence, his distinction between the ideal of humanity and the enslavement to our animality, and the ethical need for redemption to live a good life.
Assessing the Impacts of Land Use and land cover change on Pastoral Livestock Farming in South-Eastern Burkina Faso
Authors: KIMA Sophie A. , OKHIMAMHE A. A , KIEMA Andre
Published: February 2016

Conversion of pastures to cropland is one of the most important issues facing livestock farming in Burkina Faso. This study examined the impact of land use/cover change on pastoral livestock farming in Boulgou province between 1980 and 2013. Landsat satellite images (1989, 2001 and 2013) and socio-economic data were analysed. The interpretation of the classified Landsat images revealed an increase in cropland from 20.5% in 1989 to 36.7% in 2013. This resulted mainly from the conversion of woody savannah and shrub and grass savannah to cropland. Pastoral livestock farmers reported that the major drivers of vegetation loss were drought (95.1 %), population growth (91.8%), cropland increase (91.4%), extraction of fuel wood (69.8%) and increase in livestock population (65.4). These changes affect livestock farming through reduction of pasture, poor access to water and reduction of livestock mobility routes according to the farmers. This calls for regional and national policies to protect grazing areas in Burkina Faso that are similar to policies being implemented for forest and other types of vegetation cover in other countries. For such pastoral policies to be successful, issues concerning the mobility of livestock farmers must be enshrined into such policies and this study is an example of information source for these policies.
Institutional Arrangements and Management of Environmental Resources in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Sisay Nune , Soromessa Teshome , Teketay Demel
Published: February 2016

The study was conducted in three main eco-regions, namely Bale Mountains, South-West and Semien Eco-Regions in Ethiopia with the following objectives - to: (i) review the current institutional arrangements in terms of rights and responsibilities, planning system, capacity, and motivation of local communities for the management of environmental resources in Ethiopia in general, and the forest sector in particular and (ii) assess constraints for the successful implementation of policies/legislation, strategies, programs, projects and actions at a landscape level. Focus group discussion and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Purposive sampling method was employed to select respondents. Environmental resources conservation and management (ERCM) institutions considered in this study were agriculture and natural resources, water, irrigation and electricity, land and environmental protection, local administration, and road authorities. Within the above-mentioned institutions a total of 56 questionnaires were administered and 48 interviews were conducted. The results show that the capacity of the existing institutions is constrained by lack of clear rights and responsibilities, absence of common result framework, absence of common planning system, high staff turnover, absence of spatial planners and failure to respond to the demands of community-based organizations. The institutional arrangements need critical review and analyses in order to design responsible institutions for ERCM at all levels, which includes availing knowledgeable and all-rounded professionals at all levels, with proper incentive mechanisms, who would be able to cope with future challenges emanating from climate change and other social tensions.
Investigating Effective Components of Higher Education Marketing and Providing a Marketing Model for Iranian Private Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Kasmaee Roya Babaee , Nadi Mohammad Ali , Shahtalebi Badri
Published: February 2016

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to study and identify the effective components of higher education marketing and providing a marketing model for Iranian higher education private sector institutions.

Design/methodology/ approach- This study is a qualitative research. For identifying the effective components of higher education marketing and providing a marketing model the thematic analysis was used. First all the themes related to higher education marketing from the research references were collected and was analyzed by template analysis and thematic network methods.

Findings-The results of thematic analysis revealed that there are 2 dominant themes, 13 global themes, 40 organizing themes and 503 basic themes related to higher education marketing. The relationships between these themes are provided as a marketing model for Iranian private sector higher educational institutions.

Originality/value-There are few studies of higher education marketing in the Iranian higher education market. This study provides useful information about effective components of higher education marketing and marketing models.
Mitigating Consumptive Behavior: The Analysis of Learning Experiences of Housewives
Authors: Suparti Suparti
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinant of consumptive behavior by analyzing learning experiences of housewives as members of Family Welfare Movement (PKK) in Malang, East Java Indonesia. Financial literacy is defined as personal knowledge and capability in financial management. Sample of this study was 123 housewives and retrieved using convenience sampling method. The data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using path analysis. The results of this study show that financial literacy significantly affects consumptive behavior of housewife. It means that financial education has become an urgency to be held in formal education level. However socio-demographic factors (e.g. age, educational background, and working experiences) are not correlated with consumptive behavior of housewife. Therefore, financial literacy is the determinant of consumptive behavior of housewife. Thus, as learning experiences proxies, financial literacy and socio-demographic factors seem to be complement.
The Parents’ Parenting Patterns, Education, Jobs, and Assistance to Their Children in Watching Television, and Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Japar Muhammad
Published: February 2016

The objective of this present is to test the effects of the parents’ parenting patterns, education, jobs, and assistance to children in watching television on the children’s aggressive behavior. This present research employed a quantitative approach with an ex-post factor design. The data were collected from 175 parents of which the children showed aggressive behavior. The children were studying at formal and non-formal Early Age Children Education in Magelang city. The data were obtained using: 1) questionnaires: the parents’ parenting patterns, education, jobs, assistance to their children in watching television; 2) interviews: teachers to understand children with aggressive behavior, and 3) Observation: children with aggressive behavior. The data were then analyzed using statistical techniques: descriptive, regression, chi-square and t-test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant effect of parenting patterns, education, jobs, and assistance of the parents to the children in watching television on the children’s aggressive behavior. And there was a significant difference in the aggressive behavior between boys and girls where it is the boys who showed more aggressive behavior.
Provider category and quality of care in the Norwegian nursing home industry
Authors: Hole Astri Drange
Published: February 2016

This paper examines empirically if there is a link between quality of care in the Norwegian nursing home industry and exposure of the industry to competition. Exposing public care to competition implies that the responsibility for providing care services is shared between public authorities and private actors. In Norway, exposure to competition means tender competition. Suppliers bid for a contract issued by the Norwegian authorities for a limited number of years. Quality of care in an institution is the major competitive factor. The provider categories of elderly care are: 1) care provided by institutions run by municipalities, 2) care provided by institutions run by private companies, which have won a tender competition, 3) care provided by institutions run by private companies owned by private families, voluntary religious or idealistic organizations. Nurse-to-patient ratio is used as a proxy for quality of care. The regression analysis indicates a relationship between quality of care and exposure to competition. The quality of care in provider category 2 is significantly lower than in provider category 1, but there are more variations in the quality of care in provider category 1 than in provider category 2. We find the lowest quality of care in provider category 1. There is also a relationship between the quality of care in an institution and the educational level of the staff, the location, the workforce, and the size of an institution. Finally, there is a relationship between the quality of care in an institution and the real and the required capacity, and the financial status in a region.Published: Online February 2016. In print August 2016.
Validation of the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Instrument for Detection of Listeria Species with the SureTect Listeria Species PCR Assay
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Arizanova Julia , Crabtree David , Simpson Helen , Evans Katharine , Vaahtoranta Laura , Palomäki Jukka-Pekka , Artimo Paulus , Huang Feng , Liikanen Maria , Koskela Suvi , Chen Yi
Published: February 2016

The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria species Real-Time PCR Assay was certified during 2013 by the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested MethodsSM program as a rapid method for the detection of Listeria species from a wide range of food matrixes and surface samples. A method modification study was conducted in 2015 to extend the matrix claims of the product to a wider range of food matrixes. This report details the method modification study undertaken to extend the use of this PCR kit to the Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Fast PCR Instrument and Applied Biosystems RapidFinder™ Express 2.0 software allowing use of the assay on a 96-well format PCR cycler in addition to the current workflow, using the 24-well Thermo Scientific PikoReal™ PCR Instrument and Thermo Scientific SureTect software. The method modification study presented in this report was assessed by the AOAC-RI as being a level 2 method modification study, necessitating a method developer study on a representative range of food matrixes covering raw ground turkey, 2% fat pasteurized milk, and bagged lettuce as well as stainless steel surface samples. All testing was conducted in comparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6579:2002. No significant difference by probability of detection statistical analysis was found between the SureTect Listeria species PCR Assay or the ISO reference method methods for any of the three food matrixes and the surface samples analyzed during the study.
New Methods for Robotic Perception by Using in-Air Sonar Data
Authors: Giannoccaro Nicola Ivan , Spedicato Luigi
Published: February 2016

In recent years, the authors studied the possibility of using low frequency in-air ultrasonic sensors in several applications of robotic interest related to the perception and the reconstruction of the external environment.

They introduced several methods based on innovative mathematical tools for solving problems, such as the position detection and orientation of a mobile robot with respect to a corridor wall, the correct reconstruction of two orthogonal panels in spite of the effect of multiple reflections affecting the data in the corner zone, and the reconstruction of the boundary walls of a room environment.

All the proposed innovative strategies were tested on a designed mechatronic scanning system consisting of ultrasonic sensors rotated by a servo modular actuator and also with the data from a scanning validated model.

In this review, the main steps and achievements will be presented so as to summarize the research work of recent years as well as reflect on the importance of appropriate and innovative techniques regarding ultrasonic data processing. The originality of the present work concerns the possibility of disposing all the developed approaches as a whole in order to use in-air ultrasonic sensors for robotic perception in several environmental situations.
Actuator Fault Estimation and Reconfiguration Control for the Quad-Rotor Helicopter
Authors: Chen Fuyang , Lei Wen , Tao Gang , Jiang Bin
Published: February 2016

In this paper, an improved reconfiguration control scheme via an H∞ fault observer and adaptive control is studied for the quad-rotor helicopter with actuator faults. The bilinear problem is eliminated by constructing fault compensation and control law reconfiguration in the adaptive controller. Fault estimation is achieved by designing the fault observer with an H∞ performance index, which is applied to evaluate the ‘locking in place’ fault of the actuator in a quad-rotor helicopter. By drawing the H∞ performance index into the adaptive fault observer, an asymptotically convergent estimated error can be attained and the burden of the adaptive controller is alleviated. Some simulation and experimental results confirm the availability of the reconfiguration control scheme.
Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney: A Rare and Lethal Entity
Authors: Celli Romulo , Cai Guoping
Published: February 2016

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor represents a spectrum of undifferentiated tumors with similar biology that together represent the second most common sarcoma in the pediatric–young adult age range. Very rarely, this tumor presents as a primary neoplasm of the kidney. The clinical presentation of this tumor is not specific, and other renal tumors may present with a similar histologic appearance. Establishing the correct diagnosis is critical because renal Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor carries a strikingly dismal prognosis and thus dictates a specific treatment strategy. A low threshold for the use of ancillary molecular tests is recommended, particularly in diagnostically problematic cases. Important considerations with regards to morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular alterations will be reviewed here and should be taken into account before rendering this rare and lethal diagnosis.
Uterine Adenosarcoma
Authors: Pinto Andre , Howitt Brooke
Published: February 2016

Müllerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon biphasic tumor composed of malignant stromal and benign epithelial components. Morphologically, adenosarcoma is characterized by a broad leaflike architecture, reminiscent of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Periglandular cuffing of the stromal cells around the compressed or cystically dilated glands is characteristic. The mesenchymal component is typically a low-grade spindle cell sarcoma, whereas the epithelial counterpart is commonly endometrioid with frequent squamous or mucinous metaplasia and may, in some circumstances, show mild to moderate atypia. In all cases, it is important to assess for the presence of sarcomatous overgrowth and myometrial invasion, which are the prognostic factors. In this brief review, we present the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of adenosarcoma, as well as updates on the molecular biology of this neoplasm.
Clinical Validation of Anyplex II HPV HR Detection Test for Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea
Authors: Jung Sunkyung , Lee Byungdoo , Lee Kap No , Kim Yonggoo , Oh Eun-Jee
Published: February 2016

Context

The Anyplex II HPV HR detection kit (Seegene Inc, Seoul, Korea) is a new, multiplex, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect individual 14 high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types in a single tube.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical performance of the HPV HR kit in predicting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or worse in cervical cancer screening.

Design

We analyzed 1137 cervical samples in Huro Path medium (CelltraZone, Seoul, Korea) from Korean women. The clinical performance of the HPV HR kit was compared with Hybrid Capture 2 (Qiagen, Valencia, California) using the noninferiority score test in a routine cervical cancer screening setting. The intralaboratory and interlaboratory agreements of HPV HR were also evaluated.

Results

Overall agreement between the 2 assays was 92.4% (1051 of 1137) with a κ value of 0.787. Clinical sensitivity of HPV HR for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical intraepithelial lesions grade 2 or worse was 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.2–99.7) and 92.5% (95% CI, 84.3–100.0), respectively. The respective values for Hybrid Capture 2 were 93.1% (95% CI, 87.2–98.9) and 87.5% (95% CI, 77.3–99.7). Clinical sensitivity and specificity of HPV HR were not inferior to those of Hybrid Capture 2 (P = .005 and P = .04, respectively). The HPV HR showed good intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility at 98.0% (κ = 0.953) and 97.4% (κ = 0.940), respectively.

Conclusions

The HPV HR demonstrates comparable performance to the Hybrid Capture 2 test and can be useful for HPV-based cervical cancer screening testing.
Lung Transplantation: The State of the Airways
Authors: Husain Aliya N. , Garrity Edward R.
Published: February 2016

Context

Lung transplantation has become a viable option for definitive treatment of several end-stage lung diseases for which there are no other options available. However, long-term survival continues to be limited by chronic lung allograft dysfunction, which primarily affects the airways.

Objective

—To highlight the complications occurring mainly in the airways of the lung transplant recipient from the early to late posttransplant periods.

Data Sources

Review literature focusing on the airways in patients with lung transplants and clinical experience of the authors.

Conclusions

Postsurgical complications and infections of the airways have decreased because of better techniques and management. Acute cellular rejection of the airways can be distinguished from infection pathologically and on cultures. Separating small from large airways need not be an issue because both are risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans. Grading of airway rejection needs to be standardized. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction consists of both bronchiolitis obliterans and restrictive allograft syndrome, neither of which can be treated very effectively at present.
Gender variations in the effects of number of organizational memberships, number of social networking sites, and grade-point average on global social responsibility in Filipino university students
Authors: Lee Romeo B. , Baring Rito V. , Sta. Maria Madelene A.
Published: February 2016

The study seeks to estimate gender variations in the direct effects of (a) number of organizational memberships, (b) number of social networking sites (SNS), and (c) grade-point average (GPA) on global social responsibility (GSR); and in the indirect effects of (a) and of (b) through (c) on GSR. Cross-sectional survey data were drawn from questionnaire interviews involving 3,173 Filipino university students. Based on a path model, the three factors were tested to determine their inter-relationships and their relationships with GSR. The direct and total effects of the exogenous factors on the dependent variable are statistically significantly robust. The indirect effects of organizational memberships on GSR through GPA are also statistically significant, but the indirect effects of SNS on GSR through GPA are marginal. Men and women significantly differ only in terms of the total effects of their organizational memberships on GSR. The lack of broad gender variations in the effects of SNS, organizational memberships and GPA on GSR may be linked to the relatively homogenous characteristics and experiences of the university students interviewed. There is a need for more path models to better understand the predictors of GSR in local students.
Parents Perception of Communication Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Wolff Gabriela Stabel , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de
Published: February 2016

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a percepção dos pais sobre a ocorrência e fatores associados aos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos na primeira infância. Método: a partir de entrevistas com questionário estruturado, 75 pais de pré-escolares da região sul do Brasil foram entrevistados. Foram verificadas as variáveis: sexo, idade, número de filhos e conhecimentos sobre os distúrbios fonoaudiológicos, como idade para alterações de linguagem, conseqüência de problemas auditivos, conduta perante problemas fonoaudiológicos, o que os hábitos deletérios podem ocasionar nas crianças e conhecimentos a respeito da fonoaudiologia. Resultados: em caso de suspeita de alteração de fala, 46 (61,3%) dos pais buscariam avaliação com fonoaudiólogo e 37 (49,3%) o pediatra. Quanto maior o nível de escolaridade dos pais, mais estes tendem a considerar a faixa etária entre 4-5 anos como idade final para a aquisição fonológica e superação das alterações de fala relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da linguagem (p = 0,005). A relação de conhecimento dos pais sobre mamadeira e chupeta com a escolaridade dos mesmos não se mostrou estatisticamente significante (p = 0,549). Conclusão: os pais possuem conhecimentos convergentes com o preconizado na atualidade em relação à ocorrência e comorbidades associadas a dificuldades auditivas e aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem na primeira infância.
The Challenge of the Public Communication of Science Public Communication of Science in Brazil
Authors: Gallo Sophia Karlla Almeida Motta
Published: February 2016

A Tese de doutorado de Carlos Antonio Teixeira descreve e caracteriza concepções que coordenadores de programas de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva do Brasil têm acerca da divulgação científica enquanto expressão de comunicação pública da ciência. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, observacional, com abordagem qualitativa, o Autor chega e apresenta os resultados do estudo, contextualizando-os num mundo globalizado em que a informação circula sem fronteiras e a velocidade de sua renovação é exponencialmente aumentada com o uso das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação.
Between the capture and dissemination of data: the importance of the dnv and its adequate completion
Authors: Farias Maria do Carmo Andrade Duarte de , Oliveira Karla Maria Duarte Silva , Diniz Alcides Da Silva , Maia Paula Christianne Gomes Gouveia Souto , Abrantes Kennia Sibelly Marques de , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Valenti Vitor Engrácia
Published: February 2016

ResumoIntrodução: O Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) se propõe a captar e divulgar informações acerca dos nascidos vivos, da genitora, da gestação, do parto, do recém nascido; levando em consideração que a informação sobre os nascidos vivos de um país ou de determinada região é fundamental, pois os nascimentos fazem parte da composição de vários indicadores demográficos e epidemiológicos, como as taxas de mortalidade infantil, baixo peso ao nascer, natalidade e de fecundidade. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de comparar os dados contidos nas DNV (via Branca) frente aos divulgados no SINASC/DATASUS, no município de Cajazeiras, PB (2006-2010). Método: É um estudo descritivo, por meio de revisão das 3972 DNV de 2006 a 2010, arquivadas no setor da Vigilância Epidemiológica, e também dos dados divulgados no SINASC, relativos às mães residentes no referido município. resultados: Percebeu-se falha significativa no preenchimento da DNV e ambiguidades entre os dados SMS e DATASUS, comprometendo a confiabilidade e pondo em dúvida a precisão e completeza dos registros desse sistema de informação, frente aos da SMS. Desse modo, além de ter havido falha no preenchimento adequado da DNV no local do nascimento, houve falha na digitação eletrônica dos dados.Conclusão: Assim, os resultados apontam a necessidade em que a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde promova treinamentos e orientações para a pessoa responsável pelo preenchimento da DNV e pela digitação eletrônica do sistema, para se obter um total e correto preenchimento de todos os itens da DNV; enfatizando a importância deste documento e do seu preenchimento integral.
Food consumption among healthy and overweight adolescents
Authors: Vieira Mariana Vilela , Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar os hábitos e o consumo alimentar de adolescentes matriculados em duas escolas públicas da região oeste da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Método: Estudo tipo casocontrole que analisou o consumo alimentar de adolescentes eutróficos e com excesso de peso, pareados por idade e sexo, utilizando questionários de frequência alimentar e registro alimentar de 3 dias, comparados com o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e analisados peloSoftware Virtual Nutri. Resultados: a média de idade dos 130 adolescentes estudados foi 196,8 meses. As médias de IMC e de porcentagem de gordura corporal foram de 29,5 e 49,4% e 21,0 e 29,1% para os grupos de excesso de peso e eutróficos, respectivamente (p < 0,01). Entre os eutróficos a média de ingestão diária foi 1915,5 calorias, enquanto os adolescentes com excesso de peso ingeriram 1761,8 calorias. A maioria dos adolescentes realizou as três refeições principais: café da manhã (86%), almoço (98,9%) e jantar (96,8%). Para os adolescentes eutróficos os percentuais médios de energia consumidos foram de 56,7% para carboidratos, 15,4% para proteínas, e 27,9% para lipídeos, enquanto que o grupo com excesso de peso consumiu 52,7%, 17,1% e 30,2%, respectivamente. Conclusões: o hábito alimentar dos adolescentes vem sendo modificado, com o consumo cada vez maior de alimentos com pequena contribuição nutricional e que podem trazer grandes prejuízos à saúde, daí a necessidade da atuação dos profissionaisda saúde no sentido de orientar e sensibilizá-los para a importância de medidas que contribuam para a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável.
Motor development of brazilian breastfeeding infants in socially unfavorable condition of life
Authors: Mello Eduardo Queiroz de , Gallo Sophia Motta , Goulart Flavia Cristina , Herrero Dafne , Gallo Paulo Rogerio
Published: February 2016

Os primeiros anos de vida são de importância essencial para o desenvolvimento infantil. O desenvolvimento neurosensoriomotor de crianças, vivendo em condição de pobreza, pode ser prejudicado, sendo a detecção precoce de anormalidades essencial para um desenvolvimento saudável. Objetivo. Avaliar o uso da AIMS como instrumento de avaliação para detecção precoce de anormalidades. Método. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, realizado com lactentes brasileiros matriculados no “Programa educativo de promoção do crescimento e desenvolvimento”, do ambulatório de uma unidade de saúde gerenciada por um Hospital de referência do Sistema Público de Saúde, na Comunidade de Paraisópolis, São Paulo. A amostra (n = 71) foi composta por lactentes menores de 18 meses, eutróficos, de baixo risco biológico ao nascimento, nascidos de parto único, termo, peso ao nascer entre 2.000g e 4.500g, semassociação com patologias congênitas neurológicas, cardíacas ou ortopédicas no exame clinico. Resultados. Este estudo apresenta prevalência de atraso motor quando comparado com a população de referencia da AIMS. Primeiro, 8,5% dos lactentes foram classificados como mdA e 7% como dmS, além da categoria mdT conter 84,5% dos lactentes, a media do escore Z tem modificado o ponto central da distribuição padronizada, apenas 33,7% do grupo, isto e, 24 em 71, estão igual ou acima do Z = 0 (p < 0.05). Conclusão. A utilização da AIMS neste estudo foi eficiente na avaliação do desenvolvimento motor, prática, de baixo custo e rápida aplicação. Forneceu rápida visualização da posição do lactente. Característica que permite tomada de decisões oportunas pelos profissionais que integram as equipes de saúde.
Reflections on adolescence and health in the school environment
Authors: Bezerra Maria Augusta Rocha , Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira , Oliveira Karla Nayalle de Souza
Published: February 2016

A adolescência constitui importante fase do desenvolvimento humano, é marcada por características biopsicológicas peculiares relacionadas ao crescimento corporal, à maturação sexual e aos relacionamentos interpessoais, apresenta o contexto social como fator significante para a formação do adolescente/jovem como sujeito de valores e atitudes. Objetivo: identificar a abordagem dos temas saúde e adolescência junto a adolescentes de Escola Técnica Federal e discutir temáticas indicadas pelos sujeitos por meio de programa educativo, favorecendo reflexões para melhor vivenciar o adolescer. Método: o estudo teve como referencial teórico metodológico a pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida em escola federal, de Bom Jesus-PI, entre maio e junho/2010, tendo participado nove adolescentes. Resultados: os resultados evidenciaram que os estudantesapresentaram diferentes significados em relação à adolescência, ressaltando mudanças físicas e psicológicas. Demonstraram dúvidas acerca desta fase; consideraram os pares como as principais fontes de informação acerca da adolescência e saúde, embora percebessem a escola como local ideal para obtenção desses conhecimentos. Conclusão:enfatiza-se a necessidade premente de envolvimento de docentes e escola em debates sobre questões relativas ao adolescer e saúde, pois neste ambiente, adolescentes permanece a maior parte do tempo.
Study on capacitance–voltage characteristics of diamond field-effect transistors with NO2 hole doping and Al2O3 gate insulator layer
Authors: Kasu Makoto , Hirama Kazuyuki , Harada Kazuya , Oishi Toshiyuki
Published: February 2016

We study the capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of thermally stable high-performance diamond field-effect transistors (FETs) with NO2 hole doping and an Al2O3 gate insulator layer. We measured C–V characteristics and obtained the results reproducibly. Then, we fitted the experimental C–V results by solving the Poisson equations self-consistently, and determined the interface parameters such as the interface fixed charge and interface states. On the basis of the results, we constructed band diagrams of the metal–oxide–semiconductor structure in a diamond FET and explained the interface properties.
Investigation of channel mobility in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Chang Sung-Jae , Kang Hee-Sung , Lee Jae-Hoon , Yang Jie , Bhuiyan Maruf , Jo Young-Woo , Cui Sharon , Lee Jung-Hee , Ma Tso-Ping
Published: February 2016

We have investigated the channel mobility in the gated region of a set of high-quality AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resistances in the contact, access, and gated regions were extracted from straightforward I
D(V
G) measurements on sets of HEMTs with four different gate-to-drain distances. By correcting for the effects of the contact and access resistances, much more accurate effective mobility curves in the gated region, compared to those reported in the past, have been obtained. The maximum effective mobility in that region has been found to be 1100 cm2 V−1 s−1 at carrier density n
s = 7 × 1012 cm−2 at room temperature. We have extracted the mobility curves in a wide range of temperatures (80 to 520 K) and carrier concentrations (up to 1.3 × 1013 cm−2). Our systematic measurements have revealed various dominant scattering mechanisms as the temperature and carrier concentration change.
Detection of mercury(II) ion in water using an organic field-effect transistor with a cysteine-immobilized gold electrode
Authors: Minami Tsuyoshi , Minamiki Tsukuru , Tokito Shizuo
Published: February 2016

In this note, we report on the electrical detection of a mercury(II) ion (Hg2+) in water using an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). The fabricated OFET device possesses an extended-gate gold electrode functionalized with l-cysteine (known as a Hg2+ ligand). We have investigated the detection ability of the OFET by immersing the extended-gate electrode in an aqueous solution with various Hg2+ concentrations. As a result, we have successfully observed the decrease in the drain current of the OFET upon the addition of incremental amounts of Hg2+ in water. The limit of detection for Hg2+ in this device is estimated to be 31 ppb.
Turn-on analysis of silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors with emitter trenches
Authors: Machida Satoru , Yamashita Yusuke
Published: February 2016

In this study, we analyzed the turn-on of silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with an emitter trench. The tail of collector-to-emitter voltage during turn-on fluctuated when an emitter trench was inserted. Interestingly, the gate-to-collector capacitance of IGBTs with an emitter trench was lower than that without an emitter trench. The internal hole current distribution at the time of the tail of collector-to-emitter voltage was investigated by device simulation. The hole current was diverted, passing adjacent to the emitter trench. It was clarified that the fluctuation in the tail of collector-to-emitter voltage originates from a decrease in PNP transistor gain associated with this change of the hole current path. We demonstrated that this fluctuation in the tail of collector-to-emitter voltage can be suppressed by connecting the emitter trench to a gate electrode.
150 A SiC V-groove trench gate MOSFET with 6 × 6 mm2 chip size on a 150 mm C-face in-house epitaxial wafer
Authors: Saitoh Yu , Itoh Hironori , Wada Keiji , Sakai Mitsuhiko , Horii Taku , Hiratsuka Kenji , Tanaka So , Mikamura Yasuki
Published: February 2016

We report the successful demonstration of large current and high-speed switching properties of SiC V-groove trench gate MOSFETs (VMOSFETs). A drain current of 150 A (at V
DS = 2 V and V
GS = 18 V) and breakdown voltage of 960 V were achieved from a packaged 6 × 6 mm2 single chip. Moreover, short switching times of t
r = 81 ns and t
f = 32 ns were also obtained. To fabricate such VMOSFETs with high yield, highly uniform in-house epitaxial growth technology on a 150-mm-diameter wafer is also one of the keys, owing to its characteristic dependence on drift layer carrier concentration.
Al doping of 4H-SiC by laser irradiation to coated Al film and its application to junction barrier Schottky diode
Authors: Ikeda Akihiro , Sumina Rikuho , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Asano Tanemasa
Published: February 2016

Aluminum (Al) is doped into 4H-SiC by excimer laser irradiation to a coated Al film on the 4H-SiC surface. Deep (∼200 nm in the depth) and high-concentration (over 1 × 1021/cm3 on the surface) Al doping is realized by adjusting the Al film thickness for the laser fluence. Optical emission measurements clearly show that Al plasma is generated on and above the sample surface by laser irradiation. Surface morphology observation suggests that, under an optimum combination between Al thickness and laser fluence, high-temperature molten Al is formed on the 4H-SiC surface and the molten Al serves as the dopant source. We adopt this laser Al doping to fabricate a junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode. Selective doping is performed by using SiO2 as the doping mask. The fabrication is thoroughly carried out without heating the substrate except for film deposition and metal sintering processes. The fabricated JBS diode shows satisfactory operation as compared with a pn junction diode.