bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparedness of Sub-Saharan African Countries to Address Climate Change and Health Impact: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kilungo Aminata , Chukwuonye Godsgift N. , Okpanachi Victor , Hussein Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Climate change severely threatens global public health, with sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) projected to experience profound impacts. This scoping review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of current research on climate change and its health implications in SSA while identifying research gaps and outlining the necessary resources and policy interventions to strengthen public health resilience in the region. Literature was retrieved from four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) using the keywords “climate change,” “health,” and “sub-Saharan Africa”. A total of 7851 journal articles were identified from the initial search, and after screening, 153 studies were included for review. The included studies were published between January 2001 and August 2024. Although extensive studies have been conducted on extreme heat (71 studies), drought (45 studies), extreme precipitation events (52 studies), and flooding (34 studies), important themes such as air quality (10 studies), chemical water quality (8 studies) and natural disasters (8) have been understudied. Additionally, this scoping review revealed a geographical gap in climate change and health studies, as only 24 out of 53 countries in sub-Saharan Africa were represented. The key deficiencies identified include limited funding, technological constraints, inadequate climate policies, and a lack of community-focused adaptation plans. Moreover, this review highlights the urgent need for resilient healthcare systems capable of addressing climate-related health risks effectively. Addressing these gaps is essential for developing targeted strategies to mitigate climate change’s health impacts and increase resilience in SSA communities. This review aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders about critical areas requiring attention and investment by enhancing our understanding of these challenges and gaps. Strengthening research capacities, fostering collaboration, and implementing evidence-based policies are imperative steps toward achieving sustainable health outcomes in the face of a changing climate in sub-Saharan Africa.
Urinary prostaglandin metabolites as biomarkers for human labour: Insights into future predictors
Authors: Wood Eilidh M. , Hornaday Kylie K. , Newton Matthew , Wang Melinda , Wood Stephen L. , Slater Donna M.
Published: November 2024

Prostaglandins and other related molecules in the eicosanoid family have long been implicated in the process of both term and preterm labour. Although, exactly which eicosanoids are involved and whether they have utility as biomarkers for labour, remains to be shown. The objective of this study was to determine whether urinary prostaglandins and related molecules a) change with labour and/or cervical changes, at term and preterm, and/or b) are associated with timing of delivery in individuals with threatened preterm labour. Pregnant individuals were recruited into the following groups: n=32 term non-labour, n=49 term labour, n=15 preterm non-labour controls, n=43 threatened preterm labour with preterm delivery, and n=44 threatened preterm labour with term delivery. Metabolites of prostaglandins PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2, and PGI2as well as 8-isoprostane were measured by ELISA. In addition, 147 eicosanoids were measured in a small (n=24) subset of these samples using a mass-spectrometry based targeted lipidomics panel. At term labour prostaglandin PGF2αand PGE2and PGF2αmetabolites were increased compared to term non-labour. There were no changes in any prostaglandin metabolites prior to labour onset. Prostaglandin I2metabolite was lower in individuals with threatened preterm labour who delivered preterm compared to those who went on to deliver at term. In our discovery cohort, we identified 20 additional eicosanoids as highly expressed in maternal urine, include members of the prostaglandin, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid (DiHOME), dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (diHETrE), isoprostane, and nitro fatty acid eicosanoid families. In conclusion, we did not identify any prostaglandins that would have utility as predictors for term or preterm labour, however, we have identified diverse eicosanoids that have not been previously explored in the context of pregnancy and labour, highlighting novel areas for biomarker research.
Length of ischemic time is critical for accurate determination of homologous recombination capacity by immunostaining in FFPE tumor samples
Authors: Karagöz Ezgi , Pikkusaari Sanna , Tumiati Manuela , Virtanen Anni , Salko Matilda , Härkönen Anni , Kanerva Anna , Koskela Heidi , Tapper Johanna , Koivisto-Korander Riitta , Joutsiniemi Titta , Haltia Ulla-Maija , Lassus Heini , Färkkilä Anniina , Hynninen Johanna , Hietanen Sakari , Kauppi Liisa
Published: November 2024

Homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors compared to their homologous recombination-proficient counterparts. To match the right drug with the right patient the HRD status must be accurately determined. Functional HRD assays, which assess HRD status by quantifying RAD51, a key homologous recombination (HR) protein, are a promising approach for identifying HRD cases. However, these tests are yet to be optimized for pre-analytical variables, specifically HGSC tissue sampling protocols, which can impact RAD51 signal measurement. In this study, we systematically analyzed the impact of ischemic time on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded HGSC specimens. We demonstrate that the maximum length of ischemic time compatible with accurate HRD calls is 2 hours post-excision. Our findings highlight the importance of properly monitoring and recording sample handling processes, particularly in HGSC, and warrant caution when using archival tumor material where this information is unavailable. Non-optimal pre-analytical factors like ischemic time can cause false HRD calls, thus leading to incorrect patient stratification, which may result in the initiation of treatments with potential side effects without a therapeutic benefit.
Open Source, Open Science: Development of OpenLESS as the Automated Landing Error Scoring System
Authors: Turner Jeffrey A. , Reiche Elaine T. , Hartshorne Matthew T. , Lee Connor C. , Blodgett Joanna M. , Padua Darin A.
Published: November 2024

Context

The Open Landing Error Scoring System (OpenLESS) is a novel development aimed at automating the LESS for assessment of lower extremity movement quality during a jump-landing task. With increasing utilization of clinical measures to monitor outcomes and limited time during clinical visits for a lengthy analysis of functional movement, there is a pressing need to extend automation efforts. Addressing these issues, OpenLESS is an open-source tool that utilizes a freely available markerless motion capture system to automate the LESS using three-dimensional kinematics.

Objective

To describe the development of OpenLESS, examine the validity against expert rater LESS scores in healthy and clinically relevant cohorts, and assess the intersession reliability collected across four time points in an athlete cohort.

Design

Observational

Participants

92 participants (72 females and 20 males, mean age 23.3 years) from healthy, post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR; median 33 months since surgery), and amateur athlete cohorts.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

A software package, “OpenLESS,” was developed to interpret movement quality (LESS score) from kinematics captured from markerless motion capture. Validity and reliability were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measure (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC).

Results

OpenLESS agreed well with expert rater LESS scores for healthy (ICC2,k=0.79) and clinically relevant, post-ACLR cohorts (ICC2,k=0.88). The automated OpenLESS system reduced scoring time, processing all 159 trials in under 15 minutes compared to the 18.5 hours (7 minutes per trial) required for manual expert rater scoring. When tested outside laboratory conditions, OpenLESS showed excellent reliability across repeated sessions (ICC2,k>0.89), with a SEM of 0.98 errors and MDC of 2.72 errors.

Conclusion

OpenLESS shows promise as an efficient, automated tool for clinically assessing jump-landing quality, with good validity versus experts in healthy and post-ACLR populations, and excellent field reliability, addressing the need for objective movement analysis.

KEY POINTS

OpenLESS accurately detected jump-landing events (ICC>0.99) using markerless motion capture, validating its use as an alternative to laboratory-based force plate measurements.

The automated scoring system showed good agreement with expert raters in healthy (ICC=0.79) and post-ACLR (ICC=0.88) populations.

OpenLESS demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.89) across multiple testing sessions, with minimal score variation, supporting its utility for longitudinal movement assessment.
The adaptation of chlamydiae to facultative host multicellularity
Authors: Helmlinger Lukas , Arthofer Patrick , Cyran Norbert , Collingro Astrid , Horn Matthias
Published: November 2024

The phylum Chlamydiota consists of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising the human pathogenChlamydia trachomatisand a large variety of species infecting animals and protists. Despite their enormous diversity, a feature shared by all known chlamydiae is their biphasic developmental cycle, consisting of intra- and extracellular stages with substantial differences in morphology and physiology. A similarly remarkable shift occurs in the amoebaDictyostelium discoideumand related dictyostelids in their so-called social life cycle, leading to the formation of spores through aggregation of vegetative trophozoites and the development of multicellular fruiting bodies. Although dictyostelids undergo symbioses with various bacteria, chlamydiae have only recently been found to be associated with this host. Here we report the isolation of aDictyostelium giganteumstrain naturally infected with a chlamydial symbiont, identified as a novel species,Reclusachlamydia socialis. The symbiont is retained in all stages of the host’s social life cycle and notably lacks an extracellular form. Combining fluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR we showed that transmission is entirely dependent on cell-to-cell contact during the host aggregation stage. The absence of an extracellular stage is further supported by transmission electron microscopy and the lack of genes essential for chlamydial developmental cycle regulation and extracellular survival. This unprecedented variation of a highly conserved developmental feature that evolved more than a billion years ago illustrates the remarkable adaptability of chlamydiae. This study adds to our understanding of endosymbiosis in the face of facultative multicellularity.
Decoupling of GABA and Glutamine-Glutamate Dynamics and their role in tactile perception: An fMRS Study
Authors: Pasanta Duanghathai , Powell Helen , Hafeez Nauman , Lythgoe David J , Puts Nicolaas A
Published: November 2024

Tactile processing is fundamental for our daily lives. In particular, adaptation, the mechanism by which neural (and behavioural) responses change due to repeated stimulation, is key in adjusting our responses to the environment and is often affected in neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism and ADHD. While GABA and glutamate—the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters— are known to be fundamental for encoding sensory input, we know little regarding the dynamic responses of the GABA and glutamatergic systems during tactile processing. Here, we examine how GABA and glutamine+glutamate (Glx)in vivodynamics change during repetitive tactile stimulation and how these changes relate to tactile perception in a healthy population, using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS). Our study showed that repetitive tactile stimulation induced a decoupling between GABA and Glx during the first stimulation blocks as suggested by a negative correlation between GABA and Glx, which changed from a positive correlation at baseline. Subsequently, a multivariate time series analysis showed a predictive temporal relationship between Glx and GABA, showing that changes in these metabolites are temporally linked with an estimated lag of 6 seconds informing on a complex metabolite response function. The absence of gross metabolite change suggests that Glx and GABA adjust in relation to each other in response to repeated tactile stimulation. Furthermore, individual differences in the changed GABA and Glx levels correlated with perceptual measures of touch. Together, our study highlights the complex relationship between GABA and glutamate in tactile processing and demonstrates that experience-dependence plasticity induces a decoupling between these key metabolites. Further study into their dynamic interplay may be key to understanding adaptation as meso-levels in the brain and how these mechanisms differ in neurodevelopmental and neurological conditions.
Discovery of alternative stable states in a synthetic human gut microbial community
Authors: Garza Daniel , Liu Bin , Velde Charlotte van de , Saha Pallabita , Zhou Xingjian , Gonze Didier , Simoens Kenneth , Bernaerts Kristel , Faust Karoline
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Several human-associated microbial communities exist in multiple configurations and can change their composition in response to perturbations, remaining in an altered state even after the perturbation ends. Multistability has been previously proposed to explain this behavior for gut microbiota in particular, but has not been clearly demonstrated experimentally. Here, we first investigated the life history strategies of three common human gut bacteria to identify mechanisms driving alternative states. We then used this data to build and parameterize a kinetic model, which predicted that alternative states emerge due to phenotype switching between subpopulations of the same species. Perturbation experiments supported these predictions, and confirmed the existence of alternative states. Finally, simulations showed that phenotype switching can also explain alternative states in larger communities. Thus, a transient perturbation combined with metabolic flexibility is sufficient for alternative communities to emerge, implying that they are not necessarily explained by differences between individuals.

One-Sentence Summary

We demonstrate the existence of alternative states in a human gut microbial community and propose phenotype switching as a mechanism explaining their emergence.
Structural basis for phosphatidylcholine synthesis by bacterial phospholipidN-methyltransferases
Authors: Watanabe Yasunori , Kumeta Hiroyuki , Watanabe Seiya
Published: November 2024

In phosphatidylcholine (PC)-containing bacteria, PC is synthesized by phospholipidN-methyltransferases (Pmts) and plays an important role in the interactions between symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria and their eukaryotic host cells. Pmts catalyze the SAM dependent three methylation reactions of the head group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to form PC through monomethyl PE and dimethyl PE. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying PC biosynthesis by PmtA remain largely unclear, owing to the lack of structural information. Here, we determined the crystal structures ofAgrobacterium tumefaciensPmt (AtPmtA) in complex with SAH or 5′-methylthioadenosine. Crystal structures and NMR analysis revealed the binding mode of AtPmtA to SAH in solution. Structure-based mutational analyses showed that a conserved tyrosine residue in the substrate-binding groove is involved in methylation. Furthermore, we showed that differences in substrate specificity among Pmt homologs were determined by whether the amino acid residues comprising the substrate-binding groove were isoleucine or phenylalanine. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding the mechanisms underlying Pmts-mediated PC biosynthesis.
Spatial Flux Balance Analysis reveals tissue-of-origin and spatially dependent metabolic rewiring in renal and colorectal cancer
Authors: Maspero Davide , Marteletto Giovanni , Lapi Francesco , Galuzzi Bruno G. , Ruano Irene , Vandenbosch Ben , Yin Ke , Tejpar Sabine , Graudenzi Alex , Heyn Holger , Pascual-Reguant Anna , Damiani Chiara
Published: November 2024

1

Spatial metabolomics holds great promise for unraveling the complexities of metabolic reprogramming in cancer, yet its development lags behind the rapid progress of spatial transcriptomics (ST). To bridge this gap and maximize the value of spatial gene expression datasets, we present Spatial Flux Balance Analysis (spFBA), a novel framework that transcends the limitations of existing gene set enrichment methods. The spFBA approach builds upon previous work designed for bulk and single-cell data to return Flux Enrichment Scores, up to the level of single reactions, that can distinguish their preferred directional usage retaining spatial resolution. spFBA integrates differential constraints on flux boundaries in steady-state metabolic modeling, informed by spatial gene expression, and utilizes corner-based flux sampling.

We first tuned and validated spFBA using a publicly available 10x Visium ST dataset from renal cancer samples at the tumor-normal tissue interface. spFBA demonstrated the ability to recapitulate the tissue architecture in renal tumor sections, clearly delineating sustained metabolic growth in the tumor core compared to adjacent normal renal parenchyma. Furthermore, spFBA captured the Warburg effect, revealing distinct metabolic subpopulations within the tumor core, while highlighting lactate excretion as a hallmark across all subpopulations. We then applied spFBA to our own high-resolution ST datasets generated with stereo-seq from a colon cancer patient, including both primary tumor and liver metastases. Unlike the renal case, spFBA uncovered extensive areas of tumor cells consuming lactate in both primary and metastatic sites, with stromal regions in liver metastases producing lactate, suggesting a reverse Warburg effect at play.

These findings highlight that cancer metabolic rewiring and the tumor composition of metabolic subpopulations depend highly on the tissue of origin and the spatial context within the target organ. spFBA emerges as a powerful tool to leverage the rapidly growing collection of spatial gene expression data, offering unprecedented insights into the intricate metabolic landscape of cancer.
Smart 3D super-resolution microscopy reveals the architecture of the RNA scaffold in a nuclear body
Authors: Berrevoets Enya S. , Kessler Laurell F. , Balakrishnan Ashwin , Müller-McNicoll Michaela , Rieger Bernd , Stallinga Sjoerd , Heilemann Mike
Published: November 2024

Small subcellular organelles orchestrate key cellular functions. How biomolecules are spatially organized within these assemblies is poorly understood. Here, we report an automated super- resolution imaging and analysis workflow that integrates confocal microscopy, morphological object screening, targeted 3D super-resolution STED microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Using this smart microscopy workflow, we targeted the 3D organization of an architectural RNA that constitutes the structural backbone of paraspeckles, a membraneless nuclear organelle. Using site-specific labeling, morphological sorting and particle averaging, we reconstructed the morphological space of paraspeckles along their development cycle from over 10,000 individual particles. Applying spherical harmonics analysis, we report so-far unknown heterotypes of RNA organization. By integrating multi- positional labeling, we determined the coarse conformation of the RNA within the organelle and found the 3’ end forming a loop-like structure at the surface of the paraspeckle. Our study reveals key structural features of nuclear paraspeckle structure and growth, as well as on the molecular organization of the scaffold RNA.
Gene network topology drives the mutational landscape of gene expression
Authors: Le Rouzic Arnaud , Pouzet Sylvain
Published: November 2024

Regulatory mutations, coding sequence alterations, and gene deletions and duplications are generally expected to have qualitatively different effects on fitness. We aim to ground this expectation within a theoretical framework using evolutionary simulations of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlling the expression of fitness-related genes. We examined the distribution of fitness effects as a function of the type of mutation and the topology of the gene network. Contrary to our expectation, the GRN topology had more influence on the effect of mutations than the type of mutation itself. In particular, the topology conditioned (i) the speed of adaptation, (ii) the distribution of fitness effects, and (iii) the degree of pleiotropy, acting as explanatory factor for all mutation types. All mutations had the potential to participate in adaptation, although their propensity to generate beneficial variants differed according to the network topology. In scale-free networks, the most common topology for biological networks, coding mutations were more pleiotropic and overrepresented in both beneficial and deleterious mutations, while regulatory mutations were more often neutral. However, this observation was not general, as this pattern was reversed in alternative networks. These results highlight the critical role of network topology in defining mutations' contributions to adaptation.
Trade-off between sample volume passaged and number of passages during serial dilution for bacterial enumeration
Authors: Jain Monika , Begum Shuhada , Bhuyan Shuvam , Nath Chayanika , Kashyap Uchakankhi , Dutta Lukapriya , Giri Shubhra Jyoti , Deka Nishita , Mandal Manabendra , Kumar Aditya , Ray Suvendra Kumar
Published: November 2024

Accurate enumeration of bacteria in a culture is the first step in both fundamental as well as applied research in microbiology. Serial dilution is an age old method used widely by researchers for enumerating viable bacteria in a culture where a specific sample volume is passaged successively to a specific diluent volume. Here, we demonstrated that a higher sample volume is a better representation of bacterial population than a lower sample volume, which was in concordance with the random nature of bacterial distribution in culture. Therefore, a bigger sample to diluent ratio during serial dilution appears more favorable for an accurate bacterial enumeration than a smaller ratio. But surprisingly, enumeration using the different dilution ratios such as 1:9, 1:99 and 1:999 in 1.0 mL final volume yielded similar results with the exception of 1:999, where 1 μL sample was passaged. However, in 10.0 mL final volume of dilution, the above three dilution ratios exhibited similar bacterial enumeration. The experiment was performed using two different bacterial cultures such asEscherichia coliandRalstonia pseudosolanacearum. Our results indicated that the advantage gained due to lesser number of passages in case of a lower sample volume could overcome the disadvantage associated with it, thereby co-aligning the different dilution ratios with regards to enumeration. Hence, although in laboratory, 1:9 dilution ratio is usually performed during serial dilution, our results suggest that dilution ratios such as 1:99 in 1 mL dilution volume and ratios such as 1:99 and 1:999 in 10 mL dilution volume are equally effective, which also reduces time, cost and labor.
Head-to-head comparison of the RMI and ADNEX models to estimate the risk of ovarian malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of external validation studies
Authors: Barreñada Lasai , Ledger Ashleigh , Kotlarz Agnieszka , Dhiman Paula , Collins Gary S. , Wynants Laure , Verbakel Jan Y. , Valentin Lil , Timmerman Dirk , Van Calster Ben
Published: November 2024

Background

ADNEX and RMI are models to estimate the risk of malignancy of ovarian masses based on clinical and ultrasound information. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesise head to-head comparisons of these models.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search up to 31/07/2024. We included all external validation studies of the performance of ADNEX and RMI on the same data. We did a random effects meta-analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, net benefit and relative utility at 10% malignancy risk threshold for ADNEX and 200 cutoff for RMI.

Results

We included 11 studies comprising 8271 tumours. Most studies were at high risk of bias (incomplete reporting, poor methodology). For ADNEX with CA125 vs RMI, the summary AUC to distinguish benign from malignant tumours in operated patients was 0.92 (CI 0.90-0.94) for ADNEX and 0.85 (CI 0.80-0.89) for RMI. Sensitivity and specificity for ADNEX were 0.93 (0.90-0.96) and 0.77 (0.71-0.81). For RMI they were 0.61 (0.56-0.67) and 0.93 (0.90-0.95). The probability of ADNEX being clinically useful in operated patients was 96% vs 15% for RMI at the selected cutoffs (10%, 200).

Conclusion

ADNEX is clinically more useful than RMI.

Systematic review registration

CRD42023449454
An efficient spectral method for two-dimensional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation
Authors: Jiao Yujian , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2024

Purpose

In this paper, we propose an efficient spectral method for solving the two-dimensional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation. The new basis functions align well with the problem, the discrete system is sparse and can be efficiently inverted, and the numerical solutions exhibit spectral accuracy in space.

Design/methodology/approach

To efficiently simulate the two-dimensional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation, we utilize transformed generalized Jacobi polynomials and construct the basis functions using the tensor product of these newly introduced polynomials. We provide relevant approximation results. Subsequently, we propose a spectral scheme for the underlying problem, and prove the well-posedness of the scheme, along with the boundedness and energy dissipation of the numerical solutions. We analyze the generalized stability and convergence of the numerical solution of the proposed scheme. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this newly proposed method.

Findings

The new basis functions generated by tensor product of the transformed Jacobi polynomial align well with the underlying problem and simplify the theoretical analysis. The spatial discrete system is sparse and can be efficiently inverted. The numerical solutions exhibit spectral accuracy in space.

Originality/value

We introduce transformed generalized Jacobi polynomials to construct basis functions and present relevant approximation results. We propose an efficient spectral scheme for the two-dimensional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation, accompanied by optimal error analysis. This new approach achieves spectral accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method and the techniques developed in this work can be applied to simulate a wide range of other nonlinear problems.
SME rebalancing short-term and long-term debt ratios: the role of financial distress costs
Authors: Serrasqueiro Zélia , Sardo Filipe , Neves Elisabete , Morais Flávio
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study seeks to analyze the effect of the financial distress costs on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) rebalancing of short-term and long-term debt ratios.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the system-generalized method of moments (GMM-sys) to treat data collected for a sample of Portuguese manufacturing SMEs for the period 2011–2017.

Findings

Financial distress costs positively impact the speed with which SMEs rebalance their short-term and long-term debt ratios The positive effect of financial distress costs on the speed of adjustment (SOA) is higher for the short-term than for the long-term debt ratio. This result suggests that SMEs seek to overcome quicker the financing imbalance in the short run, probably, due to their dependence on short-term debt.

Practical implications

SME owners-managers should seek to rely less on short-term debt to reduce the firm default risk, the financing imbalance and the financial distress costs. Banks should lend long-term loans to SMEs, given that the high financial distress risk of these firms results from their dependence on short-term debt financing. Policymakers should promote SME access to external finance sources with lower transaction costs, to SME rebalance their capital structures.

Originality/value

This study analyzes the effect of financial distress costs on the SOA with which SMEs rebalance their capital structure. We estimate the financial distress costs based on a hazard model, to analyze their effect on the SOA toward the target debt ratios.
The potential of Industry 4.0 technologies in transforming agricultural and livestock practices: a systematic review
Authors: Pletsch Aline Luiza Brusco , Stenger Elisete Aparecida Ferreira , Sehnem Simone
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This research centres on how digital technologies are revolutionizing agriculture, affording farmers improved access to information, crop forecasts, markets and innovations, in addition to facilitating training and other benefits. The purpose of this investigation is to examine how technologies used in the Agro 4.0 industry facilitate agricultural and livestock practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough examination of the existing literature on this subject was conducted, encompassing articles published between 2013 and 2023 that have been catalogued in Scopus and the Web of Science.

Findings

The analysis of these studies reveals the growing significance of innovations such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, precision agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT) and robotics in the transformation of agriculture and livestock farming. The implementation of these technologies is occurring across various sectors of agricultural production, including livestock production, shrimp farming, vertical farming, supply chains, irrigation, grain inspection, the dairy sector and smart farms. The impacts identified include improvements in productivity, intelligent analysis systems, operational efficiency, transparency and reliability, management per square metre, optimization, environmental sustainability, animal welfare, enhancement of food security and risk reduction.

Originality/value

Therefore, the contributions of technologies are associated with data-based decision-making, digital skills to maximize agribusiness performance, digital transformation in the field and competitiveness in the global market.
Senior managers’ perceptions of mental health and organizational intervention strategies for improving mental health and well-being
Authors: Christensen Marit , Iversen Anne , Giusino Davide , Grødal Karoline , Innstrand Siw Tone , Peláez Zuberbühler Josefina , San Román-Niaves Mabel , Salanova Marisa , Šípová Ivana , Werk Lilly Paulin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to explore senior managers’ mental models regarding perceptions of mental health and how these perceptions might inform intervention strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is part of a broader European project aiming to design, develop, implement and validate assessment, intervention and evaluation toolkits to promote mental health in the workplace across Europe. Thirty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted among senior managers as part of a needs analysis in small-to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and public workplaces in four European countries (Italy, Spain, Czech Republic and Germany) in 2020 and 2021.

Findings

The results showed that the interviewed senior managers had two different mental models regarding their perception of mental health, which differed with respect to the conceptualization and thereby their perception of strategies for organizational interventions for improving mental health and well-being. The individual-centric mental model is focused on problem solving and treatment of mental illness at only the individual level. The holistic multilevel mental model is focused on mental illness as well as mental health and well-being at multiple levels of the organization through prevention and promotion strategies. The senior managers' mental models seem to inform their perceptions of suitable strategies for organizational interventions for improving mental health and well-being.

Originality/value

The study supports previous calls for more research on how senior managers’ perception of mental health inform their strategies when planning for organizational interventions.
The antecedents and consequence of distributor’s stewardship-oriented behaviors in manufacturer–distributor relationships
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Goyal Vikas
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Borrowing stewardship theory and self-determination theory as the theoretical lens, this study aims to develop a conceptual model for engendering distributor’s stewardship-oriented behaviors (SOBs) in manufacturer–distributor relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilized primary dyadic data collected from 237 key informants of manufacturers and distributors in the Indian Pharmaceutical and FMCG industry to evaluate the study hypotheses using a structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

Findings indicate that key elements of intrinsic and identified motivation play a pivotal role in fostering distributor’s SOBs which in turn generate higher relationship performance outcomes for the manufacturer. Moreover, the effect of antecedents was moderated by manufacturer’s effective communication with the distributor.

Research limitations/implications

Results of this study document four factors as antecedents to distributors’ SOBs, which manufacturers can strategically incorporate in their relationship strategies with distributors.

Originality/value

The study introduces the concept of SOBs to marketing channel literature, thereby extending channel theory by drawing attention to the distributor’s intrinsically motivated positive behaviors that are in the best interest of manufacturers.
The darkside of coworker support: the case of bottom-line mentality
Authors: Andrews Martha C. , Dawley David D.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervisor bottom-line mentality on subordinates’ frustration and subsequent attitudes (turnover intention, affective commitment and job satisfaction) and the moderating role of coworker support.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model was tested using a sample of 194 full-time working executive MBA students in the United States of America through a two-time point-paired survey.

Findings

The moderated-mediation using PLS-SEM indicated that supervisor bottom-line mentality is positively associated with subordinate frustration, which in turn increases turnover intention and reduces affective commitment and job satisfaction. Taking a competing hypotheses approach for the moderating role of coworker support, findings indicated that coworker support exacerbated (i.e. worsened) the positive relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and subordinate frustration.

Practical implications

Managers should pay close attention to the potential negative consequences of supervisor bottom-line mentality, especially in a culture where coworker support is nurtured and valued. That is, coworker support can worsen employee frustration caused by supervisor bottom-line mentality.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to examine how employee frustration mediates the dysfunctional relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and the employee attitudes of turnover, affective commitment and job satisfaction. In addition, this study illuminates a potential darkside of coworker support as it can intensify the relationship between supervisor bottom-line mentality and employee frustration, thus enriching the literature in both bottom-line mentality and social support.
Microplastics removal by coagulation: cutting-edge coagulants and coagulation processes
Authors: Randhawa Kawaljit Singh
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate cutting-edge coagulant materials and procedures for the removal of harmful microplastics from the water.

Design/methodology/approach

Traditional methods of removing microplastics from water bodies, like filtration, face limitations due to the small sizes involved. Hence, coagulation and flocculation emerge as essential strategies to enhance filtration efficacy. This paper summarizes recent research on coagulant materials, including novel hybrids, for water purification. It also looks at the most recent improvements in coagulation and flocculation processes, as well as the factors that influence their efficiency.

Findings

This paper highlights recent research on coagulant materials, including novel hybrids, used in water purification. It also examines the most recent advancements in coagulation and flocculation procedures, as well as the elements influencing their effectiveness.

Originality/value

The environmental threat posed by plastics, especially in their non-naturally degradable forms, such as microplastics, has reached alarming proportions. These minute particles pervade our air, soil and water bodies, driven by various factors and sources. Their diminutive size, whether in micro or nano form, renders them ingestible by marine and freshwater organisms, as well as humans, posing significant health risks. Traditional methods of water cleaning are not effective in dealing with very small-sized plastics and hence this paper summarizes recent research on coagulant materials, including various novel hybrids, for water purification from tiny microplastics in detail.
Ceremonial conformity: navigating institutional complexity and uncertainty in corporate political activities
Authors: Arroyo Paulina , Ramboarisata Lovasoa , Dicko Saidatou
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine Canadian institutional investors’ interest in the political activities of their portfolio companies and the companies’ strategic responses. This study also explores the decoupling of social and political responsibilities of companies, contributing to underexplored institutional and ethical perspectives in corporate political activity (CPA) analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a qualitative content analysis of diverse public documents produced by crucial actors in the responsible investment (RI) industry, such as associations; standard setters; environmental, social and governance (ESG) providers; responsible investors’ funds; and companies belonging to those funds.

Findings

Companies’ CPA disclosures frequently show inconsistency and opacity, reflecting similar issues in ESG ratings. Differences in perceptions of CPA’s importance among ESG standards may cause this inconsistency. While sustainability metrics often neglect CPAs, particularly lobbying in ESG reports, responsible investors, even those following PRI, seem to distance themselves, not rigorously overseeing CPA disclosures. The findings indicate that institutional uncertainty prompts companies to offer only superficial compliance to investor expectations.

Originality/value

The present approach comprehensively explores corporate political actions, encompassing diverse perspectives within the RI industry. This study examines the disparity between responsible investors’ declared intentions and their real-world actions concerning corporate political responsibility. Finally, the authors emphasize that institutional complexity results in a disconnect between responsible investors’ policies and their actual investment practices. This decoupling is also evident between corporate policies and their disclosures and between the expectations of standard setters and rating agencies.
Overcoming technological barriers for blockchain adoption in supply chains: a diffusion of innovation (DOI)-informed framework proposal
Authors: Moraes Katherine Kaneda , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Godinho Filho Moacir , Santa-Eulalia Luis Antonio , Tortorella Guilherme Luz
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The integration of blockchain technology (BT) in supply chain management (SCM) is at the forefront of technological advancements, yet it faces significant barriers that hinder its widespread adoption. This study aims to delve into these challenges, employing the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory to systematically investigate and propose a strategic framework for overcoming the technological barriers to BT adoption within SCM.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of 155 publications, complemented by rigorous content analysis and expert interviews, this research identifies and categorizes 16 primary technological barriers, including scalability and privacy issues, that impede BT integration.

Findings

The proposed framework, informed by DOI theory, outlines tailored strategies across three critical adoption stages: initiation, where the focus is on mitigating high energy consumption and scalability issues; adoption decision, emphasizing the formulating international standards for blockchain architecture, embedding abstraction layers within software projects; and implementation, concentrating on enhancing security, interoperability and system efficiency.

Originality/value

This research contributes significantly to both academic literature and practical applications. Academically, it extends the DOI theory within the SCM context and enriches the blockchain literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the specific barriers to BT adoption. Practically, it offers a roadmap for industry practitioners, delineating actionable strategies to navigate the adoption process effectively. This study not only bridges the gap between theoretical insights and practical implementations but also serves as a vital resource for policymakers and standard-setting bodies in facilitating and regulating BT adoption in SCM, thereby fostering innovation and competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Safety and effectiveness of secukinumab subcutaneous injection in Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis: A post‐marketing surveillance
Authors: Fujishige Ayako , Seko Noriko
Published: November 2024

Secukinumab is the first human monoclonal antibody that targets human interleukin‐17A. This open‐label, multicenter, uncontrolled, single‐arm, prospective observational surveillance evaluated the long‐term safety and effectiveness of secukinumab in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Japan. Of 997 patients whose surveillance forms were collected, 976 were included in the safety analysis and 729 in the effectiveness analysis. Prior to the start of secukinumab treatment, biologics were used in 42.52% of patients for the treatment of conditions including psoriasis. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) duration of secukinumab administration was 288.1 ± 106.51 days and the median (range) was 344.0 (1–365) days. The most commonly used dose per administration was 300 mg in 96.21% (939 patients) and the mean ± SD total number of administrations was 13.6 ± 3.87. Adverse events (AEs), AEs suspected to be related to secukinumab, AEs that led to secukinumab treatment discontinuation, serious AEs, and deaths were reported in 36.17%, 18.85%, 8.09%, 5.84%, and 1.13%, respectively. The proportion of patients with an Investigator's Global Assessment score improvement to 0/1 increased over time from the start of secukinumab treatment to week 24 and remained stable thereafter. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 75 response rates and the proportions of patients with a Dermatology Life Quality Index score of 0/1 increased from baseline and were maintained up to week 52. This surveillance did not show any new safety concerns of secukinumab treatment. The effectiveness of secukinumab treatment was observed in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and PsA.
Family functioning and aggression among Spanish adolescents. Examining the roles of family cohesion, family flexibility, family communication and family satisfaction
Authors: Vegas María Isabel
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between family functioning and aggression among Spanish adolescents. A sample of 1,196 adolescents between 14 and 18 years old (50 per cent female) were selected from twenty‐three educational centres, ten university degrees and eighteen specific juvenile facilities. The Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV Package) were administered. In regard to results, adolescent hostility was the dimension of aggression most strongly related to poor family functioning. The family functioning risk factors for aggression were disengagement, chaos and rigidity, while family communication was an essential protective factor. Enmeshment did not correlate significantly with aggression but became an aggression risk factor in late adolescence. The family functioning variable most related to adolescent aggression in multi‐problematic families was disengagement, while it was the absence of rigidity among adolescent offenders. The results are discussed considering the cultural context, concluding the importance of Spanish parents combining affection and leadership, and enhancing positive family communication.
Natural deep eutectic solvents for anthocyanin extraction from agricultural sources: Process parameters, economic and environmental analysis, and industrial challenges
Authors: Pires Ianê Valente , da Silva Luiza Helena Meller , Rodrigues Antonio Manoel da Cruz , Saldaña Marleny D. A.
Published: November 2024

Anthocyanins are natural pigments, known for their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory properties, and health benefits. One method to extract anthocyanins uses natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). NADES are mixtures of two or more natural compounds that result in a liquid with a lower melting point than any of its individual components. NADES are nontoxic, biodegradable solvents that can be obtained from renewable sources, making them an attractive alternative to traditional solvents; therefore, they are known as the “21st century solvents.” This review provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of the use of NADES as a sustainable solvent system for anthocyanins extraction. It also discusses the main properties of anthocyanins, NADES, process parameters, and economic and environmental analysis to efficiently extract anthocyanins. Current state of knowledge focusing on its applicability within the industrial context was evaluated and identified gaps in knowledge, highlighting its advantages and challenges to provide recommendations for future research.