bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dipping Time of Liquid Nitrogen on Mechanical Properties of Al Alloy 5083 via Cryorolling
Authors: Sayed Ahmad Syarifah M. Noraini , Hussain Zuhailawati , Abu Seman Anasyida
Published: March 2017

Cryorolling is indeed a very suitable approach in producing a good Al alloy of Al 5083 with exceptionally strong and hard properties. This new Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) methods can bring out the utmost of strength in Al alloy compare with cold rolling. This paper hence discussed the effect of dipping duration of Al alloy in liquid nitrogen prior to rolling process to its improved mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength. The result showed that the hardness increased with increasing dipping time until 60 minutes for low temperature pre-anneal and 30 minutes for high temperature pre-anneal and later dropped. The tensile strength of cryorolled sample also showed some improvement for about 5-8% compared with normal cold rolling.
The Impact of Composition and Sintering Temperature for Stainless Steel Foams (SS316L) Fabricated by Space Holder Method with Urea as Space Holder
Authors: Abdullah Zulaikha , Ahmad Sufizar , Ramli Musfirah
Published: March 2017

Metal foams are a cellular structure that has a solid matrix made of metal and has pores in their structure. Metal foams offer excellent combination of properties which led researchers interested in investigation in recent years. Closed-cell stainless steel (SS316L) foams for biomedical application were prepared by space holder method and the physical and morphological properties of SS316L foams were studied. Stainless steel (SS316L) powders as metallic material, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a binder and Urea as a space holder material were mixed homogenously to avoid the particle wrecked. This mixture was compacted using uniaxial pressing machine and pressurized to 8 tons to formed the green body. By using tube furnace, the SS316L foams was two-stage sintered, the first phase at 600°C for 2 hours to decompose the urea, and the second phase at 1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C respectively to sinter the steel. The porosity and density test was carried out by applying Archimedean principles, while morphological observation was done by using Field Emission Scanning Electron (FESEM). The samples with 40wt.% SS316L composition and sintered at temperature of 1100°C, leads to porosities of about 44.539% and show the potential as the best metal foams.
High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Ni-Cr-, Ti- and Fe-Based Alloys in Flowing Wet Gas Environment
Authors: Baharum Azila , Othman Norinsan Kamil , Samsu Zaifol
Published: March 2017

In this study, three different alloys Stainless Steel 316 (SS316), Titanium 6Al-4V (Ti6A-l4V) and Hastelloy 276 (H276) were exposed to the wet environment with 12% of water vapor and Ar-20%O2 for 10 h at 900 °C. The oxidation behavior of the samples was analyzed using weight change measurement technique and optical microscope (OM). The phases of the oxide layer on corroded sample were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The difference in the weight gain indicating the difference in the rate of the oxide growth for the samples. Sample Ti6A-l4V showed the most aggressive oxidation behavior compared to the other samples. OM analysis showed a multilayer oxide scale formed on the Ti6A-l4V and H276 samples but only single layer of oxide forms on SS316. Oxide scale for the samples were analyzed using XRD, the result showed the formation of chromia (Cr2O3) on SS316. Titanium oxide (TiO2 ) and alumina oxide (Al2O3) were detected on Ti6Al4V, while H276 showed the formation of nickel manganese oxide (Ni7.2Mn0.2O8) and nichromite (NiCr2O4).
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structure and Dielectric Properties of Lead Free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Prepared via Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Bahanurdin Fatin Khairah , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: March 2017

In this research, alkaline niobate known as K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramic was synthesis by solid state reaction method which pressing at different sintering temperatures (1000 °C and 1080 °C) prepared via hot isostatic pressing (HIP)). The effect of sintering temperature on structure and dielectric properties was studied. The optimum sintering temperature (at 1080 °C for 30 minutes) using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was successfully increase the density, enlarge the particle grain size in the range of 0.3 µm – 2.5 µm and improves the dielectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics. The larger grain size and higher density ceramics body will contribute the good dielectric properties. At room temperature, the excellent relative permittivity and tangent loss recorded at 1 MHz (ɛr = 5517.35 and tan δ = 0.954), respectively for KNN1080HIP sample. The KNN1080HIP sample is also exhibits highest relative density which is 4.485 g/cm3. The ɛr depends upon density and in this work, the density increase as the sintering temperature increase, which resulting the corresponding ɛr value also increases.
Influence of Calcination Temperature towards Fe-TiO2 for Visible-Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Aida Ibrahim Siti , Ahmid Muhamad Nazim
Published: March 2017

TiO2 is one of the most promising photocatalysts that is widely used for environmental clean-up due to its ability to degrade organic pollutants in air or water. The purpose of this study is to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by absorbing energy in visible light region in order to degrade pollutants. In this study, the nanostructured Fe-TiO2 was successfully synthesised via a combined method of sol-gel and calcination process. The calcination temperatures used varied from 400 to 800 °C. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD results show that the phases of TiO2 are dependent on calcination temperature. It is found that both TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 phases were transformed from anatase to rutile as the temperatures were increased. FESEM images revealed that the particle size was agglomerated and the average grain size was about 54 to 66 nm. UV-Vis analysis indicated that the incorporation of Fe and varied calcination temperature may affect the optical properties as the absorption profile was shifted from 445 nm to 585 nm. Thus, this results show that Fe-TiO2 is a highly potential photocatalyst to degrade pollutants under visible light irradiation.
Preliminary Determination of Minerals in Mukah Coal
Authors: Seli Hazman , Rejab Nik Akmar , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: March 2017

Coal is still one of the major energy sources. It is used as a reducing agent in the metallurgical industry, in the cement industry coal is a source of energy and it is still used in power generation. Mukah coal is characterized through chemical and mineralogical properties determinations. XRD pattern of the coal shows that it is amorphous in nature and dominated by quartz and kaolinite. Mukah coal has about total carbon 97.98 wt% with SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 present as the most predominant oxides. The oxides make up approximately 1.58 wt% of the coal samples. The SEM image shows basically depicts coal particles of various irregular shapes and sizes. The mineral matter was not clearly seen on the surface of the coal particle as it was supposedly embedded inside the bulk of carbonaceous matter.
Investigations of Outdoor and Indoor 222Rn Concentrations Level in Academic Building at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus
Authors: Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul , AZHAR Nur Ezati , Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar , Abd Karim Siti Fatimah , Abdullah Nor Hakimin , Mohamed Noor An'amt , Mohamed Mazlan , ABDULLAH @ ABDUL KARI Zulhisyam , ADAM Noraina
Published: March 2017

Radon (222Rn) is radioactive gas emanates from soil, rock sand and enter the building through cracks, construction joint, gas in suspended floors and also from the building materials itself. 222Rn gas in high concentrations is hazardous as it can affect the human organ and tissues due to the emission of alpha particles. This study aims to determine the outdoor and indoor 222Rn concentrations in academic building, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Jeli Campus as well as to identify any possible factors influenced the gas progenies. Radon Sentinel 1030 was placed in open space between the lecturer’s rooms and inside closed room (Lecture Hall 4) on the first floor of the building for data collections. The total of 224 data of 222Rn concentrations reading has been collected for outdoor and indoor spaces with 0.5 hours time interval. The outdoor and indoor 222Rn concentrations were found in ranges between 0.23 pCi/L to 0.48 pCi/L and 0.73 pCi/L to 1.13 pCi/L, respectively.
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Desorption Study Using Bimetallic Calcium Oxide Impregnated on Iron (III) Oxide
Authors: Hakim Azizul , Yarmo Mohd Ambar , Marliza Tengku Sharifah , Abu Tahari Maratun Najiha , Samad Wan Zurina , Dzakaria Norliza , Yusop Muhammad Rahimi
Published: March 2017

Bimetal adsorbent system of calcium oxide impregnated on iron (III) oxide were evaluated as a potential source of basic sites for CO2 capture. The adsorbents were prepared by impregnation method were calcined at 200 until 600 °C. Several characterizations were carried out using XRD, BET and CO2-TPD analysis. The CaO loading increased the basicity of the adsorbent significantly enhance the CO2 chemisorption. Furthermore, it drastically reduced the desorption temperature to 310-490 °C, which is important in chemisorption aspect. The CaO/Fe2O3200 which calcined at 200 °C was found to be most efficient. The CO2 chemisorption (81.29 mg CO2/g adsorbent) was contributed most compared to physisorption (4.64 mg CO2/g adsorbent).
Effect of Morphology of MgO on the CO2 Adsorption Capacity for Low Temperature Applications
Authors: Poliah Ramarao , Sreekantan Srimala
Published: March 2017

MgO nanoparticles, nanoflakes and nanorods were synthesized by sol-gel or hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of cubic MgO in entire samples after calcination. The round particles diameter was in the range of 200-500 nm while the flakes structure were with thickness 100-200 nm. The rods were in average diameter of 150-500 nm. CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by using TGA. MgO flakes with smaller crystallite size demonstrated high CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.738 mmol/g at low adsorption temperature of 50°C.
Studies of Fe Metal Carburization by Carbon Monoxide Using XRD and TPR Techniques
Authors: Dzakaria Norliza , Salleh Fairous , Tengku Saharuddin Tengku Shafazila , Samsuri Alinda , Hakim Azizul , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Mohamed Hisham Mohamed Wahab , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: March 2017

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of carburization of metallic Fe by (20%,v/v) carbon monoxide (CO). Carburization of Fe by carbon monoxide was examined by using temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-Ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur (CHNS) technique. Based on a thermodynamic calculation, the free energy Gibb’s value to produce carbon is-8.08 kcal/mol which are favorable. However, production of iron carbide from the same reaction, the free energy Gibb’s value is +9.24 kcal/mol which is not feasible. From the XRD results, shows that after carburization of Fe, the peak appears only for Fe but there is a broad peak between 20 – 30°. The peak might be indicated as carbon in amorphous form. This finding is supported by the percent of carbon content in CHNS analysis which are increasing when the temperature is increased. This shows that after carburization the carbon content is increasing with increasing in temperature due to carbon deposited on metallic iron. In this research, three different temperatures were used which are 300°C, 500°C and 700°C.
Comparison Elemental Studies of Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) Using PHITS and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCNP) Codes
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohd Fitri , Ithnin Hanafi , Dahing Lahasen
Published: March 2017

Elemental studies of any samples for example concrete are important for better characterization and inspection. Currently, many techniques have been applied such as x-ray, gamma-ray and etc. However further analysis is good to know without destroying the samples. Furthermore, simulations of any samples with Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) are useful to experimentalist. In this study, Monte Carlo technique was used with two different type of software. The results were successful on elemental analysis from both techniques.
Elemental, Thermal, and Structural Characterization of ZnO Doped 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) Ceramics
Authors: Johar Banjuraizah , Selvaraj Tinesha , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: March 2017

8 mol% of Yttrium oxide doped Zirconia (8YSZ) is one of the most explored compositions which give high ionic conductivities and good power output at 1000 °C. Generally, dopant was added to improve the sinterability of 8YSZ ceramics. In this present study, granulated 8YSZ powders with multimodal size was mixed with ZnO (0,1,2,3 wt%) using mortar and pestle. The mixed powder was compacted and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. 2 distinct endothermic peaks were observed in DTA plot of all samples. However, samples contain high amount of ZnO had a broader endothermic peak which resulted from the melting of ZnO. Rietveld refinement results indicate that the tetragonal phase appeared as the dominant phase for all doped and undoped samples, while cubic and monoclinic phase as the secondary phase. The monoclinic phase decreased as the amount of ZnO increased.
Structural Properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.38Li0.1)O3 Prepared via High Planetary Mill
Authors: Siddiqui Maliha , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: March 2017

In the present work lead based perovskite ceramic Pb (Zr0.52Ti 0.38Li0.1)O3 was prepared via high planetary mill. The green body was sintered at 850 °C. The effect of 0.1 wt % Li+ addition on the sintering temperature, microstructure and on dielectric properties of Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 were investigated. Thermal analysis of ceramic reveals that the PZT can be synthesized at low temperature. XRD diffractrogram shows the presence of secondary phase (lead oxide PbO) in the sample. The maximum dielectric constant was observed at low frequency which was 1163.22 at 20 Hz.
The Importance of Dendritic Cells in Maintaining Immune Tolerance
Authors: Audiger Cindy , Rahman M. Jubayer , Yun Tae Jin , Tarbell Kristin V. , Lesage Sylvie
Published: March 2017

Immune tolerance is necessary to prevent the immune system from reacting against self, and thus to avoid the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss key findings that position dendritic cells (DCs) as critical modulators of both thymic and peripheral immune tolerance. Although DCs are important for inducing both immunity and tolerance, increased autoimmunity associated with decreased DCs suggests their nonredundant role in tolerance induction. DC-mediated T cell immune tolerance is an active process that is influenced by genetic variants, environmental signals, as well as the nature of the specific DC subset presenting Ag to T cells. Answering the many open questions with regard to the role of DCs in immune tolerance could lead to the development of novel therapies for the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
Effects of Sterculia setigera Del. Stem Bark Extract on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats
Authors: Zaruwa Moses Z. , Ibok Nne. I. , Ibok Ibokabasi U. , Onyenonachi Emmanuel C. , Danchal C. , Ahmed Aisha G. , Ahmed Maryam U. , Sudi Ismaila Y.
Published: March 2017

Africa is rich in a wide range of flora that are exploited as herbal medicines and remedies. Several diseases such as diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery and jaundice have been successfully managed using herbal medicines. Herbal decoctions or concoctions have been used as pain killers, antibiotics, and hematinics. This study evaluated the hematopoietic and biochemical properties of the stem bark of Sterculia setigera Del. in Wistar rats. Results showed that S. setigera decoction has copiously high tannin and cardiac glycoside levels. Ingestion of the decoction by rats over a 16-day period significantly ( P < 0.05) increased the body weights of rats by 22.4% in the S. setigera-treated group. Hematological profiles showed raised levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and platelets, while biochemical parameters showed lower levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and slight increase in albumin and TP levels. We posit that the results justify the use of the stem bark of S. setigera as a hematinic by traditional medical practitioners and show its relative safety. Further experiments are needed to evaluate its safety.
Las industrias culturales y creativas en la Comunidad de Madrid: contexto y desarrollo económico 2008 - 2014
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Eduardo Francisco , Real Rodríguez Elena , Rosique Cedillo Gloria
Published: March 2017

La Comunidad de Madrid (CAM) es el principal foco de España respecto a las Industrias Culturales y Creativas (ICC), por lo que medir su impacto socioeconómico en aspectos como la inversión o el empleo resulta de vital importancia para el desarrollo económico de la región e, indirectamente, del país. Objetivos: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo, mediante una metodología armonizada y comparable entre CC.AA., que explique la evolución de las ICC en la CAM para el actual contexto de crisis, con el fin de conocer en qué medida han contribuido a la generación de empleo y cuál ha sido su aportación a la riqueza de la región y al producto interior bruto nacional. Con ello, pretendemos construir unas herramientas que mejoren los parámetros estadísticos actuales y faciliten la implementación de políticas por parte del gobierno autonómico –que no cuenta hasta ahora con un Plan Estratégico de ayuda a las ICC, como así disponen otras autonomías–, estableciendo una mejor conexión con los objetivos del programa Horizonte 2020. Método: Para ello, se ha generado un modelo estadístico con datos homologables a los utilizados por la Unión Europea y la UNESCO partiendo de las encuestas del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) y de los informes del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (MECD), entre otras fuentes. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados señalan la repercusión de la crisis financiera en todas las magnitudes, la importancia de los sectores publicitario y audiovisual en cuanto al PIB regional, la estabilización de las artes escénicas y las bibliotecas y museos, y el descenso acentuado, tanto económico como ocupacional, de la arquitectura. También se manifiestan grandes diferencias entre las CC.AA. en cuanto al desarrollo económico en cultura se refiere.
Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Authors: Smith Laura E. , Prendergast Andrew J. , Turner Paul C. , Humphrey Jean H. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J.
Published: March 2017

Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are vulnerable to multiple environmental insults, including exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin that may contaminate as much as 25% of the world food supply. We reviewed and integrated findings from studies of aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy and evaluated potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We identified 27 studies (10 human cross-sectional studies and 17 animal studies) assessing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and adverse birth outcomes or anemia. Findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. Only one human study investigated aflatoxin exposure and prematurity, and no studies investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss, but animal studies suggest aflatoxin exposure may increase risk for prematurity and pregnancy loss. The fetus could be affected by maternal aflatoxin exposure through direct toxicity as well as indirect toxicity, via maternal systemic inflammation, impaired placental growth, or elevation of placental cytokines. The cytotoxic and systemic effects of aflatoxin could plausibly mediate maternal anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal loss, and preterm birth. Given the widespread exposure to this toxin in developing countries, longitudinal studies in pregnant women are needed to provide stronger evidence for the role of aflatoxin in adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to explore biological mechanisms. Potential pathways for intervention to reduce aflatoxin exposure are urgently needed, and this might reduce the global burden of stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birthweight.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dengue Vaccination Programs in Brazil
Authors: Shim Eunha
Published: March 2017

The first approved dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV, a chimeric, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue virus vaccine, was recently licensed in 13 countries, including Brazil. In light of recent vaccine approval, we modeled the cost-effectiveness of potential vaccination policies mathematically based on data from recent vaccine efficacy trials that indicated that vaccine efficacy was lower in seronegative individuals than in seropositive individuals. In our analysis, we investigated several vaccination programs, including routine vaccination, with various vaccine coverage levels and those with and without large catch-up campaigns. As it is unclear whether the vaccine protects against infection or just against disease, our model incorporated both direct and indirect effects of vaccination. We found that in the presence of vaccine-induced indirect protection, the cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination decreased with increasing vaccine coverage levels because the marginal returns of herd immunity decreases with vaccine coverage. All routine dengue vaccination programs that we considered were cost-effective, reducing dengue incidence significantly. Specifically, a routine dengue vaccination of 9-year-olds would be cost-effective when the cost of vaccination per individual is less than $262. Furthermore, the combination of routine vaccination and large catch-up campaigns resulted in a greater reduction of dengue burden (by up to 93%) than routine vaccination alone, making it a cost-effective intervention as long as the cost per course of vaccination is $255 or less. Our results show that dengue vaccination would be cost-effective in Brazil even with a relatively low vaccine efficacy in seronegative individuals.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components-Part 22-Immunity to Radiated Magnetic Fields
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the test methods and procedures for vehicle components to determine the components immunity to radiated magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components-Immunity to Ac Power Line Electric Fields
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the recommended testing techniques for the determination of electric field immunity of an automotive electronic device when the device and its wiring harness is exposed to a power line electric field. This technique uses a parallel plate field generator and a high voltage, low current voltage source to produce the field.
Conducted Immunity, 250 Khz to 5000 Mhz, Direct Injection of Radio Frequency (Rf) Power
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This part of SAE J1113 specifies the direct RF power injection test method and procedure to testing electromagnetic immunity of electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The electromagnetic disturbances considered in this part of SAE J1113 are limited to continuous, narrowband conducted RF energy.

This test method is applicable to all DUT leads except ground. The test provides differential mode excitation to the DUT.

Immunity measurements of complete vehicles are generally only possible by the vehicle manufacturer. The reasons, for example, are high costs of a large absorber-lined chamber, preserving the secrecy of prototypes or the large number of different vehicle models. Therefore, for research, development, and quality control, a laboratory measuring method for components shall be applied by the manufacturer. This method is suitable over the frequency range of 250 kHz to 500 MHz.
TRUTH-IN-LABELING STANDARD FOR NAVIGATION MAP DATABASES
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard is a truth-in-labeling standard for map databases.
SUPERCHARGER TESTING STANDARD
Authors:   Engine Power Test Code Committee
Published: March 2017

This test document is applicable to all superchargers not requiring fuel to be added to the inlet air prior to the supercharger. This SAE Standard only applies to bench testing. Any maximum speed, temperature, and pressure ratios supplied by the manufacturer should be for this use only and may not apply to applications of firing engines. This document has been adopted by SAE to specify:

a

A standard basis for supercharger efficiency rating

b

Reference inlet air supply test conditions

c

A method for correcting observed efficiency to reference conditions

d

A method for presenting these results in an accurate and usable way

e

A method to compare superchargers without the affects of engine dynamics and intercooling
LUBRICATION COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS USED ON MACHINE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors:   Manufacturing Division
Published: March 2017

These recommended practices are applicable for lubrication components and systems supplied on machines and equipment used in the automotive industry; for the purpose of this document, any equipment dispensing lubricant used in manufacturing and/or assembly processes.

These practices do not apply to injection of pneumatic components.
Measurement of Radiated Emissions From Integrated Circuits-Tem/Wideband Tem (Gtem) Cell Method; Tem Cell (150 Khz to 1 Ghz), Wideband Tem Cell (150 Khz to 8 Ghz)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Task Force
Published: March 2017

This measurement procedure defines a method for measuring the electromagnetic radiation from an integrated circuit (IC). The IC being evaluated is mounted on an IC test printed circuit board (PCB) that is clamped to a mating port (referred to as a wall port) cut in the top or bottom of a TEM or wideband TEM (GTEM) cell. The test board is not in the cell as in the conventional usage but becomes a part of the cell wall. This method is applicable to any TEM or GTEM cell modified to incorporate the wall port; however, the measured RF voltage is affected by the septum to test board (wall) spacing. This procedure was developed using a 1 GHz TEM cell with a septum to wall spacing of 45 mm and a GTEM cell with average septum to wall spacing of 45 mm over the port area. Other cells may not produce identical spectral output but may be used for comparative measurements, subject to their frequency and sensitivity limitations. A conversion factor may allow comparisons between data measured on TEM or GTEM cells with different septum to wall spacing. The IC test board controls the geometry and orientation of the operating IC relative to the cell and eliminates any connecting leads within the cell (these are on the backside of the board, which is outside the cell). For the TEM cell, one of the 50 Ω ports is terminated with a 50 Ω load. The other 50 Ω port for a TEM cell, or the single 50 Ω port for a GTEM cell, is connected to the input of a spectrum analyzer or receiver that measures the RF emissions emanating from the IC and coupled onto the septum of the TEM cell.
Steady-State Directional Control Test Procedures for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes consistent test procedures for determination of steady-state directional control properties for passenger cars and light trucks with single axles. These properties include the gradients with respect to lateral acceleration of steering wheel angle, understeer/ oversteer, sideslip, roll angle, and steering wheel torque; the gains with respect to steering wheel angle of yaw velocity, lateral acceleration, and sideslip; the characteristic speed or critical speed; and the total, steering, and tire compliances at the front and rear wheels.
Vehicle Electromagnetic Immunity--Electrostatic Discharge (Esd)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard specifies the ESD test methods and procedures necessary to evaluate electronic modules intended for vehicle use. It describes test procedures for evaluating electronic modules on the bench as well as for evaluating complete vehicles. A procedure for calibrating the simulator that is used to generate the electrostatic discharges is given. Functional status classifications for immunity to ESD are given.
Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Vehicles, Boats (Up to 15 M) and Machines (50 Hz to 18 Ghz)
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

This SAE Standard covers the measurement of radio frequency radiated emissions and immunity. Each part details the requirements for a specific type of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test and the applicable frequency range of the test method. The methods are applicable to a vehicle or other device powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor. Operation of all engines (main and auxiliary) of a vehicle or device is included. All equipment normally operating when the engine is running is included. Operator controlled equipment is included or excluded as specified in the individual document parts. The recommended levels apply only to complete vehicles in their final manufactured form. Vehicle-mounted rectifiers used for charging in electric vehicles are included in Part 2 of this document when operated in their charging mode. Additional charger requirements are under development in SAE J551-5. Emissions from intentional radiators are not controlled by this document. (See applicable appropriate regulatory documents.) The immunity of commercial mains powered equipment to overvoltages and line transients is not covered by this document. (See applicable UL or other appropriate agency documents.)
Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Magnetic and Electric Field Strength From Electric Vehicles, Broadband, 9 Khz to 30 Mhz
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: March 2017

The test procedures and performance levels in this SAE
recommended Practice cover the measurement of magnetic and electric
field strengths over the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz and
conducted emissions over the frequency range of 450 kHz to 30
MHz.

Conducted emission measurements in this document are applicable
only to battery-charging systems which utilize a switching
frequency above 9 kHz, are mounted on the vehicle, and whose power
is transferred by metallic conductors. Conducted emission
requirements apply only during charging of the batteries from AC
power lines.

Conducted and radiated emissions measurements of
battery-charging systems that use an induction power coupling
device are not covered by this document.

The measurement of electromagnetic disturbances for frequencies
from 30 MHz to 1000 MHz and narrowband electromagnetic disturbances
for frequencies from 150 kHz to 30 MHz are covered in SAE
J551/2.
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules and Regulations
Authors:   Executive Standards Committee
Published: March 2017

These Rules and Regulations (the 'Rules') govern the operations of the Technical Standards Board, Councils/Divisions and Technical Committees.

The Technical Standards Board (the 'Board') is responsible to the SAE Board of Directors.
It is the duty of the Board to promote and supervise technical committee activities of SAE including participation in technical committees of other organizations to approve and issue technical reports including standards, recommended practices, and information reports (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'Technical Reports') resulting from its activities.
A quantitative analysis of the reactions involved in stratospheric
polar ozone depletion
Authors: Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Rex Markus
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We present a quantitative analysis of the chemical reactions involved in polar ozone depletion in the stratosphere, and of the relevant reaction pathways and cycles. While the reaction pathways and cycles involved in polar ozone depletion are well known, quantitative estimates of the importance of single reactions or reaction cycles are rare. In particular, there is no comprehensive and quantitative study of the reaction rates and cycles averaged over the polar vortex under conditions of heterogeneous chemistry so far. We show time series of reaction rates averaged over the polar vortex in winter and spring for all relevant reactions and indicate which reaction pathways and cycles are responsible for the vortex-averaged net change of the key species involved in ozone depletion, that is ozone, chlorine species (ClOx, HCl, ClONO2), bromine species, nitrogen species (HNO3, NOx) and hydrogen species (HOx). For clarity, we focus on one Arctic winter (2004/2005) and one Antarctic winter (2006) in a layer in the lower stratosphere around 54 hPa. Mixing ratios and reaction rates are obtained from runs of the ATLAS Chemistry and Transport Model driven by ECMWF ERA Interim reanalysis data. An emphasis is put on the partitioning of the relevant chemical families (nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, bromine and odd oxygen) and activation and deactivation of chlorine.
Blue Intensity based experiments for reconstructing North
Pacific temperatures along the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Wilson Rob , D'Arrigo Rosanne , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Oelkers Rose , Wiles Greg , Anchukaitis Kevin , Davi Nicole
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Climate in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) reflects large-scale ocean-atmosphere variability of the North Pacific climate system. Ring-width (RW) records from the GOA have yielded a valuable long-term perspective for North Pacific changes on decadal to longer time scales in prior studies, but express a broad winter to late summer seasonal response. Similar to the highly climate-sensitive maximum latewood density (MXD) proxy, the Blue Intensity (BI) parameter has recently been shown to correlate well with year-to-year warm-season temperatures for a number of sites at northern latitudes. Since BI records are much less expensive and labor intensive to generate than MXD, such data hold great potential value for future tree-ring studies in the GOA and other regions at mid-to-high latitudes. Here we highlight the potential for improving tree-ring based reconstructions using combinations of RW and BI-related parameters (latewood BI (LWB) and delta BI (DB)) from an experimental sub-set of samples from eight mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) sites along the GOA. This is the first such study for the hemlock genus using BI data. We find that using either LWB or DB can improve the amount of explained temperature variance by > 10 % compared to RW alone although the optimal target season changes to June–September, which may have implications for studying ocean-atmosphere variability in the region. However, one challenge in building these BI records is that resin extraction did not remove colour differences between the heartwood and sapwood, so long term trend biases, expressed as relatively warm temperatures in the 18th century, were noted when using the LWB data. Using DB appeared to overcome these trend biases resulting in a reconstruction expressing 18th–19th century temperatures ca. 0.5 °C cooler than the 20th/21st centuries. This cool period agrees well with previous dendroclimatic studies and the glacial advance record in the region. Continuing BI measurement in the GOA region must focus on sampling more trees per site (> 20) and more sites to overcome site specific factors effecting climate response while sub-fossil material will extend the reflectance records back over 1000 years. DB appears to capture long term secular trends that agree with other proxy archives in the region but great care is needed when implementing different detrending options. Finally, more experimentation is needed to assess the utility of DB for different conifer species around the Northern Hemisphere.
Leonídia: ela é doida? Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento e Criação Cênica Polifônica
Authors: Peres Marta Simões , Lima André Meyer Alves de
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho aborda a criação do espetáculo “Leonídia: ela é doida?”, pela “Trupe DiVersos”/ Projeto Paratodos/UFRJ. Após a passagem da performance/leitura dramatizada (2014) à montagem do espetáculo (2015), seguiram-se seis apresentações. Leonídia é fruto do curso de extensão “Criação Cênica Polifônica” (CCP), cuja ideia central consistiu em aplicar as noções de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento (PPC) (Bairon e Lazaneo, 2012) e de polifonia (Bakhtin, 2010) na cena. Somados ao contato com manifestações de culturas tradicionais do Brasil, os conceitos materializam-se em arte e demais produções, tais como eventos acadêmicos, material audiovisual e o presente artigo. A criação, roteirização e montagem de um espetáculo por um grupo que tem como característica a diversidade aposta no aumento da permeabilidade entre universidade e sociedade.
Destino: Poesia – tentativas de fazer arte na condição de estrangeiro
Authors: Baffi Diego Elias
Published: March 2017

O presente ensaio parte da conceituação e defesa do status de estrangeiro como potencial condição que proporcione a criação de ações em intervenção urbana em arte, dentre as quais a Palhaçaria Itinerante. Tal é o tema do doutorado do autor, em curso. Deste ponto, descreve e analisa parte das apresentações realizadas por este no 12º Festival Quatre Chemins, ocorrido em Porto Príncipe e Pétion-Ville (Haiti), em novembro de 2015.
Richard Salthouse of Norwich and the Scribe of The Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Bale Anthony
Published: March 2017

“Salthows” or Salthouse has long been acknowledged as the scribe of the unique surviving manuscript of The Book of Margery Kempe. This article proposes a detailed biographical background of Salthouse, identified as Richard Salthouse of Norwich. The connections between Salthouse, Kempe, and the city of Norwich are explored, to deepen our understanding of the context in which Kempe's reputation developed and the context in which the manuscript of the The Book of Margery Kempe was written.
Avaliação da eficiência agronômica da inoculação com AzzoFix® (Azospirillum brasilense, estirpes: Abv5 e Abv6) sobre a cultura do milho
Authors: Ribas Milleo Marcos Vinícius , Cristófoli Pereira Isadora
Published: March 2017

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência agronômica da inoculação com AzzoFix® sobre a cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) foram conduzidos experimentos nas cidades de Ponta Grossa e Palmeira - PR, na safra de 2013/2014. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 1- Testemunha; 2- 50% da dose de nitrogênio (N) recomendada para a cultura e inoculação das sementes com AzoTotal (150 mL 25 kg-1 de sementes); 3- Dose de N recomendada; 4- 50% da dose de N recomendada; 5- Inoculação com Azzofix (100 mL 25 kg de sementes-1); 6-  Azzofix (100 mL 25 kg de sementes-1) + 50% da dose de N recomendada; 7- Azzofix (150 mL 25 kg de sementes-1) e 8- Azzofix (150 mL 25 kg de sementes-1) + 50% da dose de N recomendada (semeadura). Avaliou-se a massa seca de folhas e de raízes (g), o N total na massa seca (N g kg-1), o N total nos grãos (% de N) e o rendimento da cultura em kg ha-1. A inoculação das sementes de milho com Azzofix pode assegurar redução nos custos de produção com incremento no rendimento de grãos da cultura.
A corrupção no contexto atual da mídia
Authors: Rossoni Ana Carolina Gonçalves , Motta Roberta Fin
Published: March 2017

O artigo teve o intuito de suscitar o debate acerca do fenômeno da corrupção na sociedade brasileira. Para tal, realizou-se uma análise de discursos veiculados em matérias do jornal Zero Hora/RS, destacando-se o que se produz a partir deles. Temos como base a Hermenêutica de Profundidade e se discorre acerca das influências ideológicas, das relações de poder e de dominação que se apresentaram. Percebeu-se a influência que a mídia exerce na produção de subjetividade contemporânea e na disseminação de algumas propostas. A pós-modernidade também traz atravessamentos que se acredita serem fundamentais para a compreensão do momento atual. Constatou-se que é necessário ter uma visão dialética acerca dos problemas, com a participação ativa de todos, relativizando opiniões e pensamentos distintos, mantendo um diálogo e troca entre os saberes. É necessário também um investimento na educação da população em geral, para que as pessoas possam pensar e questionar a realidade por si mesmas.
Teaching “Cross-cultural Communication” through Content Based Instruction: Curriculum Design and Learning Outcome from EFL Learners’ Perspectives
Authors: Tseng Chia-Ti Heather
Published: March 2017

This study aims to investigate EFL learners’ perspectives for the effectiveness of content-based instruction in a cross-cultural communication course. The main objectives of this study are three-folds: (1) to examine students’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of content learning; (2) to examine students’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of language learning; and (3) to examine students’ perspectives regarding the effectiveness of cooperative learning and development of critical thinking. Sixty non-English major EFL students from a university in Northern Taiwan participated in this study. A variety of tasks such as readings of a variety of authentic texts, viewing movie and video clips, discussing in groups, and accomplishing a group project were employed to have students actively explore the subject content and concurrently work on their language skills. Students were also required to evaluate their peers’ final group project with provided evaluation criteria. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore what students were able to learn from this course and the challenges they have encountered. The results from students’ feedback revealed their positive gains in the areas of content knowledge as well as the enhanced language skills. Some perceived difficulties among students such as inability to fully comprehend the input or to produce effective output were reported and the pedagogical solutions were suggested. Other benefits such as constructive cooperative learning, enhanced critical thinking, and boosted confidence in the target language use were also reported by the learners.
Impulse oscillometry system: association with pulmonary function in patients with COPD and healthy subjects
Authors: Araujo Cintia Laura Pereira de , Martins Anne Caroline Vieira , Gonçalves Renata Maba , Assumpção Maíra Seabra de , Schivinsky Camila Isabel Santos , Mayer Anamaria Fleig
Published: March 2017

Background: Spirometry is the gold-standard diagnosis test for COPD. However, the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) has proven to be effective for early detection of COPD and little is known about the association between the two techniques in the presence or absence of pulmonary disease. Objective: To investigate the association between lung function and lung mechanics using the IOS in patients with COPD and healthy subjects. Methodology: Eighteen patients with COPD and 18 healthy individuals performed spirometry and the IOS. Results: FEV1 and FEF25-75% correlated with X5Hz (r=0.74; r=0.63), and with R5Hz-R20Hz (r=-0.67; r=-0.51), and FVC moderately correlated with most of the oscillometric parameters (R5Hz, Z5Hz, R5Hz – R20Hz, X5Hz and Fres) in the COPD group. Conclusions: Reactance is related to pulmonary airflow obstruction and peripheral resistance is associated with mean forced expiratory flow. Thus, IOS is a method that can complement spirometric findings in patients with COPD.
Percepção de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o treinamento virtual segundo a American Heart Association
Authors: Oliva Maria Da Penha Monteiro , Aquino Simone
Published: March 2017

Introdução: O ensino virtual é uma ferramenta importante na capacitação de futuros profissionais da área de saúde. Objetivo: O presente estudo propôs a criação de um vídeo aula, sobre a prática correta da mensuração de pressão arterial (PA), como um treinamento para estudantes do curso de enfermagem, ingressantes em um ambulatório integrado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para 200 alunos, após a apresentação da técnica em vídeo, quanto à percepção da mensuração conforme os critérios da American Heart Association (AHA). Resultados: Do total de estudantes, 70% conhecia os padrões da AHA e 43% referiu não conhecer os sons de Korotkoff. O vídeo foi considerado esclarecedor por 91,5% e 94% afirmou ter mais segurança para realizar o procedimento. Conclusão: A revisão em vídeo sobre a técnica, antes do início dos trabalhos de rotina nos ambulatórios, foi positiva na percepção dos graduandos de enfermagem.
Efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora precoce no desenvolvimento de bebês em um abrigo residencial
Authors: Danielli Camila Ramos , Farias Bruna Luciano , Santos Diego Antônio Pereira Bica dos , Neves Fábio Etchichury , Tonetta Maira Canêz , Gerzson Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de
Published: March 2017

Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora precoce no desenvolvimento motor de bebês de abrigos de Porto Alegre, entre 1 e 14 meses. Métodos: Ensaio clinico randomizado com 13 bebês no Grupo Interventivo (GI) e 12 bebês no Grupo Controle (GC). Os bebês foram avaliados pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale e o GI realizou dois meses de intervenção (perseguir objeto com os olhos, manipular brinquedos e controle postural). Resultados: Nas comparações intra grupos, o GC não apresentou diferença no seu desenvolvimento pré e pós intervenção. O GI teve aumento no percentual de normalidade e redução no atraso motor no pós intervenção. Nas comparações entre os grupos, houve significância na pré-intervenção, pois os bebês do GI eram mais atrasados. Na pós intervenção a diferença não permaneceu significativa devido à melhora acentuada no GI. Considerando as posturas, o GI obteve resultados significativos em prono, supino, sedestação, ortostase. O GC obteve significância apenas em ortostase, podendo ser justificada pela maior média de idade nesse grupo. Conclusão: Os bebês do GI melhoraram sua classificação no desenvolvimento motor.
Fisioterapia na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com artrite reumatoide: revisão sistemática
Authors: Knob Bruna , Jorge Matheus Santos Gomes , Zanin Caroline , Wibelinger Lia Mara
Published: March 2017

Introdução: a artrite reumatoide é uma doença reumática inflamatória que causa alterações musculoesqueléticas importantes, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos acometidos. A fisioterapia destaca-se pela sua segurança e evolução apresentada. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos da fisioterapia na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com artrite reumatoide. Materiais e Métodos: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática na base de dados PubMed, a partir dos descritores Rheumatoid Arthritis, Quality of Life e Physical Therapy Specialty, do período de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: encontraram-se 84 artigos. Inicialmente 15 artigos potencialmente relevantes foram selecionados para o estudo, e, após uma análise qualitativa criteriosa, selecionaram-se 06 artigos completos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão exigidos. Conclusão: os estudos indicam que há uma variedade de métodos terapêuticos que possibilitam o manejo da patologia e que a aderência do indivíduo ao protocolo interventivo torna-se indispensável para o sucesso do tratamento fisioterapêutico na qualidade de vida em indivíduos com artrite reumatoide.