Specifics of Green Energy Development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Minasyan L. A. , Blagin A. V. , Kaneeva A. V. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The issues of sustainable development, environmental protection and transition to a low-carbon economy remain relevant for countries worldwide, including the Russian Federation. In the context of global climate change and depletion of traditional energy sources, the need to develop "green" energy has become increasingly important. However, despite the presence of a certain potential, this sector in Russia is still underdeveloped, which is due to various economic, technological and legislative factors. There are numerous theoretical studies on renewable energy sources in the scientific literature, but many aspects of their functioning and development remain insufficiently explored. This scientific gap makes it difficult to fully understand the mechanisms and strategies for its further development.

In connection with the above, this study aims to analyze the current features and trends in the development of green energy in the Russian Federation. The study will also identify potential obstacles and opportunities for the expansion of green energy, as well as ways to overcome negative aspects of its functioning. The objectives of the authors of the study are focused on analyzing the priorities of public policy in Russia as a signatory to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the Kyoto Protocol on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, on determining the impact of public policy, technology and investment on the development of renewable energy sources, as well as on studying factors that can accelerate the country's transition to more sustainable energy models. The results of the study aim not only to fill a current gap in scientific knowledge, but also to provide the basis for developing recommendations that can help optimize energy policy in the country.

Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed legislative materials related to the topic of study. Statistical data on the types of energy capacities in the country over the past decade were used. The study was conducted based on regulatory and legal acts of the Russian Federation. Results from monitoring the implementation of government programs and strategies on the issue were also studied. Content analysis, structural and functional analysis were used as main research methods. The current state of affairs in the energy industry was presented based on the analysis of hierarchies, which was a set of elements, each of which reflected a specific step in achieving the goal.

Results. The clear growth of renewable energy sources (RES) use in the total global energy capacity has been explicated. It has been established that Russia is paying significant attention to the development of renewable energy sources, with a focus on introducing public-private partnerships in this area. Methods and principles of government support aimed at developing this sector, as well as competitive technologies (RES.1 and RES.2) for the commissioning of generating facilities using various forms of renewable energy, have been analyzed. It has been confirmed that the energy development roadmap in Russia corresponds to a proposed hierarchy of strategies based on a hybrid approach. Priorities in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating pollution have also been established.

Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained from the research conducted by the authors indicates that Russia has started to move towards the active implementation of renewable energy sources while not disregarding the use of traditional energy from non-renewable resources, taking steps to minimize associated costs. The development of green energy in the country is still proceeding at a slow rate. Its development is hampered, on the one hand, by the already powerful potential of energy capacities, and on the other hand, by negative factors affecting both the production and use of renewable energy sources. While advocating for a faster transition to green energy, it is important to acknowledge that this process is fraught with challenges that must be predicted and addressed. To do so, a thorough analysis of the impact of different types of renewable energy sources on the environment and human health is necessary. Therefore, the introduction of renewable energy sources should be phased and carefully thought out. In this regard, this topic requires further study.