bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield Response of Peas to Foliar Application of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Cycocel1
Authors: Maurer A. R. , Ormrod D. P. , Adedipe N. O.
Published: September 2022

In field trials at two locations in British Columbia, dimethyl sulfoxide applied as a 5% foliar spray, increased the yield of ‘Dark Skin’ Perfection’ peas by 11.5 and 25.3%. The foliar application of Cycocel at 50 ppm increased yield by 14.6 and 17.4%. The effects of DMSO and Cycocel were additive, there being no interaction.
Reciprocal Grafting of Normal and Dwarf Solo Papaya on Growth and Yield1
Authors: Lange A. H.
Published: September 2022

Scions from ‘Solo’ papaya trees of normal size grafted on dwarf ‘Solo’ stocks resulted in trees with less vigor. Flowering and fruit production occured lower on the stem. The total quantity of fruit was smaller than on normal ‘Solo’ trees.

Dwarf ‘Solo’ scions grafted on normal ‘Solo’ stocks resulted in vigorous trees flowering and producing fruit higher on the stem; there was also more fruit, with less crowding, than on dwarf ‘Solo’.
Phosphorus Metabolism in Plants1
Authors: Hageman R. H.
Published: September 2022

Phosphorus is ubiquitous and multi-functional in plant metabolism and possesses chemical and physical properties that facilitate experimentation. Consequently, it has been extensively studied and the accumulated literature almost defies condensation. A major goal of this presentation is to be provocative with the hope that valid questions will be raised that could lead to productive research.
Mechanical Pollination of Two Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Vaccinium corymbosum1
Authors: Brewer J. W. , Dobson R. C. , Nelson J. W.
Published: September 2022

Mechanical pollination trials using air blasts and vibration to distribute pollen were conducted on the highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. ‘Jersey’ and ‘Rubel’. Neither treatment nor a simultaneous combination of the two gave commercial fruit set for either cultivar. Mechanical trials on the ‘Rubel’ cultivar indicated almost total failure to effect pollination. Production from ‘Jersey’ cultivar mechanical pollination trials was more promising. However, low seed numbers indicated that the increased production of this cultivar might be due to its tendency to set fruit parthenocarpically.
Pre-harvest Defoliation of Apple Nursery Stock using Ethrel1,2
Authors: Cummins J. N. , Fiorino P.
Published: September 2022

Two-year-old apple trees growing in the nursery row were effectively defoliated by sprays of Ethrel at concentrations of 2000, 3750, and 5000 ppm. Retarded shoot growth and polarity reversal indicated that a 5000 ppm concentration was supraoptimal.

The 2000 ppm concentration somewhat delayed early spring growth, but not unacceptably so. Using this or a slightly lower level appears quite promising as a commercial practice. Development of visible root germs was greater on Ethrel treated plants.
A Rapid Method for Obtaining Leaf Samples for Electron Microscopy
Authors: Campbell William F. , Evans John O.
Published: September 2022

This report, describes a rapid and convenient method to obtain leaf disc samples for electron microscopy. It was developed in connection with bio-chemical-ultrastructural studies of herbicidal effects on protein synthesis. It was important to speed up the sampling time and to obtain uniformly sized samples.
Effects of Five Herbicides on Young Apple and Peach Trees1
Authors: Skroch Walter A.
Published: September 2022

The effects of five herbicides, simazine, terbacil, DP 733, trifluralin and dichlobenil were studied at two or three rates and three methods of placement around young apple and peach trees. Golden Delicious apple seedlings exhibited a greater inherent tolerance to the herbicides than June budded Candor peaches. Simazine, terbacil, and DP 733 significantly reduced the growth of both apples and peaches at all levels. Trifluralin and dichlobenil were toxic only when high rates were mixed in the soil around the tree root systems.
Nutritional Quality in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Shallenberger R. S.
Published: September 2022

In speaking on the nutritional quality of vegetables, one might expect a review of the vitamin and mineral content of these foods, vegetable by vegetable and vitamin by vitamin. To do that would be a considerable task, rather uninteresting to listen to, and just mere repetition of material already thoroughly documented in nutrition tables.
Effects of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethylhydrazide (Alar) on Bloom Delay and Fruit Development of Delicious Apples1
Authors: Sullivan D. T. , Widmoyer F. B.
Published: September 2022

Alar applied at the rate of 4000 ppm to ‘Delicious’ apple trees in the fall delayed bloom the following spring four to five days and increased fruit set. At harvest, the fruits were smaller, less elongated, had more advanced ground color and expressible juice. Fruit diameter, over color, flesh color, soluble solids, and respiration rate were not affected.
Effect of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethyl Hydrazide on Carotene Development in ‘Alphonso’ Mango1
Authors: Subramanyam H. , Sebastian K.
Published: September 2022

Five minute dips in aqueous solutions of 2,500 ppm Alar at 25C had no consistent effect on carotene content of the flesh of ‘Alphonso’ mangoes. A similar dip at 53C caused an increase in both total carotenoids and in β-carotene. This was associated with increased respiratory rate and advance of the respiratory climacteric.
Ethylene Levels in Tomato Fruits Following Treatment with Ethrel1
Authors: Dennis F. G. , Wilczynski H. , de la Guardia M. , Robinson R. W.
Published: September 2022

Internal ethylene concentrations in green tomato fruits rose to a maximum of 30 to 70 ppm within 2 to 5 hours of dipping in a 10,000 ppm solution of Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), then fell to approximately 5 ppm after 24 hours. A second rise in ethylene concentration was associated with fruit ripening, and was observed both in treated fruits and in untreated fruits which ripened as a result of removal from the plant. Incubation of Ethrel with homogenates of green tomato fruits likewise resulted in evolution of ethylene. Autoclaving or boiling the homogenates did not affect activity, indicating that release of ethylene from the chemical was non-enzymatic.
Inheritance of Purple Petiole in Carrot, Daucus carota var. sativa1
Authors: Angell F. F. , Gabelman W. H.
Published: September 2022

Dominant monogenic control of purple petiole (G) over green (g) was found in the carrot. Variations observed in intensity of purple suggested presence of modifier genes. Plants having purple petioles were easily identified at all stages of growth following true-leaf formation.
Tomato Protection from Atrazine Residue by Activated Carbon Root Dips1
Authors: Kratky B. A. , Warren G. F.
Published: September 2022

Root dips of tomato transplants in slurries of activated carbon provided significant but not total protection from a 1 lb./A simulated residue of atrazine in the soil. Although activated carbon slurries did not damage roots, direct contact with the foliage caused severe injury.
Environmental Pollution: A Dual Problem for Horticulture
Authors: Ryder Edward J.
Published: September 2022

It is said that environmental pollution is a cause that everybody can identify with, perhaps because it is so easy to blame others for it. Yet a little closer inquiry will show that nearly all of us contribute to pollution. The automobile emits polluting substances, but only when we drive it. High phosphate detergents cause eutrophication in our fresh waters, but only because we wash with them. We buy the products of the steel industry, and we use the electricity provided by the power companies.
Preparing Slides to Show at Scientific Meetings
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Nelson K. E.
Published: September 2022

Success in presenting a paper at meetings of the Society requires that slides be of high quality and properly used. A paper has only one purpose- to inform. A slide has only one purpose- to portray information for quick understanding.
Modifying the Environment
Authors: Feder William A.
Published: September 2022

We are living in an age which is witness to unparalleled technological development. However, in the headlong rush towards technological sophistication and mechanized living, we have not been able to, or have not chosen, to forsee the large scale evnironmental alterations which would necessarily result from these vast and diverse activities.
Alleviating the Effects of Pollution by Modifying the Plant
Authors: Gabelman W. H.
Published: September 2022

From the earlier papers in this symposium it should be apparent that horticulturists have 2 basic concerns with pollution; namely, how do pollutants effect the growth of the plant and how do pollutants effect the animals that utilize the plant. We are interested in exclusion of the pollutant from the metabolic areas of the plant and tolerance to the pollutants when in the metabolic areas or both. The response of plants may be lethal, sublethal, or without any apparant change. But if the effect is not lethal, the plant has built-in adaptive systems to enhance its probability for adaptation and survival. This knowledge gives mankind a tool for survival also.
Ethylene: Involvement in Shuck Dehiscence in Pecan Fruits [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch1]
Authors: Lipe John A. , Morgan Page W.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene evolution by detached pecan fruits was measured periodically from mid-season until the completion of shuck dehiscence. Less than 1 µ1 ethylene per kg fresh wt/hr was produced until approximately 1 wk before the initiation of shuck dehiscence, when a maximum rate of almost 20 µ1. per kg/hr was attained. The timing and magnitude of the ethylene peak suggests that ethylene may be a hormonal regulator of dehiscence.
Determination of the Time of Onset of Rest in Spur and Shoot Buds of Apricot1
Authors: Ramsay Juan , Martin George C. , Brown Dillon S.
Published: September 2022

Apricot shoots were defoliated and spurs were decapitated and defoliated on successive dates to determine the onset of rest in specific axillary buds. While the spurs were still growing and the leaves expanding decapitation alone would induce axillary bud growth. Later, when the spurs and leaves stopped growing both decapitation and defoliation were necessary to induce axillary bud growth. Eventually when the onset of rest occurred both decapitation and defoliation would not induce bud growth. Decapitation alone was enough to induce bud growth of terminal shoots. After the onset of rest decapitation and defoliation would not induce bud growth in the terminal shoot buds.
Fruit Development in Short and Long Cycle Blueberries1
Authors: Edwards T. W. , Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: September 2022

Growth cycle studies of blueberry fruit were investigated for 3 Florida selections ‘4-15’, ‘4-71’ and ‘Bluegem’ (‘6-164’) which differed in the length of time from an thesis to maturity. The 3 stages of fruit development were exemplified by a double-sigmoid curve. Fruit size increase in stage I was due primarily to cell division and in stage III to cell enlargement. Delayed growth rate in stage II was accompanied by rapid development of the embryo and endosperm. Duration of individual stages varied with the clone and temperature and the length of each growth stage was important in determining the time required from anthesis to fruit maturity.
Horticulture and Horticulturists When ASHS was Organized
Authors: Magness John R.
Published: September 2022

At the beginning of this century, horticulture, both as an industry and as a science, was far removed from its present development. Let us look first at the industry.
Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties List 25
Authors: Brooks Reid M. , Olmo H. P.
Published: September 2022

Carma.Orig. in Carlos, Alberta, Canada, by Robert Erskine. Introd. in 1963. Parentage unknown. Fruit: crab; to 1 3/4 inch diam; globular; flesh juicy, spicy, core small. Tree: very hardy.
Effect of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhyrazide on the Growth of Marigold in Long and Short Photoperiods1
Authors: McConnell Dennis B. , Esther Struckmeyer B.
Published: September 2022

Succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) was applied as a foliar spray to ‘Sovereign’, an F1 cultivar of Tagetes erecta L., grown in a complete nutrient solution. Alar was applied weekly as a foliar spray at concn of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm to plants grown under both short and long days. Short day control plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and had shorter leaves than the long day control plants. In each photoperiod, all plants treated with Alar were significantly shorter than the controls because of shorter in tern odes. Dry wt of the tops of treated plants were significantly less than the controls, but the dry wt of the roots were not significantly different. Leaf length and no. of nodes were not affected by the different concn. In short days, Alar delayed flowering up to 8 days, but did not affect the size of the terminal flower.
Cold Resistance and Acclimation in Woody Plants12
Authors: Weiser C. J.
Published: September 2022

Low temperature is acknowledged to be the single most important factor limiting the distribution of plants (70). Freezing damage to horticultural crops is a ubiquitous problem of major economic significance even in sub-tropical regions. Among the more commonly recognized types of freezing injury are sunscald and frost splitting of tree trunks, winter burn on conifer foliage, blackheart in stems of trees and shrubs, soil heaving damage and crown kill of herbaceous perennials, die-back in citrus, mid-winter kill of dormant flower buds, and spring and autumn frost damage of tender annuals, flowers and fruits.
Growth Substances in Dormant Fruit Buds and Seeds
Authors: Walker David R.
Published: September 2022

A number of chemical studies have attempted to define the triggering mechanism that causes a plant to enter or leave rest and initiate growth in the Spring. As techniques have improved, emphasis has shifted from minerals, carbohydrates, and proteins, to growth substances within the plant. Previous reviews of the dormancy literature (41, 55, 59, 84) have included a number of references pertaining to dormancy. For the purpose of this review, growth substances are considered as being produced within the plant, physiologically active in minute quantities, and translocated from site of production to site of activity. Four groups of chemicals satisfy these criteria: auxins, gibberellins (GA), cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) (2,45, 80).
Lowbush Blueberry Growth as Influenced by 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid1
Authors: Valenzuela J. B. , Kender W. J.
Published: September 2022

Aerial shoot growth and rhizome production of greenhouse grown lowbush blueberry plants were stimulated by foliar applications of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) at 50 and 100 ppm. Increasing concentrations of 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 ppm resulted in a correspondingly greater growth inhibition. At 100 ppm, Ethrel solutions without a surfactant caused growth promotion when compared to plants treated with Ethrel with a surfactant.
The Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Rooting and Survival of Air-Layered Branches of the Pecan, Carya illinoensis Koch, cv. ‘Stuart’1
Authors: Sparks Darrell , Chapman J. W.
Published: September 2022

The percentage of rooting and survival of 1-year old non-juvenile pecan branches air-layered 50 days after bud break and left on the tree for about 5 1/2 months increased as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was increased from 0 to 3%. After 1 season’s growth, maximum survival occurred with air-layers that had been treated with 3% IBA. Shoot growth of the air-layers was relatively short.
Orange Peel Topography as Affected by a Preharvest Plastic Spray1
Authors: Gene Albrigo L. , Eldon Brown G.
Published: September 2022

Mature ‘Valencia’ oranges when sprayed 2 months prior to harvest in the spring of 1969 with a 1 or 3% solution of Pinolene, a liquid polyterpene plastic film former, were greener at harvest, lost less wt, and had better appearance than control fruit after 9 weeks of storage. Fresh and fixed sections of peel from control and plastic-treated ‘Hamlin’ orange fruit from trees sprayed 2 months before harvest with a 1% solution of Pinolene were observed with a scanning-electron microscope after harvest. The surfaces of control fruit showed considerable variation with some areas having essentially no epicuticular wax platelets while other areas were completely covered. On sprayed fruit, plastic often partially masked the wax platelet edges. On control fruit, the openings to the outer stomatal chambers were usually unobstructed although the stomatal pores between the guard cells were often plugged. In most cases, the openings to the outer stomatal chambers of sprayed fruit were partially or completely obstructed with plastic.
Rating of Pear Cultivars for Resistance to Fire Blight1
Authors: Oitto W. A. , van der Zwet T. , Brooks H. J.
Published: September 2022

Natural infections of fire blight following 2 years of epiphytotic conditions caused severe blight damage in the pear cultivar collection at Beltsville, Maryland. Of 522 cultivars rated with the USDA fire blight scoring system, 88% were highly susceptible, 2% were moderately susceptible, 4% were moderately resistant, 5% were highly resistant, and 2% had no blight symptoms. Names of pear cultivars in each resistance class are listed.
Graduate Programs in Horticulture
Authors: Krezdorn A. H.
Published: September 2022

There is much ferment among horticulturists as to the posture of horticultural research and teaching. Some question the very existence of horticulture as a science and the need for graduate degrees in a commodity-oriented field.
Are We Training Our Undergraduates as Professional Horticulturists?
Authors: Mahlstede J. P.
Published: September 2022

Most of us gathered here consider ourselves professional horticulturists. Some define their profession as that of teacher, scientist, or extension specialist. Others regard themselves as commodity-oriented professionals in olericulture, pomology, viticulture, ornamental horticulture, or enology. Summaries from questionnaires emanating from the composite of study committees of this organization suggest that professional horticulturists might be classified by field of science; that is, broadly as biologists, with specializations in physiology, morphology, ecology, cell biology, molecular genetics, and so forth.
Are We Training Our Students for the Job?
Authors: Floate Ray
Published: September 2022

The opportunity of participating in this program is certainly a challenge. Although I am not an expert in the field of education or personnel relations, I believe that I do know something about the kind of people we need to successfully operate a fruit and vegetable processing business.
In-Service Training Programs for Extension Staff1
Authors: Minges P. A.
Published: September 2022

The trend in extension education is toward greater specialization and increased responsibility among the field staff for the educational programs directed to specific audiences. This generally leads to a greater demand for in-service training of extension agents. It is often true that the specialized extension agent arrives on his job with more training in his speciality, but sadly lacking in much of the knowledge and many of the skills essential to conduct an effective extension program in his area of responsibility. Though most good extension workers gradually acquire essential knowledge and develop skills through their own efforts, they should reach a desirable level of competence in much less time if some formal in-service training is provided. For experienced personnel, programs to help keep them up-to-date are highly desirable, and in some cases, special training is needed to prepare them for new responsibilities.
Cucumber Sex Expression Modified by Growth Regulators1
Authors: Freytag A. H. , Lira E. P. , Isleib D. R.
Published: September 2022

Application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (10 ppm) to monoecious cucumber plants at the first true leaf has produced predominately staminate flowers on treated plants while treatment with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (100 ppm) resulted in predominately pistillate flowers on treated plants. These 2 growth regulators applied together produced about the same effect as 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid alone.
Repetitive Flowering from a Single Floral Axis in Camellia1
Authors: Ackerman W. L.
Published: September 2022

An unusual flowering phenomenon has been observed for 4 consecutive years on an unnamed Camellia japonica clone, PI 276119. While many faded blossoms dropped from the plants, others remained firmly attached. The inner portion of the tightly folded center of each persistant faded blossom remained pinkish-white. These centers expanded and were similar to emerging flower buds except they did not have bud scales. Elongation of the old flower axis placed the new bud slightly above the old flower. Following a resting stage of 6 weeks to about 4 months, new blossoms developed on the same axis and directly above the old flowers. During the 1970 season as many as 3 successive blooms were observed one upon the other.

The physiological aspects of this phenomenon are contrary to normal flower bud development in camellia. Repetitive flowering from a single floral axis appears to violate the principle of determinate growth of flower buds.
The Boring Monopole
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Nee Michael
Published: September 2022

We study false vacuum decays catalysed by metastable magnetic
monopoles which act as tunnelling sites with exponentially enhanced
decay rates. Metastable monopoles are configurations where the monopole
core is in the true vacuum of the scalar potential. The field profiles
describing the decay do not have the typically assumed
O(3)/O(4)O(3)/O(4)
symmetry, thus requiring an extension of the usual decay rate
calculation. To numerically determine the saddle point solutions which
describe the tunnelling process we use a new algorithm based on the
mountain pass theorem. This method can be applied more widely to phase
transitions with reduced symmetry, such as decays away from the zero and
infinite temperature limits. In our setup monopole-catalysed tunnelling
can dominate over the homogeneous false vacuum decay for a wide range of
parameters, significantly modify the gravitational wave signal or
trigger phase transitions which would otherwise never complete. A single
boring monopole in our Hubble patch may determine the lifetime of our
current vacuum.
From MSE to Correntropy, a friendly survey
Authors: Martins Allan de Medeiros
Published: September 2022

Correntropy is a metric that has been widely used in place of the root mean square error in problems where it is intended to minimize the divergence between data and models. In particular, machine learning is currently in focus, where increasingly complex models require increasingly statistically heterogeneous data. In this article we will give an introduction to correntropy in a friendly and intuitive way. Contrary to purely technical summaries, we will try to balance a precisely technical language with a freer and more informal text. We will present the history of how correntropy came to be developed, in order to lead the reader to a coherent temporal sequence that will facilitate the precise understanding of this new metric.
A tale of two contaminants: stark differences in the response of N and P to urban lake mitigation efforts
Authors: Cox Tim , Wolosoff Steven , Shum Clifford , Nik-Khah Taraneh
Published: September 2022

A constructed in-lake water quality mitigation system has proven itself to be effective at reducing Machado Lake phosphorus (P) levels, but ineffective at reducing nitrogen (N) levels. A combination of lake sediment dredging and capping, oxygenation, and a recirculating wetland have reduced lake water column P levels by nearly 50%, as compared to pre-project levels. Key to this result has been the dampening of seasonal P recycling in the sediments. A new lake water quality numerical model is presented, with applications to both pre- and post-project conditions. Model auditing has revealed very good results with respect to predicting mitigation impacts on P but poor results with respect to predicting the performance, or lack thereof, of the N mitigation system. Model sensitivity analyses indicate that the P reductions are primarily attributable to the sediment dredging and capping. Conversely, seasonal data, supported by modeling, suggest that the poor performance of the N mitigation system may be attributable to incomplete removal, or sequestration, of sediment N mass during dredging and/or a lack of impact from the oxygenation system. Future mitigation efforts for the lake should focus on reducing the substantial watershed nutrient loads to the lake and further in-lake P inactivation.
Adaptive ecological baseflow computation based on the ecological requirements: a case study in Weihe Basin, China
Authors: Liu Dandan , Xie Jiancang , Yang Xue , Wei Na , Gao Shuang , Yang Zijie
Published: September 2022

A certain flow plays a key role in preventing the shrinkage and drying of the river while maintaining good functionality. In recent years, ecological baseflow has become an important research issue in China with the emergence of ecological protection. Various ecological baseflow methods and their improvement methods were proposed and applied, but the reliability and applicability of the results are yet to be verified. This paper proposes an advanced ecological baseflow computation-dynamic thematic evaluation service model by considering the ecological protection objectives. The method was applied to five key cross-sections of the Weihe River, and a set of recommended ecological baseflow values was obtained considering the connectivity, water environment, and water-sediment balance, which is in line with the actual requirements. The analysis shows that the method has reliability and operability, which can provide support for management decisions.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS DE ALAGAMENTOS NA CIDADE DE PAU DOS FERROS – RN
Authors: Vilaça Izabel Letícia Vieira Vilaça , Costa Franklin Roberto
Published: September 2022

O acelerado crescimento urbano ocorrido nas cidades brasileiras fez surgir inúmeros problemas ambientais, como é o caso dos alagamentos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou o mapeamento dos principais pontos de alagamentos na cidade de Pau dos Ferros - RN. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre temas como alagamentos, geotecnologias e urbanização. O mapeamento dos pontos de alagamentos se deu tendo como suporte, o Software QGIS. Foram realizadas visitas à campo para a elaboração dos mapas temáticos com os pontos identificados e a verificação da drenagem da cidade produzida em laboratório. Concluiu-se que os alagamentos são originados da falta de políticas públicas no planejamento territorial, observados pela ausência e/ou deficiência na drenagem urbana, tendo como consequência, a insuficiência na vazão necessária para o escoamento das águas pluviais.
MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO A PARTIR DE PERFIS TOPOGRÁFICOS EM TRANSECTO NA BR-304, EIXO OESTE-LESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Moura Anderson , De Freitas Amorim Rodrigo , Pinheiro Maia Rubson , Cunha de Souza Laecio
Published: September 2022

O artigo em questão apresenta o emprego de perfis topográficos para o mapeamento geomorfológico, utilizando de um transecto situado no eixo entre Mossoró/RN e Natal/RN ao longo da BR-304. Seu objetivo é mostrar as etapas técnico-metodológicas para a elaboração de perfis topográficos a partir de procedimentos de geotecnologias, evidenciando e descrevendo estruturas geológicas-geomorfológicas superficiais e subsuperficiais. Para alcança-lo, foi elaborado toda as diretrizes de aquisição e montagem dos perfis topográficos, que perpassam desde atividade de campo, até procedimentos com aplicação de softwares de geoprocessamento para montagem e representação da geomorfologia. Foram totalizados 6 perfis com suas devidas discussões, que reforçam a necessidade do emprego da técnica à temática em mais estudos específicos.
ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA E TURISMO COMO LUZES PARA UMA INCURSÃO PELOS CAMINHOS DA TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Melo Thiago Sebastiano de , Marques Maria Laura Victoria
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste texto é contribuir com a teoria crítica do turismo utilizando como objeto de análise as experiências econômicas-solidárias denominadas grupos de consumo responsável (GCR). Sobretudo, o intuito é avançar na indagação: Quanto as pessoas estão dispostas a adaptar seus hábitos de consumo diante das demandas coletivas? Para tanto, serão realizadas uma revisão bibliográfica e uma sistematização de dados empíricos coletados no cotidiano da construção e manutenção da Rede Bem da Terra e do GCR Feira Virtual Bem da Terra. É possível concluir que o consórcio entre turismo e economia solidária constitui pontes que auxiliam a superar dificuldades locais e estruturais, gerando oportunidade de mobilidade econômica, além do fortalecimento de vínculos territoriais e sociais.
Environmental Microbiology: Introduction and Scope
Authors: Sharma Dhriti , Bhardwaj Savita , Pujari Mamta , Bhardwaj Renu , Kapoor Dhriti
Published: September 2022

Environmental microbiology deals with the role of microorganisms in
supporting a thriving, viable and inhabitable environment. It helps to figure out the
nature and functioning of the microbial population residing in all parts of the biosphere,
i.e., air, water, and soil. Microbes are known to affect the environment both negatively
and positively, as their contamination may lead to serious health issues on one hand,
whereas various welfare activities like degradation of organic material, being a source
of nutrients in food chains, recycling of nutrients, and bioremediation of pollutants are
also associated with them on the other hand. In a way, their practical importance makes
them a special tool in the hands of environment microbiologists to lessen the
deleterious impact of different environmental problems. The degradation potential of
microbes earns them a place in treating wastewater, containing organic and inorganic
impurities being originated in public and industrial arenas whereby minerals, nutrients,
and a number of other eco-friendly by-products are also generated. Microbial species
like Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Wolinella are few among those species which
are commonly engaged in this process of degradation of harmful effluents being
continuously added into the environment, thus ensuring the safety and sustenance of
the latter.
Furthermore, their degradative abilities also help them to effectively confront and
conquer the problem of oil spillage in sea waters resulting in less ecological damage.
The manipulation of microbes in the present times has gained quite an important place
in our lives in which this discipline of environmental microbiology contributes by
unraveling all such possibilities of utilizing the microbes to our benefit. The present
chapter provides a deep insight into this important branch of microbiology and its
scope, which will help better understand its role in other fields such as agriculture,
medicine, pharmacy, clinical research, and chemical and water industries.
Understanding Promising Anticancer Targets for Heterocyclic Leads: An Introduction
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Akhter Mymoona , Kumar Singh Rajesh
Published: September 2022

With the second-highest cause of mortality in the world, cancer becomes a
major threat around the globe. In the last few decades, heterocyclic compounds,
obtained naturally or synthetically, have been developed as a potential scaffold for
developing many anticancer drugs. Heterocyclic compounds due to heteroatoms such
as oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur can be employed as hydrogen bond donors as well as
acceptors. Thus, they can bind suitably to pharmacological targets and receptors via
intermolecular H-bonds more effectively, giving pharmacological effects. They can
also alter liposolubility, hence the aqueous solubility of drug molecules to achieve
remarkable pharmacotherapeutic properties. These heterocyclic leads exert the
anticancer activity by a distinctive mechanism such as inhibiting Bcl-2, Mcl-1 proteins
(induce apoptosis), inhibiting PIM proteins (hinder the cellular process and signal
transduction in cells), inhibiting DNA topoisomerase, inhibiting aromatase (inhibit
replication and transcription), modulating epigenetic mechanisms (inhibit histone
deacetylase/HDAC) and inhibiting cellular mitosis (tubulin inhibitors).The current
chapter aims to describe these promising anticancer targets. The novel targets are also
illustrated with a pictorial presentation to understand heterocyclic drugs action on
various cancer targets. This chapter will facilitate researchers, pharmacologists, and
medicinal chemists in the understanding mechanism of heterocyclic drugs, which can
help develop new anticancer agents.
Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Recent Advancement and Future Directions
Authors: Chaudhary Anurag , Singh Kalpana , Verma Nishant , Sharma Alok
Published: September 2022

Cancer is one of the biggest health-care challenges to human race and
requires an innovative treatment strategy for cure. Undesirable side effects and rapid
development of resistance to the conventional therapy have made the scenario more
alarming. The chemical diversity of the natural products is immense and therefore is an
amazing reserve for the finding of novel anticancer agents. Further, natural products
have played a significant role in providing the novel and effective treatment inputs in
the field on anticancer research. The compounds obtained from these sources range
from a simple peptide, Dolastatin 10, to a complex polyether, Halichonrin B. Natural
products have been source of many anticancer agents that are being used in clinical or
pre-clinical trials. Further, many compounds derived from natural products have shown
potential to be future anticancer agents. Due to their actions on numerous targets
natural products are considered ideal for anticancer drug development. Further, their
selectivity towards cancer cells is more in comparison to conventional treatment, so
their toxicity is lower. This chapter summarizes the progress and ongoing
developments in natural products and their analogs as anticancer agents. The
challenges and future prospects of natural products based anticancer agents are also
discussed.
Role of Nanocomposites in Environmental Remediation: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Rai Premanjali
Published: September 2022

Nanocomposites offer an exclusive advantage over bulk materials in terms
of efficiency on account of their greater surface area, higher reactivity, ease of
modification, good dispersion, and hence, multi-faceted applications. The various
forms of nanocomposites derived from low-cost resources, especially carbon-based
materials, are of unique interest. Activated carbons offer the unique advantage as the
matrix for nanocomposites synthesis due to their graphite structure, thereby providing
strength and the ease of modification on the surface of nanocomposites while
introducing desired functional groups. Apart from this, they are widely popular for
their large surface area and porosity. Therefore, carbon-based nanocomposites offer
vivid applications in various fields, such as environmental remediation as adsorbents,
suitable sorbents in the analytical determination of organics, targeted drug delivery,
diagnostic agents, fuel cells and sensors, to name a few. Amongst these, the role of
nanocomposites as sensors and environmental remediation tools has been studied
extensively. The varied modes of action include adsorption, nano-catalysis, membrane
filtration, etc ., for pollutants ranging from inorganic ions, heavy metals, pesticides,
dyes, anti-bacterials, oil spills, and many more. However, there are constraints in their
stability, cost, storage and disposal triggered by varying environmental conditions.This
chapter presents a review of the synthesis, application and challenges of nanostructured
composite materials in environmental remediation.
Advancement of Topological Nanostructures for Various Applications
Authors: Pal Debarati , Patil Swapnil
Published: September 2022

Topological materials are characterized by a unique band topology that is
prominently distinct from ordinary metals and insulators. This new type of quantum
material exhibits insulating bulk and conducting surface states that are robust against
time-reversal invariant perturbations. In 2009, Bi2Se3
, Sb2Te3
and Bi2Te3
were predicted
as 3D Topological insulators (TIs) with a single Dirac cone at the surface state. For
application purposes, however, bulk conductivity due to Se vacancy in Bi2Se3
or anti site defects in Bi2Te3
has been a challenging issue. In order to achieve an enhanced
surface conductivity over the bulk, nanomaterials are irreplaceable. Nanostructures'
high surface to volume ratio provides a good platform for investigating the topological
existence of surface states. By tuning the position of Fermi level through field effect
gating, it is also possible to terminate the bulk residual carriers. Moreover, the
synthesis of nanomaterials allows for morphological, electronic, and chemical
regulation, resulting in the ability to design structures with desired TI properties at the
nanoscale. In this article, we review various technological applications of
nanostructured topological insulators. We also survey the implementation of
topological nanomaterials in the field of optoelectronic devices, p-n junction,
superconducting materials, field effect transistor, memory device and spintronics,
ultrafast photodetection, and quantum computations.
The Advancement in Research and Technology with New Kinds of Hollow Structures
Authors: Sharma Sakshi , Shrivastav A. K. , Oudhia Anjali , Verma Mohan L
Published: September 2022

Hollow structures are one of the most highlighted topics of research in
nanotechnology. These hollow structures can be in the form of nanospheres,
nanocages, nanorods, nano boxes, etc. They can be single-layered or multi-layered,
with different kinds of doping. All these variations in hollow structures open up various
fields of research, from biomedicines to optoelectronics. With the discovery of hollow
structures like carbon buckyball, nanotubes, etc., several application-based -research
was carried out, both theoretically as well as experimentally. Modifications are
observed in the properties of a material when formed in a hollow shape like better
conductivity, trapping capacity, catalytic effect, etc. These properties were the
highlight of the studies. This field is still under investigation, and there is a lot of scope
for new possibilities in the future. This chapter covers the basic information about
different kinds of hollow structures like carbon buckyball, variations in their properties,
along with recent developments and their applications. This chapter also includes
detailed research about buckyball structures of ZnO, ZnS, and Al-doped ZnO using
simulations with their comparative study and future applications.
FEATURES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AT THE OTOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD AND NECK SURGERY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Herych O. M. , Popovych V. I. , Orishchak D. T. , Koshel I. V. , Vasylіuk N. V. , Herych P. R. , Orishchak O. R.
Published: September 2022

Quality education is the key to the country's future, essential to its national identity and welfare. In the modern labor market, the requirements for professional competencies of graduates are growing. This situation led to new forms and higher education methods aimed at creating a comprehensive continuing education system and expanding the scope of independent student work that will form self-organization skills and self-education [1,2].

Distance learning is a purposeful process of interaction between teacher and student, based on the use of modern information and telecommunication technologies that allow distance learning, which is relevant in today's conditions. [3,4,5,6]. The widespread of distance learning is not accidental. It is a natural development stage and education adaptation to current conditions [7,8]. The introduction of distance learning at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is an important part of education in higher medical schools in current conditions.

Otorhinolaryngology is a clinical discipline, so the learning process cannot be carried out in distance learning based only on test control and oral answer. Thus, teachers should use quality illustrative material and modern resources such as the School of Evidence-Based Medicine, the Academy of Otorhinolaryngology "Eurolor", Ivano-Frankivsk School of Otolaryngology, to motivate students to study and think logically using clinical information and medical knowledge to solve complex clinical problems. Those resources have many videos of clinical cases with real patients, comments during the process of clinical examination and chosen treatment strategy, and in the case of surgical treatment, demonstration of all stages of the surgical procedure from the operating room.

Our work aimed to improve the quality of distance learning by systematizing the acquired knowledge and professional skills based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.
DOPPLER ASSESSMENT OF UTERO-PLACENTAL HEMODYNAMICS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19)
Authors: Ryzhyk V. M. , Vdovenko A. V.
Published: September 2022

The latest viral disease, which continues to spread today, is caused by a new coronavirus and poses a serious threat to public health around the world. To date, the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women and infants have not been fully studied and remain a key area of interest. The study aimed to assess utero-placental circulation using Doppler ultrasound for pregnant women with a case history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A Doppler screening of utero-placental hemodynamics was performed for 156 pregnant women at 18-22 weeks. Of those, 75 pregnant women with a case history of coronavirus disease COVID-19 were in the first trimester of pregnancy. An abnormal blood flow was observed within the experimental group in 14 cases (18.6%). The analysis of spectrograms revealed the unevenness of the diastolic component with the formation of a dicrotic notch in the early diastolic phase in 5 cases (6.6%). In comparison with the control group, pregnant women with COVID-19 were twice as likely to have impaired blood flow in the uterine arteries. Uterine artery doppler measurement is really important for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal losses. Doppler indices of utero-placental blood flow have clinical value for pregnant women who have recovered from COVID-19.
STRUCTURAL-GEOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN THE EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL REMODELATION OF THE HEART OF THE HEAD OF CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN THE INFLAMMATION
Authors: Nyshchuk-Oliynyk N. B.
Published: September 2022

Stable coronary artery disease in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of disability and mortality. Therefore, the study of prognostic factors in the combination of these diseases remains relevant. The question of the influence of the inflammatory component on the development of atherosclerosis in patients with CCS in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus is studied in this article. The influence of the severity of chronic systemic inflammation on the features of myocardial remodeling in such a combined pathology remains unclear.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of LV myocardial remodeling on the background of chronic systemic inflammation in patients with stable coronary artery disease with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus.

120 patients were examined, including 90 patients with SCAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (group I) and 30 patients with SCAD (group II). Patients in both groups had SCAD: angina class II-III by CCS classification. It was found that in patients with SCAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus and without it, type 1 diastolic heart dysfunction prevailed (relaxation disorders). Prognostically unfavorable type of remodeling, concentric LV hypertrophy, predominated in patients with SCAD associated with type 2 diabetes.

The study showed that the increase in the integrated indicators of chronic systemic inflammation in patients with SCAD with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, and this should be considered when choosing tactics of patient management.

Conclusion: In our opinion, local disruption of lipid transport in the tissue is the basis of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall, which develops independently of inflammation in it, but is significantly potentiated by the mediators of inflammation.

Reconstruction of structural and functional parameters of the heart and disorders of intracardiac hemodynamics are characteristic of patients with SCAD without and in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in the latter case is more profound. These processes are initiated and deepened against the background of chronic systemic inflammation, which may be marked with elevated levels of ST2, hs-SRP, TMAO, TLR2, TLR4 and hematological indices.
FEATURES OF COVID-19-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN UNVACCINATED PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Skakun O. Z.
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an important medical and social problem. Comorbidities may aggravate the clinical course of COVID-19 and increase mortality. The aimof this study was to investigate the clinical course of the COVID-19 in patients withstages IІ and III hypertension. 135 unvaccinated patients hospitalized for the COVID-19complicated by pneumonia were examined. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups: the main group (106 patients with hypertension) and the control group (29 patients without hypertension). In the main group, 11.3% of patients died, and in the control group, 6.9% of patients died. The mean age of the dead patients of both groups was higher than the mean age of the survivors (p = 0.035). It was found that patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher mortality rate than patients who did not have diabetes mellitus (RR=  2.96 [1.01–8.67], p = 0.047). Also, in the main group, the body mass index in patients who died was higher than in survivors (p = 0.02). Creatinine level at the time of discharge was higher in the main group (97.8 ± 4.0 μmol/L) than in the control group (84.2 ± 6.2 μmol/L) (p = 0.008). So, the lethality rate due to COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia in unvaccinated inpatients was 10.4%. Increased body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and old age are risk factors for death from the COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia.
POSTCOVID DEPRESSION: DIAGNOSIS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT
Authors: Pitulei V. V.
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the problem of postcovid depression. The main diagnostic criteria and symptoms of depressive disorder are outlined. It is indicated that the basic symptoms include: depressed mood, loss of curiosity and pleasure from daily activities, increased fatigue, loss of energy and decreased activity. The risk factors that most influence the formation of depressive disorders are analyzed. These factors include: job loss, divorce, loss of relatives, high levels of personal anxiety, and stressful life events. The main goal of therapy in patients with VDR is complete functional recovery and return to the premorbid state. The difficulty of treating depressive disorders lies in the lack of complete recovery in the case of severe or complicated forms of depressive disorders. The author identifies the main emotional and cognitive signs of depressive disorder, namely: low or increased mood, feelings of anxiety and unreasonable anxiety, irritability or manifestations of anger towards yourself or other people, repeated negative thoughts about yourself, about drug addicts and the future, reduced concentration of attention, apathy, inattention. Recovery from depression is not the absence of negative affective symptoms, but the restoration of normal emotional functioning, the ability to be yourself and experience positive emotions. The goal of psychotherapy for depression is to change the patient's negative thoughts, emotional state and mood.