bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a regularization method for solving linear Noetherian boundary value problem for difference system
Authors: Chuiko Sergei , Chuiko Elena , Kalinichenko Yaroslav
Published: March 2020

The article proposes unusual regularization conditions as well as a scheme for finding bounded solutions of the linear Noetherian boundary value problem for a system of difference equations in the critical case, significantly using the Moore-Penrose matrix pseudo-inversion technology. The problem posed in the article continues the study of the a sufficient condition for solvability and regularization conditions for linear Noetherian boundary value problems in the critical case given in the monographs by A.N. Tikhonov, V.Ya. Arsenin, S.G. Krein, A.M. Samoilenko, N.V. Azbelev, V.P. Maksimov, L.F. Rakhmatullina and A.A. Boichuk. The general case is studied in which a linear bounded operator corresponding to a homogeneous part of a linear Noetherian boundary value problem has no inverse. The noninvertibility of the operators corresponding to a homogeneous part of a linear Noetherian boundary value problem is a consequence of the fact that the number of boundary conditions does not coincide with the number of unknown variables of the difference equations. Using the theory of generalized inverse operators and Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse matrix in the article, a generalized Green operator is constructed and the type of a linear perturbation of a regularized linear Noether boundary value problem for a system of difference equations in the critical case is found. The proposed regularization conditions, as well as the scheme for finding of bounded solutions to linear Noetherian boundary value problems for a system of difference equations in the critical case, are illustrated in details with examples. In contrast to the earlier articles of the authors, the regularization problem for a linear Noether boundary value problem for a system of difference equations in the critical case has been resolved constructively, and sufficient conditions has been obtained for the existence of a bounded solution to the regularization problem.
Keller-Osserman a priori estimates for doubly nonlinear anisotropic parabolic equations with absorption term
Authors: Shan Maria
Published: March 2020

We are concerned with divergence type quasilinear parabolic equation with measurable coefficients and lower order terms model of which is a doubly nonlinear anisotropic parabolic equations with absorption term. This class of equations has numerous applications which appear in modeling of electrorheological fluids, image precessing, theory of elasticity, theory of non-Newtonian fluids with viscosity depending on the temperature. But the qualitative theory doesn't construct for these anisotropic equations. So, naturally, that during the last decade there has been growing substantial development in the qualitative theory of second order anisotropic elliptic and parabolic equations. The main purpose is to obtain the pointwise upper estimates in terms of distance to the boundary for nonnegative solutions of such equations. This type of estimates originate from the work of J. B. Keller, R. Osserman, who obtained a simple upper bound for any solution, in any number of variables for Laplace equation. These estimates play a crucial role in the theory of existence or nonexistence of so called large solutions of such equations, in the problems of removable singularities for solutions to elliptic and parabolic equations. Up to our knowledge all the known estimates for large solutions to elliptic and parabolic equations are related with equations for which some comparison properties hold. We refer to I.I. Skrypnik, A.E. Shishkov, M. Marcus , L. Veron, V.D. Radulescu for an account of these results and references therein. Such equations have been the object of very few works because in general such properties do not hold. The main ones concern equations only in the precise choice of absorption term \(f(u)=u^q\). Among the people who published significative results in this direction are I.I. Skrypnik, J. Vetois, F.C. Cirstea, J. Garcia-Melian, J.D. Rossi, J.C. Sabina de Lis. The main result of the paper is a priori estimates of Keller-Osserman type for nonnegative solutions of a doubly nonlinear anisotropic parabolic equations with absorption term that have been proven despite of the lack of comparison principle. To obtain these estimates we exploit the method of energy estimations and De Giorgy iteration techniques.
Ángulo de Convexidad Facial y Proyección del Mentón en Pacientes Postoperados de Rinoseptoplastia
Authors: Fernandez Fernandez Karla Daniela , Lopez Ulloa Fausto
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: la relación de la nariz con la morfología facial no es solo estructural. Numerosos estudios, sugieren la relación entre la función respiratoria nasal y el desarrollo craneofacial.

OBJETIVO:  Determinar la mejoría en el ángulo de convexidad facial y proyección del mentón en pacientes postoperados de rinoseptoplastia.

DISEÑO: estudio comparativo y descriptivo, de cohorte retrospectivo

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: muestra de 43 pacientes, 26 de género femenino y 17 masculinos, entre 12 y 43 años, sometidos a rinoseptoplastia con evolución postoperatoria mínima de 3 meses. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, ángulo de convexidad facial de Legan y proyección del mentón según González Ulloa antes y después de la cirugía, así como tiempo postquirúrgico.

RESULTADOS: El ángulo de convexidad facial se redujo X + D.S 3,72°+ 2,19. En la técnica de González Ulloa, se evidenció avance del pogonion X + D.S 2,53 mm+ 1,60. De los 43 pacientes, un 72%, mostró cambios favorables en el ángulo de convexidad facial y en la proyección del mentón. Mejores resultados se evidenciaron en menores de 16 años y evolución postquirúrgica mayor a 1 año.

DISCUSIÓN: A diferencia de otras investigaciones, observamos cambios significativos en pacientes adultos. Tal hecho nos lleva a otras interrogantes sobre mecanismos adicionales que pudieran influir en los patrones de crecimiento facial.

CONCLUSIONES: La rinoseptoplastia al considerarse un procedimiento que mejora la función respiratoria nasal, favorece cambios neuromusculares y endocrinos que permiten un mejor desarrollo del perfil facial en especial del tercio inferior.

PALABRAS CLAVES: Rinoseptoplastia, ángulo, convexidad facial, proyección, mentón.
EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DI DESA RANOKOLO KECAMATAN MAUROLE KABUPATEN ENDE
Authors: Dala Yeremias , Mutiara Charly
Published: March 2020

Land that was managed by intensively will effect decreasing soil fertility. This condition happened in the rice fields in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the fertile of paddy soil, and the soil chemical criteria in the village have been carried out. This study uses a survey method, which is to determine the soil sample taken using the purposive sampling method. With this method obtained 13 research sites. Soil sampling in this study using soil samples that operated. And the replaced variables are C-Organic, available K, total P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (KB). The results showed, the C-Organic variable in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, is classified as low, K as moderate, P-total as high, CEC is moderate, and Saturation of Bases as moderate. From the results of soil fertility analysis, the criteria for soil fertility in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency is low with a C-Organic limiting factor.
SIKAP DAN PERILAKU PETANI DESA PEMO SEBAGAI DESA WISATA NASIONAL DALAM USAHA WISATAAGRO DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL KELIMUTU ENDE- FLORES- NTT
Authors: Fatim Imaculata
Published: March 2020

The Kelimutu area has a famous panoramic beauty and is one of the wonders of the world. Various efforts have been made by the Kelimutu National Park Office to empower local communities through agro-tourism activities. Initially, the activity went well, but after two years, the effort stalled due to human resource constraints of agro-tourism farmers. This study aims to determine The attitudes and behavior of Pemo village farmers on agro-tourism, The ability of Pemo village farmers to run agro-tourism businesses, Impact for Pemo village farmers on agro-tourism businesses, The wishes of Pemo village farmers related to agro-tourism businesses, BTNK's readiness and ability to run agro-tourism businesses; and Models developed. The research method used is a descriptive method with a population of Pemo village farmers and 50 samples. Data collection techniques by questionnaire, observation, interview, and PRA. Data analysis with qualitative and quantitative analysis using correlation coefficients and simultaneous accuracy test or F test and partial t-test. In conclusion (1) Pemo residents have the attitude and behavior to agree to develop agro-tourism; (2) farmers are not able to continue the development of agrotourism because of human resource constraints; (3) Impacts which have been received by farmers are quite good economic and financial impacts; (4) Farmers want to continue to be facilitated and need assistance, facilities and infrastructure assistance for the smooth agro-tourism business, (5) BTNK is unable to meet farmers' desires due to cost constraints, (6) the models offered are re-program and re-structuring primary agro-farmer institutions.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)
Authors: M.S.W Puu Yustina , Nalti Nansi Hildegardis
Published: March 2020

Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.
PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogea L.) DI DESA REROROJA KECAMATAN MAGEPANDA KABUPATEN SIKKA
Authors: Siga Yoseph , Yashinta Bolly Yovita
Published: March 2020

Peanut belongs to the Leguminosae family, which has the opportunity to develop agro-industry in supporting efficient and effective regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving chicken manure to the growth and production of peanut plants as well as the optimal dose of chicken manure for the growth and production of peanut plants. The study conducted from June 2018 to October 2018. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and four replications so that twenty-four (24) trial units were obtained. Factor A0: No fertilizer (control), A1: 1.5 kg, A2: 3 kg, A3: 4,5, A4: 6, A5: 7 Kg per bed. The results showed that the provision of chicken manure significantly affected the height of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Significantly affect the number of leaves of plants aged 15 and 30 HST. Very significant effect on the number of pods aged 90 Hst and very significant effect on the weight or wet weight of peanut pods aged 90 Hst. The dose of chicken manure 25 tons/ha in this study is the best fertilizer dosage treatment to provide the highest growth and production of Hypoma one peanut.
Evaluating Littlejohn’s (2011) 3-Level Coursebook Analysis Framework
Authors: Pemberton Christine
Published: March 2020

In this study I evaluated Littlejohn’s (2011) 3-level coursebook analysis framework. The goal of the framework is to provide an analysis that avoids implicit assumptions and impressionistic judgments. The three levels include a description of the contents, an analysis of tasks in one unit, and a description of the underlying principles of the materials. To evaluate the efficacy of the framework, I applied it to three longstanding EFL coursebooks. The results show that the framework successfully provides an impartial analysis, which is beneficial for teachers, program coordinators, and language school owners who must assess the suitability of new textbooks. The advantages and disadvantages of the framework are discussed and some suggestions are given to supplement or improve each level.

本研究では、Littlejohn（2011）の3段階教科書分析フレームワークについて評価する。フレームワークの目的は、暗黙の前提や印象に基づいた判断を回避した先入観のない分析を提供することである。3つのレベルには、内容の説明、ある章の課題の分析、およびテキストの基本原則の説明が含まれている。このフレームワークの有効性を評価するために、3つの長期に渡り使用されているEFLテキストに適用し考察した。結果、このフレームワークが先入観のない分析を提供することを示し、またそれは新しい教科書の適合性を評価する立場にいる教師、プログラムコーディネーター、および語学学校の運営者にとって有益であることが判明した。フレームワークの長所と短所について述べ、各レベルを補完または修正するための提案を示す。
English-Medium Instruction and the Expanding Role of Language Educators
Authors: Kuwamura Akira
Published: March 2020

This paper highlights the expanding role of university language educators in English-medium content instruction (EMI), a rapidly growing phenomenon in expanding circle countries and regions in recent years. With the growth of EMI, however, there is a reported shortage of qualified faculty who are willing and able to deliver academic content in English effectively. As such, language educators are increasingly taking on that responsibility in one way or another. With EMI still in its infancy in Japan, I find this complementary role professionally rewarding and educationally meaningful. After giving some background information, I examine the situation behind this development using data from recent surveys focusing on EMI faculty. Then I explore a range of roles language educators can play in line with content specialists in such emerging areas as L2 academic content teaching and teacher training. Finally, I propose component elements of EMI practice for collaborative implementation.

本稿は、英語による専門科目の授業（EMI）実践において拡大する、大学語学教員の役割について考察する。近年EMIは拡大円圏国・地域で急速に増える一方で、資格のある教員、すなわち、学術分野を英語で効果的に教える能力と意欲を備えた教員の不足が報告されている。そのため、語学教員がその責務を担うケースが増えているが、日本のEMIは未だ発展初期の段階にあり、そのような語学教員の補完的な役割は専門的にも教育的にも意義あることと筆者は捉える。本稿では、まず背景情報に触れた後、EMI教員に焦点を当てた筆者の最近の調査データを一部活用し、この役割拡大現象の背景事情を押さえた上で、第二言語による学術科目授業や教員研修面で、専門科目教員と歩調を合わせた語学教員の様々な役割について考察する。最後に、両者の連携によるEMI実践の鍵となる構成要素について提案する。
Preparing Team-Taught Lessons Through a Model of ICC Development
Authors: Suzuki Bunya
Published: March 2020

In this paper I reflect on applying a model of ICC (intercultural communication competence) development (Brown, 2013) towards preparing team-taught classes and conducting lessons between assistant language teachers (ALTs) and Japanese teachers of English (JTEs) for 1st-year junior high school (JHS) students and discuss its implications for professional development. After summarizing the background and four levels of this model, I will clarify how and why this model was applied to create team-taught lessons. I will then describe the teachers’ reflections on their work from interviews, which indicated the overall satisfaction of both ALTs and JTEs. This was accomplished by their going beyond their cultural differences, recognizing each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and helping each other. However, disagreement over time management and lesson aims became evident due to a difference in the number of lessons they taught and in their professional status, which is a practical issue beyond the scope of this model.

本稿は、東京のある中学校にて外国語指導助手（ALT）と日本人英語教諭（JTE）のチームワークにおいてICC（異文化コミュニケーション能力）の発展モデル（Brown, 2013）を授業準備と実践に用いたことを振り返り、教員養成への示唆を論じる。まずこのモデルの背景と4つのレベルをまとめ、このモデルをどのように、なぜ、中学1年生のチームティーチングの授業作成に用いたかを明らかにする。次にALTとJTEへのインタビューを基に準備と実践を振り返る。それによると、双方ともお互いの文化の違いを乗り越え、お互いの強みと弱みを認識し助け合えたことに全体的な満足感を示していたが、授業の時間管理と目的において意見の相違が見られた。ALTとJTEの参加する授業回数や雇用体系の違いといった、このモデルの範囲外となる実務的な問題がこの懸念の原因となっていた。
Teacher Motivation and Practice in the Language Learning Classroom
Authors: Suemori Saki
Published: March 2020

Current studies on motivation in EFL focus mainly on learner motivation. However, teacher motivation, which is the motivation to teach, is as important to investigate as is learner motivation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011) because it influences not only learners’ motivation but also their achievement and attitudes towards L2 learning. Teacher motivation is also directly connected to the lessons they provide, and a high level of motivation helps sustain professional development. This paper presents the findings of my investigation of 2 Japanese secondary-school English teachers’ motivation. Data was collected from in-depth interviews and classroom observation. The interviews focused on the teachers’ feelings about teaching English. The classroom observations were conducted to see how their feelings and motivation were reflected in their teaching. Analysis of the data suggests that teachers’ motivation and attitudes towards teaching are reflected in their behavior in the classroom.

外国語学習に関する動機づけ研究は、主に学習者の動機づけに焦点を置き、研究が行われている。しかしながら、教師が教えることに対して抱く教師の動機づけも、学習者の動機づけと同様に重要である（Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011）。教師の動機づけは、学習者の動機づけに対してだけではなく、学習者がどのような外国語能力を身につけるかに対しても影響を与えるためである。また、教師の動機づけは、教師の教え方にも影響を与え、教師として成長する上でも重要である。本論文は、2名の日本人英語教師を対象に実施したインタビュー、授業観察の結果を提示する。インタビューでは、教師が英語を教える上で何を感じているかに焦点を置き、授業観察では、インタビューで見られた教師の考えや動機づけが、実際の授業にどのように反映されているかという点に着目した。データを分析した結果、教師の動機づけや授業に対する考えは、教室での行動に反映されていることが明らかになった。
Role Identities of Japanese Teachers of English at Japanese Universities
Authors: Moritani Hiroshi , Iwai Chiaki
Published: March 2020

As part of a larger study of university English teachers, this paper presents a hypothetical model of the critical influences on the construction of role identities (i.e., how teachers understand their teaching roles) using data generated from in-depth interviews with 12 Japanese teachers of English at Japanese universities. To inductively create a hypothetical model based on the actual voices of these participants, the analysis utilizes a modified grounded theory approach (Kinoshita, 2003). We report that five critical influences emerged: (a) classroom experiences as a learner, (b) professional development, (c) contextual factors, (d) classroom experiences as a teacher, and (e) teacher-internal factors. We present the findings with reference to previous studies in language teacher cognition research.

本稿では、大学英語教師に関する研究の一部として、日本の大学で教える12人の日本人英語教師との深層インタビューから得たデータをもとに、彼らの役割アイデンティティ(教師の役割の理解)の構築に関与する重要な影響要因を示す仮説モデルを提示する。研究協力者の実際の言葉をもとに帰納的に仮説モデルを構築するために、分析に修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプローチ（木下, 2003）を用いた。本稿では、役割アイデンティティの構築に関与する5つの重要な影響要因（a. 学習者としての授業経験、b.専門能力開発 c. 文脈要因、d.教師としての授業経験、e.教師の内的要因）を報告する。本稿では、これらの要因を言語教師認知研究の先行研究に照らしながら提示する。
Diversity and Motivation in a Small School: Positioning Self-Access Learning
Authors: Jerrems Michelle , Asami Lorna Sachie
Published: March 2020

Kanda Jogakuen is a private junior and senior high school for girls that has attracted a diverse student body with a wide range of academic abilities. The structure of the institution, program, and curriculum has had different influences on motivation. The various challenges in enhancing the students’ motivation and academic ability led to the establishment of the Kanda Self-Access Learning Center (K-SALC). The center was designed to be a tool to help students foster autonomy and meet a variety of students’ needs and goals. In this paper we describe ongoing efforts by teachers at Kanda Jogakuen to better support a diverse group of students in a small school context, particularly focusing on the operation of the K-SALC. The paper gives an account of the establishment of the center and ongoing efforts to evaluate its effectiveness and improve it.

神田女学園は中高一貫の私立女子校で、幅広い学力を持った生徒に対応してきた。学校の体制、プログラム、およびカリキュラムは、生徒の学習意欲にさまざまな影響を与えている。生徒の学習意欲と学力を育成する上での様々な課題が、神田女学園のセルフ・アクセス・ラーニング・センター（K-SALC）の設立につながった。このセンターは、生徒の自律性を育て、多様な生徒のニーズや目標を達成するためのツールとなるように設計された。本稿では、特にK-SALCの運営に焦点を当てながら、神田女学園の教師が小規模な学校環境の中でどのようにしたら多様な生徒集団をもっとよく支援できるかを調査し、センターの設立と、その有効性を評価し改善するために継続的に行っている取り組みについて説明する。
Promoting Gender Diversity in the Classroom Through Drag
Authors: Ellis Michael
Published: March 2020

In this paper, I reflect on the experience of introducing the topic of drag to Japanese high school EFL 1st- (n = 23) and 3rd-year (n = 86) students through the reality TV show RuPaul’s Drag Race. Each step of the process is explained, from a questionnaire and minilecture on drag culture to the viewing of the show itself. Students’ written responses to the class were analyzed. These indicated that students were able to understand and apply to their own lives complex concepts from the show, especially gender as a social construct, along with the importance of creativity and individuality. Based on these data, I argue that drag and its rejection of gender norms are both of interest to students and a useful content area for teaching English through a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. Finally, I offer practical advice for teachers interested in showing similar material in their own classrooms.

本稿では、リアリティ番組である『ル・ポールのドラァグレース』を通じて、英語を外国語として学習する日本人高校1年生（23名）と3年生（86名）にドラァグクイーンを紹介した経験について考察する。ドラァグ文化にまつわるアンケート、簡単な講義、実際の番組視聴、これらの各段階を本稿で説明する。また、学習者のリアクションペーパーを定量的かつ定性的に分析する。分析の結果、学習者は番組を通じて、複雑な概念を理解し、実生活への適用が可能であったことを指摘する。特にジェンダーは社会的に構築されるものであること、および個人の創造性と個性の重要性を理解しえたことを指摘する。これらの結果から、ドラァグとジェンダーにまつわる規範意識を捨てることは、ともに学習者にとり関心が高く、内容言語統合型学習（CLIL）による英語教授を行う上で有効な教材であるといえる。最後に、類似の教材を活用することに関心のある教員へ実践的なアドバイスを提案する。
Teaching Strategies for Incorporating Diversity
Authors:   Andrew Reimann
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we describe teaching strategies for incorporating diversity into a classroom. One author harnesses active learning to accommodate a range of student abilities and interests in a lecture course on media and mass communications. In this case, the focus is on English as a medium of instruction (EMI), delivering content and using small groups, student reaction papers, project-based learning, and field trips. A second author suggests strategies to promote student reflection on their media consumption, dependency on specific browsers, online retailers, and social networking sites. A third author fosters student awareness of learning strategies and of multiple intelligences through students’ cooperatively building vocabulary. Another author promotes student awareness of diversity through eye contact and subsequent discussion. Among other attributes, the Eye-4C-D activity stimulates mindfulness, active listening, and greater awareness of emotional expression. A fifth author uses students’ storytelling through visual media, presentations, and film-based narratives for language learning and experiencing diversity.

本論文では、多様性を受容するための様々な教授法について、理論と実践手法を明らかにする。一人目の論者は、アクティブ・ラーニングを用いて学習者の多様性を包含し、グループワーク、リアクション・ペーパー、プロジェクト、フィールドスタディを活用し、講義内容の理解を向上させる手法について明らかにする。二人目の論者は、メディア利用、ネット検索、ネット通販やSNSへの依存性について、学習者自身の気づきを促す手法について述べる。三人目の論者は、語彙習得を通して、学習者自らに学習法と学力の多様性についての認識を向上させる手法を明らかにする。四人目の論者は、Eye-4C-Dアクティビティを通して、マインドフルネス、積極的な傾聴、感情表現への気づきを向上させる教授法について明らかにする。五人目の論者は、視覚教材やプレゼンテーションを通して、言語学習と多様性理解の向上を促すことを目的とした学習者の自分語りを用いた教授法について述べる。
The Case for Teaching Morphosyntax and Principles for Doing So
Authors: Nemoto Tomoko , Beglar David
Published: March 2020

Researchers in the field of second language acquisition have made the study of morphosyntax one of their top priorities over the past four decades. In this paper we first look at six lines of SLA research that converge on the same conclusion: Most postpuberty learners have difficulty acquiring L2 morphosyntax and without an explicit focus on acquiring it, little acquisition will likely take place. The six lines of research are the sensitive period, L1 interference, the complexity of morphosyntax, the lack of salience of many morphosyntactic forms, studies conducted in naturalistic contexts, and studies conducted in classroom contexts. In the second part of the paper, we discuss seven principles for teaching morphosyntax that are placed into three categories: explicit form-focused instruction, communicative input, and communicative output. Ideally, these principles should be combined in an educational curriculum so that they are mutually reinforcing.

第二言語習得研究において半世紀近く重要視されてきた分野のひとつは形態統語研究分野である。この論文では、はじめに、思春期以降の学習者の第二言語の形態統語習得は困難であり、それらに明示的に重点をおかずに習得をすることは稀なことである、という結論へと収束する6つの系列分野の研究の結果を検討していく。その分野とは、敏感期、第一言語干渉、形態統語の複雑性、多くの形態統語における卓越性の欠如、自然的環境下における第二言語学習、そしてクラスルームにおける第二言語学習である。次に、明示的言語重視の指導、コミュニケーションによるインプット、コミュニケーションによるアウトプットの3分野に分類された７つの形態統語教育原理を考察する。これらの原理は、カリキュラムの中で組み合わされ、相互に強調されることが理想的である。
Teacher and Student Perspectives on Written Feedback
Authors: Jones Kent , Tang Kevin
Published: March 2020

The results of teacher and student surveys regarding beliefs about feedback on student writing are examined. 57 English language teachers in Japan and 317 EFL students at a Japanese university were surveyed to answer the following: (a) How much time do teachers spend explaining their feedback systems and are students satisfied with it? (b) What types of feedback (Ellis, 2008) do teachers and students prefer and why? and (c) Do students believe their teachers’ feedback helps them avoid similar mistakes in future pieces of writing? Results showed the majority of students felt teachers spent enough time explaining their feedback system, but a sizeable minority wanted more explanation. Both teachers and students preferred metalinguistic feedback, but students preferred explanations to correction symbols. Despite their teachers’ corrections, most students felt that they would make the same mistakes in later pieces of writing. Implications for both classroom practice and further research are discussed.

本稿は、ライティングにおけるフィードバックに対する考えについて英語教員 （57名） と大学生 （317名） を対象に調査した結果である。調査された質問項目は、1） 教員がフィードバックの方法について説明した時間及び説明に対する学習者の満足度、2） 教員と学習者がどのようなフィードバック (Ellis, 2008) を好むかとその理由、3） 学習者はフィードバックが同じ誤りを防ぐことにつながると考えているか、の3点である。結果、1) に関しては、多くの学習者が現状で十分だとする一方、更なる説明を求める者も少数いた。2) は両者とも、メタ言語でのフィードバックを好む傾向にあるが、学習者は訂正記号よりも説明を好む傾向にある事がわかった。また教員の訂正にも拘らず、学習者は同じ誤りを繰り返しそうだと感じている事も明らかとなった。本調査をふまえ、ライティング授業での効果的なフィードバック方法についても言及する。
The Effectiveness of Content-Based Instruction on Beginners’ Writing Skills
Authors: Shibata Naoya
Published: March 2020

Content-based instruction (CBI) is “the integration of language teaching aims with content instruction” (Snow, 2014, p. 439). Although CBI has prevailed as one approach to developing a curriculum integrating four language skills in ESL and EFL settings (e.g., Cumming & Lyster, 2016; Donato, 2016), it is rarely implemented in Japanese secondary educational contexts. Furthermore, although the number of studies on EFL writing in secondary contexts is increasing, research on EFL essay writing in such settings has seldom been conducted in Japan. Therefore, based on data gathered from surveys and essay assignments, this study explored the effects of CBI on the writing of 105 beginner learners at a private senior high school in central Japan for 9 months. The research findings showed that the participants improved their writing abilities through CBI, regarding the number of tokens used and the increase of supporting sentences.

内容中心教授法は内容指導と言語教育の統合である（Snow, 2014, p. 439）。第2外国語、外国語教育の環境において、同教授法は4技能を統合する外国語教育カリキュラムとして普及してきているが（例：Cumming & Lyster, 2016; Donato, 2016）、日本の中等教育現場ではあまり実施されていない。加えて、中等教育現場での外国語ライティングの研究は増加してきているが、そのような環境においてのエッセイライティングの研究は日本ではほとんど行われていない。従って、本研究では，私学高等学校に在籍する105名の初学者を対象に、9カ月間アンケートとエッセイ課題を通して、内容中心教授法のライティング能力に対しての効果を検証した。結果として、内容中心教授法を通して，学習者たちは使用語数及び補足文の増加においてライティング能力を向上させた。
Augmented/Virtual Reality Promises for ELT Practitioners
Authors: Alizadeh Mehrasa
Published: March 2020

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are expanding into various fields of education. Thanks to AR and VR, teachers can bring a whole new dimension to the realm of language education, resulting in enhanced learning and increased motivation and engagement. With smartphones and inexpensive VR headsets, teachers are able to take a step forward in blurring the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds, giving their students immersive learning experiences. However, many ELT practitioners are not familiar with or keen on integrating AR/VR-related learning tools and resources into their classes (Bonner & Reinders, 2018; Santos et al., 2016). To get readers more acquainted with AR/VR uses in language education, the author first outlines the basic concepts within this area of research and practice. An AR/VR application is introduced in detail, followed by discussion on the use of this app in language learning.

拡張現実（AR）および仮想現実（VR）は絶えず様々な教育分野に拡大している。ARとVRによって、学習の強化やモチベーションとエンゲージメントの向上が可能となり、言語教育の領域に全く新しい次元をもたらすことができる。スマートフォンや安価なVRヘッドセットの使用によって、現実世界と仮想世界の境界を曖昧にすることで、学生は没入型の学習体験を得られる。しかし、ELT実務家の多くは、AR・VR関連の学習ツールとリソースを教育実践に統合する方法に馴染みがなかったり、統合自体に関心がない現状がある（Bonner & Reinders, 2018; Santos et al., 2016）。読者の言語教育におけるAR・VRの使用法に関する詳細な理解を深めるために、まずこの分野の研究と実践の基本的な概念を概説する。また、AR及びVRアプリケーションについて詳しく説明した上で、このアプリケーションを言語学習に使用する方法について説明する。
Enhancing English Learners’ Writing Fluency and Lexical Richness Through Timed Blogging
Authors: Dizon Gilbert
Published: March 2020

This study looked into the effects of timed blogging on L2 writing fluency and lexical richness, i.e., the degree in which a student is able to use a varied and large vocabulary (Laufer & Nation, 1995). The participants consisted of nineteen low-level and intermediate EFL learners at a university in Japan. The students wrote timed blog entries twice a week on a wide-range of topics over the course of 12 weeks. Pre- and post-tests were administered to determine the impact the blogs had on the students’ writing development. Results of the analysis revealed that the blogs had a positive effect on both writing fluency and vocabulary use. Not only do these findings confirm the results found in previous studies concerning blogs and vocabulary enhancement (Fellner & Apple, 2006; Nakatsukasa, 2009), but they also clarify conflicting research regarding the effect that blogs have on writing fluency (Fellner & Apple, 2006; Nakatsukasa, 2009).

本論は、第2言語のライティングの流暢さと語彙の豊かさ、すなわち多様で広範囲な語彙を用いることができる度合(Laufer & Nation, 1995)が、限られた時間内でのブログへの書き込み(timed blogging)に与える影響を調査した。被験者は英語を外国語として学ぶ初級から中級レベルの日本の大学生19名である。学習者は限られた時間内で、ブログに週に2回書き込みを行った。書き込むトピックは多岐にわたり、コース期間中の12週間続けられた。ブログへの書き込みが学習者のライティング力向上に与えた影響を測定するため、事前試験と事後試験を実施した。分析の結果、ブログへの書き込みはライティングの流暢さと語彙使用の両方において、非常に良い影響を及ぼしたことが明らかとなった。これらは、ブログへの書き込みと語彙の増加に関する先行研究(Fellner & Apple, 2006; Nakatsukasa, 2009)の結果を立証するだけではなく、ブログへの書き込みがライティングの流暢さに与えうる効果に関しては、先行研究(Fellner & Apple, 2006; Nakatsukasa, 2009) の相反する研究結果をより明らかにした、つまり、本研究の結果がその効果を明らにした。
Lecture Notetaking: Questions and Answers
Authors: Crawford Michael
Published: March 2020

This paper provides an overview of research on lecture notetaking. Despite the importance of this academic skill, to date it has not received much attention from researchers working in L2 contexts. As the Japanese Ministry of Education moves towards encouraging universities to offer more lecture courses in English, it is important for teachers to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in notetaking, and how to help learners to develop their skills. To this end, the paper poses 8 questions that teachers may have about notetaking and provides answers from the research that has been done to date in both L2 and L1 contexts. Because the amount of research in L2 contexts is still small, the answers given are not meant to be definitive. However, it is hoped that they will provide some preliminary answers to questions that teachers may have.

本論はノートテイキング(講義をノートに書き写す)に関する研究を概観する。ノートテイキングは重要なアカデミックスキルであるにも関わらず、L2環境における研究はこれまであまり注目を浴びてこなかった。文部科学省が英語による大学講義科目の拡大を推進している昨今、教員がノートテイキングの過程及びその指導方法に関する知識を得る重要性が益々高まっている。この現状を受け、本論では、ノートテイキングに関して、教える側が持つ可能性のある８つの質問を提起し、これまでのL2及びL1環境で行われた研究の中から答えを導き出す。L2環境における研究が未だ少ないことから、導き出した答えは決定的とは言えないが、ノートテイキングに関する教師の疑問に少しでも答えられたことを願う。
Creating Training Sessions and Lesson Materials from Study Abroad Interviews
Authors: Fritz Erik , Murao Junko
Published: March 2020

Students will most likely need some kind of support before studying abroad, either culturally or linguistically, in order to help them adjust to their new lives. This research proposes a method, via analyzing interview data, that details how to make materials for lessons and training sessions that prepare students for study abroad. It was found that students appreciated the training session, and felt that the information and strategies offered and generated were valuable.

留学前に学生たちが新しい生活に適応できるよう文化や言語に関する支援が必要である。本研究では、面接データを分析して留学準備用の授業やトレーニングのための教材の作成方法を提案する。実際、学生たちは実施されたトレーニングセッションを高く評価し、提起された情報や方法が役に立つと感じたことが判明した。
Writing Instruction: What Is Being Taught in Japanese High Schools, Why, and Why It Matters
Authors: Mulvey Bern
Published: March 2020

Citing continuing poor performance on diagnostic texts, MEXT has recently advocated for an increased emphasis on academic English, particularly writing instruction (to include critical thinking). However, little sustained attention has been given to the specifics of what is being taught now, how, and why. In this paper, I present recent national survey results and observations made during six years of teaching both Japanese and English academic writing to Japanese students at two Japanese universities. The national survey results support my own observations, suggesting that—and in direct contrast to prevailing beliefs about the curriculum—many Japanese students struggle to write logically and persuasively in English for the same reason they struggle in Japanese: because nobody yet has taught them how. Accordingly, in order to improve academic English skills, critical reading and writing skills in the L1 need development also—where possible, in conjunction with similar emphases in the L2 classes, and ideally including collaboration among all the teachers providing this instruction.

近年、文部科学省は診断調査（TOEFL、PISAなど）における継続的な成績不振を受け、国際的に質の高い英語力を目指すためのアカデミック・イングリッシュ、特に批判的思考力を含んだ学術的ライティングの指導の強化を求めている。しかし、日本の大学・高校におけるライティング指導の現状について、何が、どのように、なぜ教えられているのかといったような詳細に対しては、何ら評価・分析が行われていないのが実情である。本論文では、６年間にわたり二つの大学で日本人学生を対象とした英語・日本語でのアカデミック・ライティング指導の経験をもとに、最近発表された調査結果を検討し、日本におけるアカデミック・ライティング指導の現状および今後の課題について研究を行った。「読み・書きの指導が非常に重視されている」とよく言われる日本の国語・英語教育だが、英語に限らず母語においても、その方法を学生に指導してこなかったせいで、作文力が未だに乏しい状態であることが分かった。英語のアカデミック・ライティングの力を向上させるには、母語においても批判的な読解力、ライティング力を磨くことが必要であり、国語と英語の教員が協力し合って、こういった力を育てる必要性を論じる。
An Edited Version of the First Eight 1,000-Word Frequency Bands of the Japanese-English Version of the Vocabulary Size Test
Authors: McLean Stuart , Ishii Tomoko , Stoeckel Tim , Bennett Phil , Matsumoto Yuko
Published: March 2020

This paper provides and explains the criteria by which the first eight 1,000-word frequency bands of the Japanese bilingual Vocabulary Size Test (VST) were revised. The VST (Nation & Beglar, 2007) was designed as a measure of vocabulary size for language learners. It was originally produced and validated in a monolingual format, but in recent years several bilingual versions have also been made. These variants may yield more accurate results, because they avoid conflating vocabulary knowledge with ability to decode answer choices in the L2. However, they have received little scrutiny beyond initial piloting and may therefore benefit from further examination and refinement (Nguyen & Nation, 2011). This paper describes the revision of the first eight 1,000-word frequency bands of the Japanese bilingual VST with the goal of increasing the test’s unidimensionality and accuracy. The revisions (a) removed English loanwords from the answer choices to prevent examinees from correctly responding through phonological matching alone, (b) ensured that the parts of speech of each answer choice were identical, and (c) matched the lengths of answer choices.

本論文は、日本語版２ヶ国語 Vocabulary Size Test (VST) における最初の8000語レベルまでの改訂された単語出現頻度帯の基準を説明したものである。VST (Nation and Beglar, 2007) は言語学習者の語彙サイズを計測するために作られたもので、当初は英語のみで制作されていたが、近年様々な言語対応の版も作られている。これらの版では、英語の読解力に左右されることなくテストを受けられ、より正確な結果が得られることが予想される。しかしながら、それらの版は初期のパイロットテストの範囲を超える精査が殆どされていないため、更なる検証を重ねる事には意義がある（Nguyen & Nation, 2011）。本論文は、日本語版 VST の最初の8000語レベルの単語出現頻度帯について、測定の一次元性と正確さの向上を目的に改訂を試み、その結果をまとめたものである。改訂作業においては、 (a) 音による推測が容易なカタカナ語を選択肢から排除し、 (b) 各選択肢の品詞を統一し、(c) 各選択肢の長さの均衡をとった。
Brain-Friendly Learning Tips for Long-Term Retention and Recall
Authors: Mehring Jeff , Thomson Regan
Published: March 2020

The main study skills students presently rely on are massed practice, repetition, rereading, and highlighting which cause a false sense of fluency (Bjork & Bjork, 1992). Memory has two strengths, storage strength and retrieval strength, with the theory of desirable difficulty stating that the harder one has to work to retrieve a memory, the greater the subsequent spike in retrieval and storage strength (Bjork & Bjork, 1992; Hattie, 2013). Spaced repetition, pretesting, interleaving, and regular testing are a few study skills that can lead to deeper learning. Incorporating them into teaching as well as showing students how to use them could lead to deeper learning, stronger retrieval, and longer retention. This paper examines these study skills, including examples of how to incorporate them into various classroom activities.

学習者の主な学習スキルは、集中練習、反復、再読、蛍光ペンなどでマークすることだが、これらは学習者が流暢だと思い込む要因となり得る (Bjork & Bjork, 1992)。記憶力には「保持」と「想起」の2つがあり、「望ましい困難」は、記憶を想起する為に努力すればするほど、結果的に保持と記憶力が増加するという理論である(Bjork & Bjork, 1992; Hattie, 2013)。Spaced repetition (間隔反復)、Pretesting（事前（予備）試験)、Interleaving(インターリーブ：交互配置)、定期試験は、より深い学びに至る学習スキルである。これらのスキルを授業に取り入れ、スキルの使い方を教えることは、より深い学習と学習者の達成感につながるだろう。本論文では、これらの学習スキルをどのように教室の授業活動に盛り込めるかについて具体的に検討する。
Pengaruh Latihan Permainan Bola Basket, Futsal dan Motivasi Berprestasi terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani
Authors: Rohendi Aep , Budiman Ali
Published: March 2020

This study aims to know the game of basketball, Futsal  and motivation of the creation was who were high performing against health condition in SMAN 1 Parongpong. The Methods used to uncover this problem is the experimental methods with the design factorial  2 x 2.  The sample using Cluster Random Sampling, the number of samples from 40 students. The Data using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and next exercise used test tukey. The study concluded that: (1), overall training with a basketball game better than futsal exercises the games for health condition student SMAN 1 Parongpong. (2) there is interaction between the big ball of achievement and motivation to, health condition (3) for learners who have high motivation, high achievers training with a basketball game better than with exercises futsal game against health condition student sman 1, lembang (4) for learners who have high motivation, low achievers there is no significant difference between training with a basketball game and exercise futsal game against student SMAN 1 Parongpong health condition. In other words the ability to their students could increase after these exercises, a basketball game futsal and motivation of students.Healthy  condition.
Hubungan Power Otot Tungkai dan Koordinasi Mata-Tangan dengan Hasil Shooting pada Cabang Olahraga Bola Basket pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 19 Palembang
Authors: Lestari Hikmah
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine whether or not there is a relationship between leg muscle power and eye-hand coordination with the results of shooting on basketball in the X grade students of SMA 19 Palembang. The method in this study is correlational. The results of the study stated: (1) there was a significant relationship between leg muscle power and shooting results in basketball; (2) there is a significant correlation between eye-hand coordination and shooting results in basketball; and (3) there is a significant joint relationship between leg muscle power and eye-hand coordination with shooting results in basketball. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the results of leg muscle power and eye-hand coordination with the results of shooting in basketball in class X SMA Negeri 19 Palembang.
Analisis Pelayanan Sport Tourism di Sarana Olahraga Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata
Authors: Aprilia Lu’luwatin Rosdiana
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the Indonesian University of Education is able to provide tourist attraction for tourists who are currently trending as sports tourism.. The method used in this research is the method of dexcoective, the sample taken is 30 people using accidental sampling. The data analysis techniques in this study use SWOT analysis by maximizing strength and Opportunity (oppurtunities), but can simultaneously minimize weakness (weaknesses) and threats (threaths). SWOT analysis considers internal environmental factors in the form of strengths and weaknesses and external environment in the form of opportunities and threats faced by a tourist attraction. The results of internal factors evaluation of internal strength/potential and weakness of service owned by the University of Indonesia Education are able to utilize the existing strength factors to be able to overcome the factors of weakness. So that the University of Indonesia Education has a strong service of Sport Tourism as a wasata attraction in the city of Bandung. The results of the authors analysis by using an external matrix is able to utilize opportunities and avoid threats. So that the University of Indonesia Education has a potential enough opportunity to redevelop its service. Author's suggestion is to take advantage of the strategic location of UPI, optimizing the potential of its facilities, developing UPI as a sports tourism area, and as an athlete training and education Center and sporting event organizers.
Mata Pelajaran Penjas di Sekolah Inklusi
Authors: Karlina Dety Amelia
Published: March 2020

This research was conducted with the aim to see the learning process of Physical Education in elementary schools with inclusive settings. With the diversity of students in inclusive schools the method of learning must also accommodate each student. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the implementation of Physical Education learning in inclusive schools and whether there are differences in approaches or strategies for children with disabilities and non-abks. The research method used is a qualitative description to show a picture of the subject of this study. The instruments used were observation guidelines, interview guidelines and documentation.
Italianos en Lima y los Barrios Altos
Authors: Reyes Flores Alejandro
Published: March 2020

Se busca mostrar la presencia de los inmigrantes italianos entre los siglos XVIII al XX, remontando su presencia hasta la invasión española. Para ello es necesario comprender sus orígenes así como las razones por las que se van asentando en determinadas zonas como Lima y Barrios Altos, y cómo van haciendo uso de diversas estrategias, mercantiles, para ir insertándose e integrándose a la sociedad.
La luz de la razón. El arcediano José Ignacio Moreno y el Colegio de Caciques del Príncipe (1817-1820)
Authors: Lozano Yalico Javier
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación tiene por finalidad resaltar la trayectoria del padre Juan Ignacio Moreno (Guayaquil 1767–Lima 1841) a través del análisis de documentos de la serie “Juzgado de la Caja General de Censos de Indios de Lima” que se conservan en el Archivo General de la Nación del Perú.Moreno –miembro prominente del clero ilustrado peruano– y, como rector del Colegio de Caciques del Príncipe de Lima, promovió el derecho de los naturales a acceder a una educación que les permitiera salir del estado de postración en que se encontraban.
Catalogación del Fondo Real Renta de Correos custodiado por la Dirección de Archivo Colonial del Archivo General de la Nación de Perú
Authors: Fernández Villanova David
Published: March 2020

El monopolio de la correspondencia en América fue concedido en 1514 al doctor Lorenzo Galíndez de Carvajal, miembro del Consejo de Castilla, a quien se confirió el título de Correo Mayor de Indias. La concesión era a perpetuidad para él y sus descendientes, siendo, a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII, objeto de numerosos arrendamientos, cesiones y ventas
El manejo de la Salud Pública en Lima durante la gestión de Fernando Torres y Portugal, I Conde de Villardompardo, como Asistente de Sevilla (1578-1583) y Virrey del Perú (1585-1589)
Authors: Rivasplata Varillas Paula Ermila
Published: March 2020

Fernando Torres y Carbajal habría acumulado una amplia experiencia como asistente de Sevilla, especialmente en el manejo de pestes, formando juntas de médicos para determinar si una enfermedad era declarada pestilente, creación de lazaretos y otras medidas. Este conocimiento lo volcó cuando asumió el cargo de virrey del Perú. Las pestes estuvieron presentes durante su gestión tanto en Sevilla como en el Perú. También tenía experiencia en cuanto a la gestión de desastres naturales de diferente índole como inundaciones en Sevilla y terremotos en Lima.
Un acercamiento a la política asistencialista colonial. El caso del hospital Real de San Andrés
Authors: Barrera Camarena Henry
Published: March 2020

La política asistencialista jugó un papel clave dentro de la sociedad limeña colonial. Fue necesaria en la acción de brindar ayuda y socorro a los más necesitados como fueron los carentes de salud. El trabajo puntualizará en el caso concreto de los enfermos españoles, quienes recibieron los primeros auxilios en el hospital Real de San Andrés, el más importante nosocomio durante el colonialismo. Con ello, poder conocer hasta qué punto hubo una política asistencialista a favor de los enfermos. A la vez precisar la trascendencia que llegó a tener el avance de la ciencia médica en la capital peruana desde la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII así como el aporte de ilustrados como Hipólito Unanue.
La Madre SS.CC. Hermasie Paget, “Salvadora de Lima” ¿Mito o realidad histórica? El Colegio Belén de Lima en el siglo XIX
Authors: Castro Jorge Luis
Published: March 2020

Durante la Guerra del Guano y del Salitre (1879-1884), el ejército chileno ocupó la ciudad de Lima después de triunfar en las batallas de Chorrillos y Miraflores. Se temía que el ejército invasor saqueara la ciudad; pero no fue así porque un grupo de jefes navales extranjeros llegó a un acuerdo con el general chileno Manuel Baquedano. Uno de estos jefes fue el almirante francés Abel Bergasse du Petit Thouars, quien habría actuado bajo influencia de la madre Hermasie Paget, superiora del colegio de los Sagrados Corazones de Belén.El presente artículo pretende desvirtuar esta creencia apoyada por un grupo de destacados especialistas, pues después de haber revisado el archivo del Colegio en mención no se encontró prueba documental alguna y todo indica que la historia de la “madre salvadora de Lima” fue una creación del monseñor José Antonio Roca y Boloña, célebre religioso que, en su intento de ponderar el recuerdo de la madre, terminó creando una tradición que hasta nuestros días se mantiene.En estas páginas, además, se ponderan las virtudes religiosas de la madre Paget invitando a que se le reconozca por su extraordinaria calidad humana y no por atribuirle hechos que no estaba en capacidad de poder realizar. Se reflexiona sobre la educación femenina en Lima durante el siglo XIX.