bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influences of sponge city construction on spring discharge in Jinan city of China
Authors: Sun Kangning , Hu Litang , Liu Xiaomeng
Published: May 2020

In recent years, intense human activities have threatened to dry up the well-known karst springs in Jinan, China. Sponge city construction program was one of the measures aiming to improve the recharge to groundwater and also protect sources of spring discharge. An influence study of sponge city construction on groundwater is necessary while not fully evaluated. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model was developed to address this issue. Model calibration showed that the simulated groundwater level successfully reproduced the observed results. Then, 12 scenarios were established and predicted according to different precipitation conditions and the achieved degrees of sponge city construction. The results indicated that the sponge city construction was conducive to the rise of regional groundwater level after 20 years. However, the groundwater level around the spring groups would only increase by an average of 0.22 m, and the annual spring discharge would increase by approximately 9.00 million m3 after 20 years. Results revealed that the extent of spring discharge recovery was not evident in a short time frame. The proper positioning of sponge city construction was suggested to be considered further to balance the protection of springs with the issue of waterlogging.
Does self-reported water collection time differ from observed water collection time? Evidence from the Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Dongzagla Alfred , Nunbogu Abraham Marshall , Fielmua Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Water collection time is a key indicator in tracking access to drinking water. Over the years, water surveillance agencies have relied on water collectors for information on water collection time to measure progress of water supply. However, emerging evidence shows that water collection times reported by water collectors in developing countries are often imprecise. To contribute to knowledge about the validity or otherwise of self-reported water collection times, this study explored the association between self-reported water collection times and observed water collection times in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Data on water collection times were gathered from 412 water collectors in Daffiama-Issa-Bussie District and Lawra Municipality, first through interviews, and second by observation. From the results, self-reported water collection times were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than observed water collection times. The average round-trip water collection time reported by water collectors (32 minutes) was 8 minutes lower than observed water collection times (40 minutes). This implies that existing statistics on basic water coverage that are largely based on self-reported water collection times are overestimated. Going forward, we call on water surveillance agencies to collect data on water collection times through observation.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Pilot study on nanofiltration membrane in advanced treatment of drinking water
Authors: Li Huiping , Chen Yan , Zhang Jian , Dong Bingzhi
Published: May 2020

In this study, nanofiltration (NF) was used to further treat the water from the disinfection process of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The results indicate that the NF process reduced the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 92.87%, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254) by 88.68%, conductivity by 94% and total dissolved solids by 94.49%. The removal efficiencies of trihalomethanes (THMs), 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin) were also evaluated for both the DWTP and NF treatment processes. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analysis, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis were applied to characterize the changes in different organic compounds in each process. A correlation analysis was carried out for samples of the raw water, feed water and permeate water to determine the correlations between the maximum fluorescence intensities (Fmax) of the PARAFAC components and the DOC, UVA254 and high specific UV absorbance (SUVA) of the samples. The results showed that a significant correlation (p < 0.01) existed between UVA254 and the Fmax of the three PARAFAC components as well as between DOC and Fmax.
Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by enzyme separated from Pseudomonas mandelii
Authors: Shao Xia , Du Kang
Published: May 2020

As a kind of odorous substance, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is difficult to be degraded naturally. Some isolated strains of bacteria can degrade 2-MIB effectively. In this study, a strain of bacteria which can remove 2-MIB from drinking water efficiently was obtained from activated carbon in a filter, and was identified to be Pseudomonas mandelii based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Pseudomonas mandelii was not sensitive to the initial concentration of 2-MIB, and could tolerate a rather high concentration of 2-MIB. The best growth conditions for this degrader were 25–35 °C and initial pH of 7. The concentration of 2-MIB in mineral salt medium was reduced from 2 mg/L to 471.9 μg/L by Pseudomonas mandelii in 20 d after incubation. Nineteen bands of degrading enzyme were isolated from Pseudomonas mandelii, one of which was identified as a NAD-dependent dehydratase. It was found that 2-methyl-2-bornene was the metabolite in the presence of both the Pseudomonas mandelii and the isolated enzymes, indicating that NAD-dependent dehydratase might be involved in the biodegradation process or cooperate with other enzymes in the metabolic process to complete the dehydration process of 2-MIB.
Comparison of aerobic processes for olive mill wastewater treatment
Authors: Jaouad Y. , Villain-Gambier M. , Mandi L. , Marrot B. , Ouazzani N.
Published: May 2020

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been proven to be an efficient technology capable of treating various industrial effluents. However, the evaluation of its performances in the case of olive mill wastewater (OMW) over a conventional activated sludge (CAS) have not been determined yet. The present study aims to compare OMW treatment in two laboratory scale pilots: an external ceramic MBR and CAS starting with an acclimation step in both reactors by raising OMW concentration progressively. After the acclimation step, the reactors received OMW at 2 gCOD/L with respect to an organic loading rate of 0.2 and 0.3 kgCOD/kgMLVSS/d for MBR and CAS, respectively. Biomass acclimation occurred successfully in both systems; however, the MBR tolerated more OMW toxicity than CAS as the MBR always maintained an effluent with a better quality. At a stable state, a higher reduction of 95% chemical oxygen demand (COD) was obtained with MBR compared to CAS (86%), but both succeeded in polyphenols removal (80%). Moreover, a higher MLSS elimination from the MBR treated water (97%) was measured against 88% for CAS. Therefore, CAS was suitable for OMW treatment and MBR could be proposed as an alternative to CAS when a better quality of treated water is required.
Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in road runoff in the Nanjing urban area, East China
Authors: Xue Hongqin , Zhao Li , Liu Xiaodong
Published: May 2020

An extensive field survey was conducted in four types of road area to study heavy metals in road runoff. Eleven rainfall events were monitored from February 2011 to March 2012, which were classified into four categories according to the relationship between peak of the rainfall amount, rainfall duration, and average rainfall intensity. Runoff samples were collected from overpass sections, college areas, residential areas, and road sidewalks. Heavy metal concentrations were obtained to investigate the outflow laws governing heavy metals in runoff. The concentration fluctuations of seven heavy metals were monitored to assess the influence of rainfall characteristics on metal concentrations. To estimate the impact of heavy metals on the water environment, the event mean concentrations (EMCs) were determined to describe the overall pollution degree of heavy metal in runoff, and then the EMC values of heavy metals in runoff were compared with surface water environmental quality standard thresholds. The results indicate that the EMC values of heavy metals varied widely in different rainfall fields and under the same rainfall at different sampling points. Average rainfall intensity has a significant impact on the EMC of heavy metal outflow, followed by maximum rainfall intensity and rainfall amount.
Impact of microaeration bioreactor on dissolved sulfide and methane removal from real UASB effluent for sewage treatment
Authors: Cabral C. S. , Sanson A. L. , Afonso R. J. C. F. , Chernicharo C. A. L. , Araújo J. C.
Published: May 2020

Two bioreactors were investigated as an alternative for the post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, aiming at dissolved sulfide and methane removal. The bioreactors (R-control and R-air) were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 6 and 3 h) with or without aeration. Large sulfide and methane removal efficiencies were achieved by the microaerated reactor at HRT of 6 h. At this HRT, sulfide removal efficiencies were equal to 61% and 79%, and methane removal efficiencies were 31% and 55% for R-control and R-air, respectively. At an HRT of 3 h, sulfide removal efficiencies were 22% (R-control) and 33% (R-air) and methane removal did not occur. The complete oxidation of sulfide, with sulfate formation, prevailed in both phases and bioreactors. However, elemental sulfur formation was more predominant at an HRT of 6 h than at an HRT of 3 h. Taken together, the results show that post-treatment improved the anaerobic effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand and solids removal. However, ammoniacal nitrogen was not removed due to either the low concentration of air provided or the absence of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.
Formation Of Mechanical Engineering For Timber Processing Complex Of The Soviet Union During The Period Of Modernization Of The Late 1920s And Early 1940s
Authors: Zykin Ivan V.
Published: May 2020

The development of the forest industry of the Soviet Union during the modernization of the country in the late 1920s and early 1940s led to an increase in the industry’s needs for advanced technology. This task was solved by purchasing imported tools, equipment and machines, developing own research, educational institutions, enterprises, mastering of advanced technologies. The stress was made on domestic mechanical engineering, which was to produce competitive products for timber production, adapted to the conditions of the regions of the country.
These issues in historical science are not sufficiently developed, the study on the formation of mechanical engineering for the forest industry of the Soviet Union during the period of modernization was undertaken for the first time. The pace of equipping the forest industry with new equipment and the role of domestic mechanical engineering, specialized enterprises, research and training institutions in this is considered. Conclusions were drawn about the substantial development of mechanical engineering in the country for the forest industry from the late 1920s to the early 1940s. New tools, equipment and machines, including samples that exceed foreign analogues, were developed and introduced into production. However, the equipment only affected the most labour-intensive types of timber activities. The industry used general purpose machines, the production of specialized forest equipment was minimal.
Function intertextual game in a literary text by V. P. Krapivin
Authors: Kochneva Natalya S.
Published: May 2020

Proper names are important elements of a fiction story. Unfortunately, they are not enough researched through the prism of onomastic game. In this article, we verify the hypothesis that intertextual proper names, or “gamemes”, perform important functions in a fiction text. Using them, an author creates a ludic text, which reflects a non-standard and creative approach to its consideration.
This article aims to analyze the functions of “gamemes” used in a tale by Vladislav Krapivin, a Russian children’s writer. To achieve this goal, the author of this article has applied the methods of interpretation, classification, linguistic analysis, contextual and component analysis. The research novelty of this article lies in the analysis of the functions of game intertextual onomastic units in V. Krapivin’s “The Piroskaf Grandfather Mazai”.
The research object is V. Krapivin’s novel “The Piroskaf Grandfather Mazai” (the version of 2018), which is interesting from the onomastic point of view. One can say that this novel is a proper names’ manifest, because there are a significant amount of onomastic units concentrated in a relatively small text. The gamemes used in the text are the units, analyzed in this article.
The results allow defining three dominant functions, which create a special ludic context in perception of onomastic units. In addition, we describe linguistic mechanisms for implementing these functions. The sense-forming function plays a big part in the text formation: the intertextual onomastic “layering” effects in carnivalization, attracting the interest of the text’s core audience — children. The evaluation function shows author’s modality through the connotation loop of intertextual gamemes. The marking function is the indicator of a fictional world, or chronotope.
Cognitive dominants of the conceptual sphere in the novel “of human bondage” by W. S. Maugham
Authors: Ponomareva Olga B. , Orlova Valeriya I.
Published: May 2020

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the basic concepts that make up the conceptual sphere of the novel “Of Human Bondage” by W. S. Maugham. These concepts act as cognitive dominants of the linguistic consciousness of the protagonist’s linguistic personality in the work under study. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that it is performed within the framework of a new paradigm of linguistics — the cognitive linguistics, which involves the study of mental and linguistic representations of thought processes that occur during the perception of information. Moreover, the novel “Of Human Bondage” by W. S. Maugham has not attracted the attention of linguists-cognitologists previously, which adds to the novelty of this article. In addition, the present study provides a comprehensive description of the basic concepts making up the conceptual sphere of the novel.
The linguistic methods of representing various concepts in the analyzed work are determined by the national, personal, cultural, and psychological aspects of Maugham’s thinking. The authors employ a communicative-cognitive methodological analysis proposed by N. S. Bolotnova involving the modeling of textual and intertextual semantic fields of artistic concepts and the analysis of the conceptual sphere of a literary text. The universal concepts RELIGION, LOVE, PASSION, THE MEANING OF LIFE, which constitute the conceptual sphere of the novel by W. S. Maugham “Of Human Bondage”, are analyzed.
The main result of the study is that THE MEANING OF LIFE concept is universal, not individual, and it includes other universal concepts, such as RELIGION, LOVE, PASSION, THE MEANING OF LIFE, conceptual metaphors and metonyms, symbols, and other words-associates, which constitute the broad figurative and evaluative periphery of the conceptual sphere of the novel.
To The Problem Of Researching Individual Concepts In Author’s Texts
Authors: Razumkova Nadezhda V.
Published: May 2020

This article reviews the text concept studies on the material of a Russian poem and its translation into Chinese within the framework of the anthropological linguistics. The study of individual concepts, embodying the ethical and aesthetic values of a creative person, is relevant and promising for the further development of establishing their role in the implementation of a writer’s individual style in translation. The author analyzes the lexical-semantic space, which implements a fragment of the content of the universal concept of HOME, presented in the original and translated texts.
The author presents a linguistic experiment carried out among Chinese students. Its purpose was to consider the cognitive (indicative, figurative, and situational) basis of the content of the translation and the degree of its compliance with the author’s intention. The tasks include the description of translation transformations as well as interpretation of the mental reactions of Chinese respondents.
The results obtained indicate that the author’s representation of the HOME concept is achieved through the use of cognitive structures, associated with Russian traditional views. The representation of the discursive concept by interpreters is accompanied by cognitive refraction in terms of the associative development of thoughts. Literary translation is seen as an indirect act of intercultural communication, the subjects of which — the author, translator, and reader — have a set of individual characteristics, lining up on the principle of following an ethnic cultural standard to individual-emotional and gender marked manifestations.
Corpus Analysis Of Reporting Verbs In Abstracts To Research Articles
Authors: Khabibullina Saida B. , Ulyanova Olga B.
Published: May 2020

The authors of this article employ the methods of corpus linguistics to study the semantics of general scientific verbs of the lexical-semantic group of reporting in order to study the semantic organization and thematic ordering of this group of English-language predicates in abstracts. The categorical taxonomic meaning of reporting verbs provides an appropriate perception of information when compressing the main text of a research article. Studies that exist in this area comprise the analyses of the rhetorical structure or linguo-cognitive organization of research articles abstracts in various subject areas. Paradigmatics and syntagmatics of lexical units in general and predicates in particular remain not fully understood within the framework of abstracts.
Consequently, the relevance of the subject of the study, namely verbs of reporting in abstracts, is due to the objective need to perform the communicative task of creating or translating a research article abstract mainly from Russian into English. At the same time, the non-English academic community needs access to authentic research, the understanding of which occurs mainly basing on proposition predicates. Based on the material of the сompiled corpus of 500 research article abstracts in the subject field of linguistics, the use of automated quantitative and qualitative methods of corpus analysis makes the selection of predicates and forms the lexical-semantic group of reporting with the semantic dominant to show, which reveals the highest frequency of use in abstracts. Along with the nuclear semantics to show, the semes: emergence of knowledge; confirmation of knowledge; clarification of knowledge; accentuation of knowledge; overview of knowledge, organize the space of the lexical-semantic group of reporting and, therefore, the texts of abstracts. Syntagmatics of the studied verbs is limited to four types of combination models of a verb and a direct object; a verb and a prepositional object; a verb and a subordinate clause; as well as a verb and an infinitive, where the first model is most frequent and the last one is least frequent.
On The Problem Of Transformation Of Philosophical And Aesthetic Representations Of The Author
Authors: Komarov Sergey A. , Shipov Sergey O.
Published: May 2020

This article presents the first systematic scientific reflection of the poetics of the eight fables by I. A. Krylov, that he did not include in the corpus of his Nine Books of Fables. The great Russian poet wrote these texts at various stages of his life and the development of his self-consciousness as a fabulist,. It is significant that the removal of these texts off the Nine Books occurred during a dynamic change of literary trends in the Russian written culture —the shift from classicism to realism. This change could not but affect the destabilization of the author’s relations with a democratic reader, undermining the stability of the value-didactic canon of the fable.
The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the factors and reasons that prompted Krylov not to include each of the eight fables under study into the corpus of his Nine Books, which became canonical in the history of national literature. The results show a significant difference between the factors and causes of both external and internal order. The external causes and factors include the discrepancy between the poetics of texts and the readers’ expectations in the framework of the concepts of a sensitive and romantic hero, as well as complicity in the conflict between aristocratic and non-aristocratic parties within the Russian elite of the first half of the 19th century. Internal causes and factors are associated with thematic structural outline of specific texts that do not ensure the dialogical unity of the author, subject, and readers’ horizons within the framework of the value-didactic layer of the whole artistic work.
Risk Scores and Prediction Models in Chronic Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Toumpourleka Maria , Patoulias Dimitrios , Katsimardou Alexandra , Doumas Michael , Papadopoulos Christodoulos
Published: May 2020

Background:

Heart failure affects a substantial proportion of the adult population, with an estimated
prevalence of 1-2% in developed countries. Over the previous decades, many prediction models have been introduced
for this specific population in an attempt to better stratify and manage heart failure patients.

Objective:

The aim of this study is the systematic review of recent, relevant literature regarding risk scores or
prediction models in ambulatory patients with an established diagnosis of chronic heart failure.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and CENTRAL from their inception up
till December 2019 for studies assessing the performance of risk scores and prediction models and original research
studies. Grey literature was searched as well. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Results:

We included 16 eligible studies in this systematic review. Major heart failure risk scores derived from
large heart failure populations were among the included studies. Due to significant heterogeneity regarding the
main endpoints, a direct comparison of the included prediction scores was inevitable. The majority referred to
patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while only two out of 16 prediction scores have been
developed exclusively for heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Ischemic heart disease was the
most common aetiology of heart failure in the included studies. Finally, more than half of the prediction scores
have not been externally validated.

Conclusion:

Prediction models aiming at heart failure patients with a preserved or mid-range ejection fraction are
lacking. Prediction scores incorporating recent advances in pharmacotherapy should be developed in the future.
Metabolic Ink Lactate Modulates Epigenomic Landscape: A Concerted Role of Pro-tumor Microenvironment and Macroenvironment During Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Pal Jayanta K.
Published: May 2020

Tumor heterogeneity is influenced by various factors including genetic, epigenetic and axis of
metabolic-epigenomic regulation. In recent years, metabolic-epigenomic reprogramming has been considered
as one of the many tumor hallmarks and it appears to be driven by both microenvironment and
macroenvironment factors including diet, microbiota and environmental pressures. Epigenetically, histone
lysine residues are altered by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, acylation,
methylation and lactylation. Furthermore, lactylation is suggested as a new form of PTM that uses a lactate
substrate as a metabolic ink for epigenetic writer enzyme that remodels histone proteins. Therefore, preclinical
and clinical attempts are warranted to disrupt the pathway of metabolic-epigenomic reprogramming that will
turn pro-tumor microenvironment into an anti-tumor microenvironment. This paper highlights the metabolicepigenomic
regulation events including lactylation and its metabolic substrate lactate in the tumor
microenvironment.
Triazavirin - Potential Inhibitor for 2019-nCoV Coronavirus M Protease: A DFT Study
Authors: Shahab Siyamak , Sheikhi Masoome
Published: May 2020

Background:

Triazavirin (2-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]
triazin-7(4H)-one, TZV) is an antiviral drug synthesized. TZV is being investigated for
potential application against the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV.

Aim and Objective:

In order to find candidate drugs for 2019-nCoV, we have carried out a
computational study to screen for effective available drug Triazavirin (C5H4N6O3S)
which may work as inhibitor for the Mpro of 2019-nCoV.

Methods:

In the present work, first time the molecular structure of title molecule has
been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP/MidiX) in gas phase.

Results:

The molecular HOMO-LUMO, excitation energies and oscillator strengths of
investigated compound have also been calculated and presented. The interaction of
TZV compound with the Coronavirus was performed by molecular docking studies.

Conclusion:

Therefore, TZV can be used for potential application against the
Coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis about the Effect of Bisphosphonates on the Risk of Skeletal-Related Event in Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Congcong , Jiang Hua , Chen Jianghua
Published: May 2020

Background:

Although the adjuvant therapy of bisphosphonates in prostate cancer is effective in
improving bone mineral density, it is still uncertain whether bisphosphonates could decrease the risk of Skeletal-
Related Event (SRE) in patients with prostate cancer. We reviewed and analyzed the effect of different types of
bisphosphonates on the risk of SRE, defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy
to the bone, surgery to bone, hypercalcemia, bone pain, or death as a result of prostate cancer.

Methods:

A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and related bibliographies. The emphasis
during data extraction was laid on the Hazard Ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI)
from every eligible Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). HR was pooled with the fixed effects model, and
preplanned subgroup analyses were performed.

Results:

5 RCTs (n = 4651) were included and analyzed finally after screening 51 articles. The meta-analysis of
all participants showed no significant decrease in the risk of SRE when adding bisphosphonates to control group
(HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679). There
was no significant improvement on SRE neither in the subgroups with Metastases (M1) or Castration-Sensitive
Prostate Cancer (CSPC) (respectively HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4)
p = 0.679; HR = 0.954, 95% CI = 0.837 - 1.088, p = 0.484, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 3) p = 0.534).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that bisphosphonates could not statistically significantly reduce the risk of
SRE in patients with prostate cancer, neither in the subgroups with M1 or CSPC.
System Design of MEB in M-IWD Model with Heuristic Function on WSN
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Yasin Noor , Basha M.S. Saleem , Sujatha Pothula
Published: May 2020

Background:

The Modified Intelligent Water Drop algorithm incorporated with the proposed
heuristic function to enhance the characteristics of randomness, individual diversity to minimize the total
energy required to broadcast the data from each sensor node towards the sink node in a network.

Objective:

The Modified Intelligent Water Drop Algorithm has been designed to achieve the divergence
to find out an optimal Minimum Energy Broadcasting tree in WSN.

Methods:

The proposed variant has been evaluated and compared concerning contemporary Evolutionary
techniques using appropriate performance criteria.

Results:

To achieve optimum result, the proposed Modified Intelligent Water Drop algorithm compared
with existing algorithm along with 20 nodes dataset with 30 instances, 50 nodes dataset with
30 instances and 100 nodes dataset with 30 instances.

Conclusion:

In this perspective, a suitable experimental setup has been designed and experiments
are performed on different classes of Minimum Energy Broadcasting instances obtained from standard
Minimum Energy Broadcasting library [Comopt 2012] to validate the proposed Modified Intelligent
Water Drop Algorithm. The simulation results of MEB for MIWD-HUD with convergence
and divergence is given.
Determining the Relative Gene Expression Level of Hypoxia Related Genes in Different Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Baqlouq Laila , Zihlif Malek , Hammad Hana , Thaib Tuqa M. Abu
Published: May 2020

Objective:

This study aims to identify the changes in expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in seven different cancer cell
lines that vary in their oxygen levels in an attempt to identify hypoxia biomarkers that can be targeted in therapy. Profiling of hypoxia
inducible-gene expression of these different cancer cell lines can be used as a baseline data for further studies.

Methods:

Human cancer cell lines obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were used; MCF7 breast cancer cells, PANC1 pancreatic cancer cells, PC-3 prostate cancer cells, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma brain cancer cells, A549 lung cancer cells, and HEPG2
hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, we used MCF10A non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line as a normal cell line. The
differences in gene expression were examined using real-time PCR array (PAHS-032Z, Human Hypoxia Signaling Pathway PCR
Array) and analyzed using the ΔΔCt method.

Results:

Almost all hypoxia-inducible genes showed a PO2-dependent up- and down-regulated expression. Noticeable gene expression differences were identified. The most important changes occurred in the HIF1α and NF-KB signaling pathways targeted genes
and in central carbon metabolism pathway genes such as HKs, PFKL, and solute transporters.

Conclusion:

This study identified possible hypoxia biomarkers genes such as NF-KB, HIF1α, HK, PFKL, and PIM1 that were expressed in all hypoxic cells. Pleotropic pathways that play a role in inducing hypoxia directly such as HIF1 α and NF-kB pathways
were upregulated. In addition, genes expressed only in the severe hypoxic liver and pancreatic cells indicate that severe and intermediate hypoxic cancer cells vary in their gene expression. Gene expression differences between cancer and normal cells showed the
shift in gene expression profile to survive and proliferate under hypoxia.
Method of identification of technical condition of equipped train equipment
Authors: Kucherov Y. S. , Dopira R. V. , Shvedun A. A. , Yagolnikov D. V.
Published: May 2020

Due to the fact that the equipment of modern electric trains is functionally and technologically complicated, the relevance of creating airborne systems for predictive monitoring of the technical condition of trains to identify their actual and predicted technical condition is increasing. At present, it has not been possible to build automatic on-board systems for predictive monitoring of the technical condition of trains. One of the possible solutions to this problem can be considered the creation of on-board systems, the identification of the technical condition of equipment in which is carried out using neural network technologies. The article proposes a methodology for identifying the technical condition of electric train equipment using artificial neural network technologies, which allows real-time detection of the occurrence and development of malfunctions of electric train equipment with the display of information on the display in the driver’s cab. Taking into account the specifics of the problem being solved, the choice of a multilayer architecture of a direct distribution neural network is justified. All layers of the neural network are completely interconnected, while the number of neurons of the input and output layers of the network is determined, equal to the number of controlled parameters of the technical condition of the electric train and the number of its possible technical conditions, respectively. As a function of activation of network neurons, a logistic function was selected. A heuristic approach is used to train an artificial neural network.
Детектирование клеток, содержащих интернализованные мультидоменные магнитные наночастицы оксида железа (II, III), методом магнитно-резонансной томографии
Authors: Енукашвили Н.И. , Коткас И.Е. , Боголюбов Д.С. , Котова А.В. , Боголюбова И.О. , Багаева В.В. , Левчук К.А. , Масленникова И.И. , Иволгин Д.А. , Артамонов А.Ю. , Марченко Н.В. , Миндукшев И.В.
Published: May 2020

This study evaluated the feasibility of using uncoated iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles (IONP) obtained by electric explosion of wire in air for labelling living mesenchymal stromal cells and their subsequent visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 1.5T clinical MRI scanners. The uptake of uncoated IONP by MSC was demonstrated for the wide range of IONP concentration in the cell culture medium. The cells did not change their proliferative activity, viability, and the set of surface markers. IONP obtained by electric explosion of wire in an atmosphere of air had a shape close to spherical. The size of nanoparticles varied from 14 to 136 nm according to dynamic lateral light scattering, laser diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Particles up to 136 nm comprised 75%, and particles less than 36 nm --- 10% of the IONP powder. A wide range of particle sizes made it possible to select MRI parameters suitable for labelled cells detection in animal tissues both in the T2 mode and in the T1 relaxation mode.
Влияние низкочастотного магнитного поля на полиэлектролитные микрокапсулы с наночастицами магнетита
Authors: Бурмистров И.А. , Трушина Д.Б. , Бородина Т.Н. , Веселов М.М. , Клячко Н.Л. , Зайцев В.Б. , Gonzalez-Alfaro Y. , Букреева Т.В.
Published: May 2020

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been prepared by sequential adsorption of oppositely charged sodium polystyrene sulfonate and polyallylamine hydrochloride molecules on the surface of calcium carbonate particles. The capsule shells are functionalized with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to provide control over the localization of microcapsules and the permeability of their shells. The control of microcapsule permeability using a low-frequency non-heating magnetic field is based on the magneto-mechanical actuation, which, due to its high penetration ability, locality and safety, is preferable for application in vivo to magnetic hyperthermia. Here we report on the results of analysis of the effect of a low-frequency pulsed sinusoidal magnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz on the permeability of the microcapsule shell for fluorescently labeled dextran molecules. It was found that the permeability of the shell increases with a decrease in the duration of the pause between magnetic field pulses, causing an increase in the amount of dextran in the shell.
Получение цилиндрических магнитных наночастиц для функционализации полиэлектролитных микрокапсул
Authors: Долуденко И.М. , Михеев А.В. , Бурмистров И.А. , Трушина Д.Б. , Бородина Т.Н. , Букреева Т.В. , Загорский Д.Л.
Published: May 2020

The paper is devoted to the creation of magnetic polymer capsules which can be applied for targeted drug delivery. Cylindrical magnetic nanoparticles were used for this purpose. The method for producing of such particles is proposed. It consists in the synthesis of layered nanowires with alternating layers of the required magnetic metal and "sacrificial" layers of non-magnetic metal. The method of matrix synthesis based on galvanic deposition (with varying potential) of the required metals in the pores of track membranes was used to produce wires with alternated layers. Such wires with a diameter of 100 nm and with Nickel layers of Nickel of 400 or 200 nm were produced. A method for further separation of Nickel fragments by selective etching (removal) of copper ("sacrificial") fragments has been developed. The possibilities of preventing aggregation of the formed magnetic nanoparticles and their introduction into the shells of polymer capsules are considered.
Бинарные наносистемы на основе амфифильных молекулярных щеток, загруженных фотосенсибилизатором Радахлорином или наночастицами селена
Authors: Валуева С.В. , Суханова Т.Е. , Вылегжанина М.Э. , Мелешко Т.К.
Published: May 2020

The morphological, spectral and molecular conformational characteristics of amphiphilic molecular brushes with polyimide main chain and polymetacrylic acid side chains loaded with a second-generation photosensitizer Radachlorin® or nanoparticles of the biogenic element – selenium in the zero–valence form were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic/static light scattering. The influence of the side chains grafting density of amphiphilic molecular brushes and the hydrophobic preparation/agent loaded into them on the morphological, spectral and molecular conformational characteristics of synthesized binary nanosystems is shown.
Математическое моделирование нарушений перфузии миокарда, диагностируемых методом однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии
Authors: Колинко И.П. , Денисова Н.В. , Аншелес А.А.
Published: May 2020

In this paper the results of studies aimed at the developing of mathematical model of the left ventricle myocardium of the heart in the polar map "bulleye" are presented. Comparison of images obtained as a result of numerical simulation with similar cases in clinical practice made it possible to assess the errors and inaccuracies of reconstruction in the method of SPECT.
Мальформации как нарушение фрактальной структуры кровеносной системы организма
Authors: Антонов В. , Ефремов П.
Published: May 2020

The article contains a description of mathematical models, the bases of which is the representation of the body circulatory system as a multifractal object. As examples, we consider the solution of two problems. The first issue is related to the normal state of the body’s life support system, namely, heat transfer in human skin. The model base is the equations of hydrodynamics and heat transfer. Quantitative results of calculating heat fluxes in three layers of the dermis are presented. The second issue deals with a violation of fractality due to the presence of arteriovenous malformation in the brain vascular system. The SolidWorks 2017 Flow Simulation software product serves as the basis for the implementation of a blood flow model in the presence of malformation. As a result of the simulation, data on the velocities and blood flow in the vessels were obtained for various cases of malformations.
Фокусированный ультразвук высокой интенсивности: тепловой нагрев и разрушение биологической ткани
Authors: Андреева Т.А. , Беркович А.Е. , Быков Н.Ю. , Козырев С.В. , Лукин А.Я.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the results of a numerical study of the processes of heating and destruction of biological tissue by a series of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) pulses generated by a multi-element transducer. Tumor treatment programs that differ in the spatial localization of focal points in the tissue (Archimedes spiral, “square” spiral), the number of pulses and the delay between pulses are considered. A significant effect of the parameters of a series of pulses and the perfusion process on the boundaries of the proceeded region in the considered range of moderate radiation intensities was established. It is shown that over time, the process of heat propagation in tissue becomes quasispherical and weakly depends on the type of ablation program. The possibility of using this process property to optimize the protocols of HIFU medical procedures is discussed.
Исследование влияния материала микрофлюидного чипа на полимеразную цепную реакцию
Authors: Тупик А.Н. , Рудницкая Г.Е. , Лукашенко T.А. , Евстрапов А.А.
Published: May 2020

The effect of a number of polymer materials of domestic and foreign manufacturers on the polymerase chain reaction has been verified. It was found that in the microchip from polymethylmethacrylate there was no adsorption of the components of the reaction mixture at room temperature, however, during the polymerase reaction in the microchip, the reaction efficiency decreases at low DNA concentrations.
Влияние хлорида аммония на структуру наночастиц гидроксиапатита и пролиферативную активность мезенхимных стромальных клеток
Authors: Добровольская И.П. , Малафеев К.В. , Нащекина Ю.А. , Касаткин И.А. , Попова Е.Н. , Юдин В.Е.
Published: May 2020

Получены наночастицы синтетического гидроксиапатита, содержащие кристаллы хлорида аммония. Методами рентгеновской дифракции, термогравиметрического анализа и БЭТ показано, что разложение кристаллов хлорида аммония в среде аргона происходит в интервале T=220-270oC. Обработка при T=300oC приводит к термической стабильности наночастиц. Наличие хлорида аммония в культуральной среде существенно влияет на биосовместимость наночастиц, увеличение его содержания снижает пролиферативную активность мезенхимных стромальных клеток. Ключевые слова: наночастицы, гидроксиапатит, хлорид аммония, структура, пролиферативная активность, стромальные клетки.
Violencia familiar y bajo rendimiento académico de estudiantes adolescentes de secundaria, Montería 2018
Authors: Orozco Gómez Cleiver , Castellón Canabal Yuleidis
Published: May 2020

La violencia es reconocida como un problema de Salud Pública. De acuerdo con lo definido por la OMS y OPS, es uno de los principales factores que contribuyen a la muerte, la enfermedad y la discapacidad. Objetivo. Determinar el tipo de violencia familiar presente en estudiantes de secundaria con bajo rendimiento académico de una institución académica de Montería, 2018.  Materiales y métodos. Descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, se aclara que el estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa, pero se implementó en la metodología cuantitativa. La muestra fue de 45 estudiantes entre 14 y 18 años, que presentaron bajo rendimiento académico. Resultados. En los tipos de violencia que más presentan los estudiantes podemos observar que la violencia física y la violencia psicológica obteniendo un porcentaje de 45% y 33% respectivamente. Conclusiones. Un porcentaje significativo de la población estudiada presentó violencia física y psicológica, caracterizándose por golpes e insultos, siendo necesario intervenciones a nivel familiar donde se promueva principios y valores, Asimismo, se identificó que la mayoría, cursaban octavo y noveno grado y presentaban bajo rendimiento académico.
Collateral Crises of Gun Preparation and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Caputi Theodore L , Ayers John W , Dredze Mark , Suplina Nicholas , Burd-Sharps Sarah
Published: May 2020

Background

In the past, national emergencies in the United States have resulted in increased gun preparation (ie, purchasing new guns or removing guns from storage); in turn, these gun actions have effected increases in firearm injuries and deaths.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to assess the extent to which interest in gun preparation has increased amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using data from Google searches related to purchasing and cleaning guns.

Methods

We fit an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model over Google search data from January 2004 up to the week that US President Donald Trump declared COVID-19 a national emergency. We used this model to forecast Google search volumes, creating a counterfactual of the number of gun preparation searches we would expect if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred, and reported observed deviations from this counterfactual.

Results

Google searches related to preparing guns have surged to unprecedented levels, approximately 40% higher than previously reported spikes following the Sandy Hook, CT and Parkland, FL shootings and 158% (95% CI 73-270) greater than would be expected if the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred. In absolute terms, approximately 2.1 million searches related to gun preparation were performed over just 34 days. States severely affected by COVID-19 appear to have some of the greatest increases in the number of searches.

Conclusions

Our results corroborate media reports that gun purchases are increasing amid the COVID-19 pandemic and provide more precise geographic and temporal trends. Policy makers should invest in disseminating evidence-based educational tools about gun risks and safety procedures to avert a collateral public health crisis.
Comparison of Transmissibility of Coronavirus Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients: Reanalysis of the Ningbo COVID-19 Data
Authors: Yin Guosheng , Jin Huaqing
Published: May 2020

Background

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019, the coronavirus has spread all over the world at an unprecedented rate. The transmissibility of the coronavirus from asymptomatic patients to healthy individuals has received enormous attention. An important study using COVID-19 data from the city of Ningbo, China, was carried out to estimate and compare the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, in the original analysis, the usual chi-square tests were unduly used for some contingency tables with small cell counts including zero, which may violate the assumptions for the chi-square test.

Objective

We reanalyze the data from the city of Ningbo with more appropriate statistical methods to draw more reliable and sound conclusions on the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Methods

We excluded the cases associated with the super-spreader and adopted a more appropriate statistical method, including the permutation test and the Fisher exact test, to reanalyze the COVID-19 data from the city of Ningbo.

Results

After excluding the cases related to the super-spreader, the Fisher exact test yields a P value of .84, which indicates stronger evidence of no difference in the transmission rates compared with the original analysis. The odds ratio of the coronavirus transmission rates between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients is 1.2 with a 95% confidence interval 0.5-2.8.

Conclusions

Through a more in-depth and comprehensive statistical analysis of the Ningbo data, we concluded that there is no difference in the transmission rates of coronavirus between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Risk Factors For Acute Pancreatitis (Preprint)
Authors: Casey Kevin , Taylor William , Smith Steve
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Acute Pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas which is characterized by
abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes in the blood. Acute pancreatitis is one of the
leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States. Etiology of acute
pancreatitis is diverse with many causes attributed to it. Alcohol abuse and gallstones are the
leading causes of acute pancreatitis. We a carried a literature search for etiology of acute
pancreatitis using the online databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar. We
reviewed the pertinent articles about acute pancreatitis and its etiology. The review is an attempt
to provide a better understanding of the possible various etiologic causes of acute pancreatitis.