bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Results of Automatic P-Wave Regional Earthquake Arrival Time Picking Using Machine Learning with STA/LTA As the Input Parameters
Authors: Lumban Gaol Y H , Lobo R K , Angkasa S S , Abdullah A , Madrinovella I , Widyanti S , Priyono A , Suhardja S K , Nugraha A D , Zulfakriza Z , Widiyantoro S , Hakim M Luqman , Palgunadi K H
Published: November 2021

The Short Term Averaging/Long Term Averaging (STA/LTA) has been widely used to detect earthquake arrival time. The method simply calculates the ratio of moving average of the waveform amplitude at short and long-time windows. However, although STA/LTA signals can distinguish between real events and noise, we still recognize some lack of accuracies in first P wave arrival pickings. In this study, we attempt to implement one machine learning method popularly, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that employ input, hidden and output layer similar as human brain works. Note that in this study, we also try to add input parameters with another derivative signal attributes such as Recursive STA/LTA and Carl STA/LTA. The processing step started by collecting event waveforms from the Agency of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics. We chose regional events with moment magnitude higher than 3 in the Maluku region Indonesia. Next, we apply all STA/LTA attributes to the input waveforms. We also tested our STA/LTA with synthetic data and additional noise. Further step, we manually picked the arrival of P wave events and used this as the output for ANN. In total, we used 100 events for arrival data training in P wave phases. In the validation process, an accuracy of more than 0.98 can be obtained after 200 iterations. Final outputs showed, that in average, the difference between manual picking and automatic picking from ANN is 0.45 s. We are able to increase the accuracy by band pass filter (0.1 – 3 Hz) all signal and improve the mean into 0.15s difference between manual picking and ANN picks.
Pyroclastic Deposits Identification using Near-Surface Seismic Refraction Tomography in Rawa Dano Volcanic Complex, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Maryadi Maryadi , Ilahi Bisgar Nanda Aminy , Yufajjiru Luthfi , Rizqulloh Rifqi , Fatih Ghozy El , Jabbar Gamma Abdul
Published: November 2021

Rawa Dano is a caldera lake which resulted from Dano Purba Volcano’s massive eruption, and it produced a huge amount of pyroclastic deposits that typically formed complex volcaniclastic series. Due to the lack of information regarding the subsurface properties of Rawa Dano area, therefore in this study, a low-energy seismic refraction survey was carried out to identify the distribution of pyroclastic deposits resulted from intensive volcanic eruptions. The data were acquired from two lines in two different sites. Variations of longitudinal velocity in the seismic vertical cross-section suggest that there are more than one type of deposits existed in the area. The results show two main refractors which are related to the deposition of different facies. The seismic velocity shown in the upper part of the seismic tomography model indicates that the pyroclastic deposit has a great thickness. This finding suggests that the eruptions happened massively. By combining the results from both sites, it could be inferred that the preceding one is even bigger in magnitude. The result is in agreement with the earlier surface geological study, which explains a similar conclusion. This research demonstrates the capability of seismic refraction tomography to map the distribution and condition of volcanic deposits around Rawa Dano Volcanic Complex.
Preliminary Model of P-Wave Tomography Beneath Central Java using FMTOMO
Authors: Yasir M , Brilianti P T , Angkasa S S , Widyanti S , Herawati I , Pranowo W , Satiawan S , Suhardja S K , Priyono A , Widiyantoro S , Ramdhan M
Published: November 2021

The tectonic setting of Java Island is mainly controlled by the collision of Indo-Australian plate subducting the Eurasian plate. The high collision activity of Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates often causes megathrust earthquakes and the rise of arc magmatism that includes volcanic eruption. This study aims to determine the tectonic pattern beneath Central Java based on P-wave tomography inversion. We used the fast-marching method as ray tracing and subspace inversion to image subsurface velocity model to a depth of 150 km. The data used in this study are catalogue events data derived from a temporary seismometer network MERAMEX installed around central Java and DOMERAPI installed surround Mt. Merapi and Mt. Merbabu. We also include events collected from the International Seismological Centre. In total, we processed 563 earthquake events to illustrate velocity structures under central Java. The checker-board model shows that good resolutions can be identified at shallow depth, including offshore south Java contributed from Ocean Bottom Seismometer data. In vertical axis, good resolution models can be expected down to a depth 150 km following rich events from the Benioff zone. Current P wave model show a distinct low velocity zone under Mt Merapi that can be seen down to a depth of 40 km, suggesting a possible separated deep magma reservoir. To the south of Mt Merapi area also shows a low-velocity band that may be related with the southern mountain arc. Additionally, the northern part of Mt. Merapi displays a band of strong low-velocity anomaly to the East and West with the anomaly in the Eastern Part seems to have a deeper extension to a depth of ~50 km. We related this anomaly with Merapi Lawu Anomaly and Kendeng basin. Our results show a similar result with the previous tomography models in this region.
Preliminary Results of Double Difference Tomography at Sunda-Banda Arc
Authors: Haolia  , Sulaiman M. I. , Brilianti P. T. , Nugroho R. P. , Madrinovella I. , Abdullah A. , Zaky D. A. , Suhardja S. K. , Priyono A. , Widiyantoro S. , Ramdhan M. , Nugraha A. M. S.
Published: November 2021

The Sunda-Arc transition to the Banda Arc is located on the south of the Flores Island, Indonesia, where the Australian lithosphere is moving to the north direction. On-going subduction process dictates the tectonic setting though some studies also suggest a collision and obduction may occur in the past due to of plate buoyancy. This area has active seismicity with frequent large magnitude events. To better understand the tectonic system in this region, we performed double-difference tomography inversion using regional events. We obtained the data catalog from the Indonesian Agency of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics ranging from 116° to 125° east longitude and -6.5° to 12.5° latitude. We collected 4312 events data, detected from 15 stations from January 2015 to December 2019. Final relocated hypocenters showed a reduced fixed-depth problem and a more clustered event, although some deep events disappear. Most events are related to the subducting Benioff zone with some clustered events in the northern area may be related to back-arc thrust. We also observed clustered events near active volcano region and reduced shallow seismicity region to the west of the Timor Island. Resolution test using the checkerboard and Derivative weigh Sum (DWS) shows that fair P wave resolution can be achieved until 300 km, although a smearing start to show at a deeper depth. However, due to lack of arrival S wave data, the resolution test suggest good resolution can only be seen until a depth of 100 km. Tomogram P and S wave models show a clear dipping subducting slab from south to North down to a 250 km. We also spot a fast velocity band near the Timor Island area that similar to the previous tomography study, interpreted as sliver forearm. We spotted a band of lower Vp, lower Vs and higher Vp/Vs at shallow depth close to the volcanic line and we interpreted this as a zone of higher temperature, that may relate to magmatic activity in this region. We also noticed a zone of low velocity and higher Vp/Vs that may relate with dehydration and partial melting. However, we feel this still uncertain due to low Vs resolution.
Early Result for Microtremor Characteristic Observation in Merapi and Merbabu
Authors: Fernanda E. , Bilqis A. , Julio L. , Nursal K. , Christ Y. H. , Adiansyah T. , Suhardja S. K , Ramdhan M.
Published: November 2021

The arc magmatism and volcanic activity in Java are dominated by the subducting plate of Indo-Australian into the Eurasian plate. Merapi volcano is located in Central Java and known as one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Several studies have tried to estimate the magma reservoir zone in Mt. Merapi and suggested multiple layers of reservoirs with the shallow one at 1-2 km and a deeper at 6 -9 km or 15 km. The Low-Frequency Passive Seismic is one method to analyze the frequency spectrum below the recording station. Previous related studies show a promising a relation between hydrocarbon reservoir and higher amplitude at vertical component at a frequency between 0.1 – 6 Hz. An observation at the volcano sites have also been reported to display a different spectrum amplitude at the vertical component. This study exploited the same method in LFPS to analyze the frequency spectrum at Mt. Merapi and Mt. Merbabu. We use seismic data from the DOMERAPI temporary seismic network installed in the neighborhood of Merapi and Merbabu volcano. We analyze 53 broad-band seismometers data from October 2013 to mid-April 2015. We also add several stations from MERAMEX network instruments to compare spectrum analysis outside the Merapi and Merbabu volcano. We also removed some tele-seismic and regional events from the data to better analyze the LFPS signal. We have seen a higher amplitude in vertical component near Mt. Merapi and will proceed to analyze all stations.
Land Subsidence of Java North Coast Observed by SAR Interferometry
Authors: Sidiq T P , Gumilar I , Meilano I , Abidin H Z , Andreas H , Permana A
Published: November 2021

Land Subsidence became recent issue in environmental management in Indonesia. Large cities in Indonesia, especially in Java Island, are well known to suffer from fast rate land subsidence such as Jakarta, Bandung, and Semarang. However, the phenomena is presumed to also happen in other cities which have large industries and located on the deposit or clay soil layer. The effect of land subsidence may be different in some location, but the coastal zone will have more impact since land subsidence will also induce tidal flood and may cause land area reduction. In this study, we use more than 70 Sentinel-1 data, range from year 2016 to 2020 to map the land subsidence in the Java North Coast. The interferograms are selected based on Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) is used in differential InSAR process. Our result shows that many cities along the Java North Coast suffer land subsidence. Jakarta, experience has maximum subsidence more than 5 cm/year. In Central Java, Pekalongan experience up to 7 cm/year of land subsidence, while Semarang and Demak has subsidence rate up to 8 cm/year.
Laboratory-scaled Azimuthal Resistivity Survey for Fracture Detection
Authors: Salam R , Parnadi W W
Published: November 2021

We conducted azimuthal resistivity survey (ARS) at laboratory scale to study apparent resistivity patterns due to fracture existing in subsurface through physical modeling using test objects buried in a sandbox as well as in a test location outside laboratory building. This survey was divided into 2 experiments, i.e. experiment A and experiment B. In experiment A the survey is implemented on 2.50 m x 1.5 m x 0.81 m sandbox, made of 10mm thick glass plates. Sandstone was used as medium representing quasi homogenous medium. Clay roof tiles as well as steel plates as test objects were buried in the sandbox with three different deep angles: 90°, 45° and 0°. In experiment B this survey was conducted outside laboratory building on the grass field and implemented on 2.50 m x 2.5 m x 1.0 m soil body. Vertical single glass plate as well as vertical double glass plates at 30 cm distance were buried in the soil body. Azimuthal resistivity measurements at 15° angular step using Wenner and dipole-dipole configuration were carried out in both experiments located at 1 point just above anomalous object for experiment A and at 3 points at 15 cm distance from anomalous object for experiment B. As a compliment to ARS we acquired profiling data from two lines parallel and perpendicular to horizontal axis of anomalous object. Our results show that the apparent resistivity pattern can show the direction of anomalous object for both configurations and experiments with a little deviation.
Implementation of Landslide Susceptibility Model Using Machine Learning for Semi Detailed Map Scale in Mountainous Region of Java Island
Authors: Sadisun Imam A. , Kartiko Rendy D. , Dinata Indra A.
Published: November 2021

Landslide susceptibility modeling using neural network (ANN) are applied to semi detailed volcanic-sedimentary water catchment. Annually landslide occurred in catchment area frequently in unconsolidated and weathered material combined with uncertainty in rainfall pattern that complicated landslide occurrence. Data used for analysis including landslide inventory, geology, digital elevation related data, distance to stream, and several other available data. Results show that machine learning method yield fair result data based on evaluation on Area under Curve (AUC). Thus, it can be suggested that machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility model could still be develop to produce robust prediction model with different characterization of parameter data and machine learning parameters.
Crustal deformation of Eastern Indonesia regions derived from 2010-2018 GNSS Data
Authors: Rahmadani Suchi , Meilano Irwan , Sarsito Dina A. , Susilo
Published: November 2021

Eastern Indonesia lies in a complex tectonic region due to the interaction of four major tectonic plates: the Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate, and Sunda Block. Therefore, this region hosted some destructive seismic activities as well as tectonic deformation, such as the Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake, the sequences of the 2018 Lombok Earthquake, and the Mw 6.5 Ambon Earthquake in 2019. Our work proposes a recent study on crustal deformation in Eastern Indonesia inferred from Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field. We used GPS data from the observations of 49 permanent and 61 campaign stations from 2010 to 2018. Here, our velocity field result represents long-term tectonic deformation regions in Eastern Indonesia continuously, from Bali in the west to Papua in the east, demonstrated both in the ITRF 2008 and the Sunda reference frames. The spatial pattern of velocity field map collected from this research will give an initial insight into the present-day tectonic condition in Eastern Indonesia and then can be used to improve our ability to assess this area’s earthquake potential.
Application of P-Wave Moment Magnitude (Mwp) and Rupture Time Duration (Tdur) to Analyze A Potential Tsunami Earthquake in Sumatra
Authors: Simanjuntak Andrean V H , Sihotang Noviana , Simangunsong Afryanti V , Simamora Buha M M , Kuncoro Djati C , Asnawi Yusran , Umar Muksin , Irwandi I.
Published: November 2021

Tsunami warning is one of many important reports to save lives and reduce the damage for local peoples. A moment magnitude of P-wave (Mwp) and the rupture time duration (Tdur) can be used as the quickly parameters to diseminate the tsunami warning. In this paper, we analyze the seismic waveform from global network to get Mwp and Tdur of South-West Coast of Sumatera earthquake. Mwp was calculated using automatic and manual phase picking of P phase. The results of this study show a well-analyzed relationship between P wave from automatic and manual picking, Mwp and time duration, respectively. The result also give an encouraging studies for the early warning system that will be set up in the future in the region.
Synthetic Modeling of Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Data
Authors: Syaifuddin Firman , Nugraha Andri Dian , Zulfakriza  , Rosalia Shindy
Published: November 2021

Ambient seismic noise tomography is one of the most widely used methods in seismological studies today, especially after a comprehensive Earth noise model was published and noise analysis was performed on the IRIS Global Seismographic Network. Furthermore, the Power Spectral Density technique was introduced to identify background seismic noise in the United States. Many studies have been carried out using the ambient seismic noise tomography method which can be broadly grouped into several groups based on the objectives and research targets, such as to determine the structure of the earth’s crust and the upper mantle, to know the thickness of the sedimentary basins, to know the tectonic settings and geological structures, to know volcanic systems and geothermal systems, knowing near-surface geological features and as a monitoring effort the Ambient Noise Tomography method carried out by repeated measurements or time lapse. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of the ambient noise seismic tomography method, both its advantages and limitations of the method by utilizing synthetic data modeling using a simple geological model. Synthetic data is generated based on 1D dispersion curve forward modelling and the forward modeling of surface waves travel time for each period, which is then convoluted with the wavelets of each periods, then doing reverse correlation using a reference signal to produce synthetic recording data. We found that the estimate target depth and vertical resolution depend on the recorded data periods and the synthetic data modeling can be used as a basis in determining the acquisition design.
GIS-based land suitability analysis for potential urban development sites in Diffun, Quirino, Philippines
Authors: Sia E E A , Navarra N , Villa Juan J D
Published: November 2021

As the world moves towards urbanization, the demand for land for urban land use increases. If left unmanaged, this might result in the wastage of land that could have been used for more productive purposes, such as agriculture. Other developments can also pose risks to the environment and to those who inhabit it. Therefore, land suitability analyses must be carried out before proceeding to urban planning. This study produced an urban suitability analysis of the municipality of Diffun in Quirino Province as a basis for future urban planning. Conducting this analysis will be very timely, considering that the revision of the municipality’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) will start in 2021. In this study, two methods of doing the analysis were integrated: Boolean overlay and weighted overlay. Using the gathered spatial data, a total of 18 factors and restrictions were produced for the analysis. Restriction layers used in the Boolean overlay method include existing built-up areas, erosion risk, flooding susceptibility, protected agricultural lands, other protected lands, Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL), slope, waterway buffers, and ecotourism site buffers. Meanwhile, the weighted overlay analysis used the following factors: elevation, land-use type, distance to ecotourism sites, distance to local roads, distance to national and provincial roads, proximity to the downtown, distance to protected agricultural lands, distance to waterways, and slope. The weights of the factors were calculated using a pairwise matrix. The study concluded that only 0.32% of the total land area of the municipality is most suitable for urban land-use, while 87.36% is considered not suitable for the development of built-up areas.
Distance analysis of U-turn round facilities for sustainable urban development (case study of Ahmad Yani Road, Tirtayasa and Cilegon road)
Authors: Hidayat B , Saputri F A A
Published: November 2021

Cilegon City is an industrial city with internal and internal movements occurring on one access road stretching from Jalan Raya Cilegon, Jalan Ahmad Yani, and Jalan Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. This arterial road section has a total road length of 5 km that passes through the Cilegon City area, which is the center of activity. Efficient use of traffic space by arranging the traffic space efficiency is used the distance between U-turns so that delays and queues are low. As long this road network has the highest volume of 2,399 pcu/h with an average speed of 32 km/h and reaching a VCR of 0.8 has a median number of 13-point openings, the number of uncontrolled U-turns causes many conflicts traffic that will cause traffic disruption when a vehicle makes a U-turn. The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of the road network in the Area of the City of Cilegon by knowing the best distance between U-Turns. Simulation analysis uses Vissim software to produce the ideal distance for each opening in the Cilegon City arterial road, which is then utilized in the arrange of the U-turn facility itself. The method used is the calculates of existing traffic performance and simulation to determine the ideal distance between U-Turn facilities. The simulation results with the ideal Vissim model of the distance between the turning facilities were 650 meters with an average delay of 17.56 seconds, a network speed of 33.07 km/h, a total distance of 28,453.34 km, and the total travel time to be 847.30 hours.
Ligtas Agtas: a sustainable and disaster-ready resettlement area for the Agta Community in Sitio Pulang Lupa
Authors: Ang S R , Palarca H T
Published: November 2021

Most indigenous peoples experience homelessness in the Philippines. This is the case for Mount Kalbo’s indigenous tribe, the Agta Community. They face the challenges of dealing with mass wasting disasters potentially devastating their houses and compromising the lives of their families. It is with high hopes that they will be resettled to Sitio Pulang Lupa to rebuild a community, in which this research aims to propose and develop. The proposed resettlement’s goal is to improve and sustain the Agtas’ living conditions in Sitio Pulang Lupa by addressing the unstable slopes and preparing the community to cope with mass wasting disasters. Sitio Pulang Lupa is analyzed compared to Mount Kalbo regarding its advantages of keeping the resettlement sustainable and safe from mass wasting. The resettlement merges the Agtas’ necessities to achieve the research’s objectives, which are improved living conditions, cultural representation, and disaster preparedness into one landscape development in Sitio Pulang Lupa. The resettlement comprises of spaces and facilities that reflect their cultural practices and their needs. Disaster management protocols were also formulated by mapping safe routes, and refuge landscapes to equip the Agtas with preparedness in case disaster occurs. To sustain the vision for the Agtas, soil conditions are firstly addressed by using contour planting. It was used as slope protection and to over-all enhance the environmental quality of the Agtas’ resettlement area. The resettlement as a whole shall be able to meet the research’s goal of proposing a landscape development that mitigates the mass wasting threats experienced by the Agtas, and improves their living conditions. Having said that, Agtas shall finally feel safe and secured in their own homes.
Attaining food self-sufficiency through the Edible Landscaping (EL) Technology: Assessing the Promotional Activities of EL in the Philippines, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sanchez F C , Ilang-Ilang Jr.M C , Balladares M C E , Apacionado B V , Tayobong R R P , Medina N G , Torres R O
Published: November 2021

The sustainability of the food supply seems to be a never-ending concern of many households in the Philippines. This concern is most especially felt in this time of pandemic wherein many Filipinos are struggling on where to get their food to feed their families. The adoption of edible landscaping has become more in demand because of the current situation caused by the pandemic. As such, having a sustainable edible garden is very much recommended because it can provide the household a “garden to table” food which can help in making the household food self-sufficient. There is a current need to promote edible landscaping technology primarily through trainings and seminars and it should be intensified to inform and educate the people on food self-sufficiency amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Edible landscaping (EL) as an approach that merges the science of crop production and the art of landscaping, is continuously being promoted using different strategies and one of which is the conduct of trainings and seminars all over the Philippines. This study assessed the different ways by which the Edible Landscaping Team of the University of the Philippines Los Banos delivered promotional activities such as webinars and e-training amidst the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using the qualitative approach, specific case studies, and the data gathered were analyzed using thematic analysis. More than 39,000 individuals in the Philippines have already been reached and educated on the technology through the conduct of e-trainings and webinars. The presentations and lectures on edible landscaping were modified based on the needs of the requesting institution and were discussed using a combination of English and Filipino languages. The duration of the eight webinars ranged from a minimum of 30 minutes to a maximum of almost 5 hours (in discussion is written ‘almost 4 hours). Based on the comments, most of the online viewers gave affirmative responses.
Planning for alternative road development connecting East Balikpapan - North Balikpapan
Authors: Setiabudi I , Hermawan I M A
Published: November 2021

Balikpapan City is one of the largest cities in the East Kalimantan region and a city that is developing quite rapidly. These developments include a high population number accompanied by a large number of new activity growths which create a considerable traffic pull around the city center. According to the 2012-2032 City Spatial Plan for Balikpapan City, the priority plan for road development is on Outer Ring Road III and other alternative roads which will become new activity centers in Karang Joang and Manggar sub-districts in Balikpapan City. The road network currently has the highest volume of 4288 pcu / hour with an average speed of 42 km / h and reaches a VCR of 0.8 which has 35 existing roads and 17 intersections. This study intends to improve traffic performance and aims to plan an alternative road network connecting East Balikpapan with North Balikpapan. Simulation analysis uses Visum software to produce the best conditions for handling traffic in Balikpapan City arteries, collectors and local roads where the current condition of the traveler has to go through the East, South, Central and North Balikpapan District network. The method used is the calculation of existing traffic performance and simulation to determine network volume, network speed, total distance and total travel time. The simulation results with the Visum model are the best conditions of traffic performance with an average volume of 762 pcu / hour, an average network speed of 42 km / hour, a total distance of 148487 km, and a total travel time of 3369 hours.
Application of Biophilia Concept on Greenery Layout Arrangement of Buperta Cibubur Tourism Landscape
Authors: Alya S Z , Khrisrachmansyah R
Published: November 2021

The concept of Biophilia shows how humans have a fundamental desire to connect and depend on nature, providing healing and positive impacts on emotional change. DKI Jakarta Province population number has increased significantly from year to year so that the need for green open space increases. Buperta City Forest Area has enormous potential to facilitate the needs of the green space in the City of East Jakarta, but the development of existing natural tourism is still not optimal. The concept of Biophilia can be a solution to increase the attraction, user experience, and increase relaxation benefits for Buperta Cibubur user in sustainable way. The objectives of this research are: (1) Identifying and studying the characteristics of the site and its users, (2) Developing criteria for the utilization of the Biophilia concept in green open spaces, and (3) Developing greenery layout arrangement recommendations. Furthermore, direct observation, interview, and literature study were used comprehensively to collect the data. Data processed using Biophilia approach, through descriptive analysis and spatial method of analyzing the potential and constraints from the site. Detail reccomendation developed on zones with strongest natural potential such as “Kempa”, Recreation Area, and Pine Forest, with each different approach of using Biophilia concept according to the environment and user characteristics. The output of the research is in the form of planting plan and site plan.
PERMACUL(SU+RE): Designing a Sustainable and Regenerative Agricultural Eco-park through Permaculture
Authors: Diquit J S , Palarca H T
Published: November 2021

To protect the beauty and diversity of Quirino from the impacts of natural and human-made disasters, the call for sustainable and regenerative developments strengthens. With the introduction of permaculture in the province, it can serve as a framework for these developments. As such, the study seeks to showcase the potentials of permaculture by integrating its principles in the landscape design of Faraon Integrated Farm, as it aims to be a sustainable and regenerative agricultural eco-park. To achieve its goal, a series of literature studies, analyses, and conceptualization was conducted to identify the areas where permaculture can be incorporated. As a result, a permaculture-based landscape design of a sustainable and regenerative agricultural eco-park with a closed-loop system is developed. The eco-park was divided into six (6) permaculture zones, arranged according to the amount of attention it needs, consisting of areas chosen and designed based on the twelve (12) permaculture principles. To improve its sustainability and regenerative capacity, various technologies, practices, and techniques were also incorporated into the design, such as intercropping, use of natural farming inputs, vermicomposting, rainwater harvester & catchment, and utilization of renewable sources of energy. By imitating the Earth’s natural processes and relationships, permaculture can create sustainable and regenerative developments that could preserve and enhance the natural environment.
Landscape planning for geodiversity conservation of Ciletuh geo area in Ciletuh Geopark using bioregional approach
Authors: Rifqi M F , Pramukanto Q
Published: November 2021

Indonesia has 15 National Geoparks, and four of them have been recognized by UNESCO as the Global Geopark Network (GGN). The Ciletuh Geopark is one of the geo-parks in Indonesia that UNESCO has recognized. With the status of GGN, the management of the Ciletuh Geopark area must be directed according to the area development criteria set by UNESCO. The form of designated area development is related to efforts to increase cooperation, increase local communities’ welfare, develop infrastructure, and establish sustainable geopark areas. This Area’s result must pay attention to the Area’s sensitivity with geological uniqueness so as not to damage the geological diversity (geodiversity) in it. Therefore it is necessary to arrange the area with the direction of area development under the stipulations outlined. This research aims to develop a landscape plan to conserve the Ciletuh Geo Area geodiversity as part of Ciletuh Geopark using a bioregion approach. This process starts from inventory, literature study to analysis and synthesis, and planning. The research is carried out with a bioregion approach to determine the bioregion unit, landscape unit, and place the unit. Biophysical and geological characteristics are used in the preparation of bioregion classes. The synthesis was carried out by compiling the place units with significance values at 18 geological sites, making each place unit’s intrinsic value. The landscape plan prepared by referring to the rules of conservation of nature reserves can be considered in the development and management of the Ciletuh Geo Area in particular and Ciletuh Geopark area in general.
Spatial development of Russia: the role of its Asian regions
Authors: Gomboev B O , Batomunkuev V S , Sharaldaev B B , Ts-D Zhamyanov D , Motoshkina M A , Badmaev A G , Zangeeva N R , Tsydypov V E , Sh Rygzynov T , Ayusheeva V G , Doinikova E E , Banzaraktcaev Z E , Tsybikova A B , Alexeev A V
Published: November 2021

We analysed the balance of environmental, social and economic development of the regions of Asian Russia, assessing the level of adjusted net savings. Using the selected indicators and the assessment of natural, social and production capital values, the typology of territorial production and resource structures of the regions of Asian Russia has been created. Based on the k-means method, using ‘Statistica 12’ software, the clustering and structural zoning by the ratio of natural, productive and human capital in the regions of Asian Russia was carried out.
Integration potential of the economic and geographical position of the regions of Asian Russia
Authors: Sokolov S N , Rjepka E A , Kuznetsova E A
Published: November 2021

Currently, the development of the mathematical and geographical apparatus for assessing the economic and geographical position (EGP) is practically absent, and therefore the authors offer their own methodology for calculating the assessment of the integration potential of the EGP. This potential consists of the potential of the neighbouring position, the permeability of the borders and the transport accessibility of the regions. EGP objectively reveals the individual features and properties of any territory, it has a potential character. The highest indicators of the integration potential of EGP in Asian Russia (AR) are typical for the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass, the Altai Krai and the Republic of Khakassia. Kamchatka Krai, the Magadan Region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug are characterized by the lowest values of such potential. Thus, the EGP of the regions is ambiguous and varies from very convenient to very inconvenient. Territories with a more favourable EGP develop better and faster. The use of the region’s EGP data facilitates its assessment and allows us to determine negative and positive aspects of the socio-economic development of the region, to make a forecast for the further development of a particular region.
Export transportability of Mongolia and Russia-Mongolia relations in the commodity markets
Authors: Bezrukov L A , Fartyshev A N , Enkh-Amgalan S
Published: November 2021

The commodity and geographical structure of Mongolia’s exports, dynamics and features of Mongolia’s foreign trade with Russia are considered. The tendency of weakening of foreign trade interaction of Mongolia with the Eastern regions of Russia is revealed. Using the original author’s method, an assessment of the distribution of Mongolian export goods was carried out, taking into account their transportability in sales markets and areas of remoteness. A pattern has been revealed for the export of low-transportable mineral raw materials, which is almost exclusively directed to neighbouring countries, mainly to China, while more expensive types of Mongolian products (wool, yarn, clothing, gold, etc.) are exported to distant countries. It has been established that the value of Mongolian exports for a number of mineral and raw materials exceeds the Russia’s and have strong growth prospects. The conclusion is drawn that the competition between exporters of Mongolia and the Eastern regions of Russia for foreign markets of mineral commodities, primarily for the Chinese market, will intensify in the near future.
Mechanisms for capacity building of border regions through cross-border cooperation
Authors: Sharaldaev B B , Belomestnov V G , Sharaldaeva I A , Belomestnova I A , Romanova I V , Sharaldaeva A B , Garmaev S D
Published: November 2021

In this study we address the problem of finding mechanisms for capacity building of border areas. We have identified the obstacles to their development: prohibitions on economic activities in border areas, relatively large military forest and land holdings, and potential economic pressure from neighbouring states on businesses and population. The main preferences for their development: interests of neighbouring states in resources and markets formation of transport corridors; intermunicipal, socio-cultural and ethno-religious cooperation. We considered the processes of administrative reassignment of regions between federal districts as a mechanism of problem-based management for regional spatial development by grouping the regions with similar problems. We also discussed the examples of such mechanisms (and their limitations) to increase the economic and social attractiveness of border areas -including territories of priority development and preferential mortgages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the use of an integrated approach to capacity building of border areas through consistent administrative, organizational economic and social mechanisms. This approach can be applied to the design of strategic planning programmes for the spatial and socio-economic development of border areas, including through cross-border cooperation.
Regional trade and economic cooperation along the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor
Authors: Osodoev P V
Published: November 2021

We analysed the characteristics of foreign trade for the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor’ regions. We also examined the commodity and geographic structure of exports and imports of the Economic Corridor regions: the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Mongolia, and the Baikal region of Russia. A large share of Russian and Mongolian exports is made up of raw materials, such as minerals, metals and their low value-added products. Products of the chemical industry, ferrous metals and their products prevail in the commodity structure of the export of Inner Mongolia. The priority in cooperation of these regions is to upgrade transport and cross-border infrastructure to increase transit potential in freight transportation along the planned China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. Through the Economic Corridor project, these regions can significantly strengthen foreign economic cooperation.
Forming a polycentric ecosystem to bring together of Russian and foreign stakeholders to develop of Far Eastern regions
Authors: Nikolaev A V , Belomestnov V G , Belomestnov I V , Khardaev K P , Yu Sandakova N
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigated the joint efforts of Russian and foreign stakeholders to develop the regions of the Russian Far East. The competitive advantages of Russia’s border regions have been identified. Ways of enhancing competitive advantages are considered. The shortcomings of state support for regional development due to insufficient inter-sectoral and inter-regional coordination are noted. This study proposes an ecosystem approach as a mechanism to address this shortcoming. A polycentric ecosystem is a mechanism for equitable stakeholder integration. The hypothesis of this study is that economic and non-economic stakeholder interests, that are involved in launching and implementing projects as part of a development strategy underpin economic space development. We have considered how the barrier and contact functions of borders affect regional development. It has been shown that the methodology for studying stakeholder engagement in the region’s ecosystem is based on a quantitative-qualitative approach and identifies the benefits and challenges of both regions and projects. It reveals favourable and unfavourable factors influencing the integration of stakeholders in ecosystems. The prerequisites for stakeholder integration into a unified ecosystem are identified, and the main directions of integrated transport policy of the regions are considered.
Geographical assessment of region’s parameters
Authors: Ivanishcheva N A , Sedova A V
Published: November 2021

The variety of geographical studies of a region is as great as the diversity of its “portrait” – characteristics and phenomena associated with it. A region has never been considered in isolation from its synonymous concept “district”. The most common interpretations of ‘region’ in the scientific environment and in the information space, its generally accepted definition remains the subject of scientific research, disputes and discussion. In accordance with the tradition established in recent years, the minimum administrative-territorial area in the territory, called a region, is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The article analyses foreign and domestic studies of the definition of a region, clarifies the author’s interpretation, and evaluates the parameters of the territorial taxon. The main problems of common features of the visualization of a region, its attractiveness, socio-economic factors of the vital activity of the population (standard of living, living conditions, quality of life), attitude to their region from the point of view of substantiation of their genesis and subjectivity of parameters are formulated. The article presents the results of a sociological survey conducted within the framework of quantitative-qualitative methodology among the respondents of the Volga Federal District. The analytical assessment of the most mass responses of the survey participants is given, visualized in the form of graphs.
Problems of geostrategic territories of the southern strip of Siberia
Authors: Sysoeva N M , Dets I A
Published: November 2021

The paper analyses the possibilities of the border territories of Siberia to perform geostrategic functions defined in the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation. The existing cross-border relationships have little impact on the socio-economic development of the territories. Exports in the regions of Transbaikalia, classified by the Strategy to the Far East as a priority macro-region for development, are growing due to the expansion of raw materials export. In the same regions, the volume of foreign investment due to the mining sector is also increasing, while in other border regions their volume is falling. Most of the outgoing investments are directed to offshore and resort countries, which does not contribute to the receipt and return of profits to the regions. Foreign enterprises operate mainly in the raw materials industries, construction and intermediary services, in the western regions of the border zone they are also present in modern processing industries. Among the counterparty countries, the presence of China is expanding, which is gradually displacing Kazakhstan from the leading positions even in the border regions of Western Siberia. It is necessary to both understand the goals and methods of forming a geostrategic security belt and offer state support for the development of such territories.
Land use in remote areas: socio-economic prospects
Authors: Kuklina M V , Trufanov A I , Kuklina V V , Krasnoshtanova N E , Istomina E A , Kobylkin D V , Batotsyrenov E A , Tikhomirov A A , Altangerel E
Published: November 2021

Okinsky district (the Republic of Buryatia, Russia) is characterized by entanglement of heterogeneous economies formed by the global demand for gold, Chinese values of jade, remnants of Soviet planning systems at the local and municipal level, traditional Soyot and Buryat land use practices, and nascent extreme and recreational tourist flows. In a situation when most of the economic and social relations remain informal and rarely captured in the official documents, landscapes become the most visible marker of changes and intersecting and sometimes conflicting networks of diverse multiscale relations. Using the interviews and in-situ observations we collected and analysed data on the pertinent social, cultural, and professional ties and examined local expectations on education, living conditions and economic prospects. Networking as a key conception has been used to untangle the complexity of the studied systems, interconnections and interdependencies of the system components. A new draft network model stimulates experts to assess if the changes planned for the regional development really benefit people in local communities, nation in whole and in global scale. In addition, the new discourse of ecosystem services motivates experts to discuss the prospects for the ecological specialization of the territories from different angles while preserving biodiversity.
Global Climate Change and Its Consequences in Baikal Siberia and Adjacent Territories
Authors: Zh Garmaev E , Sodnomov B V , Tsydypov B Z , Ayurzhanaev A A
Published: November 2021

The air temperature, precipitation and NDVI trends were calculated for the wet (1982-1999) and dry (2000-2018) periods for the territory of Baikal Siberia and adjacent territories. Temperature rise is observed for the entire study area; at the same time, zones with low growth rates of surface temperature are interspersed with zones with high growth rates, both in latitudinal and longitudinal directions. The wet period is characterized by positive trends in the amount of precipitation for almost the entire study area. During the dry period, negative dynamics of the amount of precipitation is observed for the predominant part of this territory. As a result of the analysis of the spatial distribution of NDVI trends, it was revealed that during the wet period, positive trend values prevail – up to 77%. During the dry period, a multiple increase in negative NDVI trends in arid zones was established, which shows their greatest sensitivity to the moisture regime. For the first time, the shares of the contribution of the anthropogenic and climatic factors to the degradation of the soil and vegetation cover of Russia, Mongolia and China within the region under consideration have been revealed.
Microclimatic features of landscapes in the territory with a sparse network of meteorological observations
Authors: Vasilenko O V , Voropay N N
Published: November 2021

Automatic monitoring of air temperature and humidity in the mountain-depression landscapes of the Tunka depression has been organized. The results of the analysis of observation data for 10 years showed significant differences in the temperature regime in different landscapes. The sites can be divided into three groups – the slopes of the depression, pine- herbaceous landscapes, and the lacustrine-bog complex of the central part. The average annual air temperature at all sites is negative and vary in range -0.7 … -2.1°C. Vegetation has the greatest influence on microclimatic characteristics. The maximum contrasts in the temperature regime of the air throughout the year are observed in open areas with cloudless skies. In winter, this is explained by radiation cooling, and in summer – by the heating of the open surface in the daytime. In this case, not only the daily amplitude of air temperature in the open areas increases, but also the largest contrasts between the open and closed areas are observed.
Exomorpholithogenesis of the Selenga River delta at the present stage of the hydroclimatic cycle
Authors: Ilicheva E A
Published: November 2021

The materials of complex interdisciplinary studies of the relief forming in different periods of water availability in the Selenga River delta are presented since the technogenic level rise of Lake Baikal. Four water and sediment runoff anomalies, synchronous with water level fluctuations in the Lake are identified. The current boundaries of the Selenga River mouth area (RMA), floodplain complex, flooding territories in the maximum water ability conditions are identified. The RMA covers the territory from the main channel bifurcation nod to Lake Baikal, includes subaerial and subaqueous parts of the protruding delta, the interaction zone fluvial processes and different-aged terraces deposits and adjacent lagoons Proval and Cherkalov Sor. Semi-empirical models and data on the water runoff and sediment yield are presented.