bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MTFR2-dependent mitochondrial fission promotes HCC progression
Authors: Zhang La , Zhang Xiuzhen , Liu Haichuan , Yang Changhong , Yu Jiyao , Zhao Wei , Guo Jiao , Zhou Baoyong , Jiang Ning
Published: January 2024

Background

The role of mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing fission, fusion, and mitophagy, in cancer progression has been extensively studied. However, the specific impact of mitochondrial dynamics on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still under investigation.

Methods

In this study, mitochondrial dynamic genes were obtained from the MitoCarta 3.0 database, and gene expression data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on the expression of these dynamic genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), patients were stratified into two clusters. Subsequently, a prognostic model was constructed using univariate COX regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the prognostic signature was evaluated. We analyzed the interaction between these model genes and dynamic genes to identify hub genes and reveal mitochondrial status. Furthermore, we assessed immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor stemness indices (TSI), and the response to immune checkpoint block (ICB) therapy using the TIDE algorithm and risk scores. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), and immunofluorescence (IF) were conducted to afford detailed visualization of the morphology of the mitochondria and the expression patterns of fission-associated proteins.

Results

Patients in Cluster 2 exhibited heightened mitochondrial fission and had a worse prognosis. The up-regulated dynamic genes in Cluster 2 were identified as fission genes. GO/KEGG analyses reconfirmed the connection of Cluster 2 to augmented mitochondrial fission activities. Subsequently, a ten-gene prognostic signature based on the differentially expressed genes between the two clusters was generated, with all ten genes being up-regulated in the high-risk group. Moreover, the potential links between these ten signature genes and mitochondrial dynamics were explored, suggesting their involvement in mediating mitochondrial fission through interaction with MTFR2. Further investigation revealed that the high-risk group had an unfavorable prognosis, with a higher mutation frequency of TP53, increased immune checkpoint expression, a higher TIS score, and a lower TIDE score. The mitochondrial imbalance characterized by increased fission and upregulated MTFR2 and DNM1L expression was substantiated in both HCC specimens and cell lines.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we developed a novel MTFR2-related prognostic signature comprising ten mitochondrial dynamics genes. These genes play crucial roles in mitochondrial fission and have the potential to serve as important predictors and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Psoriatic arthritis and COVID-19: a new challenge for rheumatologists and dermatologists
Authors: Jadali Zohreh
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 has changed the global health system and has great impact on different types of medical specialties including, dermatology and rheumatology. This point is important because although these two specialties are distinct subfields of medicine, there is some overlap between them. The overlap can be described by a number of rheumatic diseases that have cutaneous manifestations and vice versa. A good example of this is psoriatic arthritis because, in up to 42% of people, cutaneous lesions and arthritis coexist. Interestingly, emerging reports have described the possible occurrence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in COVID-19 patients. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, some common pathophysiological mechanisms may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Therefore, elucidation of shared pathological pathways that connect these diseases will be valuable for better diagnosis and the complete treatment of COVID-19 patients with cutaneous and rheumatologic diseases.
A bibliometric analysis of m6A methylation in viral infection from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Tao Xing , Wang Gang , Wei Wudi , Su Jinming , Chen Xiu , Shi Minjuan , Liao Yinlu , Qin Tongxue , Wu Yuting , Lu Beibei , Liang Hao , Ye Li , Jiang Junjun
Published: January 2024

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation has become an active research area in viral infection, while little bibliometric analysis has been performed. In this study, we aim to visualize hotspots and trends using bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive and objective overview of the current research dynamics in this field.

Methods

The data related to m6A methylation in viral infection were obtained through the Web of Science Core Collection form 2000 to 2022. To reduce bias, the literature search was conducted on December 1, 2022. Bibliometric and visual analyzes were performed using CiteSpace and Bibliometrix package. After screening, 319 qualified records were retrieved.

Results

These publications mainly came from 28 countries led by China and the United States (the US), with the US ranking highest in terms of total link strength.The most common keywords were m6A, COVID-19, epitranscriptomics, METTL3, hepatitis B virus, innate immunity and human immunodeficiency virus 1. The thematic map showed that METTL3, plant viruses, cancer progression and type I interferon (IFN-I) reflected a good development trend and might become a research hotspot in the future, while post-transcriptional modification, as an emerging or declining theme, might not develop well.

Conclusions

In conclusion, m6A methylation in viral infection is an increasingly important topic in articles. METTL3, plant viruses, cancer progression and IFN-I may still be research hotspots and trends in the future.
Effects of physical activity levels on characteristic pain in temporomandibular dysfunctions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chun Youngwoo , Jo Jung Hwan , Park Ji Woon
Published: January 2024

Background

Physical activity is known to influence the symptoms of a variety of pain disorders including fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In spite of the high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), no previous study has objectively evaluated the relationship between TMD and general physical activity. This study aims to investigate the influence of physical activity on pain and disability from TMD, considering various confounders including sleep, systemic inflammation, psychosocial disturbances, and widespread pain.

Methods

This observational cross-sectional study is based on consecutive samples of 100 TMD patients (22 with high pain disability and 78 with low pain disability level). Physical activity levels were assessed with actigraph. Level of pain and disability were evaluated using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Hematologic examinations including inflammatory biomarkers were assessed and comorbidities were investigated with validated questionnaires. Differences were analyzed according to disability level.

Results

Patients with high disability level spent significantly more time doing both moderate (p = 0.033) and vigorous (p = 0.039) level physical activity. Light physical activity, on the other hand, was associated with low disability but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Time spent in light physical activity was significantly associated with high levels of pain and disability (p = 0.026, β = −0.001) and time spent in vigorous physical activity had significant predictive power (cutoff value 2.5 min per week, AUC 0.643, p = 0.041). Scores of the Jaw Function Limitation Score-20 (p = 0.001), present McGill Pain Score (p = 0.010), and number of people potentially diagnosed with fibromyalgia (p = 0.033) were significantly higher in the high disability group.

Conclusions

Moderate or vigorous physical activity is associated with worse TMD symptoms while light physical activity may be beneficial. Further research related to the amount and frequency of physical activity is necessary to establish clinical guidelines for TMD.

Trial registration

clinical trial registration of the Clinical Research Information Service of Republic of Korea (number KCT0007107).
Pathways to opioid use and implications for prevention: voices of young adults in recovery
Authors: Ballard Parissa J. , Arnold Taylor J. , Vidrascu Elena M. , Hernandez Guadalupe C. , Ozer Emily , Wolfson Mark , Lassiter Rebekah , Nayyar Himani , Daniel Stephanie S.
Published: January 2024

Background

Opioid use remains a major public health issue, especially among young adults. Despite investment in harm reduction and supply-side strategies such as reducing overprescribing and safe medication disposal, little is known about demand-side issues, such as reasons for use and pathways to opioid use. Adolescents and young adults who struggle with opioid use disorder (OUD) are multifaceted individuals with varied individual histories, experiences, challenges, skills, relationships, and lives.

Methods

To inform the development of prevention strategies that hold promise for addressing opioid use, this study employs brief structured surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 young adults (ages 18–29; 19 female, 23 White, 16 from Suburban areas) in recovery from OUD. For survey data, we used descriptive statistics to summarize the means and variance of retrospectively reported risk and protective factors associated with opioid use. For in-depth interview data, we used a combination of thematic analysis and codebook approaches to generate common themes and experiences shared by participants.

Results

Surveys revealed that the most endorsed risk factors pertained to emotions (emotional neglect and emotional abuse) followed by sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect. Themes generated from qualitative analyses reveal challenging experiences during adolescence, such as unaddressed mental health, social, and emotional needs, which were often reported as reasons for opioid initiation and use. Through surveys and interviews, we also identified positive assets, such as skills and social relationships that were present for many participants during adolescence.

Conclusion

Implications include the need for universal prevention strategies that include emotion-focused interventions and supports alongside current harm reduction and environmental strategies to regulate prescriptions; the potential utility of more emotion-focused items being included on screening tools; and more voices of young people in recovery.
Early management of adult traumatic spinal cord injury in patients with polytrauma: a consensus and clinical recommendations jointly developed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) & the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS)
Authors: Picetti Edoardo , Demetriades Andreas K. , Catena Fausto , Aarabi Bizhan , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Alves Oscar L. , Ansaloni Luca , Armonda Rocco A. , Badenes Rafael , Bala Miklosh , Balogh Zsolt J. , Barbanera Andrea , Bertuccio Alessandro , Biffl Walter L. , Bouzat Pierre , Buki Andras , Castano-Leon Ana Maria , Cerasti Davide , Citerio Giuseppe , Coccolini Federico , Coimbra Raul , Coniglio Carlo , Costa Francesco , De Iure Federico , Depreitere Bart , Fainardi Enrico , Fehlings Michael J. , Gabrovsky Nikolay , Godoy Daniel Agustin , Gruen Peter , Gupta Deepak , Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Helbok Raimund , Hossain Iftakher , Hutchinson Peter J. , Iaccarino Corrado , Inaba Kenji , Ivanov Marcel , Kaprovoy Stanislav , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Klein Sam , Kolias Angelos , Konovalov Nikolay A. , Lagares Alfonso , Lippa Laura , Loza-Gomez Angelica , Luoto Teemu M. , Maas Andrew I. R. , Maciejczak Andrzej , Maier Ronald V. , Marklund Niklas , Martin Matthew J. , Melloni Ilaria , Mendoza-Lattes Sergio , Meyfroidt Geert , Munari Marina , Napolitano Lena M. , Okonkwo David O. , Otomo Yasuhiro , Papadopoulos Marios C. , Petr Ondra , Peul Wilco C. , Pudkrong Aichholz K. , Qasim Zaffer , Rasulo Frank , Reizinho Carla , Ringel Florian , Rizoli Sandro , Rostami Elham , Rubiano Andres M. , Russo Emanuele , Sarwal Aarti , Schwab Jan M. , Servadei Franco , Sharma Deepak , Sharif Salman , Shiban Ehab , Shutter Lori , Stahel Philip F. , Taccone Fabio S. , Terpolilli Nicole A. , Thomé Claudius , Toth Peter , Tsitsopoulos Parmenion P. , Udy Andrew , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Varon Albert J. , Vavilala Monica S. , Younsi Alexander , Zackova Monika , Zoerle Tommaso , Robba Chiara
Published: January 2024

Background

The early management of polytrauma patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a major challenge. Sparse data is available to provide optimal care in this scenario and worldwide variability in clinical practice has been documented in recent studies.

Methods

A multidisciplinary consensus panel of physicians selected for their established clinical and scientific expertise in the acute management of tSCI polytrauma patients with different specializations was established. The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) endorsed the consensus, and a modified Delphi approach was adopted.

Results

A total of 17 statements were proposed and discussed. A consensus was reached generating 17 recommendations (16 strong and 1 weak).

Conclusions

This consensus provides practical recommendations to support a clinician’s decision making in the management of tSCI polytrauma patients.
Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective
Authors: Yang Bing , Zhang Zhubin , Song Jinjing , Qi Tianhao , Zeng Jingqi , Feng Liang , Jia Xiaobin
Published: January 2024

Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of ‘heat’ during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by ‘heat’, as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.

Graphical Abstract
A position statement on the post gene-therapy rehabilitation of aromatic I-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency patients
Authors: Lee Hui-Min , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet , Horvath Gabriella , Marchese Diana , Poulin Richard E. , Krolick Alexis , Tierney Kati-Lyn , Turna Jasmine , Wei Judy , Hwu Wuh-Liang
Published: January 2024

Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis that presents with a range of symptoms, including motor dysfunction and limited attainment of developmental motor milestones. The approval of eladocagene exuparvovec, a gene therapy for AADC deficiency with demonstrated efficacy for motor improvements, now expands the range of motor outcomes possible for patients with this disorder. However, recommendations and guidelines for therapy following treatment with gene therapy are lacking. To ensure patients can reach their full potential following treatment with gene therapy, it is essential they receive rehabilitation therapies designed specifically with their impairments and goals in mind. Therefore, we highlight specific rehabilitative needs of patients following gene therapy and propose a set of recommendations for the post-treatment period based on collective experiences of therapists, physicians, and caregivers treating and caring for patients with AADC deficiency who have been treated with gene therapy. These recommendations include a focus on periods of intensive therapy, facilitating active movements, training for functional abilities, cognitive and communication training, parent/caregiver empowerment, collaboration between therapists and caregivers to develop in-home programs, and the incorporation of supplemental forms of therapy that patients and their families may find more enjoyable and engaging. Many of these rehabilitative strategies may be employed prior to gene therapy. However, these recommendations will be valuable for therapists, caregivers, and wider treatment teams as they prepare for the post-treatment journey with these patients. Furthermore, the considerations and recommendations presented here may prove beneficial outside the AADC deficiency community as gene therapies and other treatments are developed and approved for other rare diseases.
c-MET-positive circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA as independent prognostic factors in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Park Jieun , Chang Eun Sol , Kim Ji-Yeon , Chelakkot Chaithanya , Sung Minjung , Song Ji-Young , Jung Kyungsoo , Lee Ji Hye , Choi Jun Young , Kim Na Young , Lee Hyegyeong , Kang Mi-Ran , Kwon Mi Jeong , Shin Young Kee , Park Yeon Hee , Choi Yoon-La
Published: January 2024

Background

Endocrine therapy resistance in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer (BC) is a significant clinical challenge that poses several unmet needs in the management of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of c-MET-positive circulating tumor cells (cMET+ CTCs), ESR1/PIK3CA mutations, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Methods

Ninety-seven patients with HR+ mBC were prospectively enrolled during standard treatment at Samsung Medical Center. CTCs were isolated from blood using GenoCTC® and EpCAM or c-MET CTC isolation kits. PIK3CA and ESR1 hotspot mutations were analyzed using droplet digital PCR. CfDNA concentrations were calculated using internal control copies from the ESR1 mutation test. Immunocytochemistry was performed to compare c-MET overexpression between primary and metastatic sites.

Results

The proportion of c-MET overexpression was significantly higher in metastatic sites than in primary sites (p = 0.00002). Survival analysis showed that c-MET+ CTC, cfDNA concentration, and ESR1 mutations were significantly associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.0026, 0.0021, and 0.0064, respectively) in HR+/HER2− mBC. By contrast, EpCAM-positive CTC (EpCAM+ CTC) and PIK3CA mutations were not associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in HR+/HER2− mBC. Multivariate analyses revealed that c-MET+ CTCs and cfDNA concentration were independent predictors of PFS in HR+/HER2− mBC.

Conclusions

Monitoring c-MET+ CTC, rather than assessing c-MET expression in the primary BC site, could provide valuable information for predicting disease progression, as c-MET expression can change during treatment. The c-MET+ CTC count and cfDNA concentration could provide complementary information on disease progression in HR+ /HER2− mBC, highlighting the importance of integrated liquid biopsy.
Effect of water salinity on immature performance and lifespan of adult Asian tiger mosquito
Authors: Blanco-Sierra Laura , Savvidou Eleni C. , Mpakovasili Evangelia D. , Ioannou Charalampos S. , Bartumeus Frederic , Papadopoulos Nikos T.
Published: January 2024

Background

Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a vector for pathogens like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Its adaptive capacity enables reproduction in temperate climates and development mainly in artificial containers with fresh water in urbanized areas. Nevertheless, breeding in coastal areas may also occur along with its aggressive invasiveness. Global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels will increase saline (> 30 ppt) or brackish (0.5–30 ppt salt) water in coastal regions. To address whether Ae. albopictus can breed in brackish water, we initiated the current study that analyses the survival of immature stages at different salinity concentrations and explores whether carryover effects occur in the resulting adults. This possible adaptation is important when considering the potential for development in new habitats and expansion of one of the world’s most invasive species.

Methods

We investigated the influence of salinity on the survival of Ae. albopictus larvae and adults under laboratory-controlled conditions. First instar larvae were exposed to different salinity concentrations (0 to 30 ppt) and their development time, pupation, adult emergence, and overall survival were monitored daily. We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models to analyze the survival rates at different salinity levels. Furthermore, life tables were constructed under each salinity concentration.

Results

Increasing salt concentrations significantly increased the mortality risk during immature development, while no significant effect was observed on adult mortality risk. A comparison between distilled and bottled water revealed a notable increase in overall mortality risk for individuals developing in distilled water. However, no significant effects were found when analyzing survival from the first larval stage to adult emergence and adult lifespan. The life expectancy of immature stages decreased with increasing salt concentrations, although salinity concentration did not significantly impact adult life expectancy.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that Ae. albopictus, previously considered freshwater species, can successfully develop and survive in brackish waters, even in the absence of characteristic structures found in euryhaline species. These adaptations may enable Ae. albopictus to establish new breeding sites and colonize unexplored territories. Knowledge of these physiological adaptations of Ae. albopictus to salinity should be pursued to increase the range of control of the species, and to make more accurate predictions of its dispersal and vectoring ability.

Graphical Abstract
Optimizing spectrum efficiency in 6G multi-UAV networks through source correlation exploitation
Authors: Alnakhli Mohammad
Published: January 2024

In the context of 6G and 5G communication networks, particularly in disaster-stricken areas with a surging demand for connectivity and the rapid evolution of the internet of everything (IoE), the imperative for augmenting spectrum efficiency in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communication-enabled wireless networks becomes ever more pronounced. This work embarks on the mission of significantly enhancing spectrum efficiency by capitalizing on redundancies, such as correlations inherent in data sources like co-located video sensors. While the intuitive potential of exploiting redundancies for spectrum efficiency enhancement is apparent, our approach is systematically structured. We introduce a linear programming framework designed to meticulously allocate bandwidth to individual links based on their respective demands, while judiciously adhering to spatial spectrum reuse constraints. Subsequently, we employ this linear program to empirically quantify the improvements in spectrum efficiency engendered by source correlations. Furthermore, we elucidate various strategies for harnessing these correlations to maximize spectrum efficiency gains, while navigating the trade-off terrain between computational complexity and precision. Our findings resoundingly underscore the trans-formative power of identifying the precise set of source correlations, resulting in spectrum efficiency enhancements of up to two orders of magnitude. In terms of network performance, the judicious exploitation of source correlations grants admission to nearly 100% of delay-intolerant traffic, alongside substantial reductions in mean delay for delay-tolerant traffic.”
Assessment of different continence definitions in the context of the randomized multicenter prospective LAP-01 trial—Does the best definition change over time?
Authors: Holze Sigrun , Kuntze Anna Sophie , Mende Meinhard , Neuhaus Petra , Truss Michael C. , Do Hoang Minh , Dietel Anja , Franz Toni , Stolzenburg Jens-Uwe
Published: January 2024

Background

A uniform definition of continence is urgently needed to allow the comparison of study results and to estimate patient outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). To identify a practical definition that includes both objective and subjective aspects in a tangible way, we assessed different continence definitions and evaluated which best reflects the patients’ subjective perception of continence.

Methods

Our analyses included 718 patients that underwent either robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in a multicenter randomized patient-blinded trial. Continence was assessed through patient questionnaires prior to and at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery which included the number of pads used per day, the ICIQ-SF and the question “Do you suffer from incontinence? (yes/no)” to assess subjective continence. We used Krippendorff’s Alpha to calculate the agreement of different continence definitions with the subjective perception.

Results

At 3 months, the “0/safety pad” definition shows the highest agreement by alpha = 0.70 (vs. 0.63 for “0 pads” and 0.37 for “0–1 pad”). At 6 and 12 months “0 pads” is the better match, with alpha values of 0.69 (vs. 0.62 and 0.31) after 6 months and 0.70 (vs. 0.65 and 0.32) after 12 months. The ICIQ-SF score shows good correlation with the subjective continence at 3 months (alpha = − 0.79), the coefficient then decreasing to − 0.69 and − 0.59 at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion

The best continence definition according to the patients’ perspective changes over time, “0 pads” being the superior criterion in the long-term. We recommend using the 0-pad definition for standardized continence reporting, as it is simple yet as accurate as possible given the inevitably high subjectivity of continence perception.

Trial registration The LAP-01 trial was registered with the U.S. National Library of Medicine clinical trial registry (clinicaltrials.gov), NCT number: NCT03682146, and with the German Clinical Trial registry (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien), DRKS ID number: DRKS00007138
The relationship between family communication and family resilience in Chinese parents of depressed adolescents: a serial multiple mediation of social support and psychological resilience
Authors: Zhang Yinying , Hu Yiwen , Yang Min
Published: January 2024

Background

Family resilience plays a crucial role in helping depressed adolescents overcome challenges. However, studies examining family resilience in depressed adolescents are currently scarce. This study, guided by the family resilience framework, aimed to investigate the serial-multiple mediation of social support and psychological resilience between family communication and family resilience in Chinese families of depressed adolescents.

Methods

In 229 parents of adolescents with major depressive disorder, 20.1% comprises of fathers, while 79.9% comprises of mothers. The mean age of depressed adolescents was 14.84 (±1.76) years, and the mean age of parents of these depressed adolescents was 43.24 (±4.67) years. The Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Psychological Resilience of Parents of Special Children Questionnaire, and the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used to collected data. Descriptive, univariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were used in preliminary analyses. To explore mediation, we employed a serial-multiple mediation model (PROCESS model 6).

Results

Family communication was positively correlated with family resilience, social support, and psychological resilience. Mediation analysis revealed indirect effects of family communication on family resilience, which were mediated solely by either social support or psychological resilience, or through multiple mediation pathways involving both social support and psychological resilience.

Conclusions

Family communication positively and directly affects the family resilience of depressed adolescents, and a higher level of social support and psychological resilience can help improve family resilience. These findings not only provide empirical evidence supporting the family resilience framework but also have practical implications for future family interventions targeting depressed adolescents.
Disseminating the research findings from the adolescents and adults living with Perinatal HIV (AALPHI) study: an approach from young people living with HIV
Authors: Sturgeon Kate , Judd Ali , Burke Tom , Foster Caroline , Gibb Diana M. , Le Prevost Marthe , Mhizha Warren , Tweed Conor D.
Published: January 2024

Background

The Adolescents and Adults Living with Perinatal HIV (AALPHI) study is one of only three cohort studies worldwide evaluating the impact of HIV on young people living with perinatal HIV (PLHIV) relative to a comparable group of HIV negative young people in close relationship with an HIV positive individual, for example, their mother, sibling or partner. This project aimed to engage young people with the AALPHI study findings, help them take ownership, and decide how they would disseminate the key messages to both study participants and to the wider community.

Methods

In brief, 318 PLHIV and 100 HIV negative adolescents participated in AALPHI, where they each were interviewed twice, around two years apart. They were asked a wide range of psychosocial and risk behaviour questions and their cognitive function was assessed. We invited three AALPHI participants and seven members of the Youth Trials Board at the Children’s HIV Association (CHIVA) to attend up to four workshops. They were provided with the key AALPHI research findings and asked to develop them into a format that was accessible and understandable for young people. Some who had not participated before formed a group in the fourth dissemination workshop that confirmed the most important concepts and results.

Results

The young people decided to develop a film and a leaflet about the AALPHI findings and co-produced them with a film maker and graphic designer. Challenges included working with the film maker and the venue for the first three dissemination workshops was an office space which was not ideal.

Conclusion

Engaging young people in the dissemination of the AALPHI findings ensured the results were communicated in a way that was more likely to be relevant, accessible and useful to those affected by the study. This project demonstrates how young people in potentially stigmatised areas of care, such as HIV, can be involved in research dissemination.
Target-oriented acquisition geometry design based on full-wavefield migration
Authors: Revelo-Obando Billy , Blacquière Gerrit
Published: January 2024

The ultimate goal of survey design is to find the acquisition parameters that enable acquiring high-quality data suitable for optimal imaging, while fulfilling budget, health, safety, and environmental constraints. We develop a target-oriented acquisition design algorithm based on full-wavefield migration. The algorithm optimizes a receiver density function that indicates the number of receivers per unit area required for obtaining the best possible image quality. The method makes use of available seismic data to create a reference model that is included in our objective function. To make the design target oriented, the objective function is multiplied with a mask that gives more weight to the target areas of interest. The results of the 2D and 3D implementations indicate an optimized receiver density function with higher values at the zones where more data are needed for improving image quality. The corresponding receiver geometries have more receivers placed in these areas. We validate the results by computing the images of the target zone using uniform and optimized geometries. The use of the latter indicates an improvement in the image quality at the target zone. In addition, we compute the number of receivers required for achieving a certain signal-to-noise ratio after imaging based on the optimized receiver density function.
State of the Science of Scale-Up of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Friebel-Klingner Tara M. , Alvarez Gloria Guevara , Lappen Hope , Pace Lydia E. , Huang Keng-Yen , Fernández Maria E. , Shelley Donna , Rositch Anne F.
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

Cancer deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will nearly double by 2040. Available evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for cancer prevention and early detection can reduce cancer-related mortality, yet there is a lack of evidence on effectively scaling these EBIs in LMIC settings.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review to identify published literature from six databases between 2012 and 2022 that described efforts for scaling cancer prevention and early detection EBIs in LMICs. Included studies met one of two definitions of scale-up: (1) deliberate efforts to increase the impact of effective intervention to benefit more people or (2) an intervention shown to be efficacious on a small scale expanded under real-world conditions to reach a greater proportion of eligible population. Study characteristics, including EBIs, implementation strategies, and outcomes used, were summarized using frameworks from the field of implementation science.

RESULTS

This search yielded 3,076 abstracts, with 24 studies eligible for inclusion. Included studies focused on a number of cancer sites including cervical (67%), breast (13%), breast and cervical (13%), liver (4%), and colon (4%). Commonly reported scale-up strategies included developing stakeholder inter-relationships, training and education, and changing infrastructure. Barriers to scale-up were reported at individual, health facility, and community levels. Few studies reported applying conceptual frameworks to guide strategy selection and evaluation.

CONCLUSION

Although there were relatively few published reports, this scoping review offers insight into the approaches used by LMICs to scale up cancer EBIs, including common strategies and barriers. More importantly, it illustrates the urgent need to fill gaps in research to guide best practices for bringing the implementation of cancer EBIs to scale in LMICs.
Motor protein Kif6 regulates cilia motility and polarity in brain ependymal cells
Authors: Takagishi Maki , Yue Yang , Gray Ryan S. , Verhey Kristen J. , Wallingford John B.
Published: January 2024

Motile cilia on ependymal cells that line brain ventricular walls beat in concert to generate a flow of laminar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Dyneins and kinesins are ATPase microtubule motor proteins that promote the rhythmic beating of cilia axonemes. Despite common consensus about the importance of axonemal dynein motor proteins, little is known about how kinesin motors contribute to cilia motility. Here, we show that Kif6 is a slow processive motor (12.2±2.0 nm/s) on microtubules in vitro and localizes to both the apical cytoplasm and the axoneme in ependymal cells, although it does not display processive movement in vivo. Using a mouse mutant that models a human Kif6 mutation in a proband displaying macrocephaly, hypotonia and seizures, we found that loss of Kif6 function causes decreased ependymal cilia motility and, subsequently, decreases fluid flow on the surface of brain ventricular walls. Disruption of Kif6 also disrupts orientation of cilia, formation of robust apical actin networks and stabilization of basal bodies at the apical surface. This suggests a role for the Kif6 motor protein in the maintenance of ciliary homeostasis within ependymal cells.
Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave
Authors: Maskrey Daniel K. , Killen Shaun S. , Sneddon Lynne U. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Wolfenden David C. C. , Thomson Jack S.
Published: January 2024

As climate change-induced heatwaves become more common, phenotypic plasticity at multiple levels is a key mitigation strategy by which organisms can optimise selective outcomes. In ectotherms, changes to both metabolism and behaviour can help alleviate thermal stress. Nonetheless, no study in any ectotherm has yet empirically investigated how changing temperatures affect among-individual differences in the associations between these traits. Using the beadlet anemone (Actinia equina), an intertidal species from a thermally heterogeneous environment, we investigated how individual metabolic rates, linked to morphotypic differences in A. equina, and boldness were related across changing temperatures. A crossed-over design and a temporal control were used to test the same individuals at a non-stressful temperature, 13°C, and under a simulated heatwave at 21°C. At each temperature, short-term repeated measurements of routine metabolic rate (RMR) and a single measurement of a repeatable boldness-related behaviour, immersion response time (IRT), were made. Individual differences, but not morphotypic differences, were highly predictive of metabolic plasticity, and the plasticity of RMR was associated with IRT. At 13°C, shy animals had the highest metabolic rates, while at 21°C, this relationship was reversed. Individuals that were bold at 13°C also exhibited the highest metabolic rates at 21°C. Additional metabolic challenges during heatwaves could be detrimental to fitness in bold individuals. Equally, lower metabolic rates at non-stressful temperatures could be necessary for optimal survival as heatwaves become more common. These results provide novel insight into the relationship between metabolic and behavioural plasticity, and its adaptive implications in a changing climate.
Advances in Adherence Reporting of Resistance Training in a Clinical Trial during Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Campbell Kristin L. , Brown Justin C. , Lee Catherine , Weltzien Erin , Li Jia , Sternfeld Barbara , Campbell Nancy , Vaughan Michele , Fedric Regan , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Caan Bette J. , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Detailed reporting of individually tailored exercise prescriptions (ExRx) used in clinical trials is essential to describe feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of the intervention and to inform translation to clinical care. This paper outlines the methodology used to develop a resistance training (RT) ExRxfor people with colon cancer receiving chemotherapy and reports adherence to the randomized controlled trial testing the impact of RT on relative dose intensity of chemotherapy and patient-reported toxicities.

Methods

Participants randomized to the exercise arm (n = 90) were included. To promote muscle hypertrophy, the ExRxwas twice-weekly, moderate to heavy loads (65-85% 1-RM), high sets (3-5), and intermediate repetitions (6-10) of five large multi-joint movements with adjustable dumbbells. Attendance (achieved frequency) and adherence (achieved volume) were calculated. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify clusters of individuals with similar adherence patterns and compared baseline characteristics across adherence groups.

Results

The median attendance was 69.1%. Adherence was 60.6%, but higher for those receiving 3 versus 6 months of chemotherapy (80.4vs.47.4%;p < 0.05). Participants engaged in a median of 1.4 days of RT each week, lifting 62% of the 1-RM load, for 3.0 sets and 7.5 repetitions per set. Three distinct adherence groups were identified: 13% “non-starter”, 37% “tapered off”, and 50% “consistent exercisers”. Females were more likely to be in the “non-starter” and “tapered off” groups.

Conclusions

This paper outlines suggested methods for reporting ExRxof RT in oncology clinical trials and provides insight into the tolerance of ExRxof RT during chemotherapy treatment for colon cancer. These findings aim to foster constructive dialogue, and offer a premise for designing future research to elucidate the benefits of exercise during chemotherapy.
Βραχυπρόθεσμη έκβαση νοσηλευόμενων ασθενών με καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια
Authors: Μπαζμπάνη Μαρία-Άννα
Published: January 2024

Η καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια αποτελεί μία από τις κύριες αιτίες εισαγωγής στο νοσοκομείο παγκοσμίως και χαρακτηρίζεται από ποσοστά επανεισαγωγών που προσεγγίζουν το 50%. Οι ασθενείς με καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια εμφανίζουν υψηλό φορτίο συννοσηροτήτων, ως εκ τούτου συχνά εισάγονται για μη καρδιακά αίτια και αντιμετωπίζονται σε παθολογικές κλινικές. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση των διαφορών στα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά, την ενδονοσοκομειακή διαχείριση και την ενδονοσοκομειακή και βραχυπρόθεσμη έκβαση ανάμεσα στους ασθενείς με καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια που εισάγονται σε καρδιολογικές κλινικές και τους ασθενείς που εισάγονται σε παθολογικές κλινικές. Πρόκειται για μια προοπτική μελέτη παρατήρησης ασθενών η οποία έλαβε χώρα στην Α΄Καρδιολογική Κλινική, την Α’ Παθολογική Κλινική και την Α’ Προπαιδευτική Παθολογική Κλινική του ΑΠΘ. Καταγράφηκαν διαδοχικοί ασθενείς με πρωταρχική ή δευτερεύουσα διάγνωση καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας και συλλέχθηκαν στοιχεία για τα χαρακτηριστικά, τις συννοσηρότητες, τη φαρμακευτική αγωγή και την έκβαση των ασθενών σε διάστημα παρακολούθησης 6 μηνών μετά το εξιτήριο. Το πρωτογενές καταληκτικό σημείο της μελέτης ήταν το σύνθετο καταληκτικό σημείο της ενδονοσοκομειακής θνητότητας και επανανοσηλείας για καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια στις 30 ημέρες. Συνολικά, 302 ασθενείς συμμετείχαν στη μελέτη. Το 45% των ασθενών νοσηλεύθηκε σε Παθολογική κλινική. Οι ασθενείς που εισήχθησαν σε παθολογική κλινική ήταν μεγαλύτερης ηλικίας [ 81 (38-94) έναντι 76 (44-90), p<0.001] με ηπιότερα συμπτώματα και σημεία καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας κατά την εισαγωγή. Η ενδονοσοκομειακή θνητότητα ήταν υψηλότερη για τους παθολογικούς ασθενείς [21% έναντι 6%, p<0.001]. Οι ασθενείς που νοσηλεύθηκαν σε παθολογικές κλινικές είχαν σημαντικά αυξημένο κίνδυνο για το σύνθετο καταληκτικό σημείο της ενδονοσοκομειακής θνητότητας και των επανανοσηλειών για απορρύθμιση καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας στις 30 ημέρες, τόσο κατά την μονοπαραγοντική [OR: 3.2, 95% CI (1.8–5.7); p < 0.001] όσο και κατά την πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση [OR 3.74, 95% CI (1.72–8.12); p = 0.001]. Επιπλέον, οι παθολογικοί ασθενείς είχαν μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο επανανοσηλειών για απορρύθμιση καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας στους 6 μήνες [HR 1.65, 95% CI (1.1, 2.4), p = 0.01]. Σε αυτή την πραγματικού κόσμου κοόρτη ασθενών με καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια βρέθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στα χαρακτηριστικά και την έκβαση ανάμεσα στους ασθενείς που νοσηλεύθηκαν σε παθολογικές και καρδιολογικές κλινικές. Συνεπώς, θα ήταν χρήσιμη η εφαρμογή στρατηγικών για την πρόληψη των επανεισαγωγών σε αυτό τον πληθυσμό ασθενών.
Kenneth D. Rose (2021). American Isolationism Between the World Wars. The Search for a Nation’s Identity. New York–London: Routledge, ss. 364
Authors: Yamada Tadahiro
Published: January 2024

recenzja
Buying-selling Coffee and Noken as a Way of Proclaiming the Gospel
Authors: Kira Biru , Martasudjita Emanuel Pranawa Dhatu
Published: January 2024

The focus of this research is to answer the question of how the Gospel is preached to people who are Indigenous Papuans in the Modio Parish. This research was made by being directly involved in the inculturation effort. This research uses a qualitative method by carrying out a process of participatory observation and involvement as ‘insiders,’ and the data is analyzed phenomenologically hermeneutics. The results obtained from this research are preaching the Gospel through efforts to develop the people’s economy based on the reality of the people’s attachment to the land and its forest products, especially by buying-selling coffee and noken. The people are involved in this economic development program with enthusiasm because this effort has answered their longing for salvation in accordance with the challenges of everyday life.
Significance of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity tests as biomarkers of premature ovarian insufficiency: A case control study
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Kakinuma Toshiyuki
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition that causes secondary amenorrhea owing to ovarian hypofunction at an early stage. Early follicular depletion results in intractable infertility, thereby considerably reducing the quality of life of females. Given the continuum in weakened ovarian function, progressing from incipient ovarian failure (IOF) to transitional ovarian failure and further to POI, it is necessary to develop biomarkers for predicting POI. The oxidative stress states in IOF and POI were comprehensively evaluated via oxidative stress [diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs)] test and antioxidant capacity [biological antioxidant potential (BAP)].

AIM

To explore the possibilities of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity as biomarkers for the early detection of POI.

METHODS

Females presenting with secondary amenorrhea over 4 mo and a follicle stimulating hormone level of > 40 mIU/mL were categorized into the POI group. Females presenting with a normal menstrual cycle and a follicle stimulating hormone level of > 10.2 mIU/mL were categorized into the IOF group. Healthy females without ovarian hypofunction were categorized into the control group. Among females aged < 40 years who visited our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022, we recruited 11 patients into both POI and IOF groups. For the potential antioxidant capacity, the relative oxidative stress index (BAP/d-ROMs × 100) was calculated, and the oxidative stress defense system was comprehensively evaluated.

RESULTS

d-ROMs were significantly higher in the POI and IOF groups than in the control group, (478.2 ± 58.7 U.CARR, 434.5 ± 60.6 U.CARR, and 341.1 ± 35.1 U.CARR, respectively) (U.CARR is equivalent to 0.08 mg/dL of hydrogen peroxide). However, no significant difference was found between the POI and IOF groups. Regarding BAP, no significant difference was found between the control, IOF, and POI groups (2078.5 ± 157.4 μmol/L, 2116.2 ± 240.2 μmol/L, and 2029.0 ± 186.4 μmol/L, respectively). The oxidative stress index was significantly higher in the POI and IOF groups than in the control group (23.7 ± 3.3, 20.7 ± 3.6, and 16.5 ± 2.1, respectively). However, no significant difference was found between the POI and IOF groups.

CONCLUSION

High levels of oxidative stress suggest that evaluating the oxidative stress state may be a useful indicator for the early detection of POI.