bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-stage en bloc resection using a posterior approach for sacral tumors
Authors: Fang Zhong , Wu Wei , Xiong Wei , Li Guanghui , Liao Hui , Xiao Jun , Guo Fengjing , Chen Anmin , Li Feng
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aims to investigate the surgical results of single-stage en bloc resections using a posterior approach for sacral tumors and evaluate its benefit for these tumors.

Methods

A total of 32 cases involving patients with sacral tumors who were treated with single-stage en bloc resection by posterior approach from April 2004 to January 2010 were reviewed. The patient cohort included 20 males and 12 females. The average patient age was 49.1 years old (range, 18 to 75 years old). Twenty-seven patients suffered from primary sacral tumors, including 17 patients with chordomas, 5 patients with giant cell tumors of the bone, 3 patients with chondrosarcoma, 1 patient with sarcoma of the nerve fibers, and 1 patient with neurofibromatosis. Five patients were diagnosed with sacral metastatic tumors, including 2 cases of breast cancer, 1 case of renal carcinoma, 1 case of thyroid cancer, and 1 case of lung cancer. According to the Frankel grading system, there were 3 Grade B tumors, 4 Grade C tumors, 10 Grade D tumors, and 15 Grade E tumors.

Results

The operation took 265 min on average (range, 130-360 min), and blood loss was 1676 mL on average (range, 800-1800 mL) during the operation. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 6.2 years. All patients had pain prior to operation. Twenty-eight patients experienced complete pain-relief, and 4 patients experienced partial pain-relief after their operations. In all patients, neurological function was improved more than one grade using the Frankel grading system. Up to now, 5 patients experienced local recurrence after operation, and 2 patients were deceased. The remaining patients are still alive without recurrence.

Conclusion

Single-stage en bloc resection through a posterior approach for sacral tumors is feasible, safe, and effective. It has many advantages, such as controlling local recurrence, thorough decompression of the spinal cord, relieving pain, improving quality of life, and prolonging survival.
Evaluation of photon beam dose calculation accuracy of treatment planning systems using in vivo dosimetry
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed , Attia Wahib M. , Elshahat Khaled M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

The treatment planning system currently represents one of the basics of radiation therapy, because it is the only method to estimate patient dose delivery fast forward and accurately represent estimated tumor location of the tumor with the possibility of estimating densities in the tissue surrounding the tumor to overcome dose calculation defects but radial estimated the patient. Despite the flaws associated with the systems and calculates the dose of your programs in all programs currently existing in the world. Than necessary, to the existence of a review of the accuracy of accounts and how to confirm the radiation dose to the patient programs.

Methods

A total of 35 cancer patients were considered for this study, with 245 field measurements made with low- and high-energy diode detectors for brain and prostate cases. The treatments for all patients were planned using Eclipse Treatment Planning System version 13.6.

Results

Of the 105 field measurements made for the prostate cancer patients, 16 included discrepancies outside the ±5% action level. Of the 145 measurements taken of the brain cases, there were four outside the ±5% action level. The results indicated a higher degree of accuracy. The study revealed that, for the prostate measurements, the higher discrepancy in the doses for the particular fields (exceeding the action level) may have been due to the isocenter being very close to the jaws and multi-leaf collimator of the linear accelerator machine. As a result, scatter from the jaws and the multi-leaf collimator could have contributed to the high dose delivered to the diode; hence, a probable higher discrepancy of the dose in more brain cases due highest quality of VMAT technique and fixation system.

Conclusion

A greater percentage of the observed discrepancies were well within the set tolerance level. However, it is recommended that the positioning of the diode on the patient’s skin and the angular sensitivity of the diodes be reconsidered. It is also recommended that a more accurate calculation of expected diode values be performed, especially for fields that pass through the table. These efforts would achieve action levels of ±5%.
Therapy for bone metastasis from different cancers ⁎
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Tan Peng , Mi Baoguo , Song Chao , Deng Yi , Guan Hanfeng
Published: June 2023

The bone is the most common target organ of cancer metastasis. Bone metastasis leads to considerable morbidity due to skeletal-related events (SREs). These include bone pain, hypercalcemia, pathologic fractures, and compression of the spinal cord. Cancers such as those of the lung, breast, prostate, and kidney are more likely to cause SREs than other cancer types. Additionally, some blood cancers, including multiple myeloma and lymphoma, frequently cause SREs. In this article, we review the conventional therapies for metastatic bone disease, including drug therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Among osteoclast-targeting agents, bisphosphonates and nuclear factor kappa-B ligand inhibitors are the most widely used agents to prevent cancer-related bone loss. Unsealed radioisotopes are also considered promising in cancer therapy. Currently, iodine-131, strontium-89, and radium-223 are available for the treatment of bone metastasis. However, the treatments for blood cancers with SREs are different from those of other cancers. In those cases, new classes of agents including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy. We also discuss the potential development of new therapies for these diseases.
Extramedullary skeletal muscle metastasis of glioblastoma: A case report and literature review ⁎
Authors: Wang Li , Li Rongqing , Feng Xudong , Song Shuling , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to explore the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and diagnostic features of extramedullary metastases of glioblastoma.

Methods

One case of extramedullary skeletal muscle metastasis of glioblastoma was studied, including the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features.

Results

A 24-year-old man underwent surgical resection for glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) in the left temporal parietal region followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide therapy. One year and nine months later, he developed an extramedullary skeletal muscle metastasis in L4, and the histology was remarkably different from that of the primary glioblastoma specimen. The immunohistochemical analysis also showed changes. In the metastasis, the small cells were negative for GFAP; weakly positive for S-100; and positive for nestin, NSE, and CD56, with 60% of cells positive for p53 and 40% positive for Ki-67. The giant cells showed strong positivity for GFAP and S-100, and weak expression of p53, Ki-67, nestin, NSE, and CD56. The primary glioblastoma specimen showed strong positivity for GFAP and S-100 and was negative for NSE, nestin, and CD56, with around 25% of the tumor cells positive for p53 and a Ki-67 labeling index of 20%.

Conclusion

Extraneural metastasis (ENM) is a rare complication of glial tumors and glioma stem cells may be related to the metastasis. Since extraneural metastasis may occur in patients without central nervous symptoms, any unusual signs during the follow-up of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma should not be underestimated.
Anticancer effect and enhanced chemotherapy potential of resveratrol in human pancreatic cancer cell lines ⁎
Authors: Chen Sumei , Zhang Ke , Chen Yuanyuan , Zheng Ruzhen , Zhao Penjun , Zhu Jianwei , Wu Shuming , Deng Qinghua , Ma Shenglin , Xiong Guangsu
Published: June 2023

Objective

Gemcitabine, the only approved drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, is not very effective. Novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents are urgently needed. Recently, emerging studies determined resveratrol possessed anticancer effects on various cancer cells. We explored the anticancer effect of resveratrol in pancreatic cancer cells and investigated the involved moleculars of action. We also examined whether resveratrol enhanced antitumor activity of gemcitabinein vitro.

Methods

Proliferation inhibition was assessed by cell count kit-8 assay. Cell cycle phase distribution and apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometric analysis. We determined the expression of bcl-2, cyclinD1, and activation of caspases-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1 proteins used Western blot analysis.

Results

Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of three pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose dependent fashion, and induced accumulation of cells at the G1 phase as well as apoptosis. Our data also demonstrated that resveratrol enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, resveratrol inhibited the expression of cyclinD1, bcl-2, and induced activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase1.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that resveratrol might be not only a potential regimen, but also an effective chemosensitizer for the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
Clinical efficacy of total three-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Xing Zhongqiang , Lv Haitao , Yan Changqing , Zhang Jiansheng , Wang Tianyang , Liu Jianhua
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of total three-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods

The clinical data of 28 patients who underwent total three-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2015 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical indications and method of performing total threedimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy were similar to those of the patients who underwent two-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. All of the patients were followed up via outpatient reviews and telephone interviews through September 2016.

Results

In all 28 cases, total three-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy was successfully performed with no conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications, or perioperative death. The mean operative time was 406 min (200-520 min) with a mean blood loss of 528 mL (200-1500 mL), a mean number of dissected lymph nodes of 11 (6-16), a mean postoperative anus exhaust time of 4.4 d (2-8 d), and a mean length of stay of 16.9 d (9-23 d). There was a postoperative pancreatic fistula in 4 out of the 28 cases, with 3 cases of grade A and 1 case of grade B. Postoperatively, one patient with early-stage intra-abdominal hemorrhage improved after conservative symptomatic treatment, and two patients with gastroplegia were cured with conservative treatment. No complications occurred in the other patients. All of the cases underwent R0 resection with a negative surgical margin. All of the 28 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, with a median follow-up period of 9.2 months. During the follow-up period, there were no postoperative complications related to the procedures and no deaths; tumor recurrence was identified 9 months after the procedure using positron emission computed tomography (PECT) in one patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

Total three-dimensional laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy is safe and feasible for the treatment of periampullary carcinoma, with the advantage of favorable short-term outcomes.
The application of the robotic surgical system in pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Peng Chenghong , Li Hua
Published: June 2023

Owing to the operative complexity, the application of minimally invasive surgery to pancreatic procedures has been delayed. However, with advances in technique, and since the introduction of robotic systems in particular, pancreatic minimally invasive surgery has made much progress. Laparoscopic and robotic technology has been widely adopted. The safety and feasibility of minimally invasive procedures for pancreaticoduodenectomy have been confirmed in many reports. However, even with these advantages, laparoscopic and robotic surgery cannot completely replace laparotomy. Pancreatic surgeons need to master these three operative methods to be able to handle complicated clinical situations.
Gastric molecular classification and practice in immunotherapy
Authors: Song Gang , Shen Lin
Published: June 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a high incidence worldwide; the prevalence of GC is relatively higher in China than in other countries. Treatment of advanced GC has been slow to develop due to lack of a proper classification system to guide clinical practice. With the development of molecular biology techniques, the molecular classification of GC has been established and may have applications in guiding precise and personalized therapy. To date, three or four molecular classifications for GC have been recognized; these include Singapore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network, and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) classifications. Here, we review the development of molecular classifications and characteristics of different subtypes, and discuss the applications of molecular classifications in clinical practice, with a focus on immunotherapy.
Ultrasonographic features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ ⁎
Authors: Wang Liping , Deng Youbin , Cui Xinwu
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aims of this study were to analyze ultrasound features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography (US) in early diagnosis of DCIS.

Methods

From July 2013 to March 2015, 180 patients with histologically proven DCIS were evaluated. US features recorded included the size, shape, margins, internal echogenicity, microcalcifications, posterior echogenicity, and blood supply. The data were analyzed and compared with mammographic and histologic findings.

Results

Among 180 cases of DCIS, 168 patients had positive findings on US; the lesions were divided into 3 categories: (1) hypoechoic lesions with or without microcalcifications (n=94); (2) hypoechoic dilated ducts with or without microcalcifications (n=59); (3) microcalcifications alone without any other findings (n=15). Of the 180 lesions, microcalcifications were demonstrated by mammography in 128 (71%); among these 128 lesions, 90 were identified with microcalcifications on US. Only 80 cases (44%) manifested as masses or asymmetric densities on mammography. The diagnostic accuracy of US and mammography was 67% (120/180) and 69% (124/180), respectively, which can be improved to 80% (144/180) if US is combined with mammography.

Conclusion

US can be used as an important tool in diagnosis of DCIS. The combination of US and mammography can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast DCIS.
Icotinib, an EGFR-TKI, for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Qunhui , Zheng Hua , Hu Ying , Lu Baohua , Hu Fanbin , Zhang Hongmei , Li Baolan
Published: June 2023

Objective

Treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a challenge because of the poor prognosis. Icotinib is a new type of oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of icotinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastasis.

Methods

This study reviewed records of 51 NSCLC patients with brain metastases who took icotinib 125 mg, 3 times a day. Response rate, progression free survival, and overall survival were analyzed. SPSS software version 17.0 was used for univariate analysis, and Cox regression analysis to analyze factors affecting survival.

Results

Thirty-six cases had partial response, 6 cases had stable disease, and 10 cases had progressive disease. In 31 cases, EGFR gene mutation test were performed. EGFR was mutated in 26 cases and was with wild-type in 5 cases. In patients with EGFR mutations, 23 patients responded to icotinib [the disease control rate (DCR) was 88.5%], significantly higher than in patients with wild-type EGFR (1 patient, DCR 20%) (P = 0.005). The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.6 months. PFS was longer in the patients with EGFR mutations than in those with wild type EGFR (7.8 months vs 1.2 months, P = 0.03). The overall median overall survival (OS) time was 10.7 months. OS was longer in patients with EGFR mutations than in those with wild type EGFR (15.1 months vs 6.7 months, P = 0.003). The main side effects of the treatment were skin rash and diarrhea; no stage 3 or 4 toxic effects occurred. Univariate analysis demonstrated that OS was related to sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), smoking history, and EGFR mutation. Multivariate analysis showed that OS was independently related to sex, ECOG PS, and EGFR mutations.

Conclusion

Icotinib has a favorable effect on NSCLC patients with brain metastases harboring EGFR mutations. Icotinib can be a new choice of treatment for brain metastases in patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
Retroperitoneal hyaline-vascular variant Castleman Disease in a patient with iron-deficiency anemia and sinus bradycardia: a case report
Authors: Ma Chunyang , Guo Xingjun , Zhu Feng , Ren Yuqi , Wang Hebin , Wang Min , Qin Renyi
Published: June 2023

Objective

Castleman disease, also known as giant lymph node hyperplasia, involves lesions in the lymph nodes usually located in the chest_ENREF_1, particularly in the mediastinum. Meanwhile, sinus bradycardia is a sinus rhythm slower than 60 beats per min, and it can occur in both healthy and sick individuals. However, the comorbidity of these two disorders has not been previously reported. In this paper, we report a case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with persistent sinus bradycardia and irondeficiency anemia. Diagnostic work-up revealed hepatosplenomegaly and a giant mass near the splenic hilum. The mass was removed surgically; after which, the patient’s bradycardia resolved immediately, while her anemia was corrected after subsequent chemotherapy. Pathological examination revealed lymph nodes with benign lesions, and the patient was diagnosed with hyaline-vascular variant of Castleman disease. This is the first documented case of sinus bradycardia associated with Castleman disease. In this paper, we describe the case characteristics, discuss the possible pathogenesis, and consider the appropriate treatment of symptomatic sinus bradycardia accompanying Castleman disease.
IGIACP1 predicts the prognosis in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Liu Xiaoping , Li Chunrui , Fang Cheng , He Li
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of acid phosphatase 1 (ACP1) expression in myeloma patients by using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in the GEO database in order to find appropriate datasets. The expression level of ACP1 was extracted from the dataset involving both newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma patients, and a comparison was made. Clinical follow-up data and ACP1 expression were extracted, and survival analysis of overall survival was performed to compare the high- (top quartile) and low-expression (bottom quartile) groups. Analyses using Kaplan-Meier estimation, log-rank test, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) comparison were performed.

Results

The GSE 6477 dataset was used to make a comparison of the ACP1 expression levels among patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma. The ACP1 expression level was significantly higher in the relapsed group than in the newly diagnosed group [mean difference = -262.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (-420.2, -105.5), P = 0.002]. The GSE 2658 dataset was used for investigating the prognostic relevance of ACP1 expression in myeloma. The ACP1 high-expression group had a significantly worse prognosis [low vs high: hazard ratio = 0.54, 95% CI = (0.31, 0.95); χ2 = 5.02, log rank P = 0.0314]. The median survival was 55.9 months in the high-expression group and was not reached in the low-expression group. The restricted mean time loss (95% CI) was 11.03 (12.97, 23.11) and 18.04 (12.97, 23.11) for the low- and high-expression groups, respectively. The ratio of RMST (95% CI) between the two groups (high vs low) was 0.87 (0.77, 0.99; P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Our study, for the first time, showed that ACP1 predicts the prognosis in multiple myeloma patients. Further studies are needed to determine the potential mechanism by which ACP1 is associated with clinical outcomes and should focus on the differential roles of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) isoforms.
Selective partial salivary glands sparing during intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma ⁎
Authors: Yuan Guangjin , Li Qianwen , Chen Shixian , Zheng Chengwei , Tang Jiang , Hu Jiang , Xu Ximing
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the dosimetric consequences of selective partial salivary gland sparing during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Ten patients with NPC were enrolled in the study. Two IMRT plans were produced for each patient: conventional (control) and partial salivary glands-sparing (treatment), with dose constraints to the entire parotid glands or partial salivary glands (including the parotid and submandibular glands, delineated with the adjacent distance of at least 0.5 cm between the glands and PTV, the planning target volume) in planning, respectively. Dosimetric parameters were compared between the two plans, including the V110%, V100%, V95%(the volume covered by more than 110%, 100%, or 95% of the prescribed dose), Dmin(the minimum dose) of PTV, homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and the mean dose and percentage of the volume receiving 30 Gy or more (V30) for the parotid glands and submandibular glands.

Results

Treatment plans had significantly lower mean doses and V30 to both the entire parotid glands and partial parotid glands than those in control plans. The mean doses to the partial submandibular glands were also significantly lower in treatment plans than in control plans. The PTV coverage was comparable between the two plans, as indicated by V100%, V95%, Dmin, CI, and HI. The doses to critical structures, including brainstem and spinal cord, were slightly but not significantly higher in treatment plans than in control plans.

Conclusion

A selective partial salivary gland-sparing approach reduces the doses to parotid and submandibular glands during IMRT, which may decrease the risk of post-radiation xerostomia while not compromising target dose coverage in patients with NPC.
Is EGFR gene mutation testing necessary in smokers with non-small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Zhu Jianfei , Yuan Jinyan , Dou Yawei , Tian Wei , Li Shudong , Wang Hongtao , Li Zhe
Published: June 2023

Objective

Previous studies have proven that cumulative smoking dose predicts the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking-related factors andEGFRmutation status.

Methods

Samples were collected from 195 smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical resection and the presence ofEGFRmutations (exons 19 and 21) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results

EGFRgene mutations were present in 33 (16.9%) patients who were smokers; the patients were divided into three groups according to the smoking index (SI). The incidence ofEGFRmutations decreased from 38.9% in mild smokers to 8.1% in severe smokers (P= 0.001). Compared to daily smoking dose (P= 0.547), initial smoking age (P= 0.085) and duration of smoking history had a larger effect onEGFRmutation status (P= 0.002).

Conclusion

Although there is a decrease in the incidence of mutations with increasing SI, there were still around 17% of smokers with NSCLC that harboredEGFRmutations, so it is necessary to test forEGFRmutation status in smokers with NSCLC.
Effect of low dose fractionated radiation on reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma via VEGF and mTOR ⁎
Authors: Ju Xingyan , liu Shihai , Liang Donghai , Jiang Tao , Yuan Ronghui , Zhao Wei , Yu Hongsheng
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the mechanism of low-dose fractionated radiation on reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vivo.

Methods

Human cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3/DDP) were injected into nude mice to establish ovarian cancer xenografts. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose fractionated radiation (LDRFT) group, and a conventional-dose radiation group. Each group was exposed to 0 cGy, 50 cGy, and 200 cGy radiation, respectively, for 4 weeks, up to a total of 8.0 Gy. Mice in the LDFRT group were irradiated twice daily with 6 hour intermissions on day 1 and 2 of every week for a total of 4 weeks. Conventional-dose group mice were given a single 200 cGy radiation dose on the first day each week for a total of 4 weeks. Maximum horizontal and vertical diameters of the tumors were measured every other day and used to create a tumor growth curve. After 4 weeks of irradiation, we dissected the tumor tissue and calculated the tumor inhibition rate. RT-PCR detected the expression of VEGF and mTOR, and Western blots detected the expression of corresponding proteins.

Results

Both LDRFT and conventional-dose radiation inhibited the growth of tumor cells, and growth of tumors in the two radiation groups compared with growth in the control group were significantly different (P < 0.05). The rate of tumor inhibition in the LDFRT group (37.5603%) was lower than in the conventionaldose group (47.4446%), but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the mRNA expression of VEGF was significantly lower in the LDFRT group (P < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference between the conventional-dose and control groups. There was no obvious difference in the mRNA expression of mTOR among the three groups, but the expression of the protein p-mTOR was lower in the LDFRT group (P < 0.05), as confirmed by Western blotting.

Conclusion

LDFRT is as effective at inhibiting the growth of tumor cells as conventional-dose radiation. In addition, LDFRT could deregulate the expression of VEGF and p-mTOR, and may therefore play a vital role in reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
A retrospective clinical study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Yinghui , Wang Shaojia , Yang Linlin , Yin Chunmei , Yang Hongying
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and the prognostic factors for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods

We enrolled 241 patients with stage III and IV EOC who were diagnosed at the Yunnan Cancer Hospital between October 2006 and December 2015. The observation (NACT-IDS) group (n= 119) received 1-3 courses of platinum-based NACT, followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) and 6-8 courses of postoperative chemotherapy. The control group underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) (n= 122) followed by 6-8 courses of postoperative chemotherapy. We analyzed the general conditions of the operations and the survival of both groups.

Results

Operating time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were significantly lower in the NACT-IDS group (P< 0.05). The rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery was significantly higher in the NACT-IDS group (P< 0.05). A visible residual lesion was observed in 49 (41.18%) and 48 (40%) cases in the NACT-IDS and PDS groups, respectively, which were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The percentage of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV tumors and the recurrence rates were significantly higher in the NACT-IDS group (P< 0.05). The mortality rates were 45.19% (47/104) and 35.19% (38/108) in the NACT-IDS and PDS groups, respectively (P> 0.05). Progression-free survival was 23.75 ± 9.98 and 23.57 ± 12.25 months in the NACT-IDS and PDS groups, respectively (P> 0.05). Overall survival (OS) was 31.11 ± 15.66 and 29.63 ± 18.00 months in the NACT-IDS and PDS groups, respectively (P> 0.05). Optimal cytoreductive surgery with or without residual lesion was an independent influencing factor for advanced EOC in multivariate analysis. OS of patients treated with ≥8 courses of chemotherapy was significantly longer than those treated with < 8 courses.

Conclusion

NACT could improve the intra- and postoperative conditions in advanced EOC patients. Although the percentage of FIGO stage IV cancer was significantly higher in the NACT-IDS group, the prognosis was similar in both the NACT-IDS and PDS groups, suggesting that NACT improves the clinical outcome of advanced EOC. Optimal cytoreductive surgery with no residual lesion is a long-term protective factor in advanced EOC. At least 8 courses of chemotherapy overall or ≥ 6 courses postoperatively improves the OS.
Gastric adenocarcinoma with hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Han Yao , Zhen Lin , Liu Baiying , Zhan Xiaozhen , Li Wenbin , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Xiangwen , Zu Guo
Published: June 2023

Objective

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is exceedingly rare. Only a few cases have been reported worldwide. In this report, we describe our pathological findings along with a review of the literature to improve our understanding of the disease and prevent misdiagnosis, as well as to provide evidence for its treatment and prognosis.

Methods

A 68-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China) complaining of upper abdominal pain. Physical examination and regular laboratory blood tests showed no obvious abnormalities. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan displayed a 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm mass in the gastric antrum, but no metastasis was found in the adjacent organs.

Results

A radical gastrectomy was performed and postoperative histopathology showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with partial hepatoid adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a rare malignant neoplasm. The diagnostic criteria for hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach depends mainly on the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings. Pathomorphology and immunohistochemical staining can be utilized to confirm the diagnosis.
Expression and clinical significance of MCM5 and P16 in hyperplastic disease of the cervix
Authors: Chen Wei , Tu Liang
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to study the expression and clinical significance of MCM5 and P16 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer.

Methods

The immunohistochemistry S-P method was used to detect the expression of MCM5 and P16 in 100 cases of cervical CIN and cancer.

Results

The positive expression rates of MCM5 and P16 in normal cervical epithelium, CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, and cervical invasive cancer were 6.7%, 35.0%, 40.0%, 70.0%, and 97.5%, and 6.7%, 30.0%, 45.0%, 75.0%, and 100%, respectively. The positive expression rates of MCM5 and P16 significantly differed between CIN and infiltrating carcinoma (P< 0.05). The expression levels of MCM5 and P16 positively correlated in cervical cancer (P< 0.01). The positive expression of MCM5 and P16 closely correlated with the clinical stage and pathological grade of cervical cancer (P< 0.05).

Conclusion

MCM5 and P16 might be used as markers for aggressive biological behavior in cervical cancer and might be useful for distinguishing CIN and cervical cancer.
Targeted therapy of gastric cancer: current and prospective strategies*
Authors: Huang Tingting , Qiu Hong , Yuan Xianglin
Published: June 2023

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery is currently the only curative treatment strategy. Chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy in advanced gastric cancer patients with a median overall survival of less than one year. Thus, new treatments are urgently needed. Trastuzumab and Ramucirumab are the only targeted therapies approved currently. Most Phase III clinical trials evaluating targeted drugs in gastric cancer have failed. This review will evaluate relevant clinical trials with targeted therapies performed in gastric cancer patients, discuss the possible reasons for the failure, and indicate new possibilities to enhance gastric cancer treatment.
Small cell carcinoma of the gastric remnant: a case report
Authors: Zhan Xiaozhen , Liu Baiying , Li Wenbin , Zhang Taotao , Zhang Xiangwen , Zu Guo
Published: June 2023

Objective

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is mostly found in the lungs. It is extremely rare in the gastric remnant. Here, we report a case and review the literature in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of SCC of the gastric remnant.

Methods

We report a case of SCC of the gastric remnant in a 71-year-old male Chinese patient who presented with epigastric pain, acid regurgitation, and belching and who underwent Billroth II gastrectomy more than 38 years ago.

Results

Physical examination showed no obvious abnormalities. Laboratory data were within normal limits, except for anemia. Pathology of the mass showed a protruded tumor measuring 5.0 × 5.0 × 2.5 cm at the anastomotic edge of the gastric remnant that infiltrated through the full wall of the stomach; this was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin [CK (-)], leukocyte common antigen (LCA) (+), synaptophysin (+), CD56 (+), and Ki-67 (+ > 50%).

Conclusion

SCC of the gastric remnant is extremely rare, although the pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCC are similar to those of gastric SCC. Although the standard treatment of SCC of the gastric remnant remains unclear, effective surgical resection and subsequent multiagent chemotherapy should be performed for long-term survival. Our case shows the efficacy of tegafurgimeracil-oteracil-potassium capsule chemotherapy. Examination of a large series is required to determine the optimal treatment strategy for SCC of the gastric remnant.
Recurrent ascites due to spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture after pelvic radiation therapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Shen Qian , Yin Yuping , Zhang Lihong , Liu Dongbo , Yu Shiying , Xiong Huihua , Yuan Xianglin , Jiang Yongsheng
Published: June 2023

Radiation cystitis is one of the major complications following radiotherapy for cervical cancer. However, spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture as a result of radiation cystitis following radiotherapy for cervical cancer is extremely rare. Case presentation: We report a 52-year-old patient who received radiation therapy for cervical cancer 15 years prior to presentation. Eight years prior to presentation, she developed recurrent abdominal distension, oliguria, and ascites. Following ascites drainage and supportive treatment, all symptoms were relieved. However, all symptoms subsequently recurred every few months. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy twice. The first exploratory laparotomy in July 2015 found no specific abnormalities. The second exploratory laparotomy in November 2016 found an intraperitoneal bladder rupture, and the patient underwent surgical repair. The ascites subsequently resolved. Conclusion: The occurrence of spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture after radiation therapy for cervical cancer is rare. The prognosis is good when diagnosis and treatment are prompt.
Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of mandibular condylar osteochondroma*
Authors: Shen Molun , Zhu Ling , Yu Hongbo , Zhang Lei , Wang Xudong
Published: June 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of mandibular condylar osteochondroma.

Methods

Preoperative CT and MRI of 33 patients with unilateral condylar osteochondroma were reviewed. The morphology, location, continuity with the parent bone, cartilage cap, perichondrium of tumors, and changes in soft and hard tissues adjacent to the lesions were investigated by two reviewers. Data were analyzed using McNemar test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Among the 33 condylar osteochondromas, 11 were of the diffuse type, 10 were of the sessile type, and 12 were of the pedunculated type. Continuity with the cortex and marrow of the host condyle was observed on both CT and MRI. Both modalities had identical detection rates of surface reconstruction of the temporal bone joint, condylar dislocation, and pseudarthrosis formation. However, MRI showed significantly higher detection rates of the cartilage cap and perichondrium than CT (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MRI showed ipsilateral and contralateral temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement in 4 cases and 6 cases, respectively, and ipsilateral and contralateral TMJ effusion in 20 cases and 14 cases, respectively.

Conclusion

CT can intuitively display the morphology and spatial location of condylar osteochondromas through three-dimensional reconstruction. MRI may be superior to CT in the detection of cartilage cap, perichondrium of the condylar osteochondroma, and changes in the TMJ and adjacent soft tissues.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer cachexia
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yu Shiying
Published: June 2023

Cachexia is a common complication with an incidence rate of 50%-80% in cancer patients. It is also responsible for 20% of mortality among these patients. Cachexia can significantly reduce the efficacy of antitumor therapies and increase treatment-related toxicity and adverse effects in cancer patients. This increases the symptom burden in patients, affects their quality of life, and ultimately shortens their survival time. The mechanism underlying the development of cachexia is complex and diverse and involves various factors and pathways, each playing an important role. Treatment approaches for cachexia are multimodal, including nutrition support therapy, appetite stimulants, and therapeutic drugs that specifically target the mechanism behind the disease. In recent years, we have gradually gained a better understanding of cachexia, and significant progress has been made in delineating molecular mechanisms, staging and diagnosis, and therapeutic drug treatment of cancer cachexia. This article reviews the research progress of cancer cachexia based on these contexts.
Treatment and survival status of patients with EGFR mutation-positive stage IV lung adenocarcinoma: five-year follow-up results in the Ordos Area of Inner Mongolia, China*
Authors: Jin Gaowa , Wang Wenjuan , Deng Shuqin , Jiang Caihong , Bai Xiaojun , Zhao Jun , Chen Feng , Hou Jixiang , Zhao Lanzhen , Li Hui , Lu Ziyu , Da Lenggaowa , Wu Yungaowa , Ma Xiaoyun , Wu Yahan , Gao Jiali , Li Quanfu
Published: June 2023

Objective

We aimed to determine the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and treatment survival of patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma living in the Ordos area of Inner Mongolia, China.

Methods

EGFRtesting and first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment rates of patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed from June 2012 to June 2016. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to compare patients who received different treatment strategies and those harboring differentEGFRmutation statuses.

Results

EGFRtesting and mutation rates were 65.60% and 52.90%, respectively, and improved continuously from June 2012 to June 2016. Among patients withEGFRmutations, 38.9% hadEGFR19 del, 48.2% had L858R, 4.2% had co-existing mutations in exons 19 and 21, and 8.4% had uncommon mutations. The median overall survival (OS) was 29.5, 26.5, and 16.0 months for patients receiving both TKI and chemotherapy, TKI alone, and chemotherapy alone, respectively (P= 0.047). The OS was 26.5 and 30.0 months for patients harboringEGFR19 del and L858R mutations, respectively (P= 0.096).

Conclusion

The high OS rates of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients living in the Ordos area may be attributed to continuous improvements inEGFRtesting and first-line TKI treatment rates. In the era of TKIs, chemotherapy for increasing OS times should be emphasized.
Biochemical overview of the recent findings on the correlation between viral hepatitis and its related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lou Shuchang , Sun Weili , Wu Yuan
Published: June 2023

As one of the most common primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually occurs in the presence of inflammation. Compared to other risk factors such as alcohol abuse, aflatoxin, and obesity, virus-induced hepatitis can be effectively prevented by vaccines. For the past several decades, HCC has been believed to be closely related to viral infections although no comprehensive mechanism was established regarding the contribution of viral hepatitis toward HCC. Recent studies have shown that viral infection plays multiple roles in the process of carcinogenesis by causing an increase in genomic instability, cancer-promoting genetic mutations, signal pathway interruption, and tumor suppressor gene inhibition. Sorafenib has become a novel option for HCC patients, especially those who are in advanced disease stage for which conventional treatment methods are not recommended. Future studies should focus more on novel targeted drugs which can be adopted as alternatives to sorafenib or as second-line drugs after the failure of sorafenib
Significant association between IL-18 and OCT4 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility and clinical characteristics of prostate cancer*
Authors: Nong Shaojun , Guan Yangbo , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Zhongqing , Zhang Yueping , Ni Jian , He Chongsheng , Ma Limin , Zhou Shujun , Li Wenguang
Published: June 2023

Objective

Recent studies have shown abnormal expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) to be related to cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the IL-18 and OCT4 gene polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the presence of IL-18 and OCT4 polymorphisms were associated with size, grade, tumor, nodes and metastasis (TNM) stage, or survival in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods

Polymorphisms in OCT4 and IL-18 genes were evaluated to determine susceptibility to prostate cancer in 120 patients. A control group consisted of 125 Chinese participants. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results

No association was found between OCT4 and IL-18 gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer susceptibility. For OCT4 AA and IL-18-607 CC genotypes, there was a significant association with higher tumor grade (P= 0.03 andP= 0.025) and stage (P= 0.04 andP= 0.001). The OCT4 and IL-18-137 GG genotype was correlated with higher tumor grade (P= 0.028) and stage (P= 0.008). Furthermore, OCT4 AA was significantly more frequent in patients with lymph node metastasis (P= 0.02) and distant metastasis (P= 0.01). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that tumor grade and stage grouping were independent prognostic factors but IL-18 and OCT4 polymorphisms were not.

Conclusion

The OCT4 gene may have a profound effect on prostate cancer risk. Polymorphism variants in the IL-18 (IL-18-607 and IL-18-137) and OCT4 genes may be associated with poor prognoses for individuals with prostate cancer.
Cisplatin selects for CD133+ cells in lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Jiaheng , Jiang Mei , Zhao Xiaoting , Wang Ziyu , Gu Meng , Li Weiying
Published: June 2023

Objective

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, but the chemoresistance of tumor cells continues to be a considerable challenge in the management of NSCLCs, leading to recurrence of most patients. CD133 (prominin-1) is a five-transmembrane glycoprotein, and recent evidence suggests that CD133+ cells are the cause of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. In this study, the correlation between cisplatin and CD133+ cells was investigated systematically.

Methods

Four lung cancer cell lines, including A549, H460, 801D and H1299, were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Sphere-forming assay was performed to detect the capability of sphere-forming. CD133+ cells was detected by BD FACScaliber flow cytometer.

Results

The results showed that cisplatin could increase the number of CD133+ cells in both time- and dose-dependent manner. The enrichment would weaken but the proportion of CD133+ cells was still higher than the basic level as incubation time extended after cisplatin was withdrawn. Compared with adherent culture, the proportion of CD133+ cells was higher when the cells were maintained suspension culture. The proportion of CD133+ cells significantly increased when cisplatin was provided in suspension culture.

Conclusion

These results revealed that cisplatin induces the enrichment of CD133+ cells and CD133 is a new therapeutic target. Our data partially explained drug resistance to second-line chemotherapy in cisplatin-treated patients with NSCLCs.
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus S-1 as thirdly-line or later-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer*
Authors: Cao Heng , Liang Kai , Liu Peng , Wang Jing , Ji Yuanyuan , Xu Lujuan , Wu Weilong , Guo Shengnan , Song Xuekun , Hong Yonggui
Published: June 2023

Objective

Anlotinib, an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor, has confirmed antitumor activity in lung cancer in bothin vitroandin vivoassays, and has been recommended as third-line treatment agent in non-oncogene driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This prospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus S-1 for third- or later-line treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods

Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC, and documented disease progression following second-line chemotherapy, and/or epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated anlotinib (8 mg daily d 1-14) and S-1 (60 mg/m2d 1-14) and the treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) were reviewed and evaluated.

Results

Forty-one patients were enrolled in the study between June 2018 and December 2018. The total ORR and DCR were 26.8% and 80.5%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.9 to 6.6 months]. In the univariate analysis, there was a significant difference in the median PFS between patients with brain metastases and those without brain metastases (4.8 months vs 5.9 months, respectively;P= 0.039). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (P= 0.002), lines of therapy (P= 0.015), and therapeutic evaluation (P= 0.014) were independent factors that influenced PFS. The most common AEs were hypertension, proteinuria, myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions, fatigue, and mucositis.

Conclusion

Anlotinib plus S-1 is an effective and safe regimen for advanced NSCLC as third- or later-line therapy.