bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archer
Authors: Oshewolo Segun , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Ojo’s edited book accommodates brilliant essays that focus analytically on the hurdles to Nigeria’sdemocratization process. The book takes the readers into an interesting, but academically cogent,theme, Nigeria’s democratization process: the odds and socio-politically expedient coping strategies.The foreword, excellently written by a Nigerian professor of political science, J. A.A. Ayoade, will nodoubt ignite readers’ interest in the book. Apart from projecting Nigeria as a continental and globalforce, which necessarily elicits great enthusiasm from democracy observers locally and internationally,it also, precisely and concisely, chronicles Nigeria’s tortuous march to democratization. In the prefaceof this twenty-five chapter book, divided into six sections, the editor presents the question that the bookseeks to answer, ‘how can the current democratic experiment be sustained in a country that wasmarked by predominantly military rule in the post-colonial era?’ (p. ix). This work is very important giventhe fact that previous hopes for a stable democracy have been monumentally squandered. The editoralso performs a fabulous job by providing a succinct recapitulation of each chapter in the book.
Curriculum Reform in American Public High Schools and Its Impact on Minority Students
Authors: D'Souza Jayesh , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

It seems like the high school curriculum reform effort in the United States has come full circle. While itsdevelopment has taken place over time, statistical differentials in academic performance amongracial/ethnic groups makes one question, the adequacy of the modern day high school curriculum inaddressing the needs of all segments of society. After all, progress in the evolution of the high schoolcurriculum has been slow and no matter what changes were made to it, there always seemed the needfor further development. The early stages of educational reform can be traced back to the earlynineteenth century that saw the division of the course of study into different subjects at different gradelevels (Kliebard, 1987, p.2). The mid-twentieth century marked the National Curriculum ReformMovement which introduced academic rigor to the school curriculum (p.3).
Sustainable Leadership: Creating Foundations for Lasting Change
Authors: Lynch Matthew , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The change in the United States population and the pace of Internet technology-perhaps more dramatic than most universities may have forecasted-translates into more diverse prospective students with changing needs and interests in university education (Wilson & Meyer, 2009). Immigration and U.S. population growth patterns have converged into a new prospective student profile (Banks, 2008), such that between now and the year 2050, one in three U.S. residents will be Hispanic (U.S. Census, 2009). Similarly, African Americans and Black immigrants will increase to 15% of the U.S. population, and the Asian population will grow from 5.1% to 9.2%. People of two or more cultures will more than triple between now and the year 2050, and minority children will constitute 62% of U.S. children, up from 44% today. The new challenge of recruiting new techno-savvy diverse prospective students is impacting many dimensions of higher education, particularly the historic euro-centric focus (Eckel & King, 2009).
Table of Contents - Summer 2007
Authors: null Fort Hays State University College of Education , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Summer 2007 table of contents
A Comparison Of Leadership Styles And Gender Role Internalization Among Female Managers In The United States
Authors: Young Jennifer , Beauchamp Barbara , Jackson-Dowd Susan , Dunnagan Karen
Published: February 2023

The current research study examined the relationship between gender role internalization andtransformational and transactional leadership style in female managers. This researcher intended todiscover whether the internalization of messages that society presents about female behaviorcorrelates with the adoption of transformational leadership by women in management positions.Specifically, the researcher wanted to find out whether there was a higher level of gender roleinternalization among female transformational leaders than in female transactional leaders.
A Communications Manager's Qualifications To Enter The Work Force: The Frequency and Distribution of Requirements
Authors: Berry Alison , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This article examines the frequency and distribution of requirements placed on communication managers within recruitment advertisements. The characteristics of recruitment advertisements seeking entry to mid-level communications managers within the Midwest region of the United States were divided into several categories including years of experience, formal education, and educational accreditation status. These categories were analyzed to identify trends and produce conclusions. The conclusions presented with the article indicate employers seek well-rounded and multi-faceted candidates, but overlook educational accreditation as a prerequisite for employment. Additionally, the article evidences both formal education and years of experience as an enhancement to a job seeker's qualifications within workforce. The results of the current study prove valuable in providing information about the field of communications, the job market, general hiring processes, and the workforce. This article recommends further research in job market analysis with emphasis on educational accreditation and its impact on the workforce, job market, and economy.
The impact of national cultures on corporate cultures in organisations
Authors: Dartey-Baah Kwasi , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The school’s main core business is teaching and learning. A quality curriculum and effective instructionare key elements to ensure successful teaching and learning in schools (Grigsby et. al. 2010). Thus,various activities and resources established in the schools should be optimized to ensure that teachingand learning are implemented effectively. From the human resource perspective, the main drivers ofsuccessful teaching and learning are teachers. Hence, quality teachers who can perform theirresponsibilities with commitment are prerequisites for successful and excellent education.
Perceived Efficacy Of Marriage Counseling In Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study Of Tai Solarin University Of Education, Ijebu Ode
Authors: Oluwatimilehin J.T.B. , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

It has long been recognized that the major causes of difficulties of students are anxieties andpsychological stresses (Adeyemo, 2000; Owuamanam, 2000; and Akinleye, 2003). According toAdeyemo (2000), concern over studies, unusual physical complaint and difficulties with interpersonalrelationship have often led to successful or attempted suicide among students. Students in Nigeriatertiary institutions have a great need for guidance and counseling. This assertion is largely informed bythe cultural conflict between the Western and African values whereby students are engaged indeveloping both occupational and social identities. This seems to support the view of Owuamanam(2000)who reported that the traditional values and beliefs are called to question and many students nolonger know what is accepted or rejected by the society.
Motivational Techniques, Communication Patterns, and Job Productivity of Non-Academic Staff in Ogun State Owned Universities
Authors: Ositoye A. , Adeyemi Muyiwa , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The classical economists of the 19th-century had the idea that individuals choose to maximize profits inevery relation that they ever get involved in. Both the contemporary economists and educationists haveequally held strongly to this belief (Kottak, 2005). For this reason, both individual psychologists andeconomists have shown a great concern about how best to achieve motivation (in the industrial/economic setting) in order to produce the desired results of profit maximization (Ibid, 2005). Such aconcern is, nevertheless, a worthwhile concern since productivity can be said to be the raison detre ofany management and that of any establishment built for progress. Without such motivation that suits therequirements of the individual or group employees, the subject matter of economics – economizing –which refers to rational allocation of scarce means (resources) to alternative ends (uses, results,production) cannot be achieved.
Cultural Diversity Analysis of a Hot-Rodder
Authors: Gross Michael , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Pick a lesson plan that you have recently developed. How have you incorporated the culturalbackgrounds of your students? Discuss how you would modify that lesson plan to incorporatestrategies that meet the learning needs of auditory, visual, and tactile/kinesthetic learners. How couldyou tie in different intelligences?
Table of Contents - Summer 2005
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Summer 2005 table of contents.
Measuring Managerial Effectiveness During The Implementation of Service Strategies
Authors: Mitchell Bryant , Fredendall Lawrence , Cantrell Stephen , null null
Published: February 2023

In service firms performance is contingent upon the operations strategy being pursued. However, little research has been reported which empirically examines the implementation of operations strategy in service firms. We argue that implementing fill operation strategy in service is primarily done through the use of human resources. We then test the proposition that in service firms the most effective operations managers are the ones that make the most effective use of their human resources. This paper develop measures of strategic implementation and tests hypotheses about the effect of strategic implementation on firm performance using published data from the National Basketball Association.
Understanding resilience: Investigating the relationship between risk factors, resilience, and psychological well-being
Authors: Schulz Paulyna , Park Jisook , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Adversity in life is rarely considered positive. Adverse events can increase stress levels and decrease psychological well-being. However, experience of overcoming hardship can be the start of developing psychological resilience in life. Resilience is known to help regulate negative emotions and provides protection to one’s psychological well-being. The current study focused on contributing to present literature by further investigating the role of resilience on mitigating the negative impact of stress on psychological well-being. In the current study, resilience is expected to positively influence the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being by negating the direct negative effect of stress on psychological well-being. Participants in the study included adults between 25- and 71-years-old in the U.S. recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The survey included questions addressing demographic information, perceived stress, resilience, and psychological well-being. A mediation analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results showed a partial mediation found between perceived stress and psychological well-being and this relation suggests that resilience plays a small role in negating the negative effects caused by stress.
Book Review – "Leadership and the One Minute Manager"
Authors: Rao M.S. , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Today I read a book titled ‘Leadership and the One Minute Manager’ by Ken Blanchard, PatriciaZigarmi and Drea Zigarmi (Harper Collins Publishers). It took four hours for me to read this book. It hasvaluable takeaways for all and especially for managers and leaders.
Differences In Management and Marketing Professors' Perspectives On The Rising Cost of College Textbooks
Authors: Silver Lawrence , Stevens Robert , Clow Kenneth , Campbell Kitty
Published: February 2023

Textbooks are an integral component of the higher education process. However, a great deal of concern about the high costs of college textbooks has been expressed by those inside and outside of higher education. This paper focuses on the results of a study of the differences in Management and Marketing professors' criteria and use of textbooks and their reactions to some of the changes that have been implemented or may be implemented by universities, state legislatures, and publishers to combat these cost escalations. Findings suggest that management and marketing instructors, particularly those with years of experience, acknowledge the concerns their students have over high textbook prices. They are willing to have legislation enacted to force changes in the marketing of the textbooks by publishers, but they do not want university policies that (from their perspective) restrict their choices for texts. Nor are they in favor of possible publisher cost saving strategies that appear to add administrative burdens on faculty involved in the adoption process.
Intern and Mentor Perceptions of the Internship Experience
Authors: Dunaway David , Bird James , Flowers Claudia , Lyons James
Published: February 2023

For more than twenty-five years reform efforts have been pervasively pursued across the nation toimprove student achievement at the K-12 level. It is generally agreed that the impetus for these reformefforts was the publication of the report, A Nation at Risk, in 1983(National Commission on Excellencein Education, 1983). This report, which concluded that a "rising tide of mediocrity" was sweepingacross the educational system served as the clarion call that spurned the national efforts to reform andimprove America’s schools. Although these reform efforts have covered nearly every aspect ofschooling and taken a variety of forms, fundamentally they have addressed how schools are governed,organized, and operated for the purpose of improving teaching and learning. Additionally, and mostimportant, these reform efforts have focused upon the quality of personnel in the schools, especiallyteachers and administrators, because reformers have argued that they are the most important resourcefor effecting significant school improvement. Given the emphasis on the quality of personnel, many ofthe reform efforts have addressed the quality of both pre-service and professional developmentprograms for teachers and administrators. Of these, the focus, structure, content, and quality of the preserviceprograms have received the most attention.
Informal instructional teacher leaders: How principals can support them and their effect on instructional reform:
Authors: Austen Pamela , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The single case explanatory study of the three elementary schools of a regional school districtexamined the relationship between the principal, a designated teacher leader, and a peer teacher inthree elementary schools, in attempt to learn more about the relational factors that may work to inhibitor support instructional reform efforts. Qualitative analysis procedures were used to analyze data fromthe interview transcripts, the observational field notes, and documents related to the implementation ofthe SRBI reform. Two sets of interview transcripts from the nine participants were used along with twosets of observational field notes of the school’s RTI meetings, the grade level team meetings, andclassroom observations of the three participating schools. The multiple sources of varied data workedto establish a chain of evidence that helped to construct the validity of the study. All of the data werereduced using a process of coding, memo writing, categorizing, and thematic identification (Anfara,Brown & Mangione, 2002).
Leadership Solutions for a For-Profit Secondary School in Vietnam
Authors: Wagner Timothy , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The opportunity to attend a university and pursue higher education is a dream that is shared by manyhigh school students and their parents all over the world. Students from developing countries have longstudied in the west, but the number of students from developing counties that hope to study in the westhas risen considerably in recent years. However, there is often a significant difference in the secondarycurriculum in developing countries and the secondary curriculum in western countries which can causedifficulties for students that are new to a more western oriented education. In response to this situationmany developing countries have seen an increase in privately owned schools that aim to prepare localstudents at the secondary level for academic success in western universities. However, many localinvestors face numerous difficulties in establishing a secondary school with a western curriculum intheir countries (Vietnam, 2007). One school that is attempting to face these challenges and provide awestern secondary curriculum to local students that hope to study in the west is School X (namechanged).
Sabbatical Leave Programs as Form of Faculty Development
Authors: Miller Michael , Kang Bai , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

A study looking at the prospect of sabbaticals as a form of faculty development.
Science Homework and Parental Involvement: Factors Influencing Behaviors and Attitudes
Authors: Harwell Dana , Brown Kate , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand confounding information regarding homework and schoolachievement. Recent research has sought to identify specific factors impacting student success as itrelates to homework including parental involvement, parental education, gender, socio-economicstatus, computer and internet use, extra-curricular activities, and other factors. Unfortunately, the resultsof these studies have lacked consensus. The review of the literature shows attempts have been madeto isolate co-variates along with important factors such as gender, parental involvement, and studentcharacteristics, but the results have been unclear. This study utilized a qualitative design withinterviews, observations, and collection of artifacts to attempt to isolate and understand possiblefactors influencing homework among seventh grade, high achieving science students and address thegaps in the literature. Interviews with teachers, parents, and students were designed to learn from thesevarying perspectives possible relationships or similarities that may lead to a better understanding ofthe relationship between parental involvement, gender, homework, and school achievement.
Pilgrim’s Progress: Lessons in Shared Governance
Authors: Hansen Stephen , Wrobbel E. , Hopwood Julie , Ferguson Paul
Published: February 2023

In the Spring of 2006, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) initiated a conversation to definea "Teacher-Scholar" Philosophy appropriate for the campus. In an experience similar to John Bunyan’sprotagonist, Christian, in the classic 1678 allegory Pilgrim’s Progress, the SIUE faculty andadministrators set off on a 21st century journey of discovery.[2] Our journey, however, was towardshared governance, rather than down the path to salvation. Like Bunyan’s Christian, we traveledmetaphorically through the Town of Vanity, the Valley of Humiliation, the Slough of Despond, the Hill ofDifficulty, and the Castle of Doubt. Unlike Christian, however, our journey of discovery ended before wecrossed the River of Death and entered the Celestial City.
Leadership of Stability and Leadership of volatility: Transactional and Transformational Leaderships Compared
Authors: Hay Ian , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Since the late 1970s, the literature on leadership has featured a debate and program of researchexploring relationships between transactional and transformational leadership. To some degree,this work was given an impetus by both the search for appropriate leadership strategies within theincreasingly turbulent, unstable and competitive post-World War 2 economic, geopolitical andsocial environment (Simic, 1998) and the declining significance of the pre-existing ‘social contract’which had implied long-term employment in return for loyalty (Griffin, 2003). With the apparentdemise of a transaction fundamental to organizational leadership and an emerging context oforganizational volatility came the search to better understand the leaderships of stability and ofchange; and the leaderships of contract and of values. This short paper reviews currentunderstandings of these approaches to leadership. It distinguishes between transactionalleadership (characterised here as the leadership of stability and exchange) and transformationalleadership (the leadership of values and volatility), setting out their similarities, key differences, andrelationship to one another.
Academic Journal Publishing in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Amusan A.O. , Olanisimi Dele , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Compared to the situation up to the late 1970s, academic publishing in Africa and its concomitanteffect of scholarly research has declined in terms of output, quality and regularity of a publications(Olukoju, 2002). This reflects the general decline in the standards and funding of education, aconsequence of prolonged military rule characterized by lack of accountability and thinly veiled cultureof obscurantism (Olukoju, 2002). He also stressed the problem of collapsed currency, owing to plunder,and mismanagement by the country’s military rulers and their civilian collaborations.
Firm Performance and Insider Trading: A Comparison Between Voluntary and Involuntary Bankruptcy Filings
Authors: Donaldson Jeffrey , Weigand Robert , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

We compare the financial performance and insider trading characteristics of firms finding for voluntary bankruptcy with firms that are petitioned into bankruptcy involuntarily by their creditors. We find that shareholders of firms filing for voluntary bankruptcy experience significantly greater losses around the bankruptcy announcement than shareholders of involuntary filers. We also find that insiders of firms filing voluntarily are net sellers of their firm's shares in the years leading up to bankruptcy, vs. net buying by insiders of involuntary filers. Moreover, firms filing voluntary bankruptcy successfully reorganize less frequently and liquidate more frequently titan firms that file involuntary bankruptcy. These findings are consistent with the idea that corporate insiders in firms filing for voluntary bankruptcy have reduced incentives to maximize shareholder welfare throughout the Chapter 11 process compared with insiders of firms tit at are petitioned into bankruptcy by their creditors.
Intellectual Property Asset Management: A New Dimension For Business Leadership
Authors: Segars Francine , Moustafa Karen , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

As we move rapidly toward a knowledge society, intellectual property (used interchangeably hereinafter with "IP") is becoming the primary differentiating factor between companies (Drucker, 199 2). In the knowledge society, the means for production becomes intellectual property which is held within each individual employee within a company, along with a well thought out strategy for managing a company's IP. Leadership is required to ensure that this IP intellectual property is fully utilized by the company through an effective strategy. Leadership has been defined as the ability of an individual to use influence to produce an outcome (Bennis & Nanus, 1985; Bums. 1978). Pertaining to IP it is essential that all individuals in a company understand tire outcomes desired and tire influence and power tactics that promote and further an effective IP strategy. In this is paper, we define the parameters of intellectual property and outline tire importance of developing and implementing an effective IP asset management strategy as an essential component of organizational leadership.
Budget Administration in Nigerian Universities: A Case Study of Delta State University, Abraka
Authors: Efe Anho , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Education is considered to be the greatest investment any country can invest on to transform itseconomic, political and human resource. It requires huge and adequate financial provision, it is anexpensive non profit social service which needs proper management and implementation.Therefore educational investment according to Saint et al, (2003) has become a decisive factor inknowledge-based economies that from global perspective, economic and social developments areincreasingly being driven by the advancement and application of knowledge. The quality of a nation’seducational system especially tertiary education positively correlates with its development profile anddetermine by the nature and extent of funding.
Potential Extensions to Transformational Leadership Models
Authors: Jackson C.R.A. , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The view adopted in this research was that transformational leadership (Bass 1985; Burns 1978) could be characterised by an ability to bring about significant change in an organization, and that transactional leadership above was inadequate for this task. Since the 1980s, research (Avolio & Bass 2002; Bass 1990; Parry 1996) supported the idea that transformational leadership was more effective than transactional leadership in generating the extra effort, commitment and satisfaction of those being led (Bass 1990). Transformational leadership was a process where leaders and followers raised one another to higher moral and motivational levels (Yukl 1971). As Bass (1990) asserted, a leader transformed followers by making them more aware of the importance and value of task outcomes.
MENGAPA BAHASA INGGRIS MENJADI MATA PELAJARAN WAJIB DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ismi Yulizar  , Siti Aminah
Published: February 2023

Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa pemersatu bangsa dikarenakan BahasaInggris telah manjadi bahasa internasional. Bahasa Inggris secara resmi diajarkansebagai bahasa asing di sekolah-sekolah Indonesia seiring dengan keputusanmenteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan pada tahun 1967. Mata pelajaran bahasaInggris dianggap penting dalam penyerapan dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan,teknologi dan seni budaya antar bangsa. Oleh karena itu dengan seiring perubahanzaman semakin moderen dan dengan adanya perkembangan bahasa inggri di tengahtengah penerus bangsa, maka bahasa inggris dijadikan mata pelajaran wajib diIndonesia. Jadi bahasa Inggris merupakan suatu kebutuhan bagi para peserta didikuntuk mampu berkomunikasi di berbagai situasi dalam berbahasa Inggris. Tujuandari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pentingnya pelajaran bahasainggris terhadap perkembangan suatu negara sehingga menjadikan mata pelajaranbahasa inggris menjadi mata pelajaran wajib di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan ialah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukanialah dengan di dapatkannya alasan mengapa harus mempelajari bahasa inggrisdan alasan mengapa bahasa inggris menjadi mata pelajaran wajib. BahasaInggris merupakan bahasa universal yang mendunia yang dipergunakan untukberkomunikasi antar bangsa. Perkembangan Bahasa Inggris di Indonesia terbilangcukup pesat, dikarenakan Bahasa Inggris telah melekat pada diri disetiap orangIndonesia. Walaupun Bahasa Inggris bukan menjadi bahas kedua di Indonesia,namun hal itu tidak mengurangi perkembangan Bahasa Inggris di Indonesia.
Analisis Sistem Peradilan Agama di Negara Yaman dan Pelaksanaannya
Authors: Diyarti Sisi , Asasriwarni Asasriwarni , Zulfan Zulfan
Published: February 2023

Negara Yaman merupakan salah satu Negara di Jazirah Arab yaitu di Asia Barat Daya bagian dari Timur Tengah. Sistem hukum Yaman didasarkan terutama pada prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Pasal 147 UUD 1994 mengatur secara finansial dan administratif peradilan yang independen. Yaman mengikuti sistem hukum sipil, yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh hukum sipil Mesir. penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif dengan teknik studi kepustakaan (Library research). penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem peradilan yang ada di Negara Yaman.hasil penelitian menunjukkan Yaman memiliki sejarah hukum dan peradilan yang kompleks. Meskipun berasal dari sumber-sumber pluralistik, sistem hukum formal di Yaman telah berkembang menjadi satu kesatuan hukum (qânûn, kode). Sistem pengadilan di Yaman didasarkan pada peradilan yang independen dan terintegrasi, sebagaimana diatur dalam Konstitusi dan Undang-Undang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sistem hukum Yaman didasarkan terutama pada prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Dewan Kehakiman Tertinggi adalah otoritas administrative kehakiman. Sistem pengadilan di Yaman didasarkan pada peradilan yang independen dan terintegrasi, sebagaimana diatur dalam Konstitusi dan Undang-Undang Kekuasaan Kehakiman.
Telaah Atas Konsep Khilafah Al-Mawardi (Studi Deskriptif Analisis)
Authors: Sahidin Amir
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Al-Mawardi was a Muslim scholar who was very well known for his Islamic political theory long before Western scholars recognized it. But, its very seldom to know that Al-Mawardi is also a scholar who is very concerned about maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. So it is rare to find researcher who uncover the links between Al-Mawardi's political thought and maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. In fact, both are related well and aimed to create maslahat for humans. Therefore, this article tries to examine the concept of al-Mawardi’s caliphate with the maqâshid al-syarî‘ah approach. Based on deep library research, it is found that the foundations built by Al-Mawardi in his concept of khilafah were strongly influenced by his understanding of maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, it is maqâshid al-imâmah value, wasilah law, maslahat and mudharat rules, and textual contextual. So that he succeeded in formulating laws that were beneficial both in the world and in the hereafter in line with the substance of maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Thus, Al-Mawardi is one of the Islamic political thinkers who integrated maqâshid al-syarî‘ah into his concept of political thought, especially in the book al-Ahkâm al-Shulthâniyyah..

 

Keywords: Al-Mawardi, khilafah, maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, value

 

Abstrak

Al-Mawardi merupkan sarjana muslim yang sangat terkenal dengan teori politik Islamnya jauh-jauh hari sebelum sarjana-sarjana Barat mengenal politik. Akan tetapi jarang yang mengetahui bahwa ternyata Al-Mawardi juga merupakan sosok sarjana yang sangat perhatian terhadap maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Sehingga jarang sekali ditemukan para peneliti yang berusaha mengungkap keterkaitan politik Al-Mawardi dengan maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Padahal, antara politik dan maqâshid al-syarî‘ah sangat berkaitan, yaitu sama-sama bertujuan untuk mewujudkan maslahat bagi manusia. Karenanya, artikel ini mencoba mengkaji konsep khilafah al-Mawardi dengan pendekatan maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Melalui kajian kepustakaan yang mendalam dan otoritatif, ditemukan bahwa pondasi yang dibangun oleh Al-Mawardi dalam konsep khilafahnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemahamannya terhadap maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, yaitu berupa nilai-nilai maqâshid al-imâmah, hukum wasilah, kaidah maslahat dan mudarat, serta tekstual dan kontekstual. Sehingga ia berhasil merumuskan hukum-hukum yang bermaslahat baik di dunia maupun di akhirat selaras dengan subtansi maqâshid al-syarî‘ah. Dengan demikian, Al-Mawardi merupakan salah satu pemikir politik Islam yang mengintegrasikan maqâshid al-syarî‘ah ke dalam konsep pemikiran politiknya, khususnya dalam kitab al-Ahkâm al-Shulthâniyyah.

 

Kata Kunci: Al-Mawardi, khilafah, maqâshid al-syarî‘ah, nilai-nilai
Relevansi Digitalisasi PLP I Dengan Penguatan Kompetensi Mengajar Abad 21
Authors: Rizqiyah Afi , Zahara Dewi Rahmawati , Agustina Firda , Fitriya Indah , Faizin Moh.
Published: February 2023

Facing the industrial revolution 4.0, we as teachers are required to master the resources where students can learn. Teachers must be able to direct students because they can learn from anywhere. In this case, the teacher functions as a resource linker or a liaison for learning resources. It should also be borne in mind that the teacher's role is to facilitate students, namely to seek various relevant sources. So, it is clear that later students have to study with whom and what facilities they need. For that, teachers must learn continuously and continuously. Given the world of information and science and technology continues to evolve with the times. In improving the quality of education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 through digitalization, teachers can learn from various sources. It's just a matter of how the teacher's ability to sort and select information sources to enrich learning, and how teachers create new methods in applying information and knowledge with students in the teaching and learning process, especially in terms of digitalization. Digitization of education will not be realized if the competence of teachers who are the main engine that drives the wheels of education do not synergize with the needs of digital education. Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers stipulates Pedagogic Competence, Personality Competence, Social Competence, and Professional Competence as four basic competencies that must be mastered by a teacher.
Marinism and macrotextuality in Margherita Costa's early printed books
Authors: Robarts Julie
Published: February 2023

Margherita Costa’s first lyric works represent an enormous production of over 1046 quarto pages of poetry, and 325 pages of love letters, published in four books between 1638 and 1639: La chitarra, Il violino, Lo stipo and Lettere amorose. In this paper I propose macro- para- and intertextual analyses that work together to define these four works as a corpus, firmly situated in literary milieu of mid-Seicento Marinism.
First record of palaeozoic vertebrates from Peru
Authors: Zevallos-Valdivia Leonardo , Martínez-Pérez Carlos , García-Flores Vilma , Chávez-Valencia Antenor , Botella Héctor
Published: February 2023

Devonian vertebrates in South America are notably scarce compared with other continents, becoming this circumstance particularly evident in Peru, where no Palaeozoic vertebrates have been formally reported so far. In this paper, we report, figure and describe the first Devonian vertebrates remains from Peru recovered in the Puno region, south-eastern of the country. The remains belong to the very unusual group of Emsian to Eifelian stem-chondrichthyan Pucapampella and Zamponiopteron that characterise the vertebrate fauna of the so-called marine “Malvinokaffric Realm”. The remains studied are represented by three jaw fragments assigned to Pucapampella, and three fin plates of Zamponiopteron. These records increase the palaeogeographic distribution of this assemblage in the Palaeozoic of Gondwana, but more relevant, our findings highlight the potential of the Peruvian outcrops to contribute to the knowledge on the diversity and distribution of the early vertebrate faunas in the South American continent.
Synergy in symbiosis
Authors: Berasategui Aileen , Salem Hassan
Published: February 2023

Honeybees rely on their microbial gut symbionts to overcome a potent toxin found in pollen and nectar.
Annual Report 2017
Authors: Andreassen Karin
Published: February 2023

CAGE has completed its first five-year phase as a Centre of Excellence. During this short time, the centre has established itself as a world leader in gas hydrate-related environmental and climate research. This achievement was recognised by our highly successful midway-evaluation in 2017, where significant funding was secured from the Norwegian Research Council for another five years.
Data processing choices can affect findings in differential methylation analyses: an investigation using data from the LIMIT RCT
Authors: Louise Jennie , Deussen Andrea R. , Dodd Jodie M.
Published: February 2023

Objective

A wide array of methods exist for processing and analysing DNA methylation data. We aimed to perform a systematic comparison of the behaviour of these methods, using cord blood DNAm from the LIMIT RCT, in relation to detecting hypothesised effects of interest (intervention and pre-pregnancy maternal BMI) as well as effects known to be spurious, and known to be present.

Methods

DNAm data, from 645 cord blood samples analysed using Illumina 450K BeadChip arrays, were normalised using three different methods (with probe filtering undertaken pre- or post- normalisation). Batch effects were handled with a supervised algorithm, an unsupervised algorithm, or adjustment in the analysis model. Analysis was undertaken with and without adjustment for estimated cell type proportions. The effects estimated included intervention and BMI (effects of interest in the original study), infant sex and randomly assigned groups. Data processing and analysis methods were compared in relation to number and identity of differentially methylated probes, rankings of probes by p value and log-fold-change, and distributions of p values and log-fold-change estimates.

Results

There were differences corresponding to each of the processing and analysis choices. Importantly, some combinations of data processing choices resulted in a substantial number of spurious ‘significant’ findings. We recommend greater emphasis on replication and greater use of sensitivity analyses.
First Report Occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC β-lactamase Gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae from Clinical Sample in South Eastern, Nigeria
Authors: Oluchi Akpu Peace , Onyinye Uzoeto Henrietta , Udeme Peter Ikemesit , Lovette Nomeh Onyinye , Chidiebube Nwuzo Agabus , Chinenye Ogba Rebecca , Romanus Iroha Ifeanyichukwu
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: Over time, the enzymes AmpC β-lactamases have become more significant, due to their roles in antibiotic resistance among enterobacteriaceace especially in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae. Due to increase multidrug resistant express by AmpC β-lactamases producing bacteria strain, the patients care in several hospital has been severely hampered. Hence, this study was designed to assess the occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC β-lactamase gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae from clinical sample in south eastern, Nigeria

Methodology: This study was conducted over an 8-month period on sixteen (16) non-repetitive clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pnuemoniae collected from medical microbiology laboratory unit of Alex Ekweume Federal University Teaching Hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria. The isolates were further identified using Standard microbiological Techniques and screened for cefoxitin resistance using a disc diffusion assay, followed by phenotypic tests using phenyl boronic acid assays for confirmation of AmpC β-lactamases production. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were further screen for AmpC β-lactamase CIT and DHA genotype by polymerase chain reactions

Result: Of the sixteen (16) confirmed phenotypic AmpC β-lactamase producing bacteria, 100% of the AmpC β-lactamase genes (DHA and CIT) were detected in E. coli from wound and urine samples from both male and female patients. The overall proportion of AmpC β-lactamases gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae were DHA (100 %) and CIT (100 %), in both male and female.

Conclusion: This study indicate the occurrence of CIT and DHA AmpC genotype. The detection of AmpC β-lactamases in this study is of clinically importance as such bacteria are often MDR. Thus, being aware of the presence of AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria could be very beneficial for achieving more accurate epidemiological results as well as controlling their spread, while surveillance is required to track any further dissemination and emergence of other AmpC β-lactamase genotypes.
Possible Colchicine Poisoning: Case Study
Authors: Takeuchi Koh , Matsumoto Shinya , Yasumoto Yusuke , Kato Ryotaro
Published: February 2023

We have experienced a case of colchicine toxicity presenting with rapidly progressive gastrointestinal symptoms, hemodynamic instability, and multiple organ failure.

An 86-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with subarachnoidal hemorrhage transferring from another hospital where he had been treated with colchicine 0.5 mg three times daily for an elevated uric acid level. During his admission, he had a nosocomial COVID-19 infection. Then, he developed loss of appetite, and significant diarrhea, which continued for two days. He then developed shock and hypoxia and was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). The laboratory data revealed pancytopenia, acute kidney injury, lactic acidosis, marked coagulopathy, elevated troponin I, and C-reactive protein with poor cardiac function and hypotension refractory to vasopressors. Despite intensive care, he expired on 2nd day of ICU admission. Because his cardiac function was depressed from the beginning and was not respond to inotropic support, direct myocardial damage, rather than septic cardiomyopathy was suspected. We, therefore, emphasize that colchicine poisoning should be suspected in patients with access to the drug and the typical toxidrome.
The Other Ear in Unilateral Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Clinical and Radiological Study
Authors: Taha Mesilhy Ghada Mesilhy , Shehata Emad Mohammed , Ali Erfan Fathy , Adel Khalifa Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) refers to chronic irreversible inflammatory pathological tissue damage of the middle ear cleft mucosal lining. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiological study of the other ear in unilateral CSOM.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 65 Cases with unilateral Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and their ages more than 5 years old.  Cases were subdivided in to two groups: GroupⅠ:  included 30 cases with unilateral mucosal CsOM and Group Ⅱ: included 30 cases with unilateral squamous CSOM.

All cases were subjected to clinical examination of the contralateral ear (CLE) (Otoscope, Microscope and Endoscopic examination by 0-degree telescope) as well as audiological examination.

Results: Unilateral CSOM, mainly found in young age females. The average duration of the disease was 5.1 years ± 3.7 years in group I and 7.2 ±5.6 years in group II, Abnormal tympanic membrane (TM) of CLEs was (43.1%) in both groups, In group I, CLE otoscope and microscopic examinations showed that (60%) with normal TM, (37.1%) with retracted TM and (2.9%) with glue TM, while endoscopic examination showed (56.7%) normal TM, (37.1%) retracted TM and (2.9%) glue TM, In group II, CLE otoscope examination showed that 16 normal TM (53.3%) and 14 retracted TM (46.7%), while microscopic examination showed that 13 normal TM (43.3%) and 17 retracted TM (56.7%) and endoscopic examination showed that 12 normal TM (40%),18 retracted TM (60%).

Conclusion:  occurrences of structure abnormalities of the CLE in cases of unilateral CSOM of both squamous and mucosal types. The otoscope findings were primarily in the form of TM retraction in the squamous type, while the radiological and audiological abnormalities were more common in the squamous than mucosal type.
Association of Cognitive Impairment Screening Scores With Improvements in Speech Recognition and Quality of Life After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Raymond Mallory J. , Ma Cheng , Schvartz-Leyzac Kara C. , Camposeo Elizabeth L. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. , McRackan Theodore R.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Many cochlear implant centers screen patients for cognitive impairment as part of the evaluation process, but the utility of these scores in predicting cochlear implant outcomes is unknown.

Objective

To determine whether there is an association between cognitive impairment screening scores and cochlear implant outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective case series of adult cochlear implant recipients who underwent preoperative cognitive impairment screening with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from 2018 to 2020 with 1-year follow-up at a single tertiary cochlear implant center. Data analysis was performed on data from January 2018 through December 2021.

Exposures

Cochlear implantation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Preoperative MoCA scores and mean (SD) improvement (aided preoperative to 12-month postoperative) in Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant phonemes (CNCp) and words (CNCw), AzBio sentences in quiet (AzBio Quiet), and Cochlear Implant Quality of Life-35 (CIQOL-35) Profile domain and global scores.

Results

A total of 52 patients were included, 27 (52%) of whom were male and 46 (88%) were White; mean (SD) age at implantation was 68.2 (13.3) years. Twenty-three (44%) had MoCA scores suggesting mild and 1 (2%) had scores suggesting moderate cognitive impairment. None had been previously diagnosed with cognitive impairment. There were small to medium effects of the association between 12-month postoperative improvement in speech recognition measures and screening positive or not for cognitive impairment (CNCw mean [SD]: 48.4 [21.9] vs 38.5 [26.6] [d = −0.43 (95% CI, −1.02 to 0.16)]; AzBio Quiet mean [SD]: 47.5 [34.3] vs 44.7 [33.1] [d = −0.08 (95% CI, −0.64 to 0.47)]). Similarly, small to large effects of the associations between 12-month postoperative change in CIQOL-35 scores and screening positive or not for cognitive impairment were found (global: d = 0.32 [95% CI, −0.59 to 1.23]; communication: d = 0.62 [95% CI, −0.31 to 1.54]; emotional: d = 0.26 [95% CI, −0.66 to 1.16]; entertainment: d = −0.005 [95% CI, −0.91 to 0.9]; environmental: d = −0.92 [95% CI, −1.86 to 0.46]; listening effort: d = −0.79 [95% CI, −1.65 to 0.22]; social: d = −0.51 [95% CI, −1.43 to 0.42]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, screening scores were not associated with the degree of improvement of speech recognition or patient-reported outcome measures after cochlear implantation. Given the prevalence of screening positive for cognitive impairment before cochlear implantation, preoperative screening can be useful for early identification of potential cognitive decline. These findings support that screening scores may have a limited role in preoperative counseling of outcomes and should not be used to limit candidacy.
The pH‐Sensitive Optical Fiber Integrated CMCS‐PA@Fe Hydrogels for Photothermal Therapy and Real‐Time Monitoring of Infected Wounds
Authors: Min Yajun , Han Ruijia , Li Guanlin , Wang Xinyu , Chen Shilu , Xie Maobin , Zhao Zheng
Published: February 2023

Bacterial infections are one of the biggest threats to wound healing. Despite significant efforts in wound condition monitoring and treatment, significant challenges remain in real‐time wound monitoring and timely treatment. Herein, a kind of hydrogel with dual functions, which can not only quickly diagnose wound bacterial infection but also provide timely and effective treatment is developed. First, Carborxymethy chitosan (CMCS)‐Protocatechualdehyde (PA)@Fe hydrogels with double dynamic bonds are prepared by chelating PA@Fe with CMCS. Second, the pH‐sensitive Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) optical fibers are integrated into the CMCS‐PA@Fe hydrogels to obtain the pH‐sensitive optical fiber/CMCS‐PA@Fe hydrogels that exhibit good real‐time monitoring of the wound healing process. The tissue adhesion and self‐healing properties of the pH‐sensitive optical fiber/CMCS‐PA@Fe hydrogels can adapt to the movement and stretching of the skin. Meanwhile, with the assistance of the photothermal effect, the hydrogels have a high antibacterial effect (>99.9%). In addition, the pH‐sensitive optical fiber/CMCS‐PA@Fe hydrogels also show an excellent therapeutic effect in the wound infection model. Moreover, reliable and timely wound pH information can be sent to intelligent devices through microcomputers to monitor the healing status. Overall, the pH‐sensitive optical fiber/CMCS‐PA@Fe hydrogels provide an entirely new platform for developing smart, real‐time diagnostics and timely wound treatment.