bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noticias del BID: Vol. 9, no. 7, septiembre 1982
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: January 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Formalization of the meaning. Part 3. Formation of contexts
Authors:   Fund named after Academician Natalia Bekhtereva, St. Petersburg, Russia, Redozubov A.D.
Published: January 2022

The previous parts of this article have attempted to begin describing an approach to building strong artificial intelligence based on sense of information. A model was proposed in which concepts were described through related points of view. The point of view was set as a context that changes the original description to its interpretation. It was shown that the meaningfulness of the interpretation can be judged by its adequacy to the memory of previous experience. The space of contexts is described, which defines a system of concepts that cover a certain subject area. In this part of the article, an algorithm is described that allows you to create an initial system of concepts based on the observable signs of phenomena, and move from it to the contexts corresponding to these concepts. For the space of contexts, a method for creating concept codes is proposed, which allows concept codes to convey the system of their internal proximity, a comparison with convolutional
Analysis of key technologies for creating multisatellite orbital constellations of small spacecraft
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia, Tkachenko I.S.
Published: January 2022

One of the key areas of modern world cosmonautics is the development of cluster space systems for various purposes, consisting of a large number of functioning spacecraft. This became possible due to a decrease in the mass of spacecraft due to the creation and use of new materials, the development of electronics and microelectromechanical systems, the use of the group launch method, the development of multi-agent technologies and inter-satellite communication systems. There are projects of systems consisting of a large number of space objects, such as OneWeb, Planet, Starlink, Satellogic, etc. The main classes of devices used to create such multi-satellite systems are small satellites, including the number of micro (up to 100 kg) and nano (up to 10-15 kg) classes, which have significant advantages over heavy spacecraft, especially in terms of the timing and cost of their creation. The deployment of multi-satellite constellations, including hundreds and thousands of satellites, requires fundamentally new approaches to the creation of spacecraft and the system as a whole at all stages of the life cycle. The article discusses the key technologies used to create multisatellite orbital constellations based on small satellites at different stages of the life cycle - from the early stages of design to the stage of operation and disposal (information from orbit). The experience of a joint project of Samara University and the Progress Rocket and Space Center on the creation of a constellation of small spacecraft of the AIST series is presented.
Young women’s (mother’s) needs and expectations regarding the development of professional competences – A comparative analysis of research results from Poland, Lithuania, Spain and Cyprus
Authors: Garncarek Emilia , Matuszewska-Kubicz Agata
Published: January 2022

Over the last two decades, there has been a significant improvement in the participation of women in education and the labour market in the European Union. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges to improving the situation of women. The excessive burden of household duties is a major barrier to the educational and professional activity of women, especially young women with small children. Apart from the inability to balance work and personal life, other factors limiting women’s professional activity include the mismatch between their education and the challenges of the modern labour market. Although the majority of people with higher education are women, when planning their careers, they tend to choose less attractive courses of study which are not linked to the professions of the future. The text presents the results of an analysis of research on the needs and expectations of young women (mothers) regarding the development of professional competences. The results show in which types of activities raising competences the surveyed women participate; how they evaluate the effectiveness of activities raising their competences in the professional area; what factors influence the decision of women to participate in the selected form of training; what are the attitudes of the external environment of the surveyed women towards their participation in training; what problems the surveyed women encounter in connection with participation in training raising their professional competences. The focus was on similarities and differences in statements of young women (mothers) from Poland, Lithuania, Spain and Cyprus who participating in the international project Mommypreneurs.
Różne sposoby definiowania autyzmu. Przegląd stanowisk
Authors: Drzazga-Lech Maja , Kłeczek Monika , Ir Marta
Published: January 2022

Autyzm jest pojęciem wieloznacznym, nieostrym. W nomenklaturze medycznej kilkakrotnie już zmieniał się jego zakres semantyczny. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby występowania tego pojęcia w klasyfikacjach międzynarodowych DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) i ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems). Cechą wspólną tych definicji jest redukcjonistyczne podejście do pacjenta (jednostki zredukowanej do objawów chorobowych) i myślenie w kategoriach choroby bądź zaburzenia (ASD – Autism Spectrum Disorder). Obecnie istnieją również inne ujęcia autyzmu, o uznanie prawomocności których zabiegają aktorzy społeczni/grupy interesu spoza establishmentu medycznego. W opinii publicznej silnie zakorzenione jest skojarzenie autyzmu z puzzlem bądź kolorem niebieskim spopularyzowane przez fundację Autism Speaks. Ponadto w wydarzeniach medialnych, publikacjach o charakterze popularno-naukowym, naukowym, w tym w literaturze terapeutycznej, coraz częściej występuje określenie „stany ze spektrum autyzmu” (Autism Spectrum Condition). Ukazanie sporu o definicję autyzmu jest istotne, gdyż z argumentacji każdej ze stron wynikają implikacje w stosunku do zdrowia.
​Allelopathic Chemical Screening of Aqueous Extracts of Coir Pith on Seedling Growth of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Mariyappillai Anbarasu , Arumugam Gurusamy , Pillai Swaminathan Chitraputhira , Ramaiah Durai Singh
Published: January 2022

Background: Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) were mostly used as chemical residue indicators for testing the persistence of pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, etc. in the soil. Presently, the coir pith was used as a medium of nursery for many seeds and seedling production. This study evaluated the inhibition effects and screening of allelopathic chemicals from aqueous extracts of coir pith and composting coir pith on the back gram and green gram by response index method and GCMS/MS analysis. Methods: The coir pith and composted coir pith soaked the ratio of 1:10 for 24 hrs, filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The inhibition effect tested for germination and seedling growth of black gram and green gram was sown in poly pots. The carbon: nitrogen ratio and the total organic carbon were analyzed by dry combustion method, Kjeldahl method and GCMS/MS analysis. Result: The phytotoxic substances are present in coir pith, which can be exterminated by composting the coir pith for better growth and development of seedlings. The negative response index (RI), high C: N ratio and chemical compounds like tocopherol, fucoxanthin, tetramethyl heptadeca, dichloroacetamide, tetrazole, hydroxyethyl palmitate, neocurdione and uridine derivations present in raw coir may have the phytotoxic effect and produced yellowing symptoms in young plants compared to composted coir pith. This is exterminated by composting the coir pith for better growth and development of seedlings as well as used for various agricultural and horticultural nurseries.
The Imperfect Democratic Transition in Somalia
Authors: Bincof Mohamed Omar
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors undermining the democratic transition in Somalia. During the first decade of independence, Somalia attempted to institutionalize a multiparty democracy. However, several factors, such as the lack of a clear political ideology, authoritarianism, and the formation of clan-based political parties, led to the decline of democratic practices, followed by a military coup and a protracted civil war. That had a devastating impact on the short and long-term democratic efforts in the country. Thirty years after the collapse of the central government, the country is embroiled in protracted political instability that continues to undermine efforts to establish formal democratic institutions and mechanisms. Apart from the political cleavage among political actors, this paper examines other factors undermining the successful transition to democracy in Somalia. It identifies factors such as the practice of clannism or a clan-based political system, rampant electoral corruption, and the inconsistent role of the international community in supporting the democratization process in Somalia. The paper argues that continuing the indirect elections has blocked the attaining successful democratic transition and stalled the adoption of procedural democracy. In addition, susceptible public institutions and instability have negatively impacted a prolonged transition in Somalia.
¿Esta marca me representa? : Una mirada a los estereotipos de la mujer en la publicidad y su actitud hacia la marca
Authors:   , Mansilla Vera Andrea
Published: January 2022

Los estereotipos de la mujer en la publicidad son un tema de varias décadas de investigación, debido a que viene siendo representada de una manera inferior en roles tradicionales que no se identificarían con el perfil de una mujer en la actualidad, y ocasionaría una actitud desfavorable hacia una marca. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar qué estereotipos de género son percibidos por las mujeres entre 20 y 24 años de edad para generar una percepción favorable de sus actitudes hacia la marca Pilsen Callao en Facebook. Es un estudio cualitativo compuesto por estudiantes mujeres cuyas edades oscilan entre 20 y 24 años, de las carreras de Medicina Humana e Ingeniería Ambiental. La investigación permitió conocer sus perspectivas. Los hallazgos demostraron una percepción favorable sobre roles de la mujer en igualdad de género con un hombre, que las motivaría a interactuar en Facebook y afianzar lazos emocionales con la marca, lo cual estimularía el compromiso del usuario por esa.
Autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes repitentes de nivel secundaria
Authors:   , Marin Velazco Sofia Elena
Published: January 2022

La repetición escolar es un fenómeno escolar percibido, pero no atendido en América Latina, esto se evidencia en la escasa producción científica de la población en relación con las variables autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre la autoeficacia y perspectiva temporal en estudiantes de nivel secundaria que han repetido de año escolar. Realizada con base en un diseño correlacional, se hizo uso de la Escala de Autoeficacia General (Grimaldo, 2005) y el Inventario de perspectiva temporal (Díaz-Morales, 2006). La muestra constó de 157 estudiantes escolares repitentes. Los resultados indican una relación moderada entre autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro (r = 0,48) y pasado positivo (r = 0,32); y una relación pequeña entre autoeficacia y presente hedonista (r = 0,30), pasado negativo (r = 0,22) y presente fatalista (r = 0,27). En conclusión, la relación encontrada entre la autoeficacia y la dimensión futuro refiere una visión positiva sobre las capacidades que posee el estudiante y así considera los problemas futuros como un desafío solucionable. Mientras que la relación entre la autoeficacia y presente fatalista implica que a pesar de tener una actitud negativa y abatida hacia el futuro, esta no afecta la percepción sobre las propias capacidades; así como, la relación entre autoeficacia y pasado negativo constituye que una visión negativa y desfavorable del pasado no implica bajas creencias de la capacidad personal. Por último, se recomienda incrementar la muestra e incluir instituciones privadas.
A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia
Authors: Matenga Chrispin , Hichaambwa Munguzwe
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.
A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran Adebayo B. , Muyanga Milu , Issa Fadlullah O. , Oladeji Oladele
Published: January 2022

The first case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was reported on 27 February 2020. By 30 March 2020, Nigeria had recorded 131 confirmed cases and two deaths. To mitigate the impending health crisis, the Nigerian Government quickly commenced a series of COVID-19 lockdowns across states in Nigeria on 30 March 2020. These lockdowns lasted for three months before a gradual relaxation began on 1 July 2021. However, infection and death cases in the country increased substantially during the months of substantial relaxation of restrictions between October 2020 and March 2021. This paper presents the results of the rapid assessment study in Nigeria between July 2020 and February 2021, which sought to document and understand the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, employment, poverty, and well-being in rural households.
Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Adapting research methods in the context of Covid-19
Authors: Schmidt-Sane Megan , Hrynick Tabitha , Nelson Erica , Barker Tom
Published: January 2022

On 25 November 2021, the CORE Knowledge Translation Services team at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, hosted an online clinic session to facilitate the sharing of experiences and mutual learning on how CORE projects have or can adapt their research activities in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The clinic was attended by 22 CORE members from 12 projects and featured contributions from two CORE projects: The Youth Question in Africa: Impact, Response and Protection Measures in the IGAD Region and A New Digital Deal for an Inclusive Post-Covid-19 Social Compact: Developing Digital Strategies for Social and Economic Reconstruction. This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.
Access To Justice of Citizenship Rights for Stateless Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Children In Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Sopyan Yayan
Published: January 2022

As one of the countries that ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 which was subsequently promulgated into the Child Protection Act, Indonesia is still unsuccessful in protecting children. This mainly occurs in the context of protection illegal migrant workers’ children who were born in the country where their parents work. In Sarawak, Malaysia, for instance, there are 43,445 stateless children. This study aims to portray the stateless children in Sarawak, Malaysia, and the efforts of the Indonesian government to protect their right to access justice. This research is normative-qualitative with observations and in-depth interviews with consultant general staff and Indonesian volunteers In Sarawak as one of the main research methods. The results of this study indicate that stateless condition makes it possible for the children to get other rights, such as education. Meanwhile, the Indonesian government has already made regulations and efforts to provide access to basic human rights for children of stateless migrant workers, including itsbat nikah abroad to legalize unregistered marriage among workers. However, it has not been fully successful because the problems are so complex that it needs to involve several parties, especially the Malaysian government, and plantation owners as employers of the migrant workers. Likewise, harder and more coordinated efforts are also needed to fulfill their citizenship right. (Sebagai salah satu negara yang meratifikasi Konvensi PBB tentang Hak Anak pada 1990 dan kemudian dikristalkan menjadi Undang-undang Perlidungan Anak, Indonesia ternyata belum sepenuhnya berhasil melindungi hak-hak anak. Ini utamanya berlaku dalam konteks perlindungan terhadap anak para buruh migran yang lahir dan tinggal di negara tempat orang tuanya bekerja. Di Sarawak, Malaysia, ada 43.445 anak-anak tanpa kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memotret kondisi anak buruh migran ilegal tanpa kewarganegaraan di Serawak, Malaysia, serta menjelaskan upaya pemerintah Indonesia untuk melindungi hak-hak mereka. Penelitian ini bersifat normatif-kualitatif dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada pegawai Konsulat Jenderal dan relawan Indonesia sebagai salah satu metode penggalian data utamanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status tanpa kewarganegaraan menghalangi anak-anak tersebut mengakses hak-haknya yang lain, semisal pendidikan. Sementara itu, pemerintah Indonesia sudah memiliki beberapa aturan tertulis dan berupaya memberikan akses keadilan bagi anak para buruh migran tersebut, termasuk melalui program itsbat nikah di luar negeri. Namun demikian, situasi belum sepenuhnya terkendali karena permasalahan yang begitu kompleks dan mengharuskan keterlibatan banyak pihak, utamanya pemerintah Malaysia dan para pemilik perkebunan. Perlu juga dilakukan upaya yang lebih keras dan terkordinasi agar hak-hak tersebut dapat terpenuhi.)
Confirmed occurrence and new records of Sciota rhenella (Zincken, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Pyralidae) in Croatia
Authors:   Azuritweg 2, 70619 Stuttgart, Germany, Gumhalter Danijela
Published: January 2022

Three specimens of Sciota rhenella were recorded in July 2021 in Zagreb, northwestern Croatia. Although the species was previously mentioned in the literature for Croatia, its first finding was published without any given information on the locality and date of collection. As far as we know, the only published information on this species is that it is present in the fauna of Croatia. This paper aims at presenting the first data on the localities and dates of collection of S. rhenella in Croatia. By the provision of new, reliable and evidence-based data, the occurrence of S. rhenella in the country is confirmed. Hereby, a contribution to the knowledge of the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna is also given.
Reporting characteristics of systematic review abstracts published in the proceedings of the SBPqO meeting
Authors: Santos William Vinícius de Oliveira , Dotto Lara , Sarkis-Onofre Rafael
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to assess the reporting characteristics of systematic review abstracts published in the proceedings of the Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO) meeting. Methods: We selected abstracts published in the SBPqO meeting proceedings of 2019 and 2020, mentioning that a systematic review was conducted in the title, objective or methods sections. One researcher performed the screening and the data extraction after a pilot test training. The following data were extracted: affiliation of the primary author, dental specialization, the term “systematic review” mentioned in the title, reporting of the objective, reporting of eligibility criteria, reporting of information sources, reporting of the number of included studies and if a meta-analysis was performed. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed with data summarized as frequencies. Results: We included 235 abstracts. A total of 20 studies were from the Universidade de Uberlândia (8.5%), and the main specialization was Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, with 47 studies (20%). Most of the studies mentioned the term “systematic review” in the title (n=219; 93.2%) and reported the objective (n=231; 98.3%). A great majority of studies did not report the eligibility criteria (n=97; 41.3%) or it was classified as unclear (n=96; 40.8%). The great majority of studies only reported the databases searched (n=103; 43.8%) or databases and date of search (n=74; 31.5%). Most of the studies reported the number of included studies (n=204; 86.8%). Conclusion: Based on this study, the reporting characteristics of systematic review abstracts published in the proceedings of the SBPqO meeting are satisfactory. However, there is room for improvement.
El pensamiento de la CEPAL (2009-2018): hacia una estrategia neoestructuralista de desarrollo basada en un enfoque de derechos
Authors: Bárcena Alicia , Bielschowsky Ricardo , Torres Miguel
Published: January 2022

Este artículo ofrece una versión sintetizada de la introducción al libro Desarrollo e igualdad: el pensamiento de la CEPAL en su séptimo decenio. Textos seleccionados del periodo 2008-2018, publicado con motivo de la conmemoración de los 70 años de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en 2018 (Bárcena, Bielschowsky y Torres, 2018). La presente versión captura del texto original esencialmente dos elementos con que la CEPAL expuso, con centralidad en igualdad y justicia social, sus mensajes de transformación estructural con sostenibilidad ambiental: 1) la continuidad en la orientación neoestructuralista, y 2) un conjunto de nuevas formulaciones conceptuales.
Una macroeconomía para el desarrollo. Esbozo de un modelo de crecimiento, inversión y distribución del ingreso
Authors: Abeles Martín , Pérez Caldentey Esteban
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza tres temas centrales de la macroeconomía para el desarrollo: el crecimiento, la inversión y la distribución del ingreso, lo cual combina la perspectiva estructuralista y un enfoque poskeynesiano basado en el tratamiento consistente en flujos y acervos a escala macroeconómica. De acuerdo con dos premisas centrales del pensamiento estructuralista —la teorización a partir de la realidad y el hecho de que la institucionalidad y las relaciones distributivas determinan el comportamiento macroeconómico de una economía—, el artículo argumenta que el desempeño macroeconómico de América Latina y el Caribe se caracteriza por tres hechos estilizados. Éstos son la tendencia hacia el estancamiento en el crecimiento económico; el aumento del endeudamiento, y la elevada desigualdad al tener en cuenta sus tres dimensiones (las distribuciones personal y funcional del ingreso, y la distribución de la riqueza). El enfoque poskeynesiano analiza el comportamiento macroeconómico en relación con los balances financieros para el sector gobierno, el sector corporativo no financiero y el sector externo, lo que permite identificar aquellos que impulsan o desalientan el crecimiento económico. Este enfoque se superpone sobre una clasificación de países por estructura productiva/exportadora y subregional.
The interdependence of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in an Emerging economy
Authors: Bucacos Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

This article's main goal is to evaluate the degree of fiscal dominance in Uruguay in 1999-2019 to improve the understanding of economic policy for theoretical reasons and applied needs related to good practices and accountability. Two strategies are followed: one, to quantify the fraction of fiscal expenditures that are financed by monetary liabilities and, the other one, to analyze the effects of fiscal deficit on the price level and inflation because inflationary financing may prevent the central bank from reaching its inflation target. Both situations may subordinate the monetary policy to the fiscal policy, signaling fiscal dominance. In addition, through the analysis performed to assess the degree of fiscal dominance, it is possible to detect the main determining factors of the Uruguayan price level (inflation) formation during the last two decades. So far, preliminary results suggest that inflation is not exclusively a monetary phenomenon and point to some inflationary financing with a mild degree of fiscal dominance.
Quantifying Nature Positive
Authors: Vlieg Anna-Mieke Mathilde , Moazzem Shadia , Naiker Direshni , Jones Delwyn Gloria
Published: January 2022

To become mainstream, Nature Positive development needs positive messaging, measures and metrics to guide, plan and assess urban outcomes. With accelerating climate crisis and negative messages getting the upper-hand, it is important to avoid paralysis by bad news. Whilst striving for a nature positive world, more effort should be on moving beyond zero to qualify and quantify benefits, gains and regenerative outcomes instead of around damage and loss sticking points. Life Cycle Benefit Assessment (LCBA) methods measure gains in accelerating regeneration and climate security that enables a good news focus. Its reach beyond negative quantifies and shows positive gain beyond zero loss outcomes. The aims are to clarify concepts, challenges and quantitative methods then review real-world 3rd party Certified nature positive case studies. Climate security, human wellness and resource viability gains inside safe operating space within planetary boundaries are quantified as positive benefits. contrary to conventional Life Impact Cycle Impact Assessment LCBA assigns damage losses as negatives debts and benefit gains as positive savings. It concludes that LCBA remains under development with more research needed to model economic outcomes.
AI Video Editing: a Survey
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Li Yanghao , Han Yuxing , Wen Jiangtao
Published: January 2022

Video editing is a high-required job, for it requires skilled artists or workers equipped with plentiful physical strength and multidisciplinary knowledge, such as cinematography, aesthetics. Thus gradually, more and more researches focus on proposing semi-automatical and even fully automatical solutions to reduce workloads. Since those conventional methods are usually designed to follow some simple guidelines, they lack flexibility and capability to learn complex ones. Fortunately, the advances of computer vision and machine learning make up the shortages of traditional approaches and make AI editing feasible. There is no survey to conclude those emerging researches yet. This paper summaries the development history of automatic video editing, and especially the applications of AI in partial and full workflows. We emphasizes video editing and discuss related works from multiple aspects: modality, type of input videos, methology, optimization, dataset, and evaluation metric. Besides, we also summarize the progresses in image editing domain, i.e., style transferring, retargeting, and colorization, and seek for the possibility to transfer those techniques to video domain. Finally, we give a brief conclusion about this survey and explore some open problems.
LAS DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LA EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA Y VIRTUAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, NARANJO SANDRA
Published: January 2022

The article presents the conceptual differences around distance and virtual educational modalities in Colombia, analyzing the legal context under Law 30 of 1992 and Decree 1295 of 2010 that established two modalities in distance education: traditional distance and distance education. In addition, Decree 1075 of 2015 and 1280 of 2018 as a regulatory framework for higher education and its modalities, on the other hand, a historical journey is made highlighting the incidence of technological development, the use of ICT, offer of programs and indicators evaluation of the quality of both modalities.
Know the Person, Not Just the Disease
Authors: Lopez Joanna , Miller Melissa , Corral Cynthia
Published: January 2022

Orthopaedic surgery is one of the least diverse fields of medicine. According to the 2018 American Academy of Orthopaedic Sugeons census, orthopaedic surgeons are 93% male and 85% White. The predominance of people who have long-held power and privilege in society highlights the importance of cultural humility and cultural competence in musculoskeletal medicine. In this article, we present 3 patient experiences that highlight the influence of social and cultural factors: ethnicity, occupation, and environment. Health care professionals can expand their understanding of culture and increase awareness of their own cultural identity, which improves team bonding and camaraderie. Knowledge and training in cultural humility can improve care. Having diverse expertise present in 1 facility is more conducive to comprehensive treatment of the whole patient. This may help reduce health disparities, improve access to better care, increase health literacy, and promote health equity.
Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Wahyuni Akhtim
Published: January 2022

Puji syukur kepada Allah Swt. atas limpahan rahmat dan kasih sayangNya sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan buku ‘Pendidikan Karakter ‘Membentuk Pribadi Positif dan Unggul di Sekolah’ ini dan dapat terbit untuk memperkaya referensi tentang Pendidikan Karakter. Pendidikan karakter menjadi tema penting saat ini untuk mengatasi persoalan-persoalan sosial yang kerap melanda negara ini. Ia menjadi alternatif solusi yang perlu dilestarikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak terkecuali di lembaga pendidikan, yang notabene sebagai wadah penggodokan tiga ranah tingkah laku; kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Sekolah dipandang sebagai lahan yang efektif untuk membentuk pribadi positif anak, setelah keluarga. Pribadi positif yang terbangun dari proses pembiasaan karakter di sekolah diantaranya: Mampu menilai diri sendiri secara realisitik, Menerima tanggung jawab, kemandirian, dapat mengontrol emosi, berorientasi  tujuan, penerimaan sosial, berbahagia, dan lainnya. Ini semua dapat terwujud jika semua stakeholder dilibatkan untuk mengawal dan menjalankan, dan mengevaluasi semua proses ini sehingga menjadi budaya positif di sekolah.Buku Pendidikan Karakter ini melengkapi buku-buku yang telah ada, untuk memperkaya konsep dan wawasan tentang Pendidikan Karakter. Pengalaman penulis di dunia pendidikan dan sebagai tenaga pengajar di Perguruan Tinggi serta peneliti dalam bidang pendidikan dan sosial banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam penulisan, sehingga buku ini terwujud. Penulis menyadari bahwa buku ini masih banyak kekurangan baik dari sisi konseptual maupun aplikasi. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran konstruktif selalu penulis harapkan untuk kesempurnaan buku ini. Tidak lupa penulis sampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam berbagai bentuk demi terselesaikannya buku ini. Semoga buku ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, Managerial Accounting and Manufacturing SMEs Satisfaction
Authors: Abdulkarim Kanaan-Jebna  , Ahamd Suhaimi Baharudi  , Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah
Published: January 2022

From a management accounting perspective, this study aims at examining the relations of entrepreneurial and market orientations and SMEs satisfaction in terms of financial and non-financial performance. SEM was conducted on 107 responses including management accountants from the manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia. The results reveal a null relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial-performance satisfaction, while it shows a positive impact on non-financial performance. In contrast, market orientation affects financial and non-financial performance positively. However, to understand the null impacts, interviews were conducted with owner-managers of manufacturing SMEs in Penang. Based on the interviews and the analysis, practical implications are provided to entrepreneurs of SMEs, the Malaysian government, and researchers.
Peran Moderasi Komitmen Profesional terhadap Perilaku Reduksi Kualitas Audit Periode Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Arfiana Dewi  , Dwi Kartikasari Evi
Published: January 2022

The aims of this study was to examine the effect of time budget pressure and locus of control on the behavior of auditors performing audit quality reduction behavior in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. In addition, to find out profesional commitment to moderate the effect of time budget pressure and locus of control on audit quality reduction behavior in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study are auditors who work in Public Accounting Firms, the sampling method used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 64 respondents who collected data using google form. Data analysis used multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). This study found that external locus of control had a positive effect on audit quality reduction behavior and the moderating role of profesional commitment was not supported. This study implies that auditors can adapt to current conditions except for auditors who have an external locus of control and policy makers can pay attention to this.
EFFECT OF COATING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL QUALITY OF FRESH HEN EGG DURING STORAGE
Authors: Hayuningtyas Maulida , Winarti Christina , Kailaku Sari Intan , Hoerudin Hoerudin
Published: January 2022

Hen egg is the most consumed animal food due to its high nutritional content, affordable and easy to obtain. However, eggs have the disadvantage for their short shelf life of about 7 days at room temperature. An effort to extend the shelf life of eggs including storing at low temperatures and/or coating. The research objective was to determine changes in the physical quality and morphology of chicken eggs coated with two material coating stored at room (25–29 °C) and AC/low (18–22 °C) temperature. The treatments tested were two kinds of coatings, namely gelatin and lime solution, and two storage temperature conditions, namely room and low temperature for 30 days. The study was conducted with three replications, each replication was observed on 5 eggs. The parameters observed were weight loss, Egg white index, Egg yolk index, air cavity, Haugh Unit and surface morphology. The results showed that at the end of storage for 30 days the eggs quality still met the SNI standards I to III. AC storage temperature was better than room temperature. The egg treated with coating produced better quality than without coating. The longer the storage, the lower the weight loss, HU, IPT and IKT. The best treatment was gelatin coating stored at AC temperature.
El telar de los antiguos:
Authors: Viera Mendoza Sara Milagros
Published: January 2022

El testimonio quechua se ha estudiado desde las categorías propuestas por la academia norteamericana y latinoamericana. Esta perspectiva ayudó a entender los conflictos y tensiones que se generan durante su realización y la dimensión estético-política en la que pareció. Pero no explica por qué en estos textos encontramos mitos, hualinas[1], watuchikuna (adivinanzas), simbolismo de las plantas (papa, maíz), de los animales, entre otras nociones acerca de la salud, la enfermedad, la distribución social, el ayni, entre otros. Por eso, desde una perspectiva culturalista, en este artículo nos proponemos encontrar la noción de testimonio que posee el runa[2]. Luego, a partir de ella, demostrar que el testimonio quechua es un telar, un tipo de texto que evidencia su creatividad escrituraria porque construye una multiplicidad de imágenes-tejidos, y cómo esta práctica encuentra correspondencia con la escritura en el sentido amplio de la voz quechua quillca[3].
[1] Las hualinas son cantos tradicionales que se entonan cuando se realiza el trabajo comunitario durante la Fiesta del agua.
[2] Emplearemos el término runa (singular) y runakuna (plural) y no la traducción literal de persona o gente porque runa alude al ayllu comunitario y el sentido se perdería si reemplazo la palabra por la traducción literal.
[3] En este trabajo, apelaremos a la voz quillca y no qillqay, término más actualizado por los diccionarios quechuas contemporáneos, debido a que estamos asumiendo la densidad semántica que el término posee y que consta en los antiguos diccionarios quechuas, como en el Lexicón o vocabulario de la lengua general del Perú de Domingo de Santo Tomás (1560).
CYP2D6 Genotyping for Personalized Therapy of Tamoxifen in Indonesian Women with ER+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Maggadani Baitha Palanggatan , Junusmin Kathleen Irena , Sani Levana L. , Mahendra Caroline , Amelia Margareta , Gabriella Gabriella , Irwanto Astrid , Chan Alexandre , Harmita Harmita , Harahap Yahdiana , Haryono Samuel J.
Published: January 2022

PurposeTamoxifen, common adjuvant therapy prescribed in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, is metabolized by CYP2D6 enzyme into endoxifen. The phenotypes of CYP2D6, a highly polymorphic gene, vary from ultrarapid (UM), normal (NM), intermediate (IM), and poor metabolizers (PM). Studies showed that reduced CYP2D6 activity in IMs and PMs resulted in lower endoxifen level, thereby reducing therapy efficacy. This study aims to observe the distribution of CYP2D6 profiles and their corresponding endoxifen levels in Indonesian ER+ breast cancer patients.Methods151 patients who have received tamoxifen therapy for ≥8 weeks were recruited prospectively. DNA and blood samples were collected with buccal swab and finger-prick methods, respectively. Genotyping was performed using the qPCR method while metabolites measurement was performed using HPLC-tandem MS. Patients with IM/PM CYP2D6 profile were advised to increase their tamoxifen dose or switch to aromatase inhibitor, while patients with UM or NM CYP2D6 profile remained on 20 mg daily dose. Tamoxifen metabolites levels of those given 40 mg/day of tamoxifen were measured eight weeks post dose adjustment.ResultsWe found that 40.7% of patients recruited were IM. CYP2D6*10 was the most abundant allele (28.8%) and *10/*36 was the most frequently observed diplotype (23.6%). Endoxifen levels between the NM-PM, NM-IM, and IM-PM were statistically significant, and dose increase of tamoxifen successfully increased endoxifen levels in IMs to a similar level with NMs at baseline.ConclusionIndonesian women have a relatively high proportion of IMs. The correlation between CYP2D6 genotype and phenotype was shown in the significant difference in endoxifen levels among NMs, IMs, and PMs. Dose adjustment of tamoxifen to 40 mg daily positively increased endoxifen levels in IMs to a similar level as NMs. Implementing pharmacogenomics testing of CYP2D6 on ER+ breast cancer women taking tamoxifen can potentially increase the likelihood of achieving better treatment efficacy.Trial RegistrationThe trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 18 March 2020 with identifier NCT04312347 (accessible at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04312347).
Pattern of Nutritional status in Node Negative versus Node Positive Head and Neck Cancer patients undergoing treatment - a prospective cohort study
Authors: Arora Anshika , Saini Sunil , Gupta Meenu
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to study the nutritional profile of node negative and node positive patients undergoing treatment for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).
Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Patients diagnosed with HNSCC, planned for treatment were enrolled after written informed consent. In Node negative(N0) and Node positive(N+) cohorts of patients, nutritional status was determined using- anthropometric measures and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale pre-treatment, during and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, p value of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results

161 patients were analyses, 73 N0 and 88 N+ cohorts. Pre-treatment, 9.6 to 20.4% patients in N0 and 23.9 to 32.8% patients in N+ cohorts were malnourished. Incidence of malnutrition at completion of treatment was 40.8–52.5% overall, 20.5–41.1% N0, 39.5–62.8% N+. Mean reduction in weight (11.1% ±7.82 v/s 6.26% ±8.3, p=0.000), mean reduction in BMI (2.57 ±1.87 v/s 1.29 ±1.62, p=0.000), median reduction in MUAC (2cm v/s 1cm, p=0.000) and median increase in SGA score were higher (13 v/s 6, p=0.000) in multi-modality as compared to single modality treatment. Similar findings were noted in N0 and N+ cohorts.
Conclusion

As compared to N0, N+ patients had higher burden of malnutrition at diagnosis, more worsening of nutritional parameters during treatment. More decline in Nutritional status was seen in patients receiving multi-modality as compared to single modality treatment.
Trigonometric Fmn-Transform of Multi-Variable Functions and Its Application to the Partial Differential Equations and Image Processing
Authors: Alikhani Robab , Perfilieva Irina , Ganjeh-Alamdari M.
Published: January 2022

In this study, we focus on the extension of the trigonometric F m-transform technique for functions with one-variable in order to improve its approximation properties at the end points of [a,b] and then generalize the extended trigonometric Fm -transform technique to functions with more variables. The approximation and convergence properties of the direct and inverse multi-variable extended trigonometric Fm -transforms are discussed. The applicability of multi-variable trigonometric F m -transforms to approximate multi-variable functions are illustrated by some examples. Moreover, some direct formulas for the multi-variable extended trigonometric Fm -transforms of partial derivatives of multi-variable functions are obtained and they are applied to solving the Cauchy problem of the transport equation. Also, the application of multi-variable extended trigonometric Fm -transforms for image compression is described. Some examples for the validity of the obtained results about the partial differential equations and image compression are given. The results are compared with some existence ones in the literature.
Bioavailability Enhancement of Vitamin E TPGS Coated Liposomes of Nintedanib Esylate Formulation Developed Using Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Kala Shabari Girinath , Chinni Santhivardhan
Published: January 2022

PurposeNintedanib esylate (NE) is a kinase inhibitor designated for the cure of non-small cell lung cancer suffers from first-pass metabolism which resulted in low oral bioavailability (~4.7%). The intent of this exploration was to increase the oral bioavailability of NE by means of TPGS coated liposomes. MethodsThe NE-loaded TPGS coated liposomes were formulated by high-speed homogenization by optimizing process parameters like phospholipids: cholesterol molar ratio, drug loading and sonication time through the design of experiments. The drug's behaviour was studied using a variety of techniques, including physicochemical characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo studies. ResultsThe NE-liposomes had a particle size of 125±6.68 nm, entrapment efficiency of 88.64±4.12% and zeta potential of +46±2.75 mV. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that NE had been converted to an amorphous state, while transmission electron microscope images showed spherical shape and smooth coating of TPGS on surface of liposomes. The formulation showed Higuchi kinetics with sustained drug release of 88.72 ± 3.40% in 24 hours. Cellular uptake of C-6 labelled liposomes was observed in A-549 cells and cytotoxicity testing revealed that NE-liposomes were more effective than marketed formulation Ofev®. Formulation remained in simulated fluids and for three months in stability chamber and. Liposomal oral bioavailability was ~6.23 times greater in sprague dawley male rats compared to marketed formulation Ofev®, according to in-vivo pharmacokinetic data. ConclusionNE-Liposomal formulations are better for oral administration compared to the marketed capsules because of the prolonged drug release and increased oral bioavailability as a result, the developed formulation can become a successful strategy in cancer chemotherapy.
Novel Splice-Site and Missense Variant of PNPLA6 in an Austrian Family Causing Spastic Paraplegia-39 with Cerebellar Oculomotor Disorder
Authors: Viertauer Sebastian , Kurth Ingo , Eggermann Katja , Eggers Christian
Published: January 2022

Background The term hereditary spastic paraplegia comprises an ever-expanding array of neurological disorders with distinct aetiologies. Spastic paraplegia 39 is one of the many variants with additional features of other organs and neurological systems. We describe a large kindred with two hitherto undescribed mutations of PNPLA6 and a novel clinical phenotype as, in addition to spastic paraplegia, affected subjects suffered from a prominent cerebellar oculomotor dysfunction. Methods Three of five genetically tested family members of a large kindred were affected by spastic gait and cerebellar oculomotor dysfunction. Clinical, imaging, laboratory and electrophysiological data were analyzed. Genetic analysis was done using next-generation sequencing. Segregation analyses were performed by Sanger sequencing. To assess the pathogenicity of genetic variants on the encoded protein, in silico assessments were carried out. Results Two hitherto unknown sequence variants in the PNPLA6 gene, a splice-site variant c.1635+3G>T and a missense variant c.3401A>T, p.(Asp1134Val), were detected. Compound-heterozygous siblings presented with lower limb spasticity and a marked cerebellar oculomotor disorder accompanied by moderate hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in the female. A paternal uncle being homozygous for the splice-site variant of PNPLA6 presented with increased lower limb reflexes, an unstable gait and cerebellar oculomotor dysfunction. Treatment with 4-aminopyridin, a potassium channel blocker, lead to meaningful improvement of clinical symptoms. Conclusion PNPLA6 gene variants are associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum to which we add cerebellar oculomotor dysfunction. In our kindred, the full clinical manifestation only occurred in compound-heterozygous subjects indicating that biallelic pathogenic variants lead to more serious and earlier onset of symptoms. Our findings emphasize the role of PNPLA6 in different neurodegenerative disorders.