bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cornea oct signal changes in cases of eye damage caused by self-defense gas weapons
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Kacherovich P.A. ,   Military Medical Academy named after A.I. S.M. Kirov",   , St. Petersburg., Kulikov A.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Military Medical Academy named after A.I. S.M. Kirov", St. Petersburg.
Published: October 2022

In the conditions of the modern world order, studies on gas weapons are increasingly appearing in medical periodicals. To date, self-defense gas weapons and special means, with various modifications of the delivery methods of gas weapon components, which are in service with law enforcement agencies, are allowed to be used. Despite the increasing interest in this issue, the development of diagnostic algorithms for the examination of these patients is not found in the articles. In the presented article, we consider the question of the informativeness of optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of lesions of the rabbit cornea with gas self-defense weapons in experimental conditions. We have identified changes in the reflexivity of the signal from the corneal tissues that correlate with the clinical manifestations of eye lesions and their dynamics during therapy. Changes in the structure of the cornea have been confirmed by pathomorphological studies. We have shown that optical coherence tomography is a highly sensitive method of examining the cornea in cases of damage to the organ of vision with a gas self-defense weapon, which allows tracking the development of the lesion in dynamics. Based on the results of the work carried out, it can be concluded that the use of optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment in affected laboratory animals is quite acceptable and effective. Keywords: the eye trauma, gas weapon of self-defense, chemical eye burn, the ocular trauma, non-lethal weapon, optical coherence tomography, oleoresin capsoicin, ortochlorbenziloidenmalonodinitrile, cornea burn.
Trans-PRK: resume
Authors:   Limited Liability Company ", Miagkikh A.I. ,   Ost-Optik K",   , Vladivostok
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Based on more than 20 years of use of the excimer laser system "Profil-500" with a Gaussian broad beam, to demonstrate the expansion of the possibilities of laser correction of myopia. Material and methods. More than 10 thousand operations have been performed to correct myopia and complex myopic astigmatism. Postoperative follow-up included a survey on well-being, reaction to the exposure and the quality of the received vision. Statistical processing revealed and justified the distinctive features of the «Транс-ФРК®» methodology. Results. A reduction in the duration of postoperative pain syndrome has been achieved. Rapid and high-quality postoperative corneal epithelialization is observed, which reduces the likelihood of regression of the result obtained and the occurrence of postoperative haze. The effect of increasing the postoperative thickness of the cornea without refractive regression was revealed. The fact of unusually high visual acuity was found after the first stage of correction of very high myopia. The multifocal optical profile allows older patients to delay the need for spectacle correction of presbyopia by an average of 5 to 7 years. Conclusion. The Russian Trans-PRK technology is quite consistent with the term "breakthrough", allowing you to significantly expand the possibilities of laser correction of myopia. Methods of carrying out the operation are patented. The technique is individualized by the registration of the trademark «Транс-ФРК®». Keywords: laser correction of myopia, epithelialization, multifocality, Trans-PRK, corneal thickness, pain syndrome, spheroequivalent, visual acuity, keratotopogram.
Photorefractive keratectomy as a priority method of correction of residual ametropia
Authors:   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Sadrutdinov R.S. , Burilov K.B. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Ivannikov A.E. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Karpeev S.A. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk, Chernykh V.V. ,   The S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To show the effectiveness and safety of the correction of residual ametropia by the PRK method after previously performed keratorefractive operations LASIK, FemtoLASIK, ReLEx SMILE. Material and methods. All patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 – previously performed LASIK surgery with insufficient stroma thickness under the valve and patients with unknown parameters of the corneal flap operated in third-party clinics 35 patients (50 eyes), age 46.3 ± 21.9 years, the value of the spherical equivalent – 2.41 ± 1.45. Group 2 – patients after femtolasik 6 patients (6 eyes), age 30 ± 8.3 years, spherical equivalent value – 1.83 ± 0.76. Group 3 – patients after ReLExSMILE 8 patients (11 eyes), age 33 ± 4.4 years, spherical equivalent value – 0.88 ± 0.66. The minimum period after the initial keratorefractive surgery was 1 year, the maximum follow-up period was 4 years. Results. When analyzing the results 6 months after the operation of photorefractive keratectomy: group 1 – the value of the spherical equivalent – 0.26 ± 0.46; group 2 – 0.11 ± 0.2; group 3 – 0.19 ± 0.34. In Group 1, 4 patients (5 eyes) had a loss of lines (3 patients (4 eyes) – 1 line, 1 patient (1 eye) – 2 lines) of maximum visual acuity, all other patients had UDVA to CDVA before the operation of PRK. In groups 2 and 3, the maximum figures of visual acuity were taught. Conclusions. The use of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy allows to obtain high clinical and functional results, is a safe, easy-to-perform, universal and highly effective method of correcting residual ametropias after various previously performed keratorefractive operations. Keywords: PRK, PRK after LASIK, PRK after FemtoLASIK, PRK after SMILE.
Urban planning practice of development of specially protected green areas of «New Moscow»
Authors: Баранова Ольга Юрьевна , Воронина Наталия Борисовна
Published: October 2022

К рубежу ХХ-ХХI веков Москва пришла с хорошо проработанной нормативно-методической базой по «зеленому строительству», была обеспечена юридическая поддержка охраны московских природных и озелененных территорий. Необходимость решения новых задач по сохранению природных объектов появилась при расширении границ Московского мегаполиса за счет присоединения областных территорий. Так, в составе новых площадей столицы оказались бывшие земли лесного фонда Московской области, региональными правовыми актами был установлен их статус как «особо охраняемых зеленых территорий» (ООЗТ) города. По прошествии 10 лет подведены итоги функционирования объектов, получивших новую природоохранную категорию «ООЗТ».

By the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, Moscow came with a well-developed regulatory and methodological framework for «green construction», legal support for the protection of Moscow‘s natural and green areas was provided. The need to solve new tasks for the preservation of natural objects appeared with the expansion of the boundaries of the Moscow metropolis due to the annexation of regional territories. Thus, the former lands of the forest fund of the Moscow Region turned out to be part of the new squares of the capital, regional legal acts established their status as «specially protected green territories» (SPGT) of the city. After 10 years, the results of the functioning of facilities that received a new environmental category «SPGT» have been summed up.
Optimal size and filling of dog walking areas
Authors: Мирзянова Карина Ринатовна
Published: October 2022

В статье определяются оптимальные размеры площадок по выгулу собак для разных типов общественных пространств в городе. Определены принципы выявления оптимальных размеров на основе анализа зарубежной научной литературы и градостроительной документации, которые подходят для таких пространств, как сад квартала, сад микрорайона и парк планировочного района. С опорой на идеи Лорела Аллена [11] анализируется минимально необходимое наполнение площадок для выгула собак с учетом потребностей животных и их владельцев и радиуса обслуживания площадки. Сделан вывод о необходимости классификации площадок по размерам и оптимальному их расположению в условиях сложившейся городской застройки.

The article determines the optimal sizes of dog walking areas for different types of public spaces in the city. The principles for identifying the optimal sizes are determined, based on the analysis of foreign scientific literature and urban planning documentation, which are suitable for such spaces as the garden of the quarter, the garden of the micro-district and the park of the planning area. Based on the ideas of Laurel Allen [11], the minimum required filling of dog walking areas is analyzed, taking into account the needs of animals and their owners and the service radius of the site. It is concluded that it is necessary to classify the sites according to their size and their optimal location in the conditions of the existing urban development.
Civil architecture of the Vyatka province during the reign of Nicholas I
Authors: Гильдина Татьяна Александровна , Курочкин Михаил Валентинович
Published: October 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию архитектурного наследия Вятской губернии времени правления Николая I. На примере анализа проектных чертежей рассматриваются тенденции и направления в гражданской архитектуре Вятской губернии второй четверти и середины XIX в. Исследование опирается на обширный корпус архивных источников, выявленных в ходе работы в крупнейших архивах России. Большая часть анализируемых документов вводится в научный оборот впервые и в итоге позволяет создать целостную картину эволюции гражданской архитектуры Вятской губернии первой половины и середины XIX в.

This paper is presents to the architectural heritage of the Vyatka province during the reign of Nicholas I. We studied archival drawings and identified trends and directions in the civil architecture of the Vyatka province of the second quarter and the middle of the 19th century. The study is based on an extensive corpus of archival sources collected in the largest archives of Russia. Most of the analyzed documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. This research a complete picture of the evolution of the civil architecture of the Vyatka province in the first half and middle of the 19th century.
РАЗРАБОТКА РЕЦЕПТУРЫ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ДЕСЕРТА В ВИДЕ ЖЕЛЕ НА РАСТИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОСНОВЕ
Authors: Рядинская Антонина Александровна , Кощаев Иван Александрович , Чуев Сергей Александрович , Лавриненко Кристина Витальевна
Published: October 2022

В работе приведены результаты исследований по разработке рецептуры десерта в виде желе на растительной основе с функциональными свойствами. Сформированы четыре рецептуры продукта с внесением сахара или сиропа шиповника, на основе коровьего молока или его растительного заменителя. Выработаны пробные образцы десерта в виде желе. В соответствии с общепринятыми методиками проведена оценка качественных характеристик продукта. Проанализированы данные пищевой и энергетической ценности, минеральный и витаминный состав образцов десерта в виде желе. Наибольшее количество белков зафиксировано в порции (220 г) десерта молочного с шиповником – 7,06±0,37 г, жиров и энергии – десерта кокосового с шиповником – 46,93±2,35 г и 596,41± 29,81 кКал соответственно, углеводов – десерта молочного с сахаром – 56,16±2,81 г. Наивысшая насыщенность витаминами определена у десерта молочного с шиповником, минералами – десерта кокосового с шиповником. Проведена дегустационная оценка продукта. Балльная оценка составила 23 ед. у десертов в виде желе на основе растительного заменителя молока, 24-25 ед. – на основе коровьего молока. Установлены оптимальные условия хранения продукта: 5 сут. при температуре от +2 до +4оС. Обоснована возможность изготовления в промышленном масштабе разработанных десертов в виде желе для расширения ассортимента подобных продуктов.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКА ДЛЯ ДИСПЕРГИРОВАНИЯ И СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ВОДНО-ДИСПЕРСНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ МЯСОРАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПАШТЕТОВ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ УТИЛИТАРНОСТЬЮ БЕЛКОВ
Authors: Агальцева Наталья Сергеевна , Егорова Елена Юрьевна , Кузьмина Светлана Сергеевна , Цыганок Сергей Николаевич
Published: October 2022

Технологии производства паштетов позволяют комбинировать разнообразное по пищевой ценности сырье, вносить дефицитные физиологически функциональные ингредиенты. При этом паштеты обладают текстурными характеристиками, приемлемыми для любой возрастной категории потребителей, что делает эти продукты перспективными для модификации. К наиболее важным технологическим задачам при производстве паштетов относятся обеспечение характерной текстуры и гарантий её стабильности в процессе хранения. Ультразвуковое кавитационное воздействие считается эффективным в загущении и стабилизации пищевых систем, повышении их кинематической вязкости и плотности, что обусловило выбор метода гомогенизации в представленной работе. При разработке новых мясорастительных паштетов в качестве растительного компонента использована мука из полуобезжиренного амарантового, тыквенного и кунжутного жмыхов, из животного сырья – механически измельченная вареная куриная грудка и сухое цельное молоко. Для создания кавитации применяли аппарат серии «Волна», УЗТА-0,4/22-ОМ. Рабочие параметры эксперимента: гидромодуль 1:5, температура 70 ºС, разовый обрабатываемый объем 250 мл; продолжительность воздействия 30 с и интенсивность ультразвукового воздействия 16 Вт/см2. Установлено, что комбинирование растительного и животного сырья в соответствии с разработанной авторами рецептурой и применение рекомендуемых режимов ультразвукового воздействия обеспечивают необходимые структурно-механические свойства продукта. Комплексный анализ пищевой ценности новых мясорастительных паштетов свидетельствует об их более высокой сбалансированности по основным пищевым компонентам и улучшении значений показателей, характеризующих усвояемость белка, по сравнению с реализуемыми мясорастительными паштетами.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ РЫНКА ВТОРИЧНЫХ СЫРЬЕВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
Authors: Кручинин Александр Г. , Бигаева Алана В. , Туровская Светлана Н. , Илларионова Елена Е.
Published: October 2022

Молочная промышленность ежегодно производит миллионы тонн молочной сыворотки. На сегодняшний день статистические данные по производству молочной сыворотки сильно разнятся, что не позволяет дать полномасштабную оценку реальным объемам ее выпуска. Расхождение в статистических данных различных международных аналитических агентств связано с отсутствием стандартизованных алгоритмов подсчета, разночтениями в товарно-номенклатурной классификации и влиянием особенностей учета вторичного молочного сырья. Исходя из этого, целью исследований было применение квантитативного анализа, как альтернативного подхода для оценки объемов производства вторичных сырьевых ресурсов. В статье приведены данные по объемам производства молочной сыворотки в аспекте мирового, европейского и российского рынков. Крупнейшими производителями молочной сыворотки являются страны, входящие в Евросоюз (75,98 млн. т), США (35,83 млн. т) и Российская Федерация (7,97 млн. т). Ожидается, что положительные тенденции мирового потребления сыра и творога в трехлетней перспективе приведут к росту объемов производства сыворотки на 6,4 млн.т. Анализ структуры российского рынка молочной сыворотки показал преобладание подсырной и творожной сыворотки с годовым объемом производства 4,15 и 3,82 млн. т соответственно. Кроме того, в результате проведенных исследований выявлен ряд вторичных продуктов, схожих по технологическим параметрам производства с молочной сывороткой, но не подпадающих под действие терминологического аппарата ТР ТС 033/2013 «О безопасности молока и молочной продукции», составляющих около 20% от всего объема производства молочной сыворотки в Российской Федерации.
Testing the Limits of Imbalanced CPET Reactivity: Mechanistic Crossover in H-atom Abstraction by Co(III)-oxo Complexes
Authors: Zhao Norman , Goetz McKenna , Schneider Joseph , Anderson John
Published: October 2022

Transition metal-oxo complexes are key intermediates in a variety of oxidative transformations, notably C–H bond activation. The rela-tive rate of C–H bond activation mediated by transition metal-oxo complexes is typically predicated on substrate bond dissociation free energy in cases with a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). However, recent work has demonstrated that alternative stepwise thermodynamic contributions such as acidity/basicity or redox po-tentials of the substrate/metal-oxo may dominate in some cases. In this context we have found basicity-governed concerted activation of C–H bonds with the terminal CoIII-oxo complex PhB(tBuIm)CoIIIO. We have been interested in testing the limits of such basicity-dependent reactivity and have synthesized an analo-gous, more basic complex, PhB(AdIm)CoIIIO, and studied its reactiv-ity with H-atom donors. This complex displays a higher degree of imbalanced CPET reactivity than PhB(tBuIm)CoIIIO with C–H substrates and O–H activation of phenol substrates displays mechanistic crossover to stepwise PTET reactivity. Analysis of the thermodynamics of PT and ET reveal a distinct thermodynamic crossing point between concerted and stepwise reactivity. Further-more, the relative rates of stepwise and concerted reactivity suggest that maximally imbalanced systems provide the fastest CPET rates up to the point of mechanistic crossover which results in slower prod-uct formation.
Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Time-Resolved In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions
Authors: Michalchuk Adam , Guilherme Buzanich Ana , Cakir C. Tufan , Radtke Martin , Haider M. Bilal , Emmerling Franziska , de Oliveira Paulo F. M.
Published: October 2022

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides a unique, atom-specific tool to probe the electronic structure of solids. By surmounting long-held limitations of powder-based XAS using a dynamically averaged powder in a Resonant Acoustic Mixer (RAM), we demonstrate how time-resolved in situ (TRIS) XAS provides unprecedented detail of mechanochemical synthesis. The use of a custom-designed dispersive XAS (DXAS) set-up allows us to increase the time resolution over existing fluorescence measurements from ca. 15 min to 2 sec, for a complete absorption spectrum. Hence, we here establish TRIS-XAS as a viable method for studying mechanochemical reactions and sampling reaction kinetics. The generality of our approach is demonstrated through RAM-induced (i) bottom-up Au nanoparticle mechanosynthesis, and (ii) synthesis of a prototypical metal organic framework, ZIF-8. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach also works with the addition of a stainless steel milling ball, opening the door to using TRIS-DXAS for following conventional ball milling reactions. We expect our TRIS-DXAS approach will become an essential part of the mechanochemical tool box.
Role of Cation-π Interactions in the Phase Behavior and Thermodynamics of Complex Coacervates
Authors: Huang Jun , Knight Lexi , Laaser Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Cation-π interactions have been suggested to play an important role in polyelectrolyte complex coacervation, but quantifying their contributions has proven difficult. To address this problem, we synthesized polycations and polyanions with welldefined aromatic content via post-polymerization modification of poly(N-acryloxy succinimide), and investigated the stability of both aromatic and non-aromatic complexes in the presence of inorganic salts with different expected cation-π interaction strengths. Optical turbidity and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments revealed that the stability and enthalpic favorability of complexation of the aromatic polyelectrolytes decreases with increasing cation-π interaction strength of the inorganic salt, as the salt cations occupy more of the aromatic sites and out-compete interactions with the polycation chains. “Asymmetric” mixing experiments, in which aromatic polycations were mixed with non-aromatic polyanions (and vice versa) revealed that cation-π interactions matter primarily when new cation-π interactions can form between the oppositely-charged chains. This work demonstrates that cation-π interactions between polyelectrolytes, and competition with free cations in solution, can play a significant role in polyelectrolyte complexation, and provides a convenient method for investigating cation-π interactions in a wide range of coacervate materials.
Why are Aromatic Additives Effective in Asymmetric Organocatalysis?
Authors: Banerjee Subhrashis , Vanka Kumar
Published: October 2022

The presence of an aromatic additive has been seen to enhance, often significantly, the yield and enantioselectivityof the desired product in asymmetric organocatalysis.Considering their success across a dizzying range of organocatalysts and organic transformations, it would seem unlikely that a common principleexists by which they function.However, the current investigations with DFT reveal that such a general principle indeed does exist: thearomatic additivesandwiches itself, through hydrogen bonding and π•••π stacking, between theorganocatalyst coordinatedelectrophile and nucleophile. This is seen to occur for a wide range of experimentally reported systems.That such complex formation leads to enhanced stereoselectivity isthen demonstrated for two cases: the cinchona alkaloid complex (BzCPD), catalysing thiocyanation(2-naphthol additive employed), as well as for the L-pipecolicacidcatalyst (2,4-dinitrophenol additive employed), catalysingtheasymmetric nitroaldol reaction.These findings are likely to have a significant impact on the field of asymmetric organocatalysis.
Catalytic Performance of Micro-Mesoporous Zirconosilicates Prepared by Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel in Ethanol-To-Butadiene Transformation and Related Reactions
Authors: Hradsky Dalibor , Machac Petr , Skoda David , Leonova Lucie , Sazama Petr , Pastvova Jana , Kaucky Dalibor , Vsiansky Dalibor , Moravec Zdenek , Styskalik Ales
Published: October 2022

Synthesis of 1,3-butadiene (BD) from ethanol has experienced a true renaissance in recent years due to ecological and economic reasons. The open porosity and number of Lewis acid sites in metal silicates (M = Zr, Ta) have been reported in numerous studies as key factors enabling reaching high BD productivity. However, some microporous zeolites recently displayed very high BD productivity. To gain a deeper insight, we have applied non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) – a method well-known to produce highly porous and homogeneous metal silicates – in the preparation of zirconosilicates with varying micropore volume. The porosity (N2 adsorption-desorption experiments), structure (IR, XPS, NMR, and DRUV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, MAS NMR), and acidity (IR spectroscopy combined with pyridine adsorption) of these materials have been described in detail and compared to a benchmark sample prepared by dry impregnation. Above mentioned characterization methods proved that NHSG preparation provided highly homogeneous Zr dispersion in silica leading to almost doubled Lewis acid site numbers and higher activity in ethanol-to-butadiene (ETB) transformation, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) redox reaction, and aldol condensation, in comparison to the catalyst prepared by dry impregnation. The fraction of micropore volume in micro-mesoporous samples (ranging from 27 % to 69 %) did not play a significant role: The activity in all three catalytic reactions followed the acid site numbers. The selectivity and long-term stability in ETB process were similar for catalysts prepared by NHSG and dry impregnation.
PUBLIC CONTRACT: ON THE WAY TO DISPOSITIVITY
Authors: Жуков Федор Федорович
Published: October 2022

Анализируются последние изменения, внесенные в Федеральный закон от 05.04.2013 г. № 44-ФЗ «О контрактной системе в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужди подзаконные акты, выявляется их сущность. Высказывается мнение о постепенном переходе отношений, связанных с исполнением, изменением и расторжением государственного контракта, от императивных методов к диспозитивным.

The latest changes made to the Federal Law of April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ «On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs» and by-laws are analyzed, their essence is revealed. An opinion is expressed about the gradual transition of relations related to the execution, modification and termination of the state contract, from imperative methods to dispositive ones.
THE FAMILY MEMBER AS A PARTICIPANT IN A FAMILY BUSINESS: THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN A FAMILY BUSINESS
Authors: Пономарев Дмитрий Александрович
Published: October 2022

Отмечается, что основным квалифицирующим признаком семейного предпринимательства является наличие семейных или родственных связей между участниками хозяйственной деятельности. Обосновывается положение, что к числу участников семейного предпринимательства следует относить не только членов одной семьи, но и любых других лиц, связанных отношениями родства, свойства, состоящих в фактических брачных отношениях, иждивенцев и иных лиц, которые признают наличие между ними семейных, родственных или аналогичных отношений, в том числе с учетом фактического возникновения таких связей (фактические брачные отношения, совместное проживание и т. п.) или с учетом сложившихся в определенных регионах традиций.

It is noted that the main qualifying feature of family business is the presence of family or family ties between participants in economic activity. The article substantiates the position that the number of participants in family business should include not only members of the same family, but also any other persons related by kinship, properties, who are in actual marital relations, dependents and other persons who recognize the existence of family, relatives or similar between them. relations, including taking into account the actual occurrence of such ties (actual marital relations, cohabitation, etc.) or taking into account the traditions that have developed in certain regions.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR PERSONAL DATA OFFENCES
Authors: Хохлова Елена Васильевна , Урда Маргарита Николаевна
Published: October 2022

Рассматривается проблема социальной обусловленности уголовноправового запрета посягательств в отношении персональных данных человека. Объектом исследования являются общественные отношения, возникающие в связи с установлением уголовной ответственности за нарушения неприкосновенности персональных данных человека, а его целью ± выявление оснований их уголовноправовой охраны. Для достижения указанной цели применялись формально-юридический, системно-структурный методы юридической науки. Автор развивает и углубляет теорию в части социально-правового и криминологического обоснования криминализации рассматриваемых деяний. Делается вывод об обоснованности уголовно-правовой охраны персональных данных в связи с высокими рисками «деаномизациидля фундаментальных прав человека.

The problem of social conditionality of the criminal law prohibition of encroachments against personal data of a person is being considered. The object of the study is social relations arising in connection with the establishment of criminal liability for violations of the inviolability of personal data of a person, and its purpose is to identify the grounds for their criminal protection. For this purpose, formal-legal, system-structural methods of legal science were used. The author develops and deepens the theory in terms of socio-legal and criminological justification for the criminalization of the crimes in question. It is concluded that the criminal law protection of personal data is justified in connection with the high risks of «deanomizationfor fundamental human rights.
Zdrowie a samotność i osamotnienie migrantów zarobkowych
Authors: Pawlak-Kałuzińska Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

Zamieszczona w artykule analiza dotyczy zjawisk samotności i osamotnienia w odniesieniu do emigrantów zarobkowych. Samotność i osamotnienie nie są tożsamymi pojęciami. Samotność należy postrzegać jako obiektywny stan nieobecności innych osób w otoczeniu, a osamotnienie jest subiektywnym uczuciem braku bliskich więzi emocjonalnych. Emigranci na różnych etapach emigracji doświadczają samotności lub odczuwają osamotnienie, które może się przekładać na ich gorsze funkcjonowanie społeczne, obniżać samopoczucie psychiczne i wpływać na zdrowie somatyczne. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane badania dotyczące związków między samotnością/osamotnieniem a zdrowiem w kontekście emigracji oraz wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych wśród użytkowników forów internetowych poświęconych tematowi samotności/osamotnienia. Analiza objęła wpisy z lat 2009–2021.
The social stigma of hospice care in the context of cancer
Authors: Kaminska Weronika , Chittajallu Supriya , Davis Tiffini
Published: October 2022

Hospice care is designed to help individuals with pain, physical and psychological, that arises during the advanced stage of a disease so that the patient can face their impending death with dignity. Through the hospice lens, the patient is viewed as an entity that needs both medical and non-medical care, which differentiates hospices from other forms of care available. However, despite hospice care having been integrated into the medical sphere and its widespread availability to patients, it has begun to be met with social reluctance and fear. This article is a review of theories, concepts, and research in the context of the social construct of cancer, palliative treatment, and hospice care. The texts analyzed in this article have been selected to show both the time-changing approach to the issues discussed, as well as the indication of threads that are characteristic of the USA and Europe, including Poland. The aim of the article is to reflect on the social stigmatization of hospice care, changes in the identity of patients, especially the transition from oncological treatment to palliative and hospice care, and thus draw attention to the patient experience before the impending death.
Zróżnicowanie lokalnej polityki podatkowej gmin województwa małopolskiego
Authors: Bień Wioletta
Published: October 2022

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest realizowana polityka podatkowa gmin i czynniki ją kształtujące. Badania zagraniczne potwierdziły, że podatki lokalne są zróżnicowane w zależności od wysokości lokalnej bazy podatkowej. Stąd też uwaga autorki koncentruje się głównie na rozpoznaniu zależności pomiędzy kondycją finansową jednostki samorządowej a przyjętą polityką podatkową władz gminnych.

Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest ocena polityki podatkowej w poszczególnych typach gmin w zależności od sytuacji finansowej, na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego.

Metoda badawcza: W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury w zakresie lokalnej polityki podatkowej i czynników ją różnicujących. Zastosowano metodę unitaryzacji zerowanej służącą analizie danych pochodzących ze sprawozdań budżetowych JST.

Wyniki: Analiza danych potwierdziła występowanie zależności pomiędzy kondycją finansową gminy i polityką podatkową władz lokalnych. Wyższe podatki zazwyczaj uchwalane były w gminach najbiedniejszych, prawdopodobnie zbyt biednych, by móc zrezygnować z części potencjalnych dochodów podatkowych. Wysokie podatki występowały również w jednostkach o najlepszej kondycji finansowej położonych w pobliżu aglomeracji krakowskiej, gdzie możliwości ponoszenia ciężarów podatkowych były wyższe.
Kilka uwag na temat możliwości ustalenia wysokości kosztów procesu karnego w Polsce w drodze wnioskowania statystycznego
Authors: Florczak Waldemar
Published: October 2022

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiot badań stanowią szacunki kosztów procesu karnego w Polsce przy użyciu dostępnych danych zastanych i ankietowych.

Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest próba empirycznej odpowiedzi na kilka ważkich pytań związanych z możliwością pomiaru wysokości kosztów procesu karnego w polskim sądownictwie.

Metoda badawcza: Do realizacji celu badawczego wykorzystano dane zastane z oficjalnych raportów księgowych, prowadzonych na szczeblu wybranych sądów, oraz podjęto starania o ich zaczerpnięcie ze źródeł bezpośrednio afiliowanych przy Ministerstwie Sprawiedliwości. Wysiłki te nie doprowadziły do oczekiwanych efektów; jedynym źródłem informacji w w/w obszarze okazała się baza danych utworzona na potrzeby realizacji grantu NCN nr 2015/19/B/HS5/01217 „Koszty procesu karnego w świetle ekonomicznej analizy prawa”, kierowanego przez dr hab. Dobrosławę Szumiło-Kulczycką, prof. UJ. Informacje zawarte w tej bazie posłużyły do sformułowania kilku hipotez badawczych – poniżej intencjonalnie przedstawionych w formule pytań – których weryfikacji dokonano za pomocą adekwatnych narzędzi statystyki matematycznej (testdwóch średnich, metoda ANOVA, test wielu proporcji).

Wyniki: Pomimo że utworzona baza danych stanowi bezprecedensowe i najpełniejsze źródło wiedzy w zakresie ilościowych, kosztowych aspektów procesu karnego w Polsce, to jednak próba generalizacji wniosków, które mogłyby być sformułowane na jej podstawie na populację wszystkich sądów w Polsce, musi być bardzo ostrożna. W świetle przeprowadzonego w tym artykule badania zgromadzone w bazie dane nie mogą być bowiem uznane za w pełni reprezentatywne. Ponadto – warunkowo względem wniosku poprzedzającego – zróżnicowanie przedmiotowe spraw karnych nie tłumaczy w sposób jednoznaczny różnic w kosztach procesu karnego
Scope for EU–Japan cooperation in decarbonising the global LNG market
Authors: Lont Paweł
Published: October 2022

Background: Global climate ambitions seem to be at odds with the future use of natural gas. However, the inability to fully electrify the demand for energy has forced developed economies to seek ways to decarbonise the gas industry. This article investigates the option to further use LNG terminals as a source of carbon-neutral energy supply for the EU and Japan, which together account for 50% of the global demand for LNG.

Research purpose: The aim of this paper is to verify the potential pathways toward continued utilisation of the EU and Japanese LNG infrastructure in a low-carbon or even climate-neutral future.

Methods: A literature review of different technologies that enable CO2-neutral gas production or imports is conducted to identify potential pathways for decarbonisation. A SWOT analysis of the two selected scenarios is then performed to present their upsides and downsides and to identify potential areas for cooperation. Finally, the costs associated with the two development paths are analysed to verify where the main challenges lie.

Conclusions: The study confirms that the success of gas conversion facilities will rely heavily on technological advancements that would reduce the unit cost of natural gas processing. By contrast, biomethane imports will require operational support to effectively compete with other energy carriers. The author concludes that both gas decarbonisation scenarios analysed may well prove to be complementary. However, access to financing will likely pose a major challenge to the future utilisation of the existing LNG infrastructure
7th Century Madina Economics: The First Economic System of the Mankind by Muhammad Munir Ahmed
Authors:   A New York based Academician, New York, NY, Ashraf Mirza Iqbal
Published: October 2022

The author has presented an erudite account of socioeconomics of Islam’s 7th Century Madina Economics. Munir’s in depth researched work is not only a meticulous thesis for the students and scholars of the subject of economics, it is an easy to understand treatise for a common reader. In this work, Munir has explicated how the complexities of capitalism’s economic system were simplified by the Prophet of Islam, with consistent clarity, revolutionary sophistication, and methodological thoughtfulness.
Burial Complexes of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia with an Indeterminate Cultural and Chronological Affiliation: Analysis and Correction of the Database
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Sokolova N. B. , Berdnikov I. M. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2022

To identify the burial complexes of the hiatus period (a break in traditional burial practice), which, considering the latest adjustment, is determined in the Cis-Baikal by the interval of 6660–6060 cal BP, we are implementing the project “Missing Link: The Problem of Identifying Middle Neolithic Burials in the Baikal-Yenisei Siberia”, which aims to address this issue within the territorial framework of the entire region. In less than three years, it was possible to collect and process data on a large series of burials, whose cultural and chronological affiliation raised questions. As a result, a database was created, which at the first stage consisted of 107 complexes, then was reduced to 57. Over the past year, new data have been obtained that make it possible to refine the database. There were also changes in the content of the database: some burial complexes were excluded, while others were added to it. Some inaccuracies made at the previous stage of the study have also been corrected. In addition, for the first time, we rank objects according to their likelihood of belonging to the Middle Neolithic (hiatus) based on reliable radiocarbon dates and comparative analysis. The revised database includes burial complexes from four locations of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia: the Kansk-Yenisei region, Northern Angara region, Southern Angara region, and Upper Lena. Now it contains information about 49 complexes of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia, which are divided into five groups. It was established that 9 burials (groups 1 and 2) can be associated with the hiatus period, and in 6 cases reliable confirmations in the form of correct AMS-dates have already been received. Burials from groups 3 and 4 have a high potential for filling the hiatus after correcting the available radiocarbon data and obtaining an additional series of determinations. The complexes of group 5 have the lowest degree of probability of belonging to the Middle Neolithic. We also note that when filling the hiatus, one should not strive to be limited to the period of 6660–6060 cal BP, since these frameworks of the Middle Neolithic indicated only the absence of known burials in the territory of the Cis-Baikal at that time. The Middle Neolithic is actually a more complex phenomenon, associated with the development of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia by new groups of hunter-gatherers who came from the west a little earlier, probably about 7000 cal BP. The exodus of this population also did not occur instantly, and the upper boundary of the Middle Neolithic requires clarification.
Early Vegetative Growth of Barley And Triticale Sown at Different Seed And Dap Fertilizer Rates under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Abbas Dilsouz Noori , Omer Fathi A.
Published: October 2022

This study was carried out during the growing season 2020-2021 at two locations (Sumail and Zakho) to study the influence of different seeding (2,500000, and 3000,000 and 3,500000 seeds.ha-1) and DAP (0, 200, and 300 kg.ha-1) rates on some early growth characters of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and Triticale (X Triticosecale wittmack). The experimental was designed as factorial of three factors in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Some early and pre harvest (flag leaf area, plant height, number of total tillers and number on fertile tillers) were measured. The results displayed significant superiority of all studied characters for Zakho location compered to Sumail location. Also, Barley surpassed Triticale crop in flag leaf area, plant height, but inferior in number of total and fertile tillers. Higher numbers of tillers were recorded in Sumail location of experiment with lower seeding rate (314.17 tillers) compared to Triticale or other seeding rate or Fertilizer treatments. DAP fertilizer treatment enhanced most of the studied traits while their effect was not reached significant level. The results recommend that the crops or varieties with fewer tillers are favorable in water limited environments and more studies are recommended mainly for Triticale crop as the studies on this crop in our areas are very rare rather than its economic importance in feeding and food processing
Análisis de egagrópilas del búho listado, Asio clamator, (Aves: Strigiformes) en Atahualpa, provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador
Authors: Vargas Rocío , Abella Juan , Gregori Maria , Brito Jorge
Published: October 2022

El búho listado, Asio clamator, es un ave Strigiforme con distribución Neotropical del sur de México al norte de Argentina. Sin embargo, el mayor conocimiento de su dieta viene del sur de la Amazonía de su distribución, mientras en Ecuador la información de su dieta es nula. El presente estudio describe el contenido de 72 egagrópilas colectados de un individuo del búho listado en el ambiente seco de la provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador, durante la época seca de 2015 y época húmeda de 2016. Registramos un total de 1145 presas correspondientes a 11 taxa, con un alto número promedio de 8.2 individuos de presas por egagrópila. Encontramos una asociación significativa de presas en la dieta por época del año, con mayor consumo de mamíferos y reptiles en las secas y de insectos en la época húmeda. Las diferencias en la dieta del búho listado encontrados en nuestro estudio destacan la importancia de desarrollar estudios de dieta en otros hábitats y áreas de distribución, lo que ayudará a comprender las interacciones del búho y su influencia sobre el ambiente.
LANGUAGE PHENOMENA AFFECTABLE BY THE CATEGORY OF THE PERSON
Authors:   Moscow City University, Borisova Elena G.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the language entities: lexemes, phraseological units grammar categories syntactic constructions that can change their meanings in the speech situation when they are related to the category of person. That means that the nuances, meanings or connotations can emerge when they concern the Speaker or the Hearer. The article reveals such changes when it goes about evaluation – the sense of appreciation or disgust. In fact some lexemes or phraseological units are hardly possible when used with the first person, e.G. Ya krasotka (‘I am a beauty’). Still the pragmatic studies make it possible to reveal the intentions that appear by such usage. There can be sarcasm, but also remorse and some other intentions that are analyzed in this article. The same analysis is provided for the usage of lexemes and phraseological units in the context of the 2nd Person i/e/ connected with the Hearer. Not only negative but also positive evaluation is taken into consideration. Some cases of evaluation implemented into grammar categories are also analyzed/ These are forms of the Conditional Mood expressing wish (the meaning of Optative). The difference between evaluation expressed by the basic meaning of lexemes and grammemes and that in connotations is revealed. The conclusion is formulated about the cultural specifics of evaluation expressed by connotations that emerge in some pragmatic contexts connected with the Speaker and the Hearer.
UNDERSTANDING OF POLITENESS AND SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN PERSIAN AND RUSSIAN CULTURES
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Beni Fatemeh Ahmadi
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of intercultural communication in the field of speech etiquette. On the example of communicative failures of Russian and Iranian students, the differences in the etiquette models of Russian and Persian cultures are considered. The article reveals the main provisions of speech etiquette, the basic principles of the theory of Politeness, general and specific characteristics of polite communicative behavior, the features of speech etiquette in Persian linguistic culture and its differences from Russian linguistic culture. Special attention is paid to the “surprised person”, that is, a person who has fallen into a foreign cultural environment for him as an object of study of etiquette inconsistencies of speech etiquette compared systems. The analyzed material is a collection of real stories of ten Iranian students who got into awkward communication situations during their stay in Russia, and the stories of their friends who got into awkward situations in Iran. These situations are associated with the peculiarities of the etiquette behavior of men and women, with everyday etiquette superstitions, etc. The study of the differences between Russian and Persian etiquette is considered useful both from a theoretical and practical point of view
TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CATEGORY OF PERSON IN RUSSIAN GRAMMAR. EXPANSION INTO SYNTAX, MAXIMUM ACTIVITY OF SUBJECTLESS SENTENCES IN SLAVIA, VARIETY OF UNREAL MODALITIES
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Mechkovskaya Nina B.
Published: October 2022

The restructuring in the system of verb tenses, which took place in the separate history of the Slavic languages, led in a number of languages to the loss of grammatical person indicators s in some predicative models and to the activation of impersonal and subjectless sentences. If in the Proto-Slavic and Old Russian languages in all forms of the past tenses the meaning of the person was present, then in the Russian language, in place of the four past tenses, one perfect was preserved, in which the link present time from the verb *byti, which explicitly expressed the meaning of the person, was gradually lost. The linguistic consciousness of the speakers got used to the indistinctness of the grammatical person, which led to the emergence of structurally diverse and widely used non-subjective sentences. According to the repertoire of models of subjectless sentences, the Slavic languages are close to each other, but differ in the activity of the models. The occurrence of infinitive and mononuclear sentences with a verbal predicate in the 2nd person singular increases in the direction from Slovenian to Polish and further to Russian. In the aspect of areal-diachronic differences between the Slavic languages, the considered facts show that in the direction from west to east (from Slovene to Polish and further to Russian) there is a typological tendency to weaken the inflectional nature of the grammatical category of a person and to blur the basic meanings of a person.
A PERSON’S FACE AS A SPHERE OF METAPHORS WITH THE MEANING OF INTENSITY. “WITH HALF AN EAR” AND “WITH ONE EYE OPEN”
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Maryanchik Victoria A.
Published: October 2022

The subject of the analysis is the adverbs «вполуха» and «вполглаза». The purpose of the study is to analyze the metaphorical model “bodily perception – social communication” based on the material of these adverbs. The theoretical basis is the work on the metaphorical potential of somatisms, on the source sphere of the “human body” for structuring a new area. Issues under consideration: metaphorical transition of quantitative and qualitative adverbs motivated by somatism from the sphere of perception to the sphere of social communication; interaction with the intensity/gradality and the communicative category “politeness” in the lexical and semantic structure of adverbs. The morphemic component “впол- (half)” is considered as a gradator. It is assumed that there is a social stereotype of communication – (a) the zero mark “do not look, do not listen” as evidence of the lack of communication and (b) the ordinary indicator “to look, to listen” as a common communicative norm. It is demonstrated on the speech material that adverbs converge in terms of intensity, forming a graduated binomial, which leads to a violation of semantic compatibility. The speech activity of adverbs with reference to the data of the National Corpus of the Russian language is considered. The main “semantic shades” (additional meanings) are revealed. It is concluded that the word вполуха is more often updated in the context of the evaluation of the parameter “politeness”. Lexical and syntactic means that mark the pejorative semantics of adverbs in the text are revealed. It is proved that the functioning in speech of adverbs вполуха and вполглаза demonstrates the interaction of the semantics of intensity and axiology (assessment on an ethical basis with the vector of pejorativeness).