bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Breast Cancer Metastasis across Genomic Subtypes
Authors: Olsson Linnea T. , Walens Andrea , Hamilton Alina M. , Benefield Halei C. , Fleming Jodie M. , Carey Lisa A. , Hursting Stephen D. , Williams Kevin P. , Troester Melissa A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Obese women have higher risk of aggressive breast tumors and distant metastasis. However, obesity has rarely been assessed in association with metastasis in diverse populations.

Methods:

In the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase 3 (2008–2013), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and molecular subtype [PAM50 risk-of-recurrence (ROR) score] were assessed. Obesity measures were evaluated in association with metastasis within five years of diagnosis, overall and stratified by race and ROR score. Absolute risk of metastasis and risk differences between strata were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, adjusted for age, grade, stage, race, and ER status. Relative frequency of metastatic site and multiplicity were estimated in association with obesity using generalized linear models.

Results:

High-WHR was associated with higher risk of metastasis (5-year risk difference, RD, 4.3%; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–6.5). It was also associated with multiple metastases and metastases at all sites except brain. The 5-year risk of metastasis differed by race (11.2% and 6.9% in Black and non-Black, respectively) and ROR score (19.5% vs. 6.6% in high vs. low-to-intermediate ROR-PT). Non-Black women and those with low-to-intermediate ROR scores had similar risk in high- and low-WHR strata. However, among Black women and those with high ROR, risk of metastasis was elevated among high-WHR (RDBlack/non-Black = 4.6%, RDHigh/Low-Int = 3.1%). Patterns of metastasis were similar by BMI.

Conclusions:

WHR is associated with metastatic risk, particularly among Black women and those with high-risk tumors.

Impact:

Understanding how risk factors for metastasis interact may help in tailoring care plans and surveillance among patients with breast cancer.
New record of a rare copepod, Metridia bicornuta Davis, 1949 (Calanoida, Metridinidae) for the South China Sea
Authors: Feng Y. Z. , Liu Z. S. , Wang C. S.
Published: August 2022

The genus Metridia Boeck, 1864 is widely distributed in the global ocean, but only 9 species of Metridia have been recorded from the China seas. Here we report the rare copepod Metridia bicornuta Davis, 1949 for the first time for the South China Sea. One specimen was collected from the southern basin of the South China Sea (13°0.21′N 113°0.21′E) at depths of 500-800 m. Females of this species differ from those of congeneric species by the following features: (i) Prosome 1.5 times as long as urosome; (ii) forehead with lateral points projecting on both sides; (iii) genital somite 1.8 times as long as the second somite; (iv) distal segment of fifth swimming leg (P5) with a small outer marginal spine and 3 subequal robust terminal setae. This finding expands the known global distribution of M. bicornuta, and increases the number of copepod species in the China seas.
Analysis of changes in biochemical composition in the body of juvenile Portunus trituberculatus during overwintering (Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: Wan Litao , Zhang Dongxu , Xu Wenjun , Wu Xugan , He Jie
Published: August 2022

This study analysed the composition and content of nutrients in the muscle and hepatopancreas of juvenile Portunus trituberculatus cultured in a pond at the beginning, middle and end of overwintering, so as to understand the nutrient metabolic patterns in the body of P. trituberculatus during overwintering. The results showed that the muscle index (MY) of P. trituberculatus changed little during overwintering, but the hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreased significantly (7.88% at the beginning of overwintering and only 6.23% at the end of overwintering). The total carbohydrate, crude lipid and crude protein in the muscle and hepatopancreas of juvenile P. trituberculatus decreased to different degrees throughout the overwintering period, in particular, the decrease in total carbohydrate was approximately 50% and the decrease in crude lipid was around 30%. In terms of fatty acid composition, the total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFAs) in the muscle of juvenile P. trituberculatus slightly decreasing, the monounsaturated fatty acid content (ΣMUFAs) slightly increasing, while the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFAs) remained basically unchanged. In contrast, the content of fatty acids in the hepatopancreas changed greatly, and the ΣSFAs decreased significantly (), which was 44.2% at the beginning of overwintering and only 24.02% at the end. The ΣMUFAs decreased only at the end of overwintering, while the ΣPUFAs increased significantly (), reaching 7.62% at the beginning of overwintering, 18.59% at the middle and 32.83% at the end of overwintering. In general, the energy material of juvenile P. trituberculatus was mainly derived from the hepatopancreas throughout the overwintering period, and it mainly utilized carbohydrates and crude lipids in the body and was highly selective in the oxidative utilization of fatty acids, mainly utilizing SFAs for oxidative energy supply, while PUFAs, HUFAs, EPA and DHA were selectively retained.
The Grammarian Cannot Wait: Thackeray, Muraoka, and the Analysis of Septuagint Syntax
Authors: Evans Trevor
Published: August 2022

This article deals with the question of the nature of and scholarly approaches to studying Greek syntax in the Septuagint. The concrete point of departure is the publication of A Syntax of Septuagint Greek by T. Muraoka (Leuven: Peeters, 2016). The author discusses Muraoka’s work, while touching upon general trends in Septuagint scholarship, and reviews the book in a detailed manner. The author’s theoretical considerations are illustrated by two case studies that demonstrate the problems associated with Muraoka’s approach to syntax in the Septuagint. By way of conclusion, the author reflects on future directions in research on the Septuagint and its language usage.
Healthcare, Healthcare Resource Allocation, and Rationing: Pragmatist Reflections
Authors: Taye Belayneh , Assefa Andebet Hailu
Published: August 2022

This article approaches the ethical dilemma of healthcare allocation and rationing from the perspective of pragmatist ethics, mainly following John Dewey’s ethics. The moral dilemma of healthcare allocation arises whenever we allocate limited resources, and rationing is a necessary option for distributing available resources. In a broader sense, the moral problems of healthcare allocation also encompass the issue of access to primary healthcare, especially for low-income sections of communities. In this sense, allocation always entails rationing – denying service to someone for the benefit of others. Such aspects of allocation and rationing and the relational aspect of disease and health make the problem morally controversial, which makes it difficult to agree on a principle or principles of allocation and rationing applicable across different contexts. Hence, this paper argues that moral challenges of healthcare rationing ought not to be addressed through the appeal to principles, but rather through deliberation that embraces a more pragmatic and democratic approach to negotiating health resource allocation and rationing. However, this does not mean that moral principles and values are insignificant in healthcare allocation.
Load balance oriented data processing mechanism for bounded and unbounded data in smart cities
Authors: Dai Qinglong , Qian Jin , Li Jianwu , Zhao Jun , Liu Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2022

The co-existence of bounded data and unbounded data gives a great challenge for the traditional single and inflexible data processing in smart cities. The wide promotion of the internet of things (IoT) makes the data amount rapidly increase. This leads to the further raise of the requirement for data processing in smart cities, especially the demand for low latency and abundant data in real-time video services. To solve this problem, a load balance oriented data processing mechanism for bounded and unbounded data in smart cities is proposed. A smart city framework is introduced to explicit the role of data processing in smart cities. A load-balanced data processing mechanism is proposed. Based on the mathematical model for data processing in smart cities, the load-balanced data processing is abstracted into an optimization problem. Aiming to obtain the minimum load balance ratio (LBR), an LBR algorithm is presented. Through simulation and experiment, the superiority and feasibility of our work are validated via numerical simulation and prototype implementation, respectively.
Intransitivity of Consumer Preferences for Privacy
Authors: Tomaino Geoff , Wertenbroch Klaus , Walters Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

Consumers frequently exchange their private personal data with companies in return for goods and services, such as access to search results or social networks. The authors provide a normative criterion to help assess whether companies compensate consumers adequately for their private data in these exchanges. Across a series of 11 experiments, they find that individuals place a higher price on their private data when they sell them for money than when they barter them for goods. In an application of the compatibility principle in cognitive psychology, the authors also find in two additional experiments that this effect occurs because money is a more compatible medium for valuing private data than goods are, which increases the weight of the data in monetary valuations, raising the prices that participants demand for their private data in money compared with goods. This discrepancy in valuations constitutes a violation of procedure invariance and amounts to an intransitivity of participants’ preferences for privacy. The findings raise the question of whether companies are compensating consumers adequately for their data and whether the ubiquitous markets for privacy function efficiently. Accordingly, the authors point to a possible consumer welfare argument for antitrust regulation of technology companies.
Visualization of balanced interlacement for digital jacquard based on interlacement frequency statistics and data
Authors: Lu Shuangyi , Zhou Jiu
Published: August 2022

The balanced interlacement of woven structures directly affects the surface effect and production efficiency of woven fabric. If it fails to meet the requirement of balanced interlacement, the manufacturing of woven fabric could be unable to proceed. Under layered-combination design mode, the structure of full-color compound digital jacquard fabric designed in this study is a type of compound structure expressing the effect of single-layer structure. The warp and weft interlacement frequency of compound structure is the key to the balanced interlacement. The fabric expresses balanced interlacement if interlacement frequency in the warp/weft remains relatively constant, if not, then it is unbalanced. Apart from the analysis of the covering effect of adjacent threads, an interlacement frequency statistical program was compiled, the statistical data of warp/weft interlacement frequency were acquired, and then they were visualized in form of tables, figures, or scatter plots for balanced interlacement status comparison and optimal selection of balanced interlacement for full-color compound weaves. The results proved that the visualization of interlacement frequency was not only able to quantify the warp/weft balanced interlacement for basic/joint weaves, full-color compound weaves and compound structures, but also offered potential assistance to predict balanced interlacement status and prevent unbalanced interlacement before weaving. This study outlines how the visualization of balanced interlacement can be applied to the soft proofing of digital jacquard fabrics.
Hyperspectral reconstruction from a single textile RGB image based on the generative adversarial network
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Yupeng
Published: August 2022

Hyperspectral images are capable of significantly increasing the accuracy of textile color measurement because of their rich information. However, hyperspectral imaging generally requires expensive equipment and complex operations. If the hyperspectral information can be reconstructed based on a single RGB image, it can facilitate the widespread application of hyperspectral imaging technology, such as in textile color measurement. In this paper, a deep learning model was proposed for hyperspectral reconstruction of cotton and linen fabrics based on the conditional generative adversarial network. According to this model, the encoder–decoder structure and spatial pyramid convolution pooling operation were adopted to fuse multi-scale features for the prevention of mode collapse. Atrous convolution was introduced to increase the receptive field to adapt to the fabric texture information, and the hyperspectral information of the fabric from a single RGB image was reconstructed. The quantitative and qualitative tests verified that the method in this paper had good results. The root mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio were 0.0271 and 31.372, respectively, for reconstructed fabric hyperspectral images; the highest average color difference [Formula: see text] in the reconstructed hyperspectral colorimetry experiment was obtained as 2.755. Thus, the proposed method can meet the common application requirements of color measurement.
Paradox as an Interactional Resource: An ethnomethodological analysis into the interconnectedness of organizational paradoxes
Authors: Lempiälä Tea , Tiitinen Sanni , Vanharanta Outi
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we demonstrate how performing and belonging paradoxes act as triggers, mitigators and amplifiers for each other in moment-by-moment interaction. We show how expressing a performing paradox as part of group practice triggers belonging tensions, particularly when there is a strong expectation towards a uniform value-base. We further demonstrate how a familiar performing paradox at the organization level is constructed to mitigate the belonging tensions through latency. This leads to an amplification dynamic where a paradox that is more socially appropriate is reinforced in order to cope with a more interactionally problematic one. Our results speak to research on the intertwined nature of paradoxical tensions and the relationship between latency and salience in working through paradox. Our study advocates for developing a more systematic approach for studying the interactional foundations of organizational paradox and offers ethnomethodological conversation analysis as one means to achieve improved understanding in this domain.
Double root translocation: Early experience on performance of translocated aortic and pulmonary root
Authors: Agarwal Vijay , Vaidyanathan Swaminathan
Published: August 2022

Aim

Transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis is a complex congenital cardiac malformation with varied treatment options. Double root translocation is one of the described techniques with several advantages over other techniques. Our goal of this study is to report our early experiences on the performance of translocated aortic and pulmonary root.

Methods

From 2016 to 2019, a total of 12 patients (seven boys and five girls) aged from one year to three years underwent double root translocation. All our patients were diagnosed with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)/double-outlet right ventricle (DORV), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and pulmonary stenosis (PS). One patient (8.33%) presented with (IL 2R CX), remaining 11 patients (91.66%) had (IL CX 2R) as their coronary pattern. Mean follow-up period was two years (1–3 years).

Results

At six months follow up, one patient died due to severe MR, one patient had severe TR and was taken back for surgery after two weeks post-surgery. Three patients had trivial aortic regurgitation (AR) and nine had no AR, two patients had trivial mitral regurgitation (MR) and 10 had no MR 11 patients had post-operative sinus rhythm and were in NYHA class 1. One patient with a complete heart block was supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenator followed by tracheostomy. Redo TV repair was done in one patient. Peritoneal dialysis was accomplished in two patients.

Conclusions

Double root translocation is a good alternative surgical treatment for TGA/DORV, VSD, and PS, where the pulmonary valve is small, but the leaflets are usable. Although the operation is technically demanding, our early follow-up on translocated root performance shows promising outcomes.
Dietary patterns, cooking methods and breast cancer risk in Mexico: An exploratory case-control study
Authors: Pineda Elisa , Ortega-Vélez María I. , Preciado-Rodríguez Martin , Saucedo-Tamayo Socorro , Caire-Juvera Graciela
Published: August 2022

Background: Nutrition has an important influence on the risk of developing breast cancer (BC). Dietary patterns can capture the complex interplay of nutrients and cooking methods can contribute to the presence of heterocyclic amines, which are potent mammary carcinogens. Research on dietary patterns, cooking methods, and their association with BC in Mexican women is scarce. Aim: To evaluate the association of dietary patterns and cooking methods with BC risk among women from the Northwest region of Mexico. Methods: This case-control study included 120 women. Eligible cases (n = 60) were diagnosed and biopsy-confirmed in the past 2 years. Control subjects ( n = 60) were hospital and population-based. Dietary intake and cooking methods were respectively assessed through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the National Cancer Institute survey. We obtained dietary patterns from a K-means cluster analysis (CA), and multivariate logistic regression tested the association of dietary patterns and cooking methods with BC risk. Results: Prudent and caloric dietary patterns were identified. The caloric pattern was associated with BC risk (Model 1: ORadj: 5.07, 95%CI:1.44–17.84, p = 0.011; Model 2: ORadj: 4.99 (95%CI:1.39–17.92, p = 0.014). Intense frying, meat grilling and poultry resulted in a significant BC risk (Model 1: ORadj: 5.54,95%CI: 2.13–14.41), p < 0.001; Model 2: ORadj: 5.12, 95%CI: 1.83–14.31, p  = 0.002). At Oestrogen exposure of <32 years, there was an association between dietary patterns and BC risk (ORadj: 4.69, 95%CI: 1.01–21.92, p = 0.049). The relationship between BC risk and cooking intensity was found in both strata of exposure to oestrogens: <32 years (ORadj: 3.72, 95%CI:1.04–13.33, p = 0.044), and ≥32 years (ORadj: 6.06, 95%CI:1.34–27.42, p  = 0.019). Conclusions: A caloric dietary pattern rich in refined carbohydrates and saturated fat, and intense meat product cooking may increase the risk of BC in Mexican women.
Tools and measures for diversity and inclusion in media industries: International best practice and informing policy change in the Irish film and television sector
Authors: Kerrigan Páraic , Liddy Susan , O’Brien Anne
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on equality, diversity and inclusion in the Irish media industry and how it can be improved. The need to develop these policies, tools and measures has become pertinent, considering that the Irish media workforce currently lacks diversity. The aims of this article are twofold: (i) examine the tools and measures from the international media industry that have been developed to improve equality, diversity and inclusion and (ii) interrogate how these tools and measures could work within the Irish context. Through sampling tools and measures developed in varying media industries in English language territories, this research used this analysis as the basis of semi-structured interviews with independent production companies and broadcasters in Ireland, to gauge how the media industry can develop equality, diversity and inclusion initiatives. This article identifies four central areas that would encourage further diversity in the Irish media sector: data gathering and monitoring, developing diversity standards, objective setting and incentivization and diverse recruitment for the industry.
Dynamic modulation of inhibition ability following repeated exposures to morphine in macaque monkey
Authors: Ghasemian Sadegh , Vardanjani Marzieh M , Sheibani Vahid , Mansouri Farshad A
Published: August 2022

Background:

Deficits in cognitive control, particularly inhibition ability, play crucial roles in susceptibility, progress, and relapse to opioid addiction. However, it is unclear when and how such deficits develop and interact with repeated exposures to prescribed opioids.

Aim:

Using macaque monkey ( Macaca mulatta), as an animal model with high translational merits in cognitive neuroscience, we tried to delineate alterations of inhibition ability in the course of repeated exposures to morphine.

Methods:

Monkeys were trained to perform stop-signal task and then we closely monitored their inhibition ability before exposure, after initial exposure, and following repeated exposures to morphine when they experienced abstinent periods. We also assessed morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in these monkeys to monitor the long-lasting effects of morphine on other behaviors.

Results:

Compared to the baseline level, monkeys’ inhibition ability was significantly enhanced after initial exposure to morphine (early phase); however, it became significantly attenuated after repeated exposures (late phase). These alterations occurred while monkeys consistently expressed the morphine-induced CPP over the course of morphine exposure.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that repeated and scheduled exposures to morphine, which is akin to its clinical and recreational use, lead to dynamic alterations in primates’ cognitive control depending on the extent of exposure. Enhancement of inhibition after limited exposure might provide opportunities to intervene and prevent the progress and culmination of opioid addiction, which is characterized by disinhibited drug-seeking and consumption.
Is psychedelic use associated with cancer?: Interrogating a half-century-old claim using contemporary population-level data
Authors: Barnett Brian S , Ziegler Kathleen , Doblin Rick , Carlo Andrew D
Published: August 2022

Background:

In 1967, concerns about the carcinogenic potential of psychedelics arose after a study reported chromosomal damage in human leukocytes following in vitro lysergic acid (LSD) exposure. Worries were further heightened by subsequent reports of leukemia and other cancers in LSD users. Additional investigations of psychedelics’ effects on chromosomes were published over the next decade, with the majority suggesting these concerns were unfounded. However, the relationship between psychedelics and cancer has been explored only minimally from an epidemiological perspective.

Aims:

To determine whether associations exist between psychedelic use and either lifetime cancer or hematologic cancer diagnoses.

Methods:

We analyzed data from adult participants in the 2015–2019 administrations of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for associations between lifetime use of psychedelics and lifetime diagnosis of either any cancer or hematologic cancer.

Results:

We identified no associations between lifetime psychedelic use and either lifetime cancer diagnosis or hematologic cancer diagnosis. Sub-analyses of lifetime lysergamide, phenethylamine, and tryptamine use also revealed no associations with lifetime cancer or hematologic cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions:

While laboratory studies and case reports from the 1960s and 1970s generated concerns about psychedelics’ carcinogenic potential, this analysis of recent epidemiological data does not support an association between psychedelic use and development of cancer in general or hematologic cancer. Important study limitations to consider include a lack of information about psychedelic dosage, number of lifetime psychedelic exposures, and the temporal relationship between psychedelic use and cancer diagnosis.
Visual attention in change blindness for objects and shadows
Authors: Hermens Frouke , Zdravković Sunčica
Published: August 2022

Studies have found that observers pay less attention to cast shadows in images than to better illuminated regions. In line with such observations, a recent study has suggested stronger change blindness for shadows than for objects (Ehinger et al., 2016). We here examine the role of (overt) visual attention in these findings by recording participants’ eye movements. Participants first viewed all original images (without changes). They then performed a change detection task on a subset of the images with changes in objects or shadows. During both tasks, their eye movements were recorded. In line with the original study, objects (subject to change in the change detection task) were fixated more often than shadows. In contrast to the previous study, better change detection was found for shadows than for objects. The improved change detection for shadows may be explained by the balancing of trials with object and shadow changes in the present study. Eye movements during change detection indicated that participants searched the bottom half of the images. Shadows were more often present in this region, which may explain why they were easier to find.
Reflexive expectations in innovation financing: An analysis of venture capital as a mode of valuation
Authors: Birch Kean
Published: August 2022

Social studies of expectations are premised on the notion that the future is brought into the present, and thereby expectations about the future come to shape our actions, decisions, and practices in ways that performatively bring about the imagined future. In this article, I examine how social actors themselves understand, construct, and deploy future expectations in innovation financing, focusing specifically on the venture capital industry financing of the life sciences sector. I do so to analyse how these reflexive efforts configure the valuation and investment decisions of these social actors and others. I build on analytical perspectives in STS and adjacent fields such as organization studies and economic sociology that analyse the role of expectations – manifested as stories, narratives, and accounts – in social action. To do so, I unpack how reflexivity comes to configure valuation and investment decisions, and the goals (e.g. exits) they rationalize.
Effect of age on presentation and outcome in renal colic
Authors: Golomb Dor , Shemesh Amit , Goldberg Hanan , Shalom Ben , Hen Eyal , Barkai Eyal , Atamna Fahed , Abu Nijmeh Haitham , Cooper Amir , Raz Orit
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

To examine the age-related differences in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with ureteral stones.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective analysis of all patients who visited the ED at a single institution that were found to have a ureteral stone on CT. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters were collected, including outcomes. Patients were subdivided into age groups: 18–30, 31–50, 51–70, and >70 years.

Results:

Between January 2018 and December 2020, 778 patients were admitted to the ED with a ureteral stone. About 78% (609) were males and 22% (169) were females. The mean ages were 49.4 (SD 14.4) and 51.6 (SD 15.7) in males and females, respectively ( p = 0.08). Patients in the 36–50 age group, had significantly higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores ( p < 0.0001). Patients older than 70 years old presented with significantly higher serum creatinine levels ( p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (CRP) ( p < 0.001) and leukocyte levels ( p = 0.002). These patients were also found to have significantly larger stones (mean size of 6.2 mm (SD 4.8) ( p < 0.0001)) and underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in significantly higher numbers (56.3% vs 43.8%, ( p < 0.0001)). Less than half of the patients older than 50 years were given medical expulsive therapy (MET) with alpha-blockers, compared to more than 50% in the other age groups ( p = 0.002). Spontaneous stone expulsion was noted in 70.2% of the 18–35-year group, 62.4% of the 36–50-year-old group, 51.8% of the 51–70-year-old group, and 37% of the >70-year-old group ( p < 0.0001). The ED re-admission rates at 7 and 30 days were not significantly different among all age groups.

Conclusions:

Our data suggests that older patients presented with larger stones, elevated inflammatory markers and creatinine and were more likely to require surgical intervention. The spontaneous stone expulsion rate was inversely associated with age.
Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among scientific students: A social cognitive theory perspective
Authors: Boutaky Soukaina , Sahib Eddine Abdelhak
Published: August 2022

This paper analyzes the effects of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention in Morocco. The developed model suggests that entrepreneurship intention depends on two variables, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion, mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. We use structural equation modeling to test the proposed model, based on a sample of 148 scientific and technical students from the Higher School of Technology, Khenifra, Morocco. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial passion has a strong positive relationship on entrepreneurial intention, even when entrepreneurial self-efficacy is introduced as a mediator. Further, the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention is fully mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The findings confirm that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is a central psychological mechanism that can convert entrepreneurship education into entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, individuals need to feel more self-efficacious in order to choose an entrepreneurial career, and entrepreneurship education should orient students towards an area in which they feel truly passionate.
Industrial Internet of Things on integrated preventive maintenance and enterprise-resource-planning systems: A case study of fastener forming manufacturing processes
Authors: Hsu Chih-Wei , Lu Jui-Han , Wang To-Cheng , Huang Jui-Chan , Shu Ming-Hung
Published: August 2022

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has evolved industrial operations to be more efficient and reliable. The fastener forming process (FFP) used to rely on the judgments of in-process inspectors and experienced operators. Since no critical information was transmitted between machines, the machining status during production was unable to reveal. Now, with sensors installed in the machines of FFP, manufacturing data can be collected, analyzed, and responded to the machines. This IIoT-embedded FFP can not only carry out real-time data, pre-processing, and feature engineering but also enable optimally selecting classification algorithms for preventive maintenance. Consequently, the FFP establishes machine-health indicators for the production site and the heading process recognizes the abnormal situations between punches. The operator-delayed response leads to a great amount of loss that can be avoided. Besides, with the integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution system (MES), this IIoT-embedded FFP converts receiving customer orders into work orders and coordinates operations and sales within enterprises. This system integration catches the status of various production indicators and further advances accurate materials preparation and inventory costs control. Overall, this IIoT-embedded FFP system becomes no necessity for increasing inventory and reserving backlog funds to cope with the impact of a vast number of scrap products. Finally, other types of machining processes or systems can adopt this systematic approach in the future.
An extrapolation framework for torque spectrum of excavator internal combustion engine via bivariate diffusion-based kernel density estimation
Authors: Shen Yuying , Li Xiang , Wang Jixin , Liu Chaoqin , Kong Weicheng
Published: August 2022

The torque extrapolation of the excavator internal combustion engine (ICE) is unknown and challenging. In this paper, an extrapolation framework for ICE torque of excavator is proposed. Data pre-processing, distribution estimation, load extrapolation, and damage evaluation are included in the framework. In estimating measurements, bivariate diffusion-based kernel density estimation is used to obtain the probability density. The cumulative cycle frequency and pseudo damage are compared with the results obtained by the other extrapolation methods. The results show that the proposed method can realize reasonable extrapolation. This extrapolation process can provide a reference for other engineering equipment in cyclic operation.
Application of an extended two-dimensional inverse method in turbine volute design
Authors: Li Chao , Wang Yu , Chen Hua , Song Yuchao , Meng Weiming , Xing Hui
Published: August 2022

Nozzleless housings for turbocharger turbines accelerate and guide flow into downstream rotors. Their design affects the aerodynamic performance and reliability of the turbines. Due to the three-dimensional nature of the volute of the housings, turbine housing volute design is largely based on extended 1D theories and trial-and-error method. In this paper, a detailed description of an extended two-dimensional theory for volute design is given, including its numerical implementation. The method is then applied to design a twin-entry turbine housing for a turbocharger turbine under both equal and unequal admissions, to replace a highly optimized, manually designed housing. The results show that the new volute achieves the same turbine aerodynamic performance as the manually optimized volute with greatly reduced design time, and it also generates more uniform rotor inlet condition with lower pressure excitation force. A breakdown of the stage loss shows that the loss in the new volute housing is larger than that in the manual housing due to its smaller overall dimensions, but the losses inside rotor and downstream diffuser are both reduced due to the more uniform volute exit flow. A discussion on the secondary flow in the two volutes is carried out to show how the volute geometry, through influencing the radial discharge from the volute exit, affects this flow. A further discussion on the flow angle jump around the tongue is placed at the end of the paper to show the mechanism of this jump, how to control it in volute design, and to offer a way forward to improve the volute design method.
Optimization of machining parameters applied in hard turning of large components for cooling lubrication methods
Authors: Delijaicov Sergio , Alves Guilherme C , Bordinassi Éd C , Silva Eraldo J da
Published: August 2022

The increasing demands concerning renewable energy have required ever-bigger projects, as seen with wind turbine cases; in these large projects, the surface contact presents high load and wear resistance requirements. The cooling and lubrication methods in machining are highlighted due to the reduction of costs and environmental impacts. In functional hardened surfaces, it is critical to understand the integrity aspects once they significantly affect the durability of the component. This work clarifies, how the machining parameters of feed, depth of cut, velocity of cut, minimum quantity of lubrication, and abundant cooling affected the machined surface in a large component, with a discussion about microstructural altered layer, residual stresses, and Sa, Sq, and Sz statistical parameters. The results indicated that the minimum quantity lubrication and abundant cooling produced highly compressive circumferential residual stresses. Both methods produced surfaces free of significant microstructure altered layers. The altered surface layer was very thin when detected, with a thickness of up to 2.35 µm. On optimal conditions, the minimum quantity lubrication, in relation to abundant cooling, presented residual stresses 37% higher, a thickness of altered layer 74% lower, and Sa and Sz roughness, respectively, 47% and 11% lower and Sz 12% higher.
Scrutiny of induced magnetic field and Hall current impacts on transient hydromagnetic nanofluid flow within two vertical alternative magnetized surfaces
Authors: Singh Jitendra Kumar , Kolasani Suneetha , Hanumantha  , Seth Gauri Shenker
Published: August 2022

The main goal of this presentation is to scrutinize the flow behavior of transient hydromagnetic Ti6Al4V-H2O-based nanofluid flow within a symmetric channel bounding a uniform porous medium with induced magnetic field and Hall current effects. The nanofluid is assumed to be partially ionized and its flow is influenced due to the presence of a strong transverse applied magnetic field domain. Due to this reason, induced magnetic field and Hall current impacts are focused in this study. The right surface of the channel is considered to be magnetized and oscillating vertically while the left surface is non-magnetized and stationary. The flow model is transformed to a similar model by the use of dimensionless transformations and leading resulting equations are solved analytically with the aid of variable separable method. The results are demonstrated with the assistance of Mathematica software and also validated with the existing results in the literature. This study is significant in analyzing the flow nature of highly electrically conducting nanofluids. An important flow characteristic observed from this study is that by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles in the fluid, the induced magnetic field is increased due to the rise in electrical conductivity of the fluid. Furthermore, the Hall current and magnetic diffusion brings a significant decrement in induced magnetic field along the main flow.
The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from heterogeneous ICT countries
Authors: Appiah-Otoo Isaac , Acheampong Alex O. , Song Na , Chen Xudong
Published: August 2022

Climate change remains one of the world’s significant threats today, and thus Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 prioritizes countries to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change by 2030. Recent studies have scrutinized the impact of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) on the environment. However, the majority of these studies assumed that the environmental impact of ICT is homogenous across countries. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of ICT on environmental degradation, considering the difference in ICT quality among countries. Applying a panel dataset of 110 countries between 2000 to 2018 and the instrumental variable generalized method of moments (IV-GMM) technique, the findings revealed that ICTs improve environmental sustainability in countries with high ICT quality while degrading the environment in countries with moderate and low ICT quality. The results of the causality analysis also showed bi-directional causality between ICT and carbon emissions in countries with high and moderate ICT quality, while there is a uni-directional causality running from carbon emissions to ICT in countries with low ICT quality. Policies that enhance ICT usage through low pricing were recommended for moderate and low ICT quality countries to help mitigate environmental degradation.
Association Between Sleep and Temperament of Preschool Children in Malaysia
Authors: Fujii Mai , Hayashi Masayuki , Teng Cheong Lieng
Published: August 2022

Background:

Unhealthy sleep patterns have been linked to a variety of adverse effects in children, and temperament could be an influencing factor in poor sleep quality.

Aim:

This study examined the association between temperament and sleep quality among preschoolers.

Methods:

The participants of the study were 35 children aged 3 years to 6 years in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Observational sleep was recorded across 14 days. Further, a self-administered questionnaire was used to capture the children’s sleep-related issues. The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire-Very-Short-Form was used to measure the temperament of the children. The relationship between sleep patterns and sleep-related issues and temperament was assessed.

Results:

No significant differences were found between the 3 subscales of temperament sleep duration, and sleep and wake times, for both night sleep and naps. Concerning the association between temperament and children’s sleep issues, a negative weak correlation was found between negative affect and children’s difficulty falling asleep, as well as frequent night-time waking. Effortful control was found to have a weak positive correlation with “sufficient sleep” and “earliness of the sleep,” with a negative correlation for the topic “a child’s bad mood and crying through the day.”

Conclusions:

The results of this study did not show positive correlations between temperament and quality of sleep among preschool children in Malaysia, though some children’s sleep issue was correlated with temperament. Similar to other studies, these results might be an indication that a child’s difficult temperament could be a factor affecting sleep quality though further large-scale studies will be needed.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Adolescent Girls Infected with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suresh Anandu , Shivanna Sindhu Shankar , Satyanarayana Pradeep Tarikere
Published: August 2022

Background:

Pandemics are known to cause an increase in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the same along with other problems such as anxiety and depression.

Aim:

To find out the prevalence of PTSD and other mental health abnormalities among adolescent girls who have contracted COVID-19 infection and the factors associated with it.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study carried out for 6 months at RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Center, Kolar. Adolescent girls infected with COVID-19 were included. A total of 100 girls took part in the study after matching inclusion and exclusion criteria. To assess for PTSD, the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview-KID (MINI-KID) and CPSS-5 Interviewer Version (CPSS 5-I) questionnaire were used. Data entered in Microsoft office excel were analyzed using SPSS v 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). To check for the association between factors, chi-square test was applied.

Results:

The majority of girls were aged 18 years, belonged to nuclear families, and had a hospital stay for 7 days to14 days. About 15% of the girls had PTSD diagnosed using two tools. Panic disorder and separation anxiety were commonly seen. Duration of COVID symptoms adolescent girls had before being diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR and duration of the hospital stay along with symptoms like throat pain, headache, and diarrhea were a few clinical factors that had a statistically significant association with PTSD. Mental health screening seems to be disregarded in COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 can be a traumatic stressor event among adolescents which can elicit PTSD-like responses and also exacerbate mental health problems.

Conclusions:

Early screening for PTSD or other mental health abnormalities among adolescents post COVID-19 infection should be considered.
Reorienting Our Thinking Away From “Professional Development for Educators” and Toward the “Development of Professional Educators”
Authors: Vaughan Michelle , Mertler Craig A.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we look in general at the nature of a profession, how the teaching profession has become deprofessionalized, and various ways in which teachers perceive their profession. We continue by examining ways that teachers can regain a sense of professionalism—through the application of action research and other forms of teacher inquiry—as well as how these activities and initiatives can help teachers to build capacity, regain their lost autonomy, and lend voice to their professional work, especially in light of the recent and current COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we present support for these ideas, offered by highly-experienced teachers in the field. We close with a summary discussion of the approach we are advocating—including considerations for school leaders in the support of teacher inquiry—as well as a discussion of future directions for the larger picture issue of teacher professionalism.
Qualitative Comparison of Cryostat- versus Snap-Frozen Neurosurgical Intraoperative Consultations
Authors: Priemer David S. , Wysozan Timothy , Zahedi Farhad , Alrabadi Nasr , Mesa Hector , Vortmeyer Alexander O.
Published: August 2022

Background. Frozen sections (FS) are common in neurosurgery to address varied clinical concerns. Artifacts in central nervous system (CNS) FS can be severe and affect or hinder interpretation. We performed a case-control study using a semiquantitative scale: the Histologic Preservation Score (HPS), and a quantitative scale: the Ice Crystal Vacuolization Score (ICVS), to compare the histologic quality yielded by snap- versus cryostat freezing techniques. Material and Methods. All specimens were sectioned in 2 halves, one half was used for FS and the other for permanent evaluation. HPS assigns a distortion score to the FS sample using the non-frozen half as the comparator: 1  =  minimal, 2  =  slight, 3  =  moderate, 4 & 5  =  severe. The ICVS is the average size in µm of the 5 largest vacuoles/0.05 mm2, evaluated on digitized slides. Results. 86 CNS-FS were collected: 22 snap- and 64 cryostat-FS. Significant differences in HPS: 2.28 versus 2.84 ( p <0.05) and ICVS 7.47 versus 14.56 ( p  <  0.001) were obtained for snap- versus cryostat-FS, respectively. HPS and ICVS showed a strong correlation: R2 = 0.63, p  <  0.0001. Histologic distortion was worse for neuroglial than mesenchymal tissue by both methods; however, a significant difference was only observed in cryostat-FS: HPS: 3.23 versus 2.33, p  <  0.001; ICVS: 16.86 μm versus 10.26 μm, p  <  0.001. Conclusion. Snap-FS yields better histologic quality than cryostat-FS for CNS-FS, and the difference is more pronounced in neuroglial samples. HPS and ICVS correlate strongly, indicating that the histologic quality is inversely proportional to water-crystallization. These results may apply to other areas of surgical pathology.
An Exploratory Investigation Into Women's Experience of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Authors: Spiliopoulou Ashleigh , Witcomb Gemma L.
Published: August 2022

The recent surge in online movements challenging the culture of silence surrounding sexual harassment has created new spaces for women to share their stories. This research employed a qualitative, exploratory design to study 199 comments on a public online community forum: “What's The Wildest Thing That Happened To You As A Working Woman?”. Inductive thematic analysis was performed on the data which resulted in three overarching themes: “a harassment endemic,” “the (im)balance of power,” and “it's in the culture”. Sexual harassment was centered as a normal part of women's workplace experience, as was lack of affirmative action from employers which increased the severity of experiences. Organizations must commit to challenging the structures and individuals that perpetuate unsafe working conditions for women.