bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Relict Pronival (Protalus) Rampart in the Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Brook Martin S. , Williams Jacob
Published: December 2012

Debris ridges in New Zealand are routinely assumed to be ‘moraines’ and used as key Southern Hemisphere paleoclimatic sites without detailed evaluation of ridge origin. Here we assess the origin of a debris ridge adjacent to Dundas Ridge in the Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand, through measurements of ridge morphology and sedimentary properties. The ridge has a steep c. 35° distal slope (height 18 m), compared with the c. 19° proximal slope (height 6 m), and on all transects the distal slopes contain the coarsest material (median b‐axis clast widths of 0.18‐0.25 m), compared to distal samples (0.34‐0.37 m). Clast shape (C40 range 40‐60%) and angularity (RA>65%) indicate typically angular and ‘slabby’ clasts, and along with the lack of fines, and the ca. 40‐m‐distance between the ridge crest and the foot of the backwall, lead us to reject a glacial (moraine) origin for the ridge. The single ridge morphology precludes a protalus rock glacier origin, while the lack of a broad hillslope scar and debris apron beyond the ridge excludes a landslide origin. Instead, we interpret the ridge as a pronival (protalus) rampart formed by supranival debris supply–from the ca. 200 m‐high southeastern slopes of Dundas Ridge–across a snowbed. Re‐distribution of snow by prevailing westerlies from Mt Dundas Ridge into the basin would have nourished the snowbed, which is likely to have formed during the interval 24‐18 ka BP, when a minor alpine‐style glaciation affected sectors of the Tararua Range. This is the first pronival rampart detailed in New Zealand, raising the possibility that debris ridges of pronival origin may also be present elsewhere in New Zealand's mountains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Graphitic Nanocapsules for Programmed DNA Fishing and Detection
Authors: Song Zhi‐Ling , Zhao Xu‐Hua , Liu Wei‐Na , Ding Ding , Bian Xia , Liang Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong
Published: December 2012

Graphene nanomaterials are typically used in biosensing applications, and they have been demonstrated as good fluorescence quenchers. While many conventional amplification platforms are available, developing new nanomaterials and establishing simple, enzyme‐free and low‐cost strategies for high sensitivity biosensing is still challenging. Therefore, in this work, a core–shell magnetic graphitic nanocapsule (MGN) material is synthesized and its capabilities for the detection of biomolecules are investigated. MGN combines the unique properties of graphene and magnetic particles into one simple and sensitive biosensing platform, which quenches around 98% of the dye fluorescence within minutes. Based on a programmed multipurpose DNA capturing and releasing strategy, the MGN sensing platform demonstrates an outstanding capacity to fish, enrich, and detect DNA. Target DNA molecules as low as 50 pM could be detected, which is 3‐fold lower than the limit of detection commonly achieved by carbon nanotube and graphene‐based fluorescent biosensors. Moreover, the MGN platform exhibits good sensing specificity against DNA mismatch tests. Overall, therefore, these magnetic graphitic nanocapsules demonstrate a promising tool for molecular disease diagnosis and biomedicine. This simple fishing and enrichment strategy may also be extended to other biological and environmental applications and systems.
A competitive particle swarm optimizer and its application to wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nakano Hidehiro , Taguchi Yu , Kanamori Yuta , Utani Akihide , Miyauchi Arata , Yamamoto Hisao
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a simple competitive particle swarm optimizer for finding plural acceptable solutions is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, particles are divided into plural groups corresponding to the required number of solutions. The groups simultaneously search for solutions in their own priority search regions. These regions prevent the different groups from searching for the same solutions. The proposed algorithm can effectively find desired plural acceptable solutions without introducing complex judgments for convergences to each solution and without increasing the number of search iterations. Also, the proposed algorithm can easily control distances between these solutions by adjusting a single additional parameter. Through numerical experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to a problem in wireless sensor networks. It is shown that obtained results can contribute to prolonging lifetime of such networks. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of magnetic ribbon coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene)/poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) to a wireless humidity sensor
Authors: Ishii Osamu , Kakehata Ryo , Kutsuzawa Nobuaki , Okuzaki Hidenori
Published: December 2012

This paper describes a wireless humidity sensor that employs the mechanical resonance frequency, fr, change in a magnetic ribbon coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). PEDOT/PSS expands or contracts by several percentage when it absorbs or desorbs water vapor, and so the curvature, 1/R, of the ribbon varies in response to changes in relative humidity, RH. It is also proved that fr is proportional to 1/R. Consequently, RH can be detected by monitoring the fr using a pickup coil placed away from the ribbon; fr changes from 68 kHz at RH = 87% to 148 kHz at RH = 0%. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improvement of continuous‐wave terahertz imaging system for cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Hongbing , Mitobe Kazutaka , Kabir Mahmudul , Suzuki Masafumi , Mitobe Yoko , Habuchi Tomonori , Yoshimura Noboru
Published: December 2012

We have successfully achieved terahertz imaging of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis of egg albumin using continuous‐wave imaging at 0.189 THz. A sample holder has been devised that can eliminate the membrane crook generated in the drying process after electrophoresis. A probe has been also fabricated, which was assembled with a Schottky barrier diode detector to detect the terahertz signal. A higher spatial resolution of 0.3 mm was achieved, which is 6.83 times the 2.05‐mm resolution without using the probe. Terahertz images of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis of egg albumin of 2 µl was obtained, in which the positions of protein were perfectly in accordance with the stained images. The technology can be used instead of the staining method for cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of second‐trimester markers for trisomy 21
Authors: Agathokleous M. , Chaveeva P. , Poon L. C. Y. , Kosinski P. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: December 2012

Objective

To summarize by meta‐analysis the accumulated data on the screening performance of second‐trimester sonographic markers for fetal trisomy 21.

Methods

We conducted a literature search to identify studies between 1995 and September 2012 that provided data on the incidence of sonographic markers in trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses at 14–24 weeks' gestation. Weighted independent estimates of detection rate, false‐positive rate and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) of markers were calculated.

Results

A total of 48 studies was included in the analysis. The pooled estimates of positive and negative LR were, respectively: 5.83 (95% CI, 5.02–6.77) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75–0.86) for intracardiac echogenic focus; 27.52 (95% CI, 13.61–55.68) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) for ventriculomegaly; 23.30 (95% CI, 14.35–37.83) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74–0.85) for increased nuchal fold; 11.44 (95% CI, 9.05–14.47) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86–0.94) for hyperechogenic bowel; 7.63 (95% CI, 6.11–9.51) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89–0.96) for mild hydronephrosis; 3.72 (95% CI, 2.79–4.97) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73–0.88) for short femur; 4.81 (95% CI, 3.49–6.62) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63–0.88) for short humerus; 21.48 (95% CI, 11.48–40.19) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.57–0.88) for aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA); and 23.27 (95% CI, 14.23–38.06) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.36–0.58) for absent or hypoplastic nasal bone. The combined negative LR, obtained by multiplying the values of individual markers, was 0.13 (95% CI, 0.05–0.29) when short femur but not short humerus was included and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.29) when short humerus but not short femur was included.

Conclusion

The presence of sonographic markers increases, and absence of such markers decreases, the risk for trisomy 21. In the case of most isolated markers there is only a small effect on modifying the pre‐test odds for trisomy 21, but with ventriculomegaly,
nuchal fold thickness and ARSA there is a 3–4‐fold increase in risk and with hypoplastic nasal bone a 6–7‐fold increase. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphatic vessels in health and disease
Authors: Kesler Cristina T. , Liao Shan , Munn Lance L. , Padera Timothy P.
Published: December 2012

The lymphatic vasculature plays vital roles in tissue fluid balance, immune defense, metabolism, and cancer metastasis. In adults, lymphatic vessel formation and remodeling occur primarily during inflammation, development of the corpus luteum, wound healing, and tumor growth. Unlike the blood circulation, where unidirectional flow is sustained by the pumping actions of the heart, pumping actions intrinsic to the lymphatic vessels themselves are important drivers of lymphatic flow. This review summarizes critical components that control lymphatic physiology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:111–124. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1201

This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Bhubaneswar – 2012: Proceedings of the Annual General Meeting 2011-2012
Authors: Sawkar R.H. , Rao M.S. , Godhavari K.S.
Published: December 2012

The Annual General Body Meeting of the Geological Society of India was held at Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha on the afternoon of 23 September, 2012. Following convention, a National Seminar on the topic “Mining and Community Welfare” was organized jointly by the Society of Geoscientists and Allied Technologists (SGAT) and the Geological Society of India during 22-23 September, 2012. It is perhaps for the first time that two professional scientific societies in Earth Sciences in India have come together to organize a get-together of geologists, mining engineers and mineral technologists on a very relevant and timely subject. The SGAT has been, since its inception in 1980, actively involved in promoting mineral development activities in India with emphasis on Applied Geology, Mining, Mineral Beneficiation and Extractive Metallurgy. A bi-annual “SGAT Bulletin” of the Society has been encouraging exploration geologists, mining engineers and mineral processing engineers and metallurgists to share the results of their endeavors in the columns of their Journal for the benefit of the wider earth science community, research scholars and students. SGAT has in the process not neglected the environmental, legislative and community welfare aspects of mineral and mining industry and has been rendering valuable advice to the policy makers from time to time.
Mesoproterozoic Differential Metasomatism in Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle of Central Indian Tectonic Zone: Evidence from Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Padhar Mafic-Ultramafic Complex
Authors: Chakraborty Kasturi , Roy Abhinaba
Published: December 2012

Metasomatism above subduction zone is an important process capable of producing a heterogeneous mantle wedge with locally varying characters. This, in turn, leads to variation in character of the mafic and intermediate rocks produced through partial melting of lithospheric mantle. The Padhar mafic-ultramafic complex is situated in western part of the Betul belt, Central India, shows enrichment in Rb, Ba, Th and Pb and depletion in Nb, Hf and Zr. Major and trace element data along with REE, confirms the presence of a metasomatized mantle above a Mesoproterozoic subduction zone. Differential petrological evolution, corresponding to the different magma batches, as reflected in almost all of the binary element / oxide variation diagrams, testifies small scale metasomatic heterogeneity in the underlying suprasubduction zone mantle wedge.
Generation of Granitic Plutons during Crustal Orogenesis: An Example from the Eastern Ghats Granulite Belt
Authors: Kar Rajib
Published: December 2012

Stock-like granite plutons in the Eastern Ghats belt and their host granulites exhibit similar solid state fabric. Both mineralogically and chemically these plutons are peraluminous and granitic in composition with S-type granite affinities. The granite plutons are product of a variety of mica dehydration melting reactions, as evident from their (1) compositional plots in the (FeO + MgO) - Na2O.Al2O3 – K2O.Al2O3(MNK) pseudoternary diagram and (2) trace element contents. Muscovite and/or biotite breakdown reaction with or without plagioclase are the characteristic melting reactions. Restitic signature is evident in the host metapelitic granulites, locally known as khondalites (Qtz-Kfs-Grt-Sil-Fe-Ti oxides-bearing gneisses). The compositional variability of the associated khondalites can be a result of (1) original compositional variation and (2) they represent different stages of restites. Trace element monitoring following restite separation model suggests that these granite plutons are largely saturated equilibrium melts. The granites are chemically discriminated as syn-collisional. The plutons could also be the product of segregation during the regional exhumation of the Eastern Ghats terrain.
Foraminifera from Jurassic Sediments of Keera Dome, Kutch
Authors: Talib A. , Gaur K.N. , Sisodia A.K. , Bhat Bilal A. , Irshad Roohi
Published: December 2012

A foraminiferal assemblage comprising 30 species dominated by the family Vaginulinidae is recovered from the Chari Formation exposed at Keera Dome, Kutch. The paper presents a systematic account of eight species, reported for the first time form the Indian region. Preliminary interpretations regarding age and palaeoenvironment are drawn on the basis of the recovered foraminiferal assemblage. The assemblage supports a Callovian to Oxfordian age for the studied sequence. A near shore, open marine environment ranging from mid to outer shelf is interpreted on the basis of the foraminiferal assemblage.
Hydraulic Significance of Fracture Correlated Lineaments in Precambrian Rocks in Purulia District, West Bengal
Authors: Acharya Tapas , Nag Sisir Kanti , Basumallik Sukumar
Published: December 2012

Filter analysis of lineaments in Precambrian metamorphic rocks was used to delineate fracture-correlated lineaments and hydraulically significant fractures. The unfiltered analysis technique fails to show correlation between major lineaments and fractures. Domain-based and discrete filtering techniques successfully identify fracture-correlated lineaments within the brittle-ductile shear zone in conjunction with fractures characterized by high fracture frequencies (>10/m). The locales of hydraulically significant fractures can thus be assessed if the geological controls governing the spatial distribution of fracture frequencies are computed using structural domain approach. The concurrence of fracture-correlated lineaments and hydraulically significant fractures within the brittle-ductile shear zone is evident.
Lyapunov exponents in Hilbert geometry
Authors: CRAMPON MICKAËL
Published: December 2012

We study the Lyapunov exponents of the geodesic flow of a Hilbert geometry. We prove that all of the information is contained in the shape of the boundary at the endpoint of the chosen orbit. We have to introduce a regularity property of convex functions to make this link precise. As a consequence, Lyapunov manifolds tangent to the Lyapunov splitting appear very easily. All of this work can be seen as a consequence of convexity and the flatness of Hilbert geometries.
You Have to Know Where to Look in Order to Find It: Competitiveness in Botswana's Dominant Party System
Authors: Burchard Stephanie
Published: December 2012

Dominant party systems are defined by a lack of party alternation at the national level; however, dominant party systems do not inherently preclude electoral competition at the macro level, the micro level, or both. Nonetheless, little systematic work has documented the competitiveness of elections under a dominant party system. This article describes the nature of competition under one of sub-Saharan Africa's most enduring dominant party systems, Botswana. By examining electoral outcomes at the constituency level, this article demonstrates that elections in Botswana produce significant levels of competition, especially when compared to other sub-Saharan countries. Furthermore, electoral competitiveness appears unrelated to the party system at large: namely, competitiveness is no less or greater under dominant party systems than under multiparty systems.
TETRAVALENT ARC-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS WITH UNBOUNDED VERTEX-STABILIZERS
Authors: POTOČNIK PRIMOŽ , SPIGA PABLO , VERRET GABRIEL
Published: December 2012

It has long been known that there exist finite connected tetravalent arc-transitive graphs with arbitrarily large vertex-stabilizers. However, beside a well-known family of exceptional graphs, related to the lexicographic product of a cycle with an edgeless graph on two vertices, only a few such infinite families of graphs are known. In this paper, we present two more families of tetravalent arc-transitive graphs with large vertex-stabilizers, each significant for its own reason.
When “Sexuality” Floated Free of Histories in South Asia
Authors: Chatterjee Indrani
Published: December 2012

From the 1960s to the present, scholars of Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, and other regional literatures and cultures have spelled out their differences with either their Freudian or Foucauldian counterparts on the articulation of love, desire, and embodiment in these literatures (Alter 1997; Benton 2006; Dimock 1966; Doniger 1973; Doniger and Kakar 2002; Kakar 1989; Kakar and Ross 1986; Ramanujan 1981; Ramanujan, Rao, and Shulman 1994; Stoler Miller 1977; Sweet 2002; Wujastyk 2005, 2009; Zysk 2002). The subcontinent's textual cultures, they argue, interrogate Freudian notions of human personality as rooted in the “truth” of sexual desire. These scholars placed the study of erotica and the sciences pertaining to human bodies within structures of teaching-learning with very long historical pedigrees.
Age as a Category of Gender Analysis: Servant Girls, Modern Girls, and Gender in Southeast Asia
Authors: Leow Rachel
Published: December 2012

Gail Hershatter's presidential addressat the March 2012 Annual Conference of the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) encouraged historians to regard gender as a tool with which one navigates a messy, fragmented historical terrain, rather than an enclosed house in which one can “sit back and enjoy the view from a single well-appointed location.” The paper that follows can be regarded as an enthusiastic endorsement. Gender history has made enormous inroads into mainstream academia; “gender is everywhere in the scholarship.” But, as Hershatter observes, “it is not the self-same thing wherever it is to be found.” Each of the stories she told illustrated a complex landscape of political change that was only partially visible or legible from inside the “house of gender,” hard-won though it has been. “Perhaps,” she commented wryly, “we need to get out of the house.” For Chinese historians, “disquiet in the house of gender” promises to be immensely productive, offering fresh views of the junctures in Chinese history in which large political projects affect changes in the smaller projects of everyday life, to arrive at an expanded notion of political change and a more complex understanding of what the revolution meant for Chinese women.
Cannabis use as an indicator of risk for mental health problems in adolescents: a population-based study at secondary schools
Authors: van Gastel W. A. , Tempelaar W. , Bun C. , Schubart C. D. , Kahn R. S. , Plevier C. , Boks M. P. M.
Published: December 2012

Background

Although the association between cannabis use and a wide range of psychiatric symptoms is fairly well established, it is not clear whether cannabis use is also a risk factor for general mental health problems at secondary school.

Method

A total of 10 324 secondary school children aged 11–16 years, participating in an ongoing Public Health Service School Survey, gave information on demographics, substance use, school factors and stressful life events and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results

Cannabis use in the past month was associated with a clinically relevant score on the SDQ [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.46–5.76]. Other risk factors associated with poor psychosocial functioning were: a low level of education, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, hard drug use, frequent truancy, an unfavourable school evaluation, feeling unsafe at school, being victimized, frequent absence due to illness, a mentally ill parent, molestation by a parent, financial problems and feeling distressed by an adverse event. In a full model adjusting for these risk factors, cannabis was not significantly associated with mental health problems, although an association at trend level was apparent. Of these risk factors, regular alcohol use, cigarette smoking, hard drug use, frequent truancy, an unfavourable school evaluation and frequent absence due to illness were also associated with cannabis use.

Conclusions

The association between cannabis use and poor psychosocial functioning in adolescence is due, at least in part, to confounding by other risk factors. Thus, cannabis use can best be viewed as an indicator of risk for mental health problems in adolescence.
Dance Returns to American Cultural Diplomacy: The U.S. State Department's 2003 Dance Residency Program and Its After Effects
Authors: Croft Clare
Published: December 2012

By focusing on a 2003 dance residency program sponsored by the U.S. State Department, this article locates twenty-first century American cultural diplomacy in a post-9/11 political context. The article focuses specifically on collaboration between San Francisco–based Margaret Jenkins Dance Company and Kolkata, India–based Tansuree Shankar Dance, which grew from the 2003 residency, to consider how artists find ways to facilitate cultural diplomacy that might be a blueprint for future American cultural diplomacy efforts. The article also addresses, however, the limits of that collaboration—limits that highlight the central tension of American cultural diplomacy: a desire to build relationships of so-called “mutual understanding” while also forwarding American national interests.
Late Modern Lancashire English in lexicographical context: representations of Lancashire speech and theEnglish Dialect Dictionary
Authors: Ruano-García Javier
Published: December 2012

The longstanding vernacular literary pedigree of the county of Lancashire has made it home to a large body of regional writings comparable only to those of the neighbouring Yorkshire. Both past and present scholarship have acknowledged this fact, arguing that the literary tradition of the dialect may be taken as a source to get some insight into the linguistic history of the county. Research so far concentrated on the linguistic mining of Lancashire literary texts has shown that they provide valuable guidance to approach the language of bygone times, especially in terms of phonology and morphology (see Brunner, 1920; Haworth, 1920, 1927; Whitehall, 1929; Shorrocks, 1988, 1992, 1999; Wagner, 1999; Ruano-García, 2007, 2010b). To my knowledge, there is however little research that has attempted to evaluate the lexicographic potential of these documents, and their contribution to Joseph Wright'sEnglish Dialect Dictionary(henceforthEDD), so as to further our understanding of lexical variation in regional Englishes of the Late Modern English period (LModE).
Efficacy and safety of individual second-generation vs. first-generation antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jian-Ping , Gallego Juan A. , Robinson Delbert G. , Malhotra Anil K. , Kane John M. , Correll Christoph U.
Published: December 2012

Because early treatment choice is critical in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES), this meta-analysis compared efficacy and tolerability of individual second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) in FES. We conducted systematic literature search (until 12 December 2010) and meta-analysis of acute, randomized trials with ⩾1 FGA vs. SGA comparison; patients in their first episode of psychosis and diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; available data for psychopathology change, treatment response, treatment discontinuation, adverse effects, or cognition. Across 13 trials (n = 2509), olanzapine (seven trials) and amisulpride (one trial) outperformed FGAs (haloperidol: 9/13 trials) in 9/13 and 8/13 efficacy outcomes, respectively, risperidone (eight trials) in 4/13, quetiapine (one trial) in 3/13 and clozapine (two trials) and ziprasidone (one trial) in 1/13, each. Compared to FGAs, extrapyramidal symptom (EPS)-related outcomes were less frequent with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine, but weight gain was greater with clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone. Pooled SGAs were similar to FGAs regarding total psychopathology change, depression, treatment response and metabolic changes. SGAs significantly outperformed FGAs regarding lower treatment discontinuation, irrespective of cause, negative symptoms, global cognition and less EPS and akathisia, while SGAs increased weight more (p < 0.05–0.01). Results were not affected by FGA dose or publication bias, but industry-sponsored studies favoured SGAs more than federally funded studies. To summarize, in FES, olanzapine, amisulpride and, less so, risperidone and quetiapine showed superior efficacy, greater treatment persistence and less EPS than FGAs. However, weight increase with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine and metabolic changes with olanzapine were greater. Additional FES studies including broader-based SGAs and FGAs are needed.
GEM: A distributed goal evaluation algorithm for trust management
Authors: TRIVELLATO DANIEL , ZANNONE NICOLA , ETALLE SANDRO
Published: December 2012

Trust management is an approach to access control in distributed systems where access decisions are based on policy statements issued by multiple principals and stored in a distributed manner. In trust management, the policy statements of a principal can refer to other principals' statements; thus, the process of evaluating an access request (i.e., a goal) consists of finding a “chain” of policy statements that allows the access to the requested resource. Most existing goal evaluation algorithms for trust management either rely on a centralized evaluation strategy, which consists of collecting all the relevant policy statements in a single location (and therefore they do not guarantee the confidentiality of intensional policies), or do not detect the termination of the computation (i.e., when all the answers of a goal are computed). In this paper, we present GEM, a distributed goal evaluation algorithm for trust management systems that relies on function-free logic programming for the specification of policy statements. GEM detects termination in a completely distributed way without disclosing intensional policies, thereby preserving their confidentiality. We demonstrate that the algorithm terminates and is sound and complete with respect to the standard semantics for logic programs.
Legal Skills: Ensuring ‘Appy Students
Authors: Allbon Emily , Dua Sanmeet Kaur
Published: December 2012

Law has been a little slow off the mark in the UK when it comes to the world of mobile applications (apps). In an environment where students spend more time using mobile applications than they do browsing the internet, the authors were keen to take their Learnmore website to the next stage by developing an app for law students. The Learnmore website (part of the Lawbore suite of resources from City University) has received much attention for its quirky visuals, multimedia learning tools and winning marriage of librarian and student generated content. With an ultimate aim of easing the transition between A-levels and degree and making the ‘building blocks’ of legal skills more interesting. Emily and Sanmeet secured substantial funding from JISC after a call for universities to create mobile apps from existing content, teaming up with a colleague in City University's Human Computer Interaction and Design department. The app was to be designed to help students learn essential legal skills in an innovative way, employing more interaction than was possible via the web. The emphasis on video content meant an early decision to fix on iPad rather than iPhone as the tool for mobile learning. The JISC funding paid for the services of a developer to help bring their ideas to life. This paper looks at the transformation from standard wiki to mobile application; focusing on the process of developing the concept for the app and the major milestones, as well as providing an insight into the expected challenges along the way. These included: working in a multidisciplinary team, communication of ideas, recognising the differences required in design for an app as opposed to a website and managing conflicting visions. The team motto was that creating an app cannot be simply a re-skinning process; but a re-working of content to to ensure a truly effective learning resource.
Research@mofo: Providing a Virtual Enquiry Service
Authors: Breslin Jas
Published: December 2012

This article by Jas Breslin was, again, based on a presentation given at the BIALL Conference in Belfast in June 2012. It provides a background to the implementation of Research@mofo, a centralised enquiry service run by the library team for the benefit of the firm and its clients.
Discovering the Digitised Law Library of Heritage Collections: A Collaborative Achievement Between French Libraries
Authors: Bonello Claire
Published: December 2012

This article, written by Claire Bonello, presents the French collaborative project to digitise, spread and preserve heritage law collections. As a result, Gallica, the French national digital and encyclopedic library, gives freely access to a “law information universe”. This digital law library from heritage collections on Gallica is set to become a central point of access to legal contents for researchers as well as for jurists.
Australian Twin Registry: 30 Years of Progress
Authors: Hopper John L. , Foley Debra L. , White Paul A. , Pollaers Vincent
Published: December 2012

The Australian Twin Registry (ATR) is a national volunteer resource of twin pairs and higher-order multiples willing to consider participating in health, medical, and scientific research. The vision of the ATR is ‘to realize the full potential of research involving twins to improve the health and well-being of all Australians’. The ATR has been funded continuously by the National Health and Medical Council for more than 30 years. Its core functions entail the recruitment and retention of twin members, the maintenance of an up-to-date database containing members’ contact details and baseline information, and the promotion and provision of open access to researchers from all institutes in Australia, and their collaborators, in a fair and equitable manner. The ATR is administered by The University of Melbourne, which acts as custodian. Since the late 1970s the ATR has enrolled more than 40,000 twin pairs of all zygosities and facilitated more than 500 studies that have produced at least 700 peer-reviewed publications from classical twin studies, co-twin control studies, within-pair comparisons, twin family studies, longitudinal twin studies, randomized controlled trials, and epigenetics studies, as well as studies of issues specific to twins. New initiatives include: a Health and Life Style Questionnaire; data collection, management, and archiving using a secure online software program (The Ark); and the International Network of Twin Registries. The ATR's expertise and 30 years of experience in providing services to national and international twin studies has made it an important resource for research across a broad range of disciplines.
The Quebec Newborn Twin Study Into Adolescence: 15 Years Later
Authors: Boivin Michel , Brendgen Mara , Dionne Ginette , Dubois Lise , Pérusse Daniel , Robaey Philippe , Tremblay Richard E. , Vitaro Frank
Published: December 2012

The Quebec Newborn Twin Study (QNTS) is an ongoing prospective longitudinal follow-up of a birth cohort of twins born between 1995 and 1998 in the greater Montreal area, Québec, Canada. The goal of QNTS is to document individual differences in the cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional aspects of developmental health across childhood, their early bio-social determinants, as well as their putative role in later social-emotional adjustment, school and health outcomes. A total of 662 families of twins were initially assessed when the twins were aged 6 months. These twins and their family were then followed regularly. QNTS has 14 waves of data collected or planned, including 5 in preschool. Over the past 15 years, a broad range of physiological, cognitive, behavioral, school, and health phenotypes were documented longitudinally through multi-informant and multi-method measurements. QNTS also entails extended and detailed multi-level assessments of proximal (e.g., parenting behaviors, peer relationships) and distal (e.g., family income) features of the child's environment. This detailed longitudinal information makes QNTS uniquely suited for the study of the role of the early years and gene-environment transactions in development.
Flood frequency hydrology: 3. A Bayesian analysis
Authors: Viglione Alberto , Merz Ralf , Salinas José Luis , Blöschl Günter
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Sensitivity to one extreme flood decreases when including additional information

Additional information reduces uncertainty of flood estimates

Sensitivity to the assumptions on individual pieces of information is small
3‐D active source tomography around Simeulue Island offshore Sumatra: Thick crustal zone responsible for earthquake segment boundary
Authors: Tang Genyang , Barton Penny J. , McNeill Lisa C. , Henstock Timothy J. , Tilmann Frederik , Dean Simon M. , Jusuf Muhammad D. , Djajadihardja Yusuf S. , Permana Haryadi , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Kopp Heidrun
Published: December 2012

We present a detailed 3‐D P‐wave velocity model obtained by first‐arrival travel‐time tomography with seismic refraction data in the segment boundary of the Sumatra subduction zone across Simeulue Island, and an image of the top of the subducted oceanic crust extracted from depth‐migrated multi‐channel seismic reflection profiles. We have picked P‐wave first arrivals of the air‐gun source seismic data recorded by local networks of ocean‐bottom seismometers, and inverted the travel‐times for a 3‐D velocity model of the subduction zone. This velocity model shows an anomalous zone of intermediate velocities between those of oceanic crust and mantle that is associated with raised topography on the top of the oceanic crust. We interpret this feature as a thickened crustal zone in the subducting plate with compositional and topographic variations, providing a primary control on the upper plate structure and on the segmentation of the 2004 and 2005 earthquake ruptures.
Lunar semidiurnal tide in the thermosphere under solar minimum conditions
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Bruinsma Sean , Oberheide Jens
Published: December 2012

Renewed interest in lunar tidal influences on the ionosphere‐thermosphere (IT) system has emerged in connection with recent studies of possible connections between stratospheric warmings and enhanced lunar tidal perturbations of the equatorial ionosphere. By virtue of its gravitational force, the Moon produces perturbations in the temperature, density, pressure, and winds throughout Earth's atmosphere. Lunar tidal winds in the dynamo region (~100–150 km) can furthermore generate electric fields that map into the F‐region and redistribute ionospheric plasma. Direct penetration (propagation) of lunar tides to F‐region heights can also transport ionospheric plasma. Decades‐long satellite data sets now exist that can provide a global perspective on lunar tidal oscillations, but this resource has not yet been exploited for this purpose. In this paper, we examine the global structure of the main M2 (period = 12.42 h) lunar tide through examination of temperatures measured by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics SABER instrument at 110 km and densities at 360 and 480 km inferred from accelerometers on the CHAMP and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, respectively. Ten year mean SABER M2 temperature amplitudes are of order 5–10 K while the corresponding density perturbations during the 2007–2010 solar minimum period approach amplitudes of order 5% at 360 km and 10% at 480 km. The observed amplitudes are large enough to impose non‐negligible day‐to‐day variability on the IT system. Global‐Scale Wave Model simulations provide a theoretical and modeling context for interpreting these data, and moreover enable estimates of E‐ and F‐region winds.
Radio signals from electron beams in terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: Connaughton Valerie , Briggs Michael S. , Xiong Shaolin , Dwyer Joseph R. , Hutchins Michael L. , Grove J. Eric , Chekhtman Alexandre , Tierney Dave , Fitzpatrick Gerard , Foley Suzanne , McBreen Shelia , Bhat P. N. , Chaplin Vandiver L. , Cramer Eric , Fishman Gerald J. , Holzworth Robert H. , Gibby Melissa , von Kienlin Andreas , Meegan Charles A. , Paciesas William S. , Preece Robert D. , Wilson‐Hodge Colleen
Published: December 2012

We show that the rate of association between terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) observed by the Fermi gamma ray burst monitor and VLF discharges detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) depends strongly on the duration of the TGF, with the shortest TGFs having associated WWLLN events over 50% of the time, and the longest TGFs showing a less than 10% match rate. This correlation is stronger if one excludes the WWLLN discharges that are not simultaneous (within 200 µs) with the TGF. We infer that the simultaneous VLF discharges are from the relativistic electron avalanches that are responsible for the flash of gamma rays and the nonsimultaneous VLF discharges are from related intracloud lightning strokes. The distributions of far‐field radiated VLF stroke energy measured by WWLLN for the simultaneous and nonsimultaneous discharges support the hypothesis of two discrete populations of VLF signals associated with TGFs, with the simultaneous discharges among the strongest measured by WWLLN.
New insights from seismic tomography on the complex geodynamic evolution of two adjacent domains: Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea
Authors: Monna S. , Cimini G. B. , Montuori C. , Matias L. , Geissler W. H. , Favali P.
Published: December 2012

In this study, we present a three‐dimensional P wave upper‐mantle tomography model of the southwest Iberian margin and Alboran Sea based on teleseismic arrival times recorded by Iberian and Moroccan land stations and by a seafloor network deployed for 1 year in the Gulf of Cadiz area during the European Commission Integrated observations from NEAR shore sourcES of Tsunamis: towards an early warning system (EC NEAREST) project. The three‐dimensional model was computed down to 600 km depth. The tomographic images exhibit significant velocity contrasts, as large as 3%, confirming the complex evolution of this plate boundary region. Prominent high‐velocity anomalies are found beneath Betics‐Alboran Sea, off‐shore southwest Portugal, and north Portugal, at sublithospheric depths. The transition zones between high‐ and low‐velocity anomalies in southwest and south Iberia are associated to the contact of oceanic and continental lithosphere. The fast structure below the Alboran Sea‐Granada area depicts an L‐shaped body steeply dipping from the uppermost mantle to the transition zone where it becomes less curved. This anomaly is consistent with the results of previous tomographic investigations and recent geophysical data such as stress distribution, GPS measurements of plate motion, and anisotropy patterns. In the Atlantic domain, under the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, the main feature is a high‐velocity zone found at uppermost mantle depths. This feature appears laterally separated from the positive anomaly recovered in the Alboran domain by the interposition of low‐velocity zones which characterize the lithosphere beneath the southwest Iberian peninsula margin, suggesting that there is no continuity between the high‐velocity anomalies of the two domains west and east of the Gibraltar Strait.
The effect of zonal asymmetries in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation on ozone and water vapor distributions in the northern middle atmosphere
Authors: Demirhan Bari D. , Gabriel A. , Körnich H. , Peters D. W. H.
Published: December 2012

The longitudinal variations in the time‐mean transport by the Brewer‐Dobson circulation are studied using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) residual circulation approach to analyze the effects on zonal asymmetries in stratospheric ozone (O3) and middle atmospheric water vapor (H2O). For January, the monthly mean residual winds, including both the Eulerian flow and the eddy‐induced time‐mean flow, were derived from general circulation model simulations with interactive chemistry (HAMMONIA), reanalysis (ERA‐Interim), and satellite data (Aura/MLS). Extending the picture of the zonal mean two‐dimensional Brewer‐Dobson circulation, we find a 3‐D circulation structure in relation to the zonal wave one in the middle atmosphere, including northward and downward residual winds over northern Europe/Asia with the downwelling directed toward the center of the polar vortex over northern Siberia, as well as southward and upward residual winds over the northern Pacific/Aleutians, and a pronounced cross‐polar transport from Asia to North America in the middle stratosphere. The residual advection of O3 and H2O shows that the observed wave one patterns in O3 and H2O are produced by the zonal asymmetries in the residual mass transport in which Eulerian and eddy time‐mean transports are largely counteracting. In comparison to observations, the model underestimates the effects of planetary waves but overestimates those of transient waves in configuring the stationary waves in O3 and H2O. Overall, the 3‐D residual circulation approach provides a useful diagnostic for understanding regional differences in middle atmospheric trace gas distributions and for validating general circulation models with interactive chemistry.
Tidal influence on soil conditions in an intertidal creek‐marsh system
Authors: Xin Pei , Li Ling , Barry D. A.
Published: December 2012

Key Points

Six indices describing the soil conditions in salt marshes were studied

Effects of monochromatic and spring‐neap tides were examined

Marsh morphology and tidal regime jointly affect the soil conditions
Tumour cells can employ extracellular Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6 and multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (MINPP1) dephosphorylation to improve their proliferation
Authors: Windhorst Sabine , Lin Hongying , Blechner Christine , Fanick Werner , Brandt Laura , Brehm Maria A. , Mayr Georg W.
Published: December 2012

InsP6 [Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6; phytate] is the most abundant inositol phosphate in mammalian cells with cytosolic/nuclear concentrations of up to 50 μM. We noticed that InsP6 in culture medium at a concentration of ≤50 μM significantly stimulates H1299 tumour cell growth, whereas larger concentrations of InsP6 inhibit growth. A detailed study of the fate of 30 μM InsP6 added to H199 cells revealed a major fraction of InsP6 initially precipitates as cell-surface metal complexes, but becomes slowly re-solubilized by extracellular dephosphorylation first to InsP3 isomers and subsequently to free myo-inositol. The precipitated metal–InsP6 complex is endocytosed in a receptor-independent but intact-glycocalyx-dependent manner and appears in lysosomes, where it is immediately dephosphorylated to Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and very slowly to free inositol. By RNA knockdown, we identified secreted and lysosome targeted MINPP1 (multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1), the mammalian 3-phytase, to be essentially involved both in extracellular and in lysosomal InsP6 dephosphorylation. The results of the present study indicate that tumour cells employ this enzyme to utilize the micronutrients myo-inositol and metal-phosphate when encountering extracellular InsP6 and thus to enhance their growth potential.
L’interception de la supraclusion
Authors: Philippe Julien
Published: December 2012

La supraclusion apparaît quand l’égression naturelle des incisives n’est arrêtée ni par
l’interposition de tissus mous, ni par l’affrontement en bout à bout des incisives,
pendant leur évolution. Dans les malocclusions de la classe II, division 2, lors des
mouvements de propulsion et de latéroclusion, le bout à bout incisif est empêché par des
interférences occlusales liées à ce type de malocclusion, ou à des manoeuvres
orthodontiques inopportunes. L’interception est assurée, lors de l’éruption des incisives,
par un dispositif simple qui transmet la force occlusale aux incisives lorsque leur
affrontement ne se produit pas du fait de la malocclusion.
Traitements orthodontiques en une ou deux phases :
comparaisons
Authors: Bailleau Aude , Aknin Jean-Jacques , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: December 2012

Introduction : Le choix du moment optimal de début du traitement en
orthopédie dento-faciale est un sujet discuté par de nombreux auteurs. Il est d’autant
plus complexe qu’il existe différentes approches thérapeutiques. Ainsi, face à une
malocclusion de classe II, division 1 d’Angle, une approche consiste à proposer une phase
interceptive en denture mixte, suivie d’une phase de surveillance puis d’une phase
d’alignement en denture adolescente. Au contraire, une autre approche consiste à attendre
la denture adolescente pour traiter en une phase. Matériel et méthodes : Nous
avons réalisé une étude clinique portant sur 65 sujets présentant une classe II, division
1 : 33 sujets traités en une phase en denture adolescente et 32 sujets traités en deux
phases en denture mixte en début de traitement actif. Les sujets ont le même âge au début
du traitement et sont traités par thérapeutique Distal Active Concept
(DAC). Résultats : La correction du décalage des bases osseuses,
l’augmentation de la diagonale mandibulaire et la stabilité du surplomb incisif sont
significativement améliorés dans le groupe traité en deux phases. Nous supposons que les
fonctions oro-faciales s’établiraient plus progressivement et plus sûrement dans ce nouvel
environnement.
Phonon linewidths measured by neutron scattering
Authors: Lubkin Gloria B.
Published: December 2012

Two Brookhaven experimenters, John D. Axe and Gen Shirane, have used inelastic neutron scattering to detect the influence of the superconducting energy gap upon phonon lifetimes in Nb3Sn. Speaking at the January meeting of the American Physical Society in New York, Axe said their results yield estimates of the superconducting energy gap and the size and anisotropy of the electron-phonon coupling. Axe and Shirane feel that their method of using inelastic neutron scattering will be useful in studying lowlying electron excitations in superconductors.