bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early myocardial damage and microvascular dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study with cold pressor test
Authors: Galea Nicola , Rosato Edoardo , Gigante Antonietta , Borrazzo Cristian , Fiorelli Andrea , Barchetti Giovanni , Trombetta Amelia Chiara , Digiulio Maria Anna , Francone Marco , Catalano Carlo , Carbone Iacopo
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Cardiac involvement in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is increasingly recognized as a mayor cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of present study is to investigate the early stages of cardiac involvement in SSc by Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), combining the non-invasive detection of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis using T2 and T1 mapping techniques and the assessment of microcirculatory impairment through perfusion response to cold pressor test (CPT).

Methods

40 SSc patients (30 females, mean age: 42.1 years) without cardiac symptoms and 10 controls underwent CMR at 1.5 T unit. CMR protocol included: native and contrast-enhanced T1 mapping, T2 mapping, T2-weighted, cineMR and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Microvascular function was evaluated by comparing myocardial blood flow (MBF) on perfusion imaging acquired at rest and after CPT. Native myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), T2 signal intensity ratio, biventricular volumes and LGE were assessed in each patient.

Results

SSc patients had significantly higher mean myocardial T1 (1029±32ms vs. 985±18ms, p<0.01), ECV (30.1±4.3% vs. 26.7±2.4%, p<0.05) and T2 (50.1±2.8ms vs. 47±1.5ms, p<0.01) values compared with controls. No significant differences were found between absolute MBF values at rest and after CPT; whereas lower MBF variation after CPT was observed in SSc patients (+33 ± 14% vs. +44 ± 12%, p<0.01). MBF variation had inverse correlation with native T1 values (r: -0.32, p<0.05), but not with ECV.

Conclusions

Myocardial involvement in SSc at preclinical stage increases native T1, T2 and ECV values, reflecting inflammation and fibrosis, and reduces vasodilatory response to CPT, as expression of microvascular dysfunction.
Effect of the polishing procedure and surface sealant application on fluoride release
Authors: Ugurlu Muhittin
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of the polishing procedure and surface sealant application on the fluoride release of restorative materials. Material and Methods: The groups were consisted of using five different restorative materials were employed: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer and Fuji IX GP. 30 disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) were prepared from each material. Each group was subdivided into three groups considering finishing procedures: Mylar strip, polishing with Super-Snap discs, G-Coat Plus application after polishing with Super-Snap discs. The amount of fluoride released into distilled water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours, followed by measurement on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 28.  Surface analysis of the materials was performed with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA and LSD test (p=0.05). Results: The highest amount of fluoride released was measured after the first 24 h for all materials. Beautifil II released less fluoride than other materials in all measurement periods (p<0.05). After polishing, the amount of fluoride released from all materials except Beautifil II increased (p<0.05). The application of G-Coat Plus did not impact the amount of fluoride release of any materials (p>0.05). EDS analysis showed the most percentage of oxygen in all materials. Conclusion: The polishing procedure might induce an increase in fluoride release of glass ionomer-based materials, and the application of G-Coat Plus cannot affect the amount of fluoride release.
 
Keywords
Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; Fluoride; Glass ionomer cement.
Generation I and Generation II Elastomeric Chains Characteristics Comparison in Artificial Saliva Immersion
Authors: Subroto Marisa Icha Aisya , Putri Anindita Permata Hardarini , Putri Leliana Sandra Devi Ade , Hidayati Lusi
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the force decay and discoloration in Generation I and Generation II elastomeric chain on artificial saliva immersion. Material and methods: Generation I and Generation II elastomeric chains stretched on an acrylic board and immersed in artificial saliva for 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days according to the group of days. On each specified day, the force of each sample measured by an orthodontic force gauge and the magnitude of the force obtained is entered to the formula to find out the force decay in percentage, whereas discoloration of each sample analyzed by the color reader with CIE Lab analysis. Results: The force decay between Generation I and Generation II elastomeric chains showed a statistically significant difference in every group of days, in which Generation II is more effective in maintaining stretch force. Similar to force decay, the discoloration in Generation I elastomeric chains on the 14th day showed significant value and Generation II elastomeric chains were more stable in maintaining color compared to Generation I. Conclusions: over the entire research period time, Generation II elastomeric chains are more stable in maintaining stretch forces and color compared to Generation I elastomeric chains.
KEYWORDS
Discoloration; Elastomeric chain; Force decay; Generation I; Generation II.
Effect antioxidants application on microshear bond strength of universal adhesive to bleached enamel
Authors: Machado Ana Luiza , Nascimento Dayana , Coelho Junior Paulo , França Fabiana , Turssi Cecilia , Basting Roberta , Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To evaluate, in vitro, the influence of antioxidants (green tea extract - GT and sodium ascorbate - SA) on microshear bond strength (?SBS) of a universal adhesive system – self-etching mode (UAS) to bleached enamel. Material and Methods: After obtaining 50 fragments of human dental enamel (4 mm x 4 mm), forty fragments were submitted to at-home bleaching technique using 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF, Ultradent) for two hours/day, for four weeks. They were randomly divided in four groups (n=10): GT - 10% aqueous GT solution (60 minutes); SA - 10% SA solution (10 minutes); Negative control - no antioxidant agent, immediately restored; PC1 (positive control 1) - no antioxidant agent, restored 14 days the bleaching procedure. Ten enamel fragments were assigned to PC2 group (positive control 2), in which the adhesive procedures were realized in non-bleached enamel. The UAS (Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied on enamel surface according to manufacturer’s instructions and two cylinders (0,8 mm diameter) of nanoparticulate composite resin (Z350, 3M ESPE) were made on each sample. After 24 hours, the cylinders were submitted to ?SBS in a universal test machine (0.5 mm/min). Fracture mode was evaluated in stereomicroscope (40x magnification). SBS data, in MPa, was submitted to one-way ANOVA (?=0,05). Results: There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups (p=0,545). The fracture mode demonstrated that there was predominance of adhesive fracture in all groups. Conclusion: Neither the bleaching procedure nor the application of antioxidants to bleached enamel interfered in the bond strength of the tested universal adhesive system.
KEYWORDS
Antioxidants; Dental bleaching; Shear strength.
Educação Estético-Ambiental e Cúpula Geodésica: conexões pedagógicas
Authors: Müller de Andrade Danielle , Brandão Schmidt Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Este artigo, produzido a partir de uma pesquisa de doutorado, tem como objetivo discutir a influência de uma cúpula geodésica no desenvolvimento da Educação Estético-Ambiental no ensino formal. A pesquisa tem como colaboradores alunos e professoras que idealizaram e construíram uma cúpula geodésica no Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense – Campus Pelotas – Visconde da Graça. As informações foram produzidas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisadas a partir da metodologia Análise Textual Discursiva, proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi. Os resultados indicam que a cúpula geodésica é uma inovadora sala de aula que fomenta o desenvolvimento da Educação Estético-Ambiental, pois amplia as possibilidades de contato com o ambiente natural e propicia o diálogo, o estímulo à sensibilidade e a reflexão crítica sobre a realidade.
Educação Ambiental na composição da vida: música e paisagem pampeana como elementos de força ativa
Authors: Vieira Virgínia Tavares , Lobato Schlee Renata
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo busca investigar que outras Educações Ambientais são possíveis a partir da música pampeana do Brasil e do Uruguai. Sustentada nos estudos de Michel Foucault e autores do campo da educação e da educação ambiental numa perspectiva do pós-estruturalismo, a pesquisa tensiona as relações entre a música e a paisagem do Pampa, a partir de duas estéticas. A Estética do frio, do músico Vitor Ramil, e o Templadismo dos músicos uruguaios Jorge Drexler e Daniel Drexler. Entre tais concepções estéticas há uma relação entre a música, a paisagem do pampa, os lugares o clima frio e temperado na formação de um modo de ser, de compor e de se tornar sujeito. Dessa forma, o presente estudo compreende a música como uma prática cultural potente capaz de contribuir num processo de educação, de (trans)formações que giram em torno das relações humano e natureza; da relações com os espaços, com as paisagens; na construção de outros modos de pensar a Educação e a Educação Ambiental.
Avaliação da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes idosos atendidos em um Ambulatório de Geriatria
Authors: Da Trindade Ellen Oliveira , De Melo Souto Rosa Águida Donosora , Alves Gislayne Azevedo de Campos , Magalhães Hemerson Iury Ferreira
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adesão à terapia medicamentosa, por pacientes idosos atendidos pelo serviço ambulatorial de geriatria, em Hospital Universitário localizado em João Pessoa – Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos os pacientes de ambos os sexos, com 60 anos ou mais, que possuíam consultas agendadas e estavam em uso regular de medicamentos. A amostra compôs-se de 88 idosos, a coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma entrevista realizada antes da consulta médica. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um questionário contemplando variáveis socioeconômicas e inerentes ao uso de medicamentos, seguido da Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT). Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico IBM SPSS® versão 20.0 para Windows®. Os resultados demonstraram uma população com 72,6 ± 7,4 anos, majoritariamente feminina (78,4%). A partir da aplicação da MAT a frequência de não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso foi de 40,9%, enquanto que 59,1% foram considerados aderentes. A polifarmácia foi relatada por 50% dos idosos, 82,9% eram hipertensos e apenas 12,5% informou nunca ter se esquecido de tomar os medicamentos. A dificuldade em aquisição destes foi relatada por 46,6%, e 52,3% dependem em parte da distribuição de medicamentos básicos e especializados através do SUS. Apesar da maioria dos idosos terem se mostrado aderentes ao tratamento medicamentoso, um número importante foi considerado não aderente. A busca por melhores índices de adesão deve ser objetivada por toda a equipe de saúde, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida para os idosos usuários de medicamentos.
Impurezas de arquivo
Authors: Trigo Maria Ilda
Published: December 2020

Este artigo trata da reelaboração do conceito de arquivo a partir da práxis artística. Apresenta e problematiza o percurso que levou a autora de uma percepção ingênua – ou ainda idealizada – da prática arquivística à concepção de arquivo como centro de forças na maioria das vezes dissonantes. Apoia-se, para isso, na própria experiência artística de que trata (e em seu relato) e, por outro lado, numa série de questões suscitadas por autores que, contemporaneamente, têm se dedicado a pensar os arquivos no contexto das práticas discursivas que o perpassam.
Breve análise do sistema de arte impressa brasileiro
Authors: Ferrari Mélodi
Published: December 2020

O fenômeno recente do surgimento de feiras de arte impressa, pós década de 2010, no Brasil e em outros países ocidentais, cria um sistema da arte que funciona de forma distinta do grande circuito internacional de galerias comerciais consolidadas no mercado de arte. Assim sendo, esse artigo busca identificar os agentes desse setor através do mapeamento da circulação de arte impressa no país, da apresentação de conceitos básicos sobre mercados e legitimação da arte através de uma perspectiva da sociologia da arte focada nesse subsistema de arte impressa, conceito criado pela autora.
Contágio como sobrevivência
Authors: Schneedorf Ferreira da Silva José Roberto
Published: December 2020

O coletivo Gran Fury, ativo entre 1987 e 1996, permanece disseminador de conteúdo através do domínio público, que tanto sequencia quanto define sua prática. Sua existência demonstra uma dinâmica de formação de coletivos de arte, ordenada por fenômenos agenciadores de identidade, separatistas e identificatórios, que apontam indivíduos a partir de certas características atributivas. Posicionados vis a vis nesse exceto social, tais indivíduos reconhecem-se e agrupam-se em razão das mesmas características. A arte gestada nesses lugares de exclusão tende a tornar-se pública por seus próprios meios e atuar em sentido de resistência, manobrando linguagens, materiais, suportes e formatos veiculares de obras que tanto operem quanto sedimentem o conceito de publicação de artista.
Resenha: SAQUET, Marcos Aurélio. Saber popular, práxis territorial e contra-hegemonia
Authors: Silva Emerson Ferreira da
Published: December 2020

O Professor Dr. Marcos Aurélio Saquet tem uma consolidada carreira acadêmica, onde desenvolve estudos marcados pelo comprometimento com a transformação social. Saquet é doutor em Geografia pela UNESP - Presidente Prudente e fez doutorado sanduíche na Universià Ca Foscari di Venezia e Pós-Doutorado no Politecnico e Università de Torino - Itália. Foi professor visitante e membro de grupos de pesquisa em várias instituições na América Latina e Europa. Também desenvolve pesquisas na região Sudoeste do Paraná voltadas para a construção da autonomia dos atores sociais frente à opressão do sistema econômico hegemônico. São essas experiências que fazem com que a obra “Saber popular, práxis territorial e contra-hegemonia” seja um trabalho que consegue inserir-se em grandes debates, como colonização e o papel da ciência, ao mesmo tempo em que apresenta resultados concretos de pesquisa e ação com o povo, no campo e na cidade. A obra é uma leitura obrigatória para todos e todas que desejam fazer uma ciência a serviço da transformação social.
Export Determinants: A Function for Competitive Advantages An Applied Study in Jordanian Medicament Companies
Authors: Assayah Dr. Abed Alsttar Mustafa
Published: December 2020

The study aimed at testing the effect of export determinants on the competitive advantages from the point of view of a sample that consists of (194) personnel working for Jordanian medicament companies. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a sample clarifying the relations and the effects between the variants of the study was designed, from which two hypotheses were derived: one is concerned with correlations and the other is related to the effects. The relations were tested based on Spearman Correlation Coefficient and the effect of the Multiple Linear Regression with a confidence interval estimations of about P≤0.05. An analysis of the results and its interpretation has proved that: 1- There is a strong inverse relation with a moral correlation coefficient (rs = 0.91) between export determinants and competitive advantages. 2- Counting on the export determinants as a function for the competitive advantages as the Regression sample R2 has showed that 74.8% of contrast of the competitive advantages is attributed to the export determinants.
Live Captioning for Live Lectures – An Initiative to Enhance Language Acquisition in Second Language Learners, through Mobile Learning
Authors: Sooryah N. , Soundarya Dr.K.R.
Published: December 2020

World is networked through internet today. There are various mobile Applications, which help people in many different ways, based on the purpose of the application. Due to the pandemic lockdown, now-a-days, the classes are conducted online, through modes like, video lectures and video conferencing. Apart from the forced school environment, one can create their own environment to study through online classes. Apart from the established online courses that already have study material and subtitles, the live classes for under graduate students, who begin to explore online education, get the first blow in understanding and educating themselves. Many students find it difficult to listen to lectures through video conferencing because of a cluster of students with different proficiency levels. In a classroom scenario, with the use of blackboard method or power-point presentation, the students somehow get the idea of the subject. That way, if not by listening to the teacher, visual aids help the students to grasp in a better fashion. The purpose of this study is to propose the development of a mobile application, to reduce the difficulties in listening lectures online. The application might act as a caption provider in the video lecture that helps the students to comprehend the subject better. This study is based on a survey taken among 100 undergraduate students from a particular institution in India, to enquire the hardships and hurdles of learning through online lectures. The result of the analysis provided the preference of captioned videos in video lectures for enhancing the purpose of online lectures. This study tries to prove the hardships of non-native speakers of English, while attending video lectures and providing a solution to the aforementioned, based on the survey, by implementing the idea of a mobile application to provide captions, during the live lecture.
The Use of SSL and TLS Protocols in Providing a Secure Environment for e-commerce Sites
Authors: Sayal M.A. , Alameady M.H. , Albermany S.A.
Published: December 2020

The problem is that e-commerce is not reliable and people are afraid to buy things and make transactions with commercial websites. Only some well-known companies have a known digital document from where it was issued. To solve this problem and to document any individual commercial website, We suggested to design a personal commercial website, it is a website to buy books and enable access to a domain by purchasing it from the digital ocean cloud, then a server is installed in this domain and then we connect it to the digital certification from the website (lets encrypt), where certain software are added to client (certbot, root) server assistant program, and we have linked the server and the certification together via Linux instructions and codes. The commercial website. (PHP3.PHP) has been tested in SSL laboratories and the results are the division of service sites into three categories: current, best current, and worst currently with details of categories, and what are the weaknesses.
Epileptic Seizures Prediction Using Deep Learning Methods on EEG Recordings
Authors: Maragatham G. , Devi T. Kirthiga , Savaridassan P. , Garg Sachin
Published: December 2020

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that disturbs the brain and causes abnormal brain activity. It results in loss of awareness in some cases and unusual behavior and sensations. In this regard, if the seizures could be identified in its earlier stages then the patient can be provided appropriate care and treatment in time and prevent any severe damage to the patient as a whole. In this paper, we try to detect epilepsy using the EEG Signal Recordings and classify them using pre-trained CNN models between preictal and interictal classes. For this we are advocating the use of American Society for Epilepsy Dataset. The focus is on detecting the epilepsy pattern from the EEG recordings in a timely and accurate manner.
Zrównoważone systemy żywnościowe w kontekście reformy Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej – aspekty prawne
Authors: Leśkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest wstępne ustalenie, czy projektowane założenia Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na lata 2021–2027 można uznać za sprzyjające celom zrównoważonych systemów żywnościowych ujętym w strategii Komisji Europejskiej „Od pola do stołu”. Zdaniem autorki niektóre cele Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej zawarte w TFUE korespondują z założeniami zrównoważonych systemów żywnościowych ujętymi w omówionym dokumencie – strategii „Od pola do stołu” . Ostateczna ocena tego, czy nowa Wspólna Polityka Rolna przyniesie efekty w obszarze budowania zrównoważonych systemów żywnościowych będzie wymagać odwołania się nie tylko do przyszłej regulacji prawnej, odpowiadającej kolejnemu okresowi finansowania, ale także do skutków jej stosowania w przyszłości. Radykalna zmiana kierunku Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej i realizacja celów zrównoważonego rozwoju może doprowadzić do konfrontacji i konkurencji instrumentów wsparcia dochodów rolniczych z instrumentami ochrony środowiska, w tym klimatu, kosztem tych ostatnich.
Redukcja emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzenia rolniczego w świetle międzynarodowego i unijnego prawa ochrony klimatu
Authors: Goździewicz-Biechońska Justyna
Published: December 2020

Celem rozważań jest odtworzenie systemu norm międzynarodowego i unijnego prawa ochrony klimatu dotyczących redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzenia rolniczego, a w konsekwencji określenie wymogów prawnych dla rolnictwa jako sektora włączonego do wysiłku redukcyjnego w tym zakresie. Obecnie ani na poziomie międzynarodowym, ani unijnym nie ma osobnej, sektorowej regulacji dotyczącej tego zagadnienia. Można jednak zauważyć włączanie tej tematyki zarówno do umów międzynarodowych (z porozumieniem paryskim na czele), dokumentów strategicznych w ramach unijnej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej, jak i aktów prawa wtórnego UE. Rok 2020 jest przełomowym okresem, w którym następują podsumowania i zamykanie okresów sprawozdawczych oraz planowanie nowych działań na rzecz klimatu (zwłaszcza w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu). Wskazuje to na rosnące znaczenie i prognozowany rozwój tej dziedziny regulacyjnej, co odzwierciedla postępującą zmianę ideologiczną co do potencjału sektora rolniczego w działaniach na rzecz klimatu, a w szczególności redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzenia rolniczego.
Existence Results for the Conformal Dirac–Einstein System
Authors: Guidi Chiara , Maalaoui Ali , Martino Vittorio
Published: December 2020

We consider the coupled system given by the first variation of the conformal Dirac–Einstein functional. We will show existence of solutions by means of perturbation methods.
Nachhaltige Arbeit
Authors: Jochum Georg , Barth Thomas , Brandl Sebastian , Tomažič Ana Cárdenas , Hofmeister Sabine , Littig Beate , Matuschek Ingo , Ulrich Stephan , Warsewa Günter
Published: December 2020

In der Debatte und wissenschaftlichen Forschung zur Zukunft der Arbeit finden ökologische Aspekte noch immer geringe Beachtung. Zugleich wird im Diskurs um Nachhaltigkeit das Thema Arbeit selten berücksichtigt. Um diese Defizite zu beheben, wird in dem Artikel mit Bezug auf das Leitbild der ‚Nachhaltigen Arbeit‘ eine Forschungsagenda zur sozial-ökologischen Transformation der gegenwärtigen Arbeitsgesellschaft entwickelt. Fokussiert auf die Themenbereiche der Transformation der Erwerbsarbeitssphäre, des Verhältnisses von bezahlten und unbezahlten Arbeiten, der globalen Zusammenhänge der Arbeitsgesellschaften, der Bedeutung der Digitalisierung für nachhaltige Arbeit sowie der Governance von Arbeit werden neue arbeitssoziologische Forschungsfelder erschlossen.
Sibling Rivalry: Evidence from China’s Compulsory Schooling Reform
Authors: Fang Guanfu , Chen Yu
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the causal effect of older siblings’ schooling on their younger siblings’ schooling and labor market outcomes by exploiting the temporal and geographical variations in the implementation of compulsory schooling laws in China. Reform exposure is quantified as the number of years that an individual is eligible for compulsory education. We find that older siblings’ exposure to compulsory schooling reform had negative impacts on their younger siblings’ academic achievement and labor market performance. We provide some suggestive evidence for the mechanism of resource reallocation within households. These findings suggest that we may be overestimating the social benefits of compulsory schooling reforms by ignoring the resources constraints within households and the spillover effects on siblings.
Die Stadtbibliothek als Filmparadies
Authors: Daniel Frank
Published: December 2020

Bibliotheken bieten auch technisch Unkundigen einen demokratischen, nicht-kommerziellen Rahmen für das Ausprobieren neuer technischer Trends. Angesichts des sich entwickelnden Video-Streaming-Markts und zurückgehender DVD-Entleihungen wurde in der Stadtbibliothek Köln der Dienst filmfriend eingeführt, allerdings erst nachdem ein für beide Seiten akzeptables Lizenzmodell gefunden wurde. Filmstreaming ist zwar kein Ersatz für einen umfangreichen DVD-Bestand, aber die zeit- und ortsunabhängige parallele Zugriffsmöglichkeit bringt für die Bibliotheksmitglieder eine erhebliche Komfortsteigerung mit sich – nicht nur in Pandemiezeiten. Vor allem aber handelt es sich trotz der begrenzten Titelauswahl um ein imagestärkendes Angebot, das man von Bibliotheken so nicht erwartet und das sich sehr gut in weitere Bibliotheksaktivitäten einfügt – von pädagogisch begleiteten Vermittlungsaktionen bis hin zum Selbermachen im 2020 in der Stadtbibliothek Köln eröffneten Studio für YouTube-Videos.
Improving Access to Scientific Literature with Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Auer Sören , Oelen Allard , Haris Muhammad , Stocker Markus , D’Souza Jennifer , Farfar Kheir Eddine , Vogt Lars , Prinz Manuel , Wiens Vitalis , Jaradeh Mohamad Yaser
Published: December 2020

The transfer of knowledge has not changed fundamentally for many hundreds of years: It is usually document-based-formerly printed on paper as a classic essay and nowadays as PDF. With around 2.5 million new research contributions every year, researchers drown in a flood of pseudo-digitized PDF publications. As a result research is seriously weakened. In this article, we argue for representing scholarly contributions in a structured and semantic way as a knowledge graph. The advantage is that information represented in a knowledge graph is readable by machines and humans. As an example, we give an overview on the Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG), a service implementing this approach. For creating the knowledge graph representation, we rely on a mixture of manual (crowd/expert sourcing) and (semi-)automated techniques. Only with such a combination of human and machine intelligence, we can achieve the required quality of the representation to allow for novel exploration and assistance services for researchers. As a result, a scholarly knowledge graph such as the ORKG can be used to give a condensed overview on the state-of-the-art addressing a particular research quest, for example as a tabular comparison of contributions according to various characteristics of the approaches. Further possible intuitive access interfaces to such scholarly knowledge graphs include domain-specific (chart) visualizations or answering of natural language questions.
Spinal cord segmentation and injury detection using a Crow Search-Rider optimization algorithm
Authors: Jasim Munavar , Brindha Thomas
Published: December 2020

The damage in the spinal cord due to vertebral fractures may result in loss of sensation and muscle function either permanently or temporarily. The neurological condition of the patient can be improved only with the early detection and the treatment of the injury in the spinal cord. This paper proposes a spinal cord segmentation and injury detection system based on the proposed Crow search-Rider Optimization-based DCNN (CS-ROA DCNN) method, which can detect the injury in the spinal cord in an effective manner. Initially, the segmentation of the CT image of the spinal cord is performed using the adaptive thresholding method, followed by which the localization of the disc is performed using the Sparse FCM clustering algorithm (Sparse-FCM). The localized discs are subjected to a feature extraction process, where the features necessary for the classification process are extracted. The classification process is done using DCNN trained using the proposed CS-ROA, which is the integration of the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) and Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA). The experimentation is performed using the evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The proposed method achieved the high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.874, 0.8961, and 0.8828, respectively that shows the effectiveness of the proposed CS-ROA DCNN method in spinal cord injury detection.
Prediction of salivary cortisol level by electroencephalography features
Authors: Savareh Behrouz Alizadeh , Bashiri Azadeh , Hatef Mohammad Mehdi , Hatef Boshra
Published: December 2020

Change in cortisol affects brain EEG signals. So, the identification of the significant EEG features which are sensitized to cortisol concentration was the aim of the present study. From 468 participated healthy subjects, the salivary samples were taken to test the cortisol concentration and EEG signal recording was done simultaneously. Then, the subjects were categorized into three classes based on the salivary cortisol concentration (<5, 5–15 and >15 nmol/l). Some linear and nonlinear features extracted and finally, in order to investigate the relationship between cortisol level and EEG features, the following steps were taken on features in sequence: Genetic Algorithm, Neighboring Component Analysis, polyfit, artificial neural network and support vector machine classification. Two classifications were considered as following: state 1 categorized the subjects into three groups (three classes) and the second state put them into two groups (group 1: class 1 and 3, group 2: class 2). The best classification was done using ANN in the second state with the accuracy=94.1% while it was 92.7% in the first state. EEG features carefully predicted the cortisol level. This result is applicable to design the intelligence brain computer machines to control stress and brain performance.
Confocal laser microscopy without fluorescent dye in minimal-invasive thoracic surgery: an ex-vivo pilot study in lung cancer
Authors: Ellebrecht David Benjamin , Kuempers Christiane , Perner Sven , Kugler Christian , Kleemann Markus
Published: December 2020

Cancer will be the leading cause of death in a few decades. In line with minimal invasive lung cancer surgery, surgeons loose most of their tactile tissue information and need an additional tool of intraoperative tissue navigation during surgery. Confocal laser microscopy is a well-established method of tissue investigation. In this ex-vivo pilot study, we evaluated an endoscopic confocal laser microscope (eCLM) that does not need any fluorescent dye as a diagnostic tool in non-malignant and malignant pulmonary tissue and distal stapler resection margins, respectively. In seven cases, an eCLM was used for examining pulmonary tissue ex-vivo. Images of non-malignant and non-small cell lung cancer tissue and distal stapler resection margins were characterized in terms of specific signal-patterns. No fluorescent dye was used. Correlations to findings in conventional histology were systematically recorded and described. Healthy lung tissue showed hyperreflectoric alveolar walls with dark alveolar spaces. Hyperreflective nets indicated the tumor stroma; whereas the hyperreflective areas indicated the tumor cell clusters. Compared to adenocarcinoma tissue, tissue from squamous cell carcinoma showed more distinctive hyperreflective stroma nets. eCLM characteristics seen in non-malignant and malignant tissue were also visible in distal stapler resection margins and so therefore it was feasible to distinguish between healthy lung tissue and lung cancer. This pilot study shows that the assessment of pulmonary tissue with this eCLM for minimally invasive surgical approach without any fluorescent dye is feasible. It enables to differentiate between benign and malignant tissue in pulmonary specimen by easy to evaluate and reproducible parameters.
Basophil counting in hematology analyzers: time to discontinue?
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J. M. L.
Published: December 2020

Basophils (basophilic granulocytes) are the least abundant cells in blood. Nowadays, basophils are included in the complete blood count performed by hematology analyzers and therefore reported in practically all patients in whom hematologic investigations are requested. However, hematology analyzers are not reliable enough to report clinically useful results. This is due to a combination of very high analytical imprecision and poor specificity, because the chemical and physical methods used for basophil counting in hematology analyzers are ill-defined and thus basophils are not well recognized by the analyzers. As a result, false basophil counts are quite common. In view of increasing analytical performance demands, hematology laboratories should stop reporting basophil counts produced by hematology analyzers. Suggestions for alternative pathways are presented for those situations where basophils are of clinical relevance.
Hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without cytokine storm syndrome on the sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer
Authors: Martens Remy J. H. , van Adrichem Arjan J. , Mattheij Nadine J. A. , Brouwer Calvin G. , van Twist Daan J. L. , Broerse Jasper J. C. R. , Magro-Checa César , van Dongen Christel M. P. , Mostard Rémy L. M. , Ramiro Sofia , Landewé Robert B. M. , Leers Math P. G.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic. There is an urgent need for identification and understanding of clinical and laboratory parameters related to progression towards a severe and fatal form of this illness, often preceded by a so-called cytokine-storm syndrome (CSS). Therefore, we explored the hemocytometric characteristics of COVID-19 patients in relation to the deteriorating clinical condition CSS, using the Sysmex XN-10 hematology analyzer.

Methods

From March 1st till May 16th, 2020, all patients admitted to our hospital with respiratory complaints and suspected for COVID-19 were included (n=1,140 of whom n=533 COVID-19 positive). The hemocytometric parameters of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood (neutrophils [NE], lymphocytes [LY] and monocytes [MO]) obtained upon admission to the emergency department (ED) of COVID-19 positive patients were compared with those of the COVID-19 negative ones. Moreover, patients with CSS (n=169) were compared with COVID-19 positive patients without CSS, as well as with COVID-19 negative ones.

Results

In addition to a significant reduction in leukocytes, thrombocytes and absolute neutrophils, it appeared that lymphocytes-forward scatter (LY-FSC), and reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMPHO)/leukocytes were higher in COVID-19-positive than negative patients. At the moment of presentation, COVID-19 positive patients with CSS had different neutrophils-side fluorescence (NE-SFL), neutrophils-forward scatter (NE-FSC), LY-FSC, RE-LYMPHO/lymphocytes, antibody-synthesizing (AS)-LYMPHOs, high fluorescence lymphocytes (HFLC), MO-SSC, MO-SFL, and Reactive (RE)-MONOs. Finally, absolute eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and MO-FSC were lower in patients with CSS.

Conclusions

Hemocytometric parameters indicative of changes in immunocompetent peripheral blood cells and measured at admission to the ED were associated with COVID-19 with and without CSS.
On the early lokapāla statues in the Buddhist sculptures unearthed in Chengdu
Authors: Huo Wei
Published: December 2020

In recent years, some lokapāla statues which might be carved in the Liang dynasty of the Southern Dynasties are unearthed in Chengdu area, the features of which have some differences from that of the lokapāla statues of the northern system found in Khotan, Dunhuang and other areas; they have some similarities with the early lokapāla statues of the Northern Wei dynasty, but also have some differences. The early lokapālas in the Buddhist scriptures have only names and titles with little concrete descriptions; the archaeologically discovered lokapāla statues enriched our understandings of this motif.
Error Analysis of Nitsche’s and Discontinuous Galerkin Methods of a Reduced Landau–de Gennes Problem
Authors: Maity Ruma Rani , Majumdar Apala , Nataraj Neela
Published: December 2020

We study a system of semi-linear elliptic partial differential equations with a lower order cubic nonlinear term, and inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, relevant for two-dimensional bistable liquid crystal devices, within a reduced Landau–de Gennes framework. The main results are (i) a priori error estimates for the energy norm, within the Nitsche’s and discontinuous Galerkin frameworks under milder regularity assumptions on the exact solution and (ii) a reliable and efficient a posteriori analysis for a sufficiently large penalization parameter and a sufficiently fine triangulation in both cases. Numerical examples that validate the theoretical results, are presented separately.
Causality, subjectivity and mental spaces: Insights from on-line discourse processing
Authors: Kleijn Suzanne , Mak Willem M. , Sanders Ted J. M.
Published: December 2020

Research has shown that it requires less time to process information that is part of an objective causal relation describing states of affairs in the world (She was out of breath because she was running), than information that is part of a subjective relation (She must have been in a hurry because she was running) expressing a claim or conclusion and a supporting argument. Representing subjectivity seems to require extra cognitive operations.

In Mental Spaces Theory (MST; Fauconnier, Gilles. 1994.Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge: MIT Press) the difference between these two relation types can be described in terms of an extra mental space in the discourse representation of subjective relations: representing the Subject of Consciousness (SoC). In processing terms, this might imply that the processing difference is not present if this SoC has already been established in the discourse. We tested this prediction in two eye tracking experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that signaling the subjectivity of the relation by introducing a subject of consciousness beforehand did not diminish the processing asymmetry compared to a neutral context. However, the relative complexity of subjective relations was diminished in the context of Free Indirect Speech (No! He was absolutely sure. There was no doubt about it. She was running so she was in hurry; Experiment 2).

In terms of MST and the representation of subjectivity in general, this implies that not only creating a representation of a thinking subject, but also assigning a claim to this thinking subject requires extra processing effort.
Unit Under Test Identification Using Natural Language Processing Techniques
Authors: Madeja Matej , Porubän Jaroslav
Published: December 2020

Unit under test identification (UUT) is often difficult due to test smells, such as testing multiple UUTs in one test. Because the tests best reflect the current product specification they can be used to comprehend parts of the production code and the relationships between them. Because there is a similar vocabulary between the test and UUT, five NLP techniques were used on the source code of 5 popular Github projects in this paper. The collected results were compared with the manually identified UUTs. The tf-idf model achieved the best accuracy of 22% for a right UUT and 57% with a tolerance up to fifth place of manual identification. These results were obtained after preprocessing input documents with java keywords removal and word split. The tf-idf model achieved the best model training time and the index search takes within 1s per request, so it could be used in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) as a support tool in the future. At the same time, it has been found that, for document preprocessing, word splitting improves accuracy best and removing java keywords has just a small improvement for tf-idf model results. Removing comments only slightly worsens the accuracy of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. The best speed provided the word splitting with average 0.3s preprocessing time per all documents in a project.
Radial growth of the derivatives of analytic functions in Besov spaces
Authors: Domínguez Salvador , Girela Daniel
Published: December 2020

For 1 < p < ∞, the Besov space Bp
consists of those functions f which are analytic in the unit disc 𝔻 = {z ∈ 𝔺 : |z| < 1} and satisfy ∫𝔻(1 − |z|2)
p

−2|f ′(z)|
p dA(z) < ∞. The space B
2 reduces to the classical Dirichlet space 𝒟. It is known that if f ∈ 𝒟then |f ′(reiθ
)| = o[(1 − r)−1/2], for almost every ∈ [0, 2π]. Hallenbeck and Samotij proved that this result is sharp in a very strong sense. We obtain substitutes of the above results valid for the spaces Bp
(1 < p < ∞) an we give also an application of our them to questions concerning multipliers between Besov spaces.
State dependent correlations in the Vasicek default model
Authors: Metzler A.
Published: December 2020

This paper incorporates state dependent correlations (those that vary systematically with the state of the economy) into the Vasicek default model. Other approaches to randomizing correlation in the Vasicek model have either assumed that correlation is independent of the systematic risk factor (zero state dependence) or is an explicit function of the systematic risk factor (perfect state dependence). By contrast, our approach allows for an arbitrary degree of state dependence and includes both zero and perfect state dependence as special cases. This is accomplished by expressing the factor loading as a function of an auxiliary (Gaussian) variable that is correlated with the systematic risk factor. Using Federal Reserve data on delinquency rates we use maximum likelihood to estimate the parameters of the model, and find the empirical degree of state dependence to be quite high (but generally not perfect). We also find that randomizing correlation, without allowing for state dependence, does not improve the empirical performance of the Vasicek model.
Relektüren des klassisch-islamischen Erbes für eine Gerechtigkeitsgrammatik der Gegenwart
Authors: Karoui Kaouther
Published: December 2020

This essay examines Fatima Mernissi’s and Mohammed Arkoun’s strategies of rereading central texts of the classical Islamic tradition in order to develop a contemporary normative grammar of critique. Mernissi reconsiders marginalized intellectuals and theoretical schools of Islamic history and derives immanent principles of justice. From a feminist perspective, she criticizes the dominantly patriarchal interpretations of Islamic foundational texts. Taking the classical humanism of Miskawayh as a point of departure, Arkoun carves out his conception of justice. Based on both Islamic religious ethics and antique Greek philosophy, he develops a transcultural humanism. Methodologically, Arkoun suggests a deconstructive examination of the classical Islamic texts to free Islamic thought from orthodox strictures. By way of conclusion, the article suggests that Mernissi’s and Arkoun’s progressive interpretation of the classical Islamic heritage may help to overcome the narrow, identitarian understanding of Islamic thought prevalent in both Muslim and Western societies.
Streamlining possibility of transport-supply logistics when using chosen Operations Research techniques
Authors: Stopka Ondrej , Ľupták Vladimír , Stopková Mária , Jurkovič Martin , Jeřábek Karel
Published: December 2020

The subject of this article is to model and streamline processes in the area of the transport-supply logistics in a specific enterprise. The topic of the manuscript was implemented in a particular enterprise with the residence in the city of České Budějovice (South Bohemia region). The aim of the article is to step by step analyze the current state of the supply logistics of the specific subject and propose appropriate measures contributing to optimize the entire process using selected techniques of the Operations Research. By applying the methods of multi-criteria decision analysis (such as Weighted Sum Approach and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), the most attractive option is chosen; i.e. the optimal supplier for the implementation of the transport-supply process that will enhance the effectiveness of specific logistics activities in the operation being examined. The conclusion in detail discusses individual contributions in terms of the suggested ways of modeling and improving the current state with respect to supply processes in the selected enterprise.
Structural design toward functional materials by electrospinning: A review
Authors: Yang Xiuling , Wang Jingwen , Guo Hongtao , Liu Li , Xu Wenhui , Duan Gaigai
Published: December 2020

Electrospinning as one of the most versatile technologies have attracted a lot of scientists’ interests in past decades due to its great diversity of fabricating nanofibers featuring high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, flexibility, structural abundance, and surface functionality. Remarkable progress has been made in terms of the versatile structures of electrospun fibers and great functionalities to enable a broad spectrum of applications. In this article, the electrospun fibers with different structures and their applications are reviewed. First, several kinds of electrospun fibers with different structures are presented. Then the applications of various structural electrospun fibers in different fields, including catalysis, drug release, batteries, and supercapacitors, are reviewed. Finally, the application prospect and main challenges of electrospun fibers are discussed. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the structural design and applications of electrospun fibers in different fields.
Research on the mechanism of gel accelerator on gel transition of PAN solution by rheology and dynamic light scattering
Authors: Guo Zhaoyu , Yao Zhuwei , Pan Feifei , Cao Weiyu
Published: December 2020

The rheological properties of PAN/DMSO solution and the size and distribution of PAN coils were studied by rheology and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. It was found that water could be used as a gel accelerator and increase the gel transition temperature T
gel and the storage modulus G′ as well as decrease the damping factor tan δ through rheological measurements. DLS test shows that the average size of PAN coils increases significantly with the increase in gel accelerator content. In addition, the gel accelerator can change the mobility of PAN chains during the cooling process. The results show that the gel accelerator can enhance the entanglement of PAN macromolecular chains and improve the formation of three-dimensional network gel structure, so that PAN solution is more prone to gel transition during the cooling process.