bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapitre 4. L’embryon objet de recherches : regard sur les brevets
Authors: Mendoza-Caminade Alexandra
Published: March 2018

Si les recherches relatives à la matière biologique humaine ont depuis longtemps suscité de vives controverses, la question de l’embryon constitue un sujet éminemment délicat. Les inquiétudes sont vives sur les possibilités de mener des recherches sur la matière embryonnaire, et les difficultés pour cerner les règles juridiques applicables à l’embryon se retrouvent en matière de recherche et de propriété intellectuelle. Le domaine de la brevetabilité dépend de la notion retenue à propos de l’embryon en raison d’un principe d’interdiction portant sur les utilisations d’embryons humains à des fins industrielles ou commerciales. Cette étude est consacrée à l’évolution de la notion à l’échelle européenne, particulièrement via les décisions rendues par la CJUE : en adoptant une notion évolutive de l’embryon en fonction des progrès scientifiques, le domaine de la brevetabilité s’étend et offre de nouvelles perspectives en matière de recherche.
Chapitre 6. Les diagnostics anténataux, les risques du progrès
Authors: Bévière-Boyer Bénédicte
Published: March 2018

Si les diagnostics anténataux constituent indiscutablement une source de progrès dans la lutte contre les maladies génétiques et infectieuses graves, des risques importants de dérives existent. Il convient dès lors de protéger, autant les êtres en devenir que sont les embryons et les fœtus, que leurs parents susceptibles de faire l’objet de pressions familiales, sociétales, médicales et étatiques.
Chapitre 10. L’embryon, une chose particulière
Authors: Marais Astrid
Published: March 2018

La loi du 17 janvier 1975 en autorisant une femme à interrompre la vie de l’embryon conduit à se poser la question de la qualification de l’embryon. Est-il chose ou personne ? Subordonnée à la naissance d’un être vivant et viable, la personnalité juridique ne saurait être reconnue à l’embryon. Sa particularité doit néanmoins être relevée : il est la seule chose en droit susceptible de devenir personne. Ainsi, conjugué au présent (La réalité du présent : l’embryon est une chose), l’embryon est sans doute une chose. Cette qualification est implicite et résulte d’une interprétation a contrario de l’art. 16 CC. En ne qualifiant pas l’être humain dès le commencement de sa vie de personne, le législateur le traite de chose. Cela explique que la qualification d’homicide ne puisse pas être retenue à l’encontre d’un individu dont la faute a provoqué l’interruption de grossesse d’une femme enceinte. La qualification de chose n’empêche pas la protection de l’embryon, attachée à sa qualité d’être humain. La protection est différente de celle appliquée à la personne. En effet, elle ne fait pas obstacle à la destruction de l’embryon. Elle consiste seulement à encadrer strictement les atteintes dont l’embryon peut être l’objet. La protection est variable selon qu’elle s’applique à l’embryon in vitro ou in utero et augmente au fur et à mesure que le projet parental avance. Conjugué au futur, l’embryon deviendra une personne (La fiction tirée du futur : l’embryon est une personne). Cette perspective autorise à le qualifier fictivement de personne, dès sa conception, par le biais d’une analyse, soit rétrospective, soit prospective. L’analyse rétrospective permet, une fois que l’enfant est né vivant, un « retour vers le futur ? » en reconnaissant à l’embryon des droits, dès sa conception, en application de l’adage infans conceptus . L’analyse prospective, elle, conduit à anticiper l’avenir et la qualité de personne qui sera reconnue à l’embryon à sa naissance. En s’inspirant du droit des biens et notamment de la notion de chose par anticipation, l’embryon peut ainsi être qualifié de « personne par anticipation » : il s’agit d’une « chose par nature » fictivement qualifiée de personne en raison de la perspective de sa naissance. L’intérêt d’une telle qualification est d’expliquer l’application exceptionnelle du régime juridique des personnes à l’embryon, propre à limiter les pouvoirs de la femme sur son embryon. En effet, la femme a sans aucun doute un pouvoir absolu de disposer matériellement de son corps dans les 1ere semaine de la grossesse, ce qui lui confère la faculté de détruire l’embryon qui est un élément de son corps. En revanche, dans le cas où elle souhaiterait mettre au monde l’enfant, la femme est privée du pouvoir de conclure des actes juridiques de disposition par lesquels elle s’engagerait à transférer l’enfant à autrui à sa naissance.
Plus égalitaire, mais pas plus mobile
Authors: Homsy Mia
Published: March 2018

Les débats sur les inégalités de revenu et sur l’enrichissement du 1 % des plus riches de la population sont fréquents depuis la crise financière de 2008. Cependant, pour avoir un tableau plus complet de la situation, l’égalité de revenu devrait être analysée conjointement avec la mobilité sociale, c’est-à-dire la possibilité de réussir indépendamment du milieu socioéconomique d’origine.
Sylvie Vachon – La PDG qui prépare les 100 prochaines années du port de Montréal
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: March 2018

Lorsqu’elle vous reçoit dans son bureau, Sylvie Vachon, PDG du port de Montréal , vous mène directement aux immenses fenêtres qui donnent sur le fleuve Saint-Laurent. En plein hiver, on peut y observer le ballet des glaces qui accompagnent les manœuvres des navires ainsi que l’audace des renards qui se risquent près des berges. Avec chaleur et naturel, elle vous transporte dans un univers méconnu, celui d’une industrie qui a le vent en poupe.
Ce que le monde peut nous apprendre sur le leadership
Authors: Plopeanu Simona Camelia
Published: March 2018

Dans un monde des affaires internationalisé, le leadership prend autant de formes qu’il y a de cultures. De Pologne, de l’Inde, d’Italie, d’Indonésie, d’Australie et du Bhoutan, des chercheurs et des dirigeants nous ouvrent sur des points de vue variés et éclairants.
Du charisme à l’authenticité
Authors: Sardais Cyrille , Plopeanu Simona Camelia
Published: March 2018

La recherche internationale dans le domaine du leadership nous ouvre sur des façons de faire et des visions du monde inexplorées chez nous. Mais où en est le leadership occidental ? Avec l’élection de Donald Trump comme point d’orgue, Simona Camelia Plopeanu s’est entretenue avec Cyrille Sardais , professeur agrégé au Département de management et titulaire de la chaire de leadership Pierre-Péladeau de HEC Montréal.
Entretien avec Muhammad Yunus, le banquier des pauvres
Authors: Giguère Isabelle
Published: March 2018

Son travail sur le terrain et en recherche est une source d’inspiration. En 2006, il a d’ailleurs remporté le prix Nobel de la paix pour avoir fondé le premier établissement de microcrédit au monde, la Grameen Bank . Gestion s’est entretenue avec Muhammad Yunus, surnommé le « banquier des pauvres ».
Laporte – La diversité au cœur des valeurs
Authors: Lord Simon , Pelletier Emilie , Daher Pascale
Published: March 2018

Laporte est une firme d’ingénierie québécoise qui connaît une forte croissance depuis plusieurs années. Aux prises avec d’énormes défis en matière de recrutement, ses dirigeants ont décidé d’embaucher des gens nés un peu partout sur la planète, construisant ainsi une entreprise véritablement multiculturelle. Histoire d’une firme qui prouve que l’ouverture d’esprit, en plus d’être honorable, est rentable.
Comment mieux gérer vos équipes multiculturelles
Authors: Chevrier Sylvie
Published: March 2018

Les équipes multiculturelles œuvrent en pratique dans des situations très diverses. Ainsi, les multinationales qui ont des employés de Mumbai à Paris en passant par Rio et Montréal n’ont pas les mêmes défis que les entreprises locales qui embauchent des immigrants. Dans ce dernier cas, les équipes partagent en effet un même environnement social et culturel. Voici des pistes pour bien gérer les questions en matière de langue de travail ou de diversité culturelle et religieuse.
Performance sociale des entreprises : en tant qu’actionnaires, vous êtes la clé
Authors: Chaigneau Pierre , Lord Simon
Published: March 2018

Comment s’assurer qu’un dirigeant tienne compte de la performance sociale de son entreprise au moment de prendre des décisions ? Le premier réflexe consiste à envisager un incitatif financier, par exemple un boni, qui dépend du résultat de l’entreprise dans un indicateur de performance sociale. Il y a toutefois une façon plus simple de procéder.
L’intuition : une carte maîtresse pour influencer au-delà de la raison
Authors: Gagnon Ginette
Published: March 2018

Tout être humain porte en lui le désir d’être entendu et reconnu. Que ce soit dans notre vie professionnelle ou personnelle, il arrive un moment où nous souhaitons amener nos interlocuteurs à adhérer à notre opinion, à notre projet, à nos objectifs. Or, la raison n’est pas la seule garante de réussite.
On a lu pour vous – Leadership, manuel de combat, de Clément Pichol-Thievend
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: March 2018

Diriger une trentaine de soldats, presque jour et nuit, ça forme le sens du commandement, mais pas seulement ça. Ce « management de l’extrême » prépare mieux au leadership que les cours de commerce, soutient Clément Pichol-Thievend, officier de l’armée de terre de France et conseiller en management. Démonstration.
Culture du mensonge et éthique élastique – Votre équipe est-elle à risque ?
Authors: Marchand Jean-Bernard , Bertholet Jean-François , Gaudet Marie-Claude
Published: March 2018

Il est tentant de se persuader que les risques liés à l’éthique ne s’appliquent pas à notre contexte de travail. Mais l’actualité récente amène plusieurs gestionnaires à se demander si leur équipe est à l’abri de situations de dérive déontologique I ou d’inconduite flagrante. Or, afin d’être mieux outillé, il faut tout d’abord connaître certaines vérités... à propos du mensonge.
Jouer comme travail : le travail de jeu de comédien
Authors: Potiron Marie
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’examiner les rapports entre jeu et travail à partir d’une clinique du jeu de comédien appréhendé comme un travail, avec les outils théoriques et cliniques de la psychodynamique du travail. Dans un premier temps, l’article précise ce qu’est le jeu de comédien, à partir de quelques-unes de ses définitions théâtrales. Puis il présente une analyse du travail de jeu à partir d’une enquête clinique de psychodynamique du travail et d’une série d’entretiens individuels. Le travail de jeu y est analysé à travers l’écart entre travail prescrit et travail réel, inscrit dans les organisations spécifiques du travail théâtral, la dynamique de la coopération et de la reconnaissance, les souffrances spécifiques et, enfin, les stratégies collectives ou individuelles de défense. Il conclut sur l’intérêt de prendre en compte la centralité du travail dans l’analyse du jeu, comme sur la nécessité de poursuivre la discussion, en introduisant la question de l’art dans la réflexion sur le jeu de comédien comme travail.
ACE activity post-race is influenced by furosemide administration
Authors: De Mello Costa M.F. , Ronchi F.A. , Yoonsuh J. , Ivanow A. , Braga J.V. , Ramos M.T. , Casarini D.E. , Slocombe R.F.
Published: March 2018

Exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) affecting racehorses continues to raise questions regarding animal welfare and to-date no effective treatment has been identified. The mode of action of furosemide on EIPH, the only medication for the condition accepted in some racing jurisdictions, has not been completely elucidated. This research investigated the interaction between furosemide on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) as a potential pathway for future investigation of EIPH treatment options in a prospective case-control analytical study. ACE is a potent vasoconstrictor and substances reducing its activity could potentially contribute to decreasing blood pressure and EIPH. Horses racing on 8 official race days at Gávea Racetrack, Brazil had respiratory endoscopy data and blood samples collected after the race and were grouped into furosemide medicated and non-furosemide medicated horses. ACE measurement was conducted using fluorescence in a previously validated method. Environmental, race and haematological data were also recorded. A multiple regression model was used to analyse the data collected, with further analysis including Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s chi-squared test with Yates’ continuity correction; a Welch two sample t-test and a simple linear regression model. 73 horses were included in the study. ACE activity between horses not medicated and medicated with furosemide was significantly different. Pre-race furosemide significantly influenced ACE activity post-race, while distance raced, temperature, humidity, and haematocrit did not. Horses medicated with pre-race furosemide still demonstrated some degree of bleeding after the race and were at higher risk of presenting EIPH than non-medicated horses. Horses medicated with furosemide have lower circulating ACE activity which might indicate a protective effect of furosemide. Furosemide might reduce EIPH severity after a single bout of exercise, but it does not abolish or reduce its occurrence.
Leadership and Sustainability
Authors: Ince Fatma
Published: March 2018

This chapter on leadership and sustainability from the first to the second generations of SME Ownership addresses both the leadership and sustainability from the perspective of different generations in family SMEs. Because, sustainable leadership is seen as a key factor of the competitiveness in a family enterprise. Without effective and efficient human capital, the SMEs cannot gain the goals such as growth, internationalization and increasing performance. Generational differences in SMEs may improve the creativity and innovation, providing that the established appropriate management system and strategy. From this viewpoint, this chapter provides an overview of generations, leadership, sustainability and competitiveness about SMEs
Social Responsibility of SMEs With Respect to Compensation
Authors: Garzón María Teresa Ramírez
Published: March 2018

The main purpose of this chapter is to ponder the compensation system that characterizes SMEs the most, both internationally and in Colombia, and to know about social responsibility regarding compensation. To reach this objective, a trip is made through the history of salaries worldwide up to compensation in Colombia, when the minimum legal wage in force is defined. Social responsibility in a compensation system is pondered and the forms that characterize compensation in organizations, mainly in SMEs, are described. It is concluded, among other aspects, that incentives for performance is the way used by SMEs to compensate their collaborators, specially their CEOs.
Low Power Communication Protocols for IoT-Enabled Applications
Authors: Devare Manoj
Published: March 2018

The industrial IoT marching towards the digital twin and the broad spectrum of applications need the specialized low power protocols for communication and data transfer. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the challenges, opportunities, use cases, platforms, and protocols for the deployment of low power protocols in the context of IoT applications. Moreover, discussion extends to the various custom techniques for energy saving in the communication of sensors to hardware, hardware to Cloud, and deferred data pushing in edge computing. The traditional wireless data transfer and communication protocols are suitable in case of the hardware platforms connected with seamless power supply. However, there is need of low power protocols 6LoWPAN, LoRaWAN, Sub 1, ZigBee, BLE, NFC, and other telecommunication protocols across several IoT applications. The SBCs and micro-controllers are not always equipped with these protocol-enabled hardware. This chapter addresses the suitable hardware and combination with low energy options as per the budget, range, and specifications.
A Framework for Modernizing Non-Mobile Software
Authors: Favre Liliana
Published: March 2018

New paradigms such as pervasive computing, cloud computing, and the internet of things (IoT) are transforming the software industry and the business world. Organizations need to redesign their models and processes to be sustainable. Smartphones are at the core of these paradigms, letting us locate and easily interact with the world around us. Frequently, the development of mobile software requires of the adaption of valuable and tested non-mobile software. Most challenges in this kind of software modernization are related to the diversity of platforms on the smartphones market and to the need of systematic and reusable processes with a high degree of automation that reduce time, cost, and risks. This chapter proposes a modernization framework based on model-driven engineering (MDE). It allows integrating legacy code with the native behaviors of the different mobile platform through cross-platform languages. Realizations of the framework for the migration of C/C++ or Java code to mobile platforms through the Haxe multiplatform language are described.
Learning Languages Abroad
Authors: Pinar Alex
Published: March 2018

This chapter presents research on language learning abroad and its influence on the development of oral expression. By using biographical-narrative research methods, specifically linguistic life stories, this work examines the experiences and beliefs of a Japanese student of Spanish who has studied this language in Spain on several occasions. This study attempts to determine how study abroad has influenced his language training and the development of his communicative competence, in particular oral expression. At the same time, it describes how the length of each stay abroad has helped or hindered the language learning process, the interaction with native speakers, and the practice of speaking skills.
Study Abroad Management Programs
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2018

Combination of study undertaken in the native settings, combined with abroad studies, creates better environment for acquiring holistic perspectives. This is truer for management programs due to globalized business environment. Consequently, thousands depart annually for education abroad experiences with the expectation that they will become better professionals and return home with significantly enhanced/advanced competencies and skills. However, learning in a foreign milieu may not always be superior to learning at home. Indeed, the extent to which the study abroad programs aid in becoming successful is dependent on a vast number of variables. Hence, the objective of this chapter is to have a clearer understanding of how study abroad programs function in the development of students' professional competencies. Adopting a case-based approach, the focus is on Omani students' experiences related to management programs. It also aims to provide strategies to enhance the returns from study abroad management programs in general and especially for students of Oman.
A Framework for an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Electronic Nose
Authors: Ismail Mudassir , Majeed Ahmed Abdul , Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif
Published: March 2018

Machine odor detection has developed into an important aspect of our lives with various applications of it. From detecting food spoilage to diagnosis of diseases, it has been developed and tested in various fields and industries for specific purposes. This project, artificial-neural-network-based electronic nose (ANNeNose), is a machine-learning-based e-nose system that has been developed for detection of various types of odors for a general purpose. The system can be trained on any odor using various e-nose sensor types. It uses artificial neural network as its machine learning algorithm along with an OMX-GR semiconductor gas sensor for collecting odor data. The system was trained and tested with five different types of odors collected through a standard data collection method and then purified, which in turn had a result varying from 93% to 100% accuracy.
Electronic Noses in Food Analysis
Authors: Roy Runu Banerjee , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Tudu Bipan , Bhattacharyya Nabarun
Published: March 2018

Food quality evaluation is a tedious job as it can be sensed either by its flavor, taste, or appearance. Sensory evaluation for food quality determination is very complex and depends on biological sensor systems and is subject to high variability depending on taster's mood, physical state, etc. Moreover, as it is purely subjective, the observations may vary for different tasters. For food industries the instrumental means for quality monitoring has significant appreciations which are repeatable, accurate, and reliable. Electronic nose is an array of sensors that senses based on aroma of samples. For the last two decades, electronic nose has been applied in several domains of applications in food analysis, for example, food quality monitoring based on seasonal effect, ageing, geographical origin, fermentation, etc. This chapter aims to focus on different domains of application of electronic nose in food analysis.
Control-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ben Smida Mouna , Sakly Anis , Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Azar Ahmad Taher
Published: March 2018

There has been a great deal of interest in renewable energy sources for electricity generation, particularly for photovoltaic and wind generators. These energy resources have enormous potential and can meet the current global demand for energy. Despite the obvious advantages of renewable energy sources, they have significant disadvantages, such as the discontinuity of their generation, due to their heavy dependence on weather and climate change, which affects their effectiveness in the conversion of renewable energy. Faced with this conflict, it is essential to optimize the performance of renewable systems in order to increase their efficiency. Several unconventional approaches to optimization have been developed in the literature. In this chapter, the management of a hybrid renewable energy system is optimized by intelligent approach based on particle swarm optimization comprising a shaded photovoltaic generator and a wind generator.
Active Control for Multi-Switching Combination Synchronization of Non-Identical Chaotic Systems
Authors: Singh Shikha , Azar Ahmad Taher , Bhat Muzaffar Ahmad , Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Ouannas Adel
Published: March 2018

This chapter investigates the multi-switching combination synchronization of three non-identical chaotic systems via active control technique. In recent years, some advances have been made with the idea of multi-switching combination synchronization. The different states of the master systems are synchronized with the desired state of the slave system in multi-switching combination synchronization scheme. The relevance of such kinds of synchronization studies to information security is evident in the wide range of possible synchronization directions that exist due to multi-switching synchronization. Numerical simulations justify the validity of the theoretical results discussed.
Load Frequency Control Based on Modern Techniques in Two Areas Power Systems
Authors: Bahgaat Naglaa Kamel , Ibrahim Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed Ahmed Moustafa , Bendary Fahmy M. A.
Published: March 2018

This chapter gives introduction to evolutionary techniques. Then it presents the problem formulation for load frequency control with evolutionary particle swarm optimization. It gives the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in load frequency control; also, it illustrates the use of an adaptive weight particle swarm optimization (AWPSO) and adaptive accelerated coefficients based PSO (AACPSO). Furthermore, it introduces a new modification for AACPSO technique (MAACPSO). The new technique is explained. A well-done comparison will be given in this chapter for these above-mentioned techniques. A reasonable discussion on the obtained results will be displayed. The obtained results are promising.
A Position Control With a Field Programmable Gate Array-Sun-Tracking System for Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Krim Saber , Gdaim Soufien , Mtibaa Abdellatif , Faouzi Mimouni Mohamed
Published: March 2018

Photovoltaic system applications should operate under good conditions. The maximum power point depends on the sunlight angle on the panel surface. In this chapter, an induction motor (IM) controlled with a direct torque control (DTC) is used to control the photovoltaic panel position. The conventional DTC is chosen thanks to its capability to develop the maximum of torque when the motor is standstill. However, the DTC produces a torque with high ripples and it is suffer from the flux demagnetization phenomenon, especially at low speed. To overcome these problems, two DTC approaches are proposed in this chapter: (1) the DTC based on the fuzzy logic and (2) the DTC based on space vector modulation (SVM) and proportional integral (PI) controllers (DTC-SVM-PI). The suggested approaches are implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) Virtex 5 circuit in order to reduce the sampling period of the system and the delay in the control loop. The simulation and hardware implementation results demonstrate that the DTC-SVM-PI offers best the results in terms of ripples.
Computational Model for the Study of Fontan Circulation
Authors: Talaminos-Barroso Alejandro , Roa-Romero Laura María , Reina-Tosina Javier
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the design and development of a computational model of the cardiovascular system is presented for patients who have undergone the Fontan operation. The model has been built from a physiological basis, considering some of the mechanisms associated to the cardiovascular system of patients with univentricular heart disease. Thus, the model allows the prediction of some hemodynamic variables considering different physiopathological conditions. The original conditions of the model are changed in the Fontan procedure and these new dynamics force the hemodynamic behaviours of the different considered variables. The model has been proved considering the classic Fontan procedure and the techniques from the lateral tunnel and the extracardiac conduit. The results compiled knowledge of several cardiovascular surgeons with many years of experience in such interventions, and have been validated by using other authors' data. In this sense, the participation of a multidisciplinary team has been considered as a key factor for the development of this work.
Making Sense of Virtual Collaboration Through Personal Learning Networks
Authors: Palumbo Giuseppe , Duin Ann Hill
Published: March 2018

This chapter describes the use of personal learning networks (PLNs) in an online collaborative project involving technical communication students at the University of Minnesota and translation students at the University of Trieste. The authors, who acted as instructors at each end of the project, examined the PLNs produced by the students with the aim of making visible aspects of collaborative projects that have to date received less attention in the literature on both translator training and technical communication. More specifically, the analysis of PLNs – supported by a study of the exchanges that took place between the students in the course of the project – sheds some light on issues of cross-cultural competence, trust, and learning strategies and attitudes. These aspects were found to be characteristic of the students' collaboration besides the obvious and more immediate focus on questions of language and translation.
Translating and Networking in Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Ločmele Gunta
Published: March 2018

The chapter describes the experience of three projects carried out at the University of Latvia and their contribution to developing student skills for working in virtual networks. The research is carried out against the background of the rise of a community-based model in translation and increased involvement of virtual networks of translators in solving translation problems and the discussion of broader issues of the profession. The chapter describes the three projects, provides the approach and rationale for their development, dwells on problems faced in the projects and their solutions, as well as shares the lessons learned and recommendations for those who are interested in similar projects. As translation plays an important role for the development of society, acquiring skills for working in virtual translation projects is a key for translators to continue being masters of their profession in a changing world.
Incorporating International Collaboration and Usability Evaluation Into a Technical Communication Course
Authors: Isohella Suvi
Published: March 2018

This chapter describes how globalization and rapid technological change are transforming technical communication both in academia and the corporate world. Products and technologies are used by a variety of user groups, and usability has become an important requirement. The transnational pedagogical collaboration, the Trans-Atlantic and Pacific Project, has taken up the gauntlet by providing students with a simulated professional environment and sharing insights into collaborative writing, translation, and usability evaluation. By reflecting on previous studies and the author´s experiences, this article explores issues relevant to teachers when incorporating international collaboration and usability evaluation into a technical communication course. It describes international student collaboration regarding usability practices and discusses the benefits and challenges of usability evaluation as part of international collaboration. It concludes by suggesting guidelines for teachers to facilitate international collaboration and usability evaluation in higher education setting.
Framework for GeoSpatial Query Processing by Integrating Cassandra With Hadoop
Authors: Vasavi S. , Priya Mallela Padma , Gokhale Anu A.
Published: March 2018

We are moving towards digitization and making all our devices, such as sensors and cameras, connected to internet, producing bigdata. This bigdata has variety of data and has paved the way to the emergence of NoSQL databases, like Cassandra, for achieving scalability and availability. Hadoop framework has been developed for storing and processing distributed data. In this chapter, the authors investigated the storage and retrieval of geospatial data by integrating Hadoop and Cassandra using prefix-based partitioning and Cassandra's default partitioning algorithm (i.e., Murmur3partitioner) techniques. Geohash value is generated, which acts as a partition key and also helps in effective search. Hence, the time taken for retrieving data is optimized. When users request spatial queries like finding nearest locations, searching in Cassandra database starts using both partitioning techniques. A comparison on query response time is made so as to verify which method is more effective. Results show the prefix-based partitioning technique is more efficient than Murmur3 partitioning technique.
Geographical Information System Applications Utilized in Museums in Turkey Within the Scope of the Cultural Heritage Tourism
Authors: Altaş Aysu
Published: March 2018

Technology has penetrated every aspect of life and it proceeds with the aim of facilitating people's lives. Geographical information systems as a part of the developing technology provide services in every area with different forms. One of these areas is museology. The desire to make visual and written information and cultural heritage that are presented by museums with auditory and interactive experiences has brought together digital technologies and cultural and historical activities. From this point of view, the “Müze Asist” is a remarkable application in terms of the fact that it is a local app and in use in most of the museums in Turkey and the convenience provided for all tourists who want to visit a museum, especially for those who prefer self-guided tours. This chapter may be a guide to its objects and to the next researchers.
Geographical Patterns in the Tourist City
Authors: Encalada Luis , Ferreira Carlos C. , Rocha Jorge , Boavida-Portugal Inês
Published: March 2018

Understanding how tourists use space in urban environments has practical applications in destination management and planning. It reveals key issues for organizing facilities and essential services, creating new products, impact management, and other purposes related to urban tourism. The geotagged photos shared by Panoramio users, during their visit to the city of Lisbon between 2007 and 2014, allow the authors to incorporate into this chapter a quantitative and geographic reading on the tourist consumption of spaces within the city. In this chapter, they analyze the spatial distribution of tourists and its changes across time considering a period of 8 years. Furthermore, a regression analysis method was carried out in order to find the spatial relations between the observed pattern (geographical agglomeration of tourist ́s photos) and a set of 24 selected independent variables.
TCloud
Authors: Barik Rabindra K. , Lenka Rakesh Kumar , Dubey Harishchandra , Mankodiya Kunal
Published: March 2018

This chapter proposes and develops a cloud-computing-based SDI model named as TCloud for sharing, analysis, and processing of spatial data particularly in the Temple City of India, Bhubaneswar. The main purpose of TCloud is to integrate all the spatial information such as tourism sites which include various temples, mosques, churches, monuments, lakes, mountains, rivers, forests, etc. TCloud can help the decision maker or planner or common users to get enough information for their further research and studies. It has used open source GIS quantum GIS for the development of spatial database whereas QGIS plugin has been linked with quantum GIS for invoking cloud computing environment. It has also discussed the various spatial overlay analysis in TCloud environment.
The Political Use and Abuse of Science
Authors: Ricci Gabriel R.
Published: March 2018

This chapter examines the dialectical role of science in its promotion of public policy and the manner in which scientific autonomy has been challenged to further political ends. Various episodes in the ever-expanding technological reach of the marriage of science and politics are historically recounted to demonstrate the threat to scientific self-rule and to individual scientists who have been relegated to instrumentally functional roles. It is argued that the emergent class status of scientists has been subverted by the triumvirate of technology, industry, and religion. Moreover, science has met its greatest challenge from those entities which understand how the use of technology and scientific discovery translate into regulatory measures.
Lethal Military Robots
Authors: Royakkers Lambèr , Olsthoorn Peter
Published: March 2018

Although most unmanned systems that militaries use today are still unarmed and predominantly used for surveillance, it is especially the proliferation of armed military robots that raises some serious ethical questions. One of the most pressing concerns the moral responsibility in case a military robot uses violence in a way that would normally qualify as a war crime. In this chapter, the authors critically assess the chain of responsibility with respect to the deployment of both semi-autonomous and (learning) autonomous lethal military robots. They start by looking at military commanders because they are the ones with whom responsibility normally lies. The authors argue that this is typically still the case when lethal robots kill wrongly – even if these robots act autonomously. Nonetheless, they next look into the possible moral responsibility of the actors at the beginning and the end of the causal chain: those who design and manufacture armed military robots, and those who, far from the battlefield, remotely control them.
The Societal Hazards of Neuroenhancement Technologies
Authors: Wagner Nils-Frederic , Robinson Jeffrey , Wiebking Christine
Published: March 2018

Using cognitive enhancement technology is becoming increasingly popular. In another paper, the authors argued that using pharmacological cognitive enhancers is detrimental to society, through promoting competitiveness over cooperation, by usurping personal and social identifies and thus changing our narrative and moral character. In this chapter, the authors seek to expand that argument by looking at an emerging technology that is rapidly gaining popularity, that of transcranial stimulation (TS). Here the authors explore TS via two major methods, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). In this, the authors seek to demonstrate that artificial cognitive enhancement is detrimental to society. Furthermore, that the argument can be applied beyond the moral dubiousness of using pharmacological cognitive enhancement, but applied to new, emergent technologies as well. In other words, artificial cognitive enhancement regardless of the technology/medium is detrimental to society.
A Technoethical Study of Ethical Hacking Communication and Management Within a Canadian University
Authors: Abu-Shaqra Baha , Luppicini Rocci
Published: March 2018

Ethical hacking is an important information security risk management strategy within higher education applied against the growing threat of hacking attacks. Confusion regarding the meaning and ethics of ethical hacking within broader society and which resonates within organizations undermines information security. Confusion within organizations increases unpredictably (equivocality) in the information environment, which raises risk level. Taking a qualitative exploratory case study approach, this chapter pairs technoethical inquiry theory with Karl Weick's sensemaking model to explore the meanings, ethics, uses and practices, and value of ethical hacking in a Canadian university and applies technoethical inquiry decision-making grid (TEI-DMG) as an ethical decision-making model. Findings point to the need to expand the communicative and sociocultural considerations involved in decision making about ethical hacking organizational practices, and to security awareness training to leverage sensemaking opportunities and reduce equivocality in the information environment.
Quantum-Computing-Inspired Algorithms in Machine Learning
Authors: Kaul Deeksha , Raju Harika , Tripathy B. K.
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of quantum computing concepts to optimize the decision-making capability of classical machine learning algorithms. Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, implements various techniques to train a computer to learn and adapt to various real-time tasks. With the volume of data exponentially increasing, solving the same problems using classical algorithms becomes more tedious and time consuming. Quantum computing has varied applications in many areas of computer science. One such area which has been transformed a lot through the introduction of quantum computing is machine learning. Quantum computing, with its ability to perform tasks in logarithmic time, aids in overcoming the limitations of classical machine learning algorithms.
Hardware Implementation of a Visual Image Watermarking Scheme Using Qubit/Quantum Computation Through Reversible Methodology
Authors: Roy Subhrajit Sinha , Basu Abhishek , Chattopadhyay Avik
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, hardware implementation of an LSB replacement-based digital image watermarking algorithm is introduced. The proposed scheme is developed in spatial domain. In this watermarking process, data or watermark is implanted into the cover image pixels through an adaptive last significant bit (LSB) replacement technique. The real-time execution of the watermarking logic is developed here using reversible logic. Utilization of reversible logic reduces the power dissipation by means of no information loss. The lesser power dissipation enables a faster operation as well as holds up Moore's law. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme offers high imperceptibility with a justified robustness.
Pedagogy as a Fundamental Part of School Furniture Design
Authors: Echeverría Natalia Anaya
Published: March 2018

The teaching-learning processes are carried out through established objectives for each grade level and these are achieved with didactic activities based on principles, educational concepts, and pedagogical contents. Activities that are divided into specific tasks that are performed with physical aids such as furniture and classroom generate diverse forms of work. Through observations it was detected that the current furniture did not respond to the pedagogical and didactic practices and there is no data indicating that it is designed according to the anthropometric variability of the students of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara according to the school grade taken by the student. Therefore, the authors sought to know the physical and functional characteristics required by school furniture to be a facilitator of pedagogical and didactic practices to make a proposal of a furniture design that meets both the pedagogical demands and the anthropometric variability of schoolchildren.
Anthropometry Devices
Authors: Aguilar-Duque Julian Israel , Amaya-Parra Guillermo , Juarez-Luna Victor M. , Tlapa Diego , Tamayo Ulises J. , Tovar-Hernández Ana Y.
Published: March 2018

This chapter exposes a comparative research of different anthropometric equipment that has a patent register, comparing analogic devices versus digital devices, with the aim to define the relevance and status of the anthropometric devices. The methodology used in this project is integrated in three stages. The first stage is a documental analysis research of the anthropometric patents devices registered in international offices with the aim to identify the anthropometric devices patented. The second stage is the description of the characteristics, features, and functionality for every anthropometric device founded during the first stage. Finally, the third stage is the generation of a matrix with similarities of the devices with the aim to have a comparison between the devices. As a result of this research, it was possible to describe the characteristics of 14 devices used to define anthropometric devices as well as their futures and utilities.
Body Scanner Measurements for Apparel Design in Mexican Women
Authors: Prado-León Lilia Roselia , Aceves-González Carlos
Published: March 2018

This chapter aims to report data on body dimensions and proportions for apparel design in Mexican women and to analyze changes in dimensions and proportions among groups according to the age. Measurements of 1131 female subjects aged from 15 to 65 years from the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, Mexico were obtained using the TC2 3D body scanning system. Mean, standard deviation, and percentiles 5, 50, and 95 were calculated for 28 dimensions of six age groups. Body proportion was calculated for 26 dimensions with respect to stature, using mean data of those groups. Results show changes in body dimensions and proportions with age. Weight increases gradually from 15 to 65 years of age, with gains in all groups as age advances. Stature was very similar between the younger groups, but it began to decrease the ages of 35-44. The authors emphasize the relevance of addressing such differences for optimal anthropometric garment fitting.
Usability on Standard Work Visuals in Manufacturing
Authors: Hernández-Escobedo Guadalupe , Arredondo-Soto Karina Cecilia , Aceves-González Carlos , Realyvásquez Arturo
Published: March 2018

This chapter presents a proposed checklist to determine the usability levels of standard work visuals (SWVs) used in manufacturing processes. The checklist considers attributes in terms of easy to use and methods facilitating their design. It is because there were not enough studies that address both attributes of use and methods to design visuals. Specifically, flow diagrams, procedures lesson, and one-point lessons as visuals are studied in this chapter. The theoretical departure covered diverse areas, and activity theory served as conceptual framework. So, the overall purpose of this chapter is to (1) explore the defined specifications for design visuals, (2) propose a checklist to determine the levels of usability, and (3) evaluate the visuals utilized in two manufacturing companies serving as cases of study. Finally, the results have permitted the convenience of using the proposed checklist for checking the design and utilization of the visuals in manufacturing processes to be proven.
An Examination of Adolescent Athletes and Nonathletes on Baseline Neuropsychological Test Scores
Authors: Tomczyk Christopher P. , Mormile Megan , Wittenberg; Megan S. , Langdon Jody L. , Hunt Tamerah N.
Published: March 2018

Context: 

An estimated 15.3 million adolescent students are enrolled in US high schools, with approximately 7.8 million participating in athletics. Researchers have examined various demographics in high school athletes; however, athletic participation may play a larger role in test performance than previously thought. Currently, investigations of concussion assessment may rely on uninjured athletes as controls. However, due to the intense nature of athletics, this may not be an appropriate practice.

Objective: 

To examine differences between athletes and nonathletes using a common computerized neuropsychological test.

Design: 

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

High schools from a school district in Columbus, Ohio.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 662 adolescent high school students (athletes: n = 383, female n = 18; nonathletes: n = 279, female n = 193).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Participants were administered a computerized neuropsychological test battery (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test [ImPACT]) during baseline concussion assessment. Differences between groups were established for output composite scores.

Results: 

Differences were found between athletes and nonathletes in composite reaction time (F1,522 = 14.855, P < .001) and total symptom score (F1,427 = 33.770, P < .001). Nonathletes reported more symptoms, whereas athletes had faster reaction times. No differences were present in composite verbal memory, composite visual memory, composite visual motor speed, or composite impulse control (P > .05).

Conclusions: 

Symptom reporting and reaction time differed between high school athletes and nonathletes. Participation in extracurricular activities may lead to cognitive differences in adolescents that can influence performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test battery. Researchers should account for these differences in baseline performance when making concussion diagnostic and management decisions.
Studies on the separation of the rare earths from thorium in sulphate solutions, using cation exchange resins
Authors: Lewis D C , Ingles J C
Published: March 2018

An ion exchange method for the separation of the rare earth elements from thorium has been investigated. The method is based on the difference in the extent of complexing of the metal ions by sulphate ions in aqueous solution. Variables investigated were:
sulphate concentration, nature of the counter-ion (i.e. the cation whose sulphate salt supplies the sulphate for complexing), and resin type. Separation was not quantitative but it was found possible to obtain reasonable recoveries of thorium free of rare earths. The application of the law of mass
action to the solution and resin equilibria was undertaken in an attempt to explain the data. The theoretical expression obtained was not, however, in complete agreement with the experimental results.