bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Branched Oncolytic Peptides Target HSPGs, Inhibit Metastasis, and Trigger the Release of Molecular Determinants of Immunogenic Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rencinai Alessandro , Tollapi Eva , Marianantoni Giulia , Brunetti Jlenia , Henriquez Tania , Pini Alessandro , Bracci Luisa , Falciani Chiara
Published: September 2024

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can be exploited to treat non-immunoreactive tumors that do not respond to current standard and innovative therapies. Not all chemotherapeutics trigger ICD, among those that do exert this effect, there are anthracyclines, irinotecan, some platinum derivatives and oncolytic peptides. We studied two new branched oncolytic peptides, BOP7 and BOP9 that proved to elicit the release of damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPS, mediators of ICD, in pancreatic cancer cells. The two BOPs selectively bound and killed tumor cells, particularly PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2, but not cells of non-tumor origin such as RAW 264.7, CHO-K1 and pgsA-745. The cancer selectivity of the two BOPs may be attributed to their repeated cationic sequences, which enable multivalent binding to heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSPGs), bearing multiple anionic sulfation patterns on cancer cells. This interaction of BOPs with HSPGs not only fosters an anti-metastatic effectin vitro, as demonstrated by reduced adhesion and migration of PANC-1 cancer cells, but also shows promising tumor-specific cytotoxicity and low hemolytic activity. Remarkably, the cytotoxicity induced by BOPs triggers the release of DAMPs, particularly HMGB1, IFN-β and ATP, by dying cells, persisting longer than the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as irinotecan and daunorubicin. Anin vivoassay in nude mice showed an encouraging 20% inhibition of tumor grafting and growth in a pancreatic cancer model by BOP9.
A multidimensional Pan-cancer analysis of CDKN1A identifies CDKN1A as an Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Zhang Wenyang , Ma Qinglong , Li Wenrun , Zhao Honghui , Zhong Linghui , Xiao Yinan , Ren Yaru , Yang Kaixin , Li Yonghong , Shi Lei
Published: September 2024

CDKN1A/p21 is well recognized for its role in cell cycle regulation and genomic stability. However, its functions in the Tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immunity are not yet fully understood. Hereby, we explored CDKN1A expression and immunological/prognostic values via various databases and analytical methods including cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier, UCSCXenaShiny, TIMER, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, etc. In addition, we explored different approaches including CCK8, EdU, Colony formation, Drug sensitivity and Annixin-V assay to explore the influence of p21 in proliferative capacity in cancer cells. We found that CDKN1A is lowly expressed in BLCA, BRCA, COAD, KICH, LUAD, LUSC, PRAD, READ and STAD compared to normal samples, whereas it is highly expressed in CHOL, HNSC, KIRC, KIRP and THCA compared to normal cohorts. CDKN1A expression is significantly correlated with overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival and progression-free interval different cancer types. Additionally, CDKN1A is associated with CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, Neutrophil, Macrophage and Myeloid dendritic cell infiltration in diverse cancer types. Functional experiments reveal that p21 overexpression leads to a significant reduction in proliferative capacity, facilitates cell apoptosis and senescence in multiple cancer cell lines. In contrast, silenced p21 facilitates cell growth and wound closure, prevent cell senescence in different cancer cell lines. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CDKN1A may serve as a valuable prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker in diverse cancer.
Multiomic Insights into Human Health: Gut Microbiomes of Hunter-Gatherer, Agropastoral, and Western Urban Populations
Authors: Singh Harinder , Wiscovitch-Russo Rosana , Kuelbs Claire , Espinoza Josh , Appel Amanda E. , Lyons Ruth J. , Vashee Sanjay , Förtsch Hagen E.A. , Foster Jerome E. , Ramdath Dan , Hayes Vanessa M. , Nelson Karen E. , Gonzalez-Juarbe Norberto
Published: September 2024

Societies with exposure to preindustrial diets exhibit improved markers of health. Our study used a comprehensive multi-omic approach to reveal that the gut microbiome of the Ju/’hoansi hunter-gatherers, one of the most remote KhoeSan groups, exhibit a higher diversity and richness, with an abundance of microbial species lost in the western population. The Ju/’hoansi microbiome showed enhanced global transcription and enrichment of complex carbohydrate metabolic and energy generation pathways. The Ju/’hoansi also show high abundance of short-chain fatty acids that are associated with health and optimal immune function. In contrast, these pathways and their respective species were found in low abundance or completely absent in Western populations. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways were observed prevalent in the Western population, associated with biomarkers of chronic inflammation. Our study provides the first in-depth multi-omic characterization of the Ju/’hoansi microbiome, revealing uncharacterized species and functional pathways that are associated with health.
Arrested development: the dysfunctional life history of medulloblastoma
Authors: Tao Ran , Han Katie , Wu Stephanie C. , Friske Jake D. , Roussel Martine F. , Northcott Paul A.
Published: September 2024

Medulloblastoma is a heterogeneous embryonal tumor of the cerebellum comprised of four distinct molecular subgroups that differ in their developmental origins, genomic landscapes, clinical presentation, and survival. Recent characterization of the human fetal cerebellum at single-cell resolution has propelled unprecedented insights into the cellular origins of medulloblastoma subgroups, including those underlying previously elusive groups 3 and 4. In this review, the molecular pathogenesis of medulloblastoma is examined through the lens of cerebellar development. In addition, we discuss how enhanced understanding of medulloblastoma origins has the potential to refine disease modeling for the advancement of treatment and outcomes.
General hydrodynamic approach for a cold Bose gas
Authors: Pergamenshchik V. M.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to derive the hydrodynamics for a cold Bose gas from the microscopic platform based on the many-body Schrödinger equation and general assumptions of the hydrodynamic approach (HA) applicable to any dimension. We develop a general HA for a cold spatially inhomogeneous Bose gas assuming two different temporal and spatial scales and obtain the energy as a functional of both fast inner quantum mode and slow macroscopic mode. The equations governing the fast and slow modes are obtained from this functional by their independent variations. The fast mode is the wave function in the stationary state at local density which can be ground, excited with a nonzero atom momenta, or a superposition of more than one state. The energy eigenvalue (or expectation value) of this local wave function universally enters the hydrodynamic equation for the slow mode in the form of the local chemical potential which incorporates the inner local momentum. For zero inner momenta and particular choices of this eigenvalue as a function of gas density, this equation reduces to the known equations based on the local density approximation. If, however, the inner momenta are nonzero, the equation includes the interaction between these momenta and the slow mode velocity. Relation between this general HA and the standard local density approximation is elaborated. Two effects of the local momenta and their density dependence on the soliton solutions are demonstrated.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
High-accuracy measurements of core-excited transitions in light Li-like ions
Authors: Togawa Moto , Kühn Steffen , Shah Chintan , Zaytsev Vladimir A. , Oreshkina Natalia S. , Buck Jens , Bernitt Sonja , Steinbrügge René , Seltmann Jörn , Hoesch Moritz , Keitel Christoph H. , Pfeifer Thomas , Leutenegger Maurice A. , López-Urrutia José R. Crespo
Published: September 2024

The transition energies of the two 1s core-excited soft x-ray lines (dubbed q and r) from 1s22s1S1/2 to the respective upper levels 1s(2S)2s2p(3P)2P3/2 and 2P1/2 of Li-like oxygen, fluorine, and neon were measured and calibrated using several nearby transitions of He-like ions. The major remaining source of energy uncertainties in monochromators, the periodic fluctuations produced by imperfect angular encoder calibration, is addressed by a simultaneously running photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. This leads to an improved energy determination of 5 parts per million, showing fair agreement with previous theories as well as with our own, involving a complete treatment of the autoionizing states studied here. Our experimental results translate to an uncertainty of only 1.6 km/s for the oxygen line qr blend used to determine the outflow velocities of active galactic nuclei, ten times smaller than previously possible.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Phenomenological model for
γγ*→KK¯*(892)
constraining the
f1(1420)
transition form factor
Authors: Ren Xiu-Lei , Danilkin Igor , Vanderhaeghen Marc
Published: September 2024

We present a phenomenological study of the γγ*→KK¯*(892) process by including the s-channel production of the η(1475) and f1(1420) resonances. The nonresonant channel via K- and K*-exchanges is investigated carefully by performing the Lorentz tensor decomposition and is constructed to yield a correct high-energy Regge behavior. The transition form factor of f1(1420) is adjusted to achieve a reasonable description of the existing L3 data in the f1(1420) resonance region. This model is intended to serve as a Monte Carlo generator for the analysis currently being performed by the BESIII Collaboration. We also estimate the polarized γγ*→KK¯*(892) cross sections and demonstrate how to extract the transition form factors of f1(1420) from the polarized cross sections.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Resurrecting the LHC discovery potential in the extended type-II seesaw model
Authors: Banerjee Upalaparna , Englert Christoph , Naskar Wrishik
Published: September 2024

The juxtaposition of the precision of lepton flavor measurements and the limited energy range of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to discover dynamical degrees of freedom linked to the generation of the observed lepton mass patterns naively suggests only a limited relevance of the LHC’s high luminosity phase. This, potentially, extends to future colliders. Using the concrete example of the type-II seesaw model and its effective field theory extension, we show that blind directions create a rich phenomenological interplay of muon precision measurements and electroweak resonance searches at present and future colliders, with testable implications for the HL-LHC phase.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cosmic ray muons in laboratories deep underground
Authors: Woodley William , Fedynitch Anatoli , Piro Marie-Cécile
Published: September 2024

We provide comprehensive calculations of total muon fluxes, energy and angular spectra, and mean muon energies in deep underground laboratories—under flat overburdens and mountains and underwater—using our latest calculation code, v3. For precise modeling, we compiled rock densities and chemical compositions for various underground labs, as well as topographic map profiles of overburdens, and integrated them into our calculations. Our results show excellent agreement with available data for most underground sites when using the latest surface muon flux model, . Moreover, since our calculations do not rely on underground measurements of muons or other secondaries, we can verify the consistency of measurements across different detectors at different sites. is an open-source, publicly available program, providing a solid framework for accurate muon flux predictions in various underground environments, essential for applications in cosmic ray physics and dark matter searches.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dimensionally reducing the classical Regge growth conjecture
Authors: Quirant Joan
Published: September 2024

We explore the classical Regge growth conjecture in the 4d effective field theory that results from compactifying D-dimensional general relativity on a compact, Ricci-flat manifold. While the higher dimensional description is given in terms of pure Einstein gravity and the conjecture is automatically satisfied, it imposes several nontrivial constraints in the 4d spectrum. Namely, there must be either none or an infinite number of massive spin-2 modes, and the mass ratio between consecutive Kaluza-Klain spin-2 replicas is bounded by the 4d coupling constants.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Searching for Scalar Field Dark Matter with LIGO
Authors: Göttel Alexandre S. , Ejlli Aldo , Karan Kanioar , Vermeulen Sander M. , Aiello Lorenzo , Raymond Vivien , Grote Hartmut
Published: September 2024

We report on a direct search for scalar field dark matter using data from LIGO’s third observing run. We analyze the coupling of size oscillations of the interferometer’s beam splitter and arm test masses that may be caused by scalar field dark matter. Using new efficient search methods to maximize sensitivity for signatures of such oscillations, we set new upper limits for the coupling constants of scalar field dark matter as a function of its mass, which improve upon bounds from previous direct searches by up to four orders of magnitude in a frequency band from 10 to 180 Hz.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
How to Measure the Controllability of an Infectious Disease?
Authors: Parag Kris V.
Published: September 2024

Quantifying how difficult it is to control an emerging infectious disease is crucial to public health decision-making, providing valuable evidence on if targeted interventions, e.g., quarantine and isolation, can contain spread or when population wide controls, e.g., lockdowns, are warranted. The disease reproduction number R or growth rate r are universally assumed to measure controllability because R=1 and r=0 define when infections stop growing and hence the state of critical stability. Outbreaks with larger R or r are therefore interpreted as less controllable and requiring more stringent interventions. We prove this common interpretation is impractical and incomplete. We identify a positive feedback loop among infections intrinsically underlying disease transmission and evaluate controllability from how interventions disrupt this loop. The epidemic gain and delay margins, which, respectively, define how much we can scale infections (this scaling is known as gain) or delay interventions on this loop before stability is lost, provide rigorous measures of controllability. Outbreaks with smaller margins necessitate more control effort. Using these margins, we quantify how presymptomatic spread, surveillance limitations, variant dynamics, and superspreading shape controllability and demonstrate that R and r measure controllability only when interventions do not alter timings between the infections and are implemented without delay. Our margins are easily computed, interpreted, and reflect complex relationships among interventions, their implementation, and epidemiological dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic behaviour and thermal stability of a paddle-wheel copper(II) complex bearing equatorial 3,4-diethoxybenzoate ligands
Authors: Bermúdez Mariano Marziali , Muller Federico G. , Baggio Ricardo , Cukiernik Fabio D.
Published: September 2024

The binuclear paddle-wheel copper(II) complex tetrakis(μ-3,4-diethoxybenzoato-κ2
O:O′)bis[(ethanol-κO)copper(II)], [Cu2(C11H13O4)4(C2H6O)2], has been synthesized and characterized. In each molecule, two CuII centres are bridged in a syn–syn fashion by four equatorial 3,4-diethoxybenzoate ligands, the two axial positions being occupied by ethanol molecules. The thermal stability has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The magnetic behaviour, studied by SQUID magnetometry, shows a CuII–CuII antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with 2J = −288 cm−1, a value that fits with a magnetic structure correlation established for compounds of this kind.
Authentic and laissez-faire leadership as drivers of employees well-being: the moderating role of resilience and self-efficacy
Authors: López-Cabarcos M. Ángeles , López-Carballeira Analía , Ferro-Soto Carlos
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Public police professionals must deal with complex and disruptive social, political and organizational environments. This fact highlights the key role that leadership can play in effectively managing their work, while also ensuring their well-being. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of laissez-faire versus authentic leadership on the work engagement of police professionals, considering the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of resilience and self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used in a sample of 184 public police professionals.

Findings

The results show that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement, and fully mediates the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and work engagement. Moreover, resilience moderates the relationships between authentic leadership, emotional exhaustion and work engagement; and self-efficacy moderates the relationships between laissez-faire leadership and emotional exhaustion and between laissez-faire leadership and work engagement.

Originality/value

This study highlights that constructive leadership is an important driver of positive experiences at work; it is necessary to change from passive to constructive leadership; and it is important for the combination of psychological resources and positive leadership to improve police professionals’ well-being.
What makes the reconstruction of old residential buildings complex? A study in Vietnamese urban areas
Authors: Nguyen Minh Van , Ha Khanh Duy , Phan Chien Thanh
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Reconstruction of old buildings is often necessary after prolonged usage, but these projects encounter various complexities, leading to their failure. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on investigating the complexity of old building reconstruction initiatives. Thus, this study aims to examine the complexity of reconstruction projects for old buildings in Vietnamese urban areas.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a literature review and discussions with experienced practitioners, 12 significant complexity factors were identified. The study then utilized the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to analyze the interrelationships among these complexity factors.

Findings

The findings revealed intricate interdependencies among the complexity factors, visualized in a complexity map. The map highlighted the critical complexities of site compensation, clearance and the long project duration. Furthermore, a causal diagram categorized the complexity factors into net-effect and net-cause groups.

Originality/value

By examining the relationships and interactions among these factors, the study emphasizes the interconnected nature of complex systems and the influence of one factor on others. Therefore, decision-makers and stakeholders involved in reconstructing old buildings are suggested to possess a comprehensive understanding of these interdependencies to ensure effective decision-making.
Analysis of the role players in wildlife trafficking and the measures to combat it in South Africa
Authors: Marais Elisma , McIntyre Jacqui-Lyn , Aslett Duane
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Corruption is one of the main facilitators of increased wildlife crime in South Africa. It is important to look at the current legislative framework to determine how wildlife crime can be combated effectively. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the process of wildlife crime, focusing on wildlife poaching and trafficking role players and critically analyses the legislation in place to combat the phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach

A critical analysis of existing literature such as case law, legislation, peer-reviewed publications and electronic articles was used to identify the legislation and processes for the prevention of wildlife crime in South Africa. Common denominators were identified in these sources to provide a baseline for examining wildlife crime.

Findings

Wildlife criminals rely extensively on corruption during all facets of their trafficking schemes. The use of traditional environmental laws is not effective in dismantling wildlife trafficking networks, as prosecuting those in the upper echelons is often challenging. The extensive reliance on corruption during all facets of wildlife trafficking provides an opportunity for law enforcement to use such corruption crimes as predicate offences in racketeering prosecutions, thus ensuring kingpins find it more difficult to escape prosecution, owing to their involvement in criminal enterprises that sustain themselves through patterns of racketeering.

Originality/value

This paper contributes knowledge to narrow the research gap with regard to wildlife criminals and how they function. It also addresses possibilities to improve prosecution and disrupt wildlife trafficking networks.
Impact of e-service innovation on e-service delivery, trust and loyalty: a study of Indian retail banking
Authors: Bhat Ishfaq Hussain , Gupta Shilpi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of innovation in e-service delivery on trust and loyalty of Indian customers in the banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The stated relationships were drawn on the grounded theories by developing a conceptual model. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data from 400 bank customers who were availing the e-innovation services.

Findings

The findings of the study reveal that e-service innovation has a direct impact on e-service delivery and trust. The existence of a positive relationship between e-service delivery, trust and loyalty in the banking sector of India has also been found.

Practical implications

The findings of the study would help the practitioners and experts in the related fields to understand and adopt the innovative management practices in financial services in developing country like India.

Originality/value

Continuous e-innovation can create a distinct competitive advantage and avert the risk of vanishing from the market. The study contributes in terms of e-service innovation and e-service delivery in the banking sector in India. The impact of e-service innovation on banking outcomes begins with e-service and trust, these factors positively influences e-service innovation. Furthermore, e-service innovation exerts a positive effect on e-service delivery, trust and loyalty, thereby improving organizational value.
The worship of Dr Sousa Martins: Spiritual healing in Portugal
Authors: Pierini Emily
Published: September 2024

This article examines the worship of Dr José Tomás Sousa Martins, a 19th‐century physician revered as a lay saint and healer in Portugal, attracting devotees from diverse backgrounds. Some devotees come in search of healing and leave votive offerings at his statue in front of the NOVA Medical School in Lisbon. Others view him as a spirit guide who manifests through mediums in Umbanda practices and the healing rituals of the Spiritualist Christian temples of the Vale do Amanhecer in Brazil. Dr Sousa Martins bridges the domains of spirituality and biomedicine. This article explores the materiality of devotional practices through the circulation of things and images and the intersection of therapeutic itineraries in shaping places of worship. It examines how healing is sought through devotion during health crises, emphasizing the importance of the senses and religious and diagnostic images in devotees’ healing narratives.
Human‐animal interactions: Camera traps as research agents
Authors: Lainé Nicolas , Simenel Romain , Labadie Morgane , Srinivasaiah Nishant M. , Sinha Anindya
Published: September 2024

This article explores the use of camera traps as novel research agents in studying human‐animal interactions and animal behaviour. Drawing on case studies from ecological research in India and ritual practices in Thailand, the authors examine how camera traps transform methodologies across the natural and social sciences and ask what these technologies reveal about animal responses to human presence and the cognitive underpinnings of their behaviours. Using Actor‐Network‐Theory frameworks and more‐than‐human philosophy, the authors argue that camera traps are not passive recording devices but active participants that shape the multispecies realities they observe. The case studies illustrate how animals learn to recognize and respond to camera traps, demonstrating situational awareness, evaluative cognition and adaptive learning. The authors advocate for an interdisciplinary approach to studying human‐animal interactions that accounts for the agentive capacities of both humans and nonhumans, including technological agents like camera traps. This article contributes to ongoing discussions in ethology, anthropology and cognitive science about the use of remote imaging in field research and the conceptual and ethical implications of technological interventions in more‐than‐human lifeworlds.
Sovereign Bond Holdings, Bank Risk‐Taking, and Macroeconomic Shocks: Evidence From Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Japan
Published: September 2024

This study examines whether the purchase of sovereign bonds leads to decreased bank risk and how this impact changes in worse macroeconomic conditions. For a broad picture of macroeconomic shocks, we concentrate on the dimensions of uncertainty (the cross‐sectional dispersion of shocks to bank‐level characteristics) and crises (the global financial crisis and the COVID‐19 contagion). An empirical examination of the Vietnamese banking sector between 2007 and 2021 shows that banks purchasing securities issued by the domestic government tend to have lower risk. However, this impact is relatively weak on average, varying with the measures of bank risk. Through subsample tests, we document that the impact of sovereign bond holdings on bank risk is shaped by banks with high‐risk‐weighted assets and low diversification. Further results designate that sovereign bond holdings are necessary for banks as such activities help significantly lower their risk exposure in periods of crisis and uncertainty. This finding remains robust to different measures of bank risk.
Foodservice strategies for reducing athlete illness at the Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Dufour Angela C. , Pelly Fiona E. , Wright Hattie H. , Tweedie Judith
Published: September 2024

Aim

In 2021, infection control guidelines, including those specific to feeding environments, were introduced by the International Olympic and Paralympic Committees to reduce virus transmission at the Tokyo 2020 Summer and Beijing 2022 Winter games. This observational cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate caterers' compliance to these guidelines which included measures for personal hygiene, sanitisation, and physical distancing at these events.

Methods

Expert sport dietitians attending Tokyo (n = 15) and Beijing (n = 7) games were surveyed to rate 11 COVID‐19 countermeasures as fully (100%), partially or non‐compliant at nine dining locations across both events. Descriptive analysis of each countermeasure based on observed compliance and location was conducted and reported as a proportion of the total responses. To better understand participant perspectives of the factors influencing compliance, open responses were systematically coded into themes and sub‐themes by researchers through content analysis. Themes generated from participant comments were categorised based on their relevance to specific countermeasures and locations to identify commonalities and disparities in participant experiences, perceptions, and observations.

Results

All main dining halls at both events were observed as 100% compliant to countermeasures on more occasions compared with Tokyo's venues and satellite villages. However, Beijing's three main dining halls, showed a greater compliance compared with Tokyo's main dining hall, likely due to overcrowding in Tokyo. Comments suggested that smaller dining spaces, with overcrowding, may have contributed to reduced compliance to physical distancing measures. Food safety concerns were raised about gastrointestinal distress in Beijing due to food cross‐contamination.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the food service environment may influence caterers' abilities to comply with foodservice safety and infection control guidelines. In the post‐pandemic era, enhanced quality control and standardised risk mitigation strategies are needed to improve athletes' health at international sporting events.
Systematic review of interventions aimed at improving the quality of referrals to radiology
Authors: Tsang Chi Lap Nicholas , Luong David , Stapleton Troy
Published: September 2024

Despite ubiquitous use of medical imaging in daily medical practice, the quality of referrals varies significantly across a variety of practice types and locations. This systematic review summarises studies in the literature that have employed interventions aimed at improving radiology referrals, excluding clinical decision support software. A systematic review of literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. Two reviewers independently identified studies for inclusion. All studies that included interventions with any outcome measure were included. Any irrelevant studies, non‐English studies or not retrievable studies were excluded. Studies were grouped into Education, Feedback, Rationing, Penalties, and Other. The outcomes of the studies were summarised and qualitatively analysed due to anticipated heterogeneity. Four thousand six hundred and forty‐two studies were identified throughout PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. One hundred and eighty‐seven duplicates were removed and 4436 abstracts were screened. Two hundred and forty were identified on the first phase of the screening with 167 then excluded for non‐relevancy. Seventy‐five full studies were included in the final analysis following the addition of 2 additional studies. Fifty‐seven studies were grouped into Education, 10 into Feedback, 4 into Rationing, 8 into Penalties, 9 into Other and 11 containing multiple. Eighty‐four percent of the studies reported an improvement in the quality of the referrals. Despite a variable rate of quality referrals, there are many interventions that radiology departments across the world can utilise to improve the referral process.
Turn on, tune in, turn out: Ethnic radio and immigrants' political engagement
Authors: Zonszein Stephanie
Published: September 2024

Does the ethnic media promote the political engagement of minority ethnic immigrants? This is a salient question in Western democracies, where the political incorporation of immigrants is a continuous challenge. Prevailing accounts place the media as a primary cause of growing public disengagement. In contrast, this article argues that the entry of community‐centered ethnic media can increase immigrants' political engagement by changing their informational environment and their representation in media and state institutions. In 2004, the UK Parliament enacted the Community Radio Order to allow the licensing of community radio stations. Leveraging the introduction of this law and geographical variation in the distribution of licenses with a difference‐in‐differences approach, this article shows that the exposure of minority ethnic immigrants to radio programming targeted at their community substantively increases their turnout in local elections. The results suggest that immigrants' participation in politics is stimulated by accommodating diversity within common institutions.
Increased packed cell volume alters point of care viscoelastic clotting parameters in horses
Authors: Bishop Rebecca C. , Jonk Kaitlyn M. , Migliorisi Alessandro , Austin Scott M. , Mullins Emma C. , Wilkins Pamela A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Polycythaemia and coagulopathy are identified risk factors for non‐survival in critically ill horses. Assessment of coagulation is recommended for critical care monitoring but may be affected by concurrent polycythaemia.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of induced polycythaemia on coagulation parameters as measured by a point‐of‐care viscoelastic coagulation device (VCM Vet™).

Study design

Prospective interventional study.

Methods

Healthy adult horses (n = 7) were given 6 mcg/kg of phenylephrine IV over 15 min to induce transient polycythaemia. Samples for packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), complete blood count (CBC), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), prothrombin (PT) and VCM Vet™ viscoelastic testing were collected at baseline (T0), 5 min (T1) and 2 h (T2) post‐phenylephrine infusion. Splenic volume was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography. VCM Vet™ and plasma‐based coagulation parameters, splenic volume and haematologic values were compared within and between time points.

Results

Splenic volume decreased from T0 (11.5 ± 4.8 L) to T1 (6.1 ± 2 L, p = 0.04) and returned to baseline volume by T2 (12.1 ± 3.9 L, p = 0.8), consistent with phenylephrine‐induced splenic contraction. PCV increased from T0 (37% ± 4%) to T1 (56.3% ± 5.3%; p < 0.001) and returned to baseline at T2 (41.6% ± 3.6%; p = 0.1). A10 and A20 (amplitude at 10 and 20 min, VCM units) were decreased from T0 (12.6 ± 1.6, 18.9 ± 5) to T1 (5.4 ± 1.9, 7.6 ± 2.4; both p < 0.001) and remained lower than baseline at T2 (9.3 ± 2.1, 12.7 ± 3; both p = 0.01). PT and PTT remained within reference ranges with no significant difference over time (p = 0.5 and 0.09, respectively). PCV was negatively correlated with CFT (R = −0.61, p = 0.003), A10 (R = −0.9, p < 0.001) and A20 (R = −0.87, p < 0.001).

Main limitations

Small sample size, limited to healthy mares.

Conclusions

Phenylephrine‐induced polycythaemia was associated with hypocoagulable viscoelastic traces using the VCM Vet™ device without effect on plasma‐based coagulation assessments or platelet number. Further investigation of viscoelastic testing is needed in horses with increased PCV due to clinical illness.
A feathered past: Colonial influences on bird naming practices, and a new common name for Ardenna carneipes (Gould 1844)
Authors: Bond Alexander L. , Lavers Jennifer L.
Published: September 2024

Recently, there has been increased focus on the origins and history of common names for organisms, especially birds. Of particular interest are eponymous common names that reflect our colonial past. While identification of alternative names can be straightforward for some species, for those that migrate across jurisdictions including the lands of multiple Traditional Owner/Indigenous groups, reaching consensus on a single name that reflects the features of the species and their cultural importance can be substantially more complex. Using the migratory Ardenna carneipes as a case study, we propose a new common name (Sable Shearwater) for the species and discuss the many challenges that others will need to consider when navigating this important yet sensitive space.
Use of glucose sensors for post‐discharge care triaging of insulin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study
Authors: Chang Ruby , Piya Milan K. , Ara Paige , Fernandes Brunelle , Simmons David
Published: September 2024

The use of glucose sensors to triage post‐discharge follow‐up was investigated among hospital inpatients with type 2 diabetes. Feasibility, utility and patient satisfaction with this model of care were studied. Feasibility was 36.5%, with 90/198 (45.5%) inpatients discharged with glucose sensors but 9.0% unable to use glucose sensors effectively. Follow‐up plans were altered in 76.3% of the patients able to use the sensor technology. Patient satisfaction was high and was improved on follow‐up after 6 months.
Push or pull? Digital notification platform implementation reduces dysglycaemia
Authors: Satheakeerthy Shrirajh , Stretton Brandon , Booth Andrew E. C. , Howson Sarah , Evans Shaun , Kovoor Joshua , McNeil Keith , Hopkins Ashley , Zeitz Kathryn , Leslie Alasdair , Psaltis Peter , Gupta Aashray , Tan Sheryn , Teo Melissa , Vanlint Andrew , Chan Weng O. , Zannettino Andrew , O'Callaghan Patrick G. , Maddison John , Gluck Samuel , Gilbert Toby , Bacchi Stephen
Published: September 2024

Pushing selected information to clinicians, as opposed to the traditional method of clinicians pulling information from an electronic medical record, has the potential to improve care. A digital notification platform was designed by clinicians and implemented in a tertiary hospital to flag dysglycaemia. There were 112 patients included in the study, and the post‐implementation group demonstrated lower rates of dysglycaemia (2.5% vs 1.1%, P = 0.038). These findings raise considerations for information delivery methods for multiple domains in contemporary healthcare.
‘Instructor in action’: Co‐design and evaluation of human‐centred LA‐informed feedback in MOOCs
Authors: Topali Paraskevi , Cobos Ruth , Agirre‐Uribarren Unai , Martínez‐Monés Alejandra , Villagrá‐Sobrino Sara
Published: September 2024

Background

Personalised and timely feedback in massive open online courses (MOOCs) is hindered due to the large scale and diverse needs of learners. Learning analytics (LA) can support scalable interventions, however they often lack pedagogical and contextual grounding. Previous research claimed that a human‐centred approach in the design of LA solutions can be beneficial. Yet, there is a scarcity of empirical studies discussing participatory approaches addressing LA for feedback in MOOCs.

Paper Objectives

We report a human‐centred design, where an instructor and a tool developer employed a conceptual framework, named FeeD4Mi, to shape personalised LA‐informed feedback in a MOOC.

Methods

The current study follows a qualitative interpretative approach to understand how the proposed conceptual framework FeeD4Mi served the MOOC instructor and the tool developer to design feedback interventions and re‐design an existing LA tool, respectively.

Results and Conclusions

The results showed that FeeD4Mi helped the tool developer to create a contextualised LA tool, named edX‐LIMS+. edX‐LIMS+ allowed the instructor to monitor and assist struggling MOOC learners in a timely manner. Additionally, FeeD4Mi successfully guided the course instructor in designing and delivering personalised interventions. Yet, the feedback design process was perceived as time‐demanding, an issue we plan to address in our future work.

Takeaways

The current study extends the existing empirical research about employing human‐centred approaches for the design of LA‐driven interventions. Moreover, this study advances the theory of scalable feedback tactics, through a conceptual framework that aims to guide MOOC instructors during the definition of feedback interventions. We envision that this research contributes to promoting participatory approaches for designing, delivering, and evaluating LA‐informed feedback interventions in authentic contexts.
‘And forgive us our debts’: Christian moralities and over‐indebtedness
Authors: Hasan Iftekhar , Noth Felix , Kiesel Konstantin
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes whether Christian moralities and rules formed differently by Catholics and Protestants impact the likelihood of households becoming over‐indebted. We find that over‐indebtedness is lower in regions in which Catholics outweigh Protestants, indicating that Catholics' forgiveness culture and stricter enforcement of rules by Protestants serve as explanations for our results. Our results provide evidence that religion affects the financial situations of individuals and show that even 500 years after the split between Catholics and Protestants, the differences in the mindsets of both denominations play an important role in situations of severe financial conditions.
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration (UAOD) pretreatment on Mangifera pajang Kosterm. fruit pulp: Drying kinetics, chemical qualities, and color measurement
Authors: Mohd Rosdan Muhammad Daniel Eazzat , Awang Mohd Azrie , Benjamin Mohammad Amil Zulhilmi , Mohd Amin Siti Faridah , Julmohammad Norliza
Published: September 2024

Mangifera pajang Kosterm., or 'Bambangan,' a fruit known for its rich phytochemical content, was investigated for the effects of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration (UAOD) on pretreated M. pajang fruit pulp (PMPF) and drying at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C). Thin‐layer drying kinetics were analyzed using six models, with the Midilli and Kucuk model being the most suitable, showing optimal effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy. PMPF dried at 50°C, using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as the extraction solvent, exhibited the highest extraction yield (64.13 ± 1.08%), mangiferin content (0.5818 ± 0.00164 mg/g), total phenolic content (146.2081 ± 1.33 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid content (2.4737 ± 0.06 mg RE/g DW), and DPPH inhibition activity (95.87 ± 0.16%), along with the best color retention compared to untreated M. pajang fruit pulp. This highlights its potential for nutraceutical and functional food applications, with UAOD as pretreatment effectively preserving food quality and color.

Practical Applications

This article provides new insights into the drying and pretreatment of Mangifera pajang fruits. Rich in phytochemicals, M. pajang offers numerous health benefits. Pretreatment methods such as ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration (UAOD) and oven drying at different temperatures significantly enhance the retention of bioactive compounds like phenolics and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant activity and color stability. The study identified optimal drying temperatures, conditions, drying rates, and activation energy to maximize these qualities. Using mathematical models for drying kinetics, this research offers practical guidance for the food processing industry. It provides an operational tool for manufacturers to optimize the drying process, reduce operational costs, and ensure the preservation of chemical qualities while extending the shelf life of M. pajang fruits. This work supports the development of high‐quality nutraceutical and functional food ingredients, promoting their commercialisation and use in health‐focused markets.
Measuring multinational production with foreign direct investment statistics: A survey of challenges and recent developments
Authors: Wacker Konstantin M. , Casella Bruno , Borga Maria
Published: September 2024

Foreign direct investment (FDI) statistics are frequently used to proxy multinational production and activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Yet, FDI statistics have been subject to critique because FDI is also driven by financial motives that are barely related to real production activities. In this paper, we survey recent advancements in the compilation of international FDI statistics that address those challenges. We discuss how those improved FDI statistics help to tighten the relation between FDI data and multinational production and provide guidance to applied researchers how to implement this in practice.
Comparison of stress distribution around splinted and nonsplinted implants with different crown height space in posterior mandible: A finite element analysis study
Authors: Güngör Erdoğan Hamiyet , Keleş Mert , Yılmaz Burak
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) study was to analyze the stress distribution on prosthetic components of splinted and nonsplinted prostheses, bone, and implants with different crown height space (CHS).

Materials and Methods

Mandibular posterior segment was modeled with no resorption at the second premolar site and various amounts of resorption (0, 3, 6, and 9 mm) at the first molar site. Two adjacent implants (Straumann bone level implants, 4.1 mm×8 mm) were placed; at the second premolar site, the crown height was 8 mm and at the first molar site, the crown height varied (8, 11, 14, and 17 mm), depending on the amount of resorption. Both splinted and nonsplinted crowns were designed. Vertical and oblique loads of 400 N were applied to the crowns. von Mises stress was used to evaluate the stress distribution in the implant complex and maximum principal stress was used to evaluate the stress in the bone.

Results

When oblique forces were applied, the highest von Mises stresses were observed for nonsplinted crowns in the 17 mm CHS group. The maximum principal and minimum principal stresses observed in bone under oblique loading increased with increased CHS for nonsplinted restorations.

Conclusions

Crown height affected the amount of stress in bone and implant components. When the crown height difference between two adjacent implants increases, splinting may be crucial.
The Social Character of the Unconscious. A Cross Reading between G. H. Mead and C. G. Jung
Authors: Bruni Lorenzo , Santarelli Matteo
Published: September 2024

The aim of this essay is to develop an original interpretative hypothesis concerning problematic aspects of Georege Herbert Mead's social theory of the Self in the light of Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology. First of all, we will try to unveil a link between the Meadian component of the Self defined I and the dimension of the unconscious. Discussion of this connection will open to the hypothesis that the Meadian I can be understood as both an instinctive, unconscious and non‐pre‐social component of the Self. We will support this interpretative hypothesis by establishing a dialogue with two of the central concepts of Jung's analytical psychology, namely, the collective unconscious and the archetype. As we shall see, the main point of contact between the two theories lies in the identification of a common non‐pre‐social declination of the instinctive and unconscious assumptions of the conscious Self. More narrowly, we will try to explore this hypothesis by arguing for an interpretative affinity between the Jungian archetype and the Meadian social nature of instincts. Along these lines, we will propose a functionalist approach to the interpretation of the instinctive dimension of archetypes, according to which archetypes function instinctively. Our hypothesis of convergence between Mead and Jung with regard to the social nature of instincts and the archetype will lead us to sketch a peculiar and innovative social conception of the unconscious.