bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of Nickel (II) Complexes from Novel Semicarbazone Ligands with Chloroformylarylhydrazine, Benzimidazole and Salicylaldehyde Moieties
Authors: Shih Mei-Hsiu , Xu Yu-Yuan , Yang Yu-Sheng , Lin Tzu-Ting
Published: March 2015

This study addressed the design and syntheses of diverse ligands, which were then successfully treated with Ni (II) ion to afford a series of nickel complexes. α-Chloroformylarylhydrazine hydrochlorides 6 contain two different functional groups. One is a strong nucleophile, and the other is a good electrophile. Therefore, it can be designed to react with several reagents to obtain diverse derivatives which can be used as ligands for metal complexes. Furthermore, benzimidazole and salicylaldehyde can provide electron donor sites, N and O electron donors, separately. Hence, the starting materials α-chloroformylarylhydrazine hydrochlorides 6 were first treated with 2-(aminomethyl)-benzimidazole (7) to give the corresponding semicarbazides 8. Then, the semicarbazides 8 reacted with various substituted salicylaldehydes 9–11 to afford the desired substituted-salicylaldehyde 2-aryl-4-substituted semicarbazones 12–14, which could coordinate with nickel (II) ion to give the corresponding nickel complexes 15–17.
Chromatographic Characterization and Process Performance of Column-Packed Anion Exchange Fibrous Adsorbents for High Throughput and High Capacity Bioseparations
Authors: Gavara Poondi , Bibi Noor , Sanchez Mirna , Grasselli Mariano , Fernandez-Lahore Marcelo
Published: March 2015

Fibrous materials are prominent among novel chromatographic supports for the separation and purification of biomolecules. In this work, strong anion exchange, quaternary ammonium (Q) functional fibrous adsorbents were evaluated with regards to their physical and functional characteristics. A column packed with Q fibrous adsorbent illustrated the good column packing efficiency of theoretical plate height (H) values and higher permeability coefficients (>0.9 × 10−7 cm2) than commercial adsorbents. For pulse experiments with acetone and lactoferrin as tracers under nonbinding conditions, the total porosity (for acetone) and the interstitial porosity (for lactoferrin) measured 0.97 and 0.47, respectively. The total ionic capacity of the chemically-functionalized Q fiber was 0.51 mmol/mL. The results indicated that the Q fiber had a static binding capacity of 140 mg/mL and a dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of 76 mg/mL for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and showed a linearly-scalable factor (~110 mL) for a column volume with high capacity and high throughput. Furthermore, this adsorptive material had the ability to bind the high molecular weight protein, thyroglobulin, with a capacity of 6 mg/mL. This work demonstrated the column-packed Q fibrous adsorption system as a potential chromatography support that exhibits high capacity at higher flow rates.
Global Coverage Measurement Planning Strategies for Mobile Robots Equipped with a Remote Gas Sensor
Authors: Arain Muhammad , Trincavelli Marco , Cirillo Marcello , Schaffernicht Erik , Lilienthal Achim
Published: March 2015

The problem of gas detection is relevant to many real-world applications, such as leak detection in industrial settings and landfill monitoring. In this paper, we address the problem of gas detection in large areas with a mobile robotic platform equipped with a remote gas sensor. We propose an algorithm that leverages a novel method based on convex relaxation for quickly solving sensor placement problems, and for generating an efficient exploration plan for the robot. To demonstrate the applicability of our method to real-world environments, we performed a large number of experimental trials, both on randomly generated maps and on the map of a real environment. Our approach proves to be highly efficient in terms of computational requirements and to provide nearly-optimal solutions.
Assuring best practice in technology-enhanced learning environments
Authors: Keppell Mike , Suddaby Gordon , Hard Natasha
Published: March 2015

This paper documents the development and findings of the Good Practice Report on Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC). Developing the Good Practice Report required a meta-analysis of 33 ALTC learning and teaching projects relating to technology funded between 2006 and 2010. This report forms one of 12 completed Good Practice Reports on a range of different topics commissioned by the ALTC and Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT). The reports aim to reduce issues relating to dissemination that projects face within the sector by providing educators with an efficient and accessible way of engaging with and filtering through the resources and experiences of numerous learning and teaching projects funded by the ALTC and OLT. The Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching Report highlights examples of good practice and provides outcomes and recommendations based on the meta-analysis of the relevant learning and teaching projects. However, in order to ensure the value of these reports is realised, educators need to engage with the reports and integrate the information and findings into their practice. The paper concludes by detailing how educational networks can be utilised to support dissemination.Keywords: technology; learning and teaching; higher education; best practiceCitation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 25728 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.25728
Effect of Nd on Primary Silicon and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-17.5%Si Alloy
Authors: Shi Wei Xi , Du Cheng Wu , Liu Bing , Wang Ping Yuan
Published: March 2015

The modification mechanism of hypereutectic Al-17.5%Si alloy with Nd was studied by OM and XRD. The results of OM analysis show that pure Nd could effectively refine primary in hypereutectic Al-17.5%Si alloy. When Nd addition is 0.3%, the average grain size of primary silicon reaches its minimum. The average grain size of primary silicon is reduced from 40~60μm to 10~30μm after modification. XRD patterns show that no new phase forms after Nd modification. The results of mechanical properties tests show that whole properties of modified samples are significantly improved. When Nd addition is 0.3%, tensile strength of the alloy reaches its maximum. Tensile strength is increased about 35.8% from 120 MPa to 163 MPa. Elongation was increased about 175% from 0.8% to 2.2%. The improvement of mechanical properties should attribute to fine primary after modification.
Experiment and Analyses on 16 Mn Steel under Cyclic Loading Controlled by Strain
Authors: Zhang Qiu Ling , Xiang Yan Kai , Xiao Guang Hong
Published: March 2015

The uniaxial and multiaxial non-proportional cyclic experiments of 16Mn steel under strain-control were carried out using MTS809 machine and Teststar control system. Cyclic softening was observed for 16Mn steel under strain-control cyclic loading. The restraining effects of mean strain, strain amplitude, non-proportional loading path and their histories to subsequent cyclic softening were revealed, and some useful conclusions for establishing constitutive model of non-proportional cyclic were obtained.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Retained Austenite on the Impact Toughness of a Low-Carbon Martensite Steel
Authors: Peng Liang Gui , Liu Wei Jie , Liu Xianghua , Zhi Ying
Published: March 2015

Effect of various heat treatment processes on the impact property of a low-carbon steel was investigated. Its microstructure and morphology were also observed and characterized. Fraction of retained austenite of the tested steel varied with the change of temperature and holding time of quenching, carbon partitioning and tempering process. After Q&P treatment, the impact property of the tested steel improved with increasing volume fraction of retained austenite. After tempering, the impact property of the tested steel further improved despite the decrease of the fraction of the retained austenite. Experimental results show that the stabilization and fraction of the retained austenite from which the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect originated control the toughness of the tested steel. It should be noted that the common tempering theory is insufficient to explain the current observations for the impact energy increment. Instead, it may be explained by the decomposition of the block-like retained austenite that is generally harmful to the toughness of the steel.
Effect of Diamond Shape on Thermal-Physical Properties of Diamond/Cu Composites
Authors: Chen Jian Hao , Ren Shu Bin , He Xin Bo , Qu Xuan Hui
Published: March 2015

High volume fraction diamond/copper composites with different diamond shape were prepared by vacuum pressure infiltration. In this paper, the effect of diamond type on thermo-physical properties of the composites was researched. The results showed that the composites with broken diamond exhibited the lowest thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, only 401W/m•k and 6.2×10-6m/K respectively, and the composites with monocrystalline diamond had the best properties, reaching to 527W/m•K and 8.3×10-6m/K respectively, and the properties of the composites with modified-shape diamond were in the middle. The difference in the properties of the composites with different-shape diamond is attributed to their various specific surface areas.
Galvanic Corrosion of 70-30 Copper-Nickel Alloy in Contact with Nickel-Aluminum Bronze in Simulated Deep Sea Environment
Authors: Xing Qing , Fan Lin , Guo Wei Min , Chen Xiang Xi , Gong Li Hua , Yang Chao
Published: March 2015

The galvanic corrosion behavior of 70-30 copper-nickel alloy as a brand new seawater pipe material and nickel-aluminum bronze as the commonly used pipe valve material in simulated low temperature conditions of deep sea was studied. The galvanic corrosion potential and galvanic current density of the pair were monitored, and the galvanic corrosion tendency and effect at different temperature were evaluated. Combined with the electrochemical measurements, the influence of seawater temperature on galvanic corrosion behavior was also discussed. The results showed that as the result of coupling, 70-30 copper-nickel alloy acting as the coupled cathode was prevented from corrosion, while nickel-aluminum bronze became the sacrificial anode. With the decrease of seawater temperature, the galvanic corrosion tendency and galvanic corrosion rate of the pair decreased. The change in galvanic corrosion tendency with seawater temperature was attributed to the different electrochemical properties induced by the inherent difference in chemical compositions of the alloys. The low galvanic corrosion rate and effect were related to the reduced mass transfer rates at low temperature. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the copper alloys was much sensitive to the change in the amount of dissolved oxygen at the lower seawater temperature, especially for the alloy with higher passivation ability, i.e., 70-30 copper-nickel alloy.
Measurement of TTP Curves of 7050 Aluminum Alloy by Conductivity
Authors: Kang Lei , Zhao Gang , Tian Ni , Fu He
Published: March 2015

The conductivity of 7050 alloy after isothermal quenched and isothermal quenched then T6 aged was measured by a simple and efficient method of measuring conductivity, its TTP curves fitted by conductivity data and also the isothermal treated microstructure of this alloy studied by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the same time, the TTP curves fitted respectively by hardness and conductivity data of isothermal quenched then T6 aged samples were compared. The results show that it is feasible to fit TTP curves of 7xxx series high strength aluminum alloy by the method of conductivity measurement which can obtain its TTP curves by measuring transient properties of alloy. The nose temperature of the TTP curves of 7050 alloy fitted by conductivity method is about 330°C and at this temperature the incubation period for decomposition and precipitation of supersaturated solid solution is 1.25 s. By isothermal treating at 330°C for 2 s the precipitates in 7050 alloy form mainly by heterogeneous nucleation. It is indicated that for current TTP curves of aluminum alloy fitted by the method of measuring properties, the precipitates corresponding with the TTP curve which represents properties of alloy variations about 0.5% of the target properties are heterogeneous nucleation precipitation.
Study on Microstructure and Property of High Boron Alloyed Stainless Steel Composite Plate Containing Titanium
Authors: Liu Jing , Han Jing Tao , Liu Yan Long
Published: March 2015

A certain amount of Ti was added into high boron alloyed stainless steel with content 2.25%B, and then high boron alloyed stainless steel composite casting slab with three layers was fabricated , in which central layer is high boron alloyed stainless steel containing Ti and cladding is plain 304 stainless steel without Ti. The microstructure of core and interface and the mechanical property of the composite plate were studied after hot forged, hot rolled and solution treated process respectively. The results show that the boride in as-cast microstructure of core are (Fe,Cr)2B phase with long strip and TiB2 phase with petal shape, moreover the formation of TiB2 phase decreases the amount of (Fe,Cr)2B phase. Two kinds of boride are fully broken after hot rolling and distributed in the form of block uniformly in matrix, and TiB2 phase is more fine uniform. The mechanical property especially plastic performance of high boron alloyed stainless steel composite plate containing Ti after solution treatment is improved significantly, it has reached and surpassed the United States ASTM A887-89 delivery standards.
Preparation of Nickel-Based Al2O3-TiB2 Composite Ceramic Powder
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhou Xiao Ping , Fang Ying Ze
Published: March 2015

Effect of 10% Ni on synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 Composite ceramic powder during the mechanical alloy. X-ray diffraction phase analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the phase and morphology of particles which ball milling different time. The results show that: when adding 10%Ni, it generates Al2O3, TiB2 ceramic phase after 20h; In the process of mechanical alloying, the powder particles can agglomerate and then break up. It will accelerate the powder agglomeration for Ni is absorbed on the surface of Al particles, thus shorten the diffusion distance of the atom and accelerate the solid state reaction.
Ti-Al-Zr-B-Y Amorphous Alloy Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Zhu Yu Ying , He Yun Hua , Li Qiang
Published: March 2015

Mechanical alloying (MA) is used to prepare amorphous alloy powders. The experiments were performed by a high energy ball milling device using stainless steel vessels and balls under argon atmosphere at a rotation rate of 450 r/min. B and Y were used as the minor additions to prepare new quaternary or complex amorphous alloy powders. Ti50Al(47-x-y)Zr3BxYy (x=0, 0.6, y=0, 0.2) amorphous alloy powders were successively obtained. The milled amorphous alloy powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and DSC. Ti50Al47Zr3 amorphous alloy powders were obtained after milled 50h. The milling time needed to obtain complete amorphous alloy for Ti50Al46.4Zr3B0.6, Ti50Al46.8Zr3Y0.2 and Ti50Al46.2Zr3 B0.6Y0.2 are 40h, 35h and 30h, respectively. Minor additions of B and Y decreases the milling time for preparing amorphous alloy. SEM shows that B and Y can refine the grain of the amorphous alloy powders. DSC shows that minor substitution of 0.6at.%B or 0.2at.%Y can increase the glass forming ability (GFA) for the TiAl based alloys.
Comparison and Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Bonded on the Side and Bottom Surface
Authors: Chen Xu Jun , Zhu Xiao E , Gao Chao Hong
Published: March 2015

Many studies have focused on the flexural behavior of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bonded on the bottom surface; however, rare attempt is made to strengthen RC beams with FRP bonded on the side surface, furthermore, as for the comparative study of the both is even more scarce.Based on the existing bending experimental data of RC beams externally strengthened with FRP, the flexural capacity calculation formula of normal section of RC beams strengthened with FRP bonded on the side or bottom surface was deduced in the paper. In addition, a comparative analysis on the strengthening effect between bottom bonded FRP and side bonded FRP was made. The results indicated that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the former was slightly lower than the later.
A Comparison of Gelling Properties Stability of Dry-Heating and Maillard-Type Egg White Proteins
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Hai Bin , Xiang Tao
Published: March 2015

Gelling properties stability of the Maillard-type and dry-heating egg white proteins (MEW and DEW) were investigated. MEW were prepared by storing sugar-preserved egg white proteins and glucose at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 2 days, and DEW were prepared by storing at 80°C in dry state (7.5% moisture content) for 7 days. The results showed that both MEW and DEW have excellent gelling properties. After storage at room temperature for 180 days, gel hardness, spring and cohesiveness of MEW increased by 1.92%, 1.89% and 4.24% respectively, water holding capacity of MEW gel decreased by 1.42%, while storage time had a considerable effect on those of DEW gels. A tight and more uniform network with constant stability in the course of storage was observed in the gel of MEW (500×), while gaps in EWP gel network were larger and the gel texture became looser with storage time. The results demonstrated that gelling properties stability of MEW is better than DEW.
RSM as an Approach to Optimize Ginger Intermittent Microwave Drying Process
Authors: Zhang Ling Lin , Wang Bo , Zhang Li Hua , Zeng Min
Published: March 2015

Based on the response surface central composite design theory, the passage discusses the effects of microwave power, slice thickness and the pulse ratio on ginger intermittent microwave drying process through response surface methodology. Simultaneously we establish quadratic polynomial regression model and optimize the drying process parameters. Results show that the influence of 3 factors on the comprehensive evaluation: The slice thickness > Microwave power > The pulse ratio. The best process parameters of ginger intermittent microwave drying is: microwave power 515W, the slice thickness 2mm, the pulse ratio 45s and the maximum comprehensive score is 0.96.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Bio-Based Oligomer
Authors: Cheng Lie , Zhang You Feng , Yu Lin Wei , Fu Chang Qing
Published: March 2015

A kind of novel multifunctional ene bio-based oligomer has been successfully synthesized, which based on the renewable resource of the rapeseed oil and the 10-undecylenic acid. The structure of this novel oligomer was confirmed through proton nuclear magnetic resonanace (NMR). The result shows that the goal product has been produced successfully.
Electrospun Hydroxyapatite/BMP-2 Grafted PLLA Nanofibers for Guided Bone Rebuilding Scaffold
Authors: Yang Xiao Zhan , Li Zhen Sheng
Published: March 2015

In order to prepare the bone repair scaffold materials that could employ the sources of the injured bone, the bioactive HA and BMP-2 were added into the biomaterial PLLA. The four scaffold materials, PLLA, PLLA/HA, PLLA/BMP-2 and PLLA/HA/BMP-2 were prepared by electrospinning. The SEM results revealed that the morphology of the 7wt% PLLA fibers was better than the 5wt% PLLA fibers, and the HA nanoparticles were distributed uniformly in fibers. The calculated surface energy of the PLLA/HA/BMP-2 scaffold was higher compared with other three scaffolds, this result fit well with the result of MTT assay of the four scaffold materials, and the MTT assay showed that the MG63 cells on the PLLA/HA/BMP-2 scaffold material proliferated faster compared with the PLLA/HA or PLLA/BMP-2. It is logical to assume that PLLA/HA/BMP-2 scaffold material is a promising material for bony tissue repair.
Preparation of Sodium Paeonolsilate Intercalated into Layered Double Hydroxides and its Release Properties
Authors: Gu Liang Hua , Song Hong Qing , Sun Zhi Yong , Zheng Ji Yong , Zhang Jin Wei , Wang Li , Xu Feng Ling , Lin Cun Guo
Published: March 2015

A controlled release composite has been prepared by intercalation of sodium paeonolsilate (PAS) into Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with the molar ratio (M2+/M3+) of 2:1. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirm the intercalation of PAS into the galleries of LDH. The chemical composites of PAS-LDH were revealed by elemental analysis. Release tests of the PAS-LDH composite showed that no burst release phenomenon occurred at the beginning stage and a high release ratio of PAS (89.8%) was obtained, exhibiting controlled release behavior. Furthermore, the parabolic diffusion model was used to simulate the release kinetics of PAS from the LDH carrier, indicating that the intraparticle diffusion via ion-exchange is the rate-determining step in the release process. It is significance in this work for introducing the PAS-LDH composite to develop antifouling materials with long-term activity.
Atomistic Simulation on Buckling Behavior of Monolayer Graphene
Authors: Zhen Cai Ru , Chen Yu Li , Qiao Chuan , Liu Qi Jun
Published: March 2015

The buckling behavior of monolayer graphene sheets with simple-supported, clamped-free and clamped-clamped boundary conditions is investigated by the atomic-scale finite method (AFEM). The initial static equilibrium state of monolayer graphene sheet is obtained in the simulation as a waved configuration which is close to the real graphene observed in experiments. With the increase of compressive displacement, the force displays three stages: linear increasing, nonlinear increasing and decreasing slowly after a sudden drop. Different from the prediction by classical theory, the critical buckling loads of graphene sheets with different boundary conditions are similar, which is attributed to the initial waved configuration of the monolayer graphene sheets.
Influence of Cadmium Oxide on Thermal Hazard of AP-CMDB Propellants
Authors: Jia Hao Nan , Lu Gui E , An Zhen Tao , Jiang Jin Yong , Ge Qiang , Wang Shao Guang , Hu Zhe
Published: March 2015

The influence of cadmium oxide on the thermal decomposition behaviors of AP-CMDB propellants was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The test results show that the decomposition process of AP-CMDB can be divided into two stages. Cadmium oxide can increase the initial temperature, slow down the decomposition rate and improve the thermal safety of AP-CMDB.
Swelling Kinetic Study of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Blend Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Mian Mian , Chen Yu Xi , Ma Xia
Published: March 2015

In this article, the swelling behavior and swelling kinetic of poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel were investigated. It was found that the PGA/PVA hydrogels revealed the pH-sensitive property and exhibited a faster swelling at pH7.4. The study of swelling kinetics revealed that the swelling mechanism followed the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
Influence of Predeformation on Mechanical Behavior of Hastelloy C-276
Authors: Feng Ce , Li De Fu , Guo Sheng Li , Liu Xiang Ai , Liu Sheng Pu
Published: March 2015

The accurate prediction of springback is a subject of major concern during the sheet metal forming. In this study, the recovery behavior of Hastelloy C-276 sheet under different amounts of pre-strain has been investigated by uniaxial cyclic tensile tests. The total springback during unloading could be separated into a linear springback and a nonlinear springback. The percentage of nonlinear recovery to the total recovery increased as the pre-strain increased. Both unloading and reloading elastic moduli decreased as the pre-strain increased, which affected the springback phenomenon significantly. Nonlinear recovery could be explained by the movement of dislocations in the reverse direction. The decrease of unloading elastic modulus is mainly related with the dislocation motion and the mobile dislocation density.
The Estimation of the Thermal Properties of Refractory Materials According to the Temperatures Acceleration Curve at the Blast Furnace Blowing-In
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Zolotykh Maxim O. , Chesnokov Yury A. , Ivanov Oleg Yu. , Vitkina Galina Yu.
Published: March 2015

In a laying of a hearth it is usually used to ten different types of the flameproof materials. The characteristics of materials declared by the manufacturer can differ from the actual. For creation of the mathematical model [1, 2] temperatures distributions in a laying of the concrete furnace it is necessary to know thermal conductivity of materials of the specific parties used at construction of the furnace. Definition of the thermal conductivity coefficient allows adapt mathematical model for specific conditions of use. The technique of determination of thermal properties of refractory materials on the temperatures acceleration curve at blowing-in of the blast furnace is described.
Preparation and Thermal Fatigue Behaviors of Silicon Nitride Nano-Ceramics
Authors: Tian Chun Yan , Jiang Hai
Published: March 2015

Silicon nitride nanoceramics were prepared by hot press sintering amorphous Si3N4 and α-Si3N4 nanopowders. The microstructures as well as the effect of starting powders size on the mechanical properties and thermal fatigue properties were investigated. The results show that microstructure of sintered materials consists of spherical grains with approximate size of 100 nm. The mechanical properties and thermal fatigue resistance vary with the addition of α–Si3N4 powders. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness are obtained when the α–Si3N4 powders amount is 40wt.%. And the Si3N4 nanoceramic added 40wt.% α–Si3N4 powders has the best capability to suppress crack propagation and the highest critical temperature difference.
The Evaluation of Absorption Performance of Magneto-Rheological (MR) Elastomer
Authors: Lee Kwang Hee , Jung Kyung Sik , Lee Chul Hee
Published: March 2015

This study examines the relation between the thickness of a specimen and the weight of an impactor for evaluating the shock absorption performance of magneto-rheological (MR) elastomers with and without a magnetic field. The shock absorption performance can be evaluated by calculating impact energy. The MR elastomer is a smart material and its mechanical properties change under the influence of a magnetic field. The drop impact test is performed to evaluate the amount of shock absorption of the MR elastomer for each test condition. Tests are also performed by varying the magnetic field during impact to improve the shock absorption performance of the MR elastomer, which is related to impact load. The results show a better shock absorption performance with a thicker MR elastomer, lighter impactor, and without a magnetic field. Also, the magnitude of impact and the time duration for stabilization are improved when the magnetic field is varied during the test.
Application Reseach of Oriental Silicon Steel Sheet Used in the Table Motor
Authors: Dong Ting , Liu Kun , Liu Li Fu , Hua Ying
Published: March 2015

The tables used in multi-axis numerical control machine need quicker response ability and higher position precision, so their drive motors must have both high torque density and low torque ripple. In order to realize these requirements, based on the characteristics of the oriental silicon steel sheet which is usually used in the transformers, a similar number of poles and slots PM (permanent magnetic) motor with this material is researched and designed. The motor stator is combined with some single tooth which rolling direction is radical. Because of the excellent magnetic performance along the rolling direction, the proposed stator structure can increase the average torque and decrease the torque ripple. In the end, the finite element soft Ansoft is used to prove that the method is correct and effective.
New Aluminum Plated Corrugated Cardboard Material and Application
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhou Wei , Wang Jin Wu
Published: March 2015

Based on the requirements of sustainable development and innovative design concept, Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering solves the paper based Al film forming technology of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard material so as to obtain new environmental protection. To explore the combination design, aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture design idea and concept of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard and other materials of the modular design, promotes the application and practical popularization value. The production of functional strong, stylish new aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture, can meet the needs of a growing social material production and life.
An Improved Indentation Method for Estimating Limits of Fracture Toughness in Brittle Films
Authors: Fu Kun Kun , Chang Yuan , Chang Li , Zheng Bai Lin
Published: March 2015

We previously presented an energy method for predicting the bounds of fracture toughness of brittle films on a soft substrate from nanoindentation. The method is now further improved by minimizing elastic-plastic work from the measured energy during ring crack formation. Then, we applied this method to determine the limits of fracture toughness of alumina films with a thickness of 100 nm. It was found that fracture toughness of the films is in the range of 1.8-2.2 MPa.m0.5, which is consistent with those measured by the conventional method.
Analysis of Stress and Strain on Shaft Parts for Closed Type of Cross Wedge Rolling during Stretching Stage
Authors: Ji Kai Yu , Shu Xue Dao , Cheng Chao
Published: March 2015

To improve the quality of shafts parts end in cross wedge rolling, this paper applied closed type of cross wedge rolling technology to form shaft parts. By using finite element software DEFORM-3D, simulation of forming process for closed type of cross wedge rolling was carried out. The distribution of the stress field and strain field during stretching stage is characterized as the metallic flowing of the rolling forming process. These results have great theoretical significance and engineering application value in the study of the generated mechanism of the end concavity for the closed type of cross wedge rolling and the improvement of the quality of rolled piece end.
Analysis of Transverse Flatness Distribution of Steel Plate during the Quenching Process
Authors: Wu Yan Lin , Wang Dong Cheng , Kong Ling
Published: March 2015

According to the finite difference method and thermal elastic-plastic theory, combining with martensitic phase transformation kinetics and considering the latent heat and microstructure stress, the temperature, microstructure, stress and strain fields are analyzed. The research indicates that at the beginning of cooling, there are great temperature differences in the direction of thickness and width; at the end of cooling, the temperature and microstructure fields become homogeneous, but the stress and strain field is seriously inhomogeneous. A larger plastic strain occurs on the surface and distributes inhomogeneously in the direction of width are the basic reasons of residual stress. A theoretical basis is provided for improving the offline heat treatment process by analyzing the reason of bad flatness.
The Synthesis of Single-Crystal BiOI Nanoplates with {001} Facets Exposed
Authors: Zhang Da , Chen Liang , Wei Tao , Xiao Cheng Jing , Wang Zai Qin
Published: March 2015

BiOI photocatalyst induced by visible light shows good photocatalytic performance in degradation of organic dyes because of their unique structures and electronic band. This paper introduces the simple liquid method to synthetize nanometer sized single-crystal BiOI nanoplates, using Bi (NO3)3 and KI as the starting materials and water-ethanol as solvent. The BiOI nanoplates have the main ratio of exposed {001} facets. The morphology, structure, band-gap width and optical properties of BiOI nanoplates have been studied through SEM, TEM, XRD, DRS characterization methods.
Kinetics Analysis on Process of Direct Smelting and Alloying between High-Carbon Ferrochrome and Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Li Yang , Fan Xiao Jian , Li Gui Rong
Published: March 2015

Based on the direct reduction alloying theory, the kinetics investigations on process of direct smelting and alloying between high-carbon ferrochrome and molybdenum were conducted. The results indicate that at the high temperature MoO3(g) can easily reduced by carbon dissolved in iron liquid. Reducing the volatilization loss of MoO3 is the most effective measure to increase the Mo yield. With regard to the reaction between CaMoO4(l) and dissolved carbon at steelmaking temperature, the increases of mass transfer coefficient of CaMoO4 in slag and phase contact area between metal and slag make for increasing the reduction rate. CO gas generated from extra carbon acting as reducing agent can provide favorable kinetics conditions for reduction reaction. The reaction between Cr7C3(l) and MoO3(l) in liquid steel is similar to the reaction between CaMoO4(l) and dissolved carbon. The incensement of mass transfer coefficient of MoO3(l) in slag can improve the reduction rate effectively. The CO gas generated from reaction can stir molten bath promote foam slag formation, so as to increase the phase contact area, which provides favorable kinetics condition.
Metal Turning Mechanical Model of Machined Surface Roughness
Authors: Li Quan , Xiong Man Chen , Liu Yin Yin
Published: March 2015

Consider the mechanism of the formation of surface roughness, this paper establish the mechanical model of undeformed chip thickness caused by the cutting edge,and the mechanical model of cutting residues caused by the tool feed movement . By means of Brammertz equation, combining the above two mechanical model,a more perfect surface roughness mechanical mode is established.
Optimization of Rolling Modes on the Mill 1700 of JSC "ArselorMittal Temirtau" with Aim to Increase Quality of Sheet Rolled Products
Authors: Naizabekov A.B. , Talmazan V.A. , Lezhnev Sergey N. , Panin Evgeniy , Erzhanov А.S. , Tolkushkin A.O.
Published: March 2015

Used the influence of technological factors of the rolling process on the intensity of the rolling out of the defect to determine the value of deformation and the coefficient of use of the plasticity resource. Introduced the notion of residual coefficient of plasticity resource in the second stage of transformation of the defect. Found that the causes of deterioration of the quality of cold-rolled sheet can be numerous defects of mechanical origin, caused by mechanical damage of the sheet surface. Conducted an analysis of profiles rolling modes, rolled on the mill 1700. With the use of existing methods calculated DUPR on workshop modes of rolling of specified profiles with and without considering the surface defects. Carried an optimization of the modes of strip rolling with surface defects.
Study on Welding-Seam Characteristics and Formation of Tailor-Welded Blanks with Big Unequal Thickness
Authors: Li Xiao Gang , Jin Ru , Zhang Yong Qiang , Liu Li Xian , Zhang Jian Qiang , Zhao Ai Min
Published: March 2015

170P1/DX54D+Z was a kind of laser-welding-tailored-blanks with unequal thickness. But it usually occurred poor welding seam especially when the thickness has an obvious difference. In this study, it was explored that the important influence factors of welding seam and formations based on the micro-hardness, microstructure testing and cupping experiment. The micro-hardness and microstructure of base metal，welding seam and heat affected zone (HAZ) has been observed. In addition, offset of welding seam and Erickson value was also measured. It was analyzed that the effect of the thickness difference and chemical compositions on welding seam and formation. It was stated that there were a great influence of thickness difference and chemical compositions on the properties of welding seam and formation.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Damping Capacity of Twin Roll Cast ZK60 Alloy
Authors: Zang Qian Hao , Shi Yu Ke , Chen Hong Mei , Zhang Jing , Jin Yun Xue
Published: March 2015

ZK60 alloy strip with 3.5mm thickness which produced by Twin Roll Casting (designated as TRC in short) was used in this paper. The effect of sequential annealing on microstructure and damping capacity of TRC ZK60 alloy was studied by using optical microscope (OM) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The dendrite structure was present in TRC ZK60 alloy strip before and after annealing heat treatment. A few of recrystallized grains were present after annealed at 400°C for 1hr. The damping capacity of the strip as annealed at 400°C was better than that of annealed at the lower temperature. The room temperature (25°C) damping values (Q-1) of ZK60 strip which was annealed at 300°C, 350°C and 400°C were 0.0079, 0.0085 and 0.0096, respectively. The damping peak P1 is a relaxation process, but the damping peak P2 is not a relaxation process. The activation energy H for P1 of TRC ZK60 strip after annealed at 400°C for 1hr was 114KJ/mol. The damping peak P1 was attributed to boundary slip controlled by grain boundary diffusion and lattice self-diffusion.
Finite Element Simulation for Laser Deposition Process of Graphite Copper Gradient Composite of Thermal Stress
Authors: Zhao Long Zhi , Chen Peng Wei , Li De Ying , Zhao Ming Juan , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2015

Taking account of the special structure of gradient material and take advantage of good toughness properties of copper,Based on Ansys secondary development technology, using the Gauss moving heat source and the element birth and death technology, a laser direct deposition of graphite copper gradient composite thermal coupling model was developed;On the basis of accurate calculation of the stress field,the generation mechanism of crack in layer by layer and transverse crack and longitudinal crack for the deposition parts was revealed.
Effect of Load Direction on Failure of Out-of-Plane Composite Joints
Authors: Chen Yu Li , Wang Kang Kang , Zhang Xiao Xiao
Published: March 2015

The mechanical properties of fabric composite π joints under stretch-bending load are studied using the progressive damage method. The failure mode of fillers is evaluated by the modified maximum stress failure criterion due to their structural particularity, while other parts of the joint by the maximum stress failure criterion. Compared with the results of joints under simple tensile load, the numerical simulation result of the joint under stretch-bending loads with varied directions reveals that the flexion can cause significant reduction in the initial and ultimate failure strength although it has little effect on the structure stiffness before initial failure. In addition, the base laminate and the skin are more easily damaged under stretch-bending loads.
Effect of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing Passes on Corrosion Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Pure Iron
Authors: Zhang Liu Yan , Ma Aibin , Jiang Jing Hua , Wu Hui Shu , Yu Hai Bin
Published: March 2015

A series of bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure iron with grain size of 250-450 nm were fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing. Effects of ECAP passes on the corrosion behavior of the UFG pure iron were investigated. Results show that ECAP accelerates the acid corrosion rate of pure iron, but improves its anodic passivation property. The acid corrosion resistance of the UFG pure iron is restored through a large number of ECAP passes as well as through an annealing treatment. Annealing treatment is not good for the anodic passivation property of the UFG pure iron after a small number of ECAP passes. However, after a large number of ECAP passes (up to16), the corrosion resistance and anodic passivation property of UFG pure iron are less affected by annealing.
Effect of Cu on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Sn-8Zn-3Bi Lead-Free Solder Alloy
Authors: Ma Li , Hu Qiang , Sun Yan Bin
Published: March 2015

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the Sn-8Zn-3Bi-xCu lead-free solder in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied to reveal effect of Cu addition on the corrosion resistance of Sn-8Zn-3Bi solder alloy. The results showed that adding Cu element increased the corrosion potential of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-xCu solder alloysThe corrosion resistance of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-xCu solder alloys was improved correspondingly. The corrousion product of Sn-8Zn-3Bi-xCu alloy was mainly zinc oxide. More corrosion products were observed with the increse of Cu content.
Accuracy and Material Properties in Incremental Forming for a Multi-Step Expanding Approach
Authors: Brüninghaus Jan , Oster Anna , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: March 2015

In incremental sheet forming the material properties change dependent on the wall angle. In addition to sheet thinning, material hardening can be observed and for stainless steel the formation of strain induced martensite has been reported. These process characteristics have been extensively examined for the forming of parts in one step. In this study, a first investigation is made to control the material properties independent on the wall angle by a multi-step expanding approach. For this, in the first step a steep wall angle is formed and in the following steps this region is transformed to a shallow wall angle, keeping the material properties. To demonstrate and verify this new approach a small cone frustum with a wall angle of 60° was formed as a preform. This cone frustum was repeatedly expanded in steps of 2° to get finally a cone frustum with 30° wall angle. The stepwise expanding causes a considerably growing of the shape in depth direction, especially at the preformed area. By a heuristic approach the geometric accuracy of the final cone was optimized. The microhardness measurement of the formed cones shows that the final cone frustum has a region, where the material properties are similar to the first formed 60° wall angle. By this new approach the possibility to influence the material properties of the final part purely by tool path is demonstrated. In particular it is possible to form regions with shallow wall angles that have the material properties of regions with steep wall angles.
Experimental Testing of an Analytical Model for Membrane Strains in Single Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Adams David , McAnulty Tegan , Doolan Matthew
Published: March 2015

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a method of forming sheet metal components that requires only minimal tooling and a standard 3 axis milling machine. The low tooling and setup costs of SPIF make it an ideal method for prototyping and low-volume manufacturing. One of the challenges of SPIF is the development of tool paths that will form parts successfully, without encountering failure modes such as fracture due to wall thinning. To progress beyond a trial and error approach to tool path creation, an accurate and fast method of predicting failure must be developed. Forming limits in SPIF are often characterised by a maximum wall angle, corresponding to thinning limits according to the sine law [1]. While inexpensive computationally, the sine law does not account for secondary strains due to part curvature, and is not applicable to multi-pass forming [2]. A more general method of rapidly predicting wall thinning and strain state of a post-formed part is necessary. One such method is a kinematic model proposed by Bambach (2010) [3] which simulates the displacement of the model during each pass of the tool relying only on geometrical data.In this paper, the kinematic model mentioned above is extended to be applied to multi-pass forming and experimentally tested by comparing model predictions of major and minor strains to experimental measurement. The model is found to accurately predict minor strains during multi-pass forming, while over-predicting major strains, likely due to material property and friction affects unaccounted for in the model. By properly understanding the accuracy and limitations of this model as applied to real forming conditions, toolpath strategies can be generated in future with confidence and with minimal computation time.
Local Prevention of Hardening for Punching of Hot-Stamped Parts
Authors: Mori Kenichiro , Maeno Tomoyoshi , Suganami Takuya
Published: March 2015

Punching portions of the sheet are sandwiched between the ceramic billets during rapid resistance heating to prevent hardening of these portions. When the heating temperature is locally lower than that of the austenitic transformation, i.e. below 800 oC, this portion is not hardened without occurrence of martensitic transformation, and thus cold punching of hot-stamped parts becomes easy. The ceramic billets are made of alumina and the heat transfers to the billets. The temperature distribution just after resistance heating, the hardness distribution of the hot-stamped sheet, the cold punching load, the quality of the punched hole, etc. were measured. Hardening of punching portions was successfully prevented by sandwiching between the ceramic billets. The cold punching load for the local prevention of hardening was half of that without local prevention and the delayed fracture was also prevented, whereas the drop in hardness around the sheared edge became larger than that for laser cutting.
Modeling of the Plastic Characteristics of AA6082 for the Friction Stir Welding Process
Authors: Pellegrino Sergio , Fratini Livan , Merklein Marion , Böhm Wolfgang , Nguyen Hung
Published: March 2015

Focus of this paper is to model the plastic forming behavior of AA6082, in order to develop the numerical FE analysis of the friction stir welding processes and the simulation of subsequent forming processes. During the friction stir welding process, the temperatures reached are until 500 °C and have a fundamental role for the correct performance of the process so the material data has to show a temperature dependency. Because of the tool rotation a strain rate sensitivity of the material has to be respected as well. In this context, the general material characteristics of AA6082 were first identified for different stress states. For the uniaxial state the standard PuD-Al used in the automotive industry was applied, for the shear state the ASTM B831-05 was used and for biaxial states the ISO 16842 was exploited. To characterize the plastic flow behavior of the AA6082 at elevated temperatures tensile tests were performed according to DIN EN ISO 6892-2 from 25 °C until 500 °C with a strain rate from 0.1 s-1up to 6.5 s-1.
Novel Punch Design for Nonlinear Strain Path Generation and Evaluation Methods
Authors: Liewald Mathias , Drotleff Klaus
Published: March 2015

The forming limit curve (FLC) is a common method to assess material formability in sheet metal forming processes. It is determined with the Nakajima or Marciniak test according to ISO 12004-2 [1]. The disadvantage of these test procedures is that the results are only valid for linear strain paths. In most real sheet metal forming processes, like deep-drawing of complex car body parts or multi-step processes, nonlinear strain paths exist. It is well-known that the classic FLC cannot describe material failure for nonlinear strain paths.At the Institute for Metal Forming Technology (IFU), new punch geometries have been developed to realise specific nonlinear strain paths in a standard Nakajima testing environment. The formability of sheet materials under nonlinear loading can be determined more accurately when using these new punch geometries than with the classic Nakajima test setup. Different strain paths can be realised depending on the specimen and the punch design, in order to evaluate the formability of the material according to strain conditions as they occur in real forming processes.Within this paper, the results of different punch geometries have been tested using the mild deep-drawing steel DC04. The strain conditions before crack initiation are compared to the standard FLC and to the newly developed IFU-FLC criterion, which can predict material failure under nonlinear strain paths.