bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of non-toroidal inertial modes withl=m+ 1 radial vorticity in the Sun’s convection zone
Authors: Bekki Yuto
Published: November 2023

Various types of inertial modes have been observed and identified on the Sun, including the equatorial Rossby modes, critical-latitude modes, and high-latitude modes. Recent observations have further reported the detection of equatorially antisymmetric radial vorticity modes that propagate in a retrograde direction about three times faster than those of the equatorial Rossby modes, when seen in the corotating frame with the Sun. Here, we study the properties of these equatorially antisymmetric vorticity modes using a realistic linear model of the Sun’s convection zone. We find that they are essentially non-toroidal, involving a substantial radial flow at the equator. Thus, the background density stratification plays a critical role in determining their dispersion relation. The solar differential rotation is also found to have a significant impact by introducing the viscous critical layers and confining the modes near the base of the convection zone. Furthermore, we find that their propagation frequencies are strikingly sensitive to the background superadiabaticity,δ, because the buoyancy force acts as an additional restoring force for these non-toroidal modes. The observed frequencies are compatible with the linear model only when the bulk of the convection zone is weakly subadiabatic (−5 × 10−7 ≲ δ ≲ −2.5 × 10−7). Our result is consistent with but tighter than the constraint independently derived in a previous study (δ < 2 × 10−7), employing the high-latitude inertial mode. It is implied that, below the strongly superadiabatic near-surface layer, the bulk of the Sun’s convection zone might be much closer to adiabatic than typically assumed or it may even be weakly subadiabatic.
Impact of regional haze pollution and local meteorological conditions on urban residential areas
Authors: Kang Chao , Chen Yu
Published: November 2023

With the accelerated process of economic construction and urbanization, motor vehicles and pollutants emitted from winter heating are constantly increasing, and regional haze pollution caused by these factors has affected people's living environment. This article took Nanning City, Guangxi Province, as the research area and analyzed the relationship between regional haze pollution and local meteorology by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, cluster analysis was carried out to find out the main impacts of these two factors on urban residential areas. The results showed that among the local meteorological factors, average precipitation was strongly correlated with the occurrence of haze pollution, while other meteorological factors showed a very strong correlation. According to the results of cluster analysis, the impact of regional haze pollution and local meteorology on urban residential areas was mainly divided into three categories: reduced visibility, reduced human health, and reduced living comfort. The largest impact was on reduced visibility, and 79.11% of the total population felt that the visibility was affected.
Induction of Labour with a Double Balloon Catheter – Comparison of Effectiveness of Six Versus Twelve Hours Insertion Time: a Prospective Case Control Study
Authors: Strößner Lena , Heimann Yvonne , Schleußner Ekkehard , Kolterer Anna
Published: November 2023

Induction of labour is a common obstetric procedure to initiate or augment contractions when labour is delayed or uncertain. The double balloon catheter is a safe and effective mechanical
method for cervical ripening during induction of labour. This study evaluates the effectiveness of reducing double balloon catheter insertion time from 12 to 6 hours.

248 women undergoing induction with a double balloon catheter at term were divided into two groups: catheter placed for 12 hours at 8 pm in the first half of 2021 (P12) and catheter placed
for 6 hours at 7 am in the second half of 2021 (P6). T-tests, chi-squared tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. Primary and secondary endpoints included
induction to delivery interval, prostaglandin to delivery interval, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The P6 group had a significantly reduced induction to delivery interval of 558 min (P6: 1348 min, P12: 1906 min, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 376–710) within demographically comparable groups.
Multiparous women also showed a significant reduction in prostaglandin to delivery interval of 260 min (P6: 590 min, P12: 850 min, p = 0.038, 95% CI: 9–299). There were no significant
differences in mode of delivery, maternal blood loss, or neonatal outcome.

Reducing double balloon catheter placement time from 12 to 6 hours resulted in almost 9 hours less induction to delivery interval without adverse effects on maternal and neonatal
outcome.
Dashboarding to Monitor Machine-Learning-Based Clinical Decision Support Interventions
Authors: Hekman Daniel J. , Barton Hanna J. , Maru Apoorva P. , Wills Graham , Cochran Amy L. , Fritsch Corey , Wiegmann Douglas A. , Liao Frank , Patterson Brian W.
Published: November 2023

Background Existing monitoring of machine-learning-based clinical decision support (ML-CDS) is focused predominantly on the ML outputs and accuracy thereof. Improving patient care requires not only accurate algorithms but also systems of care that enable the output of these algorithms to drive specific actions by care teams, necessitating expanding their monitoring.

Objectives In this case report, we describe the creation of a dashboard that allows the intervention development team and operational stakeholders to govern and identify potential issues that may require corrective action by bridging the monitoring gap between model outputs and patient outcomes.

Methods We used an iterative development process to build a dashboard to monitor the performance of our intervention in the broader context of the care system.

Results Our investigation of best practices elsewhere, iterative design, and expert consultation led us to anchor our dashboard on alluvial charts and control charts. Both the development process and the dashboard itself illuminated areas to improve the broader intervention.

Conclusion We propose that monitoring ML-CDS algorithms with regular dashboards that allow both a context-level view of the system and a drilled down view of specific components is a critical part of implementing these algorithms to ensure that these tools function appropriately within the broader care system.
Catalytically Competent Fluorinated Barnase Variants
Authors: Koksch Beate , Langhans Alexander , Krummhaar Michael , Roth Christian
Published: November 2023

Proteins play critical roles in all living organisms, and their properties and functions result directly from their primary sequences. Fluorine, though seldom found in natural organic compounds, has been shown to impart desirable properties to small molecules and proteins alike. However, studies on the impact of this element in enzyme activity and protein–protein interaction are largely absent from the literature. Here we present a microwave-assisted SPPS method for the total synthesis of site-specifically fluorinated barnase variants, as well as characterization of their folding and activity. CD spectroscopy and fluorescence-based activity assays show that the fluorinated amino acids are generally not perturbative of the protein structure and that enzyme activity, albeit reduced, is retained in all variants.
Clinical spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in Brazil: a single-center experience
Authors: Messias Katharina , Moreto Renata , Cruz Camila Aquino , Ronchi Nathalia Rossoni , Santos Antonio Carlos dos , Messias André , Marques Vanessa Daccach
Published: November 2023

Background Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an immune-mediated neurological disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation that is often difficult to distinguish from other demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Objective To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of MOGAD in a Brazilian tertiary center.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of adult and pediatric patients who tested positive for anti-MOG antibodies and presented with clinical and radiological diseases compatible with MOGAD.

Results Forty-one patients (10 children) were included: 56% female, 58% Caucasian, mean age at onset 31 years (range 6-64), with a mean disease duration of 59.6 months (range 1-264 months). The most frequent onset presentation was optic neuritis (68%), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM, 12%), and myelitis (10%). A monophasic disease course was observed in 49%. EDSS median was 2.1 at the last visit. Most patients (83%) were under continuous immunosuppressive treatment. Azathioprine was the first-line treatment in 59%. In all ADEM cases, conus, and root involvement was radiologically observed on MRI.

Conclusion Brazilian MOGAD patients presented with a similar spectrum of previously reported MOGAD phenotypes. Conus and spinal root involvement seems to be frequently present in MOGAD-ADEM and could serve as radiologic characteristics of this clinical entity.
Family support in adults with epilepsy
Authors: Tedrus Gloria M. A. S. , Leandro-Merhi Vania Aparecida , Etchegaray Augusto , Randi Yara Maria
Published: November 2023

Background The perception of family support in chronic disease can be relevant.

Objective To assess the perception of family support in adult patients with epilepsy (PWEs) and relate it to quality of life (QoL) and clinical aspects.

Methods Data from the Perceived Family Support Inventory (IPFS) of 130 PWEs were related to the clinical variables, QOLIE-31 scores, and the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) with statistical tests, with p < 0.05.

Results The mean age was 49.9 ± 17.2 years, and the duration of epilepsy was 20.8 ± 15.4 years. The presence of depression (scores ≥ 15) was associated with lower family support. Being married and non-occurrence of depression were the variables associated with a higher IPFS score (R = 0.2112), in the multiple linear regression.

Conclusion The perception of greater family support was associated with demographic aspects, the absence of depression, and better QoL. Family relationships may play an essential role in health adjustment behaviors and QoL in epilepsy.
Quality of life in Down syndrome in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bermudez Beatriz Elizabeth Bagatin Veleda , Franklin Gustavo Leite , Oliveira Camila Maciel de , Coutinho Léo , Crippa Ana Chrystina de Souza
Published: November 2023

Background Down syndrome is the most commonly genetic cause of developmental delay and intellectual disability, affecting 1:700 live births. It is associated with heart disease and recurrent infections, among other complications that greatly impair the patient's quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the major factors associated with quality of life in a cohort of patients with Down syndrome.

Methods We assessed 1,187 patients with Down syndrome, older than 4 years old, with an adaptation of the Personal Outcomes Scale validated for Portuguese language, interviewing patients, parents, and caregivers.

Results A bad quality of life was reported in 56.4% of the sample. The main factors associated with better quality of life were female sex, first medical visit before 4 months old, higher parental education, a professionally active mother, and prenatal care. The main factors associated with worse quality of life were family history of alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders and comorbidity with autism and epilepsy.

Conclusion Clinical comorbidities such as autism and epilepsy carry a heavy burden among patients with Down syndrome, while factors related to family support, such as employment status and educational background of the parents, enhance quality of life. The factors associated with quality of life among patients with Down syndrome should be adequately evaluated in medical consultation and targeted in public health policies.
Acousto-optic stimuli to promote coherent 40-Hz frequency entrainment effect
Authors: Han Xue , Wang Lei , Yang Shuo
Published: November 2023

Background Research has shown that a fundamental frequency of 40 Hz in continuous neural oscillation is indicative of normal brain activity; in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, these oscillations either disappear or are significantly interrupted. Research has also indicated that the degenerative impacts of AD in mice were mitigated by the synchronization of 40-Hz acousto-optic stimulation (AOS).

Objective To examine the impact of employing a 40-Hz AOS intervention on the induction of a substantial 40-Hz frequency entrainment and improvement in working memory performance among a sample of young individuals in good health. We conduct an analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) data following the presentation of AOS.

Methods We recruited 20 healthy volunteers (median age: 25 years; 8 female subjects). Following the administration of various stimuli, including no stimuli, 40-Hz AOS, pink noise, and 40Hz acoustic stimuli (AS), the participants were required to complete a working memory task. A total of 62 electrodes were used to record EEG data, which was subsequently analyzed to investigate the impact of AOS on the activity of working memory. We also aimed to determine if AOS lead to a more pronounced 40-Hz frequency entrainment.

Results Following the administration of AOS, a notable enhancement in the 40-Hz power of pertinent cerebral areas was observed, accompanied by a substantial improvement in the performance of the subjects on working memory tests subsequent to the stimulation.

Conclusion The findings unequivocally establish the efficacy of using AOS to enhance the 40-Hz power and working memory.
Volar Plate-Suture Fixation in the Treatment of Volar Rim Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: Carney John , Bigach Stephen , Goedderz Cody , Gerlach Erik , Marx Jeremy , Kalainov David
Published: November 2023

Background The purpose of this study was to describe the volar plate-suture fixation technique for augmented repair of volar rim fractures of the distal radius and to report clinical outcomes and radiographic findings.

Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients treated with volar plate-suture fixation were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes of interest included pain, joint motion, grip strength, surgical complications, additional surgeries, and radiographic parameters.

Results Final follow-up office visits from surgery averaged 30.8 weeks (range 6–175 weeks). There was no report of residual wrist pain in most cases. Forearm and wrist motion measurements were within functional ranges and grip strength measurements averaged 63 ± 21% of the contralateral hand. There were no cases of infection, wound dehiscence, nerve injury, or nonunion. Hardware removal was performed in four patients for wrist pain attributed to the fixation implant(s). One patient underwent a wrist fusion for treatment of painful traumatic wrist arthritis. Failure of the fracture fixation construct to hold the carpus occurred in two patients. Changes in radiocarpal and intercarpal angles averaged less than 4 degrees and loss of articular reduction averaged less than 1 mm, although with relatively high standard deviations.

Conclusion Suture fixation of volar rim fractures of the distal radius may be a useful technique in augmenting volar plate fracture fixation. Some loss of early postoperative fracture alignment should be expected.

Level of Evidence IV, case series.
High repetition rate relativistic laser–solid–plasma interaction platform featuring simultaneous particle and radiation detection
Authors: Kaur Jaismeen , Ouillé Marie , Levy Dan , Daniault Louis , Robbes Axel , Zaïm Neil , Flacco Alessandro , Kroupp Eyal , Malka Victor , Haessler Stefan , Lopez-Martens Rodrigo
Published: November 2023

We report on a uniquely designed high repetition rate relativistic laser–solid–plasma interaction platform, featuring the first simultaneous measurement of emitted high-order harmonics, relativistic electrons, and low divergence proton beams. This versatile setup enables detailed parametric studies of the particle and radiation spatio-spectral beam properties under a wide range of controlled interaction conditions, such as pulse duration and plasma density gradient. Its array of complementary diagnostics unlocks the potential to unravel interdependencies among the observables and should aid in further understanding the complex collective dynamics at play during laser–plasma interactions and in optimizing the secondary beam properties for applications.
Electrodeless method for ultra-low mobility with carrier-resolution of nanochannel
Authors: Kim Yongjin , Nguyen Thao Phuong , Yang Mihyun , Yoon Hyojin , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Lee Jungsub , Lee Hoyeol , Oh Suar , Ree Moonhor , Son Junwoo , Shim Ji Hoon , Kim Jeehoon , Lim Seong Chu , Ihm Kyuwook
Published: November 2023

As the channel lengths of electronic devices are scaled down to the nanometer range, the conventional methods to evaluate charge-carrier mobility approach a technical limit that is imposed by interfering effects of the electrode and forcing field. In this study, we demonstrate that electron spectroscopy provides additional (yet hidden) information on unipolar charge transport, which is free from conventional problems. We demonstrate that the estimated effective diffusion current through the target sample allows the measurement that is precise enough (10−4 cm2/V s) to obtain the mobility of electrons μelectron and holes μhole in nanolength organic channels. Using this method, we show how μelectron and μhole are correlated with the local structural order of poly(3-hexylthiophene) at the nanoscale. This method enables in situ charge-resolved observations of μelectron and μhole by eliminating the need for electrode and forcing field and will help to expand our understanding of charge conduction in nanoscale materials.
Micro-DC rotary-motor working smoothly with neither contact brush nor fixed-axis
Authors: Ishida Shusuke , Takatori Satoshi , Hirano Ken , Yamamoto Daigo , Oe Yohei , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: November 2023

Successful construction of a simple sub-millimeter micromotor is reported, which operates under stationary direct current (DC) voltage, with neither a fixed rotational axis nor contacting brush. The screw-shaped chiral rotor undergoes a spinning motion when stationary DC voltage is applied using a pair of cone-shaped electrodes with a staggered arrangement. Analysis of the fluid motion revealed the occurrence of inward-swirling flow in between the electrode tips, which generates a stable spinning motion under the DC voltage. This simple DC micromotor could be beneficial for the advancement of microfluidics, microrobots, etc.
Numerical simulation of abrasive cutoff operation based on ALE adaptive meshing technique
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Jinxing
Published: November 2023

Metal cutting is one of the most important and commonly used manufacturing processes in industry and has been studied for years; however, accurate simulation of cutoff operation is still a big challenge because of the complexity of the material removal process. The main challenge for the classical simulation method is computational difficulties during the material removal process, and furthermore, the material deletion criterion has to be somehow empirical. To conquer these problems, a more robust and efficient simulation technique for the cutoff process is proposed herein, in which the material removal is achieved through continuously adjusting mesh nodes on contact surfaces based on ALE adaptive meshing technique, instead of deleting elements. Finally, this new simulation technique is used to predict the heat partition and temperature field evolution during the cutoff operation of the steel plate. It is found that the obtained simulation results agree well with those by the analytical approach, demonstrating its effectiveness.
Polarising metaphors in the Venezuelan Presidential Crisis
Authors: Peterssen Silvia , Soares da Silva Augusto
Published: November 2023

The 23rd of January 2019 marked the beginning of the Venezuelan Presidential Crisis, a unique socio-political
conflict that confronted Nicolás Maduro, president of Venezuela, to the self-proclaimed leader Juan Guaidó. This paper explores
the divisive power of conceptual metaphors in this context through the analysis of polarising metaphors, namely, metaphors that
conceptualise ‘Us’ positively and/or ‘Them’ negatively. More specifically, from a corpus-based critical socio-cognitive
perspective (Musolff 2016; Soares da Silva
2020; Charteris-Black 2011), this study looks at the main polarising
metaphors of Maduro and Guaidó’s political discourses and examines their role in the discursive construction of ideological
polarisation, social identities, and legitimacy using a target-based approach (Stefanowitsch
and Gries 2006). The results show that both leaders strategically use polarising metaphors, especially those of
CONFRONTATION, HUMAN BEING and JOURNEY, to reproduce their ideologies, reinforce their social
identities, and legitimise their political positions.
Scaling up robust immunopeptidomics technologies for a global T cell surveillance digital network
Authors: Kapoor Saketh , Maréchal Loïze , Sirois Isabelle , Caron Étienne
Published: November 2023

The human immunopeptidome plays a central role in disease susceptibility and resistance. In our opinion, the development of immunopeptidomics and other peptide sequencing technologies should be prioritized during the next decade, particularly within the framework of the Human Immunopeptidome Project initiative. In this context, we present bold ideas, fresh arguments, and call upon industrial partners and funding organizations to support and champion this important initiative that we believe has the potential to save countless lives in the future.
Effect of the focusing system on measurements in gravitational wave detection telescope
Authors: Fan Wentong , Fang Sijun , Hai Hongwen , Song Jie , Zhao Kai , Zhang Rui , Li Bohong , Luo Jian , Fan Lei , Li Zizheng , Zhao Hongchao , Yan Yong
Published: November 2023

Telescopes primarily transmit and receive laser beams over long distances as part of a gravitational wave interferometric measurement system. Due to factors such as optical design, fabrication, and alignment, the wavefront at the exit pupil of the telescope inevitably experiences distortion, resulting in wavefront aberrations that couple with pointing jitter to generate tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise. During the process of gravitational wave detection, the large distance between the primary and secondary mirrors and temperature fluctuations in space can cause significant axial misalignment between them. This results in a substantial displacement of the primary-secondary mirror system’s primary focus along the axial direction, further degrading the wavefront at the exit pupil of the telescope. The TTL coupling noise caused in this scenario will affect the detection of gravitational waves, thus requiring the adjustment of the position of the three-four mirror system through the focusing system to minimize TTL coupling noise. In this paper, the model for TTL coupling noise was established using the first 36 orders of Zernike polynomials. The misalignment model of the primary-secondary mirror system was derived using geometric optics theory. The study investigates the influence of the telescope focusing system before and after focusing on the wavefront aberrations and TTL coupling noise at the exit pupil of the telescope. The analysis indicates that with a misalignment of 7.56 μm in the axial distance between the primary and secondary mirrors, the addition of a focusing system reduces the wavefront error at the exit pupil of the telescope from 0.0328 λ to 0.0046 λ. Furthermore, the maximum coupling noise between wavefront distortion and pointing jitter is reduced from 4 pm Hz−1/2 to 0.4 pm Hz−1/2. This provides valuable insights for the design of gravitational wave detection telescopes and the study of focusing systems.
Photocatalytic water splitting properties of GeC/InS van der Waals heterostructure: first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Liang Kanghao , Wei Xing , Zhang Yan , Chen Huaxin , Yang Yun , Liu Jian , Tian Ye , Duan Li
Published: November 2023

Based on first-principles, we conducted an in-depth study of the GeC/InS van der Waals heterostructure formed by GeC and InS and discussed its structure, electronic properties and optical properties. First, we observe that this heterostructure has negative binding energy, indicating that the interlayer interactions are mainly affected by van der Waals forces. Through band structure and density of state analysis, we confirmed its type-II band alignment characteristics, which means that photogenerated carriers have the ability to automatically separate in space. Moreover, the average charge density difference and Bader charge analysis show that there is a built-in electric field in the heterostructure, and further proves that GeC/InS forms a Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. Interestingly, the band edge position spans the water redox potential and can fully induce the redox reaction of water splitting, indicating that it is a potential photocatalyst. The high light absorption coefficient shown in the absorption spectrum also further confirms its excellent photocatalytic activity. The most striking thing is that the solar hydrogen production efficiency of GeC/InS heterostructure is as high as 44.39%. Our research demonstrates the theoretical basis for GeC/InS heterostructure as a photocatalyst.
Automated surface profile measurement with digital holographic microscopy and large mask inpainting networks
Authors: Ma Shujun , Wang Minting , Gao Lin , Yin Junzuo , Yang Meng , Ren Lei
Published: November 2023

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) allows for highly precise 3D surface measurements in a non-invasive way, but phase aberrations from off-axis DHM recordings can compromise image accuracy. Traditional compensation methods require manual intervention, hindering further automated use of DHM. Other methods based on background segmentation and Zernike polynomials have been proposed, but identifying the sample and background regions can lead to inaccurate compensation results. Additionally, traditional image restoration algorithms struggle with restoring sample-free holograms involving large or multiple vacant areas. A new automated aberration compensation method is proposed using large-mask inpainting networks. This method restores sample-free holograms and compensates for phase aberrations, leveraging deep learning to enable real-time measurements. In the study, the network was trained with holograms of varying fringes, and experimental results show its effectiveness in improving image accuracy and detail. This approach could have wide applications in industries such as micro-electromechanical systems and micro- integrated circuits.
Green fabrication of high-performance silver nanoparticles/reduced Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanocomposite catalyst for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhao Wenkui , Jiang Peicheng , Yao Jie , Le Bin , Lei Song , Peng Chang , Chen Shu
Published: November 2023

The outstanding electrical conductivity of transition metal carbides Ti3C2T
x
(MXene) makes it as an excellent electron transfer medium for fabrication of efficient catalysts. However, the poor stability of MXene may restrict its application. Herein, a novel silver nanoparticles/reduced MXene nanocomposite (AgNPs/rMXene) catalyst was prepared by using L-arginine (L-Arg) as a green reducing agent. In the AgNPs/rMXene catalyst, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and reduced MXene (rMXene) acted as catalytic active species and electron transfer medium, respectively. The composite catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity in the conversion of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP), and the conversion frequency (TOF) was high up to 1109.4 h−1. Notably, the composite catalyst also showed high stability due to the reduction of L-Arg (i.e. the repair of defect groups on MXene surface). The conversion efficiency for 4-NP reduction by AgNPs/rMXene was high up to 90% after five recycles. This present study offers a simple and green approach for the design and development of efficient MXene-based catalysts.
Development of a system for detecting cardiac troponin I by background fluorescence quenching based on internal filtration effect
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Wei , Song Bailing , Zhang Ziyi , Li Jiutong , Li Xinxia , Yao Jun
Published: November 2023

The present study sought to develop a cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection system based on background fluorescence quenching of internal filtration effect (IFE) and study the influence of IFE on the sensitivity of cTnI detection. Three nanogold materials were synthesized as fluorescence quenchers, and rhodamine 6 G (R6G) and Cy5 were used as fluorescence probes. Six experimental systems were established to detect cTnI in negative serum test solutions and clinical serum samples. The sensitivity of each system was compared to explore the contribution of IFE to the detection sensitivity of cTnI. When applied to negative serum test solutions, the R6G-nanogold material I system exhibited a superior detection effect for cTnI, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 ng ml−1. When applied to clinical serum samples, the Cy5-nanogold material Ⅲ system yielded a better detection effect for cTnI, with the lowest concentration of cTnI detected at 2 ng ml−1. The first and second internal filtering effects in the proposed system can be achieved simultaneously, effectively avoiding light absorption interference from clinical serum samples and enhancing the sensitivity of the background fluorescence quenching detection of cTnI.
Sparse annotation learning for dense volumetric MR image segmentation with uncertainty estimation
Authors: Osman Yousuf Babiker M , Li Cheng , Huang Weijian , Wang Shanshan
Published: November 2023

Objective. Training neural networks for pixel-wise or voxel-wise image segmentation is a challenging task that requires a considerable amount of training samples with highly accurate and densely delineated ground truth maps. This challenge becomes especially prominent in the medical imaging domain, where obtaining reliable annotations for training samples is a difficult, time-consuming, and expert-dependent process. Therefore, developing models that can perform well under the conditions of limited annotated training data is desirable. Approach. In this study, we propose an innovative framework called the extremely sparse annotation neural network (ESA-Net) that learns with only the single central slice label for 3D volumetric segmentation which explores both intra-slice pixel dependencies and inter-slice image correlations with uncertainty estimation. Specifically, ESA-Net consists of four specially designed distinct components: (1) an intra-slice pixel dependency-guided pseudo-label generation module that exploits uncertainty in network predictions while generating pseudo-labels for unlabeled slices with temporal ensembling; (2) an inter-slice image correlation-constrained pseudo-label propagation module which propagates labels from the labeled central slice to unlabeled slices by self-supervised registration with rotation ensembling; (3) a pseudo-label fusion module that fuses the two sets of generated pseudo-labels with voxel-wise uncertainty guidance; and (4) a final segmentation network optimization module to make final predictions with scoring-based label quantification. Main results. Extensive experimental validations have been performed on two popular yet challenging magnetic resonance image segmentation tasks and compared to five state-of-the-art methods. Significance. Results demonstrate that our proposed ESA-Net can consistently achieve better segmentation performances even under the extremely sparse annotation setting, highlighting its effectiveness in exploiting information from unlabeled data.
A study on solitary wave solutions for the Zoomeron equation supported by two-dimensional dynamics
Authors: Duran Serbay , Yokus Asıf , Kilinc Gulsen
Published: November 2023

This study emphasizes the importance of understanding natural phenomena through various observations and relating them to scientific studies. Nonlinear partial differential equations serve as fundamental tools for modeling these phenomena, with a focus on nonlinear evolution equations when involving time. This paper investigates the dynamics of the Zoomeron equation, highlighting not only a result derived from the KdV and Schrödinger equations but also its contribution to the modeling of Boomeron and Trappon solitons. Different analytical techniques yield various solutions for the Zoomeron equation, each offering unique insights. The behavior of the solutions generated in kink and singular soliton forms in various dynamics using the

G
′

/
G

2

-expansion method is investigated and compared under restrictive conditions, and the distribution of energy density is explained with the assistance of the gradient function. It is aimed at gaining a physically unique perspective by revealing the connections between the velocities of solitons produced for this equation and the effects of gradient flow directions. In addition, stability analysis for some of the solutions generated in the kink form is investigated. The structure of the paper includes method introduction, application, stability property, results and discussion, resulting in a unique perspective on understanding the physical dynamics of the Zoomeron model.
Uhlmann phases in the Kitaev chain with NNN hopping interaction
Authors: Liu Sheng , Hou Qi-Zhe
Published: November 2023

We study the extended Kitaev chain with both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor hopping terms and find the model system exhibiting nontrivial phases, which can be characterized by a nonzero Berry phase and winding number when the system is in a pure state. While in a mixed state, we investigate the robustness of the topological Uhlmann phases and show how it responses to the presence of next-nearest-neighbor hopping terms. Furthermore, we analyse the complicated behavior of the Uhlmann phase of the extended Kitaev chain at finite temperature as k moves along the Brillouin zone, and we think this may serve as a topological indicator for mixed states in condensed matter systems.
Exploring axions through the photon ring of a spherically symmetric black hole
Authors: Roy Sourov , Sarkar Pratick , Sau Subhadip , SenGupta Soumitra
Published: November 2023

In this study, we examine the phenomenon of photon axion conversion occurring in the
spacetime surrounding a black hole. Specifically, we focus on the potential existence of a
magnetic field around the supermassive black hole M87*, which could facilitate the conversion of
photons into axions in close proximity to the photon sphere. While photons traverse through the
curved spacetime, they spend time near the photon sphere, where conversion of these photons into
axions takes place. Consequently, this process leads to a decrease in the intensity of the black
hole's photon ring. To explore the possibilities of detecting these hypothetical axion particles,
we propose observing the photon sphere using higher resolution telescopes. By doing so, we can
gain valuable insights into the conversion mechanism as well as the nature of the spherically
symmetric black hole geometry. Moreover, we also investigate how the photon ring luminosities are
affected if the black hole possesses a charge parameter. For instance apart from U(1) electric
charge, the presence of extra dimension may induce a tidal charge with a characteristic
signature. It is important to note that the success of the conversion mechanism relies on the
axion-photon coupling and mass. As a result, the modified luminosity of the black hole's photon
ring offers a valuable means of constraining the axion's mass and coupling parameter within a
certain range. Thus our findings contribute to a better understanding of photon axion conversion
in the environment of a black hole spacetime and helps us explore the possible existence of extra
spatial dimension.
Dymnikova GUP-corrected black holes
Authors: Alencar G. , Estrada Milko , Muniz C.R. , Olmo Gonzalo J.
Published: November 2023

We consider the impact of Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) effects on the Dymnikova regular black hole. The minimum length scale introduced by the GUP modifies the energy density associated with the gravitational source, referred to as the Dymnikova vacuum, based on its analogy with the gravitational counterpart of the Schwinger effect. We present an approximated analytical solution (together with exact numerical results for comparison) that encompasses a wide range of black hole sizes,
whose properties crucially depend on the ratio between the de Sitter core radius and the GUP scale. The emergence of a wormhole inside the de Sitter core in the innermost region of the object is one of the most relevant features of this family of solutions. Our findings demonstrate that these solutions remain singularity free, confirming the robustness of the Dymnikova regular black hole under GUP corrections. Regarding energy conditions, we find that the violation of the strong, weak, and null energy conditions which is characteristic of the pure Dymnikova case does not occur at Planckian scales in the GUP corrected solution. This contrast suggests a departure from conventional expectations and highlights the influence of quantum corrections and the GUP in modifying the energy conditions near the Planck scale.
Particles creation from JNW quantum perturbed black holes
by minimally coupled Klein Gordon scalar free fields
Authors: Ghaffarnejad Hossein , Faghani Hamid Reza
Published: November 2023

In this work, we choose a minimal coupling interaction between massive Klein Gordon (KG)
quantum scalar free fields and Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) spherically symmetric static black
hole, to produce its Hawking temperature and luminosity. This is done by calculating asymptotic
wave solutions at near and far from the black hole horizon. They are orthogonal mode solutions of
local Hilbert spaces. By using these mode solutions, we calculated Bogolubov coefficients and
then, we investigated number density matrix of created particles. Mathematical calculations show
that this is not exactly similar to the Planck`s black body radiation energy density distribution
but, it is “gray” body radiation distribution depended to the emitted Hawking particles
frequency. Their difference is a non-vanishing absorptivity factor of backscattered particles
after to form horizon of a collapsing body. Our motivation is determination of position of Hawking
created pairs in which, two different proposals are proposed, so called as “fairwall” and “quantum
atmosphere”.
The influence of a self-focused laser beam on the stimulated Raman scattering process in collisional plasma
Authors: Walia Keshav , Singh Taranjot
Published: November 2023

The influence of a self-focused beam on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) process in collisional plasma is explored. Here, collisional nonlinearity arises as a result of non-uniform heating, thereby causing carrier redistribution. The plasma density profile gets modified in a perpendicular direction to the main beam axis. This modified plasma density profile greatly affects the pump wave, electron plasma wave (EPW) and back-scattered wave. The well-known paraxial theory and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation are used to derive second-order ordinary differential equations for the beam waists of the pump wave, EPW and the scattered wave. Further to this, the well-known fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to carry out numerical simulations of these equations. SRS back-reflectivity is found to increase due to the focusing of several waves involved in the process.
The Radcliffe Wave Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters
Authors: Bobylev V. V. , Bajkova A. T.
Published: November 2023

A spectral analysis of the vertical positions and velocities of 374 open star clusters (OSCs) was carried out. We took these OSCs from the Hunt and Reffert catalog; they have an average age of about 10 million years, and are located on the galactic plane XY in a narrow zone inclined by 25° to the galactic axis Y. The following estimates of the parameters of the Radcliffe wave were obtained: (a) the maximum value in periodic perturbations of vertical coordinates

Z

max

=
92
±
10

pc with the wavelength of these perturbations λ

z
= 4.82 ± 0.09 kpc; (b) the maximum value of the velocity of vertical disturbances

W

max

=
4.36
±
0.12

km s−1 with disturbance wavelength λ

W
= 1.78 ± 0.02 kpc. Note that the results of the vertical velocity analysis are first-class in accuracy and completely new.
Analysis of dual laser Thomson scattering signals on W7-X
Authors: D'Isa F.A. , Pasch E. , Beurskens M.N.A. , Brunner K.J. , Fuchert G. , Pasqualotto R. , Giudicotti L. , W7-X team the
Published: November 2023

A dual laser Thomson scattering has been developed at W7-X: a unique system employing, in combination with a 1064 nm laser, a 1319 nm Nd:YAG laser. Dual-laser Thomson scattering (DLTS) is an advanced diagnostic technique in which two laser pulses of different wavelengths are sent to the plasma with a very short time delay and the two scattered signals are separately and independently measured with the same set of polychromators. For the first time during OP2.1, a dual laser Thomson scattering system was operated stably during the entire experimental campaign. In this work, the dual-wavelength signals recorded in several W7-X discharges are analyzed with different methods and the resulting electron temperature profiles and the experimental errors are discussed, with the aim of identifying the capabilities of this technique.
Digital holographic interferometry method for tracking detector modules displacement
Authors: Arena A. , Cantatore G. , Karuza M. ,   the MUonE collaboration
Published: November 2023

In high energy particle physics scattering experiments, the precision of the reconstructed particle tracks can be fundamental. For this reason, a method for detecting the displacement of tracking detector modules is developed. The modules are silicon planes mounted on a frame and used in the MUonE project, which aims at a precision measurement of the scattering angle of elastic muon-electron scattering. From the scattering angle, the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is extracted. To achieve the desired accuracy, the position of the tracking detector planes must be monitored. The allowable relative displacements must be less than 10 μ m. To meet the specifications and to monitor as large an area of the detector as possible, a digital holographic interferometer was developed. It is based on a novel lens-less design in off-axis holographic geometry. Light from a fiber-coupled laser source is split by a fiber beam splitter, with one output used to illuminate the detector plane and the other for the reference beam. The two beams produce an interference pattern on a CMOS image sensor. To obtain relative displacement information, successive images are superimposed on an initial reference image and reconstructed by solving the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral taking into account the spherical wavefronts of the beams. The interference fringes that appear in the reconstructed holographic image provide a measure of the relative displacement of the detector plane compared to the initial position. The performance of the reconstruction method used was verified with the proposed setup at a real tracking station.
Parameter-free basis allocation for efficient multiple metric learning
Authors: Kim Dongyeon , Kan Yejin , Lee Seungmin , Yi Gangman
Published: November 2023

Metric learning involves learning a metric function for distance measurement, which plays an important role in improving the performance of classification or similarity-based algorithms. Multiple metric learning is essential for efficiently reflecting the local properties between instances, as single metric learning has limitations in reflecting the nonlinear structure of complex datasets. Previous research has proposed a method for learning a smooth metric matrix function through data manifold to address the challenge of independently learning multiple metrics. However, this method uses the basic distance-based clustering algorithm to set the anchor points, which are the basis for local metric learning, and the number of basis metrics is dependent on the user. We propose a new method that can assign sophisticated anchor points by iteratively partitioning to identify mixed clusters of multi-class instances and cluster the most similar class instances together. In an experiment, we demonstrate the reliability of the automatically set parameter by comparison with the distribution of error rates according to the number of basis metrics of the existing algorithm. Furthermore, we show the superior performance of the proposed method over a fixed parameter setting of existing algorithms and confirm the relative classification accuracy superiority through performance comparison with baseline algorithms.
VirusHound-I: prediction of viral proteins involved in the evasion of host adaptive immune response using the random forest algorithm and generative adversarial network for data augmentation
Authors: Beltrán Jorge F , Belén Lisandra Herrera , Farias Jorge G , Zamorano Mauricio , Lefin Nicolás , Miranda Javiera , Parraguez-Contreras Fernanda
Published: November 2023

Throughout evolution, pathogenic viruses have developed different strategies to evade the response of the adaptive immune system. To carry out successful replication, some pathogenic viruses encode different proteins that manipulate the molecular mechanisms of host cells. Currently, there are different bioinformatics tools for virus research; however, none of them focus on predicting viral proteins that evade the adaptive system. In this work, we have developed a novel tool based on machine and deep learning for predicting this type of viral protein named VirusHound-I. This tool is based on a model developed with the multilayer perceptron algorithm using the dipeptide composition molecular descriptor. In this study, we have also demonstrated the robustness of our strategy for data augmentation of the positive dataset based on generative antagonistic networks. During the 10-fold cross-validation step in the training dataset, the predictive model showed 0.947 accuracy, 0.994 precision, 0.943 F1 score, 0.995 specificity, 0.896 sensitivity, 0.894 kappa, 0.898 Matthew’s correlation coefficient and 0.989 AUC. On the other hand, during the testing step, the model showed 0.964 accuracy, 1.0 precision, 0.967 F1 score, 1.0 specificity, 0.936 sensitivity, 0.929 kappa, 0.931 Matthew’s correlation coefficient and 1.0 AUC. Taking this model into account, we have developed a tool called VirusHound-I that makes it possible to predict viral proteins that evade the host’s adaptive immune system. We believe that VirusHound-I can be very useful in accelerating studies on the molecular mechanisms of evasion of pathogenic viruses, as well as in the discovery of therapeutic targets.