bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of crystallographic atomic displacement parameters on temperature (25–150 K) for complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase
Authors: Plapp Bryce V. , Gakhar Lokesh , Subramanian Ramaswamy
Published: September 2022

Enzymes catalyze reactions by binding and orienting substrates with dynamic interactions. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes hydrogen transfer with quantum-mechanical tunneling that involves fast motions in the active site. The structures and B factors of ternary complexes of the enzyme with NAD+ and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol or NAD+ and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol were determined to 1.1–1.3 Å resolution below the `glassy transition' in order to extract information about the temperature-dependent harmonic motions, which are reflected in the crystallographic B factors. The refinement statistics and structures are essentially the same for each structure at all temperatures. The B factors were corrected for a small amount of radiation decay. The overall B factors for the complexes are similar (13–16 Å2) over the range 25–100 K, but increase somewhat at 150 K. Applying TLS refinement to remove the contribution of pseudo-rigid-body displacements of coenzyme binding and catalytic domains provided residual B factors of 7–10 Å2 for the overall complexes and of 5–10 Å2 for C4N of NAD+ and the methylene carbon of the alcohols. These residual B factors have a very small dependence on temperature and include local harmonic motions and apparently contributions from other sources. Structures at 100 K show complexes that are poised for hydrogen transfer, which involves atomic displacements of ∼0.3 Å and is compatible with the motions estimated from the residual B factors and molecular-dynamics simulations. At 298 K local conformational changes are also involved in catalysis, as enzymes with substitutions of amino acids in the substrate-binding site have similar positions of NAD+ and pentafluorobenzyl alcohol and similar residual B factors, but differ by tenfold in the rate constants for hydride transfer.
Structural basis for the transformation of the traditional medicine berberine by bacterial nitroreductase
Authors: Wen Hai-Ying , Pan Li-Bin , Ma Shu-Rong , Yang Xin-Yu , Hu Jia-Chun , Zhao Hai-Fan , Gao Zeng-Qiang , Dong Yu-Hui , Wang Yan , Zhang Heng
Published: September 2022

The bacterial nitroreductases (NRs) NfsB and NfsA are conserved homodimeric FMN-dependent flavoproteins that are responsible for the reduction of nitroaromatic substrates. Berberine (BBR) is a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid with a large conjugated ring system that is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. It was recently found that the gut microbiota convert BBR into dihydroberberine (dhBBR, the absorbable form) mediated by bacterial NRs. The molecular basis for the transformation of BBR by the gut microbiota remains unclear. Here, kinetic studies showed that NfsB from Escherichia coli (EcNfsB), rather than EcNfsA, is responsible for the conversion of BBR to dhBBR in spite of a low reaction rate. The crystal structure of the EcNfsB–BBR complex showed that BBR binds into the active pocket at the dimer interface, and its large conjugated plane stacks above the plane of the FMN cofactor in a nearly parallel orientation. BBR is mainly stabilized by π-stacking interactions with both neighboring aromatic residues and FMN. Structure-based mutagenesis studies further revealed that the highly conserved Phe70 and Phe199 are important residues for the conversion of BBR. The structure revealed that the C6 atom of BBR (which receives the hydride) is ∼7.5 Å from the N5 atom of FMN (which donates the hydride), which is too distant for hydride transfer. Notably, several well ordered water molecules make hydrogen-bond/van der Waals contacts with the N1 atom of BBR in the active site, which probably donate protons in conjunction with electron transfer from FMN. The structure–function studies revealed the mechanism for the recognition and binding of BBR by bacterial NRs and may help to understand the conversion of BBR by the gut microbiota.
Atomic resolution studies of S1 nuclease complexes reveal details of RNA interaction with the enzyme despite multiple lattice-translocation defects
Authors: Adámková Kristýna , Koval' Tomáš , Østergaard Lars H. , Dušková Jarmila , Malý Martin , Švecová Leona , Skálová Tereza , Kolenko Petr , Dohnálek Jan
Published: September 2022

S1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae is a single-strand-specific nuclease from the S1/P1 family that is utilized in biochemistry and biotechnology. S1 nuclease is active on both RNA and DNA but with differing catalytic efficiencies. This study clarifies its catalytic properties using a thorough comparison of differences in the binding of RNA and DNA in the active site of S1 nuclease based on X-ray structures, including two newly solved complexes of S1 nuclease with the products of RNA cleavage at atomic resolution. Conclusions derived from this comparison are valid for the whole S1/P1 nuclease family. For proper model building and refinement, multiple lattice-translocation defects present in the measured diffraction data needed to be solved. Two different approaches were tested and compared. Correction of the measured intensities proved to be superior to the use of the dislocation model of asymmetric units with partial occupancy of individual chains. As the crystals suffered from multiple lattice translocations, equations for their correction were derived de novo. The presented approach to the correction of multiple lattice-translocation defects may help to solve similar problems in the field of protein X-ray crystallography.
MembraneDyn: simulating the dynamics of supported membrane stacks on the nanosecond timescale
Authors: Hayward Dominic W. , Jaksch Sebastian , Fomina Margarita , Dubey Purushottam S. , Frielinghaus Henrich , Holderer Olaf , Monkenbusch Michael
Published: September 2022

The static structure factor and the undulation dynamics of a solid-supported membrane stack have previously been calculated by Romanov and Ul'yanov [Romanov & Ul'yanov (2002). Phys. Rev. E, 66, 061701]. Based on this prior work, the calculation has been extended to cover the membrane dynamics, i.e. the intermediate scattering function as a Fourier transform of the van Hove correlation function of the membrane stack. Fortran code which calculates the intermediate scattering function for a membrane stack on a solid support is presented. It allows the static and dynamic scattering functions to be calculated according to the derivation of Romanov and Ul'yanov. The physical properties of supported phospholipid bilayers can be examined in this way and the results can be directly compared with results obtained from grazing-incidence neutron spin-echo spectroscopy experiments.
3-Methyl-5-(4-methylphenoxy)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
Authors: Archana Sreeramapura D. , Nagma Banu Holalagudu A. , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Balerao Rishik , Butcher Ray J.
Published: September 2022

In the title compound, C18H16N2O2, the phenyl and pyrazole rings subtend a dihedral angle of 22.68 (8)°. The packing of the title compound features aromatic π–π stacking and weak C—H...π interactions.
Information transmission between energy commodities and emerging Asian stock markets during crises: an analysis of oil importing countries
Authors: Babar Maria , Ahmad Habib , Yousaf Imran
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study examines the information transmission (return and volatility spillovers) among energy commodities (crude oil, natural gas, Brent oil, heating oil, gasoil, gasoline) and Asian stock markets which are net importers of energy (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand).

Design/methodology/approach

The information transmission is investigated by employing the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz, using daily data for the period January 2000 to May 2021.

Findings

A Strong connectedness is documented between the two classes of asset, especially during crisis periods. Our findings reveal that most of the energy markets, except gasoil and natural gas, are net transmitters of information, whereas all the stock markets, excluding Indonesia and Korea, are net recipients.

Practical implications

The findings are helpful for portfolio managers and institutional investors allocating funds to various asset classes in times of crisis.

Originality/value

All data is original.
The influence of Islamic leadership on work performance in service industry: an empirical analysis
Authors: Zaim Halil , Erzurum Erdem , Zaim Selim , Uluyol Burhan , Seçgin Gökhan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to propose a practical, virtue-centric model of leadership based on Islamic principles. The structure of the Islamic leadership construct is validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Its relationship with performance and organizational commitment is examined and the mediating role of organizational commitment is assessed.

Design/methodology/approach

Islamic leadership model is tested using confirmatory factor analysis with data collected from employees working in the services sector in Turkey. Relationships between Islamic leadership, organizational commitment and performance are examined through a path analysis.

Findings

The factor analysis results presented a good fit for the proposed Islamic leadership model, which consists of wisdom, religiosity, justice and kindness dimensions. Regarding path analysis, findings indicated a positive relationship between Islamic leadership and job performance. Moreover, organizational commitment partially mediated the relationship between Islamic leadership and job performance.

Originality/value

Previous studies on Islamic leadership contain a very little number of empirical models. This study proposes a valuable empirical model of Islamic leadership consisting of moral values, spirituality, ethics and wisdom. In addition, the proposed model is supported with empirical pieces of evidence. Evidence of the partial mediating role of organizational commitment between Islamic leadership and job performance is also revealed by the study.
Customer experience dimensions in last-mile delivery: an empirical study on unattended home delivery
Authors: Olsson John , Hellström Daniel , Vakulenko Yulia
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The success of last-mile delivery is dependent on consumer acceptance of such services, yet little is known about unattended delivery experience. This paper's purpose is to provide empirically based understanding of customer experience dimensions in unattended home delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an engaged scholarship approach, this field study investigated nine households that actively used an unattended delivery service for a period of six to nine months. Empirical data were collected primarily from in-depth interviews.

Findings

The study demonstrates that unattended delivery experience is a multidimensional construct that comprises consumers' cognitive, emotional, behavioral, sensorial, physical and social responses to the service. The empirical evidence provides rich descriptions of each customer experience dimension, and the research offers a framework and propositions on unattended delivery experience.

Practical implications

The results guide and support managers in assessing and developing delivery services using a consumer-centric approach to enhance customer experience.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to address unattended delivery experience by providing a comprehensive, empirically grounded framework. The results provide a foundation for future investigations of last-mile delivery experience dimensions.
Ambidexterity and absorptive capacity in boundary-spanning managers: role of paradox mindset and learning goal orientation
Authors: Snehvrat Saurav , Chaudhary Sanjay , Majhi Siddharth Gaurav
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Boundary-spanning managers need to recognize, learn and implement external knowledge while balancing the conflicts emerging from new and existing knowledge. The authors' study explores how a paradox mindset (PM) and a learning focus [learning goal orientation (LGO)] promote two managerial capabilities: absorptive capacity (ACAP) and ambidexterity. The authors' study explores the inter-relationship between the mindsets and the capabilities required for innovative work behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use survey data from 113 technology/product managers employed in boundary-spanning roles in a large Indian automotive equipment manufacturing firm. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis and bootstrapping (using PROCESS MACRO) are used to test for direct and mediation effects respectively.

Findings

Both PM and LGO are found to affect individual ambidexterity (IA) via the mediation of individual absorptive capacity (IACAP). While IACAP partially mediates the relationship between PM and IA, there is full mediation in the case of LGO.

Research limitations/implications

The authors focus on a sample of managers from a single, large Indian automotive firm. Although single case studies can help provide novel conceptual insights and to test theoretical relationships, future research needs to confirm the authors' findings in different types of firms.

Practical implications

This study shows how a learning orientation and the ability to be energized from conflicts help boundary-spanning managers produce innovative outcomes.

Originality/value

The authors reveal fresh insights on how both ACAP and ambidexterity share the focus on learning and paradox management. The authors explicate how LGO and PM uniquely impact the critical capabilities of IACAP and IA for boundary-spanning managers.
Cycle Pure Agarbathies: branding fragrance across the world
Authors: Padmanabhan N.S. , Siji Smitha , Minimol M.C.
Published: September 2022

Theoretical basis

This case facilitates the learning of marketing concepts like segmentation, targetting and positioning, marketing mix, branding strategies and digital marketing strategies.

Research methodology

The case is written based on the facts available in the public domain and hence it follows secondary data research design. The secondary sources include company websites, industry reports, newspaper articles, social media sites and other online articles and reports. The case is classroom tested with MBA students in digital marketing course and PGDM students in brand management course.

Case overview/synopsis

Cycle Pure agarbathi, the leading brand of NR Group, became the coveted brand among the households of India. This success amidst high competition can be attributed to the concerted effort on product development coupled with mindful branding. To keep abreast of time and competition the company opted to go digital with an e-portal. Cycle Pure had a digital presence much earlier through social media, but the e-portal www.cycle.in, was a novel attempt. All the fragrance products of the brand were available for consumers through www.cycle.in. Moreover, the product assortment consisted of a collection of top-quality products and auxiliaries linked to multiple categories such as invocation necessities, personal care, air care and lifestyle. Furthermore, using in-house fragrance research lab, the company experimented with local aromas through numerous variants and also extended to related products such as sambrani (benzene) and dhoops. With consistent product augmentations along with access to innovative sectors such as air fresheners, the company expected to grow at a rate of 15%–16% annually. However, the company targeted to grab one-third share in the total market within the next five years.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used in Marketing Management, Brand Management, Digital marketing and Strategic Marketing courses at the Master’s level. It is suitable for MBA and executive MBA students.
Observation: its role in Anna Freud’s developmental approach and therapeutic parent‐toddler groups1
Authors: Pretorius Inge‐Martine
Published: September 2022

Starting in Vienna in the 1920s, Anna Freud’s first tentative attempts at observing children became a crucial component of the ‘double approach’ which integrated direct child observation with psychoanalytic reconstruction. This enabled the detailed study of unfolding developmental processes and the construction of a theory of normative as well as pathological child development. Her identification of disturbances that were developmental rather than neurotic led to the broadening of child analysis. Interventions aimed at freeing and supporting development rather than giving insight, became known as ‘developmental therapy’. These interventions are used in the parent‐toddler groups that embody Anna Freud’s endeavour to link psychoanalytic theory, direct observation and clinical practice. Observations of a toddler, who attended a parent‐toddler group with his mother, show how intervening early in the child’s life and soon after concerns were identified, contributed to preventing maladaptive affective states and ways of relating from becoming entrenched.
Thinking the unthinkable: trauma, defence and early states of mind in the work of Alessandra Cavalli1
Authors: Colman Warren
Published: September 2022

From my experience of working with her as the editor of many of her papers, this paper seeks to elucidate the late Alessandra Cavalli's clinical and theoretical approach to analytic work through a study of the editorial process her papers went through on their way to publication. This highlights a consistent theoretical synthesis integrating Klein, Fordham, Bion, Matte‐Blanco and Ferrari in an archetypal structure that was firmly rooted in Jung. This synthesis, closely interwoven into Alessandra's clinical work but never fully articulated, was primarily concerned with the impact of trauma on the developing self and how this could be ameliorated through the analytic process, especially through the transformation of raw primitive affect into representational form via the containment provided by an emotionally attuned other.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Cheng Yong‐kang , Yang Chun‐feng , Jin Lin‐mei , Li Yu‐mei
Published: September 2022

Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) encephalitis is the most commonly identified cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been increasingly employed to treat this disease. This expansion is a consequence of improved techniques and apheresis instruments, as well as the recognition of its applicability in neurological diseases. However, several aspects of treatment remain incompletely clarified, and treatment strategies are still heterogeneous, especially with regard to therapeutic plasma exchange in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. This review provides an overview of the use of therapeutic plasma exchange including the principle and mechanisms, the evidence, initial time, efficiency and complications in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis.
Integrating 18F‐FDG PET/CT with lung dose‐volume for assessing lung inflammatory changes after arc‐based radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Hsu Chen‐Xiong , Lin Kuan‐Heng , Shueng Pei‐Wei , Wu Yen‐Wen , Tsai Wei‐Ta , Chang Chiu‐Han , Tien Hui‐Ju , Wang Shan‐Ying , Wu Tung‐Hsin , Mok Greta S. P.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) has a highly linear relationship with low‐dose lung volume. We previously established a volume‐based algorithm (VBA) method to improve low‐dose lung volume in radiotherapy (RT). This study assessed lung inflammatory changes by integrating fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) with VBA for esophageal cancer patients undergoing arc‐based RT.

Methods

Thirty esophageal cancer patients received 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging pre‐RT and post‐RT were included in a retrospective pilot study. We fused lung doses and parameters of PET/CT in RT planning. Based on VBA, we used the 5Gy isodose curve to define high‐dose (HD) and low‐dose (LD) regions in the lung volume. We divided patients into non‐RP (nRP) and RP groups. The maximum, mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), global lung glycolysis (GLG), mean lung dose (MLD) and V5–30 in lungs were analyzed. Area under the curve values were utilized to identify optimal cut‐off values for RP.

Results

Eleven patients in the nRP group and 19 patients in the RP group were identified. In 30 RP lungs, post‐RT SUVmax, SUVmean and GLG of HD regions showed significant increases compared to values for pre‐RT lungs. There were no significant differences in values of 22 nRP lungs. Post‐RT SUVmax and SUVmean of HD regions, MLD, and lung V5 and V10 in RP lungs were significantly higher than in nRP lungs. For detecting RP, the optimal cut‐off values were post‐RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14%.

Conclusion

This study successfully integrated 18F‐FDG PET/CT with VBA to assess RP in esophageal cancer patients undergoing RT. Post‐RT SUVmax > 2.28 and lung V5 > 47.14% might be potential indicators of RP.
Suicidality and relief of depressive symptoms with intermittent theta burst stimulation in a sham‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wilkening Jonas , Witteler Fabian , Goya‐Maldonado Roberto
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Suicidality is a serious public health problem and is closely associated with the severity of depression. In this work, we examined the effects of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on suicidal status, risk factors for suicide, and severity of depressive symptoms in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

We present data from a quadruple‐blind (patient, care provider, investigator, rater) sham‐controlled crossover randomized clinical trial. During a 6‐week observation period, each participant underwent 2 weeks of stimulation ‐ each week with 20 sessions of active or sham iTBS. A suicide score was created using a composite of individual items from Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Depression Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The severity of depression was determined by MADRS total scores. In addition, we used demographic and Columbia Suicidality Rating Scale information to assess suicide risk.

Results

Among 81 participants, we observed a significant reduction in suicidality and this change was positively correlated with a change in depressive symptoms. A significant difference between active and sham iTBS provided evidence for antidepressant effects. Higher changes in levels of anxiety and impulsiviness also correlated with larger changes in suicidality.

Conclusions

As neither suicide nor other serious adverse events were evidenced, this intervention was a safe and viable procedure to reduce suicidality and severity of depressive symptoms. Moreover, we identified more pronounced anti‐suicidal effects in those with higher risk profiles. Unlike MADRS, composite suicidal scores did not provide evidence of an effect between stimulation conditions in this crossover design study. Even so, based on our promising results, parallel and larger studies could contribute to a better characterization of the anti‐suicidal placebo effect and the benefit of using iTBS against suicidal symptoms.
Effect of board gender diversity on the financial performance of microfinance institutions: Does judicial efficiency matter?
Authors: Sarpong‐Danquah Beatrice , Adusei Michael , Magnus Frimpong Joseph
Published: September 2022

The impact of board gender diversity on the financial performance of firms is not known. This is because empirical investigations have yielded inconclusive outcomes. This study engages data from 408 microfinance institutions (MFIs) covering the period 2010–2018 from the six microfinance regions to investigate this impact using the Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) and the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS‐GMM) estimation techniques. The study also explores whether judicial efficiency exerts any significant effect on the board gender diversity–financial performance nexus. The study observes that board gender diversity exhibits a strong negative effect on the financial performance of MFIs. The study also observes that the effect of board gender diversity on the financial performance of MFIs escalates in the presence of judicial inefficiency. The study, therefore, unveils the judicial system as a channel through which gender diversity drives the financial performance of MFIs negatively.
Reporting and Assurance of Climate‐Related and Other Sustainability Information: A Review of Research and Practice
Authors: Zhou Shan
Published: September 2022

This literature review provides a summary of the key insights from recent studies that use an archival method. It covers two subject matters: climate‐related information and other sustainability information. For each, the paper reviews and summarises findings on current practices and the determinants and consequences of the reporting and assurance of climate‐related and other sustainability information in both voluntary and mandatory regimes. The review identifies areas that are close to saturation and those that are currently under researched. It also highlights key trends in this evolving area for future research to explore.
How conceptualizing obesity as a disease affects beliefs about weight, and associated weight stigma and clinical decision‐making in health care
Authors: Rathbone Joanne A. , Cruwys Tegan , Jetten Jolanda , Banas Kasia , Smyth Lillian , Murray Kristen
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study empirically investigated how conceptualizing obesity as a disease (i.e., pathologizing obesity) affects beliefs about weight, and weight stigma and discrimination among health professionals.

Design

An experiment that manipulated the pathologization of obesity was completed by a multi‐nation sample of health professionals from Australia, UK, and USA (N = 365).

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions where they were asked to conceptualize obesity as a disease or not a disease; then presented with a hypothetical medical profile of a patient with obesity who was seeking care for migraines. We measured biogenetic causal beliefs about obesity, endorsement of weight as a heuristic for health, negative obesity stereotypes, and treatment decisions.

Results

Participants in the disease (vs. non‐disease) condition endorsed biogenetic causal beliefs more strongly and made more migraine‐related treatment recommendations. No effect of the manipulation was found for the remaining outcomes. Biogenetic causal beliefs about obesity were associated with less weight stigma. Endorsing weight as a heuristic for health was associated with greater weight stigma and differential treatment recommendations focused more on the patient's weight and less on their migraines.

Conclusions

Pathologizing obesity may reinforce biogenetic explanations for obesity. Evidence demonstrates complex associations between weight‐related beliefs and weight stigma and discrimination. Biogenetic causal beliefs were associated with less weight stigma, while endorsing weight as a heuristic for health was associated with greater weight stigma and differential treatment. Further research is needed to inform policies that can promote health without perpetuating weight‐based rejection in health care.
Global impacts of projected climate changes on the extent and aboveground biomass of mangrove forests
Authors: Gouvêa Lidiane P. , Serrão Ester A. , Cavanaugh Kyle , Gurgel Carlos F. D. , Horta Paulo A. , Assis Jorge
Published: September 2022

Aim

Over the past 50 years, anthropogenic activities have led to the disappearance of approximately one‐third of the world's mangrove forests and their associated ecosystem services. The synergetic combined effect of projected climate change is likely to further impact mangroves in the years to come, whether by range expansions associated with warming at higher latitudes or large‐scale diebacks linked to severe droughts. We provide an estimate of future changes in the extent and aboveground biomass (AGB) of mangrove forests at global scales by considering contrasting Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (decade 2090–2100 under RCP 2.6 in line with the Paris Agreement expectations, and RCP 8.5 of higher emissions).

Location

Global.

Methods

Boosted regression trees fitted occurrence and AGB of mangroves against high‐resolution biologically meaningful data on air temperature, precipitation, wave energy, slope and distance to river Deltas.

Results

On the global scale, models produced for present‐day conditions retrieved high accuracy scores and estimated a total area of 12,780,356 ha and overall biomass of 2.29 Pg, in line with previous estimates. Model projections showed poleward shifts along temperate regions, which translated into comparable gains in total area, regardless of the RCP scenario (area change RCP 2.6: 17.29%; RCP 8.5: 15.77%). However, biomass changes were dependent on the emission scenario considered, remaining stable or even increasing under RCP 2.6, or undergoing severe losses across tropical regions under RCP 8.5 (overall biomass change RCP 2.6: 12.97%; RCP 8.5: −11.51%). Such losses were particularly aggravated in countries located in the Tropical Atlantic and Eastern Pacific, and the Western and Eastern Indo‐Pacific regions (regions with losses above ~20% in overall biomass).

Conclusions

Our global estimates highlight the potential effect of future climate changes on mangrove forests and how broad compliance with the Paris Agreement may counteract severe trajectories of loss. The projections made, also provided at the country level, serve as new baselines to evaluate changes in mangrove carbon sequestration and ecosystem services, strongly supporting policy‐making and management directives, as well as to guide restoration actions considering potential future changes in niche availability.
Upstream lipid and metabolic systems are potential causes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementias
Authors: Cooper Oliver , Hallett Penny , Isacson Ole
Published: September 2022

Brain health requires circuits, cells and molecular pathways to adapt when challenged and to promptly reset once the challenge has resolved. Neurodegeneration occurs when adaptability becomes confined, causing challenges to overwhelm neural circuitry. Studies of rare and common neurodegenerative diseases suggest that the accumulation of lipids can compromise circuit adaptability. Using microglia as an example, we review data that suggest increased lipid concentrations cause dysfunctional inflammatory responses to immune challenges, leading to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia. We highlight current approaches to treat lipid metabolic and clearance pathways and identify knowledge gaps towards restoring adaptive homeostasis in individuals who are at‐risk of losing cognition.
Multiaxial fatigue life prediction model with relative stress gradient and size effect
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Zhao He , Ran Yong , Hua Feilong , Zi Rong
Published: September 2022

To investigate the effects of notched root stress gradient and geometric size parameters on the fatigue performance of engineering components, a new multiaxial fatigue life prediction model is established. First, based on the energy‐critical plane method, the location of the dangerous plane is determined with the help of finite element (FE) analysis. Second, the sixth‐order multinomial stress function is used to study the stress/strain distribution state on the critical plane, and the relative stress gradient (RSG) function is used to find the stationary point to determine the RSG value and the magnitude of the fatigue damage zone boundary value. Specifically, for specimens with different notch types, the indexes to determine the high‐stress influence zone and the size influence factor are proposed. Finally, a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model considering RSG and size effect is established, and the compared results show that the new model has a high fatigue life prediction capability.
Validation of time temperature superposition principle for high modulus asphalt concrete in the linear viscoelastic and fatigue domains
Authors: Boussabnia Mohamed Mounir , Perraton Daniel , Di Benedetto Hervé , Lamothe Sebastien , Proteau Marc
Published: September 2022

Validation of time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) in the fatigue domain for a high modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) is presented in this paper. All tests were performed in tension‐compression under strain control mode. First, TTSP was validated in the linear viscoelastic domain. Then, fatigue tests were performed under three loading conditions, 9.2°C and 5 Hz, 11.0°C and 10 Hz and 12.9°C and 20 Hz, which are equivalent regarding TTSP. Two fatigue protocols were adopted: continuous fatigue test (FT) and fatigue test with rest period (FTRP). For FT, three samples were tested at 180μm/m for each loading condition whereas for FTRP, one sample was tested at 100 μm/m. The data were analysed by comparing the dynamic modulus evolution as a function of time or the fatigue life duration. The results showed that HMAC with fatigue damage remains thermorheologically simple (i.e., respects the TTSP) in the studied temperatures range.
Evaluation of wound healing effects of micronized acellular dermal matrix in combination with negative pressure wound therapy: In vivo study
Authors: Cho Jeongmok , Hwang Hyun , Song Shin Young , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Hong Joon Pio
Published: September 2022

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts can provide coverage for full‐thickness skin defects and substitute for dermal defects. We tested the effectiveness of micronized ADM (mADM) as a dressing material, combined with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), for managing superficial wounds. We compared the wound healing effect of mADM in combination with NPWT with those of gelatin and mADM applied with a foam dressing. These therapeutic materials were applied to 36 cm2 excisional wounds in a porcine full‐thickness skin defect model. Wound healing kinetics and new tissue formation were assessed 10 days after the initial treatment by measuring the wound area. Collagen deposition and neovascularization were histologically evaluated. Compared with the other two groups, mADM plus NPWT combination group had a significantly larger wound area at the baseline (P = .0040), but the smallest on the 7th day (P = .0093). In addition, collagen formation and neovascularization were more histologically promoted than in the other two groups. mADM showed better results than the gelatin group but less collagen and revascularization than the combination group, and there was no significant difference in wound area. Our results show that the combination of mADM and NPWT has a synergistic wound healing effect.
Estimation of genetic parameters for important traits using a multi‐trait model in late‐feathering Qingyuan partridge hens in China
Authors: Kang Huimin , Ren Meiyu , Li Shanshan , Lu Yuedan , Deng Xuqing , Zhang Zhengfen , Gan Jiankang , Wei Jindui , Hua Guohong , Yu Hui , Li Hua
Published: September 2022

Qingyuan partridge chicken is one of the most well‐known Chinese indigenous yellow broilers. In breeding programmes, five traits are usually selected when the chickens are 105 days old, namely body weight (BW), comb height (CH), shank length (SL), shank girth (SG) and feather maturity (FM). The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of these five traits, especially direct additive genetic correlations, to lay the foundation for balanced selection of Qingyuan partridge chickens. Approximately 9600 records were used for estimation. Variance components for these five traits were estimated using three multi‐trait models incorporating different effects via Gibbs sampling. Based on model 1 in which the random effects included direct additive genetic effects and residuals, the estimated direct heritabilities for BW, CH, SL, SG and FM were 0.29 ± 0.04, 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.47 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.05 and 0.18 ± 0.03, respectively. The direct genetic correlations ranged from −0.08 to 0.46. When additionally considering maternal additive genetic effects (model 2), the estimates of direct heritabilities and absolute values of direct additive genetic correlations were smaller. The heritabilities were 0.14 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.05, 0.27 ± 0.05 and 0.12 ± 0.03 for BW, CH, SL, SG and FM, respectively. The direct additive genetic correlations ranged from −0.33 to 0.36. More specifically, the direct additive genetic correlations between BW and CH, SL, SG and FM were 0.19 ± 0.13, 0.15 ± 0.15, 0.36 ± 0.15 and − 0.33 ± 0.21, respectively. The genetic correlations of FM with SL, SG and CH were − 0.15 ± 0.15, −0.08 ± 0.17 and 0.18 ± 0.15, respectively. The direct genetic correlations between CH and SG and SL were − 0.02 ± 0.11 and − 0.20 ± 0.11, respectively, and that between SL and SG was 0.19 ± 0.11. The total heritabilities and maternal additive genetic correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.44 and from −0.13 to 0.61, respectively. The third model also included the maternal permanent environmental effect for BW. The estimates of direct heritability, direct additive genetic correlation, total heritability and maternal additive genetic correlation were only slightly different from those based on the second model. Therefore, the maternal additive genetic effect has a large effect on the estimation of genetic parameters, and it is better to consider this effect in the genetic evaluation of these five traits. Relatively high direct and maternal additive genetic correlations for most trait pairs suggested that it is better to jointly evaluate these five traits in breeding programmes.
Inferring past refugia and range dynamics through the integration of fossil, niche modelling and genomic data
Authors: Mestre Frederico , Barbosa Soraia , Garrido‐García José A. , Pita Ricardo , Mira António , Alves Paulo C. , Paupério Joana , Searle Jeremy B. , Beja Pedro
Published: September 2022

Aim

Reconstructing species' glacial refugial history and demographic changes over time has greatly relied on comparing inferences from multiple methods while not sufficiently acknowledging their limitations. Here, we aim to integrate as fully as possible complementary methods in ecology, genomics and palaeobiology to improve the reconstruction of species biogeographical history.

Location

South‐western Europe.

Taxon

Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae).

Methods

We compiled and mapped the raw fossil data of the Cabrera vole for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Mid‐Holocene (MH). Alongside, we projected the calibrated ecological niche model (ENM) of the species' current distribution for the LGM, the Younger Dryas and the MH. Complementarily, we used previously obtained Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing data to evaluate the demographic history and range expansion patterns of all four Evolutionarily Significant Units of the species, in an integrative framework.

Results

ENM‐inferred refugial areas and genomic modelling consistently supported northern Iberian glacial refugia for the Cabrera vole. This contrasted with the higher fossil abundance of the species in southern and eastern Iberia and southern France from the LGM to the MH. Our results suggest that populations in areas with high fossil abundance went extinct, and were later replaced by northern Iberian populations such that they did not contribute significantly to the current gene pool.

Main conclusions

Our integrative approach indicates how the range of the Cabrera vole fluctuated in response to environmental change during and following the LGM. Despite methodological limitations, the ENM and genomic approaches produced generally congruent results. Instead, the fossil record may misrepresent the ancestral distribution of this species and should be considered cautiously for ancestral distribution reconstruction, considering that it also reflects the fossilization conditions. Overall, our study supports the idea that integrative approaches are essential to provide an accurate and well‐supported picture of historical refugial areas and range dynamics.
Engaging the consumer in disinvestment in public healthcare: Concerns, perspectives and attitudes of older adults
Authors: Pu Dai , Bonnici Rachel , Haines Terry
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Low‐value care in public health can be addressed via disinvestment with the support of disinvestment research generated evidence. Consumers' views of disinvestment have rarely been explored despite the potential effects of this process on the care they will receive and the importance of consumer participation in decision‐making in public healthcare.

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to understand consumer concerns, perceptions and attitudes towards disinvestment processes, with the goal of providing recommendations to health service researchers and managers to more effectively engage consumers in shared decision‐making in public healthcare.

Method

We conducted semistructured interviews using four scenarios describing the principles of disinvestment, how and why it could be undertaken, and a fifth scenario that described a real‐life application of these principles. These scenarios were presented to participants in a written word document or a digital story during semistructured interviews. Participants were 18 community‐dwelling older adults who were recruited via convenience sampling. Questions were addressed to the participants regarding their feelings and concerns towards disinvestment, their participation as consumers in disinvestment processes, as well as their preference for communicating information about disinvestment to patients and families.

Results

Four major themes emerged around the negative perception of disinvestment and positive perception of research. Participants were concerned that the removal of a clinical activity was mainly the result of financial constraints in hospital systems. At times, participants indicated that disinvestment and its justifications were not easily understood. Participants expressed a need for consumer advocacy not always through themselves, but via others with more expertize; a single consumer is insufficient in representing the broader consumer perspective. Participants stressed the importance of transparency in relation to research evidence and decision‐making outcomes. Face‐to‐face dissemination of information by expert staff was preferred, which could be supplemented with clear and concise written materials.

Conclusion

Consumers' main perception of disinvestment processes was that the removal of a clinical care activity depended on financial imperatives from hospital administration and political agendas. This tended to cause suspicion about reasons behind the removal of care, which overshadowed comprehension of the ineffective/inconclusive evidence that were key to disinvestment.
“It's something to own”: A psychobiographical exploration of the life story of MichelleLaVaughnRobinson Obama
Authors: Winston‐Proctor Cynthia E.
Published: September 2022

Objective

On January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama placed his hand on the Bible and completed his oath of office as the 44th President of the United States, Michelle Obama instantly was First Lady. The purpose of this psychobiography was to interpret the meaning of Michelle Obama's life during a significant life transition.

Method

The research design included a social constructivist epistemological stance, a case study design, and an iterative process of narrative interpretation of Michelle Obama'sBecomingmemoir and documentary. My narrative inquiry led me to crystalize the research question, How does Michelle Obama narratively process her lived experiences and draw upon a pattern of autobiographical reasoning to curate her life story?

Results

My interpretive analysis illuminated how she curated her life story with autobiographical reasoning that employs a “phenomenal woman” script and narrative metaphors based in the sound of striving and the concept of location.

Conclusion

This psychobiography supports the life story theory of identity and self‐defining memory research about enduring goals of the self. It also elevates the role of positionality as a form of sociocultural methodological integrity within psychobiography. Autobiographical authenticity of her agentic self is a profound force in Michelle Obama becoming a person who can garner worldwide status as a social change agent.
Effect of worry, depression, and sensitivity to environmental stress owing to neurotic personality on risk of cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Rukh Gull , de Ruijter Markus , Schiöth Helgi Birgir
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study investigated the putative causal link between neuroticism (using three genetically distinct subclusters namely depressed affect, worry, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity [SESA]) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Method

A two‐sample bi‐directional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used. Genetic instruments were extracted from publically available GWAS summary statistics.

Results

In forward MR analyses with neuroticism subclusters as exposures, no causal associations between worry or SESA cluster and any of the CVD traits were observed (p > .05 for all). However, a higher risk of having heart failure (odds ratio (95% confidence interval):1.32(1.12 to 1.56); p = .0011) and myocardial infarction (1.47[1.18 to 1.83]; p = 6.3 × 10‐4) associated with depressed affect cluster was observed. In reverse MR analyses with CVD traits as exposures, no significant associations were observed (p > .05 for all).

Conclusions

Individuals with high neuroticism who are more susceptible to depressive symptoms are at higher risk for developing heart failure and myocardial infarction and should be more carefully evaluated for CVD risk in clinical settings. These individuals can potentially benefit from interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms to decrease CVD risk. There is no evidence to suggest that being sensitive to environmental stressors or being more worried can increase the risk for CVD.
Effect of stocking density in plastic boxes without oxygenation on the transport of pirarucu,Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)
Authors: Santos Marcel J. M. , Magalhães Francisco O. , Manhães João V. , Soares Itamar J. , Silva Adenilson G. , Ramos Ana P. , Schorer Marianne , Braga Luis G. T.
Published: September 2022

For the evaluation of the effects of the transport density of pirarucu juveniles, 210 juvenile pirarucus, Arapaima gigas (488 ± 26.5 g) were randomly distributed in 12 plastic boxes at transport densities of 98, 146, 195, and 244 g L−1. The transport was carried out on a paved highway for 4 h, and at the end of the transport, all were returned to the laboratory. After transport (AT), 8 fish from each experimental unit were transferred to 12 tanks (250 L) for the final samplings. Blood was sampled at three different times: immediately a AT, 24, and 48 h after transportation. The survival and hematocrit, cortisol, glucose, and lactate were measured. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for all blood parameters, and there was no mortality throughout the experiment. At the end of the analysis, pirarucus were able to be transported at a density of 244 g L−1 for up to 4 h in open systems without oxygenation, recovering from stress until 48 h AT.