bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naskah Donga Slamet Dan Reformisme Orang Jawa
Authors: Kiptiyah Siti Mariatul
Published: August 2020

The focus of this article is to discuss a Donga Slamet manuscript collection of Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum, in Yogyakarta. The manuscript con­tains the text of prayer for safety in the world and the hereafter and responds to the practice of slametan in the community. The question inscribed are; How does the text discuss slametan? How does the Donga Slamet text reproduce the new meaning of the Arabic congratulatory text into Javanese language and script? This paper is reviewed in philology. The results of this study indicate that the text of Donga Slamet was inspired by the spirit of reformism so that the meaning production of the prayer text is very rational and closes the interpretation space on slametan rituals as part of Islamic prayer practices.Keywords: prayer, Javanese Muslim, reformism, slametan.Fokus artikel ini adalah membahas sebuah manuskrip berjudul Donga Slamet koleksi Museum Dewantara Kirti Griya, Yogyakarta. Naskah tersebut memuat teks doa memohon keselamatan di dunia dan akhirat dan merespon praktik slametan di masyarakat. Pertanyaan yang didiskusikan adalah bagaimana naskah tersebut membicarakan slametan? Bagaimana naskah Donga Slamet mereproduksi makna baru atas teks doa selamat yang berbahasa Arab ke dalam bahasa dan aksara Jawa? Tulisan ini dikaji secara filologi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa naskah Donga Slamet diilhami oleh semangat reformisme sehingga produksi makna teks doa selamat yang dihasilkan sangat rasional dan menutup ruang penafsiraan terhadap ritual slametan sebagai bagian dari praktik doa yang Islami.Kata kunci: doa, Muslim Jawa, reformisme, slametan
Cognitive Computing and its Relationship to Computing Methods and Advanced Computing from a Functional Modeling Perspective
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: August 2020

Recent advances in modeling human cognition have resulted in what is suggested to be the first model of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with the potential capacity for human-like general problem-solving ability, as well as a model for a General Collective Intelligence or GCI, which has been described as software that organizes a group into a single collective intelligence with the potential for vastly greater general problem-solving ability than any individual in the group. Both this model for GCI and this model for AGI require functional modeling of concepts that is complete in terms of meaning being self-contained in the model and not requiring interpretation based on information outside the model. This definition of a model for cognition has also been suggested to implicitly provide a semantic interpretation of functional models created within the functional modeling technique defined to meet the data format requirements of this AGI and GCI, so that the combination of the model of cognition to define an interpretation of meaning, and the functional modeling technique, together result in fully self-contained definitions of meaning that are suggested to be the first complete implementation of semantic modeling. With this semantic modeling, and with these models for AGI and GCI, cognitive computing is far better defined. This paper explores the various computing methods and advanced computing paradigms from the perspective of this cognitive computing.
Applications for General Collective Intelligence
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: August 2020

General Collective Intelligence or GCI has been described as a system that organizes groups into a single collective intelligence with the potential for vastly greater general problem-solving ability than any individual in the group. This paper explores examples of the classes of problems that might be solved with GCI.
Statistical learning in children's emergent L2 literacy: Cross-cultural insights from rural Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Hannon Joelle , Hu Anqi , Kouadio Aya Élise , AKPE Hermann , Tanoh Fabrice , WANG MADELEINE L , Qi Zhenghan , Jasińska Kaja Kinga
Published: August 2020

Studies of non-linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high-income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d’Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM-1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills. Across three iteratively-developed experiments, 157 children, age 8-15 years, in rural communities in the greater-Adzópe region of Côte d’Ivoire watched sequences of cartoon images with embedded triplet patterns on touchscreen tablets, while performing a target-detection task. We assessed these tablet-based adaptations of non-linguistic visual SL and asked whether the children’s individual differences in performance on the SL tasks were related to their first and second language and literacy skills. We found group-level evidence that children used the statistical regularities in the image sequence to gradually decrease their response times, but their responses on post-test discrimination did not reflect this learning. When evaluating the correlation between SL and language skills, individual differences related to other task demands predicted oral language skills shared by first and second languages, while SL better predicted second language print skills. These findings suggest that non-linguistic SL paradigms can measure similar skills in Ivorian children as previous samples, but they also echo recent calls for further cross-cultural validation, greater internal reliability, and tests for confounding variables (such as processing speed) in studies of individual differences in statistical learning.
Geneza i pierwsze znaczenie terminu „świecki" – „laicus" w literaturze wczesnochrześcijańskiej
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: August 2020

Hac in dissertatiuncula primum vocis laicos - laicus genesis, quae radices in traditione veterotestamentaria (lSm 21, 5; Ez 48, 15 et 22,16) necnon in traductionibus biblicis Aquilae, Theodotionis et Symmachi habet, exponitur. Deinde eiusdem vocis antiquissima Christiana notio, quae imprimis christianum non-sacerdotem significat, locis ex scriptis Clementis Romani, Clementis Alexandrini, Origenis, Hippolyti Romani, Tertulliani, Cypriani Carthaginiensis, Pontii Diaconi.
Rola świeckich w pismach Ojców Apostolskich i Apologetów greckich II wieku
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: August 2020

Per descrivere il ruolo dei laici nella Chiesa antica negli scritti dei Padri Apostolici ci siamo concentrati su Didache, L’Epistola ai Corinti di Clemente Romano, 1 e 2 Lettera a Filippesi di Policarpo di Smyrne e Pastore di Erma. Abbiamo quindi sottolineato che per capire bene i diversi carismi nella Chiesa primitiva descritti nella Dottrina dei Dodici Apostoli bisogna distinguere tra l’uso del termine „profeta” come una cattegoria generica che abbraccia tutti coloro che sono aperti all'azione dello Spirito Santo e quello piu specifico come carisma profetico data alla comunita dei credenti per interpretare meglio il tempo presente alla luce del Vangelo. Un'altra premessa merita ancora di essere messa in rilievo, e cioe, che secondo la Didache eventuale ruolo dei laci riguarda la comunita ecclesiale locale e non la Chiesa universale. Detto questo il ruolo dei laci in quest'opera sarebbe triplice: discernere tra un profeta itinerante vero da quello falso, poi, sostenere materialmente i veri profeti (qui inizia la famosa decima) e infine partecipare attivamente all'elezione dei vescovi e diaconi. Epistola ai Corinti (40, 5) per la prima volta appare il termine laikos che significa qualcuno che non offre i sacrifici di culto al nome della comunita. Oltre questo, Clemente attribuisce ai laici il compito di eleggere i presbiteri, che peró quando svolgono il loro servizio in maniera degna non possono essere dimessi da nessun laico. Policarpo di Smyrne si concentra sulla descrizione dei compiti dei laici che vivono nel mondo, cioe mogli, vedove, giovani e vergini, chiamati anche essi a dare la testimonianza al Vangelo nella vita quotidiana. Erma invece riceve la missione di annuziare il messaggio „rivelato” a tutti i cristiani che esiste una „paenitentia secunda” dopo il battesimo. Sarebbe quindi in qualche modo il precursore di tutti quei laici lungo la storia della Chiesa che hanno ricevuto le „rivelazioni” private come un aiuto per comprendere meglio la rivelazione pubblica in un determinato contesto storico. Per quanto riguarda invece gli Apologisti greci, nei loro testo non troveremo alcunche sul ruolo dei laci nella Chiesa del II secolo. Loro stessi peró, nella stragrande maggioranza laici, hanno svolto il ruolo fondamentale nella difesa dei cristianesimo dalle false calunnie popolari e dalla persecuzione imperiale, si sono impegnati nella polemica con il politeismo pagano e anche sforzati di presentare la fede cristiana nelle cattegorie filosofiche dell'epoca.
„Ubi tres, ecclesia est, licet laici". Duchowieństwo a laikat we wspólnocie kartagińskiej według Tertuliana
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz
Published: August 2020

Tertullian war durch den ganzen Zeitraum seines Lebens und Schaffens der Sprecher der Diszipłin. Er bemerkte in der christlichen Gemeinschaft diese, die leiten sie, und andere, die sind ihnen unterordnen. Bischofe, Priester und Diakone gehoren zu erster Gruppe. Die Bischofe leiten besonders die Kirche und sie sind Seelsorger. Sie bewahren auch „munera sacerdotałia". Diesem Gesetz des Bischofs verleugnete Tertullian niemals deutlich. Als zweite, separate Gruppe in der christlichen Gemeinschaft spezifiziert Tertullian die Laien. „Laici", ein mal verheiratete Manner, die zu „ordo Ecclesie" (Kirchrangordnung) nicht gehoren, haben auch die priesterliche Wurde. Die priesterliche Wurde der Glaubigen hat der allgemeine Charakter. Die priesterliche Funktionen uben in der christlichen Gemeinschaft Bischofe, Priester und Diakone, mit der Rucksicht auf der Disziplin und der Ordnung in der Kirche. In den notwendigen Zufallen uben es auch die Laien, das heiBt die Manner. Tertullian lehnt deutlich das Gesetz der Frauen die priesterliche Funktionen auszuuben ab. Trotz der deutlichen Absonderung durch Tertullian zwei Zustande in der Kirche, ist die Linie der Aufteilung zwischen Geistlichern und Laien in den Zeiten Tertullians in dem Grund der Sache genug gelaufig.
Kryterium rozróżnienia „duchowny - świecki" według "Tradycji Apostolskiej"
Authors: Naumowicz Józef
Published: August 2020

La Tradition Apostolique est le premier document a nous fournir des criteres precis pour la definition de l'appartenence au clerge. Le signe indiscutable de cette appartenence est l'ordination qui mene a l'execution de la leitourgia.
Napięcie między świeckością i sakralnością w wizji władcy w "De vita Constantini" Euzebiusza z Cezarei
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: August 2020

Nella "De vita Constantini" Eusebio di Cesarea ha realizzato una grande sistematizzazione degli elementi cristiani e pagani riguardanti la visione dell'imperatore e dell'impero, dalla quale - in conseguenza - e sorta la prima visione teologica dell'imperatore cristiano. Una caratteristica specifica di questa visione consiste nella sacralizzazione dell'imperatore e del suo ufficio. Essa non e del tutto univoca poiche si confronta continuamente con la sua mondanita ma - in fin dei conti - il suo elemento dominante e determinante diventa la sacralita. Le sue fonti si trovano sia nella dottrina cristiana che in quella pagana. Eusebio non e riuscito di evitare l'ideologizzazione nella sua impostazione poiche ha trascurato in questa questione - nonostante fosse un grande esegeta - la sensibilita esegetica. La visione di Eusebio dovrebbe essere l'oggetto delle ulteriori ricerche e delle purificazioni poiche continuamente rimane il punto di riferimento del cristianesimo orientale nella sua teologia politica. In ogni caso Eusebio continua ad essere il primo teologo politico del cristianesimo.
Rola i miejsce „synów przymierza" w Kościele perskim IV wieku (na przykładzie "Mów" Afrahata)
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: August 2020

Plusieurs savants qui scrutent la pensee Afrahat acceptent la these selon laquelle les „fils du pacte" representaient un ascetisme pre-monastique clerical qui a du exister bien avant Afrahat. Soumis a une regle ascetique tres rigoureuse les „fils du pacte" prenaient la place entre le clerge et les laics.
Wizerunek matki w pismach Seneki filozofa i w "Enarrationes in psalmos" św. Augustyna
Authors: Swoboda Antoni
Published: August 2020

L'articolo e stato diviso in tre parti. Nella prima parte sono stati presentati gli interventi dei entrambi autori a proposito delle qualita negative, le quali dovrebbe evitare la madre, per es.: perenne iagnanze, invidia, vanita, esagerata preoccupazione delle cose materiali, l'istigare al adulterio. Agostino a differenza di Seneca prima di tutto meteva in risalto una importante questione secondo la quale il Dio e la sua legge dovrebbe essere il fondamento delle regole del comportamento dell'uomo. Come l'espressione di questo, e stato negativo per intero giudizio dell'aborto, al quale nei certi casi permetteva Seneca. La seconda parte dell'articolo contiene il giudizio positivo dei comportamento della madre. Su questo argomento anzitutto si pronunciava Seneca, il quale ha lodato delle madri le quali hanno curato delle virtu, avevano il giusto l'atteggiamento verso le cose materiali e inoltre hanno osservato le normi morali a cui faceva anche caso Agostino. Invece nella terza parte sono state presentate le relazioni fra madre e bambino correttamente comprese. Madre la quale ama il proprio figlio si preoccupa non soltanto dei beni materiali, ma anche dei morali per lui, dando proprio l'esempio della giusta condotta. L'amore della madre verso il figlio non dovrebbe emarginare l'amore verso il Dio su cui ha richiamato l'attenzione Agostino. Seneca in confronto di Agostino, ha dedicato molta attenzione al dolore della madre dopo la perdita del bambino, cercando, con aiuto della argomentazione presa dalla filosofia platonica e stoica ed anche con molte indicazioni pratiche, di mostrare dei modi aiutanti nel superare questo dolore. Gli entrambi autori sono stati convinti che il positivo comportamento della madre verso il figlio dimostra la sua propria e grande carita. Peró, su questo argomento si hanno manifestato le certe differenze fra i nostri autori poiche Agostino ha legato l'amore materno della madre verso il figiio con l'amore di Dio verso l'uomo, Seneca invece, l'ha situato nei relazioni puramente umani.
Żeński klub inteligencji chrześcijańskiej na rzymskim Awentynie IV wieku
Authors: Stępniewska Alicja
Published: August 2020

Aventinischer Kreis der adligen Frauen im IV. Jahrhundert war wohl die erste christliche intelektuelle und feministische Gruppe in Rom. Zu diesem Kreis gehorten: Marcella und ihre Mutter Albina, Aseila, Melania, Fabiolla, Sophrania, Furia, Principia, Lea, Paula und ihre vier Tochter - Biesilla, Eustochium, Rufina und Paulina und auch ihre Schwiegertochter Leta, noch Marcellina - die Schwester des hl. Ambrosius und Irena - die Schwester des Papstes Damasus. Zur Entwicklung dieses Kreises hat der hl. Hieronymus durch biblische Konferenzen, gegrundet auch originellem hebraischem und griechischem Text, wesentlich beigetragen. Sie zwangen die Beteiligten zur vertieften Studie, zum Lesen und zur Meditation der Heiligen Schrift, lectio divina genannt, und veranlassten sie zur Praktik der systematischen Aszese, die den Grund zur Entwicklung des Frauenordenslebens in der Ewigen Stadt war.
Laikat rzymski w świetle "Mów" Leona Wielkiego
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: August 2020

Dai Sermoni di Leone Magno risulta che la Chiesa di Roma d'allora era ben organizzata ed aveva una struttura gia stabilita. La chiara distinzione tra „ordo sacerdotis" e il resto dei „membra Christi" destinava i rispettivi doveri. I laici erano ben consapevoli della sua partecipazione al „corpo di Cristo" e d'essere un „reale sacerdozio", ma il loro influsso sulla vita della comunita era assai scarsa.
Świeccy fundatorzy instytucji dobroczynnych w Kościele starożytnym
Authors: Wójcik Monika
Published: August 2020

Charitable activities go back to the very beginning of Christianity, but charity institutions were founded since the fourth century. In 321 A.D. the Church was granted testament factio passiva which allowed lay people to cede their property to the Church. In many cases there is no certainty about who the founder of a charity was. However, it is certain that the first founders were bishops. The earliest information about lay founders date back to the first half of the fourth century in the East and the end of the fourth century in the West. The historical sources of the following centuries are more numerous. Also, imperial constitutions, many of which were issued by Justinian, were the proof of charities founded by lay people and they functioned as a safeguard of the instructions concerning charitable activities. Lay founders were given a legal guarantee to run the charity they founded. However, the legal status of the charitable institutions of that time is still a matter of argument.
Godność ciała w polemice Tertuliana przeciwko poglądom filozofów greckich na podstawie "De resurrectione mortuorum"
Authors: Strękowski Stanisław
Published: August 2020

L'articolo riprende il tema molto importante per capire l'atteggiamento di Tertulliano nei confronti degli eretici, i quali hanno adottato tante argomentazione desunte della dottrina dei filosofi greci. L'Africano non rifiuta in blocco la filosofia greca, ma e molto critico nei confronti di alcuni filosofi, i quali differiscono tra di loro nella modalita di cercare le risposte ai problemi comuni e di consequenza le sotuzioni differiscono tra di loro. Tertulliano peró dimostra una capacita di argomentazione filosofica e di uso della singolare dialettica per confutare l'eresia.
Monastycyzm w Palestynie i Syrii w świetle źródeł patrystycznych IV i V wieku
Authors: Dybski Henryk
Published: August 2020

II monachesimo in Siria pure inizió all'inizio del IV secolo, e si espresse nella forma di vita anacoreta. Afrate ii Siro, Sant'Efrem e San Giovanni Crisostomo furono i propagatori della vita anacoreta in Siria. I monaci che vivevano in questo paese erano caratterizzati da una vita molto dura e da inusuali pratiche ascetiche. Secondo lo storico Sozomeno, il primo monaco eremita fu Aones. San Gerolamo sostiene peró che il primo eremita fu sant'Ilarione. Famoso stilita fu Simeone il maggiore. Elemento caratteristico del monachesimo siro era il fatto che gli anacoreti in una certa fase della propria vita entravano in monastero, e viceversa. In Siria esistevano anche monasteri femminili. In questo paese c'erano inoltre donne che conducevano vita eremitica. Le piu famose fra loro furono Marana, Syra e Domnina. Occorre sottolineare come San Girolamo visse da eremita in Siria. Durante un breve periodo della sua vita fu ad Antiochia Paola romana. In questa citta visse la famosa asceta diaconessa Sabiniana, zia di san Giovanni Crisostomo.
La lecture à la campagne en Gaule au VIe siècle d’après les Sermons de Césaire d’Arles
Authors: Grzywaczewski Józef
Published: August 2020

brak
Potępienie bałwochwalstwa na synodach w Toledo (VI-VII wiek)
Authors: Wygralak Paweł
Published: August 2020

Das Ziel des Artikels ist die Darstellung und Analyse der Synodenbeschlusse in Toledo im 6. und 7. Jahrhundert, die sich vor allem auf den unter der bauerlichen Bevolkerung verbreitenden Gotzendienst bezogen haben. Bestimmte Formen des Gotzendienstes konnte man auch unter den hoheren Schichten, wie etwa den Geistlichen, beobachten. Die Synodenvater verurteilten nicht nur die Gotzendienstpraktiken an sich, sondern auch all jene, die nicht eifrig genug gegen sie ankampften. In ihren Beschlussen beriefen sie sich auf die Heilige Schrift, aber auch auf die Lehre der Kirchenvater und der fruheren Synoden. Die verfassten Beschlusse weisen eindeutig darauf hin, dass ihr oberstes Ziel die Sorge um die Unverfalschbarkeit des Glaubens und den Heil der Glaubigen war.
Mamma, tata i papas w łacińskich inskrypcjach chrześcijańskich z Rzymu III-VI wieku
Authors: Stawoska-Jundziłł Bożena
Published: August 2020

The article is an analysis of the Christian inscriptions from Roman catacombs (ICUR NS vol. 1-10), which include words: mamma, tata, papas and their derivatives. In comparison to non-Christian inscriptions from CIL, investigated by K.R. Bradley (129 from Rome and 29 from provinces), Christian ones are not numerous, as we have 14 of them and 2 which are doubtful. They originate from the whole period of exhibition of Christian epitaphs in Rome, which lasted from III to VI century. The discussed words most frequently are related to nannies and a man, who looked after infants and little children - the same situation took place in pagan societies. Those people stayed with the families till the end of their lives. Just like in the pagan societies, it has been stated that the tutors had contacts with grown up wards, though the feelings were usually caused by the actions performed not by preceptors them- serves. The inscriptions often does not include the names of those people. Also the tutor have some strong feelings towards the children as they happened to found some epitaphs themselves. Only some of inscriptions may prove using the words discussed in relations to parents. Few inscriptions may indicate the will of resigning of the preceptors' services and taking the tasks over by children’s parents. That may be also caused by economical problems of the family burying the dead members in the catacombs.
Bizantyńskie ikony nadbramne (kult i funkcja)
Authors: Myśliński Michał
Published: August 2020

Der Artikel behandlt Kult und Funktion byzantinischer Stadttorikonen und stutzt sich auf Quellentexte und die ikonographische Uberlieferung, wie zum Beispiel das Abbild des Christus Chalkites, das Mandylion, Darstellungen, die in Kontantinopel, Antiochia, Alexandria, und anderen Stadten der Orthodoxie verehrt wurden. Das angefuhrte Quellenmaterial belegt eindeutig das Vorhandensein von terartigen Ikonen schon fur die Halfte des 5. Jahrhunderts.
Epifaniusz z Salaminy, Pisma przeciw obrazom (Libellus contra imagines; Epistula ad Theodosium imperatorem; Testamentum ad cives; Epistula dogmatica, CPG 3749-3752).
Authors: Longosz Stanisław , Dylewska Maria Magdalena
Published: August 2020

tłumaczenie
Św. Izydor z Sewilli, O winorośli (Etymologiae XVII 5: De vitibus)
Authors: Krynicka Tatiana
Published: August 2020

tłumaczenie
Jean Daniélou SJ, Teologia judeochrześcijańska. Historia doktryn chrześcijańskich przed Soborem Nicejskim, tłum. ks. Stanisław Basista, Myśl Teologiczna 39, Kraków 2002, Wydawnictwo WAM, ss. 483.
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: August 2020

recenzja
David Rokéah, Justin Martyr and the Jews, Leiden - Boston - Koln 2002, Brill, ss. 157
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Timothy J. Horner, Listening to Trypho. Justin Martyr’s Dialogue reconsidered, Leuven 2001, wyd. Peeters, ss. 222.
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Ks. Mariusz Szram, Duchowy sens liczb w alegorycznej egzegezie aleksandryjskiej (II-V w.), Lublin 2001, Redakcja Wydawnictw KUL, ss. 470.
Authors: Wojtczak-Szyszkowski Jerzy
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Ks. Norbert Widok, Physis w pismach Grzegorza z Nazjanzu. Studium z teologii patrystycznej, Opole 2001, Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego UO, ss. 303
Authors: Wojtczak-Szyszkowski Jerzy
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Święty Augustyn, Pisma o małżeństwie i dziewictwie, przekład i komentarz zbiorowy, redakcja i wprowadzenie ks. A. Eckmann, Źródła i monografie TN KUL 245, Lublin 2003, Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego KUL, ss. 392
Authors: Pyka Marta
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Alfons Fűrst, Hieronymus. Askese und Wissenschaft in der Spätantike, Freiburg in Breisgau 2003, Herder, ss. 335.
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Jerzy Zbigniew Lachowicz, La mujer en la vida y el pensamiento de San Gregorio Magno (540-604). Tesis de doctorado, Pamplona 2000, Universidad de Navarra. Facultad de Teologia, ss. 512.
Authors: Dziuba Andrzej Franciszek
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Brian Daley SJ, The Hope of the Early Church. A handbook of patristic Eschatology, Peabody Mass. 2003, Hendrickson Publishers, ss. XIV + 303
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński, polski, układ i opracowanie ks. Arkadiusz Baron - ks. Henryk Pietras SJ, Wydawnictwo WAM, t. 1: 325-787, ŹMT 24, Kraków 2001, ss. 400; t. 2: 869-1312, ŹMT 26, Kraków 2002, ss. 680.
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Stephan Weninger, Ge'ez. Classical Ethiopic, Languages of the World-Materials 01, München - Newcastle 1993, ss. 50.
Authors: Woźniak Jerzy
Published: August 2020

recenzja
Laikat w starożytności chrześcijańskiej (Materiały bibliograficzne)
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: August 2020

bibliografia
Didache. Nauka Dwunastu Apostołów (Bibliografia 1883-2000)
Authors: Niedźwiecki Wojciech
Published: August 2020

bibliografia
Polska bibliografia antyku chrześcijańskiego 2002
Authors: Naumowicz Józef , Longosz Stanisław
Published: August 2020

bibliografia
Wykaz prac dyplomowych z antyku chrześcijańskiego ukończonych w niektórych polskich ośrodkach naukowych w 2002 roku
Authors: Longosz Stanisław
Published: August 2020

bibliografia
Hierarchical Epidemic Risk Modeling of Spreading New COVID-19 Coronavirus
Authors: Cherkashin A. K.
Published: August 2020

The subject of the research are a multi-level study of the territorial characteristics of emergency situations, analysis of operational information, and risk management of various origins. A topic model of the current COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic process have been developed in terms of reliability theory. The model is based on the methods of parametric hierarchical and variational modeling, which takes into account the similarity of exponential functions of the relationship between the parameters of the situation at different organizational levels.

The objective of the work is to identify the characteristics of the reaction of the population of different countries to anti-epidemic measures of public risk management.

The research methods are based on information technology for designing and approximating curves and surfaces with functions of various complexity, which is implemented by means of fractal parametric modeling of spatial objects and allows you to create new graphical confi gurations by varying the parameters and functions of their connections. Calculations are performed in variables that are biased relative to the environmental values, which makes it possible to take into account the territorial specifi cs of managing the parameters of the failure rate (risk of disease). In comparative statistical analysis, the advantage of this modeling is related to the relativity of reliability indicators, which makes it possible to eliminate country-specific features of epidemiological data collection. The complexity of hierarchical models is expressed in the multiplicity of embedding (superposition) of exponential functions. The model of the epidemic does not regulate the intensity of infection (disease risk), but reduces the acceptable risk of infection by organizational pressure on the magnitude of this risk. The effectiveness of the impact is assessed by the values of stable manageability indicators, which is individual for each territory. The Chinese authorities demonstrated high manageability of the population's behavior in the conditions of the beginning of the epidemic. The average manageability level is typical for Western countries with similar trends in the development of the pandemic. Russian society has shown low manageability with a high degree of state readiness to fight the pandemic.
Methods for Assessing the Socio-Economic Signifi cance of Measures Aimed at Improving the Protection of the Population and Territories from Emergency Situations
Authors: Malyshev V. P.
Published: August 2020

In this article, based on a systematic analysis of modern methods for analyzing the risk of emergency situations, methods are proposed for assessing the socio-economic significance of measures aimed at improving the protection of the population and territories from emergencies. New approaches to the selection of measures aimed at improving the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations using target indicators for assessing their effectiveness are considered.
RUA Method. Method for Ensuring the Safety of Work for Chemical and Petrochemical Industries
Authors: Belov M. S.
Published: August 2020

In order to assess the risks and determine the optimal actions to ensure the safety of work at chemical and petrochemical plants, a method has been developed that allows identifying operations that require optimization and the introduction of additional protective measures. A brief overview of the key factors that affect the safety and effectiveness of operations is provided. The method is based on the concept of zero injuries — Vision Zero, which assumes that absolutely all accidents at work can be prevented. This method is necessary for a deeper analysis of production operations and improving the level of safety protection.
Organizational Risk-Management Perspectives from the General Systems Theory Point of View
Authors: Sachenko L. A.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this work is to identify possible ways of organizational risk management development as part of the evolution of the planetary socio-ecological system (socio-ecosystem). For this purpose, the planetary socio-ecosystem was considered as an object from the point of view of the general theory of systems. It was shown that the deviation of this system from the stationary state, which is accompanied by sharp fluctuations and bifurcations, leads to the need to adapt the risk management activity in organizations to external conditions. As a result of the analysis, two perspective directions for the development of risk management in organizations where identifi ed. The first direction is based on the method of reducing external risks by controlled influence on the parameters of the planetary system. The general theory of systems states that a controlled approximation of a system to a stationary state is possible by self-organization of system`s elements. Based on research on the economy of common resources and the representation of organizations as elements of the planetary socio-ecosystem, as well as on the analysis of recent international trends in achieving sustainable development, a conclusion about the relevance of organizations ‘ participation in cooperative activities and self-organization in terms of external risk management was made. In order to assist organizations in conducting activities in the bifurcation area the second perspective direction of the risk management development — the concept of resilience — was considered and proposed for practical usage. Expanding the current practice of risk management in organizations to the proposed areas will ensure the appropriate level of adaptability and stability of organizations in relation to the high dynamics of external risks.
Risk Passport as an Operational Measure for Integrated Risk Management
Authors: Stepkin R. M. , Golubyatnikova Yu. Yu. , Botalova M. E.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the essence of the risk from transport companies and the internal affairs authorities in transport, where special attention is paid to the specifics of their activities. Thus, the main difference of risk in enterprises is the possibility of obtaining a loss or profit from the implementation of a planned action or decision, and in the activities of the internal affairs of transport in the likelihood of non-compliance with law enforcement and crime against property in rail, air, sea (river) transport. Transport risks are identified in the operation of both transport companies and the transport police to prevent crimes against property. Their performance depends on the management of transport risks. The classification of transport risk we consider smore at the risk of loss or damage to cargo. For operational risk management, the concept of risk passport is introduced and the passport of the risk of theft is considered here, which represents a set of information about the risk area, risk criteria, as well as instructions on the use of the necessary methods to manage or minimize risk. Graphic image of passport theft risk makes it possible to visually summarize all information about this risk. The modern concept of risk management treats risks comprehensively, such a direction has been called integrated risk management. The algorithm we have introduced to apply an integrated risk management system to traffic police using a risk passport includes the following blocks: analysis of incoming information about criminal assaults on the result of risk detection over a set period of time using risk management soft ware; the identifi ed risk is analyzed by managers who determine its level (risk-free, acceptable, critical and catastrophic levels); depending on the level, risk management activities are offered.
On the Risks Associated With the Pandemic of Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Bykov A. A.
Published: August 2020

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Organizational Culture in the Focus of Improving Risk Management in the Enterprise
Authors: Kachalov R. M. , Sleptsova Yu. A.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the manifestations of the phenomenon of economic risk in the socioeconomic ecosystems of industrial enterprises, examines and differentiates the pragmatic and cultural aspects of the concept of "economic risk management". In terms of methodology, the study is based on the operational theory of risk management, and also uses tools to describe the organizational culture of risk management. Pragmatic and cultural differences in the characteristics of economic risk are identified at the level of stable forms of management activity with the involvement of the main provisions of the operational theory of risk management. The phenomenon of risk is considered in the ontological space as an artificial category of activity of industrial enterprises and other economic agents that form a socio-economic ecosystem. This phenomenon is studied as a specific form of social communication associated with the desire to assess the uncertain future in the present time, mainly from the point of view of analysis and management of the level of economic risk in the enterprise.
Verse Search System for Sound Differences in the Qur’an Based on the Text of Phonetic Similarities
Authors: Octavia Agni , Bijaksana Moch Arif , Lhaksmana Kemas Muslim
Published: August 2020

Al-Qur'an has a lot of content, so the system of searching for verses of the Al-Qur’an is needed because if it is done manually it will be difficult. One of the search systems for the verses of the Al-Qur'an in accordance with Indonesia’s pronunciation is Lafzi. The Lafzi system can search for verse fragments using keywords in Latin characters. Lafzi has been developed into Lafzi +, wherein the Lafzi + system can be used to search verses of the Al-Qur’an with different sounds on stop signs. However, the Lafzi+ can only overcome the difference in the sound of the stop sign and cannot be applied throughout Al-Qur’an. Based on these problems, the system needs to be developed to overcome the differences in sound in the middle of the verse and can be applied throughout the Al-Qur’an. The method used in the process of searching for the verse is the N-gram method. The N-gram used in this research is trigram. The process flow of this system is first normalized in the phonetic coding process after normalized then tokenization of trigrams and then trigrams are matched between the query and the corpus and entered into the ranking process to get an output candidate. In the making process, the LIS (Longest Increasing Subsequence) method is used to get an orderly and strict trigram sequence. The highest order score will be the top output. The results of this study obtained a recall value of 100% and MAP of 87%.
“Pemalang pusere Jawa“: A City Branding Model in Promoting Tourism Destination of Pemalang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Riska , Nurmandi Achmad , Salahudin Salahudin , Dewi Dian Suluh Kusuma
Published: August 2020

This research aims to analyze the City Branding model “Pemalang pusere Jawa” in Pemalang Regency, which focuses on the strategy of the Government to develop a new brand of Pemalang. “Pemalang pusere Jawa” has shown an impact on increasing tourism in Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia. The Government supports the success of the City Branding program, and the people involved in the program, stakeholders, and culture, to boost tourism, which will have an impact on the economic sector and increase tourism significantly. Data were analyzed using the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) approach in qualitative research that defines and explains distribution characteristics. The data were collected through interviews with six key informants who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Document studies were also conducted to support data analysis. This research uses the NVivo 12 Plus application to analyze data consisting of Concept Maps, Group Analysis, and Cluster Analysis. There are three points found in this study, consisting of 1) Program; the program is based on Pemalang Regent Regulation Number 27/2017 Article 7 concerning Utilization and Implementation of the City Branding Logo. The branding “Pemalang pusere Jawa” was launched in 2016 and the Visit Pemalang application is used to assist tourists in exploring tourism in Pemalang or known as a tour guide application. A Visit Pemalang application makes users easier to find tourism sites in Pemalang Regency by displaying the distance from the users’ location to the destination. 2) Partnership; this program is supported by infrastructure stakeholders consisting of the Planalogy Team, the Architect Team, and the Economic Development Expert Team. Program implementation involves the Government and the Community. 3) Culture; various annual events are held as an effort to preserve culture in Pemalang such as “Festival Wong Gunung” and other annual events. Community involvement in the implementation of City Branding is one of the success factors of the program.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Lingkungan terhadap Minat Berwirausaha pada Mahasiswa STIM Pase Langsa
Authors: Said Yunus  , Karnelis  , Amirullah  , Zulkarnain
Published: August 2020

Tujuan  Penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk  mengetahui  pengaruh  motivasi  dan

lingkungan terhadap minat berwirausaha pada mahasiswa STIM Pase Langsa. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 33 responden dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Metode analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji persamaan regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji statistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi dan lingkungan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha pada mahasiswa STIM Pase Langsa. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) diperoleh sebesar  51,2%  motivasi  dan  lingkungan  dapat  menjelaskan  minat berwirausaha pada mahasiswa STIM Pase Langsa.
Pengaruh Emergency Remote Learning Untuk Melihat Motivasi Belajar Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Fitri Mardi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK : Kepesatan perkembangan teknologi berdampak pada sitem pembelajaran termasuk pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh emergency remote learning terhadap motivasi belajar anak usia dini. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kajian literatur. Berbagai literatur tentang pembelajaran daring dihimpun dalam penelitian ini. Temuan penilitian ini yaitu, pembelajaran daring sebenarnya  dapat  membangkitkan motivasi  belajar  anak  dengan  syarat adanya dukungan dari orangtua dan pendidik, pemanfaatan media seperti  zoom  dan  lainnya  diperlukan untuk membuat pembelajaran agar lebih menarik dan pemanfaatan teknologi belajar  dalam  pendidikan  tidak  dapat  dilepaskan,  maka  perlu  adaptasi antara orangtua, peserta didik dan pendidik dalam pembelajaran daring. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengetahuan tentang dampak pembelajaran daring terhadap motivasi belajar anak usia dini. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah agar melakukan penelitian eksperimen dan penelitian tindakan kelas untuk mengetahui dampak langsung dari pembelajaran daring.
ABSTRACT : The rapidity of technological development has an impact on the learning system, including early childhood. This study aims to determine the effect of emergency remote learning on early childhood learning motivation. The research method used literature review research. Various literatures on online learning were collected in this study. The findings of this study are, first, online learning can actually arouse children's learning motivation on the condition that there is support from parents and educators. Second, the use of media such as zoom and others is needed to make learning more interesting. Third, the use of learning technology in education cannot be separated, it is necessary to adapt between parents, students and educators in online learning. The results of this study contribute to knowledge about the impact of online learning on early childhood learning motivation. The recommendation for further research is to carry out experimental research and classroom action research to determine the direct impact of online learning.
Kegiatan Montase Sebagai Upaya Mengembangkan Motorik Halus di Kelompok Bermain
Authors: Karela Yesi , Iswantiningtyas Veny , Kurniawati Epritha
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK : Berdasarkan hasi pengamatan di lapangan terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak di kelompok bermain belum berkembang optimal, oleh sebab itu diperlu dilakukan kegiatan montase dalam proses pembelajaran. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok bermain melalui kegiatan montase. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subyeknya  anak kelompok bermain PKK Pamongan II Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri pada semester II tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 18 anak didik yang terdiri dari 7 anak perempuan dan 11 anak laki-laki. Untuk menggumpulkan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan dokumentasi dan observasi. Penelitian ini masih sampai pada tahap perencanaan yaitu menyusun RPPM, RPPH, lembar penilaian motorik halus. Semua perangkat tersebut sudah divalidasi oleh ahli dan dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk mengembangkan motorik halus.
ABSTRACT : Fine motor skills are abilities that need to be developed in early childhood. On the other hand, montage games have an attraction to be included in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of montage activities in developing fine motor skills in early childhood. This research method uses classroom action research with the subjects of the PKK Pamongan II playgroup, Mojo District, Kediri Regency in the second semester of the 2019/2020 academic year, totaling 18 students consisting of 7 girls and 11 boys. To collect data in this study using documentation and observation. This research is still at the planning stage, namely compiling RPPM, RPPH, fine motor assessment sheets. All of these tools have been validated by experts and declared fit for use to develop fine motor skills. The recommendation forexperimental research.
Relations of Food Pattern and Physical Activity with Academic Achievement and Cognitive Function
Authors: Wulandari Ayu , Lubis Zulhaida , Aritonang Evawani
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The results of the initial survey showed that there were seven children with low food pattern and moderate physical activity was having a cognitive function and low academic achievement at school, and three children with good food pattern and moderate physical activity were having good cognitive and high academic achievement in school. This study was to determine the relations of food patterns and physical activity with academic achievement and cognitive function.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Elementary School 2 Blangkeujeren, West Labuhanhaji Sub-district, South Aceh District from March 2017 to June 2017. This study used a total sampling design is 81 students. Subjects are all students in grade five (42 students) and six (39 students). Data were collected by using questionnaires include Food Frequency Questionary (FFQ), Food Recall 24 hours, Physical Activity Level (PAL). Last year's report card value and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive children.

Results: The relationship between the type and the amount of macro and micronutrient intake obtained p-value<0.05. This study also showed a relationship between food patterns and cognitive function in children. Based on the research results, there is a relationship between physical activity and academic achievement (p<0.05). There is a relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in children.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between food patterns, physical activity, academic achievement, and cognitive function.
Profile of Minimal and Non-Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jafar Muh. Alfian , Rauf Syarifuddin , Daud Dasril
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common kidney disease in children. Histopathological features classify the disease into minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and non-minimal change nephrotic syndrome (NMCNS). Clinical and laboratory characteristics are considered to be useful in estimating the underlying pathological changes. This study aimed to assess the spectrum of clinical and laboratory profiles in children suffering from MCNS and NMCNS.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using medical records of patients hospitalized at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central General Hospital and Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital from January 2016 to August 2018.  Subjects were classified into MCNS and NMCNS groups and evaluated for age, sex, hypertension, degree of edema, degree of hematuria, proteinuria level, cholesterol level, albumin level, urea level, and creatinine level. Data were analyzed by using chi-square, fisher's exact test Mann Whitney analysis, multivariate by logistic multiple regression analysis, and diagnostic test.

Results: Of the 36 subjects enrolled, 10 (27.8%) had MCNS, and 26 (72.2%) had NMCNS. Bivariate analysis showed significant differences in hypertension (p=0.020; OR=12.3; 95% CI 1.35-111.61) and hematuria (p=0.018; OR=7.7 ; 95% CI 1.52-39.75). Multivariate analysis indicated that only hematuria is a significant predictor (p=0.014; OR=7.778; 95% CI 1.522 – 39.754). The diagnostic test of NMCNS showed hematuria sensitivity at 77% and specificity at 70% with a positive predictive value of 87% and a negative predictive value of 46%.

Conclusion: Our study showed that hematuria is a sensitive predictor of NMCNS.
Stämmer det att eleverna förlorar sitt intresse för naturvetenskap på högstadiet?
Authors: Karlström Matti
Published: August 2020

”Elever förlorar sitt intresse både för innehållet och det som görs i det naturvetenskapliga klassrummet när de kommer upp på högstadiet.” Detta är en sanning för många lärare och forskare. Per Anderhag och hans kollegor har valt att undersöka denna föreställning och presenterar ett resultat som tvingar oss till ett perspektivbyte.