bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYCLIC AMP‐DEPENDENT PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION OF PIG EPIDERMAL HOMOGENATES
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Umeda Katsuko , Kato Naoko , Koizumi Hiroko , Nemoto Osamu , Kobayashi Hitoshi , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

There are four independent stimulators (epinephrine, histamine, adenosine and prostaglandin E) of the adenylate cyclase receptor on the epidermal cell surface, all of which increase intracellular cyclic AMP. These stimulators and db‐cAMP inhibit epidermal cell proliferation and promote epidermal cell differentiation, although conflicting effects have been reported in pure epidermal cell culture systems. In order to elucidate the physiological roles of cyclic AMP in epidermal cells, endogenous protein phosphorylation of pig epidermal homogenates was studied. The autoradiographic analysis by SDS‐PAGE demonstrated that cyclic AMP (10 μM) stimulated the phosphorylation of several epidermal proteins. One group of these endogenous substrates were keratinous proteins. These phosphoproteins were dephosphorylated by chelating Mg2+ with EDTA. The addition of unlabeled ATP diminished the intensity of phosphoprotein bands.

These results indicate that pig epidermal homogenates have cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase and that some endogenous substrates were keratinous proteins.
LUPUS BAND TEST IN NEW ZEALAND MICE AND MRL MICE
Authors: Furukawa Fukumi , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: April 2015

The results of the lupus band test (LBT) in New Zealand mice and MRL mice were reported. In NZB × NZW (B/W) F1 mice, the deposition of immunoglobulin at the dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ) was first observed in some mice at the age of six months and all were positive by the age of twelve months. A regional comparative study of LBT showed that the tail had the highest incidence. The deposition was in a granular or confluent pattern. In some of MRL‐lpr/lpr mice, LBT was positive at the age of two months and showed 90–100% positivity at over five months. The deposition revealed a confluent pattern with focal variation in density. In both strains the deposition of Ig G1 at DEJ was most frequently demonstrated and circulating anti‐basement membrane antibodies were not observed.

We discussed the similarities and differences between murine LBT and human LBT.
ANALYSIS OF THE LIPIDS FROM THE CONTENTS OF AN EPIDERMAL CYST
Authors: Otsuka Fujio , Kukita Atsushi , Seyama Yousuke , Yamakawa Tamio
Published: April 2015

The lipids from the contents of an epidermal cyst were analysed quantitatively. Cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, free fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramide and some phospholipids were determined.

Fatty acid components of some lipids (cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, free fatty acids and ceramide) were also analysed. The fatty acid component of ceramide included a high proportion of long chain fatty acids. The fatty acid portion of cholesteryl ester contained a relatively larger proportion of odd numbered, straight chained monoenes (C17:1 etc), which were also found in ceramide at a lower concentration. The odd numbered monoene, C17:1 in which the double bond is located at Δ9, was considered to be an intrinsic component of epidermal cyst contents.

The lipid pattern and fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the contents from an epidermal cyst were similar to those of the human epidermal corneum.
TICK BITES: A STUDY USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Aoki Kiyoko , Mori Makusu , Kamata Hideaki , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: April 2015

A 14‐year‐old girl was visiting Karuizawa when a tick attached itself to her right upper chest. A purple‐red lesion was induced near the base of the neck. In the center of it, small black particles, the remains of the tick, were present. The tick was identified as an adult female Ixodes ovatus.

Light microscopy: In the dermis near the area where the tick had attached itself, perivascular and periadnexal cellular infiltrations were observed, mainly lymphocytes and neutrophils.

Scanning electron microscopy: Parts of the capitulum could be observed on the surface of the skin. The hypostome with its sharp denticles had been inserted from above through the epidermis into the dermis. A cement‐like substance, suggesting a secretion, was observed on the dorsal hypostome. An intact Ixodes ovatus was also examined by scanning electron microscopy for comparison.

The present study has probably produced the very first clear visual demonstration of the tick's secretion flow pattern and effect on the surrounding tissue.
CONJUGATION OF SOME PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH AMINO GROUPS AND RELATED SENSITIZATION POTENCY
Authors: Osamura Hiromi , Takeuchi Yoshio , Urayama Tsutomu , Itoh Masatoshi , Ishihara Masaru
Published: April 2015

The conjugation of some phenolic compounds with ten dansyl amino acids was examined and the results indicated the importance of conjugation with the lysine residue.

The conjugation of phenolic compounds with monodansyl cadaverine and cadaverine was also studied. The results obtained by these in vitro tests correlated well with those of animal sensitization tests and patch tests on patients with contact dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AFTER THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF RETINOID IN THE HORNY LAYER OF PATIENTS WITH KERATINIZATION DISORDERS
Authors: Yoshiike Takashi , Negi Makoto , Manabe Motomu , Takamori Kenji , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

Four cases with keratinization disorders were treated with aromatic retinoid (Ro 10‐9359), with resulting clinical improvement. Horny layers from these patients were obtained before and after treatment, and fractionated into keratin fibers, soluble proteins, and membraneous fractions. These were studied using SDS gel electrophoresis and amino‐acid analysis, and a comparison was made between the findings before and after retinoid administration. Membraneous fractions from diseased horny layers contained abnormal amino acid compositions, in particular, reduced half‐cystine and proline residues, which tended to become normalized after the treatment with retinoid. Normalization of keratin fibers and soluble fractions was not as obvious on SDS gel electrophoresis.
CELL KINETIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF DTIC COMBINED WITH FLUORESCENT LIGHT OR UVA IRRADIATION ON HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE (SEKI, II)
Authors: Shimada Shinji , Kawashima Makoto , Watanabe Shinichi , Yamada Kiyoshi , Mizoguchi Masako , Hori Yoshiaki , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

The effectiveness of DTIC (5‐(3.3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno) imidazole‐4‐carboxamide) against a human malignant melanoma cell line (SEKI, II) was investigated with the additional use of fluorescent light and long wave ultraviolet irradiation. The cell cycle phase distribution of cultured melanoma cells exposed to DTIC (10 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) was analyzed by means of flow‐cytometry (ICP type 11). The cytostatic effect of DTIC was observed at a concentration higher than 10 μg/ml in standard culture. Remarkable enhancement of the effect of DTIC was observed in both fluorescent light and ultraviolet irradiation. The most prominent change in cell cycle phase occurred in the group treated with DTIC 100 μg/ml with fluorescent light. S phase prolongation was shown in early stages (6, 12 hours), and then G2M phase accumulation was observed in late stages (48 hours). In ultraviolet irradiation groups, enhancement of the cytocidal effect of DTIC was observed 12 hours after irradiation. The death of all of the cells was observed in the DTIC 10 μg/ml + UVA 3 joules/cm2 and the DTIC 100 μg/ml + UVA 1 joule/cm2 groups. DTIC with UVA irradiation may be used for the treatment of cutaneous malignant tumors.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BASAL CELL EPITHELIOMA IN THE JAPANESE
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Kitoh Masato , Kuriya Norikazu
Published: April 2015

Clinicopathological and statistical studies were made on one hundred and fifty‐six Japanese cases of basal cell epithelioma. A new formula was presented for the calculation of the growth rate of BCE, as follows,

Size of tumor (major axis × minor axis) (mm2) = 1.7363 × T2 + 133.1192

T = Years which had elapsed from the presumed time of onset to the time of the first examination

The yearly growth in diameter calculated from the above formula is less than 1.0 mm within ten years after onset, and 1.0 mm to 1.3 mm thereafter. The time needed for BCE to double its size averaged 8.8 years in the present study.

In addition to the slow rate of progression, BCE in the Japanese was characterized by its pigmentation; 84% were either partially or totally pigmented, giving the BCE the so‐called black and pearly appearance.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN ADULT T CELL LEUKEMIA
Authors: Iizuka Hajime , Ohkawara Akira , Koizumi Hiroko , Aoyagi Takashi , Miura Yusho , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Wakisaka Akemi
Published: April 2015

Increased adenosine deaminase activity was observed in peripheral lymphocytes from a patient with adult T cell leukemia. Gel filtration pattern on a Sephadex G‐150 revealed that the enzyme from normal lymphocytes existed in two forms with different molecular weights (large and small), whereas the enzyme from the patient existed solely as the small molecular weight form. Comparison of this small form adenosine deaminase from the patient with that from normal controls revealed that both enzymes were quite similar in relative substrate specificity, Km values for adenosine, pH optima, heat stability pattern, and sensitivity to inhibition by coformycin, a tight binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. Increased adenosine deaminase activity and the lack of the large form of the enzyme might be significant features of adult T cell leukemia lymphocytes.
LOCALIZATION AND POSSIBLE ACTIVATION MECHANISMS OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE IN THE SKIN
Authors: Negi Makoto
Published: April 2015

The activity of transglutaminase per unit of wet weight, dry weight, soluble protein, and DNA was determined in three fractions (stratum corneum, malpighii, and dermis) of cow snout skin. The stratum corneum showed the highest enzyme activity among these three fractions.

The activity of transglutaminase in the stratum malpighii was ehhanced remarkably by a 36 hour preincubation period at pH 4.5, but the activity in the stratum corneum did not show any increase in enzyme activity under acidic conditions. This ehhancement of enzyme activity was inhibited by pepstatin (100 μg/ml) and chymostatin (100 μg/ml).

Relatively high activities of lysosomal enzymes such as β‐glucuronidase, cathepsin B1, and cathepsin D were detected in the stratum malpighii fraction, but these enzyme activities were low in the stratum corneum fraction.

To further clarify the nature and activation systems of transglutaminase from stratum corneum and malpighii, transglutaminase solutions with the same activity were prepared from the two layers. Then the same amount of cathepsin D in the crude malpighian transglutaminase solution was added in the crude transglutaminase solution of stratum corneum. Following incubation, the transglutaminase activity of stratum corneum became elevated to the same level of enzyme activity as that of the stratum malpighii. These results suggest the importance of cathepsin D in the activation system of transglutaminase and possible activation machanisms of epidermal transglutaminase in vivo. Transglutaminase in the stratum malpighii may exist in a nonactivated form. During the autolytic stages in the stratum granulosum, a small amount of this nonactivated transglutaminase may be activated by released lysosomal acid proteinases such as cathepsin B1 and cathepsin D. Thereafter, activated transglutaminase could catalyze the formations of ε‐(γ‐glutamyl) lysine cross‐linking in the proteins synthesized in the cytosol of keratinizing cells with ultimate transformation to the membrane‐lining protein, the so‐called marginal band.

In addition, most of the transglutaminase in the stratum corneum may still remain in a nonactivated form, since cathepsin D like enzymes may possibly be inactivated or degraded in the stratum corneum in vivo.
EXAMINATION OF SOME PROPERTIES OF DERMATOPHYTES FOR LONG‐TERM PRESERVATION USING PERIODIC TRANSFER METHOD
Authors: Kinbara Takeshi , Mashimo Masami , Fukushiro Ryoichi
Published: April 2015

Seventy‐two strains from species of dermatophytes which had been transferred periodically on Sabouraud's dextrose agar for more than ten years were examined for their morphology, physiological activities and biological properties.

Of 42 strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 17 (40.4%) were positive for pigment production on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. In mating experiments, 15 (79%) of 19 strains tested were compatible with Arthroderma simii and proved to be of the “—” mating type. Eight (67%) of 12 strains in the Microsporum gypseum complex were positive for macroconidium formation. In mating experiments, 4 of 12 strains proved to be Nannizzia gypsea of the “+” type, 3 to be of the “—” type, and one to be N. incurvata of the “—” type.

Most of the 18 strains in the T. mentagrophytes complex and M. canis have been maintained with alterations.
VARIOUS CELLULAR ACTIVITIES OF THE OUTGROWING EPIDERMIS IN PIG SKIN EXPLANT CULTURE—THE EFFECTS OF METABOLIC INHIBITORS
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Umeda Katsuko , Kato Naoko , Fukaya Toru , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

The effects of metabolic inhibitors on the outgrowing epidermis were studied to detect the various cellular activities of epidermal cells. Hydroxyurea significantly inhibited mitosis and 3H‐thymidine uptake, but the inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea on the rate of epidermal outgrowth was less remarkable. On the other hand, cytochalasin B significantly inhibited the rate of epidermal outgrowth but did not inhibit mitosis or 3H‐thymidine uptake. The overall results indicate that there are several cellular activities such as migration and proliferation in the outgrowing epidermis in vitro.
NON‐HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA SIMULATING ERYTHEMA NODOSUM
Authors: Sato Akihiko , Mikami Masatsugu , Konno Hidehiko , Usuba Makoto
Published: April 2015

Two cases of malignant lymphoma whose initial clinical presentations simulated unilateral erythema nodosum on the leg are reported. In one case, the first diagnosis was in error, while, in the other, the diagnosis was confirmed by the histology. The patients later developed widespread malignant lymphoma. An increased awareness of this symptomology in patients with malignant lymphoma may lead to earlier diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF HERPETIC DISEASE BY THE PARKER INK METHOD
Authors: Saruta Takao
Published: April 2015

In place of the Giemsa method hitherto used in cytology for viral diseases, we applied a method using Parker Ink to herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and chicken pox infected tissues and found that this method is capable of detecting viral giant cells more easily and rapidly than the Giemsa method.

Thus it was concluded that this method is useful in the rapid differential diagnosis of herpetic diseases otherwise difficult to diagnose clinically and can be used in the field of dermatology as easily as the caustic potash method is used as a fungal test.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT KERATIN FROM HUMAN PLANTAR STRATUM CORNEUM
Authors: Hosokawa Michiko , Masu Shinichi
Published: April 2015

Keratin subunits of 64K, 53K, and 43K M.W. from human plantar stratum corneum fibrous proteins were isolated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the antiserum against each keratin was prepared from rabbits. During indirect immunofluorescence studies of the normal skin, the whole epidermis stained positively with anti‐64K keratin antiserum (64K antiserum), but the positive staining of the basal layer diminished with the dilution of the antiserum. A similar staining pattern was observed with 53K antiserum, although the diminished staining of the basal layer was much less obvious than that with 64K antiserum. In contrast, 43K keratin was distributed throughout the whole epidermis including the basal layer, and no diminished staining with dilution of the antiserum was observed. These results suggest that an immunofluorescence technique using anti‐large M.W. keratin antisera, especially 64K antiserum with a certain degree of dilution, could be used to study the differentiated cells of the epidermis.

DEAE‐cellulose column chromatography of keratins revealed that 64K keratin, along with some of the smaller M.W. keratins, was eluted at a low concentration of KCl and could be separated from most of the smaller M.W. keratins, which were eluted at higher concentrations of KCl. In the first process of stratum corneum fibrous protein extraction, 64K protein was observed to be extracted with neutral Tris‐HCl buffer. This protein was found to be immuno‐reactive with the antiserum to 64K keratin which had been extracted with Tris‐HCl buffer containing urea and mercaptoethanol. It is suggested that the biochemical properties of large M.W. keratin are somewhat different from those of smaller M.W. keratins.
EFFECTS OF CALCIUM AND CALCIUM‐IONOPHORE ON THE OUTGROWING EPIDERMIS —POSSIBLE ACTIVATION OF EPIDERMAL PHOSPHOLIPASE A2—
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Umeda Katsuko , Kato Naoko , Adachi Riri , Fukaya Toru , Nemoto Osamu , Kobayashi Hitoshi , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Using an in vitro explant culture system of pig skin, the effects of calcium and calcium‐ionophore on the outgrowing epidermis were studied. The optimum concentration of calcium on the rates of epidermal outgrowth was 1.0 mM and that of mitosis was around 1.2 mM. Ionophore A23187 (Ionophore) significantly stimulated both the rates of epidermal outgrowth and the mitosis of the outgrowing epidermis. This stimulation was partially blocked by the addition of hydrocortisone.

The cyclo‐oxygenation products, prostaglandins, failed to stimulate the rate of epidermal outgrowth. It appeared that the stimulatory effect of Ionophore on the outgrowing epidermis was due either to the activation of phospholipase A2 or to the activation of the lipoxygenase pathway.
STUDIES OF CELL AND ORGAN CULTURE OF PSORIATIC AND NORMAL EPIDERMIS IN VITRO
Authors: Nakayama Juichiro , Yasumoto Shigeru , Takagi Yasuyuki , Nagae Shonosuke , Yashima Yutaka , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

Involved and noninvolved epidermis from 15 psoriatic patients, and epidermis from 12 normal individuals were grown under various conditions in vitro as cell and organ cultures. In the organ cultures of normal or noninvolved psoriatic skin, epidermal cells migrated around the dermis and differentiated. In psoriatic organ cultures, progressive necrotic changes were observed in the spinous cells including gradual detachment of the spinous layer from the dermis. In spite of these necrotic changes, newly‐grown basal cells which appeared on the dermal tissue in the 9 to 12‐day psoriatic explants clearly incorporated 3H‐thymidine into nuclear DNA. By electron microscopy these cells were observed to have numerous ribosomes, a few mitochondria, tonofilament‐like structures in the cytoplasm, and no hemi‐desmosomes. Dissociated epidermal cells from the involved psoriatic skin failed to grow on plastic dishes. When these cells were plated on dishes coated with increasing amounts of collagen, the rate of cellular attachment was proportional to the thickness of the collagen coating, but they were unable to grow and form epidermal monolayers. In contrast, normal and noninvolved psoriatic epidermal cells attached to the dishes regardless of the presence of collagen and formed differentiated epidermal monolayers.
LOW‐TITER AGGLUTININS TO SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII IN NONSPOROTRICHOTIC HUMAN AND ANIMAL SERA
Authors: Ishizaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Yoichi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko
Published: April 2015

Low‐titer agglutinins to Sporothrix schenckii were demonstrated in the sera of dogs, cats, rats (Wistar), guinea pigs, hamsters, white rabbits, swine, horses, cattle, sheep, chickens, and goats as well as in the human sera of nonsporotrichotic individuals. It is hypothesized that the presence of agglutinins is due to a response to various bacteria which share common antigens with S. schenckii.
EFFECT OF SERUM ALBUMIN ON GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SYNTHETIC TISSUE CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

The effect of bovine serum albumin on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus Smith in a synthetic tissue culture medium was investigated. The growth was almost the same when the albumin was added at the concentrations below 0.01 % or over 1.0%. At concentrations of albumin from 0.01 to 1.0%, a linear correlation was seen between each doubling time and the maximum growth level on the linear scale, and the albumin concentration on the logarithmic scale. It may be that Staphylococcus aureus present on the skin easily colonize and then form suppurative lesions after accumulation of serum‐like fluid by trauma or destruction of the skin or its appendages.
THE GLYCOLIPIDS OF NORMAL HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Hamanaka Sumiko , Asagami Chidori , Nishioka Kazue , Fujita Hidesuke
Published: April 2015

Glucosylceramide (CMH), lactosylceramide (CDH), ***trihexosylceramide (CTH), Globoside I, GM3, and GD3 were detected as constituent sphingoglycolipids of normal human skin, using Unisil, DEAE‐Sephadex, Iatrobeads column chromatography, and reversed‐phase chromatography. These procedures enabled isolation of glycolipids from even small amounts of skin.
THE MESHWORK STRUCTURE OF THE DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTION AS REVEALED BY TANGENTIALLY CUT SECTIONS IN A CASE OF PILAR TUMOR OF THE SCALP–HAS THE JUNCTION MANY PORES?
Authors: Ono Tomomichi , Sakazaki Yoshikado , Mutoh Kouichiro , Mera Shuji
Published: April 2015

The dermo‐epidermal junction (parenchymal‐stromal junction) of a case of pilar tumor of the scalp was examined ultrastructurally.

Although the basal lamina showed the same picture as the normal basal lamina, there were areas which were cut tangentially.

The tangentially cut sections revealed a meshwork structure; this mesh work was related to the half desmosomes while the pores appeared to represent areas not related to the half desmosomes. The pore portions showed tumor cell components, lamina lucida, and dermal components.
ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM
Authors: Hata Seiichiro , Baba Koichi , Yabuuchi Hyakuji
Published: April 2015

An outbreak of erythema infectiosum occurred in an orphanage housing a total of 99 infants and children; 37 were affected. Attack rates were 5% in infants less than one year old, 17% in one year olds, 50% in 2 year olds, and 37% throughout the range between 0 and 5 years.

According to previous reports, large outbreaks of the disease occur in elementary schools but children of preschool age are less susceptible. We observed a high attack rate in younger children. The closed situation probably permitted the intensive contact among children needed to develop this high incidence.
AN UNUSUAL FORM OF SUTTON'S PHENOMENON
Authors: Matsubara Motoo , Maruo Michiru , Nonomura Kyoko , Inoue Yuji , Kobayashi Kazuo , Yasuno Hirokazu , Ueda Keiichi
Published: April 2015

An unusual form of “Sutton's hypomelanotic phenomenon” was found in a 37‐year‐old man who developed hypomelanosis in a naevus pigmentosus pilliferus during the course of generalized vitiligo. Depigmentation was confined, unlike the ordinary halo phenomenon, to the interfollicular epidermis, thus leaving the hypermelanosis on the follicular area (acrotrichium) where augmented basal pigmentation was confirmed by histological examination. Lymphocytic infiltration toward naevus cells was also observed. He had a positive thyroid test (x100) and microsome test (x6400), but thyroid function was within normal limits. This phenomenon is considered to be similar to Sutton's phenomenon.
ABNORMAL DNA HISTOGRAMS OF STROMA CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
Authors: Ishibashi Yasumasa , Inoue Yukiko , Takehara Kazuhiko , Kukita Atsushi , Murakami Yasufumi , Hanaoka Fumio , Yamada Masa‐Atsu
Published: April 2015

Explant cultures were attempted from the so‐called adenoma sebaceum in the face and a plaque lesion on the neck observed in three genetically related cases (three males twelve, fifteen, and 42 years old) with Pringle's disease, tuberous sclerosis. Then the DNA content of outgrown non‐epithelial cells (NEC), or stroma cells, derived from the respective tissues (10,000 nuclei and 15,000 cells) were investigated by a flow cytofluorometer.

1) DNA histograms per cell showed no remarkable differences between patients or lesions. On the other hand, 2) DNA histograms per nucleus did show certain differences. Among similar lesions, higher degrees of involvement showed more remarkable differences. 3) The NEC from the mulberry‐shaped tumor (adenoma sebaceum) showed obviously reduced peaks of 2C and 4C, and an increased width and increase in cells with their DNA content corresponding to the S‐phase. In addition, 4) there were no findings suggesting the presence of cells with excessive DNA content over 4C.
DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE CONCENTRATIONS FOR PATCH TESTING OF VARIOUS FRAGRANCE MATERIALS
Authors:   MID‐JAPAN CONTACT DERMATITIS RESEARCH GROUP
Published: April 2015

Twelve fragrance materials were patch tested on patients with various facial dermatoses at three different concentrations to determine suitable concentrations of these materials for patch testing.

The results indicate that 2% rose oil, 10% oil of bergamot, 5% jasmine absolute, 10% ylang ylang oil, 5% benzyl alcohol, 2% benzyl salicylate, 2% sandalwood oil, 2% α and β santalol, 2% isobornyl cyclohexanol, 5% hydroxycitronellal, 5% eugenol and 1% trans‐isoeugenol in white petrolatum are the optimal concentrations for testing, showing good accord with those recommended by ICDRG except for jasmine absolute, ylang ylang oil, and trans‐isoeugenol, which should be retested at concentrations lower than the range used in the present study.
MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM INFECTION OF THE SKIN IN JAPAN
Authors: Arai Hiroko , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

Based on several reviews in Japanese dermatological journals, seventy‐five cases of bacteriologically confirmed Mycobacterium marinum infection of the skin from 1969 through 1980 have been accumulated. These 75 cases accounted for 82% of all reported cases of atypical mycobacterial infections of the skin in Japan (1).

The following features were noted: Approximately half of the cases were occupationally related to fish handling; the other half occurred among fish tank hobby enthusiasts. The clinical presentation usually suggested sporotrichosis, with the majority of the skin eruptions appearing on the hand and 96 % being unilateral. Minocycline is recommended as the drug of choice.
COMPARISON OF PREKERATIN AND KERATIN MOLECULES IN HUMAN PLANTAR EPIDERMIS
Authors: Katagata Yohtaro , Aso Kazuo
Published: April 2015

Keratin and prekeratin were extracted from human plantar epidermis and carried on SDS‐PAGE. Prekeratin in the basal as well as spinous cell layer of the epidermis was composed of 6–7 bands (M.W.: about 71,000‐49,500), while keratin in the surface of stratum corneum was composed of 3–4 bands (M.W.: about 66,500–53,000), indicating molecular modulation of prekeratin during epidermal cell differentiation.

Amino acid compositions of prekeratin and keratin were similar, glycine, glutamic acid and serine being major three amino acids. Since the keratin molecule is known to be composed of a repeating amino acid sequence [Fuchs & Green: Cell, 15, 887–893 (1978)], our result indicates that the modulation of molecular weight of prekeratin during differentiation might be due to enzymatic splitting of peptides of these structures.
EPIDERMAL NUCLEAR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
Authors: Kent Lawrence T. , Hu Chung‐Hong , Michel Beno , Tan Eng M. , Moskowitz Roland W.
Published: April 2015

In sixteen patients, the relationship of epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence to the spectrum of connective tissue diseases and to serum antibodies was investigated. The clinical diagnoses were mixed connective tissue disease (7 patients), systemic lupus erythematosus (5 patients), scleroderma (3 patients) and rheumatoid arthritis (1 patient). Detailed serologic evaluation in 13 of the 16 patients revealed positive rheumatoid factor (7 patients), antinuclear antibody (13 patients), anti‐DNA (2 patients), anti‐n‐RNP (11 patients), anti‐Sm (2 patients), anti‐SS‐A (3 patients) and anti‐RANA (5 patients). Anti‐SS‐B and anti‐Scl‐70 were absent in all. Epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence on skin biopsy correlated with serum anti‐n‐RNP and is a useful marker for mixed connective tissue disease. However, it did not appear to serve as a specific marker for any one connective tissue disease. We discuss the mechanism(s) for this immunofluorescent pattern and believe it is an in vivo phenomenon.
INTRANUCLEAR TONOFILAMENTS IN A CASE OF GIANT CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA (BUSCHKE AND LOEWENSTEIN)
Authors: Hori Makoto , Hirose Ryoji , Fujita Kazuo , Toriyama Fumi , Nishimoto Katsutaro , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

Intranuclear filamentous inclusions were seen electron microscopically in a small number of cells of the granular layer in a patient with giant condylomata acuminata. These inclusions were identified as cytoplasmic tonofilaments in a keratinocyte by their electron‐dense bundles composed of fine fibers which measured about 60 angstroms in diameter, and by the lack of periodicity in these fibers.

As far as we know, such inclusions have been reported in only three cases, including the present case.

The authors suggest that the appearence of intranuclear inclusions are indicative of viral verruca cells turning to rapid proliferation and abnormal mitosis.
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Singh K.
Published: April 2015

An interesting patient of necrotizing faciitis with cardinal clinical features is described.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA WITH DINITROCHLOROBENZENE IN A PATIENT WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Hatamochi Atsushi , Ueki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

DNCB treatment was carried out in a patient with Down's syndrome suffering from alopecia uninversalis. The patient showed excellent regrowth of hair on the treated sites. DNCB treatment is considered to be an alternative for persistent refractory alopecia areata in patients with Down's syndrome.
A CASE OF MCTD WITH URTICARIA‐LIKE LESIONS
Authors: Shishiba Takako , Takehara Kazuhiko , Hasegawa Setsuo
Published: April 2015

A 39‐year‐old woman with MCTD developed urticaria‐like lesions on the arms, showing leuko‐cytoclastic angiitis histologically.
A BASAL CELL EPITHELIOMA ON ANOTHER BASAL CELL EPITHELIOMA
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Ogata Katsumi , Tajiri Akihiko
Published: April 2015

A basal cell epithelioma (BCE) apparently developed on another BCE, a hitherto undescribed condition to our knowledge. Fifteen specimens were prepared at representative planes, but there were no connections between the two tumors. In order to indirectly verify that there were two different tumors, the speed of growth was calculated; it roughly agreed with the calculation by Ono's formula, attesting to the diagnosis of BCE.
STATISTICS OF NEVI IN 3‐YEAR‐OLD JAPANESE CHILDREN
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro
Published: April 2015

A total of 1319 3‐year‐old Japanese children were examined for nevi. Moles (small nevocellular nevi) were found in 40% of those examined; blue nevi could not be found at this age. Common Mongolian spots (Mongolian spots over the back and buttocks) were found in 94.8% and aberrant Mongolian spots (Mongolian spots appearing in other areas) in 4.4%. Brown Mongolian spots, a phenomenon appearing in some of those in the disappearing phase of Mongolian spots, appeared in 15.8%. Salmon patches on the eyelids and forehead had disappeared by age 3, but some regressing strawberry marks could be observed at this age.
EFFECTS OF SERUM ALBUMIN ON COAGULASE RELEASE FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DERIVED FROM BULLOUS IMPETIGO
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

Three strains of Staphylococcus aureus derived from bullous impetigo were cultured in media either not containing or containing serum albumin. The coagulase titers in each medium were measured as a function of the cultivation time. In the early‐mid phase of growth, the coagulase titers were increased to the same degree in both media. After that, the coagulase titers were maintained at the high level in the medium containing serum albumin but decreased in the medium not containing serum albumin. It is proposed that Staphylococcus aureus strains capable of causing bullous impetigo infect the injured skin surface with accumulation of plasma‐like material, and then grow with continuous release of coagulase. Under the protection of the fibrin membranes formed by the coagulase, the bacteria are established, and then the bullous lesions are formed.
COMPARISON OF THE IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF CLOTRIMAZOLE, MICONAZOLE, ECONAZOLE AND EXALAMIDE AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF DERMATOPHYTES
Authors: Kusunoki Toshio , Harada Seiichi
Published: April 2015

The in vitro antifungal activities of clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate, econazole nitrate, and exalamide against 64 clinical isolates of various dermatophyte species obtained from out‐patients seen at the Nippon Medical School Hospital were simultaneously compared using a liquid microculture method. The rank order of activity against the 64 isolates of dermatophytes was clotrimazole > econazole nitrate > miconazole nitrate > exalamide. For a given antimycotic, the minimal inhibitory concentration was affected by the dermatophyte species.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF DYSKERATOTIC CELLS IN ACQUIRED ZINC DEFICIENCY
Authors: Hanada Katsumi , Hada Tomoko , Hashimoto Shizuo Satoh Isao , Katabira Yasuo
Published: April 2015

This paper describes the electron microscopic structure of dyskeratotic cells observed in cutaneous lesions of 3 cases with acquired zinc deficiency. Double‐zoned cytoplasm consisted of amorphous cell organelles and irregular tonofilaments occasionally containing lipid droplets and melanosomes. Small nuclei were seen in many dyskeratotic cells around the blister. Various degrees of alteration were noted in cells in erythematous lesions following the disappearance of all desmosomes. The halo formation of dyskeratotic cells with double‐zoned cytoplasm indicates an alteration in keratinocytes, which may be caused by superoxide radical anions resulting from inactivity of superoxide dismutase, a zinc‐dependent enzyme.
ESTABLISHMENT OF CELL LINES FROM HUMAN MALIGNANT MELANOMAS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL KILLER‐LIKE CYTOTOXICITY
Authors: Kondo Shigeo , Sato Norio , Sato Kumi , Hozumi Yutaka , Aso Kazuo
Published: April 2015

Two melanoma cell lines (HMY‐1 and HMY‐2) derived from two patients suffering from malignant melanomas have been established in vitro.

A study of cellular immunity was conducted, with particular attention to natural killer cell cytotoxicity mediated in vitro in one patient with melanoma (HMY‐2) using the established cell lines. During the last stages of the clinical course of the metastasized HMY‐2 patient, both autologous and allogeneic natural killer‐like cytotoxicities of her lymphocytes weakened drastically. The natural killer‐like cytotoxicity of all autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes was enhanced after their preincubation for 3 days in the presence of BCG, PPD or PHA.
THE ROLE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELLS IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Tosca A. , Varelzidis A. , Kavadda H. , Michalopoulos M. , Hatzis J. , Stratigos J.
Published: April 2015

Neutrophil cell function in psoriasis was studied through polymorphonuclear cell adherence to nylon wool, chemotaxis under agarose, and phagocytosis ofCandida albicans. Differences in PMN adherence were not found between psoriatics and controls. The chemotactic response to zymosan activated serum (ZAS) did not differ between psoriatic and normal PMNs. The psoriatic serum exhibited chemoattracting properties equal to ZAS. Psoriatic serum was shown to be chemoattracting to psoriatic and normal PMNs whereas normal serum was only to psoriatic cells. Differences in recognition mechanisms between psoriatic and normal cells are proposed. Phagocytosis ofCandidaby psoriatic PMNS was earlier and more prolonged and candidacidal activity was earlier and definetely increased at given times compared to normal PMNs. A protective role of psoriatic PMNs in Munro's microabcesses against bacterial invasion is postulated.
GUINEA PIG ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN CULTURE
Authors: Masuzawa Mikio , Suzuki Yuhsuke , Nishiyama Shigeo , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Ryan Terence J.
Published: April 2015

In pursuit of a model for the studies of endothelial cells in a readily available experimental animal, culture methods and the in vitro characteristics of endothelial cells isolated from guinea pig aorta are described. Endothelial cells were harvested by trypsinization with perfusion techniques and cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Their passage cultivation was possible for more than six months and they have maintained the in vitro morphological characteristics of endothelial cells.

The cell doubling time of the passaged endothelial cells was 115–131 hours. The growth of guinea pig aorta endothelial cells was satisfactory in Eagle's minimal essential medium containing guinea pig serum and fetal calf serum, but not horse and calf serum. Of the various concentrations of fetal calf serum in Eagle's minimal essential medium, 3% fetal calf serum did not activate cell growth and 10% fetal calf serum induced the best growth; in 20% concentration of fetal calf serum the cell growth rate decreased as compared with the rate in 10% fetal calf serum. DNA synthesis (3H‐thymidine uptake) of the cells in 20% fetal calf serum was less than that in 10% fetal calf serum. These results have no relation to cell generation nor to the cell density. With respect to the type of media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, RPMI −1640 and Eagle's minimal essential medium were satisfactory for the cultivation of guinea pig aorta endothelial cells, but Medium‐199 was unsuitable. By adding endothelial cell growth supplement (75, 150 mcg) or fibroblast growth factor (100, 200 ng) to Eagle's minimal essential medium containing 3% fetal calf serum, the cell growth was stimulated approximately three times. Fibronectin‐coated wells did not activate cell growth.
PSORIASIS AMONG ARABS
Authors: Kanwar A.J. , Belhaj M.S. , Bharija S.C. , Malhotra Y.K.
Published: April 2015

Psoriasis constituted 1.46% of all the dermatological disorders seen during the one year period of the study. Males were slightly more frequently affected than females and most of the patients were in their 3rd and 4th decade. The mean age of males (36.95) was 7 years higher than that of females (29.83). Familial occurrence was recorded in 14.39% of the cases. Itching appeared to be a prominent feature; only 15.62% quoted worsening in colder months. Extensor surfaces were the commonest sites of involvement. More than one third of the cases showed nail changes of one type or the other. Psoriatic arthropathy and pustular psoriasis were rather rare.
DRUGS CAUSING FIXED ERUPTIONS
Authors: Kanwar A.J. , Belhaj M.S. , Bharija S.C. , Mohammed Mohgat
Published: April 2015

Seventy one patients having fixed drug eruptions were subjected to provocation tests. The greatest number of cases were due to acetylsalicylic acid (18). Other drugs responsible were hyposcine butylbromide (15), oxyphenbutazone (14), sulphadiazine (7), tetracycline hydrochloride (6), metamizole (5) and ibuprofen (3). Other drugs were less frequent. There was evidence of cross sensitivity between various tetracyclines and sulphonamides and also between oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone. One patient had two groups of lesions, each reacting to a different, chemically unrelated drug.
REDUCTION OF CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITIES IN PSORIATIC LESIONS BY HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENTS
Authors: Isoda Midori , Oosaki Mitsuhiko , Yasumoto Shinichiro , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

The effect of the local heat treatment on the chemotactic activity in psoriatic scales was studied by using a modified Boyden chamber method. Hyperthermic treatments were given to psoriasis plaques and scales were taken from these plaques before and after treatment. The psoriasis improved over a two week period of these treatments, but plaques were still present and scaling at that time. Treatment with local hyperthermia significantly reduced the activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in psoriatic scales (p<0.05).

This result suggests that the inhibition of chemotactic activity may be involved in the action mechanism of hyperthermia in psoriatic lesions.
MONOSACCHARIDE IN HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP AS AN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF URTICARIA
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Katayama Ichiro , Sano Shigeharu , Numata Tsunemi , Yamamoto Shoso
Published: April 2015

A 30 year‐old man developed urticaria by taking a refreshing drink. Two of its ingredients, invert sugar and high fructose syrup (GF sugar), induced urticarial attacks. GF sugar was analyzed by thin layer chromatography. A by‐product monosaccharide, psicose, was suspected as the responsible factor. Psicose‐rich sugar of Lobry de Bruyn transformation was prepared and skin‐tested. It and its psicose containing fraction of thin layer chromatography induced positive skin reactions. Furthermore, GF sugar released histamine from leukocytes presensitized with the patient's serum. It is therefore concluded that the urticarial reaction observed in this patient was mediated by Type I hypersensitivity against psicose.
LUPOID SYCOSIS WITH EXTENSIVE MUTILATIONS (AN INSTANCE OF THERAPEUTIC HELPLESSNESS)
Authors: Reddy B.S.N. , Selvaraju M. , Krishnaram A.S. , Garg B.R.
Published: April 2015

A case of lupoid sycosis occurring in an adult male is reported as an interesting entity because of its early onset, extensive involvement, rarity of the disease and paucity of literature. Therapeutic helplessness became evident when treatment with adequate appropriate antibiotics, steroid‐antibiotic combinations, and other empirical lines of treatment resulted in little satisfactory improvement. The disease is still persisting with areas of active lesions and widespread, mutilated, burnt‐out patches of depigmented atrophic and hypertrophic scars, cicatricial alopecia, ectropion, mild flexion deformity of the knees, personality changes, etc. Therapeutic suggestions are invited.
THE ANERGY OF ANNULARITY
Authors: Lobitz Walter C. , White Clifton R. , Cooper Kevin D.
Published: April 2015

We explain the types and historical studies of annular and arciform lesions. In addition, we present a study of annular lesions on a patient with Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (EAC), proven to be caused by a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to trichophyton antigen, using monoclonal antibodies to identify subsets of tissue monocytes outside the EAC lesion, in the inflamed border of the same EAC lesion and inside the circle (anergic area) of the same EAC lesion. Macrophages (M), Langerhans' cells (LC), pan‐T cells, and the T cell subsets of helper/inducer T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, activated T cells and Ia (HLA‐immune associated) T cells were identified, localized, and compared in the respective areas of the annular lesion.

An adequate number of antigen presentor cells were present in the dermis (and epidermis) in all areas. Langerhans cells (LC) were outside the inflamed border. Macrophages were in the border and inside the circle. Also, there were an adequate number of antigen receptor cells in all areas; pan‐T cells were abundant outside, in the border and inside the circle. Although there were remarkably fewer helper and suppressor T cells inside the circle, the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells remained the same and unchanged in all the areas. None of the above could explain the anergy of EAC annularity.

The Ia T cells were abundant in the epidermis and dermis outside the inflamed border and in the inflamed border. However, they were completely absent inside the circle. There were no Ia T cells inside of the EAC inflamed border even though the total number of T cells were abundant in that area. Apparently, the T cells had temporarily lost (4–6 weeks) their HLA histocompatibility inside of the annular and arciform EAC lesions. Having done so, these T cells could no longer receive antigen from M and Lc, could not become activated and thus, could not produce this DTH (Type IV) reaction. This defect may explain the anergy of DTH annularity.
KIMURA'S DISEASE
Authors: Sawada Yukimasa , Nomura Kazuo
Published: April 2015

Subcutaneous masses removed from periauricular lesions showed histologic features of Kimura's disease. These consist of remarkable vascular proliferation and lymphoid follicles in the subcutis rather than lower dermis, with numerous infiltrations of tissue eosinophils. Moderate eosinophilia and high IgE levels in the peripheral blood, and positive intradermal test and RAST with candida antigen were observed, which are also characteristic of Kimura's disease.

However, the patient is a middle‐aged female without any swollen lymph nodes or systemic involvement. Moreover, a few vessels with prompt endothelial cells were recognized histologically. This resembles subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and its allied diseases.

Review of the relevant literature and study of our own case suggested that Kimura's disease is highly similar to subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and its related diseases. We surmise that Kimura's disease belongs to this group.
STATUS OF FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN LEPROSY
Authors: Saha Kunal , Agarwal Satish Kumar , Sehgal Virender Nath
Published: April 2015

Plasmafibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) were estimated in 45 control subjects and 45 patients with various types of leprosy including 16 patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). The levels of FDP were quantified by using a suspension ofStaphylococcus aureus(Newmans D2C strain). Significantly higher levels of plasma fibrinogen and FDP were observed in patients with lepromatous leprosy, especially with ENL, than in the controls. Only 3 lepromatous patients had plasma fibrinogen levels below the normal range; 2 of them had severe ENL and were suffering from nasal bleeding. Levels of D and E fragments were also estimated in another 20 control subjects and 13 lepromatous patients by haemagglutination inhibition technique and were found to be significantly elevated in the patients. It was inferred that raised FDP levels in such patients indicated an ongoing occult fibrinolysis during lepra reaction. A few lepromatous patients may show hypofibrinogenomia during severe ENL episodes.
A CASE OF CUTANEOUS PLASMACYTOSIS
Authors: Ishii Norihisa , Hayashi Masayuki , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

A sixty‐six‐year‐old woman has had numerous macules all over her body for a year without any systemic involvements. Plasma cells had infiltrated into the dermis and perivascular region, but showed no mitotic figures nor atypicalities. Laboratory examinations for Bence Jones protein, serum gammaglobulin, and immunoglobulins demonstrated no abnormal findings. The surface markers of the plasma cells were polyclonal; they were stained by anti IgA, IgG, IgM, kappa, and lambda. We consider this case not to be one of a true tumor but one of rather benign reactive proliferation of plasma cells in the skin, although its etiology is unclear.