bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Simulations of a Narrow Track Tilting Vehicle
Authors: Chong JJ , Marco James , Greenwood David , Chong J. J. , Marco James , Greenwood David
Published: August 2018

Narrow track tilting vehicle is a new category of vehicle that combines the dynamical abilities of a passenger car with a motorcycle. In the presence of overturning moments during cornering, an accurate assessment of the lateral dynamics plays an important role to improve their stability and handling. In order to stabilise or control the narrow tilting vehicle, the demand tilt angle can be calculated from the vehicle’s lateral acceleration and controlled by either steering input of the vehicle or using additional titling actuator to reach this desired angle. The aim of this article is to present a new approach for developing the lateral dynamics model of a narrow track tilting vehicle. First, this approach utilises the well-known geometry ‘bicycle model’ and parameter estimation methods. Second, by using a tuning method, the unknown and uncertainties are taken into account and regulated through an optimisation procedure to minimise the model biases in order to improve the modelling accuracy. Therefore, the optimised model can be used as a platform to develop the vehicle control strategy. Numerical simulations have been performed in a comparison with the experimental data to validate the model accuracy.
Science For All
Authors: Messin Liam J. , Meadows John C. , Messin Liam J. , Meadows John C.
Published: August 2018

Science is the best method humanity has for understanding the universe and our place in it. However, despite its astonishing achievements, the implementation and communication of science is not without problem. In this article the development of scientific publishing is discussed, as is its subsequent impact on scientific discovery and on the profession itself. The ways in which a move towards a more open science framework might alter how science is reported and ultimately performed is also addressed.
Urban Gardening in the Crisis Conjuncture
Authors: Maughan Christopher , Maughan Christopher
Published: August 2018

Urban gardening finds itself at a juncture – not only are crises caused and exacerbated by the industrial food system urgently demonstrating the need for more localised, sustainable, and democratically-determined food systems, but alternative food movements are increasingly negotiating crises of their own. Critical Foodscapes was a one-day conference part-funded by Warwick’s Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) and the Food GRP. The conference was put together with the intention of bringing a ‘critical studies’ approach to the emerging research area of urban community food growing; namely, to put critical – but constructive – pressure on some of the assumptions which underlie current theory and practice of the various forms of urban food growing. This article offers some reflections on the conference itself as well as on the prospects for urban gardening more generally.
Evaluation of forest road network and determining timber extraction system using GIS
Authors: Çalişkan Erhan , Karahalil Uzay
Published: August 2018

Secondary forest road network planning and primary timber extraction systems play very important roles in sustainable forest management. The progression of forest areas in Turkey and the world towards mountains as well as the increase in working obligations have made timber extraction systems gain more importance. The forest areas found in mountainous lands with harsh slopes in Turkey makes timber extraction systems more problematic and more complex. The objective of this study is to develop a model for timber extraction systems using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis considering terrain morphology and secondary forest road network. Additionally the forest road network in Anbardağ forest planning unit of Giresun province in Turkey was investigated considering forest road density and forest road spacing. According to obtained results, the forest road length was 226.34 km, forest road density was 11.74 m/ha, forest road spacing was 851.7 m and road coverage was 51% of the study area. Chainsaw–small size cable crane (36.76%) and chainsaw–medium size cable crane (27.94%) were selected as the most suitable timber extraction systems for the steep terrain study area according to our model. They were followed by chainsaw–forest tractor (23.52%), chainsaw–agriculture tractor (10.29%) and chainsaw–sledge yarder (1.49%). The results of this study showed that GIS saved a considerable amount of labor force, time and cost for the evaluation of forest road network as well as the development model for timber extraction system.
THEORETICAL BASICS OF MARKETING MARINE NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sadchenko E.V.
Published: August 2018

The article examines the main marketing approaches to the management of marketing activities on the basis of improving the economic and environmental cadastral mechanism. Inventories are described as a form of integrated presentation of information on specific natural resources and their rational economic use. The principles of conducting the marine economic-ecological cadastre are considered. Eco-marketing directions that allow the complex use of data from several cadastres that are important in developing plans for the economic, ecological and social development of the marine complex. The question of the concept of cadastre objects has a certain theoretical and great practical significance. From its correct decision depends the breadth of the factors that are subject to regulatory and legal regulation in the process of developing and maintaining the cadastre, the competence of government bodies that perform cadastral functions. The effectiveness of the legal regulation of marine cadastres is dependent on the structural and functional organization of state bodies of Ukraine, leading the cadastre, their law enforcement activities, the speed with which they comply with the established procedure for conducting marine economic and environmental cadastres. The concept of the formation of marine economic and environmental cadastres and potentials is aimed at improving the ecological situation in coastal areas, improving the living conditions of the population in the coastal zone, and meeting the needs of the population in high-quality ecologically safe marine resources. Eco-marketing activities in cadastre management open up wide opportunities in the field of legal regulation of relations on on-farm use and protection of marine resources.
PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM CONDUCTING
Authors: Simonenko V.K.
Published: August 2018

The essence and real results of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine are considered in the article, the economically justified and ultimate goals of these reforms are determined. The attempts to streamline the state administration system over the previous years and brief results of the decentralization process in Ukraine are analyzed. The conclusion of the article is made and its sence includes thesis about the triune of the reform and the need of adoption of new versions of the Law of Ukraine "About Local Self-Governance", the laws "About Administrative and Territorial Structure", " About Service in Local Self-Governance Bodies", " About Territory Planning" and of number of other legislative acts that define the institutional basis for effective implementation of the process of reforming the country's administrative and territorial structure.
STRATEGIC PLANNING AT THE LEVEL OF VOLUNTARY AMALGAMATED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Smentyna N.V.
Published: August 2018

The article deals with strategic planning features at the level of voluntarily amalgamated territorial communities in Ukraine. It identifies the major problems of low effectiveness of forecast and program documents drafting in which there are goals and priorities of socio-economic development of voluntarily amalgamated territorial communities. Among them there are lack of knowledge concerning formation an effective system of amalgamated territorial communities governance, shortage or even lack an experience in developing strategies and plans of socio-economic development of voluntarily amalgamated territorial communities, lack of project ideas that would serve as a basis for such programs documents, lack of managers and community assets which would develop project proposals and so on. It is noted that the state acts as an arbitrator of socio-economic development of amalgamated territorial communities and as motivator for local development. Motivation is realized through introduction of a number of instruments stimulate socio-economic development of amalgamated territorial communities. The possibilities of such kind of state supporting the voluntarily amalgamated territorial communities as financial supporting are determined. The opportunity to use financial support in the form of subventions for the formation and development of amalgamated territorial communities� infrastructure directly depends on the success of strategic planning. The link between the success of local economic growth intensification and strategy action plan developing are noted. The proposals to improve a methodology of developing voluntary amalgamated territorial community�s strategy and plan within the context of forming a strategic action plan are formed. In general this stage consists of ideas generation by all stakeholders through different communication tools, involving of qualified experts, consultants into the process of selection the major ones and their grouping within the operational objective.
SWOT-ANALYSIS AND ANALYSIS OF EXPORT POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE PROBLEMS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Fomishina V.M. , Prischepo V.S.
Published: August 2018

The potential of Ukraine as a subject of foreign trade is considered. The major internal and external factors that determine competitiveness in the global agricultural market with the help of SWOT-analysis are identified. It is set that despite a great number of negative factors inherent in Ukraine, the country has enormous agricultural potential, allowing growing and exporting huge volumes of agricultural production in the conditions created by nature. The basic barriers and ways of their overcoming for domestic agricultural manufacturers are analyzed.
Biosurgery: utility in chronic wound
Authors: Sığ Ali Korhan
Published: August 2018

Biosurgery
or maggot debridement therapy or larval therapy is a complementary –
integrative medicinal method that it has proven utilities especially in chronic
wound care. The method nearly provides every activity desired from a wound
care. Its modes of action can be divided into four major titles; i) Mechanic debridement,
ii) Antimicrobial action, iii) Directing the tissue to wound healing, iv)
Biofilm degradation. Furthermore, many isolated proteins from maggots showing
various activities give a potential for future drugs. For now, whole effect
mechanisms remain unclear and this therapy is not used as a single treatment
method; it is actually a part of multidisciplinary approach to wound care.
Gebelikte nadir bir akut batın vakası: miyom torsiyonu
Authors: DİNÇ Kemal , EKİNCİ Tekin , ÇIPLAK Barış , ERGUVAN ÖNAL Rezzan , ŞAHİN Mustafa
Published: August 2018

Gebelikte
akut karın bugün en zorlu tanı ve tedavi ikilemlerinden biri olmaya devam
etmektedir.  Karın ağrısı
obstetrik nedenlerle olabileceği kadar karın içi organlar nedeniyle de
gelişebilmektedir.  Gebelikte miyom
dejenere olarak, saplı miyomun torsiyone olmasıyla veya kitle etkisine bağlı
uterusun torsiyonuna yol açarak ağrıya yol açabilir.

Bu
olgu sunumunda eski sezaryenlı gebede gelişen karın ağrısının  obstetrik bir acil mi yoksa cerrahi bir acil
mi ayrımı yapılmasının zorluğu tartışılmıştır. Mukerrer sezaryenli G3 P2 olan 38
yaşında hasta, gebelik haftasında karın ağrısı ile başvurdu. Fizik muayenede
batında yaygın hassasiyet mevcuttu. Ultrasonografi de her iki over normal
olarak değerlendirildi. Plesanta dekolmanı ön tanısı ile sezaryen uygulandı. İntraoperatif
gözlemde uterus sağ kornual yüze yakın ince pediküllü subserozal miyomun
torsiyone olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaya sezaryen sırasında miyomektomi
uygulandı.
Candida suşlarının tanımlanmasında CHROMagar Candida besiyerinin performansının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KINIKLI Sami , KAYA KILIÇ Esra , ARSLAN Kader , CESUR Salih , ATAMAN HATİPOĞLU Çiğdem , YAĞCI Serap , DİNÇ Bedia
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Candida enfeksiyonlarının
tedavisi Candida türlerine göre
farklılık göstermektedir. Rutin ve klasik yöntemlerle identifikasyon birkaç
günü alabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, etkili antifungal tedavinin başlanabilmesi
için Candida türlerinin hızlı tanısı
önemlidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya dahil edilen  61 Candida
suşu  CHROMagar Candida besiyerine ekilip üreticinin önerileri doğrultusunda uygun
şartlarda inkübe edildikten sonra,  24.
ve 48. saatlerde değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmada CHROMagar Candida
besiyeri ile referans yöntemler karşılaştırıldığında, CHROMagar Candida 
ile 61 örneğin 36’sında (%40,9) 
referans yöntemle aynı tür tayini saptanmıştır. Yirmi beş örnekte
(%59,1) ise CHROMagar Candida  besiyerinde Candida türleri üremiş ancak tür tayini yapılamamıştır.

Sonuç: CHROMagar Candida besiyeri germ tüp testine göre Candida albicans‘ın
yanısıra, Candida parapsilosis türlerinin ayrımına imkan
sağlamasına rağmen, diğer Candida türlerin
ayrımına imkan sağlamaması, farklı renkler nedeniyle sorunlar yaşanması ve
maliyetinin yüksek olması dezavantajlarıdır.
Hastanede yatan hastalarda malnütrisyonu etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Derin Nurcihan Zeynep Altundağ , Karahan İrfan , Çifci Aydın
Published: August 2018

Hastalık ilişkili malnütrisyon
gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelerde çeşitli
nedenlerle hastaneye yatırılan hastaların %50’sinden fazlasında değişen
derecede malnütrisyon vardır. Malnütrisyon morbidite ve mortalite ile yakın
ilişkilidir. Organ fonksiyonlarındaki bozulma nedeniyle, hastanede kalış
süresi, komplikasyon gelişimi, tekrarlayan hastane başvurusu, erken yaşta bakım
kurumlarında yaşayan birey sayısında artışa ve azalmış yaşam süresine neden
olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; geriatrik yaş grubu, malignitesi olanlar, yoğun
bakımda yatanlar başta olmak üzere hastanede yatan hastalarda malnütrisyon
fazladır. Bu nedenle, hastaneye yatan tüm hastalar malnütrisyon riski açısından
değerlendirilmeli, malnütrisyon saptananlara erken müdahale edilmeli,
saptanmayanlarda da malnütrisyon gelişmemesi için gereken önlemler alınmalıdır.
A Comparative Analysis of Energy Provisions of Pakistan Building Code with Indian and USA Building Energy Codes
Authors: Usman Zahid , Ibrahim Khalid
Published: August 2018

The current energy scenario of Pakistan requires the adoption of a proper energy consumption framework to meet the demands of the Pakistani society. This paper compares the energy codes developed by ASHRAE (United States) and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (India) to suggest improvements in development of the energy conservation building codes for Pakistan. It has been realized that taking all relevant stakeholders on board is vital for the development, adoption and compliance of energy conservation building codes at provincial level. It is also evident that energy conservation culture has to be developed in all segments of the society to lessen energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions and create a sustainable future. The energy codes of Pakistan lack adoption mechanism and climatic zoning needed for building thermal performance. The comparative analysis shows that the thermal building code of Pakistan is the key instrument to reduce energy pressure while providing occupants comfortable living space. It has been concluded that the government should develop code adoption and compliance system for the reduction of energy demand in buildings.
Visualizing Lahore: The Evolving Trends in the Architectural Culture and Identity of Lahore from Walled City to Date
Authors: Arshad Emmara
Published: August 2018

In this research paper, it has been discussed how the architecture of Lahore emerged with the passage of time under various socio-political influences. The influences of cultural, political and social factors on the architecture of Lahore during various historical eras have been discussed. One can see that these influences are still alive in the city of Lahore contributing towards its uniqueness. The changes in the social trends of the population have been discussed also. They are an important factor in shaping the urban form of any society. It has been further discussed in the paper how the architects and clients are blindly copying the western style of architecture and the picture of Lahore that will emerge in the upcoming years.
Introducing the Irish Journal of Paramedicine Editorial Board
Authors: Batt Alan M
Published: August 2018

Welcome to the first issue of the Irish Journal of Paramedicine (IJP). Our editorial board consists of respected academics, researchers, clinicians and educators from Ireland and abroad who are committed to furthering the cause of paramedicine, and encouraging its future development of professional standing.

This article introduces the members of the editorial board, and outlines their qualifications and experience in prehospital care and paramedicine.

 
Dip(ping) into Foreign Waters…Irish Paramedics’ Royal College Experience.
Authors: Kendellen Karl , O'Reilly Stephen
Published: August 2018

The Diploma in Immediate Medical Care awarded by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh is an internationally recognised award specifically aimed at the area of pre-hospital emergency medical care. The study syllabus is based on phase 1 of the UK Pre-Hospital Emergency Medicine curriculum. Award examinations are inter-professional with a set standard regardless of candidates’ clinical level or back-round. The Dip IMC has a reputation for being difficult to pass and, equally, for attracting medical professionals of the highest standard at all grades.

To date in Ireland, it has mostly been doctors specialising in emergency medicine that have attempted the award. With the introduction of advanced paramedic practice, the range of practitioners eligible to attempt it has increased. At the time of writing, three Irish advanced paramedics have successfully achieved the award.

While it is a difficult award to achieve, and much content is outside current Irish paramedic scope of practice, a motivated, well prepared advanced paramedic can be successful. This article outlines the processes and preparations that two such paramedics followed to successfully achieve the Dip IMC RCSEd.
Paramedic Education – is Dynamic Problem Based Learning the Way Forward?
Authors: Dixon Mark , Keane Frank , Taylor Andrew
Published: August 2018

The authors outline the unique approach to problem based learning adopted by the Paramedic Studies Department in the Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick.
Influence of Family on Saudi Arabian Emergency Medical Services Students
Authors: Leggio William , Mobrad Abdulmajeed , Martin James R. , Samarkandi Osama , Mubarak Abdullah , Abdulqader Nabeel , Strehlow Mathew
Published: August 2018

Objective: To identify influences on learning for Saudi male students studying Emergency Medical Services at a college in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Previous research on influences on student learning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia focused on the historical development of education in Saudi Arabia, English language development, and intrinsic motivations of students and excluded a focus on students studying Emergency Medical Services. Methods: Exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was deployed. Results: Family support was an exceptionally strong predictor of student confidence in both skills and post-graduate EMS employment. Concepts involving application, memorization, motivation, and English language did not present as statically significant. The discovery of the strong influences that a family can have on Saudi EMS student’s confidence is noteworthy, as this was not previously discovered in the literature. Conclusion: This discovery holds practical implications for EMS education and training programs as emphasizes the importance of developing practical ways to include a student’s family as a source of support in ensuring student success and confidence. 
Identifying the barriers to female leadership in Paramedicine
Authors: Mason Paige
Published: August 2018

The main message is clear: women are not making it to the top in any profession, anywhere in the world, and the field of prehospital and academic medicine is not immune. Whether in the public or private sphere, from the highest levels of government decision-making to common households, women continue to be denied equal opportunity with men
A scoping study and qualitative assessment of care planning and case management in community paramedicine
Authors: Leyenaar Matthew , McLeod Brent , Chan Joyce , Tavares Walter , Costa Andrew , Agarwal Gina
Published: August 2018

Introduction:  Community paramedicine (CP) establishes an ongoing patient relationship beyond short emergency care episodes. How care planning and case management have been adapted from the isolated incidents of traditional practice is unclear.  The objective of this study is to contribute to paramedic practice by examining broad areas of care planning in CP, identifying gaps in the evidence, clarifying key concepts, and reporting on the types of evidence that address and inform practice.  A qualitative analysis of included literature outlines program capacities and identifies comprehensive models of care that can inform clinical practice in CP.

 

Methods:  A scoping study was completed that included conducting a systematic search of the literature (in MEDLINE and CINAHL) and selecting relevant studies, followed by data extraction, summarizing, and reporting.  The authors of included studies were contacted to confirm the aspects of care planning that were extracted from their respective studies.  Aspects of care planning were compared between studies and used to generate a comprehensive list of existing practices.

 

Results:   Ten of 1648 studies met inclusion criteria.  Qualitative analysis identified 22 aspects of care planning along four themes; enrollment (n=3), assessment and management (n=6), intervention and care (n=5), and collaboration (n=8).  No study included all 22 aspects of care planning.  One aspect of care planning was present in all 10 studies; collaboration with primary care providers.

 

Conclusion:  The aspects of care planning identified through this study provide a framework that can guide service providers in the delivery of care and researchers in defined outcome measures to be assessed.  Future program development should be guided by the finding that all articles included in this study included collaboration with primary care providers.  By summarizing care planning within CP programs, ongoing program development can embrace collaboration with other care providers to help insure that patients receive the appropriate care.
Moving towards the next level...
Authors: O'Connor Chris
Published: August 2018

Since the turn of the century, significant progressive changes have taken place in the provision of prehospital emergency care in Ireland.  Few would have dared to imagine the scale of advancement both in terms of education and scope of practice that has taken place since the bells tolled to herald the arrival of the new millennium. Academically, paramedics in Ireland who for over 20 years have been qualified at diploma level now have the opportunity to qualify with an honours bachelor of science degree, and the possibility of progression to masters and doctoral degrees should they feel so inclined.  From a clinical perspective, the Advanced Life Support service that is available nationwide today has evolved from an emergency service provided by EMTs just a few short years ago.

In order to make the step up to the next level in our development as a bona fide recognised profession, it is essential that we embark on the journey of the development of our own body of knowledge in relation to our education, our practice and our profession as a whole. This editorial will explore some issues related to this.
Use of Combination of Mifepristone and Misoprostol to Terminate Early Pregnancy: Experience at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Susan Zobaida Sultana , Chowdhury Afzallunnesa , Halder Shipra , Ahamed Sabarin , Afrin Helena , Hossain Tahmina , Jahan Raunak
Published: August 2018

Background: Termination of pregnancy is well prescribed method all over the world to terminate the early pregnancy with the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol tablet orally.Objective: The purpose of this present study was to determine the efficacy of mifipristone (200 mg) for medical termination of early pregnancy with oral misoprostol 800 mcg 24 hours later.Methodology: This observational study was done in the Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh among outdoor patients in 6 months period from July 2014 to December 2014. The patients with intrauterine pregnancy up to 9 weeks and blighted ovum were included. Incomplete abortion and extrauterine pregnancy were excluded. Mifepristone 200 mg followed by misoprostol 800 mg after 24 hours had been given.Result: Total 50 patients with 9 weeks of pregnancy were selected over the period of 6 months requesting termination of pregnancy. This study showed termination of early pregnancy up to 9 weeks with tablet mifepristone and tablet misoprostole which was effective as well as the expulsion rate of the product of conception was 92.0% cases and among them 32.0% patients were needed extended dose of misoprostol and 8.0% cases had incomplete abortion who needed surgical evacuation. Some patients had some complications like vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and excessive per vaginal bleeding which were managed accordingly.Conclusion: Mifepristone 200 mg followed by misoprostol 800 mcg orally is an effective method for termination early pregnancy with minimum side effects.Journal of Science Foundation 2017;15(1):9-13
Incidence and Risk Factors of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Following Coronary Angiography
Authors: Anwar Mohammed Rashed , Hai Abu Noim Md Abdul , Debnath Dilip Kumar , Faraji Md Anwarul Hoque , Hasan KAM Mahbub
Published: August 2018

Background: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication after administration of contrast medium. As the third leading cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury, CIN occurs in half of the patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the frequency of contrast induced nephropathy in patients after coronary angiography and its risk factors.Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was performed at National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka and Department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July, 2016 to December 2016 for a period of six (06) months. All patients 18 years and above who underwent coronary angiography with or without percutaneuous Transluminal coronary angioplasty with normal or impaired renal function, with or without Diabetes Mellitus or hypertension were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups named as group A who did not develop CIN and group B developed CIN. Pre- and Post procedure serum creatinine was estimated at 48 hours after coronary angiogram. Independent characteristics associated with CIN were identified.Results: A total number of 250 patients were recruited for this study. Older age ≥70 years, diabetes mellitus were significant risk factor for CIN whereas hypertension was not statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors were identified 05 (five) risk factors in this study which were baseline estimated GFR <60mi/min/1.73m2 BSA, diabetes mellitus, contrast volume >100ml, PTCA and LVEF < 40%). Effect of drugs used in the development of CIN by logistic regression analysis. None of the drugs showed significant relationship on development of CIN.Conclusion: Older age, baseline estimated GFR <60mi/min/1.73m2 BSA, diabetes mellitus, contrast volume >100ml, PTCA and LVEF < 40%) were significant risk factor to developed CIN. Journal of Science Foundation 2017;15(1):20-25
Indications of Emergency Caesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Sultana Rifat , Khatun Mahmuda , Banu Dewan Shahida , Aktar Mst Nurunnahar , Ashraf Rumana , Billah Afrin , Nazneen Shahana
Published: August 2018

Background: Caesarean Section is now a common surgical practice during child birth.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the indication of emergency caesarean section.Methodology: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2006 to December 2006 for a period of 6 months. The pregnant women who were selected for emergency caesarean section during the mentioned period of study were included as study population. The details of the indication of the caesarean section were recorded.Result: A total number of 100 cases were recruited in this study. Among the all indications of emergency caesarean section history of previous caesarean section was the most common which was found in 25(25.0%) cases. Foetal distress was the second common indication of emergency caesarean section which was 18(18.0%) cases. Obstructed labour was also reported in 11(11.0%) cases. Antepartum haemorrhage (8.0%) was another indication of emergency caesarean section. Considering the hypertensive disorder preeclamptic toxaemia (7.0%), eclampsia (5.0%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (1.0%) were the reported as the indications of emergency caesarean section. Some other indications of emergency caesarean section were recorded which were mal-presentation (7.0%), prolonged labour (6.0%), cephalopelvic disproportion (4.0%) and failed trial labour (4.0%).Conclusion: In conclusion history of previous caesarean section is the most common indication for emergency caesarean section obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage as well as foetal distress, malpresentation and cephalopelvic disproportion.Journal of Science Foundation 2017;15(2):36-40
Role of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Infertility: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Ferdows Jannat Ara , Jahan Ishrat , Joty Fahmida Sharmin , Jahan Raunak , Susan Zobaida Sultana , Ghani Afroza
Published: August 2018

Background: Infertility problem is a global problem and now infertile couples are more aware for the treatment of infertility. Transvaginal sonography since 1995 has expanded the scope of use of ultrasonography in assessment of endometrial thickness, ovarian volume, follicular development in response to hormone in different phase of menstrual cycle in relation to infertility management. In this study it may be assumed that present study may help to establish transvaginal sonography as a new and reliable diagnostic method by which we will be able to proceed accurately with more confidence in diagnosing infertility.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of TVS in diagnosing& evaluating causes of infertility and the comparison between clinical correlation and TVS findings in infertility.Methodology: It is a Hospital based cross sectional study conducted in outdoor department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and in a infertility clinic in Dhaka, from March 2009 to August 2009. Sample size was 98 cases of infertile women.Result: Amongst 98 women, 64 cases were represented with primary infertility and 34 patients came with secondary infertility; common age group is 29-35 years; most frequent TVS finding is PCOD with its various presentation and ovarian volume.Conclusion: Transvaginal sonography is painless, quicker, costeffective and can be done as a out door patient in the department. It can be used as a first-line diagnostic procedure for infertility in Bangladesh.But it demands costly equipments, special TVS probe as well as expertise of the operator. At present there are few number of IVF centres in some districts of Bangladesh where transvaginal sonography is the most useful procedure and they play an important role in the diagnosis of causes of infertility.Journal of Science Foundation, July 2017;15(2):41-47
Predictors, Treatment and Prevention of Preterm Labour: A Review
Authors: Nahar Khairun , Khatun Khodeza
Published: August 2018

Preterm labour (PTL) is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is also a major public health problem for its long-term disabilities like cerebral palsy and visual disturbance. Preterm labour is a multifactorial problem and its overall global incidence is 11.1 per 100 live births with a significant regional variation. About 45-50% of preterm deliveries are spontaneous, 30% are associated with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) and another 15-25% is induced for maternal and/or foetal risk. Previous history of PTL is an important risk factor; risk is 14.3% after one preterm birth and 28% after two preterm births. Other important risk factors are multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, bicornuate uterus, cervical incompetence & bacterial vaginosis. Prediction of PTL is very difficult but identification of risk factors, assessment of cervical length by ultrasonography and detection of foetal fibronectin in cervical secretions are of great help. Advanced cervical dilatation (>3 cm) or PPROM associated with sufficient and frequent uterine contractions confirm the diagnosis of preterm labour. Prevention of PTL has been tried with prophylactic cervical cerclage, antibiotics and progesterone. PTL is treated with various tocolytic agents and glucucorticoids and antibiotics for local or systemic infection. Betamimetics, calcium channel blockers (nifedipine), prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors and magnesium sulfate are the commonly used tocolytics. Nifedipine has significantly fewer maternal adverse effects than betamimetics and magnesium sulphate. Antenatal corticosteroid treatment has been found to lower neonatal mortality, the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis. The ultimate goal of prevention and management of preterm labour is to improve neonatal outcome and to reduce morbidity and mortality.Journal of Science Foundation, July 2017;15(2):57-63
Scale Analysis of Wavelet Regularization Inversion and Its Improved Algorithm for Dynamic Light Scattering
Authors: Wang Yajing , Shen Jin , Yuan Xi , Dou Zhenhai , Liu Wei , Mao Shuai
Published: August 2018

In the large inversion range, the wavelet-regularization inversion method (WRIM) is an effective method for improving the inversion accuracy of dynamic light scattering (DLS) data. However, the initial decomposition scale (IDS) of this method has a great effect on the inversion accuracy. The particle size distribution (PSD) obtained from inappropriate IDS is not optimal. We analyze the effect of the different IDS on the inversion result in this paper. The results show that IDS of the smallest relative error should be chosen as the optimal IDS. However, because the true PSD is unknown in the practical measurements, this optimal IDS criterion is infeasible. Therefore, we propose an application criterion determining the optimal IDS. Based on this criterion, an improved WRIM with the optimal IDS is established. By the improved WRIM, high accuracy inversion PSD is obtained from DLS data. The simulated and experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm. Besides, we also further study the effect of the data noise on the optimal IDS. These studies indicate that the optimal IDS usually shows a downward trend with an increase of noise level.
VLSI Implementation of an Efficient Lossless EEG Compression Design for Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Chen Chiung-An , Wu Chen , Abu Patricia Angela R. , Chen Shih-Lun
Published: August 2018

Data transmission of electroencephalography (EEG) signals over Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is currently a widely used system that comes together with challenges in terms of efficiency and effectivity. In this study, an effective Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit design of lossless EEG compression circuit is proposed to increase both efficiency and effectivity of EEG signal transmission over WBAN. The proposed design was realized based on a novel lossless compression algorithm which consists of an adaptive fuzzy predictor, a voting-based scheme and a tri-stage entropy encoder. The tri-stage entropy encoder is composed of a two-stage Huffman and Golomb-Rice encoders with static coding table using basic comparator and multiplexer components. A pipelining technique was incorporated to enhance the performance of the proposed design. The proposed design was fabricated using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology containing 8405 gates with 2.58 mW simulated power consumption under an operating condition of 100 MHz clock speed. The CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database was used to test the performance of the proposed technique in terms of compression rate which yielded an average value of 2.35 for 23 channels. Compared with previously proposed hardware-oriented lossless EEG compression designs, this work provided a 14.6% increase in compression rate with a 37.3% reduction in hardware cost while maintaining a low system complexity.
Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on Lensless Ghost Imaging with Partially Coherent Light
Authors: Liu Xianlong , Wang Fei , Zhang Minghui , Cai Yangjian
Published: August 2018

Ghost imaging with partially coherent light through two kinds of atmospheric turbulences: monostatic turbulence and bistatic turbulence, is studied, both theoretically and experimentally. Based on the optical coherence theory and the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, the analytical imaging formulae in two kinds of turbulence have been derived with the help of a tensor method. The visibility and quality of the ghost image in two different atmospheric turbulences are discussed in detail. Our results reveal that in bistatic turbulence, the visibility and quality of the image decrease with the increase of the turbulence strength, while in monostatic turbulence, the image quality remains invariant when turbulence strength changes in a certain range, only the visibility decreases with the increase of the strength of turbulence. Furthermore, we carry out experimental demonstration of lensless ghost imaging through monostatic and bistatic turbulences in the laboratory, respectively. The experiment results agree well with the theoretical predictions. Our results solve the controversy about the influence of atmospheric turbulence on ghost imaging.
Phase-Coded and Noise-Based Brillouin Optical Correlation-Domain Analysis
Authors: Zadok Avi , Preter Eyal , London Yosef
Published: August 2018

Correlation-domain analysis has enabled distributed measurements of Brillouin gain spectra along optical fibers with high spatial resolution, up to millimeter-scale. The method relies on the joint modulation of counter-propagating Brillouin pump and signal waves so that their complex envelopes are correlated in select positions only. Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis was first proposed nearly 20 years ago based on frequency modulation of the two waves. This paper reviews two more recent variants of the concept. In the first, the Brillouin pump and signal waves are co-modulated by high-rate binary phase sequences. The scheme eliminates restricting trade-offs between the spatial resolution and the range of unambiguous measurements, and may also suppress noise due to residual Brillouin interactions outside the correlation peak. Sensor setups based on phase coding addressed 440,000 high-resolution points and showed potential for reaching over 2 million such points. The second approach relies on the amplified spontaneous emission of optical amplifiers, rather than the modulation of an optical carrier, as the source of Brillouin pump and signal waves. Noise-based correlation-domain analysis reaches sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The application of both techniques to tapered micro-fibers and planar waveguides is addressed as well.
A Three-Dimensional Collagen-Elastin Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Ali Mir S. , Lacerda Carla M. R.
Published: August 2018

Since most of the body’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of collagen and elastin, we believe the choice of these materials is key for the future and promise of tissue engineering. Once it is known how elastin content of ECM guides cellular behavior (in 2D or 3D), one will be able to harness the power of collagen-elastin microenvironments to design and engineer stimuli-responsive tissues. Moreover, the implementation of such matrices to promote endothelial-mesenchymal transition of primary endothelial cells constitutes a powerful tool to engineer 3D tissues. Here, we design a 3D collagen-elastin scaffold to mimic the native ECM of heart valves, by providing the strength of collagen layers, as well as elasticity. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were encapsulated in the collagen-elastin hydrogels and valve endothelial cells (VECs) cultured onto the surface to create an in vitro 3D VEC-VIC co-culture. Over a seven-day period, VICs had stable expression levels of integrin β1 and F-actin and continuously proliferated, while cell morphology changed to more elongated. VECs maintained endothelial phenotype up to day five, as indicated by low expression of F-actin and integrin β1, while transformed VECs accounted for less than 7% of the total VECs in culture. On day seven, over 20% VECs were transformed to mesenchymal phenotype, indicated by increased actin filaments and higher expression of integrin β1. These findings demonstrate that our 3D collagen-elastin scaffolds provided a novel tool to study cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions in vitro, promoting advances in the current knowledge of valvular endothelial cell mesenchymal transition.
YKL-40, Soluble IL-2 Receptor, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and C-Reactive Protein: Comparison of Markers of Sarcoidosis Activity
Authors: Uysal Pelin , Durmus Sinem , Sozer Volkan , Gelisgen Remise , Seyhan Ekrem Cengiz , Erdenen Fusun , Simsek Gonul , Uzun Hafize
Published: August 2018

The aims of this study were to describe the clinical, radiological and immunological features of a population of sarcoidosis patients and to analyse chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), neopterin concentrations and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in serum of these patients in order to understand their potential as disease markers. Fifty-nine patients affected by chronic sarcoidosis, in active (20 patients) and inactive (39 patients) phase according to the clinical, radiological and laboratory criteria were studied. Serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neopterin levels and ADA activities were evaluated and compared with those of 25 healthy controls. Individuals with chronic sarcoidosis were significantly higher serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, neopterin, hs-CRP concentrations, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ADA activity than those of control subjects. Sarcoidosis patients in the active phase of the disease were significantly higher YKL-40, sIL-2R, hs-CRP levels and ACE activity than those in the inactive phase, while ADA activities and neopterin levels did not display any significant difference between the active and inactive disease groups. In comparison to the other parameters, as panel measurement of the serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, ACE and hs-CRP indicate a greater discrimination between active and inactive disease. The results indicate that serum YKL-40, sIL-2R, ACE and hs-CRP concentrations may be useful marker for monitoring sarcoidosis disease activity.
Theoretical Calculations on the Mechanism of Enantioselective Copper(I)-Catalyzed Addition of Enynes to Ketones
Authors: Li Hanwei , Luo Mingliang , Tao Guohong , Qin Song
Published: August 2018

Computational investigations on the bisphospholanoethane (BPE)-ligated Cu-catalyzed enantioselective addition of enynes to ketones were performed with the density functional theory (DFT) method. Two BPE-mesitylcopper (CuMes) catalysts, BPE-CuMes and (S,S)-Ph-BPE–CuMes, were employed to probe the reaction mechanism with the emphasis on stereoselectivity. The calculations on the BPE-CuMes system indicate that the active metallized enyne intermediate acts as the catalyst for the catalytic cycle. The catalytic cycle involves two steps: (1) ketone addition to the alkene moiety of the metallized enyne; and (2) metallization of the enyne followed by the release of product with the recovery of the active metallized enyne intermediate. The first step accounts for the distribution of the products, and therefore is the stereo-controlling step in chiral systems. In the chiral (S,S)-Ph-BPE–CuMes system, the steric hindrance is vital for the distribution of products and responsible for the stereoselectivity of this reaction. The steric hindrance between the phenyl ring of the two substrates and groups at the chiral centers in the ligand skeleton is identified as the original of the stereoselectivity for the titled reaction.
Effect of Surface Modifications of SBA-15 with Aminosilanes and 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid on Catalytic Properties in Environmentally Friendly Esterification of Glycerol with Oleic Acid to Produce Monoolein
Authors: Ratchadapiban Kullatida , Praserthdam Piyasan , Tungasmita Duangamol Nuntasri , Tangku Chutima , Anutrasakda Wipark
Published: August 2018

A series of protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials was synthesized and tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the esterification of glycerol with oleic acid to produce monoolein. Mesoporous SBA-15 (S) was functionalized with three different aminosilanes: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N1); [3-(2-amino-ethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane] (N2); and (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (N3), before being impregnated with 40 wt % 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW). The resulting nanocatalysts (S-Nx-HPW) were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and elemental analysis techniques. The presence of components of the nanocatalysts and the preservation of the hexagonal structure of SBA-15 were confirmed. Using different functionalizing agents considerably affected the textural properties and acidity of the synthesized nanocatalysts, which helped to improve the catalytic performance. In particular, S-N2-HPW was more active and selective than other catalysts in this study, as well as than a number of other commercial acid catalysts, with 95.0% oleic acid conversion and 60.9% monoolein selectivity being obtained after five h of reaction at 160 °C using 2.5 wt % of catalyst loading and glycerol/oleic acid molar ratio of 4:1. Aminosilane functionalization also helped to increase the reusability of the catalysts to at least six cycles without considerable loss of activity through strong electrostatic interactions between HPW anions and the protonated amino-functionalized SBA-15 materials.
The Reduction Temperature Effect of Fe–Co/MgO Catalyst on Characteristics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Paul , Lee Cheol Jin
Published: August 2018

Diameters and crystallinity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dependent on reduction temperature of the Fe–Co/MgO catalyst were investigated. MWCNTs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor depositing and the Fe–Co/MgO catalyst was fabricated by using a sol-gel method. According to Raman analysis, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, the diameter distribution of MWCNTs was broadened with increasing reduction temperature of the Fe–Co/MgO catalyst and crystallinity was improved. The above results are attributed to an increased size and enhanced crystallinity of metal catalyst particles by increasing reduction temperature.