bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Queering Sexual Practices in "Mr. and Mrs. Eliot
Authors: Tanimoto Chikako
Published: February 2013

According to Gayle Rubin in "Thinking Sex," sexual values—like other value systems surrounding race, ethnicity, and religion—form hierarchical binaries that counterpose a privileged term residing within a charmed circle against a degraded other residing outside, thereby articulating an imaginary line of difference and implied divergence. The sexual hierarchy is generally constructed from the point of view of heterosexism. From its opening sentence, Ernest Hemingway's short story "Mr. and Mrs. Elliot" establishes reproductive sexual practice within the context of marriage as a central frame of reference: "Mr. and Mrs. Elliot tried very hard to have a baby" (CSS 123). This essay will pursue the meaning and effect of Hemingway's emphasis, considering Hubert and Cornelia's presumed erotic practices with reference to Rubin's critical elucidation of a good sex/bad sex hierarchy.
Hemingway, Wilhelm, and a Style for Lesbian Representation
Authors: Haytock Jennifer
Published: February 2013

This essay explores Hemingway's possible influence on We Too Are Drifting (1935), a now forgotten lesbian novel by Gale Wilhelm, and then examines how both authors engaged with contemporary scientific arguments about the origin of homosexuality, specifically the early 20 th century psychological concept of "sexual inversion." Wilhelm's style and tropes evoke Hemingway's, while both authors use "twinness" as a vehicle to explore sexuality and sexual identity in different ways. Using an apparently "factual" writing style, each sought to represent same-sex desire as a "fact" of normal and mainstream life.
PEN Hemingway Keynote Address Delivered at the John F. Kennedy Library 1 April 2012: Ernest Hemingway: Why His Work Matters Now More than Ever, A Love Letter from the Digital World
Authors: Dubus Andre
Published: February 2013

Each year the Ernest Hemingway Foundation and PEN New England award the PEN Hemingway prize for the year's best first work of fiction. The award is presented at a gala reception at the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, Massachusetts. This year we are pleased to present the keynote address of Andre Dubus III, who spoke at the ceremony honoring 2012 PEN Hemingway award winner Teju Cole and his novel Open City (Random House, 2011). Dubus is best known as author of the novel House of Sand and Fog , a #1 New York Times bestseller, finalist for the National Book Award, and source for the Academy Award-nominated film. His recent memoir, Townie , was named on many Top Nonfiction lists for 2011, including those of The New York Times, Publishers Weekly, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews , and Esquire magazine.
An Interview with Paula Mclain, Author of The Paris Wife
Authors: Sinclair Gail
Published: February 2013

On 16 February 2012, Paula McLain, author of the bestselling novel The Paris Wife (2011) was the featured speaker in the Rollins College series, "Winter with the Writers." Hemingway scholar Gail Sinclair took the opportunity to interview McLain about her vivid fictionalization of Hemingway's marriage to Hadley Richardson and about the book's resounding success.
The Consolation of Critique: Food, Culture, and Civilization in Ernest Hemingway
Authors: Justice Hilary Kovar
Published: February 2013

This essay considers Hemingway's symbolic uses of food in "Big Two-Hearted River," "Ten Indians," and For Whom the Bell Tolls. Food—its acquisition, cultivation, preparation, presentation, and consumption—serves to illustrate and interrogate the characters' memories of, and potential recovery from, the traumas of war ("Big Two-Hearted River," For Whom the Bell Tolls), and colonization ("Ten Indians"). Food signifies culture and civilization; hunger, sickness, and the perversion of agriculture suggest civilization's breakdown. The process of metabolizing food parallels the characters' recovery from individual and cultural trauma, with food systems allegorically promising similar hope for civilization.
Sequencing the Public Health Genome
Authors: Juarez Paul
Published: February 2013

The exposome paradigm provides a new approach for conceptualizing and analyzing the impact of single exposures on health outcomes. This article describes the methods used to sequence the public health exposome and implications for the dynamic, multi-dimensional data information system developed by investigators at Meharry Medical College.
Phytoalexins, miRNAs and Breast Cancer: A Review of Phytochemical-mediated miRNA Regulation in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tilghman Syreeta L. , Rhodes Lyndsay V. , Bratton Melyssa R. , Carriere Patrick , Preyan Lynez C. , Boue Stephen M. , Vasaitis Tadas Sean , McLachlan John A. , Burow Matthew E.
Published: February 2013

There is growing interest in the diverse signaling pathways that regulate and affect breast tumorigenesis, including the role of phytochemicals and the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies demonstrate that miRNAs regulate fundamental cellular and developmental processes at the transcriptional and translational level under normal and disease conditions. While there is growing evidence to support the role of phytoalexin-mediated miRNA regulation of cancer, few reports address this role in breast cancer. Recent reports by our group and others demonstrate that natural products, including stilbenes, curcumin, and glyceollins, could alter the expression of specific miRNAs, which may lead to increased sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional anti-cancer agents and, therefore, hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumor growth inhibition. This review will discuss how dietary intake of natural products, by regulating specific miRNAs, contribute to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Developing a Cadre of Transdisciplinary Health Disparities Researchers for the 21st Century
Authors: Matthews-Juarez Patricia
Published: February 2013

In the NIMHD-funded Health Disparities Research Center of Excellence at Meharry, faculty and scholars are trained to better address environmental health issues by integrating longitudinal, multi-systemic, spatially, and temporally referenced analytical methods. These methods include computational, multilevel, and spatial analyses through a transdisciplinary team model.
The Impact of Acculturation on Diabetes Risk Among Arab Americans in Southeastern Louisiana
Authors: Al-Dahir Sara , Brakta Fatima , Khalil Alaa , Benrahla Mustafa
Published: February 2013

Purpose . This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between acculturation and diabetes risk among Arab Americans in Southeastern Louisiana. The secondary objective was to identify the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease in the same population. Background . Research suggests that Arab Americans report disproportionate rates of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Methods . A cross-sectional study of 181 Arab Americans was conducted in Louisiana. Interviewers recruited participants to answer a 37-item survey with a five-dimension acculturation assessment and abridged National Institute of Health Survey and American Diabetes Association (2010) diabetes tool. Results were analyzed using factor analysis and Spearman’s correlation. Results . A negative correlation was found between Arab acculturation variables and diabetes risk among males (r=−.216, p=.044) and American acculturation variables among females (r=−.222, p=.032). Twelve percent reported being diagnosed with Type II diabetes by a primary care physician.
The Maryland Commission on Environmental Justice and Sustainable Communities: A Review
Authors: Rehr Rebecca , Wilson Sacoby
Published: February 2013

This paper evaluates the Maryland Commission on Environmental Justice and Sustainable Communities through stakeholder interviews and review of written reports. The Commission is empowered by diverse perspectives, but can feel limited by its charge. Commissioners have worked towards achieving EJ in Maryland, but have yet to fulfill a sustained vision.
Assessing Pharmacy Students’ Self-Perception of Cultural Competence
Authors: Echeverri Margarita , Brookover Cecile , Kennedy Kathleen
Published: February 2013

Pharmacists play an increasingly important role in medication therapy management, which requires communicating effectively with patients. Pharmacy students completed the Self-Assessment of Perceived Level of Cultural Competence (SAPLCC) questionnaire, and their results were used to identify patterns in self-assessment of cultural competence. In general, students rated their knowledge as less than their skills and attitudes. Important differences were found by race, comparing each group with its counterparts: African American students rated their perceived competencies regarding patient discrimination and barriers to health care at a significantly higher level; Asian American students rated their attitudes to engaging in self-reflection and their knowledge in multicultural issues at significantly lower level; and White students rated their awareness regarding racial dynamics at a significantly lower level. It is recommended to consider the students’ cultural, racial, and ethnic backgrounds before developing curriculum in cultural competence and, perhaps, to develop targeted educational interventions for specific groups.
Emerging Opportunities for Pharmacists to Improve Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
Authors: Brown Lawrence M.
Published: February 2013

The changing organization, financing, and priorities of the U.S. health care system are creating new imperatives for employers, health care insurers, hospitals, and especially interprofessional health care practitioners. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 was created with the aim of decreasing overall health care cost, improving access to health care, and improving health care quality, while including provisions that support coordinated health care practitioner collaboration within the system. This coordinated collaboration among health professions has the potential to provide comprehensive, population-based, cost-effective, and high-quality patient care and a new emphasis on health promotion, wellness, and disease prevention. This commentary will describe the role of the ACA in facilitating these health care system changes and opportunities for pharmacists and other health care professionals to be a part of this change due to implementation of provisions within the ACA.
Demographic and Geographic Variations in Breast Cancer Mortality among U.S. Hispanics
Authors: Mejia de Grubb Maria C. , Kilbourne Barbara , Kihlberg Courtney , Levine Robert S.
Published: February 2013

This paper examines demographic and geographic differences in breast cancer mortality (1999 to 2009) between U.S. Hispanic and non-Hispanic women from different racial groups. Data were publically available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Four racial groups are included: American Indian/Alaska Natives, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Blacks/African Americans, and Whites. Age-adjusted rates were obtained for women ages 35–64 and 65 years and older. Hispanic mortality was generally lower than non-Hispanic mortality regardless of age, race, Census Region, State, or county. The lone exception was Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders residing in Hawaii. Despite generally lower rates, there was considerable variation in Hispanic breast cancer mortality within the country. Poverty, percentage of renters, and educational attainment were important explanatory factors. Analytic epidemiologic studies might explain social, cultural, and other reasons for the observed geographic variations. Such studies, in turn, could support a stronger theoretical basis for public health policy.
Metformin Induces a Senescence-associated Gene Signature in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Williams Christopher C. , Singleton Brittany A. , Llopis Shawn D. , Skripnikova Elena V.
Published: February 2013

Diabetic patients taking metformin have lower incidence of breast cancer than those taking other anti-diabetic medications. Additionally, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a form of breast cancer disproportionately afflicting premenopausal African American women, shows atypical susceptibility to metformin’s antiproliferative effect. The mechanisms involved in metformin’s function in TNBC has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, we sought to identify pathways regulated by metformin in using the MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell model. Metformin dose-dependently caused apoptosis, decreased cell viability, and induced cell morphology/chromatin condensation consistent with the permanent proliferative arrest. Furthermore, gene expression arrays revealed that metformin caused expression of stress markers DDIT3, CYP1A1,and GDF-15 and a concomitant reduction in PTGS1 expression. Our findings show that metformin may affect the viability and proliferative capacity of TNBC by inducing an antiproliferative gene signature, and that metformin may be effective in the treatment/prevention of TNBC.
Health Information Technology Use in a Rural Clinic: The Pharmacist’s Perspective
Authors: Brown Meagan A. , Bloodworth Lauren , Ross Leigh Ann
Published: February 2013

Poor communication of medical information during care transitions can lead to medication errors, adverse drug events, and increased health care costs. The crucial pharmacist’s role sometimes requires efforts to improve documentation. Here, we describe our experience integrating a pharmacist into a medical team at a federally qualified health center.
Analysis of an Environmental Exposure Health Questionnaire in a Metropolitan Minority Population Utilizing Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Chen Chau-Kuang , Bruce Michelle , Tyler Lauren , Brown Claudine , Garrett Angelica , Goggins Susan , Lewis-Polite Brandy , Weriwoh Mirabel L , Juarez Paul D. , Hood Darryl B. , Skelton Tyler
Published: February 2013

The goal of this study was to analyze a 54-item instrument for assessment of perception of exposure to environmental contaminants within the context of the built environment, or exposome . This exposome was defined in five domains to include 1) home and hobby, 2) school, 3) community, 4) occupation, and 5) exposure history. Interviews were conducted with child-bearing-age minority women at Metro Nashville General Hospital at Meharry Medical College. Data were analyzed utilizing DTReg software for Support Vector Machine (SVM) modeling followed by an SPSS package for a logistic regression model. The target (outcome) variable of interest was respondent’s residence by ZIP code. The results demonstrate that the rank order of important variables with respect to SVM modeling versus traditional logistic regression models is almost identical. This is the first study documenting that SVM analysis has discriminate power for determination of higher-ordered spatial relationships on an environmental exposure history questionnaire.
In Vitro and In Vivo evaluation of novel anticancer agents in triple negative Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Johnson KiTani Parker , Yearby Letitia A. , Stoute Diana , Burow Matthew E. , Rhodes Lyndsay V. , Gray Marian , Carriere Patrick , Tilghman Syreeta L. , McLachlan John A. , Ochieng Josiah
Published: February 2013

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is subtype of breast disease devoid of the estrogen, progesterone, and Her2/neu receptors which are targets for pharmacological intervention. There is a need for novel anti-breast cancer agents that target TNBC. Therefore, novel isochalcone DJ52 was evaluated using the alamar blue dye exclusion assay, the luciferase colony assay, and xenograft models to determine its efficacy and potency. DJ52 significantly decreased proliferation of cells measured by using the alamar blue dye method and produced IC50 values of DJ52, DJ56, and DJ82 at 10-6M, 10-5M, and 10-5M, respectively. In vivo studies were conducted by injecting MDA-MB-231 cells into SCID mice to determine tumor regression was measured over 20 days. DJ52 at 50mg/kg caused significant decrease in tumor volume (p value <.05) by nearly 50% compared with the control with vehicle alone. These data suggest that DJ52 has merit for further evaluation as a novel anticancer agent.
The HEAL, Phase II Project: Enhancing Features of an Electronic Medical Record System to Improve Adherence to Asthma Guidelines
Authors: Rapp Kristi Isaac , Jack Leonard , Post Robert , Flores Jose , Morris Nancy , Arnaud Roslyn , Malveaux Floyd , Woodall-Ruff Denise , Sanders Margaret , Denham Stacey , Sunda-Meya Doryne , Wilson Candice
Published: February 2013

This article describes the implementation of an enhanced electronic medical record (EMR) system in three community health care centers in the Greater New Orleans area of Louisiana. This report may aid efforts directed at the implementation of enriched tools, such as decision support, in an EMR with the goal of improving pediatric asthma outcomes.
Does Distance Decay Modelling of Supermarket Accessibility Predict Fruit and Vegetable Intake by Individuals in a Large Metropolitan Area?
Authors: Robinson Paul L. , Dominguez Fred , Teklehaimanot Senait , Lee Martin , Brown Arleen , Goodchild Michael
Published: February 2013

Obesity, a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases is influenced by geographic accessibility to supermarkets, which has been shown to affect nutritional behaviors. Purpose . To determine how individual fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption was independently influenced by accessibility to supermarkets, and to quantify that relationship. Methods . A distance decay based model was specified for a random sample (n=7,514) of urban residents. Associations between FV consumption and accessibility to supermarkets were explored, controlling for factors known to influence eating behaviors. Results . There was as independent effect of accessibility to supermarkets, even after the inclusion of the significant controlling factors of age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and knowledge of nutritional guidelines. Conclusion . Our model of accessibility was an effective predictor of FV consumption in an urban population, setting the stage for inclusion of supply and demand parameters, and estimation of local factors that contribute to differential obesity rates.
Clinical Pharmacist Services in a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Clinic
Authors: Conrad Ariane O. , Dubin Robert L. , Uwaifo Gabriel I.
Published: February 2013

A multidisciplinary approach to weight loss is necessary to manage obesity. Medications are important in the management strategy, and pharmacists can enhance the care provided. This paper focuses on the integration of a clinical pharmacist into a multidisciplinary team at a weight management clinic serving medically indigent patients in New Orleans.
Procedural Justice in Human Rights Adjudication: The European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Brems Eva , Lavrysen Laurens
Published: February 2013

The social psychological theory of procedural justice emphasizes the fundamental importance of procedural fairness judgments in shaping citizens' satisfaction and compliance with the outcome of a legal process and in strengthening the legitimacy of legal institutions. This article explores the benefit of applying procedural justice criteria (participation, neutrality, respect, and trust) in human rights adjudication, with a particular focus on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). It is argued that the ECtHR should take these criteria into account both at the level of its own proceedings and in evaluating how human rights have been dealt with at the domestic level.
Representation of the Kurds by the Turkish Judiciary
Authors: Bayır Derya
Published: February 2013

Although the tensions around Kurdish ethnic identity throughout the history of the Turkish Republic and the extent of human rights violations against Kurds are well documented, little research exists about the role played by the Turkish judiciary in relation to the legal position, demands, and identity of the Kurds. An analysis of the role of the judiciary is demanded, especially given its position as one of the guardians of the foundational values of the Turkish state. This article analyzes how Turkey's judiciary has navigated the demands of Kurdish people, how it has represented Kurds, and to what extent it has accommodated their alterity in its jurisprudence.
No Room at the International Table: The Importance of Designing Effective Litmus Tests for Minority Protection at Home
Authors: Castellino Joshua
Published: February 2013

Despite being at the forefront of the development of human rights law, minority rights as a sui generis discourse has slipped away from the forefront of the international human rights regime. This has occurred despite the continued salience of questions concerning identity in international law and politics. This paper argues that the closing down of space at international level has meant that further developments protecting individuals irrespective of their identity, are more likely to come at national level, and suggests theaters, theories, and models in various states, where minorities are currently negotiating policies that are worth considering and replicating elsewhere.
"To see Themselves as Others see Them": The Five Permanent Members of the Security Council and the Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review
Authors: Smith Rhona
Published: February 2013

The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (indeed all UN member states) have completed the first cycle of the United Nations Human Rights Council's universal periodic review of their compliance with human rights. While they were treated the same from a procedural point of view, this new mechanism represented a unique opportunity for other UN member states to examine the permanent five's human rights records, commenting thereon. Thus the interactive dialogue and resulting recommendations presented a unique opportunity to see themselves as others see them. Will they have liked what they saw?
Misperceptions of Freedom of Religion or Belief
Authors: Bielefeldt Heiner
Published: February 2013

Freedom of religion or belief has been recognized as an international human right; however, some recent conceptualizations may blur its status as a human right by undermining the principles of universalism, freedom, and equality. This happens under different auspices, such as: combating defamation of religions, preserving a state imposed interreligious harmony, or promoting ideological versions of state secularism. In addition, some question the interrelatedness of freedom of religion and other human rights. By discussing typical misperceptions, this article aims to rebuild a consensus on the significance of freedom of religion or belief as a universal human right.
R2P and Pragmatic Liberal Interventionism: Values in the Service of Interests
Authors: Graubart Jonathan
Published: February 2013

Supporters of the humanitarian intervention component of the "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P) have been guided by what the article refers to as pragmatic liberal interventionism. In the name of viability they propose legalization of a regime in which the United States and its allies exert a disproportionate influence and are guided by a mix of values and interests. This article confronts this perspective through scrutiny of the underlying premises. Through a close review of US military-security policies and their detrimental impact on past US-led interventions, this article demonstrates the perils of an R2P-enabled regime of humanitarian intervention. Besides being poorly suited for genuine mitigation of human rights atrocities, such a skewed regime will buttress a persistently aggressive US militarism and reinforce structural inequalities. This article concludes by sketching an alternative framework of moral responsibility and global solidarity, one that links human rights advocacy to resistance to the dominant order, not accommodation.
The Human Rights Paradox: Intellectual Property Rights and Rights of Access to Science
Authors: Plomer Aurora
Published: February 2013

The right of everyone to share in the benefits of science has been enshrined in human rights instruments since the last century, originally in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and subsequently in Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The right was generally perceived as "obscure" and its interpretation widely neglected until the expansion of the international intellectual property (IP) regime under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) prompted an upsurge of legal scholarship and reports from international organizations seeking to address the "human rights paradox." The paradox is claimed to arise from the juxtaposition in human rights instruments of individual rights over intellectual creations against the rights of everyone to "share in scientific advancement and its benefits." This article draws on archived documentation to show that the paradox rests on a conceptual obfuscation of human rights and IP rights and is at odds both with the historical record on the aims of the drafters of the UDHR and the philosophical and legal foundations of human rights and IP rights. The drafting history of Article 27 shows that delegations from South American socialist countries backed the French initiative to include rights of authors and inventors to the protection of their intellectual creations, while the US, UK, and former Anglo-Saxon colonies opposed the proposal to the very end. Yet, behind the paradoxical political alignments there are important areas of convergence on the underlying philosophies and moral rationales which led to the adoption of Article 27 of the UDHR.
Muslim Women's Equality in India: Applying a Human Rights Framework
Authors: Narain Vrinda
Published: February 2013

Located at the intersection of community and nation, public law and private law, Muslim women are simultaneously included and excluded from the enjoyment of equal rights. Applying the notion of human rights offers the possibility of analyzing this disjuncture between formally guaranteed constitutional rights and state-legitimized discrimination under the religious personal law in a way that relates women's experience of discrimination to the narrative of the law. Exploring religious personal law, this article evaluates the potential of a human rights framework as an analytical tool to challenge Muslim women's exclusion from equal citizenship in India. Increasingly, the Supreme Court of India is turning to international human rights law to interpret constitutional guarantees of equality and freedom from discrimination. Examining universal norms of human rights, this article considers the emancipatory potential of this discourse for the particular situation of Muslim women in India. Evaluating the possibility for Muslim women to move towards equality through the translation of human rights from a universal to a local context, this article evaluates the potential and promise of universal norms of human rights to recognize their equality rights, that paradoxically, cultural relativist arguments might, in this particular context, preclude.
Commemorative Economies and the Politics of Solidarity in Shatila Camp
Authors: Allan Diana
Published: February 2013

This article examines the politics of Nakba commemoration in a Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon and the instrumentalization of memories of the 1948 expulsion by NGOs and factions. It considers the role eyewitness accounts of the 1948 expulsion play in the production of Palestinian nationalism in exile, as well as the transformations occurring in the way younger generations relate to this critical event. It suggests that Palestine studies may have overemphasized the conceptual potency of nationalist narratives of the Nakba, and that their discursive prominence today more often reflects their role in securing local and international visibility, patronage, and resources than their continuing power to infuse the present and future with meaning for the refugees themselves.
Inhabiting Unfinished Pasts: Law, Transitional Justice, and Mourning in Postwar Peru
Authors: Rojas-Perez Isaias
Published: February 2013

This article examines the possibility of mourning and justice without the body and its implications for political community in the aftermath of state atrocities. It focuses on the forensic exhumation of clandestine mass graves at the military base of Los Cabitos, the headquarters of the 1980s and 1990s counterinsurgency campaign in the Peruvian south-central Andes. These procedures uncovered technologies of body disposal used by the military that made impossible the identification of victims of state terror. In the face of this impossibility, relatives of the disappeared have appropriated the unknown remains to articulate forms of political mourning and justice that speak truth to power through ordinary languages and tropes.
The Logic of Reconciliation: Between the Right to Compensation and the Right to Justice in Turkey
Authors: Biner Zerrin Özlem
Published: February 2013

This article analyses the processes and outcomes associated with legal reforms designed to provide restorative justice in the context of contemporary Turkey. Focusing on the practices and discourses associated with the Compensation Law, it explores both state practices and the survival mechanisms of Kurdish citizens living in the conflict zone. The article shows that the Compensation Law did not transform the relationship between the state and Kurdish citizens. Rather, it reproduced the symbolic and material relationships that historically and politically had been based on bribery, disavowal, abuse, and subversion.
Swineherders: An Interview with Murtada Bulbul
Authors: Sliwinski Sharon , Majumdar Anushree
Published: February 2013

Sharon Sliwinski, with the aid of Anushree Majumdar, interviews photographer Murtada Bulbul.
Swineherders
Authors: Bulbul Murtada
Published: February 2013

In the traditional Indian caste system, the Dalit caste is considered lowest, untouchable, having the fewest advantages. Socially its members have been considered profane by upper castes. Approximately 4.5 million Dalit live in Bangladesh. 65 percent are illiterate and very poor. They still make their living within their hereditary professions, of which swineherding is one. In Bangladesh, swineherds lead an unusual, gypsy-like existence. Their families live in a particular place while the men go out with their herds to various places for feeding, constantly moving, living in tents of bamboo, plastic, and paper. They usually stay three to four days in a given place, sometimes up to a week, depending on the availability of food for their pigs.
The Storyteller: Observations on Murtada Bulbul's "Swineherders"
Authors: Sliwinski Sharon
Published: February 2013

This review engages Murtada Bulbul's series of photographs of Bangladeshi swineherders (published in this issue), casting the photographer's treatment as that of a storyteller. On one hand, this treatment suggests the importance of visual-cultural forms for the very legibility of human rights. On the other hand, Bulbul's pictures can teach us something about what it means to live a "bare life," that is, to live at the edges of the human community.
Speaking Truth to Reconciliation: Political Transition, Recovery, and the Work of Time
Authors: Stauffer Jill
Published: February 2013

In every scene of political reconciliation there is a complicated set of bad relationships that must be transformed before longterm stability is possible. Successful recovery requires more than the rule of law in stable political institutions. Most theories of transitional justice assume liberalism's autonomous subject as a background and a goal. However, autonomy cannot instruct us in how to restore it where it has been lost or never gained in the first place. Understanding the subject as vulnerable and responsive to others prior to having the autonomy to choose otherwise better captures both how recovery is possible and why it is always fragile, needing to be revisited over time as the past resurfaces in unexpected ways. Using both philosophy and empirical evidence to demonstrate how worlds are destroyed by mass violence, this essay argues for a more nuanced understanding of the selves who seek recovery, not least because it is they who will accept or reject a new institution of the rule of law.
"That Gesture of Recognition": An Interview with Salomón Lerner Febres
Authors: Drabinski John E.
Published: February 2013

John E. Drabinski interviews Salomón Lerner Febres.
Preface to Dossier on Rethinking Post-Conflict Resolution
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika , Biner Zerrin Özlem
Published: February 2013

The editors of the dossier on reconciliation explain the aims and central themes of the articles.
Reconciliation and Founding Wounds
Authors: Drabinski John E.
Published: February 2013

This essay offers a set of reflections on the meaning of reconciliation in the context of the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In particular, this essay asks about the relation between ideas of reconciliation and the originating wound toward which reconciliation work is directed. It is here argued that, in the case of the United States, the wound of slavery calls for "conciliation," not "reconciliation." If we conceive political community to be a kind of friendship, then the originating wound of the United States (and perhaps the Americas as a whole) calls for a first friendship, not the repair or remaking of relations suggested by the term "reconciliation."
Claiming the State: Postwar Reconciliation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika
Published: February 2013

Civil war in Sri Lanka ended in 2009 with the military defeat of the separatist LTTE. International and local pressure around war crime allegations and the lack of political reform subsequently forced the state to initiate the 2010 Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission. This essay first takes the LLRC and the minority response to it to argue that this reconciliation process in Sri Lanka is very little about ethnic reconciliation between communities and instead is a "state performance" in the midst of ongoing violence. Secondly, the essay takes into account everyday relationships between displaced Sri Lankan Tamils returning "home." The essay argues that long-term reconciliation between former neighbors rests upon the possibility of larger political transformation rather than face-to-face coexistence alone.
"Archetypes of Humanitarian Discourse": Child Soldiers, Forced Marriage, and the Framing of Communities in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone
Authors: Ferme Mariane C.
Published: February 2013

Transitional justice initiatives that sought to remedy the atrocities committed during the 1991-2002 civil war in Sierra Leone articulated particular notions of rights-bearing individuals and collectivities. This article critically examines assumptions about rural life and communities of belonging emerging from such initiatives and about the agency of women and children in particular. The signature indictments at the Special Court for Sierra Leone—for child soldier conscription and forced marriage—contributed to their establishment as archetypal figures in the discourse of humanitarian justice in ways that belied actual trial testimony. In particular, court arguments surrounding the forced marriage question highlighted the sometimes contradictory relationship between human rights and humanitarian law.
At Home Among the Dead: North Americans and the 1825 Guamacaro Slave Insurrection
Authors: Chambers Stephen
Published: February 2013

This article considers the role of American citizens from the U.S. North in the 1825 Guamacaro Cuban slave insurrection. North American participation in the ‘agro-industrial graveyard’ of the Cuban slave regime both reinforces and complicates scholars’ recognition of slavery as a national, rather than sectional, bedrock of U.S. state-formation. When convenient or profitable, the character of U.S. slavery was also trans-national. This little-known slave revolt, in which hundreds of Africans burned sugar and coffee plantations owned and operated by Americans, led to a hardening of the heart among Northern planters, who responded not with debates about emancipation or aspirations for amelioration, but with heads on pikes. I argue that the capitalism of the U.S. North and Caribbean slavery were interdependent, not merely in the push-and-pull of trade but in the ease with which Northerners changed their names and raised the Cuban whip. The brutality of the Northern response in Cuba demonstrates how readily the logic of the Caribbean slave regime impacted trans-national cultural sensibilities: the moral geographies of the U.S. – Cuban Atlantic World were as malleable as the trade routes they followed.
Prophetstown for Their Own Purposes: The French, Miamis, and Cultural Identities in the Wabash–Maumee Valley
Authors: Bottiger Patrick
Published: February 2013

Most scholars would agree that the frontier was a violent place. But only recently have academics begun to examine the extent to which frontier settlers used violence as a way to empower themselves and to protect their interests. Moreover, when historians do talk about violence, they typically frame it as the by-product of American nationalism and expansion. For them, violence is the logical result of the American nation state’s dispossessing American Indians of their lands. Perhaps one of the most striking representations of the violent transition from frontier to nation state is that of Indiana Territory’s contested spaces.

While many scholars see this violence as the logical conclusion to Anglo-American expansionist aims, I argue that marginalized French, Miamis, and even American communities created a frontier atmosphere conducive to violence (such as that at the Battle of Tippecanoe) as a means to empower their own agendas. Rather than a moment of defeat for the French and Miamis, the violence at Tippecanoe was in fact the culmination of years of manipulating regional diplomacy. The French and Miamis watched in horror as their borderland began collapsing in 1787 as American settlement ushered in a period of chaos and violence. Rather than simply abandon their ethnic interests and familial obligations, the French and Miamis chose to rework, shape, and use the violence that was becoming increasingly uncontrollable and endemic to the region.
The Authority of the Imagination in an Age of Wonder
Authors: Cayton Andrew
Published: February 2013

Historians of the early American republic should pay attention to novels because the people we study paid attention to them. The sudden popularity of novels is a historical development that requires a historical explanation. Literary texts are historical documents that reveal not only the preoccupations of large numbers of people but a way of organizing experience that acquired widespread legitimacy between 1800 and 1850. We might benefit from reading novels less literally and more for what they reveal about the shifting structure of discourse and discourse communities. We need to consider them not as sources of information or cultural values but as a dynamic genre that underscores the persistence of eighteenth-century ideas about commerce and sympathy into the nineteenth century. They challenge our preoccupation with categories. Not everyone in the early nineteenth century fit within national borders or political models; most everyone in the early nineteenth century was a fluctuating compound of competing identities. Because novels were constructed around careless conversations and half-finished sentences, because they celebrated choice and change over time, they captured that dynamic process more effectively than any other genre. Novels also remind us that for many contemporaries the age of revolution was less about an embrace of liberty as the apotheosis of the autonomous individual free to act as he saw fit than the embrace of liberty as a voluntary location of one’s self within overlapping social networks, with seeking other perspectives on individual behavior, and with comprehending the often ironic extent to which the price of one person’s liberty is the slavery of another. The novels celebrate the interdependence of human beings.
Mr. Tashtego: Native American Whalemen in Antebellum New England
Authors: Shoemaker Nancy
Published: February 2013

American Indian men from coastal New England made their living in the American whaling industry from its seventeenth-century origins into the early twentieth century. When the industry began a major expansion in the 1830s and 1840s, native whalemen became even more important as skilled officers who ruled over the increasingly unskilled laborers of all races and nationalities who came to inhabit whaleship forecastles. Contrary to stereotypes, such as Herman Melville’s Tashtego in Moby Dick (1851), Native American whalemen did more than just harpoon whales. They looked to the whaling industry for income and status that was otherwise inaccessible to men of color in antebellum New England: if they persisted in the industry, which many of them did, they could easily rise to become third and second mates, sometimes first mates and in one instance, in the case of Amos Haskins, even captain. The whaling industry was not color-blind in its hiring practices, and racial prejudice still had an effect on native whalemen’s experiences. However, the whaleship also constituted a unique social world, where rank reigned supreme over other social hierarchies, fleetingly overturning the racial hierarchies of everyday life in New England to give Indian men a modicum of power, prestige and privilege -- but only while on a whaleship.
Looking Beyond Parties and Elections: The Making of United States Tariff Policy during the Early 1820s
Authors: Peart Daniel
Published: February 2013

“The vital interests of a great nation are too valuable to be offered a sacrifice to any man or any party.” So wrote Mathew Carey, vocal advocate of protection for American manufactures, in response to the defeat of the Baldwin tariff bill during the first session of the Sixteenth Congress (December 1819 – May 1820). Yet if Carey and his protectionist allies would not trust parties to make policy, then who would take the lead in addressing matters of public concern? And if partisan identities continued to prevail come election day, then how could those who rejected party hope to influence deliberations in the national legislature? This article seeks to answer these questions through reference to the debate surrounding the Baldwin tariff bill, which proposed to raise import duties in order to protect domestic industry from foreign competition. It shows that Carey and his allies developed an alternative mobilization strategy centered on non-partisan voluntary associations, and employed a variety of devices including petitioning and lobbying in their bid to shape federal policy. This episode demonstrates that if we want to better understand “who gets what, why, and how”, we must look beyond parties and elections for a more holistic approach to the politics of the early republic.
History, Myth, and Divine Dialogue in Martin Buber's Biblical Commentaries
Authors: Sufrin Claire E.
Published: February 2013

This article addresses the tension between history and myth in three biblical commentaries written by the German-Jewish thinker Martin Buber (1878-1965): Königtum Gottes (Kingship of God, 1933); Torat Ha-nevi'im (The Prophetic Faith, 1942); and Moshe (Moses, 1945). I argue that these commentaries represent a distinct, late stage in the development of Buber's biblical hermeneutics, and I examine them closely to offer a new perspective on his life's work and to illustrate how he drew theological conclusions from sacred text using techniques of close reading and historical critical analysis. I begin with an analysis of Buber's reading of the book of Judges in Königtum Gottes and then continue to his account of the covenant-forming events at Mount Sinai in Moshe. Finally, I turn to Torat Ha-nevi'im and Buber's understanding of the relationship between God and the people in the context of the destruction of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. I show that Buber's aim in the commentaries was to articulate the narrative of what he saw as the "true history" of Judaism, with Judaism understood as a theological tradition developed by individuals in dialogical relationship with God. His examination of particular instances of human-divine relationship in the biblical narrative lends nuance to this understanding. Thus, aspects of Buber's commentaries may also be read as revisions of the philosophy of dialogue for which he is best known.
Ira Regis : Comedic Inflections of Royal Rage in Jewish Court Tales
Authors: Chan Michael J.
Published: February 2013

This article deals with the largely unexplored motif of royal anger in the Jewish court tales. In addition to presenting material on the motif's distribution, lexical and syntactical profile, and narrative function, I argue that Daniel 2, 3, Esther, and Bel and the Snake develop the motif of the king's anger along comedic lines. These humorous depictions of royal anger, of course, did not take place in isolation from their narrative surroundings. Rather, they were part of a general trend at work in the genre to demystify the king by subjecting him and his habitat to comedic representation. The king, in these tales, is wrenched from the realm of myth and ritual and squarely placed into crosshairs of the comedian. I further argue that such representations of the king are what James Scott refers to as "hidden transcripts"—a subordinate form of critical discourse that often manifests itself in "rumor, gossip, folktales, jokes, songs, rituals, codes, and euphemisms…." These findings, in turn, are related to the broader body of scholarly literature on Jewish humor, ancient and contemporary.
The Reception of Sefer Yetsirah and Jewish Mysticism in the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Weiss Tzahi
Published: February 2013

The history of the interpretation of Sefer Yetsirah has been commonly divided in scholarship into two periods: the first one, between the 10th and the 12th centuries A.D., designated as the Philosophical-Scientific period and the second period from the end of the 12th century on which was considered to be of mystical and magical character. The main purpose of the present study is to demonstrate that already in its early period of interpretation Sefer Yetsirah was understood by many of its readers as having mythical, mystical and magical significations which left their traces and are echoed in early manuscripts of the book, in glosses that were inserted into the book and in non-Jewish testimonies.
A Sixteenth-Century Debate on the Jewish Calendar: Jacob Christmann and Joseph Justus Scaliger
Authors: Nothaft Carl Philipp Emanuel
Published: February 2013

This article explores the background and details of a forgotten debate on the history of the Jewish calendar, which took place between the chronologer and philologist Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) and the Heidelberg Hebraist Jacob Christmann (1554-1613) at the end of the 16th century. Special attention is paid to Scaliger's erroneous and peculiar analysis of the contemporary Jewish calendar in the first edition of his famed Opus de emendatione temporum (1583), which is here reconstructed and explained for the first time. It is shown how Scaliger's views changed in between the first and second edition of his Opus and how these may have been influenced by Christmann's criticism. Furthermore, it will be argued that the strong interest in the Jewish calendar, as manifested in the Scaliger-Christmann controversy, goes back to a medieval Christian desire to improve understanding of the Gospel narratives pertaining to the Passion of Jesus and to fix the historical date of the crucifixion. The article also relates Scaliger's and Christmann's arguments regarding the history of the Jewish calendar to those made by the Italian Jewish scholar Azariah de' Rossi (1511/12-1577) and places these debates in the wider context of the Christian Hebraism of the Renaissance.