bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staking Options for Sustainable Yam Production in Ghana
Authors: Danquah Eric Owusu , Ennin Stella A. , Lamptey Joseph N. L. , Acheampong Patricia P.
Published: December 2014

The study evaluated staking options to address the problem of deforestation for sustainable yam production in the Forest and Forest-Savannah Transition zones of Ghana. A split-plot design with three yam varieties (Dente, Water Yam and TDR95/19177 line) and three staking options (No staking, Vertical staking and Trellis with 50% and 30% number of vertical stakes for 2012 and 2013 respectively) as main plots and subplots respectively were used. Results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between yam variety and staking options on yam tuber yields in both locations and years. While water yam had similar tuber yields under all staking options, Dente and TDR95/19177 under no staking had significant yield reductions ranging from 37 to 65% compared to the other staking options. The observed yield reduction under no staking of Dente and TDR95/19177 could be attributed to higher incidence of yam mosaic virus leading to significantly lower fresh leaf biomass production. Reducing the number of stakes in trellis to as low as 30% of the vertical/optimum staking option did not result in a significant reduction in tuber yields for TDR95/19177 and Water yam. The economic analysis revealed that it is more profitable to produce water yam and TDR95/19177 under no staking and trellis (50% and 30% number of optimum staking) respectively in both locations. The results suggest trellis/minimum staking can be used to minimize the use of stakes, yam mosaic virus disease infection and for sustainable yam production in the face of climate change.
A Silent And In-Depth Transformation Of Civil Society In Colombia Through ADR
Authors: Bernal Gutiérrez Rafael
Published: December 2014

A Silent And In-Depth Transformation Of Civil Society In Colombia Through ADR

Colombia has been a territory with some social and political difficulties which have affected several dynamics of the community as well as the legal security in almost all levels of the Colombian society. The alternative dispute resolution mechanisms arise as a response for all the gaps that such circumstances produce in the country and as useful tools to solve numerous disputes in different fields. The Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá, through its Arbitration and Conciliation Center founded in 1983, is making a permanent bet to support the Colombian citizens’ coexistence in the schools, in the neighbourhoods, in the companies that provide jobs as well as benefits to the city and to the whole country. Clever strategies have been developed through the years with three purposes: change the culture about the alternative dispute resolution methods, provide confidence in using them and change the way the people manage their conflicts.
Adefovir dipivoxil-induced development of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome during the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis
Authors: Staltari Orietta , Caroleo Benedetto , Michniewicz Andzelika , De Sarro Giovambattista , Perticone Franco , Gallelli Luca
Published: December 2014

Adefovir dipivoxil is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat adult patients affected by HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B and with clinical evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). Adefovir administered at a dosage of 10 mg/day is generally well tolerated, even if renal toxicity, type Fanconi syndrome, was reported during long-term treatments.We report a case of osteomalacia with Fanconi syndrome and pathologic fracture of the femur related to long-time (67 months) adefovir treatment (10 mg/day) in a patient with compensated hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis (Child 5A) and with a previous normal renal function (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate before adefovir = 78.26 ml/min/1.73 m2; during adefovir treatment = 57.38 ml/min/1.73 m2). The patient was switched to entecavir at a dose of 1 mg/day, with both suppression of viremia and improvement of osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome; the patient’s follow-up is still ongoing after 22 months.
Venous tromboembolism treatment: budget impact analysis of rivaroxaban in Italy
Authors: Roggeri Daniela Paola , Roggeri Alessandro , Pengo Vittorio
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently leading to severe complications, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and requires high cost healthcare intevention. Rivaroxaban, a novel oral factor Xa inhibitor approved for treatment of DVT, PE and reduction of the risk of recurrence, may represent a cost‑effective anticoagulant choice.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of the use of rivaroxaban for preventing DVT and PE in Italy.METHODS: We conducted a budget impact analysis to estimate clinical outcomes and economic consequences associated to rivaroxaban vs. standard therapy (low molecular weight heparin + vitamin K antagonists) in the prevention of DVT and PE, over a three‑year time horizon. In the analysis we performed two hypothesis: complete replacement of LMWH/VKA with rivaroxaban (hypothesis 1) and partial and progressive replacement of LMWH/VKA in the first three years of reimbursement (hypothesis 2). Only direct healthcare costs have been considered.RESULTS: Total replacement of LMWH/VKA with rivaroxaban in DVT and PE is associated to a reduction of recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism, major bleeding, vascular events and mortality, with an expenditure saving of about € 11.3 mln (DVT) and € 6.6 mln (PE), corresponding to an average savings per patient treated with rivaroxaban amounted to € 112.9 and € 123,3, respectively. In hypothesis 2 it is estimated that 22%, 25%, and 27% of DVT patients and 12%, 16%, and 20% of PE patients, would be treated with rivaroxaban over the first three years. This would translate into a total saving on healthcare expenditure of € 8.4 mln for DVT and € 3.2 mln for PE and reduction of length of stay with a slight increase in pharmaceutical expenditure.CONCLUSIONS: Rivaroxaban provides significant advantages in terms of events avoided and related costs that would result in a reduction in the total expenditure on the Italian NHS.
Encouraging Collocational and Colligational Fluency: Pedagogical Chunking, Word and Verb Mapping, Pause Reading and Other Strategies
Authors: De Rycker Antoon
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to provide an exploratory overview of second-language classroom activities that can be used in order to stimulate students’ collocational and colligational fluency. For at least two decades, it has been acknowledged in second language vocabulary acquisition research that lexical proficiency extends beyond knowledge of single words, and thus, learners should be given exposure to longer stretches of language, i.e., what is sometimes referred to as “chunks”. After briefly discussing the motivation behind this theoretical stance, this paper will present and discuss a range of strategies that learners can successfully employ to notice, store and actively produce the many multi-word expressions that make up the bulk of language in use. The relevance of the current study lies primarily in its pedagogical implications. The selection of strategies has been based on a review of the current literature into the teaching of phraseology as well as the author’s own reflective practice. One of the main findings to emerge from this paper is that though many strategies have been suggested, only a small minority has been subjected to empirical or experimental verification, and that practitioners like curriculum developers, materials writers and teachers should be advised to judge the available array of activities critically.
Clozapine-induced neutropenia: A review of lithium and other currently available options
Authors: Deardorff O. Greg , Ripperger Kristin D.
Published: December 2014

Available options are limited for patients with neutropenia needing to be initiated or maintained on clozapine therapy. A common strategy that is often utilized in these patients is the use of lithium as augmentation to clozapine, which enables the health care provider a means of continuing or initiating clozapine therapy. This article reviews the mechanism and literature evidence behind this treatment strategy.
How to increase medication adherence: What works?
Authors: Ehret Megan J. , Wang Matthew
Published: December 2014

Many studies have aimed to identify risk factors contributing to medication nonadherence with the goal of developing interventions to improve adherence rates. Several different intervention strategies have been studied. Psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational interviewing have all positively influenced medication adherence and combinations of these approaches may bring about better results than one approach alone. In addition, pharmacists' intervention through answering patients' questions, performing follow up phone calls, offering additional education, and changing of medications or doses, may help the patient and ultimately lead to an increase in medication adherence and disease state improvement.
New Drug Review-Ezogabine (Potiga): Seizing the seizure
Authors: Gonzalez Misty L.
Published: December 2014

Ezogabine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June of 2011. This article reviews clinically significant aspects of this new drug including: the FDA-approved indications, mechanism of action, administration, drug interactions, adverse effects, clinical trial evidence, innovative properties and place in therapy.
Quantitative Assessment of the Reinforcement Distribution Homogeneity in CNT/Metal Composites
Authors: Rossi Paulo , Suarez Sebastian , Soldera Flavio , Mücklich Frank
Published: December 2014

Reinforcement distribution has a major influence on composite material behavior. This work presents a method to quantitatively analyze the reinforcement distribution homogeneity in metal matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes. The method is based on the statistical two‐dimensional analysis of the CNT cluster distribution within defined regions. A subsequent analysis of the material hardness allowed a correlation to the homogeneity, highlighting the influence of the CNT distribution. This analysis provides a straightforward and objective assessment of the reinforcement distribution, applicable to other types of composites.
Mo–Si–B Coating for Improved Oxidation Resistance of Niobium
Authors: Lu‐Steffes Otto J. , Su Linfen , Jackson Dana M. , Perepezko John H.
Published: December 2014

A Mo–Si–B based coating was applied to niobium that produced a coating structure composed of molybdenum and niobium silicides. Oxidation tests at 1000 °C and 1200 °C showed that the Mo–Si–B coating provided enhanced oxidation protection of niobium due to the formation of a protective aluminosilica layer. The coating performance was identified to be limited by the formation of NbB2 during the pack cementation process. A revised coating treatment was implemented using TiB2 as the boron source to reduce the NbB2 formation. The Mo–Si–B coating utilizing plasma spray deposition of Mo and a revised pack cementation exhibited a mass change of 0.44 mg cm−2 after TGA testing at 1300 °C for 24 h.
Efficient Field Emission from Vertically Aligned Cu2O1‐δ(111) Nanostructure Influenced by Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Nandy Suman , Thapa Ranjit , Kumar Mohit , Som Tapobrata , Bundaleski Nenad , Teodoro Orlando M. N. D. , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira
Published: December 2014

In the architecture described, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is tamed to be highly (111) plane oriented nanostructure through adjusting the deposition postulate by glancing angle deposition technique. In the controlled atmosphere oxygen vacancy is introduced into the Cu2O crystal subsequently fostering an impurity energy state (Eim) close to the conduction band. Our model of Cu2O electronic structure using density functional theory suggests that oxygen vacancies enhance the electron donating ability because of unshared d‐electrons of Cu atoms (nearest to the vacancy site), allowing to pin the work function energy level around 0.28 eV compared to the bulk. This result is also complemented by Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. Oxygen vacancy in Cu2O (Cu2O1‐δ) exhibits promising field emission properties with interesting field electron tunneling behavior at different applied fields. The films show very low turn‐on and threshold voltages of value 0.8 and 2.4 V μm−1 respectively which is influenced by the oxygen vacancy. Here, a correlation between the work function modulation due to the oxygen vacancy and enhancement of field emission of Cu2O1–δ nanostructure is demonstrated. This work reveals a promising new vision for Cu2O as a low power field emitter device.
Asymmetric N‐Allylic Alkylation of Hydrazones with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Yao Lu , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: December 2014

The first asymmetric N‐allylic alkylation of hydrazones with Morita‐Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates catalyzed by modified Cinchona alkaloids has been developed, affording N‐substituted hydrazones in good yields with exclusive regioselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. Subsequent transformations of the allylic alkylation products led to synthetically useful pyrazolidinones.

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Cooperative Lewis Pairs Based on Late Transition Metals: Activation of Small Molecules by Platinum(0) and B(C6F5)3
Authors: Forrest Sebastian J. K. , Clifton Jamie , Fey Natalie , Pringle Paul G. , Sparkes Hazel A. , Wass Duncan F.
Published: December 2014

A Lewis basic platinum(0)–CO complex supported by a diphosphine ligand and B(C6F5)3 act cooperatively, in a manner reminiscent of a frustrated Lewis pair, to activate small molecules such as hydrogen, CO2, and ethene. This cooperative Lewis pair facilitates the coupling of CO and ethene in a new way.
Regioselective Cage Opening of La2@D2(10611)‐C72 with 5,6‐Diphenyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazine
Authors: Yamada Michio , Muto Yasuhiro , Kurihara Hiroki , Slanina Zdenek , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Maeda Yutaka , Rubin Yves , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Nagase Shigeru , Lu Xing , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: December 2014

The thermal reaction of the endohedral metallofullerene La2@D2(10611)‐C72, which contains two pentalene units at opposite ends of the cage, with 5,6‐diphenyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazine proceeded selectively to afford only two bisfulleroid isomers. The molecular structure of one isomer was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The results suggest that the [4+2] cycloaddition was initiated in a highly regioselective manner at the CC bond connecting two pentagon rings of C72. Subsequent intramolecular electrocyclization followed by cycloreversion resulted in the formation of an open‐cage derivative having three seven‐membered ring orifices on the cage and a significantly elongated cage geometry. The reduction potentials of the open‐cage derivatives were similar to those of La2@D2‐C72 whereas the oxidation potentials were shifted more negative than those of La2@D2‐C72. These results point out that further oxidation could occur easily in the derivatives.
Preparation of metal ions impregnated polystyrene resins for adsorption of antibiotics contaminants in aquatic environment
Authors: Chao Yanhong , Zhu Wenshuai , Ye Zhihong , Wu Peiwen , Wei Nannan , Wu Xiangyang , Li Huaming
Published: December 2014

In this study, the strong‐acid polystyrene resin D001 was modified by impregnation with metal ions Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+to prepare new kinds of sorbents. The modified D001 was characterized by N2sorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sorption performance of the metal modified resins for removal of antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline (DC) from aquatic environment was investigated and excellent sorption capability with more than 98% removal ratio was observed for these resins after modification. Although these modified resins also presented pH‐dependent sorption, they showed much better flexibility with pH fluctuation than those of the unmodified original D001, and extremely strong sorption capability was exhibited in a wide range of pH 2–8 for both TC and DC. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation described the sorption process more reasonably than pseudo‐first‐order equation. Langmuir isotherm model provided the best match to the equilibrium data with monolayer maximum sorption capacity of 417–625 mg g−1under 288–318 K. The sorption capacity decreased with the increase of ionic strength of NaCl. The main sorption mechanism was proposed to be surface complexation, cation bridge interaction and electrostatic attraction/competition between antibiotics and metal modified resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41803.
Smoke and toxicity suppression by zinc salts in flame‐retardant polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate foams filled with phosphonate and chlorinated phosphate
Authors: Liu Xiu , Zhou You , Hao Jianwei , Du Jianxin
Published: December 2014

Three types of zinc salts, ZnAl2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Zn2SiO4, were prepared by coprecipitation. Potential smoke and toxicity suppression by zinc salts in flame‐retardant polyurethane‐polyisocyanurate foams (FPUR‐PIR) with dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) and tris (2‐chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) were investigated. The crystal structure and dispersity of zinc salts in FPUR‐PIR were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Smoke density, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation were studied using smoke density rating (SDR), limiting oxygen index (LOI), the cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetry coupled with FTIR spectrophotometry (TGA‐FTIR). The results indicated that pure zinc salts were obtained and evenly dispersed on the cell wall of FPUR‐PIR. SDR and the specific extinction area (SEA) were significantly decreased, the time to second heat release rate peak (pk‐HRR) of FRUP‐PIR was delayed after incorporation of the zinc salts; zinc salts partially inhibited phosphorus oxide release into the gas phase, enhanced the condensed phase effect of phosphorus, reduced, and prolonged the release of isocyanate compound and hydrogen cyanide from FRUP‐PIR; due to an increase in the amount of char residues, which indicated the suppression of smoke and toxicity volatiles. ZnFe2O4 resulted in better char formation at the initial degradation stage of FPUR‐PIR, and ZnAl2O4 retained more phosphorus in the solid phase at higher temperature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41846.
Fault Reconstruction for Continuous‐Time Systems Via Learning Observers
Authors: Jia Qingxian , Chen Wen , Zhang Yingchun , Li Huayi
Published: December 2014

This paper addresses the problem of learning observer (LO)‐based fault reconstruction in continuous‐time systems. An LO is constructed such that simultaneous reconstruction of system states and actuator faults can be guaranteed. Then, existence conditions of LOs are first introduced to verify whether or not the LOs for fault reconstruction exist. An effective LO‐design algorithm is explored such that observer gain matrices can be conveniently solved using linear matrix inequality technique. An extension to sensor‐fault reconstruction is also investigated. Finally, two simulation examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LO‐based fault‐reconstructing approaches.
Short-term morbidity and quality of life from a randomized clinical trial of close rectal dissection and total mesorectal excision in ileal pouch–anal anastomosis
Authors: Bartels S A L , Gardenbroek T J , Aarts M , Ponsioen C Y , Tanis P J , Buskens C J , Bemelman W A
Published: December 2014

Background

Posterior rectal dissection during ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) can be performed in the total mesorectal excision (TME) or close rectal dissection (CRD) plane. The aim of this study was to compare morbidity and quality of life (QoL) in patients having TME or CRD during proctectomy followed by IPAA for benign disease.

Methods

In this randomized clinical trial, patients undergoing IPAA were allocated to TME or CRD. Thirty-day morbidity was determined and QoL assessed using Short Form 36, GIQLI (GastroIntestinal Quality of Life Index) and COREFO (COloREctal Functional Outcome) questionnaires. The primary outcome (pouch compliance) of the trial is to be reported separately.

Results

Fifty-nine patients were included, 28 in the CRD and 31 in the TME group. Baseline data were similar, except for more previous abdominal surgery in the TME group. Operating time was longer for patients having CRD (195 min versus 166 min for TME; P = 0·008). More patients in the TME group had a primary defunctioning ileostomy (7 of 31 versus 1 of 28 for CRD; P = 0·055). Severe complications occurred more frequently in the TME group (10 of 31 versus 2 of 28 for CRD). QoL was better in the CRD group for several subscales of the questionnaires measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. At 12 months, QoL was similar in the two groups for all subscales.

Conclusion

CRD led to a lower severe complication rate and better short-term QoL than wide TME.
Altered reward processing in pathological computer gamers – ERP‐results from a semi‐natural Gaming‐Design
Authors: Duven Eva C. P. , Müller Kai W. , Beutel Manfred E. , Wölfling Klaus
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Internet Gaming Disorder has been added as a research diagnosis in section III for the DSM‐V. Previous findings from neuroscientific research indicate an enhanced motivational attention toward cues related to computer games, similar to findings in substance‐related addictions. On the other hand in clinical observational studies tolerance effects are reported by patients with Internet Gaming disorder. In the present study we investigated whether an enhanced motivational attention or tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder.

Methods

A clinical sample from the Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions in Mainz, Germany was recruited, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. In a semi‐natural EEG design participants played a computer game during the recording of event‐related potentials to assess reward processing.

Results

The results indicated an attenuated P300 for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder in response to rewards in comparison to healthy controls, while the latency of N100 was prolonged and the amplitude of N100 was increased.

Conclusions

Our findings support the hypothesis that tolerance effects are present in patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, when actively playing computer games. In addition, the initial orienting toward the gaming reward is suggested to consume more capacity for patients with Internet Gaming Disorder, which has been similarly reported by other studies with other methodological background in disorders of substance‐related addictions.
Design of Aromatic‐Containing Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Mimics with Structurally Modified π Electronics
Authors: deRonde Brittany M. , Birke Alexander , Tew Gregory N.
Published: December 2014

Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) and their synthetic mimics (CPPMs) represent a class of molecules that facilitate the intracellular delivery of various cargo. Previous studies indicated that the presence of aromatic functionalities improved CPPM activity. Given that aromatic functionalities play prominent roles in membrane biology and participate in various π interactions, we explored whether these interactions could be optimized for improved CPPM activity. CPPMs were synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization by using monomers that contained aromatic rings substituted with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups and covered an electrostatic potential range from −29.69 to +15.57 kcal mol−1. These groups altered the quadrupole moments of the aromatic systems and were used to test if such structural modifications changed CPPM activity. CPPMs were added to dye‐loaded vesicles and the release of carboxyfluorescein was monitored as a function of polymer concentration. Changes in the effective polymer concentration to release 50 % of the dye (effective concentration, EC50) were monitored. Results from this assay showed that the strength of the electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups incorporated in the CPPMs did not alter polymer EC50 values or activity. This suggests that other design parameters may have a stronger impact on CPPM activity. In addition, these results indicate that a wide range of aromatic groups can be incorporated without negatively impacting polymer activity.
A First‐Principles Study of Lithium Adsorption on a Graphene–Fullerene Nanohybrid System
Authors: Koh Wonsang , Moon Hye Sook , Lee Seung Geol , Choi Ji Ii , Jang Seung Soon
Published: December 2014

The mechanism of Li adsorption on a graphene–fullerene (graphene–C60) hybrid system has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The adsorption energy for Li atoms on the graphene–C60 hybrid system (−2.285 eV) is found to be higher than that on bare graphene (−1.375 eV), indicating that the Li adsorption on the former system is more stable than on the latter. This is attributed to the high affinity of Li atoms to C60 and the charge redistribution that occurs after graphene is mixed with C60. The electronic properties of the graphene–C60 system such as band structure, density of states, and charge distribution have been characterized as a function of the number of Li atoms adsorbed in comparison to those of the pure graphene and C60. Li adsorption is found to preferentially occur on the C60 side due to the high adsorption energy of Li on C60, which imparts a metallic character to the C60 in the graphene–C60 hybrid system.
Reduced operating voltage in nanotube‐shaped Ge2Sb2Te5 unites by nanosphere lithography
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Jinghai
Published: December 2014

Ge2Sb2Te5 Units for Phase Change Memory are fabricated on 2‐dimesional polystyrene (PS) template in a magnetron sputtering system. SEM and TEM observations show the Ge2Sb2Te5 nanotubes form on the 200 nm PS beads which are etched for 30 s. And the lengths of the nanotubes are tuned by the film deposition. HRTEM and the electron diffraction measurements confirm the phase transition between the amorphous and the crystallized state. Resistance–voltage measurements show the operating voltage of the Ge2Sb2Te5 nanotube‐shaped unit is reduced due to the small contact area with the bottom electrode, which indicates its potential applications for phase change memory.
Effect of recombinant human thyroid‐stimulating hormone or levothyroxine withdrawal on salivary gland dysfunction after radioactive iodine administration for thyroid remnant ablation
Authors: Iakovou Ioannis , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Tsinaslanidou Zinovia , Giannoula Evanthia , Katsikaki Grammatiki , Konstantinidis Iordanis
Published: December 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of sialadenitis and xerostomia within a year after radioactive iodine administration for thyroid remnant ablation after preparation with recombinant human thyroid‐stimulating hormone (rhTSH) or levothyroxine (LT4) withdrawal.

Methods

The study has included 121 patients, divided into 4 groups: group A (rhTSH = 100 mCi), group B (rhTSH = 70 mCi), group C (LT4 withdrawal = 100 mCi), and group D (LT4 withdrawal = 70 mCi). Study outcomes were Summated Xerostomia Inventory score and number of sialadenitis episodes after radioactive iodine administration.

Results

Salivary gland dysfunction was reported in 31% and 12% of patients, at the end of months 1 and 12, respectively. There was significantly lower incidence in groups A and B in comparison with groups C and D (p = .002 and .021, respectively).

Conclusion

The use of rhTSH for preparation of radioactive iodine ablation as opposed to LT4 withdrawal reduces the incidence of salivary gland dysfunction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E227–E230, 2016
Why Complementary HRM Practices Impact Performance: The Case of Rewards, Job Design, and Work Climate in a Knowledge‐Sharing Context
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Pedersen Torben , Reinholt Fosgaard Mia , Stea Diego
Published: December 2014

The strategic HRM literature suggests that HRM influences employees in combinations of practices that “fit” each other rather than as stand‐alone practices; however, it pays little attention to the underlying individual‐level mechanisms. In contrast, the HRM literature on knowledge sharing examines the influence of single practices on individual‐level knowledge sharing, but fails to include the influence of combinations of practices. We link the idea of fit between practices to employee motivation for knowledge sharing by arguing that rewards may be ambiguous and difficult to interpret, but that such ambiguity may be reduced if rewards are combined with other aligned HRM practices, notably job design and work climate. Thus, fit is established through the ambiguity‐reducing effect of combining specific HRM practices. Accordingly, we test for complementarities among rewards, job design, and work climate in the form of a three‐way interaction among these variables with respect to their impact on knowledge‐sharing motivation. Our analysis of 1,523 employees in five knowledge‐intensive firms shows that employees who are exposed to knowledge‐sharing rewards experience higher levels of autonomous motivation to share when they are simultaneously exposed to a noncontrolling job design and work climate that support knowledge sharing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Titanium implant impairment and surrounding muscle cell death following neuro‐myoelectrostimulation: An in vivo study
Authors: Lecocq Mathieu , Félix Marie‐Solenne , Linares Jean‐Marc , Chaves‐Jacob Julien , Decherchi Patrick , Dousset Erick
Published: December 2014

Electrical currents have deleterious effects on biomedical metallic implants. However, following arthroplasty, neuro‐myoelectrostimulation (NMES) is often used in patient rehabilitation. Such a rehabilitation technique could compromise patient recovery through deleterious effects on metallic alloys and biological tissues. The purpose of our study was to assess the effects of NMES on a Ti6Al4V implant placed in a rat tibial crest and the surrounding muscle tissues. This in vivo study allowed to bring to the fore the prosthesis behavior under mechanical and electromagnetic loads induced by NEMS stimulation. After 3 weeks, implant‐to‐bone adhesion significantly decreased in stimulated animals compared with nonstimulated animals. Surface mapping indicated titanium implant degradation after NMES. Furthermore, NMES alone did not induce muscle damage contrary to that found in implanted animals. The muscle damage rate was significantly higher in implanted and stimulated animals compared with implanted‐only animals. It seems obvious that rehabilitation programs using the NMES technique could induce early deterioration of biomaterial employed for surgical implants. Clinicians should reconsider the use of NMES as a rehabilitation technique for patients with titanium prostheses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1594–1601, 2015.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α‐Induced Protein‐8 Like‐2 (TIPE2) Upregulates p27 to Decrease Gastic Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhao Min , Dong Tianyi , Zhou Chengjun , Peng Yanping , Zhou Xiangyu , Fan Bingbing , Ma Wenzheng , Han Mingyong , Liu Shili
Published: December 2014

The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is not completely understood. Tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced protein‐8 like‐2 (TIPE2) has recently been identified as a novel negative regulator gene of the immune system, and studies in mice and humans have suggested its inhibitory action in both inflammation and cancer. In this study, we examined the expression levels of TIPE2 in human gastric cancer tissues and also samples of paraneoplastic control tissue, and found that TIPE2 expression was reduced in gastric cancer. To investigate the role of TIPE2 in gastric cell carcinogenesis, a TIPE2 plasmid was introduced into gastric cell lines and TIPE2 function was examined. Colony‐forming assays showed that restoration of TIPE2 expression in gastric cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle was reduced concomitant with TIPE2 expression, and cell apoptosis was maintained at a low level. Microarray and western blot analyses revealed that TIPE2 selectively up‐regulated N‐ras and p27 expression. The role of p27 in mediating TIPE2‐associated cell growth inhibition was verified by a p27 siRNA interference assay. In this study, we proved that TIPE2 is an inhibitor of gastric cancer cell growth, and suggest that TIPE2 might promote a p27‐associated signaling cascade that leads to restored control of the cell cycle and cell division. Our results provide a new molecular mechanism by which TIPE2 may regulate proliferation of gastric cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1121–1129, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients treated with first‐generation HCV protease inhibitors exhibit high ribavirin concentrations
Authors: Bodeau Sandra , Nguyen‐Khac Eric , Solas Caroline , Bennis Youssef , Capron Dominique , Duverlie Gilles , Brochot Etienne
Published: December 2014

Anemia is a well‐known RBV‐related event in HCV therapy which is exacerbated by the addition of telaprevir and boceprevir. This retrospective study evaluated and compared ribavirin exposure and parameters able to influence hemoglobin decrease in a large population of patients treated with dual or triple therapy. Patients on triple therapy had higher ribavirin concentrations at week 12 of treatment (3460 ng/mL vs. 1843 ng/mL; P < .0001). An association was also observed between week 12 eGFR and ribavirin concentration only for patients on triple therapy (P = .002). The proportion of patients with a  >20 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease in eGFR at week 12 was higher among patients on triple therapy: 32%, 14%, and 5% for boceprevir, telaprevir, and dual therapy, respectively (P = .025 and .026). No correlation was observed between boceprevir and telaprevir concentrations and hemoglobin or eGFR decrease. Exacerbation of anemia in patients on triple therapy is related to higher ribavirin concentrations. We provide an explanation for this increase in plasma RBV concentration. Triple therapy with PEG‐IFN, RBV, and telaprevir or boceprevir will remain the only HCV treatment option for many patients. Our data show that the RBV dose can be decreased while maintaining adequate plasma concentrations and reducing anemia.
A Brooks‐Type Theorem for the Bichromatic Number
Authors: Epple Dennis D. A. , Huang Jing
Published: December 2014

A classical theorem of Brooks in graph coloring theory states that every connected graph G has its chromatic number less than or equal to its maximum degree , unless G is a complete graph or an odd cycle in which case is equal to . Brooks' theorem has been extended to list colorings by Erdős, Rubin, and Taylor (and, independently, by Vizing) and to some of their variants such as list T‐colorings and pair‐list colorings. The bichromatic number is a relatively new parameter arisen in the study of extremal hereditary properties of graphs. This parameter simultaneously generalizes the chromatic number and the clique covering number of a graph.

In this article, we prove a theorem, akin to that of Brooks, which states that every graph G has its bichromatic number less than or equal to its bidegree , unless G belongs to a set of specified graphs in which case is equal to .
Implementation and evaluation of a rapid access palliative clinic in a New Zealand cancer centre
Authors: Casson Charlene , Round Glenys , Johnson Janet
Published: December 2014

Introduction

Palliative patients with metastatic bone pain endure long waiting times and multiple visits to radiation therapy departments for treatment. This can prolong suffering and may be a factor in patients consenting for treatment. Rapid Access Palliative Clinics (RAPC) have been established around the world to provide a multidisciplinary approach to consultation, simulation and treatment on the same day. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a RAPC at Waikato Regional Cancer Centre (WRCC) by reducing the time from referral to first specialist appointment (FSA).

Methods

The structure and process for the RAPC day was outlined and the roles of staff were defined. A retrospective study was undertaken of the 261 consecutive patients seen in the RAPC from April 2009 to April 2013. Tracking sheets were created to record patient information at the initial consultation. Follow‐up telephone calls were used to assess the patient post‐treatment. Patient information was entered into a database.

Results

A total of 226 patients received radiation therapy treatment to 307 sites. All patients were seen within 1 week of referral. Sixty‐three per cent of patients were simulated and treated on the same day. The change in radiation therapy fractionation prescriptions was statistically significant (P = 0.0012). There was a statistically significant difference between initial and follow‐up pain scores (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Evaluation of the clinic has shown that it compares favourably with similar international clinics. The RAPC has decreased the referral to FSA for palliative radiation therapy and reduced the number of visits the patient has to endure due to an increase in single fraction prescriptions. This has resulted in rapid reduction in pain for the majority of patients.
From Crisis to All‐Time High Performance: Using the HPO Framework to Improve Customer Relations at Ziggo
Authors: de Waal André , Mooijman Eric , Ferment Martine
Published: December 2014

Realizing the need to improve its processes in order to better serve its customers and meet its financial goals, the leaders of the Customer Relations department at Ziggo, a Dutch provider of media and communications services, turned to the HPO framework, which outlines the characteristics of a high‐performing organization, for guidance. Unlike other instruments, this framework details the factors that are essential to high performance, but does not stipulate how to achieve HPO status. Led by a team of HPO consultants, management developed a strategy for empowering employees to attain departmental goals and cultivating teamwork, all while measuring and communicating results. In five years, the department has seen sustainable improvements at the individual, team, and organizational levels, and in its relations with external partners. Although challenges remain to be addressed, employee satisfaction is up, profits have almost doubled, and the once‐struggling CR department has achieved an all‐time high customer satisfaction score for its industry of 7.5 out of 10 and has boosted its HPO level by approximately 10 percent. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ephrins and Ephs in cochlear innervation and implications for advancing cochlear implant function
Authors: Lee Kenneth H. , Warchol Mark E. , Pawlowski Karen S. , Shao Dongmei , Koulich Elena , Zhou Constance Q. , Lee James , Henkemeyer Mark J.
Published: December 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

Determine if the neuronal pathfinding cues resulting from Eph/ephrin interaction in the inner ear play a role in establishing the tonotopic innervation of the cochlea.

Study Design

Protein expression of Ephs and ephrins was evaluated in the inner ear of mice and chicks. Subsequently, in vitro, in vivo, and functional electrophysiologic studies were performed to indicate that Ephs and ephrins play a role regulating the normal innervation patterns in the mouse inner ear.

Methods

Eph and ephrin protein expression was identified in the inner ear by western blotting and localized by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and X‐gal staining. Eph/ephrin effects on neurite outgrowth was assessed via co‐culture with EphB2 expressing COS‐1 cells. Anatomic effects of disrupting Eph/ephrin signaling on cochlear innervation were determined with lipophilic dye tracing and functional effects with auditory brainstem response (ABR).

Results

Expression of several different Ephs and ephrins were found in the inner ear of chicks and mice. The changes in ephrin‐A2 immunoreactivity after gentamicin ototoxicity coincide with the spatio‐temporal pattern of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chick cochlea. EphB2 inhibited outgrowth of spiral ganglion cell neurites. Knockout mice with null function of EphB1, EphB2, and EphB3 demonstrated abnormal inner ear innervation and elevated ABR thresholds, indicating hearing loss.

Conclusions

Ephrin‐A2 may be involved in the guidance of ganglion cells to hair cells in the chick. Disruption of Eph/ephrin signaling results in abnormal innervation and hearing loss, suggesting that these proteins play a role in establishing normal innervation patterns in the mouse cochlea.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:1189–1197, 2014
Postprandial triglycerides and adipose tissue storage of dietary fatty acids: Impact of menopause and estradiol
Authors: Bessesen Daniel H. , Cox‐York Kimberly A. , Hernandez Teri Lynn , Erickson Christopher B. , Wang Hong , Jackman Matt R. , Van Pelt Rachael E.
Published: December 2014

Objectives

Postprandial lipemia worsens after menopause, but the mechanism remains unknown. The hypothesized menopause‐related postprandial lipemia would be (1) associated with reduced storage of dietary fatty acids (FA) as triglyceride (TG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and (2) improved by short‐term estradiol (E2).

Methods

Twenty‐three pre‐ (mean ± SD: 42 ± 4 years) and 22 postmenopausal (55 ± 4 years) women with similar total adiposity were studied. A subset of postmenopausal women (n = 12) were studied following 2 weeks of E2 (0.15 mg) and matching placebo in a random, cross‐over design. A liquid meal containing 14C‐oleic acid traced appearance of dietary FA in: serum (postprandial TG), breath (oxidation), and abdominal and femoral SAT (TG storage).

Results

Compared to premenopausal women, healthy, lean, postmenopausal women had increased postprandial glucose and insulin and trend for higher TG but had similar dietary FA oxidation and storage. Adipocytes were larger in post‐ compared to premenopausal women, particularly in femoral SAT. Short‐term E2 reduced postprandial TG and insulin but had no effect on oxidation or storage of dietary FA. E2 increased the proportion of small adipocytes in femoral (but not abdominal) SAT.

Conclusions

Short‐term E2 attenuated menopause‐related increases in postprandial TG and increased femoral adipocyte hyperplasia but not through increased net storage of dietary FA.
Enhancing electrical properties of MWCNTs in immiscible blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer by selective localization
Authors: Sarvi Ali , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: December 2014

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends by melt mixing in an asymmetric miniature mixer (APAM). A composition of 70 wt% of PMMA and 30 wt% of SAN was mixed to create a co‐continuous morphology. Transmission electron microscopy images of ultra‐microtomed samples (70 nm in thickness) showed selective localization of MWCNTs inside the percolated SAN phase. The occurrence of the double percolation phenomenon resulted in lower electrical percolation thresholds of PMMA/SAN/MWCNT blends molded at high temperatures. Dielectric spectroscopy indicated a higher electrical permittivity for samples that were compression molded at 260°C. Due to the higher affinity of MWCNTs to SAN, there was a migration of MWCNTs into the SAN phase during the melt processing. Conductivity measurements revealed a significant decrease in electrical percolation threshold (0.4 wt%) for PMMA70/SAN30 blends compared with MWCNT‐filled SAN and MWCNT‐filled PMMA (ca. 0.8 wt%). POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1523–1530, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Impact resistance and damage tolerance of scarf‐repaired composite structures: An experimental investigation
Authors: Guo Xia , Li Zengshan , Nie Hengchang , He Wei , Guan Zhidong
Published: December 2014

The development and application of damage tolerance analysis of aircraft repair structures needs to keep pace with the growing of aircraft structural aging phenomena. The low‐velocity impact performance of scarf‐repaired structures is investigated experimentally in this article. The scarf‐repaired plates and the virgin plates were impacted using drop‐weight test machine at different impact energies. The time histories of impact force were recorded, and ultrasonic C‐scan technology was used to inspect the internal damage of the specimens. Permanent indentation, damage size, dissipated energy and the compression strength (strain) of these plates after impact are discussed contrastively. The results show that the impact resistance and compression behavior performances of prepreg scarf‐repaired plates are better than the virgin plates, while the performances of wet layup scarf repaired are the worst. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1681–1694, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Highly filled graphene‐benzoxazine composites as bipolar plates in fuel cell applications
Authors: Plengudomkit Ratcha , Okhawilai Manunya , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: December 2014

This research emphasizes on the development of highly filled graphene‐polybenzoxazine composites and investigates thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the obtained composites for bipolar plate applications. The composition of graphene loading was achieved to be in the range of 10–60 wt%. The experimental results revealed that at the maximum graphene content of 60 wt% (44.8 vol%) in the polybenzoxazine, storage moduli at room temperature of the composites were considerably enhanced with the amount of the graphene, that is, from 5.9 GPa of the neat polybenzoxazine to about 25.1 GPa at 60 wt% of graphene. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the obtained composites were observed to be 174–188°C and the values substantially increased with increasing the filler contents. At 60 wt% of graphene content, thermal conductivity, as high as 8.0 W/mK, is achieved for the graphene‐filled polybenzoxazine. Furthermore, the flexural modulus and flexural strength of the composites were found to be as high as 18 GPa and 42 MPa, respectively. Water absorption of graphene filled‐composite is relatively low with the value of only about 0.06% at 24 h of water immersion. Additionally, electrical conductivity was measured to be 357 S/cm at maximum loading of the graphene. Therefore, the graphene‐filled composites based on polybenzoxazine are highly attractive as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1715–1727, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers