bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A User-PC Computing System as Ultralow-cost Computation Platform for Small Groups
Authors: Funabiki Nobuo , Lwin Kyaw Soe , Aoyagi Yuuki , Kuribayashi Minoru , Kao Wen-Chung
Published: April 2017

Recently, a personal computer (PC) has rapidly evolved the computing ability due to the highest CPU clock, more CPU cores, and the larger memory. Then, the collection of idling CPU cycles in conventional PCs of the members in a group such as a university laboratory significantly enhances the level of parallel computing platform with very small costs. This low-cost computation environment is of great interest in schools, especially in developing countries. To realize this concept, in this paper, we propose a User-PC Computing (UPC) system based on the master-worker model. First, we present the design and implementation of the UPC master using Linux and for the UPC worker with both Linux and Windows. Then, because the job scheduling takes a key role in determining the overall computing performance, we present an efficient job scheduling method using performance measurement results of worker PCs by benchmark programs, in addition to a conventional round-robin one. We verify the effectiveness of our proposed UPC system through experiments using several benchmark and application programs.
BIOAKTIVITAS INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR–I COMPLEX PLASMA SEMINALIS KAMBING TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA HASIL SENTRIFUGASI
Authors: Susilowati Suherni
Published: April 2017

Series of exploratived laboratory experiment have been conducted to analysed the bioactifity of Insulin Like Growth Factor – I (IGF-I) Complex protein of goat seminal plasm on the membran plasm and acrosom cap of centrifugation sperm. First experiment was conducted to identificatify and isolate IGF –I Complex of goat seminal plasm by using Native - Polyacrylamide gel electroforesis. The result of analysis of Native – PAGE indicated that IGF-I Complex have molecular weight of 150 kDa. Second experiment was conducted to role of IGF-I Complex protein on the membrane plasm and acrosom cap of centrifugation sperm. Semen was collected by using artificial vagina from eight mature goat. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was centrifugated with Bracket and Oliphant’s (BO) for 5 minutes 1800 rpm. And then divided two groups. Each group was supplemented with 3 × 106 of sperm concentration and then into group I was supplemented with BO medium and group two was supplemented with IGF-I Complex protein. The result of this experiment indicated that percentages of intact plasm membrane and intact acrosom cap were significantly (p less than 0.05), between BO medium and IGF-I protein. In conclusion, IGF- I Complex protein is the optimal in improving plasm membran and acrosom cap of centrifugation sperm
RAPID ASSESSMENT ON MACRO-MOTH FAUNA AT NUSA BARONG NATURE RESERVE: A LOW DIVERSITY
Authors: Sutrisno Hari
Published: April 2017

Rapid assessment on moth faunas with focus on macro-moths was conducted at Nusa Barong Nature Reserve. The aims of the study were to acquire information of macro-moth diversity and to access the composition of the species at this area by comparing data from Meru Betiri National Park, Sebangau National Park and Busang forest. The results showed that the number of species at Nusa Barong, Meru Betiri, Sebangau and Busang were 47, 75, 97 and 297, respectively. The diversity of macro-moth fauna based on William’s α index at Nusa Barong was the lowest as compared to Meru Betiri National Park, Sebangau National Park and Busang forest, which were 34.58, 65.01, 50.91 and 102.08, respectively. The results also show that the similarity based on Jaccard’s index of the binary comparison varies from 0.029 to 0.089. The highest value was the comparison between Nusa Barong and Meru Betiri while the lowest was the comparison between Nusa Barong and Sebangau. In addition, Pyralidae, Geometridae and Noctuidae were dominant across all sites. At Nusa Barong, only 10 species that have been known their host plants; three of them caused damage to some crops, namely, Conogethes punctiferalis, Cydalima laticostalis and Achaea janata. There might be more species that have not been found during this study as indicated by the species numbers across all sites have not reach a plateau. This study clearly showed us that floral diversity and size of area determined the diversity of macro-moths at Nusa Barong Nature Reserve.
TRANSFORMASI GEN SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (SoSPS1) MENGGUNAKAN Agrobacterium tumefaciens UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SINTESIS SUKROSA PADA TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Miswar Miswar , Sugiharto Bambang , Soedarsono Joedoro , Moeljapawiro Sukarti
Published: April 2017

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS EC 2.3.1.14) plays an important role in partition of assimilated carbon in most plants. SPS catalyses the penultimate reaction in the pathway of sucrose synthesis, in which sucrose-6-phosphate (Suc6P) is synthesized from UDPglucose (UDPG) and fructose-6-P (Fru6P). To increase the capacity of sugarcane in sucrose synthesis, spindle leaves of sugarcane cv R579 were transformed with cDNA SoSPS1 from sugarcane under the control of constitutive promoter (35S CaMV) that constructed in pBI 121 (pKYS) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Based on PCR analysis, we have detected the existence of SPS transgene in some lines of transformed sugarcane, called line 4, 5, 6, and 7. The SPS transgene in transformed sugarcane could be expressed into translation level and increased the amount of leaves SPS protein, so the activity of leaves SPS was higher than wild type sugarcane as control. The transformed sugarcane line 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed 1.4–2.9 fold increases in SPS activity and 1,76–2,2 fold increases in leaves sucrose content. Increasing in SPS activity in transgenic sugarcane was coupled by the increase in invertase activity and ratio between sucrose and starch content.
PROPORSI MIKROSPORA UNINUKLEAT PADA EMPAT KLON TEBU (Saccharum spp.)
Authors: Suaib Suaib , Mangoendidjojo Woerjono , Mirzawan PDN , Indrianto Ari
Published: April 2017

An experiment to study the two different morphological characters of four clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) panicles containing more than 50 percent of uninucleate microspore development was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory at Biology Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, since March until May 2006. Morphological characters of both kinds of panicles i.e. unsheated- and sheated flowers from sheat flag leaf were observed. Mean, percentage, and standard deviation from the mean value of the six different stages of microspore development e.g. tetrad, early- and late-uninucleate, early- and late-binucleate, and multinucleate or pollen grains were statistically used in this calculation. All data percentages were analyzed by variance analysis through General Linier Model Procedure, and comparisons between means of the uninucleate microspore development based on the two different morphological characters of four clones was calculated by Least Significance Difference method. Comparisons between the two different panicles characteristics in accordance with the proportion of the uninucleate microspore development, however, were analyzed by T-student procedure. All calculations were done by using SAS program of computer statistics package. Result of the research showed that: (1) the unsheated panicles were contained less than 50 percent of uninucleate (early- and late-uninucleate) microspore development; (2) the sheated panicles tend to be in high proportion of early- and late-uninucleate microspore development, and multinucleate or pollen grains, and (3) the more away of spikelets or anthers positioned in the panicle or sub-panicle, the more number or percentage of uninucleate microspores development were tend to be gradually decreased.
Thematic Overview: Economic Regulation and the Development of Telecoms, Mobile Money and Banking
Authors: Roberts Simon
Published: April 2017

This thematic overview for AJIC Issue 17 discusses the lessons emerging from studies of electronic communications access, innovation and regulation in a selection of African countries including Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, with particular emphasis on digital financial services.
Meeting points: choreographies of horses and humans
Authors: Birke Lynda
Published: April 2017

In this paper, I explore horse-human interactions as ‘meeting points’, using three points or places at which we come together with horses. These are: in the stable, leading a horse, and riding. Each shapes the interspecies engagement, in a kind of trajectory. Ways of engaging with each other form within the confines of stable or corral, which then continue into other activities. The idea of meeting points serves to emphasise that these are meetings with an other, someone who has agency and who helps to create the patterns of subsequent interactions. These are meetings born out of individual experience, and which help to produce the mindedness of the horse.
Eläinten rooli mesopotamialaisessa Gilgamesh-eepoksessa
Authors: Tekoniemi Timo
Published: April 2017

Gilgamesh-eepos oli yksi muinaisen Mesopotamian tärkeimmistä kirjallisista teoksista. Teos kuitenkin jatkaa lukijoittensa hämmästyttämistä yhä tänäkin päivänä, ja sitä voidaankin hyvällä syyllä pitää yhtenä tärkeimmistä läpileikkauksista muinaiseen mesopotamialaiseen ajatteluun. Yhteiskunnallinen ja kulttuurinen eläintutkimus onkin keskeisessä asemassa, kun pyritään selvittämään teoksen kirjoittajien eläinkuvaa ja –suhdetta. Tässä artikkelissa käydään läpi eepoksen tekemät viittaukset eläimiin. Tämän pohjalta selvitetään, millainen rooli eläimillä oli teoksen kirjoittajien ajattelussa.Eepoksen eläinkuvasto on erittäin runsasta ja heijastaa hyvin eläinten mittaamattoman suurta arvoa ajan ihmisten elämälle. Muinainen elämä ei olisi ollut mahdollista ilman tiivistä yhteiselämää eri eläinlajien kanssa. Teos ei korkeakirjallisena teoksena kuitenkaan pelkästään kuvaile eläimiä osana ihmisten arkea, vaan heijastaa myös laajemmin ajan ihmisten eläinkuvaa sekä ymmärrystä eri lajien ominaispiirteistä ja niihin kohdistetuista asenteista. Eläimet eivät jää teoksessa myöskään pelkiksi sivustakatsojiksi, vaan jotkin lajit saavat myös narratologisesti tärkeän ja aktiivisen roolin.Eepoksen yksi tärkeimmistä teemoista on rajankäynti ihmisyyden ja jumaluuden välillä. Tämän teeman ohessa tarkkaavaiselle lukijalle avautuu kuitenkin myös näkymä mesopotamialaiseen käsitykseen ihmisen ja eläimen käsitetyistä eroista. Gilgameshin kumppani, villimies Enkidu, nimittäin panee lukijan miettimään: miten muinaiset mesopotamialaiset ymmärsivät ihmistä ja eläintä erottavat piirteet? Voiko eron nähdä olleen tiukan binäärinen? Vai tehtiinkö tarkkaa eroa käytännössä lainkaan?Muinaisen maailman eläinkuvan tarkempi tarkastelu auttaa löytämään teoksesta merkityksiä, jotka ajan kulttuuria ja eläinkuvaa tuntemattomalle eivät muuten avautuisi. Joissain sellaisissa kohdin, missä muinainen teksti on osittain turmeltunut, voidaan teoksen eläinkuvaa tutkimalla jopa saada selvyyttä muinaisen tekstin alkuperäisiin sanamuotoihin. Artikkeli osoittaakin, että Gilgamesh-eepoksen kielenkäytön vuosituhansia kestänyt vetovoima on suuresti riippuvaista sen laajasta eläinkuvastosta.
Monty Pythonin komedia vastaelokuvana
Authors: Mähkä Rami
Published: April 2017

Monty Pythonin komedia vastaelokuvana  Englantilainen elokuvateoreetikko Peter Wollen lanseerasi vuonna 1972 termin ”vastaelokuva” kuvaamaan Jean-Luc Godardin elokuvaa suhteessa valtavirran (eli Hollywoodin) elokuvaan. Vastaelokuva muistuttaa jatkuvasti katsojaa siitä, että tämä katsoo elokuvaa konstruoituna tekstinä, ei elokuvallisuutensa häivyttävänä ”todellisuutena”, kuten Hollywood-elokuvassa. Artikkelissa Wollenin käsitettä sovelletaan Monty Pythonin komediaan, jossa on vahvat vastaelokuvalliset piirteensä. Huomionarvoisaa on, että Monty Pythonin median roolia korostava komedia ja vastaelokuvakeskustelu olivat samanaikaisia ilmiöitä. Ne ilmentävät 1960–1970-lukujen elokuvaesteettistä ja -kerronnallista ajattelua.Monty Python sekä parodioi uuden aallon elokuvaa ja taide-elokuvaa ylipäätään televisiosarjassaan Monty Pythonin lentävä sirkus (Monty Python’s Flyng Circus, Iso-Britannia 1969–1974) että otti siitä vaikutteita omiin kokoillanelokuviinsa. Artikkelissa analysoidaan Lentävän sirkuksen sketsejä sekä ryhmän toista elokuvaa Hullu maailma (Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Iso-Britannia 1975) komediana, jossa on vastaava tavoite kuin vastaelokuvalla: katsojan tietoisena pitäminen ja tämän samastumisen estäminen. Tärkeä ero kuitenkin on, että vastaelokuvasta poiketen Monty Python on komediaa. Tämän vuoksi artikkelissa Wollenin teoreettista vastaelokuvan typologiaa (1982) sovelletaan komediaan viimeksi mainitun erityispiirteet huomioiden.Monty Python’s Comedy as Counter-CinemaIn 1972, English film theorist Peter Wollen launched the term “counter-cinema” to describe films of Jean-Luc Godard, which Wollen saw as oppositional to the mainstream cinema of Hollywood. The key idea in counter-cinema is that it constantly reminds the spectator that (s)he is watching a film as a constructed representation, not as cinematic “reality”, which is the objective of mainstream cinema. In the article, Wollen’s arguments are applied in an analysis of Monty Python’s comedy, which has a strong counter-cinematic style to it. It is notable that Monty Python’s comedy and the discussion on counter-cinema were contemporaneous phenomena.Monty Python parodied New Wave, and Art Cinema in general, in their sketch comedy series Monty Python’s Flying Circus (UK 1969–1974). However, as they became filmmakers, they were also highly influenced by Art Cinema. The article analyses sketches of the Flying Circus and the feature film Monty Python and the Holy Grail (UK 1975), the most counter-cinematic of troupe’s films, as comedies with parallel objectives to counter-cinema: keeping the spectator conscious of the constructed world on screen, and thus preventing identification with it. However, it is crucial to understand that there is a key difference, too: unlike counter-cinema, Monty Python is comedy. Hence, Wollen’s later typology of counter-cinema (1982) is applied to Monty Python with regard to that important difference.
Functional complications following breast cancer therapy and the role of rehabilitation in recovery of functional status: A case report
Authors: Popović-Petrović Svetlana , Kovač Aleksandra , Novakov Ivana , Tatić Milanka
Published: April 2017

Introduction. The most common functional complications after the treatment of breast cancer are reduction of range of motion in the shoulder joint (incidence of 10 to 73%), lymphedema of the arm (10-30%) and nerve damage of the arm or damage of brachial plexus (1.8-4.9%). Multiple complications rarely occur and they are usually of mild to moderate forms. Case report. VV (woman), born in 1965 was exposed to quadrantectomy of the left breast with axillary dissection in 2003 (histopathology: ductal carcinoma; 4 removed lymph nodes, 1 of which with a secondary deposit). After the surgical intervention, the patient underwent chemotherapy (CMF protocol VI cycles) and radiation therapy (50 Gy/12 cycles). Four months after the therapy completion, lymphedema of the left arm was developed, and few months later brachial plexus injury as well. First visit to physiatrist was five years later, with a significant reduction of range of motion in the left arm and severe lymphedema (maximum difference to 7.5 cm). EMNG trial indicated a moderate lesion of left median nerve and ulnar nerve and mild to moderate lesion of left radial nerve injury; DASH score was 107. After repeated physical treatments (since 2009), the last control in October 2016 showed that the functional status was significantly improved: reduction of range of motion was present in flexion and abduction only, lymphedema was reduced (maximum difference of 5.5 cm); DASH score was 48, while EMNG indicated a lesion of the median nerve and ulnar nerve in lower level, with signs of recovery. Conclusion. The implementation of an early rehabilitation program for the patients who were surgically treated for breast cancer is necessary in order to prevent functional complications and to enable continuous monitoring of the patients, while in the case with already developed complications, physical therapy should be initiated regardless of the period in which the functional limitations occurred.
Depression in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia
Authors: Perović Zlatana , Cukić Mirjana
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder which is characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms include: depression, cognitive impairment, autonomic and sensor symptoms. It is difficult to detect and treat depression symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia. Early identification and treatment of depression symptoms can greatly improve the quality of life in these patients, as well as facilitate the quality of caregivers' lives. Goal of the paper: The aim of our research was to evaluate frequency of depression occurrence in patients with Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. Patients and methods: We did a prospective study which included 59 PD patients, who came for a regular check-up to Neurological infirmary of the General Hospital in Niksic, in the interval from 1st January 2016to 31st December 2016, all of whom were previously diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. We tested their cognitive status using the Mini Mental State Examination scale. Out of 59 patients, 32 displayed cognitive deficit and were included in further research. We gave directions about testing to guardians or caregivers of the patients who displayed moderate or distinct cognitive impairment. The testing was done on the next check-up, with Cornell's depression scale. Results: Research showed that out of 32 patients, 5 (15.6%) didn't suffer from depression, 8 (25%) probably suffered from major depression, while 19 (59.4%) definitely suffered from major depression. On the cognitive scale, 6 (18.8%) patients had mild, 11 (34.4%) moderate and 15 (46.9%) distinct cognitive deficit. Out of 8 patients with probable depression 3 (9.4%) had mild, 3 (9.4%) had moderate and 2 (6.2%) distinct cognitive deficit. We can also: conclude that out of 19 (59.4%) with certain depression, 1 (3.1%) had mild, 5 (15.6%) had medium severe, and 13 (40.6%) had severe cognitive deficit. Conclusion: Prevalence of depression and dementia in Parkinson's diseasepatients is high. Our patients have moderate cognitive deficit in 34.4% of the cases, and distinct cognitive deficit in 46.9% of the cases; while 59.4% definitely suffers from major depression at some point of their illness. Their early detection is of great importance for treatment and quality of life of these patients.
Diferenças em funcão do género das formas de motivação autodeterminada de atletas veteranos
Authors: Batista Marco , Jiménez-Castuera Ruth , Lobato-Muñoz Susana , Leyton-Román Marta , Aspano-Carrón María
Published: April 2017

O objetivo foi analisar as diferenças, em função do género, das formas da motivação autodeterminada e necessidades psicológicas básicas de atletas veteranos. A amostra foi composta por 320 atletas veteranos portugueses de ambos os géneros, de idades entre os 30 e os 60 anos (M=44 DP=8.6), competidores de várias modalidades. Como instrumentos de medida utilizou-se o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) e o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES). A análise de dados revelou que não existiam diferenças significativas quanto às formas de motivação autodeterminada, mostrando os atletas masculinos valores mais elevados de amotivação, regulação introjetada e motivação intrínseca. Porém, as atletas femininas apresentaram diferenças significativas a seu favor, na satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. Este estudo apresenta-se como um contributo para a compreensão da função do desporto na promoção de bem-estar na população de veteranos, sendo de interesse aumentar a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas no género masculino.
KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK DALAM JUAL BELI MENURUT KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM EKONOMI SHARIAH
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi
Published: April 2017

This article discusses the right to draw up a sale contract according to Indonesian

civil code and the law compilation of Islamic economy. This right includes a

statement that everyone is free to draw up a contract as long as it is not against

laws, norms, and social order. The right to draw up a contract is stated in

Indonesian civil code, article 1493 in connection with article 1338 clause (1).

However, the contract must be based on conditions mentioned in article 1320.

Meanwhile, according to the law of Islamic economy, the right to draw up a

contract (Huriyyatul Aqad) must be in accordance with social system, ethics, and

sharia - in other words, a contract drawn up against sharia is unacceptable.

Keywords: Freedom of contract, buy and sell, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum

Perdata, Hukum Ekonomi Shariah.
Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme Ölçülerinin Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Günlük Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ceyhan Ayhan , Çınar Mahmut , Serbester Ugur
Published: April 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of udder measurements group on somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk production. Milk samples and udder measurements were collected monthly from 79 lactating Holstein cows on commercial dairy in the province of Niğde. In the study, front teat length (FTL), rear teat length (RTL), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD), distance between front teats (DBFT), distance between rear teats (DBRT), front udder height, (FTH), rear udder height (RUH), distance between front and rear teats (DBST) were obtained in before afternoon milking. Udder measurements were divided into 5 groups according to the measurements. The effect of DBFT, DBRT, FTH, RTD, FTD and DBRT groups on daily milk production were statistically significant, while FTH, RUH and DBRT were found non-significant. The effect of udder measurements groups on SCC was found not significant, except rear teat diameter (RTD). Average daily milk production and SCC were estimated as 28.25 kg/day and 274.90 cell/ml, respectively. In conclusion, it can be said that the distance between teats, teat’s diameter and front udder height of Holstein cattle is important factor for milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle. Also, SCC is effected by rear teat diameter.
Native insect pollinators in Apple orchards under different management practices in the Kashmir Valley
Authors: Ganie Muzaffar Ahmad , Pal Amit Kumar , Ahmad Nazeer
Published: April 2017

It is now clear that over use of pesticides and intensive management of orchards can lead to drastic declines in apple pollinator abundance and crop failures. During the period of study a grower’s survey was conducted to know about knowledge of farmers on native insect pollinators, pollinator management practices, their perceptions of the importance and utility of native pollinators, and their attitudes regarding pesticide application. Despite of having significant knowledge of managed pollination, only few farmers (2%) adopted supplementary methods of pollination (renting honey bee colonies, hand pollination etc.). In Pulwama, 60% of farmers had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 40% did not have any idea of native pollinators and in case of Shopian, the figures were fifty-fifty i.e. 50% had knowledge about native insect pollinators and 50% were unaware. During the period of investigation, native insect pollinators were sampled from different apple orchards under different management systems in early spring during apple flowering. A total of 17 species of insect pollinators belonging to 11 families and 3 orders_ Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera registered their occurrence at all the studied apple orchards of the Kashmir Valley. At all the study sites i.e. apple orchards under different management systems, family Halictidae and Empididae registered their presence as dominant groups. The % family contribution of the former at different orchard types decreased with increase in the intensity of the management system and the % family contribution of the later however, showed a direct relationship with the management system found, i.e. the more intense the system, the more abundant was the group. Other groups in general did not show any greater differences in abundances at different sites studied.
Gyromitra Mantarının Uçucu Aroma Bileşenlerinin Tepe Boşluğu Gaz Kromotografisi Kütle Spektroskopisi (HS-GC/MS) Tekniği ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: Taşkın Hatıra , Baktemur Gökhan , Kafkas Ebru , Büyükalaca Saadet
Published: April 2017

Gyromitra is one of the poisonous mushrooms with being evaluated as edible mushrooms in Turkey and in many countries. This study was performed to determine volatile aroma compounds of Gyromitra collected from Turkey at Horticulture Department of Çukurova University, Adana-Turkey in 2011. Gyromitra mushroom samples collected from Adana province of Turkey were used as material. Volatile aroma compounds were determined using Headspace Gas Kromotografi Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) technique. Twenty-four different volatile aroma compounds were detected in this study. Phenol was identified as the major aroma component at 47.10% content. This compound was followed with Carbamic acid methyl ester (14.12%), Acetic acid (4.47%), 1-Octen-3-ol (4.14%) and Acetaldehyde (4.10%). Phenol is an antioxidant compound and it has anti-carcinogenic effect. 1-Octen-3-ol is an alcohol which commonly found in mushroom. Acetic acid and Acetaldehyde are poisonous compounds. Although high number of phenol and 1-Octen-3-ol in Gyromitra fungus is displayed as flavor and significant in terms of health, containing toxic compounds such as acetic acid and the acid aldehyde raises the risk factors in exhaustion.
İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Büyükbaş ve Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu ve Yönelimleri
Authors: Ceyhan Ayhan , Serbester Uğur , Çınar Mahmut , Ünalan Adnan , Akyol Ethem , Şekeroğlu Ahmet
Published: April 2017

The Central Anatolia Region is one of the seven geographical regions which are 151 thousand square meters of surface area and it is about 21.0% of Turkey's land area. The population rate of cattle breeds in the Central Anatolia Region is 20.4% exotic cattle breeds, 19.1% crossbred, 11.6% native cattle breeds and total 18.1% in Turkey. The Central Anatolia Region cattle population is consists of 43.9% of exotic breed, 43.5% crossbred and 12.6% the native cattle breeds. The population of exotic cattle breeds (69.5%) in Nigde province is the first place and followed by Eskisehir provinces rate of 65.6% in the Central Anatolia Region. The rate of crossbred cattle population is the highest rate (65.0%) province of Sivas and followed by Çankırı province (62.8%). Ankara and Yozgat province has the highest rate of native cattle breed 28.3% and 25.5%, respectively. The total populations of cattle breeds in Konya and Kırıkkale provinces were found maximum 518.291 cattle and minimum 45.426 cattle, respectively, in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of exotic and crossbred cattle breeds has increased 67.0% and 11.8%, respectively, while population rate of native cattle breeds has decreased 30.3% from 2007 to 2011 in the Central Anatolia Region. The 20.1% of sheep, 8.2% of goat and 18.3% rates of total livestock population in Turkey are in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of sheep and goat of the Central Anatolia Region is 20.1% and 9.5%, sheep and goat respectively and 18.3% total in Turkey. The 70.9% for Angora goats, 8.2% hair of goats, and 17.7% indigenous of sheep breeds and 66.0% crossbreed to national Sheep and Goat population has risen in the Central Anatolia Region. All of these results are evaluated, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey, the contribution of animal products grown by population of cattle and small ruminants is important and can be considered a center of attraction for investment in animal breeding
Gıda Endüstrisinde Kitosan Filmlerin Önemi
Authors: Uçan Filiz , Mercimek Hatice Aysun
Published: April 2017

Requirement simple technology, low production costs, lack of polluting effects and reliability in terms of health of it is the most important advantages of edible films. Chitosan that extend the shelf life of food and increase the economic efficiency of packaging materials is one of the new materials used for edible films. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin which is the most commonly occurred polymer after cellulose in nature, in shells of arthropods such as crab, shrimp, lobster and in cell walls of some bacteria and fungi. Chitosan has the important bioactive properties such as hemostatic, bacteriostatic, fungistatic, spermicidal, anticarcinogenic, anticholesteremic, antacids, antiulcer, wound and bone healing accelerator and stimulating the immune system. As well as these features, the film forming and barrier properties of its, chitosan is made the ideal material for edible films and coatings in antimicrobial characters. Especially, in the protection of qualities and the improving storage times of fruits and vegetables, have been revealed the potential use of chitosan. The coating food with chitosan films reduces the oxygen partial pressure in the package, maintains temperature with moisture transfer between food and its environment, declines dehydration, delays enzymatic browning in fruits and controls respiration. In addition to, chitosan are also used on issues such as the increasing the natural flavour, setting texture, increasing of the emulsifying effect, stabilization of color and deacidification.
Arı Ürünlerindeki Ağır metal Birikimine Karayollarından Uzaklığın Etkisi
Authors: Arslan Servet , Arıkan Adem
Published: April 2017

Distance from the highway to the effect of heavy metal accumulation in bee products in order to investigate in this study; four different apiaries which have four km interval have been established from Tokat-Turhal highway side towards the north. Each station of a total 9 of 36 units bee colonies were placed. Honey, pollen and propolis samples were taken from these colonies in the months of April-July in 2009. The obtained samples (copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead and heavy metals such as manganese) content were investigated. According to the distance from the highway in honey samples averages of zinc, iron, chromium and manganese, there was no statistical difference between averages, while averages of copper, cadmium and lead were found significant differences between the averages. In the pollen samples, averages of zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium and manganese indicated no statistical difference between the averages, while, averages of copper and lead were found to be statistically significant. İn the Propolis samples, averages of copper, zinc, iron, chromium, lead and manganese determined no statistical difference between the averages, significant differences were detected between the averages of cadmium. Cadmium accumulation in the maximum occurs at the edge of the highway, the maximum accumulation of other metals have been seen in other stations When considering, due to traffic only metal cadmium at a level that considered as important in bee products be said to constitute pollution.
Enterosin KP’nin Antibakteriyal Aktivitesi Üzerine Para-Hidroksi-Benzoik Asit ile Propil-Parabenin Sinerjit Etkisi
Authors: Yıldırım Zeliha , İlk Yaselin , Yıldırım Metin
Published: April 2017

In this study, the effects of food preservative p-hydroxybenzoic acid and propyl-paraben on the inhibitory activity of enterocin KP produced by Enterococcus faecalis KP were determined. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, resistant to enterocin KP bacteriocin, were used as target organisms. The inhibitor activity of enterosin KP (1600 AU/ml) alone or in combination with p-hydroxybenzoic acid (%0.1-0.3) and propyl-paraben (%0.008-0.16) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were determined. The inhibitory activity of enterocin KP was increased when used in combination with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and propyl-paraben at concentrations of 0.1-0.3% and 0.008-0.016%, respectively. Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium became sensitive to enterocin KP. In conclusion, the use of enterocin KP in combination with other food preservatives principles resulted in an increase in its inhibitory activity and spectrum.
Murat Nehri’nin (Elazığ-Palu İlçe Merkezi Sınırları İçindeki Bölümün’de) Zooplanktonu ve Değişimi
Authors: Bulut Hilal , Saler Serap
Published: April 2017

Zooplankton of Murat River was examined from monthly taken samples between June 2011 and May 2012. As a result of research were identified total 33 species, 25 of them belong to Rotifera, 6 belong to Cladocera, 2 belong to Copepoda. Zooplanktonik species were comprised as 75.76% Rotifera 18.18% Cladocera and 6.06% Copepoda species. There was marked decrease in at the zooplankton species diversity in winter months. There was sharp increase at the zooplankton species diversity in spring and in summer months. Especially in spring month’s zooplankton were recorded in highest species and numbers individual. The most species were determined in April (nine species). At least species were determined January (four species). pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature were measured of the study area. The study has got an importance as to be the first research on zooplankton in this area.
Patates Üretiminde Üretim-Fiyat İlişkisinin Koyck Yaklaşımı ile Analitik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi (TR 71 Bölgesi Örneği)
Authors: Doğan Hasan Gökhan , Gürler Arslan Zafer , Ayyıldız Bekir , Şimşek Ergün
Published: April 2017

In this study, the interaction between potato production and its price from 1991 to 2012 was analyzed using Koyck approach, one of the distributed lag econometric models. The amount of potato production can increase or decrease in the current year based on the prices of previous year, as a product that is appropriate for cobweb theorem, one of economic facts. According to the results of Koyck model, it was determined that potato was affected by the prices of maximum two years retrospectively, and that 1.45 years were needed so that the change in potato prices could have a significant and considerable effect on potato production. On the other hand, while a TL 1 increase in potato prices in the current year increased potato production 711151.80 tons, a TL 1 increase in the prices of previous year increased the production 421001.86 tons and a TL 1 increase in potato prices two years previously caused 249233.10 tons increase in production. In conclusion, the following issues can be considered as measures to be taken economically: creating producer-consumer chain by setting up effective marketing organizations and therefore avoiding problems such as surplus supply or surplus demand, creating both more efficient and better quality production structure by planning the production, and providing stable production and stable price policies by establishing supply and demand balance.
Farklı Ağaç Topraklarındaki Mikrobiyal Populasyona İlkbahar - Sonbahar Mevsim Farklılığının Etkisi
Authors: Koç Hasan Hüseyin , Yişil Hatice Nur , Öztürk Ayten
Published: April 2017

Microbial population of soil and its structure is affected with chemical and biological changes such as plant-root secretions. Upper layer of the soil is exposed to mixture of stems, fruiting bodies and leaves of trees. Seven trees growing at same area were chosen. Their upper layers of the soil were collected from depth 5-10 cm as samples in spring and autumn. Their microbial populations were investigated in order to determine in terms of climate changes. In order to determine the number of the total microorganisms, gram-negative bacteria and spore-forming bacteria (cfu/g) were used by the serial dilution techniques. As a result, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were determined as the total microbial count in the autumn, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the pine tree. However, the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of linden tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot, mulberry and apple trees. For spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the mulberry soil and the lowest number from the linden tree have been obtained. In the spring, the highest numbers of microorganisms from the soil of the apple tree were obtained as the total microbial count, although the lowest number of microorganisms was obtained from the soil of the apricot tree. For the number of the gram-negative bacteria was the highest in the soil of walnut tree, although the number of gram negative bacteria was the lowest in the soil of apricot trees. However spore - forming bacterium, the highest number from the soil of the poplar tree and the lowest number from the mulberry tree have been obtained. In general, the rich diversity of the microbial population was shown morphologically in autumn.
Kanatlı Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Kullanılan Yeni Alternatif Protein Kaynakları
Authors: Özcan Mehmet Akif
Published: April 2017

Nowadays, the assessment of oilseed plants, biofuels and human food which is indispensable in the future is used widely in poultry feed, soybean inevitable negative effect on the use of mixed feeds. Therefore, as an alternative to soybean sources to reveal a new requirement arises. In recent years, alternative protein sources to leaves, stems, marine algae, bacteria and insects as well as proteins from sources and for use in animal feeding studies are conducted and their performance in poultry studied. In this review, alternative protein sources and their effects on the health status of poultry in different yield and literature will be presented.
Meyveli Maden Suyu Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Logit Modeli ile Analizi: Beypazarı İlçesi Örneği
Authors: Kızıloğlu Rüveyda , Kızılaslan Halil , Kızılaslan Nuray
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the consumption of fruit mineral water by households living in the urban areas in Beypazari. The main material of the study consisted of data collected through a questionnaire from 240 households. The study also aimed to reveal the features of the households and the preferences, tastes and thoughts of the households affecting the consumption. Binary Logit Regression method was employed to determine the factors affecting the fruit mineral water consumption. Seven variables affecting the likelihood of fruit mineral water consumption were identified based on the regression analysis employed. The companies in food industry are expected to increase the number of their consumers while they are determining their strategies to raise income rates or while they are increasing the current potential through studies aiming women and young people.
Yeşilırmak Nehir Teraslarında Toprakların Oluşumu ve Sınıflandırılması
Authors: Durak Alper , Aydın Mehmet Erdem
Published: April 2017

In this study, the soils of which parent material is alluvial and formed Yeşilırmak river terraces were investigated. For this purposes four different profiles were excavated in the study area. Then twenty-seven soil samples were taken from horizons of four profiles and their physical and chemical analyses were done for soil taxonomy research. Profile of Kumocagi and Cakil were classified in subgroup as Typic Ustipsamments, Havaalanı and Mera profiles were classified Typic Haplustolls and Typic Argiustolls subgroups respectively. The pH values of soils varied between 7.38-8.41. These soils can be classified as low and highly basic. Most of the soil series had an irregular pH distribution in the profile. The range of carbonate content of the soils was 0.8-25.4%. Although carbonate content of soils showed a very wide range, majority of them can be classified as highly calcareous. In most of soils carbonate content was distributed irregulary in the profile. Organic matter content were between 0.14-6.11% in the soils. Although organic matter contents of the soils changed in a wide range most of them had low organic matter content. Organic matter content was over 4% in the surface horizon of only two profiles. Research result showed that, alluvial parent material, particle size, topograpy and time have different effect on investigation soils.
Yumurta Tavukları ve Broylerlerde Kemiğin Biyomekanik Özelliklerine Beslemenin Etkisi
Authors: Olgun Osman
Published: April 2017

Leg problems have caused significant economic losses in poultry sector. Bone quality and strong is related to nutrition. In this review, effects of nutrition on bone strength are given to laying hens and broilers. For this, effects of some minerals and feed additives on bone quality were reviewed. Calcium, phosphorus, boron and some feed additives in feeding of hens and broilers are important to strong bone. In addition, the form of calcium resources must be considered in laying hens.
Oolong Çayın Üretimi, Bileşimi ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Koca İlkay , Bostancı Şeyda
Published: April 2017

Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, is produced from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis L.. Tea has important physiological properties and potential health benefits due to the presence of compounds such as polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, caffeine, and purine alkaloids. Tea is produced in three types as green tea (unfermented), oolong tea (partially fermented), and black tea (fully fermented). Black tea is consumed worldwide, whereas green and oolong teas are consumed mainly in Asia and North Africa. The total tea production in the world consists of about 78% black tea, 20% green tea and
Kök-Ur Nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’nda Parazitizm
Authors: Aydınlı Gökhan , Mennan Sevilhan
Published: April 2017

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have specialized and complex relationships with their host plants. A better understanding of interaction between nematode and their host will help to provide new point of view for root-knot nematode management. For this purpose, recently investigations on cellular and molecular basis of root-knot nematode parasitism and host response were reviewed.
Yabani Baklagil Bitkilerinden, Mikrobiyal Gübre Olarak Kullanılan Rhizobium Spp. Bakterilerinin İzolasyonu
Authors: Öğütcü Hatice , Algur Ömer Faruk
Published: April 2017

In our study used wild leguminous plants (Medicago sativa, M. lupulina and M. varia ) Erzurum belongs to the high altitude (2000 - 2500m ) regions ( Palandöken mountain, Alibaba mountain, Turnagöl mountain, Hasanbaba mountain, Eğerli mountain, Yıldırım mountain, Çubuklu mountain, Deveboynu locality, Kayakyolu locality, Telsizler and Dumlu hill ) were collected during the months of June and July. Nodules were obtained from this plant were sterilized, YMA (Yeast Mannitol Agar) plates were streaked and petri dishes 28+1ºC were incubated for 3-5 days. Colonies appear after incubation typically constitute (white, clear or slightly opaque, mucosity, round, raised) 39 isolates were selected and transferred to tubes and refrigerated YMA were stored at +4ºC. In the next stage, cytological and biochemical analyzes of these isolates were studied to determine. For this purpose isolates; YMA containing bromothymol blue and congo red reproduction, gram stain reaction, movement and subjected to catalase and oxidase tests were evaluated. The cytological and biochemical analysis of results showed that 28 of 39 strains belonged to Rhizobium spp.
Treonine Dayalı Yem Seçiminin Erkek Etlik Piliçlerde Performans ve Karkas Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: Ayasan Tugay , Okan Ferda
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of choice feeding based on threonine on performance characteristics and carcass parameters of male broiler chicks. Day old, thirty Ross 308 male chicks were divided into two dietary treatment groups. In the experiment, choice feding did not affect on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio. Feed intake and carcass parameters significantly affected by experimental treatments.
Fermente Et Ürünleri Üretiminde Probiyotik Kullanımı
Authors: Palamutoğlu Recep , Kasnak Cemal
Published: April 2017

In spite of a negative judgements among consumers about meat and meat products, in human nutrition meat and meat products are important for nutrient components which they contain essential nutrients. Intensively produced fermented meat product such as sucuk in our country and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used for production of various fermented sausages all over the world. LAB primarily used in order to increase the food safety of such products. LAB with probiotic properties have effect on product taste, flavour and aroma as well as the positive effects on functional and physiological properties. Positive effects of probiotics in human health and product properties in the absence of any adverse effects various cultures have been used for the production of probiotic fermented meat products. In the production of such products prepared dough which have meat and fat in the matrix form a suitable vehicle for probiotic cells. During production of products formation of lactic acid reduced the pH, during ripening conditions water activity reduced so these factors adversely affect viability of probiotic cells. For this reason protecting probiotic cultures from negative effects during exposure in the product and vitality of cells in human gastro-intestinal system to continue operating for consumption to be provided during the order process the cells are coated with microencapsuation. The use of probiotic microorganisms isolated from various foods is being investigated for the production of sausages. Studies on the effects of probiotics on human health of meat products are also needed. In this study the probiotic microorganisms used in the production of probiotic fermented sausages were investigated.
Uçucu Yağların Staphylococcus aureus Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ozdikmenli Seda , Zorba Nukhet Nilüfer
Published: April 2017

Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are widespread through the world in spite of developing technology. S. aureus is an important pathogen causing food intoxications besides hospital infections by its antibiotic resistant strains. Nowadays, there has been worldwide increasing concern on usage of natural products to control microorganisms. One of these natural products is essential oils. They are produced from plants especially from spices and composed of many components and volatiles. This review summarizes informative literature on essential oils and their mode of antimicrobial action. In addition, current knowledge on in vitro researches on antibacterial activity of essential oils and food applications to control S. aureus has been discussed.
Farklı Seviyelerde Protein İçeren Yumurtacı Bıldırcın Rasyonlarına Probiyotik-Enzim İlavesinin Performans ve Kabuk Kalitesine Etkileri
Authors: Olgun Osman , Yıldız Alp Önder
Published: April 2017

This study was carried out to determine the influence of diets including different levels of protein and supplemented with probiotic-enzyme mixed on performance parameters and eggshell quality in laying quails. Japanese quails (n=120), 10 wk of age, were divided into 6 dietary treatment groups and the experiment lasted for 10 weeks. In each experiment group there were 5 replicates, and in each replicates there were 4 birds. Six diets, arranged a factorial design with three protein levels (16, 18 and 20 (control) %) and two levels of supplemented probiotic-enzyme mixed (0.0 and 1.0 g/kg) were used. Dietary crude protein levels and supplementation of probiotic-enzyme did not effect on the body weight gain, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion, cracked egg yield, specific gravity and shell strength. However, egg production, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight were significantly increased by the addition of probiotic-enzymes mixed. Egg weight in group containing 18% crude protein was significantly higher than the containing 16% crude protein group. Results of the present study indicated that laying quails should be fed 18% crude protein and 1.0 g/kg of supplemental probiotic-enzyme mixed improved egg production and eggshell quality.