bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverted magnetic response in severe plastically deformed nanostructured high-entropy alloy
Authors: Paul Amitesh , Liu Xiaojing , Kawasaki Megumi , Liss Klaus-Dieter
Published: January 2023

We present unconventional magnetization in a high-pressure torsion (HPT) CoCrFeNi nanostructured high-entropy alloy: (i) the temperature dependent magnetization protocol and DC susceptibility suggest effects of spin-clustering. Moreover, HPT-processing of the alloy produces a heterogeneous and metastable nanostructure, changing its supermagnetic character: turning superparamagnetic to superspin glass dynamics, (ii) the material shows an inverted magnetic hysteresis loop, an inversion of the central part of the loop where the remanent magnetization points in a direction opposite to the applied field. The exquisite tunability of this inverted magnetism as a function of field and temperature and its reproducibility in a quasi-equilibrium setting make this spin-clustering phenomenon unique. We account for this phenomenon in terms of a non-equilibrium population of oppositely polarized domains of an ordered ferromagnetic state, enabled through the nanostructured, highly distorted, and locally disordered crystalline medium.
CPEB3 low-complexity motif regulates local protein synthesis via protein–protein interactions in neuronal ribonucleoprotein granules
Authors: Ford Lenzie , Asok Arun , Tripp Arielle D. , Parro Cameron , Fitzpatrick Michelle , de Solis Christopher A. , Chen Po-Tao Y. , Shafiian Neeva , Fioriti Luana , Soni Rajesh K. , Kandel Eric R.
Published: January 2023

Biomolecular condensates, membraneless organelles found throughout the cell, play critical roles in many aspects of cellular function. Ribonucleoprotein granules (RNPs) are a type of biomolecular condensate necessary for local protein synthesis and are involved in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. Most of the proteins in RNPs possess low-complexity motifs (LCM), allowing for increased promiscuity of protein–protein interactions. Here, we describe the importance of protein–protein interactions mediated by the LCM of RNA-binding protein cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3). CPEB3 is necessary for long-term synaptic plasticity and memory persistence, but the mechanisms involved are still not completely elucidated. We now present key mechanisms involved in its regulation of synaptic plasticity. We find that CPEB3-LCM plays a role in appropriate local protein synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) targets, through crucial protein–protein interactions that drive localization to neuronal Decapping protein 1 (DCP1)-bodies. Translation-promoting CPEB3 and translation-inhibiting CPEB1 are packaged into neuronal RNP granules immediately after chemical long-term potentiation is induced, but only translation-promoting CPEB3 is repackaged to these organelles at later time points. This localization to neuronal RNP granules is critical for functional influence on translation as well as overall local protein synthesis (measured as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) insertion into the membrane and localization to the synapse). We therefore conclude that protein–protein interaction between the LCM of CPEB3 plays a critical role in local protein synthesis by utilizing neuronal RNP granules.
Foraging synchrony drives resilience in human–dolphin mutualism
Authors: Cantor Mauricio , Farine Damien R. , Daura-Jorge Fábio G.
Published: January 2023

Interactions between humans and nature have profound consequences, which rarely are mutually beneficial. Further, behavioral and environmental changes can turn human–wildlife cooperative interactions into conflicts, threatening their continued existence. By tracking fine-scale behavioral interactions between artisanal fishers and wild dolphins targeting migratory mullets, we reveal that foraging synchrony is key to benefiting both predators. Dolphins herd mullet schools toward the coast, increasing prey availability within the reach of the net-casting fishers, who gain higher foraging success—but only when matching the casting behavior with the dolphins’ foraging cues. In turn, when dolphins approach the fishers’ nets closely and cue fishers in, they dive for longer and modify their active foraging echolocation to match the time it takes for nets to sink and close over mullets—but only when fishers respond to their foraging cues appropriately. Using long-term demographic surveys, we show that cooperative foraging generates socioeconomic benefits for net-casting fishers and ca. 13% survival benefits for cooperative dolphins by minimizing spatial overlap with bycatch-prone fisheries. However, recent declines in mullet availability are threatening these short- and long-term benefits by reducing the foraging success of net-casting fishers and increasing the exposure of dolphins to bycatch in the alternative fisheries. Using a numerical model parametrized with our empirical data, we predict that environmental and behavioral changes are pushing this traditional human–dolphin cooperation toward extinction. We propose two possible conservation actions targeting fishers’ behavior that could prevent the erosion of this century-old fishery, thereby safeguarding one of the last remaining cases of human–wildlife cooperation.
Edaphic specialization onto bare, rocky outcrops as a factor in the evolution of desert angiosperms
Authors: Lichter-Marck Isaac H. , Baldwin Bruce G.
Published: January 2023

Understanding the processes that enable organisms to shift into more arid environments as they emerge is critical for gauging resilience to climate change, yet these forces remain poorly known. In a comprehensive clade-based study, we investigate recent shifts into North American deserts in the rock daisies (tribe Perityleae), a diverse tribe of desert sunflowers (Compositae). We sample rock daisies across two separate contact zones between tropical deciduous forest and desert biomes in western North America and infer a time-calibrated phylogeny based on target capture sequence data. We infer biome shifts using Bayesian inference with paleobiome-informed models and find evidence for seven independent shifts into desert habitats since the onset of aridification in the late Miocene. The earliest shift occurred out of tropical deciduous forests and led to an extensive radiation throughout North American deserts that accounts for the majority of extant desert rock daisies. Estimates of life history and micro-habitat in the rock daisies reveal a correlation between a suffrutescent perennial life history and edaphic endemism onto rocky outcrops, an ecological specialization that evolved prior to establishment and diversification in deserts. That the insular radiation of desert rock daisies stemmed from ancestors preadapted for dry conditions as edaphic endemics in otherwise densely vegetated tropical deciduous forests in northwest Mexico underscores the crucial role of exaptation and dispersal for shifts into arid environments.
Tough and fatigue-resistant polymer networks by crack tip softening
Authors: Liu Binhong , Yin Tenghao , Zhu Jinye , Zhao Donghao , Yu Honghui , Qu Shaoxing , Yang Wei
Published: January 2023

Soft materials fail by crack propagation under external loads. While fracture toughness of a soft material can be enhanced by orders of magnitude, its fatigue threshold remains insusceptible. In this work, we demonstrate a crack tip softening (CTS) concept to simultaneously improve the toughness and threshold of a single polymeric network. Polyacrylamide hydrogels have been selected as a model material. The polymer network is cured by two kinds of crosslinkers: a normal crosslinker and a light-degradable crosslinker. We characterize the pristine sample and light-treated sample by shear modulus, fracture toughness, fatigue threshold, and fractocohesive length. Notably, we apply light at the crack tip of a sample so that the light-sensitive crosslinkers degrade, resulting in a CTS sample with a softer and elastic crack tip. The pristine sample has a fracture toughness of 748.3 ± 15.19 J/m2and a fatigue threshold of 9.3 J/m2. By comparison, the CTS sample has a fracture toughness of 2,774.6 ± 127.14 J/m2and a fatigue threshold of 33.8 J/m2. Both fracture toughness and fatigue threshold have been enhanced by about four times. We attribute this simultaneous enhancement to stress de-concentration and elastic shielding at the crack tip. Different from the “fiber/matrix composite” concept and the “crystallization at the crack tip” concept, the CTS concept in the present work provides another option to simultaneously enhance the toughness and threshold, which improves the reliability of soft devices during applications.
Skin-integrated systems for power efficient, programmable thermal sensations across large body areas
Authors: Park Minsu , Yoo Jae-Young , Yang Tianyu , Jung Yei Hwan , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Li Shupeng , Kim Jae-Hwan , Shin Jaeho , Maeng Woo-Youl , Lee Geumbee , Yoo Seonggwang , Luan Haiwen , Kim Jin-Tae , Shin Hee-Sup , Flavin Matthew T. , Yoon Hong-Joon , Miljkovic Nenad , Huang Yonggang , King William P. , Rogers John A.
Published: January 2023

Thermal sensations contribute to our ability to perceive and explore the physical world. Reproducing these sensations in a spatiotemporally programmable manner through wireless computer control could enhance virtual experiences beyond those supported by video, audio and, increasingly, haptic inputs. Flexible, lightweight and thin devices that deliver patterns of thermal stimulation across large areas of the skin at any location of the body are of great interest in this context. Applications range from those in gaming and remote socioemotional communications, to medical therapies and physical rehabilitation. Here, we present a set of ideas that form the foundations of a skin-integrated technology for power-efficient generation of thermal sensations across the skin, with real-time, closed-loop control. The systems exploit passive cooling mechanisms, actively switchable thermal barrier interfaces, thin resistive heaters and flexible electronics configured in a pixelated layout with wireless interfaces to portable devices, the internet and cloud data infrastructure. Systematic experimental studies and simulation results explore the essential mechanisms and guide the selection of optimized choices in design. Demonstration examples with human subjects feature active thermoregulation, virtual social interactions, and sensory expansion.
Semi-automated 3D fluorescence speckle analyzer (3D-Speckler) for microscope calibration and nanoscale measurement
Authors: Loi Jonathan , Qu Xiaofei , Suzuki Aussie
Published: January 2023

The widespread use of fluorescence microscopy has prompted the ongoing development of tools aiming to improve resolution and quantification accuracy for study of biological questions. Current calibration and quantification tools for fluorescence images face issues with usability/user experience, lack of automation, and comprehensive multidimensional measurement/correction capabilities. Here, we developed 3D-Speckler, a versatile, and high-throughput image analysis software that can provide fluorescent puncta quantification measurements such as 2D/3D particle size, spatial location/orientation, and intensities through semi-automation in a single, user-friendly interface. Integrated analysis options such as 2D/3D local background correction, chromatic aberration correction, and particle matching/filtering are also encompassed for improved precision and accuracy. We demonstrate 3D-Speckler microscope calibration capabilities by determining the chromatic aberrations, field illumination uniformity, and response to nanometer-scale emitters above and below the diffraction limit of our imaging system using multispectral beads. Furthermore, we demonstrated 3D-Speckler quantitative capabilities for offering insight into protein architectures and composition in cells.
Trap-loss spectroscopy of Rydberg states in ytterbium
Authors: Halter C , Miethke A , Sillus C , Hegde A , Görlitz A
Published: January 2023

We present an experimental study of the Rydberg

1

S
0

 - and

1

P
1

 - series of ytterbium for principal quantum numbers in the range of n = 70–90. The study is performed using trap loss spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap operating on the

6
1

S
0

→

6
1

P
1

transition at 399 nm. Compared to the commonly used Rydberg spectroscopy method using field-ionization and ion detection, trap loss spectroscopy is significantly simpler and requires a less sophisticated experimental setup. Using this method we determine relative values of the scalar and tensor electric polarizabilities of both,

6
s
n

s
1

S
0

 - and

6
s
n

p
1

P
1

 - Rydberg states.
Magnetic skyrmion dynamics induced by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Yang Yang , Ji Yahui , Zhang Chenye , Nan Tianxiang
Published: January 2023

Magnetic skyrmions are promising information carriers for high-density memories. The dynamical motion of magnetic skyrmions have been extensively investigated in the development of magnetic racetracks. In this study, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is theoretically investigated to drive skyrmions by using micromagnetic simulations. The in-plane type and out-of-plane particle displacement components of SAWs generate different magnetoelastic effective fields. The shear horizontal (SH) wave mode SAW drives skyrmions flow movement by the magnetoelastic coupling effect. Increasing the acoustic wave amplitude and magnetoelastic coupling constants, as well as a reduced wavelength, are beneficial for an enhanced skyrmion motion velocity. The skyrmion motion trajectory can be controlled by designing the geometry of magnetic films. Interestingly, in a circular magnetic film, the skyrmions driven by SH waves show clockwise or counterclockwise movement trajectories depending on the sign of topological charges. Our results provide an energy efficient approach to drive skyrmion dynamics including rotational motion, thus paving the way for low-power spintronics.
Formulation of dual functional gCN/TeO2-ZnO nanocomposites as a controlled release nanofertilizer and antibacterial agent
Authors: Singh Aishwarya , Dasauni Khushboo , KumarNailwal Tapan , Nenavathu Bhavani Prasad
Published: January 2023

A simple cost-effective sono-chemical method was used for the synthesis of gCN/TeO2-ZnO ternary (2%, 5%, and 10%) nanocomposites, having crystallite size of 12 nm. FE-SEM and transmission electron microscopy images revealed the formation of core–shell type nanocomposites with an average size of 50 nm. Further, E. coli MTCC 443 strain is used as a model organism to study the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposites, using disc diffusion method. Among all the concentrations, 2% gCN/TeO2-ZnO showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23 ± 0.10 mm and its antibacterial activity is like third-generation antibiotic cefotaxime. In addition, the prepared nanocomposites were used as nanofertilizer for the growth of gram seeds Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The effect of nanocomposite concentration and its sterilising properties are studied on the rate of germination of Chickpea using both in vitro and in vivo studies (pot study). The root length of the gCN/TeO2-ZnO treated plants showed increase in seed germination (3.30 cm) compared to untreated plants (3.22 cm). In addition, enhancement in the shoot length about 28% is noticed in pot studies, compared to control batch samples. The accumulation of nanomaterial in plant roots was confirmed using SEM-EDX and ICP-MS. Finally, a 14-day experiment was conducted to ascertain the role of gCN/TeO2-ZnO in the controlled release of nutrients from the synthesised nanofertilizer. Owing to its excellent water holding capacity, sterilizing properties, and low toxicity this material can be used as a growth promoter in plants.
Fluorinated graphene grating metasurface for terahertz dark state excitation
Authors: Valynets Nadzeya I , Paddubskaya Alesia G , Sysoev Vitalii I , Gorodetskiy Dmitriy V , Bulusheva Lyubov G , Okotrub Alexander V
Published: January 2023

We propose an original technique for the grating metasurfaces fabrication by low-power ultraviolet laser treatment of fluorinated graphene (FG) films with the focus on terahertz applications. The laser treatment reduces dielectric FG to its conductive counterparts, increasing DC conductivity to 170 S·m−1 for treated areas. The electromagnetic response of the grating metasurfaces studied by THz time-domain spectroscopy in the 100 GHz–1 THz frequency range demonstrates enhanced resonant transmittance through metasurfaces. The intensity and position of transmittance peak could be tuned by changing the metasurface geometry, i.e. the period of the structure and width of the reduced and unreduced areas. In particular, the decrease of the reduced FG area width from 400 to 170 μm leads to the shift of the resonance peak from 0.45 THz to the higher frequencies, 0.85 THz. Theoretical description based on the multipole theory supported by finite element numerical calculations confirms the excitation of the dark state in the metasurface unit cells comprising reduced and unreduced FG areas at resonance frequency determined by the structure geometrical features. Fabricated metasurfaces have been proved to be efficient narrowband polarizers being rotated by 50° about the incident THz field vector.
MIDRC CRP10 AI interface—an integrated tool for exploring, testing and visualization of AI models
Authors: Gorre Naveena , Carranza Eduardo , Fuhrman Jordan , Li Hui , Madduri Ravi K , Giger Maryellen , El Naqa Issam
Published: January 2023

Objective. Developing Machine Learning models (N Gorre et al 2023) for clinical applications from scratch can be a cumbersome task requiring varying levels of expertise. Seasoned developers and researchers may also often face incompatible frameworks and data preparation issues. This is further complicated in the context of diagnostic radiology and oncology applications, given the heterogenous nature of the input data and the specialized task requirements. Our goal is to provide clinicians, researchers, and early AI developers with a modular, flexible, and user-friendly software tool that can effectively meet their needs to explore, train, and test AI algorithms by allowing users to interpret their model results. This latter step involves the incorporation of interpretability and explainability methods that would allow visualizing performance as well as interpreting predictions across the different neural network layers of a deep learning algorithm. Approach. To demonstrate our proposed tool, we have developed the CRP10 AI Application Interface (CRP10AII) as part of the MIDRC consortium. CRP10AII is based on the web service Django framework in Python. CRP10AII/Django/Python in combination with another data manager tool/platform, data commons such as Gen3 can provide a comprehensive while easy to use machine/deep learning analytics tool. The tool allows to test, visualize, interpret how and why the deep learning model is performing. The major highlight of CRP10AII is its capability of visualization and interpretability of otherwise Blackbox AI algorithms. Results. CRP10AII provides many convenient features for model building and evaluation, including: (1) query and acquire data according to the specific application (e.g. classification, segmentation) from the data common platform (Gen3 here); (2) train the AI models from scratch or use pre-trained models (e.g. VGGNet, AlexNet, BERT) for transfer learning and test the model predictions, performance assessment, receiver operating characteristics curve evaluation; (3) interpret the AI model predictions using methods like SHAPLEY, LIME values; and (4) visualize the model learning through heatmaps and activation maps of individual layers of the neural network. Significance. Unexperienced users may have more time to swiftly pre-process, build/train their AI models on their own use-cases, and further visualize and explore these AI models as part of this pipeline, all in an end-to-end manner. CRP10AII will be provided as an open-source tool, and we expect to continue developing it based on users’ feedback.
Analysis modeling and experiment of bionic winding soft actuator inspired by plant tendrils
Authors: Li Jian , Luan Zhibo , Wang Yangwei , Huang Meizhen , Yan Jie , Wang Yuhan
Published: January 2023

As a special group of plants, vine plants can be spontaneously fixed with supports by winding or adsorbing. If the vine winding behavior is combined with a soft actuator, it is expected to improve the performance of the soft actuator in unstructured environments. Based on the pneumatic network structure, this study proposes a soft actuator with a symmetrical chamber and capable of winding or bending motion by imitating the winding motion of vine plants. Through the coupling motion of the symmetrical chamber under different or the same pressures, the winding flexibility of imitating vine plants can be better realized. Based on the minimum potential energy method and the constant curvature assumption, combined with the Yeoh model for large deformation of super elastic body, the deformation trajectory model of soft actuator in two states of unilateral winding and bending is constructed. The influence of structural design parameters of soft actuator on winding deformation is analyzed by finite element analysis. Finally, the reliability of the theoretical mathematical model is verified by experiments, the working performance of the software driver is tested, and the possible future applications are demonstrated.
Development and prototyping of SMA-metamaterial biaxial composite actuators
Authors: Mizzi Luke , Hoseini Seyedeh Farzaneh , Formighieri Marco , Spaggiari Andrea
Published: January 2023

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are excellent candidates for implementation in actuator systems due to their ability to recover their original shape after high-strain loading through a thermally-induced phase transition. In this work, we propose and develop a novel SMA-metamaterial actuator which is capable of exhibiting a reversible, global elongation in multiple directions induced by the unidirectional contraction upon heating of a single SMA component. This actuator consists of (a) an SMA component, (b) a bias component and (c) the metamaterial geometry, with each component having a distinct function: (a) actuation activation, (b) reversibility of actuation upon deactivation and (c) amplifying and re-directing the uni-directional SMA actuation globally throughout the actuator, respectively. A prototype actuator was designed and tested in various configurations over multiple activation/deactivation cycles in order to demonstrate the functionality and reusability of this system. Furthermore, a theoretical model which predicts the actuation stroke of the system on the basis of the material properties of the SMA and bias components as well as the geometry of the metamaterial system was developed and validated. The findings of this work demonstrate the considerable potential of SMA-metamaterial actuators for implementation in systems requiring a multi-axial actuation output.
JWST NIRCam Defocused Imaging: Photometric Stability Performance and How It Can Sense Mirror Tilts
Authors: Schlawin Everett , Beatty Thomas , Brooks Brian , Nikolov Nikolay K. , Greene Thomas P. , Espinoza Néstor , Glidic Kayli , Baka Keith , Egami Eiichi , Stansberry John , Boyer Martha , Gennaro Mario , Leisenring Jarron , Hilbert Bryan , Misselt Karl , Kelly Doug , Canipe Alicia , Beichman Charles , Correnti Matteo , Knight J. Scott , Jurling Alden , Perrin Marshall D. , Feinberg Lee D. , McElwain Michael W. , Bond Nicholas , Ciardi David , Kendrew Sarah , Rieke Marcia
Published: January 2023

We use JWST NIRCam short-wavelength photometry to capture a transit lightcurve of the exoplanet HAT-P-14 b to assess performance as part of instrument commissioning. The short-wavelength precision is 152 ppm per 27 s integration as measured over the full time series compared to a theoretical limit of 107 ppm, after corrections to spatially correlated 1/f noise. Persistence effects from charge trapping are well fit by an exponential function with short characteristic timescales, settling on the order of 5–15 minutes. The short-wavelength defocused photometry is also uniquely well suited to measure the real-time wave-front error of JWST. Analysis of the images and reconstructed wave-front maps indicates that two different hexagonal primary mirror segments exhibited “tilt events,” where they changed orientation rapidly in less than ∼1.4 s. In some cases, the magnitude and timing of the flux jumps caused by tilt events can be accurately predicted with a telescope model. These tilt events can be sensed by simultaneous longer-wavelength NIRCam grism spectral images alone in the form of changes to the point-spread function, diagnosed from the full width at half maximum. They can also be sensed with the fine guidance sensor instrument from difference images. Tilt events possibly from sudden releases of stress in the backplane structure behind the mirrors were expected during the commissioning period because they were found in ground-based testing. Tilt events have shown signs of decreasing in frequency but have not disappeared completely. The detectors exhibit some minor (less than 1%) deviations from linear behavior in the first few groups of each integration, potentially impacting absolute fluxes and transit depths on bright targets, where only a handful of groups are possible. Overall, the noise is within 50% of the theoretical photon noise and read noise. This bodes well for high-precision measurements of transiting exoplanets and other time variable targets.
Parametric study of Alfvénic instabilities driven by runaway electrons during the current quench in DIII-D
Authors: Lvovskiy A. , Paz-Soldan C. , Eidietis N.W. , Dal Molin A. , DeGrandchamp G.H. , Hollmann E.M. , Lestz J.B. , Liu C. , Nocente M. , Shiraki D. , Du X.D.
Published: January 2023

To avoid or mitigate runaway electron (RE) beams in ITER, RE-driven instabilities are actively studied as a complimentary technique to massive material injection. In this work we report experimental dependencies of Alfvénic instabilities driven by REs during the current quench in DIII-D on plasma and material injection parameters. These instabilities, observed in the frequency range of 0.1–3 MHz, correlate with increased RE loss and thus may play a role in non-sustained RE beams. It was found that as the toroidal magnetic field (

B

T

) decreases, the RE population becomes more energetic, the energy of instabilities increases, and no RE beam is observed when the maximum energy of REs exceeds 15 MeV (or when

B

T

is below 1.8 T). Analysis of disruptions at plasma core temperature (

T

e

) of 1 keV and 8 keV shows that the RE population is much less energetic (with the maximum energy of only about 3 MeV) when

T

e

is high, and no instabilities are observed in this case. Besides disruptions above caused by Ar injection, cases with Ne and D2 injections were also studied. Both Ne and D2 injections cause no sustained RE beams, however, for different reasons. Measurements of the instability polarization indicate that it is of predominantly compressional nature at the edge, which is consistent with modeling suggesting excitation of compressional Alfvén eigenmodes. However, drive of global Alfvén eigenmodes is also possible at low frequencies.
Hot spots induced by RF-accelerated electrons in the scrape-off layer on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Wang Y. , Hanada K. , Liu H. , Gao X. , Jie Y. , Li Y. , Li M. , Wu C. , Hu Y. , He K. , Zhang B. , Zhang L. , Zang Q. , Zhang T. , Zhou T. , Yu L. , Liang R. , Chu Y. , Xie J.
Published: January 2023

Preventing impurity emission from hot spots on plasma-facing materials is a critical issue in the maintenance of high-performance plasma on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). In this study, experimental and theoretical analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism of hot spot formation. In the upper single null magnetic configuration of the EAST, two separatrices were connected to the upper (primary) and lower (secondary) X-points. Experiments on plasma configuration control indicated that the reduction in the gap between the lower (secondary) separatrix and lower hybrid antenna is effective in preventing hot spot formation on the lower divertor, which frequently emits impurities in long-duration discharges. This effectiveness was quantitatively confirmed by magnetic field lines tracking simulation and calorimetric measurement of divertors in the experiment. Two-frequency power modulation of the lower hybrid wave (LHW) was conducted to evaluate power deposition on the scrape-off layer (SOL) during propagation from the LHW antenna to the main plasma. This experiment clarified that LHW-accelerated electrons in the SOL via collision damping deliver their energies to hot spots along the magnetic field line. These findings help alleviate or even eliminate the formation of hot spots and maintain the performance of plasma.
Research and Application of intelligent purchasing and transportation model for coal-fired power plant
Authors: Li Zihong , Chen Donglin , Yin Liguo , Yang Ningwu , Liu Wenzhe
Published: January 2023

At present, the decision-making method of coal purchase in most coal-fired power stations is based on the experience of blending coal and burning in thermal power units, but this method does not consider the factors of economy and transportation. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to optimize the coal purchasing scheme of coal-fired power plants based on the joint optimization decision model of coal purchasing and dispatching. First fuel characteristics of mixed coal and purchasing cost model was constructed to determine the fountainhead procurement constraints, and mixing coal prices, then dispatching model was constructed to determine the scheduling constraints and transport price, the final will buy coal cost and transportation cost summation minimum and the nature of the mixed coal constraints as a joint decision model, and USES the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve it. The decision model is applied to a power plant for verification, and the calculation results show that the total purchasing cost of power plant is greatly reduced.
Design and Implementation of Smart Energy Management System
Authors: Wen Jian , Deng Shengxiang
Published: January 2023

In order to optimize the energy management of the industrial park, the technical architecture and the function of intelligent energy management system are set up using information technology of use fixed number of year, load, capacity, cost of investment, etc. of various equipment in the industrial park. All the data monitoring, collection and analysis are based on the energy consumption index of scientific management, realizing the optimal operation, the effects of energy conservation and emissions reduction and refined energy management, and promoting the economic benefits of the park. Based on the Guangzhou City Project, in order to improve the comprehensive efficiency of energy use in the park, this paper carries out offline debugging and online commissioning of energy storage equipment in the park.
Study on the Power Data Assets and Trading System Design of Blockchain
Authors: Li Haitao , Xue Honglin , Guo Kang , Zhang Rui , Lu Shunfa
Published: January 2023

The sensitive data such as electric power data suffer from the easily abuse in the traditional centralized data trading system. To solve this problem, the blockchain-based power data’s capitalization and trading system were proposed in this study. Given the trust for blockchain technology, this work established a multi-party trusty network between multiple parties in the distributed ledger with cryptographic algorithms, and distributed multi-party consensus protocol. The system development with Hyperledger’s consortium blockchain framework Fabric made the power data safe, transparent and immutable. The local development environment for testing included a operating system MAC OS 10.14.6, six-core CPU 3.0 GHz, RAM 16 GB. A single machine is configured with multiple block chain network nodes, an ordering node, and two organizations Org0 and Org1, each of which has two nodes Peer0 and Peer1, and adopts the Solo consensus mechanism. The experimental results show that the system run well in the integrated test, satisfied the design requirements, and had low maintenance costs and improved security. Compared with the traditional data trading system, the blockchain-based power data’s capitalization and trading system demonstrated the comprehensive functionality and security advantages in the study.
Visualization of cold surface frosting
Authors: Xia Peng , Fan Lei , Xu Conghui , Diao Yongfa , Lin Yang , Lai Fangye
Published: January 2023

The frosting has a profound impact on heat transfer. The surface frosting makes heat transfer difficult and reduces heat transfer efficiency. Therefore, it is particularly important to study anti freezing methods and measures. In this paper, based on the constant temperature and humidity visualization system, the freezing process and frosting process of water droplets on the bare aluminium surface, hydrophilic coating surface, and hydrophobic coating surface were observed by Rising View and MATLAB. The thickness of frost, the freezing radius of water droplets, the morphology of ice crystals, and the coverage rate of water droplets were compared. Finally, the effect of different coatings on inhibiting frosting was analysed quantitatively and theoretically.
Fault transient feature extraction method of 66kV transmission line based on improved wavelet threshold and CEEMDAN-FME
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Pan Zhongfeng , Liang Xiaolong , Wang Keqiang , Liu Gang , Ning Li , Tang Xiaoning , Zhao Pengyang
Published: January 2023

In the 66kV transmission line, the compensation effect of the arc suppression coil, so the amplitude of fault zero sequence current is weak after the occurrence of single-phase grounding responsibility. The fault characteristics are not obvious, and there is environmental noise interference during fault signal acquisition, which further increases the difficulty of ground fault feature extraction. To solve the above problems, a fault transient feature extraction method of 66kV transmission line is proposed, based on improved wavelet threshold and Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) - Fuzzy measure entropy (FME). The characteristics of single-phase grounding transient fault in small current grounding system are analyzed. The transient fault signal was preprocessed by an improved wavelet threshold method, and the transient fault characteristics were extracted accurately by CEEMDAN-FME processing. The proposed method has good anti-noise performance through the simulation comparison and verification of denoising processing and transient feature extraction by MATLAB. It can effectively extract fault features when the interference degree is significant.
A theoretical comparison of silicon and diamond in microdosimetry
Authors: Yu Songke , Wang Dong , Zhong Xiaojuan , Zhu Hongkui , Chen Wei
Published: January 2023

Silicon and diamond are regarded as promising solid-state
detectors for microdosimetry and have attracted considerable
attention in recent years. However, their performance is slightly
different due to the difference in physical qualities. In this work,
we intend to compare their performance in microdosimetry
theoretically from the aspect of tissue equivalence and electronic
properties. The tissue equivalence study has shown that diamond
exhibits better tissue equivalence than silicon due to the
approximation of mean ionization/excitation potential to tissue. And
the tissue equivalence of silicon is acceptable when the incident
energy is low. In electronic properties comparison, the results
indicate that the collection time in the diamond is shorter than
that in silicon when aligned in the same configuration, and the
current signal induced in CVD diamond is higher than in silicon at
low electric fields. The current in natural diamond is greater than
silicon at the low electric field only when the energy deposited in
silicon and diamond is different. Since the microdosimeter is
usually performed at low electric fields in microdosimetry to ensure
low electronic noise, the electronic properties of high-quality CVD
diamond are superior to silicon for microdosimetry applications. It
seems that diamond, especially high-quality CVD diamond, exhibits
better tissue equivalence and electronic properties than silicon in
microdosimetry.
Future changes in extreme heatwaves in terms of intensity and duration over the CORDEX-East Asia Phase Two domain using multi-GCM and multi-RCM chains
Authors: Kim Young-Hyun , Ahn Joong-Bae , Suh Myoung-Seok , Cha Dong-Hyun , Chang Eun-Chul , Min Seung-Ki , Byun Young-Hwa , Kim Jin-Uk
Published: January 2023

An extreme heatwave, in terms of intensity and duration, is projected to occur at the end of the 21st century (2071–2100) over the whole of East Asia. The projection is calculated using daily maximum temperature data of 25 km horizontal resolution produced by 12 general circulation model-regional climate model chains participating in the CORDEX-East Asia Phase 2 project. An ‘extreme’ heatwave is defined as one in which the heatwave magnitude (HWM), which is the accumulated daily intensity of a heatwave during the heatwave period, is higher than the 95th percentile of the HWM for the reference period (1981–2005). In historical simulations, heatwaves have occurred mainly from April to June in India, in April and May in Indochina, from June to August in China and Mongolia, and in July and August in the Korean Peninsula and Japan; most heatwaves last three to four days. In India and Indochina, long-lasting and intense heatwaves occur more often than in other regions. In future, heatwave intensity will increase, the average duration of heatwaves will be approximately two to three weeks, and the heatwave season will be lengthened. Therefore, extreme heatwaves will occur more frequently and strongly. Under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) and two shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), the proportion of extreme heatwaves to all heatwave events will increase from 5.0% (historical) to 8.0%, 20.8%, 19.3%, and 36.3%, and the HWM of the extreme heatwave will be 1.4, 3.5, 3.0, and 9.0 times stronger, respectively. The main reason for the increase in the HWM of extreme heatwaves is the increased duration rather than the daily intensity of the heatwaves. In East Asia, the temporal and regional disparities of heatwave damage will be much more prominent as extreme heatwaves become stronger and more frequent in these regions and during the periods that are more affected by heatwaves in the present day.
A transfer operator approach to relativistic quantum wavefunction
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Authors: Mezić Igor
Published: January 2023

The original intent of the Koopman–von Neumann formalism was to put classical and quantum mechanics on the same footing by introducing an operator formalism into classical mechanics. Here we pursue their path the opposite way and examine what transfer operators can say about quantum mechanical evolution. To that end, we introduce a physically motivated scalar wavefunction formalism for a velocity field on a 4-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold, and obtain an evolution equation for the associated wavefunction, a generator for an associated weighted transfer operator. The generator of the scalar evolution is of first order in space and time. The probability interpretation of the formalism leads to recovery of the Schrödinger equation in the non-relativistic limit. In the special relativity limit, we show that the scalar wavefunction of Dirac spinors satisfies the new equation. A connection with string theoretic considerations for mass is provided.
Design and bioprinting for tissue interfaces
Authors: Altunbek Mine , Afghah Ferdows , Caliskan Ozum Sehnaz , Yoo James J , Koc Bahattin
Published: January 2023

Tissue interfaces include complex gradient structures formed by transitioning of biochemical and mechanical properties in micro-scale. This characteristic allows the communication and synchronistic functioning of two adjacent but distinct tissues. It is particularly challenging to restore the function of these complex structures by transplantation of scaffolds exclusively produced by conventional tissue engineering methods. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has opened an unprecedented approach for precise and graded patterning of chemical, biological and mechanical cues in a single construct mimicking natural tissue interfaces. This paper reviews and highlights biochemical and biomechanical design for 3D bioprinting of various tissue interfaces, including cartilage-bone, muscle-tendon, tendon/ligament-bone, skin, and neuro-vascular/muscular interfaces. Future directions and translational challenges are also provided at the end of the paper.
Modified Pearcey beam with enhanced focusing effects
Authors: Peng Zimu , Xia Tian , Tao Shaohua
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the focusing effects of the Pearcey beam (PB) are improved based on catastrophe optics, and the Pearcey integral is modified based on the butterfly catastrophe light field. A modified Pearcey beam (MPB) with a long focal depth is proposed, and the flexible adjustment of the focus position of the MPB is realized through theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment. The long focal depth of the beam is achieved under the premise of keeping the stable focus of the beam. Compared with the PB, the MPB has longer focal depth and more flexible focus position. With improved focusing effects, the applications of the MPBs in optical imaging and optical manipulation can be expanded.
Detection and rectification method for bent QR code recognition using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tanaka Kazumoto
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a method for decoding a bent quick-response code attached to a cylinder. The proposed method consists of two-stage image rectification using the shape function employed in a finite-element-method-based deformation analysis and a pix2pix network, which is a type of generative adversarial network. Rectification based on the shape function requires eight feature points, called nodes, of the bent code. A stacked hourglass network, a convolutional neural network used for human pose estimation, is used to detect these eight nodes. The experimental results show that, compared with other methods, the proposed method can more accurately decode bent codes with larger degrees of curvature.
Multicultural Identities at Work
Authors: Lee Yih-Teen , Gyamfi Nana Yaa
Published: January 2023

Cultural identity, a specific form of social identity that refers to a person’s degree of identification and sense of belonging to a specific cultural group, has been extensively examined as a kind of social identity over the past decades, especially in the fields of migration, cross-cultural psychology, and applied international management. Meanwhile, exposure to settings with different cultures typically triggers a process of acculturation, enabling individuals to develop multicultural identities, whereby people see things from multiple cultural groups’ perspectives, feel at one with the cultural groups, and act according to the norms of those cultural groups. Individual organizational members serve as the conduit by which culture influences and is influenced by organizational life. There exist various forms of multicultural identities with different psychological and behavioral implications on individuals. In terms of plurality, to date, extant studies accumulated extensive knowledge on biculturalism, which focuses on individuals having two distinct cultural identities and how these identities intersect and influence the individual. Beyond biculturalism obtained through birth, ancestry, or immersive foreign experience, individuals may become multicultural by being simultaneously immersed in more than two cultures: a situation common among children of immigrants (i.e., second-generation immigrants), children raised in multicultural households, third culture individuals who spend their formative years outside their passport country, and individuals living within multicultural societies.

A key to understanding multicultural identities is how these multiple identities are structured within individuals. Scholars largely agree that the structural pattern of identities affects the outcomes and degree of synergy among multiple identities. Widely accepted modes of structuring multiple identities include relative strength of identities involved and how multiple identities relate to each other. Scholars have built on these lines of thinking to examine specific forms of multicultural identities and their outcomes. Furthermore, research indicates that multiculturals possess unique identity resources relevant to organizational life, including cognitive strengths, relational capital and belonging, and leadership-related competencies.

Although there is evidence for responsiveness of multicultural identity to situational cues, there are also strong arguments made in favor of the agency of individuals over their multiple identities. The foregoing notwithstanding, individuals with multicultural identities must balance their agentic enactments of identity with societal requirements of legitimacy. In particular, business organizations play a vital role in providing identity workspaces and other enabling factors which legitimize multicultural identities. Additionally, business organizations play the role of balancing power, status and other dynamics between multicultural and non-multicultural members.
Racial Culture Wars in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel P.S.
Published: January 2023

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore are ethnically and religious diverse countries in Southeast Asia that had established postcolonial multiracial compacts to counter the legacies of colonial racism and pursued inclusive nation-building under authoritarian conditions in the early decades after independence. This contained the rise of political Islam among the majority Javanese and Malays in Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively, and secured racial harmony in Singapore despite the political and economic dominance of the Chinese majority.

Political liberalization after the Asian financial crisis and the democratization of the public sphere with the Internet have led to the decline of the multiracial compacts and the emergence of culture wars between conservatives and progressives over the nation’s values and future. Renewed Islamization pits conservative against moderate Muslims in everyday life and new media spaces while putting heavy pressure on Chinese and Christian minorities as well as the secular state in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Singapore, the spread of conservative Christianity among the Chinese and conservative Islam among the Malays pits conservatives against progressives in the growing civil society sector championing secularism and liberalization in racial, gender, and sexual discourse, with all sides using new media for political mobilization. These trends intersect with the politics of race and racism unleashed by the decline of the multiracial compacts, engendering racial culture wars mixing race and religion.

The recent pervasive spread of social media has intensified the conflicts of the racial culture wars, leading to intergroup violence, prosecution of individuals for insulting religious sensitivities, and heated accusations of racism and of religious and racial sensitivities being offended. Social media is also changing the dynamics of the racial culture wars, collapsing the boundary between the offline world of face-to-face interaction and the online world of viral realities, causing casual everyday remarks and actions to become national controversies. Efforts to promote antiracism and multiculturalism need to move into the social media space in creative and relevant ways to counter the racial culture wars.