bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developmental models of motor-evoked potential features by transcranial magnetic stimulation across age groups from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Nguyen Dao T. A. , Julkunen Petro , Säisänen Laura , Määttä Sara , Rissanen Saara M. , Lintu Niina , Könönen Mervi , Lakka Timo , Karjalainen Pasi A.
Published: June 2023

To derive the maturation of neurophysiological processes from childhood to adulthood reflected by the change of motor-evoked potential (MEP) features. 38 participants were recruited from four groups (age mean in years [SD in months], number (males)): children (7.3 [4.2], 7(4)), preadolescents (10.3 [6.9], 10(5)), adolescents (15.3 [9.8], 11(5)), and adults (26.9 [46.2], 10(5)). The navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed on both hemispheres at seven stimulation intensity (SI) levels from sub- to supra-threshold and targeted to the representative cortical area of abductor pollicis brevis muscle. MEPs were measured from three hand- and two forearm-muscles. The input–output (I/O) curves of MEP features across age groups were constructed using linear mixed-effect models. Age and SI significantly affected MEP features, whereas the stimulated side had a minor impact. MEP size and duration increased from childhood to adulthood. MEP onset- and peak-latency dropped in adolescence, particularly in hand muscles. Children had the smallest MEPs with the highest polyphasia, whereas I/O curves were similar among preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. This study illustrates some of the changing patterns of MEP features across the ages, suggesting developing patterns of neurophysiological processes activated by TMS, and to motivate studies with larger sample size.
An emerging Asian aerosol dipole pattern reshapes the Asian summer monsoon and exacerbates northern hemisphere warming
Authors: Xiang Baoqiang , Xie Shang-Ping , Kang Sarah M. , Kramer Ryan J.
Published: June 2023

Since the early 2010s, anthropogenic aerosols have started decreasing in East Asia (EA) while have continued to increase in South Asia (SA). Yet the climate impacts of this Asian aerosol dipole (AAD) pattern remain largely unknown. Using a state-of-the-art climate model, we demonstrate that the climate response is distinctly different between the SA aerosol increases and EA aerosol decreases. The SA aerosol increases lead to ~2.7 times stronger land summer precipitation change within the forced regions than the EA aerosol decreases. Contrastingly, the SA aerosol increases, within the tropical monsoon regime, produce weak and tropically confined responses, while the EA aerosol decreases yield a pronounced northern hemisphere warming aided by extratropical mean westerly and positive air-sea feedbacks over the western North Pacific. By scaling the observed instantaneous shortwave radiative forcing, we reveal that the recent AAD induces a pronounced northern hemisphere extratropical (beyond 30°N) warming (0.024 ± 0.010 °C decade−1), particularly over Europe (0.049 ± 0.009 °C decade−1). These findings highlight the importance of the pattern effect of forcings in driving global climate and have important implications for decadal prediction.
CRISPR prime editing for unconstrained correction of oncogenic KRAS variants
Authors: Jang Gayoung , Kweon Jiyeon , Kim Yongsub
Published: June 2023

KRAS is the most commonly mutated RAS family gene and is a primary cause of the occurrence of several types of cancer. However, KRAS mutations have several unique and diverse molecular identities, making it difficult to find specific treatments. Here, we developed universal pegRNAs which can correct all types of G12 and G13 oncogenic KRAS mutations with CRISPR-mediated prime editors (PEs). The universal pegRNA successfully corrected 12 types of KRAS mutations, accounting for 94% of all known KRAS mutations, by up to 54.8% correction frequency in HEK293T/17 cells. We also applied the universal pegRNA to correct endogenous KRAS mutations in human cancer cells and found that G13D KRAS mutation was successfully corrected to wild-type KRAS sequences with up to 40.6% correction frequency without indel mutations. We propose prime editing with the universal pegRNA as a ‘one–to–many’ potential therapeutic strategy for KRAS oncogene variants.
Integrin-mediated electric axon guidance underlying optic nerve formation in the embryonic chick retina
Authors: Yamashita Masayuki
Published: June 2023

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons converge on the optic disc to form an optic nerve. However, the mechanism of RGC axon convergence remains elusive. In the embryonic retina, an electric field (EF) exists and this EF converges on the future optic disc. EFs have been demonstrated in vitro to orient axons toward the cathode. Here, I show that the EF directs RGC axons through integrin in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner. The cathodal growth of embryonic chick RGC axons, which express integrin α6β1, was enhanced by monoclonal anti-chicken integrin β1 antibodies. Mn2+ abolished these EF effects, as Mn2+ occupies the Ca2+-dependent negative regulatory site in the β1 subunit to eliminate Ca2+ inhibition. The present study proposes an integrin-mediated electric axon steering model, which involves directional Ca2+ movements and asymmetric microtubule stabilization. Since neuroepithelial cells generate EFs during neurogenesis, electric axon guidance may primarily be used in central nervous system development.
Optogenetic control of migration of contractile cells predicted by an active gel model
Authors: Drozdowski Oliver M. , Ziebert Falko , Schwarz Ulrich S.
Published: June 2023

Cell crawling on flat substrates stems from intracellular flows of the actin cytoskeleton that are driven by both actin polymerization at the front and myosin contractility at the back. Optogenetics makes it experimentally possible to spatially control contraction and possibly cell migration too. Here we theoretically analyze this situation using a one-dimensional active gel model that reflects the property of myosin II to assemble into minifilaments. Our model predicts bistability between sessile and motile solutions when cell adhesion and contractility are sufficiently large and in balance. We show that one can switch between the different states at realistic parameter values via optogenetic activation or inhibition of contractility, in agreement with recent experiments performed for neutrophils in microchannels. We predict the required activation strengths and initiation times, compare the effects of local and global increases of myosin II levels, and show that actin polymerization alone can affect a switch in direction only at high strength.
A magnetically-induced Coulomb gap in graphene due to electron-electron interactions
Authors: Vdovin Evgenii E. , Greenaway Mark T. , Khanin Yurii N. , Morozov Sergey V. , Makarovsky Oleg , Patanè Amalia , Mishchenko Artem , Slizovskiy Sergey , Fal’ko Vladimir I. , Geim Andre K. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Eaves Laurence
Published: June 2023

Insights into the fundamental properties of graphene’s Dirac-Weyl fermions have emerged from studies of electron tunnelling transistors in which an atomically thin layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is sandwiched between two layers of high purity graphene. Here, we show that when a single defect is present within the hBN tunnel barrier, it can inject electrons into the graphene layers and its sharply defined energy level acts as a high resolution spectroscopic probe of electron-electron interactions in graphene. We report a magnetic field dependent suppression of the tunnel current flowing through a single defect below temperatures of ~2 K. This is attributed to the formation of a magnetically-induced Coulomb gap in the spectral density of electrons tunnelling into graphene due to electron-electron interactions.
Anthropogenic warming has exacerbated droughts in southern Europe since the 1850s
Authors: An Wenling , Xu Chenxi , Marković Slobodan B. , Sun Shanlei , Sun Yue , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Govedar Zoran , Hao Qingzhen , Guo Zhengtang
Published: June 2023

Widespread and frequent droughts have affected most parts of Europe over recent years, but it remains unclear when this synchronous drying trend began and how it has been influenced by anthropogenic forcing. Here we reconstruct and explore the history of drought in southern Europe over the past 300 years using an annual record of tree-ring oxygen isotopes from a site in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The reconstruction suggests that the onset of the drying trend in southern Europe occurred around the 1850s, which is consistent with previous studies demonstrating the extensive and long-lasting drying across central and western European areas. The evidence from CMIP6 model and reanalysis data demonstrates that anthropogenic warming has enhanced the strength of land–atmosphere coupling and exacerbated the widespread drying trend since the 1850s.
Transition Metal-containing Dendrimers in Biomedicine
Authors: Abd-El-Aziz Alaa S , Youssef Amal M , Abd-El-Aziz Ahmad
Published: June 2023

There has been increasing research into designing transition metal-containing dendrimers as innovative materials, especially in the field of biomedicine and pharmaceutical science. They have applications in biosensors and drug-delivery systems, and are now one of the leading classes in the design of therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases.

This book introduces readers to a number of classes of metal-containing dendrimers, before moving onto their design and synthesis. Their applications in biomedicine are then discussed, before highlighting future research targets in this growing field. It emphasizes the synthetic strategies to design transition metal-containing dendrimers, and discusses the type of laboratory work used to examine these types of dendrimers in the fields of medicine and pharmacology, including their antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities.

Transition Metal-Containing Dendrimers in Biomedicine brings chemistry, biology, pharmaceutical science and medical fields together to design these future materials which will have global benefits.
Carbonaceous Materials in Green Sample Preparation
Authors: Agrawal Arpana , Hussain Chaudhery Ghazanfar , Keçili Rüstem , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: June 2023

Owing to their fascinating properties such as high surface area-to-volume ratios, porosity, chemical/thermal stability, and conductivity, carbonaceous materials are considered to be one of the excellent classes of adsorbent/sorbent materials and have led to significant advancements in the field of analytical chemistry. Their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, environmentally friendly nature, and non-toxic adsorbent behavior make them extremely useful for green sample preparation techniques such as solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, and magnetic solid phase extraction. Herein, an overview of recent uses of carbonaceous materials including carbon nanotubes (single/multiwalled carbon nanotubes), graphene/graphene oxide (GO)-based materials, cellulose, lignin, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanodiamonds, carbon nanofibres, and activated carbon as green sorbents in green sample preparation techniques has been provided in detail along with their advantages and limitations.
Y3+@CdTe quantum dot nanoprobe as a fluorescence signal enhancement sensing platform for the visualization of norfloxacin
Authors: Chen Xiong , Jiang Yuanhang , Liu Ying , Yao Cheng
Published: June 2023

Quinolone antibiotics (norfloxacin) pose a serious threat to animal and human health due to their misuse and difficulty in being broken down in surface water and food.
An efficient Selectfluor-mediated condensation of indoles and anthranilates for the synthesis of indoloquinazolinones
Authors: Wang Xinzhe , Wu Zhipeng , Tu Guogang , Zhao Yuanyue , Xiong Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

Intermolecular fluorocyclization of indoles with anthranilates, which proceeded smoothly to give diverse indoloquinazolinone architectures under mild reaction conditions, has been developed.
Superhardness in nanotwinned boron carbide: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Shi Liping , Zhang Hongchi , Ma Xiaoliang , Yang Lin , Zhong Yesheng , He Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

The shear strength and indentation hardness of boron carbide are improved by introducing nanoscale twins, and twin boundaries can hinder the expansion of amorphous shear bands.
Understanding the polaron behavior in Cs2CuSbCl6 halide double perovskite
Authors: Bechir Mohamed Ben , Znaidia Sami
Published: June 2023

Schematic picture of the solvothermal method to obtain Cs2CuSbCl6 single crystals. Polaron movement within the Cs2CuSbCl6 lattice cell.
Quantitative evaluation of the electronic features involving “nucleophilic–electrophilic” character in the chalcogen sulfur
Authors: Mandal Koushik , Hasija Avantika , Shukla Rahul , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Chopra Deepak
Published: June 2023

The role of sulfur exhibiting amphoteric behaviour is established in organic molecules via in situ cryocrystallography.
Ultrastable 3D cage-like metal–organic frameworks constructed using polydentate cyanurate ligands and their gas adsorption properties
Authors: Xing Wenhao , Kang Kaijin , Tang Jian , Tang Chunlan , Yin Wenlong , Kang Bin , Deng Jianguo
Published: June 2023

An ultrastable cage-like MOFs (SrCu(HC3N3O3)2) was constructed by polydentate cyanurate ligand, which possesses the highest porosity up to 36.7% among cyanuric acid-based MOFs, and can achieve efficient C3H4/C3H6separation under dynamic conditions.
Data-driven pursuit of electrochemically stable 2D materials with basal plane activity toward oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Zhang Shengli , Kou Liangzhi , Yam Chi-Yung , Frauenheim Thomas , Chen Zhongfang , Huang Shiping
Published: June 2023

We presented a data-driven framework for a discovery of high-performance 2D catalysts. 24 stable and active ORR catalysts and 2 OER catalysts were identified, and the strategy for evaluating electrochemical stability of materials was proposed.
The operation active sites of O2 reduction to H2O2 over ZnO
Authors: Zhou Yunjie , Xu Liang , Wu Jie , Zhu Wenxiang , He Tiwei , Yang Hao , Huang Hui , Cheng Tao , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2023

ZnO@ZnO2 shows ∼100% 2e− ORR selectivity in neutral media and a rate of 5.47 mol gcat−1 h−1 and an FE of 95.5% in bulk H2O2 production. The in situ growth of ZnO2 on ZnO restructures the operation active sites to facilitate a superior 2e− ORR activity.
Coupling effects between metal–organic framework derivatives and oxygen-deficient TiO2 nanotubes: identified charge-transfer processes and photoelectric synergistic effect
Authors: Zhang Honglin , Jia Meiying , Tong Jing , Peng Haihao , Xiang Yinping , Chen Zhaomeng , Xu Zhengyong , Yang Zhaohui , Xiong Weiping
Published: June 2023

Identified charge-transfer processes and photoelectric synergistic effect of the photoanode enhance the antibiotic wastewater treatment and free radical synergies.
A perspective of COx conversion to aromatics
Authors: Tian Guo , Liang Xiaoyu , Xiong Hao , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Fei
Published: June 2023

The sustainable production of chemicals through COx hydrogenation is a growing area of interest, with thermal catalytic conversion showing the most promise.
Hydraulic–electric analogy for design and operation of microfluidic systems
Authors: Li Zhenglin , Liu Chao , Sun Jiashu
Published: June 2023

Hydraulic–electric analogy enables the design and operation of microfluidic circuits with minimal requirement of external control equipment.
Continuous trapping, elasticity measuring and deterministic printing of single cells using arrayed microfluidic traps
Authors: Cai Yike , Yu En , Jin Jing , Liu Ya , Chen Huaying
Published: June 2023

A novel microfluidic technology integrating capturing, elasticity measurement, and printing of single cells based on the precise regulation of pressure across an array of U-shaped microtraps.
Preparation and properties of ZnS–CdSe@Co/N–C core/shell composites for visible light photoconversion of CO2
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xu Yue , Liu Fan , Yan Guo-Ping , Guo San-Wei
Published: June 2023

ZnS–CdSe@Co/N–C core/shell composites were constructed and evaluated as homogeneous catalysts and expected to regulate the bandwidth, increase light absorption, and improve the cycling performance.
Two novel supramolecular structures of Evans–Showell type polyoxometalate for heterogeneous and efficient catalytic conversion of different sulfides
Authors: An Haiyan , Huang Yaohui , Chen Yanhong , Zhu Qingshan , Wei Yuting
Published: June 2023

Two brand-new 3D supramolecular structures constructed from Evans–Showell type POMs heterogeneously catalyzed high-selectivity conversion of sulfide oxidation.
A computational study of design and performance investigation of Ni-based electrocatalysts for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zou Jingyi , Ren Xuefeng
Published: June 2023

Theoretical calculations were used to design Ni-based catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic HER.
High-performance Vo-ZnO/ZnS benefiting nanoarchitectonics from the synergism between defect engineering and surface engineering for photoelectrochemical glucose sensors
Authors: Xu Yongtao , Yan Bingdong , Lai Caiyan , Wang Mingyu , Cao Yang , Tu Jinchun , Chen Delun , Liu Youbin , Wu Qiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, a ZnO/ZnS nanocluster heterojunction photoelectrode rich in surface oxygen defects (Vo-ZnO/ZnS) was prepared by applying a simple in situ anion substitution and nitrogen atmosphere annealing method.
Dynamic interfaces for contact-time control of colloidal interactions
Authors: Xu Yaxin , Choi Kyu Hwan , Nagella Sachit G. , Takatori Sho C.
Published: June 2023

We combine experiment, theory, and simulation to identify a contact time-dependent interaction between pairs of colloidal particles coated by surface-mobile polymer brushes.
Low thermal conductivity in Bi8CsO8SeX7 (X = Cl, Br) by combining different structural motifs
Authors: Newnham Jon A. , Gibson Quinn D. , Surta T. Wesley. , Morscher Alexandra , Manning Troy D. , Daniels Luke M. , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

By combining different structural features to scatter phonons Bi8CsO8SeX7 (X = Cl, Br) exhibits ultra-low thermal conductivities of ∼0.22 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature.
Efficient piezocatalysis of Bi0.5(Na1−xKx)0.5TiO3 nanoparticles: bridging the phase ratio at MPB composition and piezocatalytic activity
Authors: Liang Jun , Jiang Yue , Sun Yunlong , Rawal Aditya , Zhang Qi , Song Zizheng , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Du Jianhao , Jiang Chenlu , Chang Shery L. Y. , Fei Linfeng , Ke Shanming , Chen Zibin , Li Wenxian , Wang Danyang
Published: June 2023

This work will not only shed some light on understanding the dominant mechanism of piezocatalysis, but also uncover additional degrees of freedom, namely phase ratio within a phase boundary region, to further enhance the piezocatalytic efficiency.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as apt luminescent probes for the detection of biochemical analytes
Authors: Luo Dongwen , Huang Jiefeng , Jian Yanhong , Singh Ayushi , Kumar Abhinav , Liu Jianqiang , Pan Ying , Ouyang Qin
Published: June 2023

This article reviews the recent developments in the use of MOF materials as probes and biosensing platforms for diverse chemicals (H2O2, metal ions, H2S, GSH, and nucleic acids) in biological cells.
The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans
Authors: Mrowicka Małgorzata , Mrowicki Jerzy , Dragan Grzegorz , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: June 2023

Thiamine (thiamin, B1) is a vitamin necessary for proper cell function. It exists in a free form as a thiamine, or as a mono-, di- or triphosphate. Thiamine plays a special role in the body as a coenzyme necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. In addition, it participates in the cellular respiration and oxidation of fatty acids: in malnourished people, high doses of glucose result in acute thiamine deficiency. It also participates in energy production in the mitochondria and protein synthesis. In addition, it is also needed to ensure the proper functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system, where it is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. Its deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate and pyruvate accumulation, and consequently to focal thalamic degeneration, manifested as Wernicke’s encephalopathy or Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. It can also lead to severe or even fatal neurologic and cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, neuropathy leading to ataxia and paralysis, confusion, or delirium. The most common risk factor for thiamine deficiency is alcohol abuse.

This paper presents current knowledge of the biological functions of thiamine, its antioxidant properties, and the effects of its deficiency in the body.
How far can omics go in unveiling the mechanisms of floral senescence?
Authors: Rogers Hilary J.
Published: June 2023

Floral senescence is of fundamental interest in understanding plant developmental regulation, it is of ecological and agricultural interest in relation to seed production, and is of key importance to the production of cut flowers. The biochemical changes occurring are well-studied and involve macromolecular breakdown and remobilisation of nutrients to developing seeds or other young organs in the plant. However, the initiation and regulation of the process and inter-organ communication remain to be fully elucidated. Although ethylene emission, which becomes autocatalytic, is a key regulator in some species, in other species it appears not to be as important. Other plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, however, seem to be important in floral senescence across both ethylene sensitive and insensitive species. Other plant growth regulators are also likely involved. Omics approaches have provided a wealth of data especially in ornamental species where genome data is lacking. Two families of transcription factors: NAC and WRKY emerge as major regulators, and omics information has been critical in understanding their functions. Future progress would greatly benefit from a single model species for understanding floral senescence; however, this is challenging due to the diversity of regulatory mechanisms. Combining omics data sets can be powerful in understanding different layers of regulation, but in vitro biochemical and or genetic analysis through transgenics or mutants is still needed to fully verify mechanisms and interactions between regulators.
Amyloid precursor protein and its interacting proteins in neurodevelopment
Authors: Chau Dennis Dik-Long , Ng Laura Lok-Haang , Zhai Yuqi , Lau Kwok-Fai
Published: June 2023

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide is derived from it. Two closely related APP family proteins (APPs) have also been identified in mammals. Current knowledge, including genetic analyses of gain- and loss-of-function mutants, highlights the importance of APPs in various physiological functions. Notably, APPs consist of multiple extracellular and intracellular protein-binding regions/domains. Protein–protein interactions are crucial for many cellular processes. In past decades, many APPs interactors have been identified which assist the revelation of the putative roles of APPs. Importantly, some of these interactors have been shown to influence several APPs-mediated neuronal processes which are found defective in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Studying APPs–interactor complexes would not only advance our understanding of the physiological roles of APPs but also provide further insights into the association of these processes to neurodegeneration, which may lead to the development of novel therapies. In this mini-review, we summarize the roles of APPs–interactor complexes in neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, axonal guidance and synaptogenesis.
Intelligibility in Context Scale: Growth Curves for Typically Developing English-Speaking Children Between Ages 2;6 and 9;11
Authors: Soriano Jennifer U. , Mahr Tristan J. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to quantify the clinical utility of the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) English version by characterizing the growth patterns of the ICS composite scores and seven ICS individual item scores of typically developing American English–speaking children.

Method:

Parents of 545 typically developing children aged 2;6–9;11 (years;months) completed the ICS. Using a proportional odds model, we regressed ICS composite scores on age and computed for model-estimated mean and lower quantile ICS composite scores. Logistic regression and proportional odds modeling were utilized to quantify the relationship of individual ICS items and age.

Results:

ICS composite scores of typically developing children changed with age, but change was small and incremental, with scores compressed between 3 and 5 across the range of ages. An average child (i.e., on the 50th percentile) is expected to have an ICS composite score of 4 beginning at 3;0 and an ICS composite score of 5 by 6;6. On average, parents gave different intelligibility ratings based on communicative partners, and the rating differences between communicative partners decreased with age.

Conclusions:

Given that ICS scores increase with age, the expected score for average children also increases. A child's age is a main factor for interpreting ICS scores.
Neural and Behavioral Differences in Speech Perception for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Within an Audiovisual Context
Authors: Irwin Julia , Harwood Vanessa , Kleinman Daniel , Baron Alisa , Avery Trey , Turcios Jacqueline , Landi Nicole
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Reduced use of visible articulatory information on a speaker's face has been implicated as a possible contributor to language deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We employ an audiovisual (AV) phonemic restoration paradigm to measure behavioral performance (button press) and event-related potentials (ERPs) of visual speech perception in children with ASD and their neurotypical peers to assess potential neural substrates that contribute to group differences.

Method:

Two sets of speech stimuli, /ba/–“/a/” (“/a/” was created from the /ba/ token by a reducing the initial consonant) and /ba/–/pa/, were presented within an auditory oddball paradigm to children aged 6–13 years with ASD (
n
= 17) and typical development (TD;
n
= 33) within two conditions. The AV condition contained a fully visible speaking face; the pixelated (PX) condition included a face, but the mouth and jaw were PX, removing all articulatory information. When articulatory features were present for the /ba/–“/a/” contrast, it was expected that the influence of the visual articulators would facilitate a phonemic restoration effect in which “/a/” would be perceived as /ba/. ERPs were recorded during the experiment while children were required to press a button for the deviant sound for both sets of speech contrasts within both conditions.

Results:

Button press data revealed that TD children were more accurate in discriminating between /ba/–“/a/” and /ba/–/pa/ contrasts in the PX condition relative to the ASD group. ERPs in response to the /ba/–/pa/ contrast within both AV and PX conditions differed between children with ASD and TD children (earlier P300 responses for children with ASD).

Conclusion:

Children with ASD differ in the underlying neural mechanisms responsible for speech processing compared with TD peers within an AV context.
Exploring the Relationship Between Resilience and the Adverse Impact of Stuttering in Children
Authors: Walsh Bridget M. , Grobbel Hannah , Christ Sharon L. , Tichenor Seth E. , Gerwin Katelyn L.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

People who stutter often experience significant adverse impact related to stuttering. However, it is unclear how adverse impact develops in children who stutter (CWS) and whether there are protective factors that may mitigate its development. This study examined the relationship between resilience, a potentially protective factor, and stuttering's adverse impact in CWS. Resilience comprises external factors, such as family support and access to resources as well as personal attributes, making it a comprehensive protective factor to explore.

Method:

One hundred forty-eight CWS aged 5–18 years completed the age-appropriate version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Parents completed a caregiver version of the CYRM and a behavioral checklist for their child. The adverse impact of stuttering was modeled as a function of resilience (external, personal, and total), controlling for child age and behavioral checklist score. We also estimated correlations between child-report and parent-report CYRM measures to assess rater agreement.

Results:

Children reporting greater external, personal, or total resilience were more likely to experience lower degrees of adverse impact related to their stuttering. We documented stronger correlations between younger child and parent ratings of resilience and weaker correlations between older child and parent ratings.

Conclusions:

These results yield valuable insight into the variability of adverse impact experienced by CWS and offer empirical support for strength-based speech therapy approaches. We discuss the factors that contribute to a child's resilience and provide practical suggestions for how clinicians can incorporate resilience-building strategies into intervention for children experiencing significant adverse impact from their stuttering.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23582172
Comprehensive lumped parameter and multibody approach for the dynamic simulation of agricultural tractors with tyre–soil interaction
Authors: Martelli Massimo , Chiarabelli Damiano , Gessi Silvia , Marani Pietro , Mucchi Emiliano , Polastri Marco
Published: June 2023

Modern agricultural tractors are complex systems, in which multiple physical (and technological) domains interact to reach a wide set of competing goals, including work operational performance and energy efficiency. This complexity translates to the dynamic, multi‐domain simulation models implemented to serve as digital twins, for rapid prototyping and effective pre‐tuning, prior to bench and on‐field testing. Consequently, a suitable simulation framework should have the capability to focus both on the vehicle as a whole and on individual subsystems. For each of the latter, multiple options should be available, with different levels of detail, to properly address the relevant phenomena, depending on the specific focus, for an optimal balance between accuracy and computation time. The methodology proposed here by the authors is based on the lumped parameter approach and integrates the models for the following subsystems in a modular context: internal combustion engine, hydromechanical transmission, vehicle body, and tyre–soil interaction. The model is completed by a load cycle module that generates stimulus time histories to reproduce the work load under real operating conditions. Traction capability is affected by vertical load on the wheels, which is even more relevant if the vehicle is travelling on an uncompacted soil and subject to a variable drawbar pull force as it is when ploughing. The vertical load is, in turn, heavily affected by vehicle dynamics, which can be accurately modelled via a full multibody implementation. The presented lumped parameter model is intended as a powerful simulation tool to evaluate tractor performance, both in terms of fuel consumption and traction dynamics, by considering the cascade phenomena from the wheel–ground interaction to the engine, passing through the dynamics of vehicle bodies and their mass transfer. Its capabilities and numerical results are presented for the simulation of a realistic ploughing operation.
Image segmentation technology based on transformer in medical decision‐making system
Authors: He Keke , Gou Fangfang , Wu Jia
Published: June 2023

Due to the improvement in computing power and the development of computer technology, deep learning has pene‐trated into various fields of the medical industry. Segmenting lesion areas in medical scans can help clinicians make accurate diagnoses. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a dominant tool in computer vision tasks. They can accurately locate and classify lesion areas. However, due to their inherent inductive bias, CNNs may lack an understanding of long‐term dependencies in medical images, leading to less accurate grasping of details in the images. To address this problem, we explored a Transformer‐based solution and studied its feasibility in medical imaging tasks (OstT). First, we performed super‐resolution reconstruction on the original MRI image of osteosarcoma and improved the texture features of the tissue structure to reduce the error caused by the unclear tissue structure in the image during model training. Then, we propose a Transformer‐based method for medical image segmentation. A gated axial attention model is used, which augments existing architectures by introducing an additional control mechanism in the self‐attention module to improve segmentation accuracy. Experiments on real datasets show that our method outper‐forms existing models such as Unet. It can effectively assist doctors in imaging examinations.
Rain attenuation prediction model for terrestrial links incorporating wet antenna effects
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Zhenwei , Wu Zhensen , Lin Leke , Lu Changsheng , Sun Mingchen , Zhu Qinglin
Published: June 2023

Accurate prediction of rain attenuation is critical for the design of terrestrial line‐of‐sight link systems above 5 GHz, particularly for millimetre‐wave frequency. Anomalous behaviour in the adjustment factor in existing rain attenuation prediction models is significantly greater than 1 at short distances and has been reported. To solve this problem and improve the accuracy, a rain attenuation prediction model for terrestrial line‐of‐sight links is proposed. The total rain attenuation described in the model accounts for the contributions of wet antenna attenuation and path rain attenuation. In addition, a rainfall rate adjustment factor is proposed. The proposed model has a root‐mean‐square error of 21.54% in prediction, which is an improvement compared to other existing models. Because the rainfall rate adjustment factor used in the model approaches 1 at short distances, the model can be applied to rain attenuation prediction for short‐distance links. The results will assist designers to design link margins more accurately.
An extendable step‐up/down DC–DC converter based on switched capacitors
Authors: Pourali Fatemeh , Babaei Ebrahim , Alizadeh Darioush , Sabahi Mehran
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a new step‐up/down DC–DC converter based on switched capacitors (SCs) is proposed. This converter can provide highly variable voltage gain and merits like decreased voltage stress on power switches and capacitors. Besides, due to its modular configuration obtained by utilizing switched‐capacitor cells, it can generate high voltage gain in low‐duty cycles. In addition, the proposed converter has a continuous input current. The theoretical analysis of the proposed converter has been done, and its operating modes have been investigated. In addition, the proposed structure has been compared with some existing converters to highlight the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, to confirm the claims and theoretical results, a laboratory sample of the converter for 200 W has been implemented, with an efficiency of 91.34%.
Design and analysis of wireless power supply system for high‐voltage transmission lines across 500‐kV insulator distance
Authors: Tan Linlin , Wu Zhijun , Shen Shuyu , Xu Heqi , Huang Xueliang
Published: June 2023

The energy harvesting of ultra‐high voltage transmission lines and wireless power transmission technology are effective means to solve the stable energy supply of outdoor tower equipment. However, there are inevitably technical problems such as long transmission distance, weak coupling, and parameter sensitivity. In this paper, an effective design approach for a power demand‐oriented long‐distance wireless power transmission system is proposed. With the goal of transmitting power, a system equivalent parameter model is established to address the sensitivity of design parameters for the point‐to‐point long‐distance wireless power transmission system, and the main influencing factors that lead to system power transmission failure are analyzed. To effectively address the impact of high‐sensitivity parameters, a fast‐tuning method with redundant capacitance matrix compensation is proposed, which improves the deviation problem in system parameter design, improves the efficiency of offset parameter matching, and analyzes the impact of wireless energy transmission systems on high‐voltage insulator strings. Finally, an experimental platform was constructed to achieve power transmission at a distance of not less than 5 m at a resonant frequency of 50 kHz. The transmission efficiency met the design expectations and verified the effectiveness of the analysis.
Le bien-vieillir en France et dans les pays de l’OCDE
Authors: Sicsic Jonathan , Ronchetti Jérôme , Rapp Thomas
Published: June 2023

Dans cette synthèse, nous relatons les résultats d’une étude utilisant une nouvelle mesure individuelle du bien-vieillir. À partir d’un échantillon de plus de 39 000 individus, nous avons comparé les résultats de la France avec ceux observés dans 11 autres pays européens et aux États-Unis. Le bien-vieillir a été estimé en comparant l’âge calendaire des populations et leur âge physiologique, qui correspond à une mesure de l’âge ajustée des effets liés à la présence de comorbidités et à la santé fonctionnelle. Sur notre échelle de bien-vieillir, la France se situe dans le milieu bas du classement des pays. Elle est devancée par les pays nordiques (Danemark, Suède, Pays-Bas), la Suisse et la Grèce. Le capital économique a un fort impact sur l’âge physiologique estimé et sur les trajectoires de bien-vieillir. Les inégalités socio-économiques sont particulièrement marquées en France, comme en Italie et aux États-Unis.
Reversible Multifokalität durch Polypseudophakie
Authors: Baur Isabella Diana , Labuz Grzegorz , Yildirim Timur Mert , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: June 2023

Die kombinierte Implantation einer monofokalen oder monofokal-torischen Intraokularlinse (IOL) in den Kapselsack und einer multifokalen IOL in den Sulcus ciliaris (sog. Duett-Verfahren)
erlaubt es, eine Multifokalität zu erzeugen, die einfacher reversibel ist als die Implantation einer kapselsackfixierten multifokalen IOL. Die optische Qualität und Ergebnisse mit dem
Duett-Verfahren sind äquivalent zu denen einer kapselsackfixierten multifokalen Optik. Patienten, bei denen eine Unverträglichkeit der Nebenwirkungen multifokaler Optiken auftritt, oder die
im Laufe ihres Lebens eine okuläre Erkrankung mit Funktionsverlust, wie z. B. eine altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) oder ein Glaukom entwickeln, können von der einfacheren
Reversibilität des Verfahrens profitieren.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Eyes with an Artificial Iris
Authors: Keye Philip , Reinhard Thomas , Maier Philip Christian
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to report the outcome of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in three eyes with a complex anterior segment and an artificial iris. A retrospective chart review of three cases was performed and clinically meaningful patient characteristics, clinical events, and therapeutic interventions were outlined. A literature search was performed and the clinical course of the three cases was discussed in the context of the published literature. DMEK in the presence of an artificial iris did not match the clinical results of DMEK in uncomplicated eyes. All three eyes experienced major complications, such as failure to achieve graft adherence, early graft failure, or an immune reaction. The indication for DMEK in complex anterior segments with an artificial iris should be made with the awareness of multiple possible complications and the potentially poor prognosis of the procedure.
Immune-Related Genes can Serve as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting
Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhao Weijuan
Published: June 2023

We aimed to investigate immune-related candidate genes for predicting the
severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). RNA sequencing profile GSE194331 was
downloaded, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated.
Meanwhile, the infiltration of immune cells in AP were assessed using CIBERSORT.
Genes related with the infiltration of immune cells were investigated using
weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Furthermore, immune
subtypes, micro-environment, and DEGs between immune subtypes were explored.
Immune-related genes, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and functional
enrichment analysis were further performed. Overall, 2533 DEGs between AP and
healthy controls were obtained. After trend cluster analysis, 411 upregulated
and 604 downregulated genes were identified. Genes involved in two modules were
significantly positively related to neutrophils and negatively associated with T
cells CD4 memory resting, with correlation coefficient more than 0.7. Then, 39
common immune-related genes were obtained, and 56 GO BP were enriched these
genes, including inflammatory response, immune response, and innate immune
response; 10 KEGG pathways were enriched, including cytokine-cytokine receptor
interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and IL-17 signaling pathway.
Genes, including S100A12, MMP9, IL18, S100A8, HCK, S100A9, RETN, OSM, FGR, CAMP,
were selected as genes with top 10 degree in PPI, and the expression levels of
these genes increased gradually in subjects of healthy, mild, moderately severe,
and severe AP. Our findings indicate a central role of immune-related genes in
predicting the severity of AP, and the hub genes involved in PPI represent
logical candidates for further study.
A novel tool for case selection in endoscopic mucosal resection training
Authors: O’Sullivan Timothy , Sidhu Mayenaaz , Gupta Sunil , Byth Karen , Elhindi James , Tate David , Cronin Oliver , Whitfield Anthony , Wang Hunter , Lee Eric , Williams Stephen , Burgess Nicholas G. , Bourke Michael J.
Published: June 2023

Background As endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large (≥ 20 mm) adenomatous nonpedunculated colonic polyps (LNPCPs) becomes widely practiced outside expert centers, appropriate training is necessary to avoid failed resection and inappropriate surgical referral. No EMR-specific tool guides case selection for endoscopists learning EMR. This study aimed to develop an EMR case selection score (EMR-CSS) to identify potentially challenging lesions for “EMR-naïve” endoscopists developing competency.

Methods Consecutive EMRs were recruited from a single center over 130 months. Lesion characteristics, intraprocedural data, and adverse events were recorded. Challenging lesions with intraprocedural bleeding (IPB), intraprocedural perforation (IPP), or unsuccessful resection were identified and predictive variables identified. Significant variables were used to form a numerical score and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to generate cutoff values.

Results Of 1993 LNPCPs, 286 (14.4 %) were in challenging locations (anorectal junction, ileocecal valve, or appendiceal orifice), 368 (18.5 %) procedures were complicated by IPB and 77 (3.9 %) by IPP; 110 (5.5 %) procedures were unsuccessful. The composite end point of IPB, IPP, or unsuccessful EMR was present in 526 cases (26.4 %). Lesion size, challenging location, and sessile morphology were predictive of the composite outcome. A six-point score was generated with a cutoff value of 2 demonstrating 81 % sensitivity across the training and validation cohorts.

Conclusions The EMR-CSS is a novel case selection tool for conventional EMR training, which identifies a subset of adenomatous LNPCPs that can be successfully and safely attempted in early EMR training.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Childhood Herpes Zoster—A Case Series
Authors: Parveen Suraia , Ahmed Zeeshan , Das Subhrasankha
Published: June 2023

Background Herpes zoster (HZ) is a relatively rare infectious disease in the paediatric population as compared to adults, occurring due to the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus that persists in the posterior root ganglion. HZ can develop any time after the primary infection and is characterised by grouped vesicular rashes limited to single dermatome. Diagnosis is based on a distinct clinical appearance of HZ. Its clinical course is variable, and it requires prompt medical treatment to prevent the complications. In conventional method, antiviral and other treatment modalities are available; however, these are fraught with potentially severe side effects and is expensive that demands an alternative method of treatment.

Methods A case series of three children with HZ treated with individualised homeopathy is presented here. The cases are reported according to HOM-CASE guidelines and followed up with photographic documentation. The Modiﬁed Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) inventory was used as a tool for assessing the causal relationship between homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome.

Results All cases of HZ were successfully cured with individualised homoeopathy within 10 days without any complication. Individual curative response of the homoeopathic medicine in each case was assessed through MONARCH which demonstrated a positive causal attribution of homeopathy.

Conclusion Successful results of this case series suggest a positive response of individualised homeopathic medicines in the treatment of childhood HZ. The remissions of the HZ lesion presented in this case series may be attributed to homeopathic medicines in each case. Hence, this case series could serve as a basis for further research into the role of individualised homeopathic medicine in the treatment of childhood herpes zoster.
Jazdów: an island of real-and-imagined sustainability
Authors: Filip Artur Jerzy
Published: June 2023

Technocracy, as a consensus-oriented mode of post-political urban governance, is a major obstacle to the search for progressive forms of urban life, including innovations in design for sustainable development. However, what is impossible through design activities fixated on material form of things in space becomes possible through what Edward Soja called Thirdspace. This paper presents the case of Jazdów—a small urban enclave in Warsaw, Poland—which has become a site of these types of unimaginable transformations and an experiment in progressive sustainable development. What began as a battle to save a few dozen tiny, wooden houses have turned into a long-term campaign for experimental urban ecologies, radical democracies, and alternative economies. Building mainly upon in-depth interviews with radical practitioners involved in transforming Jazdów, this study analyzes these particular sustainability achievements (across all the E’s of sustainable development: environment, equity, and economy) that had been considered impossible, and yet happened through Jazdów. Finally, through a discussion on the uniqueness of today’s Jazdów across the ontological trialectics of Thirdspace, this paper argues for the need to not only accept, but also affirm and nurture its characteristics of disorder (aspect of spatiality), uncertainty (aspect of historicality), and contention (aspect of sociality).