bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Muscat’s Expansive Soil Using Waste Gypsum
Authors: ALAlawi Hilal Salim , Ganiyu Abideen , Chowdhury Morsaleen , Badr Atef
Published: March 2023

Expansive soils are known to show significant volumetric changes in response to changes in the moisture content. Such soils swell when the moisture content is increased and shrink when the moisture content is decreased, thereby causing distress and damages to structures founded on them. Construction developments on naturally occurring expansive soils are usually problematic. This study examines the properties of expansive soil obtained from the city of Muscat in Oman. The expansive soil samples were further treated with gypsum, which was obtained from waste plasterboards, at varying quantities of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% by mass in an attempt to stabilize the soil. Based on USCS classification system, the expansive soil was identified a poorly clay with high plasticity (CH) with AASHTO classification of A-6. The pH test confirms the reaction between expansive and gypsum, while both the compaction and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests revealed the optimum percentage of gypsum required to enhance the properties of expansive soil to be 9% by mass. The unconfined compression strength (UCS) test yielded a 37.7% increase over that of untreated expansive soil at 28 days of curing. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test of the treated soil yielded a 57% increase in CBR value for expansive soil treated with 9% of waste gypsum over untreated expansive at the unsoaked state and 70% at soaked state. Overall, a solid understanding of the physical and engineering properties of expansive soil, and the confirmation of the potential use of gypsum for its stabilization, was achieved in this study.
Investigation of the Gradient Properties of Samples Obtained by Direct Laser Deposition from a Mixture of Ni/Ti Elemental Powders
Authors: Igoshin Sergei D. , Masaylo Dmitriy V. , Orlov Alexey V.
Published: March 2023

The research of deposition of a nitinol sample in an equiatomic ratio from a powder mixture of nickel and titanium 55Ni-45Ti (in wt.%) is aimed at studying the heterogenicity of the chemical composition in the cross-section of a thin-walled and multilayer (bulk) cylindrical sample. The main task of the study was to determine the presence or absence of the chemical composition deviation from layer to layer, and mechanical properties. Analysis on an optical microscope, EDS analysis, and microhardness measurement, a thin-walled sample was studied. A chemical gradient was detected in the sample from the base along with its entire height. An increase in the content of the Ti element and a decrease of the Ni element was detected with an increase in the number of layers and the height of the sample, and a change in the microstructure and hardness were found. The increase in hardness from the base to the top point of the sample reaches 50%. X-ray phase analysis (XRD) showed the presence of NiTi phases in the martensitic and austenitic state, the side phases of NiTi2 in a thin-walled sample, and the presence of the Ni4Ti3 phase and the TiO2 oxide phase in a cylindrical bulk sample. The chemical composition of the cylindrical bulk sample agrees with the chemical composition of the mixture loaded into the powder feeder 55:45 Ni and Ti in wt. %. To indirectly determine the shape memory effect of the final alloy, mechanical tests were carried out for compression of cylindrical samples with subsequent heating, which confirmed the presence of the shape memory effect with a degree of reversible deformation of about 40%.
Influence of Crystallization Conditions on the As-Cast Structure of Fe-Mn-Si Alloy with a Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Nechaev Daniil , Zhitenev Andrey , Zhukov Nikita V. , Zhitelev Pavel
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, smart materials with special functional properties, in particular shape memory alloys, are widely used in more and more units of various equipment. Fe-based alloys of the Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-X system, due to their relatively low cost and sufficiently high manufacturability, can be widely used in various fields. It is shown that in the studied alloys, alloying elements can be divided into system-forming (10–30 wt.% Mn and 3–10 wt.% Si), and additional (Cr, Ni, V, N, Cu, etc.) elements, which add to improve the shape memory effect. It is shown that the one problem of Fe-SMAs is the evaporation of manganese in the melting. Criteria for the selection of alloys considering the temperature regime of melting with minimal evaporation of manganese and satisfactory overheating above the liquidus temperature have been developed. The Fe-35Mn-8Si alloy were produced at laboratory scale. The effect of the cooling rate during solidification on the structural heterogeneity of the test ingots poured into a cast iron chill mold and into a sand mold is studied. Using pin molds, in which conditions are created that inhibit the shrinkage of the solidifying ingot and provoke cracking, their resistance to hot cracks has been studied. The secondary dendrite arm spacings and the segregation coefficients of manganese and silicon were determined depending on the crystallization conditions. Critical parameters of the technology have been determined, the optimization of which makes it possible to produce Fe-SMAs at industrial scale.
Analysis of Tribodegradation Factors Limiting the Life of the Molds
Authors: Brezinová Janette , Džupon Miroslav , Viňáš Ján , Brezina Jakub , Hašuľ Ján
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the results of research focused on the analysis of mold wear for high-pressure casting of aluminum alloys. The functional parts of the molds were taken out of operation. Molded parts for aluminum alloy casting molds and cores are made of tool chrome and chromium-molybdenum steels. In the die-casting process, the mold parts and cores are exposed to intense thermal, mechanical, and chemical loads. High melt flow rates of aluminum alloys (up to 120 m.s-1), high pressures (up to 120 MPa) and high maximum surface temperatures of mold parts (up to 550 °C) lead to erosion, abrasion, corrosion, and thermal fatigue of molds. The thermal load of the foundry cores is even higher (up to 600 °C) because they are not connected to the mold cooling system. Thermal cyclic loading from 80 °C to 550 °C leads to high tensile stresses on the surface of the molded parts / cores and consequently to the formation and propagation of thermal cracks. Frequent contact of the surface of the mold part with the melt causes the formation of growths (die soldering) due to corrosion caused by molten metals and consequently shortens the life of the mold parts and cores. Light and electron microscopy was used for mold analysis. Every degrading change in the shape of molds and cores will also affect the quality and dimensions of the castings.
Properties of Sustainable Concrete Containing Recycled Fine Aggregate as Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Ruslan Hanis Nadiah , Tanash Alaa Omar , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Yang Low Wee , Ismail Mohamed A.
Published: March 2023

River sand, one of the ingredients for concrete when harvested uncontrollably from the river would cause destruction to the river environment. At the same time, the increasing concrete waste disposed at dumpsite after generated from construction and demolition activity causes environmental pollution. The approach of recycling concrete waste for use as a mixing component in concrete production would lessen the heavy reliance on natural sand supplies and lower the amount of concrete waste disposed. The current study investigates the effect of recycled fine aggregate obtained from concrete waste as sand replacement on concrete's workability, compressive strength, and water absorption. Five mixtures were made using varying amounts of recycled fine aggregate (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of sand). All specimens were subjected to water curing. Three types test were conducted namely slump test, compressive strength test and water absorption test. Findings show that the integration of recycled fine aggregate up to 20% produces concrete with the targeted strength of 40MPa. Furthermore, the water absorption of the mixes is less than 3%, allowing it to be classified as good quality. Success in blending recycled fine aggregate in concrete production would contribute to saving river sand consumption and lesser concrete waste for a cleaner environment.
Optimization of Multilayer Antireflection Coatings for Visible and Infrared Regions
Authors: Abbas Sabah , Anber Ahmed Abed , Al-Azawy Ali A.
Published: March 2023

Multilayer antireflection coatings have been modeled in visible and infrared regions (1-5 μm) bands to increase the transmittance of glass and silicon substrates. The transmittance was studied using different semiconductor materials with different thickness ( single, double and three) layers to determine the best design that depends on the manufacture of antireflection coatings at low costs and few layers of coatings to reduce the stress generated by the increased number of layers. MgF2 and TiO2 materials are used in the visible region (300-1000 nm) at the central wavelength (500 nm). The transmittance of MgF2 single–layer with a quarter waves optical thickness is reached (98.61%) and the transmittance value is (98.74%) for arrangement (. The transmittance of the infrared spectrum for antireflection coating materials depends on the thickness and temperature of these materials because of scattering and absorption in such materials. LaF3, ZrO2, ZnSe, and CdTe materials are used in the infrared region at a design wavelength (3000 nm). The maximum value of transmittance is around (99.99%) for the best design that consisting of three layers with quarter wavelength thickness. Keywords: Antireflection Coatings, Multilayers, Semiconductor, Transmittance
Sand Cement Brick Incorporating Palm Oil Clinker as Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate
Authors: Ghazali Norhaiza , Muthusamy Khairunisa , Md Jaafar Mohd Faizal , Shahid Khairul Anuar , Zailan Roziah , Jafri Muhamad Zul Afkar Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Palm oil industry produces a significant quantity of waste such as palm oil clinker (POC) that can be utilized as fine or coarse aggregates. The POC will cause environmental issues due to improper landfilling at the palm oil mills. The primary goal of this study is to utilise the POC in building materials such as brick. Therefore, with the utilization of POC sand in brick production would assist to minimize the environmental issues around the palm oil mills. Four brick compositions were created using several percentages of POC sand ranging from 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% by volume of sand. All specimens were undergoing water curing process for 7 days and 28 days. The specimens were subjected to compressive strength test, flexural strength test and water absorption test. The utilization of 50% POC sand improves the compressive strength and flexural strength of the brick. The utilization of POC sand in brick leads to the creation of sustainable materials and the preservation of natural sand.
Dynamic Fracture Characteristics of High-Strength Steel
Authors: Kianicova Marta , Dlouhý Ivo , Šandera Pavel , Horníková Jana , Pokluda Jaroslav
Published: March 2023

The absorbed impact energy KV and the dynamic fracture toughness KId of the low-alloyed steel OCHN3MFA were measured in the respective temperature ranges 〈–40, 90〉 and 〈–60, –20〉 °C. The values of impact energy in the range of 〈14.1, 21.3〉 J were obtained using Charpy V-notch samples after subtracting parasitic energies (friction in bearings, etc.). All these values corresponded to an extended transition region since the temperature –40 °C was still higher than the lower shelf impact-energy (shear lips present) and the temperature 90 °C was lower than the upper shelf (only 20 % of ductile morphology). Dynamic fracture toughness was determined using Charpy V‑notch samples with fatigue pre-cracks. The related KId-values were obtained in the range 〈55.8, 77.5〉 MPa.m1/2. They were found to be valid linear-elastic fracture toughness and were somewhat higher than the previously reported static KIc-values. The study revealed that OCHN3MFA steel has sufficient resistance to dynamic fracture, particularly at low temperatures.
Cytotoxic T Cells Targeting Spike Glycoprotein Are Associated with Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Phan Jolie M , Layton Erik D , Yu Krystle K Q , Aguilar Melissa S , Golez Inah , Franko Nicholas M , Logue Jennifer K , Rodda Lauren B , Howard Christian A , Pepper Marion , Gale Michael , Chu Helen Y , Seshadri Chetan
Published: March 2023

mRNA vaccination of individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides superior protection against breakthrough infections with variants of concern compared with vaccination in the absence of prior infection. However, the immune mechanisms by which this hybrid immunity is generated and maintained are unknown. Whereas genetic variation in spike glycoprotein effectively subverts neutralizing Abs, spike-specific T cells are generally maintained against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Thus, we comprehensively profiled human T cell responses against the S1 and S2 domains of spike glycoprotein in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2–naive (n = 13) or –convalescent (n = 17) individuals who received two-dose mRNA vaccine series and were matched by age, sex, and vaccine type. Using flow cytometry, we observed that the overall functional breadth of CD4 T cells and polyfunctional Th1 responses was similar between the two groups. However, polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cell responses against both S1 and S2 domains trended higher among convalescent subjects. Multimodal single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse functional programs in spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in both groups. However, convalescent individuals displayed enhanced cytotoxic and antiviral CD8 T cell responses to both S1 and S2 in the absence of cytokine production. Taken together, our data suggest that cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting spike glycoprotein may partially account for hybrid immunity and protection against breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2.
Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 IgG Antibody among pregnant women in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike , Benjamin Amarachi Faith , Cookey Tochi Ifeoma , Okonko Blessing Jachinma , Innocent-Adiele Hope
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims: Herpes Simplex Type 2 Viruses (HSV- 2) are one of the most common viral sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, which are now a significant health concern. The most significant incidence of HSV infections occurs in women of reproductive age. Thus, the study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of HSV-2 IgG in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and identify the demographic profile associated with the prevalence. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was adopted to randomly analyze 90 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess HSV-2 IgG antibodies in the samples obtained. Results: Of the 90 subjects, 51.1% were HSV-2 seropositive, while 48.9% were seronegative for HSV-2 IgG antibody. No statistical association existed between the prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibodies and the sociodemographic factors studied (p>0.05). Higher prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibody mostly occurred in age 20-29 (54.2%), married (51.7%), no formal education (100.0%), unemployed and artisans (75.0%), Christians (53.1%), monogamous family type (52.0%), first trimester (62.5%), nulliparous (67.6%), abortion history (66.7%), history of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) (83.3%) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive (100.0%). Conclusions: This study has confirmed that the prevalence of HSV-2 IgG antibodies among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria is very high. The results indicate a considerable risk of primary or recurrent HSV infection during pregnancy, as shown by the prevalence rates. Identifying those at the highest risk is an appropriate initial step before the design of intervention strategies. Consequently, intervention strategies will be harnessed and implemented to reduce the risk of transmission to the fetus or newborn.
Yogic practices for dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sairem Bandana , Jain Khushbu
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes ranks third and tenth among both men and women, respectively, in terms of probable causes of life loss. It has been linked to a variety of cardiovascular problems, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, neuropathy, and more. Diabetic dyslipidemia is one of the main factors that contribute to coronary artery disease fatalities. The use of pharmaceuticals to treat these conditions has a number of negative consequences. People are looking for alternatives to traditional treatments that have no or few adverse effects. Yoga is a comprehensive wellness technique that emphasizes both the body and the mind. Yoga has been shown in multiple clinical studies to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes and associated complications, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The review's goal is to synthesize all relevant research findings.

METHODS:

Data were gathered through a stepwise search method that used keywords to search the online PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library databases.

RESULTS:

After examining the databases for 76 potentially relevant papers, six randomized-controlled trials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen. The number of participants ranged from 20 to 231, with Yoga sessions lasting from 10 days to 24 weeks. Studies have revealed a good lipid profile as well as other diabetes-related markers such as fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose after Yogic interventions most of which includes Surya Namaskara, Asana such as Pawanmuktasana, Bhujangasana, Ardha matsyendrasana, Pranayama, and Meditation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Yogic practices such as Surya namaskara, Pawanmuktasana, Bhujangasana, and Ardha matsyendrasana along with the practices of pranayama and meditation appears to have a favorable effect on lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes.
Clinical management of large perforating internal root resorption with collagen and mineral trioxide aggregate: Two case reports
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Shetty Rajatha V. , Mathew Sylvia , Nagaraja Shruthi
Published: March 2023

Endodontic management of internal root resorption is challenging due to difficulty in debridement of the entire canal contents, disinfection, and control of the resorptive process. Often, there is no barrier to stop the repair material from being pushed into the periradicular tissues. In these case reports, we discuss the clinical management of internal root resorption, use of two forms of collagen used as a barrier material with mineral trioxide aggregate. – One-year follow-up of these cases reveals complete healing.
The management of separated endodontic instruments using a customized syringe and loop technique: A case series
Authors: Penukonda Raghavendra , Amlani Harsh , Pattar Harshada , Lin Galvin Sim Siang
Published: March 2023

The separation of the nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files is seen occasionally due to improper use and lack of technique, which results in improper cleaning and shaping of the root canals, compromising the treatment outcome. Various techniques have been introduced to either bypass or retrieve the separated instrument. The present case series highlighted a low-cost and straightforward alternative to retrieve the separated NiTi rotary instruments using a customized syringe and loop technique with the assistance of a dental operating microscope. Three cases of fractured instruments in different root canals were addressed, with the customized syringe and loop technique being used to retrieve the instruments successfully. This supports the use of a convenient, reliable, and cost-effective approach to managing fractured endodontic instruments without costly equipment or specific retrieval kits.
Salivary Biomarkers (Vitamin D, Calcium, and Estrogen Hormone) in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: AL-Amiry Ameera Y. , Najem Areej A.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that weakens bones by lowering mineral density and causing micro-architectural degradation of bony tissue.

Aim:

This study was conducted to examine the use of vitamin D, calcium, and estrogen levels in saliva as biomarkers for early detection of osteoporosis.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety postmenopausal women were divided into three groups based on T-scores from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The groups consist of 30 women with osteoporosis, 30 women with osteopenia, and 30 women serving as controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to look for vitamin D and estrogen in the saliva by specific vitamin D3 and estradiol kits. Calcium concentrations were measured by a colorimetric method.

Results:

The level of salivary biomarkers (vitamin D, calcium, and estrogen) showed a clear distinction between the groups analyzed. Salivary estrogen and vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with osteoporosis compared to those with osteopenia and controls. The highest concentration of calcium was found in the osteoporosis group’s saliva compared to the other groups.

Conclusion:

The results highlight the significance of vitamin D, calcium, and estrogen in saliva as a simple, noninvasive biomarker in diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Bridging the Cultural Challenges: The Formation of Transnational Social and Cultural Opportunities by African Students in Turkey
Authors: Farah Abdulkadir Osman , Barack Calvince Omondi
Published: March 2023

In Turkey, the number of African university students has been on the rise since 2011, especially those on Turkish scholarships. This development is part of  Turkey’s soft-power expansion to Africa and is also due to African students being able to access university education in the North. Using ethnographic  qualitative research and focus group methods, involving interviews and discussions with 45 African students at university in Turkey, this study found that  African students in Turkey confront multiple challenges with regard to linguistic and cultural adaptation into Turkish society. Despite these obstacles,  African students draw upon their agency innovatively in promoting their educational interests and rely on their abilities to break the sociocultural  barriers. Based on these findings, this research provides insight into how African university students in Turkey mobilise formal and informal resources  transnationally to creatively develop transnational sociocultural platforms that are beneficial to their immediate educational goals and to their  subsequent pursuit of opportunities and a career within an increasingly complex transnational world.
Advancing South Africa’s District-Centred Model of Economic Development
Authors: Bodley David , Lloyd Hendrik , Zeelie Jo
Published: March 2023

There is a history of small enterprise failure in South Africa, which is concerning, given the country’s high unemployment levels. The complex skills  required to succeed as a small business operator can, however, be attained through deliberate practice techniques. In this paper, the literature is used to  contextualise rural enterprise development in South Africa. Furthermore, the study utilises primary data to investigate support for aspirant  entrepreneurs in rural KwaZulu-Natal using qualitative research methodologies. The findings reinforced certain facts within the body of knowledge as it  relates to rural enterprise development. However, there are also some interesting new insights that this paper presents. These insights are highlighted,  and recommendations are proposed in the context of the government’s districtcentred model of economic development.
Assessment of popular knowledge and uses of Vigna subterranea (L.) for prebreeding programs in Douala (Cameroon)
Authors: Ndiang Zenabou , Ottou Patrice Brice Mvogo , Likeng-Li-Ngue Bénoit-Constant , Ngalle Hermine Bille , Fils Pascal Eric Billong , Tchabong Gaëtan Romaric Ngapmeu , Dabandata Célestin , Bell Joseph Martin
Published: March 2023

The main goal of this study is to assess the endogenous knowledge on the diversity of V. subterranea (L.) and its different habits using an ethnobotanical  survey in five (05) districts of Douala in the Littoral region of Cameroon. To achieve this objective, the survey was realised on among 170 households from  18 neighbourhoods and 118 traders working in 12 markets from Douala I, II, III, IV and V. Subsequently, the survey revealed that surveyed originated  from nine (09) ethnic groups belonging to the Littoral, West, Centre and North Cameroon Regions, forming a representative sample for the country. The  study reveals a variety of local nomenclature from one ethnic group to another, such as “Matobo”, “Matobi” and “Matopi” having dominantly the same  radical “Matob” in the coastal area and suggesting the same source of languages. The seed colour (77.08%) appear as the main popular criterion for the  recognition of morphotypes (multicolored ~77.66%, white ~14.77%, red ~3.38%, brown ~3.38% and black ~1.27%). The consumption of seeds (fresh or  cooked) is ubiquitous but can induce few undesirable effects such as diarrhoea, constipation and allergies. The survey equally reveals therapeutic effects  (29.6%) of organs on digestive disorders, cataracts, and infected wounds. These results permit to identify the rich secular knowledge, culinary habits and  medicinal virtues linked to morphotypes usable for prebreeding programs of V. subterranea.
Kiswahili language deficiencies in print media: Interrogating the policies, guidelines and practices of selected Kiswahili newspapers in Tanzania
Authors: Gidion Kamfipo
Published: March 2023

Over the decades now, Kiswahili newspapers have attracted criticism from stakeholders primarily because of writing the language poorly or incorrectly (Massamba, 2004; Serengeti Advisers, 2012; Tanzania Media Fund, 2013; Gidion, 2016). Most of these complaints originate from exploratory or explanatory studies as well as from individual experience after reading Kiswahili newspapers. This paper, therefore, sought to explore systematically the situation and come up with empirical evidence that can explain why Kiswahili newspapers are alleged to write the language poorly. Using a case study design, the researcher studied three giant serious private media houses, which were purposively selected—one newspaper from each media house—to generate crucial data from their editors, proof-readers, and reporters. Using in-depth interviews with these paradoxically not a criterion for employing reporters and editors for these Kiswahili newspapers. The main criterion for their employment is training in Journalism or Mass Communication. Moreover, media houses lack personnel development plans and on-the-job language training policies and programmes. Furthermore, there is an uneven distribution of linguistic capital in the newsrooms.
Itikadi za kisiasa katika fasihi ya watoto ya Kiswahili
Authors: Nyaga Faith M.
Published: March 2023

Hadithi katika vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto mara nyingi huwa fupi na vitabu hivyo huwa vidogo mno. Hali hii imechangia waandishi wengi kujiaminisha kwamba watoto wana akili ndogo na hivyo basi ni rahisi mno kuwaandikia vitabu (Fox, 1993). Fox anadai kwamba watoto huwa na uwezo mkubwa wa akili na hali hiyo huchangia katika ugumu wa kuwatungia hadithi. Anasema kwamba ni vigumu zaidi kutunga fasihi ya watoto kuliko fasihi inayolenga hadhira ya watu wazima. Lengo la makala hii ni kuonesha kwamba, humohumo katika usahili unaonuiwa kumnufaisha msomaji mtoto mna uchangamano katika kazi za fasihi ya Kiswahili ya watoto zinaposomwa kwa jicho kali la kiuhakiki kwa misingi ya kinadharia. Makala inakusudia kupambanua namna itikadi za kisiasa zinavyobainika katika fasihi ya watoto kwa kuchambua maudhui katika tungo hizo. Tungo zinazohakikiwa ni: Usininyonye (Komora, 1971), Mkasa wa Shujaa Liyongo (Matundura, 2001), Karamu Mbinguni (Kimunyi, 2002), Zimwi la Leo! (Wamitila, 2002) na Sungura Mpanda Ngazi (Kobia, 2008). Usampulishaji wa kimakusudi umetumika kuteua kazi hizi. Usomaji wa matini umeegemezwa katika Nadharia ya Umaksi. Je, tunaweza kupata fasiri tofauti inayohusiana na siasa mbali na ile wanayopata watoto wanapozisoma tungo hizi bila kutumia nadharia? Majibu ya swali hili yanapatikana katika makala hii.
Naming of plants in Nyamwezi and Sukuma societies of Tanzania
Authors: Lusekelo Amani , Amir Halima Mvungi
Published: March 2023

Since research has shown that the classification of plants into noun classes varies from one Bantu language to another (Legère, 2020), the present article contributes to the formation of the canonical noun classes for plants in the Nyamwezi and Sukuma languages in Tanzania. The data was gathered in Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu and Tabora regions mainly through elicitation, revealed that the language has developed a lexicon of plant names based on four word formation strategies: (i) assignment of plant names to canonical tree noun classes 3/5 and 5/6, event for reduplicated, compounded and borrowed nouns; (ii) compounding of verbs and nouns to derive plant names; (iii) reduplication of verbs and nouns to derive plant names, and (iv) lexical borrowing from Swahili and English. The abundance of nouns in classes 5/6 suggests innovation in that classes 3/4 are being replaced by classes 5/6. Also, the paper shows that under the compounding, reduplication and phrasal mechanisms of nouns formation, many plant names express: (a) the structure and physiology of the plants, e.g. scent, softness or hardness; (b) physical environment where plants flourish, e.g. on mountain tops; (c) the berries and tubers produced by the plants; (d) the (gender) sex of the plants, and (e) the scent/smell produced by the plants. Based on the findings, it becomes plausible to establish that the Nyamwezi and Sukuma people employ both linguistic resources and physical and natural environment in assigning names to plants. This is a testimony that plants have formed a central part in the ethno-cultural practises of this community.
Dosari za kisarufi za wanafunzi wanaojifunza Kiswahili sanifu katika vyuo vikuu nchini Burundi
Authors: Butoyi Dieudonné , Elisifa Zelda
Published: March 2023

Utafiti huu ulichunguza aina za dosari za kisarufi zinazofanywa na wanafunzi wanaojifunza Kiswahili sanifu kama lugha ya pili katika baadhi ya vyuo vikuu nchini Burundi. Data zilikusanywa kutoka kwa wanafunzi wanaosoma mwaka wa pili na wa tatu katika vyuo vikuu husika. Usampulishaji nasibu ulitumika kupata sampuli ya washiriki 80. Data zilikusanywa kwa njia za hojaji na upitiaji nyaraka. Matokeo yalionesha kuwa wanafunzi hufanya dosari mbalimbali za kisarufi katika makundi makubwa manne ya kisarufi ambayo ni: ya kifonolojia, kimofolojia, kisintaksia na kisemantiki. Dosari hizi zinazotokana na athari za lugha za awali katika Kiswahili sanifu zilidhihirisha hali ya wanafunzi kutoweza kubainisha tofauti kati ya mifumo ya kisarufi ya lugha hizo za awali na ule wa Kiswahili sanifu.
Misingi ya matumizi ya wakaa katika usimulizi wa riwaya za Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka Nagona na Mzingile
Authors: Ponera Athumani S. , Kinga Jasmine
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inajadili kuhusu wakaa kama kipengele cha kibunilizi katika utunzi wa kazi za fasihi. Shabaha kuu ni kufafanua misingi iliyomwongoza mwandishi kutumia wakaa kwa jinsi inavyodhihirika katika kazi teule. Nadharia ya Umuundo imetumika kama kiunzi cha kukusanyia data pamoja na kuendeshea mjadala wa makala. Data za makala hii zilipatikana kwa kutumia njia ya udurusu wa nyaraka. Matokeo ya uchunguzi yanaonesha kuwa, ujenzi wa wakaa katika kazi teule umeegemea katika misingi ya kiutamaduni, kipokezi na kitajiriba.
Organizational citizenship behavior and employee performance during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hung Bui Quang , Thang Tran Kiem Viet , Anh Trinh Thuy
Published: March 2023

The study aims to identify factors influencing the organizational citizenship behavior of office employees and how those factors impact their performance during theQualitativequalitative research was conducted with twelve experts to evaluate and improve the scale. Quantitative research with the participation of 249 employees from service enterprises was carried out to measure and examine the above-mentioned correlation. The research findings indicate that job satisfaction, organizational justice, and organizational support during the pandemic have a positive impact on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior, and this behavior also positively affects their performance. Managerial implications, limitations and recommendation for future research have been also discussed in this paper.
Artificial intelligence adoption in supply chain risk management: Scale development and validation
Authors: Kanti Paul Souma , Sadia Riaz , Suchismita Das
Published: March 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can play an important role in the post-Covid-19 world to proactively enable the identification, assessment, and mitigation of supply chain risks as well as provide managerial insights for responding to those risks. There has been a growing interest among supply chain executives to adopt AI for Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM). The purpose of this paper is to develop an instrument to assess and measure the factors influencing the adoption of AI in SCRM. The development of the instrument has been done in stages covering factor identification, item generation, pre-testing, pilot testing, and scale validation. Data has been collected through a survey of supply chain executives, risk professionals, and AI consultants across manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, and services industries in India. The questionnaire has been pre-tested based on interviews with nine industry experts and two academicians. The scale has been assessed for reliability and validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The scale generated consists of eight factors that are modeled as latent variables covering a total of twenty-eight items. The systematic approach followed resulted in a scale fulfilling a need for the creation of an empirically validated instrument for AI adoption studies in the field of SCRM. This instrument can be used by supply chain executives and researchers to examine and measure factors that influence the adoption of AI in SCRM for the selected industries.
An investigation of factors impacting visitors to a botanic park: Factor analysis of push and pull framework
Authors: Sinh Nguyen Hoang , Hoa Hoang Thi
Published: March 2023

The paper focuses on investigating factors impacting visitors’ loyal behaviour and factor analysis of push and pull motivations to a botanic park. To do so, the research is divided into two phases that are qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews are used to gather initial insights into the visitors’ push and pull motivations to a botanic park. In the quantitative phase, a survey is taken to collect data then factor analysis is carried out to group similar variables of push and pull together for the identification of different market segments.

Survey data is gathered from a sample size of 228 individuals and analyzed in SPSS. The analysis from the quantitative phase validated the insights/concepts deriving from the qualitative phase. As a result, results of factor analysis show that the total of 09 push variables have been combined into 02 factors (family/fun and thrill-seeking) and 12 pull variables into 03 factors (nature/resources, facilities/services, place/accessibility). By grouping these similar motivations together, it helps support park managers in enhancing and improving the park’s motives, features, and facilities in a way that satisfies visitors the most.
Các nhân tố tác động đến việc tuân thủ thuế từ quan điểm của cơ quan quản lý thuế
Authors: Hạnh Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Thụy Hồ Hữu
Published: March 2023

Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các nhân tố và thang đo cho các nhân tố tác động đến tuân thủ thuế của doanh nghiệp từ quan điểm của cơ quan quản lý thuế. Bằng phương pháp nghiên cứu hỗn hợp, kết hợp tuần tự phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng, kết quả cho thấy có bốn nhân tố có ý nghĩa thống kê tác động thuận chiều đến nhân tố Tuân Thủ Thuế (TTT), mức độ tác động từ cao đến thấp đó là: (i) Nhân tố kinh tế; (ii) Nhân tố xã hội; (iii) Nhân tố cá nhân; (iv) Nhân tố thể chế.
Tác động của đặc điểm hội đồng quản trị đến hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận của các công ty niêm yết tại Việt Nam
Authors: Huyền Phan Ngọc
Published: March 2023

Đại dịch Covid-19 xảy ra trên phạm vi toàn cầu, hầu hết các công ty đều phải đối mặt với những tác động tiêu cực từ sự kiện này. Nhằm cung cấp bức tranh tài chính đẹp cho các bên liên quan thì người quản lý có thể thực hiện hành vi Quản Trị Lợi Nhuận (QTLN) nhiều hơn thông qua việc tác động lên các thông tin trên Báo Cáo Tài Chính (BCTC). Nghiên cứu này xem xét các đặc điểm Hội Đồng Quản Trị (HĐQT), quy mô công ty, loại công ty kiểm toán, tỷ suất sinh lời trên tài sản (Return on assets), dòng tiền từ hoạt động kinh doanh (Cash flow operating) tác động đến hành vi QTLN dựa trên cơ sở dồn tích (Accrual-based Earnings Management) và liệu mức độ tác động của các nhân tố này có sự khác biệt gì không giữa hai giai đoạn trước và sau Covid-19. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu bao gồm 436 công ty phi tài chính đang niêm yết tại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2016 - 2021. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng các nhân tố thuộc đặc điểm HĐQT như số lượng thành viên HĐQT, sự kiêm nhiệm vị trí Tổng Giám Đốc (TGĐ) và Chủ tịch HĐQT, tỷ lệ thành viên HĐQT độc lập, số lần họp đều có tác động đến hành vi QTLN trong cả hai giai đoạn.
Pháp luật và thực tiễn hoạt động cung ứng dịch vụ vận tải taxi công nghệ
Authors: Vân Phạm Thị Cẩm
Published: March 2023

Sự ra đời của dịch vụ vận tải taxi công nghệ đã mang đến những tiện ích đáng kể cho người sử dụng. Do là một dịch vụ mới xuất hiện với cơ chế hoạt động hoàn toàn mới mẻ, cho nên trong thời gian đầu hoạt động xảy ra hiện tượng thiếu đồng bộ giữa các quy định pháp lý và thực tiễn hoạt động dịch vụ vận tải taxi công nghệ. Bằng phương pháp như phân tích, tổng hợp; lịch sử; so sánh, bài viết đã khái quát được thực tiễn hoạt động và phát triển loại hình taxi công nghệ tại Việt Nam trong thời gian qua, đánh giá được ưu nhược điểm của loại hình dịch vụ này, chỉ ra được những ưu điểm và những bất cập trong các văn bản quy định pháp lý liên quan đến việc quản lý loại hình taxi công nghệ trong giai đoạn thí điểm và giai đoạn sau khi có nghị định 10/2020/NĐ-CP (Chính phủ, 2020), đề xuất được một số giải pháp để hoàn thiện quy định pháp luật về dịch vụ vận tải công nghệ tại Việt Nam.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hành vi sử dụng điện thoại mục đích cá nhân trong giờ làm việc của nhân viên tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Phương Trần Đỗ Trúc , Hoàng Đinh Thái
Published: March 2023

Sự gia tăng mạnh mẽ của công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông trong thập kỷ qua đã thay đổi môi trường làm việc cùng với cách thức nhân viên chuyển giao thông tin duy trì các mối quan hệ với những người khác bên trong hoặc ngoài tổ chức. Bên cạnh đó, hành vi sử dụng điện thoại mục đích cá nhân của nhân viên ngày càng trở nên phổ biến ảnh hưởng đến doanh nghiệp. Vì thế, tác giả tiến hành nghiên cứu từ kết quả 289 nhân viên nhiều lĩnh vực; theo phương pháp lấy mẫu thuận tiện và kiểm tra tính hợp lệ của dữ liệu bằng SEM. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các biến thái độ, nhận thức kiểm soát hành vi có tác động cùng chiều đến ý định hành vi ngoại trừ yếu tố thói quen có mức độ tác động thấp. Bên cạnh đó nổi bật yếu tố mới sợ bỏ lỡ, do nhu cầu muốn sở hữu thông tin cao của các nhân viên gây tác động cao đến ý định và hành vi sử dụng điện thoại mục đích cá nhân. Đồng thời nghiên cứu cũng kiểm chứng khi các nhân viên có ý định cao sẽ tự động thực hiện hành vi này. Qua đó, một số hàm ý quản trị được tác giả đề xuất dựa vào kết quả nghiên cứu để hạn chế hành vi nhằm quản lý nhân sự tốt hơn tại Việt Nam.
Bàn về sự hỗ trợ của các cơ quan nhà nước trong việc thu giữ tài sản bảo đảm
Authors: Kha Nguyễn Minh
Published: March 2023

Thu giữ tài sản bảo đảm với vai trò là một giải pháp tối ưu giúp tiết kiệm thời gian, nguồn lực, chi phí, tăng chất lượng giải quyết tranh chấp hợp đồng tín dụng cho hệ thống ngân hàng thương mại. Bài viết phân tích quy định pháp luật về thu giữ tài sản bảo đảm và so sánh với thực tiễn về sự hỗ trợ của các cơ quan chức năng trong việc thực hiện thu giữ tài sản bảo đảm nhằm đưa ra một số đề xuất hoàn thiện các quy định của pháp luật điều chỉnh vấn đề này ở Việt Nam. Việc này là cần thiết trong hoạt động xử lý tài sản vốn có nhiều rủi ro, từ đó góp phần đảm bảo hành lang an toàn cho hoạt động ngân hàng trong nền kinh tế thị trường hiện nay.
Những khuynh hướng lý thuyết nghiên cứu về ý thức cộng đồng tại đô thị
Authors: Quân Đỗ Hồng
Published: March 2023

Ý thức cộng đồng là một trong những chủ đề trọng tâm của nghiên cứu về đô thị. Bằng phương pháp tổng quan tư liệu thứ cấp, bài viết này nhằm tổng thuật lại những khuynh hướng lý thuyết được sử dụng trong các công trình nghiên cứu về ý thức cộng đồng tại đô thị. Mục tiêu của bài viết này nhằm phân tích những chiều kích của ý thức cộng đồng, những khuynh hướng lý thuyết thường được sử dụng bởi các nhà khoa học xã hội. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng ý thức cộng đồng là một khái niệm đa chiều kích. Có nhiều cách tiếp cận giải thích cho khái niệm này như: (1) trường phái Chicago và sinh thái học nhân văn; (2) trường phái Tân xã hội học đô thị với hai xu hướng đại diện là cách tiếp cận tiểu văn hoá đô thị (Subculture) và cách tiếp cận về không gian xã hội (Socio-spatial).
Hiệu quả chi phí các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam trong giai đoạn tái cấu trúc
Authors: Hà Phạm , Đại Nguyễn Trung
Published: March 2023

Được xem là bệ đỡ cung cấp tài chính cho nền kinh tế, hệ thống ngân hàng thương mại ở Việt Nam đã có những sự thay đổi đáng kể từ năm 2010, nghiên cứu này được thực hiện phân tích hiệu quả chi phí trong giai đoạn tái cấu trúc của các ngân hàng thương mại (bắt đầu từ năm 2010) theo mô hình phân tích ngẫu nhiên của Kumbhakar (1990). Đồng thời, hồi quy Tobit được sử dụng để phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả chi phí của các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam thuộc giai đoạn này. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy hiệu quả chi phí của các ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam có xu hướng cải thiện theo thời gian. Ngoài ra, các tác động của quy mô ngân hàng, tỷ suất sinh lợi trên tài sản, tỷ lệ an toàn vốn, cho vay trên tiền gửi và áp dụng Basel II đến hiệu quả chi phí của các ngân hàng thương mại trong giai đoạn nghiên cứu đều có ý nghĩa thống kê, điều này giúp cho các nhà hoạch định chính sách và quản lý ngân hàng có những chính sách phù hợp hơn nhằm áp dụng các quy định khắt khe hơn đối với hệ thống ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến khuôn mẫu sử dụng thời gian làm việc nhà của người cao tuổi ở Thành phố Cần Thơ
Authors: Thuận Phan
Published: March 2023

Mục đích của bài viết là phân tích thực trạng và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến khuôn mẫu sử dụng thời gian làm việc nhà của Người Cao Tuổi (NCT) ở Thành Phố Cần Thơ (TPCT). Dựa trên kết quả khảo sát 399 NCT từ 60 - 75 tuổi được lựa chọn ngẫu nhiên ở 06 quận/huyện của thành phố Cần Thơ, người cao tuổi dành một khoảng thời gian nhất định cho hoạt động làm việc nhà. Tham gia hoạt động này giúp NCT thể hiện vai trò với gia đình, tạo niềm vui và giảm định kiến xã hội về tuổi già. Để nhận diện các yếu tố có ảnh hưởng đến khuôn mẫu sử dụng thời gian cho hoạt động làm việc nhà, nghiên cứu cũng đã xây dựng mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính và mô hình cho thấy, thời gian sử dụng cho làm việc nhà của NCT trong tuần và cuối tuần khác nhau, tùy thuộc vào giới tính, tuổi, tình trạng việc làm, hoạt động sinh kế, và thu xếp cuộc sống. Đây là cơ sở quan trọng để các nhà quản lý xã hội tham khảo để có những chính sách hỗ trợ cho NCT, giúp họ “sống vui, sống khỏe và sống có ích”.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến mức độ hài lòng của người học đối với khóa học trực tuyến ngắn hạn và đề xuất cho phát triển MOOCs tại Việt Nam
Authors: Thanh Phan Thị Ngọc , Khoa Vương Minh , Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị Thuý
Published: March 2023

MOOCs trở thành một hiện tượng ở Mỹ và ngày càng mở rộng đến nhiều quốc gia khác. Tuy nhiên, MOOCs vẫn còn là khái niệm mới mẻ với phần lớn người dân Việt Nam. Dựa trên các khoảng trống lý thuyết được tìm thấy, nghiên cứu này kết hợp lý thuyết Giảng dạy và học tập độc lập, Sự thành công của hệ thống thông tin của DeLone và McLean và mô hình Sự xác nhận mong đợi để xây dựng khung phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự hài lòng. Dữ liệu sơ cấp được thu thập từ 218 người học khóa trực tuyến ngắn hạn. Phương pháp định lượng được sử dụng để đo lường mức độ tác động của các yếu tố đến sự hài lòng, gồm: giảng viên, nội dung video, tương tác với bạn học, thiết kế khóa học và website, tư vấn viên, hỗ trợ kỹ thuật, tính linh hoạt. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự ảnh hưởng của mỗi yếu tố đến sự hài lòng là khác nhau. Từ đây, cơ sở đề xuất cho phát triển MOOC tại Việt Nam được hình thành.
Isolation and characterization of full-length genes encoding the anti-human CD45 antibody from the hybridoma cell line 16E8-F2
Authors: Huy Nguyen Quoc , Giang Ta Huong , Quan Nguyen Dang
Published: March 2023

Though the hybridoma technology has been widely applied in the production of monoclonal antibodies, it has existed some disadvantages including low yield and genetic instability. Therefore, an alternative approach should be taken into account. Recently, recombinant monoclonal antibody technology has emerged as the best choice to cure hybridoma related drawbacks. However, recombinant antibodies require known genes for their generation. The purpose of this study is to collect the full-length genes encoding the anti-human CD45 antibody derived from the hybridoma cell line 16E8-F2. In this research, we designed specific primer pairs to amplify the light and heavy chain genes of the antibody through the PCR method. Afterward, the genes were separately cloned into a cloning vector called pJET1.2/blunt. The generated recombinant pJET1.2 vectors will serve as the main material source to manufacture the recombinant monoclonal antibody recognizing human CD45 protein tomorrow.
Establishing protocol for detecting methylation of Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase 1 gene’s promoter in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hue Thieu Hong , Tuyen Huynh Thi Ngoc , Truong Nguyen Van , Tin Dao Duy , Khoa Tran Minh Dang , Thuy Le Huyen Ai , Thuan Lao Duc
Published: March 2023

Background: The methylation of Ubiquitin Carboxyl Terminal Hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) gene’s promoter has been reported as the etiological factor of nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis. Purpose: This study is designed to establish a protocol for detecting methylation of UCHL1 gene’s promoter in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a Vietnamese population. Materials and methods: 10 samples of NPC biopsy tissues and 10 samples of non-cancerous swabs were collected from the local hospital. Chloroform/Phenol method and Nested-MSP assays were established to detect methylation of a target gene. Results: The isolated DNA reached purity and high concentration which were confirmed by the method of absorbance measurement at 260nm and 280nm. Additionally, the Nested-MSP products of methylation or unmethylation were analyzed and visualized in the agarose gel with the band of 169bps and 210bps, respectively. By sequencing, it was confirmed that the two sets of primer could distinguish the status of methylation and unmethylation of UCHL1 gene’s promoter. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the current protocol could successfully identify the status of methylation and/or unmethylation of UCHL1 gene’s promoter.