bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 11,12‐Cyclic Carbonate Azithromycin 4′′‐O‐Carbamate Derivatives.
Authors: Ma Chenchen , Liu Zhaopeng , Song Hualong , Jiang Rentao , He Fawen , Ma Shutao
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Delaminated and Pillared Zeolitic Materials
Authors: Roth Wieslaw J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesocrystals — Ordered Nanoparticle Superstructures
Authors: Song Rui‐Qi , Coelfen Helmut
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasma‐Assisted Approaches in Inorganic Nanostructure Fabrication
Authors: Zheng Jie , Yang Rong , Xie Lei , Qu Jianglan , Liu Yang , Li Xingguo
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon and Sulfur Reagents in Carbonyl Olefination
Authors: Babudri Francesco
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Antiviral Drug Oseltamivir from Vietnamese Raw Materials
Authors: Nguyen Quyet Chien , Thuy Tran Thi Thu , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Nguyen Van Hung
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Metal Chemistry of the Carbahemiporphyrazines
Authors: Durfee William S. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azahelicenes and Other Similar Tri‐ and Tetracyclic Helical Molecules
Authors: Dumitrascu Florea , Dumitrescu Dan G. , Aron Ioana
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Supramolecules
Authors: Scarso Alessandro , Borsato Giuseppe
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Cyclotriveratrylene
Authors: Hardie Michaele J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Approaches Towards the Antiproliferative Natural Products Avrainvillamide and Stephacidin B
Authors: Nising Carl F.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Demanding Trialkylphosphines for Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions—Alternatives to PtBu3.
Authors: Fleckenstein Christoph A. , Plenio Herbert
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds — A Comprehensive Update
Authors: Gribble Gordon W.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Carbohydrate‐Decorated Targeted Drug/Gene Delivery
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Ma Yong , Sun Xue‐Long
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances Toward the Inhibition of mAG and LAM Synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Umesiri Francis E. , Sanki Aditya K. , Boucau Julie , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods to Study GPI Anchoring of Proteins
Authors: Varma Yug , Hendrickson Tamara
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The β isotypes of tubulin in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Guo Jiayan , Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Ludueña Richard F.
Published: May 2010

The differences among the vertebrate β isotypes of tubulin are highly conserved in evolution, suggesting that they have functional significance. To address this, we have used differentiating neuroblastoma cells as a model system. These cells express the βI, βII, and βIII isotypes. Although there is no difference prior to differentiation, a striking difference is seen after differentiation. Both βI and βIII occur in cell bodies and neurites, while βII occurs mostly in neurites. Knocking down βI causes a large decrease in cell viability while silencing βII and βIII does not. Knocking down βII causes a large decrease in neurite outgrowth without affecting viability. Knocking down βIII has little effect on neurite outgrowth and only decreases viability if cells are treated with glutamate and glycine, a combination known to generate free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It appears, therefore, that βI is required for cell viability, βII for neurite outgrowth and βIII for protection against free radicals and reactive oxygen species. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel immunoregulatory function for IL‐23: Inhibition of IL‐12‐dependent IFN‐γ production
Authors: Sieve Amy N. , Meeks Karen D. , Lee Suheung , Berg Rance E.
Published: May 2010

Most studies investigating the function of IL‐23 have concluded that it promotes IL‐17‐secreting T cells. Although some reports have also characterized IL‐23 as having redundant pro‐inflammatory effects with IL‐12, we have instead found that IL‐23 antagonizes IL‐12‐induced secretion of IFN‐γ. When splenocytes or purified populations of T cells were cultured with IL‐23, IFN‐γ secretion in response to IL‐12 was dramatically reduced. The impact of IL‐23 was most prominent in CD8+ T cells, but was also observed in NK and CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, the IL‐23 receptor was not required for this phenomenon, and IL‐23 inhibited signaling through the IL‐12 receptor by reducing IL‐12‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) phosphorylation. IL‐23 was also able to reduce IFN‐γ secretion by antagonizing endogenously produced IL‐12 from Listeria monocytogenes (LM)‐infected macrophages. In vivo, LM infection induced higher serum IFN‐γ levels and a greater percentage of IFN‐γ+CD8+ T cells in IL‐23p19‐deficient mice as compared with WT mice. This increase in IFN‐γ production coincided with increased LM clearance at days 2 and 3 post‐infection. Our data suggest that IL‐23 may be a key factor in determining the responsiveness of lymphocytes to IL‐12 and their subsequent secretion of IFN‐γ.
Macrophage polarization to a unique phenotype driven by B cells
Authors: Wong Siew‐Cheng , Puaux Anne‐Laure , Chittezhath Manesh , Shalova Irina , Kajiji Tasneem S. , Wang Xiaojie , Abastado Jean‐Pierre , Lam Kong‐Peng , Biswas Subhra K.
Published: May 2010

Regulation of adaptive immunity by innate immune cells is widely accepted. Conversely, adaptive immune cells can also regulate cells of the innate immune system. Here, we report for the first time the essential role of B cells in regulating macrophage (Mϕ) phenotype. In vitro B cell/Mϕ co‐culture experiments together with experiments in transgenic mice models for B‐cell deficiency or overexpression showed B1 cells to polarize Mϕ to a distinct phenotype. This was characterized by downregulated TNF‐α, IL‐1β and CCL3, but upregulated IL‐10 upon LPS stimulation; constitutive expression of M2 Mϕ markers (e.g. Ym1, Fizz1) and overexpression of TRIF‐dependent cytokines (IFN‐β, CCL5). Mechanistically, this phenotype was linked to a defective NF‐κB activation, but a functional TRIF/STAT1 pathway. B1‐cell‐derived IL‐10 was found to be instrumental in the polarization of these Mϕ. Finally, in vivo relevance of B1‐cell‐induced Mϕ polarization was confirmed using the B16 melanoma tumor model where adoptive transfer of B1 cells induced an M2 polarization of tumor‐associated Mϕ. Collectively, our results define a new mechanism of Mϕ polarization wherein B1 cells play a key role in driving Mϕ to a unique, but M2‐biased phenotype. Future studies along these lines may lead to targeting of B1 cells to regulate Mϕ response in inflammation and cancer.
Revisiting the role of IL‐2 in autoimmunity
Authors: Dooms Hans , Abbas Abul K.
Published: May 2010

IL‐2 was discovered as a T‐cell growth factor that promoted T‐cell‐dependent immune responses; however, more recent studies suggest that the essential role of IL‐2 is to maintain functional Treg and thus control immune responses. These results are leading to new ideas about the potential of IL‐2 as a therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study further examines the role of IL‐2 in immune regulation and shows for the first time that IL‐2 complexes can ameliorate autoantibody‐mediated autoimmunity. This commentary examines the current findings in relation to what we already know about IL‐2 complexes.
Modulation of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity with real‐time neurofeedback
Authors: Hamilton J. Paul , Glover Gary H. , Hsu Jung‐Jiin , Johnson Rebecca F. , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: May 2010

The advent of real‐time neurofeedback techniques has allowed us to begin to map the controllability of sensory and cognitive and, more recently, affective centers in the brain. The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is thought to be involved in generation of affective states and has been implicated in psychopathology. In this study, we examined whether individuals could use real‐time fMRI neurofeedback to modulate sACC activity. Following a localizer task used to identify an sACC region of interest, an experimental group of eight women participated in four scans: (1) a pretraining scan in which they were asked to decrease activity in the sACC without neurofeedback; (2) two training scans in which sACC neurofeedback was presented along with instructions to decrease sACC activity; and (3) a neurofeedback‐free post‐training scan. An additional nine women in a yoked feedback control group saw sACC activity from the participants in the experimental group. Activity in the sACC was significantly reduced during neurofeedback training in the experimental group, but not in the control group. This training effect in the experimental group, however, did not generalize to the neurofeedback‐free post‐training scan. A psychophysiological interaction analysis showed decreased correlation in the experimental group relative to the sham control group between activity in the sACC and the posterior cingulate cortex during neurofeedback training relative to neurofeedback‐free scans. The finding that individuals can down‐modulate the sACC shows that a primary emotion center in which functional abnormality has been strongly implicated in affective disorders can be controlled with the aid of neurofeedback. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphotoxin‐β receptor activation by lymphotoxin‐α1β2 and LIGHT promotes tumor growth in an NFκB‐dependent manner
Authors: Daller Barbara , Müsch Werner , Röhrl Johann , Tumanov Alexei V. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Männel Daniela N. , Schneider‐Brachert Wulf , Hehlgans Thomas
Published: May 2010

Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) activation on mouse fibrosarcoma cells (BFS‐1) results in enhanced solid tumor growth paralleled by increased angiogenesis induced by the expression of pro‐angiogenic CXCL2. In our study, we demonstrate that both functional ligands of the LTβR, namely LTα1β2 and LIGHT, are involved in the activation of LTβR in solid fibrosarcomas. To identify whether the lymphocyte population is involved in the activation of LTβR in these fibrosarcoma tumors, we used conditional LTβ‐deficient mice that specifically lack LTβ expression either on T cells (T‐LTβ−/−) or on B cells (B‐LTβ−/−). Solid tumor growth was reduced in both mouse strains when compared to tumor growth in wild‐type mice, indicating the participation of both T and B host lymphocytes in the activation of LTβR in these tumors. Tumor growth was also reduced in LIGHT‐deficient mice, suggesting a contribution of this ligand to the activation of LTβR in BFS‐1 fibrosarcomas. LTβR signaling can involve IκBα and/or NFκB‐inducing kinase (NIK) for subsequent NFκB activation in different types of cells. Expression of a dominant negative form of IκBα or of a dominant negative mutant of NIK resulted in decreased activation of NFκB signaling and reduced expression of pro‐angiogenic CXCL2 in vitro. Moreover, expression of dominant negative form of NIK or an IκBα repressor in these fibrosarcoma cells resulted in reduced solid tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that both IκBα and NIK are involved in pro‐angiogenic signaling after LTβR activation. Our data support the idea that the ablation of LTβR signaling should be considered for cancer treatment.
Acrylonitrile induced apoptosis via oxidative stress in neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cell
Authors: Watcharasit Piyajit , Suntararuks Sumitra , Visitnonthachai Daranee , Thiantanawat Apinya , Satayavivad Jutamaad
Published: May 2010

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a chemical that is widely used in the production of plastics, acrylic fibers, synthetic rubbers and resins. It has been reported that ACN can cause oxidative stress, a condition which is well recognized as an apoptotic initiator; however, information regarding ACN‐induced apoptosis is limited. This present study investigated whether ACN induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, and whether its apoptotic induction involves oxidative stress. The results showed that ACN caused activation of caspase‐3, a key enzyme involved in apoptosis, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Detection of sub‐G1 apoptotic cell death and apoptotic nuclear condensation revealed that ACN caused an increase in the number of apoptotic cells indicating ACN induces apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells. ACN dose‐ and time‐dependently increased the level of proapoptotic protein, Bax. Pretreatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuated caspase‐3 activation by ACN, as evidenced by a reduction in proteolysis of PARP, a known caspase‐3 substrate, as well as in the number of sub‐G1 apoptotic cells. Moreover, induction of Bax by ACN was abolished by NAC. Taken together, the results indicate that ACN induces apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells via a mechanism involving generation of oxidative stress‐mediated Bax induction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chrysoeriol isolated from Eurya cilliata leaves protects MC3T3‐E1 cells against hydrogen peroxide‐induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Young Soon , Choi Eun Mi
Published: May 2010

Chrysoeriol is a flavonoid compound found in several tropical medicinal plants. To elucidate the protective effects of chrysoeriol isolated from Eurya cilliata on the response of osteoblasts to oxidative stress, osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with chrysoeriol and/or H2O2, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. Chrysoeriol treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and increased collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition of osteoblasts in the presence of H2O2. These effects were blocked by ICI182780, suggesting that chrysoeriol's effect might be partly involved in estrogen action. Moreover, H2O2‐induced reduction of osteocalcin was recovered in the presence of chrysoeriol. Chrysoeriol significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, interleukin‐6, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde of MC3T3‐E1 cells in the presence of H2O2. These results demonstrate that chrysoeriol isolated from E. cilliata can protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress‐induced toxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion of interleukin‐2 from cells overlaid with cytocompatible enzyme‐crosslinked gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Yung Chong Wing , Bentley William E. , Barbari Timothy A.
Published: May 2010

In designing an implantable cell encapsulation construct to continuously deliver therapeutic proteins to a patient, it is critical that the biomaterial be compatible with the encapsulated cells, as well as conducive to the diffusion of desired molecules. As a continuation of our previous work, which demonstrated the cytocompatibility of gelatin hydrogels enzymatically crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase (mTG‐gels), this work seeks to elucidate the diffusion properties that are needed for sustained release of therapeutic proteins produced by the engineered cells. HEK293 cells genetically engineered to secrete an anticancer drug, interleukin‐2 (hIL2), through 4% mTG‐gels used as a 1D diffusion model. Under steady‐state conditions, cells secrete hIL2 at a therapeutic rate of 5.0–5.7 ng/cm2/h/106 cells. The diffusion coefficient of hIL2 through the hydrogels is Dm = 4.0 × 10−7 cm2/s. This value is comparable with similarly sized proteins through hydrogels and is further verified by modeling nonsteady‐state diffusion through various thicknesses of the hydrogels, as well as by acellular diffusion chamber experiments. These findings demonstrate that the enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels are not only cytocompatible but also have suitable transport properties that will facilitate the design of sustained drug release devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Tissue–response to calcium‐bonded titanium surface
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ayukawa Yasunori , LeGeros Racquel Z. , Matsuya Shigeki , Koyano Kiyoshi , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: May 2010

Our previous study demonstrated that calcium‐bonded titanium surface (Ca‐Ti) can be obtained by hydrothermal reaction between titanium (Ti) and CaCl2 and that bone‐apatite like formation was observed after immersion in simulated body fluid. The purpose of the study was to determine the in vivo response to Ca‐Ti surface using a rodent tibia model. Cylinders of commercially pure Ti were divided into three groups: (1) untreated group; (2) NaOH+hTi group: soaked in 5 mol/L NaOH solution at 60°C then heated at 400°C for 1 h; and (3) Ca‐Ti group: hydrothermally treated in the presence of 10 mmol/L CaCl2 at 200°C for 24 h. The cylinders implanted in surgically created defects in tibias of 8‐week old male Wistar rats were retrieved after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluations were made on stained decalcified thin sections. Results showed that at 1, 2, and 4 week after implantation, respectively, bone contact was 55.2 ± 16.4%, 88.1 ± 9.9%, and 96.1 ± 4.8% for Ca‐Ti implants, 5.7 ± 5.3%, 19.9 ± 1.2%, 57.4 ± 4.8% for untreated; and 27.2 ± 0.7%, 70.9 ± 7.7%, and 96.0 ± 5.1% for NaOH+hTi implants. These results suggest that hydrothermal treatment with CaCl2 provides a bioactive Ca‐Ti bonded surface that allows bone formation greater than that obtained with NaOH+heat treated Ti surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Aligned poly(L‐lactic‐co‐e‐caprolactone) electrospun microfibers and knitted structure: A novel composite scaffold for ligament tissue engineering
Authors: Vaquette Cédryck , Kahn Cyril , Frochot Céline , Nouvel Cécile , Six Jean‐Luc , De Isla Natalia , Luo Li‐Hua , Cooper‐White Justin , Rahouadj Rachid , Wang Xiong
Published: May 2010

We developed a novel technique involving knitting and electrospinning to fabricate a composite scaffold for ligament tissue engineering. Knitted structures were coated with poly(L‐lactic‐co‐e‐caprolactone) (PLCL) and then placed onto a rotating cylinder and a PLCL solution was electrospun onto the structure. Highly aligned 2‐μm‐diameter microfibers covered the space between the stitches and adhered to the knitted scaffolds. The stress–strain tensile curves exhibited an initial toe region similar to the tensile behavior of ligaments. Composite scaffolds had an elastic modulus (150 ± 14 MPa) similar to the modulus of human ligaments. Biological evaluation showed that cells proliferated on the composite scaffolds and they spontaneously orientated along the direction of microfiber alignment. The microfiber architecture also induced a high level of extracellular matrix secretion, which was characterized by immunostaining. We found that cells produced collagen type I and type III, two main components found in ligaments. After 14 days of culture, collagen type III started to form a fibrous network. We fabricated a composite scaffold having the mechanical properties of the knitted structure and the morphological properties of the aligned microfibers. It is difficult to seed a highly macroporous structure with cells, however the technique we developed enabled an easy cell seeding due to presence of the microfiber layer. Therefore, these scaffolds presented attractive properties for a future use in bioreactors for ligament tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
In vivo kinetic degradation analysis and biocompatibility of aliphatic polyester polyurethanes
Authors: Knight Pamela T. , Kirk James T. , Anderson James M. , Mather Patrick T.
Published: May 2010

Polyester polyurethanes incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) as the crystalline hard block were evaluated for biocompatibility and degradation over 24 weeks in vivo. In vitro studies were also used to predict the onset of mass loss. The molecular weight of each sample was found to decrease quickly over an 8 week period and then became constant due to the nondegrading POSS hard block. Kinetic analysis of the initial molecular weight change indicated that the degradation rate was dependant on the soft block composition. Crystallinity, melting temperature, and heat of fusion of the polyurethanes were found to increase during degradation as the amorphous polyester soft segments were hydrolyzed. The histological analysis of each polymer demonstrated rapid resolution of the acute and chronic inflammatory responses and the development of expected, normal foreign body reaction, consisting of adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells on the surface of the polymers, and fibrous capsule formation around the polymer. No acute and/or chronic inflammation was seen after 3 weeks, indicating that the polymers in film form and biodegraded form, that is, particles, were biocompatible and did not elicit inflammatory responses expected for toxic or nonbiocompatible materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Effect of salivary esterase on the integrity and fracture toughness of the dentin‐resin interface
Authors: Shokati Babak , Tam Laura Eva , Santerre J. Paul , Finer Yoav
Published: May 2010

Human Salivary Derived Esterases (HSDE) are part of the salivary group of enzymes which show strong degradative activity toward the breakdown of one of the most common monomers used in dental composites and adhesives, 2,2‐[4(2‐hydroxy 3‐methacryloxypropoxy)‐phenyl] propane (Bis‐GMA), to form the degradation product 2,2‐bis [4 (2,3‐hydroxy‐propoxy)phenyl] propane (Bis‐HPPP). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of HSDE on the biodegradation and fracture toughness of the adhesive resin‐dentin interface. Adhesive resin (Scotchbond Multi Purposes), resin composite (Z250) and mini short‐rod specimens, were either not incubated; or incubated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or HSDE media for up to 180 days (37°C, pH 7.0). The amount of Bis‐HPPP was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and mini‐SR specimens were tested for fracture toughness using universal testing machine following 30, 90, or 180‐day incubation periods. Significantly higher amounts of Bis‐HPPP were produced in HSDE than in PBS incubated specimens (p < 0.05). Non‐incubated mini‐SR specimens had the higher fracture‐toughness values, while specimens incubated for 180‐days in HSDE had the lowest fracture toughness (p < 0.05). This study suggests that biodegradation is an on‐going clinically relevant process that progressively compromises the integrity of the critical resin restoration‐adhesive interface, as well as the resin‐composite component with time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Simulated microgravity‐induced epigenetic changes in human lymphocytes
Authors: Singh Kamaleshwar P. , Kumari Ragini , DuMond James W.
Published: May 2010

Real space flight and modeled microgravity conditions result in changes in the expression of genes that control important cellular functions. However, the mechanisms for microgravity‐induced gene expression changes are not clear. The epigenetic changes of DNA methylation and chromatin histones modifications are known to regulate gene expression. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether simulated microgravity alters (a) the DNA methylation and histone acetylation, and (b) the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and HDAC1 genes that regulate epigenetic events. To achieve these objectives, human T‐lymphocyte cells were grown in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) that simulates microgravity, and in parallel under normal gravitational conditions as control. The microgravity‐induced DNA methylation changes were detected by methylation sensitive‐random amplified polymorphic DNA (MS‐RAPD) analysis of genomic DNA. The gene expression was measured by Quantitative Real‐time PCR. The expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b was found to be increased at 72 h, and decreased at 7 days in microgravity exposed cells. The MS‐RAPD analysis revealed that simulated microgravity exposure results in DNA hypomethylation and mutational changes. Gene expression analysis revealed microgravity exposure time‐dependent decreased expression of HDAC1. Decreased expression of HDAC1 should result in increased level of acetylated histone H3, however a decreased level of acetylated H3 was observed in microgravity condition, indicating thereby that other HDACs may be involved in regulation of H3 deacetylation. The findings of this study suggest that epigenetic events could be one of the mechanistic bases for microgravity‐induced gene expression changes and associated adverse health effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 123–129, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of integrin up‐regulation in RANKL/RANK pathway of chondrosarcomas migration
Authors: Hsu Chin‐Jung , Lin Tsang‐Yu , Kuo Chien‐Chung , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Lin Mou‐Zen , Hsu Horng‐Chaung , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin
Published: May 2010

Invasion of tumor cells is the primary cause of therapeutic failure in malignant chondrosarcomas treatment. Receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor, RANK, play a key roles in osteoclastogenesis and tumor metastasis. We found that the RANKL and RANK expression in human chondrosarcoma tissues was higher than that in normal cartilage. We also found that RANKL directed the migration and increased cell surface expression of β1 integrin in human chondrosarcoma cells (JJ012 cells). Pretreatment of JJ012 cells with MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126, inhibited the RANKL‐induced migration and integrin expression. Stimulation of cells with RANKL increased the phosphorylation of MEK and extracellular signal‐regulating kinase (ERK). In addition, NF‐κB inhibitor (PDTC) or IκB protease inhibitor (TPCK) also inhibited RANKL‐induced cells migration and integrin up‐regulation. Taken together, these results suggest that the RANKL acts through MEK/ERK, which in turn activates IKKα/β and NF‐κB, resulting in the activation of β1 integrin and contributing to the migration of human chondrosarcoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 138–147, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The IGF‐I regulatory system and its impact on skeletal and energy homeostasis
Authors: Kawai Masanobu , Rosen Clifford J.
Published: May 2010

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I is important in the acquisition and maintenance of both soft and hard tissues. Skeletal remodeling requires energy and recent work has demonstrated that bone can influence insulin sensitivity and thereby regulate metabolic processes. New insights from mouse models into the role of IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs) as more than mere depots for the IGFs has reignited investigations into the metabolic targets influenced by the IGF regulatory system and the pathways that link bone to adipose tissue. Although there remains continued uncertainty about the relative balance between the effects of circulating versus tissue IGF‐I actions, the role of the IGFBPs has been redefined both as modulators of IGF‐I action and as independent signaling factors. This review highlights several recent findings that shed new light on the physiologic role of the IGF regulatory system and its influence on skeletal and fat metabolism. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 14–19, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential role of branched‐chain amino acids in glucose metabolism through the accelerated induction of the glucose‐sensing apparatus in the liver
Authors: Higuchi Nobito , Kato Masaki , Miyazaki Masayuki , Tanaka Masatake , Kohjima Motoyuki , Ito Tetsuhide , Nakamuta Makoto , Enjoji Munechika , Kotoh Kazuhiro , Takayanagi Ryoichi
Published: May 2010

Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) have a potential to improve glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients; however, the contribution of liver in this process has not been clarified. To estimate the effect of BCAA on glucose metabolism in liver, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of glucose‐sensing apparatus genes in HepG2 cells and in rat liver after oral administration of BCAA. HepG2 cells were cultured in low glucose (100 mg/dl) or high glucose (400 mg/dl) in the absence or presence of BCAA. The mRNA expression levels and protein levels of GLUT2 and liver‐type glucokinase (L‐GK) were estimated using RT‐PCR and immunoblotting. The expression levels of transcriptional factors, including SREBP‐1c, ChREBP, PPAR‐γm and LXRα, were estimated. The mRNA expression levels of transcriptional factors, glycogen synthase, and genes involved in gluconeogenesis were evaluated in rat liver at 3 h after the administration of BCAA. BCAA accelerated the expression of GLUT2 and L‐GK in HepG2 cells in high glucose. Expression levels of ChREBP, SREBP‐1c, and LXRα were also increased in this condition. BCAA administration enhanced the mRNA expression levels of L‐GK, SREBP‐1c, and LXRα and suppressed the expression levels of G‐6‐Pase in rat liver, without affecting the expression levels of glycogen synthase or serum glucose concentrations. BCAA administration enhanced the bioactivity of the glucose‐sensing apparatus, probably via the activation of a transcriptional mechanism, suggesting that these amino acids may improve glucose metabolism through the accelerated utility of glucose and glucose‐6‐phosphate in the liver. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 30–38, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTEN‐ and p53‐mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by FTY720 in gastric cancer cells and nude mice
Authors: Zheng Tongsen , Meng Xianzhi , Wang JiaBei , Chen Xi , Yin Dalong , Liang Yingjian , Song Xuan , Pan Shangha , Jiang Hongchi , Liu Lianxin
Published: May 2010

FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, derived from ISP‐1, has been studied for its putative anti‐cancer properties in the recent years. In this study, we have reported that FTY720 greatly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation for the first time, and found this effect was associated with G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Results from our Western blotting and Real‐time PCR showed that FTY720 induced obvious PTEN expression in a p53‐independent way, consistent with a substantial decrease in p‐Akt and MDM2. FTY720 dramatically increased the expression of Cip1/p21, p27, and BH3‐only proteins through the accumulation of p53 by PTEN‐mediated inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/MDM2 signaling. Suppression of PTEN expression with siRNA significantly reduced the p53 and p21 levels and activated Akt, resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival. Furthermore, we have observed an additive effect of FTY720 in killing gastric cancer cells when in combination with Cisplatin, partly through PTEN‐mediated Akt/MDM2 inhibition. In vivo study has also shown that tumor growth was significantly suppressed after FTY720 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that FTY720 induces a significant increase of PTEN, which inhibits p‐Akt and MDM2, and then increases the level of p53, thereby inducing G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. We have characterized a novel immunosuppressant, for the first time, which shows potential anti‐tumor effects on gastric cancer by PTEN activation through p53‐independent mechanism, especially in combination with Cisplatin. This PTEN target‐based therapy is worth further investigation and warrants clinical evaluation. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 218–228, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoblast lineage cells expressing high levels of Runx2 enhance hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and function
Authors: Chitteti Brahmananda R. , Cheng Ying‐Hua , Streicher Drew A. , Rodriguez‐Rodriguez Sonia , Carlesso Nadia , Srour Edward F. , Kacena Melissa A.
Published: May 2010

Although osteoblasts (OB) play a key role in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, little is known as to which specific OB lineage cells are critical for the enhancement of stem and progenitor cell function. Unlike hematopoietic cells, OB cell surface phenotypic definitions are not well developed. Therefore, to determine which OB lineage cells are most important for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) function, we characterized OB differentiation by gene expression and OB function, and determined whether associations existed between OB and HPC properties. OB were harvested from murine calvariae, used immediately (fresh OB) or cultured for 1, 2, or 3 weeks prior to their co‐culture with Lin−Sca1+c‐kit+ (LSK) cells for 1 week. OB gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, hematopoietic cell number fold increase, CFU fold increase, and fold increase of Lin−Sca1+ cells were determined. As expected, HPC properties were enhanced when LSK cells were cultured with OB compared to being cultured alone. Initial alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition levels were significantly and inversely associated with an increase in the number of LSK progeny. Final calcium deposition levels and OB culture duration were inversely associated with all HPC parameters, while Runx2 levels were positively associated with all HPC properties. Since calcium deposition is associated with OB maturation and high levels of Runx2 are associated with less mature OB lineage cells, these results suggest that less mature OB better promote HPC proliferation and function than do more mature OB. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 284–294, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calnexin inhibits thermal aggregation and neurotoxicity of prion protein
Authors: Wang Wenxi , Chen Rui , Luo Kan , Wu Di , Huang Liqin , Huang Tao , Xiao Gengfu
Published: May 2010

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorder associated with the conversion of the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) into the infectious scrapie isoform (PrPSc). Deposition of misfolded prion proteins (PrP) on certain regions of brain can result in prion diseases. As a membrane‐bound chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), calnexin ensures the proper folding and quality control of newly synthesized proteins. Using purified components in vitro, calnexin associated with many proteins and suppresses their thermal aggregation effectively. We for the first time analyzed PrP‐calnexin interaction. The immunoprecipitation, confocal microscope and native polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis results indicated that calnexin could bind PrP both in vitro and in vivo. The turbidity result showed that calnexin could supress thermal aggregation of PrP. MTT, flow cytometry (FCM) and caspase activity studies demonstrated that calnexin prevent caspase‐3‐mediated cytotoxicity induced by PrP. These results implied that calnexin is potentially beneficial for the resistance of prion diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 343–349, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intestinal stem cell asymmetric division in the Drosophila posterior midgut
Authors: Hou Steven X.
Published: May 2010

Over the past 2 years, our understanding of intestinal stem cells in the Drosophila posterior midgut has advanced greatly. In this review, I will focus on the establishment of these stem cells in their niche during development and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their asymmetric division in adults. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 581–584, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular calcium sensing receptor stimulation in human colonic epithelial cells induces intracellular calcium oscillations and proliferation inhibition
Authors: Rey Osvaldo , Young Steven H. , Jacamo Rodrigo , Moyer Mary P. , Rozengurt Enrique
Published: May 2010

The extracellular Ca2+‐sensing receptor (CaR) is increasingly implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions in the gastrointestinal tract, including secretion, proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. However, the signaling mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Here we examined signaling pathways activated by the CaR, including Ca2+ oscillations, in individual human colon epithelial cells. Single cell imaging of colon‐derived cells expressing the CaR, including SW‐480, HT‐29, and NCM‐460 cells, shows that stimulation of this receptor by addition of aromatic amino acids or by an elevation of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration promoted striking intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. The intracellular calcium oscillations in response to extracellular Ca2+ were of sinusoidal pattern and mediated by the phospholipase C/diacylglycerol/inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate pathway as revealed by a biosensor that detects the accumulation of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane. The intracellular calcium oscillations in response to aromatic amino acids were of transient type, that is, Ca2+ spikes that returned to baseline levels, and required an intact actin cytoskeleton, a functional Rho, Filamin A and the ion channel TRPC1. Further analysis showed that re‐expression and stimulation of the CaR in human epithelial cells derived from normal colon and from colorectal adenocarcinoma inhibits their proliferation. This inhibition was associated with the activation of the signaling pathway that mediates the generation of sinusoidal, but not transient, intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. Thus, these results indicate that the CaR can function in two signaling modes in human colonic epithelial cells offering a potential link between gastrointestinal responses and food/nutrients uptake and metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 73–83, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiated human adipose‐derived stem cells exhibit hepatogenic capability in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ruiz Joseph C. , Ludlow John W. , Sherwood Sonya , Yu Gang , Wu Xiying , Gimble Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2010

The availability of suitable human livers for transplantation falls short of the number of potential patients. In addition, the availability of primary human hepatocytes for cell‐therapy and drug development applications is significantly limited; less than 700 livers per year are available for such studies. However, the majority of these organs cannot be utilized due to pathological infections (e.g., HepB, HepC, or HIV) or excessive levels of steatosis. Thus, the number of cells needed for cell therapy applications far exceeds the number of cells available from donated livers. The ability to implant progenitor cell populations that can form liver tissue in situ, or can be differentiated in vitro would be a major advance in current cell‐based therapies. In addition, and importantly for this application, the ability to utilize a non‐hepatic progenitor cell to mimic hepatocytes in vitro would enable the scale‐up production of cells for bioartifical liver assist devices, cell‐therapy and drug discovery applications. We demonstrate the feasibility of inducing adipose‐derived stromal (ASC) cells to express several features of human hepatocytes such as glycogen storage and expression of liver specific genes. Importantly, we also show that undifferentiated ASCs and ASC‐derived hepatic cells engraft robustly into the liver in a mouse model of toxic injury. These data indicate a significant potential for the use of undifferentiated ASCs and ASC‐derived hepatic cells as novel and valuable products for cell therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 429–436, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNAs are dynamically regulated in hypertrophic hearts, and miR‐199a is essential for the maintenance of cell size in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Song Xiao‐Wei , Li Qing , Lin Li , Wang Xiao‐Chen , Li Dong‐Feng , Wang Guo‐Kun , Ren An‐Jing , Wang Yan‐Rong , Qin Yong‐Wen , Yuan Wen‐Jun , Jing Qing
Published: May 2010

Cardiac hypertrophy, which is characterized by an increase in cell size and reactivation of fetal genes, occurs as an adaptive response to diverse forms of stress and often results in heart failure and sudden death. Growing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cardiac hypertrophy, but the function of these miRNAs remains elusive. Here, using real time PCR analysis, we showed that several miRNAs were dynamically regulated in the rat hypertrophic hearts and miR‐199a was up‐regulated by 10‐fold in hypertrophic hearts after abdominal aorta constriction for 12 weeks. With tissue profiling analysis, we showed that miR‐199a was predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes, but was also faintly detected in cardiac fibroblasts. To investigate whether miR‐199a was involved in cardiac hypertrophy, both over‐expression and knockdown of miR‐199a were performed in cultured cardiomyocytes. Over‐expression of miR‐199a in cardiomyocytes increased the cell size as measured by cell surface area, and also reduced the mRNA expression level of α‐myosin heavy chain. In accordance, knockdown of endogenous miR‐199a in cardiomyocytes reduced the cell size. Down‐regulation of miR‐199a also attenuated the phenylephrine‐induced increase of cell size. Furthermore, bioinformatic algorithms were used to predict the potential targets of miR‐199a in cardiac hypertrophy, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha was confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay to be a potential target of miR‐199a. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR‐199a, which was predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes, was essential for the maintenance of cell size of cardiomyocytes and might play a role in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 437–443, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired muscle regeneration and myoblast differentiation in mice with a muscle‐specific KO of IGF‐IR
Authors: Heron‐Milhavet Lisa , Mamaeva Daria , LeRoith Derek , Lamb Ned J. , Fernandez Anne
Published: May 2010

IGF‐I and its receptor IGF‐IR are seen as critical effectors of muscle hypertrophy, a notion recently questioned. Using MKR transgenic mice that express a dominant negative IGF‐IR only in skeletal muscle, we have examined the role of the IGF‐IR signaling in differentiation and repair of muscle fibers after damage‐induced muscle regeneration. This process is impaired in MKR muscle, with incomplete regeneration, persistence of infiltrating cells and sustained expression of differentiation markers. Analysis of MKR and WT muscle‐derived progenitor stem cells and myoblasts showed twice as many such cells in MKR muscle and an incomplete in vitro differentiation, that is, despite similar levels of myogenin expression, the level of fusion of MKR myoblasts was significantly reduced in comparison to WT myoblasts. These data show IGF‐IR signaling is not only required at early hyperplasia stages of muscle differentiation, but also for late stages of myofiber maturation and hypertrophy. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 1–6, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.