bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Versus Limited Posterolateral Thoracotomy for Management of Post Traumatic Clotted Hemothorax
Authors: E Rezk Moataz , M Elnahas Ashraf , EMohamed Mamdouh , M Elrebigi Mona , El-Moteleb Anhar EAbd
Published: June 2022

Background: Hemothorax is collection of blood in pleural cavity caused by blunt or sharp trauma.Retained hemothorax is an undrained collection in pleura that can lead to fibro-thorax or empyema. Chest tube placement is described as a method of management. Now, videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has evolved to become a gold standard in the management of retained hemothorax. Our objective is to compare VATS with limited thoracotomy in treatment of traumatic retained hemothorax. Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative study conducted on 60 patients with traumatic clotted hemothorax studied between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients were selected and classified into two groups each included 30 patients, Group I managed by open thoracotomy and group II managed by VATS. Results: Our study revealed no difference between both groups regarding age, gender, side of affection or preoperative ICT period. There were a significant reduction in operative time (55.67 Vs 101.3; P = 0.001), post-operative pain (P = 0.001) and postoperative period of ICT insertion (1.2 vs 1.2 day, P = 0.021) and postoperative total hospital stay (3.03 vs. 5.53 day; P = 0.001) and the period needed for return to normal activity (1.03 vs. 2.2 days; P = 0.01) in VATS group versus open thoracotomy group. Conclusion: We concluded that thoracoscopy is feasible, safe and tolerable method for management of retained traumatic hemothorax and so, we recommended it as a suitable method for this type of hemothorax. Key words: VATS; retained hemothorax; limited thoracotomy
An in vitro Method to Determine Intestinal Bioavailability of Glucosamine Salt Mixture
Authors: Yu Shengwu , Singh Anika , Zhang Huiying , D. Kitts David
Published: June 2022

Glucosamine is an amino sugar commonly used to improve joint health. It is often available for consumers as specialized supplements, the matrixes of which are formulated with components that facilitate enhancing functionality of the bioactive glucosamine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a commercial glucosamine sulphate supplement, formulated with a mineral clay mixture. We used a modified a 3-step in vitro digestion procedure that included oral, gastric, and gastrointestinal digestions to assess bioaccessibility. Bioavailability followed using a Caco2 cell permeability test. Glucosamine bioaccessibility was not affected by gastric digestion and only marginally affected by gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., > 90% recovery). Bioavailability was dramatically lower, averaging approximately 15%, but similar for both the glucosamine reference standard and clay mineral mix glucosamine formulated product. Our in vitro bioavailability measurement of glucosamine, corrected for bioaccessibility, agree with values from in vitro rodent models. We conclude that the in vitro 3-step digestion of glucosamine, used to mimic gastrointestinal digestion, followed by the Caco2 permeability assay represents an alternative method to assess digestibility and bioavailability of formulated glucosamine products. Keywords: Glucosamine; Clay Mineral Mix; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability
Bridging the Gap: Community Pharmacists’ Burgeoning Role as Point-Of-Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Integration of Emerging Technologies
Authors: Nimee Frantzeska , Gioxari Aristea , Steier James , Skouroliakou Maria
Published: June 2022

Community pharmacies are an under-utilized setting for the provision of primary and preventative care measures, especially the provision of clinical dietary care. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented a unique opportunity to study pharmacist-based nutritional counseling in the absence of ready access to primary nutritional care. In the present interventional pilot study, we analyzed the efficacy of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for community pharmacy integration on patient weight management, monitoring, and goal setting over a 4-week period. 57 Greek adult patients (16 males and 41 females) of a community pharmacy in the greater Athens area were enrolled in the intervention and subsequently assigned a hypo- or iso-caloric diet according to baseline anthropometric measurements, total daily energy expenditure, medical history, and drug treatment status as assessed by the CDSS. At the end of the intervention period participant weight (kg) and corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/ m2) calculations were recorded to gauge sample diet and CDSS recommendation efficacy. Among patients who remained diet compliant to study completion, body weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the hypo-caloric diet group compared to baseline (n=13) (mean difference = -2.685 kg, p = 0.004; mean difference = -1.112 kg/m2, p = 0.004, respectively). No significant change in body weight nor BMI from baseline of isocaloric diet compliant patients was registered (n=9) (p=0.273; p=0.320, respectively), succeeding in the purported goal of weight maintenance. This study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a CDSS in assisting pharmacists with nutritional assessment, screening, and sample diet counselling concordant with patient dietary and weight-loss requirements. This trial also builds on emerging research into the broadening purview of traditional pharmacy services in primary care settings.
Vitamin D as a Preventive or Therapeutic Nutrient in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Hunger Damaris , Wynn Crystal , Siddiqui Rafat A
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with limited treatment options available. Some studies have proposed that vitamin D may be associated with Covid-19 infection outcomes. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the evidence currently available from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies regarding the impact of vitamin D used as a preventative or adjunctive therapeutic agent on the disease severity and mortality rate of Covid-19 patients. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest. Sources listed in the citations of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were also evaluated. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected after title, abstract, and article content were reviewed. Five studies, including two RCTs, met inclusion criteria. One RCT did not find significant benefit with vitamin D3 supplementation. The remaining studies, including mostly elderly participants using various vitamin D supplementation forms and doses, reported a reduced need for ICU treatment, faster recovery, decreased severity, and an improved survival rate for Covid-19 patients. An initial loading dose (21,280 IU Calcifediol) and regular supplementation of vitamin D (10,000-60,000 IU/day when ill to monthly doses of 50,000 IU or 80,000-100,000 IU/2-3 months) resulted in the greatest effectiveness. The results of this review suggest that regular vitamin D supplementation may be associated with reduced Covid-19 infection severity and mortality rate. However, more RCTs are needed to provide further robust evidence for more participants of different demographics and give insight into the most appropriate doses, forms, and timeline of vitamin D supplementation for patients with SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Vitamin D3; Calcifediol; Randomized controlled trials; Recovery rate; Survival rate
Robust, Long-Term Video EEG Monitoring in a Porcine Model of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
Authors: Martinez-Ramirez Luis , Slate Andrea , Price George D. , Duhaime Ann-Christine , Staley Kevin J. , Costine-Bartell Beth A.
Published: June 2022

To date, post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) research in large-animal models has been limited. Recent advances in neocortical microscopy have made possible new insights into neocortical PTE. However, it is very difficult to engender convincing neocortical PTE in rodents. Thus, large-animal models that develop neocortical PTE may provide useful insights that also can be more comparable to human patients. Because gyrencephalic species have prolonged latent periods, long-term video EEG recording is required. Here, we report a fully subcutaneous EEG implant with synchronized video in freely ambulatory swine for up to 13 months during epileptogenesis following bilateral cortical impact injuries or sham surgery The advantages of this system include the availability of a commercially available system that is simple to install, a low failure rate after surgery for EEG implantation, radiotelemetry that enables continuous monitoring of freely ambulating animals, excellent synchronization to video to EEG, and a robust signal-to-noise ratio. The disadvantages of this system in this species and age are the accretion of skull bone, which entirely embedded a subset of skull screws and EEG electrodes, and the inability to rearrange the EEG electrode array. These disadvantages may be overcome by splicing a subdural electrode strip to the electrode leads so that skull growth is less likely to interfere with long-term signal capture and by placing two implants for a more extensive montage. This commercially available system in this bilateral cortical impact swine model may be useful to a wide range of investigators studying epileptogenesis in PTE.
Vapor phase growth and properties of mixed layered Pb1-xCdxI2 semiconductors
Authors: Rybak O.V. , Chekaylo M.V. , Pokladok N.T.
Published: June 2022

Pb1-xCdxI2 crystals (x = 0.1; 0.9) have been obtained by crystallization from a vapour phase in a closed system at over-stoichiometric iodine vapour pressure. An alloy of CdI2 and PbI2 was used as a source of evaporation. As a result of X-ray diffraction studies, it has been found that the obtained crystals belong to 4H-polytype, the space symmetry group is P63mc. The lattice parameters and the unit cell volume of crystals have been determined: for Pb0.9Cd0.1I2 a = 4,529 Å, c = 13,96 Å, V = 247,9 Å3; for Pb0.1Cd0.9I2 a = 4.258 Å, c = 13.70 Å, V = 215.0 Å3. The morphology of Pb1-xCdxI2 solid solutions crystals has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Grown light orange Pb0.9Cd0.1I2 crystals have the shape of plates and ribbons, the surface of which is sculpted by growth figures. The transparent mixed Pb0.1Cd0.9I2 crystals have been grown from the vapour phase only in the form of plates. The spectral dependences of the optical absorption of Pb1-xCdxI2 crystals at room temperature have been studied. The optical widths of the band gaps of the grown crystals have been determined from the absorption spectra using the Tauc relation.
Quantitative estimate of the contribution of the surface diffusion process to mass transfer during electrochemical deposition of metals
Authors: Nesterenko A.I. , Nesterenko N.G. , Sakhno V.N.
Published: June 2022

In this study, an attempt was made to quantify the contribution of the surface diffusion process to mass transfer during electrochemical deposition of metals. The maximum density of nucleation centers is calculated, at which only diffuse overgrowth of a continuous layer of a new phase is possible. The time of diffusion overgrowth of a continuous monomolecular layer of a new phase is calculated. The results of independent experiments on the determination of boundery diffusion coefficients in a two-layer platinum-nickel thin-film system are analyzed. The value of the boundery diffusion coefficient of nickel at a temperature of 393K was found. The part of mass transfer due to surface diffusion of physically adsorbed atoms in relation to the total mass transfer during electrochemical deposition of metals has been quantified. It is proved that the role of the surface diffusion process in the formation of the coating during electrochemical deposition of metals is insignificant. It is shown that this is an indirect proof of the formation of an amorphous coating structure during electrochemical deposition of metal.
Políticas educativas en la voz de las y los docentes de primaria en Costa Rica: colaboración académica entre el Colegio de Licenciados y Profesores (Colypro) y la División de Educación Básica de la Universidad Nacional
Authors: Barberousse-Alfonso Paulette , Vargas-Dengo Marie-Claire , Quesada-Lacayo Jorge
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the results and conclusions of the module of Educational Policies in the voice of I and II Cycles teachers of Costa Rica Basic General Education during 2019. These products resulted from the academic collaboration between the Costa Rican Teachers Association (COLYPRO) and the Division of Basic Education (DEB) at the National University of Costa Rica (UNA), specifically within the frame of the project titled “Teaching Practices in the Classroom, Teacher’s Voice and Educational Policy: Changes to the School Format” (Code: 0092-18). These results were obtained by implementing an online survey about the 2017 Educational Policy of the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), entitled “The Person, Center of the Educational Process and Transformer of Society” and the document “Teaching for New Citizenship. Curricula Transformation” (Ministry of Education, 2015). The survey addressed various topics, such as the following: knowledge and implementation strategies of the educational policy; degrees of agreement concerning the programs of the basic subjects and their methodologies; evaluative processes; students’ role as protagonists of their learning process; the articulation between the first and second grade; new guidelines of inclusive education; the relationship between family, community, and context; impacts and challenges of new educational policies with respect to the pedagogical practices in the classroom; the vision of the school; as well as the impact on policy formulation and the implementation of the processes of curricular transformation. The article describes, firstly, in general terms, the labor and socio-professional characterization of the survey participants; secondly, it addresses the problematizing nodes of the subject; finally, it proposes an overall assessment of the results obtained.
Procesos de autoevaluación institucional en la UNAN, Managua: revisión de la función de la investigación a través del CNEA y CECAI
Authors: Aburto Garcés Fabrina Anyelit
Published: June 2022

This documentary research adopts institutional evaluation as a strategy to improve the quality and relevance of higher education institutions (IES). This work aims to share the experiences lived at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua, on the implementation of institutional self-assessment processes the CNEA (National Council for Nicaraguan Evaluation and Accreditation) agencies conducted to achieve national accreditation and, in collaboration with the CECAI-UDUAL (Council for International Assessment and Accreditation of the Union of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean), achieve international accreditation.In this sense, we analyzed the process of institutional self-assessment that UNAN – Managua has been developing as part of its institutional policies. Being consistent with country laws and policies, UNAN began the process of institutional self-assessment with the CNEA in 2013 and submitted a voluntary request for self-assessment to obtain accreditation from CECAI - UDUAL in 2019. Currently, the university’s process status is in the stage of checking minimum quality.The study implemented the content analysis method to review various national and international literature sources, as well as institutional documents such as the institutional strategic plan of UNAN-Managua 2015-2019, CNEA documents, UNAN institutional self-assessment reports – Managua, Law 704, 582, and 89. These documents aid in describing the methodological route applied by UNAN - Managua during its institutional evaluation process and the presentation of the research results.
Depredación oportunista del halcón caminero (Rupornis magnirostris) sobre termitas subterráneas aladas (Coptotermes testaceus) en el suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña
Authors: Barbosa Raul Afonso Pommer , Reis Jessica Fernanda Teodoro , Oliveira Marcela Alvares
Published: June 2022

Informamos de la depredación oportunista de Coptotermes testaceus (Rhinotermitidae) por Rupornis magnirostris (Accipitridae). Este comportamiento depredador fue observado durante un estudio de la avifauna en el municipio de Candeias do Jamari, Rondônia, Brasil, en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña. Había una gran abundancia de formas aladas de C. testaceus debido a las fuertes lluvias. Es el momento en que las colonias de C. testaceus producen formas aladas en gran número para fundar nuevas colonias. El aguilucho permaneció en su percha y capturó termitas aladas con poco gasto de energía. El ave en cuestión parecía aprovechar el vuelo de apareamiento de las termitas para alimentarse de forma oportunista de las abundantes termitas aladas durante los vuelos de apareamiento. Aunque la alimentación de insectos por parte de R. magnirostris es bien conocida, ésta es la primera documentación de alimentación de termitas aladas.
Applicability of the LSC technique for determining 210Pb in liquid samples for purposes of dose assessment via in vitro bioassay
Authors: Lucena Camilla da Silva Sampaio , Medeiros Geiza Celeste de Oliveira , Mesquita Sueli Alexandra , Dantas Bernardo Maranhão , Sousa Wanderson Oliveira
Published: June 2022

A new approach for the determination of 210Pb by liquid scintillation counting was developed by the LBIOVT. In order to assess the applicability of the technique for internal monitoring of occupationally exposed workers and members of the public, some probable scenarios for the intake of 210Pb were elaborated and evaluated in this work. The methodology developed provides detection limit values suitable for detecting activities corresponding to committed effective doses below 1 mSv in a variety of scenarios. For members of the public, the time interval between the supposed intake and the collection of the sample could be up to 240 days for daily urine collection or up to 130 days for daily faeces collection. In a monitoring program for occupational exposed workers the methodology developed could be used in a monitoring interval twice an year both for daily urine or faeces collection and the detection limits would still be able to detect activities corresponding to a committed effective doses below the recording level. It is concluded that the methodology developed is suitable to be used for monitoring individual members of the public in case of an accidental exposure or to be used in a monitoring program for occupational exposed workers
Theoretical approaches and Monte Carlo simulations in a clinical proton beam
Authors: N Teles Tarcisio , D Morás Laura , A. Pianoschi Thatiane , T. Pazzianotto Maurício , Bonatto Alexandre
Published: June 2022

Proton therapy is an interesting alternative to conventional radiotherapy, especially for treating localized tumors near important and/or sensitive parts of the human body. Protons, due to their electric charge and mass, interact with the propagating media in such a way that a well localized maximum - known as the Bragg peak - is observed if a depth dose deposition curve is plotted.  Since the Bragg peak location depends on the initial proton energy beam, by adjusting this parameter it can be placed over the tumor to be treated. In addition, because the dose deposition goes to zero right after this peak, the health tissue after the tumor is spared if proton therapy is adopted. However, despite the aforementioned advantages, many issues prevent a wider adoption of proton therapy over radiotherapy. In addition to the very high implementation cost, unsolved technical issues, such as, the uncertainty in the proton beam range within the medium, or the correct dose prediction at the Bragg peak, must be addressed. This research aims to investigate the validity of theoretical approximations for the solution of Bethe equation. Such approaches are compared to results from Monte Carlo simulations, executed with the MCNPX code, and reference values ​​from the literature as well for the proton beam range and the energy deposition in the medium. A parameter is proposed and adopted to quantify the global difference between the theoretical approximations evaluated in this work with respect to the Monte Carlo simulation results.
Reviewing therapy with radioisotopes for pain bone metastasis and its possible evolution
Authors: Coiro Silva Daniel , Jose Meyer Nascimento Roberto
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The therapy with radioisotopes is widely used, its beginnings were focused on thyroid pathologies treatments.  Over the years, the radiopharmaceuticals and/or radioisotopes have had their usage increased, to be used on painful bone metastasis. Material and Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in the major health Science basis to evaluate what the therapies have to offer for patients in this condition. Results: Currently there are only two available materials in Brazil, the Sm153 that is national production, and Ra223, that is imported. Outside Brazil we can find a variety of materials that have already been approved by the Sanitary Organization in other countries, even though we are not authorized to use them due to Brazilian Regulation and production issues. Conclusion: Besides the diversity of materials that could be used, dosimetry systems must be implemented in order to have a more efficient treatment and to have an accurate administrated activities to patients.
How does radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) work
Authors: Daruich de Souza Carla , Kim Jong Bum , Kim Jin Joo , Kim Jin , Ji Wanook , Son Kwang Jae , Choi Sang Mu , Kang Gu Jin , Hong Jin Tae
Published: June 2022

Demand for energy has increasing rapidly in the last decade. In 2021 an increase in 5% was observed. Half of this demand was covered by fossil fuels, increasing CO2 emissions to record levels. With the need for new reliable steady supply sources to be used in places where maintenance is difficult, Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) have been given renewed attention in the past 10 years. RTGs uses radioactive decay to generate electricity. This work presents in a simple manner, the basics of RTG operation, the requirements for construction, and is followed by an example developed at KAERI. Basic Radiation Physics Concepts, RTG configuration requirements, Thermoelectric effect and materials, and calculations for electric power were presented.
Methodology for preparing a reference sample in the air filter matrix
Authors: Fernandes Alessandra dos Santos , De Souza Poliana Santos , Oliveira Estela Maria , Rangel Johnny de Almeida , Sousa Wanderson de Oliveira , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu
Published: June 2022

The proficiency tests are widely used to evaluate the analytical capacity of laboratories and also as part of the accreditation processes. The National Intercomparison Program is a Proficiency Test that uses radioactive    reference materials in soil, vegetation, water and air filters. This work is a study of the choice of composition of radionuclides ideal to be used in the air filters to be produced by LNMRI as reference material for PNI.
Five cocktails composed of different radionuclides chosen for their energies in the range of 30 to 2000 keV were prepared, each cocktail was distributed in three glass fiber air filters using a pantograph using the pycnometer technique, contaminating each filter with 19 (nineteen) drops, totaling fifteen (15) air filter samples, with the objective of homogeneous distribution of the droplets at the sites determined by the geometry chosen without the need for marking in the filters, in order to choose the best composition to be used in the preparation of reference material.
Hospital Readmission Among Late Preterm Infants: New Insights and Remaining Questions
Authors: Kair Laura R. , Goyal Neera K.
Published: June 2022

Late preterm infants (LPIs), those born at 34 to 36 6/7 weeks’ gestation, account for the majority of preterm births (73%).1 Given their physiologic immaturity, LPIs are at increased risk of respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, and other complications in the neonatal period, and are at increased risk of hospital readmission in the first month of life.2 As Amsalu and colleagues describe in this month’s issue of Hospital Pediatrics,3 identification of a predictive model to differentiate LPI at higher risk of complications would help inform tailored discharge plans and prevent readmissions.
Intensity and Duration of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Burden Samuel Joseph , Weedon Benjamin David , Turner Annabelle , Whaymand Luke , Meaney Andy , Dawes Helen , Jones Alexander
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES

There is no clear guidance on the intensity and duration of physical activity (PA) that adolescents require to maximise cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We aimed to determine the strength of associations between each PA intensity and CRF, independently of other intensities, and the PA duration at each intensity associated with maximal CRF.

METHODS

PA and CRF were assessed in 339 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years by wrist-worn accelerometers and 20-m shuttle runs, respectively. Partial regression modeling was used to construct residualized PA variables at each PA intensity that were uncorrelated with each other. Moving average models were optimally fitted to determine relationships between residualized PA variables and CRF. Threshold regression models determined the duration of PA above which CRF improvement was minimal.

RESULTS

Greater vigorous PA (VPA) was associated with better CRF until about 20 minutes of daily VPA, when the relationship plateaued. Moderate and light PA, and sedentary time were not associated with CRF in partial models. Adolescents performing 14 (range 12–17) minutes of daily VPA had median CRF. Participants in the upper quartile of VPA had 1.03 z-scores higher CRF than those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 1.30).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that 20 minutes of daily VPA may be best for maximizing CRF in adolescence. As moderate-to-vigorous PA guidelines can be satisfied by only undertaking moderate PA, with no apparent independent benefit, we suggest that future guidelines focus on VPA alone, simplifying public health messaging.
Association of inferior vena cava diameter ratio with outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Jo Namwoo , Oh Jaehoon , Kang Hyunggoo , Lim Tae Ho , Ko Byuk Sung
Published: June 2022

Objective To examine the association of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter ratio measured using computed tomography with outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).Methods A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive patients with GIB who presented to the emergency department. The IVC diameter ratio was calculated by dividing the maximum transverse and anteroposterior diameters perpendicular to it. The association of the IVC diameter ratio with outcomes was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the IVC diameter ratio was calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity, including the cutoff values, were computed.Results In total, 585 patients were included in the final analysis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.6% (n=27). The IVC diameter ratio was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality in multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.793; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.239–2.597; P=0.002). The AUC of the IVC diameter ratio for in-hospital mortality was 0.616 (95% CI, 0.498–0.735). With a cutoff of the IVC diameter ratio (≥2.1), the sensitivity and specificity for predicting in-hospital mortality were 44% (95% CI, 26%–65%) and 71% (95% CI, 67%–75%), respectively.Conclusion The IVC diameter ratio was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with GIB. However, the AUC of the IVC diameter ratio for in-hospital mortality was low.
Los Prodigios y Portentos en la República Romana durante su expansión en el Mediterráneo (214-171 a.C.), de acuerdo a Tito Livio
Authors: Mora Iglesias Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

Este artículo contiene el recuento e interpretación simbólica, de los prodigios y de los portentos registrados por el historiador romano Tito Livio, para el período clave de la expansión Romana al Este: las primeras dos guerras macedónicas. Este periodo coincide con una parte muy importante de la Segunda Guerra Púnica (218-291 a.C.) También se hace un análisis simbólico de algunas de estas manifestaciones sobrenaturales.
La trascendencia como condición de hominización en la antropología filosófica de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Martínez Vásquez Luis Arturo
Published: June 2022

El concepto de hominización en los escritos de Ignacio Ellacuría (1930-1989) tiene como punto de partida el paso de la filosofía tomista a la antropología trascendental propuesta por su maestro Karl Rahner en la que, en el proceso de aprehensión, el sujeto cognoscente y el objeto del conocimiento se imbrican mutuamente. De esta manera, se trata de sostener que la ontología fundamental propuesta por Rahner y el dinamismo del ser humano son puntos de partida para la construcción ellacuriana de una antropología filosófica en una etapa posterior de su pensamiento.
Comunicación y Lenguaje: educación literaria mediante la aplicación de técnicas didácticas virtuales
Authors: Monge Lezcano Fiorella
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo se propone analizar las técnicas didácticas de aprendizaje colaborativo y portafolio a partir de una reflexión teórico-metodológica en relación con el desempeño académico del estudiantado del Curso Integrado de Humanidades I y II, Sección de Comunicación y Lenguaje en la Sede del Sur de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante los meses de marzo a octubre 2020. En la Sección de Comunicación y Lenguaje, se ha observado la dinámica de la comprensión lectora por parte de la población universitaria de Estudios Generales con respecto a la redacción de los análisis literarios basados en el proceso de comunicación entre pares y los siguientes ejes temáticos: la lectura crítica de los entornos culturales con un enfoque humanista. Se concluye que el estudiantado de Comunicación y Lenguaje, a partir del desarrollo de las actividades de clase en las aulas virtuales, se expresó con base en sus propios procesos analíticos y de escritura al momento de emitir los criterios en relación con las lecturas estudiadas.
Educación desde lo real: ser y quehacer de los Seminarios de Realidad Nacional de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Castillo Gaitán Bernardo
Published: June 2022

El texto ofrece a la comunidad universitaria de la Universidad de Costa Rica un resumen del ser y quehacer de los Seminarios de Realidad Nacional con la finalidad reflexionar y orientar tanto a los y las estudiantes como a los y las docentes en este tema. Se expone que la finalidad de estos cursos es educar desde lo real a partir de las nueve áreas problemas que se consideran como componentes de la realidad de las cuales se presenta una síntesis. Se explica que los Seminarios de Realidad Nacional son parte de la formación humanista de los Estudios Generales que integran las tres acciones esenciales de la Universidad de Costa Rica: la docencia, la investigación y la acción social. Se concluye que en los cursos de Seminarios de Realidad I y II los y las estudiantes profundizan en el análisis de realidad del país para responder y proponer soluciones científicas, viables y comprometidas con las comunidades.
Testimonio y revolución. Un análisis de la novela La montaña es más que una inmensa estepa verde de Omar Cabezas
Authors: Astorga Sánchez Leonardo
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo se propone analizar la manera en cómo la literatura testimonial fue un elemento clave en el proceso de legitimación de gobiernos revolucionarios, por tal razón, se estudia el caso de la novela publicada por Omar Cabezas, ex guerrillero sandinista, que fue publicada durante los años en que el gobierno del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional llevaba a cabo su proyector durante la década de 1980. Asimismo, el análisis parte del hecho de que toda revolución busca crear nuevas formas de hacer y ver el mundo, siendo la literatura uno de los campos en donde se lleva a cabo tal esfuerzo. Por último, se destaca el papel jugado por la juventud en un contexto de radicalización durante la Guerra Fría.
Mediación pedagógica para la enseñanza de filosofía en la escuela de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Rodrigo Facio (I Ciclo, 2022)
Authors: Ortega Álvarez Alejandro
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo es una propuesta de Mediación Pedagógica para los docentes de la Sección de Filosofía y Pensamiento de la Universidad de Costa Rica del primer ciclo lectivo 2022. La misma se realiza desde la teoría de algunos intelectuales representativos de la Complejidad y de otras teorías educativas actuales. Particularmente, sobresale el aporte de Humberto Maturama, como representante de la Biopedagogía, en la utilización de la “autopoiesis” como concepto fundamental para entender la práctica pedagógica como fuente de la libertad y creatividad en los aprendientes del quehacer filosófico a partir del funcionamiento de los sistemas vivos. A partir de esos aportes y otros, el autor realiza unas propuestas concretas para la elaboración de estrategias pedagógicas en el curso de Filosofía de la mencionada Sección de la Escuela de Estudios Generales de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Autoconocimiento y corporalidad: Un camino de conciencia y apropiación del cuerpo como herramienta expresiva en la interpretación
Authors: Bautista Díaz Roberto C.
Published: June 2022

Este artículo comparte una experiencia docente en la enseñanza de la expresión corporal en el marco de la virtualidad. La propuesta metodológica y los ejercicios que se exponen reflejan la impronta a partir de la cual tuvimos que replantearnos objetivos y contenidos en el trabajo corporal a partir de la mediación tecnológica y la presencia remota, lo cual sugiere un cambio de paradigma para los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La propuesta expone un recorrido hacia la apropiación del cuerpo como herramienta expresiva en estudiantes de tercer semestre de la carrera de Artes Dramáticas, a la vez que reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de la ausencia del cuerpo-presente en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
COVID-19 y ocio. El caso de Costa Rica
Authors: Fumero-Vargas Patricia
Published: June 2022

Se estudia el ocio y la recreación durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Costa Rica con el objetivo de estudiar las rutinas y la recreación realizadas por la población costarricense. Se parte de un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia que fue respondido por 423 personas mayores de 18 años. Se caracteriza la población por edad, género, nivel educativo, profesión/ocupación e ingreso con el objetivo de establecer sus patrones y a partir de tales datos se establece su relación con el tipo de entretenimiento, el deporte y su motivación, así como las aficiones.
Lo viral y el espiral de lo efímero
Authors: Múnera Montoya Juan Carlos
Published: June 2022

Este artículo pretende ser una reflexión que aborda el fenómeno de lo viral tan en boga en hoy en día. El fenómeno en cuestión se ha venido estructurando en las últimas tres décadas especialmente en todos los medios de comunicación masiva, gracias al uso de internet y las redes sociales. Como objetivo se pretende analizar este fenómeno con relación a la descripción de la Modernidad Líquida en la teoría de Zygmunt Bauman para comprender su origen, alcances e impactos actuales. En primer lugar, se explican algunos ejemplos de la presencia de lo viral en internet, redes sociales y en los medios de comunicación tradicional. En segundo lugar, se aborda el surgimiento y el significado de este fenómeno. En un tercer momento, se analiza el fenómeno viral desde la Modernidad Líquida. Y, por último, se indican algunas implicaciones o efectos de lo viral, además de considerar que el fenómeno responde especialmente al sensacionalismo que alimenta emociones súbitas y pasajeras.
Carmen Lyra: Entre la despolitización, la asimilación y la integración
Authors: Robles Murillo Keylor
Published: June 2022

El objetivo general de este artículo consiste en analizar la figura de María Isabel Carvajal, conocida como Carmen Lyra, escritora costarricense, desde su experiencia como militante de agrupaciones de izquierda. Para este fin, en primer lugar, se describe el contexto social, político, económico y cultural en el cual Lyra desarrolló su praxis literaria y política en relación con las luchas sociales en las que se incorporó. En segundo lugar, se estudian los reconocimientos póstumos brindados a esta costarricense. Finalmente, se aportan las principales conclusiones obtenidas a partir del análisis concatenado.
Guidelines and Implications of Fish Slaughtering in the Ensuring of Welfare and Product Quality
Authors: BOARU Anca , STRUȚI Dănuț , GEORGESCU Bogdan
Published: June 2022

The constant and accelerated increase of world fish production through the expansion of fisheries and the development of aquaculture has also generated a higher interest in animal welfare. In the present, is proven that the fish welfare is a factor that influences the quality of the product and the practices of capture and slaughter, which can compromise these attributes. The harvesting and suppressing life methods give to the biochemical processes of fish meat some particularities, as a result of the stressor to which it is subjected by tracking, agglomeration, space restriction and asphyxiation. In the view of all, it is important to correctly identify procedures that improve both the welfare of the fish and the quality of the product. In this review, there are highlighted some of the stunning and slaughter methods of fish used in the aquaculture or capture fisheries, focusing on the human agreed standards and international organizations. There are recommendations in this sense for operations prior to slaughter and the possibility of developing and implementing new methods, by country and species of fish. In this sense, the brain puncture stands out as a more humane method of slaughtering fish, which also improves the quality of the product.
Methods of Improving Reproductive Parameters in Sheep and The Major Genes Associated with Prolificacy: A Review
Authors: DEAC Alexandru Marius , MUSCĂ Adriana Sebastiana , AIPĂTIOAIE Marius Gavril , COŞIER Viorica , ZĂHAN Marius
Published: June 2022

Farm profitability is heavily influenced by reproductive capacity. Fertility, prolificacy, and fecundity are all indicators of reproductive efficiency. In sheep with high economic value, prolificacy is a key reproduction parameter (Notter, 2008). Because most sheep breeds are monotocous, similar to Mouflon wild sheep (Garel et al., 2005), improving fecundity is a serious concern (Tang et al., 2019). This review aims to study genes and the genetic means of improving sheep reproduction parameters. Numerous mutations in the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily have been reported to influence sheep reproductive parameters. As a result, molecular genetics and marker-assisted selection (MAS) are essential in improving reproduction efficiency. If these mutations are not present in the population, introgression of the beneficial mutations to indigenous breeds is possible. Because within-breed selection has been considered relatively inefficient, due to the low heritability of the trait, crossbreeding of native breeds with prolific breeds has been the major means of genetically improving prolificacy. Studying fecundity genes is important in order to increase production efficiency and stabilizing optimal litter sizes. Different studies based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which are called genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and also proteomic studies, transcriptome analysis, and mitochondrial DNA analysis have revealed further genetic variation with medium or minor effects on reproduction.
Preliminary Pollen Grain Characterization of Several Apple and Plum Varieties
Authors: POPA Vlad Ioan , BĂDULESCU Liliana , IORDĂCHESCU Mihaela , UDRIȘTE Anca Amalia
Published: June 2022

Palynology is one of the most used methods to determine the species of different plants. It acts like a fingerprint, being unique to each plant species. The aim of this paper was to observe differences both at morphological level and from the pollen viability point of view of 21 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and 19 plum (Prunus domestica L.) varieties, differences that can be correlated with genotype variation in further genotyping research, with the final goal of using these results as a basis for genotype-assisted breeding programs. Pollen grain (PG) morphology was assessed using a Scanning Electron Microscope and pollen viability was analyzed using in vitro germination. This study demonstrated significant differences in both the size of PGs and the percentage of viable pollen through in vitro germination. Among the apple varieties, Belle de Boskoop presented the largest PGs, and among the plum varieties Timpurii de Țurlești. Aura apple variety had the lowest viability percentage.
An apparent breakdown of Vf resistance occurring in an apple orchard in Bistrita area
Authors: ROȘU-MAREȘ Smaranda Doina , GUZU Georgeta Maria , ZAGRAI Ioan , PUIA Carmen
Published: June 2022

Scab resistance through the Rvi6 gene was largely used in Romanian breeding programs including those from Fruit Research & Development Station (FRDS) Bistrita. The aim of the study was to verify the efficacy of the resistance due to the Vf gene under the current conditions in the Bistrita area. Three scab resistant apple cultivars bred at FRDS Bistrita were monitored in the field, in comparison with the Rvi6 ‘Florina’ and ‘Prima’ cvs., and the sensitive ‘Idared’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ cvs. Molecular markers (AM-19, U1₄₀₀ and AL07) were used in PCR to check the presence of the Rvi6 gene in the genome of the three Romanian varieties. During the years 2019-2021, scab lesions appeared on all the resistant cultivars studied. PCR results showed the presence of Rvi6 gene on ‘Bistritean’, ‘Salva’, ‘Aura’, ‘Prima’ and ‘Florina’ genoms. The results suggest a possible breakdown of the resistance given by the Rvi6 gene in the current ecological conditions in this area. Scab symptoms occurring on cultivars that have the Rvi6 gene could lead to the hypothesis that different scab races are now present in our area or that some genetic variations occurred on the existing races so that they overcome Rvi6 gene.
The Impact of Agroecological Practices on the Biodiversity of Arthropod Fauna in Târnave Vineyard
Authors: TOMOIAGĂ Liliana Lucia , POP Andreea Elena , COMȘA Maria , CHEDEA Veronica Sanda
Published: June 2022

In viticultural ecosystems, considered energy-intensive systems, the amplification of biocoenotic imbalances with the onset of pest explosions, is a problem and also an evidence of the biodiversity’s decline. In this study the biodiversity was quantified in Târnave vineyard, in the period 2016-2018, in the experimental plots of SCDVV Blaj cultivated with the Fetească regală cultivar, for two cultivation technologies, the extensive agroecological (EA) and the intensive conventional (IC). The determined biodiversity characterization indicators were: the species richness, Simpson biodiversity index (D), Shanon biodiversity index (H) and Equity index (E). In case of the Heteroptera group EA technology doubled the number of the arthropods (11.333 ± 0.882 for EA versus 5.33 ± 1.453 for IC). The reverse effect was observed for Coleoptera were in the case of EA it was found a taxa richness of 8.667 ± 0.882 and for IC one of 15.667 ± 1.764. Considering the increase of the number of useful species from the order Heteroptera in the agroecological variant compared to the conventional variant, we consider that the implementation of the agroecological technology for a longer period (5-10 years) can be a long-term solution that will contribute to reducing the risk induced by the intensive practices, while reducing the dependence of culture on conventional energy resources.
The Influence of Substrate Types and Bio-phyto-modulators on Spruce Seed Germination and Seedling Development (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)
Authors: SÎNGEORZAN Steluța Maria , PĂCURAR Ioan , MORAR Irina M. , TRUTA Alina M. , ALBERT Carmen N. , CRIVEANU Horia , HOLONEC Liviu
Published: June 2022

Spruce is a European native coniferous species, spreading over the area in between The Carpathian Mountains and the Alps, up to the northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the future, spruce forests will have to cope with the growing climate change that is already threatening their natural habitats. This study has focused on the spruce seed germination process and seedlings growth under the influence of DEA (Water Energizing Device) bio-phyto-modulators. The biological material under analysis consists of spruce seeds selected from four Romanian sources included in the National Catalogue of Basic Materials for Generating Forestry Reproduction Material. Five different substrates were used for tasting germination capacity, with two different treatments (distilled water and energized water). Analyzing the treatments used it can be notice that subjecting the seeds to energized water treatment led to a higher germination capacity than in the case of those watered with distilled water (40-94%) and, respectively (24-84%). The seedlings growth was also higher in the case of those springing from the energized water treated seeds (2.45-4.23 cm) than from those springing from the distilled water treated seeds (2.07 cm-3.14 cm). The differences in germination capacity, growth and development were observed for all the provenances. Applying DEA bio-phyto-modulators has proven beneficial, with noticeable differences for both germination capacity and seedlings growth.
Efeitos da recessão econômica na mortalidade por suicídio no Brasil: análise com séries temporais interrompidas
Authors: Figueiredo Daniela Cristina Moreira Marculino de , Sanchéz-Villegas Pablo , Figueiredo Alexandre Medeiros de , Moraes Ronei Marcos de , Daponte-Codina Antonio , Schmidt Filho Ricardo , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: June 2022

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as tendências nas taxas de suicídio no Brasil, no período antes e depois do início da recessão econômica. Métodos: estudo de séries temporais interrompidas utilizando dados nacionais de suicídio registrados no período entre 2012 e 2017 com análises por subgrupos socioeconômicos. Modelo de regressão quasi-Poisson foi empregado para analisar as tendências dos dados ajustados sazonalmente. Resultados: observou-se aumento abrupto no risco de suicídio após recessão econômica na população com menor escolaridade (12,5%; RR = 1,125; IC95%:1,027; 1,232) e na Região Sul (17,7%; 1,044; 1,328). Após redução abrupta, ocorreu aumento progressivo no risco para a população de pretos e pardos e na de maior escolaridade. Na maioria dos demais estratos populacionais, verificou-se aumento progressivo no risco de suicídio. Conclusões: a recessão econômica brasileira produziu efeitos diferentes nas taxas de suicídio, considerando os estratos sociais, o que demanda estratégias de saúde e políticas sensíveis às populações mais vulneráveis.