bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tragverhalten und Einsatz breiter SG‐Silikonverklebungen
Authors: Fildhuth Thiemo , Scheible Florian , Luible Andreas , Walach Raphael
Published: December 2021

SSG‐Silikonverklebungen werden meist gemäß ETAG 002‐1 ausgelegt, wobei die Klebfugeneigenschaften auf Tests an einer Querschnittsgeometrie 12 × 12 mm beruhen. Bei anspruchsvollen Glasanwendungen resultieren aus der Bemessung aber oft Klebfugen mit anderen Seitenverhältnissen und größerer Breite. Die Geometrie der Verklebung hat jedoch einen Einfluss auf deren Steifigkeit, da sich der Spannungszustand in der Fuge abhängig vom Seitenverhältnis verändert. An der HSLU Luzern und im Rahmen des Projektes VoltAir an der TU Darmstadt in Zusammenarbeit mit Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering durchgeführte Zugversuche an H‐Prüfkörpern mit Silikonverklebungen mit Seitenverhältnissen bis 3: 1 zeigen eine anwachsende Fugensteifigkeit mit zunehmendem Seitenverhältnis. Diese Ergebnisse ermöglichen Vorschläge zur Berücksichtigung der Klebfugengeometrie bei der Bemessung von SG‐verklebten Glaskonstruktionen.

Load‐bearing behaviour and use of wide SG‐silicone bondings. The mechanical adhesive and bond properties of structural silicones for SSG‐type joints are typically determined via tests on H‐specimens with a bond cross section of 12 × 12 mm according to ETAG 002‐1. However, dimensioning of ambitious structural glazing applications often results in different bond aspect ratios with increased width. As the stress state in the bond varies depending on the aspect ratio, the joint geometry affects the bond stiffness. Tensile tests on H‐specimens performed at the HSLU Lucerne and also within the project VoltAir at the TU Darmstadt together with Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering reveal an increase in bond stiffness with rising bond aspect ratio. Based on these results, the bond aspect ratio influence can be taken into account for the dimensioning of SG‐silicone joints.
Design, Engineering und Montage von Glaskonstruktionen in Kanada
Authors: Teich Martien
Published: December 2021

Der Place Ville Marie befindet sich im Herzen von Montreal, direkt am Boulevard René‐Lévesque. Dieser Platz wurde renoviert, um so zu einem der beliebtesten städtischen Treffpunkte Montreals zu werden. Aus den vormals vier Lichtkuppeln wurde ein großer zentraler Eingangspavillon aus Glas geschaffen, der einen direkten Zugang in den daruntergelegenen Bereich bietet. Zur Leistung von seele gehörte die Planung und Montage des 45 × 15 m großen Glasdaches, das sich ca. 1,2 m über dem Boden befindet. Das etwa 680 m2 große Dach besteht aus 15 × 2,5 m großen Isolierglasscheiben. Diese werden von Glasträgern aus 8 × 12 mm Verbundsicherheitsgläsern (VSG) aus teilvorgespanntem Glas (TVG) mit einer Höhe von 900 mm getragen. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrages werden Besonderheiten der Konstruktion und Montage diskutiert. Für die Verbindungstechnik wird beispielsweise eine Kombination aus Bolzen‐ und Einlaminiertechnik verwendet. Im Eingangsbereich kragen Glasschwerter mehrere Meter aus und stellen damit besondere Anforderungen an die Statik. Um die hohen Schneelasten abzutragen, werden in diesem Sonderbereich 14‐fach‐Laminate verwendet.

Design Engineering and Installation of Glass Structures in Canada. The Place Ville Marie is located in the heart of Montreal, directly on the Boulevard René‐Lévesque. This square has been renovated to become one of the most popular urban meeting places in Montreal. The former four dome lights were transformed into a large central glass entrance pavilion that provides direct access to the area below. seele's services included the planning and installation of the 45 × 15 m glass roof, which is located approx. 1.2 m above the ground. The approximately 680 m2 roof consists of 15 m × 2.5 m insulated glass panels. The regular roof panels are supported by 8 × 12 mm laminated safety glass panels with a height of 900 mm. In the context of this article, special features of construction and installation are discussed. For example, a combination of bolting and laminating techniques is used for the joining technique. In the entrance area, glass beams cantilever several metres and thus place special demands on the statics. In order to bear the high snow loads, 14‐ply laminates are used in this special area.
Beitrag zur Ermittlung von Temperaturen in Dreischeiben‐Isolierverglasungen infolge solarer Einstrahlung
Authors: Fleckenstein Elena , Bukieda Paulina , Rücker Sebastian , Fischer Frank , Weller Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Steigende Anforderungen an den Wärmeschutz führen zu komplexen Glasaufbauten, welche das thermische Verhalten der Verglasung beeinflussen. Vor allem bei Floatgläsern in Dreischeiben‐Isolierverglasungen kann dies zu Glasbrüchen führen. Planern fehlen fundierte Ansätze für die Berechnung der Scheibentemperaturen und für die Nachweise thermischer Belastungen. Bauphysikalische Simulationsprogramme berechnen Scheibentemperaturen, allerdings ist deren Einsatz für den Bereich der thermischen Belastungen nicht vollständig geklärt. Im Rahmen einer Studie wurden Scheibentemperaturen an Dreischeiben‐Isolierverglasungen infolge solarer Strahlung und unterschiedlicher Verschattungen aufgezeichnet und mit verschiedenen Simulationsprogrammen abgeglichen.

Determination of the pane temperatures due to solar radiation. Increasing demands on thermal insulation lead to complex glass structures, which influence the thermal behaviour of the glazing. This can lead to glass breakage, especially in the case of float glass in triple insulating glass units. Planners lack well‐founded approaches for the calculation of the pane temperatures and for the proof of thermal loads. Building physics simulation programs calculate pane temperatures, but their use for the area of thermal loads has not been fully clarified. Within this study, pane temperatures on triple insulating glass units were recorded as a result of solar radiation and different shading situations and compared with various simulation programs.
N46 – Tageslichtlenkung aus Dünnglas
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen , Baumgartner Marco
Published: December 2021

Im Rahmen der Masterarbeit, die in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Josef Ressel Zentrum für Dünnglastechnologie für Anwendungen im Bauwesen entstand, wurde ein Bestandsobjekt aus dem 19. Jahrhundert revitalisiert und zu einem modernen Bürogebäude umfunktioniert. Dazu wurde ein Tageslichtleitsystem implementiert, das den Innenhof überdacht und gleichzeitig diesen zum zentralen Repräsentations‐ und Kommunikationsort macht. Neben der räumlichen Funktion dient der Innenhof als thermischer Pufferraum und darüber hinaus kann durch die Verwendung von Dünnglas und dessen Materialeigenschaften ein zusätzlicher Mehrwert erzielt werden. Die frei geformte Geometrie profitiert von der erhöhten Steifigkeit durch die gekrümmte Form, die abhängig von der Materialdicke durch die Krümmungsradien reglementiert ist. Die Krümmung übt einen direkten Einfluss auf das Reflexionsverhalten aus, das den Lichttransport von natürlichem Licht ins Rauminnere beeinflusst und somit eine Verminderung der elektrischen Beleuchtung für die Büroräume ermöglicht.

N46 – daylight control made of thin glass. As part of the master's thesis, which was created in cooperation with the Josef Ressel Center for Thin Glass Technology for Structural Glass, an existing building from the 19th century was revitalized and converted into a modern office building. For this purpose, a daylight system was implemented that roofs the inner courtyard and at the same time makes it the central place of representation and communication. In addition to the spatial function, the inner courtyard serves as a thermal buffer room and additional value can be achieved by using thin glass and its material properties. The free‐form geometry benefits from the increased stiffness due to the curved shape, which is regulated by the radii of curvature depending on the material thickness. The curvature has a direct influence on the reflection behavior, which influences the light transport of natural light into the interior of the room and thus enables a reduction in electrical lighting for the office space.
Konstitutive Modellierung der Bruchfragmente thermisch vorgespannter Gläser innerhalb der Plastizitätstheorie – Experiment und Numerik
Authors: Kraus Michael , Pauli Alexander
Published: December 2021

Die numerische Modellierung des Tragverhaltens von Verbundglas (VG) im vollständig gebrochenen Zustand ist hochaktuell. Allerdings gibt es dafür derzeit nur wenige Simulationsansätze. Neben den Eigenschaften der polymeren Zwischenschicht und der Adhäsion zwischen Glas und Zwischenschicht, sind die Tragwirkung der Glasfragmente untereinander zu berücksichtigen. Für die konstitutive Modellierung werden im Rahmen dieses Beitrags plastische Materialmodelle anhand von Daten aus Rahmenscherversuchen an Glasfragmenten kalibriert und numerisch simuliert. Durch die numerische Abbildung dieses Tragmechanismus liefert der Artikel einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur numerischen Modellierung von gebrochenem VG aus thermisch vorgespannten Gläsern.

Constitutive modeling of fracture fragments of thermally pre‐stressed glasses within the theory of plasticity – experiment and numerical investigations. The numerical modeling of the load‐bearing behaviour of laminated glass in the fully broken fractured state is highly topical. However, there are currently only few simulation approaches for this. In addition to the properties of the polymeric interlayer and the adhesion between glass and interlayer, the load‐bearing effect of the glass fragments on each other must be considered. For constitutive modeling purposes, plastic material models are calibrated and used within numerical simulations within this paper using data from frame shear tests on glass fragments. By providing a numerical simulation approach of this load bearing mechanism, the article provides a significant contribution to the numerical modeling of broken laminated glass from thermally toughened pre‐stressed glasses.
Klimaeffiziente Gebäudehüllen – Planungsszenarien im architektonischen Kontext
Authors: Albus Jutta , Rehnig Lena
Published: December 2021

Schwerpunkt der Forschungsaktivitäten der Juniorprofessur Ressourceneffizientes Bauen an der TU Dortmund zum Thema Glas besteht darin, das Material als Werkstoff analog seinen Eigenschaften in den architektonischen Entwurf zu integrieren und dadurch einen optimierten Verbrauch von Energie und Ressourcen sowohl im Planungs‐ und Bauprozess, als auch während der Betriebsphase eines Gebäudes zu erreichen. Unter Mitwirkung bei der Entwicklung von energieeffizienten Einflussfaktoren liegt der Fokus unserer Forschungsarbeit auf neuartigen Technologien und industriellen Fertigungsmethoden, welche die Umsetzung von innovativen Lösungsansätzen ermöglichen und dabei einen ganzheitlichen und integralen Architektur‐ und Planungsansatz verfolgen.

Climate‐efficient building envelope – planning scenarios in an architectural context. Focus of the glass research and related activities of the Junior Professorship for Resource‐Efficient Building Construction at Technical University of Dortmund is to integrate the material analogous to its properties into the architectural context. Thus, an optimized consumption of energy and resources during the planning and building process can be achieved. Focusing on new technologies and industrial production methods that enable the implementation of innovative solutions and contribute to the development of energy‐efficient factors, our research work adopts a holistic and integrative approach for architecture and planning. In this context, a design for a prototypical shelter building was developed by students as a main task of a seminar. With the support of industry and research experts, the architectural ideas were progressed up to construction documentation for a potential mock‐up during the semester 2019/20.
Ermittlung und Evaluation des interlaminaren Schubmoduls von Polyvinylbutyral mit faseroptischen Sensoren
Authors: Weimar Thorsten , Hammer Christian
Published: December 2021

Faseroptische Sensoren ermöglichen die kontinuierliche Messung von Verformungs‐ und Dehnungszuständen in Verbundgläsern unter statischer Belastung sowohl auf der Glasoberfläche als auch in der polymeren Zwischenschicht. Nach der bereits am Lehrstuhl für Tragkonstruktion der Universität Siegen durchgeführten Kalibrierung der faseroptischen Dehnungsmessung für Oberflächen aus Monoglas erfolgt in weiterführenden Untersuchungen die Quantifizierung mechanischer Kennwerte für polymere Zwischenschichten in Verbundglas als Grundlage für die numerische Simulation. Ergänzend zu diskret messenden Systemen, wie beispielsweise Dehnungsmessstreifen, ist die kontinuierlich messende optische Fasersensorik besonders zur Bestimmung des interlaminaren Schubmoduls geeignet. Die vorgestellte Studie zeigt die Ableitung des Schubmoduls von Polyvinylbutyral im Bauteilversuch sowie deren Evaluation am Finite‐Elemente‐Modell.

Determination and evaluation of the interlaminar shear modulus of polyvinyl butyral with fibre optic sensors. The method of fibre optic strain measurement based on Rayleigh signal analysis enables the detection of the deformation behaviour of laminated glass and the modelling of its load‐bearing characteristics. The measurement system is already calibrated for glass surfaces by studies at the Institute of Structural Design at Universität Siegen. In addition to discretely measuring systems, such as strain gauges, the distributed measurement system is particularly suitable for determining the interlaminar shear modulus. The sensors used in bending tests on laminated glass supplement the deformation measurements taken with strain gauges and inductive displacement sensors. The study describes the results of the shear modulus of viscoelastic interlayers made of Polyvinylbutyral and provides the basis to define and evaluate a model for the finite element analysis.
Resilient bauen – Fassaden, Strukturen und Prozesse
Authors: Heusler Winfried , Arztmann Daniel , Kadija Ksenija
Published: December 2021

Unsere gebaute Umwelt und die Baubranche unterliegen externen Gefahren, aus denen häufig Störungen entstehen. Diese können wiederum Krisen oder dauerhafte Veränderungen zur Folge haben. Für resiliente Fassaden und Unternehmen der Fassadenbranche ist das kein Problem, sondern eine Chance. Sie verhalten sich antizipations‐ und reaktionsfähig. Mit ihrer Robustheit, Redundanz und Austauschfähigkeit stabilisieren sie ihre Strukturen nach abrupten Störungen. Bei dauerhaften Veränderungen wechseln sie – auf Basis ihrer Adaptions‐ und Transformationsfähigkeit – in einen neuen Gleichgewichtszustand mit veränderten Strukturen. Entscheidend ist das Zusammenspiel von Menschen, Prozessen, Technologien, Tools, Produkten und Dienstleistungen.

Resilient constructing – facades, structures and processes. Our built environment and the construction industry are subject to external hazards that often cause disturbances. These can in turn lead to crises or permanent changes. For resilient facades and companies in the facade industry this is not a problem, but an opportunity. They are able to anticipate and react. With their robustness, redundancy and exchangeability, they stabilise their structures after abrupt disturbances. In the event of permanent changes, they change – on basis of their ability to adapt and transform – into a new state of balance with changed structures. The interaction of people, processes, technologies, tools, products and services is crucial.
Cytological and histological findings of upper tract mucinous urothelial carcinoma with clear cell component: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Uraoka Naohiro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Shibata Jun , Nobuhiro Ryosuke , Saito Yoichi , Taniyama Daiki , Hanamoto Masanori , Nose Hiroyuki , Oue Naohide
Published: December 2021

Mucinous urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare variant and only 18 cases of mucinous UC have been reported. In this article, we report a case of mucinous UC focusing on both cytological and histological findings. A 92‐year‐old female was referred to our hospital because of gross hematuria. Clinical computed tomography scan showed 2.2‐cm papillary lesion in the lower part of the left ureter. Urine cytology was performed, and cytopathological findings showed that there were a few atypical cells with pale to clear cytoplasm, and a low amount of mucin in the background was identified by periodic acid‐schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) staining. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy of left renal pelvis and ureter was performed. The gross examination revealed that a white‐gray, papillary‐sessile tumor was found in the lower part of the left ureter. Histologically, conventional high grade UC cells were seen in some areas, and tumor cells in other areas showed abundant clear cytoplasm with extracellular and intracytoplasmic mucin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were positive for CK7, CK20, p63, GATA3, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC and negative for MUC6 and CDX2. Histopathological diagnosis was mucinous UC with clear cell component, and the pathological stage was pT1N0M0. The patient has remained well and disease‐free for 3 months after the operation. Familiarity and recognizing the characteristic pathological findings of mucinous UC are important because it represents a malignant neoplasm.
Delivering a Nutritionally Enhanced Tilapia Fillet Using a Pre‐Harvest Phase Omega‐3 Thraustochytrids Protist Enriched Diet
Authors: Davies Simon J. , Roderick Eric , Brudenell‐Bruce Thomas , Bavington Charles D. , Hartnett Finnian , Hyland John , de Souza Valente Cecília , Wan Alex H. L.
Published: December 2021

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) offers an affordable food source to many low‐income consumers. However, farmed tilapia has drawn much criticism over the low omega‐3 (n‐3) and high omega‐6 (n‐6) lipid levels. Subsequently, it has been questioned whether it is truly healthy food. This study fed tilapia with a specialized “finishing” diet with the inclusion of commercial Thraustochytrids protist biomass and oil before the harvestable fish size. The fish are fed with two different dietary regimes over 6 weeks. One is a commercially available tilapia feed used as a reference. The second diet is composed of an exclusive oil source from Thraustochytrids protist (HI‐n3). The results show that HI‐ n3 has significantly increased the fillet n‐3 content by 400% in comparison to commercial diet (COM) after Week 6 of feeding. Specifically, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n‐3) content is the attributing fatty acid for the n‐3 increase. This is particularly evident when DHA is expressed as a percentage of total lipid content. The n‐3:n‐6 ratio increased in tilapia fed with the HI‐n3 diet attributed to the DHA accumulation. The investigation shows that it is possible to favorably “lipid tailor” tilapia before harvest.

Practical applications: The practical application of this technique is to enrich farmed tilapia with a high dietary omega‐3 (n‐3) Thraustochytrids protist oil source for a short‐term period before harvesting. It is an objective that the fillet product would be more functional in its nutritional content by supplying more than just high‐quality protein for consumers. This would have paramount implications for low‐income consumers, where high n‐3 oil foods are not readily available or affordable (e.g., landlocked nations). Furthermore, tilapia is widely consumed in China and Southeast Asian countries but is also promoted as a high nutritional value food source in the western hemisphere. This investigation advocates the ability to change the image of this fish species by a simple dietary manipulation. In an era of elevated intake of omega 6 (n‐6) fatty acids food sources, n‐3 rich fish is a vital balance to counter this negative trend in human health.
Pain, disability, and lifestyle: Patients with complex regional pain syndrome compared to chronic musculoskeletal pain—A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kindl Gudrun , Teichmüller Karolin , Escolano‐Lozano Fabiola , Birklein Frank , Rittner Heike L.
Published: December 2021

Background

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an orphan disease occurring as a complication after trauma. Due to its acute onset and the typical clinical presentation of the inflammatory and autonomous signs, it is an eye‐catching chronic pain disease affecting also young and working people. In social media and the internet, high pain severity and the unfavourable prognosis are often empathized.

Methods

Here, we compared epidemiological, pain and lifestyle factors of 223 CPRS patients from the “ncRNAPain” cohort with 255 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSK). MSK patients were recruited at the beginning of a multimodal pain therapy programme. We searched for factors predicting pain intensity.

Results

Both chronic pain diseases affected women in middle age. Patients with MSK were more obese, drank more alcohol, and were less educated (Pearson chi‐square Test or Mann–Whitney/U‐Test). Both groups smoked more than healthy people in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Mann–Whitney/U‐Test confirmed that CRPS patients did not have more severe pain and did not suffer more from pain‐related disability than patients with MSK. CRPS patients also had less psychiatric comorbidities. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that group assignment, depressive characteristics, body mass index, average alcohol consumption and smoking predicted higher pain ratings, while disease duration, anxiety symptoms or gender had no influence on pain intensity.

Conclusion

In summary, our study supports a more optimistic view on pain in CRPS patients in comparison to MSK and identifies lifestyle factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology like smoking and drinking. Important next steps are the identification of CRPS patients at risk for chronification or—vice versa—with protective factors for pain resolution.

Significance

This study compares complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and chronic musculoskeletal pain and questions previously reported pain, disability and lifestyle factors associated with CRPS.
Functional activity of peptide ion channels in tethered bilayer lipid membranes: Review
Authors: Guidelli Rolando , Becucci Lucia
Published: December 2021

Ion transport across biomembranes plays a major role in living cells. This fundamental function is normally carried out by molecules with both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic side (amphiphilic molecules), which aggregate within the membrane forming a hydrophilic pore (the ion channel) permitting the selective translocation of permeant ions. Countless papers report the conformation of these ion channels in lipid vesicles using several techniques, such as circular dichroism and solid‐state NMR spectroscopies. However, the functional activity of ion channels can only be investigated by varying the transmembrane potential. This is also the situation in which ion channels operate in commercialized drugs with intracellular targeting activities, of great interest in pharmaceutical research. A suitable biomimetic membrane must consist of a conducting or semiconducting support, whose “heart” is a lipid bilayer in contact with the aqueous solution of interest on one side. The other side must comprise a hydrophilic region thick enough to completely decouple the lipid bilayer from the support, giving rise to a “tethered bilayer lipid membrane” (tBLM). This review aims to describe the numerous efforts made over time to approach this goal, the most recent achievements, and the perspectives of future development. Special emphasis will be placed on the electrochemical aspects of tBLMs, and a qualitative overview of the main optical and scanning probe techniques employed will be provided.
Recent progress in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal single‐atom catalysts
Authors: Huo Siming , Lu Jessie , Wang Xianqin
Published: December 2021

Electrochemical reduction reaction of CO2 (CO2RR) is a promising technology for alleviating the global warming caused by the emission of CO2. This technology, however, is still in the stage of finding efficient catalysts. The catalysts must be able to convert CO2 to other carbon‐based products with high activity and selectivity to valuable chemicals. In this review, previous development of heteroatom‐doped metal‐free carbon materials (H‐CMs) is briefly summarized. Recent progress of CO2RR promoted by metal single‐atom catalysts (M‐SACs) is then discussed with emphasis on the synthesis of M‐SACs, the catalytic performance, and reaction mechanisms. The high temperature pyrolysis method and electrodeposition are attracting attentions recently to prepare M‐SACs with high metal loading on N‐doped carbon materials, a very active M‐SACs system for the CO2RR. Theoretical calculations of free energy change on active sites, the Operando X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and Bader charge analysis reveal a significant role of metal oxidation state and charge transfer between metal atoms and absorbed CO. The challenges and perspectives for the extensive applications of M‐SACs in CO2RR are also discussed in this review.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the quartz diorites and mafic microgranular enclaves in the Asiha gold ore deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt: Evidence from zircon U–Pb dating, geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes
Authors: Kong Huilei , Liu Yuegao , Zhang Jiangwei , Lin Jiqing , Jia Qunzi , Li Jinchao , Gao Yijie
Published: December 2021

Calc‐alkaline granitoid intrusions with abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are widespread in the East Kunlun orogenic belt (EKOB). Here, we present petrological observations, zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for quartz diorites and the MMEs in the Asiha gold ore deposit in the EKOB, to constrain their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer 206Pb–238U ages of zircons indicate that the host quartz diorites and their MMEs from the Asiha gold deposit crystallized at 228.4 ± 1.7 Ma and 229.0 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively, which is similar to the gold mineralization age. Whole‐rock geochemical data indicate that the quartz diorites are I‐type granites. The MMEs have εHf(t) values of −7.6 to −0.2, −2.1 on average, whereas those of the quartz diorites range from −3.2 to −0.8, with a mean value of −2.1, which is identical within analytical uncertainty. Moreover, the host quartz diorites and their MMEs have relatively homogeneous Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, with high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and low εNd(t) values ranging from 0.70914 to 0.70963 and from −5.9 to −5.5, respectively. In summary, the MMEs and host quartz diorites have similar geochemical characteristics, indistinguishable Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic composition, and almost simultaneous crystallization age. Geochemical evidence shows that they formed due to the mixing of crust‐ and mantle‐derived magmas. Combined with our new results and published geological, geochronological, and geochemical data, this paper proposes that the EKOB had evolved into a post‐collisional environment at about 230–228 Ma, and the host quartz diorites and their MMEs from the Asiha complex formed in the transitional stage from the syn‐collisional to the post‐collisional setting.
Neuronal contact upregulates astrocytic sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 to coordinate astrocyte‐neuron cross communication
Authors: Singh Sandeep K. , Kordula Tomasz , Spiegel Sarah
Published: December 2021

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain, directly associate with and regulate neuronal processes and synapses and are important regulators of brain development. Yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that control the establishment of astrocyte morphology and the bi‐directional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Here we show that neuronal contact stimulates expression of S1PR1, the receptor for the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), on perisynaptic astrocyte processes and that S1PR1 drives astrocyte morphological complexity and morphogenesis. Moreover, the S1P/S1PR1 axis increases neuronal contact‐induced expression of astrocyte secreted synaptogenic factors SPARCL1 and thrombospondin 4 that are involved in neural circuit assembly. Our findings have uncovered new functions for astrocytic S1PR1 signaling in regulation of bi‐directional astrocyte–neuron crosstalk at the nexus of astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis.
Postparotidectomy sialocele: 6‐year review of underlying factors
Authors: Kinberg Eliezer C. , Garneau Jonathan C. , Eljazzar Rachelle , Genden Eric M. , Teng Marita S. , Miles Brett A. , Rosenberg Joshua , Lawson William , Yao Mike
Published: December 2021

Background

Postparotidectomy sialocele is a frustrating challenge. Published rates of postparotidectomy fluid collections range from 6% to 39%. We report our experience of 398 parotidectomies performed over a 6‐year period.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of parotidectomies performed over a 6‐year period was completed. Drain placement, smoking status, tumor size, and postoperative utilization of scopolamine were analyzed. Binary logistical regression and odds ratio calculations were performed.

Results

Postparotidectomy sialocele occurred in 25% of patients. Neither suction drain placement nor usage of immediate postoperative scopolamine (in a 22‐patient subset) prevented sialocele formation. Smoking status also did not correlate. Increasing resection size was linearly correlated with the risk of sialocele.

Conclusion

Drain placement and smoking status do not correlate with sialocele prevention after parotidectomy. Sialocele formation directly correlates with the resection size. These data may guide preoperative counseling; however, additional work is necessary to identify effective prevention mechanisms for postparotidectomy sialocele.
Prevalence and correlates of flavour capsule cigarette use among Australian adolescents
Authors: Scully Maree , Wakefield Melanie , Scollo Michelle , Durkin Sarah , White Victoria
Published: December 2021

Issue addressed

Introduced relatively recently in the Australian market, flavour capsule cigarettes pose a risk to adolescents by providing a palatable pathway to smoking initiation. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of the use of flavour capsule cigarettes in Australian adolescents and to examine the association between frequency of use and smoking behaviour and intentions and perceptions of cigarette brand differences.

Methods

Data were from a 2017 cross‐sectional school‐based survey of secondary students aged 12‐17 years (N = 4266) in Victoria who self‐reported their smoking behaviours, smoking intentions and cigarette brand perceptions. Regression analyses were conducted controlling for sex, age group, education sector and other covariates.

Results

Overall, 5% (n = 195) of all students reported ever using flavour capsule cigarettes. Of the 675 students who had ever smoked, 29% (n = 194) had tried a flavour capsule cigarette. The likelihood of past‐month and past‐week smoking was significantly higher, and future smoking intentions were significantly stronger, for ever‐smokers who had used flavour capsule cigarettes multiple times compared to those who had never used this type of cigarette. Ever‐smokers were more likely to agree that ‘some brands of cigarettes are easier to smoke than others’ if they had tried a flavour capsule cigarette.

Conclusions

There are high levels of use of flavour capsule cigarettes among Australian adolescent smokers, with more frequent use associated with greater involvement in smoking.

So what?

These findings add to those of other studies suggesting that flavour capsule cigarettes may have negative impacts on youth smoking, strengthening the case for their prohibition in Australia.
Changes in general and central fatness are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: A Korean nationwide longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Mi Na , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Ha Yeonjung , Chon Young Eun , Lee Ju Ho , Hwang Seong Gyu
Published: December 2021

We investigated the impact of short‐term changes in general and central fatness on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large, population‐based cohort. We screened 7 221 479 subjects who underwent health examinations provided by the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea in 2009 and 2011. In total, 6 789 472 subjects were included in the final analysis. General fatness was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and central fatness was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women. Subjects were classified according to the change in body fatness between 2009 and 2011, as follows: (a) persistent no fatness as no fatness in both 2009 and 2011, (b) reversed fatness as fatness in 2009, but no fatness in 2011, (c) incident fatness as no fatness in 2009, but fatness in 2011 or (d) persistent fatness as fatness in both 2009 and 2011. During a median 6.4‐year follow‐up, we documented 9952 HCC cases. Compared to subjects with a persistent no general fatness, the risk of HCC significantly increased in those with incident (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01‐1.20) and persistent (aHR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.23‐1.34) general fatness. Compared to subjects with persistent no central fatness, those with incident and persistent central fatness showed a significantly increased risk of HCC (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.27 and aHR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.26‐1.40, respectively). Taken together, these findings indicate the importance of strategies for preventing and reversing body fatness to reduce the incidence of HCC.
Effective external reminders impair the practice effect of time‐based prospective memory
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Gan Jiaqun , Ping Yifan , Song Tingting , Liu Taotao , Wang Enguo , Li Yongxin
Published: December 2021

The practice effect of time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to the phenomenon that TBPM task performance can be significantly improved by repetitive behavioural training. However, reminders are a common strategy for people to perform TBPM tasks in daily life. A large amount of evidence shows that reminders can improve TBPM performance when individuals pay less attention to time information. However, the present study was the first to explore whether external reminders might simultaneously impede the practice effect of TBPM. In this study, 81 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to control group (N = 27, Mage = 20.00, SDage = 1.04), reminder group (N = 26, Mage = 20.35, SDage = 1.70) and non‐reminder group (N = 28, Mage = 20.25, SDage = 1.17). In the training stage, the reminder group could receive effective external reminders, while the non‐reminder group could not. The results of the training stage revealed that compared with the non‐reminder group, the reminder group had fewer time monitoring times and better TBPM performance. In the testing stage, when reminders were removed from the reminder group, we found that compared with the control group without TBPM training, the TBPM performance of the reminder group failed to improve, while that of the non‐reminder group improved significantly. Meanwhile, the time estimation ability of the reminder group was not as improved as that of the non‐reminder group.
A Subset of Osteosarcoma Bears Markers of CXCL12‐Abundant Reticular Cells
Authors: Sosa Branden R , Wang Ziqi , Healey John H , Hameed Meera , Greenblatt Matthew B
Published: December 2021

Currently, the cell of origin for osteosarcoma or other primary skeletal tumors is largely unknown. Recent reports identifying specific cell types comprising bone now newly enable investigation of this topic. Specifically, CXC motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)‐abundant reticular (CAR) cells are a specific skeletal stromal cell type that orchestrate the bone marrow microenvironment through cross‐talk with hematopoietic and endothelial cells and a likely candidate cell of origin for at least a subset of primary skeletal tumors. Here, we analyze osteosarcomas via immunohistochemistry for known markers of CAR cells such as leptin receptor (LEPR), B‐cell factor 3 (EBF3), CXCL12, and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). A large proportion of high‐grade tumors expressed LEPR, PDGFRA, and EBF3 but not CXCL12. These data raise the hypothesis that CAR cells are the cell of origin of this osteoblastic osteosarcoma subset, a finding with implications for the cellular oncogenesis of primary osteosarcoma and the development of effective targeted therapies. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
N‐glycan profiling alterations of serum and immunoglobulin G in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Xuewen , Huang Chenjun , Gao Chunfang
Published: December 2021

Background

The glycosylation alterations of serum and IgG are involved in a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and have shown great potential in biomarker field. The diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is exclusive. Our study aimed to discover the potential glyco‐biomarkers for auxiliary diagnosis of ITP.

Methods

The serum samples were obtained from 61 ITP patients and 35 healthy controls, and IgG samples were purified from 34 out of 61 ITP patients and 35 healthy controls. DNA sequencer‐assisted fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA‐FACE) was used to analyze serum and IgG N‐glycan profiling.

Results

6 of 12 serum N‐glycan peaks, 6 of 7 IgG N‐glycan peaks, serum fucosylation, and IgG galactosylation were significantly different between ITP patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). IgG peak 7 showed good diagnostic efficacy for discriminating ITP patients from healthy individuals (AUC 0.967). ITP patients with severe thrombocytopenia had a significantly lower serum fucosylation than ITP patients with mild and moderate thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). Serum fucosylation and serum peak 5 were correlated with platelet counts in ITP patients with severe thrombocytopenia, and the absolute values of correlation coefficient were both over 0.5.

Conclusions

The specific N‐glycan patterns of serum and IgG were observed in ITP patients. IgG peak 7 was a potential biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis of ITP.
Learning to design for social justice in community‐engaged engineering
Authors: Reynante Brandon
Published: December 2021

Background

Community‐engaged learning initiatives in engineering often struggle to achieve equitable outcomes for community partners because students in such programs often possess a design‐for‐charity mindset, which is characterized by an uncritical desire to help and the design of solutions that address symptoms of inequity without meaningful community involvement. The paradigm of design‐for‐justice seeks more equitable outcomes by illuminating positions of power, leveraging community knowledge, facilitating community participation, and altering the structural causes of inequity.

Purpose

Little is known about how to support students in developing a design‐for‐justice mindset. This work investigated how students in one particular community‐engaged engineering program with a social justice orientation learned to shift mindsets from charity toward justice.

Method

I conducted a case study of a community‐engaged engineering learning project during a single academic term using participant observations and semi‐structured interviews of eight undergraduates with varying levels of project experience. I performed thematic analysis to identify learning processes students employed in making mindset shifts.

Results

Students employed four primary learning processes in developing and deepening a design‐for‐justice mindset: (1) drawing upon prior experience with inequity; (2) connecting to course content; (3) imitating experienced team members; and (4) empathizing with community members. The three core elements of the program experience—introductory course, laboratory course, and field practicum—each fostered shifts along distinct mindset dimensions.

Conclusion

This research offers insights into creating community‐engaged engineering learning experiences that may help students shift toward a design‐for‐justice mindset and has broader implications for how all engineering students might develop socio‐technical thinking skills.
Multifunctional leather surface embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation method
Authors: Alamro Fowzia S. , Toghan Arafat , Ahmed Hoda A. , Mostafa Ayman M. , Alakhras Abbas I. , Mwafy Eman A.
Published: December 2021

A simple procedure was used to generate and decorate leather structures with different amounts from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to produce multifunctional leather structure by pulsed laser ablation method in liquid media based on changing the ablation time in just one‐pot method. The impact of varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles embedded on the surface of leather on water resistance, water vapor permeability, mechanical characteristics, and UV‐shielding efficiency was examined by different characterization techniques like X‐ray diffraction, surface area, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the combination between the external functional groups of leather with ZnO nanoparticles was discovered. ZnO nanoparticles effectively coated the surface of leather tissue, as seen by SEM images, and their form a spherical morphology. Leather with ZnO nanoparticles added had the highest capacity to kill Escherichia coli bacteria, exceeding leather without modification and ZnO nanoparticles alone in 50‐hr incubation. In addition, the incubation period had a substantial impact on the suppression of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria growth by leather samples.
Resolving between novelty and homology in the rapidly evolving phallus of Drosophila
Authors: Rice Gavin R. , David Jean R. , Gompel Nicolas , Yassin Amir , Rebeiz Mark
Published: December 2021

The genitalia present some of the most rapidly evolving anatomical structures in the animal kingdom, possessing a variety of parts that can distinguish recently diverged species. In the Drosophila melanogaster group, the phallus is adorned with several processes, pointed outgrowths, that are similar in size and shape between species. However, the complex three‐dimensional nature of the phallus can obscure the exact connection points of each process. Previous descriptions based upon adult morphology have primarily assigned phallic processes by their approximate positions in the phallus and have remained largely agnostic regarding their homology relationships. In the absence of clearly identified homology, it can be challenging to model when each structure first evolved. Here, we employ a comparative developmental analysis of these processes in eight members of the melanogaster species group to precisely identify the tissue from which each process forms. Our results indicate that adult phallic processes arise from three pupal primordia in all species. We found that in some cases the same primordia generate homologous structures whereas in other cases, different primordia produce phenotypically similar but remarkably non‐homologous structures. This suggests that the same gene regulatory network may have been redeployed to different primordia to induce phenotypically similar traits. Our results highlight how traits diversify and can be redeployed, even at short evolutionary scales.
Variation in digital breast tomosynthesis image quality at differing heights above the detector
Authors: Davidson Rob , Al Khalifah Khaled , Zhou Abel
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The aim of this preliminary work was to determine if image quality in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) changes when tomosynthesis image slices were obtained at differing heights above the detector and in differing breast thicknesses.

Methods

A CIRS Model 020 BR3D breast imaging phantom was used to obtain the DBT images. The images were also acquired at different tube voltages, and each exposure was determined by the automatic exposure control system. Contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and figure‐of‐merit (FOM) values were obtained and compared.

Results

At a phantom thickness of 5 cm or greater, there was a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of image CNR values obtained from the images near the top of the phantom to those obtained near the bottom of the phantom. When the phantom thickness was 4 cm, there was no significant difference in CNR values between DBT images acquired at any height in the phantom. FOM values generally showed no difference when images were obtained at differing heights above the detector.

Conclusion

Image quality, as measured by the CNR, was reduced when tomosynthesis slice image heights were at the top of the phantom and when the thickness of the phantom was more than 4 cm. From this preliminary work, clinicians need to be aware that DBT images obtained near the top of the breast, when breast thickness is greater than 4 cm, may have reduced image quality. Further work is needed to fully assess any DBT image quality changes when images are obtained near the top of the breast.
A large‐scale meta‐analytic atlas of mental health problems prevalence during the COVID‐19 early pandemic
Authors: Dragioti Elena , Li Han , Tsitsas George , Lee Keum Hwa , Choi Jiwoo , Kim Jiwon , Choi Young Jo , Tsamakis Konstantinos , Estradé Andrés , Agorastos Agorastos , Vancampfort Davy , Tsiptsios Dimitrios , Thompson Trevor , Mosina Anna , Vakadaris Georgios , Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Carvalho Andre F. , Correll Christoph U. , Han Young Joo , Park Seoyeon , Il Shin Jae , Solmi Marco
Published: December 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic and related restrictions can impact mental health. To quantify the mental health burden of COVID‐19 pandemic, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, searching World Health Organization COVID‐19/PsycInfo/PubMed databases (09/29/2020), including observational studies reporting on mental health outcomes in any population affected by COVID‐19. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, sleep problems, posttraumatic symptoms. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on severe mental health problems, in high‐quality studies, and in representative samples. Subgroup analyses were conducted stratified by age, sex, country income level, and COVID‐19 infection status. One‐hundred‐seventy‐three studies from February to July 2020 were included (n = 502,261, median sample = 948, age = 34.4 years, females = 63%). Ninety‐one percent were cross‐sectional studies, and 18.5%/57.2% were of high/moderate quality. The highest prevalence emerged for posttraumatic symptoms in COVID‐19 infected people (94%), followed by behavioral problems in those with prior mental disorders (77%), fear in healthcare workers (71%), anxiety in caregivers/family members of people with COVID‐19 (42%), general health/social contact/passive coping style in the general population (38%), depression in those with prior somatic disorders (37%), and fear in other‐than‐healthcare workers (29%). Females and people with COVID‐19 infection had higher rates of almost all outcomes; college students/young adults of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, suicidal ideation; adults of fear and posttraumatic symptoms. Anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms were more prevalent in low‐/middle‐income countries, sleep problems in high‐income countries. The COVID‐19 pandemic adversely impacts mental health in a unique manner across population subgroups. Our results inform tailored preventive strategies and interventions to mitigate current, future, and transgenerational adverse mental health of the COVID‐19 pandemic.