bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilisation d'un SIG dans l'étude des aspects géographiques de l'implantation des décharges au Grand Duché de Luxembourg
Authors: Bontemps Luc
Published: February 2015

Utilisation d'un SIG dans l'étude des aspects géographiques de i implantation des décharges au Grand Duché de Luxembourg — L'importance grandissante que prennent les décharges dans les préoccupations des décideurs amène ceux-ci à les considérer comme un point crucial de l'aménagement du territoire. Sur la base d'une recherche concernant les pollutions provoquées par le stockage des déchets, cet article propose, à une échelle de 1/100 000, une étude de l'environnement des sites d'enfouissement. L'étude utilise un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) qui, via une modélisation de l'environnement sur une base de critères choisis, permet une évaluation qualitative des différents points du territoire luxembourgeois.

Le résultat se présente sous forme de cartes thématiques caractérisant l'aptitude de l'environnement à accueillir les décharges. Aux différentes régions du pays correspondent des possibilités diverses, et des nuances sont à apporter au découpage habituellement accepté. L'examen de certaines décharges existantes débouche sur une évaluation de l'opportunité de leur localisation et permet d'envisager les unités prioritaires pour une réhabilitation.
L'implication du karst dans la capture de la Moselle
Authors: Gamez Patrice , Wehrei Agnès , Fizaine Jean-Paul , Scapoli Jean
Published: February 2015

L'implication du karst dans la capture de la Moselle. — De Pont-Saint-Vincent à Pompey, la Moselle forme un grand coude dans le plateau calcaire de Haye. Dès le début du XXe siècle, des auteurs émettent l'hypothèse d'une implication du karst dans le processus de capture de la Haute Moselle. L'examen des contextes structuraux, hydrologiques et hydrogéologiques du coude de la Moselle apporte des arguments en laveur d'une défluviation souterraine des eaux vers le bassin de la Meurthe. L'étude des réseaux souterrains de la région de Pierre-la-Treiche apporte la preuve d'une participation active du karst dans les processus de capture.
Régionalisation d'espaces géographiques imprécis et incertains définis par des variables qualitatives
Authors: Rolland-May Christiane
Published: February 2015

Le travail présente QUALICLASS, algorithme de classification floue d'un ensemble défini par des variables qualitatives. Y sont proposés successivement les fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques de la procédure, un ensemble d'indices statistiques nécessaires à l'algorithme, puis les principales étapes de ce dernier. Enfin, l'intérêt géographique de l'algorithme est dégagé, en particulier dans tous les domaines où une typologie d'espaces géographiques ou d'individus, définis de façon qualitative, donc imprécise, est souhaitée.
L'intégration transfrontalière et ses conséquences spatiales dans le Sud-Alsace
Authors: Chassignet Daniel
Published: February 2015

Transborder intégration and its territorial consequences in South Alsace. — A three-national area (Switzerland-France-Germany) is growing in the upper part of the Rhine Valley. Its nodal point is the Swiss city Basle. Due to the territorial intégration, there are many conséquences for the French part of this area (South-Alsace ; main city : Mulhouse).

Living in South-Alsace and working in the Swiss urban area of Basle, commuters are very numerous (1972 : 10 000 ; 1993 : 33 000). Land is cheaper in South-Alsace and many foreign firms settle there (76 % are swiss firms). Many problems are the reverse of the medal : consumption of ground ; environmental impacts ; transport management.

In spite of those reasons, South-Alsace is not a periphery and Basle is not a core : the Swiss city needs ressources (workmanship, ground...) which are to be found in South-Alsace ; Basle has to negociate.
L'agglomération transfrontalière du Pôle Européen de Développement (P.E.D.) Longwy-Rodange-Athus. Expériences et perspectives d'un programme trinational de restructuration économique
Authors: Schulz Christian
Published: February 2015

Der grenziiberschreitende Verdichtungsraum des Pôle Européen de Développement (P.E.D.) Longwy-Rodange-Athus — Erfahrungen und Perspektiven eines trinationalen Programms zur wirtschaftlichen Restrukturierung — Der Pôle Européen de Développement wurde als trinationales Programm zur wirtschaftlichen Restrukturierung eines grenzüberschreitenden Stahlindustriereviers eingerichtet. Bis heute blieb dieses Konzept einmalig in der Geschichte der Europaischen Union. Trotz seiner ersten wirtschaftlichen Erfolge leidet das Projekt unter einer einseitigen Ausrichtung, die städtebauliche, ökologische und soziale Aspekte vernachlassigt. Nach einer Phase der Reflexion zielt das Nachfolgeprojekt Agglomération Transfrontalière nun darauf ab, die Rolle der kommunalen Akteure zu starken, um tatsächlich grenzüberschreitende Strukturen zu schaffen und die Versäumnisse der ersten Phase des P.E.D. zu kompensieren.
Mobilité et milieu dans les pays sud-rhénans
Authors: Wackermann Gabriel
Published: February 2015

Mobility and surrounding areas in the Southern Rhine Countries. The lack of a real control of the fast development of mobility in the Southern Rhine Countries has reinforced the surroundings weakness. The urban focusing and the transportations are in the front row amid the concerned sensible domains. Moreover, the disorder that followed the strengthening of the industrial period has become worse with the insufficiently controled transition to the tertiary area. Presently the cooperation, in spite of its inadequacy, is growing, without resolving completely the question of the links between mobility and surroundings. The area that has been observed shows however also, how much the solutions in a transfrontier space, relies on a slow steps policy.
Urbanisation et systèmes urbains au Proche-Orient
Authors: Bazin Marcel
Published: February 2015

Le Proche-Orient, cœur historique du « bloc central de l'Islam », participe pleinement à l'accélération de la croissance urbaine qui affecte l'ensemble du Tiers- Monde. La région a désormais 64 % de citadins, ce qui la place entre l'Afrique du Nord et les pays pétroliers de la péninsule arabique, et la ville est devenue l'espace de référence. À partir de situations de départ différant par le poids des villes et la configuration du semis urbain se sont formés des systèmes urbains différenciés. L'analyse du rôle des plus grandes agglomérations conduit à distinguer des systèmes unipolaires et bipolaires, mais partout la croissance des mégapoles marque le pas par rapport à celle des petites villes. Le nombre et la consistance des niveaux intermédiaires permettent d'identifier des réseaux urbains plus ou moins bien hiérarchisés, le plus complet étant celui de la Turquie. Les clivages ethnico-religieux et les séquelles des nombreux conflits qui ont affecté le Proche-Orient sont venus introduire d'importantes distorsions dans ces systèmes urbains.
Alexandrie, deuxième ville d'Egypte ou métropole méditerranéenne ?
Authors: Denis Éric
Published: February 2015

La personnalité d'Alexandrie procède d'une dialectique permanente qui se joue à différentes échelles : entre son appartenance à l'Egypte, dont elle est à la fois la seconde ville et le prolongement maritime de sa capitale, le Caire, et son appartenance méditerranéenne, comme plus grande ville de la rive sud et, au niveau local, entre son centre ancien qui se vide et des périphéries incertaines oscillant entre industries, villégiatures estivales et logements populaires, voire précaires. L'évolution contemporaine d'Alexandrie est le produit de ces déchirements centrifuges. Ils la fragilisent et l'empêchent d'affirmer une centralité à la hauteur de son poids démographique.
Communication structures in border areas : the Euregio triangle of Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany
Authors: Graef Peter
Published: February 2015

Kommunikationsstrukturen in grenzüberschreitenden Räumen : das Euregio Dreieck Belgiens, der Niederlande und Deutschlands. — Grenzraume haben haufig mehr trennende als verbindende Funktionen. Sprache, Rechtsgrundlagen. Lebensstil und technische Einrichtungen sind meist nicht kompatibel. In der Euregio Maas-Rhein mit den Zentren Lüttich, Maastricht und Aachen gibt es ausgeprägte grenzuberschreitende Beziehungen bei Arbeitspendlern, bei Einkaufsbeziehungen und teilweise im Freizeitbereich (Naherholungsverkehr). Kaum entwickelt ist die grenzuberschreitende Orientierung der Medien (Lokal- und Regionalpresse, lokaler Rundfunk, regionales Fernsehen). Nur in Ansatzen berücksichtigt die Tarifgestaltung im Telefonverkehr die Sondersituation einer grenzüberschreitenden Verflechtung im Vergleich zu normalen Auslandstarifen der gleichen Länder. Das Entstehen einer grenziiberschreitenden regionalen Identitàt der Bevölkerung benötigt mehrere Generationen positiver Erfahrungen und bedarf umfangreicher PR-Investitionen öffentlicher und privater Institutionen.
Réseaux digitaux à orientation économique ; conception et réalités ouest-européennes
Authors: Butzin B. , Dufour-Bourru P.
Published: February 2015

Nos économies dépendent beaucoup de la globalisation. Tandis que l'influence régionale des grandes compagnies décroît, des réseaux flexibles de petites et moyennes entreprises émergent et leur contribution au développement régional augmente. Une distinction s'impose toutefois entre les réseaux institutionnels, les réseaux- experts et les réseaux d'information personnels, informels. Le changement global qui s'opère vers une société d'information rend nécessaire non seulement les réseaux institutionnels et personnels mais aussi le développement des réseaux digitaux à orientation économique (RDE).

Cette recherche concerne ces RDE sur Internet. La conception de ces réseaux est analysée à travers 65 exemplaires pris dans plus de 400 régions et villes ouest-européennes.
Silesia - from region of conflict to zone of peace
Authors: Loboda Jan
Published: February 2015

The cross-border région of Silesia has been, for years a region of conflict between Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland. Its development since the end of the XIX century has been the main cause of an important economic, cultural and scientific évolution that transformed the whole region into a zone of peace.
Évolution d'un géosystème communal industrialisé des Côtes de Meuse : l'exemple de Foug
Authors: Castellani Céline
Published: February 2015

La position de Foug, commune du Toulois, située dans le « Val de l'Âne », percée cataclinale fossile de la Moselle à travers les Côtes de Meuse et axe de passage majeur, a façonné l'histoire de la localité. Aujourd'hui, le territoire de Foug est le siège d'un géosystème très fortement industriel lié à la présence d'une fonderie, mais il est surtout influencé par les centres urbains voisins de Tout et de Nancy. Au XIXe siècle, le géosystème faouin était celui d'un petit bourg viticole semblable aux autres systèmes villageois du Toulois. Aussi, l'implantation de diverses voies de communication, puis d'une grande fonderie, a-t-elle, en un siècle, complètement bouleversé son organisation systémique et donne-t-elle à Foug un caractère original.
Géo-histoire des paysages du bassin minier ferrifère luxembourgeois
Authors: Storoni Alex
Published: February 2015

Les paysages du Sud-Ouest du Luxembourg sont dominés par la côte bajocienne (« Côte de Moselle ») qui renferme la formation du minerai de fer appelée minette. L'exploitation de la minette débuta au milieu du 19e siècle et transforma en peu de temps cette région à vocation agricole en un important bassin minier et industriel. La croissance largement incontrôlée du bassin aboutit finalement à un enchevêtrement inextricable des installations minières, des usines sidérurgiques et du tissu urbain. A la suite de la crise économique des années 1970 la région subit de nombreux changements qui, un siècle après le début du développement industriel, altèrent à nouveau l'aspect des paysages du bassin minier.
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Daclatasvir in Subjects with Renal Function Impairment
Authors: Garimella Tushar , Wang Reena , Luo Wen-Lin , Hwang Carey , Sherman Diane , Kandoussi Hamza , Marbury Thomas C , Alcorn Harry , Bertz Richard , Bifano Marc
Published: February 2015

Background

Daclatasvir (DCV) is a pangenotypic inhibitor of the HCV NS5A replication complex approved in Japan and Europe for combination treatment of HCV. AI444-063 was an open-label, two-stage, adaptive study assessing DCV pharmacokinetics and safety in HCV-uninfected subjects with renal impairment.

Methods

Stage 1 included 12 subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis and 12 healthy controls (creatinine clearance [CLcr]≥90 ml/min, Cockcroft-Gault) matched by sex, age and weight. All participants received a single DCV 60-mg dose on day 1. DCV plasma levels were measured through day 4. Prespecified criteria for study expansion (ESRD versus control area under the curve extrapolated to infinite time [AUC] geometric mean ratio [GMR] upper 90% CI>1.5) were met; therefore, 12 subjects with moderate or severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 30–59 and 15–29 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively) were included in stage 2.

Results

All 36 participants (30 male, mean age 54 years) completed the study. DCV AUC∞ was higher in ESRD subjects versus controls (GMR 1.264, 90% CI 0.989, 1.616). Compared with normal CLcr (90 ml/min), GMR and 90% CI for unbound DCV AUC∞ at CLcr 60, 30 and 15 ml/min were 1.18 (1.07, 1.30), 1.39 (1.14, 1.70) and 1.51 (1.18, 1.94), respectively. DCV was generally well tolerated in subjects with normal renal function, ESRD, or moderate or severe renal impairment.

Conclusions

Observed DCV exposure increases were within the normal range of variability and were not associated with an elevated risk of adverse events. DCV can be administered in subjects with renal impairment, including ESRD, without dose modification. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01830205.
Loin de la subversion et de la transformation sociale : les pratiques de l'économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Darbus Fanny
Published: February 2015

En quoi les pratiques de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) sont-elles matériellement subversives ou du moins se différencient-elles de celles qui prévalent par ailleurs ? Ceux qui placent leurs pratiques économiques sous le référent ESS sont-ils motivés par un souci de transformation économique et sociale ? Comment se présentent ces intentions ? C’est en s’intéressant aux pratiques économiques développées au nom et au sein de l’ESS, et aux discours des agents qui, par leur travail, les font exister, que cet article répond à ces questions.
Idéaux de masculinité et sexualité interdite
Authors: Fidolini Vulca
Published: February 2015

Cette contribution fait l’analyse des parcours de construction de la masculinité auprès d’une population de jeunes adultes marocains musulmans immigrés en France. À travers les récits de leurs expériences sexuelles, l’étude s’emploie à montrer les normes qui définissent la conduite sexuelle et l’idéal masculin chez ces jeunes hommes, interrogeant notamment la période préconjugale. L’article se focalise sur le rapport qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs modèles idéaux de masculinité afin d’en révéler l’influence sur les expériences sexuelles pendant la transition vers l’âge adulte.
Socialiser la lutte contre les discriminations
Authors: Dossetto Corinne
Published: February 2015

Alors que l’on sait que les discriminations impactent plus ou moins durement et durablement les trajectoires d’insertion professionnelle des jeunes qui fréquentent les missions locales, les premiers concernés ne sont pas associés aux réflexions pour y opposer une politique efficace. Cette expérimentation procède de ce paradoxe pour engager la construction du problème public avec les publics. À partir du concept d’intermédiation sociale, le dispositif veut promouvoir la reconnaissance des jeunes, sur le terrain, comme acteurs d’une action publique pensée avec eux.
Degenerate PCR primers for detecting putative priming glycosyltransferase genes in Bifidobacterium strains
Authors: Hidalgo-Cantabrana C. , Ordoñez I. , Ruas-Madiedo P. , Margolles A.
Published: February 2015

A new PCR-based method to detect putative exopolysaccharide (EPS) producers from the genus Bifidobacterium was developed based on the detection of two priming glycosyltransferase genes: rfbP (undecaprenyl-phosphate sugar phospho-transferase) and cpsD (galactosyl-transferase). An in silico analysis of the genomes of 28 bifidobacterial strains, belonging to 8 different species, allowed us to detect rfbP, cpsD, or both, in the large majority of the genomes. Based on DNA sequence homology studies, 24 degenerated primers were synthesised in order to select the primer pairs with the broadest capacity to detect the presence of these genes. Four primer pairs targeting internal regions of rfbP and cpsD were selected, allowing the detection of at least one of the two genes in 63 out of 99 bifidobacterial strains analysed, whereas control strains from other genera yielded negative results, suggesting that these genes are widely spread in this genus. The use of these primers is recommended to screen for the potential of Bifidobacterium strains to produce EPS.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 reduces the duration of diarrhoea, length of emergency care and hospital stay in children with acute diarrhoea
Authors: Dinleyici E.C. , Kara A. , Dalgic N. , Kurugol Z. , Arica V. , Metin O. , Temur E. , Turel O. , Guven S. , Yasa O. , Bulut S. , Tanir G. , Yazar A.S. , Karbuz A. , Sancar M. , Erguven M. , Akca G. , Eren M. , Ozen M. , Vandenplas Y.
Published: February 2015

Evidence from the literature has shown thatSaccharomyces boulardiiprovides a clinically significant benefit in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children. In this multicentre, randomised, prospective, controlled, single blind clinical trial performed in children with acute watery diarrhoea, we aimed to evaluate the impact ofS. boulardiiCNCM I-745 in hospitalised children, in children requiring emergency care unit (ECU) stay and in outpatient settings. The primary endpoint was the duration of diarrhoea (in hours). Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospitalisation and diarrhoea at the 3rdday of intervention. In the whole study group (363 children), the duration of diarrhoea was approximately 24 h shorter in theS. boulardiigroup (75.4±33.1 vs 99.8±32.5 h,P<0.001). The effect ofS. boulardii(diarrhoea-free children) was observed starting at 48 h. After 72 h, only 27.3% of the children receiving probiotic still had watery diarrhoea, in contrast to 48.5% in the control group (P<0.001). The duration of diarrhoea was significantly reduced in the probiotic group in hospital, ECU and outpatient settings (P<0.001,P<0.01 andP<0.001, respectively). The percentage of diarrhoea-free children was significantly larger after 48 and 72 h in all settings. The mean length of hospital stay was shorter with more than 36 h difference in theS. boulardiigroup (4.60±1.72 vs 6.12±1.71 days,P<0.001). The mean length of ECU stay was shorter with more than 19 h difference in the probiotic group (1.20±0.4 vs 2.0±0.3 days,P<0.001). No adverse effects related to the probiotic were noted. Because treatment can shorten the duration of diarrhoea and reduce the length of ECU and hospital stay, there is likely a social and economic benefit ofS. boulardiiCNCM I-745 in adjunction to oral rehydration solution in acute infectious gastroenteritis in children.
Optimum Actuator-Disk Performance in Hover and Axial Flight by a Compact Momentum Theory with Swirl
Authors: Modarres Ramin , Peters David A.
Published: February 2015

A new compact form of momentum theory is introduced for actuator disks including swirl. The new form unifies both the axial and angular momentum balances into a single momentum equation, applicable over the entire range of thrust and power coefficients. While completely consistent with
earlier momentum theories, such as that of Glauert with swirl, the compact form allows analytic expressions for the parameters of a Betz actuator disk and reveals additional insight into the limiting efficiency of rotors, propellers, and wind turbines. The compact form also allows a completely
closed form for the truly optimum Glauert rotor. We will also present results from the Betz hypothesis as practically optimum. Closed-form results presented here include the practically optimum values of induced flow, inflow angle, thrust, induced power, and efficiency. Closed-form expressions
are also given for practically optimum twist, chord distribution, and solidity in the presence of profile drag (along with the resulting overall efficiencies). This report also gives a closed-form solution for the truly optimum rotor in hover, based on the Glauert optimality criterion.
Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystic Tumors with Borderline Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Manrai Megumi , Takesita Naoki , Ishida Hiroaki , Takashima Akiko , Adachi Tomohiro , Sasaki Izumi , Yokokawa Kei , Tokuyama Wataru , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Kinoshita Toshihiko
Published: February 2015

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic tumors with borderline malignancy are rarely encountered. To date, only 12 cases have been reported in the literature. In this report, we present an additional case. A 65-year-old nulliparous woman complained of abdominal fullness. Her medical history included a hysterectomy and a single salpingo-oophorectomy performed 25 years prior to the present event. Physical examination revealed a large cystic mass in the abdomen and pelvis. During laparotomy, a cystic tumor measuring 21 × 14 cm in size was observed in the left retroperitoneal space. The tumor was resected, and the final diagnosis was primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic cancer with borderline malignancy.
Bilateral Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
Authors: Honkura Yohei , Nomura Kazuhiro , Oshima Hidetoshi , Takata Yusuke , Hidaka Hiroshi , Katori Yukio
Published: February 2015

Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common non-odontogenic cysts in the maxilla, and are conventionally treated through a sublabial or palatine approach. Recently, the endoscopic approach has been used, but experience is extremely limited. We treated a 29-year-old male with nasopalatine duct cyst by endoscopic marsupialization, but paresthesia of the incisor region occurred after surgery. This paresthesia gradually remitted within 6 months. The nasopalatine nerve, which innervates the upper incisor region, enters two lateral canals separately at the nasal floor and exits the central main canal at the palate. Damage to the bilateral nasopalatine nerves might lead to paresthesia, so we recommend careful examination for nerve fibers during endoscopic surgery, especially if fenestration is performed on both sides.
Symptoms of degeneration of the pyramidal tracts in conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in a young woman with primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: Budrewicz S , Szewczyk P , Slotwinski K , Koszewicz M
Published: February 2015

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is one of the forms of motor neuron disease (MND), affecting only upper motor neurons. The diagnosis of PLS should be made on different diagnostic criteria, for example, Pringle or Gordon, but it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. There are no characteristic findings in standard laboratory and electrophysiological assessment. We present details of a 31-year-old woman who had suffered from progressive paraparesis with right-side predominance. Conventional MRI of brain and spinal cord and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies showed Hyperintense lesions in the upper part of the cervical spinal cord at the level C1 in lateral funicules, in the medulla oblongata at the pyramidal decussation and in the midbrain. Brain DTI revealed changes along the corticospinal tracts on fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. MRI of the thoracic spinal cord showed in T2-weighted images hyperintensive regions in the course of the lateral corticospinal tracts. This aided in PLS recognition.
Kloosterman sums in residue classes
Authors: Blomer Valentin , Milićević Djordje
Published: February 2015

We prove upper bounds for sums of Kloosterman sums against general arithmetic weight functions. In particular, we obtain power cancellation in sums of Kloosterman sums over arithmetic progressions, which is of square-root strength in any fixed primitive congruence class up to bounds towards the Ramanujan conjecture.
Confusion in a legal regime built on deception: the case of trade marks
Authors: Dent Chris
Published: February 2015

The law of trade marks is, now, reliant on the notion of ‘confusion’ between marks for the purposes of denying registration and of assessing infringement. Yet, this area of law is founded on the notion of deception – in the nineteenth century, a plaintiff had to show that the infringing mark would deceive consumers. This article takes a broad, socio-legal, approach to explore the factors that contributed to the introduction of ‘confusion’ into the legal discourse. These include the creation of the registration system itself; developments in the case law around the notion of ‘deception’, the breakdown of the rigidities in the law and the changes in how the system ‘saw’ the individual. This latter development involved the rise of utilitarianism, the acceptance of the ‘internal life’ of individuals and their possession of (potentially wrong) knowledge.
Time-shifted morality: a critique of the legal discourse on online copyright infringement
Authors: Rendas Tito
Published: February 2015

The article critically examines the discourse against the widespread practice of unauthorized sharing of copyrighted content on the Internet. Legal discourse condemning this behaviour and trying to persuade Internet users of its moral unacceptability relies on a rhetoric that lacks resonance and credibility: the ‘download as theft’ rhetoric. It is argued that this reliance is explained by an indifference to the fact that the deeply embedded norm against theft that we hold is maladaptive in the contemporary technological predicament. To explicate this, the article uses the concept of ‘time-shifted morality’. The article's hope is to serve as a stimulus for scholars and legal decision-makers to reconsider the rhetoric used in writing and arguing about online copyright infringement.
Interoperability for data portability between social networking sites (SNS): the interplay between EC software copyright and competition law
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Sih Yuliana
Published: February 2015

The right to data portability introduced in the European Commission Proposal for the European General Data Protection Regulation as subsequently amended by the European Parliament entails a certain degree of interoperability, including between social networking sites (SNS). In the absence of specific regulation, SNS interoperability for the purpose of data portability raises issues with regard to how far copyright protection under the European Software Directive may be exempted and in which case interoperability between SNS would require competition law to intervene in software copyright domain.
Effectiveness of a New Generation Anticavity Mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus Count: A Microbiological Study
Authors: Venkataraghavan Karthik , Shah Shanal
Published: February 2015

Background Dental caries is one of the most widespread disease. CariFree CTx4 treatment rinse mouthwash is designed to treat the cavity-causing plaque biofilm, reduce the overpopulation of cavity-causing bacteria, and neutralize decaycausing acids with patent-pending pH+ technology.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the antibacterial effect of a new generation anticavity mouthwash (CariFree CTx4 treatment rinse) with that of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (Clohex), 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash (Colgate Plax Complete Care), 2% povidone iodine mouthwash (Betadine gargle and mouthwash) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Materials and methods

Strains of S. mutans and L. acidophilus were grown on suitable media and the inhibitory effect of the test substances was noted by disk diffusion method and Agar well diffusion method. The results obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Result

Efficacy of CTx4 treatment rinse mouthwash was less than chlorhexidine for both S. mutans and L. acidophilus whereas its efficacy was comparable to that of povidone iodine and sodium fluoride mouthwash for S. mutans and to that of sodium fluoride for L. acidophilus.

Conclusion

It was concluded that chlorhexidine is still the best mouthwash available.

How to cite this article

Venkataraghavan K, Shah S, Choudhary P, Kaur M, Shah S, Trivedi K. Effectiveness of a New Generation Anticavity Mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus Count: A Microbiological Study. World J Dent 2014;5(3):152-156.
Is there Correlation between the Root Apex Anatomy with External Root Resorption?
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Silva Mônica Barros , de Musis Carlo Ralph , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Bhandi Shilpa H , Estrela Carlos , Gilbert Tarcisio Jacinto , Castro Iury
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to correlate the root apex anatomies with external root resorption in patients orthodontically treated through panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods. Two hundred and forty dental roots were evaluated by tomographic and radiograph images from thirty patients submitted to orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was developed based on the technique of straight arc (Straightwire) with Roth prescription. Dental roots anatomy were classified based on shape as: Score 0 – normal root; Score 2 – short root; Score 2 – blunt; Score 3 – bent; and Score 4 – pipette shape. Measurements of external root resorption (ERR) were performed before and after orthodontic treatment by means of CBCT and panoramic radiograph. All patients and 72% of the 173 roots presented with ERR. The frequency of root type, the normal root (score 0) was 88.75% in panoramic radiography and only 18.75% for CBCT. The frequency of ERR was high in maxillary central incisors (73%), maxillary lateral incisors (73%), mandibular central incisors (72%), mandibular lateral incisors (70%). Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the methods, type root and tooth type (p < 0.05). The CBCT had better results for identifying apical roots resorption than panoramic radiograph, but the correlation between the type of root and ERR was not confirmed.

How to cite this article

Gilbert TJ, Silva MB, Pinto SCS, Bhandi SH, de Musis CR, Castro I, Estrela C, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC. Is there Correlation between the Root Apex Anatomy with External Root Resorption? World J Dent 2014;5(3):162-165.
Effects of Stability Balls on Children’s On-Task Behavior, Academic Achievement, and Discipline Referrals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fedewa Alicia , Davis Matthew A. C. , Ahn Soyeon
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE. We used a randomized controlled design to investigate whether using stability balls during the school day was associated with higher levels of on-task behavior and academic achievement and fewer discipline referrals.

METHOD. Over 9 mo, students in 2 second-grade classrooms in a southeastern rural elementary school used stability balls as chairs while students in 2 control classrooms used chairs as usual. We collected measures of on-task behavior, standardized measures of literacy and mathematics achievement, and discipline referrals.

RESULTS. We found similar levels of on-task behavior and achievement in treatment and control classrooms and a downward trend in disruptive behaviors in treatment classrooms.

CONCLUSION. This study did not find use of stability balls for entire general education classrooms to be a practical use of resources for schools. More research with rigorous controlled designs is needed to support the use of stability balls for the general education population.
Longitudinal Study of Occupational Therapy Students’ Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing
Authors: Mitchell Anita Witt
Published: February 2015

Research has demonstrated the importance of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, or epistemic and ontological cognition (EOC), to learning and achievement; however, little research has examined occupational therapy students’ EOC or determined whether occupational therapy programs promote its development. This study examined changes in EOC over 18 mo of didactic coursework in an occupational therapy program. Thirty-one students completed the Epistemic Beliefs Inventory at the beginning, middle, and end of 18 mo of didactic coursework. Results indicated no difference in ontological cognition. However, change occurred in epistemic cognition, with students demonstrating statistically significantly weaker beliefs in justification of knowledge by an omniscient authority by the end of the didactic portion of the program. Although causal inferences cannot be made from this small study of one cohort of occupational therapy students, it is possible that intensive study in the discipline of occupational therapy contributed to change in these students’ epistemic cognition.
Incentives in Supply Function Equilibrium
Authors: Vetter Henrik
Published: February 2015

The author analyses delegation in homogenous duopoly under the assumption that firmmanagers compete in supply functions. He reverses earlier findings in that owners give managers incentives to act in an accommodating way. That is, optimal delegation reduces per-firm output and increases profits to above-Cournot profits. Moreover, in supply function equilibrium, the mode of competition is endogenous. This means that the author avoids results that are sensitive with respect to assuming either Cournot or Bertrand competition.
Government Support and Infrastructure: Realizing the value of collaborative work
Authors: Levesque Peter
Published: February 2015

CCommunity-campus research has undergone significant growth over the last two decades. While there has been some support in the form of government programs, significant gaps remain. The identification of collaborative research – what Gibbons et al. (1994) called Mode Two, complementing more traditional Mode One research – necessitates a better understanding of the incentives and infrastructure needed to produce greater value from both modes of research production. This article presents an argument that research is fundamentally three questions: what, so what and now what. It further argues that while the system is good at producing data and information as well as interpretation and analysis, it is not quite so competent when it comes to decisions that produce value beyond products, programs and sometimes, policies. This article introduces concepts related to knowledge mobilization and the need for dedicated incentives and infrastructure to realize the value of collaborative work. It introduces a taxonomy of legal government powers to protect and promote public health that may be adapted to the creation of support for community-campus research. This article suggests that government support for collaborative research must be built from arguments that demonstrate the added value that comes from engaging in these processes. It further argues that this is essentially a political process that must include explicit and open conversations across sectors and stakeholders.
Doing What we Know we Should: Engaged scholarship and community development
Authors: Muirhead Bruce , Woolcock Geoff
Published: February 2015

In Australia, engaged scholarship oriented towards community development objectives has yet to be recognised in funding regimes as being inherently beneficial in terms of scholarly excellence and university rankings. While the civic role of universities is acknowledged by individual universities, higher education management and at the Federal policy level, they are most often framed as funding problems related to ‘community service’ rather than as research opportunities which can raise the university’s profile by providing the basis for excellent research outputs and community enrichment. Community engagement has become a familiar term in the Australian higher education lexicon in recent years but there is still little institutional infrastructure that directly embodies the principles and sentiment of community engagement evident in current Australian universities. In this paper, the inaugural Director and Research Manager of the University of Queensland’s Community Service and Research Centre reflect on their five years leading a Centre that was/has been privileged to enjoy significant institutional support and the lessons learnt in forging into unknown territories. The reflections focus on the Centre’s seminal project, the Goodna Service Integration Project.
Capacity Building and Empowerment: A panacea and a challenge for agency-university engagement
Authors: Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda , Balcazar Fabricio , Iriarte Edurne García , Taylor-Ritzler Tina
Published: February 2015

Capacity building is an effective strategy for promoting organizational change and/or improving the quality of social services. In this article I present an empowerment approach to capacity building. In doing so I propose a number of principles that can promote capacity building and collaboration between social service agencies and universities from an empowerment perspective: keeping the control of the capacity building process in the agency; developing competencies that matter to the people in the agency; engaging in supportive roles; maintaining a strengths-based approach to capacity building; focusing on sustainability, institutionalization and utilization of acquired skills; and paying attention to cultural and contextual issues. Further, the challenges and benefits of the empowerment approach to university-agency collaboration are discussed in this article.
A Second Chance: The University of Cape Town's Diploma in Education
Authors: Saldanha June
Published: February 2015

This paper describes a curriculum that gives men and women from predominantly black working class communities a second chance to acquire a formal qualification at a higher education institution in South Africa. The curriculum provides the space for adult students to think critically about themselves and their practice and to develop a confident voice to express themselves. Through this process they develop both learner and educator identities and begin to see how the two intersect. The paper gives some of the historical background of the course, and shows how lecturers who have taught on the programme at different times have helped shape the curriculum. It goes on to discuss the changing nature of the student intake, the curriculum content and structure and ends with a discussion of the impact of the course, on students, staff and on the university as a whole. One very visible impact of the diploma is to be seen in the students who have gone on to acquire other postgraduate qualifications in adult education studies. On a university-wide level, through the involvement of adult education lecturers in other programmes and curricula, knowledge of and interest in adult learning is shared and encouraged.
An Evolving Partnership: Collaboration between university 'experts' and net-fishers
Authors: Sowman Merle
Published: February 2015

This paper reflects on the evolution of a university-community partnership that has benefited both the community and the university, through joint research and mutual capacity development. It highlights the value of working collaboratively with communities and other stakeholders to jointly tackle complex human-ecological problems and demonstrates that knowledge that resides in communities is fundamental to resolving problems. While the initial focus of the project was on providing ‘expert’ advice to assist a fishing community, as well as to ‘build their capacity’ to enable effective participation in management decisions, over time the relationship shifted to one characterised by mutual learning, collaborative research and the co-production of knowledge in the face of policy changes. This article offers reflections on this 15 year university-community engagement process and highlights the shifts in perceptions, research approaches and positions of the university researchers as the partnership developed and expanded as understanding of this fishery system increased.
The Role of Public Universities: Examining one university's response to xenophobia
Authors: Favish Judith
Published: February 2015

On 19 May 2008, South Africans woke up to the horrifying image of a man engulfed in fire. This man, Ernesto Nhamuave, originally from Mozambique, was one of the 65 or more foreign nationals who would die in the following days in the xenophobic violence that swept Gauteng. By the end of the week, the violence had spread like wildfire throughout the country. This unprecedented violation of the rights of ‘others’ in South Africa bordered on human catastrophe and caught the government, public institutions and individuals by surprise – people did not know how to respond.

This article examines how the University of Cape Town (UCT) reacted to the crisis, and shows that it did so in a manner that suggested that UCT was grappling with appropriate ways of translating its commitment to being an engaged university into concrete action. UCT’s immediate response to the xenophobia crisis took the form of humanitarian aid designed to mitigate the suffering of thousands of people displaced by the violence. This article specifically focuses on the interventions of SHAWCO, a community development organisation run by students of UCT; the Refugee Rights Project; and the Department of Social Development. These initiatives were nominated by the faculties and student society representatives on the Social Responsiveness Working Group for inclusion in the 2008 Social Responsiveness Report at UCT. Representatives from these units were also represented on the Vice-Chancellor’s Crisis Response Committee.
Transgressive Partnerships: Community engagement in a South African university
Authors: Hall Martin
Published: February 2015

Conceptualizing community engagement as intertwined with teaching and long-established approaches to research requires a consideration of the epistemology of knowledge itself. What is accepted as legitimate knowledge? And what is the scope of the university’s role in recognizing and validating forms of knowledge and defining curriculum boundaries, understood as the ways in which the university disseminates knowledge that it has validated as authentic? A working understanding of community engagement would include service learning, problem-based teaching and research that addresses specific wants and needs, the pursuit of alternative forms of knowledge and challenges to established authorities that control and direct research systems and the allocation of qualifications. This article considers why this kind of engagement has remained on the margins of the traditional university in South Africa – via a case study of community engagement at the University of Cape Town – despite a decade of clear public policy and asks: why does there appear to be resistance to its inclusion despite a number of incentives that include moral affirmation for contributing to social and economic justice.
Fostering resilience: Empowering rural communities in the face of hardship
Authors: Maybery Darryl , Pope Rod , Hodgins Gene , Hitchenor Yvonne
Published: February 2015

Australian rural communities are experiencing some of the worst climactic and economic conditions in decades. Unfortunately, the multiple government and non-government agency responses have reportedly been uncoordinated, sometimes losing sight of their consumers. This article describes a program designed to strengthen and empower resilience in small rural communities and summarises the outcomes, including needs and action planning undertaken. The 97 participants were from eight outer regional or remote towns and communities in the northern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. As groups representing their communities, they attended meetings and responded to a series of questions regarding issues arising from the drought, community needs, and actions their community could take to address these issues and needs. The study findings highlight the stress and strain of the climatic conditions and the insecurity of rural incomes, as well as problems with the high cost of transport. The communities recognised a degree of social disintegration but also expressed considerable hope that, by working together and better utilising social agencies, they could develop a social connectedness that would make their communities more resilient. Approaches that empower and facilitate community resilience are suggested as an effective model that governments and non-government agencies can use to encourage social groups that are struggling to build resilience.
A compatible partnership? Student-community engagement and traditional university education
Authors: Bourner Tom
Published: February 2015

This article looks at how student learning from community engagement is related to traditional university education. In order to do so it has to deal with the range of variation in both student-community engagement and traditional university education and it has to explore the knowledge, skills and attitudes that characterise the learning outcomes of each. The main conclusion reached is that student-community engagement does not fit within traditional university education but it does fit with it. They are complementary forms of higher education that together better prepare students for their next steps after university than either do on its own.

Keywords: Traditional university education, community engagement, student learning, knowledge, skills, attitudes.
Working together: A methodological case study of 'engaged scholarship'
Authors: Cuthill Michael
Published: February 2015

The concept of engaged scholarship, as a 'new' and participatory approach to knowledge production, has received much attention over the past decade. However, the term is clouded in ambiguity. This paper presents some introductory discussion around concepts of engaged scholarship, and then focuses in detail on a methodological case study of participatory action research as an example of engaged scholarship in practice. Discussion revolves around reflections on practice, drawing largely from recent reports on participatory democracy and the role of unversities in society.