bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-assisted cross-slice radio resource optimization: Implementation framework and algorithmic solution
Authors: Ramon Agusti  , Irene Vila  , Oriol Sallent  , Jordi Perez-Romero  , Ramon Ferrus
Published: September 2021

Network slicing is a central feature in 5G and beyond systems to allow operators to customize their networks for different applications and customers. With network slicing, different logical networks, i.e. network slices, with specific functional and performance requirements can be created over the same physical network. A key challenge associated with the exploitation of the network slicing feature is how to efficiently allocate underlying network resources, especially radio resources, to cope with the spatio-temporal traffic variability while ensuring that network slices can be provisioned and assured within the boundaries of Service Level Agreements / Service Level Specifications (SLAs/SLSs) with customers. In this field, the use of artificial intelligence, and, specifically, Machine Learning (ML) techniques, has arisen as a promising approach to cater for the complexity of resource allocation optimization among network slices. This paper tackles the description of a feasible implementation framework for deploying ML-assisted solutions for cross-slice radio resource optimization that builds upon the work conducted by 3GPP and O-RAN Alliance. On this basis, the paper also describes and evaluates an ML-assisted solution that uses a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approach based on the Deep Q-Network (DQN) technique and fits within the presented implementation framework.
Dynamic power control for time-critical networking with heterogeneous traffic
Authors: Anthony Ephremides  , Nikolaos Pappas  , Emmanouil Fountoulakis
Published: September 2021

Future wireless networks will be characterized by heterogeneous traffic requirements. Examples can be low-latency or minimum-througput requirements. Therefore, the network has to adjust to different needs. Usually, users with low-latency requirements have to deliver their demand within a specific time frame, i.e., before a deadline, and they coexist with throughput oriented users. In addition, mobile devices have a limited-power budget and therefore, a power-efficient scheduling scheme is required by the network. In this work, we cast a stochastic network optimization problem for minimizing the packet drop rate while guaranteeing a minimum throughput and taking into account the limited-power capabilities of the users. We apply tools from Lyapunov optimization theory in order to provide an algorithm, named Dynamic Power Control (DPC) algorithm, that solves the formulated problem in real time. It is proved that the DPC algorithm gives a solution arbitrarily close to the optimal one. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms the baseline Largest-Debt-First (LDF) algorithm for short deadlines and multiple users.
Reconfiguration algorithms for high precision communications in time sensitive networks: Time-aware shaper configuration with IEEE 802.1Qcc
Authors: Hesham ElBakoury  , Martin Reisslein  , Akhilesh S. Thyagaturu  , Venkatraman Balasubramanian  , Ahmed Nasrallah
Published: September 2021

As new networking paradigms emerge for different networking applications, e.g., cyber-physical systems, and different services are handled under a converged data link technology, e.g., Ethernet, certain applications with mission critical traffic cannot coexist on the same physical networking infrastructure using traditional Ethernet packet-switched networking protocols. The IEEE 802.1Q Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group is developing protocol standards to provide deterministic properties, i.e., eliminates non-deterministic delays, on Ethernet based packet-switched networks. In particular, the IEEE 802.1Qcc, centralized management and control, and the IEEE 802.1Qbv, Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), can be used to manage and control Scheduled Traffic (ST) streams with periodic properties along with Best-Effort (BE) traffic on the same network infrastructure. We investigate the effects of using the IEEE 802.1Qcc management protocol to accurately and precisely configure TAS enabled switches (with transmission windows governed by Gate Control Lists (GCLs) with Gate Control Entries (GCEs)) ensuring ultra-low bounded latency, zero packet loss, and minimal jitter for ST TSN traffic. We examine both a centralized network/distributed user model (hybrid model) and a fully-distributed (decentralized) 802.1Qcc model on a typical industrial control network with the goal of maximizing the number of ST streams.
A multi-link communication connectivity game under hostile interference
Authors: H.Vincent Poor  , Narayan B. Mandayam  , Wade Trappe  , Andrey Garnaev
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we consider a communication connectivity problem involving a primary user (transmitter, for example, a Ground Control Station (GCS)) servicing a group of secondary users (receivers, for example, drones) under hostile interference. We formulate this multi-link communication connectivity problem, where the channels are affected by Rayleigh fading, as a zero-sum power resource allocation game between a transmitter and an adversary (jammer). The transmitter's objective is to maximize the probability of communication connectivity with all the receivers. It is proven that the problem has unique equilibrium in power allocation strategies, and the equilibrium is derived in closed form. Moreover, we reduce the problem of designing the equilibrium in power resource allocation strategies to the problem of finding a fixed point of a real-valued function. An algorithm based on the bisection method to find the fixed point (and so equilibrium strategies) is developed, and its convergence is proven.
Bimbingan Keagamaan dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kenakalan Remaja
Authors: Radiyah Nooralmira Ageng , Guntara Yudi
Published: September 2021

Masa remaja adalah masa transisi perkembangan antara masa kanak-kanak dan masa dewasa. perilaku remaja yang mudah terpengaruh memerlukan bimbingan keagamaan agar remaja tidak mudah terpengaruh kepada hal negatif seperti kenakalan remaja yang akan merugikan dirinya sendiri dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui program, proses, hasil serta faktor kendala dan pendukung dalam bimbingan keagamaan. Adapun pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif berupa reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan terdapat beberapa program bimbingan keagamaan dalam upaya pencegahan kenakalan remaja yaitu dimulai dari program harian, mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan seperti pelajaran jurumiyah, sejarah islam, tauhid dan fiqih adapun kesenian islam dan tradisional serta kegiatan olahraga, pusat informasi konseling remaja, pengajian bulanan, ziarah, kuliah subuh, membimbing pengajian DTA, Baros fun competitions, pentas seni dan lomba ceramah
Organizational Culture and Impact on Opportunities for Professional Advancement
Authors:   CUNY, Massimino Phoebe , Turner Kay ,   Fordham University
Published: September 2021

This paper explores why some demographics, who are relatively new to the ranks of white collar corporate America, may encounter difficulties while navigating the unwritten rules that create the foundation for success in contemporary corporate culture; and suffer unintended consequences to their employment and career advancement. Here we discuss evolving paradigms of diversity initiatives including diversity as demographics vs. diversity of ideas, and how organizational culture may impact the attainment of diversity goals, and by extension, attainment of promotional opportunities for corporate novices. Finally, this paper will examine the role of business organizations in valuing diversity, and the obligation of educational institutions in preparing diverse candidates with knowledge of business etiquette and valuing business culture.
Ethics–Comparing Ethical Egoism with Confucius’s Golden Rule
Authors:   Marist College, Fang Jianing , Slavin Nathan ,   Hofstra University
Published: September 2021

Both the Eastern and Western societies have an extensive and celebrated history of ethics education. Although normative ethics have been rigorously studied epistemologically and vigorously debated, abstract ethics theories are very difficult to interpret or apply. On the other hand, applied ethical standards can usually provide more direct guidance on specific personal or business conduct in determining whether it is ethical. In this paper, we will focus on the Ethical Egoism principle. Five examples of real-world personal and/or business conducts will be provided to demonstrate how to apply this ethical standard. We will also apply Confucius’s Golden Rule to the same examples in determining whether the similar ethical evaluations can be observed.
A Case for using a Real Asset Transaction Approach for Estimating the Cost of Capital from Rural Telephone Company Data
Authors:   Rutgers, Glass Victor
Published: September 2021

This paper develops a real asset transaction approach for estimating the cost of capital for rural telephone companies whose financial assets are not publicly traded. The transaction approach uses the actual purchase prices of rural local exchange carriers (RLECs)’ properties and cash flows for estimating the rate of return required by buyers and sellers of RLEC properties. The transaction approach produces higher cost of capital estimates than a traditional approach using a weighted average of debt and equity costs of proxy companies traded on organized exchanges. The estimated difference is in line with the risk premium estimated for small non-traded companies estimated by Duff and Phelps Ibbotson.
Countercyclical capital buffer in the Slovak banking sector
Authors: Sljuka Nina
Published: September 2021

The essence of banks’ capital lies in the protection against potential risks or losses and represents a protective layer for their creditors. Confidence in the banking system generally results from setting the conditions for its regulation. The purpose of regulation is to limit the riskiness of banks in their activities by setting capital requirements that banks must maintain given the volume and structure of their assets. The aim of the paper work is to determine the impact of capital regulation on the profitability and lending behaviour of the Slovak banking sector with a focus on the countercyclical capital buffer. The work is divided into the five parts. It contains two pictures and six tables. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical definition of the nature and need for regulation of the bank's capital. Within the chapter it‘s characterized the current situation that persists in the Slovak banking sector. The content of the second chapter is a brief review of the literature which studies examined the impact of the introduction of a countercyclical capital buffer on the profitability of commercial banks as well as their lending behaviour. The next part characterizes the aim of the work, used the methods and the methodology of researching the issue. The fourth part deals with the econometric analysis of the change of selected variables with respect to the level of the countercyclical capital buffer in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. The final part is used to evaluate the results and drawing conclusions.
Analysis and Improvement on A Lightweight Two-factor Authentication Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks in Health-care IoT
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China, Mai Kaiqiang , Kang Baoyuan ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China, Li Rui ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
Published: September 2021

Recently, medical and healthcare associations have gradually begun to use the Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks to monitor, collect data, and use wireless body area networks (WBANs) to communicate with patients. However, due to the characteristics of wireless networks that can freely access data on public channels, WBANs face some problems in the security and privacy protection. At the same time, some authentication schemes for wireless body area networks have also been proposed. In this paper, we carefully analyze Fotouhi et al.’s authentication scheme for wireless body area networks in health-care IoT and find that Fotouhi et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to several weaknesses. The main shortcoming of Fotouhi et al.’s scheme is that it takes up too much storage space of each entity during the registration and authentication phase. To overcome the shortcomings of Fotouhi et al.’s scheme, we propose an improved scheme. In our improved scheme, each entity will store less data than Fotouhi et al.’s scheme in the registration phase. Furthermore, we make the gateway node store as little data as possible by adding some key information to the transmitted messages in the authentication phase of the improved scheme. These measures can greatly save a lot of storage space and improve efficiency. We also investigate the security of the improved scheme in informal analysis and formal analysis.
Cultural Embedding: the Logic and Strategy of the Construction of Rural Civilization in the New Era
Authors:   Huzhou Institute of Administration, 6SanTianMen Road, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, Hu Zhanguang
Published: September 2021

Culture is the core element of local civilization, and its “embedded” characteristics and value are an important resources for the construction of local civilization. In the new era, the social environment in rural areas has undergone structural changes, and it is difficult to solve the public, organization and participation of the construction of rural customs and civilization to resolve themselves, and the root cause lies in the lack or absence of culture. Under the background of rural revitalization, through the integration of multiple cultural embedding into the rural social structure system, it plays an irreplaceable role in standardizing the rural order and building a rural community, and can inject new elements and new momentum into the construction of rural civilization. Based on this, taking “embeddings” as the theoretical framework and analysis tool, analyzed the internal logic of cultural embedding, and combined with the practice of rural civilization construction, discussed the feasibility of cultural embedding as rural civilization construction in Zhejiang Huzhou.
Genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines, 2013–2014
Authors: Chilam Jeremiah , Argimon Silvia , Limas Marilyn , Masim Melissa , Gayeta June , Lagrada Marietta , Olorosa Agnettah , Cohen Victoria , Hernandez Lara , Jeffrey Benjamin , Abudahab Khalil , Hufano Charmian , Sia Sonia , Holden Matthew , Stelling John , Aanensen David , Carlos Celia
Published: September 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes nosocomial infections resistant to treatment. Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are increasing, as are rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and possible extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infections. Our objective was to characterize the molecular epidemiology and AMR mechanisms of this pathogen. We sequenced the whole genome for each of 176 P. aeruginosa isolates collected in the Philippines in 2013–2014; derived the multilocus sequence type (MLST), presence of AMR determinants and relatedness between isolates; and determined concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance. Carbapenem resistance was associated with loss of function of the OprD porin and acquisition of the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene blaVIM. Concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 93.27% overall for six antibiotics in three classes, but varied among minoglycosides. The population of P. aeruginosa was diverse, with clonal expansions of XDR genomes belonging to MLSTs ST235, ST244, ST309 and ST773. We found evidence of persistence or reintroduction of the predominant clone ST235 in one hospital, and of transfer between hospitals. Most of the ST235 genomes formed a distinct lineage from global genomes, thus raising the possibility that they may be unique to the Philippines. In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including blaVIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. The survey bridges the gap in genomic data from the Western Pacific Region and will be useful for ongoing surveillance; it also highlights the importance of curtailing the spread of ST235 within the Philippines.
Estimating the national burden of hospitalizations for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2016
Authors: Khamphaphongphane Bouaphanh , Chiew May , Mott Joshua , Khamphanoulath Sombandith , Khanthamaly Viengphone , Vilivong Keooudomphone , Sisouk Thongchanh , Bell Leila , Dueger Erica , Sullivan Sheena , Iuliano Angela Daniella , Keosavanh Onechanh
Published: September 2021

Objective: Estimates of the burden of influenza are needed to inform prevention and control activities for seasonal influenza, including to support the development of appropriate vaccination policies. We used sentinel surveillance data on severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) to estimate the burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Methods: Using methods developed by the World Health Organization, we combined data from hospital logbook reviews with epidemiological and virological data from influenza surveillance from 1 January to 31 December 2016 in defined catchment areas for two sentinel sites (Champasack and Luang Prabang provincial hospitals) to derive population-based estimates of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates. Hospitalization rates by age group were then applied to national age-specific population estimates using 2015 census data. Results: We estimated the overall influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rate to be 48/100 000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44–51) or 3097 admissions (95% CI: 2881–3313). SARI hospitalization rates were estimated to be as low as 40/100 000 population (95% CI: 37–43) and as high as 92/100 000 population (95% CI: 87–98) after accounting for SARI patient underascertainment in hospital logbooks. Influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates were highest in children aged <5 years (219; 95% CI: 198–241) and persons aged >=65 years (106; 95% CI: 91–121). Discussion: Our findings have identified age groups at higher risk for influenza-associated SARI hospitalization, which will support policy decisions for influenza prevention and control strategies, including for vaccination. Further work is needed to estimate the burdens of outpatient influenza and influenza in specific high-risk subpopulations.
Şematik Tasarım Evresinde Mimari Form Alternatiflerine Yönelik Taşıyıcı Sistem Davranışlarının Görselleştirilmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Salih
Published: September 2021

Mimari formun belirlendiği şematik tasarım aşaması küçük değişimlerle en büyük faydaların üretilebildiği evredir. Şematik tasarım evresinde güneş ışığından faydalanma miktarı, hâkim rüzgâr yönleri, topoğrafya, çevre yapılarla kurulan ilişki, iklim özellikleri gibi verilere oldukça dikkat edilse de yapının strüktürel davranışları göz önüne alınamamaktadır. Bunun nedenleri, strüktürel analiz için uzmanlaşmış tasarımcı veya mühendisin ön tasarım evresinde genellikle yer almamasıdır. Strüktür tasarımcısı yapı formunun belli bir gelişmişlik düzeyine ulaştığı evrede tasarıma katkı sunmaya başlamaktadır. Yapının ana formunun belirlenmiş olduğu bu evrede strüktürel veriler tasarımı besleyen bilgi olmaktan ziyade, tasarımı gerçekleştirmek için çözümler üreten görevini üstlenmektedir. Taşıyıcı sistem hesaplamalarında zemin davranışları, sismik özellikler, malzemelerin dayanım verileri ve binanın hangi amaçla kullanılacağı gibi fazla sayıda bileşen bulunmaktadır. Yapısal özelliklerin bu düzeyde detaylı bir analizine, zaten tasarım süreçlerine yoğunlaşmış olan mimarın vakit ayırması genellikle mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu aşamada eldeki sınırlı tasarım girdileriyle yapısal davranışa yönelik veriler elde etmek, ileri tasarım aşamasında yapılacak detaylı analizlere ve yönetmeliklerin zorunlu tuttuğu standartlara uyulmasına katkı verecektir. Yapısal elemanlara taşıyıcı malzeme ve kesit atamasına izin veren öneri tasarım aracı, yapının ağırlığını ve maksimum gerilmelerin oluştuğu bölgeleri ön tasarım aşamasında kullanıcıya sunacaktır. Bu çalışmada şematik tasarım aşamasında, mimari formun ortaya çıkmaya başlamasıyla beraber hem parametrik tasarıma hem de geleneksek tasarıma yönelik strüktürel analizler yapıp sonuçlar üretebilecek hesap aracı önerilmekte ve üretilen modeller üzerinden sonuçlar karşılaştırılmaktadır.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN FILMS CONTAINING LINEZOLID FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS
Authors: A. Sanjana , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar , Gowda B. H. Jaswanth ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte - 575 018, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Published: September 2021

The study was aimed to formulate a dental film containing linezolid, a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent which could be easily placed into the periodontal pocket and be capable of delivering therapeutic concentrations of drug for prolonged periods and also reducing the side effects. In the present investigation, chitosan strips containing linezolid in three different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 %w/w with respect to the weight of polymer) were prepared by the solvent casting method, by using 1 %V/V acetic acid solution. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various properties such as weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, moisture loss, tensile strength, in vitro release, release kinetic study and stability studies. The weight variation and thickness were found to be in the range of (0.99-1.58 mg) and (0.92-1.76 mm), the moisture content, folding endurance was found to be maximum for the plain film and minimum for the drug containing formulation. The tensile strength was found to be in the range of (2.44-1.43 kg/ mm2 ) for the formulation. The dissolution studies showed a burst release initially followed by a progressive fall in the release of the drug (91.15 - 95.87 %) and the release kinetics followed the zero-order pattern. The short term stability studies were conducted and there were no significant changes observed. Hence, low dose, site-specific linezolid film is a potential tool for the treatment of periodontitis.
RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF LORNOXICAM IN TABLETS AND IN DISSOLUTION SAMPLES USING MASS SPECTROMETRIC COMPATIBLE BUFFERS
Authors: Marella Vijaya Lakshmi , S. N Chaitanya ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada - 520 010, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

A selective and sensitive reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of lornoxicam in bulk, pharmaceutical dosage forms and in dissolution samples. The analysis was performed isocratically on an Inertsil column (250* 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a mass spectrometric compatible mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (50:50 V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 290 nm. The retention time was found to be 4.573 min for lornoxicam. The linearity of the method has been satisfied with Beer Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 5-25 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. The mean recoveries assessed for lornoxicam were in the range of 100.39-101.86 %, indicating good accuracy of the method. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.03 and 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method has been statistically validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and found to be mass spectrometric compatible, simple, precise, and accurate with the prescribed values. Thus, the proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of lornoxicam in routine quality control analysis of bulk, formulations and in dissolution samples.
Policy Analysis on Education in Emergencies (EiE) and Flexible Learning Options (FLOs) for Senior High School (SHS) in the Philippines
Authors: Fontanos Naomi , Gonzales Junette Fatima , Lucasan Kathrina Lorraine , Ocampo Dina
Published: September 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the basic education sector in the Philippines. In the public school system, the pandemic has not only disrupted schooling by shifting the beginning of the school year (SY) 2020-20201 at a later time, it has also necessitated a shift to alternative learning delivery strategies including the use of more flexible face-to-face, distance and blended learning. This paper focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the K to 12 senior high school (SHS) program and the need to offer flexible learning options (FLOs) to upper secondary learners. It examines the policies the Department of Education (DepEd) has initiated in continuing learning during the pandemic and providing education through FLOs using the INEE’s domain standards on EiE. From this policy analysis, the paper identified some gaps that need to be addressed through the following recommendations 1) intensify FLO guidelines to meet the different needs and contexts of learners especially the marginalized; 2) develop an EiE policy; 3) improve teachinglearning by strengthening communication channels, formative assessment, and multimedia learning materials; 4) provide offline and online options for SHS tracks; 5) explore the use of videos, mobile training centers and flexible times of study.
The Perceptions of Pre-service Teachers on Bachelor of Education Program in Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan
Authors: Robledo Dave Arthur , Muhammad Ghulam , Ur Rahman Aftab
Published: September 2021

The provision of quality teachers by teacher preparation programs determines the quality of education in schools. The study aimed to define pre-service teachers' beliefs about teacher education and include recommendations for improving teacher education, given the importance of teacher education for the quality of education in educational institutions. The study included 45 pre-service teachers from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University's education department in Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 30 people were chosen for inclusion in the analysis using a purposive random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed, validated, and piloted to ensure its accuracy. The information was gathered using self-administered questionnaires and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square significance test. The study found that pre-service teachers in the institute are satisfied with their needs and demands through teacher education, that teacher education curricula are tailored to the needs of pre-service teachers, that subject content courses are appropriate, that the scope of teaching practicum is broad, that training is linked to practical school experiences, and that school management courses are offered. The pedagogy courses help pre-service teachers improve their teaching skills, and they receive adequate training in evaluation methods. There are also quality academic research activities. The study suggested that pre-service teachers attend orientation sessions to learn about their needs and demands, which could be met through teacher preparation. Teacher education curricula are revised to provide more realistic exposure to the school's atmosphere and activities.
The Role of Teachers in Career Guidance of Students at Secondary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Alamzeb  , Ali Arshad , Ullah Atta
Published: September 2021

Secondary education decides students' career paths, and teachers at this level play an important role in students' career guidance by assisting them in subject selection and providing career knowledge. Given the importance of teachers in secondary school students' career guidance, the study looked into the role of secondary school teachers in secondary school students' career guidance. The study's goals were to determine the role of teachers in secondary school career guidance and to suggest strategies for secondary school students' career guidance. The study population was 3,247 high-school students from the Swat district, with a sample of 346 students chosen using simple random sampling for data collection. The information was gathered using a self-made questionnaire and evaluated using mean ratings, standard deviation, and the chi-square test. They discovered that teachers play an important role in secondary school career guidance because they serve as role models for students, identify students' career aspirations and abilities, assist in the integration of students' aspirations and potentials, assist in the subject selection, provide career guidance, identify potential careers, and provide career information and requirements. The study also suggested that teachers' capacity for providing career guidance at the secondary level be developed and the inclusion of career guidance subjects at the secondary level.
Automatic Number plate detection for law enforcement using optical recognition system
Authors:   Chandigarh University Punjab, INDIA, Gupta Meenu , Kumar Rakesh ,   Chandigarh University Punjab, INDIA, Sood Arpit ,   Chandigarh University Punjab, INDIA, Kaur Gagandeep , Rastogi Shikha ,   Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, New Delhi, INDIA
Published: September 2021

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is a specialized type of Optical Character Recognition System (OCR). It is a method of reading a vehicle's license plate using OCR to create vehicle registry or location data. ANPR is utilized by a variety of agencies around the world to enforce the law, including determining whether a vehicle is registered or not. Government entities, such as highways agencies, can categorize traffic movements for computerized toll collection. Images of the text from the license plate can be stored and processed using the ANPR system. Infrared cameras are often employed to take photographs in any lighting condition, whether it is day or night. To be more accurate ANPR technology should also consider plate variations from place to place.
Stabilitas Genetik Potensi Hasil Pada Beberapa Varietas Tebu
Authors: Nurcahya Cahya , Widyasari Wiwit Budi , Yuniasari Nurika Aini , Lindawati Sylvia
Published: September 2021

Salah satu kriteria dalam menentukan varietas tebu unggul adalah memiliki hasil tebu serta stabilitas yang tinggi. Hambatan dalam menentukan varietas unggul tebu adalah besarnya pengaruh interaksi genetik x lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan stabilitas genetik hasil tebu pada beberapa varietas harapan tebu. Penelitian dilakukan di 4 lokasi yaitu Jatiroto, Malang, Pasuruan dan Madura pada masa tanam (MT) 2016/2017 dan MT 2017/2018. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 14 varietas unggul harapan dan 2 varietas unggul bina sebagai kontrol. Rancangan percobaan berupa rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan terdiri dari 6 juring panjang 6 meter. Hasil tebu digunakan untuk menilai stabilitas varietas yang diuji menggunakan metode AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 66,7% keragaman dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, 16,4% genotipe dan 13,2% interaksi genotipe x lingkungan. Hasil analisis AMMI menunjukkan PC1 sebagai komponen utama interaksi yang nyata dengan kontribusi mencapai 64,5 % dari total keragaman interaksi genotipe x lingkungan. Penilaian stabilitas berdasarkan nilai absolut PC1 dan biplot AMMI1 menunjukkan varietas G8, G1 dan G10 memiliki peringkat stabilitas paling tinggi namun hasil tebu yang rendah. Varietas G4 beradaptasi baik pada lokasi Jatiroto dan Malang. Varietas G6, G7, G11 dan G14 memiliki potensi hasil tebu dan stabilitas tinggi sehingga berpotensi untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul baru.
Gelotology as an example of a therapeutic method for children, adolescents and adults
Authors: Błaszczak Amanda
Published: September 2021

Currently, the use of laughter as a form of treatment and support is not very popular. The purpose of this article is to try to discuss gelotology as an example of a therapeutic method that can be used not only for adults, but also for children and adolescents. This paper presents the most important issues related to laughter therapy. Research shows that humour plays an important role in the healing process. Its positive effects contribute to the reduction of symptoms of many different diseases and disorders that are often associated with pain and suffering. Laughter becomes an important therapeutic tool, the use of which contributes to the improvement of the mental and physical condition of an individual, which is why it is worth learning more about it.
Well-being in e-school and the quality of life of youth in a pandemic
Authors: Buczak Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to diagnose the well-being of schoolchildren in the conditions of online learning in relation to the subjectively perceived quality of life in a pandemic. The psychometrically verified My well-being in e-school questionnaire and the Polish version of the KIDSCREEN 10 questionnaire were used. The research was conducted via the Internet (Google Forms) ensuring the anonymity of participants. The results were obtained from 360 students of 7th and 8th grades of primary schools and 1st grade of secondary schools of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The results of the research indicate the deterioration of the well-being of young people in the conditions of online learning in the field of psychophysical health (overload of prolonged sitting in front of the computer, pain in the eyes, head and spine). The well-being of youth in e-school significantly correlates with the quality of life related to health. The quality-of-life index of the examined youth is significantly lower compared to the results of the normalizing sample for the Polish population, taking into account the age and gender criteria. These results may indicate the deterioration of the psychophysical condition of youth caused by the pandemic. Due to the possible long-term effects of online learning, social isolation and limited possibilities of self-fulfilment, other problems related to the prolonged state of the epidemic, further in-depth (also qualitative) research on the health, well-being and quality of life of schoolchildren is indicated.
The Montenegrin Law on Freedom of Religion or Beliefs and Legal Status of Religious Communities
Authors: Robbers Gerhard
Published: September 2021

The European Court of Human Rights has underlined that freedom of religion or belief is one of the foundations of a democratic society. It is seriously endangered when churches, temples, monasteries and other religious institutions owned by religious communities are arbitrarily expropriated by the state.

This study analyses the Law on Freedom of Religion and Belief and the Legal Status of Religious Communities of Montenegro of 2019 in light of international human rights instruments and in light of Montenegro's possible accession to the European Union.
Decoding Online Islam: New Religious Authorities and Social-Media Encounters
Authors: Saenong Farid F. ,   Academic Publishing
Published: September 2021

Media technologies are being utilised as an effective medium to distribute diverse messages including religious messages. Numerous Muslim preachers have taken advantage of the advance of information technology in order to reach vast audiences and establish their religious authority. However, recipients do not accept the messages blindly. Recipients critically filter and examine all information available online, including religious messages. Making use of Hall’s encoding-decoding theory, despite Sven Ross’s and David Morley’s criticism, this article analyses how encoding and decoding processes work for both messenger (preacher) and recipient respectively. This may ensure the presence of hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional positions when audiences make sense of messages. Basalamah is arguably one of Indonesia’s most favoured preachers who utilises YouTube as a medium to proselytise. This article studies how Basalamah’s online audiences, both in Indonesia and overseas, examine and make sense of the religious messages he communicates through the internet.
Race
Authors: Olson Cora , Simpson Claire ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

We argue that dominant white cultural views and public health co-produce race as a technology that charts the path of viral transmission away from the white bodies to form a trajectory for an otherwise aimless disease. This epistemological project is one enmeshed in popular culture, medical practice, and biopolitics. COVID-19 and the related Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement work together to make visible the narrative technologies. This project contributes to understanding race and public health as co-constituted in ways that shape imaginative possibilities, material and agential realties, and health outcomes in light of COVID-19. Our argument is novel in naming race a technology of American public health and taking up Coeckelbergh and Reijers’ call for a normative theory of narrative technology. We extend Coeckelbergh and Reijers’ narrative technologies to include race, a narrative artifact, co-produced by biology, public health, and individual actors.
Evaluating the Nature and Extent of Burglary at Residential Premises in Namakgale Policing Area, South Africa
Authors: Mundlovu M. , Khosa D. , Zenzile E.
Published: September 2021

The main objective of this paper was to explore the nature and extent of burglary at residential grounds in the Namakgale policing area, after realisation of higher manifestations and uncontrollable nature of this crime. This paper utilised a qualitative research approach, supported by the phenomenological research design. Altogether, 30 participants were purposively selected from diverse target groups, which consists of the South African Police Service Detectives, uniform police officers, Community Policing Forum (CPF) members and managers, Community Leaders and Faith-based organisation leaders, and local community members. The objectives of the paper were realised by the use of one-on-one semi-structured interviews for data collection, and thematic analysis, in order to analyse the gathered data.
Research findings of this paper revealed that the current strategies of traditional policing, such as a) foot patrolling offered by the selected stakeholders, and b) the vehicle patrolling rendered by the local SAPS members, are deemed to be ineffective. There is an increase in the number of burglaries at residential premises at Namakgale policing area, and the reported cases tend to be often unsolved. There are constant complaints made by community members about burglary in their premises. It is also established that security systems can play an essential role in deterring the commission of this crime and the failing trust within the community members and the local SAPS should be rebuilding.
This empirical research paper recommends that Namakgale community, local SAPS and other relevant stakeholders should clearly understand the Modus Operandi (MO) used in the commission of this ordeal crime. The understanding of the MO would serve as a detail-rich information and subsequently influence strategies, on how to effectively respond to this crime.
The seasonal development of Crocus in the Mari El Republic conditions
Authors: Okach Mariya Aleksandrovna , Mukhametova Svetlana Valer'evna , Lyamina Galina Vileninovna
Published: September 2021

Crocuses are beautifully flowering corm-bearing plants. They begin the growing season immediately after the snow melts. The research contains the results of phenological observations of 2014-2019 for plants of 6 Crocus taxa in the conditions of the Mari El Republic. Cultivars with early, medium and late periods of phenophase passage were identified. A flowering phenospectrum of the studied crocuses has been compiled. Crocuses vegetate from mid-April to early June for 40-50 days, and bloom from the third decade of April to early May. C. chrysanthus 'Prince Cloues' is characterized by the earliest unfolding of leaves and a short duration of their growth. The greatest value for landscaping is C. versicolor, characterized by the longest growing season and the earliest flowering, as well as C. chrysanthus ' Romance’ and C. angustifolia, characterized by the longest flowering within 2 weeks. The flowering of C. sieberi 'Spring Beauty’ is unstable. The obtained data on the seasonal development of crocuses can be used when including them in rockeries, alpine slides and other flower beds in natural-style gardens.
The development of business character traits of high school students based on economic stereotypes
Authors: Malakhova Ekaterina Valerievna , Stepanov Evgenii Aleksandrovich , Yanova Marina Gennadievna
Published: September 2021

This article provides the results of theoretical research aimed at determination of the impact of economic stereotypes upon the formation of business character traits of high school students in the Far North. Students’ representations on the economy are determined as the value foundations for understanding life activity for their effective inclusion into the system of socioeconomic relations. In order to develop the methods for overcoming economic stereotypes by high school students, the authors solved the following tasks: outline the conceptual framework of the term “economic stereotypes”; carry out the analysis of their impact upon human behavior; reveal contradictions in the representations of high school students; determine the key economic stereotypes of high school students of the Far North and the need to overcome them in modern conditions. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for the formation of adequate perception of economic reality among youth of the Far North, which would eliminate negative economic stereotypes on the one hand, and contribute to the development of business character traits on the other. The main conclusion lies in identification of such economic stereotypes in the youth consciousness that impede young people in submerging into the economic environment and organizing entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of the Far North. The authors believe that the most effective strategy for overcoming negative economic stereotypes of high school students that hinder their productive economic activity lies in strengthening of the role of education in this sphere, as well as increasing the level of economic competence of the pedagogues and the parents.
Individual psychological peculiarities of the inconsistency between cognitive and socio-psychological development of students
Authors: Iurtaeva Marina Nikolaevna , Glukhanyuk Natalya Stepanovna
Published: September 2021

The subject of this article is the search for individual psychological peculiarities of the inconsistency between cognitive and socio-psychological development of students. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the theoretical diversity of research on the inconsistency in psychology and the need for the development of socio-cultural and cognitive skills in the educational process. A hypothesis is advanced that the inconsistency between the processes of cognitive and socio-personal development would be variable, determining the individual psychological methods of its resolution. The goal of this research lies in conjoint analysis of cognitive and personal characteristics for assessing the inconsistency of students’ development. The author applies the correlational research design, which is defined by the goal of research and specificity of the sampling. The survey involved 34 students (18 boys and 16 girls) of the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Ural Federal University aged 18-22 (M=18.3 3 SD=0.79). The article employs the psychodiagnostic questionnaires: Aizenka EPI test; short version of the “Dark Triad of Personality” scale adapted by M. S. Egorova and others; characterological questionnaire by G. Schmishek, “Rational-experiential” questionnaire by S. Epstein adapted by T. V. Kornilova, A. Y. Razvalyaeva; Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The following gender differences are revealed: for the female students, cognitive and personal characteristics are generally more interrelated, while the pronounced affective personality traits testify to the possible tension in social communication; male students demonstrated greater proneness to rational processing of information and formation of engineering skills, while weakness of integration of the inner and outer Self, which may increase narcissistic traits, reduce self-criticism, and cause difficulties in establishment and maintenance of social contacts. The acquired results empirically  prove the importance of socio-psychological competence, and allow differentiating the technologies of its formation in the educational process.
The problems and peculiarities of G. P. Shchedrovitsky's reform of mindset, science, pedagogy and other fields of knowledge
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the creative path of G. P. Shchedrovitsky and the programs for reforming different fields of knowledge (mindset, science, pedagogy, design, etc.). The author claims that Shchedrovitsky formed the approach towards studying the indicated fields of knowledge under the influence of the works of A. A. Zinoviev and L. S. Vygotsky, Marxist doctrine, Scientist attitudes of that time. However, there was a different perspective on the reforms in the three key periods and programs of the Moscow Methodological Circle – creation of the theory of reasoning, theory of activity, and concept of mental activity. In the first period, it was deemed that the reforms will be successful if the reformers follow the method of reasoning developed by Marx in “Das Kapital”; in the second period – if the subjects and fields of knowledge under reform will be viewed as transformed in the context of philosophical, scientific, and practical reasoning; as well as activity (including mental activity). within the framework of which these subject and fields were created, will be subsequently reconstructed. The author examines the peculiarities of implementation of Shchedrovitsky’s reforms and assesses this work negatively. Namely because from the author’s perspective, Shchedrovitsky, on the one hand, did not give due attention to the structure and life of the studied complex phenomena, while on the other hand, designing them as the ideal objects, which is a necessary condition for philosophical and scientific research, he first and foremost fulfilled his personal values and attitudes, ascribing corresponding values to the ideal objects. The author believes that this is an expected outcome, since Shchedrovitsky's methodology for creating the ideal objects did not suggest ascertainment of the structure and life of the corresponding real phenomena.
Oscillation criteria for linear difference equations with several variable delays
Authors: Benekas Vasileios , Garab Ábel , Kashkynbayev Ardak , Stavroulakis Ioannis P.
Published: September 2021

We obtain new sufficient criteria for the oscillation of all solutions of linear delay difference equations with several (variable) finite delays. Our results relax numerous well-known limes inferior-type oscillation criteria from the literature by letting the limes inferior be replaced by the limes superior under some additional assumptions related to slow variation. On the other hand, our findings generalize an oscillation criterion recently given for the case of a constant, single delay.