bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PVHybNet: a hybrid framework for predicting photovoltaic power generation using both weather forecast and observation data
Authors: Carrera Berny , Sim Min‐Kyu , Jung Jae‐Yoon
Published: January 2020

Photovoltaics has gained popularity as a renewable energy source in recent decades. The main challenge for this energy source is the instability in the amount of generated energy owing to its strong dependency on the weather. Therefore, prediction of solar power generation is important for reliable and efficient operation. Popular data sources for predictors are largely divided into recent weather records and numerical weather predictions. This study proposes adequate deep neural networks that can utilise each data source or both. Focusing on a 24‐hour‐ahead prediction problem, the authors first design two deep neural networks for prediction: a deep feedforward network that uses the weather forecast data and a recurrent neural network that uses recent weather observations. Finally, a hybrid network, named PVHybNet, combines the both networks to enhance their prediction performance. In predicting the solar power generation by Yeongam power plant in South Korea, the final model yields an R‐squared value of 92.7%. The results support the effectiveness of the combined network that utilises both weather forecasts and recent weather observations. The authors also demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms several machine learning models.
Equilibrium state of a price‐maker energy hub in a competitive market with price uncertainties
Authors: Heidari Ahmad , Mortazavi Seyed Saeidollah , Bansal Ramesh C.
Published: January 2020

This study proposes the optimal bidding of a price‐maker energy hub. It employs game theory for optimal bidding strategy in a competitive and equilibrium market. The high flexibility of the energy hub helps it to make a profit from participation in the energy market. This price‐maker energy hub has some energy converters and combined heat and power to deliver energy to its loads. The strategy is that the proposed energy hub maximises its profit with the presence of other rival energy hubs. There are price uncertainties modelled by the Monte Carlo simulation. Incomplete information in the competitive market is modelled by the game theory, which causes the problem to be stochastic and equilibrium programming. The proposed solution for this problem uses stochastic bi‐level programming. The optimal bidding strategy of price‐maker energy hub is modelled in the upper level, and modelling of market clearance is at the lower level. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated in comparative case studies. The obtained results show the efficiency of the equilibrium environment in profit maximisation. The effect of price uncertainty in profit maximisation is also compared with the deterministic case study.
Estimation of solar photovoltaic energy curtailment due to volt–watt control
Authors: Emmanuel Michael , Giraldez Julieta , Gotseff Peter , Hoke Anderson
Published: January 2020

The widespread deployment of autonomous inverter‐based solutions for mitigating voltage and frequency excursions caused by high‐penetration photovoltaic (PV) systems has drawn increased attention due to their potential impact on PV production. It is now important to quantify the amount of solar energy curtailed as a result of the activation of inverter‐based grid support functions (GSFs). This study proposes a methodology for estimating the impact of volt–watt on customer PV energy curtailment using smart meter voltage data. This method estimates maximum possible curtailment for a given volt–watt curve based on the customer smart meter voltage during the time period of interest. This study compares the proposed methodology with field measurements using irradiance and customer inverter data from Hawaii as well as with results from a previous simulation‐driven study on the impact of advanced inverter GSF activation on PV energy curtailment. Results show that the proposed method for estimating lost PV production caused by volt–watt control aligns reasonably well with field measurements and computer simulations for hundreds of customers. The proposed method could be used to estimate customer energy curtailment, which could inform future compensation mechanisms for utilities leveraging customer‐sited resources to mitigate high voltage and defer infrastructure upgrades.
Design and implementation of dielectric windows for detection of radial deformation of HV transformer winding using radar imaging
Authors: Mahmoodi Masoume , Abadi Seyyed Mahdi N.R. , Karami Hossein , Hejazi Maryam A. , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: January 2020

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method has been recently proposed for online radial deformation detection of high voltage transformer windings. In this method, electromagnetic waves should be transmitted toward the transformer windings through an antenna. The antenna should be moved along the height of the transformer. Since electromagnetic waves cannot penetrate the metal tank, a window is required on the body of the transformer tank to transmit waves toward the winding. The proper design of such a window and investigation of SAR imaging methods with the existence of it, is necessary to make the previous SAR imaging studies applicable to the transformer winding. Therefore, in order to study the design and implementation of a dielectric window, a prototype of a tank with a dielectric window is built considering electrical and mechanical constraints. The experimental results show the feasibility of applying the SAR imaging for localisation of radial deformation with the existence of a dielectric window in real transformers.
On the observability inequality of coupled wave equations: the case without boundary
Authors: Cui Yan , Laurent Camille , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the observability and controllability of wave equations coupled by first or zero order terms on a compact manifold. We adopt the approach in Dehman-Lebeau’s paper [B. Dehman and G. Lebeau, SIAM J. Control Optim. 48 (2009) 521–550.] to prove that: the weak observability inequality holds for wave equations coupled by first order terms on compact manifold without boundary if and only if a class of ordinary differential equations related to the symbol of the first order terms along the Hamiltonian flow are exactly controllable. We also compute the higher order part of the observability constant and the observation time. By duality, we obtain the controllability of the dual control system in a finite co-dimensional space. This gives the full controllability under the assumption of unique continuation of eigenfunctions. Moreover, these results can be applied to the systems of wave equations coupled by zero order terms of cascade structure after an appropriate change of unknowns and spaces. Finally, we provide some concrete examples as applications where the unique continuation property indeed holds.
Research on semi-active vibration isolation system based on electromagnetic spring
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Yang Xuefeng , Li Wei , Zheng Jiayu , Wang Yuqiao , Fan Mengbao
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a semi-active variable stiffness vibration isolation system based on electromagnetic spring for the low-frequency vibration isolation of mass-varying objects. It is achieved by four straight leaf springs in parallel to an electromagnetic spring system composed of a single electromagnet and a permanent magnet. The equivalent magnetic circuit method is used to compute electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic spring system, and mathematical model of the semi-active vibration isolation system is established according to Maxwell's equations. The nonlinear mathematical model is linearized at the equilibrium point by using the Taylor series expansion theorem to establish linear state-space representation of the system, and then using the traditional PID control method, a double closed-loop feedback control system of the inner current loop and outer location loop is designed. By controlling the current in the coil, the equivalent stiffness and electromagnetic force of the system are variable to achieve semi-active control. Furthermore, the control block diagram of the semi-active vibration isolation system is built based on Simulink software, then make a simulation analysis to the vibration isolation performance of the system and compare the effects of vibration isolation with inner current loop control and without inner current loop control, respectively. Finally, the experiments prove the correctness of the theory. It concludes that this semi-active vibration isolation system is a vibration isolation system with broad application prospects, which has fast current response, high vibration isolation efficiency, and an excellent vibration isolation effect for the low-frequency disturbance of mass-varying objects.
Primäre Gehirntumoren und zerebrale Metastasen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Für den Nachweis diagnose- und therapierelevanter Genbefunde in Tumoren stellt die Gewebeanalyse nach wie vor den Goldstandard dar. Die Relevanz zellfreier zirkulierender DNA (ctDNA) in Körperflüssigkeiten wird derzeit in zahlreichen Studien überprüft. Die internationale Expertengruppe stellt Erfahrungen mit ctDNA aus dem Liquor bei zerebralen Malignomen vor.
Treatment of Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ditsch Nina , Schmidt Marcus
Published: January 2020

The article gives an overview of current treatment options for metastatic hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer. The focus is on combined therapies, e.g., with CDK4/6 inhibition compared with purely endocrine-based therapies in the pre- and postmenopause, presenting the latest study results. The addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine-based therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant leads to a marked improvement in progression-free survival and is independently beneficial whether palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib is involved. The particular clinical status of inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases argues for its use in the first-line treatment of women with metastatic, hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer compared with the available purely endocrine-based therapies.
Neue Therapieoptionen beim Pankreaskarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: January 2020

Etwa 4–7 % der Patienten, die sich mit metastasiertem Pankreaskarzinom präsentieren, weisen eine BRCA1- und/oder BRCA2-Keimbahnmutation auf. Diese Patienten profitieren insbesondere von einer Platin-basierten Chemotherapie. Mit einer Erhaltungstherapie kann der Krankheitsprogress und der Einsatz einer weiteren Chemotherapie verzögert werden, so die Ergebnisse der Phase-III-Studie POLO, die jüngst beim WCGIC in Barcelona präsentiert wurde. Die Studien APACT und RESOLVE erreichten die primären Studienendpunkte hingegen nicht.
71. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: January 2020

Die anstehende Nutzenbewertung des PSA-Screenings schlägt Wellen, derweilen zeigte die DGU-Jahrestagung 2019 in Hamburg ein breites Spektrum von Postern und Vorträgen zu zahlreichen uroonkologischen Fragestellungen. Und nicht zu vergessen: Die Stiftung Männergesundheit wird endlich ausgezeichnet.
Challenging News: Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie
Authors: Sparber-Sauer Monika , Bielack Stefan
Published: January 2020

Neuigkeiten aus der pädiatrischen Onkologie gibt es in diesem Jahr u. a. im Feld der Targeted-Therapies. So erzielten Tyrosinkinase(TRK)-Inhibitoren hohe Ansprechensraten und lange Ansprechensdauern bei einigen seltenen, durch NTRK-Fusionen (NTRK = Neurotrophe Gene der Tyrosin-Rezeptorkinase) charakterisierten Tumorerkrankungen wie dem Infantilen Fibrosarkom. Als erster TRK-Inhibitor wurde Larotrectinib mittlerweile sowohl in den USA wie in Europa zur Behandlung von NTRK-Fusionstumoren jeglicher Histologie, also tumoragnostisch, zugelassen. Die akuten Nebenwirkungen der Therapie scheinen überschaubar, zu Langzeitrisiken gibt es noch keine belastbaren Daten. Da zudem viele NTRK-Fusionstumoren auch durch vollständige Resektion oder Resektion plus Chemotherapie beherrschbar sind, sollte die Indikation zur Therapie mit TRK-Inhibitoren derzeit noch streng gestellt werden. Interessante Ergebnisse kommen auch aus an Langzeit-Überlebenden nach Krebserkrankung im Kindesalter durchgeführten Untersuchungen: So war in einer Studie die Mortalität von an Brustkrebs erkrankten Langzeitüberlebenden höher als bei der nicht vorbelasteten Vergleichspopulation.

Neue Entwicklungen sind auch aus der pädiatrischen Hämatologie zu berichten: Seit diesem Jahr steht mit Emicizumab die erste subkutan applizierbare Therapie zur Behandlung der schweren Hämophilie A zur Verfügung.
Wie werden Schilddrüsenknoten diagnostiziert?
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Librizzi Damiano , Metzger Giulia , Luster Markus , Pfestroff Andreas
Published: January 2020

Die Prävalenz von Schilddrüsenknoten liegt in Deutschland – je nach Untersuchungstechnik – bei 20–50 %. Die Inzidenz steigt, denn durch moderne Ultraschalltechniken können immer kleinere morphologische Veränderungen entdeckt werden. Die meisten Knoten sind asymptomatisch – und daher häufig Zufallsbefunde. In diesem Beitrag erfahren Sie, wie Sie mithilfe verschiedener diagnostischer Methoden Schilddrüsenknoten erkennen und differenzieren können.
Synergies in lobbying? Conceptualising and measuring lobbying coalitions to study interest group strategies, access, and influence
Authors: Junk Wiebke Marie
Published: January 2020

Treating interest groups mainly as independent units of observation overlooks highly frequent coalition activities between actors and risks affecting the results of studies of lobbying and political influence. Yet, conceptualising and measuring lobbying coalitions is inherently difficult. In order to facilitate important future research, this article provides a roadmap of the main conceptual and methodological choices involved in studying lobbying coalitions. It distinguishes three main approaches to identify coalescing actors: a preference similarity approach, a behavioural approach, and an organisational approach. The article presents concrete operationalisations of coalitions from these vantage points and provides empirical evidence that various forms of cooperation activities on specific issues, as well as general cooperation structures, are highly frequent in lobbying in European countries. The article is relevant for scholars of interest groups and political advocacy more broadly by informing the design of new research on lobbying strategies, access, or influence.
Voters’ involvement, attitude, and confidence in the era of new media
Authors: Lee Hang
Published: January 2020

Social network sites have now become one of the important media channels for election campaigns. Researches in the domain of social sciences are starting to form a picture of how social network site itself might affect political participation. However, there has not been much attention given to the influence of the determinants of social network site usage on voters’ involvement and their attitude and confidence. Thus, this research extends the concept of previous research and aims to examine the relationship between the determinants of social network site usage, voters’ involvement with politics, voters’ attitude toward voting, and their confidence of voting decision. This research uses a mediation regression model to run a Likert scaled dataset from 211 questionnaires. The results of this research show that the three determinants of social network site usage have positive impact on voters’ involvement with politics, which further affects voters’ attitude toward voting and their confidence of decisions. More specifically, social network site users’ ‘need to belong’ and their ‘perceived ease of use’ towards the sites significantly increase their involvement with politics and further enhance their attitude toward voting and their confidence of voting decisions. This research has several contributions in the field of academic and management. First, it provides a framework to explain the impact of social network sites usage on voters’ attitude and confidence. Second, it provides an empirical support for using actual data from actual social network site users. Third, the findings of this research indicate that when intending to strengthen voters’ attitude toward voting in order to enhance voting rate or to raise voters’ confidence of their voting decisions on a specific candidate or party, political campaign managers and candidates are suggested to take into account users’ feel of belongings in a certain online community and their perceived effort when using a certain social network site.
Editions, translations, transformations: refashioning the Arabic Aristotle in Egypt and metropolitan Europe, 1940–1980
Authors: Karimullah Kamran I.
Published: January 2020

Like translations, critical editions can play an important role in the language-mediated evolution of political concepts. This paper offers a case-study of a modern edition of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics by the famous twentieth-century Egyptian philosopher and father of ‘Arab existentialism’ Abd al-Rahman Badawi (d. 2002). It draws on ancient Greek and medieval Arabic corpora developed by the Genealogies of Knowledge project and a modern Arabic corpus accessible through Sketch Engine to examine the lexical patterning of key political items relating to the concept of citizen in the Arabic and Greek versions of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. This corpus-based analysis of lexical patterns is contextualised against discursive and disciplinary parameters that shaped Badawi’s edition. Supplementing this collocational analysis of relevant lexical items with a more traditional analysis of Badawi’s paratexts, I argue that the editing process produces a hybrid ‘third text’ that is neither a transcription of the original manuscript nor a reconstruction of the manuscript’s archetype. The paper concludes that, like translations, editions transform the texts they are based on.
Collective efficacy: toward a new narrative of its development and role in achievement
Authors: Hoogsteen T. J.
Published: January 2020

The body of collective teacher efficacy (CTE) research has developed considerably since Goddard referred to the school-level factor as a “neglected construct” in the study of schools and achievement. The research base has identified quantitative effects, antecedents, and consequences, all of which support the claim that collective efficacy is important to schools and achievement while also supporting the claim by Goddard et al. that schools should be led in a direction that will develop collective efficacy, which will in turn spur continuous growth in CTE and student achievement. Even with all of this, a gap in the literature remains, and instead of considering the reciprocal relationship between collective efficacy and achievement, the excitement behind the positive outcomes of collective efficacy has led to wider exposure of the concept and, as argued, a misguided attempt to treat CTE as the main catalyst for enacting school improvement. Considering this latter point, general school improvement literature from the realms of leadership and collaboration is drawn upon and connected to CTE research in an endeavor to create a more holistic narrative of collective efficacy, its development, and its role in school improvement and student achievement.
Dynamic, surface displacement measurements using a proximate, radiating electric dipole
Authors: Spicer James B.
Published: January 2020

Expressions for the optical power radiated by a vertically oriented, electric dipole are developed to understand the dependence of this power on the distance between the dipole and a nearby surface, especially when this distance is varying with time. Results of this analysis assess the conditions under which the power depends linearly on displacement amplitude when this distance has a sinusoidal, time-varying component of fixed amplitude combined with a mean dipole-to-surface distance. The variation in the radiated power with this mean distance is also examined so that comparisons can be made to experimental measurements of near-field optical signals.
Determination method of constitutive model parameters of dielectric elastomer material
Authors: E Shi-Ju , Chen Yi-Kai , Cao Jian-Bo , Li Jia-Ling , Gao Zhao , Luo Han-Pin , Li Xiao-Mei , Pan Xin
Published: January 2020

The energy conversion process of dielectric elastomers is an electromechanical coupling behavior, and the constitutive model of the material is the basis for studying electromechanical coupling characteristics. In order to explore the constitutive model of dielectric elastomers, based on the theory of continuum mechanics, combined with the superelastic constitutive model, a mechanical constitutive model was described, and the basic equations of the constitutive model were obtained. At the same time, combined with uniaxial, biaxial, and pure shear stretching, the three tensile methods, the relationship between the tensile rate and the force of the dielectric elastomer under three kinds of stretching modes was obtained. The experimental data were fitted by the COMSOL software, and the fitting curves of the relationship between stress and elongation of four superelastic models were obtained. Comparative analysis of the experimental data and fitted curve showed that the Neo-Hookean model had the worst fitting effect. The Yeoh model and the Ogden model had better shear fitting. The Mooney-Rivlin model fitted well in the three stretching modes. The conclusions of this study provided the basis for the study of the electromechanical coupling characteristics of dielectric elastomers.
Synchronization and chaos in spin torque oscillator with two free layers
Authors: Taniguchi Tomohiro
Published: January 2020

The magnetization dynamics in a spin torque oscillator (STO) consisting of two in-plane magnetized free layers is studied by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and evaluating the Lyapunov exponent numerically. The phase diagrams of the oscillation frequencies of the magnetizations and magnetoresistance and the maximum Lyapunov exponent are obtained from the numerical simulations. The phase synchronization is found in the low current region, whereas the magnetizations oscillate with different frequencies in the middle current region. On the other hand, positive Lyapunov exponents found in the high current region indicate the existence of chaos in the STO.
Magnetocaloric effect in Ni2MnxFeyInz Heusler alloys with second-order phase transition
Authors: Dahal Bishnu R. , Lehmann Zachary , Huh Yung , Kharel Parashu
Published: January 2020

The structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni2MnxFeyInz with x + y + z = 2 alloys have been studied for the potential application in environment-friendly magnetic refrigeration technology. Samples were prepared using arc-melting and vacuum annealing techniques. Among the investigated materials, Ni2Mn1.32Fe0.08In0.60 possesses the highest value of entropy change with the Curie temperature close to room temperature (Tc = 315 K). The room temperature x-ray diffraction shows that the Ni2Mn1.32Fe0.08In0.60 alloy exhibits a cubic L21 structure (austenite phase) without any impurities. The isothermal magnetization curves show almost zero hysteresis with a high-field (μ0H = 3 T) magnetization at 100 K of 132 emu/g. The magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power measured at 3 T are 4.5 Jkg-1K-1 and 221 Jkg-1, respectively. The absence of thermal and magnetic hysteresis, relatively high values of magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power, and the Tc near room temperature suggest that the Ni2Mn1.32Fe0.08In0.60 alloy has a high potential for room-temperature magnetic refrigeration application.
Diaphragm shape effect on the performance of foil-based capacitive pressure sensors
Authors: Khan S. M. , Mishra R. B. , Qaiser N. , Hussain A. M. , Hussain M. M.
Published: January 2020

We present detailed shape-based analyses to compare the performance of metal foil-based capacitive pressure sensors based on the shape of the diaphragm (top electrode). We perform a detailed analysis on the use of new material and deflection in various shaped diaphragms to act as a performance indicator for pressure-based capacitive sensors. A low-cost, recyclable, and readily available material is used to present an alternative to the expensive materials used in conventional pressure sensors. Diaphragms of five different shapes (circle, ellipse, pentagon, square, and rectangle) are fabricated and analyzed. Mathematical, FEM, and experimental tests are performed for capacitive sensors fabricated in five different shapes. The mathematically calculated deflection for each shaped diaphragm is compared with the results of the corresponding FEM simulations. Two different experiments are performed to verify the performance of pressure sensors.
Dynamic magnetic properties of amorphous Fe80B20 thin films and their relation to interfaces
Authors: Urdiroz U. , Teixeira B. M. S. , Palomares F. J. , Gonzalez J. M. , Sobolev N. A. , Cebollada F. , Mayoral A.
Published: January 2020

We present a ferromagnetic resonance study of the dynamic properties of a set of amorphous Fe-B films deposited on Corning Glass® and MgO (001) substrates, either with or without capping. We show that the in plane anisotropy of the MgO grown films contains both uniaxial and biaxial components whereas it is just uniaxial for those grown on glass. The angular dependence of the linewidth strongly differs in terms of symmetry and magnitude depending on the substrate and capping. We discuss the role of the interfaces on the magnetization damping and the generation of the anisotropy. We obtained values of the intrinsic damping parameters comparable to the lowest ones reported for amorphous films of similar compositions.
Links between size fractionation, chemical speciation of dissolved copper and chemical speciation of dissolved organic matter in the Loire estuary
Authors: Dulaquais Gabriel , Waeles Matthieu , Breitenstein Johann , Knoery Joël , Riso Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Environmental contextThe toxicity of copper to aquatic life is highly dependent on its chemical form. In the vineyards of the Loire valley, mixtures of copper compounds are increasingly being used as fungicides. Our study investigating the origin and behaviour of dissolved copper on the land-sea continuum of the Loire advances our understanding of the chemical forms and fate of copper in estuarine systems.
AbstractWe present data on the organic speciation of dissolved copper (dCu) in the Loire estuary for the soluble (<0.02µm) and dissolved (<0.45µm) fractions. These results were interpreted according to the distribution of natural organic matter along the estuary. We observed a high concentration of dCu (80nmolkg−1) upstream of the tidal front (S=0.1, where S is the salinity), possibly induced by drainage from vineyards located on the watershed of the estuary, and a concentration typical of coastal seawater at the end of the salinity gradient (3–4nmolkg−1). dCu showed a non-conservative distribution along the estuary with a notably strong decrease in concentration at the very first stage of mixing (S ~ 0.5) that increased again at low salinity (S=4.7). The latter increase in the concentration of dCu was related to the supply of colloidal copper induced by particle desorption in the maximum turbidity zone. The organic speciation of dCu revealed that the complexing capacity of copper ligands (LCu, up to 147 nanomoles of Cu per kilogram of water) exceeded dCu in both the soluble and dissolved fractions, which kept the activity of cupric ions below toxic levels for most unicellular phytoplankton. Humic substances comprised up to 95% of LCu in the continental shelf sample, but their complexing capacity did not account for all of the LCu in the inner estuary. We conducted pseudopolarographic experiments and found two other additional ligand classes: thiol-like and amino-acids/proteins. While humic substances are the dominant component of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the study of DOM suggested the release of colloidal DOM from a wastewater treatment plant. This structure could be a major source of proteinaceous LCu in the system that changes the dCu speciation in the middle of the estuary.
Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups
Authors: Le Provost Gaëtane , Badenhausser Isabelle , Le Bagousse-Pinguet Yoann , Clough Yann , Henckel Laura , Violle Cyrille , Bretagnolle Vincent , Roncoroni Marilyn , Manning Peter , Gross Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Significance

The world’s agricultural landscapes have seen dramatic declines in their biodiversity. Because biodiversity responses to land-use changes can be delayed, understanding how current biodiversity is impacted by historical land-use changes is crucial to protect and restore agricultural biodiversity. By utilizing a long-term land-use record database, we show that historical land-use changes continue to shape current biodiversity. Our study expands our understanding of global biodiversity change by identifying land-use history effects to be as strong as the effects of current management and the amount of seminatural land cover, often assumed to be the major drivers of biodiversity change in agricultural landscapes. Accordingly, land-use legacy effects must be considered in management programs that aim to protect and restore biodiversity.
Recovery of critically endangered Nassau grouper (
Epinephelus striatus
) in the Cayman Islands following targeted conservation actions
Authors: Waterhouse Lynn , Heppell Scott A. , Pattengill-Semmens Christy V. , McCoy Croy , Bush Phillippe , Johnson Bradley C. , Semmens Brice X.
Published: January 2020

Many large-bodied marine fishes that form spawning aggregations, such as the Nassau grouper (
Epinephelus striatus
), have suffered regional overfishing due to exploitation during spawning. In response, marine resource managers in many locations have established marine protected areas or seasonal closures to recover these overfished stocks. The challenge in assessing management effectiveness lies largely in the development of accurate estimates to track stock size through time. For the past 15 y, the Cayman Islands government has taken a series of management actions aimed at recovering collapsed stocks of Nassau grouper. Importantly, the government also partnered with academic and nonprofit organizations to establish a research and monitoring program (Grouper Moon) aimed at documenting the impacts of conservation action. Here, we develop an integrated population model of 2 Cayman Nassau grouper stocks based on both diver-collected mark–resight observations and video censuses. Using both data types across multiple years, we fit parameters for a state–space model for population growth. We show that over the last 15 y the Nassau grouper population on Little Cayman has more than tripled in response to conservation efforts. Census data from Cayman Brac, while more sparse, show a similar pattern. These findings demonstrate that spatial and seasonal closures aimed at rebuilding aggregation-based fisheries can foster conservation success.
Tracking the evolution of circulating exosomal‐PD‐L1 to monitor melanoma patients
Authors: Cordonnier Marine , Nardin Charlée , Chanteloup Gaëtan , Derangere Valentin , Algros Marie‐Paule , Arnould Laurent , Garrido Carmen , Aubin François , Gobbo Jessica
Published: January 2020

In the era of immunotherapies there is an urgent need to implement the use of circulating biomarkers in clinical practice to facilitate personalized therapy and to predict treatment response. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the usefulness of circulating exosomal‐PD‐L1 in melanoma patients’ follow‐up. We studied the dynamics of exosomal‐PD‐L1 from 100 melanoma patients by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We found that PD‐L1 was secreted through exosomes by melanoma cells. Exosomes carrying PD‐L1 had immunosuppressive properties since they were as efficient as the cancer cell from which they derive at inhibiting T‐cell activation. In plasma from melanoma patients, the level of PD‐L1 (n= 30, median 64.26 pg/mL) was significantly higher in exosomes compared to soluble PD‐L1 (n= 30, 0.1 pg/mL). Furthermore, exosomal‐PD‐L1 was detected in all patients whereas only 67% of tumour biopsies were PD‐L1 positive. Although baseline exosomal‐PD‐L1 levels were not associated with clinic‐pathologic characteristics, their variations after the cures (ΔExoPD‐L1) correlated with the tumour response to treatment. A ΔExoPD‐L1 cut‐off of> 100 was defined, yielding an 83% sensitivity, a 70% specificity, a 91% positive predictive value and 54% negative predictive values for disease progression. The use of the cut‐off allowed stratification in two groups of patients statistically different concerning overall survival and progression‐free survival. PD‐L1 levels in circulating exosomes seem to be a more reliable marker than PD‐L1 expression in tumour biopsies. Monitoring of circulating exosomal‐PD‐L1 may be useful to predict the tumour response to treatment and clinical outcome.
Table-Like Large Magnetocaloric Effect in the Misch Metal RSi Compound*
Authors: Liu Ruo-Shui , Liu Jun , Wang Li-Chen , Li Zheng-Rui , Yu Xiang , Mi Yan , Dong Qiao-Yan , Li Kai , Li Dan-Li , Lv Chen-Hui , Liu Li-Feng , He Shu-Li
Published: January 2020

Magnetic properties and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the RSi (R = Ce, Pr, Nd) compounds made of Misch metal (MM) are investigated. Two transitions are found at 12 K and 38 K. Field variation generated large MCE and two peaks are found in the magnetic entropy change (ΔS) curves, which correspond to the two transition temperatures. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes (ΔS) are found to be −5.1 J/(kg⋅K) and −9.3 J/(kg⋅K) for the field ranges of 0–2 T and 0–5 T, respectively. The large ΔS as well as ultra-low price of MM make (MM)Si a competitive magnetic refrigerant candidate for low temperature in Eriksson cycle.
Determining the shape of reflectance reference samples for curved surface reflectors
Authors: Lanevski Dmitri , Manoocheri Farshid , Vaskuri Anna , Hameury Jacques , Kersting Robert , Monte Christian , Adibekyan Albert , Kononogova Elena , Ikonen Erkki
Published: January 2020

Foils made of different materials are often used as reflective insulators. Many manufacturers aim to accurately measure their optical properties to estimate and improve their performance. However, flat reflectance reference samples used in measurements do not correctly represent reflective insulators and cause discrepancies between different measurement techniques. The current work presents a method for modelling surface shape of appropriate reflectance reference samples that could be produced by additive manufacturing. The method is based on studying the reflection distribution of reflective insulators and is described with an example of aluminium foil. The method’s performance is validated using Monte-Carlo simulations.
Two- and three-terminal far-from-equilibrium thermoelectric nano-devices in the Kondo regime
Authors: Eckern Ulrich , Wysokiński Karol I
Published: January 2020

This paper analyses the thermoelectric power of two- and three-terminal quantum dot devices under large thermal ΔT and voltage V biases, and their performance as thermoelectric heat engines. The focus is on the interaction between electrons, far-from-equilibrium conditions, and strongly nonlinear transport, which all are important factors affecting the usefulness of the devices. To properly characterise the thermoelectric properties under such conditions, two different Seebeck coefficients are introduced, generalizing the linear response expression. In agreement with previous work, we find that the efficiency of the three-terminal thermoelectric heat engine, as measured by the delivered power, is optimal far from equilibrium. Moreover, strong Coulomb interactions between electrons on the quantum dot are found to diminish the efficiency at maximum power, and the maximal value of the delivered power, both in the Kondo regime and beyond.
Optical enhanced interferometry with two-mode squeezed twin-Fock states and parity detection*
Authors: Hou Li-Li , Wang Shuai , Xu Xue-Fen
Published: January 2020

We theoretically investigate the quantum enhanced metrology using two-mode squeezed twin-Fock states and parity detection. Our results indicate that, for a given initial squeezing parameter, compared with the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, both phase sensitivity and resolution can be enhanced when the two-mode squeezed twin-Fock state is considered as an input state of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Within a constraint on the total photon number, although the two-mode squeezed vacuum state gives the better phase sensitivity when the phase shift φ to be estimated approaches to zero, the phase sensitivity offered by these non-Gaussian entangled Gaussian states is relatively stable with respect to the phase shift itself. When the phase shift slightly deviates from φ = 0, the phase sensitivity can be still enhanced by the two-mode squeezed twin-Fock state over a broad range of the total mean photon number where the phase uncertainty is still below the quantum standard noise limit. Finally, we numerically prove that the quantum Cramér–Rao bound can be approached with the parity detection.
A low-noise, high-SNR balanced homodyne detector for the bright squeezed state measurement in 1–100 kHz range*
Authors: Wang Jin-Rong , Wang Qing-Wei , Tian Long , Su Jing , Zheng Yao-Hui
Published: January 2020

We report a low-noise, high-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) balanced homodyne detector based on the standard transimpedance amplifier circuit and the inductance and capacitance combination for the measurement of the bright squeezed state in the range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz. A capacitance is mounted at the input end of the AC branch to prevent the DC photocurrent from entering the AC branch and avoid AC branch saturation. By adding a switch at the DC branch, the DC branch can be flexibly turned on and off on different occasions. When the switch is on, the DC output provides a monitor signal for laser beam alignment. When the switch is off, the electronic noise of the AC branch is greatly reduced at audio-frequency band due to immunity to the impedance of the DC branch, hence the SNR of the AC branch is significantly improved. As a result, the electronic noise of the AC branch is close to −125 dBm, and the maximum SNR of the AC branch is 48 dB with the incident power of 8 mW in the range from 1 kHz to 100 kHz. The developed photodetector paves a path for measuring the bright squeezed state at audio-frequency band.
Dynamic manipulation of probe pulse and coherent generation of beating signals based on tunneling-induced inference in triangular quantum dot molecules*
Authors: Ba Nuo , Fei Jin-You , Li Dong-Fei , Zhong Xin , Wang Dan , Wang Lei , Wang Hai-Hua , Bao Qian-Qian
Published: January 2020

We investigate the dynamic propagation of a probe field via the tunneling-induced interference effect in a triple model of quantum dot molecules. By theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we find that the number of transparency window relate to the energy splitting and the group velocity of probe field can be effectively controlled by the tunneling coupling intensity. In addition, in the process of light storage and retrieval, when the excited states have no energy splitting in the storage stage but opposite values of the energy splitting in the retrieval stage, the beating signals can be generated.
Paraxial propagation of cosh-Airy vortex beams in chiral medium*
Authors: Yang Xiao-Jin , Wu Zhen-Sen , Qu Tan
Published: January 2020

Propagation dynamics of the cosh-Airy vortex (CAiV) beams in a chiral medium is investigated analytically with Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral formula. The results show that the CAiV beams are split into the left circularly polarized vortex (LCPV) beams and the right circularly polarized vortex (RCPV) beams with different propagation trajectories in the chiral medium. We mainly investigate the effect of the cosh parameter on the propagation process of the CAiV beams. The propagation characteristics, including intensity distribution, propagation trajectory, peak intensity, main lobe’s intensity, Poynting vector, and angular momentum are discussed in detail. We find that the cosh parameter affects the intensity distribution of the CAiV beams but not its propagation trajectory. As the cosh parameter increases, the distribution areas of the LCPV and RCPV beams become wider, and the side lobe’s intensity and peak intensity become larger. Besides, the main lobe’s intensity of the LCPV and RCPV beams increase with the increase of the cosh parameter at a farther propagation distance, which is confirmed by the variation trend of the Poynting vector. It is significant that we can vary the cosh parameter to control the intensity distribution, main lobe’s intensity, and peak intensity of the CAiV beams without changing the propagation trajectory. Our results may provide some support for applications of the CAiV beams in optical micromanipulation.
Cherenkov terahertz radiation from Dirac semimetals surface plasmon polaritons excited by an electron beam*
Authors: Zhao Tao , Wu Zhenhua
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a physical mechanism for terahertz (THz) generation from surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). In a structure with a bulk Dirac semimetals (BDSs) film deposited on a dielectric substrate, the energy of the asymmetric SPP mode can be significantly enhanced to cross the light line of the substrate due to the SPP-coupling between the interfaces of the film. Therefore, the SPPs can be immediately transformed into Cherenkov radiation without removing the wavevector mismatch. Additionally, the symmetric SPP mode can also be dramatically lifted to cross the substrate light line when a buffer layer with low permittivity relative to the substrate is introduced. In this case, dual-frequency THz radiation from the two SPP modes can be generated simultaneously. The radiation intensity is significantly enhanced by over two orders due to the field enhancement of the SPPs. The radiation frequency can be tuned in the THz frequency regime by adjusting the beam energy and the chemical potential of the BDSs. Our results could find potential applications in developing room temperature, tunable, coherent, and intense THz radiation sources to cover the entire THz band.
Polarization in

decays *
Authors: Han Tong-Zhu , Ping Rong-Gang , Luo Tao , Xu Guang-Zhi
Published: January 2020

Measurements of decay asymmetry parameters of charmed baryons, e.g.,

, provide more data to test the W-emission and W-exchange mechanisms controlled by strong and weak interactions. Taking advantage of the spin polarization in charmed baryon decays, we investigate the possibility to measure weak decay asymmetry parameters in the

process. We analyze the transverse polarization spontaneously produced in this process and the spin transfer in the subsequent

decays. The sensitivity to measure the asymmetry parameters is estimated for the decay

.
The

semileptonic decay within the LCSR approach under heavy quark effective field theory *
Authors: Zhou Rui-Yu , Guo Lei , Fu Hai-Bing , Cheng Wei , Wu Xing-Gang
Published: January 2020

The heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) provides an effective way to deal with heavy meson decays. In this paper, we adopt two different correlators to derive the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) for the

transition form factors (TFFs) in the framework of HQEFT. We label the two LCSR results as LCSR-

and LCSR-

, which stand for the conventional correlator and the right-handed correlator. We observe that the correlation parameter

for the branching ratio

is

, implying a consistency of LCSRs with the other correlators. Furthermore, we obtain

and

. We also obtain

and

, both of which agree with the lattice QCD predictions. Thus, HQEFT provides a useful framework for studying B meson decays. Moreover, by using the right-handed correlator, the twist-2 terms are dominant in TFF

, as their contribution is over ~97% in the whole

region, while the large twist-3 uncertainty of the conventional correlator is greatly suppressed. Hence, the LCSR-

predictions can be used to test the properties of the various models for the pion twist-2 distribution amplitudes.
Deformed dispersion relation constraint with hydrogen atom 1S-2S transition *
Authors: Pu Jin , Li Guo-Ping , Jiang Qing-Quan , Zu Xiao-Tao
Published: January 2020

We use the latest results of the ultra-high accuracy 1S-2S
transition experiments in the hydrogen atom to constrain the forms of the deformed dispersion relation in the non-relativistic limit. For the leading correction of the non-relativistic limit, the experiment sets a limit at an order of magnitude for the desired Planck-scale level, thereby providing another example of the Planck-scale sensitivity in the study of the dispersion relation in controlled laboratory experiments. For the next-to-leading term, the bound is two orders of magnitude away from the Planck scale, however it still amounts to the best limit, in contrast to the previously obtained bound in the non-relativistic limit from the cold-atom-recoil experiments.
Constituent quark number scaling from strange hadron spectra in pp collisions at

TeV *
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wei , Li Hai-Hong , Shao Feng-Lan , Song Jun
Published: January 2020

We show that the

spectra of

and

at midrapidity in the inelastic events in

collisions at

13 TeV exhibit a constituent quark number scaling property, which is a clear signal of quark combination mechanism at hadronization. We use a quark combination model with equal velocity combination approximation to systematically study the production of identified hadrons in

collisions at

= 13 TeV. The midrapidity

spectra for protons,

,

,

,

and

in the inelastic events are simultaneously fitted by the model. The multiplicity dependence of the yields of these hadrons are also well understood. The strong

dependence of the

ratio is well explained by the model, which further suggests that the production of two hadrons with similar masses is determined by their quark content at hadronization. The

spectra of strange hadrons at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in

collisions at

13 TeV are predicted for further tests of the model. The midrapidity

spectra of soft (

GeV/c) strange quarks and up/down quarks at hadronization in

collisions at

13 TeV are extracted.
Skyrmion stability at finite isospin chemical potential and temperature *
Authors: Yuan Wen-Li , Xu Zhen-Ni , Zhang Jin-Li , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: January 2020

The skyrmion stability at finite isospin chemical potential

is studied using the Skyrme Lagrangian with a finite pion mass

. A critical value

, above which a stable soliton does not exist, is found. We also explore some properties of the skyrmion as function of

, i.e., the isoscalar rms radius and the isoscalar magnetic rms radius. Finally, considering the finite temperature effect on the skyrmion mass, we obtain a critical temperature

, using the profile function of the skyrmion, above which the skyrmion mass does not have a minimum, which can be interpreted as the occurrence of the deconfinement phase transition.
Isotopic cross-sections in proton induced spallation reactions based on the Bayesian neural network method *
Authors: Ma Chun-Wang , Peng Dan , Wei Hui-Ling , Niu Zhong-Ming , Wang Yu-Ting , Wada R.
Published: January 2020

The Bayesian neural network (BNN) method is proposed to predict the isotopic cross-sections in proton induced spallation reactions. Learning from more than 4000 data sets of isotopic cross-sections from 19 experimental measurements and 5 theoretical predictions with the SPACS parametrization, in which the mass of the spallation system ranges from 36 to 238, and the incident energy from 200 MeV/u to 1500 MeV/u, it is demonstrated that the BNN method can provide good predictions of the residue fragment cross-sections in spallation reactions.