bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real functions and the extension of generalized probability measures II
Authors: Havlíčková Jana
Published: September 2015

We continue our study of the extensions of generalized probability measures. First, we describe some extensions of generalized random events (represented by classes of functions with values in [0,1]) to which generalized probability measures can be extended. Second, we study products of domains of probability and describe states on such products. Third, we show that the events in IF-probability, introduced by B. Riečan, form a suitable category isomorphic to a subcategory of the category of fuzzy random events. Consequently, IF-probability can be interpreted within fuzzy probability theory. We put forward some problems related to the extensions of probability domains and hint some applications.
On asymptotic equivalence of nth order nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Astashova Irina
Published: September 2015

This paper is devoted to the problem of asymptotic equivalence of nth order differential equations with exponentially equivalent right-hand sides. With the help of this result asymptotic behaviour of solutions to nonhomogeneous differential equations is described
An application of Markov chains in digital communication
Authors: Hlavičková Irena
Published: September 2015

This contribution shows an application of Markov chains in digital communication. A random sequence of the symbols 0 and 1 is analyzed by a state machine. The state machine switches to state “0” after detecting an unbroken sequence of w zero symbols (w being a fixed integer), and to state “1” after detecting an unbroken sequence of w ones. The task to find the probabilities of each of these two states after n time steps leads to a Markov chain. We show the construction of the transition matrix and determine the steady-state probabilities for the time-homogeneous case.
Asymptotic integration of the second order differential equation, resonance effect
Authors: Pietruczuk Barbara
Published: September 2015

There will be presented asymptotic formulas for solutions of the equation

y'' + (1 + φ (x))y = 0, 0 < x0 < x < ∞ ,

where function is small in a certain sense for large values of the argument. Usage of method of L-diagonal systems allows to obtain various forms of solutions depending on the properties of function φ . The main aim will be discussion about the second order differential equations possesing a resonance effect known for Wigner von Neumann potential. A class of potentials generalizing that of Wigner von Neumann will be presented.
Asymptotic stability of a full term linear difference equation with two parameters
Authors: Tomášek Petr
Published: September 2015

The paper introduces an efficient form of necessary and sufficient conditions for a special full term linear difference equation with two real parameters to be asymptotically stable. The result is obtained utilizing the Schur Cohn criterion. The asymptotic stability region in the parameters plane is also illustrated in the paper.
Gaze Direction Modulates the Relation between Neural Responses to Faces and Visual Awareness
Authors: Madipakkam Apoorva Rajiv , Rothkirch Marcus , Guggenmos Matthias , Heinz Andreas , Sterzer Philipp
Published: September 2015

Gaze direction and especially direct gaze is a powerful nonverbal cue that plays an important role in social interactions. Here we studied the neural mechanisms underlying the privileged access of direct gaze to visual awareness. We performed functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy human volunteers who were exposed to faces with direct or averted gaze under continuous flash suppression, thereby manipulating their awareness of the faces. A gaze processing network comprising fusiform face area (FFA), superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, and intraparietal sulcus showed overall reduced neural responses when participants reported to be unaware of the faces. Interestingly, direct gaze elicited greater responses than averted gaze when participants were aware of the faces, but smaller responses when they were unaware. Additional between-subject correlation and single-trial analyses indicated that this pattern of results was due to a modulation of the relationship between neural responses and awareness by gaze direction: with increasing neural activation in the FFA, direct-gaze faces entered awareness more readily than averted-gaze faces. These findings suggest that for direct gaze, lower levels of neural activity are sufficient to give rise to awareness than for averted gaze, thus providing a neural basis for privileged access of direct gaze to awareness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnother person's eye gaze directed at oneself is a powerful social signal acting as a catalyst for further communication. Here, we studied the neural mechanisms underlying the prioritized access of direct gaze to visual awareness in healthy human volunteers and show that with increasing neural activation, direct-gaze faces enter awareness more readily than averted-gaze faces. This suggests that for a socially highly relevant cue like direct gaze, lower levels of neural activity are sufficient to give rise to awareness compared with averted gaze, possibly because the human brain is attuned to the efficient neural processing of direct gaze due to the biological importance of eye contact for social interactions.
Astrocyte Ca2+Signaling Drives Inversion of Neurovascular Coupling after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Pappas Anthony C. , Koide Masayo , Wellman George C.
Published: September 2015

Physiologically, neurovascular coupling (NVC) matches focal increases in neuronal activity with local arteriolar dilation. Astrocytes participate in NVC by sensing increased neurotransmission and releasing vasoactive agents (e.g., K+) from perivascular endfeet surrounding parenchymal arterioles. Previously, we demonstrated an increase in the amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+events in astrocyte endfeet and inversion of NVC from vasodilation to vasoconstriction in brain slices obtained from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model rats. However, the role of spontaneous astrocyte Ca2+signaling in determining the polarity of the NVC response remains unclear. Here, we used two-photon imaging of Fluo-4-loaded rat brain slices to determine whether altered endfoot Ca2+signaling underlies SAH-induced inversion of NVC. We report a time-dependent emergence of endfoot high-amplitude Ca2+signals (eHACSs) after SAH that were not observed in endfeet from unoperated animals. Furthermore, the percentage of endfeet with eHACSs varied with time and paralleled the development of inversion of NVC. Endfeet with eHACSs were present only around arterioles exhibiting inversion of NVC. Importantly, depletion of intracellular Ca2+stores using cyclopiazonic acid abolished SAH-induced eHACSs and restored arteriolar dilation in SAH brain slices to two mediators of NVC (a rise in endfoot Ca2+and elevation of extracellular K+). These data indicate a causal link between SAH-induced eHACSs and inversion of NVC. Ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscopy indicated that a similar proportion of endfeet exhibiting eHACSs also exhibited asymmetrical enlargement. Our results demonstrate that subarachnoid blood causes a delayed increase in the amplitude of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+release events leading to inversion of NVC.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)—strokes involving cerebral aneurysm rupture and release of blood onto the brain surface—are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A common complication observed after SAH is the development of delayed cerebral ischemia at sites often remote from the site of rupture. Here, we provide evidence that SAH-induced changes in astrocyte Ca2+signaling lead to a switch in the polarity of the neurovascular coupling response from vasodilation to vasoconstriction. Thus, after SAH, signaling events that normally lead to vasodilation and enhanced delivery of blood to active brain regions cause vasoconstriction that would limit cerebral blood flow. These findings identify astrocytes as a key player in SAH-induced decreased cortical blood flow.
Tonic Local Brain Blood Flow Control by Astrocytes Independent of Phasic Neurovascular Coupling
Authors: Rosenegger David G. , Tran Cam Ha T. , Wamsteeker Cusulin Jackie I. , Gordon Grant R.
Published: September 2015

According to the current model of neurovascular coupling, blood flow is controlled regionally through phasic changes in the activity of neurons and astrocytes that signal to alter arteriole diameter. Absent in this model, however, is how brain blood flow is tonically regulated independent of regional changes in activity. This is important because a large fraction of brain blood flow is required to maintain basal metabolic needs. Using two-photon fluorescence imaging combined with patch-clamp in acute rat brain slices of sensory-motor cortex, we demonstrate that reducing resting Ca2+in astrocytes with intracellular BAPTA causes vasoconstriction in adjacent arterioles. BAPTA-induced vasoconstriction was eliminated by a general COX blocker and the effect is mimicked by a COX-1, but not COX-2, antagonist, suggesting that astrocytes provide tonic, steady-state vasodilation by releasing prostaglandin messengers. Tonic vasodilation was insensitive to TTX, as well as a variety of synaptic and extrasynaptic receptor antagonists, indicating that the phenomenon operates largely independent of neural activity. Usingin vivotwo-photon fluorescence imaging of the barrel cortex in fully awake mice, we reveal that acute COX-1 inhibition reduces resting arteriole diameter but fails to affect vasodilation in response to vibrissae stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that astrocytes provide tonic regulation of arterioles using resting intracellular Ca2+in a manner that is independent of phasic, neuronal-evoked vasodilation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain requires both phasic and tonic regulation of its blood supply to service energy needs over various temporal windows. While many mechanisms have been described for phasic blood flow regulation, how the brain accomplishes tonic control is largely unknown. Here we describe a way in which astrocytes contribute to the management of basal brain blood flow by providing steady-state vasodilation to arterioles via resting astrocyte Ca2+and the continuous release of prostaglandin messengers. This phenomenon may be important for understanding the declines in basal brain blood flow that occur in aging and dementia, as well as for the interpretation of fMRI data.
Self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sousa José Thiago de , Macêdo Suyanne Freire de , Moura Jayne Ramos Araújo , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da , Vieira Eduardo Emanuel Sátiro , Reis Adriana Da Silva dos
Published: September 2015

To verify characteristics related to self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: descriptive and exploratory, cross-sectional study, conducted with 173 patients assisted in 12 Family Health Units in the urban area of a city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Results: most participants (61.3%) were female, aged less than 60 years old. There were significant differences in the lower glycemic control (p = 0.014), capillary glycemia (p = 0.018) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.015) for men as well as higher central obesity indexes for women (p = 0.000). It was observed high frequency of overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose levels and insufficient levels of physical activity. Conclusion: there is the need for nursing actions aimed at improving self-care and control of the clinical parameters in these patients.
Experience of rural families when having a father/husband with prostate cancer
Authors: Mathias Caroline Vieira , Beuter Margrid , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira
Published: September 2015

To report the experience of rural families when having a father/husband with prostate cancer illness. Methods: qualitative research, conducted at the residence of four rural families with nine subjects. A semi-structured interview was used, and thematic categories were established by the data analysis. Results: men with cancer were between 66 and 68 years old, knowing the diagnosis at least four years ago. Respondents family members were wives or children, aged between 30 and 69 years old. Families worked on agriculture and livestock. The nominated category A prostate cancer in our life is formed by the sub-categories: discovery of the diagnosis; family support; changes resulting from illness and difficulties faced during treatment. Conclusion: the rural family experience is full of constant division of tasks between the care for the father/husband and work activities, changes in marital life, sadness, distress and hopes about an uncertain future.
Safety criteria for contrast administration in computed tomography cardiac angiography: perception of nursing
Authors: Acauan Laura Vargas , Rodrigues Maria Cristina Soares
Published: September 2015

To understand the perception of the nursing team about the safety criteria adopted in the use and administration of iodinated contrast media on computed tomography cardiac angiography. Methods: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data were produced using the semi-structured interview with twelve participants from two diagnostic imaging centers. Results: two thematic categories emerged from the analysis: safe practices in the use and administration of iodinated contrast media and use of light technologies for safe care in the use of iodinated contrast media. Conclusion: it was surmised that safety criteria linked by light and hard technologies are used, but not standardized. To promote effective and quality care focused on patient safety, protocols and guidelines should be established to overcome possible barriers unsafe.
Perception of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus concerning an educational health process
Authors: Santos Aliny Lima , Cecílio Hellen Pollyanna Mantello , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: September 2015

To understand the perception of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus about the participation in an educational health process. Methods: qualitative study, conducted with 26 people with diabetes enrolled in the Association for Diabetics. There were 12 meetings entitled “reflective-educational process”, based on the theoretical and methodological strategy of the Culture Circles. Meetings were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to identification of generative themes and extreme situations. Results: two thematic units emerged: Being in group: space for embracement and construction of knowledge; and Realizing changes resulting from being in a group. Participatory meetings proved to be efficient, as they were configured as support network, space for motivation, construction of knowledge about the disease, living with it, and approximation between professionals and individuals. Conclusion: health education with participatory approach was perceived as satisfactory, favoring living with the disease and changing habits.
Conditional freedom: repercussions in the family living with a member on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Timm Arlete Maria Brentano , Beuter Margrid , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Pauletto Macilene Regina , Santos Naiana Oliveira dos , Bruinsma Jamile Lais
Published: September 2015

Objective: to describe the repercussions in the family living with a member on peritoneal dialysis at home. Methods: qualitative research conducted in a clinic for kidney dysfunctions in southern Brazil. Interviews were conducted with seven families. The data were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: two themes emerged: demands arising from dialysis: a prison in families’ lives; and restrictions and family adjustments to treatment: the conditional freedom. It was found that the families coping with peritoneal dialysis at home lose their freedom, this being subject to treatment needs. Conclusion: living with a family member on peritoneal dialysis causes repercussions in various spheres in the families’ routine. The nurse can help in these situations, by identifying problems and proposing alternative to meet the specific needs of each family.
Morbidity and hospitalization costs of chronic diseases for the Unified National Health System
Authors: Soto Pedro Henrique Teixeira , Raitz Gabriela Martini , Bolsoni Ludmila Lopes , Costa Cássia Kely Favoretto , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda , Massuda Ely Mitie
Published: September 2015

Objective: characterizing morbidity and hospitalization costs of chronic diseases (cardiovascular, respiratory, diabetes and cancer) for the Unified National Health System. Methods: a retrospective analytical study that used secondary data from the hospital information system of people aged ≥ 25 years. Results: among the four assessed morbidities, cancer and cardiovascular diseases have been the most prevalent. For cancer there was a predominance of females, aged between 45 and 49 years. Males had a higher incidence for cardiovascular diseases, with an age range of 55-59 years. These two diseases were the most costly for the system. The frequency of respiratory diseases follows a declining trend for both genders, while diabetes remained stable during the period. Conclusion: the highest prevalence of intervention was cancer among women and in men predominated cardiovascular diseases.
Meanings of nursing care for the family of patients in palliative care
Authors: Lima Marcos Paulo de Oliveira , Oliveira Mônica Cordeiro Ximenes de
Published: September 2015

Objective: to understand the meaning of nursing care for the family of patients in palliative care. Methods: field, descriptive, and exploratory study with qualitative approach conducted in secondary general hospital in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The participants comprised eight family members of patients in palliative care, with the conduction of semi-structured interviews and direct observation. For data analysis, we used the thematic category analysis. Results: data revealed the construction of three thematic categories. The meaning of nursing care for the family of patients in palliative care is anchored in the physical presence of these professionals, the performance of technical procedures, and teamwork. Conclusions: we verified that the nursing care highlighted by families aims at a humanistic care, established in the presence and based on human interaction.
Fine-Mapping the Wheat Snn1 Locus Conferring Sensitivity to the Parastagonospora nodorum Necrotrophic Effector SnTox1 Using an Eight Founder Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross Population
Authors: Cockram James , Scuderi Alice , Barber Toby , Furuki Eiko , Gardner Keith A , Gosman Nick , Kowalczyk Radoslaw , Phan Huyen P , Rose Gemma A , Tan Kar-Chun , Oliver Richard P , Mackay Ian J
Published: September 2015

The necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of one of the world’s most economically important cereal crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). P. nodorum produces necrotrophic protein effectors that mediate host cell death, providing nutrients for continuation of the infection process. The recent discovery of pathogen effectors has revolutionized disease resistance breeding for necrotrophic diseases in crop species, allowing often complex genetic resistance mechanisms to be broken down into constituent parts. To date, three effectors have been identified in P. nodorum. Here we use the effector, SnTox1, to screen 642 progeny from an eight-parent multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (i.e., MAGIC) population, genotyped with a 90,000-feature single-nucleotide polymorphism array. The MAGIC founders showed a range of sensitivity to SnTox1, with transgressive segregation evident in the progeny. SnTox1 sensitivity showed high heritability, with quantitative trait locus analyses fine-mapping the Snn1 locus to the short arm of chromosome 1B. In addition, a previously undescribed SnTox1 sensitivity locus was identified on the long arm of chromosome 5A, termed here QSnn.niab-5A.1. The peak single-nucleotide polymorphism for the Snn1 locus was converted to the KASP genotyping platform, providing breeders and researchers a simple and cheap diagnostic marker for allelic state at Snn1.
It Ain't Necessarily So
Authors: Breen Marcus
Published: September 2015

If Australian music industry studies were to be considered as those produced locally within the academic domain, then we could count them on the fingers of one hand. This short review of literature in the field of Australian music and record industry studies highlights the paucity of local! y published material and seeks to establish directions in which a music industry study can proceed.
CASH, CHORDS, CHAOS AND HYPE
Authors: Hayward Philip
Published: September 2015

Review essay of Matlock, G [with Silverton, P] (1990) I Was a Teenage Sex Pistol, London: Omnibus; and Savage, J (1991) England's Dreaming- Sex Pistols and Punk Rock, London: Faber and Faber
PROLACTIN АND SEROTONIN
Authors: Lychkova A. E. , Puzikov A. M.
Published: September 2015

An overview of the results of studies on prolactin (PRL) is given. The molecular and genetic characteristics of PRL and its receptor (PRLR) are presented. The PRLR polymorphism in patients with tumors of the breast is described. Synthesized analogues of human PRL inhibited its peripheral effects. The vegetative nervous system modulate PRL secretion. PRL is a risk factor for breast and prostate cancer. The signaling mechanisms of PRL and its possible clinical use in therapy of breast cancer are characterized.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN UNTRAINED YOUNG MEN UNDER DIFFERENT POWER LOADING MODES
Authors: Chernozub A. A.
Published: September 2015

Aim: to study features of variability of a rhythm of heart at unexercised young men under the influence of power loadings in the conditions of application of certain training modes in the course of long occupations by athleticism. Patients and methods: 40 young men participated in inspections at the age of 19–20 years, not having contraindications for occupations with burdenings. Research of indicators of training loading of both groups used by representatives in the course of occupations conducted a method of definition of an index of training loading in athleticism. For determination of values of indicators of the statistical and spectral analysis of a rhythm of heart the Polar RS800CX cardiomonitor was used. Control of studied indicators at rest and after power loading carried out for 3 months of occupations by athleticism with an interval in 1 month. Results: use in the course of occupations by athleticism of power loadings with large volume of work and low intensity considerably increases activity of the central mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of a rhythm of heart due to decrease in parasympathetic activation of autonomous nervous system on sinusovy knot of heart, than loading of high intensity with a small volume of work. Conclusions: the result of long-term adaptation to occupations by athleticism, in the conditions of different modes of loading, is characterized by existence of an ekonomization of functioning of cardiovascular system of the unexercised contingent.
MODERN MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF MICROCIRCULATION AND HYPOXIC SYNDROME
Authors: Ivanov K. P.
Published: September 2015

In this paper long known problems of microcirculation are shown, which were solved only during the last 40 years. They are concerned with the velocity and character of the capillary blood flow, the regulation of the capillary blood flow, the role of various vessels in the oxygen transport, the role of leukocytes in physiology and pathology of the capillary blood flow, with the special features of the function of lungs in supplying the whole organism with oxygen and with bioenergetic laws in the development of an organism adaptation to hypoxia. Here we considered a number of the most important medical problems of microcirculation and hypoxic syndrome. A relatively new factor in the capillary circulation is the fact that in the brain and heart capillaries there are sites with pO2 close to zero. They show that the capillary circulation has no central nervous regulation of the blood flow. The blood flow in these organs obeys only occasional oscillations. The new fact is that Krogh’s rule about metabolism and oxygen exchange occurring only in the capillaries is abandoned. It is shown that almost 30% of consumed oxygen is delivered to the brain via arterioles, which changes our relation to the capillary circulation as a unique mechanism of the tissue supply with oxygen. The new fact is also the mass adhesion of leukocytes to the walls of microvessels, which results in the occlusion of the vessels followed by the development of the heart and brain ischemia. It was shown for the first time that contrary to previous ideas the alveoli in the lungs are supplied with blood from a powerful network of large microvessels from 20 to 50 μm in diameter rather than from thin arterioles. They make possible the passage of 6–12 l of the blood in the norm and during stressed muscle activity — up to 18–23 l of blood per minute. The principle is substantiated that during hypoxia only normal supply of an organism with oxygen may result in a complete adaptation of an organism to the deficit of oxygen.
Features of Urine Biomineralization in Long-Livers
Authors: Shabalin V. N. , Uvarova D. S. , Shatokhina I. S.
Published: September 2015

The increasing number of long-livers in the developed countries indicates the demand for clarification of the body vital systems functioning features which allow the long-livers to prolong their active involvement in social life.

Objective: Aim of our study/research was to define a functional condition of urinary system in long-livers using the new diagnostic technology which analyses the structures of biological liquid at its phase transition in a solid state.

Methods: A case series study was held. All long-livers suffered from atherosclerosis and its complications as well as from associated diseases. An exclusion criterion was acute conditions. The creatinine level in blood serum, indicators of common urine analysis and features of urine facies (using cuneiform dehydration) were defined.

Results: Participants included 60 long-livers (mean age 87.344.17 years) who were passing clinical laboratory tests at in-patient department of gerontological hospital. In urine facies of 41 (68.3%) long-livers a phenomenon of salt crystals distribution was identified. It presents the concentration of anisotropic salt crystals in the form of a ring in a regional facies zone. The tenfold increase in concentration of calcium and double increase in concentration of phosphorus in comparison with the central zone was detected in long-livers with a higher percent sulphur in the regional zone of urine facies.

Conclusion: The urine facies of the majority of long-livers have signs of age structure formation associated with a specific distribution of anisotropic salt crystals which fix detritus in its inert form to block the autointoxication.
The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Magnesium Levels During Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Injury in Rats
Authors: Τsompos C. , Panoulis C. , Τοutouzas K. , Ζografos G. , Papalois A.
Published: September 2015

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the antioxidant drug U-74389G in a rat model of hypoxia reoxygenation using the previously established protocol. Effects of treatments were evaluated by magnesium (Mg2+) levels in blood.

Methods: Nonrandomized controlled study was performed. Mg2+ levels were determined in 60 min (groups A and C) and 120 min (groups B and D) after starting the reoxygenation. Groups A and B received no drugs, whereas rats from groups C and D were administered with U-74389G.

Results: 40 rats 1618 weeks old of a mean weight of 2312 g were employed in the study. It is demonstrated that U-74389G administration did not alter the Mg2+ levels (decrease in Mg2+ concentration was 0.282.75%; p =0.917). Reoxygenation non-significantly increased the Mg2+ levels by 4.272.66% (p =0.107). Together, the U-74389G administration and reoxygenation non-significantly increased the Mg2+ levels by 0.361.64% (p =0.823).

Conclusion: U-74389G administration, alone or in concert with reoxygenation did not significantly affect Mg2+ level in blood after experimental hypoxia in rats.
Intramedullary Elastic Transphyseal Tibial Osteosynthesis and Its Effect on Segmental Growth
Authors: Popkov D. A. , Kononovich N. A. , Mingazov E. R. , Shutov R. B. , Barbier D.
Published: September 2015

Background: Intramedullary transphyseal elastic osteosynthesis is used in children for the diseases accompanied by the reduced strength properties of bone tissue, and primarily for osteogenesis imperfecta.Objective: The purpose of the experimental study was to investigate tibial growth under the conditions of transphyseal counter-directed insertion of elastic rods without bone integrity breaking, under transverse fracture modeling, as well as under combining transphyseal reinforcement and subperiosteal positioning the titanium mesh with the elastic rods intervolved in it.Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial was performed. Three series of experiments performed in 18 puppies. Counter-directed transphyseal reinforcement of tibia performed in Series I,, transphyseal reinforcement combined with transverse osteotomy of leg bones — in Series II, transphyseal elastic osteosynthesis and subperiosteal positioning the titanium nickelide mesh with intervolved in it elastic rods during transverse leg bone osteotomy performed in Series III.Results: Transphyseal reinforcement resulted in growth retardation of the operated tibia. The loss of residual growth was 3.8 mm (p =0.078) in series I; 7.8 mm (p =0.032) — in series II; 7.7 mm (p =0.042) — in series III. Eccentric insertion of transphyseal rods formed an angular deformity (mean value 7°; p =0.023) of the distal tibial epiphysis in the process of residual growth. Periosteal and endosteal reactions contributed to enlargement of diaphyseal diameter of 3.9 mm (series II; p =0.037) and 3.8 mm (series III; p =0.041). Any difference of diameter between operated and intact tibia was not observed in series I.Conclusion: Intramedullary transphyseal reinforcement retards longitudinal bone growth. The positioning of the telescopic systems should be as close as possible to the center of growth plates in order to prevent angular deformities. Subperiosteal reinforcement doesn’t retard consolidation of fragments, and it can be combined with intramedullary transphyseal osteosynthesis
Gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem à criança em condição crônica hospitalizada
Authors: Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Valadares Glaucia Valente , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Leite Joséte Luzia
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as interações do enfermeiro na prática do gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem à criança em condição crônica hospitalizada. Método: foram utilizados como referenciais teórico e metodológico, respectivamente, o Pensamento Complexo e a Grounded Theory. Participaram do estudo 18 sujeitos organizados em três grupos: enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem e familiares. A técnica empregada para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. A análise dos dados seguiu as três etapas de codificação: aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados: a categoria "Necessitando gerenciar o cuidado de enfermagem à criança em condição crônica na Unidade de Internação Pediátrica" e suas respectivas subcategorias apresentam as complexas vinculações intersubjetivas estabelecidas pelo enfermeiro que sustentam a prática do gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem. Conclusão: nota-se dificuldade dos profissionais de enfermagem em interagir com o familiar da criança e na implementação do processo gerencial de cuidado, a dialógica ordem/desordem/interação/organização.
Análise de modelo de tomada de decisão de enfermeiros gerentes: uma reflexão coletiva
Authors: Eduardo Elizabete Araujo , Peres Aida Maris , Almeida Maria de Lourdes de , Roglio Karina de Dea , Bernardino Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o modelo de tomada de decisão construído por enfermeiros na perspectiva das teorias da administração sobre processo decisório. Método: pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade pesquisa-ação, realizada de abril a junho de 2012 que, por meio de questionário semiestruturado e seminários, buscou explorar a compreensão de nove enfermeiros gerentes de um hospital público do sul do Brasil sobre processo decisório e a natureza da tomada de decisão. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: Situação atual de tomada de decisão, que apresentou falta de sistematização; e Construção coletiva do processo decisório, que enfatiza a necessidade da construção de um modelo de tomada de decisão. Conclusão: o modelo de tomada de decisão elaborado é limitado, pois não considera importantes aspectos do processo decisório: os limites da racionalidade humana e o ambiente externo e interno das organizações que interferem e determinam as decisões.
Estado de saúde e saúde mental de pacientes após intervenção coronária percutânea
Authors: Richter Vitor Cesar , Coelho Mariana , Arantes Eliana de Cássia , Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti , Schmidt André , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Rossi Lídia Aparecida , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre o estado de saúde percebido e a saúde mental de pacientes submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea, após a alta hospitalar. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, com 101 participantes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF- 36) e Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Os participantes foram divididos em três grupos: sem ansiedade e sem depressão (G1), com ansiedade ou depressão (G2) e com ambos (G3). Para comparação das médias dos domínios do SF-36 entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste ANOVA. Resultados: houve associação entre o estado de saúde percebido e a saúde mental. Participantes pertencentes ao G1 apresentaram maiores escores em todos os domínios do SF-36 quando comparado àqueles pertencentes ao G2 e G3. Conclusão: participantes sem ansiedade e depressão apresentaram melhor estado de saúde percebido que aqueles com ansiedade ou depressão, ou ambos.
Produção científica da Enfermagem sobre promoção de saúde, condição crônica e envelhecimento
Authors: Valcarenghi Rafaela Vivian , Lourenço Luciana de Fátima Leite , Siewert Josiane Steil , Alvarez Angela Maria
Published: September 2015

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar a produção científica dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem do Brasil, sobre promoção da saúde com enfoque nas pessoas idosas em condição crônica, no período de 2006 a 2010. Método: pesquisa integrativa, realizada através da busca de dissertações e teses da base de dados do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Enfermagem da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicados no período de 2006 a 2010, que focassem a promoção de saúde de idosos em condição crônica. Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias temáticas: "Convívio com a doença"; "Tecnologias de cuidado"; "Potencialidades para o autocuidado" "Dimensão psicoespiritual" e "Família cuidadora". Conclusão: pôde-se identificar a assistência de enfermagem como elemento fundamental para promover a saúde do indivíduo idoso e torná-lo mais independente de cuidados para conviver com suas limitações ou incapacidades, mesmo acometido por doenças crônicas.
Avaliação de clones de seringueira para a região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Alem Hernandes Martins , Gouvêa Lígia Regina Lima , Silva Guilherme Augusto Peres , Oliveira Andre Luíz Bombonato de , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza
Published: September 2015

RESUMOSão Paulo é o Estado no qual clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensisWilld. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg. têm apresentado maior produtividade de borracha, no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de borracha e o vigor de 14 clones de seringueira, implantados na região de Votuporanga, além de averiguar mudanças na tendência da correlação anual, para analisar a possibilidade de uma seleção precoce, com base nos caracteres estudados. Para isso, a produção de borracha, em gramas árvore-1sangria-1, foi avaliada, utilizando-se o sistema de sangria 1/2S d/4 5d/7 11m/y ET 2,5%. O período de avaliação da produção de borracha foi de oito anos. O vigor, também, foi analisado, medindo-se o perímetro do caule por 16 anos. Os clones IRCA 111 e PB 235 tiveram os melhores desempenhos de produção de borracha. Os clones IAC 15 e IAC 44 apresentaram os melhores resultados de vigor. As correlações genéticas e fenotípicas foram significativas e positivas entre todos os anos de produção. Para o vigor, a significância dos coeficientes de correlação genotípica e fenotípica diferiram na pré-sangria e na pós-sangria. Pelos valores de produção de borracha observados, os clones IRCA 111 e PB 235 são considerados favoráveis à recomendação em pequena escala para a região de Votuporanga. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível realizar uma seleção precoce para o caráter de produtividade, usando-se os dados obtidos no primeiro ano de avaliação. Por causa das diferenças observadas entre os períodos de pré-sangria e pós-sangria, não é aconselhável realizar uma seleção precoce no período de pré-sangria, visando ao caráter de vigor.
Avaliação de genótipos de mandioca industriais em área de Cerrado do Noroeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Vieira Eduardo Alano , Fialho Josefino de Freitas , Carvalho Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco , Malaquias Juaci Vitoria , Fernandes Francisco Duarte
Published: September 2015

RESUMOA avaliação agronômica de cultivares é passo inicial para a determinação do potencial de cultivo de uma cultura em determinado local. Entretanto, ainda não foram desenvolvidos estudos sistemáticos visando à determinação do potencial produtivo de diferentes genótipos de mandioca para indústria, na região de Unaí, Minas Gerais. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por duas safras, 12 genótipos-elite de mandioca para indústria de farinha e fécula, em área de Cerrado da Região Noroeste de Minas Gerais, no município de Unaí. Os experimentos foram conduzidos entre novembro de 2010 e maio de 2012 (safra 2010/2012) e entre novembro de 2011 e maio de 2013 (safra 2011/2013), em área experimental da Escola Agrícola de Unaí. Aos 12 meses após o plantio, nas duas safras, efetuou-se a poda da parte aérea, a 10 cm do solo, de todos os genótipos. Aos 18 meses após o plantio dos experimentos, os genótipos foram avaliados quanto aos caracteres peso da parte aérea, produtividade de raízes, percentagem de amido nas raízes e foi estimado o rendimento de amido. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância individual e conjunta e ao teste de agrupamento de médias. Os resultados revelaram que os genótipos diferiram quanto aos caracteres avaliados, sendo que todos apresentaram características com potencial para cultivo, nas condições locais de avaliação, como elevada produtividades de raízes, elevado peso da parte aérea, elevados teores de amido nas raízes e elevado rendimento de amido, com destaque para o acesso BGMC 996.
Crescimento de crambe na presença ou ausência de competição interespecífica
Authors: Concenço Germani , Staut Luiz Alberto , Correia Igor Vinicius Talhari , Vieira Luiz Carlos Yamamoto , Silva César José da
Published: September 2015

RESUMOCrambe (Crambe abyssinica) has a cropping cycle of around 90 days, being suitable as an alternative to the second grain crop planted after soybean is harvested in the Center West region of Brazil. It is necessary to understand the growth and development dynamics of crambe plants in order to allow correct management of the production factors. This study aimed to describe the growth and development parameters of crambe plants under presence or absence of interspecific competition. The experiment was installed in the fall-winter 2011 in an Oxisoil, in completely randomized blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised crambe plants growing either in presence or absence of interspecific simulated competition, throughout the cropping cycle. Plants were collected for the growth analysis every 15 days from harvest until 75 days after emergence. Growth parameters leaf area (AF), dry mass of stems/culms (MSC), leaves (MSF) and total (MST) dry mass, leaf area index (IAF), absolute (TCA) and relative (TCR) growth rates, net assimilation rate (TAL), specific leaf area (AFE), leaf area duration (DAF), leaf area ratio (RAF) and leaf mass ratio (RMF) were determined for the crop plants, subjected or not to competition, as well as for the simulated competitor. Crambe is a low competitive crop, being the competition more severe until 60-70 days after emergence. Besides, crop performance under field conditions was properly described by the net assimilation rate (TAL), which is also affected by the leaf area duration (DAF) and leaf mass ratio (RMF).
PRODUÇÃO DE UM MAPA PEDOLÓGICO ASSOCIANDO TÉCNICAS COMUNS AOS MAPEAMENTOS DIGITAIS DE SOLOS COM DELINEAMENTO MANUAL DE UNIDADES DE MAPEAMENTO
Authors: Teske Rodrigo , Giasson Elvio , Bagatini Tatiane
Published: September 2015

A produção de mapas pedológicos por meio de técnicas do mapeamento digital de solos (MDS) pode ser dificultada pela falta de mapas pedológicos tradicionais de referência. Nessas situações, o conhecimento tácito do mapeador pode ser usado para o delineamento manual das unidades de mapeamento (UMs) a partir de geração de um mapa de ocorrência de tipos de solos preditos pelo MDS. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar e comparar mapas de solos gerados por dois métodos, um denominado “MDS direto”, em que foi gerado um mapa preditor de UMs com base no modelo estabelecido com informações provenientes de um mapa pedológico convencional de referência preexistente, e outro em que o modelo preditor foi estabelecido a partir do exame de atributos morfológicos de 193 perfis de solo para identificar os tipos de solos, gerando-se um mapa com a indicação de ocorrência de tipos de solos sobre o qual foi realizado o delineamento manual das UMs, com base em mudanças das feições da superfície do solo. As predições foram feitas usando árvores de classificação Simple Cart,correlacionando oito variáveis do terreno com a ocorrência de UMs identificadas com nomes de classes de solos do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. A acurácia dos mapas foi avaliada pela “verdade de campo” (verificação em campo do tipo de solo ocorrente e comparação com o previsto no mapa) e pela concordância dos mapas gerados com o mapa de referência. Quando avaliado pela “verdade de campo”, a acurácia do mapa gerado pelo método MDS direto foi de 74 %, enquanto a acurácia do mapa de MDS com delineamento manual foi de 79 %. Os dois métodos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios; o método que usou o delineamento manual e a identificação em alguns locais dos tipos de solo no campo apresentou a vantagem de não necessitar de mapas pedológicos de referência para o treinamento dos modelos preditores.
Resposta do Feijoeiro Comum à Inoculação com Rizóbio e Suplementação com Nitrogênio Mineral em Dois Biomas Brasileiros
Authors: Brito Luciana Fernandes de , Pacheco Rafael Sanches , Souza Filho Benedito Fernandes de , Ferreira Enderson Petrônio de Brito , Straliotto Rosângela , Araújo Adelson Paulo
Published: September 2015

O feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pode se beneficiar da fixação biológica de N2, mas respostas inconsistentes da cultura à inoculação com rizóbio indicam a necessidade de aplicação de N mineral complementar. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta do feijoeiro à inoculação com rizóbio, associada à suplementação com N mineral, nos biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos de campo, dois em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, um em Valença, RJ e um em Macaé, RJ, onde a inoculação com estirpes comerciais de rizóbio foi comparada à inoculação com a estirpe BR 923 de Sinorhizobium sp., à adubação com N mineral e à suplementação com N na semeadura e em cobertura. A avaliação da população nativa de rizóbio indicou 105 células g-1 no solo na área experimental em Goiás, anteriormente cultivada com feijão, e 102células g-1 em Valença, anteriormente mantida com pastagem. Nos dois experimentos em Goiás, o rendimento de grãos, da ordem de 2.100 kg ha-1, não diferiu entre os tratamentos testemunha absoluta, inoculação com rizóbio ou aplicação de 120 kg ha-1 de N. Em Valença, a inoculação com estirpes comerciais forneceu rendimentos da cultivar Ouro Negro superiores à testemunha absoluta, na ausência de adubação de cobertura; na presença de 40 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, a inoculação com rizóbio proporcionou rendimento de 3.420 kg ha-1, superior aos demais tratamentos. Na média das diferentes fontes de N na semeadura, a adubação de cobertura aumentou a produção de grãos de 2.367 para 2.542 kg ha-1. Em Macaé, em solo com alto teor de matéria orgânica, os maiores rendimentos foram obtidos com inoculação das estirpes comerciais associada a 40 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, com efeito deletério da adubação de 80 kg ha-1 de N no plantio. Concluiu-se que em áreas sem cultivo prévio de feijão, a inoculação com estirpes comerciais de rizóbio aumentou o rendimento de grãos, em particular quando associada à adubação de cobertura com N.
BEYOND THE “LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE”: RETHINKING SOIL PHYSICS RESEARCH IN BRAZIL
Authors: van Lier Quirijn de Jong , Gubiani Paulo Ivonir
Published: September 2015

As opposed to objective definitions in soil physics, the subjective term “soil physical quality” is increasingly found in publications in the soil physics area. A supposed indicator of soil physical quality that has been the focus of attention, especially in the Brazilian literature, is the Least Limiting Water Range (RLL), translated in Portuguese as "Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo" or IHO. In this paper the four limiting water contents that define RLLare discussed in the light of objectively determinable soil physical properties, pointing to inconsistencies in the RLLdefinition and calculation. It also discusses the interpretation of RLL as an indicator of crop productivity or soil physical quality, showing its inability to consider common phenological and pedological boundary conditions. It is shown that so-called “critical densities” found by the RLL through a commonly applied calculation method are questionable. Considering the availability of robust models for agronomy, ecology, hydrology, meteorology and other related areas, the attractiveness of RLL as an indicator to Brazilian soil physicists is not related to its (never proven) effectiveness, but rather to the simplicity with which it is dealt. Determining the respective limiting contents in a simplified manner, relegating the study or concern on the actual functioning of the system to a lower priority, goes against scientific construction and systemic understanding. This study suggests a realignment of the research in soil physics in Brazil with scientific precepts, towards mechanistic soil physics, to replace the currently predominant search for empirical correlations below the state of the art of soil physics.