bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insufficient Physical Fitness and Deficits in Basic Eating Habits in Normal-Weight Obese Children Are Apparent from Pre-School Age or Sooner
Authors: Musálek Martin , Sedlak Petr , Dvořáková Hana , Vážná Anna , Novák Jan , Kokštejn Jakub , Vokounová Šárka , Beránková Adéla , Pařízková Jana
Published: September 2021

Normal-weight obesity appears to be an extended diagnosis/syndrome associated with insufficient physical fitness levels and inadequate eating habits at least from school years. However, its relation to long term health parameters in pre-school children remains unknown, even though pre-school age is crucial for the determining healthy lifelong habits. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the differences in physical fitness level and basic eating habits between normal-weight obese, normal-weight non-obese, and overweight and obese preschoolers. The research sample consisted of 188 preschoolers aged 4.0–6.9 years (Mage = 5.52 ± 0.8 year), normal-weight obese = 25; normal-weight non-obese = 143, overweight and obese = 20. Body composition was measured using bio-impedance InBody230. Six tests assessed the physical fitness level: sit-ups; standing long jump; shuttle running 4 × 5 meters; throwing with a tennis ball; multistage fitness tests; sit and reach. A four-item eating habits questionnaire for parents focusing on breakfast regularity, consumption of sweet foods and drinks, selection of food and attitude towards eating was used. A non-parametric analysis of variance and Fisher’s exact test along with suitable effect sizes were used for data processing of physical fitness tests and the basic eating habits questionnaire, respectively. Normal-weight obese children performed significantly worse (from p = 0.03 to p < 0.001, ES ω2-G = low to medium) in muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and running agility compared to normal-weight non-obese counterparts and did not significantly differ in the majority of physical fitness performance tests from overweight and obese peers. In basic eating habits, normal-weight obese boys preferred significantly more sweet foods and drinks (p = 0.003 ES = 0.35, large), while normal-weight obese girls had significantly more negative attitude towards eating (p = 0.002 ES = 0.33, large) in comparison to their normal-weight non-obese peers. Normal-weight obesity seems to develop from early childhood and is associated with low physical fitness and deficits in eating habits which might inhibit the natural necessity for physically active life from pre-school age or sooner.
Trend Observations in Home Parenteral Nutrition. Prevalence, Hospitalizations and Costs: Results from a Nationwide Analysis of Health Care Provider Data
Authors: Folwarski Marcin , Kłęk Stanisław , Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz Agnieszka , Wyszomirski Adam , Brzeziński Michał , Skotnicka Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Background: The population of patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) worldwide is growing. Since only a few counties provide data from national registries long-term observations are valuable to address this specific area of nutrition support. This study is a nationwide analysis determining the trends in the epidemiology of HPN (prevalence, age distribution, death rates), indications for HPN, causes for hospitalizations, and cost analysis of HPN reimbursement in Poland between 2010–2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from the national health fund (NHF) of Poland on adult patients on HPN. Results: The prevalence of adult patients on HPN in Poland in 2020 was 53.26 per million citizens with a 2.99-fold increase and a growing trend observed from 2010. Significant decrease in the percentage of patients between 18–34, 45–54 and an increase in patients between 65–74 and patients over 75 years old was observed. Trend analysis showed an increase in new patients between 65–74 and a decrease between 35–54. Malnutrition (34.28%), postprocedural disorders of the GI tract (19.61%), intestinal malabsorption/other intestinal diseases (20.41%) and GI obstruction due to cancer (17.36% as primary and 23.16% as secondary diagnosis) were mostly reported as the primary indications for HPN. Cancer patients were mostly gastric, ovarian and colon cancer (34.74%, 17.83% and 12.3%). HPN and total health cost reimbursement increase was 2.6 and 2.57—fold respectively. Costs of HPN and total health care costs in 2020 per patient were € 10,015 and € 16,038, respectively. Overall death risk rate during the first year of nutrition was 0.59 with a significant increase in the observation period p-trend < 0.004. A significant increase in the death rate was observed in patients above 75 years old (estimate 1.629, p-trend < 0.030). Cancer, infection, malnutrition and GI symptoms were the most common indications for hospitalizations of HPN patients. The rate of patients with a maximal length of HPN of 5 months in 2010 was 54.9% and was growing up to 78.1% in 2020. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPN in Poland is growing. Trends of age distribution show increasing numbers of patients with more advanced age and shorter survival. Costs of HPN are comparable with other European data.
Dietary Cocoa Flavanols Enhance Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle and Modify Whole-Body Metabolism in Healthy Mice
Authors: Daussin Frédéric Nicolas , Cuillerier Alexane , Touron Julianne , Bensaid Samir , Melo Bruno , Al Rewashdy Ali , Vasam Goutham , Menzies Keir J. , Harper Mary-Ellen , Heyman Elsa , Burelle Yan
Published: September 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely reported in various diseases and contributes to their pathogenesis. We assessed the effect of cocoa flavanols supplementation on mitochondrial function and whole metabolism, and we explored whether the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is involved or not. We explored the effects of 15 days of CF supplementation in wild type and Sirt3-/- mice. Whole-body metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to assess glucose metabolism. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilised fibres and the pyridine nucleotides content (NAD+ and NADH) were quantified. In the wild type, CF supplementation significantly modified whole-body metabolism by promoting carbohydrate use and improved glucose tolerance. CF supplementation induced a significant increase of mitochondrial mass, while significant qualitative adaptation occurred to maintain H2O2 production and cellular oxidative stress. CF supplementation induced a significant increase in NAD+ and NADH content. All the effects mentioned above were blunted in Sirt3-/- mice. Collectively, CF supplementation boosted the NAD metabolism that stimulates sirtuins metabolism and improved mitochondrial function, which likely contributed to the observed whole-body metabolism adaptation, with a greater ability to use carbohydrates, at least partially through Sirt3.
Nutritional Inadequacy: Unraveling the Methodological Challenges for the Application of the Probability Approach or the EAR Cut-Point Method—A Pregnancy Perspective
Authors: Tsakoumaki Foteini , Kyrkou Charikleia , Athanasiadis Apostolos P. , Menexes Georgios , Michaelidou Alexandra-Maria
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to unravel the methodological challenges when exploring nutritional inadequacy, involving 608 healthy pregnant women. The usual intake of twenty-one nutrients was recorded by employing a validated FFQ. Simulated datasets of usual intake were generated, with randomly imposed uncertainty. The comparison between the usual intake and the EAR was accomplished with the probability approach and the EAR cut-point method. Point estimates were accompanied by bootstrap confidence intervals. Bootstrap intervals applied on the risk of inadequacy for raw and simulated data tended in most cases to overlap. A detailed statistical analysis, aiming to predict the level of inadequacy, as well as the application of the EAR cut-point method, along with bootstrap intervals, could effectively be used to assess nutrient inadequacy. However, the final decision for the method used depends on the distribution of nutrient-intake under evaluation. Irrespective of the applied methodology, moderate to high levels of inadequacy, calculated from FFQ were identified for certain nutrients (e.g., vitamins C, B6, magnesium, vitamin A), while the highest were recorded for folate and iron. Considering that micronutrient-poor, obesogenic diets are becoming more common, the underlying rationale may help towards unraveling the complexity characterizing nutritional inadequacies, especially in vulnerable populations.
The Hypothermic Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Is Mediated by the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 Channel in Mice
Authors: Olah Emoke , Rumbus Zoltan , Kormos Viktoria , Tekus Valeria , Pakai Eszter , Wilson Hannah V. , Fekete Kata , Solymar Margit , Kelava Leonardo , Keringer Patrik , Gaszner Balazs , Whiteman Matthew , Keeble Julie , Pinter Erika , Garami Andras
Published: September 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown in previous studies to cause hypothermia and hypometabolism in mice, and its thermoregulatory effects were subsequently investigated. However, the molecular target through which H2S triggers its effects on deep body temperature has remained unknown. We investigated the thermoregulatory response to fast-(Na2S) and slow-releasing (GYY4137) H2S donors in C57BL/6 mice, and then tested whether their effects depend on the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channel in Trpa1 knockout (Trpa1−/−) and wild-type (Trpa1+/+) mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of Na2S (0.5–1 mg/kg) caused hypothermia in C57BL/6 mice, which was mediated by cutaneous vasodilation and decreased thermogenesis. In contrast, intraperitoneal administration of Na2S (5 mg/kg) did not cause any thermoregulatory effect. Central administration of GYY4137 (3 mg/kg) also caused hypothermia and hypometabolism. The hypothermic response to both H2S donors was significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated in Trpa1−/− mice compared to their Trpa1+/+ littermates. Trpa1 mRNA transcripts could be detected with RNAscope in hypothalamic and other brain neurons within the autonomic thermoeffector pathways. In conclusion, slow- and fast-releasing H2S donors induce hypothermia through hypometabolism and cutaneous vasodilation in mice that is mediated by TRPA1 channels located in the brain, presumably in hypothalamic neurons within the autonomic thermoeffector pathways.
Neuroprotective Effects against Glutamate-Induced HT-22 Hippocampal Cell Damage and Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan/Healthspan Enhancing Activity of Auricularia polytricha Mushroom Extracts
Authors: Sillapachaiyaporn Chanin , Rangsinth Panthakarn , Nilkhet Sunita , Ung Alison T. , Chuchawankul Siriporn , Tencomnao Tewin
Published: September 2021

Oxidative stress is associated with several diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, commonly found in the elderly. The attenuation of oxidative status is one of the alternatives for neuroprotection and anti-aging. Auricularia polytricha (AP), an edible mushroom, contains many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant properties. Herein, we report the effects of AP extracts on antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-aging activities. The neuroprotective effect of AP extracts against glutamate-induced HT-22 neuronal damage was determined by evaluating the cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Lifespan and healthspan assays were performed to examine the effects of AP extracts from Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that ethanolic extract (APE) attenuated glutamate-induced HT-22 cytotoxicity and increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. Moreover, APE promoted in the longevity and health of the C. elegans. Chemical analysis of the extracts revealed that APE contains the highest quantity of flavonoids and a reasonable percentage of phenols. The lipophilic compounds in APE were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), revealing that APE mainly contains linoleic acid. Interestingly, linoleic acid suppressed neuronal toxicity and ROS accumulation from glutamate induction. These results indicate that AP could be an exciting natural source that may potentially serves as neuroprotective and anti-aging agents.
Probing Critical Physical Properties of Lactose-Polyethylene Glycol Microparticles in Pulmonary Delivery of Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Alhajj Nasser , Naharudin Idanawati , Colombo Paolo , Quarta Eride , Wong Tin Wui
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary delivery of chitosan nanoparticles is met with nanoparticle agglomeration and exhalation. Admixing lactose-based microparticles (surface area-weighted diameter~5 μm) with nanoparticles mutually reduces particle agglomeration through surface adsorption phenomenon. Lactose-polyethylene glycol (PEG) microparticles with different sizes, morphologies and crystallinities were prepared by a spray drying method using varying PEG molecular weights and ethanol contents. The chitosan nanoparticles were similarly prepared. In vitro inhalation performance and peripheral lung deposition of chitosan nanoparticles were enhanced through co-blending with larger lactose-PEG microparticles with reduced specific surface area. These microparticles had reduced inter-microparticle interaction, thereby promoting microparticle–nanoparticle interaction and facilitating nanoparticles flow into peripheral lung.
Modeling EDFA Gain: Approaches and Challenges
Authors: Liu Yichen , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Lei , Zhang Yihao , Cai Meng , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Zhuge Qunbi
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of virtual/augmented reality and cloud services, the capacity demand for optical communication systems is ever-increasing. To further increase system capacity, current researches focus on efficient and reliable system management, in which the transmission performance should be accurately estimated. The wavelength-dependent gain effects of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have a great impact on transmission performance, and therefore a precise EDFA gain model is required. In this paper, we firstly summarize the underlying principles and structures of EDFA, and introduce the gain performance and challenges in modeling. Then, we review the EDFA gain modeling methods. We categorize these researches into analytical modeling methods and machine learning (ML)-based modeling methods, and discuss their feasibilities and performances. In addition, we discuss the remaining problems for applying the models in a system and the possible directions for future investigations.
Cloning Coconut via Somatic Embryogenesis: A Review of the Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Kalaipandian Sundaravelpandian , Mu Zhihua , Kong Eveline Yee Yan , Biddle Julianne , Cave Robyn , Bazrafshan Amirhossein , Wijayabandara Kusinara , Beveridge Fernanda Caro , Nguyen Quang , Adkins Steve W.
Published: September 2021

Coconut [Cocos nucifera L.] is often called “the tree of life” because of its many uses in the food, beverage, medicinal, and cosmetic industries. Currently, more than 50% of the palms grown throughout the world are senile and need to be replanted immediately to ensure production levels meet the present and increasing demand for coconut products. Mass replanting will not be possible using traditional propagation methods from seed. Recent studies have indicated that in vitro cloning via somatic embryogenesis is the most promising alternative for the large-scale production of new coconut palms. This paper provides a review on the status and prospects for the application of somatic embryogenesis to mass clonal propagation of coconut.
CRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems: Mechanisms and Applications in Plant Sciences
Authors: Karlson Chou Khai Soong , Mohd-Noor Siti Nurfadhlina , Nolte Nadja , Tan Boon Chin
Published: September 2021

RNA-guided genomic transcriptional regulation tools, namely clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa), are a powerful technology for gene functional studies. Deriving from the CRISPR/Cas9 system, both systems consist of a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9), a transcriptional effector and a single guide RNA (sgRNA). This type of dCas9 is incapable to cleave DNA but retains its ability to specifically bind to DNA. The binding of the dCas9/sgRNA complex to a target gene results in transcriptional interference. The CRISPR/dCas9 system has been explored as a tool for transcriptional modulation and genome imaging. Despite its potential applications and benefits, the challenges and limitations faced by the CRISPR/dCas9 system include the off-target effects, protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence requirements, efficient delivery methods and the CRISPR/dCas9-interfered crops being labeled as genetically modified organisms in several countries. This review highlights the progression of CRISPR/dCas9 technology as well as its applications and potential challenges in crop improvement.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Two Mexican Medicinal Plants
Authors: Andrade-Cetto Adolfo , Espinoza-Hernández Fernanda , Mata-Torres Gerardo , Escandón-Rivera Sonia
Published: September 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide prevalent disease that is due to a progressive loss of adequate β-cell insulin secretion, frequently against a background of insulin resistance. In Mexican traditional medicine, the therapeutic use of hypoglycemic plants to control the disease is a common practice among type 2 diabetic patients. In the present work, we examined the traditional use of the aerial parts of Eryngium longifolium and the rhizome of Alsophila firma, consumed by people use over the day (in fasting state) to control their blood glucose levels, therefore, we aimed to assess the acute hypoglycemic effect of both plants. First, basic phytochemical profiles of both plants were determined and, subsequently, acute toxicity tests were carried out. Then, in vivo hypoglycemic tests were performed in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats and finally the effect of the plants on three enzymes involved in glucose metabolism was assayed in vitro. Through HPLC-DAD chromatography, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, isoflavones, and glycosylated flavonoids were identified in E. longifolium, while the possible presence of flavanones or dihydroflavonols was reported in A. firma. Both plants exhibited a statistically significant hypoglycemic effect, without a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, they inhibited glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in in vitro assays, which could be associated with the hypoglycemic effect in vivo. Thus, this study confirmed for the first time the traditional use of the aerial part of E. longifolium and the rhizome of A. firma as hypoglycemic agents in a hyperglycemic animal model. In addition, it was concluded that their ability to regulate hyperglycemia could involve the inhibition of hepatic glucose output, which mainly controls glucose levels in the fasting state.
Extraction of Cellulose Polymeric Material from Populus tremula Fibers: Characterization and Application to the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet
Authors: Almutairi Faisal Muteb , El-Ghoul Yassine , Jabli Mahjoub
Published: September 2021

Cellulose is the most widely available biopolymer which is extensively used for several applications including textiles, composites, pharmaceutical, water treatment, etc. In this investigation, cellulose was chemically extracted from Populus tremula seed fibers. Samples were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and TGA-DTA analyses. FT-IR spectrum of the extracted cellulose confirmed that hemicellulose and lignin were removed during alkali and bleaching treatments. SEM images showed the partially roughened surface of the fiber due to the removal of non-cellulosic elements and surface impurities during chemical modification. The crystallinity index values for untreated Populus tremula fibers and extracted cellulose were calculated to be 32.8% and 58.9%, respectively. The obvious increase in the crystallinity index for the extracted cellulose confirmed the removal of amorphous compounds present in raw populus. Alkali-treated populus fibers were more thermally stable than raw fibers. All changes observed after alkali and bleaching treatments evidenced the removal of amorphous contents and non-cellulosic components in raw populus fibers. Extracted cellulose exhibited excellent adsorption capacities of methylene blue (140.4 mg g−1) and crystal violet (154 mg g−1). The pseudo second order equation fitted well the kinetic data indicating a chemi-sorption process. The Freundlich model complied well with the experimental data suggesting that the adsorption of the studied dyes was multilayer.
Valorization of Sugarcane Straw for the Development of Sustainable Biopolymer-Based Composites
Authors: Robledo-Ortíz Jorge R. , Martín del Campo Alan S. , Blackaller Juan A. , González-López Martín E. , Pérez Fonseca Aida A.
Published: September 2021

Sugarcane straw (SCS) is a common agro-industrial waste that is usually incinerated or discarded in fields after harvesting, increasing the importance of developing added-value applications for this residue. In this study, sustainable biocomposites were produced, and the effect of sugarcane straw as a filler/reinforcement of commercial biopolymers was evaluated. Biocomposites were prepared using polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), or green polyethylene (Green-PE) with different fiber contents (20, 30, and 40 wt.%). Dry-blending followed by compression molding was used for the biocomposites preparation. The results showed that PLA, PHB, and PHBV biocomposites retained the same impact strength as the neat matrices, even with 40 wt.% of sugarcane straw. The flexural and tensile modulus of PLA, PHB, and PHBV biocomposites increased with 20% of SCS, whereas, in Green-PE biocomposites, these properties increased at all fiber contents. Since any compatibilizer was used, both the flexural and tensile strength decreased with the addition of SCS. However, even with the highest content of SCS, the tensile and flexural strength values were around 20 MPa, making these materials competitive for specific industrial applications.
Capacitive and Conductometric Type Dual-Mode Relative Humidity Sensor Based on 5,10,15,20-tetra Phenyl Porphyrinato Nickel (II) (TPPNi)
Authors: Akram Rizwan , Yaseen Muhammad , Farooq Zahid , Rauf Ayesha , Almohaimeed Ziyad M. , Ikram Muhammad , Zafar Qayyum
Published: September 2021

(1) Background: A quest for a highly sensitive and reliable humidity monitoring system for a diverse variety of applications is quite vital. Specifically, the ever-increasing demand of humidity sensors in applications ranging from agriculture to healthcare equipment (to cater the current demand of COVID-19 ventilation systems), calls for a selection of suitable humidity sensing material. (2) Methods: In the present study, the TPPNi macromolecule has been synthesized by using a microwave-assisted synthesis process. The layer structure of the fabricated humidity sensor (Al/TPPNi/Al) consists of pair of planar 120 nm thin aluminum (Al) electrodes (deposited by thermal evaporation) and ~160 nm facile spin-coated solution-processable organic TPPNi as an active layer between the ~40 µm electrode gap. (3) Results: Electrical properties (capacitance and impedance) of sensors were found to be substantially sensitive not only on relative humidity but also on the frequency of the input bias signal. The proposed sensor exhibits multimode (capacitive and conductometric) operation with significantly higher sensitivity ~146.17 pF/%RH at 500 Hz and 48.23 kΩ/%RH at 1 kHz. (4) Conclusions: The developed Al/TPPNi/Al surface type humidity sensor’s much-improved detecting properties along with reasonable dynamic range and response time suggest that it could be effective for continuous humidity monitoring in multi environmental applications.
Novel Crosslinking System for Poly-Chloroprene Rubber to Enable Recyclability and Introduce Self-Healing
Authors: Kaur Anureet , Gautrot Julien , Cavalli Gabriel , Watson Douglas , Bickley Alan , Akutagawa Keizo , Busfield James
Published: September 2021

The introduction of dynamic bonds capable of mediating self-healing in a fully cross-linked polychloroprene network can only occur if the reversible moieties are carried by the cross-linker itself or within the main polymer backbone. Conventional cross-linking is not suitable for such a purpose. In the present work, a method to develop a self-healable and recyclable polychloroprene rubber is presented. Dynamic disulfide bonds are introduced as part of the structure of a crosslinker (liquid polysulfide polymer, Thiokol LP3) coupled to the polymer backbone via thermally initiated thiol-ene reaction. The curing and kinetic parameters were determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry and by moving die rheometer analysis; tensile testing was carried to compare the tensile strength of cured compound, healed compounds and recycled compounds, while chemical analysis was conducted by surface X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Three formulations with increasing concentrations of Thiokol LP-3 were studied (2, 4, 6 phr), reaching a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 22.4 MPa and ultimate tensile strain of 16.2 with 2 phr of Thiokol LP-3, 11.7 MPa and 10.7 strain with 4 phr and 5.6 MPa and 7.3 strain with 6 phr. The best healing efficiencies were obtained after 24 h of healing at 80 °C, increasing with the concentration of Thiokol LP-3, reaching maximum values of 4.5% 4.4% 13.4% with 2 phr, 4 phr and 6 phr, respectively, while the highest recycling efficiency was obtained with 4 phr of Thiokol LP-3, reaching 11.2%.
Integrative Network Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Combined with Gemcitabine against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sahruddin Nursaffa Alisya , Sun Zhong , Rosdi Norsyasya Adriana , Warrier Sudha , Thilakavathy Karuppiah
Published: September 2021

Gemcitabine (GEM) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Moringa oleifera (MO) exhibited various biological activities, including anticancer effects. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of their combination against pancreatic cancer has not yet been explored. This study evaluates the effect of MO and GEM against pancreatic cancer through network pharmacology. TCMSP, TCMID, and PubMed were used to identify and screen MO bioactive compounds. MO and GEM genes were predicted through DGIdb, CTD, and DrugBank. Pancreatic cancer genes were retrieved from OMIM and MalaCards. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and compound-target-pathway network were established via STRING and Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID Bioinformatic Tools. Catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, and epicatechin that met the drug screening requirements, and three additional compounds, glucomoringin, glucoraphanin, and moringinine, were identified as bioactive compounds in MO. Catechin was found to be the main hub compound in MO. TP53, AKT1, VEGFA, and CCND1 from PPI network were discovered as hub genes to have biological importance in pancreatic cancer. GO and pathway analysis revealed that MO and GEM combination was mainly associated with cancer, including pancreatic cancer, through regulation of apoptosis. Combination therapy between MO and GEM might provide insight in pancreatic cancer treatment.
Influence of Porous Media Aperture Arrangement on CH4/Air Combustion Characteristics in Micro Combustor
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Xueming , Feng Shuai , Yan Yunfei
Published: September 2021

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) occupy an important position in the national economy and military fields, and have attracted great attention from a large number of scholars. As an important part of the micro-electromechanical system, the micro-combustor has serious heat loss due to its small size, unstable combustion and low combustion efficiency. Aiming at enhancing the heat transfer of the micro-combustor, improving the combustion stability and high-efficiency combustion, this paper embedded porous media in the combustor, and the effects of different parameters on the combustion characteristics were numerically studied. The research results showed that the layout of porous media should be reasonable, and the small and large pore porous media embedded in the inner and outer layers, respectively, can bring better combustion performance. Meanwhile, A: 10–30 has a high and uniform temperature distribution, and its methane conversion rate reached 97.4%. However, the diameter ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer (d/D) of the porous medium should be maintained at 0.4–0.6, which brings a longer gas residence time, and further enables the pre-mixed gas to preheat and burn completely. At a d/D of 0.5, the combustor has the highest outer wall temperature and CH4 conversion efficiency. Besides, compared with the pore size increasing rate of Δn = 10 PPI and Δn = 10 PPI, the radial temperature distribution of the Δn = 10 PPI combustor is more uniform, meanwhile avoids the occurrence of local high temperature. Under the condition of Δn = 10 PPI, A: 20–30 layout maintains excellent thermal and combustion performance. In addition, the lean flammable limits of MC-U20, MC-10/30-0.8, and MC-20/30-0.5 were compared, at an inlet velocity of 0.5 m/s, the corresponding lean flammable limits are 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3, respectively, among them MC-20/30-0.5 has a wider flammable limit range, showing excellent combustion stability. This research has guiding significance for the combustion stability of the micro combustor.
Impact Factors Analysis of Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Performance Based on Model and Test
Authors: Shi Xiuyong , Jiang Degang , Wang Qiwei , Liang Yunfang
Published: September 2021

In the application of DPFs (diesel particulate filters), temperature prediction and control technology during the regeneration phase has always been a great challenge, which directly affects the safety and performance of diesel vehicles. In this study, based on theoretical analysis and sample gas bench test results, a one-dimensional simulation model is built with GT-POWER software. The effects of soot loading quantity and oxygen concentration on regeneration temperature performance are studied. Simulation results show that, when the soot loading quantity exceeds 46 g (12.7 g/L), the maximum temperature inside DPF during the regeneration phase would be higher than 800 °C, and the risk of burning crack would be high. When the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is low (lower than 7%), the fuel injected into exhaust gas fails to give off enough heat, and the exhaust gas temperature fails to reach the target regeneration temperature, hydrocarbon emission could be found from the DPF outlet position; when the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas reaches 7% or above, the DPF inlet temperature could reach the target temperature, accompanied by less hydrocarbon emission. Combined with the simulation results, engine test bench validation was carried out. The results show that the simulation results and test results agree well.
Ethnoreligious Conflict and Populism: Emotive Political Response in the Rohingya Conflict
Authors: Laoutides Costas
Published: September 2021

The rise of populism in the twenty-first century has been marked by the use of religion and national identity as emotive mobilizing forces to increase in-group solidarity and demarcate the notional boundaries of communities. The process often leads to the exclusion of vulnerable ethnoreligious minorities and to increased violence against them. This article analyses the role of fear as a principal emotion in the context of ethnoreligious conflict with reference to the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar. The article is divided in three parts. Part one explores notions of collective fear with reference to religious and ethnic conflict. Part two illustrates how collective existential fear has fuelled populist religious infused responses to the Rohignya conflict leading to the latest mass exodus of 2017. The final part considers whether fear can be an instrument of construction rather than destruction, to help build bridges than destroy, to connect people than isolate them.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Latihan Memanah Menggunakan Algoritma Decision Tree
Authors: Hidayattullah Muhammad Fikri , Abidin Taufik , Nururrizqi Ismi Nururrizqi , Khoeriyah Ianatul
Published: September 2021

Olahraga memanah menjadi salah satu olahraga favorit masyarakat Indonesia. Dari sinilah kemudian muncul berbagai tempat untuk latihan memanah. Hanya saja seringkali aktivitas berlatih memanah tersebut dibatalkan karena faktor cuaca, kondisi angin dan temperatur di tempat latihan. Padahal para siswa yang akan berlatih memanah sudah membawa perlengkapan yang cukup banyak dari rumah dan kadang jarak rumah menuju tempat latihan relatif jauh. Berdasarkan keadaan ini, maka melalui penelitian ini akan dikembangkan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat memprediksi pelaksanaan latihan memanah sesuai dengan kriteria cuaca, kondisi angin dan temperatur. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini menerapkan algoritma decision tree dan diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah website.
CBCL/6-18 e TRF/6-18: contribuições para o processo psicodiagnóstico
Authors: Garcia Henz Kaena , José de Mendonça Filho Euclides , Mello de Almeida Schneider Andréia , Ruschel Bandeira Denise , Balem Yates Denise
Published: September 2021

Alguns dos instrumentos mais utilizados em psicodiagnóstico de crianças/adolescentes são os questionários ASEBA. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram: verificar quais escalas discriminariam melhor três grupos (controle, diagnóstico neurodesenvolvimental e diagnóstico neurodesenvolvimental-emocional) e avaliar a predição diagnóstica das escalas a partir da análise discriminante. Participaram 58 crianças/adolescentes, com CBCL e TRF respondidos. As escalas que discriminaram controle e neurodesenvolvimental foram Escola e Retraimento/Depressão (CBCL) e as que discriminaram neurodesenvolvimental e neurodesenvolvimental-emocional foram Problemas Sociais (CBCL) e Tempo Cognitivo Lento (TRF). Os resultados apontaram bons valores de predição dos grupos a partir das escalas mencionadas, indicando ser uma ferramenta importante na formulação de hipóteses no psicodiagnóstico.
Pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease progression over 4 years in the context of the Public Health System in Brazil: is ethnicity a factor?
Authors: Dalamura Luciana dos Santos Tirapani , Suassuna Lucas Fernandes , Pereira João Eduardo Cascelli Schelb Scalla , Huaira Rosália Maria Nunes Henriques , Fernandes Neimar da Silva , Carmo Priscylla Aparecida Vieira , Maria da Silva Fernandes Natalia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increased, and populations with high social vulnerability tend to have worse CKD progression. Objective: To evaluate the impact of ethnicity on the control of pre-dialytic CKD in a Brazilian Unified Health System interdisciplinary outpatient clinic. Material and Methods: Data of 1,992 CKD patients were retrospectively collected from August/2010 to December/2014. Patients referred by primary health care, >18 years, ≥ two consultations were included. Sociodemographic data were collected upon admission; clinical and laboratory data were obtained at each consultation. Patients were divided into groups according to skin colour (self-identified). A descriptive analysis was performed; variables were compared using ANOVA, chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests. Variables associated with the delta of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated using linear regression, adjusting for confounding variables. Results: 25.1% were black, 34.4% brown, and 40.5% white. Approximately 51.2% had income ≤ two minimum wages, 84.8% had low level education, 14.0% were illiterate. Black patients were younger and had lower education level; they had higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, intact parathyroid hormone; their haemoglobin and vitamin D were lower. The median annual eGFR loss was 0 (P25 −6.70, P75 +8.76), 36.5% had rapid eGFR loss (>5 ml/min/year). Only use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and low proteinuria were determined as significant for the outcome (RR: 0.92, CI: 0.010–0.684, p=0.02; RR: 0.8, CI: 0.998-0.999, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ethnicity did not impact CKD progression, even though black patients presented clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with worse disease progression.
Configurando espaços, produzindo sensações: arquiteturas, materialidades e formas devocionais em dois templos cristãos
Authors: Giumbelli Emerson , Aguiar Taylor Pedroso de
Published: September 2021

Este texto apresenta uma discussão sobre como arquiteturas e materialidades participam da produção de formas devocionais em dois templos cristãos. Reunindo os resultados de duas pesquisas etnográficas, partimos de uma abordagem material da religião para entender como disposições religiosas são construídas nesses lugares de culto. Ao tratar do Santuário Santa Paulina, em Nova Trento (SC), e da Igreja Batista Brasa, em Porto Alegre (RS), enfatizamos as configurações espaciais e os regimes sensoriais que são possibilitados a partir de mediações materiais nos dois templos, mobilizando sentidos específicos de devoção. À medida que evidenciamos este processo, procuramos lançar uma contribuição para os estudos sobre templos, arquiteturas e materialidades religiosas no Brasil.
TRAJETÓRIAS DE PESQUISA, TRAJETÓRIAS DE VIDA: EXPERIÊNCIA E CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UM PESQUISADOR
Authors: Polato de Castro Roney
Published: September 2021

O artigo se propõe a discutir elementos que constituiriam o que nomeamos como pesquisa-experiência, inspirado nas teorizações sobre experiência de Jorge Larrosa e Michel Foucault. Busca apresentar tal perspectiva intimamente vinculada a processos de pesquisa vividos pelo autor em suas trajetórias pela pós-graduação. Retomando argumentações construídas em uma tese de doutorado em Educação, com foco na formação docente enquanto formação-experiência e formação ética-estética-política, o artigo investe no atravessamento entre trajetória de vida e de pesquisa, tendo em vista a potencialidade dessa experiência na constituição de um sujeito pesquisador.

 

Palavras-chave: experiência; pesquisa-experiência; Michel Foucault; pesquisa em educação; (des)subjetivação.
Wilson Witzel e a guerra contra a pobreza e a favela: uma gestão religiosa-neoliberal que desloca o conceito de Estado Moderno e o uso da violência de Weber
Authors: Alves Gonçalves da Silva Priscila
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar um possível deslocamento da noção weberiana de Estado Moderno, quanto ao uso e a função da violência, tomando como objeto a gestão de Wilson Witzel, ex-governador do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da análise de seu discurso de posse, discorremos como ele se apropria de uma linguagem profundamente religiosa e utópica para ascender ao cargo, sem apresentar um plano político técnico-burocrático, especialmente no que tange a segurança pública. O uso da linguagem religiosa e da imagem de servo de Deus à serviço dos “cidadãos de bem”, operacionalizada de forma violenta e a partir de fundamentos neoliberais, acionados como justificativas das políticas implementadas, operaram como deslocamentos daquilo que conhecemos como Estado Moderno e o uso e função da violência, vitimando principalmente os pobres, no território favelizado. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento deste conteúdo foi pesquisa bibliográfica.
Exploring Relationship Between Controllable Metrics and Socio-Environmental Performance Indicators in Responsible Tourism Context Using Temporal Causal Model
Authors: BAKSI ARUP KUMAR , PARIDA BIVRAJ BHUSAN
Published: September 2021

This study explores relationship between the controllable issues in responsible tourism and the key socio-environmental performance indicators, using the Temporal Causal Modeling (TCM) approach. TCM uses an autoregressive approach to build a causal model for a specified set of target series from a set of candidate inputs. Unlike the conventional time series, modeling TCM does not use an explicit predictor. TCM is likely to identify the controllable inputs that have maximum impact on key performance indicators. The study used 5-year time series data (2014-2018) on socio-environmental performance indicators in Indian tourism context and normalized controllable metrics related to responsible tourism. The analysis identified restoration programmes, recycling & reusing products, biological conservation, ecological carrying capacity and ethno-cultural advocacy as controllable metrics of responsible tourism and found to share significant relationship with 10 socio-environmental key performance indicators. The analysis identified restoration programmes, recycling & reusing products, biological conservation, ecological carrying capacity and ethno-cultural advocacy as controllable metrics of responsible tourism and found to share significant relationship with 10 socio-environmental key performance indicators.

Key words: Responsibility; Sustainability; Causal; Indicators; Controllable; Tourism.
Country of Origin, Covid-19 Vaccine and the Future of Travel: a Preliminary Study in Iran
Authors: Mirzaee Sara , Jalalinejad Reyhaneh , George Babu
Published: September 2021

Country-of-origin is one of the most crucial aspects of a brand's success. Country-of-origin has a significant impact on how brands are perceived, especially in terms of the promise of quality they deliver. While different countries have announced vaccines, there has been a global hesitation to buy into those claims. Successful adoption of a successful vaccine is critical to re-launching global travel and the leisure economy. In this article, we discuss the importance of country of origin in products getting the trust needed for them to succeed – particularly a vaccine for Covid-19. A preliminary survey was conducted among 662 Iranian social media users, directly on LinkedIn and also via a Google survey instrument. Germany merged to be the iconic symbol of quality and transparency and respondents felt confident that they would not hesitate to be subjected to a German made vaccine. Germany is globally perceived as a quality leader in high technologies and medicine and Iranians concurred with this belief.

 Keywords: Country of origin; Branding; Vaccine; Covid-19; Tourism; Iran.
Teko Haxy: autoetnografia e o documentário dispositivo na terra imperfeita
Authors: Reyna Carlos Pérez , Friggi Mariana Stolf
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os aspectos estilísticos e subjetivos dos conceitos de autoetnografia e documentário dispositivo em primeira pessoa, construídos pelo encontro entre Patrícia Ferreiro Pará Yxapy e Sophia Ferreira Pinheiro, cujo resultado é o documentário experimental Teko Haxy-Ser Imperfeita (2016). O filme é particularmente instigante para saber, como essas vozes estão construídas, do que falam essas vozes e, certamente, quais são as questões estéticas e subjetivas advindas desse documentário que deriva do ato de filmar a outra e a si mesmas. Para elaborar essa análise fílmica, utilizamos os princípios metodológicos da antropologia do cinema, notadamente, o conceito de etnografia fílmica e, os princípios metodológicos de mise en scène e auto-mise en scène oriundas da antropologia fílmica.
Host Community’s Perception Towards Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism: an anthropological study of host destinations of Kashmir
Authors: Mir Mudasir Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The study endeavors to know the host community’s perception regarding the socio-cultural impacts of tourism in the tourist destination of Gulmarg. The present study adopted a quantitative approach and distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study. The investigation is based on the findings of a survey of 147 residents of tourist destination. For descriptive statistics and factor analysis technique SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software was used. The unidimensionality (Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA) of the identified factors was tested through AMOS. The findings of the study revealed that host community perceive positive socio-cultural impacts of tourism i.e. the host residents perceive that the tourism development is creating employment opportunities, improving local peoples’ incomes, and stimulating the local economy. Residents in tourist destination also agreed that tourism has improved security in their local communities and has preserved and conserved the local culture and traditions of the area. Furthermore, the findings of the survey revealed that host communities do not perceive any socio-cultural negative impact of the tourism development in the area. Therefore, the investigation will assist tourism planners and local government in the planning and implementation of tourism development strategies for the area aiming at consolidating local residents’ support for tourism.
Key words:  Socio-cultural impacts; Host community; Tourism.
Efeitos do treinamento resistido para falha muscular sobre a fadiga aguda: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
Authors:   , Silva João Guilherme Vieira da
Published: September 2021

A concepção adequada das variáveis do treinamento resistido é um fator chave para atingir o potencial máximo das adaptações neuromusculares. Entre essas variáveis, a opção de realizar treinamento resistidopara falha (TRF) pode levar a diferentes magnitudes da fadiga aguda comparado ao treinamento resistidonão realizado para falha (TRNF).A resposta da fadiga pode interferir nas adaptaçõesagudas, por sua vez regulando as adaptações a crônicas. Considerando que o grau de fadiga afeta as adaptações, é importante determinar como a fadiga é afetada pelo TRF.O objetivo desta revisão sistemática e meta-análise foi comparar o TRFcom o TRNF sobre a fadiga agudaem homens adultos. A busca nas bases de dadosfoi conduzida em janeiro de 2021,em sete bases de dados. Foram selecionados somente estudos com delineamento cruzado que investigaram as propriedades biomecânicas (altura do salto vertical, velocidade de movimento, potência de saída e força isométrica), resposta metabólica (lactatoe amônia),dano muscular (creatina quinase)e a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE).Os dados (média ± desvio padrão) foram extraídos dosestudos incluídos e convertidos em diferença média padronizada (SMD),ou mantidos emdiferença média bruta (RMD) quando os estudos reportavamos resultados na mesma escala. Vinte estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática e 13na meta-análise. As principais meta-análises indicaram uma maior diminuição das propriedades biomecânicas para o TRFem comparação com TRNF(SMD = -0,96 [95% IC-1,43; -0,49]; p< 0,001).Além disso, houve um maior aumento na resposta metabólica (RMD = 5,54 mmol·L-1[95% IC4,16; 6,92]; p< 0,001), dano muscular (SMD = 0,75 [95% IC0,35; 1,14]; p< 0,001) e percepção subjetiva do esforço(PSE; SMD = 2,47 [95% IC1,25; 3,68]; p< 0,001) para o TRF em comparação com TRNF. Análises exploratórias de subgrupos mostraram que o statusde treinamento(p= 0,92), tempo da análise(p= 0,89)e carga (p= 0,08) não afetaramas propriedades biomecânicas. No entanto, ocorreu maior perda no teste de velocidade de movimento dosmembros superiores em comparação com os membros inferiores (p< 0,001). A concentração de amônia sanguíneafoi maior noTRF do que no TRNF (RMD = 42,17 μmol·L-1[95% IC34,67; 49,67]; p< 0,001) e somente48h após a sessão de treinamento resistidoos níveis decreatina quinase sanguínea forammaioresapós TRF do quenoTRNF (SMD = 0,86 [95% IC0,40; 1,31]; p< 0,001). Portanto, conclui-se que o TRF leva a uma maior fadiga aguda em comparação com o TRNF. Esta fadigaapós o TRFpode também ter um impacto 9importante nos processos adaptativos a longo prazo. Além disso, umamaior fadiga pode prolongar o tempo necessário para a recuperação do que deve ser considerado quando o TRFé utilizado.O protocolooriginalda revisão sistemáticafoiprospectivamenteregistrado(CRD42020192336) noInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Review(PROSPERO).