bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calidad de los Carbohidratos en la dieta de la población urbana costarricense
Authors: Segura-Buján Marco Vinicio , Chinnock Anne , Salas Hidalgo Elvira , Gómez Georgina
Published: February 2024

Introducción. La calidad de los carbohidratos consumidos juega un papel importante en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). Objetivo. Analizar el índice de calidad de los carbohidratos (ICC) en la población urbana costarricense y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas y la calidad y la diversidad de la dieta. Materiales y métodos. Los datos provienen del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, en una muestra representativa de 798 personas entre 15 y 65 años que residen en zonas urbanas de Costa Rica (2014- 2015). En una visita domiciliaria se administró un cuestionario para recolectar los datos sociodemográficos y se pesó y midió a los participantes. El consumo dietético se obtuvo mediante dos recordatorios de 24 horas en días no consecutivos. El ICC se calculó mediante el consumo de fibra, el índice glicémico, la relación carbohidratos sólidos/líquidos y la relación granos enteros/granos totales. Se comparó el ICC según el sexo, el grupo de edad, el nivel socioeconómico, el estado nutricional, la circunferencia de cintura y la calidad y diversidad de la dieta de los participantes. Resultados. El ICC se asoció positivamente con un mayor consumo de energía, carbohidratos totales, proteínas, grasas, colesterol, frutas, vegetales y leguminosas (p<0,001). Un mayor ICC se asoció positivamente con un mayor porcentaje de adecuación de micronutrientes y mayor índice de diversidad y calidad de la dieta (p<0,001), así como con un menor índice de masa corporal y una menor circunferencia de cintura al ajustar por sexo y edad (p<0,005). Conclusiones. El presente estudio demostró que un mayor ICC se asocia significativamente con mejores indicadores dietéticos e índice de masa corporal, por lo que resulta fundamental establecer en Costa Rica pautas dietéticas que permitan aumentar la calidad de los carbohidratos de la dieta con el fin de contribuir en la prevención de las ECNT
Estado nutricio de niños del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Ortega-Velez María Isabel , Bon-Padilla Karla Alejandra , Contreras-Paniagua Alma Delia , Portillo-Abril Gloria Elena , González-Valencia Daniela Guadalupe
Published: February 2024

Introducción. Mundialmente se observaron consecuencias negativas en la salud por el aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19; el sobrepeso y la obesidad mostraron tendencias crecientes. Objetivo. Analizar los cambios en el sobrepeso, obesidad y alimentación de escolares del noroeste de México antes y después del aislamiento por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron y analizaron el peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura de escolares del noroeste de México pre y post pandemia por COVID 19 (n=479 y n=820). Además, se analizaron los cambios en la alimentación en una submuestra de 203 y 179 escolares pre y post pandemia, respectivamente. Resultados. La edad promedio de los escolares en 2019 fue 8,9 ±1,75 y en el 2022 de 9,1 ± 1,54 años. Se observó un aumento de 6,2 puntos porcentuales en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y diferencias en la distribución de las categorías del estado nutricio (p=0,049) entre los dos periodos. También, se observaron cambios en la adiposidad central con un aumento de 3 centímetros en la circunferencia de cintura (p=0,001; 62,6 y 65,6 cm). El índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) mostró una alimentación poco saludable durante los dos periodos. Conclusiones. El aumento en las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de obesidad central durante la emergencia epidemiológica, indicaron un deterioro del estado nutricio de los escolares, que coincide con los reportes en poblaciones a nivel mundial y en Latinoamérica; los resultados resultan preocupantes dada la problemática antes de la emergencia.
La pandemia de COVID-19 y el cumplimiento de las guías alimentarias en una comunidad universitaria de Chile
Authors: Crovetto Mirta , Coñuecar Silva Sofia , Sepúlveda María José , Concha Katherine
Published: February 2024

Introducción. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 y las restricciones sanitarias afectaron la disponibilidad, acceso y consumo de alimentos, impactando la alimentación y el estado nutricional. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la pandemia SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 sobre el cumplimiento de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos de Chile, en una comunidad universitaria, antes y durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con 427 participantes. Se aplicó una encuesta online con preguntas basadas en los mensajes de las GABA. La encuesta se validó por juicio de expertos y análisis psicométrico, evaluando la concordancia con el estadístico de Kappa (K=89,95) y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (=0,97). Se fijó como período antes de la pandemia al tiempo anterior a marzo del año 2020, y durante la pandemia, entre marzo del 2020 y octubre del 2021. Para medir los cambios antes y durante la pandemia se aplicó el test de simetría considerando un p <0,05 con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, mediante el software estadístico STATA versión 16. Resultados. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos antes y durante la pandemia en los mensajes relacionados con el estado nutricional (p=0,000), consumo semanal de: productos de pastelería (p=0,0040), cecinas y embutidos (p=0,0034), frituras (p=0,0070), legumbres (p=0,0000), aguas (p=0,0000) y lectura e información nutricional de los productos (p=0,0000). Conclusiones. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 generó cambios en la alimentación y estado nutricional respecto a los mensajes de las guías. Se precisan políticas alimentarias y estrategias educativas en alimentación y en nutrición para emergencias sanitarias.
Encuesta a profesionales sobre la nueva base de datos de composición de alimentos de Uruguay
Authors: Moreira Ingrid , Ferreira Melani , Machin Valentina , Caetano Milena , Leal Beatriz , Herrera Guadalupe , Raggio Laura
Published: February 2024

Introducción. El Capítulo Nacional URUGUAYFOODS, perteneciente a la Red Latinoamericana de Composición de Alimentos (LATINFOODS, INFOODS, FAO), realizó recientemente una investigación para identificar cuáles tablas/bases de datos de composición de alimentos (TCA/ BDCA) utilizan los profesionales nacionales, así como la percepción de sus limitaciones, con el fin de ser tenidos en cuenta en la creación de la nueva BDCA nacional. Objetivo. Caracterizar el uso de las TCA/BDCA de composición de alimentos y describir las características y limitaciones de las mismas, mediante el análisis de la encuesta realizada a profesionales del área de salud, nutrición y alimentos de Uruguay en el año 2022. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta de participación voluntaria. La muestra estuvo conformada por 94 profesionales nacionales. Se analizó la variable uso y frecuencia de uso de dichas herramientas respecto a la edad y población específica con la que trabaja el profesional encuestado. Resultados. La preferencia de uso fue la base de datos USDA y CENEXA, antes que la TCAU, resultando en una debilidad importante en todas las áreas en donde se utilicen estos datos, pues no refleja los hábitos ni costumbres de la población. Conclusiones. Los potenciales usuarios de la nueva BDCA nacional pretenden que sea de acceso fácil y gratuito, en idioma español, en formato digital, con información actualizada y con posibilidad de elección de datos en porción o cada 100 gramos.
Implementación de Estrategias Didácticas para la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales (Santivañez, 2017) en el Grado 5° de la Institución Educativa Mercedes Romero de Quintero- El Totumo, La Guajira – Colombia
Authors: Bermudez Argote Fabrina Keyta
Published: February 2024

En el contexto educativo las estrategias didácticas son un conjunto de técnicas, actividades y recursos, que desarrollan las habilidades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la incidencia de la implementación de estrategias didácticas, propuestas por Santivañez (2017), en las prácticas de enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en el grado 5° de la IE Mercedes Romero de Quintero corregimiento del Totumo, municipio de San Juan del Cesar la Guajira – Colombia. Con el fin de establecer un aprendizaje relevante en los estudiantes, favoreciendo sus procesos y convirtiéndose en un instrumento pedagógico de apoyo en las prácticas educativas, en el marco de la enseñanza para el desarrollo de competencias prácticas, actitudinales, y cognitivas que les permita poner en evidencia su capacidad de dar respuesta positiva a los procesos. Metodológicamente se orientó bajo el enfoque cualitativo con un diseño de investigación que corresponde a la Investigación Acción Participativa, empleando como técnicas de recolección de la información la entrevista, encuestas, la rúbrica de observación directa y diarios de campo. Para la muestra representativa, se tomaron 15 participantes, los cuales dan respuesta a categorías como:  aspectos metodológicos didácticos y pedagógicos, espíritu científico, y la percepción de los estudiantes frente a la propuesta pedagógica. Se espera que el estudio contribuya a implementar estrategias didácticas para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en los estudiantes de grado quinto, evaluando la efectividad de la teoría mencionada en mejora de un aprendizaje significativo.
Analisis Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Penetapan Harga Keseimbangan Pasar Berdasarkan Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Machrus Ali , Asma Khusnul , Munawaroh Nur Laila Imas , Yunita Ita
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze Islamic business ethics in determining market equilibrium prices based on Ibn Khaldun's thoughts. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through documentation techniques, observation and interviews with informants. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that at different levels, traders with small capital tend to have poor moral values such as cheating, playing with the scales, and playing with prices. Buyers tend to suffer losses and experience fraud in buying and selling. Meanwhile, the current market price determination is not based on the theory of demand and supply, but the price is high because the price is taken from the agent where the trader takes the merchandise, the seller only adjusts the price and on the other hand the high demand is caused by the behavior of certain individuals or middlemen who cheat by hoarding goods with the aim of taking advantage of the scarcity of supply by raising the price of goods above the normal price when many goods are needed.
Upaya Qismu Ri’ayah dalam Pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling Bagi Santri Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Syafiq Mohamad , Mohammad Salavi
Published: February 2024

Guidance and counseling is an activity of providing assistance to other people to help them solve a problem they have. Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School is an Islamic educational institution that has thousands of students, To carry out supervision on each individual student is not an easy thing, then a section (qism) was formed called the supervisory section (qismu ri'ayah) which aims to carry out supervision through a "ro'i" (management) who is responsible for several "roiyyah" (students) in helping to solve problems and directing them. to become a better individual. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of Islamic guidance and counseling at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic boarding school which is carried out by Qismu Ri'ayah. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of research, namely case study. The results of the research concluded that the implementation of guidance and counseling for students at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic boarding school was carried out through ri'ayah activities by Ro'I (management) to Roiyyah (students) with responsive services on the personal, social, learning and career aspects of the students
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Siswa Terhadap Layanan Konseling Individu
Authors: Nurhayati Afifah , Hadi Dzinnun
Published: February 2024

This research aims to determine the level of student satisfaction with individual counseling services for classes X and XI at SMA Negeri 1 Tulungagung. The type of research used is quantitative research with a descriptive type. This research was carried out by analyzing data on the average percentage of student satisfaction. With a population of 118 and the research sample used total sampling or the entire population was used as a sample. The method for collecting data in this research uses a questionnaire. The results of the descriptive percentage analysis showed that the average satisfaction of class With a percentage of each aspect, namely the physical evidence aspect with a percentage of 21.89%, the reliability aspect with a percentage of 21.03%, the timeliness aspect with a percentage of 13.28%, the guarantee aspect with a percentage of 13.45%, and the empathy aspect with a percentage of 17. .84%. The conclusion from this research is that the percentage of average student satisfaction is 7.14%, where the categorization is very dissatisfied.
Peran Guru Bimbingan Konseling dalam Pelaksanaan Bimbingan dan Konseling serta Mengatasi Kenakalan Siswa
Authors: Lutfiana Anti , Mustofa Riski Ali
Published: February 2024

Guidance and counseling services in schools are an effort to help students in learning activities, as well as career planning and development. Guidance and counseling services facilitate the development of individual, group, and classical learners. This service also helps overcome weaknesses and obstacles and problems faced by students. This research was conducted at SMP IT Insan Mulia Kotagajah. This study aims to determine the role of BK teachers in implementing counseling guidance programs and overcoming student delinquency at SMP IT Insan Mulia Kotagajah. The type of research used is qualitative with descriptive methods, the data collection techniques we use are observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the implementation of the guidance and counseling program at SMP IT Insan Mulia Kotagajah had run well. This happened because of the cooperation between BK teachers, school principals, teachers of other subjects and parents. The role of BK teachers in overcoming problem students is that students are given advice, guidance, assistance, and directing, as well as giving warnings. While the efforts that have been made are incidental efforts.
Pengembangan Media Kartu “ADA BAKAD” dalam Meningkatkan Adaptasi Budaya Akademik pada Mahasiswa Baru
Authors: Nuha Moch. Syihabudin , Cholil
Published: February 2024

This research is a model for the development of card media in improving academic culture adaptation in new students for the 2022/2023 academic year. This study aims to make new students understand the culture of campus culture and be able to adapt to their new environment, namely in the college environment. This research and development approach was conducted in eight main stages, namely: (1) Analyzing potential problems found in the field. (2) Collect information that supports the process and problem-solving using questionnaires, observations and interviews. (3) Preliminary design of the product, in this case it is ADA BAKAD card media with quartet card type. (4) Validation of product design by an expert test team, namely lecturers of the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Study Program UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya with an average final calculation of 58 and 64 The value is included in the low and medium categories (5) Design improvements that have been given by the expert test team so that the product is of high quality and understood. (6) Product trials on field subjects and increased by 84 and 78. The result from the provision of interventions and pretest and posttest questionnaires, there was a change in the final value that increased by using ADA BAKAD
Comparative Study of the Sorogan Method and Deliberation Method to Improve Kitab Kuning Reading Ability
Authors: Miftahuddin  , Nuruddin Muhammad
Published: February 2024

This study was to determine how the comparison between the sorogan method and the method of deliberation on the ability to read the book on the students of Madrasah Ihya " Ulumiddin. This study the authors used quantitative methods. This study has three formulations of the problem, how the results of the Sorogan method in improving the ability to read The Kitab Kuning in Madrasah Ihya " Ulumiddin? How are the results and deliberations in improving the ability to read The Kitab Kuning in Madrasah Ihya " Ulumiddin? How the results of the comparison of Sorogan and Musyawaroh methods in improving the ability to read The Kitab Kuning in Madrasah Ihya " Ulumiddin PP Darussalam Lirboyo Kediri. The results, the ratio between the variables of sorogan and deliberation method to the variable ability to read the book (Y) is 0.764 or if it is projected to be 76.4%, and R calculate the variable sorogan method there is a comparison with the variable ability to read the book (Y) is 0.667 or if it is projected to be 66.7%. It can be concluded sorogan method is more effective on the ability to read the book.
ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN ISLAM DALAM MEWUJUDKAN CHECK AND BALANCES TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH
Authors: Pratama Rihan
Published: February 2024

The task of the opposition in government is to provide oversight of government policies and behavior. The opposition party, which in a democracy functions as a control over the incumbent (Check and Balances), has shifted in favor of power. As a result, NGOs, labor unions, and community organizations are practically without a solid opposition. This research is a type of library research, with primary law in the form of the Law on Community Organizations used as a source for study, and also secondary sources in the form of books, journals, and so on. Community Organizations (Ormas) are basically concerned with maintaining the unity, integrity, and interests of the nation. CSOs are established with the aim of protecting, maintaining, and strengthening the unity of the Nation. This is in line with Law 17/2013, which mandates that mass organizations become a bridge for the voice of the people. Although this has been done, it is still ineffective, because the government has turned a deaf ear to it.
Facial palsy in a newborn: A case report
Authors: Jancevska Snezana , Ristovska Sanja , Isjanovski Igor , Zdraveska Nikolina
Published: February 2024

Unilateral congenital facial palsy in the newborn occurs more often as isolated than in the context of syndromes or developmental defects. Recognition of the etiological factor, the severity of the clinical presentation, the dynamics of recovery are a guide for a multidisciplinary approach, a range of investigations and treatment. In a non-therapeutic approach, unsupported by sufficiently reliable data from the literature, there is a dilemma whether and how long one has to wait and observe the improvement of clinical results, before determining the range of examinations in the newborn. In facial paresis of prenatal or perinatal origin, identical to non-congenital Bell's palsy, infectious and anatomical-structural causes should initially be excluded. This paper presents a case of a symmetrical hypotrophic premature infant with a manifestation of acute Bell's palsy at birth, with negative biomarkers for infectious etiology and a normal brain ultrasound. The newborn underwent a special neonatal care with targeted local treatment. Towards the end of the first postnatal week, there was an evident withdrawal of clinical symptomatology.
Review of policies and actions on tackling global climate change - COP26 - is this the last chance?
Authors: Kocubovski Mihail , Ristovska Gordana , Petrova Aleksandra , Bukovetz Jansun , Disho Kristi , Hadzi Tosev Tomislav , Petreski Aleksandar
Published: February 2024

The world is facing the visible and potential consequences of climate change. No place on the Earth is immune to these changes. Current policy applied worldwide anticipates global warming of about 2.7oC compared to pre-industrial level by the end of the century. By implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), warming will be kept to 2.4oC. If long-term commitment targets or net-zero targets are included, then warming would be kept to about 2.1oC above the pre-industrial levels. The warming projections dropped by 0.3oC after the made pledges and established targets by the USA and Peoples’ Republic of China. According to the “optimistic” scenario, if the 140 analysed countries reach the zero emission targets, then the average warming will be 1.8oC, or below 2oC. There is a significant gap between the pledges made by the governments and the total level of actions they have undertaken so far.With the new economic challenges, it is clear that we are at a crossroads. The impact of COVID-19 crisis will be crucial for the future of the climate policy. Climate changes will not wait. Their threat is over our heads and each and every day we face them. Every individual has a role to play in dealing with global climate change and we all can contribute to this threat if we all work together in a synchronous way. A greater political involvement is needed along with collective actions taken by all social actors. Over the last two years, the World Health Organization has advocated for greater inclusion of health authorities and services in Nationally determined contributions through activities to reduce the implications on health by climate change.
Assessing the Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Arsovski Denis , Rajchanovska Domnika , Ristevska-Dimitrovska Gordana , Prodanovska-Stojchevska Viktorija
Published: February 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked with a wide range of physical, psychological, and societal challenges that significantly impact the quality of life (QoL) of those affected by the disease. This comprehensive study delved into the multifaceted aspects of MS, aiming to unravel the intricate relationships between disability, self-efficacy, acceptance of illness, and various dimensions of QoL. Material and methods: The study, encompassing 778 participants from diverse backgrounds, highlighted the nuanced experiences of individuals with MS, emphasizing the importance of understanding the unique challenges faced by different age groups and disease subtypes. The findings revealed profound connections between MS-related symptoms and psychological well-being, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions. Notably, self-efficacy and acceptance of illness emerged as pivotal factors influencing QoL, providing crucial insights for healthcare providers and policymakers.Furthermore, this study underscored the importance of a holistic approach to MS management, integrating biomedical and psychosocial perspectives. The study’s outcomes offer valuable direction for future research endeavors, advocating for longitudinal studies to capture the dynamic nature of QoL challenges, exploring patient perspectives through qualitative methods, and investigating the impact of socioeconomic factors on QoL outcomes. Additionally, the potential of telemedicine and digital interventions in providing continuous support and evidence-based counseling for individuals with chronic conditions is highlighted. By addressing these critical areas, future research endeavors can contribute to a more compassionate and empowering framework, enhancing the lives of those affected by MS and their families.
Central obesity: waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio in 13-year-old children
Authors: Raufi Arjeta , Krstevska-Konstantinova Marina , Kuzevska-Maneva Kostandina , Bojadzieva Sonja , Murtezani Avdi
Published: February 2024

Obesity in children is a growing worldwide health problem, with a tenfold increase over just four decades. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and to identify central obesity in children aged 13 years from southwestern part of North Macedonia. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 178 healthy children of both sexes (boys 98, girls 80) aged 13 years living in Tetovo, North Macedonia. Results: The prevalence of categorized BMI according to CDC in all 13-year old children (n=178) was 4.5% underweight, 20.2% overweight and 16.3% obese. Among boys, the total prevalence of underweight, overweight and obese was consistently 4.1% vs. 19.4 %vs. 15.3%, while girls had statistically insignificant higher prevalence of underweight, overweight and obese 5% vs. 21.2% vs. 17.5%. At a comparison of the central obesity parameters like WC,WHR, WHtR showed statistically significant differences between sexes (p<0.003, p<0.0001, p<0.011).In the entire sample, the prevalence of high risk for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was 34.3% and the prevalence of high risk for waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 31.5%. In boys, the prevalence of high risk for WHR was 51% and for WHtR was 35.7% while in girls for WHR was 13.8 % and for WHtR 26.2%. A significant association of male gender with high risk for WHR (X2=27.161; df=1; p=0.0001) was found while for WHtR (X2 =1.830; p=0.176) there was no statistically significant sssociation. It is important to underline that in boys the risk of central obesity was 6.53 times higher compared to girls of the same age [OR=6.53 (3.08–13.83) 95% CI. Conclusions: In our study girls had a higher BMI prevalence of general overweight and obesity vs. boys, and a significant association of male gender with high risk for WHR was detected. Additionally, healthcare professionals should always consider assessing the measurements and risk of central obesity in obese or overweight children, and seek for the unique risk factors associated with each type of obesity and tailor interventions accordingly.
Correlation of plasma D-dimers with stages of liver cirrhosis and its complications
Authors: Volkanovska Anche , Dejanova Violeta , Andreevski Vladimir , Trajkovska Meri , Labudovikj Danica
Published: February 2024

Aim of the study: To investigate plasma D-dimer levels in correlation with Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CTP) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) of different severity, as well as the correlation with LC-associated clinical, biochemical parameters and complications. Material and methods: Fifty patients with LC were divided in three groups according to LC severity using the CTP Score (CTP-A, CTP-B, CTP-C).  The levels of D-dimer were measured in sodium-citrate plasma on Siemens, BCS XP Blood Coagulometer. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare D-dimer levels between the groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the difference of D-dimer levels in groups with different MELD score, and to evaluate the difference in D-dimer levels in patients with presence or absence of ascites and the difference of D-dimer levels in patients with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between D-dimer levels with MELD score and the correlation between D-dimer levels and the concentration of LC-associated biochemical, clinical parameters and complications. Results: D-dimer levels increased with severity of the disease as assessed with CTP and MELD scores, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=.0000 and p=.0001, respectively). Group CTP-C demonstrated the highest D-dimer levels, followed by groups B and A. Patients with SBP had significantly higher levels of D-dimers than patients without SBP (p=.0006). A significant positive correlation between D-dimers and CTP and MELD score was detected (r= 0.74 and r=0.44, respectively; p<.001). A correlation between D-dimer levels and several biochemical parameters characterizing progressive liver dysfunction was observed. From all investigated biochemical parameters, the highest significant correlation was detected between D-dimer levels and the concentration of serum albumin (r= -0.65, p<.001). Conclusions: Plasma D-dimer levels are tightly correlated with the degree of liver dysfunction and LC-associated complications. Therefore, D-dimer levels could be utilized as a prognostic stratification marker and adjunctive diagnostic marker in LC-associated complications.
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in professional drivers
Authors: Atanasovska Aneta
Published: February 2024

Aim of the paper was to determine the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, overweight, smoking; and (ii) to analyze the link between the requirements of their job and the resources available to them. Materials and methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 210 professional drivers who underwent a medical examination at the Institute for Occupational Health of the Republic of North Macedonia. The examination was done in order to assess their ability to drive a motor vehicle; they were also given a questionnaire to fill in so as to compare the requirements of the job and the resources available to them for doing their job. Results: One third of the respondents had increased levels of triglycerides, glycemia and cholesterol in their blood (33.3%, 28.1%, and 21.4%, respectively); almost half (44.2%) of them were active smokers. One third of the respondents (31.9%) were obese, with BMI >30 (kg/m2). The resources available to the professional drivers for doing their job exceed the requirements of the job and this situation has a protective effect on the occurrence of risk factors for CVD. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risk factors for CVD among professional drivers can lead to development of CVD and increased incidence thereof, which can negatively impact on their ability for safe driving. Hence the need for interventions to prevent these risk factors, including the need to invest in the resources available to professional drivers for doing their job.
Effect of vaccination and number of doses on disease severity and mortality in Covid -19 positive hospitalized patients
Authors: Dimitrov Ivica , Sazdov Darko
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, started in December 2019 in the city Wuhan, province Hubei in the Republic of China. The disease quickly became pandemic and infected  48.539.872 people and had a mortality of 1.232.791 in 215 countries all over the world resulting in economic and healthcare collapse. On 11-th of March the World Health Organisation declared COVID 19 as pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 (severe form of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) as the cause of  COVID 19 is the member of the coronavirus family along with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1which cause severe respiratory infections that are highly contagious and have very high mortality. The pandemic character, the high morbidity and mortality and rehabilitation resulted in a massive vaccine production as an attempt to control the spread of the SARS CoV-2 virus and reduce the morbidity and mortality, especially in the most vulnerable population groups. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between vaccination status, number of doses and disease severity, length of hospital stay and mortality. Material and Methods: In this case-control study we included 230 male and female patients admitted in the Covid Centre in Acibadem Clinical Hospital in Skopje from March 2021 to February 2022. Patients were divided in two groups according to their vaccination status. Data about patients demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, number of doses received, type of oxygen and ventilation support, length of stay and patient outcome were collected. Results: A total of 230 COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients participated in the study. 50.4% of them were vaccinated, of which 86.2% received two doses, 11.2% received one and 2.6% received three doses of vaccines. A significant association was registered between lethal outcome and vaccination (PearsonChi-square: 5.32523, p=.0210),  association with number of doses of vaccination (PearsonChi-square: 7.66262, p=.043524), association with type of ventilation - NIV, HFO, IMV (PearsonChi-square: 177.399, df=3, p=0.000), associationwithcomorbidity (3.90770, p=.0480). Conclusion: Vaccination against Covid-19 and number of doses have a significant impact on disease severity, progression and outcome of the disease.
Final height in a boy with achondroplasia treated with growth hormone- case report
Authors: Krstevska-Konstantinova Marina , Kuzevska-Maneva Konstandina , Raufi Arjeta , Stamatova Ana
Published: February 2024

Achondroplasia is the most common genetic form of skeletal dysplasia in humans. It is characterized by short stature and skeletal disproportion. Patients with this condition have comorbidities, such as cardiovascular problems, spinal cord problems, hearing and dental problems as well as psychological issues. We report final height of 147 cm in a 17-year-old boy treated with growth hormone, however without improvement in body proportions. Surgical therapy for limb lengthening had been proposed, which the patient refused. At this age he developed hypertension and was referred to a cardiologist, nephrologist, as well as to an orthopedic surgeon and psychologist. Recently, a new treatment with vosoritide has been introduced, promising better height outcome, but uncertain phenotype improvement. Multidisciplinary approach is recommended for these patients and close monitoring during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Genetic counseling is also advised.
Effectiveness of an online parenting program for childhood anxiety in North Macedonia
Authors: Kunovski Ivo , Raleva Marija
Published: February 2024

Anxiety is considered a basic and adaptive emotion. However, anxiety problems are one of the most prevalent mental health problems, with multiple negative effects and a tendency to worsen with age. The high prevalence rates and their negative consequences accent the importance of developing timely and effective prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online parenting program in reducing anxiety symptoms in young children in the Republic of North Macedonia.  Materials and methods: A controlled randomized controlled study was conducted including parents of children aged 2-9 years old in North Macedonia. Eligible parents were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, using self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics and childhood anxiety (CBCL anxiety scale, CBCL-A; CBCL anxiety/depression scale, CBCL-AD). Parents were assigned to five group sessions of a parenting program, as the intervention group, or a structured group presentation, as a control group.  Results: A total of 288 parents were included in the study. The findings showed significant reductions in childhood anxiety symptoms reported by parents in both the parenting program and the active control condition. However, between-group comparisons showed no significant differences between the two conditions. Conclusions:The study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of an online group parenting program in reducing anxiety symptoms in young children in North Macedonia. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a significant change in child anxiety problems, using technology-assisted methods of intervention delivery in the country.
Nonlinear system controlled using novel adaptive fixed-time SMC
Authors: Ahmed Saim , Azar Ahmad Taher , Ibraheem Ibraheem Kasim
Published: February 2024

This work introduces a novel adaptive fixed-time control strategy for nonlinear systems subject to external disturbances. The focus pertains to the introduction of the fixed-time terminal sliding mode control (FxSMC) technique. The proposed scheme exhibits rapid convergence, chatter-free and smooth control inputs, and stability within a fixed time. The utilization of an adaptive methodology in combination with the FxSMC yields the proposed strategy. This approach is employed to address the dynamic system in the presence of external disturbances. The results obtained from the Lyapunov analysis will provide insights into the stability of the closed-loop system in a fixed time. In the end, the simulation results are presented in order to assess and demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.
Toward robust and privacy-enhanced facial recognition: A decentralized blockchain-based approach with GANs and deep learning
Authors: Ghani Muhammad Ahmad Nawaz Ul , She Kun , Rauf Muhammad Arslan , Khan Shumaila , Alajmi Masoud , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin , Alkahtani Hend Khalid
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the extensive use of facial recognition technology has raised concerns about data privacy and security for various applications, such as improving security and streamlining attendance systems and smartphone access. In this study, a blockchain-based decentralized facial recognition system (DFRS) that has been designed to overcome the complexities of technology. The DFRS takes a trailblazing approach, focusing on finding a critical balance between the benefits of facial recognition and the protection of individuals' private rights in an era of increasing monitoring. First, the facial traits are segmented into separate clusters which are maintained by the specialized node that maintains the data privacy and security. After that, the data obfuscation is done by using generative adversarial networks. To ensure the security and authenticity of the data, the facial data is encoded and stored in the blockchain. The proposed system achieves significant results on the CelebA dataset, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed model has demonstrated enhanced efficacy over existing methods, attaining 99.80% accuracy on the dataset. The study's results emphasize the system's efficacy, especially in biometrics and privacy-focused applications, demonstrating outstanding precision and efficiency during its implementation. This research provides a complete and novel solution for secure facial recognition and data security for privacy protection.
Study on Harmonizing Human-Robot (Drone) Collaboration
Authors: Puranik Tejaswini A. , Shaik Nazeer , Vankudoth Ramu , Kolhe Mohini R. , Yadav Neelam , Boopathi Sampath
Published: February 2024

This chapter delves into the intricate dynamics and possibilities of fostering cohesive interactions between humans and robots within collaborative environments. By examining the current landscape of human-robot collaboration, the focus shifts towards identifying pivotal factors that facilitate seamless integration and synergy between these entities. Exploring technological advancements and behavioral paradigms, this chapter underscores the significance of intuitive interfaces, adaptive communication models, and ergonomic design in augmenting cooperative interactions. Furthermore, it investigates the challenges posed by varying cognitive capacities and preferences, proposing strategies for harmonizing disparate elements to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in collaborative tasks. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this work not only elucidates the evolving landscape of human-robot engagements but also offers insights into the future trajectory of collaborative environments where these interactions are paramount.
Data Security and Privacy Concerns in Drone Operations
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Tan Chong Eng , Yun Khor Jia , Manchuri Amaranadha Reddy , Ashraf Humaira , Murugesan Raja Kumar , Tee Wee Jing , Hussain Manzoor
Published: February 2024

The widespread use of drones across various industries is leading to significant transformations. However, the resulting concerns about data security and privacy are quite significant. This section offers a thorough exploration of these important issues, providing insights into the challenges they pose and potential ways to address them. Starting with an overview of the increasing utility of drones, this chapter highlights the importance of strong protocols for data security and privacy. By examining the complexities of data collection and storage, it reveals the different types of data that drones gather, delves into storage techniques, and reveals vulnerabilities, setting the stage for effective countermeasures. At the core of this discussion are cybersecurity risks, which range from cyberattacks on drone systems to unauthorized access and tampering of data. To sum up, this chapter serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding, addressing, and mitigating concerns related to data security and privacy in drone operations.
The Importance of Interpretability in AI Systems and Its Implications for Deep Learning
Authors: Adnan Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Particularly inside the context of deep learning, the concept of interpretability in artificial intelligence systems is crucial for boosting the degree of trust and self-belief that human beings have in machine-learning fashions. Deep learning models have many parameters and complex architectures that make them function like mysterious “black boxes,” making it difficult for users to apprehend how they function. This opacity increases questions about those models' ethics, dependability, and viable biases. In the field of deep learning, achieving interpretability is crucial for several reasons. First off, interpretable models enhance transparency by making the model's judgments and forecasts simpler for customers to understand. This is particularly essential in complicated fields like banking and healthcare, wherein knowledge and self-assurance are vital. Moreover, interpretability facilitates the identification and correction of biases in the model or the training statistics, performing as a car for fairness and duty.
The Mediation Role of Technology Systems in the Relationship Between Education Technology Antecedents on Student Satisfaction
Authors: Darwish Haytham Youssef , Farouk Mahmoud , Abdelsalam Mohammed
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of education technology antecedents and perceptions of usefulness and ease of use of educational technology systems on attitudes towards computer-based teaching in Egyptian universities. The study is built upon on deductive quantitative approach where structured questionnaires were designed and distributed to the students in Egyptian universities. Results based on SEM analysis identify that the technology dimension partially affects the design dimension, as well there is a partially significant association between the technology dimension and attitude towards technology-based teaching. While the design dimension does not have a significant association with attitude towards technology-based teaching, attitude towards technology-based teaching does not have a significant relationship with student satisfaction. Furthermore, there is a partially significant association between course dimensions and student satisfaction.
Energetic solutions to rate-independent large-strain elasto-plastic evolutions driven by discrete dislocation flow
Authors: Rindler Filip
Published: February 2024

This work rigorously implements a recent model of large-strain elasto-plastic evolution in single crystals where the plastic flow is driven by the movement of discrete dislocation lines. The model is geometrically and elastically nonlinear, that is, the total deformation gradient splits multiplicatively into elastic and plastic parts, and the elastic energy density is polyconvex. There are two internal variables: The system of all dislocations is modeled via one-dimensional boundaryless integral currents, whereas the history of plastic flow is encoded in a plastic distortion matrix-field. As our main result, we construct an energetic solution in the case of a rate-independent flow rule. Besides the classical stability and energy balance conditions, our notion of solution also accounts for the movement of dislocations and the resulting plastic flow. Because of the path-dependence of plastic flow, a central role is played by so-called “slip trajectories”, that is, the surfaces traced out by moving dislocations, which we represent as integral 2-currents in space-time. The proof of our main existence result further crucially rests on careful a priori estimates via a nonlinear Gronwall-type lemma and a rescaling of time. In particular, we have to account for the fact that the plastic flow may cause the coercivity of the elastic energy functional to decay along the evolution, and hence the solution may blow up in finite time.
A cogroupoid associated to preregular forms
Authors: Huang Hongdi , Nguyen Van C. , Ure Charlotte , Vashaw Kent B. , Veerapen Padmini , Wang Xingting
Published: February 2024

We construct a family of cogroupoids associated to preregular forms and recover the Morita–Takeuchi equivalence for Artin–Schelter regular algebras of dimension two, observed by Raedschelders and Van den Bergh. Moreover, we study the 2-cocycle twists of pivotal analogues of these cogroupoids, by developing a categorical description of preregularity in any tensor category that has a pivotal structure.
Schatten class composition operators on the Hardy space of Dirichlet series and a comparison-type principle
Authors: Bayart Frédéric , Kouroupis Athanasios
Published: February 2024

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a composition operator with Dirichlet series symbol to belong to the Schatten classes

S_{p}

of the Hardy space

\mathcal{H}^{2}

of Dirichlet series. For

p\geq 2

, these conditions lead to a characterization for the subclass of symbols with bounded imaginary parts. Finally, we establish a comparison-type principle for composition operators. Applying our techniques in conjunction with classical geometric function theory methods, we prove the analogue of the polygonal compactness theorem for

\mathcal{H}^{2}

and we give examples of bounded composition operators with Dirichlet series symbols on

\mathcal{H}^{p}

,

p>0

.
Prognostic impact of preoperative nutritional and immune inflammatory parameters on liver cancer
Authors: Bae Sung Uk
Published: February 2024

The immune response to tissue damage or infection involves inflammation, a multifaceted biological process distinguished by immune cell activation, mediator secretion, and immune cell recruitment to the site of injury. Several blood-based immune-inflammatory biomarkers with prognostic significance in malignancies have been identified. In this issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery , they examined the prognosis of liver cancer radical resection in relation to preoperative systemic immune-inflammation and nutritional risk indices. Comparing older and younger individuals often reveals compromised nutritional and immunological statuses in the former. Therefore, performing preoperative evaluations of the nutritional status and immunity in geriatric patients is critical. In addition to being a primary treatment modality, radical resection is associated with a significant mortality rate following surgery. Insufficient dietary consumption and an elevated metabolic rate within tumor cells contribute to the increased probability of malnutrition associated with the ailment, consequently leading to a substantial deterioration in prognosis. Recent studies, reinforce the importance of nutritional and immune-inflammatory biomarkers. Prior to surgical intervention, geriatric nutritional risk and systemic immune-inflammatory indices should be prioritized, particularly in older patients with malignant diseases.