bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fat4-Dchs1 signal between stromal and cap mesenchyme cells influences nephrogenesis and ureteric bud branching
Authors: Mao Yaopan , Francis-West Philippa , Irvine Kenneth D.
Published: June 2015

Formation of the kidney requires reciprocal signaling among the ureteric tubules, cap mesenchyme and surrounding stromal mesenchyme to orchestrate complex morphogenetic events. The protocadherin Fat4 influences signaling from stromal to cap mesenchyme cells to influence their differentiation into nephrons. Here we characterize the role of a putative binding partner of Fat4, the protocadherin Dchs1. Mutation of Dchs1 leads to increased numbers of cap mesenchyme cells, which are abnormally arranged around the ureteric bud tips, and impairs nephron morphogenesis. Mutation of Dchs1 also reduces branching of the ureteric bud and impairs differentiation of ureteric bud tip cells into trunk cells. Genetically, Dchs1 is required specifically within cap mesenschyme cells. The similarity of Dchs1 phenotypes to stromal-less kidneys and to Fat4 mutants implicate Dchs1 in Fat4-dependent stroma-to-cap mesenchyme signaling. Antibody staining of genetic mosaics reveals that Dchs1 protein localization is polarized within cap mesenchyme cells, where it accumulates at the interface with stromal cells, implying that it interacts directly with a stromal protein. Our observations identify a role for Fat4-Dchs1 in signaling between cell layers, implicate Dchs1 as a Fat4 receptor for stromal signaling that is essential for kidney development, and establish that vertebrate Dchs1 can be molecularly polarized in vivo.
Bi-directional gap junction-mediated Soma-Germline communication is essential for spermatogenesis
Authors: Smendziuk Christopher M. , Messenberg Anat , Vogl Wayne , Tanentzapf Guy
Published: June 2015

Soma-germline interactions play conserved essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, patterning, and homeostasis in the gonad. In the Drosophila testis, secreted signalling molecules of the JAK-STAT, Hedgehog, BMP, and EGF pathways are used to mediate germline-soma communication. Here we demonstrate that gap junctions may also mediate direct, bi-directional signalling between the soma and germline. When gap junctions between the soma and germline are disrupted, germline differentiation is blocked and germline stem cells are not maintained. In the soma, gap junctions are required to regulate proliferation and differentiation. Localization and RNAi-mediated knockdown studies reveal that gap junctions in the fly testis are heterotypic channels containing Zpg/Inx4 and Inx2 on the germline and the soma side, respectively. Overall, our results show that bi-directional gap junction-mediated signalling is essential to coordinate the soma and germline to ensure proper spermatogenesis in Drosophila. Moreover, we show that stem cell maintenance and differentiation in the testis are directed by gap junction-derived cues.
Wnt signaling orients the proximal-distal axis of kidney nephrons
Authors: Schneider Jenny , Arraf Alaa A. , Grinstein Mor , Yelin Ronit , Schultheiss Thomas M.
Published: June 2015

The nephron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each mature nephron is patterned along a proximal-distal axis, with blood filtered at the proximal end and urine emerging from the distal end. In order to filter the blood and produce urine, specialized structures are formed at specific proximal-distal locations along the nephron, including the glomerulus at the proximal end, the tubule in the middle, and the collecting duct at the distal end. The developmental processes that specify these different nephron segments are very incompletely understood. Wnt ligands, which are expressed in the nephric duct and later in the nascent nephron itself, are well-characterized inducers of nephrons, being both required and sufficient for initiation of nephron formation from nephrogenic mesenchyme. Here we present evidence that Wnt signaling also patterns the proximal-distal nephron axis. Using the chick mesonephros as a model system, a Wnt ligand was ectopically expressed in the coelomic lining, thereby introducing a source of Wnt signaling that is at right angles to the endogenous Wnt signal of the nephric duct. Under these conditions, the nephron axis was re-oriented, such that the glomerulus was always located at a position farthest from the Wnt sources. This re-orientation occurred within hours of exposure to ectopic Wnt signaling, and was accompanied initially by a repression of the early glomerular podocyte markers Wt1 and Pod1, followed by their re-emergence at a position distant from the Wnt signals. In parallel, an increase in the number of tubules was observed, and some tubules were seen fusing with the Wnt-expressing coelomic epithelium instead of their normal target, the nephric duct. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in mesonephric explant cultures resulted in strong and specific repression of early and late glomerular markers. Together, these data indicate that Wnt signaling patterns the proximal-distal axis of the nephron, with glomeruli differentiating in regions of lowest Wnt signaling.
Constraint of gene expression by chromatin remodelling protein CHD4 facilitates lineage specification
Authors: O'Shaughnessy-Kirwan Aoife , Signolet Jason , Costello Ita , Gharbi Sarah , Hendrich Brian
Published: June 2015

Chromatin remodelling proteins are essential for different aspects of metazoan biology, yet functional details of why these proteins are important are lacking. While it is possible to describe the biochemistry of how they remodel chromatin, their chromatin binding profiles in cell lines, and gene expression changes upon loss of a given protein, in very few cases can this easily translate into an understanding of how the function of that protein actually influences a developmental process. Here we investigate how the chromatin remodelling protein CHD4 facilitates the first lineage decision in mammalian embryogenesis. Embryos lacking CHD4 can form a morphologically normal early blastocyst, but are unable to successfully complete the first lineage decision and make functional trophectoderm (TE). In the absence of a functional TE, CHD4 mutant blastocysts do not implant and are hence not viable. By measuring transcript levels in single cells from early embryos, we show that CHD4 influences the frequency at which unspecified cells in preimplantation stage embryos express lineage markers prior to the execution of this first lineage decision. In the absence of CHD4 this frequency is increased in 16-cell embryos, and by the blastocyst stage cells fail to properly adopt a TE gene expression programme. We propose that CHD4 allows cells to undertake lineage commitment in vivo by modulating the frequency with which lineage specification genes are expressed. This provides novel insight both into how lineage decisions are made in mammalian cells, and how a chromatin remodelling protein functions to facilitate lineage commitment.
Attractive and repulsive factors act through multi-subunit receptor complexes to regulate nerve fiber growth
Authors: Thiede-Stan Nina K. , Schwab Martin E.
Published: June 2015

In the nervous system, attractive and repulsive factors guide neuronal growth, pathfinding and target innervation during development, learning and regeneration after injury. Repulsive and growth-inhibitory factors, such as some ephrins, semaphorins, netrins and myelin-associated growth inhibitors, restrict nerve fiber growth, whereas neurotrophins, and other ephrins, semaphorins and netrins attract fibers and promote neurite growth. Several of these guidance molecules also play crucial roles in vasculogenesis, and regulate cell migration and tissue formation in different organs. Precise and highly specific signal transduction in space and time is required in all these cases, which primarily depends on the presence and function of specific receptors. Interestingly, many of these ligands act through multi-subunit receptor complexes. In this Commentary, we review the current knowledge of how complexes of the receptors for attractive and repulsive neurite growth regulatory factors are reorganized in a spatial and temporal manner, and reveal the implications that such dynamics have on the signaling events that coordinate neurite fiber growth.
Paxillin-dependent regulation ofIGF2/H19gene cluster expression
Authors: Pavel Marášek , Rastislav Dzijak , Irina Studenyak , Jinřiška Fišerová , Lívia Uličná , Petr Novák , Pavel Hozák
Published: June 2015

Paxillin (PXN) is a focal adhesion protein implicated in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. Recently, it has been shown to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. When inside the nucleus, paxillin promotes cell proliferation. Here, we introduce paxillin as a transcriptional regulator of IGF2 and H19 genes. It does not affect the allelic expression of the two genes; rather, it regulates long-range chromosomal interactions between IGF2 or H19 promoter and a shared distal enhacer on an active allele. Specifically, paxillin stimulates the interaction between the enhancer and the IGF2 promoter, thus activating IGF2 gene transcription, while it restrains the interaction between the enhancer and the H19 promoter, downregulating the H19 gene. We found that paxillin interacts with cohesin and Mediator which have been shown to mediate long-range chromosomal looping. We propose that these interactions occur at the IGF2/H19 gene cluster and are involved in the formation of loops between the IGF2/H19 promoters and the enhacer, and thus the expression of corresponding genes. These observations contribute to a mechanistic explanation of paxillin's role in proliferation and fetal development.
A STIM1-dependent ‘trafficking trap’ mechanism regulates Orai1 plasma membrane residence and Ca2+ influx levels
Authors: Hodeify Rawad , Selvaraj Senthil , Wen Jennifer , Arredouani Abdelilah , Hubrack Satanay , Dib Maya , Al-Thani Sara N. , McGraw Timothy , Machaca Khaled
Published: June 2015

The minimal machinery mediating store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) include an ER Ca2+ sensor -STIM1- and a plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-selective channel Orai1. Here we quantitatively dissect Orai1 trafficking dynamics and show that Orai1 recycles rapidly at the PM (Kex ≃ 0.1 min-1), with ∼40% of the total Orai1 pool localizing to the PM at steady state. A subset of intracellular Orai1 localizes to a sub-plasmalemal compartment. Store depletion is coupled to Orai1 PM enrichment in a STIM1-dependent fashion. This is due to trapping of Orai1 into cortical ER STIM1 clusters leading to its removal from the recycling pool and enrichment at the PM. Interestingly at high STIM1 expression Orai1 is trapped into STIM1 clusters intracellularly, thus preventing its PM enrichment following store depletion. Consistently, STIM1 knockdown prevents trapping of excess Orai1 into limiting STIM1 clusters in the cortical ER. SOCE-dependent Ca2+ influx shows a similar biphasic dependence on the Orai1:STIM1 ratio. Therefore, a STIM1-dependent Orai1 “trafficking trap” mechanism controls Orai1 PM enrichment and SOCE levels, thus modulating SOCE bandwidth for downstream signaling.
Desenvolvimento no Brasil: similitudes e diferenciações entre o nacional-desenvolvimentismo e as propostas governamentais da atualidade
Authors: Faé Rogério
Published: June 2015

Partindo do pressuposto de que nahistória, constituída por fatos que compõem a formação e evolução da nação,encontram-se os dados e informações necessários à compreensão do contextobrasileiro atual e para o entendimento das políticas ligadas ao desenvolvimento,este ensaio teórico buscou analisar as principais ideias que predominaram nasdécadas de 1950 e 1960 – anteriores ao golpe militar de 1964 – e sua influênciana retomada do conceito de desenvolvimento nacional no início do século XXI.Nesta retomada ganharam evidência propostas que buscaram atribuir ao Estadopapéis de planejador estratégico e regulador do mercado com o objetivo defacilitar as transações. Porém, neste retorno do desenvolvimentismo foramesquecidas as propostas que buscaram pensar formas de desenvolvimento geradorasde autonomia nacional, que almejaram fornecer condições para que a naçãopudesse tomar suas decisões com base na valorização das característicassocioculturais presentes em seu território.
Estratégia como prática e VRB: uma articulação teórica
Authors: Bento Cleidivaldo Santana , Montenegro Ludmilla Meyer
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma articulação teórica sob a ótica da estratégia como prática social e da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR), a fim de compreender como os resultados estratégicos são construídos a partir da práxis e da interação dos praticantes. Optou-se por utilizar, principalmente, os estudos de Johnson, Melin e Whittington (2003) e Jarzabkowski, Balogun e Seidl (2007) por oferecerem conteúdo relevante para o desenvolvimento da articulação teórica pretendida. A VBR foi norteada pelos estudos de Barney (1991), com ênfase em alguns conceitos relativos ao modelo VRIS. Ao longo do trabalho apresentou-se uma estrutura conceitual que pode ser tomada como ponto de partida para pesquisas sob a perspectiva prática. Articulação entre as teorias busca apresentar como a estratégia como prática pode preencher algumas lacunas que a VBR não tem respondido a contento. Palavras-chave: estratégia como prática social, visão baseada em recursos, resultados estratégicos.
Mapeamento do ensino e pesquisa dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Administração no Brasil
Authors: Leivas de Medeiros Natane De Cassia , Souto Bolzan Medeiros Flaviani , Weise Andreas Dittmar
Published: June 2015

Considerando que o curso de Administração vem apresentando índices significativos de crescimento nos últimos anos no país, este artigo se propõe a realizar um mapeamento do ensino e pesquisa desses cursos tanto de graduação como de pós-graduação no Brasil. Para isso, a com a coleta dos dados dos cursos de graduação foi obtida junto ao portal e-MEC. Já dos cursos de pós-graduação foi feita com base nos cursos reconhecidos e recomendados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e suas Linhas de Pesquisa na Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Os principais resultados mostram que, quanto à graduação existe certa uniformidade na distribuição dos cursos, diferentemente do que ocorre na pós-graduação, onde as ofertas ocorrem em menos Estados e basicamente nas suas capitais. Entretanto, ambos mapeamentos apresentaram forte concentração de cursos ofertados nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, conhecidas como as regiões mais desenvolvidas do país.
Consistency lets down framework
Authors: Bayram Liz , Batten Amanda
Published: June 2015

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. Neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Time for gender rethink
Authors: Lloyd Trefor
Published: June 2015

Our views of how boys and girls develop is rather stereotyped when it comes to how we provide for learning and interpret behaviour; now neuroscience is revealing that these ‘differences’ are soft, rather than hard-wired.
Active movement – a behavioural programme for health
Authors: Baston-Pitt Linda , Porter Juliet
Published: June 2015

Health and wellbeing are top of the political agenda, especially as levels of obesity continue to rise. This article looks at how a programme developed for business is impacting on the lives of children.
Clothes as identifiers
Authors: Williams David
Published: June 2015

Many of the children in your setting will enjoy dressing up and there are usually a few uniform bits to be found in the dressing up box, but exactly do they know about the different type of clothes we wear?
Potter about with clay
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: June 2015

This series of articles will explore modelling in the early years setting, using practical ideas to enrich your children's learning across the foundation stage – this month, we look at the use of potter's clay.
Stoma appliance selection: making the right choices
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: June 2015

When it comes to stoma appliances, there are a variety of available products available. Jennie Burch looks at caring for the older person with a stoma and gives some advice on how to make the right selections for each individual
Deprivation of liberty in nursing and residential care
Authors: Evans Stephen
Published: June 2015

There are many implications to deprivation of liberty. In this informative article, Stephen Evans advises what care staff should consider, including identifying a relevant service user, authorisation and enforcement and penalties
Alternative Splicing, Expression and Cellular Localization of Calneuron-1 in the Rat and Human Brain
Authors: Hradsky Johannes , Bernstein Hans-Gert , Marunde Monika , Mikhaylova Marina , Kreutz Michael R.
Published: June 2015

Calneuron-1 and -2 are members of the neuronal calcium-binding protein family (nCaBP). They are transmembrane Calmodulin-like EF-hand Ca2+-sensors, and a function in the control of Golgi-to-plasma membrane vesicle trafficking has been assigned to both proteins. In this paper, we describe the distribution of Calneuron-1 in rat and human brains. We show that Calneuron-1 is ubiquitously expressed in all brain regions examined. The protein is most abundant in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and principal neurons of the cortex and limbic brain whereas no expression in glial cells is apparent. In addition, we identify two novel splice isoforms of Calneuron-1 with extended N-termini. These isoforms are particular abundant in the cerebellum. Taken together, these data set grounds for a better understanding of the cellular function of Calneurons.
Once more into the crypt: A geocritical approach to Luis Buñuel’s Las Hurdes: Tierra sin pan
Authors: Kozey Christopher
Published: June 2015

Luis Buñuel’s short documentary film, Las Hurdes: Tierra sin pan/Las Hurdes: Land without Bread (1933) has long frustrated critics, who have variously categorized it as a socialist-realist call to arms, a brutal parody of ethnography and a flirtation with sadism. Some question whether the film is a documentary at all. By examining the film in light of not only its historically immediate predecessors, but also an often-neglected one – Lope de Vega’s play, Las Batuecas del Duque de Alba/The Duke of Alba’s Las Batuecas (Lope de Vega, 1604–1614) – I will account for the facet of Las Hurdes that these disparate characterizations fail to include. To do so, this investigation engages in what Bertrand Westphal calls ‘geocriticism’, a critical practice that ‘studies the literary stratifications of referential space’. Here, the space in question is the valley of Las Batuecas/Las Hurdes, and the key strata are Lope’s play and Buñuel’s film the former text casts the region as a ‘crypt space’ for Castile, and the latter recapitulates and critiques that role in a new temporal context. By scrutinizing these textual reconfigurations of the region as part of the same broader phenomenon, I will elucidate the aesthetically and politically contentious relationship of Las Hurdes’ diegetic content to its human and geographical referents.
Buddhism and quantum physics: Generality
Authors: Yupapin Preecha
Published: June 2015

The generalized concept of Buddhism is presented in terms quantum physics, which can be used to practice and reach the noble human life, where the related Buddhism principles can be formulated by the quantum physics concept. This can lead to meet the well-known Buddhism practical states, where they are the contemplation and perception. Finally, the zero energy state (nirvana) can be achieved and realized, which is benefit to the un-limited brain performance condition and discussed.
Menedžment kakovosti v bolnišnici: kriteriji za doseganje varnosti
Authors: Dobnik Mojca , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: June 2015

Uvod: Sistem kakovosti in varnosti je sistem odgovornosti in je danes glavni pogoj za pridobitev, nudenje in izvajanje zdravstvenih storitev. Prvi korak na poti kakovosti in varnosti je uveljavitev kulture varnosti za paciente v celotnem zdravstvenem sistemu. Namen raziskave je analizirati, kakšno vlogo zaposleni pripisujejo posameznim kriterijem za doseganje večje varnosti pacientov v bolnišnici.
Metode: V kvantitativni raziskavi je sodelovalo 17,6 % (n = 256) zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi v večjem zdravstvenem zavodu v Sloveniji. Raziskovalni instrument je bil vprašalnik 112 vprašanj zaprtega tipa, z rangiranjem po Likertovi lestvici. Za zanesljivost instrumenta je bil za različne spremenljivke izračunan koeficient alfa, znašal je od 0,717 do 0,839. Podatki so bili obdelani z deskriptivno statistiko, t-testom, korelacijsko ter regresijsko analizo. Statistična značilnost je bila p < 0,05.
Rezultati: Po mnenju zaposlenih so kriteriji za doseganje varnosti človeški viri (x = 27,09), novi načini dela (x = 21,34), rezultati dela (x = 27,39) in učinkovitost (x = 24,92). Na doseganje varnosti statistično pomembno vpliva izobrazba.
Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže, da anketiranci med kriteriji za doseganje varnosti kot najpomembnejše v največji meri ocenjujejo rezultate dela in najmanj nove načine dela. Varnost pacienta pripomore k porastu kakovosti življenja. Največji vpliv na izboljšanje varnosti pacientov ima menedžment z doseganjem kriterijev za varnost pacientov.
Pogled študentov magistrskega študija vzgoje in menedžmenta v zdravstvu na pridobljeno znanje
Authors: Filej Bojana
Published: June 2015

Uvod: Zaradi hitrega razvoja znanosti in hitro spreminjajočega se okolja je izobraževanje in učenje v vseh obdobjih človekovega življenja nujno. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako študenti magistrskega študija vzgoje in menedžmenta v zdravstvu dojemajo svoje novopridobljeno znanje. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativni metodi raziskovanja. Podatke smo zbrali s pomočjo spletnega anketnega vprašalnika. V raziskavo smo vključili tri generacije študentov, vpisanih na magistrski študijski program vzgoje in menedžmenta v zdravstvu (n = 61). Vrnjenih je bilo 39 (63,9 %) anketnih vprašalnikov. Za analizo zanesljivosti anketnega vprašalnika smo uporabili Cronbachov koeficient alfa, ki je znašal 0,86. Statistična značilnost je bila preverjena na ravni 5% tveganja (p = 0,05). Za testiranje domnev o razliki aritmetičnih sredin smo uporabili enofaktorsko analizo variance in za ugotavljanje jakosti korelacij med spremenljivkami Pearsonov korelacijski koeficient (r). Rezultati: Anketirani se ne glede na mesto zaposlitve (bolnišnica, zdravstveni dom, socialnovarstveni zavod, zasebnik, izven zdravstva, brez zaposlitve) najbolj strinjajo s trditvama, da jim znanje daje strokovno moč (x = 4,7) in da se z znanjem krepi profesija zdravstvene nege (x = 4,7). Najmanj se strinjajo s trditvijo, da bodo po zaključku študija prerazporejeni na drugo delovno mesto (x = 2,1). Statistično pomembna razlika se nanaša na trditev, da jih bodo člani zdravstvenega tima bolj spoštovali, ker bodo imeli višji naziv (F* = 5,059, p = 0,012). Diskusija in zaključek: Zaradi krizne situacije zavodi novopridobljenega znanja svojih zaposlenih ne bodo mogli izkoristiti v celoti; magistrski študenti pa ga bodo po dokončanju študija lahko koristno uporabili pri obravnavi pacientov, s čimer bodo prispevali k razvoju in profesionalizaciji stroke zdravstvene nege.
Importance of demographic characteristics and nurses' role in women's perceptions and experiences of gynaecological examination
Authors: Zaić Dušanka , Prosen Mirko
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Gynaecological examination is crucial for protecting the reproductive health of women. The purpose of the study was to explore the perception of women towards gynaecological examination, the importance of some demographic characteristics and the role of a nurse. Methods: A quantitative methodology was used for study purposes. A structured web questionnaire was applied on a non-random, convenience sample of women (n = 476). The questionnaire was published on the most popular Slovenian web forums. Prior to the main research project, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 10 women. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: Results of the study show a statistically significant correlation between the respondents' residential environment (t = -2.436, p = 0.015), the level of educational attainment (rs=-0.153, p = 0.001) and the presence of discomfort and fear before the gynaecological examination. The role of a nurse in reducing the level of discomfort and fear before (t = -0.931, p = 0.352) and during (t = -0.888, p = 0.375) the gynaecological examination was not proven statistically significant. Discussion and conclusions: Besides the demographic characteristics, a number of personal and societal factors influence women's attitudes towards gynaecological examination and the associated discomfort and fear. The study suggests that further qualitative studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of how women experience a pelvic examination.
Acute Effects of Deep Tissue Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Muscular Strength, Power, and Flexibility in Division I Linemen
Authors: Behara Brandon , Jacobson Bert H.
Published: June 2015

Behara, B and Jacobson, BH. Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in Division I linemen. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 888–892, 2017—A recent strategy to increase sports performance is a self-massage technique called myofascial release using foam rollers. Myofascial restrictions are believed to be brought on by injuries, muscle imbalances, overrecruitment, and/or inflammation, all of which can decrease sports performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of a single-bout of lower extremity self-myofascial release using a custom deep tissue roller (DTR) and a dynamic stretch protocol. Subjects consisted of NCAA Division 1 offensive linemen (n = 14) at a Midwestern university. All players were briefed on the objectives of the study and subsequently signed an approved IRB consent document. A randomized crossover design was used to assess each dependent variable (vertical jump [VJ] power and velocity, knee isometric torque, and hip range of motion was assessed before and after: [a] no treatment, [b] deep tissue foam rolling, and [c] dynamic stretching). Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded no pretest to posttest significant differences (p > 0.05) among the groups for VJ peak power (p = 0.45), VJ average power (p = 0.16), VJ peak velocity (p = 0.25), VJ average velocity (p = 0.23), peak knee extension torque (p = 0.63), average knee extension torque (p = 0.11), peak knee flexion torque (p = 0.63), or average knee flexion torque (p = 0.22). However, hip flexibility was statistically significant when tested after both dynamic stretching and foam rolling (p = 0.0001). Although no changes in strength or power was evident, increased flexibility after DTR may be used interchangeably with traditional stretching exercises.
Size-specific follicle selection improves mouse oocyte reproductive outcomes
Authors: Xiao Shuo , Duncan Francesca E , Bai Lu , Nguyen Catherine T , Shea Lonnie D , Woodruff Teresa K
Published: June 2015

Encapsulatedin vitrofollicle growth (eIVFG) has great potential to provide an additional fertility preservation option for young women and girls with cancer or other reproductive health threatening diseases. Currently, follicles are cultured for a defined period of time and analyzed as a cohort. However, follicle growth is not synchronous, and culturing follicles for insufficient or excessive times can result in compromised gamete quality. Our objective is to determine whether the selection of follicles based on size, rather than absolute culture time, better predict follicle maturity and oocyte quality. Multilayer secondary mouse follicles were isolated and encapsulated in 0.25% alginate. Follicles were cultured individually either for defined time periods or up to specific follicle diameter ranges, at which point several reproductive endpoints were analyzed. The metaphase II (MII) percentage after oocyte maturation on day 6 was the highest (85%) when follicles were cultured for specific days. However, if follicles were cultured to a terminal diameter of 300–350 μm irrespective of absolute time in culture, 93% of the oocytes reached MII. More than 90% of MII oocytes matured from follicles with diameters of 300–350 μm showed normal spindle morphology and chromosome alignment, 85% of oocytes showed two pronuclei after IVF, 81% developed into the two-cell embryo stage and 38% developed to the blastocyst stage, all significantly higher than the percentages in the other follicle size groups. Our study demonstrates that size-specific follicle selection can be used as a non-invasive marker to identify high-quality oocytes and improve reproductive outcomes during eIVFG.
Valores en un grupo de policías de tránsito de la ciudad de Lima, Perú
Authors: Grimaldo Muchotrigo Miriam Pilar
Published: June 2015

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y comparar la jerarquía de valores en policías según el sexo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 203 policías entre varones y mujeres, cuya edad promedio fue 34 años de edad, de Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó la Escala de Valores de Rokeach. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron tablas de distribución de frecuencias y porcentajes, media aritmética, desviación estándar y U de Mann Whitney. Se concluye que los policías, varones y mujeres jerarquizaron los siguientes valores terminales: amor maduro, religión, armonía personal y respeto. En los valores instrumentales jerarquizaron: alegría y amor. En cuanto a la comparación, en la jerarquía de valores cada grupo mantiene una independencia en los valores terminales e instrumentales.

Palabras clave: Valores, Jerarquía de valores, Policías.
Periodismo, desmovilización y reinserción
Authors: Muñoz Vila Cecilia , Torres Nubia , Ramos María Victoria , Botero Hilda , Lapacó Martha
Published: June 2015

En este artículo las autoras presentan la manera en que desde la prensa escrita dominical (El Tiempo y El Espectador) y las revistas (Cambio y Semana) se observaron y describieron los fenómenos de la desmovilización y los desmovilizados, de la reinserción y los reinsertados, el marco legal que los regulaba y los problemas que enfrentaban las víctimas del conflicto armado durante los años 2004 y 2005. Describen en forma detallada los subtemas que la prensa escrita destaca en estos tres grandes temas. A partir de la forma y el estilo en que los medios construyen marcos interpretativos diferentes de estos fenómenos desde las crónicas, los reportajes y los artículos de opinión definen la "dimensionalidad del estado mental" y la "dimensionalidad informativa" lo que caracteriza a quienes hablan en la prensa escrita sobre estos fenómenos. En las crónicas se registra la información factual somera o detallada; en los reportajes se destacan las voces exigentes y amenazantes de los culpables y los logros y alabanzas de las autoridades y en los artículos de opinión se resaltan la crítica, los temores y las dudas sobre la realidad definida por los medios como importante. Terminan el artículo con una breve referencia a la mentalidad "copiadora-repetidora" y la mentalidad "acomodaticia-camaleónica" de los periodistas y a la mentalidad "reflexiva" de los columnistas.

Palabras clave: Prensa escrita, Desmovilización, Reinsertados, Dimensionalidad informativa.
Las múltiples caras de la hospitalización parcial
Authors: Hoge Michael , Paris Manuel , Añez Luis M. , Corominas Antoni
Published: June 2015

Se revisa el papel de la hospitalización parcial dentro del marco de la continuidad asistencial de los servicios de salud mental. A partir del análisis de cuatro casos ejemplificadores de las diversas opciones terapéuticas de estos programas, se cuestionan algunos mitos en relación con esta modalidad y se subrayan las evidencias establecidas con respecto a ésta. Asimismo, se identifican sus principales funciones y los aspectos fundamentales e idiosincráticos que caracterizan a este tipo de recursos.

Palabras clave: hospitalización parcial, hospital de día, continuidad asistencial, factores terapéuticos, asistencia en salud mental.
Motivación en Psicología y salud: motivación no es sinónimo de intención, actitud o percepción de riesgo
Authors: Piña Lopez Julio Alfonso
Published: June 2015

Se revisa el uso del concepto de motivación en Psicología y salud. Se concluye que algunas teorías hacen un uso incorrecto del concepto, pues incurren en lo que Ryle llamó errores categoriales, lo cual compromete la interpretación que se hace de los resultados obtenidos en la práctica de la investigación.

Palabras clave: motivación, psicología y salud, errores categoriales.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y percepción de la enfermedad en padres de nifios con enfermedad crónica: contexto del cuidador
Authors: Coletto Michele , Câmara Sheila
Published: June 2015

El estudio evaluó la relación entre la percepción y los tipos de estretagias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los padres/cuidadores de niños con enfermedad crónica. Participaron cuarenta ciudadores identificados en los servicios de atención disponibles en el municipio de canoas/RS en el periodo de abril a mayo de 2007. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de estratégias de afrontamiento, el cuestionario de percepción de la enfermedad adaptado para los cuidadores y un cuestioanrio socio-demográfico desarrollado para el estudio. Las madres constituían la mayoría de cuidadores. Los resultados demostraron que la peor perecpción de consecuencias de las enfermedades están asociadas a una mayor utilización de la estrategia de afrontamiento de huida y escape, mientras que un uso menor de esa misma estratégia se relaciona con una mayor claridad en términos de los síntomas.

Palabras clave: estrategias de afrontamiento, enfermedad crónica, percepción de la enfermedad, Padres/cuidadores.
Epistemología y Ontología: un debate necesario para la Psicología hoy
Authors: González Rey Fernando
Published: June 2015

En este artículo se discute el desarrollo de los aspectos ontológicos y epistemológicos del psicoanálisis, la psicología empírica apoyada en el comportamiento y la psicología soviética, que constituyeron tres representaciones ontológicas diferentes sobre la psique. Cada una de esas representaciones tuvo implicaciones epistemológicas y metodológicas diferentes. Especial atención se da a la psicología soviética, la cual, hasta hoy, continúa siendo bastante poco conocida en la psicología occidental. Esa psicología, tanto por las condiciones históricas en que emergió, como por las influencias filosóficas y culturales que recibió, tuvo importantes diferencias con los enfoques psicológicos más conocidos de aquel tiempo. A partir de ese marco, el autor presenta su propuesta de subjetividad en una perspectiva histórico-cultural, discutiendo las exigencias epistemológicas y metodológicas que la redefinición de ese término implica desde esta aproximación teórica.

Palabras clave: epistemología, subjetividad, ontología, teoría.
El rol del maestro frente a la construcción del juego simbólico en los niños
Authors: Villalobos Maria Eugenia
Published: June 2015

En el presente artículo se muestran tres formas de juego espontáneo llevadas a cabo por los niños en preescolar y primero de primaria, que orientan el marco de referencia. Se busca mostrar los elementos comprensivos de los que puede disponer el maestro para ofrecer a los niños posibilidades de transformar las experiencias de juegos estereotipados, llamados juego -juguete-, en juego simbólico. La observación y análisis de las actividades de los niños muestra cómo ellos organizan nuevas representaciones a partir de los nuevos significados que otorgan a sus experiencias. Frente a estos procesos de los niños, el maestro tiene un rol primordial para favorecer las experiencias de significación que sustentan los procesos de aprendizaje.

Palabras clave: juego simbólico, niño, maestro, significación de la experiencia, intervención clínico-psicológica.
Diseño del cuestionario de creencias referidas al consumo de alcohol para jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Lara Carolina Valencia , Londoño Pérez Constaza , Amézquita MIlena , Cortés Javier , Guerra Mary , Hurtado Castiblanco Andres , Ordóñez Jennifer
Published: June 2015

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar y validar el Cuestionario de creencias referidas al consumo de alcohol para jóvenes universitarios. La prueba se aplicó a una muestra de 240 jóvenes universitarios entre los 16 y los 25 años, en la ciudad de Bogotá. El diseño del Cuestionario se basó en el Modelo de Creencias e incluyó los componentes del mismo: percepción de riesgo/vulnerabilidad/severidad, barreras percibidas, beneficios percibidos, normas subjetivas y claves para la acción. Los resultados muestran que la prueba tiene un buen nivel de validez y confiabilidad. Se presenta una descripción general de los resultados obtenidos con la muestra final de jóvenes. Finalmente, se discute sobre las aplicaciones y alcances del Cuestionario, y la necesidad de ampliar la muestra con jóvenes de otras ciudades.

Palabras clave: modelo de creencias, creencias sobre el alcohol, consumo de alcohol y jóvenes.
Consideraciones sobre la formación y transformación de la identidad de atletas profesionales de fútbol en Brasil
Authors: Da Costa Ciampa Antonio , Gonçalves Leme Clodoaldo , Ferreira de Souza Renato
Published: June 2015

El artículo contribuye a la comprensión del proceso de formación y transformación de la identidad profesional del jugador de fútbol en Brasil. La investigación de los caminos de los atletas en la búsqueda de reconocimiento profesional, sean los caminos de buenos como los de malos resultados, son nuestra vía de acceso para este análisis y reflexión. Bajo ese propósito y basados en la teoría de Habermas, planteamos una reflexión sobre el deporte, en particular sobre el fútbol, como un segmento social apropiado por el orden sistémico, gobernado por el dinero y el poder, que por ser colonizado estratégicamente por la razón instrumental, ese deporte de multitudes, de atractivo comercial fuerte, trae al mundo de la vida (cultura, sociedad e identidad), los sueños y expectativas distorsionadas de miles de personas y sus familias. Por ese motivo, las historias de vida y ejemplos del texto, sirven como indicadores de las relaciones sociales entre el "mundo de la pelota", el sueño de una carrera exitosa, la posibilidad real de frustración y la formación y transformación de la identidad psicosocial dentro de la caja de sorpresas que es el fútbol.

Palabras clave: identidad, psicología social, psicología del deporte, educación física.
Rasgos de personalidad y autoestima en víctimas de acoso laboral
Authors: Alcides Camargo John , Puentes Suárez Alexandra
Published: June 2015

La investigación describe las conductas de acoso psicológico laboral, rasgos de personalidad y autoestima de personas que han denunciado acoso laboral ante instancias legales. Participaron cuatro mujeres, entre 45 y 57 años de edad, con tiempo de vinculación mayor a 15 años en organizaciones públicas. Se aplicó el cuestionario Lipt-60, la prueba BFQ, la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y una entrevista semiestructurada.

Los resultados reflejan la presencia de acoso psicológico laboral vertical descendente, cada caso es diferente al no presentar semejanzas en las acciones hostigadoras percibidas y difieren en la intensidad y frecuencia de las estrategias utilizadas por el acosador hacia la víctima. En los rasgos de personalidad todos los casos presentan puntuaciones bajas en afabilidad y estabilidad emocional.

Palabras clave: acoso psicológico laboral, rasgos de personalidad, autoestima, víctimas de acoso laboral.
Personalidad, inteligencia emocional y afectividad en estudiantes universitarios de áreas empresariales Implicaciones para la formación de líderes
Authors: Contreras Françoise , Barbosa David , Espinosa Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la personalidad, el afecto y la inteligencia emocional a lo largo de la formación profesional, en 422 estudiantes de áreas empresariales. Se utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad NEO-FFI de Costa & McCrae (1994), el TMMS-24 (adaptado por Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera & Ramos, 2004) y el PANAS (adaptado por Sandín et al., 1999). Se encontraron niveles altos de neuroticismo y bajos de extraversión, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad; niveles intermedios de inteligencia emocional y una afectividad positiva predominante. El neuroticismo se incrementó en algunos semestres, la apertura a la experiencia y la responsabilidad aunque presentan niveles bajos, tienden a incrementarse durante la formación. Los participantes se caracterizaron por su afectividad positiva, la cual no parece depender de los procesos formativos sino de sus características personales. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación con la formación de líderes empresariales.

Palabras clave: liderazgo, personalidad, afecto positivo y negativo, inteligencia emocional.
Estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Psicología
Authors: Esguerra Pérez Gustavo , Guerrero Ospina Pablo
Published: June 2015

El estudio se ejecutó con la población estudiantil de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bogotá. El propósito de esta investigación es describir los estilos de aprendizaje e identificar si existe correlación entre éstos y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de Psicología. Los resultados evidenciaron que todos los estilos de aprendizaje se encuentran presentes en el grupo de estudiantes de Psicología de la USTA evaluados. Este grupo tiende más al estilo reflexivo. Se observó que existe relación significativa entre los modos de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico, especialmente, en los estudiantes que muestran estilo activo y en los que expresan estilo reflexivo.

Los estudiantes que conviven con la familia nuclear tienden a un mayor grado de reflexividad en comparación con quienes viven solos, esto puede mostrar que convivir en familia estaría relacionado con mantener mayor soporte social y red de apoyo para adoptar desafíos y alcanzar metas.

Palabras clave: aprendizaje, estilos de aprendizaje, rendimiento académico.
Pautas de crianza y desarrollo socioafectivo en la infancia
Authors: Cuervo Martinez Ángela
Published: June 2015

Este artículo presenta una revisión y hace unas reflexiones sobre la relación entre las pautas y los estilos de crianza y el desarrollo socioafectivo durante la infancia, a partir de los aportes de investigaciones realizadas sobre el tema, asumiendo que la salud mental de los padres, las pautas de crianza y el desarrollo socioafectivo de los niños y niñas están muy relacionados, y que cambian según la multidimensionalidad de variables evolutivas y contextuales. Finalmente, se considera la importancia de la familia para facilitar el desarrollo de conductas prosociales y la autorregulación emocional y para la prevención de problemas de salud mental en la infancia como depresión, agresividad, baja autoestima y ansiedad, entre otras.

Palabras clave: estilos de crianza, salud mental, desarrollo socioafectivo, infancia.
Evaluación y entrenamiento de la toma de perspectiva: una propuesta analítica funcional
Authors: Naranjo Meléndez G. Adriana
Published: June 2015

La toma de perspectiva difícilmente se desarrolla en los niños antes de los cuatro años de edad, según las investigaciones. Los protocolos usados hasta ahora están basados en situaciones hipotéticas con un alto nivel de abstracción y presentan un número limitado de ejemplos. Por esto, se desarrolló un protocolo para el entrenamiento de toma de perspectiva con base en situaciones reales, múltiples ejemplares y entrega de retroalimentación, manteniendo como constante las relaciones deícticas (YO-TÚ, AQUÍ-ALLÍ y AHORA-ENTONCES, simples e inversas). Bajo un diseño intrasujeto ABA, el protocolo fue efectivo para desarrollar las habilidades de toma de perspectiva en una niña de 3 años y 7 meses de edad, que no las presentaba al momento de la medición inicial. También, se analizan los datos correspondientes al número de sesiones requeridas para cada uno de los marcos y su complejidad a la luz de las investigaciones previas.

Palabras clave: toma de perspectiva, teoría de los marcos relacionales, marcos deícticos, entrenamiento en múltiples ejemplares.
Efectos de las instrucciones audiovisuales no explícitas sobre el comportamiento alimentario
Authors: Barrera Pelayo Hortencia Alicia , Lopez-Espinoza Antonio , Martínez Alma Gabriela , De La Torre-Ibarra Carolina , Aguilera Virgina , Galindo Alma , Diaz Felipe , Franco Karina , Magaña Claudia R.
Published: June 2015

Este estudio evaluó los efectos de las instrucciones no explícitas sobre la conducta alimentaria. Participaron cinco jóvenes entre los 19 y 24 años, a quienes se les observó durante dos fases experimentales a dos tipos de alimento nutricional (fruta y agua) y no nutricional (papas fritas y refresco). Los participantes fueron f lmados en dos programas de video. En la primera fase se grabaron videos musicales y en la segunda, un documental sobre hábitos alimentarios saludables. Los resultados mostraron que las instrucciones no explícitas modificaron la conducta alimentaria. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar si estas modificaciones persisten a largo plazo.

Palabras clave: conducta alimentaria, consumo, instrucción, humanos.
Glycogen Fuels Survival During Hyposmotic-Anoxic Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: LaMacchia John C , Frazier Harold N , Roth Mark B
Published: June 2015

Oxygen is an absolute requirement for multicellular life. Animals that are deprived of oxygen for sufficient periods of time eventually become injured and die. This is largely due to the fact that, without oxygen, animals are unable to generate sufficient quantities of energy. In human diseases triggered by oxygen deprivation, such as heart attack and stroke, hyposmotic stress and cell swelling (edema) arise in affected tissues as a direct result of energetic failure. Edema independently enhances tissue injury in these diseases by incompletely understood mechanisms, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Here, we present investigations into the effects of osmotic stress during complete oxygen deprivation (anoxia) in the genetically tractable nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our findings demonstrate that nematode survival of a hyposmotic environment during anoxia (hyposmotic anoxia) depends on the nematode’s ability to engage in glycogen metabolism. We also present results of a genome-wide screen for genes affecting glycogen content and localization in the nematode, showing that nematode survival of hyposmotic anoxia depends on a large number of these genes. Finally, we show that an inability to engage in glycogen synthesis results in suppression of the enhanced survival phenotype observed in daf-2 insulin-like pathway mutants, suggesting that alterations in glycogen metabolism may serve as a basis for these mutants’ resistance to hyposmotic anoxia.
The Open Methods of Coordination as Amplifier for EU Soft Law: The case of EU Youth Policy
Authors: Copeland Paul , ter Haar Beryl
Published: June 2015

The legally non-binding nature of the EU’s Open Method of Coordination (OMC) has sparked a lively scholarly debate that includes, amongst other things, research about its function and effectiveness in conjunction with hard law and the integration capacity created by different governance structures (hybridity). This paper contributes to this debate via an analysis of EU integration within the fi eld of Youth Policy. Contrary to existing research that examines hybrid structures in which the OMC interacts with hard law, EU Youth Policy has developed a hybrid structure in which the OMC mainly interacts with soft law. Our conclusion is that the developed hybrid structure has resulted in an incremental and coherent EU Youth Policy in which the OMC plays a crucial role.