bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical application of variance analysis of four-factor experience data as a technology of scientific research
Authors: Kartechina N V , Bobrovich L V , Nikonorova L I , Pchelinceva N V , Abaluev R N
Published: September 2020

The article shows the possibilities of practical application of the four-factor analysis of variance in research with fruit and berry crops, since the multifactorial experience, in contrast to the one-factorial experience, allows us to reveal not only the influence of two or more factors in one stationary experiment, one or another effective indicator and their combination, but also establish the presence of interaction of factors. The use of multifactorial experiments makes it possible to obtain significantly more information than single-factorial ones, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of funds, labor and time for the scientific solution of certain issues. Algorithms for mathematical processing of the results of a multifactorial experiment are given on specific examples of comparing the length of annual growth of branches of 9-year-old apple trees when studying the effect of four factors and eight options (variety, crown shape, crown orientation and sample size) in two gradations each (2x2x2x2). A compact, reduced algorithm for analysis of variance is presented, which has a number of advantages and can be used for various factorial schemes of multivariate stationary and other experiments, primarily due to a significant reduction in the time for data processing and analysis. Calculations according to the full scheme of the four-factor complex coincide with the final estimates of the differences in the mean values of the NDS of the proposed compact scheme.
Super diffraction resolution of coherent signals in angular coordinates in antenna arrays
Authors: Litvinchuk L A , Mishura T P , Kozlova O L
Published: September 2020

Based on the optimal algorithm for the super resolution of time signals, an algorithm is developed for the super diffraction resolution of coherent signals by the angular coordinates in the antenna arrays. In this case, the problem arises of resolving an unknown number of multidimensional parameters: shear angles, amplitudes, phases, and the number of total signals. In the mathematical environment of Matlab, a program has been created for processing the total diagram, results have been obtained for resolving several signals, and it is shown that up to 4 signals are possible in excess of diffraction resolution.
Mathematical model for an identifying flaming combustions and accidents by an unmanned aerial vehicle at oil and gas industry facilities
Authors: Vytovtov A V , Korolev D S , Barankevich R V , Sitnikov I V , Russkikh D V
Published: September 2020

This article presents an algorithm and mathematical model for an identifying flaming combustion automated process by an unmanned aerial vehicle. A digital image processed by software filters serves as a resource about an accident and fire at oil and gas industry facilities. The algorithm deals with the aircraft height, the movement speed relative to the observation point, as well as relative to the surface background, the combustion source brightness and the investigated area flicker frequency. The generated mathematical model allows to detect a fire hazard by a drone without operator intervention.
Discussion of cloud CAD software testing approach
Authors: Galimova E Y
Published: September 2020

In the life cycle of software systems, the testing phase is one of the most time-consuming and expensive. One of the fundamental issues in test planning is the choice between automated and manual methods for testing a software system or its individual modules. Since the choice can be different for individual modules, then in fact we are talking about a combination of these methods, and this is an important feature of CAD quality assessment. When choosing a testing method, it is recommended to take into account the specific characteristics of the tested software system. In this article, we propose to use a list of questions that can be used to determine the qualitative properties of such a test system. A list of questions is created using the ISO / IEC 25010: 2011 model. Developing a method to support the software testing process is an urgent scientific task.
The results of mathematical modeling of the operating modes of the feller machine
Authors: Chernik D V , Karelina A A , Kazancev R V , Litvinova M M
Published: September 2020

Feller machines equipped with articulated or mixed type manipulators are widely used in the Russian forest industry. In the process of felling trees, due to the wide variety of objects of labor, dynamic loads arise on the technological equipment of the machine, which must be taken into account when designing felling machines and harvesters. In addition, when designing these machines, questions arise regarding the choice of calculation tree parameters and some parameters of technological equipment. For the design of the machine, it is necessary to determine the maximum possible mass of the settlement tree and its length, which in turn depend on the species, the categories of trees and the climatic conditions of the region where the felling is planned. This article published the methodology and results of a study of the influence of species and discharge of trees on the dynamic loads of technological equipment of a feller manipulator.
Production technology and mathematical method for modeling the formulation of fruit and jelly candies enriched with collagen
Authors: Blinnikova O M , Babushkin V A , Akindinov V V , Perfilova O V , Novikova I M
Published: September 2020

Mathematical methods for designing recipes for various food products including fruit-jelly sweets of a given composition are based mainly on the methods of linear and experimental statistical programming. The use of the linear programming method made it possible to simulate the recipe for fruit-jelly sweets enriched with collagen. In the mathematical modeling of sweets, we were guided by a unified recipe for fruit-jelly masses, with a partial replacement of granulated sugar with strawberry powder and a solution of collagen hydrolyzate, replacement of fruit and berry cooking with strawberry puree. The requirements of GOST 4570-2014 for sweets were taken into account, according to which the mass fraction (ppm) of fruit raw materials should be at least 7%, ppm. moisture - no more than 32.0%, ppm reducing substances - no more than 60.0%. White sugar (x1), molasses (x2), strawberry puree (x3), agar-agar (x4), citric acid (x5), strawberry powder (x6), collagen hydrolyzate solution (x7) were used as prescription ingredients. As a result of calculating the program, the shares of prescription ingredients were obtained: x1 = 0.45; x2 = 0.24; x3 = 0.25; x4 = 0.016; x5 = 0.005, x6 = 0.05; x7 = 0.18. In this case, the goal function tends to the maximum, i.e. to obtain a product of high nutritional value. The data obtained made it possible to compose the recipe composition of enriched fruit-jelly sweets for the production of 1000 kg of product. The technological process for the production of sweets included sequentially performed operations that allow obtaining a product with a high nutritional value, the required content of biologically active substances and good organoleptic properties that meet the requirements of regulatory documents.
Mathematical model of a combined manipulator of a forest machine
Authors: Chernik D V , Chernik K N
Published: September 2020

Combined and articulated manipulators have gained immense popularity in various industries, including forestry. Thanks to its kinematic scheme that simulates the movement of a person’s hand, machines equipped with these manipulators are easy to master on an intuitive level and have a fairly large working area. When designing manipulators, there is a need for a preliminary determination of the geometric parameters of structural elements, which requires attracting additional labor resources from the production side, as well as attracting specialized, expensive programs. This article published the results of mathematical modeling of loading a combined manipulator. The developed mathematical model allows us to determine the geometric parameters of the manipulator design elements depending on the load capacity, maximum reach and other kinematic parameters of the machine. The graphs of the dependences of the height and width of the sections of the boom and secondary boom on the gross lifting torque and the maximum boom reach.
Fuzzy regression model with input and output Z-numbers
Authors: Poleshchuk Olga
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to the construction of a fuzzy regression model, the input and output data of which are Z-numbers. The coefficients of the regression model are crisp numbers. The definition of Z-number was proposed by prof. Lotfi Zadeh in 2011 for fuzzy information processing, the reliability of which is also fuzzy measured. In the paper the both components of Z-numbers are values of linguistic variables with the properties of completeness and orthogonality. Operations on Z-numbers are based not on classical fuzzy arithmetic, but on weighted fuzzy arithmetic, which greatly simplifies the operation, but at the same time, the original information features are preserved. The incoming information is formalized using weighted segments, based on which the distance between the initial and model data is determined. The optimization problem is solved with the condition of a minimum sum of squares of these distances, which allows to obtain unknown coefficients of the regression model.
Transient operating regimes modeling in low-power boilers of a high-temperature fluidized bed
Authors: Bondarev A V , Sarkisov S V , Tarasov V N , Vakunenko V A , Biryukov N A
Published: September 2020

The paper proposes a comprehensive solution to the issues of sustainable and high-quality operation of low-power boilers with a fluidized bed at public utilities. The techniques of mathematical modeling of stationary and transient regimes of operation are used, which is necessary for the correct selection and tuning of the controllers of the automated control system. A mathematical model of the change in temperature and concentration of combustible substances over time when burning solid fuel in a fluidized bed is presented. Dependences of changes in the main parameters of the combustion process are shown. Graphs of transient processes of changing the layer temperature over time during the application of disturbing effects during the combustion of coal and peat are given.
Modeling of a strategy for developing a lean organizational structure for managing a petrochemical enterprise
Authors: Barsegyan N V , Kudryavtseva S S , Ivanova L N
Published: September 2020

In the conditions of constantly growing technological and digital efficiency gap between domestic and foreign manufacturers, the problem of stimulating the sustainable development of the domestic industrial industry is becoming more and more urgent. A well-structured management structure based on a lean development strategy has a significant impact on improving the innovation level of industrial enterprises, since this process provides incentives for continuous improvement of enterprises’ activities and increasing their efficiency, which can be implemented through the introduction of lean production systems. The main factors influencing the efficiency of production processes and development when developing a strategy for implementing a lean management structure for a petrochemical enterprise are identified. When designing a lean governance structures in petrochemical plants, the factor “personnel innovative potential” is of paramount importance, because it takes into account the efficiency of the human component as the main control object and the source of modernizing the industry and, in addition, includes an innovative aspect that also requires consideration in the development of lean organizational structures, such as departments and divisions on innovation departments R & d departments, technological development, etc. within the enterprise or supply chain of petrochemical products, their competence and authority.
Dissipative mathematical model of heat transfer in channels with process intensifiers
Authors: Laptev A G , Farakhov T M , Lapteva E A
Published: September 2020

A mathematical model is considered and calculated expressions for the average shear stress and the average Nusselt number in channels with surfaces of process intensifiers (wire inserts, annular protrusions, etc.) are obtained. The average shear stress is found using the expression for the energy dissipation rate and the Deisler and Van Driest turbulent boundary layer model. As a result, an equation related to the pressure drop in the channel with process intensifiers was obtained. Using this equation, the Nusselt number is written for channels with heat transfer intensifiers, and the calculation results are given and compared with known experimental data for transformer oil and other media with high viscosity at Reynolds numbers from 200 to 3104. The resulting expression allows calculating the heat transfer coefficients based on the results of experimental studies hydraulic resistance. As a result, the terms and costs of designing or modernizing heat exchangers for various industries are reduced.
A method for data analysis in algebraic structures
Authors: Shlepkin Aleksei , Sabodakh Irina , Filippov Konstantin
Published: September 2020

Computational group theory investigates the arithmetic properties of algebraic structures. These properties may be utilized in development of algorithms for data analysis and machine learning. This direction is associated with the design, analysis of algorithms and data structures for calculating various characteristics for (mostly finite) groups. The area is interesting for investigation of important from various points of view groups that are important, the data about which cannot be obtained by manually. The present work was carried out in line with computer calculations in groups. Based on the concept of the group growth function, the concept of the group density function is introduced. The growth and density functions of finite simple non-Abelian groups of small orders are constructed. The question of recognizability of finite simple non-Abelian groups by the density function is considered. The problem of effective storage of finite group elements in computer memory using the AVL tree is investigated. Based on the AVL tree, a fast algorithm for enumerating all elements of a finite group is developed. With the computer calculations, the recognizability of two finite simple non-Abelian groups by the group density function is proved.
Subsidiary computations
Authors: Tsvetkov V Ya , Kozlov A V
Published: September 2020

The work objective is an examination of the subsidiary computations. The article describes the content of the subsidiary computations, which are associated with situational computation. The authors provide an analysis of linear or sequential computations being the basis for a comparison with the subsidiary computation. The article also introduces the computation situation concept, which is not used for stationary and deterministic computations. It is demonstrated that the necessity of the subsidiary computations occurs when changing the external environment and the computation situation. The importance of logical argumentation in the subsidiary computations is noted. The necessity to introduce the complementarity criteria for the subsidiary computations is noted. The subsidiary and centralized computations are alternative.
Scheduling of the independent projects
Authors: Kalach A V , Rossihina L V , Melnik A A , Sharapov S V , Loran N M
Published: September 2020

The article proposed a technique for the independent scheduling of the independent projects for the case when the value of labor expenditures is limited in each period of time. Continuous variant of the scheduling problem is considered when a partial fulfillment of the projects in the time interval is possible and discrete variant for two periods when a partial ful-fillment of the projects is not admitted. The generalized algorithm of the scheduling is presented for the case when the number of periods is more than two. A current optimality principle is proposed based on the technique «Cost-Effect», and according to it maximization of the total effect from the project fulfilled only in this period of time without the account of the next intervals is solved only in this period of time. Examples of the usage of proposed method for scheduling of the independent projects and a principle of the current optimality in solution of the problem of the project’s scheduling are presented in the work.
The spectral curve method for the Kaup-Newell hierarchy
Authors: Smirnov A O , Filimonova E G , Matveev V B
Published: September 2020

In nonlinear optics, ones often use models which associated with various variants of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE): scalar NLSE, vector NLSE, derivative NLSE, etc. These equations are the first in their hierarchies: Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur, vector NLSE, Kaup-Newell, Gerdjikov-Ivanov, and Chen-Lie-Lui. A typical tool for analyzing the problem of propagation of electromagnetic nonlinear waves is the direct and inverse nonlinear Fourier transform. For recovering a periodic nonlinear signal one can use spectral curves. In this paper, we use the example of the Kaup-Newell hierarchy to show the possibilities of the spectral curve method. Using this method, one can find Lax pairs, integrable nonlinear equations, integrals, and spectral curves of solutions for any other hierarchies. The simplest examples of using this method are given.
Derivation of the simplest transport equations for dissipation and vorticity from a modified equation for small-scale velocity
Authors: Balonishnikov Alexander , Balonishnikova Jeanna , Kruchkova Julia
Published: September 2020

Transport equations for dissipation and vorticity are derived from a transport equation for small-scale velocity, using expression for turbulent viscosity through dissipation and gradients of large-scale velocity, assuming validity of local turbulent energy balance. These equations are of simple form. The equations can be used for parametrization in the various turbulence models. The approach can be generalized for magnetohydrodynamics, the flow with variable fluid density, the non-newton flow, etc.
Brachistochrone of weakly connected graphs
Authors: Dzerzhinsky R I , Mitina O A
Published: September 2020

This article is focused on studying brachistochrone dynamic spaces of weakly connected graphs trough the example of Moscow transportation system. Research data will show and allow users to find the shortest route around the city, and give recommendations on the further development of the metropolis. The indicated dynamically changing contours of weakly connected graphs will allow the user to optimally adjust the traffic, which may ultimately result in new traffic capacity. Research results and conclusions may be useful for the Ministry of Transport, Traffic Management Centre, and private organizations.
Mathematical methods for planning energy-efficient motion path of the manipulator anthropomorphic robot for the typical obstacles
Authors: Petrenko V I , Tebueva F B , Antonov V O , Gurchinsky M M
Published: September 2020

Anthropomorphic robots (AR) have a problem of low work duration, that negatively affects their functioning efficiency in different environments. The article discusses the optimization of its manipulators energy efficiency when performing operations in the working area with an obstacle to reduce the energy consumption of robots. Increasing the useful life of the anthropomorphic robot on one cycle of charging is the purpose of the study. This happens due to reducing the energy consumption of manipulators with excessive mobility when operating in the working area with a typical obstacle through the planning of energy-efficient travel path. The article shows the results of the method development for planning the path of the AR manipulator in the working area with a typical obstacle in the shape of a sphere or a parallelepiped. The method for solving kinematics problems based on a geometric approach for kinematic chains consisting of rotational joints using the Denavit-Hartenberg representation is presented in the paper. The computational complexity of the proposed solutions is analized, the efficiency of the developed methods and algorithms is evaluated. #COMESYSO1120
The effective algorithms for estimating the signal and image shift
Authors: Terekhov A V , Makarov A A , Melnikov K A
Published: September 2020

In the paper, there are introduced simple algorithms for the estimation of the shift parameter of signals and images synthesized by means of the spectral analysis carried out in the various orthogonal bases formed by the polynomials. It is demonstrated that the resulting estimates are asymptotically unbiased and consistent, and it is proved that they can be implemented using modern digital equipment.
Mazes creation for further study of swarm intelligence
Authors: Dagaev A V , Sorokin A A , Kovalenko R A , Yakovleva E A
Published: September 2020

The development of algorithms for graph theory and discrete mathematics has made it possible in recent decades to create labyrinths of varying complexity and structure. Labyrinths are used for tracing boards, developing puzzles, games, optimizing the filling of homogeneous structures, finding a path in complex dynamic structures and building graphs, analyzing it with swarm intelligence. The methods for generating mazes are varied and complex. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the speed and complexity of generating mazes to select the best algorithm for a given criterion. The better the developed algorithm, the more steps to find the path. The paper presents several methods for generating mazes.
Modeling of ultrasonic drilling of hard formation in the conditions on the Moon surface
Authors: Khmelev Vladimir N , Golykh Roman N , Es’kov Evgeniy A , Jiang Shengyuan , Liu Junwei , Quan Qiquan
Published: September 2020

The article presents developed model of ultrasonic drilling of hard formation in the conditions of the Moon surface. The model allows calculating the speed of ultrasonic drilling and the speed of evaporation of water and ice traces. The results of calculations revealed optimum modes of ultrasonic drilling providing maximum safety of water and ice.
A long period quasi-random sequences false synchronization probability estimation under organized interference conditions
Authors: Melnikov E V , Azhmukhamedov I M , Hisamov F G
Published: September 2020

It is known that the broadband communication systems functioning always begins with a long period quasi-random sequences sensors synchronization. In a false synchronization case, which is immediately detected by the received signal convolution absence, resynchronization can be carried out in organized interference difficult conditions from the intruders’ side. By now, a false start probability estimating issues remain open due to the obtaining mathematical expressions’ difficulty without knowing the errors’ distribution laws that lead to false start of a long period quasi-random sequences sensors synchronization. In this paper, theorems are proved on a long period quasi-random sequences sensors synchronization process isomorphism by the Ward method to the check relations fulfilment (k+m, k) of the maximum length code, which makes it possible using the coding theory theoretical apparatus to obtain fairly simple mathematical expressions for calculating a long period quasi-random sequences sensors synchronization false synchronization probability through the maximum length code undetected error (k+m, k) probability.
The problem of equality in the class of bracketed languages and its use in automation systems for building compilers
Authors: Melnikov B F , Melnikova A A
Published: September 2020

We investigate the solvability of the equivalence problem in the class of bracketed languages and its use in automation systems for building compilers. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality of two simple bracketed languages for the prefix-and-suffix case and some sufficient conditions for two bracketed languages.
Mathematical modeling of management processes in agricultural engineering systems
Authors: Siptits S O , Evdokimova N E
Published: September 2020

The task of forming a plan for the development of a plant growing enterprise belongs to the non-trivial tasks of mathematical modeling of bioeconomic processes. When forming it, the decision-maker must systematically take into account the impact on the final result of at least three types of factors of different nature: agronomic, economic, organizational. This paper presents a system of mathematical models that forms the basis for optimizing the annual plan for the production of agricultural crops.
Mathematical model of fire load type identification by electromagnetic radiation of the optical range using an unmanned aerial vehicle at oil and gas industry facilities
Authors: Vytovtov A V , Korolev D S , Odnolko A A , Nikolenko S D , Vytovtov V A
Published: September 2020

Providing comprehensive security of the pipeline is the main task of monitoring linear facilities in the oil and gas industry. Proposed mathematical model is a part of an automated identification algorithm to determine the fire load type. The study identified four groups of combustible substances characteristic of oil and gas facilities: oil, refined products, liquefied petroleum gas and vegetation. There was a study of electromagnetic radiation of the optical range, recorded by an UAV’S digital camera for each type of substance. An algorithm for comparing the area color with a standard was proposed and implemented. The obtained mathematical correspondence allows identifying the fire color and the fire load type in conditions of different luminosity. The information on the flaming substance allows authorized rescue units to make operational decisions about the fire extinguishing method.
Detonation combustion in a dual-circuit ejector pulsating jet engine
Authors: Migalin K V , Egorov A G , Sidenko K A
Published: September 2020

The results of the development of a new generation pulsating engine – an ejector dual-circuit PuVRD capable of under certain conditions going into detonation combustion mode are presented. It is assumed that in the engines of this type, having a double bend duct, the transition to detonation combustion is performed by precessing vortex core separation zone. The possible cause of the failure of the self-oscillating process during the transition to detonation combustion mode is analyzed.
The cyber-production syndinical situation
Authors: Gurjanov A V , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: September 2020

The cyber-production syndinics defines the dangerous factors, which are actual for the Industry 4.0. The ecology, process (technological), economy and other directions of the company security are being analyzed. There is a scheme of the cyber-production security policy components. The cyber-production security system threats are studied inspired by random reasons and third persons intended actions (competitors, hackers, un-loyal employees and other). The random reasons could be cyber-equipment functioning failures. The intended reasons are associated with terrorists cyberattacks and some malevolent physical penetration in a secured area. The security system threats parrying is given to the engineer cyber-systems, which have the security functions. There is a scheme given of a cyber-production protected section equipped with security cyber-systems. The risk factors influencing the industrial object security are defined if they potentially could provoke a technogenics catastrophe. The cyber-production technical security components are defined as the physical world and cyber-space building security infrastructure.
Analysis of electric power technologies in industrial production
Authors: Testoyedov N A , Potapenko I A , Lugovaya N M , Kukartsev V V , Karaseva M V
Published: September 2020

The article carries out a general analysis of electric power technologies in industrial production in the course of this study. It substantiates the importance of the electric power industry in the world economy. The most developed directions of electricity generation are considered. Their peculiarities and characteristic features are highlighted. The article gives a general analysis of the structure of world electricity production by types of power plants. It was revealed on the basis of this analysis that the largest volume of electricity generation is produced at coal fired power stations. A negative impact of the operation of coal-fired thermal power plants on the environment is described. The dynamics of world investments in renewable energy sources, as well as world GDP statistics and the dynamics of world electricity production according to regions are considered. The article highlights such regions as China, Europe and the United States, which are leaders in both production and consumption of electricity. They receive the largest investments for the development of technologies for generating electricity from renewable energy resources. As a result of the study, the assumptions were made about the existing environmental problems in some regions leading in the production and consumption of electricity. Also the article speculates about the existing need to replace less environmentally friendly energy sources with more environmentally friendly energy resources.
Estimation of economic damage in the difference of the transformer loading factor
Authors: Lukovenko A S , Radionov T V , Kukartsev V V , Testoyedov N A , Karaseva M V
Published: September 2020

The article considers a method to determine the optimal load of a power transformer. A method for estimation economic damage in case of deviation of the load factor of the transformer has been developed. According to the proposed method, the optimal load factor of the power transformer was determined according to the criterion of the minimum cost of money for the transformation of electric energy. The load level of power transformers can be estimated by two criteria, i.e., by the maximum integral value of the efficiency and by the minimum loss of funds during the transformation of electricity. According to the proposed methodology, the damage was estimated when the load factor of the transformer deviated from the optimal values. For this, the relative losses of electrical energy were calculated. The results obtained, from the point of view of energy and financial and economic efficiency, show that when the load factor is overestimated relative to the optimal values, it is much more preferable to overestimate them than to underestimate them.
Calculation of the process of nitrogen oxides formation during combustion of methanol in the engine
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: September 2020

The developed method is based on a two-zone model and allows calculating the pressure and temperature (fresh mixture and combustion products), cycle indicators, as well as the current concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO) in the combustion chamber as a function of the crank angle. It can be used to evaluate the influence of parameters such as the beginning and duration of combustion, the composition of the mixture, heat loss from the gas to the walls, compression ratio, etc. on indicator indicators and output. In this model, the cylinder charge during combustion is divided into two zones: the zone of unburned mixture and the zone of combustion products. It is assumed that the fuel-air (unburned) mixture before and during the combustion process is homogeneous. The zone of combustion products at each moment of the cycle has a uniform composition and temperature. The combustion process is calculated according to the specified fuel burn-out law, taking into account the dissociation of the combustion products. The equilibrium concentrations of individual combustion products necessary to account for dissociation (COandH2) and the formation ofNO(O2,H2,O) are determined by approximating polynomials.
Methods for evaluating the performance of industrial cooling tower sprinklers
Authors: Boev E V , Boeva N I
Published: September 2020

The temperature regime of any production is carried out using recycled water systems, most often equipped with fan and tower cooling towers. The main element of all types of cooling towers, affecting the efficiency of the interaction of the droplet liquid with the ascending air flow and, accordingly, the efficiency of the cooling towers, is the sprinkler. This article describes a method for investigating the effectiveness of cooling tower sprinklers.
Improvement of fire retardant properties of wood materials
Authors: Gazizov A M , Kuznetsova O V , Sharafutdinov A A , Shaimuhametova K M
Published: September 2020

Any kind of construction involves the use of wooden structures that require the achievement of an appropriate class of their fire hazard with the provision of the required fire protection indicators. Currently, fireproofing of wood materials is carried out mainly by impregnating wood with fireproofing compositions. And the search by scientists for relatively cheap and environmentally friendly fire retardant materials (flame retardants) for impregnating and treating wood is still relevant. This article discusses the role of fire retardant for wood material. The experimental study using 4% tetraethoxysilane is described. An optimal method of applying a composition for increasing fire resistance and a fire-retardant efficiency group of the test composition have been experimentally established. The positive effect of this composition on the fire-retardant properties of the wood chip board was also established. Time characteristics during soaking and drying of samples are recommended.
Alternative fuels and assessment of their applicability in internal combustion engines
Authors: Kopchikov V N
Published: September 2020

The article summarizes the experience of using alternative fuels as motor fuel in internal combustion engines (ICE). Russia’s long-term energy program provides for measures to save fuel and energy resources, replace oil fuels with natural gas and other alternative fuels of non-oil origin, and expand the use of secondary and non-traditional energy sources. To justify the form of alternative fuels should consider the following factors: motor properties, availability of raw materials for its production in large volumes for a long time, the presence of large technologies, systems of transportation and distribution for the consumer, environmental indicators in the work ICE at this fuel, the cost of production and distribution of fuel. The article considers natural gas, alcohols (methyl and ethyl), hydrogen, ammonia, hydrazine, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuels from shale and coal as the main alternative fuels for replacing fuels of petroleum origin. Taking into account the above factors, the most interesting are natural gas (compressed and liquefied), hydrogen, and methyl alcohol (methanol).
Investigation of heat and mass exchange characteristics of packing devices of industrial cooling tower sprinklers
Authors: Boev E V , Boeva N I
Published: September 2020

In practically all enterprises of gas and petrochemical industry cooling of main and auxiliary process equipment is carried out by means of recirculated water supply systems equipped with cooling towers. In general, the efficiency of the cooling process is determined by packing devices (sprinklers) designed to provide the necessary contact surface of the phases with minimal aero- and hydrodynamic resistances. This article describes the design of the cooling tower sprinkler
Aeroecology of audience with split systems
Authors: Lykov I N , Kusacheva S A , Safronova M E
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study is to assess the level of bacterial and fungal contamination of the split system elements and air in air-conditioned rooms. The research method included the quantitative accounting of microorganisms on the surfaces of split-system filters and in the air of university classrooms. It was found that after an hour operation of the air conditioner, the number of microorganisms in the air decreased by 41.4%. At the same time, the microbial landscape changed in the direction of increasing the percentage of molds and coccal microorganisms, which indicates a high risk of atmospheric pollution in the classrooms.
Alternative fuel engine duty cycle
Authors: Anfilatov A A
Published: September 2020

In developing promising systems for reducing the toxicity of ICE emissions, special attention is paid to suppressing the formation of toxic components directly in the engine’s working chamber. This primarily relates to nitrogen oxides. The method is of particular interest when using aqueous solutions of ethanol as fuel. Therefore, the study of the ignition and combustion capabilities of various fuels includes the study of the prospects for using water-saturated air-fuel mixtures in a multi-fuel operating cycle to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. It is assumed that the formation of shock and detonation waves as a result of self-ignition in local foci is acceptable if they propagate attenuate to a level that does not pose a danger to the engine design and does not impair its effective performance.
Speed characteristics of a diesel running on biofuel
Authors: Fominykh A V , Kopchikov V N
Published: September 2020

Using alternative fuels in diesel engines is a complicated task, as it is necessary to take into consideration further changes in power, economic and environmental characteristics. There are fuels that are very similar as to their chemical properties to conventional petroleum fuel. However, when using them one should bear in mind some of their specific features, such as cetane number, lower heating value, the proportion of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in their composition, etc. All of these can have a significant impact on the workflow. The most promising of the samples investigated are renewable alternative fuels, such as methyl alcohol and rapeseed oil methyl ether. The paper presents the results of bench tests of a 2F 10.5/12.0 diesel engine operating on the above-mentioned biofuels. Consideration is given to power, economic and environmental performance of the engine depending on the speed change, and the possibility of using alternative fuels in diesels is assessed.
Influence of emulsion fuel on the composition of dispersed particles
Authors: Likhanov V A , Anfilatov A A
Published: September 2020

The research data on the effect of water-fuel emulsion on the composition of dispersed particles contained in diesel EGes are presented. The effect of the membrane emulsification method on the degree of homogeneity of the emulsion is also shown. Management of the structure of the emulsion which will allow to obtain VTE of a predetermined composition and, accordingly, to ensure stability and reproducibility of the results of their application. In most works, VTEs were prepared using homogenizers, ultrasonic devices, or other mechanical methods that cannot ensure the stability of the structure of emulsions.
Organization of the fuel heating reserve system on the basis of associated petroleum gas
Authors: Balzamov D S , Balzamova E Yu , Bronskaya V V , Kharitonova O S
Published: September 2020

The use of associated petroleum gas as the main and reserve fuel is a promising direction because of its cheap compared to natural gas. There is the possibility of using associated petroleum gas as a reserve fuel for the regional heating station at the article. Projects on joining associated petroleum gas pipeline to the existing gas pipeline are presented.
Analysis of the key design features of low-power turbines for electricity generation
Authors: Kishkin A A , Shevchenko Yu N , Delkov A V
Published: September 2020

The paper presents an analysis of the design features of turbines for low-power electricity generation systems (up to 10 kW). The specifics of the working process of this type of turbines is described. The basic requirements for the design are presented. The description of the stand for experimental research is given. The obtained experimental results are presented.
Features of the stages of heterogeneous catalytic processes under the influence of microwave radiation
Authors: Daminev R R
Published: September 2020

Use of microwave electromagnetic radiation as an acting factor allows to have a significant influence on such processes as heating, phase transitions (melting, evaporation, drying), some stages of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Consider the external task of diffusion kinetics of the process when using microwave radiation. For this purpose the investigated process is carried out in a flow reactor filled with grains of a solid catalyst, on the surface of which a catalytic reaction takes place. Let us imagine that the gas stream consists of a core, in which complete mixing takes place, and immobility of diffusion film of gas with thickness, through which diffusion to external surface of catalyst grains takes place. The concentration of reactant gas in the core of the stream is kept constant. Its concentration at the catalyst surface is lower due to the reaction; This difference results in a diffusion flow of reactant to the surface.
Directions of development of digitalization of the oil industry in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kulyasov N S , Shipkova O T , Zavialov A E , Charyyarova G D
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and search of directions of development of digitalization of oil industry in Russia. The study analyzed the current state of digitalization of the oil industry, methods used and directions of development of Industry 4.0 in oil industry. The main problems of oil industry digitalization development in the Russian Federation were identified. The main problems in the development of oil industry digitalization in Russia include the lack of clear priorities for technological development of the industry, an acute shortage of funding for early stages of research and development, underdevelopment of venture capital investment in industry projects, institutional barriers, etc. As a result of the research, a systematic approach was proposed, which includes three priorities for the development of digitalization of oil industry in Russia, the implementation of which will stimulate and develop sector R&D, venture capital investment, and the institutional environment. The study concludes with a presentation of the main findings and results.
Utilization of the vat residues of butyl alcohols with receiving phthalate softener
Authors: Nafikova R F , Islamutdinova A A , Ovsyannikova I V
Published: September 2020

Problems of utilization of the vat residues of butyl alcohols are considered. The component quantitative structure of vat residues of butyl alcohols is brought. Process of synthesis of phthalate softener by interaction of phthalic anhydride with vat residues of butyl alcohols with use as catalysts of tetrabutyloxytitanate, zinc stearate is investigated. It is established that these catalysts allow to receive softener for PVC of compositions. The efficiency of use of the received phthalate softener in polyvinylchloride compoundings of the lower layer of linoleum and the film PVC sticky is shown.
Modeling of metalwork and welding technological processes
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Sazonova S A , Kulneva V V , Panteleev I N
Published: September 2020

A detailed local, narrowly directed impact of industrial premises emission generators on air pollution in the metalwork and welding division sectors of Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (Voronezh joint-stock aircraft manufacturing company) has been carried out. It has been found that the greatest contribution to the overall background of the polluting components accumulation in quantitative terms is made by 2 sites: sandblasting and gas welding, which are distinguished by a greater technogenic load. It has been noted that the sector of Ti plasma cutting and alloys based on it, which has potential equipment according to the work regulations, is distinguished by the variety of components allocated. The quantitative assessment of gross and maximum one-time emissions in the sectors of the locksmith and welding division of basic polluting components has been implemented. A boundary with the permissible concentration NO2 value has been fixed in the gas welding sector and it is desirable to update the working zone air cleaning systems. We assume that there is a need for modernization and that an increased amount of polluting components emissions in the working zone is possible due to the existing technological regulations and equipment that requires modernization.
Environmental monitoring and microbiological activity of chernozem leached in agrocenoses of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Fomina N V
Published: September 2020

Adapting agroecosystems to the specific natural conditions of the region, as well as to the levels of man-made load on agrocenoses, is a priority task for reproducing the necessary level of soil fertility, ensuring the environmental safety of arable soils. The results of monitoring indicators of microbiological activity of chernozome leached in agrocenoses of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe are presented. The number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms and the activity of oxidative and hydrolytic soil enzymes were investigated. The results of the biological assessment of the soil condition of the rhizosphere of agricultural plants may be the basis for rationing the level of anthropogenic impact on agroecosystems in the region. An increase in the activity of the catalase enzyme compared to the soil of the alfalfa rhizosphere has been established in chernozem samples in wheat and barley crops. The activity of hydrolytic protease and invertase enzymes also increased in these samples. A study of the activity of catalase and protease enzymes is recommended for environmental monitoring and control of soil conditions in crops (especially wheat and barley).
About the interchangeability of iron-manganese nodules of the Pacific and the Baltic Sea
Authors: Sulimova M A
Published: September 2020

In the course of the article, new data were obtained for previously unexplored collections of ferromanganese nodules of the Mining Museum. Were obtained specific samples of concretions from various deposits. The prospects for the use of ferromanganese concretions for further research were identified.
Determination of heat- and mass transfer coefficients in small-size apparatuses of recycled water cooling
Authors: Bondar K E , Shulaev N S , Laponov S V , Suleymanov D F
Published: September 2020

There is given an explanation of heat and mass transfer efficiency at developed mini-cooling tower with twisted air flow and also a comparison with counterflow mini cooling tower in this thesis. It is determined, that a moisture content and temperature of cooling air flow in volume on height of a cooling tower vary in height in accordance with a power law. Also calculated indexes of degree for moisture content and temperature, need for further determination of heat and mass transfer coefficients.~h
0,83~h
1,25 There is formed a formula for determination of heat and mass exchange coefficients. Also heat and mass exchange efficiency indexes are determined and carried out a comparison of researches on laboratory equipment of the mini cooling tower with a twisted air-flow and counterflow mini cooling towers, in result of which we can see, that heat and mass exchange coefficients of the mini cooling tower with a twisted air flow are more on 20% than heat and mass exchange coefficients of counterflow mini cooling towers.