bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperplasia in glands with hormone excess
Authors: Marx Stephen J
Published: September 2015

Five syndromes share predominantly hyperplastic glands with a primary excess of hormones: neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, from homozygous mutatedCASR, begins severelyin utero; congenital non-autoimmune thyrotoxicosis, from mutatedTSHR, varies from severe with fetal onset to mild with adult onset; familial male-limited precocious puberty, from mutatedLHR, expresses testosterone oversecretion in young boys; hereditary ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, from mutatedFSHR, expresses symptomatic systemic vascular permeabilities during pregnancy; and familial hyperaldosteronism type IIIA, from mutatedKCNJ5, presents in young children with hypertension and hypokalemia. The grouping of these five syndromes highlights predominant hyperplasia as a stable tissue endpoint and as their tissue stage for all of the hormone excess. Comparisons were made among this and two other groups of syndromes, forming a continuum of gland staging: predominant oversecretions express little or no hyperplasia; predominant hyperplasias express little or no neoplasia; and predominant neoplasias express nodules, adenomas, or cancers. Hyperplasias may progress (5 of 5) to neoplastic stages while predominant oversecretions rarely do (1 of 6; frequencies differP<0.02). Hyperplasias do not show tumor multiplicity (0 of 5) unlike neoplasias that do (13 of 19;P<0.02). Hyperplasias express mutation of a plasma membrane-bound sensor (5 of 5), while neoplasias rarely do (3 of 14;P<0.002). In conclusion, the multiple distinguishing themes within the hyperplasias establish a robust pathophysiology. It has the shared and novel feature of mutant sensors in the plasma membrane, suggesting that these are major contributors to hyperplasia.
La poda de tallos y racimos florales afecta la producción de frutos de lulo (Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale)
Authors: Ardila Gustavo H. , Fischer Gerhard , García Juan Camilo
Published: September 2015

La poda en el cultivo de lulo ha sido poco estudiada en procura de aumentar la producción, siendo esta una de las especies frutales con mayor potencialidad en Colombia. Con el fin de encontrar la poda que origina el mayor número de frutos, rendimiento e ingreso bruto se evaluaron plantas en el municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 3x3+1, en donde el primer factor correspondió al número de tallos por planta (3, 4 y 5) y el segundo fue el número de racimos por planta (20, 30 y 40), más un testigo sin poda. Se evaluaron las variables número y peso de frutos (rendimiento) en las diferentes categorías de calidad (extra, primera a quinta), establecidas para este cultivo. Se encontró que las plantas con 20 racimos desarrollaron el menor número de frutos y producción por planta, pero compensado con una proporción alta de frutos en la categoría extra. El testigo produjo el número de frutos más alto (213/planta), pero con la mayor proporción en las categorías de calidades inferiores (tercera a quinta) y, además, el rendimiento de las plantas sin poda (38,6 t ha-1) fue significativamente menor que en las plantas con 30 o 40 racimos, independiente del número de tallos. Podando las plantas a 40 racimos y dejando 4 o 5 tallos, se produjo no solamente el mayor rendimiento de frutos (53,8 y 53,9 t ha-1, respectivamente), sino también el valor comercial más alto de la producción.
7. ANTÍGONA E O ENSINO JURÍDICO: CONVITE À EDUCAÇÃO REFLEXIVA, CRÍTICA, EMANCIPADORA E TRANSFORMADORA
Authors: PETRY Alexandre Torres
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo analisa a obra Antígona a partir do prisma do ensino jurídico. Busca-se demonstrar que as concepções trazidas por Antígona, geralmente ligadas ao surgimento do direito natural, contribuem muito sobre a reflexão do atual estágio do ensino jurídico, o qual não responde aos anseios sociais e necessita de uma mudança paradigmática. Antígona representa uma luta contra a injustiça. O ensino jurídico também deve ser pautado na busca pela erradicação das injustiças. Para que haja essa mudança, necessariamente, o ensino jurídico deve ser pautado numa educação reflexiva, crítica, emancipadora e que leve a transformação social. Ao final, conclui-se que somente a educação que siga estes critérios é que poderá levar a uma verdadeira e efetiva transformação social a fim de combater as desiguales que assolam a sociedade.
HISTÓRIA, MEMÓRIA E GÊNERO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS PRIMEIRAS ALUNAS DA ACADEMIA DA POLÍCIA CIVIL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Casagrande Maria Aparecida , Rabelo Giani
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo abordou o ingresso das primeiras alunas dos cursos de Formação da Academia de Polícia Civil de Santa Catarina (Acadepol/SC) entre os anos de 1967 e 1977, primeira década de existência da Academia. O campo privilegiado para as discussões foram as memórias de mulheres policiais e as experiências pessoais sobre o ingresso na Polícia Civil catarinense. Baseado em documentos e entrevistas com oito mulheres que ingressaram no período mencionado, o estudo apontou situações relativas às relações de gênero na profissão. Percebeu-se que a entrada das mulheres nesse espaço profissional considerado masculino não reforçou as relações de discriminação e preconceito das relações de trabalho, mas desafiou e contribuiu para visibilizar as mulheres em um espaço monopolizado pelos homens
The Impact of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia on Sleep in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jennum Poul , Stender-Petersen Kirstine , Rabøl Rasmus , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Chu Pei-Ling , Madsbad Sten
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this trial was to investigate the impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on sleep patterns (assessed by polysomnography) and counterregulatory hormones.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this single-blinded, crossover trial, 26 subjects with type 2 diabetes attended two experimental night visits (one normoglycemic and one hypoglycemic) in randomized order. Plasma glucose (PG) levels were controlled by hyperinsulinemic glucose clamping. On the hypoglycemic night, hypoglycemia was induced after reaching sleep stage N2 by turning off glucose infusion until the PG target of 2.7−2.8 mmol/L was reached and maintained for 15 min. Thereafter, subjects were brought back to normoglycemia for the rest of the night. On the normoglycemic night, PG was maintained at 5.0−7.0 mmol/L throughout the night.

RESULTS

During the first 4 h of sleep (0−4 h; after reaching sleep stage N2), no difference between experimental nights was observed in the rate of electroencephalography-identified arousals or awakenings, but the rate of awakenings was 27% lower during 4−8 h and 20% lower during 0−8 h on the hypoglycemic night than on the normoglycemic night (both statistically significant). Total sleep time tended to be longer on the hypoglycemic night (observed means 366 vs. 349 min, P nonsignificant). Statistically significantly higher counterregulatory hormonal responses (adrenaline, growth hormone, and cortisol) to hypoglycemia were observed compared with normoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS

Nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes caused a decrease in awakening response in the 4–8-h period following the event. These findings underscore the risks associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia because nocturnal hypoglycemia potentially affects the patient’s ability to wake up and respond with an adequate intake of carbohydrates.
The incidence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella species isolated from cloacae of captive veiled chameleons
Authors: Romero Silvia Barazorda , Knotek Zdeněk , Čížek Alois , Masaříková Martina , Myšková Petra
Published: September 2015

Salmonellacan be present in the intestinal flora of captive reptiles without clinical disease or it can cause life threatening morbidity. The presence of certain species ofSalmonellain reptiles is consistent with them being the source of contamination in some cases of human disease. Thus,Salmonellapositive animals can be a potential public health concern even more when strains acquire resistance to antibiotics. The nature and extent ofSalmonellaharboured by different species of reptiles commonly kept in captivity are not known. The aims of this study were to analyse the incidence ofSalmonellaspecies in cloacae as an indicator of the intestinal flora in a cohort of healthy captive bred female veiled chameleons. A cloacal sample was taken from each of fifteen healthy captive bred, adult female veiled chameleons that were housed at a teaching and research clinic.Salmonellaisolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and positive cases were serotyped by slide agglutination test.Salmonellaorganisms were detected in 12 chameleons. Eighty percent of chameleons harboured 1 of 4 subspecies and serovars ofSalmonella. All strains belonged to the speciesenterica, predominantly subspeciesenterica(91.7 %) and were distributed among 4 different serovars:S.Ago (58.3 %),S.Blijdorp (16.7 %),S.Tennessee (16.7 %) andS.IV 45:g,z51:- (8.3 %). Antibiotic resistance to streptomycin was detected in one of 12Salmonellastrains:S.IV 45:g,z51:-. Our study extended the list ofSalmonellafound in healthy captive animals and included serovarsS.Tennessee andS.IV 45:g,z51:- that have been associated with morbidity in humans.
Comparison of reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for grass carp reovirus
Authors: Yang Shuixian , Wang Kai-Yu , Yang Zexiao
Published: September 2015

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) has been assigned to a newly established Aquareovirus genus in the family of Reoviridae which leads to haemorrhagic disease and extremely high mortality rate in grass carp. In this study, comparison was made between the novel one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of grass carp reovirus. The result indicated that RT-LAMP had × 10 higher sensitivity comparable to RT-PCR. The specificity of the two methods for GCRV detection were both developed successfully by other three aquatic viruses. In the field trial, both RT-PCR and RT-LAMP methods were applied to detect the samples from different infected organs and tissues. The result demonstrated that RT-LAMP had a high accuracy to confirm the diagnosis as well as the RT-PCR. This study showed that the RT-LAMP, compared to the RT-PCR, was simple, time-saving, convenient, but required specificity primers and possibly generated false positive product. Its products, unlike RT-PCR, could not be direcly used in further molecular research after purification. Thus RT-LAMP might be an optimal diagnostic method for rapid and preliminary diagnosis of GCRV infection in resource-limited setting situation.
Evaluation of Pakistani goat breeds for genetic resistance to Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Babar Masroor Ellahi , Hussain Tanveer , Ahmad Muhammad Sarfraz , Ali Akhtar , Abbas Kamran , Ali Muhammad Muddassir
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic resistance of Pakistani goat breeds (Beetal, Teddy, Angora, Nachi) against Haemonchus contortus. In total, 13 animals of each breed, irrespective of sex, were selected. Following artificial infection with 5000 L3 (third stage) larvae of Haemonchus contortus to each animal, susceptibility and resistance of each breed was then assessed on the basis of body weight, feacal egg counts, packed cell volume and FAMACHA system on days 0, 28, 35, and 42. Variation in response of all goat breeds to H. contortus was observed. Better resistance was observed in Teddy and Beetal breeds (P < 0.05) followed by Nachi and Angora breeds. Genetic diversity was noted among these four goat breeds which could be explored further to minimize the use of anthelmintics and to exploit the genetic potential of the different goat breeds.
Plasma amylin concentration in suckling goat neonates and its relationship with C-reactive protein, selected biochemical and hormonal indicators
Authors: Guzel Saime , Belenli Deniz , Yibar Artun
Published: September 2015

Amylin is a recently discovered neuropeptide hormone that belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide family. It is co-secreted with insulin in response to feed intake. In goat kids, neonatal mortality and morbidity seems to be relatively higher than in other farm species. This high mortality and morbidity in goat kids may be associated with underdeveloped metabolism and immune system during the first week of life. The main objectives of this study were to determine amylin concentration and its relationship with some hormones, biochemical indicators and with a general inflammatory marker, CRP (C-reactive protein) in goat neonates. Blood samples were collected from 30 Saanen goat neonates at 20–35 days of age. Plasma amylin and other hormone concentrations were measured by ELISA, whereas serum biochemical indices were analysed by spectrophotometry. The mean values of plasma amylin concentrations were 9.07 ± 0.25 pmol/l. Plasma amylin concentrations were positively correlated with plasma non-esterified fatty acids, CRP, prolactin, cortisol, insulin; however, a negative correlation was determined between plasma amylin and serum triglyceride concentrations. The current study suggests that amylin contents are strongly associated with circulating concentrations of some hormones and with those of CRP in Saanen goat kids.
Haematological and blood biochemical alterations associated with respiratory disease in calves
Authors: Šoltésová Helena , Nagyová Veronika , Tóthová Csilla , Nagy Oskar
Published: September 2015

Respiratory diseases of cattle, particularly in young animals, represent the most important health and economic problem of cattle rearing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes of selected blood indices in 25 calves aged 2–9 months suffering from etiologically undifferentiated chronic respiratory diseases. Blood samples were analysed for haematological indices and selected serum biochemistry variables. The results found in sick animals were compared with results from 25 healthy animals of the same age, housing and feeding system. Significant differences in means between the groups of clinically healthy and sick calves were found in 13 out of 24 evaluated indicators. In sick animals we found significantly higher mean concentrations of haemoglobin and total number of white blood cells (P< 0.05 andP< 0.01, respectively), as well as higher mean activity of AST and LDH (P< 0.01), concentrations of total proteins and total immunoglobulins (P< 0.001). Significantly lower mean values were recorded in the serum concentrations of albumin, creatinine and glucose (P< 0.001), as well as in the concentration of Mg (P< 0.01), P (P< 0.001), Fe and Zn (P< 0.05). The presented results suggest the effect of respiratory diseases in calves on several changes of haematological and selected serum biochemical indicators. They indicate that respiratory diseases did not lead only to direct disturbance of gas exchange and acid-base balance, but they also indirectly affect some other variables of blood biochemistry.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as a potential source of nutraceutics and its therapeutic possibilities - a review
Authors: Krejcarová Jana , Straková Eva , Suchý Pavel , Herzig Ivan , Karásková Kateřina
Published: September 2015

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is in the focus of interest mainly for its positive effects on health of both human and animal organisms. The whole plant of sea buckthorn and especially its berries are a source of a large number of different bioactive compounds. The greatest attention has been drawn to its high content of vitamins, minerals, natural antioxidants, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, and proteins. Sea buckthorn is valued for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant effects. Due to these and other positive effects, the plant is included in both human and animal nutrition, in the latter case to increase the biological value of animal products. This review summarises the botanical characteristics of sea buckthorn, lists the bio-active substances contained in individual parts of the plant, their effects in the prevention of a number of different diseases and their possible utilisation in human and animal nutrition.
Cattle tissues as a source of cadmium for consumers
Authors: Ruprich Jiří , Drápal Jiří , Řehůřková Irena , Šťastný Kamil , Kalivodová Martina
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the analytical results and time trends of the content of cadmium in muscle, liver, and kidney samples of young bovine animals and cows slaughtered in the Czech Republic during the years 1993–2010, and to estimate the total dietary exposure for the entire population aged 4–90 years and specifically, for children at the age of four to six years. Analyses showed that the arithmetic means of cadmium concentration in cow kidney and liver are higher than in young bovine (P < 0.0001), but not in muscle (P = 0.227). The mean cadmium concentration in cow kidney (0.595 mg·kg-1) was twice as high as in young bovine kidney (0.285 mg·kg-1) for the entire studied period. The mean concentration of cadmium in cow liver (0.113 mg·kg-1) was higher compared to young bovine liver (0.078 mg·kg-1). The mean concentration of cadmium in cow muscle (0.008 mg·kg-1) was comparable with young bovine muscle (0.006 mg·kg-1). The evaluation of time trends showed increasing concentrations of cadmium for cow (increasing slaughtering age) and young bovine kidney and decreasing concentrations for cow and young bovine muscle, but no significant change for liver. The estimated Cd burden of the entire population is worthy of attention (10% were over the tolerable dose of 2.5 μg·kg-1 body weight and week). For more than 50% of four to six-year-old children the burden exceeded the tolerable weekly intake. The contribution of food belonging to the group of meat and meat products, including cattle tissues, to usual cadmium exposure is only 5%. Nevertheless, the food safety recommendation is not to consume cow kidney as food.
Histochemical muscle fibre characteristics of German Heath lamb meat
Authors: Fantová Milena , Ptáček Martin , Michnová Klára , Nohejlová Lenka , Ducháček Jaromír
Published: September 2015

Histochemical characteristics of muscle were evaluated in 12 German Heath lambs (6 males and 6 females). The lambs were slaughtered at the age of 150 days and samples of musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis and quadriceps femoris were collected and measurements of fibre cross sectional area (µm2), diameter (µm2), and perimeter (µm2) were performed. Subsequently the fibre type distribution (%) was calculated. The dataset was evaluated using SAS 9.3. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) cross sectional area, diameter, and perimeter attributes were observed in females compared to males. Significant differences (P < 0.05 to 0.01) were observed in fibre type distribution between musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis and quadriceps femoris muscle. The presented study describes evaluation of morphological formation of skeletal muscle tissue performed on a sheep breed of German origin. The results may be useful for meat scientists or meat industry due to close connection of these characteristics to meat quality.
Early pain management after periodontal treatment in dogs – comparison of single and combined analgesic protocols
Authors: Raušer Petr , Janalík Petr , Klimešová Martina , Marková Magdaléna , Stehlík Ladislav , Fichtel Tomáš
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effectiveness of three analgesic protocols in dogs undergoing a periodontal treatment. The study was performed as a prospective, randomized, “double blind” clinical study. A total of 45 client-owned dogs scheduled for periodontal treatment were included. Dogs of Group C received carprofen (4 mg·kg-1), dogs of Group B received bupivacaine (1 mg·kg-1) and dogs of Group CB received a combination of carprofen (4 mg·kg-1) and bupivacaine (1 mg·kg-1). Carprofen was administered subcutaneously 30 min before anaesthesia, bupivacaine was administered by nerve blocks in anaesthetized dogs. Painful periodontal treatment was performed in all patients, lasting up to one hour. Modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS), Visual Analogue Scale for pain assessment (VAS), plasma glucose and serum cortisol levels were assessed 30 min before administration of analgesics (C-0, B-0, CB‑0) and 2 h after recovery from anaesthesia (C-2, B-2, CB-2). For statistical analysis Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA and Fischer exact tests were used (P< 0.05). In CB‑2 compared to CB‑0 significantly decreased modified UMPS values. In CB‑2 UMPS values were significantly lower compared to C‑2 or B‑2. In C‑2 VAS values were significantly increased compared to C‑0, and in B‑2 VAS values were significantly increased compared to B‑0. Visual Analogue Scale values were significantly lower in CB‑2 compared to C‑2 or B‑2. Significantly increased plasma glucose concentrations were found in C‑2 compared to C‑0 and in B‑2 compared to B‑0. No other significant differences were detected. Administration of carprofen, bupivacaine or their combination is sufficient for early postoperative analgesia following periodontal treatment. Carprofen-bupivacaine combination is superior to carprofen or bupivacaine administered separately.
How Can Placement Policy Improve Math Remediation Outcomes? Evidence From Experimentation in Community Colleges
Authors: Ngo Federick , Melguizo Tatiana
Published: September 2015

Changing placement policy may help to improve developmental education student outcomes in community colleges, but there is little understanding of the impacts of these reforms. We take advantage of heterogeneous placement policy in a large urban community college district in California to compare the effects of math remediation under different policy contexts. District colleges either switched from using math diagnostics to using computer-adaptive tests, or raised placement cutoffs. We use quasi-experimental methods to identify the impact of remediation under each policy and the change in impact following placement policy experimentation. We find that switching to a computer-adaptive test exacerbated the penalty of remediation for marginal students and resulted in more placement errors. Modestly raising placement cutoffs had no significant effects.
RNA: DNA Ratio and Growth Performance of Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Fed Varied Proportion of Protein Diet during Intensive Aquaculture
Authors: Labh Shyam Narayan
Published: September 2015

An experiment was conducted at Corona of Agriculture (COA)”, Gunjanagar-3, Chitwan, Nepal to complete a project granted by University Grant Commission (UGC), Second Higher Education Project (SHEP) in 2013. Four (average 380 m2) ponds (W, X, Y and Z) with four different diets as D1 (20%), D2 (30%), D3 (40%) and D4 (50%) protein contents were used to conduct the experiment properly to determine the varied proportion of dietary protein on the growth performance of major carp rohu Labeo Rohita (H) in relation with RNA: DNA ratio. After 12th weeks of culture, average length, average weight and specific growth rate of fish were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in the carp with D3 and D4 diet fed fish. Similar results were observed in average total protein, albumin and globulin contents. RNA content increased rapidly with age. The average RNA content increased highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish while, DNA content were highest in D3 diet fed fish.  RNA: DNA ratio was recorded highest in D2 and D3 diet fed fish. RNA: DNA ratio, an indicator of protein synthesis and have been used to accurately estimate the growth rate and feeding condition of fish hence, as the dose of protein increased RNA and DNA contents also increased with age of carp cultured during experiment. Thus, it was clear from this study that the incorporation of protein in diet enhances the growth of fish regardless of species weight groups and the doses, as the average weight of fish was significantly lower in control diet fed fish as compared to the treated one.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment in Male Teachers at Elementary Schools in Quchan in Academic Year of 2013-2014
Authors: Pur Farkhani Morteza Rajab , Saremi Hamid
Published: September 2015

This study aims at investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment in male teachers of elementary schools in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. This is an applied research. Since the researcher sought to study the relationship between the two components, this is correlation research. Considering the variables studied, statistical population was all male teachers in grades three and four at primary school in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. Total number of teachers obtained from Quchan Department of Education was 98 and due to the small size of study population, sampling wasn't performed and the sample was considered equal to the population. Data collection tools were Meyer and Allen's organizational commitment questionnaire and Siberia Schering's emotional intelligence questionnaire. Having completed the questionnaires, the researcher used mean central statistical indicators and standard deviation dispersion measures and variance for data analysis in descriptive statistics level and in inferential statistics level, they used multivariate linear regression statistic method.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between total emotional intelligence and total organizational commitment. There was also a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and its components and affective organizational commitment; however, there was not a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and continuance and normative commitments.The findings indicated that emotional intelligence has been effective in maintaining and improving organizational commitment and it is necessary to consider it to ensure organizational commitment of teachers, especially at primary school.
Investigating of Radiation Absorption and Use Efficiency in Intercropping of Wheat and Canola
Authors: Karimian Kolsoum , Ghorbani Reza , Koochaki Ali-Reza , Asadi Ghorban-Ali
Published: September 2015

In order to investigate RAE and RUE in alternative intercropping of wheat-canola, an experiment was carried out in a field located in Shirvan in 2013-2014. The experiment plan was arranged in factorial-RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments included 3 different ratio of density (for wheat T1=250, T2=300 and T3=350; for canola C1=80, C2=100 and C3=120 plant/m2) and 7 planting ratios (D0=canola monoculture, D1=25:75(wheat:canola), D2=50:50, D3=75:25 and D4=wheat monoculture). The results showed that density of planting ratio and their interactions had a significant effects on absorption efficiency, seed yield and RUE . In intercropping treatments, seed yield of canola was more than monoculture, but it was less than of wheat monoculture. The more seed yield of wheat was gained from T2 in monoculture (1165.62 g/m2). RUE was affected by the different intercropping patterns. The value of RUE in intercropping was more than one in monoculture of both species. The best results of planting combination were gained T2C2D2 with 1.91 g/m2.Mj RUE for wheat and T2C2D1 with 1.24 g/m2.Mj RUE for canola.
New Look on Training the General Physics
Authors: Safarov Nakhchivan Yusub ogly
Published: September 2015

In this paper the System of training the General Physics with a unified approach is construed. The technique of creation of this pedagogical system is explained. Having established analogy between elements of system and elements of a natural tree, training process is designed in the form of the natural tree (“Training tree”).The analogy of evolutions of the "Training Tree” and a natural tree have been established. A synergism of the developed training system is shown, it is established that it adequately meets the criteria of the training technology.
Education in Azerbaijan: New Stage of Literary Social Thought
Authors: Maharramov Ziyaddin
Published: September 2015

In the XIX century in all Caucasus Azerbaijanians most densely lived in the Western Azerbaijan. The originality material and moral riches, folklore literature, art, a mass school network, monuments of art, architecture differed.  At the same time, the Azerbaijanians living in the Western Azerbaijan were an example of preservation and enrichment of our literary language, our religion, our customs and traditions, not marriages with other nationality.  In the XIX century in Azerbaijan, in its Western part, school business and education developed.  With opening here for people education in row settlements of the country of schools, along with national language, Russian studying didn't remain unaddressed also.In article educational activity such Azerbaijani and intellectuals as, JalilMamedkulizade, Firudin bey Kocharli, etc. is investigated.
Molecular Detection of Candidatus Phytoplasma Trifolii Associated with Little Leaf of Brinjal from Kerala State of Southern India
Authors: Yadav Vandana , Mahadevakumar S , Janardhana GR , Amruthavalli C , Sreenivasa MY
Published: September 2015

rinjal is an important vegetable crop grown worldwide. A field survey conducted during 2012 in Kerala state of South India, the little leaf disease affected brinjal plant was observed in one of the home gardens located at Nemmara (Palakkad district). The diseased and healthy samples were collected; genomic DNA was isolated and 16SrRNA gene amplified by performing nested PCR using universal primers pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 respectively. The association of Phytoplasma was detected in all the three symptomatic brinjal samples and in Phytoplasma affected Periwinkle used as positive control. An expected amplicon size of 1250bp from nested PCR was purified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis (nBLAST) of 1250bp fragment of sequence KL-50(KP027530) revealed 97% similarity with Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii (JX104336). Phylogenetic analysis and study of virtual RFLP gel pattern of the sequence also revealed the association of Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii.
Security Challenges in Central Asia
Authors: Burnashev Rustam
Published: September 2015

Du point de vue de l’analyse structurale basée sur la théorie du complexe de sécurité régionale, l’article analyse la question de savoir comment quelque chose devient une question de sécurité en Asie centrale. L’Asie centrale est considérée comme une formation régionale non structurée, ou « quasi-complexe de sécurité », dans laquelle les préoccupations de sécurité traditionnelles, telles que les rivalités inter-étatiques et le dilemme de sécurité, ne sont que partiellement applicables. Une telle situation donne lieu à des problèmes de sécurité liés à un manque de coordination entre les pays d’Asie centrale. Dans le même temps, les principales menaces et défis dans les pays d’Asie centrale sont essentiellement de nature interne, et sont la conséquence directe d’un État faible. Aux niveaux inter-régional et mondial, les défis de sécurité sont déterminés par le caractère périphérique de l’Asie centrale et par la transformation de la perception du droit international.
One Size Fits None: Is there a Regional Approach to Central Asia?
Authors: Plottka Julian
Published: September 2015

L’article examine la question de savoir si la politique de l’UE à l’égard de l’Asie centrale devrait suivre une approche régionale ou bilatérale. D’abord, il fait le point sur les politiques de l’UE dans la région et analyse les politiques pour lesquelles les approches régionales et bilatérales ont été appliquées. Sur la base de l’analyse des autres contributions à ce numéro spécial et de l’analyse de l’auteur, l’article se penche sur six priorités (promotion de la démocratie, jeunesse et éducation, économie, énergie et transports, eau et environnement, sécurité), et examine les défis principaux dans ces domaines. Il conclut avec une proposition afin de mieux les aborder sur trois plans : avec une approche bilatérale, une approche régionale ou une approche régionale plus large, incluant d’autres acteurs internationaux actifs dans la région.
Les avatars du libéralisme culturel
Authors: Chanel Armand
Published: September 2015

Cet article 1  est d’abord un travail de vulgarisation. Il tente de porter à la connaissance du plus grand nombre l’état actuel des recherches sur le concept de libéralisme culturel apparu dans les années 1980, en particulier sur l’une de ses trois dimensions, le libéralisme des mœurs. Il essaie à ce titre de respecter le plus possible les nombreux travaux de recherches mobilisés sur cette thématique, en tentant cependant d’en faire une synthèse pédagogique.
La conservation des images en mouvement
Authors: Cherchi Usai Paolo
Published: September 2015

La conservation des images en mouvement s’est développée dans un certain isolement par rapport aux autres disciplines liées à la conservation du patrimoine culturel. Ce phénomène est principalement dû à la courte histoire du médium et au fait que la conservation des films n’est devenue un objet d’étude scientifique qu’au cours des dernières décennies. Il y a cependant d’autres raisons qui vont de la perception populaire du cinéma et de la vidéo comme expression de l’industrie du divertissement, à la croyance que les supports des images animées appartiennent à un « art de la reproduction » et ne possèdent pas le caractère d’unicité justifiant la conservation accordée aux autres artefacts. La transition des films photographiques analogiques aux médias numériques a à la fois exacerbée et contredit cette appréhension : alors que les images numériques en mouvement peuvent apparemment être reproduites indéfiniment, les éléments physiques produits avant l’ère du numérique sont en train d’acquérir le statut d’objets uniques qui leur était précédemment refusé. Cet article fait la proposition d’’inclure la conservation des films dans le contexte global de la préservation du patrimoine culturel par le biais d’une collaboration renforcée entre les conservateurs des images en mouvement et les spécialistes des autres domaines.
La guillotine et le pressoir
Authors: Szczepanska Ania
Published: September 2015

« Je voudrais tout simplement que nous en discutions de manière plus personnelle, je ne pose pas ces questions en tenant le rôle de la guillotine administrative ! » Ces paroles sont extraites d’un rapport de la commission de validation des films, étape obligée avant l’obtention du visa d’exploitation en Pologne populaire. Grâce à ces retranscriptions, conservées à la Filmothèque de Varsovie, nous avons accès à une vitrine semi-officielle de la politique cinématographique du Parti, à destination des professionnels du cinéma. Ces archives témoignent également de l’atmosphère particulière qui régnait de ces débats parfois enflammés, animés autant par les professionnels du cinéma, membres des commissions, que par les représentants des institutions cinématographiques. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les causes des discordes entre les membres des commissions, mais également la rhétorique particulière dans laquelle se drapait la censure des films.
De la Terre à la Lune
Authors: Albera François , Forestier Laurent Le , Turquety Benoît
Published: September 2015

La récente restauration du Voyage dans la Lune de Georges Méliès (1902) a suscité une série de discussions, commentaires et controverses dans le milieu des archives cinématographiques, des chercheurs en histoire du cinéma et plus largement dans le public. À partir de ce cas particulier, des questions plus générales se posent autour du statut de tels films à la fois comme biens culturels et comme objets physiques appartenant au patrimoine. Un texte de deux spécialistes de Méliès, de l’archive détentrice de la copie-source, conduisent à poser d’autres questions en amont : le Voyage dans la Lune a-t-il fait l’objet d’une « invention » comme chef-d’œuvre majeur de son auteur, Méliès et quand ? On doit remonter pour cela au gala Méliès de 1929, à la correspondance de Méliès au sujet de ce film en 1937, et s’interroger sur les philosophies de la conservation qui ont prévalu entre temps (propos d’Henri Langlois de 1962).
Jacques-Bernard Brunius, pionnier du film de montage
Authors: Greene Nathaniel
Published: September 2015

Des sept films documentaires réalisés par Jacques-Bernard Brunius dans les années 1930, seul Violons d’Ingres (1939) a fait l’objet d’une certaine attention parmi les historiens du cinéma. Un regard documenté sur l’histoire de ses autres films de la décennie nous révèle un cinéaste original, poursuivant certaines pistes balisées par les documentaristes d’avant-garde de la fin de l’époque muet – notamment le film de montage – tout en cherchant à faire évoluer le genre à l’heure du parlant. Une attention particulière est portée à Autour d’une évasion (1934), hérité en partie d’un projet non-abouti de Jean Vigo et Records 37 (1937), commandé pour l’Exposition internationale de Paris mais distribué ensuite en salles avec la Grande Illusion de Renoir, en passant par son travail de montage sur la Vie est à nous (1936) du même cinéaste. En conclusion est considérée sa postérité à travers l’influence qu’il a pu avoir sur la génération des documentaristes français d’après-guerre.
Existe-t-il une approche sémiologique de l’esthétique ?
Authors: Lefebvre Martin , Metz Christian
Published: September 2015

Le 3 mai 1971, le sémiologue Christian Metz prononce une conférence au CRDP de Bordeaux lors d’un stage ICAV. C’est l’une de ses rares interventions à prendre directement pour objet des problèmes esthétiques envisagés ici au travers des relations entre sémiologie et esthétique. L’une et l’autre se fondent sur des projets totalement contradictoires qui rendent difficile, voire presque impossible, leur arrimage : la sémiologie est une science qui porte sur des objets (textes et codes) et vise l’universalité et l’objectivité ; l’esthétique ne concerne que le sujet du jugement de valeur et ne peut donc être une science. Elle vise à imposer des normes de goût. Or « former un goût, c’est mutiler le goût ». La sémiologie est d’autant plus étrangère à cette entreprise que sa propre visée est de « démonter » les codes du fait même qu’elle les étudie. Le texte manuscrit préparatoire à cette conférence, retrouvé dans les archives de Metz, est publié ici pour la première fois.
Une approche langagière et interactionnelle de l’argumentation
Authors: Doury Marianne , Plantin Christian
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution repose sur une étude de cas portant sur des soirées électorales télévisées (élection présidentielle française, 2012 ; élections européennes de 2014, en France). Nous observons notamment comment les « faits bruts » (données chiffrées officielles et non contestées) sont orientés discursivement vers une conclusion évaluative spécifique (« c’est un bon score » / « c’est un mauvais score »). En nous adossant à cette analyse, nous explicitons ensuite les options théoriques et méthodologiques qui ont assuré notre démarche, que nous caractérisons comme une approche compréhensive de l’argumentation. Elle est fondée notamment sur la notion de question argumentative déterminant la structure des données qu’il s’agit de représenter (modéliser) et la restitution de l’évaluation aux participants.
Comment exercer une autorité experte ? Un scientifique confronté aux Sceptiques
Authors: Goodwin Jean
Published: September 2015

The primary loyalty of argumentation theory should be to the practical knowledges arguers are exhibiting and thematizing in ordinary argumentative interactions, since such knowledges make the interactions work. In this essay, I show how theorists can learn from practitioners through a close analysis of the argumentologie populaire that emerged in a televised exchange between eminent scientist/communicator Stephen Schneider and an audience of self-described climate sceptics. In part, Schneider proceeds by inviting his audience to join the scientific community. But both Schneider and his audience recognize the limits of this approach; at base, the question is whether laypeople ought to trust scientists’ expertise, and thus also be bound by scientists’ authority. I close by pointing out the ways in which participants' understanding of the appeal to expert authority is more sophisticated than the accounts given by argumentation theorists.
Enfermements et délivrances au Nicaragua : Diario de un preso de Pedro Joaquín Chamorro et La carta de María Lourdes Pallais
Authors: Besse Nathalie
Published: September 2015

Consacré « Héroe Nacional » en 2012, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro (1924-1978), directeur du journal La Prensa et leader charismatique de l’opposition bourgeoise à la dictature d’Anastasio Somoza Debayle, a survécu aux enfermements et aux tortures répétés dans les geôles des trois Somoza qui se sont succédé au pouvoir. Diario de un preso (1961) relate la prison et les audiences après l’expédition échouée de Olama y Mollejones en avril 1959, et dénonce la farce de la Justice.María Lourdes Pallais (1953) est membre de la famille Somoza. Le roman La carta (1996), outre la cause de l’arrestation de la protagoniste trahie par les révolutionnaires, révèle, à l’instar du Diario de Chamorro, d’autres formes d’enfermement.Par-delà leurs différences formelles, ces deux ouvrages se rejoignent sur trois aspects majeurs : la représentation de l’enfermement comme une forme de mort intérieure, l’idée selon laquelle l’enfermement est aussi hors les murs et à l’intérieur de soi, la révélation du mensonge redonnant leur sens à des mots eux aussi prisonniers du pouvoir ou de l’idéologie.
L’enfermement dans le roman latino-américain contemporain. Maisons closes de fiction
Authors: Terrones Félix
Published: September 2015

Nous proposons une réflexion consacrée à la représentation de l’enfermement à l’intérieur d’un espace singulier dans le roman latino-américain : la maison close. Pour ce faire, nous nous attarderons sur quatre romans : Juntacadáveres (1964) de l’Uruguayen Juan Carlos Onetti, El lugar sin límites (1965) du Chilien José Donoso, et enfin La Casa Verde (1965) ainsi que Pantaleón y las visitadoras (1973) du Péruvien Mario Vargas Llosa. À partir de l’analyse de ces quatre fictions romanesques, nous mettons en évidence les formes que revêt la réclusion subie par les prostituées, leurs significations textuelles et leurs enjeux. Bien que différents au niveau esthétique, ces quatre romans proposent des cas de rétention que l’on peut rapprocher afin de mieux comprendre les récurrences de cette thématique, ainsi que la façon dont la fiction la décline. Nous montrons enfin que, dans les romans, l’enfermement, et avec lui la représentation de l’ordre patriarcal, n’est pas univoque, mais qu’il est susceptible d’être mis en question, dans une certaine mesure, par les actions des prostituées.
Vacío y apertura. Influencia del arte abstracto, la patrística y el hesicasmo en la obra de Hugo Mujica
Authors: Aguirre Martínez Guillermo
Published: September 2015

Nuevas doctrinas comenzaron a combatir el exceso de racionalización de principios del siglo xx, caso de la Teosofía y la Antroposofía –de relevancia notoria en creadores plásticos abstractos de la época como Mondrian o Kandinsky. La imposibilidad de encauzar las preocupaciones espirituales dentro de un sistema religioso asentado encontrará en las manifestaciones artísticas un campo propicio para dar cabida a todo tipo de indagaciones personales al margen de las constricciones propias de un afán de ortodoxia. Desde el punto de fuga posibilitado por la creación estética a través de la abstracción, hallamos el establecer relaciones entre la experiencia religiosa y la experiencia poética tal y como la desarrolla la obra de Hugo Mujica: una aventura del desierto, una huida del mundo, a través de un espacio de reclusión como medio idóneo de aislamiento.La reclusión, desde luego, se invertirá en términos teológicos transformándose en apertura hacia lo divino. Su búsqueda radical de espacios de epifanía, implica un rechazo hacia lo oclusivo, hacia lo encerrado en sí mismo, pues en el palpitar de las cosas Mujica hallará la posibilidad de abrirse a la totalidad.La vía hesicasta se presenta como medio de acercamiento a Dios, de interiorización de Dios, a través del cumplimiento de una serie de pasos rigurosamente observados y conducidos por un superior maestro en la materia. Aquí la apuesta es la apertura hacia un orden vital interior y un permanecer cerrado hacia todo cuanto impida la entrada en el silencio, hacia aquello que imposibilite el habla del silencio obstaculizando en consecuencia la relación estrecha del orante con Dios. Sólo en la cercanía de lo sensible el poeta se adentrará en lo trascendental en la medida en que sustituye el encerramiento del mundo a través de nuestros sistemas de signos por una realidad llegada hasta nosotros como por vez primera.
Hermetismo y encierro: raíces y derivas de la poesía contemporánea
Authors: Dobry Edgardo
Published: September 2015

En la poesía latinoamericana de las últimas décadas en América Latina, y en particular en el Cono Sur, persiste la tensión entre el polo hermético y el coloquial; pero en las ocasiones más interesantes, como en «Carta abierta», de Alejandro Rubio, esa tensión aparece dentro mismo del poema, y queda sin resolver. El presente trabajo busca las raíces de ese fenómeno, recorriendo la forma en que, desde Alfonso Reyes a José Lezama Lima y Severo Sarduy, la lectura de Góngora queda anudada a la de Mallarmé, estableciendo una nueva deriva del hermetismo que va a dar en el neobarroco y en el «neobarroso» de Néstor Perlongher.
Adjusting practices to aims in integrated language learning and disciplinary learning
Authors: Shaw Philip
Published: September 2015

It is important to define the purpose of not teaching a university course in the local L1. We must distinguish between teaching content in a second language because L1 is impractical for some reason, and teaching content and a second language simultaneously with L2 improvement as a course aim. The former demands lingua-franca practices aimed at maximally efficient communication (rather than maximally correct or elaborate language). The latter demands practices more allied to language teaching aimed at developing the particular skills that have been identified as expected learning outcomes. Appropriate practices are suggested.
L’aide linguistique dans l’approche de l’EMILE : pour un équilibre entre compétences langagières et disciplinaires
Authors: Rodrigues Christine , Wigham Ciara R.
Published: September 2015

Dans la pédagogie de l’Enseignement d’une matière par l’intégration d’une langue étrangère (EMILE), la correction apportée par les enseignants porte généralement sur la matière abordée plutôt que sur la langue (Dalton-Puffer 2008), malgré la nécessité d’une prise en compte des compétences tant disciplinaires que linguistiques (Coyle, Hood & Marsh 2010). Notre article étudie dans quelle mesure un dispositif utilisant le web 2.0 permet de ne pas négliger la correction linguistique. Le contexte concerne une formation EMILE intégrant le monde synthétique Second Life pour des étudiants en architecture qui devaient construire un modèle architectural en utilisant la langue-cible (anglais ou français). Nous analysons l’apport de séances réflexives (avec l’aide de tutrices de langue) aux présentations orales des modèles. Les résultats montrent que les interventions correctives ont parfois été réutilisées lors des présentations, et qu’une analyse plus fine des difficultés linguistiques en amont est nécessaire afin d’aider les apprenants suivant leurs besoins spécifiques.