bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU English Terms Including the Word Market and Their French and Lithuanian Equivalents
Authors: Smirnova Oksana , Rackevičienė Sigita
Published: February 2018

Translation of terminology is an essential factor and often a challenging task in the translation of legal acts. Various databases are available to facilitate the translation process and ensure its quality. The main inter-institutional terminology database of the European Union is IATE (“Inter Active Terminology for Europe”). The aim of the paper is to conduct a contrastive analysis of a group of English, French and Lithuanian economic terms based on the information provided in IATE. The object chosen for the research is the English, Lithuanian and French multi-word terms including the word market. In total, 266 terms were collected from IATE: 90 English terms and their equivalents in French and Lithuanian. The paper presents a classification of the terms into semantic categories according to various aspects of markets (object of the market, place of the market, duration of the market availability, degree and nature of competition among the market participants, production stage of the items offered in the market, etc.), compares the formal structure of the English terms and their French and Lithuanian equivalents and reveals the tendencies of term formation in the investigated languages. Finally, the paper discusses the problem of synonymy of the terms and the data provided in the term entries of IATE.
CLIL Teacher Competences and Attitudes
Authors: Vilkancienė Lilija , Rozgienė Inga
Published: February 2018

The paper presents the findings of the research carried out among the participants of the project ”Development of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Education” (2011-2013) that aimed to upgrade the competences of subject teachers enabling them to implement content and foreign language integrated learning approach in general education and vocational training. The data obtained through a survey indicates that the project participants developed a positive attitude towards the CLIL approach and positively assess the competences acquired during the programme. European Framework for CLIL Teacher Education proves to be a useful tool when designing training courses for specific target groups of qualified content teachers and a fifty hours' programme seems to be adequate to get acquainted with the fundamentals of CLIL. The project participants were most positive about their CLIL methodology competence development during the project and ability to identify appropriate subject content for teaching by using the CLIL approach. The weakest point identified by the participants involves languagerelated issues, such as ability to support language learning in content, balancing the target language used between the learners' and teacher's linguistic ability, and overall insufficiency of linguistic competences. One more issue indicated by the respondents is the absence of standards, guidance and administrative support, as well as quality assurance (content delivery, materials and assessment) in CLIL.
New excavations at Tappeh Asiab, Kermanshah Province, Iran
Authors: Darabi Hojjat , Richter Tobias , Mortensen Peder
Published: February 2018

The site of Tappeh Asiab in Iran is one of only a handful of Early Neolithic sites known from the Zagros Mountains. Discovered during Robert Braidwood's ‘Iranian Prehistory’ project, the site has seen limited publication of its early excavations. Here, the authors challenge some of the initial assumptions made about the site by discussing the first findings of renewed excavations, in the hope of substantially improving our currently limited knowledge of the Early Neolithic in this region.
Implementing self-administration of insulin in hospital: a journey of discovery and innovation. Part 1: Culture and storage
Authors: Rowse Vicki L
Published: February 2018

AbstractPatients with diabetes routinely manage their insulin at home, but when they are admitted to hospital it is common practice to take their insulin away and store it in the ward fridge. Medicines rounds and mealtimes are poorly aligned and, as a result, patients can have delayed doses and increased hypo- and hyperglycaemic episodes. Best practice states that patients should be offered self-administration of insulin, but it is not routine in most trusts. This paper reports on a project to increase the number of patients assessed and supported to administer their insulin in hospital, the reasons why the project was initially unsuccessful and the challenges of changing culture and beliefs around insulin administration. A second paper discusses steps taken to support changes in hospital trusts.
Adult female with symptomatic AVPR2-related nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD)
Authors: Hague Jennifer , Casey Ruth , Bruty Jonathan , Legerton Tom , Abbs Stephen , Oddy Susan , Powlson Andrew S , Majeed Mohamed , Gurnell Mark , Park Soo-Mi , Simpson Helen
Published: February 2018

Activating mutations in AVPR2 are associated with nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD). NSIAD causes hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality and clinical symptoms, which may present from birth or in infancy and include hypotonia, irritability, vomiting and/or seizures. Symptoms in later life are often less specific and include malaise, dizziness, confusion, tiredness and headache. NSIAD is a rare X-linked condition, which is associated with a variable phenotype in males, of whom some present in infancy but others do not become symptomatic until adulthood, or occasionally, never. Female carriers may present with episodes of hyponatremia, usually found incidentally. Literature in this field is limited; namely, two clinical reports describing a female proband, both diagnosed in infancy. We describe, for the first time, the case of an adult female proband with NSIAD, who had longstanding associated symptoms of tiredness, headache, temporary memory loss and mood changes as well as hyponatremia and decreased serum osmolality. A water load test demonstrated an inability to dilute urine and gene sequencing confirmed a recurrent activating mutation in AVPR2. The variant was inherited from the proband’s mother who had had longstanding episodes of transient asymptomatic hyponatremia. This is the third report of a female proband with NSIAD and is the first female reported who sought medical treatment for chronic symptoms from adulthood. This case acts as a reminder of the importance of considering NSIAD as a diagnosis in females of all ages with unexplained hyponatremia.

Learning points:

Activating mutations in the AVPR2 gene are associated with the rare X-linked condition nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.

NSIAD is associated with hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality and inappropriately increased urinary osmolality. Early clinical symptoms in infancy include hypotonia, irritability, vomiting and/or seizures. Symptoms in later life include malaise, dizziness, confusion, tiredness and headache.

NSIAD should be considered in female, as well as male, patients who present with unexplained hyponatremia and decreased serum osmolality. Family history may reveal relevant symptoms or biochemical features in other family members. However, family history may not always be informative due to the variable nature of the condition or if the proband has a de novo pathogenic variant.

A water load test with measurement of AVP may be informative in distinguishing NSIAD from SIADH. Measurement of co-peptin levels may be considered, in substitution for direct measurement of AVP.

Patients with NSIAD should be counseled about appropriate daily fluid volume intake. Potential episodes of fluid overload should be avoided.
Profesionalidad médica en el capitalismo tardío: percepciones de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Chile
Authors: Pesse-Sorensen Karen
Published: February 2018

Introducción. La profesionalidad médica está en crisis por la transición desde el libre ejercicio a ser empleados de corporaciones que manejan todo lo relacionado con salud con criterios correspondientes al modelo socioeconómico imperante, permeando la conceptualización y prácticas del ejercicio profesional. Objetivos. Describir cómo los estudiantes de medicina perciben su profesionalidad, identificando factores contextuales que la modulan e implicaciones sobre su vida profesional y personal. Diseño. Investigación cualitativa enmarcada en un estudio del aporte del internado rural a la formación médica. Participantes. Estudiantes del último año de la carrera de medicina. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Intervenciones. Se realizaron quince entrevistas semiestructuradas a estudiantes del último año de la carrera en medicina, aplicando análisis narrativo de contenidos e interpretación de significados. Principales medidas de resultados. Percepción de su profesionalidad. Resultados. Existió fuerte tensión entre los valores y principios del ejercicio de la profesión médica y los condicionantes institucionales y contextuales de su práctica. Los entrevistados asumieron responsablemente la búsqueda de soluciones para los motivos de consulta de sus pacientes, desarrollando estrategias individuales orientadas a vencer las limitaciones del sistema y manejar la frustración experimentada. Conclusiones. Conocer cómo los futuros médicos viven e intentan sobrellevar las contradicciones entre su profesionalidad y la realidad laboral evidencia la necesidad de modificar la formación médica. Se propone que lo colectivo se convierta en sustrato y mecanismo de este cambio.
Agotamiento profesional: prevalencia y factores asociados en médicos y enfermeras en siete regiones del Perú
Authors: Solís-Cóndor Risof , Tantalean-del Águila Martín , Burgos-Aliaga Rosa , Chambi-Torres Javier
Published: February 2018

Introducción. El agotamiento profesional es un síndrome clínico multicausal considerado un daño laboral muy importante, por lo que debe ser identificado y analizado en profesionales de la salud dado su rol en la sociedad. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al agotamiento profesional en médicos y enfermeras en siete departamentos del Perú. Diseño. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Departamentos de Apurímac, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Lima-Callao, Loreto, Piura y San Martín. Participantes. 958 médicos y 840 enfermeras. Intervenciones. Se aplicó encuesta de creación propia que incluía variables sociodemográficas y laborales y la autoaplicación de la prueba de Maslach. El muestreo fue probabilístico, complejo, estratificado y bietápico. El análisis descriptivo usó medidas de tendencia central y porcentajes, mientras que para la asociación se usó las pruebas de chi2, Fisher, Anova y Kruskal-Wallis. El nivel de significancia fue ≤ 0,05. Principales medidas de resultados. Prevalencia de agotamiento profesional. Resultados. La prevalencia de agotamiento profesional fue 5,5%. El 18,7% de participantes tenía un riesgo alto de despersonalización, el 10% cansancio emocional y 32,1% pobre realización personal. Los factores asociados fueron la profesión médico (OR= 2,829), sexo masculino (OR= 2,474), separación familiar (OR= 1,697), insatisfacción con el horario de trabajo (OR= 2,609), enfermedad agravada o causada por el trabajo (OR= 3,120), trabajar en establecimientos nivel II (OR= 2,421) o nivel III (OR= 3,363). Conclusiones. Se encontró asociación entre el agotamiento profesional y la actividad laboral en establecimientos de mayor complejidad, donde la carga emocional por la atención de casos complejos sería mayor; además, la separación familiar o la morbilidad agravada o causada laboralmente son factores estresantes y se encontrarían asociados al mismo.
Riesgo cardiovascular según circunferencia abdominal en peruanos
Authors: Tarqui-Mamani Carolina , Alvarez-Dongo Doris , Espinoza-Oriundo Paula
Published: February 2018

Introducción. El exceso de grasa intraabdominal está relacionado a las alteraciones metabólicas que incrementan el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular según circunferencia abdominal (CA) en peruanos. Diseño. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Perú. Participantes. Peruanos ≥ 12 años de edad. Intervenciones. Muestreo probabilístico, estratificado multietápico. La muestra incluyó 1 191 conglomerados que incluyeron 7 914 viviendas distribuidas en Perú, en 2013-2014. Se evalúo 16 832 habitantes ≥12 años. El riesgo cardiovascular se clasificó en bajo, alto y muy alto. El INS realizó la evaluación de la CA y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) calculó la muestra y ponderaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Riesgo cardiovascular según CA. Resultados. El 50,1% presentó riesgo bajo de enfermedad cardiovascular, 22,8% riesgo alto y 27,1% riesgo muy alto. El riesgo muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue más prevalente en las mujeres (42,5%), que residieron en la zona urbana (30,5%) (p<0,001), Lima Metropolitana (32,6%) y la costa (31,0%) (p<0,001). El riesgo alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue similar entre sexos, siendo más frecuente en la zona urbana (24,3%), Lima Metropolitana (25,1%) y la costa (24,2%). El riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó conforme se incrementó la edad (p<0,001), excepto el riesgo alto que disminuyó en los adultos mayores. El riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó a medida que disminuyó el nivel de pobreza (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La mitad de los peruanos de doce años a más presentaron riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular según la circunferencia abdominal.
Desarrollo embrionario preimplantacional, en ciclos de fecundación in vitro con ovodonación y estudio genético
Authors: Villanueva Pamela , Portella Jimmy , López Rosmary , Chávez Nathaly , Villalobos Amalia , Noriega-Hoces Luis , Guzmán Luis
Published: February 2018

Introducción. Los estudios genéticos preimplantacionales son cada vez más utilizados con la esperanza de conseguir mejores tasas de implantación y nacido vivo, así como una disminución en la tasa de abortos; por ello resulta necesario analizar estos procedimientos. Objetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo preimplantacional in vitro con ovodonación y estudio genético Diseño. Cohortes retrospectivas. Lugar. Laboratorio Pranor, 2008-2013. Material. Ciclos de fecundación in vitro con ovodonación (FIV-OD). Intervenciones. Se evaluaron 2 077 ciclos de FIV-OD, los cuales fueron clasificados en tres cohortes: 1) ciclos con biopsia embrionaria en día 3, mediante una incisión en la zona pelúcida (ZP) embrionaria, para exéresis de  una blastómera (n=527); 2) ciclos con incisión láser en día 4 del desarrollo embrionario, como parte del procedimiento para la biopsia de trofoblasto (n=131); y, 3) ciclos sin intervención (n=1 419). Principales medidas de resultado. Tasa de fecundación, tasa de blastulación. Resultados. No existió diferencia significativa en la tasa de fecundación de las 3 cohortes  (75,0%, 74,6% y 75,9%, respectivamente, p=0,31). La tasa de blastulación en la cohorte 1 fue 42,5%, mientras que en la cohorte 3 fue  47% (RR=1,085; IC=1,051 a 1,120; p<0,0001). Adicionalmente, la cohorte 2 tuvo 51,9%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de prevención del riesgo de no blastular con respecto a la cohorte 3 (RR=0,906; IC=0,851 a -0,965; p=0,0017). Conclusiones. El desarrollo preimplantacional hasta blastocisto puede mejorar cuando se utiliza el láser embrionario en día cuatro. Es necesario realizar más estudios para confirmar nuestros resultados.
Influencia de la integración docente asistencial en la calidad de los servicios de salud del primer nivel de atención y en la formación médica en la Universidad Nacional San Antonio de Abad del Cusco
Authors: Saco-Méndez Santiago Máximo , Zavala-Sarrio Salomón
Published: February 2018

Introducción. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) promueve la formación médica con énfasis en el componente social, a través de la integración docente asistencial (IDA) definida como el proceso de articulación entre instituciones de servicios de salud e instituciones de educación, para contribuir a mejorar las condiciones de vida de la colectividad, mediante la prestación de servicios adecuados a las necesidades reales de la población. Objetivo. Determinar si la integración docente asistencial influye en la mejora de la calidad de los servicios de salud de la comunidad y en la formación integral de los médicos. Diseño. Estudio observacional, descriptivo. Lugar. Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco y establecimientos de salud del primer nivel de atención en comunidades de extrema pobreza del Cusco, Perú. Participantes. Usuarios de los establecimientos de salud, familias de las comunidades, trabajadores de los establecimientos de salud, autoridades locales, y estudiantes internos de medicina. Intervenciones. Aplicación de encuesta de satisfacción a pacientes en relación a la atención recibida en los establecimientos y comunidades donde se implementó la IDA; así mismo, encuestas de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas. Resultados. Las comunidades donde se implementó la IDA mostraron mayor satisfacción por los servicios recibidos, en 48% de los usuarios. Las familias (64%), los trabajadores de los establecimientos de salud (95%), así como las autoridades locales (86%) valoraron como bueno el trabajo realizado por los estudiantes de medicina a través del internado rural. Los estudiantes valoraron el internado rural como contribución a su formación, en 81%. Conclusiones. La IDA contribuyó a mejorar la situación de salud de las comunidades intervenidas, la calidad de los servicios en los establecimientos de salud, e influyó en la formación y desempeño del futuro médico.
Plantas medicinales utilizadas en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la piel en comunidades rurales de la provincia de Los Ríos – Ecuador
Authors: Gallegos-Zurita Maritza , Gallegos-Z Diana
Published: February 2018

Introducción. Las enfermedades de la piel ocupan el tercer lugar dentro de las 10 causas de morbilidad general en Ecuador y las prácticas de la medicina tradicional son las opciones terapéuticas más frecuentes en los sectores rurales. Objetivo. Identificar las plantas medicinales utilizadas para el tratamiento de enfermedades de la piel. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Lugar. Dos parroquias rurales del cantón Babahoyo -Pimocha y Febres-Cordero-, ubicadas al sur de la provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. Participantes. Personas responsables del cuidado de la familia, conformado por 198 mujeres (61,7%) y 123 hombres (38,3%), de edades entre 17 y 76 años. Intervenciones. Previo consentimiento informado, se realizaron observaciones directas, entrevistas y encuestas, en las cuales se utilizó el cuestionario U-PlanMed. Principales medidas de resultados. Especies de plantas y usos terapéuticos. Resultados. Se identificaron 10 especies de plantas y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas en enfermedades como acné, quemaduras, prurito, sarpullido, dermatitis, ulceraciones de la piel (llagas), manchas y cuidado de la piel. Conclusiones. El 100% de la población utilizó plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de afecciones de la piel, siendo las más usadas la Aloe vera (Sábila), Chamaemelum nobile (manzanilla), Melissa officinalis (toronjil) y Scoparia dulcis (teatina).
¿Investigador o epidemiólogo? Por la creación y desarrollo de la especialidad de epidemiología en las ciencias de la salud
Authors: Oyola-García Alfredo Enrique , Quispe Ilanzo Melisa Pamela
Published: February 2018

Señor Editor. El Concejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYTEC) viene desarrollando una reconocida labor por incrementar la producción científica de calidad en nuestro país. Entre otras acciones, ha creado del Directorio Nacional de Investigadores (DINA) y el Registro Nacional de Investigadores en Ciencia y Tecnología (REGINA). Indirectamente, estas acciones han ocasionado que algunos profesionales sanitarios(1) postulen lo siguiente: a) El CONCYTEC define quién es y quién no es un ‘investigador’, y b) Un ‘investigador’ que no publica en revistas indizadas es un teórico y no debe ser denominado como tal. A continuación discutiremos estas dos aseveraciones.
Declaración jurada de autoría y autorización para la publicación del artículo científico
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: February 2018

Declaración jurada de autoría y autorización para la publicación del artículo científico
El índice de densidad del Estado como una categoría para el análisis de la mortalidad infantil en el Perú. Un análisis exploratorio
Authors: Murillo Juan Pablo
Published: February 2018

La mortalidad infantil es uno de los indicadores más sensibles para evaluar las condiciones de vida y bienestar de las poblaciones. Asimismo, es un indicador valioso para analizar el despliegue de las intervenciones en el territorio vinculadas a la salud pública. El estudio propone explorar en qué medida el índice de densidad del Estado es útil para entender el despliegue de la mortalidad infantil en el territorio y contextualizar sus factores asociados. Se destaca que para los datos analizados, en referencia a los valores del Censo del 2007, se observa una limitada relación del índice de densidad del Estado, como variable asociada a la mortalidad infantil, para el periodo de estudio analizado. Se destaca su utilidad como criterio para el análisis de grupos, permitiendo una discriminación más fina de las inequidades y de las características diferenciales asociadas a la mortalidad infantil a nivel provincial.
Información para los Autores - Actualización 2017 (Español, Inglés, Portugués)
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: February 2018

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina es la publicación oficial de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, destinada a la difusión de asuntos de educación, investigación, y temas relacionados a la práctica médica, a la enseñanza universitaria, y al mejoramiento de la Salud Pública.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Gomero Gonzáles Nicko Alberto
Published: February 2018

En estos tiempos de grandes cambios en el mundo, que dicho sea de paso, son más acelerados debido a la combinación tecnología y conocimiento, es de imperiosa necesidad afianzar el proceso de desarrollo que trae consigo la producción científica, la cual debe ser permanente y con una alta dosis para profundizar los cambios y la innovación en todas las áreas del conocimiento.Así como cualquier activo que se deprecia con el tiempo, de igual forma el conocimiento también sigue el mismo camino, pero con la diferencia que este ultimo sufre una depreciación más acelerada, lo que hoy día era una novedad, para mañana simplemente puede quedar en desuso por su poca contribución para generar valor agregado. Bien se podría afirmar que el ciclo de vida del conocimiento ahora es mucho más corto, hecho que se fundamenta en las constantes innovaciones y hallazgos que se derivan de la actividad científica. En el mundo la comunidad científica no se detiene, los nuevos retos que imponen las sociedades exige que la maquinaria científica trabaje permanentemente para tapar las brechas que puedan aparecer en el campo del conocimiento.
POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE MODERNIZACIÓN DE LA GESTIÓN PÚBLICA Y ROL DE LA CONTRALORÍA GENERAL DE LA REPÚBLICA
Authors: Pazos Acosta Lázaro
Published: February 2018

La investigación permitió determinar que la Política de Modernización de la Gestión Pública (PNMGP), no se aplica en las actividades inherentes de la Contraloría General de la República (CGR), no obstante que es de cumplimiento obligatorio por todas las organizaciones del Sector Público para lograr entre otros, acercar el Estado a los ciudadanos. A partir de dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre la relación entre las variables y se utilizó el software SPSS-21 para la prueba estadística del chi cuadrado. En tal sentido, se obtuvieron como principales resultados que no existe una relación entre la PNMGP y el modelo de gestión para la lucha contra la corrupción por parte de la CGR. En este mismo orden y dirección se demuestra que la Contraloría General de República viene actuando con normativa interna no actualizada a la PNMGP que no rinden los frutos para reducir la corrupción, pese que desde el 2009 al 2016 el presupuesto para resultados ha sido incrementado notablemente no logra reducir las deficiencias en las prestaciones de los servicios públicos (salud, educación, transporte, vivienda, entre otras), las cuales terminan incidiendo negativamente en la percepción ciudadana sobre la el desempeño del Estado, debido a que el control gubernamental es ineficiente en menoscabo de los grandes objetivos del milenio que busca poner fin a la pobreza, hambre cero, salud y bienestar, educación de calidad, igualdad de género, agua limpia y saneamiento, entre otros.
EVALUACIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO DE LOS EXPOSITORES EN FERIAS INTERNACIONALES
Authors: Angles Sánchez Enrique
Published: February 2018

Las ferias internacionales son un instrumento de marketing internacional generalmente usadas por las empresas exportadoras. A pesar de sus ventajas, en el caso de las empresas exportadoras peruanas se evidencia una limitada participación como expositores, y las pocas que participan no llegan a evaluar el desempeño de su participación. El presente estudio se orienta a probar si las empresas expositoras evalúan su desempeño ferial principalmente mediante las ventas obtenidas, tal como lo señala la literatura existente. Para ello se trabajó un modelo de desempeño ferial a partir de las ventas. Para el análisis empírico cuantitativo, se aplicó una encuesta específica a expositores peruanos de las dos más importantes ferias de los sectores confecciones, moda y artesanía. Los resultados demostraron que las ventas, a partir de su participación ferial, tienen una correlación positiva y significativa con la evaluación de su desempeño ferial.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Extremely Premature Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Carey William A. , Weaver Amy L. , Mara Kristin C. , Clark Reese H.
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND:

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is increasingly prescribed to extremely premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Most of this off-label use occurs during the first week of life. We studied this practice, hypothesizing that it would not be associated with improved survival.

METHODS:

We queried the Pediatrix Medical Group Clinical Data Warehouse to identify all neonates born at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation from 2004 to 2014. In our study sample, we included singletons who required mechanical ventilation for treatment of RDS and excluded those with anomalies. The primary outcome was death before discharge. Through a sequential risk set approach, each patient who received iNO during the first 7 days of life (“case patient”) was matched by using propensity scores to a patient who had not received iNO at a chronological age before the case patient’s iNO initiation age (defined as the index age for the matched pair). The association between iNO status and in-hospital mortality was evaluated in a Cox proportional hazards regression model by using age as the time scale with patients entering the risk set at their respective index age.

RESULTS:

Among 37 909 neonates in our study sample, we identified 993 (2.6%) who received iNO. The 2 matched cohorts each contained 971 patients. We did not observe a significant association between iNO exposure and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.25; P = .29).

CONCLUSIONS:

Off-label prescription of iNO is not associated with reduced in-hospital mortality among extremely premature neonates with RDS.
Helping those who help others: Building an internal medicine resident wellness program
Authors: Harsh Jennifer S. , Lawrence Tyler , Senne Svien A.
Published: February 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Purpose: Medical residency can be difficult due to challenges such as sleep deprivation, social isolation, high-stress work, and having little control over daily events. Thus, residents often experience high levels of burnout, which is associated with depression, suicidal ideation, and medical errors. Focusing on enhancing wellness and decreasing burnout through implementing a wellness program may help mitigate this problem. The purpose of this article is to provide an outline of a burgeoning wellness program and related interventions carried out by internal medicine residencies. Methods: The authors describe the creation and components of an internal medicine resident wellness program, which includes a retreat, lecture series, mentorship, and evaluation through resident feedback. Results: Feedback suggest that the wellness program has been well received. Respondents noted the benefits of learning strategies to decrease burnout and enhance wellness and have felt validated when hearing about colleagues' burnout and wellness experiences. Wellbeing is now a more commonly initiated topic of discussion. Continual evaluation will be used with the intent of creating an evidence based resident wellness program. Conclusions: Although it requires time, effort, dedication, and organizational support, building a resident wellness program is feasible and a worthwhile endeavor.
The 'Patron Saint' of Comprehensive Education: an interview with Clyde Chitty. Part Two
Authors: Benn Melissa , Martin Jane
Published: February 2018

This is the second and concluding part of the interview which Melissa Benn and Jane Martin conducted with Clyde Chitty in the summer of 2017. The first part appeared in the previous issue of the journal, FORUM, 59(3). When Clyde stepped away from regular duties with the FORUM
board, Michael Armstrong dubbed him 'the patron saint of the movement for comprehensive education'. Clyde talked with Melissa and Jane about his working life as a teacher-researcher who notably campaigned for the universal provision of comprehensive state education. His unshakeable conviction
that education has the power to enhance the lives of all is illustrated by plentiful examples from his work-life history. The interview is structured like a narrative. Phrases or sentences in brackets are interpolations for sense and by way of additional context. The section in italics comes
not from the interview, but from Clyde's chapter in the book edited with Melissa Benn: A Tribute to Caroline Benn: education and democracy. As a coda, we append details of all Clyde's articles for this journal from 1981, beginning characteristically with a piece entitled 'Why Comprehensive
Schools?', along with details of his editorials from 1995.
Ofsted Inspection as Existential Threat
Authors: Richards Colin
Published: February 2018

This article exposes the fear that is at the heart of the Ofsted inspection process. It presents a challenge to Ofsted's Chief Inspector, Amanda Spielman. She must tread carefully if she is to reform Ofsted and our broken accountability system.
Rebuilding Our Schools from the Bottom Up
Authors: Carnie Fiona
Published: February 2018

We live in a democracy and yet our schools are far from democratic. Decisions made by central government, implemented by headteachers and policed by Ofsted are rarely scrutinised or debated by those whose daily lives are significantly affected by them. Little surprise then that there
is so much disenchantment on the part of teachers, disaffection of young people and disengagement by parents, many of whom feel powerless in the face of current education policy. This article explores how schools can transform their culture by strengthening voice, participation and the understanding
of what it means to be part of a learning community. Giving examples of schools where teachers are encouraged to explore new ideas and discuss the challenges they face, where parents are actively involved and supported to help their children, and where young people are genuinely listened to
and able to contribute to decisions about their learning and their school, a new way forward is charted, one which recognises the power of developing a shared sense of purpose and a common vision. It proposes transforming our schools from the bottom up.
Creating Independent Learners: placing students at the heart of the assessment process
Authors: Alden Katie
Published: February 2018

Stanley Park High School, Carshalton, was designated a Building Schools for the Future 'One School Pathfinder' in 2006 and charged with being innovative in all aspects of schooling. At a time of increasing compliance in schools, with an unwillingness to deviate from centrally controlled
orthodoxy for fear of falling foul of ever-tightening accountability measures, Stanley Park High has striven to establish a curriculum which inspires excellence for all students as well as developing an equitable assessment system which enables students to become equal partners in their own
learning.
DESARROLLO DE LAS COMPETENCIAS MATEMÁTICAS EN EL PENSAMIENTO GEOMÉTRICO, A TRAVÉS DEL MÉTODO HEURÍSTICO DE POLYA - Development of mathematical competences in geometric thinking, through Polya's heuristic method
Authors: Sáenz Mass Eliana , Patiño Garcés María , Robles González Juana
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación cuyo propósito fue evaluar la eficacia del método heurístico de Polya (1981), en el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas en el pensamiento espacial. Esta investigación se desarrolló desde el enfoque cuantitativo con diseño cuasi-experimental; se utilizó un test para identificar los desempeños en las competencias de razonamiento, resolución de problemas y comunicación en el pensamiento geométrico en dos grupos de quinto grado de la institución educativa Villa Cielo, del municipio de Montería (Córdoba-Colombia), antes y después de la intervención. Se aplicó una estrategia didáctica en el tema de los sólidos geométricos, teniendo en cuenta los pasos de la resolución de problemas desde el modelo de Polya y la estrategia de trabajo cooperativo. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron mediante prueba estadística T- student. Se evidenció que los estudiantes, después de la intervención, mejoraron significativamente en los desempeños de las competencias, corroborando así la eficacia de la estrategia.
Particle Size Analysis by wet Laser Diffraction for anhydrous food suspensions: Application to sunflower tahini
Authors: MUREŞAN Vlad
Published: February 2018

Particle size is a critical quality parameter of food suspensions, influencing their rheological behaviour, overall stability as well as sensory perception. Sunflower paste was considered an example for a complex food matrix, based on its heterogeneous chemical composition, thus being a representative food model for the oilseed-based products. The aim of this paper was to develop a new method to characterize anhydrous food suspensions particle size distribution (PSD), by using a representative sunflower tahini sample characterized by a broad particle size distribution and coarse appearance. Hexane was selected as bring the appropriate dispersant to measure PSD of sunflower kernel paste. After performing a stirrer rate titration, the stirrer speed of 2400 rpm was proposed. Measurements stability was assessed, overall trimodal PSD curves were overlapping when performing 15 consequently determinations during 30 minutes. The newly developed method is consistent, being confirmed by analysing different fractions obtained by sieving.
Suction caissons in dense sand, part I: installation, limiting capacity and drainage
Authors: Bienen B. , Klinkvort R. T. , O'Loughlin C. D. , Zhu F. , Byrne B. W.
Published: February 2018

Suction caissons are a promising foundation concept for supporting offshore wind turbines. Compared to applications in the oil and gas industry, where most practical experience exists, significant differences arise in terms of load paths and magnitudes, soil type and caisson aspect ratio (skirt length to diameter). In a set of two companion papers, this contribution investigates the response of suction caissons in dense sand through a series of centrifuge experiments. The caisson was installed using suction, followed by sequences of cyclic loading and then extraction, all steps completed continuously in-flight. This first paper discusses installation, limiting capacities and drainage, whereas the second paper focuses on vertical cyclic loading into tension. The work demonstrates that suction caisson installation behaviour is well described by existing calculation methods. Tests performed at different installation rates demonstrate that careful assessment of the pumping rate is needed to ensure successful installation, with low pumping rates resulting in premature refusal. In the centrifuge tests, full skirt penetration was achieved without apparent loosening of the soil plug. The limiting capacity in tension, measured during the testing at both fast and slow uplift rates, was also well described by existing calculation methods.
Book review
Authors: Thurlow Phillip G.
Published: February 2018

Introduction to Earthquake Engineering
A Nairobi experiment in using low cost air quality monitors
Authors: deSouza P , Nthusi V , Klopp JK , Shaw BE , Ho WO , Saffell J , Jones R , Ratti C
Published: February 2018

Many African cities have growing air quality problems, but few have air quality monitoring systems in place. Low cost air quality sensors have the potential to bridge this data gap. This study describes the experimental deployment of six low cost air quality monitors consisting of an optical particle counter Alphasense OPC-N2 for measuring PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, and Alphasense A-series electrochemical (amperometric) gas sensors: NO2-A43F, SO2-A4, NO-A4 for measuring NO2, NO and SO2 in four schools, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) headquarters and a community center in Nairobi. The monitors were deployed on May 1 2016 and are still logging data. This paper analyses the data from May 1 2016 to Jan 11 2017. By examining the data produced by these sensors, we illustrate the strengths, as well as the technical limitations of using low cost sensors for monitoring air quality. We show that despite technical limitations, sensors can provide indicative measurements of air quality that are valuable to local communities. It was also found that such a sensor network can play an important role in engaging citizens by raising awareness about the importance of addressing poor air quality. We conclude that these sensors are clearly a potentially important complement but not a substitute for high quality and reliable air quality monitoring systems as problems of calibration, certification, quality control and reporting remain to be solved.
WRITING LESSONS IN GRADE 1 INDONESIAN THEMATIC TEXTBOOKS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Sulfasyah Sulfasyah , Bahri Aliem , Saleh Sitti Fithriani
Published: February 2018

The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia has launched a new curriculum, the 2013 Curriculum. It promotes a transition from a traditional learning approach to a more progressive one that appears to reflect a constructivist approach. To ensure the successful implementation of the new curriculum, the Ministry produced compulsory textbooks for teachers and students. This study is aimed at revealing the presentation of writing lessons in the compulsory textbooks for Grade 1 that reflects the underlying theory of the 2013 Curriculum. The study analysed the frequency of writing lessons in the textbooks. It also analysed the types and the focus of writing activities in the lessons by using a content analysis. The sample consisted of eight textbooks of Grade 1. Each book consists of 24 lessons. Therefore, 192 lessons were analysed in this study. The results of the content analysis show that writing lessons in the textbooks, to a great degree, are still influenced by a traditional view of learning, especially those in the first two books used in Semester 1. In fact, the new curriculum appears to promote a constructivist approach. The findings suggest that there was inconsistency between the theory underpinning the writing lessons in the textbooks and the theory required by the 2013 Curriculum. In light of these findings, the study considers practical implications to increase the teaching of writing in Grade 1 based on the 2013 Curriculum Framework.
EVALUATING THE PRAGMATIC PARTICLE JÂ’ IN A MADURESE SPOKEN CORPUS
Authors: Irham Irham
Published: February 2018

In verbal interaction and communication, speakers often employ communicative signals; verbal or non-verbal, special words or phrases, which can be regarded as pragmatic markers (Fraser, 1996; Foolen 2011). This paper aims to investigate the Madurese pragmatic particle jâ’: its position in the sentence and in sequences of interaction, and how it functions in conversation. To achieve the objectives of the present study, conversation analysis was employed to describe the particle’s position in interaction and to account for its pragmatic functions. The data of the present study were taken from recorded conversations among Madurese speakers. This study showed that the particle jâ’ predominantly occurred in turn-initial positions. In addition, the particle jâ’ also appeared in sentence-initial and sentence-middle positions but not in sentence-final positions. In terms of function, the particle jâ’ could function as topic shifts, prohibitive markers, and emphatic markers.
THE IMPACT OF TECHNIQUES AND TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY ON THE CLARITY OF PRAGMATIC MEANINGS TRANSLATION OF THE QUR’ANIC IMPERATIVE VERSES
Authors: Al Farisi Mohamad Zaka
Published: February 2018

One of the stylistic features of the Qur’an is the existence of imperative verses that have certain pragmatic meanings. The feature often makes the Indonesian translation of these verses complex. This is mainly related to the fulfillment of the aspect of clarity in translation. This study aims to reveal the subtle translation of imperative verses of the Qur’an with certain pragmatic meanings. This descriptive-evaluative study used the design of embedded case study because the findings apply only to the imperative verses that serve as the research sample. The sample of the study was chosen purposively from the Qur’anic verses that contain imperative speech. They are imperative verses that have certain pragmatic meanings, such as al-tahdid (threatening), al-ihanah (humiliating), and so forth. The focus of the study is on the subtle translation of imperative verses contained in the translation version by UMT. In general, based on the responses of respondents and the test results, the translations of imperative verses by UMT produce acceptable clarity.
EVOLUTION OF ENGLISH IN THE INTERNET AGE
Authors: Al-Kadi Abdu M. Talib , Ahmed Rashad Ali
Published: February 2018

Although the Internet came into existence in the second half of the twentieth century, its influence on language began to escalate in 1990 onwards. It has drastically changed the way people communicate and use English both in writing and speaking. Consequently, the world has become increasingly interconnected through synchronous and asynchronous communicational scripts, such as SMS, online chat, Yahoo messengers, emails, blogs, and wikis, which have become retrievable as accessible corpora for analysis. These corpora can yield anecdotal evidence of historical language change. The arrival of Web 2.0 tools and applications, such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, WhatsApp, and Viber, can likewise reveal changes that English has recently undergone. The Internet has given rise to what is arguably a new variety of English that differs from standard varieties. This article provides an account of the development of English from dialects spoken by a small number of people in the British Isles to an international and global language. It emphasizes the language shifts that have taken place more recently since the widespread use of the Internet. The pervasiveness of the Internet has led to new changes in form and usage described as Internet English.
UNRAVELING THE CHALLENGES OF INDONESIAN NOVICE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Widiati Utami , Suryati Nunung , Hayati Nur
Published: February 2018

This paper reports on a study aiming to unravel the challenges that Indonesian novice teachers of English have to cope with, in terms of lesson planning and implementation, classroom management, and professional development. It also inquires into the teachers’ pre-service teacher education experience and support system provided by the school, which might relate to their challenges. The study is a qualitative case study involving eleven English teachers of secondary schools (junior and senior high schools and vocational schools) in Malang areas who have less than five years of teaching experience. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires followed up with semi-structured interviews as a means to clarify and elaborate what the respondents had written in the questionnaires. The study reveals various challenges faced by these novice teachers, including planning and implementing a lesson based on the 2013 Curriculum, designing and applying motivating learning strategies and assessment procedure that would be applicable to a class of students with a relatively low level of ability, and managing a big class. It concludes with some recommendations to bridge the gap between the pre-service and in-service teacher education and professional development.
From the Old New Republic to a Great Community: Insights and Contradictions in John Dewey’s Public Pedagogy
Authors: Anderson James
Published: February 2018

This article draws from John Dewey’s philosophy of education, ideas about democracy and pragmatist assumptions to explain how his articles for The New Republic functioned pedagogically. Taking media as a mode of public pedagogy, and drawing extensively from Dewey’s Democracy and Education, as well as from his book The Public and its Problems, the article explores the relationships between communication, education and democracy using the expanded conceptions of all the aforementioned advanced by Dewey. Borrowing insights from Randolph Bourne, who used Dewey’s own ideas to criticize his mentor’s influence on intellectuals who supported US involvement in World War I, the analysis explores the contradictions within Dewey’s public pedagogy. The article suggests Dewey’s relevance as a public intellectual in the liberal-progressive press, his view of the State and some of his related presuppositions produced a tension in his thought, delimiting democratic possibilities while simultaneously pointing toward greater democratic potentials. The essay concludes by suggesting that learning from both Dewey and Bourne prompts us to get beyond the former’s public/private dualism to realize what he called the “Great Community” by communicating and practicing the Commons.