bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic View of Jean Watson’s Caring Theory
Authors: Cara, Chantal
Published: September 2018

As most health care systems around the world are undergoing major administrative restructuring, we expose ourselves to the risk of dehumanizing patient care. If we are to consider caring as the core of nursing, nurses will have to make a conscious effort to preserve human caring within their clinical, administrative, educational, and/or research practice. Caring must not be allowed to simply wither away from our heritage.

To help preserve this heritage, caring theories such as those from Jean Watson, Madeleine Leininger, Simone Roach, and Anne Boykin are vital. Through this continuing education paper we will learn the essential elements of Watson’s caring theory and explore an example of a clinical application of her work.
Journey to Compassion: Meeting Vulnerable Populations in Community Health Nursing Through Literature
Authors: Leffers, Jeanne , Martins, Diane C.
Published: September 2018

While community health nursing educators encourage undergraduate nursing students to become competent in their ability to provide care for vulnerable and diverse population groups, often students remain disconnected from compassion for such groups. The authors, community health nursing educators, developed an innovative assignment designed to create opportunities for students to increase compassion for persons who comprise vulnerable population groups, to value aesthetics for nursing practice, and to increase respect for cultural diversity. Students develop their ability to use artful caring for their nursing practice in community settings through an assignment that uses published literature to facilitate caring compassion for the struggles of various vulnerable groups such as the poor, homeless, immigrants, and victims of violence.
Expanding the Circle: Connecting Native American Learners with Distance Education
Authors: Zorn, CeCelia R. , Stolder, Mary Ellen , Majeski, Marina J.
Published: September 2018

There appears to be a lack of bridging between Native American students and their culture, and the dominant Anglo system of higher education. This gap widens when the student participates in distance education (DE) and is separated from the teachers by space and time. This article calls for meeting the challenge of caring in academe by addressing cultural aspects of Native American students and provides suggestions for facilitating their learning through DE. After the Native American-Anglo relationship is briefly examined, characteristics and experiences of the Native American student are highlighted, followed by an examination of DE concerns pertinent to this population. Situated learning and a caring pedagogy are used as a framework to provide strategies that enhance success of the Native American student in DE.
The Trajectory of the Registered Nurse’s Exodus from the Profession: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experience of Oppression
Authors: Tinsley, Carolyn , France, Nancey E.M.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research was to explore why experienced RNs chose to exit the active practice of nursing. Ahermeneutic phenomenological design based upon Husserl’s (1965) phenomenology and Watson’s theory of human science and human care (1999) was used to explore the phenomenon of interest. Three essential structures and a synthesis of unity emerged from repeating and enduring patterns: “I loved it…this is what I want to do…,” suffering, and the exodus. The synthesis of unity was oppression. Implications for education and practice are integral; however, educators, administrators, and staff need to work together in creating a culture of caring.
Caring for Cognitively Impaired Nursing Home Residents with Pain
Authors: Kenefick Amy L.
Published: September 2018

In this ethnographic study, nurses clearly described their beliefs, values, and experiences related to assessing pain in nursing home residents. These were affected by (a) the nurse’s perception of the role, (b) the resident’s ability to verbalize his or her pain, and (c) the nurse’s skill in identifying behavioral cues including nonverbal pain communications such as agitation or change in functional status. Knowledge of the individual resident was crucial; knowledge of the field of geriatric nursing was also important. Characteristics of the setting including formal and informal job expectations and the use of temporary nursing staff influenced practice.
Ethical Reasoning in Capstone Students
Authors: Callister Lynn Clark
Published: September 2018

Complex ethical issues characterize current healthcare environments. Nurse educators have been charged in the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Nursing Practice document with the responsibility to provide baccalaureate graduates with the knowledge and skills to apply ethical decision-making frameworks to clinical practice. However, there is a paucity of literature on ethical reasoning in nursing students. The purpose of this paper is to describe ethical reasoning in capstone students in an integrated baccalaureate nursing program. Themes identified from clinical journal entries include integration of ethics into both personal and professional life, strengthened commitment to professional integrity, and integration of the ethics of care with the ethics of justice. Helping students focus on empowered caring in nursing practice may be a significant way in which nurses can reform flawed healthcare delivery systems.
Patient Experiences in the Development of a Caring Code for Clinical Nursing Practice
Authors: Lee-Hsieh Jane
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore patient experiences of caring by nurses in medical-surgical units in Taiwan in order to gather data for developing an instructional guide for training nursing students in caring. This study utilized qualitative methods to conduct in-depth interviews with 14 hospitalized patients. The data were collected, analyzed, and categorized. Six themes emerged: assistance during admission, professional behaviors, communication, empathy, sincerity, and respect. These findings were utilized to develop a guide called the “caring code” for teaching caring to junior college nursing students in Taiwan.
Aesthetic Expression
Authors: Wall Robert B.
Published: September 2018

Family caring is not yet fully understood by the nursing discipline as an entity apart from caring for individuals. Aesthetic expression of research findings give voice to the family experience during illness and contribute to an understanding of family caring that may transform nursing practice. The phenomenon revealed by seven families experiencing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was turbulent waiting with intensified connections. This phenomenon was interpreted by an impressionistic artist in an acrylic painting that elicited strong emotive responses from families, researchers, nurses, and students. Visual art illuminated cancer as a family experience that would benefit from practice focused on family caring.
Living Caring in Practice: The Transformative Power of the Theory of Nursing as Caring
Authors: Boykin, Anne , Bulfin, Susan , Lynn Christine E. , Schoenhofer, Savina O. , Baldwin, John , McCarthy, Dee
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to describe nursing as caring as a model for transforming practice. The purpose is achieved through presentation and analysis of nursing situations offered by a staff nurse in an Emergency Sewices Department and the nurse director of that department. The analysis of these situations of caring between nurse and nursed illuminates the power of theory-based practice focused on enhancing living grounded in caring.
Ethical Issues Experienced by Community-Based Nurse Practitioners Addressing Health Disparities Among Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Beidler Susan
Published: September 2018

Health disparities are projected to increase as more individuals delay obtaining needed healthcare. Increasing vulnerability of these persons results when they are unable to access care. Community-based nurses, particularly nurse practitioners (NPs), are well-positioned to respond to these calls for nursing. In the process of responding, a variety of ethical issues have been identified. A naturalistic inquiry of community-based NPs was conducted in order to enhance understanding of these issues. A Level of Ethical Issues Framework emerged with the patient-nurse practitioner covenant as the core ethical value that guides the NPs’ care of vulnerable persons. By focusing on the covenant and by increasing our understanding about the needs of diverse communities, NPs and all nurses can develop appropriate responses to the widening disparities among vulnerable members of our communities.
Empowerment and Authorization – Who Provides and Who Receives? A Qualitative Meta-Study of Empowerment in Nursing Research: A Caring Science Perspective
Authors: Rundqvist, Ewa , Lindström, Unni Å.
Published: September 2018

The findings show how different conceptions of power occur within nursing science, differences that can be interpreted as different views of human beings and ethics. Among the advocates of empowerment in caring, there is a desire to eliminate the difference in power between nurse and patient. The relationship between nurse and patient becomes mutual through the patient’s participation in and responsibility for his/her own care. But from a caring science perspective, a caring relationship is not mutual since nurse and patient cannot change places due to being on different levels nor can responsibility be delegated from nurse to patient.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Post Cesarean Section Pain, Quality of Sleep and Physical Activities Limitation
Authors: Aziz Ismail Nemat Ismail Abdel , Elgzar Wafaa Taha Ibrahim
Published: September 2018

Background: Pain, sleep disturbances, and physical activity limitation are the most tiresome complains of the women post caesarian section (Cs). Progressive muscle relaxation is a promising intervention for these complains. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post-cesarean section pain, quality of sleep and physical activities limitation. Research design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: post-partum unit at Damanhour National Medical Institute. Sample: A purposive sample of 80 women undergoing Cs was recruited. Randomization block was done to randomly assign 40 women for the study group and 40 for the control group. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection: structured interview schedule, short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Physical activities limitation Questionnaire and Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Results: After the intervention, PMR significantly decreased pain severity among study group in Pain Rating Index scale, Visual analogue pain scale, and Present Pain Intensity scale compared to the control group. The severe physical activities limitation significantly absent from the entire study group, while it was significantly present among 70% of the control group. About two-thirds (62.5%) of the study group had a good quality of sleep compared to 5% of the control group. Conclusion: PMR significantly decreased pain, improved physical activities and quality of sleep among women after Cs. Recommendation: PMR should be incorporated in the nursing intervention protocols post-Cs.
Mammy Water and Her Oguta Female Religious Cult During the Nigeria-Biafra War
Authors: Okwuosa Lawrence , Okoli Anuli , Uroko Favour
Published: September 2018

The Nigeria-Biafra war was a war of self-determination and independence for the Igbo people. It was a war against the alleged injustice and marginalization by the Nigerian nation on Igbo people and thus they fought it with all they had. The services of able-bodied men were employed and recorded but not much has been said about the involvement of Igbo deities and women in a war that was termed Oguejiofor (the war of justice and truth). Though women have always been seen as victims of war and the efficacy of the gods in modern-day wars doubted, this paper examines the involvement of the Oguta lake goddess and her Oguta female religious cult during the Nigeria-Biafra war in Oguta. It studies the activities of the cult during the war and in particular the deity’s protection of the natives from the rampaging Nigerian soldiers that wanted to lay siege on the town. The goddess through the activities of the female religious cult is credited with capsizing the enemies’ gunboats and making them a spoil of war for the natives. Using this as a template, the paper investigates the ever-reaching influence and role of local deities and women in conflict resolution and peace-building in the society. The methodology used in this paper is the historical phenomenological method of qualitative research.
Usefulness of visceral adipose tissue estimation in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients in primary health care
Authors: Teixeira da Cunha França Ana Karina , Dos Santos Alcione Miranda , Salgado João Victor , Moura da Silva Antônio Augusto , De Sousa Ribeiro Valdinar , Cabral Cantanhede Nayra Anielly , Bezerra Silva Michele , Milhomem dos Santos Elisângela , Salgado Filho Natalino
Published: September 2018

Background: studies have shown an association between obesity and a reduction in estimated glomerular fi ltration rate (eGFR). However, little is known regarding whether this association is related to total fat or, more specifi cally, to central or visceral fat.Objective: this study evaluated the correlations among the nutritional indices that measure total, central and visceral obesity with eGFR.Methods: a cross-sectional study, involving 288 hypertensive patients. Kidney function was estimated by GFR, using the Modifi cation of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. Explanatory variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist stature ratio (WSR), estimated visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) and body fat percentage (BF%).Results: the mean BMI was 27.8 ± 4.7 kg/m². Most of the patients (68.1%) were in the normal range of BF%, but regarding WC and eVAT, they were at very high risk (58.3% and 64.6%, respectively). In men, there were no correlations between nutritional indices and eGFR. In women, only eVAT remained negatively correlated with eGFR, estimated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, independent of BMI, smoking, physical inactivity, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, LDL and HDL cholesterol, uric acid and microalbuminuria.Conclusions: the majority of obesity indices were not associated with eGFR. Only eVAT was negatively associated with eGFR by MDRD and CKDEPI equations in hypertensive women. In primary health care, visceral adipose tissue estimation could support the identifi cation of hypertensive women at increased risk for developing chronic kidney disease.
Costes de los servicios sanitarios asociados a los hábitos de consumo de frutas y verduras
Authors: Del Pozo Rubio Raúl , Moya-Martínez Pablo , Escribano-Sotos Francisco , Amo Saus María Elisa
Published: September 2018

Introducción: los buenos hábitos de alimentación, como el consumo de frutas y verduras, permiten tener una mejor salud y, consecuentemente, minorar el consumo de recursos sanitarios. Es importante establecer una asociación entre consumo de frutas y verduras y el uso de los servicios sanitarios en la población española para considerar la necesidad de intervenir.Métodos: se empleó la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España del año 2014 y, mediante la utilización de modelos Hurdle, se valoró si existían diferencias en el acceso y la frecuentación al médico de familia, especialista y urgencias, dependiendo de los hábitos de consumo de frutas y verduras. Posteriormente, mediante la técnica propensity score matching se generaron dos grupos con los que poder comparar las diferencias en la frecuentación de los servicios sanitarios dependiendo del consumo de frutas y/o verduras y otras covariables de ajuste. Finalmente, se estima el coste de dichas diferencias por grupos de consumo.Resultados: se revela la existencia de diferencias en el acceso al servicio de urgencias, tanto por los sujetos que no consumen nunca fruta como por parte de los sujetos que no consumen nunca verdura. En el primer caso hay un incremento de 420 visitas al año por cada 1.000 personas con un coste atribuible de 75.000 €, mientras que en el segundo caso se observa un incremento de 780 visitas al año por cada 1.000 personas, con un coste equivalente de 139.000 €.Conclusiones: determinados hábitos de alimentación de la población española como no consumir nunca fruta o verdura producen importantes gastos evitables en el sistema sanitario. Es de gran interés implementar políticas de prevención para minorar dichos gastos y emplear los recursos de forma adecuada.
Recomendaciones para la práctica clínica en diabetes y obesidad. Los acuerdos de Madrid. Documento consensuado por los grupos de trabajo de las sociedades científi cas: SENDIMAD, SOMAMFYC, SEMG Madrid, SEMERGEN Madrid y RedGDPS
Authors: De Cos Ana Isabel , Gutiérrez Medina Sonsoles , Luca Bogdana , Galdón Alba , Simon Chacín Juan , De Mingo María Luisa , Trifu Daniela , Artola Sara , Egocheaga Isabel , Soriano Teresa , Vázquez Clotilde
Published: September 2018

El aumento en la prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 y la expansión a nivel mundial de los estados de sobrepeso y obesidad están intrínsecamente vinculados, de forma que el porcentaje de diabetes atribuible al aumento de peso llega a ser superior al 80% en muchos países. En 2015 se publica un Documento de Consenso español de SEMI, SED, redGDPS, SEC, SEEDO, SEEN, SEMERGEN y SEMFYC que aborda esta doble condición de acuerdo con las mejores evidencias. Desde las afi rmaciones de dicho consenso proponemos cinco recomendaciones para la práctica clínica consensuadas por los Grupos de trabajo de SENDIMAD, SOMAMFYC, SEMG Madrid y RedGDPS, con el fi n de establecer un diagnóstico de precisión y el tratamiento más adecuado:1. En todo paciente con diabetes y obesidad debe abordarse, tanto al inicio como en el seguimiento, además del cálculo del índice de masa corporal (IMC), el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la valoración de la composición corporal.2. La aproximación al grado y distribución de la grasa corporal requiere incluir la medición y registro del perímetro de cintura de estos pacientes.3. La valoración integral del paciente con diabetes tipo 2-obesidad exige la evaluación del grado de actividad física y/o caracterizar la condición de sedentarismo.4. La prescripción de cambios del estilo de vida debe ser incorporada a la educación terapéutica (plan dietético y de actividad física individualizado, fl exible, autónomo y sostenible).5. El abordaje farmacológico en el tratamiento de la diabetes-obesidad implica la elección de fármacos antidiabéticos que faciliten la pérdida de grasa.
Nuevo enfoque de la nutrición. Valoración del estado nutricional del paciente: función y composición corporal
Authors: García Almeida José Manuel , García García Cristina , Bellido Castañeda Virginia , Bellido Guerrero Diego
Published: September 2018

La malnutrición puede considerarse un disbalance entre el aporte y los requerimientos de energía y nutrientes que produce una serie de cambios metabólicos y funcionales a nivel corporal. Existen múltiples limitaciones en los parámetros clásicos de valoración nutricional como IMC, pérdida de peso, ingesta o parámetros analíticos clásicos como albúmina o linfocitos. Podemos establecer algunos puntos básicos de interés en este nuevo enfoque de la nutrición centrado en la valoración del estado nutricional del paciente evaluando los cambios de composición y función con nuevos parámetros como el ángulo de fase y otras medidas eléctricas de la bioimpedanciometría, dinamometría, test funcionales, ecografía muscular o  nuevos parámetros analíticos como PCR/prealbúmina. Cada uno de estos parámetros tiene una serie de utilidades y limitaciones que es importante conocer a la hora de evaluar los resultados de los mismos. La nueva visión global de la nutrición debe integrar diferentes aspectos de composición y función del organismo para poder establecer un diagnóstico más preciso de la situación nutricional y un plan terapéutico individualizado.  Los parámetros nutricionales avanzados del futuro deben ser sensibles y específicos, relacionados entre sí, de forma que permitan un mejor conocimiento de la situación particular de cada paciente en diferentes momentos evolutivos de su proceso patológico.
Introducción
Authors: Ortega Anta Rosa María , López-Sobaler Ana María
Published: September 2018

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Dieta y microbiota. Impacto en la salud
Authors: Álvarez-Calatayud Guillermo , Guarner Francisco , Requena Teresa , Marcos Ascensión
Published: September 2018

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La leche como vehículo de salud para la población
Authors: Varela Moreiras Gregorio
Published: September 2018

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Analisis Keterserapan Lulusan Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta di Lapangan Pekerjaan
Authors: Agustin Isnaini Salasatun , Arthur Riyan , Maulana Arris
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk melacak keberadaan alumni Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan agar mengetahui kesesuaian bidang pekerjaan alumni dengan komptensi lulusan, lama masa tunggu mendapatkan pekerjaan pertama dan penghasilan atau gaji yang diperoleh alumni pada pekerjaan pertama maupun pekerjaan saat ini.
            Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menyebar kuesioner, wawancara via telepon, via whatsapp. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah alumni lulusan tahun 2012 s/d 2016 dengan jumlah responden 117 responden.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata  waktu tunggu alumni < 3 bulan dengan persentase 74,4%, jenis pekerjaan alumni yang sesuai dengan kompetensi lulusan di bidang pendidikan sebesar 7,70% dan bidang non pendidikan sebesar 92,30%, dan rata-rata penghasilan atau gaji alumni pada pekerjaan pertama kurang dari 3jt sebesar 20,51%, 3jt â€“ 4jt sebesar 28,21%, 4jt â€“ 5jt sebesar 35,04%, 5jt â€“ 6jt sebesar 8,55% dan lebih dari 6jt sebesar 7,69%. Sedangkan untuk penghasilan atau gaji alumni pada saat ini kurang dari 3jt sebesar 5,31%, 3jt â€“ jt sebesar 19,66%, 4jt â€“ 5jt sebesar 46,15%, 5jt â€“ 6jt sebesar 16,24% dan lebih dari 6jt sebesar 12,82%.
Pengembangan Media Flashcard Mata Kuliah Teknolgi Beton Di Program Studi Pendidikan Vokasional Konstruksi Bangunan Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: Atikahani Virna , Iriani Tuti , Arthur Riyan
Published: September 2018

Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) yang menggunakan prosedur penelitian yang dikemukakan oleh Sugiyono. Penelitian Sugiyono menerapkan 10 langkah-langkah penelitian dan pengembangan. Sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan 5 tahap dari 10 tahap, yaitu identifikasi potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain dan revisi desain. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan vokasional konstruksi bangunan UNJ angkatan 2017 pada mata kuliah teknologi beton.
Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan media flashcard ini setelah divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Melalui validasi ahli media, media flashcard dikategorikan baik dengan persentase 75,71%. Sedangkan penilaian oleh ahli materi, menyatakan bahwa media dikategorikan sangat baik dengan presentase 81,43%. Secara keseluruhan, media flashcard teknologi beton ini layak untuk digunakan pada mata kuliah teknologi beton.
Public Health Emergency Response Lessons Learned by Rapid Deployment Force 3, 2006–2016
Authors: Iskander John , McLanahan Eva , Thomas Jennifer D. , Henry J. Brian , Byrne David , Williams Holly
Published: September 2018

Following Hurricane Katrina, the uniformed US Public Health Service created an updated system through which its officers participated in emergency responses. The Rapid Deployment Force (RDF) concept, begun in 2006, involved five teams of officers with diverse clinical and public health skill sets organized into an incident command system led by a team commander. Each team can deploy within 12 hours, according to a defined but flexible schedule.

The core RDF mission is to set up and provide care for up to 250 patients, primarily persons with chronic diseases or disabilities, in a temporary federal medical station. Between 2006 and 2016, the RDF 3 team deployed multiple times in response to natural disasters and public health emergencies. Notable responses included Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the unaccompanied children mission in 2014, and the Louisiana floods in 2016.

Lessons learned from the RDF 3 experience include the need for both clinical and public health capacity, the value of having special mental health resources, the benefits of collaboration with other federal medical responders, and recognition of the large burden of chronic disease management issues following natural disasters.
An Efficient Model for Designing Medical Countermeasure Just-in-Time Training During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Cathcart Laura A. , Ramírez-León Gabriela , Orozco Yamelith Aguilar , Flanagan Elizabeth A. , Young Stefanie E. , Garcia Robert A.
Published: September 2018

Rapidly training numerous staff and volunteers to distribute and dispense medical countermeasures is challenging because of limited resources and evolving information during public health emergencies.

The Applied Learning and Development Team within the Division of State and Local Readiness at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) proposes just-in-time training (JITT) templates that can be rapidly customized and implemented early in any public health emergency. The proposed template model aligns with modular training design research to increase relevance and rapid deployment of training. Two case studies are described to demonstrate the potential for training templates to support medical countermeasure responses: (1) customization and implementation of a JITT to prepare staff to work on a CDC task force during the 2016–2017 Zika virus response and (2) a new modular, customizable course to teach the basics about working at a point-of-dispensing site.

Flexible JITT templates in these cases reduce the burden on emergency planners and trainers, allowing for rapidly developed, customized training viable for all emergency responses.
Timely Antiviral Administration During an Influenza Pandemic: Key Components
Authors: Koonin Lisa M. , Patel Anita
Published: September 2018

Prompt treatment of ill persons with influenza antivirals will be an important part of a future pandemic influenza response.

This essay reviews key lessons learned from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the changing landscape of antiviral drug availability, and identifies and describes the multiple components needed to ensure the timely administration of antiviral drugs during a future pandemic.

Fortunately, many of these planning efforts can take place before a pandemic strikes to improve outcomes during a future public health emergency.
ZnO@SnO2 Mixed Metal Oxide as an Efficient and Recoverable Nanocatalyst for the Solvent Free Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-Dihydropyridines
Authors: Sapkal Bharatkumar M. , Labhane Prakash K. , Disale Shamrao T. , More Dhananjay H.
Published: September 2018

An efficient synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines via a one-pot three-component reaction
of ethyl acetoacetate, substituted aldehydes and ammonium acetate in the presence of ZnO@SnO2
mixed metal oxide nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions has been reported. Compare to the reported
reactions, this method shows attractive aspects such as cleaner reaction profile, shorter reaction
times, minimum catalyst loading and high yields. Isolated catalysts were reused for new reactions
without considerable loss of their catalytic activity.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Protein Phosphorylation Sites
Authors: Zhang Shengli , Li Xian , Fan Chengcheng , Wu Zhehui , Liu Qian
Published: September 2018

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. Almost all processes that regulate the life activities of an organism as well as almost all physiological and pathological processes are involved in protein phosphorylation. In this paper, we summarize specific implementation and application of the methods used in protein phosphorylation site prediction such as the support vector machine algorithm, random forest, Jensen-Shannon divergence combined with quadratic discriminant analysis, Adaboost algorithm, increment of diversity with quadratic discriminant analysis, modified CKSAAP algorithm, Bayes classifier combined with phosphorylation sequences enrichment analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, stochastic search variable selection, partial least squares and deep learning. On the basis of this prediction, we use k-nearest neighbor algorithm with BLOSUM80 matrix method to predict phosphorylation sites. Firstly, we construct dataset and remove the redundant set of positive and negative samples, that is, removal of protein sequences with similarity of more than 30%. Next, the proposed method is evaluated by sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), accuracy (ACC) and Mathew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) these four metrics. Finally, tenfold cross-validation is employed to evaluate this method. The result, which is verified by tenfold cross-validation, shows that the average values of Sn, Sp, ACC and MCC of three types of amino acid (serine, threonine, and tyrosine) are 90.44%, 86.95%, 88.74% and 0.7742, respectively. A comparison with the predictive performance of PhosphoSVM and Musite reveals that the prediction performance of the proposed method is better, and it has the advantages of simplicity, practicality and low time complexity in classification.
IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUDE METHANOL EXTRACT FROM MUSHROOM; FLAMMULINA VELUTIPES (GOLDEN NEEDLE MUSHROOM)
Authors: Jantrapanukorn Bajaree , Powthong Pannapa , Luprasong Chitradee
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the in vitro biological effect of the methanolic crude extract received from edible mushrooms; Flammulina velutipes on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation (LPO), antimicrobial activity, and anticancer activity. The scientific result obtained here was possibility of developing this variety as an ingredient in health/medical food purposes as well as a functional food.Methods: In this study, the methanol crude extract of F. velutipes has been performed and in vitro pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, anti-LPO, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer activity were evaluated.Results: The results revealed that anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract was very significant with 79.81±0.87% of the dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant and anti-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation activity of the extract showed its capacity of free radical scavenging with high-level antioxidant compounds and lipid preventive effects (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: 79.81±0.01%, total phenol: 991.10±0.01 μg gallic acid equivalents/0.1 g dry matter, H2O2: 93.27±0.05%, LPO: 33.33±0.00%, and LDL: 57±0.03%, respectively). Analysis has also demonstrated that the methanolic extract of F. velutipes provided an antimicrobial activity to ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Moreover, F. velutipes extract showed a growth inhibitory effect in HepG2 cells with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value IC50=8.25±7.59 μg/ml.Conclusion: This indicated that crude extract from F. velutipes was scientifically proved as a potential source of therapeutic agent and be able to utilize as a functional ingredient for healthy or supplement food.
TREATMENT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: A REVIEW
Authors: Bikash Gupta , Biswajit Dash , Sujata Paul , Aditya Bora Jyoti
Published: September 2018

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disease which is also called as spastic colon, mucous colitis is characterized by some non-specific symptoms, such as altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, stomach bloating, chronic diarrhea or constipation or alternating between the two. The therapy is based on the healing of symptoms using various pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical agents. The objective of treatment is relief from symptom and improved quality of life. The approach for the treatment of IBS is based on the predominant symptoms of the patient. Classical as well as alternative treatment, both appear to be effective for the patients. Classical treatments basically consist of antidiarrheal, antidepressants, antispasmodic, bulking agents, osmotic laxatives, etc. Still, herbal or alternative treatment always seems to be the same beneficiary for the patients due to their negligible adverse effect.
EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS BETWEEN TYPE II DIABETES PATIENTS AND HEALTHY POPULATIONS
Authors: Nelli Sudharshan Reddy , Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Kumar P Manoj , Singh Surya S
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to profile the serum antioxidative enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in Type II diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to healthy volunteers in the South Indian population.Methodology: A prospective, observational, case–control study was conducted for 1 year with a total of 120 patients including 90 Type II diabetes patients (case group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group). Blood was collected from these volunteers, and serum levels of CAT, GPx, and SOD were estimated. In addition, they were also monitored for the fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and postprandial blood glucose. Data were statistically analyzed applying unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation with the statistical significance of p<0.05.Results: The diabetes patient group showed significant higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose (p<0.0001). There was asignificant lower level in the RBC levels of superoxide dismutase in case group compared to control group 3859.00±381.8 (mean+SD) and 5862.7±209.45 (mean+SD) Units per gram Hb, (t-value 27.35, p-Value <0.0001). Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase RBC levels also showed significant lower levels in the case group compared to the control group (catalase 212.7±19.08 (mean±SD) and 396.47±10.83 (mean±SD) Units per gram Hb; T value=50.07 and p<0.0001)(Glutathione peroxidase11.7 ±01.09 (mean +SD) and 18.6 ± 01.00 (mean +SD) Units per gram Hb; t value=30.26 and p<0.0001).Conclusion: A significant reduction in serum levels of antioxidative enzymes, CAT, GPx, and SOD was observed in the South Indian Type II diabetes patient population.
A NOVEL STUDY OF VALIDITY OF LATENT TUBERCULOSIS AS A PREDICTOR TO TUBERCULOSIS OF THORACIC SPINE
Authors: Gorial Faiq I , Abdulrazaq Mohammad Yahya , Fawzi Hayder Adnan
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the validity of latent tuberculosis (TB) as a predictor for TB of thoracic spine.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 31 patients with osteoarticular TB diagnosed on the base of clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging, and tissue biopsy. Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics of the disease were recorded. Latent TB was diagnosed by tuberculin skin test (TST) >10 mm. Results: The mean age of patients was 44.9 ± 19.0 years. Females were 17 (54.8) and mean body mass index was 24.6 ± 4.9 kg/m2. Thoracic spine was the highest osteoarticular TB site. Then, lumbar spine TB was 3 (9.7%) patients. Third in rank was TB of the knee joints 2 (6.5%). Cervical spine and hip joint TB were each one, 1 (3.2) patients, respectively. Validity of latent TB as a test to predict TB of thoracic spine revealed that if TST was positive, then this test will be accurate in 77.42% and we can establish the diagnosis of TB of the thoracic spine with 90.48% confidence if we had a clinical suspicion of TB of thoracic spine.Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation between osteoarticular TB and latent TB. Thoracic spine TB was the most common osteoarticular TB infection compared to other sites. Patients who had latent TB have 9.5 times risk of having TB of the thoracic spine. Latent TB was a valid measure to predict TB of thoracic spine.
NEW STABILITY-INDICATING ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF LENVATINIB MESYLATE IN BULK DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Bandla Jahnavi , Ganapaty S.
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a new stability-indicating method for the quantification of lenvatinib mesylate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).Methods: The optimized chromatographic conditions for elution of drug included UPLC HSS C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 m) column, mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v%) mobile phase run on an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, 240 nm detection wavelength, and column oven temperature maintained at 30°C.Results: The retention time for lenvatinib was found to be 1.24 min. The developed method was validated for various validation parameters in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 2.5– 15 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The percentage relative standard deviation and percentage recovery were determined to be 0.4 and 99.66–100.30%, respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise, specific, linear, rugged, and robust. Forced degradation studies were conducted by exposing the drug to diverse stress conditions such as acidic, basic, peroxide, neutral, photolytic, and thermal conditions. The net degradation was obtained within the limits.Conclusion: The developed method for the estimation of lenvatinib can be employed to routine analysis of pharmaceutical dosage form.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CHAETOMIUM CUPREUM
Authors: Tirumale Sharmila , Wani Nazir
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the Chaetomium cupreum extracts as biocontrol agents against four plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis azadirachtae, and Rhizoctonia solani).Method: The antifungal activity of n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. cupreum was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi using food poison method.Result: In n-butanol extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 88.3±0.1, F. oxysporum was 59.4±0.2, R. solani was 56.2±0.9, and P. azadirachtae was 52.0±0.1at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. In ethyl acetate extract, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth against C. cladosporoides was 86.0±0.5, F. oxysporum was 66.4±0.1, P. azadirachtae was 55.2±0.9, and R. solani was 52.0±0.1 at 0.25 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: It was found that n-butanol extract is more effective than ethyl acetate extract of C. cupreum. Future studies will focus on the purification and characterization of compounds of C. cupreum and their biocontrol capacity with the mechanism for plant pathological applications.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILM OF LORNOXICAM
Authors: Jassim Zainab E , Mohammed Mais F , Sadeq Zainab Ahmed
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving film containing lornoxicam.Materials and Methods: To prepare the film, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as film-forming polymers by solvent casting method. Glycerine was used as plasticizer, aspartame, and mannitol as sweetener. All prepared films were evaluated for its weight variation, disintegration time, thickness, drug content, pH, dissolution study, and folding endurance. The drug-excipients compatibility study was done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).Results: Satisfactory results obtained when PVA was used as film-forming polymer, and the drug was dispersed in the polymer solution using poloxamer 407 as a solubilizing agent. Formulation F2 is considered as the optimized formulation as it showed good folding endurance (>300), faster disintegration rate (30 s), and maximum in vitro drug release (87%) within 5 min. DSC and FTIR studies showed no interaction between drug and the polymers.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the fast dissolving film can be prepared for poorly water-soluble drug lornoxicam using PVA as a suitable film-forming polymer.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THALASSEMIA WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD GROUPS IN CHILDREN AND ADULT PATIENT IN THE PROVINCE OF BABYLON, IRAQ
Authors: Hammod Hananjassim , Mokif Thanaa Abdulmahdi , Al-harbi Hussein Jasim
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between thalassemia disease and body mass index (BMI) and the correlation with blood group of thalassemia patients.Methods: The study includes 260 persons (male+female), 200 persons were thalassemia patient (120 male and 80 female), and 60 healthy persons (30 male and 30 female) as control group; furthermore, people were divided into three group according to age 1–9, 10–19, and >20 years, and BMI and blood group were measured for all patients and healthy people.Results: The results showed that the frequency of thalassemia in male (65%) is higher than in female (40%); as well as, the results showed that the age group (10–19) years is more frequent in male, while in female, the age group (1–9) years is more frequent. The results of BMI revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all groups of thalassemia patients compared with healthy group; as well as, the results of blood group showed that the group (O+) is the more frequent 34% in comparison with the other blood groups.Conclusion: We conclude that there was a strong relationship among gender, blood group (the most common blood group observed is O +ve), and BMI with thalassemia.
ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF FERMENTED PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT JUICE
Authors: Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Duangjitcharoen Yodsawee , Kesika Periyanaina , Sirilun Sasithorn , Chaiyasut Khontaros , Peerajan Sartjin
Published: September 2018

Objective: The present study evaluated the subchronic toxicity of Lactobacillus mediated fermented Phyllanthus emblica fruit juice (FPJ) using a rat as a model system.Methods: FPJ was prepared, and estimated the changes in pH by pH meter, and microbial load by a plating method. Rats were fed with different dose of FPJ for 60 days. The changes in the body mass were noted. The blood and organs of the experimental rats were collected, after 60 days of intervention. Then, they were analyzed for the selected hematological and biochemical parameters by following standard hospital protocols.Results: The pH of FPJ after 30 days of fermentation was 3.16. FPJ was rich in probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (7.23 Log CFU per mL) without contamination. The supplementation of FPJ was not significantly affected the body weight of the experimental animals, except the female rats in posteffective dose (PED) group showed significant changes (20.83±8.49 g) compared to control (40±17.22 g). The internal organs of the rat were not affected by the FPJ supplementation. The changes observed in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase level of experimental rats, both male and female, were not significantly differed from the respective controls. The average of lymphocytes level was significantly increased in continuous dosing group of males and females. Interestingly, the increase in red blood cell and hemoglobin (HGB) were statistically significant for ED group and PED in both sexes, except for females with no effect on HGB content.Conclusion: The prepared FPJ was enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus spp. The supplementation of FPJ (up to 9 mL/kg/day) for 60 days was not significantly influenced the body weight, internal organs, biochemical and hematological parameters of experimental rats (both male and female). The results revealed that FHJ is suitable for the human consumption.
COROSOLIC ACID: A SYNOPSIS ON ITS ANTICANCER PROPERTIES
Authors: Chan Eric Wei Chiang , Wong Siu Kuin
Published: September 2018

Corosolic acid (CA) or 2β-hydroxyursolic acid is an ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene with a molecular formula of C30H48O4 and molecular weight of 473 g/mol. The 30-carbon skeleton and five six-membered rings (A−E) of CA are structurally similar to those of ursolic acid, asiatic acid, and 23-hydroxyl CA. CA was first isolated from the leaf of Lagerstroemia speciosa and later from the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida. Although L. speciosa (Lythraceae) remains the most important source of CA, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae are the dominant families. This synopsis is focused on the anticancer properties of CA as recent studies have generated new and additional knowledge on its oncology. CA has antitumor, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activities against many types of human cancer cells (including some murine cancer cells), which are inhibited through different molecular mechanisms. Non-apoptotic cell death has also been reported. Depending on the type of cancer cells, the cytotoxicity of CA is comparable to ursolic acid, its analog. Currently, there are no studies on the structure-activity relationship of CA. In ursolic acid, which is structurally similar to CA, the −OH group at C-3 and the −COOH group at C-28 exhibited cytotoxic activity.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF YOGIC PRACTICES ON RAKTAGATA VATA (ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION)
Authors: Pal Pradeep Kumar , Saini Neera , Vn Mishra , Hh Awasthi
Published: September 2018

Objective: Essential hypertension is the most frequent kind of hypertension and also known as primary hypertension or idiopathic, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients. This study was conducted to see the effect of Yogic practices as Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP = cleaning of subtle energy channel along with regulation of rhythm of breathing) and Dhyana (meditation) on the symptoms of Raktagata Vata (essential hypertension), blood pressure, and Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale.Methods: This clinical study was conducted on 50 cases of Raktagata Vata, and these were randomly divided into two subgroups: (1) Control and (2) intervention consisting of 25 cases in each subgroup. Yogic practices were done regularly for 3 months by the registered cases in both subgroups. Light medication of first order initially was also prescribed to intervention subgroup.Result: In both subgroups, significant results (p<0.001) were observed and most of the symptoms of Raktagata Vata improved better in the intervention than control subgroup. Significant results (p<0.001) were also observed in blood pressure along with Hamilton’s anxiety scale scoring.Conclusion: Yogic practices impact positive effects on Agya Chakra (hypothalamus-cerebral system), control autonomic nervous system and improve the quality of life of Raktagata Vata patients by improving symptoms and regulating the blood pressure.