bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainties in assessing the environmental impact of amine emissions from a CO2 capture plant
Authors: Karl M. , Castell N. , Simpson D. , Solberg S. , Starrfelt J. , Svendby T. , Walker S.-E. , Wright R. F.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In this study, a new model framework that couples the atmospheric chemistry transport model system Weather Research and Forecasting–European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (WRF-EMEP) and the multimedia fugacity level III model was used to assess the environmental impact of in-air amine emissions from post-combustion carbon dioxide capture. The modelling framework was applied to a typical carbon capture plant artificially placed at Mongstad, on the west coast of Norway. The study region is characterized by high precipitation amounts, relatively few sunshine hours, predominantly westerly winds from the North Atlantic and complex topography. Mongstad can be considered as moderately polluted due to refinery activities. WRF-EMEP enables a detailed treatment of amine chemistry in addition to atmospheric transport and deposition. Deposition fluxes of WRF-EMEP simulations were used as input to the fugacity model in order to derive concentrations of nitramines and nitrosamine in lake water. Predicted concentrations of nitramines and nitrosamines in ground-level air and drinking water were found to be highly sensitive to the description of amine chemistry, especially of the night-time chemistry with the nitrate (NO3) radical. Sensitivity analysis of the fugacity model indicates that catchment characteristics and chemical degradation rates in soil and water are among the important factors controlling the fate of these compounds in lake water. The study shows that realistic emission of commonly used amines result in levels of the sum of nitrosamines and nitramines in ground-level air (0.6–10 pg m−3) and drinking water (0.04–0.25 ng L−1) below the current safety guideline for human health that is enforced by the Norwegian Environment Agency. The modelling framework developed in this study can be used to evaluate possible environmental impacts of emissions of amines from post-combustion capture in other regions of the world.
A climatology of dust emission events from northern Africa using long-term surface observations
Authors: Cowie S. M. , Knippertz P. , Marsham J. H.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Long-term (1984–2012) surface observations from 70 stations in the Sahara and Sahel are used to explore the diurnal, seasonal and geographical variations in dust emission events and thresholds. The frequency of dust emission (FDE) is calculated using the present weather codes of SYNOP reports. Thresholds are estimated as the wind speed for which there is a 50% probability of dust emission and are then used to calculate strong wind frequency (SWF) and dust uplift potential (DUP), where the latter is an estimate of the dust-generating power of winds. Stations are grouped into six coherent geographical areas for more in-depth analysis. FDE is highest at stations in Sudan and overall peaks in spring north of 23° N. South of this, where stations are directly influenced by the summer monsoon, the annual cycle in FDE is more variable. Thresholds are highest in northern Algeria, lowest in the latitude band 16–21° N and have greatest seasonal variations in the Sahel. Spatial variability in thresholds partly explain spatial variability in frequency of dust emission events on an annual basis. However, seasonal variations in thresholds for the six grouped areas are not the main control on seasonal variations in FDE. This is demonstrated by highly correlated seasonal cycles of FDE and SWF which are not significantly changed by using a fixed, or seasonally varying, threshold. The likely meteorological mechanisms generating these patterns such as low-level jets and haboobs are discussed.
On the role of clouds in the fair weather part of the global electric circuit
Authors: Baumgaertner A. J. G. , Lucas G. M. , Thayer J. P. , Mallios S. A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Clouds in the fair weather return path of the global electric circuit (GEC) reduce conductivity because of the limited mobility of charge due to attachment to cloud water droplets, effectively leading to a loss of ions. A high-resolution GEC model, which numerically solves the current continuity equation in combination with Ohm's law, is used to show that return currents partially flow around clouds, with current divergence above the cloud and convergence below the cloud. An analysis of this effect is presented for various types of clouds, i.e., for different altitude extents and for different horizontal dimensions, finding that the effect is most pronounced for high clouds with a diameter below 100 km. Based on these results, a method to calculate column and global resistance is developed that can account for all cloud sizes and altitudes. The CESM1(WACCM) (Community Earth System Model – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) as well as ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) cloud data are used to calculate the effect of this phenomenon on global resistance. From CESM1(WACCM), it is found that when including clouds in the estimate of resistance the global resistance increases by up to 73%, depending on the parameters used. Using ISCCP cloud cover leads to an even larger increase, which is likely to be overestimated because of time averaging of cloud cover. Neglecting current divergence/convergence around small clouds overestimates global resistance by up to 20% whereas the method introduced by previous studies underestimates global resistance by up to 40%. For global GEC models, a~conductivity parameterization is developed to account for the current divergence/convergence phenomenon around clouds. Conductivity simulations from CESM1(WACCM) using this parameterization are presented.
Difference between even- and odd-numbered cycles in the predictability of solar activity and prediction of the amplitude of cycle 25
Authors: Yoshida A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. It was shown previously that the sunspot number (SSN) at a point 3 years before the minimum is well correlated with the maximum SSN of the succeeding cycle, and a better correlation is obtained when the maximum SSN is replaced by the average SSN over a cycle for which the average SSN is calculated by dividing cycles at a point 3 years before the minimum (Yoshida and Yamagishi, 2010; Yoshida and Sayre, 2012). Following these findings, we demonstrate in this paper that the correlation between the SSN 3 years before the minimum and the amplitude of the coming cycle differs significantly between even-numbered and odd-numbered cycles: the correlation is much better for even-numbered cycles. Further, it is shown that the amplitude of even-numbered cycles is strongly correlated with that of the succeeding odd-numbered cycles, while the correlation between amplitudes of odd-numbered cycles and those of succeeding even-numbered cycles is very poor. Using the excellent correlations, we estimate the maximum SSN of the current cycle 24 at 81.3 and predict the maximum SSN of cycle 25 to be 115.4 ± 11.9. It is of note, however, that a peak of the SSN has been observed in February 2012 and the peak value 66.9 is considerably smaller than the estimated maximum SSN of cycle 24. We conjecture that the second higher peak of the SSN may appear.
Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic algal-bacterial relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes
Authors: Carrillo P. , Medina-Sánchez J. M. , Durán C. , Herrera G. , Villafañe V. E. , Helbling E. W.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. An indirect effect of global warming is the shallowing epilimnion, causing organisms to be exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet (UVR, 280–400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm), which could affect primary and bacterial production as well as the commensalistic algal-bacterial relationship. The combined effects of UVR and reduction in the depth of the upper mixed layer (UML) were assessed on variables related to the metabolism of algae and bacteria, during in situ experiments performed with natural microplanktonic communities from two oligotrophic lakes with contrasting UVR-transparency (clear vs. opaque) of southern Spain. The negative UVR effects on epilimnetic primary production (PP) and on heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP), intensified by high mean irradiances, were higher in the UVR-opaque than in the UVR-clear lake, and stronger on the algae than on the heterotrophic bacterial communities. Under UVR and high mean irradiance, the algal-bacterial relationship was strengthened in the UVR-clear lake, where excreted organic carbon (EOC) rates exceeded the bacterial carbon demand (BCD). This did not occur in the UVR-opaque lake. The greater UVR damage to algae and bacteria and the weakening of their commensalistic interaction found in the UVR-opaque lake indicates that these ecosystems would be especially vulnerable to stressors related to global change. Thus, our findings may have important implications for the carbon cycle in oligotrophic lakes of the Mediterranean region.
Image GeoRectification And Feature Tracking toolbox: ImGRAFT
Authors: Messerli A. , Grinsted A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The use of time-lapse camera systems is becoming an increasingly popular method for data acquisition. The camera setup is often cost-effective and simple, allowing for a large amount of data to be accumulated over a variety of environments for relatively minimal effort. The acquired data can, with the correct post-processing, result in a wide range of useful quantitative and qualitative information in remote and dangerous areas. The post-processing requires a significant amount of steps to transform images into meaningful and comparable data, such as velocity data. To the best of our knowledge at present a complete, openly available package that encompasses georeferencing, georectification and feature tracking of terrestrial, oblique images is still absent. This study presents a complete, yet adaptable, open-source package developed in MATLAB, that addresses and combines each of these post-processing steps into one complete suite in the form of an "Image GeoRectification and Feature Tracking" (ImGRAFT: http://imgraft.glaciology.net) toolbox. The toolbox, can also independently produce other useful outputs, such as viewsheds, georectified and orthorectified images. ImGRAFT is primarily focused on terrestrial oblique images, for which there are currently limited post-processing options available. In this study we illustrate ImGRAFT for glaciological applications on a small outlet glacier Engabreen, Norway.
A non-Gaussian analysis scheme using rank histograms for ensemble data assimilation
Authors: Metref S. , Cosme E. , Snyder C. , Brasseur P.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. One challenge of geophysical data assimilation is to address the issue of non-Gaussianities in the distributions of the physical variables ensuing, in many cases, from nonlinear dynamical models. Non-Gaussian ensemble analysis methods fall into two categories, those remapping the ensemble particles by approximating the best linear unbiased estimate, for example, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and those resampling the particles by directly applying Bayes' rule, like particle filters. In this article, it is suggested that the most common remapping methods can only handle weakly non-Gaussian distributions, while the others suffer from sampling issues. In between those two categories, a new remapping method directly applying Bayes' rule, the multivariate rank histogram filter (MRHF), is introduced as an extension of the rank histogram filter (RHF) first introduced by Anderson (2010). Its performance is evaluated and compared with several data assimilation methods, on different levels of non-Gaussianity with the Lorenz 63 model. The method's behavior is then illustrated on a simple density estimation problem using ensemble simulations from a coupled physical–biogeochemical model of the North Atlantic ocean. The MRHF performs well with low-dimensional systems in strongly non-Gaussian regimes.
Wave-equation based traveltime seismic tomography – Part 2: Application to the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) area
Authors: Tong P. , Zhao D. , Yang D. , Yang X. , Chen J. , Liu Q.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. High-resolution 3-D P and S wave crustal velocity and Poisson's ratio models of the 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw 7.3) area are determined iteratively by a wave-equation based traveltime seismic tomography (WETST) technique as developed in the first paper. The details of data selection, synthetic arrival-time determination, and trade-off analysis of damping and smoothing parameters are presented to show the performance of this new tomographic inversion method. A total of 78 523 P wave and 46 999 S wave high-quality arrival-time data from 2041 local earthquakes recorded by 275 stations during the period of 1992–2013 is used to obtain the final tomographic models which costs around 10 000 CPU h. Checkerboard resolution tests are conducted to verify the reliability of inversion results for the chosen seismic data and the wave-equation based traveltime seismic tomography method. Significant structural heterogeneities are revealed in the crust of the 1992 Lander earthquake area which may be closely related to the local seismic activities. Strong variations of velocity and Poisson's ratio exist in the source regions of the Landers and three other strong earthquakes in this area. Most seismicity occurs in areas with high-velocity and low Poisson's ratio, which may be associated with the seismogenic layer. Pronounced low-velocity anomalies revealed in the lower crust along the Elsinore, the San Jacinto and the San Andreas faults may reflect the existence of fluids in the lower crust. The recovery of these strong heterogeneous structures are facilitated by the use of full wave equation solvers and WETST and verifies their ability in generating high-resolution tomographic models.
"Mined" for Its Citizens? Poverty, Opportunity Structure, and Appalachian Soldier Deaths in the Iraq War
Authors: Scanlan Stephen J.
Published: August 2014

This paper examines the opportunity structures of the places from which a subset of US soldiers who have fought and died in Iraq have come, using a spatial inequality framework on poverty and connecting it to research on the military and society. Focusing on Appalachia and the villages, cities, and counties that were the homes to 370 of the combat deaths in Iraq, findings reveal that "place matters" for the opportunities available to the citizenry. Soldiers from Appalachia who have fought and died in the war hailed from a context of disadvantage on multiple fronts. Their hometowns are characterized by less educational attainment, lower household and per capita incomes, greater hunger, and higher poverty rates, relative to the United States as a whole. In such a context, military service may be an important labor market providing otherwise unavailable employment, benefits, and educational opportunities that could potentially empower an escape from a place of disadvantage--particularly when coupled with conservative politics and contributions in wars past. However, more critical perspectives may view enlistment as something those with few options have no other choice but to do--a key debate in the era of the all-volunteer force and new patterns of military recruitment.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Brda river valley in the Tuchola Forests
Authors: Tadych Mariusz , Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: August 2014

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with 19 plant species from 12 families growing in the Brda river valley in the Tuchola Forests is presented. The most frequently investigated plans were those from the families Cupressaceae and Plantaginaceae. Examination of trap cultures established from rhizosphere soil-root mixtures of the plans sampled revealed 20 described species of AMF, two undescribed Glomus spp., and three species of the genus Glomus that were difficult to recognize. The dominating AMF were members of the genus Glomus. Among the AMF found, G. claroideum was present, a species recorded for the first time in Poland. The distribution in Poland and in the world of the AMF encountered is shown.
Typhula quisquiliaris (Cantharellales) - a species new to Poland
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: August 2014

Information on the first Polish record of Typhula quisquiliaris is given in this paper. The species was found in Katowice: Panewniki (SW Poland, Silesian Upland), in pine forest, on dead stalks of Pteridium aquilinum.
The genus Steccherinum in Poland. I. Steccherium bourdotii found in Tarnów town
Authors: Piątek Marcin
Published: August 2014

Steccherium bourdotii Saliba et David is described and illustrated. Also, its occurrence in Poland and in the world is presented. The fungus is reported here to be new in Poland, earlier it has been confused with Steccherinum ochraceum (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray. A handful information on its ecology is provided.
Fungi isolated from the oral cavity, nose and throat of healthy children
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Ejdys Elżbieta
Published: August 2014

The paper presents the analysis of fungi found in the oral cavity, nose and throat in 70 healthy children, at the age of 0 to 15 years old. Fungi were found in 27 children (45 isolates) - what makes 39% of the cxamined. They were mainly isolated from the oral cavity, soldom from the throat. In the nose they were observed sporadically. The species of Cryptococcaceae dominated mainly Candida albicans (28 isolates) and Candida guilliermondii (7 isolates).
Differentiation of enzymatic activity of yeasts and yeast-like microorganisms isolated from various environments
Authors: Bogusławska-Wąs Elżbieta , Dąbrowski Waldemar , Skoropada Katarzyna , Różycka-Kaszrelan Kinga
Published: August 2014

The aim of study was to determinate enzymatic activity of yeast-like organisms - Candida lipolytica, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon beigelii, Zygosaccharomyces sp. - isolated from the Szczecin Lagoon and herring salads. We have shown that lipolytic activity was higher than protcolytic for every strain tested. The lowest activity level was found out for amylolytic hydrolases. The results also demonstrated that yeast-like organisms isolated from the Szczecin Lagoon revealed much higher average enzymatic activity compared to tbe same species isolated from herring salads, excepting C. lipolytica.
Studies on the macromycetes of the Janów Forests Landscape Park (SE Poland)
Authors: Filisińska Zofia
Published: August 2014

The article presents a list of 357 macromycetes species found so far in the Janów Forests Landscape Park (SE Poland), and takes into account their abundance in individual localities categories of threat, and gives a preliminary mycological evaluation of the Park.
Microscopic phytopathogenic fungi rare and new for Poland
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: August 2014

The paper presents a list of 36 rare species of fungi with remarks about their morphology and distribution in Poland. Three of the species are new for Poland: Romularia asplenii Jaap, R. concomitans Ell. et Holw. and Ascochyta actoeae (Bres.) J. J. Davis. Altogether, 13 parasitic species occur on the plans which have not been known as their hosts in Poland, so far, 19 are rare on the listed hosts. The fungi were collected in the area of projected Jurassic National Park, Częstochowa Upland.
Studies of morphological structures of Monilia coryli
Authors: Zalewska Ewa , Machowicz-Stefanik Zofia
Published: August 2014

A considerable morphological differentiation within the population of Monilia coryli was found. Both the strains forming macroconidia and strains forming microconidia on phialids were obsever. Clusters of phialids and microconidia formed spherical aggregates. Strains cultivated on PDA and PDA with yeast extract after 21 -28 days formed macroconidia, which made it possible to identify the species. Sometimes the strains formed also sclerotia, which did not produce apothecia but only sporodochia of M. coryli consisting of conidiophores and conidia.
Species of Armillaria in the Wielkopolsko-Pomorski Forest Region (NW Poland)
Authors: Żółciak Anna
Published: August 2014

Fungi belonging to the genus Armillaria were identified in forests situated in the Wielkopolsko-Pomorski Forest Region. The occurrence of each species in various habitats, stands and hosts was determined. Mating tests as well as morphological studies of fruit-bodies were made for species identification.
Protoparmelia hypotremella in Poland and its distribution in Europe
Authors: Kukva Martin
Published: August 2014

Protoparmelia hypotremella van Herk, Spier et Wirth is reported as a new species to Poland. The ecology and distribution of the lichen in Europe are presented.
Chytridium caloneidis sp. nov.
Authors: Kadłubowska Joanna Z.
Published: August 2014

A new species Chytridium caloneidis Kadłubowska is described and illustrated in the paper. The species was found in the Brześnia brook near Jedrzejów. It differs from the other species in the genus with unique corrugated wall of sporangium.
Species of lichenized and allied fungi new to Białowieża Large Forest (NE Poland)
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna , Motiejünaité Jurga , Cieślewski Stanisław
Published: August 2014

The paper presents 38 species of lichenized and allied fungi new to Białowieża Large Forest. 24 taxa of lichenized Ascomycota and 14 taxa of lichenicolous and saprobic fungi are the result of the analysis of collected materials as well as additional field studies.
Microscopic fungus-like organisms and fungi of the Słowiński National Park. II. (NW PoIand)
Authors: Adamska Iwona
Published: August 2014

The second part of the 2-part paper continues the presentation of results of a 3-year study on tbe occurrence of microscopic saprotrophic and parasitic fungus-like organisms and fungi in seven natural plant associations of the Słowiński National Park. The 310 species in 79 fungal genera revealed are listed and their frequency of occurrence in both each plant association where present and all the plant associations considered is presented. In case of species earlier infrequently found or for the first time encountered in Poland, their general distribution is also provided.
Erysiphales of the Drawski Landscape Park (NW Poland)
Authors: Czerniawska Beata
Published: August 2014

This paper continues the presentation of results of a 3-year investigation on the occurrence of fungi of the order Erysiphales in the Drawski Landscape Park (north-western Poland). The list of occurrence of members of Erysiphales presented includes 31 next species and 15 species found on plants not mentioned in the previous paper. Additionally, the occurrence of the powdery mildew fungi in 12 permanent plots with nine plant associations was presented and compared.
Macrofungi of the Querco-Ulmetum minoris association in the Ostrów Panieński reserve on the Vistula river (N Poland)
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

Results of a three-year mycocoenological study performed on two permanent plots in floodplain forests near Chełmno on the Vistula river are presented. The 101 species of macrofungi collected in the area are discussed in relation to various substrates and habitats in which they occur.
Effect of Penicillium frequentans and Stachybotrys chartarum on respiratory metabolism of developing eggs of Ascaris suum (Nematoda)
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Lidia , Kuźna-Grygiel Wanda , Janowicz Krystyna , Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga
Published: August 2014

Effect of saprotrophic soil fungi Penicillium frequentans and Stachybotrys chartarum on respiratory metabolism of Ascaris suum, during its embryogenesis was determined using histoenzymatic methods. Based on histochemical assessment of the enzyme actvity (glycolysis-lactate dehydrogenase-LDH; tricarboxylic acid cycle-succinate dehydrogenase-SDH) changes in the energy metabolism of developing eggs of A. suvm were detected. Of the fungi species tested - P. frequentans caused the most extensive disorders in the processes of cellular oxidation, which were manifested in a decline of SDH activity during gastrulation. Incubation of eggs of Ascaris with mycelia of both fungi: S. chartarum and P. frequentans - in lesser extend affected respiratory metabolism in embryogenesis of this nematode.
Graminicolous fungi from Poland. I. Fungi on halophyte Puccinellia distans
Authors: Chlebicki Andrzej , Lembicz Marlena
Published: August 2014

The host plant Puccinellia distans was found to be inhabited by the following fungi: Acrospermum graminum, Cladosporium herbarum, Colletotrichum capsici, Dinemasporium slrigosum, Epichloë typhina, Guignardia graminicola, Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, Phaeosphaeria eustoma, Pleospora herbarum, Pyrenophora trichostoma, Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, Acrospermum graminum and Ophiosphaerella herpotricha had not been earlier reported from Poland. On living stromata of Epichloë typhina a mycophilous Alternaria sp. was noted. Mycological data have been used to establish the allocation and relation of the genus Puccinellia with other similar grass genera.
Dieback of Pieris japonica caused by Phytophthora citrophthora
Authors: Orlikowski Leszek B. , Szkuta Grażyna
Published: August 2014

Phytophthora citrophthora (Sm. et SM.) Leonian was mainly isolated from rotted twigs of pieris. The species used for artificial inoculation of leaf petiols and shoots of pieris, azalea and rhododendron spread very fast, especially on leaves coming from the top of the plants. In greenhouse trial, plants grown in peat, artificially infested with the species showed discoloration and wilt symptoms already 2-4 weeks after planting.
Stimulation of Armillaria rhizomorph growth by oak root fungi
Authors: Kwaśna Hanna , Kotyńska Urszula , Łakomy Piotr , Mallet Ken
Published: August 2014

Thirty one different genera of fungi were isolated from the wood of roots of 5O·year·old oak (Quercus robur). The most frequently isolated fungi were: Mycelium radicis atrovirens alpha (MRAA), Clonostachys sp. and Penicillium daleae, Beauveria bassiana, Clonostachys sp., Cryplosporiopsis rodicicolo, Geotrichum candidum, Mortierella vinacea, MRAA, P. daleae, P. janczewskii P. spinulosum, Sporothrix schenckii and Tolypocladium niveum significantly enhanced Armillaria mellea rhizomorph initiation and growth from oak branch segments in vitro. The biggest stimulation effect was noticed when the dematiaceous hyphomycetes, e.g. MRAA, P. dimorphospora and S. schenckii were studied.
Enzymatic activity of fungi of the genus Candida isolated from the skin and the digestive tract in people and from municipal sewage
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Sucharzewska Ewa , Biedunkiewicz Anna
Published: August 2014

Enzymatic activities of C. albicans, C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis from the skin and the digestive tract and from municipal sewage were compared using the API ZYM system (bio Méricux). Aclivities were examined in relalion to potential pathogenicity of these fungi strictly connected with their enzymatic properties, especilly the production of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, as well as acidic and basic phosphatase. The proteolytic activity was high in strains of C. albicans from the digestive tract and from municipal sewage, as we~ as in C. guilliermondii isolated from sewage. The highest lipolytic activity was recorded in the case of C. guilliermondii from sewage, and C. albicans and C. tropicalis from the digestive tract. Acidic and basic phosphatases and phosphohydrolase were secreted by strains of all species isolated from municipal sewage in the greatest degree (the only exception is a high activity of acidic phosphatase of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in the digestive tract). A higher enzymatic activity was observed in the same species in municipal sewage than in the human body.
Changes in the myxomycete biota of the „Łężczok” nature reserve (NW Poland)
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda , Panek Eugeniusz
Published: August 2014

The paper presents changes that occured in the myxomycete flora of the nalure reserve Łężczok during the last 30 years. The ecological analysis of slime moulds is also given. During thc first periode of investigations (1967-1968) only 34 myxomycete species were found. During the second one, i.e. in the years 1996-2001 (except for 2000) - 47 species. In total, the myxomycete flora of the reserve includes 59 taxa. Among them 22, mostly cosmopolitic species were stated during both sampling periods. Twelve species were stated during earlier investigations only, while during recent studies 25 new species were found.
Contribution to lichenicolous fungi from the Świętokrzyski National Park (Central Poland)
Authors: Łubek Anna
Published: August 2014

Sixteen species of lichenicolous fungi occurring in the Świętokrzyski National Park and its protective zone are presented on the base of recent collection and revision of the herbarial material from this area. Two of the recorded fungi, Stigmidium congestum and Muellerella lichenicola, are very rare in Poland. All presented species are new to thc Świętokrzyskie Mountains.
Some correlations between the occurrence frequency of keratinophilic fungi and selected soil properties
Authors: Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa , Bohacz Justyna
Published: August 2014

The results of studies on the correlation between the occurrence frequency of keratinophilic fungi, including geophilic dermatophytes and chrysosporium, and soil properties are presented and discussed in the article. The fraction with 0 < 0.02 mm content and the soil pH were the most significant ecological factors that determined the frequency of occurrence and the distribution of these fungi in the soil
Participation of yeast-like fungi in respiratory system diseases tuberculosis and neoplasms
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Biedunkiewicz Anna , Sucharzewska Ewa
Published: August 2014

The following paper contains the research results (1997·1999). concerning the presence of yeast-like fungi in the human respiratory system (sputum, bronchoscopy material) of 1315 patients of the Specialistic Public Hospital of Lung Diseases and Oncology in Olsztyn with the neoplasm development process end suspicion of tuberculosis. In the studied group the majority of patients with neoplasms (452 people: 311 female and 141 male) were infected with fungi. The were isolated from 280 women (90%) and 130 men (92%). Among 78 people suspicion of tuberculosis and treated with series of antibiotics only two cases mycobacterium was obtained. All the 76 patients the presence of mycobacterium was not found, although, the clinical symptomps and radiological researches indicated tuberculosis. In total 9 species fungi were isolated: Candida, Saccharomycopsis and Trichosporon. The Candida albicans dominated. The results obtained confirm negative influence of the modern antibiotics and neoplastic therapy, which succession is the drastic decrease in cellular resistance ad activity of pathogenic fungi often imitating symptoms other diseases (e.g. tuberculosis).
Introduction Mastery and Method in Poetry: Osip Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante”
Authors: Vaingurt Julia
Published: August 2014

One of the greatest controversies in Dante scholarship concerns the authenticity of the epistle to Cangrande della Scala, in which the poet (if it is indeed him) provides his patron with exegetical and epistemological strategies to be applied in approaching Paradiso,the third part of his Divine Comedy.Accompanying this section as a gift to della Scala, the epistle in itself would not have appeared in any sense out of the ordinary had it not followed its requisite dedication with an extensive commentary on the poem. It is hardly surprising, then, that scholars heatedly debate the authorship of this letter, which purports no less than to prescribe how the Paradisoshould be read, claiming authority of and over the text. Most significantly, the epistle contends that, just like scripture, the Divine Comedyis “polysemous, that is, having many meanings,” requiring a manifold approach; specifically, the author of the letter cites the availability of literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical readings.
Keeping Time: Reading and Writing in “Conversation about Dante”
Authors: Emery Jacob
Published: August 2014

This article approaches Osip Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante” as a demonstration of and meditation on reading. As such, Mandel ‘stam's essay addresses the perennial problems of our relationship to the authority of writing and the preservation of literary culture across time, largely through a cluster of metaphors around the central image of a conductor's baton. The visible instrument of musical measure, the baton figures synesthetic transcription in the arts and, most urgently, the undulating line of script traced by the writing pen that becomes realized as waves of sound in the poem's oral performance. “Keeping Time” elucidates the philosophy of notation and performance to which the figure of the baton alludes, and contextualizes it within Mandel'shtam's efforts to reconcile the political and poetical functions of written authority.
The Borsa: The Black Market for Rock Music in Late Socialist Bulgaria
Authors: Ganev Venelin I.
Published: August 2014

This paper offers an empirical description and analytical interpretation of the borsa—the largest black market for rock music in Bulgaria in the 1980s. The text illuminates the distinct characteristics of the urban locale that became the focal point of rock fans’ desires and ambitions, examines how the interactions between the entrepreneurs who supplied the music and their adoles-cent clients were embedded in enduring networks of trust, and explores the peculiarities of the borsa as a site where western works of art were mechanically reproduced. It also demonstrates that the place where admirers of rock music met was enlivened by political energies and deliberately demarcated as a space in which ideological differences could manifest themselves, thus contesting Alexei Yurchak's argument that in late socialism it was possible to be loyal to and love “both Lenin and Led Zeppelin.“
Pressuring the Politburo: The Committee of the Bulgarian Women's Movement and State Socialist Feminism
Authors: Ghodsee Kristen
Published: August 2014

National women's organizations were a ubiquitous feature of all of the eastern European communist nations. Although the specificities of these organizations varied from country to country, they were all state-run mass organizations variously charged with mobilizing domestic women and representing their nations at international forums concerning women's rights. In the west, these state women's organizations were treated with suspicion; they were often viewed as tools of authoritarian control, mobilizing women to fulfill party goals. It is rarely considered that eastern bloc women may have used their privileged relationship with the Communist Party to promote policies that actually helped women, or that they could push back at male patriarchal elites by appealing to higher communist principles regarding the woman question. This article is a case study of the Committee of the Bulgarian Women's Movement. It demonstrates that this organization, despite its entanglement with the state bureaucracy, was relatively successful in pressuring the Bulgarian Politburo into expanding rights and entitlements to women between 1968 and 1990.
Are juveniles of the enigmatic deep-sea nematode Rhaptothyreus (Rhaptothyreida: Rhaptothyreidae) parasitic?
Authors: Leduc Daniel
Published: August 2014

Rhaptothyreus is arguably the most enigmatic nematode taxon due to a combination of unusual morphological features (e.g., large feather-like amphids, vestigial mouth, trophosome, single spicule), unclear phylogenetic relationships (possible affinities with the Enoplida, Mermithida and Benthimermithida) and a distribution restricted to the deep sea. Here I provide the first record of the genus in the Western Pacific Ocean and describe new morphological features of a moulting juvenile. This specimen is characterised by features that differ markedly from the adults, the most prominent being the absence of cephalic sensillae and amphids and presence of a stylet-like structure in the buccal cavity. Similar contrasts in morphology are found between adults and juveniles of the order Benthimermithida, which is characterised by free-living adults and parasitic juveniles. Other morphological (large body size, presence of trophosome) and distributional characteristics (predominantly deep-sea distribution, juveniles rare/absent in sediments) are also common to both groups. Published records show that Rhaptothyreus is commonly found in oligotrophic environments (e.g., abyssal plain) where organisms bearing symbiotic bacteria are not typically found, which makes the presence of endosymbiotic bacteria inside the trophosome unlikely. These observations are consistent with the existence of a parasitic juvenile life stage in Rhaptothyreus.
Impact of a Rapid Respiratory Panel Test on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Rogers Beverly B. , Shankar Prabhu , Jerris Robert C. , Kotzbauer David , Anderson Evan J. , Watson J. Renee , O'Brien Lauren A. , Uwindatwa Francine , McNamara Kelly , Bost James E.
Published: August 2014

Context

Evolution of polymerase chain reaction testing for infectious pathogens has occurred concurrent with a focus on value-based medicine.

Objective

To determine if implementation of the FilmArray rapid respiratory panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah) (hereafter RRP), with a shorter time to the test result and expanded panel, results in different outcomes for children admitted to the hospital with an acute respiratory tract illness.

Design

Patient outcomes were compared before implementation of the RRP (November 1, 2011, to January 31, 2012) versus after implementation of the RRP (November 1, 2012, to January 31, 2013). The study included inpatients 3 months or older with an acute respiratory tract illness, most admitted through the emergency department. Testing before RRP implementation used batched polymerase chain reaction analysis for respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A and B, with additional testing for parainfluenza 1 through 3 in approximately 11% of patients and for human metapneumovirus in less than 1% of patients. The RRP tested for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1 through 4, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and coronavirus NL62.

Results

The pre-RRP group had 365 patients, and the post-RRP group had 771 patients. After RRP implementation, the mean time to the test result was shorter (383 minutes versus 1119 minutes, P < .001), and the percentage of patients with a result in the emergency department was greater (51.6% versus 13.4%, P < .001). There was no difference in whether antibiotics were prescribed, but the duration of antibiotic use was shorter after RRP implementation (P = .003) and was dependent on receiving test results within 4 hours. If the test result was positive, the inpatient length of stay (P = .03) and the time in isolation (P = .03) were decreased after RRP implementation compared with before RRP implementation.

Conclusions

The RRP decreases the duration of antibiotic use, the length of inpatient stay, and the time in isolation.
A Simple Approach to Sample Size Calculation for Count Data in Matched Cohort Studies
Authors: Gao Dexiang , Grunwald Gary K. , Xub Stanley
Published: August 2014

In matched cohort studies exposed and unexposed individuals are matched on certain characteristics to form clusters to reduce potential confounding effects. Data in these studies are clustered and thus dependent due to matching. When the outcome is a Poisson count, specialized methods have been proposed for sample size estimation. However, in practice the variance of the counts often exceeds the mean (i.e. counts are overdispersed), so that Poisson methods don’t apply. We propose a simple approach for calculating statistical power and sample size for clustered Poisson data when the proportion of exposed subjects in a cluster is constant across clusters. We extend the approach to clustered count data with overdispersion, which is common in practice. We evaluate these approaches with simulation studies and apply them to a matched cohort study examining the association of parental depression with health care utilization. Simulation results show that the methods for estimating power and sample size performed reasonably well under the scenarios examined and were robust in the presence of mixed exposure proportions up to 30%.
La résistance de la nature humaine
Authors: Gauthier Martin
Published: August 2014

Un écart s’est creusé entre la pratique pédopsychiatrique et la pratique psychanalytique depuis trente ans. Toute la psychothérapie a perdu en importance dans cette évolution qui ne concerne pas seulement les psychanalystes mais toute la société. Les changements culturels et sociaux, issus du système capitaliste marchand, apparaissent déterminants dans l’évolution des soins et le déclin de la psychanalyse. Cette dernière voudra résister aux côtés de la nature humaine qu’elle a participé à révéler et qui déborde le cadre réducteur qui lui est imposé par le postulat physicaliste.
La préservation de l’essentiel dans l’espace clinique
Authors: Zaloum Terry
Published: August 2014

L’auteure présente ici le texte remanié de la conférence qu’elle a donnée dans le cadre du Colloque organisé par la revue Filigrane, le 16 novembre 2013 : « Qu’est la psychanalyse devenue ? ». En référence à son expérience de près de 30 ans de travail comme psychologue, puis psychanalyste, oeuvrant dans un hôpital psychiatrique pour enfants et adolescents, elle aborde la difficulté, partagée par bon nombre de cliniciens, de pratiquer avec une orientation psychanalytique dans une institution qui ne fait que peu ou pas de place à cette approche. Sa réflexion l’amène à entrevoir ce qui lui semble le plus important de préserver pour continuer à faire un travail psychanalytique dans les milieux institutionnels. Sa réponse à la question posée par Filigrane se décline ainsi en six points particuliers : la perspective temporelle, l’écoute de la réalité psychique, la menace faite à la langue psychanalytique, l’investissement du clinicien, la question de la résistance et de la survivance, et enfin, la transformation du pessimisme.
Le psychodrame pourquoi faire ? Dramatiser pour dédramatiser ?
Authors: Rayna Claude
Published: August 2014

Dans cet exposé, l’auteur a voulu montrer tout l’intérêt que représente l’activité psychodramatique pour des patients difficiles. Après un bref rappel de la technique du psychodrame analytique, il va étayer son propos par l’exposé d’une prise en charge qui s’est effectuée sur plusieurs années. Il va montrer en rapportant le déroulement de séquences cliniques, comment à travers la répétition active des expériences traumatiques de l’existence, par le travail interprétatif dans le jeu psychodramatique cela permet de les dé-conflictualiser et de les élaborer. Cette technique analytique favorisant la mise en représentation, est aussi un moyen de créer une aire de jeu adaptée aux difficultés du patient sans pour autant agir un agir contre-transférentiel qui rendrait ininterprétable le transfert.
« Le Coin féminin » de Magali : une rubrique féminine pas comme les autres
Authors: Rao Sathya
Published: August 2014

C’est en 1905 que Magali Michelet débarque au Canada avec sa famille. Rien ne pouvait laisser imaginer que cette jeune femme, issue d’un milieu modeste, gagnerait un jour sa place au panthéon des lettres canadiennes-françaises. À peine quelques mois après son installation dans un  « homestead » situé aux environs de la colonie francophone de Legal en Alberta, Magali prend la charge de la rubrique féminine du quotidien francophone Le courrier de l’Ouest dont son frère, Alex, est le rédacteur en chef. Cette charge, Magali l’assumera pendant presque une dizaine d’années avec talent puisque  « Le Coin féminin » comptera parmi ses admiratrices nulle autre que Robertine Barry [Françoise] tout en accueillant parmi ses correspondantes quelques journalistes québécoises de renom. Au fil des années, la rubrique féminine de Magali s’est imposée comme un espace littéraire singulier au sein du paysage de la francophonie albertaine. Véritable carrefour entre l’est et l’ouest du Canada, « Le Coin féminin » a permis également à Magali d’affûter sa plume et d’acquérir une notoriété littéraire nationale.
RNA-guided assembly of Rev-RRE nuclear export complexes
Authors: Bai Yun , Tambe Akshay , Zhou Kaihong , Doudna Jennifer A
Published: August 2014

HIV replication requires nuclear export of unspliced and singly spliced viral transcripts. Although a unique RNA structure has been proposed for the Rev-response element (RRE) responsible for viral mRNA export, how it recruits multiple HIV Rev proteins to form an export complex has been unclear. We show here that initial binding of Rev to the RRE triggers RNA tertiary structural changes, enabling further Rev binding and the rapid formation of a viral export complex. Analysis of the Rev-RRE assembly pathway using SHAPE-Seq and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveals two major steps of Rev-RRE complex formation, beginning with rapid Rev binding to a pre-organized region presenting multiple Rev binding sites. This step induces long-range remodeling of the RNA to expose a cryptic Rev binding site, enabling rapid assembly of additional Rev proteins into the RNA export complex. This kinetic pathway may help maintain the balance between viral replication and maturation.
Clinical Utility of Ductus Venosus Flow in Fetuses With Right‐Sided Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Arya Bhawna , Krishnan Anita , Donofrio Mary T.
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Abnormal ductus venosus flow is associated with fetal compromise and can be present in right‐sided congenital heart disease. We hypothesized that the ductus venosus flow pattern in fetuses with obstructive right‐sided congenital heart disease will have abnormal flow at baseline. Those with nonobstructive disease will have normal flow at baseline. We further hypothesized that abnormal ductus venosus flow will predict fetal compromise.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of fetuses with right‐sided congenital heart disease. Ductus venosus measurements included the presence of atrial reversal, velocity time integral, and peak velocity index. Fetuses were separated into those with obstructive (group 1) and nonobstructive (group 2) lesions. Compromise was defined as fetal distress (pericardial effusion, hydrops, or left ventricular dilatation/dysfunction) or death (fetal/neonatal mortality).

Results

Sixty fetuses with right‐sided congenital heart disease were identified (mean gestational age ± SD, 24.2 ± 5.4 weeks; group 1, n = 45; group 2, n = 15). Ductus venosus reversal was more often present (49% versus 13%; P = .017), and the peak velocity index was significantly higher (1.39 ± 0.67 versus 0.98 ± 0.33; P= .026) in group 1. In group 1,duc‐tus venosus reversal was more often present (93% versus 32%; P < .001), and the peak velocity index was significantly higher (1.87 ± 0.67 versus 1.12 ± 0.53; P< .001) in compromised fetuses. In this group, a peak velocity index higher than 1.57 predicted compromise with 93% sensitivity and 81% specificity. In group 2, ductus venosus reversal was rarely present (n = 2) and was not found in any fetuses who died.

Conclusions

Fetuses with obstructive right‐sided congenital heart disease have ductus venosus reversal at baseline; an abnormal peak velocity index can be used to predict compromise. Fetuses with nonobstructive disease rarely have ductus venosus reversal; the peak velocity index cannot be used to predict outcomes in this group.