bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Harmony Model
Authors: Sarıoğlu Mustafa
Published: August 2024

Vocabulary knowledge is regarded as the major driving force behind all stages of L2 learning and teaching. On the other hand, learners mainly consider mastering a large number of L2 words as one of the most challenging aspects of SLA. L2 teachers are recommended to do their best to offer their students a well-designed vocabulary learning program so that they can face this challenge. However, the literature does not provide consensus on the effective strategies of learning and teaching L2 words. In this respect, this systematic review article aims to explore the core elements of a well-structured vocabulary learning and consolidation program for EFL learners through detailed analyses and evaluations of the literature. In the light of the study findings, a “harmony model” is put forward as a well-orchestrated integration of six practical strategies to create a more pleasing effect on the lexical competence of EFL learners through systematic vocabulary instruction, which might pose some methodological implications for EFL learners, teachers, teacher trainers, and curriculum designers.
Challenges in Large Language Model Development and AI Ethics
Authors: Sandfreni  , Bansal Ritika
Published: August 2024

In the digital era, ethical AI development is crucial. This chapter outlines an ethics framework emphasizing fairness, accountability, and transparency. It advocates integrating ethical considerations throughout the AI lifecycle and forming multidisciplinary teams, including ethicists, to ensure alignment with ethical norms. Deployment requires adaptable decision-making frameworks to address evolving ethical challenges. Continuous assessment of AI's societal impact, including stakeholder feedback, is vital. The chapter stresses ongoing vigilance, inclusive discourse, and adaptability to meet AI's evolving challenges and promote societal betterment.
Transparency and Accountability
Authors: Pappachan Princy , Moslehpour Massoud , Bansal Ritika , Rahaman Mosiur
Published: August 2024

The rapid growth and application of AI has ushered in ground-breaking technologies like LLMs. However, these innovations also bring significant challenges related to transparency and accountability, especially considering the complex neural network architectures and vast training datasets. This chapter thus explores the journey of AI from rule-based systems to the current ML and deep neural network, identifying the black box problem that plagues the decision-making process in LLMs. The chapter introduces strategies for enhancing transparency using explainable AI (XAI) frameworks to address these issues, offering practical solutions to quantify and improve transparency. Accountability is also emphasized through a detailed protocol for assigning responsibility across AI development phases, reinforced by ethical auditing and reporting methodologies. Mathematical equations and frameworks are also presented to compute transparency scores and accountability measures, providing organizations with structured, actionable guidelines for building transparent, fair, and ethical AI systems.
Data Ethics and Privacy
Authors: Phattanaviroj Thanaporn , Moslehpour Massoud , Walawalkar Ankita Manohar
Published: August 2024

The publicity about information does not appear to decrease nor do the disgraces. Confidentiality openings in the collection, use, and distribution of data have affected all the major technology users, be it Facebook, Google, and AI go beyond the business world with administrations, cities, and educational and health organizations. However, with the speedy growth of social media and advanced technology such as mobile phone apps, various investors gather and use great quantities of data, ignoring ethics and privacy. This chapter explores and discusses the ethical considerations surrounding data collection and use, with a specific focus on privacy concerns related to Large Language Model (LLM) training data. The research further discovers topics such as anonymization, data rights, and consensus, aiming to highlight the importance of ethical practices in conducting data. Additionally, the inclusion of case studies on data misuse and privacy breaches serves to provide real-world examples, emphasizing the need for vigilance and responsible approaches in the realm of data collection and utilization.
Machine Learning and Molecular Simulation
Authors: Jendoubi Ibtissem , Hendaoui Hamza , Essefi Elhoucine
Published: August 2024

Understanding complex quantum systems with many interacting particles is a major physical challenge. Classical methods struggle due to the exponential increase in complexity as the number of particles increases. This study explores two promising approaches: present an overview of the state-of-the-art research related to molecular dynamics and machine learning. The first approach studies diabaticity using a neural network, which offers richer dynamic properties than atoms. By studying the hybrid calcium system, CaH2, the authors present PESs adiabatic and diabatic of the ground state and the first excited state. As scoop results presented for the first time, detailed analysis identified new approaches to molecular dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The second approach tackles the problem from a computational perspective. Machine learning algorithms, particularly interpretable methods such as neural networks (NN) with influence functions, have been explored.
Boosting Inference and Decision Making in Edge AI Networks Through Quantum Computing and Collective Dynamics of 'Small-World' Networks
Authors: Kumar Loveleen , Babu S. B. G. Tilak , Palav Manesh R. , Kumar Anil , Pawar Vikas V. , Swaroop Chigurupati Ravi
Published: August 2024

This research investigates a novel strategy to improve the capabilities of edge artificial intelligence networks to reach conclusions and make decisions. This is accomplished through the utilization of various computing methods and the utilization of the collaborative dynamics of ‘small world' networks. Because of resource constraints and complex data environments, traditional edge AI networks usually suffer limitations in processing power and decision delicacy. These limitations can be a source of frustration. The purpose of this investigation is to suggest a paradigm shift toward more efficient and significant calculation at the edge by using the concepts of amount calculation. Additionally, the study analyzes how collaborative relations among bumps can improve information propagation and decision agreement inside the network. This investigation is motivated by the geste of small-world networks. Through theoretical analysis and simulation trials, this chapter demonstrates the potential for this approach to significantly improve performance and scalability.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment With Current Machine Learning Methods and Future Integration of Quantum Networks
Authors: Ramyasri M. M. , Yoga M. , Tamilarasu P. , Raj Madan , Maria Subiksha S. , Abhishek S.
Published: August 2024

Heart strokes represent a significant global health concern, affecting individuals across diverse age groups, including children and teenagers. By applying the power of machine learning and analyzing crucial indicators such as age, gender, body mass index, average glucose level, smoking habits, employment status, and living conditions, the authors aim to predict the occurrence of heart strokes even before they happen. Various machine learning techniques, including support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, gaussian naive bayes, k-nearest neighbor's (KNN), decision trees, random forest, and XGBoost, are employed to classify an individual's stroke risk level. The assessment offers a comprehensive comparison of these algorithms, ultimately identifying the most effective approach. Additionally, the authors explore the integration of quantum networks to enhance the predictive capabilities of these machine learning models, potentially revolutionizing the accuracy and efficiency of heart stroke prediction.
QIoT
Authors: Kumar K. Praveen , Bandyopadhyay Krishnan , Babu S. B. G. Tilak , Kumar Anil , Singarapu Sunil , Rajaan Rajesh
Published: August 2024

This research introduces a novel approach that addresses this issue by combining the quantum internet of things (QIoT) with AI techniques. Quantum networks offer unparalleled opportunities for data processing and communication by leveraging entanglement and superposition to improve safety and performance. Artificial intelligence systems utilize the enormous processing power of quantum computing to evaluate this data in real-time, thereby identifying patterns, predicting pain episodes, and providing personalized treatments. The intelligent technology detailed in this chapter optimizes treatment methods by adjusting to the unique pain profiles of each patient and delivering opportune interventions, including medication reminders, posture alarms, and personalized exercise routines. In conclusion, the internet of things (IoT) is introducing a new era of precise healthcare, specifically in the context of addressing the pervasive issue of back pain, as a result of the emergence of quantum networks and AI.
Shark (Neoselachii) vertebral centra from the Quaternary of southern Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Sheron , Francischini Heitor , Oddone Maria Cristina , Cardoso Luís Gustavo , Dentzien-Dias Paula
Published: August 2024

We describe for the first time in the Lago Colhué Huapi Formation (Coniacian–Maastricthian), south Central Patagonia, Argentina, continental bioerosion traces on dinosaur remains. Specifically, six different morphotypes, showing also different morphologic patterns, were identified. The preliminary identification of the trace makers include: crocodyliform, possibly a peirosaurid notosuchian (morphotypes A and B), a theropod dinosaur (morphotype C), and the activity of arthropod pupation (morphotype D), and insects such as termites and dermestids (morphotypes E and F). This study increases our knowledge about the biodiversity registered to the moment in the Lago Colhué Huapi Formation and specifically for the “middle section” of this formation, probably Santonian–early Maastrichtian in age. These bioerosion traces support a warm climate with periods of semi-aridity or at least drier conditions as it was proposed for this interval of time in this section of the formation. Keywords: bone modification, ichnofossils, Late Cretaceous.
Yoga and Other Alternative Therapies to Fight Against COVID-19 Effectively: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tyagi Prakhar , Jain Khushbu , Basavaraddi Ishwara V.
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic had an immense impact on the world, affecting millions of people and prompting medical professionals to work tirelessly to save lives. In addition to conventional medicine, ancient Indian practices such as Yoga, Ayurveda, and Homeopathy played a significant role in managing the disease. This systematic review evaluates the effects of Yoga and other alternative therapies on COVID-19 complications. Various electronic bibliographic databases, including Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, AYUSH research portal, WHO COVID-19 Research Database, and Google Scholar, were searched up until December 31, 2022. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The screening process of the initial 2034 identified articles yielded 15 randomized controlled trials, which incorporated Yoga (n = 5), Ayurveda (n = 7), Homeopathy (n = 2), and Yoga with Ayurveda (n = 1). All the studies showed significant effects of Yoga and other alternative therapies on time taken for recovery, inflammatory markers, or questionnaire scores in COVID-19-infected individuals or survivors. The findings of this systematic review indicate that Yoga, Ayurveda, and Homeopathy, alongside conventional medicine, are effective in managing complications related to COVID-19. However, to improve the quality of evidence, further studies with larger sample sizes and multi-level blinding are necessary.
Assessment of Heart Rate Variability and Energy Expenditure Index during Ambulation on Uneven Surface Among Young Adults of Aged 18–30 years
Authors: Yaseen Mohammed , Maharaj B. M. Aaniya
Published: August 2024

Context:

Walking on uneven surfaces is a common daily activity that presents unique challenges to the human body’s energy expenditure and cardiovascular system. This research delves into the unique demands of navigating such surfaces, focusing on two key metrics: energy expenditure index (EEI) and heart rate variability (HRV). Understanding how these physiological parameters are affected during ambulation on irregular terrain is crucial for various fields, including sports science, rehabilitation, and occupational health.

Aim:

Despite the ubiquity of uneven terrain ambulation in low- and middle-income countries, the physiological responses to such terrain remain understudied. This external pilot study addresses this gap by investigating HRV and EEI during ambulation on various uneven surfaces in healthy young adults.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate how HRV parameters and EEI respond to ambulation on various uneven surfaces such as roads, grass, sand, and pebbles.

Methods and Material:

This observational cross-sectional study employed a convenience sample of 35 healthy young adults aged 18–30 years. Participants completed 5-min walks on various surfaces (level, road, grass, sand, and pebbles), whereas HRV and EEI were measured using a polar H10 HR monitor and the elite HRV mobile application and EEI through standard formula.

Results:

Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality, and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests. No statistically significant differences in HRV or EEI were found between level, sand, pebbles, road, or grass surfaces in healthy young adults (P > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions:

While healthy young adults adapted readily to navigating diverse uneven terrain, showing no significant changes in HRV or EEI, research with larger, diverse samples, and longer exposure is needed to confirm clinical implications for populations with lower adaptability or facing more challenging surfaces.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Parents toward Early Childhood Development in Belagavi City: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chivate Shukra , Hawaldar Saniya
Published: August 2024

Context:

As the educational levels and socioeconomic status of parents are low in developing countries, providing knowledge about early childhood development (ECD), the importance of early stimulation, proper caregiving practices, and ensuring the quality of the home environment through an integrated intervention is critical. In this situation, it is also critical to consider and assess the parental facts, attitudes, and practices before devising any intervention strategy. Hence, the current study intended to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents in ECD.

Materials and Methods:

An observational study was conducted in Belagavi City on 200 parents of children between the age group of 0 and 5 years. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the parents about ECD visiting the well-baby clinic and pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Statistical Analysis:

For the test of significance, Chi-square and multiple liner regression analysis were used to find out the relationship between factors and to find the dependency status between dependent and independent variables.

Results:

In knowledge, P = 0.001 indicated significant knowledge of parents about the ECD, providing a strong understanding of their child’s development. The parents frequently paid attention to their children’s behavior, indicating that they had a positive attitude toward their children’s growth with a significant P = 0.001, and in the practice part, P = 0.001 indicated good significant practice of parents by frequently performing home learning techniques.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that parents exhibit significant knowledge, positive attitudes, and effective practices regarding child development for children aged 0 to 5 years.
Effect of Sensory Re-education in Combination with Balance Training on Fall Risk and Quality of Life in Elderly Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients: A Pre- and Postclinical Trial
Authors: Dharwadkar Raghavendreasingh , Behere Tanvi , Thakare Siddhi , Joshi Vaidehi , Pujar Varun
Published: August 2024

Background:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) being a complication of diabetes affects balance and causes sensory impairment which links to deterioration of quality of life. As the age advances the risk of fall due to DPN also increases, and hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of sensory re-education in combination with balance training on fall risk and quality of life in elderly DPN patients.

Methodology:

This study includes 27 participants meeting the inclusion criteria which include 60–75 of age, who can ambulate with or without assistance and modified Toronto clinical scoring scale ≥6–8. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, and quality of life by EuroQol-5Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5 L), respectively. Those who had diabetic foot ulcers and other neurological impairments were excluded from the study.

Results:

There was significant improvement in balance quality of life and reduction in fall risk (P = 0.001 <0.05) after 4 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion:

A significant improvement in balance, quality of life, and reduction of fall risk is seen in older adults with DPN.
Mapping Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI's) Exciting Future: From Gemini to Q* and Beyond
Authors: Akhtar Zarif Bin
Published: August 2024

This research investigates the transformative potential of Mixture of Experts (MoE) and multimodal learning within generative AI, exploring their roles in advancing towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). By leveraging a combination of specialized models, MoE addresses scalability and computational limitations, enabling more nuanced and robust modelling across diverse data modalities. The research exploration draws inspiration from pioneering projects like Google's Gemini and OpenAI's anticipated Q* to push the boundaries of AI capabilities. The objectives include exploring the impact of MoE on generative AI, investigating multimodal learning's role in achieving AGI, conducting experiments to demonstrate MoE's effectiveness across various domains, and assessing the influence of AI-generated preprints on the peer-review process. Ethical considerations are also emphasized, advocating for AI development that aligns with societal well-being. The methodology employs techniques from social network analysis to examine the current landscape and future possibilities of MoE and multimodal learning. Experiments conducted across healthcare, finance, and education demonstrate a 25% increase in training efficiency and a 30% improvement in output quality when using MoE compared to traditional single-model approaches. The analysis of AI-generated preprints highlights their significant impact on the peer-review process and scholarly communication. The findings underscore the potential of MoE and multimodal learning to propel generative AI towards AGI. The study advocates for responsible AI development, aligned with human-centric values and societal well-being, and proposes strategic directions for future research. This research promotes the balanced and ethical integration of MoE, multimodality, and AGI in generative AI, fostering equitable distribution and ethical usage of AI technologies.
A Machine Learning-Based Method for Predicting the Classification of Aircraft Damage
Authors: Rosadi Imron , Franciscus Freddy , Widanto Muhammad Hadi
Published: August 2024

Efficient and accurate classification of aircraft damage is paramount in ensuring the safety and reliability of air transportation. This research uses a machine learning-based approach tailored to predict the classification of aircraft damage with high precision and reliability to achieve data-driven insights as input for the improvement of safety standards. Leveraging a diverse dataset encompassing various types and severities of damage instances, our methodology harnesses the power of machine learning algorithms to discern patterns and correlations within the data. The approach involves using extensive datasets consisting of various structural attributes, flight data, and environmental conditions. The Random Forest algorithm, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Networks methods used in the research are more accurate than traditional methods, providing detailed information on the factors contributing to damage severity. By using machine learning, maintenance schedules can be optimized and flight safety can be improved. This research is a significant step toward predictive maintenance, which is poised to improve safety standards in the aerospace industry.
On the topologies of the exponential
Authors: Cepek Anna , Lejay Damien
Published: August 2024

Factorization algebras have been defined using three different topologies on the Ran space. We study these three different topologies on the exponential, which is the union of the Ran space and the empty configuration, and show that an exponential property is satisfied in each case. As a consequence, we describe the weak homotopy type of the exponential

\mathrm{Exp}(X)

for each topology, in the case where

X

is not (necessarily) connected.We also study these exponentials as stratified spaces and show that the metric exponential is conically stratified for a general class of spaces. As a corollary, we obtain that locally constant factorization algebras defined by Beilinson–Drinfeld are equivalent to locally constant factorization algebras defined by Lurie.
The Dirichlet problem for inhomogeneous mixed-type equation with Lavrent'ev-Bitsadze operator
Authors: Sabitov Kamil Basirovich
Published: August 2024

The first boundary value problem for a mixed type equation with Lavrent'ev-Bitsadze
operator in a rectangular domain is studied.
We show that well-posedness of the problem depends substantially on the
ratio of the sides of the rectangle from the hyperbolic part of the mixed domain.
A criterion for uniqueness of a solution is established.
The solution is constructed as the Fourier series.
The justification of uniform convergence of the series leads to the
problem of small denominators.
In this regard, we give estimates for small denominators to be separated from zero, the
corresponding asymptotic formulas are obtained.
These estimates are applied to show the convergence of the series in the class
of regular solutions of this equation.
Estimates for stability of the solution with respect to given boundary functions and the right-hand side are established.
Sustainability of Africa through technological innovations and indigenous knowledge systems: a discussion of key factors and way forward
Authors: Muwanga-Zake Johnnie Wycliffe Frank , Kibukamusoke Martha
Published: August 2024

Contemporary African development is imposed through globally (internationally) benchmarked educational, technological and economic systems principally steered by the Industrial Revolutions (IR). IR prepares Africans to predominantly serve sustainability of foreign economic and therefore educational interests. Africa is thus academically detached from the local developmental challenges, this leading to the current psyche of negative narratives about Africa as a third world continent of charity deficient of own knowledge systems. It is argued that Africa’s ability to develop sustainably is linked with its ability to secure its environment whilst adding value to its resources and this will be enhanced by the adoption and inclusion of African values including some of its philosophical fundamentals such as Obuntubulamu (Ubuntu). A hybrid of Obuntubulamu as a philosophical fundamental among Bantu in Africa and the contemporary global development models could be an alternative pathway to salvaging African development. This follows on the observation that valid African discourses and paradigms such as Obuntubulamu enhance the research capacity and knowledge to develop Bantu communities as well as their Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) (Muwanga-Zake, 2017). In trying to bridge the gap between IKS and international development models, the authors use a perspective lens to propose frameworks that are appropriate to capture IKS and technological epistemic knowledge practices and provide highlights on the perceived paradoxes. The authors simultaneously discuss how these can be managed to improve sustainable development in African societies. The proposed paradigm deliberately shifts participation towards Higher Education Institutions (HEI).
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Muwanga-Zake, J. W. F. & Kibukamusoke, M. (2024). Sustainability of Africa through technological innovations and indigenous knowledge systems: a discussion of key factors and way forward. African Journal of Social Work, 14(2), 59-69. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i2.2
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Intensifying psychosocial support for child headed household learners in schools for sense of belonging and sustainable learning
Authors: Lepheana Alice , Alexander Gregory
Published: August 2024

The paper addresses the social challenges which affect learners from child-headed households (CHHs) and impact them psychologically in learning. The observation of poor academic performance emanating from different challenges they experience, specifically in school, suggests a need to intensify psychosocial support. CHHs in South Africa, as in other countries, is an increasingly significant problem noticed since 2000. Through Critical emancipatory theory and participatory action research (PAR), different stakeholders from the society in Xhariep district were identified, meetings and open-ended face-to-face free attitude interviews were conducted with six CHH learners as key role-players to gather suitable data. The research found that anger, low self-esteem, learner behaviour and lack of appropriate life skills were main challenges experienced. Critical discourse was helpful in analysing data. Consequently, different workshops were conducted as a means of empowerment and intensifying psychosocial support (PSS), leading to the emergence of an appropriate framework. The study concludes by highlighting amongst other recommendations that this phenomenon`s existence be acknowledged in different societies and communities, also psychosocial support as intensified be implemented in all other schools with CHH challenges and even similar challenges. 
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Lepheana, A. & Alexander, G. (2024). Intensifying psychosocial support for child headed household learners in schools for sense of belonging and sustainable learning. African Journal of Social Work, 14(2), 83-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i2.4
 Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Flood risk management: perspectives from Europe, Africa, And Asia
Authors: Ruma Murtala Mohammed , Abdulmajid Rufai
Published: August 2024

Flooding is a general or temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry areas of land from overflow of inland or tidal waters or unusual and rapid accumulation of surface water. The impacts of flooding include mortality, widespread infections and vector-borne diseases, homelessness, and food insecurity, among others. This paper attempts to review the issues related to Flood Risk Management (FRM) in Europe, Asia, and Africa. These include flood risk perception and preparedness, integrated flood risk management, and its challenges. The rationale behind this review stems from the necessity of public awareness and risk perception of the scenario as essential prerequisites for adaptation. This is due to the fact that perception frequently drives behavior. For those involved in risk management policy and action, it will provide a clear image, and it can also be used as a vantage point for further research. It has been found that some of the hurdles faced by FRM include the politicization of techniques, a lack of funding and experienced individuals, inadequate assessment tools, and inadequate data. Anarchy in social and environmental governance exacerbates socio-economic and ecological degradation, while delays, dominance, and fragmented approaches are making FRM more challenging and costly. There is a need for collaborative and pragmatic approaches to manage the impacts of flooding, with researchers continuing to offer critical perspectives as the relationship develops.
Bounds of substructures of partially ordered multisets
Authors: Balogun F. , Shehu A. , Yusuf A. O.
Published: August 2024

Multiset theory naturally extends the classical set theory by considering the number of times an object occurs in a given collection. This work studies notions of bounds on an ordered multiset. The ordered multiset structure is obtained via the ordering induced by the underlying base set, which is assumed to be partially ordered. Analogous concepts of infimum and supremum are defined on substructures of the ordered multiset. In the sequel, some examples are outlined and new results are established on the ordered multiset structure.
Ensemble-based predictive model for crop recommendation
Authors: Olalere Morufu , Aimufua Gilbert I.O. , Abdullahi Muhammad Umar , Egga Bako Halilu
Published: August 2024

Agriculture is a vital industry that supplies food, textiles, and other basic goods to people globally. Agricultural crop production has a vital role in influencing the economy and the well-being of farmers. Nevertheless, farmers are facing substantial challenges due to the profound changes in environmental conditions. A significant challenge they have is determining the most suitable crop for their specific location that will optimize both production and profitability. Choosing suitable crop types for a certain area may be difficult due to the need for skills and experience in evaluating elements such as soil composition, climatic conditions, moisture levels, precipitation, and temperature. Multiple researchers have devised several approaches to tackle the issue of crop recommendation. Nevertheless, a significant share of these models is specifically tailored for a certain job or are amalgamations that include two or three machine-learning algorithms. These current models have restricted prediction accuracy and elevated rates of false positives, rendering them inappropriate for the intricacy of the job at hand. This study explores the field of precision agriculture with the objective of improving crop recommendation systems via the use of an ensemble-based prediction model. This paper incorporates KNN, Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost as a series of machine learning models. A stacked ensemble prediction model is created by training, evaluating, and comparing the Random Forest classifier with the stacked ensemble prediction model. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed method exhibits exceptionally high accuracy, reaching 99.8%, exceeding the performance of prior studies. Through the application of advanced predictive modeling techniques, this paper demonstrates how agricultural operations can be improved.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous Curcuma longa rhizome extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Ezeuko V.C. , Omorogbe E.I.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to assess the protective potentials of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa rhizome on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in adult Wistar rats. 30 male adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 250 g were used in the study and were randomly assigned into 6 groups containing 5 rats each. The study lasted for eight weeks; Group 1 served as control and received no administration. Group 2 received 1 ml/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride; group 3 received 200 mg/kg body weight of Curcuma longa extract; group 4 received 400 mg/kg body weight of Curcuma longa extract; group 5 received 1 ml/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride and 200 mg/kg body weight of Curcuma longa; group 6 received 1 ml/kg body weight of carbon tetrachloride and 400 mg/kg body weight of Curcuma longa. Carbon tetrachloride group showed statistical significant increase in liver enzyme activities compared to with control. All treated groups showed statistical significant low liver enzyme activities compared with Carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride group showed statistical significant alteration in the antioxidant activities of the liver compared with control group. In all the treated groups, antioxidant activities were normal compared with Carbon tetrachloride. H&E stain revealed carbon tetrachloride caused grade 2 steatosis. Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 showed grade 0 steatosis. Groups 6 and 7 showed grade 1 steatosis. Masson’s trichrome stain revealed carbon tetrachloride caused grade 3 fibrosis. Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 showed Grade 0 fibrosis. Groups 6 and 7 showed grade 2 fibrosis. Conclusively, aqueous extract of Curcuma longa rhizome showed protective potentials against carbon tetrachloride – induced liver toxicity in adult Wistar rats.
Determinants of preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at Shiek Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital in Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study
Authors: Mesfin Sinetibeb , Lami Megersa , Lemma Elizabeth , Abebe Dawit
Published: August 2024

Background: Complications of prematurity are one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of five across the world.  Preterm delivery can cause cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,  neurocognitive deficits, and poor academic performance in children. All of these problems lead to poor quality of life and long-term health effects. Despite significant reductions in neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, preterm birth rates remain high. The objective of the study  is to identify the determinants of preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at Sheik-Hassen Yebere Jigjiga University Referral  Hospital from June 1 to July 30, 2021 .
Methods : An unmatched case-control study design was employed among 381 mothers (127 cases and 254 controls) who delivered at  Sheik-Hassen Yebere Jigjiga University Referral Hospital in Jigjiga Town between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. The medical  records of eligible participants were randomly selected using a computer-generated simple random sampling method. Both bivariate and  multivariable logistic regression models were used, and independent determinants were determined based on adjusted odds ratios  with 95% confidence intervals and a pvalue of less than 0.05 .
Results: A total of 381 charts were reviewed, 127 cases, and 254 controls. The mean gestational age was 32.5+2.57SD and 39+2.57SD  weeks for preterm and term respectively. History of less than or equal to 4 ANC visits (AOR 6.43 CI 3.1-13.20), male fetus (AOR 2.04, 95% CI  1.2-5.2), reside in rural areas (AOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.4-6.74), maternal hemoglobin level <11mg/dL (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 1.4- 13.2), neonates  who had congenital birth defects (AOR 3.49 CI 1.4.4-8.68) were significantly associated with preterm birth. 
Conclusion: Based on the factors that contribute to preterm birth, it is important to encourage pregnant women to regularly take iron  and folic acid supplements and to attend their scheduled antenatal care visits. In addition, improving healthcare accessibility in rural  regions is crucial.
Bladder plexiform neurofibroma in a 4-year-old male child with neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report
Authors: Abebe Hiyaw , Jiffar Amanuel Damie , Kefenie Daniel Hailu
Published: August 2024

Bladder plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is a rare disease entity that is challenging to treat. We report a 4 year old male child who had  presented with a suprapubic abdominal swelling and irritative voiding symptoms of one year duration. The child had a palpable  suprapubic mass, multiple café au lait macules over his body. The father had similar skin lesions. Imaging revealed diffuse asymmetric  thickening of the bladder wall. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Selumetinib was offered as a treatment option.
Experimental Analysis on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Aluminium-Fly Ash Composite
Authors: Emekwisia Chukwudubem , Olelewe Chibueze , Ibeachusi Chikezie , Oguntola Victor , Akhabue Odion
Published: August 2024

An experimental study on the mechanical and microstructural properties of Aluminium - Fly ash composite was carried out using stir casting process. The strengthening of aluminium was achieved by the addition of varying weight percent of fly ash into the aluminium matrix in the following variations 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The percentage weight of fly ash was weighed and added to the appropriate volume of molten aluminium. The Mechanical test which include tensile strength test, yield strength, % elongation and young's modulus were carried out on the samples. The outcome showed that at 10% weight of the fly ash, the optimum tensile strength was obtained at 109.41 MPa, the optimum yield strength at 107.76 MPa, and the % elongation at 15.1%. However, the optimum strength of the Young's modulus (2983.21 Joules) was obtained at the 20% weight of fly ash. It can therefore be deduced from this experiment that Aluminium-Fly ash composite attained most of its optimum properties at the 10% weight of fly ash. This experiment was carried out in other to strengthen the aluminium metal, and to determine at what weight percent can this strength be achieved using fly-ash. It then showed that at 10% fly ash, aluminium gave optimum strength. This mean that decrease in the fly ash increases the tensile strength of the composite. This study further gave clarity on the composition of Aluminium-fly ash, which possesses good enough strength for application in automobile industries.
An Unusual presentation of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in a Nigerian: A case report
Authors: Sani H.
Published: August 2024

Background: Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic disorder which present with different manifestation. This is an unusual case of cutaneous  sarcoidosis with extensive polymorphic lesions on the skin as the only organ involved.
Case Report: Mrs. A.O, a 28 year old house-wife presented with a one year history of progressive itchy, reddish, raised skin rashes for one  year. Lesions were initially localized to the chest and limbs but subsequently involved the whole body including the palms and soles.  No history of fever or weight loss. On examination, she had generalized erythematous, annular and arcuate plaques with areas of active  edges involving the whole body including the palms and soles. Healed lesions were atrophic and hyperpigmented (Figure 1). No mucosal  involvement. Her chest radiograph, FBC, ESR, LFT, serum Calcium, ACE levels (20U/L) and ECG were normal, while her Mantoux and Gene  expert test was negative. Biopsy of the lesion showed dermal infiltrates, composed of epithelioid histocytes disposed in nodules as well  as multinucleated giant cells of langhans and foreign body types features consistent with cutaneous annular sarcoidosis (Figure 3 and 4).  She was placed on systemic steroids followed by topical steroids and made significant improvement. (figure 2)
Conclusion: Sarcoidosis is  not common in our environment and cutaneous manifestation as the sole presentation is even rarer. We report one such case with skin  as the sole organ affected and equally of interest is the extensive nature of the lesions observed.
Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Intestinal Parasite Prevention in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Masaka Sector, Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Ntezimana Jean Nepomuscene , Muragire Roger , Umuhoza Naomie , Dushime Delice , Ishimwe Christian , Byiringiro Oscar , Wabwire Paul Francis , Iradukunda Rwema Prince , Ayodeji Okesina Akeem
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections pose a significant health burden globally, particularly in developing nations. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of caregivers regarding the prevention of intestinal parasites among children under 5 years of age in Masaka sector of Kigali, Rwanda. 
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling, incorporating purposive and simple random sampling methods to recruit 383 participants. 
RESULTS: This study indicated a high level of awareness among participants regarding symptoms associated with intestinal parasites, with 86.1% recognizing vomiting and 83% acknowledging diarrhea. However, only 26.1% were aware of weight loss as a symptom. Factors such as symptom intensity, cultural differences, and educational backgrounds influenced awareness levels. Notably, 61.1% of caregivers rated preventing infections as "very important," while 26.9% considered it "extremely important," reflecting a strong consensus on safeguarding child health. Furthermore, over 70% emphasized the significance of handwashing, clean water, and sanitation in preventing intestinal parasites. 
CONCLUSION: While caregivers demonstrate an understanding of common symptoms and sources of intestinal parasite infection, knowledge gaps persist regarding prevention strategies. Nonetheless, a significant majority of caregivers exhibit commendable preventive practices.
Enhancing initial formation for spiritual discernment of private revelations in the Redemptorist Vice-Province of Nigeria
Authors: Nwokoro Henry Ifeanyichukwu , Mwania Prof. Patrick , Muasa Dr. Wambua Pius
Published: August 2024

This study was motivated by the pastoral need to effectively guide the laity who  often come to Priests and Religious seeking guidance in discerning private revelations such as dreams, locutions, visions, and prophetic messages. Christians have become victims of false prophets, fraudsters, and charlatans, who pontificate claims of private revelations as means for manipulating others. Despite this, there is little in the formation program to prepare Priests and Religious for spiritual discernment of private revelations. The main objective of the study was to explore ways of enhancing initial formation for spiritual discernment of private revelations in the Redemptorist Vice-Province of Nigeria. This qualitative study adopted an exploratory research design. The study utilized an Interview Guide for data collection. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 16 formators to participate in the study. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the data that was collected. Findings revealed that through competent formators, change of mindset, spiritual direction, spiritual reading, introducing a new course, focusing more on learning, and community sharing, candidates can better be prepared for discerning private revelations.
PENERAPAN MEDIA FILM ANIMASI NUSSA DAN RARA TERHADAP NILAI AGAMA DAN MORAL PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI KELOMPOK BERMAIN SAYAN TOLAS
Authors: Ningsih Pitri , Nugraha Asep Eka , Kartini Kartini
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan Penerapan Media Film Animasi Nussa dan Rara terhadap Nilai Agama dan Moral pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di Kelompok Bermain Sayan Tolas.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif. Tempat penelitian di Kelompok Bermain Sayan Tolas. Subjek dalam penelitian yaitu guru dan kepala sekolah dan objek penelitian yaitu Penerapan Nilai Agama dan Moral anak usia 5-6 tahun melalui Media Film Animasi Nussa dan Rara. Instrumen penelitian lembar wawancara dan lembar observasi. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui teknik pengumpulan data, pengolahan data dan analisis data. Data tersebut menggunakan triangulasi data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Penerapan Media Film Animasi Nussa dan Rara terhadap Nilai Agama pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di Kelompok Bermain  Sayan  Tolas,  seperti  mengenal  agama  yang  dianut,  meniru  gerakan ibadah  dengan  urutan  yang  benar,  berdoa  sebelum  dan  sesudah  melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran yang ditanamkan melalui mengenalkan dan mengajarkan kepada anak apa saja perintah Allah dan kewajiban kita sebagai umatnya, melaksanakan/melakukan  gerakan  ibadah  dengan  urutan  yang  benar, membiasakan  anak  untuk  melakukan  semua  aktivitas  di  awali  dan  di  akhiri dengan berdoa. (2) Penerapan Media Film Animasi Nussa dan Rara terhadap Nilai Moral pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di Kelompok Bermain Sayan Tolas, seperti saling menghargai, kejujuran, tanggung jawab yang ditanamkan melalui menghargai sesama, berani berkata jujur dan meminta maaf, berani untuk bertanggung jawab atas konsekuensi yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa  penerapan media film animasi Nussa dan Rara dalam mengenalkan nilai agama dan moral sangat efektif diterapkan pada anak sehingga diharapkan anak dapat menerapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, di lingkungan keluarga, sekolah dan lingkungan sosial di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Media Film, Animasi, Nilai Agama, Nilai Moral
PENGARUH LAYANAN BERMAIN BERSAMA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL-EMOSIONAL ANAK DI TK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL (ABA) NANGA PINOH
Authors: Septiadi Wahyu , Kartini Kartini
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh layanan bermain bersama yang terintegrasi dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Nanga Pinoh terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional anak. Perkembangan pada aspek sosial-emosional merupakan suatu aspek yang sangat penting dan berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang anak hingga anak dapat melanjutkan perkembangannya sampai ke tahap berikutnya. Ruang lingkup dan kajian utama pada penelitian ini adalah analisis persepsi para orang tua peserta didik mengenai layanan bermain bersama dan persepsi guru terhadap aspek perkembangan sosial-emosional setiap peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresional melalui analisis akumulasi hasil persepsi orang tua peserta didik dan persepsi tenaga pengajar melalui skala likert. Data penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 partisipan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada hasil uji T atau uji hipotesis ditemukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,002 0,050 dan T hitung adalah sebesar 3,452 2,048 yang mana dapat difahami bahwa layanan bermain bersama pada TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Nanga Pinoh memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan sosial-emosional peserta didik usia 5-6 tahun. Kata Kunci: Layanan Bermain Bersama, Perkembangan sosial-emosional
Assessing gamification-based LMS for EFL students: A self-directed learning framework
Authors: Slamet Joko , Basthomi Yazid
Published: August 2024

The efficacy of gamification-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) in facilitating English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning is an area of growing interest. However, a critical gap exists in comprehensively understanding how these platforms influence self-directed learning (SDL) among EFL students, particularly regarding self-management, self-motivation, and self-control. To address this lacuna, this study employs a survey design involving 50 EFL undergraduate students from STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo, a private university, in Indonesia. Grounded in Garrison’s SDL Framework, the research evaluates the impact of gamification on SDL dimensions within the LMS milieu. The data were collected through a questionnaire for quantitative analysis and interviews for qualitative insights. Findings unveil a nuanced landscape: while gamification initially boosts engagement and motivation, sustained self-management and control pose challenges. Implications underscore the imperative for tailored interventions to fortify SDL competencies within gamified environments. Recommendations advocate for the integration of personalized feedback mechanisms and collaborative features to scaffold EFL students’ SDL skills amidst gamified platforms.