bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study design and methods: U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER)
Authors: Baker Laura D. , Snyder Heather M. , Espeland Mark A. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Kivipelto Miia , Woolard Nancy , Katula Jeffrey , Papp Kathryn V. , Ventrelle Jennifer , Graef Sarah , Hill Marcus A. , Rushing Scott , Spell Julia , Lovato Laura , Felton Deborah , Williams Benjamin J. , Ghadimi Nouran Mina , Raman Rema , Ngandu Tiia , Solomon Alina , Wilmoth Sharon , Cleveland Maryjo L. , Williamson Jeff D. , Lambert Katherine L. , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah , Day Claire E. , Tangney Christy C. , Gitelman Darren R. , Matongo Olivia , Reynolds Terrianne , Pavlik Valory N. , Yu Melissa M. , Alexander Ashley S. , Elbein Richard , McDonald Ann Marie , Salloway Stephen , Wing Rena R. , Antkowiak Susan , Morris Martha Clare , Carrillo Maria C. ,   for the U.S. POINTER Study Group
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. study to protect brain health through lifestyle intervention to reduce risk (U.S. POINTER) is conducted to confirm and expand the results of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) in Americans.

METHODS

U.S. POINTER was planned as a 2‐year randomized controlled trial of two lifestyle interventions in 2000 older adults at risk for dementia due to well‐established factors. The primary outcome is a global cognition composite that permits harmonization with FINGER.

RESULTS

U.S. POINTER is centrally coordinated and conducted at five clinical sites (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03688126). Outcomes assessments are completed at baseline and every 6 months. Both interventions focus on exercise, diet, cognitive/social stimulation, and cardiovascular health, but differ in intensity and accountability. The study partners with a worldwide network of similar trials for harmonization of methods and data sharing.

DISCUSSION

U.S. POINTER is testing a potentially sustainable intervention to support brain health and Alzheimer's prevention for Americans. Impact is strengthened by the targeted participant diversity and expanded scientific scope through ancillary studies.
Achiral Dichroic Dyes‐mediated Circularly Polarized Emission Regulated by Orientational Order Parameter through Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Yihan , Li Hang , Liu Chao , Li Lulu , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: September 2023

It is noteworthy that cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) platforms have been witnessed in high‐performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) behaviors through the highly organized chiral co‐assembled arrangement of achiral dyes. However, most CPL‐active design strategies are closely relative to the helix co‐assembly structure of CLC rather than achiral dyes. Herein, we developed an intriguing regulation strategy for CPL‐active CLC materials. They were regulated using the orientational order parameter (SF) of achiral dichroic dyes as an incisive probe for the order arrangement degree of achiral dyes in CLC media. The I‐shaped phenothiazine derivative PHECN dye (SF=0.30) emitted a strong CPL signal (|glum|=0.47). In contrast, the T‐shaped derivative (PHEBen) dye (SF=0.09) showed a weak circular polarization level (|glum|=0.07) at similar CLC textures. Most interestingly, this kind of dichroic PHECN dye with a higher SF could greatly improve the contrast ratio of CPL (Δglum=0.47) and emission intensity (ΔFL=46.0 %) at direct‐current electric field compared with the T‐shaped PHEBen (Δglum=0.07 and ΔFL=1.0 %) in CLC. This work demonstrates that an induced CPL emission can be mediated using achiral dichroic dye, which will open a new avenue for developing excellent CPL‐active display materials.
Long‐Persistent Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Host‐Guest System Regulated by the Multiple Roles of a Gold(I)‐Carbene Motif
Authors: Yu Fei‐Hu , Jin Rui , Chang Xiaoyong , Li Kai , Cui Ganglong , Chen Yong
Published: September 2023

The promotion of intersystem crossing (ISC) is critical for achieving a high‐efficiency long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) from organic materials. However, the use of a transition‐metal complex for LPL materials has not been explored because it can also shorten the emission lifetime by accelerating the phosphorescence decay. Here, we report a new class of LPL materials by doping a monovalent Au‐carbene complex into a boron‐embedded molecular host. The donor‐acceptor systems exhibit photoluminescence with both high efficiencies (>57 %) and long lifetimes (ca. 40 ms) at room temperature. It is revealed that the Au atom promotes the population of low‐lying triplet excited states of the host aggregate (T1*) which can be converted into the charge‐transfer (CT) state, thereby resulting in afterglow luminescence. Moreover, the use of a chirality unit on the guest molecule results in the LPL being circularly polarized. This work illustrates that transition‐metal complexes can be used for developing organic afterglow systems by exquisite control over the excited state mechanism.
Narrowband Fluorescent Emitters Based on BN‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Efficient and Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Yuxuan , Huang Manli , Liu He , Miao Jingsheng , Yang Chuluo
Published: September 2023

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using conventional fluorescent emitters are currently attracting considerable interests due to outstanding stability and abundant raw materials. To construct high‐performance narrowband fluorophores to satisfy requirements of ultra‐high‐definition displays, a strategy fusing multi‐resonance BN‐doped moieties to naphthalene is proposed to construct two novel narrowband fluorophores. Green Na−sBN and red Na−dBN, manifest narrow full‐width at half‐maxima of 31 nm, near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yields and molecular horizontal dipole ratios above 90 %. Their OLEDs exhibit the state‐of‐the‐art performances including high external quantum efficiencies (EQE), ultra‐low efficiency roll‐off and long operational lifetimes. The Na−sBN‐based device achieves EQE as high as 28.8 % and remains 19.8 % even at luminance of 100,000 cd m−2, and Na−dBN‐based device acquires a record‐high EQE of 25.2 % among all red OLEDs using pure fluorescent emitters.
Surrogacy validation for time‐to‐event outcomes with illness‐death frailty models
Authors: Roberts Emily K. , Elliott Michael R. , Taylor Jeremy M. G.
Published: September 2023

A common practice in clinical trials is to evaluate a treatment effect on an intermediate outcome when the true outcome of interest would be difficult or costly to measure. We consider how to validate intermediate outcomes in a causally‐valid way when the trial outcomes are time‐to‐event. Using counterfactual outcomes, those that would be observed if the counterfactual treatment had been given, the causal association paradigm assesses the relationship of the treatment effect on the surrogate outcome with the treatment effect on the true, primary outcome. In particular, we propose illness‐death models to accommodate the censored and semicompeting risk structure of survival data. The proposed causal version of these models involves estimable and counterfactual frailty terms. Via these multistate models, we characterize what a valid surrogate would look like using a causal effect predictiveness plot. We evaluate the estimation properties of a Bayesian method using Markov chain Monte Carlo and assess the sensitivity of our model assumptions. Our motivating data source is a localized prostate cancer clinical trial where the two survival outcomes are time to distant metastasis and time to death.
The marginality principle revisited: Should “higher‐order” terms always be accompanied by “lower‐order” terms in regression analyses?
Authors: Morris Tim P. , van Smeden Maarten , Pham Tra My
Published: September 2023

The marginality principle guides analysts to avoid omitting lower‐order terms from models in which higher‐order terms are included as covariates. Lower‐order terms are viewed as “marginal” to higher‐order terms. We consider how this principle applies to three cases: regression models that may include the ratio of two measured variables; polynomial transformations of a measured variable; and factorial arrangements of defined interventions. For each case, we show that which terms or transformations are considered to be lower‐order, and therefore marginal, depends on the scale of measurement, which is frequently arbitrary. Understanding the implications of this point leads to an intuitive understanding of the curse of dimensionality. We conclude that the marginality principle may be useful to analysts in some specific cases but caution against invoking it as a context‐free recipe.
Implementing multiple schedules with naturally occurring stimuli via telehealth
Authors: Exline Emily , Davis Tonya N. , Avery Suzannah K. , Gerow Stephanie , Liu Renming , Austin Monserrat
Published: September 2023

Functional communication training (FCT) is an effective intervention to decrease challenging behavior. However, the continuous reinforcement of mands commonly implemented within FCT is difficult to implement in natural settings. Schedule thinning using a multiple schedule arrangement addresses this barrier, yet most studies evaluating this approach have been conducted in clinical environments and using implementer‐arranged stimuli to signal reinforcer availability. The purposes of the current study are to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of caregiver‐implemented multiple schedules in the home setting with caregiver coaching via telehealth and (b) evaluate the effectiveness of transferring stimulus control from caregiver‐arranged to naturally occurring stimuli to signal reinforcer availability within a multiple schedule arrangement. The results indicated FCT was effective in reducing challenging behavior and increasing manding. For one participant, discriminated manding was established with caregiver‐arranged stimuli within 7 sessions and transferred to naturally occurring stimuli with a three‐step fading procedure across 33 sessions. For the other participant, discriminated manding was established with the caregiver‐arranged stimuli within 21 sessions and transferred to naturally occurring stimuli with a three‐step fading procedure across 23 sessions. Both caregivers implemented FCT and multiple schedules with fidelity. Given the preliminary nature of the results, more research is needed to determine if this strategy is effective and if there is a more efficient approach to teach discrimination of naturally occurring stimuli.
Investigations of thermoluminescence characteristics of SrAlBO4:Eu3+ phosphors irradiated with gamma rays and carbon ion beam
Authors: Joseph Tresha , Parauha Yatish Ratn , Dhoble Sanjay Janaraoji
Published: September 2023

A series of SrAlBO4:Eu phosphors doped with different concentrations of Eu (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mol%) was synthesized using a solid‐state diffusion method, and their thermoluminescence (TL) properties were analyzed for gamma and carbon ion irradiation. The phase purity, morphological properties, vibrational features, and thermal stability of the prepared sample were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA) techniques, respectively. The TL properties of the proposed materials showed broad dosimetric bands, peaking at 202°C for 0.12 kGy gamma irradiation. The highest TL intensity was obtained for a 0.7 mol% concentration of Eu ions under gamma irradiation. Furthermore, the glow curve of the proposed materials showed a broad emission band, centred at 148°C under carbon ion beam irradiation and exhibited the highest emission intensity for a 0.1 mol% Eu concentration. In addition, the dosimetric trapping parameters of the prepared samples such as symmetry factor, order of kinetics, activation energy, and frequency factor, were analyzed using various methods such as Chen’s peak shape method, initial growth method, and the Ilich method. The obtained results of the samples showed the potential for dosimetric application.
The interplay among green absorptive capacity, green entrepreneurial, and learning orientations and their effect on triple bottom line performance
Authors: Marzouk Jane , El Ebrashi Raghda
Published: September 2023

This research paper aims at examining the effect of three green capabilities, namely, green entrepreneurial orientation, green learning orientation, and green absorptive capacity, on triple bottom line firm performance under the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) lens. Data were collected through self‐administered surveys distributed among large firms in Egypt that have sustainability initiatives. A total of 211 responses were received, and data analysis was conducted using SMARTPLS 4.0. Results indicated an insignificant direct relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and triple bottom line firm performance, yet results showed a positive indirect relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and triple bottom line firm performance in the presence of green learning orientation as a mediator. Moreover, results indicated a positive indirect relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and triple bottom line firm performance in the presence of green absorptive capacity as a mediator. Last but not the least, the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and triple bottom line firm performance was found to be positive when sequentially mediated by green learning orientation and green absorptive capacity.
Beyond the tip of the iceberg: A meta‐analysis of the anatomy of the clitoris
Authors: Longhurst Georga Jane , Beni Rebecca , Jeong Su Ryeon , Pianta Marina , Soper Annie Louisa , Leitch Patricia , De Witte Gabrielle , Fisher Lauren
Published: September 2023

An understanding of ranges in clitoral anatomy is important for clinicians caring for patients including those who have had female genital mutilation, women seeking genital cosmetic surgery, or trans women seeking reconstructive surgery. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to investigate the ranges in clitoral measurements within the literature. A meta‐analysis was performed on Ovid Medline and Embase databases following the PRISMA protocol. Measurements of clitoral structures from magnetic imaging resonance, ultrasound, cadaveric, and living women were extracted and analyzed. Twenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. The range in addition to the average length and width of the glans (6.40 mm; 5.14 mm), body (25.46 mm; 9.00 mm), crura (52.41 mm; 8.71 mm), bulb (52.00 mm; 10.33 mm), and prepuce (23.19 mm) was calculated. Furthermore, the range and average distance from the clitoris to the external urethral meatus (22.27 mm), vagina (43.14 mm), and anus (76.30 mm) was documented. All erectile and non‐erectile structures of the clitoris present with substantial range. It is imperative to expand the literature on clitoral measurements and disseminate the new results to healthcare professionals and the public to reduce the sense of inadequacy and the chances of iatrogenic damage during surgery.
“Bridging the Gap”: A reflexive thematic analysis of the experiences of therapy trainees transitioning from psychodynamic counselling to cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Ball Claire , Corrie Sarah
Published: September 2023

There is limited empirical research and insight into the experiences of therapy trainees who are being taught more than one psychotherapeutic approach during their training. Further understanding is warranted to ensure that a dual modality approach to training (that is, where therapists are trained in two paradigmatically distinct modalities) is experienced as worthwhile and acceptable to trainees and to better understand any challenges faced when transitioning between approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate trainees' experiences of transitioning from psychodynamic counselling to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on a two‐year master's degree that offers a dual modality approach to training. Data were collected from a sample of 8 trainees using an online semistructured questionnaire. These data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2020) reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (1) perceived competence; (2) preparedness; (3) professional advantages; and (4) external challenges. The findings suggested considerable individual variation in the ease with which participants navigated the transition between therapeutic modalities. Those who found the transition easier used the structure of CBT to provide a framework and point of difference that allowed them to temporarily suspend their psychodynamic learning in order to embrace a new therapeutic approach. Others experienced the move to CBT as posing a threat to their developing identities as counsellors. Recommendations are made on how to prepare trainees for the transition including exploring the psychological impact of transitions, increasing opportunities for reflective practice and facilitating exploration of what it means to be a therapist trained in two distinct therapeutic modalities.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2023

The short‐term effect of esketamine on cognition in adolescents

Using EHRs to identify mental health risks in children

The continuing increase in pediatric firearm deaths
Rethinking attention seeking in children
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: September 2023

In a weekly staff meeting, we recently discussed the concept of attention‐seeking in children. Our child psychiatrist had noted that this term was coming up a lot in staff descriptions of behavior in the therapeutic milieu.
Angioinvasive Trichophyton rubrum associated necrotizing fasciitis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Rypka Katelyn J. , Perron Alexandra K. , Keilty John , Wils Benjamin , Levine Joshua , Rezcallah Anthony T. , Solomon Robin , Goldfarb Noah , Kaka Anjum
Published: September 2023

Key clinical message

Angioinvasive dermatophytosis with necrotizing fasciitis can be a rare complication in immunocompromised patients with early surgical debridement, 12 weeks of oral terbinafine, and reduction in immunosuppression being a viable management strategy.
Brugada syndrome unmasked by dengue fever
Authors: Sivanandam Lokesh Koumar , Basani Hima Bindu R. , Sanker Vivek , Roshan S Shamal , Hunjul Marah , Gupta Umang
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Understanding the circumstances, leading to unmasking of hidden Brugada syndrome is essential for the practicing clinician and the patients so that they are informed adequately to seek prompt medical attention.

Brugada syndrome is a genetic arrhythmia syndrome characterized by a coved type of ST‐segment elevation in the ECG. The patients are usually asymptomatic, with unmasking of the disease under certain conditions. We are reporting the case of a patient diagnosed with Brugada syndrome, which was unmasked during an attack of dengue fever.
Synthesis of 10‐Membered Azecines through Pd‐Catalyzed Formal [6+4] Cycloaddition and Their Transannular Reaction to Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Wang Yu‐Jiao , Zhao Li‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Azecine fragments are frequently presented in natural products and bioactive compounds. However, minor efforts have been devoted to these 10‐membered N‐heterocycles, and their synthesis is still challenging. Reported herein is the first catalytic formal [6+4] cycloaddition for the synthesis of 10‐membered azecines. Under palladium catalysis, the reaction of δ‐vinylvalerolactones and benzofuran‐derived azadienes proceeds smoothly to afford benzofuran‐fused azecines with high diastereoselectivity in moderate to good yields. A unique transannular reaction of these 10‐membered azecines for the construction of polycyclic compounds is also demonstrated.
Revealing the Impact of Polystyrene Functionalization of Au Octahedral Nanocrystals of Different Sizes on the Formation and Structure of Mesocrystals
Authors: Lapkin Dmitry , Singh Shweta , Kirner Felizitas , Sturm Sebastian , Assalauova Dameli , Ignatenko Alexandr , Wiek Thomas , Gemming Thomas , Lubk Axel , Müller‐Caspary Knut , Khadiev Azat , Novikov Dmitri , Sturm Elena V. , Vartanyants Ivan A.
Published: September 2023

The self‐assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals (stabilized by organic capping molecules) with pre‐selected composition, size, and shape allows for the creation of nanostructured materials with unique structures and features. For such a material, the shape and packing of the individual nanoparticles play an important role. This work presents a synthesis procedure for ω‐thiol‐terminated polystyrene (PS‐SH) functionalized gold nanooctahedra of variable size (edge length 37, 46, 58, and 72 nm). The impact of polymer chain length (Mw: 11k, 22k, 43k, and 66k g⋅mol−1) on the growth of colloidal crystals (e. g. mesocrystals) and their resulting crystal structure is investigated. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) methods provide a detailed structural examination of the self‐assembled faceted mesocrystals based on octahedral gold nanoparticles of different size and surface functionalization. Three‐dimensional angular X‐ray cross‐correlation analysis (AXCCA) enables high‐precision determination of the superlattice structure and relative orientation of nanoparticles in mesocrystals. This approach allows us to perform non‐destructive characterization of mesocrystalline materials and reveals their structure with resolution down to the nanometer scale.
SLChain: A secure and low‐storage pressure sharding blockchain
Authors: Tian Junfeng , Xu Hongwei , Tian Jin
Published: September 2023

As a distributed ledger technology, blockchain's low throughput is challenging to support large‐scale applications. Sharding is one way to solve this problem, but the security of existing sharded blockchains is not enough. In addition, with the increase of time, the node storage pressure in the shard will also increase. Therefore, SLChain was proposed as a secure and low storage pressure sharding blockchain. SLChain works together between shards for block validation to avoid inconsistencies caused by a single shard being controlled by adversaries. As well as by relying on a reputation‐established confirmation committee that allows blocks to be confirmed quickly and without forking. In addition, a secure ledger pruning mechanism is designed to make the space required for nodes grow very slowly over time, reducing the storage pressure on nodes. The results show that SLChain can improve security and throughput, and the node storage pressure is small.
Metabarcoding reveals that mixed forests mitigate negative effects of non‐native trees on canopy arthropod diversity
Authors: Wildermuth Benjamin , Seifert Carlo L. , Husemann Martin , Schuldt Andreas
Published: September 2023

Averting climate change‐induced forest diebacks increasingly relies on tree species planted outside of their natural range and on the addition of non‐native tree species to mixed‐species forests. However, the consequences of such changes for associated biodiversity remain poorly understood, especially for the forest canopy as a largely understudied forest stratum. Here, we used flight interception traps and a metabarcoding approach to study the taxonomic and functional (trophic guilds) composition and taxon richness of canopy arthropods. We sampled 15 monospecific and mixed stands of native European beech, native Norway spruce—planted outside its natural range—and non‐native Douglas fir in northwest Germany. We found that the diversity of arthropods was lower in non‐native Douglas fir compared with native beech stands. Taxon richness of herbivores was reduced by both conifer species. Other functional guilds, however, were not affected by stand type. Arthropod composition differed strongly between native broadleaved beech and monospecific coniferous (native spruce or non‐native Douglas fir) stands, with less pronounced differences between the native and non‐native conifers. Beech–conifer mixtures consistently hosted intermediate arthropod diversity and community composition compared with the respective monospecific stands. Moreover, arthropod diversity had a positive relationship with the number of canopy microhabitats. Our study shows that considering arthropod taxa of multiple functional groups reveals the multifaceted impact of non‐native tree species on forest canopy arthropod communities. Contrasting with previous studies that primarily focused on the forest floor, we found that native beech hosts a rich diversity of arthropods, compared with lower diversity and distinct communities in economically attractive, and especially in non‐native, conifers with few canopy microhabitats. Broadleaf–conifer mixtures did not perform better than native beech stands, but mitigated the negative effects of conifers, making such mixtures a compromise to foster both forest‐associated diversity and economic yield.
Mutualisms impact species' range expansion speeds and spatial distributions
Authors: Naven Narayanan  , Shaw Allison K.
Published: September 2023

Species engage in mutually beneficial interspecific interactions (mutualisms) that shape their population dynamics in ecological communities. Species engaged in mutualisms vary greatly in their degree of dependence on their partner from complete dependence (e.g., yucca and yucca moth mutualism) to low dependence (e.g., generalist bee with multiple plant species). While current empirical studies show that, in mutualisms, partner dependence can alter the speed of a species' range expansion, there is no theory that provides conditions when expansion is sped up or slowed down. To address this, we built a spatially explicit model incorporating the population dynamics of two dispersing species interacting mutualistically. We explored how mutualisms impacted range expansion across a gradient of dependence (from complete independence to obligacy) between the two species. We then studied the conditions in which the magnitude of the mutualistic benefits could hinder versus enhance the speed of range expansion. We showed that either complete dependence, no dependence, or intermediate degree of dependence on a mutualist partner can lead to the greatest speeds of a focal species' range expansion based on the magnitude of benefits exchanged between partner species in the mutualism. We then showed how different degrees of dependence between species could alter the spatial distribution of the range expanding populations. Finally, we identified the conditions under which mutualistic interactions can turn exploitative across space, leading to the formation of a species' range limits. Our work highlights how couching mutualisms and mutualist dependence in a spatial context can provide insights about species range expansions, limits, and ultimately their distributions.
Relationship of atrial fibrillation and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in heart failure patients
Authors: Nasab Mehrabi Entezar , Toupchi‐Khosroshahi Vahid , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: September 2023

N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). The plasma level of NT‐proBNP in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients was higher than of sinus rhythm patients. In HF, NT‐proBNP levels are affected by the concomitant presence of AF, making it difficult to distinguish between HF and AF in patients with elevated NT‐proBNP. Several other diseases, such as renal failure and pulmonary embolism, are known to further increase NT‐proBNP levels in patients with concomitant HF. Therefore, NT‐proBNP is a sensitive but non‐specific marker for the detection of HF. AF is very important in this regard because among patients with HF regardless of ejection fraction, symptoms such as shortness of breath and atrial enlargement develop and can mimic HF. In the present study, we investigated whether the prognostic value of natriuretic peptides in HF holds true for patients with concomitant AF.
A multisource data‐driven combined forecasting model based on internet search keyword screening method for interval soybean futures price
Authors: Luo Rui , Liu Jinpei , Wang Piao , Tao Zhifu , Chen Huayou
Published: September 2023

Accurate soybean futures price prediction is critical to related agricultural production, warehousing, and trading. Interval forecasting can avoid the loss of fluctuation information and evaluate the uncertainty of futures prices. However, most previous studies only consider the single‐type auxiliary variable, which will cause the deficiency of valued information. Moreover, the research concentrating on internet search index ignores the search habits of investors, resulting in subjectivity in keyword selection. Therefore, a novel multisource data‐driven combined forecasting model is proposed that consists of four parts: unstructured data processing, interval multi‐scale decomposition, interval combination forecasting, and model evaluation. First, sentiment analysis technology is used to convert news text into sentiment scores. The internet search keyword screening method based on latent Dirichlet allocation is then constructed to achieve the quantification of investor attention. Second, a decomposition method is applied to decompose the original interval‐valued series into finite more stationary components. Third, interval prediction results are obtained by machine learning‐based multiple predictors. Finally, the model evaluation module comprising error evaluation indicators and comparison experiments is presented to verify the effectiveness. The experimental results show that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy, which indicates that multisource data and designed keyword screening methods can enhance the forecasting performance of the model.
Tislelizumab augment the efficacy of CD19/22 dual‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell in advanced stage relapsed or refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Geng Hongzhi , Zeng Liangyu , Li Jiaqi , Yang Qin , Jia Sixun , Zong Xiangping , Cai Wenzhi , Liu Shuangzhu , Lu Yutong , Yu Lei , Li Caixia , Wu Depei
Published: September 2023

Dual‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell is an important strategy to improve the efficacy of CD19 CAR‐T cell against refractory or relapsed B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R B‐NHL). However, durable responses are not achieved in most patients, in part owing CAR‐T cell exhaustion caused by PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway. We conducted a prospective, single‐arm study of dual‐targeted CD19/22 CAR‐T cell combined with anti‐PD‐1 antibody, tislelizumab, in R/R B‐NHL (NCT04539444). Tislelizumab was administrated on +1 day after patients received infusion of CD19/22 CAR‐T cell. Responses, survival and safety were evaluated. From 1 August 2020 to 30 March 2023, 16 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up time is 16.0 (range: 5.0–32.0 months) months. Overall response was achieved in 14 of 16 (87.5%) patients, and the complete response (CR) was achieved in 11 of 16 (68.8%) patients. The 1‐year progression‐free survival and overall survival rates were 68.8% and 81.3%, respectively. Of the 14 patients responded, 9 patients maintained their response until the end of follow‐up. Among the 15 out of 16 (93.8%) patients who had extranodal involvement, 14 (93.3%) patients achieved overall response rate with 11 (73.3%) patients achieving CR. Eight (50%) patients experienced cytokine release syndrome. No neurologic adverse events were reported. Gene Ontology‐Biological Process enrichment analysis showed that immune response‐related signaling pathways were enriched in CR patients. Our results suggest that CD19/22 CAR‐T cell combined with tislelizumab elicit a safe and durable response in R/R B‐NHL and may improve the prognosis of those patients.
Viscoelastic effects on the oscillatory flow in a fluid‐saturated porous layer
Authors: Raghunatha K. R. , Inc Mustafa , Vinod Y.
Published: September 2023

The oscillating flow of the viscoelastic fluid‐saturated porous layer has been useful in many areas, including the petroleum, chemical, and bioengineering industries. It is studied using the modified Darcy‐Oldroyd‐B model in this article. The exact solution is obtained utilizing a simpler and more reasonable method. According to this velocity solution, the time‐velocity profile of one kind of viscoelastic fluid is analyzed. From the analysis, it was found that the flow behaves like the Newton fluid when the oscillating frequency is low, and the flow reversal occurs when the oscillating frequency is high. Further, velocity, temperature, shear stress, and the rate of heat transfer are exponential solutions that are obtained and analyzed for different values of known physical parameters. Finally, we recognize that the relaxation and retardation parameters in this model act in the opposite manner.
Bank crisis management and resolution after SVB and Credit Suisse: Perspectives from India and the European Union
Authors: Shikha Neeti , Kapsis Ilias
Published: September 2023

The March 2023 bank failures of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature, and Credit Suisse, which caused turmoil in financial markets and led to regulatory and central bank intervention, revived the debate about the effectiveness of the bank crisis management, resolution, and deposit insurance legal framework established after the Global Financial Crisis. Although the March 2023 events did not escalate into a full‐blown financial crisis, they drew attention to certain areas of the current framework, where improvements may be needed. These areas include the need for financial regulation and supervision to focus more on small‐ and medium‐sized banks as potential sources of systemic market events; to review the adequacy of the current deposit insurance regime and the treatment of uninsured deposits; and to provide more clarity about the order of creditor claims in case of bank resolution/insolvency. This article reviews the events of March 2023 and the key lessons from these events and discusses how these lessons could shape the frameworks for bank crisis management and resolution in India and the European Union. The two jurisdictions are in the process of updating their laws in this area, and the March 2023 events could influence the relevant decisions.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women aged 42 years or older
Authors: Landry Maeva , Allouche Mickael , Vayssière Christophe , Guerby Paul , Groussolles Marion
Published: September 2023

Objective

To describe maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies after 42 years and to compare maternal and fetal morbidities according to the conception mode; comparing pregnancies obtained spontaneously and those resulting from assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a level 3 maternity hospital. This study covered all women, aged 42 years or older, who gave birth between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression models were used to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes depending on conception mode: spontaneous or using ART.

Results

A sample of 532 women, including 335 spontaneous pregnancies (63%) and 147 pregnancies after ART (27.6%) were studied. Conception mode was missing for 50 (9.4%). We found increased rates not only of maternal complications such as maternal overweight and obesity, pre‐eclampsia, and gestational diabetes, but also of interventions such as hospitalization during pregnancy, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, and perinatal outcome like preterm birth. There were also more maternal and perinatal negative outcomes among the ART group. After multivariate analysis, pre‐eclampsia was predominant in the ART group (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.85, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

While maternal and fetal risks increase for late pregnancies, there also appears to be a difference depending on the conception mode, with pregnancies resulting from ART having more pregnancy‐related complications than those obtained spontaneously.
Expectant management of tubal pregnancies with human chorionic gonadotropin up to 2000 mIU/mL
Authors: Kugelman Nir , Cohen Bracha , Yossef Fayrooz , Margieh Nadine , Regev Noam , Shani Uria , Bart Yossi
Published: September 2023

Objective

To describe outcomes of expectant management (EM) versus methotrexate (MTX) treatment in tubal pregnancies with pretreatment human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) less than 2000 mIU/mL.

Methods

This retrospective cohort from two tertiary hospitals included women with confirmed tubal pregnancies and pretreatment hCG <2000 mIU/mL. Exclusion criteria were unrecorded pregnancy site, unconfirmed diagnosis, and surgical treatment upon diagnosis. The primary outcome was eventual rate of surgical treatment.

Results

Between December 2009 and June 2021, 545 of 2114 (25.8%) women diagnosed with a tubal pregnancy met our inclusion criteria. We compared women who underwent EM (N = 201) with women who received MTX (N = 344). All women in the EM group had a declining trend of hCG. The MTX group had higher pretreatment hCG and higher rates of yolk sac or embryo presence on ultrasound. Eventual surgical treatment rate was higher in the MTX group compared with the EM group (39 [11.3%] vs. 9 [4.5%], P = 0.006), with no difference in the treatment failure rate or tubal rupture rate. In a subgroup analysis of women with pretreatment hCG between 1000 and 2000 mIU/mL, eventual surgical treatment, treatment failure, and tubal rupture rates did not differ between groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eventual surgical treatment was independently associated with hCG levels less than 1000 mIU/mL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.56) and endometriosis (aOR 9.20, 95% CI 3.55–23.81).

Conclusion

Expectant management of tubal pregnancies with pretreatment hCG levels less than 2000 mIU/mL and even between 1000 and 2000 mIU/mL and with a declining trend of hCG demonstrated lower or comparable rates of eventual surgical treatment, when compared with MTX treatment.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water treatment residuals: Occurrence and desorption
Authors: Gravesen Caleb R. , Lee Linda S. , Alukkal Caroline R. , Openiyi Elijah O. , Judy Jonathan D.
Published: September 2023

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface and ground waters supplying municipal drinking water are a growing concern. However, PFAS concentrations in water treatment residuals (WTRs)—a solid by‐product of water treatment—have yet to be explored. In a first of its kind assessment, we examine PFAS occurrence in seven calcium (Ca)‐, iron‐, and aluminum‐based drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) and one wastewater effluent treatment residual (WWETR) produced using aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH). Only perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were detected, with total PFAA concentrations in the seven DWTRs produced from naturally recharged water sources ranging from 0 to ∼3.3 μg kg−1; no PFAS were detected in either of the Ca‐DWTRs. The ACH‐WWETR contained the highest number and concentration of PFAAs (34 μg kg−1). Desorption of resident PFAAs from the WTRs was negligible for the carboxylates (PFCAs). Some desorption of the sulfonates (PFSAs) was detected, particularly for PFOS which had the highest concentration among all resident PFAAs. The ACH‐WWETR was further evaluated for its potential to attenuate additional PFAAs (3500 μg mL−1 total PFAAs) in a biosolid‐derived porewater matrix. Sorption was highest for long‐chain PFAAs and subsequent desorption of the adsorbed PFAAs ranged from 0% to no more than 26%, with the WWETR mass added strongly affecting both PFSA and PFCA sorption/desorption. These findings suggest that WTRs, if introduced into the environment, are unlikely to be a major source of PFAS. Also, the use of particular WTRs as amendments may provide a beneficial reduction in PFAS mobility.
Whole Muscle and Single Motor Unit Twitch Profiles in a Healthy Adult Cohort Assessed With Phase Contrast Motor Unit MRI (PC‐MUMRI)
Authors: Birkbeck Matthew G. , Heskamp Linda , Schofield Ian S. , Hall Julie , Sayer Avan A. , Whittaker Roger G. , Blamire Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Motor units (MUs) control the contraction of muscles and degenerate with age. It is therefore of interest to measure whole muscle and MU twitch profiles in aging skeletal muscle.

Purpose

Apply phase contrast MU MRI (PC‐MUMRI) in a cohort of healthy adults to measure whole anterior compartment, individual muscles, and single MU twitch profiles in the calf. Assess the effect of age and sex on contraction and relaxation times.

Study Type

Prospective cross‐sectional study.

Subjects

Sixty‐one healthy participants (N = 32 male; age 55 ± 16 years [range: 26–82]).

Field Strength/Sequences

3 T, velocity encoded gradient echo and single shot spin echo pulsed gradient spin echo, echo‐planar imaging.

Assessment

Anterior shin compartment (N = 47), individual muscle (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus; N = 47) and single MU (N = 34) twitch profiles were extracted from the data to calculate contraction and relaxation times.

Statistical Tests

Multivariable linear regression to investigate relationships between age, sex and contraction and relaxation times of the whole anterior compartment. Pearson correlation to investigate relationships between age and contraction and relaxation times of individual muscles and single MUs. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Age and sex predicted significantly increased contraction and relaxation time for the anterior compartment. Females had significantly longer contraction times than males (females 86 ± 8 msec, males 80 ± 9 msec). Relaxation times were longer, not significant (females 204 ± 36 msec, males 188 ± 34 msec, P = 0.151). Contraction and relaxation times of single MUs showed no change with age (P = 0.462, P = 0.534, respectively).

Date Conclusion

Older participants had significantly longer contraction and relaxation times of the whole anterior compartment compared to younger participants. Females had longer contraction and relaxation times than males, significant for contraction time.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Comparative analysis of nonlinear behavioral models for GaN HEMTs based on machine learning techniques
Authors: Liu Bo , Cai Jialin
Published: September 2023

A variety of novel behavioral modeling techniques have been reported to accurately capture the nonlinear characteristics of GaN devices. For the purpose of describing GaN HEMT large‐signal behavior, machine learning‐based approaches have been proposed. There is, however, a lack of comparison and analysis of their performance with different machine learning techniques in these studies. An examination of machine learning‐based large‐signal modeling techniques is presented in this article. To develop large‐signal models of GaN HEMT, a range of commonly used modeling techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN), random sample consistency (RANSAC), support vector regression (SVR), Gaussian process regression (GPR), decision trees (DTs), and genetic algorithm‐assisted ANN (GA‐ANN) are described and employed. Afterwards, integrated modeling techniques such as Bootstrap aggregation (BA), random forests (RF), AdaBoost, and gradient tree boosting (GTB) are reviewed and tested for their capabilities in developing GaN HEMT LSM. The hyperparameters of each built model are modified using the random search optimization (RSO) method, and five‐fold cross‐validation is used during validation. In order to identify optimal algorithms for nonlinear behavioral modeling of GaN devices, the model prediction results are comprehensively analyzed.
Long‐term changes in the frequency of exceptionally cold and warm months and seasons at selected stations in Europe in the early instrumental period
Authors: Skrzyńska Magdalena , Twardosz Robert , Walanus Adam
Published: September 2023

Extreme thermal conditions have been known for a long time as is evidenced by the oldest preserved historical accounts referring to weather. However, direct data, that is, air temperature measurements, which began in Europe in the 17th century, are the only reliable source of information. They provide insight into how climate evolved over the characteristic period of the climate timeline known as the Little Ice Age. This study focuses on extreme climatic phenomena, referred to here as exceptionally cold (EC) and exceptionally warm (EW) months and seasons that occurred in the early instrumental period (until 1830). The research is based on average monthly air temperature values (of different lengths) from five meteorological stations in Europe. The Central England Temperature series (CET) offers the longest series that spans 172 years whereas Padua has the shortest, 57 years. Consequently, the year 1659, which is the start date of the Central England Temperature series, marks the beginning of the study period for the research presented in this article. Thermally anomalous periods are identified based on the standard deviation of the average temperature from the corresponding long‐term average (1831–2020). The highlights of the study include the identification of the pronounced prevalence at all five stations of EC months and seasons when compared to EW months and seasons, especially in Western Europe (CET) during the Maunder Minimum. The study also finds a lack of synchronicity in the timing of the anomalous periods under investigation in the different parts of Europe.
Aspects of resilience for smart manufacturing systems
Authors: Fowler Daniel S. , Epiphaniou Gregory , Higgins Matthew D. , Maple Carsten
Published: September 2023

An external disruptor to a manufacturing process (e.g., a supply chain failure, or a cyber‐attack) can affect more than a factory's output; it can have wider societal concerns, raising the issue of industrial resilience at different levels. In this work, manufacturing resilience is revisited, reviewing the applicability of the resilience concept to the industrial domain, particularly the smart factories enabled by newer digital technologies. The meaning of resilience within manufacturing is shown to be composed of several factors that operate at three levels (macro, meso, and micro). The factors have been united from a variety of sources to unify the traits within manufacturing resilience. Furthermore, a summary of the advanced digital technologies that can aid (or detract) from resilience is discussed, along with some of their challenges around digital complexity, legacy equipment support, high‐performance wireless communications, and cybersecurity. Although it is seen that digital manufacturing systems can aid resilience within the industrial sector and contribute to wider societal goals, the biggest impact is likely to be at the lowest (micro) level. Opportunities exist to quantify resilience factors and their use within manufacturing systems support software, and how to influence the resilience requirements of the wider stakeholders.