bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINGKAT KEPUASAN AUDITI INSPEKTORAT JENDERAL KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Winniasri Evy Fachraini
Published: September 2017

Level of Auditee Satisfaction is important for the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Agriculture, in order to identify the weakness of each dimension in delivering internal controlling activity and to determine the performance of internal controlling system in the Ministry of Agriculture. The objectives of this study are to analyze auditee satisfaction of internal control held by Inspectorate, to determine factors influencing auditee satisfaction, and to formulate strategies in increasing auditee satisfaction. Service Quality model was used to measure the perception of vertical institution under the authority of the Ministry of Agriculture on services received from Inspectorate. There were five dimensions that were measured, i.e tangibility, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy. Data were collected from 193 respondents. The study used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and software LISREL for data processing. The result reflected that all variables were significantly correlated to each dimension of Service Quality instrument and significantly influenced auditee satisfaction. Satisfactions were measured through overall satisfaction, the function of internal control related with non audit activity and the quality of audit report. Tangibility was the most significant factor influencing auditee satisfaction.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL HIDROLOGI DI SUB DAS CILIWUNG HULU
Authors: Yustika Rahmah Dewi
Published: September 2017

A watershed has complex hydrological components and may be difficult to understand comprehensively. Modelling can be used to simplify and predict the processes which will happen. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a model which can predict hydrology and simulate various processes in watershed.The objective of this research was: to analyse performance of SWAT model which predict discharge flow in upper Ciliwung watershed through calibration. Methods applied included analysis of the input data and calibration. The research was conducted in the period of June 2011 until June 2012. Based on the data of daily discharge flow in February and March 2008 and 2009, the calibration results showed values of R 0,80 and NSE 0,55. These results described that SWAT model can be used to predict hydrological processes in upper Ciliwung watershed.Prediction of hydrology could be used as the base to manage land agriculture towards sustainable agriculture.
PENDEKATAN SIMULASI UNTUK MENENTUKAN FREKUENSI AMATAN DALAM PENDUGAAN PRODUKTIVITAS CABAI
Authors: Wijayanto Hari
Published: September 2017

Horticulture is one of the important commodities in the agricultural sector. Methods of horticulture data collection is continuously developed to meet the needs of planning, one of which is a method of counting clump (RC) to estimate the productivity of horticultural commodities. However, the method of the RC is still encountering difficulties in its application, one of the difficulties is in the observation of crops with multiple harverst, such as chili. Simulation was conducted through generating productivity data using 5 models on group productivity data using 5 models on group productivity of plot samples with the same general characteristics. Through the simulation approach, the results of this study indicate that the observations of only partial harvest (twice) can estimate well total observation of harvest, provided the harvest frequency is known.
ANALISIS PARAMETRIK DAN NON PARAMETRIK PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SUKROSA DAN AMONIUM SULFAT TERHADAP MUTU NATA DE MELON
Authors: Amiarsi Dwi
Published: September 2017

In an effort to reduce yield losses of melon especially during period of storage, distribution, and marketing, an effective treatment is needed. A common technique is to process melon into nata de melon. The aim of the research was to determine the physical and chemical quality of nata de melon during storage. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development from July 2010 until February 2011. The design used was a completely randomized (CRD) factorial design, with two factors i.e. sucrose (6%; 8%; and 10%) and ammonium sulfate (0%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%) with two replications. The data was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric analyses. The results showed that 8% sucrose treatment was more effective in increasing yield, thickness, fiber content, firmness and flavor than other sucrose concentrations in nata de melon production. Additional treatment of ammonium sulfate 0.8% was more effective in increasing yield, thickness, fiber content, and elasticity compared to other concentrations of ammonium sulfate in nata de melon production. In general, a treatment combination of 8% sucrose and 0.6% ammonium sulfate can produce nata de melon better. Processing into nata de melon may prolong shelf life and increase the added value of melon.
Analisis Data Hasil Pengujian Multilokasi Padi Sawah dengan Menggunakan Model AMMI
Authors: Idris Idris
Published: September 2017

Various study of multi-location test of rice genotypes was strongly influenced by field and environmental factors. This study aimed to implement and to identify wetland rice genotypes. Multi-location test was conducted on some rice genotypes in Southeast Sulawesi in 2010 at various locations. Randomized block design was used with three replications in different locations. Data were analyzed using AMMI model. Results showed that rice production had the main effect with the genotype of KUI 1 and KUI 2. Moreover, BIPLOT test found that the genotype 2 of S3393-2F-17-1-1 was the only one of unstable genotype, and the rest were stable genotype. Not surprisingly, genotype (G) 4 (S3382-2D-PN-4-1), G 5 (S3382-2D-PN-6-3-3), G 7 (S3382-2D-PN-2D-1-1), G 11 (S3382-2D-1-1), G13 (Ciherang) and G 14 (Cisantana) were relatively stable. Those genotypes could be recommended as the high potential yield due to higher average production compared with general average. This study also indicated that G 3 (S3381-2D-PN-27-2), G 9 (S4359-E-11-2), and G 12 (IR64) are very suitable for growing in location A at Ladongi. Moreover, in location B study suggested that G 11 (OBS-9595) should be recommended at Wundulako. Finally, in Lambuya, particularly in location C, study indicated that some genotypes can grow well, viz. G 6 (S3382-2D-PN-17-3), G 8 (S4690 G-KN-4-3) and G 14 (Cisantana).
EFFECTIVE SIZE OF AUTO-TETRAPLOID POPULATION UNDER PARTIAL SELFING
Authors: Sabran Muhamad
Published: September 2017

Effective population size is defined as the number of breeding individual in an idealized population that would show the same amount of dispersion of allele frequencies under random genetic drift or the same amount of inbreeding as the population under consideration. Effective population size depends on the census size of the population and the mating system. In autotetraploid population, effective population size also depends on the probability of double reduction, i.e., a meiotic event when two sister chromatids end in the same gamete. In this research, we will study the effect of the probability of double reduction on the effective size of autotetraploid population reproduced by partial selfing. The formula for the effective population size was derived by equating the variance of the change in gene frequency in idealized population and its value in the autotetraploid population with arbitrary rate of partial selfing and double reduction. The resulted formula, and numerical study based on the formula, indicated that the effective size decreases by the increase of probability of double reduction and the rate of selfing. When there is complete selfing, however, the effective size is not affected by the probability of double reduction.
UJI DAYA ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN PANGAN
Authors: Prihandani Sri Suryatmiati
Published: September 2017

Garlic is widely used as a herbal medicine. In order to support the empirical use and improve its application in food safety, this study was conducted to test the antibacterial activity of garlic against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Garlic was used in the form of fine powder. Garlic powder then dissolved in sterile distilled water and squeezed to obtain garlic solution with a concentration of 50%, 25% and 12.5%. Antibacterial activity of garlic juice was tested by diffusion method using paper disc to determine diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zones. Screening results demonstrated that the chemical constituents of garlic powder were saponins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Garlic powder has antibacterial activity to Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. Garlic has antimicrobial potential and can be used as decontaminant against Escherichia coli to maintain quality of food safety such as meat.
EFISIENSI EKONOMI RELATIF USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN FUNGSI KEUNTUNGAN PADA PROGRAM SEKOLAH LAPANG-PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (SL-PTT) DI PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: September 2017

The research was conducted at three centers of rice production in the province of Bali i.e. regency of Tabanan, Gianyar and Buleleng in dry season of 2011 and wet season of 2011/2012. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The number of respondents consisted of 94 farmers non ICM-FFS and 122 farmers ICM-FFS with total respondents of 216 farmers. The distribution of sample respondents for each district were Tabanan district in subak Guama, Selanbawak village, Marga subdistrict as much as 78 respondents (44 ICM-FFS farmers and 34 farmer non ICM-FFS) ; Gianyar district in Subak Kumpul, Bona village, Blahbatuh subdisrict as much as 66 respondents (ICM-FFS 38 farmers and 28 farmer non ICM-FFS) and district Buleleng in subak Lebeha, Sangsit village, Sawan district as much as 72 respondent (40 farmers ICM-FFS dan 32 farmers non ICM-FFS). Relative economic efficiency and factors affecting low land rice farming profits were analyzed with Unit Output Price-Cobb Douglas Profit Function (UOP-CDPF) approach, which estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result showed that the relative economic efficiency of ICM-FFS farmer was significantly higher than the non ICM-FFS farmers. Factors affecting low land rice farming profitability were price of N fertilizer, P fertilizer price, price of pesticides and wage of labor. The profitability of low land rice farming was higher on their own land, cultivated in the dry season and the farmers participating in the ICM-FFS.
PENDUGAAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK DAN HERITABILITAS JAGUNG HIBRIDA SILANG PUNCAK PADA PERLAKUAN CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN
Authors: A Adriani
Published: September 2017

Development of maize varieties tolerant to drought is very important to extensification program in dry maginal lands, especially outside Java. The research objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance, genetic variabilities and heritabilities of hybrid maize top crosses at Probolinggo and Gowa during dry season. A randomized complete block design with two replications was applied to each location. The combined analysis of variance showed that hybrid x location interaction was significant for harvesting date, corncob length, 1000 grain weight, and highly significant for flowering date, leaf curling, husk cover aspect, corncob aspect, plant harvested, weight of corncob harvested and grain yield. The genetic variance was considered broad for grain yield, weight of corncob harvested, shalling percentage, number of grain rows per corncob, and corncob aspect. Heritability values in combined location analysis were high for shalling percentage; medium for grain yield, weight of corncob harvested, shalling number of grain rows per corncob and corncob aspect; but for the other characteristics they were low. Low selection intensity (≥ 10%) can be applied in this generation (S2), but strong selection intensity (≥20%) can be applied in the next generation (≥S3).
KARAKTERISTIK ENKAPSULAT MINYAK SAWIT MERAH DENGAN PENGAYAAN β-KAROTEN
Authors: YULIASARI Shannora , Fardiaz Dedi , Andarwulan Nuri , Yuliani Sri
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin combination with different encapsulation materials in the encapsulation of red palm oil by spray drying, in order to maximize encapsulation efficiency and retention of β-carotene. Maltodextrin was combined with xanthan gum (XG), gum arabic (GA), sodium caseinate (SC). The study was designed using a block randomized design with ten treatments and three replicates. The use of different combinations of encapsulation materials in this study had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the characteristic of encapsulates. The best encapsulation efficiency and β-carotene retention were obtained with MD:XG at a combination of 99.7:0.3%, while the lowest encapsulation efficiency and β-carotene retention were obtained for MD:SC. Combination of MD:XG produced encapsulate with 1.03% of surface oil, 92.40% of oil retention, 72.05% of encapsulation efficiency, and 72.65% of β-caroten retention. The mixtures of different encapsulation materials influenced encapsulate morphology. The MD:SC encapsulate had higher dents and folds on encapsulate surface, whereas the combination of MD:XG resulted in a smoother surface of the encapsulate.
MODEL PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PENYULUH DALAM PEMANFAATAN INFORMASI IKLIM DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN
Authors: Humaedah Ume , Yulianti Astrina , Sirnawati Enti , Efendi Lukman
Published: September 2017

Capacity of extension agents in understanding climate forecasting and climate change is allegedly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their capacity on this issue. Research was conducted between May to December 2014. Indramayu in West Java was choosen purposively, representing irrigated-land agroecosystem. Respondents were extension agents selected from Agricultural Extension of Fisheries and Forestry Services (BP3K) or Agricultural Extension Services (BPP)with their working area being considered high vulnerability to climate change. Total respondents were 59 extension agents randomly selected. There were three phases of dynamic hypothesis resulting in : 1) problem identification, 2) ideal capacity determination; and 3) model design. Methods of data collection were survey, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD). A RAP-FISH ordination technique through Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) was used to assess the existing extension capacity and identify sensitive attributes influencing the ability of the extension agents in the use of climate information through analysis of leverage in each variable. Results showed that accessibility to resources, information management and election of extension dimension methods were the dimensions to be considered for improving the extension agents capacity building in climate utilization. Therefore, a structural approach should be done through increased synergy between institutions involved in capacity building of extension agents and its resources. Moreover, synergy amongst sources of information should be conducted to encourage the roles of BP4K and BP3K in managing climate information. While the functional approach is done through re-designing capacity development activities on utilizing climate information, with the focus on improving the accessibility, information management, and selection of extension methods.
ANALISIS RANCANGAN FAKTORIAL TIGA FAKTOR UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI MOLASES TEBU
Authors: Arif SP.MSi Abdullah Bin , Diyono Wahyu , Budiyanti Agus , Richana Nur
Published: September 2017

Bioethanol is a plant-based fuels potential as alternative materials to substitute fossil fuels which are non-renewable. The aim of this study is to get the optimal dose of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starer, concentration of nitrogen (urea) and fermentation time for the production of bioethanol effectively and efficiently. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Postharvest Research and Development Institute, Bogor from May to September 2015. The materials used are molasses of sugar cane. The experimental design used was a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was the treatment of fermentation time (1, 2 and 3 days). The second factor was the nitrogen concentration (0, 2 and 4 grams). The thirtd factor was the Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration (1, 1.5 and 2 grams). Each treatment was repeated twice. Observations were made on the characteristics of the raw materials (total sugar content, ash content and calcium content) and the resulting product (total sugar content, alcohol content and yield). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae and treatment of urea 2 grams each produced the highest yield alcohol with a fermentation time of 3 days.
ANALISIS STABILITAS HASIL GENOTIPE KEDELAI MENGGUNAKAN METODE ADDITIVE MAIN EFFECT AND MULTIPLICATIVE INTERACTION (AMMI)
Authors: Krisnawati Ayda , Basunanda Panjisakti , Nasrullah NFn , Adie M Muchlish
Published: September 2017

An ideal soybean cultivar is the one that achieves the greatest yield consistently across many environments regardless of environmental conditions. The objective of this experiment was to determine the soybean seed yield stability by AMMI method. A total of ten soybean genotypes, which consisted of eight soybean promising lines (G100H/SHRW-60-38, SHRW-60/G100H-73, SHRW-60/G100H-68, SHRW-60/G100H-66, G100H/SHRW-34, SHRW-60/G100H-5, SHRW-60/G100H-70, and SHRW-60/G100H-75) and two soybean check varieties (Kaba and Wilis) was evaluated at six soybean production centers in Yogyakarta, Banyuwangi and West Nusa Tenggara during 2011. The field experimental design for each location was completely randomized design with four replicates. Each genotype was planted on 2.4 m x 4.5 m plot size, 40 cm x 15 cm plant distance, with 2 plants/hill. Stability analysis on seed yield was based on the AMMI method.The combined analysis showed that the genotype and GEI were highly significant for seed yield. The AMMI of the first significant interaction principal component (PC1) accounted for 66.07% of the total variation. Based on AMMI1 biplot, G1 (G100H/SHRW-60-38) and G5 (G100H/SHRW-34) showed higher yield stability. However, the most stable genotype (G5) produced low yield. The other stable genotype (G5) showed highest soybean yield, and therefore it is proposed to be released as a new improved soybean variety.
RESPON MUTU PISANG KULTIVAR MAS KIRANA TERHADAP KEMASAN ATMOSFER TERMODIFIKASI AKTIF
Authors: Pradhana Adhitya Yudha
Published: September 2017

Major constraints and problems associated with postharvest handling of fresh banana are short shelf life and lack of proper postharvest handling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fruit quality and shelf life under MAP packaging, with or without KMnO4. This research was conducted between May-August 2013 at the laboratory of food processing and agricultural product, Bogor Agricultural Institute. The data obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), if the results were significant at 5%, then further test was carried out with Duncan test. The results indicated that the shelf life of bananas packaged in White Stretch Film (WSF) with KMnO4 (MAP active) at 28°C could be stored for 10 days and comparable to 6 days without KMnO4 (MAP passive), and the shelf life of fruit packed in MAP active at 15°C could be stored for 24 days and comparable to 16 days for MAP passive. The 3 factors interaction were significant at different levels of starch content at 6th day, whereas total soluble solids (TSS) was significantly different at 2nd day of storage. MAP active treatment could delay starch content degradation and TSS when compared to passive MAP.
ANALISIS GGE BIPLOT PADA HASIL KLON-KLON UBI KAYU MENGGUNAKAN METODE RESTRICTED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Authors: Noerwijati Kartika , Nasrullah NFn , Taryono NFn , Prajitno Djoko
Published: September 2017

The study was conducted in five locations i.e Kediri, Ponorogo, Probolinggo, Malang, and Mojokerto, from November 2010 until August 2011. The planting materials used were 15 cassava clones. The research objective was to compare analysis methods of the genotype × environment interaction, namely: a) GGE technique using REML without A matrix by assuming homogeneous residual error variance, b) GGE technique using REML with A matrix by assuming homogeneous residual error variance, c) GGE technique using REML without A matrix by assuming heterogeneous residual error variance, and d) GGE technique using REML with A matrix by assuming heterogeneous residual error variance. The results showed that GGE technique using REML without A matrix by assuming heterogeneous residual error variance was more appropriate. Clones CMM 03038-7 (G8) had a wide adaptability and high yield potential, and its clone was closest to the ideal criteria for genotype compared with other genotypes. Clones CMM 03094-4 (G10) had specific adaptability in the environments S2 (Malang) and S5 (Mojokerto), and it had higher yield potential than the control varieties UJ5, Malang 6, and Adira 4. Environment Kediri (S1) had the highest yield among other environments and Kediri was a suitable environment for the growth and selection of cassava.
 
APLIKASI PENDEKATAN LAND RENT DALAM MENGANALISIS ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN SAWAH MENJADI KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Fahri Anis
Published: September 2017

Land rent of paddy field is lower than oil palm and it encourages farmers to convert wetland to oil palm plantations.This study aimed to determine the impact of land use on the welfare of rice farmers. The experiment was conducted in Kampar district from April to December 2013. Data were collected through a field survey of 30 rice farmers and 30 farmers who converted wetland to oil palm plantations. Land rent value of paddy rice farming management was then compared with the land rent of oil palm plantations. The alignment of the calculation of land rent value of both commodities was carried out by PVNR value approach to timing analysis for 25 years (according to the economic lives of oil palm plantations) and a discount rate of 10%. The economic analysis showed that the average rice farming land rent value was Rp.9.834.727/hectare/year. The average land rent value of oil palm was Rp 16.255.090/hectare/year. PVNR - land rent value of the rice farming was Rp. 89.200.977 / hectare, while the value of farm land rent - PVNR of oil palm was Rp. 111.388.769/hectare . PVNR - land rent of oil palm was higher by 25 % than that of paddy. The result indicated that the ratio of land rent oil palm was 1.25 times higher than wetland. The welfare of rice farmers was lower with the value of NTPRP 0,57 than oil palm farmers with the value of NTPRP 0,70.
TINGKAT PARASITASI PARASITOID TELUR PBPK PADA PERTANAMAN PADI DENGAN BEBERAPA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA
Authors: Resiani Ni Made Delly , Sunanjaya I Wayan
Published: September 2017

Rice is the staple food of Indonesia's population. Various problems occur in an effort to increase production and productivity. One problem is the attack of yellow rice stem borer (PBPK) which may result in yield losses up to 90%. Utilization of parasitoid is an alternative to suppress the attack of Yellow Rice Stem Borer. The study was conducted in Tabanan, covering three locations with the altitudes of 50, 300, and 550 meters above sea leve, and at the Plant Pests and Diseases laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of parasitization of the best Yellow Rice Stem Borer as a natural control agent at different altitudes. The method used was survey by taking a sample group of Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs with a purposive random sampling in the area of 2.5 hectares (one block in each location was an area of 0.5 hectares) at each location. Observations on parasitoid found in Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs were done on parasitoid species diversity, equality, abundance, parasitation level, sex ratio, and the pattern of parasitoid invasion. The results showed three species of parasitoid eggs PBPK as biological control agents. Parasitation level of T. rowani and T. japonicum was the highest at the altitude of 50 meters above sea level, while T. schoenobii at the altitude of 300 and 500 meters above sea level.
EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI TADAH HUJAN DI KAWASAN PERBATASAN KABUPATEN SAMBAS DENGAN PENDEKATAN STOCHASTIC FRONTIER FUNGSI PRODUKSI (KASUS DI DESA SEBUBUS, KECAMATAN PALOH)
Authors: Burhansyah Rusli
Published: September 2017

Development of rice for food self-sufficiency in the border region of Sambas regency is quite prospective. However, in the District Paloh rice productivity is still relatively low, allegedly due to inefficiency in the use of inputs. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficiency and income of rice farming in the village of Sebubus, Paloh district. The research method used was stohastic frontier of production function with OLS and Maximum likelihood (MLE). The study was conducted in the village Sebubus, District Paloh between May - June 2014. Sampling was done with Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The data used was the cross section data obtained from interviews of 120 rice farmers. The Stohastic frontier of production function analysis was performed using the Cobb-Douglas models. The results showed that land, N fertilizer and K fertilizer significantly affected rice production at 95% confidence level. The results also showed that rainfed rice paddy was relatively efficient technically (mean efficiency of 0,81). Age of farmers was a source of technical inefficiency that significantly could improve technical efficiency. Characteristics of farmers such as age, education and experience could help farmers improve their technical efficiency of rice production. Rainfed rice farming in the village Sebubus was relatively favorable (profit of USD 4,099,582.50) and viable (the value of R/C ratio above 2,84 cash costs and the value of R/C ratio on total cost of $ 2,29).
METODE CEPAT IDENTIFIKASI JARINGAN IRIGASI TERSIER DALAM PROSES PERBAIKAN IRIGASI
Authors: Purwadinata Haryono , Ramadhani Fadhlullah
Published: September 2017

The availability of water can not be separated from good tertiary irrigation network, apart from the available Secondary and Primary networks and also irrigation dams. Apart from funding, monitoring of JIT (Tertiary Irrigation Network) during the development and implementation is important. Identification of JIT condition is necessary for repairs, and problem frequently arise is the lack of rapid and accurate report from monitoring the condition. A rapid identification method that is simple, fast and accurate, provides an alternative in implementing the irrigation network monitoring. With a simple device that is Android-based mobile phone, equipped with a variety of applications, such as GPS Test, Open camera, GPS Photo Viewer and Photo folders, it is easier in monitoring of JIT. Results of monitoring in West Lombok using rapid method as an alternative, provided an option, better than the old method, with garmin gps, pictures with coordinates that can be sent directly, via social media, so that monitoring can be viewed simultaneously in the field and in the central office, monitoring information did not require a long time in the reports, and impact evaluation could be faster.
METODE ACCELARATED SHELF LIFE TEST (ASLT) DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARRHENIUS DALAM PENDUGAAN UMUR SIMPAN SARI BUAH NANAS, PEPAYA DAN CEMPEDAK
Authors: Arif SP.MSi Abdullah Bin
Published: September 2017

Pineapple, papaya and cempedak are horticultural commodities that are perishable, require large space, and are usually consumed in fresh form. Based on that, technologies are required for processing them, and one alternative is juice technology. To ensure that the juice is still suitable for consumption and unspoiled, information on shelf life is necessary. Method of estimating shelf life used is ASLT (Accelarated Shelf Life Test). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of The Indonesian Center for Postharvest Agricultural Research and Development between September 2012 – January 2013. Results showed that kinetics reaction in the deterioration of vitamin C in pineapple and pineapple-Cempedak juice followed order one reaction. At storage temperature ranging between 30 °C to -5 °C pineapple-cempedak juice showed a shelf life longer than the shelf life of pineapple and pineapple-papaya juices. The estimated shelf life of pineapple-cempedak juice at a temperature of -5 °C was 197.85 days. Shelf life of pineapple-papaya juice at a temperature of -5 °C was 172.39 days. Shelf life of pineapple juice at a temperature of -5 °C was 156.85 days.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI JAGUNG PADA LAHAN KERING MELALUI PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU (PTT) DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Silitonga Parlindungan Y , Hartoyo Sri , Sinaga Bonar M , Rusastra I Wayan
Published: September 2017

Implementation of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on maize farming in dry land is expected to increase the production and efficiency. This study aimed to: 1) analyze technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies of dry land maize farming under ICM and non-ICM implementation program, 2) identify factors that influence the technical inefficiency of maize farming under ICM and non-ICM implementation program. The study was conducted in maize production center in West Java province at Sukabumi and Garut regencies. Stratified random sampling method was used to survey 300 households in 2015. The data were analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function; while allocative and economic efficiencies were analyzed using the input side approach with frontier dual cost function. The results showed that the productivity of ICM maize farming was 18% higher than the non-ICM. The level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of ICM maize farming were 88%, 22%, and 20% respectively, while the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of non-ICM maize farming were 78%, 18%, and 14%, respectively. The level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies increased by 11% to 30% higher in ICM than the non-ICM. Factors causing technical inefficiency were frequency of extension, educational level, and distance of farmland from farmers residence.
ANALISIS SPASIAL DALAM KLASIFIKASI LAHAN KRITIS DI KAWASAN SUB-DAS LANGGE GORONTALO
Authors: Anasiru Rahmat Hanif
Published: September 2017

Watershed (DAS) is a complex ecosystem, where land quality is largely determined by land use activities. This illustrates the importance of analytical procedure, especially where the context in which the spatial pattern of land use in the future can be designed based on the risk of degradation in large areas. Data and information are necessary to be used as reference in designing a planning scheme related to land use. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a system that has the ability to analyze problems and their spatial and non-spatial combinations (queries) in order to provide solutions to spatial problems. Sustainable farming is an integral part of sustainable development, a farming system which preserves water resources, land resources, and plant resources in acceptable and suitable ways economically, socially, and environmentally. The research aimed to identify and classify critical land by spatial analysis. Based on identification of land, there were 12 individual units in the study area. Based on the spatial analysis, critical land classification was divided into not critical area of 1,818 ha (28.7.%), Potentially Critical 2,596 ha (41.06%), Moderately critical 1,631 ha (25.08%), Critical 226 ha (3.57 %). Most of the land in sub-basin Langge was a hilly area of 1180.6 ha (63.8%) with a slope of 12-25%; 25-40% and above 40%. Alternative farm management in this area was a conservation farm by mechanical conservation techniques (terraces) or vegetative with cultivation techniques hallway, living fences, grass strips and agroforestry.
2018 SPE President Darcy Spady
Authors: Spady Darcy
Published: September 2017

Darcy Spady, the 2018 SPE president, is the first Canadian to have been elected to this position. Spady, who works with Calgary-based Broadview Energy, has been an active SPE member since graduating from university. Most recently, he served on the SPE International Board as regional director for Canada; he is also a member of the Vancouver and Calgary sections. Spady has held officer positions in the Calgary, Illinois Basin, and Appalachian sections. In 2012, he won a Regional Service Award for his work in the Canada region.

Spady has an extensive background in the natural gas, oil, and heavy oil segments of the industry, having worked a decade for Schlumberger across North America in its wireline and pressure pumping segments, as well as with Columbia Natural Resources/Triana Energy group in the Appalachians, and Atlantic Canada. He has also served as CEO of Calgary-based Contact Exploration and more recently as head of sales for Sanjel Corporation.

He is an active independent director, serving as board chairman for Green Imaging Technologies, Crestwynd Exploration, and as a board member of MNP Petroleum. He previously served on the boards of Edge Resources, Contact Exploration, Guildhall Minerals, and Poplar Point Exploration. Spady holds a BS degree in petroleum engineering from the University of Alberta.

What are the main goals you would like to accomplish?

I have five main goals:

The first one is revising the SPE Strategic Plan, which has not been updated in 5 years, and which charts the course of SPE. Times have changed dramatically, and it is a different industry and a different SPE.

The second comes from my background in the industry and the company I am with, Broadview Energy. I have a special interest in heavy oil technology and would like to promote the importance of that.

The third goal is something I have been talking about in the past year since I was nominated: the importance of increasing awareness about the need for community consensus and corporate social responsibility. Previous SPE presidents have talked about it, but my flavor is a little different. I am actually a farmer and do field work around wellheads, so I look at the issue from a landowner point of view.

The fourth is to ensure that SPE’s new sections and sections that may be in remote areas receive the same quality of programs and services that the larger, better-established sections receive. I think equality in what SPE delivers is very important. We need to grow equitably in a global sense as well, making sure we are a diverse organization that reflects our membership.

The fifth is to represent and support the independent and small producers around the world. My experience on the producer side has been with small companies, and I sit at some board tables with small companies, so I feel an obligation to ensure better attention from SPE to this group.
Angola: Does Recent Change Mean Economic Development?
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2017

If it is a truism that the nations of the developing world are engaged in the process of developing, it is also clear that, for a variety of reasons, not all nations experience the process at the same rate. In the case of Angola—the populous southern African republic described in some quarters as a dynamic, emerging powerhouse, and in others as a would-be success story stymied by cronyism—the oil industry waits to see whether the effect of recent political shifts will change the economic and social course that the nation has charted in its often-tumultuous 42 years of independence.

The waters off the nation’s Atlantic coast hold enormous exploration and production potential, a fact that has allowed Angola to compete with heavyweight Nigeria as the continent’s top oil producer, even surpassing the Federal Republic for several months in late 2016. After years of working to impress upon the rest of the world that it was prepared to take on a major role in the continent’s future, Angola joined the Organization of the Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 2007. Its proven crude reserves stand at 9.5 billion barrels (at least 1–2 billion more barrels may also rest in its presalt blocks), with another 308 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves. At its peak in early 2010, its crude oil production reached over 2 million B/D (as of June 2017, its production stood at 1.66 million B/D after the early-2017 OPEC effort to cut production, while crude oil exports reached 1.67 million B/D). Table 1 provides Angola’s oil production in recent years.

Angola is the second-largest African supplier of oil to China, and is a top-10 global producer of vented and flared natural gas. But Angola has, naturally, been subject to the same effects of low oil prices and market instability that have wrought recent havoc on all oil-based economies, especially in light of the fact that Angola’s production is highly dependent upon cost-intensive deepwater production. As the price crash settled into its deepest ebb in 2016, the influx of foreign money from its oil exports dropped a staggering 55%.

Its famously expensive capital Luanda continues to erupt into towering walls of glass and the cranes that hoist them, but skeptics believe that Angola’s growth may be too hollow and one-dimensional to project long-term economic growth. The question now is whether a recent change in leadership, in which longtime President José Eduardo dos Santos stepped down after legislative elections, means a genuine onset of economic diversification and social development for the nation’s 28 million people, and what such a transformation might mean for the industry in Africa.
Water-Injection Operations and Gas-Injection Sensitivities in the Bakken Formation
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 185030, “Improved Oil Recovery in Tight Oil Formations: Results of Water-Injection Operations and Gas-Injection Sensitivities in the Bakken Formation of Southeast Saskatchewan,” by S.M. Ghaderi, C.R. Clarkson, and A. Ghanizadeh, University of Calgary, and K. Barry and R. Fiorentino, Crescent Point Energy, prepared for the 2017 SPE Canada Unconventional Resources Conference, Calgary, 15–16 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Although improvement in hydraulic-fracture properties and infill drilling remains the focus of recovery enhancement from the Bakken, low oil recoveries and steep initial decline rates are experienced in primary-recovery operations, even after application of multifractured-horizontal-well technology.  Therefore, many pilots have been executed to determine the viability of waterflooding for maintaining oil rates and improving recoveries through reservoir-pressure maintenance and sweep-efficiency enhancement. This paper presents the performance results from one of the waterflood pilots in the Viewfield Bakken. 

Numerical-Model Setup

A section of the Bakken reservoir (the geology of which is described in detail in the complete paper) deemed to be representative of the waterflood performance in Viewfield is considered for modeling. This section has been developed by use of multifractured horizontal wells completed in the Middle Bakken (main target reservoir) with a well spacing of 200 m (eight wells per section, named A through H). All eight wells started oil production within a similar time frame, and, after approximately 1 year of production, every other well was converted to a water injector.

Reservoir-Fluid Model. Conventional pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis was conducted by a commercial laboratory on 12 surface-separator oil and gas samples. Recombination of fluids at reservoir temperature (156.2°F) yields a final gas/oil ratio of 810 scf/STB. Subsequently, a series of constant-composition-expansion and differential-liberation tests was conducted on the recombined fluid to determine oil-saturation pressure, oil-formation-volume factor, oil density, and oil and gas viscosity as a function of pressure. The Peng-Robinson equation of state and modified Pedersen viscosity correlation were tuned to replicate the PVT properties of oil and gas as a function of pressure.

Reservoir Grid Model. On the basis of the well tops and reservoir net-pay values, reservoir structure for the study area was generated. It is known that the minimum horizontal stress is aligned in the northwest direction and at approximately 50° with respect to the east/west horizon. Therefore, reservoir gridding is rotated at this angle to mimic the hydraulic-fracture orientation along the horizontal-well laterals. Grid size in the horizontal direction is 65×65 ft, and the total thickness of the reservoir is approximately 28 ft, which is divided into nine layers of equal thickness.
Technique Blends Dimensionless Numbers and Data Mining To Predict Recovery Factors
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 181024, “Recovery-Factor Prediction for Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Oil Fields by Integration of Dimensionless Numbers With Data-Mining Techniques,” by Priyank Srivastava and Xingru Wu, SPE, University of Oklahoma, and Amin Amirlatifi, SPE, Mississippi State University, prepared for the 2016 SPE Intelligent Energy International Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, 6–8 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Using attributes from a database of 395 deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil fields, a set of dimensionless numbers is calculated that helps in scaling attributes for all the oil fields. On the basis of these dimensionless numbers, various data-mining techniques are used to classify the oil fields. Subsequently, partial-least-square (PLS) regression is used to relate the dimensionless numbers to the recovery factor. This study shows that dimensionless numbers, together with data-mining techniques, can predict field behavior in terms of recovery factor for sparse data sets.

Introduction

The digitization of information and the rise of inexpensive sensor technologies have ushered in a new era of computing in which acquired data are used to show hidden patterns and trends. This method of computing is very efficient in solving inverse problems where parameters affecting system characteristics are not completely known. Hydrocarbon reservoirs provide a classic case of a natural system where engineers have limited control on the design of the system that they work with; thus, they have to rely on indirect measurements to determine properties of the reservoir and use these properties for prediction of future trends. Performance prediction is usually accomplished with either analytical material-balance equations or numerical reservoir simulation. However, both methods use a bottom-up work flow, which suffers from a drawback: the need for accurate representation of subsurface geology. Data mining, on the other hand, provides an alternative top-down intelligent-reservoir-modeling approach, which uses measured reservoir properties as the basis for modeling.

Using publicly available information—including information on geology, geophysics, reserves, production, and infrastructure—the complete paper applies various data-mining and predictive-analytics algorithms to estimate recovery factor. Classical reservoir engineering assumes that recovery factor is dependent on rock properties, fluid properties, geological structures, and mode of production. Instead of using traditional deterministic methods, such as material balance or numerical simulation, this study uses data-driven analytics to estimate the recovery factor.
Analytical Method Validation of Azadirachtin Extracted From Azadirachta Indica
Authors: Ul Haq Syed Imran , Singh Tribhuvan , Salman Shaik Mohammed , Namreen Afifa , Rasheed Anas
Published: September 2017

A simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of Azadirachtin is developed exhibiting maximum absorbance using distilled water at 542nm.The present study is based on the detection of sample drug concentration using dichloro methane as diluent. All the conditions required were optimized. Statistical analysis was carried out and results of which were satisfactory. The optical characteristics such as absorption maxima, regression analysis and correlation coefficient are obtained. Recovery studies were close to 100% that indicate the accuracy and precision of proposed method and the non-interference of the formulation excipients. All the valid parameters are summarized.
A incerteza científica e a Geografia
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo Dutra , Vitte Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2017

As incertezas científicas referem-se a aspectos fundamentais que compõem o projeto de Sociedade e Ciência Moderna. Em ambos houve forte vínculo com os princípios da racionalidade, universalidade e ordenação. As incertezas, aleatoriedades, singularidades foram tratadas como aparentes e devendo ser universalizadas. A Geografia moderna faz parte deste projeto e buscou universalizar as diferenciações e multiplicidades espaciais. Avanços científicos desde o XIX e no XX, destacaram as incertezas no funcionamento e conhecimento da Natureza. Pretende-se apresentar esse movimento de afirmação das incertezas tendo a Geografia como exemplo e como catalisadora de algumas repercussões. No fenômeno geográfico as incertezas apresentam tanto caráter ontológico (observado no fenômeno em si), quanto epistemológico (como se conhece).
Application of response surface methodology as a new PID tuning method in an electrocoagulation process control case
Authors: Camcıoğlu Ş. , Özyurt B. , Doğan İ. C. , Hapoğlu H.
Published: September 2017

In this work the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameter tuning for electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater was researched. Dynamic data for two controlled variables (pH and electrical conductivity) were obtained under pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) input signals applied to manipulated variables (acid and supporting electrolyte flow rates). Third order plus time delay model parameters were evaluated through System Identification Toolbox™ in MATLAB®. Four level full factorial design was applied to form a design matrix for three controller tuning parameters as factors and to evaluate statistical analysis of the system in terms of integral of square error (ISE), integral of absolute error (IAE), integral of time square error (ITSE) and integral of time absolute error (ITAE) performance criteria as response. Numerical values of the responses for the runs in the design matrices were determined using closed-loop PID control system simulations designed in Simulink®. Optimum proportional gain, integral action and derivative action values for electrical conductivity control were found to be 1,500 s, 0 s and 16.4636 s respectively. Accordingly, the same optimization scheme was followed for pH control and optimum controller parameters were found to be −8.6970 s, 0.0211 s and 50 s, respectively. Theoretically optimized controller parameters were applied to batch experimental studies. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and energy consumption of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment by EC under controlled action of pH at 5.5 and electrical conductivity at 2.72 mS/cm was found to be 85% and 3.87 kWh/m3 respectively. Results showed that multi input–multi output (MIMO) control action increased removal efficiency of COD by 15.41% and reduced energy consumption by 6.52% in comparison with treatment under uncontrolled conditions.