bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual-theoretical identifications of the relationship „paradiplomacy - foreign policy”
Authors:   Moldova State University, Cebotari Svetlana
Published: July 2021

Although the phenomenon of ,,paradiplomacy” appeared in the 1970s, only at the beginning of the XXI century, this concept has become present in scientific research and in the speeches of politicians. The term was invented to designate the international activities of the non-central institutions of a state: municipalities, regions, private companies, etc. Starting from the reasoning according to which the foreign policy represents the state activity in international affairs or the state activity on the international arena, the phenomenon ,,paradiplomacy” also designates the international activity of transnational regions or regional blocs, private companies, municipalities, etc. The article aims at highlighting the correlation between the concept of “paradiplomacy” and ,,foreign policy”.
Main challenges, threats and risks to food security of the Republic of Moldova in the modern period
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Sakovici Vasilii , Cazacu Vitalie ,   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

The article examines challenges, threats and risks of food security in Moldova in the context of providing the country’s population with foodstuff. It is noted that threats to food security in Moldova have now increased and are associated with political and macroeconomic, social and trade-economic, natural and man-made, technological and agro-ecological challenges and threats. It is concluded that the food security of Moldova is not ensured at the present stage; a qualitative transformation of Moldovan agricultural production is required, as well as an increase in its efficiency in the production of agricultural products and food in order to meet the needs of the domestic market.
The policy of the immigration process in Israel
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova, Dinner Dan , Golovataia Ludmila ,   Academy of Public Administration, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2021

A great deal of countries is currently absorbing waves of immigrants. It is true that in the past two years, 2018 – 2020, the immigration among countries has begun to decrease. However, if we take a look at the last decade, this is a worldwide movement, possessed by movement of populations. The absorbing countries were partially coordinated as per their absorption policy (mainly the European Union countries). In contrast, most of the other countries, inclusive of North America and Australia, are already ,,experienced”, and thus, already have clear policies at their disposal. This article will try to present the immigration process and absorption in Israel, and to point on problem steps.
General considerations on the administrative act (part II)
Authors:   Moldova State University, Vitiuc Victor
Published: July 2021

The administrative act represents one of the forms through which the public authority accomplishes its mission, being the most important of these from a legal point of view. The Administrative Code introduces new concepts and regulates the administrative activity that represents all individual and normative administrative acts, administrative contracts, real acts and administrative operations performed by public authorities in public power, thus making it possible to organize law enforcement and direct law enforcement.
Dépenses publiques d’éducation et marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: OUATTARA Arthur , AKI LELA Wilfried , TAPE Raoul
Published: July 2021

Cet article analyse l’effet des dépenses publiques d’éducation sur le marché du travail en Côte d’Ivoire à l’aide d’un modèle d’équilibre général calculable (MEGC) statique. Le modèle présente des dotations en main d’œuvre qualifié, moyennement qualifié et non qualifié pour les différentes catégories de ménages. Le système d’éducation est catégorisé en trois cycle, notamment le primaire, le secondaire et le supérieur dans les établissement publics ou privés. La formation éducative est demandée par les ménages ruraux et urbains pour des motifs d’investissement et permet aux travailleurs peu qualifiés d’améliorer leur dotation en travail. Les résultats montrent un effet positif des dépenses d’éducation sur le comportement des apprenants, sur le marché du travail et sur le bien-être des ménages. En fin de période, le nombre de diplômés est en hausse, l’offre de travail qualifié s’accroît et le chômage s’accentue chez les travailleurs non qualifiés.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SPECIALTY NATURAL RUBBER LATEX CONCENTRATE
Authors: Ramli Roslim , Chai Ai Bao , Ho Jee Hou , Kamaruddin Shamsul , Rasdi Fatimah Rubaizah Mohd , De Focatiis Davide S. A.
Published: July 2021

Conventionally, specialty natural rubber (SpNR) latex, namely, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) latex, are prepared from low ammonia latex (LATZ) causing high material cost. To address this issue, the objective of this study is to prepare SpNR latex directly from freshly tapped NR latex. In this work, DPNR latex is prepared via a heat enzymatic hydrolysis process, while ENR latex is prepared via in situ epoxidation chemical modification process. In addition, both DPNR and ENR latex were concentrated to 60% total solid content via ultrafiltration process using membrane separation technology. Physiochemical properties of DPNR, ENR, and LATZ latex were compared. Results show that the total solid content, dry rubber content, and alkalinity level of the latexes achieved the targeted value. This study also found that nitrogen content of DPNR latex, LATZ latex, and ENR latex were at 0.11%, 0.29%, and 0.25%, respectively, indicating successful deproteinization of the DPNR latex. On the other hand, the epoxidation level of ENR latex produced in this study was at 46.3%, which is slightly lower than the targeted level of 50%. Rheological studies found that ENR latex exhibits the highest viscosity, followed by DPNR and LATZ, but all show characteristic shear-thinning behavior. This study also found that LATZ and DPNR latex are more liquid-like in nature, while ENR latex behaves more like an elastic solid. Non-ionic surfactants play a major role in influencing flow and deformation behavior of the ENR and DPNR latex.
Investment in IT as a Priority Area of Economic Development in Ukraine
Authors: Hevorhyan Hoar A. , Kushnir Svitlana O.
Published: July 2021

In modern economic realities, information technologies are considered the main resource of technological and socio-economic development of the country, because they are used in all spheres of society and the state, and directly affect the overall national situation. Therefore, the study and analysis of the conditions for their attraction are relevant both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of attracting investment in information technologies and search for methods to improve the investment environment for this industry. For the furtherance of this goal, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, scientific abstraction, and modelling. Within the framework of this study, an interpretation of the concepts of “investment” and “information technologies” are provided and their role and functions at the macro and micro economic levels are highlighted; the main aspects of financing and attracting money in the field of IT are considered; the main problems and prospects of investing in this area in Ukraine are identified; the dynamics of attracting investment in information technologies are analysed; methods for improving the investment environment in the field of IT are proposed. The study also analysed the financial sources of attracting investment, listed the advantages and disadvantages of each type of financing, considered the dynamics and structure of innovation at industrial enterprises of Ukraine in 2019, and established the relationship between the volume of attracted monetary investments and the introduction of innovations. In the course of the study, methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in the IT field were also considered, the essence, advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods were identified. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be used to develop a plan and methods for improving the investment climate in the industry, based on the analysis of its strengths and weaknesses
Level of Ecological and Economic Diversification: A Methodology for Assessing the Sustainability of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Strapchuk Svitlana І.
Published: July 2021

As a global initiative within the framework of the United Nations Environment Programme framework, the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity emphasises the importance of applying a systematic approach to the assessment of Natural Resources and the need to introduce new forms of economic growth to the sustainable development of enterprises. Existing management practices of agricultural enterprises, such as monoculture, create a constant monotonous load on the soil and lead to a decrease in humus content, contribute to erosion, but remain highly profitable. Changing the forms of economic growth in favour of introducing sustainable practices such as organic production, sustainable intensification, and eco-production requires appropriate sources of financing, a high level of environmental awareness, and comprehensive methods for assessing environmental and economic factors. The purpose of the study is to substantiate a methodological approach to a comprehensive assessment of the ecological and economic diversification of an enterprise based on the principles of sustainable development, which allows taking into account the level of diversity of cultivated crops in relation to the structure of marketable products. To achieve this goal, statistical information on the activities of agricultural enterprises in the Kharkivska Oblast was used, as well as monographic, graphical and statistical methods of research. Data analysis and processing were performed using specialised software: Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10. The study presents the developed and tested coefficient of ecological and economic diversification, which allows assessing the level of agrobiodiversity of sown areas and marketable products of agricultural enterprises based on the management results for 2019. The coefficient is based on information theory in the context of applying the Shannon-Weaver index. As a result of the search for the relationship between the coefficient of ecological and economic diversification and profit per 1 hectare, the statement about the gradual loss of profitability during the growth of the number of types of crops is confirmed. However, there are enterprises that maintain profitability during the expansion of the acreage structure. The practical significance of the findings obtained is allows assessing the possibility of adapting the structure of acreage to market conditions, taking into account environmental and economic factors
The Role of Economic Diplomacy in the System of Modern International Economic Relations
Authors: Kukharyk Viktoriia V. , Nübling Thomas
Published: July 2021

The modern globalised world is characterised by economic independence, which is a component that measures the level of relations between countries, the content, direction and intensity of which has begun to be influenced by economic dependence. In other words, economic relations have become central to diplomatic activity, which determines the relevance of the subject matter. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of economic diplomacy in the system of modern international economic relations, to compare the theoretical model of economic diplomacy and the practice of its implementation. This paper uses the following methods: scientific abstraction; monographic, dialectical, historicallogical; structural-logical; abstract-logical; methods of regression analysis; synthesis; problem-oriented method; statistical and graphic methods. The author used a Scatter plot model and performed a regression analysis to determine which free trade area (Ukraine-EU, Ukraine-Canada, or Ukraine-Israel) affects Ukraine's GDP growth. The study model confirms the positive relationship between Ukraine's GDP growth and the growth of foreign trade turnover (FTT) between Ukraine and the EU. The linear model explains that a 1% increase in FTT affects an average 5% increase in Ukraine's GDP. At the same time, the regression model shows the opposite trend in terms of FTT between Ukraine and Canada, Ukraine and Israel. Thus, the dynamics of Ukraine's FTT with these countries does not have a significant impact on GDP. Only the growth of FTT between Ukraine and the EU indicates the effectiveness of bilateral cooperation. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that the theoretical foundations, conclusions, and recommendations obtained and formulated by the author can serve as a basis for further study of issues of economic diplomacy and for the development of such a concept of economic diplomacy, which should take into account the positions of stakeholders to balance the interests of ensuring the national economic security of the state
Offshoring as a Threat to the National Economic Security: Causes and Ways to Counteract
Authors: Hobela Volodymyr V. , Melnyk Stepan I.
Published: July 2021

The volume of capital outflows from Ukraine to offshore jurisdictions has become quite large and poses a threat to the economic security of the state, however, measures to de-offshorise the economy are not effective. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying factors that affect the level of offshoring of the economy, in addition to the state's tax policy, and at developing measures to de-offshorise the state economy. The study used general and special methods of cognition, economic, mathematical, and statistical analysis, the method of deduction and theoretical generalisation. A theoretical analysis of offshoring as an economic category is carried out, the scale of offshoring of the world economy and its impact on the economic security of the state is determined, which substantiated the relevance of the chosen research topic. The main factors influencing the level of offshoring of the economy, except for tax evasion, are highlighted. A methodology and algorithm for determining the total amount of capital outflow are proposed and calculations of the total amount of capital outflow from Ukraine for 2013-2019 are carried out. A correlation analysis was carried out to determine the level of influence of certain factors on the offshoring level of the Ukrainian economy. A mathematical model of the influence of these factors is constructed (x1 , x2 ... xn ) at the level of offshoring of the economy (y), which allowed identifying the factors that most contribute to the increase in the volume of capital outflows from Ukraine. A comparison of the level of corporate raiding, the coefficient of offshoring and the volume of capital outflow from Ukraine is carried out, and a conclusion is made about their stable interdependence. Based on the results of the study, the main ways of de-offshoring of the Ukrainian economy in the process of creating and forming the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine are developed. It is proposed to create a division within the specified bureau that will perform the functions of countering raiding and violation of property rights of business entities. It is assumed that these measures would contribute to the de-offshoring of the economy and ensure the economic security of the state. The findings of the study can be used to form legislative and institutional support for deoffshoring and ensure the economic security of the state. In particular, based on the results, it is recommended to form the main directions of work and functions of the newly created Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine
DEVELOPING PHYSICS GRAPH LEARNING MEDIA IN THE CONCEPT OF KINEMATICS AND ITS ASSESSMENT USING TUG-K (TEST OF UNDERSTANDING GRAPHS IN KINEMATICS)
Authors: MUBASIR Yazid , SUPRIYADI Supriyadi , LIA Roudloh M
Published: July 2021

Background: Assessment to determine the ability to master GLB and GLBB charts, namely the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K). Through TUG-K which is adjusted to basic competencies, teachers can formulate indicators of competency achievement. Aim : This study aimed to develop Physics Graph learning media (GraFIS) on the kinematics concept describe the effectiveness of learning after using GraFIS media and describe students' perceptions of learning using GraFIS media and assessing using TUG-K. Methods: This research is an R and D research. The developed applications used HTML5 technology that can be published on the web app. and mobile app. The application was applied to 143 respondents in grade X MIPA of SMA Negeri 3 Purworejo. Data collection was conducted by giving validation sheets to material experts, media experts, students' questionnaire responses, to provide input on the products developed. Result and Discussion: The results of the research were in the form of graFIS application as a suitable medium for use. The results of implementation in teaching and learning activities through lesson plans that had been prepared showed that the effectiveness of learning using the GraFIS application was still in the low category with a normalized score gain of 0.03, which meant that it still needed revision and improvement. The analysis results of differences in pretest and posttest scores using Shapiro-Wilk obtained data that were not normally distributed, with Sig. 0.015 <0.05. Therefore, testing continued using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. It was obtained the values of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, which interpreted that there was a significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest. Conclusions: The conclusion is improvements and revisions are still needed. Based on students' perceptions, the GraFIS application met usability and mobile quality standards.
KINETIC HETEROGENEITY OF POLYMER PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE PRESENCE OF MICROHETEROGENIC CATALYTIC SYSTEMS BASED ON GEL CHROMATOGRAMS
Authors: MIFTAKHOV Eldar N. , MUSTAFINA Svetlana A. , NASYROV Ildus Sh , DAMINOV Azat Kh
Published: July 2021

Background: the polymer product obtained in the presence of microheterogeneous catalytic systems is characterized by fairly molecular weight distribution (MWD), resulted from kinetically nonequivalent active centers (ACs) in the system that initiate the polymerization process. The nature and composition of ACs are determined by setting and solving an inverse problem on the formation of MWD. This problem is acute because revealing the nature of the kinetic heterogeneity explains changes in the molecular and consumer parameters of the product for different catalyst compositions and propagation modes in polymerizations. Aim: This study aimed to develop methods and algorithms for interpreting gel chromatograms to analyze the kinetic heterogeneity of a polymer product obtained industrially in microheterogeneous catalytic systems. Methods: the solution method is based on the assumption that the formed MWD is a superposition of distributions inherent in each type of ACs. Since the problem in the final formulation refers to the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind, the regularization method of A. N. Tikhonov is used for its numerical solution, with the original problem being preliminary discretized. This methodology and the developed software algorithms were used to determine the kinetic heterogeneity of titanium- and neodymium-containing catalytic systems. Results and discussion: The MWD analysis revealed two types of ACs with an average molecular weight of ATi-lnM = 11.3 and BTi-lnM = 13.2 in the titanium catalyst and three types of ACs ANd-lnM = 11.1, BNd-lnM = 12.7 and CNd-lnM = 14 for the neodymium catalyst, respectively. Conclusions: repeated computational experiments under different polymerization conditions and requirements for the preparation of a catalytic system make it possible to reveal a relationship with the resulting heterogeneity of ACs. It allows us to set and solve problems of controlling the molecular characteristics of the resulting polymer product.
DESIGN OF EXTRA CAVITY PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETER BASED ON BLUE DIODE LASER IN NO2 (NITROGEN DIOXIDE) GAS DETECTION
Authors: HARJUM  , UTOMO Agung Bambang Setio , MITRAYANA
Published: July 2021

Background: NO2 detection is necessary because NO2 is an air pollutant causing photochemical smog and acid rain. In addition, respiratory diseases are caused by high levels of NO2 in the inhaled air. Aim: The purpose of this study was to detect NO2 using PAS utilizing Arduino Uno, an easy, simple, and low-cost research. Methods: The detection of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) gas with a Photoacoustic Spectrometer (PAS) using an Arduino Uno microcontroller has been carried out. The PAS system uses a blue diode laser with a wavelength of 450 nm as the radiation source because this wavelength is suitable for NO2 gas. The intensity of the laser beam is modulated using a modulation system with an on-off scheme using the Arduino Uno. The modulation frequency has been varied to get the maximum detection frequency. The photoacoustic cell used was a single resonator photoacoustic cell with type H. Sound sensor and photodiode were used in this measurement. The amplification of the signal was done by utilizing the Lock-in amplifier, and the constant time of Lock-in amplifier was also determined to optimize the PAS. Nitrogen gas was used to detect background signal. Results and Discussion: From the photoacoustic spectrometer optimization, the results obtained were a laser diode frequency of 1,000 Hz with a duty cycle of 50% and a Lock-in amplifier amplification of 10,000 times with a constant time of 3.3 ms. The maximum concentration reached in this measurement was 6 ppm. The background signal achieved in this measurement was 0.00002 V/W. The lowest detection limit achieved in this measurement was 0.0064 ppm.Conclusion: The gas sample containers containing NO2 with larger sizes tend to have a greater concentration. Sometimes, the NO2 concentration of the large sample gas container was overtaken by the small sample container.
THERMAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES FROM STARCH OF DIFFERENT BOTANICAL ORIGIN
Authors: ARRIETA Alvaro
Published: July 2021

Background: Solid biopolymer electrolytes are a type of material with high technological potential used in the development of solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, among others, due to their biodegradable nature and low environmental impact. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the botanical origin of the starch used to prepare solid biopolymeric electrolyte films on its electrochemical and thermal properties and to establish the variations in thermal decomposition temperatures and redox potentials depending on the botanical origin of the starch used. Methods: Films of solid biopolymer electrolyte were made by thermochemical synthesis processes using corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and glutaraldehyde as plasticizers and lithium perchlorate salt. The synthesis solutions were taken to an oven at 70 °C for 48 hours. The films were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry using a dry electrochemical cell and thermally by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the electrochemical behavior of the films was similar in terms of registered redox processes. However, the potential values of the oxidation and reduction were different, as are the stability and intensity of the processes. On the other hand, the thermal analysis allowed establishing two decomposition processes in each of the films studied; the first process was due to dehydration and depolymerization phenomena in the films. The temperatures recorded were 59.0 °C, 58.9 °C, and 89.9 °C for potato starch, cassava starch, and corn starch films. The second process evidenced the thermal decomposition at different temperatures, 267.7 °C in potato starch films, 280.6 °C in corn starch films, and 287.1 °C in cassava starch films. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the botanical origin of the starch used in the synthesis of solid biopolymer electrolyte films affects its behavior and electrochemical and thermal stability.
ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE OF THE COVID-19 BASIC REPRODUCTIVE NUMBER AND THE EFFECT OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC MEASURES AND “SEASONAL FACTOR” ON THIS VALUE
Authors: GERASIMOV Andrey , SEMENYCHEVA Irina , BELAIA Olga , VOLCHKOVA Elena , GOROBCHENKO Andrey
Published: July 2021

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 has led to increased attention to mathematical models of epidemiology, one of the main parameters of which is the basic reproductive number R0. Its value determines both the dynamics of the incidence and the level of anti-epidemic measures. Therefore, it is desirable to have a fairly accurate method for assessing R0 for each day. Aim: Develop a methodology for determining the R0 value for COVID-19, taking into account a reasonably rapid and significant change in its value over time. Methods: a method for calculating reproduction number R0 was proposed for assessing COVID-19 R0, taking into account the change in the contagiousness of the infected people during the infectious process. Results and Discussion: In Russia in June-August 2020, the reproduction rate was slightly less 1, but in September R0 began to grow, exceeded 1, which was caused a noticeable increase in the incidence. During June in Brazil, R0 stabilized at a value of 1. The activity of transmission of the pathogen is influenced by seasonal changes in the reproduction rate R0 and the level of community immune status. Based on the assessment of the dynamics of the incidence of other pneumonia, it was found that the change of R0 during the year is about 10%, with a minimum in summer. Conclusions: while maintaining the current activity of anti-epidemic measures due to seasonal factors of the activity of the transmission mechanism and accumulation of the immune individuals in the coming months, the situation in the Russian Federation will worsen with an increase in the incidence doubled within six months, and in Brazil in six months — improve with a decrease in the incidence ten times. However, the dynamics of the incidence will be determined primarily by the work of the administration and health authorities and the conscientiousness of citizens.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS AND EQUATIONS OF STATE EFFECTIVENESS FOR COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR OF NATURAL GAS DETERMINATION
Authors: MALYSHEV Victor L. , NURGALIEVA Yana F. , MOISEEVA Elena F.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Today, there are four main groups of methods for calculating the compressibility factor of natural gas: experimental measurements, equations of state, empirical correlations, modern methods based on genetic algorithms, neural networks, atomistic modeling (Monte Carlo method and molecular dynamics). A correctly chosen method can improve the accuracy of calculating gas reserves and predicting its production and processing. Aim: To find the optimal methods for calculating the z-factor following the characteristic thermobaric conditions. Methods: To determine the best method for calculating the compressibility factor, the effectiveness of using various empirical correlations and equations of state to predict the compressibility factor of hydrocarbon systems (reservoir gases and separation gases) of various compositions were evaluated by comparing numerical results with experimental data. Results and Discussion: Based on 824 experimental values of the compressibility factor for 235 various gas mixtures in the pressure range from 0.1 to 94 MPa and temperatures from 273 to 437 K, the optimal equation of state and empirical correlation dependence for accurate z-factor prediction was found. It is shown that for all gas mixtures the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the shift parameter and Brusilovsky equation of state allow achieving best results. For these methods, the average absolute relative error does not exceed 2%. Among the correlation dependences, the best results are shown by the Sanjari and Nemati Lay; Heidaryan, Moghadasi and Rahimi correlations with an error not exceeding 3%. Conclusions: It was found that for the proposed methods, the reduced pressure has a more significant effect on the accuracy of the calculated values than the reduced temperature. It is shown that when studying acid gas mixtures with a carbon dioxide content of more than 10%, the equations of state better describe the phase behavior of the system in comparison with empirical correlations.
Penguatan Softskill Guru Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Etos Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Masa PAndemi Covid-19
Authors: Effendi Muhamad Ridwan , Nurparatiwi Suci , Narulita Sari , Tsaqila Dziyaning Farihani , Nurhidayat Muh.
Published: July 2021

Rendahnya etos belajar peserta didik Proses pembelajaran daring sepanjang pandemi Covid-19 ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya sikap peserta didik yang kurang menghargai proses belajar, bahkan mereka asyik dengan dunianya sendiri (seperti, bermain game, streaming Youtube, tidur, jalan-jalan) tanpa menghiraukan guru yang sedang menjelaskan materi. Tak terkecuali, masalah ini juga dialami oleh guru-guru di pondok pesantren Nurul Huda, Bekasi, di mana mereka dituntut untuk mengembangkan kapasitasnya sebagai guru dalam proses pembelajaran yang aktif, inovatif, kreatif, menyenangkan, gembira dan berbobot (Paikem Gembrot) guna mesntimulus pembelajaran dan peningkatan etos belajar peserta didik melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, kegiatan pengbdian kepada masyarakat program kemitraan masyarakat (PPM PkM) ini memberikan penguatan softskill guru melalui kegiatan pengembangan media pembelajaran melalui 1) pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran Hot Potatoes bagi guru guna memberikan penguatan softskill dalam upayanya meningkatan etos belajar peserta didik; (2) mengimplementasikan pendampingan kepada guru guna mengetahui pemahaman mereka terkait materi yang disampaikan; (3) memberikan wadah bagi guru untuk mengembangkan kreativitas model dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung pada peningkatan etos belajar peserta didik.
Grey Forecasting of Inbound Tourism to Bali and Financial Loses from the COVID-19
Authors: Yoga Irsyad , Yudiarta I Gede Agus
Published: July 2021

Management and planning in the Indonesian tourism industry is an important matter. It involves responding to changes and uncertain conditions, especially in the tourism industry sector in Bali, Indonesia. Bali is a tourist spot that relies on foreign tourists. When a situation is not conducive, such as the COVID-19 outbreak that befell unexpectedly, proper management and planning are challenging without accurate forecasts. The current study used the Even Grey Forecasting model EGM (1,1,α,θ) to forecast the number of tourists to Bali, a famous tourist spot in Indonesia, and the approximate financial loss incurred from the pandemic in 2020 is quantified. These objectives are achieved through the data collected from the Bali statistical agency and analyzed through the grey model and some mathematical computations. The results indicated that the pandemic's impact on inbound tourism was severe, and the economy needs some time to recover. The study reported a loss of more than $7.3 billion to Bali due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It is possibly the first study of its kind, and its findings are important for the policy-makers, Tour & Travel service providers, and tourism-related businesses.
Relationship between Real Effective Exchange Rate and Labor Productivity: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Angelo Joseph
Published: July 2021

Labor productivity is one of the indicators that reveal a country’s economic development, human resource quality, availability of infrastructure and technology, among others. Improvement in organizational productivity is also dependent on labor productivity. The current study attempts to study the relationship between labor productivity and the Real Effective Exchange Rate in the selected countries. The sample included Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Iceland, Japan, Malaysia, South Africa, and the USA. With the aid of statistical techniques, the study found that productivity and exchange rate are correlated with varying degrees of strength and the nature of the relationship varies from country to country. The study concludes with important directions for future investigations.
EĞİTİMDE DİJİTALLEŞME VE YAPAY ZEKÂNIN OKUL YÖNETİCİLİĞİNDEKİ YERİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKALİ Rıdvan , COŞKUN Hüseyin Can
Published: July 2021

Çalışmada teknolojik gelişmelerle beraber dijitalleşmenin çeşitli alanlara etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada eğitim ve teknoloji, dijitalleşme ve dijital dünya, eğitimde dijitalleşme ve yapay zekâ, uzaktan eğitim ve dijitalleşmenin okul yönetimindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Konu başlıkları ve kapsam, içerisinde bulunduğumuz çağın ayrılmaz birer parçası olan teknolojik gelişmeler, yapay zekâ çalışmaları ve bunların eğitim üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek üzere tasarlanmıştır. Eğitim alanında bahsi geçen etkilerin boyutları incelenmiş; eğitim, öğretim ve yönetimsel anlamda tek tek değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca tüm dünyada farklı şekillerde yansımaları olan pandemi sürecinde dijitalleşmenin ve yapay zekânın eğitim alanında meydana getirdiği değişiklikler bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden, doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler toplanırken, kapsam ile ilgili makale, resmî belge, rapor ve internet kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler temalar halinde sunulan başlıklar altında incelenmiştir.
Domesticación de especies forestales nativas en Argentina = Breeding of native forest species in Argentina
Authors: Gallo Leonardo A. , Fornés Luis , Verga Aníbal R.
Published: July 2021

En los últimos 10 años se han perdido en Argentina por corta o habilitación de tierras para la agricultura y ganadería unas 285.000 ha de bosque nativo productivo, siendo la pérdida general en los últimos 100 años de alrededor de 70 millones de hectáreas. La extracción de la madera del bosque nativo conlleva no solo a una ineficiente utilización del recurso natural sino también a la pérdida de valiosa información genética de las especies arbóreas de interés. Para el futuro inmediato se prevé una falta de madera de calidad, producto de la drástica disminución de la superficie del bosque nativo y un consecuente aumento del precio de la misma. Este proyecto propone generar los conocimientos y la tecnología para paliar este déficit, y permitir el cultivo de algunas especies forestales nativas de aptitud comercial. También pretende establecer las bases de un programa de domesticación y mejora a largo plazo que contemple la conservación del recurso genético. El proyecto se concentrará en tres grandes ecoregiones del país: Chaco, Selvas subtropicales (Misionera y Yungas) y los bosques Andino-Patagónicos. Los géneros elegidos son Prosopis, Cedrela y Nothofagus, y dentro de ellos trece especies que serán tratadas con diferente nivel de intensidad. En las tres ecoregiones consideradas falta material de propagación genéticamente mejorado y conocimientos tecnológicos para cultivarlo y manejarlo en forma eficiente. Por este motivo la estrategia de intervención se basa en tres módulos: Genética, Silvicultura y Ecofisiología.
Producción de mieles diferenciadas en la Región de Coquimbo = Differentiated honey production in the Region of Coquimbo
Authors: Rojas Vergara Patricio
Published: July 2021

Se estima que la cadena apícola genera una cifra de negocios de US$ 23 a 43 millones FOB, donde la miel, con una producción nacional de 7 a 11 mil toneladas, y los otros productos de la colmena aportan cerca de dos tercios y los servicios de polinización. Más del 80% de la miel producida en el país se exporta y casi la totalidad de los envíos, más del 95%, corresponde a miel a granel. Según la estrategia de la Mesa Apícola una opción para mejorar la rentabilidad del negocio es incorporar calidad e innovación a los procesos productivos, posicionándose en los mercados con una miel diferenciada, cuyos precios en los mercados internacionales pueden duplicar el precio de la miel a granel, considerada en la actualidad un commodity. INFOR y las entidades participantes están iniciando un proyecto recientemente adjudicado por INNOVA-CORFO, que tendrá una duración de tres años, y que apunta a fortalecer la actividad apícola en la Región de Coquimbo, mejorando e innovando procesos para la producción y caracterización de mieles diferenciadas y de esta forma desarrollar nuevos mercados domésticos e internacionales. Entre las mieles diferenciadas a producir se citan las orgánicas, las de origen (que correspondería a mieles procedentes de una determinada zona: Elqui, Limarí o Choapa) o por origen botánico (mieles monoflorales de Eucalyptus globulus y E. cladocalyx)
Seleção de espécies/procedências do gênero Eucalyptus potenciais para o semi-árido do Brasil = Selection of species/provenances of the genus Eucalyptus potentials for the brazilian semi-arid tropics
Authors: Drumond Marcos Antônio , Oliveira Visêldo Ribeiro de
Published: July 2021

Con el objetivo de seleccionar especies del género Eucalyptus potenciales para la región semi-árida del Brasil, la Embrapa semi-árida, a través del Programa Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales implantó diversos experimentos en diferentes localidades (municipios de los estados de Bahia: Caetité, Contendas do Sincorá, Brumado, Euclides da Cunha, de Pernambuco: Trindade y Petrolina, de Paraíba: Umbuzeiro y Souza, de Rio Grande del Norte: Pedro Avelino y del Ceará: Barbalha). Fueron introducidas 24 especies y 180 procedencias de Eucalyptus. Dada la diversidad de suelos y climas del Semi-Árido, las productividades madereras de las especies presentaron variaciones en cada lugar. Las especies que más se destacaron fueron E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. crebra e E. exserta. El mayor incremento promedio anual (62,5 m³/ha/año) fue en E. tereticornis en Brumado-BA, localizado a 900 m de altitud, en un microclima propicio para el desarrollo vegetativo de las plantas, sin embargo en Contendas do Sincorá-BA, región de extrema aridez, su productividad fue 10 veces menor. Entretanto, el E. camaldulensis fue la especie de mayor incremento promedio anual en todas las localidades analizadas, variando de 60,8 m³ en Caetité-BA, con precipitación media en torno a los 800 mm/ año a 8,0 m³ en Contendas do Sincorá-BA, con precipitación media en torno a los 500 mm/año.
Un enfoque metodológico para el modelamiento espacial de servicios ambientales en el sur de Chile
Authors: Vergara Asenjo Gerardo Enrique
Published: July 2021

Los servicos ambientales de los bosques han adquirido una creciente importancia, generando beneficios directos e indirectos a diversas actividades productivas. En Chile no existe una evaluación de la oferta de estos servicios, condición relevante para definir políticas y ordenamiento territorial. Este artículo presenta una metodología para definir la localización espacial de los servicios ambientales de biodiversidad, captura de carbono, generación de agua de calidad y belleza escénica en la rgión de los Ríos, Chile
Análisis agroforestal de la pequeña propiedad agrícola en las regiones del Bío Bío y la Araucanía, Chile
Authors: Sotomayor Garretón Alvaro , Lucero Ignamarca Alejandro Agustín , Grosse Werner Hans , Bello D. Andrés , Soto Guevara Hernán
Published: July 2021

Entre los meses de agosto de 2007 y diciembre de 2008, se llevó a cabo el programa "Desarrollo, validación y asistencia técnica para la incorporación de sistemas productivos agroforestales en la agricultura familiar campesina" financiado por el Ministerio de Agricultura y ejecutado por el Instituto Forestal de Chile (INFOR), cuyo objetivo fue difundir e implementar modelos agroforestales para contribuir a un desarrollo sustentable de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina en las regiones del Bío Bío y La Araucanía, Chile
Sistemas silvopastorales, alternativa de producción integrada para un desarrollo sustentable de la agricultura en Chile
Authors: Sotomayor Garretón Alvaro
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los principales sistemas silvopastorales de uso en Chile por los productores agrícolas, sus usos, resultados y potencialidades de aplicación en el sector silvoagropecuario Chileno, en base a un programa de desarrollo agroforestal conjunto entre el Instituto Forestal (INFOR), el Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP), el Ministerio de Agricultura y los Gobiernos regionales y locales
Supervivencia y crecimiento inicial de plantas micropropagadas de raulí (Nothofagus alpina (Poepp et Endl) Oerst) establecidas en ensayos clonales
Authors: Gutiérrez Caro Braulio
Published: July 2021

Se evaluó el desempeño en terreno a los tres años de edad de plantas micropropagadas de raulí, en tres ensayos clonales establecidos en Chile, en sitios representativos de la distribución natural de la especie, en las provincias de Malleco, Cautín y Valdivia, entre los 800 y 1.000 msnm
Control y forestación de dunas costeras en Chile
Authors: Barros Asenjo Santiago , Gutiérrez M. Juan
Published: July 2021

En chile existen unas 130 mil hectáreas de dunas, de las cuales unas 75 mil hectáreas corresponden a dunas costeras y unas 56 mil hectáreas a dunas interiores. Evaluaciones parciales posteriores muestran que las cifras totales no han variado significamente, pero que ha habido una reducción en la superficie de dunas activas tanto por el crecimiento de la vegetación natural y el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales, especialmente en las dunas interiores, como por los trabajos de control realizados en las dunas costeras, que han permitido estabilizar casi el 40% de la superficie ocupada por estas. Los trabajos de control han permitido recuperar áreas invadidas por arenas y detener la expansión de los campos de dunas, por lo que de no haber sido efectuadas, la actual superficie de dunas activas en el país sería considerablemente mayor
Variación radial y vertical en la longitud de traqueidas en un árbol de pino ponderosa de 50 años (Neuquén, Argentina)
Authors: Zingoni María Inés , Andía Ismael Ramón , Laffitte Lorena
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación "Características Xilotecnológicas de Pinus ponderosa Dougl. (ex Law.), cultivado en la Patagonia Andina", a través del cual se pretende conocer la calidad de la madera que se está formando en las plantaciones de esta especie en la provincia del Neuquén, Argentina, donde se encuentra la mayor superficie forestada
La producción de piñones de pino una alternativa atractiva y factible para la Patagonia
Authors: Loewe Muñoz Verónica Francisca
Published: July 2021

El trabajo presenta antecedentes sobre Pinus pinea y Pinus sibirica, sus requerimientos ecológicos, su manejo e importancia económica, y sobre el mercado mundial de los piñones de pino, y los cambios que se han registrado principalmente relacionados con los piñones de Pinus sibirica. El trabajo concluye que es una especie potencialmente interesante y atractiva de ser evaluada como opción productiva para la Patagonia Chilena
Comportamiento térmico y eficiencia energética de viviendas sociales de madera con muros ventilados
Authors: González R. Marcelo , Hernández C. Gonzalo
Published: July 2021

Durante el año 2011 se encuentra en desarrollo un proyecto que contempla la construcción de 55 viviendas sociales con estructura de madera en la localidad de Arauco, Región del Bío Bío. Este proyecto contempló en el diseño de las viviendas la incorporación de muros con cámara ventilada
Simulación de manejo silvícola en base a umbrales de cobertura en sistemas silvopastoriles compuestos por Festuca pallescens y Pinus ponderosa
Authors: Letourneau Federico , Caballé Gonzalo , Andenmatten Ernesto , De Agostini Nicolás
Published: July 2021

Los sistemas silvopastoriles están sujetos a las interacciones que se generan entre sus componentes. Para asegurar el éxito productivo de estos sistemas el balance neto delas interacciones árbol-pasto debe ser neutro o positivo, de prevalecer la competencia el sistema no es sustentable en el tiempo.
Estrategia de mejoramiento y conservación de los recursos genéticos forestales de Chile para enfrentar el cambio climático
Authors: Ipinza Carmona Roberto , Molina Brand María Paz , Gutiérrez Caro Braulio , Ortiz Novoa Oriana
Published: July 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer una estrategia de mejoramiento y conservación de los recursos genéticos forestales de Chile, para asegurar la supervivencia, la adaptación y la evolución continúa de una especie forestal pro más de 20 generaciones, en un ambiente continuamente cambiante, para así salvaguardar su potencial de adaptación
Mejoramiento de la producción de la pradera a través del manejo silvopastoril en los bosques de ñirre en Magallanes
Authors: Schmidt Van Marle Harald , Olivares E. Alfredo , Silva C. , Osses T. , Schmidt Alcoholado Andreas
Published: July 2021

La superficie de bosques de ñirre (Nothofagus antarctica) en la región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena abarca aproximadamente 220.000 ha. En ellos la utilización ganadera no es eficiente. Como no se aplica un manejo silvopastoril las praderas se han deteriorado y hay dificultades para regenerar y conservar los bosques. Para revertir el deterioro de los bosques y mejorar la productividad de la pradera, la Universidad de Chile inició una serie de ensayos para manejar los bosques con un criterio silvopastoril. Se analizó los efectos de la cobertura arbórea sobre las condiciones microclimáticas y la producción de la pradera. El ensayo consta de 4 tratamientos; un tratamiento testigo, un raleo, fajas y una situación extrema sin cobertura, en la que se eliminaron todos los árboles
Control genético de la resistencia y del escape a Teratosphaeria nubilosa en Eucalyptus globulus en Uruguay
Authors: Balmelli Gustavo , Simeto Sofía , Torres-Dini Diego , Castillo Alicia , Altier Nora , Mac Gregor Juan , Diez Julio
Published: July 2021

El Eucalyptus globulus es la especie forestal más plantada en el Uruguay, existiendo más de 270.000 hectáreas de plantaciones comerciales. Sin embargo actualmente está siendo sustituido por otras especies, como E. grandis y E. dunnii, debido a los severos daños foliares provocados por Teratosphaeria nubilosa en las plantaciones jóvenes. La continuidad en la plantación de esta especie depende del rápido desarrollo de material genético resistente a la enfermedad. La variación genética de la resistencia del follaje juvenil y la velocidad del cambio de follaje de juvenil a adulto fueron evaluadas en una prueba de progenies de E. globulus naturalmente infectada por T. nubilosa. El material genético incluyó 194 familias de polinización abierta provenientes de dos huertos semilleros pertenecientes al Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA)
El género Eucalyptus
Authors: Barros Asenjo Santiago
Published: July 2021

Los eucaliptos son unas 950 especies pertenecientes a la familia Myrtaceae, muy mayoritariamente nativas y endémicas de Australia. Debido a su gran variedad de características de tamaño y morfología, diversas clasificacines taxonómicas han sido desarrolladas y la más aceptada actualmente para este gran grupo de plantas de los eucaliptos considera tres géneros; Angophora, Corymbia y Eucalyptus. Dada la amplia distribución natural del género y la capacidad de sus diferentes especies para adaptarse a una gama de condiciones climáticas, alcanzando un rápido crecimiento, los eucaliptos están entre las especies más utilizadas en el mundo en plantaciones forestales (20 millones de hectáreas) y son superadas solo por los pinos (37 millones de hectáreas). Existen numerosas especies del género Eucalyptus en plantaciones forestales en los distintos continentes, sin embargo 9 son actualmente las de mayor importancia en plantaciones; Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus urophyllla y Eucalyptus pellita para climas tropicales, y Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus tereticornis y Eucalyptus smithii, para climas templados.