bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Henryk Szlajfer: Jews and New Christians in the Making of the Atlantic World in the 16th–17th Centuries. A Survey (Studies in Critical Social Sciences Bd. 269), Leiden u. Boston: Brill, 2024, 356 S. ISBN: 978-90-04-68631-1.
Authors: Tausch Arno
Published: October 2024

Der 1947 geborene polnische Politologe, Soziologe und Lateinamerikaforscher Henrik Szlajfer1 legt mit seinem bei Brill erschienenen, hervorragend geschriebenen und editierten Buch einen wichtigen Beitrag für die gesamte Weltgeschichtsforschung, die Ibero-Romanistik2
und Lateinamerikaforschung und auch die Judaistik vor. Der innovative Ansatz von Szlajfer liegt vor allem darin, das Thema nicht nur aus religionsgeschichtlicher3 und religionssoziologischer Perspektive zu betrachten, sondern vor allem aus wirtschaftsgeschichtlicher. Dabei hat er
– in Fortentwicklung seines frühen weltökonomischen und dependenztheoretischen sozialwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes – auch stets eine moderne weltgeschichtliche Perspektive im Auge.4
Daniel-Joseph MacArthur-Seal, Dilek Barlas, William Hale (Hg.): From Enemies to Allies. Turkey and Britain, 1918 – 1960, London u. New York: Routledge, 2023, 269 S. ISBN 978-1-032-39953-9
Authors: Lekon Christian
Published: October 2024

Dieser Sammelband ist aus einem unter der Federführung des British Institute at Ankara durchgeführten Forschungsprojekt hervorgegangen. Die enthaltenen Beiträge wurden erstmals zwischen 2018 und 2021 in den Zeitschriften Middle Eastern Studies und Journal
of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies veröffentlicht. Der behandelte Zeitrahmen reicht von der Kapitulation des Osmanischen Reiches am Ende des I. Weltkriegs zum ersten Militärputsch der Türkischen Republik. Das Buch ist in drei chronologisch orientierte Sektionen unterteilt:
Zwischenkriegszeit, II. Weltkrieg, und die Frühphase des Kalten Krieges.
Das Ende vor Augen. Österreichisch-ungarische Strategien zum Machterhalt
Authors: Komlosy Andrea
Published: October 2024

Mit dem Waffenstillstand vom 3. November 1918 und den Unabhängigkeitserklärungen der Nachfolgestaaten1 war das Ende der Monarchie besiegelt. Der republikanische Nationalstaat hatte sich durchgesetzt, auch wenn zahlreiche nationale Minderheiten damit
außerhalb der Grenzen ihrer Titularnation lebten. Das von US-Präsident Wilson ausgerufene ,,Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker“ blieb ein abstraktes Bekenntnis. Grenzziehung und etwaige Volksentscheide darüber wurden in den Pariser Friedenskonferenzen geregelt. Österreich
und Ungarn mussten als Kernstaaten der Monarchie erhebliche Gebietsverluste hinnehmen, in Ungarn betraf dies große Landstriche mit madjarischer Bevölkerungsmehrheit, etwa den Süden der Slowakei, Transsilvanien, Banat und Wojwodina. Der Republik Deutschösterreich wiederum
wurde im Friedensvertrag von Saint Germain (10.9.1919) untersagt, die im Parlament mit großer Mehrheit beschlossene Vereinigung mit Deutschland zu vollziehen. Die Inbesitznahme der vertraglich zugesprochenen Gebiete hatte in vielen Fällen militärische Auseinandersetzungen mit
bewaffneten Kräften zur Folge, die sich der Abtrennung widersetzten. Hier einige Beispiele: Die Kärntner Abwehrkämpfer gegen den Anschluss Südkärntens an SHS-Jugoslawien setzten in einem Grenzstreifen eine Volksabstimmung (10.10.1920) durch, die trotz slowenischer
Bevölkerungsmehrheit zugunsten des Verbleibs bei Österreich ausging. Die ungarischen Freischärler, die sich dem Anschluss des westungarischen Gebiets an Österreich entgegenstellten, setzten im städtischen Kernraum der umstrittenen Region ebenfalls ein Referendum (14.12.1921)
durch, im Zuge dessen Sopron/Ödenburg bei Ungarn verblieb. Das ländliche Westungarn wurde ohne Hauptstadt zum österreichischen Burgenland. In Kassa/Košice/Kaschau fügte sich der Abwehrkampf gegen den Anschluss an die ČSR in das Projekt der ungarischen
Räterepublik (21.3. bis 1.8.1919) unter Bela Kun ein. Vor diesem Hintergrund erhielt die junge Armee der ČSR bei der Durchsetzung ihres Anspruchs Schützenhilfe von Frankreich.
China auf dem Weg zum Informal Empire? Die Belt and Road Initiative in der Region des Indischen Ozeans
Authors: Lekon Christian
Published: October 2024

Manchmal scheinen Imperien eine kurze Haltbarkeitsdauer zu haben. Zu Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts wurden die USA als das neue Imperium analysiert;1 heute wird ihnen hingegen vielfach bereits der Niedergang diagnostiziert.2 Stattdessen richtet sich nun die Aufmerksamkeit
auf die Volksrepublik China, die nach Jahrzehnten eines rasanten Wirtschaftswachstums heute über die – je nach Berechnungsart – größte oder zweitgrößte Volkswirtschaft der Welt verfügt.3
Neue Weltordnung nach der Theorie der Imperiumsbildung im 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Johann Rami Georg
Published: October 2024

,,Das Ende der Imperien“ wurde häufig in der Literatur bestätigt und der Begriff Imperium besonders nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs als veraltet, negativ dargestellt und oft mit Kolonialismus verbunden. Die Menschheitsgeschichte hindurch waren Unterdrückungen,
imperiale Gewalt, Genozide und Eroberungen Kennzeichen aller Imperien. Auch die Missionierung dieser Imperien wurde in facto mit Gewalt ausgeübt. Auch wenn dies mit Verbreitung der Sprache, Religion oder Ideologie gerechtfertigt worden ist, diente es aber allesamt als Legitimation
ihrer jeweiligen imperialen Ordnung. In der Summe spielten nachher Nationalismus bzw. souveräne Nationalstaaten als neues Modell der Weltordnung des 20. Jahrhunderts eine wesentliche Rolle.
Das Generalarchiv des Jesuitenordens (Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, ARSI) und seine globalgeschichtlichen Bezüge Die Gesellschaft Jesu als ein global player
Authors: Frei Elisa , Nebgen Christoph
Published: October 2024

Die 1540 durch den Spanier Ignatius von Loyola gegründete Gesellschaft Jesu stellte von Beginn an durch die große geographische wie intellektuelle Flexibilität ihrer Mitglieder und ihre zugleich beinahe militärisch wirkende, straffe Organisation eine Besonderheit
unter den katholischen Ordensgemeinschaften dieser Epoche dar. Spezielle Regelungen zum regelmäßigen und geordneten Schriftverkehr unter den sich schnell weltweit ausbreitenden Ordensniederlassungen über die Ordenszentrale Rom sorgten für einen dichten Informationsaustausch;
aus Sicht der Gemeinschaft war dies vor allem wichtig, um den schnell wachsenden Männerorden effizient zu regieren und möglichst schnell auf die jeweils unterschiedlichen kontextuellen Anforderungen an den verschiedenen Einsatzorten reagieren zu können (formula scribendi).
Besondere Relevanz gewannen jesuitische Beiträge zur europäischen Wissensgesellschaft in den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen durch die ebenfalls ordenstypische Ausweitung der eigenen Arbeitsfelder auf zahlreiche Regionen Außereuropas im Zuge der spanischen und portugiesischen
Expansion.1 Als ,,Grenzgänger“ erschlossen die vor allem in Südamerika und Asien tätigen Missionare neue Wissensfelder.2 Durch die straff und effektiv organisierten internen Kommunikationswege wurden entsprechende Informationen schnell zwischen den
verschiedenen Ordensniederlassungen kommuniziert, wobei das römische Generalat und somit auch das dort eingerichtete Archiv eine zentrale Rolle spielten.3
Briefe von Erfindern und Bankern aus Russland vor 1900.1 Alfred Nobel – Rudolf Diesel – Adolf Rotstein – Herman Spitzer
Authors: Nolte Hans-Heinrich
Published: October 2024

In den Archiven Russlands2 wird seit dem Späten Mittelalter zentral gesammelt. Da Moskau nach 1812 nicht wieder und St. Petersburg nie erobert wurde, sind die hauptstädtischen3 Bestände unversehrter als in mitteleuropäischen Staaten. Während
der sowjetischen Periode war der Zugang zu den Archiven schwierig4; nach dem Ende der UdSSR war er stark von den finanziellen Mitteln abhängig, die eine westliche Institution einsetzen konnte.5 Seit dem russischen Angriff auf die Ukraine 2022 ist der Zugang für
Deutsche erschwert, weil die Zahlung von Archiv-Gebühren als Unterstützung Russlands verstanden wird und entsprechend für Archivarbeiten in Russland keine öffentlichen Mittel beantragt werden können. Hinzu kommt ein Wechsel der Stimmung bei der russischen Visa-Bewilligung
und bei den Kolleginnen und Kollegen in den Archivverwaltungen.6
The Economic and Geopolitical Significance of the Brics Nations: A Comparative Analysis of Their Global Influence in the 21st Century
Authors: Moch Enrico
Published: October 2024

The research investigates how BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) influence global economics and political leadership while noting the opportunities and obstacles the alliance encounters. As a powerful influence in finance and trade globally, BRICS confronts the Western institutions that used to dominate. The collective has challenges from its members' vast economic and political variation, even with important milestones like the setup of the New Development Bank. In addition, outside influences from political tensions, mainly with the G7 and global competition, obstruct detailed cooperation. This research examines how the future of BRICS might develop, especially with the BRICS+ initiative, which is designed to include members from the Global South. The growth shows BRICS's purpose to shape global governance more strongly. The study recognizes a requirement for better political and economic integration among BRICS and points out that greater collaboration within the group may promote sustainable growth and financial strength. Limitations in methodology and data quality are recognized along with time constraints relating to the trustworthiness of macroeconomic information from the BRICS countries. This study ends by suggesting ways to enhance BRICS collaboration and identifies new research inquiries regarding the alliance's future direction and its impact on a more diverse world order
Membandingkan Keberhasilan Pengembangan Food Estate Berbasis Reforma Agraria Di Desa Karangwangi, Mekarmukti dan Desa Sukawargi, Cisurupan, Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Pujiriyani Dwi Wulan , Sugiasih Sugiasih , Sutaryono Sutaryono
Published: October 2024

Food estate is a concept for developing food production which is carried out in an integrated manner and consists of agriculture, plantations and even animal husbandry on large areas of land. This article aims to examine the development of food estates based on agrarian reform which is being carried out in Java, especially in West Java. The material for this article was obtained through qualitative methods. The type of qualitative method used is multiple case studies. Data collection is divided into two, namely primary data collection techniques and secondary data. Secondary data was obtained through document study, while primary data was obtained through observation and interviews. The research results show that food estates in West Java, especially in the case of development in Sukawargi Village, have shown quite encouraging results. Farmers can streamline production costs while increasing production yields. The Agribusiness Operational Cooperation (KOA) partnership model allows farmers to gain increased income and also be free from the ties of middlemen. There has been a significant change where farmers, who previously continued to carry out traditional agricultural practices passed down from generation to generation, have changed to modern agriculture based on agricultural mechanization and innovation. Different things happen in Mekarwangi Village where basic problems related to agricultural supporting infrastructure are not yet available. This condition shows that Mekarwangi Village needs to be encouraged to fulfill the basic prerequisites for food estate development so that its success and sustainability can also be ensured.
Una visión constitucional de la Globalización desde la perspectiva latinoamericana
Authors: Eto Cruz Gerardo
Published: October 2024

Ponencia del V Congreso Internacional sobre Derecho y Justicia Constitucional: Derecho Constitucional y Globalización, organizado por el Tribunal Constitucional de República Dominicana, del 20 al 21 de octubre de 2022.
Populismo y erosión judicial en México durante el gobierno de Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Authors: Salmorán Villar Guadalupe
Published: October 2024

Como sucede en otros países de América Latina, en México existe una creciente preocupación respecto de los embates del poder ejecutivo contra la actuación de los jueces y los riesgos que ello supone para independencia judicial. A partir del marco teórico del populismo, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las prácticas, tanto jurídicas como políticas, utilizadas por el presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador para erosionar al poder judicial durante su gobierno (2018-2024). Contrariamente a lo señalado por una parte de la literatura, se evidencia que los ataques del ejecutivo al poder judicial en México no han sido ni más contenidos ni tampoco más sutiles que en otros contextos populistas.
La importancia y desafíos para la garantía jurisdiccional de los derechos humanos
Authors: Carmona Tinoco Jorge Ulises
Published: October 2024

Ponencia presentada en el Congreso Internacional de Derecho Constitucional: Garantías constitucionales y defensa del orden constitucional, organizado por la Corte de Constitucionalidad, a través del Instituto de Justicia Constitucional, y celebrado en Guatemala entre el 3 y el 7 de junio de 2024.
Synthetic peptides as valuable and versatile tools for research: our 20 year journey in Chile
Authors: Cárdenas Constanza , Santana Paula , Álvarez Claudio , Mercado Luis , Marshall Sergio , Albericio Fernando , Guzmán Fanny
Published: October 2024

According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), peptides are small proteins with a size between 2 and 50 amino acids residues. They are ubiquitous across the evolutionary scale, fulfilling a wide variety of functions, from immune system effectors in simple organisms to signaling or neuromodulating agents in high vertebrates. Following nature’s example, peptides have emerged as alternatives in various fields. One particularly relevant area is in drug discovery, offering alternatives to face the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Peptides are also prevalent in other sectors, such as the food industry, where they serve as food additives to enhance nutritional characteristics or aid in food preservation. Moreover, peptides are increasingly being utilized in cosmetics. Additionally, peptides serve as valuable tools in both basic and applied research, facilitating the exploration of specific activity mechanisms and the verification of particular activities, among various other applications. Despite certain limitations and disadvantages compared to other bioactive molecules, peptides remain a focal point of interest in research, as well as in applied and developmental fields, due to their versatility. In this report, we provide an overview of the extensive application landscape of synthetic peptides, presenting examples developed in-house across different areas which include a summary of the methodologies and results obtained.
Extended Special Linear group ESL2(F) and matrix equations in SL2(F), SL2(Z) and GL2(Fp)
Authors: Skuratovskii Ruslan , S. O. Lysenko
Published: October 2024

The problem of roots existence for different classes of matrix such as simple and semisimple matrices from SL2(F), SL2(Z) and GL2(F) are solved. For this purpose, we first introduced the concept of an extended special linear group ESL2(F), which is generalisation of the matrix group SL2(F), where F is arbitrary perfect field. The group of unimodular matrices and extended symplectic group ESp2(R) are generalised by us, their structures are found. Our criterion oriented on a general class of matrix depending of the form of minimal and characteristic polynomials, moreover a proposed criterion holds in GL2(F), where F is an arbitrary field. The method of matrix factorisation is outlined. We show that ESL2(F) is a set of all square matrix roots from SL2(F) except of that established in our root existence criterion.
Research on the Application of the Criminal Policy of “Early Crackdown on Petty Crimes” in the Governance of Cybercrime
Authors: Yu Suwan
Published: October 2024

Based on the “chain” of cybercrime and the correlation between upstream and downstream crimes, when legislation has not yet responded to the governance and regulatory measures related to cybercrime in a timely and definite manner, applying appropriate criminal policies, such as the “early crackdown on petty crimes” criminal policy, is a good strategy for addressing the source of cybercrime and providing some experience for legislation. The application of the criminal policy of “early crackdown on petty crimes” in the governance of cybercrime is in line with the basic core of “source governance”, conforms to the spirit of the criminal judicial policy of “less arrest, more cautious prosecution, and more cautious detention”, and follows the petty crime criminal legislation model of China. However, we should follow the “Nulla poena sine lege” in the criminal law when it is applicable, and build a diversified governance system for cybercrimes to achieve the coordinated development of crime governance, human rights protection, and technological progress.
Tumor Neuroendócrino de intestino delgado: Relato de caso
Authors: Borela Laura , Gonçalves Andreza Sales , Panizza Aline Berigo , Medeiros Ciro Carneiro , Vilas Boas Matheus Cesarino
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O tumor neuroendócrino (TNE) é uma neoplasia epitelial com diferenciação neuroendócrina predominante, considerada rara, correspondendo a apenas 3% das neoplasias do trato gastrintestinal. Devido à sua raridade, seu diagnóstico acaba sendo realizado tardiamente, o que pode resultar em pior prognóstico.
Objetivo: Relatar um caso de tumor neuroendócrino do trato gastrintestinal operado em nosso Serviço.
Método: Tratou-se de um paciente atendido no Hospital Universitário São Francisco na Providência de Deus (HUSF), localizado na cidade de Bragança Paulista – SP.
Relato do Caso: ALS, 52 anos, sexo feminino, previamente hígida, comparece ao pronto socorro com quadro de dor epigástrica em cólica, intermitente e com irradiação para flanco esquerdo há 2 meses, associada à perda de peso de 18% e alteração das fezes. Em exame de tomografia computadorizada de abdome foram identificadas lesões hepáticas suspeitas para malignidade, e uma formação expansiva sólida lobulada centrada na raiz mesentérica à esquerda com envolvimento de alça jejunal. A paciente foi submetida à laparotomia exploradora, na qual foi localizada uma lesão de 4 cm em raiz mesentérica a 240 cm do ângulo de Treitz, com infiltração de delgado adjacente, 3 lesões hepáticas e implantes peritoneais. Foi realizada ressecção com margens cirúrgicas e enviada para anatomopatológico, com resultado compatível com tumor neuroendócrino de intestino delgado, imuno-histoquímica de tumor neuroendócrino grau I - NET GI.
Conclusão: No caso descrito, a demora pela procura ao serviço de saúde, associada à raridade dos tumores de intestino delgado levaram ao diagnóstico tardio, já com doença avançada. A paciente após a cirurgia iniciou tratamento adjuvante com quimioterapia, e mantém acompanhamento. Relatos de caso desse tipo demonstram a importância da suspeição de tumores de intestino delgado mesmo frente à sintomas genéricos, podendo levar a mudança no seu diagnóstico e na sua incidência.
EKSPLORASI GAYA BAHASA DAN KEPRIBADIAN PENCERAMAH DALAM ACARA-ACARA DAKWAH: STUDI KASUS DAKWAH USTADZAH HALIMAH ALAYDRUS MELALUI MEDIA YOUTUBE
Authors: Topikurrohman  , Maulidia Maya
Published: October 2024

Tujuan peneliti ini adalah untuk mengetahui gaya Bahasa dan kepribadian penceramah dalam acara dakwah dengan studi kasus pada dakwah Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus melalui media youtube. Metode penelitian communication mediated computer (CMC) digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dan sumber datanya adalah observasi secara tidak langsung melalui akun Youtube Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus terhadap cara penyampaian dakwah, tutur Bahasa, kepribadian, latar belakangnya dan lainnya. Karena mengikuti perkembangan zaman dan melihat pengguna media sosial yang terus menerus meningkat, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya Bahasa dan kepribadian Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus pada dakwahnya melalui media youtube memiliki khas dengan penyampaiaknnya yang lemah lembut, lugas, dan tegas. Dengan kepribadian yang Ustadzah Halimah miliki yaitu sosok dengan kredibilitas yang tinggi melalui Pendidikan yang ditempuh, dan dengan hak Istimewa sebagai keturunan nabi.
Kata Kunci: Gaya Bahasa, Kepribadian, Dakwah, Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus, Media Youtube
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – БИОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ҚОРҒАУ ҚҰРАЛДАРЫНЫҢ НЕГІЗІ
Authors: Әділханқызы Айнура , Тлеубергенов Хамитжан , Балабек Айназ , Шисенбаева Нургул , Шакирова Әйгерім
Published: October 2024

Алматы және Ақмола облыстарында жүргізілген маршруттық зерттеулер кезінде Bacillus thuringiensis изоляттарын оқшаулау үшін табиғи субстраттар (топырақ, жапырақ қалдықтары, ағаш қабығы) жиналды. Бұл ретте Алматы және Ақмола облыстарының жағдайында бактериоз белгілері бар қабыршаққанаттылар отрядынан 84 өлі жәндік табылды. Жиналған бактериоз белгілері бар жәндіктердің мәйіттерінен Bacillus thuringiensis бактериясының 30 табиғи изоляттары бөлініп алынды. Бүгінгі таңда изоляттар Жазкен Жиембаева атындағы Қазақ Өсімдіктерді қорғау және карантин ҒЗИ биотехнологиялық зертханасының микроорганизмдер коллекциясында сақтаулы.
Коллекция штаммдары физиологиялық және биохимиялық қасиеттері мен серологиялық идентификациясы негізінде келесі серотиптерге жатқызылды: Bt kurstaki түр тармағы; 3a363c, H4ab – Bt sotto түр тармағы және 31 Bt toguchini түр тармағының серотиптері Штамдардың биологиялық белсенділігін бағалау екінші және үшінші жас мөлшеріндегі алма күйе көбелегінің жұлдызқұрттарына зертханалық сынақ жүргізілді. Эксперимент вируленттілігі бойынша зерттелетін дақылдардың жоғары гетерогенділігін анықтады. Тәжірибе нәтижесінде коллекциялық отыз штамның сегізі (26,6%) зиянкестерге қарсы биологиялық белсенділіктің жоғары көрсеткішін көрсетті (90-100%). Сондай-ақ бактерияның ауылшаруашылық зиянкестерге қарсы әсері, оның физиологиялық белсенділігінің әлсіреуіне әсер ететіні анықталды. Бұл дегеніміз жұлдызқұрттар тірі қалған жағдайда да, белсенді емес күйде болғандықтан, басқа өсімдіктерге зиян келтіре алмайтындығын көрсетеді.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА СТЕРИЛИЗАЦИИ ПТИЧЬЕГО ПОМЕТА И ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ
Authors: Орынбаев Нурсултан , Нургожаев Серик , Алдабергенов Марат , Сейпаталиев Олжас , Янков Михо
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты анализа методов переработки птичьего помета и производства новой продукции, а также качества входных и выходных продуктов.
Приведены показатели процесса ультрафиолетового излучения и низкотемпературного пиролиза отходов в зависимости от степени нагревания и температуры обработки биомассы.
Приведены результаты анализов проведенной переработки птичьего помета, предусматривающей обработку помета процессом ультрафиолетового излучения и низкотемпературного пиролиза, и полученный биоуголь для производства новой комплексной продукции со смешиванием с биоактивной средой в жидком виде.
Установлены параметры предлагаемой интенсивной технологии, заключающиеся в полной утилизации микроорганизмов в составе птичьего помета, обработке ультрафиолетовым излучением в течение 6-8 минут на вибротранспортере длиной около 6 м, а также низкотемпературном пиролизес продолжительностью 6-8 минут, при температуре 250-350°С, и получении биоугля, сохранившего полезные качества активатора биохимических процессов с последующим смешиванием биоактивной средой для производства комплексной продукции в жидком виде.
Применение комплексного органического удобрения дает возможность увеличения плодородия почвы до 3-5 раз и снижение выбросов парниковых газов до 60%. Обеспечивает пористость, насыпную плотность, агрегативную устойчивость, гидравлическую проводимость, способность удержания воды и увеличение питательных веществ в составе почв, и микробная активность в конечном результате приведет к  повышения плодородия.
An entrepreneurial option to reduce the poverty index of the beneficiaries of the human development voucher in Guayaquil
Authors: Viteri Luque Fernando Eduardo , Viteri Orbe Ana Lupe , Chilan Wilson Shirley Alexandra , Palma Espinosa Javier Alejandro
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of this study is to find and disseminate a business option that can benefit and help reduce poverty rates in Guayaquil, in this case we have considered the recipients of the Human Development Bonus (BDH) and who access the Human Development Credit (CDH), with the aim of integrating them into the labor force in Ecuador. In this sense, the lack of knowledge about the sicana or jiron fruit in the Costa-Manabi region has limited its use; therefore, the aim is to promote the sale of this natural product in Guayaquil to improve health and generate income in vulnerable communities. The methodology employed includes descriptive, explanatory, analytical and qualitative research, as well as a market study focused on the production and sale of artisanal ice cream. The proposal consists of the production of handmade jiron ice cream for the beneficiaries of the CDH in Guayaquil.
In Vitro Investigation of HIF-1α as a Therapeutic Target for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Lee Jinsoo , Baek Hansang , Lim Dong-Jun , Lee Seong-Beom , Lee Jung-Min , Jang Sang-Ah , Kang Moo Il , Yang Suk-Woo , Kim Min-Hee
Published: October 2024

Background: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) involves tissue expansion and inflammation, potentially causing a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is crucial in fibrosis and adipogenesis, which are observed in TAO progression. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in TAO, focusing on the role of HIF-1α in TAO progression.Methods: OFs were isolated from TAO and non-TAO patients (as controls). In addition to HIF-1α, adipogenic differentiation markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) were measured by Western blot, and phenotype changes were evaluated by Oil Red O staining under both normoxia and hypoxia. To elucidate the effect of HIF-1α inhibition, protein expression changes after HIF-1α inhibitor treatment were evaluated under normoxia and hypoxia.Results: TAO OFs exhibited significantly higher HIF-1α expression than non-TAO OFs, and the difference was more distinct under hypoxia than under normoxia. Oil Red O staining showed that adipogenic differentiation of TAO OFs was prominent under hypoxia. Hypoxic conditions increased the expression of adipogenic markers, namely PPARγ and CEBP, as well as HIF-1α in TAO OFs. Interleukin 6 levels also increased in response to hypoxia. The effect of hypoxia on adipogenesis was reduced at the protein level after HIF-1α inhibitor treatment, and this inhibitory effect was sustained even with IGF-1 stimulation in addition to hypoxia.Conclusion: Hypoxia induces tissue remodeling in TAO by stimulating adipogenesis through HIF-1α activation. These data could provide insights into new treatment strategies and the mechanisms of adipose tissue remodeling in TAO.
Adaptive Reactive Power Management with Thyristor-Controlled Transformer and Fixed Capacitor
Authors: Nireekshana Namburi , Sreedhar G , Aravind Singani , Kumar Reddy K Ajay , Praveen Navuloori , Giri Sai K
Published: October 2024

The objective of this article is to develop and analyse a thyristor-controlled transformer with a fixed capacitor for reactive power compensation in power systems. Reactive power compensation is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and stability of power systems by reducing power losses, improving voltage profiles, and minimizing equipment stress. Traditional compensation methods often rely on fixed capacitors, reactors, or static VAR compensators, but these systems lack the flexibility required for dynamic control of reactive power under varying load conditions. The proposed approach integrates a thyristor-controlled transformer with fixed capacitors, allowing for precise, real-time adjustment of reactive power flow. The novelty of this article lies in the hybrid configuration of the thyristor-controlled transformer and fixed capacitor, which provides a cost-effective and robust solution compared to conventional systems. Unlike traditional methods that depend solely on switching capacitors or reactors, the use of thyristors allows for fine-tuning of reactive power, offering improved performance under variable loading conditions without the need for complex control algorithms. This setup enhances the adaptability of reactive power management, thus maintaining optimal power factor and voltage regulation. The findings from the simulation and experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in power factor correction, voltage stabilization, and reduction in harmonic distortion. The proposed system exhibits a faster response time and greater control accuracy compared to existing compensation techniques. These advantages make the thyristor-controlled transformer with a fixed capacitor a promising alternative for power utilities seeking to enhance the operational efficiency and reliability of their networks. This article contributes to the advancement of reactive power compensation technologies, providing a scalable solution suitable for modern power system.
Financial Resource Availability and Implementation of Child Protection and Safeguarding Programs in Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Wainaina Ndungu Antony , Wambua Sarah Waeni , Ochoi Kepha
Published: October 2024

The Kenya child protection data on Kwale County revealed an increase of child negligence cases from 49.6% in 2020-2021 to 61.7% in 2022-2023. This has led to the establishment of various child protection and safeguarding programs to curb child protection and safeguarding menace in the county. Despite this effort, implementing such child protection and safeguarding programs has experienced problems. Thus the purpose of this study was to establish the influence of financial resource availability in the implementation of Child Protection and Safeguarding Programs in Kwale County, Kenya .The research was grounded in complexity theory and implementation theory. A descriptive research approach was employed to accurately depict the target population, which included key program personnel such as social workers, government officials, and child/probation officers involved in child protection programs in Kwale County. The sampling frame encompassed personnel from 11 NGOs, 2 government agencies, and 3 rescue centers currently implementing child protection programs in the county. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used for the NGOs and CBOs, while census sampling was employed for the government agencies and rescue centers. Of the 141 selected participants for the sample, 132 responded to the open and closed-ended questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, including descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple linear regression).Correlation analysis revealed that a financial resource availability showed a correlation of (r=0.859, p=0.000). Multiple linear regression indicated financial resource availability had a significant positive impact (B=0.351, p=0.00).To enhance child protection programs in Kwale County, the study recommends that organizations diversify funding sources, Implement clear reporting mechanisms and independent oversight committees can enhance transparency and accountability. Long-term financial planning, including emergency funds and scenario planning, along with stakeholder engagement, will help create a stable financial environment for implementing child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County.
Implementation of Coaching Leadership Style by Principals to Enhance Learner Success
Authors: Majola Ndoyisile Moses , Setlalentoa Wendy , Thabane Ratokelo Willie
Published: October 2024

In this empirical study, the researchers argue that immediate attention is required to ensure that principals successfully implement Coaching Leadership Style (CLS) to enhance the sustainability of learning experience learner success. The problem underpinning this study is that the principals face difficulties in implementing CLS. The study is based on in Instructional Coaching Leadership Theory. The major assumption of this theory is that Instructional Coaching Leadership Theory is viewed as a method of providing sustained and personalized support to the principals and emphasizes the fundamental role of active learning, reflection, and feedback in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the challenges facing principals in successfully implementing CSL and how principals can mitigate these challenges. This study used qualitative methodology to gather data from three secondary and two primary school principals in Bloemfontein through structured interviews. The findings of the study revealed that principals lamented the lack of training to implement CLS. In the discussion with the participants, the researchers concluded that necessary steps should be taken to empower the principals on CLS. Recommendations for further research and implications for principalship and training programs are provided. This empirical study contributes to the body of knowledge by exploring how can principals practice CLS to achieve the objectives of the study of successfully implementing CLS to enhance learner success and of devising means of mitigating challenges experienced by the principals.

Keywords: Implementation, Coaching Leadership Style, Instructional Coaching Leadership Theory, learner success.
Examining Chinese Multinational Corporations as Agents of Development and/or Underdevelopment in South Africa
Authors: Motswaledi Thabang Richard , Marumo Phemelo Olifile
Published: October 2024

The investment of the Chinese government has been one of the biggest across the globe and Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have been at the center of this investment. Some scholars have referred to this as a Neo-colonial strategy by China on the African continent as most of these investments are only fostering their interests while degrading African states. In addition, these MNCs have acted as important agents in economic, social, and infrastructural development/ underdevelopment in the state. Thus, the paper sought to examine Chinese MNCs as agents of development and underdevelopment in South Africa. From this premise, the paper adopted a qualitative research method and case study approach of five MNCs from China operating in South Africa to critically examine their role as agents of development and underdevelopment in South Africa. The findings of the paper show succinctly that MNCs within the mining, technology, and industrial sectors of China have critically contributed to the development and underdevelopment of the country. Hence, it recommends that these companies must adopt strategies that contribute positively to the country’s long-term growth while minimizing negative impacts. They further need to implement and adhere to rigorous environmental standards to minimize their ecological footprint to ensure sustainable development in South Africa. The paper concluded by noting that there are challenges and opportunities created by MNCs which include job creation, contamination of water, destruction of wildlife, forceful displacement of settlements, and infrastructural development.

Keywords: Chinese MNCs, Agents of Development and/or Underdevelopment, South Africa’s Development, and Chinese Investments.
Inducting the Socratic Method of Forming Faith in African Contexts
Authors: Moyo Masauso
Published: October 2024

The Socratic method of questioning and answering as a learning and teaching strategy has been used widely over time, for it effectively stimulates meaningful learning. Its learner-centered and transformative nature promotes ongoing dialogue. Since cultural differences influence the nature of questions asked, induction of the Socratic method is inevitable so that faith formation leads to thinking theologically where faith becomes a contextual form of thinking and thinking a form of contextualized faith. Some mainline churches in Africa have adopted catechisms with pre-asked and pre-answered questions formulated in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. The challenges of time, culture, and geographical contextual differences create a gap between the church’s faith formation and context-based spiritual quests. These gaps demand asking the right questions that challenge and inverse wrong attitudes that foster deep reflective self-evaluation, interpretation, and understanding, shaping appropriate perceptions to address the contemporary spiritual quests of Africa. Using the qualitative literature review methodology, this article discovered that there are some gaps between questions and answers in catechisms used in mainline churches and contemporary spiritual quests of Africa. This article aims to discuss the means of closing the gap between questions and answers in catechism and context-based spiritual quests. It recommends induction of the Socratic method so that the questions and answers in catechisms are contextual, communicable, assimilable, and appropriable in African contexts. This study contributes to faith formation by recommending the induction of the Socratic method so that the questions and answers in catechisms are contextual, communicable, assimilable, and appropriable in African contexts.

Keywords: Inducting, Socratic Method, Faith Formation, Questions and Answers Communicability, Assimilability, Appropriateness
Measuring 60 pc-scale Star Formation Rate of the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy NGC 1068 with ALMA, HST, VLT/MUSE, and VLA
Authors: Nagashima Yuzuki , Saito Toshiki , Ikarashi Soh , Takano Shuro , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Harada Nanase , Nakajima Taku , Taniguchi Akio , Tosaki Tomoka , Bamba Kazuharu
Published: October 2024

The star formation rate (SFR) is a fundamental parameter for describing galaxies and inferring their evolutionary course. H ii regions yield the best measure of instantaneous SFR in galaxies, although the derived SFR can have large uncertainties depending on tracers and assumptions. We present an SFR calibration for the entire molecular gas disk of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, based on our new high-sensitivity Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 100 GHz continuum data at 55 pc (= 0.″8) resolution in combination with the Hubble Space Telescope Paα line data. In this calibration, we account for the spatial variations of dust extinction, electron temperature of H ii regions, AGN contamination, and diffuse ionized gas (DIG) based on publicly available multiwavelength data. Especially, given the extended nature and the possible nonnegligible contribution to the total SFR, a careful consideration of DIG is essential. With a cross-calibration between two corrected ionized gas tracers (free–free continuum and Paα), the total SFR of the NGC 1068 disk is estimated to be 3.2 ± 0.5 M
⊙ yr−1, one-third of the SFR without accounting for DIG (9.1 ± 1.4 M
⊙ yr−1). We confirmed a high SFR around the southern bar end and the corotation radius, which is consistent with the previous SFR measurements. In addition, our total SFR exceeds the total SFR based on 8 μm dust emission by a factor of 1.5. We attribute this discrepancy to the differences in the young stars at different stages of evolution traced by each tracer and their respective timescales. This study provides an example to address the various uncertainties in conventional SFR measurements and their potential to lead to significant SFR miscalculations.
A Nonparametric Morphological Analysis of Hα Emission in Bright Dwarfs Using the Merian Survey
Authors: Mintz Abby , Greene Jenny E. , Kado-Fong Erin , Danieli Shany , Li Jiaxuan , Luo Yifei , Leauthaud Alexie , Baldassare Vivienne , Huang Song , Peter Annika H. G. , Bhattacharyya Joy , Li Mingyu , Pan Yue
Published: October 2024

Using medium-band imaging from the newly released Merian Survey, we conduct a nonparametric morphological analysis of Hα emission maps and stellar continua for a sample of galaxies with

8
≲
log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
<
10.3

at 0.064 < z < 0.1. We present a novel method for estimating the stellar continuum emission through the Merian Survey’s N708 medium-band filter, which we use to measure Hα emission and produce Hα maps for our sample of galaxies with seven-band Merian photometry and available spectroscopy. We measure nonparametric morphological statistics for the Hα and stellar continuum images, explore how the morphology of the Hα differs from the continuum, and investigate how the parameters evolve with the galaxies’ physical properties. In agreement with previous results for more massive galaxies, we find that the asymmetry of the stellar continuum increases with specific star formation rate (sSFR), and we extend the trend to lower masses, also showing that it holds for the asymmetry of the Hα emission. We find that the lowest-mass galaxies with the highest sSFR have Hα emission that is consistently heterogeneous and compact, while the less active galaxies in this mass range have Hα emission that appears diffuse. At higher masses, our data do not span a sufficient range in sSFR to evaluate whether similar trends apply. We conclude that high sSFRs in low-mass galaxies likely result from dynamical instabilities that compress a galaxy’s molecular gas to a dense region near the center.
The Rise of the r-process in the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Dwarf Galaxy
∗
Authors: Ou 欧 Xiaowei 筱葳 , Ji Alexander P. , Frebel Anna , Naidu Rohan P. , Limberg Guilherme
Published: October 2024

Neutron star mergers (NSMs) produce r-process elements after a time-delayed inspiral process. Once a significant number of NSMs are present in a galaxy, r-process elements, such as Eu, are expected to significantly increase with time. Yet, there have been limited observational data in support of Eu increasing within Local Group galaxies. We have obtained high-resolution Magellan/MIKE observations of 43 metal-poor stars in the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE) tidally disrupted galaxy with −2.5 < [Fe/H] < −1. For the first time, we find a clear rise in [Eu/Mg] with increasing [Mg/H] within one galaxy. We use a simple chemical evolution model to study how such a rise can result from the interplay of prompt and delayed r-process enrichment events. Delayed r-process sources are required to explain the rise and subsequent leveling off of [Eu/Mg] in this disrupted galaxy. However, the rise may be explained by delayed r-process sources with either short (∼10 Myr) or long (∼500 Myr) minimum delay times. Future studies on the nature of r-process sources and their enrichment processes in the GSE will require additional stars in the GSE at even lower metallicities than the present study.
Active Galactic Nucleus Jet-inflated Bubbles as Possible Origin of Odd Radio Circles
Authors: Lin Yen-Hsing , Yang H.-Y. Karen
Published: October 2024

Odd radio circles (ORCs) are newly discovered extragalactic radio objects with an unknown origin. In this work, we carry out three-dimensional cosmic-ray (CR) magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the FLASH code and predict the radio morphology of end-on active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet-inflated bubbles considering hadronic emission. We consider CR proton (CRp)-dominated jets as they tend to inflate oblate bubbles, promising to reproduce the large inferred sizes of the ORCs when viewed end-on. We find that powerful and long-duration CRp-dominated jets can create bubbles with similar sizes (∼300–600 kpc) and radio morphology (circular and edge-brightened) to the observed ORCs in low-mass (M
vir ∼ 8 × 1012 − 8 × 1013
M
⊙) halos. Given the same amount of input jet energy, longer-duration (thus lower-power) jets tend to create larger bubbles since high-power jets generate strong shocks that carry away a significant portion of the jet energy. The edge-brightened feature of the observed ORCs is naturally reproduced due to efficient hadronic collisions at the interface between the bubbles and the ambient medium. We further discuss the radio luminosity, X-ray detectability, and the possible origin of such strong AGN jets in the context of galaxy evolution. We conclude that end-on CR-dominated AGN bubbles could be a plausible scenario for the formation of ORCs.
Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
Authors: Mejia-Ott Johann Rubens , Randol Brent M.
Published: October 2024

Here are analyzed 3D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of protons in the suprathermal energy-per-charge (E/Q) domain of 6.2 to 223.1 keV/e, as observed by the WIND Suprathermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (WIND/STICS) between 1995 and 2019, upon passage of interplanetary (IP) shocks. “Suprathermal” designates energies above the bulk, “thermal” solar wind, including inner-source pickup ions, cometary ions, solar energetic particles, and suprathermal tail particles. Within the WIND/STICS measurements, here treated as a standalone data set, only 3D VDFs within 9 hr prior to and following the shock passage are selected, as identified by the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Harvard Interplanetary Shock Database. These are subsequently averaged, first over the STICS field of view, then over 3 hr intervals in the 9 hr about the shock. The averages, with errors assuming Poisson statistics, are then fitted using the Levenburg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares technique to two simple, observationally suggested functions arising from diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) formalism: a power law in E/Q with spectral index (model I), and a power-law with exponential rollover having a cutoff in E/Q (model II). The first result is a comparison of upstream spectral indices, e-folding energies, and normalization constants with corresponding downstream values. The second is a comparison of fitted spectral indices against those given by measured CfA shock compression ratios and a comparison of fitted e-folding energies with those given by measured ratios and shock normal angles, per DSA-derived predictions. There is additionally a comparison between fitted parameters given by the two functional forms. Little agreement is found with values given by DSA.
Strong He i Emission Lines in High N/O Galaxies at z ∼ 6 Identified in JWST Spectra: High He/H Abundance Ratios or High Electron Densities?
Authors: Yanagisawa Hiroto , Ouchi Masami , Watanabe Kuria , Matsumoto Akinori , Nakajima Kimihiko , Yajima Hidenobu , Nagamine Kentaro , Takahashi Koh , Nakane Minami , Tominaga Nozomu , Umeda Hiroya , Fukushima Hajime , Harikane Yuichi , Isobe Yuki , Ono Yoshiaki , Xu Yi , Zhang Yechi
Published: October 2024

We present He i/Hβ flux and He/H abundance ratios in three James Webb Space Telescope galaxies with significant constraints on N/O abundance ratios, GS-NDG-9422, RXCJ2248-ID, and GLASS150008 at z ∼ 6 mostly with the spectroscopic coverage from He i
λ4471 and He ii
λ4686 to He i
λ7065, and comparing with 68 local dwarf galaxies. We find that these high-z galaxies present strong He i emission with He i/Hβ flux ratios generally larger than those of local dwarf galaxies. We derive He/H with all of the detected Hei, He ii, and 2−3 hydrogen Balmer lines in the same manner as the local He/H determination conducted for cosmology studies. These high-z galaxies show He overabundance He/H ≳0.10 or high electron density of n
e ∼ 103−4 cm−3 much larger than local values at low O/H,

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
=
7
−
8

. In contrast, we obtain low He/H and n
e values for our local dwarf galaxies by the same technique with the same helium and hydrogen lines, and confirm that the difference between the high-z and local dwarf galaxies is not mimicked by systematics. While two scenarios of (1) He overabundance and (2) high electron density are not clearly concluded, we find that there is a positive correlation between the He/H–N/O or n
e–N/O plane by the comparison of the high-z and local dwarf galaxies. Scenario (1) suggests that the overabundant helium and nitrogen are not explained by the standard chemical enrichment of core-collapse supernovae, but by the CNO-cycle products and equilibrium ratios, respectively. Scenario (2) indicates that the strong helium lines originated from the central dense clouds of the high-z galaxies by excessive collisional excitation.