bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The child as a medium. Breakdown and possible resurgence of children’s agency in the era of pandemic
Authors: Amadasi Sara , Baraldi Claudio
Published: May 2022

This paper deals with the unpredictable outbreak of the pandemic, explaining its impact on the education system, and with structural flexibility as a way to face unpredictability, based on the generalisability and coordination of manifestations of agency. The pandemic has enhanced a narrative of the child as a medium of learning, which undermines children’s agency. The example of the research project CHILD-UP (Children Hybrid Integration: Learning Dialogue as a way of Upgrading policies of Participation) is used to show how children’s agency and structural flexibility in classroom interactions can be supported and analysed.
Synthesis and characterization of phosphonated polybenzimidazole membranes with improved proton conductivity for high-temperature proton exchange membrane applications
Authors: He Yueming , Wang Meng , Chen Hongzhou , Peng Xiaohong
Published: May 2022

The study has synthesized a novel dicarboxylic acid monomer with phosphonate group, 2-((diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (PMDA), and then successfully prepared a series of polybenzimidazole polymers containing methyl-phosphonic acid group and ether group (POPBI-x) via the polycondensation between PMDA, 4,4′-oxybis (benzoic acid) (OBBA) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). Meanwhile, the smooth membranes were fabricated via the solution-casting method. Results of TGA, the Fenton’s reagent immersing test, and the tensile test showed that the POPBI-x membranes possessed good thermo-oxidative stability and mechanical properties. Moreover, compared to poly[2,2′-(p-oxydiphenylene)-5,5′-benzimidazole] (OPBI), POPBI-x had a significant enhancement in the phosphoric acid doping level, PA retention ability, and proton conductivity after doped with phosphoric acid (PA) because the methyl-phosphonic acid groups on the backbones enriched the hydrogen bonding interactions between the polymer chain and phosphoric acid. Notably, the POPBI-19 exhibited a high phosphoric acid doping level of approximately 11.3 and excellent proton conductivity of approximately 0.0523 S cm−1 at 180°C under anhydrous conditions.
Combination of a v-grooved solar collector with a single slope solar still: Performance evaluation, mathematical modeling, and economic analysis
Authors: Azari Parisa , Mirabdolah Lavasani Arash , Rahbar Nader , Eftekhari Yazdi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Solar stills are known as one of the best and most efficient methods for water desalination. Due to low production of solar stills, researchers have been using experimental and theoretical methods to come up with possible solutions for ameliorating freshwater production through these systems. This study aims to investigate the performance of a single slope solar still combined with a v-grooved solar air heater. Important parameters (height of the v-grooves, length of the collector, and air mass flow) affecting the performance of the proposed system were mathematically investigated using MATLAB software. The average deviation between the experimental and theoretical results was found to be about 7%. Furthermore, the results showed that the water production rate and the efficiency of the modified solar still were 150% and 44.20% higher than those of the conventional ones, respectively. Two new correlations were proposed based on the experimental results in order to predict the water production via solar stills, which are in good agreement with the results of the existing models. Based on the obtained results, the increase in the inlet air mass flow rate was not conducive to water production as the production rate was reduced by 60%. In addition, through the economic analysis, the cost per liter for the modified still was determined to be 0.03 [Formula: see text] with an interest rate of 10%.
Meta-action unit importance identification method of electromechanical product
Authors: Li Yulong , Li Junfa , Liu Shengquan , Wen Shutao , Li Donglong , Zhang Genbao
Published: May 2022

A new method to importance identification and optimization of meta-action unit for electromechanical product is proposed herein. In the present method, the influence factors and optimization factors related to the importance identification and optimization of meta-action unit were given. The weight vectors of influence factors and optimization factors were obtained by the improved EAHP (extension analytical hierarchy process), and the importance matrix and optimization weight vector of meta-action unit were also built by fuzzy theory. Then, the meta-action unit importance identification and optimization model was established according to the influence factors weight vector, optimization factors weight vector, meta-action unit importance matrix, and meta-action unit comprehensive optimization weight vector. A typical domestic electromechanical product was taken as the analysis object, and the effectiveness of the new method is verified by the comparison of various methods. The proposed method is helpful to reduce the blindness of enterprises in selecting analysis objects, and also lays a foundation for improving the reliability of electromechanical products.
Effects of fusion height of tip winglet on the clearance flow in a compressor cascade
Authors: Xu Wenfeng , Sun Peng , Zhong Jingjun , Han Shaobing , Yang Guogang
Published: May 2022

The leakage flow generated by rotor clearance seriously affects efficiency and stability of a compressor. In order to reduce the effect of leakage flow, the tip winglet has been applied at the tip of a transonic compressor cascade. Numerical simulation has been used to investigate the influence of tip winglets with different fusion heights on the flow field structure. Furthermore, the effect of winglets was analyzed under different clearance heights and incidence angles. Results reveal that the winglet can weaken the kinetic energy of the leakage flow. The development of the leakage vortex along the pitchwise is suppressed, and the total pressure loss is decreased near the tip. The increase in the tip separation vortex scale leads to a remarkable decrease in the leakage flow rate. With the increase in fusion height, the scale of tip separation vortex decreases gradually, and the suppression effect on the leakage flow rate is weakened. The optimal scheme can reduce the loss by 3.3% and leakage flow rate by 13.4%. The suppression effect of the winglet on flow loss increases gradually with the increase in incidence angle. Moreover, the suppression effect of the winglet on leakage flow and flow loss increases first and then decreases with the increase in tip clearance.
1D multi-point marine turbocharger design, for optimal performance recovery
Authors: Ntonas Konstantinos , Aretakis Nikolaos , Koskoletos Orestis A , Mathioudakis Konstantinos
Published: May 2022

An integrated turbocharger 1D design tool, allowing retrofit of both compressor and turbine is presented. An optimization procedure is employed, to design both compressor and turbine to match the entire turbocharged system in an optimal way. The optimization process focuses on engine specific fuel consumption reduction in the engine range of operation, while ensuring appropriate matching between turbomachinery components and the diesel engine. Structural integrity of both turbo-components is ensured by using simplified structural and modal analysis. Dimensionless parameters are used as optimization variables, for both compressor and turbine, allowing the design process to become fully automatic. The platform produces four optimal 1D geometries, of different possible centrifugal compressor diffuser and turbine combinations. The combination that gives the best improvement to the diesel engine operation is identified.

A case study is presented, where all four turbocharger configurations are designed and analyzed aiming to at least recover the original diesel engine performance. The platform then sorts all four optimized turbocharger geometries based on annual fuel cost reduction. The best configuration achieves the largest fuel consumption reduction (0.4% for the case presented), while stable operation and structural integrity are ensured. Additionally, a study of how the new machine learning volute loss models affect the designed geometry is performed. Finally, a techno-economical assessment is performed in order to identify the most profitable retrofit option, turbocharger redesign being one of four possible turbocharger options considered by the authors. Redesigning the entire turbocharger is shown to provide the largest long term profit.
Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model and Assessment of the Impact of Renal Underdevelopment in Preterm Infants on the Pharmacokinetics of Aminophylline
Authors: Tummala Hari Prabhath , Balusu Rachana , Thotakura Sahithi , Pasnoor Achyuth Kumar , Raju Arun Prasath , Lal Shivakumar Mahadeva , Lewis Leslie Edwards , Mallayasamy Surulivelrajan
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for individualization of the dosing regimen considering the physiological requirements of these preterm neonates.

Methods:

The study comprised preterm newborns with fewer than 34 weeks of gestation and six apneic episodes in 24 h. A PBPK model was created using PK-SIM (version 9, update 1, GitHub, San Francisco, CA, USA). A PBPK model is built using a typical loading dosage of 5 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Based on the verified base model, a PBPK model representing renal underdevelopment based on nRIFLE/pRIFLE categorization was developed.

Results:

The PK parameters of Aminophylline were computed using the PBPK model. As per the model prediction, T1/2 and area under the curve reduced as postnatal age increased, and in the event of renal underdevelopment, even while C max for patients under R (RISK), I (injury) was within the therapeutic range; it was greater compared to preterm without any renal complications. Mean C max (mol/L) was 59.53 and for R, I, and F (FAILURE) categories the values were 83.04, 99.69, and 126.98, respectively.

Conclusion:

The model was created using appropriate drug, study subject, and dosage protocol inputs. The established PBPK model could help in individualizing aminophylline dose in preterm babies.
Review of the Long-Term Effect of the Atypical Antipsychotic Medication on the Bone Mineral Density of the Pediatric Patient with Consideration of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jumaili Wisam Al , Muzwagi Ashraf
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

To shed some light on the understudied complication of chronic prolonged exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in children with consideration to with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:

We electronically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical trial.gov, and Medline Database of clinical studies up to June 2021. We used the following keywords: “bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone loss, bone changes” AND “antipsychotics, SGAs, atypical antipsychotics” AND “pediatric, adolescent, young, youth, children.” We used [Mesh] Term for “antipsychotics agent” and “bone mineral density” and “autism spectrum disorder” and “child.” We retrieved relevant observational studies, reviews, case series, and randomized clinical trials.

Results:

Yvette Roke et al., in 2012, reported in a retrospective observational study that lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical bone marker were lower in the AP-treated boy with hyperprolactinemia in comparison to the non-AP-treated group, while a retrospective observational study of institutional adolescents with a psychiatric condition, carried out by Bonnot et al. in 2011, found significant vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric inpatient adolescents that is unrelated to the specific APs. Third, Calarge et al. in a 2010 retrospective observational study have reported a significant reduction in BMD in adolescents with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) compared to another group with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia without SSRI. On the other hand, Nivin A. Nagiub et al. (2019) in the cross-sectional study found no correlation between BMD and AP use in children with ASD. Houghton et al., in 2021, found a high fracture prevalence of 38% with aripiprazole compared to risperidone in children with ASD.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should be aware of the potential negative effects of APs on BMD, considerably in children with ASD that has additional risk factors for osteoporosis and bone disease. A provider needs to utilize more sensitive screening and diagnostic tools; the pediatric physician should evaluate other risk factors to prevent early osteopenia and bone fracture in children with ASD who are on chronic psychotropic medication, before adjusting to the AP medication.
Study of Hemodynamic Effects of Preoperative Single-Bolus Dexmedetomidine in Elective Laparoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Fasil Fathima , Saundattikar Girish , Jawale Reema Hemant , J. Naveen Kumar
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To observe the hemodynamic effects of a single bolus dose of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods:

A total of 60 adult patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group D patients were given 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 50 mL of saline as a single-dose infusion over 10 min before induction. Group S patients were given a 50-mL 0.9% NS slow infusion over 10 min. Groups D and S patients were premedicated 10 min prior to surgery. Baseline vital and hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the perioperative period.

Conclusion:

Premedicating with a single bolus of 1 µg/kg IV dexmedetomidine has been proven safe and effective in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability, although few developed bradycardia and hypotension, which were managed without any adverse outcome. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine effectively reduced the incidence of shivering.
COVID-19 and Substance Use: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications During 2020 and 2021
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Gupta B.M. , Ahmed K.K. Mueen
Published: May 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the characteristics and trends of research on substance use and COVID-19.

Methods:

Keywords related to “Covid-19” and “Substance Use” were used in a search query formulated for the Scopus search engine. The articles published during the years 2020 and 2021, through early November 2021, were considered.

Results:

A total of 2184 publications were published on this topic, averaging 9.69 citations per paper. About one-seventh (13.96%) share of global publications was supported by extramural funding support. The maximum number of publications emerged from the United States of America (USA) ( n = 831; 38.05%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) ( n = 212; 9.71%), India ( n = 165; 7.55%), and Canada (155 papers; 7.10%). In terms of citation impact, publications emerging from China (24.42 and 2.52) had the highest citation impact, followed by publications emerging from Australia (18.83 and 1.94), France (16.48 and 1.70), the UK (15.44 and 1.59), Italy (13.36 and 1.38), and Canada (12.73 and 1.31). When the data in terms of specific institutes were evaluated, Harvard Medical School, USA ( n = 52), was ranked first in productivity, followed by the University of Toronto, Canada ( n = 47); the Yale School of Medicine, USA ( n = 35); INSERM, France ( n = −29); and the University of British Columbia, Canada ( n = 2s). The University College London, UK (30.24 and 3.12), ranked first in citation impact, followed by INSERM, France (22.0 and 2.27); the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (17.4 and 1.8); and the University of Toronto, Canada (13.68 and 1.41). When the journals were evaluated, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ( n = 83) ranked first in publication productivity, followed by the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ( n = 73), Frontiers in Psychology ( n = 39), Drug and Alcohol Dependence ( n = 28), and International Journal of Drug Policy ( n = 26).

Conclusion:

This bibliometric study suggests that a large amount of literature has accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use disorders, both from developed and developing countries.
Intervertebral disc injury is the mainspring for the postoperative increase in Cobb Angle after thoracolumbar burst fracture
Authors: Peng Zhi , Cui Zhongfeng , Kuang Xiaolin , Yu Chen , Ruan Yushan , Li Chuan , Li Shaobo , Lu Sheng
Published: May 2022

Study Design

A single-institution retrospective study of a cohort of patients who underwent internal fixation spine surgery for thoracolumbar burst fracture (TLBF).

Objective

To observe the imaging manifestations of intervertebral disc changes in TLBF, to analyze the relationship between the degree of disc injury and the Cobb angle increase.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation in the spinal surgery department of a single hospital between January 2014 and December 2017 ( n = 90). According to the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the superior intervertebral disc tissue of the injured vertebrae before the operation, the intervertebral disc injury was divided into three types, which was used for group allocation: group A, uninjured intervertebral disc group; group B, mild intervertebral disc injury group; and group C, severe intervertebral disc injury group. The main imaging results of the three groups Cobb, IVA, IHI, AHIV, and VAS were compared among groups.

Results

Ninety patients were included in the study ( n = 38, 32, and 20, in groups A, B, and C, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in demographics among the three groups ( p > .05). 1-year post-surgery, the Cobb angle in group C differed significantly from that in groups A and B ( p < .01). There was a significant difference in Cobb angle between groups A and B after internal fixation was removed for 6 months. At 1-year post-surgery, the IHI group C differed significantly from groups A and B ( p < .01), while groups A and B were similar ( p = .102); however, at 6 months after the internal fixation was removed, the IHI differed significantly between these two groups, also the AHIV between groups A and B was statistically significant ( p < .01). The VAS pain score was similar among the three groups. Pearson’s test showed that the increase in the Cobb angle was moderately correlated with IVA and IHI, and weakly correlated with AHIV.

Conclusion

For TLBF with an intervertebral disc injury, the presurgical degree of intervertebral disc injury is the main reason for the post-surgery increase in the Cobb angle. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of this kind of patient require attention to the risk of spinal deformity.
“It wasn’t A Romantic Marriage”: A Metaphor Analysis of Male Early Childhood Educators’ Career Narratives
Authors: Brody David , Andrä Markus
Published: May 2022

This research represents a breakthrough in studies examining men’s career trajectories in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). While past research examined men’s personal career narratives using thematic tools of analysis, the current study employs metaphorical analysis that provides deep insight into men’s intentions and understanding of themselves, as expressed to others. Two men’s metaphorical concepts found in their career narratives were identified and contrasted. One man’s metaphors were drawn from his experience in the American counter-culture of the 1960s; while the other’s emanated from his Protestant German upbringing. This process revealed their motivations to choose a traditionally female career and their agentic coping with difficulties engendered by crossing into a female gendered territory. A socio-cultural perspective enabled a wider interpretation. This research suggests that metaphorical analysis be used for research employing men’s narratives to aspects of their lives and their professional practice.
Attending to the Positive: A Retrospective Validation of the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors-Sexual Offence Version
Authors: Nolan Thomas , Willis Gwenda M. , Thornton David , Kelley Sharon M. , Christofferson Sarah Beggs
Published: May 2022

Sexual recidivism risk assessment tools focus almost exclusively on risk factors associated with increased rates of recidivism and do not attend to protective factors that might mitigate reoffense risk. The present study investigated the predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors - Sexual Offence version (SAPROF-SO), developed to assess hypothesised protective factors against sexual recidivism in adult males. The SAPROF-SO pilot version contains 24 items across two domains: Personal and Professionally Provided Support. SAPROF-SO scores were rated retrospectively from a review of archived case files of 210 men with convictions for child sexual offenses, using the SAPROF-SO pilot manual and a supplementary retrospective scoring guide developed for the current study. SAPROF-SO Total and Personal domain scores were significantly predictive of sexual recidivism after an average follow-up period of 12.24 years (AUC = .81), and to a lesser extent, violent and general recidivism. SAPROF-SO Total and Personal scores additionally provided significant incremental validity over Static-99R scores in the prediction of sexual recidivism. Results support the predictive validity of protective factors for reduced sexual recidivism and invite future research examining how to integrate the SAPROF-SO alongside contemporary sexual recidivism risk assessment tools.
Metaphorical Mapping for Sensemaking and Sensebreaking of Stakeholder Relations in Sustainability Frames
Authors: Menon Kalyani
Published: May 2022

This article develops a framework for managerial conceptualization of corporate sustainability–stakeholder relationships (CS-SR) for paradoxical frames. The embedded nature of the business case frame for sustainability and aligned CS-SR, and a lack of insight into CS-SR for a paradoxical frame, may impede implementing a paradoxical frame for sustainability. Therefore, this article offers an understanding of structural differences in CS-SR in a business case versus a paradoxical frame for sustainability in terms of agency and communion. It then presents conceptual metaphorical mapping as the cognitive mechanism for managerial conceptualization of CS-SR for a paradoxical frame. Identifying nurturant parenting as an apt metaphorical domain with a conceptually similar relational structure to CS-SR of the paradoxical frame and dissimilar from the business case frame, it presents a model where juxtaposing nurturant parenting with sustainability enables sensebreaking of CS-SR of the business case frame and sensemaking of CS-SR of the paradoxical frame.
The VAT at 100: A Retrospective Survey and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Slemrod Joel , Velayudhan Tejaswi
Published: May 2022

We take stock of what is known about the consequences of actual value-added tax (VAT) systems, nearly 100 years since its conception. We benchmark it to the tax it most often replaced—the retail sales tax (RST). We do this not because we advocate a return to the RST, but because it allows us to evaluate the performance of two tax instruments in actual practice instead of comparing them to their idealized versions, which are never achieved. Doing so highlights different areas of focus than traditional comparisons to the “good” VAT. Like the RST, the VAT is weak at the final stage and technological advances that ameliorate VAT issues could also be applied to the RST. VAT introduces new evasion opportunities not possible in an RST such as invoice mills and carousel fraud. We propose new metrics and a research agenda to evaluate the “health” of the real VAT.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Inflammatory Markers in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hejazi Keyvan , Ferrari Filipe
Published: May 2022

Background

The prevalence of obesity among children as well as the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on weight loss has been determined by modulating the secretory factors of adipose tissue. PE has also been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on adiponectin and other important health markers in children.

Data sources

We searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 15, 2021. We used random-effects models to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Study selection

Fourteen studies were included (N = 468 participants; mean age: 14 years).

Results

In general, PE increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.91 µg/mL; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.55, p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 1.01 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.69, p = 0.004), and VO2max (WMD: 2.52 mL.kg.min; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.62, p = 0.00,001). The levels of c-reactive protein (WMD: -0.37 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.17, p = 0.0003), insulin (WMD: -4.61 μIU/ml; 95% CI, -5.46 to -3.76, p = 0.00,001), fasting glucose (WMD: -5.11 mg/dL; 95% CI, -7.88 to -2.34, p = 0.0003), and insulin resistance index (WMD: -1.44; 95% CI, -1.92 to -0.96, p = 0.00,001), decreased significantly.

Conclusion

Our study showed that PE may increase the level of adiponectin, HDL-C, and VO2max in children.
“Vitreous Hemorrhage and Long-Lasting Priapism After COVID-19 m-RNA Based Vaccine: A Case Report”
Authors: Casarini Barbara , Bruni Francesco , Rubino Pierangela , Mora Paolo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To report a case of possible multi-district thromboembolic event involving the eye of a patient with several cardiovascular risk factors, following a second inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 m-RNA based vaccine.

Case-report

A 60-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the left eye lasting 1 month but started within 24 hours from the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine inoculation. He also reported a long-lasting but self-limiting priapism which started about 4 h after the vaccination. Patient's medical history included: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated with chemotherapy and HLA-identical sibling donor transplant 18 months earlier; subsequent cytomegalovirus posterior outer retinal necrosis (PORN) resolved with antiviral treatment; type II diabetes and erectile dysfunction. Ocular examination of the affected eye revealed vitreous hemorrhage which limited the observation of details of the fundus. After a 2-week follow-up without any clinical improvement, parsplana vitrectomy (PPV) with cataract extraction was performed. Surgical aspiration of a large preretinal hemorrhage revealed intraretinal flame-shaped hemorrhages and some cotton wool spots. Further intraoperative examination and post-operative fluorescein angiography excluded the rhegmatogenaous and the neovascular origin of the intraocular bleeding.

Conclusions

Due to the several predisposing factors such as diabetes, aspirin assumption, history of blood dyscrasia and infectious retinitis, the relationship between the acute intraocular bleeding and the BNT162b2 inoculation remains difficult to ascertain in this patient. However, the occurrence of lasting priapism and vitreous hemorrhage within 24 h from the vaccination is a critical event which deserves to be mentioned.
iCare® Home vs Goldmann applanation tonometry: Agreement of methods and comparison of inter-observer variation at a tertiary eye centre
Authors: Quérat Laurence , Chen Enping
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate whether the inter-observer variation is similar between the Goldmann applanation tonometer used by healthcare staff and the iCare® Home tonometer used by glaucoma patients, volunteers and healthcare staff. Methods: Sixty-one participants were recruited to the study, including 24 glaucoma patients. Seven participants were excluded. For each participant, intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured on the same occasion by two different healthcare staff using GAT as well as by a healthcare staff and the participant using the iCare® Home tonometer. Results: Seventy-two per cent of iCare® measurements were within 3 mmHg of the GAT measurements. There was a statistically significant difference between the trainers’ measurements made with iCare® Home and those made with GAT ( p < 0.001), as well as between the GAT measurements made by trainers and those made by extra personnel ( p = 0.017). The strongest correlation was between iCare® Home participants’ and trainers’ measurements (0.934). The correlation between different users with GAT was lower (0.769). The inter-user agreement was excellent for iCare® Home users (95% CI 0.93, ranging from 0.880 to 0.959) and moderate for GAT users (95% CI 0.741, ranging from 0.558 to 0.849). Conclusion: Our study found that tonometry with iCare® Home has similar or less inter-user variation compared with GAT.
Dislocation risk after robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a comparison of anterior, lateral and posterolateral approaches
Authors: Marcovigi Andrea , Sandoni Dario , Ciampalini Luigi , Perazzini Piergiuseppe , Zambianchi Francesco , Hozack William J , Catani Fabio
Published: May 2022

Aims:

Dislocation is a major cause of early failure after THA and is highly influenced by surgical approach and component positioning. Robotic-arm assisted arthroplasty has been developed in an attempt to improve component positioning and reduce postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of dislocation after robotic total hip arthroplasty through 3 different surgical approaches.

Materials and methods:

All patients who had undergone robotic arm-assisted THA at 3 centres between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed. After applying exclusion criteria, 1059 patients were included in the study. An anterior approach was used in 323 patients, a lateral approach in 394 and a posterior approach in 342 patients. Episodes of dislocation were recorded after 6 months follow-up. Stem anteversion, cup anteversion, cup inclination and combined anteversion were collected using the integrated navigation system. Cumulative incidence (CI), incidence rate (IR) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated with a confidence interval of 95%.

Results:

3 cases of dislocation (2 posterior approach, 1 anterior approach) were recorded, with a dislocation rate of 0.28% and an IR of 0.14%. The rate of placement of the cup in the Lewinnek safe zone was 82.2% for the posterior approach, 82.0% for the lateral approach and 95.4% for the anterior approach. The rate of placement in the combined version safe zone was 98.0% for the posterior approach, 73.0% for the lateral approach and 47.1% for the anterior approach. The incidence rate of dislocation was 0.30% for the anterior approach, 0.34% for the posterior approach and 0% for the lateral approach.

Conclusions:

The robotic arm-assisted technique is associated with a low risk of dislocation. The combined version technique appears to be a reliable way to reduce the risk of dislocation through the posterolateral approach but does not appear to be essential when using the lateral and anterior approaches.
The multiplicity of preservice music teachers’ positioning in a participatory action research project
Authors: Onsrud Silje Valde , Fredriksen Bendik , Rinholm Hanne , Lindgren Monica
Published: May 2022

This article reports the results of a participatory action research study into Norwegian generalist music teacher education, that intended to develop spaces for preservice music teachers to foster agency and prepare for future teaching. We aimed to challenge the discursive practice of generalist music teacher education through participatory action research conducted from January to April 2020 at two central teacher education institutions in Norway. In this article, we present extracts from transcribed video recordings of the completed participatory action research that identify preservice music teachers’ positioning in interactions as a response to the challenges posed by action research events. Through our analysis, which draws on positioning theory from discourse psychology, we identify three primary positions taken up by preservice music teachers: (a) novices, (b) not yet independent, and (c) resource persons. The study identifies a need to interrupt traditional music teaching as a discursive practice that maintains power relations that obstruct preservice music teachers’ agency in their education. We conclude that more systematic long-term work is needed to change both educator and student habits and mind-sets.
The influence of dynamic pricing on consumer trust, value, and loyalty relationships in theme parks
Authors: Milman Ady , Tasci Asli D.A.
Published: May 2022

Previous research addressed the impact of dynamic pricing strategies in different economic sectors. While consumer loyalty towards theme parks received attention, its relationships with consumer trust and value under different dynamic pricing strategies have not been studied. This study investigated the potential influences of different dynamic pricing strategies on the modeled relationships among consumer trust, consumer value, and brand loyalty. A randomized online experiment of six scenarios was developed, sampling 50 theme park visitors in each scenario, and obtaining a usable sample of 286 respondents. The findings revealed that consumers’ overall trust in their favorite theme park, measured by benevolence and competitive trust, positively influenced their overall value perceptions measured by emotional, financial, reputation, and social dimensions. These dimensions had different effects on consumers’ theme park brand loyalty. The multi-group analysis did not show a clear pattern of differences among the different pricing strategies. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Queer encounters: Navigating ‘gay-friendly’ neighbourhoods with (and against) cultural maps of homophobia
Authors: Spruce Emma
Published: May 2022

This article provides an intersectional analysis of LGBTQ definitions, experiences and perceptions of the ‘gay-friendly’ neighbourhood. It draws on interviews with a diverse group of LGBTQ people living in the London neighbourhood of Brixton to provide a situated interrogation of the ways that evaluations of place-based ‘gay-un/friendliness’ are made. The article argues that LGBTQ people’s experiences of local places are frequently framed through cultural maps, which sustain and connect racialized and classed spatializations of sexual progress across multiple scales. Despite this tendency, however, other accounts – in particular those of long-term residents and queers of colour – provide contradictory evaluations of Brixton’s ‘gay-friendliness’. These trouble dominant assumptions about the conditions needed for LGBTQ flourishing and thereby suggest an expanded horizon for urban sexual politics. Examining the paradox of Brixton’s designation as ‘gay-unfriendly’ even as it is a vibrant site of LGBTQ life, the article demonstrates the importance of an intersectional approach that attends to variations and specificities in the relationship between sexual politics, local places and LGBTQ experiences.
Physician self-reported use of empathy during clinical practice
Authors: Comer Amber , Fettig Lyle , Bartlett Stephanie , D’Cruz Lynn , Umythachuk Nina
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The use of empathy during clinical practice is paramount to delivering quality patient care and is important for understanding patient concerns at both the cognitive and affective levels. This study sought to determine how and when physicians self-report the use of empathy when interacting with their patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 76 physicians working in a large urban hospital was conducted in August of 2017. Physicians were asked a series of questions with Likert scale responses as well as asked to respond to open-ended questions.

Results

All physicians self-report that they always (69%) or usually (29.3%) use empathic statements when engaging with patients. 93.1% of physicians believe that their colleagues always (20.7%) or usually (69%) use empathic statements when communicating with patients. Nearly one-third of physicians (33%) indicated that using the words “I understand” denotes an empathic statement. Although 36% of physicians reported that they would like to receive more training or assistance about how and when to use empathy during clinical practice.

Significance of Results

Despite the self-reported prevalent use of empathic statements, one-third of physicians indicate a desire for more training in what empathy means and when it should be used in a clinical setting. Additionally, nearly one-third of physicians in this study reported using responses that patients may not perceive as being empathic, even when intended to be empathic. This suggests that many physicians feel uncertain about a clinical skill they believe should be used in most, if not all, encounters.
New Generation School initiative in Cambodia: Revisiting its effects on shadow education
Authors: Nhem Davut
Published: May 2022

This article aims to address a puzzle of whether New Generation School (NGS) initiative has any impacts on the deep-rooted, vexing culture of shadow education in Cambodia. The purpose of the NGS project is to build good human resources with STEM knowledge, ICT, and 21st-century skills, all of which are the necessary commodities in this current fluid society. At the same time, it wishes to remove the ingrained culture of shadow education which is oftentimes offered from public school teachers to their own students. Thus, to realize the above objective, this paper reviews a policy document “New Generation School Operational Policy Guidelines, 2019” published by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport (MoEYS) and other reports by Kampuchea Action to Promote Education (KAPE) organization. The analysis indicates that NGS has not entirely omitted students’ participation but has eliminated teachers’ engagement in shadow education—revealing its success in building teacher professionalism and effective school leadership, all of which are the complementary strands of school-level accountability and have been the conundrums in this context for many years. This article offers a nuanced understanding of shadow education as it steers the attention of policymakers and researchers in Cambodia and other contexts to look at the factoid of alternative assessments and school-level accountability—having implications on teacher and school leader professionalism and corruption—as the ways to penetrate shadow education.
Cultivating not Weeding: STEM First Year Learning Community Fosters Student Persistence and Engagement
Authors: Cowan Cory C. , Brady Mara , Arvizu Jaime , Reece Amber , Weinman Beth , Zivot Matthew
Published: May 2022

Regional comprehensive universities with access-oriented missions provide critical pathways for increasing the number and diversity of STEM graduates. The BOND program at California State University, Fresno supports the transition to college for first-time, full-time freshmen in selected STEM majors. BOND incorporates a learning community, active learning, and early course-based research experiences. Compared to comparison groups, students that participate in BOND are 1.93 times more likely to persist in STEM into their fourth year despite similar academic achievement in introductory STEM courses. A higher proportion of BOND students also engage with campus resources that support their first and second year on campus, which suggests that appropriate support builds persistence through the challenges of a STEM degree. This study highlights the importance of providing support strategies and resources in the first year for STEM retention, counter to the traditional narrative of “weeding out” students in their first year on campus.
Skill Performance Assessment for Kindergarten Reading Screening Measures: Pilot Study
Authors: O’Keeffe Breda V. , Bundock Kaitlin , Kladis Kristin , Nelson Kat
Published: May 2022

Kindergarten reading screening measures typically identify many students as at risk who later meet criteria on important outcome measures (i.e., false positives). To address this issue, we evaluated a gated screening process that included accelerated progress monitoring, followed by a simple goal/reward procedure (skill vs. performance assessment, SPA) to distinguish between skill and performance difficulties on Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF) and Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) in a multiple baseline across students design. Nine kindergarten students scored below benchmark on PSF and/or NWF at the middle of year benchmark assessment. Across students and skills ( n = 13 panels of the study), nine met/exceeded benchmark during baseline (suggesting additional exposure to the assessments was adequate), two exceeded benchmark during goal/reward procedures (suggesting adding a motivation component was adequate), and two required extended exposure to goal/reward or skill-based review to exceed the benchmark. Across panels of the baseline, 12 of 13 skills were at/above the end-of-year benchmark on PSF and/or NWF, suggesting lower risk than predicted by middle-of-year screening. Due to increasing baseline responding, experimental control was limited; however, these results suggest that simple progress monitoring may help reduce false positives after screening. Future research on this hypothesis is needed.
Combined transarterial and percutaneous preoperative embolization of transosseous meningioma
Authors: Matsoukas Stavros , Feng Rui , Gilligan Jeffrey , Gutzwiller Eveline M. , De Leacy Reade , Shrivastava Raj , Rapoport Benjamin I.
Published: May 2022

Meningiomas with transosseous extension provide opportunities for extensive preoperative embolization, through conventional trans-arterial approaches, and also through less commonly used percutaneous methods. This video demonstrates embolization of a 7.6 × 9.5 × 9.9 cm transosseous WHO grade II meningioma. 1 Trans-arterial embolization was conducted via the left middle meningeal, occipital, and superficial temporal arteries. Only one superficial temporal artery was embolized to preserve vascular supply to the skin flap. To further devascularize the tumor, concomitant percutaneous embolization was performed. Transosseous extension of the tumor facilitated extensive percutaneous embolization of both the intracranial and extracranial components of the mass. Intraoperative bleeding from the scalp and extracranial component of the tumor was minimal. The intracranial tumor was soft and necrotic and was removed with suction and gentle dissection. Residual tumor was left behind within and adjacent to the superior sagittal sinus. The patient recovered without neurological deficit and was referred for radiation of the residual tumor.
Dynamic characteristics of two-mass impact pipeline robot driven by non-circular gears
Authors: Liu Dawei , Lu Jiarui , Cao Yuetong , Jin Xin
Published: May 2022

Considering small diameter pipes, special pipes conveying corrosive, and flammable medium, a two-mass impact pipeline robot driven by a non-circular gear is proposed to study the walking dynamics of the robot in a dry piping environment. The mechanism principle of the two-mass impact pipeline robot is given to illustrate the walking mechanism of the robot under the combined action of the internal force and the external isotropic coulomb friction force. A dynamic model of a two-mass impact pipeline robot driven by non-circular gear is established. The dynamic response of the robot calculated by the numerical method reveals the walking characteristics of the pipe-impact robot under nonharmonic inertial force. The results show that the moving speed of the robot fluctuating rises with the increase of the input speed. The moving speed of the robot can be effectively improved by increasing the eccentricity of the non-circular gear or setting a certain amount of compression of the spring which is between the internal oscillator and the housing.
Research on control strategy of asymmetric electro-hydraulic servo system based on improved PSO algorithm
Authors: Ma Yu , Gu Li-Chen , Xu Ying-Ge , Shi Li-Chen , Wang Hai-Tao
Published: May 2022

In the electro-hydraulic servo control system, there are some problems, such as low position control accuracy, uncontrollable speed, speed impact, and asymmetric control due to the asymmetry of hydraulic cylinder. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a Fuzzy PID control algorithm with load force compensation based on improved PSO optimization. This improved particle swarm optimization algorithm introduces crossover and mutation operations in genetic algorithm to improve the optimization performance of traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm. The mathematical model of valve controlled asymmetric cylinder is established, and the Amesim linearization analysis function is used to identify the system, establish the transfer function, and build the control system. The joint simulation and test results of Amesim and MATLAB show that the proposed control strategy can realize the simultaneous control of speed and position. Under different loads, different speeds, and different input follow signals, it does not need to adjust any parameters. Regardless of forward or reverse operation, the optimal dynamic performance and minimum steady-state error are obtained, which greatly improves the response speed of the system. The effectiveness and superiority of the improved PSO compound control strategy are verified.
Successful paraclavicular surgical decompression for recurrent venous thoracic outlet syndrome following transaxillary first rib resection in an elite athlete
Authors: Pesonen Luke O , Knol Meghan C , Kreimier Edward L , Jackson Miles W , Heidenreich Michael J , Aziz Abdulhameed
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Recurrent effort thrombosis after prior surgical intervention for venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is an uncommon problem, and there are multiple alternative surgical approaches in the management of recurrent venous TOS.

Methods

We present a case of a 23 year-old female professional athlete who presented with arm swelling, pain, and recurrent effort thrombosis after prior transaxillary rib resection. Imaging at our institution revealed subclavian vein thrombosis, confirmed with dynamic venography, as well as a remnant first rib.

Results

Thrombolysis of the subclavian vein and balloon angioplasty was followed by paraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression with complete first rib resection. Success was confirmed with intraoperative dynamic venography demonstrating a patent subclavian vein and resulted in complete elimination of symptoms.

Conclusion

Additional surgical decompression with complete medial first rib resection of remnant rib, which was potentially causing compression of the subclavian vein, may be necessary to prevent recurrent venous compression and thrombosis for venous TOS.
Spinal cord protection in open and endovascular approaches to thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Amabile Andrea , Lewis Erin , Costa Victor , Tadros Rami O , Han Daniel K , Di Luozzo Gabriele
Published: May 2022

Despite advancements in surgical and postoperative management, spinal cord injury has been a persistent complication of both open and endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Spinal cord injury can be explained with an ischemia-infarction model which results in local edema of the spinal cord, damaging its structure and leading to reversible or irreversible loss of its function. Perfusion of the spinal cord during aortic procedures can be enhanced by several adjuncts which have been described with a broad variety of evidence in their support. These adjuncts include systemic hypothermia, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, extracorporeal circulation and distal aortic perfusion, segmental arteries reimplantation, left subclavian artery revascularization, and staged aortic repair. The Authors here reviewed and discussed the role of such adjuncts in preventing spinal cord injury from occurring, pinpointing current evidence and outlining future perspectives.