bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities and health: monitoring in the era of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Razum Oliver
Published: June 2016

Social inequalities in health have persisted or increased in the era of non-communicable diseases. They are sensitive to changes in underlying structural mechanisms which are ‘socialy produced’. Research in this field is increasingly concerned with changes over time in the magnitude of health inequalities between social groups and related structural mechanisms contributing to this change. Equity-oriented monitoring systems are essential for this task, but not yet well established in Germany.
Kosten des Rauchens in Deutschland
Authors: Effertz Tobias
Published: June 2016

Rauchen führt zu schweren Erkrankungen und vorzeitigem Tod. Diese Erkenntnis ist lange bekannt. Dennoch ist die Raucherquote in Deutschland mit 27% noch immer relativ hoch. Mit dem Rauchen sind hohe Kosten verbunden, die nicht nur das Individuum trägt, sondern auch die dem Tabakrauch ausgesetzte Familie und unbeteiligte Dritte. Insgesamt 79 Mrd. € fallen jedes Jahr an sozialen Kosten an, die überwiegend von den gesetzlichen Sozialversicherungen bezahlt werden. Eine wirkungsvolle Präventionsmaßnahme wären höhere Tabaksteuern, die den Raucher mit den wahren Kosten des Rauchens konfrontieren und die Rauchprävalenz damit wirkungsvoll zurückführen würden.
Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland
Authors: Icks Andrea , Roden Michael
Published: June 2016

In Deutschland sind rund 7% der Bevölkerung von einem diagnostizierten Diabetes mellitus betroffen. Die größten Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität und Lebenserwartung sind durch diabetesbezogene Begleit- und Folgekrankheiten bedingt. Trotz erheblicher Verbesserungen ist davon auszugehen, dass noch immer ein relevanter Anteil von Patienten nicht oder unzureichend therapiert wird. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich wie auch die Implementierung vorhandenen Wissens in die flächendeckende Versorgung.
Genderspezifische Aspekte von Zivilisationserkrankungen
Authors: Kloepfer Martina
Published: June 2016

Eine erfolgreiche Behandlung von Zivilisationskrankheiten wie Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen und Diabetes, aber auch von psychischen Erkrankungen und Krebs kann von der Berücksichtigung des biologischen und des soziokulturellen Geschlechts abhängen. Tradierte Geschlechterrollen, auf Seiten der Patienten und der Ärzteschaft können zu geschlechtsspezifischen Zuordnungen von Krankheiten führen und damit Diagnosen beeinflussen. Hier nehmen der Herzinfarkt und psychische Erkrankungen eine prominente Rolle ein.
Depression – eine Volkskrankheit: gesundheitspolitische und präventive Anmerkungen
Authors: Wolfersdorf Manfred , Rätzel-Kürzdörfer Walter
Published: June 2016

In einer modernen Dienstleistungsgesellschaft mit hohen Anpassungsanforderungen an sich ändernde Arbeits- und Sozialbeziehungen werden psychische Erkrankungen immer bedeutsamer für Public Health Entscheidungen. Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage, Frühberentungen und Krankschreibungen wegen psychischer Störungen haben in den letzten 10 Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Die Depression ist darunter die häufigste und wegen der großen Nähe zu Hoffnungslosigkeit, Suizidalität und Chronifizierung auch die bedrohlichste psychische Erkrankung.
Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und koronarer Herzkrankheit
Authors: Mittag Oskar
Published: June 2016

Die Depression stellt eine häufige Komorbidität der koronaren Herzkrankheit dar, wobei die genaue Art der Beziehung zwischen beiden Erkrankungen noch nicht letztendlich verstanden ist. Es gibt eine Reihe von behavioralen und physiologischen Wirkpfaden, die erklären könnten, auf welche Weise die Depression das koronare Risiko erhöht. Aber das Bedingungsgefüge ist komplex, und die Behandlung der Depression verbessert die kardiale Prognose nicht.
Gastrointestinal Non-Infectious Complications in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kostović Milica , Cvetkovic Milica , Petrovic Dejan
Published: June 2016

Gastrointestinal complications are common among patients on peritoneal dialysis. Risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal complications in this patient population include: toxic effects of uremic toxins, frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, angiodysplasia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, use of bioincompatible solution for peritoneal dialysis, increased glucose in solutions for peritoneal dialysis, secondary hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia), a disorder of lipid metabolism (hypertriglyceridemia), and the duration of peritoneal dialysis treatment. The most important non-infectious gastrointestinal complications in patients on peritoneal dialysis are: gastrointestinal bleeding, herniation and leaking of the dialysate from the abdomen (increased intra-abdominal pressure), impaired lung function (intra-abdominal hypertension), acute pancreatitis, and encapsulating sclerosis of the peritoneum. Intra-abdominal hypertension is defined as IAP ≥ 12 mmHg. Pouring the peritoneal dialysis solution leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure, which results in the development of hernias, pleuro-peritoneal dialysate leakage (hydrothorax), and restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. Risk factors for the development of acute pancreatitis in this patient population include: uraemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia, hypertriglyceridemia, features of the peritoneal dialysis solution (osmolarity, acidity, glucose, chemical irritation, and calcium in the solution for peritoneal dialysis lead to “local hypercalcemia”), toxic substances from the dialysate, the bags and tubing, and peritonitis and treatment of peritonitis with antibiotics and anticoagulants. Encapsulating sclerosis of the peritoneum is rare and is the most serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. It is characterized by thickening of the peritoneum, including cancer, and signs and symptoms of obstructive ileus. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters. Encapsulating sclerosis of the peritoneum can be indicated by an AR-CA-125 concentration of less than 33 U/min and a concentration of AR-IL-6 greater than 350 pg/min in the effluent of patients with ultrafiltration weakness. Treatment consists of stopping peritoneal dialysis, using anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids) and anticicatricial drugs (tamoxifen), while surgical treatment includes enterolysis and adhesiolysis.
Regulatory Role of Peritoneal B Cells in EAE
Authors: Stojanović Bojana , Milovanović Jelena , Arsenijević Aleksandar , Milovanovic Marija , Lukic Miodrag L.
Published: June 2016

B cells play a dual role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model for multiple sclerosis, B cells contribute to disease progression, while their regulatory role predominates in the initial phases of disease development. Several studies have identified different subsets of regulatory B cells, mostly in the spleen, which are all sources of IL-10. However, peritoneal regulatory B cells are also important producers of IL-10, can migrate towards inflammatory stimuli, and could have an immunoregulatory function. As we have observed expansion of regulatory B cells in the peritoneum of resistant mice after EAE induction, herein we discuss the regulatory roles of B cells in EAE pathogenesis and the possible role of peritoneal regulatory B cells in resistance to EAE induction.
The Analysis of Risk Factors and Clinical-Demographic Characteristics of Patients with Clostridium Dificille Infection as Well as The Outcome of Their Treatment
Authors: Raković Ivana , Jovicic Biljana Popovska , Bukonjic Andriana , Petrovic Sara , Canovic Petar , Hamzagic Nedim
Published: June 2016

Pseudomembranous colitis is a frequent nosocomial infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clostridium difficile infection incidence most frequently increases due to unreasonable antibiotic use and the appearance of new hypervirulent bacterial strains, which leads to prolonged hospitalization and an increase in the total cost of hospital treatment.

This is a retrospective design study conducted at Clinical Centre Kragujevac from January to December 2014. The patient data were obtained from the protocol of the Virological Laboratory and from medical documentation. All statistical analyses were performed using the computer program SPSS. The descriptive statistical data are expressed as percentage values. Continuous variables are expressed as the arithmetic mean with the standard deviation.

Clostridium difficile infection occurred more frequently with elderly patients (123 patients were over 65 years old). Out of 154 patients on antibiotic treatment, 110 patients were treated with a combination of two or more antibiotics from different pharmacological groups. The most represented antibiotics were from the cephalosporin (71.4%) and quinolone (46.3%) groups. A total of 85.8% of the patients used proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers.

Our results describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with diagnosed Clostridium difficile infection. The most prevalent characteristics (age, antibiotic therapy, PPI and H2 blocker use), which other researchers have also mentioned as risk factors, were present in our study as well.
Fink About It: Development and Evaluation of a Communications Curriculum for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: O'Donovan Anita , Poole Claire
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundCommunication skills are of paramount importance in the medical professions. However, it is acknowledged that instruction on this aspect of care is often lacking, or suboptimal in medical curricula. There is often a large focus on content, without the ability to teach and assess practical components related to the ability to communicate.AimThis article proposes the adoption of Fink's taxonomy as a curricular model for communication skills training for healthcare professionals.MethodA literature review of existing curricular models and their potential application was undertaken in order to select the most appropriate choice for a communication module for oncology healthcare professionals. Personal reflection also had a role, as a radiation therapist and medical educator.ResultsFink's taxonomy of significant learning consists of five key steps in curriculum design, to guide medical educators in delivering effective teaching and learning activities. The application of these to a communication module for healthcare professionals is outlined here.ConclusionsVisualisation of the "ideal graduate" is a powerful tool in curriculum design. Many medical educators have an intuitive feel for what this is, however the use of Fink's model provides the evidence base and structure to assist constructive alignment of teaching and learning activities.
COXIELLA BURNETII PATHOGENICITY MOLECULAR BASIS
Authors: Panferova Yu. A.
Published: June 2016

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen, an ethiological agent of Q-fever, a zoonotic disease, elapsing as an acute (mostly atypical pneumonia) or a chronic (mostly endocarditis) form. The host range is represented by wide range of mammal, avian and arthropod species, but the main source of human infection are farm animals. The main route of infection is aerosolic. In case of contact with organism pathogen binds with phagocytal monocytic-macrophagal cell line. C. burnetii promotes maturation of specific phagolysosome-like compartment in host cell, called coxiella-containing vacuole, within this vacuole pathogen becames metabolically activated and actively replicates. Coxiella persists as metabolically inactive spore-like form in environment. Internalisation of C. burnetii occurs using actin-mediated phagocytosis and zipper mechanism. After internalization of bacteria maturation of phagolysosome-like compartment and large coxiella-containing vacuole formation occure, and vacuole can occupy nearly the whole cytoplasm of the host cell. Survivance of infected cells is important for chronic infection with C. burnetii. C. burnetii elongate the viability of host cell by two ways: it actively inhibits apoptotic signal cascades and induce pro-survival factors. Exceptthat C. burnetii involves autophagic pathway during coxiella-containing vacuole formation, and induction of autophagy promotes pathogen replication. During infection C. burnetii translocates effector substrates from bacterial cytosole to euca ryotic host cell cytosole using type IV secretion system, where effectors modulate host cell proteins. Overall approximately 130 secreted effectors of type IV transport system, but function of most of them remains unknown to date. Specific sec reted proteins for variety of strains and isolates were identified, confirmed that certain pathotypes of C. burnetii can exist. Identification and characterization of novel virulence factors it is now possible through axenic media for C. burnetii cultivation and development of site-specific mutagenesis and other genetic technics, which is important for research of C. burnetii molecular pathogenesis.
Effect of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides on Seed Development and Viability in Genetically Engineered Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa
Authors: Kesoju Sandya R. , Boydston Rick A. , Greene Stephanie L.
Published: June 2016

Feral populations of cultivated crops have the potential to function as bridges and reservoirs that contribute to the unwanted movement of novel genetically engineered (GE) traits. Recognizing that feral alfalfa has the potential to lower genetic purity in alfalfa seed production fields when it is growing in the vicinity of foraging pollinators in alfalfa seed fields, industry has established production standards to control feral plants. However, with the commercialization of GE glyphosate-resistant (GR) alfalfa and the need to support the coexistence of both GE and conventional production, effective methods to control transgenic feral alfalfa need to be developed. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2012, 2013, and 2014 to determine the effect of several synthetic auxin herbicides on seed development in GR alfalfa. GR alfalfa, var. Genuity (R44BD16), was treated with dicamba, 2,4-D, triclopyr, and aminopyralid when alfalfa plants contained green seed pods. Two weeks after herbicide application, plants were harvested, air dried, and seed yield, seed germination, and seedling emergence from the soil were determined. In 2013, dicamba, triclopyr, and 2,4-D decreased alfalfa seed yield per plant compared wih nontreated plants, whereas in 2014, all four herbicides decreased alfalfa seed yield per plant 24 to 49% (by weight) compared with nontreated plants. The same trend was evident in 2012, but seed yield was variable and was not significantly different among treatments. Seed germination averaged 43, 50, and 72% in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, and was not affected by the four herbicides applied at early pod-fill stage. However, seeds harvested from plants treated with dicamba, 2,4-D, and triclopyr often produced deformed and abnormal seedlings, and when planted in soil, frequently failed to emerge. The combined effects of dicamba, 2,4-D, and triclopyr in reducing seed yield, seedling emergence, and seedling growth could contribute to managing feral alfalfa populations.
Image-based measurement of one-dimensional compressibility in cement-treated soils
Authors: Nishimura S. , Iwaki A. , Takashino S. , Tanaka H.
Published: June 2016

This paper reports an attempt to accurately quantify one-dimensional compressibility of stiff, cement-treated high-water-content clays by using a constant-rate-of-strain (CRS) oedometer equipped with an image-based strain measurement system. The errors in stiffness measurements due to imperfect specimen–platen bedding and apparatus compliances, significant factors when stiff soils are tested, were avoided by directly observing movements of the specimen's lateral surface over a transparent confining ring. The proposed system is meant to be practical, requiring only minimum alterations to existing CRS oedometers and a generally available mid-market digital camera. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by testing six cement-treated clay specimens with or without air-foam inclusions in one-dimensional compression and by comparing the obtained compression curves with those obtained by more conventional measuring systems. The image analysis always revealed significantly stiffer responses than observed by the conventional methods. Validity of the image-based stiffness determination at small strains was confirmed by generally good agreements of its derived stiffness values with those obtained from highly precise triaxial probes, which provided a full set of cross-anisotropic elastic parameters. Implications for field problems are discussed in relation to an offshore reclamation project, in which similar cement-treated high-water-content clays were extensively used for upper layers.
Relações de gênero e esposas atenienses: cenas de gineceu
Authors: De Souza Lessa Fábio , Moreira Guimarães Neto Edson
Published: June 2016

Nosso trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar os espaços em
que as esposas legítimas dos cidadãos atenienses atuavam ao longo do período clássico. Defendemos que a permeabilidade e a
flexibilidade desses espaços ultrapassavam em muitos sentidos aquilo que era pregado pelo discurso do modelo feminino ideal. Para comprovarmos essa hipótese, utilizaremos o constante diálogo entre a documentação escrita e a cerâmica ática de figuras vermelhas.
Conflito religioso e simbolismo arquitetônico na Antiguidade tardia: o ataque aos templos pagãos segundo Libânio de Antioquia
Authors: Ventura da Silva Gilvan
Published: June 2016

O processo de cristianização do Império Romano dependeu, em larga medida, de ações de enfrentamento dos cristãos contra os adeptos do paganismo e do judaísmo, cujos lugares e monumentos não apenas experimentaram um processo de dessacralização, mas foram amiúde alvo de saques e depredações. Nesse sentido, os ataques aos edifícios greco-romanos e judaicos, tanto em termos simbólicos quanto em termos materiais, foram uma das marcas distintivas da própria cristianização, que não raro comportou episódios de coerção e de violência contra indivíduos e artefatos, decerto, mas também contra lugares e monumentos. Tendo em vista essas considerações, pretendemos, neste artigo, investigar a maneira pela qual o assunto é tratado por Libânio na Oratio 30 (Pro templis), elaborada por volta de 386. Dirigindo-se a Teodósio, o sofista o exorta a adotar uma atitude de tolerância em matéria de religião e a preservar as instituições pagãs, em especial os templos de Antioquia, submetidos a assaltos rotineiros por parte
dos monges sírios.
Como os romanos lembravam, registravam, pensavam e usavam seu passado
Authors: Mehl Andreas
Published: June 2016

O saber acadêmico relativo à Antiguidade Clássica, com sua forte tradição filológica e literária, associa o registro histórico e a memória muito estreitamente, e por vezes de forma absoluta, à historiografia. Embora isso possa ser apenas um lado da questão, é impossível escrever sobre o tema deste volume, na medida em que se refere aos romanos, sem me deter sobremaneira em sua historiografia e algumas de suas peculiaridades. Minha análise é dividida em três seções, movendo-se da memória social e histórica fora da historiografia para a própria historiografia. A última seção, lidando com o próprio centro do pensamento histórico romano, é, de longe, o mais longo.
As redes sociais construídas pelos esparciatas na sissítia, do período clássico
Authors: Bantim de Assumpção Luis Filipe
Published: June 2016

Ao interagirmos com a documentação literária da Antiguidade
notamos que a pólis de Esparta foi representada como um referencial de equilíbrio, igualdade e coesão político-social. Nesse contexto, autores como Heródoto, Xenofonte e Plutarco destacaram que esta peculiaridade espartana teria sido o resultado dos esforços de seu mítico legislador, Licurgo. Para tanto, Licurgo teria estabelecido que os jovens aprendessem a se comportar como cidadãos (esparciata) ao observarem a conduta dos homens adultos durante as sissítia (sing. sissition). Todavia, esta teria sido uma representação promovida pelos
autores clássicos, de tal maneira que Esparta fosse tomada como um modelo de conduta político-social. Dessa maneira, objetivamos lançar um olhar alternativo a percepção historiográfica comum sobre as sissítia. Sendo assim, tomaremos o sissition como um ambiente de interação política, onde o esparciata construía e fortalecia as suas redes sociais, no intuito de obter benefícios e se diferenciarem no interior de sua pólis.
Uma leitura do prólogo do Sofista de Platão
Authors: De Aguiar Menezes Neto Nelson
Published: June 2016

O Sofista é um diálogo dramático. De modo semelhante a outros diálogos platônicos, a obra começa com a cena em ação, em discurso direto, dispensando o papel de um narrador e o uso de terceira pessoa. Provavelmente por conta de seu estilo, os passos iniciais da obra (216a a 218b) são comumente tomados como “prólogo”, sendo entendidos como uma introdução ao diálogo como um todo, cuja investigação filosófica propriamente dita se iniciaria apenas a partir do passo 218b, com a busca pela definição do sofista através do método das dicotomias. Fazendo referência às noções de “prólogo” e de “proêmio”, buscamos conferir aos passos iniciais do Sofista um sentido e uma função para além de uma mera introdução. Neles, não se apresenta apenas o projeto de enquadramento do sofista, como também se pode encontrar, de algum modo já esboçado, a sua própria definição. A proposta deste trabalho é desvencilhar-se de uma leitura en passant dos passos iniciais do Sofista, pretendendo uma interpretação que evidencie o seu caráter ao mesmo tempo literário e filosófico.
Tradução: Heroides de Ovídio, VII
Authors: De Faria da Silva Márcia Regina
Published: June 2016

A proposta do presente trabalho é elaborar a tradução da carta VII de Heroides de Publius Ouidius Naso. O poeta do séc. I a.C. foi considerado um dos elegíacos latinos, que, juntamente com Tibulo e Propércio, alçou a elegia latina à categoria de gênero literário autônomo, unificando-a numa temática amorosa, além de manter a forma grega em dísticos elegíacos. Heroides encontra-se nesse contexto e é uma coleção de cartas imaginárias escritas por personagens do mito ou da história, romanos ou gregos, para seus amados ou suas amadas ausentes. Na carta escolhida, Dido mostra toda a sua dor e angústia pela partida de Eneias e seu consequente abandono, além de expor sua paixão descontrolada pelo troiano que lhe custará a própria vida. Há a tentativa de manter, na tradução, a estrutura da língua latina da forma mais fiel possível.
Fedro come autore politico? Contestualizzazioni storiche della favola Le rane che chiedono un re
Authors: Guggenberger Rainer
Published: June 2016

Fedro modificou a fábula esópica As rãs que pleiteiam um rei, fazendo uma introdução e mudando a parte principal e o epimítio. Este artigo analisa a importância dessas mudanças e interpreta a versão de Fedro no contexto histórico-político.
Agón epistolar: o debate filosófico-teúrgico no livro I de Sobre os mistérios, de Jâmblico de Cálcis
Authors: Lemos de Lima Fernanda
Published: June 2016

No presente trabalho, busco perceber como se constitui
a disputatio entre os filósofos Porfírio e Jâmblico, ambos considerados pensadores neoplatônicos no livro I da obra Resposta do mestre Abamon à carta de Porfírio dirigida a Anebo e respostas às dúvidas nela expressas. Mais conhecido pelo título atribuído por Ficino, Sobre os mistérios, a obra é uma missiva imensa cuja autoria é imputada ao filósofo sírio Jâmblico de Cálcis, que traz a voz argumentativa de um certo mestre Abamon. Para tanto, procuro compreender o fato de Jâmblico construir uma personagem – o sacerdote egípcio – para responder às interpelações feitas indiretamente por Porfírio, ao questionar Anebo, um suposto discípulo de Abamon ou, na verdade, Jâmblico. Além disso, pretendo percorrer alguns argumentos do livro I de Sobre os mistérios, procurando observar os primeiros passos de sua construção argumentativa para o esclarecimento a respeito da teurgia, tendo como forma de apresentação a estrutura em perguntas e respostas, as erotapokríseis.
Eumênides de Ésquilo para audiências democráticas modernas
Authors: Hall Edith
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho examina a figura das Erínias em sua função na
tragédia Eumênides, de Ésquilo, terceira peça da trilogia Oresteia,
também composta por Agamêmnon e Coéforas. O tratamento dado à construção das Erínias nessa obra faz surgir significações referentes ao complexo contexto jurídico e político no qual se encontrava a cidade de Atenas. Este estudo traz ainda apontamentos sobre questões de encenação e revitalização da peça Eumênides nos dias atuais.
Resenha: Gilliam Clark, Late Antiquity. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.
Authors: A. Funari Pedro Paulo
Published: June 2016

Há algumas décadas, sequer havia o conceito de Antiguidade
Tardia, mas, hoje, parece ser um termo consagrado. Nem por isso, há acordo sobre sua delimitação, tema do primeiro capítulo do belo volume de Gilliam Clark, professora emérita de História Antiga da Universidade de Bristol. Esta é uma discussão intricada, tanto para o início, como para o fim do período. Alguns propõem que se inicia com a passagem da denominação do imperador romano para dominus (senhor), ante o princeps senatus (primeiro do senado) prevalecente até algum momento do final do séc. II d.C. Isto significa que o imperador Marco Aurélio (161-180) marcaria essa nova fase, mas outros preferem o início das guerras civis do séc. III ou mesmo ao
final do século ou mesmo com Constantino no séc. IV. Já para o final dessa época, há cerco consenso que seria por volta de 800, com coração de Carlos Magno e com o califado abássida em Bagdá. São, portanto, muitos séculos e que englobam diversos tipos de organizações políticas, tanto no Ocidente, como no Oriente. A vantagem desta nova periodização consiste em fugir da tradicional ênfase no Império Romano do Ocidente e no término dos imperadores ocidentais no séc. V. Mas, como qualquer periodização, é arbitrária e relativa.
Olímpica 9: louvação a Efarmosto e o mito do dilúvio
Authors: Onelley Glória Braga
Published: June 2016

Píndaro (518-438 a.C.), poeta que se notabilizou como cultor de epinícios – cantos triunfais compostos, em geral, em honra dos vencedores das principais competições pan-helênicas –, celebrou na ode Olímpica 9, composta em 466 a.C., a vitória de Efarmosto de Opunte, na luta, por ocasião da 78a Olimpíada realizada em 468 a.C. Nessa ode, privilegia-se o mito do dilúvio, cujos protagonistas são Deucalião e Pirra, ancestrais míticos dos Lócrios de Opunte, cidade do laureado. Esse epinício foi cantado durante o cortejo processional que se dirigiu ao santuário de Ájax, herói cultuado em Opunte.
Nyttige og mindre nyttige lærerkommentarer – slik elevene ser det
Authors: Bueie Agnete Andersen
Published: June 2016

Når elever skriver tekster i norskfaget, får de ofte skriftlige tilbakemeldinger fra norsklærer. Responsforskning viser at elevene i stor grad leser og verdsetter slike tilbakemeldinger, men at noen typer tilbakemeldinger er til større hjelp enn andre. Denne artikkelen presenterer en studie som undersøker hvilke lærerkommentarer elever på ungdomstrinnet finner nyttige og mindre nyttige. Det empiriske materialet består av en spørreundersøkelse besvart av 159 elever fra 10.trinn i norsk ungdomsskole på grunnlag av en spesielt tilrettelagt tilbakemeldingssituasjon. Resultatene av spørreundersøkelsen viser at elevene foretrekker lærerkommentarer på globale tekstnivå og kommentarer som er spesifikke med klart formulert hva eleven bør gjøre og hvorfor. Elevene setter pris på ros, men også kritiske kommentarer vurderes som nyttige. Resultatene drøftes med bakgrunn i tidligere forskning på området.
English abstract
Useful and Less Useful Comments – From the Student's Perspective
Even though there is a general consensus that feedback is an important part of the learning process, there is little research on pupils’ perceptions of feedback. This includes, for instance, what type of feedback students find useful. This article presents a study that investigates pupils in Norwegian lower secondary schools’ perceptions about teacher comments on a writing sample. Data consist of a survey answered by 159 pupils from 10th grade, based on a specifically adapted feedback situation. The results of the survey show that students prefer teacher comments which are on a global text level (such as content, ideas and genre), that are specific and which clearly formulate what the student should do and why. Students appreciate praise, but also consider critical comments useful. The results are compared with results from previous studies.
Feminización de la Universidad de Granada en el último cuarto del siglo XX: el acceso del profesorado
Authors: Muñoz Muñoz Ana María
Published: June 2016

A partir de un análisis cuantitativo, se estudia el acceso y la situación profesional del

profesorado, varones y mujeres, en la Universidad de Granada durante el período 1975- 1990 con el objeto de conocer su incorporación por años, cómo se distribuyen en las áreas de conocimiento y en qué áreas de conocimiento desarrollan su trabajo. El período de tiempo elegido se enmarca en la transición española (1975-1982), entendiendo por ésta el cambio que da lugar a libertades políticas, sociales y culturales, a nuevas formas de pensar y expresarse negadas y/o practicadas de manera clandestina durante la dictadura.

 
El modelo de mujer que no queremos ser
Authors: López Rodríguez Marta Sofía
Published: June 2016

Con ocasión de la reciente celebración del Día Internacional de la Mujer (Trabajadora), la Consejería de Asuntos sociales del Cabildo Insular de Fuerteventura me invitó a pronunciar una conferencia que habría de tener por marco general “la imagen de la mujer en los medios de comunicación.” Dada la extraordinaria amplitud de
este tema, elegí acotarlo al análisis de la imagen de “mujer ideal” propuesta por tres de las publicaciones más populares de entre las destinadas a mujeres de entre los dieciocho y los cuarenta años, a saber, los números de Febrero de 2006 de Ragazza y Glamour, y el número de Marzo de Cosmopolitan. Las claves para este análisis me las proporcionó una reciente publicación de la Asociación de Mujeres Jóvenes Asturianas y el Instituto Asturiano de la Mujer titulada Mujeres de Portada, un estudio exhaustivo y
sumamente revelador sobre las revistas juveniles desde la perspectiva de género. Con esa referencia teórica, elaboré una presentación en Power Point titulada “Espejito, espejito. Imágenes de mujer en las revistas para jóvenes,” basada fundamentalmente en un comentario en clave de ironía acerca de fotografías y textos extraídos de las revistas en cuestión. Este es un intento de poner en palabras lo que esas imágenes nos cuentan acerca de las mujeres… que NO queremos ser.
La sensibilización social ante la violencia de género
Authors: Ojeda Monroy Pioquinto Ricardo
Published: June 2016

Para abordar el tema de la violencia de género es preciso en primera instancia partir de una definición: “Todo acto o amenaza que tenga como consecuencia o posibilidades de tener como consecuencia perjuicio y/o sufrimiento en la salud física, sexual o psicológica de la mujer” (Consejo Económico y Social de la ONU en 1992). Resulta imprescindible aproximarse a las causas que la originan y a la lógica para enfrentársele. La violencia de género que presenta como agentes agresores a los varones se
fundamenta en el proceso de socialización que prepara a los hombres desde su infancia para ejercer un modelo de dominación (como presunta expresión única de su
masculinidad) en contra de las mujeres. Precisamente al transgredirse este esquema de control, el hombre violento desencadena la agresión, a manera de un intento
desesperado por reafirmar y recuperar ese control que escapa de sus manos. Aún subsiste en calidad de hipótesis la consideración de la misoginia como un elemento
contributivo al respecto, pero para la educación sexista (como base para la violencia de género) las certezas son incuestionables
THE CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY OF VISITING SHEIKH YUSUF TOMB TRADITION IN KOBBANG GOWA-SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Syukur Syamzan
Published: June 2016

The findings of this paper show that the ritual tradition of visiting the tomb of Sheikh Yusuf in Kobbang from time to time amended. It was initially a strong ritual primarily influenced by the nuances of heresy, but on its further development the influence fades due to the efforts of Islamic preachers. The general motivation of the pilgrims is hoping the livelihood they can acquire, such as finding mates, sustenance, offspring, health and inner tranquility. Yet, some are visiting the tomb to appreciate the scholars or heroes or just for sightseeing. In the context of developing society, this tradition seems to be persisted as Sheikh Yusuf is regarded as having karomah, a guardian, scholars and a hero. His personality is considered to bring blessing to the pilgrims. Therefore, for most modern societies this tradition remains alive and serves as one alternative to find peace and cure severe diseases.

Temuan tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa ritual tradisi ziarah makam Syekh Yusuf di Kobbang dari waktu ke waktu mengalami perubahan. Pada awalnya masih ditemukan ritual yang kental dengan nuansa bid’ah tapi pada perkembangan lebih lanjut nuansa bid’ahnya mulai terkikis berkat usaha para da’i Islam. Motivasi yang melatarbelakangi para peziarah pada umumnya agar hajat mereka dapat terpenuhi, seperti hajat mendapatkan jodoh, keturunan, rezeki, kesehatan dan ketenangan batin. Tetapi ada pula yang berziarah ke makam Syekh Yusuf karena motivasi menghargai ulama atau pahlawan atau sekedar berwisata. Dalam konteks masyarakat yang terus mengalami perkembangan, nampaknya tradisi ini tetap bertahan, karena Syekh Yusuf dianggap sebagai seorang yang memiliki karomah, seorang wali, ulama dan seorang pahlawan. Kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh Syekh Yusuf dianggap akan mendatangkan berkah bagi para peziarah. Karena itu, bagi sebagian masyarakat modern, tradisi ini tetap hidup dan dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif mencari ketenangan batin dan menyembuhkan penyakit yang tidak terjangkau oleh medis.
La complejidad de traducir la simplicidad de Hemingway: patrones quiásticos en The Sun Also Rises
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ PAZOS Gabriel
Published: June 2016

En dos artículos publicados en el North Dakota Quarterly en dos años consecutivos, Max Nänny (1997, 1998) analiza lo que él denomina “patrones quiásticos” de repetición y sus funciones narrativas, en una serie de cuentos escritos por Ernest Hemingway. Nänny observa que hay un cierto paralelismo entre el uso de patrones quiásticos en el nivel subnarrativo de la sintaxis y la cohesión, por un lado, y la tendencia a utilizar un esquema similar a nivel narrativo, por otro. Distingue las siguientes funciones, que ilustra con pasajes tomados de los cuentos de Hemingway: 1) movimiento hacia adelante y hacia atrás, 2) oposición, simetría y equilibrio, 3) encuadre, 4) centrado. Existen casos muy obvios de repetición quiástica en The Sun Also Rises que, sin duda, tienen una función icónica de centrado. El presente artículo analiza tres casos de patrones quiásticos en esta novela y los compara con los correspondientes pasajes de las traducciones al español de The Sun Also Rises que se han publicado hasta la fecha: Guarnido-Hausner (1944), Solá (1979), Adsuar (1983), Martínez-Lage (2002), y Adsuar-Hamad (2003).
La traducción orientada a la acción: distinciones entre lo cortés y lo político
Authors: CARRANZA MÁRQUEZ Aurelia
Published: June 2016

La equivalencia, la fluidez y la compensación son fundamentales en la traducción pues le aportan un dinamismo similar a la que implican los eventos comunicativos de origen de los que se parte. En este trabajo nos vamos a centrar en la importancia de la comunión entre los enfoques retórico y funcional pues son primordiales a la hora de poder discernir entre lo que se espera en un contexto determinado (lo político) y lo que va más allá de lo esperado (lo cortés) (Watts 2003). En nuestro caso en particular, a la hora de trabajar con ejemplos prácticos, nos hemos decantado por el discurso político, pues se desarrolla en un foro en el que, por un lado, hay una serie de normas lingüísticas que están institucionalizadas, y por otro, los participantes tienen una serie de objetivos a cumplir a través de la argumentación. Los factores contextuales y socioculturales serán nuestro hilo conductor en este trabajo pues son indispensables a la hora de mantener los “efectos” originales del texto de origen (Harvey, 1995).
«Nase hoch beim Übersetzen»: Notas acerca de la traducción literaria alemán-español
Authors: BALBUENA TOREZANO María del Carmen
Published: June 2016

El presente trabajo analiza las principales premisas traductológicas propuestas por la traductora ucraniana Swetlana Geier, quien tradujo las cinco grandes obras de Dostojewskij al alemán. La labor del traductor literario, esencialmente compleja, tanto como lo son los textos de partida a los que se enfrenta, se ve reflejada a lo largo del estudio presentado en estas páginas, que aborda la traducción al español de textos líricos y dramáticos alemanes.
La interpretación judicial: dificultades de la traducción oral de las sentencias del español al inglés
Authors: PÉREZ GUARNIERI Verónica
Published: June 2016

En este trabajo se abordan las dificultades a las que se enfrentan los intérpretes jurados que deben actuar en fueros donde se impone la oralidad. De ésta, la más omnipresente y, quizás, la más difícil de afrontar es la velocidad a la que hablan o leen los magistrados y otros funcionarios del Poder Judicial. Se trata de establecer las ventajas de contar con el texto de referencia por adelantado para prepararlo, lo que impacta positivamente en la calidad de la traducción oral. El fin último es encontrar técnicas utilizadas en la formación de intérpretes que pudieran auxiliar al intérprete jurado cuando. Para ellos se han tomado muestras de traducción oral del mismo texto en diferentes circunstancias.
Los sonetos de Mary Sidney Wroth: de la vida a la obra
Authors: TORRALBO CABALLERO Juan D. D.
Published: June 2016

Trabajo que se ocupa de la figura de Mary Sidney Wroth, perteneciente a un linaje literario famoso en el Renacimiento inglés y cuyos sonetos, basados en su propia biografía, se revelan como uno de los primeros poemarios publicados por una mujer.
“After Blenheim” y “The Inchcape Rock” de Robert Southey: la balada como expresión moral e ideológica
Authors: RIVAS CARMONA M. del Mar
Published: June 2016

La calidad literaria de los escritos en prosa de Robert Southey es incuestionable. Destacan especialmente por la sencillez y claridad de la expresión formal. Sin embargo, también estas características se convierten en rasgo esencial en sus composiciones en verso, en especial en baladas tan populares como “After Blenheim” y “The Inchcape Rock”. En estas dos composiciones, en concreto, dichas características no sólo suponen una calidad estética, sino también un instrumento eficaz para la transmisión de mensajes de extrema importancia. El autor se vale de la aparentemente paradójica o contradictoria elección de un léxico y una sintaxis muy simples para expresar verdades trascendentes y que “deberían” ser igual de claras y evidentes para todos: los que hacen las guerras no son héroes; más tarde o más temprano la maldad encuentra su merecido.
La melancolía elegíaca de finales del XVIII en Francia
Authors: GARCÍA PEINADO Miguel A.
Published: June 2016

Trabajo que se ocupa de diseccionar la poesía surgida en Francia ya avanzada la segunda mitad del XVIII, y que en bastantes casos es un precedente de la posterior poesía romántica, sobre todo de Lamartine. El autor de Méditations poétiques copiará temas y situaciones de estos poetas “prerrománticos” franceses, cuyos poemarios desarrollan distintas variedades de la melancolía y sus efectos, desde la “douce mélancolie” de Chamfort a la melancolía del sufrimiento de Millevoye, pasando por las distintas sensibilidades melancólicas de Gilbert, Parny y Legouvé.
La influencia de Albert Einstein y la Física Cuántica en la narrativa de Kurt Vonnegut
Authors: MARTÍN PÁRRAGA Javier
Published: June 2016

En el presente trabajo se analiza la profunda influencia que las teorías científicas de Albert Einstein y alguno de sus discípulos y colaboradores más cercanos ejerce en la narrativa del novelista norteamericano de origen alemán Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007). Para llevar a cabo el objetivo propuesto, en primer lugar se explora el papel de Einstein como revolucionario cultural, centránsose en su repercusión en el campo de las letras norteamericanas. Una vez llevada a cabo esta tarea, preliminiar pero indispensable, el artículo rastrea las referencias al científico suizo en el corpus de Vonnegut, así como los numerosos momentos en que postulados teóricos provenientes de la física cuántica sirven para sustentar hilos o motivos argumentales dentro del mismo.
Assessing the suitability of sediment-type bioelectrochemical systems for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater: a column study
Authors: Khalfbadam Hassan Mohammadi , Cheng Ka Yu , Sarukkalige Ranjan , Kayaalp Ahmet S. , Ginige Maneesha P.
Published: June 2016

This study examines the use of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) as an alternative to rock filters for polishing wastewater stabilisation ponds (WSPs) effluent, which often contains soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and suspended solids mainly as algal biomass. A filter type sediment BES configuration with graphite granules (as the surrogate for rocks in a rock filter) was examined. Three reactor columns were set up to examine three different treatments: (i) open-circuit without current generation; (ii) close-circuit – with current generation; and (iii) control reactor without electrode material. All columns were continuously operated for 170 days with real municipal wastewater at a hydraulic retention time of 5 days. Compared to the control reactor, the two experimental reactors showed significant improvement of SCOD removal (from approximately 25% to 66%) possibly due to retention of biomass on the graphite media. However, substantial amount of SCOD (60%) was removed via non-current generation pathways, and a very low Coulombic efficiency (6%) was recorded due to a poor cathodic oxygen reduction kinetics and a large electrode spacing. Addressing these challenges are imperative to further develop BES technology for WSP effluent treatment.
COD removal efficiency and mechanism of HMBR in high volumetric loading for ship domestic sewage treatment
Authors: Zhu Linan , He Hailing , Wang Chunli
Published: June 2016

The hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been applied in ship domestic sewage treatment under high volumetric loading for ship space saving. The mechanism and influence factors on the efficiency, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. The HMBR's average COD removal rate was up to 95.13% on volumetric loading of 2.4 kgCOD/(m3•d) and the COD concentration in the effluent was 48.5 mg/L, far below the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of 125 mg/L. DO had a more remarkable effect on the COD removal efficiency than HRT. In addition, HMBR revealed an excellent capability of resisting organics loading impact. Within the range of volumetric loading of 0.72 to 4.8 kg COD/(m3•d), the effluent COD concentration satisfied the discharge requirement of IMO. It was found that the organics degradation in the aeration tank followed the first-order reaction, with obtained kinetic parameters of vmax (2.79 d−1) and Ks (395 mg/L). The original finding of this study had shown the effectiveness of HMBR in organic contaminant degradation at high substrate concentration, which can be used as guidance in the full scale of the design, operation and maintenance of ship domestic sewage treatment devices.
Intestinal Calcium Absorption among Hypercalciuric Patients with or without Calcium Kidney Stones
Authors: Vezzoli Giuseppe , Macrina Lorenza , Rubinacci Alessandro , Spotti Donatella , Arcidiacono Teresa
Published: June 2016

Background and objectives

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a frequent defect in calcium kidney stone formers that is associated with high intestinal calcium absorption and osteopenia. Characteristics distinguishing hypercalciuric stone formers from hypercalciuric patients without kidney stone history (HNSFs) are unknown and were explored in our study.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We compared 172 hypercalciuric stone formers with 36 HNSFs retrospectively selected from patients referred to outpatient clinics of the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan from 1998 to 2003. Calcium metabolism and lumbar bone mineral density were analyzed in these patients. A strontium oral load test was performed: strontium was measured in 240-minute urine and serum 30, 60, and 240 minutes after strontium ingestion; serum strontium concentration-time curve and renal strontium clearance were evaluated to estimate absorption and excretion of divalent cations.

Results

Serum strontium concentration-time curve (P<0.001) and strontium clearance (4.9±1.3 versus 3.5±2.7 ml/min; P<0.001) were higher in hypercalciuric stone formers than HNSFs, respectively. The serum strontium-time curve was also higher in hypercalciuric stone formers with low bone mineral density (n=42) than in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (n=130; P=0.03) and HNSFs with low (n=22; P=0.01) or normal bone mineral density (n=14; P=0.02). Strontium clearance was greater in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (5.3±3.4 ml/min) than in hypercalciuric stone formers and HNSFs with low bone mineral density (3.6±2.5 and 3.1±2.5 ml/min, respectively; P=0.03). Multivariate regression analyses displayed that strontium absorption at 30 minutes was positively associated calcium excretion (P=0.03) and negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density z score (P=0.001) in hypercalciuric stone formers; furthermore, hypercalciuric patients in the highest quartile of strontium absorption had increased stone production risk (odds ratio, 5.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 20.9; P=0.03).

Conclusions

High calcium absorption in duodenum and jejunum may expose hypercalciuric patients to the risk of stones because of increased postprandial calcium concentrations in urine and tubular fluid. High calcium absorption may identify patients at risk of bone loss among stone formers.
Stimulation of Individual Creativity in Electronic Brainstorming: Cognitive and Social Aspects
Authors: Yagolkovskiy Sergey R.
Published: June 2016

I examined the extent to which idea exchange in an electronic brainstorming session stimulates individual creativity. The influence of idea exchange on particular parameters of creativity was assessed in an idea exposure paradigm. Characteristics of stimuli were manipulated by presenting
common, rare, and absurd ideas to 144 high school undergraduate participants. I assessed fluency, flexibility, and originality parameters of creativity using the Russian version of the Alternate Uses test. The results revealed a significant effect of stimulus type on originality, and showed
that rare stimulus ideas had a positive influence on originality.