bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Методология расчета финансово-экономической безопасности регионов
Authors: Борщ Людмила Михайловна , Герасимова Светлана Васильевна
Published: November 2018

Статья посвящена исследованию научно-практической проблемы финансово-экономической безопасности, обеспечивающей устойчивое сбалансированное финансовое развитие региона, что обосновывает необходимость его достижения при эффективном использовании имеющихся ресурсов. Цель статьи заключается в выявлении и снижении уровня финансово-экономической безопасности регионов. Для достижения цели выполнены следующие задачи: усовершенствованы теоретико-методологические и прикладные основы, предложены методы и инструменты, сформирован механизм управления финансово-экономической безопасностью региона. Дано авторское понимание финансово-экономической безопасности как экономической категории. Раскрыты уровни финансово-экономической безопасности региона на примере хозяйствующего субъекта Российской Федерации Республики Крым. Применялась методология диалектического метода научного познания; системный и структурный методы применялись во время анализа сущности финансово-экономической безопасности, позволяющие разработать принципы управления.
Научная новизна заключается в методологии расчета финансово-экономической безопасности, применении комплексного подхода, определении и снижении уровня угроз, разработке механизма, применяя методы и инструменты. Данные исследования позволили сделать комплексную оценку степени влияния внешних и внутренних факторов на уровень финансово-экономической безопасности региона для обеспечения эффективных управленческих решений. Выявлены принципиальные отличия теоретической аргументации и определены основные взаимосвязи и взаимозависимости финансовых, социально-экономических институтов, которые сопровождают развитие финансово-экономической системы и обеспечивают механизм ее функционирования.
Практическое значение исследования заключается в применении комплексной методологии финансово-экономической безопасности развития региона, выявлении и оценке уровня угроз, применении инструментов, усовершенствовании механизмов управления, применяя гибкость и маневренность.
Структурные изменения в рыбохозяйственном комплексе Приморского края
Authors: Шмидт Юрий Давыдович , Пташкина Екатерина Сергеевна
Published: November 2018

Структура любой экономической системы оказывает существенное влияние на результативность ее функционирования. Рыбохозяйственный комплекс Приморского края имеет важное значение в обеспечении населения края и других регионов страны рыбной продукцией. Структурные изменения в комплексе связаны как с реформированием экономики страны, так и воздействием многих других факторов. Темпы изменения структуры комплекса характеризуют интенсивность трансформационных воздействий и перспективы развития комплекса. В данной статье исследуются структурные сдвиги в основных составляющих производственной структуры рыбохозяйственного комплекса Приморского края, предложена методика количественной оценки величины структурных сдвигов в рыбной промышленности региона, приводятся результаты ее апробации на примере рыбохозяйственного комплекса Приморского края.
Управление системной оценкой качества
Authors: Галкина Елена Валерьевна
Published: November 2018

В специализированных изданиях, посвященных проблемам управления, оценка качества рассматривается с точки зрения решения узких профильных вопросов. Методики оценки качества адаптированы к решению конкретного вопроса в определенной области деятельности, отрасли экономики. Целью данной статьи является разработка обобщенного, системного алгоритма для оценки качества с экономической точки зрения. В статье обобщены подходы к управлению оценкой качества на основе принципа системности и универсальности. Предложена модель формализованной оценки качества. Показана взаимосвязь оценки качества и ценообразования товаров. В процессе формирования модели выделены критерии (параметры) качества, условия признания объекта качественным, рассмотрены этапы формализации модели оценки качества. Методика доведена до уровня математической экономико-ориентированной модели. Алгоритм оценки включает последовательность шагов по выбору критериев, параметров, измерению значений признаков качества, их приведению к единой шкале, определение сводной оценки качества (на основе модели с весами или модели без весов), а также корректировки цены объекта. Адаптация модели производится за счет свободы выбора критериев, параметров, способов их оценки, эталонных значений, весов критериев. Внедрение модели оценки не снимает с управляющих ответственность за принятое в результате оценки качества решение, а предоставляет инструментарий для обоснования выбора варианта решения. Выбор и практическое воплощение управленческого воздействия по результатам оценки качества принимают лица, ответственные за последствия такого решения. Представленные подходы и модель приемлема для решения управленческих вопросов в разных сферах деятельности.
Оценка экспортного потенциала топливно-энергетических ресурсов
Authors: Темукуев Тимур Борисович
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматривается вариант энергетической оценки экспортного потенциала топливно-энергетических ресурсов (ТЭР) при сложившейся товарной структуре экспорта и импорта в России, когда 60,37% экспорта составляют минеральные продукты, а 45,62% импорта – машины, оборудование и транспортные средства. Экспортная выручка от каменного угля и нефти определяется как произведение цены на их общую массу, а для природного газа – как произведение его цены на общий экспортируемый объем. На средства, полученные от продажи ТЭР, импортируется определенное количество различных товаров. При учете полных энергетических затрат может оказаться, что некоторые товары выгоднее производить в стране, чем экспортировать ТЭР для их покупки. Для определения этого, необходимо произвести энергетическую оценку проекта, то есть определить, сколько энергии будет израсходовано на производство аналога импортного товара. Количество израсходованного топлива за расчетный период вычисляется путем деления суммарной затраченной энергии на низшую теплоту сгорания используемого топлива. Затем определяется сумма валютной выручки, которую можно получить при ее экспорте. Если на вырученные средства можно приобрести иностранного товара больше, чем планируется выпускать на предприятии его аналога, то с энергетической точки зрения не оправдается строительство предприятия в стране. Таким же методом можно решить обратную задачу, выяснив, какие отечественные товары не следует выпускать, перейти на закупку их иностранных аналогов. Это будет оправдано в том случае, если на экспортную выручку, от реализованных ТЭР, можно будет приобрести значительно больше аналогичного товара, чем на отечественном предприятии.
Статья может представлять интерес для специалистов, занимающихся энергетическим обоснованием целесообразности экспорта и импортом различных товаров.
Использование редевелопмента для повышения эффективности использования объектов коммерческой недвижимости: российский опыт
Authors: Джавадов Теймур Мансурович
Published: November 2018

Разрастание городских агломераций, пассивность российских законодателей в регулировании редевелопмента в сочетании с особой уязвимостью, высокой капиталоемкостью, длительным сроком реализации, территориальной привязанности инвестиционно-строительных проектов свидетельствует об актуальности выбранной проблематики исследования. Редевелопмент как управленческая технология позволяет повысить динамичность и гибкость управления объектами коммерческой недвижимости, их экономическую и социальную эффективность в целях обеспечения необходимого уровня доходности и качества реализации проекта в соответствии с общими принципами развития территорий. Статья посвящена российскому опыту реализации редевелоперских проектов в контексте так называемого «мажоритарного» принципа, предусматривающего оценку возможностей к достижению компромисса с большинством собственников, владельцев и пользователей объектов коммерческой недвижимости с учетом градостроительных планов и общей концепции развития городских территорий, на которых они расположены. Определяются основные функциональные направления редевелопмента промышленных объектов и зон в России.
Critical realist approaches to global learning: A focus on education for sustainability
Authors: Khazem Dima
Published: November 2018

Critical realism offers a useful epistemology and ontology for conceptualizing theoretical and methodological considerations in global learning and may help to bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide that plagues social science. This article elaborates critical realist principles,
concepts and methodologies to explain how they can be employed within global learning, with examples from education for sustainability.
Physiotherapy Students’ Experiences of Role-Emerging Placements: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   University of Worcester, UK, Kyte Rachel , Frank Helen ,   University of Worcester, UK, Thomas Yvonne ,   University of Worcester, UK
Published: November 2018

Role-emerging placements (REPs) have been firmly embedded in undergraduate occupational therapy curricula for a number of years. REPs aim to facilitate the development of essential professional skills to prepare students for an increasingly diverse and evolving workplace. In the United Kingdom, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) has also emphasized the importance of adequately preparing graduates for new and emerging areas of practice. To date, however, there has been no published research exploring the use of REPs in physiotherapy. This study aimed to explore the experiences of undergraduate physiotherapy students who had each undertaken a REP. Six participants volunteered to take part in a focus group which used a research informed semi-structured topic guide. Group discussions were digitally recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the data revealed five main themes: (1) Establishing a Physiotherapy Role Independently; (2) Finding a Voice and Influencing Change; (3) Developing Professional Identity; (4) Professional Development and (5) Support. The findings highlighted the variability of student experiences in REP settings, both positive and negative. However, all appeared to result in professional and personal benefits for the students, through promoting graduate attributes and skills that may be attractive to employers.
Control de la Administración pública federal mexicana: la ruptura de la legalidad frente a las cargas públicas
Authors: Cambero Quezada Guillermo
Published: November 2018

El Estado mexicano compromete su buen actuar cuando en la construcción de una obra o en la prestación de un servicio emplea medios que colocan a los particulares, ya sea en su persona o en su patrimonio, en una situación de “riesgo de naturaleza excepcional”. La presente investigación muestra cómo estas circunstancias, dada su gravedad, exceden ampliamente las cargas que deben soportar los administrados como contrapartida de los beneficios que se derivan de la ejecución de una obra pública o de la prestación de un servicio. En esta situación, que se conoce como el principio de ruptura de igualdad de los ciudadanos ante la ley y las cargas públicas, la Administración no puede eludir su responsabilidad probando que no tiene culpa.
El derecho a obtener autorización para residir en España de un extranjero con antecedentes penales que tiene a su cargo hijos menores ciudadanos de la Unión
Authors: Cruz Luna Ángela
Published: November 2018

El derecho a circular y residir libremente en el territorio de la Unión, por interpretación de Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, se ha extendido a los familiares de los ciudadanos europeos. De esta manera, el Tribunal Supremo español reconoció el derecho de residencia, sin importar que los familiares tuvieran nacionalidades de países que no son miembros de la Unión. El objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, conocer el desarrollo de la jurisprudencia del TJUE en materia relativa a los derechos de los ciudadanos de la Unión y de los miembros de su familia a circular y residir libremente en el territorio de los Estados miembros cuando el familiar extranjero cuente con antecedentes penales y, por otro lado, analizar el efecto que las sentencias de 13 del septiembre de 2016, Rendón Marín, as. C-165/14 del TJUE y del 10 de enero de 2017 del Tribunal Supremo español han tenido sobre las actuaciones de la Administración pública nacional. Lo estudiado en este artículo se centra en la situación particular de un extranjero que cuenta con antecedentes penales.
Laparoscopic interventions in the pancreas: an 11-year experience of a specialized center
Authors: Khatkov I. E. , Tsvirkun V. V. , Izrailov R. E. , Vasnev O. S. , Tyutyunnik P. S. , Mikhnevich M. V. , Baychorov M. E. , Andrianov A. V.
Published: November 2018

Introduction:Due to anatomical and functional specifics of the pancreas, its surgery emerged somewhat later than that of other areas of abdominal surgery, i.e. in the last 25 to 30 years of the last century. Minimally invasive laparoscopic interventions on the pancreas are still used insufficiently.

Aim: To evaluate an 11-year experience of various laparoscopic interventions in the pancreas accumulated by one surgical team.

Materials and methods:From November 2007 to May 2018, 371 patients (153 male and 218 female) underwent various laparoscopic pancreatic procedures for cancers of the biliopancreatoduodenal zone (n = 260), benign pancreatic tumors (n = 37), and chronic pancreatitis (n = 74). We performed 245 laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenal resections, 52  laparoscopic distal resections (LDR), 35  laparoscopic Frey procedures (FP), 18  laparoscopic total duodenopancreatectomies, 8  laparoscopic longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomies (LLPJ), 8 laparoscopic cystoenterostomies (LCE), 3 enucleations, and 2 Beger procedures (BP).

Results:Laparoscopic gastropancreatoduodenal resection was performed in 197 (80.4%) cases and pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenal resection in 48 (19.6%) cases. The duration of the procedures was 412 ± 101  minutes, with blood loss volume of 220 ± 152 ml, and postoperative hospital stay of 19 ± 9 days. LDR was done laparoscopically in 50 (96.2%) patients; its duration was 228 ± 74 minutes, blood loss 40 ± 50  ml, and postoperative hospital stay 8 ± 5 days. FP, LLPJ, BP, and LCE were performed laparoscopically in 53  (93%) cases. FP lasted for 436 ± 95, LLPJ for 406 ± 82, BP for 585 ± 134, and LCE for 327 ± 90 minutes. The respective volumes of blood loos were 227 ± 217 mL in FP, 150 ± 156 mL in LLPJ, 175 ± 106 mL in BP, and 60 ± 90 mL in LCE. The postoperative hospital stay lasted for 8 ± 4 days after FP, 9 ± 7 days after LLPJ, 4.5 ± 0.7 days after BP, and 10 ± 9 days after LCE.

Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery of the pancreas is associated with minimal blood loss, absence of wound infection, and more rapid patient activation and rehabilitation. Compliance with the necessary requirements to implementation of laparoscopic technologies in high-volume centers should improve surgical results.
Technique of the laparoscopic pelvic exenteration
Authors: Galliamov E. A. , Biktimirov R. G. , Sergeev V. P. , Aminova L. N. , Sanzharov A. E. , Agapov M. A. , Volodin D. I. , Gallyamov Е. E. , Gololobov G. Yu.
Published: November 2018

Background: Laparoscopic surgery has proved itself to be a “golden standard” for treatment of most abdominal and retroperitoneal cancers. Such a serious procedure as pelvic exenteration continues to be a complex surgical intervention usually performed through a  conventional laparotomic access. However, studies on minimally invasive approach for this intervention have becoming increasingly published in the world literature.

Aim: To describe the laparoscopic pelvic exenteration technique of pelvic exenteration, as well as to assess short- and long-term results of these interventions.

Materials and methods: From 2011 to 2018, 21 procedures of laparoscopic pelvic exenteration have been performed in 6  surgical centers (Moscow, Russia). Six (6) patients had previously confirmed cervical cancer, 7 patients had bladder cancer, 4 patients had rectal cancer, 1 patient had vaginal cancer, 2 patients had relapsing vaginal cancers after previous uterine extirpation, and 1 patient had an ovarian neoplasm.

Results: The laparoscopic pelvic exenteration volumes were as follows: 9  total, 7 anterior and 5 posterior procedures. In 19 out of 21 cases, negative resection margin (R0) was possible. Median duration of the procedure was 254 minutes, median blood loss was 515 ml, and median postoperative hospital stay was 13 days. Postoperative complications were registered in 6 (28.6%) patients. The 3-year overall survival was 85.71%.

Сonclusion: The choice of laparoscopic access can reduce blood loss, decrease the rates of early postoperative complications, contributes to a more comfortable postoperative period with early activation and less severe pain syndrome, and leads to a reduction in the duration of hospital stay. These results of the laparoscopic technique are comparable with those of laparoscopic and open pelvic exenteration published by other authors.
The use and evaluation of prevention methods to reduce inflammatory and diffuse septic complications in patients undergoing pancreatic resection
Authors: Korobka V. L. , Korobka R. V. , Shapovalov A. M.
Published: November 2018

Background:Surgery for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic neoplasms is associated with a  risk of acute destructive pancreatitis and pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage in the early postoperative period. Despite the availability of multiple surgical and pharmaceutical approaches to prevent these complications, they continue to be associated with high mortality.

Aim:To evaluate the efficacy of the clinical use of our original preventive methods of postoperative pancreatitis and diffuse inflammatory and septic complications in patients undergoing pancreatic resection due to its benign and malignant diseases.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 524  patients following pancreatic resection. All patients underwent pancreatic surgery in the Rostov Regional Clinical Hospital (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) from February 2005 to April 2018 for the following indications: complicated chronic pancreatitis in 221 patient, pancreatic and major duodenal papilla tumors in 303 patients. Organ-preserving procedures were performed in 250 patients, and radical extended resections of the pancreas in 274  patients. In 489  patients, the procedures were finalized with the formation of anastomosis between the pancreatic duct and jejunum. In 373  patients, the reconstruction step included enterostomal drainage of the pancreatic duct. To prevent acute postoperative pancreatitis and diffuse septic and inflammatory complications, in 298 patients we used our original techniques, while 226 patients underwent conventional procedures.

Results:Among 226  patients, who had underwent conventional procedures, the complications occurred in 75 (33.19%), with septic complications in 29.33% (22 patients). Of 298 patients, in whom any of the original prevention techniques had been used, the complications were seen in 67 (22.48%), with septic complications in 13.43% (9 patients). Seventeen (17, or 11.97%  of the total number) patients had to be re-operated, with 15 (6.64%) having been initially operated without additional preventive measures, and 2 (0.67%) with the use of the original prevention techniques. Overall postoperative mortality was 2.48%. The causes of death were: peritonitis in 4 patients, arrosive bleeding from visceral arteries in 4, bleeding from pancreatic head stump into the omental sac in 2, bleeding at the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis in 1, and cardiac disorders in 2.

Conclusion:The study results have shown that the use of techniques to prevent the spread of inflammation and septic in the abdominal cavity and decreasing the rates of postoperative necrotic pancreatitis in pancreatic resections allows for a reduction of these complications and related mortality.
Guided Imagery as a Resource to Decrease Test Anxiety
Authors: Grammatica Gail
Published: November 2018

A pre-exam guided imagery intervention was implemented with 49 senior baccalaureate nursing students to address test anxiety. The intervention consisted of listening to a 10-minute recorded audio guided imagery exercise. Self-reported anxiety levels were measured using a Likert scale pre- and post-guided imagery. Most students demonstrated a reduction in test anxiety postintervention.
From the Archive—A Brief Compendium of Curious and Peculiar Aspects of Nursing Resource Management
Authors: Manthey Marie
Published: November 2018

The compendium of extraordinary operational skills required, the lack of recognition about the exact nature of nursing work, and deeply imbedded negative mind-sets result in staff nurses experiencing guilt and anger rather than the satisfaction of knowing they made a difference in someone's life because of the nursing care they gave. A change of mind-set from entitlement thinking to entrepreneurial thinking, with an emphasis on maximizing available resources, will empower nurses to understand that they have the right and the responsibility to decide what to do and what not to do when there is more work to do than time available.
The Hidden Resources of Occupational Therapy: A Conversation with Rhoda Erhardt, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA
Authors: Erhardt Rhoda , Gillenwaters Kary
Published: November 2018

Kary Gillenwaters, MA, OTR/L, is currently a consultant and facilitator of the See Me as a Person and Re-Igniting the Spirit of Caring programs at Creative Health Care Management. Her career in health care spans rural and urban settings, and pediatric to geriatric clients and families. Rhoda Erhardt, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA, is an occupational therapy consultant in private practice. She has provided evaluation and consultation services to families, health agencies, educational systems, and corporations, and published and lectured extensively in the United States and overseas on hand skills, vision, eye-hand coordination, and feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy, and handwriting and perceptual problems in children with learning disabilities. Kary and Rhoda talk about the resources occupational therapists bring to the health-care team, as well as how OTs identify and maximize the resources of clients and their families.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Newly Graduated Registered Nurses
Authors: Kulka Joanne M. , Chang De Gagne Jennie , Mullen Cydney K. , Robeano Karen
Published: November 2018

Background

The transition from student to professional nurse is an important milestone in the development of newly graduated nurses. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to reduce symptoms of stress in those engaged in regular practice (Bazarko, Cate, Azocar, & Kreitzer, 2013; Kabat-Zinn, 1990).

Method

The quality improvement project used a one-group pre-test/posttest design to measure newly graduated registered nurses’ awareness of mindfulness and perceived stress.

Results

Mindfulness awareness improved from pre-intervention ( M = 3.66, SD = .81) to post-innovation ( M = 4.03, SD = .69) although this was not statistically significant, ( t[67] = 1.93, p = .057). There was a statistically significant decrease in perceived stress from pre-innovation ( M = 19.47, SD = 7.16) to post-innovation (M = 15.71, SD = 6.90), ( t[66] = 2.16, p = .034). Qualitative themes of increased patient safety communication, and teamwork were identified.

Conclusion

MBSR has the potential to increase mindfulness and decrease perceived stress in newly graduated registered nurses, encouraging improved patient safety communication, and teamwork.
Community-Based Stroke Recognition Education and Response: An Evidence-Based Intervention Project
Authors: Sposito Jennifer , Zipf Amy , Alhowaymel Fahad , Tala Almutairi Mohammed , Breda Karen
Published: November 2018

Background

Stroke has a significant impact on mortality and disability in the United States. This led the aforementioned master's students to create a community-based educational intervention using stroke curriculum from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA).

Purpose

The purpose of this evidence-based intervention project was to examine the effectiveness of public stroke education utilizing the AHA/ASAs Face, Arm, Speech, Time (FAST) curriculum for stroke symptom recognition and response (Jauch, et al., 2013) at three central Connecticut senior centers.

Design

This evidence-based intervention project was based on the theoretical framework of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory (Petiprin, 2016). Nurses can provide stroke based education to older adults in the community, ultimately empowering participants to recognize and respond to stroke symptoms.

Methods

An educational session on the AHA/ASA FAST curriculum was presented by master's students to groups of senior adults at three different senior centers, followed by a post teach-back session conducted by the students in smaller groups to assess learning. The total number of participants was 62 ( n = 62).

Results

The majority of participants (87%) were able to accurately teach back the four components of the FAST curriculum after the educational intervention.

Conclusions

FAST was simple to teach and engaging for participants. Using the FAST curriculum in senior center populations increased the participants’ awareness of stroke signs and symptoms, and their willingness to activate the 911 emergency system.

Implications for Practice

Educational interventions in the community with older adults can produce increased awareness of stroke symptoms and willingness to respond when necessary.
Is Exclusive Breastfeeding Dangerous?
Authors: Walker Marsha
Published: November 2018

Social media has been alight with descriptions of exclusive breastfeeding being dangerous, resulting in significant and severe negative outcomes in infants whose mothers wished to breastfeed. This backlash has been led by a campaign that uses inflammatory anecdotes and misleading and inaccurate interpretation of research to bolster its assault on breastfeeding. However, poor breastfeeding outcomes can and do happen. The narratives identify areas where clinicians can improve their delivery of care. A closer look at risk factors and interventions may help reduce the risk of poor outcomes and increase the likelihood of mothers meeting their breastfeeding goals.
Estimation and Mapping of Sub-National GDP in Uganda Using NPP-VIIRS Imagery
Authors: Wang Xuantong , Rafa Mickey , Moyer Jonathan D. , Li Jing , Sutton Paul , Scheer Jennifer
Published: November 2018

Uganda is one of the poorest nations in the world. To address the developmental challenges and understand social and economic status, it is important to obtain accurate data in a timely manner. Many studies have demonstrated that nighttime lights (NTL) can be used to measure human activities. Nevertheless, methods developed from these studies (1) suffer from coarse resolutions, (2) fail to capture the nonlinearity and multi-scale variability of geospatial data, and (3) perform poorly for agriculture-dependent regions. This study proposes a new enhanced light intensity model (ELIM) to estimate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at sub-national scales for Uganda. This model is developed by combining the NTL data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS), the population data from the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), and information on agricultural production and market prices across several commodity types. This resulted in a gridded dataset for GDP and GDP per capita for Uganda at 1 km spatial resolution and district level to capture the spatial heterogeneity in economic activity.
Mapping the Literature on Nutritional Interventions in Cognitive Health: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: Walsh Erin I. , Cherbuin Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Manual review of the extensive literature covering nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing has proved educative, however, data-driven techniques can better account for the large size of the literature (tens of thousands of potentially relevant publications to date) and interdisciplinary nature of where relevant publications may be found. In this study we present a new way to map the literature landscape focusing on nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing. We applied a combination of citation network analysis and text mining to map out the existing literature on nutritional interventions and cognitive health. Results indicated five overarching clusters of publications, which could be further deconstructed into a total of 35 clusters. These could be broadly distinguished by focus on lifespan stages (e.g. infancy versus older age), and specificity regarding nutrition (e.g. narrow focus on iodine deficiency versus broad focus on weight gain). Rather than concentrating into a single cluster, interventions were present throughout the majority of the research. We conclude that a data-driven map of the nutritional intervention literature can benefit the design of future interventions, by highlighting topics and themes that could be synthesized across currently disconnected clusters of publications.
Dutch Natural Resiliency of below Sea-Level Living Residents
Authors: Sanders Fred
Published: November 2018

The Wester coastal Delta zone of the Netherlands, the relatively more crowded area of the country hosting ten out of seventeen heading to twenty million people, asks for a growing alertness on the topic of resiliency the light of climate-change, like many coastal urban areas do. Approaches of resiliency are often pre-dominated by governmental rescue planning and mobilization of technology innovative solutions. By comparing the float disasters of the 2015 Katrina and 2012 Sandy thunder-storms that hit respectively New Orleans and New York we can learn that the behaviour of people can make the difference in overcoming climate change impact disasters. Post-PhD research with focus on the Dutch Zaanstreek-Waterland area north of the city of Amsterdam, where in 1916 a severe flood took place, proved such. The outcome from focus group sessions is that the alertness and availability of the people to act in case of disaster urgency makes a positive difference, if the memory of the area residents to previous disaster handling is kept alert. This Zaanstreek-Waterland research showed that the disaster from 100 year before still kept the residents alert into resiliency. With that result the defi-nition of resilience should be improved by adding: ‘the interplay in a triangular relationship of civil servants, technicians and residents’.
Detection of Glacier Calving Margins with Convolutional Neural Networks: A Case Study
Authors: Mohajerani Yara , Wood Michael , Velicogna Isabella , Rignot Eric
Published: November 2018

The continuous and precise mapping of glacier calving fronts is essential for monitoring and understanding rapid glacier changes in Antarctica and Greenland, which have the potential for significant sea level rise within the current century. This effort has been mostly restricted to the slow and painstaking manual digitalization of the calving front positions in thousands of satellite imagery products. Here, we have developed a machine learning toolkit to robustly and automatically detect glacier calving front margins in satellite imagery. The toolkit is based on semantic image segmentation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with a modified U-Net architecture to isolate the calving fronts from satellite images after having been trained with a dataset of images and their corresponding manually-determined calving fronts. As a case study we train our neural network on a varied set Landsat images with lowered resolutions from Jakobshavn, Sverdrup, and Kangerlussuaq glaciers, Greenland and test the results on novel images from Helheim glacier, Greenland to evaluate the performance of the approach. The neural network is able to identify the calving front in new images with a mean deviation of 96.3 m from the true fronts, equivalent to 1.97 pixels on average, while the corresponding error for manually-determined fronts on the same resolution images is 92.5 m. We find that the trained neural network significantly outperforms common edge detection techniques, and can be used to continuously map out calving-ice fronts with a variety of data products.
Demystifying Security of LoRaWAN v1.1
Authors: Butun Ismail , Pereira Nuno , Gidlund Mikael
Published: November 2018

LoRa and its upper layers definition LoRaWAN is one of the most promising LPWAN technologies for implementing the Internet of Things (IoT). Although being a popular technology, several works in the literature have revealed various weaknesses regarding the security of LoRaWAN v1.0 (the official 1st draft). By using all these recommendations from the academia and industry, the LoRa-Alliance has worked on the v1.0 to develop an enhanced version and provide more secure and trustable architecture. The result of these efforts ended-up with LoRaWAN v1.1, which was released on Oct 11, 2017. This manuscript aims at demystifying the security aspects and provide a comprehensive Security Risk Analysis related to latest version of LoRaWAN. Besides, it provides several remedies to the recognized vulnerabilities. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this work is one of its first kind by providing a detailed security analysis related to latest version of LoRaWAN. According to our analysis, end-device physical capture, rogue gateway and replay attacks are found to be threating for safety operation of the network. Eventually, v1.1 of LoRaWAN is found to be less vulnerable to attacks compared to v1.0, yet possesses several security implications that need to be addressed and fixed for the upcoming releases.
The Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Pain—Where to From Here?
Authors: Blyth Fiona M. , Briggs Andrew M. , Schneider Carmen Huckel , Hoy Damian G. , March Lyn M.
Published: November 2018

To summarize the current understanding of the global burden of musculoskeletal pain–related conditions, consider the process of evidence generation and the steps to generate global pain estimates, identify key gaps in our understanding, and propose an agenda to address these gaps, we performed a narrative review.

In the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), which broadened the scope of musculoskeletal conditions that were included over previous rounds, low back pain imposed the highest disability burden of all specific conditions assessed, and subsequent GBD reports further reinforce the size of this burden. Over the past decade, the GBD has produced compelling evidence of the leading contribution of musculoskeletal pain conditions to the global burden of disability, but this has not translated into global health policy initiatives. However, system- and service-level responses to the disease burden persist across high-, middle-, and low-income settings.

There is a mismatch between the burden of musculoskeletal pain conditions and appropriate health policy response and planning internationally that can be addressed with an integrated research and policy agenda.
A Healthy Retail Intervention in Native American Convenience Stores: The THRIVE Community-Based Participatory Research Study
Authors: Bird Jernigan Valarie Blue , Salvatore Alicia L. , Williams Mary , Wetherill Marianna , Taniguchi Tori , Jacob Tvli , Cannady Tamela , Grammar Mandy , Standridge Joy , Fox Jill , Tingle Owens JoAnna , Spiegel Jennifer , Love Charlotte , Teague Travis , Noonan Carolyn
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To assess a healthy retail intervention in Tribal convenience stores in Oklahoma.

Methods. We adapted healthy retail strategies to the context of 8 Tribally owned stores. We assessed individual- and store-level outcomes in a cluster-controlled intervention trial (April 2016–June 2017). We measured fruit and vegetable intake, store environment perceptions, and purchases before and after the intervention among a cohort of 1637 Native American shoppers. We used mixed-effects linear regression to estimate pre- to postintervention changes in and between groups.

Results. We followed 74% of participants (n = 1204) 9 to 12 months. Intervention and control participants perceived healthier stores after intervention. Higher shopping frequency was related to purchases of fruits, vegetables, and healthy items.

Conclusions. Intervention exposure was associated with healthy purchasing but not fruit and vegetable intake. Research is needed to further assess impacts of environmental interventions on intake.

Public Health Implications. As the first healthy retail intervention in Tribally owned stores, our results contribute evidence for environmental and policy interventions to address obesity in Tribal Nations. Multicomponent interventions, led by Tribal leaders from diverse sectors, are needed to create healthy environments and sustainable improvements in Native American health.
Avaliação morfológica da raça bovina Crioula Lageana
Authors: Pezzini T.G. , Mariante A.S. , Martins E. , Paiva S. , Rôlo J. , Seixas L. , Peripolli V. , Tanure C.B.G.S. , McManus C.
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar medidas morfométricas de bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana em diferentes idades, para estabelecer padrões de variação dessas medidas, contribuindo para a caracterização fenotípica da raça. Foram coletadas medidas corporais (comprimento corporal, altura da cernelha, perímetro torácico, altura da garupa, largura da garupa e comprimento de garupa) de 346 animais oriundos de três regiões do Planalto Catarinense (Campos de Curitibanos, Coxilha Rica e Campos de Caçador). As medidas morfométricas foram avaliadas em relação à idade, sexo e região de origem. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando SAS versão 9.3. Os procedimentos utilizados incluíram análise de variância, correlações, cluster, discriminante e análise canônica. Foi observada diferença estatística entre machos e fêmeas para todas as medições, exceto altura da garupa, demonstrando o dimorfismo sexual. A altura da garupa variou até 3 e 5 anos de idade e comprimento do corpo variou em animais com mais de 11 anos de idade; enquanto a largura da garupa e perímetro torácico variaram até 7 e 9 anos de idade. Em média, 50% dos animais foram classificados correctamente, o que indica pouca diferença entre as regiões para as características morfométricas. Além disso, animais de Campos de Curitibanos foram os que apresentaram maior distância dos animais das outras regiões do planalto de Santa Catarina. As correlações entre altura da cernelha, largura e comprimento da garupa foram acima de 0,80. Assim, o comprimento da garupa pode ser considerado a medida mais adequada para avaliação do tamanho corporal desta raça, devido à alta correlação com as outras medidas e a facilidade de medição deste parâmetro.
La helicicultura en Argentina: una aproximación desde el enfoque de sistemas blandos
Authors: Gelabert C. , Bargas S. , Rositano F. , González O.
Published: November 2018

La globalización imprimió características particulares en el sector agroalimentario incrementando el interés por las producciones agropecuarias alternativas; entre ellas, la helicicultura. En Argentina, durante el período 2001-2006, la helicicultura fue fuertemente promocionada desde la visión de los agronegocios, que puede resultar insuficiente para explicar la trayectoria de actividades en las que las relaciones de oposición o marcadas diferencias de poder entre actores ejercen una influencia determinante. La aplicación de herramientas propias de los sistemas blandos podría complementar ese marco teórico poniendo de manifiesto otros elementos e interrelaciones que surgen de la percepción de los actores intervinientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue modelar el sistema helicícola en Argentina durante el período 2001-2012, con el fin de analizar la evolución de la actividad. Se utilizaron tres herramientas metodológicas: 1) Soft systems methodology (SSM) en sus fases 1 y 2; 2) dinámica de sistemas, y 3) configuración de redes sociales. El análisis de la estructura de las redes sociales se realizó a partir de dos indicadores: densidad y centralidad. Los resultados mostraron que el sistema productivo helicícola en Argentina durante el período analizado se desarrolló principalmente a partir de la interacción informal entre representantes de plantas procesadoras y recolectores que, en respuesta a una demanda internacional, comenzaron a utilizar un recurso silvestre local. Esta interacción se mantuvo hasta el año 2006. A partir de ese año, cambios en las variables económicas indujeron a una disminución de la demanda por parte de las plantas procesadoras, desalentando la recolección y explicando así la variación en los índices que caracterizan la estructura de las redes sociales configuradas para los períodos 2001-2006 y 2007-2012. El modelo desarrollado constituye una herramienta complementaria al enfoque de agronegocios, ya que permite identificar el efecto de cambios sobre los elementos que lo componen y proponer estrategias de intervención tendientes a mantener la sustentabilidad del sistema helicícola.
Desempenho de novilhos confinados terminados com diferentes fontes de gordura na dieta
Authors: Donicht P. A. M. M. , Restle J. , Alves Filho D. C. , Callegaro A. M. , Cattelam J. , Menezes L. F. G.
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar efeito do uso de diferentes fontes de gordura na dieta sobre o desempenho de novilhos confinados em fase de terminação. Foram utilizados 20 novilhos, com idade média inicial de 20 meses e peso vivo médio inicial de 260 ± 41,3 kg, que permaneceram confinados por 126 dias. Os animais receberam silagem de milho como volumoso e os concentrados testados foram: concentrado base (BC); concentrado base + farelo de arroz integral e óleo de arroz (WRB); concentrado base + 3 % de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (M3) e concentrado base + 6 % de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (M6). Cada tratamento possuiu animais pertencendo aos seguintes grupos genéticos: 1 puro Charolês (CH), 1 puro Nelore (NE), 2 11/16 CH 5/16 NE, 1 21/32 NE 11/32 CH. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os consumos de proteína bruta, energia digestível, fibras em detergente neutro e ácido. Os animais que consumiram 6 % de sais de ácidos graxos apresentaram o maior consumo de extrato etéreo (0,77 kg/dia), enquanto que aqueles que consumiram a dieta M3 e WRB apresentaram valor intermediário de consumo (0,51 kg/dia) e os que consumiram BC mostraram o menor valor (0,25 kg/dia). Similaridades de valores foram observadas para o ganho de peso médio diário (1,142; 1,199; 1,365 e 1,391 kg/dia, respectivamente para CB, WRB, M3 e M6) e peso final (421 kg).
Primera caracterización morfoestructural y faneróptica del Perro Ovejero Magallánico, Chile
Authors: Tafra V. , Barrios N. , Godoy J. , Barra R. de la , Gómez M.
Published: November 2018

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de proporcionar una primera aproximación etnológica del perro Ovejero Magallánico. Esta población canina se ubica en la región de Magallanes (48°37" a los 56°30" latitud sur), Chile, en donde cumple un rol fundamental como animal de trabajo en la ganadería ovina de la zona. Esta población canina es el producto de la cruza de perros ovejeros británicos llegados a la zona a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, que se han adaptado por más de un siglo a las duras condiciones climáticas de la Patagonia Chilena. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido a perros que cumplieran con las características morfológicas que los ganaderos de Magallanes asocian a esta población canina. Se analizaron variables zoométricas en 75 perros (43 machos y 32 hembras) adultos. Para las variables fanerópticas se utilizaron los 75 perros, mientras que para la variable morfoestructural solo fueron considerados 62 perros, ya que 13 individuos entre 1 y 2 años presentaron excesiva variabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que el Ovejero Magallánico presenta una marcada uniformidad morfoestructural, definido dimorfismo sexual y un conjunto de caracteres fanerópticos distintivos, aspectos que son importantes en la definición racial de una población canina. Este estudio constituye la primera caracterización zoométrica del perro Ovejero Magallánico y contribuye a establecer las bases para estudios posteriores necesarios para implementar el estándar oficial de la raza.
Efecto del tipo genético y la maduración sobre la retención de agua en carne de toros castrados
Authors: Leal-Gutiérrez J. D. , Jiménez-Robayo L. M. , Ariza M. , Manrique C. , López J. , Martínez C. , Pinilla Y. , Ríos M. , Ortíz Y. , Jiménez A.
Published: November 2018

La capacidad de retención de agua en crudo (CRAr) y en cocinado (CRAc) fue determinada en carne madurada a 7, 14 y 21 días post mórtem. Los músculos Longissimus dorsi (LD) y Semitendi-nosus (ST) de 164 machos castrados provenientes del cruce de machos de las razas Simmental, Normanda, Blanco Orejinegro, Braunvieh, Guzerat, Brahman Blanco, Brahman Rojo, Limousin y Romosinuano con hembras Brahman blanco. Para el parámetro CRAr en LD se presentó significancia de los factores tipo genético y maduración y en ST del factor maduración. Para el parámetro de CRAc en LD fue significativo el factor tipo genético y para ST ninguno de los dos factores fue significativo. No existieron interacciones significativas de los dos factores evaluados. Lo ideal es someter a tiempos cortos de maduración ambos músculos y tener en cuenta el tipo genético al cual pertenece el individuo con el fin de minimizar las pérdidas de exudado.
Consumo y digestibilidad en novillos cebuínos en un sistema silvopastoril intensivo
Authors: Gaviria-Uribe X. , Naranjo-Ramírez J. F. , Bolívar-Vergara D. M. , Barahona-Rosales R.
Published: November 2018

La determinación del consumo voluntario de materia seca (CMS) por los animales, es indispensable para determinar su capacidad productiva y su estado nutricional. Existen muchas técnicas para la estimación del CMS, siendo una de ellas la técnica de n-alcanos la cual permite además estimar la selectividad de los forrajes consumidos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estimar el consumo voluntario y la excreción fecal de nutrientes por novillos cebuínos alimentados en un sistema silvopastoril intensivo (SSPi). El estudio se realizó en el Centro Experimental Cotové, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se evaluaron seis novillos castrados con un peso promedio de 381±12 kg y se utilizó la técnica de alcanos para determinar CMS. El CMS promedio de forraje fue de 9,54 kg dia-1, del cual, el 75,24 % correspondió a consumo de gramíneas y el 24,76 % a consumo de leguminosa. En promedio, el consumo de nutrientes (kg) fue de 1,33; 5,8; 4,02; 1,13; 0,058 y 0,021 para PC, FDN, FDA, Cenizas, Ca y P respectivamente. Estos consumos fueron adecuados para el tipo de animales del estudio aportando una dieta de buena calidad nutricional. La digestibilidad fue del 53 % para el tratamiento sin inclusión del suplemento y del 58 % para el tratamiento con suplemento, lo que junto con el CMS, permite afirmar que los animales satisficieron sus requerimientos de los principales nutrientes. Las cantidades excretadas (kg) fueron 4,15; 0,44; 2,56; 1,78; 0,8; 0,054 y 0,02 para MS, PC, FDN, FDA, Cenizas, Ca y P, respectivamente. La excreción fecal de N por animal al año se calculó en 29,9 kg, contribuyendo a la producción de biomasa de las gramíneas acompañantes en el SSPi.