bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Teaching Effect Evaluation Algorithm of Flipped Classroom Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Lyu XuZi , Huang Yan , Tian Jie
Published: September 2022

The flipped classroom model has become an essential path of teaching improvement in the colleges and institutions of higher education across the Republic of China as a direct result of the extensive assimilation of information technology and education courses that have taken place in this era of mobile Internet. Simultaneously, in order to react to the desire for the construction of new liberal arts and the training of talents serving society, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) algorithm is proposed to assess the teaching effect of flipped classrooms. This is done with the intention of meeting the requirements of both the construction of new liberal arts and the training of talents who can serve society. We divided the people who were going to be the subjects of this teaching into two groups: (i) one to serve as the experimental group; and (ii) the other to serve as the control group. We then supplemented the lessons for each group using either flipped classroom teaching or traditional teaching methods, depending on which group they were in. After that, the results based on the fuzzy comprehensive assessment reveal that the teaching method of the flipped classroom can successfully raise students’ ability for autonomous learning as well as cultural creativity and practice. Furthermore, it can also increase the quality of teaching in the classroom. The learning effect is superior to that of the conventional instructional approach, and as such, it is deserving of further promotion. The evaluation can successfully grade the teaching effect of the classroom, which provides growth for a novel notion for the evaluation of the teaching influence of the flipped classroom.
Prediction Model of Soil Heavy Metal Content Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm Optimized Neural Network
Authors: Duan Cuiqing , Wang Baoqiang , Li Jinxiu
Published: September 2022

In 2014, the relevant research data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources showed that the total exceedance rate of soil heavy metal pollution in China had reached 16.1%, and in the construction of ecological civilization in the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has made the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution as the focus of prevention and control. Therefore, in this paper, four neural optimization network models, that is, radial basis neural network (RBFNN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), wavelet neural network (WNN), and fuzzy neural network (FNN), are simulated and created to measure and correlate the soil heavy metal content in a city in northwest China and a city in central China from the actual situation in China. The simulations were conducted. Finally, by analyzing the comparison of predicted and true values of these four models on the test data of two sets of experimental data, the distribution of predicted differences to true values, and the calculation results of three error indicators, we found that WNN has the best prediction performance when using RBFNN, GRNN, WNN, and FNN for soil heavy metal content prediction.
Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming Extends beyond Histologic Tumor Demarcations in Operable Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Pirhonen Juho , Szkalisity Ábel , Hagström Jaana , Kim Yonghyo , Migh Ede , Kovács Mária , Hölttä Maarit , Peränen Johan , Seppänen Hanna , Haglund Caj , Gil Jeovanis , Rezeli Melinda , Malm Johan , Horvath Peter , Markó-Varga György , Puolakkainen Pauli , Ikonen Elina
Published: September 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest malignancies and potentially curable only with radical surgical resection at early stages. The tumor microenvironment has been shown to be central to the development and progression of PDAC. A better understanding of how early human PDAC metabolically communicates with its environment and differs from healthy pancreas could help improve PDAC diagnosis and treatment. Here we performed deep proteomic analyses from diagnostic specimens of operable, treatment-naïve PDAC patients (n = 14), isolating four tissue compartments by laser-capture microdissection: PDAC lesions, tumor-adjacent but morphologically benign exocrine glands, and connective tissues neighboring each of these compartments. Protein and pathway levels were compared between compartments and with control pancreatic proteomes. Selected targets were studied immunohistochemically in the 14 patients and in additional tumor microarrays, and lipid deposition was assessed by nonlinear label-free imaging (n = 16). Widespread downregulation of pancreatic secretory functions was observed, which was paralleled by high cholesterol biosynthetic activity without prominent lipid storage in the neoplastic cells. Stromal compartments harbored ample blood apolipoproteins, indicating abundant microvasculature at the time of tumor removal. The features best differentiating the tumor-adjacent exocrine tissue from healthy control pancreas were defined by upregulation of proteins related to lipid transport. Importantly, histologically benign exocrine regions harbored the most significant prognostic pathways, with proteins involved in lipid transport and metabolism, such as neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase 1, associating with shorter survival. In conclusion, this study reveals prognostic molecular changes in the exocrine tissue neighboring pancreatic cancer and identifies enhanced lipid transport and metabolism as its defining features.

Significance:

In clinically operable pancreatic cancer, regions distant from malignant cells already display proteomic changes related to lipid transport and metabolism that affect prognosis and may be pharmacologically targeted.
Potent and Selective PTDSS1 Inhibitors Induce Collateral Lethality in Cancers with PTDSS2 Deletion
Authors: Yoshihama Yohei , Namiki Hidenori , Kato Taiga , Shimazaki Naomi , Takaishi Sachiko , Kadoshima-Yamaoka Kumiko , Yukinaga Hideo , Maeda Naoyuki , Shibutani Tomoko , Fujimoto Kazunori , Hirasawa Makoto , Goto Hiroki , Wada Naoya , Tsutsumi Shinji , Hirota Yasuhide , Ishikawa Tomoki , Yamamoto Shoji
Published: September 2022

Targeting collateral deletion of housekeeping genes caused by the loss of tumor suppressor genes is a potential strategy to identify context-specific, molecular-targeted therapies in cancer. In mammals, phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis depends on two redundant PS synthetases, PTDSS1 and PTDSS2, and PTDSS2 is located at a tumor-suppressive locus, 11p15.5. Here, we sought to determine whether PTDSS2 loss would confer vulnerability to disruption of PTDSS1 function. PTDSS2 was lost in a wide range of cancer types, and PTDSS1 depletion specifically suppressed growth in PTDSS2-deficient cancer cell lines. Potent and selective PTDSS1 inhibitors were developed whose activity phenocopied the effect of PTDSS1 depletion, and in vivo treatment of PTDSS2-deleted tumors with these inhibitors led to tumor regression. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that inhibition of PTDSS1 in PTDSS2-depleted cells activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response downstream of PS depletion. ER stress-mediated cell death induced by PTDSS1 inhibitors activated tumor immunity through the secretion of HMGB1 protein followed by activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. PTDSS2 loss showed intratumoral heterogeneity in clinical samples, raising concerns about resistance to PTDSS1 inhibition. However, the PTDSS1 inhibitor effectively suppressed the growth of tumor containing both PTDSS2 wild-type and knockout cells in immunocompetent mice, showing potency for overcoming tumor heterogeneity by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Thus, these newly developed PTDSS1 inhibitors provide a therapeutic option for treating cancer with PTDSS2 loss, harnessing the synthetic lethality of PTDSS1/2.

Significance:

This study identifies a specific dependency on PTDSS1 for phosphatidylserine synthesis following PTDSS2 deletion and introduces novel PTDSS1 inhibitors as a therapeutic option to induce collateral lethality in cancer with PTDSS2 loss.
RARγ: The Bone of Contention for Endothelial Cells in Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Bhowmick Snigdha , Bhowmick Neil A.
Published: September 2022

Excessive bone deposition associated with prostate cancer bone metastases is believed to aid in metastatic progression. One mechanism of osteoblast expansion is the transdifferentiation of bone marrow endothelial cells. Prostate cancer cells contribute several secreted factors, including bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), to the microenvironment that support osteoblastic transdifferentiation. In this issue of Cancer Research, Yu and colleagues share their findings of how BMP-mediated endothelial conversion can be inhibited by treatment with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists. Using agonists like the all-trans retinoic acid or palovarotene, the authors demonstrated the role of the interaction of BMP-activated SMAD1 with RARγ for osteoblastic differentiation. RARγ agonists potentiated the proteasomal degradation of the Smad1–RARγ complex, blocking BMP signaling. Because palovarotene is clinically effective in the treatment of aberrant bone formation found in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, its repurposing for the treatment of osteoblastic cancer metastasis is promising. However, patient selection and dose-finding studies will be critical for the translation of these findings to complement standard of care for patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer.

See related article by Yu et al., p. 3158
PursuingFOXR2-Driven Oncogenesis
Authors: Liu Anthony P.Y. , Northcott Paul A.
Published: September 2022

FOXR2 encodes a Forkhead-Box transcription factor that has been recently described as a proto-oncogene. In this issue of Cancer Research, Tsai and colleagues present the first pan-cancer study summarizing the prevalence of FOXR2 overexpression beyond rare childhood-onset malignancies. Identification of a previously unknown mechanism of epigenetic activation and the expansion of FOXR2 transcriptional targets enhance the mechanistic understanding of FOXR2-driven malignancy, with the potential to uncover new therapeutic opportunities.

See related article by Tsai et al., p. 2980
Sidney Versus Rousseau: o espírito republicano
Authors: Alves Vital
Published: September 2022

O republicanismo é constituído de diversas matrizes, entre elas a matriz inglesa e a matriz francesa às quais vinculam-se os pensadores modernos Algernon Sidney e Jean-Jacques Rousseau respectivamente. Buscando uma provável relação teórica entre o autor inglês e o pensador de Genebra quanto à tradição republicana, o presente artigo promoverá um exame e quiçá uma reflexão acerca do “espírito republicano” em Sidney e Rousseau assinalando as possíveis afinidades e divergências entre eles, embora sejam vinculações a diferentes matrizes. Para tanto, indaga-se: é possível constatar alguma relação teórica entre esses dois pensadores? Preliminarmente, julgamos que seja possível, sim, realizar tal constatação a partir de uma análise do “espírito republicano” presente sob as penas desses pensadores.
Do republicanismo à democracia: o conflito como fundamento político em Claude Lefort
Authors: Zanfra Beatriz Viana de Araujo
Published: September 2022

Nossa intenção neste artigo é mostrar como Claude Lefort concebe a democracia como, mais do que um regime político, uma forma histórica privilegiada por ser aquela em que a sociedade se exprime politicamente sem anular um elemento fundamental para a preservação de sua liberdade: o conflito. Para tanto, partimos dos estudos lefortianos sobre Maquiavel para investigar como o autor extrai do republicanismo o sentido dessa conflitualidade fundamental e como ele vê nessa forma política a gestação de uma mutação histórica decisiva: o esvaziamento do lugar do poder.
Shifting Alliances
Authors: Marku Ylber
Published: September 2022

Although Albania emerged from the Second World War as an appendage of Yugoslavia, the Albanian Communist regime soon turned against Yugoslavia and forged an alliance with the Soviet Union. However, after the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev launched a campaign of de-Stalinization, Albania’s alliance with the USSR steadily eroded and collapsed altogether by the early 1960s. The PRC under Mao Zedong emerged as the new patron for the only Stalinist regime left in Europe. This article draws on recently declassified archival materials to reassess how and why Albanian Communist leaders shifted from one alliance to another. Both ideological and security considerations shaped the decision-making process. The article sheds light not only on Albania’s Cold War history but also on the history of Eastern Europe and the Soviet bloc.
“Japan Still Has Cadres Remaining”
Authors: King Amy , Muminov Sherzod
Published: September 2022

After Japan surrendered in 1945, more than 6 million Japanese were stranded in various parts of what had been the imperial domain. From 1945 to 1956, thousands of Japanese found themselves in the USSR and mainland China, unable or unwilling to return. Drawing on Soviet, Chinese, Japanese, and Western archives, this article compares Soviet and Communist Chinese policies toward the stranded Japanese. The distinct pathways adopted by the Soviet and Chinese Communist parties during the Chinese Civil War led to significant differences in their approaches to the day-to-day lives of the Japanese, the methods and messages of propaganda they adopted, and their means of handling the repatriation issue. Soviet and Chinese policies toward the Japanese during this uncertain and unsettled decade were shaped less by Cold War ideological and geopolitical alignments than by the legacies of East Asia’s recent wars.
Dancing with Religion: Organized Atheism and Humanism in the Field of Religions in Denmark
Authors: Reeh Niels
Published: September 2022

The article firstly presents a modified version of a relational theoretical approach to the study of religions that can also be useful in the analysis of dynamic relations between religions and nonreligions. Nonreligious groups can be studied as relational collective groups that define themselves vis-à-vis other religious groups. Following this, the article suggests that scholars should take this relation between religions and nonreligions much further into consideration. Religious and nonreligious groups define themselves in a relation to what they perceive to be their most immediate competitors. Thus, the article posits that there is a social field of groups that relate and react to the other, and since we by convention know some of these groups as religions and nonreligions, we can study the set of interrelated groups as a social reality without the need of a definition. Instead of defining “religion” and “nonreligion,” the analysis can depart from the relation between the groups or the fact that both religions and nonreligions relate to and constitute themselves vis-à-vis other religions. In the last part, the article analyzes a piece of rare empirical evidence, namely, the founding event of a nonreligious group (i.e., the Danish Humanist Society). Here, the article shows how the Danish Humanist Society combined meaning and strategy in its relational struggle against its significant religious other, the Danish National Church.
For Pits’ Sake: Effect of Breed Labels on Perceptions of Shelter Dog Attractiveness
Authors: Weseley-Jones Kate
Published: September 2022

Pit bulls are the most common type of dog found in shelters, and negative perceptions of their temperament are believed to reduce their likelihood of adoption. Two experiments investigated the effects of breed label on perceptions of shelter dog attractiveness. The first experiment recruited 176 participants to rate the attractiveness of a dog labeled either a Pit Bull or Mixed Breed. The second study added an unlabeled condition and a Staffordshire Bull Terrier condition, and recruited 257 participants. While the Pit Bull was rated significantly less attractive than the Mixed Breed in Experiment 1, in Experiment 2, the Mixed Breed was rated the least attractive and significantly less so than the dog in the unlabeled condition. In addition, both experiments demonstrated that younger people viewed the dog as more attractive than older people. Given the conflicting results regarding breed labels, further research is necessary.
Unravelling the cryptic diversity and evolution of the dwarf swamp frog Pseudopaludicola mystacalis (Anura, Leptodactylidae) in open habitats of South America
Authors: Porto Clara Ribeiro , Fazolato Cecil Pergentino , Marques Ricardo , Batalha-Filho Henrique , Napoli Marcelo Felgueiras , Garda Adrian Antonio , de Carvalho Maria Luiza Silveira , de Campos Fernandes Flora Maria
Published: September 2022

Many studies on the diversity of the South American biota support the role of ecological and geological events as main drivers of species diversification. For many groups, geomorphological events are the key drivers of diversification, while the influence of Pleistocene climate oscillations is prominent for others. To precisely indicate which events were key for the development of the astonishing biodiversity in South America, studies on widely distributed species are paramount. One such species, the dwarf swamp frog Pseudopaludicola mystacalis (Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae), is widely distributed in open habitats of South America and we herein investigate population differentiation and diversification in this species across its geographic range. We sequenced a 1374 bp mtDNA fragment from 64 specimens across 25 localities. We used population assignment and species delimitation methods to assess genetic structure and lineage limits across the species distribution. We estimated, for each lineage, intraspecific diversity, divergence times, and demographic histories. Our results recovered ten lineages with up to 5% of genetic divergence among them. Diversification occurred mainly during the Tertiary, suggesting that Miocene-Pliocene topographic events had a major influence on the diversification of P. mystacalis. Pleistocene climatic oscillations also played a role on evolutionary history of P. mystacalis, causing demographic changes in one lineage.
Lands of Frosts and Great Beasts: Poland and Lithuania in the Accounts of Papal and Venetian Diplomats
Authors: Kuchno Klaudia
Published: September 2022

As surprising as it may seem at the first sight, one of the most detailed fragments of a diplomatic report summarizing a mission to Poland and Lithuania written in 1572 by a secretary of a papal nuncio dealt with an animal – the European bison. In fact, representations of nature were omnipresent in sixteenth-century papal and Venetian diplomatic accounts about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The main aim of this article is to demonstrate how and why climate, landscapes, natural resources, and animals came to be an important part of early modern diplomatic communication.
Sovereignty at Sea: the United States, Ecuador, and the Fisheries Dispute in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1945–75
Authors: Scarminach Shaine
Published: September 2022

In the early 1970s, violent encounters between Ecuador’s navy and U.S. fishermen off the coast of South America reignited a long-running dispute over tuna fisheries in the region. The dispute centered on a basic question about who could fish in the waters off Ecuador’s coast. U.S. fishermen believed they had a right to fish the area, while Ecuadorians understood the waters as their natural patrimony. Yet despite this heated debate, U.S. and Ecuadorian officials appeared willing to settle the dispute. Nevertheless, repeated attempts at diplomatic negotiations failed to produce a durable solution. The difficulty owed in large part to the ocean environment itself. Competing conceptions of the ocean and a range of conflicting interests together frustrated diplomatic efforts. Ultimately, the fisheries dispute between the United States and Ecuador demonstrates how the environment can complicate international relations.
Natural Resources as an Asset of City Diplomacy: a Portrait of Jingdezhen and Its White Gold
Authors: Santos Niedja de Andrade e Silva Forte dos , Balão Sandra Maria Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

This article demonstrates how natural resources can be an asset for countries’ international influence while advancing national interests specially related to cultural economy. It focuses on Jingdezhen, the Chinese porcelain capital, a creative city in unesco Creative Cities Network, which has succeeded in extolling Chinese culture by converting its “white gold” into soft power by way of effective city diplomacy.
Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China
Authors: YANG YI , ZHANG SHENG-NAN , YU XIAN-DONG , LIU JIAN-KUI
Published: September 2022

During an investigation of ascomycetous fungi on bamboos in Sichuan province, China, a monotypic genus, Pseudokeissleriella, collected from dead culms of bamboos is introduced to accommodate P. bambusicola. Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola is characterized by having subglobose to globose, glabrous ascomata, and hyaline, septate, fusiform ascospores with subobtuse ends and a swollen upper cell, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath with center depression. The phylogenetic analyses based on multi-gene matrix of SSU, ITS, LSU, tef-1α sequences showed that P. bambusicola presented a distinct lineage sister to Katumotoa and Neoophiosphaerella in Lentitheciaceae. The establishment of new taxa were justified by morphological and phylogenetic evidences. Morpho-phylogenetic differences between Pseudokeissleriella and some related genera Katumotoa, Keissleriella, and Neoophiosphaerella are discussed. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes for the new taxa are provided.
Is Legal Status a Marker for Recidivism? Examining the Reoffending Patterns of Previously Incarcerated Immigrants
Authors: Ramos Javier , Alaniz Kayla
Published: September 2022

Research shows that immigrants are less criminally involved than their native-born peers when examining a host of justice-related outcomes. Yet, this knowledge tells us little about whether the immigration-crime relationship varies when disaggregating the foreign-born into more distinct groups such as legal status. Using data from the Florida Department of Corrections (FDC), we address this gap in the literature by examining whether documented and undocumented ex-inmates differ in their probability to recidivate. We also consider whether these immigrant groups reoffend at a lower, higher, or similar level when compared to the native-born. Our findings reveal that there are no differences in reoffending between documented and undocumented ex-inmates, while both groups display a significantly lower probability to recidivate relative to natives.
International Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Cross-Country Evidence Using Panel Quantile Fixed Effects Approach
Authors: Lagos Konstantinos , Wang Yuan
Published: September 2022

This paper evaluates the impact of tourism on poverty alleviation using a new panel quantile fixed effects method that allows regressors to affect the entire conditional distribution of the dependent variable providing substantial information gains. Our results show statistically significant negative marginal effects of tourism on both absolute poverty measures and Gini income inequality across all quantiles, including the poorest 10%. We also find evidence that international tourism can mitigate the slow improvement in domestic income level for poverty reduction. From a policy perspective, our findings can provide insights into developing targeted tourism policies and strategies to achieve better solutions on poverty alleviation. We also call for special attention to policymakers in developing countries to continue working on tourism product differentiation and targeting a smaller but reachable market in the post COVID-19 recovery era, to prevent the adverse effect of the worldwide income growth stagnation on their poverty rates.
Social Mobility and Sense of Purpose From Midlife to Old Age: Examining the Role of Major Life Events
Authors: Lee Chioun , Sain Debaleena , Harari Lexi , Kürüm Esra
Published: September 2022

Purpose in life (PIL) has been linked with numerous health benefits and adaptive aging, yet it diminishes with age, possibly due to loss of social or familial roles through life transitions. Drawing from the longitudinal surveys of the Midlife in the US study ( n = 3418), we use time-varying coefficient models to investigate how the trajectory of PIL differs across cumulatively (dis)advantaged, upwardly mobile, and downwardly mobile groups and the role of major life events in shaping these trajectories. We found the upwardly mobile group exhibits higher PIL than the cumulatively disadvantaged and downwardly mobile groups. The consistently disadvantaged group experiences more adverse events at non-normative times. Socioeconomic status disparities in PIL during old age decrease after controlling for life events. We discuss how and why well-being changes and the role of structural and social factors in facilitating or impeding the development or maintenance of PIL over the life course.
Parent Coaching in Natural Communication Opportunities Through Bug-in-Ear Technology
Authors: Hamberger Rachel J. , Evmenova Anya S. , Coogle Christan Grygas , Regan Kelley S.
Published: September 2022

We examined whether there was a functional relation between BIE eCoaching with parents of young children with language disorders and parent provision of natural communication opportunities and whether parents maintained their provision of natural communication opportunities when the intervention was faded. Data also were collected to assess the social validity of the intervention. The results indicate that BIE eCoaching with parents of young children with language disorders was effective in increasing parent provision of natural communication opportunities. Parents maintained their provision of natural language opportunities above baseline levels after intervention was withdrawn. All participants strongly agreed that BIE eCoaching was helpful for changing their communication practices with their child and would recommend it to other parents of children with language disorders.
Who Gets Hired at the Top? The Academic Caste System Theory in the Planning Academy
Authors: Lee C.Aujean
Published: September 2022

This study is the first to examine detailed faculty demographics and impacts of elite hiring networks in the planning academy. Institutional prestige significantly shapes faculty placements. Nearly half of planning faculty graduated from Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Cornell, and University of North Carolina (UNC)-Chapel Hill. Faculty are predominantly hired in similar or lower ranking programs with little upward mobility, after accounting for demographics and program factors. While race and gender did not have a significant relationship to placements, the findings demonstrate how status-based inequities are perpetuated through elite programs and constrain faculty representation.
Becoming Wolfand other stories: using Indigenist arts-based methodologies to explore urban Indigenous coming of age
Authors: Mellor Andrea ,   Surrounded by Cedar Child and Family Services, Cloutier Denise , Wang Luyi , Kobayashi Karen
Published: September 2022

Arts-based methodologies are increasingly being used in community-based research to explore and communicate issues of importance to Indigenous communities. Situating research in an Indigenist framework ensures that relational accountability—foundational to Indigenous ways of knowing and doing—is threaded throughout all stages of a research project. In this article, the authors describe how using Indigenist arts-based methodologies helped to develop critical knowledge sharing tools about urban Indigenous coming of age for youth living in foster care. The article describes how wisdoms gathered at a knowledge holder’s dinner and two youth workshops were used to develop the story Becoming Wolf, which was later adapted to a watercolour infographic and a graphic novel. We hope that this article shows our support for socially transformative and allied research and contributes to discourses about knowledge co-creation and mobilization.
Family therapy for adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation: A systematic review and meta–analysis
Authors: Waraan Luxsiya , Siqveland Johan , Hanssen-Bauer Ketil , Czjakowski Nikolai O , Axelsdóttir Brynhildur , Mehlum Lars , Aalberg Marianne
Published: September 2022

Objective

To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of family therapy compared to other active treatments for adolescents with depressive disorders or suicidal ideation.

Method

We conducted a systematic search of The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL and Web of Science and performed two meta-analyses of outcomes for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.

Results

We screened 5,940 records and identified 10 randomized controlled studies of family therapy for depressive disorder or suicidal ideation in adolescents with an active treatment comparison group. Nine studies reported outcome measures of depressive symptoms and four reported outcome measures of suicidal ideation. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between family therapy and active comparison treatments for end-of-treatment levels of depression. For suicidal ideation our meta-analysis showed a significant effect in favour of family therapy over comparison treatments for suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

Based on the current body of research, we found that family therapy is not superior to other psychotherapies in the treatment of depressive disorder. However, family therapy leads to significantly improved outcomes for suicidal ideation, compared to other psychotherapies. The evidence for the treatment of depression is of low quality needs more research.
The investigation of street canyon flow field and pollutant diffusion under the coupling effect of dynamic air flow field and roof angle
Authors: Sun Mengru , Zhou Pei , Wang Chunmei , Tao Changfa
Published: September 2022

Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics theory, the Euler-Lagrangian method was used to study the effects of three-dimensional dynamic airflow structure and roof angle on the flow structure and pollutant distribution in street canyons. The results show that the variation of inlet airflow speed could influence the airflow structure of street canyon seriously under the dynamic airflow. The airflow structure and pollutant distribution were compressed firstly and then expanded with the increase and decrease of the incoming airflow speed, respectively. The time-varying total pollutant concentration and the concentrations within the pedestrian height zone were increased sharply and then decreased with the increase in roof angles. According to the evolution of the total pollutant concentration and the concentrations within pedestrian height zone with different roof angles, we concluded that the street canyon with roof angle of 25°–30° can provide a clean and livable room for the residents.
How do family carers and care-home staff manage refusals when assisting a person with advanced dementia with their personal care?
Authors: Backhouse Tamara , Jeon Yun-Hee , Killett Anne , Mioshi Eneida
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives

Caregivers may encounter, or inadvertently cause, refusals of care by a care recipient. Managing refusals of care can be challenging and have potential negative consequences. We aimed to examine caregivers’ (care-home staff and family carers) experiences of managing refusals of personal care in advanced dementia.

Research design and methods

One-to-one semi-structured interviews with 12 care assistants from six care homes and 20 family carers who were physically assisting a person with advanced dementia with their personal care in the UK. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, with data analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Core to the caregiver experience of refusals of care was knowing the person. This underpinned five key themes identified as caregivers’ strategies used in preventing or managing refusals of care: (1) finding the right moment to care; (2) using specific communication strategies; (3) being tactful: simplifying, leaving, or adapting care; (4) having confidence in care; and (5) seeking support from others when safety is at risk.

Discussion and implications

Different caregiver relationships with the person with dementia influenced how they managed refusals of care. Refusals of care can place caregivers in tough situations with tensions between providing care when it is seemingly not wanted and leaving care incomplete. Both caregiver groups require support such as coaching, mentoring and/or advice from other health and social care practitioners to manage difficult personal care interactions before crisis points occur.
Incidence of Acute Thrombotic Occlusion and Its Predictors After Contemporary Femoropopliteal Endovascular Therapy in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Nakao Sho , Iida Osamu , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Tsujimura Takuya , Hata Yosuke , Toyoshima Taku , Higashino Naoko , Mano Toshiaki
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This study investigated the incidence of acute thrombotic occlusion (ATO) and its predictors after contemporary femoropopliteal (FP) endovascular therapy (EVT) for peripheral artery disease.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively examined 763 limbs (chronic limb-threatening ischemia [CLTI]: 44%, involving popliteal lesion: 44%) in 644 patients (mean age: 75±9 years, male: 71%, hemodialysis: 34%) who successfully underwent EVT with contemporary FP devices (drug-coated stent: n=220, stent graft: n=158, drug-eluting stent: n=150, drug-coated balloon [DCB]: n=235) from June 2012 to July 2020. The outcome measure was ATO defined as acute onset of claudication and/or signs of CLTI in combination with angiographic evidence of occlusive thrombus formation within the treated segment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify baseline characteristics associated with the incidence of ATO after EVT treated with scaffold. To determine the impact of ATO occurrence and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation on the subsequent composite outcome of mortality or major amputation, we developed the Cox model in which the trichotomous variable (free from ATO, ATO without CPK elevation, and ATO with CPK elevation) was a time-dependent covariate.

Results:

The 24-month incidence of ATO in the overall population was 4.3%±0.8% (DCB: 1.0%±0.7% vs scaffold: 5.8%±1.1%, p<0.01). Hemodialysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.63, p=0.02) and involving popliteal lesion (HR: 8.22, p<0.01) were independently associated with an increased risk of ATO in patients treated with scaffold. Both ATO without CPK elevation and ATO with CPK elevation were significantly associated with a composite outcome of mortality or major amputation comparing free from ATO, with an HR of 2.39 and 9.87, respectively (p=0.02 and p<0.01).

Conclusion:

We found a substantial incidence of ATO after contemporary FP-EVT, particularly with scaffold. Hemodialysis and involving popliteal lesion were significantly associated with ATO risk in patients treated with scaffold. The occurrence of ATO, particularly with CPK elevation, was associated with an increased risk of a subsequent composite outcome of mortality or major amputation. The scaffold was safely used in patients without those risk factors of ATO, but a non-scaffolding strategy should be considered for patients with more risk factors.

Clinical Impact

The scaffold was safely used in patients without hemodialysis and involving popliteal lesion, but a non-scaffolding strategy should be considered for patients with those risk factors. The occurrence of ATO, particulary with CPK elevation, was of high risk of mortality or amputation.
Optimization analysis and Field application of gas-liquid cyclone separator based on CFX
Authors: Wang Lin , Xie Chong , Wang Zhimin , Chen Kexu
Published: September 2022

At present, large and cumbersome gravity sedimentation separators are generally used in the separation of liquid and gas in the wellbore during emergency blowout or circulating degassing in drilling, and innovation and improvement are urgently needed. In this paper, CFX commercial simulation software is used to analyze the cut-in cyclone separator, and the axial inlet type cyclone separator with different length ratios of cylinder-cone section in swirling flow section under different flow channel structures, and carried out indoor simulation and field test verification. The results show that the axial inlet type cyclone separator is more suitable for gas-liquid separation than the cut-in cyclone separator, and the separation can be well improved by increasing the length-diameter ratio of the cyclone section under the cut-in cyclone separator structure. Finally, the experimental separation efficiency reached 99%, and the field test separation efficiency reached more than 98%. This greatly improves the separation efficiency of liquid and gas during the drilling process, and also plays a certain role in promoting the separation of gas and liquid in the entire oil and gas industry.
Monitoring for atrial fibrillation prior to patent foramen ovale closure after cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Wachter Rolf , Wong Andrew , Thijs Vincent , Schnabel Renate B , Ntaios George , Kasner Scott , Rothwell Peter M , Passman Rod , Saver Jeffrey L , Albers Bert A , Bernstein Richard A
Published: September 2022

Background:

Patients who had a cryptogenic stroke (CS) suspected to be causally related to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) are candidates for percutaneous PFO closure. In such patients, it is important to screen for atrial fibrillation (AF). Limited guidance is available regarding AF monitoring strategies in CS patients with PFO addressing optimal monitoring technology and duration.

Aim:

To provide a narrative review of cardiac rhythm monitoring in CS patients considered for PFO closure, including current practices, stroke recurrences after CS, findings from monitoring studies in CS patients, and predictors for AF detection published in the literature. To propose a personalized strategy for cardiac monitoring in CS patients, accounting for aspects predicting AF detection.

Summary of review:

AF detection in CS patients is predicted by age, left atrial enlargement, prolonged PR interval, frequent premature atrial contractions, interatrial conduction block, diabetes, prior brain infarctions, leukoaraiosis, elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and a family history of AF, as well as composed scores (e.g. CHA2DS2-VASc, atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source (AF-ESUS)). The causal role of the PFO may be accounted for by the risk of paradoxical embolism (RoPE) score and/or the PFO-Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) classification.

Conclusion:

A personalized approach to AF detection in CS patients is proposed, accounting for the likelihood of AF detection and aimed at obtaining sufficient confidence regarding the absence of AF in patients considered for PFO closure. In addition, the impact of high-risk PFO features on the monitoring strategy is discussed.
Construction and validation of the German coach-rating scale to assess achievement-motivated behavior in team sports (AMBIS-T)
Authors: Zuber Claudia
Published: September 2022

Achievement motivation has been identified as a relevant criterion to assess athletic talent. In the context of talent selection decisions, the popular use of self-report questionnaires has presented higher risks of social desirability. Consequently, a shift towards more robust methods such as the assessment of achievement-motivated behavior with the coach-rating scale achievement-motivated behavior in individual sports was suggested. 1 The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate this assessment from individual to team sports, involving 48 German-speaking coaches examining the achievement-motivated behaviors of their 527 youth athletes as well as the self-ratings of 250 athletes. The achievement-motivated behavior in team sports was found to display a good fit with the observed data (e.g., CFI = .98; RMSEA = .04) and to measure reliably the factors proactivity, ambition, and commitment with 12 items (test–retest reliability rtt ≥.75; Cronbach's alpha α ≥ .80 for all scales). With the exceptions of the proactivity scale for interrater reliability, the commitment scale for concurrent criterion validity and the ambition scale for construct validity, psychometric properties were found satisfactory. The use of averaged ratings of two evaluating coaches is recommended to reduce possible bias in the assessment of achievement-motivated behaviors in team sports.
Mitigation of blast loading through blast–obstacle interaction
Authors: Alshammari Omar Ghareeb , Isaac Obed Samuelraj , Clarke Samuel David , Rigby Samuel Edward
Published: September 2022

Obstructing the passage of blast waves is an effective method of mitigating blast pressures downstream of the obstacle. To this end, the interaction between a blast wave and a simplified structural shape, such as a cylinder, has been widely investigated to understand the complex flow pattern that ensues around the obstacle. The patterns include the interference zones of the incident wave, the diffracted wave, and other secondary waves in the downstream region. Such zones are responsible for causing significant modifications to the blast wave parameters. This research aims to identify and study the factors that serve to mitigate the resulting blast loads downstream of a cylindrical obstacle – both on the ground, and on a rigid wall target that the obstacle is aiming to protect. Inputs from this numerical study are also used to develop a fast-running predictive method based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model. It was found that the size of the cylinder, the strength of the blast wave, the position of the cylindrical obstruction, and the target length, all have remarkable effects on the development of the complex flow-field downstream, and on the impulse mitigation on a reflective target. A number of key mitigation mechanisms are identified, namely shadowing and interference, and their origins and significance are discussed. An ANN model trained using scaled input parameters could successfully predict impulse values on such a reflective target. Using this model to predict the response of previously unseen configurations (for the ANN) gave excellent correlation, thereby demonstrating the high fidelity of this fast-running tool, and its ability to predict the effectiveness of various wave-cylinder interactions in mitigating blast loading.
The relational ontology of mobile touchscreens and the body: Ambient proprioception and risk during COVID-19
Authors: Richardson Ingrid , Wilken Rowan
Published: September 2022

In this article, we explore the tension between the significance of touch as a vital sensory modality of human experience and how, with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, proximity and (tactile) intimacy with other bodies in urban and domestic spaces becomes fraught with the risk of viral contagion. Informed by haptic media studies, the corporeal or sensory turn in contemporary theory, and phenomenology-informed mobile media studies, we examine the possible impacts for mobile device use of the risks of viral contagion associated with our routinized uses of haptic interfaces. We also examine the role and possibility of mobile haptics and the touchscreen in these contexts, and our capacity—via embodied and material metaphor—to extend corporeal reach through the mobile interface. Our contention is that, while the “stand in” for touch that mobile media offers may be perpetually incomplete, the “as-if” structure of habitual experience can play a significant role in narrowing the sensorial gap.
Management of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in Low-Resource Settings and the Ethics of Decision-Making
Authors: Edwin Frank , Edwin Ama K. , Palacios-Macedo Alexis , Mamorare Hendrick , Yao Nana Akyaa
Published: September 2022

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is possibly the most challenging congenital heart defect to confront in any setting. The highly specialized infrastructure and resources needed to treat HLHS is not available in many low-resource settings. However, low-resource settings must not be assumed to be synonymous with low- and middle-income countries as national income is not necessarily indicative of a country’s prioritization of healthcare resources. Besides, a low-resource setting may be institution-specific as well as country-specific. We have stratified institutional capabilities for addressing the requirements of treatment for HLHS into five levels based on the capacity for diagnosis, intervention, and post-discharge monitoring. Depending on institutional capabilities, children born with HLHS in low-resource settings experience a spectrum of outcomes ranging from death without diagnosis to the hybrid or Norwood stage 1 palliation. The decision-making is ethically challenging when resources are scarce and economic efficiency must be considered in the context of distributive justice. Even in settings that would be classified as resource-rich where survival after surgery and quality of life afterward keep improving, not every parent would choose surgical intervention for their hypothetical child with HLHS.
Aortic Atresia or Complex Left Outflow Tract Obstruction in the Presence of a Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Howell Allison J. , Argo Madison B. , Barron David J.
Published: September 2022

Severe left outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is not always associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Aortic valvar atresia or complex LVOTO in the presence of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) are a rare group of lesions that offer the possibility of biventricular repair. The Yasui procedure is the commonest surgical approach which can be performed as a primary neonatal correction or as a staged procedure with a Norwood followed by a subsequent Rastelli. This article reviews the surgical outcomes and decision-making process. Both strategies are reasonable with the trend toward staged procedure in the setting of the additional interrupted arch, with neonatal survival of > 90% in the modern era and excellent long-term survival. Re-intervention is mostly related to conduit revision and the need for re-operation for LVOTO is rare. Deciding between conventional repair and the Yasui in cases of LVOTO/VSD can be difficult and there are no uniform accepted criteria. In a typical neonate, an aortic annulus < 4.5 mm is generally the limit of acceptability for a conventional repair. In selected cases of LVOTO/VSD, an alternative to the Yasui is the Ross-Konno. Retrospective comparisons between the 2 techniques are difficult due to differing patient characteristics (especially associated with mitral valve disease) but the neonatal Ross has been associated with higher early mortality.