bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin grafting in the treatment of hard-to-heal leg ulcers
Authors: Mosti Giovanni , Mattaliano Vincenzo , Picerni Pietro , Christou Costantino
Published: July 2018

Some risk factors or comorbidities may make Chronic Leg Ulcers (CLU) very difficult to heal. These ulcers are usually defined refractory ulcers and may require an in-hospital intensive care to increase the healing rate. Aim of this retrospective study was to assess if our clinical routine in hospitalized patients, made up with surgical debridement followed by donor skin grafting (allografts), may favor the ulcer healing. The records of 120 patients (55 males and 65 females; mean age 73.9±11.3 years) with ulcers greater than 100 cm2 and lasting for more than 1 year were analyzed. The median ulcer size was 165 cm2 (IQR 130-250 cm2; range 100-1000 cm2). The median ulcer duration was 24 months (IQR 16-32 months; range 12-300 months). The ulcer pathophysiology was venous in 74 patients, arterial in 21, mixed in 12, vasculitis in 5 and post-traumatic in 8 patients. After debridement the patients were submitted to allograft procedures (single or multiple) up to the ulcer healing. When allograft was able to create an effective granulation tissue and reduce the ulcer size an autograft was performed to get the ulcer closure. 109 patients healed and 11 were lost at follow-up. 65 patients healed just with one allograft in 16 weeks (IQR 13-21 weeks). 42 patients healed with 2 procedures in 20 weeks (IQR 18-23 weeks). 31 of them received a final autograft while 11 healed with two allografts. 2 patients with an ulcer surface of 200 cm2, both affected by CLI, healed with 3 allografts procedures in 40 and 33 weeks, respectively. Pain and exudate amount were significantly decreased and even disappeared after the first allograft. Allografts alone or followed by an autograft are able to get the ulcer healing also in case of extensive and long lasting ulcers refractory to all previous treatments.
Antisettici e controllo della carica batterica nelle ulcere venose/Antiseptics and control of bacterial load in venous ulcers
Authors: Nebbioso Giuseppe , Falasconi Ciro , Nebbioso Viviana , Petrella Francesco
Published: July 2018

L’insorgenza di infezione su una lesione cutanea cronica determina un arresto del processo di riparazione tessutale e impone l’instaurazione di una terapia antibiotica sistemica che, in una fase iniziale, sarà empirica e, dunque, non scevra di insuccessi. L’utilizzo di antimicrobici con ridotto potere citotossoco/istiolesivo può essere considerata, in molti casi, una valida alternativa per il controllo della carica batterica e dell’infezione locale. L’associazione di antimicrobici a base di poliesanide biguanide, betaina e cadexomero iodico, in molti casi, permette di controllare/ridurre la carica batterica e l’infezione locale fungendo da starter per la ripresa del processo di riparazione tessutale.

The onset of infection on a skin ulcer (chronic wound) leads to a halt in the tissue repair process and requires a systemic antibiotic therapy which, at an early stage, will be empirical and, therefore, not free from setbacks. The use of antimicrobials with reduced cytotoxic/histiolesive power can be considered, in many cases, a valid alternative for bacterial burden and local infection control. The combination of antimicrobials based on polystyrene biguanide, betaine and iodine cadexomer, in many cases, allows to control/reduce the bacterial burden and local infection by acting as a starter for the resumption of the tissue repair process.
Utilizzo di staminali da tessuto adiposo nelle lesioni cutanee croniche: esperienza clinica/Use of adipose tissue stem cells in chronic skin lesions: clinical experience
Authors: Moffa Fabrizio , Balbiano da Colcavagno Alberico , Ricci Elia
Published: July 2018

La guarigione di una ferita cronica è un processo articolato e complesso, che richiede una visione clinica globale del paziente. Tuttavia, il trattamento locale del letto della ferita riveste un’importanza fondamentale. Sempre più ormai si parla di medicina rigenerativa di tipo induttivo come mezzo per stimolare le cellule senescenti all’interno di una lesione cutanea cronica, in particolare mediante l’utilizzo delle cellule staminali mesenchimali. Il tessuto adiposo autologo rappresenta una fonte di cellule staminali e la tecnologia Lipogems® ne rende possibile la sua applicazione clinica. In questo studio vengono analizzati i risultati ottenuti con tale metodica che, seppur con i limiti di un numero ancora non consistente di pazienti, sono comunque incoraggianti nel proseguire lungo questa strada, considerata da molti come l’ultima frontiera nel wound care.

The healing of a chronic wound is an articulated and complex process, requiring a patient’s clinical global vision. However, local treatment of the wound bed is of fundamental importance. More and more now we talk about regenerative medicine as a means to stimulate senescent cells in a chronic skin lesion, particularly through the use of mesenchymal stem cells. Autologous adipose tissue is a source of stem cells and Lipogems® technology makes it possible for its clinical application. In this study we analyze the results obtained with this method that, even with the limits of a not yet substantial number of patients, they are still in encouraging continue along this road, considered by many as the last frontier in wound care.
Lo sguardo oltre…un percorso avviato in ASL TO4 per il trattamento delle lesioni cutanee croniche/Looking beyond...a path started in ASL TO4 for the treatment of chronic skin lesions
Authors: Corgiat-Loia Romina , Pavignano Lucia , Vargiu Marcella , Perono Minino Laura , Capace Giovanna , Cogo Fabrizia , Carlino Lucia , Mangolini Chiara , Soave Marzia , Personettaz Eraldo , Bertotti Enrica , Aprà Fabrizio , Varola Carla , Amato Cristina , Aloi Eleonora
Published: July 2018

Le lesioni cutanee croniche (LCC) sono una problematica diffusa che impatta fortemente sulla vita delle persone colpite, ma se vengono gestite da gruppi multiprofessionali dedicati alla vulnologia l’assistenza viene ottimizzata e gli esiti clinici migliorano. Nell’ASL TO4, azienda sanitaria piemontese, è stato formalizzato con delibera del Direttore Generale un gruppo di esperti vulnologi denominato Rete Aziendale per il trattamento delle lesioni cutanee croniche il cui principale obiettivo è uniformare i percorsi diagnostici-assistenziali nell’Asl TO4 su prevenzione e cura delle LCC. Nel 2016 l’attività svolta dal gruppo negli ospedali e nei distretti attraverso le consulenze vulnologiche da un lato e con le prestazioni erogate negli ambulatori dall’altro ha preso in carico 504 pazienti; nello stesso periodo il team ha ideato e gestito 4 corsi di formazione su prevenzione e cura delle lesioni da decubito rivolto a dipendenti e Medici di Medicina Generale operanti sul territorio dell’ASL TO4.

Chronic skin lesions (CKL) are a widespread problem that has a strong impact on the lives of affected people, but if they are managed by multi-professional groups dedicated to vulnology, care for them is optimized and clinical outcomes improve. In the ASL TO4, a Piedmontese health company, a group of expert volnologists called 'the Corporate Network for the treatment of chronic skin lesions' was formalized by resolution of the General Manager, whose main objective is to standardize the diagnostic-assistance pathways in the ASL TO4 on prevention and treatment of CKLs. In 2016 the activity carried out by the group in hospitals and districts through vulnological consultations on the one hand and with the services provided in outpatient clinics on the other has taken care of 504 patients; in the same period the team has designed and managed 4 training courses on prevention and treatment of bedsores injuries aimed at employees and General Practitioners operating on the ASL TO4 territory.
Phonological Identity of the Neutral-tone Syllables in Taiwan Mandarin: An Acoustic Study
Authors: HUANG Karen
Published: July 2018

Taiwan Mandarin, one of the more syllable-timed dialects of Mandarin, has fewer unstressed syllables than Standard Mandarin. Acoustic analyses show that the supposedly unstressed syllables—neutral-tone syllables—in Taiwan Mandarin behave differently from those of Standard Mandarin. Unlike Standard Mandarin, these syllables do not raise their pitch after Tone 3. They have a distinct static mid-low pitch target and the target is implemented with a stronger articulatory strength. Moreover, acoustic analyses demonstrate that not all of these “unstressed syllables” are unstressed. The phonetic evidence suggests that these neutral-tone syllables should be analyzed as unaccented rather than unstressed in Taiwan Mandarin. These unaccented syllables are only lexically marked, and their pitch is neutralized into a mid-low tone. This study sheds light on how rhythm can affect stress and accent in a lexical tone language.
A Chinese View on the Cultural Conditionality of Logic and Epistemology: Zhang Dongsun’s Intercultural Methodology
Authors: Rošker Jana
Published: July 2018

Recognizing the fact that comprehension, analysis and transmission of reality are based on diversely structured socio-political contexts as well as on different categorical and essential postulates, offers a prospect of enrichment. Thus, this article presents an analysis and interpretation of one of the first Chinese theoreticians, working in the field of intercultural methodology. Although Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973) can be considered as one of the leading Chinese philosophers of the 20th Century, his criticism of Sinicized Marxist ideologies marked him as a political dissident and he was consequently consigned to oblivion for several decades; only recently has his work been rediscovered by a number of younger Chinese theorists, who have shown a growing interest in his ideas. Although he is still relatively unknown in the West, Zhang definitely deserves to be recognized for his contributions to Chinese and comparative philosophy. The present article focuses on his extraordinary ability to introduce Western thought in a way which was compatible with the specific methodology of traditional Chinese thought. According to such presumptions, culture is viewed as an entity composed of a number of specific discourses and relations. The article shows how the interweaving and interdependence of these discourses form different cultural backgrounds, which manifest themselves in the specific, culturally determined structures of language and logic. It also explains the role of traditional elements in his cultural epistemology.
Qi Baishi and the Wenren Tradition
Authors: Olivová Lucie
Published: July 2018

One of the best known painters of the 20th century, Qi Baishi came from a poor family and owed his education to scholars who had recognized his talent and determination. This article tries to answer the question of how much of the literati (wenren) tradition can betraced in Qi Baishi’s works. Although they only form a small portion of his oeuvre, he made paintings which correspond to the literati topics; whether they also comply with the literati aesthetics is more ambiguous, however. Six paintings from the collection of the National Gallery in Prague were selected and analyzed in search of the answer.
Bushidō as a Hybrid: Hybridity and Transculturation in the Bushido Discourse
Authors: SHIRAISHI Masaki
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the discourse on bushido in the late Meiji period. My aim is to shed light on bushido’s hybridity by using the concept of transculturation. Transculturation conceptualizes encounters between different cultures as a process of mutual construction. The bushido theorists that are discussed in this paper are in some sense transculturators, struggling between Japan and the West, the particular and the universal, and tradition and modernity. One of the common theoretical strategies for solving this problem attempted to valorize bushido and was mostly dependent on establishing equivalence with similar traditions in Western culture, such as chivalry or gentlemanship. Nitobe’s famous book on bushido went beyond this type of strategy. He not only accounted for things in Japanese cultural tradition by using Western logic, but also reinterpreted Western concepts in light of Japanese cultural traditions. This makes Nitobe a more perfect example of a transculturator than others. The ultra-nationalist discourse on bushido by Inoue Tetsujiro shows another curious aspect of bushido’s hybridity. Bushido became at once purified and hybridized through the distinction he made between superficial formality and the essential spirit. Thus, the discursive strategies of bushido theorists are closely related to bushido’s hybridity.
Beheersen van externe risico’s
Authors: Bood Robert , Postma Theo
Published: July 2018

Als externe risico’s zich manifesteren, kunnen ze de winstgevendheid en levensvatbaarheid van ondernemingen hard treffen. Op basis van onderzoek naar de rapportage van externe risico’s in de jaarverslagen van alle in Nederland beursgenoteerde ondernemingen, concluderen we dat het risicomanagement op dit gebied nog onvoldoende ontwikkeld is. Dit artikel analyseert mogelijke oorzaken en beschrijft een gefaseerde aanpak om met verschillende externe risico’s om te gaan. Omdat ze in de regel voortkomen uit ambigue, complexe omstandigheden en hun oorsprong vaak buiten de eigen bedrijfstak vinden, vormt het identificeren van externe risico’s een bijzondere uitdaging. Het vereist een organisatiecultuur waarin het breed scannen van omgevingsveranderingen en het doordenken van mogelijke implicaties gemeengoed is.
Culture and Customs
Authors: Waterhouse Richard
Published: July 2018

Sydney’s pre-industrial culture was comprehensive and public, and most European inhabitants participated as players, performers or spectators. After 1850, however, a series of distinct but overlapping cultures emerged, imported and adapted from Europe and America to meet the needs of a modern, class-based city. In this essay I explore the characteristics of the city’s pre-industrial culture, and map its replacement by a set of sometimes conflicting modern, urban cultures. My aim is also to show how new forms of cultural transmission facilitated a process of cultural resolution after World War I even as new forms of culture based on ethnicity, age and gender emerged to produce a different mix of cultural diversity.
Introducing Sydney Journal
Authors: Fitzgerald Shirley , Grahame Emma
Published: July 2018

This is the first issue of a new journal, the Sydney Journal, which is part of the Dictionary of Sydney Project. The purpose of the journal is to provide an opportunity for a more academic presentation of some of the scholarship being generated by the project, complete with the rigours of academic peer reviewing. In preparing the first issue, it became clear that we wanted also to include a range of the less academic, but no less interesting, work being done on Sydney’s people and suburbs for the project. This first issue contains examples of each of these three types of contribution.
Town planning
Authors: Ashton Paul , Freestone Robert
Published: July 2018

From an accidental city without a plan, Sydney has become a city with many plans. Some would say too many, and there have been endless rounds of planning system reform since the 1980s. The central city and suburbs no longer grow ‘like topsy’ but with the greater metropolitan area still being propelled by market forces towards a population of seven million by the mid twenty-first century, there are new sets of pressures around both old (development versus environment, local-state tensions, congestion) and new (affordability, social polarisation, impacts of climate change) problems which inescapably challenge the first Australian city and the one most connected to the global economy.
The Mauritians in Sydney
Authors: Duyker Edward
Published: July 2018

The very first Mauritian trading expedition to Sydney was undertaken in 1802, during the Peace of Amiens, by Alexandre Josselin Lecorre, who sailed in the Entreprise to Port Jackson in order to sell provisions, arriving on 9 September 1802. (Authorities in Sydney mistakenly registered the Entreprise as the Surprise.)
Haberfield
Authors: Jackson-Stepowski Sue
Published: July 2018

Walking around Haberfield’s wide, leafy streets, just five kilometres west of Sydney’s CBD, and enjoying its intertwining gardens, one might think this is how suburbia has always been. But look east, across the Hawthorne Canal into Leichhardt, and one sees the mish-mash of buildings associated with the appalling living conditions and blight of the nineteenth-century industrial city.
In this issue
Authors: Grahame Emma
Published: July 2018

This second issue of Sydney Journal has another selection of articles destined for fully linked and illustrated publication in the Dictionary of Sydney when it goes online late in 2008. Articles in Sydney Journal 1(1) have been downloaded over 500 times each in the first three months, and new readers continue to register for the journal, although access is free and registration is unnecessary to read the articles.
Aboriginal migration to Sydney since World War II
Authors: Morgan George
Published: July 2018

This article considers the experiences of Aboriginal people who moved to Sydney over the second half of the twentieth century, particularly those who moved into public housing in Western Sydney, and their strategies for maintaining communal bonds and cultural identities in response to pressures to assimilate. Urban relocation had gendered effects on Aboriginal families too. The design of urban spaces and residential architecture together with the moral regulation that many experienced, especially those who were suburban tenants of the New South Wales Housing Commission, worked against the fulfilment of obligations to country and family.
The Cambodians in Sydney
Authors: Carruthers Ashley , Tuy Sarithya
Published: July 2018

Cambodians began coming to Australian in the mid to late 1970s, predominantly after the fall of the country's genocidal Khmer Rouge regime to invading Vietnamese forces in 1978. The majority fled to Thailand, either overland or by sea, where they waited in refugee camps for resettlement. A large part of the existing community arrived in the 1980s, either as refugees or as family reunion migrants. Today in Sydney there are 8,900 people of Khmer ancestry, and 4,507 of Chinese Cambodian ancestry (out of a national population of 25,553 of Khmer ancestry and 9,667 of Chinese Cambodian background). Over 60 per cent of those of Cambodian background who live in Sydney reside in the Fairfield local government area. Community life centres on the Khmer temples of Fairfield and Liverpool and the commercial and cultural centre of Cabramatta.
St Johns Park
Authors: Movizio Vicki
Published: July 2018

The suburb of St Johns Park was part of the traditional land of the Cabrogal people, a subgroup of the Gandangarra clan. They are thought to have lived on the lands that stretched between what became the Fairfield district and the Liverpool area for more than 30,000 years. The heavily wooded land provided the shelter of gums, silver oaks and swamp oaks, along with a ready source of fresh water and fish, eels and shellfish in local waterways, including Clear Paddock Creek.St Johns Park is now a suburb of Fairfield City, situated 35 kilometres west of Sydney. It is named after the Old Parish of St John in which it is located. When Liverpool was established in 1810, St Johns Park was within the Liverpool boundaries. In 1892 it became a district of the Municipality of Cabramatta and Canley Vale, and finally a part of Fairfield Municipal Council area upon its merger with Cabramatta and Canley Vale Council in 1948. The suburb is bounded by Smithfield Road, Canley Vale Road, Humphreys Road and Edensor Road (formerly Parkes Road).
Rain on Our Parade: La Niña and the Impact of Climate Change on ‘Sunny’ Sydney
Authors: Miller Julia
Published: July 2018

In 1963 Sydneysiders, having suffered four dismal summers in a row and wetter than usual weather during the 1950s, looked back to those lazy, hazy days of the summers of a distant past where the sky arched blue over the gleaming golden sand of the quintessential Australian beach. City dwellers in the dying months of 1963, worried by persistent rain and cool temperatures, concluded that soggy weather had become the established norm. More recent experiences of wet summers in Sydney have blamed this on La Niña—a short-term climate driver that brought heavy rains and flooding to many districts of eastern Australia. This article examines the impact of natural climate cycles on attitudes to weather in Sydney. It shows how an investigation of the cultural interface of weather and climate can illuminate attitudes that impact on our ability to plan for climate change into the future.
The first Government House
Authors: Kelso Jane
Published: July 2018

The first Government House was not a simple singular structure but a complex with a yard, outbuildings, guardhouse, garden and great domain. It was a home, and office and a venue for public and private entertaining, but also a symbol of British authority, with all that that meant to different people, both then and now. A place of intimacy and officaldom, birth and death, celebration, confrontation and reconciliation, the first Government House was the scene of significant moments in the young colony's history.
Low-pressure gas chromatography with chemical ionization mass spectrometry for quantification of multifunctional organic compounds in the atmosphere
Authors: Vasquez Krystal T. , Allen Hannah M. , Crounse John D. , Praske Eric , Xu Lu , Noelscher Anke C. , Wennberg Paul O.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) are formed during the oxidation of gas phase hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. However, analytical challenges have hampered ambient measurements for many of these species, leaving unanswered questions regarding their atmospheric fate. We present the development of an in situ gas chromatography (GC) technique that, when combined with the sensitive and specific detection of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS), is capable of the isomer-resolved detection of a wide range of OVOCs by addressing several issues typically associated with chromatographic separation of such compounds (e.g., analyte degradation). The performance of this instrumentation is assessed through data obtained in the laboratory and during two field studies. We show that this instrument is able to successfully measure otherwise difficult-to-quantify compounds (e.g., organic hydroperoxides and organic nitrates) and observe the diurnal variations of a number of their isomers.
Comparative Analysis of MODIS, MISR and AERONET Climatology over the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Farahat Ashraf
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Comparative analysis of MISR MODIS, and AERONET AOD products performed over seven AERONET stations located in the Middle East and North Africa for the period of 2000–2015. Sites are categorized into dust, biomass burning and mixed. MISR and MODIS AODs agree during high dust seasons but MODIS tends to underestimate AODs during low dust seasons. Over dust dominating sites, MODIS/Terra AOD indicate a negative trend over the time series, while MODIS/Aqua, MISR, and AERONET depict a positive trend. A deviation between MODIS/Aqua and MODIS/Terra was observed regardless of the geographic location and data sampling. The performance of MODIS is similar over all region with ~ 68 % of AODs within the Δτ = ±0.05 ± 0.15τAERO confidence range. MISR AOD retrievals fall within 72 % of the same confidence range for all sites examined here. Both MISR and MODIS capture aerosol climatology; however few cases were observed where one of the two sensors better captures the climatology over a certain location or AOD range than the other sensor.
Modelling N2 fixation related to Trichodesmium sp.: driving processes and impacts on primary production in the tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Dutheil Cyril , Aumont Olivier , Gorguès Thomas , Lorrain Anne , Bonnet Sophie , Rodier Martine , Dupouy Cécile , Shiozaki Takuhei , Menkes Christophe
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Dinitrogen fixation is now
recognized as one of the major sources of bio-available nitrogen in the
ocean. Thus, N2 fixation sustains a significant part of the global
primary production by supplying the most common limiting nutrient for
phytoplankton growth. The “Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific
Experiment” (OUTPACE) improved the data coverage of the western tropical
South Pacific, an area recently
recognized as a hotspot of N2 fixation. This new development leads us
to develop and test an explicit N2 fixation formulation based on the
Trichodesmium physiology (the most studied nitrogen fixer) within a
3-D coupled dynamical–biogeochemical model (ROMS-PISCES). We performed a
climatological numerical simulation that is able to reproduce the main
physical (e.g. sea surface temperature) and biogeochemical patterns (nutrient
and chlorophyll concentrations, as well as N2 fixation) in the
tropical Pacific. This simulation displayed a Trichodesmium regional
distribution that extends from 150∘ E to 120∘ W in the
south tropical Pacific, and from 120∘ E to 140∘ W in the
north tropical Pacific. The local simulated maximuma were found around
islands (Hawaii, Fiji, Samoa, New Caledonia, Vanuatu). We assessed that
15 % of the total primary production may be due to Trichodesmium
in the low-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions (LNLC) of the tropical Pacific.
Comparison between our explicit and the often used (in biogeochemical models)
implicit parameterization of N2 fixation showed that the latter leads
to an underestimation of N2 fixation rates by about 25 % in LNLC
regions. Finally, we established that iron fluxes from island sediments
control the spatial distribution of Trichodesmium biomasses in the
western tropical South Pacific. Note, this last result does not take into
account the iron supply from rivers and hydrothermal sources, which may well
be of importance in a region known for its strong precipitation rates and
volcanic activity.
Extreme lowering of deglacial seawater radiocarbon content is recorded by both epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera
Authors: Rafter Patrick A. , Herguera Juan-Carlos , Southon John R.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. For over a decade, oceanographers have debated the interpretation and reliability of sediment microfossil records indicating extremely low seawater radiocarbon (14C) during the last deglaciation-observations that suggest a major disruption in marine carbon cycling coincident with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Possible flaws in these records include poor age model controls, utilization of mixed, infaunal foraminifera species possibly influenced by changing porewater chemistry, and bioturbation. We have addressed these concerns using a glacial-interglacial record of epifaunal benthic foraminifera 14C on an ideal sedimentary age model (wood calibrated to atmosphere 14C). Our results affirm – with important caveats – the fidelity of these microfossil archives and confirm previous observations of highly depleted seawater 14C at intermediate depths in the deglacial northeast Pacific.
Impact of skin effect on single-well push-pull tests with the presence of regional groundwater flow
Authors: Li Xu , Wen Zhang , Zhan Hongbin , Zhu Qi
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Single-well push-pull (SWPP) test is one of the most important ways to estimate aquifer transport parameters, e.g. porosity, dispersivity, rate of biogeochemical reaction, but its application for determining the regional groundwater velocity has rarely been discussed in previous studies. In this study, a new numerical model of SWPP test considering regional groundwater flow and skin effects was established using the finite-element COMSOL Multiphysics. The effects of regional groundwater flow velocity and skin properties on breakthrough curves (BTCs) were thoroughly analyzed. Several important results were obtained in this study. Firstly, the regional groundwater velocity affects the types of BTCs through changing the pattern and location of the dividing streamline. Secondly, a positive (or negative) skin leads to a slower (or faster) tracer transport process. That is, a positive skin results in a higher concentrations at early stage at a given time. Thirdly, a smaller hydraulic conductivity ratio δ of the positive skin to the formation results in greater solute plume retardation in the skin zone. Besides, a larger thickness of the positive skin leads to a higher tracer concentration around the well. The opposite is true if the skin is negative. The general conclusion is that the skin effects on SWPP test are significant and should be considered.
An assessment of sub snow GPS for quantification of snow water
equivalent
Authors: Steiner Ladina , Meindl Michael , Fierz Charles , Geiger Alain
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) contribute to various Earth observation applications. The present study investigates the potential and limitations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate in situ water equivalents of the snow cover (snow water equivalent, SWE) by using buried GPS antennas. GPS derived SWE is estimated over three seasons (2015/16–2017/18) at a high Alpine test site in Switzerland. Results are validated against state of the art reference sensors: snow scale, snow pillow, and manual observations. SWE is estimated with a high correspondence to the reference sensors for all three seasons. Results agree with a median relative bias below 10 % and are highly correlated to the mean of the three reference sensors. The sensitivity of the SWE quantification is assessed for different GPS ambiguity resolution techniques, as the results strongly depend on the GPS processing.
Caracteres frente a letras: ideografía y morfología en chino
Authors: Garrido Joaquín
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo analiza los dos sistemas oficiales chinos de escritura de letras y caracteres y la concepción ideográfica de los caracteres, en relación con la morfología de la lengua china. Para ello se muestran las propiedades morfológicas y fonológicas que subyacen a los dos sistemas: (i) las letras del 拼音 pīnyīn son fonémicas y (ii) los caracteres chinos 汉字 hànzì son morfémicos. Se propone que es incorrecta la concepción ideográfica de que los caracteres son ideogramas y representan ideas. Los caracteres en realidad representan morfemas de la lengua china de hoy, es decir, 普通话 pǔtōnghuà “la lengua común” o 汉语 hànyǔ “el chino”, el chino actual. Por tanto, “el mandarín” o 官话 guānhuà “la lengua de las autoridades” es un nombre incorrecto de 北方话 Běifānghuà “la lengua del norte”. Los caracteres se usan para representar otras lenguas chinas como el cantonés, 粤语 yuèyǔ, así como la lengua japonesa, y se han usado para representar el vietnamita y el coreano. En contra de las propuestas ideográficas, el sistema de escritura de caracteres 汉字, que es en sí mismo una parte fundamental de la cultura china, representa morfémicamente el chino actual, del mismo modo que el sistema de escritura de letras pīnyīn lo representa fonémicamente.
The concepts and methods of Western Chinese learning in the early period: A study based on Spanish missionary Francisco Varo’s Arte de la lengua Mandarina
Authors: 耿直 Zhi Geng
Published: July 2018

Spanish missionary Francisco Varo (1627-1678) is a pioneer in the history of Western and Chinese cross-cultural communication and Chinese Linguistics. His work Arte de la lengua Mandarina (Grammar of the Mandarin Language, written in 1682 and published in 1703) is not only one of the earliest Chinese grammar books officially published, but also a Chinese language teaching material especially designed for western missionaries. Its significance for the studies of the history of Chinese linguistics and social-culture has aroused concerns in the academic circle over last decade. However, its enlightening meanings as a Chinese second language textbook is undervalued. From the view of second language teaching, this paper discusses the language teaching concepts and methods of the early western Chinese learners reflected in the book and discloses its implications to the international Chinese language education at present.
The process of academic literacy in Civil Engineering Informatics: An approach to academic writing and its genres in a learning community
Authors: Marinkovich Juana , Sologuren Enrique , Shawky Maha
Published: July 2018

This paper is inserted in the field of academic literacy processes in the area of engineering. The aim of this study is to understand the current role of academic writing in the undergraduate university teaching in Civil Engineering Computer Science as an influential sub discipline in the world today. This research is based on the notion of academic and disciplinary writing (Bazerman, 1988, 2005; Motta-Roth, 1998; Navarro, 2015; Parodi, 2010; Swales, 1990, 2004) and relies on an ethnographic qualitative research methodology. The main results are presented in an explanatory model that shows, in the studied community, two key elements. On the one hand, the functional, practical, communicative and professional role of writing in this community, given the new requirements of the different production situations that demand a well-prepared computer civil engineer who is prepared to explain, justify and communicate his/her work to diverse audience. On the other hand, the prescriptive, traditional and highly normative rules that conceive academic literacy as a mechanism focused on the formal aspects and on the final product of the writing process. In summary, both elements carry a series of pedagogical implications in the teaching procedure of scientific writing that opens the door for future research.
Debate in Translating Nouns in the Holy Quran
Authors: Momani Islam Al , Malkawi Nibal , Smadi Mona , Khasawneh Raed
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the semantic issues and problems related to nouns that some translators in their translation of the Holy Quran, couldn't translate it successfully such as Abdullah Yusuf and Souleymane Kanté. Although they did a great effort and their translation is successful but they fail to convey the meaning to some nouns. The researcher tried to introduce some suggestions to improve translation of nouns in the Holy Quran by explaining some of these issues, and not to undermine these translations.As the terminology of the Quran reflects the history of the rise of a monotheistic religion in Arabia, the terminology of its translation into Maninka reflects the long history of islamization of the Manding-speaking peoples, Souleymane Kanté's translation as an example.  On the other hand, some Arabic translations to English are also available, Abdullah Yusuf's translation as an example.The researcher investigated troubles these two translators face in translating the Holy Quran by providing some examples. It was clear that Yusufs' translation based on finding equivalent of nouns of the Quran in the target culture which is not always available, while Kante's translation based on that there are many words in the target language which can stand for any noun in the Holy Quran.The researcher concludes that Kante's translation is better and more professional because languages develops and translators must always find equivalent words in the target culture to convey the meaning they are seeking to explain.
The Racial Legacy of the Enlightenment in Simón Bolívar's Political Thought
Authors: Gallegos-Ordorica Sergio Armando
Published: July 2018

This article offers a critical complement to Diego von Vacano's differential characterization of Bolívar's political thought and his understanding of race through a comparative analysis between Bolívar's views and those of certain philosophers of the Enlightenment. Indeed, von Vacano argues that Bolívar's contributions to republican theory have traditionally been ignored by the Anglo-American tradition. Though von Vacano is right in underscoring that Bolívar's political thought deserves more attention since it contains valuable contributions that stand in “contradistinction to prevalent discourses in European and American intellectual history”, this article argues that, if we reconstruct the genealogy of Bolívar's political thought by tracing it back to Montesquieu and Rousseau, it turns out to be very different in some respects from the views voiced in European discourses, but is also bears the imprint of certain racist assumptions and biases. This article also offers a brief diagnosis of the tensions that are found in Bolívar's political thought.
A Tribute to Ursula K. Le Guin (1929–2018)
Authors: Roemer Kenneth M.
Published: July 2018

I present this tribute in the form of a letter to Ursula K. Le Guin, with whom I corresponded for more than forty years. The letter expresses praise for her work and character that I wish I had shared with her more fully during her life. I specifically emphasize her ability to invite readers to question restrictive gender classifications and to consider the origins of their joys and fears. I highlight her courage, demonstrated not only in her attack on the misuse of power by Amazon but also in her most ambitions work, Always Coming Home (1985), which almost went unpublished because it did not fit any defined literary genre. I conclude with a tribute to her acts of generosity to the inexperienced young scholar I once was to the old Sidewalker she continued to advise into his seventies.
On Utopian (Im)Perfection and Solidarity in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Coming Race
Authors: Komsta Marta
Published: July 2018

The question of solidarity in utopian narratives is connected with the long-standing juxtaposition of the collective and the individual in the sociopolitical model of the commonwealth; foregrounded here is the connection between the systemic solidarity of the state and the individualized solidarity between its members. Following the definitions of solidarity proposed by Jodi Dean, Max Pensky, and others, the article discusses Edward Bulwer-Lytton's seminal Victorian utopia, The Coming Race (1871), in the context of the relationship between utopian collectivism and its politics of exclusion and/or elimination of potentially disruptive elements. In contrast to a typical approach to the text as a satire on some of the prevalent issues of the period, this article argues that, by accentuating the evolutionary disparity between the protagonist and his utopian hosts, Bulwer-Lytton's utopia enables an investigation into an often ambivalent relationship between diverse definitions of solidarity.
Counternarratives of Solidarity in Janusz A. Zajdel's Dystopian Fiction
Authors: Maziarczyk Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

The novels of Janusz A. Zajdel, the key representative of Polish social science fiction, constitute a significant contribution to the dystopian literary tradition, but they remain virtually unknown in anglophone countries, as none of them has been translated into English. Inspired by the political and social realities of the 1970s Polish People's Republic, Zajdel depicts supposedly utopian forms of social organization in which an underground “second life” evolves in response to their totalitarian underpinnings and explores the role solidarity plays in their duplicitous self-representation as well as in their citizens' everyday strategies of resistance, accommodation, and adaptation. Drawing on Sally J. Scholz's differentiation between social, civic, and political solidarity, this article analyzes configurations of its oppressive appropriation and subversive recuperation in Zajdel's three major works: Limes inferior (1982), Wyjście z cienia (1983), and Paradyzja (1984).
Practice of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Governmental Sector
Authors: Alanazi Tawfeeq Mohammed
Published: July 2018

The reason of conducting this research is that there is no reliable study measures entrepreneurial orientation (EO) at government entities. EO among commercial organisations is widely addressed in previous research and literature due the intense market competition where this type of organisations should invigorate and accelerate EO to lead markets. Nevertheless, there is quite small number of research works that examine EO among semi-governmental organisations. However, those research works are not sophisticated enough to measure the impact of adopting and implementing EO within governmental organisations. The four principles of EO, which are innovation, autonomy, risk-taking and pro-activeness are applied to examine the extent of implications among governmental sectors and impact of EO on an organisation’s performance. Continually, organisations’ performance is been identified by three elements. These are stimulating internal environmental effectiveness, ability to achieve the organisation’s goals and individual ability for self-development. The research is applied among Saudi governmental sectors in Tabuk City. Measurement items and instruments adopted from previous studies. Then, the exploratory factor analysis performed to determine applicability of EO factors among governmental sectors. Exploratory factor analysis proves that some factors, such as innovation and autonomy have a significant reason to be applied. The research results show that innovation has an impact on the internal environment to stimulate internal environmental effectiveness. However, the research could not find any link between innovation, ability to achieve organisation’s goals and individual ability for self-development. On the other hand, the internal environment’s effectiveness and ability to achieve an organisation’s goals can be increased if there is quite good margin of autonomy. Furthermore, whenever risk-taking attitude is high, individual development ability is clearly high as well. Finally, pro-activeness has a slight link with ability to achieve organisation’s goals.
Arabic Learners’ Preferences for Instagram English Lessons
Authors: AlGhamdi Mohammeed A.
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the use of the social network Instagram to provide supplementary English language learning material to learners from Arabic speaking countries. The author was able to use his online account in Instagram to assess the needs of these learners through data analyses. The content made specific to Arabic speakers by offering translation in each post from English into Arabic and vice versa to foster their interest in the English language. The account was followed by more than 48000 learners. The study aimed to comprehend how Arab learners promote the process of learning English language via the use of the social network Instagram. The study found that Arab learners do not like complicated, lengthy information and, instead, prefer simple, brief explanations related to the English language. The results of this study suggest that a similar program of offering English lessons on Instagram in the future would have an even greater following if only simplified content was offered.
Late Quaternary Environments of the Teton Mountains, Wyoming: A Pollen Record from Green Lake
Authors: Balmaki Behnaz , Wigand Peter
Published: July 2018

Late Quaternary forest succession in Wyoming’s Rocky Mountains, occurred in random patterns, because it reflects differences between the Glacial vegetation at lower elevations on the east vs. the west of the Rockies, as well as along the mountain crest to the south. Differential melting of mountain glaciers resulted in differences in the timing of recolonization. Significant variations in the composition of plant assemblages occurred due to delays in species’ arrival, and even in the exclusion of species. Holocene climate variability, especially ongoing global warming, added to the complex dynamics of plant assemblages with warm climate species replacing early Holocene, cooler climate species. The pollen record from Green Lake (located in a glacial cirque on the west side of the Teton Mountains in Teton County, Wyoming) addresses the local vegetation response from just before the fall of Mazama ash to the end of the middle Holocene warm period. Although the earlier portion of the pollen sequence records some of the last adjustments as some plant species were still arriving after de-glaciation, by the time Mazama ash fell it was climate variation that determined most of the dynamics observed in the Green Lake record. The results reveal a sequence of wetter and drier periods based upon the presence of diagnostic tree species.  A moist late early Holocene was followed by a dry middle Holocene, which ended about 6,400 cal. B.P., and was followed between 5,000 to 2,800 cal. B.P. by a sequence of drier and moister climate episodes.
Een positieve relatie tussen beleid en kennis
Authors: van Hoesel Peter , Herold Max
Published: July 2018

Een positieve relatie tussen beleid en kennis

Het ontwikkelen van succesvol overheidsbeleid vraagt om een systematische benutting van kennis uit wetenschap én praktijk. In dit artikel wordt beschreven op welke manier die systematische benutting kan worden bewerkstelligd. Als de afstand tussen kennis en beleidsontwikkeling kan worden verkleind en tevens wordt gekozen voor een proces van open beleidsontwikkeling, zal de benutting van kennis tijdens het beleidsproces beter verlopen. Daarbij dienen tegelijkertijd diverse voorwaarden te worden gesteld aan een adequate programmering van het corresponderende beleidsonderzoek.
How Business School Professors Can Assist in Reducing Today´s Lack of Ethics in Business
Authors: Degen Ronald Jean
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses how business school professors can assist in reducing today’s lack of ethics in business by orienting future leaders on how to behave and decide properly when confronted with the myriad ethical dilemmas of the corporate world. To accomplish this, business school professors must be able to make future leaders understand what is right and what is wrong from the ethical point of view. This requires that they engage these future leaders in philosophical discussions on ethics in business, particularly to deconstruct the misconceptions that justify today’s unethical behavior. To help them in these discussions this paper presents three explanations for today’s unethical behavior, the most important misconceptions built on five half-truths, the fundamental ethical principles, and the requisites of skilled ethical reasoning.
The solutions similarity of the similar conflicts
Authors: Ameljańczyk Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The work deals with the examination of solutions similarity of similar conflicts, presented in the form of multiperson cooperative games. There is examined the similarity of the two most well-known in the literature concepts of the cooperative game solutions: Shapley solution and nucleolus (Schmeidler solution [9]). The work presents an idea of using a solution of the pattern conflict most similar to the considered conflict as a its solution.
Modelling quantum register disentanglement
Authors: Ryszawa Paweł, Aleksander
Published: July 2018

Implementing quantum-inspired algorithms on classical computers suffers trade-off between the necessity of saving operational memory and the amount of memory necessary to fully represent a quantum state with possible entanglement. The latter is well known to consume the memory exponentially in the number of qubits. This paper sketches out the idea on how to reduce significantly the amount of necessary memory while distorting the entanglement moderately or not at all. At present, considered are real nonnegative probability amplitudes.