bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Anticoagulants Remains a Significant Threat to Timely Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Taranu Razvan , Redclift Chelsea , Williams Patrick , Diament Marina , Tate Anne , Maddox Jamie , Wilson Faye , Eardley Will
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Hip fracture remains the biggest single source of morbidity and mortality in the elderly trauma population, and any intervention focused on quality improvement and system efficiency is beneficial for both patients and clinicians. Two of the variables contributory to improving care and efficiency are time to theater and length of stay, with the overall goal being to improve care as reflected within the achievement of best practice tariff. One of the biggest barriers to optimizing these variables is preinjury anticoagulation.

Method:

Building on our previous work with warfarin in this population, we utilized a regional hip fracture collaborative network collecting prospective data through the National Hip Fracture Database with custom fields pertaining to all agents, including novel oral anticoagulants.

Results:

In all, 1965 hip fracture patients median age 83 years (1639 not anticoagulated) were admitted to the 5 centers over 12 months. Median length of stay was 20.71 days; time to theater 23.09 hours, and the populations (anticoagulated vs control) were evenly matched for injury. Anticoagulated patients were delayed to theater ( P ≤ .001), were inpatients for longer ( P ≤ .001) and gained less best practice tariff ( P ≤ .05). All variables per agent were noted and the impact of each assessed.

Conclusions:

Despite the widespread use of newer anticoagulants, popular due to unmonitored reversal and administration, patients stay longer in hospital and wait longer for surgery than nonanticoagulated patients of the same age and injury. Contemporary perioperative practices impact negatively on the ability to perform timely surgery on hip fracture patients. We propose a guideline specific to the management of anticoagulation in the hip fracture population to aid the optimum preparation of patients for theater, achievement of timely surgery, and potentially reduce length of stay.
The Effect of Empowerment and Educational Programs on the Quality of Life in Iranian Women with HIV
Authors: Moghadam Zahra Behboodi , Rezaei Elham , Sharifi Bahareh , Nejat Saharnaz , Saeieh Sara Esmaelzadeh , Khiaban Maryam Ordibeheshti
Published: March 2018

AIDS affects physical, mental, social, and psychological health status. One of the goals of Health for All in the 21st century is to improve the quality of life. This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 120 HIV-positive women. Women were administered assessment questionnaires to be completed during the structured interview. After sample collection, participants were divided randomly into 3 groups by using the table of random numbers, then, respectively, received educational intervention, empowerment program, and routine procedures offered by the center and were followed by refilling the questionnaires 12 weeks after intervention. Depending on the type of data, chi-square, analysis of variance, and paired t test were used, and SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis. The finding showed that knowledge increased after intervention in educational ( P = .02) and empowerment groups ( P = .006); also empowerment group indicated significant difference in psychological ( P = .006) and spiritual ( P = .001) domains and their total quality of life ( P = .004). According to this study, exposing HIV-positive women to empowerment education is effective in improving their quality of life.
Anthropometric and Radiologic Measurements of Coracoid Dimensions and Clinical Implications in an Indian Population
Authors: Joshi Deepak , Gupta Lalit Mohan , Tanwar Milind , Lal Ajay , Chaudhary Deepak
Published: March 2018

Background:

Recurrent shoulder dislocation and anterior instability are most commonly attributed to pathology of the capsulolabral complex with the presence of bony loss at the humeral and glenoid surfaces. Unassessed bone loss has been a cause of failure of primary soft tissue procedures or recurrence of symptoms, despite adequate address of soft tissue pathology.

Purpose:

To study the anthropometric and radiologic dimensions of the coracoid in relation to glenoid bone loss, its adequacy in filling glenoid defects in an Indian population, and whether the choice of surgical technique (congruent arc vs classical) and graft positioning alters the surgical results. This study also intended to establish whether computed tomography measurements correlate with actual anthropometric measurements.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 64 participants with 108 healthy shoulders were included in this study. Additionally, 100 skeletally mature bone specimens of the scapula were measured to assess glenoid diameter as well as coracoid width and length in 2 perpendicular planes with a humeral subtraction 3-dimensional en face glenoid view.

Results:

Specimen and participant measurements proved that the congruent arc technique was able to fill up to 50% more glenoid bone loss than the classical technique in an Indian population (mean ± SD, 13.45 ± 6.97 vs 7.96 ± 4.89 mm, respectively), with computed tomography being the best and most accurate modality to study it. The mean difference in the bone block length restoration of the glenoid bony arc was 5.41 ± 2.08 mm. Radii of curvature were congruent in populations of the Indian subcontinent.

Conclusion:

The congruent arc technique can be performed in an Indian population but with caution and careful presurgical assessment of bone loss. However, adequate coracoid dimension to accommodate the implant for fixation without failure must be ensured, as anthropometry suggests the existence of a subset of the population in whom the graft may have compromised width for accommodating standard implants for fixation.
Generating urban fabric in the orthogonal or non-orthogonal urban landscape
Authors: Gong Qingyu , Li Jingzhu , Liu Tong , Wang Na
Published: March 2018

Urban designers find it virtually impossible to (re)construct self-organising urban fabric formed by a synthesis of various builders. Here we show how generic, bottom-up grammars represent historic urban fabric in a unique context, and how shape rules are embedded in the evolutionary context. This paper generalises and formalises a context-free grammar and a context-sensitive grammar to describe and design two broadly categorised (i.e. orthogonal and non-orthogonal) urban patterns. Both grammars are constructive and employ morphological parameters to govern the patterning towards a desired form. The context-free grammar describes the density and aggregation of built forms while the context-sensitive grammar represents the interactions between streets and plots. Both grammars were applied to preserve the figure-ground relationship and proved effective in designing complex urban fabric.
Clinical–insurer engagement to improve maternity safety in the UK, Ireland, Sweden and Australia
Authors: Yau Christopher W H , Quick Oliver , Draycott Timothy
Published: March 2018

Objective

To explore different models of clinical–insurer engagement around maternity safety and to understand how state insurers could and should engage with clinical staff to improve outcomes and reduce harm.

Design

Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with senior representatives from state insurers. Transcripts were analysed to identify different models of engagement. Themes were also elicited from the transcripts. A further one-day focus group allowed for clarification and elaboration of these themes.

Participants

Senior representatives from state insurers in England, Scotland, Wales, Republic of Ireland, Sweden and Victoria, Australia.

Results

A variety of clinical engagement activities were undertaken by the insurers. These included training on claims and risk management, hospital site visits, facilitating multi-professional network meetings and working with clinical experts to develop best practice recommendations. Some insurers engaged with frontline clinical staff through collaborative patient safety programmes. The themes (identity and size, data and research, incentivising improvement and system integration) were important for considering the role of state insurers within health systems and how insurers could engage with clinical teams.

Conclusions

This study identified different examples of clinical–insurer engagement. Whilst this was encouraging, the relationships between insurers and clinical teams could be developed further. Insurers and clinical staff could still collaborate more closely and work together in improving patient outcomes. Whilst not specifically their domain, insurers do have a role in patient safety. Closer clinical collaboration may strengthen this contribution.
Health, performance and conduct concerns among older doctors: A retrospective cohort study of notifications received by medical regulators in Australia
Authors: Thomas Laura A , Milligan Eleanor , Tibble Holly , Too Lay S , Studdert David M , Spittal Matthew J , Bismark Marie M
Published: March 2018

Objectives

To determine whether ‘older doctors’ (aged over 65) are at higher risk of notifications to the medical regulator than ‘younger doctors’ (aged 36–60 years) regarding their health, performance and/or conduct.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National dataset of 12,878 notifications lodged with medical regulators in Australia between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014.

Participants

All registered doctors in Australia aged 36–60 and >65 years during the study period.

Main outcome measures

Incidence rates of notifications and incidence rate ratios of notifications (older versus younger doctors).

Results

Older doctors had higher notification rates (90.9 compared with 66.6 per 1000 practitioner years, p < 0.001). Sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios showed that older doctors had a higher risk of notifications relating to physical illness or cognitive decline (incidence rate ratio = 15.54), inadequate record keeping (incidence rate ratio = 1.98), unlawful use or supply of medications (incidence rate ratio = 2.26), substandard certificates/reports (incidence rate ratio = 2.02), inappropriate prescribing (incidence rate ratio = 1.99), disruptive behaviours (incidence rate ratio = 1.37) and substandard treatment (incidence rate ratio = 1.24). Older doctors had lower notification rates relating to mental illness and substance misuse (incidence rate ratio = 0.58) and for performance issues relating to problems with procedures (incidence rate ratio = 0.61).

Conclusions

Older doctors were at higher risk for notifications relating to physical or cognitive impairment, records and reports, prescribing or supply of medicines, disruptive behaviour and treatment. They were at lower risk for notifications about mental illness or substance misuse. Incorporating knowledge of these patterns into regulatory practices, workplace adjustments and continuing education/assessment could enhance patient care.
Artificial Intelligence Approach for Variant Reporting
Authors: Zomnir Michael G. , Lipkin Lev , Pacula Maciej , Dominguez Meneses Enrique , MacLeay Allison , Duraisamy Sekhar , Nadhamuni Nishchal , Al Turki Saeed H. , Zheng Zongli , Rivera Miguel , Nardi Valentina , Dias-Santagata Dora , Iafrate A. John , Le Long P. , Lennerz Jochen K.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Next-generation sequencing technologies are actively applied in clinical oncology. Bioinformatics pipeline analysis is an integral part of this process; however, humans cannot yet realize the full potential of the highly complex pipeline output. As a result, the decision to include a variant in the final report during routine clinical sign-out remains challenging.

Methods

We used an artificial intelligence approach to capture the collective clinical sign-out experience of six board-certified molecular pathologists to build and validate a decision support tool for variant reporting. We extracted all reviewed and reported variants from our clinical database and tested several machine learning models. We used 10-fold cross-validation for our variant call prediction model, which derives a contiguous prediction score from 0 to 1 (no to yes) for clinical reporting.

Results

For each of the 19,594 initial training variants, our pipeline generates approximately 500 features, which results in a matrix of > 9 million data points. From a comparison of naive Bayes, decision trees, random forests, and logistic regression models, we selected models that allow human interpretability of the prediction score. The logistic regression model demonstrated 1% false negativity and 2% false positivity. The final models’ Youden indices were 0.87 and 0.77 for screening and confirmatory cutoffs, respectively. Retraining on a new assay and performance assessment in 16,123 independent variants validated our approach (Youden index, 0.93). We also derived individual pathologist-centric models (virtual consensus conference function), and a visual drill-down functionality allows assessment of how underlying features contributed to a particular score or decision branch for clinical implementation.

Conclusion

Our decision support tool for variant reporting is a practically relevant artificial intelligence approach to harness the next-generation sequencing bioinformatics pipeline output when the complexity of data interpretation exceeds human capabilities.
Deubiquitylases USP5 and USP13 are recruited to and regulate heat-induced stress granules through their deubiquitylating activities
Authors: Xie Xuan , Matsumoto Shunsuke , Endo Akinori , Fukushima Toshiaki , Kawahara Hiroyuki , Saeki Yasushi , Komada Masayuki
Published: March 2018

Stress granules are transient cytoplasmic foci induced by various stresses that contain translation-stalled mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. They are proposed to modulate mRNA translation and stress responses. Here, we show that the deubiquitylases USP5 and USP13 are recruited to heat-induced stress granules. Heat-induced stress granules also contained K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains. Depletion of USP5 or USP13 resulted in elevated ubiquitin chain levels and accelerated assembly of heat-induced stress granules, suggesting that these enzymes regulate the stability of the stress granules through their ubiquitin isopeptidase activity. Moreover, disassembly of heat-induced stress granules after returning the cells to normal temperatures was markedly repressed by individual depletion of USP5 or USP13. Finally, overexpression of a ubiquitin mutant lacking the C-terminal diglycine motif caused the accumulation of unanchored ubiquitin chains and the repression of the disassembly of heat-induced stress granules. As unanchored ubiquitin chains are preferred substrates for USP5, we suggest that USP5 regulates the assembly and disassembly of heat-induced stress granules by mediating the hydrolysis of unanchored ubiquitin chains while USP13 regulates stress granules through deubiquitylating protein-conjugated ubiquitin chains.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Genetic dissection of the phosphoinositide cycle in Drosophila photoreceptors
Authors: Liu Che-Hsiung , Bollepalli Murali K. , Long Samuel V. , Asteriti Sabrina , Tan Julie , Brill Julie A. , Hardie Roger C.
Published: March 2018

Phototransduction in Drosophila is mediated by phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of PIP2­, and is an important model for phosphoinositide signalling. Although generally assumed to operate by generic machinery conserved from yeast to mammals, some key elements of the phosphoinositide cycle have yet to be identified in Drosophila photoreceptors. Here, we used transgenic flies expressing fluorescently tagged probes (P4M and TbR332H), which allow in vivo quantitative measurements of PI4P and PIP2 dynamics in photoreceptors of intact living flies. Using mutants and RNA interference for candidate genes potentially involved in phosphoinositide turnover, we identified Drosophila PI4KIIIα (CG10260) as the PI4-kinase responsible for PI4P synthesis in the photoreceptor membrane. Our results also indicate that PI4KIIIα activity requires rbo (the Drosophila orthologue of Efr3) and CG8325 (orthologue of YPP1), both of which are implicated as scaffolding proteins necessary for PI4KIIIα activity in yeast and mammals. However, our evidence indicates that the recently reported central role of dPIP5K59B (CG3682) in PIP2 synthesis in the rhabdomeres should be re-evaluated; although PIP2 resynthesis was suppressed by RNAi directed against dPIP5K59B, little or no defect was detected in a reportedly null mutant (dPIP5K18).
Factors targeting MED12 to drive tumorigenesis?
Authors: Bullerdiek Jörn , Rommel Birgit
Published: March 2018

Mediator Subcomplex 12 (MED12) is part of the transcriptional preinitiation machinery. Mutations of its gene predominantly occur in two types of highly frequent benign tumors, uterine leiomyomas and fibroadenomas of the breast, where they apparently act as driver mutations. Nevertheless, their presence is not restricted to benign tumors having been found at considerable frequencies in uterine leiomyosarcomas, malignant phyllodes tumors, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia also. Most of the mutations are located within exon 2 of the gene but in rare cases the intron 1/exon 2 boundary or exon 1 are affected. As to their type, predominantly single nucleotide exchanges with a hotspot in one codon are found, but small deletions clustering around that hotspot also are not uncommon. According to their presumed classification as gain-of-function mutations, these latter deletions are leaving the open reading frame intact. As to the types of mutations, so far no apparent differences between the tumor entities affected have emerged. Interestingly, this pattern with small deletions clustered around the hotspot of single nucleotide exchanges resembles that seen as a result of targeted gene editing. In contrast to other driver mutations the percentage of MED12-mutation positive tumors of independent clonal origin increases with the number of tumors per patient suggesting unknown etiological factors supporting site specific mutagenesis.  These factors may act by inducing simultaneous site-specific double strand breaks the erroneous repair of which may lead to corresponding mutations. As inducers of DNA damage and its repair such as foreign nucleic acids of the microbiome displaying sequence homology to the putative target site might play a role. Interestingly, a 16 base pair homology of the hotspot to a putative terminator base-paired hairpin sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus tRNA gene cluster has been noted which might form R-loop like structures with its target sequence thus inducing said changes.
GENE OF SOMATOTROPIN CASCADE POLYMORPHISMS, ASSOCIATED WITH BEEF PRODUCTIVITY OF KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED COWS
Authors: Бейшова Индира , Beishova Indira
Published: March 2018

The aim of the research was to establish the genotype asssociation of the polymorphisms bPit-1-HinfI, bGH-AluI and bGHR-SspI with the beef productivity of Kazakh white-headed cattle. The material of the studies was the blood of farm animals. Blood samples and boning data were provided by LP «Zhanabek» and LP «Karaman-K», Kostanay region. The animal genotypes were determined by polymerase chain re-action-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical processing of the results of genotyping and zoo-technical data was carried out using the programs Statistica 6.0 and Microsoft Excel. Evaluation of geno-types with meat productivity was carried out according to the live weight index, and indices characterizing the physique of animals were also analyzed. The results of the studies showed that the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA of the pituitary transcription factor-1 gene was positively associated with the stretch sign at the age of 24 months. Thus, the index of the stretch index in cows with the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA is 132.768 (126.667; 137.500), while this indicator for cows with genotypes bPit-1-HinFIAB and bPit-1-HinFIBB is 127.966 (120.833; 137.705 ) and 119.643 (117.544; 124.074) The polymorphism bIGF-1-SnaBI is associ-ated with the sign of live weight at the age of 12, 18, 24 months (the highest value is the genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIAB and bIGF-1-SnaBIAA, the smallest is the genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB). Thus, the genotype bPit-1-HinFIAA can be recommended as a genetic marker for the increased meat productivity of cattle of Kazakh white-headed breed. The genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB is a marker of reduced meat productivity of cattle. Working with polymorphism bIGF-1-SnaBI, as with a genetic marker, should not be based on selection on a preferred genotype, but on elimination of the negative genotype bIGF-1-SnaBIBB
NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY OF BULL CALVES BY CONCENTRATE ZOLOTOY FELUTSEN DIET
Authors: Губайдуллин Наиль , Gubaidullin Nail' , Зубаирова Лилия , Zubairova Liliy , Фахретдинов Ильдар , Fahretdinov Il'dar
Published: March 2018

The purpose of researches is improving the productive qualities of young Black-Motley breed, when fed as a part of diet by protein-carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral forage concentrate Zolotoy Felutsen. The object of research was 60 heads of 6-month bulls of Black-and-White breed. According to the principle analogues they were formed into 4 groups of 15 individuals each. Experimental animals were created identical condi-tions of feeding and keeping. The difference was that in the rations of young animals II, III and IV groups included feed containing 1 kg 50, 75 and 100 g protein-carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral forage concentrate Zolotoy Felutsen. The diets of experimental animals was based on the chemical composition of feeds and their actual nutritional value in accordance with the detailed rules of feeding. The research results indicate that the feeding part of the diet forage concentrate Zolotoy Felutsen promotes better digestion of nutrients. Thus, the bulls of the experimental groups surpassed the animals of the control group in terms of dry matter digestibility by 1.74 (P≥0.05); 4.75 (P≤0.01) and 4.98% (P≤0.01), organic matter – on 1.73(P≥0.05); 4.44 (P≤0.01) and 4.89% (P≤0.01), crude protein – on 1.6 (P≥0.05); 4.55 (P≤0.01) and 3.67%, crude fat – on 0.9 (P≥0.05); 1.47 (P≥0.05) and 0.75% (P≥0.05). On the basis of the received data on the accepted and digested nutrients coefficients of their digestibility were calculated. Studies have shown that the best rates of nutrients digestibility of the diet are achieved by feeding the bulls feed containing 75 g/kg of the feed concentrate
PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF THE SIMMENTAL BREED BULLS BY PROBIOTICS VETOSPORIN SUSPENSION FEEDING
Authors: Вагапов Фаргат , Vagapov Fargat , Гизатова Наталья , Gizatova Natal'y
Published: March 2018

The purpose of research is increase of beef productivity and beef quality of Simmental calves at introduc-tion in a diet of feeding different doses of the drug Vetosporin suspension. Of the half-yearly animals, 40 males were selected and formed into group IV for the experiment. The differences were only in feeding. The young were fed the studied additive Vetosporin suspension. In this case, the supplement was an addi-tion to the basic diet of animals of the experimental II-IV groups. The volume of the additive added was 0.1; 1.0; and 2 ml per 10 kg of live weight, respectively. Control group I, consumed exclusively a diet that does not contain an additive. Based on the results of the experiment at the age of 18 months. The prevalence of bulls of the experimental live weight over peers was observed, which was 4.4-25.3 kg (0.78-4.67%). The study of the studied indicators after control slaughter in the context of groups showed the superiority of bulls of experimental groups in all the periods studied. It is established that at the age of 15 months. The size of the removable live weight of the youngest of the control group was less by 8.0-19.7 kg (1.75-4.29%) than in the animals of the test groups. In this case, the leading position was occupied by the youngest of group III, the prevalence of which was 0.7-11.7 (0.14 -2.51%). It should be noted that after 3 months a simi-lar picture of the distribution of the studied quantities was observed. As for the output of carcass, we can note the following. Outsider among the animals of the experimental groups was the control group. So the bulls of group I were inferior to those who received the additive by 0.7-1.3%. At 18 months, as well as at 15 months, the dominant position was occupied by gobies of experimental groups. It should be noted that among the animals of the experimental groups the leading place was occupied by the bulls receiving the feed additive in a dose of 1.0 ml per 10 kg of live weight, that is, the youngest of the III group.
THE VARIETAL COMPOSITION OF HEREFORD BREED DIFFERENT GENOTYPES CALVES CARCASES
Authors: Хакимов Исмагиль , Khakimov Ismagil , Мударисов Ринат , Mudarisov Rinat
Published: March 2018

The aim of the investigation was to improve the beef quality and varietal composition of of the Hereford breed calves carcasses by interbreeding using bulls of canadian selection. The comparative estimation of a varietal composition of carcasses of bull-calves of the Hereford breed received from bulls-producers of the canadian and domestic selection is resulted. The control slaughter of young animals was carried out at the age of 18 months. Meat division into grades was conducted according to the current GOST 7595-79. All animals were classified in the highest to fatness – to 1 category. It was found that carcasses of bulls of different genotypes had different varietal composition. The highest meat content of the highest grade was characterized by the carcass, obtained from the descendants of the bulls form the canadian selection. The large quantity of Prime beef steers given the group's Wide Load 391W – 59.3 kg, 6.6 kg more than calves obtained from bulls of domestic breeding (12.5%, P>0.95). The superiority of the bull-offspring of this bull over the animals of the control group was 6.3 kg (11.9%, P>0.95). On the yield of premium beef, the differ-ences between the groups were insignificant and unreliable. Young growth received from the canadian bulls, was characterized by a good exit of meat of the first grade. From each bull was obtained from 115.8 to 119.2 kg of beef first grade, more than from steers in the control group 10.1 (P>0,95), of 6.7 and 7.7 kg In the relative magnitude of it was 9.3, of 6.1 and 7.1%, respectively. The beeft yield of the first grade the biggest differences between groups were not established, as well as the quantity and beeef yield of the second grade
Nowa polityka. Wprowadzenie do ewolucyjności
Authors: Korab-Karpowicz W. Julian
Published: March 2018

On the New Politics: An Introduction to Evolutionity
This article introduces a vision of the new politics that emerges from my recent book Tractatus Politico‑Philosophicus. The Tractatus discusses a number of topics. To name just a few, these are: politics, human nature, the state, freedom, solidarity, democracy, civilization, family and marriage, power, international relations, war and peace. Also, it introduces new words, such as sophocracy, ennobled democracy; nativeculturalism (an alternative to multiculturalism); or parentsexuality, a privileged form of sexuality. It addresses many issues that concern today’s political thinkers. The main objective of my work is to demonstrate the necessity of, and provide a guide for, the redirection of humanity. The piece argues that this paradigm shift must involve changing the character of social life and politics from competitive to cooperative, encouraging moral and intellectual virtues, providing foundations for happy societies, promoting peace amongcountries and building a strong international community. The article attempts to show that the essence of politics is not a struggle for power, which can only be its derivative meaning, but rather the ability to organize society for cooperationand actualize a good life. It also reminds humanity of its high task, which is moral and intellectual perfection, and advancing human evolution.
Jeremy Bentham i rządy graczy w pchełki, czyli rzecz o tym, że nie każdy liberał jest liberalny
Authors: Tulejski Tomasz
Published: March 2018

Jeremy Bentham and the Tiddlywinks Player Rules, That Is About That Not Every Liberal Is Liberal Jeremy Bentham is one of the most important Anglo‑Saxon political thinkers, jurists, social reformers and founders of utilitarianism. He also deserves a prominent position in the history of democratic ideas. Bentham not only perceived popular rule as a vehicle for the materialisation of his vision of utilitarian society, but he also gave us a detailed picture of the basic institutions of that form of democracy. In this article the Author suggests that Benthamiam political concept is not liberal but radical and also rooted in continental radical philosophy of French Enlightenment. By rejecting classical liberal ideas such as natural rights, law of nature, social contract and limited government he opened the door for the democratic tyranny of mediocrity justified by the victory of equality over liberty.
W poszukiwaniu źródeł międzynarodowej atrakcyjności Szwecji
Authors: Kobierecka Anna , Kobierecki Michał
Published: March 2018

In Search of the Source of International Attractiveness of Sweden. A Cultural Dimension

The aim of the article is to investigate the selected ways by which Sweden shapes its international attractiveness using culture. The research is empirical and is directed at verification of hypotheses stating that culture should be regarded as animportant factor of shaping Sweden’s brand and that the chain of IKEA stores is an extraordinary channel of enhancing Sweden’s national brand with the use of culture. The others that are worth mentioning are the Swedish Institute and thewebsite sweden.se.
Dociekliwi jako nowy ruch społeczny: aspekty polityczne prawa dostępu do informacji publicznej w Nowej Zelandii
Authors: Wałdoch Marcin
Published: March 2018

The Inquisitives as a New Social Movement: Political Aspects of Public Information Law Access in New Zealand
In this paper the Author analyzes new social movement labeled the “Inquisitives”. It apparently has its roots in political thought and in philosophy of “the right to know”. New Zealand adopted the Official Information Act in 1980 to give citizensthe formal right to inquire about the public affairs. As society has evolved under constant technological pressure so has evolved the way in which people get information. The information society strives for information about political issues, and about political‑public affairs. The Author of this paper suggests that a new social movement has been operating globally, considering the particular case of the Inquisitives movement in New Zealand. The paper aims to explore its genesis, background, roles, functions, political values, motives and goals.
Internetowa reklama wyborcza a reklama w „starych” mediach w polskich kampaniach parlamentarnych w latach 2001-2015
Authors: Żurawski Jakub
Published: March 2018

Internet Electoral Advertising and Advertising in the “Old” Media in Polish Parliamentary Campaigns from 2001 to 2015

In this paper the author discusses the issues of popularity of electoral advertising in the “old” and “new” media. He proposes four theses about the use of such type of advertising in Poland. The issues discussed include: spending on campaign ads in the “old” media; spending on campaign ads on the Internet, spending on communication services other than advertising, determining the types of election campaigns (modern or post‑modern). The author discusses the financial reportssubmitted after each campaign by electoral committees to the National Electoral Commission and on this basis the research hypotheses are verified. In addition, the paper briefly describes the evolution of forms of political advertising on theInternet and television. The study makes it possible to formulate opinions about the direction of development of electioneering forms in Poland at the beginning of 21stcentury.
Multiscalar Narrative Identities: Individual and Nation, Europe and Eurasia
Authors: Hann Chris
Published: March 2018

The paper explores narratives of identity on multiple scales between the individual and the Eurasian landmass, taking the various identities of Cracow‑born anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski as a leitmotiv to illustrate the main arguments. Apart from being a cultural Pole and an Austrian (later British) subject, Malinowski was a typical European intellectual of his age. At the end of his life in the United States, he appealed to the values of European civilization to overcome the Nazi horrors. Subjectively he identified strongly with Poland, even though his career was built elsewhere. We could say that Poland was his Gemeinschaft. Although we can only speculate on what he would say today about neoliberal political economy and the construction of an ever more rigorously demarcated ‘Fortress Europe’, the author argues that Malinowski’s emphasis on the values of European civilization was ethnocentric. It is important to correct Eurocentrism by recognizing the commonalities of civilizations across the Eurasian landmass.
Europeanness among Polish civil society activists
Authors: Alber-Armenat Ina
Published: March 2018

The European discourse is not only a powerful idea at the structural societal level, it is also pragmatically used, re‑produced and transformed through the everyday actions of people with specific biographies.1 In this paper, I would like to address the question how Europeanness – i.e. relating to Europe and/or being European – develops during one’s life course. I propose a qualitative sociological approach and the methodology of discourse research2 and biographical analysis. 3 The empirical cases to be discussed are social actors who perceive themselves to be civil society activists. As such, they are actively involved in the public arena, thereby contributing to the development of public and media discourses. They talk about Europe from the perspective of specific biographies that have to be reconstructed if we are to understand the genesis of their Europeanness. In analysing the biographies of civil society activists in post‑socialist Poland, two ideal types could be reconstructed that apply to both the activity and the Europeanness: a) a pragmatic, skill and qualification‑related type and b) an idealistic, empowerment and emancipation‑related type. In order to discuss these two types, I shall first outline the methodology applied and the empirical material. I will then focus on the narratives, using the framework of biographical and discourse analysis in the sociology of knowledge tradition. My conclusion summarises the biographical development of Europeanness of Polish civil society activists.
Obraz zjednoczonej Europy w koncepcjach przedstawicieli opozycji antyfaszystowskiej we Włoszech w latach 1943-1945
Authors: Sondel-Cedarmas Joanna
Published: March 2018

Picture of united Europe in the concepts of Italian anti‑fascist opposition members in 1943‑1945

The article presents concepts of united Europe created by representatives of different fractions of the anti‑fascist Italian opposition in the period of the so‑called Resistenza (1943‑1945), with particular focus on the stances of left‑wing groups. The fullest theoretical foundations of federalist concepts created during the Second World War come from the Ventotene Manifesto (the so‑called Manifesto for Free and United Europe), elaborated at the turn of June and July of 1941 by charismatic leaders of Movimento Federalista Europeo – Altiero Spinelli and Ernesto Rossi – in collaboration with Eugenio Colorni. Influenced by English federalists from Federal Union, Spinelli and Rossi were pointing to the crisis of a nation state and its results – nationalism, imperialism and fascism. The authors were convinced that the only way to ensure continued peace in Europe was to create a European federation, comprised entirely of democratic states. The idea of the United States of Europe was advocated also by a liberal lawyer and economist, later the Governor of the Bank of Italy and the President of Italy, Luigi Einaudi. In his articles and political writings regularly published from 1918 until the end of the WWII Einaudi criticised the League of Nations as a weak institution lacking in authority and unable to effectively challenge the imperialist tendencies of some of its members. He sought the reasons for this weakness in the very structure of the League of Nations, i.e. in the confederation model. In studies published between 1943 and 1945 the liberal politician emphasised interdependencies between economy and politics. Einaudi identified the idea of a sovereign national state and the doctrine of nationalism as main enemies of the European federalism. Another politician advocating limiting sovereignty of national states in the name of broad solidarity between free European nations was a leader of Christian Democracy and the Prime Minister of Italy between 1945 and 1953 – Alcide De Gasperi. He underlined the significance of cooperation with the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain in the process of peace‑rebuilding. Unlike Spinelli and Rossi, the leader of Christian Democracy did not support the federation model of integration – De Gasperi placed emphasis on the gradual character of this process and on the need for finding “transitional solutions”, similarly to Einaudi, pointing to the significance of the economic aspect.
EU Crisis Management and Conflict Prevention. Identifying Institutional Constrains for Early Warning Analysis Utilization
Authors: Stępka Maciej
Published: March 2018

Early warning systems are responsible for monitoring crisis situations and generating warning signals of situations which escalate and pose a threat to international and human security. The application of this instrument often determines the success of preventive measures and efficiency of further crisis management. Being aware of the importance of this mechanism, the EU invested substantial resources for its development within the CFSP/CSDP framework. Nonetheless, the faulty institutional design and insufficient analytical capabilities of the EEAS put the applicability of the system in question. The article analyses a set of early warning institutional arrangements embedded in CFSP/CSDP institutional structure. In doing so, it describes and examines the main institutional and systemic constrains of early warning utilization in the EU conflict prevention framework.
Niemcy wobec kryzysu migracyjnego w Unii Europejskiej w latach 2011-2016
Authors: Węc Janusz Józef
Published: March 2018

Germany and the Migration Crisis in the European Union in the Years 2011-2016

The aim of this research paper is to evaluate the position of Germany, including the federal government and the parliamentary opposition, as regards the migration crisis in the European Union in the years 2011‑2016. The first part of the article presents the course of the migration crisis in the presented time period. The second part discusses the evolution of the position of the governing coalition and the parliamentary opposition in Germany towards the first phase of the crisis in the years 2011‑2014. The third part has been dedicated to analysing the position of the federal government and the parliamentary opposition towards the second phase of the crisis in the years 2015‑2016. The fourth part presents the influence of the German government on the reform of the immigration and asylum policies, as well as the dynamics of the migration crisis in the European Union in the years 2015‑2016. The author formulates a research hypothesis that the federal government did not control the migration crisis in the European Union but rather acted impulsively, thereby contributing to its deepening.
Rasa czarna a tożsamość kubańska
Authors: Kaganiec-Kamieńska Anna
Published: March 2018

Afro-Cubans in the shaping of the Cuban identity Many historians point to an important role of race in the shaping of the Cuban identity and culture. Taking as a starting point the view that national identity is dynamic and negotiable, i.e. influenced by the elite’s ‘national project’ and negotiated from below, the article focuses on the role of Afro-Cubans in the formation of Cuban identity until 1959, especially on the period 1898-1940. This article looks at the concept of lo cubano as understood by the Cuban elites as well as the way in which Afro-Cubans actively negotiated their place in the Cuban society.
Dementia diagnosis and white lies: a necessary evil for carers of dementia patients?
Authors: Russell Ginny
Published: March 2018

I am the daughter and one of the main carers for my 90-year-old mother. My mother was diagnosed with dementia in 2015. In this article, I reflect on dealing with my mother’s progressive disability, with a focus on one experience. I explain why I believe withholding the truth is sometimes an acceptable, or even a preferable, course of action. The article illustrates how differing advice and lack of guidance about dementia diagnosis and ‘truth-telling’ play out in practice.
Effect of Impurities on Yellowing of Viscose Filaments
Authors: Sharma Esha , Shukla Neelesh Bharti , Krishnamurthy Gurudatt
Published: March 2018

The quality of pot-spun viscose filament yarn (VFY) is adversely affected by yellowness due to cake-to-cake as well as inside-to-outside variations. Yellowness arises due to inefficient after treatment (AT) of cakes, which prevents effective removal of various impurities from the filaments. To identify the primary source of yellowness, viscose filaments from different AT stages were collected and analyzed to map the extent of total sulfur and metallic impurities in each of the process steps. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), color spectrophotometry, and iodometric titration were used. Free sulfur content related best with the yellowness index, indicating the predominant effect of free sulfur on viscose filament yellowness. This enabled specific optimization of the AT process to reduce yellowness in viscose filaments.
Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the Thai version of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire version 2.1
Authors: Asawavichienjinda Thanin , Vorasayan Pongpat , Noiwattanakul Jirawadee , Phanthumchinda Kammant
Published: March 2018

Background

The Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQv2.1) is used to evaluate the impact of symptoms on the quality of life (QoL) of migraineurs.

Objective

To evaluate primarily the concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency, and secondarily the sensitivity to change of a Thai version of the MSQv2.1.

Methods

The original English version of the MSQv2.1 was translated into a Thai version. The Thai version of the MSQv2.1 was assessed for content and language equivalence. Validity of the Thai version of the MSQv2.1 was assessed using migraine characteristics in a prospective study conducted at the Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Headache Centre of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were tested in migraineurs. Sensitivity to change was evaluated in another group of migraineurs using an 8-week follow-up.

Results

We recruited 30 migraineurs to test the validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of the Thai version of the MSQv2.1 and 11 migraineurs to test its sensitivity to change. The Thai version of the MSQv2.1 scores were significantly correlated with migraine symptoms (inverse coefficient range from –0.62 to –0.39) except for associated symptoms, which had no correlation with any of the dimensions or overall QoL score. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.56–0.83, and Cronbach’s α for internal consistency was 0.91–0.96. Headache, including average pain duration per attack, pain severity score (numeric rating scale), associated symptoms and dimensions, and overall QoL score of the Thai version of MSQv2.1 improved over time (P< 0.05). Moreover, improvement in headache correlated (coefficient range 0.67–0.77) with improvement in overall QoL score and some dimensions of the Thai version of the MSQv2.1 (coefficient range 0.66–0.77).

Conclusion

The Thai version of the MSQv2.1 had validity, acceptable internal consistency, moderate-to-strong test–retest reliability, and strong correlation between improvement in headache severity and overall QoL score. A future study with a larger sample size and longer follow-up is required for better estimates of internal consistency and sensitivity to change.
Incidence and etiology of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective analysis of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the past decade
Authors: Pungrasmi Pornthep , Haetanurak Sahatad
Published: March 2018

Background

Maxillofacial injury is a common injury in trauma patients. The incidence, associated injuries and causes have been never reported for King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH).

Objectives

To report the incidence, associated injuries, age groups, treatments, and behavioral risks in maxillofacial patients who were admitted to KCMH in the past decade.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015, to evaluate the age groups, causes, sites of facial bone fracture, associated injuries, treatments, and behavioral risks.

Results

There were 1,275 patients (79% male and 21% female). The most common age group was 21–30 years (30.6%), followed by 11–20 years (19.5%) and 31–40 years (18.8%). The most common cause of injury was motorcycle accident (39.7%), and the most common associated injury was head injury (58%). The total number of fractures were 1,526, with the most common fracture site being the zygomaticomaxillary complex (38.6%), followed by mandible (21.8%) and nasal bone (17.8%). Most fractures were treated using open reduction and internal fixation with plates and screws.

Conclusions

The main cause of maxillofacial injury is motorcycle accident even though the government launched a policy named “Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020” to reduce road traffic deaths. Thailand continues to need stronger law enforcement to reduce risky motorcycle driving behavior.