bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LLFWCNN: A Light-Weighted Low Frequency Wave-Based Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Chen Linlin , Wei Zhihui , Xu Yang , Shuai Huiming
Published: February 2024

In recent years, researches on combining wavelet decomposition and convolutional neural network (CNN) together to classify hyperspectral images (HSI) have emerged, and some effective classification models have been proposed and achieved good classification results. However, there are two problems for most of the proposed models. One is the heavy training parameters and the other is that there is no distinction between the classification effectiveness of low frequency and high frequency features after wavelet decomposition. In this paper, a new light-weighted HSI classification model (LLFWCNN) is proposed, which performs multi-layer wavelet decomposition for HSI after dimensionality reduction, and only arranges the low frequency features in a specific stack mode, then classifies them through a well-designed convolutional neural network. Compared with other classification models, the number of parameters is only 2.5% of that of other models. And only the low frequency features after wavelet decomposition are used, while the high frequency features are abandoned. The results showed that compared with the state-of-the-art classification models, LLFWCNN could obtain the same or even better classification results with fewer network parameters and proved that the low frequency features after wavelet decomposition provide LLFWCNN with more favorable information for HSI classification as well.
Investigation of Fatigue Properties and Interfacial Strengthening Mechanism in Al/Cu Bimetallic Lap Joints through Electromagnetic Pulse Welding
Authors: Yan Yunqi , She Xinwei , Ran Yang , Peng He , Zhang Ruihao , Wang Puquan , Jiang Xianquan
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the fatigue properties and interfacial strengthening mechanisms of Al6061-to-Cu dissimilar welded joints via electromagnetic pulse welding (EMPW). The load-bearing capacity of the joints at discharge voltages of 14 kV and 16 kV was superior to that of 12 kV. Meanwhile, the fatigue life of 14 kV joints was one order of magnitude higher than that of 12 kV. The SEM observation on the fatigue fracture surface shows that the typical “tire-mark” fatigue striation just appeared on the 14 kV joint, indicating higher ductility for handling more extended plastic deformation. The high EBSD acquisition was achieved except for the transition zone due to the formation of ultra-fine nanocrystalline Al2Cu phase and amorphous phase, along with many dislocations. Dense low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and refined grains are formed along the bonding interface. This indicates that severe plastic deformation induced dislocations to form the substructure in such an instant (40-60 μs) during the high-velocity collision. The interfacial strength is not only due to the continuous interfacial diffusion layer with a “wave-like” or “inverted hook-like” pattern but also benefits from refined grains along the interface and in the transition zone, as well as the hybrid amorphous-nanocrystalline microstructure, which strengthens the joint through increasing ductility induced by refined grains and regulating amorphous or nanocrystalline phases to affect the balance between strength and ductility of the Al/Cu joint.
DFT Studies of Dimethylaminophenyl-substituted Phthalocyanine and of Its Silver Complexes
Authors: Breza Martin
Published: February 2024

The dimethylaminophenyl-substituted silver phthalocyanine [dmaphPcAg] can be used as a UV-vis photoinitiator for in situ preparation of a silver/polymer nanocomposite. To verify early steps of the supposed mechanism of radical polymerization, we performed quantum chemical calculations of m[dmaphPcAg]q complexes with charges q = +1 to -2 in the two lowest spin states m, of a free ligand and its dehydrogenated/deprotonated products m[dmaphPcHn]q, n = 2 to 0, q= 0, -1 or -2, in the lowest spin states m. The calculated electronic structures and electron transitions of all the optimized structures in CHCl3 solutions are compared with experimental EPR and UV-vis spectra, respectively. The unstable 3[dmaphPcAg]+ species deduced only from previous EPR spin trap experiments was identified. In addition to 2[dmaphPcAg]0, our results suggest the coexistence of both reaction intermediates 1[dmaphPcAg]- and 3[dmaphPcAg]- in reaction solutions. Silver nanoparticle formation is a weak point of the supposed reaction mechanism from the energetic, stereochemistry, and electronic structure points of view.
Detection of Forged Images Using a Combination of Passive Methods Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Alencar Ancilon Leuch , Lopes Marcelo Dornbusch , Fernandes Anita Maria da Rocha , Anjos Julio Cesar Santos dos , De Paz Santana Juan Francisco , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: February 2024

In the age of social media, images come from unreliable sources that may change their content to fit a narrative. Automated detection of forged images is a complex task, especially considering recent technological advances in image manipulation software. However, in the existing literature, it is possible to identify two general approaches adopted by detection methods, active and passive. Active techniques preemptively act on an image by inserting structures before any manipulation is made that can verify its authenticity. In contrast, passive methods analyze the content of an image in search of traces of manipulation. In this way, this research proposes a novel approach to image manipulation detection, combining two passive methods through neural networks, creating a generalist approach capable of detecting with greater accuracy than the methods that compose it. Furthermore, this work used a combination of four datasets available in the literature for training and evaluation. After training, the merged approach obtained an accuracy of 89.59% in the set of validation images, significantly higher than the model trained with only unaltered images, which obtained 78.64%, and the two other models trained using images with a feature selection method applied to enhance inconsistencies that obtained 68.02% for Error-Level Analysis images and 50.70% for the method using Discrete Wavelet Transform. In addition to the performance improvement, the proposed approach’s accuracy variation was lower than the other models.
Early Hydrocortisone Therapy Improves Sepsis Outcome in the Neonatal Mice by Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhong Jun Juan , Zhang Jing , Lin Ying Yi , Ma Dong Ju , Mo Jing , Ye Xiu Zhen
Published: February 2024

The unknown timing of appropriate initiation of administration has led to controversy over the use of hydrocortisone in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. This study sought to compare the survival rate and NF-κB pathway expression level in newborn mice treated with hydrocortisone at different initiation times after sepsis to find the appropriate administration time window for clinical neonatal sepsis patients. Before building the sepsis model, 36 newborn C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups with six mice, using quasi-randomization: five treatment subgroups(1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h based on the initiation of hydrocortisone therapy) and 1 control group. The survival rate of mice in each group was compared. The expression levels of the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory factors were analyzed and compared among groups. Initiation of hydrocortisone therapy within 12 h of sepsis onset improved the survival of LPS-induced newborn septic mice. Treatment with hydrocortisone over 12 hours reduced the expression level of NF-κB and lowered serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cardiopulmonary tissues of mice. Administration of hydrocortisone early in sepsis (within 12 hours) promotes neonatal mouse survival by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
Aerial Biomass Estimation in the Cerrado Biome Using Canopy Height Data
Authors: Toneli Carlos Augusto Zangrando , Scardua Fernando Paiva , Martins Rosana de Carvalho Cristo , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Ribeiro Andressa , Filho Antonio Carlos Ferraz
Published: February 2024

Adaptations to climate change rely on understanding the dynamics of plant biomass stocks on the planet. The high levels of deforestation in Cerrado have transformed this biome into the second-largest Brazilian source of carbon emissions. The objective of this study was to develop a method to accurately estimate aboveground and total biomass values among shrublands, savannas, and forests located in the Cerrado biome, using an allometric equation adjusted from canopy height, obtained through optical and laser sensors. The results show similarity between the estimates employed by our method and the data found in the literature review for different phytophysiognomies in the Cerrado biome. Shrubland formations showed higher biomass estimation uncertainties due to the discontinuity of isolated trees and the lower canopy height when compared to more clustered tree canopies in savannas and taller canopies in forests. Aboveground biomass estimates were related to expansion factors, and specific maps were developed for each compartment by root, litter, and necromass. The sum of these compartments is presented in the aboveground and below forest biomass map. This study presents, for the first time, the mapping of total biomass in 10 m pixels of all regions of the Cerrado biome.
How to Compute Whether Biomass Fuels Are Carbon Neutral
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: February 2024

Based on recent interest and on the importance of the ongoing climate change catastrophe, this article provides the basics of global carbon cycle modelling as required for the assessment of the degree of carbon neutrality of biomass energy, and its underlying dynamics. It is aimed at clari-fying the question “Are biomass fuels carbon neutral?”.
The "Combined Energy and Biosphere Model" (CEBM) computes annual carbon flows including growth and decay of plants on 2.52.5° grid elements of the continents’ surface and offers detailed results on the changes of after implementation of large-scale biomass energy strategies world-wide. The main (and possibly unexpected) effect is the long-term depletion of the soil organic compartment after extraction of biomass fuels. When comparing CEBM model runs using (i) biomass energy sources and (ii) carbon-free energy sources (such as solar or wind), it becomes quantitatively clear already on the theoretical level (i.e., even without taking into account effi-ciency losses) that biomass is only “half as carbon neutral” as ideally assumed, to express a rule of thumb – mainly because of soil carbon depletion.
Still, biomass energy will play an important role when fighting global warming, even if efforts to lower energy demand are preferable as a fundamental strategy.
Genomic Evolution and Selective Pressure Analysis of a Novel Porcine Sapovirus in Shanghai, China
Authors: Tao Jie , Li Benqiang , Shi Ying , Cheng Jinghua , Tang Pan , Jiao Jiajie , Liu Huili
Published: February 2024

Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) is a significant pathogen causing diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality rates. Given its zoonotic characteristics, this study conducts a comprehensive genetic evolutionary analysis of PoSaV. Results confirmed PoSaV as the primary RNA virus in piglet feces (27.54%). Phylogenetic analysis identifies the prevalent PoSaV strain SHCM/Mega2023 in the GIII genogroup, involving a recombinant event with MK962338 and KT922089. The time tree revealed that the GIII genogroup exhibits the widest divergence time span, indicating a high likelihood of viral recombination. Further selective pressure calculations demonstrate that PoSaV was under purifying selection (dN/dS < 1), with seven positively selected sites in VP1 protein which might be related to the antigencity. In conclusion, this study presents a novel genomic evolution of PoSaV, offering valuable insights into antigenicity and vaccine research.
Ghost Gears in the Gulf of Gabès: Alarming Situation and Sustainable Solution Perspectives
Authors: Ghaouar Hana , Boussellaa Wiem , Jribi Imed
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the prevalence, causes, and spatial distribution of Abandoned, Lost, or Discarded Fishing Gears (ALDFGs) in the Gulf of Gabès, a critical fishing area in Tunisia. Five main fishing gear types—benthic trawls, encircling nets, longlines, gillnets, and trammel nets were analyzed for their loss rates and contributing factors. The study involved extensive surveys among local fishermen using geographic information system (GIS) tools for spatial mapping. The findings reveal varying loss rates among different gear types, with longlines experiencing the highest losses (59%), followed by trammel nets (45%), gillnets (40%), trawls (38%), and encircling nets (36%). Causes of gear loss include entanglement on obstructions, conflicts with other fishing gears, entanglement with marine animals, adverse weather conditions, and intentional dumping at sea. The study highlights the challenges posed by the consistent increase in regional fishing efforts. Spatial distribution mapping indicates two significant concentrations of ALDFGs, correlating with specific fishing activities and depths. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing gear losses as a threat to marine biodiversity and ecosystem health. Recommendations for mitigation include improving boat equipment, raising awareness among fishermen, implementing effective waste management, and exploring economic incentives for ALDFG recovery. This research contributes essential insights for fisheries management, environmental conservation, and sustainable practices in the Gulf of Gabès. Collaborative efforts are crucial to developing and implementing strategies that minimize the impact of ALDFGs on the marine environment while supporting the socio-economic interests of fishermen.
Impacts of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on the Development of Chinese Steel Enterprises and Government Management Decisions: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis
Authors: Tian Borui , Zheng Mingyue , Pan Chongchao , Xing Yi , Liu Wenjie , Gu Yueqing
Published: February 2024

Upon the implementation of the European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), substantial challenges are anticipated to impact the international trade of Chinese steel products. To safeguard the competitiveness of Chinese steel products on the global stage, this paper establishes a tripartite evolutionary game model, involving large steel enterprises, small and medium-sized steel enterprises, and the government. The model integrates collaborative emission reduction and free-riding benefits among enterprises, along with the government's dynamic subsidies and penalties. The paper analyzes the evolutionary trends and stable states of the three parties during different stages of CBAM, including a sensitivity analysis of key parameters. The findings indicate that large enterprises demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to CBAM, while small and medium-sized enterprises are more significantly influenced by free-riding benefits. Government intervention should be strategically timed and incline towards passive management during the strengthening phase of CBAM. Additionally, the refinement of the Chinese carbon market emerges as an effective means to counter CBAM. This paper provides theoretical support for how steel enterprises and the government can respond to CBAM, aiding stakeholders in selecting optimal strategies during different implementation stages and mitigating the impacts of CBAM to the maximum extent possible.
Clinicopathological and Genomic Identification of Breast Cancers with No Impact on Mortality
Authors: Gámez-Casado Salvador , Rodríguez-Pérez Lourdes , Bandera-López Cristina , Mesas-Ruiz Andrés , Bermejo Alicia Campini , Bernal-Gómez Marta , Zalabardo-Aguilar Manuel , Calvete-Candenas Julio , Martínez-Bernal Gala , Atienza-Cuevas Lidia , Garcia-Rojo Marcial , Benítez-Rodríguez Encarnación , Pajares-Hachero Bella , Bermejo-Pérez María José , Baena-Cañada José Manuel
Published: February 2024

Background. Implementing mammogram screening means that clinicians are seeing many breast cancers that will never develop metastases. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of breast cancer patients who did not present events related to long-term breast cancer mortality, taking into account diagnosis at breast screening, absence of palpability and axillary involvement, and genomic analysis with PAM50.
Patients and Methods. To identify them, a retrospective observational study was carried out selecting patients without palpable tumour, without axillary involvement, and a genomic analysis was performed with PAM50.
Results. The probability of distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI) of 337 patients was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.93) at 20 years and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92-1.00) in 95 patients (28%) with available PAM50 tests. In 22 (23.15%) luminal A tumours and in 9 (9.47%) luminal B tumours smaller than 1 cm and in HER2 and basal type tumours there were no metastatic events (20-year DMFI of 1.00).
Conclusion. Patients with nonpalpable breast cancer found at screening with negative nodes are at very low risk. It is possible to identify subgroups without metastatic events by determining the intrinsic subtype and tumour size less than 1 cm. De-escalation of treatment should be considered.
Explainable AI in Assessing Multi-Year ENSO Predictability from the Western North Pacific Precursor
Authors: Deng Liping , Borhara Krishna , Wang Shih-Yu
Published: February 2024

The application of Explainable AI (XAI) to improve understanding of complex non-linear SST teleconnections and gain predictive skills is at the frontier of climate research. In this study, we attempt to refine the applications of XAI advancements to ENSO prediction by including SSTA in the western North Pacific (WNP) as a precursor. Our analyses indicate that the baseline accuracy increases from the 60% threshold previously reported for ENSO to >85% for moderate warm, cold, and neutral ENSO states one year in advance when WNP SSTA is included. Precision increases to over 90% for higher magnitude El Niños and La Niñas. Experiments conducted at 4-year lead times yield a strong WNP SSTA signal. A moderate SSTA signal is observed at 3-year lead time with no predictability; however, predictability spikes to over 80% when stratospheric zonal winds are included with WNP SSTA. While additional scientific work is required to make robust connections between XAI and dynamical processes, our results demonstrate a potential to improve long term predictability of ENSO through the ability of XAI in capturing SST patterns evolving at extended spatial and temporal scales.
Temperature Inversion and Particulate Matter Concentration(PM10 Et PM2.5) in the Low Troposphere of Cergy-Pontoise (Parisian Region)
Authors: Lagmiri Souad , Dahech Salem
Published: February 2024

This study aims to elucidate the influence of meteorological conditions on particle levels in Cergy-Pontoise. It explores the temporal variability of PM10 pollution days by associating them with the vertical temperature profile derived from conventional radiosondes from 2013 to 2022 (regional station). The results indicate that nearly 80% of exceedance days were associated with thermal inversions, primarily observed in winter and typically lasting 1 to 3 days. Analysis of winter thermal inversion characteristics suggests that those linked to pollution primarily occur near the ground, with higher intensity in December (12.1°C) and lower in February (10.3°C). Persistent inversions (extended nocturnal by diurnal inversion) account for 91.4% of the total inversions associated with high concentrations. Captive balloon soundings and temperature measurements at different altitudes were conducted during the winter of 2022/2023 to clarify thermal inversion in the Oise Valley at the center of Cergy-Pontoise. The results highlight three nocturnal wind circulation mechanisms in the valley, including downslope flow, circulation influenced by an urban heat island, and mechanical air evacuation under an inversion layer towards the less steep East side of the valley. Analysis of PM with the temperature gradient in the Oise Valley shows a significant correlation, suggesting an increase in concentrations during locally detected inversions and a decrease during atmospheric disturbance.
The Impact of Age, Interocular Differences in the Corrected Visual Acuities and Aniseikonia on the Clinical Assessment of Stereoacuity in Asymptomatic Presbyopic Habitual Spectacle Wearers
Authors: Mravičić Ivana , Lukačević Selma , Barišić Ante , Patel Sudi , Bohač Maja , Bišćević Alma , Gabrić Nikica
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To explore the clinical relationship between age, interocular differences in the corrected distance(CDVA) and near(CNVA) high contrast logMAR acuities, refractive errors, aniseikonia, axial lengths, pupil sizes, and higher order ocular aberrations (HOAs) on clinical measures of stereoacuity in asymptomatic, presbyopic, habitual spectacle wearers.
Methods: 91 subjects underwent clinical assessment of i)subjective refractive error, ii)stereoacuity[arcsecs] at 6m&40cm(Randot Stereotests), iii)aniseikonia[%] at 6m (Awaya test,vertical and horizontal meridia) iv)higher order aberrations(Hartman-Shack aberrometer) v)eyeball length and pupil size(IOL master 700). The resultant aniseikonia(AR) was calculated for pairs of aniseikonia values using Pythagorean theorem.
Results: Mean(±sd,95%CI) age of the subjects was 56.2years(±8.10,54.6-57.9).
Root mean square(RMS) interocular differences(±sd,95%CI) in spherical refractive errors, axial lengths and pupil sizes were 0.66D(±0.93,0.47-0.85), 0.24mm(±0.33,0.17-0.31), 0.15mm(±0.11,0.12-0.17). Median(mode,interquartile range) values for AR were 2.8(1.0,1.3-4.0). Significant correlations(p
The Influence of Explosive and Rock Mass Properties on Blast Damage in a Single-Hole Blasting
Authors: Dotto Magreth Sungwa , Pourrahimian Yashar
Published: February 2024

In rock blasting for mining production, stress waves play a major role in rock fracturing along with explosion gases. Better energy distribution improves fragmentation and safety, lowers production costs, increases productivity, and controls ore losses and dilution. Blast outcomes vary significantly with the choice of the explosive and the properties of the rock mass encountered. This study analyzes the effects of rock mass and explosives properties on the blast outcomes through numerical simulation using data from the case study and later validates the simulation results from the field blast fragmentation. The outcomes suggest that, for a given set of rock properties, the choice of explosive has a major influence on the resulting fragmentation. Strong explosives favor large fracture extents in hard rocks, while less strong explosives offer a better distribution of explosive energy and fractures. The presence of rock structures such as rock con-tacts and joints influences the propagation of stress waves and fractures depending on the structures' material properties, intensity and orientations, and the direction and strength of the stress wave. To achieve effective fragmentation, the blast design should mitigate the effect of variability in the rock mass by ensuring adequate energy distribution within the limits of geo-metrical design.
Improving Quality of Life in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome using Antioxidant Complex Twendee M®.
Authors: You Fukka , Harakawa Yoshiaki , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Inufusa Haruhiko
Published: February 2024

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disease in which fatigue that interferes with daily life persists for six months or longer. The number of patients with CFS is increasing, as CFS-like symptoms have been reported to occur in the sequelae of both COVID-19 infection and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, both of which have become significant issues in recent years. While the pathogenesis mechanism is not yet fully understood, research suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may play a role in the development of CFS. In this paper, we discuss the antioxidant potential of the antioxidant formulation Twendee M® (TwM) and the results of a questionnaire that monitored changes in symptoms before and after TwM in a total of 23 men and women diagnosed with CFS. TwM is a supplement containing 15 different ingredients, and has a strong antioxidant capacity that cannot be achieved with a single antioxidant ingredient. The results of the questionnaire showed that TwM significantly improved all of the major symptoms of CFS, including fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, sleep disturbance, decreased memory and concentration, and headache. TwM was shown to alleviate various symptoms of CFS and improve quality of life.
An Integrated Framework with ADD-LSTM and DeepLabCut for Dolphin Behavior Classification
Authors: Tseng Shih-Pang , Hsu Shao-En , Wang Jhing-Fa , Jen I-Fan
Published: February 2024

Caring for dolphins is a delicate process that requires experienced caretakers to pay close attention to their behavioral characteristics. However, caretakers may sometimes lack experience or not be able to give their full attention, which can lead to misjudgment or oversight. To address these issues, a dolphin behavior analysis system has been designed to assist caretakers in making accurate assessments. The study utilized image preprocessing techniques to reduce sunlight reflection in the pool and enhance the outline of dolphins, making it easier to analyze their movements. The dolphins were divided into 11 keypoints using an open-source tool called DeepLabCut, which helped accurately mark various body parts for skeletal detection. The AquaAI Dolphin Decoder (ADD) was then used to analyze six dolphin behaviors. To improve behavior recognition accuracy, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network was introduced. The ADD and LSTM models were integrated to form the ADD-LSTM system. Several classification models, including unidirectional and bidirectional LSTM, GRU, and SVM, were compared. The results showed that the ADD module combined with a double-layer bidirectional LSTM method achieved high accuracy in dolphin behavior analysis. The accuracy rates for each behavior were over 90%.
A piRNA Portrait for Blood Cells of Healthy Donors and COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kondratov Kirill , Artamonov Alexander Andreevich , Nikitin Yuri , Velmiskina Anastasiya , Mikhailovskii Vladimir , Mosenko Sergei , Polkovnikova Irina , Asinovskaya Anna , Apalko Svetlana , Sushentseva Natalya , Ivanov Andrey , Shcherbak Sergey
Published: February 2024

The expression of non-coding RNAs varies greatly depending on the cell type and physiological state. Changes in expression affect the regulatory properties of these molecules. We investigated RNA-seq data from sorted blood cells of healthy control donors and severe COVID-19 patients. Our aim was to display a distinguishable piRNA differential expression portrait for each type of cell and to study the behavior of piRNA in the blood cells of COVID-19 patients. Overall piRNA expression in sorted control cells (erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils) differs depending on cell type. Four of the most abundant piRNA were expressed relatively equally in all cell types, they included piR-49145, piR-49144, piR-49143 and piR-33151. By reviewing piRNA expression in each group of sorted cells from severe COVID-19 patients we observed 3 upregulated and 10 downregulated piRNAs in erythrocytes. Monocytes were presented with a larger amount of statistically significant piRNA, 4 upregulated and 35 downregulated. In lymphocytes, all 19 piRNAs were upregulated.
Secure and Fast Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Modified Logistic Map
Authors: Riaz Mamoon , Dilpazir Hammad , Naseer Sundus , Mahmood Hasan , Anwar Asim , Khan Junaid , Benitez Ian B. , Ahmad Tanveer
Published: February 2024

In the past few decades, the transmission of data over an unsecure channel resulted in an increased rate of hacking. Therefore, the requirement to make multimedia data more secure is increasing day by day. Numerous algorithms are developed to improve efficiency and robustness. In this article, a novel and secure image encryption algorithm is presented. It is based on a modified chaotic logistic map (CLM) that provides the advantage of having less computational time to encrypt an input image. The encryption algorithm is based on Shannon’s idea of using substitution-permutation and one-time-pad network to achieve ideal secrecy. The CLM is used for substitution and permutation to improve randomness and increase dependency on the encryption key. Various statistical tests are conducted, such as Key Space Analysis, Complexity Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Strict Avalanche Criteria (SAC), Histogram Analysis, Entropy Analysis, Mean of Absolute Deviation (MAD) Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Contrast Analysis, and Homogeneity to give a comparative analysis of the proposed algorithm and verify its security. As a result of various statistical tests, it is evident that the proposed algorithm is more efficient and robust as compared to previous ones.
Applications of Key Autonomous Navigation Technologies for Unmanned Agricultural Tractors: A Review
Authors: Qu Jiwei , Zhang Zhe , Qin Zheyu , Guo Kangquan , Li Dan
Published: February 2024

Unmanned agricultural tractor (UAT) represents the advanced stage of autonomous navigation and serves as a core technology in agricultural production. It reduces the operator’s workload, and improves operational accuracy and efficiency. This article reviews three aspects of key autonomous navigation technologies for UATs: perception, path planning and tracking, and motion control. The advantages, and shortages of these key technologies on UATs are clarified by analyzing technical principles and the current research status. We conducted summaries and analyses of existing unmanned navigation solutions for different application scenarios in order to identify current bottleneck issues. Based on the analysis of the applicability of key autonomous navigation technologies on UATs, it can be seen that fruitful research progresses have been achieved. The review also summarizes the common problems in current technologies. The application research on sharing and integrating multi-source data for autonomous navigation are relatively weak. There is an urgent need of high-precision, and high-stability sensing equipment. The universality of path planning methods, and the efficiency and precision of path tracking need to be improved. It is necessary to develop high reliability electrical control modules to enhance motion control performance. Overall, advanced sensors, high-performance intelligent algorithms, and reliable electrical control hardware are key factors in promoting the development of UAT technology.
Redox Regulation of PTEN by Bicarbonate and Hydrogen Peroxide: Implication of Peroxymonocarbonate
Authors: Trinh Vu Hoang , Choi Jin Myung , Nguyen Huu Thang , Sah Dhiraj Kumar , Yoon Hyun Joong , Park Sang Chul , Jung Yu Seok , Ahn Youngkeun , Lee Seung-Rock
Published: February 2024

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a negative regulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Notably, its active site harbors a cysteine residue that is susceptible to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This oxidation inhibits the phosphatase function of PTEN, critically contributing to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Upon stimulation of cell surface receptors, the activity of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) generates a transient amount of H2O2, serving as a mediator in this pathway by oxidizing PTEN. The mechanism underlying this oxidation, occurring despite the presence of highly efficient and abundant cellular oxidant-protecting and reducing systems, continues to pose a perplexing conundrum. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of bicarbonate (HCO3-) promoted the rate of H2O2-mediated PTEN oxidation, probably through the formation of peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4-), consequently potentiated the phosphorylation of AKT. In essence, our findings consolidate the crucial role of HCO3- in the redox regulation of PTEN by H2O2, lead to the presumption regarding HCO4- as a signaling molecule during cellular physiological processes.
Placenta accreta spectrum: risk factors, terminology, classification, management strategies
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ignatko I.V. , Davydov A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lebedev V.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Pashkov V.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bakhtiyarov K.R. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chilova R.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

The lecture is devoted to one of the most important and challenging obstetric complications, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Epidemiology, terminology, classification, prenatal diagnosis, and management strategies are considered. Materials of the FIGO consensus guidelines published in a series of papers are used. Special attention is paid to management strategies. It is shown that there is no definite treatment method for PAS. It all depends on the specific clinical situation, primarily the depth of placental invasion. The treatment should not be limited to expectant management, i.e., leaving the placenta in situ, since extravillous trophoblast cells continue to proliferate even after delivery, destroying the myometrium. In case of invasion of a limited placental fragment into the myometrium, the method of choice is operative hysteroscopy (hysteroresectoscopy), which provides a minimally traumatic approach to local placental invasion. Key words: accretion, placenta accreta, classification, diagnosis, management strategies
Fetal weight estimation by automated three-dimensional fractional limb volume model
Authors:   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kopteeva E.V. , Shelaeva E.V. ,   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alekseenkova E.N. ,   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kapustin R.V. ,   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kogan I.Yu. ,   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

Objective. To investigate the efficacy of using an automated three-dimensional (3D) fractional limb volume model to calculate estimated fetal weight (EFW) and predict fetal macrosomia. Patients and methods. This prospective observational study included 66 pregnant women who reached 30+0 to 41+3 weeks’ gestation. All patients underwent ultrasonography with fractional thigh volume (TVol) and fractional arm volume (AVol) measurements using 5D Limb Vol software (Samsung Medison W10 ultrasound system). Mean percentage error (MPE) was determined to assess the accuracy of fetal weight estimation. Results. Fractional thigh and arm volumes had a strong correlation with fetal weight (0.834 and 0.617, respectively) and increased linearly with gestational age. When performing a ROC analysis, TVol was found to be a predictor of fetal macrosomia with a sensitivity of 82.35% and specificity of 84.21%, and an experimental model including fetometric parameters (head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) and TVol explained 83% of the variance in birth weight (p = 0.001). In our study, the formulas that included TVol and AVol to calculate EFW were less accurate than the Hadlock formula, with MPE of -1.25 ± 5.75, whereas when using the 3D model with TVol and AVol, MPE was 9.65 ± 7.84 and -9.16 ± 7.63, respectively. However, the experimental model with TVol produced more accurate EFW values compared to the Hadlock formula: the proportion of measurements with an estimated error ≤5% was 94.4% and 100% with an estimated error ≤10% (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Fractional limb volume is an easily reproducible and promising parameter, and its use may be helpful to increase the accuracy of standard fetometry. Fractional thigh volume demonstrated high predictive ability for macrosomia, and its addition to standard fetometric parameters improved the model for fetal weight estimation. Key words: estimated fetal weight, fractional thigh and arm volumes, macrosomia, 5D Limb VolTM
The population of the region in terms of its reproductive and demographic potential.
Authors:   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Mingazova E. N. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Zhelezova P. V. ,   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Mingazov R. N. ,   Research Institute for Healthcare and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department,   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
Published: February 2024

As a result of the study, the transformation of the age structure of the population of the Kostroma region was noted, which leads to a negative change in the demographic burden – the proportion of the working-age population decreases with an increase in the proportion of the population older than the working-age population, there is a significant decrease in the number of women of fertile age in urban and rural areas, while the number of women aged 15–24 years has significantly decreased. In recent years, the total fertility rate has decreased, there has been an increase in the average age of the mother at birth, the birth rate is decreasing under the age of 20 and at the age of 20–24, it is increasing in the group of 30–34-year-olds and older. Despite the decrease in the mortality rate, the indicators of the Kostroma region exceed the national average. Life expectancy has a pronounced upward trend, but remains lower than the average for the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District. The identified trends determine the demographic situation in the region, which requires operational decisions on the development and implementation of scientifically based special family-oriented programs aimed through interdepartmental interaction at stabilizing regional reproductive and demographic indicators.
La noria fluvial en la provincia de Córdoba. Historia y Tecnología
Authors: Córdoba de la Llave Ricardo
Published: February 2024

La noria fluvial en la provincia de Córdoba. Historia y Tecnología
La transmisión del saber médico: la vida infantil en la Edad Media a través de los tratados pediátricos y de otras fuentes de la época.
Authors: Cabrera Sánchez Margarita
Published: February 2024

En este trabajo se analizan diversos temas relacionados con la vida de los niños en la Edad Media, contemplados a través de la información contenida en los tratados médicos y también en los testimonios gráficos conservados. La investigación se ha estructurado en diversos capítulos que versan sobre los cuidados que se prodigan a los niños (higiene, vestido, alimentación) y sobre las dolencias más comunes que afectaban a la infancia.
El «Juzgado de Términos, Veredas y Cañadas» de la ciudad y obispado de Córdoba (1477-1478).
Authors: Ruiz Povedano José María
Published: February 2024

Los Reyes Católicos crearon en Córdoba el "juzgado de los términos e cañadas e veredas" en plena Guerra de Sucesión al Trono de Castilla. Se trata de un juzgado especializado, dedicado en exclusividad a conocer y determinar litigios territoriales, tal vez debido al aumento de la conflictividad, consecuencia de los numerosos debates y disputas existentes sobre la tierra, protagonizados en su mayoría por la codiciosa nobleza y oligarquía de la ciudad y de su reino. Esta decisión de los monarcas formaba parte del conjunto de medidas administrativas que pusieron en marcha para fortalecer la estructura del nuevo estado y reforzar la configuración de una monarquía judicial. Sin olvidar tampoco que esta iniciativa se encuadraba al mismo tiempo dentro del programa pacificador emprendido para poner fin a la guerra civil en Córdoba, sobre todo, en un ámbito como la ciudad y su obispado, donde la perturbación entre facciones adquirió cotas de alta violencia. Este juzgado gozó de singularidad dentro de la administración de justicia de Castilla, ya que los reyes, además de dotarlo de jurisdicción y potestad, insertaron al juez titular de este oficio dentro de la organización municipal de la ciudad y villas del obispado cordobés, con voz y voto en los cabildos.
Entre el Rey y la comunidad: el agua del Albayzin (Granada) en la Edad Media.
Authors: Trillo Carmen
Published: February 2024

En este trabajo analizamos una acequia medieval, la de Aynadamar, utilizada en época andalusí en la ciudad de Granada, desde el punto de vista histórico. Hacemos hincapié en un análisis social, estudiando sus orígenes, forma de organización, objetivos a los que atendía y mantenimiento. Para ello se ha utilizado tanto docu¬mentación editada como inédita, en árabe romanceada y en castellano, perteneciente a archivos locales y nacionales. Del estudio puede concluirse que, seguramente entre el siglo XI a la mitad del XIII, la acequia fue estructurada siguiendo unos parámetros temporales (tumos coincidentes con oraciones islámicas) y espaciales islámicos (siendo su principal objetivo la alcazaba y las mezquitas, entre otros). Asimismo, se refleja una intervención del rey en esta organización, privilegiando la Alcazaba Qadíma y sus huertas frente al uso del agua de los vecinos del Albayzín en sus casas, si bien sus necesidades están cubiertas por una red de aljibes. No obstante, aquéllos a su vez tienen asegurados sus derechos como comunidad frente a otros habitantes de la ciudad de Granada.
Guerra y guerra justa en los escritos de Rábano Mauro
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Alfonso María
Published: February 2024

La historia de la expansión del Reino de los Francos bajo el dominio carolingio es un tema ampliamente explorado por la historiografía tanto desde el punto de vista de la expansión militar en sí misma como por sus consecuencias políticas, culturales, religiosas y económicas para el Occidente latino. Sin embargo, aunque la guerra fue un factor fundamental en esa expansión, no se ha estudiado profundamente qué significaba ese fenómeno para los teólogos carolingios. Este artículo busca responder parcialmente a este problema a través del estudio de los textos de Rábano Mauro en los que el autor trató acerca de la guerra y sobre todo de la guerra justa.
Los alfares islámicos en el entorno de las Ollerías (Córdoba): dispersión, cronología y tipología
Authors: Salinas Pleguezuelo Elena
Published: February 2024

En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación a los hornos y alfares islámicos cordobeses, especialmente a raíz de los hallazgos de los últimos años. Se han analizado aspectos como la distinta tipología de los hornos cordobeses, su evolución a través de los siglos islámicos –desde época emiral a almohade-, la ubicación de las distintas áreas alfareras en Madīnat Qurtuba, principalmente la zona de las Ollerías, y los elementos necesarios en un alfar.

This paper presents a summary of the Islamic pottery craft areas and kilns in the medieval Cordoba, especially in the light of the recent findings. For this study, different types of kilns, its evolution through the Middle Ages -from the Emiral to the Almohad periods-, the location of the different pottery craft areas of Madīnat Qurtuba -mainly the Ollerías area- and the elements needed have been analysed.
Centro de interpretación e investigación: Análisis de la afectación del patrimonio arqueológico como consecuencia de la expansión urbana en Campoy, San Juan de Lurigancho
Authors:   , Sarabia Ramirez Anel Elvira , Ramos Chavez Vicente
Published: February 2024

La tesis busca determinar de qué manera la expansión urbana afecta al patrimonio arqueológico en Campoy-SJL; en el cual está basado la investigación para el desarrollo de la propuesta para la intervención urbano arquitectónica donde se implementó un equipamiento cultural. Entonces, para dicho efecto se estudiaron teorías relacionadas con la expansión urbana, dispersión urbana, espacios abiertos, accesibilidad, patrimonio arqueológico, deterioro del patrimonio arqueológico y valor arqueológico. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, con una investigación sobre el caso de análisis y el alcance de los resultados de tipo descriptivo-explicativo y de diseño no experimental y el tiempo de la investigación es de corte transversal porque se recopila información sobre el tema de estudio. De acuerdo con la metodología se procedió primero con la elaboración de la encuesta y ficha de observación. Finalmente, se procedió con recopilar información, el cual se realizó con visitas de campo y posteriormente se transformó en datos estadísticos, mapas, fichas de observación que nos ayudaron a terminar la relación de la expansión urbana con el patrimonio arqueológico. Los resultados nos ayudaron a mostrar que la expansión urbana si afecta directamente al patrimonio arqueológico de la Huaca Fortaleza de Campoy en SJL.
Sucralose or rebaudioside A at recommended doses did not alter the gut microbiota composition in rats under two dietary conditions
Authors: Ramos-García Meztli , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , García-Vázquez Carlos , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Olvera-Hernández Viridiana , Martínez-López Mirian Carolina , Díaz-Zagoya Juan Cuauhtémoc , Alvarez-Villagomez Carina Shianya , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Nicolini Humberto , Ble-Castillo Jorge Luis
Published: February 2024

Research reported that non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), including sucralose, elicit metabolic changes through the gut microbiota (GM) modulation, nonetheless, this topic remains controversial. Furthermore, the impact of rebaudioside A (reb A) on GM has received limited scrutiny. Consequently, we aim to investigate the response of GM composition to both sucralose and reb A in rats, considering two distinct dietary conditions. Male Wistar rats (150–200 g) fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were randomly assigned to receive sucralose (SCL), reb A (REB), glucose (GLU, control), or sucrose (SUC). The NNS were administered in water at doses equivalent to the human acceptable daily intake (ADI). Following eight weeks, the GM composition in fecal samples was analyzed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The NNS did not modify the diversity, the structure, the composition at the phylum level, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio of the GM. At the class level, REB with HFD decreased Bacilli and increased Faecalibacterium abundance. SCL and REB in combination with ND reduced the genera Romboutsia and Lactobacillus. On the other hand, the analysis of the effect of the diet without NNS showed that HFD increased the proportions of Bacilli and Coriobacteriia, despite not observing changes in the F/B ratio. Our study indicates that when sucralose or reb A is consumed at recommended doses, there is no observed alteration in the diversity and composition of the GM at the phylum level. Consequently, our data suggest that these NNS do not substantially impact the GM. We encourage further research to delve into the potential modifications of the GM at the level of specific bacterial taxa, as this could offer valuable insights for clinical interventions.