bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Regulating Multidimensional Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Han Chenyu , Wang Jianxiao , Zhang Shuai , Chen Liangliang , Bi Fuzhen , Wang Junjie , Yang Chunming , Wang Pengchao , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang
Published: December 2022

Research on organic solar cells (OSCs) has progressed through material innovation and device engineering. However, well‐known and ubiquitous intermolecular interactions, and particularly their synergistic effects, have received little attention. Herein, the complicated relationship between photovoltaic conversion and multidimensional intermolecular interactions in the active layers is investigated. These interactions are dually regulated by side‐chain isomerization and end‐cap engineering of the acceptors. The phenylalkyl featured acceptors (LA‐series) exhibit stronger crystallinity with preferential face‐on interactions relative to the alkylphenyl attached isomers (ITIC‐series). In addition, the PM6 and LA‐series acceptors exhibit moderate donor/acceptor interactions compared to those of the strongly interacting PM6/ITIC‐series pairs, which helps to enhance phase separation and charge transport. Consequently, the output efficiencies of all LA series acceptors are over 14%. Moreover, LA‐series acceptors show appropriate compatibility, host/guest interactions, and crystallinity relationships with BTP‐eC9, thereby leading to uniform and well‐organized “alloy‐like” mixed phases. In particular, the highly crystalline LA23 further optimizes multiple interactions and ternary microstructures, which results in a high efficiency of 19.12%. Thus, these results highlight the importance of multidimensional intermolecular interactions in the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Strategies to Extend the Lifetime of Perovskite Downconversion Films for Display Applications
Authors: Kim Jae Il , Zeng Qingsen , Park Sunghee , Lee Hyejin , Park Jinwoo , Kim Taejun , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: December 2022

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have outstanding luminescent properties that are suitable for displays that have high color purity and high absorption coefficient; so they are evaluated for application as light emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes, light‐converters for downconversion displays, and future near‐eye augmented reality/virtual reality displays. However, PeNCs are chemically vulnerable to heat, light, and moisture, and these weaknesses must be overcome before devices that use PeNCs can be commercialized. This review examines strategies to overcome the low stability of PeNCs and thereby permit the fabrication of stable downconversion films, and summarizes downconversion‐type display applications and future prospects. First, methods to increase the chemical stability of PeNCs are examined. Second, methods to encapsulate PeNC downconversion films to increase their lifetime are reviewed. Third, methods to increase the long‐term compatibility of resin with PeNCs, and finally, how to secure stability using fillers added to the resin are summarized. Fourth, the method to manufacture downconversion films and the procedure to evaluate their reliability for commercialization is then described. Finally, the prospects of a downconversion system that exploits the properties of PeNCs and can be employed to fabricate fine pixels for high‐resolution displays and for near‐eye augmented reality/virtual reality devices are explored.
INPP5D deficiency attenuates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lin Peter Bor‐Chian , Tsai Andy Po‐Yi , Soni Disha , Lee‐Gosselin Audrey , Moutinho Miguel , Puntambekar Shweta S. , Landreth Gary E. , Lamb Bruce T. , Oblak Adrian L.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Inositol polyphosphate‐5‐phosphatase (INPP5D) is a microglia‐enriched lipid phosphatase in the central nervous system. A non‐coding variant (rs35349669) in INPP5D increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and elevated INPP5D expression is associated with increased plaque deposition. INPP5D negatively regulates signaling via several microglial cell surface receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2); however, the impact of INPP5D inhibition on AD pathology remains unclear.

Methods

We used the 5xFAD mouse model of amyloidosis to assess how Inpp5d haplodeficiency regulates amyloid pathogenesis.

Results

Inpp5d haplodeficiency perturbs the microglial intracellular signaling pathways regulating the immune response, including phagocytosis and clearing of amyloid beta (Aβ). It is important to note that Inpp5d haploinsufficiency leads to the preservation of cognitive function. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed that pathways altered by Inpp5d haploinsufficiency are related to synaptic regulation and immune cell activation.

Conclusion

These data demonstrate that Inpp5d haplodeficiency enhances microglial functions by increasing plaque clearance and preserves cognitive abilities in 5xFAD mice. Inhibition of INPP5D is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
Enabling LiNO3 in carbonate electrolytes by flame‐retardant electrolyte additive as a cosolvent for enhanced performance of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Winter Eric , Briccola Mariano , Schmidt Thomas J. , Trabesinger Sigita
Published: December 2022

Most contemporary liquid Li‐ion battery chemistries are based on carbonate electrolytes, however, these typically perform poorly with metallic lithium. Especially, when only a small reservoir of metal is present, cells fail quickly due to the complete consumption of electrochemically active Li. Electrolyte modification is, therefore, a commonly chosen strategy to increase cycling stability and prolong lifetime of the cell. At the same time, complete redevelopment of an electrolyte usually creates a new set of problems, as conductivity, suitable electrochemical stability window and compatibility to all components of the cell needs to be ensured. It is, therefore, a reasonable strategy to alter existing electrolytes slightly, as has been done for the aforementioned carbonate electrolytes by incorporating lithium nitrate salt with triethyl phosphate as cosolvent into the mixture. As the role of the organophosphate is not fully clarified, our study aims to investigate its effect onto cycling stability, morphology, and reversibility of Li metal cycling both with and without LiNO3 salt. Using close‐to‐industrial conditions with limited excess of metallic Li at high current density, we are comparing cycling performance of the different electrolyte combinations. Contribution of the additive components to irreversible thickness growth due to the formation of inactive (“dead”) lithium and deposited lithium morphology is investigated by operando dilatometry and postmortem scanning electron microscopy. Finally, we are looking at modified solvent‐salt ratios to see whether further improvements of cell lifetime and morphology can be achieved.
A Highly Reversible Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Battery based on α‐MoO3/Ti3C2Tz Anodes and (NH4)xMnO2/CNTs Cathodes
Authors: Yang Li , Zheng Wei , Halim Joseph , Rosen Johanna , Sun ZhengMing , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: December 2022

Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) are appealing due to their relatively low cost and good rate performance. In general, AAIBs are environmentally friendlier than their non‐aqueous counterparts. However, it is still a challenge to achieve highly reversible AAIBs with decent voltages and energy/power densities. Herein, we report on a full‐cell configuration using α‐MoO3/Ti3C2Tz films as anodes, and (NH4)xMnO2/CNTs films as cathodes in a 1 M ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) electrolyte. At 2 V, the operating cell voltage, OCV, is one of the highest reported for AAIBs. A maximum energy density of ∼32 Wh kg−1 (∼54 Wh L−1) at 0.2 A g−1 and a maximum power density of ∼10 kW kg−1 (∼17 kW L−1) at 10 A g−1 are attained. When the full cells are cycled 2,000 times at 1 A g−1 they retain ∼73 % of their initial capacity. When cycling at 10 A g−1, ∼96 % of capacity is retained after 43,500 cycles. After 10 h, self‐discharge reduces the OCV to ∼72 % of its original value. This work provides a roadmap for developing high performance AAIBs with high voltages and high energy/power densities. Before this is possible it is imperative that the self‐discharge rate be substantially reduced.
The intersection of environmental and sustainability education, and character education: An instrumental case study
Authors: Jordan Karen E.
Published: December 2022

Although fostering values is promoted within environmental and sustainability education (ESE) and a shift in values is seen as essential for a sustainable future, recent international findings indicate that this aspect of ESE is being neglected. Previous research has shown there to be common ground between ESE and the field of character education (CE), a form of values education. Bringing together these two strands of theory and practice has the potential to be fruitful in terms of strengthening current, and introducing new, practices in both fields, particularly through drawing on existing evidence‐based strategies within CE to inform ESE. While there has been some work in this regard, this has been almost exclusively theoretical and there has been little research regarding thepracticeof such integration. This paper details an instrumental case study exploring an existing case of where ESE and CE come together in practice. A study was conducted at a Scottish, independent, all‐ages, holistic education‐oriented school, exploring how ESE is carried out. Data were gathered via teacher interviews, school observations, field notes and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: the school as a sustainable organism; holistic learning; fostering a connectedness with nature; and nurturing the whole person. The data were then analysed from a CE perspective revealing multiple points of ESE–CE intersection, e.g. school climate/ethos, role‐modelling and service‐learning. The findings reveal commonalities between ESE and CE and provide examples of integrated ESE–CE practice, demonstrating potential for collaboration or shared ESE–CE practice. Avenues for further research are suggested.
Dentin regeneration based on tooth tissue engineering: A review
Authors: Azaryan Ehsaneh , Emadian Razavi Fariba , Hanafi‐Bojd Mohammad Yahya , Alemzadeh Esmat , Naseri Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Missing or damaged teeth due to caries, genetic disorders, oral cancer, or infection may contribute to physical and mental impairment that reduces the quality of life. Despite major progress in dental tissue repair and those replacing missing teeth with prostheses, clinical treatments are not yet entirely satisfactory, as they do not regenerate tissues with natural teeth features. Therefore, much of the focus has centered on tissue engineering (TE) based on dental stem/progenitor cells to create bioengineered dental tissues. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the use of cells in regenerating sections of a tooth or a whole tooth. Tooth tissue engineering (TTE), as a promising method for dental tissue regeneration, can form durable biological substitutes for soft and mineralized dental tissues. The cell‐based TE approach, which directly seeds cells and bioactive components onto the biodegradable scaffolds, is currently the most potential method. Three essential components of this strategy are cells, scaffolds, and growth factors (GFs). This study investigates dentin regeneration after an injury such as caries using TE and stem/progenitor cell‐based strategies. We begin by discussing about the biological structure of a dentin and dentinogenesis. The engineering of teeth requires knowledge of the processes that underlie the growth of an organ or tissue. Then, the three fundamental requirements for dentin regeneration, namely cell sources, GFs, and scaffolds are covered in the current study, which may ultimately lead to new insights in this field.
A novel nomogram for the preoperative prediction of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xue‐fei , Zhang Guo‐chao , Zuo Zhi‐chao , Zhu Qing‐li , Liu Zhen‐zhen , Wu Sha‐fei , Li Jia‐xin , Du Jian‐hua , Yan Cun‐li , Ma Xiao‐ying , Shi Yue , Shi He , Zhou Yi‐dong , Mao Feng , Lin Yan , Shen Song‐jie , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Sun Qiang
Published: December 2022

Background or Purpose

A practical noninvasive method to identify sentinel lymph node (SLN) status in breast cancer patients, who had a suspicious axillary lymph node (ALN) at ultrasound (US), but a negative clinical physical examination is needed. To predict SLN metastasis using a nomogram based on US and biopsy‐based pathological features, this retrospective study investigated associations between clinicopathological features and SLN status.

Methods

Patients treated with SLN dissection at four centers were apportioned to training, internal, or external validation sets (n = 472, 175, and 81). Lymph node ultrasound and pathological characteristics were compared using chi‐squared and t‐tests. A nomogram predicting SLN metastasis was constructed using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

In the training set, statistically significant factors associated with SLN+ were as follows: histology type (p < 0.001); progesterone receptor (PR: p = 0.003); Her‐2 status (p = 0.049); and ALN‐US shape (p = 0.034), corticomedullary demarcation (CMD: p < 0.001), and blood flow (p = 0.001). With multivariate analysis, five independent variables (histological type, PR status, ALN‐US shape, CMD, and blood flow) were integrated into the nomogram (C‐statistic 0.714 [95% CI: 0.688–0.740]) and validated internally (0.816 [95% CI: 0.784–0.849]) and externally (0.942 [95% CI: 0.918–0.966]), with good predictive accuracy and clinical applicability.

Conclusion

This nomogram could be a direct and reliable tool for individual preoperative evaluation of SLN status, and therefore aids decisions concerning ALN dissection and adjuvant treatment.
Comparative Evaluation of Polyphenol Contents and Biological Activities of Five Cistus L. Species Native to Turkey
Authors: Nur Onal Fatma , Ozturk Ismail , Aydin Kose Fadime , Der Gulay , Kilinc Emrah , Baykan Sura
Published: December 2022

In this study phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activities of hydroethanolic extracts of five Cistus species (C. creticus L., C. laurifolius L., C. monspeliensis L., C. parviflorus Lam. and C. salviifolius L.) distributed in Turkey were investigated. (+)‐catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, luteolin were detected in different amounts. Strongest antioxidant capacities were observed with C. creticus, and C. parvifolius (0.476 and 0.452, respectively). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined between 32 and 128 μg/mL against different bacteria and Candida strains. C. monspeliensis and C. laurifolius extracts were inhibited the biofilm production levels of three Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli, S. enterica, P. aeruginosa), two Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis) and three Candida strains (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei). C. creticus extract showed strongest cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) and prostate cell lines (PC‐3) (IC50: 14.04±2.78 μg/mL and 34.04±2.74 μg/mL, respectively) among all plants tested.
Continuous mechanical aspiration thrombectomy performs equally well in main versus branch pulmonary emboli: A subgroup analysis of the EXTRACT‐PE trial
Authors: Leong Derek W. , Ayadi Bahram , Dexter David J. , Rosenberg Michael , Horowitz James M. , Chuang Michael L. , Dohad Suhail
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The EXTRACT‐PE trial evaluated the safety and performance of the Indigo Aspiration System (Penumbra Inc.) with an 8F continuous mechanical aspiration thrombectomy system for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). This subgroup analysis evaluates performance outcomes of patients with main pulmonary artery (PA) emboli versus discrete unilateral or bilateral PA emboli without main PA involvement.

Methods

The EXTRACT‐PE trial was a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter trial that enrolled 119 patients with acute submassive PE. Emboli location was collected at the time of enrollment, CT obstruction was measured and assessed by a Core Lab, and patients were grouped on whether emboli involved the main PA (with or without branch vessels) or not (branch vessels alone). Procedural device time, changes in the right ventricle to left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio, and systolic PA pressure from pre‐and posttreatment were compared between the two groups.

Results

Out of the 119 patients enrolled, 118 had core lab‐assessed clot locations. Forty‐five (38.1%) had emboli that involved the main PA and 73 (61.9%) had only branch emboli. No significant difference was observed between these groups for 30‐day mortality, procedural device time, changes in RV/LV ratio, reduction in CT Obstruction Index, or for systolic PA pressure from pre‐and posttreatment. The mean absolute reduction in clot burden was significant in both groups.

Conclusion

Continuous mechanical aspiration thrombectomy with the 8F Indigo Aspiration System was effective at improving clinical outcomes for submassive PE patients regardless of emboli location, and clot burden was significantly reduced in both groups.
Influence of the Rare Earth (R) Element in Ru‐supportedRScSi Electride‐like Intermetallic Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure: Insight into NH3Formation Mechanism
Authors: Croisé Charlotte , Alabd Khaled , Tencé Sophie , Gaudin Etienne , Villesuzanne Antoine , Courtois Xavier , Bion Nicolas , Can Fabien
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the influence of the rare‐earth (R) element in Ru/RScSi electride‐like intermetallic catalysts for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions (300–450 °C; 1–5 bar). All materials present poor specific surface area and the grain size impacts the ammonia yield. The catalytic performances follow the La to Gd lanthanides series (Ru1.7/LaScSi=Ru1.7/CeScSi=Ru1.7/PrScSi>Ru1.7/NdScSi>Ru1.5/SmScSi>Ru1.3/GdScSi) and appear correlated with the formation of the hydride phase. Ru1.7/CeScSi shows remarkable catalytic activity under moderate condition (0.58 mmolNH3/h/g at 300 °C, 1 bar) associated with its reversible hydrogen storage–release properties. It is evidenced thatRScSi materials assist the N2dissociation in agreement with their electride character and that the hydrogen for NH3formation mainly comes from gaseous hydrogen and not primarily from the hydride phase. It is suggested that NHXformation could be the rate determining step rather than the N2cleavage over these catalysts.
Adsorptive Potential of Orange Peel Biochar for Removal of Basic Red 46 Dye and Phytotoxicity Analysis
Authors: Kapoor Riti Thapar , Sivamani Selvaraju
Published: December 2022

This study assessed the sorption ability of orange peel biochar (OPB) for the removal of Basic Red 46 (BR46) dye. Batch trials were conducted to examine the effects of pH, time, initial dye concentration, dosage, temperature, and particle size on BR46 removal from aqueous solution. Maximum removal by OPB of 94 % was observed at pH 9 and an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L−1. The surface morphology of OPB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir model with maximum sorption capacity of 7.36 mg g−1. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics revealed a pseudo‐second‐order mechanism, chemisorption, and an exothermic process. Phytotoxicity studies revealed that OPB‐treated effluent can be used for irrigation. Thus, OPB could be a potential adsorbent for BR46 removal.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Fuzzy Logic for Modeling Conical Spiral Heat Exchangers
Authors: Soltanian Saber , Beigzadeh Reza
Published: December 2022

Computational fluid dynamics and fuzzy logic (FL) modeling methods were used to estimate heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in conical spiral tubes. The effects of coil pitch p and cone angle θ at Reynolds numbers Re of 1500–5500 on flow and heat transfer were investigated. Water with an inlet temperature of 298 K was considered as the working fluid, and a constant wall temperature of 398 K was used in the study. FL was used to predict the Nusselt number and friction factor in conical spiral tubes as functions of Re, θ, and p. FL is an efficient method for predicting complex systems and is a valuable complement to classical hard computing techniques. The purpose of the study was to find a relationship between heat exchanger parameters and performance characteristics. It was also investigated how the FL expert system plays an important role in predicting heat transfer performance.
Oxychalcogenides: A Promising Class of Materials for Nonlinear Optical Crystals with Mixed‐Anion Groups
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Yu Hongwei
Published: December 2022

Infrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) materials are of great significance in the development of IR laser technology. But rationally designing high‐performance IR NLO materials remains a huge challenge due to the conflict between the necessary properties required for NLO materials. Notably, oxychalcogenides with mixed‐anion groups have drawn extensive interest as a family of important IR NLO candidates because they integrate the property advantages of oxides and chalcogenides by chemical substitution engineering. In this review, we provide a survey of reported oxychalcogenides and aim to present the development of NLO oxychalcogenides from the perspective of rational design of their structural chemistry. Furthermore, we focus on the relationships between partial substitution and structural symmetry as well as optical properties. These provide some helpful guidance for the further exploration and design of novel oxychalcogenide materials with excellent NLO performance in the future.
Energy Performance Improvement of a Solar Still System Using Date and Olive Kernels: Experimental Study
Authors: Brihmat Abdeldjabar , Mahcene Hocine , Bechki Djamel , Bouguettaia Hamza , Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Boughali Slimane
Published: December 2022

Currently, solar distillation systems are used to contribute to solving the fresh water supply deficiency problem in some desert and rural areas. The present outdoor experimental work aims to improve the energy performance of a solar still installed in a semi‐arid region. Experiments are performed using three solar distillers (a reference system, a distiller with date kernels, and one with olive kernels). The integration effect of two kernel types date and olive with different concentrations in the range of 300–600 g kernels per 5 L on the hourly and cumulus water production, and thermal and exergy efficiencies are analyzed. The results show that, for the same kernel mass concentration, the system with olive kernel is more effective than that with date kernels; moreover, compared to the reference system, cumulus water production of these systems at a mass concentration of 500 g kernels per 5 L is higher by ≈226% and 176%, respectively. At a concentration of 500 g kernels per 5 L, the average daily thermal efficiency of the solar still with olive kernels and that with date kernels is 38.01% and 30.7%, respectively, and their daily average exergy efficiency is 8.4% and 3.1%, respectively.
The utility of claudin‐4 versus MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4 in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in cytology specimens
Authors: Najjar Saleh , Gan Qiong , Stewart John , Sneige Nour
Published: December 2022

Background

Claudin‐4 is a sensitive and specific marker for carcinoma in effusion cytology. The authors examined the diagnostic use of claudin‐4 versus MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4 by comparing their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) in differentiating carcinoma from mesothelioma and benign/mesothelial hyperplasia in effusion specimens.

Methods

This retrospective study comprised a cohort of 229 cytology specimens, including 211 effusion fluid and 18 fine‐needle aspiration specimens. Cytologic categories included 134 carcinoma, 28 mesothelioma, 46 indefinite (suspicious and atypical), and 21 benign. Cell block sections were stained for claudin‐4 and compared with those previously stained for MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4. Indefinite cases were further reclassified based on clinical and pathologic findings into benign (26 cases), mesothelioma (11 cases), and carcinoma (nine cases).

Results

None of the mesotheliomas (0/39) or benign effusions (0/47) were positive for claudin‐4, whereas 134 of the 143 carcinoma specimens were positive. Compared to MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4, claudin‐4 had the highest specificity and PPV (100% for each), followed by Ber‐EP4. Claudin‐4 showed high sensitivity (93.7%), albeit lower than MOC‐31. MOC‐31 had the lowest specificity and PPV but the highest sensitivity and NPV. Ber‐EP4 had the lowest sensitivity (91.6%).

Conclusions

Claudin‐4 can be used as a single marker for carcinoma with high sensitivity and superior specificity compared with MOC‐31 and Ber‐EP4. Mesothelial lineage can be ruled out when claudin‐4 is positive. In equivocal cytology samples with few scattered cells of interest, a panel of claudin‐4 and Ber‐EP4 results in the highest combined sensitivity and specificity.
A novel modified tunicate swarm algorithm for optimal charge scheduling and pricing of electric vehicles with user priority‐based charging station selection
Authors: Nair Lakshmi M. , D. M. Mary Synthia Regis Prabha
Published: December 2022

In recent days, electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as a viable transportation alternative by industry people to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions problems of regular fuel vehicles. While EVs' performance is limited due to their restricted battery power, charging wait for service, and high resource costs, they are still a viable option. To enhance the EV's performance, this work introduced an optimized priority‐based charge scheduling with dynamic pricing model. For this, a novel modified tunicate swarm algorithm method, which is the enhanced form of the standard tunicate swarm algorithm, is proposed. When an EV arrives at the charging station, the EV user is permitted to choose the type of charging based on his/her requirements. In general, when charging EVs in public stations or during peak hours, customers must be patient and wait for significant periods of time. The introduced model ignores this negative effect. EV users have also mentioned the issue of controlled charging rates as a key barrier. This is a difficult task, but it is accomplished in this study, which optimizes total charge costs. Finally, the results acquired are discussed under overall cost and energy consumption.
Do lower environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rated companies have higher systemic impact? Empirical evidence from Europe and the United States
Authors: Bax Karoline , Bonaccolto Giovanni , Paterlini Sandra
Published: December 2022

In recent years, companies have increasingly been characterized by environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores, and investors and academics have raised questions concerning financial performance and investment risks. Now, as the European Banking Authority has acknowledged that ESG risks can potentially impact the economic and financial system, the debate on systemic risk has gained traction. Understanding the relationship between ESG merit and systemic risk is of utmost importance for the stability of the economic and financial system, still, research is limited. Relying on real‐world European and United Stated data, we quantify systemic risk by means of QL‐CoVaR. Empirical analyses of the entire period from 2007 to 2021 show that companies with high ESG scores tend to exhibit low QL‐CoVaR values indicating a positive effect of ESG scores. Such evidence is confirmed by clustering the individual companies into ESG portfolios and focusing on COVID‐19. Additional insights using the individual pillars are also provided.
Hemorrhagic gastric ulcer in a patient with Behcet's disease successfully treated with infliximab
Authors: Fujiwara Shun , Kawamoto Ami , Motobayashi Maiko , Hibiya Shuji , Takenaka Kento , Shimizu Hiromichi , Saito Eiko , Fujii Toshimitsu , Nagahori Masakazu , Kawata Daisuke , Umezawa Natsuka , Hosoya Tadashi , Yasuda Shinsuke , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Okamoto Ryuichi
Published: December 2022

Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystem immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder that occasionally involves the gastrointestinal tract. Reports on gastrointestinal involvement of BD are relatively rare, of which gastroduodenal involvement is particularly rare. Endoscopic features of gastroduodenal lesions are unknown, and treatment strategies have not been established. In this report, we present the case of a 72‐year‐old female with gastrointestinal BD who presented with extensive gastroduodenal ulcers and hematemesis that were resistant to colchicine and corticosteroid treatment, which were subsequently successfully treated with infliximab. We also review the current literature on the gastroduodenal involvement of BD. Although rare, the case highlights the importance of being aware of upper gastrointestinal manifestations of BD, as well as demonstrating the potential of infliximab to treat corticosteroid‐resistant cases.
Potential triggers for large earthquakes in open‐pit mines: A case study from Kuzbass, Siberia
Authors: Kocharyan Gevorg , Qi Chengzhi , Kishkina Svetlana , Kulikov Vladimir
Published: December 2022

The extraction and movement of rock during mining operations is considered a possible trigger for slip along the fault. In this study, possible anthropogenic causes were analyzed for triggering the earthquake with the local magnitude of ML = 6.1 (at a depth of 4 km just beneath the quarry), in the vicinity of the large coal open‐pit mine in Russia. This event was the largest earthquake associated with a quarry (an open pit). A sufficiently deep occurrence of the source testified that seismic vibrations were produced in a dynamic slip along a preexisting and prestressed tectonic fault. Analytical calculations were conducted of increments of normal and shear stresses at fault planes with several dip angles at depths corresponding to the probable location of the hypocenter of the Bachat earthquake. As the results show, long‐term rock excavations bring a prestressed thrust fault closer to the ultimate Coulomb strength, and stress variations at those depths may suffice to initiate a movement along the fault. By measuring seismic vibrations at different quarries and mines in Russia, the dynamic effect at the supposed depth of the source occurrence could be reliably estimated. As is shown, the ultimate anticipated dynamic deformations are noticeably lower than corresponding values produced by seismic waves of distant earthquakes in the case when the effects of dynamic triggering were observed. Accordingly, the seismic effect of explosions cannot trigger a large earthquake with deep source occurrence. Operations in open‐pit mines can only bring forward the moment of an earthquake at a potentially seismogenic fault. At the same time, the numerical calculations reveal that a branching network of underground tunnels located at several horizons can noticeably reduce the effective shear modulus of the host rock. This effect can even provoke a dynamic movement at a previously aseismic fault.
Co‐occurrence of nonsuicidal self‐injury and eating disorder pathology in adolescents
Authors: Reas Deborah Lynn , Wisting Line , Lindvall Dahlgren Camilla
Published: December 2022

Objective

Little is known about the co‐occurrence of nonsuicidal self‐injurious (NSSI) behaviors and eating disorder (ED) pathology in community samples of adolescents.

Methods

A total of 1558 Norwegian upper secondary school students (Grades 11, 12, and 13) completed the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory and a measure of ED pathology.

Results

Adolescents (53.1% F, 46.9% M) were a mean age of 17.1 years. A higher level of ED pathology was reported (12.1 vs. 5.3, p < .001) among adolescents who had a history of NSSI. Significantly higher levels of ED pathology were found among females who reported hitting themselves until bruised, head banging, severe scratching, and burning with a lighter, but not cutting, or the other forms of self‐injury. Of adolescents with a history of NSSI, 60% of females and 15% of males scored above a cutoff for ED pathology. Of adolescents scoring above a cutoff for ED pathology, 42.5% of females and 37.1% of males had engaged in lifetime NSSI.

Discussion

Adolescents—in particular, females— with a history of NSSI reported significantly greater ED pathology. Notably, a higher proportion of males with ED pathology reported lifetime self‐injury than vice versa, underscoring the importance of carefully screening for the presence of self‐harm among males with ED pathology.

Public Significance Statement

Over 1500 upper secondary school students with an average age of 17 years completed an online survey assessing current ED pathology and lifetime NSSI. Adolescents, particularly females, with a history of self‐harm reported significantly more ED pathology. Findings also indicated the need to carefully screen for self‐harm among males with ED pathology. Parents, schools, and health professionals should be aware that self‐harm and ED pathology commonly co‐occur and warrant assessment.
Partner intrinsic characteristics influence foraging trip duration, but not coordination of care in wandering albatrossesDiomedea exulans
Authors: McCully Fionnuala R. , Weimerskirch Henri , Cornell Stephen J. , Hatchwell Ben J. , Cairo Milena , Patrick Samantha C.
Published: December 2022

Long‐lived monogamous species gain long‐term fitness benefits by equalizing effort during biparental care. For example, many seabird species coordinate care by matching foraging trip durations within pairs. Age affects coordination in some seabird species; however, the impact of other intrinsic traits, including personality, on potential intraspecific variation in coordination strength is less well understood. The impacts of pair members' intrinsic traits on trip duration and coordination strength were investigated using data from saltwater immersion loggers deployed on 71 pairs of wandering albatrossesDiomedea exulans. These were modeled against pair members' age, boldness, and their partner's previous trip duration. At the population level, the birds exhibited some coordination of parental care that was of equal strength during incubation and chick‐brooding. However, there was low variation in coordination between pairs and coordination strength was unaffected by the birds' boldness or age in either breeding stage. Surprisingly, during incubation, foraging trip duration was mainly driven by partner traits, as birds which were paired to older and bolder partners took shorter trips. During chick‐brooding, shorter foraging trips were associated with greater boldness in focal birds and their partners, but age had no effect. These results suggest that an individual's assessment of their partner's capacity or willingness to provide care may be a major driver of trip duration, thereby highlighting the importance of accounting for pair behavior when studying parental care strategies.
Passive sampling hypothesis did not shape microbial species–area relationships in open microcosm systems
Authors: Deng Wei , Cheng Yi‐Ting , Li Zheng‐Qiang , Zhou Fa‐Ping , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Xiao Wen
Published: December 2022

The passive sampling hypothesis is one of the most important hypotheses used to explain the mechanism of species–area relationships (SAR) formation. This hypothesis has not yet been experimentally validated due to the confusion between passive sampling (a larger area may support more colonists when fully sampled) and sampling effects (more sampling effort will result in increased species richness when sampling is partial). In this study, we created an open microcosm system with homogeneous habitat, consistent total resources, and biodiversity background using Chinese paocai soup, a fermented vegetable, as a substrate. We made efforts to entirely exclude the influence of sampling effects and to exclusively obtain microorganisms from dispersal using microcosm and high‐throughput sequencing techniques. However, in this study, passive sampling based on dispersal failed to shape SAR, and community differences were predominantly caused by species replacement, with only minor contributions from richness differences. Ecological processes including extinction and competitive exclusion, as well as underlying factors like temporal scales and the small island effects, are very likely to have been involved in the studied system. To elucidate the mechanism of SAR development, future studies should design experiments to validate the involvement of dispersal independently.
NR4A3 fusions characterize a distinctive peritoneal mesothelial neoplasm of uncertain biological potential with pure adenomatoid/microcystic morphology
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Brcic Luka , Briski Laurence M. , Hung Yin P. , Michal Michael , Michal Michal , Nielsen G. Petur , Stoehr Robert , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: December 2022

A focal adenomatoid‐microcystic pattern is not uncommon in peritoneal mesothelioma, but tumors composed almost exclusively of this pattern are distinctly rare and have not been well characterized. A small subset of mesotheliomas (mostly in children and young adults) are characterized by gene fusions including EWSR1/FUS::ATF1, EWSR1::YY1, and NTRK and ALK rearrangements, and often have epithelioid morphology. Herein, we describe five peritoneal mesothelial neoplasms (identified via molecular screening of seven histologically similar tumors) that are pure adenomatoid/microcystic in morphology and unified by the presence of an NR4A3 fusion. Patients were three males and two females aged 31–70 years (median, 40 years). Three presented with multifocal/diffuse and two with a localized disease. The size of the individual lesions ranged from 1.5 to 8 cm (median, 4.7). The unifocal lesions originated in the small bowel mesentery and the mesosigmoid. Treatment included surgery, either alone (three) or combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (two), and neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (one case each). At the last follow‐up (6–13 months), all five patients were alive and disease‐free. All tumors were morphologically similar, characterized by extensive sieve‐like microcystic growth with bland‐looking flattened cells lining variably sized microcystic spaces and lacked a conventional epithelioid or sarcomatoid component. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial differentiation, but most cases showed limited expression of D2‐40 and calretinin. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed an NR4A3 fusion (fusion partners were EWSR1 in three cases and CITED2 and NIPBL in one case each). The nosology and behavior of this morphomolecularly defined novel peritoneal mesothelial neoplasm of uncertain biological potential and its distinction from adenomatoid variants of conventional mesothelioma merit further delineation as more cases become recognized.
Impact of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies in the management of patients with lymphoma and COVID19: A retrospective study
Authors: Assanto Giovanni Manfredi , Di Rocco Alice , Malfona Francesco , Capriata Marcello , Del Giudice Ilaria , Petrucci Luigi , Girardi Paola , D’Elia Gianna Maria , Martelli Maurizio , Gentile Giuseppe , Micozzi Alessandra , Pulsoni Alessandro
Published: December 2022

COVID19 in patients affected by lymphoma represents an important challenge because of the higher mortality rate. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies (anti‐S MoAbs) appear promising in this setting. We report a monocentric retrospective study including 176 patients affected by lymphoma which developed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection since the start of COVID19 pandemic. Overall, mortality was 13.1%, with a decreasing trend between first waves to the last wave of pandemic (18.5% vs. 9.4%, p 0.076). Patients receiving anti‐S MoAbs (41.3%) showed inferior mortality rate (overall survival, OS 93.2% vs. 82.7%, p 0.025) with no serious toxicity, reduced documented pneumonia (26% vs. 33%, p 0.005), and reduced need of oxygen support (14.5% vs. 35.7%, p 0.003). Among patients who received 3 doses of vaccine, the employment of anti‐COVID MoAbs showed a trend of superior survival versus those who did not receive Anti‐S MoAbs (OS rates 97.3% vs. 84.2%, p 0.064). On multivariate analysis, active haematological disease (OS 72% (HR 2.49 CI 1.00–6.41), bendamustine exposure (OS 60% HR 4.2 CI 1.69–10.45) and at least one comorbidity (HR 6.53 CI 1.88–22.60) were independent prognostic factors for death. Our study confirms the adverse prognostic role of COVID‐19 in lymphoma patients in presence of active disease, comorbidities and previous exposure to bendamustine. In our experience, anti‐S MoAbs represented a therapeutic option in vaccinated patients.
Inequalities in the omission of axillary dissection in sentinel lymph node positive patients in the Netherlands: Innovative hospitals are early adopters of a de‐escalating approach
Authors: van Steenhoven Julia E. C. , van Maaren Marissa C. , Verreck Eline E. F. , Schipper Robert J. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Kuijer Anne , Siesling Sabine , van Dalen Thijs
Published: December 2022

During the last decade completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) was gradually omitted in sentinel lymph node positive (SLN+) breast cancer patients. However, adoption varies among hospitals. We analyzed factors associated with the omission of cALND in all Dutch SLN+ patients. As one of the focus hospital‐related factors we defined “innovative” as the percentage of gene‐expression profile (GEP) deployment within the indicated group of patients per hospital as a proxy for early adoption of innovations. cT1‐2N0M0 SLN+ patients treated between 2011 and 2018 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Hospitals were defined to be innovative based on their GEP use. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was performed to assess the relationship between innovative capacity, patient‐, treatment‐ and hospital‐related characteristics and cALND performance. 14 317 patients were included. Treatment in a hospital with high innovative capacity was associated with a lower probability of receiving cALND (OR 0.69, OR 0.46 and OR 0.35 in modestly, fairly and very innovative, respectively). Other factors associated with a lower probability of receiving a cALND were age 70 and 79 years and ≥79 years (ORs 0.59 [95% CI: 0.50‐0.68] and 0.21 [95% CI: 0.17‐0.26]) and treatment in an academic hospital (OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.33‐0.51]). Factors associated with an increased probability of undergoing cALND were HR−/HER2− tumors (OR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.19‐1.80]), macrometastatic lymph node involvement (OR 6.37 [95% CI: 5.70‐7.13]) and mastectomy (OR 4.57 [95% CI: 4.09‐5.10]). Patients treated in a hospital that early adopted innovations were less likely to receive cALND. Our findings endorse the need for studies on barriers and facilitators of implementing innovations.
Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in Vietnamese pharmacy and non‐pharmacy students during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tran Van De , Nguyen Trung Kien , Dewey Rebecca Susan , Le Minh Hoang , Pham Duy Toan
Published: December 2022

Background

Globally, the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had a devastating psychological impact on people, especially the healthcare workers/students, in many different community settings. Limited research has been reported on the mental health issue of healthcare students in Vietnam.

Objectives

This study investigated and quantified depression, anxiety, and psychological distress levels among healthcare students, with an emphasis on comparing those studying pharmacy to students in other healthcare‐related disciplines, in Vietnam during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study recruited 2246 respondents between September 7 and October 7, 2021, in which 230 were pharmacy students with a mean age of 20.0 ± 1.6 years and most of them had a low COVID‐19 fear level. The standardized Patient Health Questionnaire–4 (PHQ‐4) scale, consisting of two subscales of PHQ‐2 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐2 (GAD‐2), was utilized for the screening of depression and anxiety levels.

Results

Pharmacy students scored significantly higher on the PHQ‐4 psychological distress measure than non‐pharmacy students (mean 2.23 vs. 1.90, p = 0.039). Compared to non‐pharmacy students, pharmacy students had higher rates of anxiety (10.4% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.028).

Conclusion

The prevalence of anxiety was higher among pharmacy students in comparison to non‐pharmacy students. These findings present a need to recognize and conduct early intervention measures for mental health problems in healthcare students, especially pharmacy students, during recovery from the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Development of 14‐gene signature prognostic model based on metastasis for colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Tong , Yu Qian , Liu Te , Yang Wenjing , Chen Wei , Jin Anli , Wang Hao , Ding Lin , Zhang Chunyan , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei
Published: December 2022

Background

Metastasis is the main cause of death of colorectal tumors, in our study a prognosis model was built by analyzing the differentially expressed genes between metastatic and non‐metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We used this feature to predict CRC patient prognosis and explore the causes of colorectal tumor metastasis by characterizing the immune status alteration.

Methods

CRC patient data were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. We constructed a risk prognostic model by using Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based on CRC metastasis‐related genes. We also obtained a nomogram to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. Finally, we explored the underlying mechanism of these metastasis‐related genes and CRC prognosis using immune infiltration analysis and experimental verification.

Results

According to our prognostic model, in TCGA, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the training and test sets were 0.72 and 0.76, respectively, and 0.68 for the GEO external data set. This suggested that the treatment and prognosis of patients could be effectively determined. At the same time, we found that the B and T cells in both tissues and peripheral blood of high MR‐risk score patients were mostly in immune static or inactivated states compared with those of low MR‐risk score patients.

Conclusions

MR‐risk score has a direct correlation with CRC patient prognosis. It is useful for predicting the prognosis and patient immune status for these patients.