bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybridization of solar dish‐stirling technology: Analysis and design
Authors: Bravo Y. , Monné C. , Bernal N. , Carvalho M. , Moreno F. , Muñoz M.
Published: January 2014

Integration of renewable energies differentiates high concentration solar thermal technologies from photovoltaics. The popularization of high concentration solar thermal technologies facilities can be increased if alternative energy sources are used, with a significant advantage in investment recovery. As the operation hours are increased, the environmental impact is also improved. This article analyzes the hybridization of two dish‐Stirling facilities, distinguishable by the two different fuels utilized: natural gas and biogas. Different considerations for the design of required elements for hybridization are presented, specifically the burner and the heat exchanger for biogas use. An evaluation of the environmental impact associated with hybridization using natural gas and then biogas is also carried out. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is performed with SimaPro software for each fuel scenario using: (i) the Ecoindicator‐99 impact evaluation method; and (ii) CO2‐equivalent emissions. Novel aspects of this study include the analysis of the global output of the hybrid system, considering two different fuels. Analysis also takes into consideration environmental criteria to establish a comparison. Results show an advantage for hybridization using biogas, a renewable source, instead of natural gas. The environmental viewpoint, considered by the LCA, adds a differential decision criterion at the same time that it favors investments in this technology. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1459–1466, 2014
A newly synthesized compound, 4′‐geranyloxyferulic acid–N(omega)‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester suppresses inflammation‐associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male mice
Authors: Shimizu Masahito , Kochi Takahiro , Shirakami Yohei , Genovese Salvatore , Epifano Francesco , Fiorito Serena , Mori Takayuki , Tanaka Takuji , Moriwaki Hisataka
Published: January 2014

We previously reported the cancer chemopreventive activity of 4′‐geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA, Miyamoto et al., Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:675‐84) and a β‐cyclodextrin inclusion compound of GOFA (Tanaka et al., Int J Cancer 2010; 126:830‐40) in colitis‐related colorectal carcinogenesis. In our study, the chemopreventive effects of a newly synthesized GOFA‐containing compound, GOFA–N(omega)‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), which inhibits inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX) enzymes, were investigated using a colitis‐associated mouse colorectal carcinogenesis model with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The dietary administration of GOFA–L‐NAME after the AOM and DSS treatments significantly reduced the multiplicity of adenocarcinomas (inhibition rates: 100 ppm, 84%, p < 0.001; 500 ppm, 94%, p < 0.001) compared with the AOM + DSS group. Dietary GOFA–L‐NAME significantly decreased the proliferation (p < 0.001) and increased the apoptosis (p < 0.001) of colonic adenocarcinoma cells. A subsequent short‐term experiment revealed that dietary GOFA–L‐NAME decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory enzymes, such as iNOS and COX‐2, and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)−1β, IL‐6 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)−2 in the colonic mucosa of mice that received 1.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. Our findings indicate that GOFA–L‐NAME is able to inhibit colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis by modulating inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice.
Molecular therapy of colorectal cancer: Progress and future directions
Authors: Weng Wenhao , Feng Junlan , Qin Huanlong , Ma Yanlei
Published: January 2014

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common types of cancer and leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Although the introduction of cytotoxic drugs such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan and fluorouracil has improved the treatment of advanced CRC, the individual response to chemoradiotherapy varies tremendously from one patient to another. However, recent progress in CRC molecular therapies may provide new insight into the treatment of this disease. Currently, components of the EGFR, VEGF, Wnt and NF‐kB pathways are the most important targets for CRC therapy. This review chronicles the development of molecular CRC therapies over the past few decades. We also provide an update on the current progress of research concerning the molecular pathways leading to CRC and discuss the possible implications for CRC therapy.
Cytokines in serum in relation to future non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk: Evidence for associations by histologic subtype
Authors: Edlefsen Kerstin L. , Martínez‐Maza Otoniel , Madeleine Margaret M. , Magpantay Larry , Mirick Dana K. , Kopecky Kenneth J. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , De Roos Anneclaire J.
Published: January 2014

Specific associations for lymphoma in the general population suggest that chronic immune dysfunction/dysregulation may be associated with the development of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Furthermore, polymorphisms in several cytokine genes have been associated with increased lymphoma risk, most consistently with genes for TNF and IL10. To evaluate the hypothesis that prediagnostic circulating cytokine levels would be associated with increased B‐cell lymphoma risk, we conducted a nested case‐control study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort involving 491 B‐cell NHL cases and 491 controls. Levels of eleven cytokines, including IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL13, TNF, IFNγ and GM‐CSF, were measured using a Luminex suspension bead‐based multiplexed array in prediagnostic serum samples collected a median of 6 years prior to the lymphoma diagnosis. We observed a modestly increased risk of all B‐cell NHL in women with increased levels of the cytokines TNF and IL10 (OR1.22, CI 1.07–1.38 and OR 1.09, CI 1.04–1.15, respectively, per doubling in the serum cytokine concentration) and this association showed some variation according to histologic subtype. The increased risk was strongest for those neoplasms diagnosed in close proximity to the blood draw for some histologic subtypes but not others, suggesting a component of reverse causation. Further study will be required to better understand how genetic polymorphisms in TNF and IL10 genes may interact with circulating cytokine levels and states of chronic immune dysfunction/stimulation to contribute to the risk of B‐cell NHL.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study of THC/CBD spray in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment
Authors: Serpell M. , Ratcliffe S. , Hovorka J. , Schofield M. , Taylor L. , Lauder H. , Ehler E.
Published: January 2014

Background

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) associated with allodynia poses a significant clinical challenge. The efficacy of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBD) oromucosal spray, a novel cannabinoid formulation, was investigated in this 15‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled parallel group study.

Methods

In total, 303 patients with PNP associated with allodynia were screened; 128 were randomized to THC/CBD spray and 118 to placebo, in addition to their current analgesic therapy. The co‐primary efficacy endpoints were the 30% responder rate in PNP 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) score and the mean change from baseline to the end of treatment in this score. Various key secondary measures of pain and functioning were also investigated.

Results

At the 30% responder level, there were statistically significant treatment differences in favour of THC/CBD spray in the full analysis (intention‐to‐treat) dataset [p = 0.034; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–3.70]. There was also a reduction in mean PNP 0–10 NRS scores in both treatment groups that was numerically higher in the THC/CBD spray group, but which failed to reach statistical significance. Secondary measures of sleep quality 0–10 NRS score (p = 0.0072) and Subject Global Impression of Change (SGIC) (p = 0.023) also demonstrated statistically significant treatment differences in favour of THC/CBD spray treatment.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that, in a meaningful proportion of otherwise treatment‐resistant patients, clinically important improvements in pain, sleep quality and SGIC of the severity of their condition are obtained with THC/CBD spray. THC/CBD spray was well tolerated and no new safety concerns were identified.
Perceived Burdensomeness and Suicide‐Related Behaviors in Clinical Samples: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Pettit Jeremy W.
Published: January 2014

Context

The interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide identifies perceived burdensomeness as a primary component of suicidal desire and a possible point of intervention for suicide prevention. A growing literature has explored the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicide‐related behaviors.

Objective

The aim of this review is to integrate the evidence, identify critical gaps in the evidence‐base, and explore implications for translation to prevention and intervention science.

Methods

Papers published that reported on the association between perceived burdensomeness and suicide‐related behaviors were included.

Results

The literature indicates (a) significant cross‐sectional associations between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and (b) that perceived burdensomeness acts as either a moderator or a mediator of the association between risk and protective factors and suicide‐related behaviors.

Conclusion

Research is needed to examine the longitudinal association between perceived burdensomeness and suicide‐related behaviors, develop additional measurement approaches, generalize findings to other samples, and begin translating findings to prevention and intervention science.
Reference values of maternal ophthalmic artery doppler variables in the first trimester of normal pregnancy
Authors: Alves Júlio Augusto Gurgel , Yang Bruna , de Sousa Paulo Cesar Praciano , Bezerra Maia e Holanda Moura Sammya , Kane Stefan , da Silva Costa Fabrício
Published: January 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to establish normative data for ophthalmic artery Doppler variables in the first trimester of normal pregnancy.

Methods

Maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler signals were recorded in 409 singleton pregnancies at 11–14 weeks' gestation, in mothers presenting consecutively for routine antenatal care. Pulsatility and resistance indices (PI, RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), first peak diastolic velocity (PD1), and peak ratio (PR) were measured. Quartile regression was used to estimate reference ranges in the late first trimester of pregnancy.

Results

Mean ± SD values for maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation were RI = 0.81 ± 0.12, PI = 2.06 ± 0.57, PSV = 36.41 ± 12.1, PD1 = 21.07 ± 7.62, and PR = 0.58 ± 0.11. All clinical and Doppler variables were normally distributed. PD1 values were higher in patients who smoked, and in those with diabetes or a history of pre‐eclampsia. PR values were higher in patients with diabetes and chronic hypertension, and lower in the nulliparous; these values declined as gestation advanced from 11 to 14 weeks, whereas the other variables remained unchanged.

Conclusions

We provide reference values for maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler variables in the first trimester of normal pregnancy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:199–204, 2014
Molecular aspects of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kiguchi Kaoru
Published: January 2014

Novel targets for therapeutic or chemopreventive approaches against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are urgently needed. In this review article, we discuss the molecular aspects of CCA including the role of erbB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), downstream signaling pathways of these erbB RTKs, inflammatory mediators during gallbladder carcinogenesis and bile acids based on our study using a mouse model for human CCA (BK5.erbB2 mice) as well as additional information in the literature.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled with static headspace sampling to analyze volatile compounds: Application to almonds
Authors: Manzano Pilar , Diego Juan Carlos , Bernal José Luis , Nozal María Jesús , Bernal José
Published: January 2014

The hyphenation of static headspace sampling with comprehensive 2D GC equipped with a modulator based on capillary flow technology and a flame ionization detector was used to separate and identify 43 representative target volatile compounds (light hydrocarbons, carbonyls, pyrazines, alcohols, furans, and benzenes) frequently detected in the roasting process of nuts. Five column combinations with differing degrees of orthogonality (one conventional and four inverted phase sets) were tested in order to obtain the best conditions for analyzing these volatile compounds. Optimization of the working conditions for each of the different column combinations was performed by means of a central composite design. The best results in terms of separation and differentiation among the different chemical groups were achieved with a combination of inverted phase columns (first dimension: highly polar, INNOWax; second dimension: mid‐polar, ZB‐35). Additionally, a reference template was developed to provide an effective and rapid analysis of the target compounds. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to identify volatile compounds in raw and roasted almond samples from the Spanish cultivar Largueta.
Low‐loss aluminium nitride thin film for mid‐infrared microphotonics
Authors: Lin Pao Tai , Jung Hojoong , Kimerling Lionel C. , Agarwal Anu , Tang Hong X.
Published: January 2014

Mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) microphotonic devices including (i) straight/bent waveguides and (ii) Y‐junction beam splitters are developed on thin films of CMOS‐compatible sputter deposited aluminum nitride (AlN)‐on‐silicon. An optical loss of 0.83 dB/cm at λ = 2.5 µm is achieved. In addition, an efficient mid‐IR 50:50 beam splitter is demonstrated over 200 nm spectral bandwidth along with a <2% power difference between adjacent channels. With the inherent advantage of an ultra‐wide transparent window (ultraviolent to mid‐IR), our AlN mid‐IR platform can enable broadband optical networks on a chip.
Effects of Intermicellar Interactions on the Dissociation of Block Copolymer Micelles: SANS and NMR Studies
Authors: Cheng Gang , Hammouda Boualem , Perahia Dvora
Published: January 2014

The effects of intermicellar interactions on the dissociation of block copolymer micelles of poly­styrene‐block‐polyisoprene in a selective solvent, decane, are investigated using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and1H NMR spectroscopy. This well‐studied polymer is used as a model system to correlate intermicellar interactions with overall micellar stability. Decane is a preferential solvent for polyisoprene (PI) and drives the association of the polystyrene (PS) blocks, resulting in spherical micelles with a PS core and a Gaussian PI corona. The dissociation of the PS–PI micelles is triggered by increasing temperature, while the intermicellar interactions are controlled by varying the polymer concentration and modulating temperature. With increasing temperature, the cores of the micelles first swell, followed by a breakdown to smaller micelles, with similar shapes, that eventually dissociate into single molecules. Herein, it is shown for the first time that enhancing the intermicellar interaction delays the dissociation process of the micelles.

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Context Effects on Older Consumers’ Cognitive Age: The Role of Hedonic versus Utilitarian Goals
Authors: Guido Gianluigi , Amatulli Cesare , Peluso Alessandro M.
Published: January 2014

This paper deals with older consumers’ cognitive age (i.e., the age they feel), which is self‐assessed as systematically lower than their chronological age (i.e., their actual age). Such a tendency would lead older consumers to display attitudes and purchasing behaviors, which are not typical of people of their real age. Two studies show that cognitive age is not an immutable construct but varies according to its context of reference, so that the same individual may feel different ages under different circumstances. Results demonstrate that the declared cognitive age is affected by the physical environment, the social references, and the product categories that the consumer is using when self‐assessing it. Furthermore, the tendency of older consumers to feel younger is stronger when these consumers are pursuing in these contexts hedonic rather than utilitarian goals. These findings provide novel inputs for the development of appropriate ways to measure cognitive age and to deal with it when targeting senior consumers and positioning hedonic versus utilitarian goods.
Retailers’ Price Positioning and the Motivational Profiling of Store‐Brand Shoppers: The Case of Spain
Authors: González‐Benito Óscar , Martos‐Partal Mercedes , Fustinoni‐Venturini Mariana
Published: January 2014

In recent years, retailers have worked to advance store‐brand strategies, leading to greater success and higher congruence with the retailer's positioning. In this new competitive context, this research aims to characterize store‐brand shoppers in terms of motivation and benefits sought, as well as analyze, on the basis of congruence theory, the moderating role of a retailer's price positioning on store‐brand shopper characterizations. The empirical study combines survey and household panel information related to leading retailers in Spain; the findings reveal that store‐brand shoppers are motivated by their price sensitivity, whereas they are less sensitive to service quality and name brands. However, the retailer's price positioning exerts a moderating effect on shopper profiles: In less price‐oriented retail chains, store‐brand purchases seem motivated less by price and more by quality, brand awareness, and brand reputation.
Effects of Mood and Elaboration on Processing and Evaluation of Goal‐Framed Appeals
Authors: Putrevu Sanjay
Published: January 2014

Two experiments examined the influence of mood and elaboration on consumer processing and evaluation of goal‐framed appeals. Subjects displayed more favorable attitudes and purchase intent (PI) when exposed to negative goal frames than equivalent positive ones. These effects were attenuated under high‐elaboration conditions. Compared to subjects in positive moods, those in negative moods exhibited more favorable thoughts, attitudes, and PI toward negative goal frames. Finally, mood and frame valence did not affect depth of processing but had a consistent impact on style of processing, that is, positive frames and moods induced relational processing whereas negative frames and moods engendered item‐specific processing.
Effect of heat processing on antibody reactivity to allergen variants and fragments of black tiger prawn: A comprehensive allergenomic approach
Authors: Kamath Sandip D. , Rahman Anas M. Abdel , Voskamp Astrid , Komoda Toshikazu , Rolland Jennifer M. , O'Hehir Robyn E. , Lopata Andreas L.
Published: January 2014

Scope

Prawn allergy is one of the leading causes of IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to food. Alterations of IgE‐antibody reactivity to prawn allergens due to thermal processing are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of heating on prawn allergens using a comprehensive allergenomic approach.

Methods and results

Proteins from raw and heat‐processed black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) extracts as well as recombinant tropomyosin (rPen m1) were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting using sera from 16 shellfish allergic patients. IgE antibody binding proteins were identified by advanced mass spectroscopy, characterized by molecular structure analysis and their IgE reactivity compared among the prepared black tiger prawn extracts. Heat processing enhanced the overall patient IgE binding to prawn extracts and increased recognition of a number of allergen variants and fragments of prawn allergens. Allergens identified were tropomyosin, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein, and putative novel allergens including triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and titin.

Conclusion

Seven allergenic proteins are present in prawns, which are mostly heat‐stable and form dimers or oligomers. Thermal treatment enhanced antibody reactivity to prawn allergens as well as fragments and should be considered in the diagnosis of prawn allergy and detection of crustacean allergens in processed food.
On random walks and entropy in diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies of neural tissue
Authors: Ingo Carson , Magin Richard L. , Colon‐Perez Luis , Triplett William , Mareci Thomas H.
Published: January 2014

Purpose

In diffusion‐weighted MRI studies of neural tissue, the classical model assumes the statistical mechanics of Brownian motion and predicts a monoexponential signal decay. However, there have been numerous reports of signal decays that are not monoexponential, particularly in the white matter.

Theory

We modeled diffusion in neural tissue from the perspective of the continuous time random walk. The characteristic diffusion decay is represented by the Mittag‐Leffler function, which relaxes a priori assumptions about the governing statistics. We then used entropy as a measure of the anomalous features for the characteristic function.

Methods

Diffusion‐weighted MRI experiments were performed on a fixed rat brain using an imaging spectrometer at 17.6 T with b‐values arrayed up to 25,000 s/mm2. Additionally, we examined the impact of varying either the gradient strength, q, or mixing time, Δ, on the observed diffusion dynamics.

Results

In white and gray matter regions, the Mittag‐Leffler and entropy parameters demonstrated new information regarding subdiffusion and produced different image contrast from that of the classical diffusion coefficient. The choice of weighting on q and Δ produced different image contrast within the regions of interest.

Conclusion

We propose these parameters have the potential as biomarkers for morphology in neural tissue. Magn Reson Med 71:617–627, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing a high‐risk neuroblastoma cohort using the pediatric health information system database
Authors: Desai Ami V. , Kavcic Marko , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Herbst Nicole , Fisher Brian T. , Seif Alix E , Li Yimei , Hennessy Sean , Aplenc Richard , Bagatell Rochelle
Published: January 2014

International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9) code(s) for neuroblastoma do not exist, preventing identification of these patients in administrative databases. To overcome this challenge, a three‐step algorithm, using ICD‐9 codes, exclusion criteria, and manual review of chemotherapy billing data, was utilized to assemble a high‐risk neuroblastoma cohort (n = 952) from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) Database and validated at a single institution [sensitivity 89.1%; positive predictive value (PPV) 96.1%]. This cohort provides a data source for future comparative effectiveness and clinical epidemiology studies in high‐risk neuroblastoma patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1129–1131. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparative quality assessment of textile composite using NDT and geometrical inspection techniques
Authors: Saboktakin A. , Vu‐Khanh T.
Published: January 2014

One of the major challenges in textile composites is the verification of their manufacturing quality, which has large influence on the mechanical properties. Quality assessment of these composites needs to have sufficient knowledge about the various types of nondestructive techniques and their inspection. The aim of this article is to evaluate the potential of three inspection techniques named ultrasounds, vibrations, dimensional measurement for detecting textile reinforcement defects in composites. The research work was focused on two types of defects, namely fiber/yarn breakage and ply misorientation, applied to woven textiles composite produced by vacuum assistant resin transfer molding. Fabric misorientation appeared to have an influence on the dynamic behavior of the textile composite samples. Potential solutions have also been identified to solve the issue of signal attenuation caused by the fabric observed during conventional and polar ultrasonic C‐scanning. A closer look at plates surface around eliminated unit cells by coordinate measuring machine at mesoscale did not appear any specific abnormality on due to artificially induced defect. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1818–1825, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of CTAB‐intercalated graphene/polyaniline nanocomposites via in situ oxidative polymerization
Authors: Liu Tiezhu , Liu Yushan , Yan Xiaoshe , Fan Yafei , Wang Pan , Cai Qiang , Zhang Jianmin
Published: January 2014

Polyaniline/graphene (PANI/GN) nanocomposites were fabricated via in‐situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified graphene (CGN) in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. The morphology and structure of PANI/GN samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet and visible spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, field‐emission scanning microscope (FE‐SEM), and transmitting electron microscopy (TEM). The conductivities of the PANI/GN nanocomposites were measured using four‐probe electrical conductivity measurement. The results indicated that the GN sheets disperse into the form of monolayer or stack few layers in PANI matrix. The GN sheets serve as a support material for PANI particles and the structure of GN covered with PANI nanoparticles were confirmed by FE‐SEM and TEM. The electrical conductivities of the PANI/GN samples have been improved compared with pure PANI prepared in the similar condition. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1767–1774, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dynamic mechanical properties, magnetic and electrical behavior of iron oxide/ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites
Authors: Ramesan M.T.
Published: January 2014

Nanocomposites of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) containing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared by open mill‐mixing technique. The effect of loading of IONPs in EVA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The FTIR spectra ascertain the intermolecular interaction between the polymer and IONPs. TEM and XRD studies revealed the structurally ordered arrangement of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. DMA showed an increase in storage modulus and lesser damping characteristics of composite with the increase in loading of nanoparticles, whereas these properties decreased significantly with increase in temperature. The glass transition temperature shifted toward higher temperature with the increase in content of IONPs. Magnetic properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. The saturation of magnetization was progressively increased with the increase in content of nanoparticles. The electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of the composite were found to be increased with the increase in volume fraction of nanoparticles. The polymer–filler interaction was also determined from the swelling studies. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1989–1996, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical properties of (surface‐modified potassium polytitanate small additives)/epoxy composite materials
Authors: Burmistrov I.N. , Shatrova N.V. , Mostovoy A.S. , Mazov I.N. , Kuznetsov D.V. , Panova L.G. , Gorokhovsky A.V. , Yudin A.G.
Published: January 2014

The article presents research on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin modified with potassium polytitanate small additives. The influence of the surface modification of potassium polytitanate particles on their properties and interaction with epoxy resins and the mechanical properties of the resulting composite were investigated. The interactions among the dressing additives, binders and fillers were determined. The study shows the dependence of properties of composite materials on the content of dressing additives and method of filling with potassium polytitanate. This study also highlights possible reasons for variation in the mechanical properties of epoxy resin filled with potassium polytitanate particles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2866–2871, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Management of Extravasation Injuries: A Focused Evaluation of Noncytotoxic Medications
Authors: Reynolds Paul M. , MacLaren Robert , Mueller Scott W. , Fish Douglas N. , Kiser Tyree H.
Published: January 2014

Extravasations are common manifestations of iatrogenic injury that occur in patients requiring intravenous delivery of known vesicants. These injuries can contribute substantially to patient morbidity, cost of therapy, and length of stay. Many different mechanisms are behind the tissue damage during extravasation injuries. In general, extravasations consist of four different subtypes of tissue injury: vasoconstriction, osmotic, pH related, and cytotoxic. Recognition of high‐risk patients, appropriate cannulation technique, and monitoring of higher risk materials remain the standard of care for the prevention of extravasation injury. Prompt interdisciplinary action is often necessary for the treatment of extravasation injuries. Knowledge of the mechanism of extravasation‐induced tissue injury, agents for reversal, and appropriate nonpharmacologic treatment methods is essential. The best therapeutic agent for treatment of vasopressor extravasation is intradermal phentolamine. Topical vasodilators and intradermal terbutaline may provide relief. Intradermal hyaluronidase has been effective for hyperosmotic extravasations, although its use largely depends on the risk of tissue injury and the severity of extravasation. Among the hyperosmotic agents, calcium extravasation is distinctive because it may present as an acute tissue injury or may possess delayed clinical manifestations. Extravasation of acidic or basic materials can produce significant tissue damage. Phenytoin is the prototypical basic drug that causes a clinical manifestation known as purple glove syndrome (PGS). This syndrome is largely managed through preventive and conservative treatment measures. Promethazine is acidic and can cause a devastating extravasation, particularly if administered inadvertently through the arteriolar route. Systemic heparin therapy remains the accepted treatment option for intraarteriolar administration of promethazine. Overall, the evidence for managing extravasations due to noncytotoxic medications is nonexistent or limited to case reports. More research is needed to improve knowledge of patient risk, prompt recognition of the extravasation, and time course for tissue injury, and to develop prevention and treatment strategies for extravasation injuries.
The influence of structured interfacial water on the photoluminescence of carboxyester‐terminated oligo‐p‐phenylene ethynylenes
Authors: Hill Eric H. , Evans Deborah G. , Whitten David G.
Published: January 2014

Oligo‐p‐phenylene ethynylenes have been shown to be useful for their sensing and biocidal capabilities. In this study, we examine the influence of interfacial water on the photophysical properties of a carboxyester‐substituted compound in this class through analysis of the aggregation with ionic surfactants, solvent isotope effects, and classical molecular dynamics simulations. The results of this study reveal that the presence of carboxyester groups leads to highly structured interfacial water and results in quenched fluorescence. In addition, the results indicate that hydrogen bonding is essential for aggregate formation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deposition and XPS and FTIR Analysis of Plasma Polymer Coatings Containing Phosphorus
Authors: Siow Kim S. , Britcher Leanne , Kumar Sunil , Griesser Hans J.
Published: January 2014

Phosphate groups are part of biological molecules involved in bio‐interfacial phenomena but monomers containing these groups are not volatile enough to be plasma polymerized (pp). Hence monomers with lower oxidation states of P are needed which then does not enable prediction of the oxidation state(s) of P in the pps, nor of possible aging effects. XPS and FTIR analyses of pps from triisopropyl phosphite (TIP) and diethyl phosphite (DEP) reveal the presence of phosphate and polyphosphate groups, while phosphonate and phosphate are found in pps of co‐polymerized 1,7‐octadiene and TIP. Post‐plasma aging and electrical biasing have negligible effects on the oxidation state of P in TIP pps.
Asthma and cystic fibrosis: A tangled web
Authors: Kent Brian D. , Lane Stephen J. , van Beek Edwin J. , Dodd Jonathan D. , Costello Richard W. , Tiddens Harm A.W.M.
Published: January 2014

Successfully diagnosing concomitant asthma in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenging proposition, and the utility of conventional diagnostic criteria of asthma in CF populations remains uncertain. Nonetheless, the accurate identification of individuals with CF and asthma allows appropriate tailoring of therapy, and should reduce the unnecessary use of asthma medication in broader CF cohorts. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic challenge posed by asthma in CF, both in terms of clinical evaluation, and of interpretation of pulmonary function testing and non‐invasive markers of airway inflammation. We also examine how the role of cross‐sectional thoracic imaging in CF and asthma can assist in the diagnosis of asthma in these patients. Finally, we critically appraise the evidence base behind the use of asthma medications in CF populations, with a particular focus on the use of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. As shall be discussed, the gaps in the current literature make further high‐quality research in this field imperative. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:205–213. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taxonomy for software teamwork measurement
Authors: Robillard Pierre N. , Lavallée Mathieu , Ton‐That Yvan , Chiocchio François
Published: January 2014

Despite the fact that software is mostly a team endeavor, the software engineering (SE) literature has not tapped into organizational psychology's conceptual and empirical writings on teams. This paper presents a model of team dynamics adapted to the specificities of SE project teams. The taxonomy is composed of nine episodes that are likely to be found in any software team process. Each episode is described in terms of the input‐process‐output cycle and illustrated with examples. The measurability of the episodes is validated on a capstone student project carried out with an industrial partner. The team activities are recorded by each developer, throughout the project's duration, in the form of work tokens. These work tokens are then associated with episodes by two independent coders. The results show that all the episodes of the proposed taxonomy are measurable, and very few (less than 5% in this field study) remain ambiguous. Most of the ambiguities arise from short episodes that alternate during team process activities. This paper's contribution to software team process research is to synthesize the team literature and draw up a theoretically driven taxonomy of team dynamics specific to SE teams and to provide initial evidence of measurability of the taxonomy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3‐dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) on cytokines expression in cadmium chloride treated human lung cells
Authors: Odewumi Caroline O. , Fils‐Aime Shiela , Badisa Veera L. D. , Latinwo Lekan M. , Ruden Michael L. , Ikediobi Christopher , Badisa Ramesh B.
Published: January 2014

Cadmium is commercially profitable element, but it causes toxicity in humans and animals leading to diseases in various organs. The main route of cadmium exposure to humans is through inhalation. Lungs respond to insult through secretion of cytokines. In this study, the chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3‐dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) was evaluated on viability and cytokines expression in CdCl2 treated human lung A549 cells by cytokine array. Cells were treated with 0, 50, 75, and 100 µM CdCl2 alone, 300 µM MiADMS alone, and co‐treated with 300 µM MiADMS and 75 µM CdCl2 for 24 h. The viability was measured by crystal violet dye. The level of cytokines in the cells' lysate and cell culture medium was measured using Ray Biotech's Human Cytokine Array 6 in control cells, 75 µM CdCl2 alone and MiADMS co‐treated cells. Array results were validated by ELISA kit. The CdCl2 caused a dose dependent decrease in cell viability, while MiADMS co‐treatment resulted in a significant increase in viability of CdCl2 treated cells. Morphology of the cells treated with CdCl2 was destroyed, while MiADMS restored the lost shape in CdCl2 treated cells. In addition, the cells co‐treated with MiADMS and CdCl2 showed modulation of cytokines expression in comparison to the CdCl2 alone treated cells. The ELISA results showed the similar pattern of cytokine expression as Human Cytokine Array and validated the array results. These results clearly show the chemoprotective effect of MiADMS and suggest that MiADMS can be used as antidote at moderate dose against CdCl2 toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 704–711, 2015.
Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome sequencing characterizes sequence variants and mRNA–microRNA regulatory network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma model systems
Authors: Szeto Carol Ying-Ying , Lin Chi Ho , Choi Siu Chung , Yip Timothy T.C. , Ngan Roger Kai-Cheong , Tsao George Sai-Wah , Li Lung Maria
Published: January 2014

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in Southeast Asia among the Chinese population. Aberrant regulation of transcripts has been implicated in many types of cancers including NPC. Herein, we characterized mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes by RNA sequencing (RNASeq) of NPC model systems. Matched total mRNA and small RNA of undifferentiated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive NPC xenograft X666 and its derived cell line C666, well‐differentiated NPC cell line HK1, and the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP460 were sequenced by Solexa technology. We found 2812 genes and 149 miRNAs (human and EBV) to be differentially expressed in NP460, HK1, C666 and X666 with RNASeq; 533 miRNA–mRNA target pairs were inversely regulated in the three NPC cell lines compared to NP460. Integrated mRNA/miRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis show extracellular matrix organization, Beta‐1 integrin cell surface interactions, and the PI3K/AKT, EGFR, ErbB, and Wnt pathways were potentially deregulated in NPC. Real‐time quantitative PCR was performed on selected mRNA/miRNAs in order to validate their expression. Transcript sequence variants such as short insertions and deletions (INDEL), single nucleotide variant (SNV), and isomiRs were characterized in the NPC model systems. A novel TP53 transcript variant was identified in NP460, HK1, and C666. Detection of three previously reported novel EBV‐encoded BART miRNAs and their isomiRs were also observed. Meta‐analysis of a model system to a clinical system aids the choice of different cell lines in NPC studies. This comprehensive characterization of mRNA and miRNA transcriptomes in NPC cell lines and the xenograft provides insights on miRNA regulation of mRNA and valuable resources on transcript variation and regulation in NPC, which are potentially useful for mechanistic and preclinical studies.
Cognitive performance and convulsion risk after experimentally‐induced febrile‐seizures in rat
Authors: Rajab Ebrahim , Abdeen Zahra , Hassan Zuhair , Alsaffar Yousif , Mandeel Mohammad , Shawaaf Fatima Al , Al‐Ansari Sali , Kamal Amer
Published: January 2014

Many reports indicated that small percentage of children with febrile seizures develop epilepsy and cognitive disorders later in adulthood. In addition, the neuronal network of the hippocampus was reported to be deranged in adult animals after being exposed to hyperthermia‐induced seizures in their neonatal life. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) latency and probability of seizures, (2) spatial learning and memory, in adult rats after neonatal hyperthermia‐induced febrile seizures (FS). Prolonged FS were elicited in 10‐day old, male Sprague Dawleys (n = 11/group) by exposure to heated air (48–52 °C) for 30 min; control rats were exposed to 30 °C air. After 1.5 months the animal's cognitive performance was assessed by 5 day trial in the Morris water maze. In another experiment the latency and probability of seizures were measured in response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injections (increased doses ranged from 7 to 140 mg/kg; i.p.). In water maze, both groups showed improvements in escape latency and distance swam to reach the platform; effects were significantly greater in control versus hyperthermia‐treated animals on days 3 and 4. Latency and probability of PTZ‐induced seizures were shorter and higher respectively, in hyperthermia‐treated animals compared to controls. We concluded that FS in neonatal rats leads to enhanced susceptibility for seizures, as well as cognitive deficits in adults.
Frequency-encoded laser-induced fluorescence for multiplexed detection in infrared-mediated quantitative PCR
Authors: Schrell Adrian M. , Roper Michael G.
Published: January 2014

Frequency-encoded fluorescence detection was used for multicolor IR-qPCR reducing the number of optics required and background from the IR lamp.
Observations on transition metal free biaryl coupling: potassium tert-butoxide alone promotes the reaction without diamine or phenanthroline catalysts
Authors: Cuthbertson J. , Gray V. J. , Wilden Jonathan D.
Published: January 2014

Biaryl coupling of unactivated aromatic systems can be achieved by potassium tert-butoxide alone in the absence of any amine or bipyridine catalyst (1,10-phenanthroline or N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine being the most common).
Novel bimetallic core–shell nanocrystal–clay composites with superior catalytic activities
Authors: Varade Dharmesh , Haraguchi Kazutoshi
Published: January 2014

Novel synthesis of core–shell nanocrystal–clay composite materials with promising multifunctionalities, high stability, and large BET surface areas in single-component materials.
Simple sulfur–olefins as new promising chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Li Yi , Xu Ming-Hua
Published: January 2014

Recent progress on exploring sulfur-containing hybrid olefins as new elegant ligands for enantioselective catalytic processes is surveyed.
Biferrocenium salts with magnetite-like mixed-valence iron: coexistence of Fe3+ and Fe2.5+ in the crystal
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki , Nagabuchi Eri , Takahashi Masashi , Mori Hatsumi
Published: January 2014

[Bis(isopropylthio)biferrocene]2[Ni(mnt)2]3 contains a biferrocenium monocation and dication within the same crystal; the coexistence of Fe3+ and Fe2.5+ was revealed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Protein conformation as a regulator of cell–matrix adhesion
Authors: Hytönen Vesa P. , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard
Published: January 2014

Conformational changes within proteins play key roles in the regulation of cell–matrix adhesion. We discuss the mechanisms involved in conformational regulation, including mechanical signals, posttranslational modifications and intrinsically disordered proteins.
Computational modeling of single- versus double-anchoring modes in di-branched organic sensitizers on TiO2 surfaces: structural and electronic properties
Authors: Calbo Joaquín , Pastore Mariachiara , Mosconi Edoardo , Ortí Enrique , De Angelis Filippo
Published: January 2014

DFT calculations support the doubly anchored monodentate adsorption of a di-branched exTTF-based organic sensitizer onto titania and demonstrate its beneficial electronic effects for DSCs.
Simultaneous tetralin HDA and dibenzothiophene HDS reactions on NiMo bulk sulphide catalysts obtained from mixed oxides
Authors: Licea Yordy E. , Amaya Sandra L. , Echavarría Adriana , Bettini Jefferson , Eon Jean G. , Palacio Luz A. , Faro Arnaldo C.
Published: January 2014

Large selectivity differences were found between supported and unsupported NiMoS catalysts in dibenzothiophene HDS and tetralin HDA.
Highly efficient solid catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation fabricated via facile adsorption of Rh–MonoPhos on porous silicas
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Xiao , Peng Juan , Zhao Yaopeng , Yang Qihua
Published: January 2014

Via a facile adsorption strategy, highly efficient solid catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of itaconic acid dimethyl ester were fabricated.
CO2 selective 1D double chain dipyridyl-porphyrin based porous coordination polymers
Authors: Kim Hyun-Chul , Lee Young Sun , Huh Seong , Lee Suk Joong , Kim Youngmee
Published: January 2014

Two CO2 selective 1D double chain dipyridyl-porphyrin-based porous coordination polymers, Co3(DPyP)3·4DMF (I) and Zn3(DPyP)3·2DMF·4H2O (II) are prepared from thermal reactions of MnCl(DPyP) with CoII and ZnII ions in DMF.
α-Radiolysis of ionic liquid irradiated with helium ion beam and the influence of radiolytic products on Dy3+extraction
Authors: Ao Yinyong , Zhou Hanyang , Yuan Weijin , Wang Shuojue , Peng Jing , Zhai Maolin , Wang Jianyong , Zhao Ziqiang , Zhao Long , Wei Yuezhou
Published: January 2014

Helium ion beam produced by a heavy ion linear accelerator was used to simulate α-rays for studying the radiation effect on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid.
Use of dust fall filters as passive samplers for metal concentrations in air for communities near contaminated mine tailings
Authors: Beamer P. I. , Sugeng A. J. , Kelly M. D. , Lothrop N. , Klimecki W. , Wilkinson S. T. , Loh M.
Published: January 2014

This study evaluates these dust fall filters as a simple low cost technique for measuring residential exposures near mining sites.
Phytochemistry and biological activity of Spanish Citrus fruits
Authors: Gironés-Vilaplana Amadeo , Moreno Diego A. , García-Viguera Cristina
Published: January 2014

Grapefruit, lemon and lime displayed high antioxidant capacity and interesting inhibitory activity on glucosidase and lipase which is of interest for nutrition and health.
Acoustic focusing with engineered node locations for high-performance microfluidic particle separation
Authors: Fong Erika J. , Johnston Amanda C. , Notton Timothy , Jung Seung-Yong , Rose Klint A. , Weinberger Leor S. , Shusteff Maxim
Published: January 2014

We present a new approach to acoustofluidic device design with a secondary channel separated from the main channel by a thin wall. This allows off-center placement of acoustic nodes, which enables high-efficiency and high-throughput separation of cell-scale objects.