bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUST COAGULATION IN THE VICINITY OF A GAP-OPENING JUPITER-MASS PLANET
Authors: Carballido Augusto , Matthews Lorin S. , Hyde Truell W.
Published: May 2016

We analyze the coagulation of dust in and around a gap opened by a Jupiter-mass planet. To this end, we carry out a high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the gap environment, which is turbulent due to the magnetorotational instability. From the MHD simulation, we obtain values of the gas velocities, densities, and turbulent stresses (a) close to the gap edge, (b) in one of the two gas streams that accrete onto the planet, (c) inside the low-density gap, and (d) outside the gap. The MHD values are then input into a Monte Carlo dust-coagulation algorithm which models grain sticking and compaction. We also introduce a simple implementation for bouncing, for comparison purposes. We consider two dust populations for each region: one whose initial size distribution is monodisperse, with monomer radius equal to 1 μm, and another one whose initial size distribution follows the Mathis–Rumpl–Nordsieck distribution for interstellar dust grains, with an initial range of monomer radii between 0.5 and 10 μm. Without bouncing, our Monte Carlo calculations show steady growth of dust aggregates in all regions, and the mass-weighted (m-w) average porosity of the initially monodisperse population reaches extremely high final values of 98%. The final m-w porosities in all other cases without bouncing range between 30% and 82%. The efficiency of compaction is due to high turbulent relative speeds between dust particles. When bouncing is introduced, growth is slowed down in the planetary wake and inside the gap. Future studies will need to explore the effect of different planet masses and electric charge on grains.
THE DENSE GAS IN THE LARGEST MOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF THE ANTENNAE: HCN AND HCO+ OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 4038/39 USING ALMA
Authors: Schirm Maximilien R. P. , Wilson Christine D. , Madden Suzanne C. , Clements Dave L.
Published: May 2016

We present observations of the dense molecular gas tracers

,

, and

in the

transition using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We supplement our data sets with previous observations of

, which trace the total molecular gas content. We separate the Antennae into seven bright regions in which we detect emission from all three molecules, including the nuclei of NGC 4038 and NGC 4039, five super giant molecular complexes in the overlap region, and two additional bright clouds. We find that the ratio of

, which traces the dense molecular gas fraction, is greater in the two nuclei (

) than in the overlap region (

). We attribute this to an increase in pressure due to the stellar potential within the nuclei; a similar effect to what has been seen previously in the Milky Way and nearby spiral galaxies. Furthermore, the ratio of

does not vary by more than a factor of 1.5 between regions. By comparing our measured ratios to photon dominated region (PDR) models including mechanical heating, we find that the ratio of

is consistent with mechanical heating contributing ≳5%–10% of the PDR surface heating to the total heating budget. Finally, the ratio of

varies from ∼1 in the nucleus of NGC 4038 down to ∼0.5 in the overlap region. The lower ratio in the overlap region may be due to an increase in the cosmic ray rate from the increased supernova rate within this region.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND PRODUCTION FROM HOT ACCRETION FLOWS AROUND BLACK HOLES AT VERY LARGE RADII
Authors: Bu De-Fu , Yuan Feng , Gan Zhao-Ming , Yang Xiao-Hong
Published: May 2016

Numerical simulations of hot accretion flows around black holes have shown the existence of strong wind. Those works focused only on the region close to the black hole and thus it is unknown whether or where the wind production stops at large radii. To address this question, we have recently performed hydrodynamic (HD) simulations by taking into account the gravitational potential of both the black hole and the nuclear star cluster. The latter is assumed to be proportional to

, with σ being the velocity dispersion of stars and r the distance from the center of the galaxy. It was found that when the gravity is dominated by nuclear stars, i.e., outside a radius

, winds can no longer be produced. That work, however, neglects the magnetic field, which is believed to play a crucial dynamical role in the accretion and thus must be taken into account. In this paper, we revisit this problem by performing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We confirm the result of our previous paper, namely that wind cannot be produced in the region

. Our result, combined with recent results of Yuan et al., indicates that the formula describing the mass flux of wind,

, can only be applied to the region where the black hole potential is dominant. Here

is the mass accretion rate at the black hole horizon and the value of R

A
is similar to the Bondi radius.
Révolte et requête. Les gens de métiers et les conflits sociaux dans les villes de Flandre ( xiii e - xv e siècle
Authors: Haemers Jelle
Published: May 2016

L’étude présentée ici montre que, avant tout, c’est par la requête et le dialogue politique que les gens de métiers des villes du comté de Flandre au bas Moyen Âge ont proposé des transformations concrètes de l’administration urbaine, et moins par la violence. Le but « commun » des rebelles était la modification d’une certaine situation sociale, économique ou administrative, vécue comme injuste – ce qui explique l’intensité de la lutte parfois acharnée dans laquelle ils se sont engagés. Cette étude suggère que l’usage de la violence ne paraît que comme deuxième ou ultime option pour les chefs des corps de métiers après l’usage des rituels de mobilisation, tandis que les manouvriers et les compagnons étaient plus enclins à recourir à la force. Cette hypothèse, à vérifier par d’autres études, pourrait expliquer pourquoi le dialogue et la violence sont des éléments essentiels et presque indissociables dans les révoltes urbaines au bas Moyen Âge. Par conséquent, cette étude montre que, si les historiens veulent vraiment comprendre les révoltes urbaines, mieux vaut étudier les traces d’encre que les rebelles ont laissées dans les archives, que celles du sang qu’on retrouve dans les récits de l’époque.
Summative Simulated-Based Assessment in Nursing Programs
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Kardong-Edgren Suzan , Rizzolo Mary Anne
Published: May 2016

Background:

Summative simulated-based assessments are intended to determine students' competence in practice. These assessments need to be carefully designed and implemented especially when the results are used to make high-stakes decisions.

Method:

Critical steps need to be followed to design simulations for summative assessment, ensure the validity of the assessment and reliability of the ratings, and train evaluators.

Results:

Guidelines for using simulation for assessment in nursing are suggested. The guidelines are based on the literature and the authors' experiences from a project that examined the feasibility of using simulation for determining students' competence in performance at the end of the nursing program.

Conclusion:

Summative simulation-based assessments need to be valid, measuring the knowledge and skills they are intended to, and reliable, with results being reproduced by different evaluators and by the same evaluator at another time. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):323–328.]
Evaluation Criteria for Nursing Student Application of Evidence-Based Practice: A Delphi Study
Authors: Bostwick Lina , Linden Lois
Published: May 2016

Background:

Core clinical evaluation criteria do not exist for measuring prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students' application of evidence-based practice (EBP) during direct care assignments. The study objective was to achieve consensus among EBP nursing experts to create clinical criteria for faculty to use in evaluating students' application of EBP principles.

Method:

A three-round Delphi method was used. Experts were invited to participate in Web-based surveys. Data were analyzed using qualitative coding and categorizing. Quantitative analyses were descriptive calculations for rating and ranking.

Results:

Expert consensus occurred in the Delphi rounds. The study provides a set of 10 core clinical evaluation criteria for faculty evaluating students' progression toward competency in their application of EBP.

Conclusion:

A baccalaureate program curriculum requiring the use of Bostwick's EBP Core Clinical Evaluation Criteria will provide a clear definition for understanding basic core EBP competence as expected for the assessment of student learning. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(5):336–341.]
The Impact of the Transition to an Electronic Medical Record on Patient Perceptions in a Pediatric Ophthalmology Practice
Authors: Cavuoto Kara M. , Monsalve Pedro , Chang Ta C.
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To assess the impact of the transition from traditional paper-based medical records to electronic medical records in a pediatric ophthalmology practice at a tertiary care center.

Methods:

A prospective, cross-sectional survey was completed at three time points: 2 weeks prior to (phase 1), 2 weeks after (phase 2), and 3 months after (phase 3) the electronic medical record transition. The survey consisted of 10 Likert-type scaled questions assessing patient satisfaction and two free response questions estimating the wait time, which was completed by patients or parents/guardians whose child/children (younger than 18 years) had an appointment in the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus clinic. Satisfaction scores and waiting times were compared within each phase and across phases and between different appointment types.

Results:

A total of 382 surveys were collected: 158 from phase 1, 68 from phase 2, and 156 from phase 3. Overall, patient satisfaction was high at all three time points. Patients' estimates of waiting time compared to actual waiting time were not significantly different at any phase; however, patients' estimates of time spent with the physician were significantly underestimated in phase 1 (20 vs 25 minutes,
P
= .04) and were correct or overestimated in phase 3.

Conclusions:

Patients were satisfied with the service regardless of the use of paper charts or electronic medical records. The electronic medical record system does not seem to improve patients' waiting time, but has a significant impact on the perception of time spent with the physician.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):173–178.]
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography of the Horizontal and Vertical Extraocular Muscles With Measurement of the Insertion to Limbus Distance
Authors: Pihlblad Matthew S. , Erenler Feyza , Sharma Aman , Manchandia Ajay , Reynolds James D.
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To assess the possibility of determining the insertion distance from the limbus of horizontal and vertical extraocular rectus muscles with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:

The right eyes of 46 patients underwent AS-OCT. The horizontal and vertical extraocular rectus muscle insertion distances from the limbus were measured in a masked fashion by two pediatric ophthalmologists.

Results:

Forty-two lateral rectus, 43 medial rectus, 35 inferior rectus, and 40 superior rectus muscles of the right eyes of 46 patients were included. Insertion to limbus measurements (mean ± SD) were as follows: lateral rectus = mean 6.8 ± 0.7 mm, range = 4.8 to 8.4 mm; medial rectus = mean 5.7 ± 0.8 mm, range = 4.3 to 7.8 mm; inferior rectus = mean 6.0 ± 0.6 mm, range = 4.8 to 7.0 mm; superior rectus = mean 6.8 ± 0.6 mm, range = 5.5 to 8.1 mm. The intraobserver and interobserver correlation coefficients for the insertion to limbus measurements of all four rectus muscles exceeded 0.75 (excellent correlation).

Conclusions:

The study showed that AS-OCT is capable of imaging all four of the rectus muscle insertions and measuring the insertion to limbus distance, and is the second AS-OCT study to image the superior and inferior rectus muscle insertions. The insertion to limbus measurements between examiners and on repeat measurements were consistent and reproducible. The ability to accurately image extraocular rectus muscle insertions may have future implications for the preoperative procedure planning in patients who have had previous surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):141–145.]
Prospective Evaluation of Photoscreeners in the Pseudophakic Eyes of Children
Authors: Trivedi Rupal H. , Wilson M. Edward , Peterseim Mae Millicent W. , Papa Carrie , Husain Mahvash
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To compare refractive data of Plusoptix AO9 (Plusoptix, Inc., Atlanta, GA) and Spot (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) photoscreeners with retinoscopy in pseudophakic eyes of children.

Methods:

In this prospective study, patients underwent testing with the Plusoptix and Spot photoscreeners prior to their examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist masked to the results of both photoscreeners. Data including testability and estimated refractions were entered into a Research Electronic Data Capture database for statistical analysis. For bilateral pseudophakia, one randomly selected eye was included in the analysis.

Results:

Forty-four eyes were included, with a mean age of 7.4 ± 4.8 years. Refraction was estimated in all eyes using retinoscopy, but a refractive estimate was obtained in only 11.3% (5 of 44) of eyes using the Plusoptix binocularly and 63.6% (28 of 44) of eyes using the Spot. Compared to retinoscopy, the Plusoptix showed a mean difference of −0.80, 0.10, and −0.75 diopters (D) for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent, respectively (
P
> .05). Comparable values for the Spot were 0.18, −0.26, and 0.05 D, respectively (
P
> .05). Compared to retinoscopy, the Plusoptix showed a mean absolute difference of 1.30, 0.80, and 1.25 D for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent, respectively (
P
> .05). Similar values for the Spot were 1.38, 0.88, and 0.97 D, respectively (
P
> .05).

Conclusions:

Refraction was estimated in a higher number of pseudophakic eyes of children using the Spot as compared to the Plusoptix. The Spot may be useful to evaluate myopic shift in pseudophakic eyes of children.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(3):146–149.]
CALIMACO: desarrollo de un servicio de bibliotecario virtual para la interacción multimodal con dispositivos móviles
Authors: Griol David , Patricio Miguel Ángel , Molina José Manuel
Published: May 2016

Los dispositivos móviles inteligentes han fomentado en los últimos años nuevos escenarios de interacción que requieren interfaces persona-máquina más sofisticados. Los principales desarrolladores de sistemas operativos para estos dispositivos proporcionan actualmente APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) para que los desarrolladores puedan implementar sus propias aplicaciones, incluyendo diferentes soluciones para el desarrollo de interfaces gráficas, el control de sensores y proveer interacción oral. A pesar de la utilidad de este tipo de recursos, no se han definido aún estrategias para desarrollar interfaces multimodales que aprovechen las posibilidades que ofrecen estos dispositivos para identificar y adaptarse a las necesidades de los usuarios. De este modo, las aplicaciones suelen desarrollarse ad-hoc y la interfaz oral posibilita únicamente la comunicación mediante comandos simples. En este artículo proponemos la aplicación práctica de agentes conversacionales multimodales sensibles al contexto para proporcionar servicios bibliotecarios avanzados que incorporen dinámicamente necesidades específicas del usuario y sus preferencias, así como las características específicas del entorno en el que se produce interacción, con el fin de mejorar y personalizar el servicio que se proporciona mediante un dispositivo móvil con acceso a Internet. Nuestra propuesta integra funcionalidades de APIs de Android en una arquitectura modular que enfatiza la gestión de la interacción y la sensibilidad al contexto para crear aplicaciones robustas, de fácil actualización y adaptadas al usuario.
Factores de éxito en tutoriales en línea de competencias informacionales. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Fernández-Ramos Andrés
Published: May 2016

La formación de competencias informacionales mediante tutoriales en línea es una práctica cada vez más frecuente en bibliotecas universitarias. En este trabajo se revisa la literatura científica con el fin de detectar los factores que condicionan el éxito de estos tutoriales, desde el punto de vista de los procesos a seguir en su desarrollo y de las características que deben tener. Para ello se analizan las propuestas de carácter teórico y tres tipos de estudios de carácter práctico: los que recogen opiniones de los usuarios, evaluaciones de tutoriales concretos en los que se expliciten los factores que hayan influido en los resultados y comparaciones de tutoriales con características diferentes. Se observa que, aunque la literatura identifica numerosos factores, solo unos pocos, como la brevedad, la inclusión de actividades prácticas, la relación con el currículum, la facilidad de uso o la colaboración con profesores, se mencionan de forma recurrente.
Natural Computing in Mobile Network Optimization
Authors: Mukherjee Anwesha , Deb Priti , De Debashis
Published: May 2016

Nature inspired computing has been widely used to solve various research challenges of mobile network. Mobile network refers to mobile network, sensor network and ad hoc network. This chapter has focused on the application of nature inspired computing in mobile network. In this chapter, the bio-inspired techniques for wireless sensor network, mobile ad hoc network and mobile cloud computing are discussed. Ant colony optimization is used in sensor network and mobile cloud computing for efficient routing and scheduling respectively. Bee swarm intelligence is used to develop routing schemes for mobile ad hoc network. Bird flocking behavior is used for congestion control in wireless sensor network. The research challenges of bio-inspired mobile network are also illustrated.
Hepatitis B co-infection in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the TC Newman Anti Retroviral Treatment Clinic in Paarl, Western Cape
Authors: King Jeanmari , Hagemeister Dirk T.
Published: May 2016

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in South Africa is estimated to be between 5% and 23%; however, only limited evidence is available. Co-infection increases the risk of chronification of HBV, liver cirrhosis and death.Objective: To assess the HBV and/or HIV co-infection rate amongst the adult antiretroviral treatment cohort at the TC Newman ART Clinic in Paarl, Western Cape.Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, the routine hepatitis B surface antigen screening results for all adult HIV patients who were started on antiretroviral treatment over a period of 19 months were collected and analysed for gender, CD4 count and age.Results: Amongst the 498 participants (60% female participants), the Hepatitis B surface Antigen positivity rate was 7.6%. Male gender, age between 50 and 59 years and a low CD4 count were correlated with higher rates.Conclusion: Useful insight could be obtained by analysing routine data. The prevalence of almost 8% confirms the need for testing of HIV-positive patients for hepatitis B.Keywords: hepatitis B; prevalence; HIV-infected; adults; co-infection
Antecedents of perceived graduate employability: A study of student volunteers in a community-based organisation
Authors: Goodman Suki , Tredway Ginny
Published: May 2016

Orientation: There is growing interest in understanding the factors that contribute to graduates’ employability, but limited local knowledge. International research has pointed at volunteering as one avenue for enhancing employability, and this study presents results that looked at volunteering in the context of employability in a South African sample.Research purpose: This study aimed at investigating motivations to volunteer, perceived graduate competencies, extent of participating in volunteering, along with gender and faculty of registration, as antecedents of perceived graduate employability among student volunteers and to compare the relative contributions of these antecedences in predicting perceived employability.Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional research design and a quantitative data collection method were used. The relative weights analysis was conducted to answer the research question.Main findings: Overall, the results demonstrated, firstly, that different sets of predictors statistically significantly predict Perceived External Employability and Perceived Internal Employability, respectively. In the case of Perceived External Employability, a biographical predictor (faculty of registration) is the strongest predictor, whereas in the case of Internal Employability, a questionnaire measurement (of Social Motivation) comes out on top.Practical implications/managerial implications: The social motivation factor as a predictor of perceived internal employability suggests that the more students valued the social interactions brought about by their volunteering activities, the better they saw themselves equipped for employment. This gives some weight to the argument that engaging in volunteer activities can help equip students with competencies that make them more prepared for the world of work.Contribution/value-add: The study provided support for the construct validity of the scale for the measurement of perceived employability and evidence that different sets of predictors contribute to perceived internal and external employability.
Rather Spirit-filled than learned! Pentecostalism's tradition of anti-intellectualism and Pentecostal theological scholarship
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: May 2016

The beginnings and first half-century of South African Pentecostalism are characterised by a tradition of anti-intellectualism consisting of a rejection of theological training, a critical and negative attitude towards theologians, and criticism of the academic world in general. This led to Pentecostals being seen as outsiders without a theological tradition or any contribution to be made to the theological world, or even any interest in developing and formulating a theological structure that can compare or contrast with other theological structures. The historical phenomenon of anti-intellectualism is described in terms of its complicated motivation and nature before the rise of Pentecostal theological scholarship is investigated in terms of its historical development and nature. The article closes with some remarks about the future of Pentecostal theological scholarship.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article reflects a historical survey of attitudes within the South African Pentecostal churches towards academic endeavours and theological reflection, showing how it changed from anti-intellectualism toward a more positive attitude with certain reservations and allowing for the development of Pentecostal scholarship. For historical reasons South African tertiary education has been closed for Pentecostal scholarship, although the situation will be changing in the near future because of the Pentecostal influence.Keywords: Anti-intellectualism; Pentecostalism; scholarship; theological training
La dinamización en el ámbito turístico mediante la puesta en valor de los Bienes de Interés Cultural Inmaterial
Authors: Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: May 2016

En el presente trabajo se pretende reflexionar sobre las relaciones entre el patrimonio y el turismo a través de la declaración de protección de los bienes como Bien de Interés Cultural Inmaterial. La Ley 4/1998, de 11 de junio, del Patrimonio Cultural de la Comunidad Valenciana, modificada en 2004 y 2007 contempla la declaración de determinados bienes representativos de las formas de vida y cultura tradicional valenciana, así como las expresiones de las tradiciones del pueblo en su manifestación musical, artísticas, gastronómicas y de ocio, y en especial aquellas que han sido objeto de transmisión oral y las que mantienen y potencian el uso del valenciano. Es por ello que la declaración como BIC inmaterial ha contemplado muchas de las festividades más conocidas de nuestra Comunitat Valenciana, tales como las Hogueras de San Juan, las Fallas, la Cabalgata de los Reyes Magos de Alcoy, incrementando las visitas turísticas tras su declaración con la máxima protección. Analizaremos, pues, algunos de ellos y su relación con la actividad turística, al ser un elemento esencial para la dinamización del territorio.
Bienes Culturales, Museos y Turismo: Análisis del factor público en el Museo de Cáceres (España)
Authors: Marcos Arévalo Javier , Mendes Analia Verónica
Published: May 2016

El presente trabajo expone el análisis provisional de los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento, en el marco de la investigación en curso del Trabajo de Fin de Máster correspondiente al Máster en Antropología Social de la Universidad de Extremadura titulado “Análisis del factor público en el Museo de Cáceres”. La investigación pretende establecer el perfil de los visitantes del Museo de Cáceres, así como conocer las percepciones, representaciones y la vinculación que los vecinos-residentes tienen con dicha institución, contribuyendo con dicha información a la planificación de actividades y generar lazos entre el museo y su público. Para ello se han utilizado técnicas de recolección de datos propias de la antropología como la observación participante y encuestas, en esta primera instancia, y entrevistas en profundidad en la etapa posterior.
Buchner Bründler: el hormigón hecho atmósfera
Authors: Vidal Marisol
Published: May 2016

La obra de Buchner Bründler se caracteriza por gestos claros y sencillos que derivan en espacios audaces, a menudo sorprendentes, complejos pero no complicados. Desde su sede en Basilea han construido una obra reconocible por su coherencia y consistencia pero sin caer en formalismos autorepetitivos. La materialidad radical e intensa con la que llevan a cabo esos proyectos, donden el hormigón juega un papel fundamental a la hora de dotar de densidad atmosférica a los espacios, hace de Buchner Bründler uno de los despachos más consolidados y a la vez prometedores de la suiza germanoparlante.
Casa de verano en Linescio. Suiza
Authors: Buchner Bründler Architekten Estudio
Published: May 2016

En Linescio, un pequeño pueblo en el remoto valle Rovana, se encuentra un edificio de piedra de 200 años de antigüedad que se reconstruirá como casa de verano. El edificio consta de una bodega soterrada, que se extiende profundamente bajo la ladera empinada. En el primer piso hay un espacio sencillo destinado a vivienda, sin calefacción y sin agua, por encima del cual hay un altillo para heno con un porche en forma de logia. La estructura de madera con base de piedra perpendicular al edificio, construida con troncos a modo de cabaña, se utilizó anteriormente como secadero de castañas. El edificio estaba vacío desde hacía cincuenta años.
Casa Chienbergreben Gelterkinden. Suiza
Authors: Buchner Bründler Architekten Estudio
Published: May 2016

La parcela es adyacente a un terreno agrícola por su ladera sur, por encima de un centro comunitario. La forma del edificio está marcada por la extensión de la parcela y discurre paralela a la pendiente. Se plantea una casa en dos plantas, con un espacio de estar en la planta baja y las habitaciones individuales, cuartos húmedos y zona de bienestar en la primera planta. Se accede a la planta superior a través de una escalera rampante. La zona de entrada frente a la casa conforma el punto de partida para una serie de espacios estratificados, paralela a la pendiente.
Damage functions for climate-related hazards: unification and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Prahl Boris F. , Rybski Diego , Boettle Markus , Kropp Jürgen P.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Most climate change impacts manifest in the form of natural hazards. Damage assessment typically relies on damage functions that translate the magnitude of extreme events to a quantifiable damage. In practice, the availability of damage functions is limited due to a lack of data sources and a lack of understanding of damage processes. The study of the characteristics of damage functions for different hazards could strengthen the theoretical foundation of damage functions and support their development and validation. Accordingly, we investigate analogies of damage functions for coastal flooding and for wind storms and identify a unified approach. This approach has general applicability for granular portfolios and may also be applied, for example, to heat-related mortality. Moreover, the unification enables the transfer of methodology between hazards and a consistent treatment of uncertainty. This is demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis on the basis of two simple case studies (for coastal flood and storm damage). The analysis reveals the relevance of the various uncertainty sources at varying hazard magnitude and on both the microscale and the macroscale level. Main findings are the dominance of uncertainty from the hazard magnitude and the persistent behaviour of intrinsic uncertainties on both scale levels. Our results shed light on the general role of uncertainties and provide useful insight for the application of the unified approach.
Resistencias institucionales ante la mediación escolar. Una exploración en los escenarios de conflicto
Authors: Carrasco Pons Silvia , Villà Taberner Rita , Ponferrada Arteaga Maribel
Published: May 2016

Este artículo aborda las concepciones de los diferentes actores escolares sobre el significado y las implicaciones de la mediación en sus escuelas, a partir de los datos de una investigación cualitativa que ha formado parte de un proyecto más amplio sobre las perspectivas y las prácticas de la mediación en Cataluña. Se analiza el alcance de las situaciones susceptibles de aplicación de prácticas restaurativas por parte de profesorado y alumnado, así como las resistencias al cambio en las formas de resolución de conflictos y en la democratización de la cultura escolar.
Colombia como territorio de belleza y violencia: ¿superando los estereotipos?
Authors: Tocancipá-Falla Jairo
Published: May 2016

Reseña: TAUSSIG, Michael, 2015. Belleza y Violencia: una relación por entender, Popayán: Editorial Universidad del Cauca.
Innhold
Authors: . ..
Published: May 2016

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Hazardous drinkers in Norwegian hospitals – a cross-sectional study of prevalence and drinking patterns among somatic patients
Authors: Oppedal Kristian , Nesvåg Sverre , Pedersen Bolette , Daltveit Jan Tore , Tønnesen Hanne
Published: May 2016

Background: High alcohol intake has been associated with increased risk of hospital admission, increased complication rates, and prolonged hospital stay. Thus, hospital admission may present a relevant opportunity for alcohol intervention. To understand the potential of alcohol interventions we need knowledge about patients’ drinking patterns. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the drinking patterns in a Norwegian hospital population.Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional survey was carried out at three university hospitals. Patients were asked about alcohol intake one month prior to admission/outpatient treatment. The questionnaire included weekly alcohol intake calculated by frequency X quantity as well as episodes of binge drinking (drinking more than 5 AU during a single day). AUDIT-C was used to determine the frequency of patients having a hazardous drinking pattern during the 12 months prior to hospital treatment.Results: In total we assessed 2,932 patients for eligibility. A total of 2,350 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We included 1,522 patients (65%) in the analyses. Six percent of the women and 11% of the men reported drinking more than the weekly limits of nine alcohol units (AU) for women and 14 AU for men. Fourteen percent of the women and 29% of the men reported binge drinking during the last month. The frequency of women scoring more or equal to 4 points on AUDIT-C was 20%. The frequency of men scoring more or equal to 5 points was 25%.Conclusion: Hazardous drinking among Norwegian hospital patients may be more prevalent than what has been reported for the Norwegian population in general. Binge drinking is the dominant drinking pattern.
Variations in treatment organisation, practices and outcomes within the Norwegian Opioid Maintenance Treatment Programme
Authors: Gjersing Linn , Waal Helge , Røislien Jo , Gossop Michael , Clausen Thomas
Published: May 2016

Variations within and between opioid maintenance programmes have been identified in other countries such as US and the UK. The aim of this study was to assess possible differences in treatment organisation, practices and outcomes between 14 regional centres within the Norwegian Opioid Maintenance Treatment programme, which were subject to the same government standards. This was a national ecological study conducted in November 2008 in Norway. Marked variations between the centres in caseload, choice of agonists, prescribing doctor, as well as in the use of supervised dispensing and urine drug screening were found. Only prescribed agonist dose was consistent across all centres. Centres in which patients had more illicit drug use had fewer patients with long-term living arrangements, more unemployment, and more patients who reported social security benefits as main income. The differences occurred despite government regulations, policies and guidelines, and frequent national meetings between centre managers. These findings show how government standards may be interpreted and implemented differently
Parental influences on dental caries development in preschool children. An overview with emphasis on recent Norwegian research
Authors: Wigen Tove I. , Wang Nina J.
Published: May 2016

The proportion of Norwegian preschool children with dental caries experience has decreased during the last decades and the caries distribution has become skewed. Some children develop caries in early life, and caries may affect body weight, growth and quality of life in children. The social environment influences child development, including the risk for developing dental caries. The purpose of this paper was to summarize knowledge from the literature regarding parental influence on caries development in preschool children with focus on recent Norwegian research based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study. The results from the literature review showed that characteristics of the family and parental oral health behaviours and lifestyle may be associated with caries development in preschool children. These associations were recently confirmed in the Norwegian setting with low caries prevalence in children, high educational level in the population, and comprehensive dental service free of charge for children. In conclusion, the literature establishes associations between parental factors that are known during pregnancy and early parenthood and caries development in early childhood. These risk indicators may be used by health care personnel to identify risk children and target preventive care at children before dental caries has developed.
DIABNOR – a register study of medical quality in diabetes health care
Authors: Joner Geir
Published: May 2016

The purpose of creating the DIABNOR register is to study the quality of diabetes care in Norway. We will study the prevalence of serious complications ("hard endpoints") and what kind of treatment patients receive and how these vary with age, gender, ethnicity, education and place of residence. It is a crosssectional study based on data from all hospital contacts in Norway between 2004 and 2010, linked to the National Prescription Database (NorPD) containing information on all drug treatment patients receive, not only from hospitals but also from general practitioners. Data are also linked to Statistics Norway for collecting information about ethnicity, social status and marital status. Development of quality indicators (QI) for diabetes is also an objective of the project, including indicators to measure compliance with guidelines and achievement of treatment goals. The researchers behind the project believe it is important to measure quality and differences in health care in order to improve the prognosis in this patient group
LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) in Norway – occurrence, risk factors, treatment and complications
Authors: Carlsson Sofia , Midthjell Kristian , Grill Valdemar
Published: May 2016

LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) may be the most common form of autoimmune diabetes and thus encompasses a significant proportion of the diabetic population. Still, knowledge about this common form of diabetes is limited. In this paper we give an overview of some aspects of LADA, primarily using data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). In HUNT, LADA accounts for 7% of all incident cases of diabetes in adults. Data from HUNT indicate that risk factors for LADA include overweight, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and low psychosocial well-being. Risk factors thus seem to be largely similar to those of type 2 diabetes which suggests a partially shared pathogenesis, in spite of the autoimmune nature of LADA. With regard to genetic factors LADA may be a genetic mix of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as LADA patients seem to have an increased prevalence of HLA haplotypes linked to type 1 diabetes, and possibly also genes associated with type 2 diabetes. Patients with LADA are at increased mortality risk, primarily from cardiovascular disease. The excess risk seems to be linked to poor glycemic control rather than metabolic risk factors. These results emphasise the importance of optimal treatment modalities to improve survival in LADA. Documentation of optimal treatment for LADA is still lacking and there is an urgent need for studies in this field.
Diet matters, particularly in pregnancy – Results from MoBa studies of maternal diet and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Brantsæter Anne Lise , Haugen Margaretha , Myhre Ronny , Sengpiel Verena , Englund-Ögge Linda , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Borgen Iren , Duarte-Salles Talita , Papadopoulou Eleni , Vejrup Kristine , Von Ruesten Anne , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord , Birgisdottir Bryndis Eva , Magnus Per , Trogstad Lill , Jacobsson Bo , Bacelis Jonas , Myking Solveig , Knutsen Helle K. , Kvalem Helen E. , Alexander Jan , Mendez Michelle , Meltzer Helle Margrete
Published: May 2016

Awareness that maternal diet may influence the outcome of pregnancy as well as the long-term health of mother and child has increased in recent years. A new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed and validated specifically for the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The MoBa FFQ is a semi-quantitative tool which covers the average intake of food, beverages and dietary supplements during the first 4 to 5 months of pregnancy. It includes questions about intakes of 255 foods and dishes and was used from 2002 onwards. Data assessed by the MoBa FFQ is available for 87,700 pregnancies. Numerous sub-studies have examined associations between dietary factors and health outcomes in MoBa. The aim of this paper is to summarize the results from 19 studies of maternal diet and pregnancy outcomes, which is the complete collection of studies based on the MoBa FFQ and published before September 2014. The overall research question is whether maternal diet – from single substances to dietary patterns – matters for pregnancy outcome. The pregnancy outcomes studied till now include birth size measures, infants being small and large for gestational age, pregnancy duration, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, as well as maternal gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention. As a whole, the results from these studies corroborate that the current dietary recommendations to pregnant women are sound and that maternal diet during pregnancy is likely to contribute to reduce the risk of pregnancy complications including preterm birth, preeclampsia, and reduced foetal growth. The results provide supporting evidence for recommending pregnant women to consume vegetables, fruit, whole grain, fish, dairy, and water regularly and lower the intake of sugar sweetened beverages, processed meat products and salty snacks. The results showing negative impact of even low levels of environmental contaminants support the precautionary advice on consumption of foods containing these. New findings are that particularly lean fish explained the positive association between seafood intake and foetal growth, and the indications of a protective effect of probiotic and antimicrobial foods on pregnancy outcomes. This points to the importance of diet composition for a healthy gut flora and the body’s immune response. Although these studies are observational and cannot infer causality, the results identify diet as an important modifiable lifestyle factor, suggesting that healthy eating, defined as following the official recommendations, is particularly important in pregnancy.
MoBa and the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C)
Authors: Dwyer Terence , Tikellis Gabriella , Ghantous Akram , Lemeshow Stanley , Håberg Siri E. , Olsen Jørn , Paltiel Ora , Golding Jean , Linet Martha S. , Herceg Zdenko , Munthe-Kaas Monica C. , Stoltenberg Camilla
Published: May 2016

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Medication safety in pregnancy – Results from the MoBa study
Authors: Nordeng Hedvig , Ystrom Eivind , Eberhard-Gran Malin
Published: May 2016

This article summarizes the results of several of our studies on medication safety in pregnancy based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Medications investigated include antidepressants, NSAIDs, codeine, triptans, paracetamol and certain herbals. A major advantage of these studies is that MoBa has information on prescribed medications, over-the-counter medications and herbal medications. Moreover, MoBa enables the possibility of including a disease comparison group, and long-term follow-up into childhood. The size of MoBa enables designs like the sibling-design, which offers important advantages over studies comparing unrelated individuals. The possibility of linking MoBa to nationwide registries like the NorPD and the National Patient Registry enables validation of medication exposures and childhood diagnosis. Pharmacoepidemiological studies are vital to our understanding of the safety of medications in pregnancy, but great care must be taken in the analysis and interpretation of observational data to avoid problems of confounding and bias.
Convergent and discriminant validity of psychiatric symptoms reported in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study at age 3 years with independent clinical assessment in the Longitudinal ADHD Cohort Study
Authors: Biele Guido , Zeiner Pål , Aase Heidi
Published: May 2016

Epidemiological studies often use parent questionnaires to assess children's development and mental health. To date, few studies have investigated the validity of parent questionnaires with standardized clinical assessments as criterion. The current study examines discriminant and convergent validity of parent questionnaires for symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD) as well as symptoms of Separation Anxiety employed in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study by using structured clinical interviews performed 5 months later in the Longitudinal ADHD Cohort Study as a criterion. The comparison of confirmatory factor analysis models and examination of factor correlations indicate convergent and discriminant validity of MoBa parent questionnaires for preschool children, especially for the assessment of ADHD and ODD/CD. Future research should attempt to further improve parent questionnaires, examine their validity in representative samples, and explicitly test their utility for screening.
Adolfo Bustamante’s María la O (1948) and the Cinematic Transformation of Cuban Zarzuela
Authors: Thomas Susan
Published: May 2016

Cuban zarzuela flourished for a brief period of time, from the late 1920s to the early 1940s, providing the Western hemisphere with some of its best-loved melodies. The musical and dramatic codes of the zarzuela represented both hegemonic power and social marginality. Composers took preexisting racialized theatrical types and created a phenomenon that was as pedagogical as it was entertaining, instructing Cuba’s growing bourgeoisie about the need for social and racial stability. The zarzuela trafficked in desire, supporting a white-supremacist ideology while simultaneously advocating the consumption of blackness, a strategy that it shared with the larger afrocubanismo movement.

The short lifespan of zarzuela in Cuba has frequently been blamed on the rise of cinema, which offered lower admission prices and greater realism. This article contends that rather than replacing the zarzuela, the emerging Cuban and Mexican film industries absorbed and transformed it, appropriating its plots, performance practices, composers, technical designers, and even performers. I explore the zarzuela’s transformation from stage to screen through Mexican filmmaker Adolfo Bustamante’s 1948 adaptation of Ernesto Lecuona’s 1930 zarzuela, María la O. The film’s negotiation of its borrowed content is instructive in understanding how the racialized codes of the zarzuela were reworked to speak to a larger Latin American audience. In removing cultural markers, filmmakers effectively excised any sense of subversive ambivalence from their original source material, engaging in a “flattening out” of racialized discourse and performance practice that mirrored trends emanating from the U.S. and Europe.
Piłsudski in Zdzisław Czermański’s Artistic Rendering
Authors: Wróbel Elżbieta
Published: May 2016

This article discusses the artistic output of the eminent Polish cartoonist Zdzisław Czermański from the interwar period (1918–39). The text has been divided into five parts. The discussion of Czermański’s cartoons and portrayals showing the figure of Józef Piłsudski has enabled the author to present the most important artistic achievements of this Polish artist. The author has also recollected other subjects of the artist’s works created for the American press (Czermański moved to New York in April 1941).
Competitiveness of the Polish Economy: Lessons Learned for the Years 2014–2020
Authors: Schwabe Michał
Published: May 2016

This article describes the major problems of the Polish economy at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It argues that the financial aid, which will be transferred to Poland by the European Commission during the period 2014–20, will have positive consequences for the Polish economy only if the funding is spent with a clear goal of increasing competitiveness and innovativeness of the Polish economy. Otherwise, with high labor costs and no competitive advantage over other Central and Eastern European countries, after the year 2020 Poland is likely to fall into recession.
Chronic Elbow Dislocation: Evaluation and Management
Authors: Donohue Kenneth W. , Mehlhoff Thomas L.
Published: May 2016

Chronic elbow dislocation is defined as a dislocation that has remained unreduced for >2 weeks. The soft-tissue and skeletal changes that develop during this time usually prevent successful closed reduction. These changes include the development of extensive intra-articular fibrotic tissue, as well as contracture of the triceps, collateral ligaments, and elbow capsule. Ulnar nerve involvement and associated fractures may also be present. Because treatment of chronic elbow dislocation is challenging, a stepwise approach is used in the evaluation and management of this condition. No large series of data are available to guide treatment. Most patients are treated on the basis of the surgeon’s anecdotal experience. Treatment typically involves open reduction, often with the use of hinged external fixators. The role of triceps lengthening or primary collateral ligament reconstruction remains a topic of debate.