bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and reproductive biology of the Electric ray Discopyge tschudii Heckel, 1846 in San Matías Gulf, Northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Estalles Marilú , Coller Nidia Marina , Di Giácomo Edgardo Ernesto , Perier María Raquel
Published: December 2011

The Electric ray Discopyge tschudii is distributed in the Southwest Atlantic from southern Brazil to southern Argentina and in the Southeast Pacific from Peru to southern Chile. The main threat to this species is fishing. Discopyge tschudii is noncommercial and individuals caught are discarded on board. The present study analyzes the distribution and the morphological and reproductive characteristics of this ray in San Matías Gulf (SMG), Argentina. A total of 1087 individuals were analyzed. The species presented an aggregate distribution, with the main concentrations in the northern and eastern areas of SMG, at depths below 100 m. Males ranged from 9 to 43 cm and females from 11 to 38 cm. The species presented sexual dimorphism. Males were larger and heavier than females and also matured at larger sizes. Size at 50% of maturity was estimated at 30 cm for males and 21 cm for females. A total of 199 embryos were sampled and the proportion of sexes showed no significant differences from the expected 1:1. The number of embryos per female varied from 1 to 12. The most frequent values were 2 and 5. Length at birth was estimated at 82.17 ± 3.87 mm. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the electric ray D. tschudii completes its reproductive cycle in SMG.
Calcium and Magnesium Prophylaxis for Oxaliplatin-Related Neurotoxicity: Is It a Trade-off Between Drug Efficacy and Toxicity?
Authors: Cavaletti Guido
Published: December 2011

The study by Khattak on the safety and efficacy of calcium-magnesium infusion for oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity, published in this issue of The Oncologist, is reviewed.
Structural response of interlocking composite masonry slab
Authors: Thanoon Waleed A. , Yardim Yavuz , Jaafar Mohd Saleh , Noorzaei Jamaloddin
Published: November 2011

This study introduces a semi-fabricated composite floor slab system that consists of a precast inverted ribbed ferrocement panel interlocked in situ with a brick–rib layer to form a composite slab. The effectiveness of the interlocking mechanism of the composite slab was investigated under separate shear and flexural loadings. Ten composite slab specimens having different shear connectivity between the two layers were cast and tested under pure shear loading (push-off test). Six further slab specimens were cast and tested under two line loadings to explore the structural response of the composite slab system under flexural loading. The flexural tests focused on the effect of different brick layouts and orientation and thus different numbers of interlocking ribs in longitudinal and transverse directions on the overall structural response of the composite slab. The results of push-off tests indicate that the proposed interlocking system is as effective as using steel truss shear connectors in composite slabs. The flexural test results in terms of load–deflection, crack pattern, ductility and failure loads indicate that the response of the composite slab to flexural loading is satisfactory for use as a structural floor slab.
Blood pressure control in private practice: a case report.
Authors: Engelland A L , Alderman M H , Powell H B
Published: December 2011

High blood pressure is most commonly treated in the offices of private physicians. We have attempted to evaluate the efficacy of such care through review of all patient charts of a Board Certified, University Medical Center affiliated internist in New York City. Seventeen per cent had elevated (greater than or equal to 160/95) blood pressures or were taking antihypertensive medication at the time of their last visit. A selected group of 206 charts was examined to determine attendance and blood pressure outcome. Over one-half of these patients were lost to follow-up within a year of their initial visit. Of those who persisted in therapy, 55 per cent achieved good blood pressure control. Blood pressure outcomes among medicated patients were not different from those of patients who received no prescription. These results suggest that this conventional pattern of ambulatory medical care, characterized by a high attrition rate and a failure to adequately control blood pressure, may not be suitable to the long-term management of high blood pressure.
Food, sanitation, and the socioeconomic determinants of child growth in Colombia.
Authors: Koopman J S , Jajardo L , Bertrand W
Published: December 2011

To describe the causes of growth failure in a developing country, we studied family food availability, anthropometric measurements of preschool children, and family and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions in a stratified random sample of Cali, Colombia families. The influences on preschool child growth of food availability, neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, and family socioeconomic conditions were separated statistically. Neither food availability nor other family factors were related directly to growth, but neighborhood factors did have a strong relationship to growth. Children decreased progressively from 97.5 percent of expected weight in the top one-sixth of neighborhoods we studied to 89 per cent in the botton one-sixth. Food availability, although not related to growth, was strongly related to family factors. The top one-sixth of families had 115 percent of FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) protein allowances, while the bottom one-sixth had only 75 per cent. These finding are inconsistent with food availability or family factors being the prinicipal causes of growth retardation. They are consistent with neighborhood determined factors, possibly enteric infections, being the principal cause of growth retardation in preschool children in Cali.
Prescribing behaviors of primary care nurse practitioners.
Authors: Rosenaur J , Stanford D , Morgan W , Curtin B
Published: December 2011

The prescribing practices of 18 primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) with 1,683 patients over a six-month period were examined through a randomly selected audit of over 1,700 prescriptions. The results showed that NPs prescribed a very limited number of well known, relatively simple drugs to a young, female healthy population. The prescription/visit rate was 0.26. Most drugs were initiated for the first time rather than refilled. There was minimal physician consultation regarding drug use during the visit. The results provide evidence of the ability of nurse practitioners to prescribe drugs and should aid in the further legalization of this aspect of the primary care role.
Hysterectomies in one Canadian Province: a new look at risks and benefits.
Authors: Roos N P
Published: December 2011

This paper assesses the risks and benefits associated with hysterectomy by comparing the age-adjusted health care usage patterns of all women receiving hysterectomy in the Province of Manitoba in 1974 during the two years before and the two years after surgery with those of women undergoing cholecystectomy, and with those of an age and sex matched population sample. Less than half of the women have dilation and curettage of the uterus prior to hysterectomy, despite the fact that menstrual disorders are the most frequent problem bringing women to the physician's office. Despite a low mortality rate, there is a significant risk (40 per 1,000 cases) of complications requiring hospital readmission during the two years after hysterectomy and associated repair procedures. Although women visit their physician less frequently with gynecologic problems after surgery, they visit more frequently for psychological problems, urinary tract infections, and menopausal symptoms. Both before and after surgery women visit the physicians more frequently than do the age-matched comparison groups.
Use of ambulatory care services in three provider plans: interactions between patient characteristics and plans.
Authors: Diehr P , Martin D P , Price K F , Friedlander L J , Richardson W C , Riedel D C
Published: December 2011

A previous study of low-income enrollees in a closed-panel health maintenance organization (HMO) and a Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) plan showed that the effect on the use of health services of the age, sex, health status, previous health care use, race, and family size of the enrollees was different in the two plans. We have replicated this study using the same two provider plans but studying a different group of white collar, middle class enrollees. A third plan, an experimental independent practice association (IPA), was also available for analysis. Utilization was defined as use (yes/no) and the quantity of use for those who used services (in standardized dollars). Significant interactions were detected between plan and all of the independent variables but race. The use of services in the HMO was least affected by enrollees' characteristics (age, sex, race, health status, prior use, family size) and use was most sensitive to patient characteristics in BC. In some respects, the IPA was more like the HMO and in other respects more like the BC/BS plan.
Frictional Pressure Drop of Gas-Newtonian and Gas-Non Newtonian Slug Flow in Vertical Pipe
Authors: Majumder Subrata Kumar , Ghosh Sandip , Kundu Gautam , Mitra Arun Kumar
Published: December 2011

Experimental study on two-phase pressure drop in a vertical pipe with air-Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquid in slug flow regime has been carried out within a range of gas and liquid flowrate of 0.5×10-4 to 1.92×10-4 m-3/s and 1.6×10-4 to 6.7×10-4 m3/s respectively. In the present study air and four types of liquids such as water, amyl alcohol, glycerin (two different concentrations), and CMC (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) are used. The present data were analyzed by two-phase friction method. To predict the two-phase pressure drop, correlations have been developed with Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquid. A general correlation was also developed to predict the two-phase pressure drop in a vertical column of diameter 0.01905 m and 3.4 m height combining both the Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquid systems.
Comparison of the response to experimentally induced short-term inflammation in the temporomandibular and metacarpophalangeal joints of horses
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Bell Chris D. , Tatarniuk Dane M. , Suri Sarabjeet S. , Singh Baljit , Waldner Cheryl
Published: November 2011

Objective—To investigate the relationship between inflammatory responses of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in clinically normal horses.

Animals—7 mature horses.

Procedures—In each horse, 1 TMJ and 1 MCP joint were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.0025 μg). The contralateral TMJ and MCP joint were injected with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Synovial fluid samples were collected from all 4 joints over 24 hours after injection. Concentrations of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and total protein were measured via immunoassay. Horses were assessed for clinical signs of joint inflammation at each time point.

Results—Concentrations of interleukin-6 were not significantly different between LPS-injected MCP joints and TMJs at any time point. Transforming growth factor-β concentrations were significantly increased in MCP joints, compared with concentrations in TMJs, at 12 and 24 hours after injection. Tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were significantly higher in LPS-injected TMJs than in LPS-injected MCP joints at 1 and 6 hours after injection. Total protein concentration did not differ significantly between LPS-injected MCP joints and TMJs. Injection of LPS induced clinical inflammation at all time points; additionally, 2 MCP joints (but no TMJs) had an inflammatory response to injection of saline solution.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The inflammatory response to LPS appeared to be attenuated more quickly in TMJs than in MCP joints of horses. The difference in response suggested that a lack of clinical osteoarthritis in the TMJ of horses could be attributable to a difference in cytokine response.
High efficiency, Diode Pumped 170 W Nd:YAG ceramic slab laser
Authors: Lapucci A. , Ciofini M. , Pucci M. , D’Uva M.
Published: November 2011

A new thin-slab ceramic Nd:YAG laser is presented based on a non-conventional zig-zag configuration. The slab is shaped in such a way that the beam propagates internally bouncing on the thin lateral faces (Edge zig-zag). Preliminary experiments have demonstrated a power extraction of 170 W (CW) at an optical conversion efficiency of 36%. Measurements have also been performed to assess the propagation properties, at least in the thinner transverse direction, of the beam extracted with a simple stable resonator. This laser format appears as a good competitor of the more traditional face-pumped or edge-pumped zig-zag slab laser schemes.
Transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser action in disordered media of R6G dye and TiO2 nanoparticles doped with PMMA polymer
Authors: Chiad Baha. T. , Hameed Mohammed. A. , Latif Kamil H. , AL-Maliki Firas J.
Published: November 2011

A random laser (RL) based on organic Rhodamine 6G (R6G) laser-dye and TiO2 suspended nanoparticles have been prepared with poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a host. Both liquid and spray-coated homogeneous film samples of 22 µm –30 µm thickness range were use. Optimum concentrations have been determined depending on the normal fluorescence spectra which give evidence that the laser dye provides amplification and TiO2 nanoparticles act as scatter center. At the optimum concentrations, results of the random laser (RL) under second harmonic Nd: YAG laser excitation show that the values of bandwidth at full width half-maximum (FWHM) and the threshold energy are about 8 nm and 3 mJ respectively, which represent the minimum value for the liquid samples in the current research. Correspondly, these values become 12 nm and 3 mJ for film sample. The broadening that can be attributed to the concentration quenching of a laser dye at high a concentration level has been observed.
Mould fabrication for polymer optics
Authors: Speich M. , Börret R.
Published: November 2011

This work is focused on the process chain for mould fabrication for the injection moulding of optical components. To achieve a good form and surface quality on steel moulds is the intention; the new process chain should consist of just 3 steps instead of 5; nickel plating and diamond turning are superseded. Manual polishing is replaced by robot polishing.
Monocular multi-view stereo imaging system
Authors: Jiang W. , Shimizu M. , Okutomi M.
Published: November 2011

In this study, we present a single-camera, multi-view stereo imaging system for capturing three-dimensional (3D) information. First, we design a monocular, multi-view stereo imaging device composed of a fisheye lens, and planar mirrors placed around the lens. The fisheye lens has a wide view-angle. The captured image includes a centered region of direct observation and surrounding regions of mirrored observations. These regions can be considered as images captured by multiple cameras at different positions and orientations. Therefore, the proposed device is equivalent to a synchronous multiple-cameras configuration, in which all the cameras share the same physical characteristics. In addition, we show how to place the mirrors in order to maximize the common view-angles, which is an important design consideration. Then, after calibrating the projection function of the fisheye lens, we obtain the positions and orientations of the virtual cameras from the external parameters. We also develop two multi-baseline stereo algorithms for the 3D measurement system. The first algorithm transforms the captured image to perspective images, and uses the traditional method to perform stereo determination. The second algorithm directly uses the original captured image along with an analysis of the epipolar geometry. Experimental results show that our system is more effective than traditional stereo methods that use a stereo pair, and it can achieve robust 3D reconstruction.
Status, Values and Challenges in Chiropterans Conservation
Authors: Niraula Richa , Jha Sunny
Published: December 2011

Chiropterans (Bats) comprise 1,001 species in total and are distributed worldwide. These have high ecological and economical value. Nepal comes under the highlighted subregion in the South Asia owing to the abundance of bats over here. Yet, very few detailed analyses have been done, and the exact status including biological habits are still not properly documented. This has made already vulnerable population more vulnerable with a continuous threat that some valuable species might get lost even before realizing. This paper provides insight to the status of bats in Nepal, the challenges present in their conservation and the ways ahead.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5542The Initiation Vol.4 2011 103-110
Model Forest and its prospect in Nepal
Authors: Bridgewater Peter , Upadhaya Suraj
Published: December 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5545 The Initiation Vol.4 2011 120-124
Functional Properties of Pea (Pisum sativum, L.) Protein Isolates Modified with Chymosin
Authors: Barać Miroljub , Čabrilo Slavica , Pešić Mirjana , Stanojević Slađana , Pavlićević Milica , Maćej Ognjen , Ristić Nikola
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the effects of limited hydrolysis on functional properties, as well as on protein composition of laboratory-prepared pea protein isolates, were investigated. Pea protein isolates were hydrolyzed for either 15, 30 and 60 min with recombined chymosin (Maxiren). The effect of enzymatic action on solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties at different pH values (3.0; 5.0; 7.0 and 8.0) was monitored. Chymosin can be a very useful agent for improvement of functional properties of isolates. Action of this enzyme caused a low degree of hydrolysis (3.9–4.7%), but improved significantly functional properties of pea protein isolates (PPI), especially at lower pH values (3.0–5.0). At these pH values all hydrolysates had better solubility, emulsifying activity and foaming stability, while longer-treated samples (60 min) formed more stable emulsions at higher pH values (7.0, 8.0) than initial isolates. Also, regardless of pH value, all hydrolysates showed improved foaming ability. A moderate positive correlation between solubility and emulsifying activity index (EAI) (0.74) and negative correlation between solubility and foam stability (−0.60) as well as between foam stability (FS) and EAI (−0.77) were observed. Detected enhancement in functional properties was a result of partial hydrolysis of insoluble protein complexes.
Migrations of the elderly in West Germany: Developments 1970-1990
Authors: Kemper Franz-Josef
Published: November 2011

The paper analyses interregional migration flows of the elderly in West Germany. The demographic and socio-economic structure of the migrants is described as well as types of migration such as amenity migrants preferring health-resorts, return migrants, and kinship and support-related migrants. Next, areas of origin, mostly cities and urban agglomerations, and areas of destination are presented, with special reference to migration flows of the young-old and the old-old. During the 1970s and 1980s the migration rates of the elderly declined considerably, particularly for long-distance migration and more so for retirement migration sensu stricto than for support-related flows. The last section of the paper discusses some arguments to explain this decrease.
Migration et lieu de naissance : l'exemple de Djakarta.
Authors: Ledent Jacques , Termote Marc
Published: November 2011

Migration and birth place: the example of Jakarta

This paper examines population dynamics in Jakarta based on the demographic conditions that prevailed in the late seventies.

This is carried out by means of an extension of the classical multiregional approach that accounts for the influence of the place of birth of individuals on their migration behavior. Such an extension brings new insights into migration patterns to and from Jakarta and yields more precise as well as more detailed estimates of the indicators that reflect population dynamics in that city.
Entre disparition et renaissance : Les Kachoubes de la Poméranie polonaise.
Authors: Sanguin Andre-Louis , Puk Agnieszka
Published: November 2011

Localisés dans la région orientale de Gdansk, les Kachoubes constituent la seule minorité slave de Pologne. Actuellement au nombre de 500 000, ils n'ont jamais formé un territoire autonome. Jusqu'en 1945, c'était une minorité ballotée entre Allemagne et Pologne. La germanisation et la polonisation ont fortement obéré le fait identitaire. La démocratie pluraliste de la nouvelle Pologne et l'évolution récente vers la régionalisation offrent de nouvelles perspectives à la question kachoube.
Les Tsiganes en République Tchèque et en République Slovaque.
Authors: Kalibova Kvèta
Published: November 2011

Les différences entre les Tsiganes et les autres habitants de Tchéquie et de Slovaquie sont très fortes pour tous les paramètres de comportement démographique. Durant toute la période communiste (1947-1989), les Tsiganes ont été soumis à des pressions assimilatrices. Malgré le retour de la démocratie pluraliste, les Tsiganes sont isolés des autres Tchèques et Slovaques par un mur d'incompréhension et de peur. Le but à atteindre est une coexistence et une compréhension mutuelle.
Santé et culture en contexte urbain indien
Authors: Vaguet Alain
Published: November 2011

L'Union indienne laïque que ses créateurs ont souhaité «une et indivisible» est agitée par des tensions liées aux affrontements culturels. La minorité musulmane en particulier se considère souvent victime de discrimination, notamment à Hyderabad, ville d'Inde centrale, en matière d'offre de soins. En revanche, une épidémiologie officieuse stigmatise cette minorité en lui reprochant des pratiques sanitaires qui expliqueraient, avec celle des hors-castes, le maintien de la transmission des maladies infectieuses. Il est assez simple de montrer, à l'aide des statistiques locales, que la composante économique dépasse les spécificités culturelles. Toutefois ces utilisations excessives et orientées du fait religieux n'annulent pas l'intérêt que peut représenter l'analyse de l'offre de soins à la lumière des castes. De cette façon, on peut considérer que l'analyse spatiale, pour être complète, demande qu'on y ajoute une large prise en compte des faits culturels.
Les infections par le VIH dans l'espace africain. Une mise en question géographique.
Authors: Rémy G.
Published: November 2011

An analysis and a «study» of the datas known on the situation and the evolution of infections by HIV state that three epidemio- logical phenomena are simultaneously understood. Endemic forms of the HIV1 and of the HIV2 have been noticed since the beginning of the 80' s on the Western side of Africa : prevalences discovered are rare, sometimes a bit more numerous ; they seem to be stable ; they are undifferentiated in the regional space. Geographical and epidemiological proximities observed between one and the other endemy, several indications gathered from the recent past, collected knowledge on the natural history of both HIV and its relations with that of the SIV (the monkey's virus) put forward the hypothesis that the Atlantic side of the continent could be a more or less ancient area of both infections. The noticeable stability of both preceding epidemiological phenomena contrasts with the powerful dynamism of an epidemy of the infection by the HIV1 appeared at the latest at the end of the 70' s. Based first in the Center East-Africa, it has quickly spread around its initial areas, moreover (it has spread) over Central Africa and over Southern Ivory Coast. The epidemy is selective in the space. It develops in small cities, as well as in big cities, and also in rural sites, characterized by a great economic and human liveliness.

The origin of this epidemy, its relations with the endemic form of the HIV1 observed, moreover are not clearly established. It could be distinguished by the nature of the concerned virus.
Population, superficie cultivée et développement en Chine : le cas du Shandong.
Authors: Giroir Guillaume
Published: November 2011

Population, Cultivated Lands and Development in China : the Case of the Shandong Province.

Through the case of the Shandong Province, this study aims at developing a critical analysis of some classic models concerning Chinese population geography. Some maps, based on the ratio rural densities/cultivated areas, show Shandong as being a significantly anomalous province, with respect to the usual contrast between overpopulated plains and unpeopled uplands, as P. Gourou has definited it. The notion of saturation of cultivated areas, as well as that of overpopulation, more generally, the neo-malthusian principle, are thrown back into question. Lastly, it appears that local development level is only slightly determined by demographic pression.
Polarisation socio-spatiale et stratégies de survie dans deux quartiers bruxellois.
Authors: Mistiaen Pascale , Meert Henk , Kesteloot Christian
Published: November 2011

Socio-Spatial Polarisation and Survival Strategies in two Brussels' Neighbourhoods.

Socio-spatial polarisation in the Brussels urban region can be dealt with at three levels at which different spatial processes are operating. The first level operates to distinguish the city from its periphery and results from the economic growth and suburbanisation of the 1960s. The second level of polarisation occurs within Brussels itself and relates to mechanisms in the housing market and the impact of economic crisis on these. Thirdly, in certain districts of Brussels there is a spiral of degradation, both in environmental and in social terms. They are becoming something like the 'no go areas' of American cities. Two such disadvantaged areas are examined here. Both are close to the city centre, on the old industrial axis, and both have strong concentrations of foreigners. Although apparently similar, the two areas actually offer very different opportunities for community development and social integration, essentially related to the heterogeneity of the environment and the social cohesion of the populations concerned.
La mobilité des médecins en France : du lieu de formation au lieu d'exercice.
Authors: Picheral Henri , Vigneron Emmanuel
Published: November 2011

Les mouvements migratoires des médecins en France sont relativement faibles en raison de l'attachement bien connu de ces derniers à leur faculté d'origine. Pour autant ils sont révélateurs de disparités géographiques de comportements, notamment entre le Nord et le Nord-Est et le Sud du pays. Sur la base d'une matrice croisant la faculté de thèse et le lieu d'exercice de quelque 170 000 médecins l'étude permet de révéler ces disparités au moyen d'une méthodologie d'étude des flux et de leur modélisation.
La population rurale espagnole
Authors: Higueras Arnal Antonio
Published: November 2011

Rural Population in Spain.

The Spanish rural population has fallen considerably in the last thirty years. In 1900, the rural population (living in villages of 3.000 inhabitants, or less) was 6.87 million (37 per cent of the total population). In 1993 the same population had dropped to 7 per cent (2.81 million) and at the beginning of the next century it will be 2.1 million. The rural depopulation has been due to the large scale emigration to the cities between 1950 and 1975. This has produced a demographic vacuum in most of inner Spain, where the provincial capitals stand out like demographic oasis.

In spite of this, since 1985 there has been a revitalization of the rural areas near the cities or away from them but with good access. The phenomenon of «periurbanization» and «rurbanization» is developing very fast and it is reversing the process of the demographic vacuum.
L'immigration étrangère en Vénétie : de la précarité à la stabilisation ?
Authors: Brunetta Giovanna , Rotondi Graziano
Published: November 2011

Foreign Migration into Veneto : from Precariousness to Stabilization ?

The immigrants repartition in Veneto follows the local productive system, characterized by industrial firms of small and middle size, diffused on the territory. Although this phenomenon is rather recent and limited, on the basis of some empirical observations, it is showing some aspects of stabilization. On the one hand, the peculiar pattern of the immigrants local presence avoids those problems which are typical of metropolitan areas, but on the other one, it could hinder the execution of proper policies aiming at the satisfaction of foreigners' needs.
Les recherches statistiques récentes sur l'immigration aux Etats-Unis
Authors: Body-Gendrot Sophie
Published: November 2011

Les statistiques utilisées aux Etats-Unis pour recenser la population immigrante se prêtent mal aux comparaisons internationales. Les définitions sont variables, les systèmes de données disparates. Le recensement, source indispensable, n'est pas sans faiblesse et doit être complété par d'autres sources, comme par exemple celles de l'INS, pour l'évaluation des sans papiers. Enfin la spécificité de la race et des politiques qui en découlent, sans prise en compte de l'hybridité font de ce pays un cas singulier.
Migration Statistics in Germany: Sources, Concepts and Selected Results
Authors: Bretz Manfred
Published: November 2011

Les statistiques de migrations en Allemagne : sources, concepts et échantillon de résultats.

Les statistiques allemandes de migrations se fondent sur le système du Registre communal de la population, le changement de résidence y est donc considéré comme migration. Dans le contexte international, ceci risque de mener à bon nombre de divergences, puisque d'autres pays utilisent en général des définitions différentes. Une certaine durée de séjour est souvent la condition de l'utilisation préalable du terme «migration». Parfois, seul le changement de résidence habituelle est pris en compte, ce qui permet d'exclure l'ensemble des migrations saisonnières, parfois on ne considère que les migrations ayant entraîné un séjour de plusieurs années. C'est pourquoi les données portant sur les migrations doivent être utilisées avec une grande circonspection. Afin d'éviter de trop fortes disparités, on ne pourrait utiliser que les balances migratoires.
La répartition des personnes d'origine étrangère en France
Authors: Desplanques Guy
Published: November 2011

La présence des immigrés en France est la conséquence de plusieurs vagues migratoires. Pour l'essentiel, elle est due à l'appel de main-d'oeuvre au cours des «Trente Glorieuses» : il fallait alors recruter des ouvriers. Dans l'ensemble, les immigrés, selon la définition du Haut Conseil à l'Intégration, ou les étrangers, au sens juridique sont nombreux dans les régions industrielles et dans les régions urbaines : Ile-de-France, Nord et Est, Sud-Est. D'une nationalité d'origine à l'autre, l'histoire de la migration a cependant créé des spécificités. Les originaires d'Italie restent nombreux en Lorraine et le long de la frontière sud-est. Les Espagnols se sont souvent installés aux abords des Pyrénées. Les Algériens ont gagné l'Ile-de-France, mais aussi la région lyonnaise et le Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Les courants les plus tardifs se sont davantage concentrés dans la région parisienne : Portugais en grande banlieue, Tunisiens, Africains francophones, originaires d'Asie du Sud-Est à Paris ou en proche banlieue. Seuls les Marocains se sont disséminés : banlieue parisienne, mais aussi Sud- Est de la France.

A l'échelle départementale, la concentration mesurée par l'indice de Lorenz, a peu varié depuis une quinzaine d'années, comme d'ailleurs la localisation d'ensemble des différents groupes, du fait d'une faible mobilité géographique.
La communauté portugaise de Cerizay (79)
Authors: Kotlok-Piot Nathalie
Published: November 2011

Depuis la fin des années 1960, vit à Cerizay, petite ville du nord des Deux-Sèvres, une communauté portugaise. Parfois originaires de Madère, ces travailleurs et leurs familles se sont insérés dans le tissu économique local principalement chez Heuliez, usine de construction automobile et dans les ateliers de confection.

Résidant dans les quartiers H.L.M. du centre-bourg, ils sont restés discrets. Mais la création d'une Z.E.P. permettant de prendre en compte les problèmes scolaires de leurs enfants et l'instauration d'un conseil municipal associé ont fait passer les Portugais de l'invisibilité à la visibilité.
Territoires et mémoire : les Arméniens en région Parisienne
Authors: Hovanessian Martine
Published: November 2011

Dans nos sociétés complexes urbaines et industrialisées, le concept de communauté destiné à l'origine à décrire des relations englobantes dans un système organique basé sur l'intrication des sphères de la vie sociale et de la vie symbolique, nécessite de nouvelles interrogations. Dans le cas de la minorité arménienne, le lien communautaire s'est fondé dans un premier temps sur des connivences culturelles qui ont engendré des proximités sociales. Mais les enjeux communautaires ne peuvent se limiter à des stratégies d'efficacité sociale ou encore s'expliquer par la reproduction «naturelle» de conduites propres à la société d'origine. On constate plutôt des tentatives de construire un langage de 1' «entre-deux», né de l'exil, dans lequel se confrontent les modèles, se réaménagent et se bricolent les multiples appartenances. Ces combinaisons sont destinées néanmoins à rétablir un lien social entre personnes et «faire sens». Quelles sont les logiques de ces communautés «partielles» ? Est-il pertinent de qualifier ces modes d'association comme des formes régressives du lien social ?
Des immigrants entrepreneurs ou entreprenants ? La petite entreprise chinoise en France
Authors: Pairault Thierry
Published: November 2011

Immigration and Entrepreneurship : the Chiese Small Business in France.

This paper gives a brief overview of a field work led in Paris among the Chinese community ; the survey was a test of whether there is something like a «Chinese ethic» which could explain a so-called «Chinese spirit of capitalism». To put it in more humble and at the same time more operational terms, this survey was an attempt to examine whether the vitality of overseas Chinese communities in southeast Asia, in Paris, as well as in Taiwan ... arises as a result of a pro-business culture or of socio-economic opportunities. The paper mainly focuses on the social meaning and economic importance of the Chinese entrepreneurship in France and describes the actual motivations of such enterprises.
La scolarisation des enfants d'immigrés dans l'académie de Versailles : à la recherche des effets de contexte
Authors: Barthon Catherine
Published: November 2011

L'influence croissante du «local» dans le champ des sciences sociales ouvre de nouvelles perspectives à l'étude des scolarités des enfants d'immigrés. Après s'être interrogée sur la pertinence des sources statistiques et des catégories utilisées, l'auteur insiste sur l'originalité de l'insertion des élèves étrangers dans l'espace scolaire du second degré de l'académie de Versailles. Cet espace est soumis à de fortes disparités locales révélatrices de la division sociale des territoires éducatifs et des stratégies scolaires mobilisées par les différents acteurs en présence. Dans ce contexte particulier, les enfants d'immigrés bénéficient-ils des mêmes opportunités que les autres ?
Réflexions sur les flux migratoires au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Bourgey André
Published: November 2011

Some Remarks on Migratory Flows in the Middle-East.

Geopolitical issues and oil revenues account for the migratory movements in the Middle East. Since the end of the seventies individual immigration from Arab countries has been replaced by a massive Asian immigration.

International work migrations are a main cause of social changes. They play an important role in the economic balance and have several geographical effects in both emigration and immigration countries.
Les Kurdes de Syrie et d'Irak : dénégation, déplacements et éclatement
Authors: Pérouse Jean-François
Published: November 2011

La Syrie et l'Irak possèdent chacune, à leurs périphéries, des portions de l'ensemble trans-étatique qu'est le Kurdistan et des populations kurdes (à l'intérieur et hors de ces «bastions»), estimées à plus de quatre millions d'individus, mais mal connues et peu reconnues dans leurs droits et identité par les Etats centraux. Ces populations sont sujettes à diverses formes de mobilité (exil, déplacements forcés, exode rural ...) et habitent de moins en moins dans les «bastions» traditionnels. En outre, elles se tertiairisent et s'internationalisent.
La transition démographique en Inde
Authors: Véron Jacques
Published: November 2011

Demographic Transition in India.

India was the first country to adopt a restrictive population policy but fertility remained for a long time at a high level. The total fertility rate is now a little bit higher than 3 children per woman, which is the fertility world average. The decline of the fertility affects all the states but sometimes important regional disparities remain between North and South of India. In Kerala the number of children per woman is less than 2 and in Uttar Pradesh close to 5. These contrasts between states are largely related to the level of alphabetisation of women.
L'engagement dans des collectifs de production de connaissance en ligne
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Roudaut Karine , Le Squin Sandrine
Published: November 2011

Résumé Nous discutons à partir d’une étude de cas, GeoRezo, l’implication des participants à des collectifs ou projets qui produisent de la connaissance, des biens (type logiciels) ou des services en ligne. Cette « carrière » est vue sous deux angles : les facteurs favorisant des prises de rôles ; les raisons de l’engagement.
Evidence for microsatellite hitchhiking selection in European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and implications in inferring stock structure
Authors: Kasapidis Panagiotis , Silva Alexandra , Zampicinini Gianpaolo , Magoulas Antonios
Published: December 2011

The genetic structure of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) was assessed throughout its geographic range using five microsatellite loci. One of the loci seemed to be under hitchhiking selection and exhibited a latitudinal cline along the eastern Atlantic, with abrupt change in allele frequencies from the Alboran Sea to the western Mediterranean and from the east Atlantic coast to the Azores and Madeira. This pattern was very similar to that previously described for the allozymic locus SOD* and these 2 loci could be linked. A Bayesian analysis of environmental factors with the genetic data indicated temperature as a potential selection factor. Selection pressure may be stronger at the southern limit of sardine distribution, because heterozygosity of the non-neutral locus was much lower there. The abrupt change in allele frequencies of the non-neutral locus in certain regions seem to be related more to strong barriers to gene flow, which were not evident for neutral loci, than to abrupt changes in selection pressure. These areas of discontinuity provide a guideline to define and delineate genetic stocks and are generally consistent with areas of phenotypic change in sardine, but they are not in concordance with the currently recognized morphological subspecies.
C-Reactive Protein Levels in the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Bonny Aimé , Tonet Joelci , Márquez Manlio F. , De Sisti Antonio , Temfemo Abdou , Himbert Caroline , Gueffaf Fatima , Larrazet Fabrice , Ditah Ivo , Frank Robert , Hidden-Lucet Françoise , Fontaine Guy
Published: December 2011

Background. Inflammation in the Brugada syndrome (BrS) and its clinical implication have been little studied.Aims. To assess the level of inflammation in BrS patients.Methods. All studied BrS patients underwent blood samples drawn for C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at admission, prior to any invasive intervention. Patients with a previous ICD placement were controlled to exclude those with a recent (<14 days) shock. We divided subjects into symptomatic (syncope or aborted sudden death) and asymptomatic groups. In a multivariable analysis, we adjusted for significant variables (age, CRP ≥ 2 mg/L).Results. Fifty-four subjects were studied (mean age 45 ± 13 years, 49 (91%) male). Twenty (37%) were symptomatic. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Mean CRP level was 1,4 ± 0,9 mg/L in asymptomatic and 2,4 ± 1,4 mg/L in symptomatic groups (P= .003). In the multivariate model, CRP concentrations ≥ 2 mg/L remained an independent marker for being symptomatic (P= .018; 95% CI: 1.3 to 19.3).Conclusion. Inflammation seems to be more active in symptomatic BrS. C-reactive protein concentrations ≥ 2 mg/L might be associated with the previous symptoms in BrS. The value of inflammation as a risk factor of arrhythmic events in BrS needs to be studied.
Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) Changes the surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation of E. coli
Authors: Uberos Jose , Iswaldi Ishan , Belmonte Rocio Rodríguez , Segura-Carretero Antonio , Fernández-Puentes Verónica , Molina-Carballo Antonio , Muñoz-Hoyos Antonio
Published: November 2011

Cranberry has been shown useful in the prevention of urinary infection by E. coli. In this study, we examined the changes in the hydrophobicity of P fimbriated E. coli and biofilm formation after incubation with commercial cranberry syrup extract at various concentrations. After incubating a bacterial suspension with cranberry at dilutions of 1:100 and 1:1000, tests of haemagglutination inhibition, surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation were carried out. The surface hydrophobicity of E. coli decreased significantly after incubation with cranberry and this effect was not modified by the culture medium. Biofilm formation was inhibited after incubation with cranberry syrup and this effect was dependent on the culture medium. Thus, in some circumstances cranberry can modify nonspecific adhesive properties of E. coli. In previous studies, cranberry has only been implicated in the inhibition of P-fimbriated E. coli, but our observations show that it acts by modifying adhesive properties under P-related fimbriae.
A Non-zero Value Shared by an Entire Function and its Linear Differential Polynomials
Authors: Lahiri Indrajit , Kaish Imrul
Published: November 2011

In this paper we study uniqueness of entire functions sharing a non-zero finite value with linear differential polynomials and address a result of W.Wang and P. Li.
Extending the Role of the Occupational Therapist in the Promotion of Collaborative Medication Management to Facilitate Occupation
Authors: Cole Julie
Published: December 2011

Although falling outside its traditional domain of concern, medication management merits consideration by occupational therapists owing to both the beneficial and the detrimental effects of pharmacology on occupation. However, a lack of clarity about the profession's role in promoting this activity has important consequences from legal and professional perspectives. In a health care environment, where a client-centred approach to medication adherence is currently advocated, there is scope to use the profession's models to explore this topic from an occupational viewpoint. This could enhance effective collaboration between prescribers and patients and enable the use of occupational therapy to augment, support or replace pharmacological approaches.
Masculinity and nationalism in East African hip-hop music
Authors: Mwangi Evan
Published: November 2011

East African music aligns itself with nationalistic desires while attempting to create a transnational and regional agenda that goes beyond individual nation-states. Hip-hop music appears at pains to define itself as different from the western art-forms with which it is hastily associated by instantiating localized forms and creating a different locution. This paper surveys East African hip-hop to demonstrate that the music is a productive site upon which the local, the national, and the global contest and negotiate. We demonstrate that central to the music's identity politics is the notion of masculinity, in which the construction of community is interpreted as a masculine enterprise. The audiences also invest the music with political and nationalist meanings that are fraught with sexualized readings. On the whole, the music rejects hostile nationalism but male artists tend to represent women negatively in their grand national, regional, and pan-African projects. Indirectly indicating the depth of the hegemonic masculinism they operate under, women artistes express a desire to deconstruct male constructs. At the same time they suggest that, in spite of themselves, their critique has to be cautious and subtle.
History and ideology in Chimamanda Adichie’s fiction
Authors: Ogwude Sophia O.
Published: November 2011

The colonial experience of the African and the imposition of colonial values on the African worldview are factors that indeed had provided the impetus and even motivation for much of the literary production in the continent. This essay traces specifically the issue of religious ideology/conflict from Achebe through Ngugi to Adichie. It attempts to show that in the successful execution of her goals and objectives in Purple Hibiscus, Chimamanda Adichie mounts the rostrum reserved for the African masters of the art. In this novel, she, in addition to other things, shows the wickedness perpetrated by overzealous African converts who often demand and expect (from their dependants) the degree of self-negation which Soyinka has identified as cultural hostility. The essay further posits that in the celebration of Nigerian history, even when ‘temporarily dislocated’, as well as our legitimate niche in the Commonwealth of Nations, as she has done in Half of a Yellow Sun, Adichie educates non-Africans and alienated Africans about the indomitable African spirit.
Program Life for Africa
Authors: Carrera José M , Cararach Vicenc , Carrapato Manuel R , Castella Francesc
Published: November 2011

Life for Africa is an international cooperation program that was developed by Matres Mundi International. It aims to improve the critical situation of maternal and infant health in Africa by improving the number and training of health professionals, particularly in the area of the maternal and infant health. The program, which is sponsored by the majority of the international societies of perinatal medicine (the International Academy of Perinatal Medicine, the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, etc.), consists of the creation of an International School of Perinatal Medicine for Africa and a Reference Hospital for Mothers and Children in Addis Abeba, capital of the African Union. This paper will discuss the reasons in favor of this project and will describe the details and the current situation. It will also provide information about the ‘exploratory mission’ that several members of Matres Mundi and the international societies made to Addis Abeba.