bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Rocha Natalia Pessoa , Liu Andy , Anderson Karen , Furr Stimming Erin
Published: September 2022

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene on chromosome 4p16.3. The result is an abnormally long polyglutamine repeat in the huntingtin protein (HTT), which will aggregate in neuronal nuclei, cytoplasm, dendrites, and axon terminals. Striatal degeneration is the main change observed in HD brains, and although HTT misfold and aggregation is regarded as the pathological hallmark of HD, the mechanisms underlying neuronal death/dysfunction in HD are not completely understood. Clinically, HD is traditionally defined as a movement disorder, as its formal diagnosis is based on the unequivocal presence of otherwise unexplained extrapyramidal motor symptoms, mainly chorea, dystonia, and parkinsonism. However, HD is characterized not only by motor but also cognitive and behavioral features. This chapter presents the clinical picture of HD, including the treatments currently available to mitigate the symptoms of this devastating disease, as well as the preclinical and clinical trials focused on disease-modifying therapies for HD.
Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Amran Albert Y. , Bukhbinder Avram S. , Schulz Paul E.
Published: September 2022

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is defined by its involvement of the frontal and temporal lobes. It has recently become apparent, however, that it is not a single disease. Instead, multiple underlying pathologies and genetic mutations can present clinically and pathologically affecting these lobes. Diagnosis can be difficult because, in addition to its well-known cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal symptoms, FTD can also involve motor systems in multiple ways such that it can be confused with isolated motor neuron disease, Huntington’s disease, or even Parkinsonian syndromes. The goals of this chapter are to discuss the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of FTD, their neuropsychologic findings, the FTD phenotypes and how they relate to their pathologic and genetic underpinnings, and the myriad motor system findings that occur in a significant percentage of patients, and how they are associated with the different forms of FTD.
Childhood Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Paris Joel
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the long-term effects of childhood trauma, placing them in a broader biopsychosocial perspective. Strong evidence has shown that trauma does not necessarily involve distinct life events but rather long-term patterns of family dysfunction, and that the most important form of child maltreatment tends to be emotional neglect. These pathways are complex but can be partly explained by attachment theory; however, the idea that earlier experiences are more pathogenic is challenged. The chapter also shows that most children are resilient to adversity and go on to have a productive adult life; however, a significant minority who are more sensitive are more likely to develop symptoms later in development.
Trauma and the Science of Memory
Authors: Paris Joel
Published: September 2022

This chapter is a critique of theories that posttraumatic stress disorder in adults can be caused by childhood adversities that are not remembered. Instead, research shows that traumatic memories are particularly likely to be remembered. Recovered memories are probably an artefact of therapies in which patients are strongly encouraged to report them. There is little evidence for the concept that repression and dissociation can suppress memories of trauma, or that they need to be “recovered” in psychotherapy. The author shows that the methods used to recover lost memories represent a form of pseudoscience, and offers a strong critique of the concepts behind the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.
Cardiopulmonary
Authors: Adhikari Sapana P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter includes various illustrations that pertain to the cardiopulmonary system. The images depict bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis and pedal edema. Further images depict a normal chest pain evaluation, a heart attack, an irregular heartbeat, pericarditis and pericardial effusion, congestive heart failure and its causes. The chapter ends with images of hypertension, hypertensive urgency, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, and poor circulation.
Orthopedics
Authors: Adhikari Sapana P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter includes various images that pertain to the orthopedic system. The first images depict different types of broken bones followed by an image that depict growth plate injury. The next images depict compression fracture, arthiritis, bursitis, rib fracture, pneumothorax, back pain, sacroiliitis, sciatica, cervical strain, motor vehicle accident, osteoarthritis, knee strain, joint diseases like gout and septic joint, Baker’s cyst, ankle pain, carpal tunnel syndrome and plantar fasciitis.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) – XV. Constraining the cosmic reionization at 5.5 < z < 7
Authors: Lu Ting-Yi , Goto Tomotsugu , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Santos Daryl Joe D , Wong Yi Hang Valerie , Kim Seong Jin , Hsiao Tiger Y-Y , Kilerci Ece , Ho Simon C-C , Nagao Tohru , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Onoue Masafusa , Toba Yoshiki ,   SHELLQs collaboration
Published: September 2022

Revealing the cosmic hydrogen reionization history is one of the main goals of the modern cosmology. z > 5 quasars (QSOs) have been used as back-lights to investigate the evolution of the intervening intergalactic medium (IGM) during the cosmic reionization since their first discovery. However, due to the small population of luminous QSOs (∼130 QSOs known to date), a tight constraint on the reionization history has not yet been placed. In this work, we aim to tighten the constraint using the 93 QSOs (5.5 < z < 7.1) recently discovered in the Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQS) project. This is the largest QSO sample used to constrain the epoch of reionization. We measure the mean IGM Ly α transmission and the QSO near-zone size using the UV spectra of these QSOs. The mean IGM Ly α transmission rises above zero at z ≲ 6, indicating the end of the reionization. The near-zone sizes of the SHELLQs QSOs are consistent with sizes spanned by QSOs of lifetime tq ∼ 1–100 Myr in simulations. Due to the scatter created by the low signal-to-noise spectra and large Ly α redshift uncertainty, we cannot conclude whether the redshift evolution of the near-zone size is affected by the reionization effect.
Wavelet analysis of the transient QPOs in MAXI J1535−571 with Insight-HXMT
Authors: Chen X , Wang W , Tian P F , Zhang P , Liu Q , Wu H J , Sai N , Huang Y , Song L M , Qu J L , Tao L , Zhang S , Lu F J , Zhang S N
Published: September 2022

Using wavelet analysis and power density spectrum, we investigate two transient quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in MAXI J1535−571 observed with Insight-HXMT. The transient QPOs have a centroid frequency of ∼10 Hz with an FWHM ∼0.6 Hz, and an rms amplitude $\sim 14{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Energy spectra of QPO and non-QPO regimes are also separated and analysed, and the spectra become softer with higher Ecut in the non-QPO regime compared to the QPO regime. Our results suggest that the transient QPOs detected in MJD 58016 and 58017 are still the type-C QPO, and the source remains in its HIMS. The duration of all type-C QPO signals based on wavelet is positively correlated with the mean count rate above ∼10 keV, implying appearance of QPOs in different time-scales should be coupled with the corona. The transient QPO properties could be related to the jet or flares, perhaps the partial ejection of the corona is responsible for the disappearance of the type-C QPO.
Breakdown of force-free electrodynamics in electric zones
Authors: Levinson Amir
Published: September 2022

It is shown that force-free electrodynamics (FFE) breaks down in regions where B2 − E2 < 0 (electric zones) even if ${\boldsymbol E}\cdot {\boldsymbol B} =0$. Spontaneous creation of such regions will inevitably lead to plasma oscillations that will subsequently decay over a few periods via anomalous heating and, under certain conditions, emission of high-energy quanta, until the system relaxes to a state in which B2 − E2 ≲ 0. For M87, assuming pair plasma, the inverse Compton cooling time is estimated to be shorter than the dynamical time when E2/B2 − 1 > (104/σ)2 roughly, where σ is the magnetization. If the electric zone is weak, the global system will maintain a nearly force-free state, however, the force-free condition, FμνJν = 0, will be broken at the order of the excess electric field and cannot describe wave dynamics. Our analysis does not support recent claims, that creation of electric zones can trigger a transition to force-free turbulence which, when generated in the ergosphere of a Kerr black hole, can lead to extraction of the black hole rotational energy. Whether some secondary electromagnetic modes produced in the decaying electric zone can extract the BH energy is yet an open question.
Unravelling morphological overlap of the rock-dwelling snails Pyramidula saxatilis (Hartmann, 1842) and P. pusilla (Vallot, 1801)
Authors: Horsák Michal , Líznarová Eva , Coufal Radovan , Nekola Jeffrey C , Horsáková Veronika
Published: September 2022

Pyramidula saxatilis and P. pusilla are two Central European rock-dwelling snail species that frequently co-occur and show substantial overlap in overall shell morphology. The two species can be separated from each other by differences in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA) sequences. Recent studies have not shown consistent differences between these species in shell shape but have suggested possible species-specific features in shell microstructure. We investigated this issue by studying variation in the microsculpture of the upper shell surface (based on five shells per population from a total of nine populations for each species) and by analysing the geometric morphometrics of shell shape (based on 51 individuals and 12 populations of P. saxatilis and 54 individuals and 14 populations of P. pusilla), with species identifications based on mtDNA and nDNA markers. While geometric morphometrics and canonical variance analysis did reveal some statistical differences in overall shell shape, these differences were too subtle to be consistently detected by the eye. However, the density and development of growth ridges on the upper shell surface of the two species were found to be statistically different, with P. saxatilis having denser and very regular ridges. As a final verification of the utility of shell miscrosculpture, we were able to separate these two species even in two mixed populations with highly overlapping shell phenotypes, the shell-based identifications being confirmed by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data for all of the collected individuals. We therefore recommend using shell microsculpture to distinguish these two species.
LncRNA-Smad7mediates cross-talk between Nodal/TGF-β and BMP signaling to regulate cell fate determination of pluripotent and multipotent cells
Authors: Kong Xiaohui , Yan Kun , Deng Pujuan , Fu Haipeng , Sun Hongyao , Huang Wenze , Jiang Shuangying , Dai Junbiao , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff , Liu Jun-jie Gogo , Xi Qiaoran
Published: September 2022

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily proteins are potent regulators of cellular development and differentiation. Nodal/Activin/TGF-β and BMP ligands are both present in the intra- and extracellular milieu during early development, and cross-talk between these two branches of developmental signaling is currently the subject of intense research focus. Here, we show that the Nodal induced lncRNA-Smad7 regulates cell fate determination via repression of BMP signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Depletion of lncRNA-Smad7 dramatically impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation in mESCs. Moreover, lncRNA-Smad7 represses Bmp2 expression through binding with the Bmp2 promoter region via (CA)12-repeats that forms an R-loop. Importantly, Bmp2 knockdown rescues defects in cardiomyocyte differentiation induced by lncRNA-Smad7 knockdown. Hence, lncRNA-Smad7 antagonizes BMP signaling in mESCs, and similarly regulates cell fate determination between osteocyte and myocyte formation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Moreover, lncRNA-Smad7 associates with hnRNPK in mESCs and hnRNPK binds at the Bmp2 promoter, potentially contributing to Bmp2 expression repression. The antagonistic effects between Nodal/TGF-β and BMP signaling via lncRNA-Smad7 described in this work provides a framework for understanding cell fate determination in early development.
RNADisease v4.0: an updated resource of RNA-associated diseases, providing RNA-disease analysis, enrichment and prediction
Authors: Chen Jia , Lin Jiahao , Hu Yongfei , Ye Meijun , Yao Linhui , Wu Le , Zhang Wenhai , Wang Meiyi , Deng Tingting , Guo Feng , Huang Yan , Zhu Bofeng , Wang Dong
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies have shown that RNA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases, and RNA-disease associations are not limited to noncoding RNAs in mammals but also exist for protein-coding RNAs. Furthermore, RNA-associated diseases are found across species including plants and nonmammals. To better analyze diseases at the RNA level and facilitate researchers in exploring the pathogenic mechanism of diseases, we decided to update and change MNDR v3.0 to RNADisease v4.0, a repository for RNA-disease association (http://www.rnadisease.org/ or http://www.rna-society.org/mndr/). Compared to the previous version, new features include: (i) expanded data sources and categories of species, RNA types, and diseases; (ii) the addition of a comprehensive analysis of RNAs from thousands of high-throughput sequencing data of cancer samples and normal samples; (iii) the addition of an RNA-disease enrichment tool and (iv) the addition of four RNA-disease prediction tools. In summary, RNADisease v4.0 provides a comprehensive and concise data resource of RNA-disease associations which contains a total of 3 428 058 RNA-disease entries covering 18 RNA types, 117 species and 4090 diseases to meet the needs of biological research and lay the foundation for future therapeutic applications of diseases.
Bread and Leaven in the Biblical and Patristic Tradition
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward
Published: September 2022

The debate concerning the type of bread to be used at the Eucharist, that is, whether it should be leavened or unleavened, finds its basis in three distinct historical/theological questions concerning the sacrament as found in Scripture and tradition. The first involves the meaning of “leaven” and whether it should be understood as a good or bad thing. The second, and perhaps most contentious issue, was the debate surrounding the date of the Last Supper, and whether the meal Jesus shared with the apostles before his death was a Passover meal eaten with unleavened bread. The third issue, related to the second, was the practice of the undivided church and what type of bread Christians used when “they came together and devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers”.
Purgatory in the Biblical and Patristic Tradition
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward
Published: September 2022

Catholic authors since the Middle Ages have maintained that although the word “Purgatory” itself is not present, the teaching that departed souls can be cleansed of their sins after death is “explicitly taught in Scripture … found in the writings of the early church fathers … [and] is part of the deposit of faith.” The Orthodox, while acknowledging the importance of prayers for the dead, remained unconvinced by this argument, and interpreted the writings of certain fathers (e.g., Gregory of Nyssa) on “the crucible of purifying fire” differently than their Catholic counterparts. Certain biblical texts lent themselves to this discussion, and these would become the battleground in the fight over Purgatory for the next thousand years.
How Families Resist the Carceral State and Move Toward Healing
Authors: Patricia O’Brien , Willison Judith S.
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes the long reach of criminalization and incarceration into the lives of children and their families, an impact little considered in the processes of carceral punishment. The chapter discusses some avenues for working with family members to maintain connections during incarceration and restore disrupted relationships. The chapter also examines the right to parent and resilience in families impacted by the carceral state. Anti-oppressive social workers support investing in vulnerable communities to expand educational and employment opportunities for youth and adults and to ensure access to quality medical, mental health, and substance use services that address significant drivers of criminalization.
Dear Naseem
Authors: Sufia Hossain Begum
Published: September 2022

In a letter written to Naseem, doctor Azam confesses his love for Sara, one of his patients. He recollects how he met Sara and the memorable time he had spent with her. But, one day, Sara leaves him without saying anything. Begum Sufia Hossain’s “Dear Naseem” (translated from Bengali) which first appeared in Saogat, an early twentieth-century Bengali women’s journal, in 1934, deals with the theme of unfulfilled desires and love. From his self-chosen exile, the doctor explains the reasons for his running away and not marrying the addressee’s sister, Zubaida through a letter. The story underscores the question of “choices” that men and women have in a relationship.
Zakat
Authors: Tabassum Wajeda
Published: September 2022

Wajeda Tabassum’s “Zakat” is a story about a Nawab from Hyderabad- Zain Yar Jung, who is known for his generosity. He falls in love with a woman from a poor family and although the parents initially do not want to marry their child to the Nawab, they are forced to eventually give in. At a gathering, when the Nawab shows off his new bride to his friends, the bride retorts saying that the Nawab has always provided for people but today she has given him her youth and beauty as zakat (charity). The story sheds light on the power dynamics that are subtly overturned by the woman and questions the various power structures that emerge within the story.
Chappals
Authors: Aboobacker Sara
Published: September 2022

Something has happened to Samira; she has changed. For the last few days, she has been on a roller-coaster ride of emotions. An inexplicable loathing for life seemed to have possessed her. Concerned with her daughter’s strange behaviour, Samira’s mother summons a female exorcist to cure her daughter.
A Day in the Labour Room
Authors: Bano Jeelani
Published: September 2022

Several female patients visit the hospital in which the narrator is on duty. She thinks about each of them: a teenage pregnant girl, a thin and frail pregnant woman who is hesitant to abort her foetus, and a dead body of a married woman – the physical and mental conditions of these patients persuade her to contemplate the status and the rights of woman in society. Narrated by a lady doctor, Jeelani Bano’s poignant short story "A Day in the Labour Room" deals with an ordinary day in the narrator's life. It focuses on themes of the physical and mental health of women and raises questions pertaining to pregnancy, abortion, and the rights of women over their bodies.
Azrael
Authors: Zuhara BM
Published: September 2022

Every night at the hospital, Ayesha is haunted by the thoughts of her death. She imagines her negotiations with Azrael, the angle of Death. She wishes to go back to her routine life. She wants to be close to her children, her family, and not die at the hospital. BM Zuhara’s “Azrael” reflects upon the crucial role that women play in society. She depicts the life of a common woman whose worries and dreams are etched within the domestic sphere. The story also narrates the Islamic beliefs regarding death and afterlife.
Origin
Authors: Ali Semeen
Published: September 2022

Semeen Ali’s “Origins” is a story about the relationship that a granddaughter shares with her grandmother. It is a compendium of snapshot memories, that the one from the younger generation is left with. The account brings up moments from the life of her grandmother, as seen and observed, by the granddaughter, that question a lot of stereotypes that seem to circulate around women coming from a specific background and culture. It aims to also look at how a generation learns to, or at times turns into, a remnant of the dying one. That a connection is forged by bonds of familial runs deep down and how the very structures one discovers/questions regarding a generation, turn out to be the ones that one is riddled with, as one grows older. The narrative is a tribute to the author’s grandmother and turns into an inner journey of the self- trying to discover and accept/discard beliefs as well as how it becomes one of the pieces of the every growing puzzle called identity.
The Sunset
Authors: Khatun Kajol Sulema
Published: September 2022

March 1971. The border security forces have organised a White Flag meeting at the no man's land between India and East Pakistan. People who migrated to the other side of the border in the wake of the 1947 partition are eager to meet their relatives who were left behind. But they only have two hours to meet each other. The Bengali short story "The Sunset" by Sulema Khatun Kajol captures the sea of emotions that flood the minds and lives of villagers on this special day. It focuses on the psychological and social dimensions of the trauma of the Partition. Translated from Bengali by Arzuman Ara
Blue-Winged Girls
Authors: Tabassum Nihan Husn
Published: September 2022

While waiting for her boyfriend Rohit at the railway station, Razia, a Muslim girl from a conservative family, is thinking about all the possible outcomes of her decision. She has decided to run away from her home but her boyfriend hasn’t come yet. What would happen to her if he doesn’t come? Husn Tabassum Nihan’s "Blue-Winged Girls" deals with the themes of interfaith love and the status of women in contemporary society. It shows how young girls like Razia are mustering up the courage to rebel against societal norms. Translated from Hindi by Haris Qadeer
The Hindustan Times Limited: Marching Forward with a Mission
Authors: Dahiya Surbhi
Published: September 2022

Hindustan Times—the very name itself exudes a subtle hue of intoxicating patriotism, and so has been its journey (quite peculiar, to say the least) on the path of truth telling, all through the 20th-century British Raj up until the political scenario of today. As the author analyses the genesis of this behemoth which began as a Delhi-centric paper by the Akalis in 1924, and recognized the presence of Sikh patriotism, following its trail which leads into 2019, she realizes that the organization has undergone a sea of changes, which are nothing short of revolutionary. The idea behind the start of the paper was to rouse the nationalistic sentiments among the masses through its writing. The Akalis also wanted to propagate the ideals of Sikhism through the paper to draw strength and inspiration from the ideals of Sikhism, so that they stayed motivated to fight for the cause of freedom. To reflect upon this and its subsequent effects, she looks into how the media house worked as a vehicle for change that sought to loosen the iron grip of the colonizers, and how it successfully soldiered on with its rousing words until India gained independence. No one could have predicted at the time that Hindustan Times was to become one of India’s most popular English dailies. The Hindustan Times changed ownership multiple times to finally stabilize under the patronage of the Birlas, who have since been the owners of the HT Group of companies. Post-independence, the chapter chronologically follows the changing patterns the organization undertook, as audience interests became important in a market that was fast moving from a social to a monetary field. Also mentioned at length are the motivations and inspiring stories of the people at HT, who derived from the past, and managed the group’s businesses in information, education, and entertainment in print (both newspapers and magazines), radio, and digital mediums, leading them to exponential growth and multifaceted diversification. The group has grown to establish a longstanding empire that has seen innumerable changes in various segments, and the author decodes this entire process by evaluating these changes in view of including design, layout, content, ownership, distribution, circulation, technology, geo-political launches, pricing strategies, visionary leadership, and changes in ownership. Additionally, the chapter talks about the impact of digitization on Hindustan Times and how they have adapted to it by modifying their growth and business models, making references to their annual reports and financial reviews. The author, in this book, seeks to analyse this roller coaster of a journey that has been undertaken by the HT Group after talking to Shobhana Bhartia, listing down her observations regarding the same. In presenting a holistic development map of Hindustan Times to her readers, the author gives them a glimpse of how India itself has progressed over the years.
The Policy Challenges of Incarceration and Health
Authors: Schnittker Jason , Massoglia Michael , Uggen Christopher
Published: September 2022

Given how the relationship between incarceration and health is sustained by legal, social, political, and institutional factors, mitigating the health effects of incarceration will not be easy. This chapter outlines the challenges to reducing the consequences of incarceration for health and for improving health care delivery in and outside prisons. Because the responsibilities of the prison system formally end when a person is released, reform will require integrated and multisectoral reforms. In addition, it necessitates thinking more broadly about the needs of people in prison, including greater recognition of the challenges of mental illness, as it is now situated precariously at the intersection of medicine and criminal justice. This situation presents both an opportunity and a challenge, though some programs have been successful.
Dancing Global Hip Hop
Authors: Johnson Imani Kai
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 draws our attention to the ways that difference is dealt with discursively—displaced onto conversations about moves—and negotiated alongside tradition or “foundation” among breakers around the world. In contrast to an idealized multiculturalism that elides difference, breakers’ own articulations of their relationships to the dance hearken back to the culture’s Africanist qualities, which help to bring breaking’s transnational scenes “on the one.” With insights from Q Rock, Frostalino, Hanifa Queen, Profo Won, and Rokafella, this chapter explores how the everyday ways that breakers negotiate differences in race, ethnicity, gender, and nationality can tell us something important about the on-the-ground tensions that can play out in coalitional political projects that share a similar set of differences. It opens with “Circles or Cyphers,” an account of a circle that was not a cypher in Germany.
Playfulness, “World”-Traveling, and Loving Perception
Authors: Lugones María
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers the ontological implications of encountering varying levels of intelligibility when one traverses social structures, such as when one immigrates to a new culture or works in a place with people of a different economic class than one’s own. This chapter terms this phenomenon “world-traveling,” which the chapter understands as the shift in self-experience that occurs when an oppressed person moves from an environment where she is readily perceived as an active subject to one where she is perceived as a passive instrument of others’ wills and desires. Such a situation opens on an ontological paradox because it seems that the same person is capable of possessing two contradictory attributes at the same time. The chapter explains how this paradoxical situation could obtain by arguing that attributes of consciousness are world-dependent. It concludes that the self is actually “a plurality of selves” and that the structure of subjectivity is neither unitary, universal, nor ahistorical.
Enactivism and Gender Performativity
Authors: Butnor Ashby , MacKenzie Matthew
Published: September 2022

The enactivist paradigm of embodied cognition represents a powerful alternative to Cartesian and cognitivist approaches in the philosophy of mind. On this view, the body plays a constitutive role in the integrated functioning of perception, affect, and other cognitive processes. Enactivism shares many of the central themes of feminist theory, and is extended to apply to social and political concerns. Following a discussion of the key components of the enactive approach, this chapter applies it to explain more complex social manifestations, specifically gender performance and its reproduction through time. By employing Judith Butler’s notion of performativity, the chapter argues that gender, as one marker of social identity and difference, emerges through processes of embodied and embedded sense-making as articulated by enactive theory. More attention to embodied and embedded values allows for the interruption and transformation of histories of oppressive practices and opens the door to more liberatory possibilities.
“Moral Horticulture”
Authors: Evans Christopher H.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines Frances Willard’s career as president of the Evanston College for Ladies and as dean of the Woman’s College of Northwestern University between 1871 and 1874. The chapter examines Willard’s leadership as a college administrator and how she sought to craft a distinctive model of women’s higher education. Her time at the college also introduced her to important reformers who later became Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) colleagues, including Mary Livermore. While poor finances forced the college to merge with Northwestern University, Willard became embroiled in a conflict with Northwestern’s president: her former fiancé, Charles Fowler. Willard’s years as a college president and dean highlight themes of what she called “moral horticulture,” stressing women’s piety and their unique leadership attributes—themes she would later adapt in the WCTU.
“Wanderer on the Face of the Earth”
Authors: Evans Christopher H.
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the beginning of Frances Willard’s work in the woman’s temperance movement, in 1874 and 1875. It highlights the impact of the Woman’s Crusade of 1873–1874, started by a group of Hillsboro, Ohio, women led by Eliza Thompson. These women inaugurated months-long campaigns across the country whereby women led public protests designed to close saloons, getting proprietors to sign “the pledge” to abstain from selling alcoholic beverages. These campaigns led temperance women to hold an organizational meeting at the Chautauqua Institution in western New York, leading to the founding of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in November 1874. The chapter discusses Willard’s early “gospel temperance” work with the WCTU and highlights her relationship with the WCTU’s first president, Annie Wittenmyer.
The Origins and Ends of Music
Authors: McDonald Christie
Published: September 2022

Shortly before his death, Proust wrote that A la recherche du temps perdu would one day be understood as a monument to Montaigne’s Essays and Jean-Jacques’s Confessions. Is it not curious, then, that of all the literary, philosophical, and artistic references in the novel, the two great lacunae are Montaigne and Rousseau, both of whom mixed autobiography with philosophical and social reflection? In fact, Proust’s discussion of Wagner contains a covert reference to Rousseau who, like Proust, shared a fascination with both life writing and music. The Rousseau-Proust musical connection lies in their focus on sensations, temporal understanding, and memory. Proust’s counter to Rousseau is indebted to the original musical sense of “counter” that sings as an accompaniment to a melody and that works as both engagement and response.
Proust’s Intermittent Seriality, or What Is a Literary Event?
Authors: Bray Patrick
Published: September 2022

Proust’s monumental novel has often been described as the last great French novel of the nineteenth century, the heir to Balzac’s and Zola’s massive novel series. The fact that Proust’s novel inherits many technical aspects from these writers but marks a departure from them has been interpreted as the shift to French modernism or as the turning point between the novel of the nineteenth century and that of the twentieth century. Proust’s novel’s intermittences, in style, structure, and theme, create their own patterns, and so the seriality of In Search of Lost Time may, in the end, have nothing to do with what came before it or what comes after it, but in how its internal ruptures and repetitions require us to read it again and again—this book that is never the same, lacking in internal coherence, this book that reflects time passing with each successive reading.
Swann’s Medical Philosophy
Authors: Moran Richard
Published: September 2022

At one point in the midst of his agonies of obsessive jealousy over Odette, Swann is described as coming to a realization about his love and his suffering that is both philosophical and therapeutic, and which will be part of his equipment for living ever afterward. The description of romantic love as a “malady” is perhaps as old as Western literature itself, but it has several layers of significance in the novel. Swann’s attainment of a medical perspective on his love and jealousy reframes it as a disease whose reality concerns him alone, has its origin only in himself, and not as a form of relatedness to something or someone outside of himself. This medical philosophy holds much in common with the philosophical pessimism popular in Proust’s day, a philosophy which held that emotional disturbances like jealousy should be viewed as an internal disease that would eventually run its course.
Isolating the Normative Power
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 2 begins by employing the mechanistic approach described in Chapter 1. First, it distinguishes between three kinds of moral powers that are all sometimes called “permissive consent.” The scope of the discussion is limited to just one of these—the moral power through which an individual can revoke permission throughout the period that spans the scope of their consent. The chapter calls this authority-retaining permissive consent. It goes on to distinguish between three different types of moral grounding for the authority that gives rise to consent-sensitive duties. It again narrows the subject of investigation to that authority grounded in domains of entitlement—domains wherein the relationship between an individual and the features of the domain give rise to the individual’s entitlement. The chapter calls this moral power authority-retaining permissive consent. I present a very limited theory of rights to employ throughout the book: domain rights.
The Question of Dynamics
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 3 describes the existing answer to the question: what happens at the metaphysical level to a moral right when we exercise the moral power of mere permissive consent? The chapter calls this the question of dynamics. The widespread answer in the literature is: we consent by waiving our rights. The chapter explains why this answer is descriptively inaccurate or misleading and has led to some conceptual problems that have plagued the philosophy of consent. It argues that these inaccuracies are responsible for a problem that Susan Brison and other feminists have identified, wherein philosophers tend to describe rape as “sex-minus-consent.” The chapter offers an alternative answer to the question of dynamics that is both descriptively accurate and avoids the theoretical concerns of the feminists. It also describes the varieties of authority to which one might be entitled over the behavior of another person in one’s own domain.
Invasive Wrongdoing
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 characterizes the two central wrongings involved in the violations of domain rights. One wronging is called the “Divergence Strike,” and is characterized by a deprivation suffered by the domain right-holder—a deprivation consisting in the setbacks to her interests that are attributable to the divergence between the violator’s behavior in her domain and the scope of the right-holder’s consent regarding the violator’s behavior. It discusses the various metrics by which we can measure the divergence and argues that the extent of the violation and its severity hinges on these measurements. The second, central wronging is called the “Standing Strike” because it is characterized by the way a rights violation creates a mismatch between a right-holder’s actual, moral standing and her effective moral standing. In describing this mismatch, the chapter appeals to the varieties of effective authority described in Chapter 3.
How Consent is Rendered
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 5 asks: what human behavior counts as permissive consent? How can an individual block another person’s behavior from constituting a Divergence Strike and a Standing Strike, the wrongings described in Chapter 4? The chapter proposes two methods of rendering consent. A domain right-holder can render consent through a process called Effective Signaling. This requires a right-holder to launch a signal that they believe enables the other person to enter or act within the domain respectfully. Next, the chapter describes a rendering process called “procurement.” This requires a right-holder to steer another into their own domain—not by affecting the other’s practical deliberations, but through physical force or manipulation that bypasses the other’s rational deliberation. Neither consent-rendering process requires a domain right-holder to engage in successful communication. However, neither consent-rendering process happens entirely in the private mind of the consenter—as some theorists hold.
A Limited-Scope Analysis of Misinformation, Deception, and Permissive Consent
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 7 describes a variety of existing views about the effects of misinformation and deception on permissive consent. Most of these explanations appeal to the mismatch generated between one person’s actions—which are only permissible if undertaken with a right-holder’s consent—and the intended scope of the right-holder’s consent. It explains that much of the disagreement in this literature has to do with what intentions and beliefs play a role in shaping the scope of consent. The chapter investigates two broad categories of consent under misinformation: (i) the active deception of a prospective consent-giver in cases wherein the consent-recipient is morally responsible for that deception; (ii) misinformation or missing information suffered by a prospective consent-giver for which the consent-recipient is not morally responsible. The analysis is tied directly to the processes required to prevent a Divergence Strike and a Standing Strike, as they are described in Chapter 4.
Consent under Volitional Coercion
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 8 investigates a variety of theories concerning the relationship between coercion and consent. Why does a mugger’s gun, pressed to the head of his victim, undermine the victim’s consent when he hands over his wallet? A popular type of explanation is one that can be called “moral debilitation,” by which the coercer’s act restricts the victim’s options in a way that renders him unable to exercise his moral authority—and so he cannot imbue an act like “handing over his wallet” with permissive consent. The threat disables him from wielding his moral power. The chapter argues that this approach faces a variety of problems. It develops a theory of the relationship between coercion and consent that starts with the question: how does compliance to coercion ever constitute consent? The chapter explains the process by which this feat is possible, and then picks out the threats that stymie the process.
Coercion and Nearby Moral Phenomena
Authors: Liberto Hallie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 9 explores consent that is motivated by types of coercion not considered in Chapter 8—consent to minor threats, emotional threats—it also considers alternative forms of manipulation like seduction and exploitative offers. This final chapter is mostly an expansion of the theory developed explaining the relationship between coercion and consent in the previous chapter. It presents a defense of the view that consent is all or nothing—it cannot be partially rendered. This final chapter, raises theoretical suggestions for a variety of topics rather than arriving at a set of conclusions about each varied moral phenomenon. Instead of narrowing the scope of the book’s theory, as in previous chapters, it demonstrates how the theory of coercion and consent can be applied more broadly and raise interesting problems for other moral inquiries.
Comprehensive Liberalism
Authors: Tahzib Collis
Published: September 2022

This chapter explains that there are two main variants of anti-perfectionist liberalism: ‘comprehensive liberalism’ and ‘political liberalism’. It characterizes the distinction between these two kinds of liberal theory by explaining that comprehensive liberals tend to be concerned with the normative implications of autonomy, whereas political liberals tend to be concerned with the normative implications of reasonable disagreement. The chapter goes on to outline some of the most prominent versions of comprehensive liberalism, namely Kantian liberalism, Millian liberalism and Ronald Dworkin’s ‘challenge model of ethics’, in a way that brings to the fore the anti-perfectionist implications of these conceptions of liberalism.
Perfectionist Principles of Justice
Authors: Tahzib Collis
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the principles of justice most appropriate for regulating a society conceived of as a fair striving for human flourishing between free and equal citizens. Using an original position device, the author argues that parties in a suitably revised original position—one that better models considerations that matter from the perfectionist point of view—would select a principle of justice that calls for the promotion of flourishing ways of life subject to the satisfaction of other lexically prior principles of justice. This argument is defended against two objections: that considerations of human flourishing are too controversial to shape the principles of social justice and that the argument from the perfectionist original position is in some way redundant or needlessly convoluted.
Go past the King
Authors: Arft Justin
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 offers a reinterpretation of Alkinoos’ perception and social reception of Odysseus, both of which culminate in his famous request for the stranger’s name, which itself serves as a challenge to Arete’s question. The performance space of Odyssey 8, framed as a competitive festival, allows for generic experimentation and agonism between Odysseus and Alkinoos as they use song sequencing techniques to shift the direction and content of Odysseus’ tale either toward or away from the epic’s telos. In this setting, Alkinoos expresses a challenging, if not misguided assumption that Odysseus must face, that the Trojan War was designed to generate everlasting songs in which an audience should delight. Chapter 4 closes with a novel structural analysis of Alkinoos’ highly atypical request for the stranger’s name in which he manipulates kinship categories in his hopes of revealing the stranger’s Trojan War renown.
Bounded operators
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami
Published: September 2022

This chapter is devoted to the basics of bounded operator theory and its category. Two theorems about bounded operators between normed spaces—the uniform boundedness theorem and the open mapping theorem—are proved here. These two theorems comprise two of the three basic principles of linear functional analysis (the third is the Hahn–Banach lemma). One of their many consequences is the closed graph theorem. We also discuss quotients of normed spaces. It then introduces the strong and the weak operator topologies and study continuity of linear functionals with respect to them. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
Hilbert spaces
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami
Published: September 2022

Chapter 8 continues the study of Hilbert spaces that was started with the discussion about the topic presented in Chapter 1. It begins by introducing and explaining the central notions that surround orthonormal sets and orthonormal bases, and continues with describing aspects of projections. It covers the Hilbert dimension, as well as the isomorphism of Hilbert spaces. It presents two basic ways to construct Hilbert spaces—direct sums and tensor products (here it covers tensors products as regards both vector spaces and Hilbert spaces), before which it covers the canonical model. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
C*-algebras
Authors: Kantorovitz Shmuel , Viselter Ami
Published: September 2022

Continuing on from where the topic was introduced in Chapter 7, this chapter focuses exclusively on the topic of C*-algebras. One highlight of this chapter is the non-commutative Gelfand–Naimark theorem, which states that every C*-algebra has a faithful representation on some Hilbert space. The chapter discusses notation and examples, and further covers the continuous operational calculus. It investigates *-homomorphisms, positivity of elements, approximate identities, ideals, positive linear functionals, representations, and the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction, and its representation associated with a state. We also discuss pure states and two decomposition theorems. Finally, the chapter offer exercises to challenge the reader.
The Natural Rate of Interest
Authors: Beenstock Michael
Published: September 2022

The natural rate of interest has attracted only minor empirical attention. The attention that it has attracted has been exclusively with Woodford’s equilibrium rate of interest rather than with Wicksell’s definition of the natural rate of interest as measured by the return on capital. Statistical offices in the US, the UK and Israel publish data for the return to capital. However, most don’t. National income accounting methods for measuring operating surpluses and capital are reviewed. Data from national statistical offices in several countries have been used to construct data on their returns to capital. These data show that ZIP, which was expected to boost investment and reduce the return to capital, failed to do so. Under the New Abnormal, a major disconnect between the natural and money rates of interest has emerged. There is an elephant in the room, which Neo-Wicksellians have ironically failed to notice.