bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative detection of trace malachite green in aquiculture water samples by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Fang Xiaowei , Yang Shuiping , Chingin Konstantin , Zhu Liang , Zhang Xinglei , Zhou Zhiquan , Zhao Zhanfeng
Published: August 2016

Exposure to malachite green (MG) may pose great health risks to humans, thus it is of prime importance to develop fast and robust methods to quantitatively screen the presence malachite green in environment. Herein application of extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) has been extended to the trace detection of MG within lake water and aquiculture water, due to the intensive use of MG as biocide in fisheries. This method has the advantage of obviating offline liquid-liquid extraction or tedious matrix separation prior to the measurement of malachite green in native aqueous medium. The experimental results indicate that the extrapolated detection limit for MG was ~3.8 ug L-1 (S/N=3) in lake water samples and ~ 0.5 ug L-1 in ultrapure water under optimized experimental conditions. The signal intensity of MG showed good linearity over the concentration range of 10–5000 ug L-1. Measurement of practical water samples fortified with MG at 0.01 and 0.1 mg L-1 gave a good validation of the established calibration curve. The average recoveries of malachite green in lake water and Carassius carassius fish farm effluent water were 114.9% (6.6% RSD) and 85.4% (9.2% RSD), respectively. Overall, the established EESI-MS/MS method has been demonstrated suitable for sensitive and rapid (
Difference between Serum BNP Admission Level and that Detected at Discharge in Patients with ADHF Predicts Six-Month Mortality in a More Reliable Manner with Respect to Isolated BNP Determination Taken on Admission
Authors: De Vecchis Renato , Ariano Carmelina , Baldi Cesare
Published: August 2016

Background According to some authors, a single isolated measurement of serum BNP executed on hospital admission would not be a sufficiently accurate method to predict the outcome of patients with ADHF. Aims For verifying this assumption, a retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized for ADHF. Our main objective was to ascertain whether there was any difference in midterm mortality among patients with rising BNP at discharge as compared to those with decreasing BNP at discharge. Methods Medical records were examined so as to make a partition of the ADHF patient population into two groups, the former characterized by a rise in BNP during hospitalization, and the latter exhibiting a decrease in BNP in the measurement taken at hospital discharge. Results 177 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. Among them, 53 patients (29.94%) had increased BNPs at the time of discharge, whereas 124 (70.06%) showed decreases in serum BNP during their hospital stay. The group with patients who exhibited BNP increases at the time of discharge had higher degree of congestion evident in the higher frequency of persistent jugular venous distention and persistent orthopnea at discharge. Moreover, patients with increased BNP at the time of discharge had a lower reduction in inferior vena cava maximum diameter [1.58 ± 2.2 mm vs. 6.32 ± 1.82 mm; p (one-way ANOVA)=0.001]. In contrast, there was no significant difference in weight loss when patients with increased BNP at discharge were compared to those with no such increase. A total of 14 patients (7.9%) died during the six-month follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that BNP increase at the time of discharge was an independent predictor of six-month all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sodium at discharge, creatinine at discharge and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class at discharge (hazard ratio 34.49; 95% confidence intervals: 4.55–261.06; P =0.001). Conclusions Among patients with history of ADHF, more elevated BNP levels at the time of discharge from the hospital compared to those detected at admission identify a patient subset with higher grade of congestion and higher six-month mortality.
Intestinal Organoids—Current and Future Applications
Authors: Meneses Andre M. C. , Schneeberger Kerstin , Kruitwagen Hedwig S. , Penning Louis C. , Steenbeek Frank G. van , Burgener Iwan , Spee Bart
Published: August 2016

Recent technical advances in the stem cell field have enabled the in vitro generation of complex structures resembling whole organs termed organoids. Most of these approaches employ culture systems that allow stem cell-derived or tissue progenitor cells to self-organize into three-dimensional (3D)-structures. Since organoids can be grown from various species, organs and from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, they create significant prospects for modelling development and diseases, for toxicology and drug discovery studies, and in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we report on intestinal stem cells, organoid culture, organoid disease modeling, transplantation, current and future uses of this exciting new insight model to veterinary medicine field.
An Extremely Efficient Boundary Element Method for Wave Interaction with Long Cylindrical Structures Based on Free-Surface Green’s Function
Authors: Liu Yingyi , Gou Ying , Teng Bin
Published: August 2016

The present study aims to develop an efficient numerical method for computing the diffraction and radiation of water waves with horizontal long cylindrical structures, such as floating breakwaters. A higher-order scheme is used to discretize geometry of the structure as well as the relevant physical quantities. As the kernel of this method, Wehausen’s free-surface Green function is calculated by a newly-developed Gauss-Kronrod adaptive quadrature algorithm after elimination of its Cauchy-type singularities. To improve computational efficiency, a Chebyshev approximation approach is applied to a fast calculation of the Green function that needs evaluation thousands of times. In addition, OpenMP parallel technique is used to the formation of influence coefficient matrix, which significantly reduces CPU time. Finally, computations are performed on wave exciting forces and hydrodynamic coefficients for the long cylindrical structures, either floating or submerged. Comparison with other numerical and analytical methods demonstrates good performance of the present method.
Drilling Modeling and Simulation: Current State and Future Goals
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: August 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 173045, “Drilling Modeling and Simulation: Current State and Future Goals,” by Junichi Sugiura, SPE, Schlumberger; Robello Samuel, SPE, Halliburton; Joachim Oppelt, SPE, Baker Hughes; G.P. Ostermeyer, SPE, Braunschweig Technical University; John Hedengren, SPE, Brigham Young University; and Paul Pastusek, SPE, ExxonMobil, prepared for the 2015 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, London, 17–19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The process of drilling a borehole is very complex, involving surface and downhole drilling systems that interact with the drilling fluid and the surrounding rocks. Modeling and simulating every aspect of the drilling process and drilling system is still considered too complex to be realized. However, many areas of modeling and simulation are undergoing aggressive development, and the advancement of this technology may dramatically improve future attempts to model and simulate the entire drilling process accurately.

Introduction

Drilling modeling and simulation (DMS) involves modeling and simulating the behavior of drilling systems or processes. DMS should provide crucial information about drilling systems or processes without actually constructing a well.

DMS methods are designed to help enhance drilling efficiency, productivity, and performance; manage various risks effectively; and consequently improve personal safety.

Recently, many DMS software applications have come to be used in the predrilling stage as well as in real time. In an operations phase, models are returned and rerun to obtain the best predictions of drilling systems.

Drillstring-Dynamics Models

A recent review of the current progress and future needs for drillstring dynamics suggested that new monitoring and control solutions may be enabled by the adoption of wired drillpipe by offering high-speed telemetry up to 500 kbit/sec or high-frequency data logging up to 1400 Hz. Future work that remains for drillstring dynamics is development of coupled vibration models, validation of existing models with laboratory and rig data, model-based automation solutions, and improved predictions of damage from severe vibration, whirl, and bump events.

Recently, it has become feasible to model the dynamic behavior of a drillstring in great detail (Fig. 1) and be fairly confident that the resulting motion is representative if all the input parameters for the model (e.g., interfacial relationship between drillstring, rock, and fluid) are known precisely.

In practice, one can only know these parameters to within certain bounds. Within these bounds, a wide range of behaviors is possible, from benign to possibly catastrophic, depending on the design of the drillstring. Consequently, all predictions boil down to a comprehensive parameter-sensitivity analysis.
Anais do 6º Congresso da FOA - UNESP
Authors: UNESP FOA
Published: August 2016

O 6° Congresso da FOA-UNESP, 36° Jornada Acadêmica  "Prof. Francisco Antônio Bertoz", 12° Simpósio de Pós-Graduação "Prof. Orlando Saliba", 8°Encontro do CAOE - será realizado nos dias 12 a 14 de maio de 2016. Este evento, já tradicional, ocorrerá no Campus da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” UNESP, com apresentações de trabalhos de pesquisa, casos clínicos e relatos de experiências, na forma oral e de painéis, das diversas áreas da odontologia. Constam também na programação: palestras, cursos, simpósio, feira de expositores. Voltado para acadêmicos, pós-graduandos, professores e cirurgiões-dentistas, tem como objetivos a divulgação de pesquisas científicas e a atualização profissional, pela possibilidade de discussão de temas atuais pertinentes à Odontologia. Neste ano, o Congresso homenageia os professores Titulares Orlando Saliba e Francisco Antônio Bertoz, que muito contribuíram para a consolidação da FOA- Unesp, como uma Instituição de Ensino de excelência.
Transformación del Q-Learning para el Aprendizaje en Agentes JADE
Authors: Cepero-Pérez Nayma , Moreno-Espino Mailyn
Published: August 2016

El aumento de la interacción entre los sistemas informáticos ha modificado la forma tradicional de analizarlos y desarrollarlos. La necesidad de la interacción entre los componentes del sistema es cada vez más importante para poder resolver tareas conjuntas, que de forma individual serían muy costosas o incluso imposibles de desarrollar. Los sistemas multi-agente ofrecen una arquitectura interesante y completa para ejecutar tareas distribuidas que cooperan entre sí. La creación de un sistema multi-agente o un agente requiere de gran esfuerzo por lo que se han adoptado métodos como los patrones de implementación. El patrón Proactive Obsever_JADE permite crear los agentes e incluirle en cada uno comportamientos dotados de inteligencia que pueden evolucionar utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje automático. El aprendizaje por refuerzo es una técnica del aprendizaje automático que permite a los agentes aprender a través de interacciones de prueba y error, en un ambiente dinámico. El aprendizaje por refuerzo en sistemas multi-agente ofrece nuevos retos derivados de la distribución del aprendizaje, como pueden ser la necesidad de la coordinación entre agentes o la distribución del conocimiento, que deben ser analizados y tratados.
Un acercamiento a Gramsci: la hegemonía y la reproducción de una visión del mundo
Authors: Puentes Cala Mauricio , Suárez Pinzón Ivonne
Published: August 2016

Este breve ensayo pretende abordar el concepto de hegemonía en Antonio Gramsci, mediante el estudio de un fragmento de su amorfa y extensa obra discursiva, en aras de identificar el sentido de las intenciones articuladoras concurrentes en los procesos de transmisión ideológica-cultural y direccionamiento intelectual y moral, dimensiones pedagógicas que coadyuvan a la consecución de una “unidad histórica”.  © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Latinoamérica, un camino hacia la prevención del deterioro cognitivo
Authors: Allegri Ricardo F.
Published: August 2016

Las demencias se caracterizan por un deterioro adquirido y persistente de una o más capacidades cognitivas, generalmente asociado a alteraciones conductuales y de severidad suficiente para llevar a una pérdida de la autonomía. Las principales causas de demencias son la enfermedad de Alzheimer, las cerebrovasculares y otros tipos de demencias. La demencia es la tercera causa de carga de enfermedad para discapacidad y muerte en personas mayores de 65 años. El envejecimiento poblacional viene aumentando sostenidamente en los últimos años, siendo esta problemática mayor en los países en vías de desarrollo como sucede en Latinoamérica. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Presentación
Authors: Cogollo Ospina Sonia Natalia
Published: August 2016

Presentación del contenido del Vol. 7 No. 2 de la Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Rainfall-runoff model parameter conditioning on regional hydrological signatures: application to ungauged basins in southern Italy
Authors: Biondi Daniela , De Luca Davide Luciano
Published: August 2016

Parameter estimation for rainfall-runoff models in ungauged basins is a key aspect for a wide range of applications where streamflow predictions from a hydrological model can be used. The need for more reliable estimation of flow in data scarcity conditions is, in fact, thoroughly related to the necessity of reducing uncertainty associated with parameter estimation. This study extends the application of a Bayesian procedure that, given a generic rainfall-runoff model, allows for the assessment of posterior parameter distribution, using a regional estimate of ‘hydrological signatures’ available in ungauged basins. A set of eight catchments located in southern Italy was analyzed, and regionalized, and the first three L-moments of annual streamflow maxima were considered as signatures. Specifically, the effects of conditioning posterior model parameter distribution under different sets of signatures and the role played by uncertainty in their regional estimates were investigated with specific reference to the application of rainfall-runoff models in design flood estimation. For this purpose, the continuous simulation approach was employed and compared to purely statistical methods. The obtained results confirm the potential of the proposed methodology and that the use of the available regional information enables a reduction of the uncertainty of rainfall-runoff models in applications to ungauged basins.
Rheological and Emulsification Behavior of Xinjiang Heavy Oil and Model Oils
Authors: Jing Jiaqiang , Tan Jiatong , Hu Haili , Sun Jie , Jing Peiyu
Published: August 2016

Transparent model oils are commonly used to study the flow patterns and pressure gradient of crude oil-water flow in gathering pipes. However, there are many differences between the model oil and crude oils. The existing literatures focus on the flow pattern transition and pressure gradient calculation of model oils. This paper compares two most commonly used model oils (white mineral oil and silicon oil) with Xinjiang crude oil from the perspectives of rheological properties, oil-water interfacial tensions, emulsion photomicrographs and demulsification process. It indicates that both the white mineral oil and the crude oils are pseudo plastic fluids, while silicon oil is Newtonian fluid. The viscosity-temperature relationship of white mineral oil is similar to that of the diluted crude oil, while the silicon oil presents a less viscosity gradient with the increasing temperature. The oil-water interfacial tension can be used to evaluate the oil dispersing ability in the water phase, but not to evaluate the emulsion stability. According to the Turbiscan lab and the stability test, the model oil emulsion is less stable than that of crude oil, and easier to present water separation.
Geochemistry of Elements in the Coal Seams of the Xishanyao Formation from Gashunwusan Mine, Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Jinxi , Yao Wenbo , Wang Qi , Zhou Jianfei , Li Jiaolong
Published: August 2016

The samples from Xishanyao Formation in Gashunwusan Mine were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-Ray fluorimetry (XRF) and other techniques. Through the use of the above techniques, we researched characteristics and modes of occurrence of the trace elements. According to content and ratios of trace elements, we discussed coal-forming environments of the research area. The results show that Co, Ga, Sr, and Ba were slightly enriched in different coal seams in Xishanyao Formation in Gashunwusan Mine and total contents of trace elements were lower than the average values of Chinese and world coal. The common elements mainly contain CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The contents of above elements were low. Contents of CaO and MgO were higher than those in Chinese coal and US coal, while other elements were relatively depleted. There was a positive correlation between most of the trace elements and ash content. Modes of occurrence of most of trace elements were connected with inorganic mineral, which were effected considerably by terrestrial material. The values of Sr/Ba, V/Ni, and V/Zn revealed that the sedimentary type of Jurassic coal seam in Gashunwusan Mine was the typical interior phase of lakes. The value Ni/Co revealed that the redox environment of coal-forming swamp was relatively weak.
Isolation and identification of Bacillus spp. from compost material, compost and mushroom casing soil active against Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Stanojevic Olja , Milijasevic-Marcic Svetlana , Potocnik Ivana , Stepanovic Milos , Dimkic Ivica , Stankovic Slavisa , Beric Tanja
Published: August 2016

The isolation of bacteria was carried out from samples of straw and chicken
manure, compost at various stages of the composting process and casing soil
used for growing button mushrooms. A preliminary screening of 108 bacterial
isolates for antagonistic activity against Trichoderma aggressivum f.
europaeum showed that 23 tested isolates inhibited mycelial growth of the
pathogenic fungus. Further screening with four indicator isolates of fungi
revealed that all 23 bacterial isolates inhibited the growth of T.
aggressivum f. europaeum, T. harzianum and T. koningii, while only 13
isolates inhibited the growth of T. atroviride. T. aggressivum f. europaeum
proved to be the most sensitive, with many bacterial isolates generating a
high percentage of growth inhibition. Only two bacterial isolates (B-129 and
B-268) were successful in inhibiting the growth of all 4 tested pathogens.
All 23 bacterial isolates were characterized as Gram-positive and
catalase-positive and were subjected to molecular identification based on the
partial sequence, the hypervariant region of the 16S rDNA. It was shown that
the obtained bacterial strains belong to Bacillus subtilis, B.
amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus species.
On the stability of the spectral properties under commuting perturbations
Authors: Yan Kai , Su Weigang , Fang Xiaochun
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we examine the stability of several spectral properties under
commuting perturbations. In particular, we show that if T ( L(X) is an
isoloid operator satisfying generalized Weyl?s theorem and if F ( L(X) is a
power finite rank operator that commutes with T, then generalized Weyl?s
theorem holds for T + F. In addition, we consider the permanence of Bishop?s
property (?), at a point, under commuting perturbation that is an algebraic
operator.
On Tauberian theorems for statistical weighted mean method of summability
Authors: Totur Ümit , Çanak Ibrahim
Published: August 2016

In this paper we establish some new Tauberian theorems for the statistical
weighted mean method of summability via the weighted general control modulo
of the oscillatory behavior of nonnegative integer order of a real sequence.
The main results improve the well-known classical Tauberian theorems which
are given for weighted mean method of summability and statistical
convergence.
Finite difference approximation of an elliptic problem with nonlocal boundary condition
Authors: Hodzic Sandra , Jovanovic Bosko
Published: August 2016

We consider Poisson?s equation on the unit square with a nonlocal boundary
condition. The existence and uniqueness of its weak solution in Sobolev
spaceH1 is proved. A finite difference scheme approximating this problem is
proposed. An error estimate compatible with the smoothness of input data in
discrete H1 Sobolev norm is obtained.
On the distance spectrum of trees
Authors: Xue Jie , Liu Ruifang , Jia Huicai
Published: August 2016

Let G be a connected graph with vertex set V(G) = {v1, v2,..., vng} and edge
set E(G).D(G) = (dij)nxn is the distance matrix of G, where dij denotes the
distance between vi and vj. Let ?1(D) ? ?2(D)?... ? ?n(D) be the distance
spectrum of G. A graph G is said to be determined by its distance spectrum if
any graph having the same distance spectrum as G is isomorphic to G. Trees
can not be determined by its distance spectrum. Naturally, we prove that two
kinds of special trees path Pn and double star S(a,b) are determined by their
distance spectra in this paper.
New type of residential building configuration
Authors: Todorovic Mirko
Published: August 2016

A good typology, corresponding to the contemporary requirements of housing
can contribute to better quality solutions in this field. Theoretical
considerations concerning building configuration have defined the types of
residential buildings configurations in their basic form, producing hybrid
solutions when combined. Current solutions of residential buildings in
densely populated urban areas of developed Western European countries have
brought another additional type of residential building configuration to the
foreground. In order to achieve high density it is necessary to build high
residential buildings, which suggests the use of the tower building form as
one of adequate solutions. In their response to the current complex building
construction requirements, from urban to technological, urban planners and
architects conclude that a residential building in the form of a tower must
have a substantial plinth. Only this will allow for a quality product - a
marketable apartment that meets all standards of a complex locations in the
cities. That is how a new type of residential building configuration was
born. Improved configuration typology of residential buildings will expose
current issues more clearly and reveal better solutions for housing in urban
areas.
Daylight performance of adapted industrial buildings
Authors: Stojkovic Milena , Pucar Mila , Krstic-Furundzic Aleksandra
Published: August 2016

This paper assesses the potential of historical industrial buildings to be
reused as office spaces. Belgrade?s industrial heritage has been classified
according to the criteria that influence visual comfort, including glazing
area, floor depth, and orientation. Daylight performance of two
representative buildings has been analyzed using daylight factor, point in
time illuminance and spatial daylight autonomy. Potential improvement
strategies that would not have a negative impact on the historical character
of buildings have then been discussed. Further studies include increased
internal surface reflectance and introduction of roof-lights. The impact of
roof-lights on the annual cooling and heating load has been addressed in
parallel. Since LEED is the dominant sustainability assessment tool in
Serbia, preliminary compliance with LEED v4 Daylight credit has been assessed
for all options. The methodology and findings can be applied to a wide range
of industrial buildings in similar climatic conditions.
Influence of cultural models on the shaping of built environment forms: Some examples from Serbia’s past and present
Authors: Vasilevska Magdalena , Randjelovic Marija , Vasilevska Ljiljana
Published: August 2016

This paper considers the influence of different cultural models on the
shaping of built environment forms in Serbian cities during certain periods
in history which are characterized by specific political and social
circumstances. In addition to the theoretical framing of current approaches
to cultural models and multicultural reality in a broader sense, the research
focuses on the: 1) review of historical, political and social background of
the phenomenon of cultural models and multicultural realities in Serbia, 2)
influence of different cultural models on the shaping of built environment
forms in Serbia?s cities and settlements through chosen examples from the
past and present.
Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat
Authors: Brankovic Gordana , Dodig Dejan , Knezevic Desimir , Kandic Vesna , Pavlov Jovan
Published: August 2016

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components,
broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain
weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat
and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during
2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi,
Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the
genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and
durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment
interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher
than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of
durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread
wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat -
39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest
value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW
of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield
component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted
for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and
2.8%, respectively.
Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in patients treated with fixed appliances vs removable aligners
Authors: Iglesias-Linares Alejandro , Sonnenberg Boris , Solano Beatriz , Yañez-Vico Rosa-Maria , Solano Enrique , Lindauer Steven J , Flores-Mir Carlos
Published: August 2016

Objective: To determine whether orthodontic treatment with removable aligners vs fixed orthodontic appliances is associated with a different frequency of orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIEARR) when genetic, radiographic, and clinical factors are accounted for.

Materials and Methods: Three hundred seventy-two orthodontic patients treated with removable aligners (Invisalign) or fixed appliances were genetically screened for interleukin 1B gene (IL1B) (rs1143634), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) (rs419598), and osteopontin gene (SPP1) (rs9138/rs11730582). Twelve clinical variables, potentially associated with OIEARR, were also considered. Subjects were divided according to the presence of radiographically determined OIEARR (>2 mm). The association between OIEARR and appliance type, and radiographic, clinical and genetic factors, was assessed using backward stepwise conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

Results: Reliability of the methods was adequate. Clinical case complexity (American Board of Orthodontics [ABO] Discrepancy Index) (OR: 1.032; 95% CI: 1.005–1.061; P = .021) and extent of incisor apical displacement in the sagittal plane (OR: 1.478; 95% CI: 1.285–1.699; P = .001) were associated with an increased OIEARR risk. After adjusting for associations between clinical/radiographic/genetic factors, there were no statistically significant differences with respect to OIEARR or type of orthodontic appliance used, whether removable aligners or fixed appliances (OR: 1.662; 95% CI: 0.945–2.924; P = .078). Only subjects homozygous for the T allele of IL1RN (rs419598) were more prone to OIEARR during orthodontic treatment (OR: 3.121; CI: 1.93–5.03; P < .001).

Conclusions: A similar OIEARR predisposition was identified using either removable aligners (Invisalign) or fixed appliances.
Effect of β-adrenergic agonists on lipolysis and lipogenesis by porcine adipose tissue in vitro
Authors: Peterla T. A. , Scanes C. G.
Published: August 2016

The effects of the β-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol, cimaterol, ractopamine and clenbuterol on lipolysis (release of glycerol and free fatty acids) and lipogenesis (incorporation of 14C into fatty acids from [14C]glucose) was examined in porcine adipose tissue explants in vitro. Lipolysis was stimulated by isoproterenol, cimaterol or ractopamine but not by clenbuterol. Insulin reduced the lipolytic effects of the β-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol, cimaterol and ractopamine). Lipogenesis was inhibited by all β-adrenergic agonists tested (isoproterenol, cimaterol, ractopamine and clenbuterol). The antilipogenic effect of the β-adrenergic agonists was reduced by the presence of insulin in the incubation. Although effects of the different β-adrenergic agonists varied, all had some direct effects that could be expected to reduce adipose accretion. Effects of β-adrenergic agonists in the pig are due in part to direct effects on adipose tissue.
Effects of the ionophore tetronasin on nitrogen metabolism by ruminal microorganisms in vitro.
Authors: Newbold C. J. , Wallace R. J. , McKain N.
Published: August 2016

The effects of tetronasin on ruminal protein metabolism were investigated in vitro using ruminal fluid from cattle receiving tetronasin in the diet, ovine ruminal fluid from animals not receiving tetronasin and pure cultures of proteolytic ruminal bacteria. Ruminal fluid from cattle receiving tetronasin in a predominantly barley diet had lower proteolytic (76% of control, P < .10) and deaminative (58% of control, P < .05) activities than controls after 42 d. The effect of deamination disappeared after 84 d, although the proteolytic activity remained lower (P < .10) than that of controls. When tetronasin was added in vitro to ruminal fluid from sheep not receiving the ionophore, proteolytic activity (14C-labeled casein hydrolysis) was unaffected, but the rate of ammonia production from amino acids was decreased by 87% (P < .01). Oligopeptide breakdown was inhibited to a lesser extent (21%, P < .05). Dipeptidase activity (dialanine hydrolysis) was not affected. The addition of tetronasin to cultures of the ruminal bacteria Ruminobacter amylophilus and Bacteroides ruminicola had no influence on their protease, deaminase or dipeptidase activities. However, when the bacteria were adapted to grow in the presence of tetronasin, deamination of amino acids was severely inhibited (87 to 100%, P < .01), even when tetronasin was absent from the incubation mixture. Tetronasin had no effect on the proteolytic activity of adapted cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE EFFECT OF SORGHUM GRAIN VARIETY ON SITE AND EXTENT OF DIGESTION IN BEEF HEIFERS1,2
Authors: Streeter M. N. , Wagner D. G. , Hibberd C. A. , Owens F. N.
Published: August 2016

To determine the effect of sorghum grain variety on site and extent of digestion, three pureline sorghum varieties (Darset, Dwarf Redlan, 1133) and a commercially purchased millrun sorghum grain were dry-rolled and fed in an 88% grain diet to Angus-Hereford heifers (230) kg) equipped with ruminal, duodenal and ileal T-type cannulas. Darset is a normal endosperm, high tannin, bird-resistant (BR) type (normal-BR); Dwarf Redlan is a waxy endosperm, low tannin, non-BR type (waxy); 1133 is a waxy endosperm, high tannin, BR type (waxy-BR). The millrun sorghum, representative of most commercial sorghum grain, was a normal endosperm, non-BR type (normal). Diets were fed at 2% of BW (DM basis) in a 4 × 4 latin square. Total tract starch digestibility was similar (P > .05) for all varieties, averaging 90.8%. Ruminal starch digestion tended to be greater (P = .13) for BR types (normal-BR, 75.2%; waxy-BR, 77.3%) than for non-BR types (normal, 68.7%; waxy, 74.1%). Starch digestibility prior to the cecum was greater (P < .10) for varieties with a waxy endosperm than for varieties with a normal endosperm (84.8 vs 78.6%). The large intestine tended to be more important (P < .10) as a site of starch digestion (% of total tract digestion) for varieties with a normal endosperm compared to varieties with a waxy endosperm (13.2 vs 7.2%). Total tract apparent non-NH3 N digestibility was greater (P < .01) for non-BR types than for BR types (66.4 vs 50.9%). Additionally, ruminal feed N disappearance was greater (P < .05) for non-BR than for BR types (50.1 vs 30.1%). Sorghum with a waxy endosperm tended to have increased postruminal N digestion. Nitrogen disappearance (% of total tract disappearance) was nearly complete by the ileum for all varieties (98.4%). Sorghum grain variety altered the site and extent of nutrient digestion in cattle.
Effects of dietary aluminum and phosphorus on magnesium metabolism in dairy calves2
Authors: Neathery M. W. , Crowe N. A. , Miller W. J. , Crowe C. T. , Varnadoe J. L. , Blackmon D. M.
Published: August 2016

The metabolism of Mg was studied in young dairy calves fed two levels of added Al (0 and .20% Al) and two levels of added P (0 and .22% P) for 7 wk. The four treatments were 1) normal P–low Al, 2) low P–low Al, 3) normal P–high Al and 4) low P–high Al. The basal diet (low P–low Al) contained, by analysis, .132% P, .021% Al and .17% Mg. Added Al did not affect (P > .10) serum Mg. An Al × P interaction on bone Mg was detected (P < .01). Magnesium was reduced in tibia shaft (.34 vs .44%) and in tibia joint (.43 vs .53%) in calves fed high Al in the presence of normal dietary P, but Mg was not reduced in the calves fed low-P diets. Apparent absorption of Mg was reduced by approximately five-fold (.18 g/d vs –.84 g/d, P < .01); urinary Mg excretion was reduced 31% (1.12 g/d vs .77 g/d, P < .01); and Mg retention declined 41% (−95 g/d vs –1.61 g/d, P < .01) in calves fed added Al. Compared with calves fed low-P diets, calves fed normal levels of P had a higher Mg concentration in tibia shaft (P < .01) and tibia joint (P < .05). The data indicate that supplemental Al may adversely affect Mg metabolism in calves.
Protein metabolism in chicken muscle cell cultures treated with cimaterol
Authors: Young R. B. , Moriarity D. M. , McGee C. E. , Farrar W. R. , Richter H. E.
Published: August 2016

Primary muscle cell cultures were prepared from the leg muscle of 12-d broiler chicken embryos. The partitioning agent cimaterol (10−6 to 10−10M) was added on d 1 and each day thereafter, and cells were studied after 7 d in culture. Cimaterol had no effect at any level either on the percentage of nuclei within multinucleated myotubes or on the total number of nuclei within myotubes. At 10−7M cimaterol, the quantity of the myofibrillar protein fraction was increased by 25.1 ± 8.0% (P <.05) and the quantity of myosin heavy chain was increased by 30.9 ± 4.5% (P < .05). To understand the basis for the increase in myofibrillar protein, the incorporation rate of [3H]Leu was measured in pulse labeling experiments. The apparent synthesis rate of the soluble protein fraction and the crude myofibrillar fraction was not significantly increased by cimaterol; however, cimaterol levels greater than 10−8M caused a 10 to 12% increase (P < .05) in the incorporation rate of [3H]Leu into myosin heavy chain. The effect of cimaterol on release of [3H]Leu from prelabeled protein also was assessed in pulse-chase experiments; the apparent rate of protein degradation was inhibited by 10 to 15% (P < .05) at the higher levels of cimaterol. Dot blot analysis indicated that the quantity of myosin heavy chain mRNA was elevated in cimaterol-treated cultures. Thus, the increased quantity of myofibrillar proteins in embryonic broiler muscle cell cultures is the combined result of a stimulation in the rate of protein synthesis and an inhibition in the rate of protein degradation.
Effect of sex and exogenous porcine somatotropin on longissimus muscle fiber characteristics of growing pigs.
Authors: Solomon M. B. , Campbell R. G. , Steele N. C.
Published: August 2016

Thirty-seven pigs with an initial live weight of 60 kg were used to investigate the effects of daily exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration at two dose levels (0 and 100 µg·kg−1·d−1) for a 31-d period on muscle fiber characteristics and meat tenderness of boars, gilts and barrows. Excipient boars and gilts had more αW and fewer αR fibers than did those receiving pST. The percentage of muscle fiber type for barrows was not affected by pST treatment. The administration of pST resulted in an increase in muscle fiber size for all three fiber types in all three sexes, but these changes were of greater magnitude in barrows (31.8%) and gilts (27.8%) than in boars (9.3%). Somatotropin negated the intrinsic sex effect differences in fiber area of the pigs. There was no difference in tenderness among excipient boars, barrows and gilts; however, with the inclusion of pST, shear force decreased in boars and gilts and increased in barrows. A high proportion of the pST-treated pigs contained giant fibers in the longissimus muscle. Furthermore, a small proportion of the pST-treated pigs exhibited pale, soft, exudative muscle. Whether the giant fiber anomalies occurred through increased muscle activity or from fibers undergoing degenerative changes was not determined.
Teacher Churning
Authors: Atteberry Allison , Loeb Susanna , Wyckoff James
Published: August 2016

Educators raise concerns about what happens to students when they are exposed to new or new-to-school teachers. However, even when teachers remain in the same school they can switch roles by moving grades and/or subjects. We use panel data from New York City to compare four ways in which teachers are new to assignment: new to teaching, new to district, new to school, or new to subject/grade. We find negative effects of having a churning teacher of about one third the magnitude of the effect of a new teacher. However the average student is assigned to churning teachers four times more often than to new teachers, and historically underserved students are slightly more likely to be assigned to churning teachers.
Understanding intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a review
Authors: Verma Pankaj , Chaudhary Hema
Published: August 2016

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as the inability of a fetus to gain the normal growth potential due to maternal-placental-fetal factors. These factors mainly involve metabolic disorders, infections, substance abuse and exposure to harmful substances. Incidence of IUGR is higher in developing countries. Proper diagnosis at suitable time is necessary for proper treatment and management. Although, the mechanism is not clear but oxidative stress, immunological factors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and adduct formation are some pathways which are involved in IUGR. The aftermaths of IUGR involves post-birth complications, perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, management and treatment involves use of both pharmacological (Tocolytics, Corticosteroids, antibiotics) and non-pharmacological methods (bed rest, cerclage). This review highlights the possible risk factors, mechanisms, other biochemical pathways involved, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of IUGR.Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2015;2(4):31-37
The Meanings of the Move?
Authors: Lubkemann Stephen C.
Published: August 2016

In this article I draw comparatively on ethnographic material from my work with war-affected populations from postcolonial Mozambique and diasporan Liberia to argue for a fundamental shift in the conceptualization and study of displacement. I argue first for a need to shift from an emphasis on physical mobility as the sine qua non of “displacement,” to an empirical investigation of the less-than-self-evident relationship between physical mobility and social mobility. I illustrate how the meanings and outcomes of physical mobility are far from given but must be treated as an empirical problem, in which the social opportunity structures that cultural agents ultimately navigate are reconfigured in complex, contradictory, and inadvertent ways that simultaneously generate new and socially differentiated challenges as well as opportunities.
Staying out of Place
Authors: Turner Simon
Published: August 2016

Based on ethnographic fieldwork among Burundian refugees living clandestinely in Nairobi and living in a refugee camp in Tanzania, the article argues that displacement can be about staying out of place in order to find a place in the world in the future. I suggest that the term displacement describes this sense of not only being out of place but also being en route to a future. Burundians in the camp and the city are doing their best to remain out of place, in transition between a lost past and a future yet to come, and the temporary nature of their sojourn is maintained in everyday practices. Such everyday practices are policed by powerful actors in the camp and are ingrained in practices of self-discipline in Nairobi. Comparing the two settings demonstrates that remaining out of place can take on different forms, according to context.
Introduction
Authors: Jones Briony , Brudholm Thomas
Published: August 2016

Transitional justice, as a process and set of mechanisms designed to address human rights violations of the past, is a project of transformation. Designed to deal with legacies of past wrongs, transitional justice ideally aims to address their root causes, to adjudicate social and institutional responsibilities, to transform the institutional contexts and power relations that enabled human rights violations to take place, to restore, repair, or facilitate new relationships and to promote national unity and reconciliation. Now an established policy response to the end of civil war, authoritarian regimes or occupation, transitional justice has been the focus of scholarly attention for long enough to have warranted a critical turn, both in terms of the way transitional justice is theorized (Corradetti, Eisikovits, and Rotondi 2015; Hirsch 2012) and the way in which it is implemented and experienced in practice. Examples of such critiques include accusations of imposition of western norms that are not culturally meaningful in some contexts, of the dominance of legal approaches to justice at the expense of the restorative and symbolic, of its instrumentalization by the powerful for the consolidation of authority or privilege, and of limited evidence that it actually has a positive impact on justice and peace (see, e.g., Iliff 2012; Leebaw 2008; Pouligny 2005).
Fighting Fire with Fire
Authors: O'Loughlin Ciara
Published: August 2016

Recent decades have seen an explosion of interest in transitional justice. Although much attention has been directed toward measuring the effects of transitional justice mechanisms, discussion of the motivations for and manifestations of resistance to transitional justice processes has been limited. Th is article contributes to this underexamined area through an analysis of the nature of resistance to transitional justice in Bahrain following the February 2011 uprisings. It identifies existing explanations for resistance to and engagement with transitional justice before considering whether Mitchell Dean’s analytics of government approach—with its emphasis on identifying discrepancies between actors’ declared and actual intentions—assists in revealing less obvious manifestations of resistance, such as those seen in Bahrain. It is suggested that adopting the institutional manifestations of transitional justice may, paradoxically, be understood as a strategy for resisting popular demands for accountability and political transformation—the very notions at the core of any transition.
Violence and Identification
Authors: Kolind Torsten
Published: August 2016

Structurally inspired anthropological analyses of war and violence tend to claim that conflicts have an inherent potential to create unambiguous identities. Based on ethnographic data from everyday life among the Muslim population of Stolac in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina the article shows that this is not necessarily the case. Instead of resorting to the politically created dichotomous categories of ethnic exclusion, the Muslims of Stolac favored ambiguous identifications highlighting coexistence and interethnic respect. In this way of refraining from exclusive ethnic antagonistic identifications they experimented with ways of inhabiting the world together with the ethnic others; mainly the Croat population of Stolac.
Design and modelling of a novel multilayered cylindrical magnetorheological brake
Authors: Wu Jie , Jiang Xuezheng , Li Qingtao , Yao Jin , Li Hua , Li Zhaochun
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a new configuration and optimal design of a novel multilayered cylindrical magnetorheological (MR) brake. Compared to the traditional ones, this designed MR brake employs several coils setting along the circumferential direction in order to increase the magnetic field strength within the MR fluid. Four annular working gaps of each serpentine gap are used to reduce the effect of centrifugal force at high speed rotating conditions. Furthermore, this novel MR brake provides flexible options for torque enhancement because either the axial or radial dimensions of the working gaps can be adjusted. After describing the structure, exact closed-form expressions of the braking torque have been derived in order to calculate the braking torque and evaluate the merits of the designed MR brake. The magnetic circuit analysis of the MR brake is conducted to theoretically estimate the magnetic field strength in the working gaps. After that, simulations were performed to optimize the structure sizes of the designed MR brake, and evaluate its performance. The results indicate that the proposed MR brake can generate a considerable braking torque while maintaining a feasible magnetic circuit design and a compact structure.
Complete analytical design and experimental verification of a new topology 5-phase bipolar excited 10/8 switched reluctance motor with segmental rotor
Authors: Uygun Durmus , Bal Gungor
Published: August 2016

The goal of this study is to address preliminary design and prototyping of a novel 5-phase segment-type switched reluctance motor (SEG-SRM) with 10/8 pole configuration. The proposed SEG-SRM includes a stator having salient poles and a rotor having segmental steel cores which are embedded in aluminum block. The operation of SEG-SRM depends on exciting two adjacent phases respectively at all times by creating mutual coupling, thus leading less eddy current effects on silicon steel sheets of the stator and better efficiency. A quick design methodology covering all geometrical details of SEG-SRM is given. This comprehensive method is useful for initial machine design and eliminates the machines with undesired outputs. Besides, the performance characteristics of the designed SEG-SRM are investigated by finite element method (FEM). Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested in the laboratory based on computed analytical parameters and the operational outcomes of the developed system are presented by verifying finite element studies. It is completely substantiated that this new preliminary design can be used in applications ranging from low speed to medium speed. The comparative study among simulation and experimental studies seeks to address torque production/prediction versus current variation.