bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Performance of Alarm System by Implementing Effective Alarm Management Philosophy: A Case Study of West Kuwait Field
Authors: Al-Azmi Falah , Parikh Chirag A.
Published: March 2013

The DCS (distributed control system) alarm system of gathering center of West Kuwait field at Kuwait Oil Company was not functioning as required. DCS alarm system was generating around 400 to 700 alarms in one hour which was out of operator's alarm handling capacity. This was highlighted as one of the key contributing factor to the seriousness of process upsets & incidents. The overall alarm management system was thoroughly investigated to understand root cause of these poorly functioning system and to improve it accordingly. A detailed investigation revealed lack of alarm management philosophy during design stage and subsequent over configuration of DCS alarms as main cause of this poorly functioning system. All DCS alarms were analyzed in detail to eliminate all unwanted alarms to achieve manageable alarm level of around 5-20 alarms per hour.

This paper shares field experience for analysis of DCS alarm system and explains main root causes which resulted in such poorly functioning alarm system at gathering center of West Kuwait field. It also provides guidelines for improving such alarm system & for developing alarm management philosophy to implement efficient DCS alarm system. It also shares some of the actual alarm data and their analysis which supports need of well-developed alarm management philosophy for implementation of efficient DCS alarm system.

It was observed that total 182 alarms were mainly contributing for significantly higher rate of DCS alarms. These alarms were mainly categorized as frequent alarms, duplicate alarms and chattering alarms. Effective implementation of alarm management philosophy has significantly reduced these alarms and reduced alarm rate from around 700 per hour to 10 per hour.

The paper justifies need for Alarm management philosophy to ensure implementation of efficient DCS alarm system and also provides guideline to achieve it.
Some Scholarship Students Need Help, Too: Implementation and Assessment of a Scholarship Retention Program
Authors: Martindale Amy L. , Hammons James O.
Published: March 2013

Students with merit-based scholarships and strong high school GPAs typically have high retention rates. Yet, many high ability students did not need to study in high school, and never developed effective academic skills. Such students may expect to excel in college with the same limited effort. Unfortunately, institutions may unintentionally ignore high ability students when developing retention initiatives. At a mid-sized research university, less than 50% of freshmen who lost their scholarships enrolled for their sophomore year. This study assessed the effectiveness of a Scholarship Retention Program designed to help students maintain scholarship eligibility. Results demonstrated that mandatory interventions for students with low first-semester GPAs were associated with increased final GPAs and scholarship renewal rates. However, voluntary interventions for students with low midterm grades were ineffective. A supplemental survey indicated that students believed the interventions demonstrated the University's care for their success and helped their efforts to keep their scholarships.
Identifying Regions of Good Agreement among Responders in Engagement with a Piece of Live Dance
Authors: Schubert Emery , Vincs Kim , Stevens Catherine J.
Published: March 2013

This study investigated the issue of subjectivity in dance cognition by examining the amount of agreement in continuous “engagement” responses made by 12 observers to a semi-improvised dance work. Continuous judgments of engagement were collected using the portable Audience Response Facility, which sampled ratings from participants twice a second. Sample-by-sample standard deviation ( SD) scores were used as a measure of observer agreement. SD varied from 19% to 34% of the total engagement scale range. Seven regions of good agreement were identified and analyzed. Sections where expectations were not interrupted were more likely to produce good agreement. A further analysis examined the effect of window size (bin width of one sample, up to 11 samples) and alternate measures of observer agreement (50% interpercentile, 90% interpercentile, and median absolute deviation, in addition to SD) on results. Window size made the least difference to the analysis of observer agreement. The results counter the views that dance response is too subjective to be worthy of experimental investigation, or that it lacks subjective, intertextual components.
Aesthetic Responses to Repetition in Unfamiliar Music
Authors: Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth
Published: March 2013

Listeners who lacked special expertise in contemporary art music were presented with 1-minute excerpts of music by Luciano Berio and Elliott Carter in either their original, unaltered versions or in modified versions such that segments within the excerpt repeated immediately or after a delay. They were asked to rate each excerpt's enjoyability, interest, and artistry on 7-point Likert-like scales. Listeners rated the excerpts in both repetition conditions as more enjoyable, interesting, and artistic than the original, unaltered versions, suggesting that repetitiveness is an important factor in aesthetic responses to unfamiliar styles.
Significant Coronary Stenosis in Asymptomatic Chinese With Different Glycemic Status
Authors: Xu Yu , Bi Yufang , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Sun Kun , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Yu Yi , Li Xiaoying , Lai Shenghan , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate coronary artery stenosis in early diabetes or prediabetes asymptomatic of myocardial ischemia in community-dwelling Chinese adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Age- and sex-matched participants with normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes, or diabetes diagnosed within 5 years, asymptomatic of coronary artery disease (CAD), were randomly selected from a community-dwelling Chinese population aged 40–60 years. Dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography was used to evaluate the existence and extent of coronary stenosis, which was considered significant if >50% narrowing of vessel lumen was detected.

RESULTS

After excluding uninterpretable segments attributable to motion artifacts, a total of 135 participants with NGR, 132 with prediabetes, and 134 with diabetes participated in data analysis. Significant coronary stenosis was detected in 10 (7.4%), 10 (7.6%), and 22 (16.4%) individuals with NGR, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively (P for trend = 0.029). Diabetes, rather than prediabetes, was associated with a significant 2.34-fold elevated risk [odds ratio (OR) 2.34 (95% CI 1.01–5.43); P = 0.047] of significant coronary stenosis as compared with that associated with NGR. Levels of glucose evaluation were independently and significantly associated with risks of significant coronary stenosis in diabetes. Each 1-SD increase in fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postload plasma glucose, and HbA1c conveyed 2.11-fold, 1.73-fold, and 1.81-fold higher risks of significant coronary stenosis, respectively, after adjustment for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Using a noninvasive CAD diagnostic modality such as dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography, we detected a markedly elevated risk of significant coronary stenosis with early diabetes in asymptomatic Chinese adults.
Targeting the somatostatin receptors as a therapeutic approach for the preservation and protection of the mammalian cochlea from excitotoxicity
Authors: Radojevic Vesna , Brand Yves , Levano Soledad , Setz Cristian , Bodmer Daniel
Published: March 2013

The neuropeptide somatostatin (SST) is an important modulator of neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and binds to G-protein-coupled receptors (SSTR1-5) on target cells. Little is known about the expression and function of the somatostatinergic system in the mammalian cochlea. We analyzed the expression of SSTR1-SSTR5 in the immature mammalian cochlea. The peak in the expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 at mRNA and protein level is around the onset of hearing to airborne sound, at postnatal day (P)14. This suggests their involvement in the maturation of the mammalian cochlea. We demonstrated that all five receptors are expressed in the inner hair cells (IHC) and outer hear cells (OHC) as well as in defined supporting cells of the organ of Corti (OC) in the adult mouse cochlea. A similar expression of the SSTRs in the IHC and OHC was found in cultivated P6 mouse OC explants as well as in neuroepithelial cell culture. In order to learn more about the regulation of SSTRs, we used mice with either a deletion of SSTR1, SSTR2 or SSTR1/SSTR2 double knock out (DKO). In DKO mice, SSTR5 was up-regulated and SSTR3 and SSTR4 were down regulated. These findings provide evidence of a compensatory regulation in the mammalian cochlea as a consequence of a receptor subtype deletion. In addition, we observed reduced levels of phospho-Akt and total-Akt in SSTR1 KO and DKO mice as compared to wild type (WT) mice. Akt is likely to be involved in hair cell survival. Most importantly, we found improved hair cell survival in somatostatin and octreotide treated OC explants that had been exposed to gentamicin compared to those explants exposed to gentamicin alone. These findings propose that the somatostatinergic system within the cochlea may have neuroprotective properties.
Reassessment of teratogenic risk from antenatal ultrasound
Authors: Williams Emily , Casanova Manuel
Published: March 2013

Science has shown that risk of cavitation and hyperthermia following prenatal ultrasound exposure is relatively negligible provided intensity, frequency, duration of exposure, and total numbers of exposures are safely limited. However, noncavitational mechanisms have been poorly studied and occur within what are currently considered “safe” levels of exposure. To date, the teratogenic capacity of noncavitational effectors are largely unknown, although studies have shown that different forms of ultrasound-induced hydraulic forces and pressures can alter membrane fluidity, proliferation, and expression of inflammatory and repair markers. Loose regulations, poor end user training, and unreliable ultrasound equipment may also increase the likelihood of cavitation and hyperthermia during prenatal exposure with prolonged durations and increased intensities. The literature suggests a need for tighter regulations on the use of ultrasound and further studies into its teratogenicity.
Goethe: An Estimate
Authors: Walter
Published: March 2013

In 1884 Professor Seeley of Cambridge published three essays on Goethe In the Contemporary Revlew, reprinted ten years later with considerable additions under the title Goethe reviewed after sixty years. The title of the present article might very well have been “Goethe reviewed after a hundred years” but for a very natural hesitation to challenge a comparison which might appear presumptuous with Professor Seeley's work. Nevertheless, this is a review written with a very similar purpose: to revise if necessary our estimate of Goethe, a task which will, in this year of the centenary, be attempted in many places and by many pens. Probably the present occasion is more significant, more likely to yield definite results than the mere lapse of sixty years which gave birth to Professor Seely's book.
The Human Situation
Authors: Wallace Malcolm
Published: March 2013

Of recent months we have been living in a world the actuality of which we can believe in only by an effort of the will. Constantly we have awakened to a new day with the feeling that we have been living in a nightmare. Events have been happening which were not only unpredictable, but the very possibility of which we could hardly have entertained except as fantastic imaginings. A succession of calamities has swept over us, and we have supped so full of horrors that we no longer seem to occupy the old familiar world of earlier days. Prophecies of impending new disasters are eagerly listened to and believed. The old familiar landmarks which gave stability both to life and thinking have many of them been swept away. We are no longer so sure that human nature is the same wherever we find it, nor that you cannot bring an indictment against a whole nation. In a word our life has become an adventure, we are living dangerously, and we are by no means sure as to what the morrow may bring forth.
Canada's American Problem
Authors: McInnis Edgar
Published: March 2013

The past four months have seen the beginning of a new and vitally important stage in Canada's world relations. With the collapse of France, the balance of power shifted its centre of gravity; and as that centre moved toward the western hemisphere, the essential place of Canada in the international structure became subject to a scrutiny more intense than it has hitherto undergone. The result has been illuminating, not only for outsiders, but for Canadians themselves. And among the things we have been forced to recognize is the multiplicity of loyalties to which we are inescapably committed by our position and by our past.
The Empire and World Order
Authors: Brady
Published: March 2013

The present war is bringing forth books and pamphlets which attempt to assess anew the relation of the British Empire to world society.* Of these the best informed and most challenging volume so far comes from the United States: In Great Britain: An Empire in Transition, Albert Viton surveys the modern life of the Empire, its strength, weaknesses, and perplexing problems. While his general attitude is one of sympathy and admiration, he is not restrained from trenchant criticism, some of which is merited and some grossly extravagant.
Drama in Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus
Authors: Owen
Published: March 2013

To appreciate a dramatist's skill one should keep one's finger on the pulse of the audience. For whatever may be his further purpose, his success in achieving it depends upon the success of his drama as a drama, and that upon its immediate effect on the audience's feelings. He must express his purpose in a story told in the language of his theatre, that is, through a performance that tells it clearly, convincingly, and arrestingly, to those particular spectators. These qualities are all essential to dramatic success; clarity and convincingness are necessary conditions, the arresting power is the artistic end.
French-Canadian Letters
Authors: Walter Felix
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian books published in 1940.
The War and Opinion: The Race Myth
Authors: Hart
Published: March 2013

The most vulgar mode of escaping from sociological thinking is as vulgar as ever, and all the reasearch and teaching of social scientists diminish it. The war and the “racial” problems which it has underlined have led to much new publication on the subject; yet on essential points there is nothing new in the recent books. All of them from different approaches and with different material attempt to refute popular notions, and several of the writers hint at a certain despondency. If race notions were only dying hard, the situation would be satisfactory: despondency comes from the uneasy feeling, in Barzun and Boas at least, that race notions are not dying but increasing, that the social scientists are fighting a losing fight.
The War and Opinion - War Without Weapons
Authors: McInnis Edgar
Published: March 2013

One of the most appalling adjustments which the present generation is being compelled to make is that imposed, not simply by the present war, but by the emergence of total war as the dominant phenomenon of our times. That is something more than the periodic outbreak of hostilities. It is a permanent condition, resulting from an over-riding purpose, which makes such terms as “peace” and “war” oblsolete in the old sense. War is not total merely when it takes the form of armed conflict. It cannot be total at that stage unless the nations engaged have already devoted years to the supreme effort which will make possible a successful resort to arms, and have subordinated all other acivities to that one paramount end.
Burke and the Totalitarian System
Authors: Carver
Published: March 2013

The despondent generation which once accepted appeasement as a policy and Mr Neville Chamberlain as a statesman has undergone a salutary chastening. We find ourselves living in an age of great events, great actions, and even great speeches. It is as if the march of time had taken a turn backward to the age of Austerlitz and Trafalgar. We have seen a more diabolical Napoleon arise in Europe, and a more heroic Pitt in this country. We have seen guns frowning and blazing at each other across the Straits of Dover, and have heard rumours of flat-bottomed barges collected at Boulogne. We have even realized an earlier nightmare, which the age of Pitt would have thought fantastic: Some airy devil hovers in the sky, And pours down mischief.Though our Waterloo may still be far distant we have already witnessed the discomfiture of the airy devil in one of the decisive battles of the world; for there can be little doubt that the future historian will accord that dignity to the victory of the Royal Air Force in the autumn of 1940.
Priorities for Planners
Authors: Silcox Claris Edwin
Published: March 2013

During the depression, we were offered for our delectation and inspiration a great variety of plans. Never, perhaps, in all human history, have so many people done so much planning with so little effect. The desire to plan was natural since we live in an age in which one of the keywords is rationalization, and in industry or business you are considered more or less hopelessly incompetent unless you can produce a plan for every operation. This should preferably be reduced to a chart-form covered with radial lines leading to and from squares and circles which indicate various stages of control.
The Literature of the Diggers
Authors: Patrick J. Max
Published: March 2013

Communist movements have appeared in all the great middle-class revolutions. The Diggers, who were the communists of the Puritan Revolution, were less conscious of what they were doing than modern Marxists. Because capitalist industry was little developed, they failed to envisage a specifically proletarian revolution, and their ideal was an agrarian communism. But they began the theory of utopian socialism and economic democracy. They attempted a socialist community; they sketched the outlines of a socialist constitution; and, in response to the material circumstances in which they found themselves, they developed certain phases of Puritan thought in the direction of socialism. Although local landlords and the armed forces of the state broke up their experiment, leaving their theories apparently discredited and their influence negligible, they nevertheless produced pamphlets which throw much light on the nature of Puritanism, and which contain a ruthless analysis of the cause, nature, and signficance of the English Revolution. These constitute a literature which is significant in its anticipations of modern socialist thought, striking in its power of phrase and image, potent in its iconoclasm, suggestive of Traherne in its mysticism and pantheism, and indicative of the seventeenth-century trend towards secularism and materialism. Clearly the Diggers have been too long neglected, and there is reason to welcome two recent books about them: the works of Gerrard Winstanley, edited with an introduction by Professor Sabine, and a monograph on their social philosophy by Dr David Petegorsky.
Newton and the Romantic Concept of Nature
Authors: Priestley F. E. L.
Published: March 2013

In general, the typical neo-classical attitude to the cosmos may be said to consist of an intellectual and aesthetic appreciation of its order; the Romantic rather of an emotional and religious or quasi-religious response to its harmony. The order is thought of as imposed from without, the harmony as the working of immanent and immaterial principles. The neo-classical is inclined to dwell upon the divine intelligence which framed the eternal order; the Romantic rather upon the power and beneficence constantly at work and manifested in the life and movement of that order. The neo-classical admires the permanent pattern; the romantic the persistent flow of harmonized energy.
New-Canadian Letters
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of English-Canadian books published in Canada in 1947.
Nationalism in American Literature
Authors: Clark Harry Hayden
Published: March 2013

Very beautiful, within reasonable limits, is man's love of the familiar and the local, and certainly American literature would be poor without those who have celebrated the forests and fields, the hearths and homes, the aspirations and victories, of the fatherland. Like everything else, however, this love of the local is a matter of proportion. And one may well raise the question whether, during the last half century, under the auspices of science, democracy, and realistic literary theories, American literature has not continued to grow disproportionately national, disproportionately concerned with scenes and situations exclusively local and American. This tendency is evident in the work of such writers as Whitman, Howells, and Garland, not to mention contemporaries such as Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, and Sinclair Lewis; this tendency is encouraged, and its extension urged and prophesied, by such critics as John Macy, Randolph Bourne, Van Wyck Brooks, Lewis Mumford, Vernon Parrington, and Fred Lewis Pattee.
Stefan George: Poet and Prophet
Authors: Helleiner Karl
Published: March 2013

Karl Lamprecht's three volumes Zur jüngsten deutschen Vergangenheit, which form a supplement to the author's Deutsche Geschichte, were intended to set forth the distinctive features of German life about the turn of the present century. Having given a comprehensive survey of two thousand years of German history, the writer decided to offer his readers a conspectus, not only of the political and socio-economic trends, but also, and perhaps chiefly, of the main intellectual and aesthetic currents of his own time. With this purpose in mind Lamprecht made an attempt to analyse the aims and methods of creative production in the fields of contemporary music, painting, and literature. His illustrative material included some specimens of recent lyrical poetry, among them two or three pieces by Stefan George.
The Battle over Brains in Democratic Education
Authors: Barzun Jacques
Published: March 2013

The most striking recent fact in educational affairs on this continent is the new concern with the able student. By concern I mean a growing recognition that here is perhaps an opportunity and many a duty that are neglected in our present system. It was a good many years ago, of course, that the University of Chicago under Mr. Hutchins instituted a plan of acceleration which enabled the alert student to reach the B.A. in two years. But the tendency of educators was then to discuss this plan as an adjunct to the Great Books, and to consider it, rightly or wrongly, as a piece of anti-American, anti-modern snobbery. Now the movement bears a different character. If you read the report entitled General Education for Schools and Colleges, issued by a Committee of the Ford Foundation and published by Harvard University Press, you will see that the idea of selecting and speeding the bright boy is now held to be a logical part of the general education movement and that it is entirely free of snobbish implications or recherché social criticism.
Poetry
Authors: Frye Northrop
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1953.
Publications in French
Authors: Collin
Published: March 2013

Reviews of works published in French in Canada in 1953.
A Theatre for Canada
Authors: Moore Mavor
Published: March 2013

By this standard Canadians are often thought to be past praying for in any creed. We look in the mirror and there is nothing there. Some sceptics have even suggested we have no mirror—that is, none or few of the arts reflective of our character, as these arts have reflected the character of other nations past and present. We own the world's most famous blank face.
The Wheat Problem
Authors: MacGibbon
Published: March 2013

The wheat problem is one of the greater peaks in the vast mountain range of problems thrown up by the Great Depression. The mass of literature dealing with wheat that has accumulated during the last five years is almost as great as the wheat surplus. Wheat prices, wheat carry-overs, wheat-growers' distresses, methods of wheat-marketing, and kindred subjects, with the advent of the depression, quickly exacted attention from statesmen the world over. Many projects of state, such as stabilization boards, preference in tariffs, bonus distributions, import boards, quotas and embargoes, have been inaugurated, all aimed at coping with the difficulties of wheat-growers. Three international conferences have wrestled with the problem, and to the agreement signed last summer in London twenty-two nations attached their signatures—striking testimony to the world-wide importance of wheat.
Reviews
Authors: Zimmerman Alfred , Brett  , Beach Joseph Warren
Published: March 2013

War Memoirs of David Lloyd George, vols. I and II, reviewed by Alfred Zimmerman

Lord Riddell's War Diary, reviewed by Alfred Zimmerman

J. A. Spender and Cyril Asquith, The Life of Herbert Henry Asquith, Lord Oxford and Asquith, vols. I and II , reviewed by Alfred Zimmerman

W. R. Inge, God and the Astronomers, reviewed by G. S. Brett

Pelham Edgar, The Art of the Novel, reviewed by Joseph Warren Beach
Hamlet and the World
Authors: Foster Richard
Published: March 2013

Hamlet has been such a mystery as Sir Philip speaks of—the mystery of its hero as a man and of its meaning as a poem. Within the play-poem itself is the mystery's motive and aura: the motive, as Francis Fergusson has said, of finding and destroying the "hidden imposthume" poisoning Claudius' Denmark, and the aura, to nearly everyone in the play, of Hamlet's inscrutable language of gesture and word. Those who have felt that Shakespeare is hiding occult truths under his surfaces of words, though they may not be sure what the truths are, have been right in their feeling about the nature of Hamlet in particular. For what it is, in addition to being "about" a multiplicity of things, is an articulation of the mystery of the Word in the country of profanation.
Comic Pastoral: Henry James's The Europeans
Authors: Buitenhuis Peter
Published: March 2013

The Europeans was the first really successful "American" story that Henry James wrote. All his previous fictional attempts to capture the personality of Americans at home in their native land had been flawed in various ways. The plots of these earlier stories had been unconvincing or excessively melodramatic, the themes usually fanciful or absurdly morbid. A more fundamental fault was that James tended to see his American characters and their settings through the spectacles of British fiction.
Use and Misuse of "Baroque" as a Critical Term in Literary History
Authors: Hatzfield Helmut
Published: March 2013

For a correct understanding of the use of the term "baroque" in present literary criticism, it seems necessary first to assess the sense and the change of the meaning of the word since its first appearance in history. Recent investigationsl by Juan Corominas, Franco Venturi, Philip Butler, and Marcel Bataillon have brought a little more light into the still obscure history of the word. Two different kinds of origins have been proposed; the Portuguese name for the irregular pearl, pérola barroca, and the Latin mnemotechnic name for a scholastic syllogism, baroco. Most likely the two words together merged to produce the adjective "baroque" with the meaning "odd, striking." Some historical data may give sufficient support to this hypothesis.
Passionate Reverie: W. B. Yeats's Tragic Correlative
Authors: Engelberg Edward
Published: March 2013

As a dramatic theoretician and a dramatist, Yeats has recently been given a good deal of attention. Bnt about the place and meaning of tragedy—and comedy7mdash;in the pattern of his aesthetic something remains to be said. While Yeats undoubtedly had a very good sense of humour, he recoiled from the comic spirit; thongh fearing it, he understood it very well. The threats in comedy were irony and parody, both of which he detected in Wilde and Beardsley, distorting and undercutting the integrity of their art. "I was in despair," he writes in the Autobiography, "at the new breath of comedy that had begun to wither the beauty that I loved, just when that beauty seemed to have united itself to mystery." And, though he responded enthusiastically to Cervantes and Rabelais, Synge and Villon, and cultivated an expert's interest in naughty ballads, it was gusto—another form of passion—which really attracted him, not the comic perceptions of life. The ecstatic moment was, after all, the highest achievement of literary art, and ecstasy was possible only in tragedy. But between the quiet dignity of Greek tragedy and the salty flavour of one of Synge's "reckless" comedies lay the whole spectrum of literary modes. Great combiner that he was, Yeats built into his vision of tragedy, and often into his poems, a tension (he once called it a "quarrel") between the desire to adapt comic gusto, vitality without strain, to the resonant ecstasy of tragedy, passionate and energetic with struggle. This, ultimately, became the dialectic balance between passion and reverie.
Publications in Other Languages
Authors: Kirkconnell Watson
Published: March 2013

Reviews of publications in other languages published in Canada in 1961.
Fiction
Authors: Watt
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1962.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Bonenfant Jean-Charles
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1962.
The Road to Rugby Chapel
Authors: Kerpneck Harvey
Published: March 2013

Shortly after "Rugby Chapel" had been published, in New Poems by Matthew Arnold, 1867, Arnold wrote to his mother, in response to her praise of it:
Caricature in Dickens and James
Authors: Hall William
Published: March 2013

One can distinguish between two kinds of literary caricature: the first may be called the caricature of "likeness"; the second, that of "equivalence." It is the caricature of likeness that most critics have had in mind when they have used the term in, generally, a pejorative sense. Caricature then implies exaggeration, crudity, eccentric romantic inflation, a grotesque sketching of outer appearance that misses, by being superficial, the essential character. At best it is regarded as a technique related to Ruskin's notion of the grotesque with all of its suggestion of a weakness within the caricaturist.
Dickens and the Sentimental Tradition: Mr. Pickwick and My Uncle Toby
Authors: Robison Roselee
Published: March 2013

Soon after The Pickwick Papers burst upon early Victorian England "like a skyrocket," readers began drawing parallels between the young Dickens and comic writers of the eighteenth century, notably Sterne and Fielding. However, apart from making a few general observations upon the resemblance between Sam Weller and Corporal Trim, neither the Victorians nor later generations of readers attempted a sustained analysis of the relationship between Pickwick, Tristram Shandy, and A Sentimental Journey. In a famous contemporary review, the Athenaeum censured Boz for a lack of originality ("He runs closely upon some leading hounds in the humorous pack") and declared The Pickwick Papers to be "made up of two pounds of Smollett, three Ounces of Sterne, a handful of Hook, a dash of grammatical Pierce Egan — incidents at pleasure, served with an additional sauce piquante." With a similar lack of precision, Gissing, in praising the aesthetic and moral superiority of Dombey's Mr. Toots to related figures in modern psychological novels, remarked that Dickens' delight in the "sacred simplicity" of such a character made him "akin to Oliver Goldsmith and the better part of Sterne." General historians of the English novel have also suggested links between the two great humorists, but again without specifying the nature of the affinities which they have sensed. Ernest A. Baker, for example, remarks that a surprising number of late Romantic and Victorian writers — De Quincey, Carlyle, Thackeray, Peacock, and Meredith as well as Dickens — "show traces of Shandeism or of a quality cognate with it"; and Legouis and Cazamian suggest that in the highly idiosyncratic Shandy circle, Sterne created a group of figures which haunted Dickens' imagination: "They [the Shandys] all possess an oddity allied to a naturalness, and are gifted with an inner vitality that overcomes the resistance of judgment, and imposes the feeling of reality through the saving grace of our sympathy; but their outlines are keyed up to an extremely intense pitch; indeed, they only escape being caricatures by the geniality with which they are instinct. Dickens will remember these types."
Reviews
Authors: Bentley Jr.  , Leggatt Alexander , Shaw W. David
Published: March 2013

Geoffrey Keynes, ed., The Letters of William Blake, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

William Blake, The Gates of Paradise: For Children, For the Sexes, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

Geoffrey Keynes, ed., Europe: A Prophecy, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

Geoffrey Keynes, ed., Songs of Innocence and of Experience, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

Anne Malcolmson, ed., William Blake: An Introduction, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

David V. Erdman, ed., A Concordance to the Writings of William Blake, reviewed by G.E. Bentley Jr.

B.N. De Luna, Jonson's Romish Plot: A Study of Catiline and its Historical Context,reviewed by Alexander Leggatt

Roma A. King Jr., The Focusing Artifice: The Poetry of Robert Browning, reviewed by W. David Shaw

Mary Rose Sullivan, Browning's Voices in the Ring and the BOok: A Study in Method and Meaning, reviewed by W. David Shaw

Elvan Kintner, ed., The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett 1845–1846, reviewed by W. David Shaw
Poetry
Authors: Hornyasky Michael
Published: March 2013

Reviews of poetry published in Canada in 1969.
Literary Studies
Authors: Huggett  , Stingle  , Bates Ronald
Published: March 2013

Reviews of literary studies published in Canada in 1969.
Religion
Authors: Wade Donald
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on religion published in Canada in 1969.
Paradise Lost and the Balance of Structures
Authors: Rajan Balachandra
Published: March 2013

Several years ago Arthur Barker observed, in an important essay on the structure of Paradise Lost, that 'the effect of balance more or less characteristic of any work of art frequently arrives in Milton at a mathematical plainness almost suggestive of the counting of lines.' Since then, the 'almost' has been enthusiastically forgotten and the exploration of Milton's mystical mathematics has been carried to a point that is no longer reassuring. Hidden meanings are not always to be expected from a poet who once declared that "the very essence of Truth is plainnesse and brightnes." Nevertheless, poetry has its surprises and the excitements of numerology can be accommodated if they supplement structures which are already in existence and which the untutored eye is capable of perceiving. Difficulties arise when the increment of meaning becomes the meaning itself and when the whole epic is presented to us as resting on the dark foundations of an arcane arithmetic.
The Historic Present in the Dawn in Britain
Authors: Fairley Barker
Published: March 2013

Looking back, it appears that every ten years or so I find myself writing a paper on Doughty's Dawn in Britain. This paper, if I complete it, will presumably be the last and, the Doughty poetry being out of print and virtually unread, a paragraph or two of reminiscence may be permitted. Exactly what year I first read this poem I can't remember, but I can date it approximately by Edward Thomas, whose reviews of it I read shortly after running across his poetry, and I ran across his poetry as soon as it appeared. Was it in 1916? I said to myself that if so good a poet thinks this way about Doughty's epic I had no choice but to read it. I had previously seen only a snatch of Doughty's poetry in a Times Literary Supplement review of his Titans from which I gathered that he might be a better poet than the reviewer thought. Oddly enough, I remember first sensing the quality of T.S. Eliot when a hostile critic read some of him aloud in a public lecture.
Erasmus and Biography
Authors: Philips Margaret
Published: March 2013

When making an attempt to come to some conclusions about the frequent word-portraits Erasmus painted, the first impulse is to apologize for harping on a theme so hackneyed. On further consideration, however, the apologies must take a very different form. The subject involves some of the most fundamental questions about the Renaissance. The danger will be to promise more than one can perform, and formulate queries to which there can be no answer. For the subject really resolves itself into the assessment of character by the men of the Renaissance, how far they were simply renewing the classical conception of personality and how far they took up a new standpoint and ushered in the modern world. Again, whether it is true that biography as we know it was hardly practised during the Middle Ages, and if so, why; and does this distinction operate in favour of the claim made by the humanists that they were bringing back light after darkness – does it justify in fact the idea of a Renaissance? (As the reaction against Burckhardt cleared, it has been possible once more to believe in such an idea.) Again, what is the relationship of painting in words to painting tout court, painting in visual media, and have these word sketches of Erasmus anything to reveal about this much-discussed question? Did he, who wrote so appreciatively of the art of Dürer, have any conscious intention of approximating to visual art?
The Love Triangle in Joyce's 'The Dead'
Authors: Boyd John , Boyd Ruth
Published: March 2013

James Joyce's 'The Dead,' by nearly unanimous consent, is thought to be among the greatest works of short fiction in our language. Yet, curiously, despite general agreement about its worth, anyone who has frequently discussed or taught the story discovers that readers differ radically in their interpretations of its essential elements. Key issues of controversy are the nature of Gabriel Conroy's marriage to Gretta, and the tone and implications of the story's climactic scene. These questions are, of course, interdependent: any interpretation of the hotel-room scene depends upon how one has come to understand and to judge Gabriel and his marriage, from the evidence of the preceding narrative. A sensitive reading of the Michael Furey episode is particularly important in clarifying these issues, and is an element often oversimplified in a way that distorts interpretations of the entire story. Clear resolution of these questions must precede appreciation of the work's full complexity.
Edmund Blunden: War Poet
Authors: Gardner Philip
Published: March 2013

Among the 'New Poems' included at the end of Poems of Many Years, the now standard selection of Edmund Blunden's poetry published in 1957, was one entitled 'Frank Worley, D.C.M., July 1954:' It is a short, graceful requiem for a man whom Blunden had first met almost forty years earlier, when both were fighting in northern France, Worley as a corporal (later a sergeant), Blunden as a young lieutenant.
Translatio: 'Difficult Statement' in Medieval Poetic Theory
Authors: Nims Margaret
Published: March 2013

I have chosen to approach the complicated problem of the poetically difficult at a specific but, it seems to me, focal point: the point where the single word and the single concept come together in a union that is at the same time a conflict. Rhetoricians called the trope translatio or metaphora 'difficult' because, as the force of the term suggests, a word is carried outside its normal semantic range into foreign territory. Metaphor is a linguistic mixed marriage – a word from one family gives its own name to an alien conceptual bride, sensing in the very diversity of the partnership the possibility of a vital and vigorous union. If the match comes off well, it re-enacts in minimal form the most widely-celebrated marriage of the Middle Ages – the marriage of eloquent word with perceptive awareness of things: Mercury again meets Philology.
The Roman Rite and the Origins if the Liturgical Drama
Authors: Flanigan Clifford
Published: March 2013

The liturgical drama and the cultic celebration of the liturgy are obviously closely related to each other. Yet the nature of that relation and the history that liturgy and drama share have not yet been studied in adequate detail. According to Karl Young, the relationship between the liturgy and the liturgical drama was exclusively historical and of only incidental importance; for him 'The plays of the Church owe to the liturgy their very existence and they assimilated much of its piety, splendor, and common sense, but they were powerless to reject its deeper beauty and its pervasive majesty.' Generations of readers and scholars have seemed satisfied with this view. Despite a few largely overlooked important earlier studies, we have only recently begun to realize the extent of our lack of knowledge about both liturgy and liturgical drama. It is now painfully apparent how much we do not know; even the traditional date for the origin of the Visitatio Sepulchri has been disputed. More significantly, the nature and extent of the tie between ritual drama and the liturgical life of early medieval Europe have hardly been studied at all. Even where discoveries have been made and new points of view put forth, they have frequently been advanced with less than full knowledge of professional liturgical scholarship; the new scholarship, like the old, has not fully come to terms with the nature of the liturgy itself, nor has it asked how the history of the drama is affected by the liturgy out of which it grew.
Romans, Récits, Nouvelles, Contes
Authors: Poulin Gabrielle , Dionne Rene
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian fiction published in Canada in 1973.
Poésie
Authors: Blais Jacques
Published: March 2013

Reviews of French-Canadian poetry published in Canada in 1973.
Success and Failure: A Rhetorical Study of the First Two Chapters of Mill's Autobiography
Authors: McDonnell James
Published: March 2013

Few would contend that John Stuart Mill missed his vocation or that he did not succeed in the one for which he was bred. Nor is there much ground for saying that, despite his habitual modesty and frequent self-depreciation, he considered himself a failure. As a matter of fact, his stated reasons for writing his Autobiography imply that it is a success story. His thesis, as stated in the first paragraph, is that his mind was progressive, his education unusual and successful, and that he has incurred debts to those who helped him along the road. But the effect of the Autobiography is much more 'hesitant' than this opening expression of aims would lead us to expect. Underneath the thesis there runs an antithesis which implicitly states: 'My mind was nearly crippled; my education was of dubious benefit; I hate my father.'
'The Reach and Wit of the Inventor': Swift's Tale of a Tub and Hamlet
Authors: Beam Marjorie
Published: March 2013

Swift's solemn declaration that A Tale of a Tub is a completely original literary form, 'that through the whole book he has not borrowed one single Hint from any Writer in the World' (13),' invites the reader's attention not only to individual allusions but to generic parody. Swift's tale-teller, obsessed with literary fashion and morbidly self-conscious about the conventions he is making fun of, attempts to undermine the forms he borrows; his satire of epistles dedicatory, subtitles, digressions, prefaces, and allegories becomes an almost frantic attempt to dissociate himself both from the standards of the ancients and from the degenerate parodies which modem writers have made of the old forms. The tale-teller, like Burton's Democritus Junior; feels inundated by the mass of material pouring off the printing-press; its very copiousness goads him into a counter-offensive, a desperate attempt to assert his individuality in a society which, he feels, is ignoring him and threatening to drown him out. His hypersensitivity to the artificialities of debased literary convention is a way of asserting this superiority. Like Hamlet, he can reject traditional genres on the grounds that there are 'no forms, modes, shapes of grief / That can denote me truly' (1.ii.82); yet, again like Hamlet, who draws attention to the inkiness of his cloak even as he insists 'tis not that alone which reflects his grief, the tale-teller flaunts his easy mastery of the conventions even as he turns them inside out.
Divinity and Wit: Swift's Attempted Reconciliation
Authors: Falle George
Published: March 2013

Swift's assertion in a poem of 1714 that 'He reconcil'd Divinity and Wit" raises certain questions that are not without a characteristic Swiftian complexity. What precisely is involved in his use of the word 'Divinity: and what is his precise understanding of 'Wit' and its functions? If positive definitions are unlikely, one can perhaps begin negatively. It is generally admitted that in the formal sense Swift had little theology and less metaphysics. He was firmly of the opinion that in matters relating to Holy Writ disputation served little if any purpose, and he doubtless agreed with the statement of Tertullian (one of his favourite patristic authors) that 'd iscussion of the Scriptures can avail nothing except to lead, in some sort, to a sheer turning of the stomach or of the brain.' While he certainly had 'thoughts on religion: he avoided theological controversies and preferred to speak of 'Principles of Religion' in accordance with orthodox Christian doctrine 'as the Church holds it' (IX , 77). The matter of , Wit' is more vexing since it brings into play such rhetorical terms as irony and satire and at the same time must frequently be accommodated to a comic perspective and dimension. In ironic satire, which, as in A Tale of a Tub, focuses upon 'the numerous and gross Corruptions in Religion and Learning' (I, 1) - and one might include the 'Argument against Abolishing Christianity' - wit becomes a viable possibility; but in homiletic exhortations to right uses (either iron ic or non-ironic) is Swift successful in effecting the reconciliation of divinity and wit to the same degree? And again, when the spirit of comedy hovers over the area of wit, irony, and satire, can the implications of the human comedy be sustained without sacrificing the autonomy of discrete qualities? Here Gulliver's Travels is clearly a case in point. While the later work may lack the phantasmagoric verbal brilliance of the Tale, the evidence of wit, irony, and satire within the comic context provide a greater critical complexity. It is to questions of this kind that this paper will address itself.
Humanities
Authors: Sparshott
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on the humanities published in Canada in 1976.
Les Etudes Sociales
Authors: Saint-Pierre CÉline
Published: March 2013

Reviews of books on French-Canadian social studies published in Canada in 1976.
The Light Reading of Dr. Johnson
Authors: Smith Florence
Published: March 2013

Every great man has his lighter moments. Dr. Johnson composed the “great whale” periods of the Rambler, made a Dictionary (itself at times very good light reading), edited Shakespeare, and in his old age wrote comfortably mellow and acute Lives of the Poets. He was much concerned about politics and religion. Prodded judiciously at intervals by Boswell, he discoursed wisely and wittily on such diverse subjects as matrimony, methods of shaving, and the wretchedness of a sea-life. He noted, as a traveller with an inquiring mind, the treelessness of Scotland and the grossness of French manners. But he had his undress moments, when he was neither author nor sage nor observer, and some of them were spent in reading novels.