bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Науково-технічні проблеми підвищення експлуатаційних та технічних характеристик двигунів для авіаційної техніки
Authors: Торба Юрій Іванович
Published: June 2022

У доповіді розглянуто окремі результати науково-дослідних та дослідно-конструкторських робіт у галузі проєктування та створення перспективних газотурбінних двигунів нового покоління, а також вдосконалення сучасних технологій, спрямованих на підвищення експлуатаційних і технічних характеристик двигунів для авіаційної техніки. Роботи виконувалися в рамках Угоди про науково-технічне співробітництво ДП «Івченко-Прогрес» з науковими установами і організаціями НАН України. Наголошено на перспективності такої науково-технічної співпраці, необхідності її подальшого розвитку й розширення зв’язків між фахівцями ДП «Івченко-Прогрес» та науковцями НАН України в галузі авіаційного двигунобудування.
Оцінки соціально-психологічного стану населення України в умовах війни
Authors: Дембіцький Сергій Сергійович
Published: June 2022

У доповіді наведено результати соціологічних досліджень, проведених напередодні воєнної агресії Російської Федерації проти України та вже під час повномасштабного вторгнення РФ на територію нашої країни, які відображають певні тенденції і зміни у стані суспільної свідомості та психоемоційному самопочутті українців в умовах повномасштабної війни.
ВЗАЄМОЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЗМІН АМІНОКИСЛОТНОГО СКЛАДУ ТА АКТИВНОЇ КИСЛОТНОСТІ КОНЦЕНТРАТУ БІЛКОВОГО МОЛОЧНОЇ СИРОВАТКИ
Authors: Антюшко Дмитро П.
Published: June 2022

Серед багатьох нутрітивних потреб організму людини однією з основних є забезпечення надходження необхідної кількості білка, що буде належним чином засвоєний. Важливим фактором, що визначає засвоюваність харчового субстрату організмом людини, здатність забезпечення його належного кислотно-лужного балансу та тривалість зберігання продуктів, є їх активна кислотність. У статті представлені результати проведених експериментальних досліджень залежностей змін амінокислотного складу, білкової цінності й активної кислотності концентрату білкового молочної сироватки при зберіганні. У даному високобілковому виробі упродовж 12 місяців зберігання з періодичністю 6 місяців проводили дослідження амінокислотного складу, скору та біологічної цінності білкової складової. Також у ході експерименту кожні 3 місяці визначали активну кислотність 10 %-ого розчину даного продукту. У результаті проведених досліджень були встановлені взаємозалежності змін амінокислотного складу та скору, показників біологічної цінності білкової складової продукту, що піддавався природнім змінам, зокрема окисненню, в процесі зберігання, і рівня його активної кислотності. Базуючись на результатах аналізу змін амінокислотного складу дослідженого продукту та рівня активної кислотності його розчину в процесі зберігання, визначено їх взаємозалежність. Експериментально підтверджено, що амфотерні властивості білка обумовлені наявністю в складі виробу амінокислот із різними значеннями електронейтральності і ізоелектричних точок. Основними амінокислотами, що забезпечують його лужні властивості є аргінін, лізин і гістидин; кислотні – аспарагінова і глутамінова кислоти. Визначено, що концентрація даних амінокислот у продукті значною мірою визначає рівень його активної кислотності. Отримані результати дослідження свідчать про важливість урахування змін значення показника активної кислотності для оцінки рівня якості продуктів із значним вмістом білкової складової, що має особливе значення при моделюванні, виробництві та впровадженні на ринку спеціальних харчових продуктів.
ВПЛИВ РІЗНИХ УМОВ ВОЛОГОТЕРМІЧНОГО ОБРОБЛЕННЯ НА ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ КАРТОПЛЯНОГО КРОХМАЛЮ
Authors: Денг Чунлі , Мельник Оксана Ю. , Луо Янхе
Published: June 2022

Дана робота присвячена оцінюванню впливу часу та температури нагрівання, різного вмісту вологи в процесі вологотермічного оброблення картопляного крохмалю (HMT) на процес набухання, розчинність, стабільність при заморожуванні-розморожуванні, текстуру та інші фізико-хімічні властивості. Були підготовлені зразки з різним часом нагрівання (tHMT), зразки з різною температурою нагрівання (THMT) та різним вмістом вологи у зразках модифікованого  картопляного крохмалю. Досліджено вплив вологотермічного оброблення на набухання, розчинність, стабільність при заморожуванні-розморожуванні, ретроградацію, прозорість та текстуру нативного картопляного крохмалю (NS) і крохмалю, що зазнав вологотермічного оброблення (HMT). Статистичний аналіз результатів проводили за допомогою дисперсійного аналізу (ANOVA). Результати досліджень показали, що прозорість та стійкість до ретроградації картопляного крохмалю після HMT зменшилися, розчинність та набухання змінювались в залежності від температури гелеутворення. Вологотермічне оброблення може значно вплинути на структурно-механічні властивості крохмальних клейстерів, а твердість, липкість, жувальна здатність та пружність крохмальних гелей після HMT спочатку значно збільшувались, а потім зменшувались із часом оброблення. Невеликий час нагрівання (< 1.5 год), відносно низька температура нагрівання (< 100 °С) та низький вміст вологи (< 25 %) HMT можуть значно поліпшити текстурні властивості крохмальних гелей. Фізична модифікація крохмалю забезпечує підвищення функціональної активності та екологічної безпеки, а дослідження властивостей розробленого продукту дозволить використовувати модифікований крохмаль у виробництві структурованих продуктів харчування.
КАРКАСНІ АРИЛСУЛЬФОНАМІДИ ТА ЇХ АНТИМІКРОБНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ
Authors: Пальчиков Віталій О. , Діль Катерина В. , Манько Назар О. , Фінюк Наталія С. , Новікевич Ольга Т. , Походило Назарій Т.
Published: June 2022

Арилсульфонаміди, що містять (аза)норборнан, 3-азабіцикло[3.2.1]окт-6-ен та схожі фрагменти, були відібрані та протестовані на антимікробну активність до п’яти ключових ESKAPE патогенних бактерій, однієї грампозитивної бактерії, стійкої до метициліну Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), чотирьох грамнегативних бактерій, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 700603), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606) і Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) і протигрибкову активність відносно двох патогенних штамів Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) та Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii (H99; ATCC 208821). Одна сполука з 4-нітрофенілсульфонамідним фрагментом продемонструвала високу активність щодо метицилін-резистентного Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300). Сполука VP-4606 має низьку цитотоксичність щодо псевдонормальних клітин ліній HaCaT, Balb/c 3T3 та мітоген-активованих лімфоцитів, виділених із здорової дорослої периферичної крові здорового донора до 2,5 мМ.
ПІРОЛІЗ ТА КІНЕТИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕРМІЧНОГО РОЗКЛАДАННЯ ШКАРАЛУПИ ВОЛОСЬКОГО ГОРІХА ТА МІСЦЕВОГО ВУГІЛЛЯ
Authors: Масуд Хафіз Мікдад , Алі Наджаф , Ашраф М. , Шоаіб Мухаммад
Published: June 2022

Попередня обробка пакистанського вугілля є серйозною проблемою. Тому в цьому дослідженні використовується суміш вугілля та шкаралупи волоського горіха для збагачення великої кількості вугілля за допомогою шкаралупи волоського горіха. У цьому дослідженні використовували співвідношення обох видів сировини 50 : 50, яка піролізувалися в реакторі з нерухомим шаром. Термічне розкладання суміші шкаралупи волоського горіха і вугілля було досліджено за допомогою ТГ-ДТА аналізу при різних швидкостях нагрівання 10, 20 і 25 °C/хв. За 427 °C і 25 °C/хв спостерігалося максимальне розкладання суміші, що вказує на те, що 26.4 % біомасла та 39 % фракції біовугілля можуть бути використані як паливо. Мінімальна кількість краща для активації енергії при низькій конверсії, а найбільша кількість енергії активації 190 кДж/моль отримується при конверсії 0.6. Біовугілля, отримане після піролізу суміші шкаралупи волоського горіха та деревного вугілля, також було охарактеризовано за допомогою технічного аналізу, а елементний аналіз показав, що частка сірки знизилася з 4.48 % до 0.85 %, а теплотворна здатність збільшилася до 22.4 МДж/кг.
Los tiempos del pasado en la clase de ELE: Tres manuales bajo la lupa
Authors: Gómez-Pablos Beatriz
Published: June 2022

Past tenses present an objective difficulty in the learning process for most students of Spanish as a foreign language. This paper provides a comparative analysis of three Spanish methods: Nuevo Español en marcha, Embarque ELE and Nuevo Sueña, at levels A1-A2. The textbooks belong to three prestigious and internationally established Spanish publishers. The analysis focuses on the presentation of three verb tenses (pretérito perfecto simple, pretérito perfecto compuesto and pretérito imperfecto), the similarities and differences that the textbooks share in their exposition and the successes and errors perceivable in them. The main objective is to make a constructive proposal to improve the teaching of these verb tenses in SFL classes
Relación del desempeño laboral y la salud mental durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Guadamuz Rojas Pamela
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los efectos que generó la aplicación del teletrabajo debido a la declaración de pandemia por la enfermedad de COVID-19, las medidas tomadas por las organizaciones en Costa Rica para la promoción de la salud mental y los efectos en la salud reportados por las personas trabajadoras. Para ello se utilizó una metodología mixta de carácter exploratorio, con la participación de 88 personas; 44 seleccionaron género masculino, 43 género femenino. Los resultados reportaron que la mayoría de las organizaciones sí realizaron actividades para la promoción de la salud mental. Además, se reportó que el desempeño laboral del personal  mejoró; no obstante, se reporta un incremento de síntomas como el insomnio, agotamiento tanto físico como mental, entre otros. Se concluye que, si bien se realizaron actividades para la promoción de la salud mental y el desempeño reportado ha mejorado, de igual forma se identifica una afectación en la salud mental; por lo que se evidencia la necesidad de continuar investigaciones sobre el impacto de la situación actual en la salud mental y el desempeño laboral.
Metodologias ativas no ensino de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Andrade Adriano Barreira de , Andrade Thaysi Castro Coelho , Martins Silvana Neumann , Strohschoen Andreia Aparecida Guimarães
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo analisa o uso de metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem no curso de Ciências Contábeis. Objetiva-se investigar como o uso de metodologias ativas em sala de aula, considerando a aplicação da estratégia: Problem Based Learning (PBL), promove a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da autonomia de graduandos em Ciências Contábeis. Utilizou-se a abordagem quali-quantitativa, sendo uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. Trata-se de uma aproximação ao estudo de caso, tendo sido utilizados questionários aplicados no início e no final da experiência, em uma turma de graduandos em Ciências Contábeis na disciplina Arbitragem e Perícia Contábil. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma IES localizada em Palmas – TO. Segundo os relatos dos estudantes, após a participação em aulas baseadas no PBL, houve melhora na aprendizagem e aumento do desenvolvimento da autonomia acadêmica. Cabe ressaltar que a habilidade de trabalhar em equipe, citada inúmeras vezes pelos sujeitos da pesquisa como o item que mais demandou atenção, bem como a habilidade de superar as dificuldades apresentadas, foram essenciais para o sucesso na solução do problema proposto no estudo.
Palavras-chave: Ensino da Contabilidade; formação profissional; Ensino Superior; estratégias pedagógicas.
Composition of naturally occurring compounds decreases activity of Omicron and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex
Authors: Goc Anna , Rath Matthias , Niedzwiecki Aleksandra
Published: June 2022

Naturally-occurring compounds are acknowledged for their broad antiviral efficacy. Little is however known about their mutual cooperation. Here, we evaluated in vitro efficacy of the defined mixture of agents against the RdRp complex of the original SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant. This composition of vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, quercetin, naringenin, baicalin, and broccoli extract showed to inhibit activity of RdRp/nsp7/nsp8 both these variants. In vitro exposure of recombinant RdRp complex to individual compounds of this composition pointed to quercetin as the driving inhibitory compound. The outcome of this study supports the motion of antiviral efficacy of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron and implies that their reciprocal or mutual interaction may augment antiviral action through simultaneous effect on different mechanisms. Consequently, this makes it more difficult for an infectious agent to evade all these mechanisms at the same time. Considering the urgency in finding effective prevention, but also side-effects free treatment of COVID-19 our results call for clinical affirmation of the benefits of this micronutrient combination in both preventive and therapeutic aspects. Whether observed effects can be achieved, by concentrations of the active agents used in these in vitro experiments, in in vivo or clinical setting warrants further study.
Bartók's Most Daring Concept of a Palindromic Structure: The Sonata-Form Opening Movement of the Fifth Quartet
Authors: Somfai László
Published: June 2022

In movement I of String Quartet no. 5 inversion shapes of the themes are recapitulated in reverse order – probably the most daring concept of a palindromic structure of a sonata-form movement in Bartók's realm. After all, for him a strict hin und zurück form with strong thematic characters was unthinkable. Already the strategy of this opening movement involved danger. If Theme I after a transition leads to Theme II, which leads to Theme III, as a dramatic series of actions, how could the reverse order of these themes be “natural”? To minimize the danger, in this movement Bartók reconsidered the usual dramaturgy of the exposition. Instead of a continuous growth of the musical “scenes” welded together, he presented three thematic blocks very much different in character, heavily punctuated by fragments of the first theme. Therefore, dramatic contrast rather than organic development is the key term, and so the reverse order of the thematic blocks in the recapitulation is less artificial.
Concealed Fragmentariness: On the Compositional Process of Bartók's String Quartets
Authors: Nakahara Yusuke
Published: June 2022

The present paper is a preliminary study to a deeper understanding of Bartók's compositional process: how he filled the music paper even if the notation appears continuous. He did not always write the draft from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner but occasionally skipped some measures or phrases that he intended to write down later. Thus, the continuity draft is not necessarily regarded as a continuity; it might have consisted of fragments but they have been eventually concealed in the final form of the draft. This may directly affect our interpretation of Bartók's creative process. The present research takes the visual appearance of a draft as a clue to examine its hypothetical fragmentariness. Beginning with the examination of some actual blank spaces that were never filled, the paper deals with cases where the original existence of fragments is suggested by the extraordinary appearance of the draft, such as a blank space at the end of a system, notations in the margin, re-organization of bar-lines, etc. Besides systematic approaches to fragmentariness, the author offers some interpretation concerning the reasons why Bartók did not write the draft in an ordinary way. There might have been different explanations for the interruption of the linear compositional process. One of the important findings of this paper is that Bartók's bar-lines do not always mark metric accents but sometimes simply facilitate the performers' orientation. Even though the occasional special function of some of his bar-lines as mere markers of orientation is explained by Bartók in a letter to Rudolf Kolisch, the existence of philological evidence to this effect may further underline its validity and importance.
Handel's Magic World: Hidden Complexity in Arias of Zoroastro in Orlando by George Frideric Handel
Authors: Xu Jing
Published: June 2022

This article examines Handel's opera Orlando from the period of the new Royal Academy of Music (1729–1734). Handel's operas contain many compelling musical elements which impart information and contribute to the richness of his dramatic acts. This article illustrates the various components of compositional practices such as harmonic progression, rhythm, key changes, and chromaticism in Orlando. The second part explores the application of his theatrical gesture of opera. His music releases the meaning of the texts and conveys the content of expression to the audience in a unique way. Finally, this article studies and examines the overture and three arias of the character Zoroastro from Handel's Orlando by comparing several adjacent arias as a group. By studying the role of Zoroastro, we will find that Handel's musical language in opera contains a hidden complexity displayed through the following: expression of tonality and key signature; certain qualities or characteristics of a wider range both in the vocal line and orchestra; and application of ostinato and cross-rhythm in order to enhance the textual meaning. The study shall benefit our ongoing comprehension of Handel's power for evoking the audience's interest, attention, and admiration which are identified when listening to, performing, and analyzing his arias.
The Invisible Church: C. P. E. Bach, Die Israeliten in der Wüste ‒ A Freemasonic Oratorio?
Authors: Dolinszky Miklós
Published: June 2022

The miracle narrative of the first oratorio by C. P. E. Bach – the escape of the people of Israel from the thirst death by Moses – comes from the Book of Exodus. In the course of the second part of the work, however, the figure of Moses is unexpectedly taken over by the Redeemer. The place turns out to be a paraphrase of Genesis 3:15. In the context of the German Enlightenment the biblical story can be interpreted as a reference to the assimilation process of the Jewish community. The composed libretto includes an interpolation, which speaks about the real advent of the Messiah, thus placing the work among the representatives of the messianic-cult of the Enlightenment. The interpolated text section focuses on the religion above religions as imagined by the latitudinarianism of the leading philosophers of the Enlightenment and testifies to the Masonic spirit in it. The text of the final chorus re-interprets the church dedication (the original function of Bach’s oratorio) as the dedication of the invisible Church: the soul.
Die Serenata con una Cantatina von Ignaz von Seyfried (1805)
Authors: Gasche David
Published: June 2022

The Serenata con una Cantatina by Ignaz von Seyfried is a particular work for choir, soloists and Harmoniemusik, which was performed in 1805 for a courtly occasion. The music is above all entertaining, but certain objectives, probably imposed by Empress Maria Theresia, are in the background. The objective is to understand how Seyfried combines a festive but cultivated music with social and political purposes. The origins of the score and the creation process are first considered. The issues at stake are exemplified by an analysis of the different movements, particularly the Quolibet. This study aims to reveal the composer's engagement, the performance practice as well as the reception of this work a time when the Harmoniemusik was very successful in Vienna.
Financial Development, Integration, Inclusion, and Economic Growth: Co-Integrating Relationships and Threshold Analysis
Authors:   BA ISAGO University, Botswana, Chiwira Oscar
Published: June 2022

This study examines the short and long-run relationships between financial development, integration, inclusion, and economic growth in SADC, as well as the corresponding threshold levels. Covering the period 1995 to 2020, the ARDL technique was used to test for co-integrating relationships, and the GLS was utilized for the determination of the respective threshold levels. The study establishes that bank credit to the private sector negatively affects economic growth in the long run. Most SADC countries were still operating below their respective minimum financial development threshold levels. It is observed that there are no threshold levels for financial integration in SADC, although the result, compared with the threshold levels of financial development seems to suggest that the financial domestic system and some level of economic development are a prerequisite for financial integration decisions. The financial inclusion threshold level for poor SADC countries is low. Yet most of these countries had the highest mobile banking facilities in the region. One possible indication can be that these countries may be operating at financial inclusion levels detrimental to economic growth. Financial development, along with its facets of financial integration and financial inclusion, is found to be the driver of economic growth in SADC. SADC countries, therefore, need to establish a strategic mix of these facets of financial development for the realization of significant economic growth.
Nurty myśli politycznego marginesu. Sprzeczności i niedopowiedzenia
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Malendowicz Paweł
Published: June 2022

The main issue of this article are the insignificant trends of political thought and their contradictions and understatements. The article describes the following trends of political thought: anarchism, communism, nationalism, monarchism, transhumanism, primitivism, ruralism and also National anarchism, National Bolshevism and Slavophilism. These trends of political thought are characterized by internal contradictions and opposition to democracy.
Zmiany sensu pojęcia „sprawiedliwości społecznej” w perspektywie celów państwa socjalnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Stoiński Andrzej
Published: June 2022

Since the 40’s of the nineteenth century the term “social justice” has played an increasing role in political reflection. The main subject of this paper is a meaning ascribed to the idea of “social justice” in the face of goals of welfare state. From this point of view very important are various senses of the notion. It can be distinguished in this area at least two related aspects. The first refers to characteristic of the justice itself. It can be described as a virtue, norm or right. The second one applies to the particular type of justice identified with social justice. In this respect relevant are: legal, distributive and retributive (or commutative) justice. Aside from that, social justice is also treated as an idea of equality or solidarity in social environment.
Kompetencje i zadania Prezesa Rady Ministrów i Rady Ministrów w ramach polityki bezpieczeństwa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Sokołowski Adam
Published: June 2022

In the article the author has analyzed the public administration competent for security policy, centered under the aegis of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers itself. By reviewing the most important legal acts, and based on texts were included the competences and tasks of the institutions established to protect the life and health of citizens of the Republic of Poland, during the time of warand peace. Leaning at scientific journals author described the main functions of institutions that support government and the prime minister in the security policy. By making analysis and based on the descriptions, author reveals changes in the process of creating of institutions protecting internal and external security together under the umbrella of government activity as executive power.
Sytuacja polityki mieszkaniowej w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Skinder Marcin , Sokołowski Adam ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Published: June 2022

The aim of the paper is to present the situation of housing policy in the kuyavian-pomeranian voivodeship against the background in Poland. Using the methods of statistical research, the authors defined the state of housing in the region and on this basis they defined the strategic directions of the housing policy of the voivodship. The research shows that there are profound differences in the area of meeting the housing needs depending on the type of settlement (large cities, other cities, villages). In addition, the level of satisfaction of housing needs in the voivodeship is lower than in the whole country. As a result, a policy is needed to reduce the differences in the voivodeship and to achieve a national average in meeting the housing needs of the region.
Aspiracje życiowe młodych Polaków w kontekście zmieniającej się rzeczywistości – raport z badań
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Trempała Wojciech , Rajek Martyna ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Pazderska Agnieszka ,   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Published: June 2022

In this article the authors are presenting the outcomes of their own studies about life goals of young adults in Poland. The empiric material was collected from January till May 2015, on the amount of 700 people who are living in Kujawy and Pomorze province, in age between 16 and 24 years. Main research aim was attempt to answer the questions: (1) Does current world geopolitical situation has an influence on distraction of feeling safety among young adults and their expectation about their own future. (2) Does modern culture and hybridization of contemporary lifestyles affect declared life aspirations of young Poles? (3) Does the current political, economic and social situation in Poland affect attitudes and decisions about the future of young adults in the country?
Политические устремления казахстанской молодежи
Authors:   Kazachski Narodowy Uniwersytet im. Al-Farabi, Abdiraiymova Gulmira , Shnarbekova Meruert ,   Kazachski Narodowy Uniwersytet im. Al-Farabi
Published: June 2022

In the article data presented from the sociological research conducted in 2015 indicate that the participation of youth in politics and the interest is very low. Monitoring of political orientations in the projection on regional identity showed some significant differences: the youth of the “Northern”, “Western” and “Eastern” regions is with a tendency to the “troubled” perception of the political situation, while respondents of “Southern” and “Central” regions with the “neutral” assessment of and with a high degree of political tolerance and displaying the ability to political discourse. The political profile of young Kazakhs is characterized by a greater degree of uncertainty. Also, the boundaries of political preferences are blurred: the main factors of the formation of the ideological and political positions are to the greater extent cultural (preferences and stereotypes) rather than social factors.
Prawa pamięci w kontekście art. 17 EKPC – prawo do negacjonizmu czy negacjonizm prawa pamięci?
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wiczanowska Hanna
Published: June 2022

The objective of the article hereto is to present the mechanisms of the memory rights’ protection within the Strasbourg system, based upon the literal resonance of the European Convention of Human Rights and judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Such topic will be subjected to analysis through the legal-dogmatic method which relies upon the construction of the concrete provisions of the Convention as well as jurisprudence of ECHR. The basic hypothesis of the author is the existence of the double standards of memory rights’ protection against negationism, depending from the type of denied memory right.
Rocznice urodzin weteranów Komunistycznej Partii Chin w polityce wewnętrznej Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Brona Adrian
Published: June 2022

This article analyses functions of birthday commemoration of veterans of Communist Party of China. Content analyses of official ceremonial speeches and case study was applied to research ceremonies of 120th anniversary of Mao Zedong birthday and 100th anniversary of Xi Zhongxun, Hu Yaobang and Liu Huaqing birthdays. The study is based on Maurice Halbwachs’s concept of collective memory. The results shows legitimizing function of those events – both of party rule over China and Xi Jinping leadership in the party.
Stosunki polsko-gruzińskie w latach 1918 – 1921
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Włodarczyk Magdalena
Published: June 2022

The tradition of Polish-Georgian relations is many centuries old. It manifested itself differently over the course of history, originally based on the ideology of the Sarmatism and a diplomatic alliance in the war against Turkey. Later, when they were annexed by the Russian Empire, it was based on their fight for independence against a common enemy. Their relations have a political and historical background, and are associated with the resettlement policy of Russia. Establishing diplomatic relationships during the short period of the Democratic Republic of Georgia’s existence meant acknowledging Georgia internationally, first de facto, and then de iure. The cooperation was focused mainly on providing safe return for large Polish minority living in Transcaucasia, and on Marshal Józef Piłsudzki’s federalist agenda which supported newly emerged states. Both countries’ relations were reinforced by signing a military alliance and creating Polish-Georgian Industrial and Trade Union. The cooperation was finally ended by Soviet Russia’s assault on Georgia in year 1921.
Pojęcie „socjalizmu” w myśli politycznej Alexisa de Tocqueville’a
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Scovil Jonathan
Published: June 2022

The article presents an analysis of an original conception of socialism outlined in the works of Alexis de Tocqueville. The author begins with a brief presentation of historical context in which the views of French thinker were shaped, referring to his experiences from the period of the July Revolution of 1830 and the February Revolution of 1848. The author goes on to detailed analysis of his definition of socialism, making an indispensable reference to his republican conception of freedom and the role of a citizen in democracy. Finally, the author looks at Tocquevillian vision of genesis of socialist ideas, associated by him with anxiety, which democratic system inevitably generates.
Rewolucja nihilizmu. Narodowy socjalizm a realizm polityczny w myśli Hermanna Rauschninga
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Ambrożek Mateusz
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the political realism of Hermann Rauschning. Briefly discussing the historical backgrounds of Rauschning’s views, the theory of political realism with its version in the German author, the distinction of two types of realism, and the compilation of theory and practice. The author wanted to emphasize the defensive character of the Rauschning’s realism aimed at defending the state of possession before the National Socialist revolution. Rauschning did not require realists to create new approaches- it was based on the premise that continuing the policy of peaceful development of relations between states would sustain a prosperous situation. In the topic of two types of realism, Rauschning listed the perfect realism, based on the previously mentioned defense of state of possession and national-socialistic realism, which was based on subordinating the rules of political action to abstract purposes. According to Rauschning, such action distorted the sense of realism, because on the one hand it blurred the boundary between real policy conditioning and ideological flattening; On the other hand, it provided the opportunity to pursue a political scenario that was incompatible with the vital interests of the community, which fell under the jurisdiction of the authority. The author also listed extensively the dangers associated with the distorted use of the determinants of the theory of realism, which led to the loss of primordial significance by universal political concepts.
Retoryka populistyczna w parlamentarnej kampanii wyborczej w Republice Czeskiej z 2017 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Kasprzak Tomasz
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the history of the populist dimension. Populism is depicted in this article as a phenomenon with many planes of conceptualization. In order to combine the considerations of populism and the party system, Czech groups have been investigated, which can be included in the current commonly called modern populism in modern politics. The subject of the study was not marginal groups, including detached parties, and those which have been present on the Czech political scene since 1993: ČSSD, ODS, TOP09, KDU-ČSL, ANO 2011, KSČM.
Impeachment w Hispanoameryce w latach 1993 – 2015 w ujęciu komparatywnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Walewicz Piotr
Published: June 2022

Sudden changes in power and unfinished terms have been a part of Latin American politics since the countries’ birth. For more than one and a half century they had been made by way of coup d’état or revolution. However, the “third wave” of democratization brought new, democratic and legal ways to remove the most important people from power. The article aims to compare specific cases of impeachment, which took the place of the coup, although the political, economic and social background differs in each case. The analysis showed that some patterns are noticeable, like removing a president after a corruption scandal or because he had not fulfilled his campaign promises or because of mass demonstrations of discontent with neoliberal reforms. Impeachment is a very welcome alternative to any use of force, but at the same time its high frequency proves that there are some faults in the political systems.
Priorytety polityki zagranicznej Koreańskiej Republiki Ludowo-Demokratycznej i Republiki Korei
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Danielewski Mateusz
Published: June 2022

In this article, author want to analyze the priorities of foreign policies of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea. In order to achieve the above aim of research, author of this work put a few basic research questions: what are the priorities of North Korean foreign policy and what are the priorities of South Korean foreign policy? The author used the analysis method to demonstrate the originality of this paper. The article allows to pay attention to the extent to which national interests and foreign policies of both Korea differ from each other. The subject of this article has not been studied in polish scientific articles. The author has attempted to fill this gap. North Korea’s foreign policy is focused on surviving regime in the international arena. The priority of foreign policy of the Republic of Korea is primarily the pursuit of deepening economic cooperation with China, Japan, Russia and the United States.
Partnerstwo NATO–Szwecja
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Szczepaniak Bartosz
Published: June 2022

Article characterizes relations between most powerful military pact – Northern Atlantic Pact and neutral state – Sweden. In this article is analyzing cooperation on military ground, non-military ground and it is also analyzing aspects of cooperation involving neutral status of Sweden, Crimea annexation and growing danger from Russia. Studies connected to main theme of article were based on official documents od NATO, press notes or official releases. Main reason of article is to answer on question if neutral state can cooperate with NATO and can we say that between NATO and Sweden exists partnership relation. Except of above issues, in this article I will try to define neutrality, neutral policy and partnership. After made analysis of available documents, emphatically we can agree that partnership between NATO and Sweden exists.
Międzynarodowy Komitet „Błękitna Tarcza” w systemie ochrony dóbr kultury
Authors:   Urząd Miasta Torunia, Iwaszkiewicz Joanna
Published: June 2022

The aim of the article is to present the functioning of the International Committee on the Blue Shield in the system of protection of cultural property in the conditions of war and natural disasters. The author has analyzed the problem through the prism of the international legal status of protection of cultural goods and the practical activities of the International Committee of the Blue Shield in the world and in Poland. The protection of cultural property in the context of military threats and natural disasters is an important element of the state’s cultural policy and of the international community’s activities carried out under international law. In spite of over one hundred years of improvement of the law of cultural heritage protection, numerous cultural objects have been destroyed. The ineffectiveness of state protection has contributed to the protection of international NGOs. One of them is the International Board of the Blue Shield, which brings together national committees dedicated to the preparation of the protection of cultural property during conflicts and natural disasters. Non-governmental organizations provide greater opportunities for the protection of cultural goods in a variety of threats.
Exploring the Relationship between Metalinguistic Knowledge and Communicative Competence of Chilean EFL Teacher Trainees
Authors: Donoso Eladio
Published: June 2022

There is enough evidence that Metalinguistic Knowledge (MK) benefits second language (SL) and foreign language (FL) learners’ communicative skills and SL and FL teachers’ classroom performance, therefore it should be an important component in SL and FL teacher training. Very little is known, however, about Chilean English as Foreign Language (EFL) teacher trainees, who are, at the same time, language learners. The study reported here aimed to find out the correlation and regression of future Chilean EFL teachers’ MK and their Communicative Competence (CC).  In order to measure their MK, two tests were used: the Metalinguistic Knowledge Test and the Grammaticality Judgement Test. In regard to their CC, the grades of the English CC Development Course were considered. The participants were 59 first year EFL teacher trainees of an EFL teacher training program of a Chilean university. General results show that there is a positive moderate correlation between MK and CC and that the GJT and the MKT explain 26,5 % of the CC Final Grade.
The religiosity on late medievale Mazovia (from the study of the episcopal's books of diocesan archive of Płock)
Authors: Stawski Marek
Published: June 2022

The article is a suggestion of a possible direction of research on the question of medieval religiosity postulated in the literature. The medieval Acta episcopalia preserved almost entirely in the Diocesan Archives in Płock give a very interesting picture of the church life in Mazovia in the area of the diocese of Płock. Bishop’s court dealt with cases which for some reason were disturbing the conscience of the faithful and at the same time were a testimony of their religious sensitivity and awareness. The bishop had to settle incidents of dishonesty and unreliability of the presbyters, their immoral behaviour, but also marital problems, often associated with the intimate sphere of human feelings. Paradoxically, the negative image of the clergy of that time is also a positive testimony of community’s approach to the issue of faith and religion. It is also extremely important that the bishop's court, it seems, treated in a similar way testimonies of people of noble origin, townsmen or peasants. Similarly, bishop’s court paid due attention to the relations or complaints brought by women from various states, and in the eyes of church officials they had the same value as those made by men. All this makes the book of episcopal activities an extremely important historical source, bringing a lot of interesting information also in the field of social culture.
Developing Somatic Writing from the Perspective of the Feldenkrais Method
Authors: Pentikäinen Johanna
Published: June 2022

Embodied practices have not yet been widely studied in the field of creative writing, although writing is a core medium of emotional understanding. This article aims to develop connection between creative writing and a certain somatic approach, Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement practice, by seeking interlapping areas of interest and concepts, such as attention, and voice. This setting of writing and somatic practice into dynamic interplay aims to create an understanding of how the body‘s embodied knowledge, ability to sense, learn, and change can affect writing. The possible contact points of Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement method and creative writing practice have potential to improve writers‘ relationship to their practice and medium, and additionally, the discussion presented in this article en- widens our understanding of creative writing. Some Feldenkrais body mapping techniques, like using constraints and freedom and differentiation and combination, can be further applied in writing practices.
Dynamics of a Lasting Marriage
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, Australia, Zander Viktor
Published: June 2022

This research in the area of social philosophy is a creation of an integrative theory, which addresses the question of what makes a marriage a lasting marriage. Sources of information are scientific results of different specialists in the field of close relationships and marriage. In the process of research and reflection, the following social-scientific theory arose: the dynamic of a lasting marriage is realised through such drivers as Meaning, Love, Commitment, Trust and Ritual. This dynamic is realised by interaction of these drivers. Love constitutes the foundation for all close relationships. The metaphysical basis, meaning, is necessary for the emergence and existence of commitment. Commitment fosters and encourages love as an attitude. Ritual is commitment expressed by actions and is responsible for loving actions. The most vivid and experimental of them is the sex act, in which all drivers of the dynamic of a lasting marriage are realised practically. It takes meaning from the highest purposes, such as morals, expediency, duty. Sex is an expression of love, and its repetition again and again is indeed a ritual. And in order to support the exclusivity, frequency and custom of this love and ritual commitment is crucial. For full realisation of sexual intimacy, which arises from love, ritual and commitment, we need trust. This way the sex act is an existential means for the interaction of all drivers of a lasting marriage. Contribution of this work consists in unifying already studied and known drivers into a joint structure, where each of them in its own right contributes to emergence, maintenance and strengthening of close relationships. The newness of this research consists in the dynamics of interaction which creates an existential structure which maintains and fosters a lasting marriage, as an emerging property.
Portrait of Kirill Razumovsky by Pompeo Girolamo Batoni
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation, Belyaev Vasily , Makarova Nina ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the portrait of Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, painted in Rome in 1766 by the famous artist Pompeo Girolamo Batoni. The portrait has features characteristic of portraits of travelers making the Grand Tour of Europe. In the second half of the 18th century, these were usually young aristocrats completing their education. Young people studied at the best universities; acquired extensive communication experience during their stay in major European centers; improved their skills in horseback riding, dancing and swordsmanship in famous academies, and also acquired knowledge of the art of antiquity by visiting Italy. In the portraits of travelers, Batoni emphasized the elegant dignity of the persons depicted; motifs of ancient architecture and sculpture of Rome testified to their good taste. Kirill Razumovsky also commissioned a portrait from the artist during his Grand Tour. However, the Russian count was already a mature man of 38 years old, who experienced a rapid rise in his youth, when he turned from a shepherd boy into a nobleman, and the collapse of hopes for receiving the hereditary title of hetman in Little Russia shortly before his Grand Tour. Comparison of Kirill Razumovsky portrait with the portrait of the young British traveler Thomas Dundas, which is close in composition, reveals the peculiarities of Pompeo Batoni’s work: by making only minor changes in the composition of the works, the painter skillfully conveyed the inner world of the depicted persons.
Computation of the temperature field of multilayer load-bearing structures by numerical methods
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation, Ozerkin Denis V.
Published: June 2022

Modern approaches to the electronic means design include modeling of thermophysical processes occurring in the apparatus being developed. At the same time, a common task in thermophysical modeling is the problem of determining the temperature field of the supporting structure of an electronic device (board, substrate). Knowledge of the quantitative indicators of the supporting structure temperature field directly affects the prediction of the entire electronic device reliability. The load-bearing structures of electronic devices are increasingly made in the form of multilayer structures where conductive, insulating and semiconductor layers can be present. These features impose new requirements on the development of mathematical models, algorithms, application software packages for calculating the temperature fields of the supporting structures of electronic means. The article considers the process of modeling the temperature field for the supporting structures of electronic means using common software systems MathCAD and SolidWorks. The whole variety of supporting structures of electronic means is divided into three categories: conditionally one-dimensional, conditionally two-dimensional and three-dimensional. It is shown that the temperature fields of conditionally one-dimensional (rods) and conditionally two-dimensional (single-layer boards and substrates) structures should be calculated by the finite difference method in the MathCAD software package. Temperature fields of three-dimensional load-bearing structures, including complex geometric configurations, should be calculated using the finite element method in the SolidWorks software package. The developed algorithms for calculating temperature fields are verified by solving a test problem. Comparative analysis has shown that the discrepancy between the calculation results relative to the test problem does not exceed 0.8%. The developed algorithms for calculating the temperature field can be practically useful in the engineering activities of the developer of electronic equipment.
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Authors: keto Capsules Via
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LB Broth Agar Plates with Antibiotics v1
Authors: Clark Bailey
Published: June 2022

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