bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Treatment Costs, and Complications of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Among Women of Working Age: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Xu Ying , Cormier Janice N. , Giordano Sharon , Ridner Sheila H. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Perkins George H. , Elting Linda S.
Published: March 2009

Purpose

This study estimated the economic burden of breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) among working-age women, the incidence of lymphedema, and associated risk factors.

Methods

We used claims data to study an incident cohort of breast cancer patients for the 2 years after the initiation of cancer treatment. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain factors associated with lymphedema. We compared the medical costs and rate of infections likely associated with lymphedema between a woman with BCRL and a matched control. We performed nonparametric bootstrapping to compare the unadjusted cost differences and estimated the adjusted cost differences in regression analysis.

Results

Approximately 10% of the 1,877 patients had claims indicating treatment of lymphedema. Predictors included treatment with full axillary node dissection (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3, P < .001) and chemotherapy (OR = 1.6, P = .01). A geographic variation was observed; women who resided in the West were more likely to have lymphedema claims than those in the Northeast (OR = 2.05, P = .01). The matched cohort analysis demonstrated that the BCRL group had significantly higher medical costs ($14,877 to $23,167) and was twice as likely to have lymphangitis or cellulitis (OR = 2.02, P = .009). Outpatient care, especially mental health services, diagnostic imaging, and visits with moderate or high complexity, accounted for the majority of the difference.

Conclusion

Although the use of claims data may underestimate the true incidence of lymphedema, women with BCRL had a greater risk of infections and incurred higher medical costs. The substantial costs documented here suggest that further efforts should be made to elucidate reduction and prevention strategies for BCRL.
Physician-Related Factors Involved in Patient Decisions to Enroll Onto Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Comis Robert L. , Miller Jon D. , Colaizzi Diane D. , Kimmel Linda G.
Published: March 2009

Purpose:

To examine the attitudes of the public and cancer survivors toward their health-related decisions and cancer clinical trials (CCT) with a particular emphasis on the role of the physician, building on a 2003 report in Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Methods:

An Internet-based survey was performed in March through April 2005, using a subsample from Knowledge Networks' national probability sample of adults. One sample of 1,027 adults was selected to reflect a cross-section of the public. A second sample of 2,027 cancer survivors was selected from the Knowledge Networks adult panel, representing a probability sample of adult cancer survivors in 2005.

Results:

Both the public and cancer survivors rely mainly on their physicians as a key source of health-related information; their physicians are the most trusted health-care professional source of health information, although other sources such as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and professional societies are also rated highly. All three sources rank significantly higher than the other 20 sources examined (P < .05). Only approximately 10% of survivors reported that they were aware of the possibility of CCT participation at the time of their diagnosis, and only 3% reported participation in a CCT. Seventy-three percent of patients aware of a CCT were made aware by a physician. Participation in a CCT was directly related to the level of physician involvement reported by the survivor (P < .01).

Conclusion:

The physician plays a critical role in CCT recruitment. Future increases in patient participation in a CCT will depend on the willingness of physicians to present, explain, and encourage patient enrollment when a CCT is a clinically relevant treatment approach.
Oncology Workforce: Results of the ASCO 2007 Program Directors Survey
Authors: Erikson Clese , Schulman Stacey , Kosty Michael , Hanley Amy
Published: March 2009

The supply of oncologists is projected to increase by 14%, but the demand for oncology visits is projected to increase by 48% because of a growing aging population and an increase in the number of cancer survivors. Multiple strategies must be implemented to ensure continued access to quality cancer care, such as increasing the number of oncology training positions.
Quality of Life Predicts Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Sunitinib Versus Interferon Alfa
Authors: Cella David , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Bushmakin Andrew , Charbonneau Claudie , Li Jim Z. , Kim Sindy T. , Chen Isan , Michaelson M. Dror , Motzer Robert J.
Published: March 2009

In a randomized phase III trial, sunitinib was associated with significantly superior progression-free survival when compared with interferon alfa as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This article investigates whether baseline quality of life and demographic and clinical variables were predictive for progression-free survival.
Adapting Practice in the Face of New Data
Authors: Stokoe Christopher
Published: March 2009

Oncologists are often faced with new information on tests, therapies, and treatment regimens. Determining how to incorporate that data into practice patterns is not easy. Regardless of what motivates you to make a change in practice, the explosion of new oncology data demands that you continually reevaluate how you practice.
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network: Advance Research, Support Patients, and Create Hope
Authors: Fleshman Julie
Published: March 2009

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death as a result of cancer in the United States, and 75% of patients will die within 12 months of diagnosis. The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network wants people to know there is hope, and there are resources available to help them face this disease.
ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion: KRAS, Cetuximab, and Panitumumab—Clinical Implications in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Morton Roscoe F. , Hammond Elizabeth H.
Published: March 2009

ASCO's Provisional Clinical Opinion alerts oncologists to emerging information from recent clinical trials that can assist them in treatment selection. Evidence suggests that cetuximab and panitumumab are ineffective in patients with KRAS mutations at codon 12 or 13. Thus, patients with colorectal cancer with these mutations should be spared the toxicity and cost of an ineffective therapy.
Urban Land Use and the Entrepreneurial State: A case study of Pudahuel, Santiago Chile during the Military Regime (1973-1989)
Authors: Stackhouse Jill
Published: March 2009

Durante el régimen de Pinochet, tanto la ciudad de Santiago como otros lugares de Chile, fueron centros de ejecución de políticas específicas de desarrollo residencial y urbano que complementaron los objetivos económicos conservadores de la dictadura militar. Este artículo presenta como caso de estudio a Pudahuel; un municipio en el oeste de Santiago de Chile, en el cual se ejemplifica la articulación de las decisiones gerenciales del régimen empresarial del estado y el uso del suelo. El articulo también introduce el término "dividendo de lealtad" como un modo de explicar el motivo de la ganancia empresarial durante el régimen de Pinochet. Programas de vivienda social, erradicación de campamentos, así como renovación in situ, densificación poblacional, reorganización municipal y la formación de sociedades público-privadas, configuran un conjunto de acciones promovidas por el estado empresarial que fueron catalizadores significativos en los cambios del paisaje de Pudahuel.
Using GIS to Assess Priorities of Infrastructure and Health Needs of Colonias along the United States-Mexico Border
Authors: Parcher Jean W. , Humberson Delbert G.
Published: March 2009

Las colonias, asentamientos fronterizos no oficiales en los Estados Unidos, han surgido en zonas rurales sin el apoyo y servicios normalmente prestados por los gobiernos locales. Los residentes de las colonias viven en condiciones de pobreza y carecen de acceso a servicios adecuados de atención médica, agua potable y desagüe. Estas condiciones son la fuente de graves riesgos para la salud de sus habitantes y la de las comunidades aledañas. En el año 2001, más de 1,400 colonias fueron identificadas en Texas. La cooperación entre diversas agencias federales y del estado de Texas ha permitido al Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS) mejorar los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) de los límites de las colonias y desarrollar la Herramienta del Estado de Salud, Infraestructura y Catastro de las Colonias (CHIPS). Ambas herramientas, los limites SIG y CHIPS, ayudan al gobierno de Texas a priorizar el uso de fondos limitados que están disponibles para el mejoramiento de la infraestructura pública. El generador de reportes de CHIPS puede ser modificado de acuerdo a las necesidades del usuario, proporcionando resultados generales o específicos. CHIPS está a disposición del público en el sitio Web de la Iniciativa de la Salud Ambiental de la Frontera México-Estados Unidos del Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos http://borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov .
Mapuche Struggles for Land and the Role of Private Protected Areas in Chile
Authors: Meza Laura E.
Published: March 2009

El sistema público de áreas protegidas en Chile tiene varios problemas que restringen su capacidad para conservar la biodiversidad. Debido a que gran parte del territorio es privado, las áreas protegidas privadas son consideradas, cada vez más, como un elemento importante para alcanzar las metas de conservación en el país. Organizaciones no gubernamentales, nacionales como internacionales, propietarios individuales, comunidades y empresas privadas han creado cerca de 500 proyectos de conservación privada en los últimos diez años. Sin embargo, en territorios indígenas donde existen conflictos territoriales agudos, la creación de PPA ha sido limitada. Esta investigación describe los conflictos que extender la conservación privada a territorios indígenas trae aparejado. Mediante el uso de entrevistas con expertos de la academia, ONGs, empresas, comunidades indígenas y agencias públicas, esta investigación evidencia que la conservación no es un terreno libre de tensiones y que ciertas políticas pueden exacerbar conflictos de interés relacionados al territorio Mapuche. Las comunidades indígenas pueden asumir el control de los recursos naturales para fines de conservación creando parques privados. Sin embargo, la habilidad de esas comunidades está limitada por la falta de recursos económicos, lo cual compromete la sustentabilidad de dichos proyectos. Dos preguntas se desprenden del debate: ¿Existe una resistencia política a la creación de parques indígenas?, y ¿Cuál es el rol de las organizaciones de conservación en auspiciar la creación de dichos parques?
Revisiting a Honduran Landscape Described by Robert West: An Experiment in Repeat Geography
Authors: Brady Scott
Published: March 2009

Esta investigación se centra en Guajiquiro, un municipio en las tierras occidentales de Honduras; éste está habitado por los Lenca, el grupo indígena predominante en Honduras. El autor compara el historial de la gente y del lugar que Robert West compiló en la década de los cincuentas con sus propias observaciones durante la década pasada para evaluar el cambio y la persistencia. Los datos analizados incorporan información de West incluyendo sus notas de campo, mapas, manuscritos, datos de censos y fotografías aéreas. La investigación comienza con una discusión sobre geografía repetida y luego emplea el estudio repetido para seguir el curso de ciertos procesos —tal como el rápido aumento de población, la introducción de cultivos, y avances en la infraestructura—y evalúa como éstos han creado nuevos movimientos, medios de subsistencia y paisajes en este municipio.
The Spaces of Social Capital: Livelihood Geographies and Marine Conservation in the Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area, Honduras
Authors: Lansing David
Published: March 2009

En este artículo se estudia la relación existente entre el capital social del hogar y la utilización de los recursos marinos en la Área Marina Protegida de Cayos Cochinos. En recientes trabajos sobre la función del capital social para facilitar los esfuerzos comunitarios de conservación se han destacado las distintas maneras en que un nivel sólido de este activo puede dar lugar a resultados conservacionistas positivos. En contraste, en este escrito se sostiene que la formación del capital social y su utilización en el nivel del hogar pueden dar lugar a una geografía de utilización de recursos que discrepa con las restricciones zonales de recursos que suelen tipificar las áreas de cogestión de la conservación. A partir de estudios etnográficos y de encuestas sobre la Reserva Marina de Cayos Cochinos, en este trabajo se muestra cómo los recursos marinos contribuyen a que las familias de pescadores de la comunidad Garifuna consoliden relaciones de confianza y reciprocidad que a su vez les permiten acceder a los recursos marinos y a movilizarlos espacialmente de manera discrepante con la geografía del plan expuesto para la gestión de la Reserva.
Un Modelo Descriptivo de la Geografía del Robo en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Vilalta Carlos
Published: March 2009

This study provides an empirical and correlation test of a descriptive model on the geography of robbery in the Mexico Valley Metropolitan Zone (ZMVM). It includes a review of previous studies in crime geography and a description of the spatial variation of the social composition of the metropolis. The test of the model offers either same, different, and/or new findings to the previous studies. Also, the model provides different results when applied to the federal district and conurbated area sections of the metropolis, thus suggesting a pattern of spatial heterogeneity for this type of crime and the presence of ad-hoc contextual explanations for each section of the metropolis.
Fragmentación Socio-espacial en la Periferia de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Vidal-Koppmann Sonia
Published: March 2009

The metropolitan region of Buenos Aires was the object of significant transformations during the last decade of the 20th century, as were many other Latin American metropolitan areas. In fact, there is a change of pattern in the urbanization process from the European radial-concentric city to the North American dispersed urbanization. The difference between these processes is based first, in the different socio-economic composition of the actors; and secondly, in the fragmentation of the urban fabric. New private housing projects play a very important role in the restructuring of the urban land in the form of urban archipelagos with concomitant legal issues and the problematic of increased spatial and social segregation.
Mexican Revolutionary Anticlericalism: Concepts and Typologies
Authors: Bantjes Adrian A.
Published: March 2009

In recent years, an impressive effort has been made to supersede established interpretations of religious conflict in revolutionary Mexico that dismissed religious motivations as superstructural derivatives of “true” socio-economic and political factors. This has been accomplished by— pardon the cliché—“bringing religion back in” to the study of the Mexican Revolution. Yet while our post-secular understanding of Mexican religions and their impact has been vastly enhanced, the same cannot be said of revolutionary anticlericalism and irreligiosity, which have similarly been dismissed as mere tools in the hands of a cynical, Machiavellian revolutionary leadership intent on mystifying a credulous people.
Varieties of Mexican Revolutionary Anticlericalism: Radicalism, Iconoclasm, and Otherwise, 1914–1935
Authors: Fallaw Ben
Published: March 2009

Two days before Easter 1916, a teacher in the Méridaferrocarrilleros’ school demolished a pine statue of Saint Joseph with an axe to show “it was simply a monkey on a stick (un tucho de palo)”; students then hacked up smaller icons before approving parents. During the Cristiada, General Eulogio Ortíz ate consecrated hosts withcarnitas de puercoin a public market in Zacatecas. Constitutionalist military proconsuls in 1914-15, leftist regional caudillos of the 1920s, and federal educators and some provincial strongmen during the Maximato (1931-35) all believed anticlericalism would build a new nation; these three waves of attacks against the Catholic clergy proved to be decisive moments in revolutionary state formation. At no point, however, did revolutionaries agree on either means or ends. Radicals favored the destruction of the Church (if not organized religion entirely). Their reliance on iconoclasm—literal as well as metaphorical—also distinguished them. Some iconoclastic radicals hoped their attacks would help create a humanistic, post-Christian belief system. More moderate anticlericals advocated less destructive and more persuasive measures, including using education and the law to weaken and/or reform Catholicism. Some moderates promoted alternative creeds; others hoped to remake the Catholic Church in Mexico. Certainly iconoclasts and reformers did collaborate at times, but they also clashed, as in the rancorous debates over the “religious question” at the Querétaro Constitutional Convention and again when anticlerical Reds and moderate Whites battled during the early 1930s.
Anticlericalism and Public Space in Revolutionary Jalisco
Authors: Curley Robert
Published: March 2009

The anticlerical attacks of radical nineteenth-century liberals provoked the Church and aided the rise of confessional politics from continental Europe to revolutionary Mexico. In the European case, Stathis Kalyvas has recently proposed that such anticlerical liberalism was often moved by two distinctive motives, one narrow and political, the other broad and institutional. These motives can be associated with the concepts of tactic and strategy as laid out by Michel de Certeau. Working from both conceptual pairings, we can characterize anticlericalism sometimes as a political tactic, responding to conjunctural circumstances, and other times as an institutional strategy, plotting out a terrain and a path on which to forge present and future power relationships. This sort of conceptualization, I believe, is also well-suited to analyses of revolutionary Mexico. Nonetheless, for the distinction between “political-tactical” and “institutional-strategic” to be helpful, historians also need to place anticlericalism within the confusing logic of destruction and reconstruction inherent to Mexico's revolutionary process.
Sotanas Rojinegras: Catholic Anticlericalism and Mexico's Revolutionary Schism
Authors: Butler Matthew
Published: March 2009

As the recent clashes in Mexico City's metropolitan cathedral show, it is not just clericalism that is making an apparent comeback in post-priístaMexico: clericalism's faithful alter ego, anticlericalism—provoked to violence when clanking church bells disturbed a political rally in thezócaloin November 2007—is also stirring anew. This dialectical affinity between rival ideological traditions goes back a long way, as historic clashes over church bells—auditory symbols of institutional jurisdiction and influence—remind us: and yet, as Alan Knight points out, neither the terrain, nor the terms, of the dispute between clericalism/anticlericalism have been mapped out with enough clarity by Mexicanist historians. The 1910-40 revolution, for instance, is associated with various anticlericalisms— be it the protestant variety studied by Jean-Pierre Bastian; the constitutionalists' liberal clerophobia, irrupting circa 1914; masonic, spiritist, or popular anticlericalisms; or the “socialist” god-burning of the 1930s which climaxed in the iconoclasm studied by Adrian Bantjes. This trajectory— from priest-baiting to dechristianization within a generation—makes it tempting to posit an irreligious revolution, whose anticlericalism was a precursory form of mature godlessness. Some revolutionaries, like Tomás Garrido Canabal in Tabasco, encouraged such a conflation by using anticlerical restrictions—especially state licensing of priests, enshrined in constitutional Article 130—in a vindictive and secularizing way: squeezing the clergy so hard that priests were eradicated, not just rubber-stamped by the state. Such figures clearly hoped that persecuting priests would fatally minebelief: the day would come, Adalberto Tejeda hoped in 1926, when religion would expire and churches become places of recreation for apostate Indians. The Roman Catholic clergy, meanwhile, was fond of denouncing anticlericals as deicides, if not devils, and reinforced its own position by encouraging the association of anticlericalism with anti-Catholicism in the minds of the faithful.
Anticlericalism, Politics, and Freemasonry in Mexico, 1920–1940
Authors: Smith Benjamin
Published: March 2009

On 16 April 1938, the school teacher of the Mixtec village of San Andrés Dinicuiti reported that the Easter week procession had taken place, despite government regulations prohibiting public displays of worship. During the event, the faithful had marched through the streets shouting “Long live religion, death to bad government, death to the state governor, death to the president of the republic.” When they arrived at the local school, they yelled “Death to the masons, long live religion” before denigrating the teacher's parentage. During the 1920s and 1930s, devout Catholic peasants throughout Mexico repeatedly denounced the presumed link between government, school teachers, anticlericalism, and the masons. The popular condemnation obviously emanated in part from the ecclesiastical hierarchy's frequent anti-masonic pronouncements. The Apostolic Delegate's charge that masons were “the cause of our persecution and almost all our national misfortunes” was reiterated in countless bulletins, manifestos, and pastoral letters throughout the country. In 1934, the Bishop of Huajuapam de León, which controlled the parish of San Andrés Dinicuiti, reminded local priests that they were to refuse to accept masons and members of the government party as godparents for baptisms, confirmations, or marriages. A year later, Mexican Catholic Action argued that government policies of socialist education andagrarismowere the “impious work of anti-Christian masons.” However, despite this popular cross-class conviction, there is little historical work on the actual role of the masons in modern Mexico. By examining the archives of the Grand Lodge of Oaxaca, this article posits that Masonic lodges were key to the process of post-revolutionary state formation. As the state sought to assert control over a divided country, freemasonry's anticlericalism not only offered a model for cultural practice, masons also formed a vanguard of willing political emissaries. However, the institution's influence should not be overstressed. It was often curtailed by internecine disputes, political infighting, and an essentially conservative leadership.
Closing Comment: “Personal Enemies of God: Anticlericals and Anticlericalism in Revolutionary Mexico, 1915-1940”
Authors: Blancarte Roberto
Published: March 2009

In a contribution made some time ago, I stressed the diversity of factors which came together in the anticlerical constitutional articles and paragraphs that were approved during the Constituent Congress at Querétaro of 1916-17. The first of these factors—I argued—was the not unreasonable belief held by many Mexican revolutionaries that the Catholic Church had collaborated with the government of the military usurper, Victoriano Huerta, in 1913-14. In this regard, the political participation of the National Catholic Party had also been decisive in influencing anticlerical opinion.
A Balanced Scorecard for State U's Facilities Management Division?*
Authors: Sheehan Norman T. , Vaidyanathan Ganesh , Kalagnanam Suresh
Published: March 2009

This case introduces students to building and implementing a balanced scorecard (BSC) in a setting with which they are familiar — cleaning, maintenance, management, and construction of a university's buildings and grounds. Students are asked to construct or critique a BSC for the facilities management division of a university. This may lead to a discussion of the causal linkages implied in the BSC and how one would implement a BSC in a governmental setting.
The effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy on uterine and abdominal electrical and pressure activity, as measured by telemetry in conscious, unrestrained pregnant rats
Authors: Mackay Lynnette B. , Shi Shao Q. , Garfield Robert E. , Maner William L.
Published: March 2009

Aims: Bilateral pelvic neurectomy (BPN) interferes with delivery in rats. This work measures the effect of BPN on uterine and abdominal electromyography (EMG) and pressure during gestation and delivery.

Methods: Uterine EMG and intra-uterine pressure (IUP), as well as abdominal muscle EMG and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), were recorded on days 19–24 in rats. Mean values were determined for the peak frequency of the power density spectrum (PDS) of the uterine and abdominal EMG “bursts,” the integral of the abdominal EMG power spectrum (IPS), and the area under the IUP and IAP curves (AUIUP and AUIAP).

Results: Uterine EMG power density spectrum peak frequency and AUIUP were low during days 19–21 in all rats, and on days 22–23 increased sharply and significantly in both groups. Before delivery, sham rat recordings showed sudden sharp increases in AUIAP, AUIUP and IPS as “pushing” was observed. Pushing was not observed or recorded in laboring BPN rats and they did not deliver normally.

Conclusions: A functional pelvic nerve is required for normal labor and delivery in rats. BPN inhibits abdominal EMG and contractions necessary to expel the fetus.
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliographischen Angaben sind den Nationalbiographien oder anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Brücken-Glossar (DE–EN) (3. Teil)
Authors: Wuttke Susanne
Published: March 2009

Brücken scheinen neuerdings auch von der Öffentlichkeit bewusster wahrgenommen zu werden, jedenfalls fällt auf, dass sich gerade in jüngster Zeit in den Printmedien und im Fernsehen Beiträge mit dem Brückenbau befasst haben. Das folgende Glossar stammt aus dem dritten Hauptteil der Diplomarbeit „Brücken. Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen“, die am 18.09.2003 am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) der Universität Leipzig eingereicht wurde. Das mit CATS erstellte Glossar enthält 1374 Datensätze mit 467 Begriffen, 937 dt. und 904 engl. Benennungen sowie deutschen und englischen Definitionen nahezu aller Begriffe; im Folgenden drucken wir die Richtung deutsch-englisch.
Unterrichts- und Evaluierungsmethoden zur Förderung des kreativen Übersetzens
Authors: Lee-Jahnke Hannelore
Published: March 2009

The creative process, however, as most mental activities, is not only governed by intellect, but also by emotion. Some neurologists have put forward the hypothesis that creative thinking is closely connected with the anterior hypothalamus in the brain, which is the centre of libido and lust and motivates not only sexual fantasies but fantasies and daydreaming of all types. Such fantasies seem to be important for creative thinking. (Kussmaul 1995:48).
Procesos de creación y renovación lingüística en relación con la innovación tecnológica: desde fuentes orales a fuentes escritas
Authors: Fleta Begoña Montero
Published: March 2009

Este trabajo presenta nuestra investigación en torno a la variación lingüística con respecto a la lengua general que introducen las lenguas de especialidad desde los procesos de creación y renovación especialmente léxicos que les son propios. Nuestra aportación se centra en el proceso de asimilación de términos informáticos introducidos en nuestra lengua y el análisis de la actitud del español como lengua receptora ante la paulatina introducción de neología tecnológica. Tomando un corpus de terminología básica informática como representativo del léxico de especialidad, analizamos su grado de asimilación en nuestra lengua desde estadios iniciales en ámbitos orales hasta su uso en fuentes escritas y, finalmente, su aceptación por la comunidad lingüística a partir de criterios lingüísticos, sociolingüísticos y metodológicos, culminada por su incorporación en el Diccionario de la Real Academia.
Glossar Straßenbau (DE–EN) (3. Teil)
Authors: Lindner Peggy
Published: March 2009

Der Weg vom Trampelpfad bis zur Autobahn ist weit. Warum sind Straßen so, wie sie sind? Es gibt facettenreiche Wechselwirkungen zwischen Klima, Topographie, Bruttosozialprodukt, Mentalität, Bevölkerungsdichte, Fahrzeugtechnik und Straßenbautechnik. Nicht ohne Grund steht im Deutschen Straßenmuseum in Germersheim (
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliographischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliographien, Verlagsprospekten oder anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Kontrastive Analyse (Deutsch–Spanisch) der für das Ausland bestimmten Sprachkursbroschüre (FABS): ihre Relevanz für (angehende) Übersetzer und Fremdsprachenlerner am Beispiel der Sprachhandlung erläutern
Authors: Fernández Francesc
Published: March 2009

Der vorliegende Beitrag basiert auf einer korpusgestützten, nach Teiltexten durchgeführten Analyse von spanischen und deutschen Originalen und hat als Ziel, jene Textsortenkonventionen der FABS exemplarisch zu behandeln, die mit der Sprachhandlung
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliographischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliographien, Verlagsprospekten und anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Glossar Flughafentechnik und -betrieb (DE–EN) (4. Teil)
Authors: Künstner Bianca
Published: March 2009

Ein Jahrhundert nach den ersten Flugversuchen der Gebrüder Wright und anderer Flugpioniere reicht eine ebene Wiesenfläche für Start und Landung der Fluggeräte schon lange nicht mehr aus. So rasant, wie sich die Technik der Flugzeuge entwickelte, mussten auch die Flughäfen Schritt halten. Die heutigen komplexen Gebilde mit ihren ausgeklügelten Organisationsabläufen und raffinierten Technologien wecken immer noch Faszination bei den meisten Menschen, obwohl die Reise mit dem Flugzeug mittlerweile zum Alltag zählt und mit fortschreitender Globalisierung auch immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Ein Ziel der am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) der Universität Leipzig eingereichten Diplomarbeit „Verkehrsflughäfen. Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen“ war es, einen Einblick in die häufig im Verborgenen liegenden Abläufe und Technologien auf einem Verkehrsflughafen zu geben. Einen Hauptteil der Diplomarbeit bildete auch das im Folgenden in der Sprachrichtung Deutsch-Englisch abgedruckte Glossar. Es wurde mit dem Terminologieverwaltungsprogramm CATS erstellt und enthält 1549 Datensätze mit 502 Begriffen, zu denen es 984 deutsche und 1067 englische Benennungen sowie 497 deutsche Definitionen gibt.
Glossar Unipolare Depressionen (DE–EN)
Authors: Schmidt Cornelia
Published: March 2009

Psychiatrische Erkrankungen gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und unipolare Depressionen nehmen unter ihnen die zentrale Stellung ein. Sie treten in jedem Lebensalter auf und beeinflussen wie kaum eine andere Krankheit die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. Unipolare Depressionen stehen nach Angaben der WHO derzeit an vierter Stelle der Erkrankungen, die das beschwerdefreie Leben beeinträchtigen und man geht davon aus, dass sie im Jahre 2020 die häufigste Krankheitsursache darstellen werden, die bei Frauen und in Entwicklungsländern zu anhaltender Behinderung führt. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache wird auch der Translations- und Terminologiebedarf zunehmen. Das folgende Glossar stammt aus der Diplomarbeit „Therapie der unipolaren Depressionen: Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen“, die am 27.02.2007 am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) der Universität Leipzig eingereicht und mithilfe von CATS erstellt wurde. Es enthält 802 Datensätze mit 738 deutschen und 626 englischen Benennungen zu 332 Begriffen, sowie 271 deutsche und 258 englische Definitionen.
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliografischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliografien, Verlagsprospekten oder anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Liebesmetaphern in der deutschen und brasilianischen Alltagssprache
Authors: Schröder Ulrike
Published: March 2009

Ausgehend von zwei Fallstudien thematisiert der vorliegende Artikel kulturspezifische Metaphern der Alltagssprache. Vorgestellt wird die brasilianische im Gegensatz zur deutschen Konzeptualisierung des Erfahrungsbereichs
Glossar Unipolare Depressionen (DE–EN) (2. Teil)
Authors: Schmidt Cornelia
Published: March 2009

Psychiatrische Erkrankungen gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und unipolare Depressionen nehmen unter ihnen die zentrale Stellung ein. Sie treten in jedem Lebensalter auf und beeinflussen wie kaum eine andere Krankheit die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. Unipolare Depressionen stehen nach Angaben der WHO derzeit an vierter Stelle der Erkrankungen, die das beschwerdefreie Leben beeinträchtigen und man geht davon aus, dass sie im Jahre 2020 die häufigste Krankheitsursache darstellen werden, die bei Frauen und in Entwicklungsländern zu anhaltender Behinderung führt. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache wird auch der Translations- und Terminologiebedarf zunehmen. Das folgende Glossar stammt aus der Diplomarbeit „Therapie der unipolaren Depressionen: Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen“, die am 27.02. 2007 am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) der Universität Leipzig eingereicht und mithilfe von CATS erstellt wurde. Es enthält 802 Datensätze mit 738 deutschen und 626 englischen Benennungen zu 332 Begriffen, sowie 271 deutsche und 258 englische Definitionen.
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliografischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliografien, Verlags-prospekten oder anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliografischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliografien, Verlagsprospekten und anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben
Neuerscheinungen auf dem Fachwörterbuchmarkt
Authors: Lück Erich
Published: March 2009

Der Sprachkundige braucht Fachwörterbücher. Oft erscheinen sie in wenig bekannten Verlagen. Wir möchten unsere Leser auf Neuerscheinungen aufmerksam machen. Die bibliografischen Angaben sind den Nationalbibliografien, Verlagsprospekten und anderen Quellen entnommen und werden ohne Gewähr wiedergegeben.
Electrochemical Impedance Techniques in Corrosion Science
Authors: Macdonald DD , McKubre MCH
Published: March 2009

A review is presented of the use of impedance techniques in corrosion science. Emphasis is placed on defining the type of data that is required in corrosion studies, and then comparing different methods for generating the required information by electrochemical impedance methods. The performance characteristics of the various techniques, including cost, are critically compared to assist readers in selecting the most appropriate system for their needs.
Design Considerations for High-Security Interior Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Williams JD
Published: March 2009

Areas which require high security are usually those in which very valuable material, potentially dangerous material, or strategic information is stored. The primary purpose of the physical protection systems for such areas is to prevent theft or sabotage of the protected items. Intrusion detection is one of the essential elements of a physical protection system. It is essential that any new or to-be-improved intrusion detection system be carefully planned and analyzed to ensure that it will reliably perform its intended function in the specified environment and that the system's strengths and weaknesses be identified and understood. Included in the planning and analysis is the development of (a) a system philosophy, including techniques to reject nuisance alarms logically, (b) a preliminary system design, including site survey and characterization techniques, (c) on-site and off-site experiments and evaluation, including sensor test methods, (d) final system design, (e) construction and installation considerations, (f) a program schedule, (g) cost considerations, and (h) procurement. The pertinent aspects of these items for high-security interior intrusion detection systems are discussed.
Compliance Measured Fracture Toughness of Mortar and Fiber Reinforced Mortar
Authors: Visalvanich K , Naaman AE
Published: March 2009

Contoured double cantilever beams 610 mm (24 in.) long were tested to measure the fracture parameters of plain and fiber reinforced mortar. The crack extension, the crack opening displacement (COD) and the crack opening of the cantilever's arms at the loading points were experimentally recorded in function of applied loads. The unloading-reloading technique was used to measure the compliance of the specimens. Slow crack growth was observed and the specimens experienced a permanent deformation at unloading. The permanent deformation was significant and increased linearly with crack extension for plain mortar and at a faster rate for fiber reinforced mortar. Specimens' compliances measured with and without the effect of the permanent deformation are compared and are shown to be substantially different. It is observed that the apparent critical stress intensity factor of plain mortar stabilizes at a crack extension of about 203 mm (8 in.) but no stabilization is observed for fiber reinforced specimens. One of the significant findings of this study is that cracks in mortar start propagating when their opening angle reaches a critical value called the critical crack opening angle (COA) regardless of their length.
Suitability of Thermocouple Psychrometers for Studying Moisture Movement in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Daniel DE , Hamilton JM , Olson RE
Published: March 2009

Interest in moisture movement in partially saturated soils has developed rapidly in recent years mainly as a result of increasing use of sites in arid regions for disposal of toxic industrial and radioactive wastes. In attempting to measure hydraulic properties of soils in arid regions, problems are encountered with measurement of large suctions. Accordingly, we investigated the possibility of using thermocouple psychrometers, which have a broader range than most other suction probes, for studies of moisture movement in unsaturated soils. In this paper, the general features of psychrometers are described, procedures for calibration and use are reviewed, and experimental data are presented and discussed. Psychrometric measurements were found to be reproducible within about ±10 to 30 percent over a range in suction of about 2 to 80 atm. Response times were typically less than an hour. Problems with corrosion of psychrometers were severe with strongly acidic soils but not with a basic soil. Independent measurements of suction provided quantitative evidence that psychrometric measurements are reliable. The conclusion is that psychrometers seem to be the most suitable devices now available for measuring suctions in relatively dry, partially saturated soils.
Tire/Road Interaction Studies to Reduce Noise and Improve Wet Grip
Authors: Walker JC
Published: March 2009

Studies have been made of the factors involved in tire/road noise with a view to reducing the intensity of the total noise level by modification of both the tire tread pattern and the materials used for road surfaces.

The work covers test results on automobile tires over a wide range of road surfaces, and includes testing of automobile tires on indoor replica road surfaces, to separate the surface-excited and the tread pattern-excited components.

Figures relating noise level in dry conditions to braking grip in wet conditions show that it is possible to increase wet grip and still reduce noise level by using suitable road surface materials.
A Fracture-Toughness Correlation Based on Charpy Initiation Energy
Authors: Norris DM , Reaugh JE , Server WL
Published: March 2009

An upper-shelf correlation between fracture toughness and the energy required to initiate cracking (CVNi) in the Charpy V-notch specimen is presented. The correlation is obtained using data on 23 steels with variations in yield strength of 447 to 1696 MPa, fracture toughness of 40 to 353 kN/m, and Charpy toughness (CVN) of 22 to 192. The toughness correlation based on all the data using either CVNi or CVN is about the same and is also about equal to that of the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom (RNB) correlation. If only those data with fracture toughness less than 200 kN (1140 psi-in.) are used, the CVNi correlation is better than that obtained by RNB or one based on CVN data alone.
Strength/Toughness Relationship for Interstitially Strengthened AISI 304 Stainless Steels at 4 K Temperature
Authors: Tobler RL , Read DT , Reed RP
Published: March 2009

A study was conducted to determine the effects of carbon and nitrogen on the 4 K fracture properties of an Fe-18Cr-10Ni austenitic stainless steel having a base composition corresponding to AISI 304. J-integral fracture toughness tests using 24.5-mm-thick compact specimens (TL orientation) were performed in a liquid helium environment on nine steel heats having carbon plus nitrogen (C+N) contents between 0.067 and 0.325 weight percent. The fracture toughness decreased with increasing C+N content. The KIc estimates obtained at 4 K ranged from 337 to 123 MPa·m1/2, exhibiting an inverse dependence on tensile yield stress. A computer-aided J-integral test facility was implemented to conduct this study. This new facility improves measurement accuracy, conserves material specimens and testing time, and systematizes test procedures.
Compression Testing of Graphite/Epoxy Composite Materials
Authors: Clark RK , Lisagor WB
Published: March 2009

The focus of this investigation was to provide results that will support the selection of a reliable method of compression testing coupon specimens of filament-reinforced polymer-matrix composite materials. Three schemes were examined for testing graphite/epoxy (Narmco T300/5208) composite material specimens to failure in compression, including an adaptation of the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI) “wedge grip” compression fixture, a face-supported compression fixture, and an end-loaded-coupon fixture. The effects of specimen size, specimen support arrangement, and method of load transfer on compressive behavior of graphite/epoxy were investigated.

Compression tests with the modified IITRI and face-supported fixture were conducted on specimens of 12.5, 25, and 50-mm widths, of 8, 16, and 24-ply thicknesses, and of [0], [±45], and [0/±45/90] fiber orientations. The end-loaded coupon fixture was used to test 16-ply [0/±45/90] specimens.

Compressive stress-strain, strength, and modulus data obtained with the three fixtures are presented with evaluations showing the effects of all test parameters, including fiber orientation. The IITRI fixture has the potential to provide good stress/strain data to failure for unidirectional and quasi-isotropic laminates. The face-supported fixture was found to be the most desirable for testing [±45], laminates.
Fitting Models to Composite Materials Fatigue Data
Authors: Sendeckyj GP
Published: March 2009

A new procedure for fitting fatigue models (consisting of a deterministic equation defining the shape of the S-N curve and a probabilistic description of the data scatter) is presented. The procedure consists of (1) transforming the fatigue data into equivalent static strength data by using the deterministic equation in the fatigue model with unknown parameters, (2) obtaining the maximum-likelihood estimates for the parameters of the (two-parameter Weibull) distribution describing the equivalent static strength data, and (3) repeating Steps 1 and 2 until the largest maximum-likelihood estimate of the shape parameter is obtained. The procedure can handle runouts and tab failures through progressive censoring. Finally, the procedure is well defined when small fatigue data samples are available.
Some Considerations in the Statistical Determination of the Shape of S-N Curves
Authors: Spindel JE , Haibach E
Published: March 2009

This paper discusses the need for defining the shape of S-N curves, the various kinds of test data available for this purpose, and the problems in their statistical evaluation, including the assumptions that must be made.

A method is proposed for finding the “cutoff” point, that is the endurance at which conventionally shaped S-N curves change slope to the horizontal. It is based on maximum likelihood principles and deals with runouts in a statistically acceptable way. A sharp or a continuous transition from the horizontal to the sloped straight line log S/log N curve may be considered.

The method can be used for analysis and comparison of fatigue test results with a computer program, described and listed elsewhere by the authors, but it is subject to certain amendments, which are described in the paper.
On the Quantitative Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation
Authors: McEvily AJ
Published: March 2009

The literature on the subject of the mechanism of fatigue crack growth is reviewed. Historically two different mechanisms have been proposed. One is based upon the concept of damage accumulation, the other on a plastic sliding-off process at the tip of the advancing crack. The experimental evidence supports the latter mechanism as the basic process of crack growth. Damage due to static modes of separation can also be important, however, particularly in low-toughness materials. In addition, localized soft zones such as persistent slip bands can be construed as a type of damage if they form at a crack tip and facilitate crack advance.

A method for the quantitative analysis of fatigue crack growth based on a sliding-off process which is related to the crack tip opening displacement is described. The method includes consideration of R-effects, the threshold and cyclic fracture toughness. The method is potentially of use in both the elastic and plastic ranges.