bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineered human Diamond-Blackfan anemia disease model confirms therapeutic effects of clinically applicable lentiviral vector at single-cell resolution
Authors: Liu Yang , Schmiderer Ludwig , Hjort Martin , Lang Stefan , Bremborg Tyra , Rydström Anna , Schambach Axel , Larsson Jonas , Karlsson Stefan
Published: May 2023

Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic bone marrow failure disorder which is usually caused by mutations in ribosomal protein genes. In the present study, we generated a traceable RPS19-deficient cell model using CRISPR-Cas9 and homology-directed repair to investigate the therapeutic effects of a clinically applicable lentiviral vector at single-cell resolution. We developed a gentle nanostraw delivery platform to edit the RPS19 gene in primary human cord bloodderived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The edited cells showed expected impaired erythroid differentiation phenotype, and a specific erythroid progenitor with abnormal cell cycle status accompanied by enrichment of TNFα/NF-κB and p53 signaling pathways was identified by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. The therapeutic vector could rescue the abnormal erythropoiesis by activating cell cycle-related signaling pathways and promoted red blood cell production. Overall, these results establish nanostraws as a gentle option for CRISPR-Cas9- based gene editing in sensitive primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and provide support for future clinical investigations of the lentiviral gene therapy strategy.
Peran efikasi diri dalam memediasi lingkungan keluarga dan PLP terhadap kesiapan menjadi guru
Authors: Mujayanti Anisatul , Latifah Lyna
Published: May 2023

Kesiapan menjadi guru sangat diperlukan bagi mahasiswa calon guru untuk menghadapi dunia mengajar setelah lulus nanti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran efikasi diri dalam memediasi pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan (PLP) terhadap kesiapan menjadi guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan populasi mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi angkatan 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang. Jumlah sampel 139 mahasiswa dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis jalur menggunakan SEM-PLS 3.3.9. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan PLP terhadap kesiapan menjadi guru. Tidak terdapat pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap kesiapan menjadi guru. Terdapat pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap efikasi diri dan PLP terhadap efikasi diri. Tidak terdapat pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan PLP terhadap kesiapan menjadi guru melalui efikasi diri.Â The role of self-efficacy in a mediating family environment and PLP on readiness to become a teacherAbstract: Readiness to become a teacher is necessary for prospective students to face the world of teaching after graduation. This study aims to examine the role of self-efficacy in mediating the influence of the family environment and School Field Introduction (PLP) on readiness to become a teacher. This study uses a quantitative approach with a 2018 Department of Economics Education student population at Semarang State University. The number of samples was 139 students using the purposive sampling method. Data collection techniques using questionnaires with descriptive statistical analysis techniques and path analysis using SEM-PLS 3.3.9. The study's results showed the influence of the family environment and PLP on readiness to become a teacher. There is no effect of self-efficacy on readiness to become a teacher. There is an influence of the family environment on self-efficacy and PLP on self-efficacy. There is no influence of the family environment and PLP on readiness to become a teacher through self-efficacy.
Pengaruh segregasi gender terhadap hasil belajar matematika dan bahasa Inggris
Authors: Farisiyah Umi , Retnawati Heri , Hassan Aminuddin , Putro Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo , Mubarok Erwin Syahril
Published: May 2023

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar adalah pengorgansisasian kelas. Di Indonesia, pembagian ruang kelas sejenis dan campuran banyak dilakukan oleh sekolah-sekolah swasta. Studi ini menyelidiki pengaruh kelas sejenis dan campuran terhadap hasil belajar Matematika dan Bahasa Inggris siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain komparasi kausal. Tiga kelas yang terdiri dari 89 siswa (kelas sejenis laki-laki, kelas sejenis perempuan dan kelas campuran) dari sekolah menengah swasta di Indonesia menjadi sampel dengan menggunakn pendekatan convenience sampling. Instrumen tes dikembangkan oleh masing-masing guru mata pelajaran yang terdiri dari 30 soal Matematika dan 50 soal Bahasa Inggris melalui Computer Based Test. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengorganisasian kelas sejenis dalam proses pembelajaran Matematika dan bahasa Inggris berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar Matematika dan Bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pemisahan gender di dalam ruang kelas, kela sejenis dan campuran berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar Matematika. Sedangkan untuk bahasa Inggris tidak ditemukan kecenderungan tersebut.Â Â The effect of gender segregation on Mathematics and English learning outcomesÂ Abstract: One of the factors that influence learning outcomes is class organization. In Indonesia, private schools mainly carry out the division of similar and mixed classrooms. This study investigates the effect of single-sex and coeducational classes on high school students mathematics and English learning outcomes. This research is a quantitative study using a causal-comparative design. Three classes consisting of 89 students (single male class, single female class, and coeducational class) from private secondary schools in Indonesia were sampled using a convenience sampling approach. Each subject teacher developed a test instrument consisting of 30 Mathematics questions and 50 English questions through a Computer Based Test. This study shows that organizing similar classes in learning Mathematics and English positively and significantly affects achievement in learning Mathematics and English. The study's results revealed that gender segregation in the classroom, same-class, and mixed classes affected mathematics learning outcomes. As for English, there was no such tendency.Â
The Implementation of Herringbone Pattern in Improving Students' Reading Comprehension
Authors: Syukur Abdullah , Supraba Ardhy , Wahyono Edi
Published: May 2023

This research aimed at finding out the effectiveness of Herringbone Technique in improving students’ reading comprehension at the fifth semester student of Informatics Study Program Faculty of Computer Engineering Cokroaminoto Palopo University. This research applied a pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test. The population of this research was the fifth semester student of Informatics Study Program Faculty of Computer Engineering Cokroaminoto Palopo University. The sample of this research was class 5A consisted of 40 students, the sample was taken by using random sampling technique. There are two kinds of instrument used in this research, namely test and questionnaire. The result of the research shows that the reading comprehension ability of the fifth semester student of Informatics Study Program Faculty of Computer Engineering Cokroaminoto Palopo University was very effective. It was proven by the mean score in post-test was 7.55 and the T-test value 43.375 which was higher than the T-table value 2.315. And the students were interested in learning reading comprehension using Herringbone technique.
Keaktifan Gotong Royong Berpengaruh Meningkatkan Interakasi Sosial dan Menumbuhkan Rasa Solidaritas di Desa Siamporik
Authors: Amalia Nadya , Siagian Nurani , Riani Lia , Faradila Irna , Wulandari Novi , Rambe Uqbatul Khoir
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keaktifan gotong royong yang berpengaruh pada interaksi sosial dan menumbuhkan rasa solidaritas di desa Siamporik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analisa data. Sedangkan untuk pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian mengenai keaktifan gotong royong berpengaruh meningkatkan interaksi sosial dan menumbuhkan rasa solidaritas di desa siamporik ini menunjukan bahwa keaktifan gotong royong ini sangat berpengaruh pada masyrakat di desa itu . nilai gotong royong ini memperkuat solidaritas masyarakat desa itu. Nilai gotong royong di desa ini tidak hanya dalam bentuk membersihkan desa secara bersaama, melainkan membangun desa dengan lebih baik lagi seperti bersosialisasi antar dusun dan mendidik anak anak yang ada di desa itu dengan suka rela.
Pengaruh Ice Breaking Berbasis Media Poster terhadap Minat Belajar pada Siswa Kelas III SDN 187 Inpres Dengilau Kabupaten Takalar
Authors: Syam Nur , Syamsunardi Syamsunardi
Published: May 2023

Pengaruh ice breaking berbasis media poster terhadap minat belajar pada siswa kelas III SDN  187 Inpres Dengilau Kabupaten Takalar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh ice breaking berbasis media poster terhadap minat belajar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan true-eksperimen design jenis pretest-posttest kontrol group design. Dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III SDN  187 Inpres Dengilau Kabupaten Takalar sebanyak 40 orang siswa yang terdiri dari 20 orang kelas kontrol dan 20 orang kelas eksperimen pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 semester ganjil. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada kelas eksperimen di peroleh rata-rata pretest sebesar 70,81 dan posttest sebesar 80,76. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol di peroleh rata-rata pretest 66,93 dan posttest sebesar 73,06. Jadi minat belajar siswa yang di ajarkan dengan model ice breaking berbasis media poster lebih baik dari pada minat belajar siswa yang di ajarkan dengan metode ceramah di kelas III SDN 187 Inpres Dengilau Kabupaten Takalar.
The Application of Think Pair Share to Enhance Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: L Syahrir , Baba La , Tamrin Muh , Kamal Kamal , Elihami Elihami
Published: May 2023

The study's goal was to see if using think-pair-share to enhance students’ vocabulary mastery was beneficial. The pre-experimental approach was used in this study. MA YMPI Rappang's population was in its second year. The total number of pupils in the population was 65 (XI IPA=19, XI IPS 1= 24, XI IPS 2 = 22), and one class was chosen as a sample using cluster random sampling. This class had a total of 24 students (XI IPS 1). The vocabulary test was the tool employed in this study. The findings of this research revealed that the pre-test received a mean score of 25.91, while the post-test received a mean score of 60.00. This revealed that the pre-test and post-test scores differed significantly. The t-test value (15.112) was higher than the t-table value (2.069). This signifies that HO was turned down and H1 was chosen. The study found that teaching vocabulary utilizing the think-pair-share method helps improve students' vocabulary knowledge among MA YMPI Rappang second-year students.
Interactive Power Point Analysis as a Learning Media during Limited Face-to-Face Meeting in Class 1 SD Muhammadiyah 13 Surabaya
Authors: Fatikha Nabila Ari , Setiawan Fajar , Afiani Kunti Dian Ayu
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interactive power point media used by teacher as learning media during limited face-to-face meetings in class I SD Muhammadiyah 13 Surabaya. This study used descriptive qualitative research method, research techniques of observation, interviews and documentation, the source of this data was shown to the principal, teacher and student. The results of this study indicated that the use of interactive power point media during learning in the era of limited face-to-face meetings is very helpful in increasing students' enthusiasm for learning by using interactive power point media, students' understanding of the material and students' ability to answer the questions given.
History of Aortic Aneurysm Surgery From the Beginning to the Current Situation
Authors: Baisekeev T. , Zholborsov A. , Niyazov A. , Osmonbekova N.
Published: May 2023

Many years of experience in the treatment of aortic aneurysm has a history of half a century. Each decade of this most difficult section of surgery is characterized by changes in the concept and the introduction of new methods of surgical treatment. Surgery for aortic aneurysms has gone through several stages: from non-reconstructive to X-ray endovascular methods, open methods with optimizations still remain the “gold standard” for the treatment of aortic aneurysms. This article gives a history of progress in aortic reconstructive surgery. The history of the treatment of patients performed by the great innovators of their time, vascular surgeons, who have contributed to the modern and world history of the aorta, is described.
Analysis of the Regulatory and Legal Framework in the Field of Regulation of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Toktonalieva N. , Toktonaliev I.
Published: May 2023

The most important condition for rational pharmacotherapy is the presence of an advising regulatory framework in the field of circulation of medicinal products of proper quality, since the necessary effect from medicinal products occurs only if the requirements for the entire supply chain are met. This article is devoted to the analysis of the current regulatory framework in the field of regulation of antitubercular drugs in the Kyrgyz Republic, in order to provide patients with high-quality and highly effective medicinal products, which consumers, manufacturers and distributors are interested.
Analysis of the Availability of Medicinal Products Used in Virus Hepatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Israilova D. , Ismailov I. , Barbieva E.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the availability of drugs used in the pharmacotherapy of viral hepatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic. The materials of the study were the pharmaceutical market for drugs used in viral hepatitis, data from the regulatory authority in the field of drug circulation and pharmaceutical organizations. Research results. In the Kyrgyz Republic, drugs used for viral hepatitis at the time of the study are represented by 6 international non-proprietary names and 19 trade names imported from 6 countries of the world. When analyzing the affordability of drugs used in viral hepatitis, it was found that the drugs of the tenofovir and Entecovir groups have the highest price liquidity, which indicates the greatest affordability of drugs in this group. In the analysis using the solvency adequacy ratio, drugs of the tenofovir and Entecovir groups also have greater availability for patients with an average income level. In the Kyrgyz Republic, drugs for the treatment of viral hepatitis are more expensive than in other countries, which reduces their affordability for citizens with an average income level. All investigational medicinal products present on the pharmaceutical market of the Kyrgyz Republic are imported into the country by foreign manufacturers.
‘Just a bit of fluff and happiness’: Examining Romantic Rewritings of Respair in YA Sexual Assault Narrative Fanfiction
Authors: Moore Amber
Published: May 2023

Drawing on the concept of feminist respair, this paper takes up fanfiction written in response to two young adult (YA) sexual assault narratives and considers how the trauma in each is transformed through romantic retellings. This surfaces discursively, including but not limited to respectful relationships built on friend/ally/ship, familial support, desire and love, and sometimes, consensual sexual pleasure.
Optimal vaccination control for COVID-19 in a metapopulation model: a case of the Philippines
Authors: Caga-anan Randy L. , Macalisang Jead M. , Dalisay John Lemuel M. , Raza Michelle N. , Martinez Joey Genevieve T. , Arcede Jayrold P.
Published: May 2023

We investigate a contextual problem of how to distribute a limited supply of vaccines over a period of time in a country where different regions have its own vaccination capacities. Considering that daily vaccination will affect future disease progression, we aim to find a distribution strategy over time that can minimize the total infection and implementation costs. Lagrangian and Eulerian migrations connect our multi-patch COVID-19 model, and vaccination is added as a control measure. An optimal control problem with an isoperimetric constraint is formulated and solved using the Adapted Forward–Backward Sweep Method. In distributing 5 million vaccines in 50 days, simulations showed that the optimal control strategy could lead to a difference of reducing two hundred thousand infections in just one region.
Controllability of Hilfer fractional Langevin evolution equations
Authors: Wang Haihua , Ku Junhua
Published: May 2023

The existence of fractional evolution equations has attracted a growing interest in recent years. The mild solution of fractional evolution equations constructed by a probability density function was first introduced by El-Borai. Inspired by El-Borai, Zhou and Jiao gave a definition of mild solution for fractional evolution equations with Caputo fractional derivative. Exact controllability is one of the fundamental issues in control theory: under some admissible control input, a system can be steered from an arbitrary given initial state to an arbitrary desired final state. In this article, using the (α, β) resolvent operator and three different fixed point theorems, we discuss the control problem for a class of Hilfer fractional Langevin evolution equations. The exact controllability of Hilfer fractional Langevin systems is established. An example is also discussed to illustrate the results.
Prevascularization techniques for dental pulp regeneration: potential cell sources, intercellular communication and construction strategies
Authors: Ruan Qiao , Tan Shenglong , Guo Li , Ma Dandan , Wen Jun
Published: May 2023

One of the difficulties of pulp regeneration is the rapid vascularization of transplanted engineered tissue, which is crucial for the initial survival of the graft and subsequent pulp regeneration. At present, prevascularization techniques, as emerging techniques in the field of pulp regeneration, has been proposed to solve this challenge and have broad application prospects. In these techniques, endothelial cells and pericytes are cocultured to induce intercellular communication, and the cell coculture is then introduced into the customized artificial vascular bed or induced to self-assembly to simulate the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix, which would result in construction of a prevascularization system, preformation of a functional capillary network, and rapid reconstruction of a sufficient blood supply in engineered tissue after transplantation. However, prevascularization techniques for pulp regeneration remain in their infancy, and there remain unresolved problems regarding cell sources, intercellular communication and the construction of prevascularization systems. This review focuses on the recent advances in the application of prevascularization techniques for pulp regeneration, considers dental stem cells as a potential cell source of endothelial cells and pericytes, discusses strategies for their directional differentiation, sketches the mechanism of intercellular communication and the potential application of communication mediators, and summarizes construction strategies for prevascularized systems. We also provide novel ideas for the extensive application and follow-up development of prevascularization techniques for dental pulp regeneration.
Metabolic decline in an insect ear: correlative or causative for age-related auditory decline?
Authors: Austin Thomas T. , Thomas Christian L. , Lewis Clifton , Blockley Alix , Warren Ben
Published: May 2023

One leading hypothesis for why we lose our hearing as we age is a decrease in ear metabolism. However, direct measurements of metabolism across a lifespan in any auditory system are lacking. Even if metabolism does decrease with age, a question remains: is a metabolic decrease a cause of age-related auditory decline or simply correlative? We use an insect, the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, as a physiologically versatile model to understand how cellular metabolism correlates with age and impacts on age-related auditory decline. We found that auditory organ metabolism decreases with age as measured fluorometrically. Next, we measured the individual auditory organ’s metabolic rate and its sound-evoked nerve activity and found no correlation. We found no age-related change in auditory nerve activity, using hook electrode recordings, and in the electrophysiological properties of auditory neurons, using patch-clamp electrophysiology, but transduction channel activity decreased. To further test for a causative role of the metabolic rate in auditory decline, we manipulated metabolism of the auditory organ through diet and cold-rearing but found no difference in sound-evoked nerve activity. We found that although metabolism correlates with age-related auditory decline, it is not causative. Finally, we performed RNA-Seq on the auditory organs of young and old locusts, and whilst we found enrichment for Gene Ontology terms associated with metabolism, we also found enrichment for a number of additional aging GO terms. We hypothesize that age-related hearing loss is dominated by accumulative damage in multiple cell types and multiple processes which outweighs its metabolic decline.
The Msh5 complex shows homeostatic localization in response to DNA double-strand breaks in yeast meiosis
Authors: Shinohara Miki , Shinohara Akira
Published: May 2023

Meiotic crossing over is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes. The formation and distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs), which are initiated by the formation of double-strand break (DSB), are tightly regulated to ensure at least one CO per bivalent. One type of CO control, CO homeostasis, maintains a consistent level of COs despite fluctuations in DSB numbers. Here, we analyzed the localization of proteins involved in meiotic recombination in budding yeast xrs2 hypomorphic mutants which show different levels of DSBs. The number of cytological foci with recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, which mark single-stranded DNAs at DSB sites is proportional to the DSB numbers. Among the pro-CO factor, ZMM/SIC proteins, the focus number of Zip3, Mer3, or Spo22/Zip4, was linearly proportional to reduced DSBs in the xrs2 mutant. In contrast, foci of Msh5, a component of the MutSγ complex, showed a non-linear response to reduced DSBs. We also confirmed the homeostatic response of COs by genetic analysis of meiotic recombination in the xrs2 mutants and found a chromosome-specific homeostatic response of COs. Our study suggests that the homeostatic response of the Msh5 assembly to reduced DSBs was genetically distinct from that of the Zip3 assembly for CO control.
Modulation of T cell function and survival by the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Mani Nikita , Andrews Dathan , Obeng Rebecca C.
Published: May 2023

Cancer immunotherapy is shifting paradigms in cancer care. T cells are an indispensable component of an effective antitumor immunity and durable clinical responses. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of a wide range of cells that exert positive and negative effects on T cell function and survival, makes achieving robust and durable T cell responses difficult. Additionally, tumor biology, structural and architectural features, intratumoral nutrients and soluble factors, and metabolism impact the quality of the T cell response. We discuss the factors and interactions that modulate T cell function and survive in the TME that affect the overall quality of the antitumor immune response.
Co-assembly of graphene/polyoxometalate films for highly electrocatalytic and sensing hydroperoxide
Authors: Bao Yayan , Chen Zezhong , Wang Yuzhen , Liu Lizhen , Wang Haiyan , Li Zuopeng , Feng Feng
Published: May 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) films mixed with polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared by a layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) method, in which the GO component is then converted to reduced GO (rGO) in situ through an electron transfer interaction with a polyoxometalate (POM) that is assembled on the outer surface. With this, devices were manufactured by spreading composite films of (PEI/rGO)n-POM with different numbers of PEI/rGO layers on ITO substrates. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that the catalytic activity for H2O2 of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films was significantly higher than that of similar films of (PEI/GO)n/PEI/POM manufactured LBL with the same number of layers, although the catalyst POM content of (PEI/rGO)n-POM was only half that of (PEI/GO)n/PEI/POM. The catalytic activity of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films first increases and then decreases as the number of PEI/rGO layers increases. The result shows that (PEI/rGO)3-POM films with three PEI/rGO layers exhibit the highest efficiency. Amperometric measurements of the (PEI/rGO)3-POM films showed improved current response, high sensitivity, wide linear range, low detection limit, and fast response for H2O2 detection. The enhanced catalytic property of (PEI/rGO)n-POM films is attributed to the electron transfer interaction and electrostatic interaction between POM and rGO.
Storing carbon dioxide for climate's sake: contradictions and parallels with enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Rodriguez Emily
Published: May 2023

An increase in carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, including bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), has led to an urgent demand for storage sites, and Norway stands out for its ongoing and planned geological storage sites in a European context. Even though there are no commercial carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects in Norway and the North Sea, there is scientific literature linking CO2-EOR and CCS in this geographical region. CO2-EOR utilizes CO2 to extract additional oil, counteracting the climate change mitigation purpose of geological storage. This review article explores how CCS is represented in the scientific literature on CO2-EOR in the North Sea and Norway, with a focus on system synergies and contradictions in relation to climate change mitigation. The main themes in the scientific literature on CO2-EOR in the North Sea are climate change, economics, and geological feasibility. Monitoring, safety, and leakage in addition to transportation of CO2 are less salient. The results show that there are contrasting framings in the literature. One framing is that CO2-EOR is a gateway to large-scale storage which maintains, or even expands, the extraction of fossil fuels and contributes to a sustainable transition in the long run through knowledge building and shared infrastructure. In contrast, another framing is that CO2-EOR combined with CCS have goal conflicts and are therefore not compatible, illustrating complexities with geological storage. Finally, this study reflects on how techno-economic research on CO2 storage in the North Sea and Norway is furthered through critical social science perspectives.
Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel for coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with STEMI: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yike , Ye Zixiang , Guo Ziyu , Xie Enmin , Wang Min , Zhao Xuecheng , Liu Mei , Li Peizhao , Yu Changan , Gao Yanxiang , Zheng Jingang
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Approximately half of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who undergo revascularization present with coronary microvascular dysfunction. Dual antiplatelet therapy, consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor (e.g., clopidogrel or ticagrelor), is recommended to reduce rates of cardiovascular events after STEMI. The present study performed a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on coronary microcirculation dysfunction in STEMI patients who underwent the primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible RCTs up to September 2022, with no language restriction. Coronary microcirculation indicators included the corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC), myocardial blush grade (MBG), TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), coronary flow reserve (CFR), and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR).

Results

Seven RCTs that included a total of 957 patients (476 who were treated with ticagrelor and 481 who were treated with clopidogrel) were included. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor better accelerated microcirculation blood flow [cTFC = −2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.38 to −1.41, p < 0.001] and improved myocardial perfusion [MBG = 3, odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.93, p < 0.001; MBG ≥ 2, OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.61 to 4.12, p < 0.001].

Conclusions

Ticagrelor has more benefits for coronary microcirculation than clopidogrel in STEMI patients who undergo the primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, recommendations for which P2Y12 receptor inhibitor should be used in STEMI patients should be provided according to results of studies that investigate clinical outcomes.
Designing mobile health to align with the social determinants of health
Authors: Rogers Courtney C. , Jang Sophia S. , Tidwell Whitney , Shaughnessy Sarah , Milburn Juliane , Hauck Fern R. , Williams Ishan C. , Valdez Rupa S.
Published: May 2023

The maternal health crisis in the United States is becoming increasingly worse, with disparities continuing to escalate among marginalized populations. mHealth can contribute to addressing the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) that produce inequities in maternal morbidity and mortality. Reducing inequities through mHealth can be achieved by designing these technologies to align with SDOH. As mHealth developed to support maternal health has primarily supported the extension of clinical care, there is an opportunity to integrate frameworks and methods from human factors/ergonomics and public health to produce thorough comprehension of SDOH through intentional partnerships with marginalized populations. Potential for this opportunity is presented through a case study derived from a community-based participatory research process focused on transportation access to maternal health services. Through multi-faceted, interdisciplinary, and community-based approaches to designing mHealth that attends to the systemic factors that generate and escalate inequities, improvements in the maternal health crisis could be realized.
Professional identity of pre-service teachers: actual and designated identity profiles and their relationship to teacher education programs
Authors: Meyer Dennis , Doll Jörg , Kaiser Gabriele
Published: May 2023

In this study, we investigated the professional identities of 490 pre-service teachers (PSTs) at the University of Hamburg, Germany. By distributing 100 percentage points, the PSTs assessed the relevance of the roles of subject specialist (SS), didactician (DD), and pedagogue (PD) for themselves currently (actual identity) and for an ideal teacher in different school types (designated identity). A theory-based non-hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished seven profiles: three main role profiles, three dual role profiles, and one balanced profile. The distribution of the PSTs’ actual identities across these seven profiles showed expectedly large interindividual diversity. The most frequent actual identity profiles were those for which the DD and PD roles were particularly relevant (dual role PD/DD profile and balanced profile). The distribution of PSTs across profiles supported the hypothesis that actual identity is related to the type of teacher education program being followed: upper secondary education PSTs were more strongly characterized by profiles that emphasized the SS role (main role SS and dual role SS/DD profiles) than the other PSTs, and special education PSTs were more strongly characterized by profiles that emphasized the PD role (main role PD profile, dual role PD/DD, and PD/SS profiles) than the other PSTs. The designated identities, on the other hand, showed greater consensus among the PSTs. The profiles that best characterized PSTs were the dual role PD/DD profile and the balanced profile. In contrast, the two main role SS and DD profiles and the dual role PD/SS profile were irrelevant as designated identities. A comparison of PSTs’ actual identities with their designated identities showed that a third of the PSTs had the same profile. The diversity of professional identities and the factors in teacher training that influence them should be investigated more closely.
Causal associations of hyperthyroidism with prostate cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Feipeng , Chen Zhenxin
Published: May 2023

Background

Observational studies have shown that hyperthyroidism may increase the risk of cancer, but their causal effects and direction are unclear. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the associations between genetic predisposition to hyperthyroidism and nine common types of cancer, including prostate, lung, breast, colon, leukemia, brain, skin, bladder, and esophagus cancer.

Methods

We obtained summary statistics of hyperthyroidism and nine types of cancers from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). MR analysis is performed to investigate the potential causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and cancers. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method was carried out. The robustness of the results was evaluated by sensitivity analysis.

Results

Genetically predicted hyperthyroidism was associated with a declining risk of occurrence of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR)IVW= 0.859, P= 0.0004; OR MR-Egger=0.828, P= 0.03; OR weighted median= 0.827, P=0.0009). Additionally, there was a significant association between genetically predicted hyperthyroidism and colon cancer (OR IVW= 1.13, P= 0.011; OR MR-Egger= 1.31, P= 0.004; OR weighted median= 1.18, P= 0.0009). Hyperthyroidism was also suggestively correlated with a higher risk of leukemia based on the result of IVW and weighted median (OR IVW= 1.05, P= 0.01; OR weighted median= 1.08, P= 0.001). Results from a two-sample MR analysis suggested that hyperthyroidism was not associated with the risk of lung cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, skin cancer, bladder cancer, and esophageal cancer.

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence of a causal relationship between hyperthyroidism and the risk of prostate cancer, rectal cancer, and leukemia. Further research is needed to clarify the associations between hyperthyroidism and other cancers.
Association between Bisphenol A exposure and body composition parameters in children
Authors: Guo Yong , Liu Cui , Deng Yu-Hong , Ning Jing , Yu Li , Wu Jie-Ling
Published: May 2023

Background

Although there is evidence linking Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to obesity, research examining its relationship with body composition parameters in young children is limited.

Methods

A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 200 preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years in Guangzhou, China. BPA exposure was assessed through urine samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, and body composition parameters were measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody770).

Results

The median urinary BPA concentration was 0.556 μg/L (IQR: 0.301 - 1.031 μg/L) and creatinine-adjusted BPA concentration was 0.930 μg/g (IQR: 0.551 - 1.586 μg/g). BPA levels were significantly associated with body mass index (β= 1.15; 95%CI: 0.47, 1.83), body fat mass (β= 1.14; 95%CI: 0.39, 1.89), fat free mass (β= 0.92; 95%CI: 0.26, 1.58), and percent body fat (β= 3.44; 95%CI: 1.17, 5.71) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Similarly, adjusted models with log10-transformed creatinine-adjusted BPA concentrations as a continuous variable showed similar trends. Positive linear associations were observed between quartiles of BPA concentrations and body composition parameters, with the highest coefficients in the fourth quartile.

Conclusion

Our study provides further evidence of positive correlations between BPA exposure and body composition parameters in children aged 4 to 6 years. These findings highlight the potential health risks associated with obesity-related body composition parameters in young children. Further investigations are needed to confirm this association and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Effect of guanylin peptides on pancreas steatosis and function in experimental diet-induced obesity and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Otero Aarón , Becerril Sara , Martín Marina , Cienfuegos Javier A. , Valentí Víctor , Moncada Rafael , Catalán Victoria , Gómez-Ambrosi Javier , Burrell María A. , Frühbeck Gema , Rodríguez Amaia
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Obesity contributes to ectopic fat deposition in non-adipose organs, including the pancreas. Pancreas steatosis associates with inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. An improvement of pancreatic steatosis and indices of insulin resistance is observed following bariatric surgery, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We sought to analyze whether guanylin (GUCA2A) and uroguanylin (GUCA2B), two gut hormones involved in the regulation of satiety, food preference and adiposity, are involved in the amelioration of pancreas fat accumulation after bariatric surgery.

Methods

Pancreas steatosis, inflammation, islet number and area were measured in male Wistar rats with diet-induced obesity (n=125) subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution of guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and the expression of the guanylin system were evaluated in rat pancreata by real-time PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry. The effect of guanylin and uroguanylin on factors involved in insulin secretion and lipogenesis was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells exposed to lipotoxic conditions.

Results

Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreas steatosis and inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and synthesis. An upregulation of GUCA2A and GUCY2C, but not GUCA2B, was observed in pancreata from rats with diet-induced obesity one month after sleeve gastrectomy. Interestingly, both guanylin and uroguanylin diminished the lipotoxicity in palmitate-treated RIN-m5F β-cells, evidenced by lower steatosis and downregulated lipogenic factors Srebf1, Mogat2 and Dgat1. Both guanylin peptides reduced insulin synthesis (Ins1 and Ins2) and release from RIN-m5F β-cells, but only guanylin upregulated Wnt4, a factor that controls β-cell proliferation and function.

Discussion

Together, sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic steatosis and improved β-cell function. Several mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis as well as the upregulation of GUCA2A in the pancreas, might explain this beneficial effect of bariatric surgery.
Water quality parameters retrieval of coastal mariculture ponds based on UAV multispectral remote sensing
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Jing Wenlong , Deng Yingbin , Zhou Wenneng , Yang Ji , Li Yong , Cai Yanpeng , Hu Yiqiang , Peng Xiaoyan , Lan Wenlu , Peng Mengwei , Tang Yimin
Published: May 2023

The rapid expansion of aquaculture in coastal areas is typically associated with ecological negligence and low water quality owing to the economic exploitation of these areas. However, evaluation of these water bodies tends to be laborious, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of field surveys, in this study, we evaluated the water quality of the cultured water in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi, obtained spectral reflectance by unmanned aerial vehicle with multispectral sensors, and constructed inverse models of 11 water quality parameters, namely, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), active phosphate (PO4−), dissolved oxygen, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids (SS), and chlorophyll a (chl-a), based on the partial least squares method to invert the water quality distribution of regional aquaculture. Furthermore, we compared the retrieval accuracy of different water quality parameters. The following results were obtained: 1) the constructed model’s results showed that the retrieval models for COD, NO3-N, SS, and chl-a had better accuracy compared with those of other parameters; 2) application of the model to the validation set data yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.93 between the measured and predicted SS values, with a mean absolute error of prediction of 4.65 mg L−1; this parameter constructed the best prediction model. According to the validation set results, the correlation coefficients of chl-a, COD and NO3-N are all greater than 0.8, which had better performance effects compared with the remaining models, which are 0.87, 0.86, and 0.81 respectively. This study provides a reference for remote sensing monitoring of water quality in mariculture in cloudy and rainy areas.
Primary inoculum of Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. in its asexual form in apple – a review
Authors: Rancāne Regīna , Valiuškaitė Alma , Stensvand Arne
Published: May 2023

This review summarizes and discusses the geographical distribution, overwintering, dissemination, and management of the asexual stage of Venturia inaequalis, the fungal pathogen causing apple scab. The asexual overwintering of V. inaequalis has primarily been described as wood scab, superficial scab, or bud scab, and more rarely, it is mentioned as overwintering on infected leaves and fruits still attached to the trees. Wood scab is fungal pustules found on new and 1-year-old shoots, but it is also found on 2-year-old wood. It has been reported in many apple-growing countries throughout the world; however, most reports of wood scab being an important source of primary inoculum, as well as the most in-depth studies, are from the UK. Reports from some countries describe what is named superficial scab, which are symptomless infections of the pathogen on shoot surfaces. Overwintering of V. inaequalis on the inner or outer bud scales has also been reported in some countries. Infections may appear as small lesions on the bud scales, but numerous conidia have also been found in buds without symptomatic fungal tissue. The incidence and quantity of overwintering in the asexual stage are dependent on the amount of scab in the previous season, growth characteristics, and cultivar susceptibility. In orchards with limited options for fungicide control and/or in orchards with loss of scab control in the preceding season, conidia of V. inaequalis should not be underestimated as a source of primary inoculum.
Machine learning-based solution reveals cuproptosis features in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Liu Le , Liang Liping , Yang Chenghai , Chen Ye
Published: May 2023

Background

Cuproptosis, a new cell death mode, is majorly modulated by mitochondrial metabolism and protein lipoylation. Nonetheless, cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) have not yet been thoroughly studied for their clinical significance and relationship with the immune microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

We screened CRGs that had a significant correlation with immune status, which was determined utilizing single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE75214). Furthermore, utilizing the R package “CensusClusterPlus”, these CRGs’ expression was used to obtain different patient clusters. Subsequently, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and CIBERSORT assessed the variations in the enrichment of gene function and the abundance of immune cell infiltration and immune functions across these clusters. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were executed, and for the purpose of identifying hub genes between these clusters, the construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was done. Lastly, we used the GSE36807 and GSE10616 datasets as external validation cohorts to validate the immune profiles linked to the expression of CRG. ScRNA-seq profiling was then carried out using the publicly available dataset to examine the CRGs expression in various cell clusters and under various conditions.

Results

Three CRGs, PDHA1, DLD, and FDX1, had a significant association with different immune profiles in IBD. Patients were subsequently classified into two clusters: low expression levels of DLD and PDHA1, and high expression levels of FDX1 were observed in Cluster 1 compared to Cluster 2. According to GSEA, Cluster 2 had a close association with the RNA processes and protein synthesis whereas Cluster 1 was substantially linked to environmental stress response and metabolism regulations. Furthermore, Cluster 2 had more immune cell types, which were characterized by abundant memory B cells, CD4+ T memory activated cells, and follicular helper T cells, and higher levels of immune-related molecules (CD44, CD276,CTLA4 and ICOS) than Cluster 1. During the analysis, the PPI network was divided into three significant MCODEs using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm. The three MCODEs containing four genes respectively were linked to mitochondrial metabolism, cell development, ion and amino acid transport. Finally, external validation cohorts validated these findings, and scRNA-seq profiling demonstrated diverse intestinal cellular compositions with a wide variation in CRGs expression in the gut of IBD patients.

Conclusions

Cuproptosis has been implicated in IBD, with PDHA1, DLD, and FDX1 having the potential as immune biomarkers and therapeutic targets. These results offer a better understanding of the development of precise, dependable, and cutting-edge diagnosis and treatment of IBD.