bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classroom Management Experiences of Non-Education Graduate Teachers
Authors: Babasoro Christine Joy , Cabrillas Allan Moore
Published: July 2024

This study determines the non-education graduate teachers’ experiences and challenges in classroom management preparedness in a local school setting. Also, this would allow the readers to know more about addressing problems these teachers encounter. The researcher's desire to learn more about classroom management and how to become more knowledgeable inspired her to conduct this study. This study was born from the researcher’s desire to explore non-education graduate teachers in selected private schools in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, and how they address problems encountered in classroom management during the School Year 2022-2023. A qualitative study was used in this research that asked participants about their challenges and experiences in the classroom, which is commonly referred to as "phenomenological research." The instrument used was an interview guide composed of openended questions. Participants were teachers from private schools and were non-education graduates. Findings revealed that teachers were concerned about the student's expectations and adjustments in class handling because they had ventured on a new journey away from their finished profession.
Another problem was balancing the modes of teaching for diverse learners.Strategies used commonly by the teachers were giving interactive activities and setting rules. Activities for professional development were required to equip instructors for effective classroom management, including Training, seminars, and group dynamics. Teachers can improve their knowledge and abilities, keep up with technological developments in the classroom, and build relationships with other educators by attending seminars and Training. These results can help educators and policymakers in future studies on classroom management.
Extent and Effectiveness of Differentiated Supervision Among Junior High Schools in Llanera District
Authors: Corpuz Kevin , Halili Christian
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the extent and effectiveness ofdifferentiated supervision in the junior high schools of LlaneraDistrict about teachers' socio-demographic characteristics andteaching performance. The quantitative research method wasused in this study. Total population sampling was employedwith 84 junior high school teachers as respondents. Theresearchers employed a descriptive-correlational design todetermine the significant relationship between variables. Theoutcome of the study revealed that most of the respondents weremiddle-aged and could still do much improvement in theirteaching; dominated by females, married after securing apermanent position, Teacher III, which implies that they werealready promoted to higher positions with Master's degree unitswhich help them in their promotion, and with an average of 6years in the service which means that more than half wereexperienced. School heads actively employ evaluations toprovide meaningful feedback to teachers based on theirindividual needs and level of expertise. The teachers alsoperceived the four approaches as moderately effective, whichindicates that they truly helped them in their role as teachers.The majority had outstanding performance ratings, meaningthey performed their duties and responsibilities satisfactorily.Teachers' positions and years in service were significantly  related to their teaching performance, which means that thehigher the position and the longer the years in service, the betterthe teaching performance. The extent of implementation ofcollaborative and non-directive differentiated supervisionamong schools was significantly related to the performance ofteachers, which implies that when mentors and mentees employcollaborative and non-directive approaches more frequently,their performance improves. The effectiveness of the directiveapproach was also found to be significantly related to theperformance of teachers, which connotes that the performanceof teachers will be enhanced when supervisors actively direct,coach, and set an example for them.
Teaching as a Career: From the Point of View of Millennial Teachers
Authors: Capalad Joselito
Published: July 2024

This study determined the lived experiences of millennial teachers in the District of Aliaga, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija, during the School Year 2022- 2023. This study formulated guide questions and consulted the thesis advisory committee. Evidence was gathered from 10 millennial teachers born from 1981 to 1998 in Aliaga District, Division of Nueva Ecija. Five participants were already married, one male and four female. Five of the participants are single. There are six Teacher I, three Teacher III, and one Master Teacher I, and three of them have already finished their master's degree, while others have units in their graduate studies. The participants' reasons for choosing teaching as their career were the influence of parents, their love for children, and the inspiration of my past Teacher. Two themes emerged when the participants were asked about their daily routines: lesson planning and getting things ready for the whole day's class. As to the rewards, they all agreed that students learning is the reward they get as teachers. In terms of challenges, they encountered students' behavior, reading, and numeracy. The assistance or support they receive from their school heads is professional development, psychological support, and a positive environment. Cooperation and knowledge sharing emerged as themes regarding their impact on their respective schools.
¿Cómo puede ayudar la IA generativa en la organización de eventos? (y II)
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: July 2024

La percepción positiva de la inteligencia artificial (IA) evidenciada en la primera entrega de este artículo parece ser compartida por la mayoría de la población. Según datos de Ipsos (2023), «más de la mitad de la ciudadanía mundial afirma que la IA ayudará en los próximos años a aumentar la productividad y a reducir el tiempo que tardamos en hacer las cosas». Este estudio también apunta que las personas piensan que la IA incrementará las opciones de entretenimiento.
Progressive Paraparesis due to Extramedullary Haematopoiesis in Thalassaemia Intermedia Treated Successfully with Radiotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Pal Bithi , Barman Debottam , Dutta Bodhiswatta
Published: July 2024

Extramedullary Haematopoiesis (EMH), a rare complication of Thalassaemia Intermedia (TI), can present with pressure symptoms including Spinal Cord Compression (SCC) and can be treated using surgery, radiotherapy, hypertransfusion, or hydroxyurea. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 20-year-old male young thalassaemic patient presented with progressive paraparesis. Neurological examination suggested SCC, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed paravertebral masses due to EMH. The patient was treated with radiotherapy to a dose of 30 Gy over three weeks. There was immediate, near-complete resolution of symptoms, and the patient could walk without assistance. He has been doing well since 1.5 years of treatment. So, in cases of TI, one should think of EMH as a differential diagnosis for paraparesis. Early clinicoradiological diagnosis of EMH-induced SCC is necessary and possible, as there is a high chance of complete remission of symptoms with radiotherapy, which is a non invasive and effective treatment option.
Successful Management of Rituximab Refractory Warm Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia with Splenectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Ansari Zuber , Akhtar Suhail , Ahmed Anas , Bhati Sumera
Published: July 2024

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) is a rare haematological disorder characterised by autoantibodies directed against autologous red blood cells. It can be idiopathic or secondary and classified as Warm type AIHA (WAIHA), cold, or mixed. The primary treatment for WAIHA is a long course of steroid administration, which has an early response rate of 80-90%. However, up to 20-30% of patients require second-line therapy. In the last decade, rituximab has replaced splenectomy as the first-choice therapy for refractory WAIHA patients due to its efficacy and safety. There is a paucity of reported cases of WAIHA refractory to both steroids and rituximab that have responded to splenectomy. This is a case of a 35-year-old female with a history of jaundice and anaemia for the past two years. The patient was diagnosed with WAIHA with a Direct Antibody Test (DAT) positive, IgG positive, and C3d negative results, and massive splenomegaly that was initially refractory to steroids and rituximab but responded to splenectomy. Significant splenomegaly may be an indication for choosing splenectomy over rituximab as a second-line treatment in steroid-refractory WAIHA.
Report on Crioceris sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Infestation and Damage to Medicinal Plant Asparagus racemosus (Liliopsida:	Asparagaceae) in New Delhi, India
Authors: Gouda M. N. Rudra , M Yogananda , L.M.B. Ashwini , Banswal Avneesh , Pradhan Srijana , Deeksha Mudagadde G.
Published: July 2024

This study reports a species of Crioceris infesting Asparagus racemosus Willd. The adults exhibit sexual dimorphism, with black males and yellowish-brown females bearing a distinct black spot on their elytra. Morphological and molecular analyses indicate a close relationship (95% genetic identity) with the Crioceris genus. Life cycle aspects, including hibernation during winter, spring emergence for mating and egg-laying, and polygynandrous mating behaviour, have been observed. Significant damage caused by Crioceris sp. to A. racemosus, including broken cladophylls, notched leaves, and defoliation, hindering plant growth, is reported.
Evaluation of Genotypes and Varieties against Foliar Blight Disease of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Shahnaz Efath , Razdan V. K. , Dar Z. A. , Lone A. A. , Habib M. , Nisa Seerat Un , Banday Saba , Yousuf Vaseem , Kumar Amit , Iqbal Shahida
Published: July 2024

Onion is an important vegetable crop grown all over the world in different seasons. In India, Maharashtra is the main onion producing state followed by Karnataka, Mashya Pradesh and Rajasthan. In the UT of Jammu & Kashmir, onion is grown on an area of 2.85 thousand hectares with production of 65.27 thousand tonnes and productivity of 22.94 t/ha. The crop is affected by a number of diseases in the field as well in storage which reduces its production and productivity. Foliar blight is one such disease which is caused by the association of at least six pathogens viz. are Alternaria porri, A. alternata, A. teneuissima, Stemphylium vesicarium, Colletotrichum circinans and Cladosporium allii-cepae. The present investigations were undertaken for the evaluation of resistance against foliar blight disease. None of the genotypes/varieties tested, showed resistant reaction to onion foliar blight during the first year. Thirty-five varieties showed moderately susceptible reactions with disease intensity varying from 21.23 per cent (Early Supreme) to 28.69 per cent (NRCOG-659), whereas, only four varieties, viz., Brown Spansl, NRCOG-227, Phule Safed and Nasik Dark Red showed susceptible reaction (per cent disease intensity greater than 30.00). Arka Kalyan was the only variety with resistant reaction (7.50 per cent disease intensity) of the twenty-three varieties tested, during the second year, whereas, Brown Spansl was the only variety with per cent disease intensity greater than 30 (susceptible reaction).
Simulation and Analysis of the Dynamics of 2K-V Reducer Based on RecurDyn
Authors: Tongtong Li , Guo Wei , Chenchen Wu , Xu Zhang
Published: July 2024

The 2K-V reducer is characterized by large transmission ratio, large load carrying capacity, high transmission accuracy and smooth transmission, and it is of great significance to study its dynamic characteristics. Taking a certain type of 2K-V reducer as the research object, a parametric three-dimensional model was established in SolidWorks, and the dynamics model of 2K-V reducer was established by RecurDyn. After simulation and analysis, the key zero part transmission speed curve and transmission error are obtained. The research method has certain guiding significance for the precision design of 2K-V reducer.
Health Implications of Volcanic Ash and Gases from Eruptions at Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: Wantim Mabel N. , Badriyo Innocent A. , Balgawa Louis M. , Lois Mformem Egbe , Peter Nde-Fon , Karume Katcho , Yenshu Emmanuel V. , Ayonghe Samuel N.
Published: July 2024

Aims: To assess the prevalence of respiratory, ocular, and skin diseases in communities exposed to volcanic hazards at the flanks of Mount Nyiragongo (MN) and Mount Cameroon (MC).
Study Design: This study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire surveys, and a review of outpatient department (OPD) registers.
 Place and Duration of Study: Conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Goma and Karisimbi Municipalities (DR Congo) and the Limbe Health District (Cameroon).
 Methodology: Two workshops were held in Goma and Batoke with 40 participants each. Supplementary data were collected through questionnaires from 738 participants in Goma and 400 in Limbe. Hospital data on respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from 11 health facilities in Goma, Karisimbi, Nyiragongo, Sake, and Limbe, covering the years 1997 to 2006. The study focused on the 2002 MN and 1999/2000 MC eruptions.
 Results: Significant increases in respiratory diseases (asthma and bronchitis) were observed, with over 4000 cases in MN and affecting over 30% of the population in MC. Ocular diseases (conjunctivitis and blindness) saw over 800 cases, impacting more than 25% of the population. Skin diseases (dermatitis) recorded over 600 cases, affecting over 35% of the population. Increased incidences of diarrhoea (79.96%) and gastroenteritis (75.9%) were reported in MN communities.
Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases varied across health districts, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
When Interrogative Self‐talk Improves Task Performance: The Role of Answers to Self‐posed Questions
Authors: Puchalska‐Wasyl Małgorzata M.
Published: February 2014

Nearly all the self‐talk cues studied so far have been self‐statements. However, the findings of Senay, Albarracin, and Noguchi suggest that interrogative self‐talk produces better task performance than declarative one. Two of the experiments reported here were meant to replicate that study, but the expected differences were not confirmed. Experiment 3 showed that if a self‐posed question about future behavior was answered positively, task performance was better than in groups exposed either to the self‐statement ‘I will do it’ or to a negative answer following the question. However, these differences occurred only in those who self‐reported the awareness of the impact of self‐talk on their thought processes. This effect and the possible reasons why between‐group differences were not found in Experiments 1 and 2 are discussed. An alternative explanation for the results of Experiment 3 is also proposed beside that stressing the impact of internal answer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population level differences in adult body mass emerge in infancy and early childhood: Evidence from a global sample of low and lower‐income countries
Authors: Hadley Craig , Hruschka Daniel J.
Published: February 2014

Many studies have linked measures of adult body shape and mass in ancient and contemporary populations to ecogeographical variables such as temperature and latitude. These results tend to support Bergmann's rule, which posits that bodies will be relatively less slender for their height in colder climates and more slender in warmer climates. Less well explored is the ontogeny of these population‐level differences. Here we use data on infants and children from 46 low and lower income countries to test whether children's weight for height is associated with measures of temperature and latitude. We also test the hypothesis that children living in areas with greater pathogen prevalence will be lighter for their height because of life history trade‐offs between investment in immune function and growth. Finally, we test whether population specific adult body mass predicts infant and child body mass, and whether this is independent of ecogeographical variables. Our results show that maximum monthly temperature explains 17% of children's weight for height while adult population‐level body mass explains ∼44% (Table ). The measures of pathogen prevalence explain little of the variation in children's body shape (8%; P > 0.05). Our results suggest that population differences are consistent with Bergmann's rule but parental body shape explains more variance. Moreover, these population‐level differences arise early in development, suggesting that any possible environmental influences occur in utero and/or result from epigenetic or population genetic differences. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:232–238, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Struktur und Reaktivität später Übergangsmetall‐ η3‐Benzylkomplexe
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Czabaniuk Lara C.
Published: February 2014

Die Koordination von Übergangsmetallen an organische Einheiten kann zu Komplexen mit faszinierenden und unerwarteten Bindungsmustern führen. Untersuchungen von Benzylmetall‐Komplexen haben die Möglichkeit einer η3‐Koordination ergeben, die zu einem desaromatisierten Ring führt. Als Zwischenstufen in Katalysezyklen bieten diese Komplexe zudem Einblicke in Reaktionsmechanismen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Synthese und Charakterisierung dieser Komplexe mit späten Übergangsmetallen sowie die nachfolgende Entwicklung katalytischer Methoden zur Funktionalisierung der Benzylposition einschließlich asymmetrischer Varianten besprochen.
A New Type of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropane Reactivity: The Generation of Formal 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Dipoles
Authors: Novikov Roman A. , Tarasova Anna V. , Korolev Victor A. , Timofeev Vladimir P. , Tomilov Yury V.
Published: February 2014

A new type of donor–acceptor cyclopropane reactivity has been discovered. On treatment with anhydrous GaCl3, they react as sources of even‐numbered 1,2‐ and 1,4‐dipoles instead of the classical odd‐numbered 1,3‐dipoles due to migration of positive charge from the benzyl center. This type of reactivity has been demonstrated for new reactions, namely, cyclodimerizations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes that occur as [2+2]‐, [3+2]‐, [4+2]‐, [5+2]‐, [4+3]‐, and [5+4]‐annulations. The [4+2]‐annulation of 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates to give polysubstituted 2‐aryltetralins has been developed in a preparative version that provides exceedingly high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity and high yields. The strategy for selective hetero‐combination of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes was also been developed. The mechanisms of the discovered reactions involving the formation of a comparatively stable 1,2‐ylide intermediate have been studied.
Ruthenium‐katalysierte gekreuzte dehydrierende ortho‐N‐Carbazolierung von Diarylaminen: ein vielseitiger Zugang zu unsymmetrischen Diaminen
Authors: Louillat Marie‐Laure , Biafora Agostino , Legros Fabien , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: February 2014

Die dehydrierende C‐N‐Kreuzkupplung unter ortho‐N‐Carbazolierung nichtgeschützter sekundärer Anilinderivate gelang mit einem Ruthenium‐Katalysator und O2 als terminalem Oxidationsmittel. Die Reaktionen verlaufen als intermolekulare Heterokupplungen und sind selektiv für die ortho‐Position.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Macrocycles Formed by Radical Cation Dimerization: The Role of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Solvent
Authors: Wang Wei‐Kun , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: February 2014

Compounds 1 a and 1 b were prepared by appending two tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units to an aromatic amide segment that is driven by six or two intramolecular NH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds to adopt a folded conformation. UV/Vis absorption experiments revealed that if the TTF units were oxidized to TTF.+ radical cations, the two compounds could form a stable single molecular noncovalent macrocycle in less polar dichloromethane or dichloroethane or a bimolecular noncovalent macrocycle in a binary mixture of dichloromethane with a more polar solvent owing to remarkably enhanced dimerization of the TTF.+ units. The stability of the (TTF.+)2 dimer was evaluated through UV/Vis absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry experiments and also by comparing the results with those of control compound 2. The results showed that introduction of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds played a crucial role in promoting the stability of the (TTF.+)2 dimer and thus the noncovalent macrocyclization of the two backbones in both uni‐ and bimolecular manners.
Leveraging the Web as a Platform for Economic Inclusion
Authors: Treviranus Jutta
Published: February 2014

In this commentary the author poses the question: can the “curb‐cut” phenomenon (a phenomenon holding that innovations motivated by a desire to address the challenges faced by persons with disabilities benefit the broader majority) be scaled to help address our society's greatest global challenges? The article describes an international initiative that leverages the World Wide Web to address the economic exclusion of people with disabilities and maps out how this may help to address the broader issues of our current markets, education, employment, and financial systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of echocardiographic and angiographic measurements of the pulmonary valve annulus in pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Chubb H. , Ward A. , Worme A. , Qureshi S.A. , Rosenthal E. , Krasemann T.
Published: February 2014

Objectives

The pulmonary valve (PV) annulus is routinely measured angiographically in PV stenosis prior to balloon dilation. We sought to establish whether this radiation exposure is justified, or whether echocardiographic measurements prior to the procedure are sufficient to guide balloon selection.

Background

Previous studies have found a strong correlation between echocardiographic and angiographic measurements of the PV annulus. However, error of measurement and its implication for procedural practice has not been explored.

Methods

A total of 90 procedures in 84 patients were analyzed, at a median age 7.6 months (range 1 day to 14.2 years). The contemporaneous echocardiographic and angiographic measurements were recorded, and the original echocardiograms were re‐measured in the 72 available cases by two independent reviewers.

Results

There was a good correlation between the two measurement methods (R2 = 0.87). However, the echocardiographic PV measurements were smaller on average, with a significant variation in that discrepancy (mean ratio 0.941 (±0.16)). There was no significant reduction in error if extreme measurements (PV annulus z‐score <−3) were excluded (P = 0.09), or if the reviewed echocardiographic measurements were used (P = 0.58).

Conclusions

There is an unacceptable discrepancy between the measurement techniques: 95% of patients are predicted to have an echocardiographic measurement error between −37% and +26%. Therefore, there is no correction factor that could be employed to allow safe selection of balloon size, and balloon pulmonary valvoplasty without angiographic PV measurement cannot be advocated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infective endocarditis as a mid‐term complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Sulženko Jakub , Toušek Petr , Línková Hana
Published: February 2014

Few cases of infective endocarditis (IE) as a complication of percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have been reported. Here, we present a case of IE caused by Streptococcus viridans that occurred 6 months after TAVI with the corevalve revalving system. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and was asymptomatic during the 2 years after IE. We also present a review of the literature, including 15 published cases of IE after TAVI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebral events and protection during transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Freeman Melanie , Barbanti Marco , Wood David A. , Ye Jian , Webb John G.
Published: February 2014

Stroke has emerged as one of the most concerning complications following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), associated with high morbidity and mortality. We discuss the potential mechanisms of stroke following TAVR, as well as the newly developed embolic protection devices aimed to reduce the risk of stroke. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Palette of Phenanthridinium Cations
Authors: Cairns Andrew G. , Senn Hans Martin , Murphy Michael P. , Hartley Richard C.
Published: February 2014

5,6‐Disubstituted phenanthridinium cations have a range of redox, fluorescence and biological properties. Some properties rely on phenanthridiniums intercalating into DNA, but the use of these cations as exomarkers for the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, and as inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) do not require intercalation. A versatile modular synthesis of 5,6‐disubstituted phenanthridiniums that introduces diversity by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, imine formation and microwave‐assisted cyclisation is presented. Computational modelling at the density functional theory (DFT) level reveals that the novel displacement of the aryl halide by an acyclic N‐alkylimine proceeds by an SNAr mechanism rather than electrocyclisation. It is found that the displacement of halide is concerted and there is no stable Meisenheimer intermediate, provided the calculations consistently use a polarisable solvent model and a diffuse basis set.
Therapeutic Alliance in the Personal Therapy of Graduate Clinicians: Relationship to the Alliance and Outcomes of Their Patients
Authors: Gold Stephanie H. , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Kuutmann Klara , Owen Jesse J.
Published: February 2014

This is the first study to explore the relationship between aspects of a therapists' personal therapy and the subsequent psychotherapy process and outcome they perform. The participants were 14 graduate clinicians with various experiences in personal therapy, who treated 54 outpatients engaged in short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapy at a university‐based community clinic. Results demonstrated non‐significant relationships between the duration of personal therapy as well as a graduate clinician's overall alliance in their personal therapy with alliance ratings made by themselves as therapists and their patients, as well as the number of psychotherapy sessions attended by patients. However, the clinician's personal therapy alliance was significant and positively related to their patients' rating of outcome. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between the degree of perceived helpfulness in their personal therapy and how these clinicians rated alliances, as the therapist, with their patients. The current findings suggest a relationship between a clinician's personal therapy alliance and the outcome of treatments they conduct. Implications for clinical training and practice as well as future research are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

While graduate clinician's personal therapy alliance was not significantly related to their patients' ratings of alliance, it was related to their patients' ratings of outcome.

Trainee satisfaction with or quality of their personal therapy may be a more relevant than the amount or duration of their treatment in regard to the process and outcomes of their patients.

The findings from retrospective clinician surveys on the helpfulness of their personal therapy may not be entirely consistent with empirical examination of these issues.

The relation of personal therapy and outcome may work through improving the therapist's level of adaptive functioning (i.e., psychological‐relational‐emotional health) and future research should examine this simpler, more parsimonious, explanation for our findings.
Effect of solidification rate on microstructures and orientations of Al‐Cu hypereutectic alloy in thin crucible
Authors: Gao Ka , Li Shuangming , Xu Lei , Fu Hengzhi
Published: February 2014

The microstructures and orientations of Al‐40%Cu hypereutectic alloy prepared in a 0.45 mm high‐purity alumina crucible at different directional solidification rates (5, 10 and 100 μm/s) were investigated. With solidification rate increasing, the primary phase Al2Cu of the alloy transits from complex dendrite morphologies to regular faceted square shapes. The surfaces of regular square morphology about Al2Cu phase are {110} facets. The orientation text results by XRD showed that at a growth rate of 5 μm/s, the phase displayed texture orientations at (310), (110), and (220). At 100 μm/s, the phase possessed a very strong preferred orientation at (310). The experimental results showed that growth in small‐size samples at a higher growth rate can achieve a regular microstructure with preferred orientation. The growth morphologies are deduced from attachment energies descripted the microstructure evolution of the primary phase.
Does total manual rescreening of negative pap tests screened by the thinprep imaging system add any value?
Authors: Martin Erica L. , Michael Claire W. , Bomeisl Philip E. , Shyu Susan , Wasman Jay K.
Published: February 2014

We compared the performance of utilizing the ThinPrep® Imaging System (TIS) according to the manufacturer's directions to screening with the TIS plus total manual rescreening in Pap tests that were initially diagnosed as NIL to determine whether manual rescreening decreases the false‐negative rate for epithelial lesions.

Three thousand three hundred forty cases were diagnosed as NIL on the 22 fields of view selected by the TIS and subsequently manually rescreened by the same cytotechnologist. Six hundred seventy‐four cases were sent to a cytopathologist for final diagnosis based on review criteria. Biopsy follow‐up and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test results were noted if available for cases with a diagnosis of ASCUS or above.

Three thousand one hundred fifty‐nine (94.6%) were confirmed NIL and 181 cases were diagnosed as abnormal on manual rescreen. There were 147 ASCUS, 6 ASCH, 9 AGC, 19 LSIL, and 0 HSIL cases. The overall false‐negative rate of screening for atypia/SIL with the TIS was 5.4%. Of the 147 cases with HPV results, 43 (29%) were positive. Only 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 was found on biopsy follow‐up, in a case of ASCUS with a positive HPV.

Based on our data, the TIS for screening of Pap tests is reliable in NIL cases as compared to total manual rescreening. The majority of the false‐negative cases were diagnosed as ASCUS on subsequent review, with 0 HSIL cases. Our results confirm that the TIS is highly accurate in excluding HSIL, negating the need for total manual rescreening of NIL Pap tests. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:834–839. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcription factor AP2 epsilon (Tfap2e) regulates neural crest specification in xenopus
Authors: Hong Chang‐Soo , Devotta Arun , Lee Young‐Hoon , Park Byung‐Yong , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre
Published: February 2014

Transcription factors Pax3 and Zic1 are two important regulators of cell fate decision at the neural plate border, where they act synergistically to promote neural crest (NC) formation. To understand the role of these factors in NC development, we performed a microarray analysis to identify downstream targets of Pax3 and Zic1 in Xenopus embryos. Among the genes identified was a member of transcription factor activator protein 2 (Tfap2) family, Tfap2 epsilon (Tfap2e). Tfap2e is first expressed at early neurula stage in NC progenitors and Rohon–Beard sensory neurons, and persists in a subset of migrating cranial NC cells as they populate the pharyngeal arches. This is in contrast to other species in which Tfap2e is not detected in the early NC lineage. Tfap2e morpholino‐mediated knockdown results in a loss of NC progenitors and an expansion of the neural plate. Tfap2e is also sufficient to activate NC‐specific genes in animal cap explants, and gain‐of‐function experiments in the whole embryo indicate that Tfap2e can promote NC formation. We propose that Tfap2e is a novel player in the gene regulatory network controlling NC specification in Xenopus downstream of Pax3 and Zic1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 894–906, 2014
Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Studies of a Dimeric Europium(III) β‐Diketonate Complex Containing [3‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate
Authors: Coelho Ana C. , Gomes Ana C. , Fernandes José A. , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Braga Susana S. , Rino Luís , Pereira Luiz , Pillinger Martyn , Gonçalves Isabel S.
Published: February 2014

The homodinuclear europium(III) β‐diketonate complex [Eu2(bta)4(pypzCH2COO)2] (1) {bta = 1‐benzoyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetonate, pypzCH2COO = [3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate} was isolated after recrystallization of the crude product obtained from the reaction of [Eu(bta)3(H2O)2] with one equivalent of the ligand phenyl[3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1‐pyrazolyl]acetate (pypzCH2CO2C6H5). A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study confirmed that during the recrystallization the hydrolysis of the ester group in pypzCH2CO2C6H5 took place to give pypzCH2COO–, which culminated in the crystallization of dinuclear complex 1 in which each Eu3+ ion is coordinated to two O,O′‐chelated bta– groups and one N,N′‐chelated pyrazolylpyridine ligand, and the two metal centers are linked by tridentate chelating–bridging (μ2‐η2,η1) carboxylate groups. The luminescence properties of 1 were investigated by steady‐state photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and time‐resolved PL.
A Label‐Free Electrochemical Aptasensor for Thrombin Using a Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Casted Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE)
Authors: Park Kyungsoon , Kwon Seong Jung , Kwak Juhyoun
Published: February 2014

An electrochemical aptasensor with a thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) was developed using a single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) casted GCE. The TBA was immobilized on SWCNTs through π‐stacking without any special modification, resulting in helical wrapping to the surface. In the presence of thrombin, the TBA binds with thrombin and the TBA concentration on the SWCNT surface decreases. The remaining amount of TBA can be analyzed by an electrochemical method without any label, because the guanine bases of the nucleic acid are measurable by electrochemical methods. The electrochemical oxidation of guanine nucleotides was enhanced by electrocatalytic mediation using Ru(bpy)32+ for higher sensitivity and reduction of the overpotential for electrochemical detection.
Preparation and enhanced photocatalytic performance of one‐dimensional ZnO nanorods
Authors: Lin Jialian , Wang Dongfang , Chen Da , Ge Qisheng , Ping Guangxing , Fan Meiqiang , Qin Laishun , Shu Kangying
Published: February 2014

One dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorods were successfully synthesized via a facile solution route by refluxing their acetate precursors in diethylene glycol medium at 160°C. The as‐prepared ZnO nanorods were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Experimental results demonstrated that the resultant products showed a 1D rod‐like hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with diameters of about 5 nm and lengths of up to 100–200 nm. A possible growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods was tentatively proposed. Photocatalytic measurements demonstrated that the as‐prepared ZnO nanorods showed higher photocatalytic activities than the commercial photocatalyst TiO2 P25 nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of solution pH values and initial solution concentrations on the photocatalytic activities of as‐prepared ZnO nanorods was also evaluated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 74–80, 2015
Implications of interacting microscale habitat heterogeneity and disturbance events on Folsomia candida (Collembola) population dynamics: A modeling approach
Authors: Meli Mattia , Palmqvist Annemette , Forbes Valery E.
Published: February 2014

The authors implemented a fractal algorithm in a spatially explicit individual-based model to generate landscapes with different microscale patterns of habitat fragmentation and disturbance events and studied their effects on population dynamics of the collembolan Folsomia candida. Among human activities that may cause habitat destruction, the present study focused on agricultural practices. Soil organisms living in a cultivated field are subjected to habitat loss and fragmentation as well as disturbance events generated by the application of agrochemicals and related activities. In addition, they are exposed to natural stressors, which might influence the effects of chemicals on populations. The authors designed simulation experiments that incorporate these 3 factors and investigated their effects on populations of F. candida in the presence or absence of behavioral avoidance of contaminated habitat. Simulation results show that spatial autocorrelation of contamination has different effects on population growth and equilibrium size according to the percentage of clean habitat. This pattern changes when avoidance behavior is excluded from the model, as does population recovery after a series of disturbance events. The model suggests that a combination of heterogeneous contamination and multiple stressors can lead to unexpected effects of toxicants at the population level. Individual-based models can help to understand these effects and therefore add ecological realism to environmental risk assessment of chemicals and can help to explore the effects of different risk management options. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1508–1516. © 2014 SETAC
A new species of Leopoldia (Asparagaceae Scilloideae formerly Hyacinthaceae) from Iran
Authors: Jafari Azarnoosh
Published: February 2014

Leopoldia tabriziana Jafari (Hyacinthaceae) from northwest of Iran (East Azarbaijan province) is described here and illustrated by a line‐drawing. It is similar to L. comosa Parl. but differs in having violet (not cream) pedicels in the fresh fertile flowers, oblong‐campanulate (not oblong‐urceolate) fertile flowers, triangular‐obovate (not globose‐obovate) sterile flowers, dark violet (not beige) fertile flowers and dark violet (not pale violet) sterile flowers with much shorter pedicels. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A high‐order fully explicit flux‐form semi‐Lagrangian shallow‐water model
Authors: Ullrich Paul Aaron , Lauritzen Peter Hjort , Jablonowski Christiane
Published: February 2014

A new approach is proposed for constructing a fully explicit third‐order mass‐conservative semi‐Lagrangian scheme for simulating the shallow‐water equations on an equiangular cubed‐sphere grid. State variables are staggered with velocity components stored pointwise at nodal points and mass variables stored as element averages. In order to advance the state variables in time, we first apply an explicit multi‐step time‐stepping scheme to update the velocity components and then use a semi‐Lagrangian advection scheme to update the height field and tracer variables. This procedure is chosen to ensure consistency between dry air mass and tracers, which is particularly important in many atmospheric chemistry applications. The resulting scheme is shown to be competitive with many existing numerical methods on a suite of standard test cases and demonstrates slightly improved performance over other high‐order finite‐volume models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit implementation of the AUSM +  and AUSM + up schemes
Authors: Colonia S. , Steijl R. , Barakos G. N.
Published: February 2014

At the University of Liverpool, the Helicopter Multi‐Block (HMB2) CFD code is used for studies of various subsonic and transonic flows. This paper presents the implicit implementation in HMB2 of the AUSM +  and AUSM + up, with a fully analytical Jacobian, so that a wider range of Mach numbers can be modelled, including high‐speed flows. A description of the derivation of the analytical Jacobian is given in this paper along with an evaluation of the performance of the implicit schemes for different test cases, including turbulent flows. As examples of high‐speed flows of aerospace interest, a blunt body, a single cone, a shock wave/turbulent boundary‐layer interaction and the Orion spacecraft have been considered. For the transonic regime, the RAE2822 aerofoil and the ONERA M6 wing have been used as test cases. Finally, for low Mach flows, the S809 wind turbine aerofoil and the MEXICO project wind turbine blade have been chosen. The shear stress transport and κ– ω turbulence models have been employed for the turbulent cases. The proposed implicit implementation of the AUSM +  and AUSM + up schemes proved to have good efficiency and robustness without affecting the reliability of the original schemes.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Standardized Motions in Temporal Analysis of Work Activity
Authors: Bedny Gregory Z. , Karwowski Waldemar , Voskoboynikov Fred
Published: February 2014

This article focuses on the time study of behavioral components of work activity. The method time measurement (MTM‐1) system is a powerful tool for analyzing behavioral components of activity. However, the MTM‐1 system's rules for the selection of basic elements for tasks’ description are necessary but insufficient. Professionals can use the MTM‐1 system rules effectively only after analyzing strategies of a task performance and studying the logical organization of motor and cognitive actions. The results of this study demonstrate that the MTM‐1 system can be used for analyzing behavioral components of activity only after analyzing real strategies of task performance.
MiR‐503 targets PI3K p85 and IKK‐β and suppresses progression of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Lei , Zhang Ying , Guan Hongyu , Wu Jueheng , Zhu Xun , Yuan Jie , Li Mengfeng
Published: February 2014

A microRNA usually has the ability to coordinately repress multiple target genes and therefore are associated with many pathological conditions such as human cancer. Our understanding of the biological roles of microRNAs in lung cancer, however, remains incomplete. In this study, we identified miR‐503 as a tumor‐suppressive microRNA in human non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), whose expression level correlates inversely with overall survival in NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of miR‐503 suppressed tumor cell proliferation and metastasis‐related traits in vitro as well as in vivo, supporting a anti‐cancer role of the microRNA in NSCLC progression. Mechanistic study revealed that oncogenic PI3K p85 and IKK‐β were direct targets of miR‐503. Overexpression of either PI3K p85 or IKK‐β partially restored the malignant properties of NSCLC cells in the presence of miR‐503. Taken together, our data demonstrate miR‐503 inhibits the malignant phenotype of NSCLC by targeting PI3K p85 and IKK‐β and might play a suppressive role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, thus providing new insights in developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Molecular phylogenies as a tool to understand diversity in rotifers
Authors: Fontaneto Diego
Published: February 2014

Over the past decade, the availability of DNA sequence data from rotifers and the development of statistical and analytical tools linked to phylogenetic reconstructions allowed researchers to deepen our knowledge of patterns and processes in rotifer diversity. Here, I review the recent rotifer literature regarding: (i) the position of rotifers in the animal kingdom, with the wide consensus being within Spiralia, in a clade called Platyzoa together with Acanthocephalans, Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, and Platyhelminthes; (ii) the still unresolved phylogenetic relationships within rotifers and the disputed position of Acanthocephala; (iii) the discovery of extensive hidden diversity through DNA taxonomy; (iv) phylogeography; and (v) the phylogenetic structure of rotifer communities. In order to facilitate the further discovery of hidden diversity in rotifers, I provide a simple tutorial on the currently available methods in DNA taxonomy from single locus data using a previously published rotifer dataset as an example. Moreover, I outline a brief perspective on the potentiality of the use of phylogenetic approaches in future rotifer studies.
Hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation practice in the United States: A nationally representative survey
Authors: Edelson Dana P. , Yuen Trevor C. , Mancini Mary E. , Davis Daniel P. , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Miller Joseph A. , Abella Benjamin S.
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND

In‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) outcomes vary widely between hospitals, even after adjusting for patient characteristics, suggesting variations in practice as a potential etiology. However, little is known about the standards of IHCA resuscitation practice among US hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

To describe current US hospital practices with regard to resuscitation care.

DESIGN

A nationally representative mail survey.

SETTING

A random sample of 1000 hospitals from the American Hospital Association database, stratified into 9 categories by hospital volume tertile and teaching status (major teaching, minor teaching, and nonteaching).

SUBJECTS

Surveys were addressed to each hospital's cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) committee chair or chief medical/quality officer.

MEASUREMENTS

A 27‐item questionnaire.

RESULTS

Responses were received from 439 hospitals with a similar distribution of admission volume and teaching status as the sample population (P = 0.50). Of the 270 (66%) hospitals with a CPR committee, 23 (10%) were chaired by a hospitalist. High frequency practices included having a rapid response team (91%) and standardizing defibrillators (88%). Low frequency practices included therapeutic hypothermia and use of CPR assist technology. Other practices such as debriefing (34%) and simulation training (62%) were more variable and correlated with the presence of a CPR committee and/or dedicated personnel for resuscitation quality improvement. The majority of hospitals (79%) reported at least 1 barrier to quality improvement, of which the lack of a resuscitation champion and inadequate training were the most common.

CONCLUSIONS

There is wide variability among hospitals and within practices for resuscitation care in the United States with opportunities for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:353–357. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Comparison of twice refocused spin echo versus stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging for tracking muscle fibers
Authors: Noehren Brian , Andersen Anders , Feiweier Thorsten , Damon Bruce , Hardy Peter
Published: February 2014

Purpose

To compare the precision of measuring the pennation angle and fiber length in the vastus lateralis (VL) using two distinctly different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences.

Materials and Methods

We imaged the thigh of 10 normal subjects on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) imager with twice refocused spin echo (TRSE) and stimulated echo (STEAM) DTI‐MRI techniques. Both techniques took the same total acquisition time and employed the same diffusion weighting and gradient directions. Using the diffusion tensor images produced by each sequence, muscle fiber bundles were tracked from the aponeurosis by following the first eigenvector of the diffusion tensor. From these tracks we calculated the pennation angle and fiber length.

Results

The STEAM acquisition resulted in significantly higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values, and longer fibers than TRSE. Although no difference in the pennation angle between the two acquisitions was found, the TRSE sequence had a significantly greater within‐subject dispersion in the pennation angle of tracked fibers, which may indicate a reduction in the coherence of fiber bundles.

Conclusion

DTI of muscle using a STEAM acquisition resulted in significant improvements in the SNR and FA, resulting in tracking a larger number of muscle fiber bundles over longer distances and with less within‐subject dispersion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:624–632. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.