bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study on Determinants of Loan Repayment Behaviour of SMEs Towards Commercial Banks
Authors: Nandini M. , Shubha B. N.
Published: January 2022

India, as a developing economy even after five decades of planning, still has a long way to catch up with the advanced economies of the globe. The goal may be distant, but surely, the time needed to reach can be reduced by accelerating the pace of development. One way of doing this is by the development of industrial and business ventures. There exists a positive relationship between the growth of an economy and the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs play a vibrant role in the development of an economy. Access to the formal source of credit by entrepreneurs is essential in a growing economy. Lending to SMEs is a risky activity for the banks as repayment of these loans are less guaranteed. The research article attempts to analyse the factors influencing the loan repayment behaviour of SMEs towards commercial banks. Data are collected using the convenience method of sampling from 80 registered SMEs belonging to the manufacturing and service sectors in the Bangalore region, and data are analysed using statistical tools such as correlation and logit regression analysis, conclusions are drawn based on these findings. The study reveals that characteristics of loan and lender influence the repayment to the maximum extent. The findings are helpful for commercial banks in redesigning suitable policies and schemes to reduce loan defaults.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on a Multidisciplinary Approach to Reverse Phenotyping: A Case Report on Prenatal Diagnosis of CAMRQ Type 4 Syndrome
Authors: Velpula Madhura Geethika , Adusumilli Venkata Nagaraja , Koshy Teena , Andrew Chitra , Manokaran Ranjith Kumar , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari
Published: January 2022

Cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome 4 (CAMRQ4) is a heterogenous group of genetic disorders that have been grouped based on their shared clinical features. CAMRQ4 should be suspected in patients presenting with ataxia, mental retardation, hypotonia, microcephaly, choreoathetoid movements or chorea, ophthalmoplegia, and global developmental delay, even if brain magnetic resonance imaging appears to be normal. We describe a family for whom reverse phenotyping played a crucial role in achieving the correct diagnosis of CAMRQ4 in the index child and prenatal diagnosis for the subsequent pregnancy. We describe the multidisciplinary approach that was followed during the pandemic, ensuring that the family was appropriately guided and informed.
Cash Conversion Cycle and Value of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Dengel Bula Yila
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the impact of cash conversion cycle on the value of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria, with the specific objectives of determining its impact on share price and Tobin’s Q. To achieve this, panel data is applied with the use of descriptive, correlational and explanatory research design. The study hypothesised two research hypotheses and generalised least square regression is used in analysing the collected data that were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of eight listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria for the period 2006-2019. Share price and Tobin’s Q were used as proxies for value of firm. The study found that cash conversion cycle has a negative and significant impact on the value of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. In view of this finding, the study recommended, among others, that the cash conversion cycle should be reduced as reasonably possible below 365 days when the economic condition is good and vice versa when the economic situation is hard as this will enhance the value positively. It is further recommended that the individual components of cash conversion cycle, such as inventory, receivables and payables, be studied individually as net off effect exist using cash conversion cycle.

JEL Classification: G31, G32
Design and test of wirelessly powered IPMC artificial muscle for aquatic ecosystem health applications
Authors: Safari Yousef , Naghavi Nadia , Malayjerdi Mohsen , Kalani Hadi
Published: January 2022

Aquatic environments and water resources face a variety of risks from numerous sources of pollution. In this paper, we propose a preliminary mechanism for realizing robotic technology practically and cost-effectively for monitoring these pollutions. The presented system is a small robotic fish propelled by a beam of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscle that imitates the motion of a small Scorpis Georgiana fish. One of the superiorities of the proposed model is the IPMC actuation mechanism powered by a battery that is charged wirelessly from a solar panel source. This approach enables us to produce a robotic fish that works ceaselessly without being forced to carry the solar panel load. Moreover, we present a method to control the flapping motion of a robotic fish by taking advantage of a tiny Wi-Fi module that yields more working range, bulky data sending, low power consumption, simple programing, and convenient communication for creating a network with other similar robots. All these beneficial characteristics make the proposed structure a promising candidate for detecting pollution on the surface of aquatic environments and sending/recording necessary data in collaboration with desirable sensors. Theoretical considerations support experimental results reported in the paper.
Addressing the Challenges of Novel Oncology and Hematology Treatments Across Sites of Care: Specialty Pharmacy Solutions
Authors: Wyatt Houston , Zuckerman Autumn D. , Hughes Mitchell E. , Arnall Justin , Miller Ryan
Published: January 2022

Background: The number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for anticancer therapies has significantly increased in recent years, but these novel therapies are costly and present challenges to patients and providers. Many institutions have implemented health systems specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) to help patients and providers navigate financial and logistical barriers to treatment with oral anticancer therapies. Patients on oral anticancer therapy are often treated across multiple sites of care which can complicate the inpatient specialty medication initiation process. Health systems often limit inclusion of oral anticancer therapies for inpatient administration due to costs, however several new therapies necessitate admission for treatment initiation. Health systems are then faced with the challenge of starting costly oral anticancer therapy inpatient and ensuring continued access to therapy upon discharge. We describe the integrated HSSP multidisciplinary approach to this MUP including providers, inpatient and outpatient pharmacists, specialty and inpatient pharmacies, institutional procurement team, and the institutional pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee to streamline this process.

The HSSP multidisciplinary processes addresses a growing need for cancer patients to receive timely and affordable treatments across different sites of care. The healthcare team and P&T committee ensure the patient receives the most appropriate therapy while being conscious of health-system costs. The HSSP and procurement team ensure the patient can obtain and afford the medication. The implemented processes allows for direct communication and collaboration between different sites of care and this collaborative approach leads to optimal patient care.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura associated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Nelson Derrick , Kodsi Marina , Cockrell Dillon , Morgan Jennifer , Key Nigel
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life threatening type of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) caused by a deficiency in ADAMTS13. Here, we describe a case of TTP in association with pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Case report

Our patient was a 68-year-old male who received three cycles of pembrolizumab. Shortly after he developed an acute onset of numbness of the right side of his arm and face, slurred speech, generalized weakness, loss of appetite and shortness of breath. Initial laboratory changes in emergency department revealed hyponatremia, elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, decreased hemoglobin, significant thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. His thrombocytopenia continued to worsen, reaching low levels of 19,000 × 10 9 /L. Given the presence of schistocytes, a PLASMIC score was calculated (5). ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor returned 8% (ref. >80%) and 3% (ref. <0.4%), respectively. The patient passed away.

Management & outcome

He received two 500 mL normal saline boluses and 1 unit of packed red blood cells (pRBC) as well as an extensive imaging workup. On admission, his renal function and platelet counts continued to decline. Given multiple comorbitidies his family opted out of further treatment and the patient ultimately passed away.

Discussion

Pembrolizumab could possibly induce TMA. In this case the abnormal ADAMTS13 activity level makes TTP more likely, though through an unknown mechanism. Although immunotherapies play an important role in the field of oncology, the effects are not entirely cell specific and unwarranted treatment related complications should be considered.
Veliparib for the treatment of solid malignancies
Authors: George Rony R , Thomas Rimisha , Davice Anna , Mathew Meby S
Published: January 2022

Objective

Veliparib is a poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) −1 and −2 inhibitor with chemo-sensitizing and anticancer activities that has shown promising results in early-phase trials. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarise the profile of veliparib and to provide an overview of its early clinical investigations.

Data Sources

Details of all the completed trials evaluating the profile of veliparib were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov with the relevant keywords. Furthermore, databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched using the National Clinical Trial (NCT) number to retrieve publications of results not listed in the trial registry.

Data Summary

A total of 25 completed clinical trials indicating the use of veliparib in solid malignancies were identified. The results showed that veliparib is well tolerated, both as a single agent and in combination with standard chemotherapy doses. Being a broad-spectrum potentiator of DNA-damaging agents and radiation, it has shown to improve the clinical outcomes, particularly in solid tumors like ovarian cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer.

Conclusions

The results from clinical trials indicate that veliparib can be an excellent therapeutic strategy for BRCA mutation associated cancers and tumors bearing deficiencies in the HR pathway as well. Further studies establishing the dosing, sequence of therapy, extended use and compatibility with various anti-cancer drugs are warranted to define its exact role in cancer therapy.
Potential negative pharmacodynamic interaction of spironolactone and abiraterone in two prostate cancer patients
Authors: Vicente-Valor Juan , Escudero-Vilaplana Vicente , Collado-Borrell Roberto , López-López Cristina , Villanueva-Bueno Cristina , Revuelta-Herrero José Luis , Ruiz-Briones Paula , Somoza-Fernández Beatriz , Herranz Ana , Sanjurjo María
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Spironolactone when combined with abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) may theoretically exert androgenic properties, thereby compromising the therapeutic effectiveness of abiraterone.

Case report

Two patients with a medical history of cardiovascular disease and mCRPC combined spironolactone within the course of abiraterone regimen. The abiraterone-spironolactone interaction was identified using the Lexicomp® interaction tool (classified as risk C).

Management & outcome

Spironolactone treatment was maintained as it was considered beneficial due to the cardiac condition. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels started to rise when these two drugs were used together. Eventually, tumour progression was observed.

Discussion

There is increasing evidence that spironolactone behaves as a selective androgen receptor modulator. Strategies to overcome abiraterone-spironolactone interaction could involve the use of eplerenone, although this drug is also controversial. The best strategy should imply a multidisciplinary evaluation by cardiologists and oncologists.
A multicenter retrospective study on 4480 implanted PICC-ports: A GAVeCeLT project
Authors: Bertoglio Sergio , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Brescia Fabrizio , Emoli Alessandro , Fabiani Fabio , Fino Maria , Merlicco Domenico , Musaro Andrea , Orlandi Marina , Parisella Laura , Pinelli Fulvio , Reina Simona , Selmi Valentina , Solari Nicola , Tricarico Fausto , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: January 2022

Background:

PICC-ports may be defined as totally implantable central venous devices inserted in the upper limb using the current state-of-the-art techniques of PICC insertion (ultrasound-guided venipuncture of deep veins of the arm, micro-puncture kits, proper location of the tip preferably by intracavitary ECG), with placement of the reservoir at the middle third of the arm. A previous report on breast cancer patients demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these devices, with a very low failure rate.

Methods:

This retrospective multicenter cohort study—developed by GAVeCeLT (the Italian Group of Long-Term Venous Access Devices)—investigated the outcomes of PICC-ports in a large cohort of unselected patients. The study included 4480 adult patients who underwent PICC-port insertion in five Italian centers, during a period of 60 months. The primary outcome was device failure, defined as any serious adverse event (SAE) requiring removal. The secondary outcome was the incidence of temporary adverse events (TAE) not requiring removal.

Results:

The median follow-up was 15.5 months. Device failure occurred in 52 cases (1.2%), the main causes being local infection ( n = 7; 0.16%) and CRBSI ( n = 19; 0.42%). Symptomatic catheter-related thrombosis occurred in 93 cases (2.1%), but removal was required only in one case (0.02%). Early/immediate and late TAE occurred in 904 cases (20.2%) and in 176 cases (3.9%), respectively.

Conclusions:

PICC-ports are safe venous access devices that should be considered as an alternative option to traditional arm-ports and chest-ports when planning chemotherapy or other long-term intermittent intravenous treatments.
The long history of prevention: Social Defence, security and anticipating future crimes in the era of ‘penal welfarism’
Authors: Heath-Kelly Charlotte , Shanaáh Šádí
Published: January 2022

Using a combination of documentary and archival research methods, this article explores the development of Social Defence criminology across the 19th and 20th centuries—highlighting the influence the ‘new’ Social Defence movement had upon the United Nations' and Council of Europe's international crime policy programmes. By exploring the integration of Social Defence within these international programmes, the article is able to challenge several longstanding arguments in Criminology which associate pre-crime and the securitization of criminal justice with the neoliberal era. Social Defence scholars influenced International Organizations to research and disseminate anticipatory mechanisms to identify and reform potential deviants decades earlier than prominent theses suggest. These measures were steeped in the language of security and were oriented towards the prevention of future juvenile crime. The article argues for a reweighing of the influence of Social Defence criminology and against accounts which draw significant divisions between ‘penal welfarism’ and ‘neoliberal penality’.
Dynamic behaviour of pre-stressed concrete transmission poles under synoptic wind loading
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed M , El Damatty Ashraf A , Aboshosha Haitham
Published: January 2022

A numerical model capable of predicting the dynamic response of pre-stressed concrete transmission poles under both the mean and fluctuating components of synoptic wind loads is developed in this study. A full non-linear dynamic analysis is conducted under a time history variation of wind velocity. The peak total responses, such as conductors’ reactions and poles’ base moments, are determined from this analysis. The same analysis is repeated in a quasi-static manner. Dynamic amplification factors (DAF), defined as the ratio between the maximum response based on a non-linear dynamic analysis and the corresponding value based on a quasi-static analysis, are calculated for the poles and the conductors to quantify the dynamic impact of synoptic wind loads. This factor is used to assess the importance of including the resonant component while estimating the response of the transmission poles. In addition, gust response factors (GRF) defined as the ratio between the peak and mean responses are evaluated and compared to GRF recommended by ASCE-74 (2010). A parametric study is conducted on three pre-stressed concrete transmission line systems. The mean value of the incoming wind speed is the main variable included in the parametric study. It is found that the resonant effect is dominant in the conductors at low wind speeds and the poles exhibit high dynamic response at higher wind speeds.
Performance based design of a new hybrid passive energy dissipation device for vibration control of reinforced concrete frames subjected to broad-ranging earthquake ground excitations
Authors: Addala Mahesh B , Bhalla Suresh , Madan Alok
Published: January 2022

This paper evaluates a new hybrid passive device that comprises two different passive energy dissipation categories, namely, viscoelastic damper and friction damper. The device operates as a synergic unit using a novel locking mechanism. The hybrid passive device offsets the drawbacks of individual devices and facilitates improving the performance of structures for multiple excitation vibration levels due to wind and seismic events. Both devices are connected in a parallel combination using locking mechanisms and exhibit distinct hysteretic characteristics under small and significant deformation. The viscoelastic damper alone will be activated for extreme winds and minor to moderate earthquakes, and both devices will work simultaneously for strong earthquakes. Considering the advantages of such a new device, this article presents a new seismic design method structures equipped with a hybrid passive dampers device using the energy-balance concept. The method accounts for the structural member's inelastic behaviour, phase transformation of the stiffness and the energy dissipation capacity of the energy devices to achieve the intended performance level under the design earthquake hazard. The proposed method has been applied on a six- and a twelve-storied reinforced concrete building. The seismic performance is verified through nonlinear time history analysis using a set of near and far-field ground motions. Numerical results are investigated in terms of the inter-story drifts, the residual drifts, the floor acceleration and the yield mechanisms. The structure's performance corresponds well with the target performance levels.
Numerical and analytical evaluation of stirrup-induced confinement on resistance of RC beams using lower bound limit analysis
Authors: Mohammadiasl Mohammad , Bagherieh Ali R
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a modified three-dimensional element is introduced for limit analysis of RC structures, which considers more aspects of structural behaviour. Using the introduced element, the influence of stirrup confinement on the shear and moment resistance of RC beams is evaluated by lower bound limit analysis. To analyse and solve the relevant optimization problem, the semidefinite programming method, SDP, is employed. The modified Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion is utilized to constrain the concrete stress state. Beams with a constant amount of shear reinforcement per unit length, with different values of stirrup spacing, are studied. It means that they only differed in the effect of confinement induced by stirrup reinforcements. The performance of the proposed element is verified by comparing the results of numerical limit analyses with experimental results. This comparison revealed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed model and the capability of the introduced element to take the effect of stirrup-induced confinements into account. After modelling and investigating the effect of stirrup confinement in load bearing of RC beams, a simplified equation for the design and practical purposes is proposed. Using this equation, the shear resistance of the beams could be modified for different stirrup space choices. The results obtained from this simplified equation are compared with numerical limit analysis and experimental results. The comparisons indicate the reasonable accuracy of the proposed equation.
Are changes in parenting related to the decline in youth drinking? Evidence from a comparison of Sweden and Denmark
Authors: Ramstedt Mats , Raninen Jonas , Larm Peter
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to replicate earlier studies suggesting that changes in parenting have contributed to the recent decline in youth drinking by comparing parenting in a country experiencing a sharp decline in youth drinking (Sweden) with a country with only a small decline (Denmark). Data and analysis: Data stem from self-reported information from 15–16-year-old children in the Swedish and Danish subsamples of ESPAD. Youth drinking was measured by prevalence and frequency of drinking over the past year. Parenting was measured in terms of the extent the child reported that: (1) parents’ attitudes towards offspring drinking are restrictive, (2) parents set up general rules for what their children are allowed to do, and (3) parents have high level of knowledge about where and with whom their children spend time. The association between these indicators of parenting and youth drinking was first estimated with logistic regressions. Second, changes in parenting between 1999 and 2015 were compared between Denmark and Sweden across the study period. Results: Restrictive parental attitudes were associated with a lower likelihood of past-year drinking and frequent drinking in both Sweden and Denmark. This attitude was more common in Sweden, where it also became more prevalent between 2003 and 2015 in contrast to in Denmark. The association between strict parental rule-setting and youth drinking was weak in both countries. A high parental knowledge of the child's whereabouts was linked to a lower likelihood of past-year drinking in Sweden and a lower frequency of drinking in both countries. Parental knowledge of offspring's whereabouts did not develop differently in Sweden and Denmark, with a high and stable proportion in both countries. Conclusion: More restrictive parental attitudes towards youth drinking may have contributed to the decline in youth drinking, whereas the importance of general parental rule-setting and parental knowledge of offspring's whereabouts was not supported.
Development of eClaim system for private indemnity health insurance in South Korea: Compatibility and interoperability
Authors: Bae Sungchul , Yi Byoung-Kee
Published: January 2022

South Korea has the mandatory National Health Insurance (NHI) and supplemental Private Indemnity Health Insurance (PIHI). According to the Financial Supervisory Service, the share of the population with PIHI increased to 66% in 2018 due to the financial burden. However, since the traditional PIHI claim workflow is based on the paper attachment method, it is a big burden to every stakeholder and limits the usability and accessibility of the claims data. To improve the traditional PIHI claim workflow, we developed the electronic claim (eClaim) service for the PIHI in Korea. We also applied the HL7® (Health Level Seven) FHIR® (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) standard to ensure interoperability of the claims data. The proposed eClaim Service has been launched in 2017. It has been increased from 8155 in the first half of 2018 to 114,087 in the second half of 2020. Currently, 60 healthcare providers and 22 payers participated in this service. In this study, we proposed an eClaim workflow and service to improve the legacy system. The proposed method can be helpful to other entities planning for their own health insurance system and also applied to various practical purposes including value-based care, automated claim review, and clinical research.
Effect of friction stir welding tool hardness on wear behaviour in friction stir welding of AA-6060 T66
Authors: Hasieber Michael , Kranz Moritz , Löhn Torsten , Grätzel Michael , Zemlicka Anton , Bergmann Jean P
Published: January 2022

Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process with a wide range of industrial applications in the e-mobility, automotive, aerospace and energy industries. However, friction stir welding is subjected to process-specific challenges, including comparatively high process forces and friction stir welding tool wear resulting from tribological interaction between the tool and workpiece. The geometric-related friction stir welding tool wear can cause varying material flow conditions, lateral path deviations and premature tool failure, with detrimental economic and technological consequences. This study systematically analyses the wear behaviour of friction stir welding tools as a function of tool hardness. To compare and differentiate the geometric-related tool wear as a function of tool hardness, experiments were carried out with a hardness of 240 HV, 410 HV and 580 HV. Whereas 240 HV is non-hardened, 410 HV is 50% of the secondary hardness maximum and 580 HV is the secondary hardness maximum of the tools made of H13 tool steel (hot-working steel, X40CrMoV5-1). During the experimental tests, the shoulder and probe exhibited varying wear and geometrical deviations. The investigations were carried out with a force-controlled robotized welding setup in which AA-6060 T66 sheets with a thickness of 8 mm were joined by weld seams up to a total length of 80 m.
A threat to journalism? How journalists and advertising sales managers in news organizations perceive and cope with native advertising
Authors: Beckert Johannes
Published: January 2022

In the course of digitization, the traditional business model of news organizations has been substantially challenged, making innovative formats necessary to master the business of online news. Native advertising (i.e., sponsored articles) is considered an escape from this dilemma. In adapting to journalistic content, this advertising format is distinct from conventional online advertising and allows advertisers to convey persuasive messages in an unobtrusive manner. However, despite its financial benefits, there are ethical concerns about native advertising, which is inherently and intentionally deceptive to its audience. Moreover, native advertising perforates the normative wall separating journalistic responsibilities from advertisers’ interests. In news organizations, this is reflected in the relationship between journalists and advertising sales managers. The present study therefore explored how individuals in these two roles differ in their perceptions of risks and opportunities related to native advertising and in how they cope with ethical concerns. Exploring the power relations between journalists and sales managers in collaborations on native advertising, this study also sheds light on potential restrictions of journalistic autonomy caused by native advertising.
Making “Un-news”: News aggregation in Chinese press
Authors: Wang Dan , Guo Steve Zhongshi
Published: January 2022

“Un-news” is a Chinese newsroom jargon that refers to the process as well as the product of aggregation. It encapsulates clashes between digital and legacy journalism, challenges posed by and responses to technologies in the media industry. It differs from aggregation news elsewhere because of dynamic media environment in China. This ethnographic study closely analyzes manifestations of “un-news” churned out by digital aggregators who have to work under management of legacy print journalists and editors in a local Chinese press. The hierarchy of influences model is used to decompose the meanings and complexities of “un-news.” Fieldwork observations have confirmed our expectations that the hierarchy model remains structurally valid, although the content and meaning of influence have changed drastically within each level.
Bizarre Cutaneous Ulcers due to Self-Administered Intravenous Dexketoprofen Trometamol
Authors: Akdogan Neslihan , Elcin Gonca , Kiraz Sedat
Published: January 2022

Systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use may result in various cutaneous complications including maculopapular rash, fixed drug eruption, urticaria, and angioedema most frequently. However extensive cutaneous ulcers in relation to intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol use has not been identified before although cutaneous ulcers have been described in association with several opioids. Herein, we would like to present a 27-year-old male with a 1-year history of progressive deep cutaneous ulcers due to long term abusive intravenous use of dexketoprofen trometamol.
Study on Blood Serum Levels of Heavy and Trace Metals in Chronic Non-Healing Wounds
Authors: Dixit Ruhi , Chaudhary Naveen Kumar , Mishra Pradeep Kumar , Srivastava Pradeep , Bhartiya Satyanam Kumar , Pratap Arvind , Basu Somprakas , Shukla Vijay Kumar
Published: January 2022

Wound healing is a complex, highly regulated process that is important in sustaining the skin barrier function. The etiologic relation of specific metals is not adequately described for chronic non-healing wounds. The aim of this study was to estimate heavy and trace metals in chronic non-healing wound and their association with wound healing. The levels of zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium, chromium, cadmium, iron, and lead were estimated in serum of chronic non-healing wound patients using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The tests were carried out in 50 patients with chronic non-healing wound and thirty healthy volunteers as control. The serum levels of elements namely zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium, and chromium were significantly reduced in chronic non-healing wounds ( P < .001) as compared to control. Lead and cadmium levels had shown the significantly increasing trend in chronic non-healing wound cases ( P < .001). The present study demonstrated a significant decrease in serum, levels of selenium, zinc, copper, magnesium, iron, and chromium levels in patients with chronic non-healing wound indicating an association between these elements and wound healing. To summarize the findings of our research, hence trace elements were decreasing in chronic non-healing wound patients suggesting their role in wound healing.
Distinct abilities associated with matching same identity faces versus discriminating different faces: Evidence from individual differences in prosopagnosics and controls
Authors: Berger Amy , Fry Regan , Bobak Anna K , Juliano Angela , DeGutis Joseph
Published: January 2022

Previous face matching studies provide evidence that matching same identity faces (match trials) and discriminating different face identities (non-match trials) rely on distinct processes. For example, instructional studies geared towards improving face matching in applied settings have often found selective improvements in match or non-match trials only. In addition, a small study found that developmental prosopagnosics (DPs) have specific deficits in making match but not non-match judgements. In the current study, we sought to replicate this finding in DPs and examine how individual differences across DPs and controls in match versus non-match performance relate to featural versus holistic processing abilities. In all, 43 DPs and 27 controls matched face images shown from similar front views or with varied lighting or viewpoint. Participants also performed tasks measuring featural (eyes/mouth) and holistic processing (part–whole task). We found that DPs showed worse overall matching performance than controls and that their relative match versus non-match deficit depended on image variation condition, indicating that DPs do not consistently show match- or non-match-specific deficits. When examining the association between holistic and featural processing abilities and match versus non-match trials in the entire group of DPs and controls, we found a very clear dissociation: Match trials significantly correlated with eye processing ability ( r = .48) but not holistic processing ( r = .11), whereas non-match trials significantly correlated with holistic processing ( r = .32) but not eye processing ability ( r = .03). This suggests that matching same identity faces relies more on eye processing while discriminating different faces relies more on holistic processing.
Painful lives: Understanding self-harm amongst care-experienced women in prison
Authors: Fitzpatrick Claire , Hunter Katie , Shaw Julie , Staines Jo
Published: January 2022

Self-harm incidents in custody in England and Wales recently reached a record high, increasing particularly in women’s establishments. This article explores experiences of self-harm by drawing on interviews with care-experienced women in prison in England. Using prior care experience as the underlying thread enables us to explore this topic through a different lens. Considering the functions of self-harm that women described, including the communication, alleviation and ending of pain, highlights the painful lives of those experiencing both state care and control institutions. This reveals that women have often been failed across different systems, sometimes with devastating consequences. Urgent attention must be paid to the system failures affecting those previously deemed by the state to require welfare and protection.
Exploring the Use of Player Load in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Oliva-Lozano José M. , Conte Daniele , Fortes Víctor , Muyor José M.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The aims of this study were to (1) analyze the distribution of the player load (PLTOTAL) in 3 axes of movement (PLAP, anterior-posterior; PLML, medial-lateral; PLV, vertical) during elite soccer matches, (2) investigate the effect of playing position on PL-related variables, and (3) explore the association between PLTOTAL and distance covered by the players.

Hypothesis:

Despite different load distribution between axes of movement, PLTOTAL might be used as a body load indicator for all playing positions.

Study Design:

Longitudinal study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Data were collected from elite soccer players using WIMU Pro tracking systems, which included inertial sensors.

Results:

The axis of movement had a significant effect on the distribution of the load ( P < 0.001; conditional R2 = 0.91), with the greatest contribution from the PLV ( P < 0.001; d = 5.41-5.86). Moreover, no effect of playing position on PLTOTAL, PLV, PLML, or PLAP was observed ( P > 0.05). Finally, a large correlation was found between PLTOTAL and distance covered, and the linear mixed model showed that distance may be predicted by the PLTOTAL (conditional R2 = 0.81; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Differences in load distribution were based on the axis of movement, although playing position had no effect on any variable. The selection of either distance covered, which is representative of a 2-dimensional analysis, or PLTOTAL, which is representative of a 3-dimensional analysis, may be adequate for monitoring locomotor demands or accelerometer-derived load.

Clinical Relevance:

Training strategies that focus on the vertical component of match play should be adopted. In addition, given that PLTOTAL is an accelerometry-based metric, which combines the accelerations in anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and vertical planes, strength and conditioning coaches may use this parameter as a measure of total body load.
Amelioration of DMH-induced colon cancer by eupafolin through the reprogramming of apoptosis-associated p53/Bcl2/Bax signaling in rats
Authors: Wang Congcong , Qiao Xiao , Wang Jingwen , Yang Jia , Yang Chen , Qiao Yi , Guan Yue , Wen Aidong , Jiang Liuqin
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. In this present study, the effects of eupafolin on DMH-induced colon cancer in rats were assessed.

Methods: The acute and sub-acute oral toxicity study in the balb/c mice was performed to evaluate the LD50 dose and the chemotherapeutic doses of eupafolin. The colon cancer was induced in the animals through a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of 30 mg/kg of dimethylhydrazine followed by 2% DSS for 7 days in the drinking water in male Wistar rats. The rats were treated with eupafolin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) through oral route for 18 weeks. The animals were sacrificed and colon tissues were subsequently investigated for aberrant crypt foci (ACF), in vivo antioxidant studies, histology and immunohistochemical analysis, and apoptosis by TUNNEL technique after 18 weeks of eupafolin therapy.

Results: The acute oral toxicity data represented the LD50 dose of eupafolin which was found to be 500 mg/kg body weight. Along with that, the sub-acute toxicity study suggested the chemotherapeutic doses of eupafolin, that is, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Eupafolin therapy inhibits ACF development in rat colon mucosa efficiently. Additionally, eupafolin has improved the colonic lesions and the structural integrity of the colonic mucosa. Eupafolin therapy causes anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione to increase as well. Increased levels of P53, BAX, and PCNA and a simultaneous decrease in Bcl2 and IL-6 expressions show eupafolin therapy successfully regulated these biological markers in colorectal cancer. Eupafolin also induced apoptosis efficiently in the rat colon mucous membrane.

Conclusion: These results show that eupafolin can improve colon cancer by modulating the p53, Bcl2, BAX, and IL-6 pathways in rats.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Basketball Injuries Presenting to Emergency Departments: Sex- and Age-Based Patterns
Authors: Zynda Aaron J. , Wagner K. John , Liu Jie , Chung Jane S. , Miller Shane M. , Wilson Philip L. , Ellis Henry B.
Published: January 2022

Background:

There is limited epidemiologic data on pediatric basketball injuries and the comparison of these injuries before and after adolescence and between male and female athletes.

Purpose:

To assess common sex- and age-based injury patterns in pediatric basketball players.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and participation data from the National Sporting Goods Association were used to complete this study. Data on pediatric basketball injuries between January 2012 and December 2018 in patients aged 7 to 11 years (childhood) and 12 to 17 years (adolescence) were extracted and used to calculate national injury incidence rates with 95% CIs. Sex and age group patterns were examined utilizing Pearson chi-square tests. Z tests were conducted for the comparison of injury rates between female and male athletes in each age group and overall injury rate across age groups.

Results:

An average of 9582 basketball injuries were reported annually in the NEISS, which calculated to an annual national estimate of 294,920 injuries. The most common diagnoses were ankle strain/sprain (17.7%), finger strain/sprain/fracture (12.1%), concussion/head injury (9.4%), knee strain/sprain (4.5%), and facial laceration (3.3%). There was a significant increase in injury prevalence in adolescents (12- to 17-year-old category: 238,678 injuries per year) when compared with childhood (7- to 11-year-old category: 56,242 injuries per year) ( P < .0001). Concussions/head injuries occurred at a high rate in childhood, second only to finger strain/sprain/fracture, and at a similar rate in females and males (injuries per 100,000 athlete-days: 4.9 [95% CI, 3.1-6.7] vs. 5.9 [4.3-7.5], respectively; P = .41). From childhood to adolescence, injury prevalence increased for all areas and across both sexes, except for female finger strain/sprain/fracture; however, the rate of increase for concussion/head injuries and knee injuries was significantly higher in female compared with male athletes ( P < .0001 for both). In adolescents, ankle injuries were the most common injury overall.

Conclusion:

Ankle injuries continue to be the most predominant pediatric basketball injury. However, disproportionate rates of both knee and concussion/head injuries in female athletes during adolescent basketball are of concern and have implications for injury prevention.
Perioperative Pain Management Practices Vary Across Time and Setting for Pediatric ACL Reconstruction: Trends From a National Database in the United States
Authors: Markiewitz Nathan D. , Swarup Ishaan , Talwar Divya , Muhly Wallis T. , Wells Lawrence , Williams Brendan A.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Surgical and anesthetic techniques have enabled a shift to the ambulatory setting for the majority of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. While this change likely reflects improvements in acute pain management, little is known about national trends in pediatric perioperative pain management after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose:

To describe recent trends in the United States in perioperative pain management for pediatric ACLR.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Pediatric patients (age, ≤18 years) who underwent ACLR with peripheral nerve blocks between January 2008 and December 2017 were identified in the Pediatric Health Information System database. We modeled the use of oral and intravenous analgesic medications over time using Bayesian logistic mixed models. Models were adjusted for patient age, sex, race, primary payer, and treatment setting (ambulatory, observation, or inpatient).

Results:

The study criteria produced a sample of 18,605 patients. Older children were more likely to receive intravenous acetaminophen, intravenous ketorolac, and oral and intravenous opioids. Younger children were more likely to receive ibuprofen. In our adjusted logistic model, treatment setting was found to be an independent predictor of the utilization of all medications. We found an increase in the overall utilization of oral acetaminophen (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04-1.23]), intravenous acetaminophen (adj OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.22-1.65]), and oral opioids (adj OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.06-1.28]) over the study period at a typical hospital. We found significant heterogeneity in medication use across hospitals, with the most heterogeneity in intravenous acetaminophen. Other studied descriptive variables did not appear to predict practices.

Conclusion:

After adjusting for patient characteristics and treatment settings, pain management strategies varied among hospitals and over time. Patient age and treatment setting predicted practices. Regional anesthesia, opioid medications, and intravenous ketorolac remained the mainstays of treatment, while intravenous acetaminophen emerged in use over the course of the study period. The variability in the pain management of pediatric patients undergoing ACLR suggests that further study is necessary to establish the most effective means of perioperative pain management in these patients.
(Dis)Connected: Establishing Social Presence and Intimacy in Teacher–Student Relationships During Emergency Remote Learning
Authors: Tackie Hilary N.
Published: January 2022

In the effort to “flatten the curve” of the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers were required to adapt their curricula, pedagogy, and relationships with their students to remote learning structures. Using data gathered through an online qualitative survey of over 800 Chicago teachers in July 2020, this article will examine the ways that the shift to remote learning challenged teachers’ relationships with their students during the spring of 2020. By utilizing social presence theory and considering the significance of emotional connection in teacher-student relationships, the study captures some of the relational challenges that teachers experienced during the initial months of remote instruction. The study identifies increased individualization, deeper holistic understandings of students, and a diversity of mechanisms of engagement as pedagogical techniques that allowed teachers to maintain and even improve their relationships with students.
Politicizing disaster governance: Can a board game stimulate discussions around disasters as matters of concern?
Authors: Mertens Kewan , Bwambale Bosco , Delima Gina
Published: January 2022

The disaster risk reduction (DRR) community tends to treat disasters and risks in a managerial and technocratic way, thereby disregarding the highly political nature of DRR. An alternative epistemology of disasters, as “matters of concern”, is proposed and tested. Mobilizing concepts from Chantal Mouffe and Bruno Latour, this paper illustrates how DRR can be transformed into a public issue. It is argued that education and policymaking on DRR would benefit from a recognition of the hybrid nature of disasters. A serious game is used to investigate proposed epistemology. The board game simulates political decision-making on the reduction of risks due to floods and landslides in South-West Uganda. It is hypothesized that the game can generate an ideal speech scenario that fosters discussions among players and possibly even creates a space of political confrontation. Discussions during ten gameplays have been recorded, transcribed and analyzed (1) to understand how the dominant epistemology facilitates an apolitical approach to disasters and (2) to understand the process of politicization and de-politicization brought about when playing the board game in order to derive recommendations for future tools to facilitate a political appreciation of disasters. Our results indicate that participants effectively experience affects, power relations and confrontations during the game, but that a call for consensus and technical solutions is used by the players to close the discussions and move on with concrete solutions. Insights from this paper contribute to understanding why DRR is frequently treated as a technical issue in local and international disaster governance. Epistemology and approaches proposed in this paper are expected to stimulate innovative experiments towards a more political approach to DRR education and policy.