bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Gastric Fundal Varices Caused by Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Shen Miles , Vaidya Sarangdev , Okoronkwo Nneoma , Alder Edward , Ahlawat Sushil
Published: December 2019

A 59-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, recently diagnosed from a renal biopsy, presented to the emergency department with melena, dizziness, and epigastric pain. He was tachycardic and had a hemoglobin level of 6.4 g/dL. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed isolated gastric fundal varices with stigmata and no esophageal varices. Abdominal ultrasound with Doppler showed a normal-appearing liver, patent splenic vein and hepatic vasculature, and no splenic vein thrombosis. He was managed supportively and discharged. A positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan for staging later revealed extensive neoplastic involvement of the pancreas, gastrohepatic ligament, celiac trunk, and perigastric and splenic hilar regions.
Growth Inhibitory Property of Pentagamavunone-0 (PGV-0) on 4T1 Cells under Stress Condition : 2D and 3D Culture Model
Authors: Muflikhasari Haruma Anggraini , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Susidarti Ratna Asmah , Meiyanto Edy
Published: December 2019

Pentagamavunone-0 (PGV-0), one of the curcumin analogue, is reported to have a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cells. This study aimed to explore the growth inhibitory effects of PGV-0 against highly-metastatic breast cancer, 4T1 cells under stress condition covering 2D and 3D speroid cytotoxic, anti-migration, and suppression of MMP-9. PGV-0 showed cytotoxic effects on 2D and 3D 4T1 cells with IC50value of 49 μM and 26 μM, respectively. In addition, PGV-0 performed anti-migratory effect. The single treatment at 25 μM PGV-0 and 50 μM showed inhibitory effect on cell migration by 54% and 51% respectively. whilst, the combination of PGV-0 at the concentration of 25 μM and 50 μM with doxorubicin significantly inhibited cell migration by 41% and 38%,  respectively. The gelatin zymography assay showed that PGV-0 decreased MMP-9 expression both in a single treatment and in combination with doxorubicin. In conclusion,  PGV-0 is potential to be developed as anti-tumorigenesis agent on highly-metastatic breast cancers.Keywords: Pentagamavunone-0 (PGV-0), anti-migration, MMP-9, 4T1 cells, spheroid
Agama dan Pernikahan Pasangan Beda Agama di Sendangmulyo Semarang
Authors: Fatimah Irma Putri , Amirudin Amirudin , Lathifah Af'idatul
Published: December 2019

Marriage is the dream of every couple, where marriage is one of the highest forms of commitment in every individual relationship that makes love. In practice marriage is the dream of every couple to continue to be together to build a household. However, the couple's desire now becomes complicated when the marriage is difficult because of different religious beliefs. The difficulty of the legality of interfaith marriages in Indonesia becomes a polemic of interfaith couples in carrying out their marriage legally in the state or religion or even opposition faced with the family. Given this interfaith marriage today is still intensively carried out even though in practice it is difficult to implement and many problems will arise in the future. Indonesia is indeed known as a multicultural nation where differences in culture and religion are inevitable, one of which is the phenomenon of interfaith marriages now that Indonesia has five legitimate religions and streams of belief that are still developing in modern society. The state agency appointed to legalize the holy marriage is still a long-standing polemic for some couples who want to formalize their marriage. However, because they want to keep each of their beliefs, the state fully regulates marriages that require couples to marry with the same beliefs and religions, whereas in practice citizens are free to make their own choices and have the right to be happy in determining their life choices, including in terms of marriage and determining their life partners each
Manajemen Berbasis Komunitas untuk Pengembangan Kota Lama Semarang Berwawasan World Heritage
Authors: Yuliati Dewi , Susilowati Endang , Suliyati Titiek
Published: December 2019

This article contains the discussion on Semarang community based management to endorse the development of the Site of Semarang Old City which has been already proposed to UNESCO to obtain the world heritage status. One of the UNESCO requirements for obtaining the world heritage status is community involvement in conservation and developing the cultural heritage, so this study is focusing on the involvement of the Old City communities in the developing of Semarang Old City cultural heritages toward the world heritage status. The communities involved are namely: AMBO (Asosiasi Masyarakat Bangun Oudestad), Oen Semarang Foundation, Monod Diephuis, dan KPS (Komunitas Pegiat Sejarah). The result of this research shows that these communities have the great involvements in developing Semarang Old City to welcome its status as a world heritage.
Perjuangan Masyarakat Adat untuk Keadilan Ekologis di Teluk Benoa, Bali
Authors: Subekti Slamet
Published: December 2019

Environmental tragedy overshadows efforts to seize coastal space (Coastal and Ocean Grabbing) in part from 1,373 ha. for the Benoa Bay reclamation project in South Bali. So far, Benoa Bay has become a livelihood for fishermen and marine tourism practitioners. This water area with intertidal tides allows flushing to maintain sea water quality, in addition to the 100 ha of “Ngurah Rai” mangrove forest. which regulates hydro-orology around Denpasar. Public reasoning was disturbed when the investors of PT TWBI facilitated by the State through the Presidential Regulation, the Ministerial Decree KP and the Bali Governor's Decree planned to build 12 islands by sinking over 700 ha of water. for established hotels, villas, offices, educational facilities, sports complexes, trade, botanical gardens, apartments and floating villas. The controversy took place when the results of an AMDAL study from LPPM Udayana University stated that the Benoa Bay area was not socio-culturally suitable for reclamation, but investors sought to continue the reclamation by cooperating with a number of universities from outside Bali to conduct a comparative AMDAL study. Responding to the plan, the indigenous people through Paruman Pakraman stated their attitude to reject the reclamation of Benoa Bay by considering environmental sustainability and the preservation of customary-cultural areas. The reclamation issue of Benoa Bay in its development has not only been an environmental issue, but has penetrated into the realm of local politics. When the Bali Pilgub, Denpasar Pilwakot and Badung Pilbup and even the election of Bandesa (traditional village officials) conditioned all candidates to make an integrity pact rejecting the reclamation of Benoa Bay, including candidates who had been known to be pro-reclamation. After twice (2014-2018) the location permit was declared not meeting the AMDAL study, now investors have obtained a new permit (2018-2020) from the KKP to continue the struggle over the Benoa Bay living space. The ForBALI movement, which is the mandate of Pasubayan Pakraman, is preparing a new round of struggle for environmental justice in Benoa Bay. ForBALI's agenda going forward, first: push the results of the AMDAL study to be socio-culturally inappropriate. Second, submit a review of Perpres No. 51/2014 which is the "culprit" of the Benoa Bay reclamation discourse. Third, encourage the cancellation of Perpres No. 51/2014 to end the Benoa Bay reclamation polemic.
Studi Niat Pelaporan Pelanggaran: Tinjauan Literatur Dalam Prilaku Organisasi Mengenai Moral dan Rasa Takut Karyawan Akan Pembalasan
Authors: Aransyah Muhammad Fikry , Hetami Adietya Arie , Ramba Putry Satriani
Published: December 2019

Studi ini mempelajari dan meringkas literatur yang mengulas pengaduan. Penelitian ini mencari  informasi rinci dan data empiris mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi studi intensi pengaduan dalam tinjauan literatur. Menerapkan Model Intensitas Moral yang diperkenalkan oleh Jones (1991), penelitian ini melihat bagaimana besarnya konsekuensi, konsensus sosial, dan kedekatan mempengaruhi intensi pengaduan. Selain itu, ketakutan akan pembalasan adalah variabel tambahan untuk memperpanjang studi berdasarkan Model Intensitas Moral. Prediktor pertama adalah besarnya konsekuensi. Studi yang berkaitan dengan prediktor ini memeriksa bahaya atau manfaat yang dilakukan pada korban atau penerima manfaat dari tindakan moral yang dimaksud. Studi yang terkait dengan prediktor kedua, konsensus sosial, memeriksa Tingkat persetujuan sosial bahwa tindakan yang diusulkan itu jahat atau baik. Prediktor ketiga adalah kedekatan. Studi-studi dalam bidang ini berfokus pada perasaan kedekatan (sosial, budaya, psikologis, atau fisik) yang dimiliki agen moral bagi para korban kejahatan yang dipertanyakan. Studi yang terkait dengan prediktor akhir, takut akan pembalasan, memeriksa sebagai tindakan yang tidak diinginkan terhadap pelapor yang disebabkan oleh pelapor internal atau eksternal. Untuk setiap prediktor, penulis pertama-tama meringkas dan menganalisis temuan penelitian sebelumnya dan kemudian mengajukan saran untuk penelitian pengaduan di masa depan.
Potret Aktivitas Makan dalam Leksikon Jawa dan Nilai Filosofi
Authors: Suryadi M.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to prove that there is a relationship between eating activities and the behavior of coastal Javanese in Semarang City. This correlation study involves the relationship of the form of the lexicon to the concept of the lexicon and the value of Javanese philosophy. Research Location in the Central Java Coastal Region, a locus of research in the city of Semarang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods used were observation, documentation, and active participation through in-depth interviews. The analytical method used is the lexicon mapping based on the form of unit - cultural values - references. The consideration used to map the lexicon is the cultural value in Javanese tradition. The theory used is the reconstruction of the lexicon in the meaning group of eating activities. The findings of the study are the self-identity of the eating activity lexicon has a correlation with Javanese human behavior, especially in socializing with the community. The lexicon of eating activity, preserving the values of Javanese culture in contact with politeness.
Character in Kant’s Moral Psychology: Responding to the Situationist Challenge
Authors: Frierson Patrick
Published: December 2019

In recent years, several philosophers have used “situationist” findings in social psychology to criticize character-based ethical theories. After showing how these criticisms apply, prima facie, to Kant’s moral theory, I lay out a Kantian response to them. Kant admits the empirical reality of situation-dependence in human actions but articulates a conception of “ought implies can” that vindicates his character-based moral theory in the face of rarity of character. Moreover, he provides an interpretive framework for the situation-dependence of human motivation in terms of humans’ “propensity to evil.” He also provides a framework for highlighting empirical bases for moral hope, a framework that makes it possible to see lack of character as something human beings can overcome. And he outlines a “moral anthropology” that develops something akin to what Mark Alfano calls “moral technologies,” but in Kant’s case, these technologies focus on cultivating character as such rather than merely good behavioral outcomes.
Modern noninvasive methods for monitoring glucose levels in patients: a review
Authors: Dziergowska Katarzyna , Łabowska Magdalena Beata , Gąsior-Głogowska Marlena , Kmiecik Barbara , Detyna Jerzy
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the current state of the art of noninvasive glucose monitoring. In recent years, we can observe constant increase in the incidence of diabetes. About 40% of all performed blood tests apply to the glucose tests. Formerly, this lifestyle disease occurred mainly in rich countries, but now it is becoming more common in poorer countries. It is related to the increase in life expectancy, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and other factors. Untreated diabetes may cause many complications or even death. For this reason, daily control of glucose levels in people with this disorder is very important. Measurements with a traditional glucometer are connected with performing finger punctures several times a day, which is painful and uncomfortable for patients. Therefore, researches on other methods are ongoing. A method that would be fast, noninvasive and cheap could also enable testing the state of the entire population, which is necessary because of the number of people currently living with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Although the first glucometer was made in 1966, the first studies on glucose level measurement in tear film were documented as early as 1937. This shows how much a noninvasive method of diabetes control is needed. Since then, there have been more and more studies on alternative methods of glucose measurement, not only from tear fluid, but also from saliva, sweat, or transdermally.
Substance abuse in adolescents before admission to Peruvian juvenile detention centers: results from a national census in Peru, 2016
Authors: Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Santero Marilina , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M. , Figueroa Wilma
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of drug use before admission to juvenile detention centers (JDC) in Peru and determine individual, family and social influences on behavior.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2016 National Population Census in Juvenile Detention Centers (NPCJDC). A total of 1960 Peruvian adolescent offenders were included. Generalized linear models of the Poisson family with a log link function were used to determine if characteristics before admission to a JDC were associated with drug use. These characteristics included employment, depression, neighborhood gang activity, having friends with a criminal record, a history of multiple admissions to a JDC, a history of running away from home, physical abuse during childhood and family history of drug use and incarceration.

Results

More than half of young offenders reported using drugs before entering a JDC (59%) in Peru. The drug most frequently consumed was cannabis (86.6%), followed by cocaine and/or crack (11.6%), and inhalants and/or pills (1.8%). Smoking cigarettes [prevalence ratios (PR): 1.12, p = 0.003], using alcohol (PR: 1.22, p = 0.003), neighborhood gang activity (PR: 1.28, p < 0.001), having friends with a criminal record (PR: 1.62, p < 0.001), running away from home (PR: 1.20, p < 0.001) and a family history of incarceration (PR: 1.09, p = 0.010) were associated with drug use prior to admission to a JDC.

Conclusion

Drug use before admission to a JDC was high among young offenders in Peru, with marijuana being the drug most frequently used. Having friends with a criminal record and neighborhood gang activity had the greatest association with drug use in young offenders.
Regularization of a sideways problem for a time-fractional diffusion equation with nonlinear source
Authors: Ngoc Tran Bao , Tuan Nguyen Huy , Kirane Mokhtar
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for a time-fractional diffusion equation with a nonlinear source.
We prove that the considered problem is ill-posed, i.e., the solution does not depend continuously on the data.
The problem is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard.
Under some weak a priori assumptions on the sought solution, we propose a new regularization method for stabilizing the ill-posed problem.
We also provide a numerical example to illustrate our results.
Realization of complex conjugate media using non-PT-symmetric photonic crystals
Authors: Cui Xiaohan , Ding Kun , Dong Jian-Wen , Chan C.T.
Published: December 2019

Although parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems can exhibit real spectra in the exact PT-symmetry regime, PT-symmetry is actually not a necessary condition for the real spectra. Here, we show that non-PT-symmetric photonic crystals (PCs) carrying Dirac-like cone dispersions can always exhibit real spectra as long as the average non-Hermiticity strength within the unit cell for the eigenstates is zero. By building a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian model, we find that the real spectra of the non-PT-symmetric system can be explained using the concept of pseudo-Hermiticity. We demonstrate using effective medium theories that, in the long-wavelength limit, such non-PT-symmetric PCs behave like the so-called complex conjugate medium (CCM) whose refractive index is real but whose permittivity and permeability are complex numbers. The real refractive index for this effective CCM is guaranteed by the real spectrum of the PCs, and the complex permittivity and permeability come from non-PT-symmetric loss-gain distributions. We show some interesting phenomena associated with CCM, such as the lasing effect.
Landau quantisation of photonic spin Hall effect in monolayer black phosphorus
Authors: Jia Guangyi , Li Geng , Zhou Yan , Miao Xianglong , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: December 2019

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is a promising candidate for controlling the spin states of photons and exploiting next-generation photonic devices based on spinoptics. Herein, the influences of a perpendicular magnetic field on the PSHE appearing on the surface of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) are investigated. Results reveal that both the in-plane and transverse spin-dependent shifts are quantised and show an oscillating pattern due to the splitting of Landau levels (LLs) induced by the external magnetic field B. And the oscillation period of spin Hall shifts gradually increases with strengthening B because of the increase of LL spacings. By contrast, for a fixed magnetic field, as the LL spacings become smaller and smaller with increasing the LL index, the oscillation period of spin Hall shifts gradually decreases as the photonic energy increases. Moreover, it is possibly due to the synergistic role of intrinsic anisotropy, high crystallinity, and quantisation-incurred localised decreases in beating-like complex conductivities of the BP film, giant spin Hall shifts, hundreds of times of the incident wavelength, are obtained in both transverse and in-plane directions. These unambiguously confirm the strong impact of the external magnetic field on the PSHE and shed important insights into understanding the rich magneto-optical transport properties in anisotropic two-dimensional atomic crystals.
Ultra-strong anisotropic photo-responsivity of bilayer tellurene: a quantum transport and time-domain first principle study
Authors: Gao Siyan , Sun Changqing , Zhang Xi
Published: December 2019

Unlike traditional two-dimensional layered materials, tellurium (Te) shows its one-dimensional van der Waals structure and triggers intensive researches. Through a density functional theory coupled with the nonequilibrium Green’s function calculation, we found that bilayer tellurene has a broad photoelectric response over the range from the visible to the near-infrared region. Besides, bilayer tellurene photodetector presents an ultra-strong anisotropic photo-responsivity and an ultra-high extinction ratio (~2812 at the photon energy of 3.4 eV) because of its non-layer/chain structure, which is superior to the antimonene (~145) and phosphorene/blue phosphorene bilayers (~240). Time-domain first principle study further reveals that the ultra-strong anisotropy comes from the transition of Te 5p bonding orbitals along or perpendicular to the chain directions. With these excellent optoelectronic merits, bilayer tellurene may become a promising candidate for next-generation photoelectronic devices.
Trade and Military Alliances: Evidence from NATO
Authors: Callado-Muñoz Francisco J. , Hromcová Jana , Utrero-González Natalia
Published: December 2019

In this paper we analyse the effect of multilateral defence alliances in arms trade among allies. We postulate that the access to the frontier technology weaponry enabled only to military allies will intensify arms trade. The benefits of such trade are claimed to be in security and technology diffusion. We execute an empirical analysis for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Results show that being a member or partner of NATO significantly increases arm imports coming from the alliance, and that this increase cannot be attributed to economic and additional country characteristics.
Recommendations Pertaining to the Education of Library and Archives Conservators
Authors: Baker Cathleen A.
Published: December 2019

Is it time for the U.S. based art-conservation graduate programs to take dramatic steps in order to better prepare students to enter the field of professional library and archives conservation? Having been in the field as a conservator for almost 50 years, and for about half of that time, carrying out extensive research using a variety of library and archival materials, the author reflects on the current educational situation and makes recommendations to lengthen the course of study by one year and to eliminate the science-courses prerequisite.
Homodyne vector network analysis as a tool for the real-time measurement of electrical material parameter distributions in the field
Authors: Peter Ronny , Fischerauer Gerhard
Published: December 2019

The spatial distribution of electrical material parameters (e. g. permittivity and conductivity) can be a valuable indicator of the state of a chemical process or the condition of the processing system. Unfortunately, there are very few measurement systems that could handle this task in the field at low cost and with small shape factors. A potential solution currently under research for the determination of material parameter distributions is based on electromagnetic resonances inside chemical reactors. In the laboratory, vector network analyzers (VNA) and personal computers are used, which is expensive. This contribution reports on an application-specific stand-alone homodyne VNA with integrated data processing as an effort to transfer the laboratory-proven method to the field. The quality of the approach, validated by comparison with commercial VNAs, is shown to suffice for typical field applications.
Basile de Césarée et sa postérité : la transformation de l’homélie In ebriosos en commentaire sur Isaïe 5,11–12
Authors: Zaganas Dimitrios
Published: December 2019

This article critically re-examines the textual relationship between the Enarratio in prophetam Isaiam attributed to Basil of Caesarea and Basil’s (genuine) homily In ebriosos. It studies how Basil makes use of Isaiah 5:11–12 in his In ebriosos, and shows its degree of resemblance to the Enarratio in Isaiam 5:11–12. Moreover, it refutes the arguments in support of Basil’s authorship of the Enarratio as well as its anteriority and influence on the In ebriosos. The study argues instead that the anonymous author of the Enarratio made use of a certain part of Basil’s In ebriosos in his attempt to fabricate the beginning of his explanation on Isaiah 5:11–12. Finally, the article examines the process of transformation of the homily under discussion into a commentary.
Job and his Wife as Exemplary Figures in the Preaching of John Chrysostom
Authors: Finn Douglas
Published: December 2019

This article surveys John Chrysostom’s preaching on the biblical figures of Job and his wife. Chrysostom’s exegesis is situated into two contexts: (1) his related interpretation of Adam and Eve in Genesis, and (2) his theology of adaptable divine pedagogy and practice of medico-philosophical psychagogy. This twofold contextualization enables us to see how Chrysostom deploys these figures in his preaching as a means of re-ordering gendered marital relationships within the late antique Christian household and cultivating an attentiveness to the methods of divine pedagogy. In the final section of the essay, we highlight two spheres of domestic activity in particular—mealtime and grieving—over which Chrysostom seeks to gain control through the ritualized internalization of the examples of Job and his wife.
Computational and Experimental Study onthe Adsorption and Inhibition Effects of 1,3-Benzothiazol-6-ol on the Corrosion ofSteel X80 in Acidic Solution
Authors: Danaee Iman , Nikparsa Paria , Khosravi-Nikou Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2019

In this work, the adsorption and inhibition behavior of 1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol were investigated by computational and experimental techniques for steel X80 corrosion in acidic solution. The density functional theory was carried out and quantum chemical factors like the energy gap, energy of highest occupied molecular orbital, the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the fraction of electron transferred, and Mulliken charges have been calculated. In addition, according to quantum calculation, S atom in 1,3-benzothiazol-6-ol indicated more tendency for electrophilic attack in adsorption. The main reason for high inhibition efficiencies in very low concentrations is the planar and simplicity of inhibitor structure which leads to increasing the efficiency of adsorption by functional group especially sulfur. Electrochemical frequency modulation and potentiodynamic polarization indicated that this material has excellent inhibiting features in very low concentrations. The influence of DC trend on the explanation of electrochemical noise data was evaluated by polynomial fitting and the optimum polynomial order m = 5 was obtained. Noise resistance and the inhibition efficiency was calculated and compared in different methods. The theory of shot noise in frequency domain was used to obtain the electrochemical event charge. The corroded surface of steel in the absence and existence of thiazole compound was studied by Atomic force microscopy.
Effects of Training Health Workers in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness on Quality of Care for Under-5 Children in Primary Healthcare Facilities in Afghanistan
Authors: Tawfiq Essa , Alawi Sayed Ali Shah , Natiq Kayhan
Published: December 2019

Background: Training courses in integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) have been conducted for health workers for nearly one and half decades in Afghanistan. The objective of the training courses is to improve quality of care in terms of health workers communication skills and clinical performance when they provide health services for under-5 children in public healthcare facilities. This paper presents our findings on the effects of IMCI training courses on quality of care in public primary healthcare facilities in Afghanistan. Methods: We used a cross-sectional post-intervention design with regression-adjusted difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis, and included 2 groups of health workers (treatment and control). The treatment group were those who have received training in IMCI recently (in the last 12 months), and the control group were those who have never received training in IMCI. The assessment method was direct observation of health workers during patient-provider interaction. We used data, collected over a period of 3 years (2015–2017) from primary healthcare facilities, and investigated training effects on quality of care. The outcome variables were 4 indices of quality care related to history taking, information sharing, counseling/medical advice, and physical examination. Each index was formed as a composite score, composed of several inter-related tasks of quality of care carried out by health workers during patient-provider interaction for under-5 children. Results: Data were collected from 733 primary healthcare facilities with 5818 patients. Quality of care was assessed at the level of patient-provider interaction. Findings from the regression-adjusted DiD multivariate analysis showed significant effects of IMCI training on 2 indices of quality care in 2016, and on 4 indices of quality care in 2017. In 2016 two indices of quality care showed improvement. There was an increase of 8.1% in counseling/medical advice index, and 8.7% in physical examination index. In 2017, there was an increase of 5.7% in history taking index, 8.0% in information sharing index, 10.9% in counseling/medical advice index, and 17.2% in physical examination index. Conclusion: Conducting regular IMCI training courses for health workers can improve quality of care for under-5 children in primary healthcare facilities in Afghanistan. Findings from our study have the potential to influence policy and strategic decisions on IMCI programs in developing countries.
Our Blind Spots in the Fight Against Health Systems Corruption Comment on "We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems"
Authors: Huss Reinhard
Published: December 2019

The health sector often appears prominent in surveys of perceived corruption, because citizens experience the symptoms of systemic corruption most distressingly during their interaction with frontline health workers. However, the underlying drivers of systemic corruption in society may be located in other social systems with the health system demonstrating the symptoms but not the path how to exit the situation. We need to understand the mechanisms of systemic corruption including the role of corrupt national and international leaders, the role of transnational corporations and international financial flows. We require a corruption definition which goes beyond an exclusive focus on the corrupt individual and considers social systems and organisations facilitating corruption. Finally there is an urgent need to address the serious lack of funding and research in the area of systemic corruption, because it undermines the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in many low income countries with the most deprived populations.
It Won’t Be Easy: How to Make Universal Pharmacare Work in Canada
Authors: Lewis Steven
Published: December 2019

One of the glaring gaps in Canada’s universal healthcare system is the low level of public financing of prescription drugs - 42.7% of total spending in 2018. At the federal level there is renewed interest in moving towards universal coverage, supported by a recently commissioned report on how to achieve it. It will take superb political navigation to extract Canadian pharmaceutical policy and practice from the grasp of interests that profit handsomely from the status quo. This perspective suggests the conditions under which a genuinely fair, effective, and efficient pharmacare plan can emerge.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite, the Diode Laser and Saline in Reducing the Microbial Count in Primary Teeth Root Canals – An In Vivo Study
Authors: Walia Vidhi , Goswami Mousumi , Mishra Shivesh , Walia Nidhi , Sahay Divya
Published: December 2019

Introduction: One of the primary goals of pulpectomy is to decrease the sum total of microorganisms and disinfect the tooth root canal system. To achieve this, mechanical preparation, irrigation, disinfection and obturation of the root canal is necessary. The present study was set out to evaluate the difference in the antibacterial efficacy of primary teeth root canals either irrigated with chlorhexidine, saline, and sodium hypochlorite or irradiated with a soft tissue diode laser (980 nm, Photon Plus, Zolar Tech & Mfg Co. Inc, Ontario, Canada). Methods: Sixty primary teeth of children requiring pulpectomy were divided into 4 groups of 15 each, group 1 (2% chlorhexidine), group 2 (1% sodium hypochlorite), group 3 (laser irradiation) and group 4 (saline). Pulp tissue was extirpated from the canals and the samples were collected using sterile absorbent paper points. After cleaning and shaping, the root canals of the teeth in each group were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and saline or were irradiated with the laser. The samples were obtained again and sent for microbiological examination. Results: The colony-forming unit (CFU) counts from pre-disinfection sample served as a baseline for comparisons throughout the study. The mean bacterial colony counts of all the isolated bacteria reduced after irrigation or irradiation. Intergroup comparisons showed no significant difference when groups 1, 2, and 3 were compared to each other (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was seen when groups 1, 2, 3 were compared to group 4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and laser irradiation succeeded in reducing the root canal infection. Hence, diode laser irradiation may be a possible supplement to existing protocols for disinfecting the root canal system.
Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Paresthesia After Surgical Exeresis of a Complex Odontoma
Authors: Girão Evangelista Ícaro , Pontes Tabosa Fernando Bruno , Bezerra Ariel Valente , de Araújo Neto Jr Eliziário Vitoriano
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Orofacial paresthesia is due to trauma to the neural structure of a particular nerve. In dentistry alterations caused by nerve damage in most cases are presented with transient symptomatology. However, it has been agreed by several authors that persistent inferior alveolar sensory aberrations for more than 6 months leave some degree of disability or are considered permanent. The objective of the present study is to report the clinical case of a young patient submitted to low-level laser therapy for the treatment of paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve after removal of a complex odontoma in the posterior region of the mandible. Methods: Twenty-four hours after the surgical procedure the patient started the low-level laser therapy with the following parameters: 100 mW of potency, 140 J/cm² of energy density, 4 J of energy per application point, 40 seconds of application per point and 0.028 cm² of spot area. For this particular case, the technique of alternation of laser wavelengths was used, in the first session of which visible red of 660 nm was applied, followed by near-infrared of 808 nm and so on. Results: In the first session, the score on the visual analog scale (VAS) was "3". In the tenth and last sessions, the patient reported a VAS "9". Conclusions: It seems that the early initiation of the low-level laser therapy favors a better outcome in cases like the one presented in this paper. The technique of alternation of laser wavelengths between sessions seems to have some role in the outcome possibly because of the constant stimulation of different chromophores along the treatment course. These two factors need further confirmation and validation through randomized clinical trials.
Research into Dendro-Acoustic Properties of Intro-duced Clones’ Wood as Material for Manufacturing Musical Instruments
Authors: Fedyukov Vladimir Ilyich , Saldaeva Ekaterina Yurevna , Chernova Maria Sergeyevna , Chernov Vasilii Yuryevich
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Studies of the physical-mechanical and acoustic properties of maple wood as a potential material for musical instruments manufacturing are extremely scarce. Related to this, dendro-acoustic studies of maples introduced by geographic origin are of great practical importance in order to create target plantations with predicted technical quality of wood.
Materials and Methods: Maples from abroad introduced by geographic origin into the Botanical Garden of the Volga State University of Technology of the Republic of Mari El of Russia were used for the research. For comparison, the Norway maple of local origin ( Acer platanoides L.) was selected. The studies were carried out by the frequency-amplitude method for determining Young's dynamic modulus and the acoustic constant of sound emission according to the criterion of academician N. Andreyev.
Results: It was revealed that there are differences in the density and dendroacoustic indices of maple wood of local origin and maple trees introduced by geographic origin. Norway maple ( Acer platanoides L.) turned out to possess the largest acoustic constant characterizing the resonant properties of wood. Introduced maple trees, plane-tree maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharinum L.) are only slightly inferior in terms of this indicator.
Conclusions: The dendroacoustic properties of maple wood are generally much lower than that of resonant spruce. Consequently, the acoustic role of maple wood in the back plates of the violin and other string instruments is completely different than that of the top plate made from the resonant material of coniferous species. To reveal this difference in more detail, comparative studies and dendroacoustic identification of maple wood in blanks and musical instruments with different levels of acoustic characteristics are necessary.
Timing of Morphine Administration Differentially Alters Paraventricular Thalamic Neuron Activity
Authors: McDevitt Dillon S. , Graziane Nicholas M.
Published: December 2019

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) is a brain region involved in regulating arousal, goal-oriented behaviors, and drug seeking, all key factors playing a role in substance use disorder. Given this, we investigated the temporal effects of administering morphine, an opioid with strongly addictive properties, on PVT neuronal function in mice using acute brain slices. Here, we show that morphine administration and electrophysiological recordings that occur during periods of animal inactivity (light cycle) elicit increases in PVT neuronal function during a 24-h abstinence time point. Furthermore, we show that morphine-induced increases in PVT neuronal activity at 24-h abstinence are occluded when morphine administration and recordings are performed during an animals’ active state (dark cycle). Based on our electrophysiological results combined with previous findings demonstrating that PVT neuronal activity regulates drug-seeking behaviors, we investigated whether timing morphine administration with periods of vigilance (dark cycle) would decrease drug-seeking behaviors in an animal model of substance use disorder. We found that context-induced morphine-seeking behaviors were intact regardless of the time morphine was administered (e.g., light cycle or dark cycle). Our electrophysiological results suggest that timing morphine with various states of arousal may impact the firing of PVT neurons during abstinence. Although, this may not impact context-induced drug-seeking behaviors.
TRIM21‐mediated proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1 regulates its antiviral activity
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Huan Chen , Wang Hong , Liu Yue , Liu Xin , Su Xing , Yu Jinghua , Zhao Zhilei , Yu Xiao‐Fang , Zheng Baisong , Zhang Wenyan
Published: December 2019

SAMHD1 possesses multiple functions, but whether cellular factors regulate SAMHD1 expression or its function remains not well characterized. Here, by investigating why cultured RD and HEK293T cells show different sensitivity to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 is a restriction factor for EV71. Importantly, we identify TRIM21, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a key regulator of SAMHD1, which specifically interacts and degrades SAMHD1 through the proteasomal pathway. However, TRIM21 has no effect on EV71 replication itself. Moreover, we prove that interferon production stimulated by EV71 infection induces increased TRIM21 and SAMHD1 expression, whereas increasing TRIM21 overrides SAMHD1 inhibition of EV71 in cells and in a neonatal mouse model. TRIM21‐mediated degradation of SAMHD1 also affects SAMHD1‐dependent restriction of HIV‐1 and the regulation of interferon production. We further identify the functional domains in TRIM21 required for SAMHD1 binding and the ubiquitination site K622 in SAMHD1 and show that phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 also blocks EV71 restriction. Our findings illuminate how EV71 overcomes SAMHD1 inhibition via the upregulation of TRIM21.
Analysis of Lesson Plan, Learning Process, Teacher Competence Based on The Indonesian Economics
Authors: Hairunisya Nanis
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyze the lesson plan, learning process, and teacher competence based on the Indonesian economics, to develop the subject of economic learning. The object of this research is located in 6 (six) cities/regencies in East Java namely Bondowoso, Pamekasan and Trenggalek, Madiun, Blitar and Kediri in 2016. The research method used is qualitative method. The results showed that none of the lesson plan component belonged to the category of excellent quality. Lesson plan is more functioned as the fulfillment of administrative requirements, rather than as a guide in the implementation of learning. The learning process is implemented good, the assessment of learning process is basically closely related to the results of the assessment of the competence of teachers conducted on input evaluation. The quality of learning is influenced by the condition of students, schools that have students with high passion and high motivation to learn, the implementation of learning will be conducive. Another thing is the lack of material presented by the teacher on the core activities of learning. The teacher often reveals a less precise conceptabout economic theory, as well as the disclosure of events or economic numerical data, teachers are less trying to extract material from economic books to enrich learning materials.
Student Mobility in The Rising Peripheries
Authors: Theo Rika
Published: December 2019

This research aims to investigate the different pattern of Chinese Indonesian student mobility following three main political sequences defined by not only different period but also the dominant mode of each time. The object of this research is Chinese Indonesian student. Using historical comparative analysis, this paper explores and compares the historical trajectory of transnational mobility of Indonesian students to China. In every sequence, the particularÂ mobility patternÂ of Chinese-Indonesian students will be analyzed in relation to national politics within certain bilateral and global framework. Drawing on the comparative historical analysis, this research explores how a specific sequence affects specific student mobility between Indonesia and China. The analyses go further to investigate the continuity between sequences, the linkages between the past mobility to a contemporary one. Building on these analyses, this research argues that nation-states policies and trans-state relation that develop overtime play a significant role in defining Indonesian student mobility to China.
Validation in the Development of Cost Accounting Practicum Module of Guided Discovery Methods
Authors: Susanti Nora , Ramayani Citra , Yulhendri Yulhendri , Evanita Susi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to validate the development of cost accounting practice modules so that they are more effectively used by students in the learning process. This type of research is descriptive research that will describe the validation process from module development to finding results about module validity that has been compiled. The source of research data was obtained from module validation sheets which were assessed based on each indicator by two experts. Data analysis techniques were carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Data from the module validation sheet were analyzed quantitatively, and then descriptive techniques were used to draw qualitative conclusions. The results of the study indicated that the modules that have been designed were eligible to be used in the learning process of cost accounting practice courses at STKIP PGRI West Sumatra. These results were based on the results of material validation with an assessment of four indicators, namely the suitability of the material with competency standards, the accuracy of the material, supporting learning material and material updating with an average score of 3.2 by each expert. Expert advice for module improvement before practicing practice is that it is necessary to add information in the example of problem calculation and improvement in language writing.
The Implementation of Archive Learning Based on the Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Septianingrum Ayunda Dwi , Indartono Setyabudi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the extent to which the application of archive learning based on the Kurikulum 2013 conducted by XII students in Office Administration at the SMK Negeri 1 Tepus. This is a evaluative study in which the methods used are Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP). Data collection is obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis using interactive analysis by Miles and Huberman consists of data collection, data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and conclusions (conclusions / verification). The results of the study indicate that the implementation of archive learning is considered, starting with preparing syllabus and lesson plans (RPP) so that they can be implemented in the classroom starting from Opening Activities, Core Activities, and Closing Activities. However, in real practice, these activities are considered to be less in line with the implementation of the Kurikulum 2013 because there have been many obstacles felt by teachers, students, and school infrastructure.
ОСВІТА ЯК ЦІННІСНА ДОМІНАНТА У ВИХОВАННІ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Rusyn Halyna
Published: December 2019

У статті акцентується увага на окремих аспектах формування духовно-культурних цінностей молоді в закладах вищої освіти. Розкрито основні поняття «цінності», «ціннісні орієнтації», «духовно-культурні цінності освіти». Доведено, що саме освіта у вищих навчальних закладах повинна систематизувати та поглибити життєвий досвід молодої людини, оскільки є частиною духовної культури особистості та здійснює вплив на формування моральних цінностей, сприяє подальшому розвитку духовного світу, здібностей і творчого потенціалу.

Автор робить висновок, що становлення духовного світу молоді має вирішальне значення не лише для життя теперішнього покоління, але й усього суспільства загалом, тому особливу увагу слід приділити саме формуванню духовно-культурних цінностей освіти як основи для розвитку всебічно та гармонійно розвиненої особистості.

Таким чином, духовно-культурні цінності освіти дають можливість усвідомити значущість освіти як об’єкта і суб’єкта цивілізаційних змін та трансформацій; сформувати в молоді розуміння необхідності отримання нею «випереджувальної» освіти на засадах духовно-культурних цінностей в умовах зростаючого взаємопроникнення культур і загальнолюдських цінностей.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ОСВІТИ ДОРОСЛИХ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ: ДОСВІД СЛОВАЦЬКОЇ РЕСПУБЛІКИ
Authors: Samoilenko Oksana
Published: December 2019

Сучасний світ постулює тенденцію до неперервності в освіті дорослих, тривалості впродовж життя. Питання освіти дорослих на часі в освітній політиці країн європейської співдружності: вона виступає чинником підвищення якості життя громадян. Україна з її прагненням стати повноправним членом Європейського Союзу потребує вивчення досвіду європейських країн щодо освіти дорослих задля його екстраполяції. Словацька Республіка в цьому контексті може виступити орієнтиром для впровадження реформ у вітчизняну сферу освіти дорослих.

Метою статті є аналіз тенденцій розвитку освіти дорослих на початку ХХІ століття у Словацькій Республіці на тлі європейського досвіду. Методи дослідження: на основі аналізу та систематизації статистичної інформації, нормативно-правових документів, теоретичних напрацювань словацьких науковців здійснено узагальнення тенденцій розвитку освіти дорослих у Словацькій Республіці на початку ХХІ століття.

Виявленні в ході дослідження тенденції розвитку освіти дорослих на початку ХХІ століття показують суспільну затребуваність у адаптації наявного освітнього контенту до модерних викликів сьогодення. Досвід Словацької Республіки підтверджує ефективність євроінтеграційної спрямованості розвитку освіти дорослих у політиці підвищення конкурентоспроможності фахівця на ринку праці.