bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conceptual model of artificial intelligence effects on circular economy actions
Authors: Tutore Ilaria , Parmentola Adele , di Fiore Michele Costagliola , Calza Francesco
Published: May 2024

The circular economy (CE) presents a contemporary approach to integrating economic activity and environmental well‐being sustainably, opposing the linear open‐ended system. However, implementing this paradigm poses challenges, needing a fundamental shift in companies' strategies and business models. Emerging technology can support companies in transition toward CE and in particular artificial intelligence (AI) can play a crucial role in facilitating this transition by supporting companies not only in specific CE activities but also in strategically redefining their entire business models. Recognizing the increasing importance of both AI and CE in management literature, our paper seeks to integrate these two distinct streams of literature. Starting from existing studies, it tries to provide a framework able to understand the role of AI technology into enhancing CE. Through a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis protocol, using keywords research on three databases, we identified 63 articles that concurrently address both CE and AI topics. Subsequent co‐occurrence and content analyses revealed how AI is utilized to bolster CE efforts leveraging the ReSOLVE framework (from the acronymous of Regenerate, Share, Optimise, Loop, Virtualise, and Exchange)—an operational tool for CE. The last step consists into the development of a conceptual framework outlining four stages of AI's engagement with the CE: namely System optimization, System redesign, Business Model redesign, and Ecosystem innovation. From our study emerges that while AI is already recognized for enhancing specific activities within CE, its potential as a strategic planning tool for business model redesign and ecosystem innovation remains largely unexplored.
Surface Engineering of Biochar Toward Simultaneously Generating Superamphiphilicity and Catalytic Activity for Strengthening Pickering Interfacial Catalysis
Authors: Fan Honglei , Wang Qiuxia , Liu Hongliang , Han Buxing , Liu Huizhen , Yang Guanying
Published: May 2024

Multifunctional carbon materials have revealed distinctive features and excellent performance in the field of catalysis. However, the facile fabrication of bifunctional carbon materials with special wettability and catalytic activity remains a grand challenge in Pickering emulsion catalysis. Herein, we reported one‐step construction of bifunctional biochar with superamphiphilicity and catalytic activity directly from the thermolysis of sawdust and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate for enhancing the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in Pickering emulsion. Co‐doping of B and F enhanced the hydrophilicity of biochar, and the oleophilicity of biochar was kept simultaneously. Conversion became 4 times using bifunctional biochar compared with blank results during the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. More interestingly, the turnover frequency (TOF) value using bifunctional biochar enhanced 61 % than that employing N‐doped superamphiphilic carbon without catalytic activity. Catalytic activities of bifunctional biochar could be ascribed to the existence of different chemical bonds containing the element B. This work paves a path toward rational design of bifunctional biochar materials with special wettability and catalytic activity for greatly enhancing the liquid‐liquid biphasic reaction efficiencies.
A General and Highly Versatile Heterogeneous Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of Alkynes with Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Arango‐Daza Juan Camilo , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Adam Rosa
Published: May 2024

An efficient heterogeneous catalytic system for the oxidative aminocarbonylation of alkynes and amines in the presence of CO/O2 to afford substituted propiolamides has been developed. The active nanocatalyst, [Pd/Mg3Al‐LDH]‐300(D), is composed by Pd nanoaggregates (2–3 nm average particle size) stabilized over a partially dehydrated [Mg3Al‐LDH] matrix. The methodology has resulted widely applicable, being the first catalytic system, either homogeneous or heterogeneous, able to activate not only aliphatic amines but also poorly‐nucleophilic aromatic amines. In fact, >60 substituted propiolamides have been synthesized in good to excellent isolated yields through this methodology, being 27 novel compounds. An important characterization effort (XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, TGA, TPD‐CO2, BET area, XPS, HAADF‐HRSTEM and HRTEM) and optimization of the synthesis conditions of the optimal catalyst has been performed. This study, together with a series of kinetic and mechanistic essays, indicates that the optimal catalyst is composed by Pd(0) species stabilized in a partially dehydrated/dehydroxylated LDH material with a Mg/Al molar ratio of 3 and a small crystallite size. All the experimental data indicates that the in situ formation of [PdI2] active species in the material surface together with the presence of a matrix with the optimal acid/base properties are key aspects of this process.
Optimisation of a primary human CAR‐NK cell manufacturing pipeline
Authors: Pfefferle Aline , Contet Julian , Wong Kahlia , Chen Charlotte , Verhoeyen Els , Slichter Chloe K , Schluns Kimberly S , Cursons Joseph , Berry Richard , Nikolic Iva , Rautela Jai , Huntington Nicholas D
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy of B‐cell malignancies achieves long‐term disease remission in a high fraction of patients and has triggered intense research into translating this successful approach into additional cancer types. However, the complex logistics involved in autologous CAR‐T manufacturing, the compromised fitness of patient‐derived T cells, the high rates of serious toxicities and the overall cost involved with product manufacturing and hospitalisation have driven innovation to overcome such hurdles. One alternative approach is the use of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells as a source for CAR‐NK cell therapy. However, this source has traditionally faced numerous manufacturing challenges.

Methods

To address this, we have developed an optimised expansion and transduction protocol for primary human NK cells primed for manufacturing scaling and clinical evaluation. We have performed an in‐depth comparison of primary human NK cell sources as a starting material by characterising their phenotype, functionality, expansion potential and transduction efficiency at crucial timepoints of our CAR‐NK manufacturing pipeline.

Results

We identified adult peripheral blood‐derived NK cells to be the superior source for generating a CAR‐NK cell product because of a higher maximum yield of CAR‐expressing NK cells combined with potent natural, as well as CAR‐mediated anti‐tumor effector functions.

Conclusions

Our optimised manufacturing pipeline dramatically improves lentiviral transduction efficiency of primary human NK cells. We conclude that the exponential expansion pre‐ and post‐transduction and high on‐target cytotoxicity make peripheral blood‐derived NK cells a feasible and attractive CAR‐NK cell product for clinical utility.
Corners‐slotted wideband patch antenna gain enhancement with a 3D dielectric lens for Ka‐band satellite communication
Authors: Ullah Naveed , Rahman Saeed Ur , Liu Yuhuai , Wang Fang
Published: May 2024

To improve the gain of the corner‐slotted, wideband microstrip patch antenna (MPA), a three‐dimensional (3D) hemispherical dielectric lens (DL) and dielectric cylinder‐based hybrid structure is introduced. DL is constructed and integrated on the surface of the patch antenna to increase the gain performance. Three‐dimensional printing techniques contribute considerably to lens production. The 3D manufacturing technique provides greater freedom and versatility than conventional manufacturing methods. The DL increased the proposed single‐patch antenna gain from 6.2 to 13.7 dBi with stable gain fluctuation in the working frequency spectrum spanning between 27.5 and 31 GHz. This implies a notable increase in gain of 7.5 dBi and a consistently uniform gain characteristic throughout a 5‐GHz wide frequency range. Furthermore, the DL‐loaded antenna parameters such as |S11|, gain (dBi), axial ratio (AR), radiation efficiency (%), and radiation patterns measured results are compared with simulated plots. Overall, the measured results agree well with the simulated findings. Based on the results, the compact antenna can be chosen for different wireless applications, especially for satellite communication in the proposed band.
Phylogenetic placement and comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of Idiostoloidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: Zhang Danli , Chen XiaoYan , Yang Jingjing , Yi Wenbo , Xie Qiang , Yang HuanHuan , Sweet Merrill H. , Bu Wenjun , Li Teng
Published: May 2024

The classification system and the higher level phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomomorpha, the second largest infraorder of Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera), have been debated and remain controversial over decades. In particular, the placement and phylogenetic relationship of Idiostoloidea are not well resolved, which hampers a better understanding of the evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha. In this study, for the first time, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome for two narrowly distributed families of Idiostoloidea (including Idiostolidae and Henicocoridae), respectively. The length of the mitochondrial genome of Monteithocoris hirsutus and Henicocoris sp. is 16,632 and 16,013 bp, respectively. The content of AT is ranging from 75.15% to 80.48%. The mitogenomic structure of Idiostoloidea is highly conservative and there are no gene arrangements. By using the Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian site‐heterogeneous mixture model, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships within Pentatomomorpha and estimated their divergence times based on concatenated mitogenomes and nuclear ribosomal genes. Our results support the classification system of six superfamilies within Pentatomomorpha and confirm the monophyletic groups of each superfamily, with the following phylogenetic relationships: (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Idiostoloidea + (Coreoidea + (Pyrrhocoroidea + Lygaeoidea))))). Furthermore, estimated divergence times revealed that most pentatomomorphan superfamilies and families diverged during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, which coincides with the explosive radiation of angiosperms.
Comparative Assessment of ESI‐MS Softness for Inorganic Complexes: How Soft Is Your ESI‐MS?
Authors: Chagunda Ian C. , Williams Peter J. H. , Fisher Tiago , Stock Naomi L. , Beach Daniel G. , Thomas Gilian T. , Zhu Jane , McIndoe J. Scott
Published: May 2024

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is a powerful tool for identifying and characterizing organometallic and coordination compounds. However, detection of fragile structures bound by weaker intermolecular forces can be significantly limited in ESI‐MS owing to the use of relatively harsh instrument conditions and configurations. In this study, a set of tests was developed to assess the softness of ESI‐MS systems. Two variants are presented: positive ion mode, utilizing a mixture of sodium ions and triphenylphosphine oxide producing [Na(OPPh3)n]+ ions (n=1–4), and negative ion mode utilizing Pd(PPh3)4 and sulfonated triphenylphosphine producing [Pd(L)(PPh3)n]− ions (n=0–2), where softer instrument conditions preserve a higher proportion of the high‐coordinate ions and harsher conditions will result in increased detection of products of ion fragmentation. The results revealed notable variations in instrument softness, which were influenced by a combination of instrument design and experimental parameters. Meticulously optimizing experimental conditions and ESI‐MS parameters is essential to achieving the softest ionization possible, ensuring reliable analysis where applicable. This study offers valuable insight through straightforward tests that can be employed to assess the suitability of an instrument for specific research needs.
Introduction of Organic Dyes into Cadmium(II) MOF for Tunable Light Emission and Highly Sensitive Probing Antibiotics
Authors: Wu Haozhen , Yang Guo‐Ping , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: May 2024

A honeycomb porous cadmium(II) metal–organic framework {[Cd(L)(H2O)] ⋅ NMP ⋅ 5H2O}n (1, H2L=1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid and NMP=1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) was obtained using the solvothermal method. The luminescent molecules rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (FL) were encapsulated in 1 using the immersion method to prepare RhB@1 and FL@1 dual emission composites. Additionally, a series of RhBx/FL1‐x@1 composites with varying luminescence properties were generated by altering the molar ratio of RhB to FL. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of RhB@1 and FL@1 was demonstrated to be caused by photoelectron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer from 1 to the encapsulated guest module. Notably, RhB@1 showed the considerable improvement in fluorescence selectivity and detection limit (10−6 M) for metronidazole and dimetronidazole with remarkable recyclability.
NaF Modification of Open/Closed Pores Enhancing the Sodium Storage in Hard Carbon
Authors: Zhou Yanwei , Chen Jie , Zhang Xu , Peng Jiayu , Xue Lihong , Zhang Wuxing
Published: May 2024

Hard carbon (HC) is one of the most promising anode materials in sodium‐ion batteries, and its sodium‐storage performance is closely related to its open/closed pore structures. However, modification of the inner pore structure of HC still remains a challenge. In this work, porous HCs are synthesized using pitch as the precursor, and the open and closed pores in HC are modified by NaF to obtain NaF@HC and polypropylene (PP)@NaF@HC, respectively. In the results, it is proved that NaF modification can construct closed pores in HC and improve Na+ transportation. Furthermore, NaF modification of the open pores effectively inhibits the electrolyte decomposition. Both NaF@HC and PP@NaF@HC exhibit excellent sodium‐storage performance, which delivers the reversible specific capacities of 310 and 323 mAh g−1, corresponding to the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 72.3% and 82.2%, respectively. Even after 200 cycles, their capacity retentions still maintain 99.5% and 92.8%. Nevertheless, NaF modification of the closed pores increases the sodium deposition barrier, leading to a severe capacity fading of the plateau capacity at a high current rate. In this study, the structural regulation of open and closed pores in HC can be guided, thereby improving its sodium‐storage kinetics.
Enhancing heavy‐oil displacement efficiency through viscoelasticity of polymer solution by investigating the viscosity limit of crude oil: An experimental study
Authors: Xue Xinsheng , Zhu Shijie , Ma Xinjian , Zhang Shilun , Yang Shuanglai , Huang Zhuangzhuang , Xu Mei , Huang Huirong
Published: May 2024

The world is rich in ordinary heavy‐oil resources. Exploring the limit of the crude oil viscosity limits can further expand the application of polymer flooding technology in heavy‐oil reservoirs and improve the development efficiency of heavy‐oil reservoirs. On the basis of the polymer flooding that has been implemented in the Bohai offshore oilfield, this study characterized the in situ viscoelasticity of the polymer solution SNF3640C. We compared the polymer flooding and glycerol flooding performance in low‐viscous oil reservoirs (with a viscosity of 6.5 cp) and high‐viscous oil reservoirs (with a viscosity of 65 cp) by conducting microscopic dead‐end experiments and macroscopic core‐flooding experiments, and then analyzing the impact of polymer's viscoelasticity on the oil displacement efficiency of heavy oil. Finally, multiple crude oils with a wide range of viscosity were used to explore the crude oil viscosity limits under which the efficiency of heavy‐oil displacement could be improved through polymer viscoelasticity. The results demonstrate that: (1) the SNF3640C polymer solution can exhibit a certain degree of viscoelasticity in deep formation. At a distance of 140 m from the wellbore in the reservoir, a solution with a concentration of 1500 mg/L can still have a first normal stress difference of 2.5 Pa. Polymers can effectively improve the efficiency of heavy‐oil displacement through elastic action. (2) The viscosity limit that can improve the efficiency of heavy‐oil displacement under current experimental conditions does not exceed 5486 cp. The efficiency of polymer flooding for crude oil has decreased to 31.68%, and the contribution of elastic flooding is only 1.5%. The research method of using viscous glycerol as a comparison to demonstrate the contribution of polymer elasticity to oil displacement effectiveness effectively solves the problem of isolating the contribution by polymer solution's viscosity and elasticity, and clarifies the development direction of polymer flooding for developing heavy crude oil. Enhancing the elastic effect of polymer solution in porous media can increase the viscosity range of polymer flooding heavy oil.
Deformation mechanism of gob‐side entry at top coal caving mining face: A numerical study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Gao Shoushi , Yang Tao , He Yifeng , Sun Jianping , Luo Pengkun , Bao Ruoyu
Published: May 2024

To investigate the significant deformation of the surrounding rock within the dynamic pressure zone of the gateroad, this study utilized the tailgate of the 1506 longwall face in Anyang Coal Mine as the engineering context. A combined approach of field measurement and numerical analysis was employed to explore the deformation and failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock under dynamic pressure. The findings indicate that before the exploitation of the 1506 longwall face, there was a notable reduction in stress across the floor and immediate roof, with minimal stress concentration observed in the coal pillar and the entity rib side. The plastic zone surrounding the tailgate was limited, suggesting a high degree of stability in the entry's surrounding rock. However, during the extraction of the 1506 longwall face, the tailgate, extending 60 m ahead of the working face, was subjected to dynamic pressure, leading to a marked increase in stress within the floor, coal pillar, and immediate roof. Stress concentration was more pronounced on the entity rib side than on the pillar rib side. This resulted in significant fissuring and severe deformation of the entry's surrounding rock. The primary failure mechanism involved damage to both the roof and floor corners, with the severity of damage escalating alongside the stress in the surrounding rock. This culminated in the failure of roof corner bolts and anchor cables, thereby compromising the stability of the entry within the dynamic pressure zone.
Feasible mechanisms and therapeutic potential of food probiotics to mitigate diabetes‐associated cancers: A comprehensive review and in silico validation
Authors: Vinothkanna Annadurai , Shi‐Liang Xiang , Karthick Rajan Durairaj , Prathiviraj Ragothaman , Sekar Soundarapandian , Zhang Shubing , Wang Bo , Liu Zhu , Jia Ai‐Qun
Published: May 2024

People with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia are linked with cancer risk. Diabetes and cancer have been corroborated by high morbidity and mortality rates. Studies revealed that elevated levels of insulin secretions trigger insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) production. Moreover, IGF‐1 is a key regulator involved in promoting cancer cell progression and is linked with DM. Cancer drug resistance and ototoxic effects can adversely affect the health and lifespan of an individual. However, naturally derived bioactive compounds are gaining attention for their nontoxic properties and specific behavior. Likewise, probiotics have also been regarded as safe and successful alternatives to treat DM‐linked cancers. The present review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential and feasible functions of probiotics to mitigate or inhibit DM‐associated cancers. Meanwhile, the intracellular signaling cascades involved in promoting DM‐linked cancer are enumerated for future prospective research. However, metabolomics interactions and protein–protein interactions are to be discussed for deeper insights into affirmative principles in diabetic‐linked cancers. Drug discovery and innovative preclinical evaluation need further adjuvant and immune‐enhancement therapies. Furthermore, the results of the in silico assessment could provide scientific excellence of IGF‐1 in diabetes and cancer. Overall, this review summarizes the mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets for diabetes‐associated cancer.
The potential value of oral microbial signatures for prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: He Baochang , Cao Yujie , Zhuang Zhaocheng , Deng Qingrong , Qiu Yu , Pan Lizhen , Zheng Xiaoyan , Shi Bin , Lin Lisong , Chen Fa
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the potential predictive value of oral microbial signatures for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk based on machine learning algorithms.

Methods

The oral microbiome signatures were assessed in the unstimulated saliva samples of 80 OSCC patients and 179 healthy individuals using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four different machine learning classifiers were used to develop prediction models.

Results

Compared with control participants, OSCC patients had a higher microbial dysbiosis index (MDI, p < 0.001). Among four machine learning classifiers, random forest (RF) provided the best predictive performance, followed by the support vector machines, artificial neural networks and naive Bayes. After controlling the potential confounders using propensity score matching, the optimal RF model was further developed incorporating a minimal set of 20 bacteria genera, exhibiting better predictive performance than the MDI (AUC: 0.992 vs. 0.775, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The novel MDI and RF model developed in this study based on oral microbiome signatures may serve as noninvasive tools for predicting OSCC risk.
Validation of a low‐cost lead hazard screening kit for the home environment
Authors: Wicks Alyssa , Joseph Ornella , Keranen Jocelyn , Herrmann Angela , Lieberman Marya , Peaslee Graham F. , Sisk Matthew L. , Filippelli Gabriel , Beidinger‐Burnett Heidi
Published: May 2024

The main sources of lead exposure for children occur in the home environment, yet no low‐cost analytical methods exist to screen homes for lead hazards. Previously, an inexpensive (~$20), quantitative lead screening kit was developed in which residents collect soil, paint, and dust samples that are returned to a laboratory for lead analysis using X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). This screening kit was initially validated in 2020; it was determined that in situ and ex situ XRF lead measurements on the same samples exhibited strong sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. As a follow‐up to the initial validation, an implementation study and further statistical analyses were conducted. Correlation analysis using the results from nearly 400 screening kits identified an overall lack of correlation between sample types, reinforcing the utility of all eight sample locations. Principal component analysis searched for underlying correlations in sample types and provided evidence that both interior and exterior paint are major sources of lead hazards for Indiana homes. The implementation study compared the results of the government‐standard lead inspection and risk assessment (LIRA) and the lead screening kit in 107 Indiana homes. In the United States, the LIRA is a thorough inspection of paint, dust, and soil that is usually state mandated in response to a child's elevated blood level and is used to identify where remediation efforts should be focused. The lead screening kit and LIRA agreed on the presence of lead in 79 of the 107 homes tested (74%). Discrepancies in agreement are likely the result of differences in the sample location and number of samples collected by each method. Overall, these results suggest that the lead screening kit is an acceptable resource that could be used to expand the services health departments provide for lead prevention. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1504–1513. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Post‐diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chan Doris S. M. , Cariolou Margarita , Markozannes Georgios , Balducci Katia , Vieira Rita , Kiss Sonia , Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Aune Dagfinn , Greenwood Darren C. , González‐Gil Esther M. , Copson Ellen , Renehan Andrew G. , Bours Martijn , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Hudson Melissa M. , May Anne M. , Odedina Folakemi T. , Skinner Roderick , Steindorf Karen , Tjønneland Anne , Velikova Galina , Baskin Monica L. , Chowdhury Rajiv , Hill Lynette , Lewis Sarah J. , Seidell Jaap , Weijenberg Matty P. , Krebs John , Cross Amanda J. , Tsilidis Konstantinos K.
Published: May 2024

The role of diet in colorectal cancer prognosis is not well understood and specific lifestyle recommendations are lacking. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies on post‐diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer survival outcomes in PubMed and Embase from inception until 28th February 2022. Random‐effects dose–response meta‐analyses were conducted when at least three studies had sufficient information. The evidence was interpreted and graded by the CUP Global independent Expert Committee on Cancer Survivorship and Expert Panel. Five RCTs and 35 observational studies were included (30,242 cases, over 8700 all‐cause and 2100 colorectal cancer deaths, 3700 progression, recurrence, or disease‐free events). Meta‐analyses, including 3–10 observational studies each, were conducted for: whole grains, nuts/peanuts, red and processed meat, dairy products, sugary drinks, artificially sweetened beverages, coffee, alcohol, dietary glycaemic load/index, insulin load/index, marine omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplemental calcium, circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and all‐cause mortality; for alcohol, supplemental calcium, circulating 25(OH)D and colorectal cancer‐specific mortality; and for circulating 25(OH)D and recurrence/disease‐free survival. The overall evidence was graded as ‘limited’. The inverse associations between healthy dietary and/or lifestyle patterns (including diets that comprised plant‐based foods), whole grains, total, caffeinated, or decaffeinated coffee and all‐cause mortality and the positive associations between unhealthy dietary patterns, sugary drinks and all‐cause mortality provided ‘limited—suggestive’ evidence. All other exposure‐outcome associations provided ‘limited—no conclusion’ evidence. Additional, well‐conducted cohort studies and carefully designed RCTs are needed to develop specific lifestyle recommendations for colorectal cancer survivors.
Financial stability and sustainable development: Perspectives from fiscal and monetary policy
Authors: Dinh Le Quoc , Oanh Tran Thi Kim , Ha Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: May 2024

This paper studies the relationship between financial stability and sustainable development from the fiscal and monetary policy perspective in 33 developing countries and 7 developed countries in the period 2005–2020. Bayesian regression results show that financial stability positively affects sustainable development in both groups of countries with a low probability of impact. This probability is above 79.3% in developed countries and above 81.5% in developing ones. When considering the role of monetary policy, the direction of impact and probability is different. Specifically, financial stability in the environment of high inflation and increased money supply (ZscoreInf and ZscoreM2) negatively affects sustainable development in both country groups with high probabilities. In contrast, when considering the monetary policy with the foreign exchange reserves tool (ZscoreER), financial stability positively impacts sustainable development with the probability of 89.6% in developed countries and 92.5% in developing one. When considering the role of fiscal policy, financial stability with government spending (ZscoreGE) positively affects sustainable development with a probability of over 99.7% in the two groups of countries. Meanwhile, tax income in a financially stable environment increases the probability of a positive effect at 100% in developed countries, and a negative effect with a probability of 60.9% in developing countries. From the above results, we propose that central banks in both developed and developing countries should aim to stabilize prices and aim to maintain a low inflation rate to help limit shocks to sudden interest rate changes that cause market volatility. This is a premise to help stabilize finance and promote sustainable development. Furthermore, these countries should maintain an adequate foreign exchange reserve to withstand external shocks and ensure they have enough foreign currency to meet macroeconomic needs, which can boost confidence.
Does e‐commerce infrastructure increase enterprise productivity? Evidence from China's e‐commerce demonstration city
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Jiang Pengcheng
Published: May 2024

This study leverages the National E‐commerce Demonstration City Pilot (NEDC) as a quasi‐natural experiment in e‐commerce infrastructure development. Utilising panel data from non‐financial firms listed on China's A‐share market from 2005 to 2022, we pioneered employ a multi‐period difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to explore the direct and indirect effects of e‐commerce infrastructure on total factor productivity (TFP). Our findings reveal that: (1) The NEDC initiative significantly enhances firm‐level TFP. This result remains robust after addressing endogeneity issues through IV‐2SLS and propensity score matching and difference in differences methods and undergoing a series of robustness tests. (2) Channels tests indicate that the NEDC policy indirectly boosts firm TFP primarily by fostering technological innovation and augmenting human capital. (3) Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the NEDC policy effectively stimulates TFP growth in state‐owned enterprises, firms with high equity concentration, manufacturing and low‐tech industry firms. The policy's impact is more pronounced in cities with high administrative levels, in the eastern and central cities, and in cities with superior traditional infrastructure. The empirical evidence provided by this study not only supports the role of e‐commerce infrastructure in driving economic growth but also offers valuable insights for bridging the income disparity between developing and developed nations, and mitigating income inequality.
Multiwavelength laser diode based portable photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system for point of care applications
Authors: Mitra Mahaan , Haworth Abigail , Gaddale Prameth , Badran Faisal , Lagno Nuzhath , Pameijer Colette , Aziz Faisal , Kothapalli Sri‐Rajasekhar
Published: May 2024

Vascular diseases are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite having precursor conditions like peripheral arterial disease (PAD), they are often only diagnosed after the onset of stroke or heart attack. Low‐cost, portable, noninvasive, point‐of‐care (POC), label‐free assessment of deep vascular function benefits PAD diagnosis, especially in resource poor settings of the world. Doppler ultrasound‐based blood flow measurements can diagnose PAD, albeit with limited sensitivity and specificity. To overcome this, here, we propose the first‐of‐its‐kind dual‐modality photoacoustic‐and‐ultrasound (PAUS) imaging system that integrates a multiwavelength pulsed laser diode (PLD) with a compact ultrasound data acquisition unit. The mesoscopic imaging depth of the portable PLD‐PAUS system was validated using tissue phantoms, and its multispectral photoacoustic imaging capabilities were validated using an atherosclerosis‐mimicking phantom. Furthermore, we demonstrated high‐contrast volumetric in vivo photoacoustic imaging of rodent abdominal vasculature and quantified vessel reactivity due to hypercapnia stimulation. The multiparametric functional and molecular imaging capabilities of the PLD‐PAUS system holds promise for POC applications.
Spatial targeted delivery of riboflavin with a controlled corneal iontophoresis delivery system in theranostic‐guided UV‐A light photo‐therapy
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Serrao Sebastiano , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Lombardo Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Seven human donor eye globes underwent corneal cross‐linking using theranostic UV‐A device with accessory corneal iontophoresis system for patterned delivery of a 0.22% riboflavin solution. Theranostic‐guided UV‐A light illumination assessed riboflavin distribution and treated corneas at 10 mW/cm2 for 9 min with a 5.0‐mm beam size. Corneal topography maps were taken at baseline and 2‐h post‐treatment. Analysis utilized corneal topography elevation data, with results showing controlled riboflavin delivery led to a consistent gradient, with 40% higher levels centrally (248 ± 79 μg/cm3) than peripherally (180 ± 72 μg/cm3 at ±2.5 mm from the center). Theranostic‐guided UV‐A light irradiation resulted in significant changes in corneal topography, with a decrease in best‐fit sphere value (−0.7 ± 0.2 D; p < 0.001) and consistent downward shift in corneal elevation map (−11.7 ± 3.7 μm). The coefficient of variation was 2.5%, indicating high procedure performance in achieving significant and reliable corneal flattening.
Safety of DOACs in patients with Child‐Pugh Class C cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ayoub Mark , Faris Carol , Chumbe Julton Tomanguillo , Daglilar Ebubekir , Anwar Nadeem , Naravadi Vishnu
Published: May 2024

Background

Anticoagulation (AC) is used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) are safe in patients with AF without cirrhosis, they are hardly studied in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Our study evaluates the safety and outcomes of DOACs in patients with Child‐Pugh class C cirrhosis (CPC).

Methods

We queried TriNetX Database. Patients with CPC and AF were divided into three cohorts: patients on DOACs, no AC, and warfarin. Three study arms were created using a 1:1 propensity score matching system (PSM).

Results

Totally 16 029 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 20.2% (n = 3235) were on DOACs, 47.1% (n = 7552) were not on AC, and 32.7% (n = 5242) were on warfarin. First arm comparing AC versus no AC, a statistically significant benefit was identified in 3‐year mortality risk (47% vs 71%, P < 0.0001) and transplant status (17% vs 5%, p < 0.0001) with AC. However, no significant difference was identified regarding intracranial hemorrhage and GI bleeding risk. Second arm comparing patients on DOACs versus no AC, we identified mortality benefit (40% vs 72%, P < 0.0001) and a higher transplant rate (9% vs 3.2%, P < 0.0001) with DOACs. Intracranial hemorrhage rates (6% vs 4%, P = 0.03) were higher in patients on DOACs. Third arm comparing patients on DOACs versus Warfarin, a statistically significant lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage (6.6% vs 8.7%, P = 0.004) and GI bleed (2% vs 2.4%, P < 0.0001) were identified in patients on DOACs.

Conclusion

Anticoagulation is safe in patients with CPC with AF and may provide a mortality benefit. DOACs are a safer alternative to warfarin.
Comparative skull osteology of Amphisbaena arda and Amphisbaena vermicularis (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: Paiva Carolina L. , Hipsley Christy A. , Müller Johannes , Zaher Hussam , Costa Henrique C.
Published: May 2024

The skull anatomy of amphisbaenians directly influences their capacity to burrow and is crucial for the study of their systematics, which ultimately contributes to our comprehension of their evolution and ecology. In this study, we employed three‐dimensional X‐ray computed tomography to provide a detailed description and comprehensive comparison of the skull anatomy of two amphisbaenian species with similar external morphology, Amphisbaena arda and Amphisbaena vermicularis. Our findings revealed some differences between the species, especially in the sagittal crest of the parietal bone, the ascendant process, and the transverse occipital crest of the occipital complex. We also found intraspecific variation within A. vermicularis, with some specimens displaying morphology that differed from their conspecifics but not from A. arda. The observed intraspecific variation within A. vermicularis cannot be attributed to soil features because all specimens came from the same locality. Specimen size and soil type may play a role in the observed differences between A. arda and A. vermicularis, as the single A. arda specimen is the largest of our sample and soil type and texture differ between the collection sites of the two species.
How is climate change altering the precipitation pattern over Northwestern India?
Authors: Kumari Amita , Mishra Alok Kumar
Published: May 2024

Climate change in India is causing devastating downpour events and shifts in spatial characterization, with apparent regional differences. The Northwest India (NWI), which is in the Aravalli rain shadow zone and was formerly drier, has attracted great attention in recent years due to its changing rainfall patterns. This study throws light on the astonishing behaviour of ISMR over NWI with the advent of intensified rainfall over the region in the recent time frame. The Pettitt test of change point (CP) detection is utilized in this analysis to measure the change in rainfall patterns over a period of 70 years, from 1950 to 2019. This analysis suggests significant variation in the CP's time frame for different months of ISMR. The earliest change was noticed in July, while the latest was for September for the mean as well as for the intense precipitation. Moreover, we found a maximum change in the precipitation during the peak monsoon month (i.e., July and August). The difference in the precipitation of different percentile values before and after CP indicates a decrease (increase) in low (high) intensity precipitation for all the months and seasons as a whole with varying magnitude. The highest reduction of low‐intensity precipitation is noticed for the months of July and August, while the highest increase of high‐intensity precipitation (>95th percentile) is noticed for June and September. The heavier precipitation contributes largely to the mean increase of precipitation, expecting to receive more mean and precipitation extremes in the future. Unlike the increasing precipitation trend, potential evapotranspiration (source of local moisture) shows a declining trend, revealing the negative association among them and the possibility of enhanced advection of remote moisture responsible for enhanced precipitation over NWI. The enhanced vertically integrated moisture transport of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal and its strengthening relationship with precipitation further confirm the contribution of remote moisture to intensified precipitation over NWI, though the in‐depth dynamical cause remains unclear. The increased Convective Available Potential Energy for entire monsoon seasons as a whole and individual months facilitates a favourable condition for enhanced convective activity over the region, resulting in strengthening the precipitation.
Salivary microbiome and MRP‐8/14 levels in children with gingivitis, healthy children, and their mothers
Authors: Blufstein Alice , Pejcic Natasa , Spettel Kathrin , Hausmann Bela , Seki David , Ertekin Tugba , Hinrichs‐Priller Julia , Altner Sarra , Nehr Marion , Bekes Katrin , Makristathis Athanasios , Andrukhov Oleh
Published: May 2024

Background

Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease among children and adolescents and is associated with disrupted host–microbiome homeostasis. Family is an important factor influencing the prevalence of gingivitis. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome, oral hygiene habits, and the salivary level of myeloid‐related protein (MRP)‐8/14 in children aged 7–12 years with gingivitis, periodontally healthy children, and their mothers.

Methods

This study included 24 children with gingivitis (including four sibling pairs) and 22 periodontally healthy children (including two sibling pairs) and their mothers. The whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, the variable V3–V4 region of the eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified, and sample library preparation was performed according to the Illumina protocol. The salivary levels of MRP‐8/14 were analyzed by ELISA.

Results

Alpha diversity of the salivary microbiome was considerably higher in gingivitis children and mothers of gingivitis children compared to healthy children and their mothers, respectively. Significant differences in beta diversity between healthy and gingivitis children, healthy children and their mothers, and gingivitis children and their mothers were detected. Overall, the number of common core amplicon sequence variants between children and their own mothers was significantly higher than between children and other mothers. The salivary MRP‐8/14 levels in children with gingivitis were significantly higher compared to healthy children; a similar tendency was also mentioned for mothers.

Conclusion

Our study underlines the importance of family as an essential factor influencing oral health.
Fibrosis and steatotic liver disease in US adolescents according to the new nomenclature
Authors: Ma Ning , Bansal Meena , Chu Jaime , Branch Andrea D.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To apply the new nomenclature for steatotic liver diseases (SLD), replacing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), in adolescents using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Methods

Among 1410 adolescents (12–19 years) in NHANES (2017‐March, 2020), the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) of transient elastography (TE) was used to define steatosis and fibrosis (TE ≥ 7.4 kPa). Obesity and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 80 U/L were used to identify adolescents qualifying for hepatology referral according to practice guidelines. NAFLD was defined as liver steatosis without a specific exposure; it has no cardiometabolic risk factor requirement, unlike MASLD.

Results

Steatosis (yes/no) is the first decision point in the new diagnostic protocol; however, criteria for steatosis are undefined. At the supplier (EchoSens)‐recommended CAP threshold of 240 dB/m, 30.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.1%–34.0%) of adolescents had SLD and about 85% of adolescents with NAFLD met criteria for MASLD. The other 15% would receive an ambiguous diagnosis of either cryptogenic SLD or possible MASLD. At higher CAP thresholds, MASLD/NAFLD concordance increased and approached 100%. Among adolescents with MASLD‐fibrosis, only 8.8% (95% CI: 0%–19.3%) had overweight/obese and ALT ≥ 80 U/L.

Conclusions

The new nomenclature highlights the high prevalence of liver steatosis. At the CAP threshold of 240 dB/m, however, approximately 15% of adolescents would receive an ambiguous diagnosis, which could lead to confusion and worry. Fewer than 10% of adolescents with MASLD‐fibrosis had overweight/obese and ALT ≥ 80 U/L. Revised guidelines are needed to ensure that the other 90% receive appropriate referral and liver disease care.
Mura‐free G8.5 220ppi inkjet printing technology for OLED and QLED display panels
Authors: Yoshida Hidehiro , Nakatani Shuhei , Inoue Takashi , Usui Yukiya , Ohtsuka Futoshi
Published: May 2024

This paper reported on the development of a Mura‐free and high precise printing to realize high‐resolution organic light‐emitting diode and quantum dot light‐emitting diode display panels with a G8.5 glass substrate. To realize Mura‐free printing, we developed the single‐path print line head and the new pixel volume adjustment system with a pixel volume variation of ±0.8%. And to realize high precise printing, we developed the G8.5 table system that compensated for the drop position by changing the jetting time of each nozzle. And verified a drop position accuracy of ±2.1 μm. By combining these technologies, we achieved Mura‐free 220‐ppi printing on the G8.5 table.
Role of reimbursement and Physicians' awareness in the survival of sorafenib‐eligible advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Huang Hui‐Ling , Chang Te‐Sheng , Canseco Lariza Marie , Wu Fan , Lu Sheng‐Nan
Published: May 2024

In 2008, sorafenib became the first approved systemic therapeutic agent for advanced HCC. Although its pharmacological efficacy has been established, reimbursement for such a new, high‐cost drug, as well as physicians' awareness and prescription practice, likewise contribute to its clinical effectiveness. We therefore conducted a retrospective study using 38 sorafenib‐eligible, advanced HCC patients when sorafenib was approved but not yet reimbursed as a control and 216 patients during the reimbursed era. Study group showed longer survival at 8.2 months versus the control's 4.9 months (p = 0.0063 hazard ratio: 0.612 [0.431 ~ 0.868], p = 0.0059). Among the 42 (19.4%) patients who survived more than 2 years, 50% had tumor rupture, and all 32 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and/or extrahepatic metastasis received sorafenib (p = 0.003). Furthermore, during their first 2 years of HCC management, sorafenib had been given in 29.1% of the treatment courses among survivors between 2 and 5 years while it was prescribed in 55.8% among the more than 5 years survivor group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, survival of sorafenib‐eligible HCC patients significantly improved after reimbursement. Patients who underwent longer sorafenib treatment had a survival advantage, except for those with tumor rupture. Reimbursement and awareness of prescriptions for a newly introduced medication therefore improve clinical effectiveness.
A Review of the Health Benefits of Processed Lentils (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Dewan Md. Forshed , Shams Shahjadi‐Nur‐Us , Haque M. Amdadul
Published: May 2024

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is a versatile and nutrient‐dense food legume crop with demonstrated health benefits. As people are trying to minimize health‐related issues through healthy eating, lentils are gaining more popularity. Several processing methods, including heating, germination, fermentation, and extrusion, are frequently utilized to prepare this extensively consumed legume, transforming it into delicious and nutritious dishes while also optimizing its medicinal attributes. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies using the processed lentils effectively demonstrated their functional benefits including cardioprotective, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. These facts make a strong case that consuming processed lentils can lower the likelihood of developing noncommunicable chronic illnesses like diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and so on. The conservation of bioactive substances including phenolic compounds and flavonoids is key to the processed lentils' beneficial health effects. These bioactive compounds have an impact on human physiology, neutralizing the excess free radicals or oxidants from damaging cell, which leads to improved health and well‐being. In this article, we reviewed and summarized the results from studies on processed lentils that have an impact on human health. By combining available studies, this review article provides an up‐to‐date and well‐informed viewpoint on improving health through dietary interventions, specifically looking at processed lentils and their potential to systematically lower disease risk and obtain health benefits.