bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas inferenciais sobre o encargo e as diretrizes poéticas em O Jardim de Rubiane Maia
Authors: Alves Lindomberto Ferreira
Published: October 2019

A performance O Jardim (2015), da artista multimídia contemporânea brasileira Rubiane Maia, objeto desta resenha crítica, trata-se de um trabalho especificamente concebido por ela, a convite das curadoras Paula Garcia e Lynsey Peisinger, para compor o projeto “Oito performances”, da exposição Terra Comunal – Marina Abramović + MAI, aberta à visitação de março a maio de 2015, no Sesc Pompeia, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.
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Published: October 2019

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O MÉTODO: CATEGORIAS FUNDANTES DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Iasi Mauro Luís
Published: October 2019

Boa tarde a todos e todas. É um prazer estar aqui. A ANPEd vem de longatradição de resistência, de luta, de pensar a educação brasileira, o que me deixa muitoorgulhoso ter sido convidado para estar participando da continuidade desse trabalhonesta IV Intercrítica.
DOS EMBATES POR HEGEMONIA E RESISTÊNCIA NO CONTEXTO DA REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Ferretti Celso João , Ribeiro Monica
Published: October 2019

Neste texto nos propomos a refletir sobre processos que circunscrevem embates e disputas em torno das finalidades e formas de organização do ensino médio com vistas a apontar perspectivas de resistência em face dos retrocessos anunciados pela Lei 13.415/17. Partimos da constatação de uma certa hegemonia de concepções economicistas da educação. Defendemos, apoiados em Gramsci, que aliado à crítica rigorosa a esse movimento, outras formas de ação mostram-se necessárias, dentre elas, a (re)afirmação de uma proposta contra hegemônica, qual seja, a do Ensino Médio Integrado.
QUEM SABE FAZ A HORA NÃO ESPERA ACONTECER! TRABALHO, MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Vendramini Célia Regina , Fischer Maria Clara Bueno
Published: October 2019

Apresentamos aos leitores e leitoras o número temático da Revista Trabalho Necessário intitulado Trabalho, Movimentos Sociais e Educação. A proposta do número foi lançada com o objetivo de reunir artigos que dessem visibilidade a práticas e estratégias político-educativas de lutas, sindicatos e movimentos sociais organizados na atualidade, bem como outras ações coletivas. A resposta à chamada da TN 33 superou nossas expectativas. Diante do significativo número de artigos recebidos, organizamos dois volumes com a mesma temática, sendo o primeiro deles aqui apresentado.
MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM TERRA (MST) NO BRASIL E AS PERSPECTIVAS DE LUTA PÓS-GOLPE 2016
Authors: Silva Rose Márcia Da
Published: October 2019

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a organização, dinâmica, estratégias de luta e perspectivas do MST na conjuntura pós Golpe 2016 até o processo eleitoral 2018, tendo como referência com base em autores materialistas histórico-dialético e levantamento de dados, documentos, reportagens e declarações de líderes. Diante do atual contexto sócio-histórico-político, as contradições e a luta de classes encontram-se acirradas e o MST tem se destacado como um dos principais movimentos de luta anticapitalista nas mobilizações pós golpe no país, pela reforma agrária popular, pela liberdade e pela democracia.
PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO NAS TELECOMUNICAÇÕES: AUTOALIENAÇÃO E RESISTÊNCIA DOS TRABALHADORES
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Cristina Paulo
Published: October 2019

A precarização pode ser tomada como a face generalizada do trabalho no capitalismo global. Garantida através da flexibilização das relações de trabalho, traz consequências catastróficas para o campo do trabalho, com altas taxas de desemprego, cortes dos direitos, aumento do adoecimento e exacerbação da desigualdade. Num cenário deste, de extrema precarização, nos perguntamos se há lugar para a resistência e luta da classe trabalhadora. A análise dos documentos e entrevistas com trabalhadores e dirigentes sindicais das telecomunicações do Rio de Janeiro nos indicam que sim.
The Ethics of Food and Childhood Obesity – A Public Health Issue
Authors: Sarwar Evangel
Published: October 2019

Adequate food consumption is essential to stay alive. However, overconsumption and consumption of nutritionally deficient food can increase risks of obesity that negatively impacts health; ultimately leading to more expensive medical treatments, reduced quality of life, and early death – making it a public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes there is an increase in the prevalence of infant, childhood and adolescent obesity, and this is alarming because obesity can affect a child's immediate health, educational attainment, and quality of life. Overweight children are likely to be obese as an adult and consequently be at risk for various chronic illnesses. The prevalence of severe obesity in the United States has alarmingly increased among children, and research suggests that approximately 90% of children with severe obesity will become obese adults depending on the age at which these children became obese. This only shows that obesity is a precursor for a far more significant public health crisis that is about to explode with time. Moreover, obesity is also associated with the development of psychosocial implications such as diminished self-esteem and self-worth as a result of associated social and peer stigma. According to experts, the focus on childhood obesity should be on prevention rather than on the treatment of obesity. Even though obesity has been identified as the overconsumption of calorically dense and high-fat foods and inadequate physical activity, there is a socioeconomic dimension to the obesity crisis. This raises ethical questions regarding the role of government in implementing policies to eliminate obesity. To address obesity, it is better to understand it at the community level. Better policies that address the socioeconomic issues and environmental factors that fuel the obesity epidemic are needed – with that in mind; this paper aims to target these issues at the community and policy level.
Ethical Dilemmas Associated With Profit-Driven Research in Developing Countries
Authors: Sarwar EVangel
Published: October 2019

The phenomenal growth of the global pharmaceutical sales, which exceeded $US one trillion in revenues in 2014 alone, has resulted in the growing ethical concerns associated with the need for the unprecedented search for human test subjects to participate in clinical drug trials - particularly in middle and low-income countries – and concerns about possible exploitation. While this expansion has provided access to vital medical resources that would have otherwise been unattainable for this population - this outsourcing also created problems which may be termed as exploitation – such as faulty trials at times, and manipulation of data about the benefits and risks of the drugs being tested on the populations in developing countries. Although the United States and European countries have sponsored much biomedical research in developing countries, they considered their work done once the trials concluded, and this has been criticized and termed as “safari research,” – which is a form of exploitation of developing countries and their populations from which research subjects are recruited. These trials do not address the needs of the developing countries and contribute to the exploitation of some of the most “vulnerable” populations. It is unethical to enter a country, set up facilities for research then leave with the healthcare personnel and equipment after giving hope to its people of some form of benefit. Several historical events have led to the awareness of the need for protecting research subjects. There is a need for a better understanding of what constitutes as exploitations, to ensure researchers make ethical decisions with planning and implementation of research involving research participants. The paper looks at the ethical issues and their importance in international research, and the double standards that are of growing concern in profit-driven research in low-income countries by developed sponsor countries, while also making recommendations for preventing exploitations.
Empowerment como estrategia para la gerencia empresarial
Authors: Palacios-Molina Dayni Lisset
Published: October 2019

La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva con el objetivo de analizar el empowerment como estrategia para la gerencia empresarial de la cooperativa de transporte MTC de la provincia de Manabí – Ecuador con la finalidad de conocer cómo se desarrolla el empowerment en esta organización. Los resultados demuestran claramente que existe debilidades se infiere que los trabajadores tienen debilidades en cuanto al indicador solución de conflictos por lo tanto también debilidades en las relaciones interpersonales. El talento humano de la organización requiere proseguir en la formación del empowerment como estrategia de empoderamiento gerencial, de ese modo, existirá mayor posibilidad de que se genere un liderazgo comprometido en alcanzar el mayor nivel de productividad en conformidad de relación con la filosofía organizacional de la empresa.
Noun Phrase Construction in Academic Research Articles
Authors: Lau Thu
Published: October 2019

The study explored the syntactic complexity and semantic function of noun phrases in TESOL academic research articles. The corpus was comprised of 60 articles (572874 words) from three TESOL journals including TESOL Quarterly, TESOL Journal, and Journal of Second Language Writing. POS tagging was added to the corpus using TagAnt 1.2.0 (Anthony, 2015). A list of 20 highest-frequency nouns was generated using wordlist tool in AntConc 3.3.4 (Anthony, 2014). Based on the specific contexts of these nouns, the researcher analyzed the syntactic complexity of noun phrases in light of their pre-modifiers and post-modifiers. The semantic function of noun phrases was analyzed based on the excerpts generated by the Concordance tool. The results showed that the complexity of noun phrases was dependent on the complexity of their premodifiers and postmodifiers. A complex postmodifier usually contained more than one element, embedding prepositional phrases, nonfinite clauses, or relative clauses. The use of noun phrases enabled the writer to increase cohesion and coherence within and across the text. The findings were of value to both L2 learners and young scholars in developing their writing performance for the target journals in the field
J. C. Bose’s Scientific Inventions Confirmed the Truth of Consciousness
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Aju
Published: October 2019

A world leader in telecommunications, Bose was a significant figure behind the creation of modern radio and sonic technology. In 1896 his work was commemorated by IEEE as the oldest "milestone achievement" from Asia. In 1997 the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers of America named Bose as a “Father of Radio Science.” Royal Society of England was impressed by a research paper of Bose on electro-magnetic waves and they honoured him with a Degree of Doctorate in Science. He was knighted in 1917, and made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920 (the first Indian to become a fellow for science as opposed to mathematics). Acharya Bose is considered as the Father of Indian Science.
A Study on Communalism and Religious Hatred Through The Play “Final Solution”
Authors: Lade Pinky
Published: October 2019

This is another hot and burning topic of modern India and that is communalism. We are living in twenty second century but still we indulge ourselves in hate, bloodshed, slaughter, murder on the basis of caste and religion. We live quietly and calmly then suddenly a voice full of hatred arise and we all arise with deadly weapons, guns, and swords in our hands start slaughtering our neighbors, friends, and acquaintances.  It is very shameful that we have kept hatred sleeping deep in heart and just at the spark of one tiny incident, it bursts out.
Sufism in Jammu
Authors: Subramony Dr R.
Published: October 2019

Sufism entered the Indian subcontinent in the twelfth century as a new socio-religious force.  Within a short period, it mushroomed to different parts of India. Fro Punjab to Rajputana, from Jammu and Kashmir to Kerala, sufism influenced the life and thought of the people. Though on the eve of its advent, Muslim population in most parts of India was virtually negligible, yet the sufis hardly faced any local resistance to their activities. Sufism reviewed enthusiastic social response. It adjusted itself with the indigenous cultural modes in a smooth manner. As a result, it became a catalyst in shaping and consolidating the Indian regional identities from the thirteenth century onwards. In this context, sufi shrines of the different regions-Ajodhan, Sirhins, Delhi, Ajmer and Gulbarga – played a significant role. For example, Richard Maxwell Eaton has shown that the sufis of Bijapur contributed tremendously to the promotion of vernacular idiom and Dakhani language.
Povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti i kvalitete života starijih osoba
Authors: Pjevač Nada , Benjak Tomislav , Pjevač Neda
Published: October 2019

Cilj je istraživanja ispitati povezanost tjelesne
aktivnosti kvalitete života starijih osoba. Ispitanici su
pokretni građani starije životne dobi od 70 do 90 godina (N =
100). Rezultati su dobiveni na temelju ispunjenog Indeksa osobne kvalitete života. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u
dvije skupine s obzirom na učestalost bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnošću. U skupinu aktivnih svrstani su
oni koje se bave tri ili više puta tjedno nekom od tjelesnih aktivnosti
dulje od 30 minuta (N = 56), a u skupinu neaktivnih oni koji nisu tjelesno
aktivni (N = 44). Utvrđena je niska, ali značajna pozitivna korelacija učestalosti bavljenja tjelesnom
aktivnošću
i kvalitete života na domeni zdravlja (r =
0,202; p < 0,05) i kvalitete života na domeni uspješnosti (r = 0,198; p < 0,05). Slijedeći preporuke Svjetske zdravstvene
organizacije i rezultate niza istraživanja te dijela rezultata i ovog istraživanja koje ukazuje na znatnu
povezanost učestalosti tjelesne aktivnosti i
domene zdravlja kvalitete života, stalna tjelesna aktivnost
mora biti neizostavna mjera primarne prevencije zaštite zdravlja starijih osoba, iako
rezultati ovog istraživanje ne ukazuju na statistički značajnu povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti
i ukupne kvalitete života.
ANALYSIS OF MINIMUM TIME BEFORE STABILIZATION OF OSCILLATORY PROCESS UNDER DIFFERENT MODES
Authors: Asadova Jamila Abulfaz
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a numerical approach to solving the problems of optimal control over establishing oscillatory systems by means of boundary controls. In contrast to the reviewed works of other authors on similar topics, the problem of establishing the oscillatory process is numerically studied in a temporal neighborhood of the required mode, the friction force being taken into account in the mathematical model of the oscillatory system. The schemes of deriving the basic formulas are presented, as well as algorithms for their numerical solution by first-order optimization methods. The corresponding analytical formulas for the components of the gradient of the target functional for control actions are obtained. A comparison is made of the minimum time for the oscillation process to be established both with its optimal control and with the process self-determination. The results of numerical experiments are presented. The results can be attributed to the different processes described by hyperbolic equations.
condición fronteriza en El amigo del desierto de Pablo d'Ors
Authors: Varo Varo Alonso
Published: October 2019

En su novela El amigo del desierto, Pablo d’Ors provee una respuesta a la condición de desarraigo del sujeto posmoderno y vislumbra un camino a través del que hallar el hogar verdadero. En mi análisis me valdré del modelo teórico que proporciona la filosofía del límite del pensador español Eugenio Trías. A partir de las ideas de Trías sobre la condición fronteriza del ser humano, mostraré cómo el protagonista de El amigo del desierto será capaz de elevarse por encima de los límites de su mundo conocido y descubrir en el territorio más inhóspito un lugar en el que arraigarse y sentirse en casa.
THE USE OF STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) IN IMPROVING WRITING ABILITY AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA N 1 NAWANGAN IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020
Authors: Purnomo Anton Edi , Harmanto Bambang , Indriastuti Niken Reti
Published: October 2019

Writing is an important language skill because it becomes a means of learning, discovering, developing, and perfecting skills of language. The researcher using the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) method to improve student writing ability.  The aim was to change the classroom situation, so that the students will more interested in learning processes, and it will be easier for them to understand the material especially in writing class. The researcher used classroom action research as the research design. The subject was the eleventh grade MIPA 1 SMA N 1 Nawangan on 2019/2020 lesson year. The class consists of 24 students. Before implementing the research, the researcher made lessons plan,  scenario teaching using STAD and prepared instruments, questionnaire, observation, and test. The research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of three meetings. The first and second meetings was the implementation STAD method and the third was the test. Based on the result of the observation it showed that the students were more active than previous meeting, the percentage was 67% in cycle one and 88% in cycle two. The result of the questionnaire score was 68.4% in cycle one and 74.2% in cycle two it meant the students were more enjoyed, gave positive response and looked more fun with implementation those method. The result of writing test in cycle one it was known that 14 students or 58% who got score above 70, in cycle two was 100% or all students got score above 70. The result of writing test in cycle two, it showed improvement. The research finding proves that STAD method was successfully in improve writing ability. The researcher suggest that using STAD method in writing skill is a good alternative to teach and learn writing in order to make the learning process become more effective and independent
HUBUNGAN INTENSITAS MENONTON YOUTUBE DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Janah Masrinda Mar'atul , Fadhli Muhibuddin , Kristiana Dian
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas menonon youtube dengan perkembangan sosial emosional pada anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif korelasional, data berupa yang digunakan berupa skor yang diambil menggunakan skala intensitas menonton youtube dan perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia 5-6 tahun. Penelitian ini melibatkan orang tua anak sebagai responden dengan populasi sebesar 80 anak dan 46 sample. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi Spearman Rho dengan bantuan aplikasi SPPSS versi 24 for Windows.. Analisis korelasi Spearman Rho menghasilkan (r) sebesar  0,665 dengan nilai (p) taraf signifikan 0,000 (p < 0,05) yang berarti ada hubungan positif yang sangat signifikan antara intensitas menonton youtube dengan perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia 5-6 tahun. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Hα diterima dan H0 ditolak yang berarti ada hubungan positif antara intensitas menonton youtube dengan perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Darma Wanita Tempuran.
Using Social Media Networks by Learning Disabilities Teachers
Authors: Khasawneh Mohammad Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Using social media networks may promote learning communities at schools. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the extent of using social media networks by teachers of learning disabilities. The study used the analytical descriptive approach, for which a survey was designed and distributed on a sample of (N=30) learning disabilities teachers in Asir’s region, Saudi Arabia. The results of the study indicated the level of using social media networks by learning disabilities teachers was moderate. The results also showed no statistically significant differences in using social media networks by learning disabilities teachers that could be attributed to the study variables (gender, academic qualifications, and years of experience). The study showed no average in statistical differences in the extent of using social media by teachers based on the variables of academic qualifications and years of experienc
Change in the Parameters of Soils Contaminated by Oil and Oil Products
Authors: Jabbarov Zafarjon , Abdrakhmanov Tokhtasin , Pulatov Alim , Kováčik Peter , Pirmatov Khabibullo
Published: October 2019

The oil well drilling and oil processing industries are globally the main contaminants of environmental condition caused by human economic activities. Oil spills have a negative impact on the environment, economy, and society. In this research, the effects of oil with different chemical contents on soil types formed in two soil-climatic conditions have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the change of soil properties by oil pollution. The experiments have been conducted in irrigated and non-irrigated soils of the desert region of the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya (Uzbekistan). The results have shown that aggregates (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2; 3; 5; 7; 10 mm) which are the important of soil fertility have changed by oil and oil production, and the changes have proven to be temporary. The effect of the 5% and 15% concentrations of oil, engine oil, petrol, kerosene has been studied. The aggregates 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm have the biggest change among aggregates, in fact, aggregates of 0.25 mm at the level of 5% of oil decreased by 27.02%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 99.8%, at the level of 5% of kerosene decreased by 2%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 98.1%. Aggregates of 0.5 mm at the level of 5% of oil decreased by 6.44%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 67.14%, at the level of 5% of kerosene decreased by 12.75%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 92.8%. Engine oil and Petrol at levels 5 and 15 have relatively rare changed. Also, as a result of oil and oil pollution, the total carbon dioxide in the soil has grown briefly, which is an anthropogenic carbon and insignificant for soil fertility and humus. As a result, an anthropogenic carbon increased in gray-brown soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) at 0 – 35 cm layer by 0.22%, irrigated meadow-alluvial soil (Fluvisols, WRB) by 0.31%, irrigated gray-brown soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) by 0.44%, irrigated Takyr-meadow soil (Calsisols, WRB) by 0.25%, Takyr soil (Calsisols, WRB) by 0.32%, sandy Desert soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) by 0.21%.
Responses of Two Barley Subspecies to In vitro-Induced Heavy Metal Stress: Seeds Germination, Seedlings Growth and Cytotoxicity Assay
Authors: Nouri Mohamed , El Rasafi Taoufik , Haddioui Abdelmajid
Published: October 2019

In this work three heavy metals: cadmium (as CdSO4), cobalt (as CoCl2) and zinc (as ZnSO4), were used to determine and compare their toxicity towards two subspecies of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L. and Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.), focusing on seeds germination, seedlings growth, and cytological parameters. The results indicate that the effect of these heavy metals depends on the metal kind, the metal concentrations and the plant subspecies. Generally, in the case of H. vulgare, the heavy metal salts understudy did not influence significantly seed germination and seedling growth parameters. However, these metal salts influence significantly these parameters for H. distichum. The cytological test showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mitotic index among the increase of the heavy metal concentrations when evaluated with the control for H. vulgare and H. distichum. Consequently, H. vulgare seemed to be more tolerant of the increase of the three heavy metals concentrations than H. distichum.
In vitro cytogenotoxic evaluation of sertraline
Authors: Istifli Erman Salih , Çelik Rima , Hüsunet Mehmet Tahir , Çetinel Nesrin , Demirhan Osman , Ila Hasan Basri
Published: October 2019

Sertraline (SRT) is an antidepressant agent used as a neuronal selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SRT blocks serotonin reuptake and increases serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and terminal autoreceptors in the brain. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of SRT was evaluated using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy human subjects. DNA cleavage-protective effects of SRT were analyzed on plasmid pBR322. In addition, biochemical parameters of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in blood plasma were measured to quantitate oxidative stress. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to four different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 µg/mL) of SRT for 24- or 48-h treatment periods. In this study, SRT was not found to induce MN formation either in 24- or 48-h treatment periods. In contrast, SRT concentration-dependently decreased the percentage of MN and MNBN (r=−0.979, p<0.01; r=−0.930, p<0.05, respectively) when it was present for the last 48 hr (48-h treatment) of the culture period. SRT neither demonstrated a cleavage activity on plasmid DNA nor conferred DNA protection against H2O2. The application of various concentrations of SRT significantly increased the TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes for both the 24- and 48-h treatment periods. Morover, the increase in TOS was potent as the positive control MMC at both treatment times. However, SRT did not alter the TAS levels in either 24- or 48-h treatment periods when compared to control. In addition, exposing cells to SRT caused significant decreases in the nuclear division index at 1.25, 2.50 and 3.75 µg/mL in the 24-h and at the highest concentration (5 µg/mL) in the 48-h treatment periods. Our results suggest that SRT may have cytotoxic effect via oxidative stress on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Effects of mustard oil cake on liver proteins of Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Authors: Nath Susanta , Rakshit Priyanka , Matozzo Valerio
Published: October 2019

Mustard oil cake is a biofertilizer widely used in agriculture and fish cultivation almost in all South East Asian Countries including India. The study was carried out to observe the effects of this biofertilizer on the liver proteins of Channa punctatus. At sublethal concentration (0.42 g/L ), fishes were exposed for a prolonged period of 35 days and amount of total liver protein (TLP) was measured. The investigation showed a low rate of liver protein synthesis in treated fish after 4 days of exposure. An increase in the amount of protein was observed between the 7th and 35th day. But such increment was below the amount of TLP of control fish, indicating physiological stress in the treated fish.
Medicinal plants and natural products can play a significant role in mitigation of mercury toxicity
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanjib
Published: October 2019

Mercury is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity. Scientific literature reveals various plants and plant derived natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, which can alleviate experimentally induced mercury toxicity in animals. The present review attempts to collate those experimental studies on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with ameliorative effects on mercury toxicity. A literature survey was carried out by using Google, Scholar Google, Scopus and Pub-Med. Only the scientific journal articles found in the internet for the last two decades (1998–2018) were considered. Minerals and semi-synthetic or synthetic analogs of natural products were excluded. The literature survey revealed that in pre-clinical studies 27 medicinal plants and 27 natural products exhibited significant mitigation from mercury toxicity in experimental animals. Clinical investigations were not found in the literature. Admissible research in this area could lead to development of a potentially effective agent from the plant kingdom for clinical management of mercury toxicity in humans.
Assessment of the time-dependent dermatotoxicity of mechlorethamine using the mouse ear vesicant model
Authors: Cuffari Benedette J. , Tumu Hemanta C Rao , Pino Maria A. , Billack Blase
Published: October 2019

Mechlorethamine (HN2) is an alkylating agent and sulfur mustard gas mimetic which is also used in anticancer therapy. HN2 is associated with skin inflammation and blistering which can lead to secondary infections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the time-dependent dermatotoxicity of HN2 using the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM). To this end, our operational definition of dermatotoxicity included tissue responses to HN2 consistent with an increase in the wet weights of mouse ear punch biopsies, an increase in the morphometric thickness of H&E stained ear sections and histopathologic observations including tissue edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and vesication. The ears of male Swiss Webster mice were topically exposed to a single dose of HN2 (0.5 µmol/ear) or DMSO vehicle (5 µl/ear) or left untreated (naive). Mice were then euthanized at 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24 hr following HN2 exposure. Compared to control ears, mouse ears exposed to HN2 at all time points showed an increase in wet weights, morphometric thickness, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and signs of vesication. The incidence in tissue vesication sharply increased between 4 and 8 hr after exposure, revealing that tissue vesication is well established by 8 hr and remains elevated at 24 hr after exposure. It is noteworthy that, compared to control ears, mouse ears treated with DMSO vehicle alone also exhibited an increase in wet weights and morphometric thickness at 15 min, 1, 2 and 4 hr following treatment; however, these vehicle effects begin to subside after 4 hr. The results obtained here using the MEVM provide a more holistic understanding of the kinetics of vesication, and indicate that time points earlier than 24 hr may prove useful not only for investigating the complex mechanisms involved in vesication but also for assessing the effects of vesicant countermeasures.
Antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of toxic cyanobacterial extracts
Authors: Andeden Enver Ersoy , Ozturk Sahlan , Aslim Belma
Published: October 2019

Cyanobacteria are the rich resource of various secondary metabolites including toxins with broad pharmaceutical significance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of cyanobacterial extracts containing Microcystin-LR (MCLR) in vitro. ELISA analysis results showed that MCLR contents of five cyanobacterial extracts were 2.07 ng/mL, 1.43 ng/mL, 1.41 ng/mL, 1.27 ng/mL, and 1.12 ng/mL for Leptolyngbya sp. SB1, Phormidium sp. SB4, Oscillatoria earlei SB5, Phormidium sp. SB2, Uncultured cyanobacterium, respectively. Phormidium sp. SB4 and Phormidium sp. SB2 extracts had the lowest neurotoxicity (86% and 79% cell viability, respectively) and Oscillatoria earlei SB5 extracts had the highest neurotoxicity (47% cell viability) on PC12 cell at 1000 µg/ml extract concentration. Leptolyngbya sp. SB1 and Phormidium sp. SB2 showed the highest antiproliferative effect (92% and 77% cell death) on HT29 cell. On the other hand, all concentrations of five toxic cyanobacterial extracts induced DNA damage between 3.0% and 1.3% of tail intensity and did not cause any direct mutagenic effect at the 1000 µg/plate cyanobacterial extracts. These results suggest that cyanobacteria-derived MCLR is a promising candidate for development of effective agents against colon cancer.
Novel pentacyclic triterpene isolated from seeds of Euryale Ferox Salisb. ameliorates diabetes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Khan Mohd. Ibrahim , Sharma Manju , Khan Mohd. Faiyaz
Published: October 2019

The present research was carried out to study the effect of 2β-hydroxybetulinic acid 3β-oleiate (HBAO), a novel compound isolated from the seeds of Euryale ferox salisb. on glycemic control, antioxidant status and histopathological morphological alterations in the liver, pancreas, kidney and heart in streptozotocin induced type-2 diabetes in rats. HBAO was isolated from the seeds of Euryale ferox salisb. according to Lee. Isolation of the active principle HBAO was performed for the first time. To date there are no reports on the isolation and evaluation of 2β-hydroxybetulinic acid 3β-oleiate (HBAO) from Euryale ferox salisb. Assessment of different biochemical parameters like the effect of HBAO on glycemic control, plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1-6-biphosphatase, hepatic hexokinase, lipid profile, antioxidant marker and histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney examination was done at the end of the experimentation, i.e. on day 45. HBAO exhibited remarkable improvement in glycemic control, lipid levels, plasma insulin, glycogenic liver enzymes and antioxidant activity in diabetic rats, along with progressive enhancement of distortive histopathological morphology of liver, pancreas and kidney. The results strongly suggest that HBAO could be a potential therapeutic agent in diabetes.
Impact of quercetin on tight junctional proteins and BDNF signaling molecules in hippocampus of PCBs-exposed rats
Authors: Selvakumar Kandaswamy , Bavithra Senthamilselvan , Krishnamoorthy Gunasekaran , Arunakaran Jagadeesan
Published: October 2019

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) consist of a range of toxic substances which are directly proportional to carcinogenesis and tumor-promoting factors as well as having neurotoxic properties. Reactive oxygen species, which are produced from PCBs, alter blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, which is paralleled by cytoskeletal rearrangements and redistribution and disappearance of tight junction proteins (TJPs) like claudin-5 and occludin. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), plays an important role in the maintenance, survival of neurons and synaptic plasticity. It is predominant in the hippocampal areas vital to learning, memory and higher thinking. Quercetin, a flavonoid, had drawn attention to its neurodefensive property. The study is to assess the role of quercetin on serum PCB, estradiol and testosterone levels and mRNA expressions of estrogen receptor α and β, TJPs and BDNF signaling molecules on the hippocampus of PCBs-exposed rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 each. Group I rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered corn oil (vehicle). Group II received quercetin 50 mg/kg/bwt (gavage). Group III received PCBs (Aroclor 1254) at 2 mg/kg bwt (i.p). Group IV received quercetin 50 mg/kg bwt (gavage) simultaneously with PCBs 2 mg/kg bwt (i.p.). The treatment was given daily for 30 days. The rats were euthanized 24 h after the experimental period. Blood was collected for quantification of serum PCBs estradiol and testosterone. The hippocampus was dissected and processed for PCR and Western blot; serum PCB was observed in PCB treated animals, simultaneously quercetin treated animals showed PCB metabolites. Serum testosterone and estradiol were decreased after PCB exposure. Quercetin supplementation brought back normal levels. mRNA expressions of estrogen α and β were decreased in the hippocampus of PCB treated rats. TJPS and BDNF signalling molecules were decreased in hippocampus of PCB treated rats. Quercetin supplementation retrieved all the parameters. Quercetin alone treated animals showed no alteration. Thus in PCB caused neurotoxicity, quercetin protects and prevents neuronal damage in the hippocampus.
Measurement of melamine migration from melamine-ware products by designed HPLC method and the effect of food-type on the level of migration
Authors: Haghi Ehsan , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Shakoori Attaollah , Razeghi Fariba , Sadighara Parisa
Published: October 2019

Melamine-ware is widely used around the world. There is a public health concern as regards the safety of melamine when exposed to food. This study was carried out to measure the level of melamine migration in melamine-ware products by HPLC method and the effect of food-type on the level of melamine migration. In food control laboratories in Iran, there is no common method to measure and monitor melamine migration, hence a method using HPLC technique was adopted and validated to solve this problem. The validation results showed the reliability with 94.9% accuracy and 95.3% precision. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.145 and 0.435 µg/ml, which for a new method were within acceptable ranges. Melamine migrations from 4 most available melamine wares were measured. Distilled water, 3% acetic acid and 15% ethanol were used as food simulant at 30 °C for 90 min. Although melamine migration occurred in all samples and acidic conditions had a significant effect, the values were not higher than the European standard (30 µg/ml). The study revealed that the HPLC method was valid and could be applied and developed to measure melamine migration. However, precautions should be considered while choosing melamine-ware utensil as long-term exposure to this substance has a negative effect on health, especially on the kidneys.
Alteration in MDA, GSH level and hematological changes due to thiamine deficiency in Mus musculus
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Bist Renu
Published: October 2019

It is known that thiamine deficiency may lead to Alzheimer’s diseases in humans. The present study has thus been conducted to understand the role of thiamine deficiency with respect to alteration in the peripheral blood of Swiss albino mice. For this purpose, adult Swiss albino mice (6–8 week old) were divided into three groups. The first group was control; the second (group II) and the third group (group III) were made thiamine deficient for 08 and 10 days respectively. Thiamine deficiency was induced in mice by injecting pyrithiamine (5 µg/10 g bwt) and feeding a thiamine deficient diet. The erythrocytes, leukocytes count, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mass cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin in blood of mice were determined by hematoanalyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also determined in serum of treated and non-treated groups. A significant reduction in leukocyte and erythrocyte count was observed in both the thiamine deficient groups as compared to control. Levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit value were also declined in the thiamine deficient groups. Enhancement in mass cell volume (MCV) level and decline in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels were observed in both thiamine deficient groups with respect to control. Inter-group comparison of all parameters also showed a significant value at p<0.01. In comparison with the control group, elevation in MDA and decline in GSH level was observed in both thiamine deficient groups which were statistically significant. These data indicate that thiamine deficiency leads to significant alterations in the hematological parameters as well as in MDA and GSH level.
Lyapunov Function based Criteria for Ship Rolling in Random Beam Seas
Authors: Üçer Erdem
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to present a Lyapunov function which can be used to derive an intact stability criterion for a ship in random beam seas. First, the mathematical model of the rolling motion of ships in random beam seas is introduced. The random wave excitation is described by a spectrum which is depended on the wave energy spectrum and the amplitude of the moment of roll. This spectrum is generated by a second order linear filter. Second, the methodology of creating a Lyapunov function is explained briefly. Then, there is outlined the way by which Lyapunov function can be used as the intact stability criterion for a ship. The proposed criterion is derived by considering the weather criteria for German naval vessels. Finally, the coherence of the boundary of safe basin obtained by Lyapunov function with the numerical results obtained by Euler-Maruyama Method is presented. From the results it can be deduced that the Lyapunov function can be used to define an intact stability criterion.
Analysis and Experiments of Embedded Gripping Mechanism Used in Large-scale Tools Holding Up Pile Foundation in Ocean
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Bo , Wang Tao
Published: October 2019

With the rapid development of the marine economy and continuous improvement of the industry, the scale of the offshore engineering is increasing. This raises interest in studying, theoretically and experimentally, gripping and bearing mechanisms for large-scale holding and lifting tools used in foundation pile installations. In this paper, the embedded gripping mechanism is studied based on the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics. The embedded and bearing performance of the tooth is simulated and the influence factors are studied. In addition, the device used in the simplified embedded experiment on the tooth of the embedded block is designed. The relationship between embedded depth, load, and tooth profile angle is identified and validated. Meanwhile, the embedded performance of linear and ring type teeth is compared experimentally in order to select the suitable type of tooth for various situations. This comparison makes the basis for designing an upending gripper for the marine pile foundation, which can realize the operation of holding the pile to prevent its falling.
A Concept Design of Diesel – Hydraulic Propulsion System for Passenger Ship Intended for Inland Shallow Water Navigation
Authors: Dymarski Czesław
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an analysis of environmental and technical conditions necessary for working out a possibly most favourable propulsion system for a two – segment passenger ship intended for navigation between Berlin and Kaliningrad. There are presented various types of propulsion systems for small ships as well as analyzed their possible applications and consequences. In this work there were taken into account system’s reliability, efficiency, dimensions, mass and costs of manufacturing, assembling and possible replacing the system components as well as an impact on maneuverability and natural environment. With taking into account the above mentioned criteria it was finally found that the diesel-hydraulic system fitted with two azimuthal ducted solid propellers is the most favourable. There are also presented a schematic propulsion and control diagram, three-dimensional arrangement drawing of system components as well as assembly drawing of the designed azimuthal propulsion system.
Energy Loss Coefficients ki
in a Displacement Pump and Hydraulic Motor used in Hydrostatic Drives
Authors: Maczyszyn Agnieszka
Published: October 2019

The article aims at defining and analysing the energy loss coefficients in design solutions of rotating displacement machines, with a piston machine as an example. The energy losses observed in these machines include mechanical loss, volumetric loss, and pressure loss. The scale and relations between these losses in different machines depend on machine design and manufacturing quality, and on operating parameters. The operating parameters, in turn, which affect directly or indirectly the above losses depend on whether the machine works in pump or hydraulic motor regime. The article is also a contribution to the development of a library of ki coefficients which define the losses in displacement machines, as the knowledge about these coefficients makes it possible to assess fast and easily the energy efficiency of a machine or drive system at each point of its working area.
Dynamic Characteristic Study of Riser with Complex Pre-stress Distribution
Authors: Chen Luyun , Yi Hong
Published: October 2019

In this study, the dynamic characteristic problem of riser structure with complex pre-stress distribution is investigated. At first, the differential equation of the riser structure with complex pre-stress distribution is derived. The analytical expression of the free vibration of a riser structure with complex pre-stress distribution is discussed by using the orthogonal property of the trigonometric series. A top-tensioned riser (TTR) for example, the influences of the amplitude and direction of complex pre-stress on natural frequency and mode shape characteristics are compared. This study provides a new method for addressing the riser structure response problem with complex loading.
The Energy Efficiency Gap in Turkish Maritime Transportation
Authors: Konur Olgun , Bayraktar Murat , Pamik Murat , Kuleyin Barış , Nuran Mustafa
Published: October 2019

The Turkish Merchant Shipping Industry has recently witnessed an increasing awareness of the importance to minimize environmental pollution and fuel oil consumption. Together with certain non-governmental organizations and media concerns about environmental protection, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been strict on controlling undesirable effects on the environment and, consequently, forcing shipping companies to minimize their emissions. Besides, today’s highly advanced technology companies over the world have developed various innovative systems that can be utilized to minimize carbon emission, thus giving assurance to relevant investors that their investments are most likely to turn out well with a considerable financial gain in the short or long term. Despite all such favorable developments, in a general look, shipping companies seem reluctant in making use of technologies providing efficiency in energy consumption. This reluctance has eventually brought about the term “Energy Efficiency Gap”. This research conducts a questionnaire, created by Acciaro et al. [1], among the shipping companies in Turkey. 20 respondent companies, who represent 26 percent of the Turkish owned merchant marine fleet of over 1000 gross tonnage in terms of deadweight cargo capacity, participated in the research. The Pearson correlation analysis was used, and interpretations were made according to the obtained statistical values. The aim of the research was to identify reasons and points restraining the use of new technologies regarding energy efficiency, as well as to develop proposals for the innovators in this field about how to overcome this handicap concerning technical and managerial aspects of gaining energy efficiency.
Ship Maneuvering Prediction Using Grey Box Framework via Adaptive RM-SVM with Minor Rudder
Authors: Mei Bin , Sun Licheng , Shi Guoyou , Liu Xiaodong
Published: October 2019

A grey box framework is applied to model ship maneuvering by using a reference model (RM) and a support vector machine (SVM) (RM-SVM). First, the nonlinear characteristics of the target ship are determined using the RM and the similarity rule. Then, the linear SVM adaptively fits the errors between acceleration variables of RM and target ship. Finally, the accelerations of the target ship are predicted using RM and linear SVM. The parameters of the RM are known and conveniently acquired, thus avoiding the modeling process. The SVM has the advantages of fast training, quick simulation, and no overfitting. Testing and validation are conducted using the ship model test data. The test case reveals the practicability of the RF-SVM based modeling method, while the validation cases confirm the generalization ability of the grey box framework.