bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 10 from Concurrent Targeting of HDAC and PI3K to Overcome Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Castration-resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers
Authors: Zhang Ailin , Lau Nathan A. , Wong Alicia , Brown Lisha G. , Coleman Ilsa M. , De Sarkar Navonil , Li Dapei , DeLucia Diana C. , Labrecque Mark P. , Nguyen Holly M. , Conner Jennifer L. , Dumpit Ruth F. , True Lawrence D. , Lin Daniel W. , Corey Eva , Alumkal Joshi J. , Nelson Peter S. , Morrissey Colm , Lee John K.
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Figure 10. Histone deacetylase activity is enriched in NEPC and inhibited by romidepsin.
FIGURE 1 from Concurrent Targeting of HDAC and PI3K to Overcome Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Castration-resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers
Authors: Zhang Ailin , Lau Nathan A. , Wong Alicia , Brown Lisha G. , Coleman Ilsa M. , De Sarkar Navonil , Li Dapei , DeLucia Diana C. , Labrecque Mark P. , Nguyen Holly M. , Conner Jennifer L. , Dumpit Ruth F. , True Lawrence D. , Lin Daniel W. , Corey Eva , Alumkal Joshi J. , Nelson Peter S. , Morrissey Colm , Lee John K.
Published: November 2023

Fimepinostat demonstrates broad antiproliferative activity across prostate cancer cell line models and is associated with downregulation of AR and Myc expression and G2–M cell-cycle arrest. A, Fimepinostat dose–response curves for prostate cancer (AR+: 22Rv1, VCaP, LNCaP95, LNCaP, and LAPC4; AR−/NE−: DU145 and PC3; NE+: MSKCC EF1 and NCI-H660) and benign prostate epithelial (RWPE-1 and HPrEC) cell lines treated for 96 hours with cell viability normalized to DMSO control. Immunoblot analyses of the 22Rv1 and LNCaP95 cell lines treated with 0.1% DMSO or 1 µmol/L fimepinostat over a time course to assess markers of apoptotic cell death (B); the VCaP, 22Rv1, and LNCaP95 cell lines after 24 hours of treatment with DMSO control or increasing doses of fimepinostat to evaluate for on-target activity (Ac-H3) and effects on AR, GR, Myc, and AKT (C); and the 22Rv1 and LNCaP95 cell lines treated with 1 µmol/L fimepinostat over a time course to investigate the kinetics of effects on AR and Myc expression (D). E, DNA cell-cycle analysis plots of 22Rv1 and LNCaP95 cells after 24 hours of treatment with 0.1% DMSO (red) or 1 µmol/L fimepinostat (blot). F, Immunoblot analyses of the 22Rv1 and LNCaP95 cell lines treated with 0.1% DMSO or 1 µmol/L fimepinostat over a time course to determine the expression and activity of cell-cycle regulators.
Responses of Simulated Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds to Parameterized Ice Particle Shape
Authors: Ong Chia Rui , Koike Makoto , Hashino Tempei , Miura Hiroaki
Published: November 2023

In simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, cloud persistence and the liquid water path (LWP) are sensitive to ice particle number concentrations. Here, we explore sensitivities of cloud microphysical properties to the dominant ice particle shape (dendrites, plates, columns, or spheres) using the SCALE-AMPS large-eddy simulation model. AMPS is a bin microphysics scheme that predicts particle shapes based on the inherent growth ratio (IGR) of spheroids, which determines vapor depositional growth rates along the a and c axes, and the rimed and aggregate mass fractions. We examine the impacts of various IGR values on simulations of clouds observed during the M-PACE and SHEBA experiments. Under M-PACE (SHEBA) conditions, LWP varies between 49 (1.1) and 230 (6.7) g m−2, and the ice water path (IWP) varies between 3 (0.03) and 40 (0.12) g m−2, depending on the ice shape. The lowest LWP and the highest IWP are obtained when columnar particles dominate because their low terminal velocities and large capacitance and collisional area result in large vapor deposition and riming rates, whereas the highest LWP and lowest IWP are obtained when spherical particles dominate because their vapor deposition and riming rates are low. Because ice particle shape significantly influences simulated Arctic mixed-phase clouds, reliable simulations require accurately estimated IGR values under various atmospheric conditions. Finally, comparisons between the simulation results and observations show that the size distribution larger than 2000 μm is better reproduced when the increase in rimed mass that causes ice particles to become spherical is suppressed.

Significance Statement

Atmospheric models have difficulties in reproducing Arctic mixed-phase clouds because of uncertainties in the parameterization of microphysical processes. This is the first study to use a large-eddy simulation model implemented with a habit-predicting bin microphysics scheme to demonstrate the important role of ice particle shape on the microphysical properties of both heavy-riming and no-riming mixed-phase clouds. We found the vapor deposition and riming rates to be greatly influenced by ice particle shape. By comparing the ice particle size distribution, mass–diameter relationship, and area ratio between simulation results and observations, we show that a hexagonal ice shape model and a riming model that simply converts ice crystals to graupel may not accurately reproduce actual heavy-riming clouds.
Atmospheric Gravity Waves: Processes and Parameterization
Authors: Achatz Ulrich , Alexander M. Joan , Becker Erich , Chun Hye-Yeong , Dörnbrack Andreas , Holt Laura , Plougonven Riwal , Polichtchouk Inna , Sato Kaoru , Sheshadri Aditi , Stephan Claudia Christine , van Niekerk Annelize , Wright Corwin J.
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric predictability from subseasonal to seasonal time scales and climate variability are both influenced critically by gravity waves (GW). The quality of regional and global numerical models relies on thorough understanding of GW dynamics and its interplay with chemistry, precipitation, clouds, and climate across many scales. For the foreseeable future, GWs and many other relevant processes will remain partly unresolved, and models will continue to rely on parameterizations. Recent model intercomparisons and studies show that present-day GW parameterizations do not accurately represent GW processes. These shortcomings introduce uncertainties, among others, in predicting the effects of climate change on important modes of variability. However, the last decade has produced new data and advances in theoretical and numerical developments that promise to improve the situation. This review gives a survey of these developments, discusses the present status of GW parameterizations, and formulates recommendations on how to proceed from there.
Sensitivity of Internal-Tide Generation to Stratification and Its Implication for Deep Overturning Circulations
Authors: Lüschow Veit , von Storch Jin-Song
Published: November 2023

The simple scaling relation for internal-tide generation proposed by Jayne and St. Laurent is widely used for parameterizing turbulent mixing induced by breaking of internal tides. Based on the internal-tide generation derived from a 0.1° ocean general circulation model, we show that depending on which stratification is used, this relation produces different vertical distributions of internal-tide generation. When using the buoyancy frequency at the seafloor, which is a common practice, the scaling relation produces, relative to the model, too-strong internal-tide generation in the upper 2000 m and too-weak internal-tide generation in the lower 2000 m. Moreover, the different vertical distributions in the different ocean basins, characterized by a generally decreasing internal tide generation with increasing depth in the Indo-Pacific but not-decreasing or even increasing internal tide generation with increasing depth in the upper 3000 m of the Atlantic, cannot be captured when using bottom stratification. These unsatisfactory features can be easily removed by replacing the buoyancy frequency at the seafloor by a buoyancy frequency averaged over a large part of the water column. To our knowledge, this sensitivity to stratification has not been explicitly quantified for the global ocean. Because of this sensitivity, the scaling relation of Jayne and St. Laurent should be used with an averaged stratification to ensure a more adequate representation of turbulent diffusivity due to tidal mixing and water mass transformation in the deep oceans.
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injury: Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Gomez Giselle I. , Li Guan Q. , Valido Austin A. , Stoner Austin J. , Bromley-Dulfano Rebecca A. , Sheira Dina , Gonzalez Cayo A. , Khan Suleman I. , Choi Jeff , Zygourakis Corinna C. , Weiser Thomas G.
Published: November 2023

Background

Traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Targeted for non-spine specialist trauma surgeons, this systematic scoping review aimed to examine literature for up-to-date evidence on presentation, management, and outcomes of thoracolumbar spine injuries in adult trauma patients.

Methods

This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. We searched four bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included experimental, observational, and evidence-synthesis articles evaluating patients with thoracic, lumbar, or thoracolumbar spine injury, published in English between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2021. Studies which focused on animals, cadavers, cohorts with N <30, and pediatric cohorts (age <18 years old), as well as case studies, abstracts, and commentaries were excluded.

Results

A total of 2501 studies were screened, of which 326 unique studies were fully text reviewed and twelve aspects of injury management were identified and discussed: injury patterns, determination of injury status and imaging options, considerations in management, and patient quality of life. We found: (1) imaging is a necessary diagnostic tool, (2) no consensus exists for preferred injury characterization scoring systems, (3) operative management should be considered for unstable fractures, decompression, and deformity, and (4) certain patients experience significant burden following injury.

Discussion

In this systematic scoping review, we present the most up-to-date information regarding the management of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries. This allows non-specialist trauma surgeons to become more familiar with thoracolumbar spine injuries in trauma patients and provides a framework for their management.
The Nonviolently Violent God: Humanity’s Peace, Divine Violence, and Advent Hope
Authors: Reese Grosfeld Kristoff
Published: November 2023

Peace-talk is incoherent because we do not have one definition of the word “peace.” Everyone has different understandings of this term, and thus we cannot help but selfishly impose our understandings of peace onto someone else’s understandings of peace. With the help of Augustine of Hippo, we underscore this issue through an analysis of disordered desire; in addition, with the help of French theorist René Girard and his theory of mimesis (which very much has an Augustinian flavor in terms of its low theological anthropology), we emphasize how humanity cannot help but disorder even the noblest of endeavors such as just peacemaking. Therefore, this essay argues that humanity’s peace presents a mimetical trap that needs to be broken from above via a divine disruption that is simultaneously violent and nonviolent.
Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ayas Suzan , Donmez Birsen , Tang Xing
Published: November 2023

Objective

To explore the scope of available research and to identify research gaps on in-vehicle interventions for drowsiness that utilize driver monitoring systems (DMS).

Background

DMS are gaining popularity as a countermeasure against drowsiness. However, how these systems can be best utilized to guide driver attention is unclear.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted in adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases (ACM Digital Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, TRID, and SAE Mobilus) were systematically searched in April 2022. Original studies examining in-vehicle drowsiness interventions that use DMS in a driving context (e.g., driving simulator and driver interviews) passed the screening. Data on study details, state detection methods, and interventions were extracted.

Results

Twenty studies qualified for inclusion. Majority of interventions involved warnings ( n = 16) with an auditory component ( n = 14). Feedback displays ( n = 4) and automation takeover ( n = 4) were also investigated. Multistage interventions ( n = 12) first cautioned the driver, then urged them to take an action, or initiated an automation takeover. Overall, interventions had a positive impact on sleepiness levels, driving performance, and user evaluations. Whether interventions effective for one type of sleepiness (e.g., passive vs. active fatigue) will perform well for another type is unclear.

Conclusion

Literature mainly focused on developing sensors and improving the accuracy of DMS, but not on the driver interactions with these technologies. More intervention studies are needed in general and for investigating their long-term effects.

Application

We list gaps and limitations in the DMS literature to guide researchers and practitioners in designing and evaluating effective safety systems for drowsy driving.
Association between religiosity/spirituality and substance use among homeless individuals
Authors: Vitorino Luciano Magalhães , Tostes Jorge Gelvane , Ferreira Júlio César Lima , de Oliveira Luiz Aurelio Gazzola , Possetti João Gabriel , Silva Marcelo Teixeira , Guimarães Mário Vicente Campos , Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe , Lucchetti Giancarlo
Published: November 2023

Background:

Alcohol and illicit drug use are prevalent among homeless people. Religiosity and spirituality (RS) have been widely associated with lower consumption of substances. However, evidence of this relationship among homeless people is still scarce.

Aims:

To evaluate the associations between RS and alcohol and illicit drug consumption among homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in São Paulo city, Brazil. Aspects such as spirituality (FACIT-Sp12), religiosity (DUREL), spiritual-religious coping (Brief-RCOPE), and self-report questions concerning the current substance use (alcohol and illicit substances) were evaluated. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of RS beliefs on alcohol and illicit drug consumption.

Results:

A total of 456 homeless people were included, of an average age of 44.5 ( SD = 12.6) years. More than half of the participants consumed alcohol (55.7%) weekly and 34.2% used illicit drugs weekly. Adjusted logistic regression models identified that aspects of RS were associated with lower likelihood factors for alcohol and illicit drug use; conversely, negative spiritual religious coping (SRC) strategies were associated with a higher likelihood to use both.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among participants was high. RS and positive SRC were important protective factors for lower consumption of these substances. Conversely, negative SRC strategies were associated with risk factors.
Assessing the Role of Spatial Inequality in Transfer Student Success
Authors: Worsham Rachel E. , Whatley Melissa , Crain Andrew , Deal Sarah , Skinner Benjamin T.
Published: November 2023

Objective: Vertical community college transfer has become an essential pathway for many students who hope to attain bachelor’s degrees. Prior literature indicates that institutional supports, like transfer articulation agreements and transfer advising, have a positive influence on transfer success. Yet, spatial inequality theory indicates that these resources may be distributed unevenly over geographic context. The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between spatial context and transfer student success. Methods: Using data from the University of North Carolina System, we estimate a series of regression models, to determine the relationship between county-level measures of rurality, economic distress, and access to broadband internet and the number of credits transferred from the community college to the 4-year institution, excess credits at graduation, and number of major changes at 4-year colleges. Results: The results of our analyses indicate that that the spatial context in which colleges are situated has a relationship to transfer student success. In particular, students transferring from counties that are more rural and economically distressed and have less access to broadband internet may experience worse transfer outcomes. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that spatial inequality is complex and can be defined in many ways, which has implications for those who use geographic boundaries to identify areas for inquiry or intervention. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of considering variation in resources across spatial context when addressing educational inequality. Further study is necessary to understand the mechanisms driving our results, as well as other ways to measure spatial inequality.
What Is Minimalist Governance?*
Authors: Ouyang Jing
Published: November 2023

“Informality” and “semiformality” are the primary characteristics of minimalist governance. The operation of minimalist governance assumes a boundary between state and society and some amount of autonomous space between them at the ground level. Whether in a traditional or modern form, minimalist governance stands in contrast to the formal, hierarchical bureaucracy of the state. Minimalism is a pragmatic approach to governance tailored to local conditions, a form of semiformal or informal government that emphasizes operational effectiveness over elaborate bureaucratic procedures. Since minimalist governance does not rely entirely on the hierarchical power of the state apparatus, this semiformal approach is simple and effective, hence its “minimalist” appearance. The key to solving the problem of formalism at the basic level of government lies in managing the relationship between “a thousand threads above” and “a single needle below.” Autonomy and self-governance must be granted to the basic level of the government so that party committees may fulfill their integrative political functions and their role in minimalist governance. Ultimately, this will allow the “needle” of grassroots organizations to connect with “a thousand threads above” while also penetrating deeply into local society. There is significant practical and theoretical importance in understanding the uniqueness of Chinese-style modernization, and the modernization of rural governance, from the perspective of “social foundations,” but to achieve this Chinese-style modernization we must learn from the West and from China’s own traditional and contemporary experiences.
Serbian Energy Sector in a Gap Between East and West
Authors: Brkić Dejan
Published: November 2023

Serbia's energy sector is heavily reliant on Russian influence. On the other hand, Serbia's status as a candidate country for joining the European Union (EU) membership requires active working toward diversifying energy sources of supply. In the past decade, Serbia has secured a reduced price for natural gas through a bilateral agreement with Russia, addressing the shortfall in its domestic production. The former agreement priced Russian gas at US$270 per thousand cubic meters and expired in 2021. The new deal links gas prices to crude oil and ranges between US$310 and US$408, maintaining its competitive position as one of Europe's lowest import prices. Furthermore, alongside the new gas pipeline for Russian gas exports, the EU is funding the construction of a new interconnector, both with entry points from Bulgaria. Serbia also faces significant dependence on crude oil, and this reliance is compounded by the inability to import it from Russia any longer. Opposite, Serbia is usually self-sufficient in electricity production which still remains under state ownership. The domestic exploration and processing of oil and gas, as well as the sole underground gas storage facility in Serbia, have partial ownership by Russian Gazprom while the transportation of gas is under the full control of the Serbian government. This Communication about the energy situation in the Republic of Serbia put particular emphasis on the evolving political dynamics in the global energy market with a specific focus on the Russia–Ukraine war. The topic is also linked to the contentious status of the southern Serbian autonomous province, recognized as an independent state by the majority of Western nations but not by Serbia. It is feared that Serbia's energy dependence on Russia could have significant ramifications for its EU candidacy.
Modularity, Adaptation Problems, and the Governance and Problem-Solving Capabilities of Core Firms in Ecosystems
Authors: Schmidt Jens , Foss Nicolai J.
Published: November 2023

Building on transaction cost economics and the literature on capabilities, we provide a new, integrative lens on core firms in ecosystems. Specifically, we characterize ecosystems with core firms as a hybrid governance structure and describe the externally-oriented capabilities of core firms as means to reduce ecosystem-level transaction costs. The starting point for our analysis is the identification of three adaptation problems that stem from limitations to modularity in ecosystems (interoperability, customization, and availability), and we argue that each is associated with observable characteristics of the technology prevalent in an ecosystem. Thus, the core firm's externally-oriented capabilities are geared towards solving the respective adaptation problems. We further distinguish between governance capabilities, which serve to influence other ecosystem participants in ways that mitigate the above-mentioned adaptation problems, and problem-focused capabilities, which are targeted at making sure that adaptation problems are solved or do not arise in the first place. Overall, our focus on adaptation problems and transaction costs allows us to provide a theoretically unified view on core firms in ecosystems while simultaneously showing how their capabilities systematically differ in different types of ecosystems.
Psychological Health Among Older Adults During and After Quarantine: A Multi-Method Study
Authors: Durante Angela , Klompstra Leonie , Cezón-Serrano Natalia , Deka Pallav , Arnal-Gómez Anna , Querol-Giner Felipe , Marques-Sule Elena
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Depression among older adults is a growing problem. With aging being a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, depression in this population may have been exacerbated. This study aimed to describe experiences and changes in depressive symptoms and well-being of older adults during and after the COVID-19 first wave in Spain.

Methods:

The study used a multi-method design. Participants self-reported depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and well-being (Cantril Ladder of Life). Participants were asked about changes in depressive symptoms or well-being during quarantine. If a change was perceived, they were asked to describe the change. In addition, the Patient Global Impression of Change scale was used. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on the data.

Results:

111 participants (mean age: 71±5 years; 76% women) completed the study. Sixty-three percent reported mild and 2% reported major depressive symptoms. Nearly half (47.7%) reported changes in depressive symptoms during the lockdown. While 37% reported feeling better during the lockdown, about 11% reported depressive symptoms were worse now compared with during the lockdown. 60% reported worsening well-being during the quarantining period. The qualitative analysis revealed 2 main themes: (1) psychological discomfort (mood deflection, fear/worries, and boredom/inactivity) and (2) social issues (inability to go out, missing family members and others).

Conclusions:

Worsening depressive symptoms and lowering of well-being were noticed in this sample of older adults during and post-COVID lockdowns. Evaluation of mental health in the primary care setting and providing referrals for mental health services is essential for older adults who experienced COVID-19-related lockdowns.
Stuart Hall and the Introduction of Althusser in Cultural Studies: A Thinker of Difference
Authors: Montenegro Vicente
Published: November 2023

This article focuses on Stuart Hall’s reading of Louis Althusser’s main theoretical works. Since the early 1970s, Hall has undertaken a critical confrontation with Althusser’s ‘structural Marxism’, rescuing those useful concepts to think cultural difference and identity, without failing to criticize his ‘superstructuralist’ interpretation of Marx. However, what Hall will retain as Althusser’s most important contribution is, above all, his theory of ideology. In this context, I follow an idea formulated by Hall that could be read as summarizing the theoretical and political scope of Althusser’s contribution to Cultural Studies: ‘he enabled me to live in and with difference’. By complicating classical interpretations schemes in the Marxist tradition, Hall’s Althusser may be read as a ‘thinker of difference’ who opens up a whole research program to reconsider class conflicts as traversed (or ‘overdetermined’) by gender, racial or colonial conflicts.
Interventions to improve the occupational performance of people with post stroke upper limb apraxia – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Purcell Sinead , Galvin Rose , Coughlan Aoibhean , O’Connor Margaret , O’Neill Aoife , Robinson Katie
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Upper limb apraxia is a post stroke disorder affecting the persons’ ability to perform everyday activities. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness of interventions on occupational performance outcomes. Method: A systematic review of literature (2000-2022) across five electronic databases was conducted. PRISMA guidelines were applied. Data were pooled using RevMan. Findings: Four studies reporting findings from three randomised controlled trials were included. The methodological quality of studies was low. Three treatment approaches were reported: (1) strategy training (2) gesture training (3) combined gesture and strategy training. Strategy training alone or in combination with gesture training was significantly more effective than control interventions in improving occupational performance scores (FEM, mean difference: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: −6.01–8.16, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: This review provides low quality evidence to support the use of strategy training alone, or in combination with gesture training, by Occupational Therapists to improve occupational performance and apraxia scores post intervention among people with post stroke upper limb apraxia.
Experiences of ‘virtual’ occupational therapy service delivery in Wales
Authors: Ingham Laura , Burke Jan , Purcell Catherine
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

COVID-19 accelerated the implementation of virtual working at pace, which carries the risk of missed opportunities for shared learning across organisations and services. This study therefore investigated the experiences of ‘virtual working’ among occupational therapy (OT) staff and students in Wales. The objectives were to establish the meaning of virtual working for occupational therapists (OTs), identify the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the technologies used to support virtual working and explore the specific contextual factors that impact on service delivery.

Method:

An online questionnaire was completed by 191 registered and unregistered OT staff and students working in Wales, and 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a convergent mixed methods design.

Results and Findings:

The questionnaire data confirmed that the use of virtual working has increased and impacts all areas of service delivery. The semi-structured interviews identified three themes: the art of OT, keeping doors open and looking forward.

Conclusion:

Virtual working can improve access to services, but one size does not fit all and its use in person centred care should be carefully considered. Virtual working should not compromise high quality service provision and the risks of virtual working to staff’s mental and physical health needs to be considered.
Observing coastal wetland transitions using national land cover products
Authors: Enwright Nicholas M , Osland Michael J , Thorne Karen M , Guntenspergen Glenn R , Grace James B , Steyer Greg D , Herold Nate , Chivoiu Bogdan , Han Minoo
Published: November 2023

Over the coming century, climate change and sea-level rise are predicted to cause widespread change to coastal wetlands. Estuarine vegetated wetlands can adapt to sea-level rise through both vertical development (i.e., biophysical feedbacks and sedimentation) and upslope/horizontal migration. Quantifying changes to estuarine vegetated wetlands over time can help to inform current and future decisions regarding land management and resource stewardship. In this study, we show how coastal land cover maps readily available in the US can be used to assess and understand estuarine vegetated wetland changes. This assessment involves two steps: (1) identifying the net gain/loss of estuarine vegetated wetlands and (2) determining which land cover types contribute to the net gain/loss. From this information, we developed estuarine vegetated wetland change scenarios that evaluate whether estuarine vegetated wetland gain kept up with loss and whether the contribution was from: (1) estuarine vegetated wetland migration or tidal restoration; (2) land building (i.e., development); or (3) both. We assessed changes from 1996 to 2016 for: (1) the conterminous US; (2) each major US coastline; and (3) focal estuaries with the most change per coast. We found that the change scenario (1, 2, or 3) varied across coastlines. Moving forward, national coastal land cover programs can be informed by utilizing methodologies that leverage contemporary information for delineating the estuarine zone from upslope/adjacent wetlands. We highlight approaches that could be used to address this challenge and provide complementary information related to wetland condition changes.
Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Airport Roadway Traffic Sign System
Authors: Liu Xiangmin , Zhao Xiaohua , Li Jia , Liu Yibing , Dong Wenhui
Published: November 2023

The airport road traffic sign system is essential for drivers to find their destinations. However, no comprehensive design standards have been established for airport roadway traffic signs in China. An airport roadway traffic sign system was designed based on the Chinese Road Traffic Signs and Markings standard (GB5768-2009), called scheme 1. A second sign system was established using international standards and following drivers’ recognition, sign information hierarchy, called scheme 2. The Airport Roadway Traffic Sign System Evaluation Method (ARTSSEM) was established to evaluate the effectiveness of the airport roadway traffic sign system. This method includes a goal layer, a method layer, an indicator layer, and a comprehensive evaluation layer. We obtained drivers’ driving behavior data from the driving simulation. The subjects drove at a lower and more stable average speed in scheme 2 (63.71 ± 3.91) than in scheme 1 (65.89 ± 4.81). An ergonomic model that considers the sign system’s information demand, information comprehension, and information volume (DCI) was established and evaluated using subjective experiments. Scheme 2 provided a higher DCI score (0.46) than scheme 1 (0.17). The performance of the sign systems was comprehensively evaluated using the fuzzy evaluation method to evaluate the driving behavior, wayfinding performance, and ergonomics of the sign system. Scheme 2 (76.13) had a higher score than scheme 1 (74.13). The results revealed that scheme 2 performed better than scheme 1. The effectiveness of ARTSSEM was verified by the case study of the Daxing Airport signage system. This study provides a general approach to designing and evaluating other sign systems.
Male reproductive hormone disorders among copper smelter workers
Authors: Samir Aisha M , Korany Ahmed M , Foaad Hisham , Manawil Marie
Published: November 2023

Male workers in copper smelting are exposed to copper, lead, and arsenic. This study aimed to assess the effects of combined exposure to these metals on male reproductive hormone levels and assesses malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress parameter. The study was conducted on 40 copper smelter workers compared with 40 non-exposed workers. Laboratory investigations included levels of serum copper, blood lead, serum arsenic, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and MDA. Levels of copper, arsenic, lead, FSH, and LH were significantly increased compared to controls. However, a statistically significant decrease in the mean value of testosterone was found among exposed workers. Positive correlations between serum copper and both serum FSH and MDA levels were statistically significant as were correlations between serum arsenic and MDA levels. Testosterone levels showed significant negative correlations with both copper and arsenic among exposed workers. A linear regression model of copper, arsenic, and lead levels as independent variables with FSH, LH, and testosterone as dependent variables revealed a significant negative association between serum copper and testosterone levels. The current study concluded that combined exposure to copper, arsenic, and lead in secondary copper smelters had a negative impact on male reproductive hormone levels that may be mediated by oxidative stress.
(No) Oral Health in Palliative Care Patients: Predisposing Factors and Treatment
Authors: Martins Maria de Lurdes da Costa , Barros Cláudia Gaspar Dias de
Published: November 2023

Objective

To describe mouth disorders in patients undergoing palliative care (PC); to identify predisposing factors for oral disorders and pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies.

Methods

Observational, exploratory, correlational, and descriptive study about mouth disorders of patients admitted to a hospital specializing in PC in Portugal, between November 6, 2019, and July 31, 2020. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire and the consultation of the patient's clinical file. It was obtained the previous authorization of the ethics committee and the patient's informed consent. Data were analyzed using the SPSS® software (V.26).

Results

The sample was 46, 56.52% were over 71 years old, and the male sex ratio of 63.04%. Most of the patients had an advanced oncological disease, were polymedicated, had missing teeth, and no regular hygiene habits. Xerostomia and oral candidiasis were the most identified problems. Patients with oncological diseases have more probability to suffer from mouth disorders ( P = .047), compared to noncancer patients. Patients with frequent oral hygiene have fewer mouth disorders (rp = −0.304; P = .040). There is a considerable improvement in the tongue coating with an increase in oral hygiene ( P = .005). Mouth care plays is important in patient comfort (n = 45; 97.83%) and nonpharmacological strategies are effective for the relief of xerostomia (n = 35; 94.59%).

Conclusions

Nonpharmacological strategies are effective in the treatment of xerostomia and tongue coating. More information to determine the effectiveness of the strategies in the treatment of mouth disorders is necessary.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Astrocytopathy: An Emerging Cause of Meningoencephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Uppal Prayerna , Smith Jacklyn , Castillo-Pinto Carlos , Wells Elizabeth M. , Jayakar Anuj , Harrar Dana
Published: November 2023

Introduction: We describe 5 children with GFAP astrocytopathy with the goal of further characterizing this rare form of meningoencephalomyelitis. Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with GFAP astrocytopathy between 2019 and 2021. Results: Patients were 8-17 years old, and all were male. Fever, headache, and vomiting were common presenting symptoms, and weakness, tremor, and ataxia were common initial examination findings. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed spinal cord abnormalities in 2 patients and leptomeningeal enhancement in 1. Most patients had cerebral spinal fluid pleocytosis, and all screened negative for malignancy. Three patients progressed to coma, and all were treated with immunosuppressant therapy. By discharge, all patients had improved over their clinical nadir, although none had returned to baseline. Discussion: GFAP astrocytopathy is a recently recognized cause of meningoencephalomyelitis in children. Here, we expand our understanding of this entity with the goal of aiding those treating children with GFAP astrocytopathy.
To Pay or Not to Pay? The Effects of Monetary Compensation on Volunteers in Sports Clubs
Authors: Dallmeyer Sören , Breuer Christoph , Feiler Svenja
Published: November 2023

Previous research has shown that monetary compensation can crowd out intrinsic motivation for various activities. However, the existing evidence regarding voluntary work is limited and has produced inconclusive findings in the past. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating how monetary compensation affects the supply of voluntary work in the context of volunteer coaches in sports clubs in Germany. A propensity score matching approach is employed to consider a potential selection bias. The results show no evidence for a crowding-out phenomenon and instead indicate positive effects on the supplied hours and numerous items measuring the retention and recruitment of volunteers. The findings are robust when analyzing the sample based on whether the motivation leans more toward intrinsic or extrinsic.
Entrepreneurial Value Creation by Rural Enterprises: A Process Model
Authors: Patoju Sri Krishna Sudheer , Swain Sasmita
Published: November 2023

The Indian Economy is greatly benefitted by rural enterprises which provide essential goods and services to rural and urban populations of India. In addition, they contribute to direct and indirect employment. Rural enterprises have been increasing in the country for the last two decades, in the fields of agriculture, agriculture and allied products, dairy, poultry, khadi and food. The present article discusses how rural entrepreneurs create value at each stage of the enterprise, taking evidence from rural India. Further, the article develops an entrepreneurial value creation model which may help young entrepreneurship aspirants, investors and policymakers to contribute to the rural economy through rural enterprises.
Effect of Behavioural Biases on the Financial Decisions of Rural Women Micro-entrepreneurs: A Scale Development Approach
Authors: Panja Soma
Published: November 2023

The basic purpose of this article is to understand the impact of behavioural biases on the financial decisions of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs. The indicators were selected based on the literature review and exploratory interview, and in consultation with the experts of the funding agencies (mainly banks) to cover behavioural biases of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs. In order to design the scale, SEM AMOS 26 software along with SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. Reliability score and exploratory factor analysis were conducted with the help of SPSS 26 software. Overconfidence of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs negatively influenced their financial decisions. Rural women micro-entrepreneurs were found to be better financial decision-makers as past loss from their financial decisions did not deter them from taking risk. The loss aversion bias did not influence the financial decisions of the rural women micro-entrepreneur. However, the regret aversion bias and the anchoring bias positively influence their financial decisions, depicting the impact of behavioural biases on their financial decisions. The present study can be further extended to identify the impact of moderating and mediation variables. The impact of other emotional and cognitive behavioural biases on the financial decisions of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs can also be considered. The understanding of impact and the effect of behavioural biases on financial decisions of rural women micro-entrepreneurs will help to identify the rationale behind financial decision-making of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs. Most of rural women micro-entrepreneur has to deal with decisions related to finance. The confidence with which they handle their money is a reflection on how confidently they can handle their business. The present study attempts to design and validate a comprehensive behavioural bias scale influencing financial decisions of the rural women micro-entrepreneurs. To the best of the knowledge of the author, almost no studies have focused adequately to explore the influence of behavioural biases on the financial decisions of women micro-entrepreneurs. Thus, the aim of this research is to understand the influence of behavioural biases on the financial decisions of rural women micro-entrepreneurs and design a robust and comprehensive scale.
Can Facilitators’ Need for Control Influence Students’ Learning Experience through Simulation? - A Qualitative Study on Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Haugom Jon Viktor , Struksnes Solveig
Published: November 2023

Background

Society has an increasing demand for nurses, but the availability of clinical placements for nursing students does not keep pace with this need. As a result, the use of simulation as a supplement or replacement for clinical practice is being discussed. Simulation can be a resource-intensive learning method, making it important to consider how simulation can be organized and implemented as efficiently as possible without compromising learning outcomes.

Objective

To explore students' experiences with different ways of organizing simulation. Method: Qualitative design inspired by action research. A purposive sample of 24 students was selected, and data was collected through eight focus group interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for data analysis.

Results

Three main categories emerged: the importance of a conducive level of stress for learning, feelings of responsibility and autonomy, and constructive feedback and reflection.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the presence of a facilitator in all stages of simulation may not necessarily be the most effective approach for learning. It appears that the facilitator could focus more on organizing the simulation so that all participants can actively engage, while utilizing their time to plan scenarios, establish a safe learning environment, and participate in a summary session to clarify unresolved academic questions and nursing practices
Intercorporeal Formations in Pediatric Dental Encounters With Patients Showing Distress: The Intertwine of Controlling and Comforting Touch
Authors: Katila Julia , Guo Enhua , Aziz Niaz , Bradford Katie E. , Lahti Satu
Published: November 2023

Dental fear and anxiety are highly prevalent among children and have been shown to lead to irregular use of dental services. Previous research has suggested that while touch can alleviate the patient’s stress and help in accomplishing dental procedures, it can also be a source of stress or used to restrain the patient. In this study, we explore the emergence and intertwine of controlling and comforting touch in pediatric dental clinic settings in which patients show signs of resistance, distress, or fear. We use microanalysis of video-recorded interactions to unveil how the adults in the room—any combination of the dentist, dental assistant, hygienist, and caregiver(s)—deploy various types of touch on the child patient to perform the dental procedure while simultaneously comforting the child. Our data set covers video-recordings of naturally occurring dental clinic visits of 3- to 12-year-old child patients from four cultural contexts: Finland, China, Iraq, and the United States. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty’s writings on intercorporeality and the interaffectivity of bodies, the study proposes that touch in pediatric dentistry unfolds as complex intercorporeal formations where the interaffectivity emerges not only through touch but also via vocal resonance. In contrast to clear boundaries between comforting and controlling touch, our analysis indicates that the line between comforting and controlling touch can be blurred. We suggest that touching a pediatric patient showing resistance toward a dental procedure requires careful affective attention to the patient’s subtle and moment-by-moment bodily expressions and reactions to the touch.
What Is Justice? Perspectives of Victims-Survivors of Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Hester Marianne , Williamson Emma , Eisenstadt Nathan , Abrahams Hilary , Aghtaie Nadia , Bates Lis , Gangoli Geetanjali , Robinson Amanda , Walker Sarah-Jane , McCarthy Elizabeth , Matolcsi Andrea , Mulvihill Natasha
Published: November 2023

This article explores “how do victims-survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) experience and perceive justice?” based on interviews with 251 victims-survivors with experience of different types of GBV and criminal, civil, and family justice systems. Victims-survivors were found to have multiple perceptions of justice, related to different points in their journey following abuse and regarding individual, community, and societal responses. Perceptions relate to accountability; fairness in outcome and process; protection from future harm; recognition; agency; empowerment; affective justice; reparation; and social transformation. Current understandings of justice in legislative and policy approaches reproduce the “justice gap” by failing to take account of how survivors themselves understand and demand justice.
Consistency of Home Health Performance Associated With Joint Commission Accreditation Status
Authors: Schmaltz Stephen P. , Longo Beth A. , Williams Scott C.
Published: November 2023

The CMS Home Health Quality Reporting Program (HH QRP) requires home health agencies (HHAs) to report quality data to measure their performance. This study aimed to assess the relationship between voluntary accreditation with The Joint Commission (TJC) and the ability of HHAs to sustain higher performance over multiple years compared to non-TJC-accredited HHAs. This was a multi-year observational study that analyzed CMS HHA performance data for each year, 2013 to 2019. Measures of interest were the star ratings and 8 quality measures in the HHC dataset with enough variability where a difference between the top and bottom quartile would be meaningful. Close to half of HHAs did not attain the top quartile for any of the study years, but TJC-accredited HHAs generally have a lower proportion of HHAs with 0 year and a higher proportion with 4 to 7 years with top-quartile performance for all measures except the 2 immunization measures. Given a HHA was in the top quartile on a measure the previous year, TJC-accredited HHAs were significantly more likely to remain in the top quartile the year following compared to non-TJC-accredited HHAs. These findings demonstrate better sustained performance among TJC-accredited HHAs compared to non-TJC-accredited agencies. These findings suggest that accreditation requirements may address some of the factors that can threaten the sustainability of positive performance in HHAs. Further research is needed to explore these factors more closely.