bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 2013 European LeukaemiaNet (ELN) responses in chronic phase CML across four frontline TKI modalities and impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Jain Preetesh , Kantarjian Hagop , Sasaki Koji , Jabbour Elias , Dasarathula Jyothsna , Nogueras Gonzalez Graciela , Verstovsek Srdan , Borthakur Gautam , Wierda William , Kadia Tapan , Dellasala Sara , Pierce Sherry , Ravandi Farhad , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorge
Published: February 2016

This study assessed the relevance of 2013 European LeukaemiaNet (ELN) response categories on patients treated with common frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP). Four hundred and eighty‐seven patients treated with imatinib (400 mg; IM 400, n = 70; 800 mg; IM800, n = 201), dasatinib (n = 107) or nilotinib (n = 109) were analysed. Intention to treat (ITT) analysis indicated that the proportion of patients falling into optimal, warning and failure ELN categories were 89%, 6%, 6% at 3 months, 78%, 17% and 6% at 6 months, and 75%, 13% and 13% at 12 months, respectively. Rates of optimal response at 3 months were 75% for IM400, 90% for IM800, 89% for dasatinib and 97% for nilotinib; 41%, 80%, 86% and 89% at 6 months; and 47%, 77%, 76% and 87% at 12 months, respectively. Patients achieving optimal response had longer eventfree (EFS), failurefree (FFS), transformationfree (TFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to warning and failure responses at all‐time points. Treatment with imatinib 800, dasatinib or nilotinib predicted for achieving an optimal response. Optimal response predicted for significantly longer EFS, FFS, TFS and OS at 3, 6 and 12 months, irrespective of the TKI modality used. ELN response categories reliably predicted outcomes in CML patients receiving commonly used TKIs.
Effects of Poloxamer 188 on red blood cell membrane properties in sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Sandor Barbara , Marin Mickaël , Lapoumeroulie Claudine , Rabaï Miklos , Lefevre Sophie D. , Lemonne Nathalie , El Nemer Wassim , Mozar Anaïs , Français Olivier , Le Pioufle Bruno , Connes Philippe , Le Van Kim Caroline
Published: February 2016

Vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) is the main acute complication in sickle cell anaemia (SS) and several clinical trials are investigating different drugs to improve the clinical severity of SS patients. A phase III study is currently exploring the profit of Velopoloxamer in SS during VOCs. We analysed, in‐vitro, the effect of poloxamer (P188) on red blood cell (RBC) properties by investigating haemorheology, mechanical and adhesion functions using ektacytometry, microfluidics and dynamic adhesion approaches, respectively. We show that poloxamer significantly reduces blood viscosity, RBC aggregation and adhesion to endothelial cells, supporting the beneficial use of this molecule in SS therapy.
Predictors of early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in California, 1988–2011: a population‐based study
Authors: Abrahão Renata , Keogh Ruth H. , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Marcos‐Gragera Rafael , Medeiros Bruno C. , Coleman Michel P. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Keegan Theresa H. M.
Published: February 2016

A better understanding of factors associated with early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) may guide health policy aimed at improving outcomes in these patients. We examined trends in early death and survival among 3935 patients aged 0–39 years with de novo AML in California during 1988–2011 and investigated the associations between sociodemographic and selected clinical factors and outcomes. Early death declined from 9·7% in 1988–1995 to 7·1% in 2004–2011 (P = 0·062), and survival improved substantially over time. However, 5‐year survival was still only 50% (95% confidence interval 47–53%) even in the most recent treatment period (2004–2011). Overall, the main factors associated with poor outcomes were older age at diagnosis, treatment at hospitals not affiliated with National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer centres, and black race/ethnicity. For patients diagnosed during 1996–2011, survival was lower among those who lacked health insurance compared to those with public or private insurance. We conclude that mortality after AML remained strikingly high in California and increased with age. Possible strategies to improve outcomes include wider insurance coverage and treatment at specialized cancer centres.
The potential benefit of allogeneic over autologous transplantation in patients with very early relapsed and refractory follicular lymphoma with prior remission duration of ≤12 months
Authors: Lunning Matthew A. , Migliacci Jocelyn C. , Hilden Patrick , Devlin Sean M. , Castro‐Malaspina Hugo , Giralt Sergio , Perales Miguel‐Angel , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Moskowitz Craig H. , Sauter Craig S.
Published: February 2016

Early relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) warrants consolidation with transplantation, though graft source modality remains controversial. We analysed the outcomes of 44 patients transplanted with either autologous or allogeneic graft sources in the post‐rituximab era. No difference in event‐free (EFS) or overall survival (OS) was observed between allogeneic (81% and 81%) and autologous transplantation (64% and 70%) at 3 years. There was a significant difference in EFS between allogeneic and autologous transplantation patients with previous remission duration of ≤12 months (80% and 42% at 3 years, P < 0·015). Very early relapsed FL may warrant consideration of allogeneic over autologous transplantation in the appropriate setting.
Spectrophotometric and visual evaluation of peri‐implant soft tissue color
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Scherrer Daniela , Sancho‐Puchades Manuel , Thoma Daniel S. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F.
Published: February 2016

Aim

To spectrophotometrically and visually test whether the peri‐implant mucosal color differs from the color of the natural gingiva.

Material and methods

Forty single implants in the incisor and premolar region of 40 patients were assessed 3–7 years after implant placement. The differences of the color components lightness, chroma along red‐green axis, chroma along yellow‐blue axis, and the total color difference ΔE between peri‐implant mucosa and natural gingiva were measured with a spectrophotometer. The color difference between peri‐implant mucosa and natural gingiva was visually evaluated by clinicians and rated as “clinically visible” or “clinically invisible” from speaking distance. The dimensions of peri‐implant mucosa and gingiva at the mid‐buccal aspect were evaluated by using cone‐beam CT. Spearman analysis was performed to detect correlations between different variables. Two‐sided t‐test, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied to detect differences between the groups.

Results

The spectrophotometrically assessed color difference ΔE between peri‐implant mucosa and natural gingiva amounted to 7.0 ± 3.9. The peri‐implant mucosa presented a significant dark, greenish and bluish discoloration in comparison with gingiva at control teeth. Clinical investigation revealed that in 60% of sites the color difference between peri‐implant mucosa and natural gingiva was clinically visible from speaking distance. The threshold value ΔE for the extraoral clinical distinction of mucosal color differences measured 7.5. When comparing the groups with visible and invisible color differences with respect to the three color components, a significant difference was found only for chroma along yellow‐blue axis. In the group with visible color difference, mucosa presented a bluish discoloration. Correlation analysis indicated that with an increase in mucosal thickness, a trend for smaller ΔE was found.

Conclusion

The spectrophotometrically assessed color of the peri‐implant mucosa revealed more dark, green and blue components compared to the natural gingiva. At 60% of the implants, peri‐implant mucosal discoloration was visible from speaking distance. The sites with visible and those with invisible mucosal discolorations differed significantly only regarding the chroma along yellow‐blue axis.
Exploratory Biomarker Study of the Triple Reuptake Inhibitor SEP‐432 Compared to the Dual Reuptake Inhibitor Duloxetine in Healthy Normal Subjects
Authors: Sramek John J. , Hardy Larry W. , Bieck Peter , Zamora Cynthia , Versavel Mark , Kharidia Jahnavi , Grinnell Todd , Chen Yu‐Luan , Sullivan Michael , Ding Hong , Cutler Neal R.
Published: February 2016

Introduction

SEP‐432 is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5‐HT), and dopamine (DA), based on in vitro binding studies. We sought evidence that SEP‐432 engages these monoamine systems by measuring concentrations of monoamines and/or their main metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma and comparing results to duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of NE and 5‐HT.

Methods

Eighteen healthy normal subjects received either SEP‐432 (300 mg/day), duloxetine (60 mg/day), or placebo for 14 days in‐clinic (double blind) with CSF and plasma collections at baseline (single lumbar puncture) and Day 14 (24‐h CSF and plasma collection). Concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites, as well as pharmacokinetic concentrations of SEP‐432 and metabolite, were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Compared to placebo in the Day 14 area under the curve 24‐h (AUC0–24 h) analysis, SEP‐432 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the NE metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) in CSF and plasma, decreased 5‐HT in plasma, and did not affect DA metabolites, while duloxetine had significant effects on DHPG and 5‐HT. Time‐matched baseline to Day 14 biomarker comparisons confirmed these findings.

Conclusion

CSF monoamine biomarkers confirmed central NET activity for SEP‐432 and duloxetine's dual reuptake inhibition.
Traumatic Dental Injuries in the primary dentition: a 15‐year bibliometric analysis of Dental Traumatology
Authors: Kramer Paulo Floriani , Onetto Juan , Flores Marie Therese , Borges Tássia Silvana , Feldens Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2016

Aim

To explore the profile of articles on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in the primary dentition published in Dental Traumatology in the last 15 years using bibliometric analysis.

Methods

Three researchers read all titles and abstracts of articles published in Dental Traumatology between 2000 and 2014 (excluding editorials and letters) and selected all articles on TDI in the primary dentition. The articles were categorized according to year of publication, country in which the study was conducted, study design, and topics addressed. Divergences were resolved by consensus between the researchers.

Results

Among a total of 1257 articles published, 98 were initially excluded. Among the remaining 1159 articles, 152 (13.1%) focused on TDI in the primary dentition. The articles were conducted in 29 countries, with Brazil (38.8%) and Turkey (11.8%) accounting for the largest numbers. Cross‐sectional studies (36.2%) and case report/case series (33.6%) were the most frequent study designs. Only two systematic reviews were published. The most commonly addressed topics were frequency/etiology/associated factors (36.8%), treatment (30.9%), and prognosis (19.7%). Among the articles addressing treatment, two‐thirds were case reports or case series. The effects of TDI in primary teeth on their permanent successors were addressed in 20.4% of the articles (31/152).

Conclusions

The number of articles on TDI in the primary dentition has increased, but remains low. The evaluation of study designs and topics addressed identified gaps that could contribute to the development of new studies on TDI in the primary dentition, especially cohort studies that evaluate risk factors, prognosis, and treatment.
Minocycline added to subcutaneous interferon β‐1a in multiple sclerosis: randomized RECYCLINE study
Authors: Sørensen P. S. , Sellebjerg F. , Lycke J. , Färkkilä M. , Créange A. , Lund C. G. , Schluep M. , Frederiksen J. L. , Stenager E. , Pfleger C. , Garde E. , Kinnunen E. , Marhardt K. ,   the RECYCLINE Study Investigators
Published: February 2016

Background and purpose

Combining different therapies may improve disease control in patients with relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This study assessed the efficacy and safety of minocycline added to subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) β‐1a therapy.

Methods

This was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled multicentre study. Within 3 months (±1 month) of starting sc IFN β‐1a 44 μg three times weekly, patients with RRMS were randomized to minocycline 100 mg twice daily or placebo, added to sc IFN β‐1a, for 96 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to first qualifying relapse. Secondary efficacy endpoints were the annualized relapse rate for qualifying relapses, the number of new/enlarging T2‐weighted lesions and change in brain volume [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed only in a few selected centres]. In addition, a number of tertiary efficacy endpoints were assessed.

Results

One hundred and forty‐nine patients received minocycline and 155 received placebo; MRI data were available for 23 and 27 patients, respectively. The time to first qualifying relapse did not differ significantly for minocycline versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.53, 1.35; log‐rank = 0.50; P = 0.48). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on other efficacy endpoints, although some numerical trends in favour of minocycline were observed. No unexpected adverse events were reported, but more patients discontinued because of adverse events with minocycline versus placebo.

Conclusion

Minocycline showed no statistically significant beneficial effect when added to sc IFN β‐1a therapy.
Healthcare‐associated pneumonia with positive respiratory methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus culture: Predictors of the true pathogenicity
Authors: Enomoto Yasunori , Yokomura Koshi , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Ozawa Yuichi , Matsui Takashi , Suda Takafumi
Published: February 2016

Aim

Although methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is commonly isolated from respiratory specimens in healthcare‐associated pneumonia (HCAP), it is difficult to determine the causative pathogen because of the possibilities of contamination/colonization. The present study aimed to identify clinical predictors of the true pathogenicity of MRSA in HCAP.

Methods

Patients with HCAP with positive MRSA cultures in the sputum or endotracheal aspirates who were admitted to Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan, from 2009 to 2014 were enrolled. According to the administered drugs and the treatment outcomes, patients with true MRSA pneumonia (MP) and those with contamination/colonization of MRSA (false MP) were identified. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups, and clinical predictors of true MP were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 93 patients (mean age 78.7 ± 12.6 years) were identified and classified into the true MP (n = 16) or false MP (n = 77) groups. Although baseline characteristics were broadly similar between groups, the true MP group had significantly more patients with PaO2 ≤ 60 Torr/pulse oximetry saturation ≤90% and those with MRSA single cultivation. Both variables were significant predictors of true MP in multivariate analysis (odds ratio of PaO2 ≤ 60 Torr/pulse oximetry saturation ≤90%: 5.64, 95% confidence interval 1.17–27.32; odds ratio of MRSA single cultivation: 4.76, 95% confidence interval 1.22–18.60).

Conclusions

Poor oxygenation and MRSA single cultivation imply the true pathogenicity of MRSA in HCAP with positive respiratory MRSA cultures. The present results might be helpful for the proper use of anti‐MRSA drugs in this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 456–462.
Effects of the Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences protocol for caregivers of older adults with dementia: A pilot study in the Brazilian population
Authors: da Silva Serelli Larissa , Reis Ramon Castro , Laks Jerson , de Pádua Analuiza Camozzato , Bottino Cássio MC , Caramelli Paulo
Published: February 2016

Aim

To investigate the effects of the Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences administered to formal caregivers of older adults with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in the institutional environment.

Methods

The project was developed in two long‐term care institutions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, with 25 formal caregivers and 46 older adults with dementia. The training was carried out over 6 weeks. Evaluations were carried out with the caregivers and the elderly residents, using specific instruments to evaluate different domains (demographic data, etiological diagnoses of dementia, severity of dementia, global cognition, functional performance, quality of life, behavior, burden of caregiver, depression and anxiety). The total time for data collection was 6 months.

Results

A significant improvement in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, was observed (P < 0.008), with no changes in the other indexes. No significant changes were observed in parameters related to caregivers.

Conclusions

The Staff Training for Assisted Living Residences protocol was effective in reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients, and might be a feasible and positive strategy to train formal caregivers in long‐term care institutions in Brazil. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 449–455.
Conflict between Explicit and Tacit Public Service Bargains in U.K. Executive Agencies
Authors: Elston Thomas
Published: February 2016

Public service bargains (PSBs) define rewards, competencies, and loyalties for civil servants. They involve both explicit and tacit agreements with politicians. The article suggests that these two kinds of bargain may not be closely coordinated with one another, and can become “loosely coupled,” operating and evolving with relative independence. This is particularly likely when there is conflict between rational‐actor preferences and institutional expectations about political‐administrative behavior. Such a trade‐off can be managed by “decoupling” the explicit and tacit PSB, so that they operate differently in public and in private. Loose coupling results in inconsistent PSBs that are resistant to change, whereas decoupling highlights the compliance costs that actors face when securing cultural legitimacy for their bargains. These arguments are illustrated by the long‐term development of “Next Steps” agencies in the United Kingdom, where a marked disjuncture has emerged between the stated and practiced PSB.
Efficient sequence‐specific isolation of DNA fragments and chromatin by in vitro enChIP technology using recombinant CRISPR ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Fujita Toshitsugu , Yuno Miyuki , Fujii Hodaka
Published: February 2016

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is widely used for various biological applications, including genome editing. We developed engineered DNA‐binding molecule‐mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) using CRISPR to isolate target genomic regions from cells for their biochemical characterization. In this study, we developed ‘in vitro enChIP’ using recombinant CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to isolate target genomic regions. in vitro enChIP has the great advantage over conventional enChIP of not requiring expression of CRISPR complexes in cells. We first showed that in vitro enChIP using recombinant CRISPR RNPs can be used to isolate target DNA from mixtures of purified DNA in a sequence‐specific manner. In addition, we showed that this technology can be used to efficiently isolate target genomic regions, while retaining their intracellular molecular interactions, with negligible contamination from irrelevant genomic regions. Thus, in vitro enChIP technology is of potential use for sequence‐specific isolation of DNA, as well as for identification of molecules interacting with genomic regions of interest in vivo in combination with downstream analysis.
Rescue and handling of Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Venezuela 1992–2014
Authors: Boede E. O. , Mujica‐Jorquera E.
Published: February 2016

Given the importance of the rescue and rehabilitation of confiscated manatees from illegal traffic or accidental fishery entanglements, the handling and transport of two Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in the ‘Llanos’ of Apure state in Venezuela is described. In 1992, two ♀ calves were confiscated in the region of Arichuna in the Apure River and transported to a lagoon at the Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Biruaca, for rehabilitation. Data about age, size, weight and haematological values were recorded. In 1994, one of the manatees was transferred to the Parque Zoologico y Botanico Bararida, Barquisimeto, in order to form a breeding pair and start a captive‐breeding programme. Successful reproduction was achieved in 2007, 2011 and 2013. In 1995, the second ♀ Antillean manatee was released into a natural environment in Santa Luisa Cattle Ranch, Apure state. The confiscation, rescue, rehabilitation and transport (by land and air) of these two ♀ Antillean manatees were carried out satisfactorily.
A longitudinal evaluation of the Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) campaign for the Philippine crocodile Crocodylus mindorensis in northern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Cureg M. C. , Bagunu A. M. , van Weerd M. , Balbas M. G. , Soler D. , van der Ploeg J.
Published: February 2016

The Philippine crocodile Crocodylus mindorensis is Critically Endangered and its range is restricted to a few localities in human‐dominated landscapes. Therefore, the survival of this species in the wild depends strongly on the support of local people. Communication and education are prerequisites for successful in situ conservation. Over a 12 year period, the Mabuwaya Foundation distributed posters, calendars and comic books, organized theatre shows, gave school lectures, facilitated community meetings and established a crocodile rearing station/visitor centre to mobilize local support for the conservation of the Philippine crocodile in the northern Sierra Madre in Luzon. This paper documents changes in people's awareness of and attitudes towards the conservation of the Philippine crocodile, and changes in people's behaviour in ten barangays (villages) in the municipality of San Mariano. Most people living in crocodile habitat now know that the Philippine crocodile is protected by law and support the conservation of the species in the wild. Hunting, the destruction of nests and the use of destructive fishing methods have all significantly declined in these areas. As a result of the integrated conservation programme, the Philippine crocodile population is slowly recovering.
Protein profile of basal prostate epithelial progenitor cells—stage‐specific embryonal antigen 4 expressing cells have enhanced regenerative potential in vivo
Authors: Höfner Thomas , Klein Corinna , Eisen Christian , Rigo‐Watermeier Teresa , Haferkamp Axel , Sprick Martin R.
Published: February 2016

The long‐term propagation of basal prostate progenitor cells ex vivo has been very difficult in the past. The development of novel methods to expand prostate progenitor cells in vitro allows determining their cell surface phenotype in greater detail. Mouse (Lin−Sca‐1+ CD49f+ Trop2high‐phenotype) and human (Lin− CD49f+ TROP2high) basal prostate progenitor cells were expanded in vitro. Human and mouse cells were screened using 242 anti‐human or 176 antimouse monoclonal antibodies recognizing the cell surface protein profile. Quantitative expression was evaluated at the single‐cell level using flow cytometry. Differentially expressed cell surface proteins were evaluated in conjunction with the known CD49f+/TROP2high phenotype of basal prostate progenitor cells and characterized by in vivo sandwich‐transplantation experiments using nude mice. The phenotype of basal prostate progenitor cells was determined as CD9+/CD24+/CD29+/CD44+/CD47+/CD49f+/CD104+/CD147+/CD326+/Trop2high of mouse as well as human origin. Our analysis revealed several proteins, such as CD13, Syndecan‐1 and stage‐specific embryonal antigens (SSEAs), as being differentially expressed on murine and human CD49f+ TROP2+ basal prostate progenitor cells. Transplantation experiments suggest that CD49f+ TROP2high SSEA‐4high human prostate basal progenitor cells to be more potent to regenerate prostate tubules in vivo as compared with CD49f+ TROP2high or CD49f+ TROP2high SSEA‐4low cells. Determination of the cell surface protein profile of functionally defined murine and human basal prostate progenitor cells reveals differentially expressed proteins that may change the potency and regenerative function of epithelial progenitor cells within the prostate. SSEA‐4 is a candidate cell surface marker that putatively enables a more accurate identification of the basal PESC lineage.
Effect of platform switching on crestal bone levels around implants in the posterior mandible: 3 years results from a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rocha Salomão , Wagner Wilfried , Wiltfang Jörg , Nicolau Pedro , Moergel Maximilian , Messias Ana , Behrens Eleonore , Guerra Fernando
Published: February 2016

Objective

Evaluation of differences in the clinical performance and crestal bone levels between implants restored with single crowns with platform‐matched or platform‐switched abutments after 3 years.

Material and Methods

The study enrolled adult patients missing two or more adjacent teeth in the posterior mandible with natural teeth mesial to the implant site. Randomization followed open‐flap implant insertion and the corresponding matching or switching healing abutments placed at surgery. Conventional loading was made with cemented crowns. Clinical follow‐up took place annually after loading up to 3 years. Bone level changes were measured in standardized radiographs as the variation in crestal bone from one evaluation to the next.

Results

Sixty‐three patients with a total of 135 implants (66 platform matching, 69 platform switching) were analysed. From surgery to 36 months, mean bone loss was 0.28 ± 0.56 mm for the platform‐switching group and 0.68 ± 0.64 mm for the platform‐matching group. A statistically significant difference was found between groups (p = 0.002) with an estimate of 0.39 mm (0.15–0.64, 95% CI) in favour of platform switching.

Conclusions

After 3 years, platform‐switching restorations showed a significant effect in the preservation of marginal bone levels compared to platform‐matching restorations.
Resin composite plus connective tissue graft to treat single maxillary gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesion: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Queiroz Lucas Araújo , Mathias Ingrid Fernandes , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Silveira Camila Augusto , Bresciani Eduardo , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Sallum Enilson Antônio
Published: February 2016

Aim

To evaluate clinically, the aesthetics and the patient‐centred parameters after the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesion by connective tissue graft alone or combined with a nanofilled resin composite restoration.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients presenting one Miller Class I or II gingival recessions and B+ tooth cervical defect were included. The defects were treated by either connective tissue graft (CTG: control group; n = 18) or connective tissue graft plus resin composite restoration (CTG+RC: test group; n = 18).

Results

The mean percentage of defect coverage was 82.16 ± 16.1% for CTG and 73.84 ± 19.2% for CTG+RC after 1 year (p > 0.05). Both groups presented statistically significant improvements in two aesthetics evaluations. The professional evaluation (MRES) was 7.44 ± 2.3 for the CTG group and 7.52 ± 2.27 for CTG+RC after 1 year, with no significant difference between the groups. The two groups presented significant reduction of dentin sensitivity (DS), it decreased from 94.4% of the sites to 44.4% in the CTG group and from 88.8% to 5.5% in the CTG+RC group.

Conclusions

CTG or CTG+RC can successfully treat gingival recession associated with B+ non‐carious cervical lesion, but less sensitivity may be expected with the combined approach (NCT02423473).
Interposition of a connective tissue graft or a collagen matrix to enhance wound stability – an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Burkhardt Rino , Ruiz Magaz Vanessa , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Lang Niklaus P. ,   the Research Group on Oral Soft Tissue Biology & Wound Healing
Published: February 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a connective tissue graft (CTG) or a collagen matrix (CM) interpositioned between flaps and non‐shedding hard surfaces on wound stability.

Material and Methods

Sixty bone dehiscence defects were prepared in five Beagle dogs. Three treatments were performed in 12 sites per dog: (1) repositioned flaps were sutured onto instrumented dentin surfaces (control), (2) repositioning of flaps with an interpositioned CTG and (3) repositioning of flaps with the application of a CM. To allow postoperative healing with n = 5 for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days before evaluation, the sutures were removed, incision lines retraced and tensile forces applied to the flaps. The minimum magnitude of forces required to detach the flaps from the wound bed was recorded.

Results

After 1 week of healing, 6 N had to be applied to disrupt flaps from their wound bed in the CTG group. In the control group, a similar magnitude of resistance was achieved after 2 weeks (6.1 N). Flap resistance to tearing was highest in the CTG group (maximum 9.1 N) 2 weeks postoperatively. On the third postoperative day, the mean tearing forces of all groups differed significantly, displaying a 50% lower resistance to tearing in the CM compared to the CTG group. In comparison, flap resistance to tearing forces established earlier and in higher magnitude in sites with an interpositioned CTG than in flaps repositioned on dentin or CM.

Conclusions

Application of a CTG, sutured to a non‐shedding hard surface, significantly increased flap resistance to tearing when applying disrupting forces compared to controls. A less pronounced effect was achieved by interpositioning of a CM.
Surgical removal of third molars and periodontal tissues of adjacent second molars
Authors: Petsos Hari , Korte Jörg , Eickholz Peter , Hoffmann Thomas , Borchard Raphael
Published: February 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mandibular third‐molar (M3) removal on periodontal health of adjacent second molars (M2). Probing pocket depths (PPD) and probing attachment levels (PAL) have been described for primary outcome. As cofactors involved, gender, complications, two suture materials and two types of impaction were chosen as secondary outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Seventy‐eight patients (49 female; mean age: 16.0 ± 2.0 years) with 78 asymptomatic impacted mandibular M3 were included in this study. Plaque and gingival indices, PPD and PAL were recorded prior and 6 months after surgery. Impacted teeth were classified as either fully impacted (completely within in the bone) or submucosal (fully covered by oral mucosa).

Results

Average baseline PPD was reduced from 3.3 mm to 2.6 mm after 6 months (p < 0.05). Average PAL was reduced from 3.0 to 2.5 mm (p < 0.05). Preoperative PPD ≥ 4 mm at the distolingual and distobuccal sites was positively correlated with clinical improvement (PPD: p < 0.05; PAL: p < 0.05). The impaction class was also identified as positive cofactor for PPD (p = 0.039), but not for PAL.

Conclusions

Young patients may benefit from an early removal of mandibular M3, especially in the presence of certain cofactors.
Dynamic DNA methylation controls glutamate receptor trafficking and synaptic scaling
Authors: Sweatt J. David
Published: February 2016

Hebbian plasticity, including long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression, has long been regarded as important for local circuit refinement in the context of memory formation and stabilization. However, circuit development and stabilization additionally relies on non‐Hebbian, homeostatic, forms of plasticity such as synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is induced by chronic increases or decreases in neuronal activity. Synaptic scaling is associated with cell‐wide adjustments in postsynaptic receptor density, and can occur in a multiplicative manner resulting in preservation of relative synaptic strengths across the entire neuron's population of synapses. Both active DNA methylation and demethylation have been validated as crucial regulators of gene transcription during learning, and synaptic scaling is known to be transcriptionally dependent. However, it has been unclear whether homeostatic forms of plasticity such as synaptic scaling are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. This review describes exciting recent work that has demonstrated a role for active changes in neuronal DNA methylation and demethylation as a controller of synaptic scaling and glutamate receptor trafficking. These findings bring together three major categories of memory‐associated mechanisms that were previously largely considered separately: DNA methylation, homeostatic plasticity, and glutamate receptor trafficking.

image

This review describes exciting recent work that has demonstrated a role for active changes in neuronal DNA methylation and demethylation as a controller of synaptic scaling and glutamate receptor trafficking. These findings bring together three major categories of memory‐associated mechanisms that were previously considered separately: glutamate receptor trafficking, DNA methylation, and homeostatic plasticity.
Effects of cerium oxide supplementation to laying hen diets on performance, egg quality, some antioxidant enzymes in serum and lipid oxidation in egg yolk
Authors: Bölükbaşı S. C. , Al‐sagan A. A. , Ürüşan H. , Erhan M. K. , Durmuş O. , Kurt N.
Published: February 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cerium oxide levels (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg) on the laying performance, egg quality, some blood serum parameters and egg lipid peroxidation of laying hen. In total, one hundred and twenty 22‐week‐old brown Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly assigned to five groups equally (n = 24). Each treatment was replicated six times. Dietary supplementation of cerium oxide had no significant effect on feed intake and egg weight. The addition of cerium oxide to the laying hens' feed improved feed conversion ratio and increased (p < 0.05) egg production. Quality criteria of egg for except shell breaking strength were not affected by supplementing cerium oxide. In particular, supplementation of 200 and 300 mg/kg cerium oxide to the laying hens feed led to a significant (p < 0. 01) increase in egg shell breaking strength. Calcium and phosphorus concentration of serum increased significantly (p < 0.05) with supplementation of 100 mg/kg cerium oxide to laying hen diets. It was also observed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly with supplementation of cerium oxide in diets. Inclusion of cerium oxide resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in egg yolk in this study. It can be concluded that the addition of cerium oxide had positive effects on egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg shelf life. Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement laying hens feed with cerium oxide as feed additives.
Dietary mannitol increased the absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats
Authors: Xiao J. , Sakaguchi E. , Min X. , Kawasaki K.
Published: February 2016

The effect of mannitol on bone‐related mineral absorption and retention and the mechanism was investigated in this study. Fourteen 8‐week‐old male Wistar rats in experiment 1 and same number and age cecectomized Wistar male rats in experiment 2 were divided into two subgroups of seven animals, respectively, fed diets containing 0 or 4% mannitol for 28 days. Mineral balance tests were determined twice during days 8–12 and days 22–26, and the rats were slaughtered on day 28 both in experiment 1 and experiment 2. The whole caecum and colon were collected with the content to analyse tissue weight, content weight, content's pH and moisture, organic acids' concentration and mineral levels. In experiment 1, Ca absorption and retention and Mg absorption were significantly increased by mannitol feeding during days 8–12. Caecal total weight, tissue weight and content weight were increased, the pH of caecum and colon was reduced, and the concentrations of caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were modified by mannitol feeding. In experiment 2, during days 8–12 and days 22–26, Ca absorption and retention were significantly lowered by mannitol feeding in cecectomized rats; however, mannitol feeding decreased Mg absorption during days 8–12, but did not impact Mg retention. Colonic total weight, tissue weight and content weight were significantly increased, and colonic pH was reduced by mannitol feeding. In conclusion, dietary mannitol increased the absorption of Ca and Mg and the caecum markedly contributed to this promoting effect of mannitol.
Energy utilization, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and condensed tannins
Authors: Piñeiro‐Vázquez A. T. , Canul‐Solis J. R. , Alayón‐Gamboa J. A. , Chay‐Canul A. J. , Ayala‐Burgos A. J. , Solorio‐Sánchez F. J. , Aguilar‐Pérez C.F. , Ku‐Vera J. C.
Published: February 2016

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, dry matter digestibility, nitrogen balance, supply of microbial protein to the small intestine and energy utilization in cattle fed a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments consisting of increasing levels of CT (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% CT/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments containing 0, 1, 2 and 3% of CT/kg DM and it was reduced (p < 0.05) to 4% CT (5.71 kg DM/day) with respect to that observed with 0% CT (6.65 kg DM/day). Nitrogen balance, purine derivatives excretion in urine, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of synthesis of microbial nitrogen in the rumen were not affected (p ≥ 0.05) by the increase in the levels of condensed tannins in the ration. Energy loss as CH4 was on average 2.7% of the gross energy consumed daily. Metabolizable energy intake was 49.06 MJ/day in cattle fed low‐quality tropical grass with a DMI of 6.27 kg/day. It is concluded that concentrations of CT between 2 and 3% of DM of ration reduced energy loss as CH4 by 31.3% and 47.6%, respectively, without affecting intakes of dry and organic matter; however, digestibilities of dry and organic matter are negatively affected.
The effects of acute lipopolysaccharide challenge on dairy goat liver metabolism assessed with 1HNMR metabonomics
Authors: Wang L. F. , Jia S. D. , Yang G. Q. , Liu R. Y. , Yang G. Y. , Li M. , Zhu H. S. , Wang Y. Y. , Han L. Q.
Published: February 2016

We investigated the mechanisms mediating hepatic metabolic responses to an acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in goats. Guanzhong dairy goats (15) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CTL, saline, 0.2 ml/kg BW), lower dose LPS (LPS‐L, 20 μg/kg BW) and higher dose LPS (LPS‐H, 40 μg/kg BW). All injections were administered intraperitoneally twice with a 24‐h interval. Forty‐eight hours after the first injection, blood samples were collected to extract plasma for biochemical analysis, and liver tissues were biopsied and stored in liquid nitrogen for metabonomics analysis. We found that plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin increased (p < 0.05) in both LPS‐treated groups, whereas plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, very low‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, total protein and albumin levels markedly decreased (p < 0.05). The increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 indicated hepatic injury and metabolic dysfunction in some degree. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) metabonomics and the Chenomx NMR suite database, 69 metabolites were detected and identified. Metabolic differences among the groups were determined with pattern recognition analyses using principal component analysis and supervised projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. Pattern recognition analysis distinguished and clustered the metabolite variables from the three groups, finding nine of 69 metabolites that differed significantly between two of the three groups: six from the LPS‐L or LPS‐H groups differed from CTL and three differed between LPS‐L and LPS‐H groups. These altered metabolites were closely connected with glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways in hepatocytes. Based on an analysis of these metabolites and their relevant pathways, the mechanisms and degree of hepatic injury were deduced. Therefore, the metabolic profile was used effectively to detect characteristic hepatic metabolites, discriminate metabolic changes induced by LPS, clarify the mechanisms for the resulting metabolic dysfunctions and provide efficient information to diagnose liver injury.
Molecular markers define progressing stages of phosphorus limitation in the nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium, Crocosphaera
Authors: Pereira Nicole , Shilova Irina N. , Zehr Jonathan P.
Published: February 2016

Crocosphaera watsonii is a marine cyanobacterium that frequently inhabits low phosphate environments in oligotrophic oceans. While C. watsonii has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, its growth may be limited by availability of phosphorus. Biomarkers that indicate cellular phosphorus status give insight into how P‐limitation can affect the distribution of nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterial populations. However, adaptation to phosphorus stress is complex and one marker may not be sufficient to determine when an organism is P‐limited. In this study, we characterized the transcription of key genes, activated during phosphorus stress in C. watsonii WH8501, to determine how transcription changed during the phosphorus stress response. Transcription of pstS, which encodes a high‐affinity phosphate binding protein, was discovered to be quickly up‐regulated in phosphorus‐depleted cells as an immediate stress response; however, its transcription declined after a period of phosphorus starvation. In addition, diel regulation of pstS in C. watsonii WH8501 complicates the interpretation of this marker in field applications. Transcription of the gene coding for the arsenite efflux protein, arsB, was upregulated after pstS in phosphorus limited cells, but it remained upregulated at later stages of phosphorus limitation. These results demonstrate that a single molecular marker does not adequately represent the entire phosphorus stress response in C. watsonii WH8501. Using both markers, the variations in transcriptional response over a range of degrees of phosphorus limitation may be a better approach for defining cellular phosphorus status.
Monovalent ‘Features’ in Phonology
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: February 2016

In this article, I discuss and review the proposal to replace traditional binary features (such as [+round]) byunary,single‐valued, ormonovalentunits (such as |round|). I will focus on proposals within the context ofdependency phonology,government phonology, andradical CV phonology. In all three approaches, in addition to unary primes, use is made ofhead–dependency relations. The central motivation for switching from a binary to a unary understanding of phonological primitives comes from the empirical finding that binary approaches wrongly predict that both values of each feature define natural classes of segments or can be involved in a process. The central idea behind monovalency is that in all cases, only one pole of a phonetic opposition can play these roles. A monovalent approach is thus inherently more restrictive and therefore should form the null hypothesis.
Understanding Counterfactuality: A Review of Experimental Evidence for the Dual Meaning of Counterfactuals
Authors: Kulakova Eugenia , Nieuwland Mante S.
Published: February 2016

Cognitive and linguistic theories of counterfactual language comprehension assume that counterfactuals convey a dual meaning. Subjunctive‐counterfactual conditionals (e.g., ‘If Tom had studied hard, he would have passed the test’) express a supposition while implying the factual state of affairs (Tom has not studied hard and failed). The question of how counterfactual dual meaning plays out during language processing is currently gaining interest in psycholinguistics. Whereas numerous studies using offline measures of language processing consistently support counterfactual dual meaning, evidence coming from online studies is less conclusive. Here, we review the available studies that examine online counterfactual language comprehension through behavioural measurement (self‐paced reading times, eye‐tracking) and neuroimaging (electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging). While we argue that these studies do not offer direct evidence for the online computation of counterfactual dual meaning, they provide valuable information about the way counterfactual meaning unfolds in time and influences successive information processing. Further advances in research on counterfactual comprehension require more specific predictions about how counterfactual dual meaning impacts incremental sentence processing.
The hitchhiker's guide to Europe: the infection dynamics of an ongoingWolbachiainvasion and mitochondrial selective sweep inRhagoletis cerasi
Authors: Schuler Hannes , Köppler Kirsten , Daxböck‐Horvath Sabine , Rasool Bilal , Krumböck Susanne , Schwarz Dietmar , Hoffmeister Thomas S. , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Steiner Florian M. , Telschow Arndt , Stauffer Christian , Arthofer Wolfgang , Riegler Markus
Published: February 2016

Wolbachiais a maternally inherited and ubiquitous endosymbiont of insects. It can hijack host reproduction by manipulations such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) to enhance vertical transmission. Horizontal transmission ofWolbachiacan also result in the colonization of new mitochondrial lineages. In this study, we present a 15‐year‐long survey ofWolbachiain the cherry fruit flyRhagoletis cerasiacross Europe and the spatiotemporal distribution of two prevalent strains,wCer1 andwCer2, and associated mitochondrial haplotypes in Germany. Across most of Europe, populations consisted of either 100% singly (wCer1) infected individuals with haplotypeHT1, or 100% doubly (wCer1&2) infected individuals with haplotypeHT2, differentiated only by a single nucleotide polymorphism. In central Germany, singly infected populations were surrounded by transitional populations, consisting of both singly and doubly infected individuals, sandwiched between populations fixed forwCer1&2. Populations with fixed infection status showed perfect association of infection and mitochondria, suggesting a recentCI‐driven selective sweep ofwCer2 linked withHT2. Spatial analysis revealed a range expansion forwCer2 and a large transition zone in whichwCer2 splashes appeared to coalesce into doubly infected populations. Unexpectedly, the transition zone contained a large proportion (22%) ofwCer1&2 individuals withHT1, suggesting frequent intraspecific horizontal transmission. However, this horizontal transmission did not break the strict association between infection types and haplotypes in populations outside the transition zone, suggesting that this horizontally acquiredWolbachiainfection may be transient. Our study provides new insights into the rarely studiedWolbachiainvasion dynamics in field populations.