bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Postpartum Trends in Self‐Measured Blood Pressure and Derived Indices: The BOSHI Study
Authors: Izumi Seiya , Nishimura Misato , Iwama Noriyuki , Tomita Hasumi , Hamada Hirotaka , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Murakami Takahisa , Satoh Michihiro , Hirose Takuo , Saito Masatoshi , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hoshi Kazuhiko , Imai Yutaka , Metoki Hirohito ,   the BOSHI Study Group
Published: January 2025

In this study, we aimed to reveal the trends of self‐measured blood pressure (SMBP) and SMBP‐derived indices during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The Babies and Their Parents Longitudinal Observation in Suzuki Memorial Hospital in the Intrauterine Period (BOSHI) Study is a prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were instructed to measure SMBP daily during pregnancy and for 1 month after delivery. Among 237 participants with normotensive blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy and the postpartum period who were analyzed using mixed‐effects models for repeated measures, the SMBP was measured, on average, 14.3 times from the day before delivery to 28 days postpartum. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on the day before delivery were 110.6 ± 1.0 and 68.1 ± 0.8 mmHg (estimate ± standard error). Postpartum BP increased from postpartum Days 3–8 in SBP and from Days 3–22 in DBP, compared to that on the day before delivery. The SBP and DBP were 4.9 and 4.7 mmHg higher on postpartum Days 8 and 7 than the day before pregnancy, respectively. During pregnancy, the pulse rate (PR) showed an inverted U‐shaped trend and then sharply increased rapidly until the first postpartum day after delivery. The Shock Index showed a similar trend to that of the PR, decreased from labor until postpartum Day 8, and plateaued thereafter. The double product peaked during labor, remained higher than the prelabor levels for approximately 10 days, and then decreased in the postpartum period.
Posttreatment Blood Pressure as a Key Predictor in a 5‐Year Stroke Prediction Model
Authors: Zhang Nan , Mei Jiarong , Fan Fangfang , Zhang Yan , Zhou Ziyi , Li Jianping
Published: January 2025

Evidence suggests that approximately 63.0%–84.2% of stroke survivors have hypertension, yet there is currently no stroke prediction tool specifically designed for individuals with hypertension. Using data from 20 702 hypertensive patients from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), we developed a 5‐year stroke risk prediction model. This prospective study collected treated blood pressure every 3 months, resulting in 22 measurements over the study period. The model was internally validated using bootstrap resampling, and its predictive performance was assessed with the C‐index and calibration curves. We also developed a random forest model to rank the variable importance. The 5‐year stroke risk prediction model for hypertensive individuals includes 10 risk factors, ranked by importance as follows: average systolic blood pressure during treatment, age, average diastolic blood pressure during treatment, baseline systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, baseline total cholesterol level, baseline folate level, self‐reported stress, smoking, and folic acid supplementation or not. The C statistic of the equation was 0.74 and there were no significant differences by gender or treatment group. Calibration plots indicate good internal consistency between observed and predicted 5‐year stroke risk. We also developed an online calculator to assist clinicians and patients (https://zhouziyi.shinyapps.io/CSPPT/). Our study indicates that for patients with hypertension, long‐term posttreatment blood pressure is the primary predictor of stroke risk.

Trial Registration: The CSPPT (clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00794885).
Post‐hoc analysis of the tofogliflozin post‐marketing surveillance study (J‐STEP/LT): Tofogliflozin improves liver function in type 2 diabetes patients regardless of BMI
Authors: Uchinuma Hiroyuki , Matsushita Mitsunori , Tanahashi Masaya , Suganami Hideki , Utsunomiya Kazunori , Kaku Kohei , Tsuchiya Kyoichiro
Published: January 2025

Aims/Introduction

Patients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of developing steatotic liver disease (SLD). Weight loss has proven effective in treating metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showing promising results. However, lean MASLD is more prevalent in Japan, necessitating alternative approaches to body weight reduction.

Materials and Methods

We used the J‐STEP/LT dataset including up to 3‐year treatment data to analyze the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin on liver function and treatment safety and conducted a subgroup analysis based on body mass index (BMI; kg/m2, <20, 20–<23, 23–<25, 25–<30, and ≥30).

Results

This study included 4,208 participants. Tofogliflozin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in participants with baseline ALT levels >30 U/L across all BMI groups, with median changes of −12, −16, −13, −15, and −15 U/L, respectively (P = 0.9291 for trends). However, median changes in body weight with tofogliflozin were −2.00, −2.75, −2.00, −3.00, and −3.80 kg, respectively (P < 0.0001 for trends), with no significant weight loss observed in the BMI <20 group. ALT levels were also significantly decreased in participants who did not lose weight. Safety assessments according to BMI and age categories revealed no clear differences in the frequency of adverse events.

Conclusions

Tofogliflozin reduced ALT levels without substantial body weight reduction among lean participants. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors may be a viable treatment option for non‐obese patients with type 2 diabetes and SLD.
miR‐18a‐5p/PXR/SREBP2 Was Involved in MAFLD Associated With Methyl Tert‐Butyl Ether Among Petrol Station Workers
Authors: Wang Hanyun , Guo Mingxiao , Cui Fengtao , Li Mengdi , Zhang Xianan , Gao Wei , Fang Xingqiang , Chen Li , Xin Ye , Sun Yucheng , Niu Piye , Ma Junxiang
Published: January 2025

Background

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously defined as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has been shown to be closely related to many environmental pollutants. Lately, we found methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE), a new environmental pollutant, could increase NAFLD risk in American adults, which still needs more population epidemiological studies to verify, and its pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study among petrol station workers, diagnosed their MAFLD according to internationally recognised diagnostic criteria, assessed the potential association of MTBE exposure with MAFLD risk, and explored the miR‐18a‐5p/PXR/SREBP2 pathway as possible pathogenic mechanisms in male Wistar rats and HepaRG cells treated with MTBE.

Results

Blood MTBE levels were found to be significantly correlated with an increased risk of MAFLD, and MAFLD risk increased by 24.3% for every 0.1 μg/L increase in blood MTBE. Consistently, we found that MTBE exposure could induce MAFLD in rats and HepaRG cells, and activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) by inhibiting miR‐18a‐5p to upregulate the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and its nuclear translocation, thereby upregulating the expression of its downstream target genes.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that MTBE exposure might be a significant risk factor for MAFLD, and MTBE could promote liver cholesterol synthesis and lipid deposition by activating the miRNA‐18a‐5p/PXR/SREBP2 pathway.
Aquatic vocalization activity indicates the timing of the mating season of Saimaa ringed seals
Authors: Young Mairi , Nykänen Milaja , Niemi Marja , Kurkilahti Mika , Kunnasranta Mervi
Published: January 2025

Underwater vocalization is widely documented in phocids. In aquatic mating species, vocalization is typically associated with breeding, including intraspecific agonistic behavior and mate attraction. Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) produces a diverse range of aquatic vocalizations. However, the connection between these vocalizations and reproductive behavior is unclear. The Saimaa ringed seal (P.h.saimensis) also produces a variety of underwater vocalizations, with knocking calls especially suggested to be connected to the breeding season. In this study, we used four passive hydrophones during two successive winters, deployed in the breeding habitat of ringed seals in Lake Saimaa, to further explore vocalization behavior. A total of 13,197 vocalization events were identified in the recordings. Only a single vocalization type was recorded and classified as quick knocks. We identified a strong temporal pattern, with vocal activity peaking in April. This peak coincides with the end of the nursing period when mating is assumed to occur. Based on this and earlier studies, we propose that this specific call type is emitted for mate attraction or defense of underwater mating territory. This study pinpoints the timing of the mating season of Saimaa, the ringed seal and provides further insight into the behavior of this endangered subspecies.
Alternative Splicing Alterations in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Link to the Disruption of TAR DNA‐Binding Protein 43 kDa Functions
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Takeuchi Eriko , Ogawa Kotaro , Abdelhamid Rehab F. , Morita Junko , Hiraki Yuri , Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Nakamura Yamami , Ohkura Naganari , Saito Yuko , Murayama Shigeo , Nagai Yoshitaka , Mochizuki Hideki , Nagano Seiichi
Published: January 2025

Background

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease that causes degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 kDa (TDP‐43) is mislocalized in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. TDP‐43 regulates RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing. Although the dysregulation of alternative splicing by TDP‐43 is supposed to have a key role in ALS pathology, the nature of aberrant alternative splicing in the tissues of patients with ALS has not been well studied.

Aim

To screen for alternative splicing alterations in patients with ALS to find those linked to ALS pathology.

Methods

Postmortem human tissue samples were collected from brain banks and subjected to RNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analyses.

Results

We identified 16 novel genes that exhibited significant splicing changes. In addition, in TDP‐43‐deficient SH‐SY5Y cells, five genes exhibited similar splicing patterns, indicating that a part of the altered alternative splicing in patients is regulated by TDP‐43.

Conclusion

Although further studies on the pathological significance of these splicing changes are needed, they have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ALS.
Aging‐dependent temporal regulation of MIR156 epigenetic silencing by CiLDL1 and CiNF‐YB8 in chrysanthemum
Authors: Gao Xuekai , Liu Lei , Wang Tianle , Jiang Chuyan , Xue Yujin , Sun Yahui , Gu Zhaoyu , Xu Yanjie , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Gao Junping , Hong Bo , Ma Chao
Published: January 2025

Temporal decline in microRNA miR156 expression is crucial for the transition to, and maintenance of, the adult phase and flowering competence in flowering plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the temporal regulation of miR156 reduction remain largely unknown.

Here, we investigated the epigenetic mechanism regulating the temporal silencing of cin‐MIR156 in wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum), focusing on the role of the lysine‐specific demethylase CiLDL1 and the nuclear factor Y complex.

CiLDL1 and CiNF‐YB8 interact with the classical histone‐like fold domain (HFD) of CiNF‐YC1 and CiNF‐YA3, which form distinct heterotrimers binding to the ‘CCAAT’ box in the promoter region of cin‐MIR156ab. CiLDL1 and CiNF‐YB8 have opposing effects on cin‐MIR156ab expression, with influencing histone 3 lysine 4 demethylation (H3K4me2) levels at the cin‐MIR156ab locus. During aging, decreased CiNF‐YB8 expression leads to a quantitative switch from the CiNF‐YA3–CiNF‐YC1–CiNF‐YB8 heterotrimer to the CiNF‐YA3–CiNF‐YC1–CiLDL1 heterotrimer, which reduces H3K4me2 levels at the cin‐MIR156ab locus, thus temporal silencing its expression.

Our results thus reveal that the dynamic regulatory shift between CiLDL1 and CiNF‐YB8 ensures proper aging‐dependent flowering in chrysanthemum.
Translational State Power: Managing Interpreters to Make Asylum Seekers Talk in the French Asylum Bureaucracy
Authors: Maréchal Maxime
Published: January 2025

This article highlights the translational state power at work in the adjudication of asylum, to analyse the conditions in which asylum officials hear asylum seekers' narratives thanks to the intervention of subordinated interpreters. The provision of language interpreting is shaped by managerial objectives of bureaucratic efficiency which creates the illusion of a transparent translation, both semantically and politically, to ground the legitimacy of the procedure. By analysing the management of interpreters and their practical margins, this contribution shows that language interpreting is a major stake in the implementation of asylum policies and constitutes a crucial dimension of the power of the state over asylum seekers.
Perceptions of Poverty and Policy Preferences: The Contribution of Q Methodology
Authors: Sinclair Stephen , McHugh Neil , McKendrick John H. , Lightbody Ruth , Robertson Laura , McHardy Fiona
Published: January 2025

The nature, causes and consequences of poverty have been debated for many years and remain controversial. However, some degree of consensus is a pre‐requisite for feasible, sustainable and effective policy responses to poverty. Research methods which can improve understanding of public attitudes towards poverty and identify potential areas of consensus are particularly valuable. Q methodology is a research tool which has the potential to identify points of consensus and contention in relation to poverty. This article introduces the main features of Q and illustrates its potential value by outlining how it was applied to inform the policy recommendations of a Poverty Commission in a city in Britain. The project identified a number of significant points of consensus and controversy in participants’ perceptions of the consequences of poverty and preferences regarding responses to it. These findings are related to ideas about how the poverty discourse can be framed to cultivate a more supportive narrative of how poverty is understood and addressed.
Long‐term no‐tillage increases soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity, but reduces P and K, in irrigated rice
Authors: Carlos Filipe Selau , Marcolin Elio , Kunde Roberta Jeske , Weinert Cristiano , Pasa Ezequiel Helbig , Schaffer Naihana , de Sousa Rogério Oliveira , dos Reis Robson Bosa , Andreazza Robson , de Oliveira Jakeline Rosa , Camargo Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Brazil is one of the main countries in the adoption of no tillage (NT) in highlands, however, in lowlands, under irrigated rice cultivation, the adoption of this important soil management is incipient (<5%). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of soil chemical attributes under long‐term NT and rice cultivation. Throughout the field trial, irrigated rice monoculture prevailed continuously in succession with ryegrass prevailed for 23 years, under the adoption of different management systems, conventional tillage (CT), pre‐germinated (PG) and NT in an soil Albaqualf (soil under hydromorphic condition) under a randomized block design with three replications. Active acidity, potential acidity, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were evaluated in the stratified profile at depths: superficial (0–10 cm), intermediate (10–20 cm) and deep (20–40 cm). An increase in the potential acidity of the soil in the NT was observed in the surface layer, an increase in organic matter and in the exchangeable forms of calcium and magnesium. However, there was a reduction in the availability of phosphorus by 20% and potassium by 32% in the topsoil in the NT compared with PG and NT. NT is a soil conservation system that increases organic matter and CEC levels. However, strategies aimed at improving the availability of phosphorus and potassium under NT in paddy fields must be used not to reduce the productive potential of rice grains.
Control of striatal circuit development by the chromatin regulator
Zswim6
Authors: Choi Kyuhyun , Henderson Nathan T. , Feierman Emily R. , Louzon Sean , Galanaugh Jamie , Davatolhagh Felicia , Bhandaru Isha , Tischfield David J. , Anderson Stewart A. , Korb Erica , Fuccillo Marc V.
Published: January 2025

The pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders involves vulnerable neural populations, including striatal circuitry, and convergent molecular nodes, including chromatin regulation and synapse function. Despite this, how epigenetic regulation regulates striatal development is understudied. Recurrent de novo mutations in
Zswim6
are associated with intellectual disability and autism. We demonstrate that ZSWIM6 localizes to the nucleus where it associates with repressive chromatin regulators. Disruption of
Zswim6
in ventral telencephalic progenitors leads to increased chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dysregulation. Ablating
Zswim6
in either striatal direct or indirect pathway spiny projection neurons resulted in similar cell-autonomous changes in excitatory but not inhibitory synaptic transmission. Specifically,
Zswim6
disruption altered the desensitization properties of AMPA receptors, leading to enhanced synaptic recruitment of SPNs, explaining SPN-subtype specific effects on activity and behavioral sub-structure. Last, adult deletion of
Zswim6
identified a continuing role in the maintenance of mature striatal synapses. Together, we describe a mechanistic role for
Zswim6
in the epigenetic control of striatal synaptic development.
Bad year econometrics: Agent-based modeling of risk management strategies under varying regimes of environmental change
Authors: Wren Colin D. , Romanowska Iza , Riede Felix
Published: January 2025

Resilience—the ability of socio-ecological systems to withstand and recover from shocks—is a key research and policy focus. Definitions of resilience differ between disciplines, however, and the term remains inadequately operationalized. Resilience is the outcome of variable behavioral decisions, yet the process itself and the strategies behind it have rarely been addressed quantitatively. We present an agent-based model integrating four common risk management strategies, observed in past and present societies. Model outcomes under different environmental regimes, and in relation to key case studies, provide a mapping between the efficacy (success in harm prevention) and efficiency (cost of harm prevention) of different behavioral strategies. This formalization unravels the historical contingency of dynamic socio-natural processes in the context of crises. In discriminating between successful and failed risk management strategies deployed in the past—the emergent outcome of which is resilience—we are better placed to understand and to some degree predict their utility in the contemporary world.
LEDGF/p75 promotes transcriptional pausing through preventing SPT5 phosphorylation
Authors: Guo Chenghao , Si Shuhan , Fang Haitong , Shuai Shimin , Zhang Yadi , Du Xiaoyu , Duan Bo , Wu Jiawei , Yao Honghong , Ge Zheng , Lin Chengqi , Luo Zhuojuan
Published: January 2025

SPT5 exhibits versatile functions in RNA Pol II promoter proximal pausing, pause release, and elongation in metazoans. However, the mechanism underlying the functional switch of SPT5 during early elongation has not been fully understood. Here, we report that the phosphorylation site-rich domain (PRD)/CTR1 and the prion-like domain (PLD)/CTR2, which are situated adjacent to each other within the C-terminal repeat (CTR) in SPT5, play pivotal roles in Pol II pausing and elongation, respectively. Our study demonstrates that LEDGF/p75 is highly enriched at promoters, especially paused promoters, and prevents the phosphorylation of SPT5 PRD by the super elongation complex (SEC). Furthermore, deletion of LEDGF IBD leads to increased SEC occupancies and SPT5 PRD phosphorylation at promoters and also increased pause release. In sum, our study reveals that LEDGF and SEC function cooperatively on SPT5 distinct domains to ensure proper transcriptional transition from pausing to elongation.
Low functional change despite high taxonomic turnover characterizes the
Ulva
microbiome across a 2000-km salinity gradient
Authors: van der Loos Luna M. , Steinhagen Sophie , Stock Willem , Weinberger Florian , D’hondt Sofie , Willems Anne , De Clerck Olivier
Published: January 2025

The green seaweed
Ulva
relies on associated bacteria for morphogenesis and is an important model to study algal-bacterial interactions.
Ulva
-associated bacteria exhibit high turnover across environmental gradients, leading to the hypothesis that bacteria contribute to the acclimation potential of the host. However, the functional variation of these bacteria in relation to environmental changes remains unclear. We analyzed 91
Ulva
samples across a 2000-kilometer Atlantic–Baltic Sea salinity gradient using metagenomic sequencing. Metabolic reconstruction of 639 metagenome-assembled genomes revealed widespread potential for carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and vitamin metabolism. Although the
R
2
value for salinity explained 70% of taxonomic variation, it accounted only for 17% of functional variation. The limited variation was attributed to typical high-salinity bacteria exhibiting enrichment in genes for thiamine, pyridoxal, and betaine biosynthesis, which likely contribute to stress mitigation and osmotic homeostasis in response to salinity variations. Our results emphasize the importance of functional profiling to understand the seaweed holobiont and its collective response to environmental change.
3D active-matrix multimodal sensor arrays for independent detection of pressure and temperature
Authors: Jo Youngmin , Lee Youngoh , Kwon Jimin , Kim Seongju , Ryu Gyungin , Yun Soyoung , Baek Sanghoon , Ko Hyunhyub , Jung Sungjune
Published: January 2025

Pressure and temperature sensing simultaneously and independently is crucial for creating electronic skin that replicates complex sensory functions of human skin. Thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays with sensors have enabled cross-talk–free spatial sensing. However, the thermal dependence of charge transport in semiconductors has resulted in interference between thermal and pressure stimuli. We develop multimodal sensor arrays based on three-dimensional integration of an active matrix to detect temperature and pressure independently. Our approach includes a calibrated compensation to decouple temperature and pressure signals. An individual pixel device consists of a TFT-based pressure sensor layered above a TFT-based temperature sensor. The detected temperature is used to compensate for the thermal effect on TFT-based pressure sensors. We develop large-area sensor arrays to enable accurate detection of two-dimensional pressure and temperature, leveraging these technologies to demonstrate advanced robotic grippers. The grippers stably grasp and lift a cup regardless of temperature, proving their possibility in skin-like electronic applications.
Architects of immunity: How dendritic cells shape CD8
+
T cell fate in cancer
Authors: Bhandarkar Vidit , Dinter Teresa , Spranger Stefani
Published: January 2025

Immune responses against cancer are dominated by T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Recent advances have underscored the critical role of early priming interactions in establishing T cell fates. In this review, we explore the importance of dendritic cell (DC) signals in specifying CD8
+
T cell fates in cancer, drawing on insights from acute and chronic viral infection models. We highlight the role of DCs in lymph nodes and tumors in maintaining stem-like CD8
+
T cells, which are critical for durable antitumor immune responses. Understanding how CD8
+
T cell fates are determined will enable the rational design of immunotherapies, particularly therapeutic cancer vaccines, that can modulate DC–T cell interactions to generate beneficial CD8
+
T cell fates.
Mapping
C. difficile
TcdB interactions with host cell-surface and intracellular factors using proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling
Authors: Ward Jennifer S. , Schreiber Karl J. , Tam John , Youn Ji-Young , Melnyk Roman A.
Published: January 2025

Many bacterial toxins exert their cytotoxic effects by enzymatically inactivating one or more cytosolic targets in host cells. To reach their intracellular targets, these toxins possess functional domains or subdomains that interact with and exploit various host factors and biological processes. Despite great progress in identifying many of the key host factors involved in the uptake of toxins, significant knowledge gaps remain as to how partially characterized and newly discovered microbial toxins exploit host factors or processes to intoxicate target cells. Proximity-dependent biotinylation (e.g., BioID) is a powerful method to identify nearby host factors in living cells, offering the potential to identify host targets of microbial toxins. Here, we used BioID to interrogate proximal interactors of the multi-domain
Clostridioides difficile
TcdB toxin. Expressed fusions of TurboID to different fragments of TcdB identified several high-confidence proteins in the cytosol, including members of the Rho GTPase signaling network and the actin cytoskeletal network. Additionally, we developed an extracellular proximity labeling method using recombinant TurboID-toxin chimeras, which uncovered a limited number of cell-surface targets including LRP1, which was previously identified as a cell-surface receptor of TcdB. Our work reveals surface receptors and intracellular components exploited by bacterial toxins, highlighting key vulnerabilities in host cells.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial toxins are the causative agents of many human diseases. Further characterizing the intoxication mechanisms of these proteins is important for the development of vaccines and treatments for toxin-mediated disease. Proximity-dependent biotinylation approaches offer an orthogonal approach to complement genetic screens. Here, we evaluate the potential of this method to identify host-toxin interactions on the cell surface and in the cytosol, where the toxin modifies essential host targets. Critically, we have highlighted several limitations of this method as applied to protein toxins, which are important for researchers to weigh when considering this technique for exotoxin studies.
New 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages reveal an important temporal relationship between mafic and silicic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field
Authors: Messa Cole M. , Sims Kenneth W.W. , Stelten Mark E. , Lawler Brandi L. , Kuntz Mel A.
Published: January 2025

The chronology of mafic eruptions and their temporal relation to rhyolitic volcanism in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field are poorly known, thereby limiting our understanding of the way(s) in which mafic magmatism drives rhyolitic activity. To address this, we measured 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages on 13 mafic samples collected from Henrys Fork Caldera (eastern Idaho, western United States), which represents a region of known volcanic activity immediately west of Yellowstone caldera for which the relationship to Yellowstone volcano’s most recent caldera-forming cycle remains unclear. Our new ages indicate that mafic activity was occurring throughout the Henrys Fork Caldera both leading up to and following the emplacement of the Lava Creek Tuff. Furthermore, these ages reveal that mafic volcanism in the Henrys Fork Caldera region occurred concurrently with second- and third-cycle rhyolite volcanism in and around Yellowstone caldera. Our new ages therefore provide unique and definitive evidence that the mafic magmatism of Henrys Fork Caldera played a critical role in the development of shallow-crustal rhyolitic magma chambers that ultimately fueled the large caldera-forming eruptions within the Yellowstone volcanic system.
Supplemental Material: Recycled arc mantle underneath the Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean: Caused by intraoceanic subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean
Authors: Huang Qiangtai , al. et
Published: January 2025

Text S1, Figures S1–S8, and Tables S1–S5.
Nutrition for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: can individualised nutrition be the answer?
Authors: Gipson Daniel R , Gabriel Krystina , Bazacliu Catalina
Published: January 2025

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of very premature birth, leading not only to lifelong respiratory complications, but also to developmental impairment. While the impact of adequate postnatal growth in mitigating complications of premature birth is well documented, meeting the nutritional needs of premature infants with variable demands that change rapidly with the disease state remains challenging for neonatologists. In the absence of effective treatments, the focus of research in BPD is on preventative strategies addressing ventilation approach, fluid and nutritional support and limiting inflammation. The studies of nutritional support for babies with established BPD are scarce. This paper addresses nutrition preventative strategies, established BPD nutritional needs and the emerging role of artificial intelligence in individualising the nutritional approach for these infants.
Risk Warning Method of Cross-Border Flow of International Business Management Data Based on Integrated Classification Algorithm
Authors: Zhou ZhiFan , Du YongKui
Published: January 2025

The economic and social development in the digital era has put forward new requirements for the cross-border flow of financial data. Financial data are an important carrier of financial information. Due to the sensitivity of financial data, its cross-border flow involves citizens’ personal privacy, the interests of financial institutions and even national financial security. In practice, if there is no effective regulation on the cross-border flow of financial data, it will not only be difficult to explore the potential value of financial data, but also lead to various risks. At present, the United States and Europe adopt different regulatory models for the cross-border flow of financial data. In view of the problems existing in the supervision of cross-border capital flow in our country, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for improving the existing cross-border capital flow monitoring system in our country. The system takes main supervision and off-site monitoring as the two main lines, sets up the framework of China’s cross-border capital flow monitoring institutions and off-site monitoring content framework, and constructs China’s cross-border capital flow monitoring index system on the basis of learning from international and domestic experience. The results show that cross-border capital flow has a significant effect on bank risk-taking. Considering the heterogeneity of cross-border capital, it is found that capital outflow and portfolio investment have a greater impact on bank risk-taking. A good economic development environment will not only bring profits to banks but also reduce their default risk.
Product Styling Design Based on the Integration of Texture and Shape Features with Computer Technology
Authors: Wanfen Zhu , Huijun Deng
Published: January 2025

To provide an effective way for product modeling design, a product modeling design method based on the fusion of texture and shape features and computer technology is proposed. Based on the product modeling design drawing. By constructing the image texture gray-level co-occurrence matrix and extracting the image texture primitives, the energy, inertia, entropy, and evenness statistics of the texture are obtained, which serve to describe the image texture characteristics. The OHTA color model is employed to segment the shape and background of the product design drawing, while the Fourier descriptor is utilized to obtain the shape features. Based on the texture and shape features required for product modeling design, the image required for product modeling design is retrieved from the image database by calculating the similarity between the texture and shape features and the image feature vector in the image database. Using the retrieved image as input, the framework of the product modeling design virtual environment is first established, and subsequently, the product modeling design is implemented within this virtual environment using Rhino 3D software. The experiment shows that the texture and shape features extracted by this method are more accurate, and can effectively retrieve the image needed for product modeling design from the image database according to the texture and shape features. Based on this image, the product modeling design is realized, and the application effect is relatively remarkable.
A Method for Predicting the Effect of Internet+Dual-Creation Practice of College Students Based on Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Ziyue Zhao
Published: January 2025

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of college students’ Internet+mass entrepreneurship and innovation practice effect, a prediction method based on an evolutionary algorithm is proposed. By comprehensively considering the family, school, personal, and social backgrounds of college students, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed, and an objective function is set to minimize the distance between the questionnaire weight and the ideal weight. To avoid the evolutionary algorithm getting stuck in local optima, a simulated annealing strategy is introduced to optimize the mutation process, enhancing the algorithm’s performance. Experimental verification shows that this method not only selects evaluation indicators accurately and has high prediction accuracy, but also has a fast solving speed. It has been successfully applied in multiple universities, providing an effective tool for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of college students’ entrepreneurship and innovation practices.
Compression and Reconstruction Algorithm of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Based on Laser Beam Matching
Authors: Luo Jinman , Li Yuqing , Wang Qile , Liu Liyuan
Published: January 2025

Considering the problems of signal transmission and image storage in hyperspectral remote sensing image reconstruction, the compression and reconstruction algorithm of hyperspectral remote sensing images based on laser beam matching is studied. The original StOMP algorithm is improved using the backtracking idea and particle swarm algorithm. The image denoising algorithm is optimized. For the laser beam-matched hyperspectral remote sensing image, the hyperspectral image is processed in the order of image sampling, data reconstruction, and image denoising. Compared with OMP+PCA, the average and median of the proposed algorithm are improved by about 3.35[Formula: see text]dB and 3.17[Formula: see text]dB, respectively, in terms of PSNR. Compared with the nearest OMP+Contourlet method, it also enhances 1.96[Formula: see text]dB and 2.18[Formula: see text]dB. Regarding the SSIM index, the algorithm in this study also performed well. After comparing with the OMP + PCA algorithm, we conclude that the average and median are improved by 9.2% and 9.0%, respectively, which fully illustrates the performance advantages of the algorithm.
Refined Extraction Method of Agricultural and Forestry Plot Boundaries Based on Yolov8n
Authors: Yu Hui-Ting , Jiang Chen-Lin , Dai Qu-Shun , He Yu-Ting
Published: January 2025

The shapes and scales of agricultural and forestry plots are quite different, making it challenging to extract refined boundaries. In order to extract refined boundaries of agricultural and forestry plots of different shapes and scales, a refined extraction method of agricultural and forestry plot boundaries based on Yolov8n was proposed. By enhancing the high-order nonconvex total variation model to reduce noise and preprocess the initial agricultural and forestry plot image, the edge detail information of the image is enhanced; the Yolov8n model is used to extract and fuse the multi-scale agricultural and forestry plot features of the processed image to obtain a multi-scale feature map. Based on this, the bounding boxes of plots of different scales are detected; combined with the fast active contour model, the edge details of the obtained multi-scale plot bounding boxes are further refined to obtain more refined boundaries of agricultural and forestry plots. The results show that this method can enhance the edge details of agricultural and forestry plot images through noise reduction processing, and achieve refined extraction of agricultural and forestry plot boundaries of various scales and shapes. The extracted boundaries can almost match the actual boundaries, and the average accuracy can reach 98%. The above can provide a guarantee for the rational allocation of resources for precision agriculture.
Perspective—Metal Halide Perovskites-based Sensing Technologies: Recent Updates and Future Directions
Authors: Gupta Khushboo , Kumar Manish , Singh Dharm Veer , Chaudhary Vishal , Kumar Arvind , Dwivedi D. K. , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rajesh , Thakur O. P. , Sharma Subhash
Published: January 2025

Recently, metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) have become an epicenter of research because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. MHPs have not only proved to be the best materials for sensing applications due to their unique optical and electronic properties along with easy fabrication, they also display good sensing ability, including ultrahigh sensitivities, rapid response rate, and outstanding selectivity. To keep the research community informed, we critically focused on the recent updates in the MHPs-based sensor, followed by highlighting the synthesis route and their potential while addressing important challenges and future outlooks and unlocking their capabilities in sensing technologies.
Influence of the variability in motor unit discharge times and neural drive on force steadiness during submaximal contractions with a hand muscle
Authors: Tvrdy Taylor , Henry Mélanie , Enoka Roger M.
Published: January 2025

The fluctuations in force during steady submaximal contractions can be caused by either or both the variability in discharge times of individual motor units and in the neural drive. After careful alignment of the force and discharge times within an optimal bandwidth (0.75–5 Hz), the fluctuations in force at the lower target force were strongly correlated with both measures of variability, whereas those at the higher target force were best explained by the variability in neural drive.
Unraveling the Potential of Black Soldier Fly Larvae as a Sustainable Protein Source for Nile Tilapia Production in Diverse Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Munguti Jonathan , Muthoka Mavindu , Mboya Jimmy B. , Kyule Domitila , Meenakshisundaram Menaga , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: January 2025

Aquaculture plays a critical role in global food security, with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) recognized for its adaptability and robust growth. However, traditional feeds, heavily reliant on fishmeal (FM) and soybean meal, face economic and environmental challenges. In response, black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) has emerged as a promising, nutrient‐dense alternative. This review synthesizes existing literature on BSFLM’s nutritional profile and its suitability for Nile tilapia diets, while acknowledging that the data come from diverse independent studies conducted under varying environmental conditions and husbandry practices. BSFLM consistently provides high‐quality protein (29.9%–48.2%), aligning with tilapia’s requirements, and is rich in essential minerals and fatty acids. While its lipid content (25.69%–28.43%) may require processing adjustments, the overall profile supports tilapia health and growth. Trends from case studies suggest that certain systems, such as hapas placed in ponds, have reported favorable growth and feed conversion efficiencies at 50% FM replacement levels. However, these findings cannot be directly compared across all studies due to differences in methodologies, culture conditions, and inclusion rates. Instead, they collectively indicate that BSFLM can effectively replace traditional protein sources and enhance sustainability. As research and production scale up, careful consideration of context, system design, and feed formulations will be essential. Collaborative efforts among researchers, industry, and policymakers will further refine the use of BSFLM, ultimately advancing the environmental and economic sustainability of Nile tilapia aquaculture.
Successful Management of Palatal Developmental Groove–Associated Periodontal Defect Using Palatal Access Flap and Odontoradiculoplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Valente Nicola Alberto , Bardini Giulia
Published: January 2025

This case report discusses the successful management of a deep palatal developmental groove associated with Stage III generalized Grade C periodontitis. Despite prior nonsurgical periodontal therapy, the disease progressed rapidly, necessitating further intervention. A comprehensive evaluation revealed generalized periodontitis with localized tooth‐related predisposing factor due to a developmental groove in the vital upper left lateral incisor. The initial nonsurgical treatment involved scaling and root planing (SRP) coupled with systemic antibiotics. Significant improvement was observed, except for the site with the developmental groove. Surgical intervention was performed using a palatal access flap odontoplasty and radiculoplasty to eliminate the remaining pocket and enhance plaque control. The procedure successfully resolved the condition, with soft tissue healing observed at the 6‐month follow‐up with a residual probing depth of 3 mm. This case highlights the challenges associated with palatal developmental grooves as localized aggravating factors in periodontitis. The use of surgical techniques like odontoplasty and flap access proved effective in managing periodontal defects associated with developmental grooves, showcasing a successful outcome in this patient.
Different Composite Veneer Surface Preparations for Metal Orthodontic Bracket Bonding: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Omidkhoda Maryam , Hosseini Rivandi Maryam , Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Dehghani Mahboobe
Published: January 2025

Objective: This research aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets bonded to composite veneers using different surface preparations.

Methods: One‐hundred composite disks were divided into 10 different groups whereby each group combines a surface preparation (roughening or no roughening), etching agent (37% phosphoric or 9.5% hydrofluoric acid), adhesive protocol (self‐etch or total‐etch), and bonding agent (with or without G‐Premio Bond). Orthodontic metal brackets were bonded to prepared composite surfaces by Transbond XT resin and light‐cured. The prepared samples were incubated at 37˚C for 24 h and underwent thermocycling. A universal testing machine was loaded until the failure moment to assess SBS. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to classify the failure sites between the composite surface and bracket base. Tukey, Fisher’s exact, and chi‐square tests were used for statistical analyses. Statistical significance level was 0.05.

Results: Surface roughening and the type of material used for surface preparation significantly affected bond strength (p  < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in bond strength between phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid (p  > 0.05). The highest bond strength was observed in the group with roughening + total‐etch with phosphoric acid + G‐Premio Bond (10.24 ± 2.99 MPa). The lowest bond strength was found in the group without roughening, etched with phosphoric acid (1.47 ± 1.06 MPa). In the groups without roughening, ARI scores of 0 and 1 were found, while in the groups with roughening, ARI scores of 0, 1, and 4 were observed.

Conclusions: The SBS with G‐Premio Bond is high with ARI score 4 which may pose a risk of damage to the veneers during debonding. Therefore, surface preparation of the veneers that result in lesser bond strength should be used unless in patients with frequent bracket breakages.
Medical Image Fusion Using Unified Image Fusion Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: S. Balasubramaniam , Chirchi Vanajaroselin , T. A. Sivakumar , Senthilvel P. Gururama , N. Duraimutharasan
Published: January 2025

Medical image fusion (IF) is a process of registering and combining numerous images from multiple‐ or single‐imaging modalities to enhance image quality and lessen randomness as well as redundancy for increasing the clinical applicability of the medical images to diagnose and evaluate clinical issues. The information that is acquired additionally from fused images can be effectively employed for highly accurate positioning of abnormality. Since diverse kinds of images produce various information, IF becomes more complicated for conventional methods to generate fused images. Here, a unified image fusion convolutional neural network (UIFCNN) is designed for IF utilizing medical images. To execute the IF process, two input images, namely, native T1 and T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR) are taken from a dataset. An input image‐T1 is preprocessed employing bilateral filter (BF), and it is segmented by a recurrent prototypical network (RP‐Net) to obtain segmented output‐1. Simultaneously, input image‐T2‐FLAIR is also preprocessed by BF and then segmented using RP‐Net to acquire segmented output‐2. The two segmented outputs are fused utilizing the UIFCNN that is introduced by assimilating unified and unsupervised end‐to‐end IF network (U2Fusion) with IF framework based on the CNN (IFCNN). In addition, the UIFCNN obtained maximal Dice coefficient and Jaccard coefficient of 0.928 and 0.920 as well as minimal mean square error (MSE) of 0.221.
Supplementary Data from Mathematical Model-Driven Deep Learning Enables Personalized Adaptive Therapy
Authors: Gallagher Kit , Strobl Maximilian A.R. , Park Derek S. , Spoendlin Fabian C. , Gatenby Robert A. , Maini Philip K. , Anderson Alexander R.A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Information File
Figure S4 from RNA-encoded Interleukin 2 with Extended Bioavailability Amplifies RNA Vaccine–Induced Antitumor T-cell Immunity
Authors: Peters Daniel , Kranz Lena M. , Eisel David , Diken Mustafa , Kreiter Sebastian , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur , Vormehr Mathias
Published: January 2025

Antitumor immunity in response to RNA-LPX and Alb-IL2 RNA-NP. Absolute number of vaccine antigen-specific and nonvaccine antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, Tregs, and NK cells in the tumor (n=6 mice/group; A), tumor-draining lymph node (n=6 mice/group; B), and spleen (Alb RNA-NP: n=5 mice/group; Alb-IL2 RNA-NP: n=6 mice/group; C) of CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice 5 days after i.v. administration of gp70 RNA-LPX combined with Alb-IL2 RNA-NP or Alb RNA-NP on day 12 after tumor cell inoculation. Mean + SEM. Two-tailed Student t-test. *P≤0.05.
Figure S3 from RNA-encoded Interleukin 2 with Extended Bioavailability Amplifies RNA Vaccine–Induced Antitumor T-cell Immunity
Authors: Peters Daniel , Kranz Lena M. , Eisel David , Diken Mustafa , Kreiter Sebastian , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur , Vormehr Mathias
Published: January 2025

Expansion of Tregs in response to RNA-LPX and Alb-IL2 RNA-NP. Number of regulatory CD4+ T cells per spleen 7 days after the last of three weekly i.v. vaccinations with gp70 RNA-LPX (A) or OVA RNA-LPX (B) combined with Alb-IL2 RNA-NP or Alb RNA-NP (gp70: n=7 mice/group; OVA: n=5 mice/group). Mean + SEM.