bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of sowing date and weed management on productivity and economics of rainfed mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: TIRYAK KUMAR SAMANT  , TUSHAR RANJAN MOHANTY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2013 and 2014 at Angul, Odisha, to study the effect of sowing date and weed management on crop growth, yield, weed control, economics and nutrient up- take of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek]. The experiment consisted of 3 sowing date and 6 weed manage- ment treatments. The pooled results revealed that, the crop sown on June 20, resulted significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, seeds/pod, nodules/plant, seed yield (1.0 t/ha), net returns ( 26,100/ha) and weed control efficiency (68.1%). Application of imazethapyr @ 100 g/ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS) followed by (fb) 1 hand-weeding at 40 DAS resulted in significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, dry matter ef- ficiency, pods/plant, seeds/pod, nodules/plant, nodules dry weight, seed yield (1.17 t/ha), harvest index (29.7%), monetary returns ( 872/ha/day) and benefit: cost ratio (2.18). The same treatment also recorded the maximum weed control efficiency (87.9%), which resulted in significant reduction in both weed density (38.0/m2) and weed dry weight (28.6 g/m2). In contrast to nutrient uptake by mungbean crop, the decreased nitrogen, phosphorus and potash removal by weeds was recorded upto to 88.5% under weed management treatments.
Growth, nutrient accumulation and crop yields as influenced by crop residues recycling and Trichoderma inoculation in rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sugarcaneratoonwheat cropping systems in subtropical India
Authors: S.K. SHUKLA  , SWAHA SHEE  , S.K. MAITY  , S.K. AWASTHI  , ASHA GAUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2013-15 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh study the effect of crop-residues recycling and Trichoderma inoculation on growth, nutri- ent accumulation and crop yields in 2 cropping systems, viz. rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ricewheat and sugarcaneratoonwheat. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with cropping sys- tems in main plots and residues management practices in subplots. Among the different crop residue treatments, the highest available N (222.8 kg N/ha and 164.8 kg/ha at 015 and 1530 cm depth, respectively) was recorded in the treatment where full residue was recycled along with Trichoderma. The leaf-area index was higher in wheat (3.97) than rice crop (3.07) at the maximum growth stage. Wheat crop grown in sugarcane-based system accumu- lated higher dry matter (8.02 t/ha) than wheat grown in ricewheat system (7.71 t /ha). A significant increase in cane-equivalent yield was obtained in sugarcane-based system as compared to ricewheat system. Cane-equiva- lent yield ranged from 103.3 to 138.3 t/ha in sugarcaneratoonwheat system, considering yields of ratoon-cane and wheat crops. Residue recycling + Trichoderma resulted in higher cane-equivalent yields in both the cropping systems. The residue burning/ removal caused significantly low yields in succeeding crop and cane-equivalent yields in both the cropping systems. The benefit: cost ratio (2.96) was the highest with sugarcaneratoonwheat cropping system under residue recycling + Trichoderma. Thus, residue recycling along with application of Tricho- derma proved effective in both the cropping systems, but higher benefits could be achieved under sugarcanera- toonwheat cropping system.
Effect of cultivars and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays) hybrids
Authors: KRISHNENDU RAY  , HIRAK BANERJEE  , PINTOO BANDOPADHYAY
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during the winter season of 201314 and 201415 at farmers field, Gayeshpur, Nadia, West Bengal, to evaluate the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by cultivars and levels of NPK. The experimental soil was clay in texture and neutral in reaction, having low available N, high available P and medium available K. The experiment was laid out in a strip-plot design with 3 maize hybrids (P 3522, P 3396 and Rajkumar) in vertical strip and 9 NPK levels [50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 75% RDF, RDF (200 kg N, 60 kg P and 60 kg K/ha), 125% RDF, 150% RDF, 100% PK, 100% NK, 100% NP and control (zero- NPK)] in horizontal strip, replicated thrice. Maize hybrid P 3396 recorded better cob characteristics (cob length, cob girth and cob weight) and test weight, while other yield attributes (number of cobs/plant, number of grain rows and grains/cob) were higher in P 3522. Across cultivars, 125% RDF application resulted in significant increase in yield attributes over the control. The cultivar P 3396 recorded second best yield (grain and stover) after P 3522. Application of 125% RDF resulted in the maximum grain and stover yield with 124.5 and 91.2% increase over the control respectively. Total P and K uptake increased up to 125% RDF; however, total N uptake increased till 150% RDF application. Grain yield reduction, in comparison with RDF plots, was estimated to be 43.90% due to N omis- sion, 16.76% due to P omission, and 26.94% due to K omission. Net returns and benefit: cost ratio continued to in- crease till 125% NPK, and decreased further with addition of NPK (150%).
Influence of cutting-management practices for green fodder and grain production in dual-purpose forage crops
Authors: V.K. KAUTHALE  , S.D. PATIL  , P.S. TAKAWALE
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter in (rabi) seasons of 201213 to 201415 to study the performance of dual-purpose forage crops under different cutting management practices in medium black soil of Pune, Maharashtra. The soil had initial soil status of electrical conductivity (EC) 0.52 dS/m, pH 7.85 and organic carbon 0.14%. Based on the pooled mean data for 3 years, significantly highest green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yields of 51.49, 8.29 and 0.89 t/ha, respectively, were recorded in JHO 822 oat (Avena sativa L.) with cutting for fodder at 70 days after sowing and left for seed production as against 29.00, 5.65, 0.63 t/ha in RD 2552 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety and 25.03, 3.89, 0.41 t/ha in VL 829 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The same treatment combination recorded seed yield of 1.33 t/ha and straw yield of 3.04 t/ha with net monetary returns of `1,01,924/ha and benefit: cost ratio of 3.31. It has also revealed that harvesting stage for getting highest green fodder and grain is very important for dual-purpose crops and delayed cutting reduced regrowth and thereby grain yield
Assessing productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays) under conservation tillage and nutrient management
Authors: N. BISWAKARMA  , V. POONIYA  , R.R. ZHIIPAO
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 at New Delhi, to study the effect of tillage and nutrient management on productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.). The results showed that zero-tilled flat bed (ZTFB) nutrient expert (NE)-based fertilization had the tallest plant, higher leaf-area index and accumulated the highest dry-matter irrespective of crop growth stages. Further, ZTFB-planted maize had higher yield by ~2% and ~25% than permanent beds (PNB) and conventional tillage (CT), respectively. Similarly, NE resulted in the maximum grain yield, but at par to recommended fertilization (RFA); which was ~17% higher than half the recommended fertilizer application (RFA) + residue retention (CR). The maximum gross and net returns were recorded in permanent beds NE planted maize which was similar to ZTFB NE plots. Overall, our results indicated that adoption of conservation tillage coupled with NE-based nutrient management improved the productivity and profitability of maize
Effect of irrigation intervals and hybrids on growth, yield and economics of dry (boro) rice (Oryza sativa) in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: BISHAL MUKHERJEE  , MRITYUNJAY GHOSH  , S. BANERJEE  , S.K. DE  , S. ADHIKARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal, India, during dry (boro) season of 2017, to access the performance of 4 rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids (6129 Gold, 6444 Gold, Tej Gold and DRH 775) under 3 irrigation intervals (1, 3 and 5-day interval) for better yield and profitable production. Irrigation intervals had significant influence on growth attributes, viz., tiller production, leaf area index and dry-matter accumulation at 63 days after transplanting (DAT), crop growth rate at 4263 DAT, and yield components, viz., panicles/m2, filled grains/panicle and test weight, of hybrids at maturity. Rice hybrids grown with irrigation at 1-day interval resulted in the highest grain yield (5.92 t/ha), which was slightly greater (2.07%) over 3-day interval and much higher (18.64%) over 5-day interval. Among the rice hybrids, 6129 Gold gave the highest grain yield and net income
Yield, yield characteristics and sequential path analysis of sesame (Sesamum indicum) as affected by organic fertilizers
Authors: HEBA M. NOAMAN  , HODA. E.A. IBRAHIM  , D.S. RANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted 2017 and 2018 at the experimental farm of Agricultural Research station, Arab EL-Awamer, Agriculture Research Center (A.R.C.), Assiut Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of differ- ent organic sources of nutrients superimposed on inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment included 14 factorial treatments, consisting of 2 sesame cultivars, viz. Shandaweel 3 and Giza 32, and 7 combinations of cattle and sheep manures fertilizers. Shandaweel 3 cultivar exhibited signifi- cant superiority to Giza 32 sesame with regard to most of studied characters except first capsule height across the 2 seasons. Among the organics manures, application of 2.5 tonnes sheep manure and 4 tonnes cattle manure resulted in the maximum values of fruit zone length, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield in the 2 seasons with sig- nificant differences compared to the control. The interaction effect between cultivars and manures application was significant for all characters in the 2 seasons except first capsule height in the first season and fruit zone length in the second season. Shandaweel 3 fertilized with 2.5 tonnes sheep manure gave the maximum seed yield in both the seasons. Results revealed positive and highly significant association between seed yield and its all related characters except first capsule height, which had no significant correlation coefficient with seed yield. A sequential path analysis was used to order the various variables based on their maximum direct effect and minimal collinear- ity.
Forecasting the impact of climate change on potato (Solanum tuberosum) productivity in Gujarat and relative adaptation strategies
Authors: V.K. DUA  , TANVI KAPOOR  , RADHIKA PATHANIA  , SHALINI CHAUHAN
Published: December 2023

A study was carried out in Gujarat to assess the impact of climate change on potato (Solanum tubersoum L.) productivity, using the WOFOST crop growth-simulation model. Three potato cultivars of different maturity, viz Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Pukhraj, were selected as test varieties. The study was done for baseline scenario (2000) and for future climate scenarios (2020 and 2055) using A1FI scenario of temperature (SRES A1FI pathway) and atmospheric CO (based on the Bern-CC model for A1FI scenario). Potential production of potato 2 cultivars was estimated for 20 different locations across Gujarat. Under the baseline scenario, the mean productiv- ity of Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Pukhraj was 40.0, 36.0 and 37.4 t/ha, respectively. The increase in temperature during 2020 and 2055, decreased the productivity ranging from 11.5 to 14.5% during 2020 and from 22.9 to 33.9% in 2055 climate scenarios. The corresponding increase in CO concentration enhanced the produc- 2 tivity ranging from 4.9 to 5.3% and 20.8 to 22.9% during 2020 and 2055 scenarios respectively. Overall, the com- bined effect of CO and temperature decreased the productivity of Kufri Badshah, Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Pukhraj 2 by 6.7, 9.4 and 9.5%, respectively, during 2020 and by 19.9, 23.3 and 25.6% for respective varieties during 2055. It was also found that rescheduling the date of planting and selecting suitable varieties can completely offset the impact of climate change on potato productivity during 2020 while it can reduce the decrease in yield from 22.3 to 9.7% during 2055. However, development of potato cultivars with high bulking period proportionate to their total crop duration are required to meet the challenges posed by climate change on potato crop in future.
Effect of date of transplanting and nitrogen on productivity and profitability of riceratoon (Oryza sativa) system under shallow lowland
Authors: TEEKAM SINGH  , B. LAL  , B.S. SATAPATHY  , P. GAUTAM  , A. KUMAR  , K.B. PUN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the boro season of 201415 to 201516 at the research farm, Gerua, Kamrup, Asom, to identify optimum planting date for main rice (Oryza sativa L.) and nitrogen level for ratoon rice under shallow lowland ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Three planting dates (5th, 15th and 25th February) were assigned to main plots for main crop and 3 nitrogen levels (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha N) to subplots for ratoon crop. Naveen, a high-yielding variety of rice was taken as test crop. Results revealed that 15th February planting proved significantly more productive and profitable for main rice (6.04 t/ha) as well as ratoon (2.33 t/ha) than those of 5th and 25th February planting. It was mainly owing to higher values ob- tained for growth and yield attributes like plant height, dry-matter accumulation, tillers/m2, filled grains/panicle, panicle weight and length for main rice as well as ratoon crop from 15th February planting. Hills/m2, filled grains/ panicle and fertility percentage of ratoon crop were significantly influenced by planting dates. Grain yield of main rice was highly correlated with number of panicles/m2, spikelets/panicle and filled grains/panicle. However, grain yield of ratoon crop was significantly correlated with hills/m2, number of panicles/m2, spikelets/panicle, filled grains/ panicle and fertility percentage. Nitrogen levels of 20 and 40 kg/ha resulted in significantly higher hills/m2, panicles/ m2 and spikelets/panicle which resulted significantly higher grain and straw yields of ratoon rice over the control but remained statistically at par with each other. Thus, 20 kg/ha N application was enough to get good rice ratoon crop and additional income of `26,415/ha with benefit: cost ratio 3.36.
Productivity, resource use efficiency and economics of rice (Oryza sativa)-based bio-intensive cropping systems in western Odisha
Authors: A.K. PATRA  , L.M. GARNAYAK  , B.B. BEHERA  , D. SWAIN  , R.K. PAIKARAY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Chiplima, Odisha, under irrigated medium-land condition during 201314 to 201617, to evaluate the production potential and economics of 10 rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based bio-intensive cropping systems. Ricepotato (Solanum tubersum L.) + radish [Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin]pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) + amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.), ricemaize (Zea mays L.) + coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) + amaranth and ricemaize + radishokra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) + amaranth cropping systems recorded significantly higher average rice-equivalent yields (REY) (22.72, 20.73 and 19.65 t/ha respectively) than the other rice-based cropping systems, the increase being 143, 122 and 110% over the existing ricegroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) system. Ricetomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) + amaranthwatermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] + amaranth system had the highest land- use efficiency (97%). Ricepotato + radishpumpkin + amaranth revealed the highest irrigation water-use effi- ciency of 239 kg REY/ha-cm. The highest apparent nutrient-use productivity was realized with the ricemaize + co- riandercowpea + amaranth (46.6 kg REY/kg NPK applied). This system also recorded the highest energy-use ef- ficiency (5.04) and energy productivity (0.41 kg REY/MJ). Ricetomato + fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)cowpea + amaranth (635 man-days) and ricemaize + radishokra + amaranth (625 man-days) created higher employment opportunity. Ricemaize + coriandercowpea + amaranth recorded the highest net returns (`136,544) followed by ricemaize + radishokra + amaranth (`116,803) and ricepotato + radishpumpkin + amaranth (`111,890). These 3 cropping systems also recorded the highest system profitability and crop profitability with higher benefit: cost ratio.
Influence of nutrient-management practices on production, profitability and energetics of baby corn (Zea mays)hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus) cropping system
Authors: R. PREETHAM  , K. AVIL KUMAR  , A. SRINIVAS  , A. MANOHAR RAO  , T. RAMPRAKASH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, during the rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) sea- sons of 201516 and 201617 at Adilabad, Telangana, to study the effect of nutrient-management practices on productivity, profitability and energetics of baby corn (Zea mays L.)hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus subsp. Purpureus) cropping system in a randomized block design, replicated thrice. Treatments comprised 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 25% N supplemented through FYM or vermicompost + 75% RDF with or without bio-fertilizers Azospirillum and Bacillus megaterium @ 5 kg/ha each in addition to the control. Each main treatment was divided into 4 sub-plots and the treatments of 100% RDF (20 kg N and 22 kg p/ha) and 75% RDF, both with or without Bradyrhizobium @ 500 g/ha (seed treatment) were imposed for hyacinth bean in the winter season and data of the winter season of 201516 and 201617 were analyzed in split-plot design. Application of 25% N through vermicompost in conjunction with 75% RDF and bio-fertilizer to baby corn during the rainy season and 100% RDF along with seed treatment with Bradyrhizobium to hyacinth bean during the winter season resulted in significantly higher system productivity, gross and net returns, benefit: cost ratio, gross energy output, energy effi- ciency and net energy over rest of the treatments.
Evaluation of wheat (Triticum species) varieties under extra-early sown conditions in Vertisols of Central India with restricted assured irrigation
Authors: K.C. SHARMA  , A.N. MISHRA  , S.V. SAIPRASAD  , K.S. SOLANKI
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201213, 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Indore for three consecutive years to find out suitable and high-yielding wheat varieties for extra-early sown condition in Central India under restricted period-assured irrigation condition. Treatments consisted of 3 dates of sowing, viz. 5 October, 20 October and 5 November in main plots and ten wheat varieties, viz. HI 8663, HI 8713 and HI 8627 varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. Durum) and HI 1531, HD 2987, GW 273, MP 3288, Lok 1, GW 366 and HI 1544 varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as sub-plots, evaluated in split-plot de- sign with 3 replications. Results show the growth and yield attributes, and grain and biological yields observed un- der 20 October and 5 November were at par but significantly higher than 5 October sowing. On pooled data basis, maximum values of wheat grain yield (4.48 t/ha), gross returns (GR) of `87.6 103/ha and production efficiency (PE) of 33.2 kg/ha/day were recorded under 20 October but the highest plant height, biological yield (12.0 t/ha), net returns (NE) of `40.9 103/ha, benefit: cost (B : C) ratio of 1.90, water-use efficiency (WUE) of 22.3 kg/ha-mm and net monetary use-efficiency (NMUE) of `303.2/ha/day were observed under 5 November sowing. Extra-early sowing (5 October) resulted in the lowest values of yields and other economical parameters but recorded the high- est values of 1,000-grain weight (49.4 g) and harvest index (40.9). Durum wheat variety HI 8713 was found to be most promising and gave the highest wheat grain yield of 4.61 t/ha, GR of `88.8 103/ha, NR of `41.6 103/ha, B : C ratio of 1.88, PE 34.1 kg/ha/day and NMUE of `308.4/ha/day, which were closely followed by bread wheat vari- ety HI 1544 (because of highest yield in 5 November sowing) and durum wheat variety HI 8663. The results indi- cated that sowing of wheat on 5 October under extra-early condition was not beneficial despite receiving extra irri- gation, and that durum varieties HI 8713 and HI 8663 under early-sown (20 October) and bread wheat variety HI 1544 under timely sown (5 November) conditions hold promise for realizing higher and economical wheat produc- tivity under restricted period assured irrigated conditions in Vertisols of Central India.
Integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources influences the nutrient content, uptake and nutrient use efficiencies of fodder oats (Avena sativa)
Authors: DINESH KUMAR  , MAGAN SINGH  , MANISH KUSHWAHA  , GOVIND MAKARANA  , M.R. YADAV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201819 and 201920 at Karnal, Haryana (India), to study the residual effect of maize (Zea mays L.) varieties and integrated nutrient-management practices on nutrient content, uptake and nutrient use efficiencies of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 3 replications. In main plot, the residual effect of 3 maize varieties (V , African Tall; V , 1 2 J 1006; V , P 3396) on oats and in subplot, 4 nutrient-management practices (N , Control; N , 100% RDF; N , 3 0 1 2 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) + Panchagavya spray; N , 3 50% RDF + 25% FYM + PGPR + Panchagavya spray) were studied. Results showed that different maize varieties were found statistically ineffective in producing the residual effect on yield, nutrient content and uptake of fodder oats. Among the nutrient management practices, an application of 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray re- sulted in significantly higher green fodder yield at I cut, II cut and total (36.7, 26.4 and 63.1 t/ha, respectively) as compared to the control and 100% RDF. Application of 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray and 50% RDF + 25% FYM + PGPR + Panchagavya spray significantly enhanced the nutrient content and uptake of fodder oats over the control. The maximum nutrient-use efficiencies, viz. partial factor productivity (69.6 kg DM/kg NPK ap- plied), agronomic efficiency (26.8 kg DM/kg NPK applied) and recovery efficiency (114.1%) were also found with the application of 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray, while the least values of these efficiencies were noted under 100% RDF through chemical fertilizers. Overall, the application of 75% RDF + PGPR + Panchagavya spray may be recommended to enhance the yield, nutrient content, uptake and nutrient-use efficiencies of fodder oats, besides replacing 25% RDF through chemical fertilizers.
Soil physico-chemical properties as affected by integrated use of blended fertilizer, cattle manure, vermicompost and mineral nitrogen and phosphorus in potato (Solanum tubersoum) in acidic soil of south-western Ethiopia
Authors: ISREAL ZEWIDE  , SANJAY SINGH  , LEMMA WOGI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in Belg (February to May) and Meher (June to October) seasons of 2020 at Abelo kebele in Masha district of Ehiopia, to determine the effects of blended mineral NPSB fertilizer, cattle ma- nure (CM), vermicompost (VC) and mineral NP on soil physico-chemical properties with a view to generate new data and extend community service to farmers. The fertilizer treatments consisted of 7.5 t CM/ha combined with 75% and 50% of recommended dose of NP fertilizers (RDF), 7.5 t VC/ha combined with 75, 50 and 25% of NP, 5 t VC/ha combined with 75% NP, 100 kg NPSB/ha + 61.5 kg P/ha + 146 kg N/ha, 150 kg NPSB + 53.7 kg P/ha + 138 kg N/ha, 200 kg NPSB + 46 kg P/ha + 128 kg N /ha, 100% of NP (165 kg N/ha+60 kg P/ha) and no-fertilizer treat- ment (control), making a total of 11 treatments. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete-block de- sign with 3 replications. Results indicated that the application of 75% of NP (124 kg/ha + 45 kg P/ha) combined with 7.5 t/ha VC significantly increased the soil pH (6 and 7.29%), organic carbon (62.3 and 119%), total N (85 and 135%), available P (64.72 and 62.66%), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) (16.5 and 31.92%), exchangeable Ca+2 (16.3 and 18.25%), exchangeable Mg+2 (19.8 and 141.42%), exchangeable K+ (7.14 and 18.33%) and reduced the bulk density (7.87 and 9.52%), exchangeable acidity (368 and 455%), exchangeable aluminum (377 and 249%) in Belg and Meher seasons, respectively. Thus, the use of 7.5 t VC/ha combined with 75% of mineral nitrogen (124 kg N/ha + 45 kg P/ha) could significantly enhance the soil physico-chemical properties of acidic soil over sole ap- plication of either 200% mineral NPSB or 150% mineral NPSB or 100% NP or control treatment.
Performance of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under long-term prescription-based fertilizer recommendation in Western Rajasthan
Authors: SURESH KUMAWAT  , S.K. KHARIA  , S.R. YADAV  , DINESH JINGER
Published: December 2023

To understand the impact of prescription-based fertilizer application on the performance of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] crop in loamy sandy soil, we started an experiment in 2018 which consisted of 5 treatments; general recommended dose, prescription-based fertilizer recommendation for 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha without compost, prescription-based fertilizer recommendation for 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha with compost. The results re- vealed that, prescription-based fertilizer recommendation with compost for target yield 2.0 t/ha produced signifi- cantly 28.5 and 10.8% higher seed yield than general recommended dose and prescription based fertilizer recom- mendation for target yield 2.0 t/ha without compost respectively. Similarly, growth and yield attributes parameters such as plant height, leaf area/plant, pod length, clusters/plant, pods/cluster, pods/plant, seeds/pod and test weights were also found significantly higher under prescription-based fertilizer recommendation for target yield 2.0 t/ha with compost than the other treatments. The prescription-based fertilizer recommendation with compost for target yield 2.0 t/ha enhanced significantly macronutrients (N, P and K) content uptake, protein and chlorophyll content.
Effect of nitrogen levels and varieties on economics and yield of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) under rainfed conditions
Authors: UPPU BHAVANI  , M. MALLA REDDY  , B. PADMAJA  , D. SAIDANAIK
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on sandy-loam soil carried out during the rainy season (kharif) of 2019 at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, to study the effect of nitrogen levels and varieties on growth and yield of little millet (Pani- cum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) under rainfed conditions. Treatments included 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N/ha) and 3 varieties OLM 203, VS 06 and VS 25, making 12 treatment combinations 15.13. Results indicated that, the highest gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio were obtained with 40 kg N/ha and among varieties, VS 25 variety recorded the highest gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio.
Bio-efficacy of metribuzin based herbicide mixtures on weeds and productivity of wheat
Authors: SARITA RANI  , SURESH KUMAR  , V.S. HOODA  , SATISH KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 201415 and 201516 at Hisar, Haryana, to study bioefficacy of metribuzin-based herbicide mixture on weeds and producitivty of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 5 wheat varieties WH 1105, HD 2967, DPW 621-50, WH 1124 and DBW 17 in main plots and 6 weed-management practices, viz. metribuzin (210 g/ha), metribuzin + fenoxaprop (150 + 100 g/ha), metribuzin + pinoxaden (150 + 40 g/ha) metribuzin + clodinafop (150 + 45 g/ha), weed-free and weedy check, in subplots, each replicated thrice. The wheat varieties did not affect the weed den- sity and weed dry-matter accumulation. Wheat variety WH 1105 resulted in the maximum grain, straw and biologi- cal yields, being statistically at par with HD 2967 and DPW 621-50, but significantly better over DBW 17 and WH 1124. Among the herbicides, the density of grassy and total weeds and their dry-matter accumulation at all stages were observed minimum with metribuzin + fenoxaprop which remained at par with other 2 combinations of metribuzin, whereas density and dry matter of broad-leaf weeds were found minimum with metribuzin alone (210 g/ha). Alone application of metribuzin resulted in the lowest grain yield of wheat as compared to all the other herbi- cidal treatments.
Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions
Authors: N.K. JAT  , D.V. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (Kharif) season of 2017 to 2019 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan to find the herbicide effective for mungbean [Vigna radiate (l.) R. Wilczek] in arid regions. The treatments comprised pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides along with hand-weeding, weed-free, and unweeded. Results re- vealed that, weed-control treatments brought about a 48.973.3% reduction in total weeds density and 46.8 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control. Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha, being at par to other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density (24.1/m2) and total weed dry weight (66.6 g/m2) with highest weed-control efficiency (80.1%) and showed the lowest values of weed index (18.4). Moreover, post-emergence application of clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha also exhibited weed-control efficiency (73.2%) and weed index (21.0) at par with other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2), pods/plant (24.7), 1,000-seed weight (55.2 g), seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha). Application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha also registered highest gross returns (`58.08 103/ha) and net returns (`42.58 103/ha) which were comparable to returns recorded under clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha being comparable with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha was also found superior in terms of impact assessment indices.
Performance of promising lentil (Lens culanaris) cultivars under zero-till condition for sustainable intensification of rice (Oryza sativa)fallows in eastern India
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR  , GOVIND MAKARANA  , J.S. MISHRA  , A.K. CHOUDHARY  , HANSRAJ HANS  , A. K. BISWAS  , UJJWAL KUMAR
Published: December 2023

An experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201718 and 201819 at Patna, Bihar, to iden- tify the most suitable lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) cultivars, which can perform better in zero-till condition of low- land rice (Oryza sativa L.)fallow production system. Results revealed that, among the lentil cultivars, Pusa Masoor 5 (2.20 t/ha) had higher seed yield and remained at par with Pusa Vaibhav, IPL 81, HUL 57, Arun and DPL 15. With respect to economic feasibility, Pusa Masoor 5 resulted in significantly higher gross returns (`123 103/ha), net returns (`92 103/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.9), respectively, as compared to IPL 316, DPL 62, Ranjan and K 75. Thus Pusa Masoor 5 followed by Pusa Vaibhav proved more stable and promising cultivars than the others in augmenting productivity as well as profitability under zero-till condition of ricefallows production system of eastern India.
Influence of time of planting and genotypes on leaf reddening, seed-cotton yield and productivity efficiency in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: VINAYAK HOSAMANI  , B.M. CHITTAPUR  , A.S. HALEPYATI  , VENKATESH HOSAMANI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2014–15 and 2015–16 at College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India, to study the interaction between cultivars (‘Bindas’, ‘Bunny-Bt’, ‘ATM’ and ‘Dr. Brent’) and planting time (II fortnight of June, and I and II first fortnights of July and August) on leaf reddening, seed-cotton yield and productivity efficiency, and a new measure to assess reddening tolerance in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Early sowing during June II fortnight particularly with cv. ‘Bindas’ showed lower leafreddening indices [0, 0, 0.62 and 0.86 at 90, 105, 120 and 135 days after sowing (DAS), respectively], higher seed-cotton yield (4.17 t/ha) and consequently higher productivity efficiency (0.48). However, higher leaf reddening (1.55, 1.99, 2.00 and 2.60, 1.67, 1.97, 1.99 and 2.56 at 90, 105, 120 and 135 DAS respectively) and lower seed-cotton yield (0.86 and 0.84 t/ha respectively) resulting in lower productivity efficiency (0.13 and 0.13 respectively) were registered with delayed sowing during II fortnight of August, particularly with reddening susceptible cultivars ‘Bunny-Bt’ and ‘Dr Brent’. In all, productivity efficiency emerged as effective inclusive tool in assessing leafreddening tolerance over leaf-reddening index alone in Bt cotton cultivars.
Effect of first irrigation scheduling and herbicides on productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: HARPREET SINGH  , KANWALJIT SINGH SANDHU  , KANIK KUMAR BANSAL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab. First irrigation timings, viz. I1 , 7 days after sowing (DAS); I2 , 14 DAS and I3 , 21 DAS, as main plot and herbicidal combinations, viz. W1 , pendimethalin 750 g/ha + bispyribac 25 g/ha at 25 DAS; W2 , pendimethalin 750 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha; W3, pendimethalin 750 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha + bispyribac 25 g/ha at 25 DAS; W4 , weedy check and W5 , weed-free as subplot treatments were conducted in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The results showed that, among the first irrigation scheduling, crop-growth parameters (plant height, dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index); yield attributes (effective tillers, grains/panicle, 1,000-grain weight); grain yield (53.9 q/ha); net returns (`71,326/ha) and benefit : cost (B : C) ratio (2.69) were maximum in I1 treatment. Among the herbicidal combinations, crop-growth parameters, yield-attributing characters, grain yield (57.2 q/ha), net returns (` 79,800/ha), B : C ratio (3.18) and weed-control efficiency were recorded highest in pendimethalin 750 g/ha + pyrazosulfuron 20 g/ha + bispyribac 25 g/ha at 25 DAS. Inclusion of bispyribac with other herbicides performed better in direct-seeded rice.
Sustaining Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) productivity and soil health through varietal diversification under diverse production systems
Authors: SHASHANK PATEL  , S.S. RATHORE  , KAPILA SHEKHAWAT  , RAMETI  , V.K. SINGH  , R.K. SINGH  , SUBHASH BABU  , MIR ASIF IQUEBAL
Published: December 2023

Indian mustard is one of the most important oilseed crop in India as it contributes maximally in domestic edible oil production. Inclusion of Indian mustard in cereal based cropping system is increasingly felt due to its beneficial effect in the system and comparatively lesser requirement of resources, hence lesser environmental footprints. To assess the feasibility of different cultures for profitable diversification, as field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020–21 at the research farm of IARI, New Delhi. The varietal diversification in Indian mustard has further helped in bringing the resilience in the production system. The study revealed that Pusa mustard 26 under integrated crop management system resulted in higher seed yield (2,206, kg/ha), biological yield (10,711 kg/ha), oil yield (877.0 kg/ha) and also enhanced net return (`76,060/ha).
Simulation and validation of response of ‘Shalimar wheat 2’ (Triticum aestivum) to sowing dates and nitrogen levels under rainfed conditions using DSSAT-CSM-CERES-wheat model
Authors: SHAHID BASHIR DAR  , RAIHANA HABIB KANTH  , WASEEM RAJA  , SHABIR AHMAD BANGROO  , ZAHIDA RASHID  , PARMEET SINGH
Published: December 2023

A-2 year experiment was carried out at Wadura, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir during 2015–16 and 2016–17 in a split-plot design, keeping 3 sowing dates (15 October, 30 October and 15 November) in mainplots and 4 nitrogen levels (0 kg, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha) in subplots, to simulate the response of Shalimar Wheat-2 var. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to sowing dates and nitrogen levels under rainfed conditions using DSSAT-CSM-CERES-Wheat. The pooled results of 2 years revealed that the highest grain yield of 4.46 t/ha, straw yield of 8.30 t/ha and biological yield of 12.8 t/ha were obtained when sowing was done on 15th October. The grain, straw and biological yields decreased by 17.33, 12.58 and 14.25% with delay in sowing from 15 October to 15 November, respectively. Genetic coefficients of newly evolved wheat cultivar ‘Shalimar Wheat 2’ were generated for calibration and validation of model CERES-wheat Ver.4.6 (DSSAT). The DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model performed well, as revealed by high correlation coefficient (r), low root mean square error (RMSE) and low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in simulating the days to anthesis (r, 0.99; RMSE, 3.9; MAPE, 1.84), maturity (r, 0.97; RMSE, 3.9; MAPE, 1.51), leaf area index (r, 0.90; RMSE, 0.2; MAPE, 6.22), grain yield (r, 0.92; RMSE, 0.39; MAPE, 17.85), and biological yield (r, 0.89; RMSE, 1.03; MAPE, 7.71). Also, a good line of fit (1:1) was found between the simulated and observed grain yield with R2 of 0.89.
Herbicidal weed-management options for dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) in North-Eastern Plains of India
Authors: MOHAMMAD HASHIM  , V.K. SINGH  , K.K. SINGH  , SHIVA DHAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Regional Station of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, to study the effect of herbicides in controlling mixed weed flora in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experimental results revealed that, the alone and sequential application of herbicides significantly reduced the weed density and biomass of complex weed flora. The growth and yield attributes, viz. plant height at maturity, effective tillers/m2 , 1,000grain weight, grains/panicle and panicle length, were significantly influenced by application of herbicides. Weed-free condition resulted in significantly highest grain yield (4.49 t/ha). Among different herbicidal treatments, application of pendimethalin @ 1,000 ml/ha followed by (fb) tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium (25 g/ha) + pyrazosulfuron (15 g/ha) resulted in higher plant height (110.7 cm), higher number of effective tillers (320.0/m2 ), grains/panicle (132.2), ear length (29.8 cm), grain yield (4.49 t/ha), net returns (` 70,600/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.67), which was superior to rest of the treatments. Application of pendimethalin (1,000 ml/ha) fb tank-mix application of bispyribac sodium (25 g/ha) + pyrazosulfuron (15 g/ha) significantly reduced the weed density (56.8/m2 ) and weed biomass (26.6 g/m2 ).
Energy budgeting, sensitivity analysis and greenhouse gas emission from rice (Oryza sativa) production system: A case study from the coastal ecosystem of Goa, India
Authors: V. PARAMESHA  , PARVEEN KUMAR  , K.K. MANOHARA  , K. VISWANATHA REDDY  , DINESH JINGER  , BAPPA DAS
Published: December 2023

In recent years, energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are of major concern across the globe. In this context, using data envelopment analysis, a study was carried out during 2019 and 2020 to determine the energy-usage pattern and efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in the coastal state. The results showed that, rice-production systems had energy-use efficiency, energy productivity, net energy, and human-energy profitability of 2.40, 0.16 MJ/kg, 15,728 MJ/ha and 42.8 respectively. Of the 30 farmers, 5 and 21 were judged to be efficient based on technical and pure technical efficiency, respectively. The mean scale efficiency of inefficient farmers was 0.68 which indicated scope for refining agricultural practices to input use. Nitrogen, farmyard manure, and seeds had a positive impact on crop yield, whereas labour and diesel had negative impact on both crop yield and energy, according to the econometric model. The main non-renewable inputs contributing to GHG emissions were found to be nitrogen fertilizer (72.1 kg CO2 eq./ha), fuel (68.5 kg CO2 eq./ha), and machinery (68.9 kg CO2 eq./ha). Indirect (81.7%) and non-renewable (73.8%) energy consumption was found higher. Our findings indicated that, farmers in this region should use conservation tillage and better crop-management strategies to save energy and minimize GHG emissions.
Crop-establishment methods and weed management effects on weeds, wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and economics under a conservation agriculture-based rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat system
Authors: RISHI RAJ  , T.K. DAS  , AMAL GHOSH  , PRABHU GOVINDASAMY  , VIKASH KUMAR  , SUBHASH BABU  , PRIYANKA SAHA  , SUMAN SEN  , ARKAPRAVA ROY  , TARUN SHARMA  , GOPAL TIWARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute during the winter (rabi) season of 2018–19 and 2019–20 involving 6 tillage and residue practices, viz. T1 , zero-till (ZT) direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (ZTDSR)–zero-till wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori & Paol] (ZTW); T2 , ZTDSR + wheat residue (WR)–ZTW + rice residue (RR); T3 , ZTDSR + WR + brown manuring (BM) – ZTW+RR; T4 , ZTDSR–ZTW– ZT mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] (ZTMB); T5, ZTDSR + mungbean residue (MBR) – ZTW + RR – ZTMB+WR; T6 , puddled transplanted rice (PTR)–conventional till wheat (CTW) in main plot; and 4 weed-control treatments, i.e. W1 , un-weeded control; W2 , Total (ready mix of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl) 0.040 kg/ha at 30 day after sowing (DAS); W3 , tank-mixture of clodinafop-propargyl 0.060 kg/ha + metsulfuron-methyl 0.004 kg/ha at 30 DAS; W4 , tank-mixture of clodinafop-propargyl 0.060 kg/ha + carfentrazone-ethyl 0.02 kg/ha at 30 DAS in sub-plot under a split-plot design and replicated thrice. Treatment T6 resulted in significantly higher population and dry weight of littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.), yellow sweet clover [Melilotus indica (L.) All.] and swine cress [Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith] than other treatments, whereas, population and dry weight of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), sour dock (Rumex dentatus L.) and annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) were significantly higher under T1 and T4 treatments. The treatment T5 registered ~62, 44, 35, 31 and 24% lower population of P. minor than T6 , T1 , T4 , T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. Similarly, total weed population and total weed dry weight were ~38 and 33% lower under T5 compared with T6 treatment respectively. Better wheat growth and lower weed interference under T5 treatment led to 14.6% higher wheat grain yield under this treatment than T6 . The tank- mix of clodinafop-propargyl + metsulfuron significantly reduced the population and dry weight of all weeds compared to UWC and it led to 88.9% weed-control efficiency (WCE) and 89.4% weed-control index (WCI) in wheat. Therefore, growing of wheat under zero-till triple cropping system with rice, wheat and mungbean residues (T5 ) combined with tank-mix application of clodinafop + metsulfuron at 30 DAS may be recommended for better weed management, and higher productivity and profitability from wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India and in similar agro-ecologies of the tropics/ sub-tropics.
Growth indices, photosynthetic parameters and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare) as influenced by sowing dates and cutting management
Authors: BALWINDER SINGH DHILLON  , HARI RAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2015–16 and 2016–17 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the effect of staggered sowing on growth indices, photosynthetic parameters and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to different cutting management. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 sowing dates, viz. 15 October, 30 October and 15 November in main plots and 5 cutting management, viz. un-cut (control), cut at 50 days after sowing (DAS), cut at 60 DAS, cut at 50 DAS + additional 15 kg N/ha after cut (N15) and cut at 60 DAS + additional 15 kg N/ha after cut (N15)] in subplots, replicated 4 times. The results indicated that, the crop sown on 15 October registered the highest values of absolute growth rate (AGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) up to 120 days of crop-growth. Thereafter, crop sown on 15 November showed higher AGR and CGR values than that sown on 15 October and 30 October. Relative growth rate (RGR) was the highest in the crop sown on 15 October up to 30 days; 30 October up to 120 days and 15 November thereafter. Fodder cut at 50 DAS and cut at 50 DAS + N15 treatments resulted in the negative values of AGR, CGR and RGR during 30–60 DAS. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased significantly and progressively with each delay in sowing. Uncut crop recorded the highest transpiration rate (0.53 m mol/m2/sec), whereas the crop cut at 60 DAS resulted in the lowest transpiration rate (0.26 m mol/m2 /sec). Crop sown on 15 October resulted in 11.9 and 47.9% more grain yield and 18.3 and 25.2% more fodder yield than that sown on 30 October and 15 November, respectively. Control and cutting for fodder at 50 DAS gave similar grain yields, but were significantly higher than the other cutting-management treatments.
Influence of the best management practices on performance of dual-purpose baby corn (Zea mays) under eastern Himalayas
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR  , BIDYUT C. DEKA  , A. THIRUGNANAVEL  , PRAVIN KUMAR UPADHYAY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2013–15 at the ICAR–Research Complex for North-Eastern Hill Region, Nagaland Centre, Jharnapani, Medziphema, Nagaland, to evaluate the effect of mulching, liming and integrated nutrition for maximizing the productivity of recently introduced crop baby corn (Zea mays L.) in the region. The results revealed that, use of straw mulches significantly increased the yield attributes of baby corn. Significantly higher yields of green baby cob (10.8 t/ha), baby corn (1.84 t/ha) and green fodders (34.65 t/ha) were recorded with application of 1.0 t lime/ha but was on a par with 0.5 t lime/ha. Similarly, higher yields of green baby cob (10.56 t/ha), baby corn (2.02 t/ha) and green fodder (34.95 t/ha) were noted with application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer through inorganic sources (RDF (IN) + 25% RDF through organic sources (ON). Hence, use of straw mulch integrated with application of lime in furrow @ 1.0 t/ha along with 100% RDF (IN: N-P-K-S-Zn: represents 150-80-60-30-10 kg/ha) + 25% RDF (ON) may be adopted and promoted to achieve the maximum crop productivity of baby corn under the foot-hill condition of eastern Himalayas.