bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Population Related Environment Factor in Coastal Water of Pabean Ilir, Indramayu
Authors: Qurani Risma , Yulianda Fredinan , Samosir Agustinus Mangaratua
Published: September 2021

Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg, 1793) is a benthic organisme that tend to live and settle in the bottom. One of the pacific oyster habitat is Coastal Water of Pabean Ilir, Indramayu. The purpose of this study was to map spatial condition of the population related habitat of the oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The mapping were done with laptop, using Arc GIS. There were 15 points of sampling. The oyster population in Pabean Ilir can be categorized into three categories: low, medium, and high density. Based on the similarity of environmental characteristics the habitat were divided into four groups. Condition Coastal Water of Pabean Ilir such as temperature, salinity, pH, BOD, TSS, TDS, COD, and composition of substrate indicated Coastal Water of Pabean Ilir have compatibility optimum sufficient habitat to support the growth of pacific oyster
Antibacterial Potential Chloroform Extract of Photobacterium phosphoreum Bacteria Symbiotic in Light Organs of Squid Loligo duvauceli
Authors: Putriyani Iin , Pringgenies Delianis , Ridlo Ali
Published: September 2021

Microorganisms that live in association with marine invertebrates are able to produce a compound similar  to those produced by marine invertebrates and are thought to be potential as bioactive materials. Supplement  extracts from the Photobacterium phosphoreum bacterial culture have been shown to have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial activity of the chloroform extract of Photobacterium  phosphoreum biomass against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and  Escherichia coli. The extraction process was carried out by the liquid-liquid extraction method. Fractionation was  performed using Open Column Chromatography (KKT). The antibacterial activity test was conducted by the agar diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer. The results showed that for the antibacterial activity test of crude  extract, the largest inhibition zone diameter occurred in Escherichia coli with a concentration of 50 µg / disk at 24 h incubation, namely (9.80 ± 0.75 mm), while the smallest inhibition zone diameter occurred in Salmonella sp. by  giving a concentration of 10 µg / disk at an incubation time of 48 hours, namely (6.03 ± 0.05) mm. Of the 6  fractions resulting from crude extract fractionation, it was known that fraction 5 was the most active fraction and  inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria. The largest inhibition zone diameter occurred in Escherichia coli (9.83  ± 0.28) mm, while the smallest inhibition zone diameter occurred in Salmonella sp. (8.63 ± 0.20 mm)
Back Matter
Authors: Jmi Admin
Published: September 2021

Back matter
Reconstruction of Light Organ in Squid With The Histological Method of Electron Transmission Microscope
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Ariyanto Dafit
Published: September 2021

The light organ is an electronic device that can emit light. However, there are light organs in animals that can produce light naturally. Loligo duvaucelii is a species whose biolumenesence comes from fluorescent bacteria that live in symbiosis in its ink sacs. This study aims to determine in detail the construction of the squid light organ using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method. The results showed that this type of squid has a pair of light organs attached to the dorso-lateral ink sac. The light organ is spherical, some are found on the surface and some are embedded on the wall of the ink sac. It consists of a lens that is located on the outer surface of the ink sac, and a sac of light organs (embedded on the wall of the ink sac) with channels connecting the pocket to the mantle cavity. The wall of the sac of the light organ consists of three layers, namely the innermost layer which is multi-fold with microvilli on the cell surface and between the folds of the sac populated with bacteria, the dense layer that acts as a reflector, and the pigment layer. Cilia are observed on the surface of the duct connecting the sac with the mantle cavity. This study concluded that the construction of the squid light organ has a convex-shaped lens structure and is muscular. In the pockets of light organs, a dense population of bacteria is found. The reflector consists of many layers, and the pigment layer contains many granules.
Ecomorphology of Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Kuala Gigieng Waters, Aceh Besar District
Authors: Octavina Chitra , Yulianda Fredinan , Krisanti Majariana , Setyobudiandi Isdradjad
Published: September 2021

Ostrea edulis is one of the most common types of meat oysters and is commonly consumed by people in Kuala Gigieng, but until now there is not much scientific information about this species. The purpose of this study was to describe the ecomorphology of Ostrea edulis in Kuala Gigieng waters. This research was conducted from August to September 2013 in Kuala Gigieng Waters, Aceh Besar District. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. Identification of samples based on shell morphological characteristics including the exterior and interior of the shell using a magnifier lamp. The results showed that Ostrea edulis found in Kuala Gigieng waters had round, rough, hard, thick and uneven shells. The two valves are also not the same size, where the left valve is more concave than the right valve which tends to be flat. This is a form of the adaptation pattern of Ostrea edulis in Kuala Gigieng which tends to have a medium sand and clay sand substrate with a fairly high predation from both natural and human predation.
Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Nudibranchia di Perairan Tulamben, Bali
Authors: Marchel Marchel , Zahida Felicia , Yuda Ign. Pramana
Published: September 2021

Nudibranchia is the largest order of Opistobranchia which is known to have about 3,000 species. Nudibranchia is a popular macro photography object among divers. Although Tulamben Waters, Bali is one of popular destination for macrobiota’s habitat, but research on marine biota, especially nudibranchia in these waters is still very rare. This study uses two methods, which is direct observation to reveal diversity and species number, belt transect methods to estimate density or abundance per sampling area using diving techniques . A transect line of 50 m at each point of observation site was used to evaluate abundance. This study wants to see the level of diversity, mapping various species and abundance of nudibranchia. For biodiversity, 31 species from 15 families are found, Chromodoridae, Dorididae, Elysiidae, Facelinidae, Flabellinidae, Goniodorididae, Halgerdidae, Hexabranchidae, Phyllidiidae Polyceridae, Hydatinidae, Costasiellidae, Elysiidae and Limapontiidae. Whereas the transect method found 12 species from 6 families, Chromodoridae, Facelinidae, Phyllidiidae Aglajidae, Costasiellidae, and Elysiidae. With a diversity index of 2.27 and the highest level of abundance found in Pteraeolidia ianthina species with a relative abundance of 0.19%.
Front Matter
Authors: Nurinsiyah Ayu Savitri , Pringgenies Delianis
Published: September 2021

Jurnal Moluska Indonesia (JMI) merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Masyarakat Moluska Indonesia. Jurnal ini terbentuk oleh inisiatif masyarakat moluska indonesia yag terdiri dari dosen, peneliti, mahasiswa, praktisi, dan stakeholders pada tanggal 17 April 2020 di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Moluska Indonesia (JMI) mempunyai ruang lingkup meliputi ekologi, konservasi dan biodiversitas, budidaya, sosial budaya, penangkapan, dan mikrobioteknologi. Waktu publikasi Jurnal Moluska Indonesia (JMI) pada April dan Oktober. Harapan dan ekspektasi yang tinggi terkait Jurnal Moluska Indonesia ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan, pedoman, inventarisasi keanekaragaman, dan pengelolaan sumber daya Moluska di Indonesia
Stage one endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma: is there a role of traditional hospital follow-up in the detection of cancer recurrence in women after treatment?
Authors: Nikolopoulos Manolis , Godfrey Michelle A.L. , Sohrabi Fareeda , Wong Min , Bhatte Deepali , Wuntakal Rekha
Published: September 2021

Objective To investigate the rate of asymptomatic recurrence of stage 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer and assess the role of routine hospital follow-up after treatment.Methods We performed a retrospective case-note review study of women who were diagnosed with stage 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma at Queen’s Hospital, Romford, between January 2008 and December 2016.Results We included 299 patients with a median follow-up period of 44.4 months. All the patients underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was offered to the patients subsequent to discussions in the multidisciplinary team meeting in accordance with the risk stratification criteria. There was no significant correlation between the risk factors and disease recurrence. In total, 11 patients presented with recurrent disease with original staging: 1a, n=6/199; and 1b, n=5/100. Four patients presented with vaginal bleeding due to vault recurrence and one patient with abdominal pain due to pelvic mass. Locoregional recurrence was an incidental finding in two other patients. Four patients presented with symptomatic distant metastases to the lung (n=2), liver (n=1), and bone (n=1). No asymptomatic recurrences were identified on routine follow-ups, despite several hospital appointments and clinical examinations. The recurrence rate for patients with stage 1a and 1b, grade 1, and grade 2 disease was 3.53%, and that for patients with stage 1a, grade 1, and grade 2 disease was 2.7%.Conclusion Routine clinical examinations have a low yield in finding recurrence in asymptomatic women and should be questioned for their value, considering the limited resources of the National Health Service (NHS). Larger studies are required to support a stratified follow-up, which will include telephone and patient-initiated follow-up.
Prognostic significance of tumor laterality in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Mabuchi Seiji , Kawahara Naoki , Kawaguchi Ryuji
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating tumor laterality into the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for advanced ovarian cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 131 patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. To investigate the prognostic significance of tumor laterality, we divided the patients into unilateral and bilateral groups. The prognostic significance of tumor laterality (bilateral vs. unilateral) was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The effect of incorporating tumor laterality into the FIGO staging system to predict survival outcomes was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsBoth overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were longer in the unilateral group than in the bilateral group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor laterality was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio, 1.75; confidence interval, 1.05-2.92; P=0.032). In patients with stage III disease, the bilateral group had a shorter OS than the unilateral group, but it was comparable to the OS in stage IV patients (P=0.354). The incorporation of tumor laterality into the FIGO staging system improved the stratification of survival probabilities.ConclusionTumor laterality can be an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The incorporation of tumor laterality may improve the predictive performance of the FIGO staging system in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Rooting of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Cuttings From the Peruvian Northeast
Authors: Tejada-Alvarado José Jesús , Meléndez-Mori Jegnes Benjamín , Vilca-Valqui Nuri Carito , Huaman-Huaman Eyner , Oliva Manuel
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of five wild accessions of blueberry (HCHA-262, HCHA-271, HCHA-283, HCHA-286, and HCHA-290) obtained from natural populations in the province of Chachapoyas (northern Peru). Buds were collected from the middle third of the plant and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg L−1. The results indicated that of the IBA doses, the 2,000-mg L−1dose achieved the best effects on the rooting percentage and the lengths and numbers of roots and shoots of each accession studied. Accessions HCHA-262 and HCHA-283 showed greater regeneration of new seedlings than the other accessions after 45 days. The rhizogenic capacity of the cuttings varied because of the influences of both the IBA concentration and the genotype of the mother plant.
Revenue recognition and measurement in accordance with IFRS 15 and the Polish GAAP – a comparison
Authors: Gierusz Jerzy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this article is to assess the scale of differences between IFRS 15 and Polish GAAP in terms of revenue recognition.
Methodology/approach: The methods used include studies of professional articles and legal acts, including the Polish Accounting Act, Polish Accounting Standards and relevant IAS/IFRS.
Findings: The research has proven that Polish regulations can be categorised into two seg-ments. The first segment is KSR 15, which, compared to IFRS 15, contains very similar regulations regarding the general criteria for revenue recognition, including time point and measurement basis. The second segment comprises the Polish Accounting Act and KSR 3, which are based on international standards which are already superseded – IAS 11 and IAS 18, which dealt with revenue recognition over time.
Practical implications: The article points out the differences between Polish and interna-tional regulation in terms of revenue recognition, which may play an important role for entities changing the basis for preparing their financial statements from Polish GAAP to IFRS.
Originality: The article is the first attempt to compare the scale of similarities between the two sets of regulations in terms of revenue measurement and recognition
Introduction
Authors: Prescott Christopher
Published: September 2021

The articles in the present volume are the result of two workshops held at the Norwegian Institute in Rome that are both robustly disciplinary, but simultaneously raise issues beyond the disciplinary bounds of art history (into philosophy, history of ideas and history) and archaeology (into criminology, heritage studies and contemporary sociology and politics). The first was organised by DniR-researcher Mattia Biffis in October 2019, The Art of Truth: Providing Evidence in Early Modern Bologna. The second section is based on a digital workshop organised by DniR-researcher Samuel Hardy in collaboration with the Heritage Experience Initiative project at the University of Oslo in October 2020, Handling of Cultural Goods and Financing of Political Violence.
 
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585. Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
L' ultima opera di Malvasia: 'Il Claustro di S. Michele in Bosco' e la decorazione carraccesca tra finzione e verità
Authors: Matarazzo Maria Gabriella
Published: September 2021

The Carracci's decorative vocabulary (from the early Bolognese friezes to the cycles of the Farnese Gallery in Rome and of the Cloister of San Michele in Bosco in Bologna) made extensive use of anthropomorphic supports, especially telamons and terms. Painted with a monochromatic technique, they deceived the beholder for their effective imitation of marble sculptures that illusively jut from the surface of the wall. While art historical scholarship mainly discussed them in regard to their chronology, attribution, iconography and their relationship with the Cinquecento decoration systems, their early reception still lacks a comprehensive assessment. This essay aims to undertake it through the case study of Il Claustro di S. Michele in Bosco, the last art-historical work by Malvasia. A section of this booklet is dedicated to the chiaroscuro"Termini" flanking the episodes of the life of St. Benedict painted by Ludovico Carracci and his pupils in the cloister of the Bolognese Olivetan monastery. Giacomo Giovannini, the engraver to whom Malvasia commissioned the illustrations included in the volume, also reproduced these painted sculptures in four etchings. By referring to a central couplet from the famous sonnet by Agostino Carracci "in lode di Nicolò Bolognese", he characterized Ludovico's (and Reni's) telamons as Michelangiolesque in their contour and Tizianesque in their naturalezza, as opposed to Annibale's terms frescoed in the Farnese Gallery, whose style Malvasia considered too harsh and dry ("statuino"). In this essay, Malvasia's notes on the cloister's telamons will be compared to his previous critical works and will be contextualized within the seventeenth-century Literature of Art and the coeval reproductive printmaking. As I will demonstrate, Malvasia aimed to restore the central role played by Agostino and Ludovico in the renovation of this decorative style, a role that was obscured by Annibale's growing fame in this genre of painting, particularly driven by the prints after his frescoes in the Farnese Palace published in the second half of the seventeenth century.
 
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
Arbeitsrechtlicher Anspruch auf Weiterbildung in der digitalen Arbeitswelt
Authors: Balkie Patrik
Published: September 2021

This Thesis provides an in-depth review of the employees right to further education in labor law context. Based on the transformation of the working environment caused by digitalization, this dissertation will examine options in the individual employment law as well as in the work constitution law. In addition, the justification of the basis of claim is as well addressed as the content of the claims. The financial issues regarding further education were also discussed in particular. The question about reasonableness of further education, as it is always a matter of the individual case. As a result, a mode of consideration is presented. In addition cross-refences to the collectively agreed further education are also taken in.
Ovarian Cancer Tumour Biology: Genesis
Authors: Varga Ján
Published: September 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women, thus early diagnosis is of paramount importance to survival. A clear OC etiopathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Large histopathological variability predicts more initial tissue for carcinogenesis. Many connections of biologically different tissue as locus minoris resistentiae for carcinogenesis have been confirmed. Expansion of knowledge about OC etiopathogenesis may help to construct an algorithm for early diagnosis. Ovarian surface epithelium, ectopic Müllerian epithelium, and fallopian tubes, along with endometriosis, are significant in the process of OC development. An oxidative microenvironment caused by recurrent ovulation or arising due to a degradative process in ectopic endometrium, mainly endometriomas, play a prominent role in the development of OC.
Incorporating Silages into Preweaned Dairy Calf Diets
Authors: I. Kehoe Sylvia , Górka Paweł , J. Cao Zhijun
Published: September 2021

Supplementing forage to preweaned calves has shown some positive effects, such as stabilization of the rumen environment, limiting abnormal behaviors, and increasing starter intake. However, dry forages can be limited and cost prohibitive in some areas of the world. Contrastingly, ensiled forages are commonly found on most dairy farms and are low cost. Therefore, the objective of this review was to focus specifically on ensiled forages and how they affect preweaned calves. There are few studies that have focused on providing ensiled forages and most of them have used corn silage. Although impacts on rumen development and nutrient digestibility have been variable, feed intake and efficiency were not affected in most reviewed studies. Growth and health parameters were also either not affected or improved. Therefore, with careful silage feeding management, the supplementation of ensiled feeds may be used to provide similar benefits of dry forages to preweaned dairy calves.
The Meniscus Deficient Knee: Options for Repair and Reconstruction
Authors: Brown Matthew
Published: September 2021

The preservation of the structure of the meniscus despite a tear has been widely discussed in the literature. However, meniscectomy continues to be the most-performed meniscus surgery. In a percentage of patients, knee pain and swelling, as well as tibial plateau bony edema, follow meniscus resection; this panoply of symptoms is known as “post-meniscectomy syndrome”. The management of this condition requires meniscus transplant in case of total meniscectomy or a meniscus scaffold in the case of a partial resection. This chapter aims to discuss the indication, surgical technique, and outcomes of collagen meniscus implants (CMI) for partial resections and meniscus transplants for full resections.
Pathogenicity Mechanism of Candida albicans
Authors: Pattnaik Snigdha , Maharana Laxmidhar , Sethi Manoj
Published: September 2021

In normal human microbiome, the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a crucial member. C. albicans resides mostly in individual as harmless commensal life. In specific situations, however, C. albicans can cause diseases that cause contaminations of the skin to life-threatening fundamental contaminations. Pathogenesis of Candida species is contributed by multiple factors. Some of the major contributors are enlisted here. These include host pathogen interaction, receptors molecule like TLR recognition, TLR signaling, C type lectin receptors, Dectin 1,2 and 3, mannose receptor, mincle, DC sign, Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs) and inflammasomes, soluble molecules in candida recognition, cellular responses to candida such as neutrophils, macrophages. This chapter enlightens all the components of candida pathogenicity by the assessment of Candida species pathogenic determinants. All together these will explain the current knowledge about how these determinant factors and receptors modulate virulence as well as consequent infection. Better understanding of candida pathogenicity mechanism can be the resultant of better treatment guidelines along with development of novel antifungal agents. Overall, in this review we present an update in the current understanding of the insight of pathogenicity mechanisms in this important human pathogen.
Optimizing Innovative Leadership and Followership
Authors: E. Grunberg Neil , S. Barry Erin , Morrow-Fox Michael , Metcalf Maureen
Published: September 2021

Leadership and followership development are increasingly recognized as important in all fields of the workforce. The Innovative Leadership Model helps leaders increase self-understanding and optimize the performance of organizations by focusing on Leader Type, Developmental Perspective, Resilience, Situational Analysis, and Leadership Behaviors and Mindsets. The Leader-Follower Framework identifies key elements – Character, Competence, Communication, Context – to guide the development of individual leaders and followers across four psychosocial levels – Personal, Interpersonal, Team, Organizational. Each of these approaches has value and has been applied in various settings and contexts. The present chapter offers a new insight relevant to leadership by combining these two perspectives and their component elements. Understanding and developing each of these elements will optimize effective leadership and followership in a wide range of situations and settings.
CRISPR Cas/Exosome Based Diagnostics: Future of Early Cancer Detection
Authors: Mubthasima P.P. , Pande Kaumudi , Prakash Rajalakshmi , Kannan Anbarasu
Published: September 2021

Trending and Thriving, CRISPR/Cas has expanded its wings towards diagnostics in recent years. The potential of evading off targeting has not only made CRISPR/Cas an effective therapeutic aid but also an impressive diagnostic tool for various pathological conditions. Exosomes, 30 - 150nm sized extracellular vesicle present and secreted by almost all type of cells in body per se used as an effective diagnostic tool in early cancer detection. Cancer being the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality can be effectively targeted if detected in the early stage, but most of the currently used diagnostic tool fails to do so as they can only detect the cancer in the later stage. This can be overcome by the use of combo of the two fore mentioned diagnostic aids, CRISPR/Cas alongside exosomes, which can bridge the gap compensating the cons. This chapter focus on two plausible use of CRISPR/Cas, one being the combinatorial aid of CRISPR/Cas and Exosome, the two substantial diagnostic tools for successfully combating cancer and other, the use of CRISPR in detecting and targeting cancer exosomes, since they are released in a significant quantity in early stage by the cancer cells.
Transverse Thermal Instability of Radiative Plasma with FLR Corrections for Star Formation in ISM
Authors: Kaothekar Sachin
Published: September 2021

Impact of porosity, rotation and finite ion Larmor radius (FLR) corrections on thermal instability of immeasurable homogeneous plasma has been discovered incorporating the effects of radiative heat-loss function and thermal conductivity. The general dispersion relation is carried out with the help of the normal mode analysis scheme taking the suitable linearized perturbation equations of the difficulty. This general dispersion relations is further reduces for rotation axis parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Thermal instability criterion establishes the stability of the medium. Mathematical calculations have been performed to represent the impact of different limitations on the growth rate of thermal instability. It is found that rotation, FLR corrections and medium porosity stabilize the growth rate of the medium in the transverse mode of propagation. Our outcome of the problem explains that the rotation, porosity and FLR corrections affect the dens molecular clouds arrangement and star configuration in interstellar medium.
Cervical Cancer Elimination by 2030: The “SMASH” Strategy of Raj © A Global Public Health Treatise
Authors: Rajkumar Rajamanickam
Published: September 2021

Cervical cancer is a leading cancer among women, being the second most gynecological cancers in the developing countries, accounting for about 6 million new cases every year and 3.5 million deaths. The Cervical cancer is easily detectable by simple screening tests, like visual inspection methods, pap smear examination, and the recent HPV DNA test methods. If the precancer conditions are diagnosed, treatment can be done by ablation or excisional methods. The women can be followed by periodic cervical biopsy examinations, ideally once in 6 months for 3 years. If, at the end of 3 years, there is no evidence of cervical precancer, then the women will not develop invasive cancer stages. The HPV vaccination of adult and adolescent girls, offer more than 90% protection against Cervical Cancer. Thus, Cervical cancers are early detectable, effectively treatable and successfully preventable. The author, having been the Principal Investigator for one of the largest Cervical Cancer Screening programs in India, atAmbillikai, Tamil Nadu, India, during 2000–2007, which was in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer – IARC / WHO. The program was successful in reducing the Incidence Rate of Cervical Cancer by 25% and Mortality Rate due to Cervical Cancer, by 35% in a span of 5 years. From the experiences of this “Proof of Concept” project, the author has advocated, “SMASH” strategy of Raj©, for Cervical Cancer Elimination by 2030, which is deliberated in detail, i n this chapter. Hope that, this will serve as a Global Public Health Treatise, for the health care planners and providers in particular and the community at large, worldwide.
Quercetin Reduces Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in LX-2 Cell Line
Authors: Shakerian Elham , Akbari Rasoul , Mohammadtaghvaei Narges , Mohammadi Gahrooie Mehrnoosh , Afarin Reza
Published: September 2021

Background: Liver fibrosis has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis and can eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During fibrogenesis, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain active and continuously produce more extracellular matrix (ECM). Quercetin, one of the main flavonoids in vegetables, has shown hepatoprotective potential, but its effects on liver fibrosis are not apparent. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic activity of quercetin following stimulation of TGF-β in the LX-2 cell line (a type of HSC-derived cell line) and its underlying mechanism in vitro. Methods: The LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. Next, the cells were treated with quercetin for 24 h, and the mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen1α1, and p-Smad3 protein levels were measured. Results: The results showed that the expression of α-SMA, collagen 1α1 (COL1α1) genes, and also the level of p-Smad3 protein in the presence of TGF-β increased significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, quercetin in concentrations of 75 and 100 μM inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and COL1α1 genes and the p-Smad3 protein in LX-2 cells. Conclusions: We conclude that quercetin inhibits further activation of HSCs by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway and reduces ECM accumulation during liver fibrosis in vitro, and may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, the use of quercetin is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Two new species of the planthopper genus Eponisiella Emeljanov from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Meenoplidae)
Authors: Lv Sha-sha , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: September 2021

Two new species of the genus Eponisiella Emeljanov, 1984 are described and illustrated from China (Guizhou and Shandong Provinces). These are E. dafangensis sp. nov. and E. shandongensis sp. nov., giving the genus eight species in total. A key to the species of Eponisiella is provided as well as a map of their geographic distribution, which is briefly discussed.
Constellations versus hero: a conversation with Mary Miss
Authors: Wall Ed
Published: September 2021

By developing frameworks of carefully structured art, science, and urban community collaborations, City as Living Laboratory (CALL) forms constellations of projects that aim to make tangible and address environmental concerns, including the climate crisis, urban equity, and health. Founded by the artist Mary Miss, CALL denies the singularity and monumentality of many public art works to instead focus on �constellations� of situated walks, conversations, and initiatives that lead to specific projects. This article, structured around an interview with Mary Miss, discusses the potential of art practices that organise to create change, empowering people and transforming marginalised landscapes. It reveals how such practices can make visible local environmental conditions while also addressing challenges of the climate crisis.
2020-Vision: understanding climate (in)action through the emotional lens of loss
Authors: Jones Lisa , Halstead Florence , Parsons Katie J. , Le Hue , Bui Ly Thi Ha , Hackney Christopher R. , Parson Daniel R.
Published: September 2021

We are the midst of a climate emergency requiring urgent climate action that is as yet unforthcoming both on the scale and at the speed needed. This article considers this current state of inaction and how we might understand the processes of attitudinal and behavioural change needed through the emotional framework of loss. These issues are further explored through the additional lens of the year 2020, a year of tumultuous social change created by the COVID�19 pandemic. The article draws parallels with and looks to learn from the ways in which the collective loss experienced as a result of COVID�19 may offer a sense of hope in the fight not just against climate change but for climate justice. The article argues that appropriate leadership that guides widespread climate action from all is best sought from those groups already facing the loss of climate change and therefore already engaged in climate-related social action and activism, including youth and Indigenous peoples.
Climate activism: afterword
Authors: Strathern Marilyn
Published: September 2021

A short �Afterword� commenting on the multidisciplinary nature of the articles, and their appropriateness to the multi-purposed orientations to be found in climate change activism. It touches on the importance of diverse frames of thought: one crisis is also many crises.
Introduktion: Samtidens usikkerhed
Authors: Risør Torsten , Andersen Rikke Sand , Tørring Marie Louise
Published: September 2021

Vores samfund forandrer sig kontinuerligt; teknologier samt demografiske og kulturelle tendenser ændrer vores vilkår og rammer for erkendelse – den måde vi ræsonnerer på, og de muligheder vi har for at træffe valg og handle gennem livet. Menneskers oplevelser og håndtering af usikkerhed og uvished i forbindelse med sygdom og lidelse kalder derfor til hver en tid på empirisk forskning og diskussion. Etymologisk henleder ordet usikkerhed til ’en tilstand af fare’ eller ’at være i en ubehagelig situation’. Ordet er flertydigt og danner meningsfællesskaber med uvished, tilfældighed, uro, ubeslutsomhed, skepsis og ikke mindst tvivl. Denne flertydighed reflekteres formentlig i det paradoksale forhold, at når vi taler om lidelse, sygdom og død, er disse uforudsigelige og dog uundgåelige hændelser i et menneskes liv.
Efterskælv: Pejlinger af terrorfrygtens anatomi
Authors: Laustsen Carsten Bagge
Published: September 2021

Terroren er intimt forbundet med følelsen af frygt. Artiklen giver en række redskaber til begrebsligt at kunne indkredse denne frygt. Det gøres idehistorisk, individualpsykologisk, socialpsykologisk, sociologisk og med udgangspunkt i terrorens anatomi. Hvad er det ved terroren, som gør at vi frygter den mere end andre trusler mod liv og helbred? Hvordan kan vi begrebsligt indkredse den rystelse, som terroren sætter i os: som frygt eller angst? Og hvilken betydning har det, hvordan vi begrebsliggør truslen: som risici eller katastrofer? Og sidst og ikke mindst, hvad betyder den måde, som vi militært og politisk møder terroren for vores ængstelse for den? Artiklens titel – Efterskælv – sigter til de konsekvenser, terroren har for ikke de umiddelbare ofre, men for alle dem, som ser på eller hører om den. Det vil sige for os alle sammen.Aftershock: Investigating the anatomy of the fear of terror Terror is intimately connected to the feeling of fear. The article offers a number of tools to conceptually narrow down this fear historically, psychologically and sociologically. The starting point is the anatomy of fear. What is it about terror that makes us fear it so much more than other threats to life and health? How can we conceptually narrow down the shock that terror causes as fear or anxiety? What does it mean when we conceptualise the threat as risk or catastrophe? And last but not least, what are the consequences of the way we with our military and politics meet terror in connection with our anxiety? The title of the article – Aftershock – hints at the aftermath of terror – not for the immediate victims, but for all of those who witness or hear about it. That means all of us.
KORPORATIVNA ODGOVORNOST POSTOVANJA LJUDSKIH PRAVA
Authors: Postin Jasmina , Stojkovic Hadzi Strahinja , Konjikusic Marko , Jagodic Rusic Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Ljudska prava su osnovna prava svakog ljudskog bica, nezavisno od rase, pola, religije, poli- tickog misljenja, socijalnog statusa ili bilo koje druge osobine. Iako su ljudska prava drzavna odgovornost, sve veci broj kompanija postaje svestan doprinosa u podrzavanju i postovanju ljudskih prava. Ljudska prava su jedno od najizazovnijih podrucja korporativne odgovornosti kompanija. Postoje uverljivi razlozi zasto kompanije treba da ukljucuju ljudska prava u njihove politike i prakse. Potrebno je da kompanije integrisu razmatranje o ljudskim pravima u svoje svakodnevno poslovanje, a kao podrska ovom konceptu delovanja potrebne su i bolje mogucno- sti za odnose sa javnoscu, stampom i drugim medijima. Cilj ovog rada jepromovisanje ljudskih prava u radnom okruzenju sto je vise moguce.
ТЕОРИЈСКО СХВАТАЊЕ СИСТЕМА НАЦИОНАЛНЕ БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ
Authors: Симовић Слободан , Драгићевић Стефан Н.
Published: September 2021

Oвaj рад покушава да да теорщску дефиницщу (оквир) систему националне безбедности, као jедном од клучних безбедносних термина. Поjединачном анализом термина безбедност, национално (нацща), национална безбедност, систем, систем безбедности, тежи се синтези и jединственом схватапу система националне безбедности. Актуелност теме произилази из важности теорщских разматрапа безбедносних питапа, како би пракса била што боле осмишлена; и из обила безбедносних изазова, ризика и претпи ко)има}е jедино могуЬе адекватно се одупрети jаким системом националне безбедности. Као илустрацща дат jе пример система националне безбедности Републике Србще.
Investigating Multiple Citizenship in International Relations: Rethinking Globalisation, Nation-States and Social Contract
Authors: Kang Hyunji
Published: September 2021

Multiple citizenship was once thought to signify disloyalty to the nation-state and threaten the sovereign international system, hence considered an aberration that should be limited. However, International Relations is in the process of reconceptualising its approaches and moving away from state-centrism so that it may better address the challenges of a transnationalising world. Examining the concept of multiple citizenship provides an opportunity to expand IR research agendas and transnationalise IR theory. Employing a multidisciplinary literature review, this article identifies the possible ways through which investigating multiple citizenship can contribute in advancing the discipline’s theorisations. Firstly, it contends that an analytical focus on multiple citizenship enriches IR theory by re-examining concepts which have not been adequately questioned in traditional IR and enabling deterritorialisation of the sovereign nation-state, de-conflation of the nation from the state, and reconsideration of the relationship between citizens and nation-states. Secondly, multiple citizenship can serve a base for considerations about globalisation and the future of the nation-state; it can also be used to obtain glimpses into issues, which may affect larger portions of the global population in the future. This article concludes by arguing for more serious probe to the concept of multiple citizenship in IR.
Biofabrication
Authors: Raman Ritu
Published: September 2021

How engineered materials and machines powered by living biological cells can tackle technological challenges in medicine, agriculture, and global security.

You are a biological machine whose movement is powered by skeletal muscle, just as a car is a machine whose movement is powered by an engine. If you can be built from the bottom up with biological materials, other machines can be as well. This is the conceptual starting point for biofabrication, the act of building with living cells—building with biology in the same way we build with synthetic materials. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Ritu Raman offers an accessible introduction to biofabrication, arguing that it can address some of our greatest technological challenges.

After presenting the background information needed to understand the emergence and evolution of biofabrication and describing the fundamental technology that enables building with biology, Raman takes deep dives into four biofabrication applications that have the potential to affect our daily lives: tissue engineering, organs-on-a-chip, lab-grown meat and leather, and biohybrid machines. Organs-on-a-chip (devices composed of miniature model tissues), for example, could be used to test new medicine and therapies, and lab-grown meat could alleviate environmental damage done by animal farming. She shows that biological materials have abilities synthetic materials do not, including the ability to adapt dynamically to their environments. Exploring the principles of biofabrication, Raman tells us, should help us appreciate the beauty, adaptiveness, and persistence of the biological machinery that drives our bodies and our world.
Microbiome-pathogen interactions drive epidemiological dynamics of antibiotic resistance: A modeling study applied to nosocomial pathogen control
Authors: Smith David RM , Temime Laura , Opatowski Lulla
Published: September 2021

The human microbiome can protect against colonization with pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), but its impacts on the spread of antibiotic resistance are poorly understood. We propose a mathematical modeling framework for ARB epidemiology formalizing within-host ARB-microbiome competition, and impacts of antibiotic consumption on microbiome function. Applied to the healthcare setting, we demonstrate a trade-off whereby antibiotics simultaneously clear bacterial pathogens and increase host susceptibility to their colonization, and compare this framework with a traditional strain-based approach. At the population level, microbiome interactions drive ARB incidence, but not resistance rates, reflecting distinct epidemiological relevance of different forces of competition. Simulating a range of public health interventions (contact precautions, antibiotic stewardship, microbiome recovery therapy) and pathogens (Clostridioides difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) highlights how species-specific within-host ecological interactions drive intervention efficacy. We find limited impact of contact precautions for Enterobacteriaceae prevention, and a promising role for microbiome-targeted interventions to limit ARB spread.
The impact of semantic clustering on the learning of abstract words
Authors: Ishii Tomoko
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has been repeatedly argued among vocabulary researchers that semantically related words should not be taught simultaneously because they might interfere with each other. However, the types of relatedness that cause interference have rarely been examined carefully. In addition, past studies that have examined this issue disagree, with some providing results showing that semantic clustering does not cause interference and confusion. Reviewing the literature on working memory, a previous paper by the author indicated that psychologists have long seen visual stimulus as an important component of information processing. Researchers of vocabulary learning have also witnessed some evidence that learners do resort to visual imagery when trying to remember new words. Based on such psychological and applied linguistic research, previous research by the author revealed that visually related items may cause confusion despite the lack of semantic connection. Conversely, visually controlled, semantically related items do not seem to cause confusion. This paper presents the follow-up study, examining the learning of semantically related abstract words that do not have concrete visual images. No evidence to indicate any confusion in the learning of such items was obtained. This supports the working hypothesis that the impeding effect of semantic clustering repeatedly reported in the past could partly be due to the shared visual features of semantically similar words.
i-lex v1 and v2: An improved method of assessing L2 learner ability to see connections between words?
Authors: Munby Ian
Published: September 2021

Knowing a word’s associations is considered an aspect of word knowledge. It follows that L2 learner ability to see connections between words may improve with gains in vocabulary knowledge. Word association tests (WATs) may measure not only learner ability to see links between words, but they may also assess the degree of organization of L2 learner lexical knowledge which plays a role in the development of lexical competence. The aim of this study is to develop a new WAT wherein learners are presented with the three most common associates of a cue word. The task is to supply the missing cue word. Following this format, a test was developed using sets of three cue words chosen from the fve most common associates to 50 target words (TWs) listed in the Edinburgh Associative Thesaurus, or EAT. Results of an initial study (i-lex v1) showed that, on average, a group of native speakers outperformed an experimental group of Japanese learners of English ranging in level from elementary to upper intermediate. Further, both in the initial study and a follow-up study (i-lex v2), signifcant and positive correlations were found among nonnative i-lex scores and a translation test. In i-lex v2, signifcant and positive correlations were also found among nonnative i-lex scores and the New Vocabulary Levels Test. These results indicate that the ability of these groups of participants to see links between highly frequent English words is related to their vocabulary knowledge.
Blockchain Technology in Agriculture
Authors: Anusha V. V. S. S. , Padma S. R.
Published: September 2021

The World Economic Forum marked Blockchain technology (BCT) as one of the seven revolutionary technologies of the future. It is a distributed ledger system ensuring transparency, security, immutability, interoperability, and provenance. This article tries to understand the technological aspects, working mechanism and explore different areas where BCT can be applied in agriculture. Data in BCT is stored in a series of blocks contains the hash value (previous and the current), timestamp, and difficulty details, secured cryptographically with a symmetric or asymmetric digital signature to avoid data tampering and fraud. Traceability (supply chain), using Smart contracts (in Agricultural insurance, Crop finance, Land records) achieved by the BCT and the companies (Carrefour, Trace harvest), states (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh), and countries (Kenya, European Union) practicing are discussed. The Farmer producer company- Sahyadri farms keen implementation of blockchain fetched benefits to farmers amid Covid times. Finally, addressing the barriers in practicing the BCT in India- Technology maturity, energy cost, and education. The massive potential of BCT is yet untapped, to reach up to the farmer level, which will flourish in the coming years.