bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Madonna in flower garlands in Flemish painting of the XVII century
Authors: Hu Alice Joan
Published: August 2021

The subject of this research is Flemish painting the XVII century in the spiritual and cultural context of the Counter-Reformation, which created remarkable decorative and religious images to counter the iconoclastic trends of the Reformation movement. The object of this research is Flemish paintings of the Baroque Period of the XVII century with flower garlands edging the central image of Madonna. Special attention is given to the variety of iconographic patterns of the image of Virgin Mary framed in a flower garland, which was widely popular in painting of the Baroque period. Some artists use the pattern of “painting in a painting”; others imitate sculpture, the color of which accentuates the brightness of garlands. The article employs iconographic, iconological, and artistic methods, as well as stylistic analysis. The scientific novelty consists in proving the fact that Virgin Mary appears in painting not only as an individual image, but in paintings of flower garlands as well. The acquired results demonstrate that in the XVII centuries, the artists used different iconographic patterns for creating the image of Virgin Mary. The masters were able to combine different types of flowers, reaching the harmony of floral motifs and balancing them with the image of Madonna. The artists demonstrated the beauty of flower garlands by adding different living creatures in their paintings, such as birds and animals, to make them look more colorful, peaceful and vibrant. Thanks to these works, the image of Madonna remained extremely revered in the XVII century.
Design of linear surfaces that restrict the range of permissible positions of links of the manipulator mechanisms in implementation of instantaneous states
Authors: Pritykin Fedor Nikolaevich , Nebritov Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: August 2021

Linear surfaces are used in various spheres of human activity. One of the most common techniques of designing linear surfaces is based on the three directing curves. In some cases, one of these directing curves is not set, but rather replaced by some geometric condition imposed on the emerging surfaces, which can in form of a certain point correspondence established between the points of the rest two directing curves. The article reviews the example of designing such surfaces, which in an approximate form would restrict the zone that sets the permissible positions of links of the manipulator mechanism of certain given configuration in realization of permissible instantaneous states. The acquired linear surfaces underlie the algorithm for calculation of configurations, which do not intersect the restricted zone in case of a deadlock situation. The result of this research is the computer simulation of the motions of arm and torso mechanism of the Android robot using the obtained algorithm for calculation of configurations. The simulation of motion demonstrates that the use of linear surfaces in analysis of the relative position of the manipulator and restricted zones in the deadlock situations allows reducing the calculation time by 50-60 percent. Such reduction of calculation time is highly demanded in computer control of the arm and torso motions of the Android robot on a real time scale.
The nature of Buddha and the Middle Way concept in teaching of the School of Chinese Buddhism San-Lun
Authors: Vetluzhskaya Lidia Leonidovna
Published: August 2021

  This article explores the philosophical system of the School of Chinese Buddhism San-Lun, as well as continuity of traditions of the Indian School Madhyamaka (one of the two schools of Mahayana along with Yogachara) in China. The teaching of San-Lun is based on the doctrines of Sunyavada and declaration of the principle of the middle way. The founder of San-Lun School in China monk Chi-tsang not only developed the concept of two truths, but also advanced the theories of three and four types of the two truths. The object of this research is the soteriological concept of the Middle Way through the prism of Buddha, which represents the peculiarity of the philosophical system of San-Lun in the context of Chinese Buddhism. San-Lun is the Chinese version of Madhyamaka School of Indian Buddhism. In the history of establishment of the trend Mahayana – Madhyamaka – in China it was of crucial importance to fill the gaps in translations from Sanskrit to Chinese language. The key role in this process played the prominent translator Kumārajīva, who translated the texts that have become fundamental for this school, and thus, created the theoretical framework for the Chinese scholars to study the teaching of Madhyamaka. The article examines the core philosophical concept of San-Lun: the doctrine of two truths and the concept of “eight negations”. Analysis is conducted on the concept of the nature of Buddha in San-Lun teaching, which demonstrates the introduction of the new understanding of Madhyamaka and determines the degree of scientific novelty.  
Cladding panel material as the basis for the typological variety of hinged facade systems
Authors: Aliev Semur Asif ogly
Published: August 2021

  The article discusses the variety of facing panels of hinged façade systems. Typological classification was made on the basis of a variety of materials used for facing panels. The author identifies 6 groups of materials: clay, wood, cement, titanium dioxide, metal, special components. Analysis is conducted on the 18 names of facing panels according to the following characteristics: cladding material, exterior, image application technology, weight in kg / m2, attachment, durability, and manufacturer. The article determines 6 criteria and 2 requirements for ventilated facades. Based on the typology of the material, the author outlines advantages and disadvantages of certain types of facing panels. The article determines the criteria and requirements set for ventilated facades. Leaning on the provided typology of material, the advantages and disadvantages of individual types of facing panels for hinged façade systems are indicated. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the growing need for modern technologies and means to make buildings look architectural and expressive due to an assortment of combinations of facing materials in hinged ventilated systems.  The study reveals a wide variety of characteristics and types of facing panels. The market offer fully reflects the modern production technology capabilities with regards to construction materials. Despite a number of restrictions imposed by the normative acts, facing panels fully meet all the requirements, as the construct of hinged façade panels in general. Thus, is safe to say that facing panels fully satisfy the market demand. Titanium dioxide panels purify the air, which is in line with the current environmental trends contributing to emission reduction and environmental cleanup.
The nuances of toning and wood dyeing in the process of creating the original wooden sculptures
Authors: Cheglakov Aleksandr Dmitrievich
Published: August 2021

  This article states that the ways to improve the decorative qualities of wood have been known to mankind since ancient times. The techniques of woodworking material have improved over years. The author underlines the importance of proper choice of finishing materials, as it intended to preserve the cultural objects, as well as produce certain aesthetic perception. Therefore, the choice of materials is substantiated by the nature of the wood and the work performed, as well as by the author's plan and conceptual idea. The article discusses the key methods of wood finishing in the process of creating wooden sculptures. The author lists the main types of wood finishing, as well as the original techniques. It is noted that there are various technologies for giving a wood surface a different color. Description is given to such methods as fire-treatment and waxing of wooden surface; as well as to the original techniques of treating wood damaged by the bark beetle or exposed to fire. It is claimed that proper firing gives wood strength and resistance, protecting it from various influences and significantly extending its durability. Special attention is given to the wood ash treatment, and how this ancient technology can be applied in modern wooden sculpture. The recommendations are given for proper selection of applicators that contribute to quality dyeing of wooden surfaces.
Study of the structure and characteristics of autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Alipova Veronika Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The lightweight and porous building material has many advantages over conventional concrete, such as a higher strength-to-weight ratio, a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and good sound insulation. This article focuses on the historical periodization of the development of autoclaved aerated concrete and a literature review that focuses on the influence of porosity, vapor permeability and strength properties of a given building material. The subject of this research is the analysis of the key historical events and manufacturing technologies that influenced the creation and transformation of the structural components of autoclaved aerated concrete. In the course of research, the author revealed that although aerated concrete is a new material in construction, it appeared a long time ago. Initially, five thousand years ago, this composition of the material was used as a plaster and brickwork mortar; showing a positive effect in construction, the aerated concrete over the years took the form of a cellular block, and its characteristics continue to be discovered. The properties, composition and structure of autoclaved aerated concrete are being improved through its composition and geometry of the shape of block, which contributed to environmental friendliness of the new building material, its durability, and creation of comfortable living conditions for people. However, the material requires new rational manufacturing technologies are needed in order to improve its quality and characteristics.
Evolution of regulations for thermal protection of buildings
Authors: Ivanova Lyubov' Vyacheslavovna
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of regulatory documents in the field of thermal engineering in construction and the development of regulations for thermal protection of buildings. The object of the research is the standard documentation in the field of thermal engineering in construction. A retrospective analysis of the norms and requirements for thermal protection of buildings was carried out by identifying qualitative changes in the content of standard documentation. Building codes and regulations, Code specification, Federal laws and Government decrees have been adopted as such regulatory documents for this study. The documents that influenced these changes are considered. The normative requirements of the past years in the field of building heat engineering have been systematized. Six stages of the formation of norms for the thermal protection of buildings are determined, based on changes in the formulas for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and the introduction of the characteristic of the degree-day of the heating period, depending on the climatic features of the region. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings have been determined. The main goal is to reduce the specific characteristic of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation, which requires a change in the requirements for thermal protection, in particular, an increase in the required resistance to heat transfer, which can contribute to updating the existing set of rules for thermal protection of buildings.
General Circulation Newspaper “Babaevets” as a Source for the USSR Food Industry History during the First Five-Year Plan (Content Analysis and Net Analysis Data)
Authors: Soloshchenko Natalia
Published: August 2021

The article considers "Babaevets" newspaper as a source for the USSR food industry history during the first five-year plan. The author studies the issue of formulating the correct methodological approaches for the most complete disclosure of the information potential of the factory press and introduces the materials of a little-studied source (the newspaper of P. A. Babaev’s confectionery factory) into scientific discourse. The article studies the texts of this paper by means of content analysis and network analysis. The study highlights the priority topics that were traced in the newspaper during the first five-year plan, analyzes their internal relationships, both explicit and implicit. The analysis provided for a conclusion that the source understudy is informationally rich as far as food industry history and the impact on workers’ mass consciousness in 1928-1932 are concerned. The author comes to a conclusion that "Babayevets" primarily covered the issues of production process management and ideological work with the staff. The problem of production efficiency was the main connecting element in the content of the newspaper. Special role of all levels of the factory management in achieving the indicators of the first five-year plan was emphasized by the newspaper explicitly and implicitly thus proving the status of the factory newspaper to be an official tool of the party committee. 
Virtual Reconstruction of the Industrial Heritage: 3D-Reconstruction of the Architectural Appearance of Moscow Tryokhgorny Brewery Production Building at the Turn of the 19th Century
Authors: Gasanov Arsenii
Published: August 2021

The article virtually reconstructs the historical appearance of Moscow Tryokhgorny Brewery production building in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Through the decades, Tryokhgorny Brewery held the leading position in the brewing industry of both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. This study describes virtual 3D-reconstruction methods applied, addresses the issue of using various source types (narrative, graphical and photographic materials) and considers the issue of data incompleteness. It briefly describes the history of Tryokhgorny Brewery and the subject of research and preservation of industrial heritage. The source base gathered led to the conclusion that its informative potential is enough for creating scientific virtual 3D-reconstruction. As a result, the renders of virtually reconstructed “Varnya” production building were created in Unreal Engine 4 software. In 2006 Tryokhgorny Brewery stopped working and turned into a possible industrial heritage object as its main buildings were constructed in the late 19th century. Historical research and virtual reconstruction of Tryokhgorny Brewery are specifically topical today because despite its importance as an object of industrial heritage it is in danger of complete destruction. .
Virtual Reconstruction of Bobrinsky Estate Landscape Park in Bogoroditsk: Sources, Methods and Research Technologies
Authors: Pimonova Daria Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

The article virtually reconstructs Bogoroditsky Park of the Bobrinsky estate located in the city of Bogoroditsk, Tula region. The author briefly describes the history of the city and the estate, the biography of the park creator A. T. Bolotov, presents the results of the analysis of historiographical studies on the history of the development of Russian landscape art and the features of its development in the 18th century. Some paragraphs of the article study the formation of a complex of historical sources that served the basis for reconstruction, their criticism, as well as methods and technologies for creating a virtual reconstruction of the park ensemble of the Bobrinsky estate. The author illustrates the article with still frames of the virtual reality created. The virtual reconstruction of Bobrinsky estate park ensemble is one of the first works within the frames of historical 3D modeling where the landscape park is the central research object. The result of the work is the virtual reconstruction of the A. T. Bolotov's Park on the territory of the Bobrinsky estate in Bogoroditsk. The project is of quite great practical importance since the study addresses the federal level object. The virtual reconstruction can be used in the Bogoroditsky Palace-Museum and park as well as the State Historical Museum where an album of A. T. Bolotov's watercolors is kept. In addition, the project could become the basis for a real reconstruction of the park in Bogoroditsk.
To Count the Absent (or the Problem of the Total Number of Genoese Merchants in Byzantium)
Authors: Shpirko Sergey
Published: August 2021

The author develops a mathematical-statistical approach to the problem of estimating the size of Genoese medieval population in Byzantium. The data source is notarial acts covering commercial partnerships, freightage, wills, purchase and sale of houses, goods and people drawn up in the Genoese colony of Constantinople at the end of the 13th century. The will form has a fairly uniform structure. In addition to the mandatory record of names of the contracting parties and witnesses of the transaction, it may also register names of the third parties. Thus, these data on the clientele of Genoese notaries represent a dataset which may indirectly indicate the size of the entire trading Genoese community of Byzantium. This approach is based on a constructed formalized model that describes the behavior of merchants when visiting and concluding a transaction attested by a notary. This makes it possible to pass in a natural way from the initial to the statistical problem of estimating the size of a finite aggregate and use this mathematical theory for its calculation. In this case, the author applies the approach associated with the use of the maximum likelihood function that is a novelty. The resulting formula allows (with a certain degree of probability) one to estimate the required size of the Genoese population. It is interesting that this estimate, on the whole, coincides with the result of A.L. Ponomarev obtained earlier for the same problem using Zipf's empirical law.
Evolution of Piston-Engine Fighter Aircrafts: Cluster Analysis to Study the History of Technology. Part 2
Authors: Kuzmin Yury Viktorovich
Published: August 2021

The article carries out cluster analysis of serial piston-engine fighters. 672 modifications built in 26 countries from 1913 to 1951 are taken into account. Maximum speed, wing load, power load and weight ratio are chosen as coordinates. Clustering reveals pioneering design: the earliest models in each cluster. One can also measure the dynamics of ideas lifetime that is the period when similar aircrafts (those within one cluster) were manufactured following the same methodology. The frequency new clusters emerged demonstrates the speed of technological progress. The author has found the turning points of development. These are 1930 and 1935. Until 1930 flight characteristics were increasing both due to an increase in thrust-to-weight ratio and an increase of wing load. Later the thrust-to-weight ratio remains practically unchanged. In 1935 the first aircraft appeared from three of the 19 clusters at once. Among them are the little-known Yugoslav fighter Ikarus IK-2 and the Soviet I-16 Type 5. The change of leading countries and the lifetime of ideas have been studied as well. The interval between the manufacture of the first and the last model, related to the cluster, corresponds to the time period when designers followed the same approach when designing an aircraft. Between wars, this interval exceeded 10 years whereas during rapid development periods it was 5-6 years shorter.
Fuzzy logic research work in Mexico motivated by Lotfi Zadeh
Authors:   Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico, Castillo Oscar , Melin Patricia ,   Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Published: August 2021

We provide in this article a short review of the research work that has been done in Mexico on developing new methods and theory for designing intelligent systems utilizing type-2 fuzzy systems in combination with soft computing techniques. Soft Computing (SC) is an area formed by intelligent paradigms, like fuzzy systems, neural networks, and bio-inspired and swarm algorithms, which may be utilized to build high performance hybrid systems. The combination of type-2 fuzzy systems with SC enables the constructing of efficient intelligent systems for solving complex problems in a wide diversity of areas, such as control, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and others. We also recall some of the main moments and memories of encounters and meetings with the father of fuzzy logic (Prof. L. Zadeh), which were very positive and motivated us to continue his work and legacy.
On the weak intuitionistic fuzzy implication based on △ operation
Authors:   Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassova Lilija , Dworniczak Piotr ,   The Great Poland University of Social and Economics, Poland
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a new weak intuitionistic fuzzy implication is introduced. Fulfillment of some axioms and properties, together with the Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens inference rules are investigated. Negation induced by the newly proposed implication is presented.
Technical Debt in Practice
Authors: Ernst Neil , Kazman Rick , Delange Julien
Published: August 2021

The practical implications of technical debt for the entire software life cycle; with examples and case studies.

Technical debt in software is incurred when developers take shortcuts and make ill-advised technical decisions in the initial phases of a project, only to be confronted with the need for costly and labor-intensive workarounds later. This book offers advice on how to avoid technical debt, how to locate its sources, and how to remove it. It focuses on the practical implications of technical debt for the entire software lifecycle, with examples and case studies from companies that range from Boeing to Twitter.

Technical debt is normal; it is part of most iterative development processes. But if debt is ignored, over time it may become unmanageably complex, requiring developers to spend all of their effort fixing bugs, with no time to add new features—and after all, new features are what customers really value. The authors explain how to monitor technical det, how to measure it, and how and when to pay it down. Broadening the conventional definition of technical debt, they cover requirements debt, implementation debt, testing debt, architecture debt, documentation debt, deployment debt, and social debt. They intersperse technical discussions with “Voice of the Practitioner” sidebars that detail real-world experiences with a variety of technical debt issues.
Leveraging Distortions
Authors: Rice Collin
Published: August 2021

An examination of how scientists deliberately and justifiably use pervasive distortions of relevant features to explain and understand natural phenomena.

A fundamental rule of logic is that in order for an argument to provide good reasons for its conclusion, the premises of the argument must be true. In this book, Collin Rice shows how the practice of science repeatedly, pervasively, and deliberately violates this principle. Rice argues that scientists strategically use distortions that misrepresent relevant features of natural phenomena in order to explain and understand—and that they use these distortions deliberately and justifiably in order to discover truths that would be otherwise inaccessible.

Countering the standard emphasis on causation, accurate representation, and decomposition of science into its accurate and inaccurate parts, Rice shows that science's epistemic achievements can still be factive despite their being produced through the use of holistically distorted scientific representations. Indeed, he argues, this distortion is one of the most widely employed and fruitful tools used in scientific theorizing. Marshalling a range of case studies, Rice contends that many explanations in science are noncausal, and he presents an alternate view of explanation that captures the variety of noncausal explanations found across the sciences. He proposes an alternative holistic distortion view of idealized models, connecting it to physicists' concept of a universality class; shows how universality classes can overcome some of the challenges of multiscale modeling; and offers accounts of explanation, idealization, modeling, and understanding.
Vespa velutina: traits and impacts of a successful invasive alien species
Authors: Rojas-Nossa Sandra V. , Gil Noelia , Mato Salustiano , Garrido Josefina
Published: August 2021

La invasión de Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 experimenta un avance en la expansión a nuevas áreas y es, a día de hoy, una especie exótica invasora que genera alarma social y preocupación por sus impactos ecológicos, económicos y sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar los caracteres biológicos de la especie para entender la raíz de su éxito invasor y los impactos que genera. Estos se relacionan con aspectos tales como un complejo sistema social, un versátil comportamiento generalista o una alta tasa reproductiva sumada a la capacidad de establecer colonias a partir de una sola reina fecundada. Los impactos de este himenóptero sobre los ecosistemas y la apicultura se relacionan con su comportamiento como predador de insectos polinizadores, en particular de abejas de la miel. El incremento de la población durante el verano y su preferencia por las áreas urbanas y semiurbanas implican encuentros frecuentes con las personas, que a menudo sufren picaduras. Sus defensas involucran la comunicación química que desencadena ataques colectivos y la inyección de un veneno rico en toxinas que impacta la salud humana.
KESHARANJANA YOGA IN BHAISHAJYA RATNAVALI: A REVIEW
Authors: D Rakshitha , K B Pallavi , Hussain Gazala , Pagad Archana
Published: August 2021

Bhaishajya Ratnavali by Kaviraj Govinda Das Sen of 18th century is an authentic book of Ayurveda science includes systematic description of diseases along with treatment aspects. Under Kshudraroga Chikitsa Prakarana, detailed information regarding kesharanjana has been explained with description of kesharanjana yoga. This article mainly focuses on the kesharanjana yoga mentioned in this book for better nourishment and coloring of hair. Review on kesharanjana yoga mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali was analyzed and summarized for better usage and understanding. Initially author explains few preparations to apply as lepa (application) over scalp or hairs and later nasya (inhalation therapy) procedure for hair care. Most of the drugs used are rasayana (immune modulator) in nature and has keshya (hair tonic) property which forms the prime factor in using these drugs. Direct application as lepa and also nasya procedure would help in better nourishment and also proper growth of hair. Owing to the properties of drugs used for the preparations which are useful in many conditions of hair problems. By following these yogas and with proper pathya one can get benefited from khalitya, palitya, and other conditions of hair.
STANDARDIZATION OF SNUHI KSHARA THE FORMULATION OF UPAVISHA SNUHI (EUPHORBIA NERIIFOLIA LINN.): A PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL PROFILE
Authors: Govindrao Asolkar Geeta , Vithalrao Nikam Ashwin , Venkatrao Pawade Uday , Pramodrao Anjankar Meghsham
Published: August 2021

Snuhi (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.) and its compound formulations are widely used in Ayurvedic classics to treat variety of disease conditions. Information pertaining to the formulations of Snuhi can be traced in various classical texts, under different chapters. In most of the formulations it is used as an ingredient. Snuhi Kshara is a single drug formulation of Upavisha Snuhi mentioned in Rasatarangini and Ayurvedsarasangraha. Kshara obtained from Snuhi is one of its dosage modifications, advocated in classics for therapeutic objectives. Very few attempts are made to formulate Snuhi Kshara. The present work has been carried out to provide the Standard Manufacturing Process and a systematic standardization profile for Snuhi Kshara. Snuhi Kshara was prepared according to procedure described in Sharangadhara Samhita followed by analytical standardisation. Standardization was done using guidelines of API, by employing tests like organoleptic (Colour, Odour, Taste), physicochemical (Loss on drying, Acid-insoluble ash, pH), Assay (Sodium, Potassium, Iron) and Thin Layer Chromatography. Findings of this work may enrich to documentary research as well as act as detailed scientific data about standardization of Snuhi Kshara for further studies.
Earnings Quality and Foreign Investors in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Al Ani Mawih Kareem
Published: August 2021

This study aims to measure the earnings quality (EQ) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using a sample of 1827 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2016 by using nine EQ measures. These measures are persistence, predictability, value relevance, earnings response coefficient (ERC), smoothness, earnings surprise, accrual quality, loss recognition timeliness and conservatism. The study also examines the effect of these nine EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Data are collected from Capital IQ database, and some other data are calculated manually from the capital markets and firms in each country. In this quantitative research, the sample is analysed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and generalized least squares (GLS) regression to verify the hypotheses and analyse the effect of EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Findings show distinct effects on attracting foreign investors in different countries. Persistence, predictability, ERC, and accrual quality have a positive effect in Oman, whereas value relevance and ERC have a positive effect in Kuwait. Predictability, accrual quality, ERC, and conservatism negatively affect the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Finally, loss recognition timeliness, smoothness, and earnings surprise do not have any effect in all GCC countries.
Teaching Science Concept with Games: A Case of Naming Inorganic Compounds with IUPAC System in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Etokeren Inibehe S. , Abosede Olufunso O.
Published: August 2021

Background: This study investigated the effect of games teaching approach on students’ academic performance in IUPAC inorganic nomenclature in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria.  Quasi-experimental design, specifically pre-test post-test control groups was adopted. The sample comprised 93 Senior Secondary 2 and 3 chemistry students

Methods: The instrument was IUPAC Inorganic Nomenclature Performance Test validated by two Science Education Lecturers and one expert in Measurement and Evolution. The reliability coefficient of 0.87 of the instrument was determined by test-retest method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance using Analysis of Variance.

Results: There was a significant difference in the performance of students taught IUPAC inorganic nomenclature with games approach and those with lecture method. Students taught with games approach performed significantly better in the performance test than those taught with lecture method. There was no significant gender based difference in performance, however, significant difference based on class level was obtained.  It was recommended among others that, chemistry teachers should incorporate suitable educational games in teaching chemistry and also motivate students towards learning of chemistry.
Historical Uses and Breeding Technologies of Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (Larvae for Food) for the Edible Insect Industry in South Korea
Authors: Cho Mi-So , Cho Young-Son
Published: August 2021

We aim to review Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (PBS) with a specific focus on its historical uses and characteristics, making it one of the most viable food sources or medicinal materials. Ordinary PBS and food insects are characterized by low-emission, especially greenhouse gas, insect farming technologies in Republic of Korea. In addition, PBS is considered essentially acceptable for alternative insect food for human and effective environmental conservation in the near future.

Generally, PBS larvae have long been studied the most widely as edible and medicinal insects in Korea compared to the other countries. Almost one thousands farmers are breeding the PBS and the productivity range are very variable from 0.3 to 5.0 tons/person·per year.
Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature Changes and Variability over Glen Farm, South Africa
Authors: Zuma-Netshiukhwi G.
Published: August 2021

In the agricultural domain, decision-making is greatly guided by agricultural meteorology, which is the science that applies knowledge of weather and climate to qualitative and quantitative improvement in agricultural efficiency. The study area is challenged with increasing multifaceted agricultural production risks and complex agricultural ecosystems, which require analysis and understanding of local rainfall and temperature patterns. Digital technologies, such as the automatic weather station, play a pivotal role to monitor the physical environment, successively. This study engaged on a thorough analysis and interpretation of long-term rainfall and temperature data. The results would enable farmers and other users to comprehend valuable knowledge for improved productivity. The objectives of this paper were to analyse long-term climate data for Glen automatic weather station. To determine decadal climate patterns and trends, determine seasonal shifts, climate variability and climate change and quantify the frequency of the occurrence of weather extremes and develop suitable adaptation strategies relating to agronomic, phenological and physiological data necessary for crop modelling, operational evaluation and statistical analysis. The applied methods entailed Microsoft Excel and INSTAT Plus statistical software, which used to detect the interactions of environmental factors and suitable agricultural productivity. Understanding of rainfall and temperature patterns is required for agricultural management decisions, on planting date selection, crop suitability, livestock adaptation, ecosystem conservation. Agro meteorological knowledge derived from meteorological parameters, temperature, rainfall, wind and weather extremes, and may enhance agricultural productivity. Analysis of long-term and decadal trends in the time series indorse a sequence of alternately increasing and decreasing in mean annual rainfall and air temperature in Glen Farm.
Analysis of Canagliflozin in Rat Plasma After Oral Administration by Liquid Chromatographic as (Pharmacokinetic Study)
Authors: Gupta Krishna R. , Shelke Sneha , Ganorkar Anvesha V. , Patel Nishiben , Umekar Milind J.
Published: August 2021

The research work aims to develop a bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography and validated for the determination of canagliflozin by using an internal standard. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur (MS). Isocratic chromatography separation was achieved on an LC system with PDA detector on an ACE C18 (150mm× 4.6mm × 5µm) column using a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile: ammonium acetate buffer in the ration of 50:50 v/v (pH 4.5), orthophosphoric acid is used to adjust pH of mobile phase and the flow rate at 1.0ml/ min. and estimation was carried out at 291 nm. The retention time of a drug was 4.633 minutes. The method was validated for several parameters (specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy) and also successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic in female rats. Calibration plot was linear (r2 > 0.9973) over the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml for canagliflozin. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation (%RSD) confirm the suitability of the method. The result of Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 0.1099 μg/ml and 0.3331 μg/ml, respectively. The new RP-HPLC method can be conveniently adapted for examining canagliflozin concentration in rat plasma after oral administration.
Transitions against the Problems of the 21st Century the Ecological Economy
Authors: Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin Gómez , Pérez Ehyder Mario Barbosa , Bedoya Carlos Arturo Téllez
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this review article is to describe the characteristics of a dissent of the hegemonic discourse of economic science such as ecological economics, reflecting the asymmetries between them as the possibilities has to understand and solve labor transitions, economic and ecological that presents the problems of the 21st century. The methodology is qualitative, and the method is documentary review. The main conclusions are that the ecological economy establishes the dialogue with other disciplines as sustenance to respond to the challenges of the present. It conceives life as a pivot, not as another variable to obtain short-term returns but as a dynamic argumentative line.
Reproductive Health: Need of the Hour
Authors: Diksha . , Singh C. K. , Priyanka .
Published: August 2021

Reproductive health of women remains a major development task in any country. Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of any disease, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. The Review Article outlines the current literature on women's reproductive health which consist abortion, sexually transmitted disease, child and forced marriage, contraceptive methods etc. current statistics related to women reproductive health also discussed in this paper. Reproductive health of women is maintained by reducing fertility rate and spacing among births. The use of various contraceptives is best known alternative. Health status of women has ramification and impact on the human well-being, economic growth and on their families also. Woman with poor health are likely to give birth to low weight infants and less care to their children.  Moreover, Indian women have high mortality rates, particularly during childhood and in their reproductive years. Other problems in women in India are low level of education, son preference, pressure of dowry, lack of independence and decision making. All these factors also have impact on the health of women (Reproductive Health Strategy, 2010). In this review paper, the efforts are made to discuss reproductive health and related issues of Indian women. Review article concluded that reproductive system of females comprises of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina uterus, mammary glands, breasts, and vulva. All of these female genital organs play significant roles in the production and transportation of gametes and also production of sex hormones. There are different life stages accompanying with sexual subsists and reproductive health issues that include fertility, contraception, menstruation, menopause, sexually transmissible infections and chronic health problems like PCOS or PCOD etc. Taking care of reproductive systems in the female body requires attention to one’s health and regular check-ups.
Other Families of Rational Solutions to the KPI Equation
Authors: Gaillard Pierre
Published: August 2021

Aims / Objectives: We present rational solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (KPI) in terms of polynomials in x, y and t depending on several real parameters. We get an infinite hierarchy of rational solutions written as a quotient of a polynomial of degree 2N(N + 1) - 2 in x, y and t by a polynomial of degree 2N(N + 1) in x, y and t, depending on 2N - 2 real parameters for each positive integer N.

Place and Duration of Study: Institut de math´ematiques de Bourgogne, Universit´e de Bourgogne Franche-Cont´e between January 2020 and January 2021.

Conclusion: We construct explicit expressions of the solutions in the simplest cases N = 1 and N = 2 and we study the patterns of their modulus in the (x; y) plane for different values of time t and parameters. In particular, in the study of these solutions, we see the appearance not yet observed of three pairs of two peaks in the case of order 2.
Analeptic Properties of Vitamin D
Authors: Kwatra Bharat , Balakrishnan Angarika , Kaushik Garima , Mayekar Hrucha , Vats Saijal , Chattopadhyay Sohini
Published: August 2021

This article is an examination of the Analeptic Properties of Vitamin D. The scientific development and subsequent need to develop new strategies to tackle problems related to joints, dermatitis, cancer, respiratory disorders, dysfunctional immune system and COVID-19, continues to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of Analeptic Properties of Vitamin D. Additionally, this article explores options for using Vitamin D to treat problems related to joints such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, its applications in atopic dermatitis and eczema, its potential in treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBS), cancer, immune disorders and common respiratory diseases and additionally its use as a prophylaxis for COVID-19.
Grain Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Rice as Influenced by the Nano Forms of Nitrogen and Zinc
Authors: Lahari Shagam , Hussain S. A. , Parameswari Y. S. , Sharma S. Harish Kumar
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted at college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, in Sandy loam soils during rabi, 2020 to study the effect of nano nitrogen and nano zinc on the yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa. L). The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Results revealed that application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage + foliar spray of 2 ml L-1 nano zinc at tillering and before panicle initiation stage (T10) significantly increased the  grain yield (6810 kg ha-1) and uptake of nitrogen (147.7 kg ha-1), phosphorous (30.0 kg ha-1), potassium (137.9 kg ha-1) and zinc (367 kg ha-1) which were on par with (T9) application of 50% conventional nitrogen fertilizer + foliar spray of 4 ml L-1 nano nitrogen at tillering and before panicle initiation stage.
Microbial Profile of Fermented Maize Flour (Ogi) and African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) Seeds
Authors: Itaman V. O. , Nwachukwu E.
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the microbial and physicochemical properties of fermented maize flour (Ogi) and Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds (Ugba). The microbial analyses were done based on microbiological standards. The samples were monitored at points of preparation from 0 to 96 hours of fermentation. The physicochemical parameters were performed in accordance to standard procedures. Selected dilutions were inoculated by pour-plate method on appropriate media for isolation of aerobic bacteria, Staphylococci, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi. Molecular identification of the LAB were done using 16s rRNA Sanger sequencing method. The pH decreased steadily from 3.9 to 3.3 for Ogi and from 7.7 to 5.8 for Ugba, with a corresponding increase in titratable acidity from 1.3 to 2.5 for Ogi and from 0.6 ± 0.14ef to 1.2 ± 0.28c for Ugba. Microorganisms isolated from fermented maize flour (Ogi) and ‘Ugba’ were; Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Bacillus species, Micrococus species, Pseudomonas species, Proteus species, Saccharomyces species, Aspergillus species and Candida species. The total bacteria counts showed decrease in both samples, with Ugba having the highest bacteria count (2.7×106±12.00a cfu/g which decreased to 1.0×106 ± 2.00f cfu/g) compared to Ogi with values (1.3×106 ± 3.00c cfu/g to 1.6 ×105± 1.73h  cfu/g) from 0 hour to 96 hours of the fermentation period. Fungi counts increased in both samples throughout the fermentation period with Ugba having counts of (1.4 ×103± 2.65i to 2.8 ×104 ± 5.00 a cfu/g), and Ogi (7.7 ×103± 1.53 h to 2.7 ×104± 6.00 b cfu/g). LAB were persistent and most predominant in Ogi while Bacillus species were most predominant in Ugba. The variations in their different levels of values were of significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). This study revealed the distribution of fermentative microorganisms and few contaminants which were not directly associated with fermentation process and that can however, be further reduced through heat preparation treatment of Ogi.
Erector Spinae Plane Block: A New Twinkling Star Ready To Create Wonders in Toddler’s Spine Surgeries - A Case Report
Authors: Sonawane Kartik , Rahurkar Akshay , Dixit Hrudini , Sekar Chelliah
Published: August 2021

Aims: The expanded horizon of the ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) shows promising results in various surgeries involving the thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, joint, and spine regions. We aimed to administer ESPB in spine surgery of the early pediatric age group patient to reduce the overall requirement of the intraoperative general anesthetic drugs and postoperative opioids due to high analgesic demands.

Presentation of Case: We report the application of ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB as multimodal analgesia (MMA) component in the spine surgery of the youngest (2-year old) age group.

Discussion: Spine surgeries, especially scoliosis surgeries, are associated with extensive surgical dissection, leading to significant postoperative nociception causing high analgesic demands and necessitating high opioid consumption. It further leads to opioid-related side effects, delay in discharge, late ambulation, and prolonged hospital stay.

The ESPB potentially helps in controlling polypharmacy by providing wide multisegmented analgesic coverage due to its multidirectional drug spread pattern. There are upcoming concerns regarding anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity and the detrimental effect of general anesthesia in developing children. Such concerns can be addressed by cutting down the requirement of general anesthetic agents to a minimum level with the help of modalities like MMA incorporating regional analgesia (RA) as an adjunct.

Conclusion: The ESPB can be a safe and effective adjunct to the MMA in providing opioid-free optimal analgesia in spine surgery of the youngest population.
Overview of the Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shulamite N. Sherly , Malavika B. Pragna , Swami P. Aravinda
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Methodology: This is an observational prospective study, carried out in a tertiary care hospital.

Results: A total of 300 postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study. The mean ± standard deviation, of the age of postmenopausal women included in this study was 55.5 ± 5.0 years. 68.1% were prescribed with the combinational therapy of Teriparatide+Bisphosphonates. 39.2% of subjects were using acetaminophen for pain.

Conclusion: Antiresorptive drugs (hormonal therapy, bisphosphonates, and denosumab) and, the anabolic agents (teriparatide) are commonly prescribed, in this study it is obvious that Sequential Therapy is highly prevailing in the clinical practice, with 68.1%.