bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New molecular insights into ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma progression and pharmacological compounds for targeted therapy
Authors: Tian Wenhui , Wan Xiaoqing , Tian Lili , Wu Yajun , Cui Xiaohua , Yi Jingyu
Published: August 2023

Background

The involvement of ferroptosis has been found in many pathological conditions of the lung. The genetic engineering of ferroptosis‐related genes may provide a potential target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

Nine ferroptosis regulators and markers were collected from FerrDb and their somatic mutations and expressions were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐LUAD cohort data. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analysis were performed to screen genes significantly associated with ferroptosis. The ferroptosis‐related gene signature was constructed using TCGA‐LUAD cohort data and was verified using the GSE cohort with pooled data for GSE30219, GSE31210, GSE37745 and GSE50081. Immune microenvironment component and mutation analysis were performed for genes in the ferroptosis‐related gene signature.

Results

All nine ferroptosis regulators and markers were differentially expressed between normal LUAD tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues and were related to copy number variation. The expression of 1329 genes were significantly associated with nine ferroptosis regulators and markers in the TCGA‐LUAD dataset, five (ALDOA, PLK1, CD47, CENPC and TMOD3) of which were integrated into a ferroptosis‐related gene signature to calculate the risk score of LUAD samples, showing a significant correlation with the abundance of immune cell infiltration and the immune score. Molecular docking showed the binding activity of natural active compound quercetin to target proteins ALDOA and CD47, as well as the binding activity of aristolochic acid to PLK1 protein and TMOD3 protein.

Conclusions

In the present study, a ferroptosis‐related gene signature with predictive value for LUAD prognosis was constructed, in which the gene was a potential therapeutic target for LUAD. Quercetin and aristolochic acid were potential candidates for inhibiting these targets by directly binding to them and showing high affinity and strong stability.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals that ferroptosis‐related gene CISD2 is a prognostic biomarker of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhengrui , Wang Qi , Huang Xufeng , Fu Rao , Wen Xutao , Zhang Ling
Published: August 2023

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent malignancy, with high mortality rate and unavailability of accurate therapies. However, its early prevention remains a challenge. In the purview of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM), it is paramount to identify novel and powerful biomarkers. CISD2 is a crucial regulator of iron homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies showed that the NEET protein (NAF‐1) encoded by CISD2 is involved in regulating the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Nevertheless, the prognostic value and immunological correlations of CISD2 remain unclear.

Methods

Bioinformatics analyses conducted utilizing data from comprehensive databases The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). All statistical evaluations were executed employing R software.

Results

Our investigation of biological function, enrichment pathway, and immune correlation revealed a discernable linkage between CISD2 and the immune response. Moreover, we found that the suppression of CISD2 is associated with immune cell infiltration and various immune signatures.

Conclusions

The present study successfully revealed the potential prognostic and biological function of CISD2 in HNSCC. High expression of CISD2 are linked to gender, race, grade, etc., can notably enhance the early detection, prognosis, and prediction for individuals afflicted with HNSCC.
Atmospheric aerosol particles before, during, and after a convective dust event on the Jornada experimental range as measured using Raman hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Doughty David C. , Dumais Robert E. , Richman Tyler R. , Hill Steven C.
Published: August 2023

The effects of winds and local mineralogy on ambient aerosol composition are poorly understood. We measured the Raman spectra (RS) of ambient aerosol particles on the Jornada Experimental Range, a desert location in southern New Mexico, used these RS to group spectra by composition or spectral features, and compared the numbers of RS with the winds and minerology. An aerosol Raman hyperspectral imager was used to collect particles onto a tape and measure a hyperspectral Raman image in 15‐ or 20‐min intervals. Over a 48 h period, 6306 RS were above the thresholds used and were analyzed further. Multiple RS may originate from the same particle. Of these 6306 RS, 2567 were classified as luminescence; 2647 contained the D and G peaks of DG Carbon (DGC, which includes soots, black carbon, and similar materials); 43 exhibited peaks consistent with CH stretching; and 130, 102, and 29 RS were consistent with quartz, carbonates (calcite and dolomite), and potassium feldspar, respectively. A convective dust event was concurrent with an increase in the number of RS of luminescent particles >20X the median; numbers of DGC RS in the interquartile range of DGC for the entire measurement period; RS consistent with quartz, calcite, iron oxides, feldspar, and anatase; and no RS consistent with oxalates or nitrates. This work shows that hyperspectral Raman imaging can help understand the time‐dependent composition of ambient aerosol particles at time resolutions below an hour.
Vibrational spectroscopic, crystallographic, and microscopic investigation on the Aioun El Atrouss diogenite
Authors: Ayvaz Irmak , Unsalan Ozan , Castro Kepa , Altunayar‐Unsalan Cisem , Zolensky Michael Ewing
Published: August 2023

Diogenites are thought to have originated from asteroid 4 Vesta asteroid, and it has been previously shown that they mostly consist of orthopyroxene, chromite, and olivine minerals. In this study, the Aioun El Atrouss (AAT‐1) diogenite was analyzed by vibrational spectroscopic (FT‐IR and micro‐Raman), EDXRF, and XRD techniques. AAT‐001 is mainly composed of pyroxene and with lesser olivine. XRD investigation confirmed magnetite, kamacite, ilmenite, and albite. A troilite‐orthopyroxene intergrowth was revealed by XRF. The olivine composition was estimated to be approximately Fo66 by Raman olivine characteristic doublets. Pyroxenes in AAT‐01 were found to be En80Fs20. Finally, approximate peak shock pressure of more than 86 GPa for AAT‐1 was suggested based on previous hypervelocity impact experiments on olivine.
Amelioration of saline‐alkali land by cultivating Melia azedarach and characterization of underlying mechanisms via metabolome analysis
Authors: Li Na , Shao Tianyun , Jia Bingzhi , Yan Xiao , Wang Xinglan , Tao Chenyunzhu , Long Xiaohua , Liu Manqiang , Zhou Zhaosheng , Rengel Zed
Published: August 2023

Soil salinization is a serious problem leading to ecological degradation. Melia azedarach is highly salt‐tolerant, and its application to saline‐alkali land is a promising strategy for restoring degraded lands. However, most studies only focus on the salt‐reducing effect of herbs on saline‐alkali land, and there are few studies on the metabolic adaptation mechanism of trees in the process of soil restoration in coastal saline‐alkali land. In this study, we analyzed the soil properties and metabolome of M. azedarach roots grown in low‐ (<3 g/kg; L), medium‐ (5 ~ 8 g/kg; M), and high‐ (>10 g/kg; H) salinity soils to explore the amelioration effect and adaptation mechanism of M. azedarach to soils with differential salinity. Cultivation of M. azedarach was associated with a decrease in the concentration of Na+ and increases in organic matter content and alkaline phosphatase and urease activities in the rhizosphere soil. The metabolome analysis revealed that a total of 382 (ESI+) and 277 (ESI−) differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected. The number of DEMs in roots rose with increased soil salinity, such as sugars and flavonoids in H versus L, and amino acids in M versus L. The most up‐regulated DEMs were 13‐S‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 2′‐Deoxyuridine, and 20‐hydroxyleukotriene B4. Combined analysis of soil properties and M. azedarach DEMs indicated that alkaline phosphatase activity was positively correlated with traumatic acid concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that M. azedarach has the potential to reduce soil salinity and enhance soil enzyme activity, and it can adapt to salt stress by regulating metabolites like sugars, amino acids, and flavonoids. This study provides a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying the adaptation of M. azedarach to saline‐alkali soil and its amelioration.
Straightforward Cell Patterning with Ultra‐Low Background Using Polydimethylsiloxane Through‐Hole Membranes
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Sun Meilin , Xuanyuan Tingting , Zhang Jinwei , Liu Xufang , Liu Wenming
Published: August 2023

Micropatterning is becoming an increasingly popular tool to realize microscale cell positioning and decipher cell activities and functions under specific microenvironments. However, a facile methodology for building a highly precise cell pattern still remains challenging. In this study, A simple and straightforward method for stable and efficient cell patterning with ultra‐low background using polydimethylsiloxane through‐hole membranes is developed. The patterning process is conveniently on the basis of membrane peeling and routine pipetting. Cell patterning in high quality involving over 97% patterning coincidence and zero residue on the background is achieved. The high repeatability and stability of the established method for multiple types of cell arrangements with different spatial profiles is demonstrated. The customizable cell patterning with ultra‐low background and high diversity is confirmed to be quite feasible and reliable. Furthermore, the applicability of the patterning method for investigating the fundamental cell activities is also verified experimentally. The authors believe this microengineering advancement has valuable applications in many microscale cell manipulation‐associated research fields including cell biology, cell engineering, cell imaging, and cell sensing.
Modification of 3D‐Printed PLA Structures Using Photo‐Iniferter Polymerization: Toward On‐Demand Antimicrobial Water Filters
Authors: Lehnen Anne‐Catherine , Hanke Sebastian , Schneider Matthias , Radelof Charlotte M. L. , Perestrelo Joana , Reinicke Stefan , Reifarth Martin , Taubert Andreas , Arndt Katja M. , Hartlieb Matthias
Published: August 2023

Water filtration is an important application to ensure the accessibility of clean drinking water. As requirements and contaminants vary on a local level, adjustable filter devices and their evaluation with contaminants are required. Within this work, modular filter devices are designed featuring an adjustable surface functionalization. For this purpose, 3D‐printed structures are created consisting of bio‐based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) that are manufactured by extrusion printing. The surface of PLA is activated with amino groups that are used to install xanthates as chain transfer agents. Subsequently, photo‐iniferter (PI) polymerization is used to create cationic polymer brushes on the surface of PLA substrates. Multiple surface characterization techniques are employed to prove successful growth of polymer brushes on PLA. After initial optimization studies on flat surfaces, filter devices are printed, functionalized, and used to remove bacteria from contaminated water. Significant reduction of the number of microorganisms is detected after filtration (single filtration or cycling) and contaminating organism can also be removed from freshwater samples by simple incubation with a 3D‐printed filter. The herein developed setup for producing functional filter devices and probing their performance in affinity filtration is a useful platform technology, enabling the rapid testing of polymer brushes for such applications.
First home or first away? Optimal ordering in two‐legged ties
Authors: Jost Peter‐J.
Published: August 2023

We model a two‐legged tie between two teams as a two‐stage contest where each team chooses its attacking and defending effort for each leg. Assuming that each team has a home advantage for one of the matches, we analyze teams' preferences of order of play under different tiebreaking rules. We show that the answer depends on the size of the home advantage, the relative strengths of both teams, and the tiebreaking rule. In particular, we identify under which conditions a team prefers to play first home or first away and under which conditions they are indifferent.
Chemoimmunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma—Summary and discussion of recent clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Huang Jiaqian , Xu Yuhong , Luo Huiyan
Published: August 2023

As a kind of carcinoma with increasing morbidity, poor prognosis, and high mortality, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is challenging for clinical management. Chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for ESCC over decades, while its clinical outcomes remain unsatisfying. And the regimen that combine standard chemotherapy with targeted therapy also demonstrates little effect. However, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) proved to be a game changer in cancer treatment. Recent clinical trials had sprung up to evaluate the combined effect of ICI and chemotherapy regarding first‐line ESCC treatment. What's more, researchers attempt to explore the possibility to implement ICI monotherapy regarding second‐line ESCC treatment. In conclusion, most of the first‐line trails present inspiring achievement, while ICI monotherapy indicates little improvement for ESCC treatment. To point out the heterogenicity that could be the potential reasons biasing the pooled results, the differences of PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, geographic regions, chemotherapy regimens, and sex disparity among these trails are discussed respectively. In addition, the adverse events occurred during the trails are summarized, which confirm the safety of immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy. The article comprehensively reviews the representative explorations of using chemoimmunotherapy strategies in ESCC, as well as the deficiencies among them. Moreover, we highlight some feasible approaches. It will be beneficial for conducting more precise clinical trials on chemoimmunotherapy for ESCC in the future, including the use of more appropriate PD‐L1 IHC assays, careful consideration of the heterogeneity of the enrolled population and the optimal combination of chemotherapy and ICI.
Approximation of three‐dimensional nonlinear wave equations by fundamental solutions and weighted residuals process
Authors: Safari Farzaneh
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the localized method of fundamental solutions (LMFS) with coupling the dual reciprocity method (DRM) is applied to simulate three‐space dimensional nonlinear wave equations. First, DRM, which is a popular meshless method based on polyharmonic splines (PhS), is applied to obtain the particular solution. After evaluating the particular solution, 3D‐LMFS method can be employed to evaluate the homogeneous solution. The proposed 3D‐LMFS algorithms construct 3D artificial surfaces where source points and then the collocation procedure propose by using the fundamental solutions in each 3D surface. Straightforwardly, a solution to the 3D wave equation is approximated by a sum of the combination of PhS and fundamental solutions using LMFS. Eventually, the scheme has been prosperously tested with selected examples.
Jute woven fabric modified by phosphorus‐containing organosilicon compound reinforced flame retardant polylactic acid composites with enhanced flame retardant and mechanical properties
Authors: Zheng Ran , Chen Yajun , Sun Zhe , Zhang Jian , Deng Yaxin , Xu Xueling
Published: August 2023

Balancing the flame retardant properties and mechanical performance is important for flame retardant composites. In this research, the polylactic acid (PLA)/fiber composite is prepared by treating jute woven fabric with phosphorus‐containing organosilicon compound (PCOC) and adding intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to PLA using a film‐stacking procedure, which is named flame retardant PLA (FRPLA)/PC‐F. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PLA/fiber composites were studied and analyzed. Mechanical/flame retardant index (M/F index) was developed to compare the comprehensive properties of the composites. The limited oxygen index (LOI) test results show the LOI value of FRPLA/PC‐F reaches 34.1%, 14.1% higher than untreated PLA/fiber composite (PLA/F). In the cone calorimeter test, the pk‐heat release rate (HRR) value of FRLA/PC‐F decreases from 549 to 388 kW/m2 compared with PLA/F. In addition, the char yield of FRPLA/PC‐F increases from 1.9% (PLA/F) to 18.6%. The scanning electron microscope images of the char yield for FRPLA/PC‐F obtained from cone calorimetry test shows a continuous network structure with the fibrous skeleton completely wrapping by the dense and uniform char layer, which plays a barrier effect that inhibits the release of volatile substance and the transfer of heat. Meanwhile, FRPLA/PC‐F exhibits 28% and 19% improvement in tensile strength and impact strength compared with PLA/F due to the boost of interfacial adhesion between fiber and PLA. The M/F index of FRPLA/PC‐F is 1.15, which is the highest among all the composites, proving the best comprehensive properties and practical applicability. The results in this manuscript above make a great development, which is attractive in the design of PLA/fiber composites with great comprehensive performance.
Recent Advances in Pathology: the 2023 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology
Authors: Jones J Louise , Poulsom Richard , Coates Philip J
Published: August 2023

The 2023 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, Recent Advances in Pathology, contains 12 invited reviews on topics of current interest in pathology. This year, our subjects include immuno‐oncology and computational pathology approaches for diagnostic and research applications in human disease. Reviews on the tissue microenvironment include the effects of apoptotic cell‐derived exosomes, how understanding the tumour microenvironment predicts prognosis, and the growing appreciation of the diverse functions of fibroblast subtypes in health and disease. We also include up‐to‐date reviews of modern aspects of the molecular basis of malignancies, and our final review covers new knowledge of vascular and lymphatic regeneration in cardiac disease. All of the reviews contained in this issue are written by expert groups of authors selected to discuss the recent progress in their particular fields and all articles are freely available online (https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896). © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparency for what purpose?: Designing outcomes‐focused transparency tactics for digital platforms
Authors: Geng Yinuo
Published: August 2023

Transparency has long been held up as the solution to the societal harms caused by digital platforms' use of algorithms. However, what transparency means, how to create meaningful transparency, and what behaviors can be altered through transparency are all ambiguous legal and policy questions. This paper argues for beginning with clarifying the desired outcome (the “why”) before focusing on transparency processes and tactics (the “how”). Moving beyond analyses of the ways algorithms impact human lives, this research articulates an approach that tests and implements the right set of transparency tactics aligned to specific predefined behavioral outcomes we want to see on digital platforms. To elaborate on this approach, three specific desirable behavioral outcomes are highlighted, to which potential transparency tactics are then mapped. No single set of transparency tactics can solve all the harms possible from digital platforms, making such an outcomes‐focused transparency tactic selection approach the best suited to the constantly‐evolving nature of algorithms, digital platforms, and our societies.
Prospects of blockchain governance: Understanding key public values, principles, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Kassen Maxat
Published: August 2023

The article elaborates on the potential of blockchain technology to transform governance in different sectors of economy. The research primarily relies on rich empirical data that have been collected from semistructured interviews and focus group studies with professional blockchain developers. In this regard, the article aims to answer the following questions: How could blockchain governance conceptually work? How could one illustrate schematically key principles of its implementation? What are the key features of blockchain governance? Why are they important? What benefits could the concept bring to different sectors of economy if its potential is realized? What are the typical barriers and limitations of blockchain governance? What could be recommended to overcome them?
Regulating tuwei culture and migrant youth through Kuaishou's platform governance
Authors: Zhou Min , Liu Shih‐Diing
Published: August 2023

This study examines the platform governance of Kuaishou, a popular short‐video and live‐streaming platform that attracts many youngsters from rural areas in China. The platform's economy encourages these migrant youth to participate as content producers, offering them hope for upward mobility. Nevertheless, their cultural practices have frequently faced criticism for being vulgar and low‐brow. This article focuses on the evolving forms of platform governance, exploring how the state and the platform collaborate to devise new strategies for regulating users' cultural practices and how migrant youth creatively respond to increasing censorship measures. Drawing on over 4 years of field observation spanning from July 2017 to February 2022, this study investigates the dynamic process of the state's alliance with the platform. This alliance encompasses a range of approaches, from direct control to co‐optation and cooperation, as both the platform and its users actively engage with the state's political agenda to avoid punitive measures. The research suggests that migrant youth's platform practices cannot be simply characterized as a subculture subordinate to state‐approved narratives. Instead, they represent a complex negotiation involving the platform, the state, and subaltern subjects.
System identification for high‐performance UAV control in wind
Authors: Shastry Animesh K. , Paley Derek A.
Published: August 2023

This article describes and experimentally evaluates a comprehensive system identification framework for high‐performance UAV control in wind. The framework incorporates both linear offline and nonlinear online methods to estimate model parameters in support of a nonlinear model‐based control implementation. Inertial parameters of the UAV are estimated using a frequency‐domain linear system identification program by incorporating control data obtained from motor‐speed sensing along with state estimates from an automated frequency sweep maneuver. The drag‐force coefficients and external wind are estimated recursively in flight with a square‐root unscented Kalman filter. A custom flight controller is developed to handle the computational demand of the online estimation and control. Flight experiments illustrate the nonlinear controller's tracking performance and enhanced gust rejection capability.
Bearing‐only containment control of multi‐agent systems
Authors: Duan Mengmeng , Yang Ziwen , Zhu Shanying , Chen Cailian
Published: August 2023

Bearing‐only containment control means to achieve containment using only the bearing information, rather than the complete relative position information including both the bearing and the distance. Compared with the most existing relative position based containment control algorithms, the bearing‐only containment control algorithm is nonlinear due to the nonlinearity of the bearing, which renders the stability analysis challenging. In this article, the bearing‐only containment control problem of multi‐agent systems with dynamically changing topologies is investigated for two cases, where the leaders are stationary or dynamic. First, when the leaders are stationary, it is shown that the nonlinearity of the bearing leads to the unknown nonlinear time‐varying parameters in the system. Based on the boundedness of the nonlinear parameters and the connectivity of the switching directed sensing graphs, it is proven that all the followers converge to the stationary convex hull formed by the leaders asymptotically. Second, when the leaders are dynamic, a distributed estimator is proposed for each follower to keep a local estimate of the velocity of the leaders. Based on the optimality of the projection and the shift invariance of the normal cone, it is proven that all the followers converge to the dynamic convex hull formed by the leaders asymptotically under the conditions on the switching directed sensing and communication graphs. It is shown from the two cases that the distance information is not necessary for containment control, and containment can be achieved as long as the bearing information is provided. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Confidence intervals for the Cox model test error from cross‐validation
Authors: Sun Min Woo , Tibshirani Robert
Published: August 2023

Cross‐validation (CV) is one of the most widely used techniques in statistical learning for estimating the test error of a model, but its behavior is not yet fully understood. It has been shown that standard confidence intervals for test error using estimates from CV may have coverage below nominal levels. This phenomenon occurs because each sample is used in both the training and testing procedures during CV and as a result, the CV estimates of the errors become correlated. Without accounting for this correlation, the estimate of the variance is smaller than it should be. One way to mitigate this issue is by estimating the mean squared error of the prediction error instead using nested CV. This approach has been shown to achieve superior coverage compared to intervals derived from standard CV. In this work, we generalize the nested CV idea to the Cox proportional hazards model and explore various choices of test error for this setting.
Back-to-back inclusive dijets in DIS at small x: gluon Weizsäcker-Williams distribution at NLO
Authors: Caucal Paul , Salazar Farid , Schenke Björn , Stebel Tomasz , Venugopalan Raju
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In [1], we performed the first complete computation of the back-to-back inclusive dijet cross-section in Deeply Inelastic Scattering (DIS) at small xBj to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory (CGC EFT). We demonstrate here that for dijets with relative transverse momentum P⊥ and transverse momentum imbalance q⊥, to leading power in q⊥/P⊥, the cross-section for longitudinally polarized photons can be fully factorized into the product of a perturbative impact factor and the non-perturbative Weizsäcker-Williams (WW) transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon distribution to NLO accuracy. The impact factor can further be expressed as the product of a universal soft factor which resums Sudakov double and single logs in P⊥/q⊥ and a coefficient function given by a remarkably compact analytic expression. We show that in the CGC EFT the WW TMD satisfies a kinematically constrained JIMWLK renormalization group evolution in rapidity. This factorization formula is valid to all orders in Qs/q⊥ for q⊥, Qs ≪ P⊥, where Qs is the semi-hard saturation scale that grows with rapidity.
Toward a complete description of b → uℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$ within the Weak Effective Theory decays
Authors: Leljak Domagoj , Melić Blaženka , Novak Filip , Reboud Méril , van Dyk Danny
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We fit the available data on exclusive semileptonic b → uℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

decays within the Standard Model and in the Weak Effective Theory. Assuming Standard Model dynamics, we find $$ \left|{V}_{ub}\right|={3.59}_{-0.12}^{+0.13}\times {10}^{-3} $$

V
ub

=

3.59

−
0.12

+
0.13

×

10

−
3

. Lifting this assumption, we obtain stringent constraints on the coefficients of the ubℓν sector of the Weak Effective Theory. Performing a Bayesian model comparison, we find that a beyond the Standard Model interpretation is favoured over a Standard Model interpretation of the available data. We provide a Gaussian mixture model that enables the efficient use of our fit results in subsequent analyses beyond the Standard Model, within and beyond the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory.
Parity violating scalar-tensor model in teleparallel gravity and its cosmological application
Authors: Rao Haomin , Zhao Dehao
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The parity violating model based on teleparallel gravity is a competitive scheme for parity violating gravity, which has been preliminary studied in the literature. To further investigate the parity violating model in teleparallel gravity, in this paper, we construct all independent parity-odd terms that are quadratic in torsion tensor and coupled to a scalar field in a way without higher-order derivatives. Using these parity-odd terms, we formulate a general parity violating scalar-tensor model in teleparallel gravity and obtain its equations of motion. To explore potentially viable models within the general model, we investigate the cosmological application of a submodel of the general model in which terms above the second power of torsion are eliminated. We focus on analyzing cosmological perturbations and identify the conditions that preserve the parity violating signal of gravitational waves at linear order while avoiding the ghost instability.
Quantum groups, non-commutative AdS2, and chords in the double-scaled SYK model
Authors: Berkooz Micha , Isachenkov Misha , Narayan Prithvi , Narovlansky Vladimir
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We study the double-scaling limit of SYK (DS-SYK) model and elucidate the underlying quantum group symmetry. The DS-SYK model is characterized by a parameter q, and in the q → 1 and low-energy limit it goes over to the familiar Schwarzian theory. We relate the chord and transfer-matrix picture to the motion of a “boundary particle” on the Euclidean Poincaré disk, which underlies the single-sided Schwarzian model. AdS2 carries an action of $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
(2, ℝ) ≃ $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(1, 1), and we argue that the symmetry of the full DS-SYK model is a certain q-deformation of the latter, namely $$ {\mathcal{U}}_{\sqrt{q}} $$

U

q

($$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(1, 1)). We do this by obtaining the effective Hamiltonian of the DS-SYK as a (reduction of) particle moving on a lattice deformation of AdS2, which has this $$ {\mathcal{U}}_{\sqrt{q}} $$

U

q

($$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(1, 1)) algebra as its symmetry. We also exhibit the connection to non-commutative geometry of q-homogeneous spaces, by obtaining the effective Hamiltonian of the DS-SYK as a (reduction of) particle moving on a non-commutative deformation of AdS3. There are families of possibly distinct q-deformed AdS2 spaces, and we point out which are relevant for the DS-SYK model.
Digitale, personalisierte Gesundheitsinformationsangebote von Ärzt*innen: Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Patient*innen und Ärzt*innen zu Akzeptanz und Anforderungen
Authors: Link Elena , Memenga Paula
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

Die Aneignung von Gesundheitsinformationen ist grundlegend für die Verantwortungsübernahme von Patient*innen. Um dies zu unterstützen, müssen neue Wege der Informationsbereitstellung gefunden werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die digitale, personalisierte Bereitstellung von Gesundheitsinformationen durch Ärzt*innen betrachtet und ihre Verbreitung sowie die Nutzungsintention und Anforderungen von Patient*innen und Ärzt*innen untersucht.

Methoden

Durchgeführt wurden jeweils eine Online-Befragung einer für die deutsche Bevölkerung stratifizierten Stichprobe von Patient*innen (N = 1000) sowie eine Online-Befragung von Ärzt*innen (N = 364) zum Thema digitale, personalisierte Gesundheitsinformationsangebote. Es wurden die Art der Informationsbereitstellung im ärztlichen Setting, die Nutzungsintention sowie Anforderungen an digitale Informationsangebote erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Digitale, personalisierte Informationsangebote sind bisher selten. Patient*innen würden ein solches Angebot allerdings befürworten, während Ärzt*innen skeptischer eingestellt sind. Die Patient*innen legen Wert auf die Nutzerfreundlichkeit und die Informationsqualität. In Bezug auf die Darstellungsform werden Texte tendenziell wichtiger eingeschätzt als Videos. Ärzt*innen ist dagegen wichtig, dass das Angebot von einem oder einer vertrauenswürdigen Anbieter*in stammt, leitlinienkonform und kostenlos ist.

Diskussion

Die Potenziale der digitalen Transformation der Informationsbereitstellung werden bisher nur bedingt ausgeschöpft. Während bei Patient*innen die Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Implementierung gegeben zu sein scheint, gilt es, aufseiten der Ärzt*innen Vorbehalte abzubauen, den Nutzen entsprechender Angebote zu kommunizieren und systemische Anreize zu schaffen.
Cinnamic acid mitigates methotrexate-induced lung fibrosis in rats: comparative study with pirfenidone
Authors: Abdalhameid Eman , Abd El-Haleim Enas A. , Abdelsalam Rania M. , Georgy Gehan S. , Fawzy Hala M. , Kenawy Sanaa A.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Lung fibrosis is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by excessive accumulation of scarred tissue, leading to lung architecture destruction and restricted ventilation. The current work was conducted to examine the probable shielding influence of cinnamic acid against lung fibrosis induced by methotrexate.

Methods

Rats were pre-treated with oral administration of cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, whereas methotrexate (14 mg/kg) was orally given on the 5th and 12th days of the experiment. Pirfenidone (50 mg/kg/day) was used as a standard drug. At the end of the experiment, oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and total glutathione) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8), as well as transforming growth factor-β and collagen content, as fibrosis indicators, were measured in lung tissue.

Results

Our results revealed that cinnamic acid, as pirfenidone, effectively prevented the methotrexate-induced overt histopathological damage. This was associated with parallel improvements in oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrotic parameters measured. The outcomes of cinnamic acid administration were more or less the same as those of pirfenidone. In conclusion, pre-treatment with cinnamic acid protects against methotrexate-induced fibrosis, making it a promising prophylactic adjuvant therapy to methotrexate and protecting against its possible induction of lung fibrosis.
Genome maintenance meets mechanobiology
Authors: Spegg Vincent , Altmeyer Matthias
Published: August 2023

Genome stability is key for healthy cells in healthy organisms, and deregulated maintenance of genome integrity is a hallmark of aging and of age-associated diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. To maintain a stable genome, genome surveillance and repair pathways are closely intertwined with cell cycle regulation and with DNA transactions that occur during transcription and DNA replication. Coordination of these processes across different time and length scales involves dynamic changes of chromatin topology, clustering of fragile genomic regions and repair factors into nuclear repair centers, mobilization of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and activation of cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we provide a general overview of cell cycle regulation and of the processes involved in genome duplication in human cells, followed by an introduction to replication stress and to the cellular responses elicited by perturbed DNA synthesis. We discuss fragile genomic regions that experience high levels of replication stress, with a particular focus on telomere fragility caused by replication stress at the ends of linear chromosomes. Using alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancer cells and ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) as examples of replication stress-associated clustered DNA damage, we discuss compartmentalization of DNA repair reactions and the role of protein properties implicated in phase separation. Finally, we highlight emerging connections between DNA repair and mechanobiology and discuss how biomolecular condensates, components of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and interfaces between membrane-bound organelles and membraneless macromolecular condensates may cooperate to coordinate genome maintenance in space and time.
Medienkompetenz in Familien
Authors: Hantinger Marion
Published: August 2023

Die Verwendung von Medien in Familien ist ein wichtiges Thema in der heutigen Gesellschaft, da immer mehr Familien auf digitale Medien wie Smartphones, Tablets, Computer und Fernseher zugreifen. Familien sollten Regeln und Richtlinien für die Verwendung von Medien aufstellen. Eltern sollten als Vorbilder agieren und selbst verantwortungsbewusst mit Medien umgehen, um ihre Kinder zu ermutigen, dies ebenfalls zu tun. Die Aufgabe der Fachkräfte, die mit Familien arbeiten, ist es, die Eltern auf diese Herausforderung vorzubereiten und begleitend zu unterstützen. Bildungs- und Ausbildungsprogramme können ebenfalls eine wichtige Rolle bei der Förderung der Medienkompetenz spielen.
Root-analogue implants compared to forced orthodontic extrusion: a retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological and esthetic outcomes after restoration
Authors: Böse Mats Wernfried Heinrich , Beuer Florian , Naumann Michael , Spies Benedikt Christopher , Neumeyer Stefan , Hildebrand Detlef , Bruhnke Maria
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To assess clinical, radiological and esthetic outcomes of restorations supported by root-analogue implants (RAIs) or roots of severely damaged teeth after forced orthodontic extrusion (FOE).

Materials and methods

Clinical data regarding milled one-piece (titanium/zirconia roots and zirconia abutments) RAIs (REPLICATE™ System) and FOE were recorded and retrospectively evaluated for 40 patients by two investigators. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Functional and esthetic outcomes were assessed for n = 20 pre-molars and n = 20 anterior teeth via comparison of radiographic and digital images applying the novel Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS). Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient was calculated to assess inter-rater reliability. Mann–Whitney-U-Test was used to compare the assessed parameters. Level of significance was set to p < 0.05.

Results

After a mean observation period of 18.4 ± 5.7 months for restorations supported by RAIs and 43.9 ± 16.4 months for restorations after FOE, mean FIPS scores were 9.2/8.8 ± 1.1/1.2 (RAIs) and 7.4/7.7 ± 1.3/1.5 (FOE), respectively. Krippendorff’s alpha coefficients did not reveal unacceptable inter-rater reliabilities regarding the investigators and applicability of FIPS. Significant differences were documented when comparing restorations after FOE or supported by RAIs regarding bone loss (p < 0.01), presence of papillae (p < 0.05) and quality and quantity of mucosa (p < 0.02) in favor of FOE.

Conclusions

Within the main limitations of sample size and the retrospective study design, both concepts seem to provide clinically acceptable results.

Clinical relevance

Bone- and tissue-preserving characteristics regarding the concept of FOE are promising. It could be applicable for socket preservation and subsequent conventional implant placements in an adapted workflow.
On the mixed connectivity conjecture of Beineke and Harary
Authors: Johann Sebastian S. , Krumke Sven O. , Streicher Manuel
Published: August 2023

The conjecture of Beineke and Harary states that for any two vertices which can be separated by k vertices and l edges for $$l\ge 1$$

l
≥
1

but neither by k vertices and $$l-1$$

l
-
1

edges nor $$k-1$$

k
-
1

vertices and l edges there are $$k+l$$

k
+
l

edge-disjoint paths connecting these two vertices of which $$k+1$$

k
+
1

are internally disjoint.In this paper we prove this conjecture for $$l=2$$

l
=
2

and every $$k\in \mathbb {N}$$

k
∈
N

.We utilize this result to prove that the conjecture holds for all graphs of treewidth at most 3 and all k and l.
Incidental Adaptation: The Role of Non-climate Regulations
Authors: Bento Antonio M. , Miller Noah , Mookerjee Mehreen , Severnini Edson
Published: August 2023

When a non-climate institution, policy, or regulation corrects a pre-existing market failure that would be exacerbated by climate change, it may also incidentally induce climate adaptation. This regulation-induced adaptation can have large positive welfare effects. We develop a tractable analytical framework of a corrective regulation where the market failure interacts with climate, highlighting the mechanism of regulation-induced adaptation: reductions in the climate-exacerbated effects of pre-existing market failures. We demonstrate this empirically for the US from 1980 to 2013, showing that ambient ozone concentrations increase with rising temperatures, but that such increase is attenuated in counties that are out of attainment with the Clean Air Act’s ozone standards. Adaptation in nonattainment counties reduced the impact of a 1 °C increase in climate normal temperature on ozone concentration by 0.64 parts per billion, or about one-third of the total impact. Over half of that effect was induced by the standard, implying a regulation-induced welfare benefit of $412–471 million per year by mid-century under current warming projections.
The Role of Mental Effort in Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Interleaved and Blocked Study Strategies and Their Willingness to Use Them
Authors: Janssen Eva M. , van Gog Tamara , van de Groep Laura , de Lange Anne Jóia , Knopper Roosmarijn L. , Onan Erdem , Wiradhany Wisnu , de Bruin Anique B. H.
Published: August 2023

Students tend to avoid effective but effortful study strategies. One potential explanation could be that high-effort experiences may not give students an immediate feeling of learning, which may affect their perceptions of the strategy’s effectiveness and their willingness to use it. In two experiments, we investigated the role of mental effort in students’ considerations about a typically effortful and effective strategy (interleaved study) versus a typically less effortful and less effective strategy (blocked study), and investigated the effect of individual feedback about students’ study experiences and learning outcomes on their considerations. Participants learned painting styles using both blocked and interleaved studying (within-subjects, Experiment 1, N = 150) or either blocked or interleaved studying (between-subjects, Experiment 2, N = 299), and reported their study experiences and considerations before, during, and after studying. Both experiments confirmed prior research that students reported higher effort investment and made lower judgments of learning during interleaved than during blocked studying. Furthermore, effort was negatively related to students’ judgments of learning and (via these judgments) to the perceived effectiveness of the strategy and their willingness to use it. Interestingly, these relations were stronger in Experiment 1 than in Experiment 2, suggesting that effort might become a more influential cue when students can directly compare experiences with two strategies. Feedback positively affected students’ considerations about interleaved studying, yet not to the extent that they considered it more effective and desirable than blocked studying. Our results provide evidence that students use effort as a cue for their study strategy decisions.
Dimensions of Warm Parenting Attributions Differentiate Conduct Problem Subtypes in Young Children
Authors: Kaouar Silvana , Fleming Georgette E. , Neo Bryan , Hawes David J. , Eapen Valsamma , Kimonis Eva R.
Published: August 2023

Understanding the developmental psychopathology of child conduct problems (CP) has been advanced by differentiating subtypes based on levels of internalizing problems (INT) and/or callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., low empathy/guilt, poor motivation, shallow/deficient affect). The current study sought to elucidate prior inconsistencies in the role of warm/positive and harsh/negative parenting subcomponents in CP by differentiating subtypes on the basis of INT and CU traits. Parents of 135 young children (M age = 4.21 years, SD = 1.29) referred to specialty clinics for the treatment of CP completed pre-treatment measures of parenting and rated their child’s levels of CP, INT, and CU traits. Results of planned comparisons revealed that mothers of children classified as secondary CU variants (high CU/ high INT) reported fewer overall warm attributions toward their child, compared with CP-only (low CU) children. They also reported a more negative dyadic relationship characterized by feelings of anger/hostility, active avoidance and/or a desire to do harm to their child relative to primary CU variants (high CU/ low INT). Mothers of primary CU variants attributed fewer good and altruistic intentions towards others in their child, relative to CP-only children. Subtypes were undifferentiated on observed positive and negative parenting behaviors, indicative of a disconnect between parenting behaviors and cognitions for mothers of children high on CU traits. Findings are discussed in relation to their theoretical and practice implications, and in guiding future research.
Temperature stability of Co/Pt and Co/Pd synthetic antiferromagnets using an Ir spacer
Authors: Caseiro M. , Macedo R. , Araujo P. D. R. , Cardoso S. , Erkovan M. , Freitas P. P.
Published: August 2023

The magnetic properties of Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayers of perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets with an Ir spacer were investigated. A strong interlayer exchange coupling of $$J_{\mathrm{{ex}}}=2.01$$

J
ex

=
2.01

$$\mathrm{{erg/cm}}^2$$

erg
/
cm

2

was observed in the Co/Pt-based structures and a lower value of $$J_{\mathrm{{ex}}}=1.04$$

J
ex

=
1.04

$$\mathrm{{erg/cm}}^2$$

erg
/
cm

2

was found in the Co/Pd multilayers. Only the former revealed a high post-annealing stability at $$T_a=330\,^{\circ }$$

T
a

=
330

∘

C, as the latter exhibited a ferromagnetic coupling most likely due to the deterioration of the spacer by pinhole coupling. This assumption was confirmed by theoretical calculations of the total energy functional. Moreover, the high temperature stability of Ir-based Co/Pt p-SAF structures was verified by calculating the exchange field $$H_{\mathrm{{ex}}}$$

H
ex

from magnetization M(H) loops as a function of temperature, where it reached a temperature of $$T_b=370\,^{\circ }$$

T
b

=
370

∘

C before losing all interlayer exchange coupling.