bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museum presence. An attempt to map what cannot be mapped
Authors: Madsen Theis Vallø
Published: August 2018

Presence has become a new object of study within architecture, literature, art, anthropology, and museology. Theorists have described presence as a state of being lost in focused intensity, an attitude towards history as an ongoing process, and as a newfound interest in the materiality of collections and the museum space. In this article, the work on mapping a small historical museum in Denmark makes use of presence theory in a(n) (futile) attempt to represent the embodied experience of museum space including time, movements, atmosphere, and presence effects. This article introduces a provisional counterintuitive method – in this case mapping presence – in order to point to those qualities of the museum which are often overlooked. The cumbersome presence is here considered to be a logical, predictable and static object of study. In this specific case, the counterintuitive method will attempt to get a hold of presence using one of the most uncreative and conventional parts of the museum institution: the museum map. The article’s map draws on Merleau-Ponty, Deleuze and Guattari’s mapping, Gumbrecht’s descriptions of presence, Böhme’s distinction between Realität and Wirklichkeit, and Ingold’s meshwork, lines, and knots in order to point to potential zones of presence in the museum.
A virtual diorama. Mapping archives in situ at places of cultural significance
Authors: Westin Jonathan , Almevik Gunnar
Published: August 2018

Using the wooden church of Södra Råda as a case study, this article concerns new applications of technology to contextualise and activate archive material in situ at places of cultural significance. Using a combination of augmented reality and virtual reality, we describe a process of turning historical photographs and two-dimensional reconstruction drawings into three-dimensional virtual models that can be lined up to a physical space. The leading questions for our investigation concern how archive material can be contextualised, and how the result may be made accessible in situ and contribute to place development. The result of this research suggests possibilities for using historical photographs to faithfully reconstruct lost historical spaces as three-dimensional surfaces that contextualise documentation and offer spatial information.
Repatriation of museum objects from national collections to local communities in Norway
Authors: Løkka Nanna
Published: August 2018

In this article, I examine ongoing debates in Norway on repatriation of cultural heritage in the form of antiquities. The focus is however not on international debates regarding colonial looting or indigenous’ rights to manage their own heritage as is usually the case within this topic, but rather on local claims for the return of cultural treasures from national museums. In cases such as those examined here, local institutions (museums and churches) have requested central museums to return cultural antiquities to the local community claiming that this is where they originally were in use and therefore belong. In this article I take a closer look at the arguments given by the local and the central stakeholders in heritage management. The arguments and practice reveal ideologies and ethical principles at work within the sector, but also show how these are constantly shifting. Further on, I discuss this practice in relation to Norwegian heritage politics.
The birth of the museum in the Nordic countries. Kunstkammer museology and museography
Authors: Ekman Mattias
Published: August 2018

The article positions early modern collecting in relation to wider cultures of knowledge production by using perspectives from the history of knowledge, memory studies, and recent studies of Kunstkammern. Some twenty-five years after the reawakened interest in early modern collections the author revisits the question if the museum in the Nordic countries was born in the mid-seventeenth century and asks if collections became museums and a museum culture was established with the appearance of, one, museography, theories and methods of classification and display, two, museology, a science or profession of museum organisation and management, and, three, designated, purpose-built architecture and furniture. The first part brings into play exemplary scholarly and monarchical collectors that contributed to the development of museography and museology. The second part addresses seventeenth-century museography by introducing two acts of knowledge production and retention in the Kunstkammern – asking questions and selecting and ordering. Finally, the author discusses the findings in relation to arguments for placing the museum’s birth in the decades around 1800.
Halal-dating som ungdomskultur. Forhandlinger om ekteskaps- og samlivspraksiser blant norsk ungdom med muslimsk bakgrunn
Authors: Bøe Marianne
Published: August 2018

Ingress Ekteskapet er et sentralt diskusjonstema innenfor islam, og blir også diskutert blant norske ungdommer med muslimsk bakgrunn. Enkelte velger å inngå utenomrettslige religiøse ekteskap for å kunne være sammen på en “halal måte”, mens andre er i kjæresteforhold hvor de selv bestemmer klare grenser for hva som er tillatt og ikke. Denne artikkelen bygger på intervjuer og samtaler med et utvalg ungdom med muslimsk bakgrunn bosatt i Bergens- og Stavangerområdet, og gir innblikk i hvordan disse ungdommene forhandler om religiøs identitet, intimitet og seksualitet som del av en norsk ungdomskultur. AbstractMarriage represents a fundamental topic of debate in Islam, and is also discussed among Norwegian youth of Muslim background. Some of them choose to engage in extrajudicial religious marriages as a “halal way” of being together, while others are in love relationships where they define for themselves the boundaries of what is allowed and not. This article builds on interviews and conversations with youth of Muslim background residing on the south west coast of Norway, and offers a glimpse into how these young people negotiate with regard to religious identity, intimacy and sexuality as part of a Norwegian youth culture.Nøkkelord: Norsk ungdomskultur; Islam; Utenomrettslige religiøse ekteskap; Halal-dating; Religiøs identitet; Intimitet; Seksualitet. Keywords: Norwegian youth culture; Islam; Extrajudicial religious marriages; Halal dating; Religious identity; Intimacy; Sexuality.
Feltarbeid: religion i nærmiljøet
Authors: Snoek Lina Engelstad
Published: August 2018

På Frogn videregående skole har vi de siste årene startet opp undervisningen i religion og etikk på vg3 med et feltarbeid i nærmiljøet. Etter en introduksjon og diskusjon av religionsdefinisjoner og dimensjoner sender vi elevene ut for å utforske et religiøst eller religionsliknende fenomen, og presentere for klassen. Vi har to hovedtanker bak feltarbeidet: for det første å gjøre elevene bevisst på mangfoldet i religiøse uttrykk som til enhver tid utspiller seg rundt dem. For det andre å få dem til å bli kjent med tenkemåten i faget og bruke fagterminologien selvstendig så tidlig som mulig. Oppgaven er blitt en tradisjon som både elevene og vi lærerne setter stor pris på. I denne artikkelen presenterer jeg noen av mine egne erfaringer og respons som elevene gav i en refleksjonslogg på slutten av perioden, i september 2016. Elevsvarene er anonymisert.Nøkkelord: Religion og etikk, videregående skole, religionsdidaktikk, feltarbeid
Bokmeldinger
Authors: Sando Svein , Skrefsrud Thor-Andre , Hirsch Asbjørn
Published: August 2018

Følgende titler er anmeldt:Ingeborg Tveter Thoresen (2015)Barnehagelæreren. Profesjon, politikk og forskningOslo: Cappelen Damm AkademiskFrédérique Brossard Børhaug & Ingrid Helleve (Red.) 2016. Interkulturell pedagogikk som motkraft – i en monokulturell praksis. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.Løvlie Schibbye, Anne-Lise og Løvlie, Elisabeth (2017) Du og barnet. Om å skape gode relasjoner med barn. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehagen
Authors: Håberg Liv Ingrid Aske
Published: August 2018

Artikkelen undersøker kva som kjenneteiknar barnesentrert pedagogikk i barnehage og samfunn, og kva konsekvensar ei slik pedagogisk retning kan ha for barn i vår tid som ofte blir omtala som den postmoderne tidsalderen. Barnesentrert pedagogikk blir for det første omhandla ved å bli definert teoretisk, knytt til danningsteoriar og den didaktiske trekanten. For det andre blir det vist til historiske trekk ved samfunn og kultur som kan ha støtta opp under utvikling av denne typen pedagogikk i barnehagen. For det tredje presenterer artikkelen nyare empirisk forsking som problematiserer om pedagogiske retningar førekjem i reindyrka form eller som hybridar. Til saman legg dette grunnlag for drøfting av om barnesentrert pedagogikk både underbygger narsissistiske tendensar og gir barn eit for stort ansvar for eiga utvikling og læring.Nøkkelord: danning, narsissisme, sjølvverksemd, hybrid pedagogikk, didaktikk, barnehageAbstract: The article looks into the concept of child-centered pedagogy in kindergarten and society and what consequences these pedagogical directions might have for children in our time. Child-centered pedagogy will firstly be theoretically defined through educational theories and the didactic triangle, secondly, through historical aspects of society and culture that might have helped the development of this type of pedagogy in kindergarten. Thirdly, the article presents recent empirical research questioning whether pedagogical directions appear in pure form or as hybrids. Together, this creates a foundation for a discussion of whether child-centered pedagogy both substantiates narcissistic tendencies and gives children too much responsibility for their own development and learning.Key words: education (Bildung), narcissism, self-activity, hybrid pedagogy, didactic, kindergarten
Bokmelding: Religion i skolen
Authors: Fuglseth Kåre
Published: August 2018

Bokmelding av Marie von der Lippe & Sidsel Undheim (red.). 2017. Religion i skolen. Didaktiske perspektiver på religions- og livssynsfaget. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Passive Optical Networks: Introduction
Authors: Altabas Jose A. , Sarmiento Samael , Lazaro Jose A.
Published: August 2018

Passive optical networks (PONs) are telecommunication networks that provide services to users by no active elements. Only passive elements are used in the network to transmit the information and signals between users as well as between users and the companies operating the telecommunication networks.PONhave evolved from their infancy as fine and economical ideas, toward a long‐term, reliable, and cost‐effective technical solutions for providing access to most users to high‐speed Internet by Fiber‐to‐the‐Home (and similar) solutions.

PONare still evolving, providing the base of multiple standardized networks and in combination with different technologies are growing into metropolitan networks and extensions of mobile communications.

Herein, we overview the state of the art of passive optical networks as well as their basic concepts. This work is divided into four sections: In Section 1, we give a summary of the main concepts of passive optical networks. Sections 2 and 3 introduce the most important features ofITU‐TRecommendations andIEEEStandards for passive access networks, respectively. Finally, Section 4 concludes the article with an overview on the future trends ofPONsfor access networks.
Composition and Functional Properties of Saline‐Soluble Protein Concentrates Prepared from Four Common Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila P. , Sutivisedsak Nongnuch , Evangelista Roque L. , Cheng Huai N. , Biswas Atanu
Published: August 2018

Chemical and functional properties of proteins from four common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; black [BL], dark red kidney [DRK], Great Northern [GN], and pinto [PT]) were determined to identify possible value‐added uses. Proteins were extracted with 0.5 M NaCl at 45°C and analyzed for proximate and amino‐acid compositions, molecular weights, and functional properties (solubility, foaming, emulsification, and water‐holding capacity (WHC)). The lowest protein recovery was for BL bean (65%) and the highest for PT beans (77%). Protein extracts had 79–82% (dry basis [db]) crude protein. Ground beans (meals) and protein products had near‐identical SDS‐PAGE patterns of 10–12 polypeptide bands (MW = 6.5–107 kDa). Amino‐acid profiles were also similar, with notable amounts of nutritionally essential amino acids. All bean‐protein samples were least soluble (10–28% soluble proteins) at pH near 4.5 and highly soluble (50–94% soluble proteins) at pH 2, 7, and 10. Bean proteins exhibited excellent foaming capacities (>110 mL) and stabilities (>90% remaining foam after 15 min) regardless of pH. All bean‐protein products had the highest emulsifying activity and stability indices at pH 10 (>350 m2 g−1 protein and 44–142 min, respectively). WHC of proteins in bean meals were about two times higher than their protein extracts (2.3–3.4 and 0.9–2.0 g water per gram protein, respectively). GN, BL, PT, and DRK bean proteins have desirable properties that may find practical uses in health foods, acidic beverages, pressurized foamed products, and emulsions.
Snow–precipitation coupling and related atmospheric feedbacks over North America
Authors: Diro Gulilat Tefera , Sushama Laxmi
Published: August 2018

Understanding snow–precipitation coupling mechanisms is of great importance both from theoretical and operational considerations. Here, carefully designed climate model experiments, with and without interactive snow, are conducted to study snow–precipitation coupling mechanisms over North America. Coupling hotspots are identified over southern Canada during December and over the central United States during January. The hotspot over southern Canada involves a positive snow–atmosphere feedback mechanism, whereby snow modifies the large‐scale atmospheric features, which resembles the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation. This favors storm activity and enhanced snow over the region. The coupling over the central United States during January, on the other hand, is tied to the albedo effect of snow, which leads to cooling of the lower atmosphere, which in turn determines the precipitation phase, favoring snow formation over rain. The results from this study, in general, are informative for sub‐seasonal to seasonal prediction of winter precipitation for the studied regions.
The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on the Channel Formation during Directional Solidification of Aqueous Ammonium Chloride Solution
Authors: Ding Biao , Zhou Tao , Ren Weili , Zhong Yunbo , Yu Jianbo , Ren Zhongming , Li Fei
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the effect of magnetic field on the channel formation by using a 27 wt.% aqueous ammonium chloride solution at an initial base temperature of 246 K (−27 °C) under magnetic fields of 0.03T, 0.05T, and 0.1T. The application of a magnetic field suppresses channel formation, as reflected by the delayed occurrence, the decreased number and density of channels, and the increased areas with no channels and mushy‐zone height necessary to form channels. The suppression of channel formation is caused by the magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) effect on convection during directional solidification. The higher temperature gradient in the mushy zone under an applied magnetic field further confirms the mechanism. The present investigation would help to provide useful predictions for the influence of magnetic field on channel formation during the directional solidification of alloys.
Calibration‐free quantitative immunoassay by flow cytometry: Theoretical consideration and practical implementation for IgG antibody binding to CD14 receptors on human leukocytes
Authors: Khalo Irina V. , Kozyreva Viktoriya S. , Vakhrushev Roman V. , Patlai Daria S. , Shilova Anna N. , Karpenko Andrei A. , Yurkin Maxim A. , Moskalensky Alexander E. , Strokotov Dmitry I. , Maltsev Valeri P. , Chernyshev Andrei V.
Published: August 2018

We propose a calibration‐free method to determine the number of receptors per cell, as well as the direct and the reverse reaction rate constants for a single receptor. The method is based on the analysis of the temporal evolution of the cells mean fluorescent intensity measured by a flow cytometer during the ligand–receptor (antigen–antibody) binding under the conditions of their comparable concentrations. We developed the kinetic approach accounting both for the delay between the dilution and the measurement and for the practical duration of the measurement itself. The method was applied to determine thenumber of CD14 receptors on human blood mononuclear (granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) cells of several donors. We also obtained the direct ( (5.6 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 min−1) and reverse ( (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10−2 min−1) rate constants of ligand–receptor interaction, and estimated the size of the binding site as b = 0.5 nm. The latter allows one to recalculate the rate constants for a different ligand, fluorescent label, medium viscosity, and/or temperature. The knowledge of the rate constants is essential for the calibration‐free determination of the number of receptors per cell from a single kinetic curve of the cells mean fluorescence intensity.
Does the aroma of a patient’s preferred dental topical anaesthetic affect anxiety, fear, and autonomic nervous system activity prior to dental local anaesthesia? A randomized trial
Authors: Tsutsui Yukako , Mizuno Ju , Sunada Katsuhisa
Published: August 2018

Aromas are believed to have powerful effects on emotional states in humans. Treatment with dental local anaesthesia (DLA) is a mentally stressful and fearful experience for many patients. We investigated the effect of using a topical anaesthetic with a patient‐preferred aroma prior to DLA on anxiety, fear, and autonomic nervous system activity (ANSA). Anxiety and fear were assessed in 68 healthy volunteers using both a modified Japanese translation of Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐s) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). ANSA was assessed by heart‐rate variability (HRV) analysis, which yields normalized low‐frequency (%LF) and high‐frequency (%HF) components. These parameters were assessed at baseline and immediately prior to DLA. The volunteers randomly received either a topical anaesthetic without an aroma (non‐aroma group) or one with a patient‐selected aroma (aroma group) prior to DLA. The data were statistically analysed with two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc t‐tests. The STAI‐s scores in the non‐aroma group prior to DLA were significantly higher than the baseline scores. In contrast, the STAI‐s scores in the aroma group prior to DLA were not significantly higher than the baseline scores. On the other hand, the VAS scores in both the non‐aroma group and the aroma group were significantly higher prior to DLA than the baseline scores. Patients do not experience increased anxiety when using dental topical anaesthetic with their preferred aroma prior to DLA.
Extracellular vesicles from human liver stem cells inhibit tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Lopatina Tatiana , Grange Cristina , Fonsato Valentina , Tapparo Marta , Brossa Alessia , Fallo Sofia , Pitino Adriana , Herrera‐Sanchez Maria Beatriz , Kholia Sharad , Camussi Giovanni , Bussolati Benedetta
Published: August 2018

Human liver stem‐like cells (HLSC) and derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were previously shown to exhibit anti‐tumor activity. In our study, we investigated whether HLSC‐derived EVs (HLSC‐EVs) were able to inhibit tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, in comparison with EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC‐EVs). The results obtained indicated that HLSC‐EVs, but not MSC‐EVs, inhibited the angiogenic properties of tumor‐derived endothelial cells (TEC) both in vitro and in vivo in a model of subcutaneous implantation in Matrigel. Treatment of TEC with HLSC‐EVs led to the down‐regulation of pro‐angiogenic genes. Since HLSC‐EVs carry a specific set of microRNAs (miRNAs) that could target these genes, we investigated their potential role by transfecting TEC with HLSC‐EV specific miRNAs. We observed that four miRNAs, namely miR‐15a, miR‐181b, miR‐320c and miR‐874, significantly inhibited the angiogenic properties of TEC in vitro, and decreased the expression of some predicted target genes (ITGB3, FGF1, EPHB4 and PLAU). In parallel, TEC treated with HLSC‐EVs significantly enhanced expression of miR‐15a, miR‐181b, miR‐320c and miR‐874 associated with the down‐regulation of FGF1 and PLAU. In summary, HLSC‐EVs possess an anti‐tumorigenic effect, based on their ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Polymorphisms in TH1‐TH2 cytokine and receptor genes associated with risk of vertical HIV transmission, in Mumbai, India
Authors: Ahir‐Bist Swati , Chavan Vijay , Samant‐Mavani Padmaja , Nanavati Ruchi , Mehta Preeti , Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti
Published: August 2018

Background

Vertical HIV transmission does not occur in all exposed infants. Many infants remain HIV uninfected even after exposure. This is partly attributed to the host genes involving cytokine production, which is rarely documented in vertical transmission.

Methods

Here, an observational cohort study evaluated whether polymorphisms in cytokine, receptor and antagonist genes are associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed via the polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers method. Haplotype block structure was determined and statistical analysis was performed using appropriate software in each case.

Results

Twenty‐two SNPs were analysed in 30 seropositive and 61 seronegative children. Confounding factors such as mother's viral load, treatment regimen, breast feeding options, etc., were documented. Analysis revealed the association of two SNPs: IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with vertical HIV transmission. CT genotype at IL1R1 was observed at a higher frequency in positive children (76.66% versus 42.62%, p = 0.002), whereas the CC genotype was significantly increased in exposed uninfected children (47.54% versus 16.66%, p = 0.004). Similarly, the GG genotype of TNFA was significantly higher in uninfected children compared to infected ones (76.66% versus 46.66%, p = 0.005), whereas the GA genotype frequency was higher among infected children (53.33% versus 21.66%, p = 0.003). The frequency of the ‘G' allele of TNFA and ‘C' allele of IL1R1 was significant (p = 0.018) in negative children. Haplotypes of SNPs belonging to IL1, TNFA and IL4 were also found to associate with transmission.

Conclusions

The present study confirms the association of SNPs IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with the risk of vertical transmission. These SNPs can be exploited as possible predictive markers of HIV transmission.
Tabula Rasa for n‐Cz silicon‐based photovoltaics
Authors: LaSalvia Vincenzo , Youssef Amanda , Jensen Mallory A. , Looney Erin E. , Nemeth William , Page Matthew , Nam Wooseok , Buonassisi Tonio , Stradins Paul
Published: August 2018

High‐temperature annealing, known as Tabula Rasa (TR), proves to be an effective method for dissolving oxygen precipitate nuclei in n‐Cz silicon and makes this material resistant to temperature‐induced and process‐induced lifetime degradation. Tabula Rasa is especially effective in n‐Cz wafers with oxygen concentration >15 ppma. Vacancies, self‐interstitials, and their aggregates result from TR as a metastable side effect. Temperature‐dependent lifetime spectroscopy reveals that these metastable defects have shallow energy levels ~0.12 eV. Their concentrations strongly depend on the ambient gases during TR because of an offset of the thermal equilibrium between vacancies and self‐interstitials. However, these metastable defects anneal out at typical cell processing temperatures ≥850°C and have little effect on the bulk lifetime of the processed cell structures. Without dissolving built‐in oxygen precipitate nuclei, high‐temperature solar cell processing severely degrades the minority carrier lifetimes to below 0.1 millisecond, while TR‐treated n‐Cz wafers after the cell processing steps exhibit carrier lifetimes above 2.2 milliseconds.
SD meets OR: a new synergy to address policy problems
Authors: Ghaffarzadegan Navid , Larson Richard C.
Published: August 2018

We reflect on our past 7 years of collaboration to develop systems models of U.S. higher education and scientific workforce development. Based on three recent modeling examples, we offer a methodological proposition that many traditional operations research (OR) models can be improved by including feedback processes, as is commonly done in system dynamics (SD) modeling. Such models, even if simple and approximate, can be powerful, insightful, easy to communicate, and effective. While these modeling examples may not follow conventional SD or OR modeling, they benefit from and contribute to both schools of modeling. We argue that to build such synergy modeling teams should be willing to create models building on the strengths of each school of modeling.

Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
400 TW operation of Orion at ultra-high contrast
Authors: Parker Stefan , Danson Colin , Egan David , Elsmere Stephen , Girling Mark , Harvey Ewan , Hillier David , Hussey Dianne , Masoero Stephen , McLoughlin James , Penman Rory , Treadwell Paul , Winter David , Hopps Nicholas
Published: August 2018

The Orion facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment in the United Kingdom has the capability to operate one of its two 500 J, 500 fs short-pulse petawatt beams at the second harmonic, the principal reason being to increase the temporal contrast of the pulse on target. This is achieved post-compression, using 3 mm thick type-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Since the beam diameter of the compressed pulse is ${\sim}600$ mm, it is impractical to achieve this over the full aperture due to the unavailability of the large aperture crystals. Frequency doubling was originally achieved on Orion using a circular sub-aperture of 300 mm diameter. The reduction in aperture limited the output energy to 100 J. The second-harmonic capability has been upgraded by taking two square 300 mm $\times$ 300 mm sub-apertures from the beam and combining them at focus using a single paraboloidal mirror, thus creating a 200 J, 500 fs, i.e., 400 TW facility at the second harmonic.
Aeolian influx and related environmental conditions on Gran Canaria during the early Pleistocene
Authors: Menéndez Inmaculada , Mangas José , Tauler Esperança , Barrón Vidal , Torrent José , Betancort Juan F. , Santana Ángelo , Recio José Manuel , Quevedo-González Luis A. , Alonso Ignacio , Méndez-Ramos Jorge
Published: August 2018

The island of Gran Canaria is regularly affected by dust falls due to its proximity to the Saharan desert. Climatic oscillations may affect the Saharan dust input to the island. Geochemical, mineralogical, and textural analysis was performed on a well-developed and representative early Pleistocene paleosol to examine Saharan dust contribution to Gran Canaria. Significant and variable Saharan dust content was identified in addition to weathering products such as iron oxides and clay minerals. Variations in quartz and iron oxide concentrations in the paleosol likely reflect different Saharan dust input in more/less-contrasted rhexistasic/biostatic climatic conditions. Linking the quartz content in Canarian soils, the Ingenio paleosol, and two Canarian loess-like deposits to different ages from the Quaternary, we hypothesized that the dust input should be lower (about 33–38%) throughout the early to middle Pleistocene than during the late Quaternary. The Saharan dust input to the Gran Canaria profile in the Pleistocene persisted in spite of climatic variations.
The Projective Leavitt Complex
Authors: Li Huanhuan
Published: August 2018

For a finite quiverQwithout sources, we consider the corresponding radical square zero algebraA. We construct an explicit compact generator for the homotopy category of acyclic complexes of projectiveA-modules. We call such a generator the projective Leavitt complex ofQ. This terminology is justified by the following result: the opposite differential graded endomorphism algebra of the projective Leavitt complex ofQis quasi-isomorphic to the Leavitt path algebra ofQop. Here,Qopis the opposite quiver ofQ, and the Leavitt path algebra ofQopis naturally${\open Z}$-graded and viewed as a differential graded algebra with trivial differential.
Relationship-Based Resource Allocations: Evidence from the Use of “Guanxi” during SEOs
Authors: Brockman Paul , Firth Michael , He Xianjie , Mao Xinyang , Rui Oliver
Published: August 2018

We examine the role of relationship-based resource allocations during the approval process of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) in the Chinese capital market. Our results show that guanxi-based relationships significantly increase the likelihood of SEO approvals, particularly for suspect SEO applicants with abnormal levels of earnings management (EM), related-party transactions (RPTs), and intercompany loans. More importantly, we find that guanxi-influenced SEO firms have significantly poorer performance in the post-SEO period, which indicates that it results in inefficient resource allocations. Overall, our evidence suggests that relationship-based resource allocations lead to negative spillover effects that impose social welfare losses.
Sea turtles support sustainable livelihoods at Ostional, Costa Rica
Authors: Sardeshpande Mallika , MacMillan Douglas
Published: August 2018

Ostional in Costa Rica is the second largest nesting site of the olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea, which is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. In Ostional the local community helps maintain the nesting site and collects olive ridley eggs for consumption and trade within Costa Rica. Since its inception in 1987 the egg harvesting project has integrated sea turtle conservation with community development. We assessed the current status of this project in terms of community awareness, dependency, involvement and perceptions, using a household survey and semi-structured interviews with key informants. We also compared some of our findings with those of previous studies at the site, finding that the project has fewer dependents, primary livelihood activities have shifted towards tourism and hospitality, and respondents are more aware about environmental conservation and stewardship. We map outcomes of the project with the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, and suggest that further capacity building for research and tourism could contribute towards sustaining the turtle population, local livelihoods, and the community-based conservation institution.
Rescuing Christensenia aesculifolia (Marattiaceae), a plant species with an extremely small population in China
Authors: Cai Lei , Zhang Guiliang , Xiang Jianying , Dao Zhiling , Sun Weibang
Published: August 2018

The rare and threatened fern Christensenia aesculifolia of South-east Asia is listed in China as a second-ranked plant for national protection and is also categorized as one of 62 plant species with extremely small populations by the Yunnan provincial government. Field investigations during 2014–2017 failed to relocate one previously known population, and revealed that the single known extant population of C. aesculifolia contains only 10 individual plants. The most urgent conservation requirement for this species is to conserve the threatened habitat of the remnant population. Further field surveys and research are also required for an improved understanding of the species’ status.
Long-term safety and tolerability of aripiprazole lauroxil in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Nasrallah Henry A. , Aquila Ralph , Du Yangchun , Stanford Arielle D. , Claxton Amy , Weiden Peter J.
Published: August 2018

Objective

Safety and tolerability of long-term treatment with the long-acting antipsychotic aripiprazole lauroxil (AL) were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

This was an international, multicenter, phase 3, 52-week safety study of 2 fixed doses of AL (441 mg or 882 mg intramuscular every 4 weeks). Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) including akathisia, injection-site reactions (ISRs), and clinically relevant changes in metabolic and endocrine values.

Results

Of 478 patients entering this study, 236 (49%) continued from a previous 12-week, phase 3 efficacy study of AL, and 242 (51%) were newly enrolled. Overall, 77% and 23% of patients received AL 882 mg (N = 368) and 441 mg (N = 110), respectively. AEs occurred in 50.4% of patients; most were mild (28.7%) or moderate (18.2%). The most common AEs were insomnia (8.4%) and increased weight (5.0%). Akathisia was reported as an AE in 3.8% of the overall population, with higher rates in patients initiating AL on study entry than those continuing on AL. EPS-related AEs occurred in 9.4% of patients, and AEs related to metabolic parameters were reported in 4.6% of patients. Weight gain was minimal (0.8 kg), and no clinically relevant changes were observed for metabolic parameters. The overall incidence of ISRs was 3.8%; most were associated with the initial injections in patients receiving their first injection in this study.

Conclusion

Long-term treatment with AL is generally well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with that of oral aripiprazole. It is a suitable option for patients with schizophrenia.
LOCALLY COMPACT WREATH PRODUCTS
Authors: CORNULIER YVES
Published: August 2018

Wreath products of nondiscrete locally compact groups are usually not locally compact groups, nor even topological groups. As a substitute introduce a natural extension of the wreath product construction to the setting of locally compact groups. Applying this construction, we disprove a conjecture of Trofimov, constructing compactly generated locally compact groups of intermediate growth without any open compact normal subgroup.
Performing the South African Archive inREwind: A Cantata for Voice, Tape, and Testimony
Authors: PHILLIPS-HUTTON ARIANA
Published: August 2018

‘You can hear everything? You can hear my voice?’ The scratchy recording that opensREwind: A Cantata for Voice, Tape, and Testimonyprefigures the questions of memory and performance that underlie Philip Miller's multimedia exploration of testimony from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). In this article, I adapt Diana Taylor's concepts of the archive and the repertoire to questions of musical communication. I posit that Miller's collage of testimonial ‘shards’, images, and historic audio recordings disrupts the TRC's official narrative by replacing the archive's narrative of completion with one comprising deliberately disjointed moments of individual suffering. The result is an audiovisual creation that sutures together disparate elements to reflect the complexity of the South African truth-telling process. I suggest that in performance, Miller's work re-animates the TRC archive, bringing it into the contemporary repertoire where it re-inscribes the experiences of TRC testifiers for contemporary audiences.
Is There a Need for LGBT-Specific Suicide Crisis Services?
Authors: Goldbach Jeremy T. , Rhoades Harmony , Green Daniel , Fulginiti Anthony , Marshal Michael P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth are more than twice as likely to attempt suicide than their peers. Although LGBT-specific crisis services have been developed, little is known about the need for these services beyond that of general lifeline services. Aims: The present study sought to (a) describe the primary reasons for calling a specialized provider as opposed to another and (b) examine sociodemographic differences in the primary reason by race, ethnicity, gender, age, and sexual orientation. Method: Data from 657 youth who sought crisis services from an LGBT-specific national service provider in the United States were assessed. Logistic regression models assessed demographic differences. Thematic analysis of open-ended responses regarding reasons for choosing this LGBT-specific crisis service provider followed a consensus model. Results: Most respondents indicated they either would not have contacted another helpline (26%) or were not sure (48%). Nearly half (42%) indicated they called specifically because of LGBT-affirming counselors, a reason more commonly reported by gender minority (transgender and gender nonbinary) and queer or pansexual youth than cisgender, gay, or lesbian youth. Conclusion: LGBT-specific crisis services appear to play an important role in suicide prevention. Further research is needed to understand the use of culturally tailored suicide prevention approaches.
Ionospheric Specification and Space Weather Forecasting With an HF Beacon Network in the Peruvian Sector
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Baumgarten Y. , Milla M. A. , Valdez A. , Kuyeng K.
Published: August 2018

A network of high‐frequency (HF) transmitters and receivers used for ionospheric specification is being installed in Peru. The HF transmitters employ multiple frequencies and binary phase coding with pseudorandom noise, and the observables provided by the receivers include group delay, Doppler shift, amplitude, bearing (from interferometry), and polarization. Statistical inverse methods are used to estimate F region density in a volume from the data regionally. The method incorporates raytracing based on the principles of Hamiltonian optics in the forward model and involves an ionospheric parametrization in terms of Chapman functions in the vertical and bicubic B‐spline interpolation in the horizontal. Regularization is employed to minimize the global curvature of the reconstructions. HF beacon data for two nights in January 2018 are presented. We use the reconstructions to investigate why plasma irregularities associated with equatorial spread F formed on one occasion and not the other. The data indicate that the background ionospheric flow is not simply frozen in, that is, that longitude and local time variations cannot be equated, even at regional scales. This has ramifications for equatorial spread F forecasting strategies that assume equivalence.
Optical Properties and Spatial Variation of Tropical Cyclone Cloud Systems From TRMM and MODIS in the East Asia Region: 2010–2014
Authors: Zhou Yiwen , Han Yong , Wu Yonghua , Wang Tijian , Tang Xiaodong , Wang Yuan
Published: August 2018

The tropical cyclone (TC) in East Asia varies strongly each year, indicating the different spectral characteristics of the TC cloud systems (TCCSs) with the distance from the center of TC. We report a new perspective of optical properties of TCCS by using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data over the years from 2010 to 2014 for the 35 TCs in East Asia. We investigate the spatial distribution of the cloud‐top height, radar reflectivity, polarization corrected temperature in 85.5 GHz (PCT85.5), hydrometeor vertical profile, cloud water path, cloud optical thickness, and cloud particle effective radius of TCCS in the development, maturity, and decay stages of TC. The results indicate the significant differences of cloud characteristics in the maturity stage in comparison to other two stages, showing the higher radar reflectivity up to 30 dBZ and the PCT85.5 as low as 232.98 K in the TC eye wall. Meanwhile, the mean hydrometeor profile indicates more ice particles accumulating above the height of 10 km but less liquid droplets near 3 km. The peak of cloud water path and cloud optical thickness in the maturity stage can reach to 1,300 g/m2 and 75, respectively. The mean cloud particle effective radius and precipitation in the three stages could be influenced by aerosols. Based on these quantified results, several ideal fitting equations and the models are constructed to denote the properties of TCCS. Two cases are analyzed to examine the accuracy of the quantified mean state for different stages of TCCS and the relationship between aerosols and clouds.
Forest Disturbance Feedbacks From Bedrock to Atmosphere Using Coupled Hydrometeorological Simulations Over the Rocky Mountain Headwaters
Authors: Forrester Mary M. , Maxwell Reed M. , Bearup Lindsay A. , Gochis David J.
Published: August 2018

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) has dramatically influenced high‐elevation pine forests of western North America, with recent infestations causing millions of acres of forest mortality and basal area loss. While ecohydrologic implications of infestation have been studied extensively in recent years, few have explored atmospheric feedbacks of widespread canopy transpiration loss or the potential role of groundwater to amplify or mitigate changes to land energy. This work presents bedrock‐to‐atmosphere simulations of coupled meteorological and hydrologic states over the Colorado headwaters. Analyses compare configurations with (1) default land surface parameters and (2) disturbance simulations with adjusted transpiration parameters in infested cells. An analysis of variance was conducted to identify regions of significant response to mountain pine beetle. Changes to increased soil moisture and Bowen ratios were found to be statistically significant in MPB‐infested areas and in nonlocal valleys, while planetary boundary layer (PBL) response was significant only in high elevations of the headwaters watershed. Temperature‐humidity covariance was evaluated using mixing diagrams; the results suggest that increased surface Bowen ratios from MPB could affect entrainment of dry air from the troposphere. The PBL is hotter, drier, and higher under infested forest conditions, which could have implications to atmosphere‐vegetation feedbacks and forest drought stress. Finally, land‐atmosphere coupling was sensitive to antecedent subsurface moisture. Regions with shallow water tables exhibit greater magnitude response to MPB at the surface and in the PBL, a finding that has repercussions for ecosystem resilience and hydrologic representation in meteorological modeling.
Modulation of Sea Ice Melt Onset and Retreat in the Laptev Sea by the Timing of Snow Retreat in the West Siberian Plain
Authors: Crawford Alex D. , Horvath Sean , Stroeve Julienne , Balaji Rajagopalan , Serreze Mark C.
Published: August 2018

Recent years have seen growing interest in improving seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice conditions, including the timing of ice melt onset and retreat, especially on the regional scale. This paper investigates potential links between regional sea ice melt onset and retreat in the southern Laptev Sea and retreat of terrestrial snow cover. Past studies have shown that variability of snow extent over Eurasia can substantially impact regional atmospheric circulation patterns over the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans. It is shown here that for the Laptev Sea, earlier melt onset and retreat of sea ice are encouraged by earlier retreat of snow cover over the West Siberian Plain. Earlier snow retreat in spring encourages greater ridging (e.g., at 500 hPa) over the East Siberian Sea through the summer. This results in more frequently southerly flow of warm, moist air over the Laptev Sea. This relationship could provide modest improvements to predictive skill for sea ice melt onset and retreat in the southern Laptev Sea at lead times of approximately 50 and 90 days, respectively. The detrended time series of snow retreat in the West Siberian Plain explains 26 and 29% of the detrended variance of the timing of sea ice melt onset and retreat in southern Laptev Sea, respectively.
A Modeling Study of Narrow Electric Field Signatures Produced by Lightning Strikes to Tall Towers
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Rakov Vladimir A. , Tran Manh D. , Lyu Weitao , Micu Dan D.
Published: August 2018

The lumped voltage source model proposed by Baba and Rakov (2005b, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005202) for studying the interaction of lightning with tall objects was used to examine the origin of earlier zero crossings observed in electric field signatures produced by lightning strikes to towers. Different return stroke models of transmission line type were used, and model parameters were varied in wide ranges. Lightning channel was assumed to be straight and vertical. It was found that the observed narrow field signatures cannot be reproduced by traditional models and require a narrower input current waveform or/and its faster decay with height. Contribution to the total electric field peak from a tower whose height exceeds 100 m or so is greater than that from the lightning channel. At distances of 2 to 50 km, the electric field signature due to the tower current was found to be bipolar, while that due to the lightning channel current was unipolar. The narrow bipolar electric field waveforms produced by lightning striking the 257‐m tower in Florida were reproduced using two approaches. In the first one, we employed as input a typical channel base current waveform and the transmission line with exponential current decay with height model with a very small decay height constant. In the second approach, we used a narrow pulse followed by a steady‐level tail as the input current waveform and the transmission line with linear current decay with height model. In both approaches, the computed electric field waveforms matched well the corresponding measured waveforms, at least for the initial half‐cycle and opposite polarity overshoot.
Molecular and cellular characterization of apoptosis in flat oyster a key mechanisms at the heart of host-parasite interactions
Authors: Gervais Ophélie , Renault Tristan , Arzul Isabelle
Published: August 2018

Bonamia ostreae has been associated with the decline of flat oyster Ostrea edulis populations in some European countries. This obligatory intracellular parasite persists and multiplies into hemocytes. Previous in vitro experiments showed that apoptosis is activated in hemocytes between 1 h and 4 h of contact with the parasite. The flat oyster uses the apoptosis pathway to defend against B. ostreae. However, the parasite might be also able to modulate this response in order to survive in its host. In order to investigate this hypothesis the apoptotic response of the host was evaluated using flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and by measuring the response of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway after 4 h. In parallel, the parasite response was investigated by measuring the expression of B. ostreae genes involved in different biological functions including cell cycle and cell death. Obtained results allow describing molecular apoptotic pathways in O. edulis and confirm that apoptosis is early activated in hemocytes after a contact with B. ostreae. Interestingly, at cellular and molecular levels this process appeared downregulated after 44 h of contact. Concurrently, parasite gene expression appeared reduced suggesting that the parasite could inhibit its own metabolism to escape the immune response.
Honeycomb-structured metasurfaces for the adaptive nesting of endothelial cells under hemodynamic loads
Authors: Bachmann Bjoern Johann , Giampietro Costanza , Bayram Adem , Stefopoulos Georgios , Michos Christos , Graeber Gustav , Falk Med Volkmar , Poulikakos Dimos , Ferrari Aldo
Published: August 2018

The thrombogenicity of artificial materials comprising ventricular assist devices (VADs) limits their long-term integration in the human body.
Thiol–ene photopolymerization of vinyl-functionalized metal–organic frameworks towards mixed-matrix membranes
Authors: Satheeshkumar Chinnadurai , Yu Hyun Jung , Park Hyojin , Kim Min , Lee Jong Suk , Seo Myungeun
Published: August 2018

A thiol–ene ‘click’ photopolymerization methodology for the covalent connection between vinyl-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and the polymer matrix.
Multi-stage hydrogel rockets with stage dropping-off by thermal/light stimulation
Authors: Liang Yuling , Xu Yibin , Ye Wei , Yao Dahua , Chen Yunhua , Wang Chaoyang
Published: August 2018

A multi-stage hydrogel rocket with precise control of the step-by-step detachment of the hydrogel stage and tunable cargo release ability was fabricated.