bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acids in Osteoarthritic Knee, Detected by Ultrasonography
Authors: Khuangsirikul Saradej , Yuwapan Apiwat , Heebthamai Danai , Chotanaphuti Thanainit
Published: June 2020

Background: Synovial hypertrophy is one of the pathological characteristics of knee osteoarthritis (OA), which is associated with the inflammation process and disease severity. Ultrasonography (US) is a practical tool to monitor disease progression and the response to treatment. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) is one of the commonly-used alternative treatments for knee OA. In this study, we used US to assess the effects of cross-linked hyaluronic acid, in terms of minimizing inflammation, by comparing synovial thickness before and after IAHA.Methods: Seventy-nine OA patients (107 knees, KL II-III and KL IV with surgery refusal) were treated with cross-linked IAHA and underwent US before IAHA at 4-week and 3-month follow-up visits after injection. Comparisons of synovial thickness before and after injection were analyzed. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated by the recording of the visual analog scale for pain (pain VAS).Results: The overall synovial thickness was significantly decreased after IAHA at 4 weeks (p=0.01). The thickness was significantly reduced in KL II (p=0.01), but not significant in KL III and IV (p=0.096 and 0.083, respectively). In KL IV, the thickness was significantly increased at 3 months after IAHA (p=0.02).The pain VAS improved gradually at 4 weeks and 3 months after IAHA, significantly (p < 0.001) in all KL stages.Conclusion: Cross-linked hyaluronic acid injection provided pain relief in all KL stages at 4 weeks and lasted at least 3 months. However, its anti-inflammation action was temporary and predominated only in patients with early-stage OA knee. Concerning inflammation as a major risk factor for OA progression, adjunct intervention after IAHA should be added to enhance the therapeutic effect and prevent further joint destruction. IRBRTA: R074h/62
Type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits are not causal factors of osteoarthritis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Cui Zhiyong , Feng Hui , He Baichuan , Xing Yong , Liu Zhaorui , Tian Yun
Published: June 2020

Background: It remains unclear whether an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Here, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain non-confounded estimates of the effect of T2D and glycemic traits on hip and knee OA. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with T2D, fasting glucose (FG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hGlu) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) . We used MR inverse variance weighted (IVW), the MR-Egger method, the weighted median (WM) and Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.RAPS) to reveal the associations of T2D, FG and 2hGlu with hip and knee OA risk. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to verify whether heterogeneity and pleiotropy can bias the MR results.Results: We did not find statistically significant causal effects of genetically increased T2D risk, FG and 2hGlu on hip and knee OA (e.g., T2D and hip OA, MR-Egger OR=0.9536, 95% CI 0.5585 to 1.6283, p=0.8629). It was confirmed that horizontal pleiotropy was unlikely to bias the causality (e.g., T2D and hip OA, MR-Egger, intercept=-0.0032, p=0.8518). No evidence of heterogeneity was found between the genetic variants (e.g., T2D and hip OA, MR-Egger Q=40.5481, I2=0.1368, p=0.2389). Conclusions: Our MR study did not support causal effects of a genetically increased T2D risk, FG and 2hGlu on hip and knee OA risk.
Proliferative Synovitis, an Ultrasound Pattern Associated with ACPA positive Patients, Erosive Disease and Enhanced Need to Change Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ramírez Julio , Azuaga-Piñango Ana Belen , Frade-Sosa Beatriz , Gumucio-Sanguino Roberto , Cajiao-Sanchez Katherine , Cuervo Andrea , Celis Raquel , Narvaez Jose Antonio , Ruiz-Esq Virginia , Castellanos-Moreira Raul , Ponce Andres , Gómez-Puerta Jose , Pablos Jose Luis , Sanmarti Raimon , Cañete Juan D
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To analyze ultrasound (US) differences between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients according to their autoantibody status and characterize the clinical, immunological and radiological features associated with the US pattern of seropositive patients.Methods: We collected clinical and immunological data along with bilateral hand US images of RA patients. Serum biomarkers, MRI of dominant hand and immunostaining of synovial biopsies were performed.Results: Two hundred and five RA patients were collected (84.8% seropositive). No significant differences in disease activity/therapy were found according to autoantibodies status. An extreme proliferative US pattern, encompassing synovial hypertrophy grade II-III with Power Doppler signal that we called US Proliferative Synovitis (US PS) was present in 55.5% of seropositive and 16.1% of seronegative patients, (p=0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, erosions [OR 4.90 CI 95% (2.17-11.07). p=0.0001] and ACPA [OR 3.5 CI 95% (1.39-10.7), p=0.09] but not RF status [OR 0.74 CI 95% (0.31-1.71), p=0.483] were independently associated with the presence of US PS. Ninety-four per cent of joints with US PS scored 2-3 in RAMRIS synovitis sub-index. At synovial level, US PS was significantly associated with higher density of vessels (p=0.042). Moreover, significantly higher serum levels of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines were found in patients with US PS. After a mean of 46 months of follow-up, US PS was independently associated with change of therapy (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.20-5.77, p=0.016).Conclusions: ACPA+ RA was associated with US PS. This US pattern significantly detected erosive disease and an enhanced need to change therapy in the long-term.
The microbiologic spectrum of dacryocystitis
Authors: Luo Ban , Li Mu , Xiang Nan , Hu Weikun , Liu Rong , Yan Xiaoqin
Published: June 2020

Background
To investigate the microbiologic spectrum of dacryocystitis in adult and pediatric groups, specifically the microbiologic differences between chronic dacryocystitis with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) and acute dacryocystitis in pediatric group.
Methods
This retrospective study was reviewed for demographic and microbiologic profile of dacryocystitis. The culture results were reported.
Results
Sixty-four adults and one hundred and five pediatrics with dacryocystitis were included in this study. Of all adults, only chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO was observed. Of all pediatrics, 89 had chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO and 16 had acute dacryocystitis. Gram positive and negative isolates were numerically equal in adult group (both 36(48.65%)), while gram positive isolates were the major organism in pediatric group (71(58.68%)). Streptococcus pneumonia was the most common isolate in both adult (11(14.86%)) and pediatric (30(24.79%)) dacryocystitis. For both pediatric subgroups, gram positive isolates were the major organism (59(57.84%) for chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO and 12 (63.16%) for acute dacryocystitis). However, the leading isolates in those two subgroups were distinct, with Streptococcus pneumonia (29(28.43%)) being most common in chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO and Staphylococcus aureus (8(42.11%)) being most common in acute dacryocystitis.
Conclusions
In adult group, gram negative isolates became more common in dacryocystitis than before. In pediatric group, gram positive isolates were still the major infection pathogen. Moreover, the more virulent organisms were more common in acute dacryocystitis than chronic dacryocystitis with NLDO.
Prognostic and Molecular Classification Value of Ki-67 Index in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Chang-song , An Junling , Yun Tian , Wang Xiaoyue , Ren Lei , Meng Nian-long , Cao Yan-sha , Lv Xue-xia , Li Fu-lin
Published: June 2020

Background: The Ki-67, which is a proliferative index, became more important in making treatment decisions of breast cancers. But a few factors limited its use in clinical practices, especially the assessment of positive cells percentage of Ki-67 and the cut-off value of Ki-67. In this study, we examined the expression of Ki-67 by immunohistochemical method, and evaluated the value of Ki-67 index in patients with breast cancers systematically.Methods: The expression of Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemical method, the relationship between over-survive (OS), disease free survive (DFS) of patients with BCs and Ki-67 index，and the value of Ki-67 in molecular classification of BC were analyzed with SPSS ver. 18.0 and GraphPad Prism software.Results: There were markedly difference between OS in patients with BC when the Ki-67 index arranged from 46% to 68% (χ2 = 6.87, P = 0.0088; χ2 = 7.69, P = 0.0056 respectively), and the same results were also found when the positive density was added to the Ki-67 index, but the positive density has limited value in assessment the value of Ki-67. There were markedly difference between DFS in BCs when the Ki-67 index arranged from 50% to 58% (χ2 = 7.31, P = 0.0068; χ2 = 7.88, P = 0.005). When using 14% as a cut-off point to classify the molecular type of BC, the Luminal A-type patients had statistical differences with patients with HER-2 over-expression, with triple negative type BC in term of OS respectively (χ2 = 4.8, P = 0.028; χ2 = 3.89, P = 0.049). There’s statistical difference between OS of patients with HER-2 over-expression BC when the Ki-67 index fell in the range of 49%- 60% (χ2 =4.97, P = 0.0259; χ2 =5.61, P = 0.0178, respectively). There were statistical differences between the Luminal A-type BC and HER-2 over-expression BC in term of OS (χ2 = 4.65, P = 0.031) according to suggestions of the CSCO consensus in 2019, there were statistical differences between two groups of Luminal B HER-2 (-) type BCs when the Ki-67 index was 52% (χ2=6.61, P = 0.0101).Conclusions: Ki-67 index can be used to assess the OS and DFS of patients with BC, and the positive density of Ki-67 has little value in assessment of prognosis in patients with BC. Different molecular classification methods may influence the assessment of prognosis and the results of molecular type in patients with BC.
Factors impacting social distancing measures for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]: A systematic review
Authors: Regmi Krishna , Lwin Cho Mar
Published: June 2020

Background: Social distancing measures (SDMs) protect the health of the public from coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, the impact of SDMs has been inconsistent and unclear. This study aims to review the factors impacting SDMs (e.g. isolation, quarantine) for reducing the transmission of COVID-19.Methods: A systematic review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Allied & Complementary Medicine, COVID-19 Research and WHO database on COVID-19 for primary studies assessing the enablers and barriers associated with SDMs, and reported in accordance with PRISMA statement. We used JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for the cross-sectional survey and Qualitative Research to assess the methodological qualities and synthesised performing thematic analysis. Two reviewers independently screened the papers and extracted data.Results: A total of 1235 citations were identified, of which 16 were found to be relevant. The studies reported in two broad categories, under seven separate themes: positive impact of SDMs, effective public health interventions, positive change in people’s behaviour, worries and concerns about COVID-19, roles of mass media, physical and psychological impacts, and ethnicity/age associated with COVID-19.Conclusion: The identified evidence signals that SDMs are generally effective for preventing or reducing transmission. There is a scope and need to find the best methods and approaches at the primary healthcare level in terms of developing objective measures and interventions to establish the link between different factors and SDMs and reducing transmission of COVID-19 trend effectively, efficiently and equitably.
The clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cerebral stroke：a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Xiaolong , Liu Shengwen , Wang Junwen , Zhao Kai , Long Xiaobing , He Xuejun , Kang Huicong , Yang Yiping , Ma Xiaopeng , Yue Pengjie , Shu Kai , Tang Zhouping , Lei Ting , Liu Jihong , Wang Wei , Zhang Huaqiu
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cerebral stroke.Methods: In this retrospective study, 2474 patients with COVID-19 were admitted and treated in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan from February 10, 2020, to March 24, 2020. Data on the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with or without cerebral stroke were collected and comparatively analyzed.Results: Of 2474 COVID-19 patients (61.0±15.7 years; 1235 males [49.9%]), 113 (4.7%) patients had cerebral stroke, and 25 (1.0%) patients had a new onset of stroke. Eighty-eight (77.9%) patients in the previous stroke group had cerebral ischemia, while 25 (22.1%) patients in the new-onset stroke group had cerebral ischemia. Most COVID-19 patients with stroke were elderly with more complicated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes and heart diseases. Laboratory examinations showed a hypercoagulation status and elevated serum parameters such as IL-6, cTnI, NT pro-BNP and BUN. Of note, stroke patients revealed a nearly double mortality (12.4% vs 6.9%) to that of patients without stroke. Additionally, age (≥60 years), fingertip oxygen saturation (<93%) and consciousness disorder were independent predictors for new cerebral stroke in COVID-19 patients. Interpretation: The high risk of new-onset stroke in COVID-19 patients was older age combined with fingertip oxygen saturation (<93%) and consciousness disorder. These patients are more vulnerable to multiple organ dysfunction and an overactivated inflammatory response, in turn leading to a deteriorated outcome and mortality.
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Yueyang, Hunan, China
Authors: Ge Chenglong , Jiang Yuan , Peng Qianyi , Wu Lei , Duan Kai , Yang Jing
Published: June 2020

The clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hunan Province are less understood. We analyzed retrospectively the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with severity of 113 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yueyang, Hunan Province, China, from January 20, 2020, to March 8, 2020, and followed until April 13, 2020. Of the 113 confirmed cases, 92 (81.4%) were from or infected by patients from Hubei province. More than half (63) of patients with COVID-19 had no fever in the early stages of disease. 23% patients had no symptoms at the onset. As of March 8, 2020, 113 (100%) of 113 patients had met the discharge criteria, 0 (0%) patients died. Compared with the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age or patients with comorbidities, secondary bacterial infections, and higher levels of C-reactive protein. Longer duration of virus clearance was associated with a higher risk of progression to critical status. Older patients or patients with comorbidities such as diabetes were more likely to have severe condition. Prompt and effective treatment and sufficient medical resources may still significantly reduce hospital-related transmissions and mortality.
Emergence of multi-drug resistance Candida auris in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlJindan Reem , AlEraky Doaa Mostafa , Mahmoud Nehal , AbdulAzeez Sayed , Borgio J.Francis
Published: June 2020

Background: Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant pathogen with high mortality rate, several cases and nosocomial infections have been reported worldwide causing a major challenge for clinicians and microbiological laboratories. Objectives: The study aim to, describe new cases of C. auris from different sites of infection confirmed by MALDI TOF MS and ribosomal sequencing, develop the phylogenetic analysis of these isolates, detect resistant strains of C. auris to both azole and echinocandin by amplification of ERG11 and FKS1 genes. Methods: A total of six specimens were collected from blood, urine, ear swab and groin screening sample during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. Isolates were incubated for 48 hours on Sabroud agar at 42℃, then confirmed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Sequences of 18S rRNA gene from isolates and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Finally, molecular analysis of resistance genes was performed to detect the efficacy of treatment. Results: Clinical isolates were identified by the growth on Sabroud agar at 42℃ and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7 and sequences of 18S rRNA gene were submitted to GenBank. All samples were positive for both ERG11 and FKS1 which confer azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. Conclusions: This study shed light on a public health threat of an emerging pathogen. Therefore, the hospital implemented strict contact screening and infection control precautions to prevent C. auris infection. Finally, there is a critical need to monitor the antifungal resistance in different geographical areas and implementation of efficient guidelines for treatment.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento para avaliação de iniciativas ambientais em universidades
Authors: Santos Carine Castro dos , Lunardi Guilherme Lerch
Published: June 2020

O desenvolvimento econômico e, consequentemente, o aumento da degradação dos recursos naturais tem sido palco de ampla discussão nos últimos anos. A preocupação quanto aos danos provocados ao meio ambiente tem estimulado estudos relacionados à gestão ambiental, fazendo com que organizações públicas e privadas busquem alternativas para mitigar os seus impactos negativos. As instituições de ensino superior (IES), mais especificamente, por seu papel educacional e prático no caminho da sustentabilidade, estão entre essas organizações. Assim, buscou-se neste artigo desenvolver e validar um instrumento para apoiar as universidades na avaliação das suas iniciativas ambientais, sob a percepção da comunidade universitária. O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição pública de ensino superior, localizada no extremo sul do Brasil, e os seus resultados analisados com base em 333 respondentes, sendo eles alunos, docentes e técnicos administrativos. Ao final do estudo, propôs-se um modelo contendo quatro fatores que representam diferentes iniciativas ambientais a serem desenvolvidas pelas universidades, sendo eles a educação ambiental, a orientação ambiental, a política ambiental e as ações ambientais. O modelo permite analisar a percepção da comunidade universitária quanto às iniciativas ambientais realizadas pela IES, além de identificar os fatores que influenciam significativamente a implementação das ações ambientais na universidade.
Produção e caracterização física e química do bioetanol a partir de resíduos de biomassa da banana Musa acuminata, laranja Citrus sinensis e maracujá Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa
Authors: Santos Lisa Sousa Cerqueira , Mota Paula de Sousa Cunha , Rebouças Sandini da Silva , Nascimento Madson Moreira , Santos Aldenor Gomes
Published: June 2020

A transformação de biomassas agroindustriais em bioetanol, além de ser uma rota alternativa para produção de combustíveis, traz uma valorização dos rejeitos e resíduos provenientes do processo. Este artigo relata a produção e caracterização física e química do bioetanol a partir do resíduo de biomassa mista, composta por cascas da banana Musa acuminata, da laranja Citrus sinensis e do maracujá Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa. As amostras de mostos fermentados, B1 e B2, foram destilados após 24 h e 96 h, obtendo, respectivamente, 18,5% e 11% de rendimento alcoólico. O bioetanol produzido foi caracterizado através de paramentos físicos e químicos, como pH, condutividade elétrica, teor alcoólico, índice de acidez e sólidos totais de acordo com a Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP). Uma análise empregando a técnica de headspace acoplada a um cromatógrafo a gás com detector de massas (HS/GC-MS) foi realizada para identificação do etanol nas amostras. Os resultados encontrados nas análises de B1 e B2 foram, respectivamente, pH 3,75 e 3,64, índice de acidez 56,21 e 56,21 mg/L, condutividade 81,4 e 219 µS/cm, teor alcoólico 15,60 e 13,04 v/v e sólidos totais 0,0543 e 0,1465 mg/L. Os estudos das propriedades e características demonstraram a viabilidade de produzir etanol a partir de biomassa das frutas, sendo uma forma de agregar valor a estes resíduos.
THE PROBLEM OF SECURING THE RELIABILITY OF THE RUSSIAN GAS EXPORT TO FAR AWAY
Authors: Zhdanovskich R. M.
Published: June 2020

The article considers the problem of increasing the reliability of Russian gas exports to non-CIS countries from the point of view of guaranteed purchases in the required annual volumes by these countries in total. This export reliability is also largely affected by the position of the countries that transit this gas, which are trying to extract the maximum financial and consumer benefits for themselves through their gas transmission system using their monopoly transit position. To change this established order of things, and, consequently, reduce dependence on a limited number of consumers of Russian gas - mainly EU countries, and on the countries that are transit countries of this type of fuel – Ukraine and Belarus, Russian gas companies are accelerating the diversification of routes and delivery methods Blue fuel to consumers in foreign countries. New gas pipelines to Europe are being intensively built, bypassing the mentioned countries-traders, which can significantly increase the reliability of Russian gas exports to European countries at an affordable transit price. To reduce the dependence of the export opportunities of Russian gas companies on the purchasers of their blue fuel – first of all, the EU countries, Gazprom is deploying pipeline gas supplies to China and is considering other gas projects for implementation in Southeast Asia. At the same time, natural gas liquefaction production is being built in Russia with the aim of large-scale export to both the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and European countries. Consequently, a set of large-scale events held by Russian gas companies will increase the reliability and timeliness of deliveries of Russian blue fuel to non-CIS countries.
FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS AND INNOVATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Minat V. N. , Chepik A. G.
Published: June 2020

A trend has been identified that reflects a close correlation between the main indicators of US foreign trade and innovation activities carried out in the modern American economy. The article shows the essence of the national innovation system established in the United States and its international significance in the implementation of foreign trade relations of the country in terms of the exchange of scientific and technical information and documentation, the sale of products with a high innovative component, determined by a comparative analysis of relevant indicators. Based on the results of the study noted the positive dynamics of the active foreign trade balance of the USA in the field of exchange of scientific and technical information and documentation, with a high positive balance, the conclusions about the qualitative dominance of the leading industries of the U.S. economy in terms of aggregate innovation and foreign trade activity in ten leading countries of the world.
Institución, autonomía y autogestión ante el desastre (O de cómo los terremotos hacen temblar lo instituido)
Authors: Anzaldo Montoya Mónica , Estrada Milán Jesús Salvador , Maisterrena Zubirán José Javier , Galindo Solís Andrés Ismael , Ramos Rivera Teresa de Jesús
Published: June 2020

Resumen: Las catástrofes históricas, como lo fueron los terremotos de septiembre de 2017 acontecidos en la Ciudad de México y los estados del sur y centro de la república, representan una oportunidad crítica para mirar nuestras instituciones sociales. A partir del aparato teórico de Cornelius Castoriadis, este artículo reflexiona la catástrofe por los terremotos como analizador de las instituciones sociales tales como la familia, la religión, la ciencia y sus correspondientes significaciones imaginarias sociales. Metodológicamente, el análisis se fundamenta en los discursos que circularon durante y después de los sismos en diferentes medios de comunicación y redes sociales, así como las acciones de la sociedad civil. Finalmente, se plantea que los pasados sismos en tanto situaciones límite, tienen la posibilidad de hacer emerger un por ser de la política que crea y posibilita la autonomía.AbstractHistorical catastrophes, such as the September 2017 earthquakes that occurred in México City and the southern and central states of Mexico, mean a critical opportunity to look at our social institutions. Base on Cornelius Castoriadis' political and social theory, this paper offers a reflection in which we take these earthquakes as an analyzer of the institutions (family, religion and science) and their corresponding social imaginary significations. To this end, the speeches that circulated during and after the earthquakes in different media and social networks, as well as the actions of civil society, were examined. Finally, we argue that the past earthquakes, as extreme situations, have the possibility to trigger autonomy processes in our societies.
Cálculo del índice de pobreza del agua en la Zona Media de San Luis Potosí
Authors: Santa María Torres Denisse Janette , López Álvarez Briseida
Published: June 2020

El índice de pobreza del agua evalúa los factores físicos y socioeconómicos relacionados con la disponibilidad de este recurso; establece nexos entre pobreza, marginación social, inte-gridad ambiental y salud a través de cinco componentes: recurso hídrico, acceso, capacidad, medio ambiente y uso, evaluados en una escala de 0 a 1. Esta investigación se enfocó en la Zona Media del estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Esta zona es la segunda región de mayor extensión del estado y está subdividida en las microrregiones Media Este y Media Oeste. Estas microrregiones presentan significativas diferencias tanto en recursos hídricos como en condiciones socioeconómicas. En la microrregión Media Oeste se encuentra la conurbación de los municipios de Rioverde y Ciudad Fernández, principal centro poblacional y motor económico de la zona por la actividad agrícola. En la Zona Media, la dependencia del agua subterránea es de 52 por ciento y de 48 por ciento del agua superficial. Esta aporta 2.9 por ciento del producto interno bruto estatal. El índice de pobreza del agua obtenido para la Zona Media es de 55.3 puntos.
Quando os discursos transformam e transtornam: uma abordagem psicossocial das práticas alimentares sobre corpos femininos
Authors: Ferreira Natália , Barbosa de Sá Rafaela , Toledo Paulo Cesar
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar como os discursos sociais afetam o corpo e influenciam nas práticas alimentares do público feminino. Através de revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos e tendo como base a autora Naomi Wolf foi discutido como o corpo, principalmente das mulheres, é alvo de práticas de controle que acarretam na disfuncionalidade da ingestão de alimentos e na insatisfação corporal, dando início aos transtornos alimentares.

 

Palavras-Chave: Corpo. Transtornos alimentares. Padrão de beleza.
Da farda ao fardo:
Authors: Barbosa de Assis Beatriz , Costa da Roza Ana Carolina , Vasconcelos da Silva Bernardino Adriana
Published: June 2020

Os policiais militares são profissionais responsáveis pelo cumprimento da política de segurança pública, pela garantia da ordem e da proteção da sociedade. Atualmente, estão imersos em uma forte cultura estabelecida por anos, que desconstrói sua individualidade e traz a sensação de pertencimento a um grupo com estilo de vida e padrões de comportamentos distintos da sociedade em geral. Esses profissionais respondem como funcionários públicos do Estado, sem horários predeterminados, em atividades violentas, arriscadas e com risco iminente à vida. Tais fatores podem contribuir para o adoecimento psíquico, resultando em transtornos como ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Em casos mais graves, observa-se o afastamento da função e casos de suicídio. O presente trabalho foi fundamentado por meio de revisão bibliográfica, e tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre as repercussões psíquicas relacionadas à atividade policial, refletindo sobre os fatores culturais que as despertam. Conclui-se que é necessário pensar novas estratégias para contribuir de maneira ampla com condições melhores e mais dignas de trabalho, bem como estimular mudanças no pensamento social de que o policial militar deve manter o lugar de ser humano indiferente aos seus sentimentos e fraquezas.
A Morte de Benjamin Benatar e Miguel Levy em Vassouras-RJ no século XIX
Authors: Monteiro Angelo Ferreira
Published: June 2020

Este artigo busca sanar algumas lacunas para entender o momento histórico do falecimento de Benjamin Benatar em 1859 e de Miguel Levy em 1878 em Vassouras-RJ no século XIX. Benjamin Benatar era um negociante próspero da Vila de Vassouras, elevada à cidade em 1857. Benatar se casou na Igreja Católica, onde batizou seus filhos e foi padrinho de um sobrinho. No entanto, no leito de morte expressou sua última vontade, morrer na sua fé judaica, causando uma situação inusitada na cidade de Vassouras do Oitocentos, pois o único cemitério disponível era cristão. A família solicitou uma sepultura eclesiástica, o tribunal eclesiástico montou um processo e após oito dias, ouvindo testemunhas, análises e aplicando a sentença de negação de sepultura de acordo com as Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia. A viúva de Benatar recorreu à Mesa da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, composta por seus compadres que em reunião ofereceu à família, como último local para descanso daquele que tanta alegria e prosperidade trouxe para a cidade, o jardim da instituição hospitalar. Quase duas décadas depois, Miguel Levy faleceu e por também professar a fé judaica foi sepultado no mesmo jardim que Benatar. Como metodologia para esta pesquisa utilizamos fontes primárias, jornalísticas e revisão de literatura da temática. Esperamos ter contribuído com alguns pontos que poderão esclarecer dúvidas quanto ao caso destes dois judeus em Vassouras no século XIX e oportunizar novas pesquisas sobre a temática.
Aspectos Técnicos e Aplicações Clínicas de Testes Viscoelásticos no Monitoramento da Hemostasia Perioperatória
Authors: Junior Hercules da Costa Ribeiro , Zon Filippi Ana Cláudia
Published: June 2020

O monitoramento perioperatório da coagulação é imprescindível para diagnosticar deficiências causadoras de sangramento, nortear terapias hemostáticas durante procedimentos cirúrgicos, além de estimar o risco de sangramento. Na avaliação da hemostase usualmente utilizam-se tempo de sangramento, teste de agregação plaquetária, tempo de protrombina, tempo de tromboplastina parcialmente ativado, tempo de trombina, a dosagem de fatores e dímero D, contagem de plaquetas, razão normalizada internacional, tempo de coagulação ativado, dentre outros. Todavia, os testes normalmente utilizados possuem valor limitado devido à incapacidade de identificar a firmeza do coágulo, além da demora na obtenção dos resultados. Alternativamente a estes testes, foram idealizados os testes de avaliação global da hemostasia, representados pela tromboelastografia (TEG) e pela tromboelastometria rotacional (ROTEM). Ambos analisam as características viscoelásticas do sangue a partir de uma amostra de sangue total, o qual é submetido a baixas tensões de cisalhamento após receber adição de substâncias ativadoras da coagulação. Os testes viscoelásticos tornaram-se, recentemente uma ferramenta para diagnosticar e manejar adequadamente as alterações da coagulação. A utilização do tromboelastograma conduziu os médicos a atuarem com conhecimento mais ampliado dos eventos que acometem o paciente cirúrgico e, desta maneira permite corrigir especificamente uma anomalia da hemostase. Até o presente momento, designa método diagnóstico de suma importância para incluir-se no perioperatório de cirurgias cardiovasculares, trauma, transplante hepático e no cenário de pacientes graves.
Prevalência de óbito em via pública por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil em 10 anos. Importância do conhecimento sobre suporte básico de vida
Authors: Nogueira Cavalheiro Carla Maria , Abirachid Rezende Marília , Carvalho Nagib Thalita , De Lima Machado da Fonseca Gabriel , Marcial de Brito Neto Raimundo , Picone Borges de Aragão Ivana
Published: June 2020

As doenças isquêmicas do coração são a principal causa de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) e após a PCR, deve-se iniciar imediatamente manobras de reanimação cardiopulmonar (RCP). Estima-se que a cada minuto que o indivíduo permanece em PCR, 10% de probabilidade de sobrevida são perdidos. Avaliar a prevalência da mortalidade em via pública por infarto agudo do miocárdio em PCR e demonstrar a importância do conhecimento da população sobre SBV na PCR. Foi realizada revisão de dados obtidos por meio da base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Sistema Único de Saúde. A população do estudo foi constituída de homens e mulheres, de todas as faixas etárias vítimas de óbito em via pública por IAM, entre os anos de 2006 e 2016 em todos os estados do Brasil e também realizou-se revisão bibliográfica. O total de óbitos foi de 21.691 casos, sendo a região Nordeste responsável por mais de um terço do total brasileiro e a seguir, também com aproximadamente um terço dos casos, a região Sudeste com predomínio no estado de São Paulo que foi o estado com mais óbitos no Brasil. As três demais regiões juntas representam cerca do um terço restante. A revisão bibliográfica revelou dados consistentes acerca da importância do conhecimento sobre SBV em indivíduos em PCR. O estudo evidenciou um elevado número de óbitos todos os estados brasileiros, o que corrobora para a importância do conhecimento sobre SBV na população em geral independentemente da idade e atividade laboral.
A Empatia Como um dos Pilares da Humanização da Relação Médico-Paciente. Evolução de Três Anos do Projeto “Calouro Humano”
Authors: Marques dos Santos Sara Cristine , Liberata Barbosa Bandeira Lívia , Picone Borges dos Anjos Ivan Lucas , Lemos de Souza Macedo Thaís , Rabello Eucir , Picone Borges de Aragão Ivana
Published: June 2020

O exercício da medicina, desde seus primórdios, deve contar com uma boa relação médico-paciente (RMP), com fundamentos éticos centrados em princípios como atenção e compaixão, além da solidariedade humana, tendo em sua missão tarefas como confortar, escutar, olhar e tocar seu paciente1. Um dos componentes da RMP é a empatia, que apesar da dificuldade de sua definição conceitual, para o paciente ela é capaz de oferecer segurança e torná-lo mais colaborativo durante o processo de tratamento, aspecto fundamental para que se atinja a efetividade do processo terapêutico2. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a humanização na relação médico-paciente em alunos do primeiro período de curso de medicina (APPCM). Projeto de pesquisa e extensão da Universidade de Vassouras, sob parecer do Conselho de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) n° 1.963.944, com início em 2017. Período de avaliação foi entre 2017 e 2019. A aproximação do APPM ao paciente foi realizada pelo auxílio do aluno mentor matriculado a partir do segundo período de medicina. Um total de 2386 pacientes foram entrevistados através de questionários. A aproximação proporcionada pelo APPM aos pacientes, foi interpretada como positiva tanto pelos alunos como pelos pacientes. Foi possível observar que os estudantes de medicina foram capazes de participar das necessidades dos pacientes, auxiliando, cuidando, fornecendo informações durante a internação, trazendo mais conforto e tranquilidade aos pacientes durante a internação, procurando suprir problemas relatados pelos pacientes em várias áreas relatadas, trabalhando no estímulo da habilidade de comunicação. A introdução dos alunos de medicina precocemente ao paciente incentivou o fortalecimento do processo de humanização na relação médico-paciente.
Improving the Efficiency of Measurements of Combustible Gases Concentration by a Thermocatalytic Sensor
Authors: Bondar O. G. , Brezhneva E. O.
Published: June 2020

Thermocatalytic sensors are widely used in gas analysis systems and have high reliability and low cost. However, errors in measuring the concentration of combustible gases related to the non-linearity of the conversion characteristic and the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations significantly limit the scope of their application.

Purpose of reseach. Development of a method for measuring gas concentration by thermocatalytic sensors, which allows reducing measurement errors by tuning out due to ambient temperature influence and linearization of the conversion characteristic.

Problems. They are as follows: to develop a method for temperature stabilization of a thermocatalytic sensor; to make a structural and functional scheme for the sensor activation; to obtain a mathematical description of the method and substantitation for tuning out as a result of temperature influence; to experimentally confirm the possibility of linearization of the sensor conversion function in the thermal stabilization mode.

Methods. The mathematical description of the method applies the theory of heat transfer and the theory of electrical circuits with discrete signals. When analyzing existing solutions and synthesizing the device, methods for calculating circuits with nonlinear elements and the theory of measurement systems have been used. The real conversion function has been obtained through an experimental method.

Results. A method for measuring gas concentration by a thermocatalytic sensor with the use of a microcontroller and PWM has been developed. It allows reducing errors due to tuning out as a result of ambient temperature influence. A mathematical description of the method has been given. An experiment has been performed. It demonstrates the effectiveness of using temperature stabilization to linearize the conversion characteristic.

Conclusion. The paper proposes a method for temperature stabilization of thermocatalytic gas sensors. The method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measurements by tuning out due to the influence of temperature fluctuations and linearization of the conversion function. The possibility of linearization of the sensor function has been experimentally confirmed. It characterizes the dependence of the output signal on the concentration of combustible gas. Using this method allows you to reduce the cost of the sensor, improve the quality factors of the sensor, such as the reliability and stability of parameters.
Development of the Technology for Manufacturing a Combination EDM Electrode by Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Kuzovkin A. V. , Suvorov A. P. , Krokhin D. Y. , Kuts V. V.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research is to develop a methodology that allows designing EDM electrodes applying advanced computer-aided design (CAD) systems by forming the tool’s working surface with geometry which is inverse equidistant to the geometry of a given workpiece taking into account the EDM gap, working translation or translation-rotational motion of EDM electrodes, the value of the layer of conductive coating based on the technological parameters of the processing procedure. It is also necessary to propose, implement and formulate technological guidelines for manufacturing EDM electrodes from dielectric materials by additive techniques with the subsequent formation of a conductive layer on them; the value of the layer should ensure the flow of working electrical processes in the EDM gap and the necessary tool life. This will make it possible to expand the scope of application of combination EDM electrodes as applied to combined processing techniques which are characterized by a wide variety of working surface shapes, which correspond to the geometry of the workpiece, which is not limited by the degree of curvature, has by far lower cost and high processability when creating a special tool for pilot and single manufacturing.

Methods. When carrying out the work, theory of the classical laws of mechanical engineering technology, electrical processing techniques, the known laws of rapid prototyping and additive technologies were used.

Results. The theoretical foundations and the technology for manufacturing combination EDM electrodes by rapid prototyping have been developed and a methodology for calculating and designing the working part of EDM electrodes has been proposed taking into account the geometric parameters of the machined surface and a variable EDM gap value.

Conclusion. The mechanism of EDM electrode design by means of digital prototyping in modern CAD systems is justified taking into account the features of the workpiece geometry, EDM gap and metallization material.
Investigation of the Operation of the Extended Kalman Filter Supplemented by an Adaptive Digital Filter for Integrating Data from a Mobile Robot Control System
Authors: Bezmen P. A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of reseach. The article deals with the study of the operation of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), supplemented with an adaptive digital filter in order to compensate for the error in the operation of the EKF when performing data integration of the mobile robot control system.

Methods. The adaptive digital filter (ADF) is a self-tuning filter that iteratively changes its variable parameters to achieve the optimal desired values of the output data. The EKF supplemented with the ADF with the NLMS adaptation algorithm will be called the EKF–ADF system or the EKF+NLMS digital filter. An important task is the selection of the number of frames and ADF weighting coefficients at which the optimum quality of noise suppression and the convergence rate of the adaptation algorithm are achieved.

Results. With various options of organizing the operation of the ADF buffer memory, the adjusted values for assessing the state of the ‘mobile robot–environment’ system may differ. When the number of input data frames and ADF weighting coefficients are small, low quality noise suppression will be observed. With an increase in the number of frames and weighting coefficients, the quality of noise suppression is improved, and the convergence rate of the adaptation algorithm decreases.

Conclusion. The EKF+NLMS digital filter algorithm takes an intermediate place between the EKF algorithm and the serial filtering of the EKF and ADF signals with the NLMS algorithm according to the criteria for estimating the mean square error, mean absolute error, signal-to-noise ratio, and convergence rate.
The Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities Network: Protocol for Nested Case Control and Cohort Studies, Rationale, and Baseline Characteristics (Preprint)
Authors: Hirsch Annemarie G , Carson April P , Lee Nora L , McAlexander Tara , Mercado Carla , Siegel Karen , Black Nyesha C , Elbel Brian , Long D Leann , Lopez Priscilla , McClure Leslie A , Poulsen Melissa N , Schwartz Brian S , Thorpe Lorna E
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Diabetes prevalence and incidence vary by neighborhood socioeconomic environment (NSEE) and geographic region in the United States. Identifying modifiable community factors driving type 2 diabetes disparities is essential to inform policy interventions that reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to describe the Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities (LEAD) Network, a group funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to apply harmonized epidemiologic approaches across unique and geographically expansive data to identify community factors that contribute to type 2 diabetes risk.

METHODS

The Diabetes LEAD Network is a collaboration of 3 study sites and a data coordinating center (Drexel University). The Geisinger and Johns Hopkins University study population includes 578,485 individuals receiving primary care at Geisinger, a health system serving a population representative of 37 counties in Pennsylvania. The New York University School of Medicine study population is a baseline cohort of 6,082,146 veterans who do not have diabetes and are receiving primary care through Veterans Affairs from every US county. The University of Alabama at Birmingham study population includes 11,199 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort study with oversampling of participants from the Stroke Belt region.

RESULTS

The Network has established a shared set of aims: evaluate mediation of the association of the NSEE with type 2 diabetes onset, evaluate effect modification of the association of NSEE with type 2 diabetes onset, assess the differential item functioning of community measures by geographic region and community type, and evaluate the impact of the spatial scale used to measure community factors. The Network has developed standardized approaches for measurement.

CONCLUSIONS

The Network will provide insight into the community factors driving geographical disparities in type 2 diabetes risk and disseminate findings to stakeholders, providing guidance on policies to ameliorate geographic disparities in type 2 diabetes in the United States.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/21377
Effects of an mHealth App (Kencom) With Integrated Functions for Healthy Lifestyles on Physical Activity Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers: Observational Study of 12,602 Users (Preprint)
Authors: Hamaya Rikuta , Fukuda Hiroshi , Takebayashi Masaki , Mori Masaki , Matsushima Ryuji , Nakano Ken , Miyake Kuniaki , Tani Yoshiaki , Yokokawa Hirohide
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) apps are considered to be potentially powerful tools for improving lifestyles and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), although only few have undergone large, well-designed epidemiological research. “kencom” is a novel mHealth app with integrated functions for healthy lifestyles such as monitoring daily health/step data, providing tailored health information, or facilitating physical activity through group-based game events. The app is linked to large-scale Japanese insurance claims databases and annual health check-up databases, thus comprising a large longitudinal cohort.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the effects of kencom on physical activity levels and CVD risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus in a large population in Japan.

METHODS

Daily step count, annual health check-up data, and insurance claim data of the kencom users were integrated within the kencom system. Step analysis was conducted by comparing the 1-year average daily step count before and after kencom registration. In the CVD risk analysis, changes in CVD biomarkers following kencom registration were evaluated among the users grouped into the quintile according to their change in step count.

RESULTS

A total of 12,602 kencom users were included for the step analysis and 5473 for the CVD risk analysis. The participants were generally healthy and their mean age was 44.1 (SD 10.2) years. The daily step count significantly increased following kencom registration by a mean of 510 steps/day (P<.001). In particular, participation in “Arukatsu” events held twice a year within the app was associated with a remarkable increase in step counts. In the CVD risk analysis, the users of the highest quintile in daily step change had, compared with those of the lowest quartile, a significant reduction in weight (–0.92 kg, P<.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–2.78 mg/dL, P=.004), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; –0.04%, P=.004), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+1.91 mg/dL, P<.001) after adjustment of confounders.

CONCLUSIONS

The framework of kencom successfully integrated the Japanese health data from multiple data sources to generate a large, longitudinal data set. The use of the kencom app was significantly associated with enhanced physical activity, which might lead to weight loss and improvement in lipid profile.