bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double-elevating osteotomy for late-presenting infantile Blount’s disease
Authors: van Huyssteen A. L. , Hastings C. J. , Olesak M. , Hoffman E. B.
Published: April 2005

We reviewed 34 knees in 24 children after a double-elevating osteotomy for late-presenting infantile Blount’s disease. The mean age of patients was 9.1 years (7 to 13.5).

All knees were in Langenskiöld stages IV to VI. The operative technique corrected the depression of the medial joint line by an elevating osteotomy, and the remaining tibial varus and internal torsion by an osteotomy just below the apophysis. In the more recent patients (19 knees), a proximal lateral tibial epiphysiodesis was performed at the same time.

The mean pre-operative angle of depression of the medial tibial plateau of 49° (40° to 60°) was corrected to a mean of 26° (20° to 30°), which was maintained at follow-up. The femoral deformity was too small to warrant femoral osteotomy in any of our patients. The mean pre-operative mechanical varus of 30.6° (14° to 66°) was corrected to 0° to 5° of mechanical valgus in 29 knees. In five knees, there was an undercorrection of 2° to 5° of mechanical varus. At follow-up a further eight knees, in which lateral epiphysiodesis was delayed beyond five months, developed recurrent tibial varus associated with fusion of the medial proximal tibial physis.
Mechanical testing of impaction bone grafting in the tibia
Authors: Toms A. D. , McClelland D. , Chua L. , de Waal Malefijt M. , Verdonschot N. , Jones R. Spencer , Kuiper J.-H.
Published: April 2005

Clinical experience of impaction bone grafting for revision knee arthroplasty is limited, with initial stability of the tibial tray emerging as a major concern. The length of the stem and its diameter have been altered to improve stability. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the type of stem, support of the rim and graft impaction on early stability of the tray.

We developed a system for impaction grafting of trays which we used with morsellised bone in artificial tibiae. Trays with short, long thick or long thin stems were implanted, with or without support of the rim. They were cyclically loaded while measuring relative movement.

Long-stemmed trays migrated 4.5 times less than short-stemmed trays, regardless of diameter. Those with support migrated 2.8 times less than those without. The migration of short-stemmed trays correlated inversely with the density of the impacted groups. That of impaction-grafted tibial trays was in the range reported for uncemented primary trays. Movements of short-stemmed trays without cortical support were largest and sensitive to the degree of compaction of the graft. If support of the rim was sufficient or a long stem was used, impacted morsellised bone graft achieved adequate initial stability.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee
Authors: Bartlett W. , Skinner J. A. , Gooding C. R. , Carrington R. W. J. , Flanagan A. M. , Briggs T. W. R. , Bentley G.
Published: April 2005

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is used widely as a treatment for symptomatic chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee. Variations of the original periosteum-cover technique include the use of porcine-derived type I/type III collagen as a cover (ACI-C) and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) using a collagen bilayer seeded with chondrocytes. We have performed a prospective, randomised comparison of ACI-C and MACI for the treatment of symptomatic chondral defects of the knee in 91 patients, of whom 44 received ACI-C and 47 MACI grafts.

Both treatments resulted in improvement of the clinical score after one year. The mean modified Cincinnati knee score increased by 17.6 in the ACI-C group and 19.6 in the MACI group (p = 0.32). Arthroscopic assessments performed after one year showed a good to excellent International Cartilage Repair Society score in 79.2% of ACI-C and 66.6% of MACI grafts. Hyaline-like cartilage or hyaline-like cartilage with fibrocartilage was found in the biopsies of 43.9% of the ACI-C and 36.4% of the MACI grafts after one year. The rate of hypertrophy of the graft was 9% (4 of 44) in the ACI-C group and 6% (3 of 47) in the MACI group. The frequency of re-operation was 9% in each group.

We conclude that the clinical, arthroscopic and histological outcomes are comparable for both ACI-C and MACI. While MACI is technically attractive, further long-term studies are required before the technique is widely adopted.
The proximal extent of the ankle capsule and safety for the insertion of percutaneous fine wires
Authors: Lee P. T. H. , Clarke M. T. , Bearcroft P. W. P. , Robinson A. H. N.
Published: April 2005

We have assessed the proximal capsular extension of the ankle joint in 18 patients who had a contrast-enhanced MRI ankle arthrogram in order to delineate the capsular attachments.

We noted consistent proximal capsular extensions anterior to the distal tibia and in the tibiofibular recess. The mean capsular extension anterior to the distal tibia was 9.6 mm (4.9 to 27.0) proximal to the anteroinferior tibial margin and 3.8 mm (−2.1 to 9.3) proximal to the dome of the tibial plafond. In the tibiofibular recess, the mean capsular extension was 19.2 mm (12.7 to 38.0) proximal to the anteroinferior tibial margin and 13.4 mm (5.8 to 20.5) proximal to the dome of the tibial plafond.

These areas of proximal capsular extensions run the risk of being traversed during the insertion of finewires for the treatment of fractures of the distal tibia. Surgeons using these techniques should be aware of this anatomy in order to minimise the risk of septic arthritis.
Anatomy of pilon fractures of the distal tibia
Authors: Topliss C. J. , Jackson M. , Atkins R. M.
Published: April 2005

In a series of 126 consecutive pilon fractures, we have described anatomically explicable fragments. Fracture lines describing these fragments have revealed ten types of pilon fracture which belong to two families, sagittal and coronal. The type of fracture is dictated by the energy of injury, the direction of the force of injury and the age of the patient.
Government, knowledge and the business of policy making: the potential and limits of evidence-based policy
Authors: Mulgan Geoff
Published: April 2005

English

Governments are becoming increasingly dependent on externally produced knowledge. Their demand for knowledge has been amplified by a relatively non-ideological political climate; by the influence of international organisations sharing practice and assessing policy effectiveness; and by public opinion. Supply has grown in tandem within academia, government bodies themselves and international organisations, all hugely helped by the Web. This knowledge takes many different forms, ranging from the classic knowledge of pilots to the tacit knowledge of practitioners. How it is handled varies according to the nature of the field – some are relatively stable, closer to the natural sciences; some are fields in flux, where there is argument over even basic concepts; a third set are inherently novel, particularly those involving technology. In all areas there are unavoidable limits to the relevance and usability of knowledge, including democracy; time; the social role of ambiguity; and reflexivity. However, the shift to greater dependence on knowledge is unlikely to reverse so long as all other areas of economic and social life are changing in tandem towards greater dependence on knowledge and greater awareness of the complexities involved in any production or use of knowledge.
Linking research and policy on Capitol Hill: insights from research brokers
Authors: Rigby Elizabeth
Published: April 2005

English

Much policy research is proposed, designed and funded to inform policy debates. Yet, given the value-laden nature of policy making and the limitations of social science in providing definitive answers devoid of caveats, some question the ability of research to affect policy making at all. Examining this question, this article compiles commentary from 14 individuals convened to discuss the research-to-policy connection as it actually occurs in US policy making. These ‘research brokers’ hold different professional roles (for example, congressional staffers, advocates), but all work at the intersection of research and policy on a daily basis, allowing them to provide first-hand accounts of research utilisation.
Immunological properties of human decidual macrophages – a possible role in intrauterine immunity
Authors: Singh Uma , Nicholson Grant , Urban Britta C , Sargent Ian L , Kishore Uday , Bernal Andrés López
Published: April 2005

Our aim was to investigate the contribution of decidual macrophages, which constitute an important immune component of the decidua in late gestation, to intrauterine defence mechanisms. Using flow cytometry we examined the ability of decidual macrophages, isolated from term decidua, to bind and phagocytose fluorescence-labelled bacterial and yeast bioparticles. We also assessed their ability to generate superoxide radicals and tumour necrosis factor-α following lipopolysaccharide challenge. Decidual macrophages bound bacterial and yeast particles in a dose-dependent manner, which subsequently led to phagocytosis. These macrophages also produced superoxide radicals and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α when challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. These results suggest a role for decidual macrophages in pathogen recognition and clearance during pregnancy, and, therefore, they are likely to protect the fetus against intrauterine infections which might otherwise lead to preterm labour.
Histological and steroidogenic changes in dominant ovarian follicles during oestradiol-induced atresia in heifers
Authors: Burke Christopher R , Cárdenas Horacio , Mussard Martin L , Day Michael L
Published: April 2005

Histological and steroidogenic changes within dominant ovarian follicles (DFs) undergoing atresia following systemic administration of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) were characterized in beef heifers. At 5.6 ± 0.1 days after the onset of oestrus, heifers received 1 mg ODB i.m./500 kg body weight (ODB; n = 15) or served as controls (n = 15). Timing of treatment initiation was designated as hour (h) 0 on day (d) 0, and coincided with the presence of the DF of the first follicular wave (DF1). Within treatments, the DF1 was collected following ovariectomy in four animals at h 12, h 36 or after ultrasonic detection of a new wave (NW) of ovarian follicular development. In heifers of the NW groups (n = 7 per treatment), blood samples were collected at intervals of 20 min for 12 h beginning at h − 12, 0, 24 and 48 to characterize circulating LH patterns. Administration of ODB suppressed (P < 0.01) mean concentrations of LH at h 24 and h 48 by preventing (P < 0.05) the increase in LH pulse amplitude observed in controls, but had no effect on FSH. Follicular fluid (FF) concentrations of androgens and oestradiol were reduced at h 36 in the ODB-treated group. The diameter of the DF1 and the number of granulosa cell layers were also reduced in ODB-treated as compared with control heifers. Treatment differences were not observed in the proportion of apoptotic granulosa cells as assessed using the TUNEL assay method, and timing of a new wave of follicular development (d 4.6 ± 0.2) was similar (P > 0.1) among treatments. A prominent characteristic of oestradiol-induced atresia of the DF1 of the oestrous cycle in heifers was a loss in oestrogenic function associated with reduced LH support. However, the timing of new follicular development may be influenced by a factor(s) other than the status of the DF undergoing oestradiol-induced atresia.
Chromosome 18 pairing behavior in human trisomic oocytes. Presence of an extra chromosome extends bouquet stage
Authors: Roig I , Robles P , Garcia R , Martínez-Flores I , Cabero Ll , Egozcue J , Liebe B , Scherthan H , Garcia M
Published: April 2005

Little is known about the first meiotic prophase stages in the human female because these occur during fetal life, and only a few studies have addressed aneuploid human oocytes. In this paper, the synaptic process in the meiotic prophase in three 47, XX + 18 cases is analyzed. A complete study of the dynamics of centromeres and telomeres, cohesin core and synapsis development in aneuploid female meiosis was performed. Investigation of chromosome dynamics in prophase of trisomy 18 oocytes show that these events follow the major patterns seen earlier in euploid oocytes. However, there is a significant delay in the resolution of bouquet topology which could relate to the presence of a surplus chromosome 18 axial element in zygotene oocytes. Pachytene oocytes displayed normal synapsis among the three chromosome 18s. However, in some oocytes the surplus chromosome 18 core was aligned to the bivalent 18. As ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) has been described as a marker for late-pairing chromosomes in mice, ATR distribution was analyzed in human meiocytes –spermatocytes, euploid oocytes and trisomic oocytes. In contrast to the observations made in mice, no preferential staining for late-pairing chromosomes was observed in humans. In the cases studied, bivalent synapses progressed as in a normal ovary, contrasting with the hypothesis that a surplus chromosome can modify pairing of other chromosomes.
Temperature Stress Tolerance of Conifer Seedlings after Exposure to UV‐B Radiation
Authors: L'Hirondelle Sylvia J. , Binder Wolfgang D.
Published: April 2005

Ground‐level UV‐B radiation has increased globally due to a thinning stratospheric ozone layer. We estimated the effects of increased UV‐B on 10 conifer species grown in chambers in greenhouses with supplemental UV‐B. Species were selected from a wide range of geographic locations. Plant material of two ages (germinants, first growing season; seedlings, second season) were exposed to three levels of UV‐B from ambient (at Victoria, B.C., Canada) to three times ambient (12 kJ m−2 d−1) for up to four months. Frost hardiness and heat tolerance of shoots were estimated from changes in chlorophyll fluorescence after exposure to test temperatures. There were no significant differences among seed sources from different elevations in their response to temperature stresses. When UV‐B increased above the ambient level, three species (interior Douglas‐fir, Engelmann spruce, and interior lodgepole pine) increased in frost hardiness and four (grand fir, interior spruce, yellow‐cedar, and western redcedar) decreased. Two species (western redcedar and western hemlock) increased in heat tolerance when UV‐B increased to the 12 kJ level. The main differences in stress tolerance were between the triple ambient and the other two treatments, not between ambient and double ambient, suggesting that any changes in UV‐B would have to be large to elicit physiological changes in conifer seedlings.
Surveying neotropical social wasps: an evaluation of methods in the "Ferreira Penna" research station (ECFPn), in Caxiuanã, PA, Brazil (Hym., Vespidae, Polistinae)
Authors: Silveira Orlando Tobias
Published: April 2005

A survey of social wasps was made in the area of the "Ferreira Penna" Research Station (ECFPn) in Caxiuanã, PA, Brazil. Traditional collecting methods as the use of Malaise traps and the search for individuals and colonies of wasps along trails in the forest and by river margins, were applied in a more systematized fashion. Seventy-nine species belonging to 18 genera were discovered within a discontinuous period of 52 days of collecting. Angiopolybia pallens, Polybia liliacea, and several Agelaia species were the most frequently collected species. Active search for wasps in the forest and by river margins was far more efficient than Malaise traps regarding the discovery of polistine species.
Herpetofauna of the quaternary sand dunes of the middle Rio São Francisco: Bahia: Brazil. VII.: Typhlops amoipira sp. nov., a possible relative of Typhlops yonenagae (Serpentes, Typhlopidae)
Authors: Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut , Juncá Flora Acunã
Published: April 2005

A new species of a small typhlopid snake is described from Ibiraba, in the sand- dune area of the left bank of Rio São Francisco, State of Bahia, Brazil. Typhlops amoipira sp. nov. is a small, light brown, and slightly pigmented Typhlops characterized by an incomplete nasal suture,18 scale rows around the body (SAB), and 212-242 dorsal scales. The geographic and morphologically closer species, Typhlops yonenagae (18 SAB, 259-291 dorsals) lives in the same area, in the sands of the opposite side of the river.
Abundância de macrocrustáceos decápodas nas áreas rasas do complexo lagunar Mundaú/Manguaba, AL
Authors: TEIXEIRA ROGÉRIO L. , SÁ HÉLIO S.
Published: April 2005

Os macrocrustáceos que ocorrem nas partes rasas do complexo lagunar Mundaú/Manguaba foram estudados entre maio de 1988 e abril de1989. As amostragens foram realizadas com rede de arrasto de praia. Foi capturado um total de 15 espécies pertencentes a 6 gêneros e 3 famílias. Baseado no CPUE, as espécies que predominaram em número foram: Palaemon pandaliformis, seguido por Macrobrachium acanthurus e Callinectes danae. Com relação à biomassa, as espécies dominantes foram: C. danae, seguido por C. bocourti, P. pandaliformis, M. acanthurus e C. ornatus. Análises de agrupamento por mês e estação de coleta evidenciaram a associação de dois grupos de espécies: um dominado por portunídeos e outro por palaemonídeos. Como os macrocrustáceos representam importantes recursos pesqueiros, é necessário o desenvolvimento de melhores planos de manejo dentro do estuário para garantir a renovação dos estoques.
The male genital accessory gland complex of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: GARCIA-FERNANDEZ CASIMIRO , GARCIA SONIA M. LAUER DE , GARCIA ROSANE NUNES
Published: April 2005

A topographical and histological study of the male genital accessory gland complex of Boophilus microplus was undertaken. Ten lobes were found, the most prominent of which is the single dorso-median lobe, subdivided into antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal lobes. The other lobes are: a pair of postero-ventral lobes, a pair of lateral lobes (subdivided into dorso-lateral and postero-lateral lobes), a pair of antero-ventral lobes, a single medio-ventral lobe and a pair of latero-ventral lobes. These lobes were observed to present individual topographical and histological characteristics, with independent openings, hence the conclusion is that they form a gland complex. The secretory nature of the dorso-median lobe duct was also analysed.
Observações sobre os hábitos de Rhynchonycteris naso (WIED-NEUWIED, 1820) e Noctilio albiventris DESMAREST, 1818 (MAMMALLIA, CHIROPTERA)
Authors: NOGUEIRA MARCELO RODRIGUES , POL ANDRÉ
Published: April 2005

Observações sobre os hábitos de Rhynchonycteris naso e Noctilio albiventris foram conduzidas na região de Jaíba, ao norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Colônias dessas espécies foram amostradas em associação com cursos d'água em áreas sob considerável ação antrópica. Houve sobreposição em relação ao período de atividade que se inicia cerca de meia hora após o pôr-do-sol e dura em torno de uma hora. Um segundo período de atividade ao final da noite, e com mesma duração, foi constatado em R. naso e na maioria dos indivíduos de N. albiventris. Ambas as espécies utilizam abrigos noturnos temporários, observandose em N. albiventris a formação de agrupamentos. Capturas em mistnets de fêmeas lactantes nos meses de abril e outubro sugerem que nessa região ambas as espécies apresentam um padrão reprodutivo poliestro bimodal, com picos de nascimento no início e ao final do período chuvoso (outubro a março). A ocorrência em simpatria dessas espécies deve ser facilitada pelo maior oportunismo de N. albiventris em relação as áreas de forrageio e por sua capacidade de explorar insetos aquáticos.
Morphological changes in the vaginal epithelium during the oestrous cycle of Calomys callosus (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: RODRIGUES JEAN FÁBIO TORRES , FERRO ELOISA AMÁLIA VIEIRA
Published: April 2005

This study describes changes in the pattern of microridges, keratinization, desquamation, secretion, leukocyte infiltration as well as the increasing number of mitotic cells in the vaginal epithelium of Calomys callosus during the oestrous cycle. In proestrus, the epithelium is squamous and stratified with a fine layer of keratin and it is overlain by secretory prismatic cells. In oestrous, the epithelium is squamous, stratified and keratinized. In metoestrus, the epithelium is squamous and stratified with loss of the keratin layer. A leukocyte infiltration, extending from the base to the surface of the epithelial layer is also present. At the end of this phase, the surface cells start to become PAS-positive. In dioestrus, the epithelium is stratified. The superficial cells are prismatic, exhibiting the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of glycoprotein secreting cells supported by a layer of squamous cells. At the end of this phase, kerato-hyaline granules appear in the granular layer of the epithelium, indicating the beginning of the keratinization process, present in the next proestrus.
Seleção de hábitat em duas espécies de jararaca (Bothrops moojeni Hoge e B. neuwiedi Wagler) (Serpentes, Viperidae)
Authors: BORGES R. C. , ARAUJO A. F. B.
Published: April 2005

Foram utilizados dados relativos ao uso de hábitat por espécimes de Bothrops moojeni e B. neuwiedi (Serpentes, Viperidae) provenientes de doações ao Jardim Zoológico de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Jardim Botânico do Distrito Federal e de um experimento de semicativeiro. Os resultados indicaram forte segregação de hábitat entre ambas as espécies, sendo B. neuwiedi amplamente restrita a áreas abertas, enquanto B. moojeni utiliza principalmente a mata e o ecótono. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na seleção de hábitat entre indivíduos mantidos isolados e aqueles confinados em um mesmo cercado. Assim, aparentemente, uma espécie não interfere diretamente na seleção de hábitat da outra.
Loss of weight and concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus during decomposition of Eichhornia azurea in the floodplain of the upper Paraná river, Brazil
Authors: PAGIORO T. A. , THOMAZ S. M.
Published: April 2005

Leaf packs of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia azurea were used to experimentally evaluate changes in mass, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, and C:N ratios during initial stages of decomposition in two different environments, the Paraná River and Garças Lake. Analysis of weight loss showed relatively slow decomposition rates in both environments (0.0047 d-1 and 0.0048 d-1 respectively). Over a 45-day period we observed significant changes (p < 0.05) in concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, but only carbon differed between the environments (F = 10.479; p = 0.03). Therefore we concluded that detritus behaved similarly during decomposition, since intrinsic characteristics of the environments affected only the carbon concentrations.
Cross-fostering between two species of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata)
Authors: GUERRA R. F. , TAKASE E. , SANTOS C. V.
Published: April 2005

Cross-fostering technique can be defined as adoption of infants by adults of other species. This phenomenon is poorly investigated because very young animals have few opportunities to interact peacefully with non-conspecific adults, either in captivity or in natural conditions. This study describes the induction of cross-fostering in captivity between white tufted-ear (Callithrix jacchus) and black tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). We conclude that this technique can be very useful for preserving the life of rejected by parents or orphan infants, mainly in the case of species with low reproduction rate in captivity or those threatened by extinction, as well for investigating the environmental effects on the typical behavior of species (courtship, food preference, vocalization patterns, e.g.).
Biologia da polinização de Jacaratia spinosa (AUBL) ADC. (CARICACEAE) em mata residual do sudeste brasileiro
Authors: PIRATELLI A. J. , PIÑA-RODRIGUES F. C. M. , GANDARA F. B. , SANTOS E. M. G. , COSTA L. G. S.
Published: April 2005

A biologia da polinização de Jacaratia spinosa (Aubl) ADC. (Caricaceae) foi estudada na Mata de Santa Genebra, Campinas (20º54'S; 47º05'W), estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram obtidos dados de antese floral, volume e concentração de açúcar no néctar, viabilidade do pólen, receptividade do estigma, localização de glândulas de odor, sistemas de reprodução e principais visitantes/potenciais polinizadores. A espécie é dióica e as plantas masculinas florescem por um período maior (52 dias) que as femininas (22 dias). A maioria das flores tem antese noturna, durando as masculinas cerca de 24 horas e as femininas, 48 horas. As masculinas produzem, em média, 112,5 ml de néctar e concentração de açúcar de 13,9%. As femininas não produzem néctar, tendo sido identificado mimetismo das masculinas pelas femininas. A viabilidade do pólen não variou ao longo do dia (média 97,20%). Houve produção de frutos por agamospermia e por fecundação cruzada. Os principais polinizadores observados foram mariposas, o que corrobora com suas características de síndrome de falenofilia, havendo, entretanto, outros insetos, como borboletas, que podem contribuir para sua reprodução.
Temporal variations in community structure in and around intertidal barnacle (Chthamalus challengeri Hoek) patches on a plebby shore in Japan
Authors: APOLINÁRIO M.
Published: April 2005

The community structure in and around two barnacle (Chthamalus challengeri Hoek) patches (sites A and B) which extended from the middle to the upper intertidal zone on a pebbly shore in Magarisaki (Amakusa, Kyushu, Japan), was studied during summer and winter of 1995 and 1996. The results show a significant decrease in the proportion of substrate covered by barnacles from January 1995 to July 1996. The number of species, number of individuals, and biomass also decreased in the patch areas through time. There were significant differences between inside and outside the patches for percentage of substrate covered by barnacles, number of individuals, number of species, and biomass during the first year. Numbers of some gastropods were significantly higher in the barnacle patches, suggesting that the presence of barnacles create favorable microhabitat for the other taxa.
Fern spore bank at Pedregulho (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil)
Authors: SIMABUKURO E. A. , BEGOVACZ A. , ESTEVES L. M. , FELIPPE G. M.
Published: April 2005

This paper presents an analysis of pteridophyte spore bank the site of Pedregulho, in Itirapina, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The samples of soil were collected in February (rainy season) and August (dry season) in four localities: open cerrado, cerradão, gallery forest and a disturbed area at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm. The samples were collected in duplicate. Of the duplicates, one was used for spore counting and the second one for spore germination. In the cerrado, cerradão and gallery forest soil samples the values for pteridophyte spores were similar in the rainy and dry season, but in the disturbed area the percentage of spores was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The number of pteridophyte spores decreased with soil depth in the rainy season in the cerrado, cerradão and disturbed area. Gametophytes were found in all samples. In general, soil collected in the cerrado, cerradão and disturbed area in the dry season presented more gametophytes than the ones collected in the rainy season. The number of gametophytes was lower in the 10-15 cm deep samples. The present results clearly show a reserve of spores in the soil of the four different sites studied in Itirapina region, in Brazil. Thus in this region turning over of soil layers and other kinds of disturbance can bring spores to the soil surface and their germination. This is one of the first reports of a pteridophyte spore bank for Brazil, no mention of any pteridophyte spore bank is made for South America by Lindsay & Dyer (1990) and Dyer & Lindsay (1992).
Trichogloea requienii (Montagne) Kützing (Rhodophyta: Liagoraceae) no litoral do Brasil
Authors: MOURA C. W. N. , CORDEIRO-MARINO M. , GUIMARÃES S. M. P. B.
Published: April 2005

O presente trabalho cita a ocorrência de Trichogloea requienii no litoral da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. O gênero é caracterizado por apresentar calcificação moderada na região entre os filamentos assimiladores (córtex) e medula, células mães dos espermatângios dispostas em verticilos sobre as células subterminais corticais, carpogônio localizado no final do filamento assimilador e desenvolvimento de filamentos estéreis curtos nas células inferiores do ramo carpogonial. São apresentadas descrição e ilustração detalhadas do táxon, além da comparação com entidades afins. Esta é a primeira citação do gênero para o Atlântico Sul.
A regeneração de uma floresta tropical montana após corte e queima (São Paulo - Brasil)
Authors: TABARELLI M. , MANTOVANI W.
Published: April 2005

O corte e queima são um dos tipos de perturbação predominante na floresta Atlântica montana no Sudeste do Brasil. A análise de uma cronosseqüência de regeneração (10, 18, 40 anos e floresta madura) corrobora a hipótese de que as características da floresta se transformam em diferentes velocidades em direção aos valores observados na floresta madura. Em ordem decrescente de velocidade, a floresta, após corte e queima, restaura a riqueza e a diversidade de espécies arbóreo-arbustivas, a composição de guildas, a composição florística (importância relativa das famílias) e, por último, os atributos da estrutura física, com exceção da densidade de indivíduos. A floresta com 40 anos apresentou entre 38,8% e 117,1% dos valores observados na floresta madura, sugerindo que esta se regenera dentro do padrão observado para o conjunto das florestas tropicais. Além da intensidade de perturbação, determinadas características dessa floresta montana, como o tamanho médio de diásporos e a importância relativa de grupos dispersores, podem conferir-lhe maior resiliência. As transformações florísticas direcionais, observadas durante a regeneração, podem ser descritas através de modelos sucessionais compostos por quatro ou cinco fases, dependendo da intensidade de perturbação. Nesses modelos, as espécies dominantes pertencem aos gêneros Imperata, Pteridium, Baccharis, Tibouchina e Alchornea.
Germination of seeds from herbaceous plants artificially stored in cerrado soil
Authors: SASSAKI R. M. , RONDON J. N. , ZAIDAN L. B. P. , FELIPPE G. M.
Published: April 2005

The germination of three cerrado herbaceous species: Bidens gardneri, Vernonia herbacea (Asteraceae) and Psychotria barbiflora (Rubiaceae) was studied using seeds stored in cerrado soil and in refrigerator at 4°C. The field experiment was carried out at a preserved area of cerrado, the Reserva Biológica e Estação Experimental de Mogi-Guaçu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil was collected in the same cerrado where the experiment was carried out. The achenes of Bidens gardneri are light sensitive, but this sensitivity disappeared when the achenes were stored in soil. With 3 months storage in cerrado soil no differences in germination in light or darkness were detected. The number of intact achenes retrieved from storage in soil decreased with increasing time of storage. A large number of seeds had already germinated during the 3 months storage in soil. The longevity of seeds of this species stored for nearly 10 years at 4°C was checked: the achenes were viable for a long period of time but less than 10 years. Intact achenes of Vernonia herbacea could be retrieved from the soil only with 1 month storage. Germination was always very low and only 15% of the achenes possessed embryos. The number of intact seeds of Psychotria barbiflora decreased the longer the period of storage in soil. Germination of seeds stored at 4°C or in the soil was always very low. From the germination studies of stored seeds in cerrado it can be concluded that Vernonia herbacea does not form a seed bank and Bidens gardneri and Psychotria barbiflora may form a temporary seed bank in cerrado.
Fenologia de árvores em fragmento de mata em São Paulo, SP
Authors: FERRAZ D. K. , ARTES R. , MANTOVANI W. , MAGALHÃES L. M.
Published: April 2005

A fenologia de 6 espécies arbóreas foi estudada de outubro de 1993 a outubro de 1996, em um fragmento de floresta (10 ha) na região metropolitana de São Paulo (aproximadamente 46º43'W e 23º33'S; 750 m de altitude média). Foram acompanhados indivíduos de Alchornea sidifolia, Cecropia glaziouii, Cedrela fissilis, Cordia ecalyculata, Croton floribundus e Cupania oblongifolia, e observado o período de ocorrência das fenofases: floração, frutificação, queda e brotamento de folhas. Foi realizada a análise descritiva circular da época de ocorrência das fenofases e determinados os coeficientes de correlação múltipla entre a precipitação, a temperatura e as fenofases, para investigar a influência destes fatores do clima na fenologia das espécies. A relação mais forte foi encontrada entre a frutificação e o clima em C. ecalyculata, seguida por C. floribundus. São discutidos os fatores relacionados com a época de ocorrência, duração, periodicidade e sincronia dos eventos fenológicos.
Estrutura e dinâmica de populações arbóreas de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual na região de Piracicaba, SP
Authors: NASCIMENTO H. E. M. , DIAS A. DA S. , TABANEZ A. A. J. , VIANA V. M.
Published: April 2005

Para verificar a hipótese de que a fragmentação das florestas tropicais associada às perturbações antrópicas podem resultar numa maior perda de espécies arbóreas e na mudança na composição florística ao longo do tempo foi analisado um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual de 9,5 ha localizado na região de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, onde houve dois incêndios em passado recente. Neste fragmento, denominado de Mata do Pomar, o recrutamento, a mortalidade e a mudança do tamanho populacional de espécies arbóreas foram obtidos num intervalo de quatro anos (1991 e 1995). Padrões de recrutamento, mortalidade e conseqüente mudança populacional variaram entre as espécies e os grupos ecológicos. As dez espécies mais abundantes no ano de 1991, que representam a classe 1 de densidade ( > ou = 15 indivíduos/ha), foram responsáveis por 79,9% do recrutamento, contra apenas 7,5% da classe 2 (5,2 a 13,8 indivíduos/ha) e 9,0% da classe 3 (1,7 e 3,4 indivíduos/ha). Particularmente, as três espécies mais abundantes em 1991, Bauhinia forficata, Aloysia virgata e Urera baccifera, todas pioneiras, e uma espécie oportunista, Croton floribundus, foram responsáveis pelo alto recrutamento apresentado pela classe 1 de densidade. Apenas essas espécies perfizeram 75% do recrutamento e, conjuntamente com uma baixa mortalidade, experimentaram um aumento pronunciado em suas populações. Além do baixo recrutamento obtido pelas classes 2 e 3, as espécies pioneiras e oportunistas foram responsáveis por 74,2% do recrutamento nessas duas classes e apresentaram maior ganho em densidade que as espécies tolerantes e reprodutoras à sombra. Além desses resultados, foi também realizada uma análise comparativa deste fragmento com outros dois: um fragmento de mesmo tamanho (fragmento Santa Rita - 9,5 ha) e um fragmento com tamanho superior (fragmento Capuava - 86 ha), ambos também localizados no mesmo município. O fragmento Mata do Pomar apresenta menos da metade do número de espécies encontrado nos fragmentos Santa Rita e Capuava, embora tenha o mesmo tamanho do fragmento Santa Rita. Além disso, ocorre uma alta dominância local de poucas espécies no fragmento Mata do Pomar: as quatro espécies mais abundantes, B. forficata, A. virgata, U. baccifera e Trema micrantha, todas pioneiras, são responsáveis por 62,0% do total de indivíduos, ao passo que as quatro espécies mais abundantes nos fragmentos Santa Rita e Capuava perfazem apenas 30,6% e 23,2% dos indivíduos, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstra que as estratégias de conservação da biodiversidade em fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual no interior do Estado de São Paulo devem considerar o histórico de perturbações na identificação de prioridades.
Algas planctônicas de um lago artificial do Jardim Botânico Chico Mendes, Goiânia, Goiás: florística e algumas considerações ecológicas
Authors: NOGUEIRA I. de S. , LEANDRO-RODRIGUES N. C.
Published: April 2005

Este trabalho visa estudar a composição e fazer algumas considerações ecológicas das algas planctônicas que ocorrem em um dos lagos artificiais do Jardim Botânico Chico Mendes, Goiânia, Goiás, enfocando a florística e aspectos ecológicos entre períodos de seca, início de chuva e período chuvoso, juntamente com alguns parâmetros abióticos (pH, oxigênio - dissolvido e saturado - temperatura do ar e da água, nitratos, nitritos, alcalinidade, cloretos, turbidez, DBO e precipitação). Foram reconhecidos 77 táxons, distribuídos em 9 classes, destes 68,7% foram registrados como sendo primeira ocorrência para o estado e Chlorophyceae, a classe mais representativa. Durante o período chuvoso observou-se maior riqueza específica, com 11 táxons abundantes. No entanto, o início das chuvas apresentou maior densidade fitoplanctônica (13.590 ind/ml), com 18 espécies abundantes, dentre estas se destacaram Nephrochlamys allanthoidea (Chlorophyceae) e Phacus dangeardi (Euglenophyceae) que apresentaram elevadas densidades. As águas do ambiente estudado mostraram-se com características meso a oligotróficas no período seco e oligotróficas no início das chuvas, variando de levemente ácida a alcalina, com temperatura entre 24ºC e 26ºC.
Estudo comparativo de métodos de amostragem de comunidades de Costão
Authors: SABINO C. M. , VILLAÇA R.
Published: April 2005

O presente estudo compara três metodologias de amostragem de costão rochoso: estimativa visual, pontos de interseção e raspagem total do substrato. No método de estimativa visual, variou-se o tamanho do amostrador e, no de pontos de interseção, o número de pontos marcados. As amostras foram coletadas no costão da praia do Forno, Búzios, RJ, em duas faixas, uma dominada fisionomicamente por Amphiroa sp. e a outra, por Sargassum furcatum. Foram aplicados testes de ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis aos resultados encontrados, utilizando-se como variáveis os índices bionômicos de número de espécies, porcentagem total de recobrimento, índice de diversidade e índice de uniformidade. Os resultados provaram que nenhuma metodologia de amostragem semelhante mostrou-se estatisticamente diferente da outra. Existe diferença quando se comparam os métodos não-destrutivos ao método destrutivo. No entanto, amostradores com menor área ou menor número de pontos não amostram bem o índice número de espécies. Os métodos não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação à cobertura total e aos índices de diversidade e uniformidade, salvo algumas exceções. Os resultados do presente trabalho são aplicáveis apenas a comunidades de costão rochosos com perfis similares ao da comunidade estudada. A escolha do método deve ser considerada para cada situação.
Morphological description of the developmental stages of Parauchenipterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) on the floodplain of the upper Paraná River
Authors: SANCHES P. V. , NAKATANI K. , BIALETZKI A.
Published: April 2005

We provide morphological and morphometric descriptions of the developmental stages of Parauchenipterus galeatus, from the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River. Specimens were obtained by induced spawning. The species has large adhesive eggs with a double membrane. The incubation period is long, 65 hours at 27°C. The larvae are well developed at hatching, with relatively rapid larval development. Analysis of the morphometric data showed that the body parts of P. galeatus grow proportionately.
Variação espacial e temporal de bagres marinhos (Siluriformes, Ariidae) na Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: AZEVEDO M. C. C. , ARAÚJO F. G. , CRUZ-FILHO A. G. , GOMES I. D. , PESSANHA A. L. M.
Published: April 2005

Bagres marinhos (Ariidae) são os mais abundantes recursos pesqueiros em arrastos de fundo na Baía de Sepetiba, RJ (Lat. 22º54’-23º04’S; Long. 43º34’-44º10’W), que é uma importante área de criação e alimentação de uma grande variedade de espécies de peixes na fase juvenil. Padrões espaciais e sazonais de distribuição dos bagres marinhos, baseados no número e no peso de peixes por arrasto, foram analisados com base em 151 amostragens de arrasto de fundo, em sete locais da Baía de Sepetiba, entre julho de 1993 e junho de 1996. Para comparações espaciais da área de estudo, estabeleceu-se como zona interna a região situada no interior da Baía e como zona externa a área com maior influência das águas oceânicas. Juntamente com os arrastos de fundo, foram feitas medições da temperatura e salinidade da água de superfície e de fundo, da transparência e da profundidade. Um padrão de variação espacial baseado nos fatores ambientais, através da análise multivariada, é apresentado com maiores profundidades e transparências na zona externa e menores na zona interna, com pequeno gradiente de aumento de salinidade da zona interna para a zona externa. Somente a temperatura apresentou sazonalidade. Cinco espécies de bagres marinhos foram registradas, na seguinte ordem decrescente de abundância numérica: Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839), Cathorops spixii (Agassiz, 1829), Sciadeichthys luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840), Netuma barba (Lacépède, 1803) e Bagre marinus (Mitchill,1814). Um padrão de variação espacial na distribuição dos bagres marinhos na Baía de Sepetiba foi apresentado, com as quatro mais abundantes espécies distribuindo-se principalmente na zona interna da Baía, com indicações de separação espacial entre as mesmas. G. genidens foi abundante em todas as estações de coleta da zona interna da Baía, C. spixii apresentou distribuição mais restrita na zona interna e N. barba, nas proximidades da embocadura do Rio Guandú, enquanto S. luniscutis apresentou ampla distribuição na zona interna e externa da Baía.A sazonalidade não foi marcada para essas espécies. Estratégias de separação espacial podem estar explicando a coexistência em elevada abundância de bagres marinhos na Baía de Sepetiba, que funciona como área de criação desses peixes, os quais encontram nas menores profundidade e transparência da zona interna condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de seus ciclos de vida.
New records of larval hostplants for ithomiinae butterflies (Nymphalidae)
Authors: COSTA F. A. P. L.
Published: April 2005

Seventeen new records of larval hostplants are given for Ithomiinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in southeastern Minas Gerais, and one in Brasília, DF. At the present state of knowledge, generalizations about larval feeding habits of these insects may be premature.
Mitogenic activity of fetal bovine serum, fish fry extract, insulin-like growth factor-I, and fibroblast growth factor on brown bullhead catfish cells - BB line
Authors: CYRINO J. E. P. , MULVANEY D.R.
Published: April 2005

Biossays were performed to assess the effects of different levels of growth medium supplementation with fetal bovine serum (FBS), fish fry extract (FE), combinations of FBS and FE, and addition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on the proliferation of brown bullhead catfish cells (BB line). Treatments (n = 4) were: 2.5, 5, 10, and 15.0% FBS or FE and 5/2.5, 5/5, 10/2.5, and 10/5 of a FBS/FE combination as supplement to the growth medium, or the addition of 0.1, 1, 2.5, 10, 25, and 75 ng/ml of either IGF-I or FGF to the growth media. Initial cell density was 1.1 x 10(6) cells per well on uncoated 24-well plates. Incubation temperature was 29.5 ± 0.7ºC. Six hours after plating, initial culture medium was removed, plates rinsed with Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline, treatment media added, and cells allowed to proliferate for 24 hours. Another bioassay was performed with rat myoblast omega cells (RMo) using the same levels of growth medium supplemented with FBS, FE and FBS/FE. Base growth medium was Dulbecco’s MEM. The initial cell density was 7.2 x 10(6) cells per well, and the bioassay was carried out at 36.0 ± 0.5ºC, on a 95% air, 5% CO2 incubator. Increasing levels of FBS had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the proliferation of both BB and RMo cells. Increasing levels of FE had a negative effect (P < 0.05) on the proliferation of BB cells and totally inhibited the proliferation of RMo cells at any level of supplementation. Higher levels of FE on the FBS/FE combinations presented a negative effect on the proliferation of both BB and RMo cells (P < 0.05). Insulin-like growth factor I had a positive quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the proliferation of BB cells. Apparently, mammalian growth factors slightly stimulated mitogenic activity in fish cells, while FE contained factors which inhibited the mitogenic activity of RMo and BB cell lines.
Gill infection of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae) by Henneguya leporinicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Description, histopathology and treatment
Authors: MARTINS M. L. , SOUZA V. N. de , MORAES J. R. E de , MORAES F. R de
Published: April 2005

Piauçus (Leporinus macrocephalus), were raised in 300 m² ponds (density of 10 fish/m²) presenting asphyxia signals and daily mortality of 27 fishes. Specimens with 8-cm total body length, were collected for necropsy. Mucus of body surface and pieces of organs were collected and examined microscopically, in wet mounts, stained or in histological sections. The smears examination showed the presence of several spores in the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments, identified as Henneguya leporinicola n.sp (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Histopatological study showed epithelial hyperplasia and fulfilling of the spaces between the secondary lamellae, congestion and teleangiectasia sinusoidal. It was also observed hyperplasia of the goblet cells and several cysts of parasite with 70.3mum diameter. Such cysts were situated among the secondary lamellae, covered or not by the hyperplasic epithelium. With this diagnostic, three applications of formalin solution 10 ml/m³ were carried out. Fifteen days after that, fish were examined again to ascertain whether the treatment was efficient on disease caused by the protozoa. The tissue alterations present in the gills after the treatment were just a moderate sinusoidal congestion and a slight epithelial hyperplasia on the base of the secondary lamellae.
Opportunistic adaptations to man-induced habitat changes by some South American Caprimulgidae
Authors: INGELS J. , ONIKI Y. , WILLIS E. O.
Published: April 2005

We describe the opportunistic adaptation to man-induced changes in the habitats of six neotropical Caprimulgidae. Habitats created by those changes, and similar to their original and usual ones, are readily occupied by these nightjars. The occasional invasion of urban environments ("urbanization") is the most recent and most remarkable behavioural adaptation.
Biogeographic and species richness patterns of Gastropoda on the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: FLOETER S. R. , SOARES-GOMES A.
Published: April 2005

Patterns of richness and biogeography of Gastropoda molluscs were determined based on lists of species from five sites along the southwestern Atlantic. The analysis of the distribution patterns of these sites confirmed the existence of a broader transition zone between southern Espírito Santo State (21°S) and Rio Grande do Sul State (32°S). This zone is very heterogeneous, presenting a low endemism rate and a significant number of species common to the near provinces, and does not show enough consistency to be considered as an independent biogeographic province as proposed by Palacio (1980). Observing the distribution of species along the southwestern Atlantic we find an increase in the proportion of species with greatest latitudinal ranges (occurring from the tropics to Patagonia) from lowest to highest latitudes, following Rappoport's rule.