bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Noncoding RNAs Contribute to Sperm Oxidative Stress-Induced Programming of Behavioral and Metabolic Phenotypes in Offspring
Authors: Ren Li , Xin Yining , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yanwen , Chen Yingqi , Liu Suyuan , He Bin
Published: June 2022

There is growing evidence that paternal environmental information alters small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm and in turn can induce alterations of metabolic and behavioral phenotypes of the next generation. However, the potential mediators of the effects remain to be elucidated. A great diversity of environmental insults and stresses can convergently induce the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sperm; nonetheless, it remains unclear whether ROS mediates the biogenesis of sncRNAs in sperm and participates in the reprogramming of offspring phenotypes. Here, we show that ROS could induce the alteration of sncRNA profiles in sperm, especially for transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) and ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (rsRNAs). Zygotic injection of 29-34 nt RNA fractions (predominantly tsRNAs and rsRNAs) from oxidative stress (OS) sperm could induce depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in male offspring. Moreover, zygotic injection with synthetic RNAs partially resembled OS sperm-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in offspring. Male offspring maintained on a chow diet was found to develop impaired glucose tolerance and hyperactive hepatic gluconeogenesis, accompanied by the upregulation of hepatic gluconeogenic and lipolytic genes. Together, our results have shown that ROS-induced alteration of sncRNA profiles in sperm contributes to the alterations of behavioral and metabolic phenotypes of the offspring.
Analysis Deformation Failure Characteristics and the Energy Evolution of Varying Lithologies under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Liu Jianqiang , Qin Guangpeng , Cao Jing , Zhai Minghua
Published: June 2022

Deep underground engineering often utilizes cyclic loading. To understand the deformation and damage characteristics of rock under cyclic loading conditions, cyclic loading tests of three different specimens with varying lithology were performed. The dissipated energy method was used to analyze the magnitude of damage and rock failure characteristics during the energy evolution process of cube specimens. The results indicated that the modulus of elasticity of three lithologies were stable prior and subsequent to cyclic loading. While the cyclic loading profile improved the rock’s resistance to deformation, it increased the internal mesostructure defects. Rock damage caused by the cyclic loading reduced the uniaxial compression strength. This was especially true for coal samples. For coal samples, these observations were consistent with internal coal damage calculated by analysis. Under the same lithology and different loading modes, rock damage was caused by cyclic action, and the elastic strain energy released by instantaneous unloading of rock samples with significant damage was reduced. The rupture magnitude for cyclic loading was observed to be less than that of uniaxial compression. Under cyclic loading and varying different lithologies, sandstone absorbed the most energy, resulting in a larger final fracture magnitude compared to other lithologies.
Effect of Exposure to Acidic Food Items on Dentin Characteristics: An ATR-FTIR Study
Authors: Alebrahim Mohammad A. , Al-Hiyasat Ahmad S. , Rajjash Ali S. Ba
Published: June 2022

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for unraveling the fine features of dentin; however, its use in the analysis of eroded dentin remains underexplored. Herein, the impact of different acidic food products (a soft drink, vinegar, and yogurt) on dentin was investigated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The durations of exposure were one, three, and seven days. One-way and two-way analyses of variance were employed to analyze differences in mean values among groups, followed by Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests. After exposure, the mineral-to-matrix ratio in the three media was significantly lower than that in the control group. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and extent of crosslinking increased considerably after exposure to all media; however, the crystallinity index values decreased relative to that in the control group. These findings imply that ATR-FTIR may be an effective noninvasive technique for detecting erosion-induced changes in dentin, having a significant clinical impact on dental care.
A Case of Anti-Jo-1 Myositis with Unique Biopsy Findings
Authors: Zulfiqar Beenish , Aksionav Pavel , Bittar Mohamad , Chapman Cathy
Published: June 2022

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) or anti-Jo-1 antibody syndrome has a classic clinical presentation including arthritis, myositis, interstitial lung disease, mechanic hands, and/or Raynaud’s phenomenon. The biopsy findings are distinctive from polymyositis or dermatomyositis. We describe an interesting case of ASS where a patient presented with significant muscle weakness, proteinuria, and interstitial lung disease. She also had positive Ro-52 antibodies in addition to anti-Jo-1 antibodies. Her biopsy findings were consistent with inflammatory necrotizing myositis.
Saliva and Lung Microbiome Associations with Electronic Cigarette Use and Smoking
Authors: Ying Kevin L. , Brasky Theodore M. , Freudenheim Jo L. , McElroy Joseph P. , Nickerson Quentin A. , Song Min-Ae , Weng Daniel Y. , Wewers Mark D. , Whiteman Noah B. , Mathe Ewy A. , Shields Peter G.
Published: June 2022

The microbiome has increasingly been linked to cancer. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in smokers, and even less for electronic cigarette (EC) users, compared with never-smokers. In a cross-sectional study (n = 28) of smokers, EC users, and never-smokers, bronchoalveolar lavage and saliva samples underwent metatranscriptome profiling to examine associations with lung and oral microbiomes. Pairwise comparisons assessed differentially abundant bacteria species. Total bacterial load was similar between groups, with no differences in bacterial diversity across lung microbiomes. In lungs, 44 bacteria species differed significantly (FDR < 0.1) between smokers/never-smokers, with most decreased in smokers. Twelve species differed between smokers/EC users, all decreased in smokers of which Neisseria sp. KEM232 and Curvibacter sp. AEP1-3 were observed. Among the top five decreased species in both comparisons, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria sicca, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were observed. In the oral microbiome, 152 species were differentially abundant for smokers/never-smokers, and 17 between smokers/electronic cigarette users, but only 21 species were differentially abundant in both the lung and oral cavity. EC use is not associated with changes in the lung microbiome compared with never-smokers, indicating EC toxicity does not affect microbiota. Statistically different bacteria in smokers compared with EC users and never-smokers were almost all decreased, potentially due to toxic effects of cigarette smoke. The low numbers of overlapping oral and lung microbes suggest that the oral microbiome is not a surrogate for analyzing smoking-related effects in the lung.

Prevention Relevance:

The microbiome affects cancer and other disease risk. The effects of e-cig usage on the lung microbiome are essentially unknown. Given the importance of lung microbiome dysbiosis populated by oral species which have been observed to drive lung cancer progression, it is important to study effects of e-cig use on microbiome.
A morte e o corpo dos xamãs nas narrativas siona
Authors: Langdon E. Jean
Published: June 2022

The work examines the relation between representations of the body and notions of death arnong the Siona Indians, a Western Tukanoan group of the Colombian Amazon Basin. Of particular focus is the corporality of shamanic power, which not only enables the shaman to mediate between the invisible and visible realities of the Siona universe, but which also pennits an immortal existence, as opposed to that of the common person. Six narratives which relate the destiny of sharnans bodies and souls are presented as exemples of the possibilities of immortality. Finally, the paper analyzes Siona notions of death and afterlife in view of discussions on the topic concerning other Tukanoan groups, in particular that of Reichel-Dohnatoff for the Desana and that of Cipolletti for the Siona-Secoya. Focus on the body and on shamans characteristic of Tukanoan cosmology.
Os primeiros aldeamentos na província de Goiás: Bororo e kayapó na estrada do anhanguera
Authors: Oro Ari Pedro
Published: June 2022

A characteristic of modernity is the transnationalization of goods and of culture, including religion. This text shows how this occurs in the Cone-Sul involving Afro-Brazil ian Religions and Brazilian Neo-Pentecostal churches which spread out from Rio Grande do Sul accross national borders to neighboring countries in the La Plata region. After a consideration of the empirical data available about the expansion of these two religious groups to Argentina and Uruguay, we will review explanations furnished by researchers on this theme.
From Strangers to Friends: Tie Formations and Online Activities in an Evolving Social Network
Authors: Ameri Mina , Honka Elisabeth , Xie Ying
Published: June 2022

The authors study how strangers become friends within an evolving online social network. By modeling the coevolution of individual users’ friendship tie formations (when and with whom) and their concurrent online activities, the authors uncover important drivers underlying individuals’ friendship decisions and, at the same time, quantify the resulting peer effects on individuals’ actions. They estimate their model using a novel data set capturing the continuous development of a network and users’ entire action histories within the network. The results reveal that similarity (homophily) with a potential friend, the properties of a potential friend's network, and the potential friend’s domain expertise all play a role in friendship formation. Via prediction exercises, the authors find that stimulating anime watching is the most effective sitewide intervention, which leads to the highest overall site traffic and the largest number of active users, and that recommending a friend of a friend as a potential friend is the most effective strategy in stimulating friendship tie formation. In contrast to the common finding for static networks, the results indicate that seeding to users with the most friends is not the most effective strategy to increase users’ activity levels in an evolving network.
Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout, and their associations with anxiety and depression in UK police officers: A mixed method analysis
Authors: Davies Lucy E , Brooks Matthew , Braithwaite Elizabeth C
Published: June 2022

Professional quality of life (ProQoL) variables, compassion fatigue (CF), compassion satisfaction (CS) and burnout are understudied in the police population. Here, we examine any associations between ProQoL and anxiety, depression and personal QoL. Study 1: A cross-sectional survey ( N = 100) demonstrated CF and burnout are significantly associated with higher anxiety and depression, whereas CS is significantly associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptomology. When controlling for CS, CF is still significantly associated with higher anxiety and depression. Study 2: Semi-structured interviews ( N = 6) revealed themes of perceived awareness and personal impacts of ProQoL. Police interventions should focus on ProQoL variables as the root cause of common mental health complaints.
Reaching Up to the Mind of Lonergan: The Contribution of Robert M. Doran, SJ (1939–2021)
Authors: Dadosky John D.
Published: June 2022

Robert M. Doran, who died in early 2021, made prolific and important contributions to Lonergan studies, especially arguing for some creative innovations and practical applications. Notably, he integrated a psychological component into Lonergan’s notion of conversion. Moreover, his vision for Catholic theology was global, and he sought creatively to engage the tradition with the complex contemporary situation. Doran’s intellectual developments can be divided into four areas: (1) the early work up to his tome Theology and the Dialectics of History, (2) the turn to systematic theology, (3) the implementation of a systematics, and (4) hermeneutic innovations of Lonergan’s thought. The first three are chronological, but this article will also highlight key innovations of Lonergan’s thought from Doran’s intellectual development along the way.
How Does Mobile Social Media Sharing Benefit Travel Experiences?
Authors: Chen Ye , Liu Yuqing , Wu Laurie , Li Xiang (Robert)
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the impact of tourists’ travel experience sharing via mobile social media (MSM) on perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement and tourists’ post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. We also examined how two self-enhancement tendencies, self-promotion and self-protection, moderate the relationship between tourists’ MSM travel experience sharing and their perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement as well as post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. A moderated moderation analysis revealed that MSM involvement can condition how tourists’ tendencies for self-promotion moderate the effect of tourists’ travel experience sharing via MSM on their perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement. This moderated moderation pattern was similar for the relationship between travel experience sharing via MSM and tourists’ post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided based on the findings.
Rich cities, poor countryside? Social structure of the poor and poverty risks in urban and rural places in an affluent country
Authors: Hümbelin Oliver , Hobi Lukas , Fluder Robert
Published: June 2022

This paper contributes to the field of regional poverty literature by using linked tax data to examine poverty in a large district in Switzerland with one million inhabitants and rural and urban parts. We measure poverty using income and asset-based approaches. Our regional comparison of the social structure of the poor shows that poor people in rural areas are more likely to be of retirement age. Among the workforce, the share of poor is larger for those who work in agriculture compared to those working in industry or the service sector. In urban areas, the poor are more often freelancers and people of foreign origin. Despite where they live, people with little education, single parents, and people working in gastronomy/tourism are disproportionately often poor. We then use a random forest based variable importance assessment to clarify whether the importance of poverty risks factors differs in urban and rural locations. It shows little regional differences among the major poverty risk factors, and it demonstrates that the opportunity structure, like density of workplaces or aggravated access in mountain areas, seem to be of minor importance compared to risk factors that relate to the immediate social situation.
Nudging COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake by Changing the Default: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tentori Katya , Pighin Stefania , Giovanazzi Giulia , Grignolio Andrea , Timberlake Benjamin , Ferro Antonio
Published: June 2022

Background

Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is considered the central strategy against the pandemic, uptake lags behind target rates.

Method

To explore whether this rate could be enhanced by a nudging strategy that exploits the status quo bias, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in northern Italy comparing vaccination acceptance among 2000 adults, ages 50 to 59 years, who were either invited to set an appointment (opt-in group) or assigned an individual appointment (opt-out group).

Results

Results indicate a difference of 3.2 percentage points, which represents a 32% relative increase in the vaccination rate for the opt-out group compared with the opt-in group.

Conclusions

A significant portion of those who remain unvaccinated may not hold strong beliefs against vaccination but rather tend to inaction and may therefore be nudged toward vaccination with a reduction of action required.

Highlights

Reluctant adults (50-59 years), who had not yet received vaccines against COVID-19, were sent letters announcing appointment availability In an RCT, the status quo option in the notices influenced the rate of vaccine acceptance Nudging via pre-scheduled appointments encouraged vaccine uptake more than invitations to schedule did Switching the default option yielded a 32% relative increase (13.1% vs. 9.9%) in vaccination
Computable Phenotype of a Crohn’s Disease Natural History Model
Authors: Kurowski Jacob A. , Achkar Jean-Paul , Sugano David , Milinovich Alex , Ji Xinge , Bauman Janine , Griffin Keyonna R. , Kattan Michael W.
Published: June 2022

Background

Analytic tools to study important clinical issues in complex, chronic diseases such as Crohn’s disease (CD) include randomized trials, claims database studies, or small longitudinal epidemiologic cohorts. Using natural language processing (NLP), we sought to define the computable phenotype health state of pediatric and adult CD and develop patient-level longitudinal histories for health outcomes.

Methods

We defined 6 health states for CD using a subjective symptom-based assessment (symptomatic/asymptomatic) and an objective disease state assessment (active/inactive/no testing). Gold standard for the 6 health states was derived using an iterative process during review by our CD experts. We calculated the transition probabilities to estimate the time to transitions between the various health states using nonparametric Kaplan-Meier estimation and a Markov model. Finally, we determined a standard utility measure from clinical patients assigned to different health states.

Results

The NLP computable phenotype health state model correctly ascertained the objective test results and symptoms 96% and 85% of the time, respectively, based on a blinded chart evaluation. In our model, >25% of patients who begin as asymptomatic/active transition to symptomatic/active over the following year. For both adult and pediatric CD health states, the utility assessments of a symptomatic/inactive health state closely resembled a symptomatic/active health state.

Conclusions

Our methodology for a computable phenotype health state demonstrates the application of real-world data to define progression and optimal management of a chronic disease such as CD. The application of the model has the potential to lead to a better understanding of the true impact of a therapeutic intervention and can provide long-term cost-effectiveness analyses for a new therapy.

Highlights

Using natural language processing, we defined the computable phenotype health state of Crohn’s disease and developed patient-level longitudinal histories for health outcomes. Our methodology demonstrates the application of real-world data to define the progression of a chronic disease. The application of the model has the potential to provide better understanding of the true impact of a new therapy.
COVID-19 and Injury Severity of Drivers Involved in Run-Off-Road Crashes: Analyzing the Impact of Contributing Factors
Authors: Mokhtarimousavi Seyedmirsajad , Kitali Angela E. , Anderson Jason C. , Alluri Priyanka , Mehrabi Armin
Published: June 2022

This study examined the relationship between the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic and the severity of injuries sustained by drivers involved in run-off-road (ROR) crashes. A random parameter ordered logit (RPOL) modeling framework was utilized to account for the ordinal nature of severity outcome and capture the potential unobserved heterogeneity. The data used in this study contained ROR crashes that occurred in the state of Florida from April to September for 2019 and 2020 representing non-pandemic and pandemic time periods, respectively. Separate driver injury severity models were developed across the two time periods, and the overall stability of the model estimates was examined through likelihood ratio tests. The impacts of various potential contributing factors, including crash-, driver-, and vehicle-related variables, roadway geometric characteristics, environmental conditions, and traffic-specific factors, were assessed. Although the developed models share some common features, the analysis results showed that the model specifications indicated a strong temporal instability among the estimated parameters. Compared to the non-pandemic period, the following variables resulted in increased driver injury severity in ROR crashes during the pandemic: drivers 65 years or older, careless driving, and absence of traffic control devices.
Exploring Public Perception Toward Travel and COVID-19 Preventive Measures: Insights From the Early Stages of Lockdown in India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kinjal , Dandapat Saurabh , Kiran Annam Sai , Saysardar Kaustubh , Maitra Bhargab
Published: June 2022

The paper reports evidence related to peoples’ perceptions and attitude during the early stages of COVID-19 related lockdown in India in four major aspects: strategies and preventive measures, long-distance travel, essential services, and post-lockdown travel. A five-stage survey instrument was designed and circulated through various online modes to make it convenient to the respondents and also to achieve a greater geographical coverage within a short period of time. The survey responses were analyzed using statistical tools and the results are translated into potential policy recommendations which may be useful to implement effective interventions during future pandemics of similar nature. The findings highlight a high rate of awareness among the people about the COVID-19, lack of supply of protective equipment such as masks, gloves, and personal protective equipment kits during the early stage of lockdown in India. However, several heterogeneities were also observed across a few socio-economic groups which emphasize the need for targeted campaigns in a diverse country such as India. The findings also suggest the need for arranging safe and hygienic long-distance trips for a section of the society when such lockdown measures are extended for long periods. The observations related to mode choice preferences during the post-lockdown recovery period indicate a potential shift of public transport patronage to the personal modes.
Closure of the Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Harvest Site for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cole Wendell W. , Saraf Shreya M. , Stamm Michaela , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft is a commonly used and effective graft option for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Surgical techniques vary, and there is no current standard of care for management of the QT autograft harvest site.

Purpose:

To examine the literature on patient-reported outcomes and complications after ACLR with a QT autograft and to further clarify the frequency with which the harvest site is closed and potential biomechanical implications.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed using multiple medical databases. Level 1 to 4 studies on patients undergoing ACLR with a QT autograft were included. There were 2 independent reviewers who analyzed all studies. Study quality was analyzed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies checklist.

Results:

Overall, 13 studies with a total of 650 patients were included. The mean patient age for all studies was 31 years (range, 14-59 years) with a mean follow-up of 21.2 months (range, 6-84 months). Of the 13 studies, 12 studies (92%) documented patient sex, comprising 331 female patients (55%) and 274 male patients (45%). There were 8 studies (62%) that reported the use of a bony QT autograft in 273 patients, and 5 studies (38%) reported the use of a soft tissue QT autograft in 377 patients. The graft length harvested was most commonly 7 to 8 cm, while the tendon width harvested was 10 mm. Moreover, 5 studies (38%) did not discuss closure of the harvest site, while 2 studies (15%) only closed the harvest site if a capsular rent was present. The surgical technique for harvest-site closure varied when reported in 7 studies (54%). Good to excellent clinical outcomes were reported in 80% of patients when the harvest site was closed.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, there is no consensus on whether the QT defect should be closed after harvesting the graft for ACLR. It has been reported that closure of the harvest site is performed if there is a capsular rent present. Several techniques are utilized to close the QT autograft harvest site; however, it is unclear if there is a difference in outcomes based on the technique used. Future studies should further clarify whether there are any biomechanical and clinical advantages to closing the QT autograft harvest site.
Free vibration analysis of polymer pin-reinforced foam core sandwich composite panels
Authors: Shishir Md Asif Rezwan , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Cai Deng’an , Wang Xinwei , Xu Qinghua
Published: June 2022

This study deals with numerical and experimental free vibration analysis of through-the-thickness cylindrical polymer pin-reinforced foam core sandwich composite panels of two different core thicknesses. Four different pin-reinforcement configurations with varying pin diameters and pin center distances were used. First five non-zero eigenfrequencies were retrieved along with their eigenmodes in the numerical analysis. Experimental modal analysis was done for the validation of the numerical analysis. The results revealed that the pin-configuration with the densest pin allocation and the biggest pin diameter provided the highest natural frequencies, and the non-reinforced composites had the lowest natural frequencies. The increase in the pin diameter had a slightly more pronounced effect on the increase of the eigenfrequencies than the increase in the pin’s densities. This work also demonstrated the impact of the core thickness on the natural frequencies.
Exposing the Secret: Listening to Bedouin Men Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence
Authors: Manor-Binyamini Iris , Schreiber-Divon Michal
Published: June 2022

There are few indigenous men’s voices regarding sexual violence against them, particularly concerning Bedouin men’s views. How do Bedouin men who have experienced SV describe, perceive, and interpret their experiences in their cultural context? Seventeen Bedouin men, residents of either recognized or unrecognized Bedouin settlements in the Negev, Israel. Phenomenological semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then translated into English. Themes were generated using thematic analysis. Three main themes were found: descriptions of the incidents, reactions to the experiences, and the need for keeping incidents of SV secret due to the stigma involved as a result of patriarchal, political (i.e., tribal hierarchy), and private (i.e., family loyalty) norms, and the matrix of multiple and often conflicting roles and identities that Bedouin men must assume despite their experiences. The incidence of SV against men in the Bedouin community is alarming and must be acknowledged by the research community and public health practitioners as a serious health issue that requires more holistic research to better understand the men’s experiences. More efforts are needed on the local, regional, and global levels to provide post-violence care for survivors and to prevent SV. In particular, there is a need to reduce the stigma associated with SV so that young men will be willing to speak up about their trauma without shame and receive help.
Stressors and Pain across the Late-Life Span: Findings from Two Parent Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Health
Authors: Brennan Penny L.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The objective is to determine associations between stressors and pain across the late-life span.

Method:

Multilevel linear modeling was applied separately to harmonized repeated measures data from the Longitudinal Late-Life Health study (LLLH; n = 342; 13-year interval) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 2959; 8-year interval).

Results:

In both the LLLH and HRS samples, independent of age, gender, and race, participants with higher average stressor levels experienced more numerous painful conditions and higher pain severity over the study intervals. In the HRS sample, they also experienced higher levels of pain interference. In general, participants’ stressor levels did not influence rates of increase in their pain. Gender and race had few moderating effects on associations between stressors and pain.

Discussion:

Stressors and pain are associated across the late-life span. Future research should focus on the mediating mechanisms that account for this association and the moderating factors that affect its strength.
POWES is pronounced “feminist”: Negotiating academic and activist boundaries in the talk of UK feminist psychologists
Authors: Donnelly Lois C. , Hubbard Katherine , Capdevila Rose
Published: June 2022

The Psychology of Women and Equalities Section (POWES) of the British Psychological Society (BPS) accounts for much of the feminist action in British psychology and beyond. In this qualitative study, we use discursively informed thematic analysis to examine a set of eleven in-depth interviews to explore the everyday experiences of feminists within academic spaces in and around the discipline of psychology in the United Kingdom. Three research questions addressing the boundary between activism and academia; the provision of support; and differing approaches to knowledge production were investigated. Our findings highlight the role of POWES as a feminist community as well as the conceptual importance of notions of home, work, and fun. Moreover, the paper examines the ways traditional conceptions of scientific rigour continue to haunt feminist spaces, as does the invisibility of emotional labour. Overall, our findings indicate that the place of feminist academic communities remains vital to sustain critical thought and action: having an intellectual “home” is pivotal to the survival of feminist psychology as well as feminists in psychology.
The effect of community-acquired pneumonia on myocardial injury in systemic lupus erythematosus: Insights from cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Cui Beibei , Pu Huaxia , Liu Jing , He Wenzhang , Zhou Yi , Xiaoyue Zhou  , Lin Hui , Peng Liqing
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Myocardial injury (MInj) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been observed in several studies. However, clinical predictors of MInj remain unclear. We aim to explore the effects of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on MInj in SLE patients according to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping.

Methods

SLE patients with or without CAP and healthy controls underwent CMR screening. The CMR protocol included: cines, T1- and T2 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Clinical characteristics, CMR findings, and T1 mapping measuremments were compared between subgroups. Clinical assessment was performed on the subjects.

Results

Thirty-eight SLE patients were screened, including 18 patients with CAP (CAP group) and 20 age- and gender-matched patients without CAP (non-CAP group) as well as 26 healthy controls. The platelet count of CAP group was higher than the non-CAP group ( p = 0.015). Compared with the health control group, native T1 was higher in the CAP group ( p < 0.001) and the non-CAP group ( p = 0.002). ECV was higher in the CAP group ( p < 0.001) and the non-CAP group ( p = 0.002). The LV ejection fraction ( p = 0.049) and RV ejection fraction ( p = 0.026) of the CAP group was lower than that of the healthy control group, whereas no significant difference was observed between non-CAP and healthy control groups.

Conclusions

This is the first study that assesses the effects of CAP on MInj of SLE patients by CMRI T1 mapping. We highlight SLE patients with CAP who are at increased risk of MInj, manifesting as myocardial inflammation, diffuse myocardial fibrosis, and decreased ventricular function.
Hospice Transitions From the Perspective of the Caregiver: A Qualitative Study and Development of a Preliminary Hospice Transition Checklist
Authors: Prater Laura , Takagi-Stewart Julian , Hogan Tory H. , Moss Karen O. , Anjum Phillip , Lockwood Bethany , Bose-Brill Seuli
Published: June 2022

Background: Relative to curative and traditional care delivery, hospice care has been associated with superior end of life (EOL) outcomes for both patient and caregiver. Still, comprehensive orientation and caregiver preparation for the transition to hospice is variable and often inadequate. From the perspective of the caregiver, it is unclear what information would better prepare them to support the transition of their loved one to hospice. Objectives: Our two sequential objectives were: 1) Explore caregivers’ experiences and perceptions on the transition of their loved one to hospice; and 2) Develop a preliminary checklist of considerations for a successful transition. Design: We conducted semi-structured interviews and used a descriptive inductive/deductive thematic analysis to identify themes. Subjects: 19 adult caregivers of patients across the United States who had enrolled in hospice and died in the year prior (January – December 2019). Measurements: An interview guide was iteratively developed based on prior literature and expanded through collaborative coding and group discussion. Results: Four key themes for inclusion in our framework emerged: hospice intake, preparedness, burden of care and hospice resources. Conclusions: Focusing on elements of our preliminary checklist, such as educating families on goals of hospice or offering opportunities for respite care, into the orientation procedures may be opportunities to improve satisfaction with the transition and the entirety of the hospice experience. Future directions include testing the effectiveness of the checklist and adapting for expanded poputlations.
On stability of SDOF systems with delayed position and velocity feedback
Authors: Hernández-Villa Luis , Melchor-Aguilar Daniel
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the stability problem of a single-degree-of freedom system with delayed position and velocity feedback, which can be found in the modeling of several engineering problems in control and vibration. For this class of delay system, we derive some necessary and sufficient conditions for delay-dependent exponential stability. These conditions determine a region in the feedback gains space for assuring the delay-dependent exponential stability. We show how the results can be applied to control and delayed resonator (DR) problems.
Longitudinal vibration characteristics analysis of nonlocal rod structure with arbitrary internal elastic supports
Authors: Xu Deshui , Lu Jun , Zhang Kun , Li Pengzhou , Sun Lei
Published: June 2022

This manuscript obtained an exact solution for longitudinal vibrating characteristics of generally restrained nanorod structure with multiple internal elastic supports via an improved Fourier series method. Due to the nonlocal elasticity theory, the general boundary restraints have been formulated by introducing artificial springs. Then, classical boundary conditions can be easily realized by setting the restrained stiffness to zero or infinity accordingly. Energy formulation is derived for describing longitudinal vibration characteristics of generally restrained nanorod with multiple internal elastic supports. To improve the differential continuities at the elastically restrained boundary, nonlocal longitudinal vibrating displacement is expanded as the standard Fourier series combined with auxiliary polynomials, which makes the field function sufficiently smooth in the calculation region. By making use Rayleigh–Ritz procedure, the unknown coefficients can be obtained by solving the standard eigenvalue matrix. Then, numerical results are presented and compared with those in the literature to illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of the current model. The influence of parameters of the multiple internal elastic supports, nonlocal structural parameters, and boundary restraints on vibration characteristics are discussed and analyzed. This study provides an effective method for predicting longitudinal vibration characteristics of a generally restrained nanorod with multiple internal elastic supports, in which the nanorod has complex boundary and coupling conditions.
Jane Addams’s Pragmatist Method Extended: Care Work Between Abstract Rules and Situated Practice
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar
Published: June 2022

Although Jane Addams has long been recognized as a pioneer in North American pragmatism, efforts to develop her thought into a distinct research program have been limited. This article develops Addams’s work as a method of sociological inquiry by focusing on her notions of “perplexity,” “moral adjustment,” and “sympathetic understanding.” Emphasizing the essential role of language in moral conflicts and reconstruction, the article incorporates Charles Wright Mills’s concept of “vocabularies of motives.” Together, these notions offer a framework for exploring the moral dilemmas that care workers experience when responding to the imposition of standardization of their working practices. A case study demonstrates how care workers, while coping creatively with the effects of a service reform, develop motive vocabularies in defense of their professional ethics. Such situated creativity on “the shop floor” of social services remains relatively under-explored and under-theorized.
The Seven Ages of an Academic Man? (First)
Authors: Badley Graham Francis
Published: June 2022

I use headings from Shakespeare’s Seven Ages of Man speech to structure a narrative about an academic’s progress through his own seven ages.
Symptom Profiles, But Not Prefrontal Neurochemistry, Differentiate ADHD Youth With and Without a Family History of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Chen Constance , Tallman Maxwell J. , Cecil Kim M. , Patino Luis Rodrigo , Blom Thomas J. , DelBello Melissa P. , McNamara Robert K.
Published: June 2022

Objective: To identify clinical and central features that differentiate ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD). Methods: Psychostimulant-free ADHD youth (10–18 years) with and without a first-degree relative with BD and healthy controls were enrolled. Bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) scans and a range of symptom ratings were performed. Results: A total of n = 145 youth were enrolled. ADHD youth with a family history of BD exhibited greater manic and depressive symptom severity, ADHD hyperactivity/impulsive symptom severity, and higher parent-reported ratings of dysregulation compared with ADHD youth without a BD family history. Although VLPFC metabolite levels did not differ across groups, choline levels in the left VLPFC correlated with different symptom ratings. Conclusion: Symptom profiles including more severe mood and externalizing symptoms, but not VLPFC neurochemistry, differentiate psychostimulant-free ADHD youth with and without a family history of BD.
Impact of question topics and filter question formats on web survey breakoffs
Authors: Chen Zeming , Cernat Alexandru , Shlomo Natalie , Eckman Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Web surveys have become increasingly popular over the last decade, but they tend to suffer from breakoffs, which take place when respondents start the survey but do not complete it. Many studies have investigated the factors impacting breakoffs, but they often ignored the breakoff timing and gave scant attention to two factors: question topics and filter question formats (grouped vs. interleafed as defined by whether filter questions are presented upfront or not). Using survival analysis, this study first identifies when breakoffs are more likely to happen and what are the time-varying predictors of breakoffs. Then, by using a web survey that experimentally manipulates the filter question format and randomly orders the question topic, this study investigates the effect of question topics and filter question formats on the breakoff event and its timing. We find that most breakoffs tend to happen at the beginning of the questionnaire and at the place where a new question topic is introduced. While item nonresponse is associated with more breakoffs, it is surprising to see that open-ended and long questions are associated with a lower breakoff risk. Additionally, we discover that grouping the filter questions leads to fewer breakoffs at the beginning compared to the interleafed counterpart, but the breakoff risk in the grouped format catches up quickly when respondents realise their previous answers will trigger more questions. This study also shows that questions about insurance have more breakoffs while questions on demographics and income have fewer breakoffs despite their sensitivity level.
A study on the use of fundamental antisymmetric-like guided wave for health monitoring of elastic–viscoelastic bilayer structures
Authors: Ghose Bikash , Panda Rabi S , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the ultrasonic guided wave propagation in an elastic–viscoelastic (steel–rubber) bilayer structure. 2D finite element models are developed in the frequency domain to simulate the wave propagation in the steel–rubber bilayer structure. The guided wave A0 mode is generated in the bilayer with a contact L-wave probe and detected with an out-of-plane laser vibrometer. Several wave features, such as amplitude, phase velocity and phase delay, are measured and compared to determine the characteristic changes of the A0 wave mode in the steel layer alone as well as in the bilayer structure. Studies are also performed for the bilayer structure when excited from the steel and rubber surfaces. The amplitude and phase velocity of the A0 mode are reduced in the bilayer compared to the steel layer alone. The phase velocity of the A0 wave mode in the bilayer does not depend on the viscoelastic properties of the rubber layer, rather depends only on the elastic properties of the rubber layer. The viscoelastic rubber layer in the bilayer structure does not sustain any independent wave mode; instead, it carries the A0 mode of the steel layer alone as a modified A0 wave mode in the bilayer structure. A parametric numerical study of the viscoelasticity of the rubber layer in the bilayer structure shows that the attenuation of the modified A0 mode in the bilayer is more affected by the bulk S-wave attenuation than the bulk L-wave attenuation. The rate of attenuation of the modified A0 mode in the bilayer is faster on the rubber surface than on the steel surface. A study on the A0 wave mode interaction with the interfacial disbond between steel and rubber layers is also carried out.
The Perfect Fit
Authors: Delgado Laura , Tenuta Gina , Davenport Leslie
Published: June 2022

Decisions about hiring are never easy, especially in education. Sharpwood Elementary School has an open teaching position and the principal is charged with hiring the best candidate. The principal knows that a diverse teaching staff benefits all stakeholders in a school, especially students, and he wants to honor that expectation. The staff really like their current student teacher and would love to offer her the position, but she identifies as White. This case study examines the complexity of hiring a candidate that meets the needs of the school community, including staff, students, and families. The principal and staff are faced with a decision that will likely impact the school for years to come. Which candidate should they hire?
How negative emotions affect young and older adults’ numerosity estimation performance
Authors: Fabre Ludovic , Melani Paola , Lemaire Patrick
Published: June 2022

In this study, we investigated the influence of negative emotions on numerosity estimation and whether this influence changes with aging during adulthood. Young and older adults were asked to estimate and compare the numerosity of collections of elements (cars or dots) with a two-digit number. Collections of elements were preceded by emotionally neutral (e.g., mushrooms) or emotionally negative (e.g., a corpse) pictures. Stimuli were easier (i.e., small-ratio) or harder (i.e., large-ratio) items. Young and older participants obtained similar numerosity estimation performance. Interestingly, participants were less accurate under negative emotions than under neutral emotions when they estimated numerosity of collections of abstract elements (i.e., dots). In contrast, participants improved their performance under negative emotions while estimating collections of non-abstract, daily-life elements (i.e., cars). These findings have important implications for furthering our understanding of the role of negative emotions in numerosity estimation and age-related differences therein.
Treatment of posterior circulation stroke: Acute management and secondary prevention
Authors: Markus Hugh S , Michel Patrik
Published: June 2022

One-fifth of strokes occur in the territory of the posterior circulation, but their management, particularly acute reperfusion therapy and neurointervention procedures for secondary prevention, has received much less attention than similar interventions for the anterior circulation. In this review, we overview the treatment of posterior circulation stroke, including both interventions in the acute setting and secondary prevention. We focus on areas in which the management of posterior circulation stroke differs from that of stroke in general and highlight recent advances.

Effectiveness of acute revascularization of posterior circulation strokes remains in large parts unproven. Thrombolysis seems to have similar benefits and lower hemorrhage risks than in the anterior circulation. The recent ATTENTION and BAOCHE trials have demonstrated that thrombectomy benefits strokes with basilar artery occlusion, but its effect on other posterior occlusion sites remains uncertain. Ischemic and hemorrhagic space-occupying cerebellar strokes can benefit from decompressive craniectomy.

Secondary prevention of posterior circulation strokes includes aggressive treatment of cerebrovascular risk factors with both drugs and lifestyle interventions and short-term dual anti-platelet therapy. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data suggest basilar artery stenosis is better treated with medical therapy than stenting, which has a high peri-procedural risk. Limited data from RCTs in stenting for vertebral stenosis suggest that intracranial stenosis is currently best treated with medical therapy alone; the situation for extracranial stenosis is less clear where stenting for symptomatic stenosis is an option, particularly for recurrent symptoms; larger RCTs are required in this area.