bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Electrical Discharge Machining Process Parameters of the Nimonic C263 Superalloy: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Shastri Renu Kiran , Mohanty Chinmaya Prasad , Mishra Umakant , Hotta Tapano Kumar , Patil Viraj Vishwas , Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss
Published: June 2024

Engineers continue to be concerned about electrical discharge-machined components’ high energy consumption, machining debris, and poor dimensional precision. The aim of this research is to propose a hybrid neuro-genetic approach to improve the machinability of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of the Nimonic C263 superalloy. This approach focuses on reducing the energy consumption and negative environmental impacts. The material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (EWR), specific energy consumption (SEC), surface roughness (Ra), machining debris (db), and circularity (C) are examined as a function of machining parameters such as the voltage (V), pulse on time (Ton), current (I), duty factor (τ), and electrode type. By employing the VIKOR method, all the responses are transformed into a distinctive VIKOR index (VI). Neuro-genetic methods (a hybrid VIKOR-based ANN-GA) can further enhance the best possible result from the VIKOR index. During this step, the hybrid technique (VIKOR-based ANN-GA) is used to estimate an overall improvement of 9.87% in the response, and an experiment is conducted to confirm this condition of optimal machining. This work is competent enough to provide aeroengineers with an energy-efficient, satisfying workplace by lowering the machining costs and increasing productivity.
Comparative Analysis of CO2 Emissions, Fuel Consumption, and Fuel Costs of Diesel and Hybrid Dredger Ship Engines
Authors: Skoko Ivica , Stanivuk Tatjana , Franic Branko , Bozic Diana
Published: June 2024

There is a consensus on the need to reduce the emissions of carbon compounds. The increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the maritime industry poses a serious challenge to environmental sustainability, climate change, and the operating costs of ships. This article shows how hybrid versus diesel propulsion technology for ships can help reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel consumption, and how these changes can be achieved. The need to reduce exhaust emissions and the increasing need for the shipping industry to seek alternative fuels means that existing regulations for marine engines and engine emissions are being updated almost constantly and new regulations are being formulated. The cost implications of the new regulations may lead to an increase in emissions as engines with lower fuel consumption are chosen, i.e., larger marine engines. Alternative approaches are needed to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption, which could ultimately lead to hybrid propulsion for ships. This paper examines the current state of greenhouse gas emissions in shipping by analyzing the CO2 emissions and operating costs of two ships of the same type with similar technical and technological characteristics and different propulsion systems to gain insight into the problem. This paper compares the reductions in CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, and fuel costs for two suction hopper dredgers with standard diesel and hybrid propulsion. The technical characteristics, CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, and price of the two ships were analyzed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each propulsion system. The novelty of this study is that two suction hopper dredgers from the same company with similar technical–technological characteristics but different propulsion systems were used for the case study and a mathematical procedure for calculating CO2 and other greenhouse gasses was presented in comparison, all to determine to what extent and in what way the hybrid propulsion system of a ship can contribute to reductions in CO2 emissions and fuel costs at the ship and company levels compared to a standard diesel propulsion system. This comparative analysis shows how much lower CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, and fuel cost savings can be expected when using a hybrid propulsion system compared to a standard diesel propulsion system. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the efficiency and environmental compatibility of the two systems.
Retrospective Analysis of Effective Management Strategies for Primary Amenorrhea of Reproductive Age in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bakhsh Hanadi
Published: June 2024

Primary amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation by age 15, can have significant implications for reproductive health and overall well-being. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various management strategies for primary amenorrhea among women of reproductive age in Saudi Arabia. Medical records of 63 eligible patients from 2018 to 2023 were analyzed, assessing diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and associated outcomes. The findings revealed that hormonal therapy was the most commonly employed management strategy (50.0%) and demonstrated the highest rate of achieving menstrual regularity (62.5%). Surgical interventions were utilized in 28.1% of cases, with a 50.0% rate of symptom resolution. Lifestyle modifications were less frequent (21.9%) but showed a moderate rate of symptom resolution (35.7%). Logistic regression analysis identified age, underlying etiology, and management strategy as significant predictors of treatment success. Subgroup analyses highlighted the efficacy of hormonal therapy and lifestyle modifications for genetic etiologies, while surgical interventions were more effective for anatomical causes. The study underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach and personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient characteristics. Despite limitations, the findings contribute to the understanding of optimal management strategies for primary amenorrhea and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in addressing this complex condition.
The Pathogenic Mechanism of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ma Rongrong , Zhu Bo , Xiong Jinbo , Chen Jiong
Published: June 2024

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a parasite in shrimp farming. EHP mainly parasitizes the hepatopancreas of shrimp, causing slow growth, which severely restricts the economic income of shrimp farmers. To explore the pathogenic mechanism of EHP, the host subcellular construction, molecular biological characteristics, and mitochondrial condition of Litopenaeus vannamei were identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), real-time qPCR, an enzyme assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that EHP spores, approximately 1 μm in size, were located on the cytoplasm of the hepatopancreas. The number of mitochondria increased significantly, and mitochondria morphology showed a condensed state in the high-concentration EHP-infected shrimp by TEM observation. In addition, there were some changes in mitochondrial potential, but apoptosis was not significantly different in the infected shrimp. The qPCR results showed that the gene expression levels of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase related to energy metabolism were both upregulated in the diseased L. vannamei. Enzymatic activity showed hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased in the shrimp infected with EHP, indicating EHP infection can increase the glycolysis process and decrease the oxidative phosphorylation process of L. vannamei. Previous transcriptomic data analysis results also support this conclusion.
Evaluation of a Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Scheme for Typing Ochrobactrum anthropi
Authors: Wu Yihan , Wang Liping , Hui Xiachun , Tian Guozhong
Published: June 2024

Ochrobactrum anthropi (O. anthropi) is found in water, soil, plants and animals. Even though it has low virulence, it has increasingly been found to cause a number of infectious diseases in people with low immunity. The identification of O. anthropi mainly uses biochemical methods, such as the API 20NE or Vitek-2. The typing studies of O. anthropi have mainly utilized PFGE, rep-PCR, AFLP, 16s rDNA sequencing, RecA-PCR RFLP, and MALDI-TOF MS. This study aims to evaluate the polymorphisms of variable-number tandem-repeats (VNTRs) within genomic DNA of O. anthropi strains. The tandem repeats (TRs) in genomic DNA are discovered using Tandem Repeat Finder software (version 4.09). Twelve different VNTRs are designated and assigned to the nomenclature. The primers for PCR of 12 loci are designed. The PCR product size is converted to the number of tandem repeats in every locus. The relatedness of 65 O. anthropi strains from geographically different countries are analyzed by means of 12-variable-number tandem-repeat analysis(MLVA-12). A total of 51 different genotypes are found in 65 O. anthropi strains. These strains, which were collected from the same environmental samples, hospitals, and countries, are clustered within the same or closely genotypes. The MLVA-12 assay has a good discriminatory power for species determination, typing of O. anthropi, and inferring the origin of bacteria.
Microbial Assessment in A Rare Norwegian Book Collection: A One Health Approach to Cultural Heritage
Authors: Sequeira Sílvia , Pasnak Ekaterina , Viegas Carla , Gomes Bianca , Dias Marta , Cervantes Renata , Pena Pedro , Twarużek Magdalena , Kosicki Robert , Viegas Susana , Caetano Liliana , Penetra Maria , Silva Inês , Caldeira Ana , Pinheiro Catarina
Published: June 2024

Microbial contamination poses a threat to both the preservation of library and archival collections and the health of staff and users. This study investigated the microbial communities and potential health risks associated with the UNESCO-classified Norwegian Sea Trade Archive (NST Archive) collection exhibiting visible microbial colonization and staff health concerns. Dust samples from book surfaces and the storage environment were analysed using culturing methods, qPCR, Next Generation Sequencing, and mycotoxin, cytotoxicity, and azole resistance assays. Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Cladosporium sp. were the most common fungi identified, with some potentially toxic species like Stachybotrys sp., Toxicladosporium sp., and Aspergillus section Fumigati. Fungal resistance to azoles was not detected. Only one mycotoxin, sterigmatocystin, was found in a heavily contaminated book. Dust extracts from books exhibited moderate to high cytotoxicity on human lung cells, suggesting a potential respiratory risk. The collection had higher contamination levels compared to the storage environment, likely due to improved storage conditions. Even though overall low contamination levels were obtained, these might be underestimated due to the presence of salt (from cod preservation) that could have interfered with the analyses. This study underlines the importance of monitoring microbial communities and implementing proper storage measures to safeguard cultural heritage and staff well-being.
Symbiodiniaceae and Ruegeria sp. Co-Cultivation to Enhance Nutrient Exchanges in Coral Holobiont
Authors: Liu Yawen , Wu Huan , Shu Yang , Hua Yanying , Fu Pengcheng
Published: June 2024

The symbiotic relationship between corals and their associated microorganisms is crucial for the health of coral reef eco-environmental systems. Recently, there has been a growing interest in unraveling how the manipulation of symbiont nutrient cycling affects the stress tolerance in the holobiont of coral reefs. However, most studies have primarily focused on coral–Symbiodiniaceae–bacterial interactions as a whole, neglecting the interactions between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, which remain largely unexplored. In this study, we proposed a hypothesis that there exists an inner symbiotic loop of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria within the coral symbiotic loop. We conducted experiments to demonstrate how metabolic exchanges between Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria facilitate the nutritional supply necessary for cellular growth. It was seen that the beneficial bacterium, Ruegeria sp., supplied a nitrogen source to the Symbiodiniaceae strain Durusdinium sp., allowing this dinoflagellate to thrive in a nitrogen-free medium. The Ruegeria sp.–Durusdinium sp. interaction was confirmed through 15N-stable isotope probing–single cell Raman spectroscopy, in which 15N infiltrated into the bacterial cells for intracellular metabolism, and eventually the labeled nitrogen source was traced within the macromolecules of Symbiodiniaceae cells. The investigation into Symbiodiniaceae loop interactions validates our hypothesis and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate coral holobiont. These findings have the potential to enhance the health of coral reefs in the face of global climate change.
A Study on the Irradiance Scintillation Characteristics of Monochromatic LED-Based Visible Light Communication Systems in Weak-to-Strong Turbulence
Authors: Ji Yao , Chen Wensheng , Wang Danning , Cheng Chen
Published: June 2024

Atmospheric turbulence causes transmitted light to fade randomly, which results in irradiance scintillation fluctuations in the received signal and significantly affects the quality of wireless optical communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the propagation characteristics of a monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) light beam through weak-to-strong turbulence. Considering the spatial incoherence of a monochromatic LED light source, the emitted light field of a monochromatic LED light source is represented by a random field multiplied by a deterministic field that follows a Gaussian distribution. Then, based on the extended-Rytov theory, a closed expression for the irradiance scintillation index under weak-to-strong turbulence is derived. In addition, the expression for the fading probability governed by the Gamma–Gamma model is given. Finally, the effects of near-earth atmospheric refractive index structural parameters, signal propagation distances, and working light wavelengths on propagation characteristics of the LED-based VLC system are simulated and compared with those of the laser-based one. The results theoretically confirm that laser light sources are more susceptible to atmospheric turbulence along the propagation path than monochromatic LED light sources. The investigation in this paper can provide theoretical support for the design of visible light communication systems in practical applications.
Physics-Based Practical Speckle Noise Modeling for Optical Coherence Tomography Image Denoising
Authors: Yang Lei , Wu Di , Gao Wenteng , Xu Ronald X. , Sun Mingzhai
Published: June 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been extensively utilized in the field of biomedical imaging due to its non-invasive nature and its ability to provide high-resolution, in-depth imaging of biological tissues. However, the use of low-coherence light can lead to unintended interference phenomena within the sample, which inevitably introduces speckle noise into the imaging results. This type of noise often obscures key features in the image, thereby reducing the accuracy of medical diagnoses. Existing denoising algorithms, while removing noise, tend to also damage the structural details of the image, affecting the quality of diagnosis. To overcome this challenge, we have proposed a speckle noise (PSN) framework. The core of this framework is an innovative dual-module noise generator that can decompose the noise in OCT images into speckle noise and equipment noise, addressing each type independently. By integrating the physical properties of noise into the design of the noise generator and training it with unpaired data, we are able to synthesize realistic noise images that match clear images. These synthesized paired images are then used to train a denoiser to effectively denoise real OCT images. Our method has demonstrated its superiority in both private and public datasets, particularly in maintaining the integrity of the image structure. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the physical information of noise in denoising tasks, providing a new perspective and solution for enhancing OCT image denoising technology.
Analysis of Avoided Level Crossing Muon Spin Resonance Spectra of Muoniated Radicals in Anisotropic Environments: Estimation of Muon Dipolar Hyperfine Parameters for Lorentzian-like Δ1 Resonances
Authors: McKenzie Iain , Karner Victoria L. , Scheuermann Robert
Published: June 2024

Avoided level crossing muon spin resonance (ALC-μSR) is used to characterize muoniated free radicals. These radicals are used as probes of the local environment and reorientational motion of specific components in complex systems. The parameter that provides information about the anisotropic motion is the motionally-averaged muon dipolar-hyperfine coupling constant (Dμ‖). The ALC-μSR spectra of muoniated radicals in anisotropic environments frequently have Lorentzian-like Δ1 resonances, which makes it challenging to extract Dμ‖. In this paper, we derive a means to estimate|Dμ‖| from ALC-μSR spectra with Lorentzian-like resonances by measuring the amplitude, width, and position of the Δ1 resonance and the amplitude, width, and position of a Δ0 resonance. Numerical simulations were used to test this relationship for radicals with a wide range of muon and proton hyperfine parameters. We use this methodology to determine |Dμ‖| for the Mu adducts of the cosurfactant 2-phenylethanol in C12E4 bilayers. From this we determined the amplitude of the anisotropic reorientational motion of the cosurfactant.
Infrared Dim Small Target Detection Networks: A Review
Authors: Cheng Yongbo , Lai Xuefeng , Xia Yucheng , Zhou Jinmei
Published: June 2024

In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning and its outstanding capabilities in target detection, innovative methods have been introduced for infrared dim small target detection. This review comprehensively summarizes public datasets, the latest networks, and evaluation metrics for infrared dim small target detection. This review mainly focuses on deep learning methods from the past three years and categorizes them based on the six key issues in this field: (1) enhancing the representation capability of small targets; (2) improving the accuracy of bounding box regression; (3) resolving the issue of target information loss in the deep network; (4) balancing missed detections and false alarms; (5) adapting for complex backgrounds; (6) lightweight design and deployment issues of the network. Additionally, this review summarizes twelve public datasets for infrared dim small targets and evaluation metrics used for detection and quantitatively compares the performance of the latest networks. Finally, this review provides insights into the future directions of this field. In conclusion, this review aims to assist researchers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments in infrared dim small target detection networks.
Publishing Urologic Research from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Black Peter
Published: June 2024

Global reach is a key component of the mission of the SIUJ [...]
Digital Transformation and Non-Financial Performance in Manufacturing
Authors: Dai Chenyu , Fang Jianwen
Published: June 2024

In the context of the digital economy era, can digital transformation promote the improvement of non-financial performance of manufacturing enterprises? Taking Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2012 to 2021 as instances, this paper decomposes non-financial performance from five dimensions: innovation performance, ESG performance, working capital management performance, organizational resilience, and corporate market competitiveness, and examines the effects and mechanisms of the digital revolution on manufacturing companies’ non-financial performance via empirical analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises plays a significant positive role in innovation performance, ESG performance, working capital management performance, organizational resilience, and corporate market competitiveness, and (2) digital transformation can promote the improvement of non-financial performance of manufacturing enterprises by improving the quality of internal control. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis results show that digital transformation contributes more to the non-financial performance of non-state-owned manufacturing enterprises. The study conclusion can provide experience for promoting the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises and driving high-quality economic development.
The Legacy of Hg Contamination in a Past Mining Area (Tuscany, Italy): Hg Speciation and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Arrighi Simone , Franceschini Fabrizio , Petrini Riccardo , Fornasaro Silvia , Ghezzi Lisa
Published: June 2024

The mercury cell manufacturing process, which has been extensively used in chlor-alkali plants to produce chlorine and caustic soda by electrolysis, represents a major source of Hg environmental pollution. At Saline di Volterra (Tuscany, Italy), solution mining by pumping water into halite deposits was applied to produce brines for a mercury-cell chlor-alkali plant. The Hg-contaminated, exhausted brines were pumped back at depth into the rock salt field in order to renew the available resources. Activities ceased in 1994, following the leakage dispersion of highly contaminated Hg(0)-bearing brines into the environment. The mercury content in the soil, measured during a survey conducted in 2000, reached 334 mg/kg, highlighting diffuse contamination in the floodplain. By 2009, the Hg concentration had generally decreased and was mostly confined to the topsoil layer. In order to evaluate the present Hg soil pollution, a geochemical survey was carried out in 2023, almost thirty years after the contamination event. The obtained data indicated the occurrence of legacy Hg, which reached 25.5 mg/kg in some soil samples. Speciation analysis for the most contaminated soil revealed that Hg(0) represented about 17.3% of the total Hg and that water-soluble and organic Hg fractions were negligible. These results suggest that the originally released metallic mercury has volatilized and likely oxidized, becoming practically immobile in the soil. A risk assessment, performed by applying Hg speciation analysis, indicated that the mercury in the soil does not carry a risk of non-cancerous effects for different exposure routes in case of subsequent use of the site and that the formerly contaminated area can now be converted into a leisure area.
Exploring Community Readiness to Adopt Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Scheme in the City of Thessaloniki
Authors: Mavrogenidou Panagiota , Papagiannakis Apostolos
Published: June 2024

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a new mobility solution that brings together different modes of transportation, such as car-sharing, public transport, taxis, and bicycles, to create personalized service packages for commuters. The present study aims to identify key factors affecting the adoption of a Mobility as a Service system, and to explore the extent to which a local community is ready to accept the implementation of MaaS. The case study investigates the city of Thessaloniki, which is the second largest urban agglomeration in Greece. This study applies a triangulation approach by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and the challenges arising with the implementation of a MaaS system in the city of Thessaloniki. Furthermore, the utilization of MaaS as a tool for vulnerable people, a crucial aspect that has not been analyzed properly in the existing literature, is examined. A quantitative survey analysis was conducted, inferential statistics were applied, and a binary logistic regression model was developed to determine the significant characteristics that most affect citizens’ willingness to use a MaaS system. In addition, stakeholders were interviewed to examine their readiness to promote and collaborate for the development of a MaaS system. Results showed that age, driving license, daily time spent on urban trips, the frequency of commuting as car passenger or by public transport (PT), previous usage of a MaaS system, and the number of family members seem to be the most influential factors of citizens’ choice to adopt MaaS. For stakeholders, the quality of service provided, and the user friendliness of the system are necessary prerequisites. The findings reveal that the views of residents and stakeholders provide some positive foundations for the development of a MaaS system in the city.
Boosting PRRSV-Specific Cellular Immunity: The Immunological Profiling of an Fc-Fused Multi-CTL Epitope Vaccine in Mice
Authors: Lei Xinnuo , Ban Jinzhao , Wu Zhi , Cao Shinuo , Zhou Mo , Zhang Li , Zhu Rui , Lu Huipeng , Zhu Shanyuan
Published: June 2024

The continuously evolving PRRSV has been plaguing pig farms worldwide for over 30 years, with conventional vaccines suffering from insufficient protection and biosecurity risks. To address these challenges, we identified 10 PRRSV-specific CTL epitopes through enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and constructed a multi-epitope peptide (PTE) by linking them in tandem. This PTE was then fused with a modified porcine Fc molecule to create the recombinant protein pFc-PTE. Our findings indicate that pFc-PTE effectively stimulates PRRSV-infected specific splenic lymphocytes to secrete high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and is predicted to be non-toxic and non-allergenic. Compared to PTE alone, pFc-PTE not only induced a comparable cellular immune response in mice but also extended the duration of the immune response to at least 10 weeks post-immunization. Additionally, pFc-PTE predominantly induced a Th1 immune response, suggesting its potential advantage in enhancing cellular immunity. Consequently, pFc-PTE holds promise as a novel, safe, and potent candidate vaccine for PRRSV and may also provide new perspectives for vaccine design against other viral diseases.
Automated Nuclear Morphometry: A Deep Learning Approach for Prognostication in Canine Pulmonary Carcinoma to Enhance Reproducibility
Authors: Glahn Imaine , Haghofer Andreas , Donovan Taryn A. , Degasperi Brigitte , Bartel Alexander , Kreilmeier-Berger Theresa , Hyndman Philip S. , Janout Hannah , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Bartenschlager Florian , Bolfa Pompei , Dark Michael J. , Klang Andrea , Klopfleisch Robert , Merz Sophie , Richter Barbara , Schulman F. Yvonne , Ganz Jonathan , Scharinger Josef , Aubreville Marc , Winkler Stephan M. , Bertram Christof A.
Published: June 2024

The integration of deep learning-based tools into diagnostic workflows is increasingly prevalent due to their efficiency and reproducibility in various settings. We investigated the utility of automated nuclear morphometry for assessing nuclear pleomorphism (NP), a criterion of malignancy in the current grading system in canine pulmonary carcinoma (cPC), and its prognostic implications. We developed a deep learning-based algorithm for evaluating NP (variation in size, i.e., anisokaryosis and/or shape) using a segmentation model. Its performance was evaluated on 46 cPC cases with comprehensive follow-up data regarding its accuracy in nuclear segmentation and its prognostic ability. Its assessment of NP was compared to manual morphometry and established prognostic tests (pathologists’ NP estimates (n = 11), mitotic count, histological grading, and TNM-stage). The standard deviation (SD) of the nuclear area, indicative of anisokaryosis, exhibited good discriminatory ability for tumor-specific survival, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 and a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.38. The algorithm achieved values comparable to manual morphometry. In contrast, the pathologists’ estimates of anisokaryosis resulted in HR values ranging from 0.86 to 34.8, with slight inter-observer reproducibility (k = 0.204). Other conventional tests had no significant prognostic value in our study cohort. Fully automated morphometry promises a time-efficient and reproducible assessment of NP with a high prognostic value. Further refinement of the algorithm, particularly to address undersegmentation, and application to a larger study population are required.
Data and Energy Impacts of Intelligent Transportation—A Review
Authors: Rajashekara Kaushik , Koppera Sharon
Published: June 2024

The deployment of intelligent transportation is still in its early stages and there are many challenges that need to be addressed before it can be widely adopted. Autonomous vehicles are a class of intelligent transportation that is rapidly developing, and they are being deployed in selected cities. A combination of advanced sensors, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence are being used in these vehicles to perceive their environment, navigate, and make the right decisions. These vehicles leverage extensive data sourced from various sensors and computers integrated into the vehicle. Hence, massive computational power is required to process the information from various built-in sensors in milliseconds to make the right decision. The power required by the sensors and the use of additional computational power increases the energy consumption, and, hence, could reduce the range of the autonomous electric vehicle relative to a standard electric car and lead to additional emissions. A number of review papers have highlighted the environmental benefits of autonomous vehicles, focusing on aspects like optimized driving, improved route selection, fewer stops, and platooning. However, these reviews often overlook the significant energy demands of the hardware systems—such as sensors, computers, and cameras—necessary for full autonomy, which can decrease the driving range of electric autonomous vehicles. Additionally, previous studies have not thoroughly examined the data processing requirements in these vehicles. This paper provides a more detailed review of the volume of data and energy usage by various sensors and computers integral to autonomous features in electric vehicles. It also discusses the effects of these factors on vehicle range and emissions. Furthermore, the paper explores advanced technologies currently being developed by various industries to enhance processing speeds and reduce energy consumption in autonomous vehicles.
Impact of surgical approach and cochlear implant electrode on structural integrity of the cochlea
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Balashov P. A. , Gubernatorova S. M. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba», Slutskaya A. I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Makhachev D. R. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Magomedov M. A. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Technical University», Makhachkala, Temirov A. T. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Technical University», Makhachkala
Published: June 2024

Cochlear implants have been used for many years as a rehabilitation device for people with severe to profound hearing loss. Essential aspects of successful cochlear implantation are the choice of electrode type and proper insertion of the electrode array into the tympanic ladder to minimize damage to the cochlea. This article discusses the impact of surgical approaches, such as round window, cochleostomy, and extended round window, and the type of electrode array (perimodiolar or lateral wall) on scalar translocation.
Clinical and dynamic features of aggressive behavior in patients with multi-infarct dementia depending on its severity
Authors:   Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N. A. Semashko, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of Medicine» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Pastukh I. A. , Stepanova I. V. ,   Scientific and Educational Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N. A. Semashko, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of Medicine» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
Published: June 2024

The article presents clinical and dynamic features of aggressive behavior in patients with multi-infarct dementia of varying degrees of severity. The study involved 49 patients diagnosed with multi-infarct dementia (F01.1) with varying degrees of severity, the structure of which included aggressive behavior. Clinical and dynamic features of aggressive behavior in patients with multi-infarct dementia were analyzed using clinical anamnestic, clinical follow-up, clinical psychopathological, psychometric, and statistical research methods. The types of aggressive behavior studied, i.e. mixed aggression, verbal aggression, physical aggression, and irritability, were dependent on the severity of multi-infarct dementia. In the patients with mild multi-infarct dementia, aggressive behavior was clinically manifested by irritability with the greatest degree of severity. In addition, the patients showed more severe signs of aggression in the structure of the disease, which were expressed in destructive behavior towards relatives in the form of physical aggression, as well as in the demonstration of verbal aggression. As the severity of multi-infarct dementia increased, the frequency and severity of aggressive behavior decreased. In the patients with severe multi-infarct dementia with signs of aggressive behavior, more pronounced qualitative thought disorders, i.e. unsystematized delusional ideas of reference, were diagnosed. Thus, in patients with multi-infarct dementia, manifestations of aggressive behavior are related to the degree of its severity and represent one of the diagnostic criteria that must be taken into account when assessing the severity of multi-infarct dementia. Moreover, aggressive behavior can be an important target when planning therapeutic tactics duringthe work with such patients.
The use of acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (сlinical case)
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Al-Zamil M. H. ,   Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia",   Brain and Spine Clinic «Olivia» LLC,   NIGHT DPO Medical Dental Institute, Kulikova N. G. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia"; Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation of Sechenov University, Vasilyeva E. S. ,   NIGHT DPO Medical Dental Institute; FGBNU «Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Acad. B. V. Petrovsky», Moscow Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A. I. Evdokimov» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of discogenic compression radiculopathy has been proven in many scientific works. Acupuncture has a positive effect not only on the course of radiculopathy, but also on the size of the hernias and protrusions of the intervertebral discs themselves. Purpose. To study the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation in the lumbar region. Material and methods. Before and after treatment (after 3 and 6 months), the patient was assessed: neurological status, results of an electrokymographic study of peripheral nerves of the lower extremities, MRI of the spine. Acupuncture was carried out at acupuncture points of the meridian of the stomach, bladder, gallbladder, colon, for a course of 40 procedures. Results. A 40‑year-old patient suffered from prolonged pain for 8 months. Conservative treatment with drug therapy and physical therapy did not provide satisfactory improvement in symptoms. On MRI of the PC department, the IVD herniation at the L4 — L5 level was 12 mm. When using acupuncture, the pain syndrome decreased clearly after the first sessions. Sensory disturbances and motor deficits gradually regressed. After 40 sessions over 3 months, electromyographic indicators of the affected right peroneal nerve improved. An unexpected result was a reduction in the size of the IVD hernia by 50 % to 6 mm.
Treatment specifics for sialadenosis of the parotid glands in patients undergoing eradication therapy
Authors: Konovalova T. A. , Kozlova M. V. , Chorbinskaya S. A. , Manuilov B. M. , Aleshkin V. A.
Published: June 2024

Relevance. Treating patients with comorbid pathologies of the parotid salivary glands (PSGs) and the gastrointestinal tract presents a significant clinical challenge. Sialadenosis commonly develops in acid-dependent diseases associated with H. pylori (HP) infection, often manifesting as complaints of dry mouth. This condition leads to a reduction in local immunological defense due to decreased levels of sIgA, which is predominantly sourced from parotid secretion. Gastroenterologists typically prescribe eradication therapy that includes a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), which, according to its pharmacodynamic properties, can cause drug-induced xerostomia.

Material and methods. A total of 115 individuals with sialadenosis of the PSGs and HP infection, confirmed by a positive urease rapid test in parotid secretion, aged 46.42 ± 6.21 years, were examined. The participants were randomly assigned into groups based on the prescription of absorbable gingival collagen membranes and the dose of a complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP). The groups were as follows: Group I – 35 individuals without local therapy; Group II – 40 patients receiving 30 mg CIP; Group III – 40 patients receiving 60 mg CIP. Additionally, a control group consisting of 20 healthy individuals aged 44.46 ± 4.12 years was included. Gastroenterologists prescribed a standard triple eradication regimen, which included a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) at double dosage, 1000 mg amoxicillin, and 500 mg clarithromycin, taken twice daily for 14 days. All participants underwent comprehensive dental examinations at various stages: diagnosis, day 14 of eradication, and days 21 and 28 of observation.

Results. A significant increase in PSG sialometry and sIgA levels in parotid secretion was observed in patients using absorbable gingival collagen membranes and CIP in addition to standard treatment. At a CIP dose of 60 mg, a negative urease rapid test was determined in parotid secretion by day 14, while at 30 mg, this occurred by day 21, confirming the effectiveness of the therapy.

Conclusion. Treating patients with PSG sialadenosis undergoing eradication therapy requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach. It is necessary to include absorbable gingival collagen membranes and CIP at a dose of 60 mg twice daily for 21 days.
USE OF CLOUD-ORIENTED OPEN SCIENCE SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS: MODELS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Marienko Maiia , Nosenko Yulia , Shyshkina Mariya
Published: June 2024

. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study by J. Borup and A. Evmenova examined the effectiveness of an in-service course designed to improve teachers' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In the study by F. Coenders and N. Verhoef, there is professional development of experienced and beginning teachers who collaborate in Lesson Study groups. Research by T. R. Kelley, J. G. Knowles, J. D. Holland, and J. Han shows that science teachers’ self-efficacy increases after completing inservice courses. The research objective. To justify the models and technologies of using cloud-oriented systems of open science in the process of teaching and professional development of teachers. The statement of basic materials. Models of the composition and structure of the educational and scientific cloudoriented learning environment and professional development of teachers can be based on the model of the educational environment. An attempt has been made to design a general logical model for managing open scientific and educational research in institutions of general secondary education, which can form the basis for building narrower models (for individual levels of education, specific disciplines, etc.).
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION OF FUTURE BACHELORS IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING IN VOCATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Slobodianiuk Liudmyla
Published: June 2024

The research objective. The purpose of this article is to develop a structural and functional model of the formation of professional competence of future bachelors in computer engineering in institutions of vocational higher education. The statement of main materials. The structural-functional model of the formation of professional competence of future bachelors in computer engineering in professional higher education institutions was developed within the framework of the conducted research. It consists of a set of four interrelated blocks that ensure its functioning: conceptual, content-technological, competence, diagnostic. We will describe each of the components of the model in more detail.
SYNTAXONOMICAL COMPOSITION AND COENOTIC STRUCTURE OF THE RIPARIAN-AQUATIC VEGETATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER BODIES OF POLTAVA CITY
Authors: Klepets O.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the results of studying the syntaxonomical composition and structure of the communities of riparian-aquatic vegetation in different types of water bodies of the city of Poltava (artificial and natural reservoirs, the urban section of the middle River Vorskla), where, according to the ecological and floristic classification, 16 associations (including 2 variants) of six alliances and four orders of the class PHRAGMITO-MAGNOCARICETEA were identified. Of these, only two associations (Phragmitetum communis and Typhetum latifoliae) are the most typical in urban hydroecotopes.The studied plant associations are characterized by a low species richness, the absolute majority of them represents a simplified version of the original natural associations. Relatively higher species richness of some associations is due to the participation of species of hygro-mesophilic forbs, primarily elements of the synanthropic floral complex, which is associated with a significant disturbance of the natural vegetation cover in the urban area. The nature of the development of the described riparian-aquatic plant communities and the peculiarities of their floristic composition reflect the tendency to shallowing and waterlogging of urban hydroecotopes.In the rank of associations there are 14 communities in urban lentic water bodies and 8 communities on the urban section of the middle river. Most of the identified associations (8) are confined exclusively to urban reservoirs, while only 2 associations are specific to the urban section of the river. Of those 6 associations found both in urban reservoirs and in the middle river’s urban section, the river coenoses are more diverse and better developed.In the conditions of an urbanized environment, the middle river ecosystems show a higher resistance to anthropogenic influence compared to ecosystems of artificial urban water bodies, which is evidenced, in particular, by a more complex coenotic structure of common associations.
INDICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO THE DENDROFLORA COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT ZONES OF THE PRYRICHKOVYI PARK IN POLTAVA
Authors: Orlovskyi O.
Published: June 2024

The dendroflora of the Pryrichkovyi Park in Poltava and the correspondence of woody plant species composition to environmental conditions were studied by analyzing the amplitude of the leading environmental factors.Twelve species of deciduous trees have been identified, the representatives of seven genera of six families of the order Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta. The highest Margalef index was calculated in zone 1, and the highest dominance index in zone 3. In all three park zones, 6 species of trees are represented – 2 Acer sp., 2 Populus sp., Salix alba, and Tilia cordata. The Sørensen-Czekanovsky index indicates the greatest similarity in the species composition of trees between zones 1–2 and 2–3 and the least similarity between zones 1 and 3.The lowest light index (Lc) was calculated for zone 2, where the tree density is the highest. The high-light-tolerant species – Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula pendula – grow in zone 1 (with a high recreational load). The soil moisture range (Hd) tolerance is the greatest for Populus tremulae, which is common in all three park zones. The lowest soil aeration index (Ae) in zone 1 is explained by its greatest compaction due to recreational load. The soil acidity index (Rc) increases in zone 3, where willows and poplars grow.Analysis of the ecological amplitudes of certain indicators confirms that environmental conditions in all park zones are favorable for the majority of presented tree species. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental amplitudes is recommended to use when assessing new species for planting. The data obtained make it possible to continue the study of the condition of the most common tree species and resistance to natural and anthropogenic factors of their damage and injury, in particular, recreation, vehicle emissions, phytophagous insects, and pathogens.
WEED SPECIES COMPOSITION IN TERRITORIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES IN VINNYTSIA REGION
Authors: Shevchuk O. , Tkachuk O. , Khodanitska O. , Polivanyi S. , Matviichuk O. , Stepanenko I. , Levchuk N.
Published: June 2024

The article highlights the results of studying the taxonomic composition, floristic features and occurrence of weed species in different types of territories in Vinnytsia region – 159 species of weeds belonging to 116 genera from 32 families were found in the investigated lands of different types – segetal (fields) and ruderal (field margins, field roads, highways). The largest number of species was documented on field margins (123 species), and the smallest number – on roadsides of highways (80 species). The number of identified species on fields and field roads is similar to that on field margins (117-111 species).The values of P. Jaccard’s floristic similarity coefficient indicate a high similarity of the species composition of fields, their roadsides, and field roads (65.2–69.6%) compared to the roadsides of highways (47.0–55.0%). This trend indicates a close interrelation of weed species composition of the main habitat types that make up each agroecosystem (fields, field margins and field roads), which is the reason for the need for regular monitoring of weeds not only in fields, but also in their margins and surrounding field roads.It was found that the distribution of species by families is irregular. The first places by the number of species for all comparison positions are occupied by the families Asteraceae Dumort. and Poaceae Barnhart., with the family Asteraceae significantly exceeding other families by the number of recorded species.It was established that most of the registered weed species belong to the dominant families. It was found out that 59 weed species were registered on all studied types of habitats. A comparative analysis of the obtained data showed that the species are represented in different types of localities to different degrees.The weed species composition in Vinnytsia region is characterized by the unity and stability of the taxonomic structure over a long period of time and regardless of the type of habitat. High indicators of similarity lead to a comprehensive study of weed species compositions of the main habitat types that make up each agroecosystem (fields, field margins, and field roads).