bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAM129B is a novel regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction in melanoma cells
Authors: Conrad Willliam , Major Michael B , Cleary Michele A , Ferrer Marc , Roberts Brian , Marine Shane , Chung Namjin , Arthur William T , Moon Randall T , Berndt Jason D , Chien Andy J
Published: October 2013

The inability of targeted BRAF inhibitors to produce long-lasting improvement in the clinical outcome of melanoma highlights a need to identify additional approaches to inhibit melanoma growth. Recent studies have shown that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway decreases tumor growth and cooperates with ERK/MAPK pathway inhibitors to promote apoptosis in melanoma. Therefore, the identification of Wnt/β-catenin regulators may advance the development of new approaches to treat this disease. In order to move towards this goal we performed a large scale small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for regulators of β-catenin activated reporter activity in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Integrating large scale siRNA screen data with phosphoproteomic data and bioinformatics enrichment identified a protein, FAM129B, as a potential regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.  Functionally, we demonstrated that siRNA-mediated knockdown of FAM129B in A375 and A2058 melanoma cell lines inhibits WNT3A-mediated activation of a β-catenin-responsive luciferase reporter and inhibits expression of the endogenous Wnt/β-catenin target gene, AXIN2. We also demonstrate that FAM129B knockdown inhibits apoptosis in melanoma cells treated with WNT3A. These experiments support a role for FAM129B in linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to apoptosis in melanoma.
Mesectodermal Leiomyoma of the Ciliary Body
Authors: Huang Yi-Ming , Kau Hui-Chuan , Tsai Chieh-Chih , Kao Shu-Ching , Lee Fenq-Lih
Published: October 2013

Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body is a rare intraocular tumor. Clinically, the diagnosis of intraocular leiomyoma is challenging and the most important differential diagnosis is uveal melanoma. A 22-year-old female with high body mass index (34.5 kg/m2) presented with deteriorated vision to hand motion in left eye. Ophthalmologic examination disclosed a pigment mass in the ciliary body of the left eye and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intraocular lobulated tumor mass with hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. Enucleation was performed because the possibility of choroidal melanoma could not be absolutely excluded. Pathological examination revealed a mesectodermal leiomyoma. Although the association between mesectodermal leiomyoma and obesity requires further investigation, this case highlights the need for including mesectodermal leiomyoma in the differential diagnosis of patients with intraocular tumor especially for young female.
Ranibizumab for Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Choroidal Osteoma Associated and Central Serous Choroidopathy
Authors: Dolz-Marco Rosa , Martínez-Castillo Sebastián , Shields Carol L. , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Díaz-Llopis Manuel
Published: October 2013

Purpose: To describe a case of atypical choroidal osteoma with secondary choroidal neovascularization associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
Case Report: A 46-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of vision loss in his left eye (OS). The visual acuity was 20/30 in his OS. Dilated fundus examination OS evidenced a whitish deep lesion in the superior temporal arcade suggestive of choroidal osteoma. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a serous macular detachment with a heterogeneous hyperreflective intrachoroidal mass within the superior temporal major arcade with overlying cystoid macular edema, and a temporal macular pigment epithelial detachment. An intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was administered and one month later the visual acuity improved to 20/25 and the subretinal fluid partially regressed. 
Conclusion: Although choroidal osteoma has no definite therapeutic approach, it may associate secondary complications. Patients should be monitored in order to detect changes suitable for potential therapies available and therefore minimize the visual burden of the disease.
Trace Metals in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study of Nigerian Patients
Authors: Ogunrin A.O. , Komolafe M.A. , Sanya E.O. , Osubor C. , Ajose O.A. , Akande A.A. , Mosaku S.K.
Published: October 2013

Background: The roles of environmental factors in the etiologic consideration of Parkinson’s disease (PD) need investigation and clarification, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where genetic mutations are rare. Trace metals toxicity has been associated with pathogenesis of neuro-degeneration including Parkinson’s disease. 
Methods: PD patients presenting to three tertiary health facilities located in the south-west, south-south and central Nigeria were studied and compared with age and sex matched controls from the same regions using a protocol containing a structured questionnaire, diagnostic criteria based on the United Kingdom Parkinson’s Disease Society brain bank and atomic absorption spectrophotometry method for analysis of plasma trace metals – copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and iron. 
Findings: Sixty eight consecutive PD patients with a mean age of 65.7±7.29 years and a male preponderance (Male (46)/Female (22) = 2.1:1) had significantly elevated trace metals (namely copper, zinc, magnesium and iron) compared to controls (P<0.001). The means of the trace metals’ levels for the PD and controls were – Copper 51.8 and 14.7µmol/l, Magnesium 3.35 and 2.06mEq/l, Manganese 15.6 and 14.4µmol/l, Iron 78.5 and 17.4µmol/l and Zinc 88.7 and 19.3µmol/l respectively. There was no significant difference in level of manganese between PD patients and controls, though elevated in PD patients residing in the southern part of the country the difference between the PD patients and controls in central region (P=0.29) was insignificant. 
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested a possible role for trace metals toxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. There is however need for further studies to elucidate the specific roles of these trace metals in the etiology of PD.
Preparing Electronic Clinical Data for Quality Improvement and Comparative
Effectiveness Research: The SCOAP CERTAIN Automation and Validation Project
Authors: Beth Devine Emily , Capurro Daniel , Van Eaton Erik , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafae , Devlin Allison , Yanez N David , Yetisgen-Yildiz Meliha , Flum David R. , Tarczy-Hornoch Peter
Published: October 2013

Background: The field of clinical research informatics includes creation of
clinical data repositories (CDRs) used to conduct quality improvement (QI) activities
and comparative effectiveness research (CER). Ideally, CDR data are accurately and
directly abstracted from disparate electronic health records (EHRs), across diverse
health-systems.Objective: Investigators from Washington State’s Surgical Care Outcomes
and Assessment Program (SCOAP) Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network
(CERTAIN) are creating such a CDR. This manuscript describes the automation and
validation methods used to create this digital infrastructure.Methods: SCOAP is a QI
benchmarking initiative. Data are manually abstracted from EHRs and entered into a data
management system. CERTAIN investigators are now deploying Caradigm’s Amalga™ tool to
facilitate automated abstraction of data from multiple, disparate EHRs. Concordance is
calculated to compare data automatically to manually abstracted. Performance measures
are calculated between Amalga and each parent EHR. Validation takes place in repeated
loops, with improvements made over time. When automated abstraction reaches the current
benchmark for abstraction accuracy - 95% - itwill ‘go-live’ at each site.Progress to
Date: A technical analysis was completed at 14 sites. Five sites are contributing; the
remaining sites prioritized meeting Meaningful Use criteria. Participating sites are
contributing 15-18 unique data feeds, totaling 13 surgical registry use cases. Common
feeds are registration, laboratory, transcription/dictation, radiology, and medications.
Approximately 50% of 1,320 designated data elements are being automatically abstracted –
25% from structured data; 25% from text mining.Conclusion: In semi-automating data
abstraction and conducting a rigorous validation, CERTAIN investigators will
semi-automate data collection to conduct QI and CER, while advancing the Learning
Healthcare System.
Solid-solute phase equilibria in aqueous solution: Fundamentals and applications
Authors: Königsberger Erich
Published: October 2013

The importance of solid-solution–aqueous-solution (SSAS) equilibria requires the incorporation of solid solutions into thermodynamic models for industrially and environmentally relevant applications. Insights from appropriate measurements and recent database developments have made such extensions feasible. Examples illustrating various types of stable and metastable equilibria involving solid solutions will be given.
Dust to Dust : The Figure-Ground Problem of Readymade Realism in Film
Authors: Davidson John E.
Published: October 2013

The Age of Insight , Eric Kandel's masterful account of the advances of neuropsychology over the last 150 years, starts with the nineteenth-century medical-scientific ethos that geminated the University of Vienna. On its journey it refers back frequently, almost exclusively, to Viennese modernist artists, because their painted images, especially those of the expressionists, resisted conventional realism and continue to this day to serve as perceptual intermediaries to realities that cannot be seen: emotions, character, even the processes of the brain itself. This article begins by further historicizing modernist medical research in Central Europe in regard to another visual medium, film, and then turns to the work of early thinkers who posited a similar relationship between moving images and insight. They, too, often called on anti-realist art to clarify their sense of filmic realism over and against what they considered to be pre-fabricated cinema. This discourse recurs throughout the twentieth century and comes to leave traces in non-conventional filmmaking like that of the contemporary Berlin School. These theories and practices offer useful complements to The Age of Insight 's history of art and science; however, they also issue important challenges to the "common sense" conclusion that some of Kandel's readers might reach regarding cognitive hardwiring as an unambiguous model for our approach to representation and to the world. If "the image of the world that is contained within the word gives rise to a seamless, meaningful system," as Béla Balázs put it critically, then the object might be to dust off the old figure-ground image to consider what our cognitive apparatus naturally shuts off from view. This essay concludes by considering an often overlooked, material marker of a perceptual transition point, one that has accompanied film from the fin-de-siècle on down, in order to foster a more ambiguous approach to the question of how the limits of visual systems relate to the invisible realms beneath the surface of things, both in ourselves and in the world around us.
Two Modernist Approaches to Linking Art and Science
Authors: Kandel Eric R.
Published: October 2013

The Age of Insight , Eric Kandel's masterful account of the advances of neuropsychology over the last 150 years, starts with the nineteenth-century medical-scientific ethos that geminated the University of Vienna. On its journey it refers back frequently, almost exclusively, to Viennese modernist artists, because their painted images, especially those of the expressionists, resisted conventional realism and continue to this day to serve as perceptual intermediaries to realities that cannot be seen: emotions, character, even the processes of the brain itself. This article begins by further historicizing modernist medical research in Central Europe in regard to another visual medium, film, and then turns to the work of early thinkers who posited a similar relationship between moving images and insight. They, too, often called on anti-realist art to clarify their sense of filmic realism over and against what they considered to be pre-fabricated cinema. This discourse recurs throughout the twentieth century and comes to leave traces in non-conventional filmmaking like that of the contemporary Berlin School. These theories and practices offer useful complements to The Age of Insight 's history of art and science; however, they also issue important challenges to the "common sense" conclusion that some of Kandel's readers might reach regarding cognitive hardwiring as an unambiguous model for our approach to representation and to the world. If "the image of the world that is contained within the word gives rise to a seamless, meaningful system," as Béla Balázs put it critically, then the object might be to dust off the old figure-ground image to consider what our cognitive apparatus naturally shuts off from view. This essay concludes by considering an often overlooked, material marker of a perceptual transition point, one that has accompanied film from the fin-de-siècle on down, in order to foster a more ambiguous approach to the question of how the limits of visual systems relate to the invisible realms beneath the surface of things, both in ourselves and in the world around us.
Savage Science: Primitives, War Neurotics, and Freud's Uncanny Method
Authors: Zilcosky John
Published: October 2013

Freud's pronouncements about the "savage" in Totem and Taboo have been viewed at best as gorgeous nonsense and at worst as evidence of his underlying imperial and racist intent. Yet critics rarely look closely at the text. This essay begins by doing that, albeit not to examine what Freud says about savages (this is well known) but to investigate what he does not say—specifically, what he says and then takes back. This recanting appears in a series of remarkable footnotes that expose an explosive internal conflict, which, I argue, elevates Totem and Taboo to one of psychoanalysis's foundational texts. This is not because it solves major ethnological problems (as Freud claimed) or because it uncritically repeats colonial power relations in the consulting room (as his critics argue). Rather, Totem and Taboo introduces a process of bold speculation and self-deconstruction that becomes a model for Freud's later writing, especially The Uncanny , where psychoanalysis reflects critically upon itself. Totem and Taboo 's structural ambivalence reveals the "savage" element within psychoanalysis that, as becomes explicit in The Uncanny , simultaneously undermines psychoanalysis and bolsters it: giving it a self-reflective methodological advantage over its competing "science of man," anthropology. Only by becoming savage can the psychoanalyst begin to "feel his way" into the other "modes of thinking" that Freud outlines in Totem and Taboo , including those of the prototypical modern savage—the war neurotic—who haunts The Uncanny 's subtext. This strategy of "feeling one's way" is always only partly successful, but this half-failure, in which the subject wavers between a 'scientific' first-person and a 'primitive' third-person, ultimately reveals how psychoanalysis invents itself as a uniquely "uncanny" science.
Unlearning and Learning Psychoanalysis
Authors: Kris Anton O.
Published: October 2013

Continuing changes in praxis, theory, and observation produce steadily changing foundations of psychoanalysis. The changes require unlearning as part of new learning. Examples illustrate issues that derive from the tension between learning and unlearning, including the hazards of unlearning too much.
The Gaze of the Blind: Notes on Cézanne and Cubism
Authors: Benvenuto Sergio
Published: October 2013

Art historians usually distinguish between two divergent trends in modern painting: an expressionist one, and another which the essay calls "thing-ist," with adherents from Cézanne to the cubism of Picasso and Braque, from Léger up to Italian arte povera . But this distinction should be closely examined. While Van Gogh and Munch on the one hand and Cézanne on the other appear to open what is perceived as two alternative approaches in modern art, the essay asks whether this distinction is necessary. Is it, in short, something etched deeply into the project of modern art? There are two ways of perceiving the relation between the subject and the real: the Van Gogh lineage aims at representing above all the painter's gaze on what he sees, while the Cézanne lineage is dominated by a vision or view that aims at eliminating the gaze . This distinction can be gleaned from various psychoanalytic, especially Jacques Lacan's, reflections on the dynamics of the gaze; it is a way of putting new wine in old casks, the casks being the commonplace view of Cezanne's painting in particular as aiming at pure visibility. That distinction—which to many can appear too drastic and vague—finds its factual confirmation, however, in neurology.
The Learned Physician as a Charismatic Healer: Urso of Salerno (Flourished End of Twelfth Century) on Incantations in Medicine, Magic, and Religion
Authors: van der Lugt Maaike
Published: October 2013

Urso, the last of the great Salernitan physicians, was both an ardent defender of a theoretical, scientific medicine and the first in the medieval West to propose, in his aphorisms, a rational and naturalistic explanation of the healing power of incantations. The article explores this paradox and provides an in-depth analysis of Urso’s highly original and hitherto ignored argument, as well as its intellectual and social background. According to Urso, the efficacy of incantations relies not on the power of words, but on the charismatic physician’s “aura”—spirits emanating from his body—and the patient’s confidence in and conformity with the physician. Urso compares medical incantations to teaching, fascination, demonic magic, sacraments, and prayer. It is argued that Urso’s incursions into theology are both a tactic to defend his bold naturalism against accusations of unorthodoxy and a reflection of his ambition to create a comprehensive “science of everything.” Urso’s text and an English translation are provided in an appendix.
“Children with Half-Starved Bodies” and the Assessment of Malnutrition in the United States, 1890–1950
Authors: Ruis A. R.
Published: October 2013

Malnutrition was one of the most significant children’s health issues of the early twentieth century, but it also engendered considerable controversy. Just how many children were truly malnourished, and how could they be reliably identified? Despite the failures of numerous diagnostic methods—even the definition of malnutrition defied consensus—health authorities remained convinced that malnutrition was a serious and widespread problem. Indeed, the imprecision that surrounded the condition allowed it to be used metaphorically to advance a broad range of professional, social, and public health agendas. By the 1940s, due in part to the lack of reliable diagnostic methods, public health nutrition policy shifted abruptly from one of assessment, based on mass surveillance and individualized care, to one of management, based on a universal program of nutrition education, fortification of foods, and food security that treated all children as in need of nutritional assistance.
A “Popular,” “Private” Lecturer?: Kant’s Theory and Practice of University Instruction
Authors: Franzel Sean
Published: October 2013

In this article I explore Kant’s theory of the scholar through the dual lens of his own lecture practice and his writings about scholarly speech. Along with analyzing two of Kant’s wellknown works on the public sphere and the university (the 1784 “Enlightenment” essay and the 1798 Conflict of the Faculties ), I examine a transcript of one of Kant’s lecture courses to test out his programmatic account of university instruction. I show that Kant strategically aligns his own lecture practice with a “popular” mode of discourse in line with contemporary Popularphilosophen but not with his transformative paradigm of “public” scholarly speech in the print public sphere. I argue that the lecture takes on a conflicted, almost paradoxical position in Kant’s thought as a popular, but not fully public mode of discourse.
The New Cosmopolitanism and the Eighteenth Century
Authors: McMurran Mary Helen
Published: October 2013

This essay takes stock of the pivotal role played by the Enlightenment in efforts to theorize a new cosmopolitanism. Recent attempts to reframe the concept for the global age have purveyed facile associations of Enlightenment cosmopolitanism with imperialism and racism, while also strategically averting a substantive redefinition of cosmopolitanism. An analysis of the eighteenth-century figure of the cosmopolitan, which is marked by its situation in rhetorically charged but often hypothetical or fictive discourses, reveals an unrecognized tradition of elusiveness in the cosmopolitan which both informs and stalls its current revival.
Sanctioning Pleasure: Sodomy and Lessing’s Critical Project
Authors: Miller Derrick R.
Published: October 2013

The conceptual boundary between pleasure and voluptuousness was ambiguous in eighteenthcentury German culture, and both terms were associated with sodomy as the overlapping definitions of Lust , Wollust , and Sodomie in Johann Heinrich Zedler’s Universal-Lexicon (1732–54) illustrate. In a collection of anacreontic poetry ( Kleinigkeiten , 1751), and the essays “Rettungen des Horaz” (1754) and Laokoon (1766), Gotthold Ephraim Lessing celebrated art’s potential to arouse the art lover, but the ambivalent status of voluptuous pleasure risked linking that pleasure to sodomy. Lessing responded by establishing a model of art criticism that promoted a normative pleasure in art while censuring other possibilities as sodomitical.
Introduction
Authors: Sanborn Geoffrey
Published: October 2013

Emerging from a shared sense of the critical possibilities offered by the problem of the human/nonhuman distinction, this forum features essays by a number of nineteenth-century Americanists variously interested in the recent methodological turn toward literary-critical collaboration with the methods and objects of the natural sciences. Though the contributing authors take up a wide array of texts and methodologies, they are united by the ways in which their arguments reveal human beings' inevitable implicatedness in the objects they perceive and observe.
Against 1865: Reperiodizing the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hager Christopher , Marrs Cody
Published: October 2013

In both material and conceptual ways—from survey courses and anthologies to scholarly projects and narratives of literary history—the year 1865 dominates American literary studies. This essay examines the history of the antebellum/postbellum divide and considers archives of ninteenth-century literature this divide tends to misrepresent, including the long careers of several major writers, the motley genealogies of literary realism, and the florescence of late nineteenth-century poetry. We seek not to dimish the importance of the Civil War—indeed, the war looms large in the rethinking we advocate—but rather to trouble the before-after narratives of literary and cultural history the 1865 divide fosters. The Civil War and emancipation, we contend, are less important as endpoints than as nexuses of transition and extension in nineteenth-century literary history. Reconsidering them as such represents a new dimension of the ongoing project of rescaling American literary studies.
The Divine Comedy as an American Civil War Epic
Authors: Matthews Joshua
Published: October 2013

This essay argues that nineteenth-century Americans interpreted Dante's Divine Comedy in terms of national and transnational discourses of federalism and republican nationalism, which helped introduce Dante to the United States and boosted the popularity and circulation of his works there. By the late 1840s, Dante--representing an Italy struggling to become an independent nation--was a useful, authoritative voice in political debates over national expansion and states' rights. His role expanded as these debates intensified. During the Civil War, Dante became an important discursive connection between republicanism, the new Italian nation-state, and the struggle to re-unify the American nation--a connection exemplified by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's translation of the Comedy .
Open Canons: Sacred History and American History in The Book of Mormon
Authors: Fenton Elizabeth
Published: October 2013

This essay examines Joseph Smith's 1830 publication, The Book of Mormon , within the context of early nineteenth-century efforts to produce and preserve documents relating to the history of the United States. The essay argues that Smith's book poses a challenge to contemporary notions of history by destabilizing the idea of an ur-text through its manipulations of biblical stories and depictions of its own, fraught manuscript history. Ultimately, the essay concludes the Book of Mormon 's presentation of textual inadequacy, redundancy, and confusion serve its larger goal of revising Anglo-Protestant accounts of American history. Smith's work presents readers with an image of Puritan settlers as destroyers rather than builders of "a city on a hill," complicating nineteenth-century understandings of providential history and subsuming Protestantism into an alternate story of American Christianity.
Introduction: The Nature of Form
Authors: Pratt Lloyd
Published: October 2013

This forum joins the numerous critical voices that have, in recent years, called for a renewed discussion of literary and aesthetic form and its present and future place in the field of literary study. Whereas many previous discussions have turned to questions of what exactly form is, this forum seeks to shift the ground from questions of being to questions of doing. Taking up Cold War Americanist criticism, the recipe form, Victorian painting, and the intersection of form with issues of race and disability, this forum demonstrates the astonishing variety of things that formalism has done and can do as a mode of critical practice.
Technological Dependency and the Internet: Latin American Access from Buenos Aires, 2001–2013
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D.
Published: October 2013

Aunque el Internet, nació del deseo de mantener sitios de investigación descentralizados a través de interconexiones de alta–velocidad, su desarrollo ha producido un espacio de redes altamente jerarquizado y centralizado. A través de la aplicación de procedimientos del análisis espacial aquí se representa cartográficamente el nuevo mapa mundial del ciberespacio visto desde Buenos Aires (Argentina). Un espacio apto para la realización de nuevas exploraciones pero también un espacio que presenta posibilidades geopolíticas. Se verifica el surgimiento de nuevas fronteras digitales entre los países centrales y periféricos, ampliando la fragmentación en la conexión de los países de América Latina. Revertir esta situación es un desafío futuro.
Áreas Prioritarias de Geo-conservación de la biodiversidad en la Península de Baja California, México
Authors: Alvarez Rigel Alfonso Zaragoza , Recagno Edward M. Peters , Manent Manuel Bollo , Santana José Ramón Hernández
Published: October 2013

The Baja California Peninsula is acknowledged as one of the best-preserved wilderness areas worldwide. With the increase of productive projects with high environmental impact in the region, the need arises to provide elements that strengthen the protection of this Peninsula. For this purpose, a set of priority areas of biodiversity geo-conservation were proposed through a physical-geographical regionalization, and using the distribution of biotic richness and endemism. Through conservation gap analysis it was found that between 24 and 39 percent of the peninsula surface in not protected. With the aim of having a geographic space that adequately protects conservation objects it is necessary to add the conservation gaps detected by this work to the 37 percent of the Peninsula that is legally protected.
Environmental Outcomes of Lifestyle Migration: Land Cover Change and Land Use Transitions in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago in Panama
Authors: Spalding Ana K.
Published: October 2013

Este artículo busca explicar los cambios ambientales que se han dado en el Archipiélago de Bocas del Toro en Panamá a partir de la llegada de residentes extranjeros a principios de la década de los 90. Para este efecto, utilicé técnicas de sensores remotos y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para cuantificar y comparar la cobertura de tierra en el archipiélago entre 1986 y 2008. Los resultados sugieren que, a diferencia de la percepción generalizada de devastación ambiental, a una escala menor que el nivel de Provincia, se evidencia un leve aumento en la cobertura de bosque desde 1986. Sin embargo, la existencia de continuos cambios demográficos, culturales y económicos, sugieren que una mejor planificación y el desarrollo de políticas de conservación es esencial para garantizar la sostenibilidad de las actividades antropogénicas y procesos naturales.
Income Change and Circular Migration: The Curious Case of Mobile Puerto Ricans, 1995-2010
Authors: Otterstrom Samuel M. , Tillman Benjamin F.
Published: October 2013

Los modelos de migración de Puerto Rico son a menudo circulares entre puertorriqueños que se migran a trabajar al continente por varios años, antes de retornar a la isla. Primero, este trabajo explora la variada geografía de puertoriqueños que migran entre condados dentro de los EE. UU. El crecimiento de la ciudad de Orlando, Florida, como foco de migración de puertoriqueña es resaltado. Usando datos de migración condado por condado del IRS, se comparan las características de ingresos de puertorriqueños que migran al continente americano en contraste a los que regresan a Puerto Rico. Los resultados más consistentes indican que desde 1995 a 2010, los originarios migrantes puertorriqueños tuvieron menos ingresos que los migrantes a Puerto Rico, así como otros migrantes.
Geomorphology in Mexico: Trends and Themes, 1986-2012
Authors: Palacio-Prieto José Luis , Bocco Gerardo
Published: October 2013

En México, la geomorfología es una ciencia que se ha consolidado sólo recientemente. De manera institucionalizada, desde 1986, se realizan reuniones nacionales de geomorfología, organizadas por instituciones académicas y, desde 1994, por la Sociedad Mexicana de Geomorfología. A la fecha, se han realizado ocho reuniones, en las que se han presentado 511 trabajos. Este trabajo analiza los temas abordados en los trabajos presentados en las reuniones nacionales con el fin de identificar quién realiza trabajo en geomorfología, dónde se realiza y los principales temas que han sido desarrollados a lo largo de poco más de 25 años. En general, los trabajos son llevados a cabo en ambientes universitarios, aunque también se incluyen trabajos desarrollados en empresas privadas, entidades de gobierno y empresas consultoras. Destaca en la mayoría de los trabajos el carácter aplicado de la geomorfología; los principales temas que se han abordado incluyen: cartografía geomorfológica, remoción en masa, peligros y riesgos, geomorfología estructural y geomorfología fluvial, entre otros.
Data Management and Sharing from the Perspective of Graduate Students: An Examination of the Culture and Practice at the Water Quality Field Station
Authors: Carlson Jake , Stowell-Bracke Marianne
Published: October 2013

Libraries are actively seeking to identify and respond to the data management and curation needs of researchers. One important perspective often overlooked in acquiring an understanding is that of graduate students. This case study used the Data Curation Profile Toolkit to interview six graduate students working for agronomy researchers at the Water Quality Field Station (WQFS) research lab to understand the students’ practices with data, the challenges they face, and their attitudes toward managing and sharing data. Though a small study, this research could provide new insights for libraries creating data services, particularly in regard to graduate students.
Examining Student Research Choices and Processes in a Disintermediated Searching Environment
Authors: Rempel Hannah Gascho , Buck Stefanie , Deitering Anne-Marie
Published: October 2013

Students today perform research in a disintermediated environment, which often allows them to struggle directly with the process of selecting research tools and choosing scholarly sources. The authors conducted a qualitative study with twenty students, using structured observations to ascertain the processes students use to select databases and choose sources for a typical undergraduate research assignment outside of the classroom. Based on these observations, the authors developed three personas depicting different approaches to the research process. The authors make recommendations for improving students’ success in selecting research tools in a disintermediated environment.
Assessing Affective Learning Using a Student Response System
Authors: Rimland Emily
Published: October 2013

Affective learning relates to students’ attitudes, emotions, and feelings. This study focuses on measuring affective learning during library instruction by using a student response system. Participants were undergraduate students who received course-related library instruction for a research assignment. Students rated their confidence levels associated with finding resources before and after the library session using a student response system and again at the end of the semester using a paper survey. The results show a significant improvement in confidence levels for students receiving library instruction, suggesting that library instruction can have a positive influence on affective learning.
Publish or Practice? An Examination of Librarians’ Contributions to Research
Authors: Finlay S. Craig , Ni Chaoqun , Tsou Andrew , Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: October 2013

This article examines authorship of LIS literature in the context of practitioner and non-practitioner production of published research. For this study, 4,827 peer-reviewed articles from twenty LIS journals published between 1956 and 2011 were examined to determine the percentage of articles written by practitioners. The study identified a decrease in the proportion of articles authored by practitioners between 2006 and 2011. Topic analysis of articles revealed subtle yet distinct differences in research subject matter between practitioner-authored and non-practitioner-authored articles. If present trends continue, the character of LIS literature may shift away from many issues relating to practical librarianship.
Fundamentalist Fool or Populist Paragon?: William Jennings Bryan and the Campaign Against Evolutionary Theory
Authors: Maddux Kristy
Published: October 2013

This essay revisits William Jennings Bryan's campaign against evolutionary theory through analysis of four rhetorical moments—his platform orations "The Prince of Peace" (beginning in 1904) and "The Menace of Darwinism" (beginning in 1921), his testimony at the Scopes Trial, and his undelivered closing speech, "On Evolution." In contrast to popular memory of Bryan as the fundamentalist fool, I maintain that he shared little rhetorical ground with his fundamentalist contemporaries, who tended to make arguments that used scientific reasoning to prove empirical facts of religious truth. Instead, Bryan opposed evolution through what Michael Lee has called the "populist argumentative frame," a rhetorical orientation devoted to guarding the interests of the common people against an oppressive elite. Recognizing the populist foundations to Bryan's anti-evolution discourse, as well as the absence of fundamentalism in his discourse, helps to explain how Bryan fared so badly on the stand at the Scopes Trial.
"Operation Sunshine": The Rhetoric of a Cold War Technological Spectacle
Authors: Griffin Charles J. G.
Published: October 2013

This essay examines the role of the USS Nautilus (SSN 571), the world's first atomic powered submarine, as an agency for advancing the Cold War objectives of the Eisenhower White House in the aftermath of the Soviet Union's successful launches of Sputniks 1 and 2 and the early failures of the U.S. Vanguard program in late 1957 and early 1958. Specifically, it examines the campaign to exploit Nautilus for domestic propaganda purposes, which culminated in "Operation Sunshine," the first submerged transit from the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans via the North Pole. The essay argues that architects of the technological spectacle faced the necessity of reconciling the material and symbolic aspects of the mission, and identifies three areas where this may have been necessary. In addition to illuminating the role of the Eisenhower White House in a significant, but largely forgotten episode in the Cold War, the essay illustrates the interplay of material and symbolic elements in Operation Sunshine and identifies some constraints that may be inherent in such technological spectacles.
Managing Women's Equality: Theodore Roosevelt, the Frontier Myth, and the Modern Woman
Authors: Dorsey Leroy G.
Published: October 2013

Popular and political notions about Theodore Roosevelt's larger-than-life, masculine persona helped him to shape many of the issues facing the country at the turn of the twentieth century. His legacy of masculinity, however, has overshadowed his rhetoric about women's rights. Whether he was an opportunistic politician who sought to garner female support for his own ends or a staunch ally for women in their search for equality, Roosevelt responded to women's plight in the same way he did regarding many of the nation's problems—he invoked the Frontier Myth as a catalyst for change. His prepresidential rhetoric constructed the frontier woman as an essential actor in the early development of the country and as a synthesis of competing ideologies in modern America: she embraced the rugged individualism needed on the wild frontier and proved her equality with men, but she also upheld her civic responsibility to birth a mighty nation. In his presidential and postpresidential discourse, Roosevelt evoked that mythic memory of the frontier woman as a lesson for modern women to consider as a means to achieve some level of cultural equality.
Interracial Friendship and Structural Diversity: Trends for Greek, Religious, and Ethnic Student Organizations
Authors: Park Julie J. , Kim Young K.
Published: October 2013

This article examines how peer interactions in college organizations (Greek, ethnic, and religious) affect interracial friendships, including whether peer interaction in student organizations mediates the relationship between structural diversity and interracial friendship. Involvement in ethnic student organizations was non-significant; involvement in Greek or religious student organizations was a negative predictor. Greek involvement mediated the relationship between structural diversity and interracial friendship; greater structural diversity decreased the likelihood of students interacting with peers from Greek organizations, which had a positive effect on interracial friendship. Findings suggest that structural diversity acts as a buffer against the negative influence of Greek organizations on interracial friendship.
Socioeconomic Status and Asian American and Pacific Islander Students' Transition to College: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Museus Samuel D. , Vue Rican
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine socioeconomic differences in the interpersonal factors that influence college access among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). Data on 1,460 AAPIs from the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS: 02/06) were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Findings suggest that parental expectations, parental involvement, teacher quality, and peer academic orientation were associated with more positive transitions to college among AAPIs but that the nature of those relationships was complex and varied across socioeconomic statuses. The authors discuss the limitations of national databases in studying AAPIs and offer implications for higher education research, policy, and practice.
"God may well fordo desteny": Dealing with Fate, Destiny, and Fortune in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur and Other Late Medieval Writing
Authors: Corrie Marilyn
Published: October 2013

The idea that what happens to people, and what people do, are determined by forces external to themselves was current in the Middle Ages for a number of reasons. These included the vogue for judicial astrology, which suggested that the planets and the stars control both people's conduct and their experiences; people in the Middle Ages were also exposed to texts written in classical antiquity, which posited a world conditioned by the workings of Fate, or the Fates. People who wrote in the Middle Ages often combated the world view subscribed to in such systems of thought. They did so by affirming against it the lesson of Christian theology that the will possessed by human beings is free, and that it is this that determines what happens to people. Following the teachings of Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae , they sometimes redefined the concept of Fate, and that of Fortune, assimilating them to Christians' understanding of what it is that determines what happens to individuals. But in some cases, what was asserted instead was God's ability to overpower anything that had been ordained by some predetermining force. Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde , as this article discusses, participates in a wider late medieval engagement with the notion that events have been predetermined, associating this idea with the pagan world with which Christian theology of the patristic era identified it. Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur , the article argues, contends with the same notion. Malory's text invokes the claim made by other late medieval writers that God can overrule something that has been predetermined, but it simultaneously suggests that what is to happen has been determined by the individuals to whom it is to happen, not predetermined at all. Malory's interest in the subjects of Destiny and Fortune, the essay proposes, is more complex than has been assumed.
Pope and the Ends of History: Faction, Atterbury, and Clarendon's History of the Rebellion
Authors: Jones Tom
Published: October 2013

This article assesses Alexander Pope's sense of history and proposes further grounds for his turn from celebratory to cautionary modes of historical writing. Having surveyed Pope's reading in history, and considered his poetry as a form of historical writing, the article focuses on the question of faction as a cause of historical change, and studies Pope's relationship with Francis Atterbury, the bishop of Rochester who was exiled for his part in a Jacobite plot, in this light. Pope admired Atterbury but also felt anxiety about his relationship to him. That anxiety is evident in an episode in Pope's reading, when he annotates a printed copy of Clarendon's History of the Rebellion with variant readings from a currently unidentifiable manuscript. The comparison of printed and manuscript texts was undertaken in the light of the Whig historian John Oldmixon's accusations that Atterbury tampered with Clarendon's manuscript for political (Jacobite) purposes. The article concludes by suggesting that the long recognized ambivalence of Pope's attitudes in The Dunciad might be connected to his own later doubts about the claims of his early political allies to occupy a patriotic position beyond faction.
Henry Fielding at the Bar: A Reappraisal
Authors: Ribble Frederick G.
Published: October 2013

Material for an assessment of Fielding's years as a magistrate is comparatively abundant. Almost nothing is known, however, of the earlier part of his career, of his abilities as a practicing lawyer and of the impression he made on his legal colleagues. Considering, though, the prominence given by scholars to the aesthetic functioning of law in Fielding's literary works, it is especially important to get a clearer sense of his forensic competence and reputation. Fielding is generally thought to have had little success at the bar—a result, as some of his enemies insisted, of his legal incompetence. Much circumstantial evidence could be assembled that would seem to refute this hostile charge. A contemporary "character" of Fielding, which I have discovered, however, provides a surprising perspective on this question. Although short, it is the only known evaluation of Fielding by one of his legal colleagues and one of the few substantive contemporary accounts of his social interactions with his friends.
Capgrave's Dedications: Reassessing an English Flunkey
Authors: Henry Joni
Published: October 2013

John Capgrave, the fifteenth-century Augustinian friar, chronicler, hagiographer, and theologian dedicated his books to kings, dukes, bishops, his fellow clerics, and an anonymous laywoman. His large number of surviving dedications makes him an invaluable case study for the methods and functions of dedicatory writing during the mid-fifteenth century in England. This was a time of great political upheaval as Yorks and Lancastrians vied for the English throne. Capgrave addressed works to both houses and his switch of allegiance from Henry VI to Edward VI has been judged as contemptible flunkeyism by some commentators. This unduly harsh assessment shows little appreciation of the difficult networks of literary and political patronage that Capgrave so astutely negotiated and reimagined. In his dedications he adopts different modes of dedicatory address to suit each genre and audience, from panegyric biblical exegesis to the newly fashionable humanist style. Rather than banal pieces of abject flattery written in tired old forms, Capgrave's carefully crafted dedications recast literary patronage in distinctly pious terms. He reimagines patronage as a dynamic system of sacred obligations owed and repaid amongst a literary community of readers, writers, noble patrons, churchmen, and sometimes even the saints themselves.
On Reading Renaissance Closet Drama: A Reconsideration of the Chorus in Fulke Greville's Alaham and Mustapha
Authors: Roscoe Brett
Published: October 2013

The chorus in Fulke Greville's closet dramas Alaham and Mustapha has previously been understood to be the philosophical mouthpiece of the author. This article proposes a reconsideration of the chorus in Alaham and Mustapha that takes account of two important contexts: Greville's poetics, which is informed by his theological and political thought, and the broader context of genre. The article first contrasts the classical chorus with the chorus in Renaissance closet drama. Because of its new generic context, the chorus takes on a role very different from its classical counterpart: it becomes the object of skepticism and doubt, a public voice that must be scrutinized in the private act of reading. When read with an awareness of the generic distinctives of Renaissance closet drama, it is evident that Greville's chorus is not an authoritative commentary on the plays. Alaham and Mustapha invite readers to read reflectively and critically, questioning the chorus's authority.