bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sankofa Socialization as a Response to the Soul Trauma of Black Women Activists in Ministry
Authors: Elion Ericka
Published: October 2019

This article sets out an emerging discourse on defining and repairing the generational spiritual consequences of racism, victimization, marginalization, and isolation experienced by women of African descent, identified in this paper as “soul trauma.” Drawing on the work of W.E.B. Dubois, Joy DeGruy, Iva Carruthers, and others, it establishes the deep and deadly effect of internalized white supremacy and cultural hegemony on the identity and socialization of Black women, an effect that requires substantial work and repair beyond what established human service delivery practices can provide to the essential core of one's being, the soul. This article posits the concept and practice of Sankofa as a form of holistic medicine in the repair of Black souls, specific to the use of Kindezi, a Kikongo education system.
Increased expression of TLR7 and TLR9 in alopecia areata
Authors: Kang Hoon , Wu Wen‐Yu , Yu Mei , Shapiro Jerry , McElwee Kevin J.
Published: October 2019

Alopecia areata (AA) is thought to be an autoimmune process. In other autoimmune diseases, the innate immune system and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) can play a significant role. Expression of TLR7, TLR9 and associated inducible genes was evaluated by quantitative PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 healthy individuals and 19 AA patients, categorized according to disease duration, activity and hair loss extent. Microdissected scalp biopsies from five patients and four controls were also assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistology. TLR9 was significantly upregulated 2.37 fold in AA PBMCs. Notably, TLR9 was most significantly upregulated in patients with active AA, as shown by a positive hair pull test, compared to stable AA patients. In hair follicle bulbs from AA patients, IFNG and TLR7 exhibited statistically significant 3.85 and 2.70 fold increases in mRNA, respectively. Immunohistology revealed TLR7 present in lesional follicles, while TLR9 positive cells were primarily observed peri‐bulbar to AA affected hair follicles. The increased expression of TLR7 and TLR9 suggest components of the innate immune system may be active in AA pathogenesis.
Perceptions of War Trauma and Healing of Marital Relations Among Torture‐surviving Congolese Couples Participating in Multicouple Therapy
Authors: Morgan Erin , Wieling Elizabeth , Hubbard Jon , Dwanyen Lekie
Published: October 2019

Citizens of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced widespread torture during national wars between 1998 and 2003. Couples who survived and stayed intact suffered tremendous relationship stress. This study used a critical ethnography framework to explore the prewar, wartime, and postwar experiences of 13 torture‐surviving couples who participated in a 10‐session Torture‐Surviving Couple Group in 2008 in the DRC. The group was designed to address the relational effects of torture and war trauma. Participants reported profound negative effects of the war on their relationships; mostly positive experiences during the group, including marital and peer connection and relationship growth; and a number of improvements in their relationship after the group. Implications include support for the use of relational interventions informed by both treatments for traumatic stress and couple approaches to promote trauma healing. Future directions call for increased funding, research, training, and clinical action to treat the effects of traumatic stress on relational family dynamics.
Effects of ocean climate on the length and condition of forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Thompson Sarah Ann , García‐Reyes Marisol , Sydeman William J. , Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Hatch Scott A. , Piatt John F.
Published: October 2019

Climatic drivers of the size and body condition of forage fish in the North Pacific are poorly known. We hypothesized that length and condition of forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) vary in relation to ocean temperature on multiple scales. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed morphometric data for capelin (Mallotus catervarius) and Pacific sand lance (PSL; Ammodytes personatus) sampled by a seabird (Cerorhinca monocerata) in two regions of the GoA, 1993–2016. Based on previous studies, we predicted that capelin length and body condition (Fulton's K) would be negatively related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and sea surface temperature (SST), whereas PSL length and condition would be positively related. Interannual variation in length and body condition was evaluated relative to seasonal values of ocean climate using regression. Forage fish length and condition varied interannually, between sampling regions, and were dependent on the size/age class of the fish sampled. As predicted, length and body condition of capelin (mostly age 1+) were negatively related to the PDO and SST. Relationships with ocean climate for PSL varied by size/age class: positive for putative age‐0 fish and negative for putative age‐1+ fish. We conclude that our hypothesis was supported for capelin and partially supported for PSL. This study demonstrates that ocean climate determines key morphometric characteristics of forage fish that may relate to interannual variation in the energetic value of prey, and provides an example of how seabirds can be used to obtain specimens for evaluations of potential prey quality.
Spatial and temporal homogenisation of freshwater macrofaunal communities in ditches
Authors: Musters C. J. M. , Hunting Ellard R. , Schrama Maarten , Cieraad E. , Barmentlo S. Henrik , Ieromina Oleksandra , Vijver Martina G. , van Bodegom Peter M.
Published: October 2019

There is a widespread concern that we are witnessing an ongoing homogenisation of ecological communities. However, in contrast to human impacts on spatial patterns in biodiversity, human impacts on the temporal aspects of β‐diversity have received little attention. Moreover, the interplay between spatial and temporal β‐diversity is poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed dissimilarity within freshwater macrofaunal communities of drainage ditches to determine spatiotemporal β‐diversity as well as homogenisation in relation to different types of land use.

We considered four distinct changes in community composition: spatial turnover, temporal turnover, spatial variation over time, and temporal variation in space, as well as the combined effects of space and time on β‐diversity. As a metric of dissimilarity, we calculated the taxonomic Hellinger distance between samples from different locations and time points and correlated these with distance in space and in time, as well as with three spatial variables, including land‐use type, and two temporal variables. We studied the effect of interactions between spatial and temporal variables on dissimilarity by applying a permutational analysis of variance.

Our results illustrate the importance of changes in community composition in time with respect to temporal turnover, spatial variation over time, and temporal variation in space. While we did not find spatial turnover in community composition, both month and year had a considerable effect. Within a year, β‐diversity decreased over the months, yet these assembly patterns differed between years. This suggests major effects of seasonal and year‐to‐year dynamics on β‐diversity. Land use was also observed to be a main driver: ditches in nature conservation areas had higher β‐diversity and temporal heterogeneity was lowest in ditches adjacent to the most intensive agricultural land‐use category, indicating that agricultural practices can homogenise biodiversity in both space and time.

By analysing the spatial and temporal β‐diversity patterns in freshwater macrofaunal communities in concert, we have shown that β‐diversity is a sensitive and highly informative metric of both spatial and temporal changes in community composition.
Uncovering hidden genetic variation in photosynthesis of field‐grown maize under ozone pollution
Authors: Choquette Nicole E. , Ogut Funda , Wertin Timothy M. , Montes Christopher M. , Sorgini Crystal A. , Morse Alison M. , Brown Patrick J. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , McIntyre Lauren M. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2019

Ozone is the most damaging air pollutant to crops, currently reducing Midwest US maize production by up to 10%, yet there has been very little effort to adapt germplasm for ozone tolerance. Ozone enters plants through stomata, reacts to form reactive oxygen species in the apoplast and ultimately decreases photosynthetic C gain. In this study, 10 diverse inbred parents were crossed in a half‐diallel design to create 45 F1hybrids, which were tested for ozone response in the field using free air concentration enrichment (FACE). Ozone stress increased the heritability of photosynthetic traits and altered genetic correlations among traits. Hybrids from parents Hp301 and NC338 showed greater sensitivity to ozone stress, and disrupted relationships among photosynthetic traits. The physiological responses underlying sensitivity to ozone differed in hybrids from the two parents, suggesting multiple mechanisms of response to oxidative stress. FACE technology was essential to this evaluation because genetic variation in photosynthesis under elevated ozone was not predictable based on performance at ambient ozone. These findings suggest that selection under elevated ozone is needed to identify deleterious alleles in the world's largest commodity crop.
Joint Estimation of Gross Recharge, Groundwater Usage, and Hydraulic Properties within HydroSight
Authors: Peterson Tim J. , Fulton Simon
Published: October 2019

Groundwater management decisions are often founded upon estimates of aquifer hydraulic properties, recharge and the rate of groundwater usage. Too often hydraulic properties are unavailable, recharge estimates are very uncertain, and usage is unmetered or infrequently metered over only recent years or estimated using numerical groundwater models decoupled from the drivers of drawdown. This paper extends the HydroSight groundwater time‐series package (
http://peterson‐tim‐j.github.io/HydroSight/) to allow the joint estimation of gross recharge, transmissivity, storativity, and daily usage at multiple production bores. A genetic evolutionary scheme was extended from estimating time‐series model parameters to also estimating time series of usage that honor metered volumes at each production bore and produces (1) the best fit with the observed hydrograph and (2) plausible estimates of actual evapotranspiration and hence recharge. The reliability of the approach was rigorously tested. Repeated calibration of models for four bores produced estimates of transmissivity, storativity, and mean recharge that varied by a factor of 0.22‐0.32, 0.13‐0.2, and 0.03‐0.48, respectively, when recharge boundary effects were low and the error in monthly, quarterly, and biannual metered usage was generally <10%. Application to the 30 observation bores within the Warrion groundwater management area (Australia), produced a coefficient of efficiency of ≥0.80 at 22 bores and ≥0.90 at 12 bores. The aquifer transmissivity and storativity were reasonably estimated, and were consistent with independent estimates, while mean gross recharge may be slightly overestimated. Overall, the approach allows greater insights from the available data and provides opportunity for the exploration of usage and climatic scenarios.
Real‐world direct oral anticoagulant experience in atrial fibrillation: falls risk and low dose anticoagulation are predictive of both bleeding and stroke risk
Authors: Brook Rowena , Aswapanyawongse Oranut , Tacey Mark , Kitipornchai Tanun , Ho Prahlad , Lim Hui Y.
Published: October 2019

Background

Clinical trials have demonstrated that direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are non‐inferior to vitamin K antagonist for stroke prevention in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with comparable safety outcomes; however, real‐world Australian data are limited.

Aims

To evaluate local real‐world DOAC use focussing on safety, particularly in high‐risk patients.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of 658 patients commenced or continued on DOAC between September 2013 and September 2016 for non‐valvular AF at Northern Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia was performed.

Results

Factor Xa inhibitors were more commonly prescribed than direct thrombin inhibitors (83.3 vs 16.7%) for AF management. The median patient age was 75 years. The rate of clinically significant bleeding on anticoagulation was 3.13 per 100 person‐years (including four deaths) with risk factors including history of bleeding (hazard ratio (HR) 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–10.17), concurrent antiplatelet therapy (HR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.11–6.20) and high falls risk (HR 2.76, 95% CI: 1.26–6.08). Patients on low‐dose DOAC had significantly higher bleeding risk compared with those on full dose (5.05 vs 1.82 per 100 person‐years). The rate of thrombotic stroke despite anticoagulation was 1.34 per 100 person‐years with risk factors including low dose anticoagulation (P = 0.034), high falls risk (P = 0.046) and previous stroke (P = 0.028).

Conclusions

DOAC use in real‐world Australian practice is safe and effective, consistent with international data. Low dose anticoagulation and falls risk are associated with increased bleeding and thrombotic risk demonstrating overlapping risk factors. Careful individualised patient risk assessment is still required as low dose anticoagulation is not without risks.
A GRASP with path‐relinking and restarts heuristic for the prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem
Authors: Marzo Ruslán G. , Ribeiro Celso C.
Published: October 2019

Given a graph with its vertex set partitioned into a set of groups, nonnegative costs associated to its edges, and nonnegative prizes associated to its vertices, the prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem consists in finding a subtree of this graph that spans exactly one vertex of each group and minimizes the sum of the costs of the edges of the tree less the prizes of the selected vertices. It is a generalization of the NP‐hard generalized minimum spanning tree optimization problem. We propose a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) heuristic for its approximate solution, incorporating path‐relinking for search intensification and a restart strategy for search diversification. The hybridization of the GRASP with path‐relinking and restarts heuristic with a data mining strategy that is applied along with the GRASP iterations, after the elite set is modified and becomes stable, contributes to making the heuristic more robust. The computational experiments show that the heuristic developed in this work found very good solutions for test problems with up to 439 vertices. All input data for the test instances and detailed numerical results are made available from Mendeley Data.
Grain boundary engineering that induces ultrahigh permittivity and decreased dielectric loss in CdCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Peng Zhanhui , Wu Di , Liang Pengfei , Zhou Xiaobin , Wang Jitong , Zhu Jie , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei
Published: October 2019

Dielectric materials with ultrahigh permittivity are attracting attention due to the increasing demand for these types of materials for microelectronics and energy storage applications. In this work, we successfully synthesized Zn‐doped CdCu3Ti4O12 (CdCTO) ceramics with low dielectric loss and large permittivity via an ordinary mixed‐oxide technique. Remarkably, at a Zn doping level of 0.10, a CdCu2.9Zn0.1Ti4O12 ceramic exhibited both decreased dielectric loss tangent of ~0.058 and large dielectric permittivity > 4.0 × 104, as well as a good frequency stability over a wide frequency range from 40 Hz to 106 Hz. The high dielectric performance was attributed to the enhanced grain boundary resistance and internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) effect due to the fine and uniform grains that formed upon Zn doping. The findings reported in this work provide valuable insights into how to simultaneously realize a low dielectric loss and high permittivity in CdCTO and other related dielectric ceramics.
Time use of advanced practice nurses in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goemaes Régine , Lernout Emma , Goossens Sophie , Decoene Elsie , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri , Van Hecke Ann
Published: October 2019

Aims

To examine the use of time by advanced practice nurses and time use differences according to type of healthcare organization, work experience, and supervisor.

Design

A cross‐sectional, observational study.

Methods

Non‐participant observations were executed in Belgium (October 2015–January 2016). Time use was categorized in domains (patient/family, team, healthcare organization) and roles (clinical expert, educator/coach, change agent/innovator, researcher, leader, collaborator, and ethical decision‐making facilitator). Proportional working time in domains and roles was calculated. Chi‐squared tests identified differences in time use according to type of healthcare organization, number of years of work experience, and type of hierarchical/functional supervisor.

Results

Participants mainly devoted time to the patient/family domain (30.78%) and the clinical expert role (34.19%). The role of leader and ethical decision‐making facilitator covered, respectively, 4.84% and 0.07% of participants’ time. Time distribution in domains and roles differed between participants in university and peripheral hospitals.

Conclusion

Activities were executed in all domains and roles, except for the ethical decision‐making facilitator role. Further research could uncover barriers and facilitators for role execution, especially about leadership and ethical decision‐making.

Impact

Advanced practice nurses, supervisors and policymakers could act to optimize advanced practice nurses’ scope of practice.
Harnessing ward‐level administrative data and expert knowledge to improve staffing decisions: A multi‐method case study
Authors: Duffield Christine , Roche Michael A. , Wise Sarah , Debono Deborah
Published: October 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changes to bed configuration and patient mix on nurses’ workload in a single ward.

Design

Multi‐method case study.

Method

The study was undertaken in an acute 28‐bed ward in a tertiary referral public hospital in Queensland, Australia. Ward‐level administrative data were obtained for a 2‐year period, 12 months before bed configuration changes in October 2015 and 12 months after. These data included patient activity (bed occupancy, transfers, length of stay and casemix) and nurse staffing (budgeted and actual staffing levels, employment status and skillmix). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ward nurses (N = 17) to explore the impact of the bed configuration changes on their workload.

Results

Administrative data showed that the bed configuration changes resulted in more complex and dependent patients, increased patient transfers and greater variability in casemix. The interview data found these changes to patient complexity and activity intensified workloads, which were further increased by staffing decisions that resulted in greater reliance on temporary staff.

Conclusion

Hospitals already possess the data and expert knowledge needed to improve staffing and bed management decisions without the need for additional, costly workload systems.

Impact

Determining appropriate nurse staffing in light of the complexities and variation of patient needs at the ward level remains a challenge. This study identified increases in patient complexity, dependency, variability and churn that increased workload. Staffing grew but hidden factors associated with temporary staffing and skillmix further intensified nurses’ workload. Harnessing existing data and the expertise and experience of nursing unit managers (NUMs) would help staff wards more efficiently and effectively, providing reasonable workloads and appropriate skillmix that can enhance the safety and quality of patient care. To facilitate this, NUMs need access to accurate, timely, data and authority in staffing and bed management decisions.
Mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses
Authors: Chen Juan , Li Jiping , Cao Bingrong , Wang Feng , Luo Li , Xu Jiajun
Published: October 2019

Aims

To examine the mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety among young Chinese nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was used.

Methods

Full‐time young nurses (N = 1,029) who worked in nine tertiary grade A hospitals in Chengdu China were recruited from December 2016–March 2017. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the mediating effects.

Results

Job stress had a direct positive effect on anxiety (β = 0.054) and it also exerted indirect positive effects on depression (β = 0.337) and anxiety (β = 0.325) through mediating factors. Emotional exhaustion and social support were the main mediating variables, accounting for 72.0% of the variation in anxiety and nearly 43.4% in depression.

Conclusion

Emotional exhaustion and social support may have significant mediating effects in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety. Strategies including deceasing emotional exhaustion, enhancing social support in work environment, and reducing job stressors would be useful to prevent depression and anxiety among young nurses.

Impact

What problems did the study address?

Depression and anxiety have great impact on professional performance of nurses and even patient safety.

Factors such as coping, burnout, etc., may have different mediating effects in the paths from job stress to depression and anxiety.

What were the main findings?

Job stress had direct and indirect positive effects on anxiety and it only had indirect positive effect on depression.

Emotional exhaustion and social support were the main mediating variables in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety.

Where and on whom will the research have impact?

Nursing managers should be more cognizant of the impact of job stress on the development of depression and anxiety.

The significant mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and social support in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety should be emphasized by nursing administrators and effective targeted measures need to be adopted.
SMG1 heterozygosity exacerbates haematopoietic cancer development in Atm null mice by increasing persistent DNA damage and oxidative stress
Authors: Ho Uda , Luff John , James Alexander , Lee Cheok Soon , Quek Hazel , Lai Hui‐Chi , Apte Simon , Lim Yi Chieh , Lavin Martin F. , Roberts Tara L.
Published: October 2019

Suppressor of morphogenesis in genitalia 1 (SMG1) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are members of the PI3‐kinase like–kinase (PIKK) family of proteins. ATM is a well‐established tumour suppressor. Loss of one or both alleles of ATM results in an increased risk of cancer development, particularly haematopoietic cancer and breast cancer in both humans and mouse models. In mice, total loss of SMG1 is embryonic lethal and loss of a single allele results in an increased rate of cancer development, particularly haematopoietic cancers and lung cancer. In this study, we generated mice deficient in Atm and lacking one allele of Smg1, Atm−/−Smg1gt/+ mice. These mice developed cancers more rapidly than either of the parental genotypes, and all cancers were haematopoietic in origin. The combined loss of Smg1 and Atm resulted in a higher level of basal DNA damage and oxidative stress in tissues than loss of either gene alone. Furthermore, Atm−/−Smg1gt/+ mice displayed increased cytokine levels in haematopoietic tissues compared with wild‐type animals indicating the development of low‐level inflammation and a pro‐tumour microenvironment. Overall, our data demonstrated that combined loss of Atm expression and decreased Smg1 expression increases haematopoietic cancer development.
Estimating the Accuracy of Relative Growth Measures Using Empirical Data
Authors: Castellano Katherine E. , McCaffrey Daniel F.
Published: October 2019

The residual gain score has been of historical interest, and its percentile rank has been of interest more recently given its close correspondence to the popular Student Growth Percentile. However, these estimators suffer from low accuracy and systematic bias (bias conditional on prior latent achievement). This article explores three alternatives—using the expected a posterior (EAP), conditioning on an additional lagged score, and correcting for measurement error bias from the prior score (Corrected‐Observed)—evaluated in terms of their systematic bias, squared correlation with their target (R2), and proportional reduction in mean squared error (PRMSE). Both analytic results (under model assumptions) and empirical results (found using item response data to calculate the growth estimators) reveal that the EAP estimators are the most accurate, whereas the Corrected‐Observed removes systematic bias, but reduces overall accuracy. Adding another prior year often decreases accuracy but only slightly reduces systematic bias at realistic test reliabilities. For all estimators, R2 and PRMSE are substantially below levels that are considered necessary for reporting educational measurements with moderate to high stakes. For all but the EAP, the raw residual gain estimators have negative PRMSE, indicating that inferences about a student's latent growth would be more accurate if students were assigned the average residual rather than estimating their residual.
BCL6 BTB‐specific inhibition via FX1 treatment reduces Tfh cells and reverses lymphoid follicle hyperplasia in Indian rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Cai Yanhui , Watkins Meagan A. , Xue Fengtian , Ai Yong , Cheng Huiming , Midkiff Cecily C. , Wang Xiaolei , Alvarez Xavier , Poli Adi Narayana Reddy , Salvino Joseph M. , Veazey Ronald S. , Montaner Luis J.
Published: October 2019

Background

The BTB domain of B‐cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) protein was identified as a therapeutic target for B‐cell lymphoma. This study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the BCL6 BTB inhibitor (FX1) between mice and macaques, as well as evaluating its lymphoid suppressive effect in uninfected macaques with lymphoid hyperplasia.

Materials and Methods

Eight uninfected adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used in the study, four animals carrying lymphoid tissue hyperplasia. Plasma FX1 levels were measured by HPLC‐MS/MS. Lymph node biopsies were used for H&E and immunohistochemistry staining, as well as mononuclear cell isolation for flow cytometry analysis.

Results

Inhibition of the BCL6 BTB domain with FX1 led to a reduction in the frequency of GC, Tfh CD4+, and Tfh precursor cells, as well as resolving lymphoid hyperplasia, in rhesus macaques.

Conclusions

B‐cell lymphoma 6 inhibition may represent a novel strategy to reduce hyperplastic lymphoid B‐cell follicles and decrease Tfh cells.
Tenocytes form a 3‐D network and are connected via nanotubes
Authors: Egerbacher Monika , Gabner Simone , Battisti Sarah , Handschuh Stephan
Published: October 2019

Cells use different cell adhesion and communication structures to promote tissue development, maintenance of tissue integrity as well as repair and regenerative processes. Another recently discovered way of information exchange is long‐distance thin cellular processes called nanotubes (NTs), mainly studied in vitro. Information on the existence and relevance of NTs in vivo is sparse. Building on two references which hint at the potential existence of longitudinally directed cell processes resembling NTs, we investigated tendons from young (3 weeks) and adult (9 weeks, 4 and 8 months) Fisher rats. Whole mounts of rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTfs) and sections of Achilles, flexor, extensor and patellar tendons were stained with Deep Red plasma membrane and DAPI nuclear stain and immunolabelled with Connexin43 (Cx43). In addition, 3‐D reconstruction of serial semithin sections and TEM was used to verify the presence of NTs. We were able to demonstrate NTs as straight thin longitudinal processes (Ø 100–500 nm) reaching up to several 100 μm in length, mainly originating from lateral sheet‐like cell processes or cell bodies in all tendon types investigated. NTs were observed to distend between tenocyte rows at the same level but also connect cells of different rows, thus leading to a complex 3‐D cellular scaffold. Shorter NTs connected lateral cell sheets of tenocytes in the same row, omitting one or two cells. In addition, we detected links or potential branching of NTs. Cx43 immunostaining for the detection of gap junctions revealed Cx43‐positive foci at the end‐to‐end contacts of tenocyte cell bodies as well as along their contacting sheet‐like processes. Only rarely, we found clear Cx43 signals at their potential contact points between NTs and tendon cells as well as along the course of NTs, and most NTs appeared completely devoid of Cx43 signals. Therefore, we conclude that NTs in tendons could have a twofold function: long‐distance communication as well as stabilization of a mechanically challenged tissue. From in vitro studies it is known that NTs allow intercellular transmission of various cell components, offering potential protective effects for the respective tissue. Further studies on functional properties of NTs in tendons under changing mechanical loading regimens are required in the future. The fact that NTs are present in tendons may necessitate the reconsideration of our traditional understanding of cell‐to‐cell communication.
Ambulatory Assessment of Adolescent Coping: It's a Complicated Process
Authors: Duvenage Megan , Uink Bep N. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Barber Bonnie L. , Donovan Caroline L. , Modecki Kathryn L.
Published: October 2019

Scholars have long‐called for researchers to treat coping as a process that is measured over an arc of time. Ambulatory assessment (AA) offers an appealing tool for capturing the dynamic process of adolescent coping. However, challenges in capturing the coping process are not altogether circumvented withAAdesigns. We conducted a scoping review of theAAliterature on adolescent coping and draw from 60 studies to provide an overview of the field. We provide critiques of differentAAapproaches and highlight benefits and costs associated with various types of measurement withinAA. We also speak to considerations of participant burden and compliance. We conclude with recommendations for developmental scholars seeking to deployAAto capture this quintessential process among adolescents.
MDMA Is Not Ecstasy: The Production of Pharmaceutical Safety through Documents in Clinical Trials
Authors: Hendy Katherine
Published: October 2019

Nonprofit efforts to develop ±3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)—better known as the street drug Ecstasy—as a prescription pharmaceutical provide the opportunity to examine recent theorizations of pharmaceuticals as fluid objects transformed in new informational and material environments. Drawing from ethnographic research, this article interrogates MDMA researchers’ own distinction between MDMA and the street drug Ecstasy. While researchers maintain that pure MDMA is distinct from Ecstasy, this article argues that the difference between the two hangs not on a distinction in substance, but on a distinction in safety that must be produced through the trial. This article tracks the production of safety through the inter‐connected work of clinical documents, which manage both which bodies are allowed to absorb the drug and which bodily events count as effects. MDMA's safety emerges from the careful management of relations through these documentary practices.
Ultrasound‐guided botulinum toxin therapy for deep muscles in cervical dystonia
Authors: Mezaki Takahiro
Published: October 2019

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is the established first line of treatment for cervical dystonia, and the accurate injection into target muscles is of paramount importance to improve the treatment outcome. To this purpose, guided injections with the electromyography or the ultrasound (US) are commonly utilized. The current review provides personally invented US‐guided procedures to approach the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI), the semispinalis cervicis, the longissimus capitis, and the rectus capitis posterior major muscles for BoNT injection. Among them the OCI is particularly important because it is a strong head rotator and is an essential target for rotatocollis. The OCI is also involved in no‐no type of dystonic tremor and jaw protrusion (sagittal shift) and should be dealt with as a target of treatment in the routine practice. The US‐guided muscle identification followed by BoNT injection is a fundamental technique particularly for deep cervical muscles. As for the rectus capitis posterior major muscle, however, its demonstration technique with the US seems challenging.
Clinical Efficacy of Three Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Cervicothoracic Tuberculosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Wen‐jie , Tang Yong , Lyu Jing‐tong , Yang Sen , Wang Dong‐Gui , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xun , Deng Jie‐zhong , Luo Fei , Hou Tian‐Yong , Xu Jian‐zhong , Zhang Ze‐hua
Published: October 2019

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of three surgical approaches for the treatment of cervicothoracic tuberculosis.

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective study. We analyzed 74 patients with cervicothoracic tuberculosis who were treated in six institutions between January 2000 and January 2015. There were 37 male and 37 female patients, with an average age of 24 years (range, 5–62 years). The operative method was selected according to the indications. A total of 33 patients underwent one‐stage anterior surgery (group A); 16 underwent a combined anterior and posterior surgery (group B) and 25 underwent one‐stage posterior surgery (group C). Clinical outcomes, laboratory indexes, and radiological results were analyzed.

Results

All cases were followed up for approximately 36–96 months post‐surgery (average, 39 months). At the last follow‐up, patients in all three groups had achieved bone fusion, with pain relief and neurological recovery. No major vessel and nerve injuries were found during the operation. There were significant differences before and after treatment for visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score (P < 0.001). Three surgical strategies significantly improved kyphosis (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The choice of operation for cervicothoracic tuberculosis should be selected based on the pathological changes, scope, and general physical condition of the patient. The indication for a posterior approach is narrow and it should be used selectively. The combined anterior and posterior approach involved a longer operating time, larger blood loss, and greater trauma, and also required a higher level of surgical skill. Therefore, the indications for this approach should be strictly controlled. Anterior approach surgery for the treatment of cervicothoracic tuberculosis showed excellent efficacy and fewer complications.
Does treatment with propranolol affect quality of life in infantile hemangioma patients and their parents?
Authors: de Wild Sabine R. , Moyakine Andre V. , van der Vleuten Catharina J. M.
Published: October 2019

This study compares the quality of life (QoL) of infantile hemangioma (IH) patients and their parents at the beginning of the involution phase with QoL in the growth phase. Additionally, the differences in QoL between propranolol‐treated patients and non‐treated patients are assessed. Overall, QoL seems to improve, even before involution occurs. Due to the efficacy of propranolol treatment, the impact on QoL remains relatively mild even in patients with severe IH.
Migration decisions under ambiguity: Migration distance effects revisited
Authors: Lim Sung Soo
Published: October 2019

There is ample evidence that distance has a strong negative effect on migration. Despite its significance in migration decisions, scholars rarely explore the migration distance effect deeper than the first level of interpretation derived from the simple neoclassical theory of migration. This study revisits the migration distance effect in the spirit of Knightian distinction between risk and uncertainty. To this end, this study attempts to construct estimates of the risk premium migrants are willing to pay to avoid the risk associated with migration distance. The results show that the magnitude of the distance effect is not rationalized by risk aversion in the Arrow–Pratt sense (Arrow, 1965, The theory of risk aversion, Yrjo Jahnssonin Saatio, Helsinki, Finland, 90; Pratt, 1964, Econometrica, 32, 122). In particular, the risk premium demanded by distant rural residents is unjustifiably higher compared with that of those living closer to urban areas in their migration decisions. The results suggest that the migration distance effect is analogous to the equity home bias puzzle and the Ellsberg paradox in that the assumption of subjective expected utility can lead to seemingly irrational human behaviors. Some of the findings in this study shed light on the role of subjective aspects such as perception, confidence, and pessimism in migration decisions, which have been neglected in the literature.
Risk aversion, cooperative membership, and path dependences of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Alemayehu , Beuving Joost , Ruben Ruerd
Published: October 2019

Smallholder farmers in Sub‐Saharan Africa often mitigate production risks through cooperative membership: institutionalized arrangements where they pool resources and collectively manage production and marketing chains. Cooperative membership has a significant advantage: it cushions detrimental effects of external forces, placing a premium on a risk‐seeking attitude (experimenting and innovating), which can yield greater accumulation. However, cooperatives are self‐selective institutions: relatively better‐endowed farmers, who are usually less risk‐avoidant than poorer ones (a consequence of their broader material bases), tend to be overrepresented. These two realities complicate the causal assessment of the relationships between risk attitudes, farmers’ socioeconomic status, and cooperative membership that is essential to comprehend the role of cooperatives in local capital accumulation. To help resolve this thorny analytical problem, an experimental study was carried out in eastern Ethiopia—a risky production environment where cooperatives feature prominently and relatively affluent farmers exist alongside poorer ones. It unveils the working of specific path dependences: poorer cooperative members are less risk seeking than nonmembers, but at an interval much less than that observed for affluent farmers. For development policies, this suggests that a greater payoff can be expected from investing in farmers’ material bases than from further improving cooperative membership.
Neutropenia and renal dysfunction due to intravesical cidofovir for virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis after kidney and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations
Authors: Shimizu Takuya , Kondo Tadakazu , Matsumoto Kana , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Yamashita Kouhei , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi
Published: October 2019

We present a patient with virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis who underwent kidney and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo‐HSCT). Six months post‐allo‐HSCT, adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis occurred, which has been in remission after a single dose of intravesical cidofovir. This might cause prolonged neutropenia and nephrotoxicity, suggesting cidofovir absorption in the blood.
Risk of intra‐articular injection with longitudinal ultrasound‐guided injection of collateral ligaments of the equine distal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Smith Roger , Parsons Jennifer , Dixon Jonathon
Published: October 2019

Desmopathy of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint is a common cause of equine foot lameness and carries a poor prognosis with conservative management. Intralesional injections may improve healing, although accuracy of radiographically guided injections is significantly less than when guided by MRI, which requires special needles. Longitudinal ultrasound‐guided injection of the distal collateral ligament has not been evaluated objectively. In this prospective, anatomic study, seven equine cadaver limbs (14 collateral ligaments) were injected with methylene blue dye and radiographic contrast medium using ultrasound to guide the needle longitudinally into the collateral ligaments until contacting bone. The insertion site of the needle proximal to the coronary band was measured on the limb and the needles left in place for radiography and CT to evaluate the needle angulation, location of the contrast medium, and whether the contrast entered the distal interphalangeal joint. The limbs were frozen and sectioned with a band saw to identify the location of the dye. Fifty percentage of injections were in or around the collateral ligaments. However, the percentage of “successful” injections, defined as in the collateral ligament but not in the joint, was only 36%. All legs had dye and contrast in the joint after both ligaments had been injected. There were no significant differences between the needle angle and entry site for “successful” and “unsuccessful” injections. Findings from this study indicates that the success rate is low for injecting the distal portions of the distal interphalangeal joint collateral ligaments using ultrasound guidance alone.
Del misterio de la trascendencia a la maravilla de la donación: el enigma en La idea de la fenomenología de Husserl
Authors: Inverso Hernán H.
Published: October 2019

La idea de la fenomenología constituye el resultado del primer curso que Husserl diseñó para dar cuenta de las novedades disciplinares que trajo aparejado el giro trascendental ocurrido alrededor de 1905. Se trata, por tanto, no solo de un documento importante de esta inflexión, sino tam- bién de una obra de alto impacto en la tradición fenomenológica pos- terior. En este trabajo nos detendremos en tres aspectos de la categoría de enigma (Rätsel): la manera como esta caracteriza a la trascendencia, la apelación a la figura de objetores y la cuestión de la donación y sus modos. Este recorrido permitirá poner de relieve aspectos centrales y poco explo- rados de la fenomenología trascendental en sus inicios.
Universally Applicable Fabrication Technique for Biomimetic Nanocone Arrays on Flexible Polymer Substrates for Anti-Reflection Functionality
Authors: Li Yupeng , Liu Xia , Li Xiaoyu , Zhu Bao , Lei Mingkai , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: October 2019

Inspired by the anti-reflection functionality of cicada wings decorated with nanocone arrays, a facile technique to endow flexible polymer substrates of diverse chemical compositions with the same functionalities has been devised. In this universally applicable two-step technique based on a capacitatively coupled radiofrequency plasma (CCRP), first oxygen-plasma treatment (OPT) is implemented to grow arrays of vertical elongated nanostructures with almost uniform cross-sectional diameter of the polymer substrate, and then fluorocarbon polymer deposition (FPD) is carried out so that the nanostructures evolve into nanocones with small apex angle. The dependence of ion-bombardment-induced sputtering on the local impingement angle of ions taper the vertical nanostructures into the nanocones during the FPD under CCRP. The nanocone arrays exhibit low specular reflectance in a broad wavelength range and a wide incidence angle range that is quite insensitive to the polarization state of the incident light. The effective refractive index gradient of irregularly arranged nanocone arrays is characterized from the refractive index of the fluorocarbon polymer and the volume fraction considering the nanocone probability with the Gaussian distribution. The excellent broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflection properties are in consequence of a graded refractive index.
Accelerated Multifidelity Emulator Modeling for Probabilistic Rotor Response Study
Authors: Bae Harok , Boyd Ian M. , Carper Emily B. , Brown Jeff
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an efficient methodology to build a modal solution emulator for the probabilistic study of geometrically mistuned bladed rotors by using the newly developed localized-Galerkin multifidelity (LGMF) modeling and eigensolution reanalysis (ER) with the symmetric successive matrix inversion (SSMI) methods. The key idea of the mistuned blade emulator is to establish a reduced functional relationship between the stochastic geometric variations and the disturbed modal responses. The prediction accuracy of an emulator generally depends on how many training samples of modal solutions are available and how well the potential modal switching due to stochastic mistuning is captured. To reduce the computational costs of generating training samples without sacrificing accuracy, this paper introduces the collaborative framework of the new approaches of multifidelity (MF) modeling and ER. The proposed framework is demonstrated for its computational benefits with several numerical examples including the point-cloud scanned mistuned blade problem.
Modeling Deformation of Corroded Buried Steel Pipes and Design of Protective Measure
Authors: Wordu Alvan H. , Tee Kong Fah , Shafiee Mahmood
Published: October 2019

Corrosion damage is reported to be one of the leading causes of steel pipeline failure causing significant financial losses to operators and damage to the surrounding environment. As part of a rising confrontation to pipeline integrity management, researchers are continuously seeking better ways to assist on how to identify, assess, and prevent such incidents. Thus, there is a crucial need to establish a connection between assessment of pipeline condition and its structural stability. To achieve this, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed. The effects of geometry parameters such as defect thickness and spread angle are considered. Results show that thicker pipelines with corrosion groove perform better structurally than slender equivalents. The impact of corrosion damage is assessed to be significant on pipe stability with pipelines experiencing higher displacement and wall stresses with increasing defect depth and spread angle. A protective measure has been proposed using the buried pipes bedding system. The most critical spread angle is at 60 deg for unprotected pipe sections and 90 deg for bedded protected sections.
Application of Cross Sections Uncertainty Propagation Framework to Light and Heavy Water Reactor Systems
Authors: Huang Dongli , Abdel-Khalik Hany S.
Published: October 2019

Uncertainty quantification has been recognized by the community as an essential component of best-estimate reactor analysis simulation because it provides a measure by which the credibility of the simulation can be assessed. In a companion paper, a framework for the propagation of nuclear data uncertainties from the multigroup level through lattice physics and core calculations and ultimately to core responses of interest has been developed. The overarching goal of this framework is to automate the propagation, prioritization, mapping, and reduction of uncertainties for reactor analysis core simulation. This paper employs both heavy and light water reactor systems to exemplify the application of this framework. Specifically, the paper is limited to the propagation of the nuclear data starting with the multigroup cross section covariance matrix and down to core responses, e.g., eigenvalue and power distribution, in steady-state core wide calculations. The goal is to demonstrate how the framework employs reduction techniques to compress the uncertainty space into a very small number of active degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), which renders the overall process computationally feasible for day-to-day engineering evaluations.