bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIEWS ON RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AMONG BRAZILIAN LAWYERS DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: De Sá e Silva Fabio
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 has had deep impacts on the lives of individuals, organizations, and polities around the globe. Legal professionals and institutions were not absent from this story. Governments adopted different approaches to deal with the pandemic, which – at a time when social relations have become ever more judicialized – inevitably triggered legal disputes. Central to these disputes were restrictive measures such as lockdown for non-essential businesses, shelter-in-place and stay-at-home orders for communities, and compulsory quarantine for infected individuals. These disputes were further entangled with political conflict and polarization, as the case of Brazil under President Jair Bolsonaro well exemplifies. Against such backdrop, this article investigates: Did Brazilian legal professionals view those restrictive measures and the power of government entities to enact them to be consistent with ‘the law’? What explains variation in their views? By exploring data from rapid research carried out during the pandemic outbreak in Brazil, this article points to the role of variables such as pandemic understandings and experiences, political orientation and attitudes, and the nexus between legal knowledge and the State in shaping the attitude of such population. The implications to studies on legal professionals, pandemics, and the rule of law in Brazil and beyond are discussed.
panorama dos erros judiciários no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Henrique Borlido Haddad Carlos , Saldanha Pinheiro Pinto Victor
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo visa analisar os erros judiciários mais comuns no estado de Minas Gerais, por meio de dados coletados em ações de revisão criminal julgadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça no período de 2012 a 2020. O erro judiciário provoca, de forma evidente, um impacto prejudicial na vida do indivíduo. O artigo contextualiza o assunto, trazendo os aspectos da revisão criminal, elucidando sua finalidade, a justificativa de sua existência, bem como as hipóteses de sua ocorrência. Analisa-se nele uma base de dados composta por 4.561 revisões criminais e se verificam os erros mais frequentes, acompanhados de casos reais que ilustram cada situação. Ao final, é apresentado o principal erro cometido no Judiciário mineiro, relacionado à aplicação da pena, o que justifica especial atenção para a capacitação de magistrados no tema.
Praktykowanie cnoty opanowania w humanistyce. O niektórych współczesnych trudnościach
Authors: Rozwadowski Łukasz
Published: February 2023

Tekst traktuje o cnocie opanowania rozumianej jako zdolność do zachowania celów poznawczych mimo czynników, które w tym przeszkadzają. Swoistym utrudnieniem jest typowy dla współczesności sposób przeżywania czasu, który koncentruje nas na tym, co bieżące i natychmiastowe. Szczególnie ujawnia się on w ramach wojen kulturowych.
W artykule została zaprezentowana polemika z Michałem P. Markowskim, wykazująca, że rozważanie cnoty opanowania i sposobu przeżywania czasu pozwoliłoby uniknąć postulowanego przez literaturoznawcę wyrzucenia wartości poza debatę publiczną. Wyzwaniem dla praktykowania cnoty opanowania są także stanowiska we współczesnej humanistyce akcentujące złożoność rzeczywistości.
Nano-TRAIL: a promising path to cancer therapy
Authors: Gampa Siri Chandana
Published: February 2023

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, also called apo-2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L), is a cytokine that triggers apoptosis by binding to TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) death receptors. Apoptosis occurs through either the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway. The administration of recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) or TRAIL-receptor (TRAIL-R) agonists promotes apoptosis preferentially in cancerous cells over normal cells in vitro; this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical studies. The limited efficacy of rhTRAIL in clinical trials could be attributed to drug resistance, short half-life, targeted delivery issues, and off-target toxicities. Nanoparticles are excellent drug and gene delivery systems characterized by improved permeability and retention, increased stability and biocompatibility, and precision targeting. In this review, we discuss resistance mechanisms to TRAIL and methods to overcome TRAIL resistance by using nanoparticle-based formulations developed for the delivery of TRAIL peptides, TRAIL-R agonists, and TRAIL genes to cancer cells. We also discuss combinatorial approaches of chemotherapeutic drugs with TRAIL. These studies demonstrate TRAIL’s potential as an anticancer agent.
Multimodal 4-arylchromene derivatives with microtubule-destabilizing, anti-angiogenic, and MYB-inhibitory activities
Authors: Köhler Leonhard H. F. , Reich Sebastian , Yusenko Maria , Klempnauer Karl-Heinz , Begemann Gerrit , Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard
Published: February 2023

Aim: Efficient and readily available anticancer drugs are sought as treatment options. For this reason, chromene derivatives were prepared using the one-pot reaction and tested for their anticancer and anti-angiogenic properties. Methods: 2-Amino-3-cyano-4-(aryl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromene compounds (2A-R) were repurposed or newly synthesized via a three-component reaction of 3-methoxyphenol, various aryl aldehydes, and malononitrile. We performed assays to study the inhibition of tumor cell growth (MTT assay), effects on microtubules (immunofluorescence), cell cycle (flow-activated cell sorting analysis), angiogenesis (zebrafish model), and MYB activity (luciferase reporter assay). Fluorescence microscopy was applied for localization studies via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction of an alkyne-tagged drug derivative. Results: Compounds 2A-C and 2F exhibited robust antiproliferative activities against several human cancer cell lines (50% inhibitory concentrations in the low nanomolar range) and showed potent MYB inhibition. The alkyne derivative 3 was localized in the cytoplasm after only 10 min of incubation. Substantial microtubule disruption and G2/M cell-cycle arrest were observed, where compound 2F stood out as a promising microtubule-disrupting agent. The study of anti-angiogenic properties showed that 2A was the only candidate with a high potential to inhibit blood vessel formation in vivo. Conclusion: The close interplay of various mechanisms, including cell-cycle arrest, MYB inhibition, and anti-angiogenic activity, led to identifying promising multimodal anticancer drug candidates.
Spyware Integrated with Prediction Models for Monitoring Corporate Computers
Authors: Noetzold Darlan , Rossetto Anubis Graciela De Moraes , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: February 2023

Technological innovations and the expansion of Internet access have produced significant changes in the configurations of organizations and, consequently, in the relationships between employees and employers. This new scenario generates the need for greater monitoring in the workplace in order to control inappropriate behavior or situations that may generate misfortunes. Two important problems faced are the dissemination of hate through networks and data leakage that can have social, psychological, and financial impacts. Thus, monitoring tools can be incorporated to assist in surveillance, and thus ensure the achievement of organizational objectives. This paper presents a workplace computer monitoring solution that integrates Spyware techniques, and text sentiment classification, along with a distributed microservices architecture, which aims to collect a range of information and generate alerts to managers regarding hate speech and vulnerabilities. Preliminary tests have been conducted to evaluate the performance of Spyware integrated with prediction models.
Experimental Lung Inflammation Induced by Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 is Controlled by Intranasal Instillation of Vitamin D
Authors: Souza William Danilo Fernandes de , Zorzella-Pezavento Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves , Ayupe Marina Caçador , Salgado Caio Loureiro , Oliveira Bernardo de Castro , Moreira Francielly , Silva Guilherme William da , Muraro Stefanie Primon , Souza Gabriela Fabiano de , Proença-Módena José Luiz , Araujo-Junior Joao Pessoa , Fonseca Denise , Sartori Alexandrina
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is a pandemic triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 whose peak occurred in the years 2020 and 2021. The main target of the virus is the lung and infection is associated to an accentuated inflammatory process involving mainly the innate arm of the immune system. Here, we described the induction of a pulmonary inflammatory process triggered by the intranasal (IN) instillation of UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 mice and then the evaluation of vitamin D (VitD) ability to control this process. The assays used to estimate the severity of lung involvement included total and differential number of cells in the BALF, histopathological analysis, quantification of T cell subsets and inflammatory mediators by RT-PCR, cytokine quantification in lung homogenates and flow cytometric analysis of cells recovered from lung parenchyma. IN instillation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 triggered a pulmonary inflammatory process, consisting of various cell types and mediators, resembling the typical inflammation found in COVID-19 patients. This inflammatory process was significantly decreased by IN delivery of vitD, but not by its IP administration, suggesting that this hormone has therapeutic potential in COVID-19 if locally applied.
Novel Quick Value Assessment Procedure Of The Bond Work Index
Authors: Todorović Dejan , Ivošević Branislav , Jovanović Vladimir , Radulović Dragan , Milošević Vladan , Pavlović Marko , Milićević Sonja
Published: February 2023

The bond index is an indicator of the grindability of the material and is widely used in the preparation of mineral raw materials and the cement industry. Paper offers new, abbreviated and simplified procedure to determine Bond work index that relies on first-order kinetics law and can be performed with any number of grinding cycles, depending on the desired accuracy of the required data. The parameters G and P80 of each grinding cycle are multiplied by the newly founded coefficients giDT and piDT to obtain values approximately equal to these parameters of the last grinding cycle when the equilibrium state is reached in the standard test. The paper presents comparative results obtained by standard Bond and new shortened procedure on individual samples of andesite, limestone, copper-ore and smelter slag and on composite samples of andesite from limestone and copper-ore with smelter slag in different mass ratios. As the number of grinding cycles increases, the precision of the shortened procedure increases, and the mean square error decrease 3.59%, 2.61% and 1.74% for two, three and four grinding cycles.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND TLC-BIOTOGRAPHY PROFILE OF THE ETHYL ACETAT FRACTION OF ASIAN PIGEONWINGS FLOWER (Clitoria ternatea) AGAINST Escherichia coli
Authors: Susilowati Ari , Putri Rizkya Suhardo , Mudyantini Widya
Published: February 2023

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by the presence of microorganisms that enter and develop in the body, causing several clinical symptoms and signs. One of the infectious diseases is diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli. There are many potential herbal plants as alternative antibacterial antibiotics, one of which comes from the Asian pigeonwings flower (Clitoria ternatea). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of pigeonwings flower, phytochemical compounds and its TLC-bioautography profile. The antibacterial compound of pigeonwings flower was extracted by maceration using ethanol and then fractionated by ethyl acetate and made solutions with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40%, respectively. The experiment was carried out with 3 replications using the well diffusion method and followed by TLC-bioautography to determine the TLC-bioautography profile. Phytochemical compounds of pigeonwings flower were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antibacterial activity data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA and continued with the Tukey HSD 5% through SPSS. The ethyl acetate fraction of pigeonwings flower had the best antibacterial activity at a concentration of 40% with an inhibition zone diameter of 11.54 mm. The diameter of the inhibition zone showed significantly different in each concentration and it can be said that the ethyl acetate fraction of pigeonwings flower was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli. The phytochemical compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction of pigeonwings flower are flavonoids and alkaloids with flavonoids being the most active compounds in inhibiting the growth of E. coli.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE "CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT" METHODOLOGY WITHIN THE QUALITYMANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT A PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kovalenko Svitlana , Litvinova Elena , Tkachenko Elena , Dyadyun Tatyana
Published: February 2023

The aim of the work is to form a mandatory methodology "Conformity Assessment" within the framework of the implementation of environmental and energy management systems in the context of the formation of an integrated management system at a pharmaceutical enterprise. The development and implementation of an integrated quality system at a pharmaceutical enterprise will contribute to the maximum achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprise and the fulfillment of the balanced requirements of all parties interested in the efficient and effective functioning of the pharmaceutical enterprise. It has been proven that the creation of an integrated quality system at a pharmaceutical enterprise will optimize all types of resources, combine and interconnect management processes, reduce possible contradictions between various aspects of an organization's activities, reduce the cost of developing, operating and certifying an enterprise management system, create a unified training system and a management system. documentation. The "Conformity Assessment" methodology and the Conformity Assessment Sheet to legislative and other requirements in the field of environmental management and energy management have been developed to provide an opportunity to consider the processes of the integrated quality system from the standpoint of their impact on the compliance of the enterprise's performance with the established requirements of stakeholders, rational use of energy resources, determine environmental aspects and their impact on the environment, plan and implement management measures to minimize risks, and contribute to the realization of opportunities by prioritizing the activities of the pharmaceutical enterprise.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MECHANISM OF INNOVATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Posokhov Ihor , Zhadan Yuliya , Kabysh Anna , Padalka Pavel
Published: February 2023

Аnalyzes publications on risk management at an enterprise and the need to create or improve an enterprise management mechanism by introducing a risk management mechanism. The efficiency of the functioning of the risk management system of a private company with foreign investments of the Dnipropetrovsk Oil Extraction Plant (PJSC II "DMEZ") was assessed. analysis of NPV in general for all areas of the enterprise's activities, taking into account its change depending on the functioning of the mechanism of innovative risk management.In the event of a negative value of Y, which indicates the insufficient effectiveness of risk management measures of Ukrainian processing enterprises, enterprises should carefully analyze the risk assessment systems in order to improve the accuracy of risk assessment and the cost of implementing risk management measures, optimize the costs of financing the system of management measures risks, enterprises should use well-known risk management tools more effectively, enterprises should monitor risk management measures once a month, adjust and control the reliability of risk assessment and the cost of implementing risk management measures, financial and investment types of risk that have more attractive conditions alternative investment should be insured with insurance companies. As an approbation of the above methodological approach to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of innovative risk management based on the use of the NPV factor, the corresponding calculations were performed according to formulas (5) - (12) for eleven analyzed processing enterprises of the fat and oil industry in Ukraine. It is concluded that the introduction of an innovative risk management mechanism can lead to a decrease in the integral risk by 2-3%.
INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO SOCIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS AND BUSINESS
Authors: Yuryeva Irina , Gariaieva Ganna
Published: February 2023

Social and labour relations are a key element of any economic system, so the topical issue for Ukraine is the study of theoretical principles of regulation of social and labour relations in countries with developed market economies, namely on the example of EU countries, in order to improve the effectiveness of national labour legislation. Social and labour relations, depending on the way of their regulation and methods of problem solving, are classified into types. The type of socio-labour relations is determined by their nature and the way they are regulated. The world experience, accumulated by countries with developed market economy, has different models of social and labour relations in its arsenal. In order to regulate social and labour relations, the state creates a system of legislative and rule-making activity. It covers such areas as employment, social policy, working conditions and protection, migration and demographic policy, etc. In foreign social practice, three models of social state, and consequently social policy, have become generally recognised: the liberal (Anglo-Saxon), continental European (conservative Scandinavian) (social democratic) models. The classification is based on the principles of accessibility, coverage and income redistribution in social security systems. The practice of influencing labour relations with the example of employment regulation is considered, where the main objective of the financial influence on employment is to stimulate the retention of the elderly and the creation of new jobs, as well as attracting more competitive groups to the labour market This is done by creating the most favourable climate for those entrepreneurs who in their activities contribute to the realisation of social and economic objectives. The International Labour Organisation has maintained the position in its documents that there is no single model of social partnership that is suitable for all countries.
Planning medical care for patients with cancer in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors:   The Territorial Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance of the Sverdlovsk Region, Shelyakin V.A. , Linnik S.А. ,   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Tretyakov D.A. ,   The Territorial Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance of the Sverdlovsk Region, Khudyaev A.S. ,   The Territorial Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance of the Sverdlovsk Region, Shvachko S.A. ,   N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
Published: February 2023

National project “Fight against oncological diseases 2019 - 2024” implemented for the fourth year. During this time, experience has been gained in planning the volume of medical care, including diagnostic tests, and financial support in the system of compulsory medical insurance, but there is no systematic analysis of planning problems. The purpose of this study was to study the planning by the subjects of the volume of medical care and their implementation of the target indicators of the territorial programs of state guarantees of free medical care (TPGG) and to identify planning problems. We analyzed the territorial programs of state guarantees of some subjects of the Russian Federation. Also, from the territorial CHI Funds (TFOMS) we received information on the performance of TPSG indicators: the volume of care in round-the-clock and day hospitals, planned and actually performed molecular genetic studies and cases of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in 2021 and the first half of 2022 of the year. We found significant problems, some of which have causes at the federal level, others are purely regional in nature, which lead to significant differences in planning the volume of medical care between the subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Planning the volume of medical care in the field of “Oncology” varies significantly between the subjects of the Russian Federation and has systemic difficulties, control over the effective use of funds is insufficient. We consider it necessary when planning medical care for the oncology profile in the Program of State Guarantees of Free Medical Care to take into account the standardized incidence rate per 100,000 population, and not the number of insured persons in the subject.
Early Joint Use Following Elbow Dislocation Limits Range-of-Motion Loss and Tissue Pathology in Posttraumatic Joint Contracture
Authors: Reiter Alex J. , Schott Hayden R. , Castile Ryan M. , Cannon Paul C. , Havlioglu Necat , Chamberlain Aaron M. , Lake Spencer P.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Simple elbow dislocation occurs at an incidence of 2.9 to 5.21 dislocations per 100,000 person-years, with as many as 62% of these patients experiencing long-term elbow joint contracture, stiffness, and/or pain. Poor outcomes and the need for secondary surgical intervention can often be prevented nonoperatively with early or immediate active mobilization and physical therapy. However, immobilization or limited mobilization may be necessary following trauma, and it is unknown how different periods of immobilization affect pathological changes in elbow joint tissue and how these changes relate to range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of varying the initiation of free mobilization on elbow ROM and histological features in an animal model of elbow posttraumatic joint contracture.

Methods:

Traumatic elbow dislocation was surgically induced unilaterally in rats. Injured forelimbs were immobilized in bandages for 3, 7, 14, or 21 days; free mobilization was then allowed until 42 days after injury. Post-mortem joint ROM testing and histological analysis were performed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare ROM data between control and injured groups, and Pearson correlations were performed between ROM parameters and histological outcomes.

Results:

Longer immobilization periods resulted in greater ROM reductions. The anterior and posterior capsule showed increases in cellularity, fibroblasts, adhesions, fibrosis, and thickness, whereas the measured outcomes in cartilage were mostly unaffected. All measured histological characteristics of the capsule were negatively correlated with ROM, indicating that higher degrees of pathology corresponded with less ROM.

Conclusions:

Longer immobilization periods resulted in greater ROM reductions, which correlated with worse histological outcomes in the capsule in an animal model of posttraumatic elbow contracture. The subtle differences in the timing of ROM and capsule tissue changes revealed in the present study provide new insight into the distinct timelines of biomechanical changes as well as regional tissue pathology.

Clinical Relevance:

This study showed that beginning active mobilization 3 days after injury minimized posttraumatic joint contracture, thereby supporting an immediate-motion clinical treatment strategy (when possible). Furthermore, uninjured but pathologically altered periarticular tissues near the injury location may contribute to more severe contracture during longer immobilization periods as the disease state progresses.
Neurological Survivorship Following Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Yick Victor Hin Ting , Zhang Changmeng , Wong Janus Siu Him , Ng Samuel Yan Lik , Wong Nicholas San Tung , Wang Hongfei , Koljonen Paul Aarne , Shea Graham Ka Hon
Published: February 2023

Background:

Long-term data on postoperative neurological survivorship for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) undergoing decompressive surgery are limited. The purposes of this study were to assess neurological survivorship after primary decompressive surgery for DCM and to identify predictors for postoperative deterioration.

Methods:

A longitudinal clinical data set containing surgical details, medical comorbidities, and radiographic features was assembled for 195 patients who underwent a surgical procedure for DCM between 1999 and 2020, with a mean period of observation of 75.9 months. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted, and a log-rank test was performed for the univariate analysis of factors related to neurological failure. Lasso regression facilitated the variable selection in the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis.

Results:

The overall neurological survivorship was 89.3% at 5 years and 77.3% at 10 years. Cox multivariate analysis following lasso regression identified elevated hazard ratios (HRs) for suture laminoplasty (HR, 4.76; p < 0.001), renal failure (HR, 4.43; p = 0.013), T2 hyperintensity (HR, 3.34; p = 0.05), and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) (HR, 2.32; p = 0.032). Subgroup analysis among subjects with OPLL demonstrated that the neurological failure rate was significantly higher in the absence of fusion (77.8% compared with 26.3%; p = 0.019).

Conclusions:

Overall, patients who underwent a surgical procedure for DCM exhibited an extended period with neurological improvement. Cervical fusion was indicated in OPLL to reduce neurological failure. Our findings on predictors for early deterioration facilitate case selection, prognostication, and counseling as the volume of primary cervical spine surgeries and reoperations increases globally.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
No Benefit of Adductor Canal Block Compared with Anterior Local Infiltration Analgesia in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pic Caroline , Macabeo Caroline , Waissi Emran , Lasselin Philippe , Raffin Mahé , Pradat Pierre , Lalande Laure , Lustig Sebastien , Aubrun Frederic , Dziadzko Mikhail
Published: February 2023

Background:

An adductor canal block (ACB) performed by an anesthesiologist is an established component of analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Alternatively, surgeons may perform periarticular local infiltration analgesia (LIA) intraoperatively. We hypothesized that ACB would be superior to anterior LIA in terms of morphine consumption in the first 48 hours after primary total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.

Methods:

This prospective controlled and blinded trial included 98 patients; 48 received an ACB plus sham (saline solution) anterior LIA, and 50 received a sham (saline solution) ACB plus anterior LIA. Both groups received posterior LIA with local anesthetic. The primary outcome was cumulative morphine consumption at 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes were pain while resting, standing, and walking, rehabilitation scores, opioid-related side effects, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

No difference in the primary outcome was found, and the 48-hour morphine consumption was low in both arms (28.8 ± 17.6 mg with ACB, 26.8 ± 19.2 mg with anterior LIA; p = 0.443). Pain scores were significantly better in the anterior LIA arm, but the differences were not clinically relevant. There were no differences in any other secondary outcome measures.

Conclusions:

LIA may be used as the primary option for multimodal postoperative pain management in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Resorption of Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Hornung Alexander L. , Baker James D. , Mallow G. Michael , Sayari Arash J. , Albert Hanne B. , Tkachev Alexander , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Resorption after lumbar disk herniation is a common yet unpredictable finding. It is hypothesized that nearly 70% of lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) undergo the resorption to a significant degree after acute herniation, which has led to nonoperative management before surgical planning.

Methods:

This narrative review on the literature from 4 databases (MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Cochrane) examines historical and recent advancements related to disk resorption. Studies were appraised for their description of the predictive factor (e.g., imaging or morphologic factors), pathophysiology, and treatment recommendations.

Observations:

We reviewed 68 articles considering the possibility of resorption of lumbar HNP. Recent literature has proposed various mechanisms (inflammation and neovascularization, dehydration, and mechanical traction) of lumbar disk resorption; however, consensus has yet to be established. Current factors that increase the likelihood of resorption include the initial size of the herniation, sequestration, percentage of rim enhancement on initial gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), composition of inflammatory mediators, and involvement of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Conclusion:

Heterogeneity in imaging and morphologic factors has led to uncertainty in the identification of which lumbar herniations will resorb. Current factors that increase the likelihood of disk resorption include the initial size of the herniation, sequestration, percentage of rim enhancement on initial MRI, composition of cellular and inflammatory mediators present, and involvement of the posterior longitudinal ligament. This review article highlights the role of disk resorption after herniation without surgical intervention and questions the role of traditional noninflammatory medications after acute herniation. Further research is warranted to refine the ideal patient profile for disk resorption to ultimately avoid unnecessary treatment, thus individualizing patient care.
Lima Puluh Tiga Tahun Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lahan Rawa untuk Pertanian dan Produksi Pangan
Authors: Noor Muhammad , Sukarman Sukarman , Masganti Masganti , Hairani Anna , Khairullah Izhar , Alwi Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Masa depan pangan Indonesia ada di lahan rawa. Pembukaan rawa untuk produksi pangan oleh pemerintah melalui Proyek Pembukaan Persawahan Pasang Surut (P4S) tahun 1969-1984 yang disebut sistem reklamasi garpu dan sisir membawa Indonesia swasembada tahun 1985, sekalipun pasokan utama produksi dari lahan irigasi. Disusul Proyek Pengembangan Lahan Gambut (PLG) di Kalimantan Tengah tahun 1995-1999 bersamaan saat impor beras 2-3 juta ton per tahun, namun kemudian, di tengah kecaman, Proyek PLG dihentikan pada tahun 1999. Pandemik Covid 19 membuat pemerintah menginisiasi pengembangan Food Estate lahan rawa di Kalimantan Tengah tahun 2021-2023.  Luas lahan rawa sekitar 32,64-33,39  juta hektar, diantaranya 14-19 juta hektar sesuai untuk pertanian. Hanya saja baru 6,90 juta hektar yang dimanfaatkan diantaranya 2,90 juta hektar untuk padi dan masih tersedia seluas 27,60 juta hektar yang belum direklamasi dari  luas total rawa dan 0,84 juta hektar yang belum dimanfaatkan dari 2,90 juta hektar yang telah direklamasi. Produktivitas padi di lahan rawa yang dicapai petani masih rendah (2-3 t/ha)sementara dari hasil penelitian mencapai 4,5-7,5 t/ha. Kendala budidaya padi di lahan rawa antara lain kemasaman tanah yang tinggi, kualitas air jelek, unsur dan senyawa toksik, kahat hara makro dan mikro, serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Pendekatan pengembangan rawa memerlukan penanganan yang terpadu dan spesifik lokasi. Implementasi program yang dilaksanakan pemerintah memberikan pelajaran bahwa pengembangan pertanian, khususnya padi memerlukan dukungan infrastruktur tata air, perencanaan sistem produksi, kelembagaan manajemen, dan langkah implementasi yang cepat dan tepat. Beberapa catatan menunjukkan pendekatan pengelolaan masih bersifat parsial, tidak terintegrasi, tanpa road map dan target yang jelas, manajemen dan kelembagaan petani masih lemah, sehingga dampak terhadap kesejahteraan petani masih belum tercapai. Tulisan ini mengemukakan tentang perjalanan penelitian dan pengembangan lahan rawa selama 53 tahun meliputi dinamika kegiatan pengembangan, peluang, kendala dan pembelajaran dari petani pada pengembangan kawasan food estate di Kalimantan Tengah.  
Temperature-Transient Analysis for Matrix Linear Flow Toward Infinite-Conductivity Hydraulically Fractured Wells
Authors: Onur Mustafa , Gul Kiymet Gizem , Cinar Murat
Published: February 2023

This work presents novel analytical temperature-transient solutions for matrix linear flow toward an infinite-conductivity hydraulically fractured well producing under specified constant rate (CR) or constant bottomhole pressure (CBHP) production. The solutions apply to the single-phase flow of a slightly compressible fluid with constant viscosity (e.g., undersaturated oil reservoirs with irreducible water saturation or liquid-dominated geothermal reservoirs). They include the effects of conduction, convection, the Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion of fluids and adiabatic expansion of the total rock and fluid system, and fluid loss fracture damage and assume constant rock and fluid physical and thermophysical properties with pressure and temperature. They are obtained by using Laplace (for CR) and Boltzmann (for CBHP) transformations. To validate the analytical solutions, an in-house numerical solution is also developed. It solves the mass and thermal energy balance equations coupled simultaneously and accounts for the variation of rock and fluid properties with pressure and temperature. The in-house simulator was validated by using a commercial reservoir simulator. Results indicate that the fracture surface temperature is decreasing with a square root of time for CR production but is constant for CBHP production. The temperature responses for both modes of production are controlled by the adiabatic expansion of the rock and fluid properties and the thermal diffusivity of the rock. The effect of thermal conductivity plays a significant role in both production modes as the matrix permeability decreases. The fracture damage has different signatures on temperature transients depending on the mode of production. The approximate analytical solutions show the information content of temperature-transient data acquired from an infinitely conductive hydraulically fractured well under matrix linear flow. They are simple and can be used to perform matrix linear-flow analysis jointly with pressure and rate transient data to estimate the physical and thermophysical properties of the rock and fluids. We also propose a simple correction to fluid viscosity variation as input for the analytic solutions to accurately estimate the physical and thermophysical parameters in case drawdowns are significant.
Inertial effects in just-saturated axisymmetric column collapses
Authors: Webb William , Heron Charles , Turnbull Barbara
Published: February 2023

This work introduces a scaling analysis of sub-aerial axisymmetric column collapses of glass beads and Newtonian glycerol-water solutions mimicking some of the behaviours of debris flows. The beads were in a size range where their inertia partly decouples their collapse behaviour from the water column. Experiments explored a range of viscous, surface tension and particle inertia effects through systematic variation of particle size and fluid viscosity. Crucially a geotechnical centrifuge was used to access elevated effective gravitational accelerations driving the collapse, allowing field-scale viscous and surface tension effects to be replicated. Temporal pore pressure and runout front position evolution data was extracted using a pressure transducer and high speed imaging, respectively. A least-squares fitted scale analysis demonstrated that all characteristic dimensionless quantities of the acceleration phase could be described as a function of the column-scale Bond number Bo, the Capillary number Ca, the system size r*, and the grain-fluid density ratio ρ*. This analysis demonstrated that collapses as characterised by pore-pressure evolution and front positions were controlled by the ratio of Bo/Ca. This indicates that grain-scale surface tension effects are negligible in such inertial column collapses where they may dominate laboratory-scale granular-fluid flow behaviour where geometric similarity between grain and system size is preserved.
Efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy on pain intensity and disability of older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Fonseca Letícia Soares , Silva Juliana , Souza Mateus , Mascarenhas Rodrigo , Silva Hytalo , Campos Mariana , Pereira Leani , Oliveira Murilo , Oliveira Vinicius
Published: February 2023

Background
The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to investigate the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy on pain intensity and disability of older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain, providing comprehensive evidence for an informed decision making.
Methods
We will perform a systematic search to identify randomized controlled trials of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY, EMBASE, AMED, PSYCINFO and PEDRO will be searched without language or date restrictions. Our primary outcomes are pain intensity and disability. Risk of bias will be assessed for all studies using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool 2.0. For each pairwise comparison between the different interventions, estimated mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals will be presented. Standard pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using random effects models in STATA version 16. The competing interventions will be ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for the outcomes of interest at short- and long-terms. The confidence in the results from NMA will be assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework.
Discussion
This NMA compares efficacy of interventions for nonspecific chronic low back pain in older people. It will provide reliable evidence for patients, clinicians, stakeholders and researchers in this field where competing therapies, many of extraordinarily little value, are commonly used in clinical practice.
Systematic review registration:
OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4W6R5) and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022312565).
Key factors for teaching and learning – Teachers´ experiences and reflections
Authors: Tjernberg Catharina Cecilia
Published: February 2023

A group of students were fol­lowed in a longitudinal study through­out their com­pul­sory school years. The data collec­ted formed the starting point for a focus-group discussion, the results of which are re­por­ted and discussed in the article.
The aim is to investigate the factors that the teachers consider have, over the years, been important for the students’ learning process, and to reflect on what char­acterises teaching practices that promote participation and learn­ing. The re­sults show that the most important factor in a successful teacher’s work is her or his ability to meet the students according to their individual needs; this also in­volves using the student group as a learning resource and ad­opt­ing a critical at­ti­tude to one’s own teaching with the aim of develop­ing it. At­titude, high ex­pec­ta­tions and a positive belief in the students are key factors here, as well as the abil­i­ty to stage well-balanced teaching with a fo­cus on content, language, and lan­guage use.
The importance of collegial learning for the professional development of teach­ers is em­phasised, as is the value of enjoying one’s work and sharing both successful and not so successful pedagogical episodes. One sur­pris­ing res­ult is the teachers’ con­scious efforts to help the students adopt strategies for learn­ing.
A Time-Varying Study of Fundamental values relative to the share price and Solvency and Liquidity on Stock Returns in India
Authors: Wagle Namrata , Khanapuri Harip
Published: February 2023

This research investigates the relationship between firm-specific style attributes and the cross-section of equity returns on the National Stock Exchange in India over the period from March 2001 to March 2021. The linear expected returns forecasting model is constructed based on the cross-section of equity returns. The model identifies the Cash Flow to Current Liabilities Ratio and the Current Ratio as significant style attributes that distinguish future share returns on the NSE. The results of the research provide potential alpha-generating stock selection techniques for active portfolio managers in the Indian stock markets using the linear approach.
An open-label randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in gay and bisexual men: the MenGO study Protocol
Authors: Thng Caroline , Semchenko Evgeny A. , Hughes Ian , O'Sullivan Maree , Seib Kate L.
Published: February 2023

Background: Gonorrhoea is an ongoing public health concern due to its rising incidence and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. There are an estimated 82 million new Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections each year, with several populations at higher risk for gonococcal infection, including gay and bisexual men (GBM). If left untreated, infection can lead to serious morbidity including infertility, sepsis and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Development of a gonorrhoea vaccine has been challenging, however there is observational evidence that serogroup B meningococcal vaccines, used to protect against the closely related bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, could provide cross-protection against N. gonorrhoeae.
Methods: The MenGO (Meningococcal vaccine efficacy against Gonorrhoea) study is a phase III open-label randomised control trial in GBM to evaluate the efficacy of the four-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, 4CMenB, against gonorrhoea. A total of 130 GBM will be recruited at the Gold Coast Sexual Health Clinic, Australia, and randomised to either receive 2 doses of 4CMenB or no intervention. Participants will be followed up for 24 months with testing for N. gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmissible infections every three months. Demographics, sexual behaviour risk, antibiotic use, and blood samples for analysis of N. gonorrhoeae-specific immune responses, will be collected during the study. The primary outcome is the number of N. gonorrhoeae infections in participants over 2 years measured by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Secondary outcomes are vaccine-induced N. gonorrhoeae-specific immune responses, and adverse events in trial participants.
Discussion: This trial will determine if the 4CMenB vaccine is able to reduce N. gonorrhoeae infection. If shown to be effective, 4CMenB could be used in gonococcal prevention. Analysis of 4CMenB-induced immune responses will increase understanding of the type of immune response needed to prevent N. gonorrhoeae, which may enable identification of a potential correlate of protection to aid future gonorrhoea vaccine development.
Trial registration: The trial has been registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001478101) on 25 October 2019.
Leigh Syndrome Global Patient Registry: Uniting Patients and Researchers Worldwide
Authors: Zilber Sophia , Woleben Kasey , Johnson Simon , de Souza Carolina Fischinger Moura , Boyce Danielle , Freiert Kevin , Boggs Courtney , Messahel Souad , Burnworth Melinda , Afolabi Titilola , Kayani Saima
Published: February 2023

Background
Leigh Syndrome (LS) is a rare genetic neurometabolic disorder, that leads to the degeneration of the central nervous system and subsequently, early death. LS can be caused by over 80 mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA. Patient registries are important for many reasons, such as studying the natural history of the disease, improving the quality of care, and understanding the healthcare burden. For rare diseases, patient registries are significantly important as patient numbers are small, and funding is limited. Cure Mito Foundation started a global patient registry for LS in September 2021 to identify and learn about the LS patient population, facilitate clinical trial recruitment, and unite international patients and researchers. Priorities were to allow researchers and industry partners to access data at no cost through a clear and transparent process, active patient engagement, and sharing of results back to the community.
Results
Patient registry platform, survey design, data analysis process, and patient recruitment strategies are described. Reported results include demographics, diagnostic information, symptom history, loss of milestones, disease management, healthcare utilization, quality of life, and caregiver burden for 116 participants. Results show a high disease burden, but a relatively short time to diagnosis. Despite the challenges faced by families impacted by Leigh syndrome, participants, in general, are described as having a good quality of life and caregivers are overall resilient, while also reporting a significant amount of stress.
Conclusion
This registry provides a straightforward, no-cost mechanism for data sharing and contacting patients for clinical trials or research participation, which is important given the recruitment challenges for clinical trials for rare diseases. This is the first publication to present results from a global patient registry for Leigh Syndrome, with details on a variety of patient-specific and caregiver outcomes reported for the first time. Additionally, this registry is the first for any mitochondrial disease with nearly 70% of participants residing outside of the United States. Future efforts include continued publication of results and further collaboration with patients, industry partners, and researchers.