bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping the Child as a Healthy Child
Authors: Petherick LeAnne
Published: October 2015

Although health surveillance in schools is not a new phenomenon, surveillance has arguably intensified in the contemporary historical moment. As individuals and professional collectivities coalesce around the concern for youth health, surveillant mechanisms proliferate within the educational context. In this article, I critically examine the “Youth Health Survey” (YHS) administered in Manitoba (Canada), to illustrate how youth health is deployed as a mechanism for engaging inter- and intraprofessional knowledge in tightening the biopedagogical discourse surrounding youth health. In Manitoba, these biopedagogical networks and lessons arise from the body data gathered through the surveillant mechanism of the YHS resulting in the formation of public partnerships, resource sharing, and collaborative approaches to intervene in youth lives, both inside and outside the school, forming a “surveillant assemblage” of youth health. Using qualitative data from interview and focus groups with health professionals and education specialists, I illustrate how an ever-tightening web of professional networks invested in shaping the future of youth lives connect through the development and deployment of a health surveillance tool.
The Racialization of U.S. Public Health
Authors: Cloos Patrick
Published: October 2015

The use of the category “race/ethnicity” intensified in the field of U.S. Public Health following the Clinton administration’s announcement of a budget increase for research focusing on ethnic and racial disparities in health. This article discusses the ways in which racialized difference is produced and represented as an object of knowledge and regulated by discursive practices in public health documents from U.S. federal government offices and a major public health journal published between 2001 and 2013. Races are approached, following Foucault’s proposition, as the product of racism, a technology of power of the modern State that consists of fragmenting humanity to permit colonizations. Thus, “race” has been established within the discourse to mark difference. Racism has developed concomitantly with the affirmation of power over life aimed at ruling out bodies and populations through public health practices, among others. The results suggest that the discourse on race varies throughout time. They indicate the relative permanence of a racialized regime of representation that consists of identifying, situating, and opposing subjects and groups based on standardized labels. This regime constitutes an ensemble of representational practices, which, together with disciplinary techniques and the use of culture as an idea, lead to the characterization and formation of racialized objects and stereotypes. These operations tend, together with medicalization and culturalization, to naturalize difference and constitute racial identities.
Irvin Cooper (1900-1971) and the Development of the Cambiata Concept for Adolescent Changing Voices
Authors: Stockton Phillip H.
Published: October 2015

The Cambiata Concept was one of the first methodologies used in the United States to teach boys to sing during the adolescent voice change. Previous practices of choir masters was to rest the voice during this time. They felt that by having boys sing during the voice change was damaging to the voice and would ruin the ability to sing after the mutation. Irvin Cooper, founder of the Cambiata Concept, discovered that boys were capable of singing during the voice change, and devised a method for boys to continue to sing during this tumultuous time. Cooper discovered, through empirical evidence, the gradual progression of the voice change. He states that boys’ voices only “crack” when expected to sing music that is outside of the physical range of the voice. The Cambiata Concept encourages teachers to use music that is appropriate to the ranges of the voice change, and by so doing will avoid such instances from happening. Cooper and the Cambiata Concept were influential in concurrent and later music educators in the field of voice change research such as John Cooksey, Don Collins, and Lynne Gackle. He is an influential music educator in the United States who did not accept longstanding tradition. His methodology allowed countless boys a chance at music that previously would have been denied.
To Regain Some Kind of Human Equality: Theorizing the Political Productivity of ‘‘Crimes against Humanity’’
Authors: Graf Sinja
Published: October 2015

This article theorizes the politically productive aspects of the term ‘‘crimes against humanity’’ in contradistinction to normative political theories that conceive of international law as applied ethics and to Schmittian approaches to law as the medium of depoliticization. I argue that the criminal against humanity must be distinguished from the enemy of humanity, because crimes against humanity provide a universal yet minimal normative recognition to the offender within a global legal order. Analyzing the distinct patterns of agency and authority that arise from rights and crime respectively, I outline the communal dimension of the criminal law and discuss the performative claim to humanity as a global body politic that attends pronouncements of crimes against humanity by international authorities.
Transgender men and pregnancy
Authors: Obedin-Maliver Juno , Makadon Harvey J
Published: October 2015

Transgender people have experienced significant advances in societal acceptance despite experiencing continued stigma and discrimination. While it can still be difficult to access quality health care, and there is a great deal to be done to create affirming health care organizations, there is growing interest around the United States in advancing transgender health. The focus of this commentary is to provide guidance to clinicians caring for transgender men or other gender nonconforming people who are contemplating, carrying, or have completed a pregnancy. Terms transgender and gender nonconforming specifically refer to those whose gender identity (e.g., being a man) differs from their female sex assigned at birth. Many, if not most transgender men retain their female reproductive organs and retain the capacity to have children. Review of their experience demonstrates the need for preconception counseling that includes discussion of stopping testosterone while trying to conceive and during pregnancy, and anticipating increasing experiences of gender dysphoria during and after pregnancy. The clinical aspects of delivery itself fall within the realm of routine obstetrical care, although further research is needed into how mode and environment of delivery may affect gender dysphoria. Postpartum considerations include discussion of options for chest (breast) feeding, and how and when to reinitiate testosterone. A positive perinatal experience begins from the moment transgender men first present for care and depends on comprehensive affirmation of gender diversity.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Femoral Neck in Athletes
Authors: Cordova Christopher B. , Dembowski Scott C. , Johnson Michael R. , Combs John J. , Svoboda Steven J.
Published: October 2015

The diagnosis of an intra-articular osteoid osteoma can be a challenging and lengthy process, with reports of delayed diagnosis of greater than 2 years. In the young, athletic patient with an atraumatic onset of groin pain, an overuse injury or muscle strain is the most likely etiology. However, an overuse injury of femoral neck stress fracture must be identified because of the potentially disastrous outcome of fracture completion. The similar clinical presentation of a femoral neck stress fracture and intra-articular osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck can further delay the diagnosis of the osteoid osteoma. In a patient with these differential diagnoses that do not improve with a period of nonweightbearing activity, a more intensive workup must ensue. The purpose of this case report is to describe the initial presentations, subsequent follow-up, and imaging findings leading to the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma as well as to differentiate an osteoid osteoma from femoral neck stress injuries.
The 2015 NASN School Nurse Survey
Authors: Mangena Anantha Sameera , Maughan Erin
Published: October 2015

This article summarizes the results of the 2015 NASN School Nurse Survey, identifies similarities and differences between this survey and the 2013 NASN School Nurse Survey, and evaluates the possible impacts of this data on the organization.
Safety and tolerability of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in healthy Chinese adults, children and infants
Authors: Zhu Fengcai , Hu Yuemei , Liang Qi , Young Mariano , Zhou Xin , Chen Zhangjing , Liang John Z. , Gruber William C. , Scott Daniel A.
Published: October 2015

Objective:

Pneumococcal disease is a global problem, including in China. The objective of this study was to provide safety data for single-dose 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Chinese subjects, needed to begin a phase III safety and immunogenicity study in Chinese infants.

Methods:

Healthy Chinese adults (18−55 years), children (3−5 years), and infants (42–98 days) received a single dose of PCV13 in this open-label safety study. Local reactions and systemic events were collected for 7 days via an electronic diary; adverse events were recorded for 1 month after vaccination.

Results:

All 72 (24 per group) screened subjects (58.3% males; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 43.3 ± 9.1 years [adults], 4.5 ± 0.7 years [children], and 79.6 ± 15.2 days [infants]) were enrolled, received vaccine, and completed the study. The most frequently reported local reactions per group were pain at the injection site ( n = 23 adults [95.8%]), tenderness ( n = 18 children [75%]), and swelling ( n = 6 infants [25%]), none of which were severe. The mean duration of each local reaction was ⩽2.0 days in infants and ⩽2.4 days in children but in adults was 3.3 days for pain at the injection site and 9 days each for redness and swelling. Systemic events in adults were muscle pain ( n = 5), fatigue ( n = 3), and headache and joint pain ( n = 1 each). One child and seven infants had disturbed sleep (increased or decreased). One adult and one child had mild fever (37.7–38.5°C, as per China Food and Drug Administration guidelines). No subject used antipyretic medication. One adverse event (bronchopneumonia in an infant) was reported, which was serious, severe, and unrelated to vaccination. There were no deaths.

Conclusions:

A single dose of PCV13 was safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese adults, children, and infants. This study provided the safety data to enable a phase III safety and immunogenicity registration trial in Chinese infants to proceed.
Clozapine-induced myoclonus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Osborne Ian J. , McIvor Ronan J.
Published: October 2015

We describe the case of a young man with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, who developed myoclonus during clozapine titration. This subsequently led to a full tonic–clonic seizure. Clozapine treatment can result in a range of seizure-like activity, the most well-known being tonic–clonic seizures. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and treating clozapine-induced myoclonus, as it can herald the onset of a full seizure, even at low serum clozapine levels. We highlight the variety of ways myoclonus can present clinically and suggest treatment options.
Keeping Children in School
Authors: Huisman Janine , Smits Jeroen
Published: October 2015

We study household and context determinants of school dropout using data for 130,000 children in 363 regions of 30 developing countries using multi-level discrete-time event-history analysis. Most (72%) of the variation in school dropout is due to household-level factors, with socioeconomic resources (parental education, father’s occupation, and wealth) being most important. Household structure plays a role too. Earlier born, non-biological children and children living with one parent drop out more. Important context factors are educational resources (availability of schools and teachers) and level of development of the region. Interaction analysis reveals that many effects of household-level factors depend on context characteristics, stressing the importance of a situation-specific approach. Results also indicate that the transition from primary to secondary education is a major breaking point in children’s educational careers and that extending the duration of primary education might be an effective strategy to keep children in school longer.
Impact of Extended Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on the Decline of HIV Prevalence in Pregnant Women in Malawi
Authors: Liotta Giuseppe , Chimbwandira Frank , Wouters Kristien , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Jere Haswell , Mancinelli Sandro , Ceffa Susanna , Erba Fulvio , Palombi Leonardo , Marazzi Maria Cristina
Published: October 2015

Combination antiretroviral therapy has been shown to reduce HIV transmission and incident infections. In recent years, Malawi has significantly increased the number of individuals on combination antiretroviral drugs through more inclusive treatment policies. Using a retrospective observational cohort design, records with HIV test results were reviewed for pregnant women attending a referral hospital in Malawi over a 5-year period, with viral load measurements recorded. HIV prevalence over time was determined, and results correlated with population viral load. A total of 11 052 women were included in this analysis, with 440 (4.1%) HIV infections identified. HIV prevalence rates in pregnant women in Malawi halved from 6.4% to 3.0% over 5 years. Mean viral loads of adult patients decreased from 120 000 copies/mL to less than 20 000 copies/mL. Results suggest that community viral load has an effect on HIV incidence rates in the population, which in turn correlates with reduced HIV prevalence rates in pregnant women.
The Modulation Effect of Longitudinal Acupuncture on Resting State Functional Connectivity in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Spaeth Rosa B. , Freeman Sonya G. , Scarborough Donna Moxley , Hashmi Javeria A. , Wey Hsiao-Ying , Egorova Natalia , Vangel Mark , Mao Jianren , Wasan Ajay D. , Edwards Robert R. , Gollub Randy L. , Kong Jian
Published: October 2015

Recent advances in brain imaging have contributed to our understanding of the neural activity associated with acupuncture treatment. In this study, we investigated functional connectivity across longitudinal acupuncture treatments in older patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Over a period of 4 weeks (six treatments), we collected resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans from 30 patients before and after their first, third and sixth treatments. Clinical outcome showed a significantly greater pain subscore on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (indicative of improvement) with verum acupuncture than with sham acupuncture. Independent component analysis (ICA) of the resting state fMRI data showed that the right frontoparietal network (rFPN) and the executive control network (ECN) showed enhanced functional connectivity (FC) with the rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, a key region in the descending pain modulatory system, in the verum groups as compared to the sham group after treatments. We also found that the rFPN connectivity with the left insula is (1) significantly associated with changes in KOOS pain score after treatments, and (2) significantly enhanced after verum acupuncture treatments as compared to sham treatment. Analysis of the acupuncture needle stimulation scan showed that compared with sham treatment, verum acupuncture activated the left operculum/insula, which also overlaps with findings observed in resting state analysis. Our results suggest that acupuncture may achieve its therapeutic effect on knee OA pain by modulating functional connectivity between the rFPN, ECN and the descending pain modulatory pathway.

Clinical trial number: NCT01079390
Youth unemployment and personality traits
Authors: Mendolia Silvia , Walker Ian
Published: October 2015

This paper investigates the relationship between personality traits in adolescence and education and labour market choices. In particular, we investigate the impact of locus of control, effort and diligence, and self-esteem on the risk of youths being unemployed (sometimes referred to as NEET (“Not in Education, Employment or Training”), assuming unconfoundedness. Thus, our focus is on early dropouts from both education and the labour market at age 18–20. We use matching methods to control for a rich set of adolescent and family characteristics by estimating the treatment effects, conditional on unconfoundedness, of multiple personality traits at the same time (Wooldridge, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2010). Finally, we use the methodology proposed by Altonji (J Polit Economy 113:151–184, 2005) that involves making hypotheses about the correlation between the unobservables and observables that determine the outcomes and the unobservables that influence personality. Our results show that individuals that display low effort and diligence, low self-esteem, and external locus of control are estimated to be more likely to drop out of education and employment.

Jel codes: J60, I10
In vitro cytotoxic and in silico activity of piperine isolated from Piper nigrum fruits Linn
Authors: Paarakh Padmaa M. , Sreeram Dileep Chandra , D Shruthi S. , Ganapathy Sujan P. S.
Published: October 2015

Background

Piper nigrum [Piperaceae], commonly known as black pepper is used as medicine fairly throughout the greater part of India and as a spice globally.

Purpose

To isolate piperine and evaluate in vitro cytotoxic [antiproliferative] activity and in silico method.

Methods

Piperine was isolated from the fruits of P.nigrum. Piperine was characterized by UV,IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectrum. Standardization of piperine was done also by HPTLC fingerprinting. In vitro cytotoxic activity was done using HeLa cell lines by MTT assay at different concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 μg/ml in triplicate and in silico docking studies using enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase.

Results

Fingerprinting of isolated piperine were done by HPTLC method. The IC50 value was found to be 61.94 ± 0.054 μg/ml in in vitro cytotoxic activity in HeLa Cell lines. Piperine was subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of the enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase, which is one of the targets for inhibition of cancer cells. It has shown −7.6 kJ mol−1 binding and 7.06 kJ mol−1 docking energy with two hydrogen bonds.

Conclusion

piperine has shown to possess in vitro cytotoxic activity and in silico studies.
Uncertainty and Trade Agreements
Authors: Limão Nuno , Maggi Giovanni
Published: October 2015

We explore conditions under which trade agreements can provide gains by reducing trade policy uncertainty. Given the degree of income risk aversion, this is more likely when economies are more open, export supply elasticities are lower, and economies more specialized. Governments have stronger incentives to sign trade agreements when the trading environment is more uncertain. As exogenous trade costs decline, the gains from reducing tariff uncertainty become more important relative to reducing average tariff levels. We also develop a simple “sufficient statistic” approach to quantify the gains from managing trade policy uncertainty, and examine the impact of ex ante investments on such gains. (JEL D81, F13)
Mechanisms for Repeated Trade
Authors: Skrzypacz Andrzej , Toikka Juuso
Published: October 2015

How does feasibility of efficient repeated trade depend on the features of the environment such as persistence of values, private information about their evolution, or trading frequency? We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for efficient, unsubsidized, and voluntary trade, which implies that efficient contracting requires sufficient congruence of expectations. This translates to bounds on persistence of values and on private information about their evolution, and distinguishes increasing patience from more frequent interaction; the latter need not facilitate efficiency even when the former does. We also discuss second-best mechanisms and extend the characterization to general dynamic collective choice problems. (JEL C73, D82, D86)
What do we know about the participation of hematopoietic stem cells in hematopoiesis?
Authors: Drize Nina , Petinati Nataliya
Published: October 2015

The demonstrated presence in adult tissues of cells with sustained tissue regenerative potential has given rise to the concept of tissue stem cells. Assays to detect and measure such cells indicate that they have enormous proliferative potential and usually an ability to produce all or many of the mature cell types that define the specialized functionality of the tissue. In the hematopoietic system, one or only a few cells can restore lifelong hematopoiesis of the whole organism. To what extent is the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells required during normal hematopoiesis? How does the constant maintenance of hematopoiesis occur and what is the behavior of the hematopoietic stem cells in the normal organism? How many of the hematopoietic stem cells are created during the development of the organism? How many hematopoietic stem cells are generating more mature progeny at any given moment? What happens to the population of hematopoietic stem cells in aging? This review will attempt to describe the results of recent research which contradict some of the ideas established over the past 30 years about how hematopoiesis is regulated.
Classroom strategies in teaching the media
Authors: Kupiainen Reijo
Published: October 2015

Th is article is based on Chapter 5 of my book Media and Digital Literacies in Secondary School (2013). The chapter has been shortened and rewritten in some parts for the article. The article focuses on different classroom strategies identified during the ethnographic school research in one of the Finnish secondary schools carried out during the academic year 2009–2010. The study indicates that teachers analyse and produce media texts as key strategies in media education. In the article, I will give examples of an advertisement project, a soap opera drama, an animation project, a "life career assignment" and a newspaper strategy in different learning settings. All examples indicate that media education needs to build a strong bridge between youth and school culture and that technology in the school follows the content of learning.
Supporting cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in technologically enhanced language learning
Authors: Saks Katrin , Leijen Äli
Published: October 2015

Hea võõrkeeleoskus on globaliseeruvas maailmas eduka toimetuleku eeldus. On leitud, et õppija keeleoskus on seotud tema keeleõppestrateegiate kasutusega, seetõttu peetakse õpistrateegiate mõõtmist üheks enim levinud keeleõppe efektiivsuse hindamise meetodiks. Kuigi strateegiate kasutamise oskus ja harjumused on väga individuaalsed ning kujunevad välja pikema aja jooksul, on uuringud näidanud, et õppijaid on võimalik suunata kasutama efektiivsemaid õpistrateegiaid, toetades nende õpitegevust. Praeguse uurimuse eesmärk on töötada varasemate uurimistulemuste põhjal välja sekkumistegevused, millega toetatakse kognitiivseid ja metakognitiivseid keeleõppestrateegiaid tehnoloogiaga tõhustatud võõrkeelekursusel, ning katsetada nende efektiivsust. Sekkumine hõlmab spetsiaalseid õpiülesandeid, mille sooritamist toetatakse märguannetega. Andmed pärinevad nii ainetestist kui ka eesti keele jaoks kohandatud enesekohaste küsimustikega Est-SILLi, MSQLi ja SRL-SRSi eel- ja järeltestist, mis tehti neljakuusel erialase inglise keele kursusel. Uurimistulemused näitavad, et varasemates uurimustes välja pakutud kognitiivsete ja metakognitiivsete õpistrateegiate kombineeritud toetamine märguannetega annab positiivseid tulemusi nii keeleõppestrateegiate ja eneseregulatsiooni toetamisel kui ka aineteadmiste omandamisel.
 Summary
Conceptual framework for learning analytics and its feasibility in the Estonian context
Authors: Tammets Kairit , Laanpere Mart
Published: October 2015

Õpianalüütika on valdkond, mis areneb kiiresti ülikoolides ning on jõudmas ka üldhariduskoolidesse. Õpianalüütika võimaldab haridusuuringute raames kasutada veebipõhiste keskkondade kogutavaid avatud andmeid tõenduspõhiste otsuste tegemiseks (nt õppekavade või hariduspoliitiliste algatuste planeerimisel). Artikli eesmärk on välja pakkuda Eesti konteksti arvestav õpianalüütika kontseptuaalne raamistik, tuginedes kolme veebipõhise tarkvaralahenduse õpianalüütika mooduli arendusuuringutele. Uuringu empiiriline andmestik kogutakse uurimuspõhise disaini meetodil kasutajaid kaasavate disainisessioonide käigus. Kolme juhtumi analüüsi tulemusel pakutakse artiklis välja ühine õpianalüütika kontseptuaalne raamistik, mille olulised osad on pedagoogiline disain, avatud tehniline arhitektuur, visualiseeringud kasutaja õpianalüütika töölaual õppimiskogemuse tagasisidestamiseks ning õpianalüütikaga seotud eetika- ja privaatsusaspektid.
 Summary
Kokkuvõte Euroopa teaduse ja tehnika alase koostöö COST meetme IS0801 raames tehtud tööst
Authors: Smith Peter , Steffgen Georges
Published: October 2015

Küberkiusamine tähendab kiusamist ja ahistamist uue elektroonilise tehnoloogia, eelkõige mobiiltelefonide ja interneti kaudu. Tavapärast koolikiusamist on varem põhjalikult uuritud ja selle vastu meetmeid võetud, kuid küberkiusamise puhul on tegemist nähtusega, mis on esile tõusnud ja üha enam levima hakanud viimasel aastakümnel. Selle valdkonna uurimine on arenenud väga kiiresti. Artiklis esitatakse kokkuvõte Euroopa teaduse ja tehnika alase koostöö raames küberkiusamist käsitlenud ja oktoobris 2012 lõppenud meetmest COST Action IS0801 ning tutvustatakse selle tulemusi ja refereeritakse kõnealusel projektil põhinevat raamatut.
A Human Factor in Security Assurance for Social-Economic and Political Systems
Authors: Матевосова  , Matevosova K.
Published: October 2015

This paper’s urgency consists in the need for the most effective using of the human capital for counteraction

to security threats related to social-economic and political systems in all areas of activity. The paper’s

subject is connected with developments, which are conducted in Nature Management and Environmental

Security (NM&ES) Chair of the State University of Management in the frame of scientific school “Risk Management

and Security Assurance for Social-Economic and Political Systems” which head is the Honored

Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Ya.D. Vishnyakov. The problem has

global character, and within the country becomes an issue of national security ensuring. Therefore this paper

subject is included into one of above-mentioned scientific school’s research directions — “Strategic Risk

Management and Ecological-Economical Damage Assessment in Social-Economic and Political Systems”.

Considering all range of the modern world threats and their catastrophic consequences it is possible to tell

with confidence that the existing civilization is the risk one. It is common knowledge that so-called «human

factor» (HF) plays the essential role in the origin of accidents and catastrophes leading to emergency situations.

This factor’s negative role can be manifested in the lack of timely intervention, wrong intervention,

correct, but untimely intervention, excess or harmful intervention.

In the research of the HF phenomenon it is necessary to reveal, first of all, not only it’s cause-effect relations

with the emergency, but also to develop mechanisms allowing to use as much as possible opportunities

which are put in the HF concept. First of all it belongs to vocational training of persons making crucial decisions on security assurance, their continuous self-improvement and education, increase of these persons’

rigor and responsibility.

The security assurance problem solution demands not only a high standard for knowledge and abilities

of experts on all management levels, but also understanding by them a huge responsibility for future world

order. According to the Russian Federation’s National Security Strategy till 2020 the human potential development

and Russia’s human capital role increase are the priority direction in country’s further successful

development.

In the conditions of natural and technogenic risk increasing and market competition strengthening, the

knowledge management becomes a major factor of risk mitigation, security assurance of population and

State’s economical objects, improving competitiveness. Only thus the modern civilization of risk, using the

human capital’s intellectual power as a basis for the most effective human factor management, becomes

a knowledge and risk civilization. This thesis understanding and adoption of urgent decisions on security

assurance will allow mitigate all categories of risks at least by a decade in the coming years.
Gender budgeting and public policy: the challenges to operationalising gender justice in India
Authors: Nakray Keerty
Published: October 2015

In 2005, a gender budget statement was first presented as a part of India’s financial budget to reflect the exact budgetary expenditures on various gender related programmes. Despite being viewed as a progressive development by the transnational feminist movement it is currently seen as a promise half-fulfilled, primarily due to the failure of the governmental and non-governmental sector to take into account all the gender budget procedures that need to be implemented to achieve tangible gender equality outcomes. The article highlights that gender budgets should be further solidified within the administrative mechanisms to result in more gender sensitive approaches of governance.
A descrição normalizada de arquivos como condição sine qua non para a eficaz recuperação e comunicação da informação na Web
Authors: Guedes Gracinda Maria Ferreira
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo, desenvolvido no contexto de Arquivos definitivos ou históricos, procura evidenciar a importância de descrever fundos de forma normalizada, à luz das Orientações para a Descrição Arquivística (ODA), de modo a criar instrumentos de descrição que agilizem a recuperação e a comunicação da informação neles contida. Após uma breve contextualização teórica da Arquivística e dos seus procedimentos, apresentam-se algumas reflexões relativas a estes mesmos procedimentos, no que toca à construção de instrumentos normalizados – fiáveis e interoperáveis, através das plataformas Web de gestão/descrição documental – e à comunicação desses instrumentos via Web. Seguidamente faz-se uma breve descrição, com alguns pontos de reflexão, relativa à plataforma automatizada de descrição arquivística Archeevo, concluindo o artigo com uma breve súmula dos aspetos mais relevantes a ter em conta na descrição normalizada da informação e dos impactos que daí advêm para a sua comunicação.
Clientsâ€™ selection of auditors: evidence from the Athens stock exchange
Authors: Maggina Anastasia
Published: October 2015

The auditing profession is at a crossroad worldwide. It currently faces many challenges especially in Greece where auditor rotation has been instituted as mandatory by EU regulation and the auditing profession is going to be fully liberalized (no limits on audit fees) . Given the Greek environment, it is important to investigate how client companies select auditors. In this study we address three questions. First, can selection of auditors be forecasted? Second, which statistical technique better fits the data set? Third, are there differences in firmsâ€™ financial ratios as well as institutional factors that affect auditor choice? Clientsâ€™ selection of auditors is considered in a research context using discriminant analysis and logistic regression. The discriminating factors between the two groups of companies include some firm financial ratios and institutional factors: QATA(Quick Assets/Total Assets) when using one year data, and QATA(Quick Assets/Total Assets) and SHAREHOLD (level of shareholdings) when using two year data. Prediction accuracy is close to 60.0 percent using discriminant analysis and around 80.0 percent using logistic regression. The contribution of this study is that it discriminates between the two groups of companies (Big Four versus second-tier or local auditing firms) in an IFRS environment.
Prevention of a Nosocomial Infection Caused by Influenza Virus A Using Prophylactic Administration of Oseltamivir: An Observational Study with Review of the Literature
Authors: Sunagawa Satoko , Fujita Jiro , Tomishima Miyuki , Mukatake Sakiko , Nakamatsu Masashi , Higa Futoshi , Tateyama Masao , Owan Tomoko
Published: October 2015

Influenza virus infection in hospitals is a very important clinical issue. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of oseltamivir in controlling a nosocomial influenza virus infection with an observational study and case report. Intervention was carried out in a ward of the University of the Ryukyus Hospital. Symptomatic staff members were sent home for one week, and the infected inpatients were isolated. In addition, in an episode of influenza infection among the staff members and inpatients, oseltamivir (75 mg once a day for 7 days) was administered to all staff members as well as inpatients who had had close contact with the influenza patients. In the hospital ward, eight staff members (nurses and doctors) and ten hospitalized patients were definitively diagnosed with influenza A viral infection based on results of a rapid diagnostic test. Although a relatively large number of the staff members and inpatients had an influenza virus infection, it was possible that the use of oseltamivir efficiently minimized a nosocomial outbreak. It was very difficult to diagnose influenza A virus infection based on clinical symptoms. It was possible to minimize and end the outbreak immediately by using oseltamivir prophylaxis. With a review of the literature, it is considered that prophylaxis with anti‐influenza drugs are highly recommended in hospital settings.
Past, Present and Future Therapeutics of Asthma: A Review
Authors: Tanaka Akihiko
Published: October 2015

The therapeutic history of asthma is divided into a period before and after the advent of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Before the advent of ICS, bronchodilators such as β2‐agonists and anti‐cholinergic agents were the main drugs used for asthma therapies. ICS were firstly launched in the market in 1978. Their effectiveness and safety have been recognized over time. Consequently, ICS were positioned as gold standard drugs for asthma therapy in the 1980s in Europe and North America and in the late 1990s in Japan. This review addresses the paradigm shift of the drug therapy for asthma.
Emerging Link between Diabetes and Cancer
Authors: Noto Hiroshi , Goto Atsushi , Tsujimoto Tetsuro , Noda Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2015

It has been suggested that diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Epidemiological data in Japan demonstrate that diabetes is associated with increased risk for total cancers and site‐specific cancers at colorectum, liver, and pancreas. Insulin resistance with subsequent hyperinsulinemia is the most frequently proposed hypothesis to explain this link. In addition, several facets of lifestyle including obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise, and treatment for diabetes may also affect the risk of cancer. In light of the exploding global epidemic of diabetes, even a modest increase in the cancer risk will translate into a substantial socioeconomic burden, which led to a joint committee being formed, enlisting experts from the Japan Diabetes Society and the Japanese Cancer Association to address this issue. The current insights underscore the need for clinical attention and better‐designed studies of the complex interactions between diabetes and cancer.
What Is the Impression of Physicians and Medical Care from the Viewpoint of Patients and Physicians? For Building a Better Relationship between Patients and Physicians
Authors: Wakabayashi Takao , Miyata Yasushi
Published: October 2015

Object: Clarify the commonalities and differences in perspective toward physicians and medical care between patients and physicians.

Methods: 9 items questionnaires, created in a previous study regarding physicians and medical care, were sent to primary care physicians to compare the perspective of physician and medical care by patients which became clear in previous study.

Results: Among the 408 questionnaires sent, 301 responses were received (response rate 73.8%). Physicians thought that the profession of physicians is a pressing job and hence physicians can be trusted similar to tendency of patients in past research. As for the state of the profession of physicians, the tendency among physicians to consider the profession as that of service industry not as a scared profession was indicated.

Discussion: For both patients and physicians, it was indicated that common awareness exits in them regarding the labor and behavior of physicians. Although there was an awareness that there is a tendency for physicians to consider the profession as part of service industry and for patients to consider being a physician as a sacred profession, it was indicated that the viewpoint toward physicians was not uniform for both groups.

Conclusions: It can be thought that it is important to understand that there are differences in sentiment among physicians and patients regarding physicians and medical care for building a better relationship between patients and physicians.
Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients 20 Years after Achieving a Sustained Virological Response with Interferon Therapy: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Igarashi Go , Endo Tetsu , Sawada Naoya , Mikami Kenichiro , Sato Ken , Kudo Daisuke , Toyoki Yoshikazu , Hakamada Kenichi , Kakuta Akihisa , Shibutani Koichi , Takai Yoshihiro , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Haga Toshihiro , Kijima Hiroshi , Fukuda Shinsaku
Published: October 2015

Advances in interferon (IFN)‐based therapy for chronic hepatitis C have led to a high rate of sustained virological response (SVR), which means viral clearance. However, some cases have been reported to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over 10 years after achieving the SVR. Here, we report two patients who developed HCC 20 years after SVR with IFN therapy. Both of the patients were male and achieved SVR at the age of 46 years and 61 years, respectively. These cases suggest the need for long‐term follow‐up in patients with chronic hepatitis C even if SVR is achieved.
Crusted Scabies Initially Considered as Bullous Pemphigoid and Exacerbated by Steroid Use
Authors: Watari Takashi , Shimizu Taro , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: October 2015

Crusted or Norwegian scabies is characterized by erythematous patches with diffuse hyperkeratotic plaques over palmar and plantar regions. It is commonly seen in patients with immunocompromised states or in the elderly who are bed‐ridden. We report a case of crusted scabies that clinically mimicked bullous pemphigoid. Steroid therapy as treatment of presumptive bullous pemphigoid led to a worsening of crusted scabies and its subsequent outbreak involving patients nearby and staff in our hospital.
Nature monitoring: a tool for the evaluation of the preservation of synanthropic habitats
Authors: Bomanowska Anna , Kirpluk Izabella
Published: October 2015

The article presents the results of nature monitoring in synanthropic habitats. It shows the organizational aspects of monitoring, a survey procedure, including its assessment for use in synanthropic habitats, and the key findings of the research, including the evaluation of the conservation status of habitats covered by the monitoring and influencing factors’ effects. Observations of segetal and ruderal habitats were carried out in 2013 within the Kampinos National Park, according to the recommendations specified in the State Environmental Monitoring Programme, with specific adjustment to the monitored habitats. We used, for example, modified indices for specific structures and functions, e.g., by introducing the index of “archaeophytes”, which was also adopted as a cardinal index for synanthropic habitats. The obtained results show the detailed information, collected during monitoring, on the current status of synanthropic habitats. They allowed to evaluate conservation status, threats and conservation prospects for these habitats. This is the first proposal for the standardized monitoring of synanthropic habitats in Poland.
Physicochemical and excess properties of binary mixtures of (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride/bromide + ethylene glycol) at T = (288.15 to 333.15) K
Authors: Zhang Yun-Xia , Li Shu-Ni , Zhai Quan-Guo , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Hu Man-Cheng
Published: October 2015

In the present work, the density, ρ, refractive index, n
The Early Triassic magmatism of the Alto ParaguayProvince, Central South America: Paleomagneticand ASM data
Authors: Ernesto Marcia , Comin-Chiaramonti Piero , Gomes Celso de Barros
Published: October 2015

A paleomagnetic studystudywork was carriedout on the Alto Paraguay Province (APP), a belt of alkalinecomplexes that parallel the Paraguay river for morethan 40 km at the border of Brazil and Paraguay. Theprovince is well dated by 40Ar/39Ar method giving ages inthe range 240–250 Ma with a preferred age of 241 Ma. Intrusiverocks are predominant but the stocks may be toppedby lava flows and ignimbrites. Paleomagnetic work onstocks, dikes and flows of the APP identified normal andreversed magnetic components which are carried mainlyby titanomagnetites. The calculated paleomagnetic polelocated at 319ºE 78ºS (α95 = 6º; k = 23) is in agreementwith other South American poles of Permo-Triassic age.Most of the sampling sites showed large variations in rockmagnetization, but similar patterns in the variation of thewithin-site magnetizations, mainly in dikes, suggest geomagneticpolarity transition records. The magnetizationdata along with the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibilitydeterminations suggested that the South and North areasof the province have different evolution characteristics.
A Special Issue (Part-II): Mafic-ultramafic rocks andalkaline-carbonatitic magmatism and associated hydrothermalmineralization - dedication to Lia Nikolaevna Kogarko
Authors: Kogarko Lia N. , Gwalani Lalchand G. , Downes Peter J. , Randive Kirtikumar R.
Published: October 2015

This is the second part of a two-volumespecial issueof Open Geoscience (formerly Central European Journalof Geosciences) that aims to be instrumental in providingan update of Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks and Alkaline-Carbonatitic Magmatism and Associated HydrothermalMineralization. Together, these two volumes provide a detailedand comprehensive coverage of the subjects thatare relevant to the research work of P.Comin-Chiaramonti(Italy) and LiaN. Kogarko (Russia) towhomPart-I and Part-II have been respectively dedicated.To a significant extent, the development of advanced samplingtechnologies related to alkaline and carbonatiticmagmatism by Lia N. Kogarko, has allowed geoscientiststo measure and sample the deep crust of the planet notonly for the exploration for the mineral deposits, but alsoto answer basic scientific questions about the origin andevolution of alkaline rocks (kimberlites, lamproites and relatedrocks associated with carbonatites). The papers presentedin this Part-II of the special issue cover the petrologyand geochemistry of the rocks collected from the surfaceand penetrated by drilling. Lia Kogarko proposed anew theory for the evolution of alkaline magmatism in thegeological history of the Earth – that the appearance of alkalinemagmatism at the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary(~2.5 – 2.7 Ga), and its growing intensity, was related tochanges in the geodynamic regime of the Earth and oxidationof the mantle due to mantle-crust interaction.
Occurrences of Chert in Jurassic-Cretaceous Calciturbidites (SWTurkey)
Authors: Gül Murat
Published: October 2015

The Lycian Nappes, containing ophiolite andsedimentary rocks sequences, crop out in the southwestTurkey. The Tavas Nappe is a part of the Lycian Nappes.It includes the Lower Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous calciturbidites.Chert occurrences were observed in the lower partof this calciturbidite. These cherts can be classified on thebasis of length, internal structure and host rock. Chertbands are 3.20-35.0min length and 7.0-35.0 cm thick. Chertlenses are 5.0-175.0 cm in length and 1.0-33.0 cm thick. Accordingto its internal structure, granular chert (bladedlargeequitant quartz minerals replaced the big calcitemineral of fossil shell) and porcelanious chert (microcrystallinesilica replaced micrite) have been separated. Chertsare generally associated with calcarenite-calcirudite, theothers with calcilutite. Micritic calcite patches of chertspoint out an uncompleted silicification. The source of silicawas dominantly quartz-rich, older, basal rocks and toa lesser extent radiolarians. The coarse-grained calciturbiditesact as a way for silica transportation. Some calciteveins (formed during transportation and emplacement ofnappes) cut both calciturbidites and cherts. Thus, chert occurrencesevolved before emplacement of nappes (the latestCretaceous-Late Miocene period) during the epigeneticphase.
Canyons and gorges as potential geotourism destinations inSerbia: comparative analysis from two perspectives – generalgeotourists’ and pure geotourists’
Authors: Božić Sanja , Tomić Nemanja
Published: October 2015

Serbia represents one of those countries whichhave not yet differentiated themselves on the worldtourism map. However, it has an immense but still unrevealedpotential for geotourism development. In this paperwe analyzed several remarkable canyons and gorgesof great scientific importance and geotourism potential.These sites include the Djerdap Gorge and Lazar RiverCanyon, located in Eastern Serbia and the Ovcar-KablarGorge and Uvac Canyon located in Western Serbia. One ofthe main goals of this paper was to analyze and comparethe current state and tourism potential of these geosites byusing the M-GAM model for geosite assessment. However,the principal aim of the paper is to analyze how importantis each subindicator in the assessment process for differentmarket segments. In this paper, we also analyzed howgiving different importance to subindicators can influencethe position of the geosites in the matrix indicating differentassessment done by two chosen market segments.The research showed that general geotourists appreciateconsiderably different values when assessing a geosite incomparison to pure geotourists. The paper can be used asframework for developing the tourism management strategyof geosites taking into consideration the needs andpreferences of the target market segments.