bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDSS) Loaded with Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.,) Peels against Baccilus subtitis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients
Authors: Pratiwi Liza
Published: March 2022

Diabetic Foot Ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by open sores on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes as well as extensive dead tissue followed by bacterial invasion. Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer are resistant to some antibiotics so that alternative therapies such as potential traditional medicines involving mangosteen peels are being developed. Mangosteen peels contain compounds of phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and xanton. To improve the stability of α-mangostin and improve bioavailability, it requires the preparation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS). This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect of optimal SNEDDS of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus and to analyze the comparison of inhibition zone diameter between the optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS against the bacteria. This study began with making 70% ethanol extract from mangosteen peels which was then fractionated to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction was made into optimal SNEDDS formula resulted of Design Expert software with Tween 80, PEG 400, and VCO. The optimal SNEDDS formula of the ethyl acetate fraction from the mangosteen peels was tested for its antibacterial effectiveness against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed that SNEDDS loaded of ethyl acetate fraction from mangosteen peels had antibacterial activity against both types of Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, which cause diabetes ulcers, and that it did not have antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus. Moreover, the tested SNEDDS loaded ethyl acetate fraction and ethyl acetate fraction without SNEDDS had strong inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, they provided such a smaller inhibition zone as tested against Staphylococcus aureus that they had moderate antibacterial activity.
Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Stachytarpheta jamaecensis Root Extract using In Vitro Deoxyribose Degradation Assay
Authors: Utami Juliyatin Putri , Wasiaturrahmah Yusrinie , Putri Deby Kania Tri
Published: March 2022

Use and demand of traditional medicinal plants currently growing in the direction that research in traditional medicines have also increased. One of the plants that is efficacious as a medicine is S. jamaecensis. This plant is usually used by people as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of porterweed root. Antioxidant activity assays performed using hydroxyl radical scavenger that begins with the extraction by maceration. Dry roots of S. jamaecensis  (250 g) was soaked with ethanol 96% for 3x24 hours at room temperature. The liquid extract obtained is evaporated by rotary evaporator and waterbath till viscous extracts is obtained. Then to extract performed phytochemical screening by quantitative and qualitative method. The antioxidant test was carried out using the hydroxyl radical scavenger method. The extract concentrations were varied, namely 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. The data obtained was performed one-way ANOVA test. The results of the phytochemical screening showed the extract contains flavonoids, alcaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins. The results obtained were significant values from the antioxidant test with the antiradical scavenger method, the largest average value of root extract was 60.606% at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of spectrophotometric measurements showed that the extract has IC50 was 683.5294 µg/ml, while vitamin C has  IC50 lower value (251.700 µg/ml). Q
Coffea: The Application of green Components in Cosmetics Formulation
Authors: Pratiwi Liza
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the use of green components has attracted significant attention because of their safety, various pharmacological effects, various possible formulation applications, and renewable sources. Regarding its development, coffee is a potential candidate for alternatives of synthetic chemicals in cosmetic preparations because it contains active compounds including polyphenols, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are effective for use on the skin as an antioxidant, anti-aging, sunscreen, moisturizer, anti-cellulite, and face brightener. The stratum corneum is the outer layer of skin that is so impenetrable that requires a formulation to help active compounds penetrate its deeper layers. The development of formulation, type, area of origin, part of the coffee used, and the extraction method affects the characteristics of obtained cosmetics.
Antibacterial activity of Laja Gowah (Alpinia malaccensis (Brum.f) Roscoe) oil in Reducing the Number of Staphylococcus aureus Colonies in Hospital Wards
Authors: Nisyak Khoirun
Published: March 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic bacteria that cause nosocomial infections in hospitals. The use of essential oil-based antibacterials for hospital wards was developed to prevent nosocomial infections. Laja gowah oil is an essential oil isolated from the Alpinia malaccensis plant, which belongs to the Zingiberaceae plant group. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil in reducing the number of S. aureus colonies in hospital inpatient rooms through the air diffusion method. The compound content in laja gowah oil was analyzed with GC-MS. The study of antibacterial activity using the total plant counts continued with the colony count test, Gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase test. Laja gowah oil contains methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole. The installation time of the diffuser containing laja gowah oil affects the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria in hospital wards. The antibacterial activity of laja gowah oil was influenced by the synergistic effect of methyl cinnamate and 1,8-cineole compounds.
HOW CULTURAL CAPITAL IS CONVERTED INTO ECONOMIC CAPITAL: EDUCATION AS A KEY TO THE ECONOMIC POSITION OF EXPERTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, SERBIA, MACEDONIA, MONTENEGRO
Authors: Stjepanović Zaharijevski Dragana , Krstić Nemanja , Dinić Jelena
Published: March 2022

Drawing on Bourdieu’s understanding of capital, the paper attempts to explain the dynamics of conversion between cultural and economic capital among experts. More specifically, the analysis focuses on the institutionalized type of cultural capital as the most important resource of this social group, which is also measurable, widespread and clearly differentiated and normatively accepted, along with the possibilities of its conversion to economic gain in four different social settings. The results uncover a significant statistical difference between the average amount of experts’ income per country, a minor presence of experts in the area of entrepreneurship, and a large gap between experts within the areas of health care, law, military and police, and those who come from the area of social sciences.
LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES IN NATURAL NUMBERS TEACHING IN THE 4TH GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Malinović-Jovanović Nela
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of the research on the level of achievement of course objectives in natural numbers teaching in the 4th grade of primary school using the taxonomic model designed for this research purposes. The taxonomic model consists of five levels: recognition, reproduction, comprehension, generalization and application, problem solving. It was aligned with Bloom’s taxonomy in the cognitive domain, and also with the requirements related to the assessment of students’ knowledge presented in the Primary School Mathematics curriculum. A descriptive method in its analytical and classification form was used, whereupon data were obtained on the degree of operationality and classification of learning objectives in terms of concretization, realization and possibility of verifying whether the objectives can be achieved. The survey was conducted on a sample of 315 students of the 4th grade. The obtained results indicate that as the level of complexity based on the taxonomic model increases, the level of achievement of learning objectives regarding natural numbers in the 4th grade of the primary school decreases. Moreover, in the case of two learning objectives, students achieved all levels of complexity, while in the case of three learning objectives students reached the level of comprehension. When it comes to the remaining four learning objectives, they reached the level of reproduction, that is, they acquired only the basic knowledge that each student is supposed to gain at the end of the learning process. The obtained results can contribute to changes in the approaches to teaching contents in the following way: changes and innovation to the mathematics curriculum, identification and formulation of learning goals, evaluation of the level of achievement of learning objectives, more efficient individualization of the learning process, identification of criteria and standards for assessing students’ knowledge, acquiring a more permanent and better-quality knowledge, etc.
POVEZANOST FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI I TELESNE KOMPOZICIJE DECE ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Pantelić Saša D , Đošić Anđela
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research was to determine the connection between the level of physical activity and body composition among school-age children. The sample of participants included 479 students, 250 boys and 229 girls, school-age children, with an average age of 12,5±1,08. Their level of physical activity was evaluated using the FELS PAQ questionnaire, while their body composition was evaluated using the BIA method. To determine a connection between the group of predictor variables and the criterion variables, a canonical correlation analysis was used. The obtained results indicated that there is a positive correlation between the level of physical activity and the parameters of body composition, both for the sample of school-age boys (p= .002), and the sample of girls (p= .048). It could be concluded that the participants who were physically more active scored lower values for Body Fat and BMI, that is, higher values for Muscle Mass and Lean Body Mass.
THE ARTS EDUCATION SYSTEM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Mincheva Garmidolova (Moynova) Mariana
Published: March 2022

The development of art education in Bulgaria is determined by factors like historical circumstances, industrial development, professional experience and competence. They all decide the methods and approaches in art pedagogical practice, influenced to a great extend by the science approaches in England, Russia and America. In the past there was lack of traditions in the field of art pedagogy, so the teachers in art used the foreign experience. The subject “arts” appears in the Bulgarian schools at the end of XIX century, the first program in arts - in 1885. Many art programs have been created since then and their content has been improved up to nowadays. The paper gives a brief overview of the art education system in Bulgaria development from its beginnings in 1396 to the present day.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION AND UNDERSTANDING OF SCHOOL LEADERSHIP IN RURAL NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunmodimu Oluwatoyin , Nafiu Akeem Tunde , Egwu Emmanuel Makoji , Jibo Abubakar Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

This study focused on teachers’ perception and understanding of school leadership in rural Nigeria. A qualitative research design was used. Two strategies were used; interaction (exclusion strategy) and interview (inclusion strategy). The interview instrument used was ‘open-ended’. The rural schools of Kogi State made up the study’s universe. For the purpose of the study, inclusive and exclusive criteria adopted. Based on the interview, data were gathered for qualitative analysis. The data were organized on the basis of responses. The data were systematically scrutinized and are organized based on similarity in the responses of participants. Findings revealed that his leaders are inspirational and are conscious of the goals of the individual teachers. Finding further showed that teachers have positive perception about their school leaders. The study concluded that leadership of schools in the rural areas of Kogi State is deduced satisfactory, and that majority of principals in the rural schools possess the common qualities of transformational leaders. The study recommended that stakeholders of education in Kogi State including the government should boost the principals’ leadership practices towards achieving effective teaching and quality learning in the rural schools, and that principals should adopt ‘transformational leadership practice’ in the rural schools of Kogi State.
APPLYING BLENDED LEARNING COURSES FOR EDUCATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY UNIVERSITY. INFORMATION SYSTEM ‘E-UNIVERSITY’ OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VELIKO TARNOVO, BULGARIA
Authors: Lyubomirova Georgieva-Lazarova Stoyanka , Ivanov Lazarov Lachezar
Published: March 2022

In the past few years, blended learning has become more and more rapidly spread in the field of education worldwide. The idea of blended learning seems attractive because it allows for the preservation of the traditional forms of education resulting from accumulated pedagogical experience for centuries and we could altogether use the various educational functions of new technologies. The methodology developed by the author introduces a key subsystem from the integrated management information system of Veliko Tarnovo University, namely the ‘E-University’ subsystem. On the base of own experience and the analyzed research, there is an opportunity to use different media, individualize the learning process, opportunity to use different styles of learning, organizing joint learning activities. The successful application of this approach together with the organization of education and the quality of the virtual environment require the presence of the human factor which is able to combine different types of learning environments in order to provoke  students to perform various types of activities and develop their potential abilities and talents in the future.
Fertility Assessment in Different Depth of Soil in Rice -Wheat Cropping System of Western Terai of Nepal
Authors: Giri Prashant Raj , Bhatt Poonam , Pande Keshab Raj
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Soil fertility assessment plays a vital role in improving fertilizer efficiency by indicating the nutrients available in the soil. A research was conducted in 4 districts (Banke, Dang, Kapilvastu, and Rupandehi) at the western Terai of Nepal to study the fertility status at different soil depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60cm) in the paddy harvested fields. 10 samples each were collected from each district to study the nutrients available in different soil depths so that the necessary amendments could be made for the sustainable and scientific production of rice wheat. Four districts were taken as blocks and 3 different depths as the main plot. Composite soil samples were collected in each study site at 0-20,20-40 and 40-60cm soil depth. Soil physical and chemical properties like soil texture, pH, total nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus were tested in the Soil laboratory at HICAST. GenSTAT, MS-Excel, and SPSS were used for data analysis. All the soil fertility parameters analyzed were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the variation in soil depth. The soil organic matter and nitrogen level were significantly higher in Kapilvastu district (1.2767% & 0.075%) and in the upper surface of the soil (1.45% & 0.86%) while lowest soil organic matter and nitrogen levels were recorded from Rupandehi district (0.669%) and in Dang district (0.052%) respectively. In contrast, the available Phosphorus was highest in Banke district (80.02 kg/ha) and in the top depth of 0-20cm (55.32kg/ha), lowest in Kapilbastu district (35.97 kg/ha) and in the depth of 40-60cm (37.26kg/ha). The available K content followed the order: Kapilbastu (177.0kg/ha) > Dang (120.8kg/ha) > Banke &Rupendehi (81.4kg/ha) and 0-20cm depth (168.3kg/ha) > 20-40cm depth (157.7 kg/ha) >40-60cm depth (151.7kg/ha). There was no significant difference in available K levels in different depths of soil. The lowest pH was recorded in Kapilbastu district at the depth of 20-40cm (5.5). The pH of 0-20cm depth (7.147), 20-40cm depth (7.52) and 40-60 cm depth (7.449) were not significantly different as determined by DMRT. The results obtained from the study indicated that the land under rice-wheat cropping system in the western terai of Nepal has poor soil health, therefore future research strategy should be built based on the soil fertility status of the research to judge the nutrient requirement and application of nutrients for the sustainable management of crop and soil health.
Study on Properties of Bituminus Mix Using the Combination of Shredded Plastic combined with Chemical Additives
Authors: Naik Maruti , P Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The design of a satisfactory bituminous mix is a complex task due to the wide variation in properties of its constituents such as bitumen, coarse and fine aggregate, filler, etc. The design also depends on the shape and gradation of the aggregates. Flexible pavement with bituminous surfacing is commonly used in Indian highways. Distress symptoms, such as cracking, rutting, etc., are increasingly caused earlier by high traffic intensity, over loading of vehicles and significant variations in daily and seasonal temperature of the pavement. Investigations have revealed that Plastic and sulphur modifier can be used to improve properties of bitumen and bituminous mixes to make it more suitable for road construction. The present investigation comprises of determining the Marshall test properties of Dense Bitumen macadam Using VG-30 grade penetration grade bitumen modified with Sulphur as Modifier. The study helps to ascertain the suitability of Sulphur as modifier which could minimize the consumption of VG-30 grade bitumen. Also there is considerable amount of savings in bitumen cost. Keywords: Dense Bitumen macadam, combined index, Marshall Stability test, Sulfur, plastic.
Quantization of Product using Collaborative Filtering Based on Cluster
Authors: Sankar E. , Karthik L. , Sastry Kuppa Venkatasriram
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Because of strict response-time constraints, efficiency of top-k recommendation is crucial for real-world recommender systems. Locality sensitive hashing and index-based methods usually store both index data and item feature vectors in main memory, so they handle a limited number of items. Hashing-based recommendation methods enjoy low memory cost and fast retrieval of items, but suffer from large accuracy degradation. In this paper, we propose product Quantized Collaborative Filtering (pQCF) for better trade-off between efficiency and accuracy. pQCF decomposes a joint latent space of users and items into a Cartesian product of low-dimensional subspaces, and learns clustered representation within each subspace. A latent factor is then represented by a short code, which is composed of subspace cluster indexes. A user’s preference for an item can be efficiently calculated via table lookup. We then develop block coordinate descent for efficient optimization and reveal the learning of latent factors is seamlessly integrated with quantization. In this paper we also propose similarity method that has the ability to exploit multiple correlation structures between users who express their preferences for objects that are likely to have similar properties. For this we use a clustering method to find groups of similar objects. Index Terms: Product Quantization, Clustering, Product Search, Collaborative Filtering
Entertaining in Writing Classes with Bilingual Children
Authors: Bejenari Oxana Anatol’evna
Published: March 2022

The article describes a system how to arouse interest in writing in bilingual classes, how to make bilingual children respect a written and later on- a typed word. The proposed set of practical methods is of particular relevance in the context of negative attitude towards calligraphy in the era of information and communication technologies, and a limited number of study hours and restricted choice of writing aids for bilingual children.
Business Culture in the Speech of Bilingual Students
Authors: Afanasieva Nina Dmitrievna , Zakharchenko Svetlana Sergeevna , Mogileva Irina Boleslavovna
Published: March 2022

In the article, the authors highlight one of the important aspects of teaching bilingual students the Russian language - teaching the culture of business speech. Special attention is paid to the tasks of teachers aimed at improving the level of professional communicative competence of foreign students. The article also emphasizes the important role of creating such an educational language situation that allows the student to choose certain lexical and syntactic means and offer the best options for creating an oral or written utterance. The article presents some types of educational tasks, their selection for a particular lesson is correlated with the language level of each group and provides a strictly individual approach to each student. The sections of vocabulary, morphology, and stylistics were selected, in which mistakes were made during the control student sections, and special tasks were developed in order to eliminate them and translate knowledge of theoretical material into practical skills.
Features of the Construction of Children Narratives in a Bilingual Environment
Authors: Oshepkova Ekaterina Sergeevna , Kartushina Natalia Alexandrovna , Shatskaya Arina Nikolayevna
Published: March 2022

The article examines such an indicator of the development of language and culture as a childs elicited narrative. A narrative is a story created by a child based on a picture story or a series of pictures. The narrative allows to evaluate the childs coherent monologue speech. Narratives as primary forms of cultural texts reflect a certain national and cultural specifics. In the narrative, one can distinguish a macrostructure that determines its semantic completeness and adequacy, as well as a microstructure that assess lexical and grammatical accuracy. In our work, we studied the narratives of children from Moscow, the Republic of Sakha - Yakutia (Yakutsk and uluses) and the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). In addition, children performed a number of psychological tests, which made it possible to assess their level of development of executive functions and non-verbal intelligence. The main objective of the study was to identify how the factor of bilingualism influences the construction of the narrative and what other factors also influence. The study involved 765 children, including 327 boys and 438 girls ( M = 77.89 months, SD = 5.22). All children attended senior groups of kindergartens in Moscow ( n = 495), Kazan ( n = 115), the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia (Yakutsk and uluses) ( n = 155). As a result of a survey of educators and a short language test, the sample was divided into two groups: bilinguals ( n = 179 people) who communicate equally in Russian and national languages; and monolinguals (586 people) who communicate mainly or only in Russian. The results of statistical processing of the material showed that bilingualism is an important factor affecting the microstructure of narratives, however, to the greatest extent, both micro and macrostructure depend on auditory-verbal working memory. This is supported by both correlations and general linear models.
Linguistic Expression in the Novel by Adam Mekebaev “Hiding-place in the Steppe” and the Problem of Its Transmission in Russian Translation
Authors: Zhaksylykov Aslan Zhamelevich
Published: March 2022

The genre of the historical novel, in which the historical past is reconstructed, implies a special work of the writer with language - the main means of materializing, embodying and detailing the depicted historical reality. The artistic materialization of the objective world of the historical period, recreated in the novel under study is carried out by the author of the work through a description of household items and interior, beliefs and superstitions, the way of managing, ethics and speech culture, relations between estates, etc. Expressed by phraseological units, idiomatic expressions, dialect words, including obsolete reconstruction of the surrounding reality and the spiritual and psychological sphere, the inner world of the characters requires special attention of the translator. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and describe the ethnolinguistic units (phraseological word combination, idioms, dialect words, realities) found in Adam Mekebaevs historical novel A Cache in the Steppe, and to substantiate their translation into Russian. The author of the article is the author of the translation of the novel into Russian.
Linguistic Manifestations of Extremism in the Aspect of National Legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Dziadzinkin Aliaksandr Leonidovich
Published: March 2022

In the context of globalization of society, information becomes not just the sum of knowledge necessary for mankind, but a means of manipulating the consciousness of millions of people, a way of inciting hatred and enmity. Verbal crimes are committed against both human rights and freedoms and against the peace and security of mankind. In recent years, both in Russia and in Belarus, verbal offenses of an extremist nature have become more frequent. For the Belarusian and Russian linguistic and legal discourse, this is a fairly new phenomenon, the interest in which predetermined the purpose of this study - to study the phenomenon of verbal extremism in the aspect of the national legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The factual data were conflictogenic texts with extremist focus that were analyzed from a legal standpoint (Article 130 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The methodology of the research comprises the method of parametrization and logical-linguistic, comparative and lexicalsemantic analyses. The object of the research is verbal expressions of extremism. In this study, attention was paid to both the theoretical study of the phenomenon of verbal extremism and the practical analysis of conflictogenic texts. Common signs of verbal extremism are: abstractness, heightened emotional background of transmitted information, pseudo-non-involvement of a person in its dissemination. The main mechanism of sowing (inciting) discord is the use of expressions stating the superiority or exclusiveness of the dominant group as compared to the biological, social or moral defectiveness or depravity of the subgroup. The verbal mechanism of sowing (inciting) hatred is creation of defective or hostile images of the subgroup, when its members are attributed either a desire to lead parasitic lifestyles at the expense of the members of the dominant group, or they are accused of innate hostility to the dominant group and conspiring its destruction. The results obtained indicate that the Belarusian and Russian legislation reflects a similar understanding of the category of verbal extremism, which indicates the gradual harmonization of the legislative systems of Russia and Belarus in terms of assessing crimes against the peace and security of mankind.
Language Code Mixing in the Discourse of IT Companies
Authors: Poplavskaya Tat’yana Viktorovna , Choumanskaya Olga Anatol’evna
Published: March 2022

The mixing of English with national languages in business communication is a consequence of global processes: the development of transnational corporations, modern technologies, the intensification of communication flows and the dominance of English in intercultural communication. Mixing and switching of language codes is quite often observed in the corporate media discourse of IT companies. For organizations in this sphere, English is the main language of business communication, but its use goes beyond professional slang and terminology, creating characteristic forms of language codes mixing. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify and analyze situations of mixing English and Russian in the corporate media discourse of IT companies. The research material was corporate media texts in Russian and English posted on the pages of official websites, corporate blogs and in the social networks Twitter and Facebook. In the analyzed texts in Russian, English inclusions (phrases, individual words and their parts) are often observed to denote work programs and tools, corporate events. As part of the professional slang of IT professionals, English words are transmitted using the Cyrillic alphabet and in accordance with the rules of Russian grammar. The influence of English on Russian media discourse in the IT field is also observed in the expansion of the meanings of some words. In Russian media texts, there are also phrases that are not typical for the Russian language, but represent a literal translation of English phrases. English-language sentences are used in Russian texts as mottos or slogans of the company, as congratulations or advice. As a result of the content analysis of the selected media texts, it was also found that along with the English language, the values typical for the discourse of American corporations are being borrowed. It was found that the value dominants of the corporate discourse of IT companies are change and progress, success, equality, partnership.
From a Rhetoric of tapeinosis and humilitas through the Tradition of Holy Fools to Dostoevsky’s Christopoetics (The Idiot)
Authors: Uffelmann Dirk
Published: March 2022

The Christological hymn included in Apostle Paul’s Epistle to the Philippians (2,5-11) applies two different Greek verbs in connection to the concept of Christ’s self-humiliation: kenosis and tapeinosis. This article traces the interconnections between the ethical norm of positive self-humiliation (kenosis) and the rhetorical practice of abasement (tapeinosis). The latter used to be considered as something undesirable throughout most of the history of rhetoric, while it was rendered functional by the imitators of Christ. This fact gave rise to a thread ranging from Greek fathers (John Chrysostom, Theodoret of Cyrrhus) to Johann Georg Hamann and Karlfried Gründer, who argue for a positive understanding of rhetorical humility as well. Drawing on this conceptual tradition, the author zooms in on the poor appearance and humble speech of Russian holy fools which inspired the communicative behavior of the Christlike character of Count Myshkin as imagined in Fedor M. Dostoevsky’s novel The Idiot (1867-1869). In contrast to merely negative interpretations of Myshkin’s defeat in the plot of the novel, for example by Walter Benjamin, the author demonstrates that it is exactly his communicative deficits and clumsiness which render Myshkin a convincing imitator of Christ—through his ethical humility and oral defensiveness, which make Myshkin’s failure comparable to Christ’s passion and crucifixion.
The Combination Effect of Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol on Staphylococcus aureus Isolate of Diabetic Gangrene
Authors: Purnomo Yudi , Chandra Pasha , Triliana Rahma
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetic gangrene is a complication of Diabetes mellitus caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The combination of Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol is often used to cure gangrene infection, even though, they produce antagonist interaction based on theory. Objectives: To evaluate the potency of Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and its combination on Staphylococcus aureus isolate of Diabetic gangrene. Material and Methods: The research was done by using disc diffusion methods with Muller Hinton media. Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and its combination dose of 7,5 µg/ml, 15 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml, respectively were tested on Staphylococcus aureus culture taken form the diabetic gangrene patients.  Antibacterial effect was observed by measuring inhibition zone on bacteria culture. Type of interaction was analyzed by Ameri-Ziaei Double Antibiotic Synergism Test (AZDAST) method. The results of study were tested statistically with One Way ANOVA (p=0.05) followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Results: The combination of Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol showed an antibacterial effect lower than Ceftriaxone. ß-lactam antibiotic like Ceftriaxone require the cell be growing and dividing in order to have a bactericidal action. Meanwhile, Chloramphenicol causes a slow growth of Staphylococcus aureus and impairs bactericidal effect of Ceftriaxone if they are combined. Conclusions: Ceftriaxone and Chloramphenicol combination has lower antibacterial effect than the single antibiotic groups on Staphylococcus aureus isolate of Gangrene diabetic and the type of interaction is antagonistic.
TRANSAKSI LAYANAN KOIN GAME GOYANG SHOPEE PADA JUAL BELI ONLINE DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Lestanti Yuli
Published: March 2022

The development of modern society has brought about changes in several aspects including economic aspects which are marked by fintec (financial technology) used in transactions in online trading through the Shopee application present in the community as one of the solutions and conveniences obtained by providing transactions using known coins coins from the Shopee shake game. Before trading, play the shopee shake game to get coins with the benefits gained from the Shopee shake game. This study aims to find out transactions using game shopee coins andÂ  review Islamic law on online trading. This type of research is a field research. The object of research is about transactions using coins from the shopee shake game. The results of this study indicate that in the law of the shopee shake game coin service transactions on online buying and selling is legal because it is harmonious and the transaction requirements of the shopee shake game coin service on buying and selling online have been fulfilled. However, it is forbidden syar'i because by getting coins from the shopee shake game contains gambling elements and the gharar is real because the benefits of spending data packages and coins are unclear, some get a lot or he doesn't get anything so he loses. In giving discounts using coins it is not certain initially 50% now to 25% of the total checkout.Keywords:Â Buy and Sell Online; Shopee Shake Game; Shopee Gold Coins; Islamic law.ABSTRAKSemakin berkembangnya masyarakat modern membawa perubahan dari beberapa segi tidak terkecuali segi ekonomi yang ditandai dengan fintech(financial technology) yang dipakai dalam transaksi pada jual beli online melalui aplikasi Shopee hadir di masyarakat sebagai salah satu solusi dan kemudahan yang didapatkan dengan memberikan transaksi menggunakan koin yang dikenal koin dari game goyang Shopee. Sebelum bertransaksi bermain game goyang shopee untuk mendapatkan koin dengan untung-untungan yang didapatkan dari game goyang Shopee. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui transaksi dalam menggunakan koin game shopee dan Â tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap jual beli online ini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan. Adapun yang menjadi obyek penelitian adalah tentang transaksi dengan menggunakan koin dari game goyang shopee. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum dari transaksi layanan koin game goyang shopee pada jual beli online yaitu Â sah karena rukun dan syarat transaksi layanan koin game goyang shopee pada jual beli online sudah terpenuhi. Akan tetapi diharamkan syarâ€™i karena dengan mendapatkan koin dari game goyang shopee mengandung unsur perjudian dan gharar-nya nyata karena untung-untungan dengan menghabiskan paket data dan koin tidak jelas, ada yang mendapat banyak atau ia tidak mendapat apa-apa sehingga ia rugi. Dalam pemberian potongan harga dengan menggunakan koin itu tidak pasti awalnya 50% sekarang menjadi 25% dari total checkout.Kata Kunci: Jual beli online; Game goyang shopee; Koin emas shopee; Hukum Islam.Â
Co-administration of mTor Inhibitors and Carbamazepine May Lead to Ineffectiveness of Therapy: A Case Report of a 24-year-old Man
Authors: Sawan Asma , Becker Guillaume , Lefevre Paul , Brumaru Daniel , Bergerat Jean-pierre , Lessinger Jean-marc , Kemmel Véronique
Published: March 2022

THE PATIENT A 24-year-old male patient, known to have tuberous sclerosis
complex, developed renal epithelioid angiomyolipomas with hepatic
metastasis. Everolimus treatment failed, this lead to a switch to
temsirolimus treatment without more efficiency that appeared later on
was due to drug-drug interaction which was dealt with in an effective
manner
Funkcjonowanie zimnych łańcuchów dostaw oraz zagrożenia w nich występujące
Authors: Kojder Monika , Klepacki Bogdan
Published: March 2022

Przedstawiono procesy zachodzące w zimnym łańcuchu dostaw, a także podstawowe definicje, występujące ogniwa oraz możliwe rodzaje łańcuchów. Zaprezentowano łańcuch chłodniczy – celowość jego istnienia, wyroby jakimi mogą się zajmować przedsiębiorstwa, segmenty zimnego łańcucha, potencjalne rozwiązania chłodnicze oraz zagrożenia w działaniu.
Impaired Cold-Stimulated Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Young Boys With Obesity
Authors: Ahmed Basma A. , Varah Nina , Ong Frank J. , Blondin Denis P. , Gunn Elizabeth , Konyer Norman B. , Singh Nina P. , Noseworthy Michael D. , Haman Francois , Carpentier Andre C. , Punthakee Zubin , Steinberg Gregory R. , Morrison Katherine M.
Published: March 2022

Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide problem. In adults, lower cold-induced brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is linked to obesity and metabolic dysfunction; this relationship remains uncertain in children. In this cross-sectional study, we compared cold-induced supraclavicular (SCV) BAT activity (percent change in proton density fat fraction [PDFF]) within the SCV region after 1 h of whole-body cold exposure (18°C), using MRI in 26 boys aged 8–10 years: 13 with normal BMI and 13 with overweight/obesity. Anthropometry, body composition, hepatic fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and pre- and postcold PDFF of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the posterior neck region and the abdomen were measured. Boys with overweight/obesity had lower cold-induced percent decline in SCV PDFF compared with those with normal BMI (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 4.7 ± 1.2%, P = 0.044). SCV PDFF declined significantly in boys with normal BMI (2.7 ± 0.7%, P = 0.003) but not in boys with overweight/obesity (1.1 ± 0.5%, P = 0.053). No cold-induced changes in the PDFF of either neck SAT (−0.89 ± 0.7%, P = 0.250, vs. 0.37 ± 0.3%, P = 0.230) or abdominal SAT (−0.39 ± 0.5%, P = 0.409, and 0.25 ± 0.2%, P = 0.139, for normal BMI and overweight/obesity groups, respectively) were seen. The cold-induced percent decline in SCV PDFF was inversely related to BMI (r = −0.39, P = 0.047), waist circumference (r = −0.48, P = 0.014), and VAT (r = −0.47, P = 0.014). Thus, in young boys, as in adults, BAT activity is lower in those with overweight/obesity, suggesting that restoring activity may be important for improving metabolic health.
Incidence of an Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2–Infected Young Individuals: Is It Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Pietropaolo Massimo , Hotez Peter , Giannoukakis Nick
Published: March 2022

Pancreatic ACE2 receptor expression, together with increased prevalence of insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suggested that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pancreatic infection might trigger a β-cell–selective inflammation precipitating autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined T1D incidence in patients with COVID-19 inside a large, global population using a “big data” approach. The incidence in 0–30-year-old patients with confirmed COVID-19 over an ∼15-month period from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was compared with an age-matched population without COVID-19 inside the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network (>80 million deidentified patient electronic medical records globally). The cohorts were used to generate outcomes of T1D postindex. In those up to 18 years of age, the incidence of insulin-requiring diabetes that could represent T1D in patients with already diagnosed, confirmed COVID-19 was statistically indistinguishable from the control population without COVID-19. In contrast, in those aged 19–30 years, the incidence was statistically greater. These data suggest that the incidence of T1D among patients with COVID-19 <30 years of age, at least up to this time since the beginning of the pandemic, is not greater when compared with an age-, sex-, and BMI-matched population without COVID-19. Nevertheless, we caution that patients with COVID-19 could be asymptomatic of a diabetic/prediabetic state and therefore would not be expected to come to medical attention, remaining undiagnosed. Hence, it is still possible that asymptomatic virus-infected individuals could acquire β-cell autoimmunity, eventually progressing to dysglycemia and clinical T1D at higher rates.
Incidence of an Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome in SARS CoV-2-Infected Young Individuals: Is it Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Pietropaolo Massimo , Hotez Peter , Giannoukakis Nick
Published: March 2022

Pancreatic Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) expression, together with increased
prevalence of insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients, suggested
that SARS CoV-2 pancreatic infection might trigger a beta cell-selective inflammation
precipitating autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We examined T1D incidence in
COVID-19 patients inside a large, global population using a "big data"
approach. The incidence in 0-30 year-old confirmed COVID-19 patients over an
approximately 15 month period from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was
compared to an age-matched non-COVID-19 population inside the TriNetX COVID-19
Research Network (>80 million de-identified patient electronic medical
records globally). The cohorts were used to generate outcomes of T1D
post-index. In ages up to 18, the incidence of insulin-requiring diabetes that
could represent T1D in patients with already-diagnosed, confirmed COVID-19 was statistically-indistinguishable
from the non-COVID-19 control population. In contrast, in ages 19-30, the
incidence was statistically-greater. These data suggest
that the incidence of T1D among COVID-19 patients <30 years of age, at least
up to this time since the beginning of the pandemic, is not greater when
compared to a non-COVID-19 age, sex, and BMI-matched population. Nevertheless, we
caution that COVID-19 patients could be asymptomatic of a diabetic/pre-diabetic
state and therefore would not be expected to come to medical attention,
remaining undiagnosed. Hence, it is still possible that asymptomatic
virus-infected individuals could acquire beta cell autoimmunity, eventually
progressing to dysglycemia and clinical T1D at higher rates.
Serum Metabolomics of Incident Diabetes and Glycemic Changes in a Population With High Diabetes Burden: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Chai Jin Choul , Chen Guo-Chong , Yu Bing , Xing Jiaqian , Li Jun , Khambaty Tasneem , Perreira Krista M. , Perera Marisa J , Vidot Denise C. , Castaneda Sheila F. , Selvin Elizabeth , Rebholz Casey M. , Daviglus Martha L. , Cai Jianwen , Horn Linda Van , Isasi Carmen R , Sun Qi , Hawkins Meredith , Xue Xiaonan , Boerwinkle Eric , Kaplan Robert C. , Qi Qibin
Published: March 2022

Metabolomic signatures of incident
diabetes remain largely unclear for US Hispanics/Latinos, a group with high
diabetes burden. We evaluated the associations of 624 known serum metabolites
(measured by a global, untargeted approach) with incident diabetes in a
subsample (n = 2010) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
without diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (2008-2011). On the
basis of the significant metabolites associated with incident diabetes, metabolite
modules were detected using topological network analysis and their associations
with incident diabetes and longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic traits were further
examined. There were 224
incident cases of diabetes after on average 6 years of follow-up. After
adjustment for sociodemographic,
behavioral and clinical factors,
134 metabolites were associated with incident diabetes (FDR-adjusted P<0.05). We identified 10 metabolite
modules, including modules comprised of previously reported diabetes-related metabolites
(e.g., sphingolipids, phospholipids, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and
glycine) and two reflecting potentially novel metabolite groups (e.g., threonate,
N-methylproline, oxalate, and tartarate in a plant-food metabolite module; and androstenediol
sulfates in an androgenic-steroid metabolite module). The plant-food metabolite
module and its components were associated with higher diet quality (especially
higher intakes of healthy plant-based foods), lower risk of diabetes, and
favorable longitudinal changes in HOMA-IR. The androgenic-steroid module and
its component metabolites decreased with increasing age and were associated
with higher risk of diabetes and greater increases in 2-h glucose over time. We
replicated the associations of both modules with incident diabetes in a US
cohort of non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites (n = 1754). Among US Hispanics/Latinos
we identified metabolites across various biological pathways, including those
reflecting androgenic steroids and plant-derived foods, associated with
incident diabetes and changes in glycemic traits, highlighting the
importance of hormones and dietary intake in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
The effect of group work strategy in English teaching and learning in SMP Bandar Lampung
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Supriyadi Deddy , Sholihah Lilis ,   Universitas Lampung, Shafwati Dian ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: March 2022

This research aims to analyze the effect of group learning strategies in teaching and learning English at the stage of junior high schools in Bandar Lampung. Moreover, this study used a descriptive qualitative research. Observation, open-ended questionnaires, and interviews were used in this study. The result of this study showed that the group work strategy had significant effect towards English learning outcomes. In addition, some teachers and students approved that the group work strategy is an active learning strategy. It was proven by teachers’ answers on open-ended questionnaires. In sum, it can be inferred that group work strategy can be used to make an active learning and improve students’ outcomes in learning English. Although in pandemic situation, group work strategy can be applied by using some application which can support teaching and learning English.
Living Systematic Reviews: Practical Considerations for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program
Authors: McDonagh Marian S. , Chou Roger , Wagner Jesse , Ahmed Azrah Y. , Morasco Benjamin J. , Iyer Suchitra , Kansagara Devan
Published: March 2022

Living systematic reviews are a relatively new approach to keeping the evidence in systematic reviews current by frequent surveillance and updating. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Evidence-based Practice Center Program recently commissioned a systematic review of plant-based treatments for chronic pain management. This white paper describes the team’s experience in implementing the protocol that was developed a priori, and reflects on the challenges faced and lessons learned in the process of developing and maintaining a living systematic review. Challenges related to scoping, conducting searches, selecting studies, abstracting data, assessing risk of bias, conducting meta-analysis, performing narrative synthesis, assessing strength of evidence, and generating conclusions are described, as well as potential approaches to addressing these challenges.