bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and consequences of brand hate: a study of Pakistan’s telecommunication industry
Authors: Attiq Saman , Hasni Muhammad Junaid Shahid , Zhang Chun
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to extend the body of knowledge on brand hate and further examine its significant antecedents and consequences to investigate how brand hate affects consumers’ behavioural responses.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a questionnaire to collect data from 403 consumers of Pakistan’s mobile telecommunication industry. Smart partial least square was then used to analyse the data.

Findings

This study provides insights into the conception of brand hate in the context of Pakistani consumers. This study’s findings indicate that “neuroticism”, as a consumer-related antecedent, “perceived price unfairness”, “poor product/service quality” and “post-purchase service failures” as company-controlled determinants have significant impacts on brand hate. This, in turn, leads to brand avoidance and brand retaliation. Managerial implications and avenues for future research are also discussed. This study provides insights into the conception of brand hate in the context of Pakistani consumers.

Originality/value

The original findings of this work can thus provide meaningful guidance for companies to mitigate the spread of brand hate among consumers.
Crisis, innovation and change management: a blind spot for micro-firms?
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Dimos , Vlados Charis
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how the owners of less competitive micro-firms (MFs) perceive the “crisis–innovation–change management” triangle. It examines whether their understanding of these overarching entrepreneurship theory principles is inadequate compared to the relevant scientific literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative analysis follows principles based on the inductive method and grounded theory, thickly describing the results from research conducted in a sample of 38 tertiary-sector MFs in the Eastern Macedonia and Thrace region – one of the least developed and competitive areas across Europe. It triangulates the data with 11 respective small firms.

Findings

MF owners perceive the crisis as an ostensibly exogenous phenomenon, innovation as something quasi-unattainable – although vaguely significant – and change management as a relatively unknown process. This understanding lies somewhat distant from the extant literature that examines the structural nature of crises, the innovational power to exit profound restructurings and the rebalancing requisite for building new overall organizational methods to survive this internal–external transformation. In essence, the triangle crisis–innovation–change management is a blind spot for the examined MF owners as they ignore its significance as an adaptation mechanism – contrary to several direct competitors.

Social implications

Based on the reluctance of these individuals to cultivate their systematic business knowledge, it seems unrealistic that they would seek to pay the necessary high price for business consulting in the future. An ideal solution would be to build public entrepreneurship clinics to provide these less dynamic and adaptable organizations with free preliminary or in-depth counseling. The Institute of Local Development-Innovation could aim to provide free consulting services to reinforce organizational physiology by coordinating different socioeconomic actors.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this empirical research is one of the first to test the comprehension of weaker MFs – less competitive and developed in organizational terms – to the triangle crisis–innovation–change management.
Audit committee financial expertise and information asymmetry
Authors: El Mahdy Dina , Hao Jia , Cong Yu
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between audit committee expertise and asymmetric information in the US equity market.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use measures of information asymmetry for 705 US firms (5,260 firm-year observations) over the period from 2007 to 2018, and use the theory of expertise (Ericsson and Smith, 1991) to examine the association between audit committee financial expertise and information asymmetry. The authors use multiple econometric approaches such as firm fixed-effect regression and two-stage ordinary least squares regression to control for possible endogeneity and reverse causality and find that the results remain the same.

Findings

The authors find that the existence of an audit committee with financial expertise is negatively and significantly associated with information asymmetry. The authors further provide empirical evidence through which audit committee financial expertise affects the firm’s informational environment. Additional analysis supports the argument that the audit committee’s financial expertise enhances the firm’s informational environment by increasing (decreasing) analyst following (dispersion).

Research limitations/implications

One limitation to consider, like most studies on audit committees, is that the authors do not examine the actual role performed by the audit committee. The authors focus on the characteristics stipulated by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act 2002 and stock exchange rules regarding the financial expertise of audit committee members only.

Practical implications

This study is useful to policy makers, standard setters, investors, activists, managers, lenders and various stakeholders who rely on the financial statements of firms with an expert audit committee on board. The outcome of this study promotes recruiting audit committees with financial expertise due to the assumed benefits of this trait to the US firm.

Social implications

The results of this study are not event-dependent and therefore have persistent effects, which is important to the evaluation of the usefulness of a regulation. This study promotes recruiting audit committees with financial expertise on boards because of the assumed benefits to the firm and investors.

Originality/value

This study is the first to document that financial expertise of audit committee characteristics is not only negatively related to the magnitude of information asymmetry but also driven by the financial expertise of audit committee members rather than chairs.
The relationship between strategic orientations and firm performance: is environmental munificence the missing link?
Authors: Dahan Gavriel , Shoham Aviv
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of strategic orientations on firm performance moreover, to assess the role of environmental munificence as a moderator for the link between strategic orientations and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study designed as quantitative research method. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and included 185 managers from various industries in Israel. The analysis of this study was done by Smart PLS-SEM 3 software. Based on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, the authors view departmental characteristics (conflicts and connectedness) as antecedents of strategic orientations (customer and competitor). These, in turn, affect firm performance, defined here with two facets: behavioral (team spirit and commitment) and bottom-line performance.

Findings

The analysis results show that customer and competitor orientations affect bottom-line performance. However, only customer orientation affected team spirit and employee commitment. Finally, environmental munificence had a limited moderation role, affecting the relationship between competitor orientation and between behavioral outcomes (team spirit and commitment).

Originality/value

This study defining the importance of firm's strategic orientations as key capabilities for achieving competitive advantage.
Tracking student learning outcome engagement at the reference desk to facilitate assessment
Authors: Current Michael D.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper presents a novel approach to associating patron interactions with specific student learning objectives (SLOs) incorporated into reference transactions in an environment where learning, as opposed to usage or user satisfaction data, is considered a benchmark of success.

Design/methodology/approach

As part of the routine process of recording reference transactions into a tracking database, reference librarians associated each of their patron interactions with library programmatic SLOs they perceived addressed through the teaching they incorporated into the interaction. Reporting functions of the transaction database software were utilized to uncover notable patterns of teaching.

Findings

The most and least addressed programmatic SLOs were identified. The distribution pattern of SLOs addressed was found to be consistent over time. A correlation was found between the length of interactions and which SLOs were addressed in the interaction. Citation assistance was found to be often incorporated into complex research questions. SLOs addressed varied slightly by day of the week. The distribution patterns of SLOs addressed were found to vary greatly by the librarian.

Research limitations/implications

It is difficult to verify the quality of tagging data. Strategies for addressing such concerns include ensuring participating librarians agree on the importance of creating reliable data and ensuring they have solid and similar understandings of the program's SLOs.

Originality/value

This project demonstrates that actionable findings can be derived from tracking the specific programmatic SLOs being addressed in reference interactions. Formal assessment projects and other targeted efforts to improve learning in reference interactions in response to such findings are suggested as positive contributions to the overall reorientation of academic libraries toward measuring successful librarianship in terms of student learning.
The impact of UNESCO world heritage sites on the origin distribution of inbound tourist flows from the global perspective
Authors: Xu Yiwen , Zheng Qingyan , Yang Yang , Li Wei
Published: October 2022

Purpose

World Heritage Sites (WHSs), as crucial tourist attractions, have been demonstrated to promote inbound tourism development; however, no study has analyzed its impact on the origin distribution of inbound tourist flows (ODITFs), leaving a research gap. This study aims to apply power law to assess ODITFs and explore the impact of WHSs on ODITFs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applied the power law of rank-size distribution to calculate ODITFs in 167 countries/regions from 1997 to 2018 and used the panel data model to analyze the effect of WHSs on ODITFs.

Findings

WHSs could positively impact ODITFs to be more even. Among them, a cultural WHS shows a more pronounced effect on ODITFs, while the effect of natural WHSs is negligible.

Originality/value

This study advances knowledge about the impact of WHSs on inbound tourism from the standpoint of ODITFs, contributing to the inbound tourist flows theory and tourist attraction theory. In a realistic sense, WHSs, as crucial tourist attractions, could make ODITFs more even, implying that destination management organizations could gain higher growth of incremental tourists from tail markets rather than head markets when increasing tourist attractions.
Measuring the sustainability of tourist destinations based on the SDGs: the case of Algarve in Portugal: Tourism Agenda 2030
Authors: Pimentel de Oliveira Danielle , Pitarch-Garrido María Dolores
Published: October 2022

Purpose

A synthetic indicator (SI) is developed to measure the sustainability of tourist destinations according to four proposed dimensions of sustainable development: social, economic, environmental and political. Its purpose is to determine the most appropriate indicators for each type of tourist destination, i.e. which variables should be considered in each territory according to its typology (environmental, social, economic and tourism). To test the usefulness and employability of the SI, it has been applied in the Algarve (Portugal). Three destinations were analysed in this region: Albufeira, Faro and Lagos, all three good examples of the well-known sun and beach tourism model.

Design/methodology/approach

The SI is the result of a system of indicators. To reach the final result, a multi-criteria calculation has been used in which the most important variables that fit the territorial reality analysed have been included, based on an exhaustive analysis of more than 2,000 indicators proposed by various scientific studies and international organisations such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The results of this analysis have been weighted according to the opinion of the population. A survey of more than 1,800 questionnaires was carried out in tourist destinations with high seasonality and dependence on tourism in the Algarve, Portugal. Finally, the SI has been aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Findings

The level of sustainability and the level of social concern regarding tourism activity were defined. In the Algarve, tourism is transforming the landscape and the local economy, and overcrowding is perceived as an economic activity that negatively affects sustainability. The concerns of the resident population about the impacts of tourism have served to identify priority strategies to improve the level of sustainability of the destinations. The three territories analysed present different problems and therefore require different strategies for action, mainly of a local public nature. The final result indicates the level of sustainability of the destination, which allows specific actions for improvement in the short, medium and long term to be generated.

Practical implications

The results made it possible to develop lines of action aimed at improving the sustainable management of each tourist destination analysed. Involving the local population allows the residents of the destination to be part of tourism policies, assuming a bottom-up strategy. This research provides answers to destinations seeking to implement sustainable tourism, offering tourism sector managers tools for correct decision-making.

Originality/value

This research presents a SI based on a system of indicators adjusted to the needs of the territory to be analysed, takes into account the opinion of the local population as a weighting factor and is in line with the 17 SDGs.
Need-driven dementia compromised behavior theory and health belief model: a theory critique
Authors: Rababa Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critique and evaluate need-driven dementia compromised behavior theory and the health behavioral model using Meleis’ (2010) criteria of theory evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach

Theory critique using Meleis’ (2010) criteria of theory evaluation.

Findings

This paper provides a conclusion about each theory in terms of agitation in the elderly. Meleis’s (2010) criteria will be used for both theories to evaluate different components such as the relationship between structure and function, diagram of the theory, circle of the contagiousness, usefulness and external components.

Originality/value

The critique of the two theories broadened the nurses’ understanding of the connection between the NDB model and the behavior symptoms, including agitation and its related issues. Further studies need to be conducted to shed light on the other aspects of the behavioral symptoms in elderly with dementia that supports the results of this study, like its specific causes, trigger factors and other intervention strategies. Nurses should be able not only to understand the patient’s behavior symptoms but also to decode them into communication signals to meet their needs in a more effective way.
Developing thinking teachers: reflective practice in schools for children with severe learning disabilities and profound and multiple learning disabilities
Authors: Hinchcliffe Vivian
Published: October 2022

The increasing complexity of children with SLD and PMLD can make day‐to‐day teaching challenging and emotionally taxing. Regular opportunities for teachers to reflect upon practice can help teachers make sense of what happens in the classroom and see the relationship between their personal theories, values and beliefs, and their thinking, knowledge and action. Reflective practice can also have a positive effect on teachers' wellbeing. Continuing Professional Development Practice in special schools should not ignore ‘professional artistry’ in teaching in favour of ‘technical‐rational’ aspects. This is discussed in reference to a practical exercise on Reflective Practice used with staff in a school for children with SLD and PMLD.
MISSING OLDER ADULTS IN A GENTRIFYING DOWNTOWN: Detroit's Rebrand for a Young and Talented Pool of Residents
Authors: Berglund Lisa , Mah Julie , Perry Tam , Rencher Patricia
Published: October 2022

Very little research has focused on how age factors into gentrification processes and how place branding helps drive gentrification. Scholarship on gentrification has engaged with the ways that race and class intersect to marginalize long‐time residents politically and economically in the context of gentrification, but rarely analyzes the important role that age plays in exclusion, or how it is represented materially in the branding of changing neighborhoods. To address this gap, this article aims to present a better understanding of how age plays into representation in new developments through the branding of downtown Detroit as a young, hip place to live, work and play. The article outlines how older adults are excluded from the reimagining of the ‘new Detroit’ using a content analysis of media articles, social media, promotional materials and downtown redevelopment strategies. This analysis showed limited representation of older adults in new developments, activities and public spaces downtown. Instead, images focused on younger people, young families and young professionals enjoying downtown amenities, often highlighting their perceived economic contributions. Biased representations of changing neighborhoods create barriers to developing an age‐friendly city. These findings inform the article's recommendations directed at planners and developers on how older adults can be better accommodated and included in the development boom of downtown Detroit.
Face‐to‐face interactions, tenant resilience, and commercial real estate performance
Authors: Wang Chongyu , Zhou Tingyu
Published: October 2022

We study the impact of face‐to‐face (FTF) interactions on commercial real estate (CRE) performance. By linking tenants, properties, and CRE firms, we construct three novel FTF measures that capture tenant remote working, internal communication between coworkers, and external contact with customers. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an exogenous shock to the FTF economy, we find that firms holding properties with tenants that are more resilient to social distancing perform better. These FTF effects weaken over the long term, however. As investors are capable of compiling valuable information at granular levels regarding how tenants operate, our findings support market efficiency and shed light on postpandemic CRE performance.
Externalities of residential property flipping
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Yavas Abdullah , Zhu Bing
Published: October 2022

This study investigates whether flipping activities impose an externality on the transaction prices of the neighboring nonflipped properties. Using a data set of residential property transactions in Clark County, Nevada for the period 2003–2013, we find that flippers impose a significant positive impact on the price of neighboring nonflipped properties in an up market, but a significant negative effect in a down market. This procyclical impact of flipping activity contributes to the volatility of housing prices, hence magnifying boom and bust cycles and increasing the likelihood of a mortgage crisis.
Which log variables significantly predict academic achievement? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Qin , Mousavi Amin
Published: October 2022

Technologies and teaching practices can provide a rich log data, which enables learning analytics (LA) to bring new insights into the learning process for ultimately enhancing student success. This type of data has been used to discover student online learning patterns, relationships between online learning behaviors and assessment performance. Previous studies have provided empirical evidence that not all log variables were significantly associated with student academic achievement and the relationships varied across courses. Therefore, this study employs a systematic review with meta‐analysis method to provide a comprehensive review of the log variables that have an impact on student academic achievement. We searched six databases and reviewed 88 relevant empirical studies published from 2010 to 2021 for an in‐depth analysis. The results show different types of log variables and the learning contexts investigated in the reviewed studies. We also included four moderating factors to do moderator analyses. A further significance test was performed to test the difference of effect size among different types of log variables. Limitations and future research expectations are provided subsequently.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Significant relationship between active engagement in online courses and academic achievement was identified in a number of previous studies.

Researchers have reviewed the literature to examine different aspects of applying LA to gain insights for monitoring student learning in digital environments (eg, data sources, data analysis techniques).

What this paper adds

Presents a new perspective of the log variables, which provides a reliable quantitative conclusion of log variables in predicting student academic achievement.

Conducted subgroup analysis, examined four potential moderating variables and identified their moderating effect on several log variables such as regularity of study interval, number of online sessions, time‐on‐task, starting late and late submission.

Compared the effect of generic and course‐specific, basic and elaborated log variables, and found significant difference between the basic and elaborated.

Implications for practice and/or policy

A depth of understanding of these log variables may enable researchers to build robust prediction models.

It can guide the instructors to timely adjust teaching strategies according to their online learning behaviors.
The psychology of colonial ideologies: Decoupling pro‐egalitarian and neo‐colonial sources of support for Puerto Rico statehood
Authors: Rivera Pichardo Eduardo J. , Vargas Salfate Salvador , Knowles Eric D.
Published: October 2022

Among Puerto Ricans, support for U.S. statehood (i.e. the complete annexation of Puerto Rico as the 51st state of the United States) has been linked to an internalized sense of inferiority, colonial system justification and political conservatism. However, no research has explored this question from the perspective of U.S. Americans. We analyse the role that the dual colonial ideologies of historical negation (of colonial injustices) and symbolic exclusion (of the colonial subjects) have in explaining support for Puerto Rico's statehood and other political status options for Puerto Rico among U.S. Americans, applying a decolonial adaptation of the Dark Duo Model of Post‐Colonial Ideology (DDM). Confirmatory factor analyses validate the factor structure of our adaptation of the DDM scale in an MTurk sample (N = 435) and two student samples (N = 578; N = 381). Latent profile analyses uncover two distinct ideological groups that tend to support Puerto Rican statehood: a ‘pro‐egalitarian’ group committed to both cultural inclusion and material aid for Puerto Rico and a ‘neo‐colonial’ group equally open to cultural inclusion but opposed to material aid. We discuss how symbolic cultural politics, not an egalitarian commitment to material aid aimed at redressing colonial injustices, underlie support for the annexation of Puerto Rico among a significant group of U.S. Americans.
Development of social functioning in children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Sakzewski Leanne , Whittingham Koa , Wotherspoon Jane , Chatfield Mark D. , Ware Robert S. , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: October 2022

Aim

To describe the development of social function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in all levels of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).

Method

This prospective, longitudinal population‐based cohort study recruited children with CP born in Queensland, Australia. Social functioning was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) social function domain at 2 years, 2 years 6 months, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years, and the PEDI Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT) social/cognitive domain at 8 to 12 years.

Results

Seventy‐four children provided 356 observations. PEDI‐CAT social/cognitive scaled scores at 8 to 12 years were (mean [SD] n) CFCS level I, 68.6 (2.7) 45; CFCS level II, 64.0 (3.4) 10; CFCS level III, 63.5 (3.7) 4; CFCS level IV, 56.8 (5.0) 9; CFCS level V, 47.2 (5.8) 6. Scores within expected range for age (not less than 2 SD below mean) at 8 to 12 years were achieved by 35 (78%) children in CFCS level I and four (14%) in CFCS levels II to V. Forty‐nine per cent of children scored at least two standard deviations below the population mean on a proxy measure of fluid intelligence. Intellectual impairment was associated with lower PEDI‐CAT social/cognitive scaled scores in univariable analysis (β = −8.3, 95% confidence interval − 10.91 to −5.63; p < 0.001) but had a smaller effect when modelled together with CFCS.

Interpretation

Social function attained by 8 to 12 years of age was strongly related to level of communication function (CFCS). The small number of children classified in CFCS levels II to V necessitates caution when viewing these individual CFCS level trajectories.

What this paper adds

There is a strong relation between social functioning and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels.

At 8 to 12 years, 35 out of 45 children in CFCS level I met social functioning age expectations.

Twenty‐five out of 29 in CFCS levels II to V had social functioning below that expected for age.

CFCS and age were more strongly associated with development of social functioning than Gross Motor Function Classification System or Manual Ability Classification System and age.
Growth and mortality of sympatric Atlantic salmon and brown trout fry in fluctuating and stable flows
Authors: Addo Louis , Hajiesmaeili Mahboobeh , Piccolo John J. , Watz Johan
Published: October 2022

Sub‐daily fluctuations in streamflow may have adverse effects on the biota downstream of dams in hydropeaking‐regulated rivers. Although the stranding of salmonid fry is one documented effect of hydropeaking, little is known about the species‐specific behavioural and subsequent growth effects of sub‐daily flow fluctuations. We investigated the effects of sub‐daily flow fluctuation on growth, mortality and behaviour of sympatric Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) fry (29–34 mm) in a laboratory experiment. The fluctuating flow treatment negatively affected growth and increased mortality for trout but not for salmon. The level of aggressive behaviour was similar in the fluctuating‐ and stable‐flow treatments. Within the fluctuating flow treatment, there was a trend that more fishes were visibly active above the substrate during low than high flow. These findings suggest that hydropeaking‐induced flow fluctuations may affect fry of different salmonid species in different ways and that brown trout fry may be more vulnerable to hydropeaking effects than Atlantic salmon fry. It can therefore be important to consider the possibility of divergent reactions by different fish species under hydropeaking situations and to incorporate species‐specific strategies to conserve culturally and economically relevant riverine fish species.
Emotion dysregulation and couple relationship satisfaction of clinical couples: An actor‐partner interdependence model
Authors: Xu Min , Johnson Lee N. , Anderson Shayne R. , Hunt Quintin , Bradford Angela B. , Banford Witting Alyssa , Bean Roy , Miller Rick B.
Published: October 2022

Despite the pivotal role that emotion regulation is thought to occupy for individual and relational wellbeing, emotion regulation in couples has been surprisingly understudied. With a clinical sample consisting of 275 couples starting therapy from 2017 to 2022, this study sought to clarify the actor and partner effects of clinical couples' emotion dysregulation on relationship satisfaction. Our results showed that, for partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions, while impulse control difficulties, lack of emotional awareness, and limited emotion regulation strategies were negatively predictive of couple relationship satisfaction, nonacceptance of negative emotions had a positive association with relationship satisfaction. Further, compared with other dimensions of emotion dysregulation, female limited emotion regulation strategies were greater predictors of decreased female relationship satisfaction. We also found significant gender differences in partners' emotion dysregulation dimensions and relationship satisfaction. These results show the significance of addressing emotion dysregulation for both partners at intra‐ and inter‐personal levels simultaneously in couple therapy. Notably, the 275 couples in our sample did not report a clinically distressed relationship, though they attended at least one couple therapy session. Clinical implications and directions for future study are discussed.
Structural dynamics of the N‐terminal SH2 domain of PI3K in its free and CD28‐bound states
Authors: Hosoe Yuhi , Miyanoiri Yohei , Re Suyong , Ochi Saki , Asahina Yuya , Kawakami Toru , Kuroda Masataka , Mizuguchi Kenji , Oda Masayuki
Published: October 2022

Protein conformational changes with fluctuations are fundamental aspects of protein–protein interactions (PPIs); understanding these motions is required for the rational design of PPI‐regulating compounds. Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are commonly found in adapter proteins involved in signal transduction and specifically bind to consensus motifs of proteins containing phosphorylated tyrosine (pY). Here, we analysed the interaction between the N‐terminal SH2 domain (nSH2) of the regulatory subunit in phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and the cytoplasmic region of the T‐cell co‐receptor, CD28, using NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. First, we assigned the backbone signals of nSH2 on 1H‐15N heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectra in the absence or presence of the CD28 phosphopeptide, SDpYMNMTPRRPG. Chemical shift perturbation experiments revealed allosteric changes at the BC loop and the C‐terminal region of nSH2 upon CD28 binding. NMR relaxation experiments showed a conformational exchange associated with CD28 binding in these regions. The conformational stabilisation of the C‐terminal region correlated with the regulation of PI3K catalytic function. Further, using 19F‐ and 31P‐labelled CD28 phosphopeptide, we analysed the structural dynamics of CD28 and demonstrated that the aromatic ring of the pY residue fluctuated between multiple conformations upon nSH2 binding. Our MD simulations largely explained the NMR results and the structural dynamics of nSH2 and CD28 in both bound and unbound states. Notably, in addition to its major conformation, we detected a minor conformation of nSH2 in the CD28 bound state that may explain the allosteric conformational change in the BC loop.
The in‐service fatigue fracture mechanisms for the I‐stage low‐pressure compressor disk of the aircraft engine D30KU‐154
Authors: Shanyavskiy Andrey , Nikitin Ilia , Nikitin Alexander
Published: October 2022

This paper contains the in‐service fatigue fracture analysis for the first stage low‐pressure compressor disk of the aircraft engines D30KU‐154. Based on the results of the fractographic investigation on collapsed compressor disks the fatigue crack initiation and propagation principles were established. It is shown that the crack initiation in the rim part of the compressor disk is due to a high frequency loading that leads to very high cycle fatigue fracture. The total fatigue lifetime of the compressor disk is determined by simultaneous action of low amplitude loading due to blades vibration, and high amplitude loading due to flight cycle (centrifugal forces). Study of in‐service fracture of the compressor disk was based on the evaluation of numerical simulations of the stress state in the damaged zone under corresponding loading conditions. The estimation of fatigue lifetime and crack path predictions were performed based on the multiregime fatigue fracture model developed by the authors.
Body stores of emergent aquatic insects are associated with body size, sex, swarming behaviour and dispersal strategies
Authors: Gerber Rémi , Cabon Lilian , Piscart Christophe , Roussel Jean‐Marc , Bergerot Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Dispersal is a determining step in the life cycle of insects and a key factor of their energy budget. If the body stores of terrestrial insects are relatively well‐documented, those of merolimnic insects (i.e., with aquatic larvae and terrestrial winged adults) remain poorly investigated.

We assayed the body stores (protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents) of 18 families of merolimnic insects, encompassing a wide diversity of biological and ecological traits.

We highlighted allometry between body stores and mass. The proportion of triglyceride and free carbohydrate relatively decreases with an increase in absolute insect mass, whereas protein and glycogen contents are proportional.

We found a significant effect of insect order, Diptera having relatively more proteins than Trichoptera. For swarming taxa, males have relatively more triglycerides than their conspecific female. Passive dispersers are characterised by higher protein and glycogen contents

Each body store was associated with specific life‐history traits, emphasising the importance of considering each body store independently to better understand the associated functions.

Dispersal strategies seem to be the main structuring factor underlying body store patterns of merolimnic insects, being significantly associated with the variation in adjusted triglycerides (30%), proteins (21%), glycogen (29%) and free carbohydrates (17%). However, our study estimated the role of flight only indirectly through the biological traits of insects. Future works should focus on identifying which substrates are used for flight, by comparing the proportion of body stores before and after flight, as well as protein identification to distinguish proteins associated with flight or reproduction. These further studies will help researchers in understanding the link between body stores of emerging merolimnic insects and the various facets of their ecology.
Vegetation clumping modulates global photosynthesis through adjusting canopy light environment
Authors: Li Fa , Hao Dalei , Zhu Qing , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Braghiere Renato K. , He Liming , Luo Xiangzhong , Wei Shanshan , Riley William J. , Zeng Yelu , Chen Min
Published: October 2022

The spatial dispersion of photoelements within a vegetation canopy, quantified by the clumping index (CI), directly regulates the within‐canopy light environment and photosynthesis rate, but is not commonly implemented in terrestrial biosphere models to estimate the ecosystem carbon cycle. A few global CI products have been developed recently with remote sensing measurements, making it possible to examine the global impacts of CI. This study deployed CI in the radiative transfer scheme of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) and used the revised CLM5 to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which CI can affect canopy absorbed radiation and gross primary production (GPP), and for the first time, considering the uncertainty and seasonal variation of CI with multiple remote sensing products. Compared to the results without considering the CI impact, the revised CLM5 estimated that sunlit canopy absorbed up to 9%–15% and 23%–34% less direct and diffuse radiation, respectively, while shaded canopy absorbed 3%–18% more diffuse radiation across different biome types. The CI impacts on canopy light conditions included changes in canopy light absorption, and sunlit–shaded leaf area fraction related to nitrogen distribution and thus the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylase activity (Vcmax), which together decreased photosynthesis in sunlit canopy by 5.9–7.2 PgC year−1 while enhanced photosynthesis by 6.9–8.2 PgC year−1 in shaded canopy. With higher light use efficiency of shaded leaves, shaded canopy increased photosynthesis compensated and exceeded the lost photosynthesis in sunlit canopy, resulting in 1.0 ± 0.12 PgC year−1 net increase in GPP. The uncertainty of GPP due to the different input CI datasets was much larger than that caused by CI seasonal variations, and was up to 50% of the magnitude of GPP interannual variations in the tropical regions. This study highlights the necessity of considering the impacts of CI and its uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models.
An analytical investigation of hydroxylated cinnamoyl polyamines as biomarkers of commercial bee pollen botanical origin
Authors: Nasti Rita , Orlandini Serena , Furlanetto Sandra , Casale Monica , Daci Armond , Hajdari Avni , Meneghetti Fiorella , Villa Stefania , Mori Matteo , Beretta Giangiacomo
Published: October 2022

In this study, the phytochemical profile of commercial pollen samples was investigated using different analytical approaches. The samples pollen composition was monitored by optical microscopy. The infrared spectrum of the ethanol extractable material form different pollen samples indicated the specific presence of an aromatic portion in samples dominated by pollens from arboreal species of sweet chestnut pollen grains (e.g. Castanea sativa Mill. and Prunus). In addition, the UPLC‐PDA analysis showed the ubiquitarian presence of an array of different derivatives confirmed as hydroxylated cinnamoyl derivatives of spermidine (major) and of spermine (minor). This profile appeared to be associated with the sample botanical origin. Samples dominated by chestnut honey pollen grains showed the highest content in total amount of these derivatives, with a peculiar profile dominated by the presence of N1, N5, N10‐tricaffeoyl spermidine. The results showed that their average chemical composition is quantitatively and qualitatively correlated to their botanical origin, suggesting the feasibility of this approach as a practical tool to monitor plant population using honeybee pollen as a bioindicator of the impact of natural and anthropic processes at the local and global level.
Protective effect of hierarchical emulsions stabilised by oil/water droplets in lutein delivery
Authors: Zhu Lijie , Zhao Guoxiu , Jiang Tianshu , Liu Jun , Huo Dafei , Wang Shengnan , Yang Lina , Liu He , Liu Xiuying
Published: October 2022

In this study, lutein was encapsulated in a hierarchical emulsion (HE) stabilised by oil/water (O/W) droplets. The particle size and ζ‐potential of the HE did not considerably change after thermal treatment, and the retention rate of lutein (76.56%) was higher than that of bulk oil after 21 days of storage. The addition of lutein was found to inhibit lipid oxidation under both light and dark conditions. The results of in‐vitro digestion suggested that the free fatty acid release and bioaccessibility (32.51%) of the HE were higher than those of bulk oil. This study indicated that the HE prepared from soyasaponin‐stabilised O/W droplets as emulsifiers has application potential in the encapsulation of hydrophobic food functional factors; furthermore, this study provides delivery strategies for supplements and drugs.
Development and validation of novel multimorbidity indices for older adults
Authors: Steinman Michael A. , Jing Bocheng , Shah Sachin J. , Rizzo Anael , Lee Sei J. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Ritchie Christine S. , Boscardin W. John
Published: October 2022

Background

Measuring multimorbidity in claims data is used for risk adjustment and identifying populations at high risk for adverse events. Multimorbidity indices such as Charlson and Elixhauser scores have important limitations. We sought to create a better method of measuring multimorbidity using claims data by incorporating geriatric conditions, markers of disease severity, and disease‐disease interactions, and by tailoring measures to different outcomes.

Methods

Health conditions were assessed using Medicare inpatient and outpatient claims from subjects age 67 and older in the Health and Retirement Study. Separate indices were developed for ADL decline, IADL decline, hospitalization, and death, each over 2 years of follow‐up. We validated these indices using data from Medicare claims linked to the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Results

The development cohort included 5012 subjects with median age 76 years; 58% were female. Claims‐based markers of disease severity and disease‐disease interactions yielded minimal gains in predictive power and were not included in the final indices. In the validation cohort, after adjusting for age and sex, c‐statistics for the new multimorbidity indices were 0.72 for ADL decline, 0.69 for IADL decline, 0.72 for hospitalization, and 0.77 for death. These c‐statistics were 0.02–0.03 higher than c‐statistics from Charlson and Elixhauser indices for predicting ADL decline, IADL decline, and hospitalization, and <0.01 higher for death (p < 0.05 for each outcome except death), and were similar to those from the CMS‐HCC model. On decision curve analysis, the new indices provided minimal benefit compared with legacy approaches. C‐statistics for both new and legacy indices varied substantially across derivation and validation cohorts.

Conclusions

A new series of claims‐based multimorbidity measures were modestly better at predicting hospitalization and functional decline than several legacy indices, and no better at predicting death. There may be limited opportunity in claims data to measure multimorbidity better than older methods.
Context, humility, and caution in guardianship determination
Authors: Chodos Anna H. , Hooper Sarah
Published: October 2022

This Editorial comments on the article by Zietlow et al. in this issue.
In the Eyes of the Beholder? Understanding Policymakers' Perceptions of Corruption
Authors: Márquez Romo Cristian , Romero‐Vidal Xavier
Published: October 2022

Most research on corruption attitudes focuses exclusively on voters, despite the strategic role of political elites in anticorruption efforts. To fill this research gap, we study the drivers of perceptions of corruption among legislators, using comparative longitudinal survey data of over 3000 policymakers in 18 Latin American countries. We develop a novel theoretical framework based on the influence of motivated reasoning and the moderating effect of the economic context. Our results suggest that legislators supporting the government systematically perceive lower levels of corruption in contexts of economic growth. Conversely, opposition legislators consistently consider corruption an important issue, regardless of the macroeconomic situation. Since the perceptions of corruption for legislators supporting the government are dependent on the economic context, our results show that both government and opposition legislators are likely to perceive corruption as a relevant issue during economic downturns, suggesting that economic crises can open windows of opportunity for anticorruption reforms.
A topology description function‐enhanced neural network for topology optimization
Authors: Qian Wenliang , Xu Yang , Li Hui
Published: October 2022

Topology optimization aims to find an economic and efficient structure with a lighter overall weight. Topology description functions (TDFs), which are an explicit level‐set approach for topology optimization, can obtain the explicit structure geometry function of the topology. However, due to the original hard thresholding in the conventional TDF, the TDF is a derivative‐free method that requires significant computational resources, which creates barriers to its widespread adoption among structural engineers. To fix this problem, a novel TDF‐enhanced neural network (TDF‐NN) is proposed, which introduces the sigmoid activation function as soft thresholding to allow the adoption of gradient‐based optimization approaches. Meanwhile, TDF‐NN uses a single‐layer neural network to model the TDF, and the weights of the TDF are converted to the weights of the TDF‐NN, which can be obtained directly by optimization instead of solving the linear equations. The performance of the proposed method is validated through the compliance minimization problems and the heat conduction problem, and it definitely can also be used for other topology optimization problems. The computational cost of the proposed method, the effect of the number of knots on TDF‐NN, diverse designs, and application to real‐life structures are also discussed. These results indicate that the proposed method is a universal topology optimization method. Numerical examples show that the proposed method has higher computational efficiency than the solid isotropic material with penalization method. It has a speedup factor of approximately two to 10 times. Moreover, multiple competitive solutions can be generated by changing the number of knots, which will allow architects to select a suitable structure for the design task.
Relationship of woody species composition with edaphic characteristics in threatened riparian Atlantic Forest remnants in the upper Rio Doce basin, Brazil
Authors: Carlos Gomes Figueiredo João , Antonielle de Ávila Marly , Silveira Souza Camila , Gustavo Santana Neves José , Tolentino Gláucia Soares , Oki Yumi , Francielly Pinheiro de Azevedo Islaine , Negreiros Daniel , Herbert Moreira Viana João , Manoel dos Santos Rubens , Santos Fonseca Rúbia , Wilson Fernandes Geraldo , Roberta Ferreira Nunes Yule
Published: October 2022

Studies on the composition, richness and diversity of plant species in tropical communities are essential for understanding relevant ecological processes and for developing appropriate conservation policies. Considering that areas subject to direct impacts due to dam breach may in the long‐term present changes in species composition and in soil parameters, we evaluated the composition of the flora, described the current vegetation profile, and evaluated whether differences in species composition was influenced by soil variables of three areas along the Gualaxo River, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In addition, we identified important plant species through occurrence and phytosociological parameters for ecological restoration projects in the affected region, serving as reference areas. We sampled plant species with DBH ≥ 5 cm (diameter at breast height – measured 1.30 m above ground level) in 77 plots distributed in three riparian forest areas. We calculated phytosociological parameters and related them to edaphic factors. A total of 1579 individual plants belonging to 53 botanical families and 227 species were sampled in the three areas. The Fabaceae family was the most representative with 46 species. Species composition and diversity among the sampled areas was similar and was associated with edaphic factors. Furthermore, some species (e.g. Xylopia sericea, Cupania emarginata and Ocotea pulchalla) showed an important relation with soil variables. Some species of the genera (e.g. Byrsonima, Xylopia, Ocotea and Croton) and families (e.g. Fabaceae and Myrtaceae) found here, can be important species in the restauration process for the local and regional maintenance of floristic identity in the Rio Doce river.