bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Chaotic Characteristics and Noise Reduction Prediction of Information System Anomalies in Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Niu Peng , Sun Yanming , Gong Zhuping
Published: April 2021

As the process of informatization progresses in an equipment manufacturing enterprise, its information system becomes a dissipative structure due to the nonlinear interaction of many factors. The objectives of this study were to help enterprises adopt intelligent manufacturing, realize sustainable development strategies, and understand the operation rules of information systems. For this purpose, this study analyzed an anomaly index time series of an information system in the process of integration. First, the embedding dimension, time delay, average period, and maximum Lyapunov exponent of the time series were calculated. The anomaly index with chaotic characteristics was denoised by combining phase space reconstruction with singular value decomposition (SVD). Finally, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network and local nonlinear method were used to predict the anomaly index of 79 test data points. The case simulation results verify that the anomaly index is affected by changes in basic data, system development, and online migration. One instance of local noise reduction can reveal hidden problems in the actual operations of enterprises, and multiple iterations can extract the actual information of the signals, avoid failures at isolated points, and show a clear attractor structure. Both the RBF neural network and local nonlinear approach are effective prediction methods with low relative errors, but the performance of the latter is superior.
Self-Build and Custom Housebuilding Registers in England: A Transaction-Cost and Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Sadler Grace , Shahab Sina
Published: April 2021

The development of the self and custom housebuilding sector can work towards increasing the supply of housing and alleviate some of the strain on the housing market in England. Although it is not a solution for everyone, improving self and custom housebuilding can add diversity to the market, increase housing affordability, and produce sustainable homes. This has been recognised by the UK Government, which has introduced legislation which aims to assist self and custom builders on the journey to building their own home. The goals of the legislation are to ensure every local authority in England keeps a register of individuals who want to build their own home, to consider this register when carrying out other planning functions, and to grant sufficient planning permissions for those on the register. This paper evaluates the ‘self-build and custom housebuilding registers’ from the perspective of transaction costs and perceived effectiveness. This is achieved through semi-structured interviews with local authority planners, private-sector planners, property developers, and national bodies. The findings of this study identify that the primary transaction costs occur in the eligibility tests stage of the register application and relate to the uncertainty felt by applicants post application. The paper concludes that these could be rectified by implementing a more consistent and fair system. The perceived effectiveness of the register varies considerably. The paper determines that the policy requires significant change in order to meet the goals it set out to achieve, which includes model Supplementary Planning Guidance documents and a robust support system for applicants.
Achieving Socioeconomic Development Fuelled by Globalization: An Analysis of 146 Countries
Authors: Roy Ajishnu , Basu Aman , Dong Xuhui
Published: April 2021

Globalization is embedded in socioeconomic development at the glocal scale (local to global). Drawing up from Kate Raworth’s Doughnut economics framework coupled with UN Sustainable development goals, we interrogate the relationship of globalization for socio-economic development (2000–2017). Here we have applied the Spearman correlation and data envelopment analysis to assess the efficiency of nations in ‘converting’ their level of globalization towards achieving socio-economic development along with trends of reaching the just operating space for 146 countries. Then, we calculate improvement targets and identify trends among income categories (World Bank). We have also analyzed the Malmquist productivity index for 34 large economies to understand spatiotemporal trends of change in efficiency and their contributing components (2001–2015). We have found that productivity change was mostly influenced by technical progress. A large group of countries are moving towards crossing desired thresholds; however, some are harnessing globalization efficiently to get assistance. It is possible to maintain dual achievement. However, some of the countries are lagging in one or both aspects. Most countries could attain just operating space even with their existing level of globalization. Our findings reveal the importance of the dual achievement: using contemporary features (such as globalization) for the benefit of socioeconomic development.
A Review of Challenges and Opportunities for End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies: A SWOT Analysis
Authors: Numfor Solange Ayuni , Omosa Geoffrey Barongo , Zhang Zhengyang , Matsubae Kazuyo
Published: April 2021

The importance of recycling end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has been widely acknowledged as a means of reducing ELV waste to the environment. This reduced environmental waste contributes to achieving a number of UN SDGs, including the creation of sustainable cities. The recovery of secondary resources, such as metals, from the recycling of ELVs also reduces over-dependence on primary resources. This promotes efficient resource utilization and resource conservation. While recycling systems have been established and laws governing ELV recycling have been implemented in some developed countries, there are no such systems in much of the world, and regulations are few if any. To determine the challenges and opportunities for ELV recycling in developing countries, the literature on ELV recycling processes and activities was reviewed, and a SWOT analysis was done based on the data compiled from the literature, to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. From the SWOT analysis, the common features identified as opportunities were large market size, low labor cost, and the presence of recyclers of ELV parts. The common strengths were identified to be the vehicle registration system, vehicle manufacturing, ELV legislation, ELV recycling, and the waste management system. In the case of weaknesses, the identified features were the technological capacity, waste regulatory framework, vehicle deregistration, ELV regulatory framework, environmental impact and pollution, and the lack of access to information regarding ELVs, and ELV recycling infrastructure. The common threats were perceived as the little attention given to ELV recycling by the governing authorities, the difficulty of doing business, and political and social instability. The results of the SWOT analysis also showed that the opportunities were considerable and the threats were significant for all of the countries in this study. The weaknesses were significant in Nigeria and the other developing countries, and the strengths of the emerging economies tended to be greater. While weaknesses and threats were clearly identified by the SWOT analysis, the SWOT analysis also revealed the strengths and opportunities for recycling ELVs in developing and emerging countries.
ITN—VIROINF: Understanding (Harmful) Virus-Host Interactions by Linking Virology and Bioinformatics
Authors: Goettsch Winfried , Beerenwinkel Niko , Deng Li , Dölken Lars , Dutilh Bas E. , Erhard Florian , Kaderali Lars , von Kleist Max , Marquet Roland , Matthijnssens Jelle , McCallin Shawna , McMahon Dino , Rattei Thomas , Van Rij Ronald P. , Robertson David L. , Schwemmle Martin , Stern-Ginossar Noam , Marz Manja
Published: April 2021

Many recent studies highlight the fundamental importance of viruses. Besides their important role as human and animal pathogens, their beneficial, commensal or harmful functions are poorly understood. By developing and applying tailored bioinformatical tools in important virological models, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Initiative International Training Network VIROINF will provide a better understanding of viruses and the interaction with their hosts. This will open the door to validate methods of improving viral growth, morphogenesis and development, as well as to control strategies against unwanted microorganisms. The key feature of VIROINF is its interdisciplinary nature, which brings together virologists and bioinformaticians to achieve common goals.
Conformational and Immunogenicity Studies of the Shigella flexneri Serogroup 6 O-Antigen: The Effect of O-Acetylation
Authors: Richardson Nicole Inge , Ravenscroft Neil , Arato Vanessa , Oldrini Davide , Micoli Francesca , Kuttel Michelle M.
Published: April 2021

The pathogenic bacterium Shigella is a leading cause of diarrheal disease and mortality, disproportionately affecting young children in low-income countries. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Shigella necessitates an effective vaccine, for which the bacterial lipopolysaccharide O-antigen is the primary target. S. flexneri serotype 6 has been proposed as a multivalent vaccine component to ensure broad protection against Shigella. We have previously explored the conformations of S. flexneri O-antigens from serogroups Y, 2, 3, and 5 that share a common saccharide backbone (serotype Y). Here we consider serogroup 6, which is of particular interest because of an altered backbone repeat unit with non-stoichiometric O-acetylation, the antigenic and immunogenic importance of which have yet to be established. Our simulations show significant conformational changes in serogroup 6 relative to the serotype Y backbone. We further find that O-acetylation has little effect on conformation and hence may not be essential for the antigenicity of serotype 6. This is corroborated by an in vivo study in mice, using Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as O-antigen delivery systems, that shows that O-acetylation does not have an impact on the immune response elicited by the S. flexneri serotype 6 O-antigen.
Small Quantities Trap
Authors:   Institute for Economic Strategies, International Research Institute for Advanced Systems, Ageev Aleksandr I.
Published: April 2021

Opening address of the Editor-in-chief
Spatial Development: China’s Experience
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yasinsky Vladimir A. , Kozhevnikov Mikhail Yu. ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Increased interest in China is due not only to its successes in combating the pandemic — the PRC is the only major country in the world that has managed to maintain a positive economic growth dynamics. Moreover, more than 40 years of successful reforms certainly make the Chinese experience deserving special attention and study. The present article analyzes the spatial development of China over the past decades, which in addition to a component purely economically measured by percentage of GDP growth of the country and individual regions, has got important social, demographic, cultural, historical and ethnic components
Economic Growth and Inequality: Revision of the Economic Policy
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukharev Oleg S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2021

The study is devoted to the issue of changes in Russian economic policy in the context of a “covid” crisis and after it, based on the previous dynamics. The main task is to launch economic growth in Russia while solving acute social problems that were present before the “covid” crisis in the form of non-growing real disposable incomes, high poverty levels, and compressed consumption. The crisis has significantly exacerbated these problems, having worked to increase unemployment, created a special social regime for teleworking, and created imbalances in the distribution of demand and income. Poverty and inequality levels have increased, real disposable income and gross domestic product have decreased, which makes it urgent to determine the relationship between economic growth and inequality in the pre-crisis period in order to identify economic policy instruments that can stimulate growth while reducing the level of inequality and poverty in the country. The research methodology is a regression analysis based on the Gretl 2020b software module, the use of which makes it possible to select the best models of the relationship between the GDP value and inequality and poverty, as well as to reveal the influence of a set of parameters of the conducted macroeconomic policy on the income growth rate of 20% of the poorest and richest stratum of the country’s citizens. As these parameters, the key interest rate, the oil price, the level of monetization of the economy, the amount of inflation and the amount of budget expenditures are taken. Thus, it is possible to get a picture of the influence of the same economic policy instruments, when they change, on the dynamics of income of different strata of the population. This result makes it possible to identify for the future the possibilities of economic policy, together with the social measures taken to support the population in a crisis situation, the greatest opportunities for ensuring economic growth simultaneously with solving the problem of an outstripping income growth rate of the poorest strata of the population. The prospect of the undertaken research is the study of the influence of various institutional, including tax, changes on the dynamics of income of various groups of the population of the country.
Testing of different methods for identification of bacterial leaf spot (Siringae pv. maculicola (Mcculloch) Young et al.) plant pathogen in cauliflower leaves
Authors:   All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR), Prikhodko S.I. , Yaremko A.B. ,   All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR), Kornev K.P. ,   All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR)
Published: April 2021

Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young et al. is a pathogen of cauliflower bacterial spot that affects many plants of the Cruciferae family. The need for quality diagnostics of this species arose due to the mandatory phytosanitary inspection of places of production of plant products intended for export. Our research aims at determining a set of methods for the diagnosis of the pathogen of cauliflower bacterial leaf spot and evaluating these methods’ applicability in laboratory practice. The object of the research is P. syringae pv. maculicola – the causative agent of cauliflower bacterial leaf spot.The article presents the test results of two methods for the identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young et al. carried out in 2020 at the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR). The first method is based on the determination of biochemical properties using the API 20E test kit produced by bioMérieux’s (France); the second one – is a conventional PCR. The type bacterial strain CFBP 1657 obtained by specialists of the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR) from French collection of plant-associated bacteria (Cirm-CFBP) was used in the studies. A comparison of the biochemical properties of 23 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas showed that there are only two characteristics within this test that distinguish P. s. pv. maculicola from other species pathovars: acetoin products and gelatin hydrolysis. Two pairs of primers with different targets in the P. syringae genome were also tested. PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers demonstrated the highest similarity of the obtained fragments with the NCBI database (97.2 %). The analytical sensitivity of PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers in plant and seed extracts was 105 CFU/ml. Determination of analytical specificity with 33 bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas revealed cross-reactions with strains of the following species: P. congelans, P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola, P. savastanoi pv. glycinea, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens, P. syringae pv. syringae. Thus, to differentiate the species by means of PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers, the nucleotide sequence of the obtained amplification products should be additionally determined by Sanger sequencing.
Guizotia abyssinica seed yield and oil quality under conditions of the central steppe of the Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Turina E.L. , Efimenko S.G. ,   Federal Scientific Center "All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by V. S. Pustovoit" (VNIIMK), Prakhova T.Ya. ,   Federal Research Center of Fibre Crops, Pashtetsky V.S. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Radchenko L.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: April 2021

Guizotia abyssinica or niger is an oilseed crop that belongs to the family of Asteraceae, which is cultivated in Ethiopia and India. This crop is environmentally modifiable and does not greatly depend on soil and climatic conditions. The aforementioned peculiarities, as well as the achievements of Russian breeders, inspired scientists to study Guizotia abyssinica in various regions of the country. The aim of the research was to assess the possibility of cultivating Guizotia abyssinica for seeds in the central steppe of the Crimea. Field trials were conducted in 2019–2020 on the experimental fields of the Department of Introductions and Technologies in Agriculture and Livestock Farming of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Klepinino, Krasnogvardeysky district). Guizotia abyssinica variety ‘Medeya’ (originator – FSBSI “Federal Research Center of Fibre Crops”) served as plant material for this research. The experimental design included the following options: planting dates (factor A) - second decade of March, third decade of March, first decade of April; seeding rates (factor B) – 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 million seeds per hectare. In the course of the research, we found that the niger crop growing season length varies from 135 to 161 days under conditions of the central steppe of the Crimea. Nevertheless, this figure can be considered arbitrary since frequent summer showers in the Crimea lead to the appearance of new inflorescences and lengthen the growing season. It should be noted that one of the disadvantages of this crop is shattering. The highest seed yield (4.0 centners per hectare) was obtained in 2019, which was more favorable in moisture supply (sowing date – mid March/late March; seed rate – 2.0–2.5 million seeds/ha). In 2020, Guizotia abyssinica seed yield was even lower and varied from 0.5 to 0.8 cwt/ha depending on the variant of the experiment. The niger seeds oil content, depending on the sowing date, was 34.8–36.2 % in 2019 and 35.9–38.0 % in 2020. It has been established that sowing at a later date causes a decrease in oil content. We identified 11 fatty acids in the niger oil with linoleic (С 18:2) – 61.0–70.3 %; oleic (С18:1) – 13.8–19.9 %; palmitic (С16:0) – 7.3–8.8 %; stearic (С18:0) – 6,3–8,2 % acids being the dominant ones. Thus, for two years of research in the Central Steppe of the Crimea, Guizotia abyssinica has established itself as an unproductive crop that forms valuable oilseeds with an oil content of up to 38.0 %.
Aquafeed extrusion (review)
Authors:   SSE Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, Braginets S.V. , Bakhchevnikov O.N. ,   SSE Agricultural research center "Donskoy", Khlystunov V.F. ,   SSE Agricultural research center "Donskoy"
Published: April 2021

Extrusion is one of the most important technological operations in aquafeed production. Indeed, the digestibility of feed nutrients considerably increases as a result of extrusion. The review deals with the issues of vegetable and animal raw materials processing for aquafeed production through extrusion. The analysis of scientific publications discussing the monitoring subject showed that extrusion of multicomponent mixtures (compound feed) had been studied insufficiently. Research objectives were to generalize and analyze English-language scientific publications containing information on the technologies of compound fish feed extrusion, to clarify the information on the rational parameters of their implementation and the effects on the properties of finished extruded feed. Search, selection, as well as systematic review of highly cited English-language scientific articles on the research subject for the period 2000–2020, were carried out. In the course of the analysis of literary sources, it was detected that the properties of the finished extruded feed were mostly affected by the extrusion temperature, raw material moisture and screw speed. The regularities of changes in the properties of ready-extruded feed granules, as a result of changes in extrusion parameters, have been determined. The results of the analyzed scientific articles made it possible to establish the peculiarities of the extrusion of compound feed for aquaculture based on plant raw materials, in particular starch. We defined the regularities of compound fish feed extrusion containing raw materials with a considerable amount of protein of animal origin, in particular its new type: insects’ biomass. This new type of protein-containing raw materials of animal origin can successfully replace expensive fish meal in the fish feed composition. The essential factor, limiting the application of animal raw materials in fish feed, in particular insects, is its moisture, which should not exceed 30% so that the extrusion process was fully effective. Reducing the feed mixture moisture is possible when combining various types of animal and plant raw materials with high and low moisture. This will ensure the acceptable moisture of the mixture and get the high-quality extruded feed. Aquafeed extrusion is a promising trend. However, it requires additional research to determine the parameters of the extrusion process common to all types of both plant and animal raw materials and their mixtures.
COVID-19 and Small-Scale Fisheries in Southeast Asia: Impacts and Responses
Authors: FERRER ALICE JOAN G. , POMEROY ROBERT , AKESTER MICHAEL J. , MUAWANAH UMI , CHUMCHUEN WATCHARAPONG , LEE WEN CHIAT , HAI PHUNG GIANG , VISWANATHAN K. KUPERAN
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the impacts of and responses to COVID-19 of small-scale fisheries in six selected countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The paper used a structured case study approach to analyse the impacts and responses and relied heavily on existing reports and data sources in each country. The pandemic has further revealed the vulnerability of small-scale fishing households in the region. Given the few assets of fisher households, their ability to cushion the negative impact of crises and shocks is limited. Fishers made adaptive responses such as direct fish marketing, online marketing, and home delivery services. While short-term responses of providing food and financial assistance have been helpful, long-term support to address pandemics such as COVID-19 and other stressors will require developing more resilient fishing households. The paper recommends several approaches and interventions to improve household resilience and to be better prepared for similar challenges and threats in the future. These include: i) strengthening the fishing households’ social network of friends, relatives, and neighbours to serve as both a social safety net and a bridge towards the transition to financial inclusion; ii) diversifying livelihood to reduce dependency on the fishery and provide for additional sources of income and food; iii) promoting financial inclusion through savings, credit, digital payment products, and insurance; iv) value chain upgrading through post-harvest fish handling and processing methods; and, v) providing access, especially for women, to social protection measures such as government health insurance and social security.
Ly6chi Infiltrating Macrophages Promote Cyst Progression in Injured Conditional Ift88 Mice
Authors: Aloria Ernald Jules G. , Song Cheng J. , Li Zhang , Croyle Mandy J. , Mrug Michal , Zimmerman Kurt A. , Yoder Bradley K.
Published: April 2021

Key Points

Ly6chi infiltrating macrophage numbers are increased in injured, conditional Ift88 mice, compared with controls.

Loss of Ly6chi infiltrating macrophages slows injury-accelerated cystic disease.

Ly6chi infiltrating macrophages drive cystic disease in non-Pkd1–deficient cystic models.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Does Not Significantly Alter Major COVID-19 Outcomes among Veterans
Authors: Cui Xiangqin , Gallini Julia W. , Jasien Christine L. , Mrug Michal
Published: April 2021

Key Points

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was not a significant, independent risk factor for the four major outcomes studied among veterans with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

ADPKD did not significantly increase the risk for newly starting dialysis (after controlling for CKD) among veterans positive for COVID-19.

The established risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness had significant effects in this cohort (e.g., type 2 diabetes and Black race).
Extension-Led Demonstration: Grameen Microfinance Methods and Capital Access for Low-Income Female Entrepreneurs
Authors: Edelman Mark
Published: April 2021

A nonprofit community development financial institution and Extension collaborated to conduct a demonstration project to evaluate efficacy of Grameen peer-group microfinance methodology in addressing barriers faced by low-income women entrepreneurs in a small metro area. Program performance metrics achieved by 284 culturally diverse, low-income entrepreneurs (almost all women) over 5 years included a program loan repayment rate of 99%, increased average client income, bank savings accumulation, and increased opportunities for improved credit scores. Client survey responses indicated program methods developed confidence and skills in finances, leadership, and teamwork. Extension professionals may play various roles in such endeavors.
Influence of profile deck sheet in composite slab system
Authors: R Jagadeesan , V Preetha , P.S Vignesh , V Senthilkumar
Published: April 2021

Composite structures play a vital role in construction sector due to rapid completion of the projects. In composite structures, Plates are mostly used as a structural element for effective replacement of steel reinforcement. Normally the composite floor deck system involves a profile deck sheet as a bottom layer of slab system to take care of the tensile strength of the element. Concrete is poured over a deck sheet and with minimum reinforcement to take care of shrinkage stresses. Profile deck sheet plays a dual role as tensile reinforcement when concrete hardens and act as a temporary shuttering during fresh concreting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the vibration characteristics of profile deck sheet for various shapes of profile as composite slab system. Modal analysis is a technique in which vibration studies can be determined for various profile shapes by involving parameters such as mode shape, natural frequency, plate stresses and deformation by using finite element analysis.
اثر الظروف الاستثنائية على الحريات الشخصية
Authors: طالب مصدق عادل , جاسم الفارعة عبدالله
Published: April 2021

قد تطرأ على الدولة ظروف استثنائية تهدد سلامتها، كالحروب والكوارث الطبيعية، وتجعلها عاجزة عن توفير حماية للنظام العام باستخدام القواعد والإجراءات العادية. وفي هذه الحالة لابد ان تتسع سلطات هيئات الضبط لمواجهة هذه الظروف، وذلك من خلال تمكينها من اتخاذ إجراءات سريعة وحازمة لمواجهتها.

ولما كانت الظروف الاستثنائية من شأنها المساس المباشر بحقوق وحريات الأفراد الشخصية التي يكفلها الدستور، فلابد أن يتدخل المشرع لتحديد القيود الواردة عليها. مع الاشارة على الضمانات لهذه الحريات من اجل أن لا تتعسف السلطة في اصدار قراراتها واوامرها بهذا الشأن.
السلطة التقديرية للقاضي في منح الأجل القضائي في دعوى التنفيذ
Authors: الخالدي حميد سلطان , حمود لؤي سطام
Published: April 2021

تتمثل السلطة التقديرية للقاضي في منح الأجل القضائي في دعوى التنفيذ بامكانية تعديل أجل الالتزام العقدي، ذلك الأجل الذي اتفق الطرفان على تنفيذ الالتزام العقدي عند حلوله، إذ من المعلوم انهُ عند حلول أجل تنفيذ الالتزام يكون لزاماً على المدين ان يقوم بالوفاء الا ان هذا التنفيذ قد يكون مرهقاً لهُ، أو يسبب له ضرراً يجاوز ما يصيب الدائن من ضرر في ارجاء التنفيذ.

   ويتمتع القاضي بسلطة تقديرية واسعة أثناء نظره في دعوى التنفيذ المعروضة امامه، في منح المدين المخل بالتزامه أجلاً قضائياً من أجل تنفيذ الالتزام، أو عدم منحه،  حيث ان القاضي قد يرى ان عدم تنفيذ المدين لالتزامه، أو تأخره في ذلك يكون راجعاً لاسباب خارجة عن ارادته، وان هذه الاسباب قد تزول بعد وقت قصير، أو ان هذا التأخير كان لوقت قصير ولم يترتب عليه ضرر جسيم بالدائن وبالتالي فان القاضي يجد نفسه مدفوعاً لكي يعطي المدين أجلاً قضائياً ينفذ فيه التزامه، وذلك بباعث العدالة والرغبة في الحفاظ على الروابط التعاقدية قدر الامكان.
أصول الصياغة التشريعية للقاعدة الاجرائية الجزائية
Authors: حسين كاظم عبد الله , اسماعيل شاكر نوري
Published: April 2021

يتكون البنيان القانوني للقواعد الاجرائية الجزائية من عنصرين الأول:هو المضمون أو الجوهر ويعد بمثابة المادة الأولية لتلك القواعد ويتمثل بالقيم التي يهدف المشرع حمايتها تحقيقا للمصلحة المرجوة منها ولا يمكن ذلك إلا من خلال وضع ذلك المضمون أو الجوهر  بقوالب يمكن التعامل معها لتكون قابلة للتطبيق العملي وذلك بواسطة الصياغة التشريعية للقواعد القانونية وهذا العنصر الثاني الذي يكتمل به البناء القانوني للقواعد القانونية وتظهر به صورتها النهائية  وتصبح القاعدة الاجرائية الجزائية قابلة للتطبيق العملي إذ أن الصياغة التشريعية تنقل جوهر القاعدة القانونية من حالتها النظرية الساكنة الى الحالة العملية ، ولغرض تحقيق الغاية التي وجدت القاعدة القانونية من أجلها لابد من إتباع أصول الصياغة التشريعية للقواعد القانونية وحسب السياسة الجنائية الاجرائية التي يتبعا المشرع ، إذ ان الصياغة التشريعية تختلف باختلاف السلطة أو الحق الذي يمنحه المشرع للمكلفين بالقاعدة الاجرائية الجزائية ، فتنقسم الصياغة التشريعية من حيث الأسلوب الى  الصياغة الجامدة والصياغة  المرنة ، وقد تكون الوسيلة المستخدمة في الصياغة مادية أو معنوية . لذا بينا في هذا البحث  أصول الصياغة التشريعية  في القواعد  الاجرائية في قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية العراقي مع بيان بعض أوجة القصور في صياغة قواعده وتبين بأن المشرع العراقي قد أخذ بشتى اساليب الصياغة التشريعية فيها وبينا ما اتضح لنا من أوجه القصور فيها.
Régimen alimentario en la era posneoliberal: Argentina y la expansión de la soja transgénica
Authors:   Universidad de Texas, Austin, Torrado Marla
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo emplea la literatura de régimen alimentario para analizar las relaciones políticas y económicas que promocionan la expansión de la soja en Argentina tras el giro posneoliberal del país, luego de la crisis económica de 2001. La continuación de la expansión agraria, que pasa del modelo neoliberal al posneoliberal, resalta la función del Estado para apoyar el régimen alimentario neoliberal. Las neorregulaciones de la agenda posneoliberal continúan favoreciendo el incremento en la producción de alimentos transgénicos por encima de los impactos ecológicos y la salud de comunidades aledañas a plantaciones. Además, la aparición de nuevos actores corporativos y transnacionales ha creado un tipo de gobernanza agrario-corporativa basado en la biotecnología. Se analizan los regímenes alimentarios para describir la expansión de la soja transgénica en Argentina; adicionalmente se estudian documentos de planificación que muestran la posición del Estado, el cual reproduce discursos y políticas neoliberales que favorecen la expansión agraria. En la conclusión se discute la utilidad de estudios de regímenes alimentarios con el propósito de explicar nuevas formas de gobernanza agrarias en Argentina.
Capitalismo global y Estado nacional en las luchas de los cultivos transgénicos en Brasil
Authors:   Universidad Libre de Berlín, Motta Renata
Published: April 2021

La introducción de la biotecnología es parte de un proceso global de cambio estructural en la agricultura caracterizado por una cada vez mayor integración de la agricultura mundial con alto control corporativo. Sin embargo, ya que la competencia legal para permitir el cultivo y el comercio de cultivos genéticamente modificados (GM) comúnmente se encuentra a nivel del Estado nacional, éste continúa siendo estratégico en la política de transgénicos tanto para actores promotores de la tecnología como para movimientos sociales que pelean contra ella. El presente artículo ilustra este argumento con un análisis de las luchas acerca de los cultivos transgénicos en Brasil. Se demuestra cómo la implementación de un régimen alimentario basado en biotecnología, control corporativo y globalismo neoliberal dependió del Estado y fue un proceso disputado.
Entre el extractivismo y el Vivir Bien: experiencias y desafíos desde Bolivia
Authors:   Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Wanderley Fernanda
Published: April 2021

Bolivia, Ecuador y Venezuela han destacado en el mundo al proponer un nuevo paradigma de desarrollo que pretende recuperar y fortalecer la gobernanza comunitaria y los principios pluralistas de organización política: Vivir Bien, Buen Vivir y socialismo del siglo XXI. Varias interrogantes surgen de la experiencia de los gobiernos progresistas en América Latina a comienzos de los 2000. Los gobiernos que lograron canalizar una potente energía política de la sociedad, favorable a modelos alternativos de desarrollo, se apartaron en la práctica de ese compromiso: adoptaron cambios discursivos y dieron continuidad a la política económica, lo que provocó tensiones sociales y contradicciones políticas. El objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir la experiencia boliviana después de diez años de gobierno del Movimiento al Socialismo (mas). Al respecto, se analizan las movilizaciones sociales que posibilitaron que Evo Morales asumiera la presidencia en 2006. Asimismo, se discuten los resultados del modelo de desarrollo, los cambios políticos y la fragmentación de los movimientos sociales. La comparación de la experiencia boliviana con otros gobiernos progresistas permite delinear las principales contradicciones y proyectar los desafíos de nuevos proyectos políticos progresistas en la región.
Urdimbres de la crisis del capitalismo: proceso histórico y colapso civilizatorio
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: April 2021

El sistema capitalista mundial está compenetrado por diversas expresiones de la crisis. A escala superficial y coyuntural, el capitalismo global experimentó en años recientes el estallido del capital ficticio y el derrumbe de la arquitectura financiera que armonizaba la economía mundial. Fue necesario el rescate del Estado para solventar la bancarrota de las grandes corporaciones a costa de los contribuyentes y la mayor explotación de los trabajadores. En un estadio intermedio se resquebraja el modelo neoliberal y la forma de sobreproducción operada por las corporaciones multinacionales mediante la dislocación de la producción y el consumo en el mundo, la superexplotación de los trabajadores y la depredación ambiental a fin de concentrar capitales y apropiarse de los excedentes. Frente a la gran depresión se implementan severos programas de ajuste que depuran empresas, consolidan monopolios e imponen penurias a la población. En un nivel profundo, la crisis trastoca los cimientos culturales y políticos del entramado civilizatorio y cuestiona los fundamentos de la economía política, las fuentes de riqueza, es decir, la humanidad y la naturaleza; con ello el devenir de la humanidad y el entorno planetario se encuentran en predicamento.
Economía social en América Latina: ¿alter o posdesarrollo?
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Veltmeyer Henry
Published: April 2021

En América Latina la construcción de la economía social y solidaria corresponde a dos visiones teóricas y diversas prácticas. La primera vertiente es funcional al desarrollo capitalista, bajo las directrices internacionales de organismos financieros y agencias de cooperación que pretenden conciliar el desarrollo urbano y rural con las políticas de ajustes y las estrategias de desarrollo local comunitario basado en el «empoderamiento de los pobres» para conferirle cierta viabilidad al desarrollo capitalista. La segunda vertiente responde a las estrategias anticapitalistas de los movimientos sociales de base que confrontan, en palabras del zapatismo, a la Hidra capitalista y buscan alternativas a fin de generar oportunidades y mejorar la calidad de vida de las clases populares. Ante la pregunta de si la economía social y solidaria es una estratagema neoliberal que defiende al sistema de las fuerzas de resistencia y subversión del movimiento anticapitalista, se analizan la agenda neoliberal, la experiencia del cooperativismo y la autogestión de los trabajadores en la construcción de la economía social; y en particular se examina el caso de Venezuela.
Subsunción del conocimiento científico al capital. Reflexión desde el desarrollo de las nanotecnologías
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica Fidel Velázquez, Castañeda Olvera Domingo Rafael , Záyago Lau Edgar ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: April 2021

La dinámica histórica de acumulación que ha logrado integrar a las economías mundiales ha viabilizado la subsunción de la ciencia y la tecnología al capital; las nanotecnologías no escapan a esta realidad. El conocimiento se ha convertido en un espacio de interés para la revalorización, y sus secuelas pueden implicar un incremento de las desigualdades sociales en el orbe. En este trabajo se analizan las implicaciones de tal subsunción y cómo se manifiesta en las nanotecnologías. El objetivo es promover la reflexión, desde una visión crítica, sobre el desarrollo de dicho paquete tecnológico revolucionario.
Capitalismo extractivo, imperialismo extractivo e imperialismo: una aclaración
Authors:   Universidad Estatal del Este de Connecticut, Canterbury Dennis C.
Published: April 2021

In this article the «extractive capitalism», the «extractive imperialism» and the «imperialism» are analyzed in order to clear out the confusion on the debate about neoextractivism caused by the interchangeable usage of these concepts. Urgent attention is required to reinforce the comprehension about the underlying class struggle in the extractive industries. The strating point is the counterpoint developed by Petras and Veltmeyer about the theorical and political issues of the state role in their review concerning the theory of neoextractivism. In order to understand their arguments is necessary to involve the three concepts. Their analysis about the relation between capitalism and imperialism is crucial to understand the extractive capitalism and the extractive imperialism. The argument is that the extractivism is the incarnation of a particular form of productive activity in the capitalist era that deepens the capitalism in the capitalist periphery. The extraction of natural resources is not a purely capitalist process or imperialist; the human beings have extracted their livelihood from the nature since the primitive communalism until the current capitalism. It is not the specific productive activity of extracting natural resources, that is capitalist or imperialist, since the capitalism, and by extension, the imperialism is associated with a variety of productive activities. The productive activity must have a place inside a capital-work salaried nexus in order to belong to a capitalist kind. Some of the first expositions about the definitions of this concepts are reviewed to help the activists to have a clear comprehension about the debate of the neoextractivism.
Interpretación al siglo XXI desde el pensamiento crítico. Una lectura contemporánea del capitalismo desde El capital y otros textos
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: April 2021

En el capitalismo contemporáneo resurge la crítica de la economía política como un análisis global de la sociedad mercantil, el dinero y el capital, la acumulación y la crisis. El capital se ubica en la trama de las relaciones sociales, en el proceso de valorización. El plusvalor es una sustancia generada por el trabajo productivo en la esfera de la producción que será apropiada no por su creador, el poseedor de la fuerza de trabajo, sino por el capitalista, el poseedor del dinero invertido. El punto focal es el trabajo como actividad humana creadora de riqueza, expresada como un «enorme cúmulo de mercancías» y como forma dineraria expansiva. La gran contradicción subyacente es la apropiación del trabajo ajeno. A la postre, el trabajo humano es una mediación entre el ser humano y la naturaleza para producir los satisfactores que harán posible la reproducción social; sin embargo, bajo este metabolismo social, el despliegue tecnológico y la división del trabajo tienden a socavar las dos fuentes de la riqueza, tierra y trabajo. En El capital se articula un sólido marco categorial, articulado en términos lógicos e históricos, esbozado en obras precedentes, indispensable para analizar los problemas económicos que entraña el proceso de valorización y los diversos fenómenos asociados. En el marco político del siglo XXI, es crucial reconstruir el proyecto de la crítica de la economía política, una operación que significa una puesta al día del estudio del capitalismo signado por formas pretéritas y novedosas de valorización del capital.
Closing the homework gap in California: Promoting broadband for K-12 families beyond the pandemic
Authors: Aguilar Stephen J , Galperin Hernan , Le Thai V.
Published: April 2021

Since 2008, the California Emerging Technology Fund (CETF) has conducted a statewide survey to assess California’s progress towards closing the divide in broadband connectivity across the state. Over the years, the results have shown a steady increase in broadband adoption, though the gains have been uneven across regions and groups. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to remote learning across California, there has been particular attention to deficits in connectivity and device availability among K-12 families. Prior research has shown that these deficits are associated with demographic characteristics such as income and race or ethnicity, as well as place of residency. The concern is that barriers to online learning associated with broadband connectivity and digital literacy may further exacerbate existing educational dis- parities along income, racial and geographical lines. This policy brief examines these questions based on the findings from the 2021 Statewide Survey on Broadband Adoption. The results are organized along three pillars that, when taken together, have been shown by prior research to enhance remote learning outcomes and mitigate its potential negative impacts. These pillars are: (1) access to the appropriate devices for remote learning; (2) access to robust connectivity for remote learning activities; and (3) parental support for online learning, which include helping children with schoolwork, communicating with teachers, and checking on students’ progress. The results are disaggregated by race or ethnicity, income and other demographic characteristics that reveal disparities in the ability to cope with the transition to remote learning among California families.
Nuevas necesidades comunicativas del paciente y su relación con el coaching para pacientes
Authors: Ferreiro Vilariño Teresa
Published: April 2021

A lo largo de la historia, las necesidades de los pacientes han ido evolucionando, y con ellas, los aspectos comunicativos y relacionales que definen la relación médico-paciente. Este artículo analiza los modelos relacionales de diferentes autores y sus características comunicativas, explorando las habilidades de comunicación necesarias en cada caso para, a partir de ahí, profundizar en el perfil del paciente del siglo XXI, caracterizado por su deseo de empoderarse y adquirir herramientas que le permitan tomar las riendas de su proceso y decidir con criterio. En una segunda parte, se presenta el coaching como nuevo modelo relacional. La confusión en torno al coaching de salud tanto desde el punto de vista de la metodología de trabajo como de los objetivos que persigue en su trato con el paciente deja un vacío en cuanto a la aproximación hacia el paciente. Por este motivo, y apoyándose en la investigación realizada con pacientes de cáncer de mama, se propone el coaching para pacientes como nuevo modelo relacional, un tipo de coaching con características propias y específicas que dirige su mirada hacia el futuro y que permite al individuo, por medio de herramientas prácticas, recuperar la confianza y dedicarse un espacio de autorreflexión y crecimiento.
¿Construir o Adaptar Tests Psicológicos? Diferentes Respuestas a una Cuestión Controvertida.
Authors: Fernández Alberto , Pérez Edgardo , Alderete Ana María , Richaud María Cristina , Fernández Liporace Mercedes
Published: April 2021

Durante el Congreso Argentino de Psicología del 2008, en la ciudad de Córdoba, se organizó un Simposio en el cual cuatro expertos (dos de Córdoba, dos de Buenos Aires) debatieron sobre la conveniencia de construir tests nuevos o adaptar los ya existentes. Nos pareció importante rescatar estas ponencias y ofrecérselas al lector de esta revista puesto que cada una de ellas expresa un posicionamiento diferente frente a esta problemática de notable vigencia en nuestro país. Podría decirse, de un modo muy simplificado, que el Profesor Pérez manifiesta su preferencia por la adaptación de tests, las      Profesoras Richaud y Alderete expresan una postura más  favorable a la construcción de nuevos instrumento y la Profesora Fernández Liporace opta por una posición intermedia. A  continuación, se presentan las cuatro ponencias expuestas en el congreso y, finalmente, el Profesor Alberto Fernández  suministra sus propias conclusiones respecto a la problemática en discusión.
¿El Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción II mide realmente la evitación experiencial?
Authors: Valencia Pablo
Published: April 2021

La evitación experiencial (EE) ha jugado un papel importante en las conceptualizaciones tempranas y recientes de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso. El Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción II (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) es muy usado como una medida de la EE, a pesar de las críticas sobre su validez. El presente estudio examinó las correlaciones latentes entre el AAQ-II y una nueva medida de EE: el Cuestionario de Evitación del Sufrimiento (ASQ). Además, se examinaron las correlaciones con el Cuestionario de Fusión Cognitiva (CFQ; Gillanders, 2014). Doscientos cuarenta estudiantes universitarios (59% mujeres, Medad = 20.33) completaron los cuestionarios. Se realizaron análisis factoriales no restringidos y restringidos para examinar las asociaciones hipotetizadas. El AAQ-II mostró una fuerte correlación con el CFQ, pero una correlación bastante débil con el ASQ. Estos resultados sugieren que el AAQ-II podría no ser una medida de EE.
Validación del Cuestionario de Signos observables asociados a la Inhibición Psicomotriz (SIP)
Authors: Saal Silvia , Reboursin Josefina , Molina María Fernanda
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to introduce the validation of a screening tool: the Psychomotor Inhibition Signs Questionnaire (SIP; Saal, 2019). A total of 675 children aged 5 to 10 years attending the three first years of elementary schools of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires took part in the study. A bidimensional structure: inhibition and obedience, was obtained by exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency was adequate for both dimensions: inhibition, α = .92; obedience, α = .80. Even if both factors are conceptually relevant, the first factor’s score was found to be a better screening measure for psychomotor inhibition. Cut-off point was established at 35.5 where high levels of sensitivity (.78) and specificity (.72) were obtained. The area under the ROC curve was .79 (p < .001). In sum, these results suggest that this tool is valid and reliable for screening psychomotor inhibition.