bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cell Apoptosis and the Pathogenesis of Dengue
Authors: Martins Sharon de T. , Silveira Guilherme F. , Alves Lysangela R. , Dos Santos Claudia Nunes Duarte , Bordignon Juliano
Published: November 2012

Dengue viruses and other members of the Flaviviridae family are emerging human pathogens. Dengue is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. Following infection through the bite, cells of the hematopoietic lineage, like dendritic cells, are the first targets of dengue virus infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen presenting cells, sensing pathogens, processing and presenting the antigens to T lymphocytes, and triggering an adaptive immune response. Infection of DCs by dengue virus may induce apoptosis, impairing their ability to present antigens to T cells, and thereby contributing to dengue pathogenesis. This review focuses on general mechanisms by which dengue virus triggers apoptosis, and possible influence of DC-apoptosis on dengue disease severity.
Isolation of microsatellite primers for Melampyrum sylvaticum (Orobanchaceae), an endangered plant in the United Kingdom
Authors: Crichton Rhiannon J. , Squirrell Jane , Woodin Sarah J. , Dalrymple Sarah E. , Hollingsworth Peter M.
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for the hemiparasitic plant Melampyrum sylvaticum to investigate the breeding system, genetic diversity, and structure of populations in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Norway.

• Methods and Results: Microsatellites were isolated from genomic DNA using an enrichment protocol. Twenty‐nine loci were characterized in two individuals from each of 15 geographically disparate populations (“global”). Seven polymorphic loci were further characterized in one population (“local”). The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 12 in the global sample and one to seven in the local sample. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0–0.75, the observed heterozygosity from 0–0.1, and the inbreeding coefficient from 0.84–1 in the local sample.

• Conclusions: The results show the utility of these novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for further conservation genetic analyses. The strong deficit of heterozygosity across all loci in the local sample suggests the species may be inbreeding.
Development of microsatellite markers from Mussaenda pubescens (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Duan Ting‐Ting , Gong Wei , Zhang Dian‐Xiang
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in Mussaenda pubescens for further study of its levels of genetic diversity and changes in population genetic structure in reproductive character displacement and in shifts of sexual systems.

• Methods and Results: Nineteen microsatellite loci were amplified successfully in M. pubescens, 17 of which were polymorphic. A maximum of eight alleles were detected per locus in 68 individuals at population level. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0 to 1.000 and 0 to 0.882, respectively.

• Conclusions: These newly developed microsatellite markers will be useful in further investigations of genetic diversity and gene flow among populations of M. pubescens and its congeneric species.
Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles
Authors: Denadai Ângelo M L , De Sousa Frederico B , Passos Joel J , Guatimosim Fernando C , Barbosa Kirla D , Burgos Ana E , de Oliveira Fernando Castro , da Silva Jeann C , Neves Bernardo R A , Mohallem Nelcy D S , Sinisterra Rubén D
Published: November 2012

Organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid materials (MHMs) combine a nonmagnetic and a magnetic component by means of electrostatic interactions or covalent bonds, and notable features can be achieved. Herein, we describe an application of a self-assembled material based on ferrite associated with β-cyclodextrin (Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD) at the nanoscale level. This MHM and pure ferrite (Fe-Ni/Zn) were used as an adsorbent system for Cr3+ and Cr2O72− ions in aqueous solutions. Prior to the adsorption studies, both ferrites were characterized in order to determine the particle size distribution, morphology and available binding sites on the surface of the materials. Microscopy analysis demonstrated that both ferrites present two different size domains, at the micro- and nanoscale level, with the latter being able to self-assemble into larger particles. Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD presented smaller particles and a more homogeneous particle size distribution. Higher porosity for this MHM compared to Fe-Ni/Zn was observed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherms and positron-annihilation-lifetime spectroscopy. Based on the pKa values, potentiometric titrations demonstrated the presence of βCD in the inorganic matrix, indicating that the lamellar structures verified by transmission electronic microscopy can be associated with βCD assembled structures. Colloidal stability was inferred as a function of time at different pH values, indicating the sedimentation rate as a function of pH. Zeta potential measurements identified an amphoteric behavior for the Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD, suggesting its better capability to remove ions (cations and anions) from aqueous solutions compared to that of Fe-Ni/Zn.
Biomarkers for Comorbidities in Psoriasis: A Report from the Grappa 2011 Annual Meeting
Authors: GLADMAN DAFNA D.
Published: November 2012

Biomarkers are being recognized that will help identify patients with psoriasis who may be destined to develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genes that are common to both psoriasis and PsA, as well as differentially expressed in the 2 conditions. Further, biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage can differentiate between patients with PsA and those with psoriasis without arthritis. An overview of these biomarkers was presented at the 2011 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Additionally, a report was presented from the current database of the International Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Research Team, a group of dermatologists and rheumatologists with the objective to improve the lives of patients with psoriasis and PsA.
GRAPPA Responder Index Project (GRACE): A Report from the GRAPPA 2011 Annual Meeting
Authors: HELLIWELL PHILIP S. , FITZGERALD OLIVER , MEASE PHILIP J. , GLADMAN DAFNA D.
Published: November 2012

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) established the GRAPPA Composite Exercise (GRACE) to compare existing and emerging composite disease activity and responder measures. At the GRAPPA 2010 annual meeting, initial results from this project were presented, and voting on available measures took place. At the GRAPPA 2011 meeting, further comparisons of new and existing measures were made, along with an outline plan for further work.
Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriasis Projects in Italy: A Report from the GRAPPA 2011 Annual Meeting
Authors: CAULI ALBERTO , LUBRANO ENNIO , SCARPA RAFFAELE , OLIVIERI IGNAZIO
Published: November 2012

Recent evidence that psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is more frequent and more severe than previously thought has led to several studies on genetic susceptibility, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnostic tools, and treatment of PsA. Concomitant with these studies has been the development of appropriate classification/diagnostic criteria and disease-specific outcome measures for PsA. Many Italian rheumatologists have taken part in these efforts by conducting collaborative multicenter research projects, which were described at the annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA; Naples, Italy, July 2011). Highlights of these Italian contributions included performance of CASPAR (ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis) criteria in early PsA; radiological assessments of axial PsA; development and validation of the PASRI (PsA Spondylitis Radiology Index in patients with established PsA); and the effect of etanercept on axial manifestations of established PsA.
GRAPPA 2011: Proceedings from the Ultrasound Imaging Module
Authors: KAELEY GURJIT S. , D’AGOSTINO MARIA ANTONIETTA , GRASSI WALTER , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL , OLIVIERI IGNAZIO
Published: November 2012

In a plenary session at the 2011 meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) the use of sonography for evaluating enthesitis and dactylitis in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) was reviewed, and initial proposals were presented to develop ultrasound joint indices to assess enthesitis and dactylitis in PsA. Sonography can depict ultrastructural morphopathological features of an enthesis and its adjoining tissue structures, as well as increased vascularity; candidate entheses were proposed for an initial sonographic PsA enthesitis index. Ultrasound also can readily demonstrate soft tissue changes, synovitis, erosions, and osteoproliferation in dactylitis, and these features were proposed for an initial sonographic dactylitis index. A perspective was also presented on a wider proposed index including the skin, nail, joint, and enthesis.
Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis in Peruvian Aborigines: A Report from the GRAPPA 2011 Annual Meeting
Authors: TOLOZA SERGIO M.A. , VEGA-HINOJOSA OSCAR , CHANDRAN VINOD , VALLE ONATE RAFAEL , ESPINOZA LUIS R.
Published: November 2012

Objective.

To determine the presence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in aboriginal people living in the Andean Mountains of Peru.

Methods.

Consecutive patients with psoriasis and PsA attending an arthritis clinic in Juliaca, Puno, Peru, located 3824 m above sea level were examined. The CASPAR (ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis) criteria were used for classification of PsA. Diagnosis of psoriasis was confirmed by a dermatologist.

Results.

Seventeen patients [11 (65%) men and 6 (35%) women] fulfilled classification criteria for PsA; one patient was of European ancestry and is not included in this report. Of the 16 aboriginal patients in this report, 5 were natives of Quechua ancestry and one was native Aymara. At the time of their first clinic visit, no native patient with PsA had a family history of psoriasis or PsA, and all patients exhibited an established disease of long duration and severity. Methotrexate was the drug of choice for all patients; 2 patients are currently receiving biological therapy.

Conclusion.

Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, both psoriasis and PsA are present in aboriginal people from the Andean Mountains of Peru. More studies are needed to further define the phenotype of these disorders, as well as the pathogenetic role of genetic and environmental factors.
Évolutions des politiques locales de jeunesse
Authors: Loncle Patricia
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le présent article a pour objectif de proposer une synthèse des évolutions qui affectent les politiques locales de jeunesse depuis une décennie. Pour ce faire, il s’intéresse aux changements qui concernent, d’une part, les problèmes publics définis par les politiques locales et, d’autre part, les niveaux d’intervention desdites politiques. Les politiques de jeunesse sont envisagées comme faisant partie d’un processus de complexification, de transversalisation de l’action publique, sur fond de désengagement de l’État. En procédant de la sorte, nous tentons de revenir sur l’hypothèse générale qui structure ce numéro : est-ce que les évolutions en matière de politiques locales de jeunesse vont dans le sens d’un développement des politiques territoriales ?
Politiques locales de jeunesse et territorialisation de l'action publique
Authors: Labadie Francine
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’auteur part des travaux réalisés par le Commissariat général du Plan pour analyser, à partir des dynamiques locales, l’action publique en direction des jeunes adultes à l’occasion de leur entrée dans les responsabilités économiques, sociales et politiques. Sont tour à tour examinées, dans une perspective cognitiviste, les représentations de la jeunesse convoquées à travers ces politiques, les conceptions des territoires mises en œuvre ainsi que leur imbrication. L’analyse mène à une interrogation sur la territorialisation en cours, laquelle risque d’aboutir à une exacerbation de la concurrence entre les différents niveaux d’intervention publique. Un repositionnement de chacun devient nécessaire, au sein duquel la Région pourrait être un échelon pertinent de médiation politique.
Politiques territoriales de jeunesse et transversalité
Authors: Halter Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2012

Résumé Impulsées par l’État, la contractualisation et la territorialisation de l’action publique en direction des jeunes ont eu un impact sur l’élaboration des politiques de jeunesse et suscité l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs institutionnels, professionnels et politiques. La transversalité de l’action publique se trouve ainsi au cœur d’une recomposition qui dessine une nouvelle répartition des pouvoirs entre l’État et ses représentants, les élus locaux et leurs techniciens, la sphère associative, ses militants et ses professionnels.
Les étudiants animateurs : un petit boulot vocationnel
Authors: Pinto Vanessa
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’exercice par certains étudiants d’un « petit boulot » dans l’animation résulte d’un ajustement entre, d’une part, les propriétés à la fois objectives et subjectives de cette population et, d’autre part, les caractéristiques et les exigences d’un secteur historiquement marqué par une pratique bénévole et des valeurs spécifiques. Cet article, qui repose sur une enquête ethnographique, tente de montrer en quoi ces étudiants ont vocation à occuper occasionnellement cet emploi et à y être considérés comme idéalement ajustés, alors même qu’ils n’envisagent pas d’y faire carrière.
Animateurs vacataires et permanents : regards sur la qualité de l'emploi
Authors: Farvaque Nicolas
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article explore les résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire à laquelle plus de 1 500 animateurs salariés ont répondu en 2006 et 2007. Les données indiquent des conditions d’emploi et de travail variables selon le statut des animateurs. Une distinction entre animateurs permanents et vacataires est proposée et testée afin d’analyser la segmentation des métiers de l’animation. Quand il s’agit d’exprimer des positions plus subjectives, on constate l’impact des conditions d’emploi sur les attentes et la satisfaction au travail. Un certain trouble, qui parcourt la profession, semble se dégager du matériau empirique.
Les cadres de l'animation sont-ils des cadres comme les autres ?
Authors: Gallibour Éric , Raibaud Yves
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article présente une enquête réalisée en 2007 sur les diplômés du DEDPAD Aquitaine. Il tente de dégager quelques pistes prospectives sur le champ professionnel de l’animation à partir du point de vue de cadres en formation. Il décrit leurs parcours, les fonctions qu’ils occupent, les conditions matérielles de leur travail. Il présente ainsi des carrières professionnelles menées sur le long terme et vécues par les personnes interrogées comme des réussites professionnelles, ce qui n’exclut pas les difficultés que peuvent ressentir ces cadres à « exister » entre une masse d’animateurs peu qualifiés et une hiérarchie d’élus associatifs ou politiques qui ne reconnaissent pas toujours leurs compétences spécifiques. Les cadres de l’animation sont un élément clé des dynamiques de revendication qui peuvent émerger et faire aboutir le travail de conscientisation d’elle-même de la profession d’animateur.
Jeunes de rue et trafic de stups
Authors: Sauvadet Thomas
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article repose sur une enquête socio-ethnographique effectuée dans une cité du sud de Paris. Il s’intéresse aux enfants, mais surtout aux adolescents et aux jeunes adultes qui utilisent les rues de leur cité davantage comme un lieu de vie que comme un lieu de passage, et qui forment des « bandes » plus ou moins structurées par des activités délinquantes, et en particulier par le trafic de stupéfiants, l’activité la plus rentable. Il éclaire ensuite la structuration de cette activité par l’accumulation, entre les années 1980 et aujourd’hui, de compétences techniques, relationnelles et économiques.
Les rencontres « jeunes et sociétés en Europe et autour de la Méditerranée »
Authors: Lebon Francis , de Linarès Chantal
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cette chronique éclaire la genèse des Rencontres « Jeunes et sociétés » nées en 2003, en explicite les objectifs, met en perspective ce projet avec ceux de groupes plus anciens. Les auteurs analysent la mise en œuvre depuis 2003 du projet construit sur la compréhension de la place des jeunes dans les évolutions sociétales, la pluridisciplinarité et la dimension internationale dans les travaux. Ils relèvent également les problématiques émergentes au cours des rencontres en 2003, 2005 et 2007, les points de vue différents de certains participants et concluent sur l’importance de la construction d’un réseau de chercheurs en Europe et autour de la Méditerranée. Le rendez-vous des IV es Rencontres en 2009 à Forli en Italie constituera une étape importante dans cette construction.
Hip-Hop et politique de la ville
Authors: Faure Sylvia , Garcia Marie-Carmen
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse les catégories de pensée et d’action mobilisées depuis les années 1980 jusqu’au début des années 2000 par les politiques publiques locales en vue de reconnaître la danse hip-hop en tant que pratique artistique. Dès le début des années 1980, alors que les grands ensembles HLM étaient parfois apparus comme des espaces de non-droit, en déficit de citoyenneté, voire communautaristes, la danse hip-hop, associée aux « cultures urbaines », a été perçue comme un vecteur de l’intégration pour les jeunes de familles populaires et les danseurs et chorégraphes, aidés par les institutions de jeunesse et les élus locaux, ont été sollicités pour se faire les modèles du « pacte républicain ».
L'indépendance des autorités de régulation économique à l'égard des opérateurs régulés
Authors: Dezobry Guillaume
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les autorités de régulation économique sont‑elles indépendantes vis‑à‑vis des opérateurs régulés ? Cette question, qui est au cœur du processus de libéralisation des industries de réseau, peut être appréhendée en envisageant la capacité des autorités de régulation sectorielle à résister aux facteurs de dépendance vis‑à‑vis des opérateurs régulés. Plus précisément, afin de s’émanciper de l’influence de l’opérateur historique, l’autorité de régulation doit parvenir, d’une part, à limiter le risque de capture et, d’autre part, à combler l’asymétrie d’information. Pour cela, elle doit disposer de moyens humains et financiers importants et pouvoir inscrire son action dans la durée.
L'indépendance des autorités de régulation financière à l'égard des opérateurs régulés
Authors: Lasserre Capdeville Jérôme
Published: November 2012

Résumé Il est classique d’affirmer que la question de l’indépendance occupe une place importante dans le droit régissant les autorités de régulation financière, c’est‑à‑dire l’Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) et l’Autorité de contrôle prudentiel (ACP). Cette indépendance qui est requise à l’égard du pouvoir politique, l’est tout autant, et c’est ce qui nous importe ici, vis‑à‑vis des opérateurs régulés. Mais qu’en est‑il, aujourd’hui, en 2012 ? Comment se manifeste cette indépendance à l’égard de ces derniers ? Des améliorations ne sont‑elles pas envisageables dans certains cas ? Cette contribution tente de répondre à l’ensemble de ces interrogations.
L'indépedance des autorités de régulation en Allemagne
Authors: Walther Julien
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les autorités de régulation allemandes, largement calquées sur le modèle de l’office fédéral des cartels, ne sont pas indépendantes mais seulement autonomes. Une indépendance de droit serait, selon les canons constitutionnels allemands, inacceptable : toute administration doit en principe être ancrée par une « chaîne de légitimation » au pouvoir élu. Cette notion même d’autonomie est d’une grande complexité et s’entend comme découlant tant de l’organisation administrative que de l’agencement fédéral allemand. Cependant, malgré cela, des espaces d’indépendance semblent exister dans cette autonomie. Pour certaines de ces autorités, la structure particulière des chambres décisionnelles, le mode de financement, l’absence factuelle de sujétion aux éventuelles instructions ministérielles peuvent – prudemment – être lus comme les marqueurs d’une autonomie fonctionnelle réelle, proche d’une véritable indépendance.
L'indépendance des autorités de régulation en Italie
Authors: Martucci Francesco
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les autorités de régulation italiennes se caractérisent par une relative hétérogénéité, attisée par une approche sectorielle. Néanmoins, elles présentent ceci de commun qu’elles appartiennent à la catégorie générale des autorités administratives indépendantes. Des garanties d’indépendance leur sont ainsi reconnues tant sur le plan institutionnel que fonctionnel. Communes à toutes les autorités, ces garanties se déclinent selon le secteur régulé.
L'indépendance des autorités de régulation au Royaume‑Uni
Authors: Perroud Thomas
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’indépendance des autorités de régulation au Royaume‑Uni doit d’abord être relativisée. Alors que ce pays est toujours pris en exemple à ce sujet, les autorités anglaises disposent d’une indépendance juridique bien moindre, bien moins assurée que leurs homologues françaises. Il faut alors tâcher de comprendre en quoi ces autorités sont indépendantes. Elles sont d’abord séparées de l’appareil gouvernemental et ne sont pas soumises au principe constitutionnel anglais de responsabilité ministérielle. Elles sont ensuite dotées d’une forte indépendance matérielle, c’est un point sur lequel la doctrine anglaise insiste beaucoup, il n’y a pas d’indépendance sans les moyens nécessaires pour engager un personnel bien formé.
L'indépendance de l'Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires
Authors: Cospérec Béatrice
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires (ARAF) a été créée par la loi n˚ 2009‑1503 du 8 décembre 2009 relative à l’organisation et à la régulation des transports ferroviaires, afin de « concourir au bon fonctionnement du service public et des activités concurrentielles de transport ferroviaire, au bénéfice des usagers et clients des services de transport ferroviaire ». Elle dispose de la personnalité juridique et d’une indépendance budgétaire. Le mode de nomination des membres de son collège, les caractéristiques de leur mandat et les conditions d’exercice de leur fonction assurent leur impartialité. Ses décisions ne sont pas soumises à l’approbation du gouvernement. Les conditions de son indépendance sont donc pleinement réunies. Cela étant, c’est bien l’efficacité de l’Autorité et la pertinence de ses décisions qui fonderont sa crédibilité et conforteront son indépendance.
L'état exemplaire : slogan ou nouveau principe ?
Authors: Deschamps Emmanuelle
Published: November 2012

Résumé La référence à l’État exemplaire s’est beaucoup démultipliée dans le discours politique depuis une décennie, et cette exemplarité est désormais affichée par les plus hauts responsables de l’État comme un véritable devoir. Cet article vise à retracer l’origine, la signification, le champ et la méthode de l’État exemplaire pour démontrer que, bien plus qu’une déclamation, on est en présence d’un nouveau principe de l’action publique qui vise à conjuguer les préoccupations économiques et éthiques. Au regard des changements actés ou en perspective, il s’agit tout autant de plier les administrations étatiques aux exigences du développement durable que de rendre le statut et le comportement des élites politiques de l’État plus acceptables aux yeux de l’opinion publique.
Cardiac Tamponade After Removal of Temporary Pacer Wires
Authors: Mahon Linda , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon M. , Albert Nancy M.
Published: November 2012

Background

After removal of temporary pacemaker wires, nurses measure vital signs frequently to assess for cardiac tamponade; however, evidence for this procedure is limited.

Objectives

To determine risk factors for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal.

Methods

Retrospective review of data for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery (N = 23 717) performed from January 1999 to December 2008. Patients were categorized by reason for reoperation: bleeding less than 3 days after initial surgery (n = 812, group 1), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery but not for cardiac tamponade (n = 171, group 2), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal (n = 23, group 3), and no reoperation (n = 22 711, group 4).

Results

Less than 1% (9.7 cases/10 000) of patients required reoperation for cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires. Of patient-related factors studied, only smoking history differed for group 3 vs group 1 (P = .03) and group 2 (P = .01). Of vital sign changes, 1 patient (4%) had tachycardia and 3 patients had cardiac arrest, but only 1 of the 3 had hypotension before the arrest. In total, 12 patients (52%) had hypotension; however, it was mild or intermittent in 5 cases, and did not occur within the 4 hours after wire removal in 3 cases. After removal of temporary pacing wires, common early signs/symptoms were bleeding (26%) and dyspnea (26%). Other documented changes were pressure in the chest, diaphoresis, cold and clammy skin, dizziness, and mental status changes.

Conclusions

Tamponade related to pacer wire removal was rare and not consistently associated with changes in vital signs. Dyspnea, bleeding, and other factors may indicate early onset of cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires.
Disaster Risk Reduction through school learners’ awareness and preparedness
Authors: Rambau Takalani S. , Beukes Lukas D. , Fraser William
Published: November 2012

In 2006, the ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) (2007) initiated a campaign called Disaster Risk Reduction Begins at School to encourage the integration of disaster risk education into school curricula in countries vulnerable to disasters. A study was initiated to determine how education, in particular curriculum development and teaching, contributes to South African learners’ hazard awareness and disaster preparedness. Mixed method research (consisting of questionnaires, interviews and document reviews) was done to collect data. 150 educators from Gauteng, the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, North West and the Eastern Cape completed questionnaires. Five curriculum coordinators, three disaster specialists and two disaster lecturers were interviewed to record their perspectives. The first finding of the study was that the majority of educators, disaster specialists and curriculum coordinators identified floods, fire, droughts, epidemics, road accidents and storms as the most prevalent disasters in the country. The second finding from the literature and empirical data collection revealed that South African communities, particularly people residing in informal settlements and other poor areas, are more vulnerable to disasters than their counterparts in more affluent areas. The third finding of the study was that teaching learners about hazards and disasters is vital and must be expanded.
Aspiration lung disorders in bovines: A case report and review
Authors: Shakespeare Anthony S.
Published: November 2012

Lung aspiration disorders in bovines are invariably diagnosed as infectious aspiration pneumonias. There is a distinct differentiation between aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis in humans that can be applied to bovines. The nature and quantity of the aspirate can result in differing pathogeneses which can require differing therapeutic approaches. Whilst blood gases were important in detecting and prognosticating lung problems, changes in barometric pressure with altitude have to be considered when interpreting partial pressures of oxygen. Anatomical differences in the lungs of bovines can explain why this species is more prone to certain pneumonic problems. Pulmonary physiotherapy is important in treating lung disorders in humans and should be considered as an adjunct therapy in bovine respiratory conditions. A case work-up was used to highlight some of the points discussed in this article.
Free Groups Generated by Two Heisenberg Translations
Authors: Xie BaoHua , Wang JieYan , Jiang YuePing
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we will discuss the groups generated by two Heisenberg translations of PU(2, 1) and determine when they are free.
Correction of static pressure on a research aircraft in accelerated flight using differential pressure measurements
Authors: Rodi A. R. , Leon D. C.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. A method is described that estimates the error in the static pressure measurement on an aircraft from differential pressure measurements on the hemispherical surface of a Rosemount model 858AJ air velocity probe mounted on a boom ahead of the aircraft. The theoretical predictions for how the pressure should vary over the surface of the hemisphere, involving an unknown sensitivity parameter, leads to a set of equations that can be solved for the unknowns – angle of attack, angle of sideslip, dynamic pressure and the error in static pressure – if the sensitivity factor can be determined. The sensitivity factor was determined on the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft by comparisons with the error measured with a carefully designed sonde towed on connecting tubing behind the aircraft – a trailing cone – and the result was shown to have a precision of about ±10 Pa over a wide range of conditions, including various altitudes, power settings, and gear and flap extensions. Under accelerated flight conditions, geometric altitude data from a combined Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) system are used to estimate acceleration effects on the error, and the algorithm is shown to predict corrections to a precision of better than ±20 Pa under those conditions. Some limiting factors affecting the precision of static pressure measurement on a research aircraft are discussed.
Modelling contrasting responses of wetland productivity to changes in water table depth
Authors: Grant R. F. , Desai A. R. , Sulman B. N.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Responses of wetland productivity to changes in water table depth (WTD) are controlled by complex interactions among several soil and plant processes, and hence are site-specific rather than general in nature. Hydrological controls on wetland productivity were studied by representing these interactions in connected hummock and hollow sites in the ecosystem model ecosys, and by testing CO2 and energy fluxes from the model with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) during years with contrasting WTD in a shrub fen at Lost Creek, WI. Modelled interactions among coupled processes for O2 transfer, O2 uptake, C oxidation, N mineralization, N uptake and C fixation by diverse microbial, root and mycorrhizal populations enabled the model to simulate complex responses of CO2 exchange to changes in WTD that depended on the WTD at which change was occurring. At the site scale, greater WTD caused the model to simulate greater CO2 influxes and effluxes over hummocks vs. hollows, as has been found at field sites. At the landscape scale, greater WTD caused the model to simulate greater diurnal CO2 influxes and effluxes under cooler weather when water tables were shallow, but also smaller diurnal CO2 influxes and effluxes under warmer weather when water tables were deeper, as was also apparent in the EC flux measurements. At an annual time scale, these diurnal responses to WTD in the model caused lower net primary productivity (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh), but higher net ecosystem productivity (NEP = NPP − Rh), to be simulated in a cooler year with a shallower water table than in a warmer year with a deeper one. This difference in NEP was consistent with those estimated from gap-filled EC fluxes in years with different water tables at Lost Creek and at similar boreal fens elsewhere. In sensitivity tests of the model, annual NEP declined with increasing WTD in a year with a shallow water table, but rose in a year with a deeper one. The model thus provided an integrated set of hypotheses for explaining site-specific and sometimes contrasting responses of wetland productivity to changes in WTD as found in different field experiments.
Leaf level emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from some Amazonian and Mediterranean plants
Authors: Bracho-Nunez A. , Knothe N. M. , Welter S. , Staudt M. , Costa W. R. , Liberato M. A. R. , Piedade M. T. F. , Kesselmeier J.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. As volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly affect atmospheric chemistry (oxidative capacity) and physics (secondary organic aerosol formation and effects), emission inventories defining regional and global biogenic VOC emission strengths are important. The aim of this work was to achieve a description of VOC emissions from poorly described tropical vegetation to be compared with the quite well investigated and highly heterogeneous emissions from Mediterranean vegetation. For this task, common plant species of both ecosystems were investigated. Sixteen plant species from the Mediterranean area, which is known for its special diversity in VOC emitting plant species, were chosen. In contrast, little information is currently available regarding emissions of VOCs from tropical tree species at the leaf level. Twelve plant species from different environments of the Amazon basin, i.e. Terra firme, Várzea and Igapó, were screened for emission of VOCs at leaf level with a branch enclosure system. Analysis of the volatile organics was performed online by a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and offline by collection on adsorbent tubes and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. Isoprene was quantitatively the most dominant compound emitted followed by monoterpenes, methanol and acetone. Most of the Mediterranean species emitted a variety of monoterpenes, whereas only five tropical species were monoterpene emitters exhibiting a quite conservative emission pattern (α-pinene > limonene > sabinene > β-pinene). Mediterranean plants showed additional emissions of sesquiterpenes, whereas in the case of plants from the Amazon region no sesquiterpenes were detected probably due to a lack of sensitivity in the measuring systems. On the other hand methanol emissions, an indicator of growth, were common in most of the tropical and Mediterranean species. A few species from both ecosystems showed acetone emissions. The observed heterogeneous emissions including reactive VOC species which are not easily detected by flux measurements, give reason to perform more screening at leaf level and, whenever possible, within the forests under ambient conditions.
Comment on ''Observing desert dust devils with a pressure logger" by Lorenz (2012) – insights on measured pressure fluctuations from large-eddy simulations
Authors: Spiga A.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Lorenz et al. (2012) proposes to use pressure loggers for long-term field measurements in terrestrial deserts. The dataset obtained through this method features both pressure drops (reminiscent of dust devils) and periodic convective signatures. Here we use large-eddy simulations to provide an explanation for those periodic convective signatures and to argue that pressure measurements in deserts have broader applications than monitoring dust devils.
Modelling and experimental investigation of process parameters in WEDM of WC-5.3 % Co using response surface methodology
Authors: Jangra K. , Grover S.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) composite is a difficult-to-machine material owing to its excellent strength and hardness at elevated temperature. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a best alternative for machining of WC-Co composite into intricate and complex shapes. Efficient machining of WC-Co composite on WEDM is a challenging task since it involves large numbers of parameters. Therefore, in present work, experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the influence of important WEDM parameters on machining performance of WC-Co composite. Response surface methodology, which is a collection of mathematical and experimental techniques, was utilised to obtain the experimental data. Using face-centered central composite design, experiments were conducted to investigate and correlate the four input parameters: pulse-on time, pulse-off time, servo voltage and wire feed for three output performance characteristics – cutting speed (CS), surface roughness (SR) and radial overcut (RoC). Using analysis of variance on experimental data, quadratic vs. two-factor interaction (2FI) models have been suggested for CS and RoC while two-factor interaction (2FI) has been proposed for SR. Using these mathematical models, optimal parameters can be determined easily for desired performance characteristics, and hence a trade-off can be made among different performance characteristics.
Is climate change causing increased rockfall frequency in Austria?
Authors: Sass O. , Oberlechner M.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Potentially, increasing rockfall hazards triggered by climate change are a major concern expressed both in scientific and non-scientific media. An existing rockfall inventory for Austria including 252 events from ca. 1900 to 2010, mainly from non-permafrost areas, was analysed. The correlation of events with temperatures is very weak and no increase of rockfall frequency during warmer periods was observed. The peak of rockfall activity is in spring, whereas in recent decades a secondary summer maximum appeared in the records. A possible reason for this shift is reduced rockfall activity in spring due to warmer winters. We conclude that a premature warning of increasing rockfall hazard, especially below the permafrost limit, is not supported by the existing data.
El arco y la flecha: reactivación y puesta en valor de la artesanía rama
Authors: Hayes Steve , Montalván Francisco
Published: November 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v66i0.888 Wani No.66 2012 pp.26-29
Medicina natural de la población ulwa de Karawala
Authors: Baptis Carmela
Published: November 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v66i0.891 Wani No.66 2012 pp.39-42
On Behavior of Solution of Degenerated Hyperbolic Equation
Authors: Gadjiev Tahir , Rasulov Rafig , Aliev Orkhan
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this paper is to learn some features of hyperbolic type of nonlinear equations. It is shown that the solution of the equation approaches to the endlessness in the inside of some initial conditions and time of the special marks. The local existence of the equation’s solution has been proved and the problem of unlimited increasing on the solution of nonlinear hyperbolic equations type during the finite time is investigated.
Gadolinium Chloride Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Pulmonary Apoptosis and Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Kishta Osama A. , Goldberg Peter , Husain Sabah N. A.
Published: November 2012

Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), a Kupffer cells inhibitor, attenuates acute lung injury; however, the mechanisms behind this effect are not completely elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that GdCl3acts through the inhibition of lung parenchymal cellular apoptosis. Two groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline orE. colilipopolysaccharide. In two additional groups, rats were injected with GdCl324 hrs prior to saline or LPS administration. At 12 hrs, lung injury, inflammation, and apoptosis were studied. Lung water content, myeloperoxidase activity, pulmonary apoptosis and mRNA levels of interleukin-1β, -2, -5, -6, -10 and TNF-αrose significantly in LPS-injected animals. Pretreatment with GdCl3significantly reduced LPS-induced elevation of pulmonary water content, myeloperoxidase activity, cleaved caspase-3 intensity, and attenuated pulmonary TUNEL-positive cells. GdCl3pre-treatment upregulated IL-1β, -2 and -10 pulmonary gene expression without significantly affecting the others. These results suggest that GdCl3attenuates acute lung injury through its effects on pulmonary parenchymal apoptosis.
Hybrid-Controlled Neurofuzzy Networks Analysis Resulting in Genetic Regulatory Networks Reconstruction
Authors: Manshaei Roozbeh , Sobhe Bidari Pooya , Aliyari Shoorehdeli Mahdi , Feizi Amir , Lohrasebi Tahmineh , Malboobi Mohammad Ali , Kyan Matthew , Alirezaie Javad
Published: November 2012

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is the process of estimating genetic interactions of a cellular system from gene expression data. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid systematic algorithm based on neurofuzzy network for reconstructing GRNs from observational gene expression data when only a medium-small number of measurements are available. The approach uses fuzzy logic to transform gene expression values into qualitative descriptors that can be evaluated by using a set of defined rules. The algorithm uses neurofuzzy network to model genes effects on other genes followed by four stages of decision making to extract gene interactions. One of the main features of the proposed algorithm is that an optimal number of fuzzy rules can be easily and rapidly extracted without overparameterizing. Data analysis and simulation are conducted on microarray expression profiles of S. cerevisiae cell cycle and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm not only selects the patterns of the time series gene expression data accurately, but also provides models with better reconstruction accuracy when compared with four published algorithms: DBNs, VBEM, time delay ARACNE, and PF subjected to LASSO. The accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of recall and F-score for the network reconstruction task.
Urea Concentration and Haemodialysis Dose
Authors: Vartia Aarne
Published: November 2012

Background. Dialysis dose is commonly defined as a clearance scaled to some measure of body size, but the toxicity of uraemic solutes is probably associated more to their concentrations than to their clearance.Methods. 619 dialysis sessions of 35 patients were modified by computer simulations targeting a constant urea clearance or a constant urea concentration.Results. Urea generation rateGvaried widely in dialysis patients, rather independently of body size. Dialysing toeKt/V1.2 in an unselected patient population resulted in great variations in time-averaged concentration (TAC) and average predialysis concentration (PAC) of urea (5.9–40.2 and 8.6–55.8 mmol/L, resp.). Dialysing to equal clearance targets scaled to urea distribution volume resulted in higher concentrations in women. Dialysing to the mean HEMO-equivalent TAC or PAC (17.7 and 25.4 mmol/L) required extremely short or long treatment times in about half of the sessions.Conclusions. The relation betweenGandVvaries greatly and seems to be different in women and men. Dialysing to a constant urea concentration may result in unexpected concentrations of other uraemic toxins and is not recommended, but high concentrations may justify increasing the dose despite adequateeKt/V, std EKR, or std K/V.
New Biomarkers for the Quick Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Tugcu Volkan , Tasci Ali Ihsan
Published: November 2012

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and strong problem in the diagnosis of which based on measurement of BUN and serum creatinine. These traditional methods are not sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of AKI. AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and a quick detection is impossible with BUN and serum creatinine. A number of serum and urinary proteins have been identified that may messenger AKI prior to a rise in BUN and serum creatinine. New biomarkers of AKI, including NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin-C, IL-18, and L-FABP, are more favourable tests than creatinine which have been identified and studied in several experimental and clinical training. This paper will discuss some of these new biomarkers and their potential as useful signs of AKI. We searched the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE with acute kidney injury, urine, and serum new biomarkers and the articles were selected only from publication types in English.
Genetic Divergence in Indigenous Wild and Cultivated Rice Species of Manipur Valley
Authors: Medhabati K. , Rajiv Das K. , Rohinikumar M. , Sunitibala H. , Dikash Singh Th.
Published: November 2012

Genetic divergence of 32 indigenous rice germplasms and five wild rice of which three from Manipur and two wild rice procured from IRRI, Philippines was investigated using Mahalanobis, D2 statistic. Based on twelve agromorphological characters, the thirty-seven germplasms both wild and cultivated were grouped into five clusters based on the relative magnitudes of D2 values following Tocher's method of cluster formation. Based on the rank totals, the characters which contributed maximum towards genetic divergence in the present studies were grain yield/plant, spikelet/panicle, 100 grain weight, grain length, days to 50% flowering, ear bearing tillers/plant, and flag leaf length. In the present study, maximum intercluster distance was estimated between cluster III and (D2=14.09) which was closed followed by clusters II and V (D2=12.50). On the basis of their greater intercluster distance, high value of cluster mean according to the character to be improved and performance of the individual germplasms for the character, the germplasms could be used in hybridization programme for improvement of different plant characters in the rice germplasms of Manipur.
Systemic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving the orbit and leptomeninges
Authors: Saunders Timothy S. , Anis Sarah , Doych Yelena , Moran Anna , Hou J. Steve , Chen Xiaoli , Yanoff Myron
Published: November 2012

We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a 46-year-old female presenting in an unusual manner with stage IVB disease including concurrent orbital and leptomeningeal involvement. The cytologic features and cytogenetics of the malignancy are noted, and the management and progression of the disease, with attention to orbital involvement, is recorded for a period of over 2.5 years, until the patient's death.
Floating anterior lens capsule: an unusual case of true exfoliation
Authors: Riffle John
Published: November 2012

A rare case of delamination and replication of the anterior lens capsule into prominent floating folds in the anterior chamber approximately 55 years after a penetrating injury to the eye and anterior lens capsule is reported. Classically, true exfoliation of the anterior lens capsule has been reported in individuals who have been exposed to intense heat over a prolonged period. However, more recently cases of true exfoliation of the anterior lens capsule have been reported in patients who have not been occupationally exposed to high temperatures and associated infrared radiation. A brief review of the literature concerning true exfoliation of the lens capsule in the absence of intense heat exposure is included. Associations with trauma, inflammation, advanced age, hyperopia, glaucoma, and capsular protein abnormality have been reported, but the pathogenesis of this rare clinical finding remains conjectural.