bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of sand flies (Diptera
Authors: Wijerathna Tharaka , Gunathilaka Nayana , Rodrigo Wasana
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To identity the variation of sand flies in the Gampaha and Kurunegala districts of Sri Lanka and to assess DNA barcoding as a complementing method for morphological identification.

Methods:

A total of 38 441 sand flies were collected from selected localities in Gampaha and Kurunegala districts using standard entomological techniques from May 2017 to December 2018. Specimens were identified using morphological features and compared with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene- based DNA barcoding as an alternative tool.

Results:

Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of four species under two genera (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia). Phlebotomus argentipes was the predominant species, followed by Sergentomyia (S.) punjabensis, S. babu insularis, and an unidentified Sergentomyia sp. Phlebotomus argentipes showed a clear genetic differentiation from other species. S. babu insularis and S. punjabensis showed a higher genetic affinity to each other than the unidentified species. The unidentified Sergentomyia species is morphologically similar to S. zeylanica, but differs only in clavate gonostyle.

Conclusions:

DNA barcoding is an effective technique for the identification of sand flies. Further studies using molecular techniques will improve the knowledge of the cryptic diversity of Sri Lankan sand fly fauna. Establishing a reliable and standardized identification system for sand fly species in Sri Lanka is recommended.
A rare presentation of Guillain-Barre syndrome with GQ1b positivity
Authors: George Minu , Baby Neena , Koshy Pradeep Mathew , Ullatil Rajendran , Radhakrishnan Sureshkumar
Published: July 2022

Rationale:

To report a case of cervicobrachial variant of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy presenting with papilledema and GQ1b positivity.

Patient concern:

A 35-year-old female, 68 days postpartum, presented with headache, vomiting, and gait difficulty in swallowing with bilateral upper limb weakness and difficulty in walking, 13 days after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

Diagnosis:

Guillain-Barre syndrome with GQ1b positivity.

Intervention:

Five cycles of plasmapheresis were given.

Outcome:

The patient’s clinical condition improved. Palatal weakness improved and she could walk without support. There were mild sensory symptoms involving upper limbs which gradually improved.

Lessons:

AIDP should be considered in case of weakness following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Albumino-cytological dissociation and anti-GQ1b positivity are needed to confirmed the diagnosis.
Prevalence and factors associated with belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Diyan Ermawan , Laksono Agung Dwi , Pranata Setia , Nantabah Zainul Khaqiqi
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and its associated factors.

Methods:

Due to mobility restriction, this study was conducted cross-sectionally via online platforms. The included factors were age, gender, religious identity, marital status, education level, occupation, and living with health workers. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between belief in COVID-19 vaccine with the predictors.

Results:

A total of 5 397 responses were taken into analysis. The prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was 62.3%. Whereas factors associated with belief in COVID-19 vaccines were being in the age of 45-54 (aOR 1.767; 95% CI 1.219-2.562), 55-64 (aOR 1.703; 95% CI 1.219-2.562), and >64 (aOR 2.136; 95% CI 1.128-4.047), completing education until the secondary level (aOR 1.354; 95% CI 1.111-1.650), working as health practitioners (aOR 2,353; 95% CI 1.655-3.344), and living with health workers (aOR 1.278, 95% CI 1.079-1.514). All religious identities including Muslim (aOR 2.447; 95% CI 1.183-5.062), Protestant (aOR 3.615; 95% CI 1.703-7.677), Catholic (aOR 4.486; 95% CI 2.015-9.987), and Hindu (aOR 3.286; 95% CI 1.410-7.655) showed significant association with belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.

Conclusions:

A high prevalence of belief in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy was evident. Since vaccine compliance is determined by an individual’s risk-benefit perception, this study emphasizes the need of raising awareness of the benefits of COVID-19 immunization.
Testicular exosomes disturb the immunosuppressive phenotype of testicular macrophages mediated by miR-155-5p in uropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced orchitis
Authors: Xu Jia , He Chao , Fang Yi-Wei , Hu Zhi-Yong , Peng Mei-Lin , Chen Yuan-Yao , Su Yu-Fang , Liu Chun-Yan , Zhang Hui-Ping , Zhao Kai
Published: July 2022

Male reproductive infections are known to shape the immunological homeostasis of the testes, leading to male infertility. However, the specific pathogenesis of these changes remains poorly understood. Exosomes released in the inflammatory microenvironment are important in communication between the local microenvironment and recipient cells. Here, we aim to identify the immunomodulatory properties of inflammatory testes-derived exosomes (IT-exos) and explore their underlying mechanisms in orchitis. IT-exos were isolated using a uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced orchitis model and confirmed that IT-exos promoted proinflammatory M1 activation with increasing expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vitro. We further used small RNA sequencing to identify the differential miRNA profiles in exosomes and primary testicular macrophages (TMs) from normal and UPEC-infected testes, respectively, and identified that miR-155-5p was highly enriched in IT-exos and TMs from inflammatory testes. Further study of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) transfected with miR-155-5p mimic showed that macrophages polarized to proinflammatory phenotype. In addition, the mice that were administrated IT-exos showed remarkable activation of TM1-like macrophages; however, IT-exos with silencing miR-155-5p showed a decrease in proinflammatory responses. Overall, we demonstrate that miR-155-5p delivered by IT-exos plays an important role in the activation of TM1 in UPEC-induced orchitis. Our study provides a new perspective on the immunological mechanisms underlying inflammation-related male infertility.
The Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine into the Western World
Authors: Isa-Allean Blacksher N. D.
Published: July 2022

This paper introduces the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine into the western world. Internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the Western world is not a simple or easy task. Its exposure and exportation into the rest of the world should be a task taken on with a special focus and determination on staying strong along the way. Keeping the truth, strength, and integrity in TCM medicine as it is exported is the highest priority and the best way to promote it. Doing this will give it a solid foundation in its new land and for its new patients. Let's study and analyze what really is required to help TCM avoid all problems and hardships of this exportation process as TCM goes west.
The Development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Departments in the Song Dynasty According to Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival
Authors: Hu Yongjiu
Published: July 2022

Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records some lively medical scenes in the Song Dynasty, including the pediatrics clinic, the bone orthopedics clinic, and the exchanges of genuine regional drugs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). All these scenes together reveal that TCM is highly developed and the medical specialties are becoming increasingly precise and detailed.
Botany, Traditional Uses, and Pharmacology of Polygonati Rhizoma
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jing , Duan Ju-Feng , Liu Kai-Qi , Guo Ying-Ying , Wang Dong-Peng , Liu Ming , Zhao Dan , Li Bei , Li Hong-Liang , Wang Xuan-Bin
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Huang Jing (Symbol
Polygonati Rhizoma, PR) was first documented as a herbal medicine in Ming Yi Bie Lu (Symbol
Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians) in China. However, there was no comprehensive review on the botany, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects of PR till now. In this study, the botany, traditional uses including Taoist medicine, and pharmacological effects of PR were reviewed and summarized to provide insights on drug development of PR. In Taoist medicine, PR maintains agerasia and helps prolong human life-span, and is used for fasting (Bigu). In the Zhong Guo Yao Dian (Symbol
Chinese Pharmacopeia) version 2020, PR exerts replenishing qi and nourishing yin, invigorating the spleen, moistening the lung, and strengthening the kidney. Pharmacological studies show that PR has effects of anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, cardiomyocyte protection, immunomodulatory, and thus can be used for treatment of infertility, anti-microorganisms, and improving sleep and memory. In conclusion, PR may play a potential role for chronic disease management and health preservation and this very role deserves a more in-depth research.
Dendrobium nobile Lindl: A Review on Its Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects
Authors: Zhang Juan , Xu Hong-Xi , Zhao Zhi-Li , Xian Yan-Fang , Lin Zhi-Xiu
Published: July 2022

Dendrobium nobile Lindl (D. nobile), a well-known precious herb, has a long history of use as a medicine and health food in China. Phytochemically, D. nobile has been found to contain various bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, bibenzyl, phenanthrene, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides. Its medicinal applications are closely correlated to its diverse pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, nervous system protective, antifatigue, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of D. nobile, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms for its bioactivities. It is expected that this review will provide a helpful scientific reference for the development and use of D. nobile.
Development of blended learning model integrated nursing leadership training using web-based in Indonesia
Authors: Nuryani Siluh Nyoman Alit , Arnyana Ida Bagus Putu , Parwati Ni Nyoman , Dantes Gede Rasben , Juanamasta I. Gede
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Nurse managers are the frontline leaders in the ward that directly impact the quality of care services. Many nurse managers in Indonesia were inadequately prepared to fulfill this role, especially during this crisis. The objective was to develop blended learning an Integrated Nursing Leadership Training (INLeT) using web based and test the effectiveness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research is a research development using modified Borg and Gall by researcher, namely, Planning, Redesign, Intervention, Modify, and Evaluation. The INLET model was validated by nine experts in health and media technology design. Data were tested using quasi-experiment research in Sanglah General Hospital and Wangaya Public Hospital in Bali.

RESULTS:

The results of analysis of the content validity of all items valued V index 0.96 (high category) from design experts and V Index 0.92 (high category from health experts. The experiment group obtained N Gain scored 0.5603 at medium level, and the control group result of N Gain Score was 0.2845 in the low-level category. Using t-test, both the experiment and control group showed significant improvement of score test with P = 0.000 (P < 0.005). Bivariate analysis using independent t-test result P = 0.000 (P < 0.005) means significant difference score test compared between experiment and control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using the web, this blended learning INLeT Model is effectively applied for nurse manager professional development; therefore, this study can prepare nurse managers into a leadership role by integrating moodle web-based into nursing training.
Executive tasks and cognitive flexibility and their relationship to academic achievement among university students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Almutairi Jawzaa H. , Ahmed Abeer T.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The current study measured the executive tasks and cognitive flexibility and their relationship to the academic achievement of female students of the College of Education at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research is a descriptive quantitative design. The study sample included 200 female students using purposive sampling. The study applied a test of executive tasks, cognitive flexibility, and a scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for adults prepared by the researchers. Data were analyzed using several tests, namely descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation at the level of <0.05.

RESULTS:

The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the scores of students with attention deficit and hyperactivity on the executive tasks scale and its dimensions (planning, organization, purposeful action, self-monitoring, and total score), cognitive flexibility, and academic achievement, which necessitates the need to design empirical research to reduce the severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among undergraduate students because it will have a positive impact on their academic achievement.

CONCLUSION:

The researchers highlight the necessity for conducting empirical research to improve the executive tasks of students as it will have a positive impact on their lives.
Evaluation of the doctoral program in medical education of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on the CIPP model
Authors: Derakhshanfard Samira , Jokar Fariba , Ehsanpour Soheyla , Hadadgar Arash
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Continuous evaluation is necessary to achieve appropriate quality in educational programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the doctoral program of medical education at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on the CIPP model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This descriptive and educational evaluation study was conducted in 2020 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of all heads of department, faculty members, students, and PhD graduates of medical education from 2010 to 2020 who were enrolled in the study by census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of CIPP evaluation model which was used when validity and reliability of them were confirmed. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed in two levels of descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics one-sample t-test.

RESULTS:

Based on the CIPP model, the mean evaluation scores from the perspective of the heads of department, faculty members, and graduates were 4.1 ± 0.1, 3.64 ± 0.42, and 3.33 ± 0.66, respectively, which were significantly higher than the average (P ≤ 0.05). However, the mean evaluation score was not significantly higher than the average from the viewpoint of the students (3.24 ± 1.17).

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results of the study, the status of the doctoral course in medical education at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was assessed as appropriate by the subjects of the study including the heads of department, faculty members, and graduates. It was not, however, acceptable according to the students. Based on the results, it is suggested that evaluation be done continuously and measures are taken to correct the weaknesses and enhance the strengths.
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in a COVID-19-Positive Pregnant Patient – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kakkar Aanchal , Singh Priyanka , Kaur M. D. , Kumar Amit
Published: July 2022

In the present time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic, there are various systemic complications reported as its sequelae. We hereby report a rare presentation of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome as a neurological complication in a COVID-19-positive pregnant patient posted for emergency cesarean section.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on General Surgical Practice – An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suresh Sumedha , Gupta Bhavna , Kumar Ajit , Mohanta Jharana , Perween Ruby , Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The study aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical practice in a tertiary care setup in India and the future implications of the pandemic.

Methodology:

This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital. The case series consisted of a snapshot search of all operating theatre activity at AIIMS, Rishikesh between the 1st of March 2020, and 31st August 2020.

Observations:

A total of 790 patients were operated on in the first 6 months of the covid era while 5308 patients had undergone surgery in the 6 months preceding the onset of covid-19. In the precovid era, 73.71% of the cases were performed under General Anaesthesia while 62.6% of the cases were performed under general anaesthesia in the covid era. 18.83% of the cases in precovid era were performed under spinal anaesthesia and 3.5% under combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in the precovid era.

Conclusion:

This study has shown the extent to which general surgical practice was affected during the covid pandemic. With the lessons learnt during this period, we can implement a more robust plan in the eventuality of another pandemic and be more thoroughly prepared the next time around.
Dexmedetomidine and Emergency Front of Neck Access for Acute Stridor in Advanced Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Koul Neelakshi , Hariharan Uma , Kumar Amit , Yadav Nidhi , Nagpal Vijay Kumar
Published: July 2022

Supraglottic airway obstruction due to airway malignancy resulting in respiratory distress is a medical emergency requiring urgent re-establishment of airway patency, with tracheostomy to alleviate the stridor and threat to life. We report a 61-year-old male patient who presented with acute stridor, dyspnea, and a left-sided metastatic neck mass to the emergency room. The patient was rushed to the operation theater for emergency tracheostomy under monitored anesthesia care. We hereby discuss a successful surgical cricothyroidotomy, post failed emergency tracheostomy under dexmedetomidine infusion.
Comparison of pramipexole and citalopram in the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ziaei Ehsan , Emami Ardestani Parisa , Chitsaz Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Background:

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is little evidence to guide depression treatment in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare citalopram and pramipexole in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with PD.

Materials and Methods:

In the present 8-week randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of pramipexole versus citalopram in the treatment of depression in PD patients. For this purpose, 44 PD patients with depression randomly received open-label oral citalopram tablets or pramipexole and their depression, quality of life, and daytime sleepiness scores were evaluated at baseline and after the 8-week trial period.

Results:

The median age of the patients was 64 years, and about 85% of them were male in both groups. The Beck Depression Inventory score, Parkinson's disease summary index (PDSI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in both citalopram and pramipexole groups throughout this period and without significant difference (P > 0.05) between these two groups, except for PDSI score which showed significant improvement in pramipexole group compared with citalopram group (P < 0.0001, r = 0.319). There were neither serious adverse effects nor treatment discontinuation due to the adverse effects.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that both citalopram and pramipexole were effective in the alleviation of depression and improving the quality of life in PD patients; however, pramipexole was seemed to be slightly more beneficial on quality of life in these patients. Therefore, pramipexole seems to be an effective treatment for depression in addition to its benefits for motor symptoms of PD patients.
Effects of melatonin supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis under nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Bazyar Hadi , Zare Javid Ahmad , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Yousefimanesh Hojat Allah , Haghighi-Zadeh Mohammad Hosein
Published: July 2022

Background:

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin supplementation along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP).

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a double-blind clinical trial. Fifty diabetic patients with periodontitis were randomly allocated to control (n = 25) and intervention groups (n = 25). Two tablets of 250 mg melatonin (6 mg net melatonin) or placebo were received by the intervention or control groups once a day for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c), lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), anthropometric indices including weight, waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), and body mass index (BMI) were measured in patients at the beginning and end of the intervention.

Results:

Forty-four patients (22 patients in each group) completed the study. In the intervention group, a significant reduction was observed in HbA1c (P = 0.004), weight, BMI, WC, HC (all P < 0.001), DBP (P = 0.017), and SBP (P = 0.006). The high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly increased in the intervention group after the intervention (P = 0.007). Moreover, after the adjustment of confounding factors, the mean changes of HbA1c (mean difference: −1.30, confidence interval [CI]: −2.41–−0.19, P = 0.02), weight (mean difference: −3.90, CI: −5.30–2.50, P < 0.001), WC (mean difference: −1.37, CI: −2.19–−0.55, P = 0.002), BMI (mean difference: −1.41, CI: −1.92–−0.89, P < 0.001), HC (mean difference: −3.55, CI: −4.74–−2.35, P < 0.001), and SBP (mean difference: −1.24, CI: −2.41–−0.06, P = 0.03) improved significantly in the intervention group by comparison with the control group. No side effects were reported during the study.

Conclusion:

The adjunct therapy of NSPT and melatonin may be useful in controlling the glycemic index, lipid profile, BP, and weight in T2DM with CP.
Effects of Dietary Phenylalanine: Tyrosine Ratio on Growth, DNA/RNA, Serum Biochemistry, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Physiological Responses of Heteropneustes fossilis
Authors: Sayed Shabihul Fatma , Ahmed Imtiaz
Published: July 2022

Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) has high consumer demand due to its high iron and calcium contents. Also, being a lean fish, it is very suitable for people who do not prefer to consume animal fats. In view of its nutritional and therapeutic significance and lack of data on dietary phenylalanine: tyrosine ratio, a dose-response experiment was conducted to determine phe: tyr ratio for H. fossilis fry (4.1±0.3g). Six isonitrogenous (380 g/kg crude protein) and isocaloric (15.3 kJ/g digestible energy) amino acid test diets were prepared by adjusting 26.6 g/kg of total phenylalanine and tyrosine in varying ratios of phenylalanine/tyrosine (30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20) on molar basis. Quadruplicate groups of fishes were fed with diets indicated for 12-weeks to apparent satiation, thrice daily. Mathematical analyses of Daily Growth Coefficient (DGC%), Specific Growth Rate (SGR%/day), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility (EOF) as quadratic-broken line regression analyses, exhibited optimum dietary phenylalanine: tyrosine ratio of 64.94: 35.06 corresponding to 15.83 g/kg: 8.55 g/kg on equimolar basis. Data of this study would be of high significance to ensure that optimum phenylalanine and tyrosine ratio of fish is met while using a greater variety of cost-effective dietary protein feedstuffs for sustainable aquafarming of this fish.
Salinicoccus hispanicus (OL638305), a potential probiotic isolated from Saline Tilapia Greenwater, exhibits Vibrio parahaemolyticus killing activity and prevents acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Mameloco Emelyn Joy , Cadiz Rowena , Traifalgar Rex Ferdinand
Published: July 2022

The present study investigates the probiotic potential and inhibitory activity of Salinicoccus hispanicus, isolated from saline tilapia culture water, against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Results showed that the isolate is not pathogenic to Penaeus vannamei when administered orally at a dose of 106 cfu g-1 diet. Dietary supplementation for 45 days did not affect growth, reduced the gut content of V. parahaemolyticus to about five-folds and protected the shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection following a pathogen challenge test. Supplementation of S. hispanicus at 106 cfu g-1 diet can inhibit V. parahaemolyticus gut colonization and protects P. vannamei against this pathogen.
Histopathological Alterations in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Banded Gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) Exposed to Thiamethoxam
Authors: Hasan Md. Mohibul , Uddin Md. Helal , Islam Md. Jakiul , Biswas Shema , Sumon Kizar Ahmed , Prodhan Mohammad Dalower Hossain , Rashid Harunur
Published: July 2022

Thiamethoxam is a broad-spectrum pesticide used in Bangladesh to protect crops from pests. In several ways, this pesticide ends up in aquatic ecosystems. Researchers have detected its existence in waterbodies. However, the harmful effects on non-target aquatic residents are not well studied and reported. As a result, the study sought to investigate the effect of thiamethoxam on the liver and kidney tissues of banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) using histopathological observations. Fish were exposed to five sub-lethal concentrations (in triplicates) of thiamethoxam (9.37, 18.75, 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/L) and 0 mg/L (control) for 90 days. Fish livers and kidneys were sampled on days 30, 60, and 90 of thiamethoxam exposure. The histopathological changes observed in thiamethoxam exposed fish were autolysis, acute cellular swelling, vacuolation, necrosis, and fatty change in the liver, whereas irregular renal corpuscle and cellular degradation of tissue were also observed in the kidney. The present study reveals that thiamethoxam can affect the livers and kidneys of Banded Gourami; therefore, the usage of this insecticide in agriculture should be applied carefully and monitored to avoid entry into water bodies.
Visual LAMP Method for Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp and Crayfish
Authors: Ma Chao , Tian Zhuo , Bai Lu , Yang Lili , Cao Jijuan
Published: July 2022

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused large economic losses to the aquaculture industry, and thus far there are no efficient therapeutic treatments available against this lethal virus. Therefore, rapid detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp is crucial. This study was conducted to establish a rapid visual detection method for WSSV in shrimp and on the basis of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The color change of the amplification products was observed using a fluorescence amplification curve (with the SYTO-9 fluorescent dye) and LAMP visualization (with calcein), and the method`s specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility were analyzed. It showed that this method can specifically detect WSSV, with a detection sensitivity of 1 fg/μL and has good reproducibility and reliability. This method was used to analyze cultured shrimp and crayfish samples; among 329 suspected clinical samples, the positive diagnostic rate of WSSV was 27.96%. The infection activity of WSSV was the highest at temperatures of 20–26°C. The LAMP-based method for rapid visual detection of WSSV does not need complex experimental instruments, and an equipment with a stable heat source is sufficient for the reaction. It is easy to use and can be used at shrimp breeding sites.
Aleviness, Music, and Hospitality
Authors: Bjelica Maja
Published: July 2022

The paper examines urban Alevi traditional culture in Turkey as a possible example of an ethics of hospitality, drawing mainly from Alevi teachings and musical heritage. Through an examination of the lyrics of selected Alevi sacred songs the author presents various accounts of hospitality that are integral to Aleviness.
Can Social Media Replace a Suspended Rite?
Authors: Caruso Fulvia
Published: July 2022

In 2020 and 2021, the restrictions imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic suspended or limited important rites and the web became the place to fill the void. In March 2020, I started to conduct virtual fieldwork on this development from the perspective of what happened to the pilgrimage to the Holy Trinity of Vallepietra (Central Italy).
Arthur Rimbaud et l’expressionnisme dramatique
Authors: Ziółkowski Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Arthur Rimbaud and Dramatic Expressionism

The aim of this paper is to analyse some characteristics of the art of poetry by Rimbaud in the context of dramatic expressionism. The expressionist movement seems in fact to have inherited some concepts and motifs from the new aesthetic introduced by Rimbaud (poetic language revolution, a very personal vision of art where all the elements of the fictional world seem subordinated to fluctuations of the author’s psyche, subjectivism which abolishes the rules of the Aristotle’s mimesis, etc.). This new analytic perspective is particularly interesting because we can easily find realisation of the Rimbaudian vision of the new art of poetry in some pieces by such expressionist dramatic authors as Strindberg, Lenormand or Pellerin.
On the issue of the concept of "subjects of financial legal support of forensic activities in the Russian Federation"
Authors: Ручкина Г.Ф. , Павликов С.Г.
Published: July 2022

АНАЛИЗ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА, КОТОРОЕ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ИССЛЕДУЕМОЙ ТЕМАТИКИ НОСИТ ФРАГМЕНТАРНЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР, НЕ РЕГУЛИРУЕТ В ПОЛНОМ ОБЪЕМЕ ВЕСЬ КОМПЛЕКС ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ, А ТАКЖЕ ИНЫХ ЭКСПЕРТНЫХ СТРУКТУР, ТАКОГО СТАТУСА НЕ ИМЕЮЩИХ, ПОЗВОЛИЛ АВТОРАМ СТАТЬИ ВЫДЕЛИТЬ ТРИ НАИБОЛЕЕ КРУПНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМА ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СУДЕБНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИХ СУБЪЕКТОВ. ОСНОВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ФИНАНСОВОГО ПРАВОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СУДЕБНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АВТОРЫ СВЯЗЫВАЮТ С ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЕЙ СТАТУСА РЯДА СТРУКТУР, ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ КОЛОССАЛЬНЫМ ОПЫТОМ В ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ. В ЭТОМ ПЛАНЕ ОБОСНОВАННЫМ ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЕТСЯ ДОПОЛНИТЬ СТ. 11 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНА ОТ 31.05.2001 № 73-ФЗ «О ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СУДЕБНО-ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ» УКАЗАНИЕМ НА ТО, ЧТО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫМИ СУДЕБНО-ЭКСПЕРТНЫМИ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ ЯВЛЯЮТСЯ ТАКЖЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ, ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ КОТОРЫХ УСТАНОВЛЕН РАСПОРЯЖЕНИЕМ ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВА РФ.

ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION, WHICH IS FRAGMENTAL IN RELATION TO THE SUBJECT OF THE STUDY, DOES NOT FULLY REGULATE THE ENTIRE COMPLEX OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RELATED TO THE FINANCING OF STATE EXPERT INSTITUTIONS AND OTHEREXPERT STRUCTURES, THAT DO NOT HAVE SUCH STATUS, ALLOWED THE AUTHORSARTICLES TO SELECT THE THREE MOST LARGEST MECHANISMS OF FINANCIAL AND LEGAL SUPPORT OF JUDICIAL EXPERT ACTIVITIES AND RELATED SUBJECTS. MAIN DIRECTION OF OPTIMIZATION OF FINANCIAL LEGAL SUPPORT OF JUDICIAL EXPERT ACTIVITYTHE AUTHORS ASSOCIATE WITH THE STATUS TRANSFORMATION A NUMBER OF STRUCTURES THAT HAVE ENORMOUS EXPERIENCE IN EXPERT ACTIVITIES. IN THIS PLAN, IT IS REASONABLE TO SUPPLEMENT ART. elevenOF THE FEDERAL LAW DATED 31.05.2001 No. 73-FZ “ON THE STATEOF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION INDICATION THAT THE STATE FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS ARE ALSO SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS AND EDUCATIONALORGANIZATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, THE LIST OF WHICH IS ESTABLISHEDORDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.
Legal basis for the activities of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy of the Algerian People's Democratic Republic, composition and procedure for its functioning
Authors: Соловьёв А.А.
Published: July 2022

ПРОДОЛЖАЯ СЕРИЮ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ, ПОСВЯЩЕННЫХ ВЫСШЕМУ СОВЕТУ МАГИСТРАТУРЫ АЛЖИРСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ, АВТОР РАССМАТРИВАЕТ ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ЕГО ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ. В СТАТЬЕ АНАЛИЗИРУЮТСЯ НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ПРАВОВЫЕ АКТЫ, РЕГЛАМЕНТИРУЮЩИЕ ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ СОВЕТА КАК ОРГАНА, НАДЕЛЕННОГО ОСОБЫМ КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫМ СТАТУСОМ. АВТОР ТАКЖЕ ДАЕТ КРАТКУЮ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКУ СОСТАВУ СОВЕТА И РАССМАТРИВАЕТ ПОРЯДОК ЕГО ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ.

CONTINUED THE SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS DEVOTED TO THE HIGH COUNCIL OF MASTER STUDIES OF THE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC ALGERIA, THE AUTHOR CONSIDERS THE LEGAL BASES OF ITS ACTIVITIES. THE ARTICLE ANALYZES THE NORMATIVE LEGAL ACTS THAT REGULATE THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE COUNCIL AS A BODY ENDOWED WITH A SPECIAL CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS. THE AUTHOR ALSO GIVES A BRIEF CHARACTERISTIC OF THE COUNCIL'S COMPOSITION AND CONSIDERS THE ORDER OF ITS FUNCTIONING.
Comparator automata in quantitative verification
Authors: Bansal Suguman , Chaudhuri Swarat , Vardi Moshe Y.
Published: July 2022

The notion of comparison between system runs is fundamental in formal
verification. This concept is implicitly present in the verification of
qualitative systems, and is more pronounced in the verification of quantitative
systems. In this work, we identify a novel mode of comparison in quantitative
systems: the online comparison of the aggregate values of two sequences of
quantitative weights. This notion is embodied by comparator automata
(comparators, in short), a new class of automata that read two infinite
sequences of weights synchronously and relate their aggregate values.
We show that aggregate functions that can be represented with B\"uchi
automaton result in comparators that are finite-state and accept by the B\"uchi
condition as well. Such $\omega$-regular comparators further lead to generic
algorithms for a number of well-studied problems, including the quantitative
inclusion and winning strategies in quantitative graph games with incomplete
information, as well as related non-decision problems, such as obtaining a
finite representation of all counterexamples in the quantitative inclusion
problem.
We study comparators for two aggregate functions: discounted-sum and
limit-average. We prove that the discounted-sum comparator is $\omega$-regular
iff the discount-factor is an integer. Not every aggregate function, however,
has an $\omega$-regular comparator. Specifically, we show that the language of
sequence-pairs for which limit-average aggregates exist is neither
$\omega$-regular nor $\omega$-context-free. Given this result, we introduce the
notion of prefix-average as a relaxation of limit-average aggregation, and show
that it admits $\omega$-context-free comparators i.e. comparator automata
expressed by B\"uchi pushdown automata.
Investigation of the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol in clinical Candida isolates and imaging by immunoelectron microscopic method
Authors: YENİCE GÜRSU Bükay
Published: July 2022

Candida species can cause superficial and systemic disease and their biofilms have become an important problem for both hospital-acquired and device-associated infections. The efficacy of many antifungal agents are limited by their cytotoxicity and increasing rate of drug-resistant. In last years, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of some natural products such as essential oils have drawn attention. Carvacrol [2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)phenol] is one of the phenolic components of thyme and have strong antimicrobial activity. Thus far, limited reports have discussed the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol on clinical Candida strains. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of carvacrol on clinical Candida isolates by microbiological and transmission electronmicroscopic methods and to investigate the effects of carvacrol on the fungal cell wall by immunoelectron microscopic method using the hyphal wall protein Hwp1 protein. In this study, 24 clinical isolates and 1 reference strain (C. albicans ATCC 14053) were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carvacrol was determined using the broth microdilution method. MIC results showed a MIC ⩽ 0.031% (vol/vol) for all isolates tested. For transmission electron microscopic studies, isolates were also exposured to the carvacrol at concentration of 1⁄2 MIC for 48 hours and results were compared with the control. According to our results, carvacrol showed high antifungal potential with very low MIC values on Candida isolates. Electron microscopically, no growth was observed at the MIC value and the higher concentrations; cellular damage was also determined at sub MIC concentrations. It has been shown that carvacrol causes irreversible damage to cells. We observed that carvacrol did not increase cell growth or hyphal growth at all studied concentrations. The immunogold labeling results were used to observe the effect of carvacrol on the cell wall. Although immune labeling was greatly reduced in carvacrol treated cells, the presence of Hwp1 protein was also observed in the scattered cytoplasm. Usage of carvacrol in the topical treatment of Candida infections with further study it was determined that a potentially promising drug and detailed studies on the subject are needed.
Tres grandes enigmas de los sesgos cognitivos
Authors: HERNANDEZ CHAVEZ PAOLA , García-Campos Jonatan , Sarabia-López Saúl
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo ofrecemos un panorama al estudio de los sesgos. El creciente interés en ellos durante las últimas décadas radica en que estudiarlos implica hablar de cómo los seres humanos razonamos y emitimos juicios, e igualmente sobre los mecanismos y procesos que subyacen a tales capacidades, esto incluye entender cuándo y por qué frecuentemente nos equivocamos, como lo indica buena parte de la literatura en psicología cognitiva del razonamiento.

 

Dada la existencia de los sesgos, han surgido posturas pesimistas que sostienen que los sesgos muestran que los humanos son irracionales. Frente a estas, la literatura reciente ofrece visiones mas optimistas, y aduce que los sesgos pueden “desaparecer” si se tienen en consideración diferentes aspectos de tipo evolutivo. Otra postura es aquella que sostienen que la supervivencia humana no yace en la inteligencia individual sino en la colectiva. Es decir, que podemos dejar de confiar exclusivamente en el contenido de nuestra mente y en su lugar resolver los problemas colectivamente, gracias a la división de las tareas cognitivas.

 

Para organizar la exposición dividimos el trabajo en tres enigmas de los sesgos cognitivos. El primero consiste en una discusión sobre el origen de los sesgos. El segundo concierne a su clasificación e inventarios. El tercer enigma versa sobre la unidad de análisis de la cognición humana, a saber, inteligencia individual versus inteligencia colectiva. Con estos enigmas queremos poner de manifiesto el abanico de discusiones que giran alrededor de los sesgos, sus problemas, así como la creciente fascinación por entenderlos. Estudiar los sesgos abona a la comprensión de cómo razonamos o pensamos, y esto nos ayuda a mejorar nuestro pensamiento crítico.
HEAVY METALS EVALUATION AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOUR BRANDS OF NIGERIAN PORTLAND CEMENT SOLD IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors: Feka D.P. , Jekada J.Z. , Galadima J.D. , Mairiga A.A. , Bukar P.H. , Ebere A. , Dadah J. S. , Adia S. D. , Bammai M.Y.
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the concentration of some select heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Co) in four cement samples, Bu, Da, Ak and Sk and assessed their health risks to potential users. Samples were collected from Samaru market, Zaria; and processed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method, following acid (aqua reggia) digestion. Fe reported highest concentration (542.99 mg/kg) in sample Ak, while Zn gave the lowest concentration value (1.016 mg/kg) as detected in Da). Cd concentration ranked in the order Da ˃ Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Bu; Cu ranked Da ˃ Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Bu; Fe ranked Ak ˃ Da ˃ Sk ˃ Bu; Pb ranked Da ˃ Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Bu; Zn ranked Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Bu ˃ Da; Ni ranked Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Da ˃ Bu; Mn ranked Sk ˃ Ak ˃ Da ˃ Bu and Co ranked Ak ˃ Sk ˃ Da ˃ Bu. Human risk assessment arising from exposure to heavy metals was validated from the result by estimating daily heavy metal intake and then computing the cancer and non-cancer risks (ILCR and THQ). Hazard Quotient HQ) and Health Index (HI) for adult and children exposure pathways was also determined. Metals under consideration were found to be below the threshold limit (10-6-10-4) and similar result was recorded for the cumulative cancer risk (ΣILCR) of the studied Portland cement. Metal content in all samples in the immediate does not pose cancer or non-cancer risks.
LEVELS, ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS FROM SITES NEIGHBORING PETROL STATIONS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Kadili J. A. , Eneji I. S. , Itodo A. U. , Sha’Ato R.
Published: July 2022

Soil pollution caused by heavy metals has become the subject of many research. This is because heavy metals are highly toxic, ubiquitous and bio-accumulates. This study was carried out to investigate the levels of heavy metal pollution in soils around petrol stations within three major towns in Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 - 30 cm between the months of September and October, 2020 and subjected to elemental analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The total concentrations of the studied metals varied between 0.0102 - 0.0743 mg/kg Cd; 0.009 - 0.0439 mg/kg Cr; 0.0002 - 0.0099 mg/kg Pb; 4.99 - 28.1 mg/kg Cu and 168 – 677 mg/kg Fe. The mean concentrations of the detected metals - Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Fe in the study area varied thus: 0.0391, 0.0241, 0.00552, 16.9 and 388 mg/kg respectively. The decreasing trend of heavy metals in all the sample locations was in the order of: Fe > Cu > Cd > Cr > Pb. Ecological/human health risk assessment tools such as Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Enrichment factor (EF) were employed to ascertain soil health status in the area. Results reveals low level of soil pollution with Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe and moderate pollution with Cu, while metal enrichment factor shows extremely high enrichment of Cd and Cu. Correlation study reveals strong positive relationship among Cd/Cr (r = 0.835), Cd/Cu (r = 0.699) and Cu/Cr (r = 0.859) at 5 % level of significance, indicating that soil contamination by the metals originated from a common anthropogenic sources such as different activities within the petrol stations including fuel spills, combustion of fossil fuel, leakage of underground tanks and pipes, wear and tear of vehicle tyres, engine parts and brake shoes as well as emissions from agricultural areas in proximity to the petrol stations. Since some of these metals are toxic even at low concentrations, it is therefore, recommended that the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) and other regulatory agencies frequently monitor the levels of these pollutants within the area and also ensure strict adherence to guidelines by petrol stations owners during sitting and operations to ensure a healthy environment.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVELS OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN RIVER KAFIN HAUSA, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Yusuf S. , Saidu U. , Busari A.
Published: July 2022

The levels of some heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr) in water samples from 36 sites on river Kafin Hausa were determined. The water samples were digested with 5 cm3 of concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid at 85 0C for 2 hours on a hot plate and the metal levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The following values were obtained for the metals, Cu (0.182±0.001 to 1.45± 0.0 mg/L), Pb (0.0909±0.001 to 2.73 ±0.002 mg/L), Cd (0.10±0.0033 to 2.40±0.0001) mg/L), Cr (0.0714 to 1.14 mg/L). The levels of Pb, Cd and Cr exceeded the recommended limit set by WHO. The water is therefore not suitable for drinking and cooking of food.
ANALYSIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF SOME SYNTHESIZED ORGANOTIN (IV) COMPLEXES OF HEXANEDIOIC ACID
Authors: Iornumbe E. N. , Iortyom S. D. , Amua Q. M. , Iorungwa M.S. , Chia M.
Published: July 2022

Organotin compounds find a wide range of technological, agricultural, and industrial applications. In this research three organotin (IV) complexes were synthesized of the type Ph3SnL, Ph2SnL2, and Bu2SnL2 with the ligand L; (HOOC(CH2)4COOK). The ligand was prepared by reacting hexanedioic acid with KOH while complexes were synthesized by reacting L with Ph3SnOH, Ph2SnO, and Bu2SnO separately in methanol-propanol solvents. These compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci, three Gram-negative Bacteria: Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acetobacter sp and seven fungi strains: Aspergillus nigre, Aspergillus flavus, Monascus ruber, Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Rhizopus sp, and Fomitopsis pinicola. Three standard drugs: ciprofloxacin, fulcin, and ketoconazole were used at the concentration of 10 μg/mL as control drugs. Results showed that compounds synthesized in general exhibited significant antimicrobial activity higher than the ligand with inhibition zones ranging from 20 – 33 mm at the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) range from 12.50 – 50 μg/mL and 50 – 200 μg/mL, respectively. The order for the antibacterial and antifungal activity in this study was Ph3SnL Ph2SnL2 > Bu2SnL2> L. Organotin moieties play a vital role in deciding the antimicrobial activity of an organotin compound; this is true in this work.
EFFECTS OF POWDERED Khaya ivorensis [HEARTWOOD] ON SOME PROPERTIES OF COAL BRIQUETTE
Authors: Onuegbu T. U. , Okoye P. A.C. , Okakpu O. J. , Nwankwo C. I. , Igwenagu P.C.
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% load of powdered Khaya ivorensis [heartwood] on proximate analysis, elemental analysis and calorific value of coal briquette and the results were compared with that of blank samples. Ignition and combustion properties were determined using standard methods. The results for pulverized coal and powdered Khaya ivorensis showed moisture content (%) 6.8 and 12.3: ash content (%) 16.8 and 1.73: volatile matter (%) 54.70 and 82.12: fixed carbon (%) 21.7 and 3.85: calorific value (kJ/kg) 19765.55 and 16084.44 and bulk density (g/cm2) 0.83 and 0.20 respectively. The results showed the presence of SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, Cr2 O3, Fe2O3 in the coal and Khaya ivorensis. The results of briquette analyses showed that porosity index, moisture content(%), volatile matter(%) increased with increase in mass load. The density (g/cm3), ash content (%), sulphur content(%) and ignition time (sec)decreased with increase in mass load while there is variation in compressive strength (N/mm2), calorific value, burning rate (kg/s) and thermal efficiency (%) as mass load increases. It was observed from the results that powdered Khaya ivorensis [heartwood] enhanced the properties of coal briquette.