bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sadin, E. La humanidad aumentada: La administración digital del mundo. 160 págs. Buenos Aires , 2018: Editorial Caja negra.
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Pizarro Contreras Roberto Plácido
Published: October 2021

Reseña del libro "La Humanidad Aumentada: La administración digital del mundo", del filósofo francés y Premio Hub al mejor ensayo sobre lo digital, Éric Sadin
Alberto Bernabé. Platón y el orfismo: diálogos entre religión y filosofía. 394 PP. Madrid, 2011: Abada Editores.
Authors: Palisson Cristóbal
Published: October 2021

Reseña sobre el libro Platón y el orfismo: diálogos entre religión y filosofía del académico Alberto Bernabé
La lógica bajo observación
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, Campos Benítez Juan Manuel
Published: October 2021

La historia de la lógica nos muestra que ha habido críticas a la lógica y que estas han adoptado varias formas. Partiendo de la distinción entre lógica utens y lógica docens mostramos algunas de ellas, ya sea de la primera a la segunda o viceversa. Ubicando a la lógica como parte del antiguo trivium, constituido por la Gramática, la Dialéctica y la Retórica, podremos entender mejor esas críticas. El trivium puede entenderse también desde la Semiótica. Mostramos algunos ejemplos que nos ayudarán a comprender mejor las polémicas contemporáneas.
Aporías, Realismo y Objetividad: Una Nueva Perspectiva de Fundamentación Epistemológica en torno a La Ciencia Primera aristotélica
Authors:   Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, Tucumán, Argentina, Sochting Julio
Published: October 2021

Desde la década de los 60’s hasta la actualidad, las aporías aristotélicas han ocupado un lugar preponderante en la cuestión de la naturaleza epistemológica de la ciencia primera. Los autores varían desde una interpretación puramente dialéctica de las aporías a una interpretación adquisitiva de conocimiento. El presente artículo intenta mostrar la existencia de aporías objetivas, es decir, adquisitivas de conocimiento. Estas aporías están basadas en una teoría de la objetividad aristotélica que, superando la teoría de la contrariedad platónica, se expresa en su teoría de la contradicción, que funda la relación entre realidad y conocimiento en los distintos niveles de la estructura metafísica y lógica de la realidad: semántica, proposicional e inferencial. De este modo, las aporías objetivas son aquellas que expresan la determinación del objeto como sustancia y, desde ella, una posibilidad de conciliar el método diaporemático con el realismo epistemológico aristotélico.
Three’s Company: China and Taiwan Vying for Mandarin Education in India
Authors: Lien Donald , Tang Peilan
Published: October 2021

With decades of stupendous growth and political détente between India and China, Mandarin has become an important human capital for Indians. India clearly shows a preference of Taiwan over China, when mediated between them for different Mandarin resources, even before the epidemic and Sino-India border conflicts. Recently, there have been suggestions to replace Confucius Institutes with Taiwanese institutions, and Taiwan has urged for strengthening cooperation with India in Mandarin education. This paper aims to discuss the feasibility for Taiwan Education Centre to monopolize the Mandarin education market of India. Through data collection and detailed analysis of literature by scholars of Taiwan, China and India, this paper argues that Taiwan alone is incapable of occupying the whole Indian market due to the inadequacy of Mandarin teaching resources and complex tripartite political relations. Moreover, the current trilateral strategies adopted by China, India and Taiwan dissuade the common interests. We propose a customization, cooperation and supervision model to advance Mandarin education in India, and further analyze the feasibility and potential resistance towards the cooperation. This paper is helpful to understanding the Chinese teaching situation in India. It addresses a timely question and offers possible resolution not only to India but also to other countries who are skeptical of Confucius Institutes.
Efficacy of Herbicides for Weed Control in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Choube K. , Raidas D. K. , Jadav M. L. , Kirar N. S.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 at Horticulture farm, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.) to study the effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of cauliflower. The treatments namely - T1- Weedy check (control), T2- Weed free (through hand weeding) at 30 & 60 DAT, T3 -Pendimethalin 30% EC (PE) + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, T4 Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC (PE) + one hand weeding at 30 DAT, T5 - Propaquizafop 10% EC (POE) + one hand weeding at 60 DAT, T6 -Wheat straw mulch 5kg/plot, T7- Black plastic mulch (150 mm) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. Results indicated that the there was no weed under T7 -black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages. The maximum weed control efficiency (98%) was found with the treatment T7 - black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages i.e. at 30, 60 and 90 DAT. The minimum weed index (0.00, 0.00 and 0.00%) was found with the treatment T7 (Black plastic mulch (150 mm) at all the stages. The maximum curd length, curd width, total curd weight (g) and curd yield (q ha-1) was recorded T7- black plastic mulch (150 mm) with the maximum net return (Rs. 75772.58 per ha).While the lowest net return was found under T1 (Weedy check) (Rs. 21405.34 per ha) treatment. The maximum B: C ratio (1:4.0) was recorded in case of treatment T3 [Pendimethalin 30% EC (PE) + 1HW at 30 DAT].
Photooxidation of Heavy Crude Oil Spilled in Tropical Soil
Authors: Etini Etefia , Odokuma L. O.
Published: October 2021

Photooxidation was an important weathering process for spilled oil at the on tropical soil following a heavy crude oil spill, leading to the rapid formation of polar or oxygenated hydrocarbons, little is known photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons in soils. This study described the effect of solar radiation on heavy crude oil contaminated tropical soil. Physicochemical parameter of heavy crude oil showed the following values; API was 21.9, which was within the range of heavy crude oil, the density of the heavy crude was 0.8952 g/cm3. We examined the effect of ultraviolet light on crude oil using gas chromatography method for day 0, 14, 28 and 42. The results show a remarkable reduction in the total petroleum hydrocarbon [4664.56 mg/l to 1548.85 mg/kg] and poly aromatic hydrocarbon content of heavy crude oil [37.44 mg/kg to 2.12 mg/kg] from day zero to day 42. The saturated compounds was resistant, but the aromatic compounds were particularly sensitive to photo oxidation. This study provides quantitative measures of oil degradation under relevant field conditions, and improves our understanding of the role of sunlight on the fate of spilled oil on natural soil biota.
Small extracellular vesicles from malignant ascites of patients with advanced ovarian cancer provide insights into the dynamics of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Bortot Barbara , Apollonio Maura , Rampazzo Enrico , Valle Francesco , Brucale Marco , Ridolfi Andrea , Ura Blendi , Addobbati Riccardo , Di Lorenzo Giovanni , Romano Federico , Buonomo Francesca , Ripepi Chiara , Ricci Giuseppe , Biffi Stefania
Published: October 2021

The exact role of malignant ascites in the development of intraperitoneal metastases remains unclear, and the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) promote tumor progression in the pre‐metastatic niche have not been fully discovered. In this study, we characterized ascites from high‐grade epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Small‐EVs (30–150 nm) were isolated from two sources—the bulk ascites and the ascitic fluid‐derived tumor cell cultures—and assessed with a combination of imaging, proteomic profiling, and protein expression analyses. In addition, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis were performed using different databases and bioinformatic tools. The results proved that the small‐EVs derived from the two sources exhibited significantly different stiffness and size distributions. The bulk ascitic fluid‐derived small‐EVs were predominantly involved in the complement and coagulation cascade. Small‐EVs derived from ascites cell cultures contained a robust proteomic profile of extracellular matrix remodeling regulators, and we observed an increase in transforming growth factor‐β‐I (TGFβI), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), and fibronectin expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. When measured in the two sources, we demonstrated that fibronectin exhibited opposite expression patterns in small‐EVs in response to chemotherapy. These findings highlight the importance of an ascites cell isolation workflow in investigating the treatment‐induced cancer adaption processes.
Natural language processing and machine learning to assist radiation oncology incident learning
Authors: Mathew Felix , Wang Hui , Montgomery Logan , Kildea John
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To develop a Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) pipeline that can be integrated into an Incident Learning System (ILS) to assist radiation oncology incident learning by semi‐automating incident classification. Our goal was to develop ML models that can generate label recommendations, arranged according to their likelihoods, for three data elements in Canadian NSIR‐RT taxonomy.

Methods

Over 6000 incident reports were gathered from the Canadian national ILS as well as our local ILS database. Incident descriptions from these reports were processed using various NLP techniques. The processed data with the expert‐generated labels were used to train and evaluate over 500 multi‐output ML algorithms. The top three models were identified and tuned for each of three different taxonomy data elements, namely: (1) process step where the incident occurred, (2) problem type of the incident and (3) the contributing factors of the incident. The best‐performing model after tuning was identified for each data element and tested on unseen data.

Results

The MultiOutputRegressor extended Linear SVR models performed best on the three data elements. On testing, our models ranked the most appropriate label 1.48 ± 0.03, 1.73 ± 0.05 and 2.66 ± 0.08 for process‐step, problem‐type and contributing factors respectively.

Conclusions

We developed NLP‐ML models that can perform incident classification. These models will be integrated into our ILS to generate a drop‐down menu. This semi‐automated feature has the potential to improve the usability, accuracy and efficiency of our radiation oncology ILS.
Effect of equalization filters on measurements with kerma‐area product meter in a cardiovascular angiography system
Authors: Ichikawa Nao , Fukuda Atsushi , Hayashi Takuma , Matsubara Kosuke
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of equalization filters (EFs) on the kerma‐area product () and incident air‐kerma () using a kerma‐area product (KAP) meter. In addition, potential underestimations of thevalues by EFs were identified.

Materials and methods

A portable flat‐panel detector (FPD) was placed to measure the X‐ray beam area (A) and EFs dimension at patient entrance reference point (PERP). Afterward, a 6‐cm3external ionization chamber was placed to measure incident air‐kerma () at PERP instead of the portable FPD. KAP reading andwere simultaneously measured at several X‐ray beam qualities with and without EFs. The X‐ray beam quality correction factor by KAP meter () was calculated byA,and KAP reading to acquire theand. Upon completion of the measurements,,, andwere plotted as functions of tube potential, spectral filter, and EFs dimension. Moreover,values were calculated to evaluate theunderestimation.

Results

Thevalues increased with an increase in the X‐ray tube potential and spectral filter, and the maximumwas 1.18.anddecreased as functions of EFs dimension, whereaswas almost constant.decreased with an increase in EFs dimension but increased with an increase in tube potential and spectral filter, and the range was 0.55–1.01.

Conclusions

value was up to approximately two times lower than thevalues by EFs. When using thevalue, the potentialunderestimation with EFs should be considered.
Bioresponsive, Electroactive, and Inkjet‐Printable Graphene‐Based Inks
Authors: Silvestri Alessandro , Criado Alejandro , Poletti Fabrizio , Wang Faxing , Fanjul‐Bolado Pablo , González‐García María B. , García‐Astrain Clara , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Feng Xinliang , Zanardi Chiara , Prato Maurizio
Published: October 2021

With the advent of flexible electronics, the old fashioned and conventional solid‐state technology will be replaced by conductive inks combined with low‐cost printing techniques. Graphene is an ideal candidate to produce conductive inks, due to its excellent conductivity and zero bandgap. The possibility to chemically modify graphene with active molecules opens up the field of responsive conductive inks. Herein, a bioresponsive, electroactive, and inkjet‐printable graphene ink is presented. The ink is based on graphene chemically modified with selected enzymes and an electrochemical mediator, to transduce the products of the enzymatic reaction into an electron flow, proportional to the analyte concentration. A water‐based formulation is engineered to be respectful with the enzymatic activity while matching the stringent requirements of inkjet printing. The efficient electrochemical performance of the ink, as well as a proof‐of‐concept application in biosensing, is demonstrated. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by modifying graphene with various oxidoreductases, obtaining inks with selectivity toward glucose, lactate, methanol, and ethanol.
Endowing AIE with Extraordinary Potential: A New Au(I)‐Containing AIEgen for Bimodal Bioimaging‐Guided Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zou Hang , Gan Shifeng , He Benzhao , Huang Jacob C. , Peng Chen , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Zheng Lei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2021

The development of high‐performance theranostic platforms is always an intractable challenge in modern medicine research. Herein, new luminescent materials that possess the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and deep tumor‐penetrating imaging as well as multimodal synergistic therapeutic functions may be one of the best potential alternatives for efficient theranostics. In this work, a powerful Au(I)‐containing aggregation‐induce emission luminogen (AIEgen) with integrated multifunctions of bimodal imaging and multimodal combination therapy is developed. This simple small‐molecule system can simultaneously realize high‐contrast fluorescence imaging and computed tomography imaging. Additionally, it can act as an effective thioredoxin reductase inhibitor to exert inherent anticancer effect, and simultaneously work as an ideal radiosensitizer to produce efficient anticancer efficacy through a multimodal synergistic effect. Thus, this study highlights a new design guideline to endow AIE luminogens with extraordinary functions by Au(I) and opens a new avenue for the development of new luminescent theranostic systems.
An Outer Membrane Vesicle‐Based Permeation Assay (OMPA) for Assessing Bacterial Bioavailability
Authors: Richter Robert , Kamal Mohamed A. M. , Koch Marcus , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Huber Anna‐Lena , Goes Adriely , Volz Carsten , Vergalli Julia , Kraus Tobias , Müller Rolf , Schneider‐Daum Nicole , Fuhrmann Gregor , Pagès Jean‐Marie , Lehr Claus‐Michael
Published: October 2021

When searching for new antibiotics against Gram‐negative bacterial infections, a better understanding of the permeability across the cell envelope and tools to discriminate high from low bacterial bioavailability compounds are urgently needed. Inspired by the phospholipid vesicle‐based permeation assay (PVPA), which is designed to predict non‐facilitated permeation across phospholipid membranes, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli either enriched or deficient of porins are employed to coat filter supports for predicting drug uptake across the complex cell envelope. OMVs and the obtained in vitro model are structurally and functionally characterized using cryo‐TEM, SEM, CLSM, SAXS, and light scattering techniques. In vitro permeability, obtained from the membrane model for a set of nine antibiotics, correlates with reported in bacterio accumulation data and allows to discriminate high from low accumulating antibiotics. In contrast, the correlation of the same data set generated by liposome‐based comparator membranes is poor. This better correlation of the OMV‐derived membranes points to the importance of hydrophilic membrane components, such as lipopolysaccharides and porins, since those features are lacking in liposomal comparator membranes. This approach can offer in the future a high throughput screening tool with high predictive capacity or can help to identify compound‐ and bacteria‐specific passive uptake pathways.
Dual Extrusion Patterning Drives Tissue Development Aesthetics and Shape Retention in 3D Printed Nipple‐Areola Constructs
Authors: Van Belleghem Sarah , Mahadik Bhushan , Snodderly Kirstie , Mote Zoe , Jiang Bin , Yu Justine R. , McLoughlin Shannon , He Xiaoming , Nam Arthur J. , Fisher John P.
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer and its most radical treatment, the mastectomy, significantly impose both physical transformations and emotional pain in thousands of women across the globe. Restoring the natural appearance of a nipple‐areola complex directly on the reconstructed breast represents an important psychological healing experience for these women and remains an unresolved clinical challenge, as current restorative techniques render a flattened disfigured skin tab within a single year. To provide a long‐term solution for nipple reconstruction, this work presents 3D printed hybrid scaffolds composed of complementary biodegradable gelatin methacrylate and synthetic non‐degradable poly(ethylene) glycol hydrogels to foster the regeneration of a viable nipple‐areola complex. In vitro results showcased the robust structural capacity and long‐term shape retention of the nipple projection amidst internal fibroblastic contraction, while in vivo subcutaneous implantation of the 3D printed nipple‐areola demonstrated minimal fibrotic encapsulation, neovascularization, and the formation of healthy granulation tissue. Envisioned as subdermal implants, these nipple‐areola bioprinted regenerative grafts have the potential to transform the appearance of the newly reconstructed breast, reduce subsequent surgical intervention, and revolutionize breast reconstruction practices.
Design of Quasi‐MOF Nanospheres as a Dynamic Electrocatalyst toward Accelerated Sulfur Reduction Reaction for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Chaojie , Zhang Yongguang , Ma Qianyi , Ma Chuyin , Nie Yihang , Li Matthew , Weng Xuefei , Huang Rong , Zhao Yan , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries owing to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the sluggish kinetics of the sulfur reduction reaction process, which is so far insufficiently explored, still impedes its practical application. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated as a sulfur immobilizer, but the interactions and catalytic activity of lithium polysulfides (LiPs) on metal nodes are weak due to the presence of organic ligands. Herein, a strategy to design quasi‐MOF nanospheres, which contain a transition‐state structure between the MOF and the metal oxide via controlled ligand exchange strategy, to serve as sulfur electrocatalyst, is presented. The quasi‐MOF not only inherits the porous structure of the MOF, but also exposes abundant metal nodes to act as active sites, rendering strong LiPs absorbability. The reversible deligandation/ligandation of the quasi‐MOF and its impact on the durability of the catalyst over the course of the electrochemical process is acknowledged, which confers a remarkable catalytic activity. Attributed to these structural advantages, the quasi‐MOF delivers a decent discharge capacity and low capacity‐fading rate over long‐term cycling. This work not only offers insight into the rational design of quasi‐MOF‐based composites but also provides guidance for application in Li–S batteries.
Gas‐Phase Fluorination of Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Meiyazhagan AshokKumar , Serles Peter , Salpekar Devashish , Oliveira Eliezer Fernando , Alemany Lawrence B. , Fu Riqiang , Gao Guanhui , Arif Taib , Vajtai Robert , Swaminathan Venkataraman , Galvao Douglas S. , Khabashesku Valery N. , Filleter Tobin , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: October 2021

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has received much attention in recent years as a 2D dielectric material with potential applications ranging from catalysts to electronics. hBN is a stable covalent compound with a planar hexagonal lattice and is relatively unreactive to most chemical environments, making the chemical functionalization of hBN challenging. Here, a simple, scalable strategy to fluorinate hBN using a direct gas‐phase fluorination technique is reported. The nature of fluorine bonding to the hBN lattice and their chemical coordination are described based on various characterization studies and theoretical models. The fluorine functionalized hBN shows a bandgap reduction and displays a semiconducting behavior due to the fluorination process. Additionally, the fluorinated hBN shows significant improvement in its thermal and friction properties, which could be substantial in applications such as lubricants and thermal fluids. Theory and simulations reveal that the enhanced friction properties of fluorinated hBN result from reduced inter‐planar interaction energy by electrostatic repulsion of intercalated fluorine atoms between hBN layers without significant disruption of the in‐plane lattice. This technique paves the way for the fluorination of several other 2D structures for various applications such as magnetism and functional nanoscale electronic devices.
Ternary Devices Based on Partially Aligned MoS2/h‐BN/Graphene Heterostructures
Authors: Lee Chang Jun , Park Myung Uk , Kim Sung Hyun , Jeong Jae‐Hun , Kim Myeongjin , Cho Mann‐Ho , Yoo Kyung‐Hwa
Published: October 2021

The development of multi‐valued logic devices, which involve switching between more than two states, is one of the promising approaches for overcoming the issues caused by the further scaling down of the current complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor devices. This paper presents ternary devices based on MoS2/h‐BN/graphene heterostructures, in which an active channel of MoS2 is partially aligned with a floating gate of graphene, unlike in the case of typical flash memory devices; thus, they can be regarded as a circuit consisting of a memory device and field‐effect transistor internally connected in parallel. The transfer curves of these devices exhibit two different threshold voltages (Vth) with ternary states (“0,” “1,” and “2”). Furthermore, the intermediate state can be controlled by oxygen plasma treatment, resulting in a ratio >102 for “1”/“0” states and “2”/“1” states. Thus, these devices can be used to implement a resistive‐load standard ternary inverter, whose output voltage is close to 1, 0.5, and 0 V under the supply voltage of 1 V. In addition, ternary NMIN and NMAX circuits with resistive loads are demonstrated by connecting two ternary inverters in series and parallel, respectively.
Electrochemical Synthesis of 3D Plasmonic‐Molecule Nanocomposite Materials for In Situ Label‐Free Molecular Detections
Authors: Ansah Iris Baffour , An Timothy , Yang Jun‐Yeong , Jung Ho Sang , Mun ChaeWon , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Seunghun , Jang Yejin , Kim Dong‐Ho , Kim Meehyein , Park Sung‐Gyu
Published: October 2021

For several decades, the precise positioning of chemicals and biomolecules at nanosized electromagnetic hotspots has posed a challenge to achieving ultrasensitive and reliable label‐free molecular detection. Here, the authors report the rapid ultrasensitive direct detection of chemicals and biomacromolecules (i.e., enveloped virus) through the in situ electrochemical synthesis of a 3D plasmonic‐probe molecule composite skin layer on a 3D Au nanopillar array. The bottom‐up growth of plasmonic nanomaterials in the presence of target probe molecules provides intimate contact between the Au and the target molecules, thereby enhancing light–matter interactions in 3D spaces. These enhanced interactions result in highly sensitive and rapid direct detection of both small molecules and large influenza A virus (H1N1) with hierarchical complex structures. The virus serves as a structural motif for the formation of Au–virus nanocomposite structures through Au electrodeposition, which results in the in situ formation of hotspots for the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of spike proteins. The proposed SERS detection system with fast composite plasmon‐molecule skin layer formation provides a general platform for highly sensitive and rapid label‐free direct detection for chemical and biomedical applications.
Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials and Sensing Tools for Wearable Health Monitoring Devices
Authors: Erdem Özgecan , Derin Esma , Zeibi Shirejini Saeedreza , Sagdic Kutay , Yilmaz Eylul Gulsen , Yildiz Selvin , Akceoglu Garbis Atam , Inci Fatih
Published: October 2021

The healthcare system has a drastic paradigm shift from centralized care to home‐based and self‐monitoring strategies; aiming to reach more individuals, minimize workload in hospitals, and reduce healthcare‐associated expenses. Particularly, wearable technologies are garnering considerable interest by tracking physiological parameters through motion and activities, and monitoring biochemical markers from sweat, saliva, and tears. Through their integrations with sensors, microfluidics, and wireless communication systems, they allow physicians, family members, or individuals to monitor multiple parameters without any significant disruptions to daily routine. Integrating flexible and smart materials with wearable platforms have already enabled facile operations. Especially, carbon nanomaterials hold unique features, including low density, high strength, good conductivity, outstanding flexibility, versatile integration with materials and sensors. In this manuscript, carbon nanomaterials are comprehensively reviewed with their tremendous assets utilized in wearable technologies. Further, their integration with ultrasonic, acoustic and energy harvesting devices, optical and electrochemical platforms, microfluidics, and wireless communication technologies are presented.
Genetic structure in Louisiana Iris species reveals patterns of recent and historical admixture
Authors: Zalmat Alexander S. , Sotola V. Alex , Nice Chris C. , Martin Noland H.
Published: October 2021

Premise

When divergent lineages come into secondary contact, reproductive isolation may be incomplete, thus providing an opportunity to investigate how speciation is manifested in the genome. The Louisiana Irises (Iris, seriesHexagonae) comprise a group of three or more ecologically and reproductively divergent lineages that can produce hybrids where they come into contact. We estimated standing genetic variation to understand the current distribution of population structure in the Louisiana Irises.

Methods

We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing techniques to sample the genomes of Louisiana Iris species across their ranges. We sampled 20 populations (n = 632 individuals) across 11,249 loci and used Entropy and PCA models to assess population genetic data.

Results

We discovered evidence for interspecific gene flow in parts of the range. Our analysis revealed patterns of population structure at odds with widely accepted nominal taxonomy. We discovered undescribed hybrid populations, designated as belonging to theI. brevicaulislineage.Iris nelsoniishared significant ancestry with only one of the purported parent species,I. fulva, evidence inconsistent with a hybrid origin.

Conclusions

This study provides several key findings important to the investigation of standing genetic variation in the Louisiana Iris species complex. Compared to the other nominal species,I. brevicauliscontains a large amount of genetic diversity. In addition, we discovered a previously unknown hybrid zone betweenI. brevicaulisandI. hexagonaalong the Texas coast. Finally, our results do not support the long‐standing hypothesis thatI. nelsoniihas mixed ancestry from three parental taxa.
Clinical manifestations of patients with GDF2 mutations associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 5
Authors: Farhan Ahmed , Yuan Frank , Partan Elizabeth , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: October 2021

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant fibrovascular dysplasia caused by mutations in ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4. Increasingly, there has been an appreciation for vascular conditions with phenotypic overlap to HHT but which have distinct clinical manifestations and arise from novel or uncharacterized gene variants. This study reported on a cohort of four unrelated probands who were diagnosed with a rare form of GDF2‐related HHT5, for which only five prior cases have been described. Two patients harbored heterozygous missense variants not previously annotated as pathogenic (p.Val403Ile; p.Glu355Gln). Clinically, these patients had features resembling HHT1, including cerebrovascular involvement of their disease (first report documenting cerebral involvement of HHT5), but with earlier onset of epistaxis and a unique anatomic distribution of dermal capillary lesions that involved the upper forelimbs, trunk, and head. The other two patients harbored interstitial deletions larger than five megabases between 10q11.22 and 10q11.23 that included GDF2. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing large genomic deletions leading to HHT5. These patients also demonstrated mucocutaneous capillary dysplasias, including intranasal vascular lesions complicated by childhood‐onset epistasis, with a number of extravascular findings related to their 10q11.21q11.23 deletion. In conclusion, patients with GDF2‐related HHT may present with a number of unique characteristics that differ from classically reported features of HHT.
N‐Hydroxyphthalimide‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Inactive Aliphatic Olefins with Air at Room Temperature
Authors: Xu Dejing , He Yaorong , Liu Xiaohui , Xiong Chao , Zhou Xiantai , Xue Can , Ji Hongbing
Published: October 2021

Metal‐free aerobic epoxidation of aliphatic alkenes, especially terminal alkenes, remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel and practical synthetic method with N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as catalyst, isobutyraldehyde as sacrificial reductant and air as oxidant has been developed for the epoxidation of olefins in excellent to moderate conversions and selectivity at room temperature. Meanwhile, this synthetic methodology could efficiently convert inactive light olefins to corresponding epoxides which are highly desired in industry. Moreover, several free radicals in the reaction were identified and characterized by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (in situ EPR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Mechanistic studies showed that the phthalimide N‐oxyl radical (PINO⋅) generated from NHPI would promote the homolysis of isobutyraldehyde to carbonyl carbon radical by the extraction of hydrogen atoms.
Grooming site preferences in black capuchin monkeys: Hygienic vs. social functions revisited
Authors: Pfoh Romina , Tiddi Barbara , Di Bitetti Mario S. , Agostini Ilaria
Published: October 2021

When primates groom each other, they tend to concentrate on those parts of the body they cannot efficiently self‐groom (i.e., not visually accessible), and prefer to intensify grooming in areas with high hair density, thus suggesting a hygienic function. However, preferences for some body sites over others during social grooming may also result from different degrees of social bonding and relative dominance. To assess the relative importance of physical (hygienic) and social factors, we examined grooming interactions in two groups of wild black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) during 15 nonconsecutive months. We evaluated the distribution of social grooming across body sites according to their accessibility by self‐grooming and hair density. At the same time, we assessed whether the degree of dyadic social bonding affects the relative body orientation between groomer and groomee and the access to vulnerable body sites (e.g., face, throat, groin) during grooming. As expected, capuchins preferentially groomed inaccessible body sites (e.g., back and head), with a disproportionate effort directed to the tufts of their partners. We found that dyadic social bond strength, together with rank distance, significantly affected the proportion of grooming in ventro‐ventral body relative orientation only in dominant‐subordinate groomer‐groomee dyads. This may indicate that, when two individuals differ in rank but are strongly bonded, the level of uncertainty related to the social context is already resolved and thus grooming per se is no longer perceived by the subordinate as an uncertain/risky situation. We found no effect of social bonding on grooming vulnerable body sites for any type of dyad. Our findings suggest that grooming site preferences in black capuchin monkeys simultaneously reflect hygienic and social functions.
An isolated population of Austrolebias charrua (Rivulidae, Cyprinodontiformes) detected in a fragile ecosystem (Maldonado, Uruguay)
Authors: Teixeira‐de‐Mello Franco , Canavero Andrés , Ríos Néstor , García Graciela , Suárez Bárbara , Lozoya Juan Pablo , Loureiro Marcelo
Published: October 2021

Annual killifishes inhabit seasonal ponds and wetlands that dry out completely during the dry season, and tend to present very restricted distributions, meaning that local extinctions can lead to the disappearance of entire populations.

Using morphological and genetic approaches the present study identifies a new population of Austrolebias charrua in an isolated area of the lower basin of Maldonado stream (Atlantic Ocean coastal basin) in Uruguay.

The new population extends the previous area of occurrence by 20 km2, 100 km to the south of previous records, and shows some genetic and morphological characteristics that indicate it is isolated from other populations in the previously known range.

This species has been catalogued as a priority for conservation by the National System of Protected Areas of Uruguay; the new record does not significantly affect the size of the area of occupation of the species.

The new site, located in the Alameda de San Carlos, is a small area that suffers human threats that may lead to environmental impacts and thus jeopardize the conservation of this population.
Rezente Erdbebentätigkeit in Deutschland: Bodenbewegungen und Schütterwirkungen
Authors: Beinersdorf Silke , Kaufmann Christian , Schwarz Jochen , Knapmeyer‐Endrun Brigitte
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag stellt die rezente Erdbebentätigkeit auf dem Gebiet Deutschlands der letzten Jahre, beginnend mit 2002 bis einschließlich 2019 vor. Für ausgewählte Erdbeben (Alsdorf 2002, Waldkirch 2004, Goch 2011, Nassau 2011) werden Messungen der Bodenbewegung aufbereitet und für ausgewählte Zeitverläufe mit der Untergrundsituation der aktuellen und bisherigen Erdbebennorm DIN EN 1998‐1/NA in Korrelation gebracht. Wie an Beispielen gezeigt werden kann, haben die gewonnenen Bodenbewegungen bis dato nicht die durch die Gefährdungskarten (mit der Wiederholungsperiode von 475 Jahren) vorgegebenen Kenngrößen erreicht. Für ausgewählte Zeitverläufe werden exemplarisch gemessene Bodenbewegungen und die beobachtete makroseismische Intensität in Bezug gebracht. Die Untersuchung der max. beobachteten Bodenbewegungsgrößen sowie der makroseismischen Wirkungen ist für Anwendungen im ingenieurseismologischen Bereich von hohem Interesse, v. a. für die realistische Abschätzung der Bodenbewegung in gering bis moderat seismisch aktiven Gebieten wie Deutschland. Für die gewählten Ereignisse werden Schütterkarten (ShakeMaps) ermittelt, die die potenziellen Schütterwirkungen (makroseismische Intensität) abbilden.
Transperineal prostate biopsy identifies locations of clinically significant prostate cancer in men considering focal therapy with PI‐RADS 3–5 regions of interest
Authors: Stone Nelson , Skouteris Vassilios , Chang Samuel , Klimis Athanasios , Lucia M. Scott
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To determine the benefit of performing transperineal prostate mapping biopsy (TPMB) following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to increase the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with Gleason grade group (GG) ≥ 2 and their locations outside of the PI‐RADS v2 3–5 category lesions.

Methods

mpMRI was performed in 80 men prior TPMB from two institutions. The mpMRI was considered clinically significant (csMRI) if it contained one or more PI‐RADS 3–5 category lesion. mpMRI findings were compared against csPCa diagnosed by TPMB, performed between 16 November 2010, and 13 September 2019, for the entire gland, both lobes and to the right and left anterior and right and left posterior quadrants (RA, LA, RP and LP). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), accuracy and the area under curve (AUC) were determined. Thirteen men also underwent radical prostatectomy and had comparison of TPMB pathology to prostatectomy specimen grading.

Results

TPMB was positive in 60/80 (75%) of which 32 (53.3%) were csPCa. csPCa was present in the RA in 9 (11.3%), LA in 11 (13.8%), RP in 25 (31.3%) and LP in 27 (33.8%) and involved 1 quadrant in 7 (21.9%), 2 quadrants in 12 (37.5%), 3 quadrants in 11 (34.4%) and all 4 quadrants in 2 (6.3%) patients; 57/80 (71.3%) men had a mpMRIs with lesions designated as PI‐RADS 3 in 24 (30%), 4 in 25 (31.3%) and 5 in 8 (10%). A csMRI was present in the RA in 7 (8.8%), LA in 8 (10%), RP in 31 (38.8%) and in the LP in 29 (36.3%), which were limited to one quadrant in 39 (68.4%), 2 quadrants in 16 (28.1%), and 3 quadrants in 2 (3.5%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were determined from the results of the TPMB and were for the entire gland 81.3%, 35.4%, 45.6% and 73.9%. There were 31 csMRIs involving the right posterior of the gland but only 25 csPCa by TPMB of which 12/31 (38.7%) were concordant for high grade disease. There were 29 men who have a csMRI in the left posterior quadrant, and 14 (48.3%) were concordant with csPCa from the TPMB.

Conclusions

MpMRI should be supplemented with TPMB to correctly identify the regions of the prostate that would require ablation in men considering focal therapy.
Artificial intelligence for assisting cancer diagnosis and treatment in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Chen Zi‐Hang , Lin Li , Wu Chen‐Fei , Li Chao‐Feng , Xu Rui‐Hua , Sun Ying
Published: October 2021

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has contributed substantially to the resolution of various medical problems, including cancer. Deep learning (DL), a subfield of AI, is characterized by its ability to perform automated feature extraction and has great power in the assimilation and evaluation of large amounts of complicated data. On the basis of a large quantity of medical data and novel computational technologies, AI, especially DL, has been applied in various aspects of oncology research and has the potential to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment. These applications range from early cancer detection, diagnosis, classification and grading, molecular characterization of tumors, prediction of patient outcomes and treatment responses, personalized treatment, automatic radiotherapy workflows, novel anti‐cancer drug discovery, and clinical trials. In this review, we introduced the general principle of AI, summarized major areas of its application for cancer diagnosis and treatment, and discussed its future directions and remaining challenges. As the adoption of AI in clinical use is increasing, we anticipate the arrival of AI‐powered cancer care.
Downregulation of CYP2E1 is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression of gliomas
Authors: Ye Liguo , Xu Yang , Wang Long , Zhang Chunyu , Hu Ping , Tong Shi’ao , Liu Zhennan , Tian Daofeng
Published: October 2021

Objective

To explore the role and possible regulatory mechanisms of CYP2E1 in gliomas.

Methods

RNA‑seq data and corresponding clinical information of glioma patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and mRNA data of normal brain tissues were obtained by the Genotype‐Tissue Expression project. The Wilcoxon test was performed to analyze the correlation between CYP2E1 expression and glioma subtypes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Kaplan–Meier plots were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CYP2E1 in glioma. Functional enrichment analyses and immune infiltration analyses were performed to investigate the potential function of CYP2E1 in gliomas. Moreover, we investigated the miRNA and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate CYP2E1 expression. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking experiments were used to predict drugs that target CYP2E1.

Results

The downregulation of CYP2E1 expression may predict a poor prognosis for glioma patients. CYP2E1 expression decreased with increasing WHO grade (II–IV), and its level was correlated with clinical features, including age, 1p19q codeletion status, and IDH state in glioma tissues. Furthermore, CYP2E1 was involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis and related to the tumor immune microenvironment due to its strong correlation with the levels of infiltrating monocytes and Tregs. Moreover, variation in the total methylation level and copy number of CYP2E1 was moderately correlated with its mRNA expression (p < 0.05). CYP2E1 was predicted to be targeted by hsa‐miR‐527, whose expression was negatively related to CYP2E1 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In addition, effective compounds that target CYP2E1, including 18beta‐glycyrrhetinic acid, styrene, toluene, nicotine, m‐xylene, p‐xylene, and colchicine, were identified.

Conclusion

The downregulation of CYP2E1, which affects lipid metabolism and the ferroptosis signaling pathway, promotes the progression of gliomas.
Prognostic factors and survival prediction in HER2‐positive breast cancer with bone metastases: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lyu Xiaoshuang , Luo Bin
Published: October 2021

Background

Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer. The developmental pattern of bone metastasis differs in different molecular subtypes. The prognostic factors of HER2‐positive breast cancer with bone metastases require further investigation. The goal of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical features and prognostic factors for HER2‐positive patients with bone metastases.

Methods

A total of 34,084 HER2‐positive breast cancer cases and 1204 cases of bone metastases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed to identify clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed based on the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The C‐index, calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were utilized for model validation.

Results

In the HER2‐positive breast cancer total population (34,084 cases), 6.2% developed metastatic diseases. Bone metastases accounted for 3.5% of the entire cohort and 56.7% of all metastatic cases. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified seven prognostic factors for predicting cancer‐specific survival (CSS) for HER2‐positive breast cancer patients with bone metastases, including age, brain metastases, liver metastases, lung metastases, PR status, surgery, and chemotherapy. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.74 vs. 0.78 (for 3‐year CSS) and 0.77 vs. 0.81 (for 5‐year CSS) in the model and validation cohorts, respectively. The AUCs were 0.74 vs. 0.78 (for 3‐year CSS) and 0.77 vs. 0.81 (for 5‐year CSS) in the model and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves indicated favorable agreement between the actual observations and the predictions.

Conclusion

Our study provided population‐based clinical features and prognostic factors for HER2‐positive breast cancer patients with bone metastases and we constructed a prognostic nomogram with reliable accuracy.
Complete hematological and major molecular response through treatment with low‐dose Interferon alpha 2a in high‐risk polycythemia vera patient: a case report
Authors: Driessen Christoph , Noppen Christoph , Boonen Georg , Drewe Juergen
Published: October 2021

Low‐dose interferon‐α 2a treatment may be considered as an alternative to cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea or regularly dosed interferon in high‐risk polycythemia vera patients.
Surgical management of a massive congenital hemangioma of the tongue in an infant: A rare case report
Authors: Sarna Krishan , Kamau Martin , Guthua Symon
Published: October 2021

Hemangiomas of the tongue may reach a massive size resulting in functional compromise. Surgical resection, despite the risk of hemorrhage, may be the only option if conservative measures such embolization are futile in reducing its size.
Endogenous endophthalmitis and multifocal brain abscess—An interesting case
Authors: Mishra Aman , Giri Subarna , Rauniyar Robin , Poudel Sagar , Nepal Amit Sharma , Chaudhary Gajendra , Khanal Shambhu , Paudel Sunanda
Published: October 2021

We present an unusual case that staphylococcal brain abscess can present in an immunocompetent with endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to a septic foci and early prevention of dissemination with appropriate management to prevent its complications.
Incidental case finding of a 19‐year‐old woman with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A step‐wise Multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Khan Samahir Tariq , Usman Hamza , Khan Ali Hamza , Douba Zain , Ali Murtaza
Published: October 2021

Radiological imaging plays a vital role in clinically diagnosing TSC. TSC prognosis is largely determined by the severity and the extent of the systems affected by it. TSC patients are symptomatically managed, since no cure is present. Healthcare professionals must frequently check‐up TSC patients who have a lifelong disorder.
The “bud” of an aortic aneurysm
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Morise Masahiro , Sato Atsuhiko , Kodama Takahide
Published: October 2021

An overlooked “bud” of an aortic aneurysm on a chest radiography resulted in a saccular aortic aneurysm 9 years later. This eye‐catching image showed us the importance of not only documenting abnormalities in regular radiography but also further imaging evaluation for definitive diagnosis and continuous image follow‐up.
Activated Carbon from Various Agricultural Wastes by H3PO4 Activation: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Joshi Sahira , Shrestha Surendra , Shrestha Bhanu
Published: October 2021

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from various agricultural wastes, namely, lapsi seed stones, beleric seeds, peach stones, walnut shells, bamboo, and sugarcane bagasse by pyrolysis with chemical activation by phosphoric acid. As‐synthesized ACs were characterized by iodine number, methylene blue number, surface area, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The highest carbon yield was recorded for the AC derived from peach stones. The highest surface areas were achieved in ACs prepared from peach stones and walnut shells. All the ACs have an external surface covered with regular pores of different shapes and sizes, an amorphous nature, and similar oxygen‐containing surface functional groups.