bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Cuál es la mejor cadena de suministro para frutas perecederas, lean o ágil?
Authors: Orjuela-Castro Javier Arturo , Morales-Aguilar Fredy Santiago , Mejía-Flórez Laura Fernanda
Published: March 2018

Se estima que un tercio de la producción mundial de frutas se pierde o se daña, en los países en desarrollo las pérdidas poscosecha a menudo son superiores al 50%, el crecimiento del consumo mundial genera diversos problemas de abasto y distribución a lo largo de la cadena de suministro. Este artículo evalúa la estructura de la cadena del mango en Cundinamarca-Bogotá, mediante un modelo de dinámica de sistemas, la estructura actual se evaluó frente a las cadenas lean y ágil. Las estructuras se estudiaron respecto a las medidas de desempeño de calidad, capacidad de respuesta, operaciones logísticas y costos. Se encuentra que las cadenas lean y ágil mejoran el desempeño de la cadena en todos los casos, aunque no para todos los actores, se evidencia la existencia de trade-off, lo que presenta la necesidad de evaluar a futuro estructuras combinadas ágil y lean para la cadena de suministro de frutas perecederas.
En búsqueda de una alternativa de manejo del camanduleo de la papa ocasionada por Spongospora subterranea
Authors: Mesa Paula , García Celsa , Cotes Alba Marina
Published: March 2018

Entre las principales problemáticas que se presentan en la producción de papa se encuentra Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerheim f. sp. subterranea, agente causal de la sarna polvosa y camanduleo, enfermedades que afectan los tubérculos, las raíces, que no cuentan con prácticas de manejo efectivas. Con el fin de generar una alternativa de manejo se evaluó el efecto en la reducción del camanduleo de microorganismos potencialmente biocontroladores de los géneros Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. y Streptomyces spp. Así mismo, se evaluó el biocarbón, la quitina y el quitosán, aditivos orgánicos que han demostrado actividad de control en otros patosistemas. Inicialmente, se estableció un ensayo para obtener el desarrollo de agallas en dos ambientes diferentes (Mosquera y Subachoque, Cundinamarca) y dos concentraciones de inóculo del protozoo. La evaluación se realizó 8 semanas después de la siembra (SDS), midiendo la severidad expresada como número de agallas por planta. Dado el consistente desarrollo de la enfermedad, se decidió establecer los ensayos en el Municipio de Subachoque, usando suelo naturalmente infestado con 1×103 esporosoros/gde suelo. Al aplicar los biocontroladores, se observó disminución (P>0,05) en el desarrollo de agallas con la mayoría de los microorganismos, siendo Streptomyces misionensis Ac006 el que más redujo la enfermedad en un 51,41%. Por otra parte, entre los aditivos evaluados, fue el quitosán al 0,5% con el que se obtuvo una mayor reducción (P≤0,05) en el número de agallas 62,58%. Estos resultados permiten sugerir el uso de estos tratamientos para el manejo del camanduleo de la papa.
Distribución espacial del riesgo potencial de marchitamiento del aguacate causado por Phytophthora cinnamomi en la subregión de Montes de María, Colombia
Authors: Osorio-Almanza Lorena , Burbano-Figueroa Oscar , Arcila C. Angela María , Vásquez B. Ana Milena , Carrascal-Pérez Francisco , Romero F. Jorge
Published: March 2018

El marchitamiento del aguacate, causado por el oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, es la enfermedad más limitante del cultivo a nivel mundial. Montes de María (MM) es la principal región productora de aguacate del Caribe Colombiano. El área de producción de aguacate en esta región, se encuentra en declive en contraposición a la tendencia mundial y nacional. Esta disminución en MM ha sido asociada a problemas sanitarios, específicamente al marchitamiento del aguacate ocasionado por P. cinnamomi. El clima es uno de los factores más importantes que determinan la distribución espacial de una especie y en el caso de los patógenos determina el nicho que facilita la colonización del hospedero. En este contexto, se tiene como propósito estimar la distribución espacial del riesgo de marchitamiento del aguacate en la subregión Montes de María. Esta estimación se realizó a partir de los datos de presencia del síntoma de marchitamiento de yemas, característico de la pudrición radicular por P. cinnamomi. Este síntoma exhibió una alta correlación con la incidencia y la severidad de la enfermedad evaluada por fincas. El modelo Maxent usado para estimar la distribución espacial de riesgo muestra una alta validación estadística (test AUC≥0,9). Este modelo ha permitido predecir las zonas donde el riesgo a pudrición radicular es más alto. Las características de las áreas con el mayor riesgo de pudrición radicular son aquellas localizadas a mayor altitud, con las temperaturas más bajas en el trimestre más frío (BIO11 ~22°C) y en el más caluroso (BIO10 ~24°C) y con la precipitación más alta durante la estación seca (BIO17 - BIO14).
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures
Authors: Seabra Júnior Edward , Dal-Pozzo Daniel Marcos , Feiden Armin , Ferreira Santos Reginaldo , Kazue Tokura Luciene
Published: March 2018

Este estudio verificó la influencia alelopática del extracto de hojas del frijol canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis), sobre el cultivo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius) aplicado en diferentes concentraciones. Diez genotipos de cártamo fueron sembrados en 20 contenedores y la preparación del extracto acuoso fue a partir de la maceración de hojas de frijol canavalia con agua. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%) del extracto de hoja con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluaron los parámetros velocidad de germinación, porcentaje de germinación, masa seca y fresca, tamaño de hojas y raíces. Se encontró que el extracto acuoso de frijol canavalia influye de diferentes formas en los parámetros evaluados, presentando en algunos momentos características neutras, inhibitorias y estimulantes, variando de acuerdo al porcentaje del extracto aplicado.
Diversidad genética de Moniliophthora roreri mediante Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLPs)
Authors: Suárez-Contreras Liliana Yanet
Published: March 2018

El cultivo de cacao, está afectado por el fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri, que causa gran pérdida en la producción en Norte de Santander. Este estudio muestra los resultados obtenidos utilizando AFLPs de M. roreri. Con el kit para sistema de análisis II, estandarizado y aplicado a 56 muestras de M. roreri, aisladas de nueve municipios. La combinación que presentó mayor número de polimorfismos fue E-ACC/ M-CAA, con 100 bandas y un número menor de alelos (6), con la combinación E-ACG/ M-CAA se obtuvieron 90 bandas y un número de alelos mayor (23), y con la combinación E-AAC/ M-CAA se presentaron 94 bandas y alelos (12). El análisis de datos se realizó según el dendrograma de similitud o distancias genéticas de Nei, obteniéndose cinco grupos con una alta variabilidad entre las muestras, del 6,5 al 58%. Al combinar la información morfológica y molecular se determinó el nivel de diversidad genética de Moniliophthora roreri.
Absorción de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) bajo sistema hidropónico
Authors: Barraza Fernando Vicente
Published: March 2018

En México se cultiva pepino en invernadero con sistema hidropónico de suministro de nutrimentos, mediante diferentes soluciones nutritivas, con concentraciones variables, sin embargo, no se conoce con exactitud la absorción de nutrimentos del cultivo para que el crecimiento y producción sean óptimos. Por lo anterior, se hizo una investigación en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (México), con el objetivo de cuantificar la cantidad de macro nutrimentos que absorbe el cultivo. Se utilizó diseño en bloques completos al azar y se evaluaron cuatro concentraciones de la solución nutritiva universal de Steiner: 25, 75, 125 y 175%. Se cuantificaron los contenidos de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en la materia seca total de plantas y a partir de estos datos se calculó la absorción. Se encontró que la mayor absorción de nutrimentos ocurrió con la solución nutritiva al 175% de concentración: N 13,055; P 5,730; K 15,143; Ca 37,281 y Mg 9,750 g/planta.
Efecto de la salinidad en el crecimiento de plantas de tomate tipo chonto
Authors: Saldaña Tatiana M. , Bejarano Carlos A. , Guaqueta Shirley
Published: March 2018

El estrés por salinidad es una limitante importante en la agricultura, debido a que reduce los rendimientos de los cultivos y daña los sustratos por la acumulación de sal. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de cuatro concentraciones de NaCl (0, 50, 100 y 150 mg L-1) sobre el crecimiento de dos híbridos de tomate tipo chonto, Aslam y Calima, a través de un análisis de crecimiento bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se midió el peso seco de cada órgano de la planta y el área foliar, de donde se determinaron la tasa relativa de crecimiento, la tasa de asimilación neta (TAN), la tasa absoluta de crecimiento (TAC), la relación área foliar, relación peso fresco y área foliar específica. El modelo que mejor representó el crecimiento de los híbridos fue un polinomio de tercer orden. ‘Calima’ acumuló mayor área foliar y mayor cantidad de biomasa en hojas, tallos y flores. Mientras que, ‘Aslam’ acumuló más biomasa en frutos y mantuvo un crecimiento independiente del tratamiento y, además, fue quien presentó la máxima velocidad de incremento de materia seca. Por su parte, ‘Calima’ presentó valores iguales a 0 g cm-2 d-1 en su TAN, lo que representa una tasa respiratoria de mantenimiento más alta que la tasa fotosintética. Respecto a la TAC, no hay diferencia en la velocidad de crecimiento entre los híbridos.
Respostas fisiológicas de plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) cultivadas sob malhas coloridas e fertilizantes orgânicos
Authors: Costa de Oliveira Vanuze , Dos Santos Anacleto Ranulfo , Santos de Souza Girlene , Miranda dos Santos Ricardo
Published: March 2018

Este estudo objetivou avaliar índices de trocas gasosas e o crescimento de plantas de orégano cultivadas em ambientes de luz modificados com o uso de malhas coloridas e adubação orgânica. Foram utilizadas plantas de orégano com ciclo de 90 dias, obtidas por meio de estaquia convencional. Adotou-se o DIC, com seis repetições, em fatorial 3x4 (dois adubos orgânicos acrescido de testemunha, e quatro ambientes de luz modificada com o uso de malhas coloridas nas cores azul, cinza e vermelha, mais testemunha). As plantas de orégano cultivadas sob malha azul e adubadas com esterco bovino apresentaram maior número de folhas; as malhas coloridas proporcionaram maior comprimento de haste e maior produção de massa seca; as plantas crescidas a pleno sol apresentaram maiores valores para as trocas gasosas. Conclui-se que os ambientes de luz modificada e adubação orgânica contribuem para a redução de trocas gasosas e favorecem o crescimento do orégano.
Editorial
Authors: Fischer Gerhard
Published: March 2018

Debido a la calidad editorial y científica de nuestros artículos, con gusto informamos a nuestros autores y lectores que en la última convocatoria de Publindex-Colciencias (No. 768 de 2016-2017) la Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, la mantuvo en la categoría B de este índice nacional. Por este resultado la Revista se encuentra en el selecto grupo de 244 revistas colombianas indexadas de un total de 627 convocadas.
«Бесплодные усилия любви» в русских переводах: опыт сравнительного анализа
Authors: Макаров Владимир Сергеевич
Published: March 2018

В статье рассматриваются переводы ранней комедии Шекспира «Бесплодные усилия любви» (“Love’s Labour’s Lost”) на русский язык, созданные в XIX–XXI вв. Пьеса, с ее стилистическим и ритмическим разнообразием, а также большим количеством языковой игры, представляет значительную сложность для переводчика. Для сравнительного анализа переводов используются средства платформы Version Variation Visualization (VVV), русифицированная версия которой доступна по адресу: www.shakespearecorpus.ru. Программа позволяет определить стратегии работы переводчиков с вызовами, которые им бросает шекспировский текст.

 

 
Сравнительный анализ русских переводов первой сцены «Меры за меру» У. Шекспира
Authors: Захаров Николай Владимирович
Published: March 2018

В статье рассматриваются общие проблемы, которые возникли за последние 20–30 лет и хорошо известны разработчикам гуманитарных цифровых проектов, направившим свои усилия на решение вопросов переводоведения и анализ больших корпусов уже существующих переводных текстов. Рано или поздно исследователи сталкиваются с фундаментальными проблемами в попытке решить сугубо практические задачи. Применительно к шекспировским переводам можно сформулировать следующие вопросы: 1) Возможен ли единый подход к формату представления текстов? 2) Как решать проблемы авторского права? 3) Как визуализировать сравнительный анализ корпуса текстов переводов произведений драматурга?

В статье рассмотрены возможные парадигмы сравнительного анализа переводов первой сцены пьесы «Мера за меру» У. Шекспира, выполненные А. С. Пушкиным, Т. Л. Щепкиной-Куперник, М. А. Зенкевичем и О. П. Сорокой, а также представлены данные, полученные при помощи онлайн-программы сравнительного тезаурусного анализа русских переводов произведений Шекспира (www.shakespearecorpus.ru).

 
A Scarred Tympanum
Authors: Alfano Chiara
Published: March 2018

Philosophy is no stranger to autobiography. Yet, despite the fact that we know, thanks to Augustine and Descartes, to Rousseau and Nietzsche, that autobiography can be philosophically useful, the grounds for autobiography’s philosophical significance still evade us. Good detectives that we are, we rummage for clues, for biographical facts that may throw light on this or the other philosophical conundrum, when we have known all along that life told is more philosophically eloquent than life lived. In all of our attempts to recount our lives — to a loved one, to a therapist, to ourselves — there are incidents that seem almost naturally to take precedent over others. Memory, in this sense, works inconsistently, perhaps prejudicially; its retrospective light illuminating some events, which subsequently become important to us, whilst leaving others in the dark. The term that Freud might have used to describe this phenomenon is Nachträglichkeit, an untranslatable word announcing memory’s deferred action, the fact that some incidents only gain significance retrospectively. Nachträglichkeit in its widest possible sense thus describes the fact that whilst life is lived forwards, it can only be understood backwards. This is also true for Stanley Cavell’s autobiographical writings, in which one childhood event in particular emerges as philosophically decisive.
Seeing Souls
Authors: Techio Jônadas
Published: March 2018

The so-called “Part I” of Philosophical Investigations contains many claims concerning the grammar of psychological predicates, and particularly about the conditions for ascribing them to others. The following are some of the most well-known (and also most representative) among such claims: (i) “only of a living human being and what resembles (behaves like) a living human being can one say: it has sensations; it sees; is blind; hears; is deaf; is conscious or unconscious”; (ii) “An ‘inner process’ stands in need of outward criteria.” The content of these and other kindred remarks has led a great number of readers to ascribe some kind of “externalistic” account to the author of the Investigations.
Perlocution and the Rights of Desire
Authors: Lindstrom Eric
Published: March 2018

Friedrich Nietzsche famously and mischievously begins the notorious Second Essay in On The Genealogy of Morals (1887) with an assertion that ties the proper breeding of mankind to the right to make promises. Nietzsche maintains: “[t]o breed an animal with the right to make promises—is this not the paradoxical task that nature has set itself in the case of man? Is this not the real problem which man not only poses but also faces?” Nietzsche’s language challenges its reader from the start to comprehend its various possibilities of mood and mode, rhetoric and grammar: is it a bold statement of authorial values or an ironic insinuation meant to trap the bad conscience of civilized man? More simply, is it a “real” question or a rhetorical statement? The passage loses no time in deploying some of the soldiers in the army of poetical tropes that Nietzsche unmasks as the producers of truth in his equally well-known short piece, “On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense” (here prosopopoeia: speaking for nature).Based on this small sampling, already we can sense fully how the “literary” intensity and instability of Nietzsche’s style are embedded in his very conduct of philosophy. The question marks on which the two sentences of this opening salvo end (or sort of end, as there are original ellipses “…”) may not indicate a question has been posed at all for the reader directly to answer. No question, at least, has been posed from the quasi-naïve and open premise that we tend to call a question on equal (epistemological) footing or in (sociable) “good” faith. Not a “real” question from Nietzsche, then; but all the more a real problem. A driving interrogation in fact: in light of what the next sentence calls the “countervailing” and saving “force of forgetfulness,” the conduct of the human will in verbal action becomes “the real problem” we both pose and face as linguistic beings engaged by what Stanley Cavell understands in the term moral perfectionism.
“This Most Human Predicament”
Authors: Eldridge Richard
Published: March 2018

In the second paragraph of “The Avoidance of Love,” the earliest of his essays on Shakespeare, Cavell asks, “What has discouraged attention from investigations of character?” in Shakespeare criticism of the mid-twentieth century. “What […] has [instead] specifically motivated an absorbing attention to words?”, as in the criticism of William Empson and G. Wilson Knight. The answer that Cavell offers is that it is “the merest assumption,” foisted off on us “by some philosophy or other, that [literary] characters are not people, [and] that what can be known about people cannot be known about characters” (DK, 40). Cavell then goes on to challenge this assumption by noting that it is at the very least quite natural “to account for the behavior of characters” by applying “to them [psychological predicates, like ‘is in pain,’ ‘is ironic,’ ‘is jealous,’ and ‘is thinking of …’” (DK, 40).
Targeted Delivery of Amantadine-loaded Methacrylate Nanosphere-ligands for the Potential Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Mazibuko Zamanzima , Indermun Sunaina , Govender Mershen , Kumar Pradeep , Du Toit Lisa C , Choonara Yahya E , Modi Girish , Naidoo Dinesh , Pillay Viness
Published: March 2018

Purpose. This study aimed to develop and analyse poly(DL-lactic acid)-methacrylic acid nanospheres bound to the chelating ligand diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)  for the targeted delivery of amantadine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methods. The nanospheres were prepared by a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique statistically optimized employing a 3-Factor Box-Behnken experimental design. Analysis of the particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity (Pdl), morphology, drug entrapment and drug release kinetics were carried out. Results. The prepared nanospheres were determined to have particle sizes ranging from 68.31 to 113.6 nm (Pdl ≤ 0.5). An initial burst release (50% of amantadine released in 24 hr) was also obtained, followed by a prolonged release phase of amantadine over 72 hr. Successful conjugation of the chelating ligand onto the surface of the optimised nanospheres was thereafter achieved and confirmed by TEM. The synthesized modified nanospheres were spherical in shape, 105.6 nm in size, with a PdI of 0.24 and zeta potential of -28.0 mV. Conjugation efficiency was determined to be 74%. In vitro and ex vivo cell study results confirmed the intracellular uptake of the modified nanospheres by the NSC-34 cell line and the non-cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanospheres. Conclusions. Biocompatible amantadine-loaded nanospheres were successfully designed, characterized and optimized employing the randomized Box-Behnken statistical design. Delivery of amantadine over 72 hrs was achieved, with the nanospheres being of a size capable of internalization by the NSC- 34 cells. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Computational Simulation Model of Milk Production Process, Case Study: Dairy Plant FCP-ESPOCH
Authors: Camejo Iván Menes , Sailema Gladys Lorena Aguirre , Carrillo Katherine Maribel Gallegos , Verdecia Jorge Ariel Menéndez
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Computational simulation is a powerful tool that allows the experimentation of variants in production environments, which made on real scenarios, would entail heavy costs for the company. For this, it is necessary to correctly define the model that represents the actual processes involved. This paper presents the development of a computational simulation model, developed with "Siman" programming language and "Arena" software, based on queuing theory for the processes of milk production process in the Dairy Plant FCP-ESPOCH. We sought to determine the efficiency of the computational model using the scientific method, techniques of descriptive statistics and hypothesis demonstration. The results indicate that the data of the model are similar to the real ones in the processes of Daily Crude Milk Reception and Production Daily Pasteurized Milk, concluding that the computational model is valid for future experimentation.
Comparative Study of Performance and Productivity of MVC and MVVM design patterns
Authors: Arcos-Medina Gloria , Menéndez Jorge , Vallejo Javier
Published: March 2018

Abstract.  The research compares the patterns for user interfaces Model View Controller (MVC) and Model ViewView Model (MVVM) using .Net technologies for the system development for sales and purchasing management of a company. The inductive method is used to recognize, obtain and measure the results of  performance and productivity variables based on the tests of two prototypes created for the MVC and MVVM pattern. For the performance tests we used: performance measurement tools Visual Studio 2012 Ultimate. The obtained results show that MVVM pattern presents better conditions of performance and productivity meeting the 95.1% of its performance levels with respect to the MVC pattern that fulfills the 41.6% of its performance levels in relation to the performance and productivity with a level of significance of 95% and a margin of error of 5%.
Pathological analysis of cystic lesions of the bones: a retrospective single-center 10-year overview
Authors: Özgün Gonca , Yalçınkaya Ulviye , Yazıcı Zeynep , Sarısözen Bartu
Published: March 2018

Objective: Many different neoplastic and non-neoplastic
lesions involve the skeletal system. Clinical and radiological tools primarily
assess the nature of these lesions.The aim of
this study was to analyze the cystic bone lesions in a pathologic point
of view. Methods: All bone cysts between 2002 and 2013 retrospectively evaluated under the guidance of
clinical information and radiological images. Descriptive
data such as age, gender, tumor site, symptoms, and clinical and radiological
findings obtained from the hospital’s database system. Results:
There were 96 cystic bone lesions; 47
were aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs), 37 were simple bone cysts (SBCs), one was a
lesion with features of both ABC and SBC, four were intraosseous ganglia, four
were epidermoid cysts, and three were hydatid cysts. The mean ages of the
patients with ABCs and SBCs were 18.7 ±
12.8 years (range, 3-75 years) and 23.8 ±
13.3 years (range, 3-62 years), respectively. Most of the lesions located in
the long bones. Conclusions: Cystic lesions of the bone rarely encountered in daily pathology routine. As with all
conditions affecting the skeletal system, one of the most important steps
towards an accurate pathological diagnosis is to perform with clinical and radiological information while evaluating
the patients.
Clinical presentation of tuberculosis: a nine-year single-center experience
Authors: Pazarlı Ahmet Cemal , Ekiz Timur , Abakay Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2018

Objective. The aim of this study was to
determine the clinical presentation of tuberculosis cases from our center for
the last nine years. Methods. This study was set as
descriptive and retrospective. The data was obtained from the hospital records.
Subjects who had been diagnosed as tuberculosis and received treatment in our
center between the years 2007 and 2015 were included. The cases were classified
as newly diagnosed, relapse, transferred, and returning after default. Results.
There were 276 (171 males and 105 females) patients
with a mean age of 41.5 ± 19.2 years. Pulmonary involvement is the most
common presentation and seen in 155 (56.2%) patients. Lymph node and pleura are
the most common extrapulmonary involvements those are seen in 53 (19.2%) and 23
(8.3%) patients, respectively. Number of the cases seems to decreased after
2012.  Most (85.1%) of the patients were
newly diagnosed. Among the subjects, 55.2% of them had bacteriologic diagnosis,
35.1% had histopathologic diagnosis. Two subjects died during the treatment
period whereas 274 of them completed the treatment program. Conclusions.
Our results show that tuberculosis is seen mainly in the adult age group. While
pulmonary involvement is the most common presentation, lymph node and pleura
involvements are the most common extrapulmonary presentations. Number of the
tuberculosis seems to decrease for the recent years. Strict preventive measures
and treatment strategies should be administered.
Evaluation of Polish citizens’ level of knowledge of potential side effects
of cosmetics containing UV filters
Authors: Wrześniok Dorota , Sikora Magdalena , Szlachta Martyna , Pikor Natalia , Smolarski Patryk
Published: March 2018

Wstęp

Chemiczne filtry przeciwsłoneczne mogą być jedną z przyczyn podrażnienia i/lub zapalenia skóry oraz występowania fotoalergicznej egzemy. Reakcja alergiczna może przejawiać się pieczeniem, świądem, obrzękiem, wysypką i pęcherzami. Celem pracy jest ocena aktualnego poziomu wiedzy mieszkańców Polski z zakresu znajomości składu kosmetyków przeciwsłonecznych oraz wpływu substancji fotoprotekcyjnych na organizm człowieka.

Materiał i metody

Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w lutym 2016 r., na reprezentatywnej grupie dorosłych mieszkańców Polski (N = 125) z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. Kompleksową analizę statystyczną badanego materiału wykonano za pomocą programu Microsoft Excel 2010.

Wyniki

Wykazano, że spośród zapytanych osób prawie 78,4% stosuje kosmetyki przeciwsłoneczne, jednakże na skład kupowanych produktów kosmetycznych zwraca uwagę jedynie 52,8% ankietowanych. Wiedzę na temat niektórych substancji fotoprotekcyjnych wchodzących w skład kosmetyków ochrony przeciwsłonecznej, np. oksybenzonu, ma niespełna 14% badanych. Problemów skórnych wywołanych kosmetykami z filtrem UV doświadczyło aż 12,8%.

Wnioski

Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na konieczność dalszej edukacji mieszkańców Polski na temat składu kosmetyków przeciwsłonecznych oraz wpływu substancji fotoprotekcyjnych na organizm człowieka.
Physical activity level and quality of life in menopausal women
Authors: Naworska Beata , Brzęk Anna , Dąbrowska-Galas Magdalena , Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka , Skrzypulec- Plinta Violetta , Marcisz Czesław , Sodowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2018

Wstęp

W ostatnich latach znacznie wzrosła świadomość kobiet w różnym wieku na temat zdrowego stylu życia. Okres menopauzy i związane z nim zmiany hormonalne mają wpływ na jakość życia, a odpowiedni poziom aktywności fizycznej może znacząco zmniejszyć negatywne skutki tego okresu. Celem pracy była ocena poziomu aktywności fizycznej kobiet w okresie menopauzy oraz jej wpływu na jakość życia.

Materiał i metody

Badania zostały przeprowadzone u 567 kobiet w wieku 50–60 lat, które włączono do 2 grup. Grupa A obejmowała 223 kobiet, uczestniczek Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku, a Grupa B – 334 kobiety, które były pacjentkami oddziałów ginekologicznych i poradni dla kobiet. Poziom aktywności fizycznej został oceniony z użyciem kwestionariusza aktywności fizycznej IPAQ w wersji krótkiej. Do oceny jakości życia badanych kobiet wykorzystano SF-36.

Wyniki

Poziom aktywności fizycznej badanych kobiet określono jako umiarkowany w 52,9% w Grupie A oraz 70,2% w Grupie B. Wysoki poziom aktywności fizycznej odnotowano u 44,8% kobiet z grupy A i w 27,8% z grupy B. Stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy kobietami z Grupy A a kobietami z Grupy B w domenach zsumowanej składowej fizycznej (p < 0,0004) oraz zsumowanej składowej psychicznej (p < 0,0004). Wielkość składowej fizycznej korelowała z wiekiem badanych kobiet. Stan fizyczny, ogólny stan zdrowia i funkcjonowanie w społeczeństwie poprawiały się wraz ze wzrostem poziomu aktywności fizycznej.

Wnioski

U kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym przeważa umiarkowany pozom aktywności fizycznej. Wysoki poziom tej aktywności koreluje z lepszą jakością życia.
Detección y descripción de los dispositivos de intervención didáctica, propuestos por los profesores de Biología y Ciencias Físicas en relación con las ideas previas
Authors: Betta Adriana , Corti Bettina , Ricobaldi Mirta
Published: March 2018

El presente trabajo pretende detectar y describir qué dispositivos de intervención didáctica vinculados a las ideas previas de sus alumnos y alumnas, ponen en práctica los profesores de Ciencias Físicas y Biología que actúan en el marco del Plan 1992 para la Formación de Maestros en el Instituto Normal de Montevideo. El problema de investigación que nos ocupa en este trabajo surge de nuestra práctica cotidiana de aula desarrollada en los Institutos de Formación Docente para la Formación de Maestros. En estas instancias nos encontramos con una diversidad de ideas previas que los alumnos traen consigo acerca del mundo que los rodea y que afloran en la situación de aula, en algunas oportunidades espontáneamente, y en otras provocadas por la propuesta didáctica desarrollada por el docente.
The Second Law Of Thermodynamics as a Force Law
Authors: Schlitter Jürgen
Published: March 2018

The second law of thermodynamics states the increase of entropy, ΔS > 0, for real processes from state A to state B at constant energy from chemistry over biological life and engines to cosmic events. The connection of entropy to information, phase-space and heat is helpful, but does not immediately convince observers of the validity and basis of the second law. This gave grounds for finding a rigorous, but more easily acceptable reformulation. Here we show using statistical mechanics that this principle is equivalent to a force law ⟨⟨f⟩⟩> 0 in systems where mass centres and forces can be identified. The sign of this net force - the average mean force along a path from A to B - determines the direction of the process. The force law applies to a wide range of processes from machines to chemical reactions. The explanation of irreversibility by a driving force appears more plausible than the traditional formulation as it emphasizes the cause instead of the effect of motions.
A Computational Analysis of Gas Jet Flow Effects on Liquid Aspiration in the Collison Nebulizer
Authors: Feng James Q.
Published: March 2018

Pneumatic nebulizers (as variations based on the Collison nebulizer) have been widely used for producing fine aerosol droplets from a liquid material. The basic working principle of those nebulizers has been qualitatively described as utilization of the negative pressure associated with an expanding gas jet to syphon liquid into the jet stream, then to blow and shear into liquid sheets, filaments, and eventually droplets. Detailed quantitative analysis based on fluid mechanics theory is desirable, to gain in-depth understanding of the liquid aspiration mechanism among other aspects of the Collison nebulizer behavior. The purpose of present work is to investigate the nature of negative pressure distribution associated with compressible gas jet flow in the Collison nebulizer by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, using an OpenFOAM® compressible flow solver. The value of the negative pressure associated with a gas jet flow is examined by varying geometric parameters of the jet expansion channel adjacent to the outlet of jet orifice. Such an analysis can provide valuable insights into fundamental mechanisms in liquid aspiration process, helpful for effective design of improved pneumatic atomizer in the Aerosol Jet® direct-write system for micro-feature, high-aspect-ratio material deposition in additive manufacturing.
¿Puede el índice de masa corporal pre-gestacional relacionarse con el estado psicológico y físico de la madre durante todo el embarazo?
Authors: Romero-Gonzalez Borja , Caparros-Gonzalez Rafael Arcangel , Strivens Vilchez Helen , Peralta-Ramirez Maria Isabel
Published: March 2018

Introducción: El IMC pre-gestacional afecta a la salud de la madre durante y después del embarazo, relacionándose con un aumento del riesgo a sufrir diabetes gestacional, pre-eclampsia o muerte fetal. Además, el IMC pre-gestacional elevado aumenta los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión, lo que conlleva al aumento de riesgo de aborto, bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad.Objetivos: Comprobar si existen diferencias en estrés, síntomas psicopatológicos y variables fisiológicas durante el embarazo, entre embarazadas con IMC pre-gestacional normal e IMC pre-gestacional elevado.Métodos: Han participado 156 mujeres embarazadas evaluadas longitudinalmente durante los tres trimestres de embarazo divididas en dos grupos: grupo con IMC pre-gestacional normal (n=115)  y grupo con IMC pre-gestacional elevado (n=41). Se midieron niveles de estrés, síntomas psicopatológicos, hipertensión y glucosa.Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos en estrés específico del embarazo y en las sub-escalas del SCL-90-R: depresión, ideación paranoide, y la escala de síntomas generales en el primer trimestre; en el segundo trimestre en estrés específico del embarazo y sub-escalas: somatizaciones, obsesión compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, depresión, ansiedad,  ideación paranoide y en las escalas generales; y en estrés percibido y las sub-escalas somatizaciones, ansiedad y en la escala SP en el tercer trimestre. También se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos en tensión arterial diastólica en el primer trimestre, y en tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica en el tercer trimestre.Conclusiones: El IMC pre-gestacional elevado se relaciona con mayor estrés psicológico y con síntomas psicopatológicos y fisiológicos durante el embarazo.
Ten-Year Trends in Medical Complications Following 540,623 Primary Total Hip Replacements from a National Database
Authors: Partridge Thomas , Jameson Simon , Baker Paul , Deehan David , Mason James , Reed Mike R.
Published: March 2018

Background:

More than 75,000 total hip replacements were performed in England and Wales in 2014, and this figure is predicted to increase. Trends in mortality and complications following total hip replacement from 2005 to 2014 were evaluated to quantify risk and to identify “at-risk” groups to better inform recommendations for patient care.

Methods:

Our primary analysis estimated 90-day inpatient mortality following total hip replacement using Hospital Episode Statistics data from 2005 to 2014. Secondary analyses explored 30-day rates of lower respiratory tract infection, renal failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep-vein thrombosis, cerebrovascular accident, and Clostridium difficile. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate population averages, adjusting for time and prognostic covariates.

Results:

From January 2005 to July 2014, a total of 540,623 total hip replacements were reported. The 90-day mortality rate dropped steadily, from 0.60% in 2005 to 0.15% in 2014. Reported postoperative complications (with the exception of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure) reduced year-on-year, despite a steady rise in the average Charlson Comorbidity Index score. The 30-day rate of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure increased from 0.54% to 0.84% and 0.21% to 1.09%, respectively. The risk of mortality was significantly higher for those who developed a lower respiratory tract infection (odds ratio [OR] = 42.3) or renal failure (OR = 36.5) than for those who developed pulmonary embolism (OR = 10.9) or deep-vein thrombosis (OR = 2.6).

Conclusions:

Despite a population with increasing levels of comorbidity, indicators of quality of care improved from 2005 to 2014, with the exception of the rates of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure. Postoperative care should focus on reducing the risk of lower respiratory tract infection and renal failure, both of which increased and were strongly associated with mortality. Moreover, they appeared to occur in identifiable high-risk groups; modifications to routine care should be considered for these patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Specialty on Cases Performed During Hand Surgery Fellowship Training
Authors: Silvestre Jason , Upton Joseph , Chang Benjamin , Steinberg David R.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Hand surgery fellowship programs in the United States are predominately sponsored by departments or divisions of orthopaedic surgery or plastic surgery. This study compares the operative experiences of hand surgery fellows graduating from orthopaedic or plastic surgery hand surgery fellowships.

Methods:

Operative case logs of 3 cohorts of hand surgery fellows graduating during the academic years of 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 were analyzed. The median case volumes were compared by specialty via Mann-Whitney U tests. An arbitrary 1,000% change between the 90th and 10th percentiles of fellows was used as a threshold to highlight case categories with substantial variability.

Results:

In this study, 413 orthopaedic hand surgery fellows (87%) and 62 plastic surgery hand surgery fellows (13%) were included. Plastic surgery fellows reported more cases in the following categories: wound closure with graft; wound reconstruction with flap; vascular repair, reconstruction, replantation, or microvascular; closed treatment of fracture or dislocation; nerve injury; and congenital (p < 0.05). Orthopaedic surgery fellows reported more cases in the following categories: wound irrigation and debridement fasciotomy or wound preparation; hand reconstruction or releases; wrist reconstruction, releases, or arthrodesis; forearm, elbow, or shoulder reconstruction or releases; hand fractures, dislocation, or ligament injury; wrist fractures or dislocations; forearm and proximal fractures or dislocations; miscellaneous insertion or removal of devices; shoulder arthroscopy, elbow arthroscopy, and wrist arthroscopy; decompression of tendon sheath, synovectomy, or ganglions; nerve decompression; Dupuytren; and tumor or osteomyelitis (p < 0.05). Plastic surgery fellows reported substantial variability for 12 case categories (range, 1,024% to 2,880%). Orthopaedic surgery fellows reported substantial variability for 9 case categories (range, 1,110% to 9,700%).

Conclusions:

Orthopaedic and plastic hand surgery fellowships afford disparate operative experiences. Understanding these differences may help to align prospective trainees with future career goals and to guide discussions to better standardize hand surgery training.
Unexpected Long Lower Limb in Patients with Unilateral Hip Dislocation
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Luo Dianzhong , Cheng Hui , Xiao Kai , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2018

Background:

Several methods are commonly used to predict lower-limb-length discrepancy (LLD) on pelvic radiographs. It is not clear how the lower-limb length of patients with unilateral developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) changes and whether a pelvic radiograph is reliable to predict LLD. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of LLD in patients with unilateral DDH by measuring full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs.

Methods:

The radiographic data of all patients with unilateral DDH who met the inclusion criteria from March 2011 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. These data included femoral length, tibial length, skeletal limb length, and distance from the lesser trochanter to the tibial plafond. We also compared LLD between patients with Hartofilakidis type-II DDH and those with type III.

Results:

Sixty-seven patients (12 male and 55 female) were included. The tibial length, skeletal limb length, and lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance were significantly greater (p < 0.001, p = 0.040, and p < 0.001, respectively) on the ipsilateral (DDH) side, compared with the contralateral side, in 51 patients (76%), 43 patients (64%), and 52 patients (78%), respectively, with the values on the ipsilateral side exceeding those on the contralateral side by an average of 4.6 mm (range, 0.4 to 17.5 mm), 7.0 mm (range, 0.3 to 21.1 mm), and 10.0 mm (range, 1.1 to 28.8 mm), respectively. The femoral length did not differ significantly between the 2 sides (p = 0.562). There was also no significant difference in LLD, femoral length, tibial length, skeletal limb length, or lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance between patients with Hartofilakidis type II and those with type III (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Patients with unilateral DDH, regardless of whether the hip dislocation is low or high, may present with LLD derived from both the femur and the tibia. This LLD includes a greater ipsilateral tibial length, skeletal limb length, and lesser trochanter-tibial plafond distance in most patients and an unpredictable femoral length. Using the lesser trochanter on pelvic radiographs to predict LLD is not reliable. The use of full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs for preoperative templating is advisable for this special group of patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Acetabular Fossa May Not Be Located at the True Center of the Acetabulum
Authors: Shimodaira Hiroki , Tensho Keiji , Akaoka Yusuke , Koyama Suguru , Maruyama Masaaki , Kato Hiroyuki , Saito Naoto
Published: March 2018

Background:

The acetabular fossa is thought to be located in the center of the acetabulum, and acetabular reaming in total hip arthroplasty is conventionally performed in the center of the fossa. However, the actual location of the fossa and the influence that hypoplasia or deformity may have on the position of the fossa are unknown. We hypothesized that the fossa is located in the center of the acetabulum, regardless of hypoplasia or deformity.

Methods:

Fifty patients with normal hips (normal hip group), 50 patients with dysplasia who underwent rotational acetabular osteotomy (dysplastic hip group), and 46 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent total hip arthroplasty (osteoarthritic hip group) were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) imaging. On the horizontal plane that passes through the center of the femoral head, the center line of the acetabulum was defined as the perpendicular bisector of the anterior and posterior rims of the acetabulum. The angle and distance of the center of the acetabular fossa in relation to the center line of the acetabulum were evaluated; furthermore, the center position of the fossa from the anterior margin of the acetabulum was calculated as a ratio relative to acetabular size. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to compare measurements among the 3 groups.

Results:

The center of the acetabular fossa was positioned anteriorly to the center line of the acetabulum in all 3 groups. The mean center angle of the acetabular fossa was 14.0° ± 3.8°, 15.2° ± 5.6°, and 14.9° ± 5.5° in the normal, dysplastic, and osteoarthritic hip groups, respectively (p = 0.33). The mean center distance of the acetabular fossa was 5.6 ± 1.8, 5.8 ± 2.3, and 6.1 ± 2.2 mm, respectively (p = 0.55). The mean center position of the acetabular fossa was 38.8% ± 3.3%, 38.5% ± 4.2%, and 38.3% ± 3.9%, respectively (p = 0.71).

Conclusions:

The center of the acetabular fossa is positioned anteriorly to the center of the acetabulum, and the positioning is affected by neither dysplasia nor osteoarthritis. The preconception that the center of the acetabulum corresponds to the center of the acetabular fossa may risk eccentric reaming, possibly damaging the anterior wall.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Severe Spinal Deformity with Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Riley Max S. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Chapman Todd M. , Sides Brenda A. , Blanke Kathy M. , Kelly Michael P.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Short-term studies have shown improved outcomes and alignment after posterior vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformity. Our goal was to report long-term changes in radiographic and health-related quality-of-life measures in a consecutive series of pediatric and adult patients undergoing posterior vertebral column resection with a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Methods:

We reviewed all patients undergoing posterior vertebral column resection by a single surgeon prior to January 1, 2010, at a single institution. Standard preoperative and perioperative data were collected, including the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22/24 instrument. Radiographic and health-related quality-of-life measures changes were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.

Results:

One hundred and nine patients underwent posterior vertebral column resection prior to January 2010, and 54 patients (49.5%) were available for analysis: 31 (57.4%) were pediatric patients, and 23 (42.6%) were adult patients. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 12.5 ± 3 years for the pediatric cohort and 39.3 ± 20 years for the adult cohort. Improvements in the mean major Cobb angle at a minimum follow-up of 5 years were seen: 61.6% correction for the pediatric cohort and 53.9% correction for the adult cohort. The rates of proximal junctional kyphosis, defined as proximal junctional kyphosis of >10°, were 16.1% for the pediatric cohort and 34.8% for the adult cohort, but none underwent a revision surgical procedure for symptomatic proximal junctional kyphosis. Of the 54 patients, 30 (55.6%) sustained complications, 5 (9.3%) experienced postoperative neurological deficits, and 7 (13.0%) required a revision by 5 years postoperatively. Significant improvements were observed in the SRS-Self Image with regard to the pediatric cohort at 0.9 (p = 0.017) and the adult cohort at 1.3 (p = 0.002) and in the SRS-Satisfaction with regard to the pediatric cohort at 1.8 (p = 0.008) and the adult cohort at 1.3 (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:

Posterior vertebral column resection offers substantial, sustained improvements in global radiographic alignment and patient outcome scores at 5 years. The major radiographic deformity was reduced by 61.6% in the pediatric cohort and by 53.9% in the adult cohort. Despite the high rate of complications, patients experienced significant improvement in the SRS-Self Image and SRS-Satisfaction domains.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.