bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Aged ≤70 Years With Intravenous Glyburide From the Phase II GAMES-RP Study of Large Hemispheric Infarction
Authors: Sheth Kevin N. , Petersen Nils H. , Cheung Ken , Elm Jordan J. , Hinson Holly E. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Beslow Lauren A. , Sze Gordon K. , Simard J. Marc , Kimberly W. Taylor
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to determine whether subjects aged ≤70 years who were treated with intravenous glyburide (RP-1127; BIIB093; glibenclamide) would have better long-term outcomes than those who received placebo.

Methods—

GAMES-RP (Glyburide Advantage in Malignant Edema and Stroke–Remedy Pharmaceuticals) was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. Eighty-six participants, aged 18 to 80 years, who presented to 18 centers with large hemispheric infarction (baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volumes, 82–300 cm
3
) randomized within 10 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. In the current exploratory analysis, we included participants aged ≤70 years treated with intravenous glyburide (n=35) or placebo (n=30) who met per-protocol criteria. Intravenous glyburide or placebo was administered in a 1:1 ratio. We analyzed 90-day and 12-month mortality, functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index), and quality of life (EuroQol group 5-dimension). Additional outcomes assessed included blood–brain barrier injury (MMP-9 [matrix metalloproteinase 9]) and cerebral edema (brain midline shift).

Results—

Participants ≤70 years of age treated with intravenous glyburide had lower mortality at all time points (log-rank for survival hazards ratio, 0.34;
P
=0.04). After adjustment for age, the difference in functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale) demonstrated a trend toward benefit for intravenous glyburide-treated subjects at 90 days (odds ratio, 2.31;
P
=0.07). Repeated measures analysis at 90 days, 6 months, and 12 months using generalized estimating equations showed a significant treatment effect of intravenous glyburide on the Barthel Index (
P
=0.03) and EuroQol group 5-dimension (
P
=0.05). Participants treated with intravenous glyburide had lower plasma levels of MMP-9 (189 versus 376 ng/mL;
P
<0.001) and decreased midline shift (4.7 versus 9 mm;
P
<0.001) compared with participants who received placebo.

Conclusions—

In this exploratory analysis, participants ≤70 years of age with large hemispheric infarction have improved survival after acute therapy with intravenous glyburide.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01794182.
“A Dream Carries Much Implication”
Authors: Baker Robin
Published: May 2018

Commentators have long been divided in appraising Gideon. Some consider him an outstanding champion of Yahweh’s cause. Others judge him as, at best, flawed, at worst a vainglorious manipulator who corrupted Israel’s relationship with Yahweh and weakened her hold on the Promised Land. Despite abundant commentary on Gideon, the Midianite’s dream has attracted little specific exegetical attention beyond recognition that, on hearing its interpretation, Gideon was transformed. Yet it must surely rank as one of the most remarkable episodes in Judges. This study considers the dream’s hermeneutical function in illuminating Gideon’s character and changing relationship with Yahweh. It examines the dream’s place in the Gideon narrative and explores the meaning of its symbolism for the writer’s time and readership. It demonstrates that the narrative’s structure, and the dream’s place within it, were carefully planned and crucial to its interpretation. Finally, it analyses heuristic literary devices used in the narrative.
Of Gods and Kings: The Case for Reading “Milcom” in Zephaniah 1:5bβ
Authors: Werse Nicholas R.
Published: May 2018

Manuscript evidence disagrees between reading the final word in Zeph 1:5 as meaning “their king,” “Molech,” or “Milcom.” The affinity of these three readings with the MT consonantal text, combined with the lack of agreement among the manuscript evidence, allows for plausible arguments supporting each of these readings. A majority of commentators conclude that this entity must refer to a deity, but disagree on which manuscript tradition to follow. The present essay surveys each of these readings, arguing that “Milcom” best fits the literary context and syntax patterns in Zeph 1:5bβ. This essay examines comparable text-critical difficulties in 2 Sam 12:30; 1 Chr 20:2; 1 Kgs 11:7; Jer 49:1, 3; and Amos 5:26, concluding that similar examples of the MT reinterpreting the name “Milcom” as “their king” occur in Jer 49:1, 3.
Can ‘Non-territorial Autonomy’ Serve as an Analytical Term? Between ‘Thick’ and ‘Thin’ Approaches
Authors: Osipov Alexander
Published: May 2018

Non-territorial autonomy (NTA) has acquired a variety of meanings ranging from a vague principle (a ‘thin’ approach) to a distinct structural feature of an organization (a ‘thick’ approach). Almost all these interpretations rest on an uncritical reification of such notions as ‘group’ and ‘community’. It leads to an uncritical categorization as NTA of numerous different arrangements and practices, that duplicates the existing terminology and brings no added value to the study of these phenomena. Attempts to outline institutional settings for communal self-organization based on the same premises involve negligence of potential scenarios and outcomes. The author concludes that the interpretations of NTA based on groupist assumptions significantly limit analytic perspectives. Interpretations resting on a non-groupist approach can serve analytical purposes, but their application is optional and barely instrumental. Beyond this, NTA shall be regarded and studied as a category of practice and a matrix for framing diversity issues among policy-makers.
Description of eight new species and re-description of four species belonging to the family Phytoseidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India
Authors: KARMAKAR KRISHNA , BHOWMIK SAGARIKA
Published: May 2018

This paper reports on 12 species of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from West Bengal, India. Amblyseius crotalariae (Gupta, 1977), Amblyseius guajavae (Gupta, 1978), Typhlodromips syzygii (Gupta, 1975), Scapulaseius asiaticus (Evans, 1953) are re-described, and Scapulaseius moraesi sp. nov., Euseius sundarbanensis sp. nov., Euseius astrictus sp. nov., Asperoseius latericulus sp. nov., Asperoseius jujubae sp. nov., Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) carambolae sp. nov., Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) heliotropium sp. nov. and Phytoseius namkhanaensis sp. nov. are described as new.
Towards reliable identification of male Dicerura: descriptions of three new and seven poorly known species in the Palearctic region (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae)
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , SPUNGIS VOLDEMARS
Published: May 2018

The taxonomy of Dicerura Kieffer, 1898, a genus of Porricondylinae now comprising 32 species in the Holarctic region, is revised. Three new species are described based on morphological characters of male adults: D. jakovlevi Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (from Finland), D. penttineni Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (Finland), and D. yezoensis Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (Japan). Dicerura padi Mamaev, 1975 syn. nov. is revealed to be a junior synonym of D. furculata Mamaev, 1968. Seven species, whose original descriptions are from a present-day perspective inadequate for the purpose of identification, are redescribed: D. barbata Mamaev, 1966; D. formosa Mamaev, 1998; D. foliicola Mamaev, 1968; D. furculata; D. iridis (Kaltenbach, 1873); D. stipator Mamaev, 1972; and D. unidentata Spungis, 1987. A key to males of Palearctic Dicerura is provided. New faunistic records are presented for D. barbata; D. complicata Spungis, 1987; D. dentata Spungis, 1979; D. formosa; D. fungicola (Mamaev, 1964); D. mixta Spungis, 1987; and D. unidentata. Male genitalic characters are shown to be useful to a certain extent for structuring the species diversity found within the genus Dicerura. The following groups of species are defined: iridis group (with nine species), dentata group (six species), fungicola group (four species), and formosa group (four species). Six of the species whose morphology is adequately known cannot be grouped within the proposed scheme, indicating the need for further character analysis and continuing search for yet undiscovered species that are assumed to exist in large numbers.
Spatial Characteristics of Rain Fields Associated with Tropical Cyclones Landfalling over the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea
Authors: Zhou Yao , Matyas Corene J.
Published: May 2018

The western Gulf Coast and Caribbean coast are regions that are highly vulnerable to precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). Defining the spatial dimensions of TC rain fields helps determine the timing and duration of rainfall for a given location. Therefore, this study measured the area, dispersion, and displacement of light and moderate rain fields associated with 35 TCs making landfalls in this region and explored conditions contributing to their spatial variability. The spatial patterns of satellite-estimated rain rates are determined through hot spot analysis. Rainfall coverage is largest as TCs approach the western Caribbean coast, and smaller as TCs move over the Gulf of Mexico (GM) after making landfall over the Yucatan Peninsula. The rain fields are displaced eastward and northward over the western and central Caribbean Sea and the central GM. Rainfall fields have more displacement toward the west and south, which is over land, when TCs move over the southern GM, possibly as a result of the influence of Central American gyres. The area and dispersion of rainfall are significantly correlated with storm intensity and total precipitable water. The displacement of rainfall is significantly correlated with vertical wind shear. Over the Bay of Campeche, TC precipitation extends westward, which may be related to the convergence of moisture above the boundary layer from the Pacific Ocean and near-surface convergence enhanced by land. Additionally, half of the storms produce rainfall over land about 48 h before landfall. TCs may produce light rainfall over land for more than 72 h in this region.
SODA3: A New Ocean Climate Reanalysis
Authors: Carton James A. , Chepurin Gennady A. , Chen Ligang
Published: May 2018

This paper describes version 3 of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA3) ocean reanalysis with enhancements to model resolution, observation, and forcing datasets, and the addition of active sea ice. SODA3 relies on the ocean component of the NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2.5 coupled model with nominal ¼° resolution. A scheme has also been implemented to reduce bias in the surface fluxes. A 37-yr-long ocean reanalysis, SODA3.4.2, created using this new SODA3 system is compared to the previous generation of SODA (SODA2.2.4) as well as to the Hadley Centre EN4.1.1 no-model statistical objective analysis. The comparison is carried out in the tropics, the midlatitudes, and the Arctic and includes examinations of the meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic. The comparison shows that SODA3.4.2 has reduced systematic errors to a level comparable to those of the no-model statistical objective analysis in the upper ocean. The accuracy of variability has been improved particularly poleward of the tropics, with the greatest improvements seen in the Arctic, accompanying a substantial reduction in surface net heat and freshwater flux bias. These improvements justify increasing use of ocean reanalysis for climate studies including the higher latitudes.
Temporal Variability in Thermally Driven Cross-Shore Exchange: The Role of Semidiurnal Tides
Authors: Ulloa Hugo N. , Davis Kristen A. , Monismith Stephen G. , Pawlak Geno
Published: May 2018

We examine temporal variability of thermally driven baroclinic cross-shore exchange in the context of a tropical fringing reef system focusing on the role of tidally driven alongshore flow. Ensemble diurnal phase averaging of cross-shore flow at the Kilo Nalu Observatory (KNO) in Oahu, Hawaii, shows a robust diurnal signal associated with an unsteady buoyancy/diffusive dynamic balance, although significant variability is observed at subdiurnal time scales. In particular, persistent fortnightly variability in the cross-shore diurnal flow pattern is consistent with modulation by the semidiurnal alongshore tidal flow. The alongshore flow plays a direct role in the cross-shore exchange momentum balance via Coriolis acceleration but also affects the cross-shore circulation indirectly via its influence on vertical turbulent diffusion. An idealized linear theoretical model for thermally driven cross-shore flow is formulated using the long-term time-averaged diurnal dynamic balance at KNO as a baseline. The model is driven at leading order by the surface heat flux, with contributions from the alongshore flow and cross-shore wind appearing as linear perturbations. Superposition of the idealized solutions for Coriolis and time-varying eddy viscosity perturbations are able to reproduce key aspects of the fortnightly variability. Modifying the model to consider a more realistic alongshore flow and considering effects of nightly convection lead to further improvements in comparisons with KNO observations. The ability of the theoretical approach to reproduce the fortnightly patterns indicates that semidiurnal variations in the alongshore flow are effective in modulating the cross-shore flow via Coriolis and vertical turbulent transport mechanisms.
High-Altitude (0–100 km) Global Atmospheric Reanalysis System: Description and Application to the 2014 Austral Winter of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE)
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D. , Ma Jun , Hoppel Karl W. , Kuhl David D. , Allen Douglas R. , Doyle James A. , Viner Kevin C. , Ruston Benjamin C. , Baker Nancy L. , Swadley Steven D. , Whitcomb Timothy R. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Xu Liang , Kaifler N. , Kaifler B. , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. , Love Peter T.
Published: May 2018

A data assimilation system (DAS) is described for global atmospheric reanalysis from 0- to 100-km altitude. We apply it to the 2014 austral winter of the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), an international field campaign focused on gravity wave dynamics from 0 to 100 km, where an absence of reanalysis above 60 km inhibits research. Four experiments were performed from April to September 2014 and assessed for reanalysis skill above 50 km. A four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) run specified initial background error covariances statically. A hybrid-4DVAR (HYBRID) run formed background error covariances from an 80-member forecast ensemble blended with a static estimate. Each configuration was run at low and high horizontal resolution. In addition to operational observations below 50 km, each experiment assimilated 105 observations of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) every 6 h. While all MLT reanalyses show skill relative to independent wind and temperature measurements, HYBRID outperforms 4DVAR. MLT fields at 1-h resolution (6-h analysis and 1–5-h forecasts) outperform 6-h analysis alone due to a migrating semidiurnal (SW2) tide that dominates MLT dynamics and is temporally aliased in 6-h time series. MLT reanalyses reproduce observed SW2 winds and temperatures, including phase structures and 10–15-day amplitude vacillations. The 0–100-km reanalyses reveal quasi-stationary planetary waves splitting the stratopause jet in July over New Zealand, decaying from 50 to 80 km then reintensifying above 80 km, most likely via MLT forcing due to zonal asymmetries in stratospheric gravity wave filtering.
Developing Sustainable Methods for Broadening Participation by Transforming Mainstream Science and Technology Communities Through the Normalization of Inclusion
Authors: Leung Mary Ann
Published: May 2018

Advances in science and technology (S&T) have fueled significant progress in modern society, creating greater demand for a skilled workforce. An important source for S&T talent is being missed due to the loss in greater numbers of people from underrepresented backgrounds such as women, ethnic and racial minorities, and people with disabilities. Progress has been realized in supporting underrepresented individuals (URIs) in S&T by creating strong support systems through same-identity or minority–majority communities such as the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing, Association of Women in Mathematics, Society of Women in Engineering, the Society of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science, and many more. And yet there is a significant gap between the potential URIs in the S&T workforce and their actual presence. The time has come to expand diversity and inclusion efforts in mainstream scientific communities where professional lives and careers are played out. However, for real change to occur, we cannot just support the underrepresented; we need to transform mainstream communities into places where everyone is not just welcome but is thriving and productive. The easy part of this equation is to apply evidence-based methods for supporting URIs in mainstream communities. The hard part is transforming communities through education, empirical experiences, and sustained efforts that result in tangible benefits to all. This article explores issues and posits potential approaches to develop sustainable methods for broadening participation by transforming mainstream S&T communities through the normalization of inclusion.
The Science of Broadening Participation in STEM: A Symposium Discourse Analysis
Authors: McNeely Connie L. , Hopewell Lindsey , Fealing Kaye Husbands
Published: May 2018

The 2016 Symposium on the Science of Broadening Participation (SoBP) was a major event held in recognition of the need for an assembled and curated body of knowledge ready for use for effective policy development and implementation in relation to broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Accordingly, analysis of Symposium communications—the presentations, discussions, and other interchanges among participants—was conducted to determine foundations and content for delineating the parameters and potential of an effective SoBP, especially as regards the development of a diverse, encompassing, and dynamic STEM workforce. Critical issues regarding frameworks, data and metrics, education, and workforce were identified and discussed for SoBP development and application, along with policy directives. In addition to general recommendations, areas for further study, such as community, also were indicated for SoBP consideration and expansion.
Fault Detection Based on Near-Infrared Spectra for the Oil Desalting Process
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Jin Minjun , Liu Fei
Published: May 2018

The fault detection problem of the oil desalting process is investigated in this paper. Different from the traditional fault detection approaches based on measurable process variables, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is applied to acquire the process fault information from the molecular vibrational signal. With the molecular spectra data, principal component analysis was explored to calculate the Hotelling T2 and squared prediction error, which act as fault indicators. Compared with the traditional fault detection approach based on measurable process variables, NIR spectra-based fault detection illustrates more sensitivity to early failure because of the fact that the changes in the molecular level can be identified earlier than the physical appearances on the process. The application results show that the detection time of the proposed method is earlier than the traditional method by about 200 min.
Homeopathy, Western medicine and the discourse of evidence: Negotiating legitimacy in a public online forum
Authors: Gibson William J
Published: May 2018

This article reports on the analysis of an online forum on the UK’s National Health Service website where participants debated the provision of homeopathy as publicly funded medical treatment. Using membership categorisation analysis, the article looks at how members negotiated a category distinction between homeopathy and ‘orthodox Western medicine’, focusing on the discursive resources that the participants drew on to position each other and the website itself in moral terms. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the institutionalisation of complementary and alternative medicine by demonstrating the strong polarisation of views that are present in the public domain, and the ways that public institutions become held accountable to ideologies of evidence and choice. In this way, the study adds to our growing knowledge about public engagement in pluralistic healthcare systems, showing further the limitations of the ‘rational choice’ assumptions that underlie pluralism.
Global mental health and the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria
Authors: Weine Stevan Merill , Langenecker Scott , Arenliu Aliriza
Published: May 2018

Background:

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project presents innovative ways of investigating mental illness based on behavioral and neurobiological measures of dimensional processes. Although cultural psychiatrists have critiqued RDoC’s implications and limitations for its under-developed focus on context and experience, RDoC presents opportunities for synergies with global mental health. It can capture aspects of clinical or sub-clinical behavior which are less dependent upon Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) and perhaps better elucidate the role of culture in disease expression and resilience.

Aim/Results:

This article uses the example of migration to describe several starting points for new research: (1) providing components for building an investigable conceptual framework to understand individual’s mental health, resilience and adjustment to migration challenges or social adversities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and (2) identifying measurable factors which determine resilience or vulnerability, to guide development and evaluation of targeted prevention, treatment and recovery strategies for mental health in LMICs.

Conclusion:

In such ways, RDoC frameworks could help put the new cutting edge neurobiological dimensional scientific advances in a position to contribute to addressing mental health problems amid social adversities in LMICs. However, this would require a much-expanded commitment by both RDoC and global mental health researchers to address contextual and experiential dimensions.
Multiple Functions of Lysyl Oxidase Like-2 in Oral Fibroproliferative Processes
Authors: Saxena D. , Mahjour F. , Findlay A.D. , Mously E.A. , Kantarci A. , Trackman P.C.
Published: May 2018

Gingival overgrowth is a side effect of certain medications, including calcium channel blockers, cyclosporin A, and phenytoin. Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth is fibrotic. Lysyl oxidases are extracellular enzymes that are required for biosynthetic cross-linking of collagens, and members of this enzyme family are upregulated in fibrosis. Previous studies in humans and in a mouse model of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth have shown that LOXL2 is elevated in the epithelium and connective tissue in gingival overgrowth tissues and not in normal tissues. Here, using a novel LOXL2 isoform-selective inhibitor and knockdown studies in loss- and gain-of-function studies, we investigated roles for LOXL2 in promoting cultures of human gingival fibroblasts to proliferate and to accumulate collagen. Data indicate that LOXL2 stimulates gingival fibroblast proliferation, likely by a platelet-derived growth factor B receptor-mediated mechanism. Moreover, collagen accumulation was stimulated by LOXL2 enzyme and inhibited by LOXL2 inhibitor or gene knockdown. These studies suggest that LOXL2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to address oral fibrotic conditions.
Qualitative Secondary Analysis: Building Longitudinal Samples to Understand Men’s Generational Identities in Low Income Contexts
Authors: Tarrant Anna , Hughes Kahryn
Published: May 2018

There have been significant developments in methods of qualitative secondary analysis (QSA), prompted in part by growth in infrastructure for archiving and sharing qualitative data, facilitating reuse. Building from these developments, this article presents QSA that brings together subsamples of men in low income contexts from two qualitative longitudinal datasets produced under Timescapes, demonstrating the complex linkages between them, and addressing two key questions. First, in bringing these two datasets together, is it possible to build an intergenerational sample of men in low income contexts to further our understanding of their generational identities and intergenerational experiences? Second, what sorts of intergenerational, or intragenerational, analyses are possible? We conclude that it was not possible to build a straightforwardly vertical intergenerational sample, but intragenerational cohort analyses of generational identities have enabled insights into the dynamic relational processes productive of longitudinal experiences of marginalization and vulnerability for men living in low income contexts.
A temporally cyclic growth model of urban spatial morphology in China: Evidence from Kunming Metropolis
Authors: Wu Qiyan , Cheng Jianquan
Published: May 2018

Rapid urbanisation and complexity of political-economic transition in China has brought about continuous and remarkable changes of urban morphology over the past decades, which were driven by a mixture of spatial, social-economic and institutional forces. Understanding such urban morphological evolution requires new mixed evidence and holistic perspectives. In this paper, it is argued that two dominant types of urban growth in China: low-density expansion and high-density infill, might be driven by different forces at different stages. To interpret the processes of urban development, two easy-to-understand morphological indicators: ‘expansion-induced investment density index’ (EID) and ‘infill-induced investment density index’ (IID), are defined to measure the investment density per unit of developed land and used to compare the morphological changes between different phases in a long period by integrating spatial and socio-economic data. The temporal variation of these indicators suggests a cyclic growth model (CGM), which means the periodic switch between low-density expansion and high-density infill. Using Kunming metropolis as a case study, this paper has confirmed that its urban morphological evolution from 1950 to 2014 was periodically and reciprocally driven by a set of vis-à-vis dualistic dynamics, in which low-density expansion is led by pro-growth infrastructure-oriented public investment, while the high-density infill is activated by collective and rational actions of individual enterprises and their economic behaviours. It is concluded that the confirmed CGM model, together with two morphological indicators, offers a new holistic perspective and method to easily and integrally interpret urban morphological evolution and accordingly has potential theoretical implications for reasonably understanding the urbanisation in China.
Latin American Studies in China during the Cold War
Authors: Xianglin Mao , Huiye Shi
Published: May 2018

China’s Latin American studies during the Cold War can be divided into five phases. Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai showed concern for the development of Latin American studies in China. These studies were suspended during the Great Cultural Revolution. The field developed significantly in the 1970s and 1980s, with three academic associations being established and the five major systems of Latin American studies beginning to take shape. After 2000, Sino–Latin American relations entered a new era, and the first 10 years of the century saw their rapid development, opening broad perspectives for the field.

Los estudios latinoamericanos en China durante la Guerra Fría se pueden dividir en cinco fases. El presidente Mao Zedong y el primer ministro Zhou Enlai mostraron interés en el desarrollo de dichos estudios, pero estos se suspendieron durante la Revolución Cultural. Posteriormente, el campo se desarrolló de manera significativa durante los años setenta y ochenta gracias al establecimiento de tres asociaciones académicas y conforme se consolidaron los cinco sistemas principales de estudios latinoamericanos. Después del año 2000, las relaciones entre China y Latinoamérica entraron en una nueva fase, y la primera década del nuevo siglo atestiguó un rápido desarrollo que expandió las posibilidades en el campo.
Social Equity and “Fracking”: Local Awareness and Responses
Authors: Mischen Pamela A. , Swim Stephanie
Published: May 2018

Social equity is an important normative construct in public administration. However, its operationalization is vague and it is empirically underutilized. This article combines political economy, social equity, and environmental justice literatures to explore the contentious issue of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas (commonly called “fracking”). Through interviews with local officials, we show that local officials are aware of equity issues, many take action to reduce inequities related to gas drilling, and equity is often at odds with private property rights. Finally, equity issues are more likely to be associated with inequitable distribution of costs and benefits than traditional distributional social equity.
Optical Coherence Tomography of the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear: A Review
Authors: Tan Hsern Ern Ivan , Santa Maria Peter Luke , Wijesinghe Philip , Francis Kennedy Brendan , Allardyce Benjamin James , Eikelboom Robert Henry , Atlas Marcus David , Dilley Rodney James
Published: May 2018

Objective

To evaluate the recent developments in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for tympanic membrane (TM) and middle ear (ME) imaging and to identify what further development is required for the technology to be integrated into common clinical use.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed for English language articles published from January 1966 to January 2018 with the keywords “tympanic membrane or middle ear,”“optical coherence tomography,” and “imaging.”

Conclusion

Conventional imaging techniques cannot adequately resolve the microscale features of TM and ME, sometimes necessitating diagnostic exploratory surgery in challenging otologic pathology. As a high‐resolution noninvasive imaging technique, OCT offers promise as a diagnostic aid for otologic conditions, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and conductive hearing loss. Using OCT vibrometry to image the nanoscale vibrations of the TM and ME as they conduct acoustic waves may detect the location of ossicular chain dysfunction and differentiate between stapes fixation and incus‐stapes discontinuity. The capacity of OCT to image depth and thickness at high resolution allows 3‐dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the ME and has potential use for reconstructive tympanoplasty planning and the follow‐up of ossicular prostheses.

Implications for Practice

To achieve common clinical use beyond these initial discoveries, future in vivo imaging devices must feature low‐cost probe or endoscopic designs and faster imaging speeds and demonstrate superior diagnostic utility to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. While such technology has been available for OCT, its translation requires focused development through a close collaboration between engineers and clinicians.
Can Predictive Modeling Identify Head and Neck Oncology Patients at Risk for Readmission?
Authors: Manning Amy M. , Casper Keith A. , Peter Kay St. , Wilson Keith M. , Mark Jonathan R. , Collar Ryan M.
Published: May 2018

Objective

Unplanned readmission within 30 days is a contributor to health care costs in the United States. The use of predictive modeling during hospitalization to identify patients at risk for readmission offers a novel approach to quality improvement and cost reduction.

Study Design

Two‐phase study including retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data followed by prospective longitudinal study.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Prospectively collected data for patients undergoing surgical treatment for head and neck cancer from January 2013 to January 2015 were used to build predictive models for readmission within 30 days of discharge using logistic regression, classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, and random forests. One model (logistic regression) was then placed prospectively into the discharge workflow from March 2016 to May 2016 to determine the model's ability to predict which patients would be readmitted within 30 days.

Results

In total, 174 admissions had descriptive data. Thirty‐two were excluded due to incomplete data. Logistic regression, CART, and random forest predictive models were constructed using the remaining 142 admissions. When applied to 106 consecutive prospective head and neck oncology patients at the time of discharge, the logistic regression model predicted readmissions with a specificity of 94%, a sensitivity of 47%, a negative predictive value of 90%, and a positive predictive value of 62% (odds ratio, 14.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.02‐55.45).

Conclusion

Prospectively collected head and neck cancer databases can be used to develop predictive models that can accurately predict which patients will be readmitted. This offers valuable support for quality improvement initiatives and readmission‐related cost reduction in head and neck cancer care.
Annexin A2 is a Robo4 ligand that modulates ARF6 activation-associated cerebral trans-endothelial permeability
Authors: Li Wenlu , Chen Zhigang , Yuan Jing , Yu Zhanyang , Cheng Chongjie , Zhao Qiuchen , Huang Lena , Hajjar Katherine A , Chen Zhong , Lo Eng H , Dai Haibin , Wang Xiaoying
Published: May 2018

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in neurological disorders remains an intractable problem with limited therapeutic options. Here, we investigate whether the endothelial cell membrane protein annexin A2 (ANXA2) may play a role in reducing trans-endothelial permeability and maintaining cerebrovascular integrity after injury. Compared with wild-type mice, the expression of cerebral endothelial junctional proteins was reduced in E15.5 and adult ANXA2 knockout mice, along with increased leakage of small molecule tracers. In human brain endothelial cells that were damaged by hypoxia plus IL-1β, treatment with recombinant ANXA2 (rA2) rescued the expression of junctional proteins and decreased trans-endothelial permeability. These protective effects were mediated in part by interactions with F-actin and VE-cadherin, and the ability of rA2 to modulate signaling via the roundabout guidance receptor 4 (Robo4)-paxillin-ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) pathway. Taken together, these observations suggest that ANXA2 may be associated with the maintenance of endothelial tightness after cerebrovascular injury. ANXA2-mediated pathways should be further explored as potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB in neurological disorders.
“It Stops Your Brain From Making Assumptions About What a Body Should Look Like”: The Impact of Life Drawing on Adolescents, With Recommendations for Practitioners
Authors: Swami Viren , Shaw Liz
Published: May 2018

Studies have shown that life drawing can have positive effects on body image in adults. Here, we examined the effect of life drawing in a sample of British adolescents ( N = 14). Participants completed measures of positive body image, appearance investment, and self-esteem before attending three life drawing sessions over 7 weeks. Following the final session, they completed the same quantitative measures and answered open-ended questions about their experiences. Analyses of quantitative data showed that participants had significantly higher positive body image and lower dysfunctional appearance investment following the final session. However, responses to the open-ended questions suggested that most participants did not believe the sessions had impacted their body image. The latter data also suggested that participants felt discomfort with adult nudity, although most also indicated that the sessions had changed their perceptions of others. Based on our results, we make a number of recommendations for practitioners.
Relating Adhesion and Cohesion of Asphalts to the Effect of Moisture on Laboratory Performance of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Kanitpong Kunnawee , Bahia Hussain
Published: May 2018

Antistripping additives and polymer modifications are two common modifiers used to improve the fundamental properties of asphalt binders as those properties relate to the performance of asphalt mixtures. Adhesion and cohesion are two important related properties of asphalt binders that can affect asphalt mixture performance before and after water conditioning. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of antistripping additives and polymers on the adhesion and cohesion of binders and to relate these effects to the performance of mixtures as measured in the laboratory before and after water conditioning. The performance tests of asphalt mixtures included indirect tensile strength, uniaxial compression permanent deformation, and Hamburg wheel tracking. Asphalt mixtures were produced with different modified binders and with two aggregate types. The binders were modified with antistripping additives and polymers and by chemical treatment and oxidization methods. Granite and limestone were selected as two types of aggregate sources. The results indicate that the performance of asphalt mixtures is highly dependent on modification techniques and water conditioning. The overall performance of polymer-modified mixtures is more desirable than those of unmodified mixtures and of mixtures modified with antistripping additives. Polymers are found to improve rutting performance, adhesion, and cohesion of an asphalt binder. In contrast, the antistripping additive can improve only the adhesion without changing other properties. The results of this study also illustrate that the adhesion and cohesion of an asphalt binder are good indicators of the performance of asphalt mixtures in the laboratory when they are conditioned with water.
High-Temperature Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Marasteanu Mihai O. , Clyne Timothy , McGraw Jim , Li Xinjun , Velasquez Raul
Published: May 2018

Previous research efforts have shown that the rutting parameter used in the performance grade asphalt binder specifications, | G*|/ sin d, does not reasonably predict the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures, especially when modified binders are used. A number of other parameters, such as the zero shear rate viscosity and the permanent strain accumulated under repeated creep and recovery, were investigated; however, no consensus was achieved. This paper investigates the use of zero shear rate viscosity and of repeated creep permanent strain as potential specification parameters and discusses the importance of temperature susceptibility and of strain tolerance to the rut resistance of asphalt binders.
Automobile Ownership and Use in Neotraditional and Conventional Neighborhoods
Authors: Shay Elizabeth , Khattak Asad J.
Published: May 2018

Although the commonly accepted link between automobile ownership and automobile use has inspired some municipalities to experiment with neighborhood design in an attempt to influence both automobile ownership and travel behavior, the underlying relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership is still unclear. Evidence suggests that automobile ownership is tightly linked to income and household size and is less responsive to urban design. This research uses data from a matched pair of neighborhoods–-one conventional and one neotraditional–-to consider the relationship between neighborhood design and automobile ownership and the relationship between these factors and automobile use. Statistically significant differences were found for automobile ownership in the two neighborhoods. In addition, there were clear differences in automobile use–-residents of neotraditional developments made fewer automobile trips, traveled fewer miles in their vehicles, and spent less time driving. This has implications for planning strategies that may help reduce automobile trips and miles separately from changes in automobile ownership.
Analysis of Day-to-Day Variability in an Individual's Action Space
Authors: Susilo Yusak O. , Kitamura Ryuichi
Published: May 2018

Using 6-week travel diary data from Karlsruhe and Halle, Germany, this study examines the characteristics of individuals’ action space. The extension of action space is represented by the second moment of the activity locations that it contains. Day-to-day variation in the second moment is examined. The results show that out-of-home activity orientation and commitment (e.g., obligatory activities on weekdays and discretionary activities on weekend days) influence the extension of action space. For workers and students on weekdays, the spread of activity locations and the distance from home to the centroid of activity locations are relatively stable from day to day. A substantial portion of the variations in their action spaces is due to unexplained differences across individuals that remain stable over time for each individual (unobserved heterogeneity). In contrast, random factors have dominant influences on nonworkers’ weekday action spaces and on all individuals’ weekend action spaces.
Model for Determining Paratransit Eligibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act
Authors: Denson Carol R.
Published: May 2018

A model is described for the rational characterization and determination of paratransit eligibility for individuals under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The model refines the process of determining paratransit eligibility by comparing, at the microstructure level, the mobility characteristics of a given individual with the environmental characteristics for a given trip. The large array of data that results presents an infinite number of possibilities in the comparison. A relational database was therefore created, along with a specially designed computational algorithm, to generate these comparisons quickly. Thus, the model provides the capability to make eligibility determinations quickly and objectively. In addition, the model allows for the virtual removal of selected barriers and then prediction of the cost-effectiveness that results from the reduced need for selected paratransit trips.
Context-Sensitive Solutions
Authors: Townsend Teresa , Lane Leigh , Martin James
Published: May 2018

Context-sensitive solutions (CSS) is a comprehensive approach to transportation decision making that embraces the philosophy that transportation programs and projects should address the transportation need, be an asset to the community, and be compatible with the human and natural environment. The CSS movement is rooted in years of controversy stemming from the dissatisfaction of concerned citizens, environmentalists, historic preservationists, multimodal advocates, and others in the transportation decision-making process. In 2002 the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) signed an Environmental Stewardship Policy that proclaimed, “Our goal is to provide a safe and well-maintained transportation system that meets the needs of customers and supports the development of sustainable, vibrant communities.” NCDOT viewed the CSS approach as a critical element in institutionalizing its stewardship policy and developed the CSS course to encompass the goals of the stewardship policy. To date, more than 1,000 transportation professionals in North Carolina have been trained in CSS. This paper provides insight into the course development process, including course content, participants’ experiences, and recommendations for agencies interested in developing an effective CSS course.
Context-Sensitive Solutions in the Planning Process
Authors: D'Ignazio Janet , Hunkins Julie
Published: May 2018

During the past 5 years, there has been a national movement to integrate context-sensitive solutions (CSS) into transportation project planning and design. Applying CSS principles in the long-range planning process would help ensure that projects were CSS friendly from their earliest conception. This possibility has prompted CSS experts to discuss how CSS can be integrated into long-range planning. Two environmental stewardship initiatives under way at the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) provide a unique opportunity to explore this area. In the first initiative, NCDOT has a substantial CSS training program in place. To date, nearly 800 staff members and consultants have attended 3-day CSS training courses. In a separate stewardship initiative, NCDOT is redesigning the traditional thoroughfare plan process to create a new comprehensive transportation plan (CTP) process. Although these two initiatives have not been explicitly connected, this discussion examines how CSS principles are embedded in the proposed CTP process. However, substantial technical and institutional challenges must be dealt with before the CSS-based CTP process can be implemented fully. The conclusion of this discussion is that a state-of-the-practice, long-range transportation planning process should incorporate the CSS principles and decision-making characteristics that have been adopted in North Carolina.
Implementation of Cold In-Place Recycling with Expanded Asphalt Technology in Canada
Authors: Lane Becca , Kazmierowski Tom
Published: May 2018

Cold in-place recycling (CIR) is a pavement rehabilitation method that processes an existing hot-mix pavement, sizes it, mixes in additional asphalt cement, and lays it back down without off-site hauling and processing. The added asphalt cement is typically emulsified asphalt. A recent development in CIR technology is the use of expanded (foamed) asphalt rather than emulsified asphalt to bind the mix. This combination of CIR and expanded asphalt technologies is termed cold in-place recycled expanded asphalt mix (CIREAM). The Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO) constructed a CIREAM trial section on Highway 7 in July 2003. The 5-km CIREAM trial section was constructed adjacent to an 8-km section on which conventional CIR was performed. CIREAM placement resulted in a smooth, hard, uniform surface that provided an excellent platform for paving operations. The CIREAM placement progressed in a continuous and efficient manner, with 5 km placed over a 3-day period. Indirect tensile strength testing was carried out on both materials during construction. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing and evaluation of pavement roughness and rutting by the use of MTO's automatic road analyzer (ARAN) were carried out. Resilient modulus testing of core samples of the CIR material and CIREAM was also carried out. The results of the FWD, ARAN, and resilient modulus tests indicated that the CIR and CIREAM pavements were performing similarly. A field review 1 year after construction showed no discernible distortion, rutting, or cracking. On the basis of short-term results, CIREAM appears to be an acceptable in-place recycling and rehabilitation strategy that provides an economical alternative to conventional CIR, reduces curing time, and extends the construction season.