bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of quantitative markers in surgical prognostication after stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Makhalova Julia , Madec Tanguy , Medina Villalon Samuel , Jegou Aude , Lagarde Stanislas , Carron Romain , Scavarda Didier , Garnier Elodie , Bénar Christian G. , Bartolomei Fabrice
Published: September 2023

Objective

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is the reference method in the presurgical exploration of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. However, prognosticating surgery on an individual level is difficult. A quantified estimation of the most epileptogenic regions by searching for relevant biomarkers can be proposed for this purpose. We investigated the performances of ictal (Epileptogenicity Index, EI; Connectivity EI, cEI), interictal (spikes, high‐frequency oscillations, HFO [80–300 Hz]; Spikes × HFO), and combined (Spikes × EI; Spikes × cEI) biomarkers in predicting surgical outcome and searched for prognostic factors based on SEEG‐signal quantification.

Methods

Fifty‐three patients operated on following SEEG were included. We compared, using precision‐recall, the epileptogenic zone quantified using different biomarkers (EZq) against the visual analysis (EZC). Correlations between the EZ resection rates or the EZ extent and surgical prognosis were analyzed.

Results

EI and Spikes × EI showed the best precision against EZc (0.74; 0.70), followed by Spikes × cEI and cEI, whereas interictal markers showed lower precision. The EZ resection rates were greater in seizure‐free than in non‐seizure‐free patients for the EZ defined by ictal biomarkers and were correlated with the outcome for EI and Spikes × EI. No such correlation was found for interictal markers. The extent of the quantified EZ did not correlate with the prognosis.

Interpretation

Ictal or combined ictal–interictal markers overperformed the interictal markers both for detecting the EZ and predicting seizure freedom. Combining ictal and interictal epileptogenicity markers improves detection accuracy. Resection rates of the quantified EZ using ictal markers were the only statistically significant determinants for surgical prognosis.
3D‐Printed Low‐Cost Artificial Corneal Perfusion Chamber for Investigating Corneal Physiology and Diseases in Different Animal Species
Authors: Comtois-Bona Maxime Emmanuel , Chandra Astha , Hage Jinane El , Liu Bryan , David Garcia-Schejtman Sergio , MacAdam Aidan J. , Brunette Isabelle , Munoz Marcelo , Alarcon Emilio I.
Published: September 2023

Corneal blindness is the fourth‐most common form of blindness in the world. The only current therapy is a cornea transplant; however, only 1 out of 70 people would receive a corneal transplant. While cell models can be used to develop therapies for corneal diseases, they cannot recapitulate the complexity of the tissue, as displayed in animal models, which are expensive and complex to carry out. Thus, ex vivo models that can recapitulate the cornea structure are critical. Herein, a series of open‐access 3D‐printed corneal perfusion chambers that can closely recapitulate the native curvature of the cornea is presented, while also maintaining internal ocular pressure, for different animal species. These devices are made available open access to the scientific community, allow the study of corneal physiology, diseases, and to aid in future therapeutic discovery for cornea treatments.
Solvent Engineering of Hole‐Transport Layer for Improved Efficiency and Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mutlu Adem , Turgut Sevdiye Başak , Ekici Alper , Gültekin Burak , Zafer Ceylan
Published: September 2023

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the fastest‐growing photovoltaic technologies, many innovations are required to further improve performance and stability. The acetonitrile (ACN) solvent used to dissolve the Li‐TFSI salt in Spiro‐OMeTAD corrodes the perovskite thin film. In this study, 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol (1MEO) and 2‐ethoxy‐ethanol (2ETO) solvents are used by replacing ACN. The utilization of 1MEO results in improved hole mobility in Spiro‐OMeTAD and reduction in defects at the perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interface, thus diminishing nonradiative recombination. The recombination resistances in the low‐frequency range are determined via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and are found to be 3361.9 ohms for ACN‐Spiro‐OMeTAD, 4406.8 Ω for 1MEO‐Spiro‐OMeTAD, and 3815.3 Ω for 2MEO‐Spiro‐OMeTAD. These results indicate that the utilization of 1MEO and 2ETO instead of ACN effectively decreases charge recombination in PSCs. As a result, after replacing ACN with 1MEO and 2ETO, PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.3% and 20.0% respectively, while a PCE of 18.9% is obtained from the control device with ACN. During 45 d stability test, the initial efficiency of the control device decreases by 31.2%, while the 1MEO and 2ETO devices exhibit efficiency reductions of 12.2% and 7.7%, respectively.
Flexible and Printable Composite Ink for Thermal Management of Soft Electronics
Authors: Bark Hyunwoo , Lee Pooi See
Published: September 2023

Since heat generation in electronic devices causes thermal failure, heat dissipation is of critical importance. Furthermore, deformable devices are subjected to mechanical stress, therefore, mechanically stable thermal management material should be considered. Herein, a strategy for printable, thermally conductive, and mechanically stable composite ink for thermal management is introduced. Based on the galvanic replacement between eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles and silver (Ag) flakes, decoration of the EGaIn nanoparticles on Ag flakes is resulted from the difference in standard reduction potential between Ag, Ga, and In. The resultant alloy formation(Ag–Ga or Ag–In) serves as the thermal transport junction between Ag flakes, leading to high thermal and electrical conductivity (≈140 W mK−1 and ≈106 S m−1, respectively). In addition, owing to the polymer binder, the printed ink is mechanically stable on a substrate exhibiting stable thermal conductivity and sheet resistance under the cyclic bending test. Notably, the heat dissipation of the light‐emitting diode (LED) showed better performance when applied with the developed composite ink compared to commercial Ag paste and thermal paste. The junction temperature of the LED is reduced effectively, resulting in a longer lifetime of the LED. The thermal management solution can be utilized in next‐generation soft electronics.
Halide‐Driven Synthetic Control of InSb Colloidal Quantum Dots Enables Short‐Wave Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Muhammad  , Choi Dongsun , Parmar Darshan H. , Rehl Benjamin , Zhang Yangning , Atan Ozan , Kim Gahyeon , Xia Pan , Pina Joao M. , Li Mengsha , Liu Yanjiang , Voznyy Oleksandr , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H.
Published: September 2023

In the III–V family of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) semiconductors, InSb promises access to a wider range of infrared wavelengths compared to many light‐sensing material candidates. However, achieving the necessary size, size‐dispersity, and optical properties has been challenging. Here the synthetic challenges associated with InSb CQDs are investigated and it is found that uncontrolled reduction of the antimony precursor hampers the controlled growth of CQDs. To overcome this, a synthetic strategy that combines nonpyrophoric precursors with zinc halide additives is developed. The experimental and computational studies show that zinc halide additives decelerate the reduction of the antimony precursor, facilitating the growth of more uniformly sized CQDs. It is also found that the halide choice provides additional control over the strength of this effect. The resultant CQDs exhibit well‐defined excitonic transitions in spectral range of 1.26–0.98 eV, along with strong photoluminescence. By implementing a postsynthesis ligand exchange, colloidally stable inks enabling the fabrication of high‐quality CQD films are achieved. The first demonstration of InSb CQD photodetectors is presented reaching 75% external quantum efficiency (QE) at 1200 nm, to the knowledge the highest short‐wave infrared (SWIR) QE reported among heavy‐metal‐free infrared CQD‐based devices.
A Bi‐Co Corridor Construction Effectively Improving the Selectivity of Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction toward Ammonia by Nearly 100%
Authors: Zhao Rundong , Yan Qiuyu , Yu Lihong , Yan Tian , Zhu Xuya , Zhao Zongyan , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu
Published: September 2023

Improving the selective ammonia production capacity of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) at ambient conditions is critical to the future development and industrial application of electrosynthesis of ammonia. However, the reaction involves multi‐proton and electron transfer as well as the desorption and underutilization of intermediates, posing a challenge to the selectivity of NO3RR. Here the electrodeposition site of Co is modulated by depositing Bi at the bottom of the catalyst, thus obtaining the Co+Bi@Cu NW catalyst with a Bi‐Co corridor structure. In 50 mm NO3−, Co+Bi@Cu NW exhibits a highest Faraday efficiency of ≈100% (99.51%), an ammonia yield rate of 1858.2 µg h−1 cm−2 and high repeatability at −0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Moreover, the change of NO2− concentration on the catalyst surface observed by in situ reflection absorption imaging and the intermediates of the NO3RR process detected by electrochemical in situ Raman spectroscopy together verify the NO2− trapping effect of the Bi‐Co corridor structure. It is believed that the measure of modulating the deposition site of Co by loading Bi element is an easy‐to‐implement general method for improving the selectivity of NH3 production as well as the corresponding scientific research and applications.
Multimaterial 3D and 4D Bioprinting of Heterogenous Constructs for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Annan , Wang Wanying , Mao Zhengyi , He Yunhu , Chen Shiting , Liu Guo , Su Jin , Feng Pei , Shi Yusheng , Yan Chunze , Lu Jian
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer‐by‐layer shaping and stacking of discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in the fabrication of complicated implants for tissue engineering (TE). However, many native tissues exhibit anisotropic heterogenous constructs with diverse components and functions. Consequently, the replication of complicated biomimetic constructs using conventional AM processes based on a single material is challenging. Multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting (with time as the fourth dimension) has emerged as a promising solution for constructing multifunctional implants with heterogenous constructs that can mimic the host microenvironment better than single‐material alternatives. Notably, 4D‐printed multimaterial implants with biomimetic heterogenous architectures can provide a time‐dependent programmable dynamic microenvironment that can promote cell activity and tissue regeneration in response to external stimuli. This paper first presents the typical design strategies of biomimetic heterogenous constructs in TE applications. Subsequently, the latest processes in the multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting of heterogenous tissue constructs are discussed, along with their advantages and challenges. In particular, the potential of multimaterial 4D bioprinting of smart multifunctional tissue constructs is highlighted. Furthermore, this review provides insights into how multimaterial 3D and 4D bioprinting can facilitate the realization of next‐generation TE applications.
Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Optical Fibers Containing Anisotropic Morphology CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots Under Continuous Wave Excitation
Authors: Das Palash Kusum , Dhiman Nishant , Umapathy Siva , Gérôme Frédéric , Bhardwaj Asha
Published: September 2023

Fiber laser field is typically dominated by rare earth ions as gain material in the core of a silica optical waveguide. Due to their specific emission wavelengths, rare‐earth‐doped fiber lasers are available only at few predefined wavelengths. However, quantum dots (QDs) are materials which show tunable emission with change in size and composition. Due to such tunability, QDs seem to be promising candidates for obtaining fiber lasers at a spectrum of wavelengths which is not possible using rare earth ions. To replace rare earth ions with QDs, it is of paramount importance that QDs show signatures of optical gain. Herein, the synthesis of asymmetric pod‐shaped CdSe/CdS QDs is reported, which demonstrate efficient gain on pumping. The intrinsic gain properties of the QDs are evaluated through transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Later, the exquisite QDs are used to fabricate specialty fibers from which amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is obtained using continuous wave laser pump at room temperature. Finally, emission signal stability is checked by studying photobleaching and controlling the concentration of the QDs.
Suppressing Deformation of Silicon Anodes via Interfacial Synthesis for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Taeyong , Kim Namhyung , Lee Jiyun , Lee Yoonkwang , Sung Jaekyung , Kim Hyeongjun , Chae Sujong , Cha Hyungyeon , Son Yeonguk , Kwak Sang Kyu , Cho Jaephil
Published: September 2023

Silicon anodes with high energy density are prone to mechanical deformation during cycling, including fracture, pulverization, and delamination from conductive materials, due to their large volume expansion and contraction. Although significant attention is paid to outer interface engineering such as surface coating and electrolyte design in order to maintain a steady solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), there are currently few strategies in place for stabilizing the inner interface between Si and conductive carbon host materials. In this work, it is reported that an interfacial SiC chemical bonding enhances the interaction between Si and carbon, which in turn suppresses nano‐sized void evolution and ensues Si delamination. Through the open‐edge structure of carbon nanotube (OCNT), it is demonstrated that graphitic edge planes enable to evoke of interfacial SiC specifically at the junction without overgrowth toward the bulk. As a result, an Si‐graphite composite consisting of interfacial SiC exhibits a sF cycling life (79.5% for 300 cycles at 3C charging), as well as lower overpotential under high current density up to 5C compared to paired LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM) cathode in pouch full‐cell tests. This study highlights the significance of inner interface engineering for developing high‐energy density Si‐based anodes toward fast charging and long‐term stability.
Preparation of Composite Single‐Ion Conductor Membrane and Its Application in Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Wang Mingxing , Zhuge Xiangqun , Liu Tong , Jia Shuyong , Luo Kun , Ren Yurong , Shahzad Aamir , Liu Xiaoteng
Published: September 2023

Redox mediators (RMs) are reported to effectually encourage the inactive decomposition of discharge products in lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs); however, oxidized RMs and other injurious species still attack the Li anodes. An ionic liquid (IL)‐modified PVDF single‐lithium‐ion conducting composite membrane that can permit Li+ only but blocks anions and other molecules is prepared. The PVDF is combined with the strong‐acid cation styrene exchange resin with cation exchange characteristics to make a heterogeneous composite single‐ionic conductor membrane and the IL modification causes the formation of a more‐dense groove inside the PVDF membrane apparently strengthening the conductivity of the membrane without losing its impermeability to cations and discharge intermediates. The utility of the modified composite PVDF (MCP) separator greatly extends the cycle life of the LOB from 66 to 347 cycles at 1000 mAg−1 and 1000 mAhg−1 compared to cells using glass fiber separators. Rate performance is significantly enhanced at 3000 and 5000 mAg−1, increasing from 33 and 21 cycles to 171 and 137 cycles. The full discharge capacity also expands from 3702 to 51 205 mAhg−1. The MCP separator enables iodide‐assisted cathode processes and improves lithium anode stripping/plating, which is essential to improve the performance of nonelectrolytic LOBs.
Early life drought predicts components of adult body size in wild female baboons
Authors: Levy Emily J. , Lee Anna , Long'ida Siodi I. , Helmich Emma C. , McLean Emily M. , Malone Elise J. , Pickard Maggie J. , Ranjithkumar Riddhi , Tung Jenny , Archie Elizabeth A. , Alberts Susan C.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

In many taxa, adverse early‐life environments are associated with reduced growth and smaller body size in adulthood. However, in wild primates, we know very little about whether, where, and to what degree trajectories are influenced by early adversity, or which types of early adversity matter most. Here, we use parallel‐laser photogrammetry to assess inter‐individual predictors of three measures of body size (leg length, forearm length, and shoulder‐rump length) in a population of wild female baboons studied since birth.

Materials and Methods

Using >2000 photogrammetric measurements of 127 females, we present a cross‐sectional growth curve of wild female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from juvenescence through adulthood. We then test whether females exposed to several important sources of early‐life adversity—drought, maternal loss, low maternal rank, or a cumulative measure of adversity—were smaller for their age than females who experienced less adversity. Using the “animal model,” we also test whether body size is heritable in this study population.

Results

Prolonged early‐life drought predicted shorter limbs but not shorter torsos (i.e., shoulder‐rump lengths). Our other measures of early‐life adversity did not predict variation in body size. Heritability estimates for body size measures were 36%–67%. Maternal effects accounted for 13%–17% of the variance in leg and forearm length, but no variance in torso length.

Discussion

Our results suggest that baboon limbs, but not torsos, grow plastically in response to maternal effects and energetic early‐life stress. Our results also reveal considerable heritability for all three body size measures in this study population.
Carbon‐Based Electron Buffer Layer on ZnOx−Fe5C2−Fe3O4 Boosts Ethanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Wenhang , He Ruosong , Li Meng , Zhang Jinqiang , Cao Fengliang , Liu Jianxin , Lin Shiyuan , Gao Xinhua , Yang Guohui , Wang Mingqing , Xing Tao , Liu Tao , Liu Qiang , Hu Han , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Wu Mingbo
Published: September 2023

The conversion of CO2 into ethanol with renewable H2 has attracted tremendous attention due to its integrated functions of carbon elimination and chemical synthesis, but remains challenging. The electronic properties of a catalyst are essential to determine the adsorption strength and configuration of the key intermediates, therefore altering the reaction network for targeted synthesis. Herein, we describe a catalytic system in which a carbon buffer layer is employed to tailor the electronic properties of the ternary ZnOx−Fe5C2−Fe3O4, in which the electron‐transfer pathway (ZnOx→Fe species or carbon layer) ensures the appropriate adsorption strength of −CO* on the catalytic interface, facilitating C−C coupling between −CHx* and −CO* for ethanol synthesis. Benefiting from this unique electron‐transfer buffering effect, an extremely high ethanol yield of 366.6 gEtOH kgcat−1 h−1 (with CO of 10 vol % co‐feeding) is achieved from CO2 hydrogenation. This work provides a powerful electronic modulation strategy for catalyst design in terms of highly oriented synthesis.
A Coformer Approach for Supramolecular Polymerization at High Concentrations
Authors: Isobe Atsushi , Kajitani Takashi , Yagai Shiki
Published: September 2023

Insolubility of functional molecules caused by polymorphism sometimes poses limitations for their solution‐based processing. Such a situation can also occur in the preparation processes of supramolecular polymers formed in a solution. An effective strategy to address this issue is to prepare amorphous solid states by introducing a “coformer” molecule capable of inhibiting the formation of an insoluble polymorph through co‐aggregation. Herein, inspired by the coformer approach, we demonstrated a solubility enhancement of a barbiturate π‐conjugated compound that can supramolecularly polymerize through six‐membered hydrogen‐bonded rosettes. Our newly synthesized supramolecular coformer molecule features a sterically demanding methyl group in the π‐conjugated unit of the parent molecule. Although the parent molecule exhibits low solubility in nonpolar solvents due to the formation of a crystalline polymorph comprising a tape‐like hydrogen‐bonded array prior to the supramolecular polymerization, mixing with the coformer compound enhanced the solubility by inhibiting mesoscopic organization of the tapes. The two monomers were then co‐polymerized into desired helicoidal supramolecular polymers through the formation of heteromeric rosettes.
Identification of highly potent 2,4‐diarylaminopyrimidine analogs of a typical piperidinyl‐4‐ol moiety as promising antitumor ALK inhibitors
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Wang Fuyi , Yang Juanjuan , Su Guangyue , Cao Zhi , Shan Mengya , Zhai Xin
Published: September 2023

In light of the cocrystal structure of ceritinib with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)WT protein, a series of novel 2,4‐diarylaminopyrimidine analogs (L1–L25) bearing a typical piperidinyl‐4‐ol moiety were designed and synthesized with improved biological and physicochemical properties. Satisfyingly, most compounds demonstrated moderate to excellent antitumor effects with IC50 values below 5 μM on ALK‐positive Karpas299 and H2228 cells. In particular, L6 bearing the 1‐(6‐methoxy‐pyridin‐2‐yl)‐4‐(morpholinomethyl)piperidinyl‐4‐ol moiety was detected as the optimal compound against ALK‐dependent cell lines of Karpas299 (0.017 μM) and H2228 cells (0.052 μM), in company with encouraging ALK enzyme inhibition (ALKWT, IC50 = 1.8 nM). In addition, L6 was also capable of inhibiting ALK‐resistant mutations, including ALKL1196M (3.9 nM) and ALKG1202R (5.2 nM). Remarkably, L6 typically repressed colony formation and migration of H2228 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, acridine orange‐ethidium bromide staining analysis indicated that the proapoptotic effect of L6 was better than that of ceritinib at the same concentration (50 nM). Ultimately, the binding patterns of L6 to ALKWT and ALKG1202R were ideally established, which further confirmed the structural basis in accordance with the structure–activity relationship analysis.
Auditory evoked potentials in adolescents with autism: An investigation of brain development, intellectual impairment, and neural encoding
Authors: Schwartz Sophie , Wang Le , Uribe Sofia , Shinn‐Cunningham Barbara G. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen
Published: September 2023

Limited research has evaluated neural encoding of sounds from a developmental perspective in individuals with autism (ASD), especially among those with intellectual disability. We compared auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in autistic adolescents with a wide range of intellectual abilities (n = 40, NVIQ 30–160) to both age‐matched cognitively able neurotypical adolescent controls (NT‐A, n = 37) and younger neurotypical children (NT‐C, n = 27) to assess potential developmental delays. In addition to a classic measure of peak amplitude, we calculated a continuous measure of intra‐class correlation (ICC) between each adolescent participant's AEP and the age‐normative, average AEP waveforms calculated from NT‐C and NT‐A to study differences in signal morphology. We found that peak amplitudes of neural responses were significantly smaller in autistic adolescents compared to NT‐A. We also found that the AEP morphology of autistic adolescents looked more like NT‐A peers than NT‐C but was still significantly different from NT‐A AEP waveforms. Results suggest that AEPs of autistic adolescents present differently from NTs, regardless of age, and differences cannot be accounted for by developmental delay. Nonverbal intelligence significantly predicted how closely each adolescent's AEP resembled the age‐normed waveform. These results support an evolving theory that the degree of disruption in early neural responses to low‐level inputs is reflected in the severity of intellectual impairments in autism.
Characterizing subdomains of insistence on sameness in autistic youth
Authors: Spackman Emily , Smillie Luke D. , Frazier Thomas W. , Hardan Antonio Y. , Uljarević Mirko
Published: September 2023

Insistence on sameness (IS) encompasses a range of behavioral patterns, including resistance to change, routines, and ritualized behaviors, that can be present across social and non‐social contexts. Given the breadth of behaviors encompassed by IS, it is important to determine whether this domain is best conceptualized and measured as uni‐ or a multi‐dimensional construct. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the structure of IS and explore potentially distinct of patterns of associations between identified IS factors and relevant correlates, including age, sex, IQ, anxiety, social abilities, emotional and behavioral dysregulation, and sensory hypersensitivity. Exploratory graph analysis was conducted using the dimensional assessment of restricted and repetitive behaviors to examine the structure of IS in a sample 1892 autistic youth (Mage = 10.82, SDage = 4.14; range: 3–18 years; 420 females) recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge cohort. Three distinct IS subdomains labeled as IS‐Ritualistic/sameness, IS‐Routines, and IS‐Others (referring to IS behaviors during interactions with others) were identified. Generalized additive models demonstrated that each of the IS subdomains showed a unique pattern of association with key variables. More specifically, while sensory hypersensitivity was significantly associated with IS‐Ritualistic/sameness and IS‐Routines, it was not associated with IS‐Others. Further, while emotional dysregulation was a unique predictor of IS‐Ritualistic/sameness (but not IS‐Routines or IS‐Others), social interaction abilities were a unique predictor of IS‐Routines (but not IS‐Ritualistic/sameness or IS‐Others). Current findings provide preliminary evidence that the IS may encompass several distinct subdomains.
Epstein–Barr virus reactivation‐related meningoencephalitis with transverse myelitis in pregnancy
Authors: Nguyen Andrew Dang Khai , Siu Ronald , Kleinschmidt Grant , Sood Bimal Prakash , Shandiz Ehsan Esmaili
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Consider the differential of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in pregnant women who develop progressive meningoencephalitis and transverse myelitis. EBV nucleic acid amplification should be considered in immunosuppressed patients.

A 32‐year‐old G10P6M3K22 pregnant female presented to a regional hospital with progressive severe neurological and behavioral deficits. Magnetic resonance revealed cervical transverse myelitis. Lumbar puncture confirmed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA on a background of IgG‐positive EBV serology. A diagnosis of EBV reactivation‐related meningoencephalitis with transverse myelitis in pregnancy was concluded.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with left ventricle outflow tract chordae insertion: Surgery or alcohol septal ablation? A case report
Authors: Hammami Rania , Kammoun Amine , Hassine Majed , Ellouze Tarek , Gargouri Rania , Abid Leila
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Anomalous insertion of chordae is a rare disease that could be associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), but clinical and echocardiographic diagnoses tend to be delayed. Alcohol septal ablation has emerged as an alternative to surgical myomectomy in HOCM. When a patient showed an anomalous insertion of chordae, physicians generally opt for surgery and not alcohol septal ablation. In this report, we present the case of a lady, with symptomatic HOCM associated with a chord inserted on the left ventricular outflow tract. We succeeded to relieve obstruction by alcohol septal ablation without the need for surgery.
Molecules that Turn Themselves Inside‐Out: Tuning in/out Equilibria and Homeomorphic Isomerization in Macrobicyclic Dibridgehead Diphosphines P((CH2)n)3P Newly Accessible by Earth‐Abundant‐Metal Templates
Authors: Zarcone Samuel R. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Gladysz John A.
Published: September 2023

Photolyses of trans‐Fe(CO)3(P((CH2)n)3P) (n=10 (a), 12 (b), 14 (c), 16 (d), 18 (e)) in the presence of PMe3 provide the first economical and scalable route to macrobicyclic dibridgehead diphosphines P((CH2)n)3P (1). These are isolated as mixtures of in,in/out,out isomers that equilibrate with degenerate in,out/out,in isomers at 150 °C via pyramidal inversion at phosphorus. For the entire series, VT 31P NMR data establish or bound Keq, rates, and activation parameters for a variety of phenomena, many of which involve homeomorphic isomerizations, topological processes by which certain molecules can turn themselves inside out (e. g., in,in⇌out,out). This provides the first detailed mapping of such trends in homologous series of aliphatic bicyclic compounds XE((CH2)n)3EX with any type of bridgehead. Isomeric diborane adducts 1 a,d ⋅ 2BH3 are also characterized. Crystal structures of out,out‐1 a and in,in‐1 a ⋅ 2BH3 aid isomer assignments and reveal unusual cage conformations.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent C‐H Olefination of Imidazo[1,2a]pyridine Carboxamide and Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Mohite Sachin Balaso , Mane Manoj V. , Bera Milan , Karpoormath Rajshekhar
Published: September 2023

Despite remarkable successes in linear and branched vinyl (hetero) arene synthesis, regiodivergent C−H olefination with a single catalytic system has remained underdeveloped. Overcoming this limitation, a Pd/MPAA‐catalyzed regiodivergent C−H olefination of imidazo[1,2a] pyridine carboxamides with unactivated terminal alkenes to generate branched and linear olefinated products depending upon the electronic nature of alkenes is reported herein. Moreover, this protocol can be applied for C−H deuteriation of the corresponding heteroarenes with D2O as deuterium source. Preliminary experimental studies combined with computational investigations (DFT studies) suggest that regiodivergent olefination can be controlled by olefin insertion and β‐hydride elimination steps.
Analytical and preparative chiral supercritical fluid chromatography resolutions using crown ether‐derived column
Authors: Yue Lei , Miller Larry , Reilly John
Published: September 2023

In this study, crown ether‐derived column Crownpak® CR‐I (+) was evaluated under SFC conditions using 12 primary amines, and the chromatographic results were compared against eight immobilized polysaccharide‐based columns. Crownpak® CR‐I (+) achieved a significantly higher success rate. It was found that the addition of 5% water to the modifier dramatically improved the peak shape for chiral separation of primary amines on Crownpak® CR‐I (+). The first reported preparative SFC separations on Crownpak® CR‐I (+) are shown, offering a new approach for the preparative resolution of primary amines. The case studies demonstrate that Crownpak® CR‐I (+) is a very useful column in the chiral separation of challenging compounds that contain a primary amine group in the pharmaceutical industry.
Metallaphotoredox‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Couplings for Practical Synthesis of Ureas and Carbamates†
Authors: Koranteng Ernest , Shu Zhen‐Cao , Liu Yi‐Yin , Yang Qian , Shi Bin , Wu Qiang‐Xian , Tan Fen , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Ureas are widely used in drugs, materials and catalysts because of their diamide structure, which can form strong hydrogen bonds. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to develop efficient and green methods for the synthesis of urea compounds, especially unsymmetrical ureas. Here, we have disclosed novel and highly efficient three‐component coupling reactions of organic halides, sodium cyanate and amines enabled by nickel/photoredox dual catalysis for the preparation of unsymmetrical ureas. The reaction features simple and safe operations, broad substrate scopes, and product diversities. It allows the facile synthesis of N‐aryl/vinyl ureas from readily available, user‐friendly feedstocks under mild conditions (27 examples, 36%—98% yields). In addition, this method is further derived to alcohols as nucleophiles to synthesize a series of carbamates (15 examples, 40%—95% yields). The mechanism experiment shows that the isocyanate produced by the coupling of halide and sodium cyanate may be the key intermediate in this reaction.
High‐level ab initio evidence of bipyramidal Cu5 clusters as fluxional Jahn‐Teller molecules
Authors: Mitrushchenkov Alexander O. , de Lara‐Castells María Pilar
Published: September 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by María Pilar de Lara‐Castells, Head of the AbinitFot Group at IFF‐CSIC (Madrid), Coordinator of the National Project “COSYES”, and Chair of the COST Action CA21101 “COSY“, and Alexander O. Mitrushchenkov from the Université Paris‐Est. The image shows the connection between the Jahn‐Teller effect featured by bypiramidal Cu5 clusters and the property of fluxionality. Cover design by Katarzyna Krupka. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300317.
Surface Modification Driven Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Rate Performance Enhancement of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode
Authors: Li Wanyun , Zhao Bangchuan , Bai Jin , Wang Peiyao , Mao Yunjie , Xiao Ke , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: September 2023

Due to its high energy density and low cost, Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides are considered potential cathode materials for next generation Li‐ion batteries. However, they still suffer from the serious obstacle of low initial Coulombic efficiency, which is detrimental to their practical application. Here, an efficient surface modification method via NH4H2PO4 assisted pyrolysis is performed to improve the Coulombic efficiency of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, where appropriate oxygen vacancies, Li3PO4 and spinel phase are synchronously generated in the surface layer of LMR microspheres. Under the synergistic effect of the oxygen vacancies and spinel phase, the unavoidable oxygen release in the cycling process was effectively suppressed. Moreover, the induced Li3PO4 nanolayer could boost the lithium‐ion diffusion and mitigate the dissolution of transition metal ions, especially manganese ions, in the material. The optimally modified sample yielded an impressive initial Coulombic efficiency and outstanding rate performance.
Non‐coding RNAs in cancer immunotherapy: Predictive biomarkers and targets
Authors: Alahdal Murad , Elkord Eyad
Published: September 2023

Background

To date, standardising clinical predictive biomarkers for assessing the response to immunotherapy remains challenging due to variations in personal genetic signatures, tumour microenvironment complexities and epigenetic onco‐mechanisms.

Main body

Early monitoring of key non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) biomarkers may help in predicting the clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and come up with standard predictive ncRNA biomarkers. For instance, reduced miR‐125b‐5p level in the plasma of non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 predicts a positive outcome. The level of miR‐153 in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte (CAR‐T) cell therapy may indicate the activation of T‐cell killing activity. miR‐148a‐3p and miR‐375 levels may forecast favourable responses to CAR‐T‐cell therapy in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In cancer patients treated with the GPC3 peptide vaccine, serum levels of miR‐1228‐5p, miR‐193a‐5p and miR‐375‐3p were reported as predictive biomarkers of good response and improved overall survival. Therefore, there is a critical need for further studies to elaborate on the key ncRNA biomarkers that have the potential to predict early clinical responses to immunotherapy.

Conclusion

This review summarises important predictive ncRNA biomarkers that were reported in cancer patients treated with different immunotherapeutic modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, cancer vaccines and CAR‐T cells. In addition, a concise discussion on forthcoming perspectives is provided, outlining technical approaches for the optimal utilisation of immunomodulatory ncRNA biomarkers as predictive tools and therapeutic targets.
Loss of αβ but not γδ T cells in chickens causes a severe phenotype
Authors: von Heyl Theresa , Klinger Romina , Aumann Dorothea , Zenner Christian , Alhussien Mohanned , Schlickenrieder Antonina , Lengyel Kamila , Vikkula Hanna‐Kaisa , Mittermair Teresa , Sid Hicham , Schusser Benjamin
Published: September 2023

The availability of genetically modified mice has facilitated the study of mammalian T cells. No model has yet been developed to study these cells in chickens, an important livestock species with a high availability of γδ T cells. To investigate the role of γδ and αβ T cell populations in birds, we generated chickens lacking these T cell populations. This was achieved by genomic deletion of the constant region of the T cell receptor γ or β chain, leading to a complete loss of either γδ or αβ T cells. Our results show that a deletion of αβ T cells but not γδ T cells resulted in a severe phenotype in KO chickens. The αβ T cell KO chickens exhibited granulomas associated with inflammation of the spleen and the proventriculus. Immunophenotyping of αβ T cell KO chickens revealed a significant increase in monocytes and expectedly the absence of CD4+ T cells including FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Surprisingly there was no increase of γδ T cells. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in immunoglobulins, B lymphocytes, and changes in the bursa morphology. Our data reveal the consequences of T cell knockouts in chickens and provide new insights into their function in vertebrates.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Oxidative Arylation of 7‐Azaindazole N‐Oxide at the C6‐Position
Authors: Nassiri Sarah , Bousmina Mostapha , Suzenet Franck , Guillaumet Gérald , El Kazzouli Saïd
Published: September 2023

A new strategy is reported for the C−H/C−H functionalization of 7‐azaindazoles at the C6‐position through a regioselective oxidative arylation using N‐oxide activation. This methodology allowed selective and original access to C6‐arylated 7‐azaindazoles with different substituted arenes and heteroarenes.
The Construction of a New Policy Domain in Debates on German Internet Policy
Authors: Reiberg Abel
Published: September 2023

Within the past two decades, the emergence of a new policy domain has become evident in several countries. One example is Germany, where the political parties appointed spokespeople for Internet policy and a standing parliamentary committee for a “digital agenda” has been established. In this paper, the question of how political actors are constructing the new domain of Internet policy is addressed with an empirical analysis. While briefly describing the underlying theoretical framework, it is argued that the development of the new policy domain can be understood as a process of “collaborative meaning making” (Fligstein & McAdam, 2012). During this process, networks of political actors settle for a shared understanding regarding the societal problems that give reason to state intervention and the form this intervention may take. The empirical study is focused on the first debates on German Internet policy. Two text corpora containing parliamentary minutes and articles of five major newspapers are analyzed using close as well as distant reading techniques. The results show how political actors established a shared understanding regarding the policy domain and how this resulted in its particular governmental institutionalization.
Learning Processes in Hungarian Health Policy 1990–2004: A Case Study of Health Resource Allocation
Authors: Babarczy Balázs , Imre László
Published: September 2023

Hungary became a democracy and market economy in 1989–1990. As a result of the transition process, new ideas and solutions were adapted to the various problems of public policy. This paper analyzes the policy and political learning processes of Hungarian health policy within an advocacy coalition framework. We focus on a case study of health resource allocation reforms, and use it as a proxy for wider health policy analysis, given the pivotal importance of this field in health policy reforms, particularly at the beginning of the period observed. When defining the right principles and solutions, it appears stakeholders were influenced to a large degree by trial‐and‐error learning processes: this may be at least partially attributable to the technical nature of the policy problems.
Equal Treatment, Labor Promotion, or Social Investment? Reconciliation Policy in Finnish and Dutch Coalition Programs 1995–2016
Authors: van Gerven Minna , Nygård Mikael
Published: September 2023

This article investigates government‐level intentions on work/family reconciliation policies in Finland and the Netherlands. By analyzing the coalition programs between 1995 and 2016, it traces three dominant ideas of equal treatment, employment promotion, and social investment in the reconciliation policy discourses in these countries. The content analysis shows a general tendency toward labor promotion in both countries and weak steps toward social investment have been taken. The dominant ideas seem, however, reasonably stable over time.
Grain size estimation in fluvial gravel bars using uncrewed aerial vehicles: A comparison between methods based on imagery and topography
Authors: Wong Tyler , Khanal Sami , Zhao Kaiguang , Lyon Steve W.
Published: September 2023

Grain size assessments are necessary for understanding the various geomorphological, hydrological and ecological processes that occur within rivers. Recent research has shown that the application of Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry to imagery from uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) shows promise for rapidly characterising grain sizes along rivers in comparison to traditional field‐based methods. Here, we evaluated the applicability of different methods for estimating grain sizes in gravel bars along a study reach in the Olentangy River in Columbus, Ohio. We collected imagery of these gravel bars with a UAV and processed those images with SfM photogrammetry software to produce three‐dimensional point clouds and orthomosaics. Our evaluation compared statistical models calibrated on topographic roughness, which was computed from the point clouds, and to those based on image texture, which was computed from the orthomosaics. Our results showed that statistical models calibrated on image texture were more accurate than those based on topographic roughness. This might be because of site‐specific patterns of grain size, shape and imbrication. Such patterns would have complicated the detection of topographic signatures associated with individual grains. Our work illustrates that UAV‐SfM approaches show potential to be used as an accessible method for characterising surface grain sizes along rivers at higher spatial and temporal resolutions than those provided by traditional methods.
The characteristics of microwave‐treated insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from grape and their effects on bread quality
Authors: Baskaya‐Sezer Duygu
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the morphological and hydration properties of untreated and microwave (MW)‐treated isolate forms of soluble (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibers (IDF) obtained from grapes. Then, the rheological, textural, and other physical effects of the fibers (5% flour basis) were evaluated on bread quality. For this purpose, grape pomace was valorized as the juice extraction waste. MW significantly improved hydration properties of SDF and IDF by modifying their microstructures (p < .05). SDF had a clean‐cut morphology whereas IDF had an indented microstructure with a wrinkled surface. After MW treatment, deep grooves and holes were observed. These variations in the IDF structure were more extensive. DF additions influenced water absorption, mixing tolerance index, dough development time, dough stability, resistance to extension, extensibility, energy of the dough and hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, weight loss, specific volume, crust color difference of the bread in comparison with the properties of control samples significantly (p < .05). IDF had especially pronounced effects on the dough and bread characteristics. SDF enrichment provided more comparable results with the control bread than IDF. The originality of this work is to characterize isolated (100% purity) SDFs and IDFs, then discuss their effects on semi (dough) and final (bread) product quality.
Australasian genetic counselors' attitudes toward disability and prenatal testing: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yanes Tatiane , Nathan Vaishnavi , Wallingford Courtney , Faragher Rhonda , Nankervis Karen , Jacobs Chris , Vassos Maria , Boyle Fran , Carroll Annemaree , Smith Simon , McInerney‐Leo Aideen
Published: September 2023

Diagnostic genetic testing and non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for conditions associated with disability are becoming increasingly available to consumers. This genetic information can be used in the disability setting to inform factors such as prognosis, management, and reproductive decision‐making. Genetic counselors (GCs) play an important role in the provision of genetic testing and NIPT, and their attitudes toward disability can influence how genetic information is communicated and shape patients' responses. This study aimed to evaluate and describe Australasian GCs' experience with and attitudes toward disabilities to identify potential biases and training needs. A cross‐sectional survey was distributed to 400 GCs registered with the Human Genetics Society of Australasia. Of the 106 respondents (participation rate: 26%), a significantly greater proportion were more comfortable interacting with individuals with physical disability as compared to intellectual disability (p < 0.001). GCs with personal experiences with disabilities reported significantly greater comfort interacting with people with intellectual disability than those without experience (p = 0.012). Qualitative analysis revealed discomfort was less reflective of bias than inexperience and apprehension about communicating disrespectfully. GCs believed people with disabilities experience discrimination and that having a disability could make a person stronger, wiser, and more motivated. Most GCs viewed prenatal testing for disabilities positively as it allowed for decisions regarding continuing the pregnancy and/or provided opportunity to prepare. Challenges identified for prenatal counseling included negative societal attitudes and the low visibility of disability. GCs felt that ‘personal beliefs’ was the primary factor influencing the decision to terminate a pregnancy affected by disability. These findings highlight important education and training needs for GCs to improve preparedness and comfort when communicating with people with a disability.