bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging near‐borehole structure using directional acoustic‐wave measurement
Authors: Tang Xiaoming M.
Published: December 2004

This study shows how to image the structure of a near‐borehole geologic formation and determine its orientation using a directional acoustic measurement tool in the borehole. The advantage of the directional tool over a conventional monopole tool is that the former uses a dipole source and/or receiver to obtain multiple component data that are sensitive to the orientation of the structure. To preserve the orientation information in the presence of tool rotation, the multiple component data are converted from the tool‐frame coordinates into a fixed coordinate system using the recorded tool azimuth. The component data in the fixed coordinates are then used to image the formation structure and determine its orientation. The application of the method and procedure is demonstrated with a four‐component cross‐dipole data set measured in a deviated borehole. Using the directionality of the compressional waves in the dipole data, the method successfully obtains the orientation of bed boundaries crossing the borehole. In addition, the low‐frequency content (about 2–3 kHz) of the data allows for imaging the radial extent of the formation structure up to 15 m, greatly enhancing the penetration depth as compared to that obtained using conventional monopole compressional‐wave data.
Discontinuity Characterization by the inversion of the spectral content of ground penetrating radar (GPR) Reflections—Application of the Jonscher model
Authors: Grégoire Colette , Hollender Fabrice
Published: December 2004

We compare the spectral ratio between measured reflected wavelets and a reference wavelet for the case of thin‐layer reflectors to estimate the frequency‐dependent dielectric permittivities of the reflectors and their thicknesses. We use a grid‐search algorithm to estimate the permittivity model and the thickness that minimizes the misfit between theoretical and measured ground penetrating radar (GPR) data and the Jonscher law to model the frequency dependence of the effective dielectric permittivity. We test this inversion method on two sets of high‐frequency GPR data recorded on metric‐scale laboratory models characterized by discontinuities with different thicknesses and different filling materials. When the ratio of the dominant wavelength of the GPR pulse to the thickness of the layer is less than four, the inversion provides satisfactory values for the electric parameters and thickness of the discontinuity. If the ratio is greater than four and the reflection coefficient varies weakly within the considered frequency range, either the thickness or the permittivity must be known to obtain reliable results for the other parameters. Given this limitation, the spectral analysis of a radar reflection provides a reliable characterization of the discontinuities.
A new method to determine phase velocities of Rayleigh waves from microseisms
Authors: Cho Ikuo , Tada Taku , Shinozaki Yuzo
Published: December 2004

We have developed a new method to determine phase velocities from the vertical component of microseisms recorded with an array of seismic sensors spaced around the circumference of a circle. We calculate two different time histories by taking the average of the seismograms with differing sets of weights for the sensor stations. The spectral ratio of these two time histories contains no information on the arrival directions or on the amplitudes of the incoming waves but depends solely on the phase velocities of the arriving modes.

Theoretical considerations indicate that the effects of directional aliasing caused by the use of a finite number of sensors in the field implementation of our method are small in most situations except for short wavelengths. The presence of incoherent noise limits the efficacy of our method for long wavelengths. In field tests using arrays of three seismic sensors, we obtained appropriate estimates of phase velocities in the wavelength range from 5r to 30r where r, the array radius, was on the order of a few meters.
Minimum weighted norm interpolation of seismic records
Authors: Liu Bin , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: December 2004

In seismic data processing, we often need to interpolate and extrapolate data at missing spatial locations. The reconstruction problem can be posed as an inverse problem where, from inadequate and incomplete data, we attempt to reconstruct the seismic wavefield at locations where measurements were not acquired.

We propose a wavefield reconstruction scheme for spatially band‐limited signals. The method entails solving an inverse problem where a wavenumber‐domain regularization term is included. The regularization term constrains the solution to be spatially band‐limited and imposes a prior spectral shape. The numerical algorithm is quite efficient since the method of conjugate gradients in conjunction with fast matrix–vector multiplications, implemented via the fast Fourier transform (FFT), is adopted. The algorithm can be used to perform multidimensional reconstruction in any spatial domain.
Negativity in the Evaluation of Political Candidates
Authors: Klein Jill G. , Ahluwalia Rohini
Published: December 2004

Prior research has demonstrated a clear negativity effect (greater weighting of candidate weaknesses compared with strengths) in the evaluation of U.S. presidential candidates in each of the past six elections analyzed. The authors adopt a motivational view and question the robustness of this finding. They reanalyze past National Election Studies data along with new data and conclude that the negativity effect is not universal across voters; it is a robust effect only for voters who dislike the candidate. They argue that previous findings are due to aggregation of data across voters who vary in their motivations.
Decision Making and Coping of Functionally Illiterate Consumers and Some Implications for Marketing Management
Authors: Viswanathan Madhubalan , Rosa José Antonio , Harris James Edwin
Published: December 2004

A study of the decision making and coping of functionally illiterate consumers reveals cognitive predilections, decision heuristics and trade-offs, and coping behaviors that distinguish them from literate consumers. English-as-a-second-language and poor, literate consumers are used as comparison groups. The strong predilection for concrete reasoning and overreliance on pictographic information of functionally illiterate consumers suggest that companies should reconsider how they highlight the added benefits of new products or the differentiating aspects of existing product offerings across channels such as advertising, in-store displays, and positioning. Concrete reasoning also has strong implications for the execution and presentation of price promotions through coupons and in-store discounts, because many consumers are unable to process the information and thus avoid discounted products. Finally, the elaborate coping mechanisms identified and the loyalty that functionally illiterate consumers display toward companies that are sensitive to their literacy and numeracy deficiencies reveal a potential for loyalty programs aimed at this population that do not involve price discounts.
Determinants of Customers’ Responses to Customized Offers: Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions
Authors: Simonson Itamar
Published: December 2004

Marketers have been challenged by proponents of individual (one-to-one) marketing to shift from focusing on market segments to making individually customized offers. Building on current knowledge regarding the construction of customers’ preferences, the author examines the basic assumptions underlying individual marketing and presents a process model of customers’ responses to customized offers. The model addresses (1) preference development, (2) evaluation of customized offers, (3) likelihood of purchasing the customized offers, and (4) maintenance of relationships with one-to-one marketers. The analysis leads to specific propositions regarding determinants of customers’ responses to customized offers. The author discusses future research directions and managerial implications.
Benchmarking Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Vorhies Douglas W. , Morgan Neil A.
Published: December 2004

Market-based organizational learning has been identified as an important source of sustainable competitive advantage. One particular learning mechanism, benchmarking, is a widely used management tool that has been recognized as appropriate for identifying and enhancing valuable marketing capabilities. However, despite widespread admonitions to managers, the benchmarking of marketing capabilities as a route to sustainable competitive advantage has received scant empirical attention. The authors empirically examine the potential business performance benefits available from benchmarking the marketing capabilities of top-performing firms. The results suggest that benchmarking has the potential to become a key learning mechanism for identifying, building, and enhancing marketing capabilities to deliver sustainable competitive advantage.
Replacement of the interchain disulfide bridge-forming amino acids A7 and B7 by glutamate impairs the structure and activity of insulin
Authors: Guo Zhan-Yun , Jia Xiao-Yuan , Feng You-Min
Published: December 2004

Insulin contains three disulfide bonds, one intrachain bond, A6–A11, and two interchain bonds, A7–B7 and A20–B19. Site-directed mutagenesis results (the two cysteine residues of disulfide A7–B7 were replaced by serine) showed that disulfide A7–B7 is crucial to both the structure and activity of insulin. However, chemical modification results showed that the insulin analogs still retained relatively high biological activity when A7Cys and B7Cys were modified by chemical groups with a negative charge. Did the negative charge of the modification groups restore the loss of activity and/or the disturbance of structure of these insulin analogs caused by deletion of disulfide A7–B7? To answer this question, an insulin analog with both A7Cys and B7Cys replaced by Glu, which has a long side-chain and a negative charge, was prepared by protein engineering, and its structure and activity were analyzed. Both the structure and activity of the present analog are very similar to that of the mutant with disulfide A7–B7 replaced by Ser, but significantly different from that of wild-type insulin. The present results suggest that removal of disulfide A7–B7 will result in serious loss of biological activity and the native conformation of insulin, even if the disulfide is replaced by residues with a negative charge.
Sensuality and Consciousness:Psychosexual Transformation in the Eastern Andaman
Authors: Sorenson E. Richard
Published: December 2004

Field/work still underway in the eastern Sea of Andaman shows that direct sensual experience of exotic cultures is sometimes needed to grasp central aspects of the way of life. A brief ethnographic sketch of the region precedes a discussion of how alien intrusion catastrophicaUy transforms the aboriginal consciousness. The spectrum of consciousness across the region is then analyzed. Two critical crosscultural sensual events essential to the study are detailed. Without the experiences these conferred, core features of the original way‐of'tife (and its transformation) would have remained unknown. Two Western cultural restraints on this type offieldwork are considered: that of Western ethicality and that of Western epistemology.
Amazon Healer: The Life and Times of an Urban Shaman
Authors: Krippner Stanley
Published: December 2004

Amazon Healer: The Life and Times of an Urban Shaman. Marlene Dobkin De Rios. Bridport, Dorset, England: Prism Press,1992. 180 pp. $10.95 (paper)
Dreaming as a Spiritual Practice
Authors: Bulkeley Kelly
Published: December 2004

This essay gives an overview of the various roles that dreams have played in the world's religious traditions, and describes the major findings of 20th century dream psychology. It then offers different models for integrating traditional religious and modern psychological views of dreams. Three specific areas of integration are discussed: 1) The felt experience of numinosity; 2) Archetypal structures; 3) Existential questions. The essay concludes with reflections on the place of contemporary dream studies in the sociohistorical context of the "war" between religion and science in modern Western culture.
Dreaming as Interaction
Authors: Price‐Williams Douglass , Degarrod Lydia Nakashima
Published: December 2004

Rather than regarding dreams as "things" or property, and grammatically treating them as nouns, the suggestion is to formulate a dream as an activity, label it "dreaming" and more specifically accept dreaming as interactional. For dreaming to be of importance, several psychological factors must be considered, including retention and selection, as well as external factors, such as to whom dreams are reported and their style of communication. Examples from anthropological writers on dreams are provided. It is noted that societal beliefs about dreams tend to influence the amount and types of dreams that are communicated.
Review Essay: Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution
Authors: Alford Dan Moonhawk
Published: December 2004

Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution. Edited by Kathleen R. Gibson and Tim Ingold. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. $69.95 (cloth). 483 pp.
The Nature of Shamanism: Substance and Function of a Religious Metaphor
Authors: Baker John R.
Published: December 2004

The Nature of Shamanism: Substance and Function of. Religious Metaphor. Michael Ripinsky‐Naxon. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993. xi. 289 pp. $19.95 (paper). $59.50 (cloth).
Weaving the Threads of Life: The Khita Gyn‐Eco‐Logical Healing Cult among the Yaka
Authors: Turner Edith
Published: December 2004

Weaving the Threads of Life: The Khita Gyn‐Eco‐Logical Healing Cult among the Yaka. René Devisch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 344 pp. $53.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).
Dreamwork, Anthropology and the Curing Professions: A Cultural Approach to Dreamwork
Authors: Williams Douglass Price
Published: December 2004

Dreamwork, Anthropology and the Curing Professions:. Cultural Approach to Dreamwork. Ian R. Edgar. Aldershot, UK: Avebury, 1995. ix. 145 pp. £29.95.
Raw Feeling: A Philosophical Account of the Essence of Consciousness
Authors: Wautischer Helmut
Published: December 2004

Raw Feeling:. Philosophical Account of the Essence of Consciousness. Robert Kirk. Oxford, NY: Clarendon Press, 1994‐ ix. 251 pp. 42.00 (cloth).
Cultivating Consciousness: Enhancing Human Potential, Wellness, and Healing
Authors: Cardeña Etzel
Published: December 2004

Cultivating Consciousness: Enhancing Human Potential, Wellness, and Healing. Edited by K. Ramakrishna Rao. Connecticut: Praeger, 1993. 235 pp. (cloth). $55.00
The Whore and the Holy One: Contemporary Sacred Prostitution and Transformative Consciousness
Authors: Gilmore Lee
Published: December 2004

This text explores the intersection of the women's spirituality and sex worker's rights movements in which a growing body of sex workers describe and experience themselves as "sacred whores." In this cultural encounter, the women's spirituality movement's vision of sexual empowerment has merged with the sex workers rights movement's recontextualization of prostitution and other forms of sex work as valid, fulfilling, and skilled labor. These women are establishing themselves as heirs to a mythology of ancient religious practices in which priestesses made love to men within temples as a holy rite and a spiritual service. My exploration of this movement is grounded in an inquiry into the history and mythology of the "temple prostitutes" of the ancient Near East, and unfolds into an ethnography of the currently emerging sacred whore movement.
Unveiling North African Women, Revisited: An Arab Feminist Critique of Orientalist Mentality in Visual Art and Ethnography
Authors: Makhoul Saná
Published: December 2004

My interest in undertaking the study of images of Arab women in Western visual ethnography and art emerged from my own life experience. My identity as an Arab feminist having lived in different Eastern and Western communities has shaped my understanding and affected my observation in this research. As an Arab woman being observed in the first place, I am taking the role of the "outside"/inside' observer in this study. I am observing the observers and the observed, and both become the observed in my chosen study. I observe visual images of Arab women under the gaze of Western observers. Ethnographers, photographers, and artists become the observed under my investigation. Here again, visual images of Arab women are observed—in fact they only have been observed as objects, a result of their display as visual images by Western observers. Contemporary North African women, Assia Djebar, Houria Niati, and Leila Sebbar are observers who examine visual images of North African women that were painted by Western artists. In examining their works here, they in turn become the observed. Also I observe Elizabeth Fernea's visual ethnographic work on North African women. Fernea and her project become the observed in my research. Finally, I undertook the role of the observer in this study mainly in order to understand myself and identify my place in the society of other women and men. I introduce a cross‐cultural dialogue that will question the bipolar cultural boundaries in feminist and historiographic scholarship.
Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers
Authors: Harrell Bill Jack
Published: December 2004

Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers. Robert Jackall. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ix. 249. ISBN 0–19–506080–6. (pbk) $9.95
Book Reviews
Authors: Maloney Thomas , Sikkink Lynn , Creighton Millie , Diana Wilson Tamar , Smart Alan , Katz Naomi , Creighton Millie
Published: December 2004

Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture., Netting Robert McC. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993. xxi, 389 pages.

Contesting Markets: Analyses of Idealogy, Discourse and Practice, Roy Dilley. editor. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1993. 302 pages.

Labor's Lot: The Power, History and Culture of Aboriginal Action. Elizabeth A. Povinelli. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. xii. 331 pages.

Money Makes Us Relatives: Women's Labor in Urban Turkey, jenny R. White. Austin: University of Texas Press, xiv. 190 pages.

Cultural Economies Past and Present. Rhoda H. Halperin. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. viii. 309 pages.

All Anybody Ever Wanted of Me Was to Work: The Memoirs of Edith Bradley Rendleman, edited by Jane Adams. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996

Kuna Crafts, Gender, and the Global Economy. Karin E. Tice. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, viii +223 pages.
Working Knowledge: What Anthropologies of Science and Technology Can Do for an Anthropology of Work
Authors: Gerald Collins Samuel
Published: December 2004

Nuclear Rites:. Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War Hugh Gusterson. Berkeley: University of California Press,1996

Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture‐From the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS Emily Martin. Boston: Beacon Press,1994

Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists Sharon Traweek. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1988
A Repertoire of South African Quotable Gestures
Authors: BROOKES HEATHER
Published: December 2004

Among black urban South Africans in Gauteng province, quotable gestures are a prominent part of everyday communication. Using observations and video recordings of spontaneous communicative interactions, elicitation interviews, and a decoding test, this study presents the repertoire of quotable gestures in current use. Quotable gestures fall within three main gestural types: lexical, holophrastic, and concept, with lexical gestures constituting the highest proportion. Within each gestural type, gestures vary in their range of meanings, functions, and independence from speech. This variation suggests that sharp distinctions between gestural types and between quotable and speech‐dependent gestures may obscure continuities in meaning, function, and how gestures originate and develop. The article discusses recent work that suggests alternative organizational criteria for the analysis of gestures. It proposes that analysis of gestures begin at the level of interaction, taking into account how social relationships, cultural notions, and identity shape forms of gestural use and behavior.
Those Naughty Teenage Girls: Japanese Kogals, Slang, and Media Assessments
Authors: MILLER LAURA
Published: December 2004

This article examines Kogals, young Japanese women who challenge dominant models of gendered language and behavior through linguistic and cultural innovation. The article describes the linguistic resources Kogals use to construct female‐centered subcultural identities and the condemnation and fetishistic interest they provoke in mainstream media. Media focus on these “misbehaving” girls places them at the center of an ongoing struggle over female self‐definition and autonomy. The study of Kogals contributes to scholarly analysis of youth subcultures and to understanding of linguistic diversity and cultural heterogeneity in Japan.
Verbal Art across Cultures: The Aesthetics and Proto‐Aesthetics of Communication.
Authors: PAGLIAI VALENTINA
Published: December 2004

Verbal Art across Cultures: The Aesthetics and Proto‐Aesthetics of Communication Hubert Knoblauch and Helga Kotthoff, eds. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag Tübingen, 2001 297 pp.
The Carver's art of the Indians of North West California
Authors: Flower Catherine S.
Published: December 2004

The Carver's art of the Indians of North West California. Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. (August 23,1995. February 4,1996). Accompanying publication: Carving Traditions of Northwest California, by Ira Jacknis. Published with. facsimile reprint of The Carver's Art of the Indians of Northwest California, by Isabel T. Kelly. Classics in California Anthropology No. 2. Phoebe Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley,. + 108 pp. $17.00.
Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History
Authors: Adams Kathleen M.
Published: December 2004

SACRED ARTS OF HAITIAN VODOU. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History (October 22‐ July 14, 1995), Center for the Fine Arts, Miami (Fall 1996), The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (February 1‐April 13,1997), Museum of African American History, Detroit (Fall 1997), National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (Fall 1998), New Orleans Museum of Art (January‐April 1998), Baltimore Museum of Art (June‐August 1998)
Cannibal Culture: 93 Art, Appropriation, and the Commodification of Difference
Authors: Korom Frank J.
Published: December 2004

Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation, and the Commodlfication of Difference. DEBORAH ROOT. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. xv. 239 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $75.00 (cloth).
Dressing in Feathers: 95 The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture
Authors: Pearlstone Zena
Published: December 2004

Dressing in Feathers: The Construction of the Indian in American Popular Culture. Edited by S. ELIZABETH BIRD. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1996. xii +321 pp. 56 b/w photographs, bibliography, index. $73.00 (cloth); $19.50 (paper).

Wild West Shows and the Images of American Indians, 1883‐1933. L.G. MOSES. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996. xvii. 364 pp. 70 b/w illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 (cloth).
Gift of the Cotton Maiden: Textiles ofFlores and the Solor Islands
Authors: Adams Monni
Published: December 2004

Gift of the Cotton Maiden: Textiles of Flores and the Solor Islands. Edited by ROY W. HAMILTON. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 1994. 287 pp., color and b/w illustrations, maps, appendices, notes, bibliography, list of contributors. $36.00 (paper).
Gender, Race, and Symbolic Boundaries: Contested Spaces of Identity among Arab American Adolescents
Authors: Ajrouch Kristine J.
Published: December 2004

Attention to social patterns within immigrant groups provides a critical means for discerning processes of ethnic identity formation. This study draws from the theoretical foundations of boundary work to examine identity formation among second-generation Arab American adolescents. Contested spaces of identity emerge as teens distinguish themselves from immigrant culture and “white” society. Focus group discussions highlight the significance of gender relations and the way in which interpretations of religious teachings shape identity formation. Specifically, boundaries drawn reflect moral superiority by controlling girls' behaviors as interpretations of religious teachings are used to justify restrictions. However, while these boundaries provide significant markers of in-group inclusion, they also are contested. This study concludes by discussing the implications of symbolic boundaries lodged in race, gender, and religion and suggests avenues for future research.
Verbal ability, self‐control, and close relationships with parents protect children against misleading suggestions
Authors: Clarke‐Stewart K. Alison , Malloy Lindsay C. , Allhusen Virginia D.
Published: December 2004

Suggestibility to misleading questions about events that occurred in a laboratory playroom visit 9 months earlier was assessed in 70 5‐year‐old children (54% boys). Six measures of children's suggestibility were coded from videotaped and transcribed interviews: agreement with false suggestions that the research assistant had undressed them, hit them, hurt them, touched them on the bottom, and done bad things, and a overall rating of suggestibility. These measures of suggestibility were related to characteristics of the child and family that had been collected over the course of a longitudinal study beginning when the children were 1 month of age. Children who had more advanced verbal abilities, adaptive inhibitory control, and close and secure relationships with supportive and psychological healthy parents were better able to resist the interviewer's suggestive questions and persuasive attempts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moral suggestibility: the complex interaction of developmental, cultural and contextual factors
Authors: Saltzstein Herbert , Dias Maria da G. , Millery Mari
Published: December 2004

In Study 1, 193 children, half in New York City and half in Recife, Brazil, heard hypothetical dilemmas about whether to keep a promise or tell the truth. An adult interviewer suggested the alternative to the child's initial choice. Younger children (5 to 8 year olds) were more suggestible than older children (10 to 12 year olds), US more than Brazilian children; and suggestibility occurred more frequently from promise to truth than vice versa. In Study 2, children in each country were interviewed either by an older adult or by a ‘teenager’. Suggestibility was greater when the interviewer was an adult than a teenager in the US, but not in Brazil. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental trajectories, from heteronomy to autonomy, and authority relations within cultures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No Correlation between GSH Levels in Human Cancer Cell Lines and the Cell Growth Inhibitory Activities of Platinum Diamine Complexes
Authors: Boubakari  , Bracht Karin , Neumann Christian , Grünert Renate , Bednarski Patrick J.
Published: December 2004

Increases in the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells have been implicated in the development of acquired resistance to platinum antitumor agents. On the other hand, little information is available on the relationships between the intracellular GSH levels in non‐treated cancer cells and their response to platinum complexes. The present work investigated for possible correlations between concentrations of intracellular GSH/GSSG in 14 human cancer cell lines growing in vitro and the cell growth inhibitory activities of cis platin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and d, l‐trans‐1, 2‐diaminocyclohexane‐dichloroplatinum(II) (DACH‐Pt). No statistically significant correlations between GSH levels and the activities of any of the four Pt‐complexes could be found.
A Mixture‐of‐Genotypes Model for the Distribution of Thermostable Phenol Sulfotransferase Activity
Authors: Joo Jungnam , Ahn Hongshik , Delongchamp Robert R. , Nowell Susan A. , Lang Nicholas P.
Published: December 2004

A statistical method for parametric density estimation based upon a mixture‐of‐genotypes model is developed for the thermostable phenol sulfotransferase (SULT1A1) activity which has a putative role in modifying risk for colon and prostate cancer/polyps. The EM algorithm for the general mixture model is modified to accommodate the genetic constraints and is used to estimate genotype frequencies from the distribution of the SULT1A1 phenotype. A parametric bootstrap likelihood ratio test is considered as a testing method for the number of mixing components. The size and power of the test is then investigated and compared with the conventional chi‐squared test. The relative risk associated with genotypes defined by this model is also investigated through the generalized linear model. This analysis revealed that a genotype with the highest mean value of SULT1A1 activity has greater impact on cancer risk than others. This result suggests that the phenotype with a higher SULT1A1 activity might be important in studying the association between the cancer risk and SULT1A1 activity. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inference for a RPW‐Type Clinical Trial with Repeated Monitoring for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Biswas Atanu , Dewanji Anup
Published: December 2004

The present paper describes a controlled clinical trial to investigate the effect of Pulsed Electro‐Magnetic Field for the treatment of sequentially entering patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. According to the study design, repeated monitorings of the patients are carried out to assess their clinical status. The allocation of the entering patients to either a therapy group or a placebo group is done using a newly designed adaptive allocation rule termed as randomized longitudinal play‐the‐winner rule. A discussion of some inference procedures is followed by the analysis of a real data, which shows a clear preference of the therapy over the placebo. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Test for Homogeneity of Odds Ratios in Ordered 2 × 2 Tables
Authors: Cohen Arthur , Kolassa John , Sackrowitz H. B.
Published: December 2004

Consider K ordered 2 × 2 contingency tables. A new test of the null hypothesis that the odds ratios of these tables are equal vs the alternative hypothesis that the odds ratios are nondecreasing, is recommended. The test is exact (non‐asymptotic), is easily carried out (software is available), and has other favorable properties. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linear Diagonals‐Parameter Symmetry and Quasi‐Symmetry Models for Cumulative Probabilities in Square Contingency Tables with Ordered Categories
Authors: Miyamoto Nobuko , Ohtsuka Wataru , Tomizawa Sadao
Published: December 2004

For the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories, Caussinus (1965) considered the quasi‐symmetry (QS) model, Goodman (1979) considered the diagonals‐parameter symmetry (DPS) model, and Agresti (1983) considered the linear diagonals‐parameter symmetry (LDPS) model. These models show the structures of symmetry for cell probabilities. Tomizawa (1993) proposed another DPS model which has a similar multiplicative form for cumulative probabilities that an observation will fall in row (column) category i or below and column (row) category j (>i) or above. This paper proposes another LDPS and QS models that have the corresponding similar multiplicative forms for cumulative probabilities instead of cell probabilities. Special cases of the proposed models include symmetry. Two kinds of unaided distance vision data and endometrial cancer data are analyzed using these models. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modified GEE and Goodness of the Marginal Fit (GOMF) Test with Correlated Binary Responses for Contingency Tables
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Qaqish Bahjat F.
Published: December 2004

This paper addresses testing the goodness of fit of models for marginal probabilities estimated by generalized estimating equations. We develop a modified version of generalized estimating equation and a goodness‐of‐fit test based on the fitted marginal means. The test statistic is easy to compute and has a simple reference distribution. Its performance is evaluated asymptotically and in small samples. It is also compared to the deviance and Pearson X2 statistics. Example applications are given. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula as a cause of angina pectoris
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitris P. , Ekonomou Chrisostomos K. , Margos Panagiotis , Moyssakis Ioannis , Anagnostopoulou Sophia , Benos Ioannis , Votteas Vassilios
Published: December 2004

Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease. Coronary artery fistulae are infrequent congenital anomalies. A extremely rare case report of combination of coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula is presented with a brief literature review. Clin. Anat. 18:77–78, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow recurrence after initial intensive treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rivera Gaston K. , Zhou Yinmei , Hancock Michael L. , Gajjar Amar , Rubnitz Jeffrey , Ribeiro Raul C. , Sandlund John T. , Hudson Melissa , Relling Mary , Evans William E. , Pui Ching‐Hon
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND

The authors studied the clinical outcome of 106 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed a bone marrow recurrence as the first adverse event after contemporary intensified therapy.

METHODS

Endpoints were the rates and lengths of second remission, the cumulative incidence of second hematologic recurrence, second event‐free survival (EFS), and survival.

RESULTS

Bone marrow recurrences were isolated in 79 patients, and combined with an extramedullary site in 27 patients. The median time to recurrence was 2.6 years (range, 0.3–11.6 years). Seventy‐six patients (71.7%) attained a second remission (median length, 0.7 year; range, 0.03–13.3 years). The 5‐year survival probability among all patients was 24.2% ± 4.2% (standard error). On multivariate analysis, time to first disease recurrence and blast cell lineage were found to be independent predictors of a second EFS (P= 0.008 andP= 0.028, respectively). The 5‐year EFS estimate in patients with an initial disease remission of ≥ 36 months was 42.6% ± 7.8% but was only 12.5% ± 3.9% among children with a short duration of disease remission (< 36 months). These estimates were 28.7% ± 4.9% and 5.0% ± 3.4%, respectively, for B blast and T blast cell lineages.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite acceptable long‐term second EFS rates for certain subgroups, overall bone marrow recurrence after intensified first‐line therapy for childhood ALL signals a poor outcome. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Effect of advanced chilling methods on lipid damage during sardine (Sardina pilchardus) storage
Authors: Losada Vanesa , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Gallardo José M. , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: December 2004

Slurry ice is a biphasic system consisting of small spherical ice crystals surrounded by seawater at subzero temperature. Its effect on lipid damage (hydrolysis and oxidation) was evaluated during the chilled storage of a fatty fish species, sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Slurry ice treatment was checked alone and in combination with ozone and compared to traditional flake icing during a 22‐day storage. Different lipid damage indices (free fatty acids, FFA; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA‐i; fluorescent compounds, FR) were checked and compared to sensory assessment and nucleotide degradation (K value). According to lipid hydrolysis (FFA) and oxidation (PV and FR) developments, slurry ice showed an inhibitory effect (p <0.05) on lipid damage during storage, as well as an inhibition of nucleotide autolytic degradation. Ozonised slurry ice did not provide differences (p >0.05) from slurry ice alone when considering lipid hydrolysis, nucleotide degradation and some lipid oxidation indices (PV and FR), although a higher (p <0.05) TBA‐i was observed at day 22 of storage when compared to flake ice and slurry ice treatments. However, a lower (p <0.05) fluorescence development was observed for fish treated under ozonised slurry ice when compared to traditionally iced fish. Sensory assessment showed a higher shelf life for fish samples treated under ozonised slurry ice than for their counterparts under slurry ice (15 d versus 12 d), while flake icing led to a far shorter shelf life (5 d). According to sensory and biochemical (lipid matter and nucleotide) analysis, slurry ice has proved to be a promising technology for damage inhibition and quality retention in a fatty fish species such as sardine. Ozonised slurry ice was also shown to be useful, since a longer shelf life was obtained in the present experiment and a pro‐oxidant effect of ozone on sardine lipids was not proved.
Data management for the Cold Land Processes Experiment: improving hydrological science
Authors: Parsons Mark A. , Brodzik Mary J. , Rutter Nick J.
Published: December 2004

The Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) produced 37 data sets totalling about one terabyte in volume. This presented a considerable challenge for data managers. Two unique aspects of the CLPX data management process include participation of data specialists in field data collection and identification of one person, the ‘data wrangler’, to coordinate the acquisition of the entire collection of the experiment data. These unique aspects increased the quality and completeness of the overall CLPX collection. Data managers were guided by basic data management principles from the literature, including consideration of potential future users and applications and an imperative to keep data as simple and as flexible as possible. These principles guided data management decisions about data formats, data integration, data presentation, and documentation. This principle‐based approach improved the usability and long‐term viability of CLPX data. It is recommended that data managers be involved early in the planning of future large‐scale field experiments and that data managers develop appropriate principle‐based rubrics for guidance through persistent data‐management challenges. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐sleeping: Help or hindrance for young children's independence?
Authors: Keller Meret A. , Goldberg Wendy A.
Published: December 2004

This study investigated the relationship between sleep arrangements and claims regarding possible problems and benefits related to co‐sleeping. Participants were 83 mothers of preschool‐aged children. Data were collected through parent questionnaires. Early co‐sleepers (who began co‐sleeping in infancy), reactive co‐sleepers (children who began co‐sleeping at or after age one), and solitary sleepers were compared on the dimensions of maternal attitudes toward sleep arrangements; night wakings and bedtime struggles; children's self‐reliance and independence in social and sleep‐related behaviours; and maternal autonomy support. The hypothesis that co‐sleeping would interfere with children's independence was partially supported: solitary sleepers fell asleep alone, slept through the night, and weaned earlier than the co‐sleepers. However, early co‐sleeping children were more self‐reliant (e.g. ability to dress oneself) and exhibited more social independence (e.g. make friends by oneself). Mothers of early co‐sleeping children were least favourable toward solitary sleep arrangements and most supportive of their child's autonomy, as compared to mothers in other sleep groups. Reactive co‐sleepers emerged as a distinct co‐sleeping sub‐type, with parents reporting frequent night wakings and, contrary to early co‐sleepers, experiencing these night wakings as highly disruptive. Implications for parents and pediatricians are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skin conductance and heart‐rate responses as indices of covert face recognition in preschool children
Authors: Stormark Kjell Morten
Published: December 2004

Covert face recognition was examined in 12 young preschoolers (age range 26–48 months) by comparing their autonomic functions to slides depicting former playmates from a family nursery school that the preschoolers had attended earlier with slides of their present playmates and unfamiliar children. While all preschoolers reported corroborated overt recognition of present playmates after the experiment, only three of them did so in relation to former playmates. The distribution of yes–no responses on the overt recognition task to former playmates was not significantly different from the responses to unfamiliar children. Nevertheless, the preschoolers evidenced increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) and more pronounced heart rate (HR) deceleration to the slides depicting former classmates compared to unfamiliar children. Thus, although the preschoolers' verbal responses did not differentiate between former playmates and unfamiliar children, their autonomic functions did. These findings suggest that young children can retain memories of past experiences in an implicit form without corroborated overt recognition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthy and chronically‐ill children's generalisation of illness to biological and non‐biological categories
Authors: Buchanan‐Barrow Eithne , Barrett Martyn , Bati Mariangela
Published: December 2004

Using children's naïve theory of biology as a framework, this study investigated children's developing understanding of illness by examining their generalisation of illness to biological and non‐biological categories. In addition to differences associated with age, the children's health status was investigated for any possible linkwith their understanding. Healthy and chronically‐ill children, aged 4–11 years, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, according to which exemplar (child, dog or duck) was described as suffering from an imaginary illness. Using a card‐sorting technique, the children assessed whether each entity out of 30 entities (five representatives in each of six categories: humans, mammals, non‐mammals, birds, plants and artifacts) could be afflicted by that illness. The children's generalisations indicated a grasp of the distinctiveness of the various categories, although they seemed less certain about the biological status of plants. Furthermore, the type of exemplar on which the children had been taught influenced their responses. However, the children's reasoning appeared unaffected by their health status and largely unaffected by age or gender. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term therapeutic plasma exchange in the outpatient setting using an implantable central venous access device
Authors: Gonzalez Anneliese , Sodano Donata , Flanagan Janice , Ouillette Cindy , Weinstein Robert
Published: December 2004

We presented the results of our prospective trial of the Bard CathLink® 20 in outpatient therapeutic plasma exchange in May 2000. Since the close of that study, three of the original subjects and one additional subject have received continuous outpatient treatment using the device. We report herein on its long‐term use. Four patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy underwent outpatient plasma exchange of 1–1¼ plasma volumes using Bard CathLink® 20 venous access devices for up to 2½ years. Treatment schedules varied according to the status of the patient's neuropathy. Four men (age 59, 60, 76, 79) underwent 55, 56, 38, and 41 plasma exchanges over 18.5, 18, 20, and 38.5 months, respectively, all in the outpatient setting. Ninety‐one percent were completed in <150 min (mean 120 ± 28 min) with 3,783 ± 314 ml of plasma removed. Mean access flow rates were approximately 70 ± 11 ml/min. Plasma flow rates were approximately 38 ± 6 ml/min. (During our original 6‐month prospective trial, access and plasma flow rates were approximately 54 and 32 ml/min, respectively). There were no adverse effects resulting from use of the CathLink® and no hospitalizations were needed for plasma exchange. Pressure alarms were infrequent. Access and plasma flow rates achieved with the CathLink® 20 have increased by about 30 and 16%, respectively, with long‐term use. The conclusion from our prospective trial of this device, that it could conveniently be used for long‐term outpatient plasma exchange, is supported by our follow‐up experience. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:180–184, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro evaluation of COM.TEC apheresis platelet concentrates using a preparation set and pathogen inactivation over a storage period of five days
Authors: Moog R. , Fröhlich A. , Mayaudon V. , Lin L.
Published: December 2004

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro data on platelets collected by apheresis, processed on a preparation set followed by photochemical treatment (PCT). Fifteen single‐donor platelet concentrates (PCs) were collected by apheresis (COM.TEC blood cell separator, Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany). The platelets were transferred to the preparation set and plasma was removed after centrifugation to resuspend the platelets in approximately 37% plasma and 63% platelet additive solution InterSol. PCT was done by exposing the platelets to amotosalen HCl followed by illumination with ultraviolet light. Blood cell counts and in vitro PLT function were measured up to 5 days. An average of 3.44 ± 0.28 × 1011platelets were collected in a product volume of 351 ± 21 mL. Plasma removal resulted in a mean platelet loss of 7.8%. After PCT, a progressive decrease in platelet function was observed. LDH level rose through storage (171 ± 81 U/L) to levels approximating LDH levels observed post‐collection (180 ± 103 U/L). There was a gradual decrease of the platelets to respond to hypotonic shock response from 90 ± 9 % post‐plasma reduction to 48 ± 16% at day 5. All PLT units met the European requirements for leukoreduction and the pH limit of 6.8 up to day 5 post‐collection. The new preparation set was capable of producing platelet units meeting the requirements for PCT. Despite differences observed in in vitro platelet function parameters, PLTs at storage day 5 fit the German and European guidelines. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:185–191, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.