bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The woody vegetation communities of the Hluhluwe-Corridor- Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex
Authors: Whateley A. , Porter R. N.
Published: July 2015

Land units for the 900 km- Hluhluwe-Corridor-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex in north eastern Natal were identified on aerial photographs. The physiognomy, dominants and description of the woody vegetation for each unit were identified during ground inspections and. where necessary, the point-centred quarter method was applied. Two forest, two riverine forest, ten woodland and two thicket communities were recognized. These communities are described according to their distribution, height and percentage frequency of the components in the different canopy strata. A map at a scale of 1:25 000 was also compiled. Some of these communities are compared with other similar woodlands previously described for Natal. In some communities the frequency of certain dominant canopy species in the under tree strata was extremely low and autecological research has been suggested.
Anatomy of the genus Kyllinga in South Africa
Authors: Getliffe Norris F. M.
Published: July 2015

The anatomy of underground and aerial parts of South African species of the genus Kyllinga Rottb. is described. SEM micrographs of stomata and of silica bodies are provided. Two new records for South Africa: K. polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth and K. nemoralis (Forst.) Dandy are included.
The morphology and systematic position of the Didiereaceae of Madagascar
Authors: Rauh W.
Published: July 2015

The Didiereaceae, endemic to the arid south-west of Madagascar is one of the most remarkable plant families in the world. Four genera and 11 species are known, of which 3 have been described by the author:  Decaryia (1 species), Alluaudiopsis (2 spp.), Alluaudia (6 spp.) and Didierea (2 spp.). The species show different growth forms, but their shoot-stem-systems are basically similar; they are all spiny, semi-succulent deciduous shrubs or trees, with a stem (shoot) system differentiated into long-shoots and short-shoots (brachyblasts). The long shoots bear normal leaflets, which soon fall off. In their axils, brachyblasts develop proleptically, which produce two types of leaves (1) thorns which develop proleptically in different numbers (1 in Alluaudia, 2 in Alluaudiopsis marnieriana and several Didierea)-, (2) leaves which are green, deciduous assimilation organs (2 per brachyblast in Alluaudia, several in Didierea). The stem organization is comparable to that of the Cactaceae of the New World. The brachyblasts of the Didiereaceae are homologous to the areoles of the Cactaceae, most obviously to those of the primitive members, the Pereskioideae. The affinities between the two families can be demonstrated by means of grafting. It is possible to graft Didiereas onto Pereskioideae and vice versa. The flower structure of Didiereaceae is very uniform. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious and show affinities to those of the Portulacaceae. The development of the gynoecium, the ovule and the female gametophyte as well as the presence of betalains in the flowers indicate that the Didiereaceae do not belong to the Sapindales as was sometimes assumed, but to the Centrospermae. They should be placed between Portulacaceae and Cactaceae. The ancestors of the Didiereaceae are not known.
Sporoderm morphogenesis in Euphorbia obesa and Croton gratissimus
Authors: Frean M. L.
Published: July 2015

Pollen grains of the Euphorbiaceae show a number of pollen types which can be clearly distinguished. Generally different genera are characterized by a specific pollen type.  Euphorbia obesa Hook. f. and Croton gratissimus Burch, subsp.  subgratissimus (Prain) Burtt Davy, represent two genera within the Crotonoideae with different morphology, each type characteristic for the respective genus. Taxonomically, the genus Euphorbia with apetalous flowers consisting of a naked pistil surrounded by several staminate flowers within a cyathium, is considered more advanced than the genus  Croton. In  Croton the inflorescence is a raceme with unisexual flowers. The floral whorls of the male show numerous anthers and both calyx and a showy corolla are present. Both genera are insect pollinated. In both  Euphorbia obesa and  Croton gratissimus the pollen wall in section shows columellae, a structure characteristic of angiosperms. However the present ontogenetic studies show that the formation of the columellae differs entirely in the two pollen types. The final stratification of the wall as well as the morphology of the grains differ and evaluation of the exine structure indicates that phylogenetically Croton pollen shows more advanced characters than  Euphorbia — contradicting the floral phylogeny. This study conducted at light and electron microscope level compares the two pollen types morphologically and ontogenetically, concentrating mainly on the formation of the exine which is tectate-perforate in the prolate tricolpate grain of Euphorbia obesa and semi-tectate in the anaperturate, spheroidal grain of Croton gratissimus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of pollen characters in taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the Euphorbiaceae. The differing pollen morphology which is related to the taxonomic grouping of tribes within the subfamily (Crotonoideae) emphasizes diversity, which may result from physiological adaptation. The study shows that the same functional end may well be achieved in different ways and this may be a factor underlying the diversity in the heterogeneous family Euphorbiaceae.
Phytogeography and interspecies relationships in Monsonia (Geraniaceae)
Authors: Venter H. J.
Published: July 2015

The geographical distribution of Monsonia and its 25 species is examined. It is shown that the genus inhabits various climatic regions (desert, semi-desert, savanna and temperate grassland) of Africa, south-west Asia and Madagascar. Attention is also paid to the interrelationships of the Monsonia species in comparison to their distribution patterns. Possible links between the species of southern Africa and those of northern Africa are also discussed.
Aspects of pollination and floral development in Ficus capensis Thunb. (Moraceae)
Authors: Baijnath H. , Ramcharun S.
Published: July 2015

A unique obligatory symbiosis exists between Ficus capensis Thunb., and its pollinator, Ceratosolen capensis Grandi. Flowers from both aerial and geocarpic syconia may be pollinated and produce seeds. Females of C. capensis possess specialized mesothoracic pockets in which pollen is transferred from ripening syconia to receptive ones. A second primary sycophile, Sycophaga cyclostigma Waterston, appears to be ineffective in pollination.Several secondary sycophiles oviposit through the syconial wall. Strong sexual dimorphism exists in most sycophilous wasps. All female flowers have the potential to produce either seeds or galls and variation is merely one of gross morphology. Flowering is distinctly asynchronous. Seeds are dispersed by various fruit predators and germinate very easily under warm humid conditions.
Anatomy of Sarcocaulon
Authors: Verhoeven R. L. , Venter H. J. T. , Van Rensburg W. L. J.
Published: July 2015

The anatomy of the leaf blade, petiole, stem and root of the genus Sarcocaulon (DC.) Sweet is discussed. On the basis of the leaf anatomy, the four sections recognized by Moffett (1979) can be identified: section Denticulati (dorsiventral leaves), section Multifidi (isobilateral leaves and adaxial and abaxial palisade continuous at midvein), section Crenati (isobilateral leaves, short curved trichomes and glandular hairs), section Sarcocaulon (isobilateral leaves and glandular hairs only). The anatomy of the stem is typically that of a herbaceous dicotyledon with a thick periderm. The root structure shows that the function of the root is not food storage.
Ten interesting species of aquatic Hyphomycetes from South Africa
Authors: Sinclair R. C. , Eicker A.
Published: July 2015

Examination of the foam spora of South Africa has revealed the presence of ten interesting species from nine genera, seven of which are new records for the African continent and three for South Africa. These are Anguillospora crassa Ingold,  Condylospora spumigena Nawawi,  Flabellospora verticillata Alasoadura, Lateriramulosa uni-inflata Matsushima, Lemonniera alabamensis Sinclair Morgan-Jones, Lemonniera filiformis Petersen ex Dyko, Lunulospora cymbiformis Miura, Speiropsis irregularis Petersen, Tetrachaetum elegans Ingold and  Tricellula aquatica Webster.
Register of names and types in Poaceae: a computerized index for southern Africa
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

For each name based on or applied to southern African grasses the following data is recorded: name, author, place and date of publication, basionym, cross-reference to other genera, and type specimens. The data is entered into a computer file for sorting in the following ways: by name alphabetically, by place of publication, by genus or by collector of the type specimen. The lists thus produced are directly useful for taxonomic study, and will also be the basis for efforts by staff of the Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, to acquire copies of all original descriptions and photographs of all type specimens. The methods for compiling the Register worked out for Poaceae can be applied to registers of names in other plant families.
Alien trees, shrubs and creepers invading indigenous vegetation in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex in Natal
Authors: Macdonald I. A. W.
Published: July 2015

The results of a survey and monitoring programme conducted in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve Complex in Natal are presented. The area consists of 900 km2  of savanna and forest vegetation. Twenty alien tree, shrub and creeper species currently invading indigenous vegetation within the Complex are listed. Herbaceous aliens were not surveyed. An analysis of the habitats being invaded by these alien plants is presented and it is concluded that riverine and forest-edge habitats are those most seriously threatened by alien plant infestations. The distribution, nature and history of the infestations of each species are summarized. Distribution maps given for the eight species which are currently most important in the Complex. The potential threat posed by each species is estimated and the species are ranked in order of priority for control action. The South American composite, Chromolaena (Eupatorium) odorata, is identified as being the alien species currently posing the greatest threat to natural vegetation in the Complex. The Asian tree, Melia azedarach, is considered the second most important alien species invading the area. It is concluded that both these species should be declared noxious weeds throughout the Republic and that research into their biological control is urgently required.
Weed flora of South Africa 2: power shifts in the veld
Authors: Wells M. J. , Engelbregcht V. M. , Balsinhas A. A. , Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

This paper, the second in a series analysing data from the National Weed List, concentrates on weedy changes that affect the indigenous flora. The incidence of weediness and of threatened species is used as an indication of success or failure of families under prevailing conditions of disturbance. The resulting power shifts between indigenous families and the impact of exotic weeds on the situation are reviewed. Many power shifts are taking place between indigenous species in the veld. Superficially it seems as though a relatively few invasive species are displacing a larger number of threatened species, but evidence from Natal points to more species increasing than decreasing under conditions of over-utilization. Amongst small families power shifts are almost as prevalent and important as at species level. Seventeen small families have over 20% indigenous weed species. Thirty small families have over 20% threatened species, and 21 small families have had their species numbers bolstered by more than  20% by exotic weeds. A very few large and medium-sized families contain over 50% of our weeds and our threatened species. It is mostly temperate (Cape) families that are under pressure relative to more tropical families. This trend is echoed at sub-family level within the Fabaceae.
The control of silky hakea in South Africa
Authors: Fugler S. R.
Published: July 2015

The introduction of Hakea sericea Schrad. from Australia to South Africa and the weed problems it presents today are described. The three methods of control currently used to combat this menace (mechanical, biological and chemical) are described and the integration of mechanical and biological control is advocated.
The present status of vegetation conservation in South Africa
Authors: Scheepers J. C.
Published: July 2015

Progress with the conservation of representative stands of the great variety of South African ecosystems, as represented by vegetation types, is reviewed against progress towards better co-ordinated and national planning of the various conservation activities pursued by different conservation authorities.
Nocturnal petal movements in the Asteraceae
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Nocturnal petal movements were recorded from 48 genera and 106 species growing in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and in the wild in Canada, Great Britain, France, Italy, Greece, Canary Islands and South Africa. Seven different night positions of petals, as distinct from day positions, are recognized and discussed.
Speciation environments and centres of species diversity in southern Africa: 2. Case studies
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. , Robinson E. R.
Published: July 2015

Distributions of species in the grass genera Cymbopogon, Digitaria, Ehrharta and Stipagrostis are mapped to show that speciation within the phytochorion, where a genus has undergone major adaptive radiation (‘phytochorial sympatry’), may be differentiated from speciation in a phytochorion outside this characteristic one (‘phytochorial allopatry’). Testing of this hypothesis seems a fruitful field for systematists and will enhance our understanding of the flora.
Flora reports
Authors: Launert E.
Published: July 2015

FLORA ZAMBESIACA PROGRESS REPORT
FLORA REPORTS: PROGRESS REPORT ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA (F.S.A.)
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: July 2015

PROGRESS REPORT ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA (F.S.A.)
Flora reports
Authors: Scholz H.
Published: July 2015

THE TOGO FLORA PROJECT
The genus Tetradenia Benth. (Lamiaceae). 11. Malagasy Republic
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

Three species of Tetradenia are recognized in the Malagasy Republic:  T. fruticosa Benth..  T. goudotii Briq. (= T.  hildebrandtii Briq.) and the newly described T. nervosa Codd.
Revision of the genus Myrsiphyllum Willd.
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

The genus  Myrsiphyllum Willd. (Liliaceae—Asparageae) is revised. Twelve species are recognized, one of which is new. namely,  M. alopecurum Oberm. Eight new combinations are made. A key is provided for distinguishing  Myrsiphyllum from  Protasparagus Oberm.
Register of names and types : a comparison between Mesembryanthemaceae and Poaceae
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. , Glen H. F.
Published: July 2015

A register of names and types for southern Africa would make possible a more rapid completion of the Flora of Southern Africa. Registers for Mesembryanthemaceae and Poaceae, families which are similar in number of species and names, but different in distribution and importance, are compared, to give guidelines for an efficient approach to extending the register to include other families.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). IX Asthenatherum glaucum
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Asthenatherum glaucum (Nees) Nevski was studied. Detailed descriptions of the leaf section and abaxial epidermis are given and illustrated by means of photomicrographs. The leaf anatomy of all specimens is undoubtedly Kranz with radiate chlorenchyma and specialized parenchyma bundle sheath chloroplasts. This observation is the most important justification for separating Asthenatherum from Danthonia, which has non-Kranz anatomy. Significant epidermal variation was observed, particularly in the form and occurrence of macro-hairs and prickles. These epidermal differences appear to correlate with geographical distribution and growth form of the plants and may be of infraspecific taxonomic significance. The epidermal variation is continuous, but three more or less distinct groups can be recognized: annual plants with unique macro-hairs with corrugated walls; annual or perennial plants without macro-hairs but with large straight prickles without swollen bases; and perennial plants without these large prickles. These groups appear to represent an intergrading cline along an increasing moisture gradient eastwards from the Namib Desert in South West Africa/Namibia.
A vegetation survey of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. I. The use of association-analysis and Braun-Blanquet methods*
Authors: Taylor H. C.
Published: July 2015

The survey aimed to establish broad vegetation units that could be mapped on an extensive scale in the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve at the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula. This paper compares the performance of two methods, association-analysis and the Braun-Blanquet method as developed by the Zurich-Montpellier School of Phytosociology. One hundred 50 m2  sample plots, covering the whole Reserve, were placed systematically at grid intersections on the 1:18 000 topographical map. at 1 000-yard (914 m) intervals. Species lists, recording merely presence of all species with permanently recognizable aerial parts, were made for each plot. The association-analysis resulted in a classification of 23 final groups of sample plots, of which only five groups showed high floristic and ecological homogeneity. Of the remainder, eight groups contained some anomalous, misplaced plots, and ten represented small, isolated fragments of natural units. The original data were then analysed using Braun-Blanquet methods to provide an independent classification for comparison with the former. The Braun-Blanquet communities were found to be more homogeneous in terms of previously defined habitat groupings and showed floristic relationships consistent with these groupings. It is concluded that, with the type of sampling used, the synthetic phytosociological Braun-Blanquet method provides a more natural classification of plant communities of the Reserve than does the monothetic divisive association-analysis method.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Rutherford M. C. , Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

SECTORS OF THE TRANSVAAL PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
New species and combinations in Parmelia (Lichenes) from southern Africa F. BRUSSE*
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

Eight new species are described and six new combinations are made in the lichen genus Parmelia from southern Africa, The new species are Parmelia astricta Brusse, P. clivorum Brusse, P. marroninipuocta Brusse, P. patula Brusse,  P. scitula Brusse, P.  sparengs en s Brusse, P. unctula Brusse and P. veroicosa Brusse. The new combinations are P. ag g reg a ta (D. Knox) Brusse, P. c ed rus-montana (Brusse), Brusse, P. dysprosa (Brusse D. Knox) Brusse, P. exornata (Zahibr.) Brusse,  P. karoo (D. Knox Brusse) Brusse and  P. leucostigma (Brusse) Brusse.
The genus Scleria in southern Africa
Authors: Hennessy E. F. Franklin
Published: July 2015

The 23 species of Scleria (Sclerieae, Caricoidcae, Cyperaceae) in southern Africa are revised. Two subgenera are recognized, Hypoporum with one section, Hypoporum,  and Scleria with three sections. Scleria, Acriulus and Schizolepis.  The tribes Sclerieae and Bisboeckelereae are distinguished.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 1. Two new species of the section Pilifer: R. duthieae and R. alatospora
Authors: Volk O. H.
Published: July 2015

Riccia duthieae Volk Perold an d R. alatospora Volk Perold , two new spe cie s en demic to southern Africa , are described . Both species belong to the section Pilifer Volk (1983). which is characterized by the dorsal epithelium of the thalli consisting of loose pillars of colourless cells.
A checklist of the Pteridophytes of the ‘Flora of Southern Africa’ region
Authors: Anthony Nicola C. , Schelpe E. A. C. L. E.
Published: July 2015

The 250 species, both indigenous and naturalized, in th e 75 genera of southern African Pteridophytes are listed with their subspecies and varieties (263 tax a in all ) . Coded distribution ranges are given for each taxon.
ERICACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF PHILIPPIA, FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). X. Pseudo- pentameris
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Pseudopentameris macramha (Schrad.) Conert and P. brachyphylla (Stapf) Conert was studied both in transection and in surface view and is illustrated by means of photomicrographs. The leaf anatomy is typically danthonoid. T he abaxial epidermis consists of inflated, hexagonal long cells and stomata and micro-hairs are absent. Adaxial micro-hairs were observed. The creation of a new genus to accommodate these two species appears justified but certain species in  Pentameris Beauv.,  Merxmuellera Conert and Pentaschistis Stapf show similarities to Pseudopentameris and consideration should be given to their inclusion in Pseudopentamem.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XII. Pentameris thuarii
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of  Pentameris thuarii Beauv. is described and illustrated. It is shown that the leaf anatomy of  P. thuarii bears little resemblance to the anatomy of  P. macrocatyciiw (Steud.) Schweick..  P. obiiisifolia (Hochst.) Schweick., P. longiglumis (Nccs) Stapf or P. dregeana Stapf. The leaf anatomy of P. thuarii was found to correspond closely with that of some specimens of Pentaschistis pallescens (Schrad.) Stapf, P. silvatica Adamson and P. lonuosa (Trin.) Stapf. The morphology of these  Pentaschistis specimens needs to be compared with that of  P. thuarii in order to establish whether the true relationships of  P. thuarii lie with these taxa. Anatomically. P. thuarii does not appear to be closelv related to anv species presently classified in Pentameris.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Henderson L.
Published: July 2015

SURVEY OF EXOTIC WOODY PLANT INVADERS O F THE TRANSVAAL — ADDENDUM
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

PHYTOCAP. A FIELD-DATA CAPTURE PRO GRAM FOR THE  PHYTOTAB PROGRAM PACKAGE
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 3. R. schelpei, a new species, in the new subgenus Chartacea
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Riccia schelpei Volk Perold, sp. nov., endemic to the western Cape, is described. It is characterized by the parchment-like epidermis of the thallus, thick-walled hyaline epidermal cells and by dorsal air-pores encircled by a raised ring of smaller thin-walled cells. This species is the type of the new monotypic subgenus Chartacea Perold.
The identity of Erica vinacea and notes on hybridization in Erica
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

The rediscovery of Erica vinacea L. Bol. among sympatric populations of two other species led to a comparison of their morphological characters. Results of this study indicate a putative hybrid origin: E. x  vinacea L. Bol. = E. fastigiata L. x  E. fervida L. Bol.
ADIANTACEAE
Authors: Jacobsen W. B. G , Jacobsen N. H. G.
Published: July 2015

CHEILANTHES DELTOIDEA KUNZE IN THE WATERBERG, TRANSVAAL
BRYACEAE (MUSCI)
Authors: Van Rooy J.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ANOMOBRYUM
FABACEAE
Authors: Hennessy E. F.
Published: July 2015

A FOURTH NATURAL ERYTHRINA HYBRID FROM SOUTH AFRICA
IRIDACEAE
Authors: Wijnands D. O.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT CITATION OF MONTBRETIA CROCOSMIIFLORA
LAMIACEAE
Authors: Codd L.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  THORNCROFTIA
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE
Authors: Glen H. F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW COMBINATION IN  LAMPRANTHUS
ORCHIDACEAE
Authors: Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

NOTES ON THE DISINAE FOR THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
William Keit and the Durban Botanic Garden
Authors: McCracken D. P.
Published: July 2015

William Keit was born in Saxony in 1841 and in early life travelled across Europe working in many famous nurseries and gardens. In 1872 on the recommendation of the director of Kew Gardens, Keit emigrated to Natal to become curator of the Durban Botanic Garden. So dilapidated was this garden that Keit was faced with the task of virtually re-establishing it.Though he was largely successful in this endeavour, as he was in fortifying the link between Natal and Kew, Keit could not solve the problems of a severe drought,a labour shortage and a scarcity of funds. In 1881 he resigned his position leaving a solid foundation on which the renowned botanist, John Medley Wood was to build. Keit in later Ufe ran a successful nursery in Durban and for 30 years was curator of the Parks and Gardens Department,in which capacity he did more than anyone else to beautify Durban.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Spies J. J.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 1.
E. A. C. L. E. (Ted) Scheipe (1924-1985) — a biography
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

Prof. E.A.C.L.E. Scheipe was born in Durban on 27 July 1924 and died in Cape Town on  12 October 1985. He studied at the University of Natal and at Oxford, England. He was awarded an M.Sc. (S. Afr.) for a thesis on the ecology of the Natal Drakensberg and a D. Phil. (Oxon.) for a thesis on the ecology of bryophytes. For a brief period he was Curator of the Fielding Herbarium, Oxford. In  1953 he was appointed Lecturer in Botany at the University of Cape Town, until in  1973 he was awarded a full professorship (ad hominem) and the title of Director of the Bolus Herbarium. Here he established a school of taxonomy and promoted  22  theses. His main fields of research were the taxonomy and phytogeography of Pteridophyta (especially African groups) and of Orchidaceae.He has  112 publications to his credit and collected over 7 000 numbers in various regions of Africa, in Europe and the Himalayas. He was a keen gardener and was active in several societies promoting horticulture, orchidology and nature conservation. He was a member of several scientific committees and was repeatedly honoured for his work.Three children were born from his marriage to Sybella Gray, also a botanist.
The taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of southern Afri­can Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae
Authors: White F.
Published: July 2015

Information is provided on the taxonomy, chorology and reproductive biology of 14 indigenous and two introduced species of Meliaceae in southern Africa, and on  Ptaeroxylon (Ptaeroxylaceae). Two new taxa are described: Nymanieae F. White, tribus nov. and  Turraea strevi F. White B. T. Styles, sp. nov. Nurmonia (Harms) F. White,  comb, et stat. nov.. a new section of  Turraea L. is created. The account complements the treatments of these families in the  Flora of southern Africa.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 4. Three endemic species, R. natalensis, R. microciliata sp. nov. and R. mammifera sp. nov.
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Three endemic species of the group  'Ciliatae' (subgenus  Riccia sectio  Riccia) are dealt with. The description of R. natalensis Sim is emended, as Sim's original description (1926) was sketchy and Arnell (1963) had no fresh material to examine, which resulted in some inaccurate observations: R. microciliata Volk Perold is a diminutive new species w'ith conspicuous, arched marginal and occasionally dorsal cilia, whereas  R. mammifera Volk Per­old. another new species, has enlarged cells (or short cilia) along the thallus margins.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Authors: Forster P. I.
Published: July 2015

THE NOMENCLATURE OF SEVERAL  BRACHYSTELMA SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA
FABACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW RECORD FOR NATAL
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XIV. Pentameris dregeana
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Transverse sections and abaxial epidermal scrapes of leaf blades of Pentameris dregeana Stapf, both of herbarium specimens and of freshly fixed material, were examined by light microscopy. The anatomical structure was found to be basically uniform in a representative sample. A few somewhat atypical specimens, how'ever, showed epidermal similarities with  Pentaschistis colorata (Steud.) Stapf. A comparison with other danthonoid grasses revealed some specimens identified as  Pentaschistis colorata var.  polytricha Stapf which resemble  Pentameris dregeana very closely in leaf anatomy. A definite gradation in leaf anatomy between  Pentameris dregeana and  Penta­schistis colorata appears to exist and. consequently, it is proposed that the affinities of Pentameris dregeana lie with this group of  Pentaschistis species rather than close to any of the other  Pentameris species.
A method for vegetation stratification using scale-related, vegetation-enhanced satellite imagery
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Malan O. G.
Published: July 2015

A method for visual vegetation stratification and pattern refinement, using scale-related, vegetation-enhanced satellite imagery, is described. The method simplifies colour assignment, facilitates accurate vegetation mapping and could lead to balanced floristic classifications.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 2.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Westfall R. H.
Published: July 2015

PHYTOLOC — A RANDOM-NUMBER GENERATOR AND SAMPLE-SET LOCATION PROGRAM FOR STRATIFIED RANDOM VEGETATION SAMPLING
A new species and a new combination of Asclepias(Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Nicholas A.
Published: July 2015

A new species is described: Asclepias gordon-grayae A. Nicholas, sp. nov. and a new combination is made: Asclepias compressidens (N.E. Br.) A. Nicholas, comb. nov.
Two new brown subcrustose Parmelia species from southern Africa (lichenized Ascomycetes)
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

Two new brown subcrustose species of Parmelia (Lichenes) are described from southern Africa on rock. They are P. barda Brusse and P.  princeps Brusse. The affinities of the two species are discussed.
FABACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF INDIGOFERA FROM NATAL AND TRANSKEI
POLYGONACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF OXYGONUM FROM NATAL
TELOSCHlSTACEAE
Authors: Kärnefelt I.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  CALOPLACA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA
Cetraria (Parmeliaceae) and some related genera on the African continent
Authors: Kärnefelt I.
Published: July 2015

Four species are reported new for the lichen flora of southern Africa:  Bryoria fuseescens (Gyeln.) Brodo D. Hawksw.,  B. motykae (D. Hawksw.) Brodo D. Hawksw.,  Cetraria chlorophylla (Humb.) Vain, and  Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. Culb. (Parmeliaceae), found at high elevations in Natal and south-west Cape.  B. fuscescens, B. motykae and  P. glauca were previously known from a few localities, also at high elevations, in east Africa. The genus Cetraria s. str. was previously unknown on the African continent.
Taxonomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Setacea group
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

The Setacea species group in the genus Ehrharta Thunb. is differentiated morphologically by the short first sterile lemma and by inflorescences of fewer than 20 spikelets. The Setacea group is composed of two species, each with subspecies linked by intraspecific intermediates: E. rupestris Nees ex Trin. subsp.  rupestris; subsp.  tricostata (Stapf) Gibbs Russell; subsp.  dodii (Stapf) Gibbs Russell and E. setacea Nees subsp.  setacea; subsp.  scabra (Stapf) Gibbs Russell; subsp. uniflora (Burch, ex Stapf) Gibbs Russell; subsp.  disticha Gibbs Russell. All taxa are endemic to the Fynbos vegetation of the south-western Cape Province, with distribution centred in the Caledon degree grid (3419). Parallel trends for plant size and habit, leaf blade width and position, and spikelet size are demonstrated in both species, with similar plant types occurring in similar geographical areas.
Leaf anatomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Setacea group
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of the taxa of the Setacea group of species of the genus Ehrharta is described and illustrated. This group includes E. rupestris Nees ex Trin. subsp.  rupestris, subsp.  tricostata (Stapf) Gibbs Russell and subsp.  dodii (Stapf) Gibbs Russell, as well as E. setacea Nees subsp.  setacea, subsp.  scabra (Stapf) Gibbs Russell, subsp.  uniflora (Burch, ex Stapf) Gibbs Russell and subsp.  disticha Gibbs Russell. All these taxa share a very characteristic leaf anatomy with inrolled or infolded leaves without keels and have adaxial ribs with interlocking prickles. The chlorenchyma is dense and compact with inwardly projecting invaginations visible in all taxa except  E. setacea subsp.  setacea. In E .  setacea subsp. scabra typical arm cells are present. Abaxial costal and intercostal zones are not differentiated and stomata are absent. The long cells are hexagonal or inflated with sinuous walls. Silica bodies are single or paired and rounded in shape. Small hook-like prickles with short barbs are common. Microhairs with a short, truncated distal cell occur. This leaf anatomical structure differs considerably from that of the other species groups recognized in African  Ehrharta and the Setacea group appears to be more distinct from the other groups than they are from each other.
The genus Rubus (Rosaceae) in South Africa. IV. Natural hybridiza­ tion
Authors: Spies J. J. , Stirton C. H. , Du Plessis H.
Published: July 2015

The genus  Rubus L. is represented in southern Africa by the subgenera  Eubatus Focke and  Idaeobatus Focke. A combination o f morphological data, data on the reproductive systems of some collections and meiotic chromosome behaviour indicates that a hybrid swarm in the eastern Transvaal was formed subsequent to the hybridization between R. cuneifolius Pursh. taxon B (subgenus Eubatus) and R. longepedicellatus (C. E. Gust.) C. H. Stirton (subgenus Idaeobatus). Other examples of intra- and intersubgeneric hybridization were found during this study of the South African material. These instances, with examples found in the literature, indicate that the subgeneric subdivisions of Rubus are artificial. Three different methods were used to analyse the meiotic chromosome configurations. The genome relationship system of Alonso Kimber (1981) and Kimber Alonso (1981) and the modification of the binomial system of Jackson Casey (1980) by Spies (1984) proved to be the most sensitive for distinguishing between alio-, segmental alio- and autoploids.
Ordination by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the vegetation of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province
Authors: Mcdonald D. J.
Published: July 2015

The data of a Braun-Blanquet vegetation classification was ordinated using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). This was done at the Fynbos Biome intensive study site, Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, to investigate the factors determining the distribution of the plant communities. Superimposition of environmental data on the DCA ordination confirmed the indications of the Braun-Blanquet classification that the distribution of plant communities is most strongly correlated with soil geology and, to a lesser extent, with soil moisture status. The ordination also proved useful for examining the relationships between the transitional communites and the distinct communities of Swartboschkloof.
Miscellaneous note: CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 3.
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 3.
FABACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF RHYNCHOSIA FROM THE RICHTERSVELD
Taxonomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Villosa group
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E.
Published: July 2015

The Villosa species group in the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. is differentiated morphologically by very large, profusely hairy, bearded and aristate spikelets and by a suffrutescent habit, with culms woody at the base and with reduced leaf blades. The Villosa group is composed of two species, one with a variety: E. thunbergii Gibbs Russell, nom. nov., E. villosa Schult. f. var.  villosa and E. villosa var. maxima Stapf. Members of the group occur on sandy soils in the Succulent Karoo and Fynbos Biomes, along the west coast in Strandveld and on the southern coast as far east as the Fish River. Morphologically, the group appears to be related to the Calycina and Capensis groups.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H.
Published: July 2015

CHROMOSOME STUDIES ON AFRICAN PLANTS. 5.
New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. , Reid C. , Fish L. , Germishuizen G. , Van Wyk M. , Van Rooy J.
Published: July 2015

Alterations for the year 1986 to the inventory maintained in PRECIS are reported for bryophytes, pteridophytes and monocotyledons, and for a few dicotyledons. For the cryptogams and monocots there are 77 newly described species or infraspecific taxa, 27 names brought back into use, and nine species newly reported for southern Africa, resulting in 113 additions to the total list of species. Five species were removed because they were mistakenly recorded from the area. Seventy-five names have gone into synonymy, there are 52 new combinations, and there are 35 orthographic corrections, resulting in 237 alterations to the list of species. The total of 355 additions, deletions and alterations represents about 5% of the total species and infraspecific taxa for the cryptogams and monocots.
Studies in the Ericoideae (Ericaceae). VI. The generic relationship between Erica and <i.Philippia in southern Africa,
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

Problems in placing certain species satisfactorily in  Philippia or  Erica have led to an investigation of characters delimiting the genera mainly in southern African species. The only character used in placing problem species was partial versus total recaulescence of the bract. This separation breaks down completely in a few species in which ericoid and philippioid flowers occur within the same inflorescence. Not all species of Philippia are closely related, some being more closely related to various sections within  Erica. It is evident that  Philippia is an unnatural polyphyletic group. It is concluded that Philippia should be placed in synonymy under Erica.
Two closely related species of Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae, Lichenes) from the Namib Desert
Authors: Kärnefelt I.
Published: July 2015

The anatomical and reproductive adaptations of two closely related lichen species.  Caloplaca elegantissima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. and C. namibensis Karnef., sp. nov., occurring in the outer Namib fog desert, are discussed. Both species belong to the cmstose forms, frequently found in the remarkably rich lichen communities, which largely depend on fog precipitation for their water supply. Both species are endemic to the Namib Desert. They are mainly distributed in South West Africa/Namibia but also extend into south-western Angola. The asexual isidiate species.  C. namibensis Karnef., is described as new.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XVI. The genus Urochlaena
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Urochlaena pusilla Nees is described and illustrated. The transectional anatomy is non- Kranz with diffuse but uniformly distributed chlorenchyma. The abaxial epidermis has dome-shaped stomata, dumbbell­shaped silica bodies, elongated finger-like microhairs, and cushion-based macrohairs may or may not be present. This type of arundinoid anatomy closely resembles that o f  Tribolium Desv.,  Chaetobromus Nees,  Schismus Beauv., and certain species of Pentaschistis Stapf.  Urochlaena pusilla is very similar to  Tribolium utriculosum (Nees) Renv. in leaf anatomy and these two species appear to be closely related.
Ecology and population biology of Euphorbia perangusta (Euphorbiaceae) in the Transvaal, South Africa
Authors: Raal P. A.
Published: July 2015

The conservation status of Euphorbia perangusta R. A. Dyer, an endangered plant restricted to the Marico District of the Transvaal, South Africa, and adjoining parts of Bophuthatswana was determined. The distribution, habitat and population dynamics of E. perangusta are discussed. The monitoring of the largest known population has revealed that this population has declined rapidly since the onset of a drought in 1983. The major cause of this decline appears to be the destruction of the plants by porcupines which feed on E. perangusta during droughts. It appears that, during droughts,  E. perangusta is restricted to rocky ridges because there is an increase in porcupine damage on more accessible populations. The species is also subjected to other factors which reduce flower formation in a large proportion of plants. If these factors continue to operate, the species could become extinct in the near future. Conservation recommendations are discussed.
OBITUARY
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

ROBERT ALLEN DYER (1900-1987)
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XVII. The genus Chaetobromus
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf anatomy of Chaetobromus Nees is described and illustrated. The genus has non-Kranz anatomy but with a low lateral cell count. The abaxial epidermis is not pooid as microhairs are present, the silica bodies are dumbbell-shaped and the stomatal subsidiaries are dome-shaped. From the sample o f 33 randomly selected speci­mens from throughout the distribution range o f the genus it was possible to identify four anatomical groups, each associated with a specific habitat and differing in vegetative morphology. These intergrade in a reticulate pattern and do not constitute discrete entities. It appears that the genus is monospecific with four poorly separated subspecific taxa.
A checklist of the flowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province
Authors: Mcdonald D. J. , Morley M.
Published: July 2015

A list of Dowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof is presented. This list represents a combination of species recorded in Van der Merwe (1966), Werger, Kruger Taylor (1972), McDonald (1983, 1985) and specimens collected from Swartboschkloof housed in the Government Herbarium, Stellenbosch (STE) and the Wicht Herbarium, Jonkershoek (JI ). The checklist is analysed and the flora of Swartboschkloof compared with the respective floras of Cape Hangklip and Cape Point  (sensu Taylor 1985).distribution of major vegetation units or veld types in the Zuurberg National Park, situated on the eastern limits of the Fynbos Biome, is presented. Structural and floristic criteria are used to describe and map five basic units, namely Afromontane Forest, Subtropical Thicket, Mountain Fynbos, Grassy Fynbos and Grassland.
Description of a proteoid-restioid stand in Mesic Mountain Fynbos of the south-western Cape and some aspects of its ecology
Authors: Davis G.
Published: July 2015

A description of the community and its climatic and edaphic environments is given for a stand of Mountain Fynbos vegetation codominated by  Leucadendron xanthoconus and  Chondropetalum hookerianum.  The paper categorizes aspects of the study site either according to existing classifications, or by comparison with other fynbos systems. Comparison of rainfall and temperature data with those collected at an agricultural research station in the region indicated high variability in the spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation, and an air temperature regime which was influenced by the topography. Analysis of vegetation data revealed a species richness lower than other fynbos communities, but a species turnover of similar magnitude. A list of flowering plants and ferns found in the stand is appended. The soil of Table Mountain Group origin comprised a colluvial A -E horizon with a well defined stone-line, and residual B and C horizons of shale origin. It had low pH and nutrient status, with a high measured concentration of aluminium, especially in the B horizon.
A revision of the genus Prionanthium (Poaceae : Arundineae)
Authors: Davidse Gerrit
Published: July 2015

Priononanthium revised and three species are recognized. All three species have a chromosome number of n =7. The genus is unual. in having multicellular, secretory glands on the glumes and a wide range of inflorescence types. Priononanthium  is considered to be arundinoid on the basis of its leaf anatomy, ciliate ligule, spikelet morphologyand less strongly, chromosome number. Its chromosome number, multicellular glands, two florets per spikelet, type of palea and  rachilla extension relate it more closely to  Pentaschistis than to any other extant arundinoid genus. A fully illustrated taxonomic account is presented.
FUSCIDEACEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF MARONEA (LICHENES) FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF MARONEA (LICHENES) FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)
Authors: Spies J. J. , Saayman E. J. L. , Voges S. P. , Davidse G.
Published: July 2015

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.
Miscellaneous notes
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

TWO NOMENCLATURE PROBLEMS INVOLVING ARTICLE 63
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 14. R. concava section Pilifer
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

A historical account is given of the confusion caused by the application of the name  R. concava to various taxa. A new description of the species as understood by the author is given and a comparison made with related species. Its distribution and ecology are noted.
The genera Polygonum and Bilderdykia (Polygonaceae) in southern Africa: morphology and taxonomic value of the ocrea and fruit
Authors: Germishuizen G. , Robbertse P. J. , Kok P. D. F.
Published: July 2015

The external morphology of the fruit and the ocrea of 16 taxa of Polygonum and Bilderdykia in southern Africa was studied.Fruits are either lenticular or trigonous. Six types of fruit surfaces were distinguished. Five types of ocreae were found, characterized by: a green undulating limb; a silvery hyaline sheath; a brown tubular sheath without terminal hairs; a terminal fringe of short cilia or setae; and a bristly hairy sheath fringed with long rigid setae.
A re-examination of the genus Amphibolia (Mesembryanthemaceae)
Authors: Hartmann H. E. K.
Published: July 2015

The holotypes of all five species placed in the genus Amphibolia L. Bol. ex Toelken Jessop have been examined. Only two of them agree with the generic diagnosis, but they are not congeneric. The type species chosen by Herre is shown to be in serious conflict with the protologue and a new lectotype (A. maririma L. Bol. ex Toelken Jessop) is therefore designated. The other four species are excluded from  Amphibolia.
POLYGONACEAE: OXYGONUM ALTISSIMUM, A NEW SPECIES FROM CENTRAL SOMALIA
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

OXYGONUM ALTISSIMUM, A NEW SPECIES FROM CENTRAL SOMALIA
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Britz P. J. , Panagos M. D.
Published: July 2015

3. A NEW TOP-LOADING PLANT PRESS FOR OFF-SITE SPECIMEN PRESSING