bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Varying the Twist Multiplier of Open-End Yarn on Pilling and Other Fabric Properties
Authors: Paek Soae L. , Winsor Helen B.
Published: June 2014

Pilling has been one of the major consumer problems of man-made staple yarn products. This study evaluated the pilling performance of 65/35% Dacron/cotton fabrics woven from open-end (OE) yarns by the Random Tumble Pilling Tester Method (ASTM Test Method D3512-82) and the Elastomeric Pad Method (ASTM Test Method D3514-81) at five specified test intervals. The effect of twist level of warp and filling yarns on pilling propensity, flex abrasion, tensile strength, and breaking elongation was also investigated.

Pilling produced by the Random Tumble Pilling (RTP) procedure was mainly fiber fuzz and loosely anchored pills; that produced by the Elastomeric Pad Method (EPM) was large scale pills and fiber entanglement which did not wear off readily.

ANOVA test revealed that the twist level of warp yarns had a significant influence on thepilling characteristics as evidenced in both pilling tests. Twist level of filling yarns influenced EPMpilling ratings only intermittently. The effect of twist level of warp yarns was highly significant for the warp direction on flex abrasion, tensile strength, and breaking elongation. On the other hand the twist level of filling yarns influencedfilling tensile and breaking elongation.

The major findings of the study indicate that pilling performance was significantly influenced by pilling test method and testperiod. The low and intermediate twist levels of OE yarns investigated did not consistently affect the pilling and other fabric properties analyzed.
Formaldehyde Emission Rates from Carpeting in the Home Environment
Authors: Carver Marie N.
Published: June 2014

Many consumerproducts releaseformaldehyde (CH2O) into the atmosphere at varying rates. A Formaldehyde Surface Emission Monitor (FSEM) was used to measure formaldehyde release after conditioning 40 carpet samples. Emitted CH2O was analyzed by using a water rinse desorption, colorimetric procedure and measured spectrophotometrically using pararosaniline. Emission rate coefficients (μg/m 2d) were calculated for each sample. The emission rate coefficients were then used to estimate contributions (ppb) of CH2O to an average room in the home.

Results indicated that the average emission rate coefficients rangedfrom 9.0 to 102.2 μg/m 2d. Carpet samples which had darker color values emitted more CH 2O than those having lighter color values. Carpet samples of high, cut loops emitted more CH2O than those oflow, uncut loops. No relationship was found to exist between the amount of CH2O emitted and fiber content. The estimated CH2O contribution to an average room rangedfrom 14 to 142 ppb.
Imported Versus U.S.-Produced Ladies' Sportswear: Retail Buyers' Attitudes and Practices
Authors: Atkins T. Virginia , Jenkins Martha C.
Published: June 2014

Ladies' sportswear buyers for retail establishments were surveyed regarding attitudes and buying practices. Hypotheses were tested concerning buyers' 1) perceptions of quality of imports, 2) awareness of the impact of imported apparel on the domestic industry, and 3) opinions and practices by type of store—department, discount, specialty—for which they worked. Most buyers reported purchasing imports and only 8% indicated they made less profit on them. Buyers were almost equally divided on whether or not imports hurt the domestic industry.

Results of chi-square tests indicated that 1) buyers' perception of quality differed relative to profit made on imports and by range of high price points purchased; 2) buyers' awareness of impact of imported apparel on the domestic industry differed relative to percentage of imports purchased, reason given for that opinion, profit made on imports, and whether imports were obtained from Korea; 3) buyers for department, discount, and specialty stores differed relative to percentage of sportswear bought by the resident buying office and price line of merchandise.
Retail Buyers: Perceptions of the Apparel Industry "Buy American" Campaign
Authors: Tolbert Sheila , Sternquist Brenda , Davis Bonnie
Published: June 2014

The influence of the "Buy American" campaign on retail buyers appears to be negligible. Few buyers are actually using campaign materials and buyers are reluctant to begin using materials if made available.

R-type factor analysis was used to condense buyers' responses to eight Likert-type statements. Buyers were classified into two typologies, Potential Promoters and Active Promoters. Analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among the store types. In addition, analysis of covariance was used to determine the effect of controlling for age, education, and salary.

Two demographic variables, age and salary, are related to retail buyers' views about the "Buy American" campaign. Older buyers are more likely to be actively promoting the "Buy American" campaign or more willing to promote the campaign in thefuture. High salary earners were less likely currently or in the future to promote the "Buy American" campaign.
Farm Families' Attitudes and Practices Regarding Pesticide Application and Protective Clothing: A Five- State Comparison
Authors: Rucker Margaret , Branson Donna , Nelson Cherilyn , Olson Wanda , Slocum Ann , Stone Janis
Published: June 2014

A survey offarm families in five states was conducted to determine attitudes and practices regarding pesticide application and protective clothing. Specific objectives included determining relationships among actual risk factors, perceived risk, and precautionary activities as well as identifying practices that needed modification in order to reduce risks associated with use ofpesticides. Some analyses suggested a positive relationship between actual and perceived risk measures whereas others did not. For example, the two states reporting the highest use ofmore toxic chemicals and greatest incidence of healthproblems related to pesticide application also accounted for the highest average ratings on the overall perceived health risk scale. On the other hand, the majority of growers in each state assumed that common work clothingprotected them from dermal exposure regardless ofthe formulation or application method they were using. Although most growers reported following recommended practices such as wearing gloves during pesticide application and storing pesticide-soiled clothing separatefrom other laundry, enough deviation occurred to indicate the need for continuing education on pesticide hazards.
Clothing for Elderly and Non-Elderly Men: A Comparison of Preferences, Perceived Availability and Fitting Problems
Authors: Hogge Vivian E. , Baer Margaret , Kang-Park Jikyeong
Published: June 2014

Thepurpose of this study was to compare thepreferences, perceived availability andfittingproblems ofselected ready-to-wear garments for elderly and non-elderly men living in northern Colorado. The participants were 50 males, 65 years of age and older, and a contrast group of 50 males, 30-50 years of age. A Clothing Preference Interview Schedule was developed, adapted from a Clothing Needs of Elderly Women Questionnaire by Hogge and Baer, to obtain data from the participants. The data from the Interview Schedules were coded and computer analyzed using the Statistical Packagefor the Social Sciences. Inferential statistics were computed to investigate relationships or differences that existed between responses of the elderly and non-elderly men. More men from the elderly than non-elderly group were able to find garments in their preferred sizes and colors in the local stores. Men in both groups expressed various preferences for fiber content of selected clothing items. However, the older men had a greater acceptance of man-made fibers. The common fitting problem of both groups with shirts and jackets was sleeve length. When purchasing clothing, the most important factor for both groups was fit. Design/ style was ranked as second by the non-elderly and eighth by the elderly men who ranked durability and price higher than the non-elderly men did.
Stretch Fabric Interaction with Action Wearables: Defining a Body Contouring Pattern System
Authors: Ziegert Beate , Keil Geraldine
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish a flexible and economical system for designing well-fitting body contouring apparel with knitted elastomeric fabrics. The methods used consisted of a simple fabric test which measured the stretchability of elastomeric fabrics and then expressed their stretchability as a percent; a system that adjusted a flat pattern for woven fabrics into a modified pattern for use with any elastomeric fabric; a gridwork system which was drawn onto the modified pattern; and two formulas that calculated and distributed the amount of reductions onto the gridwork. Two fabrics with different stretch characteristics were chosen to test the system, and two garments from each fabric were constructed. Results indicate that each fabric and each grain direction require different pattern shapes for the garments to display the same fit. Investigation of other stretch fabrics and garment types, as well as computerization of the system, would provide more knowledge about this hitherto little researched field.
Clothing and Human Values: A Two-Dimensional Model for Measurement
Authors: Sontag M. Suzanne , Schlater Jean D.
Published: June 2014

This paper describes a model, based on a human ecological perspective, for the study of human values and uses the model to organize clothing and human values research. We have developed a two-dimensional matrix based on focus and subject-object inclusion as a model to classify past values research and guide the conduct of future values research. We propose that values investigations may be grouped according to three foci: Content, Structure, and Process. Additionally, we identify three measurement approaches for valuation on the basis of subject-object inclusion: Subject-only, Subject-object reactive, and Subject-object interactive.

Researchers could apply this model to many domains of interest, such as housing, family, work, or clothing. To illustrate its usefulness, we employed the matrix to classify clothing and human values research conducted from 1960-1992. Most research employed a content or structure focus within a subject-only or subject-object reactive approach. New frontiers for values research and measurement are proposed.
An Analysis of Sewing Systems with a Focus on Alabama Apparel Producers
Authors: Lin Shu-Hwa , Kincade Doris H. , Warfield Carol
Published: June 2014

With increased competition and a changing market place, apparel manufacturers are searching for efficient and responsive production facilities. Selection of appropriate sewing systems is a fundamental part of manufacturing plans. This exploratory study presents a conceptual framework for the study of sewing systems. The framework is applied and tested in an empirical study of the sewing systems used by 96 apparel producers. The product line characteristics of volume and style change frequency directly relate to the type of sewing system used. The conceptual framework has implications for academicians and practitioners studying sewing systems.
Exchange Relationships Between Apparel Retailers and Manufacturers
Authors: ZuHone Laura M. , Morganosky Michelle A.
Published: June 2014

The outcome of exchange relationships between retailers and manufacturers may depend upon the amount of power held by each channel member. In this study, the power held by apparel retailers and manufacturers was examined, based on Emerson's power-dependence theory which states that one channel member's power resides in the dependency of another. Results indicate that the power of retailers and manufacturers was related to their dependence on each other. An imbalance of power was found, with retailers perceived as having greater power than manufacturers in key decision-making areas.
Small Town Independent Apparel Retailers: Risk Propensity and Attitudes Toward Change
Authors: Fincham Lisa H. , Minshall Bettie C.
Published: June 2014

This study was designed to examine risk propensity and attitudes toward implementing change among independent apparel retailers located in communities with populations of less than 50,000 in a midwestem state. Responses to a mailed questionnaire (n = 169) indicated that while the retailers as a group were not financial risk takers, male retailers were more likely to take risk than female retailers, and individuals who had owned their business "10 to 19 years" were more likely to take risk than those who had owned their business for less than 10 years. A large number of the respondents in this study were females (64%), and of these, 37% were over the age of 55. As a group, retailers were found to have low propensities to take risks or accept change in the workplace.
Hypermedia: Instructional Innovation in Historic Costume
Authors: Frey Diane K. , Farrell-Beck Jane
Published: June 2014

Using key principles of perceptual theory, the researchers examined new instructional methods for presenting visual images of historic costume (in three 5-year increments) to students for analysis and categorization. In addition, principles of cognitive theory provided the basis for examining the effectiveness of the stimuli for each learner. Visual images consisted of different compositions: fashion plates with five figures, single figures, or segments (close-up images of upper, middle, or lower part). The historic costume lesson was developed using hypermedia technology which combines computers and videodiscs allowing for the integration of text, visual images, and audible information. Seventy-nine undergraduate students completed a Learning Style Profile and an achievement test after using the lesson. During the lesson students chose visual images (56%) more often than written descriptions (30%) or audio messages (14%) for acquiring information about historic costume. The visual composition selected most often was the single figure, followed in order by 5-figure fashion plates, and last, segments. The type of media selected correlated strongly with a student's analytical skills. Strong analytical learners used text significantly more frequently than students with average or weak analytical skills (p = .0029). The t-test revealed that for all students the mean scores for the ending achievement test increased significantly (p = .01) over the scores for the preliminary test. In addition, high analytical skills had a significant interaction (F (2,76) = 5.21, p = .008) with high achievement scores. This study lends support to the recommendation that various compositions of visual images are an effective strategy for assimilating information about historic costume. Visual images are highly important but not to the exclusion of text and audio.
Dress and Gender in Kalabari Women's Societies
Authors: Michelman Susan O. , Eicher Joanne B.
Published: June 2014

This paper provides an analysis of dress in Kalabari women's societies of Nigeria Dress is examined as a form of non-verbal communication symbolizing changing gender roles among Kalabari women. Dress in this context also acts as a visual form of social control related to status, gender, and ethnic identity. The development and proliferation of Kalabari women's societies from the late 1960s is shown to be linked to political and socioeconomic developments within Nigeria. As roles for many Kalabari women are moving in the direction of increased social and political achievement, so too, does their dress reflect this change. As women redefine their norms of dress with women's societies, they visually reinforce their ability to ascend politically and economically in Kalabari society.
Effects of Field-Wear Abrasion on Barrier Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Cloud Rinn M. , Lowe Phyllis
Published: June 2014

Eight nonwoven fabrics were made into experimental protective pants and worn into two types of low crop fields. Barrier properties (water penetration resistance, oil repellency, and air permeability) were measured for control fabrics and fabrics taken from pants worn in the field Results indicate that while loss of breaking strenth due to abrasion was minimal, effects of field wear on barrier properties were significant. Water penetration resistance and oil repellency were reduced and air permeability was increased for most specimens after wear in at least one of the fields. Fluorochemical finishes used on three of the fabrics were less effective after wear. The study suggests that performance of protective clothing may not be adequately assessed by testing fabrics prior to wear.
Canadian Exporting and Non-exporting Apparel Firms: An Analysis of Manager-Related Variables
Authors: Huddleston Patricia T. , Oliver Barbara A.
Published: June 2014

The Canadian apparel industry has experienced erosion of its market share to imported products. Exporting is a strategy to counteract this situation, yet only about 3% of total Canadian apparel shipments are exported. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of Canadian apparel CEOs toward exporting and compare characteristics of exporters and non exporters. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 511 apparel manufacturers, with 56 usable questionnaires returned. Results of t-tests, indicated that CEOs of non-exporting firms perceived exporting to be more complicated than did CEOs of exporting firms. CEOs of exporting firms tended to have higher educational levels and were more likely to have traveled to the U.S. than CEOs of non-exporting firms.
Construction of An SI Theory of Fashion: Part 1. Ambivalence and Change
Authors: Kaiser Susan B. , Nagasawa Richard H. , Hutton Sandra S.
Published: June 2014

In this first part of a three-part series explaining fashion as a social process, a symbolic interactionist (SI) theory is presented to explain why appearance styles continue to emerge, be adopted and change. Unlike existing theories that tend to explain how a particular style diffuses through a social system, this theory draws on SI and extracts underlying concepts that, we propose, instigate and perpetuate changes in appearance styles: ambivalence, symbolic ambiguity, and negotiation. Five principles and associated theoretical statements are developed to explain fashion in general, followed by a more specific look at transitional cultural contexts, using the contemporary, U.S. context for the purpose of illustration.
Investigation of Selected Tactile and Thermal Characteristics of Upholstery Fabrics
Authors: Wilson Cheryl A. , Laing Raechel M.
Published: June 2014

To facilitate appropriate selection of fiber, fabric and product variables (fiber content, fabric structure and product design) during manufacture it is desirable to know what, if any, relationships exist among the fiber, fabric, tactile and thermal properties and acceptability of fabrics. This information would allow targeting of products towards specific end-uses such as upholstery.

Possible interrelationships among selected objective (temperature, humidity) and subjective factors (tactility, thermal acceptability, satisfaction), product acceptability and subject preferences for a range of upholstery fabrics were examined Upholstery samples in seat cover form were assessed in a controlled environment of 23 ± 2°C, 55 ± 2% R.H. Tactile assessment was performed before and after controlled environment testing.

Some small differences in tactile rankings before and after controlled environment testing did occur in the case of the wool/polyester samples. Distinct thermal acceptability, temperature and humidity profiles (both objective and subjective) were identified although these differences were not statistically significant. Significant differentiation among fabrics on the basis of thermal acceptability, temperature and humidity alone was not possible. Lack of significant differences among fabrics perceived temperature and wetness profiles suggested other variables influence consumer judgment of thermal acceptability over time. This was confirmed by subjects overall assessment of fabrics, which differed significantly among samples.
The Effect of Wool Fiber Variables on Tactile Characteristics of Homogeneous Woven Fabrics
Authors: Wilson Cheryl A. , Laing Raechel M.
Published: June 2014

This work examined the extent to which wool fiber variables (fiber diameter, length and bulk) influence the tactile characteristics of otherwise homogeneous fabrics, i.e., fabrics constructed from standardized fiber content, yarn structure, dye, and finishing treatment. Subjects were 24 female students enrolled in advanced Clothing and Textiles courses at the University of Otago and 20 male Textile Scientists. Results showed that structurally homogeneous fabrics (but with differing wool fiber variables) could be distinguished as having different tactile characteristics. Significant differences in the ranking of roughness (F (5,42) = 11.29, p < .001) and prickliness (F (5,42) = 12.84, p < .001) occurred among these fabrics. Smooth and less prickly perceptions were associated with fiber diameter of less than 23 microns and fiber bulk greater than 31 cm3/g; rougher and more prickly perceptions occurred when fiber diameter was greater than 34 microns and fiber bulk less than 21 cm3/g. No significant difference was found among fabrics on the basis of warmth to the touch (F (5,35) = 1.52, ns).
Apparel Manufacturing Business Owners: A Gender Comparison
Authors: Craig Jane S. , Martin Ruth , Horridge Patricia
Published: June 2014

Business owners were studied to determine if women approach business differently from men (integrative perspective). The population (n = 578) served as the sample of Texas apparel manufacturing owners identified by U.S. Standard Industrial Classification codes. Validity and reliability were established for the five scales. Data analyses were conducted on 199 responses. Few significant differences were found between males and females on their individual, organization, and action dimensions expressed by business strategies, negotiating skills, management activities, and strategic postures. Some significant differences were found on the dimensions within the integrative perspective and sociodemographics. The conclusion is that women did not approach their business from an integrative perspective except in a few dimensions. Research should be continued to dismiss the stereotype that women often do not own successful businesses.
Apparel Manufacturers' Use of Factory Outlets to Increase Market Power: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Long Winnie N. , Dillard Betty G. , Henson Susan
Published: June 2014

Apparel manufacturers throughout the United States have sought to achieve greater market power through the use of a multiple channel marketing strategy, selling merchandise throughfactory outlet stores in addition to selling through retail channels. The purpose of this study was to develop an underlying conceptual framework that incorporated the use of this strategy to increase market power, and to conduct an exploratory study to test relationships between changes in market power, expressed as internal and external control, and economic outcomes. Data were generated from responses to a mailed questionnaire completed sufficiently by seventeen of the twenty-two apparel manufacturers in Missouri who used this multiple channel strategy. A significant relationship was found between internal control and economic outcomes, and between external control and economic outcomes. These findings suggest that apparel manufacturers may want to consider using a multiple channel marketing strategy to improve market power as evidenced by economic outcomes.
Clothing and Appearance among Early, Middle and Late Adolescents
Authors: MacGillivray Maureen Sweeney , Wilson Jeannette D.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate clothing use, satisfaction with clothing and satisfaction with the body among early, middle and late adolescents. Data were collected from 478 sixth, ninth and twelfth grade males and females in two school districts, one urban, one rural and separated by 45 miles. Dramatic physical, psychological and social changes are expected to take place during this transitional period of development; however, most research on adolescents and appearance has focused on them as if they were a homogeneous group. Significant differences were found between stages of adolescence on clothing use, satisfaction with clothing and satisfaction with appearance of the body. Older adolescents were less satisfied with their clothing and their bodies than were younger adolescents. Gender differences found between clothing and appearance variables seem to be largely reflective of society in terms of how males and females are socialized (e.g. physical effectiveness for males, physical attractiveness for females). Large differences found between rural and urban adolescents indicate the importance of identifying adolescents by place of residence when examining clothing and appearance and perhaps other lifestyle variables.
The Value of Gifts to College Students
Authors: Hyllegard Karen H. , Fox Jonathan J.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine inefficiency in gift giving, and in particular, the "deadweight loss" that results from giving apparel gifts to college students. Deadweight losses from gift giving were calculated using gift recipients' estimates of gift cost and gift valuations, for both December holiday and Valentine's Day gifts. Probit models were used to estimate the likelihood of receiving apparel gifts and the likelihood of receiving cash gifts. OLS regression was used to investigate the impact of gift cost, gift type, gift occasion and giver's relationship to recipient on gift value. Findings suggest that deadweight loss is a function of giver's relationship to recipient and gift type. Gifts received from parents, siblings, significant others and friends were shown to be more efficient than gifts received from aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents. The deadweight loss resulting from apparel gifts was shown to be significantly greater than the deadweight loss resulting from cash gifts and all other types of gifts, except perfume.
The Effects of Customer Expectations and Store Policies on Retail Salesperson Service, Satisfaction, and Patronage
Authors: Stanforth Nancy F. , Lennon Sharron J.
Published: June 2014

Apparel retailers are seeking a competitive advantage over other companies and good salesperson service may be a way to create that advantage; however, management may institute policies that are barriers to good salesperson service and thus lose that competitive advantage. In a 2 by 2 laboratory experiment 200 volunteer college women viewed slides of a store's interior, listened to a tape of a salesperson resolving a problem according to store policy, and indicated their satisfaction and patronage intent. Results suggest that in many situations, dissatisfaction with salesperson service may be the result of policies instituted by management which fail to meet customer expectations.
Black and White Female Athletes' Perceptions of Their Bodies and Garment Fit
Authors: Feather Betty L. , Herr David G. , Ford Sheila
Published: June 2014

The purposes of this study were to investigate if there were differences between black and white female athletes' satisfaction with their bodies and fit of their clothing and to examine the relationship between body satisfaction and clothing fit. The responses of 290 female collegiate basketball players, 168 white and 122 black, were analyzed. MANOVA, Hotelling's T2, ANOVAs and Pearson Product Moment correlations were used in data analyses. Black and white females' perceptions of their overall bodies differed, black females were more positive about their bodies than white females. Female athletes in this sample did not differ in satisfaction of garment fit. Correlations for perceptions of body cathexis and garment fit were positive and significant. Results have implications for scholars studying racial differences related to dress.
The Role of the Fashion System in Fashion Change: A Response to the Kaiser, Nagasawa and Hutton Model
Authors: Kean Rita C.
Published: June 2014

This paper, written in response to the model of fashion change proposed by Kaiser, Nagasawa and Hutton, suggests that industry is the more powerful change agent in the fashion system than the consumer. Technology and globalization of markets have contributed to the homogeneity of consumer goods in the global marketplace, leaving the consumer limited choice. A conceptual model is used to illustrate the interaction between the role of technology in distribution and fashion change.
Family Involvement and Dividend Policy in Closely Held Firms
Authors: González Maximiliano , Guzmán Alexander , Pombo Carlos , Trujillo María-Andrea
Published: June 2014

This article examines the effects of family involvement on dividend policy in closely held firms that face agency problems involving majority–minority shareholders. We argue that minority shareholders press for dividends when they perceive situations fostering wealth expropriation. Looking at 458 Colombian companies, we find that family involvement in management does not affect dividend policy; family involvement in both ownership and control through pyramids affects dividend policy negatively; and family involvement in control through disproportionate board representation affects dividend policy positively. Thus, family influence on agency problems, and hence on dividend policy as a mitigating mechanism, varies depending on family involvement.
Principle-Based Concept Analysis
Authors: Aghebati Nahid , Mohammadi Eesa , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Noaparast Khosrow Bagheri
Published: June 2014

Purpose: This is a report of a principle-based concept analysis of intentionality in holistic nursing theories. Method: A principle-based concept analysis method was used to analyze seven holistic theories. The data included eight books and 31 articles (1998-2011), which were retrieved through MEDLINE and CINAHL. Findings: Erickson, Kriger, Parse, Watson, and Zahourek define intentionality as a capacity, a focused consciousness, and a pattern of human being. Rogers and Newman do not explicitly mention intentionality; however, they do explain pattern and consciousness ( epistemology). Intentionality has been operationalized as a core concept of nurse–client relationships ( pragmatic). The theories are consistent on intentionality as a noun and as an attribute of the person—intentionality is different from intent and intention ( linguistic). There is ambiguity concerning the boundaries between intentionality and consciousness ( logic). Theoretically, intentionality is an evolutionary capacity to integrate human awareness and experience. Because intentionality is an individualized concept, we introduced it as “a matrix of continuous known changes” that emerges in two forms: as a capacity of human being and as a capacity of transpersonal caring. Conclusion: This study has produced a theoretical definition of intentionality and provides a foundation for future research to further investigate intentionality to better delineate its boundaries.
Evaluating Reporting Heterogeneity in Self-Rated Health Among Adults Aged 50 Years and Above in India
Authors: Hirve Siddhivinayak , Verdes Emese , Lele Pallavi , Juvekar Sanjay , Blomstedt Yulia , Tollman Steve , Wall Stig , Chatterji Somnath , Ng Nawi
Published: June 2014

Objective: To use anchoring vignettes to evaluate reporting heterogeneity (RH) in self-rated mobility and cognition in older adults. Method: We analyzed vignettes and self-rated mobility and cognition in 2,558 individuals aged 50 years and above. We tested for assumptions of vignette equivalence (VE) and response consistency (RC). We used a joint hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model to evaluate self-rating responses for RH. Results: The assumption of VE was met except for “learning” vignettes. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) and education significantly lowered thresholds for cognition ratings. After correction for RH, women, lower SES, and older respondents were significantly more likely to report greater difficulty in mobility. The influence of age, SES, and education on thresholds was less apparent for cognition. Discussion: Our study provides strong evidence of RH in self-rated mobility and cognition. We highlight the need to formally test basic assumptions before using vignettes to adjust self-rating responses for RH.
Dental Care Utilization and Unmet Dental Needs in Older Korean Americans
Authors: Jang Yuri , Yoon Hyunwoo , Park Nan Sook , Chiriboga David A. , Kim Miyong T.
Published: June 2014

Objective: The study explored predictors of dental care utilization and unmet dental needs in older Korean Americans, considering predisposing, enabling (dental insurance, acculturation, and family network), and need (self-rated oral health) variables. Method: Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the data from 209 Korean Americans (aged ≥60) surveyed in Central Texas. Results: Participants with strong family networks and fair/poor self-ratings of oral health reported higher numbers of dental visits in the past year. The likelihood of having an unmet dental need increased when participants had less education, a shorter stay in the United States, no dental insurance coverage, lower levels of acculturation, more limited family networks, fair/poor self-ratings of oral health, and fewer numbers of dental visits. Discussion: Our findings underscore the vulnerability of individuals who are culturally and linguistically isolated and lack family resources, and they highlight the importance of incorporating social and cultural factors in intervention efforts.
High-involvement work processes, work intensification and employee well-being
Authors: Boxall Peter , Macky Keith
Published: June 2014

Using a national population survey, this article examines how high-involvement work processes affect employee well-being. The analysis shows that greater experiences of autonomy and participation in decision-making have positive or neutral effects. Higher involvement is a key factor predicting higher job satisfaction and better work–life balance while it has no relationship to stress or fatigue. In contrast, higher levels of work intensity increase fatigue and stress and undermine work–life balance. If the quality of working life is a key objective in a reform based on greater employee involvement, close attention needs to be paid to the balance between processes that release human potential and those that increase the intensity of work.
An anti-windup rate-varying integral control applied to electromechanical actuator
Authors: Reza Sabaapour Mohammad , Khanmirza Esmaeel , Ghadami Siamak
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces a novel integral-based controller to correct steady-state error as well as to improve trajectory tracking in position control of a rotary actuator. For this aim, linear and nonlinear modeling of a rotary electromechanical actuator via conventional P-D controller has been described followed by investigation of nonlinear element's effects. The model has very good agreement with experimental results. Then, for trajectory tracking improvement and especially to reduce steady-state error induced by external disturbance, different integral based controllers such as PID, PI-D, and I-PD have been considered. Moreover, the problem of integrator saturation (integral wind-up) has been solved by modified rate varying integral method. It has been showed that a PI-D controller with modified rate varying integral can best match controlling requirements, as well as having enough simplicity for analogue implementation. Also, as a new method, it was suggested that for rate-varying integral calculation, the error rate signal could be replaced by error signal. Doing so, not only former advantages were hold, but more simplicity in controller implementation was gained. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dynamics of flexible rotor-shaft assembly with consideration of contact behaviors
Authors: Huang Ziyuan , Fang Jiancheng , Wang Kun
Published: June 2014

An approach is presented for large error problems of modal analysis of shaft assembly by considering contact behaviors of shaft components. The interference of shaft assembly is firstly calculated analytically through contact theory. The modal analysis of the finite element (FE) model of rotor-shaft assembly is executed by optimizing the normal contact stiffness factor (FKN). The accuracy of simulation results is verified in good agreement with experimental modal testing. The percentage errors of the first two bending natural frequencies are 1.3% and 2.8%, respectively. It is demonstrated that accurate mode of rotor-shaft assembly can be achieved. Then critical speeds of forward and backward are obtained by Campbell diagram. In particular, the amplitude-frequency response of rotor different element node under unbalanced vibration force is obtained by unbalance response analysis. It is important to improve the assembly’s structural integrity in order to minimize operational failure.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men with urethritis attending an urban sexual health clinic
Authors: Khatib N , Bradbury C , Chalker V , Koh GCKW , Smit E , Wilson S , Watson J
Published: June 2014

We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in men with urethritis, attending an urban sexual health clinic, in order to inform screening and treatment policies. Men attending an urban sexual health clinic between June 2011 and January 2012 were evaluated. Urine samples were collected from men with urethritis and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and TV using transcription-mediated amplification and for MG and UU using polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-three samples were analysed. The prevalence of CT was 33.7% (28/83), GC was 16.8% (14/83), TV was 3.6% (3/83), MG was 12.0% (10/83) and UU was 4.8% (4/83). Fifteen men had recurrent urethritis. Of these, three were found to have had TV, five to have had MG and none to have had UU, at initial presentation. Given the prevalence of MG in this study, there is an urgent need for further larger studies looking at optimal treatment regimens and screening strategies in urethritis.
An integrated exploration of thermal and water management dynamics on the performance of a stand-alone 5-kW Ballard fuel-cell system for its scale-up design
Authors: Karthik M , Vijayachitra S
Published: June 2014

A semi-empirical dynamic model with a generalized modeling framework is presented in this paper for the optimal design of a proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell system in order to bring out the importance of thermal and water management dynamics. Numerous electrochemical models exist in the literature presently predict the static and dynamic behavior at a specified operated conditions. However, those models have not considered the influence of both thermal and water management dynamics on the cell polarization and performance behavior. Hence an integrated exploration is done to illustrate the combined effect of operating temperature and membrane hydration over the steady state and dynamic behavior of the fuel-cell stack system. Benchmark data obtained from a stand-alone 5-kW Ballard fuel-cell power system using Nafion 117 membrane are taken to validate the predicted results over a wide range of operating conditions. The influence of stack-operating temperature over the membrane dynamics is investigated, and a similar trend is followed to analyze the temperature dynamics for the effect of dehydrated membrane. Thereby, the optimal operating condition of the stack is determined in terms of thermal and water management dynamics that facilitate the scale-up design of a fuel-cell stack system.
‘Greece will decide the future of Europe’: The recontextualisation of the Greek national elections in a British broadsheet newspaper
Authors: Lampropoulou Sofia
Published: June 2014

This article explores the representation of the Greek national elections in a British broadsheet newspaper and their recontextualisation through the prism of crisis. I focus on speech representation as a recontextualisation device that serves as a bridge between speech production and text consumption. Specifically, the paper addresses the discursive framing of the crisis by focusing on the ‘speakers’, namely the social actors who are represented as speaking, the actions in which they are involved and the power role relationships established between them. I argue that a polarised image of crisis is constructed and that the framing of the Greek elections in this particular broadsheet results in double-voicing that positions Greece as either dependent on or independent of Europe. This double-voicing seems to contribute to the maintenance of domination and social control and helps sustain dominant discourses circulating in the broader socio-cultural context.
Mechanisms of resveratrol-induced changes in cytosolic free calcium ion concentrations and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells
Authors: Chang H-J , Chou C-T , Chang H-T , Liang W-Z , Hung T-Y , Li Y-D , Fang Y-C , Kuo C-C , Kuo D-H , Shieh P , Jan C-R
Published: June 2014

Resveratrol is a natural compound that affects cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and viability in different cells. This study examined the effect of resveratrol on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was used to measure [Ca2+]i, and water-soluble tetrazolium-1 was used to measure viability. Resveratrol evoked concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. The response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. Resveratrol also caused manganese-induced fura-2 fluorescence quench. Resveratrol-evoked Ca2+ entry was inhibited by nifedipine and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X but was not altered by econazole, SKF96365, and the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di- tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished resveratrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rise. Conversely, treatment with resveratrol inhibited BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished resveratrol-evoked [Ca2+]i rise. At 20–100 μM, resveratrol decreased cell viability, which was not affected by chelating cytosolic Ca2+with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining data suggest that resveratrol at 20–40 μM induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, in OC2 cells, resveratrol induced [Ca2+]i rise by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and by causing Ca2+ entry via nifedipine-sensitive, PKC-regulated mechanisms. Resveratrol also caused Ca2+-independent apoptosis.
In vivo radioadaptive response
Authors: Nenoi M , Wang B , Vares G
Published: June 2014

Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes phenomena where small conditioning doses of ionizing radiation (IR) reduce detrimental effects of subsequent higher IR doses. Current radiation protection regulations do not include RAR because of the large variability in expression among individuals and uncertainties of the mechanism. However, RAR should be regarded as an indispensable factor for estimation and control of individual IR sensitivity. In this article, RAR studies relevant to individual cancer risk are reviewed. Using various stains of mice, carcinogenic RAR has been demonstrated. Consistently much in vivo evidence for RAR with end points of DNA and chromosome damage is reported. Most in vivo RAR studies revealed efficient induction of RAR by chronic or repeated low-dose priming irradiation. Chronic IR-induced RAR was observed also in human individuals after environmental, occupational, and nuclear accident radiation exposure. These observations may be associated with an intrinsically distinct feature of in vivo experimental systems that mainly consist of nonproliferating mature cells. Alternatively, induction of RAR by gap junction-mediated bystander effects suggests that multicellular systems comprising densely communicating cells may be capable of responding to long-lasting low-dose-rate priming irradiation. Regulation by endocrine factors is also a plausible mechanism for RAR at an individual level. Emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoids, known as stress hormones, participate in in vivo RAR induction following long-term low-dose-rate exposure to IR.
Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and cell division delays by clomiphene citrate in human lymphocytes
Authors: Yilmaz S , Ünal F , Yüzbaşioğlu D , Gönenç İM
Published: June 2014

Objective:

Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is used for the treatment of in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, intrauterine insemination, and so on. In this study, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell cycle delays were analyzed to investigate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy women.

Methods:

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from two donors were used to detect genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CC. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 µg/ml) of CC. A negative (distilled water) and a positive control (mitomycin-C = 0.20 µg/ml) were also used simultaneously with test substance-treated cultures. SCEs and cell division delays were measured from 25 cells and 100 cells perdonor, respectively.

Results:

CC significantly increased the mean SCE value at all concentrations compared with the negative control. This increase was found to be dose dependent ( r = 0.83) and at the highest concentration, nearly two times higher increase was observed than the negative control. However, replication index was not affected by the CC treatment.

Conclusion:

The present study shows that CC is genotoxic for human lymphocytes in vitro. Further investigations, especially in vivo are now needed in different test organisms to clarify the genotoxic activity of CC, which should also help to better understand genotoxic mechanism of this ovulation-stimulating drug.
The extended context of career: Families negotiating education and career decisions
Authors: Patton Wendy , Doherty Catherine , Shield Paul
Published: June 2014

In families, decisions about parents’ and children’s education and career require an ongoing negotiation to reconcile the goals of all family members. This paper describes a project which investigates these decisions within families experiencing whole family relocation based on one adult’s work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional workers with school-aged children living in six Australian rural and remote communities. The interview sample included four doctors, 10 teachers, four nurses and nine police. This qualitative phase informed the development of an online survey of a larger sample ( n = 278) of the same professional groups, which constituted a second quantitative phase of the research. This paper reports on only one aspect of the survey, that is, the participants’ recording of two previous career location moves they had undertaken and the reasons for these. The data emphasise the family project evident in this decision-making process as the respondents deal with a large range of complex individual, family and broader systems’ influences in reconciling their own careers and their children’s educational opportunities.
The impact of disability status on education and work in Australia
Authors: Athanasou James
Published: June 2014

Around 2.2 million Australians aged 15–64 years have a reported disability. Of these, some 1.8 million have a specific limitation or a schooling or employment restriction. This is a sizable proportion that does not always feature in thinking about career choice. The purpose of this brief research report is to provide some background information on the role of disability on employment in Australia for career development practitioners.