bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Roughness and Compressive Strength of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with the Addition of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Titien Hary Agustantina  , Nabilla Eka Dyas Putri  , Risma Almufarrida Ihsani  , Intan Nirwana  , Priyawan Rachmadi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) is a hybrid ionomer cement by modifying glass ionomer cement (GIC) with resin. Restoration surface roughness is related to the accumulation of food debris on a restoration. The cement has a lower compressive strength than enamel and dentin. Efforts to reduce surface roughness and increase the compressive strength of RMGIC, by adding zinc oxide nanoparticles powder to RMGIC powder. Objective: This research aims to analyze RMGIC with the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles powder as much as 1%-5% of the total mixture of RMGIC and zinc oxide nanoparticles powder on surface roughness and compressive strength. Method: This study used five treatment groups, namely groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, each of which was given the addition of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the total mixture of RMGIC and zinc oxide nanoparticles powder, as well as group 1 (control) without the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles powder. Each group consisted of 4 replications with cylindrical samples (10 mm diameter and 2 mm height) for surface roughness test and 4 replications with cylindrical samples (4 mm diameter and 6 mm height) for compressive strength test. Surface roughness was tested using surface roughness measurement and compressive strength was tested using a universal testing machine. Results: The results of statistical analysis of surface roughness and compressive strength tests showed significant differences between sample groups. Conclusion: The addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles powder on RMGIC reduces surface roughness and increases compressive strength.
Comparative analysis of customer due diligence and compliance: Balancing efficiency with regulatory requirements in the banking sectors of the United States and Nigeria
Authors: Munachi Ijeoma Ononiwu  , Obianuju Clement Onwuzulike  , Kazeem Shitu
Published: September 2024

This study provides a comparative analysis of Customer Due Diligence (CDD) practices and regulatory compliance frameworks in the banking sectors of the United States and Nigeria. The aim was to examine how banks in these two distinct regulatory environments balance efficiency with the demands of stringent compliance requirements. The research methodology included a comprehensive review of existing literature, focusing on the intersection of regulatory frameworks, cultural and economic factors, and technological advancements in CDD processes. Key findings indicate that while U.S. banks benefit from advanced regulatory infrastructure and technological integration, Nigerian banks face significant challenges due to infrastructural deficits and regulatory inconsistencies. However, both sectors share common challenges in balancing rapid customer onboarding with thorough due diligence, particularly in a rapidly digitizing financial environment. The study concludes that harmonizing global CDD standards is essential but faces barriers due to disparities in regulatory practices, economic conditions, and cultural attitudes towards compliance. The recommendations emphasize the need for adopting risk-based approaches, leveraging digital identity verification technologies, and fostering international cooperation to create adaptable and scalable CDD frameworks. These findings underscore the importance of a tailored approach to CDD that considers local realities while aligning with global regulatory standards, ultimately enhancing both compliance and operational efficiency.
Oxidation of threonine by Corey’s reagent: A kinetic study
Authors: Munna Lal Meena
Published: September 2024

Oxidation of Threonine by pyridinium chlorochromate in DMF-water medium has been studied. The rate of reaction was found to be of first order dependence on [PCC], [Threonine] and [H+]. The Michaelis–Menten type kinetics is observed with respect to Threonine. The increase in the rate of oxidation with increase in acidity indicates the involvement of a protonated chromium (VI) species in the rate-determining step. The product of oxidation has been identified as an aldehyde. The rate of reaction decreased with increase in the polarity of medium indicates that there is involvement of an ion-dipole type of interaction in the rate-determining step.
Conjugated monoclonal antibodies and their role against cancer
Authors: David Fabián Alpízar-Miranda  , Celeste Núñez-Monge  , Zulema Vargas-Guido  , Rolando Vargas-Zúñiga  , Daniela Matarrita-Brenes  , German Madrigal-Redondo  , Juan José Mora-Román
Published: September 2024

Cancer involves the proliferation of abnormal cells at an accelerated rate, which can have metastatic and invasive qualities. This illness is a significant public health problem worldwide. Usual treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The drawback of these strategies is their adverse effects, which is why more specific options have been sought. Conjugated monoclonal antibodies have been manufactured to achieve this goal. Their structure comprises a monoclonal antibody, a cytotoxic agent or payload, and a linker, which holds the first two components together. Thanks to this technology, novel medications have yielded better results than traditional therapies. Through these findings, 11 drugs in this therapeutic category are being marketed worldwide. As a complement, significant advances in treating this pathology have led to continued research. In the short term, more conjugated monoclonal antibodies are expected to be approved by health authorities such as the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency.
Medicinal and economic potential of B. acutangula: A review
Authors: Harpreet Kaur  , Shashank Tiwari
Published: September 2024

B. acutangula is the species of Barringtonia from Bangladesh, India (Southern States), Sri Lanka up to Australia known by such names as freshwater mangrove and itchy tree. Herein, the present review attempts to synthesize and consolidate such information on B. acutangula with respect to its botanical description, ecological importance, phytochemical content, medicinal uses especially mentions in historical texts, wound-healing property as well economic potential of this species. It is known botanically for angular branches, elliptical leaves and white or pinkish flowers with an Odor of orange followed by spherical fruits. In ecological terms, it is critical to revegetate river banks, support biodiversity and help in salt environment adaptation of mangrove areas. Phytochemical investigation of different parts of the plant attributes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties to bioactive phytoconstituents as saponins, flavonoids & alkaloids. B. acutangula has a great importance in traditional medicine systems employed to cure pain, inflammation as well digestive disorders. Its seeds also provide an oil that is used in soap making and its wood for construction. This review opens up with B. acutangula, a plant of immense significance on multiple fronts and subsequently discusses untapped areas for future endeavours along with its sustainable exploitation opportunities.
Kemukjizatan Al-Qur’an Perspektif Muhammad Quraish Shihab
Authors: Basit Abdul , Sanah Siti
Published: September 2024

Al-Qur’an sebagai panduan hidup umat manusia selain kemukjizatan berupa keasliannya yang dijamin langsung oleh Allah Swt. Terdapat kemukjizatan lain utamanya menyangkut substansinya. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan pendekatan deskriptif kualittaif, dipaparkan bahwa kemukjizatan al-Qur’an perspektif Muhammad Quraish Shihab menyangkut hukum (menjelaskan hukum yang sifatnya pembebanan (taklifiy), melalui penerapan tentang larangan, manfaat, madarat, perintah, dan hukum-hukum yang lainnya yang kemudian menjadi hukum pokok dan cabang dalam ilmu fikih atau bahkan menjadi hukum moral sampai hukum ketatanegaraan), ilmu pengetahuan (menyangkut astronomi, geologi, pertanian dan lain sebagainya) dan Sejarah (kisah masa lampau yang terbukti dengan peninggalan-peninggalannya) atau berita gaib (kejadian masa mendatang yang perlahan sedikit demi sedikit dijumpai kebenarannya). Terdapat 2 kategori mukjizat yaitu mukjizat indrawi (hissiyyah) dan mukjizat rasional (‘aqliyyah). Adapun al-Qur’an sendiri yaitu termasuk mukjizat rasional (‘aqliyyah) yaitu mukjizat yang lebih banyak ditopang oleh kemampuan intelektual yang rasional. Selain keistimewaan padanya diyakini sebagai mukjizat yang kapanpun tidak akan ada yang mampu menandingi, al-Qur’an sebagai mukjizat Nabi Muhammad Saw. atas umatnya juga dapat dilihat dari segi keajaiban ilmiah yang rasional dan oleh karena itulah mukjizat al-Qur’an ini bisa abadi sampai hari kiamat dan atau kandungan kitab suci ini relevan sepanjang zaman, dan manfaatnya menembus ruang dan waktu.
General Anesthesia Induced by a Combination of Medetomidine/Vatinoxan with Ketamine and Buprenorphine-ER in C57BL/6J Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Tien Krystal , Franco Benjamin , Alamaw Eden D , Jampachairsi Katechan , Casey Kerriann , Huss Monika , Pacharinsak Cholawat
Published: September 2024

Medetomidine/vatinoxan (Zenalpha®) is a novel anesthetic combination used as a sedative and analgesic in dogs. Vatinoxan minimizes adverse cardiopulmonary effects associated with medetomidine administration while preserving sedation and analgesia. In this study, we evaluated the clinical safety and efficacy of 3 dosage combinations of Zenalpha with ketamine and buprenorphine extended release (ER) as compared with xylazine with ketamine and buprenorphine-ER for anesthesia of C57BL/6J mice. We hypothesized that anesthesia with 0.5 mg/kg of Zenalpha would more reliably provide a surgical anesthetic plane, lower mortality, and fewer adverse physiologic effects as compared with anesthesia with 8 mg/kg of xylazine. Ten-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice were randomly administered 1 of 4 anesthetic cocktails subcutaneously: ketamine (80 mg/kg) and buprenorphine-ER (0.5 mg/kg) with 1) xylazine (8 mg/kg; XKB); 2) Zenalpha (0.25 mg/kg; ZKB/0.25); 3) Zenalpha (0.5 mg/kg; ZKB/0.5); or 4) Zenalpha (1.0 mg/kg; ZKB/1.0). Following drug administration, we assessed the anesthesia induction time by measuring the time to loss of righting reflex and loss of paw withdrawal reflex (PWR). Upon reaching a loss of righting reflex, physiologic parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, indirect mean arterial blood pressure, body temperature, jaw tone, and skin color were monitored every 5 min. Thirty minutes after anesthetic drug administration (TA), atipamezole (1 mg/kg SC) was administered. Recovery time was determined through time until return of PWR, righting reflex, and ambulation. Mice were monitored for 3 d postanesthesia. Results included: 1) ZKB anesthesia caused loss of PWR in a dose-dependent manner; 2) physiologic parameters were similar between XKB and ZKB mice by TA in 100% O2; 3) ZKB groups took longer to recover and had a 20% to 30% mortality rate in the mid-to-high dosage groups. We conclude that anesthesia with 0.5 mg/kg of Zenalpha more reliably produced a surgical anesthetic plane but also led to decreased mean arterial pressure and increased mortality as compared with anesthesia with 8 mg/kg of xylazine. We recommend using Zenalpha (0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg) with 80 mg/kg ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg buprenorphine-ER to provide general anesthesia in C57BL/6 mice, along with supplemental 100% oxygen and atipamezole.
Reaktualisasi Hukum Islam dan Fikih Sosial: Analisis Pemikiran Munawir Sjadzali dan K.H. Sahal Mahfudz
Authors: Prihastama Fauzi , Ahmad Mukhsin
Published: September 2024

This study explains the Reactualization of Islamic Law and Social Jurisprudence, according the thoughts of Munawir Sjadzali and KH. Sahal Mahfudz. This study tries to present the thoughts of Indonesian Islamic legal figures in providing a new paradigm in understanding contemporary Islam and adaptable to the times and social developments of today's society. Therefore, this research is important to find out how these two figures think and their relevance to today's life which has developed both in terms of technology, culture and thought. This research aims to present the Islamic legal thinking of two reform figures, namely Munawir Sjadzali and KH. Sahal Mahfudz who provides a new style in the interpretation of Islamic law that is more adaptable to current developments, such as thinking about the Reactualization of Islamic Law and Social Jurisprudence in the context of the formation of Social Jurisprudence that is suitable for application today. This research is qualitative research with a library approach. The results of this research show that the thoughts of these two figures have contributed to understanding Islam which can follow and face the era of globalization and contemporary developments.
Антигликирующая эффективность: дополнительное действие ряда лекарственных препаратов (обзор)
Authors: Зайцева Елена Николаевна , Лебедев Петр Алексеевич , Савирова Татьяна Юрьевна , Масленникова Надежда Олеговна , Шарова Ольга Владимировна
Published: September 2024

Старение и болезни, связанные со старением, к которым относятся наиболее актуальные хронические неинфекционные заболевания (артериальная гипертензия, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет 2 типа), ассоциируются с накоплением конечных продуктов гликирования (КПГ, англ. advanced glycation end-products, AGEs) в различных органах и тканях. Гликированием (неферментативным гликозилированием) называется реакция взаимодействия восстанавливающих углеводов и свободных аминогрупп белков, липидов и нуклеиновых кислот живого организма. Она имеет множество негативных биологических эффектов, опосредованных нарушением конформации структурных белков, ферментов, нуклеиновых кислот на внутриклеточном уровне и на уровне внеклеточного матрикса. Последствия накопления КПГ мало обратимы в связи с длительным периодом их полураспада и медленной элиминацией, поэтому большое значение приобретают технологии, направленные на блокирование реакций, приводящих к образованию этих соединений. В настоящее время перед фармакологией стоит задача поиска молекул, перспективных в качестве лекарственных препаратов с антигликирующими свойствами. Необходимый этап в решении этой проблемы — идентификация среди препаратов, хорошо известных в клинической практике, лекарственных средств, препятствующих гликированию. В данном обзоре антигликирующие свойства таких препаратов (метформин, рамиприл, телмисартан и др.) обсуждаются как составная часть их плейотропности; представлена классификация препаратов по механизму антигликирующего эффекта.
Balance del contenido vaginal para detección de patologías asociadas en mujeres en edad fértil
Authors: Gómez Capará L. G. , Goicoechea P. N. , Leyes Pedrozo E. A. , Martemucci C. N.
Published: September 2024

La microbiota vaginal, compuesta principalmente por Lactobacillus spp., desempeña un papel crucial en la salud  genital femenina. La disrupción de este equilibrio puede llevar a diversas patologías, como vaginosis bacteriana (VB) y vaginitis microbiana inespecífica (VMI). Este trabajo  se llevó a cabo en colaboración con el Instituto de Formación Docente "José Manuel Estrada" y la Facultad de  Bioquímica de la UNNE, involucrando a estudiantes en la  recolección y análisis de muestras vaginales. El método  BACOVA permitió clasificar las muestras en cinco Estados  Vaginales Básicos (EVBs), proporcionando un diagnóstico  diferencial preciso de las disfunciones vaginales. De las 14  muestras analizadas, el 86% presentó algún grado de  disfunción vaginal, destacando la prevalencia de la  microbiota normal con reacción inflamatoria (EVB II).  Además, se identificaron casos de infección por levaduras,  predominando Candida albicans, y micoplasmas urogenitales, especialmente en estados avanzados de  disfunción vaginal. Los resultados subrayan la eficacia del  método BACOVA en la identificación temprana de  patologías vaginales, su aplicabilidad en contextos de  atención primaria y su potencial para optimizar la salud  ginecológica y reproductiva. Este proyecto no solo aportó  datos valiosos para la salud pública, sino que también fomentó la integración de la docencia con el trabajo  comunitario, reforzando la formación práctica y el  compromiso social de los estudiantes de Bioquímica.
PENGARUH ACTIVE FLUX SiO2 DAN MnO2 PADA PENGELASAN A-TIG UNTUK SAMBUNGAN DISSIMILAR METAL PADA KAPAL PERANG
Authors: Anggara Dika , RestuWidodo Eriek Wahyu , Nugroho Priyambodo NurAdi , Ruddianto Ruddianto , Wahidin Aang
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK
Salah satu kelemahan pengelasan TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) pada penyambungan dissimilar metal untuk penerapan pada sambungan las di kapal perang adalah hasil penetrasi yang dangkal dan harus ada penggunaan buttering weld. Pengembangan terus dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut hingga ditemukan metode A-TIG (Activated Tungsten Inert Gas) untuk meningkatkan kedalaman penetrasi. A-TIG merupakan salah satu pengelasan yang memanfaatkan oksida logam yang berbentuk pasta. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jenis active flux SiO2 dan MnO2 ditinjau dari kedalaman penetrasi dan strukturmikro dari sambungan las. Kedalaman penetrasi dengan Active flux SiO2 lebih dalam dibandingkan dengan MnO2. Pada daerah HAZ carbon steel terdapat sturktur mikro grain boundary ferrite, acicular ferrite, bainite, dan perlite. Sementara itu, pada bagian weld metal terdapat grain boundary ferrite, bainite, dan pearlite. HAZ stainless steel terjadi pertumbuhan dendrite ferrite yang melintasi weld metal.
AI Thinking: A framework for rethinking artificial intelligence in practice
Authors: Newman-Griffis Denis R
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence is transforming the way we work with information across disciplines and practical contexts. A growing range of disciplines are now involved in studying, developing, and assessing the use of AI in practice, but these disciplines often employ conflicting understandings of what AI is and what is involved in its use. New, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to bridge competing conceptualisations of AI in practice and help shape the future of AI use. I propose a novel conceptual framework called AI Thinking, which models key decisions and considerations involved in AI use across disciplinary perspectives. The AI Thinking model addresses five practice-based competencies involved in applying AI in context: motivating AI use in information processes, formulating AI methods, assessing available tools and technologies, selecting appropriate data, and situating AI in the sociotechnical contexts it is used in. A hypothetical case study is provided to illustrate the application of AI Thinking in practice. This article situates AI Thinking in broader cross-disciplinary discourses of AI, including its connections to ongoing discussions around AI literacy and AI-driven innovation. AI Thinking can help to bridge divides between academic disciplines and diverse contexts of AI use, and to reshape the future of AI in practice.
Perfectionism and Allied Health Professional Training: The Role Psychological Flexibility in Burnout and Depression
Authors: Fahroedin Darcy Kaelan , Morris Eric M. J.
Published: September 2024

There is a high prevalence of depression and burnout in allied health students, emphasising the need to understand predictors of these outcomes. An understanding of the poor mental health outcomes in allied health students could be extended by considering the effects of perfectionism, a transdiagnostic process that is a risk- and maintaining factor across psychopathology. However, perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process needs more exploration, particularly in how rigidity and inflexibility in pursuing high standards impact depression and burnout in allied health students. This study investigates how psychological inflexibility (rigid and narrowed ways of responding to internal experiences) may further clarify understandings of perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process. It was hypothesised that high psychological inflexibility – high experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion and low present moment awareness and committed action – would account for how maladaptive perfectionism is associated with depressive symptoms and burnout. A sample of 187 allied health students completed an online survey. Mediational analyses found that the perfectionism-depression and perfectionism-burnout relationships were mediated by psychological inflexibility; however, these relationships were explained by differing facets of psychological inflexibility. Experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion explained how maladaptive perfectionism led to depressive symptoms. In contrast, committed action and cognitive fusion explained how maladaptive perfectionism related to burnout. This study provides support for perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process understood through a psychological flexibility approach and indicates a need for a multidimensional approach to psychological inflexibility to further clarify relationships with psychopathology.
A Badiouian Look at Education: Event and its Potential Effect on Curriculum
Authors: Niati Masoud
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a novel framework for curriculum design, drawing upon the philosophy of Alain Badiou. The crux of this study lies in the significance of Badiouian events pertaining to science, politics, and art. These events possess the potential to disrupt the established order of knowledge, thereby fostering the emergence of innovative forms of schooling and curriculum policy formulation. Badiou’s truth procedures - science, art, politics, offer conceptual tools to faithful subjects, enabling them to innovate in curriculum design. Each fidelity procedure related to an event can yield diverse outcomes. As per Badiou’s assertion, the further the fidelity procedure is from the state, the more creative the outcome will be. A noteworthy point is the application of set theory axioms by Badiou in his magnum opus, ‘Being and Event.’ It is posited that set theory itself harbors the potential to generate conceptual tools for comprehending the intricacies of curriculum design and development. Finally, a pivotal question this study addresses is whether educators and philosophers of education can construct a new educational system from the existing one using Badiou’s philosophy.
Seven Things School Leaders Should Know About Implementation Science
Authors: Komesidou Rouzana
Published: September 2024

Implementation science aims to bridge the research-to-practice gap and promote the successful uptake of evidence-based practices in diverse settings, including schools. School leaders play a critical role in the adoption and successful implementation of evidence-based practices, and learning about implementation science can help them achieve these goals. This paper introduces implementation science to school leaders, by discussing seven things they should know: (1) implementation science improves the implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices; (2) there are four core concepts of implementation; (3) implementation science offers many frameworks to guide uptake of evidence-based practices in schools; (4) the school context matters in implementation science; (5) balancing fidelity and adaptation promotes successful implementation of evidence-based practices; (6) school leaders play a critical role in the implementation of evidence-based practices; and (7) trust is at the heart of implementation efforts.
Applying Deep Learning and Kmeans Algorithms for Automated Multiple-Choice Exam Scoring
Authors: Bach Ha Sy , Khanh Hoang Kim , Le Bach Viet , Nghiem The Phat
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the application of deep learning in automated scoring systems for multiple-choice exams has garnered significant attention. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to developing an automated scoring system that leverages the capabilities of deep learning models, particularly the YOLOv8 model and Kmeans algorithm, to accurately detect and score multiple-choice answer sheets. Our system processes scanned images of answer sheets through several key stages, including image preprocessing, template matching, and object detection using YOLOv8. We introduce a novel methodology to accurately identify student information and marked answers, utilizing the Kmeans algorithm for clustering detected answer bubbles. The dataset comprises both student information and answer sheets, and extensive preprocessing steps ensure uniformity and high-quality inputs for the model. The YOLOv8 model is employed to identify and locate the answer bubbles, achieving high accuracy and efficiency. Results demonstrate the system's capability to handle various answer sheet formats with minimal errors, significantly reducing the time and potential inaccuracies associated with manual grading. This research not only highlights the effectiveness of deep learning in educational contexts but also paves the way for future improvements and applications in automated scoring systems.
Where do “chemical imbalance” beliefs come from? Evaluating the impact of different sources
Authors: Schroder Hans , Tovey Jordyn , Forer Reni , Schultz William , Kneeland Elizabeth , Moser Jason
Published: September 2024

Although the etiology of depression is incredibly complex, the narrative that it is caused by a simple “chemical imbalance” persists in lay settings. We sought to understand where people are exposed to this explanation (i.e., the “source”), and the relative influence of each source. A total of 1,219 college students were asked where they had heard of the chemical imbalance explanation and how much they believed this to be true. Independent raters coded open-ended responses and we used self-report measures to capture chemical imbalance belief endorsement. The most common sources of exposure to this explanation were the classroom, the Internet/media, other people (e.g., friends), and healthcare providers. In a regression analysis, only learning about the chemical imbalance explanation from healthcare providers uniquely predicted the adoption of the chemical imbalance belief. The correlation held even after controlling for depression symptoms, a family history of depression, and having had a diagnosis or treatment of mental health disorder (all of which also uniquely predicted chemical imbalance belief endorsement). These results suggest that healthcare providers play an important role in the dissemination of the chemical imbalance message, which is an oversimplified, scientifically controversial, and potentially treatment-interfering narrative. Interventions directed at healthcare providers may help them engage with more accurate messages.
Curiosity and surprise differentially affect memory depending on age
Authors: Bunzeck Nico , Sobczak Alexandra , Steiger Tineke , Mieling Marthe
Published: September 2024

State and trait epistemic curiosity can promote various aspects of cognition and behavior. However, possible age-related changes, a link to surprise, and the impact on formal education remain understudied. In three behavioral experiments, with n=54 in experiment 1, n=81 in experiment 2, and n=196 in experiment 3, we could show that state but not trait epistemic curiosity drives long-term memory for relevant information in young and healthy older adults (experiment 1 and 2). This effect was further modulated by surprise in young but less in older adults, which is compatible with predictive coding theories and the notion of a quadratic effect of arousal on cognition that vanishes with age (experiment 2). Finally, in a mediation model, formal education could be predicted indirectly from trait epistemic curiosity via state epistemic curiosity (experiment 3). Our findings specify how state and trait curiosity promote learning and facilitate knowledge acquisition across the adult lifespan.
Parametric Study of Cam-less Engine Systems
Authors: Yemul Girish Subhash , Deo Tanay Atish , Singh Sehaj , Khan Mohammed Rayyan , R Vezhavendhan
Published: September 2024

This research paper focuses on designing a 2-Stroke engine that employs a cam-less mechanism for operation and performing its analysis considering various parameters like an analysis of stress (For finding the stress distribution), strain, and displacement, Steady State Thermal Analysis to determine the heat loss. The engine operation is computerized and controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) which regulates the opening and closing of the valve/port. Its mechanism is operated by electromechanical actuators, which control the flow of the inlet air-fuel mixture, and this operation is operated by the control unit, which increases the energy efficiency, and we do not require a separate throttle valve which will increase the efficiency of our system. These types of engines are also referred to as “Free Valve Engines.” In this paper, the simulations were conducted, showing that the Forced convection Air cooling method will be a better option for maintaining temperature stability.Gray Cast Iron Material was used in carrying out analysis on Dassault Systems Solidworks Software. Structural analysis also depicted that materials are safe and working under applied conditions. FMEA Form helped us detect system failures and solutions to make the system reliable and defect-free.
Disinterestedness in psychological and neuroscientific aesthetics
Authors: Skov Martin , Nadal Marcos
Published: September 2024

The concept of disinterestedness has played a pivotal role in the establishment of philosophical aesthetics. The idea that certain aesthetic object qualities can only be appreciated through the application of a special power of aesthetic appraisal was founded on the claim that such appraisals are without interest in the practical or adaptive use of the object. Similarly, the notion that the “satisfaction” that arises from this type of appraisal is a distinct form of pleasure was grounded on the claim that the function of aesthetic pleasure is to signal the delight of “mere” contemplation, not to promote the possession of the object. We trace how these philosophical ideas gave rise to the psychological and neuroscientific hypothesis that the human brain is endowed with a specialized set of processing routines that allow for the aesthetic evaluation of sensory objects, the result of which is the generation of a pleasure that is devoid of motivational stance. We then review evidence from experiments that have tested this hypothesis. Results from these studies show that tasks and stimuli that are thought to track aesthetic evaluation engage the same neural processes as other types of hedonic evaluation, indicating that they are not fundamentally different, and elicit pleasure states and motivational signals driving behavior that are equally shared with other types of hedonic evaluation, suggesting that there is nothing “disinterested” about aesthetic evaluations. We discuss the implications of these experimental findings.
Social context matters - Characterizing adolescent cooperation strategies when perceiving the other as a peer versus computer partner
Authors: Liu Wenda , Mark Isabella , Korn Christoph , Rosenblau Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Cooperation is a crucial prosocial skill that is refined during adolescence and relies on trust. A substantial body of literature has shown that adolescence is a time of significant development in social decision making. It is unclear how this development affects adolescent decisions to establish trust and sustain cooperation with peers versus artificial agents. Given the current technological advances, adolescents have been immersed in virtual interactions with human and artificial intelligent (AI) agents, so they may establish similar levels of trust and reciprocity with human and non-human agents. On the other hand, adolescence is a time of increasing interest in peer relationships and, consequently, establishing trust and reciprocity with peers may be a more important goal. The current study directly tests whether adolescents differ in their cooperation tendencies when interacting with, or believing that they interact with peers, versus knowingly interacting with artificial partners in economic exchange games. Adolescents (N= 67) were invited into the laboratory to play various rounds of the multi-round trust game. Some participants (N= 38) also played version of the game with a fixed strategy algorithm by themselves on a separate visit. 40 participants returned for a second visit in pairs. Pairs were matched for race, sex, age, and IQ and played the multi-round trust game with each other. On some consecutive games, they were told that they continued to play with a peer (i.e., social condition) but they were actually playing with an adaptive algorithm, while in the remaining games, they were correctly informed that they were playing with an adaptive computer algorithms (i.e., non-social condition).In line with our hypothesis, we found that both partner adaptivity and social context (believing that they interacted with a peer) influenced cooperation. In line with our expectation, adolescents sustained cooperation more when interacting with adaptive versus fixed partners. They were also more generous when playing with an adaptive partner, particularly in the social condition. We employed fixed economic strategies, reinforcement learning (RL) models, and a combination thereof to describe adolescents’ cooperation. Across games, direct reciprocation, i.e., the economic tit for tat strategy, best captured their cooperation behavior. In the social condition, however, adolescents reinitiated cooperation more often after previously defecting. The winning model was a more generous strategy that combined tit for tat with an RL confidence term that prescribed repairing trust and reinitiating cooperation. Overall, we show that that both partner adaptivity and social context support sustained cooperation in adolescence.
Retrospective duration judgments of naturalistic events depend on memories of event boundaries Authors
Authors: Yue Winny Wing Yin , Liu Jing , Yao Ziqing , Zhang Yuqi , Mu Zexuan , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: September 2024

Daily planning and goal-directed behavior rely on accurate judgments of the duration of past experience. Although retrospective duration judgments are often shorter than the actual time elapsed, how episodic memory changes may impact duration judgments remains unclear. Here, participants watched videos depicting daily events with clear boundaries segmenting each subevent. Participants then completed recall and duration judgment tasks both immediately and after 7 days. Results showed that the recall of the event structure, specifically the number of subevents, significantly influenced immediate and delayed duration judgments. In contrast, memories of gist and number of details had no major impact. However, subevent duration judgments differ, with immediate judgments linked to gist and detail richness, while delayed judgments tend to average out. Together, these results provide new knowledge on the relationship between retrospective duration judgments and memories of naturalistic events, and how such relationship changes over time for different event structures.
Using Data-Driven Approach to Test the Link Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Skills During Aging
Authors: Hancock Lucy , Ossmy Ori
Published: September 2024

Planning and physical reasoning are critical skills for the proper function of older adults, whether they need to follow a well-trodden path or navigate a new environment. Researchers interested in the aging of planning and reasoning have observed older adults’ difficulties developing novel planning strategies compared to younger participants. Despite the importance of planning and physical reasoning in older adults’ daily life, little is known about how they are associated with different types of physical activity (PA), which was shown to have positive effects during aging. Here, we tested 50 older adults (60 to 88 years) and 50 young adults (20 to 39 years) in a novel version of the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire, followed by two tasks that measure participants’ planning and physical reasoning skills. We used a data-driven approach by applying unsupervised machine learning on the questionnaire data to identify forms of PA that are linked to better performance in the tasks. We found that participants who are engaged in more varied and mindful physical activities were more successful in planning and reasoning compared to other types of PA. Although the older adults performed worse than the young adults, we did not find differences in the link between the PA forms and task performance across the two age groups. Our findings underscore the potential for targeted PA to sustain cognitive health and function across the lifespan and specifically suggest that a higher level of mixed and mindful PA may support the aging of planning and physical-reasoning skills.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on the Performance of Nepalese Financial Institutions
Authors: Prem Bahadur Budhathoki  , Shiva Raj Ghimire  , Ashok Basnet
Published: September 2024

The macroeconomic variables—interest rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and economic growth—can influence the performance of financial institutions. Hence, this study examines the impact of macroeconomic variables on the performance of Nepalese financial institutions. The study employed descriptive, correlation, and causal-comparative research designs. The dataset of 10 commercial banks covering 2013/14 to 2022/23 is used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression models are used to investigate the influence of predictor variables on response variables. The study's findings revealed that the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate has an insignificant negative impact on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. Similarly, inflation, interest, and unemployment rates negatively and statistically significantly impact banks' performance. To develop a sustainable financial system, policymakers can use these findings to reduce interest, inflation, and unemployment rates.
Customer satisfaction and perceived service quality in Nepal’s banking sector
Authors: Chhetri Ashmita Dahal
Published: September 2024

This study examines the variables influencing client satisfaction in the Chitwan of commercial banking in Nepal. With the use of standardized questionnaires, a sample of 250 bank customers was surveyed. The findings demonstrated that banks are thought to provide accurate, timely services along with efficient record-keeping and problem-solving. Regarding the other hand, opinions regarding personnel availability and responsiveness vary. Convenience and accessibility are highlighted by high empathy scores, yet there is a noticeable perceptual difference. While most people agree on the importance of assurance in customer service, perspectives on staff professionalism and confidence differ. Though there is room for development in terms of clarity and multi-channel use, communication on service changes is successful. According to the study, there is a lesser correlation between empathy and customer satisfaction and high positive correlations with assurance, communication, trustworthiness, responsiveness, and reliability. Regression research shows that tangibility has a favorable impact on customer satisfaction, and that reliability, empathy, assurance, communication, tangibility, and credibility have a substantial impact as well. The results highlight how better client retention tactics are required to raise consumer happiness and loyalty.
Market Risk and Cross-section of Expected Stock Returns
Authors: Poudel Shiva Raj
Published: September 2024

The major objective of the study is to examine the impact of market risk on cross-section of expected stock returns from Nepali capital market. In doing so, stock beta is considered as the proxy of market risk. The research design adopted in this study consists of descriptive and casual comparative research design to ascertain and understand the directions, magnitudes, and forms of observed relationship between the dependent and independent variables by using the data set of 576 observations for the period of 2010/11 to 2021/22 from the 48 sample firms. Furthermore, this study has applied different statistical as well as econometrics tools such as portfolio analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that market risk has the significant positive impact on cross-section of common stock returns in Nepali capital market.
Analisa Tingkat Penjualan Makanan Dan Minuman Dengan Klasterisasi Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means
Authors: Ana Era Serly , Anwar Syaiful , Fuad Mohammad Haddiel
Published: September 2024

Restoran Sumoboo merupakan salah satu restoran yang berfokus pada makanan dan minuman. Dalam mengelola bisnis restoran, penting untuk memahami pola penjualan dan mengoptimalkan stok bahan baku. Permasalahan umun yang terjadi pada Restoran Sumoboo saat ini adalah masih sulitnya menentukan item menu mana yang sering dicari atau dipesan oleh pelanggan. Sehingga, sering terjadinya penumpukan menu-menu yang kurang diminati dan habisnya makanan dan minuman yang sering dicari pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar dengan memanfaatkan algoritma K-Means yang dilakukan dengan perhitungan manual dan menggunakan tools RapidMiner, menu-menu dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan tingkat penjualannya. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan ini mendaptkan 3 cluster yang terdiri dari cluster 1(C0) tingkat penjualan tinggi sebanhyak 34 menu, cluster 2(C1) tingkat penjuan sedang sebanyak 14 menu, dan cluster 3(C2) tingkat penjualan rendah sebanyak 25 menu. Sehingga hasil pengelompokkan ini memungkinkan restoran untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih akurat mengenai strategi penjualan.
Perbandingan SVM dan LSTM Untuk Memprediksi Gangguan Kecemasan (Anxiety Disorder) Berdasarkan Cuitan di Platform Aplikasi X (Twitter)
Authors: Nurochman Nurochman , Ashiilah Luthfia
Published: September 2024

Anxiety disorder adalah gangguan kecemasan yang menyerang kesehatan mental seseorang sehingga bisa mengganggu aktivitas. Pengaruh media sosial menjadi salah satu adanya pemicu gangguan kecemasan, dimana media sosial dijadikan objek untuk meluapkan perasaan yang dialami pengguna, contohnya Twitter atau aplikasi X. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memprediksi adanya anxiety disorder pada pengguna Twitter dilihat berdasarkan cuitan yang ada dengan menggunakan dua model, yaitu Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) sehingga bisa dibandingkan mana yang lebih baik diantara dua metode tersebut. Data yang digunakan merupakan data hasil dari crawling yang kemudian dilakukan beberapa pemrosesan sehingga bisa diolah sesuai dengan medel yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk memprediksi anxiety disorder menggunakan Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) lebih unggul daripada Support Vector Machine (SVM) dari 3 matriks perhitungan yang ada, yaitu precision, recall, dan f1-score dengan nilai 75%. Sedangkan, untuk metode Support Vector Machine (SVM) hanya unggul dalam perhitungan nilai akurasi, yaitu 81%.
An Analysis of Teacher Needs for Burnout Prevention and Recovery
Authors:   Educational Research Institute, Kim A-ram , In Hyoyeon
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the needs of elementary and secondary school teachers for preventing and recovering from burnout. A total of 412 elementary, middle, and high school teachers in Chungnam Province participated in an online survey. The Borich Needs Assessment Model and the Locus for Focus Model were employed to analyze the responses for elementary and secondary school teachers separately. The results indicated that “loss of teacher authority and infringement of teachers’ rights” and “students' negative attitudes in class” were identified as top priorities for burnout prevention and recovery among both groups of elementary and secondary school teachers. Additionally, “excessive administrative work,” “students' emotional difficulties,” “parental complaints or uncooperative attitudes,” and “teaching load” were recognized as high-priority areas, although their order of priority varied between school levels. Specifically, elementary school teachers ranked “students' emotional difficulties” as the third priority, while secondary school teachers ranked “excessive administrative work” as the third priority. Conversely, personal factors such as “lack of expertise in teaching (or work)” and “difficulty in regulating one's emotions” were identified as low-priority areas for addressing burnout in both groups of teachers. These findings have implications for developing strategies to support elementary and secondary teachers in preventing and recovering from burnout.
THE URGENCY OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AS THE PREVENTION OF LOST TO FOLLOW-UP (LTFU) STRATEGY ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) IN GARUT REGENCY, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Deswanti Arini Dwi , Sutisna Nono , Hakim Moch Zaenal
Published: September 2024

The social support received by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) plays a very important role in increasing their self-confidence and meaning of life and enabling them to continue their lives. The purpose of this study is to describe the social support received by PLWHA in Garut Regency as a strategy that can be used to prevent lost of follow-up antiretroviral therapy for PLWHA. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The informant selection technique in this study used purposive sampling, with the number of informants obtained reaching as many as 10 people. Data collection in this study was obtained from in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The location of this research was Garut Regency. The study results indicate that LTFU is a big challenge for PLWHA. First, the side effects that are caused by PLWHA make PLWHA feel uncomfortable. PLWHA prefer to stop taking medication because they are unable to overcome the side effects of ARV therapy. Second, the stigma and discrimination attached to PLWHA also make them lazy to continue their treatment because they are embarrassed and do not want to get stigma and discrimination, which makes PLWHA choose to stop their treatment. Social support, especially from family members, played a major role in PLWHA's being able to consistently undergo ARV therapy. The family member who knows about PLWHA's condition helps remind PLWHA to always take medication and check their health condition routinely at the hospital. In addition, social support from NGOs also plays an important role in helping PLWHA get access to affordable or free health services. Social support from buddies at NGOs who are also HIV-positive turned out to be very helpful for PLWHA in accepting their condition as HIV-positive people. It can be concluded that social support strengthens PLWHA to be able to continue their lives with more confidence, meaning, and stronger personalities in the middle of a society that still gives stigma and discrimination to PLWHA.
Una aproximación pedagógica a la interpretación pianística a través del estudio de rollos para piano reproductor: Preservación del patrimonio cultural Revitalización de prácticas históricas del siglo XIX
Authors: Estrada Bascuñana Carolina
Published: September 2024

Introducción: El estudio se centra en la interpretación pianística a través del análisis de rollos para piano reproductor, con el objetivo de preservar el patrimonio cultural y revitalizar prácticas históricas del siglo XIX. Metodología: Se emplea un enfoque cualitativo multidimensional que combina métodos tradicionales y tecnológicos para analizar grabaciones históricas y aplicar los hallazgos a la enseñanza actual. Resultados: Se documentan matices interpretativos que se habían desvanecido con el tiempo, proporcionando una comprensión más profunda de las técnicas y estilos históricos. Discusión: Se analizan las dificultades inherentes y los beneficios significativos asociados con el uso de estos mecanismos y tecnologías para el estudio de fuentes históricas en la investigación pianística. Conclusiones: El estudio de los rollos de piano reproductor no solo preserva el patrimonio cultural, sino que también enriquece la interpretación pianística actual permitiendo a los músicos actuales aprender y recuperar técnicas históricas.