bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNCOVERING THE AGGREGATION PATTERN OF GPS TRAJECTORY BASED ON SPATIOTEMPORAL CLUSTERING AND 3D VISUALIZATION
Authors: Liu C. K. , Qin K. , Chen K. , Ma R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Constrained by road network structure, travel choice and city function zoning, GPS trajectory data exhibits significant spatiotemporal correlation. Unveiling the clustering and distribution patterns of GPS trajectory can help to better understand the travel behaviour as well as the corresponding spatial and temporal characteristics. This paper proposes an approach to identify and visualize the aggregation pattern from GPS trajectory data. Firstly, slow feature trajectory sequences are extracted from raw taxi trajectory data. Together with taxi states information, these sequences are processed as shorter length tracks for faster discovery of cluster similarity. Thereafter, the temporal and spatial similarity and dissimilarity metrics between the trajectories are established, and the temporal and spatial distances between the trajectories are defined to form a space-time cylinder model. Next, based on the idea of density clustering, the DBSCAN spatiotemporal expansion of trajectory data is proposed. Feature trajectory sequences are then clustered into groups with high similarity. Finally, for a more intuitive understanding of the trajectory aggregate distribution, time dimension info of each point in the sequences is used as Z axis, thus the sequences are stretched on the map in different colour for 3D visualization. The proposed method is validated by a case study of taxi trajectory data analysis in Wuhan City, China.
SEGNET-BASED EXTRACTION OF WETLAND VEGETATION INFORMATION FROM UAV IMAGES
Authors: Tang T. Y. , Fu B. L. , Lou P. Q. , Bi L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study takes Guangxi Huixian National Wetland Park as the research area, and uses the UAV image and ground measured tag data as the data source. The SegNet model is used to extract the wetland vegetation information in the study area, further verification multiple classification SegNet model and fusion multiple SegNet model of single/double classification precision of the two ways of extracting karst wetland vegetation information. The experimental results show that the Kappa coefficient of the multi-segmented SegNet model is 0.68, while the multi-class SegNet model has a classification effect of 0.59. The classification effect of the karst wetland vegetation information extracted by multiple single/double-class SegNet models is more than the multi-classification. The SegNet model has high precision.
REAL-TIME ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS METHOD AND SYSTEM OF SECURITY HIDDEN DANGER INFORMATION IN INTELLIGENT SCENIC SPOTS UNDER THE ENVIRONMENT OF INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Li B. S. , Xie Y. H.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aiming at the problem that the existing methods of collecting and processing information of potential location safety hazards in scenic spots can not identify and analyze real-time potential hazards quickly and accurately, a real-time method and system of collecting and analyzing information of potential location safety hazards for tourists in intelligent scenic spots under the environment of Internet of Things is proposed.The set of method and system includes: collecting geographical coordinate information of potential safety hazards threatening visitor through the handheld terminal, and connecting the collected data and the spatial analysis request to the GIS spatial analysis server through the Web server in real time, so as to realize the buffer analysis considering the gradient; based on the knowledge base of secure locations in scenic spots and internet of things equipment, such as rainfall-sensor and water depth sensors, the radius of hidden danger buffer and parameter information of warning level are calculated in real time, and the knowledge formed in the analysis process is saved. By comparing and analyzing the historical information of Location Safety Knowledge Base, the temporal and spatial variation rules of newly added hidden danger features are discovered to determine the optimal value of hidden danger parameters. Then, through the geographic information system network service software, the new hidden danger buffer element layer is sent to the handheld terminal in real time, so as to avoid the impact of unsafe tourist caused by the untimely updating of hidden danger information in scenic spots, and improve the efficiency of safe production in scenic spots.
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF SRTM3 DEM AND ASTER GDEM V2
Authors: Shen J. , Han W. L. , Zhang L. B. , Ge J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Global Geographic Information Resources Construction and Maintenance Renewal Project is in urgent need of digital elevation model worldwide. At present, the errors of ASTER GDEMv2 and SRTM3 DEM data widely used are unevenly distributed. In this paper, high-precision and high-resolution WorldDEM data are taken as true values, and flat areas in Turkey and alpine region in Nepal are selected respectively as two test areas A and B. The vertical accuracy of ASTER GDEMv2 and SRTM3 DEM data is verified and compared by using DEM elevation difference numerical analysis, spatial differentiation analysis, slope spectrum curve and other methods. The results show that the two digital elevation models in flat terrain conform to the nominal accuracy, and the vertical accuracy of SRTM3 DEM has an advantage, while the vertical accuracy of ASTER GDEMv2 in high elevation area with large terrain fluctuation is obviously higher than that of SRTM3 DEM , and the area of SRTM3 DEM data accuracy exceeding nominal accuracy is larger. On this basis, the applicability of the two kinds of DEM is analyzed. It is concluded that SRTM3 DEM data with better accuracy should be selected in low altitude plain areas, ASTER GDEM data with higher resolution should be given priority in hilly areas with complex terrain and high mountain areas with severe topographic fluctuations, and ASTER GDEM data can be used to supplement the uncovered areas of SRTM3 DEM。In addition, in areas with high vegetation coverage, the accuracy of the two data is greatly affected, which can be supplemented by ICESAT/GLAS and ICESAT2/GLAS data with strong vegetation penetration ability. The results can provide scientific basis and data support for global space information projects.
Sensemaking Corporate Social Responsibility, Reflexive Organisational Change and Moral Transpose, the Case of Volkswagen ‘Diesel Dupe’ Crisis
Authors: Teck Tan Seng , Ayadurai Selvamalar , Chua William , Liang Tan Peng , Sorooshian Shahryar
Published: February 2020

The world has witnessed corporate scandals of monstrosity magnitude. The Enron Scandal, the Nike Sweatshop scandal and the recent Johnson and Johnson baby talc in 2018 are some dishonors that reshaped the business world and reinvigorated the importance of business ethics. Indeed, supranational and national movements such as the Global Reporting Initiatives have responded to these scandals by imposing stricter corporate reporting to instill greater transparency and corporate responsibility. Ironically, despite unwavering efforts, corporations are still blatantly flouting regulations. The Volkswagen “diesel dupe” crisis is a stark reminder of the inherent weakness of current regulations. Despite Volkswagen’s staunch adherence to those stringent reporting guidelines, they breached ethics to the core, creating a tsunami of vehicle recalls, massive social, political and legal repercussions. Volkswagen’s cheat device is a ‘creative destruction’ that challenged the fundamental usefulness of corporate reporting. Corporate social responsibility has evolved tremendously, now taking the form of positivistic reporting patterns. Corporations are measured by their ecological, social and economic performance where they flamboyantly table those data and information to garner stakeholders’ support and legitimacy. However, a pragmatic approach towards corporate social responsibility is self-defeating. It erodes and dilutes a corporation’s ability to make sense, communicate and adapt to their externalities. Instead, corporations boast of their corporate prowess and triple bottom line. Using Volkswagen as a subject, this paper exposes the inherent weaknesses of a positivistic corporate reporting approach to social responsibility. A positivistic approach such as this cannot engender a truthful, honest and open posture in business corporations. Instead, this paper exemplifies that a meaningful sensemaking corporate social responsibility instills reflexive organisation change and moral transpose within corporations. This paper underlines this reflexive organisational change and moral transpose in Volkswagen as they encounter the diesel crisis. This study is novel and greatly enhances previous literatures in corporate social responsibility by instilling an appropriate model to underline these momentous reflexive organisational changes and moral transformations in Volkswagen.
Herziening ten voordele van de gewezen verdachte als buitengewoon rechtsmiddel
Authors: Nan J.S. (Joost)
Published: February 2020

Herziening ten voordele van de gewezen verdachte als buitengewoon rechtsmiddel

Herziening ten voordele van de gewezen verdachte is een bijzonder rechtsmiddel in het gesloten stelsel van rechtsmiddelen. Onder meer op grond van een novum kan, bij hoge uitzondering, een onherroepelijke veroordeling alsnog ongedaan worden gemaakt. De regeling heeft in 2012 diverse wijzigingen ondergaan. Daarbij is het novumcriterium verruimd en is de mogelijkheid ingevoerd dat de procureur-generaal een nader onderzoek verricht naar het mogelijke bestaan van een novum. De Adviescommissie afgesloten strafzaken (ACAS) adviseert hem veelal over de wenselijkheid van dergelijk onderzoek. Het wettelijke novumcriterium en de taakopvatting van de ACAS zijn echter geen rustig bezit gebleken. Er wordt doorlopend voorgesteld om het novumcriterium verder te verruimen en om de ACAS breder naar afgesloten zaken te laten kijken. Het is de vraag of de wetgever aan die oproep gehoor moet geven.
De rechtspositie van de raadsman tijdens het politieverhoor
Authors: Verbaan J.H.J. (Joost) , Hollander L.E. (Laura)
Published: February 2020

De rechtspositie van de raadsman tijdens het politieverhoor

Dit artikel bespreekt de rechtspositie van de raadsman tijdens het politieverhoor. De advocaat heeft sinds de uitspraak in de zaak Salduz/Turkije het recht voorafgaand aan het politieverhoor aanwezig te zijn bij het verhoor. Het recht tot rechtsbijstand strekt zich ook uit tot aanwezigheid tijdens het verhoor. De invulling van dat rechtsbijstandsrecht tijdens het verhoor is geregeld in het Besluit inrichting en orde politieverhoor. De auteurs bespreken in dit artikel de houdbaarheid van die regeling. Uitspraken van het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens (EHRM) lijken te suggereren dat deze invulling te eng is.
Mensenhandel, uitbuiting en de Hoge Raad: een overzicht en waardering
Authors: Esser L.B. (Luuk)
Published: February 2020

Mensenhandel, uitbuiting en de Hoge Raad: een overzicht en waardering

De Hoge Raad drukt de laatste vier jaar een belangrijk stempel op de reikwijdte van de strafbaarstelling van mensenhandel, die is opgenomen in artikel 273f Sr. Zo heeft hij het wetsartikel in belangrijke mate afgebakend door in een deel van de delictsomschrijvingen het bestanddeel ‘uitbuiting’ in te lezen. Wat zijn de implicaties van de door de Hoge Raad gekozen oplossingsrichting en hoe kunnen de door hem gemaakte keuzes worden gewaardeerd?
Noodweer bij eenvoudige mishandeling: vrijspraak of OVAR?
Authors: Quak P.C. (Perry)
Published: February 2020

Noodweer bij eenvoudige mishandeling: vrijspraak of OVAR?

Deze bijdrage bespreekt de vraag tot welke einduitspraak de strafrechter, bij een geslaagd beroep op noodweer bij ‘eenvoudige mishandeling’, moet komen volgens het schema van artikel 352 Sv. Moet dat zijn: vrijspraak van het ten laste gelegde feit (art. 352, lid 1 Sv) of ontslag van alle rechtsvervolging (art. 352, lid 2 Sv)?
De uitzondering bevestigd: het ne bis in idem-beginsel in recente rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad in het licht van de ratio van het ne bis in idem-beginsel en vanuit Europees perspectief
Authors: Albers W. (Willemijn) , de Groot T.M. (Tessa)
Published: February 2020

De uitzondering bevestigd: het ne bis in idem-beginsel in recente rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad in het licht van de ratio van het ne bis in idem-beginsel en vanuit Europees perspectief

Deze bijdrage bespreekt recente rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad inzake het ne bis in idem-beginsel na het Alcoholslotprogramma-arrest. Hieruit blijkt dat dat een vergelijking met dit arrest niet opgaat en dat het arrest een uitzonderingspositie in blijft nemen. Ook wordt de rechtspraak beschouwd en gewaardeerd in het licht van de ratio van het ne bis in idem-beginsel en vanuit Europees perspectief. Geconcludeerd wordt dat de nadruk, zowel in nationale als in Europese context, (steeds meer) lijkt te liggen op evenredige bestraffing bij cumulatie van procedures, zodat recht wordt gedaan aan de materiële grondslag van het ne bis in idem-beginsel.
Assessment of body composition measure of bioelectrical impedance in patients operated for pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Dzierżek Przemysław , Kurnol Krzysztof , Hap Wojciech , Frejlich Ewelina , Diakun Agata , Karwowski Adrian , Kotulski Krzysztof , Rudno-Rudzińska Julia
Published: February 2020

Introduction
An adequate level of nutrition is important in the period of reconvalescence in patients undergoing major surgery, in particular due to neoplastic disease.
Bioelectrical impedance (BIA - Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) is a widely used technique for assessing body composition. BIA measurement is easy, fast, cheap and repeatable.
Material and methods
The body composition of 56 patients (25 women and 31 men) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysys. All patients was hospitalized and operated in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wrocław Clinical University Hospital in 2017-2018.
Results
The average weight loss on the 4th postoperative day is 1.32%, and at discharge from hospital 4.23% of body weight in relation to body weight at admission to the ward. The percentage of fat tissue (FM-Fatt Mass) in patients admitted to the ward is above the normal range. The change in body weight composition in hospitalized patients is mainly related to the amount of adipose tissue and the amount of extra- and intracellular water (ECW-Extracellular Water, ICW-Intracellular Water).
Conclusions
Bioelectrical impedance can be an easy and effective method to assess body composition and its change in patients undergoing major surgery.
Patients operated on due to pancreatic cancer lose the highest percentage of body weight until discharge from the ward in relation to body weight at the time of admission to the ward from the analyzed groups. Weight loss mainly occurs as fat loss (FM).
Why do Polish medical students resign from pursuing surgical careers? A survey study
Authors: Skorus Urszula , Karpińska Izabela , Kominko Anna , Romaniszyn Michał
Published: February 2020

Background: In recent years the interest of Polish medical students in choosing a career in surgical subspecialties has been declining. In the face of growing demand for surgical procedures it seems essential to find the reasons responsible for that situation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of interest in pursuing surgical careers among Polish medical students and to identify factors that may influence their decision.
Material and methods: The anonymous questionnaire was distributed electronically among students from 11 different Polish medical universities.
Results: We surveyed 595 individuals (190 male and 405 female). 48% of them declared the interest in choosing surgical subspecialty as a career. The percentage of students who considered it before medical school was higher and reached almost 65%. Slight or no interest in surgery as a field of study (OR=20.6), self-assessment of surgical predispositions as unsatisfactory (OR=14.3), feeling unable to enter and accomplish surgical specialty (OR=5.2), being discouraged by partner (OR=3.4), negative past experience with surgical environment (OR=3.2), not having a surgeon as a mentor (OR=2.6), no authorship of journal articles or congress presentations (OR=1.9) and first contact with operating theatre >2nd year of study (OR=1.9) were found to be the independent risk factors of giving up on surgical career.
Conclusions: Most medical students are interested in pursuing surgical specialty at some time during their education. However, being discouraged by lifestyle issues, surgical training quality or experiencing gender discrimination they often resign from such career path.
The effectiveness of cognitive training on improving cognitive function and sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly in Iran
Authors: Keramtinejad Maryam , Azadi Arman , Taghinejad Hamid , Khorshidi Ali
Published: February 2020

Background and aim Given the ever-increasing of the older adults population and in order to achieve healthy and active ageing goals and improvement in the cognitive function and sleep quality in older adult, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive training program on improving cognitive function and ageing-related sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly in Iran, in 2018.

Methods This was an experimental study. The sample comprised 420 older adults who were a member of the comprehensive health center in one of the southern cities of Iran. 164 had a cognitive problem and sleep disorder, of whom 108 were selected by the available method and based on inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n=54) and a control group (n=54). Experimental group samples were undergoing the intervention for two months. Data were collected using MMSE questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality, insomnia severity index and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Data were collected one month before-and-after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results There was no significant difference between the mean score of cognitive function and sleep quality in both the intervention group and the control group before the intervention (p>0.05). At the post-test, the mean (SD) of elderly adults’ cognitive function in the intervention and control groups were 2.7 (1.3) and 3.44 (1.7), respectively (p=0.017). Moreover, the mean (SD) of sleep quality in older adults in the intervention and the control group was 6.76 (2.3) and 9.25 (2.36), respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusion Given the obtained results in the current study the cognitive training promotes cognitive function and sleep quality in older adults. Therefore, since this program is effective, low-cost and applicable, it can be used to improve cognitive function and sleep disorder in the older adult population.
Increase in the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in elderly people
Authors: Ernst Glenda , Mariani Javier , Blanco Magali , Finn Barbara , Salvado Alejandro , Borsini Eduardo
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases with age. However, older adults have limited perception of the symptoms related with poor sleep quality.

Objectives To know the frequency and characteristics of age-related OSA in a large population with clinical suspicion of sleep apnea.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study. OSA was studied by respiratory polygraphy (RP). Patients were grouped by age (G): GI was between 18-45; GII: 46-65 and GIII > 65 years old. Other demographic characteristics, symptoms and RP indicators were compared. Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) was used to analyze symptoms.

Results We included 2491 patients with sleep apnea symptoms. OSA frequency (AHI > 15) in each group was 33.2 % in GI; 45.8 in GII and 50.3 in GIII (p < 0.001). Despite the significant increase in OSA severity, GIII group reported fewer symptoms (ESS: 6.0; p < 0.001). Multivariate adjusted analysis showed that the odds ratio of having OSA is three times as high at age > 65 (OR: 3.32 (2.29 - 4.88) p < 0.001).

Conclusions As in previous reports, OSA prevalence in our population was higher among the elderly. The early identification of this syndrome in a population with poor perception of symptoms would aid to improve patient management.
La aplicación de la doctrina de la pérdida de oportunidad y el daño moral como concepto indemnizable
Authors: Latorre Luna Leticia
Published: February 2020

El Alto Tribunal se pronuncia respecto a la responsabilidad patrimonial por defectuosa conducta asistencial y acerca de los límites de aplicación de la doctrina de la pérdida de oportunidad cuando concurre la existencia de de infracción de la “lex artis” reconocida por la propia sentencia de instancia, recordando que la teoría de la pérdida de oportunidad se configurara como una cierta pérdida de una alternativa de tratamiento, pérdida que se asemeja en cierto modo al daño moral y que es el concepto indemnizable.
Social dimensions to the public transport system in Kyiv
Authors: Dronova Olena
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on distinctive features of accessibility, passenger flow and sustainability as regards public transport in Kyiv, Ukraine. In investigating the impacts of a transport system on city-dwellers a key concept is accessibility. The analysis included here identifies clear patterns to the individual factors that influence commuting time. Since the city’s system of public transport is underdeveloped, the main underlying factor is the presence of metro lines. An analysis of the metro passenger-traffic system confirms the persistent presence of territorial disparities in the city’s transport network. Furthermore, levels of safety, environmental friendliness and comfort experienced gain reflection in a low level of consumer confidence in the city’s transport system, as well as its limited sustainability. Priority measures by which the current situation might be improved are therefore discussed.
Investigation and Implementation of Compressed Air Powered Motorbike Engine
Authors: Nabil Tamer
Published: February 2020

Fossil fuels amount became very limited due to their terrific use. Also, the fossil fuels dependence has brought many environmental complications. Vehicles using compressed air as a fuel are considered like a dream and have involved many considerations. The compressed air engine (CAE) is receiving worldwide attention because it takes advantages of renewable energy and has zero exhaust emissions. The motorbike engine has emission percentage greater than any fuel operated engines. Currently in Egypt, there are more than 3 million motorcycles (motorbikes and covered three wheeled motorbikes called tuktuk) driven by fossil fuel. This paper provides an overview of air power engine for motorcycle, called air bikes. The objective is to modify the four stroke petrol engine into two stroke compressed air engine by replacing the spark plug by solenoid valve and using the Infra-Red (IR) modules for the piston timing. Due to availability, the used air compressor is piston type with maximum 8bar and 100 L capacity. Prototype of air powered motorbike engine is implemented by modification of 150 cm3 Dayun commercial petrol engine. The modified compressed air engine speed is 300 rpm at 8bar air pressure with 7.8 Nm torque and 245 watt power. The efficiency of the compressed air engine reached 9.6%. Yet, due to utilization of low compressed air pressure, the performance of the investigated CAE is so poor that it clearly has minor impact in motive power and hinders its commercialization.
Enhanced On–Off Ratio Photodetectors Based on Lead‐Free Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal Thin Films
Authors: Li Wen‐Guang , Wang Xu‐Dong , Liao Jin‐Feng , Jiang Yong , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: February 2020

Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite single crystal thin film (SCTF) recently has attracted enormous interest in the field of optoelectronic devices, since it efficiently resolves the trade‐off between thickness and carrier diffusion length. However, the toxicity of lead element and the instability induced by organic component still hinder its future developments. In this work, lead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Bi2I9 SCTF with a high orientation along (00h) has been in situ grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass via a space‐limited solvent evaporation crystallization method. The trap density of Cs3Bi2I9 SCTF (5.7 × 1012 cm−3) is 263 folds lower than that of the polycrystalline thin film (PCTF) counterpart, together with a 5‐order‐of‐magnitude higher carrier mobility. These superior charge transfer properties enable a photoresponse on–off ratio as high as 11 000, which far surpasses that of the PCTF device by 460 folds, comparable to the lead halide perovskite. Furthermore, the Cs3Bi2I9 SCTF photodetector exhibits outstanding stability even without any encapsulation, whose initial performance is well maintained after aging 1000 h in humid air of 50% RH or continuous on–off light illumination for 20 h. This work will pave the way to produce new families of high‐performance, stable, and nontoxic perovskite SCTF for future optoelectronic applications.
Recent Advances in Nanotheranostics for Treat‐to‐Target of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wang Shasha , Lv Jing , Meng Shanshan , Tang Jianxin , Nie Liming
Published: February 2020

Early diagnosis, standardized treatment, and regular monitoring are the clinical treatment principle of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The overarching principles and recommendations of treat‐to‐target (T2T) in RA advocate remission as the optimum aim, especially for patients with very early disease who are initiating therapy with anti‐RA medications. However, traditional anti‐RA drugs cannot selectively target the inflammatory areas and may cause serious side effects due to its short biological half‐life and poor bioavailability. These limitations have significantly driven the research and application of nanomaterial‐based drugs in theranostics of RA. Nanomedicines have appropriate sizes and easily modified surfaces which can enhance their biological compatibility and prolong circulation time of drug‐loading systems in vivo. Traditional T2T regimens cannot evaluate the efficacy of drugs in real time, while clinical drug nanosizing can realize the integration of diagnosis and treatment of RA. This review bridges clinically proposed T2T concepts and nanomedicine in an integrated system for RA early‐stage diagnosis and treatment. The most advanced progress in various nanodrug delivery systems for theranostics of RA is summarized, establishing a clear path and a new perspective for further optimization of T2T. Finally, the key facing challenges are discussed and prospects are addressed.
Exciplex‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Hu Yun , Yu You‐Jun , Yuan Yi , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: February 2020

Near‐infrared exciplex can weaken molecular design difficulties, and has the advantage of easy bathochromic‐shift spectra via selecting the suitable electron donors and acceptors. In this contribution, exciplex is applied to fabricate near‐infrared (NIR) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating a synthesized fluorescent material 3‐([1,1″:3′,1″‐terphenyl]‐5′‐yl)acenaphtho[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐8,9‐dicarbonitrile (APDC‐tPh) and a commercially available material 4,4′,4″‐tris(carbazol‐9‐yl)triphenylamine (TCTA). The device having a mixed TCTA:APDC‐tPh as an emitting layer shows a 730 nm NIR emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 0.1%, while the device having 2‐[4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]‐10,10‐dioxide‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (TXO‐TPA):APDC‐tPh as the emitting layer exhibits an emission peak of 704 nm with a maximum EQE of 1.27%. These results prove the feasibility of fabricating the efficient exciplex‐based NIR OLEDs.
Countersolvent Electrolytes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Piao Nan , Ji Xiao , Xu Hong , Fan Xiulin , Chen Long , Liu Sufu , Garaga Mounesha N. , Greenbaum Steven G. , Wang Li , Wang Chunsheng , He Xiangming
Published: February 2020

Development of electrolytes that simultaneously have high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and lithium dendrite suppression ability is urgently required for high‐energy lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an electrolyte is designed by adding a countersolvent into LiFSI/DMC (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide/dimethyl carbonate) electrolytes, forming countersolvent electrolytes, in which the countersolvent is immiscible with the salt but miscible with the carbonate solvents. The solvation structure and unique properties of the countersolvent electrolyte are investigated by combining electroanalytical technology with a Molecular Dynamics simulation. Introducing the countersolvent alters the coordination shell of Li+ cations and enhances the interaction between Li+ cations and FSI− anions, which leads to the formation of a LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase, arising from the preferential reduction of FSI− anions. Notably, the countersolvent electrolyte suppresses Li dendrites and enables stable cycling performance of a Li||NCM622 battery at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V at both 25 and 60 °C. This study provides an avenue to understand and design electrolytes for high‐energy LMBs in the future.
Evaluation of sesame genotypes for agronomic traits and stress indices grown under different irrigation treatments
Authors: Gholamhoseini Majid
Published: February 2020

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is among the oldest cultivated oilseed crops and is regarded as the “queen of oil seeds” because of its oil quality. Since sesame is cultivated in harsh environments, its seed yield is greatly affected by adverse conditions, such as drought. Therefore, we undertook a 2‐yr experiment to understand the effects of deficit irrigation on yield, yield components, oil percentage, water use efficiency, and stress indices of six sesame genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, located in the semi‐arid region of Iran, during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Deficit irrigation was induced by irrigating after 80% available water depletion, and irrigating after 40% available water depletion was considered to be normal irrigation. Among the genotypes, Oltan and USA‐ns‐96 produced the maximum seed and oil yield. Stress indices analysis revealed that the Sudan‐94 genotype was the most tolerant to deficit irrigation, and the Dashtestan‐2 genotype was the most sensitive. In addition, the Sudan‐94, USA‐ns‐96, and Oltan genotypes showed the highest yield stability index and relative stress index. Regarding drought tolerance, the Sudan‐94 genotype performed the best with minimum reduction in seed yield and other agronomic traits. Overall, these results suggest that the Sudan‐94 genotype is the most drought‐tolerant genotype with the maximum yield stability. Moreover, this study highlights the possibility of using Sudan‐94 genotype in future breeding programs.
Synthesis and structural studies of 16‐ferrocenemethyl‐estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene‐3,17β‐diol and its interaction with human serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico docking approaches
Authors: Carmona‐Negrón José A. , Liboy‐Lugo José M. , Santana Alberto , Meléndez Enrique
Published: February 2020

16‐Ferrocenylmethyl‐estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene‐3,17β‐diol crystallizes in a triclinic unit cell and P1 space group. It contains four crystallographic independent molecules in the unit, representing four different conformers of the ferrocene–hormone conjugate. It provides evidence of a low rotational barrier around C19–C20 and the existence of alpha and beta conformers. The four conformers are interconnected by hydrogen bonds through hydroxyl groups of rings A and D. Density functional theory studies show the rotational barrier energy to be 4.96 Kcal/mol and the preferred conformer has a dihedral angle φ2 (defined as C16–C19–C20–C21) of 85.79°. This angle represents the conformer with the lowest steric strains. Docking studies between the subject compound and human serum albumin (HSA) showed that the most likely binding pocket of HSA is drug‐binding site 2. Quenching fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study HSA–ferrocene conjugate interaction and results showed that the complex formation was static and dominated by van der Waals and electrostatic/hydrogen bonding interactions.
Umgang mit Informationssicherheit bei digital unterstützten Bauprojekten
Authors: Wittenborn Arne , Čadež Ivan , Schumann René
Published: February 2020

Digitalisierte Prozesse werden in der Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft ein immer bedeutenderer Wirtschaftsfaktor und sind eng mit der Building‐Information‐Modeling‐Methode (BIM‐Methode) verbunden. Obwohl die Anwendung der BIM‐Methode einen Schritt hin zur effizienteren Zusammenarbeit in Bauprojekten darstellt, gehen gleichzeitig auch einige Risiken damit einher. Exemplarisch ist der Diebstahl von sensiblen digitalen Informationen von Bauprojekten Ende des Jahres 2018 in Frankreich zu nennen. Die entwendeten Informationen können auf vielfältige Weise missbraucht werden.

Aufgrund fehlender Erfahrung mit der Thematik sind die Beteiligten meistens mit Sicherheitsrisiken, die aus der Digitalisierung von Projektinformationen und der daraus resultierenden Datenmenge hervorgehen, nicht vertraut. Verstärkt wird dieses Problem durch eine noch in der Entwicklung befindliche Normung bzw. Standardisierung.

In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst die Ausgangssituation und die Problemstellung in Bezug auf die Informationssicherheit in Bauprojekten dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend werden die wesentlichen Risiken in Bezug auf die Informationen eines Bauprojekts auf Grundlage der digitalisierten Prozesse bei der Anwendung der BIM‐Methode identifiziert.

In einem zweiten Beitrag werden beispielhafte Maßnahmen vorgestellt, wie die identifizierten Risiken behandelt bzw. verringert werden könnten.
Photoluminescence emission from nanostructured porous preparations of CdS–ZnTiO3assembled nanoparticles
Authors: Campos‐González E. , Gonzalez de la Cruz G. , Rodriguez‐Fragoso P. , Bravo‐García Y.E. , Castanedo‐Pérez R. , Torres‐Delgado G. , Zelaya‐Angel O.
Published: February 2020

This study reports the structural and optical properties of CdS/ZnTiO3nanocomposites prepared using a chemical bath and different titanate concentrations. Commercial ZnTiO3nanoparticles were introduced into a chemical bath that had been used to produce CdS semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs). Here, the growing CdS crystallites precipitated onto the suspended zinc titanate NPs. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that samples of CdS/ZnTiO3nanopowders were made of cubic ZnTiO3and hexagonal CdS wurtzite. The morphology of the particles was studied using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. These images demonstrated the different characteristics of the CdS/ZnTiO3nanocomposites and their dependence on titanate concentration when placed into the CdS‐growing solution. Photoluminescence spectra showed three main emission bands for the electron transitions in the CdS/ZnTiO3composite. This composite produced three photoluminescence bands, the intensities of which depended on composite shape, which in turn depended on the relative concentrations of CdS and ZnTiO3.
An Automatable Hydrogel Culture Platform for Evaluating Efficacy of Antibody‐Based Therapeutics in Overcoming Chemoresistance
Authors: Kletzmayr Anna , Clement Frey Flurina , Zimmermann Miriam , Eberli Daniel , Millan Christopher
Published: February 2020

The microenvironment plays a major role in conferring chemoresistance to cancer cells. In order to better inform clinical response to chemoresistance, preclinical models that recapitulate its hallmark features are needed to enable screening for resistance‐specific therapeutic targets. A novel platform for seeding cancer cells in 3D hydrogels is presented utilizing derivatives of chitosan and alginate that, critically, is amenable to high throughput screening: cell seeding in hydrogels, media changes, dosing of anticancer compounds, and cell viability assays are all automated using a standard and commercially available liquid handling robot. Culture in these hydrogels elicits resistance in ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer cells to treatment by doxorubicin and paclitaxel. In correlation, proteomics analysis of SKOV3 cells cultured in 3D reveals enrichment of proteins associated with extreme drug resistance including HMOX1 and ALDH2. Subsequently, therapeutic antibodies targeted to tumor‐associated antigens upregulated in 3D cultures are shown to have higher efficacy compared to 2D cultures. Collectively, this automated 3D cell culture platform provides a powerful tool with utility in identification of drugs that may overcome chemoresistance.
Pure and mixed gas permeation study of silica incorporated polyurethane‐urea membrane modified by MOCA chain extender
Authors: Babaei Shahryar , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi , Abedini Reza
Published: February 2020

Polyurethane‐urea (PUU) nanocomposite membranes have been prepared using various loadings of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. A Novel PU was fabricated by a two‐step bulk polymerization technique based on polycaprolactone (PCL), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and diamine chain extender, 4,4‐methylenebis(2‐chloroaniline) (MOCA). The FTIR spectra indicated that the extent of phase separation reduces with increasing SiO2 content. The presence of crystal regions in the soft and hard segments was confirmed by DSC and XRD analyses. The obtained results illustrated a decrement in the gases' permeation in the presence of SiO2 particles. By increasing the filler content up to 15 wt% and pressure of 8 bar, the gas permeation value of the CO2, O2, and N2 decreased 36%, 54%, and 59%, respectively. However, the permselectivity of the CO2/N2 and O2/N2 increased considerably, 55% and 13% respectively. On the contrary, by raising the temperature, a dramatic augmentation in the permeability of all gases with a simultaneous reduction in the selectivity values of both gas pairs was revealed. Increasing the pressure led to a decrease in the permeability values of all membranes for O2 and N2, whereas the permeability for CO2 increased with the pressure. Nevertheless, the selectivity values for the pair of gases increased (at a pressure of 10 bar, 1.66 and 1.17 times the neat PU for CO2/N2 and O2/N2, respectively). Furthermore, the permeability of the CO2, O2, and N2 for the mixed gases was smaller than for pure ones at the same gas upstream pressure. Nonetheless, like the pure gas, the selectivity of both pair gases increased.
Retracted: Corporate social responsibility, work meaningfulness, and employee engagement: The joint moderating effects of incremental moral belief and moral identity centrality
Authors: Afsar Bilal , Al‐Ghazali Basheer , Umrani Waheed
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the mediating role of work meaningfulness on the relationship between employees' perception about organization's corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and their engagement. Moreover, the joint moderating effects of incremental moral belief and moral identity centrality were also tested. Utilizing survey‐based data, this study analyzed the responses of 622 employees working in various industries. Results showed that incremental morality beliefs strengthened the effect of CSR perceptions on work meaningfulness, especially when moral identity centrality was weaker. Specifically, CSR perceptions had the strongest positive effect on work meaningfulness among employees with stronger incremental morality beliefs and weaker moral identity centrality. Another interesting finding of this study was that incremental morality beliefs strengthened the effect of CSR perception on employee engagement via work meaningfulness, especially when moral identity centrality was lower. This study found that CSR perceptions had the strongest positive effect on employee engagement via work meaningfulness among employees with stronger incremental morality beliefs and weaker moral identity centrality. The findings confirmed that incremental morality beliefs and moral identity centrality jointly moderated these relationships.
Foraging niche shift maintains breeding parameters of a colonial waterbird during range expansion
Authors: Francesiaz Charlotte , Yohannes Elizabeth , Besnard Aurélien , Sadoul Nicolas , Blanchon Thomas , Béchet Arnaud
Published: February 2020

Relating the effects of foraging niche variation to reproductive dynamics is critical to understand species response to environmental change. We examined foraging niche variations of the slender‐billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei), a nomadic colonial waterbird species during its range expansion along the French Mediterranean coast over a 16‐year period (1998–2013). We investigated whether range expansion was associated with a change in chick diet, breeding success, and chicks body condition. We also examined whether breeding success and chicks body condition were explained by diet and colonial characteristics (number of pairs, laying phenology, habitat, and locality). Diet was characterized using dual‐stable isotopic proxies (δ13C and δ15N) of feather keratin from 331 individuals subsampled from a total of 4,154 chicks ringed and measured at 18 different colonies. δ13C decreased and δ15N increased significantly during range expansion suggesting that chicks were fed from preys of increasing trophic level found in the less salty habitat colonized by the end of the study period. Niche shift occurred without significant change of niche width which did not vary among periods, habitats, or localities either. Breeding success and chick body condition showed no consistent trends over years. Breeding success tended to increase with decreasing δ13C at the colony level while there was no relationship between stable isotope signatures and chick body condition. Overall, our results suggest that even if range expansion is associated with foraging niche shift toward the colonization of less salty and more brackish habitats, the shift had marginal effect on the breeding parameters of the Slender‐billed gull. Niche width appears as an asset of this species, which likely explains its ability to rapidly colonize new locations.
Annihilating the Formation of Silicon Carbide: Molten Salt Electrolysis of Carbon–Silica Composite to Prepare the Carbon–Silicon Hybrid for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Zhou Xianbo , Xie Hongwei , He Xiao , Zhao Zhuqing , Ma Qiang , Cai Muya , Yin Huayi
Published: February 2020

Silicon (Si) and carbon (C) composites hold the promise for replacing the commercial graphite anode, thus increasing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To mitigate the formation of SiC, this paper reports a molten salt electrolysis approach to prepare C‐Si composite by the electrolysis of C‐SiO2 composites. Unlike the conventional way of making a C coating on Si, C‐SiO2 composites were prepared by pyrolyzing the low‐cost sucrose and silica. The electrochemical deoxidation of the C‐SiO2 composites not only produces nanostructured Si inside the C matrix but also introduces voids between the C and Si owing to the volume shrinkage from converting SiO2 to Si. More importantly, the use of Mg ion‐containing molten salts precludes the generation of SiC, and the electrolytic Si@C composite anode delivers a capacity of about 1500 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. Further, the Si@C|| LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 full cell delivers a high energy density of 608 Wh kg−1. Overall, the molten salt approach provides a one‐step electrochemical way to convert oxides@C to metals@C functional materials.
Supplemental one‐carbon metabolism related B vitamins and lung cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Brasky Theodore M. , Ray Roberta M. , Navarro Sandi L. , Schenk Jeannette M. , Newton Alison M. , Neuhouser Marian L.
Published: February 2020

We and others have reported associations between B vitamins principally involved in one‐carbon metabolism and increased lung cancer risk; however, results for women have been inconsistent. Here we report on the association of supplemental vitamins B6, folic acid and B12 intake and lung cancer risk using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study of postmenopausal women. Between 1993 and 1998, 161,808 women were recruited to participate in the WHI at 40 clinical centers in the US. After exclusions, 159,232 women were available for analysis and followed prospectively for an average of 18.3 years. Among them, 3,836 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. At baseline, supplemental B vitamins from multivitamins, vitamin mixtures and individual supplements were assessed. Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between supplemental B vitamin intake and lung cancer risk. Relative to no intake, women who took ≥50 mg/day of vitamin B6 had 16% (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99) reduced lung cancer risk. Associations did not differ significantly by smoking status or lung cancer histology. Intakes of folic acid and vitamin B12 were not associated with risk. There is a need for replication of our findings from other large, prospective studies with similar high‐quality measurement of supplement intakes before any recommendations can be made at present on B6 supplementation for lung cancer prevention in women.
Exploring the relationship between umbilical blood cord donation and the impact of social distance on altruism and trust
Authors: Panasiti Maria Serena , Violani Cristiano , Grano Caterina
Published: February 2020

Allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) donation is a pro‐social behaviour directed to strangers that has a certain cost for the donor. Although the promotion of such behaviour is an important goal for many countries' health systems, little is known about the reasons that would lead to it. With this study, we explored how the impact of social closeness on altruism and trust could be related to UCB donation in a sample of new‐mothers (N = 167). Participants played hypothetical Dictator and Trust games with socially close (e.g., parents) or distant (e.g., strangers) others. They donated more money to parents and siblings compared to cousins, friends and strangers and they trusted more parents, siblings and friends than cousins and strangers. Interestingly, the lower the impact of social closeness on altruism (i.e., generosity towards socially distant others), the higher the intention and the actual probability of UCB donation. A mediation analysis has shown that the relationship between social closeness on altruism and UCB donation was mediated by objective intention to donate (i.e., having followed all the procedures needed). These findings show that other‐oriented motivations towards distant others might have important practical implications in identifying the targets of interventions for the promotion of UCB donation.