bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Nitride Ferroic Memory with Large ON/OFF Ratios for Analog In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Wang Ding , Wang Ping , Mondal Shubham , Hu Mingtao , Wu Yuanpeng , Ma Tao , Mi Zetian
Published: March 2023

Computing in the analog regime using nonlinear ferroelectric resistive memory arrays can potentially alleviate the energy constraints and complexity/footprint challenges imposed by digital von Neumann systems. Yet the current ferroelectric resistive memories suffer from either low ON/OFF ratios/imprint or limited compatibility with mainstream semiconductors. Here, for the first time, ferroelectric and analog resistive switching in an epitaxial nitride heterojunction comprising ultrathin (≈5 nm) nitride ferroelectrics, i.e., ScAlN, with potentiality to bridge the gap between performance and compatibility is demonstrated. High ON/OFF ratios (up to 105), high uniformity, good retention, (<20% variation after > 105 s) and cycling endurance (>104) are simultaneously demonstrated in a metal/oxide/nitride ferroelectric junction. It is further demonstrated that the memristor can provide programmability to enable multistate operation and linear analogue computing as well as image processing with high accuracy. Neural network simulations based on the weight update characteristics of the nitride memory yielded an image recognition accuracy of 92.9% (baseline 96.2%) on the images from Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology. The non‐volatile multi‐level programmability and analog computing capability provide first‐hand and landmark evidence for constructing advanced memory/computing architectures based on emerging nitride ferroelectrics, and promote homo and hybrid integrated functional edge devices beyond silicon.
Biomimetic Gradient Bouligand Structure Enhances Impact Resistance of Ceramic‐Polymer Composites
Authors: Wen Shao‐Meng , Chen Si‐Ming , Gao Weitao , Zheng Zhijun , Bao Jia‐Zheng , Cui Chen , Liu Shuai , Gao Huai‐Ling , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: March 2023

Biological materials relied on multiple synergistic structural design elements typically exhibit excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Hierarchical incorporation of different biostructural elements into a single artificial material is a promising approach to enhance mechanical properties, but remains challenging. Herein, a biomimetic structural design strategy is proposed by coupling gradient structure with twisted plywood Bouligand structure, attempting to improve the impact resistance of ceramic‐polymer composites. Via robocasting and sintering, kaolin ceramic filaments reinforced by coaxially aligned alumina nanoplatelets are arranged into Bouligand structure with a gradual transition in filament spacing along the thickness direction. After the following polymer infiltration, biomimetic ceramic‐polymer composites with a gradient Bouligand (GB) structure are eventually fabricated. Experimental investigations reveal that the incorporation of gradient structure into Bouligand structure improves both the peak force and total energy absorption of the obtained ceramic‐polymer composites. Computational modeling further suggests the substantial improvement in impact resistance by adopting GB structure, and clarifies the underlying deformation behavior of the biomimetic GB structured composites under impact. This biomimetic design strategy may provide valuable insights for developing lightweight and impact‐resistant structural materials in the future.
Thermally Enhanced and Long Lifetime Red TADF Carbon Dots via Multi‐Confinement and Phosphorescence Assisted Energy Transfer
Authors: Lou Qing , Chen Niu , Zhu Jinyang , Liu Kaikai , Li Chao , Zhu Yongsheng , Xu Wen , Chen Xu , Song Zhijiang , Liang Changhao , Shan Chong‐Xin , Hu Junhua
Published: March 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, which can harvest both singlet and triplet excitons for high‐efficiency emission, have attracted widespread concern for their enormous applications. Nevertheless, luminescence thermal quenching severely limits the efficiency and operating stability in TADF materials and devices at high temperature. Herein, a surface engineering strategy is adopted to obtain unique carbon dots (CDs)‐based thermally enhanced TADF materials with ≈250% enhancement from 273 to 343 K via incorporating seed CDs into ionic crystal network. The rigid crystal network can simultaneously boost reverse intersystem crossing process via enhancing spin‐orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states and suppressing non‐radiative transition rate, contributing to the thermally enhanced TADF character. Benefiting from efficient energy transfer from triplet states of phosphorescence center to singlet states of CDs, TADF emission at ≈600 nm in CDs displays a long lifetime up to 109.6 ms, outperforming other red organic TADF materials. Thanks to variable decay rates of the delayed emission centers, time and temperature‐dependent delayed emission color has been first realized in CDs‐based delayed emission materials. The CDs with thermally enhanced and time‐/temperature‐dependent emission in one material system can offer new opportunities in information protection and processing.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Nguyen Ha L.
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric water harvesting using reticular materials is an innovation that has the potential to change the world. Using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for capturing water holds great promise because COFs are metal‐free, stable under working conditions, and their structure can be intentionally designed to meet the requirements for this application. To promote the chemistry and use of COFs for atmospheric water harvesting, important features for synthesizing suitable water‐harvesting COFs are discussed. The achievements of using COFs as water harvesters are then highlighted, showing how the water harvesting properties are related to the structural design. Finally, perspectives and research directions for further studies in COF chemistry are provided.
Photo‐Stimuli‐Responsive Dual‐Emitting Luminescence of a Spiropyran‐Encapsulating Metal–Organic Framework for Dynamic Information Encryption
Authors: Zheng He‐Qi , Yang Yu , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Deren , Qian Guodong , Cui Yuanjing
Published: March 2023

The development of photo‐stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials is essential to address emerging demands in encryption security. Here, a novel photo‐stimuli‐responsive dual‐emitting luminescent material ZJU‐128⊃SP (SP = spiropyran) is reported, which is obtained by encapsulating spiropyran molecules into a cadmium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF), [Cd3(TCPP)2]·4DMF·4H2O (ZJU‐128, H4TCPP = 2,3,5,6‐tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl)pyrazine). This MOF/dye composite ZJU‐128⊃SP exhibits a blue emission from the ligand of ZJU‐128 at 447 nm and a red emission around 650 nm from spiropyran. Utilizing the photoisomerization of spiropyran from ring‐closed to ring‐open form under UV‐light irradiation, significant fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process between ZJU‐128 and spiropyran is achieved. As a result, the blue emission of ZJU‐128 is gradually decreased while the red emission of spiropyran increases. This dynamic fluorescent behavior can fully recover to the original state following exposure to visible light (>405 nm). By taking advantage of the time‐dependent fluorescence, dynamical anti‐counterfeiting patterns and multiplexed coding are successfully developed based on ZJU‐128⊃SP film. This work provides an inspiring point for the design of information encryption materials with higher security requirements.
Emerging Iontronic Neural Devices for Neuromorphic Sensory Computing
Authors: Dai Shilei , Liu Xu , Liu Youdi , Xu Yutong , Zhang Junyao , Wu Yue , Cheng Ping , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia
Published: March 2023

Living organisms have a very mysterious and powerful sensory computing system based on ion activity. Interestingly, studies on iontronic devices in the past few years have proposed a promising platform for simulating the sensing and computing functions of living organisms, because: 1) iontronic devices can generate, store, and transmit a variety of signals by adjusting the concentration and spatiotemporal distribution of ions, which analogs to how the brain performs intelligent functions by alternating ion flux and polarization; 2) through ionic‐electronic coupling, iontronic devices can bridge the biosystem with electronics and offer profound implications for soft electronics; 3) with the diversity of ions, iontronic devices can be designed to recognize specific ions or molecules by customizing the charge selectivity, and the ionic conductivity and capacitance can be adjusted to respond to external stimuli for a variety of sensing schemes, which can be more difficult for electron‐based devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of emerging neuromorphic sensory computing by iontronic devices, highlighting representative concepts of both low‐level and high‐level sensory computing and introducing important material and device breakthroughs. Moreover, iontronic devices as a means of neuromorphic sensing and computing are discussed regarding the pending challenges and future directions.
Advances in Metaphotonics Empowered Single Photon Emission
Authors: Kan Yinhui , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: March 2023

Spontaneous photon emission can be drastically modified by placing quantum emitters (QEs) in nanostructured environment, resulting in dramatically enhanced emission rates due to the Purcell effect along with generation of collimated single‐photon beams propagating in design directions and featuring well‐defined polarization states. Recent advances in single‐photon generation engineering demonstrate fascinating possibilities for the directional emission of photons with designed spin and orbital angular momenta, a development that is crucial for exploiting the full potential of QEs within quantum information technologies. Although many different nanostructured configurations are considered for hosting QEs to mold single‐photon beams, collimating of the latter requires relatively large interaction areas to be involved, thus making the use of metasurfaces preferential. Furthermore, optical metasurfaces consisting of planar arrays of resonant nanoscale elements offer complete control over optical fields and thereby design freedom in shaping single‐photon emission. Here, recent advances in exploiting quantum optical metasurfaces for achieving enhanced and directional emission of single photons with specified polarization properties are overviewed. Special attention is paid to hybrid plasmon–QE coupled metasurfaces based on efficient QE coupling to surface plasmon modes that are subsequently outcoupled by designed dielectric nanoarrays into free propagating photon emission. Perspectives for future developments of metasurface empowered QEs are also discussed.
Visualizing Circularly Polarized Long Afterglow for Information Security
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Li Guangen , Guo Qi , Wang Yaxin , Zhang Mingjiang , Zhou Yajie , Jin Shan , Zhu Manzhou , Zhuang Taotao
Published: March 2023

Creating security materials that carry distinct information with numerous optical characteristics enables enhanced anticounterfeiting levels to deter forgery ranging from currencies to pharmaceuticals. Circularly polarized long afterglow (CPLA) has attracted extensive attention in anticounterfeiting owing to its multiple and unusual optical properties (i.e., long afterglow and circular polarization), introducing intensity variation into the time dimension. However, constructing a visualized CPLA—meeting the requirements toward practical applications—is still a challenge. Here, a cementation‐coupling strategy is designed to combine chiral photonic membranes with phosphor films for building full‐colored CPLA architectures. The CPLA systems achieve desired performance with a largest afterglow dissymmetry value (gCPLA) of −0.67 and a longest visualization time (tvis) of 40 min simultaneously, satisfying practical demands for information security. As‐prepared CPLA materials are further patterned to work as optical labels in security fields. The resulting multidimensional variations in both time and intensity increase the complexity of information encryption, offering potentials for advanced security technologies.
Chemical Group Substitution Enables Highly Efficient Mn4+Luminescence in Heterovalent Systems
Authors: Ming Hong , Zhao Yifei , Zhou Yayun , Molokeev Maxim S. , Wang Yuanjing , Song Enhai , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: March 2023

Defects are a double‐edged sword for heterovalent metal‐ion doping phosphors. Along with the luminescence tunability of phosphors bestowed by defects, their expected luminescence efficiency would also be inevitably lowered due to the presence of these quenching sites. Herein, a chemical group substitution strategy is proposed, where inorganic polyhedrons act as the smallest chemical units during the structural evolution of the doping process. Such a method can not only effectively prevent the defect generation for charge compensation in heterovalent doping systems, but also facilitate the incorporation of activators into the matrix, leading to extremely high luminescence efficiency. The concept is first confirmed energetically favorable by first‐principles simulations. As a robust experimental proof, two newly reported Mn4+‐incorporated hexavalent organic‐inorganic hybrid oxyfluorides (TMA)2BO2F4:Mn4+(where TMA stands for tetramethylammonium, and B = W6+or Mo6+) present high quantum efficiency (up to 94.4%) and short lifetime (down to 2.26 ms) that are superior to the commercial red phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+(≈84.8%, ≈8.06 ms). Utilizing the differences in decay lifetimes and thermal quenching behaviors of (TMA)2BO2F4:Mn4+and K2SiF6:Mn4+, a time‐ and temperature‐resolved single‐color multiplexing mode with high‐safety and easy‐access is developed for information security. This work offers an effective strategy to manipulate defect generation in luminescent materials.
Experimental and First‐Principles Study of Visible Light Responsive Memristor Based on CuAlAgCr/TiO2/W Structure for Artificial Synapses with Visual Perception
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Yu Jinghao , Ye Pengfei , Gu Liang , Qin Haiming , Wang Ning , Li Hang , Wang Yu , Zhang Miaocheng , He Nan , Wan Xiang , Lian Xiaojuan , Hu Er‐Tao , Tong Yi , Wang Lei
Published: March 2023

The development of vision bionic systems is indispensable for the perception, memory, and processing of optical signals, which promotes the exploration of efficient visual perception systems. In this work, a simple and novel two‐terminal optoelectronic memristor based on the CuAlAgCr/TiO2/W (CTW) structure is prepared, where the CuAlAgCr high‐entropy alloys are employed as the top electrode for the first time. Before annealing, the CTW optoelectronic memristor exhibited fascinating performance, including uniformly distributed operating voltage, reliable data retention, and a higher switching ratio. Moreover, the optoelectronic memristor can be reversibly switched between volatile and nonvolatile memories by adjusting compliance currents. The CTW optoelectronic memristor annealed in air exhibits various artificial synaptic functions, such as short‐term memory, optical learning, and forgetting behavior under the illumination of the laser. The photo‐response current is increased from nano‐ampere to micro‐ampere level. Furthermore, a logic function unit based on CTW optoelectronic memristor is proposed, which realizes “AND” operation. Furthermore, first‐principles calculations of the CTW structure are performed to describe the influence of photocarriers on the barrier height at the CuAlAgCr‐TiO2 interface, revealing the working mechanism of the CTW optoelectronic memristor. This work has greatly facilitated the development of optically operated artificial synaptic devices and vision bionic systems.
Lithiated Copper Polyphthalocyanine with Extended π‐Conjugation Induces LiF‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase toward Long‐Life Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Haonan , Cheng Hang , Li Dinggen , Li Faqiang , Wei Ying , Huang Kai , Jiang Bowen , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui
Published: March 2023

The composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial to stably operate solid‐state batteries based on lithium‐metal anodes. In this work, the redox state of the PVDF‐b‐PTFE (PVT) solid polymer electrolyte is regulated by introducing fully conjugated copper polyphthalocyanine metal (CuPcLi), improving the electron transfer kinetics to accelerate the decomposition of fluorinated ingredients. As a result, an effective SEI with enriched lithium fluoride forms in situ at the Li/electrolyte interface, which enhances the Li‐ion transport kinetics and regulates the lithium deposition behavior, delivering ultra‐stable lithium plating/stripping performance over 2000 h in the Li//Li half‐cell. In addition, the chemisorption between Cu2+and O atoms from TFSI−restrains the movement of anions in the electrolyte, and the CuPcLi improves the lithium ion release, exhibiting a high lithium‐ion conductivity of 0.8 mS cm−1and a high lithium‐ion transference number of 0.74. As a result, the solid polymer electrolyte of PVT‐10CuPcLi paired with LiFePO4delivers fantastic cyclic performance with a capacity retention of 92% even after 1000 cycles at 1 C at room temperature. When paired with high‐voltage LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622) cathode, the cells can be operated at 1 C with superior capacity retention over 88% after 300 cycles.
Freestanding‐Mode Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator for Harvesting Sliding and Rotational Mechanical Energy
Authors: Dong Sicheng , Bu Tianzhao , Wang Zhaozheng , Feng Yuan , Liu Guoxu , Zeng Jianhua , Wang Zhihao , Cao Jie , Zhang Zhi , Liu Feng , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2023

A series of direct‐current tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) with high current density have been developed for energy harvesting and mechanical sensing recently, but the lead wires that need to be connected to two relatively moving parts have greatly restricted the application of TVNG. Herein, a freestanding‐mode TVNG (FTVNG) is proposed based on metal, p‐type silicon (p‐Si), and n‐type silicon (n‐Si). As the freestanding part of metal simultaneously rubs against p‐Si and n‐Si, opposite direct current (DC) outputs can be generated, thus forming a DC output from p‐Si to n‐Si in the external circuit. Resulting from the distinctive structure, FTVNGs are applicable for harvesting energy from moving objects without attached wires. Additionally, by using steel needles to precisely control the actual contact area, the electrical output characteristics and influence laws of the tribovoltaic effect under different working parameters such as area and speed are studied. Moreover, FTVNG is integrated into the traditional rolling bearing as a triboelectric bearing, realizing energy recovery from the rotational motion of mechanical parts and speed sensing, which demonstrates the great application potential of TVNG in basic components and parts.
Polymerized Thermally Activated Delayed‐Fluorescence Small Molecules: Long‐Axis Polymerization Leads to a Nearly Concentration‐Independent Luminescence
Authors: Li Xue , Yan Libing , Liu Shen , Wang Shumeng , Rao Jiancheng , Zhao Lei , Tian Hongkun , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang
Published: March 2023

Nowadays numerous thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymers have been developed for PLEDs to realize high device performance and tunable emission colors. However, they often possess a strong concentration dependence on their luminescence including aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Herein, we first report a nearly concentration‐independent TADF polymer based on the strategy of polymerized TADF small molecules. It is found that when a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type TADF small molecule is polymerized through its long‐axis direction, the triplet state is distributed along the polymeric backbone to effectively suppress the unwanted concentration quenching. Unlike the short‐axis one with an ACQ effect, the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of the resultant long‐axis polymer remains almost unchanged with the increasing doping concentration. Accordingly, a promising external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 20 % is successfully achieved in a whole doping control window of 5–100 wt. %.
C‐Bound or O‐Bound Surface: Which One Boosts Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis?
Authors: Liu Yingying , Tu Xiaojin , Wei Xiaoxiao , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Xiaoran , Chen Wei , Chen Chen , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2023

The electrocatalytic C−N coupling from carbon dioxide and nitrate under ambient conditions is kind of sustainable and promising alternative method for urea synthesis. To date, the influence of catalyst surface properties on molecular adsorption configuration and electrocatalytic urea synthesis activity is unclear. In this work, we proposed that the urea synthesis activity is closely linked with the localized surface charge on bimetallic electrocatalysts, it is found that a negatively charged surface induces C‐bound path and boosts urea synthesis. The urea yield rate can reach 13.1 mmol g−1 h−1 on negatively charged Cu97In3‐C, which is about 13 times that of positively charged Cu30In70‐C counterpart with O‐bound surface. This conclusion also applies to Cu−Bi and Cu−Sn systems. The molecular modification shifts the surface of Cu97In3‐C to positively charged state, which leads to a sharp decline in urea synthesis performance. We demonstrated that the C‐bound surface is more favorable than O‐bound one to boost electrocatalytic urea synthesis.
Development of polypyrrole/Ni(OH)2‐NiOcore‐shell nanocomposite as an optoelectronic device
Authors: Alruqi Mansoor , Rabia Mohamed , Elsayed Asmaa M. , Hanafi Hassan A. , Shaban Mohamed , Abdel Hamid Mostafa M.
Published: March 2023

Polypyrrole (Ppy) and Ppy/Ni(OH)2‐NiO nanocomposite are prepared through the in situ polymerization oxidation reaction (on glass), in which the composite is formed through the oxidation of NiSO4. The prepared materials were characterized to reveal their morphology, chemical structure, and optical properties. The Ppy and Ppy/Ni(OH)2‐NiO have average particle sizes of 160 and 250 nm, respectively. Moreover, the bandgap values are 1.70 and 1.44 eV, respectively. Through the composite, the polymer acts as a shell (40 nm), while the Ni(OH)2‐NiO is the core. Analysis of the Ppy illustrates that the crystalline nature of the polymer increases after the composite formation, in which the pure Ppy has no sharp peaks, while the characteristic two peaks are formed after the composite formation. Moreover, a hexagonal Ni(OH)2is confirmed inside the composite. The applications of the glass/Ppy and glass/Ppy/Ni(OH)2‐NiO are carried out as optoelectronic devices, in which the testing is carried out under light/dark and monochromatic wavelengths light, theJphvalues are 0.12 and 0.85 mA·cm−2, respectively. The photoresponsivity (R) for the composite optoelectronic is 12.5 mA·W−1while the detectivity (D) is 2.79*1011 Jones.
Pitfalls and potentials in simulation studies: Questionable research practices in comparative simulation studies allow for spurious claims of superiority of any method
Authors: Pawel Samuel , Kook Lucas , Reeve Kelly
Published: March 2023

Comparative simulation studies are workhorse tools for benchmarking statistical methods. As with other empirical studies, the success of simulation studies hinges on the quality of their design, execution, and reporting. If not conducted carefully and transparently, their conclusions may be misleading. In this paper, we discuss various questionable research practices, which may impact the validity of simulation studies, some of which cannot be detected or prevented by the current publication process in statistics journals. To illustrate our point, we invent a novel prediction method with no expected performance gain and benchmark it in a preregistered comparative simulation study. We show how easy it is to make the method appear superior over well‐established competitor methods if questionable research practices are employed. Finally, we provide concrete suggestions for researchers, reviewers, and other academic stakeholders for improving the methodological quality of comparative simulation studies, such as preregistering simulation protocols, incentivizing neutral simulation studies, and code and data sharing.
Cottonseed hydrolysate supplementation alters metabolic and proteomics responses in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures
Authors: Dhara Venkata Gayatri , Kumar Swetha , DeVine Lauren , Naik Harnish Mukesh , Cole Robert Norman , More Abbie J. , Lau Eduardo Catchon , Betenbaugh Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Hydrolysates are used as media supplements although their role is not well characterized. In this study, cottonseed hydrolysates, which contained peptides and galactose as supplemental substrates, were added to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) batch cultures, enhancing cell growth, immunoglobulin (IgG) titers, and productivities. Extracellular metabolomics coupled with tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics revealed metabolic and proteomic changes in cottonseed‐supplemented cultures. Shifts in production and consumption dynamics of glucose, glutamine, lactate, pyruvate, serine, glycine, glutamate, and aspartate suggest changes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and glycolysis metabolism following hydrolysate inputs. Quantitative proteomics revealed 5521 proteins and numerous changes in relative abundance of proteins related to growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, protein productivity, and apoptosis/cell death at day 5 and day 6. Differential abundance of amino acid transporter proteins and catabolism enzymes such as branched‐chain‐amino‐acid aminotransferase (BCAT)1 and fumarylacetoacetase (FAH) can alter availability and utilization of several amino acids. Also, pathways involved in growth including the polyamine biosynthesis through higher ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) abundance and hippo signaling were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Central metabolism rewiring was indicated by glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) downregulation, which corresponded with re‐uptake of secreted lactate in the cottonseed‐supplemented cultures. Overall, cottonseed hydrolysate supplementation modified culture performance by altering cellular activities critical to growth and protein productivity including metabolism, transport, mitosis, transcription, translation, protein processing, and apoptosis.

Highlights

Cottonseed hydrolysate, as a medium additive, enhances Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance.

Metabolite profiling and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics characterize its impact on CHO cells.

Rewired nutrient utilization is observed via glycolysis, amino acid, and polyamine metabolism.

Hippo signaling pathway impacts cell growth in the presence of cottonseed hydrolysate.
Multimodal peptide ligand extracts parvovirus from interface in affinity aqueous two‐phase system
Authors: Joshi Pratik U. , Kroger Stephanie M. , Zustiak Silviya P. , Heldt Caryn L.
Published: March 2023

Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have found various applications in bioseparations and microencapsulation. The primary goal of this technique is to partition target biomolecules in a preferred phase, rich in one of the phase‐forming components. However, there is a lack of understanding of biomolecule behavior at the interface between the two phases. Biomolecule partitioning behavior is studied using tie‐lines (TL), where each TL is a group of systems at thermodynamic equilibrium. Across a TL, a system can either have a bulk PEG‐rich phase with citrate‐rich droplets, or the opposite can occur. We found that porcine parvovirus (PPV) was recovered at a higher amount when PEG was the bulk phase and citrate was in droplets and that the salt and PEG concentrations are high. To improve the recovery, A PEG 10 kDa‐peptide conjugate was formed using the multimodal WRW ligand. When WRW was present, less PPV was caught at the interface of the two‐phase system, and more was recovered in the PEG‐rich phase. While WRW did not significantly increase the PPV recovery in the high TL system, which was found earlier to be optimal for PPV recovery, the peptide did greatly enhance recovery at a lower TL. This lower TL has a lower viscosity and overall system PEG and citrate concentration. The results provide both a method to increase virus recovery in a lower viscosity system, as well as provide interesting thoughts into the interfacial phenomenon and how to recover virus in a phase and not at the interface.
Understanding the context of suicide in master's level counselling programmes in Australia
Authors: Howell Priyani
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand the context of suicide in master's level counselling courses in Australia. The sample comprised courses accredited by the Australian Counselling Association (ACA) and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA). A mixed methods content analysis was used to identify the explicitness of suicide in these courses and identify themes that emerged during the analysis. The sample consisted of 405 units of study contained in 26 courses. Suicide was explicit in 23 units in 17 courses. Suicide content was overshadowed by cultural diversity, ethics, morality and philosophy, research and self‐awareness, which was explicit in all 26 courses.
Antibacterial Potent of Acetylated and Non‐Acetylated Clove Bud Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds
Authors: Achraf Abdou , Fatima Ezzahra Maaghloud , Fatima Zahra Moukhfi , Abdoullah Bimoussa , Nour‐Eddine Chadli , Abdelhakim Elmakssoudi , Jamal Jamal Eddine , Mohamed Dakir
Published: March 2023

Clove bud is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Asia for the treatment of various disease. Previously, Clove oil is a potential source of an antimicrobial compounds especially vis‐a‐vis bacterial pathogens. However, the compound responsible for this activity remains to be investigated. Essential oil (EO) clove, acetylated essential oil clove, eugenol, and acetyleugenol were evaluate as an antibacterial potential agent against Staphyloccocus aureus (SE), Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Essential oil containing eugenol was extracted from buds of Eugenia caryophyllata commonly named clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) (Family Myrtaceae) by a simple hydrodistillation. The analysis of the essential oils (EOs) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) shows eugenol as the major constituent with 70.14 % of the total. The Eugenol was isolated from the EO using chemical treatment. Afterwards, the EO and eugenol were converted to acetylated EO and acetyleugenol, respectively using acetic anhydride. The antibacterial result revealed that all compounds showed a strong activity against the three strains. The Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were extremely sensitive against eugenol with an inhibition diameters of 25 mm. The MIC values of eugenol versus S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 0.58 and 2.32 mg/mL, respectively, while the MIB values were 2.32 mg/mL and 9.28 mg/mL.
Floral Pollen Bioactive Properties and Their Synergy in Honeybee Pollen
Authors: Velásquez Patricia , Muñoz‐Carvajal Eduardo , Grimau Lissette , Bustos Daniela , Montenegro Gloria , Giordano Ady
Published: March 2023

Honeybee pollen (HBP) is a mixture of floral pollen collected by honeybees near the hive. It is characterized by a composition rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamins that act as free radicals scavengers, conferring antioxidant and antibacterial capacity to the matrix. These bioactive properties are related to the botanical origin of the honeybee pollen. Honeybee pollen samples were collected from different geographical locations in central Chile, and their total carotenoid content, polyphenols profile by HPLC/MS/MS, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and antimicrobial capacity against S. pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, and P. auriginosa strains were evaluated. Our results showed a good carotenoids content and polyphenols composition, while antioxidant capacity presented values between 0–95 % for the scavenging effect related to the botanical origin of the samples. Inhibition diameter for the different strains presented less variability among the samples, Furthermore, binary mixtures representing the two most abundant species in each HBP were prepared to assess the synergy effect of the floral pollen (FP) present in the samples. Data shows an antagonist effect was observed when assessing the carotenoid content, and a synergy effect often presents for antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity for bee pollen samples. The bioactive capacities of the honeybee pollen and their synergy effect could apply to develop new functional ingredients for the food industry.
Derivatization of Mirror‐Image l‐Nucleic Acids with 2′‐OMe Modification for Thermal and Structural Stabilization
Authors: Dantsu Yuliya , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2023

To further expand the functionality and enhance the stability of mirror‐image nucleic acids as advanced agents for basic research and therapeutic design, we have synthesized 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐methoxy‐l‐uridine phosphoramidite and incorporated it into l‐DNA and l‐RNA by solid‐phase synthesis quantitatively. We found that the thermostability of l‐nucleic acids is dramatically improved after introducing the modifications. Moreover, we successfully crystallized both l‐DNA and l‐RNA duplexes containing the 2′‐OMe modifications and sharing identical sequences. Crystal structure determination and analysis revealed the overall structures of the mirror‐image nucleic acids, and for the first time it was possible to interpret the structural deviations caused by 2′‐OMe and 2′‐OH groups in the oligonucleotides, which are very similar. This novel chemical nucleic acid modification has the potential to be used to design nucleic acid‐based therapeutics and materials in the future.
Complicated appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, pleural effusion, and sinus bradycardia in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Hatami Danial , Alavi Seyed Mohamamd Amin
Published: March 2023

This study shows that complicated appendicitis and acute pancreatitis could occur during a COVID‐19 infection, since the same gastrointestinal manifestations are notable in all aforementioned diseases. Sinus bradycardia is a side effect of remdesivir. Both COVID‐19 infection and remdesivir therapy can elevate liver transaminases.
Sodium Insertion into Fe[Fe(CN)6] Framework Prepared by Microwave‐Assisted Co‐Precipitation
Authors: Maroni Fabio , Li Min , Dongmo Saustin , Gauckler Cornelius , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Giorgetti Marco , Marinaro Mario
Published: March 2023

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are interesting materials for Na electrochemical insertion, owing to their ease of synthesis, rigid open framework and large interstitial space. In this work, iron hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles, FeIII[FeIII(CN)6], also known as Berlin green (BG), where both Fe centers are in the Fe(III) configuration, have been synthesized by an easy microwave assisted co‐precipitation method, with an average particle size of around 44 nm. The BG nanoparticles exhibited a 120 mAh g−1 specific capacity with a capacity retention of 84.8 % over 100 cycles at 20 mA g−1 current and up to 80 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate. The initial charge and discharge processes were fully investigated by ex‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XAS results reveal that there is some irreversibility in the initial electrochemical processes and the Fe−C and Fe−N bond lengths change during the first charge/discharge cycle. This effect was attributed to BG electrode activation processes, and partly explained the observed capacity fading.
N‐Doped Carbon Confined NiCo Alloy Hollow Spheres as an Efficient and Durable Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Huang Shijie , Zhang Wei , Chen Qiong , Zhou Shuo , Sun Ling , Sha Linna , Zhuang Guilin , Wang Po , Han Xiguang
Published: March 2023

Exploring cost‐efficient/durability bifunctional electrocatalysts are of upmost importance for the practical application of metal–air batteries. However, preparing bifunctional electrocatalysts with the above three advantages remains conceptually challenging. This work reports the preparation of N‐doped carbon confined NiCo alloy hollow spheres (NiCo@N−C HS) as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn‐air battery with a higher energy density (788.7 mWh gZn−1) and outstanding cycling stability (over 200 h), which are more durable than the commercialized Pt/C+RuO2‐based device. Electrochemical results and theoretical calculation demonstrate that the synergy in the NiCo@N−C accelerates the electronic transmission for improving activation of O2* and OH* intermediates and optimizing reacted free energy pathways, while the hollow structures exposure more active sites for improving the reaction kinetics and enhancing the activity of ORR/OER reaction. This work provides crucial understanding for constructing low‐cost transition metal‐based catalyst to overcome the efficiency and durability barriers of metal‐air batteries for widespread applications.
Mammalian D‐Cysteine: A new addition to the growing family of biologically relevant D‐amino acids
Authors: Roychaudhuri Robin
Published: March 2023

Mammalian D‐Cysteine is racemized from L‐cysteine by serine racemase, a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)‐dependent enzyme. Endogenous D‐Cysteine plays a role in neural development by inhibiting proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) via protein kinase B (AKT) signaling mediated by the FoxO family of transcription factors. D‐Cysteine binds to Myristoylated Alanine Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) and alters phosphorylation at Ser 159/163 and its translocation from the membrane. By racemizing serine and cysteine, mammalian serine racemase may play important roles in neural development highlighting its importance in psychiatric disorders.
Early mortality in acute myeloid leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement is associated with high risk of bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Nguyen Daniel , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Short Nicholas J. , Qiao Wei , Ning Jing , Cuglievan Branko , Daver Naval G. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Jabbour Elias J. , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Konopleva Marina Y. , Andreeff Michael , Ravandi‐Kashani Farhad , Sasaki Koji , Issa Ghayas C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with rearrangement of lysine methyltransferase 2a gene (KMT2Ar) is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and high rates of relapse. However, additional causes of treatment failure or early mortality have not been well‐defined in this entity.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis, causes and rates of early mortality following induction treatment were compared between a cohort of adults with KMT2Ar AML (N = 172) and an age‐matched cohort of patients with normal karyotype AML (N = 522).

Results

The 60‐day mortality in patients with KMT2Ar AML was 15% compared with 7% with normal karyotype (p = .04). We found a significantly higher occurrence of major bleeding events (p = .005) and total bleeding events (p = .001) in KMT2Ar AML compared with diploid AML. Among evaluable patients with KMT2Ar AML, 93% exhibited overt disseminated intravascular coagulopathy compared with 54% of patients with a normal karyotype before death (p = .03). In a multivariate analysis, KMT2Ar and a monocytic phenotypic were the only independent predictors of any bleeding event in patients who died within 60 days (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4–10.4; p = .03; odds ratio, 3.2; 95% CI, 1–1‐9.4; p = .04, respectively).

Conclusion

In conclusion, early recognition and aggressive management of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and coagulopathy are important considerations that could mitigate the risk of death during induction treatment in KMT2Ar AML.

Plain Language Summary

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with rearrangement of KMT2A is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and high rates of relapse. However, additional causes of treatment failure or early mortality have not been well‐defined in this entity.

In this article, that KMT2A‐rearranged AML is demonstrably associated with higher early mortality and an increased risk of bleeding and coagulopathy, specifically, disseminated intravascular coagulation, compared with normal karyotype AML.

These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and mitigating coagulopathy in KMT2A‐rearranged leukemia similar to what is done in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Computational Methods for Molecular Understanding of the Antibiotic‐Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Interaction
Authors: Chowdhury Shilpi , Ghosh Poulami , Nandi Nilashis
Published: March 2023

Developing an understanding of the interactions between an antibiotic and its binding site in a pathogen cell is the key to antibiotic design—an important cost‐saving methodology compared to the costly and time‐consuming random trial‐and‐error approach. The rapid development of antibiotic resistance provides an impetus for such studies. Recent years have witnessed the beginning of the use of combined computational techniques, including computer simulations and quantum mechanical computations, to understand how antibiotics bind at the active site of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) from pathogens. Such computational protocols assist the knowledge‐based design of antibiotics targeting aaRSs, which are their validated targets. After the ideas behind the protocols and their strategic planning are discussed, the protocols are described along with their major outcomes. This is followed by an integration of results from the different basic protocols. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Analysis of active‐site residues from primary sequence of synthetase and transfer RNAs

Basic Protocol 2: Molecular dynamics simulation‐based protocol to study the structure and dynamics of the aaRS active site:antibiotic complex

Basic Protocol 3: Quantum mechanical method‐based protocol to study the structure and dynamics of the aaRS active site:antibiotic complex
Effects of cultivar and nitrogen application rate on lint, seed, oil, and protein yields of field‐grown cotton
Authors: Parkash Ved , Snider John L. , Bruce Aaron , Ermanis Alessandro , Virk Gurpreet , Kaur Navneet , Collins Guy , Chapman Kent D.
Published: March 2023

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) is not only the dominant fiber crop grown worldwide, but it is also an important source of plant‐based oil and protein. Previous research has documented a significant effect of cotton cultivar and nitrogen application individually on lint yield and seed composition, but very limited studies have evaluated the lint, seed, oil, and protein yield responses of cultivars with different seed mass and composition to a broad range of N application rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lint, seed, oil, and protein yield responses of cultivars with different seed mass and composition to N application rates (0–168 kg N ha−1) for field‐grown cotton. A field experiment was conducted in Tifton, GA, USA during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons that included six cultivars and six N application rates. Cultivar significantly affected seedcotton, lint, seed, and seed reserve yields in both growing seasons. Lint yield did not follow identical trends as seed yield mainly due to cultivar variation in lint percent. Similarly, protein and oil yield were influenced by cultivar variation in seed composition. Seedcotton, seed, protein, and oil yields continually increased with increases in N application from 0 to 168 kg N ha−1, whereas for lint yield, all fertilized treatments produced comparable yields that were significantly higher (68%) than the 0 kg N ha−1treatment. We conclude that variability in the distribution of photosynthates to fiber and seed as well as seed oil and protein composition can significantly alter trends in fiber, seed, and seed component yields in response to cultivar or N application rates for field‐grown cotton.
Design and analysis of energy aware interior gateway routing algorithm with particle swarm optimization
Authors: Almuzaini Khalid K. , Stalin Shalini , Menon Sindhu P. , Kumar Sandeep , Ojo Stephen , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Pareek Piyush Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar
Published: March 2023

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the data must reach a processing node with less energy consumption and delay rate. However, with the specific consideration of the unique properties of sensor networks such as limited power, stringent bandwidth, dynamic topology due to node failures, adding/removing nodes, or even physical mobility, high network density and large‐scale deployments have posed many challenges in the design and management of sensor networks. These challenges have demanded energy awareness and robust protocol design. Efficient utilization of the sensor's energy resources and maximizing the network lifetime were the primary design considerations for the proposed work. As a result, the new interior gateway routing with particle swarm optimization (IGRPSO) is presented with minimal latency and a higher packet delivery ratio in WSN; optimum link weights are calculated in a fraction of the original data to the new protocol. Network entropy maximization is a conceptual framework that guides the development of the protocol and the computational techniques required to determine which traffic distributions are not only best but also realizable through link‐state routing. Therefore, a routing algorithm provides the optimal and economically optimal route. We used the MATLAB simulation environment to compare and contrast the performance of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol and enhanced interior gateway routing protocol, DSR protocol with particle swarm optimization with that of the IGRPSO protocol, which has the maximum packet delivery ratio of 75.74% and less packet drop of 25.37%, less energy consumption of 0.3674 J.