bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE ISCHAEMIC KIDNEY — Changes in the Surface Microstructure of Glomerular Epithelial Cells —
Authors: Yamada Teruo , Talbot Alan , Kobayashi Naohide , Shiwaku Yoshitomo , Hirakawa Masahisa , Kosaka Futami , Kimoto Tetsuo
Published: December 2008

Domestic rabbits were used to study the changes that occur during ischaemic conditions in the kidney. With a scanning electron microscope, the microcellular changes at the surface of glomerular epithelial cells were observed regularly from the onset of ischaemia until five hours later. After one hour of ischaemla, the surface of the glomerular epithelial cells showed mild swelling and some change in its smooth appearance. One part had taken on a sponge‐like appearance. After 2.5 hours of ischaemia, the epithelial cells had atrophied and the entire cell surface was clearly sponge‐like. It was no longer possible to distinguish the small pore‐like structures that had been seen on the cell surface in the normal. Moreover, 2.5 hours of ischaemia was the time when, biochemically, cell metabolism had completely ceased and the permeability of the cell membrane had altered. The cell was considered to have undergone irreversible change by this stage. After 5 hours of ischaemia, cells were markedly atrophied and the appearance of the surface had become even more sponge‐like.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONGENITAL CYSTIC KIDNEYS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MULTICYSTIC, DYSPLASTIC TYPE
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Kajita Akira
Published: December 2008

Ten autopsy cases of congenital cystic kidneys were studied by histopathological examination. Eight cases with dysplastic type revealed immature mesoderm, cartilage, localized tight fibrous tissue, hemangiomatous lesion consisting of arterlo‐capillary‐venous elements, extramedullary hematopoiesis, primitive lymph nodes, adipose tissue, and abundant neural tissue in the kidney as well as cystic lesions. These findings strongly suggest that congenital cystic kidneys of dysplastic type are derived from hamartoma or hamartomatous changes chiefly consisting of mesodermal tissue, most of which corresponds to tissue anomaly and is very close to the aberrant form of Wilms’tumor. The presence of focal fibrosis and lymphoid cell infiltration forming focal renal tissue destruction suggest local disturbance of tissue dmerentiation due to some causal elements. As common feature of this type, it is revealed that the babies show lower weights for their fetal ages and die shortly after birth or are delivered as still birth due to hypoplasia and atelectasis of the pulmonary tissue.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA WITH HYPERCALCEMIA
Authors: Hirano Toru , Tsuchiyama Hideo , Yanagawa Makoto
Published: December 2008

Au autopsy case of cholangiocarcinoma which showed clinically hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia without bone metastases is presented in this report. Although parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐like substance of 520 ng/g. dry weight was measured in neoplastic tissue by the radioimmunoassay, membrane‐limited secretory granules as those of parathyroid gland were not found in the fine structure. The significance of an existence of secretory granules in ectopic PTH producing tumor is discussed.
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES IN HUMAN PANCREATIC BETA CELL ADENOMA
Authors: Mori Hideki , Kawai Toshiro , Tanaka Takuji , Fujii Masahiko , Takahashi Masayoshi , Miyashita Takehiko
Published: December 2008

An electron microscopic observation on a pancreatic tumor removed from a 34‐year‐old woman revealed the fine structural morphology of a functional beta cell adenoma. Characteristic PAS positive crystalline structures were frequently observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. They were not bounded by a membrane and had a rectangular or irregular hexagonal shape. Highly regular patterns were seen as such as lattice or honeycomb and parallel ripple structures. They are similar to the Reinke's crystal or crystalline structures reported in human hepatocytes suffering from several different diseases and considered as a protein‐carbohydrate complex. Occasionally, small paracrystalline structures appeared to indicate an immature type of these structures in the opaque fine fibrillar mass. Crystalline or paracrystalline structures were not detected in the normal pancreatic tissue removed with the tumor from the patient.
DRUG‐INDUCED LYSOSOMAL CHANGES and NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Watanabe Mitsutoshi
Published: December 2008

Lysosomal involvement In renal tubular lesions was studied mainly by electronmicroscopy after single and repeated administrations of cephacetrile, cephalothin, cephaloridine, gentamicin or leupeptin and combine administrations of cephalothin and gentamicin or gentamicin and leupeptin in female Wistar rats. Large cytosomes of high density were increased due probably to either reabsorption and secretion of drugs or their metabolites. These cytosomes displaying acid phosphatase activity were demonstrated histo‐chemically and were identified as heterolysosomes. In rats treated with cephaloridine, gentamicin or leupeptin, disruption of lysosomal membrane was noted and regional cytoplasmic destruction‘was seen in the vicinity of the disrupted heterolysosomes. Necrotic epithelial cells and renal insufficiency were observed in these animals. On the other hand, neither destruction of lysosomes nor cell lesion was found in rats treated with cephacetrile or cephalothin. It was speculated that lysosomal destruction might be the cause of the cell lesions found in cephaloridine, gentamicin or leupeptin treated rats.
CONGENITAL DILATATION OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC FIBROSIS and MEDULLARY SPONGE KIDNEY —RECONSTRUCTION and MICRODISSECTION STUDY
Authors: Okada Eikichi , Shozawa Takeshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a four‐year‐old female with congenital dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts with bilateral medullary sponge kidney is presented. The liver and kidney were investigated by reconstruction with serial sections and the kidney was also studied by microdissection.

In this case the dilatations of collecting tubules and intra‐ and extra‐hepatic bile ducts were observed. We regard these lesions as developmental anomalies since these sites of both organs are excretory ducts derived from the endoderm. The liver cirrhosis observed at atuopsy had developed in the course of the disease because the liver architecture was well preserved in the biopsy material. The patient had fatal cholangitis without cholelithiasis.
FULMINATING LACTOSE‐POSITIVE VIBRIO SEPTICEMIA
Authors: Matsuo Takeshi , Kohno Shigeru , Ikeda Takayoshi , Saruwatari Katsuhiko , Ninomiya Hideyo
Published: December 2008

Recently cases of tissue Invasion by as yet unnamed marine vibrios which were morphologically and biochemically similar to both Vibrio parahemolyticus and V. alginolyticus, but not identical with either of them, have been described. We have seen a patient who had serious widespread tissue infection with a halophllic, Gram‐negative bacterium which was isolated from blood and leg lesions. The organism had the characteristics of the genus Vibrio, and lactose fermentation and ONPG reactions were positive. It also had a lower tolerance for sodium chloride in the nutrient broth compared with the above two vibrios. The isolate seems identical to the lactose positive (L+) Vibrio described by Hollis et al. (1976). Tissue infection resulting in severe necrotizing cellulitis and vasculitis was demonstrated at autopsy.
DIFFUSE INFANTILE FIBROMATOSIS
Authors: Kameda Noriaki , Atobe Toshihiko , Akima Michio , Fukuoka Yoshiki , Ikeno Yoshimasa , Saito Masaru
Published: December 2008

A boy 15 months old with diffuse infantile fibromatosis in the thigh is reported. A rapidly growing tumor in the right thigh was the only clinical manifestation, suggesting a malignant soft tissue tumor. Macroscopically, the lesion in the medial vastus muscle with an illdefined border gave a pepper and salt appearance. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by an abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts accompanied by some fibrosis, infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, formation of lymphoid follicles, proliferation of capillaries and the presence of a small number of mature fat cells. No evidence of recurrence is found at present one and half years after operation.
SARCOMATOUS VARIANT OF MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS; A CASE REPORT and REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Watanabb Shaw , Mikata Atuso , Toyama Keisuke , Kitamura Keijiro , Minato Keisuke
Published: December 2008

The case is that of a 21‐year‐old female with mediastinal and subcutaneous, tumors composed of sarcomatous growth of poorly differentiated histiocytes defined by enzyme histochemical staining, ultrastructural observation and detection of surface markers. At autopsy neoplastic cells in the solid tumor became less cohesive and pleomorphic with erythrophagia, while features in the lymph node draining from the tumor was compatible with the criteria of malignant histiocytosis. The place where such a sarcomatous variant of malignant histiocytosis should be placed within other histiocytic tumors is discussed and the literature reviewed.
CHONDROITIN 4‐ and 6‐SULFATE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS — A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY —
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Yaginuma Yoshio , Kojima Mizu , Hakozaki Hando , Hoshino Ryoichi , Hayashi Shiro
Published: December 2008

A 17‐year‐old patient clinically manifesting gargoyle face, dwarfism, skeletal bone deformity, mild mental retardation and benign course was presented. Biochemically, increased urinary excretion of acidic glycosaminoglycans was confirmed and chondroitin 4‐sulfate and chondroitin 6‐sulfate were substantiated to be the major components of the acid mucopolysacchariduria. Light microscopically, variable numbers of foam cells were observed in the biopsy materials of the lymph nodes, liver and skin, as well as in the smears of bone marrow aspirates. In the liver, the parenchymal cells appeared vacuolated. Histochemically, accumulation of sulfated acid glycosaminoglycans was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the foam cells proliferating in these tissues, as well as in the liver cells. Electron microscopically, all of these storage cells were found to contain numerous, membrane‐bound, vacuolar inclusions filled with flocculent, finely reticulogranular materials of low electron density similar to those seen in the storage cells of Hurler, Hunter or Sanfllippo's syndrome. Empty vacuoles were often coexistent. Accordingly, this case should be termed “chondroitin 4‐ and 6‐sulfate mucopolysaccharidosis”, with emphasis on the possibility of a new type of genetic mucopolysaccharidosis.
MALIGNANT PITUITARY CHROMOPHOBE ADENOMA IN AN INFANT ACCOMPANYING DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: (Hayashi) Chao Hui Fang , Awai Michiyasu , Nakatuka Hisasi , Seno Satimaru , Yamatogi Yasuko , Inoue Hideo , Ohtahara Syunsuke
Published: December 2008

This report deals with a 1.5‐year‐old male infant terminating in viral pneumonia and “diabetes insipidus”. The autopsy revealed malignant pituitary chromophobe adenoma, invading the wall of the third ventricle, extending to the periventricular‐, dorsomedial‐ and ventromedial area, skipping to the lateral area adjacent to the optic nerve, and permeating into the subarachnoid space of the cerebrum. At the onset of disease polydypsia and polyuria were marked followed by interstitial pneumonia with high fever, and later generalized tonic convulsion terminated in death. This case is peculiar in at least two respects. Firstly, this is the youngest reported case of malignant chromophobe adenoma. Secondly, the manifestation of diabetes insipidus is rare in chromophobe adenoma. The malignant adenoma probably occurred from the primitive gland rest of chromophobe cells in the posterior lobe becoming malignant during the course of growth development and destroyed the cells of the posterior lobe, resulting in diabetes insipidus.
CELLULAR ASPECTS OF RABBIT MASUGI NEPHRITIS
Authors: Akikusa Bunshiro , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was induced in the rabbit with injection of goat nephrotoxic serum, and cell dynamics in the glomerulus were quantitatively investigated. The mean total cell number of a normal glomerulus in cross‐section was 54.8, consisting of 24.1 endothelial cells, 16.0 podocytes, and 14.3 mesangial cells. In 5 selected nephritic rabbits, the mean total cell number of a glomerulus at the florid stage (7 to 12 experimental days) was 2.4 times as great as the control. It was revealed that the cells consisted of 27.9 endothelial cells, 14.9 podocytes, 21.1 mesangial cells, and 57.8 monocytic cells, indicating that about 76 per cent of the increased cells were of monocytic origin. Mesangial cells showed moderate increase in number (1.5 times) which persisted until 100 days, whereas endothelial cells increased only slightly. The monocytic cells promptly disappeared at 40 days correlating well with resolution of the proliferative change. Although the cellular compositions varied in each case, it was concluded that monocytes were essential in producing proliferative glomerular changes in the reversible type of Masugi nephritis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 509–522, 1979.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNO‐GLOBULIN IN THE GASTRIC MUCOSA AND GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Ohta Yasuhiko , Kino Isamu , Kato Yo , Aoyama Yuzo
Published: December 2008

The distribution and localization of immunoglobulin in the gastric mucosa and gastric cancer were studied by means of immunofluorescence. In the lamina propria of the stomach, like the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, IgA producina cells predominated, but their population density varied from case to case. The main portion of secretion of IgA in the stomach was deep foveolar epithelium. IgA containing epithelial cells in the stomach were much less than those in the intestine, but they increased with advancement of intestinal metaplasia. Some gastric cancer cells retained the ability of secretory component production and took up IgA in their cytoplasm. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 523–531, 1979.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRANODAL LYMPHOID FOLLICLES IN EXPERIMENTAL BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Watanabe Keiichi , Ohishi Takao , Kageyama Keizo
Published: December 2008

Extranodal formation of lymphoid follicles was morphologically studied in experimental bronchopneumonia. Control gnotobiotic mice had no peribronchial lymphoid follicles and only lymphatic vessels were traced from the terminal bronchiolar region toward larger bronchi. During the week after intranasal inoculation of mycoplasma pulmonis, lymphoid follicles developed in the terminal portion of the lymphatics by the accumulation of small lymphocytes. A loose network of mesenchymal cells and early infiltration of macrophages, following stromal edema, seemed to play an important role in the early accumulation of lymphocytes. Blastic transformation was seen frequently in the center of the accumulated lymphocytes. Two weeks after inoculation plasma cells emerged conspicuously in the periphery of the lymphoid follicles, and the acute phase of bronchopneumonia began to subside. Typical germinal centers with tingible body macrophages and dendritic reticulum cells developed when the bronchitis perisisted in a chronical manner. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 533–543, 1979.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA WITH RETICULUM‐CELL‐SARCOMA‐LIKE CELL PROLIFERATION—Significance of Eosinophilic Granules in Sarcomatous Cells
Authors: Koide Osamu , Watanabe Yonosuke
Published: December 2008

A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with proliferation of atypical cells resembling those of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS‐like cells) is presented. A number of immature eosinophils were present mingled with ordinary leukemic cells, which infiltrated in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs and testes. RCS‐like cells either formed solitary nodular foci or randomly mingled with infiltrating leukemic cells. Charcot‐Leyden crystals were seen in some areas where RCS‐like cells proliferated. As a peculiar feature the presence of eosinophilic granules in some of the RCS‐like cells was noted. They were proved to be immature form of specific granules of eosinophils by their staining properties and ultrastructural aspects. Based on these findings the myelogenous origin of RCS‐like cells is suggested. The patient died of cerebral complication of aspergillosis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 585–595, 1979.
TYROSINEMIA
Authors: Shinohara Yoshitaka , Hasegawa Ryohei , Ito Nobuyuki , Kanayama Manahito , Kato Toshiyuki , Wada Yoshiro
Published: December 2008

A case of tyrosinemia in a three‐month‐old boy is presented. The patient appeared jaundiced initially with markedly elevated levels of serum tyrosine and a positive Millon‐reacting urine. Jaundice persisted and hepatospleno‐megaly gradually increased. He died due to liver failure on the 51st day after admission. At autopsy, the liver showed the features of severe giant cell hepatitis including giant cell formation, fibrosis and bile retention. The pancreas and the brain showed characteristic postmortem Andings as previously reported in patients with tyrosinemia. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 615–622, 1979.
C CELL CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Miyauchi Akira , Takai Shin‐ichiro , Katayama Shoichi , Kuma Kanji , Kitamura Hajime
Published: December 2008

Two cases of papillary type of C cell carcinoma of the thyroid were reported. They showed papillary arrangement with Abrovascular stalk in properly Axed tissues. Histochemically argyrophil reaction was positive in the cytoplasm and amyloid deposited in the stroma. Ultrastructurally secretory granules were found in their cytoplasm. The papillary type is not an artifact but one of the histologic variations of this carcinoma. ACTA PATH. SAP. 29: 653–659, 1979.
EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT
Authors: Hara Hiroshi , Yamane Toshiko , Yamashita Kiyoaki
Published: December 2008

A case of gastrointestional plasmacytoma found in a renal transplant recipient is described. Immunohistochemical study using immunoglobulin‐enzyme bridge technique demonstrated IgA and K‐type light chains in the majority of plasma cells infiltrated in the stomach. Pathological investigation revealed multiple similar tumors in the ileum, cecum and ascending colon suggesting a plasmacytoma of multicentric gastrointestinal origin. The pathogenesis of plasma cell tumors is briefly discussed with regard to organ transplantation. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 661–668, 1979.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF THE GLOMERULAR CHANGES IN CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Yonezawa Suguru
Published: December 2008

To investigate the presence of intraglomerular immunoprotein deposition in chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), 29 renal specimens from patients with various urological diseases were examined by immunofluorescence. The relationship between immunohistological Andings and types of glomerular changes which were classified according to Heptinstall's criteria was studied. Only type 2 glomeruli, which were considered to be ischemic changes, demonstrated granular and globular depositions of IgM and C3 in the collapsed and solidifled shrunken tufts. IgM was positive in 117 of 258 (45.3%), and C3 in 122 of 264 (46.2%) type 2 glomeruli. The distribution patterns of IgM and C3 were much the same. IgG and IgA were rarely observed and neither fibrinogen nor albumin was observed in the tufts of type 2 glomeruli. Normal glomeruli and other types of glomerular changes in CPN showed few or no intraglomerular immunoprotein deposition. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 677–685, 1979.
EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON DIFFERENTIATION OF ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX OF RATS
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Kawai Kiyoko , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

The tissue differentiation of the zona glomerulosa of the fetal adrenal cortex of rats was studied by giving experimental treatments to the fetus in vivo. A low‐glucocorticoid‐condition was given to the fetus by bilateral adrenalectomy of pregnant rats for removing exogenous glucocorticoids from the fetus, and by brain aspiration of the fetuses for removing the fetal pituitary gland (ACTH) and endogenous glucocorticoids. When the fetus was placed under a low‐glucocorticoid‐condition for the last couple of days of gestation, poor differentiation of the zona glomerulosa occurred speciflcally in the fetal adrenal cortex. The degree of the poor differentiation seemed to be proportional to the duration of the low‐glucocorticoid‐condition. Supplemental administration of glucocorticoids could prevent this poor differentiation of the zona glomerulosa. These results indicate that the tissue differentiation of the zona glomerulosa of the fetal adrenal cortex depends much on glucocorticoids.
PERIARTERITIS NODOSA IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS ‐ INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION—
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Oboshi Shoichi , Sato Ryuichi
Published: December 2008

SHR rats (Nihon Rat Inc.) were used to study spontaneous arterial lesions morphologically resembling human periarteritis nodosa (PN). Male SHR rats (159) developed PN in 76.1%, whereas females (39) in 10.3% during a period of 2 to 15 months of age. The frequency of PN in male SHR rats tended to increase with ageing and reached 100% at 9 months of age. PN lesions were widely distributed with only the lungs, brain and aorta being spared. PN in females was restricted to the tongue, parametrium and mesenterium, Male SHR rats with hypertension of more than 180 mm Hg showed PN in 81.7%, whereas in females with the same hypertension PN was found in only 17.4%. Although there was apparent sex difference in the incidence and background of hypertension, male SHR rats might be a useful animal model of human PN.
STUDY OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS FROM THE ASPECT OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Mori Naoyoshi , Abe Masafumi , Kojima Mizu
Published: December 2008

Intracytoplasmic localization of immunoglobulins in neoplastic cells of malignant lymphomas was studied by both light and electron microscopic immunoperoxidase methods. This was demonstrated in 17 out of 71 cases submitted to light or electron microscopic immunoperoxidase methods. Out of 19 cases examined by the electron microscopic immunoperoxidase method, immunoglobulins were intracellularly identified in 10 cases; 3 out of 6 cases which were diagnosed as follicular lymphoma, 3 out of 5 cases of reticulosar‐coma, 2 out of 6 cases of lymphosarcoma and 2 cases of immunoblastic sarcoma. Out of the above 10 cases, IgM was demonstrated in 9 cases except one of immunoblastic sarcoma in which IgA, IgG and IgM were identified intracellularly. In addition to these findings, our ultracytological and pathological studies have indicated that immunoglobulin‐producing tumors can be classified into the following three major groups according to their cellular origin; germinal centers(group 1), primary follicles (group 2) and extrafollicular (group 3). Group 1 is comprised of follicular lymphoma and reticulosarcoma, group 2 lymphosarcoma, and group 3 immunoblastic sarcoma.
MACROGLOBULINEMIA WALDENSTRUM COMPLICATED BY AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, MENINGEAL SIGN AND FEMORAL LYSIS
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Ueda Nobuo , Fujita Mineji , Oka Akira , Tanaka Shigeto , Sezaki Tatsuo , Yamamoto Kuro , Shiomi Humitoshi
Published: December 2008

A necropsied case of macroglobulinemia Waldenström with unusual complications was presented; the patient was found to have autoimmune hemolytic anemia, first. During the course of its treatment, he developed monoclonal immunoglobulin M in serum together with lytic osseous lesion in both femurs, and died of meningeal involvement by tumor cells. Clinically, he had hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. The macroglobulin was kappa type of light chain, ultracentrifugation showed a sharp spike of 21S in 18.6%, and myelogram revealed increased lymphocytoid series of 29.6%. It was proved that autoantibody causing autoimmue hemolytic anemia was composed of IgG and macroglobulin itself had no activity as an anti‐red cell antibody. An emphasis was made that autoimmune hemolytic anemia followed by macroglobulinemia is based on the state of immunodeficiency of this patient.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF BENIGN OSTEOBLASTOMA OF THE MAXILLA
Authors: Hatakeyama Setsuko , Suzuki Atsumi
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructure of benign osteoblastoma of the maxilla in a 14‐year‐old boy was studied. Morphologically, the tumor tissue was composed of abundant osteoid of a trabecular form, and cellular and vascular connective tissue. The cellular components were osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes entrapped within the osteoid, and small perivascular cells of two types. The small cells of one type were ovoid and had a relatively large nucleus and a dark cytoplasm. The cells of the other type were elliptical and had a clear cytoplasm. The former seemed to be a preosteoblast and the latter could not be identified. The osteoblast was the predominant cell in this lesion and was characterized by the presence of abundant rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and several Golgi complexes. These characteristics indicated the pronounced activity of collagenous fiber synthesis and the matrix of the osteoid tissue.
GENERALIZED ASPERGILLOSIS SHOWING A GRANULOMATOUS PATTERN
Authors: Sugawara Isamu , Shimamine Tctsuro , Okudaira Masahiko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a very rare form of generalized aspergillosis with a prominent granulomatous pattern simulating sarcoidosis was presented. The patient was a forty‐year‐old Japanese female with a four years' clinical course. Kveim's test was positive. Multiple epithelioid cell granulomata as well as necrotizing and suppurative lesions were recognized in generalized lymph nodes, liver, epicardium, gall bladder, adrenals, kidneys and duodenal mucosa. Fungal elements in the epithelioid cell granulomata and necrotizing lesions were identified as Aspergillus by fluorescent antibody technique (indirect method). Predisposing factors for the generalized fungal infection could not be clarified in this case. There was neither underlying disease nor evident immunodeficiency state, so far as examined.
SPINDLE CELL LIPOMA
Authors: Kitano Motoo , Enjoji Munetomo , Iwasaki Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Spindle cell lipoma is an unusual and special type of lipoma which has been occasionally misdiagnosed as liposarcoma by histopathologic examination. Twelve patients with this benign subcutaneous tumor were selected from about 8,000 cases of soft tissue tumors in our files, and the clinical and pathologic features of this tumor were reviewed and analyzed. The lesion exclusively affected adult males, and the nuchal region was the site of predilection. Microscopically, it is composed of an admixture of mature fat cells and fibroblastic spindle cells, accompanying collagen and reticulin fibers interspersed in a rich mucoid substance. The follow‐up information of the patients has revealed a benign clinical course.
PULMONARY BONE MARROW EMBOLISM: A REVIEW OF 350 NECROPSY CASES
Authors: Arai Haruo
Published: December 2008

Of a total of 350 necrospy cases, 71 were instances of pulmonary bone marrow embolism. The number of emboli did not vary significantly depending on whether the destruction of bone marrow was observed or not. However, the size of emboli and the number of nucleated cells increased in cases in which the destruction of bone marrows was observed. In other words, when the bones and bone marrows were destroyed to some extent, the size of emboli increased. In contrast with this, the number of emboli did not vary significantly depending on the magnitude of the destruction of bones and bone marrows. Of a total of 62 cases of which clinical histories were available, 60 were instances in which cardiac massage was carried out. The numbers and sizes of emboli varied significantly depending on whether cardiac massage was carried out or not. In other words, the number of bone marrow emboli was significantly high in cases in which cardiac massage was carried out. We suggested that cardiac massage was the most important of all predisposing factors of bone marrow embolism.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON A CAROTID BODY TUMOR
Authors: Hiasa Yoshio , Ohshima Masato , Iwata Chikayoshi , Murata Yoshio , Tankake Tatsuo , Sakaki Toshisuke , Utsumi Shozaburo , Hyo Yukikazu , Hoshiya Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

Light and electron microscopic studies were made on a large carotid tumor. Light microscopy revealed adenomatous formation with dark granules giving a positive Grimelius silver reaction in the lumen and cytoplasm of chief cells. Electron microscopy showed that the tumor consisted mainly of clear cells and a few dark cells. Electron dense granules were observed both in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and in the lumen. Microfilaments were prominent in the cytoplasm of both types of tumor cells.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF D1 (13–15) TRISOMY SYNDROME WITH MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
Authors: Kihara Masataka , Kawai Kioko , Shimoda Hozumi
Published: December 2008

This is the case of a 23‐day‐old female infant presenting the features of D1 trisomy syndrome with multiple anomalies such as a sloping forehead, narrow eyelids, microphthalmus, broad base of high nose, dcrognathia, flexion deformities of the Angers, simian line, rocker‐bottom feet, omphalocele and breath‐holding spells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated hypersegmentation of nuclei which disclosed hook‐like appendages. In addition to the above‐mentioned external anomalies, the autopsy revealed arhinencephaly, tubular stomach, horizontal heart in position and malrotation of the duodenum. Pseudomembranous necrotizing colitis was seen in the sigmoid colon and rectum. Abscesses with necrosis and hemorrhage were seen in both kidneys, pancreas, left lung, uterine cervix and the skin of the anal region. A series of this systemic infection was the immediate cause of death.
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SPLEEN IN IDIOPATHIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION (SO‐CALLED BANTI'S SYNDROME WITHOUT LIVER CIRRHOSIS) USING LIGHT MICROSCOPY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND HISTOMETRY
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhide
Published: December 2008

Morphological changes in the spleens of patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) were studied and compared with the normal spleen. The study used (1) light microscopy with histometry, (2) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the splenic tissue with histometry and (3) SEM of the spleen vascular replica. Histometrical studies by light microscopy showed that the volume of red pulp of IPH was increased in a unit area and to a total of 12 times the normal in the whole spleen. The white pulp was scanty of lymphocytes and decreased in a unit area but it was increased in the whole spleen. SEM of the white pulp of IPH demonstrated many channels formed by reticulum cells and running parallel with each other along the central artery. This finding presumably corresponds to periarterial fibrosis in light microscopy. SEM histometry demonstrated that the venous sinuses of IPH were small but increased in number and occupied the same percentage area in a unit red pulp area as in the normal spleen. The Billroth cord of IPH was narrowed and occupied by thickened reticulum cells, which may cause increased pooling and destruction of blood cells in the enlarged spleen (hypersplenism). SEM of the tissue and vascular replica demonstrated open arterial termination in the Billroth cord in the spleen of IPH as well as in the normal spleen. Venous sinuses in the replica of IPH ran parallel with each other forming bundles with fewer intercommunications than normal.
EARLY CHANGES IN THE ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIUM UNDER VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: An Electron Histochemical Study with Visualization of Altered Permeability Using Electron Microscopic Tracers
Authors: Asano Goro , Ohkubo Kenji , Hoshino Masazumi , Yamada Nobutaka , Aihara Kaoru
Published: December 2008

The authors have studied the endothelial changes in the aorta and the arteries of heart, kidney and other organs in cholesterol fed rabbits and endotoxin administrated rats through electron histochemical and vascular clearance methods. The vascular changes are variable presumably due to the functional and morphological difference of vessels. The administration of cholesterol and endotoxin may result in increased vascular permeability which is directly related to the qualitative increase and decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular wall. The permeability of high molecular substances was enhanced with the widening of the intercellular space in contraction of endothelium and the changing of molecular structure of plasma membrane accompanied with plasma lipid, platelets and hemodynamic stress. This fact was confirmed by use of horseradish peroxidase and dextran fesin as tracers of different molecular sizes. The authors emphasize that direct injury and subsequent abnormal contraction of the endothelial cell may initiate increased permeability of plasma protein and lipid in the medial layer and eventually may develop and enhance arteriosclerosis.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND FLAVIN‐ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ON ADRENOCORTICAL ATROPHY OF RATS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE PHOSPHATE
Authors: Koizuka Shinji , Takayama Kazuo , Satoh Masanobu , Yagawa Kanichi
Published: December 2008

In a previous paper the authors described the morphologic observations that the concomitant administration of ACTH and flavin‐adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to hypophysectomized rats exerted a more potent preventive effect on atrophy of the adrenal cortex of the animals than the single administration of ACTH. The present study was made to electron‐microscopically observe the effect of concomitant administration of ACTH and FAD on atrophy of the adrenal cortex induced with the administration of dexamethasone (Dx). The zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland of rats treated with Dx+ACTH+FAD was morphologically closer in cell organelles such as smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chylomicrons to that of control animals than the counterpart of animals treated with Dx+ACTH only. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of animals treated with Dx+FAD was morphologically similar to that of animals treated with Dx only. These findings suggested that FAD would potentiate the adrenocorticotropic action of ACTH through its physiologic action.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW HUMAN CHONDROSARCOMATOUS CELL LINE
Authors: Uchida Toshikazu , Matsumoto Kaoru , Shimoda Toshihiko , Shikata Toshio
Published: December 2008

A new cultured cell line (HuOS) was established from tumor cells obtained from the pulmonary metastatic foci of a patient diagnosed as chondroblastic osteosarcoma. The tumor cell line was maintained for over 19 months, and morphological and biological characteristics were studied. These cells retained their malignant properties and produced nodules when transferred intramuscularly to nude mice. Morphologically, these nodules revealed a chondromatous pattern.
BECKWITH‐WIEDEMANN'S SYNDROME—A Report of an Autopsied Case—
Authors: Hamazaki Minoru , Saito Akihiro
Published: December 2008

The case presented here is a three‐month‐old male infant with the Beck‐with‐Wiedemann's syndrome. Clinically, the patient was characterized by macroglossia, visceromegaly, umbilical hernia, microcephalus and other multiple malformations such as facial flame nevus or ear lobe grooves. The patient died of bronchopneumonia at the age of three months, and an autopsy was performed. Morphological examination revealed adrenal cytomegaly, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the pancreatic islets, adrenal rest tissue in the right testis or hypertrophy of muscle fibers of the tongue associated with fibrous degenerative change, in addition to bronchopneumonia of the lung, causing his death. On electron microscopical examination, the cytomegalic cell of the adrenal was characteristic of large pleomorphic nucleus and granular substances with high density in the cytoplasm. In this case, thorough histologic search revealed no evidence of tumorous growth in the organs, though the exomphalos‐macroglossia‐gigantism syndrome has been of interest in its relationship to the occasional occurrence of Wilms tumor, adrenal carcinoma or other tumors.
ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND An Ultrastructural Study on Four Cases
Authors: Hayashi Yuzo , Tokuoka Shoji
Published: December 2008

Four cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid, composed of one small cell carcinoma and three giant cell carcinomas, were studied with electron microscope. In the case of small cell carcinoma, fine cytoplasmic interdigitations and junctional complex between apposing cytoplasmic membranes of neighbouring tumor cells and a few microlumina within tumor cell clusters surrounded by well‐defined basal lamina were seen. In the cases of giant cell carcinoma, occasional cytoplasmic interdigitations as well as desmosomal structures were detected even in tumor cells markedly pleomorphic and anaplastic. Abundant cytoplasmic organelles including profiles of Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and a few mitochondria were seen in the cytoplasm of tumor cell of all four cases. Of interest to note was that all giant cell carcinomas demonstrated evidences of fairly well differentiated tumor within anaplastic carcinoma, indicating probable pre‐existing either benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm more differentiated, with its subsequent anaplastic trasformation. Findings in the present study support an assumption that these anaplastic tumors are derived from the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. In addition, it can be said that tumor cells of the small cell carcinoma provide evidences suggesting functional differentiation of carcinoma cells to a certain extent, yet unable to produce thyroglobulin.
PRIMARY SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS A Case Permitting Pathological and Biochemical Investigations
Authors: Miyasaki Kichihei , Mubao Shinichi , Tsunetoshi Sadahiko , Koizumi Naoko , Isobe Takashi , Nakamuea Nobuto , Nakano Hiroshi , Ogino Toshio , Hosokawa Shuji
Published: December 2008

In this 72‐year‐old male patient, large amounts of amyloid substances were deposited in the mesenchymal organs, but not in the parenchymal organs. Histochemical and electron microscopic studies revealed large amounts of amyloid substances and amyloid fibrils in the skeletal and smooth muscle tissues. In the skeletal muscle tissues, where large amounts of amyloid substances were deposited, glycosaminoglycan was also markedly deposited, especially chondroitin‐4‐sulfuric acid. The concentrations of silicon were also markedly increased in the amyloid fibrils. The concentrations of nickel and cobalt were increased but those of zinc were decreased in all organs measured, although both nickel and cobalt in another case of amyloidosis experienced were within normal values.
GASTRIC CARCINOMA IN DOGS PRODUCED BY THE COMBINED USE OF N‐ETHYL‐N'‐NITRO‐N‐NITROSOGUANIDINE (ENNG) AND GASTRIN
Authors: Kurihara Minoru , Shirakabe Hikoo , Yamaya Fumio , Miyasaka Keiichi , Maruyama Toshihide , Izumi Tsuguhiko , Yasui Akira , Kamano Toshiki
Published: December 2008

Eight beagle dogs of four‐month‐old received both oral administration of N‐Ethyl‐N'‐Nitro‐N‐Nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) and subcutaneous injection of gastrin, and one of them was found to have an annularly infiltrating advanced carcinoma with marked fibrous thickening of the antral wall resulting in stenosis of the antrum (carcinoma scirrhosum) which resembled “Linitis plastica” (Borrmann's type IV carcinoma) in human stomach.
ADULT T‐CELL LEUKEMIA WITH GENERALIZED CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE AND PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA
Authors: Ueda Naoki , Iwata Katsumi , Tokuoka Hirohumi , Akagi Tadaatsu , Ito Jishu , Mizushima Mitsue
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of adult T‐cell luekemia with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is reported. Tumor cells had T‐cell characteristics (E‐rosette) and cerebriform nucleus similar to Sèzary cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and an ectopic pancreas in the ileum were found at the time of autopsy. Histologically, leukemic infitration was observed in almost every organ, and perivascular infiltration, vascular invasion were conspicuous findings. Cytomegalic inclusion bodies were observed in most organs(lungs, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, ectopic pancreas, sweat gland, stomach, thyroid gland, pituitary body, etc.). An acute hepatitis, probably caused by cytomegalovirus, was also noted. Presumed correlation of adult T‐cell leukemia, cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and T‐cell lymphoma was discussed.
LYMPHOMA OF THE BRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH POLYPOSIS OF THE COLON
Authors: Hara Masamichi , Misugi Kazuaki , Suda Takashi , Kuwana Nobumasa
Published: December 2008

Pathological findings of a 15‐year‐old girl with polyposis of the colon who has subsequently developed primary lymphoma of the brain are reported. The authors consider this case to be a rare example of Turcot's syndrome although the histological typing of the brain tumor is not classical and familial background of the polyposis has not been demonstrated. Literatures on 14 previously reported cases of Turcot's syndrome are reviewed and clinical and pathological findings are summarized. The present case is the second report of Turcot's syndrome associated with lymphoma of the brain and is unique in regard to the age as cerebral lymphoma is extremely rare in the second decade.
ACUTE DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL FIBROSING PNEUMONITIS AND BILATERAL RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takehiro , Hojo Kenji
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 69‐year‐old male with acute diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis complicated by bilateral renal cortical necrosis was presented. Autopsy revealed acute diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis, bilateral renal cortical necrosis, non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, involving the aortic and mitral valves, and some interesting vascular lesions, dissemination of fibrinoid change of arterioles and fibrin thrombus of small vessels in various organs; accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lumen of the smaller interlobular arteries and arterioles of the kidney with cellular infiltration and disintegration of the wall; severe disorganization of the wall with intraluminar and intramural fibrinous exudation in smaller branches of the hepatic artery; diminution and disarrangment of muscle fibers and patchy hyalinization in the media of the renal and interlobar arteries. The inter‐relationship between acute diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis, bilateral renal cortical necrosis which may be regarded as a ‘hallmark’ of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation was discussed.
KAPOSI'S SARCOMA–Case Report and Review of Japanese Cases–
Authors: Tange Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2008

A case of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 60 year‐old male was examined histologically and electron microscopically. Multiple hemorrhagic skin lesions were confined within the scalp. The major part of initial skin biopsies ekhibited capillary hemangiomatous component, but examination of surgical materials confirmed its nature as hemorrhagic sarcoma. At autopsy, the skin lesions showed various histological pictures ranging from angiomatous or granulomatous to sarcomatous proliferation of spindle‐shaped cells. Of intriguing findings were the bone marrow involvement and the pulmonary changes, the former consisting of typical sarcomatous lesion and the latter being characterized by purpuric appearance of the pleura responsible for the terminal pneumohemothorax. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells showed Weibel‐Palade granules in the cytoplasm suggesting the endothelial nature. In this article, Japanese autopsy cases of Kaposi's sarcoma so far reported are summarized.
Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Tanaka Mitsugu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Takaki Keizo , Tanaka Hisako , Kobayashi Katsumi , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

Since there is a remarkable Increase in connective tissue around the proliferating bile ductules in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the participation of proliferating bile ductules in hepatic fibrosis has been discussed by many during the past. With the use of immunofluorescent method, the present authors have recently succeeded in detecting alpha,‐antitrypsin, a protease inhibitor, in the epithelial cells of proliferating bile ductules and a portion of the hepatocytes connected with these epithelial cells. When considering the possibility of alpha,‐antitrypsin being secreted into the interstitial tissue, it is conceivable that this glycoprotein plays an important role in restraining collagenase activity, which takes part in the degradation of collagen, and leads to abnormal proliferation of collagen.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: Enjoji Munetomo , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Iwasaki Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A clinicopathologic study of 130 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the soft tissues is reported. This malignant neoplasm principally of middle and late adults occurred most often in the proximal portions of the extremities (48%) including the thigh and buttocks (35%). MFH may be subclassified into common (storiform and pleomorphic), myxoid, xanthogranu‐lomatous, and giant cell types, the common type being accounted for 100 cases (77%) of the series. The prognosis was more favorable in patients with storiform and myxoid tumors than in patients with pleomorphic or other type tumors, the overall relative five‐year survival rate being 48%. The depth of the tumor also affected prognosis with a significantly lower survival rate in deeply situated tumors. The rate of local recurrence of the tumor was 48%. Because of incomplete informations, metastasis was confirmed in only 26 patients and was most frequently to the lung (73%). In addition, electron microscopic, histochemical and tissue culture findings in limited cases are presented, concerning the histogenesis of the MFH.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Authors: Ushigome Shinichiro , Hirota Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

The histological diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) seems to have become recently fashionable among pathologists, although its histo‐genesis and diagnostic criteria are not entirely settled as yet. For practical purposes the differential diagnosis with other easily mistakable mesenchymal tumors should be strictly made with great caution, because of variable histological features of this tumor. The authors attempted to elucidate the differential points from other tumors in a review of 189 cases of malignant soft tissue tumors. Some cases of carcinoma mimicking MFH were also reviewed. No single criterion for making the histological diagnosis of MFH was obtained. Its histological features and differential points from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were tabulated.

The recognition of a true tumor osteoid was emphasized as a single differential point between osteosarcoma and MFH often with fibrous areas mimicking osteoid. Renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to bone, which was misinterpreted as MFH on biopsy tissue, was also described and its differential point was stated.
MULTIPLE INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS OF INFLAMMATORY ORIGIN WITH SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Moriyama Shinichi , Saito Ken , Yokoyama Takeshi
Published: December 2008

A 46‐year‐old Japanese woman with a long‐standing history of bronchial asthma died of subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular spread, during medication by a large dose of corticosteroids. On postmortem examination, eighteen isolated arterial aneurysms were found around the circle of Willis, one aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery being ruptured. Most of the aneurysms were fusiform or cylindrical in shape, with circumferential dilatation of the arteries. A tendency for peripheral involvement was noted in the distribution of the aneurysms. Histological examination revealed various degrees and stages of inflammatory degradation of the walls of the aneurysms. An inflammatory origin of these aneurysms seemed highly likely.