bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteoarticular lesions of lesser toes as cause of dermatological problems within the foot
Authors: Kaczor Tomasz , Żłobiński Tobiasz , Jastrzębski Paweł , Deda Anna , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara
Published: July 2019

Zmiany dermatologiczne spowodowane deformacjami palców mniejszych są jednym z powodów, dla których pacjenci szukają pomocy specjalisty. Do najczęstszych zmian należą odciski na opuszkach palców, pogrubiałe i pękające paznokcie oraz uszkodzenia w przestrzeniach międzypalcowych. Poza miejscowym leczeniem zmian dermatologicznych warto też zająć się leczeniem przyczyny zmian z pomocą fizjoterapeuty, który stosując odpowiednie metody (kinesiology taping, ortozy indywidualne) i techniki (terapia manualna) odciąży stopę. W przypadku zmian niepoddających się leczeniu zachowawczemu konieczna jest konsultacja ortopedyczna w celu rozważenia chirurgicznej korekcji wady, a co za tym idzie zlikwidowania przyczyny problemu.
AS PERIODIZAÇÕES DA HISTÓRIA GERAL E DA HISTÓRIA ANTIGA NOS MANUAIS DE ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA NO BRASIL: limitações e proposições
Authors: FARIAS JÚNIOR JOSÉ PETRÚCIO DE
Published: July 2019

A periodização é um recurso didático do qual a maioria dos docentes, em diferentes ná­veis de ensino, faz uso. Indagar a configuração da periodização histórica equivale, a nosso ver, a questionar a maneira pela qual significamos o passado; prática que nos permite, por extensão, lançar novos olhares á s grandes narrativas que compõem a chamada ”História Geral”. Diante disso, objetivamos, neste artigo, analisar as implicações ideológicas por trás da divisão quadripartite da História Geral, no interior da qual se situa a História Antiga, e apresentar propostas de periodização que valorizam os processos de interação transcultural.Palavras-chave: Periodização. História Geral. História Antiga.  THE PERIODIZATIONS OF GENERAL AND ANCIENT HISTORY IN HISTORY TEACHING GUIDEBOOKS IN BRAZIL: limitations and propositions  Abstract: Periodization is a didactic resource that most teachers, at different levels of education, make use of. To inquire into the configuration of historical periodization is equivalent, in our view, to question the manner in which we signify the past; a practice that allows us, by extension, to throw new perspectives at the narratives that make up the so-called ”˜General History”™. In this article, we aim to analyze the ideological implications behind the traditional division of General History, within which Ancient History is situated, and discuss periodization proposals that value the processes of cross-cultural interaction.Keywords: Periodization. Ancient History. General History.  LAS PERIODIZACIONES DE LA HISTORIA GENERAL Y LA HISTORIA ANTIGUA EN LOS MANUALES DE ENSEá‘ANZA DE HISTORIA EN BRASIL: limitaciones y proposicionesResumen:  La periodización es un recurso didáctico del cual la mayorá­a de los docentes, en diferentes niveles de enseñanza, hace uso. Indagar la configuración de la periodización histórica equivale, a nuestro ver, a cuestionar la manera como significamos el pasado, práctica que nos permite, por extensión, lanzar nuevas miradas a las grandes narrativas que componen la llamada ”Historia General”. En este artá­culo, analizamos las implicaciones ideológicas detrás de la división cuatripartita de la Historia General, dentro de la cual se sitúa la Historia Antigua, y presenta propuestas de periodización que valoran los procesos de interacción transcultural.Palabras clave: Periodización. Historia Antigua. Historia General.
PESQUISA E ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA ANTIGA: PARA QUáŠ? Diferentes visões da Antiguidade
Authors: TACLA ADRIENE BARON
Published: July 2019

Qual é o lugar da pesquisa e do ensino de História antiga no Brasil?   Para onde estamos indo? Que perspectivas temos e que novos caminhos temos traçado? Este artigo deriva dos recentes debates sobre o ensino e a pesquisa da História Antiga no Brasil, particularmente das contendas sobre a BNCC, bem como os atuais ataques contra a Ciência e a Educação brasileiras. Aqui, pretendo discutir a lacuna que se evidencia entre a pesquisa acadêmica e tais atitudes com relação ao trabalho de antiquistas em nossa sociedade.Palavras-chave: Polá­tica. Ensino de História Antiga. Pesquisa Cientá­fica.  ANCIENT HISTORY REASEARCH AND TEACHING: WHAT FOR?Different views on AntiquityAbstract:  Which is the place of Ancient History teaching and research in Brazil? Where is it going to? Which perspectives do we have and what new paths have we opened up?  This paper derives from the recent debates on Ancient History teaching and research in Brazil, particularly the contentions about the NCCB, as well as from the current attacks towards Brazilian Science and Education. Here, I aim to discuss the gap that is evinced between the academic research and such attitudes with regard to the work of antiquists in our society.Keywords: Politics. Ancient History Teaching. Scientific Research.  INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEá‘ANZA DE HISTORIA ANTIGUA: ¿PARA QUÉ?Diferentes visiones de la Antigá¼edadResumen:   ¿Cuál es el lugar de la investigación cientá­fica y de la enseñanza de la Historia Antigua en Brasil? ¿Para dónde estamos yendo? ¿Qué perspectivas tenemos y qué otros caminos trazamos? Este artá­culo deriva de los debates acerca de la enseñanza y la investigación de la Historia Antigua en Brasil, en particular de las controversias sobre la BNCC, bien como de los ataques actuales contra la ciencia y la educación brasileñas. Aquá­, hablo de una brecha que se evidencia entre la práctica académica y en las actitudes con relación al trabajo de los antiquistas en nuestra sociedad.Palabras clave: Polá­tica. Enseñanza de la Historia Antigua. Investigación Cientá­fica.
INFORMAÇÕES EDITORIAIS
Authors: Cavalcante Anissa Ayala
Published: July 2019

Quantitativos de textos publicados neste volume (v. 16, n. 28)
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: VIEIRA ANA LIVIA BOMFIM
Published: July 2019

Boa leitura!
Çocuk ve Ergen Davranım Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Psikososyal Müdahaleler
Authors: TONYALI Ayşegül , GÖKER Zeynep , ÜNERİ Özden Şükran
Published: July 2019

Davranım bozukluğu doğru yöntemlerle müdahaleler gerektiren, çocuk ya da ergenin sadece kendisini değil, yakın çevresini hatta yaşadığı toplumu olumsuz etkileyebilen bir ruhsal bozukluktur. Çocukluk-başlangıçlı davranım bozukluğunun tedavisinde çocuk, anne-baba ve okul eksenli uygulamalar yer alırken, ergenlik-başlangıçlı olanının tedavisinde bu yöntemlere ek olarak kısmi yatış programları, kurumsal uygulamalar ve diğer toplumsal unsurlar bulunur. Çocukluk-başlangıçlı davranım bozukluğunda sosyal öğrenme kuramını esas alan “aile odaklı” uygulamalar, ergenlik-başlangıçlı olanında ergene yönelik “ihtiyaçlar, duyarlılık ve risk ilkesi” esas alınarak uygulanan “ergen odaklı” müdahaleler etkili yöntemler olarak görünmektedir. Kısa ve uzun vadeli etkinlik açısından, ergen, okul ya da toplum odaklı müdahaleleri eş-zamanlı kullanan “aile odaklı” yaklaşımlar en etkin tedaviler olarak görünmektedir. Yüksek riskli ve yaşça ileri ergenler tedaviyle daha iyi ilerlemeler sağlarken, cinsel suçları bulunan ergenler diğerlerine göre tedavilerden daha az fayda görmektedirler.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA BERBASIS POE (PREDICT, OBSERVE, EXPLAIN) PADA MATERI LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NON ELEKTROLIT
Authors: Jayanti Etrie
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan R&D (research and development) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas dan respon siswa terhadap modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis POE (predict, observe, explain) pada materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit.

Prosedur pengembangan dari penelitian ini mengadopsi model pengembangan produk Borg & Gall. Penelitian ini melibatkan tiga validator yaitu validator ahli materi, validator ahli media/desain dan validator praktisi pendidikan/guru bidang studi. Subjek uji coba skala kecil dan uji coba skala menengah adalah siswa SMA N 3 Palembang. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, angket responden siswa dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis POE (predict, observe, explain) pada materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit memperoleh nilai persentase dari  ahli materi sebesar 83,3% dan dinyatakan dalam kategori valid, ahli desain/media memberikan penilaian dengan persentase sebesar 97,2% dan dinyatakan dalam kategori sangat valid, praktisi pendidikan/guru bidang studi memberikan penilaian dengan persentase 88,8% dan dinyatakan dalam kategori sangat valid. Rata-rata persentase nilai dari tiga validator mencapai 89,9% dan dinyatakan pada kategori sangat valid. Respon siswa terhadap modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis POE  (predict, observe, explain) pada materi larutan elektrolit dan non elektrolit dapat dikategorikan baik dimana pada uji skala kecil memperoleh persentase nilai sebesar 78,9% dan dinyatakan dalam kategori baik, pada uji skala menengah memperoleh persentase nilai sebesar 82,0% dan dinyatakan dalam kategori baik.

 

Kata-kata kunci:  modul, POE (predict, observe, explain), larutan elektrolit & non elektrolit
KARAKTERISTIK LEARNING OBTACLES (LO) YANG TERINDENTIFIKASI PADA POKOK BAHASAN TERMOKIMIA DI KELAS XI SMAN 16 PADANG
Authors: Yuhelman Nofri , Murwindra Rosa
Published: July 2019

Kesulitan belajar akan tampak jelas dari menurunnya kinerja akademis atau prestasi belajar siswa. Guru harus dapat mengidentifikasi kemungkinan kesulitan belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakterisktik learning obtacles (LO) pada konsep Termokimia pada kelas XI SMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 16 Padang dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 34 siswa kelas XI IPA dan 2 orang guru kimia. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian  ini adalah butiran  soal TKR (Tes Kemampuan Responden)lembaran observasi dan pedoman wawancara pada konsep termokimia. TKR yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 10 soal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian  kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian desain didaktis (Didactical Design Research). Penelitian dimulai dari observasi, wawancara, dan pembuatan TKR (Tes Kemampuan Responden). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hambatan belajar siswa yaitu learning obtacle terkait connection, learning obtacle terkait conceptual, learning obtacle terkait construction dan learning obtacle terkait struktural. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil TKR (test kemampuan responden) pada pembelajaran termokimia.
Empresas Transnacionales Y Derechos Humanos
Authors: Morey Jaime Suau
Published: July 2019

Se estudia el nuevo espacio operativo de las empresas transnacionales, en el apogeo de la actual globalización. En este marco se contempla la necesidad de un derecho penal “de barreras punitivas adelantadas” que trata, entre otros aspectos, de responsabilizar la creación sistemática de riesgos.

Al propio tiempo se incluye el estudio de los mecanismos jurídicos internacionales tendentes a evitar vulneraciones de derechos humanos y el conveniente control de la convencionalidad (Tratados) transitando por las vías que traza el derecho internacional y el derecho procesal internacional.
A Evolução Do Comércio: O Comércio Eletrônico E Suas Novas Tendências
Authors: Finkelstein Maria Eugênia
Published: July 2019

É notório que desde o advento da internet, as relações econômicas e sociais sofreram grandes mudanças. Neste sentido, uma nova forma de comerciar surgiu: O Comércio Eletrônico. Sua regulamentação e suas novas tendências serão objeto do presente estudo, analisando-se o Marco Civil da Internet, regulação sobre equity e financial crowdfunding, bem como se existe regulação para moedas virtuais no Brasil.
Da Investigação À Descoberta Em Umberto Eco: Olhar E Reflexão Sobre A Pesquisa Na Atualidade
Authors: Silva Marcos Alves da , Baldissera Leonardo , Moreira Junior Luiz Carlos
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho aborda um estudo sobre a obra Como se faz uma tese do autor Umberto Eco, tendo por base um caminho metodológico e epistemológico que o próprio livro apresenta, especialmente quando da discussão acerca da cientificidade da tese, de modo a desenvolver um olhar reflexivo e crítico sobre a pesquisa na atualidade. O roteiro detém em si um caminho pela investigação à descoberta da tese, enquanto pesquisa, pelo orientando auxiliado pelo seu orientador. Ainda que o contexto da obra tenha sido o cenário acadêmico década de 1970 na Itália, não há como ignorar as contribuições metodológicas e os conflitos epistemológicos existentes no livro, criando um contraponto com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa nos dias atuais. Os conselhos irônicos do autor contribuem para um choque de realidade acadêmica, ressaltando a contribuição que a tese pode oferecer ao honesto exercício do intelecto da pesquisa.
A Moldura Normativa Kelseniana E A Neurobiologia
Authors: Gonzaga Alvaro Luiz T. A. , De Nadai André Moraes
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo realiza uma crítica da moldura normativa kelseniana à luz da Neurobiologia de Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela. Nesse sentido, estudaremos como os conceitos desenvolvidos pelos cientistas chilenos como sistema fechado, acoplamento estrutural e “objetividade entre parênteses” fornecem fundamentos para divergir da visão hermenêutica de Hans Kelsen baseada na teoria da moldura normativa.

A metodologia empregada trabalha com a reflexão zetética e dogmática, baseada na técnica da argumentação, na lógica formal e na discussão filosófica, utilizadas no relacionamento entre as seguintes áreas do conhecimento científico, a Biologia e o Direito.

Por fim, como conclusão, obtivemos uma reavaliação do modo interpretativo kelseniano com base na Neurobiologia estudada.
Políticas Públicas Ambientais: Aplicadas Ao Desenvolvimento Econômico E Ambiental
Authors: Maganhini Thais Bernardes , Costa Adriana Vieira da
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo configura um estudo exploratório e analítico sob a emergente temática da compatibilização entre desenvolvimento econômico e as políticas públicas ambientais para concretização da dignidade da pessoa humana – desafio que se apresenta para as instâncias executivas em âmbito interno e externo. Entretanto, necessário se faz resguardar o meio ambiente para que tenha se vida com dignidade. Compatibilizar o meio ambiente, economia e desenvolvimento é um desafio constante. Assim, não se implanta uma política ambiental que não tenha como finalidade o desenvolvimento sustentável que contempla os aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos, financeiros e ideológicos e amparados pela dignidade humana. A partir da perspectiva crítica de desenvolvimento em Chang; e da teoria do desenvolvimento como liberdade de Amartya Sen, explora-se o tema da implementação de políticas públicas de incentivo à proteção e conservação do meio ambiente. Concentram-se as análises mais precisamente em relação às estratégias governamentais para cumprir a agenda do desenvolvimento sustentável, entre elas, destacam-se o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais e o Bolsa Floresta na política institucional brasileira de atendimento às normas internacionais relativas à preservação ambiental. Conclui-se que há um importante esforço das instâncias executivas em implementar as políticas públicas ambientais. A tendência de expansão observada principalmente em relação à preservação do recurso natural “água” e a implementação do projeto Bolsa Floresta pelas instâncias executivas estaduais do Estado do Amazonas nos permite vislumbrar um futuro melhor do que se estas políticas fossem ignoradas. Cabe à sociedade a conscientização ambiental e a cobrança de novas elaborações das políticas públicas promotoras das boas práticas ambientais para um desenvolvimento sustentável de forma ordenada preservando tripé da economia, meio ambiental e o social.
A Legitimidade E A Sua Vinculação À Constituição Democrática
Authors: Leal Saul Tourinho
Published: July 2019

É imprescindível entender a importância que a legitimidade normativa tem em um Estado Democrático de Direito, sendo ela fundamental para a convivência harmônica entre o Estado e os seus cidadãos. Desse modo, apenas os requisitos puramente formais do modelo de normatividade kelseniano não se mostram mais suficientes para o desenvolvimento do ordenamento jurídico regido pelo princípio da democracia, pelo respeito aos direitos fundamentais de seus cidadãos e à dignidade da pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, tanto a Constituição da República Portuguesa, quanto a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil fizeram jus a esse salto normativo e implementaram em seu ordenamento o princípio da legitimidade e da democracia como princípios continentes que devem ser seguidos e respeitados por todos.
Regra-Matriz De Incidência Tributária E Segurança Jurídica
Authors: Fischer Octavio Campos
Published: July 2019

Trata-se de estudar a importância da Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária na sua função de instrumento de realização da segurança jurídica. Este se configura como um importante direito fundamental para a modernidade nas relações tributárias. Portanto, o que se pretende demonstrar é a necessidade de resgatar a preocupação teórica que se deve ter com a Regra-Matriz de Incidência Tributária, que uma parcela da doutrina relegou a um segundo plano.
The Single Tax Principle As A Limit To Double Non-Taxation? A Broad Perspective
Authors: Zubimendi Alejandro
Published: July 2019

In recent years, double non-taxation phenomenon has gained some importance. This phenomenon means that income is not subject to tax anywhere. Based on a purported international tax regime, some academics have defended the existence of a single tax principle which prohibits double taxation as well as double non-taxation.

From a political standpoint, States enjoy fiscal sovereignty in order to design the rules to accomplish their own fiscal policies. In the current economic context of globalization, countries compete with each other in order to attract foreign investment and capital. To achieve these goals, countries use fiscal instruments, such as public expenditure or taxes. Nevertheless, countries are different from each other and may have different goals in consideration of their preferences. There are countries that base their competitiveness on offering good public infrastructures, whereas other countries are focused on low taxation to attract foreign investment, and even there are other countries, due to their economic structure, able to secure good public infrastructures with low taxes. Therefore, a country is free and sovereign to “untax” the income over which it has tax powers.

The question is whether there are limits to the tax sovereignty of countries so that they may prohibit certain forms of double non-taxation. These supranational limits might be identified in the structure of the international tax regime. These attributes of the international tax regime inform largely the tax legislation of the international community. Those principles are the interpersonal equity or ability-to-pay principle, the neutrality principle, and the justice in the allocation of the taxing powers or internation equity principle. Nevertheless, from a positivistic and public international law standpoint, these supranational principles do not bind countries to hold a minimum threshold of taxation.
Distanásia: Violação Ao Direito À Vida E A Morte Dignas – Uma Análise À Luz Da Dignidade Da Pessoa Humana E Dos Direitos Da Personalidade
Authors: Paula Lívia Pagani de , L. Júnior Oswaldo Pereira de
Published: July 2019

Pretende-se realizar no presente ensaio uma análise reflexiva sobre as diversas espécies de morte com intervenção, com especial destaque para a prática da distanásia que, como verdadeira obstinação terapêutica, vem sendo utilizada por alguns profissionais de saúde, equivocadamente, mesmo quando estão diante de um paciente terminal, portador de enfermidade incurável e irremediavelmente comprovada. Objetiva-se demonstrar que essa conduta desnecessária prolonga a vida do paciente terminal, dificultando o desdobramento do seu processo natural de morte, causando-lhe sofrimentos desproporcionais, o que não se coaduna com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, valor fundamental do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro vigente. Por fim, busca-se enfatizar o prestígio pela autonomia da vontade desse paciente por meio de recusas válidas e das diretivas antecipadas de vontade.
Quais São Os Tipos Societários Possíveis Para As Empresas Públicas Unipessoais No Direito Brasileiro?
Authors: Sá Alexandre de Albuquerque
Published: July 2019

O presente estudo investiga os tipos societários que as empresas públicas unipessoais podem adotar, examinando as principais divergências doutrinárias e textos normativos que regulamentam a matéria, inclusive o estatuto jurídico das sociedades estatais, Lei 13.303/2016. Para tanto, analisam-se os cenários existentes no direito brasileiro ao longo do tempo, tratando-se especialmente de maneira pormenorizada as modificações oriundas da reforma administrativa de 1967/1969 (introduzida pelos Decs.-Lei 200 e 900) e a de 1998, estabelecida pela Emenda Constitucional 19. Utiliza-se predominantemente o método dedutivo com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem teórica, valendo-se das fontes jurídicas ortodoxas, ou seja, legislação, literatura especializada e jurisprudência dos tribunais pátrios.
The Implementation of Environmental Sanitation in Elementary Schools: 2018 Inspection Report from Kramatwatu Sub District, Serang District, Banten Province
Authors: Novianti Devi , Pertiwi Wiwik Eko
Published: July 2019

A poor sanitation conditions in School could have a negative influence on the health level of students. Moreover, it could also downgrade the quality of teaching and learning performance. This study aim to find out the overview of elementary school environmental sanitation through inspection in the North Region of Kramatwatu Sub District, in 2018. This study used a descriptive metodology. While the population of this study was total number of primary schools in Kramatwatu Sub District, Serang Regency in the North Region. The sample of this study amounted 21 elementary schools. Primary data collection was obtained from the sanitation inspection (IS) sheet, whereas the data was taken by direct observation and interviews at the research site. The results showed that 42.9% of elementary school locations, 57.1% of garden environment, 71.4% of utilization, 90.5% of the buildings, 66.7% of the floors, 19.0% of the walls, 100.0% of the roof, 85.7 % of the ceiling, 71.4% of the doors, 90.5% of the classrooms already met the standard. While, ventilation, lighting, ablution, physical quality of water, water quantity are 100% in accordance with the requirements. It was also reported 9.5% of qualified wastewater discharge, 23.8% management garbage, 0% of bathrooms and toilets have meet the requirement. Suggestions are given to make collaboration with cross-sector to improve environmental sanitation quality therefore it meets health requirements.
A Correlation Study of Vaginal Hygiene Behaviors and the Presence of Candida sp. in Bathroom Water with Pathological Leucorrhea in Female Students of Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Ratna
Published: July 2019

The health problems are frequently arise in Islamic boarding school (pesantren) such as the multiple occurrence of infectious diseases. This condition is due to poor hygiene behavior and is exacerbated by the condition of the students’ dormitory environment. One of the alarming health problems in pesantren is Leuchorrea. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vaginal hygiene behavior and the presence of Candida sp on bathroom water of Islamic Boarding School in Surabaya. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. The study participants were 100 students selected by using simple random sampling. The correlation between vaginal hygiene behavior and Leucorrhea was analyzed by using Chi-Square Test (α=0,1). The presence of Candida in bathroom water was analyzed descriptively. The result of this study showed that 48 students (48%) were suffering from pathological leucorrhea. Vaginal hygiene behaviors associated to pathological leucorrhea were including of the frequency of changing underwear, p value = 0,014 < α(0,1); the habit of wearing underwear alternately, p value= 0,012 < α(0,01);  student’s way to wash the vagina, p value= 0,001 < α(0,01), the use of tissue after washing the vagina, p value= 0,097 < α(0,01); and the frequency of changing sanitary pads, p value = 0,001 <α(0,1). Candida sp, Candida krusei, and Candida Parapsilosis were found in the bathroom water. The conclusion of this study is some of the vaginal hygiene behaviors were significantly correlated with to pathological leucorrhea, and the presence of Candida sp in bathroom water had a potential to be one of the risk factors of pathological leucorrhea of the boarding school’s students.
Food Handlers Personal Hygiene in The Cafeteria of SDN Model and its impacts on Total Plate Count (TPC) in Food
Authors: Almasari Upi - , Prasasti Corie Indria
Published: July 2019

Canteen has an important role to provide of nutritious and safe food for students during school hours with relatively affordable prices. The results of Food and Drugs Monitoring (BPOM) inspection in 2013 by taking a sample of School Children Confectionary (PJAS) found that 80.79% of the samples confirmed as free from microbiological contamination. These results decrease in 2014, whereas PJAS samples confirmed as free from microbiological contamination is was 76.18%. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of personal hygiene food handlers in the cafeteria of SDN Model to figures Total Plate Count (TPC) in food. This was a descriptive study using cross sectional design. Samples were taken with total sampling where the sample size in this study was the total population of cafeteria booth at SDN Model, there are 5 booths canteen, 5 food handlers, and 5 food samples were taken from each canteen booth. All food samples were tested for bacteriological quality using Total Plate Count (TPC) parameter. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as mask, gloves, headgear, and apron is important to minimize contamination of microorganism from food handlers to food produced. In addition, the selection of ingredients, storage duration, and storage temperature are required to be considered. Suggestion for the cafeteria supervisor of SDN Model and food handler: for the cafeteria supervisor SDN Model to impose regulation and education for food handlers to use PPE during food processing. It is suggested to food handlers to get used to in using PPE during processing the food
Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 68/Puu-XV/2017 Terkait Pembatalan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Jaksa Penuntut Umum Dalam Penanganan Perkara Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum
Authors: Rachmat Harry
Published: July 2019

Penjatuhan sanksi pidana terhadap Jaksa Penuntut Umum diakarenakan tidak melakukan kewajiban mengeluarkan anak dari tahanan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 34 Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012. Pelanggaran tersebut merupakan pelanggaran administratif bukan merupakan suatu perbuatan pidana. Ancaman pidana terhadap perbuatan pelanggaran yang bersifatadministratif merupakan tanggungjawab bersama dengan lembagapemasyarakatn dalam hal penahanan seorang anak yang berhadapandengan hukum sangatlah tidak tepat dan error in iuris karena sanksi administratifmerupakan konsekuensi logis pertama yang harus didahulukan dari sanksipidana. Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis sebagai Jaksa Penuntut Umum, adanya sanksi pidana terhadap jaksa dalam penanganan perkara anak berdampak buruk bagi kalangan jaksa. Banyak jaksa yang menghindar bahkan ketakutan dalam menangani perkara anak. Kebanyakan jaksa menolak jika ditunjuk untuk menangani perkara anak. Dengan status jaksa sebagai PNS sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam UU Kejaksaan, membuat profesi jaksa harus tunduk pula kepada UU ASN. Oleh karena itu secara tidak langsung, Jaksa wajib menerapkan AUPB dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugasnya. Dalam rangka mewujudkan jaksa yang memiliki integritas kepribadian serta disiplin tinggi guna melaksanakan tugas penegakan hukum dalam rangka mewujudkan keadilan dan kebenaran, maka dikeluarkanlah kode etik prilaku jaksa sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor Per –014/A/Ja/11/2012 Tentang Kode Perilaku Jaksa. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 12 Kode Prilaku Jaksa, Jaksa yang terbukti melakukan pelanggaran dijatuhi tindakan administratif dengan tidak mengesampingkan ketentuan pidana dan hukuman disiplin berdasakan peraturan disiplin pegawai negeri sipil apabila atas perbuatan tersebut terdapat ketentuan yang dilanggar.
Tanggung Jawab Promotor Perseroan Terbatas Terhadap Kontrak Pra Inkorporasi Di Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Xavier , Frisa Katherina Ave Maria
Published: July 2019

Ratification of a legal entity based on the issuance of a Decree of the Minister of Law and Human Rights requires a process that is not brief. Meanwhile, corporation which has not been ratified as a legal entity does not rule out the possibility that the promotors of corporation will carry out legal actions in the name of corporation. This journal aims to provide an explanation of the extent to which the liability of corporation and promoters on contracts made before corporation becomes a legal entity. The research methods in this study are conceptual approach and statute approach. Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia currently regulates the liability of promotors before corporation becomes a legal entity. From this journal, it will be known that liability which appears from pre-incorporation contract lies on promotor before corporation becomes a legal entity, but when the legal action has been approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders or has been stated in the deed of establishment, it will become corporate's actions, therefore the liability is also attached.
The relationship between information content of depreciation and abnormal return and future benefits in manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Authors: Zare Reza , Farzanfar Farzad , Jourkesh Hoda
Published: July 2019

In present study by virtue of the importance of  the fiscal statement contents and illiquid items ignored by the merchant the depreciation contents relation with abnormal return of the shares and future benefits are examined in order to influence the items under consideration of the investors to take related decisions; 94 companies were selected from the accessible universe in five years (2006-2010) to have the data necessary for the study in order to achieve the goal & with the base of keeping attention to the manufacturing & nonmanufacturing companies in the whole industries of stock market except banks & insurance companies. The simple and multivariable regression statistical techniques Chow and Hausman Test were used to test the hypotheses. The significant test was conducted for the paradigms by using the ‘F’ and ‘T’ statistics. The study findings show local high inflation have affection on the both variable results & makes no relation for first variable,for future benefits shows parallel  movements.
A Study on Management of Non Performing Assets in Priority Sector reference to Indian Bank and Public Sector Banks (PSBs)
Authors: Selvarajan B , Vadivalagan G
Published: July 2019

The problem of NPA is not limited to only Indian public sector banks, but it prevails in the entire banking industry.  Major portion of bad debts in Indian Banks arose out of lending to the priority sector at the dictates of politicians and bureaucrats.  If only banks had monitored their loans effectively, the bad debt problem could have been contained if not eliminated. The present study has been designed to illustrate the necessity and the nature of the non-performing assets in Indian Bank, Tamil Nadu. Finding out Non Performing Assets –NPA- under the Priority sector lending in Indian Bank and Compare with Public Sector Banks and making appropriate suggestions to avoid future NPAs and to manage existing NPAs in Indian Bank are the other major objectives of this study. The scope of this study covers on the basis: (i)  measuring for the banks to avoid future NPAs & to reduce existing NPAs, (ii) guiding for the government in creating & implementing new strategies to control NPAs, (iii) selecting appropriate techniques suited to manage the NPAs and develop a time bound action plan to arrest the growth of NPAs.
Governance and Risk Management
Authors: Noor Siti Balqis , Rahman Rashidah Abdul , Ismai Tariq
Published: July 2019

The perceptions of Islamic banking professionals are surveyed through a questionnaire to explore whether the process of risk management mediates board involvement in risk management and risk management practices of Islamic banks in Malaysia and Egypt. The findings of this study identified that the Islamic banks in the selected countries are somewhat efficient in their risk management process. It was noticed that board involvement in risk management, process of risk management and risk management among Islamic banks in Malaysia are significantly higher than their counterparts in Egypt. Furthermore, high involvement of boards in risk management significantly increases the risk management process, and in turn, leads to significantly higher riskmanagement practices in Islamic banks. Hence, boards should take formal responsibility for setting, managing and periodically assessing the risk management culture of the banks. It is expected that the outcomes of this study would help policy setters in the selected countries to develop a well-structured and harmonized risk management process that enhance risk management practices, with emphasis on the effective involvements of the board of directors and Shari’ah supervisory boards in risk management practices.
A Survey of the Environmental Conservation Costs by Local Authorities in Kenya
Authors: Mutua Nicholas Muthuma , Kilika Samuel Kakui
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the environmental conservation costs of the local authorities in Kenya by analyzing the data collected from 90 of these local authorities. The population of the study is the 175 local authorities in Kenya. A sample of 90 local authorities has been used. Both statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17 and Excel have been used to determine the level of environmental conservation costs in the studied local authorities. The results indicated that there was a wide use of environmental conservation costs among the local authorities. The study provides preliminary evidence on environmental conservation costs used by local authorities in Kenya. Further research is suggested to explore the possible motivating factors among different local authorities’ degree of application and level of environmental costs in different activities.
Corporate Failure
Authors: Sami Ben Jabeour
Published: July 2019

A number of authors suggested that the impact of the macroeconomic factors on the incidence of the financial distress, and afterward in case of failure of companies. However, macroeconomic factors rarely, if ever, appear as variables in predictive models that seek to identify distress and failure; modellers generally suggest that the impact of macroeconomic factors has already been taken into account by financial ratio variables. This article presents a systematic study of this domain, by examining the link between the failure of companies and macroeconomic factors for the French companies to identify the most important variables and to estimate their utility in a predictive context. The results of the study suggest that several macroeconomic variables are strictly associated to the failure, and have a predictive value by specifying the relation between the financial distress and the failure.
Bank Recapitalization and Real Sector Performance
Authors: Akinkoye Ebenezer , Oyelami Lukman Oyeyinka
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the impact of bank recapitalization on real sector performance in Nigeria. Specifically, thestudy examines the direct effect (bank investment) and indirect effect (loans and advances to real sector) on realsector output growth between the period 1986 and 2012.This study departs from previous studies because weaggregate the three leading sectors (agriculture, manufacturing and building and construction) of the Nigerianeconomy to arrive at our real sector index. Also, having carefully subjected our data to necessary econometric testswe employed chow test for structural break to test for the existence of policy shift between bank capital base and loan to the real sector of the Nigerian economy as a result of bank recapitalisation policy .Similarly, OLS estimates was  used to determine the direct and indirect effect of bank capital base and real sector output growth. The results from structure break tests reveal that bank recapitalization policy causes policy shift in bank capital base and loan to real sector thus the policy is of significant impact to real sector performance .In corollary, the result from the OLS strongly indicates that bank capital base has significant effect on real sector output growth directly and indirectly. We then conclude that Nigerian banks should be adequately capitalised as to play active intermediateting roles expected of them in this modern and competitive global economy.
Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Roy Dipayan
Published: July 2019

The proactively evolved banking regulations in the Indian Banking sector under the authorative directive of the Reserve bank of India (RBI) has often brought about a change in the business strategy, capital structure and operations of the banks in the Indian banking sector. During these events of continuous change and adoption of Basel norms, we analyse the efficiency of the Indian banking sector with using Data Envelopment Analysis across three economic eras andacross the different ownership structures. The determinants of efficiency are selected on the basis of intermediation approach. We also attempt to identify whether the inefficiency arises from managerial incompetence or improper size and resource allocation. From our analysis, we identify the main cause of inefficiency in the Indian Banking sector to be arising out of improper size allocation.
Indonesian And Australian Tax Policy Implementation In Food And Agriculture Industry
Authors: Mulyadi Martin Surya , Dewi Maya Safira , Anwar Yunita , Pamungkas Hanggoro
Published: July 2019

Tax policy is one of the most important policy in consideration of investment development in certain industry. Research by Newlon (1987), Swenson (1994) and Hines (1996) concluded that tax rate is one of the most important thing considered by investors in a foreign direct investment. One of tax policy could be used to attract foreign direct investment is income tax incentives. The attractiveness of income tax incentives to a foreign direct investment is as much as the attractiveness to a domestic investment (Anwar and Mulyadi, 2012).

In this paper, we have conducted a study of income tax incentives in food and agriculture industry; where we conduct a thorough study of income tax incentives and corporate performance in Indonesian and Australian food and agriculture industry. Our research show that there is a significant influence of income tax incentives to corporate performance. Based on our study, we conclude that the significant influence of income tax incentives to Indonesian corporate performance somewhat in a higher degree than the Australian peers. We have also concluded that Indonesian government provide a relatively more interesting income tax incentives compare to Australian government. However, an average method of net income –a method applied in Australia– could be considered by Indonesian government to avoid a market price fluctuation in this industry.
CEO Power and Auditor Choice
Authors: Ouyang Bo , Liu Zenghui , Sun Christine
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we examine the impact of CEO power on auditor choice. We are motivated by the competing financial reporting incentives arising from CEO power. Our empirical finding suggests that powerful CEOs are more likely to hire high-quality auditors as a signal of superior financial reporting quality. We contribute to the literature of auditor switch and extend the research on the links between CEO power and firm behaviors.
Effect of Brand Value on Firm Performance
Authors: Konak Fatih , Demir Yasemin
Published: July 2019

The Efficient Market Hypothesis, developed by Fama, is a market in which prices reflect the current information and where abnormal returns are not possible. In case the securities value reflects the information fully, the existence of the efficient market is mentioned. Within the framework of market mechanism, if these concepts are not sufficient, behavioral finance has emerged focusing on the effect on stock prices. A brand is a symbol, a name or a combination of a merchandise for distinguishing it from the like.Owning a brand is more than a logo or symbol.The brand covers the entire business and affects the perception of customers. Brand value is the value of the brand's name, symbol and reputation.. Thus, the arrangements within the company that can be useful within the company could be done in a timely manner. Creating a brand and brand value has been a powerful competitive tool for businesses.Brand Finance, covers Turkey's most valuable 100 brands. To measure the strength and value of these brands, it annually determines the value of the world's largest brands and publishes its ranking. In this research, the effects of the increase, decrease and constant brand power on the share prices of companies listed in the BIST 100 index in the list of Brand Finance Turkey 100 in the years 2012-2017 were analyzed. According to the findings, it is seen that the changes in brand ranking have an effect on market performance of firms.
Challenges to the Professional Practice of Architects in China Under the Trend of Globalization
Authors: Wu Xunmei
Published: July 2019

With the globalization of the economy, culture and information, all kinds of social forms are changing, and the process of modernization is bound to be strongly influenced by international trends. Under this background, this paper attempts to discuss the challenges of globalization to our architects by presenting the positive and negative situations of globalization.
Modified Algorithm for Drift Avoidance in PV System using Neural Network
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, Ms K.Geetha , Ms M.Thenmozhi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, Mr C.Gowthaman ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
Published: July 2019

As the Photovoltaic System uses the solar energy as one of the renewable energies for the electrical energy production has an enormous potential. The PV system is developing very rapidly as compared to its counterparts of the renewable energies. The DC voltage generated by the PV system is boosted by the DC-DC Boost converter. The utility grid is incorporated with the PV Solar Power Generator through the 3-ı PWM DC-AC inverter, whose control is provided by a constant current controller. This controller uses a 3-ı phase locked loop (PLL) for tracking the phase angle of the utility grid and reacts fast enough to the changes in load or grid connection states , as a result, it seems to be efficient in supplying to load the constant voltage without phase jump. An artificial neuron is a device with many inputs and one output. By using artificial neuron networks, the control algorithm implemented in the boost converter enhances by reducing the response time and hence, transient response for this converter is improved.
Pathogen Taxonomy Updates at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database: Implications for Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Tsang Kara , Speicher David , McArthur Andrew
Published: July 2019

With the increasing use of genome sequencing as a surveillance tool for molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance, we are seeing an increased intersection of genomics, microbiology, and clinical epidemiology. Clear nomenclature for AMR gene families and pathogens is critical for communication. For CARD release version 3.0.3 (July 2019), we updated the entire CARD database to reflect the latest pathogen names. In total, we detected 48 name changes or updates, some of which reflect major changes in familiar names.
A Simulink Hydrological Estimation of Water Shortage Problem in Al-Najaf Region
Authors: Hussein Ayad K , Kareem Hayder H , Hayder Ali M
Published: July 2019

Recently, the environment is being put under constantly increasing pressure. Globally, water shortage is considered as one of the most serious environmental problems which affect human life and plant wealth. Iraq is highly affected by water deficit in many regions. In particular, Al-Najaf region is selected to be under evaluation for the current and future water resources shortage. This study is based on the collected data for rainfall, evaporation, flow-rate, groundwater, water needed for irrigation, and daily uses for the period between 2000 and 2018. The Artificial Neural Network, normal distribution, and lognormal distribution type III are applied for analyzing the collected data in addition to predict the water shortage for year 2050. Results show a water shortage in years 2002, 2004, 2005, and 2017 only for the selected period. A Simulink model is constructed using Matlab to increase the credibility of the estimated results and gives accurate results for the groundwater and surface water needed. Where in 2050, it is found that it needs to use the groundwater source by 0.024 x 109 m3 to support the surface water source which is represented by the Euphrates River. The study shows the extent of inefficient management of water resources in Al-Najaf region.
Crystal Transition Behavior and Thermal Properties of Thermal-Energy-Storage Copolymer Materials with N-Behenyl Side-Chain
Authors: Mao Yuchen , Gong Jin , Zhu Meifang , Ito Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we synthesized MC(BeA-co-MMA) copolymer microcapsules through suspension polymerization. The pendent n-behenyl group of BeA is highly crystalline, and it acts as the side-chain in the structure of BeA-co-MMA copolymer. The highly crystalline n-behenyl side-chain provides BeA-co-MMA copolymer thermal-energy-storage capacity. In order to investigate the correlation between thermal properties and crystal structure of BeA-co-MMA copolymer, the effects of monomer ratio, temperature changing and changing rate, as well as synthesis method were discussed. The monomer ratio influenced crystal transition behavior and thermal properties greatly. The DSC results proved that when the monomer ratio of BeA and MMA was 3:1, MC(BeA-co-MMA)3 showed the highest average phase change enthalpy ΔH (105.1 J·g–1). It indicated that the n-behenyl side-chain formed relatively perfect crystal region, which ensured a high energy storage capacity of copolymer. All the DSC and SAXS results proved that the amount of BeA had a strong effect on the thermal-energy-storage capacity of copolymer and the long spacing of crystals, but barely on the crystal lamella. It was found that MMA units worked like defects in the n-behenyl side-chain crystal structure of BeA-co-MMA copolymer. Therefore, a lower fraction of MMA, that is, a higher fraction of BeA contributed to a higher crystallinity of BeA-co-MMA copolymer for providing a better energy storage capacity and thermoregulation property. ST(BeA-co-MMA) copolymer sheets with the same ingredients as microcapsules were also prepared through light-induced polymerization aiming at clarifying the effect of synthesis method. The results proved that synthesis method mainly influenced the copolymer chemical component, but lightly on the crystal packing of n-behenyl side-chain.