bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Journal of Island Studies: preliminary ideas from 1991, and comments from 2015
Authors: King Russell
Published: January 2022

Some preliminary thoughts were penned in 1991, on the founding of an academic journal devoted to the study of the world’s islands. This collated contribution is an opportunity to look back critically at what was advised then, and what has actually come to pass through Island Studies Journal. Russell King’s prescient report from 1991 is followed by a series of candid reflections by members of ISJ’s International Editorial Board.
Seychelles, a vulnerable or resilient SIDS? A local perspective.
Authors: Philpot Dean , S. Gray Tim , M. Stead Selina
Published: January 2022

This article analyses perceptions of residents of the Seychelles in the western Indian Ocean in relation to a long-running debate over small island developing states (SIDS) as to whether they are vulnerable or resilient. The results of data obtained from 25 key informant interviews and 70 household surveys conducted in 2013 showed that respondents perceived their country to be both vulnerable and resilient. Moreover, the data revealed that the relationship between vulnerability and resilience was complex, and that five interpretations of that relationship were evident: conflict, compromise, complementarity, symbiosis and transformation. Also, the conceptual distance between the two terms – vulnerability and resilience – was shown to be closer than may be commonly assumed. Finally, the paper questions whether the debate over vulnerability versus resilience is rightly confined to SIDS or could be equally applied to other states.
Learning in the Algerian Context during the Pandemic: Is it online or offline?
Authors: Ghounane Nadia
Published: January 2022

The spread of the Covid-19 leads academic institutions all over the world to shift to online mode through educational platforms like Moodle, blackboard, and Teams or towards the informal ways of learning through YouTube and Social Networking Sites, mainly Facebook or through the inclusion of some apps like Zoom and Google meet. Algerian Universities also hasten to replace face-to-face with online mode. However, there are many challenges, among which is the absence of interaction between teachers and students since most of the lectures are posted in an asynchronous online mode. The study attempts to answer the main research question: Which learning mode is used in Algeria during the pandemic? The current paper tends to give an in-depth look at the teaching and learning situation of English in the Algerian context during the pandemic. It also sheds light on the nature of the learning mode. The researcher conducted the study with four universities from different regions in Algeria. Data were collected quantitatively and qualitatively using a questionnaire, an interview, and observation. Findings revealed that most universities use asynchronous online mode in learning. The analysis also demonstrated that the asynchronous mode affects EFL students’ motivation towards e-learning and raises their technostress since they have not developed e-learning readiness yet.
Nurses’ Knowledge About Wound Care
Authors: Šepl Plentaj Anamarija , Žulec Mirna
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Nurses’ knowledge can directly lead to
treatment outcomes.

Aim. To
investigate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding chronic wounds and
to compare the nurses who participated in the study according to their level of
education, years of experience, and place of work.

Methods. Anonymous
questionnaire about wound care knowledge was completed by 193 nurses with different
educational backgrounds in three counties from central Croatia. The study was conducted
during lectures organized through plans for continued education.

Results. Most
respondents had >5 years of experience, are employed in a hospital and have secondary
education in nursing. Nurses with secondary education and less than five years
of experience had better knowledge regarding leg ulcers. Hospital nurses state
that they have insufficient knowledge about wound healing; however, doctors are
more accessible to them.

Conclusion. This study examined nurses’ knowledge and
attitudes regarding wound care. Mixed results indicate the need for further and
more detailed research.
The effect of play therapy as a therapeutic communication on social interactions of Children with Special Needs
Authors: Nurhadi Zikri Fachrul , Dewi Rosanti Utami , Nurhalimah Syaidah
Published: January 2022

Therapeutic communication is one of the communications applied to Children with Special Needs (CSN), designed for therapy. This research is triggered by the number of Children with Special Needs who have not been accommodated to receive a complete education; this means Children with Special Needs have not been able to get an education because of various problems such as school places, parents inability, and the unwillingness of parents to let their children study which is influenced by social difficulties. Children with Special Needs typically feel scared, reluctant, hesitant, or unable to express themselves; these children are often excluded because they cannot communicate and socialize well, so that the impact is not good for the psychic, mental, social, and sensory of the children. This study aims to analyze the effect of empathy and warmth on associative and dissociative social processes. The research uses a study type with a quantitative approach with 50 people as samples. Data collection is carried out through primary data collection by using a questionnaire spread to several respondents and field observation to see the therapy used. The results showed that the empathy correlation coefficient value of the associative social process was 0.443 (strong enough), and the dissociative social process was 0.554 (strong enough). Meanwhile, the value of the warmth coefficient correlation to the associative social process was 0.850 (strong), and the dissociative social process was 0.880 (strong). Thus, the effect of play therapy as a therapeutic communication on social interaction is 0.428 (strong enough), while the achievement coefficient of determination is 0.283. The independent variables have an influence and contribute with a rate of 28.3% to the independent variable.
Peer education as a method in sexual, reproductive health promotion and risk communication for adolescent
Authors: Harianti Rini , Nurjanah Tarbiyah , Hasrianto Nofri
Published: January 2022

Adolescence is a period of accelerated physical, psychological, and intellectual growth and development. It includes the development in sexual maturity of adolescents. In order to promote safe and healthy sexual and reproductive health, adolescents should be equipped with adequate knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding the matter. The role of peer influence is highest during this stgae; thus, health promotion and risk communication through peer education has shown to be effective in many settings on adolescents. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the peer education method as a form of health promotion in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and risk communication at SMKN “X” Pekanbaru. It was a quasi-experimental study involving 52 students. The participants were randomized into two groups, 26 in the experimental group and 26 in the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by t-test. The results showed there were significant differences in the mean changes in knowledge (p=0.000), attitudes (p=0.000), and self-efficacy (p=0.000) about sexual behavior in the experimental group receiving peer education compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the mean changes in the role of peer influence between the two groups (p = 0.725). Therefore, peer education as a method in sexual and reproductive health promotion and risk communication positively changed adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy about sexual behavior. Hence, it is suggested for schools to provide health promotion program regarding adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health in collaboration with the Pekanbaru City Health Office and supplement it with a peer education method.
Communication and organizational learning in adaptation of the Radio Republik Indonesia
Authors: Yudhapramesti Pandan , Mulyana Deddy , Maryani Eni , Sjuchro Dian Wardiana
Published: January 2022

Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) had been the state media during the New Order era. However, since the fall of that regime in 1998, followed by the ratification of the Broadcasting Law Number 32 of 2002, RRI’s status changed to a public broadcasting institution (LPP). The change requires an organizational adaptation process which is not easy in practice. This study finds that communication can be both a driving factor and an obstacle to the adaptation process within the RRI organization. This research aims to explore the operationalization of communication in the adaptation process of the RRI and reveal how the flow of communication builds the relationship between members of the RRI organization; how organizational communication works in the learning process within the organization; and the dynamics of organizational learning in the adaptation process of the RRI organization. The results indicate that the dynamics of communication flows affect the organization’s communication climate. Meanwhile, organizational communication operates in several ways, namely: communication is a means to acquire as well as to conceal knowledge among RRI employees; communication helps the members of the organization understand a phenomenon from different perspectives; communication flows affect the distribution of communications; communication can be an accelerator as well as a barrier to organizational learning abilities. This study suggests further research on the role of communication to promote the internalization values of an organization into strategic decisions and concrete actions and the research on the roles of organizational culture and local culture in organizational adaptation.
Comparison of communication skill between railroad crossing guards
Authors: Oktaria Dhina Setyo
Published: January 2022

Railroad Crossing Guard, commonly known as Penjaga Perlintasan Kereta Api (PJL), has a task in safeguarding the railroad crossing. In carrying out their task, PJL needs to communicate with other PJL and Train Dispatcher (PPKA) in the working area. Therefore, communication plays a critical role in the safety aspect. In 1987, the worst train accident happened in Indonesia’s history of railways, which was caused by miscommunication as the main factor of this accident. This study aims to improve communication skills for all PJL staff in Indonesia to achieve safety at railroad crossings. This study used primer data obtained from questionnaires distributed to 97 PJL individuals under Transportation Department (Dishub) and 97 PJL individuals under PT KAPM. Nowadays, PJL in Indonesia is under Dishub and PT KAPM. The sample was determined using Lemeshow’s formula because the number of subjects from previous studies was unknown or data on the exact number of all PJL in Indonesia was unavailable. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the Man Whitney U test. PJL under the Transportation Agency and PJL under PT KAPM did not understand the importance of recording communication when maintaining a railroad crossing. The Mann-Whitney U test inferential statistics analysis indicates that the hypothesis was accepted, namely differences in communication skills between PJL under Dishub and PJL under PT. KAPM. The average ranking value was obtained from the total comparison value of all variables from PJL of Dushub and PJL of PT KAPM, with the Mann- Whitney U test results was 79.90 and the average ranking value of PJL under PT. KAPM was 113.10.
Public’s perception on government’s public communication in handling covid-19
Authors: Prastowo FX Ari Agung , Priyatna Centurion Chandratama , Indarto Marroli Jeni
Published: January 2022

Covid Task Force was assigned to handle the spread of the covid-19 virus, which keeps increasing and has caused loss of life and materials in various sectors. The task force is required to act quickly and accurately and keep focused, integrated, and synergic with ministries and regional government institutions. In doing its duty, the task force made many efforts, including implementing medical approaches such as preparing reliable medical staff and hospital facilities, implementing legal approaches such as issuing regulations to limit people from gathering or doing activities that may attract many people, and implementing communicative approach by delivering persuasive messages to encourage people to participate in accelerating covid-19 alleviation efforts. Communication strategies are implemented through various media to disseminate persuasive messages. Communicators are also trained to be a source of information regarding handling covid-19. They have to disseminate information to the public concerning strategies that the government is implementing to support and trust the government’s efforts.  In addition, the government also has to compose persuasive communication to encourage people to follow regulations and recommendations to suppress the spread of covid-19.  The government’s public communication efforts can succeed when it involves all communication channels, both the conventional and the new media, such as online and social media. In a crisis, media should be used as a friendly platform; therefore, through the task force, the government should provide complete and comprehensive information in the media.
Correlation Between Spiritual Intelligence and Self-efficacy Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wantiyah Wantiyah , Ulansari Wiwit , Deviantony Fitrio
Published: January 2022

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a cardiovascular disease affecting the patient’s life both psychologically and physically. Therefore it can reduce patients’ quality of life. Self-efficacy is one crucial factor that can improve the quality of life of patients with CHD to control risk factors. spiritual intelligence can make a person more able to interpret the life and have a positive meaning in each event, to improve the quality of life. This study used a descriptive correlation research design with a cross-sectional approach. This research involved 138 CHD patients as respondents in RSD dr. Soebandi of Jember, East Java, Indonesia, obtained by accidental sampling method. Data were collected using a Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire and Cardiac Self-Efficacy (CSE). The analysis of data used is Somers’d test with a confidence level of 95% (α: 0.05). Respondent characteristics include age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, smoking history, and disease history. The results showed that 86.2% of CHD patients had high self-efficacy, and 55% of CHD patients had high spiritual intelligence. Analysis shows there is a strong correlation between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy (p = <0.001, r = 0.628, α: 0.05). The patients having high spiritual intelligence will have high self-efficacy. Spiritual intelligence comes from within the patient, which can be developed to improve the self-efficacy of CHD patients through the provision of holistic nursing care. Therefore, it is expected for nursing staff to assess patients’ spiritual intelligence, so they can provide appropriate nursing care so that patient self-efficacy can be improved, and patient health can be optimized.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Commitment and Ability of Families to Early Detection in Child Development
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , Utami Sri , Susilaningrum Rekawati
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Stunting is the public health problem in the world, stunting will affect to child’s growth and development. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting commitment and ability of families to detect child development.Methods: A Cross sectional study in 130 respondents in public health center of Surabaya which fill of the questionnaire via google form, online research questionnaire collection with anonymously collected through social media, namely Telegram, WhatsApp, Facebook which was conducted in June - September 2020. Data collection was performed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression with P value < 0.05.Results: The dominant factors affected commitment in early detection of stunting was community resources with a value of P = 0.006; Exp (B) = 1,948; CI = 0.888 - 4.272, this shows that community resources affect commitment 1-4 times compared to other variables. Supporting was dominant factors that affected ability to detect early stunting, a value of P = 0.000; Exp (B) = 11,827; CI 1.757-79.610, this shows that supporting affects the ability 1.7 - 79 times compared to other factors.Conclusion: Commitment and willingness behavior in early detection of stunting in children is an important role that every parent must have with the full support of the family. The main factor affecting family commitment is community resources and the main factor in the willingness to early detection is support, both support from family, community and all parties involved in handling stunting.
DÖRTGENLERİN AİLESEL İLİŞKİLERİNİN ÖĞRETİMİNDE GEOGEBRA PROGRAMI KULLANIMININ 8. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ERİŞİ DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: YILDIZ Esra , GÜLEŞ Ersin
Published: January 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, dörtgenler arası ilişkilerin GeoGebra 5.0 yazılımı ile öğretiminin 8. sınıf öğrenci başarısına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada deneysel araştırma yöntemlerinden ön test-son test kontrol gruplu zayıf deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2017-2018 bahar döneminde, Karadeniz bölgesinde bir il merkezinde devlet okulundaki 15'i deney 15'i kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 30 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamalar aynı öğretmen tarafından, deney grubunda GeoGebra ile, kontrol grubunda ise manipülatifler ile hazırlanan benzer içerikli aktiviteler yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, açık uçlu, doğru–yanlış ve test sorularından oluşan 7 soruluk ölçme aracı kullanılmış ve deney öncesi ve sonrasında ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışma 5 hafta sürmüştür. Nicel verilerin analizi, SPSS.22 programı ile bağımlı ve bağımsız gruplar t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. GeoGebra veya manipülatif kullanımının, öğrenci erişi düzeyini artırma açısından bir farklarının olmadığı söylenebilir.
Is Pretransplantation Overweight and Obesity still a Nightmare for Kidney Transplantation Outcomes?
Authors: Carvalho João , Nunes Pedro , Antunes Hugo , Tavares-da-Silva Edgar , Parada Belmiro , Roseiro António , Ferreira Carlos , Figueiredo Arnaldo
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Obesity is an increasingly common disease in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease candidates for renal transplantation. It is an important factor that should be addressed in the period before renal transplantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pretransplantation body mass index (BMI) in graft and recipient outcomes.

Material and Methods: An observational retrospective analysis of 913 kidney transplantations was performed between September 2010 and May 2017. Recipients were categorized in groups: obesity (group 1), overweight (group 2) and normal BMI (group 3). A preoperative protocol was used: recipient and donor characteristics, perioperative data, graft and patient survival were evaluated. The software used was IBM SPSS Statistics 23: p value of < 0.05 was considered statiscally significant.

Results: Overweight was observed in 36.2% and obesity in 12.3%. In groups 1 and 2, there was a higher prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus compared with group 3 (17.9%, 16.4%, 6.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Recipient creatinine serum levels at first and third months were also statistically different. Both groups 1 and 2 showed higher surgery duration and postoperative length of stay. It was noticed a lower immediate diuresis rate in group 1 (63.2%) and in group 2 (80.4%), p < 0.0001. Perioperative complications were more prevalent in groups 1 and 2, especially lymphocele formation (21.4% and 7.7%, respectively, versus 3.6%) and wound dehiscence (21.4% and 5.8%, respectively, versus 1.2%), p < 0.05. No statistically differences were seen in graft and patient survival.

Conclusion: Pretransplantation weight is important in renal transplantation: worse renal function in the first and third months, longer surgery duration and postoperative length of stay, higher delayed graft function rate and a higher prevalence of lymphocele formation and wound dehiscence were noticed in both non-normal weight groups. However, obese and overweight groups showed similar survival and long-term outcome comparing with normal BMI recipients.
Fatores Preditivos de Retorno Hospitalar Inesperado Após Ressecção Transuretral de Tumor Vesical
Authors: Marques Vera , Eliseu Miguel , Tavares-da-Silva Edgar , Rolo Francisco , Figueiredo Arnaldo
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Pretende-se avaliar que fatores estão associados a um retorno hospitalar inesperado (RHI) após a realização de ressecção transuretral de tumor vesical (RTU-TV).

Material e Métodos: Realizado estudo exploratório transversal de todas as RTU-TV realizadas entre 2015-2016.

Resultados: Realizaram-se 499 RTU-TV em 389 doentes. Nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia, ocorreu RHI em 16,8% dos casos, com necessidade de reinternamento em 4,2%. A principal causa de RHI foi infeção do trato urinário (ITU) (38,1%). Verificou-se um RHI significativamente superior nos casos de tumor primário, de dimensões tumorais superiores, de RTU-TV incompleta, de necessidade de realização de procedimentos endoscópicos adicionais, de maior duração da cirurgia e da cateterização uretral (CU) e de valores pré-operatórios mais altos de proteína C reativa (PCR) e mais baixos de hemoglobina. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se uma associação forte e independente entre a ocorrência de RHI e duração da cirurgia (OR = 1,016), duração da CU (OR = 1,059), e valores médios de PCR pré-operatória (OR = 1,131).

Conclusão: Um RHI precoce após RTU-TV ocorreu em quase 17% dos casos, sobretudo devido a ITU. Por cada minuto de cirurgia adicional, por cada dia adicional de CU e por cada unidade adicional de PCR pré-operatória, existe um aumento do risco de RHI de 1,6%, 5,9% e 13,1%, respetivamente. Sendo a PCR uma variável não modificável, cabe ao cirurgião otimizar o tempo operatório e, sobretudo, a duração da CU de modo a reduzir a probabilidade de RHI.
Konstruksi Makna Setara Melalui Perilaku Patriarkis Perempuan di Ruang Domestik dan Publik
Authors: Miranti Adita , Wibawa Raja Satria
Published: January 2022

Gender basically discusses the meaning of equality between women and men in various aspects of life. The existence of men and women are two entities that are often distinguished in terms of sex and the roles that must be performed gender so that the potential to cause disparity. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the construction of the meaning of "equal" in the study of gender equality is based on the perspective of men and women. This study uses a case study research method with in-depth interview techniques, observation, and literature review in the form of books, journals, and relevant articles. The results of this study indicate that the meaning of equality is generally closely related to women who are often treated unfairly and become inferior. The construction of the meaning of "equal" now turns out to be able to discredit men through the dogmatic state that develops in society. On the other hand the situation of gender equality is currently experiencing a shift in behavior, namely the emergence of superiority of women over men in the public and domestic spheres.
Strategi Lobi Dan Negosiasi Dalam Mendapatkan Sponsorship Pada Event IKOM Entrepreneurship Fest 2020
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Nurikhsan Farhan , Jamil Hidayat Purwanto , Safitri Dini
Published: January 2022

Ikom Entrepreneurship Fest (IEF) 2020 is a webinar event that aims to educate the public, MSME owners, or prospective business people to be able to take advantage of social media to support their business. This event uses a source of funding in the form of sponsorship. To find sponsors, both lobbying and negotiation strategies are needed so that cooperation can run well. The purpose of this research is to find out how the lobbying and negotiation strategies are used by the Public Relations of the IEF 2020 event in obtaining sponsorship for the event. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach and interviews as data collection techniques. The type of data obtained by researchers in this study is primary data. The results of this study state that the lobbying strategy used by the Public Relations of the IEF 2020 event is a direct lobbying strategy with a transactional and networking approach. The negotiation strategy used in this study is the Win-Win negotiation strategy.
Efficacy and tolerability of system isotretinoin and effect of this therapy on the quality of life of patients with severe and moderate acne
Authors: Khardikova Svetlana A. , Shirshkova Veronika I. , Dmitruk Vadim S. , Skrylova Ksenia A. , Kornetova Elena G. , Kornetov Aleksandr N. , Urazova Olga I. , Kolobovnikova Yuliya V.
Published: January 2022

Background. The relationship between acne and depression is being actively studied by the medical community. Question is depression a restriction in prescribing or a side effect when using systemic isotretinoin remains controversial. Noteworthy is the presence in the scientific literature of data on the possible positive effect of adequately and timely prescribed acne therapy on the psychoemotional state of patients with this ailment.
Aims. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy with systemic isotretinoin in patients with moderate and severe acne, to assess the effect of the therapy on the quality of life of patients, as well as the persistence of remission after the end of the course of therapy with systemic retinoid.
Methods. We observed 32 patients with moderate and severe acne, the average age of patients was 24 years, the duration of the disease was on average 8 years. All patients underwent therapy with systemic isotretinoin (Sotret) at an average daily dose of 0.51.0 mg/kg until a cumulative dose of 120150 mg/kg was reached. The effectiveness and tolerability of the therapy was assessed, as well as the quality of life of patients was assessed using the dermatological index of the quality of life (DQL), the dermatological akne index (DIA), the HADS scale (anxiety and depression scale). The indicators were assessed before the start of therapy, during therapy, at the end of the course of treatment with systemic isotretinoin, and also 12 months after the end of therapy.
Results. 100% of patients achieved clinical remission as a result of treatment with systemic isotretinoin.
Before starting therapy with systemic isotretinoin, the indices were as follows: DQL 18 (1520), HADS 10 (716) and DIA 13 (615) scores. By the end of the therapy, the indices decreased to 1 (01), 2 (04) and 1 (01) points, respectively (p 0.001).
12 months (year) after the end of therapy with systemic isotretinoin, the indices remained at zero or one level in all patients: DQL 1 (01), HADS 0 (01) and CIA 1 (01) points (p 0.001).
Conclusion. A causal relationship between the intake of systemic isotretinoin and the development of depression has not been established. Systemic isotretinoin therapy was effective in all patients (100%), was well tolerated and had a positive effect on the psychoemotional status of patients with acne. 12 months after the end of therapy with the drug Erase, stable remission of the disease was noted in all patients
A clinical case of borderline leprosy
Authors: Semyonova Viktoriya G. , Levicheva Yuliya Y. , Shelepova Tatyana N. , Nabieva Antonina R. , Nikonorov Aleksandr A. , Smolyannikova Vera A. , Kubanov Alexey A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Described a rare case of leprosy, borderline form in the active stage.
Aim. To present a clinical case of the development of leprosy with atypical manifestations in a patient outside a region endemic for leprosy.
Case report. A 67-year-old patient from 2018 to 2020 received treatment for allergic dermatitis, pyoderma, no effect was observed; in 2020 he was examined for sarcoidosis, the diagnosis was not confirmed. In the Leprosy Research Institute, an examination was carried out, including a bacterioscopic examination of skin scarificates, a pathomorphological examination of skin biopsies, and molecular genetic methods.
Results. Based on complaints, anamnesis, examination data and physical examination, the results of clinical and laboratory examination, the diagnosis was made: leprosy, borderline form (ICD-10 A30.3), active stage.
Conclusion. The presented observation indicates that the variety of clinical manifestations of leprosy and the lack of alertness in relation to this disease, about the difficulty in establishing the correct clinical diagnosis in the patient, given the lack of history of data on contact with patients with leprosy.
Clinical and epidemiological trends in childhood leprosy: A 20-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Jammu, North India
Authors: Sakral Arti , Dogra Naina , Dogra Devraj , Sharma Kamna
Published: January 2022

Background

Slightly more than half the total number of childhood leprosy cases worldwide are from India.

Aim

To analyze the clinical and epidemiological trends of childhood leprosy over 20 years in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

We retrieved the medical records of all children less than 15 years of age registered in the leprosy clinic between April 1998 and March 2018. We tabulated and analyzed data pertaining to demographic details along with clinical findings such as cutaneous lesions, nerves involved, sensory loss, deformities, reactions, smear status, histopathology and treatment.

Results

Out of total 1548 leprosy cases registered during the study period, 55 (3.55%) cases of childhood leprosy were diagnosed. Thirty five (63.6%) children were in the age group of 11–15 years and 83.7% were migrants from other states. Thirteen (23.6%) children reported contact with a diagnosed case of leprosy, mainly in close contacts. Fifty three (96.4%) children presented with cutaneous lesions while 2 (3.6%) had pure neural involvement. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was the most common clinical presentation in 27 (49.1%) followed by borderline lepromatous leprosy in 11 (18%). Thickened peripheral nerve trunks were detected in 42 (76.4%), most commonly the ulnar nerve. Reactional episodes occurred in 12 (21.8%) cases (Type 1 reaction, 10 (18.2%); Type 2 reaction, 2 (3.6%)). Grade 2 disability was detected in 4 (7.3%). Multidrug therapy was started in all patients, multibacillary (MB) regimen in 42 (76.3%) patients and paucibacillary (PB) regimen in 13 (23.7%). Twenty five (45.4%) children defaulted from the treatment. On comparing the data of 2008-18 with that of the previous decade (1998–2007), there was a higher proportion of migrant cases as compared to local cases (3:1–11:1) and MB cases as compared to PB cases (2:1–6:1). The proportion of treatment defaulters declined from 60% to 36%.

Limitations

Relapse rate could not be calculated due to inadequate follow-up period. As it is a hospital-based retrospective study with no active surveys, these findings may not reflect trends in the community.

Conclusion

Childhood leprosy continues to be a significant problem. There is a clear need to strengthen early detection, treatment and regular follow-up of these cases in both high and low endemic settings.
Dural leakage due to ipsilateral needle placement for spinal level localization in unilateral decompression surgery: A case report
Authors: Andereggen Lukas , Luedi Markus M.
Published: January 2022

Background:

A spinal dural defect caused by needle placement for spinal level localization is an uncommon complication of cerebrospinal fluid leak with the potential for the development of intracranial hypertension.

Case Description:

Our 48-year-old patient underwent unilateral fenestration and sequestrectomy for intractable L5 radiculopathy due to disc herniation at the level L4–5 on the right side. The spinal level was identified with fluoroscopy after placement of a 24-gauge Sprotte spinal needle on the right side. Intraoperatively, a sub-millimeter spinal dural defect was visualized on the ipsilateral side.

Conclusion:

Caution is needed when needle placement is used to localize the spinal level for unilateral surgery.
Spine surgery complexity score predicts outcomes in 671 consecutive spine surgery patients
Authors: Azizkhanian Ida , Alcantara Ryan , Ballinger Zachary , Cho Edward , Dore Silvi , Gatzofilas Stergios , Hossain Raeesa Habiba , Honig Jesse , Matluck Nicole , Ogulnick Jonathan V. , Rothbaum Michael , Rybkin Iliya , Smith Harrison , Tung Brian , Kazim Syed Faraz , Miller Ivan , Schmidt Meic H. , Cole Chad D. , Bowers Christian A.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The spine surgery complexity score (SSCS), previously reported by us, is a simple grading system to predict postoperative complications and hospital length of stay (LOS). This scale is based on the technical difficulty of the spinal procedures being performed.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective chart review to validate SSCS in 671 consecutive patients undergoing spine procedures at a quaternary academic hospital.

Results:

The SSCS was predictive of the hospital LOS and postoperative complications (defined by the ClavienDindo score), based on linear regression analysis (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:

Categorizing procedures according to the SSCS may enable neurosurgeons to assess surgical risk and predict longer LOS courses after spine surgery. Thus, it may prove useful in preoperative patient evaluation/ education and determining a prognosis based on surgical complexity.
Intradural Extramedullary Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma of the Craniovertebral Junction during Pregnancy: Observations and Outcomes
Authors: Valenzuela Fabiola , Desai Sohum
Published: January 2022

Background:

Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanoma is a rare lesion derived from neural crest precursors. While its management is analogous to metastatic spinal melanoma, the literature does not describe this entity clearly in pregnant patients and the unique implications it presents. Here, we describe the case of a pregnant patient who presented with primary CNS melanoma of the cervical spine.

Case Description:

A 27-year-old pregnant patient presented with a 3-month history of neck and interscapular pain. MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated a ventral intradural extramedullary mass adjacent to the C2-C3 vertebral bodies causing severe cord compression. The patient was induced at 31 weeks and shortly thereafter developed quadriparesis and became obtunded. The patient underwent emergent right-sided C1 hemilaminectomy, complete C2-C4 laminectomy, and right-sided intradural division of the dentate ligaments for removal of the ventral intradural mass. Full neurological recovery was achieved before discharge. At follow-up, the infant was found to be negative for transplacental metastasis. We performed fractionated radiotherapy 4 weeks after index surgery. Nine months following index surgery, she presented with severe axial neck pain. Radiographs of the cervical spine demonstrated postlaminectomy kyphosis. The patient later underwent a posterior cervical fusion. She was recurrence-free 9 months follow-up.

Conclusion:

The differential for intradural extramedullary spinal lesions should include schwannoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, metastasis, and melanoma. Physicians caring for pregnant patients with melanoma should be aware of the potential for transplacental metastasis and perform follow-up for fetal complications.
TOEFL iBT Speaking, Goal – orientation and self-assessment a study of Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Barzgarn Forough , Ghaemi Hamed
Published: January 2022

Owing to the growing attention to learner's independence and autonomy, self-assessment has received considerable attention in recent years. Nevertheless, this notion is not well-known to most English language teachers and students in Iran where traditional assessment is still dominant. This study explored the effect of self-assessment on EFL learners’ TOEFL iBT speaking score, goal orientation as well as scrutinizing the relationship between Iranian EFL learners' goal-orientation and their speaking scores in TOEFL iBT test. To do so, 72 advanced EFL learners who were both male and female studying in Jahan Elm institute of higher education in Mashhad, Iran participated in the current study. Experimental group consisted of 36 EFL learners while control group encompassed 36 EFL learners. All participants took TOEFL iBT test, goal orientation questionnaire during the first and final week of the semester (i.e. pretest, posttest) and being trained through the TOEFL iBT software. Independent sample t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to find the difference between the two groups in terms of their speaking scores and goal orientated behavior and to find the relationship between goal orientation and speaking score of TOEFL iBT test. Results from the two post measurements indicated that students in the experimental group showed statistically significant gains on speaking scores and their goal orientated behavior as compared with the control group. Moreover, outcomes illustrated the existence of significant positive correlation between the learning goal orientation and TOEFL iBT speaking scores of EFL learners. In sum, the results of this study suggest that self-assessment should be integrated into regular TOEFL iBT preparation courses in order to help TOEFL iBT candidates become independent learners and ultimately achieve more satisfactory results in English proficiency tests, particularly TOEFL iBT test.
CO2/CH4 Sorption Behavior of Glassy Polymeric Membranes Based on Dual Mode Sorption Model
Authors: Askari Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Among the various transport models for gas separation via membrane, the best description is done by solution-diffusion model. The main parameters of this model are the sorption and diffusion of the penetrant through the membrane. Studies conducted by various researchers in the field of gas separation indicate that the thermodynamic interaction (sorption effects) in glassy polymers has the major role in the diffusivity, permeability, and selectivity of the membrane, especially in the multi-component gas mixture. In glassy polymers, dual-mode sorption model is frequently used to describe the equilibrium sorption behavior of a polymer-gas system and, based on this sorption model; the permeation behavior is described by the partial immobilization model. In this study, the difference between the sorption mechanism of CO2 and CH4 in glassy polymeric membranes was analyzed by separating the sorption mode and introducing P50/50 parameter (the pressure at which the contribution of both Henry and Langmuir sorption is equal), which was done using the available experimental data in the scientific references for the sorption values of CO2 and CH4. The contribution of the sorbed molecules in Henry and Langmuir sites was investigated and its changes with pressure were evaluated for CO2 and CH4 permeation. This study was also attempted to provide a correct definition of F factor, used in references, in the form of the multiplication of mobile concentration ratios (CHmobile/CH) by the diffusivity coefficients in two modes (DH/DD).
A Study on the Relationship between Resilience and Turnover Intention: With an Emphasis on the Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Job Stress
Authors: Ghandi Parastoo , Hejazi Elahe , Ghandi Nahid
Published: January 2022

This study attempted to investigate the relationship between resilience, job satisfaction, job stress and turnover intention among counselors through path analysis. For this purpose, 207 counselors at Shahriar-based schools were randomly selected as sample. Then, the subjects filled several questionnaires including Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003); Job Satisfaction by Rutherford et al. (2009); Job Stress by Stanimter (1997) and Turnover Intention by Babakas et al. (2009). The findings obtained through path analysis showed that resilience had a positive, significant and direct effect on job satisfaction, while the direct effect of resilience on job stress was negative and significant. Moreover, job satisfaction had a significantly negative effect on turnover, while job stress had a significant direct effect on turnover intention. The effect of job stress on job satisfaction was negative and significant. The results showed that the relationship between resiliency and turnover was mediated by job satisfaction and job stress.
The role of happiness components in educational performance and self-esteem in primary high school's female students of Shiraz Education district 4 in the academic year 1394-1395
Authors: Zareiyan Sima , Taheri Abdol Mohammad
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of available research is to determine the role of happiness components in educational performance and self-esteem of primary high school female students of Shiraz education district 4 in the academic year 1394-1395. The research method is survey-descriptive and correlational. The research statistical community was including all primary high school female students of 4 district Shiraz, 6000 persons. 354 persons was chosen accidently according to MORGAN table. To achieve this purpose, the multi stage cluster sampling was used. The tools have been used in the research are rejuvenating certain questionnaire and also standard questionnaires for determining the educational performance and self-esteem. After presenting the experts opinions and redundancy the validity content was reported respectively by the happiness questionnaire 0.86, the educational performance questionnaire 0.79, and the self-esteem questionnaire 0.85. The results achieved by hypothesis test shows that happy schools are not effective on students’ educational performance significantly. The autocratic management method is effective on the students’ educational performance. The personal factors, educational factors, socio-cultural factors, skeletal factors, the participatory management method were not effective on students’ educational performance. The hypothesis also shows that the autocratic management method can predict the educational performance variable compared to other components. Finally, the hypothesis shows that the participatory management method and autocratic management method are effective on students' self-esteem and other components are not effective on self-esteem and the independent variable of autocratic management method, participatory management method and educational factors can predict self-esteem significantly.
Sociolinguistic Aspects of the Speech Act of Greeting in Persian and English
Authors: Moradi Roozbeh
Published: January 2022

The present study investigates the sociolinguistic aspects of the speech act of greeting and its differences regarding expressive or productive forms of greeting in Persian and English. Contrastive studies of speech acts of different languages could help to overcome the gap that might happen in interpersonal communication among the speakers of various languages. The current paper focuses on the descriptive sociolinguistic analysis of the speech act of ‘greeting’ and the style of greetings in the mentioned languages. We have used different methods like questionnaire, observation, interview, introspection and statistical analysis to collect data. The materials, which were analyzed, involve Persian greetings that take place in real-life situations and English greetings recorded in audiovisual materials downloaded from the internet. The results show that social contexts have their influence on expressing the speech act of greeting in both Persian and English, and that each language has its own peculiarities and even some similarities with the other one. We have defined how greeting operates in our life.
Synthesis of Cobalt nanoparticles by Complex Demolition Method Using the Reaction between Organic Ligand Schiff base and Cobalt Chloride by Ultrasonication
Authors: Hoseyni Seyed Jalal , Manoochehri Mahboobe , Asli Maryam Daghighi
Published: January 2022

The present article deals with the formation of cobalt nanoparticle from cobalt (II) chloride salt and Schiff base ligand derived from para-chloro-aniline and 3-nitro benzaldehyde. Through the method, instead of using the sol-gel or thermal degradation methods, ultrasound device is used to synthesize the existing nanoparticles. During ligand synthesis method to ensure the formation of Schiff base ligand, IR-profile Jasco4200FT-IR spectrometer was used in the contexts of KBr tablets. Finally, to ensure the formation of nanoparticles, an EM32000 electron scanner microscope was used.
A Pathological Study on Legal Status of Supreme Councils in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: IRAJ Mohsen
Published: January 2022

The multiplicity of institutions prescribing behavioral rules is one of the law-based orders in Iran. Although the Iranian Constitution is legislated at Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis) and the validity of its decisions are bound to approval from the Council of Guardians, the same law has established those institutions assigning that authority. One instance of such institutions is the Supreme National Security Council whose decisions are applicable after approval from by the Supreme Leader. The Supreme Administrative Council and the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution are other instance of such institutions. Undoubtedly, this multiplicity threatens the establishment of order under law. Therefore, it is necessary to outline the status of approvals by each of those bodies in the hierarchy of legal sources in order to mitigate the scope of threat. This paper intended to describe the supreme councils from that very perspective, making an effort to assess the relationships between those institutions and the governing branches in the country and examining their status in the Iranian administrative system.
New Approach in Video Summarization Based on Color Feature
Authors: Sarmadi Saeideh
Published: January 2022

Video summarization is a process to create a meaningful summary of the recorded video within a short period of time. In recent years due to increase in generating videos, we need to summarize videos. General video summarization methods are divided into static and dynamic. Static summary is done by using key frames. However, the dynamic video summarization includes a sequence of small video shots that have been put together in chronological order. In this paper, video summarization is done by using static method and color-based key frame extraction. Then by applying the super resolution algorithm on selected key frames, we obtained frames with higher visual quality. The summarization was performed on several videos. Simulation results show our method produces summaries with high visual quality and computational speed.
Composition chimique et activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Lavandula officinaliscultivées dans la région de Skikda - Algérie.
Authors: Boughendjioua Hicham
Published: January 2022

Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer la composition chimique et d’évaluer l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle des sommités fleuries sèches de la lavande (Lavandula officinalis). L’analyse de l’huile essentielle par CG/SM a permis d’identifier 20 composés terpéniques dont les principaux sont : Linalyl acétate (32,98 %), Linalool (28,92 %), β-caryophyllène (4.62 %), Acétate de lavandulyle (4.52 %), Z-β-ocimène (4.44 %), terpinène-4-ol (4,32 %), E-β-ocimène (3.09 %) et β-farnésène (2.73 %). L’évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne in vitro sur trois cocci Gram+ : streptocoque β -hémolytique du groupe A, Staphylococcus aureus et Staphylococcus epidermidis, souvent cause de la majorité des infections cutanées ont révélé un pouvoir antibactérien.