bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUKMAWATI MEMBANINGKAN NABI MUHAMMAD SAW DENGAN Ir SOEKARNO DENGAN NASIONALISME VS AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: kamalin laila nur
Published: November 2019

Viralnya kasus sukmawati membandingkan NAbi Muhammad SAW dengan Ir Soekarno. Membuat beberapa pihak melayangkan protes terhadap pidatonya yg dianggap melecehkan agama Islam. Bukan hanya hal tersebut, sukmawati juga sempat menyinggung pentingnya antara pancasila dengan Al-Quran. Beberapa tahun terakhir memang sedang banyak kontroversi merendahkan agama yang menyangkut pautkan nasionalisme dengan Agama Islam. Banyak para tokoh bangsa Indonesia yang tersangkut pada kontroversi merendahkan agama. Merupakan hal yang seharusnya cukup disadari oleh para tokoh bangsa Indonesia bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki berbagai macam suku, bangsa, dan agama. Bukan hal yang elok membandingkan nasionalisme dengan salah satu hal tersebut apalagi dengan agama yang merupakan hal yang privat bagi masing-masing warga Indonesia. Sudah seharusnya kita perlahan menghilangkan istilah 'nasionalisme vs Agama Islam', jadikanlah agama sebagai salah satu panutan untuk menciptakan nasionalisme yang lebih baik. Biarkanlah perbedaan menjadi salah satu hal yang saling mendukung nasionalisme negara Indonesia, biarkan perbedaan-perbedaan menjadi pemerkuat dan penyatu dari warga Indonesia sehingga bisa menjadikan bangsa Indonesia menjadi lebih baik lagi.
BULLYING TERHADAP SENIOR DAN JUNIOR
Authors: Setyo Kurniawan
Published: December 2019

Kasus bullying masih sering terjadi dikalangan remaji tidakan ini dilakukan secara disengaja maupun tidak disengaja, tindakan kejahatan tersebut menyerang mentalitas sesorang hingga stress dan depresi yang berkelanjutan. Pada kasus kali ini bullying terjadi di suatu instansi dengan alasan mengikuti suatu kegiatan yang diwajibkan sehingga bullying terjadi hingga menimbulkan korban. Bullying terjadi karena modus balas dendam yang berkelanjutan hingga turun temurun, sehingga bullying masih sering terjadi.
PERLUNYA MENGUBAH POLA PIKIR DENGAN BERFILSAFAT UNTUK KASUS MEMBUANG SAMPAH
Authors: Zain Bachtiar Rachman
Published: December 2019

Sampah, masalah yang sering terdengar di berbagai wilayah. Contohnya adalah Negara Indonesia, dimana populasi penduduk yang sangat tinggi yang juga menyebabkan jumlah sampah semakin meningkat. Disamping jumlah sampah yang meningkat, baik sampah organik maupun yang bukan organik. Tidak banyak pula penduduk yang menerapkan membuang sampah pada tempatnya, hal ini berhubungan dengan pola pikir sederhana dimana masyarakat secara normal tahu bahwa sampah harusnya dibuang ditempat sampah, bukan di sembarang tempat. Namun tidak semua yang ”tahu” itu memahami, bahkan menerapkan. Maka diperlukan perubahan pola pikir, dengan berpikir dalam maka perubahan pola pikir bisa dicapai. Maka filsafat manusia hadir untuk bisa membantu merubah pola pikir tiap individu, dari mengulas hal yang paling sederhana yaitu konteks membuang sampah. Dimulai permulaan membahas mengenai sampah yang menjadi masalah dimanapun, pembahasan filsafat sebagai proses berfikir dimana sejatinya manusia diciptakan dengan kemampuan berpikir yang nantinya juga akan berhubungan dengan pola pikir, filsafat manusia yang berhubungan dengan individu, esensi dari manusia sendiri, intelek dan kehendak manusia yang sejatinya manusia itu tahu, mau dan bebas, sehingga tiap poin akan selalu dihubungkan dengan kasus utama yaitu sampah, atau secara menyeluruh ditinjau dari sudut pandang filsafat manusia, untuk melahirkan sudut pandangan baru, pola pikir baru mengenai hal sederhana yaitu salah satunya dalam kasus membuang sampah.
TEROR PENYIRIRAMAN AIR KERAS DI JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Ebit Montianus
Published: December 2019

Melihat keadaan Indonesia yang sangat memprihatinkan karena banyaknya kasus-kasus yang terjadi saat ini sepetrti kasus Penyiraman air keras di Jakarta Barat,kasus tersebut terjadi hanya karena masalah sederhana yaitu karena kurang perhatian dari seorang kakak perempuannya saat dirawat dirumah sakit tahun 2015.Namun seharusnya seorang pria tersebut tidak sampai melakukan hal tersebut kepada orang lain karena sangat membahayakan keselamatan orang lain, meskipun jika dilihat dari sudut pandanf filsafat yaitu mengenai INTELEK, DAN KEHENDAK. Dimana Intelek adalah soal mengerti, sedangkan kehendak adalah soal kemauan.Intelek memilah dan kehendak mengapresiasi.Maka dari itu manusia di satu pihak memiliki kebebasan, tetapi di lain pihak juga tergantung.Ketika manusia memutuskan,manusia bebas, tetapi setelah itu ia harus tunduk pada apa yang sudah di putuskan,contohnya seperti nilai dan norma yang ada pada tempat manusia berada.Hal itu mennyatakan bahwa sebebasnya manusia bertindak masih di batasi sebuah aturan atau hukum yang disepakati bersama.
Referee height influences decision making in British football leagues.
Authors: McCarrick Dane Jamie , Brewer Gayle , Lyons Minna , Pollet Thomas Victor , Neave Nicholas
Published: December 2019

Male height is positively associated with social dominance, and more agonistic/competitive behaviours. However, the ‘Napoleon complex’ or ‘small man syndrome’ suggests that smaller males are more assertive and punitive to compensate for lack of height and social dominance. Here we assess possible relationships between height and punitive behaviours in a real-world setting. Using a non-experimental correlational design, we analysed data on 61 male association football referees from four professional leagues in England, and explored relationships between their height and punitive behaviours.
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITASADAT TERPENCIL (KAT) SUKU BONAI
Authors: Mayliza Mayliza , Adianto Adianto
Published: November 2019

Strategi Pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil (KAT) Suku Bonai. KomunitasAdat Terpencil (KAT) merupakan salah satu isu di Indonesia dan juga menjadi sebuah isu dantantangan bagi pemerintah daerah salah satunya Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Masyarakat KAT masihada dan tersebar di pelosok ataupun daerah perbatasan yang lokasinya secara geografis relativesulit dijangkau dan pada umumnya jauh tertinggal secara ekonomi maupun sosial politik dibandingkandengan masyarakat yang hidup secara umum. Masyarakat KAT suku bonai merupakanbagian dari masyarakat Kabupaten Rokan Hulu yang juga memiliki kewajiban dan hak yang samauntuk berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan dan juga merasakan hasil dari pembangunan di KabupatenRokan Hulu. Melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat komunitas adat terpencil (KAT) yang menjaditanggung jawab pemerintah daerah. Dinas Sosial Pemberdayan Perempuan dan PerlindunganAnak menjadi penanggung jawab dalam implementasi program pemberdayaan masyarakat KATsuku bonai diharapkan mampu membantu mereka keluar dari kehidupan perbatasan dan pedalamanmenuju kehidupan yang lebih baik. Kajian ini merupakan studi literature dari berbagai referensiyang ada, kemudian data tersebut dikemas dan digali sebagai bahan data dan informasi yangdapat memberikan gambaran tentang Strategi pemberdayaan Komunitas Adat Terpencil diKabupaten Rokan Hulu. Strategi dalam pemberdayaan merupakan suatu cara dengan memanfaatkansumber daya yang dimiliki dan peluang yang ada dalam mengahadapi kelemahan serta tantangan dalam memberdayakan komunitas adat terpencil Suku Bonai.
TINJAUAN PENGADAAN PERANGKAT PENGOLAH DATA DAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Bandiyono Agus , Andiani Sri
Published: November 2019

Tinjauan Pengadaan Perangkat Pengolah Data dan Komunikasi. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran secara langsung mengenai sistem pelelangan secarasederhana di Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Sulawesi dan membandingkanproses Pengadaan Barang/Jasa berupa Perangkat Pengolah Data dan Komunikasi dengan metodelelang yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Sulawesi denganPeraturan Presiden Nomor 4 Tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Keempat Atas Peraturan PresidenNomor 54 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan untuk memperoleh dan menganalisis data adalah: metode penelitian lapangan yang terdiriatas teknik wawancara dan teknik observasi serta metode penelitian kepustakaan. Hasilnya yaitumengetahui pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pengadaan perangkat pengolah data dankomunikasi melalui metode pelelangan sederhana, pihak tersebut adalah Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran,Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen, Pejabat Penerima Hasil Pekerjaan, Pejabat Penandatanganan SPM,Pejabat Pengadaan Barang/Jasa, Bendahara Pengeluaran, Staf Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen, Panitiadari Kelompok Kerja Unit Layanan Pengadaan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Gambaranpengadaan barang pada Kanwil DJBC Sulawesi dimulai dari penyusunan dokumen pengadaan,penyusunan harga perkiraan sendiri, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyusunan jadwal pengadaanoleh ULP Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, memasang pengumuman lelang, melaksanakan proses lelang,sampai dengan mengumumkan pemenang lelang telah dilaksanakan. Berikutnya, penyedia barang/jasa yang ditunjuk sebagai pemenang menandatangani dengan Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen dariKanwil DJBC Sulawesi. Setelah itu, penyedia melaksanakan kontrak, melakukan serah terimabarang dan menyelesaikan pekerjaannya, hingga pencairan dana yang tercantum dalam kontrak.
Studi Sintesis Analog Piokelin III: Sintesis Asam 3-Asetil-2-(2-(2-Hidroksifenil)- 4,5-Dihidrotiazol-4-Il)Tiazolidine-4-Karboksilat
Authors: Zamri Adel
Published: December 2019

The total syntheses of 3-acetyl-2-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-yl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a new pyochelin analog is described. The molecule intermediate 4’-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,3,4,5,2’,5,-hexahydro- [2,2’]bithiazolil-4-carboxylic acid was obtained in 4 steps reaction from 2-hydroxybenzonitrile in good yields. The Nacetylation of molecule intermediate was carried out by acetic anhydride to produce pyochelin analog in moderate yields.
Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) pada Hati Mencit Jantan Galur Swiss induksi dengan CCl4
Authors: Nugraha Ari Satia , Hadi Ninisita Sri , Siwi Sri Untari
Published: December 2019

A research on red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) has been conducted to determine its hepatoprotective effect.This research was concern on three group of treatments, a blank treatment (water), a standard drug (curcuminecontaining) and red fruit extract treatment group. The liver destruction was induced by CCl 4. The hepatoprotectiveeffect was illustrated by SGOT – SGPT level of activity and percentage of cell destruction obtained from histopatogolicanalysis. Compared to the blank group, which had level of SGOT-SGPT activity as 38224,40  2,92 U/L and SGPT of24128,00  5,22 U/L, the red fruit treatment group showed a lower SGOT – SGPT activity (20112,4  2,68 U/L and18923,0  2,77 U/L, respectively); while the standard drug treatment group showed level of SGOT and SGPT activityas 29732,4  1,85 U/L and 20640,8  3,78 U/L, respectively. The histopatologic evaluation also illustrated similaritythat the red fruit treatment group occupied the lowest percentage of hepatocyte destruction shown as percentageof cell degeneration and cell necrosis of 28,3% and 31,7%, respectively. The standard drug treatment showed78,3% of destruction based on degenerative cell destruction and 88,3% based on cell necrosis. Almost 100% of celldestruction was shown in the blank group. Based on these result, the red fruit extract possessed a liver cellprotection activity against cell destruction caused by CCl4 exposure and even more active than a standard drug.
Statistical Significance Test for Neural Network Classification
Authors: Rezeki Sri , Subanar Subanar , Guritno Suryo
Published: December 2019

Model selection in neural networks can be guided by statistical procedures, such as hypothesis tests, informationcriteria and cross validation. Taking a statistical perspective is especially important for nonparametric models likeneural networks, because the reason for applying them is the lack of knowledge about an adequate functionalform. Many researchers have developed model selection strategies for neural networks which are based onstatistical concepts. In this paper, we focused on the model evaluation by implementing statistical significancetest. We used Wald-test to evaluate the relevance of parameters in the networks for classification problem.Parameters with no significance influence on any of the network outputs have to be removed. In general, theresults show that Wald-test work properly to determine significance of each weight from the selected model. Anempirical study by using Iris data yields all parameters in the network are significance, except bias at the firstoutput neuron.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit Mentah Menggunakan Katalis Padat Kalsium Karbonat yang Dipijarkan
Authors: Awaluddin Amir , ' Saryono , Nelvia Sri , ' Wahyuni
Published: December 2019

The demand for petroleum has increased recently due to the increase of world population, industries andtransportation. Biodiesel (fatty acids methyl esters) has become attractive because of high price of petroleum,limited recourses of crude oil, and environmental concerns. Most biodiesel is produced by transesterification oftriglycerides of refined/edible type oils using methanol and homogeneous catalyst such NaOH and KOH. The useof heterogeneous calcined CaCO3 catalyst, has advantages such as the ease of phase separation betweencatalyst and biodiesel. This paper presents factors affecting the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm using thecalcined CaCO3 catalyst . The synthesis is carried out by two steps, the acid-catalyzed pre-esterification of free-fatty acid and followed by base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides. A study of optimizing the reactioncondition of the esterification followed by transesterification of crude palm oil (CPO) is performed to obtainmaximum production of biodiesel. Under conditions of catalyst calcination temperature of 9000C, reactor time of1.5 hours, catalyst dosage of 1,5%, reaction temperature of 700C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9 : 1, the oilconversion is 74,6%. The as-synthesized biodiesel meets the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI)for biodiesel.
Senyawa Antibakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dari Kapang Endofit Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun
Authors: Melliawati Ruth , Harni Harni
Published: December 2019

Endophytic fungus is a microorganism which live in the interstitial spaces healthy tissues of the host plant, andhas capability to produce secondary metabolite such as micotoxin, antibiotic and antiviral. This research wasaimed to find out the isolates of endophytic fungus produce antibacterial compounds to inhibit Escerichia coliATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and to investigate the Retention time (Rt) of the antibacterialcompounds produced by endophytic fungus with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods.Diffusion Agar Plate Method was used to examine the antibacterial compounds on Escerichia coli ATCC 35218 andStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. While the antibacterial compounds were examined with Thin LayerChromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, and the result werecompared with Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin antibiotic standart. Two isolates of endophytic fungus namelyHl.46F.211 and HL.57F.258 were inhibited the growth Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and three isolates namelyHL.48F217, HL.53F.243 and HL.57F.258 showed antagonistic action against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.The results of TLC and HPLC analysing method show that antibacterial compounds produced by endophytic fungusHL.46F.211 had Rt (Retention Time) rate similar with antibiotic Chloramphenicol at 2,796 (at water fraction) and Rtantibiotic Amphycillin at 2,662 (at Chloroform fraction). While antibacterial compounds produced by endophyticfungus HL.57F.258 had Rt rate similar with antibiotic Amphycillin at 2,650 (at Chloroform fraction).
Pengaruh Sitokinin Eksogen dan Sukrosa terhadap Produksi Biomassa dan Alkaloid Canthinone di dalam Kultur Suspensi Sel Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)
Authors: Mahmud Siregar Luthfi Aziz
Published: December 2019

The effect of addition cytokinins and modification of sucrose concentration on growth and alkaloid canthinoneproduction in cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifilia Jack were studied. The additions of cytokines, BAand kinetin, show effect on the production of biomass and alkaloid in cell suspension of E. longifilia Jack. Theoptimum totals of two-alkaloids were obtained on addition 4.44 μM BAP and without kinetin, respectively. Theaddition of 4.44 μM BA (6-benzyladenine) into TAM medium stimulated increased total of 9-hydroxycanthine-6-one,but decreased total of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. While the addition of 2.32 - 9.29 μM kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine)into TAM medium decreased total of two alkaloids (from 0.582 mg to 0.461 - 0.257 mg per 25 ml medium). Whensucrose concentration in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 5%, production of biomass would increase from0.374 g to 0.585 g dry weight per 25 ml medium. While total of two-alkaloids increase from 0.328 mg to 0.441 mgper 25 ml medium when concentration of sucrose in TAM medium was increased from 3% to 4% sucrose.
Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf ) terhadap Produksi Verotoksin Escherichia coli Verotoksigenik
Authors: Cepeda Gino Nemesio , Hariyadi Ratih Dewanti , Supar Supar
Published: December 2019

Citronella was a spicy plant used as seasoning in Indonesian food. It was reported to have antimicrobial activity. Itsextract in form of volatile oil prepared by distilation can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. The objective of theresearch was to know the inhibition of ethanolic extract of the citronella on growth and verotoxin production ofverotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The assay of antimicrobial activity was done by using broth dilution and verocellassay. The results indicated that minimum inhibitory concentration of extract can inhibit effectively verotoxinproduction of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
Pemanfaatan Data Biologi Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) dalam Rangka Pengelolaan Perikanan Bertanggung Jawab di Perairan Teluk Bone
Authors: Jamal Muhammad , Sondita Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi , Haluan John , Wiryawan Budy
Published: December 2019

The Bone Bay is part of Fisheries Management Zone WPPI 713 that covers Makassar strait, Flores sea and Bali sea. To such vast marinearea, fisheries management can be started from smaller region, e.g. embayment waters. Biological characteristics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonuspelamis) are some of important information for developing fisheries management in the area. This research was aimed to determine length-weight relationship, size composititon, growth pattern and biologically feasible size of the fish. Data were obtained from fish caught byfisherman from Januari to December 2007. The bay was divided into three study areas, i.e. Northern, Centre and Southern Zones. The bcoefficients for length-weight relationship in the three zones were equal 3 [not significant]. The average fork-length (FL) in each zoneshowed similar trends: increased from January to June, then stabilized until December. Using von Bertalanffy’s growth model, the maximumFL (L ∞ of 759.75 mm is estimated for fish at age of 84 months. The length at first maturity of the fish is 465 mm (FL).
Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Indigenus pada Bibit Jahe untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Ralstonia solanacearum ras 4)
Authors: Suharti Netty , Habazar Trimurti , Nasir Nasril , Dachryanus Dachryanus , Jamsari Jamsari
Published: December 2019

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 is one of factors inhibiting ginger production. The study on ArbuscularMychorrizae Fungus (AMF) in greenhouse was found could reduce of bacteria wilt disease. Experiment design of research was randomizedblock design using 8 isolates. The results showed that inoculation of Arbuscular Mychorrhizae Fungus isolated from healthy gingerrhizosphere as biological diseases control agents could reduces disease severity. Four isolate could reduced disease severity up to 100% andsupport plant growth and production. As the result the seedling formation increased by 50–150%, plant height 36.92–87.56%, the numberof leaf 61.94–162.22% and ginger yield 190.62–400% respectively, compared to the control.
Pertumbuhan Jaringan Stipe dari Jamur Sagu (Volvariella sp) Endemik Papua dalam Kultur in vitro
Authors: Abbas Barahima , Listyorini Florentina Heningtyas , Martanto Eko Agus , Renwarin Yanuarius
Published: December 2019

Sago mushrooms are edible fungus which it grew naturally on decaying sago pith. The objectives of the research were defined an appropriate formulation medium for growth and development of stipe tissue of sago mushroom in order to result spawn stages. The parent of the tissues used as explants were selected from the best performance of sago mushroom which grew naturally. The research divided into three experiments: 1) Initiation of growth hyphae from stipe tissue; 2) hyphae proliferation; and 3) spawn formation. Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Knudson-C (KN) medium enriched 15 and 30% coconut water are the best medium for growth initiation and proliferation of hyphae. Both of these medium induced the explant grew rapidly and resulted vigorous hyphae. No different effect among concentration treatment of coconut water was observed for initiation and proliferation hyphae. The fact that all of the formulation medium used for spawn formation were able to induce spawn development become spawn stage. Even so, the best mediums for spawn formation were medium formulation 9 and 10.
Pengaruh Penambahan Sargassum sp. dan Inositol dalam Pakan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Daya Tahan Juvenil Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.)
Authors: Lestari Dwi , Widiastuti E. L. , Nurcahyani N. , Susanto G. N.
Published: December 2019

Gourami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) as one of the freshwater fishes, are easily to be cultured but slow in growth rate. One of the ways to enhance their growth rate is by feeding them with high nutritious food. Sargassum sp. and inositol are known compound able to stimulate the growth of some fishes. The study was conducted to determine the effect of Sargassum sp and inositol on commercial feed to the growth rate and survival of juvenile gouramy. The study was conducted from January to April 2015 in Aquatic Laboratory of Biology Department - University of Lampung. Completely randomized designed was used with 4 treatment groups and 5 replications. Anova and Tukey at 5% levels were applied to this study. The result indicated that addition of inositol and Sargassum sp on commercial food significantly affected the gourami growth parameters such as the body weight, body length, body width as well as juvenile gouramy spesific growth rate and their survival rate.
Perubahan Komposisi Kimiawi Produk Yogurt dengan Penambahan Kalsium Karbonat pada Kultur Starter Campuran
Authors: Safari Agus , Ghina Sarah Fahma , Djajasoepena Sadiah , ' O. Suprijana , Indrawati Ida , Rachman Saadah D. , Kamara Dian S. , Ishmayana Safri
Published: December 2019

Mixed lactic acid bacteria culture is commonly used in yogurt production. In the present study, two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) was used as starter culture. Calcium carbonate was added to the starter culture to increase the quality of mixed starter culture of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophillus with ratio of 4:1. The present study was directed to investigate the chemical composition of mixed starter culture with and without calcium carbonat addition. Furthermore, the effect of each starter culture on yogurt product chemical composition was also examined. The pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content was determined as chemical composition parameters. For starter culture without calcium carbonate addition, the yogurt has pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content of 4.18–4.39, 4.18–4.39% w/v, 2.88–4.36% w/v and 0.82–0.99% w/v, respectively. While for starter culture with calcium carbonate addition, the yogurt product has pH, lactose, soluble protein and acid content of 4.26–4.37, 1.47–1.75% b/v, 3.42–4.95% w/v and 0.86–1.11% w/v, respectively. Addition of 0.05% w/v calcium carbonate to mixed starter culture gave effect on lactose consumption, where it still can convert lactose to lactic acid up to 45 days of storage. Furthermore, the yogurt product made with starter culture with calcium carbonate addition has higher soluble protein content compared to yogurt made with starter culture without calcium carbonate addition
Sugarcane-Bagasse Trichokompos Optimalization using Trichoderma sp. (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas szutzeri (LBKURCC54 dan LBKURCC59)
Authors: Muslimah Nur , Pato Usman , Saryono Saryono
Published: December 2019

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a plant that is widely used as raw material for making sugar and can be enjoyed directly by extracting the juice. While the pulp has not been utilized and is often disposed of as waste. This study aims to make compost using Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators. The composting process is done by mixing bagasse and chicken manure with a ratio of 2: 1 and adding isolate fungus Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria as activator with several combinations on compost media with 5 treatment. Compost treatment includes P0 (control), P1 (J1_J2_B1), P2 (J1_J2_B2), P3 (J1_B1_B2), P4 (J2_B1_B2) and P5 (J1_J2_B1), P3 (J1_J2_B1_B2). The process of composting bagasse is done in a poly bag. Analyzed of compost quality was determined based on parameters of temperature, water content and the levels of C/N ratio observed for 18 days. In this study, the use of Trichoderma (LBKURCC1 and LBKURCC2) and Pseudomonas (LBKURCC54 and LBKURCC59) as bioactivators in a mixture of compost material gave a significant difference to control at the C/N ratio with a value of P> 0.05. The highest C/N ratio is from P5 (28.43) and the lowest is from P2 (5.17).
A Comparative Study between Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation.
Authors: Thapa Chitra , Gauchan S.
Published: December 2019

Laryngoscopy and end tracheal intubation are stressful situation for the patients, as these procedures are capable of producing tachycardia, hypertension and arrhythmias. This study was conducted with the objective of arriving at an optimal dose of dexmedetomidine that can attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation with minimal side effects. The current study was conducted in 60 patients, posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia withendotracheal intubation. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg and group B received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg intravenously over 10 min prior to induction of anesthesia. The anesthesia technique was standardized in both the groups. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were monitored and recorded at 5min and 10 min of completion of infusion of study drug, after induction, and at 1 min, 2 min, 5 min after intubation. The baseline heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were statistically similar in both the groups. After the infusion of the study drug the mean heart rate, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure at all times were comparable in both the groups. Episodes of hypotension and bradycardia were also statistically similar in both the groups. Attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation by dexmedetomidine is similar with the two doses: 0.5  μg/kg and 1 μg/kg. Both the doses of dexmedetomidine were devoid of any significant adverse effects.
Gastric Cancer in Nepal A Locally Advanced Disease
Authors: Koirala Rabin , Acharya N. , Khanal S. , Rajbhandary A.
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study is to describe the distribution of gastric cancer by age, gender, duration of symptoms, nutritional status and staging of the disease based on operative findings and correlation between the data. This was an observational study. The study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from December 2012 to December 2017. All patients who were admitted to the department with a diagnosis of stomach cancer and underwent palliative or curative intent procedure were reviewed and analyzed. Out of the 80 patients, 51(63.7%) were male and 29 (36.3%) patients were female. The disease was commonest in the 6th and 7th decades of life. Majority of the patients were of Tibetoburmese (Mongolian) origin with 44 (55%). Majority of patients, 60 (75%) patients had long duration of illness of more than 6 months. Most of the patients had albumin level less than 3gm/dl. Gastric carcinoma is a male predominant malignancy usually of old age and commonly observed in the Tibeto-Burman group of people. Overwhelming majority diagnosed at an advanced stage and had poor prognosis.
Prolonged Coma after Pituitary Macro- adenoma Surgery: A Case Report with Short Literature review
Authors: Karki M. , Thapa A.J. , Roka Yam Bahadur
Published: December 2019

Prolonged coma after surgery of pituitary macro-adenoma with apoplexy, often previously unnoticed, is rare and not well reported complication. A 65 year male presented with complaints of headache and blurred vision since few months. Brain MRI was done and it reported macro- adenoma with pituitary apoplexy. Right pterional craniotomy was done following total excision of tumor. Patient developed whole body seizure at first day of surgery and went to prolonged coma.
Effectiveness of Ti micro-alloying for the suppression of Fe impurities in AZ91 Mg alloys and associated corrosion properties
Authors: Candan Sennur , Cim Serdar , Candan Ercan
Published: December 2019

In this study, the corrosion properties of Ti micro-alloyed AZ91 Mg alloys, having various Fe impurity contents (0.025 to 0.1 wt.˙-%), have been investigated. Microstructural investigations were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of the alloys was evaluated by means of both immersion (3, 7, 21 days) and electrochemical polarization tests in 3.5 % NaCl solution. Polarization and long-term immersion tests showed that corrosion resistance was significantly increased by the micro-alloying of AZ91 alloy with Ti, even at very high Fe impurity ratios (i.e, 0.1 wt.-% Fe).
RELATIONSHIP OF TELOMERE LENGTH, TELOMERASE ACTIVITY, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Yehorova M. S. , Krasnienkov D. S. , Gurianov V. G. , Kondratiuk V. Ye. , Kuharskiy V. М.
Published: December 2019

The aim of study is to determine the relationship between telomere length and telomerase activity with indicators of oxidative stress in patients with stage 1-3 cerebral atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
Material and methods. A total clinical and instrumental study involved 161 patients with grade 1–3 CA. Telomerase activity was determined using a tandem repeat amplification protocol with real-time detection. The relative telomere lengths were measured using real-time multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results. A comparative analysis revealed that patients with stage 1-3 CA with long telomeres had a significantly higher catalase level than in the short telomere group, and the catalase and SOD levels in the group with high telomerase activity were significantly lower than in the group with low telomerase activity. A correlation analysis revealed significant direct relationships between telomere length and oxidative stress markers such as catalase and SOD (r = 0.23 and r = 0.21, respectively) and telomerase activity with GSH (r = 0.48). An inverse relationship between the telomere length and T2DM (r = -0.21) was also revealed. Telomere length and telomerase activity were not correlated with other markers of oxidative stress.
Conclusion. In patients with stage 1-3 cerebral atherosclerosis, an association of some markers of oxidative stress (catalase, SOD, GSH) with telomere length and telomerase activity, regardless of the presence of concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus, was revealed. In patients with stage 1-3 cerebral atherosclerosis with longer telomeres, catalase levels are statistically significantly higher than in patients with short telomeres. Stage 1-3 cerebral atherosclerosis patients with higher telomerase activity are characterized by statistically significantly lower levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase compared with patients with lower telomerase activity. The most stable direct correlation in this category of patients was found between GSH and telomerase activity (r = 0.48), which may indicate the key role of GSH in the rate of telomere shortening and the development of atherosclerosis.
Rasio konversi pakan benih ikan kerapu cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) dengan pemberian dosis recombinant growth hormone (rGH) yang berbeda
Authors: Hendriansyah Ahmad , Putra Wiwin Kusuma Atmaja , Miranti Shavika
Published: November 2019

penelitian ini menggunakan hormon rekombinan pertumbuhan (rGH) dengan dosis yang berbedapada pakan. tujuan penelitian iniadalah mengetahui dosis rGH yang terbaik untuk menurunkan rasio konversi pakan (fcr) benih ikan kerapu cantang. metode penelitianyang digunakanadalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan K tanpa rGH; A pemberian RGH 5 mg/kg pakan; B 6 pemberia rGH mg/kg pakan; dan C pemberian rGH 7 mg/kg pakan dengan tiga ulangan. hasil enelitian terbaik adalah perlakuan B dengan nilai parameter penelitian sebagai berikt : bobot mutlak 31,56±4,28 g, dan rasio konversi pakan 1,27±0,16.
Pengaruh perbedaan suhu terhadap laju penyerapan kuning telur larva ikan bawal bintang (Trachinotus blochii)
Authors: Ariska Risma , Irawan Henky
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada tanggal 2 – 5 Maret 2018 di Desa Pengujan, Teluk Bintan II, Kabupaten Bintan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perlakuan suhu terbaik untuk perkembangan larva ikan bawal bintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 perlakuan, yaitu A (28°C), B (30°C), C (32°C) dan C (34°C) dengan 3 kali ulangan pada tiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa perlakuan A (28°C) memiliki penyusutan penyusutan volume kuning telur terbaik yaitu 84.432.467,5 µm3 dan laju penyerapan kuning telur terbaik yaitu 4.690.692,6 µm3/jam.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE APPLYING OF PHYSICAL METHODS AT CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN AN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Cherkova N. V. , Dushik L. M. , Gerasymov G. M. , Dushik А. О.
Published: December 2019

In an experiment on laboratory animals (84 male rabbits of Shinchilla breed weighing 3 to 3.5 kg), the processes of liver tissue regeneration after cholecystectomy using electrocoagulation, cryoexposure and Harmonic scalpel (HS) at different terms were studied in a comparative aspect. The objective of the work: to study in the experiment histomorphological changes in the gallbladder bed under the influence of monopolar electrocoagulation, low temperatures and ultrasonic scalpel in a comparative aspect at cholecystectomy. Depending on the method of resection of the gallbladder and the method of hemostasis, all animals were divided into three groups. In Group I, after resection of the gallbladder, the animals underwent hemostasis of the gallbladder bed (GBB) with the help of monopolar electrocoagulation. In Group II, hemostasis was performed by the cryogenic treatment of GBB with a laparoscopic cryoapplicator. In group III, after cholecystectomy, the animals underwent hemostasis with HS. The results of the experiment made it possible to compare not only the hemostatic and cholestatic effects of various types of energy, but also to assess the grade of traumatization of the liver parenchyma in the operative intervention zone and the influence of various methods on the quality and terms of the reparative processes. The effectiveness of the HS in achieving final hemostasis with bleeding from GBB in cholecystectomy has been experimentally proven. It is determined that the depth and grade of the dystrophic process is less expressed with ultrasound exposure. The use of HS in the treatment of GBB was a safe and reliable method of stopping parenchymal hemorrhage and bile leakage from the liver parenchyma.
Enhancing Teachers’ Competence in the Learning of Fiqih Mawaris through the Collaboration of Conventional and Modern Media At-Tashil Digital Application at Balai Diklat Keagamaan Aceh
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: December 2019

Problems in today’s learning includes the low competence of teachers in the use of media for teaching and learning. Among the weaknesses of teachers is the lack of the ability in using the media in learning ﬁqih mawaris. Many teachers still use conventional media such as markers, board and paper. This aﬀects on the low level of students’ ability on the subject of ﬁqih mawaris. This study aims to understand the competence of teachers in teaching and learning ﬁqih mawaris through the collaboration of conventional media and digital media (the application of At-Tashil) at the training center of Balai Diklat Keagamaan (BDK) Aceh. This study adopts qualitative approaches. Data were collected through interviews, the study of documents and observations, while collected data were analyzed through data reduction, presentation of data and the withdrawal of conclusion. The results show that teachers’ competence on subjects of the ﬁqih mawaris was improved through the process of collaboration between conventional media and modern media of At-Tashil application.
Media dan Komodifikasi Dakwah
Authors: Saudi Yusron
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Islam pada dasarnya, bukanlah agama yang hanya tertuang dalam simbol tekstual dalam al-Quran dan Hadist semata. Islam sejatinya adalah agama yang tidak bisa menafikan gejala historis, sosial, budaya, politik, dan seterusnya. Dengan jumlah penganut yang tidak sedikit, serta tersebar diberbagai belahan dunia, termasuk Indonesia, Islam pun menjelma menjadi semacam ''gejala pasar''. Sebagai konsekuensi dari ''gejala pasar'', maka Islam pun mengalami proses komodifikasi. Dakwah sebagai bagian dari ajaran agama, juga tidak bisa mengelak dari komodifikasi, terutama semenjak lahirnya berbagai macam media informasi, termasuk media massa. Banyaknya program-program dakwah di media massa di satu sisi menambah transformasi nilai-nilai Islam, tapi di sisi lain terkadang merusak citra Islam, karena dakwah sebagai bagian suci dari ajaran agama, terkadang menjadi alat bagi media untuk meraih keuntungan dari keberadaan penduduk Indonesia yang mayoritas beragama Islam tadi. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk melacak jejak lahir komodifikasi, serta penggerogotannya pada ruang agama dan praktik dakwah, sampai pada akhirnya berusaha mencari titik temu antara komodifikasi dan dakwah.Kata Kunci:Dakwah Islam, Komodifikasi, Media Massa, Studi Pustaka Abstract: Islam basically is not a religion contained with textual symbols in the Koran and the Hadith only. Islam actually is a religion what cannot deny by historical, social, cultural, political, and so on. The number of adherents of Islam is never calculated as a small, because Islam is spreaded in various parts of the world, including Indonesia, Islam has become a kind of "market phenomenon".  As a consequence of ''symptoms of market'', Islam also undergoes a commodification process. Da'wah as part of religious teachings also cannot avoid by commodification, especially since the birth of various information media, including mass media. The number of da'wah programs on the mass media is the one hand adds to the transformation of Islamic values, but on the other hand it sometimes damages the image of Islam, because da'wah as a sacred part of religious toughts. Which sometimes becomes a tool for the media to achieve the majority of Indonesia's population was a Muslim. This research seeks the traces of commodification, as well as its encroachment on the religious space and the practice of da'wah, until finally trying to find common ground between commodification and da'wah it self.Keywords:Islamic Da’wah, Commodification, Mass Media, Library Study
Evaluation on prebiotic properties of β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from mushrooms by human fecal microbiota in fecal batch culture
Authors: Chaikliang Chiraphon , Wichienchot Santad , Youravoug Wirote , Graidist Potchanapond
Published: December 2019

Background: β-glucan is dietary fiber, a structural polysaccharide, β-linked linear chains of D-glucose polymers with variable frequency of branches. β-glucan is isolated from different sources such as cell walls of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), cereals (oat and barley) and various species of mushrooms. Among 8 mushrooms in the study, Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae had the highest in β-glucan contents and the cheapest cost of mushroom per content of β-glucan, respectively. Even the function of β-glucan on immune modulation has been known however no report on interaction between β-glucan and human gut microbiota. Gut microbiota is thought to have health effects by interaction with non-digestible component particular fermentable dietary fiber. It is important to correlate the specific groups of the microbial communities associated with β-glucan fermentation and the consequential SCFA profiles. β-glucan from mushroom may has potential prebiotic function similar to those from commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) β-glucan. Objective: To evaluate on prebiotic properties of soluble β-glucans and oligo-β-glucans from Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae by fecal fermentation in batch culture. Methods: In vitro fecal fermentation in anaerobic batch cultures under simulated conditions similar to human colon with human faecal samples from three donors were performed. Comparison on 3 β-glucans and 2 oligo-β-glucans have been studied. Sample was taken at 0 h, 24 h and 48 h to analyze the numbers of bacterial changes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed by HPLC. The prebiotic index (PI) was calculated according to the change of 5 specific bacterial genus within 48 h fermentation. Results: Soluble β-glucan from Auricularia auricula Judae increased numbers of bifidobacteria and lactobacillus significantly (P<0.05). The PI of soluble β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from Schizophylum commune Fr were 0.01 and -0.01, respectively. β-glucan and oligo-β-glucan from Auricularia auricula Judae were 0.11 and -0.07, respectively. Whereas PI of β-glucan from commercial yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was 0.03. Acetate was the most prevalent SCFA found in all treatments followed by propionate, butyrate and lactate, respectively. Conclusion: The study confirmed that β-glucan from Schizophylum commune Fr and Auricularia auricula Judae are candidate prebiotics. Keywords: β-glucan, oligo-β-glucan, prebiotic, mushroom, fecal batch culture
Enhancement of quercetin water solubility with steviol glucosides and the studies of biological properties
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Hanh , Yu Shin-Hye , Kim Jiyoun , An Eunbae , Hwang Kyeonghwan , Park Jun-Seong , Kim Doman
Published: December 2019

Background: Quercetin, a flavonol contained in various vegetables and fruits, has various biological activities including anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and anti-oxidative. However, it has low oral bioavailability due to insolubility in water. Thus, the bioavailability of quercetin administered to human beings in a capsule form, was reported to be less than 1%, with only a small percentage of ingested quercetin getting absorbed in the blood. This leads to certain difficulties in creating highly effective medicinesMethods: Quercetin-rubusoside and quercetin-rebaudioside were prepared. The antioxidant activities of quercetin and Q-rubusoside were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging method. Inhibition activities of quercetin and Quercetin-rubusoside were determined by measuring the remaining activity of 3CLpro with 200 μM inhibitor. The inhibition activity of quercetin, rubusoside and quercetin-rubusoside were determined by measuring the activity of human maltase which remains at 100 μM rubusoside or quercetin-rubusoside. The mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was assayed with the reaction mixture contained 3.3 mM L-DOPA in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and 10 U mushroom tyrosinase/ml with or without quercetin or quercetin-rubusoside. Results: With 10% rubusoside treatment, quercetin showed solubility of 7.7 mg/ml in water, and its solubility increased as the concentration of rubusoside increased; the quercetin solubility in water increased to 0.83 mg/mlas rubusoside concentration increased to 1 mg/ml. Quercetin solubilized in rubusoside solution showed DPPH radical-scavenging activity and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity, similar to that of quercetin solubilized in dimethyl-sulfoxide. Quercetin-rubusoside also showed 1.2 and 1.9 folds higher inhibition activity against 3CLpro of SARS and human intestinal maltase, respectively, than those of quercetin in DMSO.Conclusions: Quercetin can be solubilized in water with rebaudioside or rubusoside treatment. As Ru concentration increases, the solubility of quercetin in water increases. The solubilization of quercetin in Ru solution did not reduce its biological functions such as the DPPH radical-scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase activity; also, quercetin-rubusoside increased the inhibition activity against the 3CLpro of SARS and human intestinal maltase, when compared with the activity of quercetin in DMSO. Thus, rubusoside and rebaudioside are promising compounds which enhance the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds.Keywords: rubusoside, rebaudioside, flavonol, quercetin, human maltase, 3CLpro
The effect of VMP35 supplement ingredients encapsulated in a novel Phospholipid Prodosome SK713 SLP nutrient delivery technology on properties of live human blood.
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Downs B. William , Kushner Steven , Aloisio Ted , Cronjé Frans J.
Published: December 2019

Background: In North America digestive malfunction in terms of disintegration, dissolution, and absorption of food and nutrients, is a widespread malady. Malabsorption is also an exacerbating factor in most chronic degenerative diseases that might benefit from dietary supplementation. The purpose of this experiment was to determine, as shown by changes in properties of live blood, whether, a novel soy-lecithin-phospholipid-nutrient encapsulation technology could promote rapid bioavailability and bioactivity of a VMP35 nutraceutical formulation encapsulated within its clustoidal multilamellar Soy Lecithin Phospholipid (SLP) liquid SK713 SLP structures. Method: Changes in peripheral blood smears from 38 subjects were measured utilizing peripheral live blood cell imaging (LBCI) with phase contrast microscopy. Results: Compared to baseline and control, consistently and reproducibly, the SK713 SLP technology effected positive changes in the blood as demonstrated by observable morphological, hematological and rheological changes five minutes from intake and sustained for at least 30 minutes post intake. Conclusions: These results showed that the SK713 SLP system makes an important contribution by increasing the potential benefits of dietary supplementation to those patients with compromised digestive processes. We encourage additional research on this novel delivery system believing that it has potential impact on future therapy.  Key Words: digestive malfunction live blood cell imaging, peripheral blood smear, cell aggregation, rheology, phospholipids, nutrient encapsulation, multinutrient complex.