bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spherical Aromaticity of Tetrahedral Pnictogens Through Off‐Nucleus Isotropic Magnetic Shielding
Authors: Al‐Yassiri Muntadar A. H.
Published: June 2022

This work revealed the spherical aromaticity of some inorganic E4 cages and their protonated E4H+ ions (E=N, P, As, Sb, and Bi). For this purpose, we employed several evaluations like (0D‐1D) nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), multidimensional (2D‐3D) off‐nucleus isotropic shielding σiso(r), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The magnetic calculations involved gauge‐including atomic orbitals (GIAO) with two density functionals B3LYP and WB97XD, and basis sets of Jorge‐ATZP, 6‐311+G(d,p), and Lanl2DZp. The Jorge‐ATZP basis set showed the best consistency. Our findings disclosed non‐classical aromatic characters in the above molecules, which decreased from N to Bi cages. Also, the results showed more aromaticity in E4 than E4H+. The NBO analysis attributed the aromaticity in the above molecules to the residual density of the overlapping σ‐bonding orbitals. So, the aromaticity in these molecules is unlike the classical aromaticity that is associated with electron delocalization. Scanning 1D σiso(r) variation along E−E bonds indicated a lowering in the shielding trend from N to Bi cages. The 3D results showed a similar decrease in the relative volumetric diffusion of the magnetic activity, whereas the volumetric ratio of V1ppm/V2ppm is almost constant for all the E4 cages.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cannata Francesco , Chiarito Mauro , Pinto Giuseppe , Villaschi Alessandro , Sanz‐Sánchez Jorge , Fazzari Fabio , Regazzoli Damiano , Mangieri Antonio , Bragato Renato M. , Colombo Antonio , Reimers Bernhard , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio G.
Published: June 2022

Aims

Aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are typical diseases of the elderly. Up to 16% of older adults with severe AS referred to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a concomitant diagnosis of CA. CA‐AS population suffers from reduced functional capacity and worse prognosis than AS patients. As the prognostic impact of TAVR in patients with CA‐AS has been historically questioned and in light of recently published evidence, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the efficacy and safety of TAVR in CA‐AS patients.

Methods and results

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies: (i) evaluating mortality with TAVR as compared with medical therapy in CA‐AS patients and (ii) reporting complications and clinical outcomes of TAVR in CA‐AS patients as compared with patients with AS alone. A total of seven observational studies were identified: four reported mortality with TAVR, and four reported complications and clinical outcomes after TAVR of patients with CA‐AS compared with AS alone patients. In patients with CA‐AS, the risk of mortality was lower with TAVR (n = 44) as compared with medical therapy (n = 36) [odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.73, I2 = 0%, P = 0.001, number needed to treat = 3]. The safety profile of TAVR seems to be similar in patients with CA‐AS (n = 75) as compared with those with AS alone (n = 536), with comparable risks of stroke, vascular complications, life‐threatening bleeding, acute kidney injury, and 30 day mortality, although CA‐AS was associated with a trend towards an increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.91–4.09, I2 = 0%, P = 0.085). CA is associated with a numerically higher rate of long‐term mortality and rehospitalizations following TAVR in patients with CA‐AS as compared with those with AS alone.

Conclusions

TAVR is an effective and safe procedure in CA‐AS patients, with a substantial survival benefit as compared with medical therapy, and a safety profile comparable with patients with AS alone except for a trend towards higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation.
Higher BNP/NT‐pro BNP levels stratify prognosis equally well in patients with and without heart failure: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Hendricks Stefanie , Dykun Iryna , Balcer Bastian , Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir A.
Published: June 2022

Aims

The initial and dynamic levels of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal‐prohormone BNP (NT‐proBNP) are routinely used in clinical practice to identify patients with acute and chronic heart failure. In addition, BNP/NT‐proBNP levels might be useful for risk stratification in patients with and without heart failure. We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate, whether the value of BNP/NT‐proBNP as predictors of long‐term prognosis differentiates in cohorts with and without heart failure.

Methods and results

We systematically searched established scientific databases for studies evaluating the prognostic value of BNP or NT‐proBNP. Random effect models were constructed. Data from 66 studies with overall 83 846 patients (38 studies with 46 099 patients with heart failure and 28 studies with 37 747 patients without heart failure) were included. In the analysis of the log‐transformed BNP/NT‐proBNP levels, an increase in natriuretic peptides by one standard deviation was associated with a 1.7‐fold higher MACE rate (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.74[1.58–1.91], P < 0.0001). The effect sizes were comparable, with a substantial overlap in the confidence intervals, when comparing studies involving patients with and without heart failure (1.75[1.54–2.0], P < 0.0001 vs. 1.74[1.47–2.06], P < 0.0001). Similar results were observed when stratifying by quartiles of BNP/NT‐proBNP. In studies using pre‐defined cut‐off‐values for BNP/NT‐proBNP, elevated levels were associated with the long‐term prognosis, independent of the specific cut‐off value used.

Conclusions

BNP/NT‐proBNP levels are predictors for adverse long‐term outcome in patients with and without known heart failure. Further research is necessary to establish appropriate thresholds, especially in non‐heart failure cohorts.
Red cell distribution width is associated with short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yi , Chen Naiyi , Liu Yan , Xiao Jie , Lin Zongwei , Lu Huixia , Ji Xiaoping
Published: June 2022

Aims

There is limited evidence for the correlation between short‐term mortality and red cell distribution width (RDW) in critical patients with heart failure. Herein, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate whether RDW was independently associated with short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure.

Methods and results

As a retrospective cohort study, it involved a total of 9465 patients with heart failure from the MIMIC‐IV database. The target‐dependent and independent variables were in‐hospital mortality, 90 day mortality and RDW measured at baseline, respectively. The relationship between all‐cause death and baseline RDW in hospital and after 90 days of admission to ICU was evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier plot and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The average age of participants was 74.4 (64.2, 83.5) years old, among whom about 54.6% were male. Results of the adjusted Cox proportional hazard model revealed that RDW had a positive association with both in‐hospital and 90 day mortality risk after the adjustment of confounders (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15, P < 0.001; HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08–1.14, P < 0.001, respectively). A non‐linear relationship was found between RDW and 90 day mortality, which had a threshold of 14.96%. The effect sizes and confidence intervals below and above the threshold were 1.36 (1.14 to 1.62) and 1.09 (1.04 to 1.15), respectively. It was also found by subgroup analysis that there were stronger correlations in male and patients with normal renal function.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the short‐term mortality of critically ill patients with HF is independently predicted by RDW. At the same time, large prospective research and longer follow‐up time are required to further validate the findings of this study.
Schrock‐TypeSilylidenesandGermylidenesFound Among the Silylene and Germylene Complexes of the Early and Mid‐Transition Metals
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya.
Published: June 2022

The chemistry of Schrock‐type silylidene/germylidene complexes is the subject of this review. This is preceded by the general consideration of the prototypical transition metal carbene complexes and their classification as either Fischer or Schrock carbene complexes. Following this background, silylene/germylene complexes of the early (groups 3–4) and mid‐ (groups 5–7) transition metals are briefly discussed in terms of their synthesis and nature of the transition metal‐silylene/germylene bonding interaction. Major attention will be paid for the preparation, bonding nature, and particular reactivity of those complexes, which, on the basis of their spectroscopic, structural, and computational studies, are reliably categorized as the Schrock‐type silylene/germylene transition metal complexes, that is silylidenes/germylidenes.
Cobalt(I) Pincer Complexes: Four‐ versus Five‐Coordination
Authors: Yang Tilong , Chan Hok Tsun , Wong Wing Hei Marco , Chan Ka Lok , Sheong Fu Kit , Lin Zhenyang
Published: June 2022

It is a common practice to associate a d8 electron configuration with square planar, 4‐coordinated complexes. A 5‐coordinated complex with a d8 configuration, although following the 18‐electron rule perfectly, is not as common as it might seem. On the other hand, a considerable number of 5‐coordinated d8 Co(I) complexes has been reported, and some of them serve as active intermediates in catalysis. Understanding the preference of 4‐ versus 5‐coordination for d8 complexes is therefore of practical concern in catalysis design. In this work, we have presented an exploration of the possible factors that govern the preference between the two. Based on DFT calculations, we have investigated the free energy change of ligand binding to several Co(I) pincer complexes and have revealed the role of σ and π interaction of ligands.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of a Bioactive Lignanamide Using a 5‐endo‐tet‐Type Cyclization of Activated Cyclopropylcarbinols and Synthetic Support for the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Saito Taichi , Shibata Kazuki , Takagi Ryohei , Shimizu Yuka , Takaki Naoya , Nishii Yoshinori
Published: June 2022

The first enantioselective total synthesis of a bioactive lignanamide was achieved with high enantiomeric excess. Key synthetic steps include an organocatalytic enantioselective cyclopropanation and a Lewis‐acid‐mediated chirality‐transferring 5‐endo‐tet‐type cyclization that proceeds with a very high degree of stereoinduction. The proposed mechanism of the key reaction is supported by the experimental results. Based on these experimental results, the5‐endo‐tet‐type cyclization of a cyclopropylcarbinol proceeds predominantly via an SN1 mechanism with hightrans‐selectivity, which arises from the steric hindrance of the neighboring substituent. Minor pathways include the anchimeric participation of (i) the oxygen atom of the benzoyl group in an SN2 mechanism and/or (ii) a benzene‐coordinated transition state in an SN1‐like mechanism.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Ynenamides through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroalkynylation of Ynamides
Authors: Siera Hannah , Kreuzahler Mathis , Wölper Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: June 2022

Transition metal catalysis is a useful tool for C−C bond‐forming reactions. Of special interest is the hydroalkynylation reaction of alkynes, which provides a simple method for the synthesis of enynes representing interesting structural motifs in organic chemistry. So far, there are only a few examples of gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation reactions. Herein, we were able to show experimentally that the gold(I)‐catalyzed hydroalkynylation of ynamides leads regio‐ and stereoselectively to the corresponding ynenamides, a rather unknown type of molecule. A wide range of products could be generated with yields up to 90 % and, in contrast to many other gold‐catalyzed alkyne dimerization reactions, alkyl groups are tolerated. Quantum chemical calculations and NMR labelling experiments reveal a mechanism via dual gold catalysis.
New Insights into the Exploitation of BODIPY Derivatives as Organic Photocatalysts
Authors: Lama Ana Da , Bartolomei Beatrice , Rosso Cristian , Filippini Giacomo , Martínez M. Montserrat , Sarandeses Luis A. , Prato Maurizio
Published: June 2022

Boron‐dipyrromethene complexes (BODIPYs) are attracting a growing interest for their notable photophysical properties. Specifically, their application in organic photocatalysis is receiving particular attention thanks to their ability to undergo both electron and energy transfer processes, thus acting as promising photoredox catalysts and photosensitizers. Although the number of examples employing these organic dyes is constantly increasing, there are not so many studies that correlate their chemical composition to their photocatalytic activity. In this work, a rationally designed structure‐activity relationship study was performed by selecting a synthetically relevant atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction as a benchmark. We demonstrated how the presence of heavy atoms in the chromophore's core turned out to be essential for achieving high reactivity levels. On the contrary, electron‐withdrawing groups in position 8 (meso) undermined the catalytic performances, in agreement with the proposed reaction mechanism.
Regiodivergent Synthesis and π‐Stacking‐Induced Chiral Self‐Recognition of Hexabenzocoronene‐Based [6]Helicenes
Authors: Morita Futo , Nogami Juntaro , Araujo Dias Antônio Junio , Kinoshita Suzuka , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken
Published: June 2022

The lateral π‐extension of helicenes would yield interesting physical properties derived from the enhanced π‐stacking ability as well as intrinsic helical chirality. Here we report the regiodivergent synthesis of hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based [6]helicenes via cationic rhodium(I)/segphos complex‐mediated intramolecular [2+2+2] and [2+1+2+1] cycloadditions of triynes followed by Scholl reaction. The resulting HBC‐based [6]helicenes possess stable helical chirality but more planar structure than previously reported HBC‐based [7] and [9]helicenes. Therefore, these HBC‐based [6]helicenes exhibit π‐stacking‐induced chiral self‐recognition in solution, allowing the measurement of enantiomeric ratios by1H NMR spectroscopy without any chiral additive.
Silver Microelectrode Arrays for Direct Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Low Ionic Strength Samples
Authors: Kaewket Keerakit , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Laohana Peerawat , Tanapongpisit Nantawat , Saenrang Wittawat , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: June 2022

Silver microelectrode arrays are fabricated by photolithography for a one‐step analysis of H2O2 in low ionic strength samples. The effects of electrode length, width, band‐to‐band separation, connection height, and adhesion layer are evaluated. The developed sensor shows excellent repeatability (RSD=1.20 % (n=5)) and reproducibility (RSD=1.12 % (n=5)) with the linear range of 0.0–10.0 mM, the sensitivity of 9.84±0.34 μA mM−1, and the detection limit of 22.69 μM. The sensor has been successfully applied to detect H2O2 directly without the addition of supporting electrolyte in synthetic urine, tap water, drinking water, and milk samples.
A freestanding, hierarchically porous poly(imine dioxime) membrane enabling selective gold recovery from e‐waste with unprecedented capacity
Authors: Li Huaimeng , Ye Mengxiang , Fu Zhen , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia
Published: June 2022

The ever‐growing depletion of precious metals in modern electronic industry necessitates unremitting exploitation of novel materials for gold recovery from e‐waste. Herein, a freestanding poly(imine dioxime) (PIDO) membrane has been successfully fabricated for highly efficient recovery of gold from e‐waste. The consummate integration of abundant binding sites and hierarchically porous architecture renders the resulting PIDO membrane with a record‐breaking uptake capacity (9250 mg g−1) toward gold, fast adsorption equilibrium time, as well as satisfactory regeneration and reusability. Furthermore, PIDO membrane is also well competent for selective gold recovery from waste central processing unit leachate with remarkable efficiency (>99%). Considering high recovery efficiency, outstanding selectivity, and simple/scalable production process, the proposed PIDO membrane will hold huge prospect in the sustainable recovery of gold from e‐waste.

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Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: No Answers Yet to the Major Questions
Authors: Sumpter John P. , Johnson Andrew C. , Runnalls Tamsin J.
Published: June 2022

The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially the aquatic environment, has received a lot of attention in the last 20 plus years. Despite that attention, the two most important questions regarding pharmaceuticals in the environment still cannot be answered. It is not possible to put the threat posed by pharmaceuticals into perspective with the many other threats (stressors) facing aquatic organisms, such as low flows due to over-abstraction of water, inhibited passage of migratory species due to dams and weirs, diseases, algal blooms causing low oxygen levels and releasing toxins, eutrophication, climate change, and so on. Nor is it possible to identify which pharmaceuticals are of concern and which are not. Not only can these key questions not be answered presently, they have received extremely little attention, despite being identified 10 years ago as the two most important questions to answer. That situation must change if resources and expertise are to be effectively used to protect the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:589–594. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Selenium Distribution and Trophic Transfer in the Periphyton–Benthic Macroinvertebrate Food Chain in Boreal Lakes Downstream from a Milling Operation
Authors: Peixoto Mendes Maira , Cupe-Flores Beatriz , Liber Karsten
Published: June 2022

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with a narrow essentiality-toxicity range known to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs. Selenium uptake and trophic transfer at the base of aquatic food chains represent a great source of uncertainty for Se risk assessment. The goal of the present study was to investigate Se distribution in water and sediment and its subsequent transfer into the periphyton–benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) food chain in boreal lakes downstream from a Saskatchewan uranium mill. In particular, the present study aimed to assess potential differences in Se bioaccumulation patterns by BMI taxa to contribute to the current knowledge gap. During summer 2018 and 2019, water, sediment, periphyton, and BMI were sampled at two sites in Vulture Lake, seven sites in McClean Lake east basin, and one reference site in McClean Lake west basin. Periphyton and BMI taxa were sampled with artificial substrates (Hester-Dendy) deployed for 5 weeks in 2018 and 7 weeks in 2019; BMI were sorted into the lowest practical achievable taxonomic level and analyzed for total Se concentrations. At the diluted effluent exposure sites, Se concentrations in BMI ranged from 1.3 to 18.0 µg/g dry weight and from 0.3 to 49.3 µg/g dry weight in 2018 and 2019, respectively, whereas concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.5 µg/g dry weight at the reference site. Selenium concentrations in periphyton and some BMI taxa sampled near the effluent diffuser (Se < 1 µg/L) reached levels comparable to higher effluent exposure sites (Se > 2 µg/L). Despite differences in Se bioaccumulation among BMI taxa, an approximately one-to-one trophic transfer ratio was observed for benthic primary consumers and benthic predatory taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2181–2192. © 2022 SETAC
BeeGUTS—A Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Model for the Interpretation and Integration of Acute and Chronic Honey Bee Tests
Authors: Baas Jan , Goussen Benoit , Miles Mark , Preuss Thomas G. , Roessink Ivo
Published: June 2022

Understanding the survival of honey bees after pesticide exposure is key for environmental risk assessment. Currently, effects on adult honey bees are assessed by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development standardized guidelines, such as the acute and chronic oral exposure and acute contact exposure tests. The three different tests are interpreted individually, without consideration that the same compound is investigated in the same species, which should allow for an integrative assessment. In the present study we developed, calibrated, and validated a toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic model with 17 existing data sets on acute and chronic effects for honey bees. The model is based on the generalized unified threshold model for survival (GUTS), which is able to integrate the different exposure regimes, taking into account the physiology of the honey bee: the BeeGUTS model. The model is able to accurately describe the effects over time for all three exposure routes combined within one consistent framework. The model can also be used as a validity check for toxicity values used in honey bee risk assessment and to conduct effect assessments for real-life exposure scenarios. This new integrative approach, moving from single-point estimates of toxicity and exposure to a holistic link between exposure and effect, will allow for a higher confidence of honey bee toxicity assessment in the future. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2193–2201. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Age of information and energy efficiency of amplify‐and‐forward relay‐assisted Internet of Things with nonlinear energy harvesting and imperfect channel state information over Nakagami‐ fading channels
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Guo Yixuan , Hao Zhenchao , Cao Shengnan
Published: June 2022

The emergence of the fifth generation of communication networks (5G) has paved the way for the fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) as well as many real‐time and mission‐critical applications. Because the status update required to be as timely as possible, a new metric termed as age of information (AoI) was born with the ability of capturing the timeliness. However, in practical implementation the sensor is energy constrained and transmits very low‐power signals, which yield high AoI so that the received status update can be stale or even outdated. To overcome this problem, this work proposes an IoT system model by integrating energy harvesting (EH), amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay cooperation, and short packet communication (SPC) techniques. In the proposed scheme, the relay that is connected to fixed power grid, transfers energy radio frequency signals to charge the sensor and assists forwarding status update by using time switching scheme. The employment of SPC overcomes the freshness loss caused by relay cooperation and EH. Then, this work investigates the AoI and energy efficiency of the proposed scheme under finite block length communications over Nakagami‐fading channels by specially considering channel state information (CSI) and nonlinear EH model. Under these practical constraints, the tractable AF relay transmission model and the end‐to‐end approximated signal‐to‐noise ratio are found. The end‐to‐end block error probability of finite block length transmission is derived, too. Third, under the simultaneous consideration of nonlinear EH and outdated CSI, the statistical descriptions of the time duration for the sensor fully charging its battery are derived as well as the ones of the time intervals of update packet delivery. As a result, the average AoI is achieved with closed‐form expression and the tradeoff model of AoI to energy efficiency is established by simultaneously exploiting outdated CSIs and nonlinearity of EH circuit. The presented numerical analysis exploits the impact of the outdated CSIs and nonlinear EH model and gives the insights of such model.
Microglial response promotes neurodegeneration in the Ndufs4 KO mouse model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Aguilar Kevin , Comes Gemma , Canal Carla , Quintana Albert , Sanz Elisenda , Hidalgo Juan
Published: June 2022

Leigh syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and early death. Mice lacking NDUFS4, a mitochondrial complex I subunit (Ndufs4 KO mice), have been established as a good animal model for studying human pathology associated with Leigh syndrome. As the disease progresses, there is an increase in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, thereby leading to deteriorating neurological symptoms, including motor deficits, breathing alterations, and eventually, death of the animal. However, despite the magnitude of neuroinflammation associated with brain lesions, the role of neuroinflammatory pathways and their main cellular components have not been addressed directly as relevant players in the disease pathology. Here, we investigate the role of microglial cells, the main immune cells of the CNS, in Leigh‐like syndrome pathology, by pharmacologically depleting them using the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist PLX3397. Microglial depletion extended lifespan and delayed motor symptoms in Ndufs4 KO mice, likely by preventing neuronal loss. Next, we investigated the role of the major cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the disease progression. IL‐6 deficiency partially rescued breathing abnormalities and modulated gliosis but did not extend the lifespan or rescue motor decline in Ndufs4 KO mice. The present results show that microglial accumulation is pathogenic, in a process independent of IL‐6, and hints toward a contributing role of neuroinflammation in the disease of Ndufs4 KO mice and potentially in patients with Leigh syndrome.
A theory of fiscal policy response to an epidemic
Authors: Pang Yu
Published: June 2022

Governments worldwide have issued massive amounts of debt to inject fiscal stimulus during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This paper analyzes fiscal responses to an epidemic, in which interactions at work increase the risk of disease and mortality. Fiscal policies, which are designed to borrow against the future and provide transfers to individuals suffering economic hardship, can facilitate consumption smoothing while reduce hours worked and hence mitigate infections. We examine the optimal fiscal policy and characterize the condition under which fiscal policy improves social welfare. We then extend the model analyzing the static and dynamic pecuniary externalities under scale economies—the decrease in labor supply during the epidemic lowers the contemporaneous average wage rate while enhances the post‐epidemic workforce health and productivity. We suggest that fiscal policy may not work effectively unless the government coordinates working time, and the optimal size of public debt is affected by production technology and disease severity and transmissibility.
Feasibility of robotic thyroidectomy via hairline incision using da Vinci single port system: Initial experience with 40 consecutive cases
Authors: Kim Tae‐Koon , Seo Minjung , Park Seol Hoon , Kim Jin Il , Kim Soon Joon , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Yong Han , Han Myung Woul
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to introduce our robotic technique, which can minimize dissection extent using the da Vinci SP robotic system via hairline incision.

Methods

Forty patients underwent robotic thyroidectomy using the da Vinci SP robotic system via a hairline incision between February 2020 and April 2021 at Ulsan University Hospital. All procedures were performed successfully by one surgeon using the SP robotic system.

Results

Hemithyroidectomies were performed in 32 patients and total thyroidectomies in eight patients. Central neck dissection was performed in 32 patients. The overall mean operative time was 140.2 ± 50.7 min, and the mean console time was 74.0 ± 42.7 min. All patients were discharged on the second or third day after operation without any complications.

Conclusions

Robotic thyroidectomy using the SP robotic system via hairline incision is technically feasible and safe, with a shorter incision length when compared with that of the Xi system.
HBV transcription and translation persist despite viral suppression in HBV‐HIV co‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Wahed Abdus S. , Ghany Marc G. , Chung Raymond T. , King Wendy C. , Kleiner David E. , Bhan Atul K. , Khalili Mandana , Jain Mamta K. , Sulkowski Mark , Wong David K. , Cloherty Gavin , Sterling Richard K.
Published: June 2022

Background and aims:

Liver injury may persist in patients with HBV receiving antiviral therapy who have ongoing transcription and translation. We sought to assess ongoing HBV transcription by serum HBV RNA, translation by serum hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg), and their associations with hepatic HBsAg and HBcAg staining in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV.

Methods:

This is a cross‐sectional study of 110 adults coinfected with HBV and HIV who underwent clinical assessment and liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for HBsAg and HBcAg. Viral biomarkers included quantitative HBsAg, HBV RNA, and HBcrAg.

Results:

Participants’ median age was 49 years (male, 93%; Black, 51%; HBeAg+, 65%), with suppressed HBV DNA (79%) and undetectable HIV RNA (77%) on dually active antiretroviral therapy. Overall, HBV RNA and HBcrAg were quantifiable in 81% and 83%, respectively (96% and 100% in HBeAg+, respectively). HBcAg staining was detected in 60% and HBsAg in 79%. Higher HBV RNA was associated with higher HBcAg and HBsAg IHC grades (both p < 0.0001). The HBsAg membranous staining pattern was significantly associated with higher HBV‐RNA and HBcrAg levels.

Conclusion:

HBcAg and HBsAg IHC staining persisted despite viral suppression, and IHC grades and staining patterns correlated with markers of transcription (HBV RNA) and translation (HBcrAg). These data indicate that apparent HBV suppression is associated with residual transcription and translation that could contribute to liver pathology. Additional antiviral strategies directed to HBV protein expression may be useful to ameliorate liver injury.
Prevalence and characteristics of advocacy curricula in Australian public health degrees
Authors: Bhatti Alexandra J. , Lin Sophia , Post Dannielle , Baldock Katherine , Dawes Nathan
Published: June 2022

Background

Public health advocacy is a fundamental part of health promotion practice. Advocacy efforts can lead to healthier public policies and positive impacts on society. Public health educators are responsible for equipping graduates with cross‐cutting advocacy competencies to address current and future public health challenges.

Problem

Knowledge of the extent to which students are taught public health advocacy is limited. To determine whether advocacy teaching within public health degrees matches industry needs, knowledge of pedagogical approaches to advocacy curricula is required. This study sought to understand the extent to which advocacy is taught and assessed within Australian public health degrees.

Methodology

Australian public health Bachelor's and Master's degrees were identified using the CRICOS database. Open‐source online unit guides were reviewed to determine where and how advocacy was included within core and elective units (in title, unit description or learning outcomes). Degree directors and convenors of identified units were surveyed to further garner information about advocacy in the curriculum.

Results

Of 65 identified degrees, 17 of 26 (65%) undergraduate degrees and 24 of 39 (62%) postgraduate degrees included advocacy within the core curriculum, while 6 of 26 (23%) undergraduate and 8 of 39 (21%) postgraduate offered no advocacy curriculum.

Implications

Australian and international public health competency frameworks indicate advocacy curriculum should be included in all degrees. This research suggests advocacy competencies are not ubiquitous within Australian public health curricula. The findings support the need to advance public health advocacy teaching efforts further.
Characterization of Cross nanofluid based on infinite shear rate viscosity with inclination of magnetic dipole over a three‐dimensional bidirectional stretching sheet
Authors: Darvesh Adil , Altamirano Gilder C. , Sánchez‐Chero Manuel , Sánchez‐Chero José Antonio , Seminario‐Morales María‐Verónica , Alvarez Marcos T.
Published: June 2022

Fluid viscosity manages several engineering processes and keeps its leading role in lubrication models, biological models, polymer processes, melt solutions, colloidal suspensions, and mayonnaise. The cross viscosity model is the most appropriate model, which interprets the key features of non‐Newtonian fluids in the region of shear‐thinning/thickening when very high and very low shear rates are applied. This article focuses on the mathematical model of three‐dimensional Cross nanofluid and interprets its aspect of infinite shear rate of viscosity over the expanding sheet. Velocity is studied through placing inclined magnetic dipole effect, transportation phenomenon is brought by considering the radiation effects, heat generation and chemical process is engaged for concentration of nanoparticles. The geometry of this mathematical model is expanding the stretching sheet with velocity slip, and convective heat conditions are associated. Similarity variables are being utilized for conversion dimensional mathematical model into nondimensional one. For the pursuit of numerical solution of the system of nondimensional mathematical model, the numerical technique Bvp4c is utilized. Furthermore, Matlab graphs and statistical analysis for all physical parameters and physical quantities are shown in the result and debate section. Due to inclination of angle Lorentz force producing in increasing manner, hence flow is opposed, and velocity of fluid is dropped for () and () and for increasing value of n index, the velocity of fluid flow is decreasing.
Regression with an imputed dependent variable
Authors: Crossley Thomas F. , Levell Peter , Poupakis Stavros
Published: June 2022

Researchers are often interested in the relationship between two variables, with no single data set containing both. A common strategy is to use proxies for the dependent variable that are common to two surveys to impute the dependent variable into the data set containing the independent variable. We show that commonly employed regression or matching‐based imputation procedures lead to inconsistent estimates. We offer a consistent and easily implemented two‐step estimator, “rescaled regression prediction.” We derive the correct asymptotic standard errors for this estimator and demonstrate its relationship to alternative approaches. We illustrate with empirical examples using data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).
Generalized Kubelka's theory for light transmission in multilayer materials and its application for UV light penetration in filtering facepiece respirators
Authors: Farnood Ramin , Mahmoud Housyn , Gibson John , Mao Ted , Odegaard Conrad
Published: June 2022

The spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted in the shortage of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). As a result, the use of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for disinfection and reuse of FFRs has been the topic of much investigation. In this article, a mathematical model is developed based on Kubelka's theory to determine light transmission in multilayer materials, such as N95 masks. Using this model, the predicted UV transmittance and absorbance of a N95 mask layers were found to be in close agreement with the experimental values. In addition, when the mask was exposed to UV equally from both surfaces, the estimated minimum UV irradiance inside the N95 mask was 14.5% of the incident irradiance, suggesting a significant degree of light penetration. The proposed model provides a simple and practical methodology for the design and use of UV decontamination equipment for FFRs and other multilayer materials.
Mineral Crystal Thickness in Calcified Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Healthy and Osteoarthritic Human Knees
Authors: Finnilä Mikko A.J. , Das Gupta Shuvashis , Turunen Mikael J. , Hellberg Iida , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Lutz-Bueno Viviane , Jonsson Elin , Holler Mirko , Ali Neserin , Hughes Velocity , Isaksson Hanna , Tjörnstrand Jon , Önnerfjord Patrik , Guizar-Sicairos Manuel , Saarakkala Simo , Englund Martin
Published: June 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, where articular cartilage degradation is often accompanied with sclerosis of the subchondral bone. However, the association between OA and tissue mineralization at the nanostructural level is currently not understood. In particular, it is technically challenging to study calcified cartilage, where relevant but poorly understood pathological processes such as tidemark multiplication and advancement occur. Here, we used state-of-the-art microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering with a 5-μm spatial resolution to determine the size and organization of the mineral crystals at the nanostructural level in human subchondral bone and calcified cartilage. Specimens with a wide spectrum of OA severities were acquired from both medial and lateral compartments of medial compartment knee OA patients (n = 15) and cadaver knees (n = 10). Opposing the common notion, we found that calcified cartilage has thicker and more mutually aligned mineral crystals than adjoining bone. In addition, we, for the first time, identified a well-defined layer of calcified cartilage associated with pathological tidemark multiplication, containing 0.32 nm thicker crystals compared to the rest of calcified cartilage. Finally, we found 0.2 nm thicker mineral crystals in both tissues of the lateral compartment in OA compared with healthy knees, indicating a loading-related disease process because the lateral compartment is typically less loaded in medial compartment knee OA. In summary, we report novel changes in mineral crystal thickness during OA. Our data suggest that unloading in the knee might be involved with the growth of mineral crystals, which is especially evident in the calcified cartilage. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Secret consumer behaviors in close relationships
Authors: Brick Danielle J. , Wight Kelley Gullo , Fitzsimons Gavan J.
Published: June 2022

Although close relationships are often characterized by openness and disclosure, in the present research, we propose that there are times when individuals choose not to tell close others about their consumer behavior, keeping it a secret. For example, one partner may eat a candy bar on the way home from work, hide a package that was delivered to the house, or hire a cleaning service and not tell the other partner. We theorize that this type of consumer behavior is both common and mundane. That is, the consumption itself is minor—and has likely been done with the partner's knowledge in the past—but is being intentionally kept from the partner. We further investigate whether such behavior has downstream effects on the relationship, despite its mundaneness. Five studies support our conceptualization of secret consumer behaviors in close relationships and illustrate one consequence: guilt from secret consumption leads to greater relationship investment. This research explores a common, yet understudied, area of consumer behavior and highlights areas for future research. Thus, we contribute to the literature by being the first work to examine emotional, behavioral, and relational aspects of secret consumer behavior.
TP53 Mutation Estimation Based on MRI Radiomics Analysis for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Kun , Zhu Hong , Chai Weimin , Yan Fuhua
Published: June 2022

Background

Noninvasive detection of TP53 mutations is useful for the molecular stratification of breast cancer.

Purpose

To explore MRI radiomics features reflecting TP53 mutations in breast cancer and propose a classifier for detecting such mutations.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population/Subjects

A total of 139 breast cancer patients with TP53 expression profiling (98 with TP53 mutations and 41 without TP53 mutations).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T, T1‐weighted (T1W) DCE‐MRI.

Assessment

Lesions were manually segmented using subtracted T1WI. A total of 944 radiomics features (including 744 wavelet‐related features) and 7 clinicopathological features were extracted from each lesion. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to preprocess the features. Linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) were used as the classifiers.

Statistical Tests

Analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis and recursive features elimination were used to select features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy.

Results

For the radiomics model, the validation cohorts AUCs of the four classifiers ranged from 0.69 (RF) to 0.74 (LR), and LR (0.74) attained the highest AUCs. For the clinicopathological–radiomics combined model, the validation AUCs of the four classifiers ranged from 0.68 (RF) to 0.86 (SVM), and SVM (0.86) attained highest AUCs. In the subgroup analysis of triple‐negative (TN) and luminal type breast cancer, RF achieved the highest AUCs (0.83 and 0.94).

Data Conclusion

Clinicopathological–radiomics combined model with SVM could be used as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting TP53 mutations. RF was recommended for the detection of TP53 mutations in TN and luminal type breast cancer.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Effects of baloxavir and oseltamivir antiviral therapy on the transmission of seasonal influenza in China: A mathematical modeling analysis
Authors: Jiang Yawen , Lin Yi‐Fan , Shi Si , Chen Daqin , Shu Yuelong
Published: June 2022

New antiviral influenza treatments can effectively alleviate illness while reducing viral shedding. However, how such effects can translate into lower population infections of seasonal influenza in China remains unknown. To shed light on the public health impacts of novel antiviral agents for influenza, we constructed a dynamic transmission model to simulate the seasonal influenza epidemics in China. Two antivirus treatments, baloxavir and oseltamivir, were evaluated by estimating their impacts on the incidences of influenza infection in a single flu season. In the base‐case analysis of a 10% antiviral treatment uptake rate, 2760 and 3420 per 10 000 persons contracted influenza under the treatment of baloxavir and oseltamivir, respectively. These incidence rates amounted to an 18.90% relative risk reduction (RRR) of infection associated with baloxavir in relation to oseltamivir. The corresponding RRR was 82.16% when the antiviral treatment uptake rate was increased to 35%. In addition, the peak of the prevalence of infected individuals per 10 000 persons under the baloxavir treatment was 177 (range: 93–274) fewer than that of oseltamivir. Our analyses suggest that the baloxavir treatment strategy reduces the incidence of influenza in China compared with oseltamivir in the setting of a seasonal flu epidemic. Also, increasing the uptake rate of antiviral treatment can potentially prevent millions of infections during a single flu season.
Level dependent alterations in human facet cartilage mechanics and bone morphometry with spine degeneration
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Xiao Rui , Fainor Matthew , Mauck Robert L. , Smith Harvey E. , Gullbrand Sarah E.
Published: June 2022

The zygapophyseal joints of the spine, also known as the facet joints, are paired diarthrodial joints posterior to the intervertebral disc and neural elements. The pathophysiology of facet osteoarthritis (OA), as well as crosstalk between the disc and facets, remains largely understudied compared to disc degeneration. The purpose of this study was to characterize alterations to human facet cartilage and subchondral bone across a spectrum of degeneration and to investigate correlations between disc and facet degeneration. Human lumbar facet articular surfaces from six independent donors were subject to creep indentation mechanical testing to quantify cartilage mechanical properties, followed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) analyses for subchondral bone morphometry. The degenerative state of each articular surface was assessed via macroscopic scoring and via Osteoarthritis Research Society International histopathology scoring. Our data suggest reduced facet cartilage compressive and tensile moduli and increased permeability with increasing degenerative grade, particularly at the lower levels of the spine. µCT analyses revealed spinal level‐dependent alterations to the subchondral bone, with an increase in trabecular bone at the L4−L5 level, but a decrease at the upper levels of the lumbar spine with increasing degenerative grade. Cortical bone volume fraction was generally decreased with increasing degenerative grade across spinal levels. Correlation analysis revealed several associations between quantitative measures of disc degeneration and facet OA. This study showed that alterations in the mechanical properties of facet cartilage and in the structural properties of facet subchondral bone correlated with aspects of disc degeneration and were highly dependent on spinal level.
Quantification and visualization of anterior pelvis bone density to optimize screw fixation: A novel technique
Authors: Allen Jerad D. , Telfer Scott , Linnau Kenneth F. , Brunnquell Christina L. , Zamora David A. , Hippe Daniel S. , Agel Julie , Kleweno Conor P.
Published: June 2022

Plate fixation of anterior pelvic ring fractures is often a vital component when surgically treating unstable pelvis fractures. Certain plate and screw configurations can have premature implant loosening, potentially in part due to insufficient pullout strength in lower density bone. This study sought to define densities about the anterior pelvic ring using a novel computer‐based technique. Thirty‐three patients who received a computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis for reasons other than pelvis fracture in a 1‐month time period were included. Three statistically distinct density regions of the anterior pelvis were identified based on the three‐dimensional (3D) density map. The densest regions included both the anterior and posterior aspects of the superior pubic ramus, along with the region of bone along the inferior cotyloid fossa. The intermediate density region included the caudal and medial pubic body. The least dense region included the anterior aspect of the inferior pubic ramus (IPR), the posterior pubic body, and the posterior/inferior IPR. This study presents specific quantification of anterior pelvis bone density based on a novel technique using opportunistic CT scans. Clinical Significance: Anterior surgical fixation of unstable pelvic ring injuries may benefit from targeting areas of higher density as described in this novel technique.