bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(التوافق الدراسي في علاقته بالتدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة لدى طالبات الدبلوم التربوي بالتخصصات العلمية والأدبية بجامعة جدة)
Authors: نبيلة أكرم بخاري نبيلة أكرم بخاري
Published: February 2020

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى كشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين التدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة, والكشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين التوافق الدراسي والرضا عن الحياة, بالإضافة إلى إمكانية التنبؤ بالتوافق الدراسي من كل من التدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة, والتوافق الدراسي وفقا للتخصص الدراسي (علمي/أدبي), فضلا عن الكشف عن الفروق في كل من التدفق النفسي والتوافق الدراسي وفقا لدرجة الرضا عن الحياة (مرتفعة/منخفضة), تكونت عينة الدراسة من (270) طالبة من طالبات الدبلوم التربوي بكلية التربية - جامعة جدة, بمتوسط عمري وقدره(22,2) عاما, وانحراف معياري وقدره (0,96), بالفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام (1437 – 1438), طبق عليهن مقياس التدفق النفسي الذي أعداه (jakson & Herbert 1999) وقامت الباحثة بتعريبه وتقنينه, ومقياس الرضا عن الحياة متعدد الأبعاد من إعداد (Huebner 2001) تعريب وتقنين الباحثة, فضلا عن مقياس التوافق الدراسي الذي أعده (youngman 1979), وقام الدريني عام (1985م) بتعريبه وتقنينه على البيئة العربية, وانتهت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين التدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة, كما وجدت علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين التدفق النفسي والتوافق الدراسي, كما تبين أن التدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة يسهمان في التنبؤ بالتوافق الدراسي, كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق بين أفراد العينة من التخصصين العلمي والأدبي في التوافق الدراسي لصالح التخصص العلمي, بينما لا توجد فروق بينهما في كل من التدفق النفسي والرضا عن الحياة, وأخيرا توصلت النتائج إلى وجود فروق بين أفراد العينة في كل من التدفق النفسي والتوافق الدراسي لصالح ذوي الرضا عن الحياة المرتفع.
الأريسيون الواردة في كتاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى هرقل إمبراطور الروم دراسة تاريخية تحليلية
Authors: عماد عابد عبد الله طاهر عماد عابد عبد الله طاهر
Published: February 2020

حظيت كتب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم التي دعا فيها الملوك والأمراء إلى الإسلام بعناية خاصة من المهتمين بسيرته صلى الله عليه وسلم وذلك لما تضمنته تلك الكتب من تأكيد على عالمية الدعوة الإسلامية, وعلى المنهج النبوي في التواصل مع معاصريه من الملوك والأمراء في الدعوة إلى الإسلام, إضافة إلى ما كانت تحمله تلك الكتب من قدرة بلاغية تهيأت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لمخاطبة كل أمة بمفردات خاصة بها تميزها عن غيرها, فجاءت كتب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حافلة بالعديد من تلك المفردات التي توقف أمامها أهل العلم بمختلف فروعهم وتخصصاتهم لدراسة تلك الكتب وتحليلها. من هنا جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الضوء على واحد من تلك الكتب وهو كتاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى هرقل امبراطور الروم, مع تركيز البحث على كلمة الأريسيين "الواردة في هذا الكتاب, حيث تباينت آراء أهل العلم, من المحدثين, والمؤرخين, واللغويين, حول تفسير هذه الكلمة, وتحديد المراد منها, والمقصود بها, وذلك بسبب اختلاف الرسم الذي وردت به من رواية إلى أخرى. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تتبع تلك الآراء ودراستها وتحليلها من خلال مقابلتها بالنصوص الواردة في المصادر الأولية, واستعراض أوجه الخلاف بين تلك الآراء, والترجيح بينها بهدف الوصول إلى المعنى الحقيقي لهذه الكلمة, والمراد بها.
الإعلام الجديد وأثره في خدمة القرآن وعلومه.” التطبيقات الإلكترونية للقرآن الكريم انموذجاً - الواقع والآفاق -" ومدى الاستفادة منها والتمييز بين المعتبر وغير المعتبر منها لدى بعض طالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة وموقفهن من التطبيقات المحرفة(
Authors: خيرية بنت علي بن عبدالله الشهري خيرية بنت علي بن عبدالله الشهري
Published: February 2020

الإعلام الجديد وأثره في خدمة القرآن وعلومه.” التطبيقات الإلكترونية للقرآن الكريم انموذجاً - الواقع والآفاق -" ومدى الاستفادة منها والتمييز بين المعتبر وغير المعتبر منها لدى بعض طالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة وموقفهن من التطبيقات المحرفة( والهدف من هذا البحث: رصد واقع التطبيقات القرآنية بين الإيجاب والسلب, وطرح افكار تطويرية وتكاملية تهدف إلى الارتقاء بالتطبيقات القرآنية, وقياس مدى استفادة شريحة من طالبات جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجده منها, وقياس وعيهن بالمعتبر وغير المعتبر من هذه التطبيقات. وجمع هذا البحث بين المنهج الاستقرائي – بتتبع التطبيقات الإلكترونية للقرآن الكريم -, وبين الدراسة التحليلية لهذه التطبيقات, كما اتبع المنهج الوصفي بإجراء دراسة مسحية على شريحة من طالبات جامعة المؤسس, لقياس مدى استفادتهن ووعيهن حيال التطبيقات القرآنية ومن نتائج البحث: • قيام مراكز متخصصة في خدمة القرآن في السعودية والكويت بدور حضاري وبناء, باستحداث تطبيقات ذات جودة عالية, لتكون لها الريادة العالمية, خدمة لكتاب الله, وتصديا للتطبيقات المشبوهة. • الإقبال الكبير من عموم المسلمين على التطبيقات المعتبرة, حيث بلغ عدد مرات التثبيت لهذه التطبيقات ملايين المرات • إقبال عدد كبير من طالبات جامعة المؤسس على تحميل التطبيقات المعتبرة, والاستفادة منها تعبديا أو علميا, ووعيهن بأهمية التأكد من سلامة التطبيق القرآني, وقدرة نسبة كبيرة منهن على التمييز بين التطبيقات المعتبرة, وغير المعتبرة. ومن التوصيات المقترحة: وجوب تحري الموثق من التطبيقات الالكترونية ‎,والخالي من الأخطاء, والتوعية المستمرة بذلك, كما يتوجب عل المراكز القرآنية التعاون مع شركات ومؤسسات التقنية , للاستمرار في استحداث وتطوير التطبيقات القرآنية ذات الجودة العالية , بما يتماشى مع التطور السريع في هذا المجال.
الدروس العقدية من صلح الحديبية
Authors: مريم علي الحوشاني مريم علي الحوشاني
Published: February 2020

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحابته اجمعين أما بعد: فالمتأمل في السيرة النبوية وأحداثها يجد أنه أمام مدرسة تربوية وعقدية وسياسية عظيمة , ومن تلك الاحداث صلح الحديبية الذي كان منعطفاً مهما في مسيرة الدعوة الإسلامية , ولأهمية هذا الحدث كان هذا البحث الموسوم ب(الدروس العقدية من صاح الحديبية) وفق خطة تكونت من تمهيد وأربعة مباحث وخاتمة وفهارس , واشتمل التمهيد على بيان مكان وزمن ومدة الصلح والذي حدث في يوم الاثنين من ذي القعدة سنة ست من الهجرة في الحديبية وسمي الصلح بها وكانت مدته عشر سنين. ثم تحدث المبحث الأول عن أسباب الصلح وكان منها أن النبي-صلى الله عليه وسلم- قدم مكة يريد العمرة لا القتال , وإصرار كفار قريش على منعهم دون مواجهة عسكرية لخوفهم من المسلمين وخاصة بعد بيعة الرضوان واعتقاد كفار قريش أن الصلح سيعود عليهم بالخير والنفع. ثم كان المبحث الثاني في الحديث عن كتابة الصلح وبنوده والتي بلغت ستة بنود منها: رجوع المسلمين دون عمرة وقضاؤها العام المقبل , ارجاع كل قرشي يريد الإسلام إلى قريش , وقبول كل مسلم يأتي لقريش , وضع الحرب عشر سنين بينهم , وفي المبحث الثالث ارتكز الحديث عن الدروس العقدية المستوحاة من صلح الحديبية والتي منها: أن رؤيا الأنبياء وحي , واستحباب الفأل وإحسان الظن بالآخرين, وآية تكثير الماء دليل على نبوته –صلى الله عليه وسلم- ووجوب التسليم لله ورسوله-صلى الله عليه وسلم- ووجوب محاسبة النفس , وجواز القيام على رأس الكبير وهو جالس , وكفر من اعتقد تأثير الكواكب, وحكم التبرك بآثار النبي-صلى الله عليه وسلم- الشريفة وموافقة الكفار في بعض طلباتهم لا تعني موالاتهم ومحبتهم, ووجوب طاعة ولي الأمر, وتعظيم حرمات الله وأن قضاء الله كله خير, وعدم تحكيم الأهواء, وحب الصحابة للنبي-صلى الله عليه وسلم- .وفي المبحث الرابع إشارة مختصرة للفوائد والمكاسب التي حققها صلح الحديبية ومنها فتح مكة, والاعتراف الرسمي بالإسلام ودولته, وإلقاء مهابة المسلمين في قلوب الأعداء, وتفرغ الرسول-- للدعوة لله, ومحارية اليهود ومن يناوئهم واستراحة المسلمين من الحرب. ثم ختم البحث بخاتمة اشتملت على نتائج وتوصيات استخلصت اثناء البحث وذيل البحث بنهايته بفهرس للمصادر والمراجع.
سيمياء الجسد في ديوان "أول الجسد لآخر البحر" لأدونيس (الانفتاح الدلالي والتشاكل السيميائي)
Authors: منى الغامدي منى الغامدي
Published: February 2020

يتناول هذا البحث تحليل تصور أدونيس الشعري للجسد بوصفه علامة من السطح إلى العمق, من خلال تمثل نموذج البنية العاملية عند غريماس التي وزعها على ثلاثة محاور: محور التواصل, ومحور الرغبة: ومحور الصراع, حيث يشتمل محور التواصل على المرسل والمرسل إليه, بينما يشتمل محور الرغبة على الذات والموضوع, ويشتمل محور الصراع على المساعد والمعارض. وقد اقتصر البحث في تحليل هذه المحاور على محوري الرغبة والصراع, نظرا لتواجد محور التواصل بوفرة كبيرة في النصوص السردية القصصية, وانعدامه غالبا في النصوص الشعرية. ويجمع محور الرغبة بين الذات الراغبة / الشاعرة طبقا لنصوص أدونيس الشعربة, والمرغوب فيه (الموضوع). وبناء على هذه العلاقة بين الذات والموضوع يتم الانتقال من حالة إلى أخرى أي من حالة الاتصال إلى الانفصال أو العكس. وقد استدعت هذه الدراسة مفاهيم سيميائية متعددة, مثل السيميوز والتشاكل والمريع السيميائي. كما انطلقت من أطروحات بيرس حول أنواع المؤول يوصفها أدوات إجرائية تعين على إدراك تصور أدونيس للجسد في حدود نصوصه الشعرية ضمن مفهوم العلامة الذي ينطوي على تعد الدلالات.
التكرار في شعر ابن عبد ربه دراسة فنية
Authors: سليم ساعد السلمي سليم ساعد السلمي
Published: February 2020

. إن تنوع التكرار في شعر ابن عبد ربه ظاهرة لها أثرها القوي والفاعل في إبراز ملامح الشاعر الإبداعية, إذ حاول الشاعر الابتعاد عن التكلف والتنميق اللفظي والتزيين اللغوي, ما جعله يميل الى شعراء الطبع أكثر من شعراء الصنعة, وسيتضح ذلك من خلال تناول ظاهرة التكرار في ديوان الشاعر في كل الأغراض الرثاء والمدح وغيرها. وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن الدراسات في التكرار عند ابن عبدربه عزيزة إلا ما قل منها منثورا في بعض الدراسات, ما جعل الباحث يعمد إلى عنايتها بالدراسة للوقوف على جماليات التكرار لدى الشاعر وفنيته.
Enhancement of Liver Toxicity on Diabetes Mellitus by a Universal Chemical Pollutant (Acrylonitrile) in Rats
Authors: Alharthi Sameer E.
Published: February 2020

The present study was designed to investigate potential liver damage due to acrylonitrile in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 treatment groups. Nondiabetic control rat receiving distilled water, non-diabetic rat receiving acrylonitrile aqueous solution (10 mg/kg/day), diabetic control rat receiving distilled water and diabetic rat receiving acrylonitrile aqueous solution. All groups received the treatment for 4 weeks. The animals were assessed for hepatoxicity markers in serum, oxidative stress markers, CYP2E1 activity and cyanide formation in tissues. Acrylonitrile significantly elevated serum aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol in diabetic groups as compared to normal control group. Antioxidant markers like glutathione showed significant decline while a significant increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase in diabetic rats treated with acrylonitrile. CYP2E1 activity was observed in acrylonitrile – exposed nondiabetic and diabetic groups as compared to control. Cyanide formation was raised in both the nondiabetic and diabetic groups as compared to control group. Acrylonitriles can produce acute hepatic injury, induction of diabetes mellitus type II, and accomplish the CYP2E1 enzyme which sequentially leads to generation of oxidative stress and its metabolic product–cyanide that may potentiate the oxidative stress posing more deleterious effect.
Characterizing Occupational Low Back Pain among Surgeons Working in Ministry of Health Hospitals: Prevalence, Clinical Features and Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Aseri Khaled Saeed , Mulla Abeer Ahmed , Alwaraq Raghda Majdy , Bahannan Raneen Jamal
Published: February 2020

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence as well as the determinants and clinical features of occupational low back pain among surgeons working at Ministry of Health hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by exploring its history combined with time of onset after starting the operating room work and self-appraisal of the relationship with the surgical work. Factors and predictors such as professional, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, medical history, etc. were collected and analyzed. Two hundred and sixteen surgeons (69.9% males, mean age 39.03 years, median work: 5.00 years) responded. Prevalence of occupational low back pain was 55.8% (95% CI: 49.0%, 62.3%); high rates of inadequate management and self-treatment had a notable impact on all 4 domains. Multivariate regression showed two independent protective factors (regular physical exercise [OR = 0.27, P = 0.002] and back health education [OR = 0.41, P = 0.031] and two independent risk factors (high exposure to risky activities [OR = 1.06, P = 0.048] and presence of chronic pain other than back pain [OR = 2.59, P = 0.012]). More than one in two surgeons are likely to suffer from occupational low back pain. The protective roles of regular physical activity and back health education are highlighted
Male Circumcision: A Practice Survey from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawazir Osama Abdullah , Sembawa Hatem
Published: February 2020

The study aims to evaluate the various techniques used to perform circumcision in Saudi Arabia. In September 2018, this cross-sectional survey was performed. A questionnaire was sent to all pediatric surgery units across the Kingdom. The responses to the questionnaire were analyzed and categorized. A total of 176 questionnaires were send and more than half (56.3%) of the practitioners filled the questioners, 62 (63%) were consultants, 19 (19%) were specialists and 19 (19%) were trainee in pediatric surgery fellowship program. Circumcisions were performed in Maternity and Children hospitals (32.3%), tertiary hospitals (32.3%), private hospitals (16%) and in general or academic hospitals (19%). The most commonly used method for circumcision was Gomco clamp (n = 39; 39.6%) followed by Plastibell (n = 30; 30%) and bone cutter (n = 25; 25.4%). The optimal time for circumcision was in neonatal period. Eighty-six percent of the surgeons agree that 2.5 to 5 kg is the optimal weight for the baby to do circumcision. In Saudi Arabia circumcision is a religious practice done for every Muslim male. It should be done by trained medical practitioner and circumcision done by non-medical personal should be avoided. Circumcision should be performed in the neonatal period and attention should be given to analgesia.
Effect of Pharmacists’ Interventions on the Appropriateness of Empiric Vancomycin Therapy in Oncology Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Baghdady Nour , Voit Daniel , McDonell Anne M. , Kubiak David W.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate the effect of an active pharmacy intervention to facilitate timely discontinuation of empiric vancomycin therapy in oncology patients with febrile neutropenia who lack objective evidence of a Gram-positive infection. This was a two-phase study. Vancomycin use was evaluated retrospectively on all oncology patients with febrile neutropenia over four weeks (phase I). In a parallel four weeks a year later, vancomycin use in this patient population was evaluated prospectively (phase II). In the absence of evidence of Gram-positive infection after 72 hours of treatment initiation, the team was contacted by a pharmacist to encourage discontinuation. Usage was compared between both phases. Forty-three patients in phase I and 25 patients in phase II were treated with vancomycin with no evidence for Gram-positive infections. Pharmacists’ interventions were documented on 18 patients in phase II. Of these, 56% of interventions to discontinue vancomycin were accepted, but only 33.3% of patients had treatment stopped within 72 hours of initiation. Although not significant, a trend in more appropriate use of vancomycin in oncology patients with febrile neutropenia was observed. Pharmacist’s interventions might have played a role in this observation.
Psychological Capital in the prediction of Higher Education Teachers’ Well-being: Motivation as a Mediator: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Zewude Girum Tareke , Hercz Maria
Published: February 2020

The main aim of this review of the literature concerns the role of positive psychological capital on teachers’ well-being, and it proposes a new teachers’ well-being model which will be applicable in an educational context and based on the recommendation of earlier studies using a positive psychology capital. The analyses of this study are based on some of the prominent-suggested critiques in teachers’ well-being, its construct and assessment. It reviews the literature using a wide-range of diverse studies on teachers’ well-being in elementary and secondary school focused on the pathological lens and healing specific disorders under a variety of life-threatening conditions across cultural contexts. Seligman and colleagues criticised that psychologists gave much prominence to mental disorders and pathologies, overlooking two crucial missions of the field of psychology: (a) helping healthy people to be happier and more productive, and (b) actualising human potential. Workplaces and educational institutions have been greatly influenced by this paradigm shift beyond other areas and positive psychology. Depending on this purpose, and based on the literature gap and relevance of the issues, this study used a theoretical model by  Luthans; Youssef & Avolio (2007)is known as Psychological capital; hedonism well-being of E. Diener (2009a); and Collie R., Shapka, J., Perry, N., & Martin(2015) work-related well-being. Depending on the purpose of this review, the first section provides different empirical pieces of evidence on positive psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism) on teachers’ well-being highlighted. The third section focuses on psychological capital, and each component is discussed. The fourth section emphases the mediation role of motivation. The fifth section provides the link between psychological capital and teachers’ well-being; it discusses the results of relevant research findings. Section six presents the theoretical framework of this study. Since the positive psychological structure is an inclusive model that considers/melds/compresses theoretical and practical aspect, and it has been developed for different organisations, it can be considered as a potential enhancement mechanism of different psychological and work-related problems at the workplace. Lastly, the present study contributes to the further development of a solid, still missing, theory on comprehensive teachers’ well-being, and suggests its implications for educational practice.
A Corpus-Based Study on Mood Combination Preference in Two-Clause Composite Sentences in Modern Chinese
Authors: Wan Guangrong , Yu Chengfa
Published: February 2020

Every clause is associated with a specific expressive intention and bears a specific mood: declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamative. Different moods are combined with the juxtaposition of clauses. A compound sentence has a homogeneous mood combination between its constituent clauses, while the mood in a complex sentence is usually counted on its main clause with the mood in its subordinate clause(s) drowned. Clauses in a Chinese sentence, however, are independent in terms of mood; that is to say, the mood of the whole sentence is the combination of moods of each clause. Tendency for mood combination of two-clause composite sentences in modern Chinese is demonstrated as follows: 1) Homogeneous mood combinations greatly exceed heterogeneous ones; the “declarative + declarative” type outnumbers other types; and there are more combinations with a declarative mood than those without; 2) The more convincing the meaning of a particle indicates, the more frequently the corresponding mood appears in the first part of the combinations; and the mood realized by a modal adverb appears in the second part if another mood is not realized by a modal adverb; 3) A conjunction highly restricts the mood combination; and the frequency of mood combination in coordinate and causal clauses is approximately equal, much higher than that in adversative clauses.
Genre Analysis of Civil Engineering’s Research Article Introductions
Authors: Manzoor Hina , Majeed Aisha , Munaf Madiha
Published: February 2020

The present study explores the structures of Civil Engineering research articles’ (RA) introductions based on Swales’ 1990 CARS (Create a Research Space) model. It analyzes fifteen Civil Engineering research articles’ introductions according to the move structure and linguistic features that would indicate the use and avoidance of the move. Findings show that move-pattern in RA introductions of this field follow all three moves but it does not adhere to the proposed sequence given in the model. It is suggested for enhancement of reading and writing skills and subject knowledge of ESL/EFL/ESP students, pedagogy of CARS model can play an effective role as it is still applicable.
On the Syntax of Sentential Negation in Yemeni Arabic
Authors: Alqurashi Abdulrahman , Abduljalil Mukarram
Published: February 2020

In this paper we explore the system of negation in modern Arabic dialects with a particular focus on Yemeni Arabic (Raymi dialect). The data observed in this dialect incorporate important and novel facts related to the syntax of sentential negation in Arabic. This includes the distribution of negation patterns and the interaction between negation and negative polarity items, which challenges the two widely adopted analyses for sentential negation in Arabic: The Spec-NegP analysis and the discontinuous Neg analysis. In this paper we argue that neither analysis can provide an adequate account of Raymi Arabic facts. Instead, a more recent analysis, the Spilt-Neg analysis, can accommodate them. In addition, in the study we provide empirical evidence in support of the Higher-Neg analysis, wherein Neg is projected higher than T in the derivation.
Rhetorical and Persuasive Strategies Employed by Imran Khan in his Victory Speech: A Socio-Political Discourse Analysis
Authors: Saeed Unaiza , Aslam Muhammad Zammad , Khan Abdulrehman , Khan Mahnoor , Atiq Maria , Bhatti Humayun
Published: February 2020

This study aims to explore the rhetorical and persuasive strategies employed by a political leader to propagate his ideology using language. It intends to critically analyze the victory speech of Pakistani Premier Imran Khan (IK)—the Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)—which he delivered at the Prime Minister House, Islamabad, after being elected as the 22nd Premier of Pakistan in 2018. The researchers attempt to unveil and analyze critically the strategies that worked behind this speech to persuade the audience. Different linguistic tools used for projecting and achieving political power have been identified and scrutinized. The qualitative analysis of the speech is based on theory of Aristotle’s Rhetoric; Ethos, Pathos, Logos and other persuasive strategies like use of personal pronoun, predication strategy, and positive self-presentation and negative others-presentation employed by IK, and further to study how language carries the power of transforming the perception and political views of people. The findings suggest that political discourse is intentionally crafted to communicate and persuade people about specific ideologies located in the discourse in an implicit way and IK uses the Aristotelian rhetorical model comprising of rhetoric, predication strategy, and self-presentation and negative Others-presentation strategy to persuade his audience to follow his hidden agendas.
English /r/ in L2 and Pidgin/Creole Languages
Authors: Mousa Ahmed
Published: February 2020

This study aims to investigate how Arab L1 learners of English and speakers of the Broad Jamaican Creole cope with the production of the approximant /r/ preconsonantly, post vocalically and in Stop+/r/ clusters, according to the RP norm. To this end, a list of words containing the approximant in the above three environments was given to the two groups, to read. Their production was tape recorded and transcribed. The approximant was nearly totally produced as trill in the three environments by the Arab learners, though one learner managed to produce an American-like /r/ in addition to the trill. On the other hand, the Jamaican informants produced the approximant according to the RP norm and as an American-like /r/. Whereas Lass’s (1984) assumption regarding the preference for trills proved to be true for the Arab learners, it was not the case with the Jamaican informants, in whose production trill was entirely absent. The study also provided further support to the view that phonological acquisition is achieved by gradual reinforcement of motor patterns.
An Analytical Study of Pre-Trial Processes in Speedy Disposal of Cases in the Criminal Justice System of Malaysia
Authors: Ali Sadaqut , Razi Muhammad
Published: February 2020

This paper is an attempt to analyse the role of pre-trial processes in the criminal justice system in Malaysia as far as the speedy justice is concerned. Before 2010, Malaysia faced a huge backlog of criminal cases in the court; however, it made amendments in the code of criminal procedure and introduced the pre-trial processes in the criminal justice system of Malaysia to resolve the huge backlog and to promote the speedy trial. The researcher in this research has determined and explored that how pre-trial processes work in the way of disposal of criminal justice, and how it has reduced the huge backlog of criminal cases from the courts. The researcher has explained many case laws, provisions of criminal procedure code and described the opinions of judges and legal entities in Malaysia.
Criminological Characteristics of Migrant Crimes: Russian and Foreign Practices
Authors: Kabanov Pavel , Khairutdinova Liliya , Bulanova Leisan
Published: February 2020

Migrants and ever-rising incidences of immigrant crimes tend to be perceived as a serious threat provoking fear and apprehension throughout the world. The current study provides useful insights into immigrant criminality and the ways of its deterrence. However, despite all recent attempts to carry out the scientific assessment of criminological characteristics of the studied social and legal phenomenon there is a strong need for a comprehensive study of foreign scientific literature and practice.
Effect of Family Functioning on Preschoolers’ School Readiness: Mediating Effects of Mothers’ Affective Parenting and Preschoolers’ Self-regulation
Authors: Jung Suji , Choi Naya
Published: February 2020

This study examined if the effect of family functioning on preschoolers’ school readiness can be mediated by mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation in the year before children enter elementary school. This study analyzed the 7th year data of panel study of Korean children collected by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education. Statistical analysis included 1,513 pairs of 6-year-old children and mothers. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 22 and Amos 20. The primary findings were as follows. First, the sub-factors of preschoolers’ school readiness composed of children’s social and emotional development, approach to learning, cognitive development and general knowledge, and communication were positively correlated with family functioning, mothers’ affective parenting, and preschoolers’ self-regulation. Second, the result of structural equation modeling showed that the indirect paths from family functioning to preschoolers’ school readiness through mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation were significant, while the direct path was insignificant. Third, bootstrapping analysis showed that mothers’ affective parenting and preschoolers’ self-regulation fully mediated the relationship between family functioning and preschoolers’ self-regulation. The findings provide the grounds for families and parents with preschool aged children to implement effective support practices to maintain a functional family system that can promote preschoolers’ school readiness.
Effect of Moral Disengagement on Cyberbullying Perpetration in Middle School Students and the Moderating Role of Self-Control
Authors: Jung Do Young , Park Ju Hee
Published: February 2020

This study examined the effects of moral disengagement (cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim) and selfcontrol on cyberbullying perpetration and investigated if self-control moderated the relationship between moral disengagement (cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim) and cyberbullying perpetration. Participants in the study consisted of 551 middle school students (273 boys and 278 girls) from five middle schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Cyberbullying perpetration, moral disengagement and self-control were measured using the Bullying/ Victimization Questionnaire, the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale, and the Self-Control Scale for children and adolescents. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and a hierarchical regression analysis. The moderating effect of self-control was analyzed using procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). The results indicated that both levels of cognitive restructuring and blaming the victim increased cyberbullying perpetration whereas the level of self-control decreased cyberbullying perpetration. In addition, self-control moderated the effect of cognitive restructuring on cyberbullying perpetration. The influence of cognitive restructuring on cyberbullying perpetration was greater when the level of self-control was low, compared to when it was high.
Mediating Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on the Relationship between Alcohol Use and Relational Satisfaction: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis
Authors: Woo Sungbum , Lee Youngsun
Published: February 2020

This study examined the mediating effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) between alcohol use and relational satisfaction by the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). For this study, data were drawn from the 13th -wave Korea Welfare Panel data and a total of 2,263 married couples were included in the analysis. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24 were used to analyze data and the Actor Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) examined the mediating effect. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the actor effect and the partner effect on the relationship of alcohol use and partner violence were all verified to be positive effects. Second, the actor effect and the partner effect on the relationship of partner violence and relational satisfaction were all verified to be negative effects. Third, comparison of the actor effect and partner effect between the husband and wife showed that the partner effect in which alcohol use to partner violence was greater in the husband than in the wife. In addition, both the actor and partner effect of violent reducing their relational satisfaction were greater in wives than in husbands. The findings of this study suggest that IPV has a mediating role between couples’ alcohol use and the relational satisfaction and husband’s violent behavior has more negative effect on the quality of the relationship than the wife’s violent behavior.
Copolymer/Clay Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Murugesan Selvakumar , Scheibel Thomas
Published: February 2020

Nanoclays still hold a great strength in biomedical nanotechnology applications due to their exceptional properties despite the development of several new nanostructured materials. This article reviews the recent advances in copolymer/clay nanocomposites with a focus on health care applications. In general, the structure of clay comprises aluminosilicate layers separated by a few nanometers. Recently, nanoclay‐incorporated copolymers have attracted the interest of both researchers and industry due to their phenomenal properties such as barrier function, stiffness, thermal/flame resistance, superhydrophobicity, biocompatibility, stimuli responsiveness, sustained drug release, resistance to hydrolysis, outstanding dynamic mechanical properties including resilience and low temperature flexibility, excellent hydrolytic stability, and antimicrobial properties. Surface modification of nanoclays provides additional properties due to improved adhesion between the polymer matrix and the nanoclay, high surface free energy, a high degree of intercalation, or exfoliated morphology. The architecture of the copolymer/clay nanocomposites has great impact on biomedical applications, too, by providing various cues especially in drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine.
Hierarchical Microswarms with Leader–Follower‐Like Structures: Electrohydrodynamic Self‐Organization and Multimode Collective Photoresponses
Authors: Liang Xiong , Mou Fangzhi , Huang Zhen , Zhang Jianhua , You Ming , Xu Leilei , Luo Ming , Guan Jianguo
Published: February 2020

Swarming micro/nanomotors can self‐organize into cohesive groups to execute cooperative tasks. To date, research work has focused on the construction of egalitarian microswarms composed of similar individuals. The construction and collective behaviors of hierarchical leader–follower‐like microswarms are demonstrated. By inducing converging electrohydrodynamic flows under an AC electric field, dielectric microparticles with different sizes and dielectric properties can hierarchically self‐organize into leader–follower‐like microswarms under attractive electrohydrodynamic interactions, and show novel emergent collective behaviors. First, different from immobile single constituents or egalitarian clusters, the hierarchical microswarms autonomously move with tunable speed. Second, they exhibit multimode collective photoresponses emerging from different behaviors of the constituents in response to light signals. With a vertical UV signal, the photoresponsive followers tend to surround the leader and stop the microswarm. In response to sidewise UV signals, the constituents with stronger phototaxis would migrate to the position away from light stimuli, and thus the microswarms reorient parallel/antiparallel to the light direction and perform collective positive/negative phototaxis. Due to differential roles and huge design spaces of constituents, the hierarchical microswarms are envisioned to possess merits of high‐efficiency, multiresponsiveness, and multifunctions, and may serve as intelligent micro/nanorobot systems for biomedicine and microengineering.
Strengthening the Interface between Flower‐Like VS4 and Porous Carbon for Improving Its Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Yu Lü‐qiang , Zhao Shi‐Xi , Wu Qi‐long , Zhao Jian‐Wei , Wei Guo‐dan
Published: February 2020

Carbon materials are frequently used to improve the cycle and rate performance of VS4 as anode material for lithium ion batteries. However, the interfacial interaction between VS4 and carbon has not been elucidated clearly. Various VS4@C composites are prepared and the interface between VS4 and porous carbon is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and first‐principles calculations. The interfacial structure between VS4 and carbon and the mechanism of flower‐like VS4 growth on carbon substrate are revealed clearly. The results indicate that C−V bonds and C−O−V bonds are formed when oxygen functional groups are introduced into the porous carbon, and the C−V bonds and C−O−V bonds accelerate the electron transport and enhance structural stability of the VS4@C composite. Deriving from the unique structure and robust interfacial interaction, the electrochemical performances of VS4@C composite are much better than that of pure VS4. Moreover, through the study of lithium storage mechanism of VS4 anode, it is found that there is an irreversible amorphization change of the original VS4 in the first cycle, and that during the following electrochemical process, the main storage behavior of lithium ions derives from the insertion−extraction reactions in the amorphous VS4 with the reaction between V4+ and V3+.
Donor‐Flexible Bis(pyridylidene amide) Ligands for Highly Efficient Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Olefin Oxidation
Authors: Salzmann Kevin , Segarra Candela , Albrecht Martin
Published: February 2020

An exceptionally efficient ruthenium‐based catalyst for olefin oxidation has been designed by exploitingN,N′‐bis(pyridylidene)oxalamide (bisPYA) as a donor‐flexible ligand. The dynamic donor ability of the bisPYA ligand, imparted by variable zwitterionic and neutral resonance structure contributions, paired with the redox activity of ruthenium provided catalytic activity for Lemieux–Johnson‐type oxidative cleavage of olefins to efficiently prepare ketones and aldehydes. The ruthenium bisPYA complex significantly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art systems and displays extraordinary catalytic activity in this oxidation, reaching turnover frequencies of 650 000 h−1and turnover numbers of several millions.
Specific “Unlocking” of a Nanozyme‐Based Butterfly Effect To Break the Evolutionary Fitness of Chaotic Tumors
Authors: Zhen Wenyao , Liu Yang , Wang Wei , Zhang Mengchao , Hu Wenxue , Jia Xiaodan , Wang Chao , Jiang Xiue
Published: February 2020

Chaos and the natural evolution of tumor systems can lead to the failure of tumor therapies. Herein, we demonstrate that iridium oxide nanoparticles (IrOx) possess acid‐activated oxidase and peroxidase‐like functions and wide pH‐dependent catalase‐like properties. The integration of glucose oxidase (GOD) unlocked the oxidase and peroxidase activities of IrOx by the production of gluconic acid from glucose by GOD catalysis in cancer cells, and the produced H2O2 was converted into O2 to compensate its consumption in GOD catalysis owing to the catalase‐like function of the nanozyme, thus resulting in the continual consumption of glucose and the self‐supply of substrates to generate superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. Moreover, IrOx can constantly consume glutathione (GSH) by self‐cyclic valence alternation of IrIV and IrIII. These cascade reactions lead to a “butterfly effect” of initial starvation therapy and the subsequent pressure of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) to completely break the self‐adaption of cancer cells.
Synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching coupling via aperiodically quantized intermittent pinning control
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Feng Jianwen , Wang Jingyi , Zhao Yi
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we investigate the synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching couplings. The complex network we deal with subjects to Markovian switching couplings, noise perturbations and internal and outer time‐varying delays, which is a more general model and has wide applications. The control scheme we employ is the aperiodically quantized intermittent pinning control. By using the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, It
's formula and the linear matrix inequality (LMI), sufficient conditions for synchronization of complex networks with Markovian switching couplings are obtained. A numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical results.
Approach to generate 3D‐printed terrain models using free software and open data sources: Application to military planning
Authors: Solla Mercedes , Casqueiro Carlos , del Cuvillo Ignacio
Published: February 2020

The students of the Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy (Marín, northwest of Spain) attend both the military studies and mechanical engineering degrees. These students are the future officers of the Spanish Navy. Among them, the Marine Corp students attend subjects focused on topography, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and an amphibious landing. In this framework, this paper presents an example of an application of the use of physical models for a better understanding of the terrain, as well as for landscape design or military planning. Through the use of different GIS and Computer‐Aided Design software, the students have to demonstrate their capabilities to create and produce three‐dimensional (3D) printed models. This work shows how the use of printed scale models of the terrain offers visualization advantages and more understanding to students when compared with virtual models or traditional maps. Additionally, a methodological approach is presented aiming to produce 3D‐printed models using open data sources and free license software. From a point cloud of data, this software allowed creating and editing the virtual model (scales, vertical exaggeration, smooth, etc.), as well as to merge different point clouds. The methodology was applied to the Island of Tambo (Galicia, Spain). Using Light Detection and Ranging data, several printed scale models were elaborated on, including the Digital Terrain Model and Digital Elevation Model. Additionally, a bathymetric model was created, aiming to assist in the design of an amphibious operation.
Anemia from A to zinc: Hypocupremia in the setting of gastric bypass and zinc excess
Authors: Tatineni Vineeth , An Julie Y. , Leffew Matthew R. , Mahesh Sameer A.
Published: February 2020

Hypocupremia can result in a bi‐lineage deficiency of leukocytes and erythrocytes. Although commonly seen from gastrointestinal malabsorption, hypocupremia can be further exacerbated with excessive zinc intake causing increased fecal copper excretion. Dietary supplementation is prevalent in the outpatient setting and must be considered as a possible source of hematologic pathologies.
Bullous pemphigoid‐like skin rash associated with Rivaroxaban use in a very elderly patient with multimorbidity and chronic kidney disease: A case report
Authors: Chohan Shakil Ahmed , Balasubramanian Diraviyam , Ee Samuel
Published: February 2020

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly being used in the elderly population in view of its ease of use, efficacy, and favorable side‐effect profile compared with the vitamin K antagonists. However, there is a need for increase awareness of well‐characterized cases, albeit a small number, of bullous pemphigoid‐like skin reactions associated with rivaroxaban.
Consecutive Photoinduced Electron Transfer (conPET): The Mechanism of the Photocatalyst Rhodamine 6G
Authors: Brandl Fabian , Bergwinkl Sebastian , Allacher Carina , Dick Bernhard
Published: February 2020

The dye rhodamine 6G can act as a photocatalyst through photoinduced electron transfer. After electronic excitation with green light, rhodamine 6G takes an electron from an electron donor, such as N,N‐diisopropylethylamine, and forms the rhodamine 6G radical. This radical has a reduction potential of around −0.90 V and can split phenyl iodide into iodine anions and phenyl radicals. Recently, it has been reported that photoexcitation of the radical at 420 nm splits aryl bromides into bromide anions and aryl radicals. This requires an increase in reduction potential, hence the electronically excited rhodamine 6G radical was proposed as the reducing agent. Here, we present a study of the mechanism of the formation and photoreactions of the rhodamine 6G radical by transient absorption spectroscopy in the time range from femtoseconds to minutes in combination with quantum chemical calculations. We conclude that one photon of 540 nm light produces two rhodamine 6G radicals. The lifetime of the photoexcited radicals of around 350 fs is too short to allow diffusion‐controlled interaction with a substrate. A fraction of the excited radicals ionize spontaneously, presumably producing solvated electrons. This decay produces hot rhodamine 6G and hot rhodamine 6G radicals, which cool with a time constant of around 10 ps. In the absence of a substrate, the ejected electrons recombine with rhodamine 6G and recover the radical on a timescale of nanoseconds. Photocatalytic reactions occur only upon excitation of the rhodamine 6G radical, and due to its short excited‐state lifetime, the electron transfer to the substrate probably takes place through the generation of solvated electrons as an additional step in the proposed photochemical mechanism.
Aqueous Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Double Perovskite Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Wang Hailin , Frontera Carlos , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Pomar Alberto , Roura Pere , Martínez Benjamín , Mestres Narcis
Published: February 2020

Double perovskite structure (A2BB′O6) oxides exhibit a breadth of multifunctional properties with a huge potential range of applications in fields as diverse as spintronics, magneto‐optic devices, or catalysis, and most of these applications require the use of thin films and heterostructures. Chemical solution deposition techniques are appearing as a very promising methodology to achieve epitaxial oxide thin films combining high performance with high throughput and low cost. In addition, the physical properties of these materials are strongly dependent on the ordered arrangement of cations in the double perovskite structure. Thus, promoting spontaneous cationic ordering has become a relevant issue. In this work, our recent achievements by using polymer‐assisted deposition (PAD) of environmentally friendly, water‐based solutions for the growth of epitaxial ferromagnetic insulating double perovskite La2CoMnO6 and La2NiMnO6 thin films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 single‐crystal substrates are presented. It is shown that the particular crystallization and growth process conditions of PAD (very slow rate, close to thermodynamic equilibrium conditions) promote high crystallinity and quality of the films, as well as favors spontaneous B‐site cationic ordering.
A Novel One‐Day Learning Procedure for Mice
Authors: Darvas Martin , Mukherjee Kishore , Lee Amanda , Ladiges Warren
Published: February 2020

Current preclinical cognitive assessments are highly time intensive, with lengthy assessment procedures. In this regard, a single‐day assay that focuses just on assessing learning behavior in a time‐effective and relatable manner would be of value. This article describes the box maze as a short‐term behavioral procedure to measure learning in mice. The protocol consists of allowing mice to explore an enclosed space that has eight holes. One of these holes leads to a tunnel that connects to an escape cage, and the latency to enter this escape hole is recorded for each mouse. Mice are tested four times within a single day, and the decrease in escape latency over time is used as a measure of learning. Age is a factor that affects escape latency in the box maze. Hence, the box‐maze procedure is proposed as an efficient test to probe aging and aging intervention–related research questions. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Region based coronary artery segmentation using modified Frangi's vesselness measure
Authors: Sukanya Arumugham , Rajeswari Rajendran , Subramaniam Murugan Kamatchigounder
Published: February 2020

Recent research suggests that the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), seem to be the foremost cause of mortality among the world populace. Three dimensional (3D) imaging modality such as computed tomography angiography(CTA) is a standard noninvasive imaging modality which has great potentials for the visualization of heart and coronary arteries. This article presents a fully automated method for coronary artery extraction using modified Frangi's vesselness measure and region based segmentation. In this article, grayness and gradient based measures are used while computing Frangi's vesselness measure to improve the extraction of coronary arteries. The obtained vesselness measures are utilized for automatically computing the location of ostia. The locations of ostia are then used as starting seed points in region growing segmentation to extract coronary arteries. Three major coronary arteries, namely the left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA) are segmented using the proposed method and the centerlines are extracted for the main coronary branches. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using 12 3D CCTA data set. The experimental results reveal that during the calculation of modified Frangi's vesselness measure the proposed method gives improved results. The qualitative results obtained during the segmentation stage are also convincing. The average segmentation accuracy and overlap measure of the proposed method are 97.4% and 77.86%, respectively. Hence, the proposed automated approach can detect and extract coronary arteries in CCTA images with high performance.