bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-epileptic prescribing patterns in the South African private health sector (2008–2013)
Authors: Jacobs Karen , Julyan Marlene , Lubbe Martie S. , Burger Johanita R. , Cockeran Marike
Published: November 2021

Background: Little is known about longitudinal prescribing practices for anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in South Africa. The prescribing patterns and associated direct medicine costs of AEDs in the private health sector were investigated, using claims data from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013.Methods: The annual prevalence of prescriptions, AEDs and AED generics per patient with epilepsy (ICD-10 code G40) was determined. Cost analyses conducted included the calculation of the total direct cost of AEDs (medical scheme contribution, patient co-payment, and single exit price (SEP)), and the average cost per AED per year.Results: Prevalence of patients claiming anti-epileptics ranged between 0.87% and 0.91% from 2008 to 2013. AED prescriptions/patient ranged from 11.76 (95% CI, 11.56–11.95)] in 2008 to 11.90 (95% CI, 11.71–12.09) in 2013. Patients aged 40–65 years had the highest number of AED prescriptions/year. Valproate was most prescribed, followed by lamotrigine and carbamazepine. Average cost per AED increased from R237.12 (95% CI, 233.58–240.65) in 2008 to R522.32 (95% CI, 515.24–529.41) in 2013, while the average patient co-payments increased from R27.76 (95% CI, 26.63–28.89) to R264.32 (95% CI, 260.61–268.03). Prescribing of generics increased by 12.84%.Conclusions: Generic prescribing increased over time; however, patient co-payments increased dramatically.
More than scales and tape measures needed to address obesity in South Africa
Authors: Ramlal R. , Govender R. D.
Published: November 2021

Obesity is an emerging public health problem worldwide increasing from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1 billion by 2013. A study was done on a sample of 100 obese and overweight patients with a body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic data and perceptions regarding their weight.The patients were between the ages of 18 and 76 years old with 82% being female patients. The mean BMI for males was 41.7 kg/m2 (SD = 7.38112) and females 39.9 kg/m2 (SD = 7.90504). The results of this study confirm that 17% of overweight and obese patients saw themselves as having a normal weight and 97% felt that they were not unattractive. Of the sample, 96% affirmed that being obese was a health risk. The commonest reason cited for their obesity is by choice (70%).Although obese patients knew that obesity is a health risk, they have a positive image of obesity. The dramatic trend towards increasing obesity suggest that healthcare providers need to understand how people from different cultures view obesity. This will help them to promote key messages about the health risks associated with excess weight in a culturally sensitive way.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Urodynamic Changes Using Single-incision Slings (MiniArc® vs. Solyx™) for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Chiang Fook Chin , Sun Ryan , Chang Yu-Jun , Li Yi-Ing , Sun Mou-Jong
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To compare the clinical efficacy and urodynamic parameter changes between the MiniArc and the Solyx sling for the treatment of female urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).

Materials and Methods:

One-hundred and thirty (MiniArc n = 79, BS-Solyx n = 51) patients were included in this study. Cough stress test (ST), pad test (PT), Incontinence Impact short form Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Urogenital Distress Inventory six-item questionnaire (UDI-6), Sexual Questionnaire-Short Form (PIS-Q), and urodynamic parametric changes were assessed to determine objective and subjective outcomes following the procedure. Objective cure was defined as negative ST and PT <2 g and subjective cure was defined as “No” to the answer of UDI-6 Question #3. Predictors of surgical failure were also determined.

Results:

All Solyx users, as opposed to 91.1% of MiniArc patients, obtained objective cure at postoperative 3 months (P = 0.042). No significant difference in subjective cure rates (93.7% vs. 90.2% at 3-months (P = 0.513); 89.9% vs. 80.4% at 1 year for Solyx and MiniArc patients, respectively (P = 0.126)) and improvement scores in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 were observed. The Solyx group incurred more de novo urgency (17.6% vs. 6.3% at 3 months (P = 0.042); 23.5% vs. 7.6% at 1 year (P = 0.01)). Both procedures yielded significant decrements in maximal urethral closure pressure (P < 0.001) and average flow rate (P = 0.015). The preoperative PT and sling type were strong predictors of surgical failure, where the Solyx tape reported lower odds (odds ratio = 0.174, P = 0.02) compared to the MiniArc sling.

Conclusion:

Single-incision mini-slings are safe and effective treatment for female USI. The Solyx SIS demonstrated superiority over the MiniArc in this study based on its higher objective cure rate and lower risk for surgical failure.
Hysteroscopy and Retained Products of Conception
Authors: Foreste Virginia , Gallo Alessandra , Manzi Alfonso , Riccardi Carla , Carugno Jose , Sardo Attilio Di Spiezio
Published: November 2021

Retained products of conception (RPOC) can occur after early or mid-trimester pregnancy termination and also following vaginal or cesarean delivery. It is frequently associated with continuous vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and infection. Late complications include intrauterine adhesions formation and infertility. Conventionally, the management of RPOC has been with blind dilation and suction curettage (D and C); however, hysteroscopic resection of RPOC is a safe and efficient alternative. In this review, we analyze the current available evidence regarding the use of hysteroscopic surgery for the treatment of RPOC comparing outcomes and complications of both traditional curettage and hysteroscopic technique. Data search has been conducted using the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Clinical Trial. Gov., OVID, and Cochrane Library interrogate all articles related to hysteroscopy and the preserved product of conception, updated through September 2020.
Comparison of Surgical Results and Postoperative Recurrence Rates by Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy with Other Surgical Procedures for Managing Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Kotani Yasushi , Murakamsi Kosuke , Kai Sayaka , Yahata Tamaki , Kanto Akiko , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is relatively high for a gynecologic disease. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) is currently the main surgical option for managing POP. The priority of the surgical treatment is preventing recurrence after the surgery. We presented the surgical outcome and recurrence rate of LSC and compared the data of LSC with that of other surgical procedures for managing POP to examine the effectiveness of LSC over other them.

Materials and Methods:

We compared the results of 138 cases of LSC with other conventional procedures, namely 30 cases of total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) combined with colporrhaphy anterior and posterior, 66 cases of the Manchester operation, and 68 cases of colpocleisis. We compared the age, body mass index, operative time, blood loss volume, postoperative hospital stay duration, rate of complications, recurrence rate, reoperation rate, and the cumulative recurrence rate after 10 years.

Results:

The complication rate of LSC, TVH, the Manchester operation, and colpocleisis was 2.2%, 3.3%, 3.0%, and 4.4%; the recurrence rate 2.8%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 8.7%; and the cumulative recurrence rate after 10 years 3.7%, 4.6%, 8.8%, and 18.2%. There was no significant difference between LSC and the other three groups.

Conclusion:

LSC seems to be an effective surgical option that requires a higher skill level than other surgical methods and has a longer operative time, lesser operative invasion, and a lower long-term recurrence rate. We will actively recommend LSC to those when appropriate.
A Case of an Abscessed Cystic Endometriotic Lesion in the Vesico-uterine Pouch after Oocyte Retrieval
Authors: Matsuda Shigeru , Akira Shigeo , Kaseki Hanako , Watanabe Kenichiro , Ono Shuichi , Ichikawa Masao , Takeshita Toshiyuki
Published: November 2021

A 31-year-old nulliparous Japanese woman visited the clinic due to worsening dysmenorrhea. A cystic endometriotic lesion was found in the vesico-uterine pouch. Laparoscopic surgery was chosen due to the severe dysmenorrhea. Her first oocyte retrieval attempt was performed at in-vitro fertilization clinic before the planned surgery. However, she complained of abdominal pain on day 6 after the retrieval. We diagnosed her with peritonitis with an abscessed cystic endometriotic lesion in the vesico-uterine pouch. Conservative treatment was ineffective. Therefore, laparoscopic surgery was performed. The cysts in the vesico-uterine pouch were drained of pus. No adhesions or lesions of endometriosis in the uterus, bilateral adnexa, or pelvic peritoneum were found. Although cystic endometriotic lesions in the vesico-uterine pouch are rare, they can form abscesses after oocyte retrieval. The possibility of abscesses formation risk must be considered. Moreover, following the management of endometrioma, sufficient medication should be administered to prevent this formation.
Hysteroscopy Role for Female Genital Tuberculosis
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Anggraeni Tricia Dewi , Syaharutsa Danny Maesadatu , Hellyanti Tantri
Published: November 2021

Female genital tuberculosis affects the quality of women's lives. One of the symptoms is amenorrhea. In our country, it is still underdiagnosed due to limited resources. Hysteroscopy is known as one of the diagnostic tools for this condition. We performed hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy in four cases. Hysteroscopy findings show various signs. Histopathological examination showed typical features of tuberculosis in some cases. We also learned that hysteroscopy could evaluate the condition of the endometrium when ongoing and after treatment is accomplished. It is useful for further explanation to the client. Hysteroscopy can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for endometrial sampling, evaluate intracavity condition after treatment, and prognostic tool for future reproductive function.
Sclerosing Stromal Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Marinho Márcia Silva , Pinto Evelin C. O. , Abranches Maria T. L. S. B. , Furtado Antónia M. C.
Published: November 2021

Sclerosing stromal tumors (SSTs) are a rare type of benign tumors of the ovary, representing 6% of sex cord tumors subtype. We report a case of SSTs affecting a young female patient presenting with abdominal pain and a pelvic mass on imaging examination. The patient underwent laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy, and the pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of SSTs. A review of the literature with the typical pathological and imaging features of SSTs as well their management is performed.
The Path of Birth is Not Always Normal
Authors: Khoiwal Kavita , Singh Meenakshi , Agarwal Anchal , Chaturvedi Jaya
Published: November 2021

Cervical agenesis is a rare congenital Mullerian anomaly. Its association with vaginal agenesis is further rare, reported in 39% of cases of cervical agenesis. The conventional treatment for this condition was hysterectomy. However, with evolving surgical skills and assisted reproductive techniques, conservative surgery could be considered as the first-line treatment in the current era. We report one such case of cervicovaginal agenesis in a 13-year-old adolescent girl managed successfully with cervicovaginoplasty. The patient was relieved of cyclical pain abdomen and resumed menstrual cycles postoperatively.
Salivary Proteome Profile of Women during Fertile Phase of Menstrual Cycle as Characterized by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Saibaba Ganesan , Rajesh Durairaj , Muthukumar Subramanian , Sathiyanarayanan Ganesan , Aarthy Archunan Priya , Archunan Govindaraju
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Ovulation is such a critical physiological process that its noninvasive detection based on salivary constituents has several advantages in humans. Hence, the present study is proposed to identify the ovulatory-specific proteins in saliva in order to detect ovulation phase.

Materials and Methods:

Samples were collected from women volunteers. The procedure adopted was approved by the Institutional Human Ethical Committee (DM/2014/101/38), Bharathidasan University. The saliva samples were collected from thirty healthy female volunteers, with a prior written consent. One-way analysis of variance was used to calculate protein concentration and band intensity using SPSS 16 software (SPSS Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The salivary protein expression pattern during different phases of menstrual cycle was analyzed using gel-based high resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight. Further, bioinformatics tools were adopted to annotate the proteins identified at various phases of menstrual cycle.

Results:

As many as 530 proteins showed up in the saliva during ovulatory phase, whereas there were only 251 proteins identified during postovulatory phase. The functional annotation of salivary proteins revealed that the proteins got assigned to the class of “extracellular proteins” which are concerned with regulatory functions. The 16 unique and/or differentially expressed protein spots appeared during ovulatory phase, among which Cystatin-S, Prolactin-inducible protein, Cystatin-A, Cystatin-SN, BPI fold-containing family A member 2, Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1, Carbonic anhydrase-6, Protein LEG1 homolog, Hemoglobin subunit beta, and Pancreatic alpha-amylase were identified.

Conclusion:

Total salivary proteome profile has been listed with respect to various phases of menstrual cycle. Among the protein listed, Cystatin-S offers a biomarker protein and/or indicator of ovulatory phase. However, extensive validation is required before arriving to a candidate bio-marker protein.
Step-wise Technical Description of Performing Ureteric Tunnel Dissection in Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy
Authors: Limbachiya Dipak , Kumari Rashmi
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Technical description of performing ureteric tunnel dissection in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis. A total of 91 patients of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Stage IA2, IB1, and IB2 of cervical cancer were operated by the same surgeon between January 2015 and December 2019 were analyzed.

Results:

The median time for one side ureteric tunnel dissection was 3 min 15 s (range 2 min 35 s– 6 min 18 s). None of the cases were converted to laparotomy. The patients' median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–4 days). There were no short-term or long-term complications related to ureteric tunnel dissection.

Conclusion:

This analysis explains the descriptive methodology of operative technique, especially for ureteric tunnel dissection in LRH. This technique is easily reproducible and replicable, with chances of marginal or negligible complication rates.
Comparative effectiveness and tolerability of targeted agents combined with chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal cancer
Authors: Yan Yin-Hong , Lei Xiao-Yi , Hu Wei-Ping
Published: November 2021

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer with HER2 overexpression is highly invasive, with a poor prognosis. With the development of new targeted agents, which agents have ideal therapeutic effects must be determined. This network meta-analysis analyzed the effectiveness and tolerability of targeted agents combined with chemotherapy in HER2-positive GC/GEJ cancer.

Methods:

Public databases were searched from the date of inception to October 22, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted agent-related regimens for HER2-positive advanced GC or GEJ cancer were included. Subgroup analyses based on publication language, first-line treatment, second/third-line treatment, and HER2 staining intensity were performed.

Results:

In total, 13 articles were included. The trastuzumabderuxtecan (TraD) and pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy (PerTraChemo) regimens were considered to have high effectiveness but low tolerability. In the subgroup analysis, PerTraChemo still had high effectiveness with low tolerability as the first-line therapy. As the second- or third-line therapy, TraD and lapatinib plus chemotherapy (LapChemo) had high effectiveness and moderate tolerability. In terms of overall survival (OS) time, PerTraChemo had a relative advantage in the immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH)+ population, whereas TraD, PerTraChemo, and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (TraChemo) had a relative advantage in the IHC3+ population.

Conclusion:

TraD had relative advantages as the second- or third-line therapy and in the IHC3 + population. PerTraChemo is a potential first-line therapy, but it requires further confirmation because the JACOB phase III clinical trial failed to confirm the superiority of PerTraChemo over TraChemo with regard to OS.
The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among Saudi population in Riyadh by use of Rome IV criteria and self-reported dietary restriction
Authors: Amin Hussein S. , Irfan Farhana , Karim Syed I. , Almeshari Saif M. , Aldosari Khaled A. , Alzahrani Abdullah M. , Almogbel Adnan T. , Alfouzan Saad M. , Alsaif Anas A.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. Diet may play a role in triggering the symptoms. We aimed to measure the prevalence of IBS and its types, and its association with food restrictions among the Saudi population, using the Rome IV criteria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of three major hospitals in Riyadh in conjunction with an electronic survey which was shared on social media. A total of 1,319 subjects (706 males and 613 females) completed a questionnaire of four domains (sociodemography, Rome IV, food restriction, and herbs) between Nov 2019 and February 2020. Convenience sampling was used.

Results:

IBS was diagnosed in 104 subjects (7.9%) and, of these, 52% were IBS-M (mixed) type. The prevalence was higher in women than in men (4.9% vs. 3.0%; P = 0.006). A significant association was found between the presence of IBS symptoms and low income (P = 0.010), and not working (P < 0.0001). Most of the IBS patients showed food restriction related to milk (P < 0.0001) and legumes (P = 0.0029), besides other types of food and drinks.

Conclusions:

IBS is less common among the Saudi population. A female gender, low family income, and working status, have the highest association with IBS. The foods most often restricted were legumes and milk. Future community studies may present an opportunity to relate with cultural differences and food preferences.
La vivienda del deudor persona natural en el procedimiento concursal chileno y reflexiones para su protección
Authors: Alarcón Cañuta Miguel Angel
Published: November 2021

El trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el tratamiento de la vivienda del deudor en el procedimiento concursal de persona natural chileno y proponer argumentos iniciales que permitan orientar su protección. En base a una metodología comparada, que arroja luces respecto de la comprensión del tratamiento del problema en ordenamientos comparados, y a través del método dogmático, se resalta la necesidad de otorgar protección al inmueble que se constituye en vivienda del deudor, y se ofrece una propuesta de tratamiento protector del inmueble en el procedimiento concursal en atención a la finalidad de la regulación concursal de la persona natural.
Equivariant birational geometry and modular symbols
Authors: Kontsevich Maxim , Pestun Vasily , Tschinkel Yuri
Published: November 2021

We introduce new invariants in equivariant birational geometry and study their relation to modular symbols and cohomology of arithmetic groups.
Effect of Cloud Cover on Land Use Land Cover dynamics using Remotely Sensed Data of Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Uchegbulam O. , Ameloko A.A. , Omo-Irabor O.O.
Published: November 2021

The effect of cloud cover on land use land cover (LULC) changes in the tropical region of Western Niger Delta was investigated. Landsat images of more than 1½ decades (2002-2019) of path 189 row 056 with bands 1-5 were used for the analysis. Supervised classification was applied to obtain the LULC statistics. Cloud cover for 2002, 2014 and 2019 were 0.48%, 0% and 32% respectively. The extracted statistics shows that cultivation, built-up area, exposed soil, secondary regrowth and water body increased between 2002 and 2014. These LULC except oil spills decreased between 2014 and 2019. These LULC were expected to record further increment between 2014 and 2019 due to increase in population. Dense forest and light forest maintained a decrease over the entire period. The real values were affected by cloud appearing as noise in 2019 image, which is a problem in a damp and humid climate. Climate change could be another reason because the data were acquired in the dry season. The satellite image of 2019 may not be used for accurate land mapping due to the high value of cloud cover. This has shown the effect of dynamic nature of climate in the region and the importance of supervised classification in the analysis of satellite images.
Phytoremediation of Lead and Chromium using Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Contaminated Soils of IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi M.B. , Animashaun I.M. , Garba Y. , Adamu A. , Yisa P.B.
Published: November 2021

Heavy metals are known to have adverse effect on ecosystem and human health when ingested beyondtolerant limit as such phytoremediation utilizes plants to remediate metal polluted areas. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the potentials of sunflower in phytoremediation of chromium and lead from contaminated soil and to examine the rate of accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Results showed that the plant has high concentration of Pb (1.77 mg/kg) at 10 and 12 (WAP) and there was no significant difference in the absorption rate throughoutthe experimental period, while at 2 WAP low concentration of Pb (1.52 mg/kg) was observed. The accumulation rate in the plant parts shows significant difference (p<0.05) at 2 and 6 WAP. The roots recorded the highest accumulation rate of both Pb and Cr 2.04 mg/kg and 1.60 mg/kg respectively, while the leaves recorded the least values 1.12 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg of Pb and Cr respectively. From results obtained heavy metal accumulation in sunflower was observed to be in the form leaves<stems<roots. Finally, sunflower has demonstrated to be a good absorber of Pb and Cr. Hence, it can be used in the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.
Pattern of Waterborne Diseases in Yenagoa, Nigeria
Authors: Ohwo O. , Omidiji A.O.
Published: November 2021

Waterborne diseases have negative implications on the health and socioeconomic activities of man. This paper analyzed the prevalence pattern of diarrhea and typhoid (DT) in Yenagoa. The study used data derived from responses to administered questionnaire on household’s water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and retrospective hospital data on recorded cases of DT in Yenagoa. Obtained data were analyzed with tables, percentages, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and T-test. The analyses showed that household’s WASH provisions in Yenagoa were unsatisfactory and may have contributed to the incidence of both diseases. Those mostly impacted by both diseases were five years and below; while the dry season recorded higher cases, when safe water supply was more challenging. The ANOVA test showed that the monthly incidence of both DT do not significantly vary, as the calculated F-value for diarrhea was 6.865, p-value, .135; while that for typhoid was, .590, p-value, .842 at 0.05 alpha levels. However, the age and seasonal incidence of both DT varied significantly in Yenagoa. The ANOVA test for age distribution of diarrhea was F= 5.483 and p-value, .024; while that of typhoid was F= 6.038 and p-value was .019 at 0.05 alpha levels. Similarly, the t-test for seasonal incidence of diarrhea was t =4.836 and p-value, .005; while that of typhoid was t = 4.468 and p-value, .007 at 0.05 alpha levels. Therefore, households should have unrestricted access to adequate WASH services, which act as primary barriers to the spread of DT diseases.
OTİZMLİ ÇOCUĞA SAHİP AİLELERDE SOSYAL DESTEK SİSTEMİNİN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ÜNLÜ İpen , GÖKLER Rıza
Published: November 2021

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) belirtileri genellikle 18 ay ile üç yaş arasında fark edilen veya teşhis edilen sosyal etkileşim ve belirgin iletişim eksikliği olan, tekrarlayıcı davranış kalıpları ile karakterize edilen karmaşık gelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Çocukların otizm tanısı alması ile ailelerin otizmli bir çocukla birlikte yaşama süreci başlamaktadır. Bu süreçte aileler ekonomik, psikolojik, duygusal ve sosyal açıdan birçok zorlukla karşı karşıya kalmakta ve birçok olumsuz duyguyu daha yüksek düzeyde yaşamaktadır. Ailelerin yaşadıkları bu zorlukları atlatmalarında ve otizmli çocuğun varlığına başarılı bir şekilde uyum sağlamalarında sosyal destek sistemi önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Otizmli çocuk ve ailesinin sosyal desteğe ihtiyaç duyduğu konuların belirlenmesi, bu alanda çalışan profesyonellerin hazırlayacağı psikososyal müdahaleler için önemli ipuçlarının elde edilmesini sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada, otizmin aileye etkileri, otizmli çocuk ve ailesinin yaşam mücadelesinin kritik bir noktasında yer alan sosyal destek sistemi, otizmli çocuğa sahip ailelerde sosyal destek sistemi ve sosyal desteğin sağlanmasında sosyal hizmet mesleğinin rol ve sorumlulukları ele alınmaktadır.
Quadratic Word Equations with Length Constraints, Counter Systems, and Presburger Arithmetic with Divisibility
Authors: Lin Anthony W. , Majumdar Rupak
Published: November 2021

Word equations are a crucial element in the theoretical foundation of
constraint solving over strings. A word equation relates two words over string
variables and constants. Its solution amounts to a function mapping variables
to constant strings that equate the left and right hand sides of the equation.
While the problem of solving word equations is decidable, the decidability of
the problem of solving a word equation with a length constraint (i.e., a
constraint relating the lengths of words in the word equation) has remained a
long-standing open problem. We focus on the subclass of quadratic word
equations, i.e., in which each variable occurs at most twice. We first show
that the length abstractions of solutions to quadratic word equations are in
general not Presburger-definable. We then describe a class of counter systems
with Presburger transition relations which capture the length abstraction of a
quadratic word equation with regular constraints. We provide an encoding of the
effect of a simple loop of the counter systems in the existential theory of
Presburger Arithmetic with divisibility (PAD). Since PAD is decidable (NP-hard
and is in NEXP), we obtain a decision procedure for quadratic words equations
with length constraints for which the associated counter system is flat (i.e.,
all nodes belong to at most one cycle). In particular, we show a decidability
result (in fact, also an NP algorithm with a PAD oracle) for a recently
proposed NP-complete fragment of word equations called regular-oriented word
equations, when augmented with length constraints. We extend this decidability
result (in fact, with a complexity upper bound of PSPACE with a PAD oracle) in
the presence of regular constraints.
Analysis and Design of a CMOS Common-Source Cross Coupled Amplifier with NMOS only Active Inductor
Authors: Tripetch Kittipong , Khanthawiworn Parkpoom
Published: November 2021

The polynomial form of the input impedance of a CMOS cross-coupled amplifier with NMOS only active inductor are proposed. The formula of polynomial form and novel coefficients are programmed in Scilab and MATLAB so that the pole position of the fourth order polynomial can be found. From experience of a simple cross coupled oscillator design, the proposed circuit diagram may not oscillate as a triangular wave signal because the two poles are complex (underdamped case) but its real part could not be minimized to 0.001 so that it has a stable amplitude and additional two poles are real poles. The impulse sensitivity function (ISF) of the proposed circuit is derived for the first time so that it may be used to derive phase noise in the future.
Gravity Study using Multi-2.5D Modeling and 3D Presentation for Al Ma'aniyah Depression, Southwest of Iraq
Authors: Al-Rahim Ali M.
Published: November 2021

Tectonic depression area within and/or beside widespread basin is regarded as an important location for sub-basin sedimentary sequence of Iraq which may represent an excellent accumulation of bounded sediments. Al-Ma'aniyah depression, southwest Iraq is one of such type of sub-basin. Free-air gravity data show a NS extend of this depression inside Saudi Arabia. This work focuses on studying and multi-2.5D model creation for the depression in the Iraqi territory part using Bouguer gravity data and mapping its basement relief. Firstly, the exact boundary of the depression was outlined utilizing the Free-Air gravity data. Then, a precise selection of regional field for the study area was determined by using the power spectrum method, which accordingly defines the residual anomalies that could represent structural enclosures. Many positive anomalies were assigned and enhanced using vertical and total horizontal derivatives, where they were interpreted as basement-related features. Subsequently, a 2.5D multi modeling and depth inversion for the Bouguer gravity data were accomplished by converting the gravity map to a stacked profiles depth map. A nineteen gravity profiles, which cover the study area, were modeled by assuming 2D intra-sedimentary bodies. These bodies were best presented by a 3D view that clarifies the nature of the subsurface modeled structures. The modeling shows an extra density at the northern part of the depression, in contrast, it suggests low density bodies at its southern part, the case that appears inconsistent with a previously performed magnetic interpretation. The inversion of gravity data shows that the basement depth at Al-Ma'aniyah depression ranges from 7.5 to10 km.
Personal Attributes Associated with the Productivity of School Head Sofjolo District II
Authors:   Mindanao State University-Sulu, 7400 Jolo, Sulu, Philippines, R. Lim Jeffrixon
Published: November 2021

This thesis entitled Personal Attributes Associated with the Productivity of the School Heads of Jolo District II was conducted with the following objectives: 1) To find out the level of personal attributes of the school administrators of Jolo District II in terms of intellectual balance, emotional balance, administrative leadership and ability to communicate, 2) To determine the level of productivity of the school administrators of Jolo District II based on their achievements in the following job areas such as articles published, financial assistance secured, extension services rendered, and innovations implemented in school, and 3) To identify if there is relationship between productivity and the personal attributes of administrators of Jolo District II. This study used causal descriptive because it aimed to find out if there is a relationship between personal attributes and productivity of the school administrators of Jolo District II. The respondents of the study were teachers of Jolo District II. The questionnaires were standardized hence no pre-test and post-test were needed to test the validity of the instruments. The findings were school administrators of Jolo District II had high level of personal attributes in intellectual balance, emotional balance, administrative leadership and the ability to communicate. However, they were very low in productivity that were included financial assistance and the extension services rendered, and the productivity was not significantly related to the overall personal attributes of the school administrators of Jolo District II. After thorough analysis and interpretation, the writer arrived at the following conclusions:1. There is a very high level of personal attributes among school administrators in Jolo District II.2. The level of the school administrators based on their achievements in the following job areas which is very poor is accepted.3. That there is no significant relationship of productivity and the personal attributes of the school administrators in Jolo District II is accepted.
Endodontic Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Department of Community, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, Edith Maraga
Published: November 2021

Pulpitis is a common occurrence in clinical practice. To date, few systematic reviews have evaluated the epidemiology of various treatment modalities in endodontics. The objective of this study is to analyse the epidemiology of endodontics as presented in various publications. Methodology :Clinical, experimental and review reports were searched in PubMed, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar for scientific literature in November 2019, using the search phrase “endodontic epidemiology” Results : Of the eight potentially relevant publications, six of which were randomised controlled trials, with no statistically significant results, one was a systematic review and the other was a cross-sectional study. Conclusion: Endodontic epidemiological studies are being conducted, however the results are not statistically significant. This does not necessarily mean that the results of such studies obtained cannot be applied clinically.
Lingual Orthodontics - A Review
Authors:   Post graduate student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India, Rathod Khushali , Shenava Shailesh ,   Head of Department, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India, Kulshrestha Rohit ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India
Published: November 2021

Change is the only thing which is constant. With the increase in the number of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment there was a slight downfall in relation with acceptance of orthodontic treatment due to poor aesthetics. The limitations with the previous method was the prime reason of coming up will something more aesthetic and patient friendly. The fact that treatment could be carried out making it look less conspicuous drove the attention of patients as well as the practioners. Thus, there was more research on the bracket type, the basic difference between labial and lingual orthodontics in terms of biomechanics, anchorage control treatment planning and execution. Precise bracket positioning in extremely important to achieve good quality results, this further up surged interest in the laboratory procedure which would help to obtain desirable results. This article thus provides a fair overview of how lingual orthodontics differs from labial orthodontics in many aspects and the need to study it in greater detail.
A Rare Case Report Along With Surgical Management of Bilateral Maxillary Buccal Exostosis in a Patient of Polydactyly and Distomolars
Authors:   Department of Preventive dental sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia, Alanazi Sultan
Published: November 2021

Buccal exostosis is bony prominence located on buccal side of alveolar ridge of maxilla or mandible. It is commonly seen in maxilla than mandible, whereas the etiology remains unclear. This article presents a rare case of bilateral maxillary buccal exostosis, distomolars and polydactyly along with surgical management of exostosis. A 39-year-old male patient came to the dental OPD with a chief complain of swelling in the right and left back region of upper jaw from 12 years, which was a cosmetic concern to the patient. Patient was medically healthy with no familial history of gingival overgrowth. On examination, patient had polydactyly and bilateral mandibular distomolars. These isolated findings couldn’t be related to any syndrome after thorough examination and medical consultation. Finally, the treatment plan consisted of, oral hygiene instructions, mechanical debridement and periodontal resective osseous surgery, so as to reduce gingival inflammation and improve esthetic by removing the exostosis. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone did not reduce the gingival enlargement because of the bony nature of enlargement, thus necessitating surgical intervention. Post-operative evaluation at 1, 3 and 12 months reveled an uneventful healing and no sign of recurrence at surgical sites.
Management of Delayed eruption of Permanent Maxillary Central
Authors:   Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental medicine, Dento-Facial Biological and Clinical Approach Laboratory, LR12ES10, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia, Elelmi Yamina , Masmoudi Fatma ,   Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental medicine, Dento-Facial Biological and Clinical Approach Laboratory, LR12ES10, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia, Baaziz Ahlem ,   Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental medicine, Dento-Facial Biological and Clinical Approach Laboratory, LR12ES10, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
Published: November 2021

Supernumerary teeth are those which are additional or in excess of the normal number. They can be present anywhere in the dental arch with predilection for the premaxilla. They can cause many complications, the most common being the delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Early diagnosis and management can minimize the potential complications caused by supernumerary teeth and the extent of surgery and orthodontic treatment. Aim: This case report highlights the problem of delayed eruption of permanent maxillary left central incisor in a 9-year-old boy due to a supernumerary tooth. After surgical removal and 18 months of follow up, the left permanent central incisor erupted.
New Jersey FQHC Process Improvement Increases Oral Health Access for HIV Patients
Authors:   DMD, MPH, Chief Dental Officer, Zufall Health Center, 18 West Blackwell Street, Dover, New Jersey USA 07801, Wakim Sam , Ramirez Rina ,   MD, Chief Medical Officer, Zufall Health Center, 18 West Blackwell Street, Dover, New Jersey USA 07801
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have more unmet oral health care needs than the general population, outpacing unmet medical needs [1]. Poor oral health can impact a person’s confidence and ability to speak, eat, work, sleep, and socialize [2]. Lack of access to dental care is a national issue for HIV patients; providing access is a challenge faced by many health centers and practices, including Zufall Health in New Jersey, a federally qualified health center (FQHC). In collaboration with Northeast/Caribbean AIDS Education and Training Center (NECA AETC), Zufall embarked on an initiative to improve access to quality dental care for PLWHA. AETC is the training component of the Ryan White Program, a federally funded program that provides medical care, support services, and medications for PLWHA who are low income, uninsured, or underserved [3-5]. Materials and Methods: In 2019, Zufall Health launched a quality improvement project to increase oral health access and services for Ryan White patients by integrating all partners involved in providing health care: medical, dental, psychological, behavioral, and HIV/AIDS providers and case managers. The project goal was to increase the number of patients receiving dental care to improve oral and overall health. Results/Observations: As a result of the project, there were significant quantitative and qualitative improvements in the oral health and quality of life of PLWHA: more dental encounters, a higher percentage of patients with a dental home, and the surpassing of the project goal of a 10% increase in dental referrals.
Management of Impacted Teeth in Orthodontics
Authors:   Orthodontist, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis, Saudi Arabia, Kharsa Mhd. Azhar Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

Introduction and Purpose: Treatment of impacted teeth in orthodontics is crucially important, as clinician is supposed to manage such cases in his/her daily practice. However, impaction cases can be so complicated especially when other factors interfere within their treatments such as anatomical locations of the impacted teeth, surgical considerations and Orthodontic Traction difficulties. The management of impacted teeth in orthodontic practice varies widely from extraction of the impacted tooth to forced orthodontic eruption. Orthodontic eruption varies between closed or open techniques that must be determined for each case, per se. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty one impacted teeth cases were followed up, classified by their techniques as to register the results statistically. The approaches for handling the impacted teeth were open forced eruption “as window or APF Apically Positioned Flap”, closed forced eruption, negligence and extraction when indicated. Bonding with Light Cure orthodontic composite was used for all cases of forced eruption. The used Device had been Mini LED, Acteron, Li-ION 3.7V, 2500mAh. Time of Exposure 20 Second. The traction attachments had been either Titanium Button and Chain (Watted) Dentaurum, or conventional Buttons (with ligature wires or elastics). This research discusses the prognosis of impacted teeth, the approaches of the orthodontic forced eruption and when to expose, extract or even “neglect”! The article does not recommend one treatment plan for all cases, in contrary; it urges the reader to search more for innovative solutions whenever such cases come across. Results and Conclusion: It is recommended that the decision regarding orthodontic forced eruption (closed or open), or extraction be based on evaluation of each independent case. In spite of the result of this research that 126 cases of the 151 screened cases had been treated successfully by orthodontic forced eruption, but complications such ankylosis, resorption, eruption failure and periodontal pockets need to be taken into account. Another complication can often be encountered that is bonding failures, especially in closed force eruption. However, the new bonding materials and the improved techniques have helped to overcome such a problem. Finally, the more precise the location and position of the impacted tooth is known, the easier the procedure becomes.
Least Square Analysis of Variance for the Assessment of Natural Consequences for Birth Weight, Weaning Weight, Yearling Weight, Pre-weaning Daily Weight Acquire, and Greasy Fleece Weight of Kajli Sheep in Pakistan
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, National Center for Livestock Breeding Genetics And Genomics LUAWMS, Pakistan, anullah Farm , Khan Momen ,   Directorate General (Extension) Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Bacha Khan Chowk, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Published: November 2021

The current study was completed to analyze the effect of natural components on various improvement affecting traits of Kajli sheep in Pakistan. For this reason, we apply two huge contemporary datasets in sheep to explore factors that influence the traits. Therefore, the generation information record of 13715 Kajli sheep lambing accumulated from 1994 to 2010 at Livestock Experimental Stations Khushab and Khizarabad, Punjab. Information records were genuinely analyzed through utilizing PC modified Mixed Model Harvey’s Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood. The two farms information data was analyzed by utilizing an animal model program. The factual model was incorporated to evaluate the Birth Weight (BW), 120 days at Weaning Weight (WW), Pre-Weaning Average Daily Gain (PRADG), Yearling Weight (YW) and Greasy Fleece Weight (GFW). Year of Birth (YOB), Birth Season (BS), Birth Types (BT) and sex was the fix effect in the model. Results indicated that, the overall general values for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, pre-weaning weight and fleece weight were noted. Year of birth, type of birth, sex, and herd was influenced altogether significantly while, birth weight and greasy fleece weight, the period of birth showed no essential difference. In weaning weight and pre-weaning increment normally, year of birth, sort of birth and herd showed a critical contact except for sex. Male sheep were heavier than female sheep and single conceived sheep were also basically heavier than twins were during offspring birth. Results emulate that the Kajli sheep breed can be improved on through selection and further developed management. The cascade type of influence of the current investigation has levelheaded ramification not just for sheep farming by and by just as for intensified associate of boundaries which definitely convince deviation of weight, weight has become itself essential forecaster of in a matter of seconds wellness results. These outcomes displayed there are complex associations among hereditary qualities and ecological elements of parental, placental and fetal beginning. These are profoundly affected traits by maternal sustenance, genes, be concerned, the executive, environment, occasional diversity of seasons.
Primary Central Nervous System Infection by Histoplasma in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology of Curitiba, Brazil, Koiti Sato Henry , Sanabria Duarte Joel Fernando ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology of Curitiba, Brazil
Published: November 2021

Histoplasma capsulatum infection is endemic in many regions around the world, including Latin America [1]. However, cerebral presentation occurs in less than 25% of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and even rarer as a stand-alone presentation. Three forms are described: meningeal, miliary granulomatous and parenchymal with formation of “histoplasmoma” [2]. Due to the rarity of the case and unusual clinical presentation and topography we describe the case below.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Anc Clinic Visits and Deliveries by Skill Birth Attendant: A Retrospective Analysis in Kaduna State
Authors:   Centre for Integrated Health Programs, Abuja, Nigeria, Ajibola Abiola Clementina , Sagir Saude ,   Centre for Integrated Health Programs, Kaduna, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and later declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the WHO. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID -19 pandemic and its attendant infection prevention of lockdown on ANC utilization and deliveries by skilled birth attendants in Kaduna State. It is a retrospective data review of 18 months data on ANC clinic visit and skill birth delivery from 1,722 health facilities. October 2019 to March 2021 data was extracted from the DHIS 2. The analysis was carried out on SPSS using One Way ANOVA. A decline of 13.5% antenatal attendance for first booking compared to pre-COVID-19 was recorded. There was a slight increase of 3.5% Post-COVID-19. There was also a reduction of 4.1% in the number of pregnant women who had the four recommended ANC visits during the COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 period. However, there was a reduction of 10.2% of pregnant women returning post COVID-19 lockdown. The study revealed increased number of pregnant women that delivered during and post COVID-19. There was an increase of 2, 753 and 1,699 during and post-COVID-19, respectively. At 95% confidence interval using significance value is 0.610 (i.e., p = .610), the significance is more than 0.05. Therefore, there is no statistically significant difference in the ANC utilization and skill birth attendance before, during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore Covid-19 did not affect ANC and skill birth deliveries.