bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA PATI GANYONG DAN GADUNG TERMODIFIKASI METODE IKATAN SILANG Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst Modified Starch with Cross Linking Method
Authors: Santoso Budi , Pratama Filli , Hamzah Basuni , Pambayun Rindit
Published: November 2016

The research aimed to know physical and chemical characteristics of Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst unmodified and modified starch with cross-linking method. This research was divided into two stages. The first stage of the research was characterization of starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst and the second stage of the research was processing of modified starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst through crosslinking by using POCl at the concentration of 0.04%(v/v), 0.08%(v/v), dan 0.12%(v/v). There was no specific researchdesign for the first stage of the research.  The collected data was tabulated. The research design for the second stage was non factorial completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that C. edulis contained starch content (41.35%) and D. hispida (38.80%). C. edulis starch had amylose content (17.59%) and D. hispida starch 8.92%. The modification of C. edulis starch contained of phosphate (15.74 ppm) and D. hispida 9.54 ppm. The starch granule was found in C. edulis (20-50 μm) and starch granule was in D. hispida (4.23 to 4.52 μm). The physical and chemical characteristics of modified C. edulis and D. hispida starch were not similar to the unmodified starch. The amylose andstarch contents in the modified starch was reduced, on the other hand, the phosphate content was increased, whereas the granule size was unchanged.3Keywords: Canna edulis Kerr, cross-linking, Dioscorea hispida Dennst, phosphate, starch ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia pati ganyong dan gadung sebelum dan setelah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan metode ikatan silang (cross linking). Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah karakterisasi pati dari umbi ganyong dan umbi gadung. Tahap kedua pembuatan pati termodifikasidari pati ganyong dan gadung melalui ikatan silang dengan menggunakan POCl pada konsentrasi 0,04% (v/v);0,08% (vv); dan 0,12% (v/v). Rancangan penelitian tahap pertama menggunakan tabulasi dan tahap kedua rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar pati umbi ganyongsebesar 41,35% dan 38,80% untuk pati umbi gadung. Kadar amilosa pati ganyong 17,59% dan pati gadung 8,92%. Pati ganyong modifikasi mengandung fosfat sebesar 15,74 ppm sedangkan pati gadung 9,54 ppm. Ukuran granula pati ganyong berkisar 20-50 μm dan pati gadung 4,32-4,25 μm. Kadar pati dan amilosa umbi ganyong dan gadung setelahdimodifikasi mengalami penurunan secara signifikan dengan semakin tinggi konsentrasi POCl 3 sedangkan kadar fosfat, derajat substitusi, dan kadar HCN untuk pati gadung mengalami penurunan.Kata kunci: Fosfat, ganyong, gadung, ikatan silang, pati 3,
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN “KOMBUCHA” TEH ROSELLA TERHADAP PROFIL DARAH MENCIT (Mus musculus L)
Authors: Dwi Hidayanti Mukhani , Astuti Sussi , Erna Kustyawati Maria
Published: November 2016

“Kombucha” rosella tea is a functional fermented beverage product solution from the petals of rosella tea and sugar using a microbial starter “Kombucha” (Acetobacter xylinum and several kind of yeast). The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of “Kombucha” rosella tea on the blood profile of mice (Mus musculus L). The experimentcompiled in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments dose “Kombucha” rosella tea was 0,73 ml/20 g BB mice (distilled water) (K), 0,36 ml/20 g BB (P1), 0,55 ml/20 g BB (P2), and 0,73 ml/20 g BB (P3) Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates with given orally for 30 days. “Kombucha” rosella tea was made from 5 g rosella petals with sugar concentration of 250g in1000 ml of water, inoculated with a culture of “Kombucha” and fermentation time 6 days. The results showed that the administration of “Kombucha” rosella tea on the third dose resulted in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin levels in the range of normal mice. No visible difference in grain differentiation of white blood (monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) mice due to treatment “Kombucha” rosella tea on the third dose of the control. Seen a trend increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, as well asa decrease in the number of leukocytes mice due to treatment “Kombucha” rosella tea on the third dose compared tocontrols.Keywords: “Kombucha”, rosella, fermented tea, blood profile, miceABSTRAK“Kombucha” teh rosella merupakan produk minuman fungsional hasil fermentasi larutan teh dari kelopak bunga rosella dan gula menggunakan starter mikroba “Kombucha” (Acetobacter xylinum dan beberapa jenis khamir). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ”Kombucha” teh rosella terhadap profil darah mencit (Mus musculus L). Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dosis ”Kombucha” teh rosella yaitu 0,73 ml/20g BB mencit (aquadest) (K), 0,36 ml/20 g BB (P1), 0,55 ml/20 g BB (P2), dan 0,73 ml/20 g BB (P3). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan dengan lama perlakuan 30 hari secara oral.“Kombucha” teh rosella dibuat dari 5 g kelopak rosella dengan konsentrasi gula sebanyak 250 g dalam 1000 ml air, diinokulasi dengan kultur ”Kombucha” induk dan lama fermentasi 6 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian “Kombucha” tehrosella pada ketiga dosis menghasilkan jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan kadar hemoglobin mencit pada kisaran normal. Tidak terlihat perbedaan diferensiasi butir darah putih (monosit, limfosit, dan neutrofil) mencit akibat perlakuan “Kombucha” teh rosella pada ketiga dosis dengan kontrol. Terlihat adanya kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah eritrositdan hemoglobin, serta penurunan jumlah leukosit mencit akibat perlakuan “Kombucha” teh rosella pada ketiga dosis dibanding kontrol.Kata kunci: “Kombucha”, rosella, teh fermentasi, profil darah, mencit
PENENTUAN PARAMETER DESAIN RODA BESI BERSIRIP MELALUI PENGUKURAN TAHANAN PENETRASI TANAH DI SAWAH (Determining Parameters of Lug Wheels Design by Measurement of Soil Penetration Resistance in Paddy Field)
Authors: Rizaldi Taufik , Hermawan Wawan , Mandang Tineke , Pertiwi Setyo
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to predict the design parameters of lugged wheel that fit through the soil penetration resistance measurement directly in paddy fields. Location of the study was on paddy fields in the village Situ Gede Bogor, West Java. Penetrometer with a plate size of 5 cm x 20 cm is used to press the soil to a depth of 20 cm with inclination press angle of 90o, 75o, 60o, 45o and 30o. Data were analyzed by linear regression method to obtain the relationship between the pressure force and depth presseure for each different inclination of pressure angle. By using the equation of force generated by active lug wheels were touching the soil and the resulting linear regression equation to predict the lugged wheel design for two-wheeled tractor (Yanmar TF85 MLY-in). Tractor assumed to be operating at 15 cm sinkage so that the selected design is a design in which the resulting reaction force able to resist the load supplied by the tractor and implement and used the most minimum construction materials. The results of the calculations recommended number of lugs 12, 45o angle of lugs, width of lugs 10 cm, length of lugs 35 cm, outer diameter wheels 84 cm is the lugged wheel design optimum.Keywords: Lug wheels, force reaction, penetrometer, parameter design ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi parameter desain roda besi bersirip yang sesuai melalui pengukuran tahanan penetrasi tanah secara langsung di lahan sawah. Lokasi penelitian berada pada lahan sawah di Desa Situ Gede Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penetrometer dengan ukuran plat 5 cm x 20 cm digunakan untuk menekan tanah sampai kedalaman20 cm dengan kemiringan sudut tekan 90o, 75o, 60o, 45odan 30. Data dianalisis dengan metode regresi linier untuk memperoleh hubungan antara gaya penekanan dan kedalaman penekanan untuk tiap sudut penekanan yang berbeda. Dengan menggunakan persamaan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh sirip aktif roda yang menyentuh tanah dan persamaanregresi linier yang dihasilkan maka dapat diprediksi desain roda besi bersirip untuk traktor roda dua (yanmar TF85 MLY-di). Traktor diasumsikan beroperasi pada sinkage 15 cm sehingga desain yang dipilih adalah desain di mana gaya reaksi yang dihasilkan mampu mengatasi beban yang diberikan oleh traktor dan implemen serta penggunaan bahankonstruksi yang paling minimum. Hasil perhitungan merekomendasikan jumlah sirip 12, sudut sirip 45o, lebar sirip 10 cm, panjang sirip 35 cm, diameter luar roda 84 cm adalah desain roda besi bersirip yang optimum. Kata kunci: Roda besi bersirip, gaya reaksi, penetrometer, parameter desain
KAJIAN HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) PENGOLAHAN JAMBU BIJI DI PILOT PLANT SARI BUAH UPT. B2PTTG – LIPI SUBANG
Authors: Surahman Diki Nanang , Ekafitri Riyanti
Published: November 2016

Guava has vitamin C and beta carotene that potent as antioxidant and can increase endurance. Guava can be processed into juice as a ﬁ nal product. UPT . B2PTTG-LIPI Subang has a Pilot Plant. The pilot plant itself is a model of processing fruit into juice. The processing of guava juice from the pilot plant needs an application of HACCP to improve the quality and safety of fruit juice products. The studies of HACCP uses the 7 principles of HACCP system recommended by the Indonesian National Standard. The result of studies showed that the set as CCP’s are sortation and washing (for raw materials is the guava fruit), meanwhile sterilization and ﬁ lling process are CCP’s for guava juice/ﬁ nal product. All the CCP’s should always be controlled and obtain optimal control by handling of raw materials, hygiene control operators, the use of water in accordance with the requirements of, and ensure the adequacy of current heat sterilizationjuice. In practice, the process of veriﬁ cation is very important to be done in order to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of HACCP. Appropriate application of HACCP is expected to improve the quality and safety of guava juice.Keywords: Juice, guava, HACCP ABSTRAK Buah jambu biji mempunyai kandungan vitamin C dan beta karoten yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan dan dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Salah satu pemanfaatan buah jambu biji adalah dengan mengolahnya menjadi sari buah. Pilot plant UPT. B2PTTG-LIPI Subang merupakan salah satu model pengolahan buah jambu biji menjadi saribuah. Dalam pengoperasiannya dibutuhkan penerapan HACCP untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan keamanan produk sari buah. Oleh karena itu dilakukan kajian HACPP. Kajian HACCP dilakukan menggunakan Panduan Penyusunan Rencana HACCP dengan proses penyusunannya mengikuti 7 prinsip sistem HACCP yang direkomendasikan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa yang ditetapkan sebagai CCP adalah proses sortasi dan pencucian (untuk menghilangkan bahaya pada bahan baku jambu biji), proses sterilisasi dan pengisian merupakan CCPuntuk produk jadi (sari buah jambu biji). Keseluruhan CCP ini harus mendapatkan pengawasan optimal antara lain: penanganan bahan baku, kontrol kebersihan operator, penggunaan air yang sesuai dengan persyaratan, dan memastikan kecukupan panas saat sterilisasi sari buah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, proses veriﬁ kasi sangat penting untuk dilakukanagar dapat mengetahui efektiﬁ tas penerapan HACCP. Penerapan HACCP yang sesuai diharapkan akan meningkatkan kualitas dan keamanan produk sari buah jambu biji.Kata kunci: Sari buah, jambu biji, HACCP
KARAKTERISTIK FERMENTATIF MEDIUM deMann Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) ANTOSIANIN BERAS KETAN HITAM (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) MENGGUNAKAN Pediococcus pentosaceus N11.16
Authors: Suhartatik Nanik , Karyantina Merkuria , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur , Raharjo Sri , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati
Published: November 2016

Anthocyanin was a bioactive compound which has an anti-inﬂ ammatory effect, anticancer, antimutagen, antioxidant, anticholesterol, and also acts as therapheutic agent for artherioschlerosis. Initial step for anthocyanin metabolism was hydrolyzed to anthocyanidin (aglikon) by β-D-glucosidase. Pediococcus pentosaceus N11.16 is known to be one of bacteria which has a capability to hydrolyze black glutinous rice anthocyanin extract. The aims of this research were to study the fermentative characteristics of MRS containing black glutinous rice anthocyanin medium (MRSm+Anthocyanin) using lactic acid bacteria P. pentosaceus N11.16. The results showed that P. pentosaceus N11.16 could grew well in this medium. Total acid producing bacteria increased untill 2 log cycle with antioxidant activity (%RSA) 75% and the Fe 3+ ion reducing capacity 36.75%. Phenolic compound in the MRSm+ anthocyanin was 584.05 mg asam galat/100 mL after being fermented for 16 hours. Phenolic compound in MRSm+anthocyanin medium were higher than MRSm or control medium (MRS). Beta glucosidase activities of the bacterial cell tend to be higher in theMRS anthocyanin medium than MRS without sugar and control medium.Keywords: Anthocyanin, black glutinous rice, lactic acid bacteria, antioxidant ABSTRAKLangkah awal dalam metabolisme antosianin, komponen bioaktif utama yang terdapat dalam beras ketan hitam, adalah hidrolisis menjadi antosianidin (aglikon) dengan memanfaatkan enzim β,D-glukosidase. Pediococcus pentosaceus N11.16 merupakan salah satu bakteri yang telah diisolasi dan teruji kemampuannya untuk menghidrolisis antosianinberas ketan hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik fermentatif medium fermentasi yang mengandung antosianin beras ketan hitam menggunakan bakteri asam laktat P. pentosaceus N11.16. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menguji kemampuan tumbuh isolat dalam medium MRS yang dimodiﬁ kasi (MRSm) dengan penambahan antosianin beras ketan hitam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bakteri P. pentosaceus N11.16 mampu tumbuhdengan baik dalam medium MRS yang mengandung antosianin beras ketan hitam. Kenaikan mencapai 2 log cycle dengan aktivitas antioksidan (%RSA) mencapai 75% dan kemampuan menangkap logam mencapai 36,75%. Total fenol medium MRSm+antosianin mencapai 584,05 mg asam galat/100 mL medium setelah 16 jam fermentasi. Totalfenol medium MRSm+antosianin cenderung lebih tinggi daripada MRSm atau kontrol (MRS). Aktivitas enzim β glukosidase sel bakteri cenderung lebih tinggi pada medium MRSm+antosianin daripada MRSm atau kontrol (MRS).Kata kunci: Antosianin, beras ketan hitam, bakteri asam laktat, antioksidan
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA PEMANASAN SUSPENSI PATI SERTA KONSENTRASI BUTANOL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA PATI TINGGI AMILOSA DARI TAPIOKA
Authors: Haryanti Pepita , Setyawati Retno , Wicaksono Rumpoko
Published: November 2016

In food processing, starch was modiﬁ ed in order to improve its properties. One of the modiﬁ ed starches is highamylose starch. This kind of starch is made by fractionation method in which its conditions, such as temperature and time of suspensions heating as well as butanol concentration, wouldaffect the starch properties. This study was aimed to determine the effectof those conditions on the properties of high-amylose tapioca starch. Theresults showed that higher starch suspension temperature was associated with lower levels of amylose and starch paste clarity. In addition, it wasalso associated with higher solubility and swelling power. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the longer the heating time and the higher the concentration of butanol, leading to the lower the amylose content of starch. The highest amylose content of the starch was produced from the treatment combination of suspensions heating temperature and time of 70ºC and 40 minutes, respectively, with 10% of butanolconcentrations. Amylose content yielded from this treatment increased by 37.33 %.Keywords: High-amylose tapioca starch, swelling power, starch fractionation, starch solubility, starch paste clarity ABSTRAK Modiﬁkasi pati dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sifat pati ketika diaplikasikan dalam pengolahan pangan. Salah satu  produk pati termodiﬁ kasi adalah pati tinggi amilosa yang dibuat dengan metode fraksinasi. Kondisi fraksinasi meliputi suhu dan lama pemanasan suspensi pati serta konsentrasi butanol akan mempengaruhi karakteristik pati yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama pemanasan suspensi pati tapioka serta konsentrasi butanol terhadap karakteristik pati tinggi amilosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan suspensi pati, mengakibatkan penurunan kadar amilosa dan kejernihan pasta pati namun meningkatkan kelarutan dan swelling power. Semakin lama waktu pemanasan suspensi pati dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi butanol menunjukkankadar amilosa pada pati semakin menurun. Proses fraksinasi pati tapioka pada kombinasi perlakuan suhu pemanasan suspensi pati 70ºC, lama pemanasan suspensi pati 40 menit, dan konsentrasi butanol 10% menghasilkan pati dengan kadar amilosa tertinggi. Kadar amilosa meningkat sebesar 37,33%.Kata kunci: Pati tapioka tinggi amilosa, swelling power, fraksinasi pati, kelarutan pati, kejernihan pasta
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI MIKROFLORA INDIGENOUS DALAM BUDU (Isolation and Identiﬁ cation of Indigenous Microﬂ ora in Budu)
Authors: Yusra Yusra , Azima Fauzan , Novelina Novelina , Periadnadi Periadnadi
Published: November 2016

Budu from is a fermented ﬁ sh product mainly found in the coastal areas such a Pariaman, Tiku and Pasaman, West Sumatera. Budu is normally made from bigger sized marine ﬁ sh such as Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus). The aims of this research were to determine the type of indigenous microﬂ ora contained in budu. The material used inthis study was budu derived from small scale domestic factory in West Sumatera (Sirah river and Gasan district Padang Pariaman and Sasak district Pasaman). Experimental method was used and was descriptively analyzed. Identiﬁcation was conducted on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacteria. It was found 138 bacteria coloniesas morphologically and biochemichal grouped into two genus namely Bacillus and Micrococcus (Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pantothenticus and Micrococcus lactis).Keywords: Isolation, identiﬁ cation, indigenous microﬂ ora, fermentation, budu ABSTRAKBudu merupakan produk fermentasi ikan yang diproduksi di daerah pesisir Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Agam dan Pasaman. Budu biasanya terbuat dari ikan pelagis yang berukuran besar dan memiliki daging putih, seperti ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis mikroﬂ ora indigenous yang terdapat pada budu.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan budu yang berasal dari tiga pengolah yakni Sungai Sirah dan Gasan Gadang yang terletak di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan dari daerah Sasak Kabupaten Pasaman Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Identiﬁ kasi yangdilakukan meliputi karakteristik morfologi dan biokimia bakteri. Ditemukan sebanyak 138 koloni bakteri yang secara morfologi dan biokimia dikelompokkan  ke dalam dua genus yakni Bacillus dan Micrococcus (Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pantothenticus dan Micrococcus lactis).Kata kunci: Isolasi, identiﬁ kasi, mikroﬂ ora indigenous, fermentasi, budu
Trust, Cooperation and Time Horizon in Economic Decisions
Authors: Major Iván
Published: November 2016

My paper addresses an issue that is rarely discussed in the economics literature: how does the economic actors’ trust in each other and in the legal and political institutions affect a country’s economic performance? The first part of the paper is an empirical analysis of the interrelationship between confidence in institutions in different countries, the economic actors’ willingness to cooperate with each other and with state institutions, and their decisions’ time horizon on the one hand, and the countries’ economic performance on the other. I compare the relevant indicators of Central and East European countries (CEE countries), the advanced Western countries and some Asian countries. I show that the low level of trust, the lack of cooperation among the economic actors and with their state institutions, and the short-term time horizon of economic decisions in CEE countries are at the root of how these countries can cope with the current financial and economic crisis.

The second part of the paper applies the theoretical models of mechanism design to the issues discussed in the first part. I demonstrate that government policy results in “perverse incentives” toward the economic actors if they do not have confidence in their economic institutions.
The Digitized Archival Document Trustworthiness Scale
Authors: Donaldson Devan Ray
Published: November 2016

Designated communities are central to validation of preservation. If a designated community is able to understand and use information found within a digital repository, the assumption is that the information has been properly preserved. As judging the trustworthiness of information requires at least some level of understanding of that information, this paper presents results of a study aimed at developing a tool for measuring designated community membersâ€™ perceptions of trustworthiness for preserved information found within a digital repository. The study focuses on genealogists at the Washington State Digital Archives who routinely interact with digitized genealogical records, including digitized marriage, death, and birth records. Results of the study include construction of an original Digitized Archival Document Trustworthiness Scale (DADTS). DADTS is a ready-made tool for digital curators to use to measure the trustworthiness perceptions of their designated community members. Implications of this study include the feasibility of engaging members of a designated community in the construction of a scale for measuring trustworthiness perception, thereby providing deeper insight into the understandability and usability of preserved information by that designated community.Â
Data Management Education from the Perspective of Science Educators
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Allard Suzie , Sinha Priyanki , Pollock Danielle , Newman Jess , Dalton Elizabeth , Frame Mike , Baird Lynn
Published: November 2016

In order to better understand the current state of data management education in multiple fields of science, this study surveyed scientists, including information scientists, about their data management education practices, including at what levels they are teaching data management, which topics they covering, and what barriers they experience in teaching these topics. We found that a handful of scientists are teaching data management in undergraduate, graduate, and other types of courses, as well as outside of classroom settings. Commonly taught data management topics included quality control, protecting data, and management planning. However, few instructors felt they were covering data management topics thoroughly, and respondents cited barriers such as lack of time, lack of necessary expertise, and lack of information for teaching data management. We offer some potential explanations for the existing state of data management education and suggest areas for further research.
A reflection of experiences encountered by labour unions operating at the higher education institutions
Authors: Mzangwa Shadrack Themba
Published: November 2016

In this article, the author seeks to explore what the unions’ members experience pertaining the recognition and operation of the public sector labour unions at the higher education institutions. A focus on this paper is made mainly on the recognition of the labour unions which operate in two of the South African higher education institutions. The objective of the study was to determine what experiences and challenges do unions’ members (both ordinary and officials of the unions) undergo and observe from their presence in operating at the higher education institutions.
Internal audit disclosures in annual reports of metropolitan municipalities in South Africa
Authors: Ackermann Christo , Marx Ben , Fourie Houdini
Published: November 2016

The role of internal audit in governance contributes significantly to accountability. However, its work is limited to internal use, and as such, it does not provide external stakeholders with information about the accountability contributions made by the internal audit function (IAF). The assurance provided by internal audit is equally important as the assurance provided by external auditors. Arguments exist that the inclusion of internal audit disclosure in public annual reports could contribute significantly to transparency and accountability in respect of municipalities. Literature suggest that the advantages of internal audit disclosure outweigh its disadvantages. This paper reports on the extent of internal audit disclosure in the eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa for the 2012/2013 financial year. To achieve the objective set out in this paper, a mixed method approach was followed. A qualitative content analysis (deductive and inductive) was performed. Qualitative text was displayed showing evidence of the disclosure item (visual presentation of quotes). To complement the qualitative text, Atlas.Ti was further utilised to quantify the codes which showed the differences in the disclosure practices of IAFs across metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. The results of this study show evidence of internal audit disclosure in annual reports despite the fact that no legislative requirements exist for internal audit to report in annual reports of municipalities. The extent and the nature of disclosure varied across metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. The results of this paper could be used to assist with establishing policy guidelines for internal audit disclosure.
SMEs: Trust and judicial system
Authors: Lorizio Marilene , Gurrieri Antonia Rosa
Published: November 2016

Italian SMEs share capabilities and routines that permit them to reach high level of competition. But in a global system that is affected by structural deficiencies and negative performance of judicial system, it is very hard to maintain high performances. In this work, starting from the resilience capacity of a group of SMEs of surviving to the crisis, we try to analyse the quality of the expectations of a sample of resilient firms. Our study leads to the hypothesis that the economic crisis is in line with a crisis of confidence in the judicial system. This is all the more serious when considering that this distrust is rooted in those firms located in Southern Italy, where the inefficiency of the judicial system is particularly pronounced.
Jurisdictional basics governing the commercial arbitration in Iran
Authors: Rahmani Tahmineh , Koohshahi Nader Mirzadeh
Published: November 2016

With the birth and growth of the arbitration phenomena in recent decades, establishment of Court of Arbitration in the form of International Commercial Arbitration Law, international treaties and domestic independent and particular laws by countries, the increasing tendency of traders and businesses to resolve problems through this body gradually leads to excellence of the position of this body and typically coercion and obligation of officials and supporters of this entity to modify or supplement the former rules or ratify new and progressive legislation with broader discretionary limits for arbitrators, so that the establishment and ratification of regulations in form of conventions with membership of many countries has been the result of meeting will of politicians with fortune and tendency of businessmen, merchants and etc. If there is alleged invalidity of the contract, Limits and scope of arbitration referee. This issue calls “competence-competence” principle and we seek to investigate whether the possibility of accepting the competence to judge. It means making decision about competence of referee. Competency of arbitration board is inherent and it is created by law and it is separate from competency of public arbitration. Arbitration ritual theory is differences as a separate method of dispute resolution in international commercial transactions. However, Consistent with the dominance of the national authority on private equity, the entity is located at the foot of the rights of nature into the public law; although, private perspective is dominance.
The probable effect of integrated reporting on audit quality
Authors: El Nashar Tamer
Published: November 2016

This paper examines a probable effect of integrated reporting on improving the audit quality of organizations. I correlate the hypothesis of this paper in relation to the current trends of protecting the economies, the financial markets and the societies. I predict an improvement of the audit quality, as a result to an estimated percentage of organizations’ reliance on the integrated reporting in their accountability perspective. I used a decision tree and a Bayes’ theorem approach, to predict the probabilities of the significant effect on improving the auditing quality. I find the overall result of this paper, indicates that the probability of organizations to rely on the integrated reporting by a significant percentage, predicts also a significant improvement in audit quality.
The Growth of Sharia Insurance in Indonesia 2015 – 2016: an Academic Forecast Analysis
Authors: Muthmainah Muthmainah
Published: November 2016

This research is intended to analyze and to forecast the growth of sharia insurance in Indonesia, using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis. The variables used in this research are assets, investments, premium, and claims. Quarterly time series data from period quarter I (March 2015) up to quarter IV (December 2016), gathered from Islamic Insurance Statistic Published by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), are being carefully examined and academically predicted. As a result, ARIMA analysis show that the growth of sharia insurance in Indonesia has fluctuated, confidently it can be predicted that nominally it will increase in each quarter, including its’ assets, investments, premium and claims.  This research would especially contribute to the sharia insurance companies to formulate their strategies in the future.  Keywords: sharia insurance, ARIMA, islamic insurance statistic
Adhesive Cementation Promotes Higher Fatigue Resistance to Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Campos F , Valandro LF , Feitosa SA , Kleverlaan CJ , Feilzer AJ , de Jager N , Bottino MA
Published: November 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the cementation strategy on the fatigue resistance of zirconia crowns. The null hypothesis was that the cementation strategy would not affect the fatigue resistance of the crowns.

Methods and Materials: Seventy-five simplified molar tooth crown preparations were machined in glass fiber–filled epoxy resin. Zirconia crowns were designed (thickness=0.7 mm), milled by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, and sintered, as recommended. Crowns were cemented onto the resin preparations using five cementation strategies (n=15): ZP, luting with zinc phosphate cement; PN, luting with Panavia F resin cement; AL, air particle abrasion with alumina particles (125 μm) as the crown inner surface pretreatment + Panavia F; CJ, tribochemical silica coating as crown inner surface pretreatment + Panavia F; and GL, application of a thin layer of porcelain glaze followed by etching with hydrofluoric acid and silanization as crown inner surface pretreatment + Panavia F. Resin cement was activated for 30 seconds for each surface. Specimens were tested until fracture in a stepwise stress fatigue test (10,000 cycles in each step, 600 to 1400 N, frequency of 1.4 Hz). The mode of failure was analyzed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox (log rank) tests and a pairwise comparison (p<0.05) and by Weibull analysis.

Results: The CJ group had the highest load mean value for failure (1200 N), followed by the PN (1026 N), AL (1026 N), and GL (1013 N) groups, while the ZP group had the lowest mean value (706 N). Adhesively cemented groups (CJ, AL, PN, and GL) needed a higher number of cycles for failure than the group ZP did. The groups' Weibull moduli (CJ=5.9; AL=4.4; GL=3.9; PN=3.7; ZP=2.1) were different, considering the number of cycles for failure data. The predominant mode of failure was a fracture that initiated in the cement/zirconia layer. Finite element analysis showed the different stress distribution for the two models.

Conclusion: Adhesive cementation of zirconia crowns improves fatigue resistance.
Comparison of Internal Adaptation in Class II Bulk-fill Composite Restorations Using Micro-CT
Authors: Han SH , Park SH
Published: November 2016

Purpose: This study compared the internal adaptation of bulk-fill composite restorations in class II cavities and explored the relationship between internal adaptation and polymerization shrinkage or stress.

Methods and Materials: Standardized mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared in 40 extracted human third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n=8). After having been applied by total-etch XP bond (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) and light curing, the teeth were restored with the following resin composites: group 1, Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA); group 2, SDR (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) + Z350; group 3, Venus Bulk Fill (Heraeus Kulzer, Dormagen, Germany) + Z350; group 4, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein); and group 5, SonicFill (Kerr, West Collins, Orange, CA, USA). After thermo-mechanical load cycling, cross-sectional microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) images were taken. Internal adaptation was measured as imperfect margin percentage (IM%), which was the percentage of defective margin length relative to whole margin length. On the micro-CT images, IM% was measured at five interfaces. Linear polymerization shrinkage (LS) and polymerization shrinkage stress (PS) were measured on each composite with a custom linometer and universal testing machine. To explore the correlation of IM% and LS or PS, the Pearson correlation test was used.

Results: The IM% of the gingival and pulpal cavity floors were inferior to those of the cavity walls. The IM% values of the groups were found to be as follows: group 5 ≤ groups 1 and 4 ≤ group 2 ≤ group 3. The correlation analysis showed that the p value was 0.006 between LS and IM% and 0.003 between PS and IM%, indicating significant correlations (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Flowable bulk-fill composites had a higher IM% and polymerization shrinkage stress than did packable bulk-fill and hybrid composites. In class II composite restoration, the gingival floor of the proximal box and pulpal floor of the cavity had higher IM% than did the buccal and lingual walls of the proximal box. LS and PS, which were measured under compliance-allowed conditions, were significantly related to internal adaptation.
On the Neuroscience of Self-Regulation in Children With Disruptive Behavior Problems
Authors: Woltering Steven , Shi Qinxin
Published: November 2016

Self-regulation is increasingly recognized as a key predictor of academic and social competence. A multidisciplinary understanding of this ability is timely and can strengthen theory and practice. The present review aims to inform educators on what cognitive neuroscience can teach us about self-regulation. To do so, we will focus on a decade-long research program examining children with disruptive behavior problems and their peers, and ask whether neural measures of self-regulation can (a) covary with individual differences in behavioral measures of self-regulation, (b) trace developmental patterns, and (c) predict or trace behavioral change with successful treatment of disruptive behavior problems. We show that several studies begin to converge on a set of neural measures derived from the prefrontal cortex that can be consistently linked to processes of self-regulation. Next, we will discuss what these measures mean from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and how this knowledge could influence and/or support psychological models relevant to education.
On zero-free regions for the derivative of a polynomial
Authors: Zargar B A , Manzoor A W
Published: November 2016

Let Pn denote the set of all polynomials of the form p(z) =z∏n-1j=1(z-zj)  with |zj|≥1, 1≤ j≤ n-1. In this paper we shall obtain some zero-free regions for the derivative of a polynomial.BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 48-53
Thermodynamic, structural, surface and transport properties of Zn-Cd liquid alloy at 800 K
Authors: Mishra K K , Limbu H K , Yadav B , Khan A K , Jha I S , Adhikari D
Published: November 2016

The mixing thermodynamic and structural properties of Zn-Cd liquid at 800K has been studied using Flory’s model. To explain the mixing properties of binary liquid alloys, size factor (ф) and ordering energy (ω) are taken into account. Thermodynamic properties like free energy of mixing (GM), activity (a), Heat of mixing (HM) and entropy of mixing (SM) and the microscopic properties like concentration fluctuation in the long wave length limit (Scc(0)) and chemical short range order parameter (α1) have been calculated. Surface property has also been studied with the help of Buttler’s model. The viscosity of the melt has been computed from Kaptay equation and BBK models. Both the viscosity and surface tension of the alloy increase with addition of zinc- component. BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 54-65
NBO, chemical reactivity, thermodynamic properties and hyperpolarizability analysis of aristolochic acid II
Authors: Joshi Bhawani Dutt
Published: November 2016

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds and show immense potential of medicinal uses in traditional systems. In this work, a computational study on an alkaloid aristolochc acidid II (AA II) is presented using density functional theory, B3LYP functional employing 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to investigate the various conjugative and hyperconjugative interactions within the molecule and their second-order stabilisation energy (E(2)). The local nucleophilic reactivity descriptors such as Fukui functions (f+k, f-k), local softness (s+k, s-k) and electrophilicity indices (ω+k,ω-k) analyses have been carried out to determine the reactive sites within the molecule. The non-linear optical properties have been calculated using the same basis set. The calculated value of the first order hyperpolarisability (β0), suggests that the investigated molecule is an attractive object in future for non-linear optical properties.
Acardiac Acephalus Twin diagnosed at delivery: A case report
Authors: Jha Rani
Published: November 2016

Abnormal placental vascular anastomoses in monochorionic twins can give rise to a rare congenital anomaly known as Acardiac twin. With the advancement of antenatal care and ultrasonography many such cases are diagnosed early. However, in underdeveloped country like Nepal where early antenatal care coverage rate is low such cases may be diagnosed late. I report one such case of Acardiac acepahalus twin diagnosed during delivery.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2):  62-65
Secret Police in Style: The Aesthetics of Remembering Socialism
Authors: Dueck Cheryl
Published: November 2016

This paper addresses four successful feature films that tell state security police stories from four different Central European countries and that have a number of aesthetic commonalities: Das Leben der Anderen/The Lives of Others (set in the German Democratic Republic [GDR], Dir. von Donnersmarck 2006); A Vizsga/The Exam (set in Hungary, Dir. Bergendy 2011); Różyczka/Little Rose (set in Poland, Dir. Kidawa-Błonski 2010); and Ve Stinu/In the Shadow (set in Czechoslovakia, Dir. Ondříček 2012). An analysis of these recent films about state socialism shows that the national stories depicted in them travel transnationally by imagining the past through the generic formula of the spy thriller and the cinematic style of film noir. Further, these stylish films that draw attention to socialist surveillance in specific national contexts speak both to a regional preoccupation with questions of lustration and postsocialist justice and to a global preoccupation with international climates of surveillance.
Vaginal Hysterectomy for non-prolapsed Uterus
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 1-2
Myomectomy during Caesarean Section: Safety and Feasibility of the Procedure
Authors: Baby Hosne Ara , Begum Mosammat Rashida , Ehsan Mariya , Ehsan Nazia , Amin Iftekhar , Chowdhury Ashik Ahmed , Khan Farzana , Sharmin Farhana , Begum Mosammat Shahina
Published: November 2016

Objective (s): Aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of myomectomy during cesarean section.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in a private setting at Dhaka city from January 2006 to June 2015. Forty five (45) women with fibroid uterus with pregnancy who needed caesarean section were the target population for this study. Myomectomy was done during caesarean section. Main outcome measures were: difficulty of myomectomy and caesarean section, time needed for operation, per-operative complications, need for blood transfusion, postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay.Results: During the study period total 45 women were found who had pregnancy with myoma and needed caesarean section for various indications. Twenty nine (64.4%) women were of age 26-35 years, 30 (66.7%) were para 0 and in 37 (82%) cases were term pregnancy. In forty one (91.1%) cases myomas were diagnosed preoperatively. Twenty five (55.6%) women had multiple myomas. Commonest site of myoma was body of the uterus (82.2%) and commonest type was intramural (75.6%). Thirty (66.7%) women had myoma of less than 5cm in size. In forty two (93.3%) cases myomectomy was done after delivery of the baby. Myomectomy was successful in all 45 (100%) cases. In thirty (80%) cases caesarean myomectomy was completed within 1 hour. Thirty seven (82.2%) women did not need blood transfusion and thirty eight (84.4%) women had no postoperative complication. Other had minor complications. Forty one (90.1%) women were discharged from hospital within 72 hours of operations.Conclusion: Myomectomy during cesarean section is a safe procedure and it is feasible in almost all cases. Though large scale RCT is needed before giving final conclusion it is not far away when myomectomy during cesarean section will be norm discarding the traditional view of not touching the myoma in pregnancyBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 10-14
The Correlation of Basal Serum FSH, Antral Follicle Count with Ovarian Response in Women with Advanced Reproductive Age
Authors: Chowdhury Tanzeem S , Begum Shirin Akhter , Chowdhury TA
Published: November 2016

Objective (s): The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between basal serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level, antral follicle count and number of oocytes retrieved during IVF cycle in women with advanced reproductive age.Method: It was a cross sectional observational study which was done between January 2015 and December 2015 in Infertility Management Center, a tertiary center in Dhaka where assisted reproductive technologies are being offered. Eighty nine (89) infertile patients who were between 35 to 45 years of age and have come for IVF treatment for the first time were included in this study. The selected patients had undergone estimation of basal serum FSH by automated immuno assay analyzer and counting of the antral follicles by transvaginal sonography on day two or three. In total sixty nine (69) patients started IVF treatment according to GnRH long agonist protocol. Controlled ovarian stimulation started with 225 IU rFSH. Follicle monitoring was done on day 5 and day 9 and the dosage was kept same or changed according to the patients response. After day nine of stimulation, ten women were excluded as they had no mature follicle of 18 mm or more and cycle was cancelled. So in fifty nine (59) cases ovulation was triggered with hCG 5000 IU on the day when at least one mature follicle measuring 18mm was observed. The ovum pickup was done 32 hours after the trigger and the number of collected oocytes was counted under microscope. Outcome measures of this study was to compare basal FSH and antral follicle count as predictors of ovarian reserve by correlating with the number of oocytes retrieved and to correlate the age of the female partner with the number of oocytes retrieved.Results: Most couples in this study (68.33%) have been suffering from primary infertility and majority of them had six to ten years of infertility. Higher proportion of the female partners (75%) was between 35 to 37 years. The majority of infertile couples have male factor infertility (32%). The second commonest cause found was tubal factor in female partner (20%).Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done. Significant positive correlation was noticed between AFC and number of oocytes (b = 0.2413).There was negative correlation between the basal FSH level and the number of oocytes (b= -0.5083). Age of female partner had weak correlation with ovarian reserve.Conclusion: Measurement of antral follicle number in the follicular phase is a better predictor of ovarian reserve in comparison to basal FSH and age of the women.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 20-24
Globalization of Medical Education Curriculum
Authors: Khanam Nurun Nahar , Chowdhury Ashik Ahmed
Published: November 2016

Globalization is the process of international interaction and integration through exchanges of views, products, ideas and various aspects of culture. It is a fact that many skill and competencies of physicians are universal, as well as the required patient management skills are similar throughout the world. However, medical curriculum differs greatly worldwide in their content, thus, levels of professional competences acquired by graduates of medical schools varies across the globe. Consequently, it becomes difficult to get uniform global physician. Therefore, the concept of global physician to become a reality, it is necessary to determine a set of core competencies that define what a physician is, regardless of where he or she has been educated. Globalization in medical education is a dynamic process. If any medical graduate does not want to remain confined within his or her own locality he or she has to customize him or herself according to the necessity of the globe. Thus, introduction of globally standardized uniform medical education curriculum is essential for everybody.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 37-42
Abstracts Vol.30(1)
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 59-60
Society News Vol.30(1)
Authors: Dewan Farhana
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 61-62
International News Vol.30(1)
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 63
Prof. Dr. Asia Akhter Khatun
Authors: Chowdhury Saleha Begum
Published: November 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(1) : 64