bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: De Boni Raquel Brandini , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Mota Jurema Correa , Cardoso Taiane De Azevedo , Ballester Pedro , Atienza-Carbonell Beatriz , Bastos Francisco I , Kapczinski Flavio
Published: October 2020

Background

Essential workers have been shown to present a higher prevalence of positive screenings for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from countries with socioeconomic inequalities may be at increased risk for mental health disorders.

Objective

We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential workers in Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A web survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in both countries. The main outcome was a positive screening for depression only, anxiety only, or both. Lifestyle was measured using a lifestyle multidimensional scale adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation–Confinement). A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and the presence of both conditions.

Results

From the 22,786 individuals included in the web survey, 3745 self-reported to be essential workers. Overall, 8.3% (n=311), 11.6% (n=434), and 27.4% (n=1027) presented positive screenings for depression, anxiety, and both, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.00, 95% CI 2.72-5.87), anxiety (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8.30, 95% CI 5.90-11.7). Living in Brazil was associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 2.07-4.06), anxiety (AOR 2.81, 95%CI 2.11-3.74), and both conditions (AOR 5.99, 95% CI 4.53-7.91).

Conclusions

Interventions addressing lifestyle may be useful in dealing with symptoms of common mental disorders during the strain imposed among essential workers by the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential workers who live in middle-income countries with higher rates of inequality may face additional challenges. Ensuring equitable treatment and support may be an important challenge ahead, considering the possible syndemic effect of the social determinants of health.
Examining an App-Based Mental Health Self-Care Program, IntelliCare for College Students: Single-Arm Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lattie Emily , Cohen Katherine A , Winquist Nathan , Mohr David C
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

In recent years, there has been an increase in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses in college student populations alongside a steady rise in the demand for counseling services. Digital mental health programs, such as those delivered through mobile apps, can add to the array of available services but must be tested for usability and acceptability before implementation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine how students used IntelliCare for College Students over an 8-week period to examine the preliminary associations between app use and psychosocial targets and to gather user feedback about usability issues that need to be remedied before a larger implementation study.

METHODS

IntelliCare for College Students is an app-based platform that provides symptom assessments with personalized feedback, information about campus resources, lessons on mental health and wellness topics, and access to the suite of interactive skill–focused IntelliCare apps. A total of 20 students were recruited to participate in an 8-week study. To test for a broad range of potential users, we recruited a mixed sample of students with elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety and students without elevated symptoms. Participants completed psychosocial questionnaires at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Participants also completed user feedback interviews at weeks 4 and 8 in which they provided feedback on their experience using the app and suggestions for changes they would like to be made to the app.

RESULTS

Of the 20 students who downloaded the app, 19 completed the study, indicating a high rate of retention. Over the study period, participants completed an average of 5.85 (SD 2.1; range 1-8) symptom assessments. Significant improvements were observed in the Anxiety Literacy Questionnaire scores (Z=−2.006; P=.045) and in the frequency with which participants used both cognitive (Z=−2.091; P=.04) and behavioral (Z=−2.249; P=.03) coping skills. In the feedback interviews, we identified a high degree of usability with minor bugs in the app software, which were quickly fixed. Furthermore, in feedback interviews, we identified that users found the app to be convenient and appreciated the ability to use the program in short bursts of time.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings indicate that the IntelliCare for College Students program was perceived as largely usable and engaging. Although the program demonstrated usability and preliminary benefits to students, further testing is needed to determine its clinical utility among college students.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04035577; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04035577
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BACTERICIDAL POTENCY OF JUSTICIA ADHATODA AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS
Authors: M SELVARANI , V JEYASIMGA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance has made an important public health issue in the modern world. Nowadays, many research efforts have been directed toward the development of drugs from medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms. Hence, the present attempt has been made to evaluate the bactericidal potency of traditional medicinal plant, Justicia adhatoda against selected clinical pathogens.

Methods: Leaf extracts of J. adhatoda were subjected to standard phytochemical analyses by qualitative color tests to confirm the presence of active Phytoconstituents. Bactericidal potency of the leaf extracts of J. adhatoda was assessed by growth inhibition zone against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Sensitivity of the tested bacterial strains was also checked with standard reference antibiotic vancomycin.

Results: Qualitative phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones, saponins, resins, glycosides, and phenols. Fourier-transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of phytochemicals belong to various functional groups such as alkenes, alkanes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and phenols. Results on bactericidal efficacy demonstrated that solvents used in the present experiment showed higher activity in the order ethanol >ethyl acetate >chloroform >diethyl ether >methanol >acetone >water. Leaf extracts of J. adhatoda showed the higher activity for different clinical pathogens in the order of P. aeruginosa >B. cereus >E. coli >K. pneumoniae >S. aureus. Among the tested bacterial pathogens, B. cereus exhibited maximum susceptibility (18.33±0.94 mm) toward ethyl acetate extract. The maximum activity index (2.67±0.42) and fold area increase (6.31±2.24) were also observed against B. cereus for ethyl acetate extract.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that J. adhatoda has broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and a potential source of antibacterial agents that could be useful for the control of infectious diseases.
IN VITRO AND IN SILICO APPROACHES ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA METHANOLIC STEM EXTRACT
Authors: M THAMIZHPRIYA , A AVILA JERLEY , T SHALINI GNANAM , M JEYAKANI , S INDU , M RAJALAKSHMI
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic stem fraction of Tinospora cordifolia against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by in vitro and in silico approaches.

Methods: In agar disc diffusion method, the inhibitory zone produced by various concentrations of the fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition pattern. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were calculated by broth dilution method. The total DNA present in the fraction treated bacterial cultures was estimated and compared with control DNA. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of the gas chromatography– mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified compounds were generated using ChemSketch tool. The docking studies were performed for analyzing the receptor and ligand interactions.

Results: The higher zone revealed the maximum inhibition of the growth of bacteria that were ranged from 2 mm to 6 mm for E. coli and 1.5 mm to 6.3±0.29 mm for S. aureus. MIC values showed that 30 μg/ml of the fraction was found as the effective dose. The DNA content isolated from the treated culture of both the strains was comparatively lesser than that of the untreated control culture. The GC–MS data analysis depicted the presence 15 major components in the fraction and the sharp peaks were obtained at time intervals 17.50, 20.27, 30.06, etc.

Conclusion: Thus, methanolic stem fraction of T. cordifolia possesses promising therapeutic activity against the urinary tract infection pathogens such as E. coli and S. aureus and a further exploration in the isolation and characterization such as plant-derived phytoconstituents would open up new ventures in the field of antibacterial drug discovery.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASELINE CD4 T CELLS’ LEVEL AND RECOVERY RATE AFTER INITIATION OF ART IN HIV/AIDS INFECTED AT HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES, VIETNAM
Authors: PHU TAO GIA , HONG NHUNG HUYNH THI
Published: October 2020

Objective: HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the correlation of recovery responses and baseline CD4 T cells’ level in HIV/AIDS adult patients after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Vietnam.

Methods: The study was a clinic-based longitudinal study done at an outpatient clinic, Tropical Diseases Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 10/2018 to 8/2019.

Results: Ninety-three patients were provided informed consent to participate in this study. Overall, the mean of CD4 T cell counts was 161.7 cells/μl. In AIDS patients groups, at the baseline mean of T CD4 cell was 65 cells/μl and in the non-AIDS group was 315 cells/μl. The slope of the plotted overall CD4 cell counts increased significantly in both two groups and the steepest increases in the first 3 months. After 6 months, patients who were AIDS stages were had a higher viral load in plasma than others, with p<0.005. The changes in CD4 T cell counts were significantly associated with age and occupational status.

Conclusion: The present study found that immunological responses of patients with first-line ART were not related to baseline CD4 T cells’ level. However, low baseline CD4 counts were associated with poor virologic suppression.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF EXTRACTS AS AN AUXILIARY IN NATURAL HAIR SHAMPOO
Authors: TINRAT SIRIKHWAN , SINGHAPOL CHATCHAWAN
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the phytochemical compounds, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf extract and used it as an auxiliary herbal constituent in natural hair shampoo.

Methods: VA leaf was macerated in various solvents. All crude extracts were phytochemical compounds screened and determined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities before formulating a natural shampoo formula. Natural shampoos were evaluated with physic-chemical properties and sensory satisfaction.

Results: About 95% ethanolic extract was the most suitable substrate for product development. It reveals the inhibition zone from 7.00±0.00 to 15.00±1.00 mm and possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations value ranged from 6.250 to 100 mg/ml and 25 to >200 mg/ml, respectively. About 95% ethanolic extract also revealed high antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of DPPH of 95% ethanolic extract was 1.88±0.02 μg/ml (% inhibition of 85.73±0.01) and the ferric reducing ability power was 23.00±0.50 mg AAE/100 gDW. These high biological activities may be due to a broad range of phytochemical compounds, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids.

Conclusions: The VA leaf was suitable to use as an ingredient in natural shampoos with a low detrimental effect on normal skin flora. The shampoo with 0.00188% of 95% ethanolic extract was the most suitable formula in terms of characteristics and stability. This formula also obtained the highest satisfaction level under our sensory evaluation.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEDICATED LOZENGES FOR SORE THROAT
Authors: CHANDA RUPALI , NALLAGUNTLA LAVANYA
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate lozenges for a sore throat using Loratadine. Loratadine is a long-acting peripheral H1-receptor antagonist which is mainly used as an antihistamine. Loratadine lozenges were prepared to prevent the itching and inflammation in sore throat.

Methods: Solid dispersion of Loratadine was prepared using β-cyclodextrin in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 to enhance the solubility of Loratadine. The prepared solid dispersion of Loratadine was analyzed for solubility enhancement. Loratadine lozenges were then formulated with mannitol, sucrose, acacia, xanthan gum, liquid glucose by heat, and congealing technique. The prepared lozenges were evaluated for drug-excipient incompatibility study, diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, in vitro release study, and drug content.

Results: The results of the Fourier transform infrared study showed that there was no interaction between the selected drug and excipients. In vitro drug release study of Loratadine lozenges were performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, wherein >90% of the drug was released within 30 min for all the formulations. The lozenges were optimized based on in vitro release data. Formulation F7 of Loratadine lozenges exhibited 99.1% release in 30 min. Stability studies revealed that the formulation was stable.

Conclusion: From the present work, it was concluded that the Loratadine lozenges can be considered as a suitable delivery system for the treatment of sore throat.
CYTOTOXICITY OF FIVE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST DIFFERENT HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES AND THEIR MOLECULAR MECHANISM
Authors: EL-HALLOUTY SALWA , BATAWI ASHWAQ , SHAFI MANAL , RASHWAN ESAM , ELHAWARY EZZELDIN , ABDELAAL NESMA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Five methanol plant extracts namely, Euphorbia hierosolymitana, Dracaena marginata, Cordyline terminalis, and Sapium sebifera were screened in vitro for their cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines; namely, PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 (prostate, liver, colon, and breast cancer) and human normal cell lines, namely, BJ-1.

Methods: E. hierosolymitana (extract A) selectively inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.22 μg/ml, both Dracaena marginata (extract B) (bark, leaves, and branches) showed moderate cytotoxicity on MCF-7 with IC50 of 22.4 and 48.2 μg/ml, respectively. The remaining two extracts showed minimal to insignificant percentage inhibition on all cell lines.

Results: E. hierosolymitana extract was selected for further studying, where the effect of the extract on the HCT116 cells showed a downregulation of her2 and Bcl-2 gene and overexpression of the Bax gene. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to understand the effect of E. hierosolymitana on the apoptosis induction and the cell cycle. The results showed the induction of early and late apoptosis by 5.81 and 10.01%, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results infer that E. hierosolymitana has a promising chance in fighting colorectal cancer due to its high cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cancer cells while having minimal effects on the BJ-1 normal cell lines.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDROMETHANOL EXTRACT OF GORDONIA DIPTEROSPERMA KURZ.
Authors: LAPASAM PHAIBIANG , LALTHASANGA ANDREW , NONGKHLAW FREDDY TEILANG , PUIA ZOTHAN
Published: October 2020

Objective: This research is to evaluate the pharmacognostic parameter, phytochemical analysis, and in vitro antioxidant properties of hydromethanol extract.

Method: This study carries out the collection and authentication of the plant, extraction, pharmacognostic study, preliminary phytochemical screening, and antioxidant property of leaves hydromethanol extract were evaluated by scavenging the following free radicals – DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and reducing power. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test was performed. The minimum value of *p˂0.05 considered as significant, **p˂0.01 and ***p˂0.001.

Results: Powder microscopy of the leaves showed the presence of stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, trichome, fibers, and oil glands. The total ash was considered to be 3.75%, water-soluble ash 1.25%, and acid-soluble ash 3%. Hydromethanol (3:7) extract yielded 38.8%, moisture content 15.6%. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycoside, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, and steroid. The total flavonoid content was considered to be 32.25 mg/g of quercetin and the total phenolic content of the extract was found 610 mg/g of gallic acid. The IC50 radical scavenging effect of extract and gallic acid was considered to be 3.62 and 3.46 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 10.4 and 24.73 for hydrogen peroxide, and 48.76 and 58.83 for nitric oxide.

Conclusion: The phytochemical constituents of the extract were well-known pharmacologically active chemicals and significant antioxidant potential was shown by the extract. This study finds out the rationality of the use of this plant as a medicinal plant. Further studies would be needed to explore their potential as a treatment for fever, diarrhea, and dysentery.
CASE REPORT ON PHENYTOIN-INDUCED IATROGENIC GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: GUNTURU LAKSHMI NARASIMHA
Published: October 2020

Phenytoin is a diphenylhydantoin which is mostly used in the treatment of epilepsies and arrhythmias. Chronic usage of phenytoin leads to a number of undesirable effects. Most of the adverse effects associated with phenytoin are hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, osteomalacia, cleft lip, and hypoplastic phalanges. Gingival hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells or an increase in the size of gingiva is observed due to a defect in collagen metabolism. Here, we report a case of a 20-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with gingival hyperplasia due to the prolonged use of phenytoin for 3 months. The patient’s condition was improved after the withdrawal of phenytoin and other antiepileptic drugs were recommended for his treatment.
ANTI-MELANOMA BIO-EFFICACY OF THE PLANT MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA AND ITS ENHANCEMENT USING BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLE LOADED GOLD NANOPARTICLE
Authors: YADAV SAURABH , SHARMA MUKTI , GANESH NARAYANAN , SRIVASTAVA SHALINI , SRIVASTAVA M. M.
Published: October 2020

Objective: Unexplored in-vivo anti-melanoma bio-efficacy of the plant Madhuca longifolia (bark) has been carried out against C57BL/6 mice.

Methods: Optimized experimental conditions of phytofabrication of gold nanoparticles were as follows: flavonoid content (1 ml, 0.5 mg/ml), sodium tetrachloroaurate dihydrate solution (2 ml, 1 mM), and sonication (15 min, 20 KHz) at pH 4. The optical properties; ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), particles size and zeta potential (Zetasizer), miller indices; X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology; field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), particle size; high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), surface roughness; atomic force microscopy (AFM) and elemental composition; and energy dispersive X-rays (EDX) of flavonoid loaded gold nanoparticles. In-vivo anti-melanoma bio-efficacy has been carried out against C57BL mice. Radioisotopic, hematological, and histopathological studies were carried out using standard procedures.

Results: Redox potential of the total flavonoid extracted from the bark of the plant (Madhuca longifolia) has been used for the fabrication of flavonoid loaded gold nanoparticles (F@AuNp) and confirmed for the first time their significant anti-melanoma bio-efficacy. The finding is supported by hematological and histopathological studies carried out in the organs (liver, kidney, and intestine) of C57BL mice. The significant enhancement in phytofabricated F@AuNp compared to native bark extract of the plant has been assigned to enhanced stay period and nanosizing, biocompatibility, nontoxic nature, and enhanced beneficial payload to the cancerous cells.

Conclusion: Such phytofabricated gold nanoparticles possess an admirable prospect for the expansion of herbal nanomedicine for anti-melanoma bio-efficacy.
A REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES IN MONITORING AND CONTROLLING GENOTOXIC IMPURITIES
Authors: S SUTNGA VANDAMME , R RAJESH
Published: October 2020

Genotoxic impurities (GIs) are chemical agents that have a DNA-interaction characteristic which can ultimately lead to cancer. Their presence in various drug substances had driven various regulatory authorities to guide monitor, control, and to limit their level in various drug products. The objective of this article is to review the analytical approaches and challenges faced while accessing, monitoring, and controlling GIs in pharmaceuticals and also a brief explanation such as low limits of GIs, matrix interference, non-volatility, and environmental conditions encountered during the analysis of GIs are also discussed in this paper. At present, several modern analytical techniques are being used for the analysis of GIs such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy that have high selectivity and sensitivity, but at the same time, many researchers have reported several challenges while using these techniques. Impacts of GIs are very important and various international organizations such as the World Health Organization have set out rules for regulating these chemicals. Hence, we can conclude that analytical approaches and their challenges are essential to understand because they play a key role to develop robust analytical methods.
A REVIEW ON STABILITY TESTING GUIDELINES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: F ZOTHANPUII , R RAJESH , K SELVAKUMAR
Published: October 2020

Stability studies must be carried out according to the guidelines provided by the International Conference of Harmonization, World Health Organization, and other agencies in a scheduled manner. The pharmaceutical product’s stability can be defined as the ability, within its physical, chemical, microbiological, toxicology, protective, and informational requirements of a particular formulation in a specific container-closure system. It also guarantees that the performance, safety, and efficacy are maintained throughout the shelf life of any pharmaceutical product which is considered as pre-requisite for acceptance and approval. Different stability test methods have originated with the need for constant monitoring of drugs and products for their quality and purity. In this review, we have included the types of stability of drugs substances, the relevance of different methods used to test the stability of the pharmaceutical product, guidelines issued to test the stability of pharmaceuticals, stability testing protocols which describes the main components of a well-controlled and regulated stability test and other aspects of stability.
A SYNERGISTIC INSULINOTROPIC EFFECT OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT AND POMEGRANATE EXTRACT WITH ROSIGLITAZONE: BOTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENT
Authors: S REKHA , S CHANDRASHEKHARA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Scientists have growing interest in traditional medicinal plants as they contain active ingredients for the treatment of various diseases. Tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. The variety of tea and tea extracts in the market has different polyphenol profiles, which are the bioactive chemical entities. We performed a direct comparison between Thea sinensis, green tea extracts (GTEs), and Punica granatum peel powder (PGPP), which have been chemically well characterized in a type II diabetic mouse model.

Methods: We conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments in the present paper. In vivo studies were carried out on male Swiss albino rats having type II diabetes, induced by single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (0.7 mg/Kg i.m.) and IDDM rats received either PGPP (200 mg/kg) or GTE (100 mg/kg) as a single oral dose. After the above result, the extracts were further subjected to know the effect of insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells providing confirmation of insulinotropic effect.

Results: The results revealed that both PGPP and GTE substantially lowered blood glucose levels and ameliorated glucose intolerance, both were effective in antihyperglycemic activity and in lowering body weight gain. Serum insulin levels significantly increased in GTE group as well as in PGPP group, suggesting that they were exerting hypoglycemic effects through different pathways.

Conclusion: Synergistic action of PGPP and GTE is an effective alternative for the treatment of type II diabetes through the regeneration of β cells of pancreas.
DELONIX REGIA BOJ. EX. HOOK RAFFIN; FAMILY: FABACEAE, BARK METHANOL EXTRACT PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION
Authors: SHIVAMALLU ARPITHA , SEKHAR SHAILASREE
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer potencies of the Delonix regia bark, a first of its kind.

Methods: The bark was extracted sequentially in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane, chloroform, and methanol in the increasing order of polarity. These extracts were subjected to find its antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria was tested. The anti-inflammatory properties were elucidated by its capacity to inhibit 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) and human cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Cell cytotoxic capacity was evaluated against MCF-7 cells breast cancer cell lines.

Results: Liquid chromatography (LC)-Mass Spectroscopy (MS) fingerprint of the methanol extract identified a total of 14 polyphenols, of which five were structurally characterized based on their mass-charge ratio [M-H]− peak, UV-vis absorption in comparison to published data. Antibacterial activity by disk diffusion inhibited human pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial biofilm inhibition capacity of extract (750 mg) imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed loss of microcolonies. Extract when tested for 15-LOX inhibition exhibited IC50 values of 94.5 ± 1.23 mg.mL−1 by enzyme kinetics studies using spectrophotometric techniques. Similarly, it could inhibit COX-2 enzyme at relatively lower concentrations (32.18 ± 1.91 mg.mL−1). Further, it quenched free radicals produced by Fentons’ reagent studied by DNS-nicking assay indicating its strong antioxidant property with the capacity to protect DNA. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis induced in MCF-7 cells was assessed morphologically.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that D. regia bark methanol extract exerts its therapeutic activity for further pharmaceutical evaluations. Further studies are necessary to determine the mechanisms of these pharmacological properties.
ASSIMILATING AND REPRODUCING CONCEPTS AFTER PHARMACOLOGY LECTURE - A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY
Authors: SREEDHARAN SYAM , PALAPPALLIL DHANYA SASIDHARAN , VEEDU LAILA KANDATH , KN HARI SANKAR , MUTHANATTU DIVAKARAN ATHIRA
Published: October 2020

Objective: Medical undergraduates learn pharmacology during the second phase of MBBS. Considering the expanding list of drugs and volatility associated with its learning, the objective of this study was to describe the factors that interfere with the assimilation and reproduction of the concepts in pharmacology.

Methods: This was a descriptive study done in the Department of Pharmacology of a Government Medical College in Central Kerala for a period of 2 months. Five short answer questions were chosen to elicit responses from the participants in the form of a surprise test. A Google fill out form elicited the perception of the participants about learning during the pharmacology lecture. The data were sorted and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Descriptive data were expressed using frequencies and percentages.

Results: Of the 148 students, 84 (56.75%) participated in the study. For the surprise test, the mean marks scored were 2.24±0.77 (maximum marks 5). Forty-seven (56%) participants claimed that they were attentive in pharmacology lectures only “sometimes.” The majority of the participants 82 (97.6%) “sometimes” found it difficult to imbibe the concepts in pharmacology. Seventy (83.3%) agreed that definitions are difficult to learn as such. Only 10 (11.9%) disagreed with the statement that a drug’s action cannot be interpreted as its use because sometimes actions can aggravate some diseases. Sixty-one (72.6%) participants had difficulty in understanding the word “rationale.” Five minutes break, continuity of topics, separate question-answer session at the end of class, summarization, a video demonstration of the mechanism of action, providing printed lecture notes, simple explanation, mnemonics to learn, clinical correlation, lectures during morning hours, and team-based quizzes were some suggestions to increase the assimilation of the subject.

Conclusion: Participants had a mean score which was <50% of the total score. While the scores for definitions varied the question on uses of drugs fetched similar marks; however, the students had poor performance on the question related to rationale. Ignorance about the meaning of the word “rationale” shows the importance of regular feedback and the use of simple language in understanding the problems faced by the participants in learning the concepts in pharmacology.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS HERBAL COSMETICS: A SURVEY
Authors: TIWARI MEGHA , DUBEY VISHAL , LAHIRI AKANKSHA
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare various herbal cosmetic brands to find their popularity ranking.

Methodology: The method used is a survey-based questionnaire.

Results: According to the above survey conducted in Kanpur regarding herbal products, we came across the following result that Himalaya was the most popular brand as compared to other brands like Patanjali and Joves and other similar brands.

Conclusion: There is not at all shortage in the demand for herbal products in the market. The consumers concern toward health risk and harmful effect of chemical products forcing them to switch over to natural products. There is high favorability of Himalaya products among its users.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 INFECTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF DELHI NCR, INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY BASED STUDY
Authors: AQEEL UBADA , DAUD ALI MOHAMMAD , IQBAL ZEENAT , MIRZA MOHD. AAMIR
Published: October 2020

Objective: In the given study, we have carried out a survey among general population of Delhi NCR (India) for the knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and also attempted to reach to a few conclusions in the form of recommendations.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based online survey (using Google Forms) was conducted between April 2020 and May 2020 to investigative knowledge, perceptions, and attitude toward COVID-19. Chi-square test was used for the computation of p-value.

Results: There were total 823 respondents, with 43.01% females and 56.98% males. Around 73.74% respondents believe that it has become a social stigma. About 75.09% were of the opinion that sneezing etiquettes can help in curbing the infection. About 93.43% of study population follows the personal hygiene, 24.78% wished to get insurance coverage. Similarly, interesting data were collected over different aspects of COVID-19.

Conclusions: The current pandemic is the first exposure at such a large scale to the existing population but with the progression of time, authorities and general population are collating knowledge about the same. It is to be fought at all the fronts such as medical, social, economic, and psychological. Hence, this type of survey becomes an important tool in decision making.
HPTLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF β-SITOSTEROL FROM IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO SAMPLES OF MERREMIA AEGYPTIA AND MERREMIA DISSECTA
Authors: JOSHI RIDHI , MEENA RISHIKESH , MISHRA PREETI , PATNI VIDYA
Published: October 2020

Objective: A normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for estimation and quantitation of beta-sitosterol from the methanolic fraction of different plant parts of two medicinally important plants viz. Merremia aegyptia and Merremia dissecta. These plants have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Methods: Chromatographic separation of beta-sitosterol from the methanolic extracts of plant parts of M. aegyptia and M. dissecta was performed on TLC aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 using a suitable mobile phase. The densitometric scanning was done after derivatization at ????-580 nm for ????-sitosterol.

Result: Only M. dissecta leaf sample was reported to contain ????-sitosterol (4.6 ng/μl), whereas other samples such as seed, stem, and callus extracts of M. aegyptia and M. dissecta did not showed its presence.

Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method is simple, rapid, and precise and can be used for routine analysis and quantification of ????-sitosterol and other useful plant bioactives that are phytopharmaceutically important.
ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB.) LEAVES
Authors: TRIPATHI REKHA
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine various extracts of leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia against some test bacteria and test fungi.

Methods: Disk diffusion method was adopted for the assessment of antimicrobial activity. Amikacin and nystatin were used as standard drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively.

Results: The screening data indicated that all four extracts showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but the growth of this bacteria was inhibited the most by the aqueous extract. In the case of antifungal efficacy, all the extracts inhibited the growth of almost all the test fungi. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts showed maximum efficacy against Aspergillus flavus, whereas methanolic extract and aqueous extract inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola significantly.

Conclusion: Different extracts of leaves of H. integrifolia were significantly active against selected test fungi and they can be a harmless alternative of expensive conventional medicines.
Verde, blanco y encarnado: los retratos de Ángela Peralta durante el Segundo Imperio Mexicano
Authors: Amézaga Heiras Gustavo
Published: October 2020

En noviembre de 1865, la soprano Ángela Peralta regresó a su patria para presentarse ante el público de la capital y de otros departamentos del Imperio Mexicano. Las crónicas periodísticas reseñaron su llegada y recepción como un hecho sin igual. Este artículo aborda los usos y la circulación de los retratos de la artista en el contexto de la transición política del Imperio Mexicano a la República Restaurada, a partir de una investigación basada en la consulta de bibliohemerografía, colecciones particulares, archivos y otras fuentes primarias. El regreso de Ángela Peralta a México y la demanda de sus retratos manifestaron la proyección en el imaginario sobre su figura de una representación de la nación mexicana.
Trazos de lo efímero: la traça y planta del arco triunfal para el recibimiento del obispo Gutierre Bernardo de Quirós a la diócesis de Puebla-Tlaxcala (1627)
Authors: Amador Marrero Pablo F.
Published: October 2020

El 13 de octubre de 1627 entraba a Puebla de los Ángeles, hoy Puebla de Zaragoza, México, el obispo Gutierre Bernardo de Quirós para tomar posesión de la silla episcopal. Tras el acostumbrado recibimiento y la procesión por las calles de la ciudad, llegó a la catedral, frente a cuya fachada principal se le dispuso un sitial en el que “escuchar por dos personas que para este efecto se previnieron” las que debieron ser elocuentes loas que explicaban el arco triunfal que en su honor enmarcaba la Puerta del Perdón. Concertado su diseño y ejecución desde tiempo antes, la conservación de la traza original en el archivo catedralicio nos permite desarrollar aquí su estudio desde diversos puntos de vista. Al tomar como referencia formal el dibujo, esta investigación atiende tanto el modelo como su contexto artístico y a sus protagonistas, todo con el fin de devolver a la historia del arte uno de los escasos elementos gráficos de este tipo de obras que tanta notoriedad alcanzaron en época virreinal y también, luego, en el México independiente.
Mozart y Salieri: entre naturaleza y razón de la creación artística
Authors: Gómez Arturo García , Chkourak Olga
Published: October 2020

El artículo trata sobre la mistificación de la muerte de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, y su dramatización en la obra del poeta ruso Alexander Serguéyevich Pushkin titulada: Mozart y Salieri. Su objetivo es mostrar, mediante los antecedentes y el análisis de esta obra, el inestable equilibrio de los principios de la creación artística que el romanticismo descubre en el mito mozartiano. El poeta lleva este mito a la tragedia. Sus personajes representan el eterno conflicto de la creación artística entre razón y naturaleza. Salieri representa la techné [τέχνη], al hábil artesano [τεχνίται] producto del esfuerzo y la razón. En cambio, Mozart representa la mousiké [μουσική], al inspirado poeta-cantor [ἀοιδός], cuyo arte solo proviene del don divino otorgado por las Musas.
Topiltzin actor
Authors: Lebeuf Arnold
Published: October 2020

Este ensayo analiza las cuatro páginas de los Anales de Cuauhtitlan que tratan la vida y muerte de Quetzalcóatl. En él, me ciño a un punto de vista: revisar las fuentes históricas que refieren a Quetzalcóatl a la luz de lo que sabemos del teatro del misterio religioso en el México prehispánico, representaciones teatrales que culminan con el sacrificio del actor principal o bien de toda la agrupación. Algunos autores opinan que Quetzalcóatl fue un personaje histórico y otros que fue una figura únicamente mítica, aunque es posible que fuese ambos. Los Anales de Cuauhtitlan describen una o más representaciones históricas de un libreto mitológico.
Antonio Enríquez, Felipe Pastor y san Ángel predicando: un cuadro desconocido en la colección del Museo Regional de Guadalajara
Authors: Robin Alena
Published: October 2020

El texto presenta un cuadro novohispano firmado por Antonio Enríquez, pintor activo a mediados del siglo XVIII en la ciudad de Guadalajara. El lienzo de grandes dimensiones pertenece a la colección del Museo Regional de Guadalajara, pero hasta hace poco se guardaba en la bodega, seccionado en dos, olvidado por los especialistas del campo y el público en general. El propósito de esta nota es dar a conocer el cuadro y su iconografía, proporcionando también datos sobre el pintor que la realizó y su posible mecenas. Actualmente la obra está siendo intervenida por la Escuela de Conservación y Restauración de Occidente con el propósito de exhibirla al público.
Kompetensi Kepribadian Pendidik Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Fahrudin Imam
Published: October 2020

The teacher is the main actor responsible for developing the full potential of students in the education process. The output produced by the educational process certainly depends on the educator as a role model for students. The task of managing the learning process is not easy for an educator. The demands for a teacher's professionalism are proven by a series of competencies that must be mastered. One of the competencies that must be possessed by educators is personality competence. Educator or teacher are figures who are emulated in their knowledge and personality. The problem today is that not a few teachers are less professional in positioning themselves in front of students This study will look for references for teacher personality competencies in an Islamic perspective. The discussion was written through data mining with literature study. The result found seventeen personalities that must be owned by a teacher. Seventeen personality points formulated in this study will form a teacher with a Muslim personality. It also instills Islamic character and is closer to students, so that the teacher will be more successful in managing the learning process.
Model Pendidikan Pesantren: Studi Kasus di Pesantren Rakyat Al-Amin Sumberpucung Kab. Malang
Authors: Thoifah Ianatut
Published: October 2020

System is a set of elements of education which are related and connected each other and give influence each other to achieve a certain goal. One of attempt that can be done is through developing system of Islamic Education there, while the model is a product of developing system. Focus of this research is how implementation of the model “Rakyat Al- Amin” Islamic boarding school in Sumberpucung, Malang including some components of Islamic boarding school itself: boarding, mosque, Islamic classic books, students and kiyai. The result of this research shows the difference of the components of Islamic boarding school commonly and the components of Rakyat Islamic boarding school. In the reality Rakyat Islamic boarding school only has 3 components such as teaching Islamic classic book, students and kyai, but it doesn’t mean that the other components of Islamic boarding school are not important, the other components just have different function.
Kepemimpinan Non-Muslim: Penafsiran Surat Al-Maidah Ayat 51 dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar dan Tafsir Al-Mishbah
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad
Published: October 2020

This article wants to explain the interpretation of Surah Al-Maidah Verse 51 in two interpretive books, namely Tafsir Al-Azhar written by Haji Abdul Karim Malik Amrullah (Hamka) and Tafsir Al-Mishbah by M. Quraish Syihab. This text wants to compare the perspectives in the interpretation of the two of Surat Al-Maidah Verse 51 regarding non-Muslim leadership. Both models of interpretation deserve to be studied and relevant because both write their tafisr books based on the tahlili (analytical) method, which is to interpret the verses of the Koran by describing various aspects contained in the verses being interpreted and explaining the meanings. the meaning it entails. In addition, these two tafsir books have the same style of interpretation as adabi ijtima'i, a style that describes and describes the interpretation based on social facts. This article concludes that Hamka interprets Surah Al-Maidah verse 51 as an absolute prohibition against making non-Muslims as leaders among Muslims. He argued that non-Muslims would always try to do bad things to Muslims. Meanwhile, M. Quraish Shihab interprets this verse not as an absolute prohibition. Non-Muslims who live in peace with Muslim communities have the same rights and obligations as Muslims, as well as the right to become leaders.
Analisa Efisiensi Algoritma Hybrid El Gamal dan Short Range Natural Number pada Keamanan Pesan Berbasis Socket TCP
Authors: Limbong Pitra Nur Dwijayanto , Aminudin Aminudin , Arifianto Sofyan
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat dapat berdampak pada keamanan digital. Pengiriman pesan  singkat merupakan salah satu pengimplementasian pada era digital. Pengirman pesan sangat berdampak pada keamanannya. Kriptografi dibutuhkan dalam proses pengamanan pesan. Penelitian ini menguji algoritma Hybrid (El Gamal SRNN) yang merupakan hasil improvisasi dari penelitian sebelumnya. Algoritma Hybrid akan dianalisa efisiensinya dalam segi performa dan keamanannya. Efisiensi performa meliputi tiga hal yaitu waktu proses pembangkitan kunci, waktu proses enkripsi dan waktu proses dekripsi. Efisiensi keamanan akan diuji menggunakan serangan kombinasi baby step-giant step dan factorization attack. Algoritma Hybrid dirancang menggunakan inputan bilangan prima yang akan menghasilkan kunci public dan privat tambahan hasil dari bilangan acak variable u dan a yang akan menghasilkan masing-masing kunci publik (y, g, pEL, n, e, ua) dan kunci privat (x, pEL, d, a, u). Penambahan variable kunci privat dan public ini dimaksudkan agar keamanan dari algoritma ini lebih baik dan sulit untuk dipecahkan. Performa algoritma Hybrid yang diajukan lebih buruk dari segi pembangkitan kunci, waktu enkripsi dan dekripsi yang mana waktu yang diperlukan masing-masing adalah 1.429, 1.407, 1.516  lebih lambat dari algoritma Hybrid (El Gamal RSA). Pengujian keamanan menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Hybrid (El Gamal SRNN) yang diajukan lebih baik ketimbang algoritma Hybrid (El Gamal RSA) dilihat dari waktu eksekusi yang masih belum ditemukan variable u dan a belum bisa dipecahkan.
Remote Control Monitoring Simtem Irigasi Sprinkler Berbasis IoT Pada Tanaman Hortikultura
Authors: Nasrulloh Fakhrul , Wicaksono Galih Wasis , Sari Zamah
Published: October 2020

Dengan  adanya  lahan  pertanian  yang  melimpah  di  Indonesia  maka  diperlukan  suatu perencanaan  jaringan  irigasi  yang  lebih  modern,  berteknologi  dan  berinovasi.  Hal  tersebut dilakukan  guna  menunjang  sistem  irigasi  yang  baik  sehingga  mampu  menghasilkan  kualitas pertanian yang bagus. Remote control monitoring sistem irigasi sprinkler berbasis IoT (Internet of Things)  merupakan  rancangan  jaringan  irigasi  sprinkler  yang  bisa  digunakan  dari  jarak  jauh menggunakan  smartphone.  Dimana  pada  sistem  irigasi  tersebut  mengikuti  perkembangan teknologi yang sudah berkembang di Indonesia saat ini yaitu industri 4.0. Desain dan rancangan komponen mikrokontroler sistem jaringan irigasi sprinkler berbasis IoT dapat terintegrasi dengan smartphone   pada   Blynk   App   dan   tentunya   terkoneksi   dengan   jaringan   internet.   Untuk terwujudnya suatu sistem irigasi sprinkler perlu dilakukan implementasi dan pengujian hardware maupun software guna mengetahui kinerja dari sistem irigasi. Mikrokontroler pada sistem irigasi sprinkler  ini  menggunnakan  ESP8266  NodeMCU  v3.  Pemrograman  pada  board  ESP8266 NodeMCU menggunakan bahasa pemrograman yang sama dengan Arduino yaitu bahasa C/C++ dan untuk melakukan pengembangan pemrograman juga support dengan software Arduino IDE. Komponen mikrokontroler yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini ialah kontroler motor servo, water flow  sensor,  dan  soil  moisture  sensor.  Penelitian  ini  dilakukan  di  Laboratorium  terbuka  milik Universitas  Islam  Malang  (UNISMA)  dengan  lahan  asli  persawahan  ukuran  10x10  meter  dan tanpa memperhatikan faktor cuaca.