bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satake diagrams and real structures on spherical varieties
Authors: Akhiezer Dmitri
Published: October 2015

With each antiholomorphic involution [Formula: see text] of a connected complex semisimple Lie group [Formula: see text] we associate an automorphism [Formula: see text] of its Dynkin diagram. The definition of [Formula: see text] is given in terms of the Satake diagram of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a self-normalizing spherical subgroup. If [Formula: see text] then we prove the uniqueness and existence of a [Formula: see text]-equivariant real structure on [Formula: see text] and on the wonderful completion of [Formula: see text].
Improved efficient routing strategy on two-layer complex networks
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Han Weizhan , Guo Qing , Zhang Shuai , Wang Junfang , Wang Zhihao
Published: October 2015

The traffic dynamics of multi-layer networks has become a hot research topic since many networks are comprised of two or more layers of subnetworks. Due to its low traffic capacity, the traditional shortest path routing (SPR) protocol is susceptible to congestion on two-layer complex networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient routing strategy named improved global awareness routing (IGAR) strategy which is based on the betweenness centrality of nodes in the two layers. With the proposed strategy, the routing paths can bypass hub nodes of both layers to enhance the transport efficiency. Simulation results show that the IGAR strategy can bring much better traffic capacity than the SPR and the global awareness routing (GAR) strategies. Because of the significantly improved traffic performance, this study is helpful to alleviate congestion of the two-layer complex networks.
A general Stückelberg holographic conductor/superconductor model
Authors: Liu Guohua , Peng Yan
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we study a general holographic conductor/superconductor model with Stückelberg mechanism in the four-dimensional AdS back hole background without backreaction. We try to disclose properties of the phase transitions through condensations of the scalar operators. We find that the model parameters can determine the order of phase transitions and the new model provide richer physics in the phase transition diagram.
Adsorption-site dependence of electronic and magnetic properties of hydrogen impurities on bilayer graphene
Authors: Mirzadeh Mahboobeh , Farjam Mani
Published: October 2015

In bilayer graphene, the A and B sites in each layer have different local electronic structures due to the presence of the second layer. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we examine the effect of sublattice inequivalence on various properties of hydrogen defects in bilayer graphene. Density functional calculations show that induced magnetic moments by H adsorption on A and B sites of bilayer graphene are both equal to [Formula: see text] at zero temperature, but change slightly and develop a mismatch at finite temperature. We show how this variation follows from the fact that H on A site remains gapless but H on B site opens an energy gap. We also use a tight-binding model to explain the differences in band structures for H adsorption on A and B sites. The results obtained in this work suggest that there are important differences in electronic and magnetic properties between H adsorption on monolayer and bilayer graphene.
A Fast Simulator in FPGA for LUT-Based Combinational Logic Circuits of Arbitrary Topology for Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Cabrita Daniel Mealha , Lima Carlos Raimundo Erig
Published: October 2015

Current works on generation of combinational logic circuits (CLC) using evolutionary algorithms (EA) propose solutions using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to accelerate the process of combinational circuit simulation, a step needed in order to evaluate the level of correctness of each individual circuit. However, the current works fail to separate the two distinct problems: the EA and the circuit simulator. The insistence of treating both problem as a single one results in works that fail to address either properly, restricting solutions to simple circuits and to topologically restrictive circuit simulators, while providing very limited data on the results. In this work, we address the circuit simulator problem exclusively, where we propose an architecture for fast simulation of n-LUT CLC of arbitrary topology. The proposed architecture is modular and makes no assumptions on the specific EA to be used with. We provide detailed performance results for varying circuit dimensions, and those results show that our architecture is able to surpass other works both in terms of performance and topological flexibility.
On singular limits arising in the scale analysis of stratified fluid flows
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Klein Rupert , Novotný Antonín , Zatorska Ewelina
Published: October 2015

We study the low Mach low Freude numbers limit in the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and the transport equation for evolution of an entropy variable — the potential temperature [Formula: see text]. We consider the case of well-prepared initial data on “flat” torus and Reynolds number tending to infinity, and the case of ill-prepared data on an infinite slab. In both cases, we show that the weak solutions to the primitive system converge to the solution to the anelastic Navier–Stokes system and the transport equation for the second-order variation of [Formula: see text].
A traffic model aware of real time data
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M. , Marcellini Francesca
Published: October 2015

Nowadays, traffic monitoring systems have access to real time data, e.g. through GPS devices. We propose a new traffic model able to take into account these data and, hence, able to describe the effects of unpredictable accidents. The well-posedness of this model is proved and numerical integrations show qualitative features of the resulting solutions. As a further motivation for the use of real time data, we show that the inverse problem for the Lighthill–Whitham and Richards (LWR) model is ill-posed.
The octupole deformation of 143Ba
Authors: Chen Yong-Jing , Chen Yong-Shou , Gao Zao-Chun , Tu Ya
Published: October 2015

Based on existence of the octupole deformation in the intrinsic states, the experimentally observed four rotational bands in [Formula: see text]Ba have been well reproduced by the reflection asymmetric shell model (RASM) calculations. Through the analysis of the calculated RASM wave functions, the intrinsic configuration of the observed rotational bands has been assigned as the octupole deformed neutron [Formula: see text] orbit, which is just located below the [Formula: see text] shell gap. The calculated results supported the ground state octupole deformation and the purity of the simplex quantum numbers [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]Ba. In addition, the calculated [Formula: see text] values are in agreement with experimental data, and further support the octupole deformation in [Formula: see text]Ba.
Drift Change Point Estimation in Multistage Processes Using MLE
Authors: Safaeipour Alireza , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan
Published: October 2015

Usually the time a control chart shows an out-of-control signal is not the exact time at which a change happens; instead, the change has started before this time. The exact time the change starts is called the change point. Although many manufacturing processes are of a multistage type, most of change point estimations in the literature focused on processes with a single stage. In this research, a multistage process with a single quality characteristic monitored in each stage is first modeled using both a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA(1, 1)) model. Then, a maximum likelihood estimator is derived to estimate the change points, i.e., the sample number and the stage number, at which a drift change occurs in the location parameter of the multistage processes. To monitor the process, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are used and the performance of the proposed estimator is compared with the ones of CUSUM and EWMA approach in terms of the average and the standard deviation of the sample number and the number of wrong stages. The results of several simulation experiments indicate that the MLE estimator has a good performance to estimate drift change-point in multistage process.
On planar algebraic curves and holonomic 𝒟-modules in positive characteristic
Authors: Belov-Kanel Alexei , Elishev Andrey
Published: October 2015

In this paper we study a correspondence between cyclic modules over the first Weyl algebra and planar algebraic curves in positive characteristic. In particular, we show that any such curve has a preimage under a morphism of certain ind-schemes. This property might pave the way to an indirect proof of existence of a canonical isomorphism between the group of algebra automorphisms of the first Weyl algebra over the field complex numbers and the group of polynomial symplectomorphisms of [Formula: see text].
Complete hyperbolic lattices derived from tessellations of type {4g,4g}
Authors: Queiroz Cátia Quilles , Benedito Cintya W. , Interlando J. Carmelo , Palazzo Reginaldo
Published: October 2015

Regular tessellations of the hyperbolic plane play an important role in the design of signal constellations for digital communication systems. Self-dual tessellations of type [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] have been considered where the corresponding arithmetic Fuchsian groups are derived from quaternion orders over quadratic extensions of the rational. The objectives of this work are to establish the maximal orders derived from [Formula: see text] tessellations for which the hyperbolic lattices are complete (the motivation for constructing complete hyperbolic lattices is their application to the design of hyperbolic lattice codes), and to identify the arithmetic Fuchsian group associated with a quaternion algebra and a quaternion order.
KINETIC ANALYSIS OF GAIT IN THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: BRANCO MARCO , SANTOS-ROCHA RITA , AGUIAR LILIANA , VIEIRA FILOMENA , VELOSO ANTÓNIO
Published: October 2015

Most of the anatomical changes related to the body of pregnant women occur between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The purposes of the study were to quantify the lower limb kinetics of gait and draw a comparison between women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and a nonpregnant group. Subjects and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) kinetic analysis of gait was performed in 24 pregnant and 12 nonpregnant women. Results: Between trimesters of pregnancy, a decrease in the third peak of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) in the third trimester was observed. Most of the changes found between pregnant and nonpregnant women were in the sagittal plane for hip, knee and ankle moments, which report a decrease in mechanical load of the lower limb. In frontal plane a significant decrease in ankle joint moment was found, and in the transverse plane a significant increase in hip moment was found. Joints power decreases for hip and ankle power in sagittal and frontal plane, and increases for hip power in transverse plane. The function of propulsion and mobilization appears to be related to the different changes that occur between the right leg and left. Conclusion: These results suggest that adaptations regarding muscle participation occur first (second trimester), followed by adaptations in muscle power (third trimester). Understanding the biomechanical adaptations during pregnancy may provide more information about mechanical loads, which subsequently will be helpful for prescribing exercise and rehabilitation programs, as well as for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries.
A Measurement Method for Speed Distribution of Collective Motion with Optical Flow and Its Applications to School of Fish
Authors: Terayama Kei , Hioki Hirohisa , Sakagami Masa-Aki
Published: October 2015

We propose a measurement method for the mean speed distribution of collective motions of highly dense groups with optical flow based on our previous work. This measurement is fundamental for ecological investigations and mathematical modeling of collective animal behaviors. Our method is applicable to highly dense homogeneous groups wherein individual movements are approximately uniform locally. To measure speed distributions, we partition a group into regions and estimate mean speeds in each region by extracting only flows that are relevant to collective motions and averaging them over a period of time. We apply our method to schools of sardines to measure a kind of speed distribution called rotation curve (RC). As experiments, we first performed simulations and found that our method can estimate flows and RCs accurately. We then performed experiments with videos of real fish. The RCs estimated by our method and ones by manual tracking were approximately equal. We applied our method to a longer video and confirmed that time series of RCs can be estimated automatically. In addition, we detected noticeable events by two features derived from flows. We also applied our method to a school of anchovies. The results indicate that our method is practically useful.
Cumulative Differential Gabor Features for Facial Expression Classification
Authors: Siritanawan Prarinya , Kotani Kazunori , Chen Fan
Published: October 2015

Emotions are written all over our faces. Facial expressions of emotions can be possibly read by computer vision and machine learning system. Regarding the evidence in cognitive science, the perception of facial dynamics is necessary for understanding the facial expression of human emotions. Our previous study proposed a temporal feature to model the levels of facial muscle activation. However, the quality of the feature suffers from various types of interference such as translation, scaling, noise, blurriness, and varying illumination. To cope with such problems, we derive a novel feature descriptor by expanding 2D Gabor features for a time series data. This feature is called Cumulative Differential Gabor feature (CDG). Then, we use a discriminative subspace for estimating an emotion class. As a result, our method gains the advantages of using both spatial and frequency components. The experimental results show the performance and the robustness to the underlying conditions.
Harmful algal blooms in fresh and marine water systems: The role of toxin producing phytoplankton
Authors: Thakur Nilesh Kumar , Tiwari S. K. , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we have investigated a model with three interacting species: non-toxic phytoplankton, toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton with Holling type II and III functional responses over the space and time. The role of toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) has been studied. We have presented the theoretical analysis of pattern formation in spatially distributed population with local diffusion. The paper highlights the heterogeneity of HABs over space and time. The choice of parameter values and the functional response is important to study the effect of TPP, also it would depend more on the nonlinearity of the system. With the help of numerical simulations, we have observed the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns for plankton system. This study demonstrates that TPP plays an important role in controlling the dynamics. We have observed that prey’s anti-predator efforts promote predator switching. It has been found that high predation of TPP helps for the coexistence of toxic, non-toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton population.
A new approach to bipolar soft sets and its applications
Authors: Karaaslan Faruk , Karataş Serkan
Published: October 2015

Molodtsov [Soft set theory-first results, Comput. Math. App. 37 (1999) 19–31] proposed the concept of soft set theory in 1999, which can be used as a mathematical tool for dealing with problems that contain uncertainty. Shabir and Naz [On bipolar soft sets, preprint (2013), arXiv:1303.1344v1 [math.LO]] defined notion of bipolar soft set in 2013. In this paper, we redefine concept of bipolar soft set and bipolar soft set operations as more functional than Shabir and Naz’s definition and operations. Also we study on their basic properties and we present a decision making method with application.
The Inequality We Want: How Much Is Too Much?
Authors: Krozer Alice
Published: October 2015

A key aspect defining the contemporary income distribution is the (increasing) share the top holds compared to the rest. This paper shows that income concentration increases towards the very top of the distribution, while the shares the middle- and upper–middle-income groups hold remain stable across countries and over time. Traditional indicators less sensitive to changes at the extremes of the distribution might obscure inequality's actual dimension, and thereby help perpetuate it. To avoid this, the present paper discusses a complementary indicator for the measurement of inequality: The ratio of the income share of the top 5% over that of the bottom 40%. The indicator is denominated Palma v.2, in reference to the recently suggested "Palma ratio" dividing the income share of the top 10% income earners by those at the bottom 40%.
Contemporary stress orientations in the Faroe–Shetland region
Authors: Holford Simon P. , Tassone David R. , Stoker Martyn S. , Hillis Richard R.
Published: October 2015

The Faroe–Shetland region of the NE Atlantic continental margin contains a number of complexly structured Mesozoic–Palaeogene-age rift basins, but in comparison with the contiguous British Isles and North Sea Basin, the state of crustal stress in the Faroe–Shetland region is poorly understood. The orientation of maximum horizontal compressional stress (σ
Hmax
) across most of NW Europe is roughly NW–SE, which is considered to be controlled by forces acting at the plate boundaries. We have determined 16 B–D quality σ
Hmax
orientations based on borehole breakouts interpreted in petroleum wells, and define three distinct stress provinces within the Faroe–Shetland region. Stress orientations in the NE are roughly NW–SE, consistent with the regional pattern of stresses in NW Europe and local neotectonic structural trends. However, contemporary stress orientations in the central and SW of the Faroe–Shetland region exhibit short-wavelength (distances <10–50 km) variation, with NE–SW, north–south and east–west orientations that are parallel or subparallel to underlying structural trends. This variation is interpreted in terms of stress deflections towards weak faults that downthrow the Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary successions against basement highs. These local-scale sources are superimposed on a background roughly WNW–ESE σ
Hmax
orientation that is controlled by both plate boundary forces and regional-scale sources of stresses.
On-Device Mobile Landmark Recognition Using Binarized Descriptor with Multifeature Fusion
Authors: Guan Tao , Wang Yuesong , Duan Liya , Ji Rongrong
Published: October 2015

Along with the exponential growth of high-performance mobile devices, on-device Mobile Landmark Recognition (MLR) has recently attracted increasing research attention. However, the latency and accuracy of automatic recognition remain as bottlenecks against its real-world usage. In this article, we introduce a novel framework that combines interactive image segmentation with multifeature fusion to achieve improved MLR with high accuracy. First, we propose an effective vector binarization method to reduce the memory usage of image descriptors extracted on-device, which maintains comparable recognition accuracy to the original descriptors. Second, we design a location-aware fusion algorithm that can fuse multiple visual features into a compact yet discriminative image descriptor to improve on-device efficiency. Third, a user-friendly interaction scheme is developed that enables interactive foreground/background segmentation to largely improve recognition accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for on-device MLR applications.
Buri
Authors: Zhao Jishen , Li Sheng , Chang Jichuan , Byrne John L. , Ramirez Laura L. , Lim Kevin , Xie Yuan , Faraboschi Paolo
Published: October 2015

Motivated by the challenges of scaling up memory capacity and fully exploiting the benefits of memory compression, we propose Buri, a hardware-based memory compression scheme, which simultaneously achieves cost efficiency, high performance, and ease of adoption. Buri combines (1) a self-contained, ready-to-adopt hardware compression module, which manages metadata compression and memory allocation/relocation operations; (2) a set of hardware optimization mechanisms, which reduce the area and performance overheads in accommodating the address indirection required by memory compression; and (3) lightweight BIOS/OS extensions used to handle exceptions. Our evaluation with large memory workload traces shows that Buri can increase capacity by 70%, in addition to the compression ratio already provided by database software.
Incorporating Uncertainty in Predicting the Future Response of Coral Reefs to Climate Change
Authors: Pandolfi John M.
Published: October 2015

Coral reefs are considered one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to ongoing global climate change. However, geographic and taxonomic responses to climate change are highly variable, and fundamental aspects of key research approaches remain unresolved, leaving substantial uncertainty in our ability to predict the future of coral reefs. I review the ecological and evolutionary response of coral reefs to climate change in a broad temporal context, primarily focusing on tropical reef corals. I show critical gaps in our understanding that impede accurate prediction of future responses. These gaps include the response of past reefs to global change, the interpretation of coral response to thermal stress and ocean acidification, how corals and other reef organisms might respond evolutionarily, and our approach to evaluating response to climate in the context of multiple stressors. Reducing uncertainty by filling these gaps and by incorporating variation in geographic and taxonomic response will substantially improve our ability to model coral reef futures and manage coral reefs.
Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications
Authors: Duboc Véronique , Dufourcq Pascale , Blader Patrick , Roussigné Myriam
Published: October 2015

Although the left and right hemispheres of our brains develop with a high degree of symmetry at both the anatomical and functional levels, it has become clear that subtle structural differences exist between the two sides and that each is dominant in processing specific cognitive tasks. As the result of evolutionary conservation or convergence, lateralization of the brain is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, suggesting that it provides significant fitness for animal life. This widespread feature of hemispheric specialization has allowed the emergence of model systems to study its development and, in some cases, to link anatomical asymmetries to brain function and behavior. Here, we present some of what is known about brain asymmetry in humans and model organisms as well as what is known about the impact of environmental and genetic factors on brain asymmetry development. We specifically highlight the progress made in understanding the development of epithalamic asymmetries in zebrafish and how this model provides an exciting opportunity to address brain asymmetry at different levels of complexity.
Heavy Metal Detoxification by DifferentBacillusSpecies Isolated from Solar Salterns
Authors: Syed Shameer , Chinthala Paramageetham
Published: October 2015

The biosorption mechanism is an alternative for chemical precipitation and ultrafiltration which have been employed to treat heavy metal contamination with a limited success. In the present study, three species ofBacilluswhich were isolated from solar salterns were screened for their detoxification potential of the heavy metals, lead, chromium, and copper, by biosorption. Biosorption potential of each isolate was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) as the amount of metal present in the medium after the treatment with the isolates. Bacterial isolates,Bacillus licheniformisNSPA5,Bacillus cereusNSPA8, andBacillus subtilisNSPA13, showed significant level of lead biosorption with maximum of 87–90% byBacillus cereusNSPA8. The biosorption of copper and chromium was relatively low in comparison with lead. With the obtained results, we have concluded that the bacterial isolates are potential agents to treat metal contamination in more efficient and ecofriendly manner.
Heading Disorientation after Right Posteromedial Infarction
Authors: Hashimoto Ritsuo , Komori Noriyo , Abe Masako
Published: October 2015

We report the case of heading disorientation following ischemic stroke involving the right posteromedial areas. The patient was administered a new test named the Card Placing Test during which a subject was required to recreate an array of three cards, each of which was randomly placed on eight grids around the subject, before and after the subject’s rotation. Qualitative analysis of his performance after rotation revealed that over half of the errors comprised transposition and rotational offset. His score on the Card Placing Test was compared with those of normal controls(n=11). The results showed that his score on Card Placing Test after rotation was significantly lower than those of controls, whereas there was no significant difference between the case and controls in profile of error types. We infer that the heading disorientation observed in the present case was a result of a derangement of a short-term buffer that integrated information on spatial locations of objects with changes in body directions.
Bizarre Waveforms in Strong Motion Records
Authors: Zhou Baofeng , Wang Haiyun , Xie Lili , Wang Yanru
Published: October 2015

This paper collects a rich set of strong motion records in some typical earthquakes domestic and abroad, checks its seismic events, converts the data format, corrects the zeroline and draws the waveform. Four kinds of abnormal phenomena on the acceleration waveform are revealed, such as spike, asymmetric waveform, obvious baseline drift, and strong motion records packets separation. Then reasonable processing approaches are derived from the preliminary analysis of the generation mechanism for abnormal phenomena. In addition to the effects on time history, Fourier amplitude spectrum and response spectrum are studied before and after strong motion records correction. It is shown that (1) mechanism of spikes is rather complicated; however spikes can be eliminated by “jerk” method, ratio method, and the consistency of the three-component PGA time; (2) mechanism of the asymmetric waveform is of diversity; however, to some extent, the Butterworth low-pass filtering can be applied to correct it; (3) two pieces of strong motion record packets can be connected by searching continuous and repeated data; (4) the method of cumulative adding can be used to find the clear baseline drift; (5) the abnormal waveform directly affects the characteristics of time history and frequency spectrum.
Survey of Natural Language Processing Techniques in Bioinformatics
Authors: Zeng Zhiqiang , Shi Hua , Wu Yun , Hong Zhiling
Published: October 2015

Informatics methods, such as text mining and natural language processing, are always involved in bioinformatics research. In this study, we discuss text mining and natural language processing methods in bioinformatics from two perspectives. First, we aim to search for knowledge on biology, retrieve references using text mining methods, and reconstruct databases. For example, protein-protein interactions and gene-disease relationship can be mined from PubMed. Then, we analyze the applications of text mining and natural language processing techniques in bioinformatics, including predicting protein structure and function, detecting noncoding RNA. Finally, numerous methods and applications, as well as their contributions to bioinformatics, are discussed for future use by text mining and natural language processing researchers.
Antitumor Activity of KW-2450 against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Aurora A and B Kinases
Authors: Kai Kazuharu , Kondo Kimie , Wang Xiaoping , Xie Xuemei , Pitner Mary K. , Reyes Monica E. , Torres-Adorno Angie M. , Masuda Hiroko , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Bartholomeusz Chandra , Saya Hideyuki , Tripathy Debu , Sen Subrata , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: October 2015

Currently, no targeted drug is available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer that does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or HER2. TNBC has high mitotic activity, and, because Aurora A and B mitotic kinases drive cell division and are overexpressed in tumors with a high mitotic index, we hypothesized that inhibiting Aurora A and B produces a significant antitumor effect in TNBC. We tested this hypothesis by determining the antitumor effects of KW-2450, a multikinase inhibitor of both Aurora A and B kinases. We observed significant inhibitory activities of KW-2450 on cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation in agar, and mammosphere formation in TNBC cells. The growth of TNBC xenografts was significantly inhibited with KW-2450. In cell-cycle analysis, KW-2450 induced tetraploid accumulation followed by apoptosis or surviving octaploid (8N) cells, depending on dose. These phenotypes resembled those of Aurora B knockdown and complete pharmaceutical inhibition of Aurora A. We demonstrated that 8N cells resulting from KW-2450 treatment depended on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) for their survival. When treated with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib combined with KW-2450, compared with KW-2450 alone, the 8N cell population was significantly reduced and apoptosis was increased. Indeed, this combination showed synergistic antitumor effect in SUM149 TNBC xenografts. Collectively, Aurora A and B inhibition had a significant antitumor effect against TNBC, and this antitumor effect was maximized by the combination of selumetinib with Aurora A and B inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2687–99. ©2015 AACR.
The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Youn Youngwon , Smith Heather , Morris Brian , Argoff Charles , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: October 2015

Background: High-frequency stimulation (HFS) has recently gained attention as an alternative to parameters used in traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Because HFS is paresthesia free, the gate theory of pain control as a basis of SCS has been called into question. The mechanism of action of HFS remains unclear. Objective: We compare the effects of HFS and traditional SCS on quantitative sensory testing parameters to provide insight into how HFS modulates the nervous system. Methods: Using quantitative sensory testing, we measured thermal detection and pain thresholds and mechanical detection and pressure pain thresholds, as well as vibratory detection, in 20 SCS patients off stimulation (OFF), on traditional stimulation (ON) and on HFS in a randomized order. Results: HFS significantly increased the mechanical detection threshold compared to OFF stimulation (p < 0.001) and traditional SCS (p = 0.01). Pressure pain detection and vibratory detection thresholds also significantly increased with HFS compared to ON states (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). In addition, HFS significantly decreased 10- and 40-gram pinprick detection compared to OFF states (both p = 0.01). No significant differences between OFF, ON and HFS states were seen in thermal and thermal pain detection. Conclusion: HFS is a new means of modulating chronic pain. The mechanism by which HFS works seems to differ from that of traditional SCS, offering a new platform for innovative advancements in treatment and a greater potential to treat patients by customizing waveforms.
Replicating Patient-Specific Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis With Functional 3D Modeling
Authors: Maragiannis Dimitrios , Jackson Matthew S. , Igo Stephen R. , Schutt Robert C. , Connell Patrick , Grande-Allen Jane , Barker Colin M. , Chang Su Min , Reardon Michael J. , Zoghbi William A. , Little Stephen H.
Published: October 2015

Background—

3D stereolithographic printing can be used to convert high-resolution computed tomography images into life-size physical models. We sought to apply 3D printing technologies to develop patient-specific models of the anatomic and functional characteristics of severe aortic valve stenosis.

Methods and Results—

Eight patient-specific models of severe aortic stenosis (6 tricuspid and 2 bicuspid) were created using dual-material fused 3D printing. Tissue types were identified and segmented from clinical computed tomography image data. A rigid material was used for printing calcific regions, and a rubber-like material was used for soft tissue structures of the outflow tract, aortic root, and noncalcified valve cusps. Each model was evaluated for its geometric valve orifice area, echocardiographic image quality, and aortic stenosis severity by Doppler and Gorlin methods under 7 different in vitro stroke volume conditions. Fused multimaterial 3D printed models replicated the focal calcific structures of aortic stenosis. Doppler-derived measures of peak and mean transvalvular gradient correlated well with reference standard pressure catheters across a range of flow conditions (
r
=0.988 and
r
=0.978 respectively,
P
<0.001). Aortic valve orifice area by Gorlin and Doppler methods correlated well (
r
=0.985,
P
<0.001). Calculated aortic valve area increased a small amount for both methods with increasing flow (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—

By combing the technologies of high-spatial resolution computed tomography, computer-aided design software, and fused dual-material 3D printing, we demonstrate that patient-specific models can replicate both the anatomic and functional properties of severe degenerative aortic valve stenosis.
Bursaphelenchus parantoniae n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in packaging wood from Belgium
Authors: Maria Munawar , Fang Yiwu , He Jie , Gu Jianfeng , Li Hongmei
Published: October 2015

Bursaphelenchus parantoniaen. sp. isolated in Ningbo, China, from packaging wood made ofPinussp. imported from Belgium, is described. It is characterised by a slim body (a = 32.6-51), lateral field with two lines, excretory pore locatedcaone metacorpal length posterior to median bulb, spicules stout and arcuate with triangular rostrum and flattened cucullus, and seven caudal papillae arranged as a single midventral precloacal papilla, one adcloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs. The vagina is inclined anteriorly, a vulval flap is present, the post-uterine branch extends for more than half of the vulva-anus distance, and the female tail is conical with a hyaline region and bluntly rounded terminus. Phylogenetic analyses showed thatB. parantoniaen. sp. clusters with thehylobianum-group and appears close toB. antoniae,B. chengi,B. hylobianumandB. niphades. The new species is distinguished from these species by morphology, ITS-RFLP patterns and molecular characters.
Ludwigia litoranea (Onagraceae), a new species from coastal southern Brazil
Authors: Pesamosca Silviane Cocco , BOLDRINI ILSI IOB
Published: October 2015

Ludwigia litoranea (Onagraceae) is recognized as a new species from coastal southern Brazil. The new species has close morphological affinities to L. grandiflora and L. hookeri, from which it is distinguished by the narrowly linear stipules and bracteoles with a glandular ovoid apex. Herein are provided the description and illustration together with habitat information and conservation assessment.
Warm Organized Rain Systems over the Tropical Eastern Pacific
Authors: Chen Baohua , Liu Chuntao
Published: October 2015

This study uses 16-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) radar precipitation feature (RPF) data to characterize warm rain systems in the tropics with large horizontal extensions, referred to as warm organized rain systems. The systems are selected by specifying the RPFs with minimum infrared brightness temperature warmer than 0°C and rain area greater than 500 km2. ERA-Interim atmospheric fields and SST from NOAA are analyzed to highlight the environmental characteristics of warm organized rain systems.

Warm organized systems occur over specific oceanic regions, including the eastern Pacific ITCZ, the eastern part of the SPCZ, and coastal regions. In contrast with ubiquitous warm isolated RPFs, warm organized systems have greater near-surface radar reflectivity. The rainfall amounts generated by warm organized systems are greater in winter than in summer.

Composite analyses indicate that warm organized RPFs prefer to coexist with a dry midtroposphere associated with a strong upper-level descent, an enhanced near-surface moisture convergence, and a strong low-level large-scale ascent. The shallow meridional circulation in the eastern Pacific is significantly stronger for warm organized RPFs compared to the circulation for warm isolated RPFs. Warm organized systems over the tropical eastern Pacific occur at warm SSTs with mean value of about 27°C and a strong SST meridional gradient. The warm organized RPFs in the tropical eastern Pacific are found to be at the southern edge of deep ITCZ cores. This is probably related to the meridional asymmetrical thermodynamic structure over the eastern Pacific ITCZ with a higher low-level humidity to the south. Similar favorable large-scale environments for the warm organized RPFs are also found over the SPCZ and other regions.
Relationship Between Corporate Foundation Giving and the Economic Cycle for Consumer- and Industrial-Oriented Firms
Authors: Peterson Dane K. , Su Yingcai
Published: October 2015

Panel data from 179 corporate foundations over a 9-year period were analyzed to examine how charitable giving was influenced by a recent economic slowdown. The results revealed that foundations sponsored by consumer-oriented firms reduced their support for charitable causes as economic conditions worsened. Foundations sponsored by industrial-oriented firms increased charitable contributions during the economic slowdown. The results were interpreted as being consistent with the proposed motivation for corporate giving. More specifically, it was assumed that charitable giving decisions by foundations sponsored by consumer-oriented firms are consistent with a marketing-related objective to increase sales through corporate philanthropy. Foundations sponsored by industrial-oriented firms were assumed to make charitable giving decisions more from an altruistic perspective. To achieve maximum corporate benefits from charitable donations, it was recommended that corporate foundations develop a giving program that avoids the potential negative consequences associated with reducing foundation giving when the need for charitable contribution increases.
The Rotary Club and the Promotion of the Social Responsibilities of Business in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Tadajewski Mark
Published: October 2015

The separation thesis states that business and moral decision making should and can be differentiated clearly. This study provides empirical support for the competing view that the separation thesis is impossible through a case study of the Rotary Club, which fosters an ethical orientation among its global business and professional membership. The study focuses attention on the Club in the early to middle 20th century. Based on a reading of their service doctrine, the four objects of Rotary and the Four Way Test, the author argues that the example of the Rotary Club undermines the separation thesis. The Rotary message was conceptually ambiguous: it did not clearly differentiate business roles from social activities; rather both fed into each other, with the business tools developed by members and disseminated by Rotary, utilized in nonbusiness contexts with a view to enhancing societal well-being.
Structural and Chemical Analysis of the Zirconia–Veneering Ceramic Interface
Authors: Inokoshi M. , Yoshihara K. , Nagaoka N. , Nakanishi M. , De Munck J. , Minakuchi S. , Vanmeensel K. , Zhang F. , Yoshida Y. , Vleugels J. , Naert I. , Van Meerbeek B.
Published: October 2015

The interfacial interaction of veneering ceramic with zirconia is still not fully understood. This study aimed to characterize morphologically and chemically the zirconia–veneering ceramic interface. Three zirconia-veneering conditions were investigated: 1) zirconia–veneering ceramic fired on sandblasted zirconia, 2) zirconia–veneering ceramic on as-sintered zirconia, and 3) alumina–veneering ceramic (lower coefficient of thermal expansion [CTE]) on as-sintered zirconia. Polished cross-sectioned ceramic–veneered zirconia specimens were examined using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (Feg-SEM). In addition, argon-ion thinned zirconia–veneering ceramic interface cross sections were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) at high resolution. Finally, the zirconia–veneering ceramic interface was quantitatively analyzed for tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation and residual stress using micro-Raman spectroscopy (µRaman). Feg-SEM revealed tight interfaces for all 3 veneering conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) disclosed an approximately 1.0-µm transformed zone at sandblasted zirconia, in which distinct zirconia grains were no longer observable. Straight grain boundaries and angular grain corners were detected up to the interface of zirconia– and alumina–veneering ceramic with as-sintered zirconia. EDS mapping disclosed within the zirconia–veneering ceramic a few nanometers thick calcium/aluminum-rich layer, touching the as-sintered zirconia base, with an equally thick silicon-rich/aluminum-poor layer on top. µRaman revealed t-ZrO2-to- m-ZrO2 phase transformation and residual compressive stress at the sandblasted zirconia surface. The difference in CTE between zirconia– and the alumina–veneering ceramic resulted in residual tensile stress within the zirconia immediately adjacent to its interface with the veneering ceramic. The rather minor chemical elemental shifts recorded in the veneering ceramic did not suffice to draw definitive conclusions regarding potential chemical interaction of the veneering ceramic with zirconia. Sandblasting damaged the zirconia surface and induced phase transformation that also resulted in residual compressive stress. Difference in CTE of zirconia versus that of the veneering ceramic resulted in an unfavorable residual tensile stress at the zirconia–veneering ceramic interface.
Producing and consuming China’s new urban space: State, market and society
Authors: He Shenjing , Lin George CS
Published: October 2015

The extant literature on urban China is preoccupied by concerns over the production and usage/consumption of urban space in relation to the dualistic state–market or state–society relation. This special issue presents a collection of carefully selected papers to counter-balance the skewed tendency observed in current urban China studies. We argue that the growth and spatiality of China’s new urbanism can be better understood by a critical analysis of how the state, market, and society interact in the processes of producing and consuming urban spaces in a rapidly changing global and local context. We propose that contemporary Chinese urban processes and experiences can be demonstrated holistically and realistically by placing due attention on both the production and consumption of China’s new urban spaces and the resulting contestations and contradictions. Our collective effort to examine how China’s state–market–society triad plays out in the production and consumption of urban spaces has yielded significant insights to advance ongoing enquiry in urbanising China in response to the advocacy for a decentring theorisation of the urban revolutions taking a perspective inclusive of the voices from the global south.
Obstetric perineal injury: risk factors and prevalence in a resource-constrained setting
Authors: Naidoo TD , Moodley J
Published: October 2015

The prevalence of obstetric perineal injuries and risk factors vary between affluent and resource-constrained settings. This prospective observational study reports on the factors associated with perineal lacerations in a cohort of Black African and Indian women delivering at two regional hospitals in South Africa. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations between independent variables and the dependent variable on multivariate analysis. All variables significant on bivariate analysis ( P < 0.05) were included in the multivariate model. There were 202 (16.2%) perineal tears. Variables significant with having a perineal tear on bivariate and multivariate analysis included: Black African race (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6); duration of labour ≥6.3h (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1); and epidural analgesia (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.9–4.7). Having an episiotomy was protective against perineal tears (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03–0.1). Obstetric perineal injury commonly occurs in our resourced-constrained setting and the risk factors are similar to those in well-resourced settings. Identification of those at risk may reduce obstetric perineal injury.
Ninety-six hours ordeal of priapism induced by paroxetine—A case report and literature review
Authors: Bhat Ishrat A , Shannon Kelly D , Ara Anjum , Coe Ian
Published: October 2015

Priapism is a rare but severe medical condition of sustained and painful erection of penis in the absence of any sexual stimulation, in which the penis does not return to a flaccid state. It is considered to be a medical emergency because without treatment it can lead to permanent damage and fibrosis of penis and in the long run to impotency. Albeit that there is no uniform consensus regarding the duration of sustained erection, an erection lasting more than 4 h is generally considered as an emergency which needs immediate medical attention and care. Priapism is commonly associated with iatrogenic, pharmacologic, underlying medical, or traumatic causes. In this report, we present the case of a 42-year-old African American man who developed priapism after three weeks of therapy with paroxetine which lasted for more than 96 h before coming to the attention of his health-care providers. This case is unique in that there are no reports in literature of an erection lasting for such a long duration following therapy with paroxetine. The objective of this report is to highlight the importance of recognizing the possibility of priapism with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in general and paroxetine in particular since this condition is not commonly seen in clinical practice to be associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and may go unrecognized. Also, potential biological mechanisms involved in the development of paroxetine-induced priapism are presented.
Parallel Composition and Rhetorical Effect in Luke 7 and 8
Authors: Thompson Andrew
Published: October 2015

Scholars and careful readers of Luke–Acts have long noted verbal, narrative and thematic parallels between pairs or among groups of pericopes. Dispute remains, however, over whether Luke deliberately composed passages in parallel, what bearing parallel elements have on the macrostructure of the two-volume work, and whether ancient readers could be expected to detect and appreciate them. Focusing on Lk. 7.1-17 and 8.40-56, this article will use eleven tests developed in a recent work by Douglas McComiskey to argue that Luke did indeed compose two pairs of healing/resurrection stories in parallel, and will also discuss how this device enhances the rhetorical effect of the second pair.