bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old-growth beech forests in Germany as cool islands in a warming landscape
Authors: Adhikari Yojana , Bachstein Nadine , Gohr Charlotte , Blumröder Jeanette S. , Meier Caroline , Ibisch Pierre L.
Published: December 2024

The climate crisis seriously threatens Central European forests and their ecosystem functions. There are indications that old-growth forests are relatively resilient and efficient in micro-climatic regulation during extreme climatic conditions. This study evaluates five well-protected old beech forests in Germany, part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We examined temperature dynamics and vitality in core, buffer, and border zones during hot days from 2017 to 2023, using Landsat 8 and 9 imageries to assess Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), alongside on-site Air Temperature (AT) measurements. Our findings reveal that all five forests were impacted by recent extreme heat events, with core zones remaining cooler and more vital, followed by buffer zones. Temperature-regulating patterns varied with landscape characteristics and the surrounding matrixes. We observed a site-dependent cooling effect of the forest interior that increased with higher LST. Our study highlights the value of old-growth forests and recommends increasing effective protection around mature forests, establishing corridors between isolated patches, and creating mosaics in managed landscapes that include unmanaged areas capable of developing into old-growth ecosystems.
COP5/HKR1 changes ciliary beat pattern and biases cell steering during chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Strain Alexis , Kratzberg Nathan , Vu Dan , Miller Emmaline , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Melvin Adam , Kato Naohiro
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the control of ciliary beat patterns during ammonium chemotaxis in the model ciliate microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Screening the chemotaxis response of mutant strains with ciliary defects revealed that a strain lacking CAV2, the alpha subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel, is deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. CAV2 regulates the switching of the ciliary beat pattern from the asymmetric to the symmetric waveform. Strains lacking COP5/HKR1 (chlamyopsin 5/histidine kinase rhodopsin 1) are also deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. Conversely, strains defective in phototaxis perform ammonium chemotaxis normally. Cell motility analysis revealed wild-type cells reduce the incidences of switching the ciliary beat pattern from the asymmetric to symmetric waveform when swimming up the ammonium gradient. In contrast, the COP5/HKR1 disrupted strain does not bias ciliary beat pattern switching in the gradient. This finding reveals that COP5/HKR1 plays a critical role in Chlamydomonas chemotaxis signaling transduction, similarly to animal chemotaxis. On the other hand, ciliary beat pattern switching induces randomized directional changes, analogous to run-and-tumble chemotaxis of bacteria and archaea. This study reveals that Chlamydomonas signaling transduction is similar to the eukaryotic mechanism, yet the cellular locomotion follows the bacteria and archaea mechanism.
Electrically induced insulator-to-metal transition in InP-based ion-gated transistor
Authors: Shimizu Sunao , Shioya Hiroki , Hatano Takafumi , Miwa Kazumoto , Oiwa Akira , Ono Shimpei
Published: December 2024

With the growing awareness of energy savings and consumption for a sustainable ecosystem, the concept of iontronics, that is, controlling electronic devices with ions, has become critically important. Composite devices made of ions and solid materials have been investigated for diverse applications, ranging from energy storage to power generation, memory, biomimetics, and neuromorphic devices. In these studies, three terminal transistor configurations with liquid electrolytes have often been utilized because of their simple device structures and relatively easy fabrication processes. To date, oxide semiconductors and layered materials have mainly been used as active materials. However, inorganic compound semiconductors, which have a long history of basic and applied research, hardly function as channel materials in ion-gated transistors, partly because of the Schottky barrier at the electrode interface. Herein, we show that a typical group III–V compound semiconductor, InP, is available as a high-performance channel for ion-gated transistors with an on/off current ratio of ≈ 105 and a subthreshold swing as small as 93 mV/dec at room temperature. We fabricated AuGe/Ni contact electrodes via annealing to obtain the Ohmic contacts over a wide temperature range. The electrical resistance of InP was drastically decreased by the ionic liquid gating, which led to an electrically induced insulator-to-metal transition. Bulk compound semiconductors are well characterized and have relatively high carrier mobilities; thus, devices combined with electrolytes should prompt the development of iontronics research for novel device functionalities.
Characteristics and main controlling factors for the development of shale micro pore-fracture in Tiemulike Formation, Yining Basin
Authors: Feng Yangwei , Ren Yan , Sun Wei , Jiang Ting
Published: December 2024

Research on the type, size, structure, and other characteristics of shale micro pore-fracture and their genesis is one of the core index for Shale gas study. Based on systematically collected shale samples from outcrop profiles and well cores, the experiments of thin-section observation, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, whole-rock analysis, rock–eval pyrolysis and basin simulation analysis were performed to study the micro pore-fracture characteristics and its main controlling factors for the development of shale pores in Tiemulike Formation in Yining Basin. The results show that four types of micro pore-fractures were identified: organic hydrocarbon-generating micro pores, granular dissolved micro pores, intergranular micro pores, and micro-fracture. The development of micro pores in shales is influenced by the internal material composition of the shale reservoir and external temperature conditions. The high organic carbon content with a high degree of thermal evolution led to the development of numerous micro pores, and the main micro pores were produced by shrinking the hydrocarbon generation volume due to the thermal evolution of organic matter. The development of micro-fractures was found to be favoured by the high content of brittle minerals and overpressure in the formation.
Prediction of potential occurrence of historical objects with defensive function in Slovakia using machine learning approach
Authors: Vojteková Jana , Janizadeh Saeid , Vojtek Matej , Tirpáková Anna , Ruttkay Matej , Petrovič František
Published: December 2024

In this article, we aim at the prediction of possible locations of already defunct historical objects with a defensive function (HODFs) in Slovakia, which have not been found and documented so far, using three machine learning methods. Specifically, we used the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest algorithms, which were trained based on the following five factors influencing the possible occurrence of HODFs: elevation, distance from a river, distance from a settlement, lithological rock type, and type of representative geoecosystems. Training and testing datasets were based on a database of already documented 605 HODFs, which were divided into 70% of training samples and 30% of testing samples. All of the three models reached the AUC-ROC value over 0.74 based on the testing dataset. The best performance was recorded by the random forest predictive model with the AUC-ROC value equal to 0.79. The results of the random forest model were also validated with the recently documented HODFs via the archeological research.
Structural transformation from a 3D hydrophilic pillared-layered framework to 2D hydrophobic MOF nanosheets through ligand replacement exfoliation
Authors: Chuang Po-Min , Li Pei-Rong , Wu Jing-Yun
Published: December 2024

Through ligand replacement exfoliation, a 3D highly hydrophilic pillared-layered framework has been converted to 2D less hydrophilic MOF nanosheets, which possessed high potential for electrochemical sensing.
Unveiling the molecular mechanism of Mn and Zn-catalyzed Ullmann-type C–O cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Rajalakshmi C. , Santhoshkumar Parvathi , Mathews Lydia Elizabeth , Abraham Ann Miriam , Rohit K. R. , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Thomas Vibin Ipe
Published: December 2024

DFT studies suggest a redox-neutral mechanism proceeding via σ-bond metathesis as the most plausible catalytic pathway for Zn(ii)- and Mn(ii)-catalyzed O-arylation reactions.
Power-dependent and ultrafast spectroscopic studies of Ag ion-doped colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Ghosh Soubhik , Medda Anusri , Kalauni Deepesh , Patra Amitava
Published: December 2024

Increasing the Ag dopant percentage reduces the thermalization rate and enhances charge carrier separation, improving optoelectronic device efficiency.
Chemical kinetic mechanism for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides
Authors: Burluka Alexey A. , Manning Andrew P.
Published: December 2024

A generic chemical kinetic mechanism for NO reduction by NH3 is developed exploiting similarities between different catalysts. This scheme comprises 28 reactions involving 16 species where the catalytically active site may be in 7 different states.
Terpyridine-based ruthenium complexes containing a 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one ligand with light-driven enhancement of biological activity
Authors: de Alencar Francisca Mayara Santos , Gouveia Florencio Sousa , Oliveira Geângela de Fátima Sousa de , Andrade Alexandre Lopes , Vasconcelos Mayron Alves de , Ayala Alejandro Pedro , Gondim Ana Claudia Silva , Carvalho Idalina Maria Moreira de , Moraes Carlos André Ferreira , Palmeira-Mello Marcos V. , Batista Alzir Azevedo , Lopes Luiz Gonzaga de França , Sousa Eduardo Henrique Silva
Published: December 2024

Phenyl-terpyridine-based ruthenium compounds with strong DNA damage and potent antibacterial photoactivity even with red light irradiation.
Optimization of sulforaphane bioavailability from a glucoraphanin-rich broccoli seed extract in a model of dynamic gastric digestion and absorption by Caco-2 cell monolayers
Authors: Zhu Wei , Cremonini Eleonora , Mastaloudis Angela F. , Mitchell Alyson E. , Bornhorst Gail M. , Oteiza Patricia I.
Published: December 2024

Broccoli is recognized for its health benefits, attributed to the high concentrations of glucoraphanin (GR).
A gravity-driven microfluidic metering system for automation of multiplexed bioassays
Authors: Zhang Lu , Cui Johnson Q. , Yao Shuhuai
Published: December 2024

Our gravity-driven microfluidic metering system enables automated multiplexed fluid metering, multistep fluid control, and multi-chamber signal readout.
Expression of concern: Carbon quantum dots as a dual platform for the inhibition and light-based destruction of collagen fibers: implications for the treatment of eye floaters
Authors: Barras Alexandre , Sauvage Félix , de Hoon Inès , Braeckmans Kevin , Hua Dawei , Buvat Gaëtan , Fraire Juan C. , Lethien Christophe , Sebag J. , Harrington Michael , Abderrahmani Amar , Boukherroub Rabah , De Smedt Stefaan , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Carbon quantum dots as a dual platform for the inhibition and light-based destruction of collagen fibers: implications for the treatment of eye floaters’ by Alexandre Barras et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2021, 6, 449–461, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NH00157D.
Efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation by N-phthaloyl-γ-aminobutyric acid-cobalt 1D MOF
Authors: Gumtya Milan , Mondal Ayan , Banerjee Rahul , Haldar Debasish
Published: December 2024

The 1D MOF containing N-phthaloyl-γ-aminobutyric acid and Co(ii) acts as a highly efficient heterogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation with 85% faradaic efficiency.
High strength chitosan-based nanocomposites with aligned nanosheets and crosslinked networks
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Fan Jihao , Zheng Shengquan , Ma Linlin , Liu Xiaojing , Wu Yue , Zhao Chuangqi , Jiang Lei
Published: December 2024

The prepared nanocomposite films have dense covalent crosslinked networks and highly aligned nanosheets, which endows them with high mechanical properties, which are much higher than those of all other chitosan-based composites films.
ALD and CVD deposition of pure thin gold films from a stable dimethylgold(iii) precursor
Authors: Parkhomenko Roman G. , Igumenov Igor K. , Elie Hadjadj Sebastien , Trubin Sergey V. , Knez Mato
Published: December 2024

The synthesis and thermal properties of a volatile dimethylgold(iii) complex Me2AuSSP(OiPr)2 are reported. The CVD and ALD experiments were performed and the resulting films were investigated.
Construction of benzimidazole- and indole-fused azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes bearing a cyano-containing quaternary center from vinylsulfonium salts through sequential [3 + 2]/[2 + 1] cyclization
Authors: Li Yuming , Gou Yan , Hou Shanling , Xu Yanwei , Yang Yuxing , Wan Zhihan , Fan Zhi
Published: December 2024

A sequential [3 + 2]/[2 + 1] annulation reaction involving benzimidazole- and indole-derived acrylonitriles and vinylsulfonium salts has been developed exhibiting simplicity, high efficiency, wide substrate scope and further transformations.
Electrochemical synthesis of γ-carbolinones via sulfonylation-triggered cyclization of indole-3-carboxamides
Authors: Luo Dan , Wang Qian , Liu Jiang , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin
Published: December 2024

A novel electrochemical cyclization reaction of N-acryloyl-indole-3-carboxamides has been developed, which provides a new and efficient strategy for the synthesis of γ-carbolinone derivatives.
A general strategy for enhancing the photoluminescence of TMD quantum sheets
Authors: Li Zhangqiang , Zhou Xuanping , Zhao Ce , Xiao Liuyang , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenide quantum sheets are edge-passivated via a tetrahydrofuran-assisted heating strategy, thus achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 27.7%, and it enables highly desirable white-light emission.
Construction of a cross-linked network structure for a super-stable and long-life ZnO anode
Authors: Chen Zibo , Wang Ziyuan , Li Zheng , Cheng Hao , Lu Yao , Chen Chao , Li Xingyi , Yu Hailin , Tian Zhongliang , Peng Ke
Published: December 2024

For alkaline zinc secondary batteries, the hydrogen evolution corrosion and dendrite growth on the zinc anode result in its short cycle life and low capacity.
Links Between Early Prelinguistic Communication and Later Expressive Language in Toddlers With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings
Authors: Markfeld Jennifer E. , Kiemel Zoë , Santapuram Pooja , Bordman Samantha L. , Pulliam Grace , Clark S. Madison , Hampton Lauren H. , Keçeli-Kaysili Bahar , Feldman Jacob I. , Woynaroski Tiffany G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The present study explored the extent to which early prelinguistic communication skills predict expressive language in toddlers with autistic siblings (Sibs-autism), who are known to be at high likelihood for autism and language disorder, and a comparison group of toddlers with non-autistic older siblings (Sibs-NA).

Method:

Participants were 51 toddlers (29 Sibs-autism, 22 Sibs-NA) aged 12–18 months at the first time point in the study (Time 1). Toddlers were seen again 9 months later (Time 2). Three prelinguistic communication skills (i.e., intentional communication, vocalization complexity, and responding to joint attention) were measured at Time 1 via the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample. An expressive language aggregate was calculated for each participant at Time 2. A series of correlation and multiple regression models was run to evaluate associations of interest between prelinguistic communication skills as measured at Time 1 and expressive language as measured at Time 2.

Results:

Vocalization complexity and intentional communication displayed significant zero-order correlations with expressive language across sibling groups. Vocal complexity and responding to joint attention did not have significant added value in predicting later expressive language, after covarying for intentional communication across groups. However, sibling group moderated the association between vocalization complexity and later expressive language, such that vocal complexity displayed incremental validity for predicting later expressive language, covarying for intentional communication, only within Sibs-NA.

Conclusions:

Results indicate that prelinguistic communication skills, in particular intentional communication, show promise for predicting later expressive language in siblings of autistic children. These findings provide additional empirical support for the notion that early preemptive interventions targeting prelinguistic communication skills, especially intentional communication, may have the potential to scaffold language acquisition and support more optimal language outcomes in this population at high likelihood for a future diagnosis of both autism and language disorder.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27745437
A new pathway to SO2
Authors: de Gruijter Wiebe , Tsai Shang-Min , Min Michiel , Waters Rens , Konings Thomas , Decin Leen
Published: December 2024

Context. Photochemistry is a key process that drives planetary atmospheres away from local thermodynamic equilibrium. Recent observations of the H2 dominated atmospheres of hot gas giants have detected SO2 as one of the major products of this process.

Aims. We investigated which chemical pathways lead to the formation of SO2 in an atmosphere, and we investigated which part of the flux from the host star is necessary to initiate SO2 production.

Methods. We used the publicly available S–N–C–H–O photochemical network in the VULCAN chemical kinetics code to compute the disequilibrium chemistry of an exoplanetary atmosphere.

Results. We find that there are two distinct chemical pathways that lead to the formation of SO2. The formation of SO2 at higher pressures is initiated by stellar flux >200 nm, whereas the formation of SO2 at lower pressures is initiated by stellar flux <200 nm. In deeper layers of the atmosphere, OH is provided by the hydrogen abstraction of H2O, and sulfur is provided by the photodissociation of SH and S2, which leads to a positive feedback cycle that liberates sulfur from the stable H2S molecule. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, OH is provided by the photodissociation of H2O, and sulfur can be liberated from H2S either by the photodissociation of SH and S2, or by the hydrogen abstraction of SH.

Conclusions. We conclude that the stellar flux in the 200–350 nm wavelength range as well as the ratio of near-UV to UV radiation are important parameters determining the observability of SO2. In addition, we find that there is a diversity of chemical pathways to the formation of SO2. This is crucial for the interpretation of SO2 detections and derived elemental abundance ratios, and for overall metallicities.
Evolving massive stars to core collapse with GENEC: Extension of equation of state, opacities and effective nuclear network
Authors: Griffiths Adam , Aloy Miguel-Á. , Hirschi Raphael , Reichert Moritz , Obergaulinger Martin , Whitehead Emily E. , Martinet Sebastien , Sciarini Luca , Ekström Sylvia , Meynet Georges
Published: December 2024

Context. Stars with initial mass above roughly 8 M⊙ will evolve to form a core made of iron group elements, at which point no further exothermic nuclear reactions between charged nuclei may prevent the core collapse. Electron capture, neutrino losses, and the photo-disintegration of heavy nuclei trigger the collapse of these stars. Models at the brink of core collapse are produced using stellar evolution codes, and these pre-collapse models may be used in the study of the subsequent dynamical evolution (including their explosion as supernovae and the formation of compact remnants such as neutron stars or black holes).

Aims. We upgraded the physical ingredients employed by the GENeva stellar Evolution Code, GENEC, so that it covers the regime of high-temperatures and high-densities required to produce the progenitors of core-collapse. Our ultimate goal is producing pre-supernova models with GENEC, not only right before collapse, but also during the late phases (silicon and oxygen burning).

Methods. We have improved GENEC in three directions: equation of state, the nuclear reaction network, and the radiative and conductive opacities adapted for the computation of the advanced phases of evolution. We produce a small grid of pre-supernova models of stars with zero age main sequence masses of 15 M⊙, 20 M⊙, and 25 M⊙ at solar and less than half solar metallicities. The results are compared with analogous models produced with the MESA code.

Results. The global properties of our new models, particularly of their inner cores, are comparable to models computed with MESA and pre-existing progenitors in the literature. Between codes the exact shell structure varies, and impacts explosion predictions.

Conclusions. Using GENEC with state-of-the-art physics, we have produced massive stellar progenitors prior to collapse. These progenitors are suitable for follow-up studies, including the dynamical collapse and supernova phases. Larger grids of supernova progenitors are now feasible, with the potential for further dynamical evolution.
The Sun at millimeter wavelengths
Authors: Saberi M. , Jafarzadeh S. , Wedemeyer S. , Gafeira R. , Szydlarski M. , Jess D. B. , Stangalini M.
Published: December 2024

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, playing a crucial role in transporting energy through the solar atmosphere, manifest in various chromospheric structures. Here, we investigated MHD waves in a long-lasting dark fibril using high-temporal-resolution (2 s cadence) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations in Band 6 (centered at 1.25 mm). We detected oscillations in brightness temperature, horizontal displacement, and width at multiple locations along the fibril, with median periods and standard deviations of 240 ± 114 s, 225 ± 102 s, and 272 ± 118 s, respectively. Wavelet analysis revealed a combination of standing and propagating waves, suggesting the presence of both MHD kink and sausage modes. Less dominant than standing waves, oppositely propagating waves exhibit phase speeds (median and standard deviation of distributions) of 74 ± 204 km/s, 52 ± 197 km/s, and 28 ± 254 km/s for the three observables, respectively. This work demonstrates ALMA’s capability to effectively sample dynamic fibrillar structures, despite previous doubts. This provides valuable insights into wave dynamics in the upper chromosphere.
L’institut électrotechnique de Toulouse – 1907-1968
Authors: Charru François
Published: December 2024

Portées par une société enthousiasmée par le monde nouveau que lui ouvre l’électricité — télégraphie et téléphonie, éclairage, moteurs électriques… —, les facultés des sciences des universités françaises créent au début du XXe siècle plusieurs instituts électrotechniques. Celui de Toulouse, créé en 1907 par Charles Camichel, connaît un essor exceptionnel. Un laboratoire d’hydraulique lui est adjoint en 1913, en liaison avec le développement de l’hydroélectricité pyrénéenne. Ce laboratoire est absorbé en 1930 dans un nouvel institut de mécanique des fluides créé à l’instigation du ministère de l’Air pour le développement de l’aéronautique. Les recherches scientifiques menées acquièrent une réputation internationale. L’institut électrotechnique est transformé en 1948 en École nationale supérieure d’ingénieur et de nouveaux laboratoires sont alors créés autour de l’électrotechnique et de l’électronique, puis des mathématiques appliquées et de l’informatique. Aujourd’hui, plus de la moitié du potentiel de recherche toulousain en ingénierie est issu des initiatives de Charles Camichel. Cet ouvrage retrace cette riche histoire dans toutes ses dimensions, scientifiques, techniques et sociales.
Methylenblau – altbekannt und wiederentdeckt?
Authors: Bodmann-Peschke Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Methylenblau (MB) ist in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen sowohl Pro- als auch
Antioxidans, es beeinflusst den mitochondrialen Elektronentransport und
verbessert den hämodynamischen Status. Bereits Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde
es in der Behandlung von Malaria und Psychosen eingesetzt. MB überwindet die
Blut-Hirn-Schranke und ist heute ein vielversprechender Kandidat für die
Therapie neurodegenerativer und psychischer Erkrankungen. Weitere Indikationen
für die orale oder intravenöse Verabreichung sind z. B. Methämoglobinämie,
Vasoplegisches Syndrom, Sepsis, Zyanidvergiftung und die Prävention
postoperativer Adhäsionen. In vitro zeigt MB antivirale Wirkung gegen H1N1 und
SARS-CoV-2. Bei Patienten mit G6PD-Mangel sowie bei SSRI-Einnahme ist ggf. mit
schweren Nebenwirkungen von MB zu rechnen. Reversible Neurotoxizität kann Folge
einer zu hohen Dosierung sein.
Prüfungsthema: Kinderheilkunde
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2024

Liebe Heilpraktikeranwärterinnen, liebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Kooperation, Kompetenz, Power
Authors: Piszczala Ingo
Published: December 2024

Kinder und Jugendliche sehen sich heute mit steigenden Anforderungen konfrontiert, insbesondere in den Bereichen Konfliktlösung, Kommunikation, Anpassung, Verantwortung, schulischer Druck, Selbstständigkeit und Digitalisierung. Kinder- und Schülercoaching kann bei Herausforderungen oder Problemen gezielt Hilfe leisten, unter anderem durch Gespräche und Übungen zur Stärkung von Selbstbewusstsein, Lösungskompetenz, emotionaler und sozialer Balance. In den zwei vorgestellten Fällen erreichten zwei Schüler mit jeweils erheblichen Anpassungsproblemen durch Coaching deutliche Fortschritte und konnten sich sozial besser verorten und integrieren.
Träum schön, Welt!
Authors: Vanheiden Manuela
Published: December 2024

Schlafstörungen – häufig in Zusammenhang mit familiärem Stress, Traumata oder missbräuchlicher Mediennutzung – nehmen bei Kindern zu (bis zu 40 % betroffen) und wirken sich über längere Zeiträume deutlich auf die geistige und körperliche Entwicklung aus. Man unterscheidet insbesondere zwischen Dyssomnie – Störung von Dauer, Qualität oder Zeitpunkt des Schlafens – und Parasomnie – Störungen während des Schlafes, zum Beispiel Alpträume, Nachtschreck, Bettnässen oder Schlafwandeln. Neben allgemeinen Maßnahmen im Bereich der Lebenshygiene eröffnet die Hypnosetherapie eine sanfte, ganzheitliche sowie direkt und nachhaltig wirksame Möglichkeit, mithilfe der Fantasie des Kindes zu den emotionalen und sozialen Ursachen, Vorgängen und Lösungen vorzudringen.
Genetik der oxidativen Stressbelastung der Mitochondrien
Authors: Kramer Michael , Gröber Uwe , Schütz Burkhard , Welt Thomas
Published: December 2024

Die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffmetabolite ist ein natürlicher und
unausweichlicher Prozess in den Mitochondrien. Sie ist das Ergebnis von
Elektronenleckagen im Elektronentransport der Atmungskette. Dabei werden aus der
Atmungskette „abirrende“ Elektronen auf molekularen Sauerstoff übertragen, und
es entsteht das Superoxid-Anion (O2–, syn. Hyperoxid-Anion), ein
reaktiver Sauerstoffmetabolit. Wenn die Enzyme, die Superoxid abbauen und in
harmlose Metabolite umwandeln, durch genetische Variationen der beteiligten
Enzyme nur eine verminderte Funktion haben, ist die „Superoxid-Entgiftung“
beeinträchtigt, und weitere hochreaktive Sauerstoff- und Stickstoff-Metabolite
werden vermehrt gebildet, die mit der oxidativen und nitrosativen Schädigung
mitochondrialer Strukturen und mit pathogenen Prozessen in Verbindung gebracht
werden.
Kennt doch jedes Kind, oder?
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: December 2024

In dieser DHZ-Ausgabe beschäftigt sich das Heilpflanzenporträt mit dem Gänseblümchen.
Radiation protection and personal dosimetry in a core facility for multimodal small animal imaging
Authors: Schildt Anna , Sänger Peter , Lütgens Matthias , Polei Stefan , Lappe Chris , Joksch Markus , Krause Bernd Joachim , Vollmar Brigitte , Weber Marc-André , Lindner Tobias
Published: December 2024

Clinical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) are increasingly being used in biomedical research involving small animal models. The handling of open radioactive substances (radiopharmaceuticals) necessary for PET imaging requires prior official authorization for handling, the application of radiation protection principles, and regular training. The overriding aim of radiation protection is to protect the personnel directly involved, other persons, and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

This paper aims to provide an overview of the regulatory requirements of the Radiation Protection Act (StrlSchG), the Radiation Protection Ordinance (StrlSchV), and the associated standards and guidelines. Furthermore, their implementation in practical work in small animal imaging using PET/CT is shown. We will focus on the individual steps of the imaging process, from delivery of the radiopharmaceuticals to waste disposal. This should provide interested researchers with an initial overview of the safe and successful use of the method. In addition, exposure values from the last six years in the literature were analyzed. While personal dosimetric monitoring in clinical PET/CT imaging has been extensively published, there is no published data known to us for personnel for PET/CT research with small animals. The evaluation of the personal dosimetric monitoring of our small animal imaging facility with 7 employees over 4 years revealed an increased personal and finger dose normalized to the injected activity and compared to human PET/CT imaging. Nevertheless, the annual personal dose or annual finger dose in small animal imaging (Hp(10): 1.7 mSv, Hp(0.07): 64 mSv) is lower than for personnel performing human PET/CT imaging at the local University Department of Nuclear Medicine (Hp(10): 3.8 mSv, Hp(0.07): 156 mSv) or published values, and is well below the legally permissible maximum dose of 20 or 500 mSv per year.

The increasing use of PET/CT in small animal research can be safely utilized if the radiation protection principles are implemented and continuously trained.
Vielseitige Lagerung bei Babys
Authors: Opalka Markus
Published: December 2024

Sicheres Schlafen und gesunde Entwicklung durch Positionswechsel in den Wachphasen.
Exploring the Association between Allogenic Blood Transfusion and Postoperative Infection Risk Following Intracranial Surgery: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Kadian Sakshi , Gupta Priyanka , Pathak Sharmistha , Kaushal Ashutosh , Goyal Nishant , Chakraborty Siddharth
Published: December 2024

Background Neurosurgical procedures pose a heightened risk of bleeding, often necessitating blood or blood product transfusions. However, allogenic blood transfusion has various adverse consequences, including the transmission of blood-borne infection and immune consequences. While multiple studies have indicated an increased incidence of postoperative infections among patients receiving allogenic blood transfusions, these investigations have primarily focused on non-neurosurgical populations. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to explore the relationship between blood transfusions and the occurrence of postoperative infections in patients undergoing intracranial surgery for tumors and cerebral aneurysms.

Methods All American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I to III patients who underwent intracranial surgery (tumors—supratentorial and infratentorial, aneurysm—anterior and posterior circulation) during 3 years (January 2017–December 2020) were included in the study.

Results A total of 240 patients met the inclusion criteria. Perioperative blood transfusion was observed in 103 patients (42.9%). Postoperative infections were observed in 34 patients (14.16%). It was observed that the odds of developing a postoperative infection were 3.37 (p < 0.001) times higher if the patient received a blood transfusion.

Conclusion There exists a robust correlation between perioperative blood transfusion and the subsequent postoperative infection following craniotomy.
The “Opercular” Approach to Orbital Reconstruction after Orbital Exenteration Following Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Novel Method
Authors: Swain Bharatendu , Sampreethi A. Shalini , C. Shravya
Published: December 2024

Background Rhino-orbital cutaneous mucormycosis (ROCM) leading to orbital exenteration can be debilitating functionally as well as psychosocially. Orbital reconstruction following exenteration for mucormycosis has centered on volume filling with local, regional, or free flaps. This case series is built on the original idea of a bilayered operculum at the orbital inlet.

Materials and Methods The opercular approach comprises an inner layer of hinged orbital mucosa and an outer layer of nasofacial flap in most cases, or alternatives, for lining or cover.

Results Eight cases of ROCM treated using the opercular approach are presented with satisfactory results and minimal complication. Four of the eight patients treated by this method remained free of complications after 1year.

Conclusion This technique is simple, does not require microsurgical expertise, and is less time-consuming and less expensive.
Spatiotemporal feature extraction using frequency-domain approach for flow-field data analysis
Authors: Ikami Tsubasa , Okawa Masaki , Takagi Makoto , Egami Yasuhiro , Matsuda Yu , Nagai Hiroki
Published: December 2024

Large-scale spatiotemporal data can easily be obtained from fluid-flow measurements owing to the development of measurement instruments. Data-driven analysis methods such as Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) are used to analyze large-scale data and decompose flow-field structures into spatiotemporal correlations. In addition to decomposing the data into modes, selecting and extracting dominant features automatically are necessary. This study proposes a new analysis method that simultaneously selects the dominant POD modes and their corresponding dominant frequencies by estimating the amplitude and initial phase of the POD coefficients in the frequency domain rather than directly estimating the POD coefficients. The proposed method is applied to two types of experimental flow-field data to validate the method. In the first case, the proposed method is applied for noise reduction in pressure-sensitive paint data with a low signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the proposed method can reduce noise more accurately and naturally than the other methods. In the second case, the dominant frequencies in the flow field and their spatial structures are estimated for vortex shedding at the trailing edge of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 airfoil. The data are acquired using particle image velocimetry. The results show that the proposed method can decompose flow-field data containing multiple frequency components into spatial correlations, and it can be used as a tool for feature extraction in the flow field.
Numerical simulations of the transition from laminar to turbulent regimes of planar viscous flows past airfoils
Authors: Durante D. , Pilloton C. , Colagrossi A.
Published: December 2024

The turbulent transition of the planar flow past the NACA0015 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) profile is investigated at Reynolds number 180 000. Different angles of attack α from 0° to 23° are considered. The boundary layer instabilities and vortex formation in the wake are discussed in detail. Direct numerical simulations are performed at high spatial resolutions using an in-house Lagrangian vortex particle method called diffused vortex hydrodynamics. Lift and drag force coefficients are compared against experimental data, showing a good agreement up to the stall inception where turbulent three-dimensional effects are more important. Shedding and merging of near field eddies are also discussed. Time-frequency spectral maps of wall vorticity fluctuations are investigated in order to evaluate in-depth the observed flow characteristics and the identification of different transients. Using high time-space resolutions, this analysis represents one of the first approaches in literature for describing the two-dimensional turbulence generated by the flow past a body in terms of vorticity dynamics. All the numerical simulations are carried out for a long term in order to achieve statistically consistent regimes.
Influence of the radial geometric dimensions on the propagation characteristics of detonation waves in an annular channel
Authors: Shi Haoning , Wang Ke , Xiao Qiang , Fan Wei
Published: December 2024

While a detonation wave is confined to propagate within an annular channel, the geometric dimensions have been confirmed to play an important role. Numerical study has been conducted to investigate the influence of radial geometric dimensions on the propagation characteristics of detonation waves in annular channels. The geometric dimensions, i.e., the radial height (h) and the inner radius (rin), were varied to study the characteristics of the detonation in C2H4+3O2+3N2 propagating through annular channels. It was observed that as the radial height increases or the inner radius decreases, the velocity deficit at the inner wall increases, leading to the instability in the propagation of the detonation wave. Based on the velocity deficit at the inner wall, the propagation modes were categorized into stable, weakly unstable, and highly unstable modes. For the mentioned mixture at the initial condition of 60 kPa and 300 K, when h < 0.375rin − 0.5 λa* (average cell size), the velocity deficit at the inner wall is within 20%, indicating a stable mode; when 0.375rin − 0.5 λa*< h < 0.375rin + 0.5 λa*, the velocity deficit ranges from 20% to 40%, corresponding to a weakly unstable mode; when h > 0.375rin + 0.5 λa*, the velocity deficit exceeds 40%, indicating a highly unstable mode. It is concluded that the instability for the propagation characteristics of the detonation wave in the annular channel is increased as the increase in the radial height and the decrease in the inner radius. Additionally, the self-sustaining mechanism of the detonation wave propagating in a petal mode has been further explored and revealed.
Efficiency of a predictive surrogate model for hemodynamic predictions of blood flow in an idealized carotid artery stenosis
Authors: He Gang , Zhang Li , Zhao Li-Cai
Published: December 2024

This study presents a predictive surrogate model (PSM) for predicting hemodynamic variables in idealized carotid artery stenosis. The PSM integrates long short-term memory (LSTM) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) techniques. The model's accuracy is evaluated for two different stenosis conditions in the stenosis. For the simulation of the full-order model of the carotid artery stenosis, a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) solver is employed to model the interaction between blood and the vessel wall. The Casson model is used to estimate the viscosity of the non-Newtonian blood flow. These conditions are selected to accurately capture blood hemodynamics across various stenosis conditions. The study examines pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), velocity components, and oscillatory shear index (OSI) variables. The reconstruction error for the reduced order model is calculated based on a chosen number of POD modes. It is noteworthy that the reconstruction error for OSI is significantly higher than that of other velocity components and derivatives (i.e., WSS) for both stenosis conditions. The POD and LSTM model is evaluated under different stenosis conditions, showing promising results despite the inherent complexities of physiological situations. While the model effectively predicts velocity components and WSS indices with reliable error scales, OSI exhibits slightly larger errors.
Acoustic radiation by cavitation bubbles near solid boundaries with modified wettability
Authors: Prabhakar Akurati , Ghoshal Ritwik
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of surface wettability on the acoustic emissions of cavitation bubbles generated through low-voltage discharge. The behavior of single cavitation bubbles near surfaces with varying wettability is analyzed using high-speed cameras and hydrophones. Cavitation bubble dynamics is observed near three different surfaces: a nearly hydrophilic untreated bare plate, a commercially available Glaco paint-coated plate with hydrophobic properties, and a Sharklet film-coated plate, a commercially available thin film with unique anisotropic wettability. The effects of different wettability conditions on bubble dynamics and the resulting acoustic emissions are compared comprehensively. The dimensionless stand-off distance parameter, defined as the ratio of the stand-off distance from the point of nucleation to the maximum bubble radius in a free field, is found to be crucial in determining the interaction between cavitation bubbles and nearby surfaces, thereby influencing the acoustic signature. Key observations revealed that when the nucleation point is close to the wall, a wall vortex with a unique kink formed due to the hydrophobic coating, while at greater distances, a free vortex is weakened by the hydrophobic nature of the surface. Hydrophobic surfaces, particularly those coated with Sharklet films, amplified sound pressure levels when the nucleation point is close and reduced emissions when farther away. The findings suggest that wettability-modified hydrophobic plates, particularly those with Sharklet film-coatings, may have the potential to manage acoustic emissions from cavitation bubbles effectively.
Optimization control of the D-shaped cylinder flow with genetic algorithm and Coanda pulsation jets
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , Bai Honglei , Zhang Weiguo
Published: December 2024

Flow around the D-shaped cylinder is one of the basic models in aerospace, civil, and marine engineering applications. This paper reports an experimental work on the optimization control of the D-shaped cylinder flow using genetic algorithm (GA) and Coanda pulsation jets. Experiments are conducted in a wind tunnel at a Reynolds number Re = 2.0 × 104, based on free stream velocity U∞ and the cylinder height H. The Coanda pulsation jets are realized by issuing pulsation jets over the surface of a one-quarter cylinder (radius r = 0.2H), which is attached on the base and near the trailing edge of the D-shaped cylinder. Control parameters of the Coanda pulsation jets include momentum coefficient (Cμ), nondimensional pulsation frequency (fj*), duty cycle (DC), and phase shift (Δϕ) between the lower and upper jets. GA is adopted to seek optimal working parameters of the Coanda pulsation jets for the maximum recovery of base pressure (indicating drag reduction). The near wake flow of the D-shaped cylinder under optimal control is measured using particle image velocimetry, and then, thoroughly examined using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), to investigate underlying mechanisms of drag reduction. Two sets of optimal control parameters differing in fj* and Δϕ are identified by the GA-based optimization control, corresponding to the maximum base pressure recovery of 40.7%–43.3%. Significant modifications in the near wake flows are observed in the presence of the optimal control, based on instantaneous, time-mean and phase-averaged flow structures, Reynolds stresses, as well as the POD analyses. It is found that the Coanda pulsation jets working at the different sets of optimal parameters render distinct perturbations to the near wake flows, weakening the large-scale Karman vortices while energizing the small-scale structures.
Rheology and magnetorheology of ferrofluid emulsions: Insights into formulation and stability
Authors: Gómez-Sanabria Valentina , Contreras-Mateus M. Daniela , Chaves-Guerrero Arlex , Mercado Ronald , Nassar Nashaat N.
Published: December 2024

The integration of surfactants and nanoparticles in emulsion formulations has attracted significant attention due to their potential synergistic effects, improving stability and enabling the development of stimuli-responsive materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability, bulk rheological, and magnetorheological properties of oil in water (o/w) emulsions, composed of Fe3O4 kerosene-based ferrofluids dispersed in surfactant solutions (hexadecylpyridinium chloride, and nonylphenol polyethoxylate—ethylene oxide = 40, known as Tergitol NP-40), as a function of concentration and nature of the emulsifying agents. The results demonstrated the formation of stable systems (>2 months), featuring an average droplet size below 4 μm, with the primary stabilization mechanism attributed to the reduction of interfacial tension by surfactant activity. The emulsions exhibited shear thinning and viscoelastic solid-like behavior, which were enhanced by increasing the concentrations of both emulsifiers. Emulsions stabilized with hexadecylpyridinium exhibited a higher structural rigidity, with dynamic moduli an order of magnitude higher than Tergitol formulations. In the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field, it was demonstrated that incorporating ferrofluid as a dispersed phase in an o/w emulsion potentiates the magnetoviscous effect, compared to that observed with neat ferrofluid at the same concentration. A maximum relative increase in viscosity of up to 17-fold was observed in emulsions stabilized with 2.5 w/v% of hexadecylpyridinium and 10 000 ppm of nanoparticles when exposed to a linearly increasing magnetic field up to 796.73 mT at 1 s−1. The observed magnetoviscous effect remained reproducible for up to one year after formulation, highlighting the potential of these systems for multiple applications.
Influence of pumping saline groundwater on land-sourced solute transport in coastal aquifers
Authors: Gao Shaobo , Zheng Tianyuan , Zheng Xilai , Luo Jian
Published: December 2024

Coastal aquifers serve as key conduits for land-sourced solutes released into the ocean, impacting coastal water quality and ecology. Saline groundwater (SGW) pumping, or negative hydraulic barriers, is widely used to mitigate seawater intrusion (SWI) and alter groundwater behavior, but its effect on land-sourced solute fate is unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of SGW pumping on land-sourced solute migration, using a variable-density, multi-species transport model to optimize SGW pumping design for SWI control and pollutant reduction. Findings indicate that SGW pumping, while effective in controlling SWI, increased the depth and area of land-sourced solute plumes by redirecting their migration downward to the well. This resulted in a broader dispersion zone near the well and a 13% increase in solute residence time compared to non-pumping conditions. Lower pumping rates and reduced distances between the well and sea boundary further intensified solute accumulation in coastal areas. Sensitivity analysis revealed that dispersivity primarily affected solute enrichment, while hydraulic conductivity had a greater influence on residence time. These findings provide valuable insights for SGW pumping design aimed at balancing SWI mitigation and reducing land-sourced pollutant buildup in coastal aquifers.