bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES RESIDUES ACCUMULATION IN MELLIFEROUS PLANTS, BEE POLLEN AND HONEY
Authors: Kasianchuk N. , Berhilevych O. , Negay I. , Dimitrijevich L. , Marenkova T.
Published: March 2020

Honey is natural product, which is produced by honeybees and due to contain of minerals, vitamins, simple sugars, organic acids, antioxidants and enzymes, it is considered as product with good nutritional and therapeutic properties. All beneficial characteristics of honey are reduced if it is contaminated with extraneous chemicals include pesticides. The purpose of this research was to study pesticides residues accumulation in the flowers of different types of melliferous plants, bee pollen and honey obtained from Odessa Region during 2015–2017 years. A total of 121 samples of flowers of melliferous plants and trees, 78 samples of bee pollen and 104 samples of honey were investigated with gas-liquid chromatography method. We found that all investigated samples were positive to such organochlorine pesticides as α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane and its derivatives in different concentration. Our studies determined that high level of organochlorine pesticides was in samples of sunflower flowers whith average concentrations of α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane 7.51±0.04 μg/kg, and DDT 6.98±0.02 μg/kg. Flowers of buckwheat and others field herbs (including as wild herbs as fodder crops) had even less concentration of these pesticides. Besides, the obtained results show that in the flowers of fruit trees (cherry, apple, pear, cherry, peach, cherry plum) had less concentration of studied pesticides in compere to forest trees (white acacia, linden). The results of bee pollen and honey samples examination have shown the same situation. The highest concentration of α, β, γ–isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane was in sample from sunflower origine with average consentration 3.52±0.05 and 3.77±0.03 μg/kg in bee pollen, 2.74±0.01 and 2.53±0.03μg/kg in honey respectively. However, the detected concentrations of pesticide residues in all samples were lower than the maxim admissibile limits, according to national and EU standards. Despite this, we suggest that regularly monitoring of pesticide residues in melliferous plants and apiculture products at national level need to grantee of quality and safety of honey and protection of consumers` health.
AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF WAFFLES WITH FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Iorgacheva Е. , Korkach G. , Lebedenko T. , Kotuzaki O.
Published: March 2020

The high-priority tasks of today’s confectionery industry include the development and introduction of functional-purpose confections. These products are supposed to be of high technological qualities, be effective in production to the extent possible, and have physiological functional properties due to the physiologically valuable ingredients in their composition. These ingredients include the synbiotic complex composed of probiotics (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli) and prebiotics (inulin and lactulose). This complex has been studied in this research. The paper gives reasons why waffles with fatty fillings are the ones to which the synbiotic complex should be added. It has been established what mass fraction of the ingredients at what stage of fatty filling production should be added. It has been studied how the synbiotic complex affects the structural and mechanical properties of the fatty filling: its effective viscosity, adhesive strength, and critical shear stress. It has been found that the maximum shear rate that still allows obtaining a high-quality filling is 5.4 s-1. The specific pull-off force of the fatty filling with the synbiotic added becomes lower compared to that of the control sample. This helps reduce the energy consumed in the course of moulding waffles. An innovative manufacturing technology for waffles with synbiotic supplements has been developed and proved practical. It includes the stages of preparing microencapsulated microorganisms and adding prebiotics, and provides the technological parameters of fatty filling preparation. It has been established that the synbiotic included into the composition of the new fatty filling decreases the maturation of waffle blocks by 40–45%, and allows reducing the layer of filling to 1–1.5 mm. It has been proven that the synbiotic complex as an ingredient in the fatty filling of waffles will allow developing and manufacturing confections that improve human microflora. These new specialised products will be socially significant, as they will help solve a topical and important task of the confectionery industry: prevent gastrointestinal diseases.
WHEAT-SPELT FLOUR OF TYPE 600 WITH IMPROVING BAKERY PROPERTIES
Authors: Zhygunov D. , Barkovska Y. , Yehorshyn Y. , Zhyhunova H. , Barikian K.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of comparative studies of quality indicators of wheat patent commercial flour, spelta flour and 9 mixtures of them, obtained by mixing in a different ratio (from 10 to 90%). It has been established that wheat flour have a lower protein content (11.5%) and lower gluten content (26.0%) against (14.2%) and (36.5%), respectively, in spelt flour. Rheological analysis of wheat dough showed high strength W=280×10-4J, high value of P = 109mm, but as a result of insufficient extensibility L=66mm a suboptimal curve configuration P/L=1.65 for baking purpose (P/L=0.8–1.2) is obtained. Conversely, spelt flour has strength W=110×10-4J, low resistance to extension (50mm), high extansability (95mm), low ratio P/L=0.56, dough from spelt flour is highly fluid and sticky. Therefore, to provide wheat dough specific technological properties proposed mixing wheat flour and spelt flour. It has been established that the addition of spelt flour in an amount up to 30–40% increases the volume of bread in 1.13–1.16 times from 440 cm3 to 480–490 cm3 and its porosity from 78% for wheat flour to 81% for wheat-spelt mixture. The best combination of sensory characteristics (shape, condition and color of the surface, the elasticity and color of the crumb, the nature of the porosity, taste and aroma of the bread) was obtained by adding spelt flour in an amount of 20–30%: this is the ratio recommended in the production of wheat-spelt flour. That will increase the cost of end–use flour in 1.15–1.25 times, but taking into account the need to adjust commercial wheat flour with enzyme preparations, the cost increase will be less. Such flour will have not only good bread-making properties thanks to the addition of spelt flour but also high content of various vitamins and trace elements, will have a pleasant yellowish color of crust. Since its ash content will be less 0.60%, such this flour can be named "wheat-spelt flour of Type 600".
CHOKEBERRY POWDER AS AN IMPROVER FOR PASTA
Authors: Koshak Z. , Pokrashinskaya A.
Published: March 2020

In the course of the study, the effect of dosages of black chokeberry powder on the quality of pasta made from flour with different gluten content was studied. The studies used normal-quality flour and low-gluten flour. To reduce the gluten content in wheat flour, it was mixed with potato starch. As a result of “dilution” of gluten with starch, its content decreased from 25 to 2.5 %. The resulting mixture was used to obtain pasta with the introduction of different amounts of black chokeberry powder. The effect of different doses of chokeberry powder on the gluten content of the obtained mixtures was determined by planning experiment 22 “with a star” in the StatGraphicsPlus package. It has been established that with increasing dosages of chokeberry powder, there is a decrease in gluten content and an increase in the content of pectin substances. In the finished pasta, the mechanical strength and the amount of dry matter transferred to the cooking water were determined. According to the data obtained, a chart has been developed to determine the dosage of chokeberry powder and the amount of starch introduced, at which the quality of pasta that meets the requirements of the standard is achieved. Thus, the introduction of 5.0 % aronia chokeberry powder with a gluten content in flour of about 18 % will make it possible to obtain products with a strength of 0.66 N and the amount of solids transferred to cooking water of less than 7.9 %. When using flour of normal quality, the addition of chokeberry powder in an amount of 5 % has a positive effect on the mechanical strength of pasta, increasing it by 20 % compared to the control sample. Other quality indicators, including cooking properties, are within the permissible norm. Production tests were conducted at Lidahleboproduct OJSC. Black chokeberry powder was added in an amount of 5%, pasta was made on Buhler production line with a capacity of up to 2000 kg per shift. According to the results of the tests, TU BY 500134647.012-2018 "Aronia" pasta and TI BY 500134647.001-2019 "Technological instruction for the production of pasta with Aronia" food additive were developed.
PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS BY CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: Gafurov K. , Muhammadiev B. , Mirzaeva Sh. , Kuldosheva F.
Published: March 2020

The unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent are widely used for extraction. In supercritical media, the dissolution of molecules of various chemical nature is possible. The purpose of this investigation was to study the extraction process and obtain extracts from valuable regional plant materials by applying CO2 extraction under pre- and supercritical conditions. The objects of research were: ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberry and jida flowers. For extraction, a laboratory setup was used that allows extraction when the CO2 is supplied by a high-pressure plunger pump in the sub- and supercritical state using a heat pump. The pressure range is 3-15 MPa, temperatures 295–330 K, and the volumetric flow rate above the critical CO2 is 800–900 g. Experiments with ground seeds of melon and pumpkin showed that as a result of 4 sequentially performed extraction cycles on a single load with supercritical CO2 parameters ( 315–330 K; 3–7.5 MPa) the decrease in the mass of melon seeds was 90 g (pumpkins 80 g). During the total extraction time (2.5 hours), 20 kg of CO2 were pumped through the reactor (25 l at 290 K and 6.8 MPa), while the average oil content in the extract was 4 g per 1 kg of CO2 (3.0 g per 1 l of SС-CO2) In experiments with jida flowers, the maximum amount of solid extractable substance (2% by weight of the raw material) was obtained at a temperature in the extractor of 308 K and a pressure of 7.5 MPa. Upon extraction under critical conditions in collection 2, the liquid phase was absent; only a yellow-green paste was released in it. According to the results of experiments with mint leaves, the maximum yield of a greenish liquid was observed at T = 315 K and P = 4 MPa., Mulberry - at T = 306 K and P = 6.0 MPa. The results of the extraction of oils and extracts from ground seeds of melon, pumpkin and licorice roots, as well as mint leaves, mulberries and jida flowers confirm that the maximum yield of the extracted substance is achieved with supercritical CO2 parameters in the extractor (310 K, 7.5 MPa). When liquid CO2 is extracted (300 K and 6-8 MPa), up to 2% of a yellow substance is extracted, which does not differ in appearance from a supercritical extract.
Using Task Descriptions in Lifelong Machine Learning for Improved Performance and Zero-Shot Transfer
Authors: Rostami Mohammad , Isele David , Eaton Eric
Published: March 2020

Knowledge transfer between tasks can improve the performance of learned models, but requires an accurate estimate of inter-task relationships to identify the relevant knowledge to transfer. These inter-task relationships are typically estimated based on training data for each task, which is inefficient in lifelong learning settings where the goal is to learn each consecutive task rapidly from as little data as possible. To reduce this burden, we develop a lifelong learning method based on coupled dictionary learning that utilizes high-level task descriptions to model inter-task relationships. We show that using task descriptors improves the performance of the learned task policies, providing both theoretical justification for the benefit and empirical demonstration of the improvement across a variety of learning problems. Given only the descriptor for a new task, the lifelong learner is also able to accurately predict a model for the new task through zero-shot learning using the coupled dictionary, eliminating the need to gather training data before addressing the task.
Mineralogy and microstructure effects on the stiffness of activated slag treated alluvium
Authors: Sargent P. , Jaber N. H. , Rouainia M.
Published: March 2020

Alkali-activated alumino-silicate-based industrial waste products have recently proven to be beneficial as low-carbon alternatives to ordinary Portland cement binders for strengthening soft soils. This paper examines the small-strain stiffness behaviour of a UK silty alluvial soil in its natural state and artificially cemented using sodium hydroxide-activated ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Undrained triaxial testing with bender element measurements revealed that the initial small strain shear stiffness (Gmax), shear strength and hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium were all significantly enhanced after 28 d curing. Microstructural and mineralogical analyses were carried out on stabilised soil to understand the mechanisms better through which the enhanced engineering performances were achieved. Through hydration and pozzolanic reactions, a significant proportion of the clay minerals within the original soil had been converted into new cementitious hydrates. These were observed to infill pore spaces, coating soil and GGBS particle surfaces and increased interparticle bonding throughout the matrix of the material. The outcomes from this study have the potential to contribute towards improving current practices for modelling cemented soils and ultimately making geotechnical designs involving deep soil mixing less conservative.
Colorimetría de cuerpos de prueba y restauraciones en resina compuesta sometidos a altas temperaturas con fines forenses: estandarización de un método in vitro
Authors: Moreno Freddy
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento colorimétrico de cuerpos de prueba y restauraciones en resina compuesta sometidos a altas temperaturas con fines forenses. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo pseudoexperimental in vitro que analizó los cambios colorimétricos (CIE-1976 L*a*b*) de 75 cuerpos de prueba y de 75 restauraciones oclusales clase I confeccionados en resina compuesta (Z100 3M-ESPE®), en cinco colores y sometidos a altas temperaturas. Resultados: a 200ºC la luminosidad disminuyó con tendencia al verde y una elevada tendencia al amarillo. A 400ºC la luminosidad disminuyó con tendencia al rojo y al azul. A 600ºC la luminosidad se mantuvo en valores intermedios con tendencia al verde y elevada tendencia al amarillo. A 800ºC y 1000ºC la luminosidad aumentó con tendencia absoluta al blanco. No hubo diferencias significativas al comparar las coordenadas de color entre cuerpos de prueba y restauraciones. Conclusiones: los cuerpos de prueba y restauraciones sometidos a altas temperaturas presentaron cambios de color explicados a través de las propiedades brillo, matiz y saturación. Los experimentos en cuerpos de prueba fueron validados para la resina compuesta Z100 3M-ESPE® al no existir diferencias entre cuerpos de prueba y restauraciones. El análisis colorimétrico es un método comparativo de aplicación forense práctico y de bajo costo que puede ser empleado para identificar el color y el tipo de una restauración en resina compuesta en caso de restos humanos quemados, carbonizados o calcinados.
Costly Commuting and the Job Ladder
Authors: Flemming Jean
Published: March 2020

Even though workers in the UK spent just 1,000 pounds on commuting in 2017, the economic loss may be far higher because of the congestion externality arising from the way in which one worker's commute affects the commuting time of others. I provide empirical evidence that commuting time affects job acceptance, pointing to large indirect costs of congestion. To interpret the empirical facts and quantify the costs of congestion, I build a model featuring a frictional labor market within a metropolitan area. By endogenizing commuting congestion in a labor search model, the model connects labor market responses to urban policies. Workers evaluate job offers based on their productivity and commuting costs, taking congestion as given, but by accepting and commuting to distant jobs, affect other workers' labor market outcomes. Through this mechanism, equilibrium moving decisions, housing rent, and wages are tightly linked to congestion. Calibrating the model to the local labor market around London, I show that the effect of the congestion externality is to significantly decrease welfare and increase wage inequality. I quantify the effects of a congestion tax on labor market outcomes, and show that the welfare-maximizing tax has substantial negative effects on inequality, but comes at a cost of higher unemployment.
GİRİŞİMCİLİK EKOSİSTEMLERİNİ MEYDANA GETİREN FAKTÖRLERE AİT KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVENİN BİBLİYOMETRiK ANALİZ İLE TESPİTİ
Authors: DUMAN Hakan , KÜNÜ Serkan
Published: March 2020

İstihdamdaki artışlar, başta politika yapıcılar olmak üzere, toplumun her kesimi tarafından memnuniyetle karşılanmakta ve işsizliğe bir çare olarak girişimciliğin desteklenmesi amacıyla çeşitli çabalar içerisine girilmektedirler. Bir bölgede girişimciliğin desteklenmesi ile ilgili yeni yaklaşımlardan bir tanesi de “girişimcilik ekosistemi” yaklaşımıdır. Bu çalışmada Web of Science temel koleksiyonunda bulunan, İngilizce yayınlanmış 154 dergi makalesi, bibliyometrik yöntemle incelenmiş ve en etkili bulunan makaleler üzerinden girişimcilik ekosistemi ve bileşenleri üzerinde sentez bir kavramsal çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada incelenen literatür kaynakları, bir girişimcilik ekosistemi yaratmak ve geliştirmek için öncelikle KOBI ve serbest meslek sahipleri ile inovatif ve hırslı girişimcilerin birbirlerinden ayrılması gerektiğine, politikalarda elitist bir ayrımcılık uygulanarak hırslı ve yenilikçi girişimcilere ağırlık verilmesine işaret etmektedir.
Crecimiento económico en una región emprendedora en el Ecuador
Authors: Córdova-Pacheco Ana , Moina-Sánchez Paúl , Morales-Carrasco Lilián
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza los niveles de emprendimiento temprano de las industrias estratégicas del principal puerto del Ecuador, en la provincia de Guayas en el período 2012–2016. Se utilizaron fuentes secundarias en lo que respecta a la actividad empresarial correspondientes a las sociedades en  la Superintendencia  de Compañías del Ecuador y del Servicio de Rentas Internas del Ecuador para las empresas unipersonales, por otro lado del Banco Central del Ecuador se obtuvo datos del Valor Agregado Bruto y  la población económicamente activa, la  tasa  de desempleo  del Instituto de Estadísticas y Censos del Ecuador; con esta información se  obtiene la TEA  ( Tasa de la actividad emprendedora temprana)  y el % de las empresas establecidas en  la provincia del Guayas, para luego diseñar dos modelos econométricos  mediante mínimos cuadrados ordinarios , en los cuales se comprobó la incidencia de la TEA y las empresas establecidas en el crecimiento económico y la incidencia del desempleo y las empresas establecidas en la TEA. Los resultados evidenciaron que la TEA y la tasa de empresas establecidas explican en un 97,07% el crecimiento económico de la provincia especialmente en los sectores textiles, confecciones, alimentos y bebidas procesadas donde se evidencia altas tasas de entrada nacientes y nuevas,  además se constató que existe una relación inversa entre el desempleo y el emprendimiento.
Investigação das alterações emocionais e comportamentais de universitários iniciantes em Medicina e Enfermagem
Authors: Tsuda Miriane , Hauy Fabiane Nomada , Zotesso Marina Cristina
Published: March 2020

A saúde mental pode ser definida como estado de bem-estar geral, no qual o indivíduo consegue realizar suas habilidades, enfrentar o estresse diário, ser produtivo e contribuir socialmente, o rompimento desses fatores pode ocasionar no adoecimento psicológico e psiquiátrico. Nesse sentido, ressaltam-se as variáveis ambientais e comportamentais responsáveis pela saúde dos acadêmicos da área da saúde. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a saúde mental de universitários iniciantes dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem de uma universidade particular, a partir de aspectos emocionais e comportamentais. Aplicou-se um questionário, elaborado pelas autoras, em 136 estudantes do primeiro ano, sendo 89 de medicina e 47 de enfermagem. A partir dos resultados, foi possível identificar a predominância do sexo feminino na amostra e entre a faixa etária de 17 a 22 anos, também se verificou que 28 estudantes do total receberam algum diagnóstico psicológico ou psiquiátrico ao longo do primeiro ano. Com relação ao estresse percebido, os estudantes apresentaram índices considerados como estresse médio em tal percepção, o que do ponto de vista da saúde é preocupante, visto que os mesmos tem uma trajetória academia extensa até a conclusão do curso, podendo aumentar tais níveis.  Mediante o exposto, concluiu-se que o adoecimento entre universitários é uma realidade atual e traz consigo consequências que podem ser estendidas, para tal, é notória a importância de maiores pesquisas em tal temática, bem como de ações por parte das instituições de ensino, visando suporte, em especial  do ponto de vista psicológico a fim de promover um ambiente reforçador para o estudo e preparação para o mercado de trabalho.
Governamentalidade neoliberal, estratégias e seus efeitos: problematizações em torno dos biobancos de células-tronco
Authors: Galindo Dolores Cristina Gomes , Silveira Lemos Flávia Cristina , Lee Henrique de Oliveira , Rodrigues Renata Vilela , Sousa Karla Dalmaso
Published: March 2020

O artigo visa abordar uma análise, em formato de ensaio analítico a respeito das práticas de guarda de células-tronco. A chamada medicina personalizada e regenerativa emerge ligada ao capitalismo neoliberal e a uma modalidade de governo das condutas baseada na biomedicina e em uma política de gestão da vida focada no mercado neoliberal securitário. A saúde foi transformada em um comércio de células e sustentada nas táticas da bioeconomia, do biovalor e das biotecnologias, articuladas em um dispositivo de governamentalidade reguladora do ser saudável, a partir da compra e venda de materiais biomoleculares e genéticos. Concluindo, busca-se interrogar o modo de organizar e funcionar dos biobancos públicos e privados de células-tronco do cordão umbilical e os efeitos destes mecanismos biopolíticos.
Could Public Procurement Become an Incentive for Developing the Non-profit Sector in Russia?
Authors: Сироткина Надежда Геннадьевна , Зуева Елена Евгеньевна , Павловская Светлана Владимировна
Published: March 2020

Non-profit organizations deliver a wide range of meaningful resources to communities in such diverse areas as education, arts, social services, etc. However, compared to the private sector, their funding potential is much more limited. The increasing social and economic impact of the non-profit sector is a reason why there is a need to persistently enhance these opportunities. State contracts have the potential to be regarded as one of the most essential sources of funding for non-profit organizations in the social sphere. In Russia, recently passed laws ensure substantial benefits for 'socially oriented' non-profit organizations that participate in public procurement. Nevertheless, despite the existence of norms allowing socially oriented NPOs to be granted preference in tenders, the presence of the non-profit sector in the Russian public procurement market is still insignificant. This study seeks to analyze the peculiarities of Russian public procurement legislation. The main question of the study is why state procurement failed to become a driver for the development of the non-profit sector in Russia? To answer this question, firstly we consider the functioning mechanisms of socially oriented NPOs in the public procurement market. Then, we analyse the results of expert interviews, which let us identify the following barriers limiting the participation of NPOs in public procurement: economic, financial, social, and organizational. Finally, we draw the conclusion that, for the majority of non-profit organizations, state procurements are an optional source of funding in view of the barriers identified above. This study is relevant for government and public authorities as it can serve as a starting point for improving the mechanisms of attracting the non-profit sector to the sphere of public procurement.
Эмоции и социальные протесты: значение изучения эмоций для понимания коллективного поведения в современном обществе
Authors: Каляева Екатерина Николаевна
Published: March 2020

***
Dissolved Fe(II/III) colorimetric assay using a plate reader (96-well plate) v1
Authors: Gong Jian
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the adaption of an Iron assay originally described in Viollier 1999 and Stookey 1970, modified for use on a multi-mode plate reader spectrophotometer (BioTek, Synergy 2, Winooski, VT, USA), using standard 96-well plates for rapid measurements of 1 mL water samples. This assay measures the concentration of both Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in solution. Samples for this assay should be filtered (0.2 µm syringe filter), measured or diluted to 1.20 mL volume and placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. Care should be taken to avoid oxidation of Fe(II) ions by oxygen in the atmosphere, either by performing the steps quickly under a stream of N2 gas right after sampling or by performing the first step of this assay inside an anaerobic chamber.
Dissolved silica colorimetric assay using a plate reader (96-well plate) v1
Authors: Gong Jian
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the adaption of a silica colorimetric assay originally described in Strickland and Parsons, 1972 (p65-70), modified for use on a multi-mode plate reader spectrophotometer (BioTek, Synergy 2, Winooski, VT, USA), using standard 96-well plates for rapid measurements of 1 mL, diluted water samples. This assay measures the concentration of molybdate-reactive silica (monomeric and short polymers of silicic acid) in solution. Samples for this assay should be filtered (0.2 µm syringe filter) and placed in 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes. Avoid sample freezing. Store samples in the dark whenever possible.
DAB Staining of FFPE Slides v1
Authors: Nick Jerelyn , Farris Franchesca , Jorgensen Marda
Published: March 2020

Standard IHC staining, such as this DAB protocol, is included in the validation of new antibodies at the University of Florida Tissue Mapping Center, TMC-Florida/Zurich. This procedure includes all of the reagents necessary to perform a DAB based immunohistochemistry reaction. DAB Substrate (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) produces a brown reaction product in the presence of peroxidase (HRP) enzyme.
Optimization of IP-TDMS for Soluble Proteins - Direct Method v2
Authors: Drown Bryon , Des Soye Benjamin , Blagojevic Voislav , Camarillo Jeannie , Kelleher Neil
Published: March 2020

Targeted top-down mass spectrometry of low-adundance proteins can greatly benefit from enriching the protein of interest by immunoprecipitation. Immunoprecipitation can be performed using the direct method (preincubation of beads with antibody) or indirect method (incubation of antibody with cell lysate prior to addition of beads). While several preanalytical variables can affect the success of an IP-TDMS experiment (lysis/binding buffer composition, wash buffer, elution buffer, cleanup method), here we present an initial optimization strategy for identifying IP conditions for TDMS. This protocol employs the direct method for immunoprecipitation.
Adult zebrafish ECG recording using the iWorx ECG system v1
Authors: Yan Jianhua , Li Hongsong , Bu Haisong , Jiao Kunli , X. Zhang Alex , Le Tai , Cao Hong , Li Yigang , Ding Yonghe , Xu Xiaolei
Published: March 2020

This protocol was optimized to record ECG using iWorx ECG recording system (ZS-200, iWorx Systems, Inc) in adult zebrafish. It consists of two parts, one is to do microsurgery to open the pericardium sac and remove the silvery epithelial layer of the hypodermis; the other is to record ECG signaling one week after the microsurgery.
SOLUTION OF HIGH VELOCITY ANOMALIES IMPERCEPTIBLE TO SEISMIC RESOLUTION, BY MEANS OF SYNTHETIC MODELS, PENOBSCOT FIELD, CANADA
Authors: García Moreno Wilmer Emilio , Omaña Galeano Iván Daniel
Published: March 2020

Penobscot Field is located in the Sable Sub-basin in Nova Scotia, Canada, where a 3D seismic acquisition campaign was carried out in 1991 and also two oil wells were previously drilled (L-30 and B-41). In the interpreted seismic data, a discrepancy was found in the travel times of the seismic waves near well B-41, causing a false structural height in the Naskapi Member, Mississauga Formation (Early Cretaceous or Lower Cretaceous) and deeper formations (10 to 15 ms, i.e. approximately 25 m). It was decided to find a solution of this problem using synthetic models. First, making a delimitation of the study area by means of a seismic subcube, which were later interpreted surfaces of interest, through the well data. The average velocity and density properties were found for each interpreted strata. Subsequently, a 2D seismic acquisition was simulated, choosing a line that crossed both wells and through the use of ray traces, synthetic shot gathers were obtained and processed through the use of different seismic migration tests, and the final solution was found to be Kirchhoff pre-stacking migration in depth.
Moral Foundations of Cesare Beccaria’s Doctrine on Crimes and Punishments
Authors: Egorov A. A.
Published: March 2020

The paper is devoted to the moral aspect of the criminal law doctrine created by the outstanding Italian thinker, publicist, jurist and public figure Cesare Beccaria. Investigating the background of the origin of the moral foundations of law, the author turns to the very origins, the so-called mononorms, which had a syncretic character and combined moral, religious, legal and other protective and regulatory principles. The processes of labor division and the complexity of forms of social life led to the separation of moral regulation based on tradition from the actual legal tools. In the context of the views of Western and domestic thinkers, a number of doctrinal approaches to determining the relationship between morality and law are studied, resulting in the conclusion that these social regulators should be considered in close relationship, since they have common roots, perform one-order functions and in each case regulate the behavior of a particular individual. The general questions of the origin of punishments, their proportionality with illegal acts, the urgency of the application of punishment, the purpose of punishments, as well as the reasons for their appointment are examined within the framework of political and legal views of Cesare Beccaria. The moral aspect of punishments such as monetary fines, dishonor, banishment and confiscation, and the death penalty are considered separately, and the humanistic principles of preventive measures such as torture and detention are revealed. In the context of the doctrine of Cesare Beccaria on crimes, the author examines the features of harm that the criminal causes to the nation, as the basis for the classification of an act as a crime. The author focuses on the gradation of crimes into breach of public interest and encroachment on personal and material benefits of individuals. Crimes against public peace and smuggling are investigated in the context of breach of public interests. Within the framework of crimes against the interests of individuals, the author analyzes duels, as well as the moral aspect of establishing legal responsibility for suicide. In conclusion, the author considers the attitude of Cesare Beccaria to the issue of crime prevention.
Legal Problems of Spatial Development of the Arctic Ecological Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zhavoronkova N. G. , Agafonov V. B.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers the strategic directions of legal support for the spatial development of the Arctic ecological zone of the Russian Federation. It is proved that a key principle of the development of the Arctic is the principle of preservation and the balance between economic activity, human presence and conservation of the environment. Therefore, the existing strategic planning documents defining strategic guidelines for spatial development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation shall be brought into compliance with the basic documents of state strategic planning in the field of environmental protection and ecological safety, as well as in national, economic, and other types of security. The authors substantiate the conclusion that it is necessary to develop and adopt a separate strategy for marine (aquatic) spatial development, which contains key types of economic specialization in relation to individual water areas, promising marine reference zones of economic growth, as well as the main directions for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety. According to the authors, the implementation of the tasks specified in the strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to determine the status of the whole Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (strategic, environmental, economic, social, etc.), and, given the special international and national status of the Arctic, its special position as a testing ground for ideas and environmental-economic investments, to develop and adopt the basic law "On environmental Arctic zone of the Russian Federation" or to integrate environmental requirements into the project of the Federal law "On the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation".
Analysis of distracted pedestrians’ waiting time: Head-Mounted Immersive Virtual Reality application
Authors: Kalatian Arash , Sobhani Anae , Farooq Bilal
Published: March 2020

This paper analyzes the distracted pedestrians’ waiting time before crossing the road in three conditions: 1) not distracted, 2) distracted with a smartphone and 3) distracted with a smartphone in the presence of virtual flashing LED lights on the crosswalk as a safety measure. For the means of data collection, we adapted an in-house developed virtual immersive reality environment (VIRE). A total of 42 volunteers participated in the experiment. Participants’ positions and head movements were recorded and used to calculate walking speeds, acceleration and deceleration rates, surrogate safety measures, time spent playing smartphone game, etc. After a descriptive analysis on the data, the effects of these variables on pedestrians’ waiting time are analyzed by employing a cox proportional hazard model. Several factors were identified as having impact on waiting time. The results show that an increase in initial walk speed, percentage of time the head was oriented toward smartphone during crossing, bigger minimum missed gaps and unsafe crossings resulted in shorter waiting times. On the other hand, an increase in the percentage of time the head was oriented toward smartphone during waiting time, crossing time and maze solving time, means longer waiting times for participants.
Compression of Pedestrian Crowd in Corner Turning Subject experiment-based analysis of walking trajectories
Authors: Imanishi Mineko , Sano Tomonori
Published: March 2020

In this study, pedestrian crowd dynamics at corner turns were investigated by analyzing pedestrian trajectories in a subject experiment for building more reliable, general-purpose, pedestrian simulation models. An experiment under laboratory conditions was conducted wherein a pedestrian crowd walked straight for a short distance before turning into a right-angled corner built with partition walls; the opposite sides were unwalled. Trials were performed with different widths and densities of initial participant positions. Finally, the trajectories of the pedestrians were extracted from a video through computer image analysis. The results demonstrated that pedestrian behavior at corner turns depends on lane position, lane distance (from the wall), and crowd density.
Can we learn where people go?
Authors: Gödel Marion , Köster Gerta , Lehmberg Daniel , Gruber Manfred , Kneidl Angelika , Sesser Florian
Published: March 2020

In most agent-based simulators, pedestrians navigate from origins to destinations. Consequently, destinations are essential input parameters to the simulation. While many other relevant parameters as positions, speeds and densities can be obtained from sensors, like cameras, destinations cannot be observed directly. Our research question is: Can we obtain this information from video data using machine learning methods? We use density heatmaps, which indicate the pedestrian density within a given camera cutout, as input to predict the destination distributions. For our proof of concept, we train a Random Forest predictor on an exemplary data set generated with the Vadere microscopic simulator. The scenario is a crossroad where pedestrians can head left, straight or right. In addition, we gain first insights on suitable placement of the camera. The results motivate an in-depth analysis of the methodology.
Comparing Different Metrics Quantifying Pedestrian Safety
Authors: Hillebrand Arne , Hoogeveen Han , Geraerts Roland
Published: March 2020

The quantification of pedestrian safety is an important research topic. If reliable quantification is possible, it can be used to predict and prevent dangerous situations, such as the crowd crush at the 2010 Love Parade. To quantify safety, we can use several metrics like density, velocity, flow and pressure. Unfortunately, there are several methods to evaluate these metrics, which may give different results. This can lead to different interpretations of similar situations. Researchers compare these metrics visually or search for trends in fundamental diagrams. This is inherently subjective. We propose an objective methodology to compare these methods, where we emphasize the different quantifications of peak “dangerousness”. Furthermore, we refine existing methods to include the obstacles in environments by replacing the Euclidean distance with the geodesic distance. In our experimental analysis, we observe large differences between different methods for the same scenarios. We conclude that switching to a different method of analysing crowd safety can lead to different conclusions, which asks for standardisation in this research field. Since we are concerned with human safety, we prefer to err on the side of caution. Therefore, we advocate the use of our refined Gaussian-based method, which consistently reports higher levels of danger.
Estimating social relation from trajectories
Authors: Yucel Zeynep , Zanlungo Francesco , Feliciani Claudio , Gregorj Adrien , Kanda Takayuki
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on social pedestrian groups in public spaces and makes an effort to identify the social relation between the group members. We particularly consider dyads having coalitional or mating relation. We derive several observables from individual and group trajectories, which are suggested to be distinctive for these two sorts of relations and propose a recognition algorithm taking these observables as features and yielding an estimation of social relation in a probabilistic manner at every sampling step. On the average, we detect coalitional relation with 87% and mating relation with 81% accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to infer social relation from joint (loco)motion patterns and we consider the detection rates to be a satisfactory considering the inherent challenge of the problem.
An Artificial Neural Network Framework for Pedestrian Walking Behavior Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Kielar Peter , Borrmann André
Published: March 2020

Movement behavior models of pedestrian agents form the basis of computational crowd simulations. In contemporary research, a large number of models exist. However, there is still no walking behavior model that can address the various influence factors of movement behavior holistically. Thus, we endorse the use of artificial neural networks to develop walking behavior models because machine learning methods can integrate behavioral factors efficiently, automatically, and data-driven. In this paper, we support this approach by providing a framework that describes how to include artificial neural networks into a pedestrian research context. The framework comprises 5 phases: data, replay, training, simulation, and validation. Furthermore, we describe and discuss a prototype of the framework.
Pedestrian collision avoidance with a local dynamic goal
Authors: Martin Rafael , Parisi Daniel
Published: March 2020

We present here a general formalism for equipping simulated pedestrians with an avoidance mechanism. The central idea is to use a short-range target which is adjusted dynamically depending on the environment and thus modulating the desired velocity of the agent. This formulation can be implemented over any type of existing pedestrian model, being force-based or rule-based. As an example, we implement a simple instance of the formulation which is adjusted to reproduce previous reported and available experimental data of collision avoidance in scenarios of low density. The proposed minimal model shows good agreement with the real trajectories and other macroscopic observables.
Interdependence of flows when merge in rail tunnel evacuations
Authors: Balboa Adriana , Alvear Daniel , Abreu Orlando
Published: March 2020

The understanding of merging flows during evacuation can have important implications for rail tunnels safety. This paper explores the interdependence of the merging of flows coming from the walkway with those exiting the train. Eight train exit configurations were tested using a mock-up of a rail car exit and a lateral walkway involving 77 participants (mean age 48; standard deviation 15; range 18-74). New measurements and data processing methods are proposed allowing statistical analysis to be performed. The results provide quantitative evidence of the preferences between flows. We found that the bias in the evacuation was slightly in favour of the walkway when train exit was at 0 m in height. Contrary to expectations a moderate dominance of walkway flow was observed at 0.8 m in height. Less variation was found for the train exit at 1.2 m in height with a clear priority of walkway flow. This happened despite deference behaviours performed by participants, i.e. people stopped to help those entering from the rail car. This novel contribution aims to provide a new method for those involved in development and validation of new and current evacuation modelling tools and those who want to improve their understanding of merging behaviour during evacuation in rail tunnels.
Towards Real-Time Monitoring of the Hajj
Authors: Baqui Muhammad , Löhner Rainald
Published: March 2020

An automated approach to explore the fundamental properties of high-density pedestrian traffic is outlined. The framework operates on video or time lapse images captured from surveillance cameras. For pedestrian velocity extraction, the framework incorporates cross-correlation based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. For pedestrian density estimation, the framework relies on the Machine Learning technique of the Boosted Regression Trees. The information collected from images in pixel coordinates are transformed to world coordinates with a pin-hole camera based projective transformation technique. The framework has been tested with high density crowd images acquired during the Muslim religious event, the Hajj. Accuracy and performance of the framework are reported.
A Markov-chain Activity-based Model for Pedestrians in Office Buildings
Authors: Shelat Sanmay , Daamen Winnie , Kaag Bjorn , Duives Dorine , Hoogendoorn Serge
Published: March 2020

As the number of people working in office buildings increases, there is an urgent need to improve building services, such as lighting and temperature control, within these buildings to increase energy efficiency and well-being of occupants. A pedestrian behaviour model that simulates office occupants’ movements and locations can provide the high spatial and temporal resolution data required for the testing, evaluation, and optimization of these control systems. However, since most studies in pedestrian research focus on modelling specific actions at the operational level or target situations where movement schedules do not have to modelled, a pedestrian behaviour model that can simulate complex situations over long time periods is missing. Therefore, this paper proposes a tactical level model to generate occupant movement patterns in office buildings. The Markov-chain activity-based model proposed here is data parsimonious, flexible in accepting different levels of information, and can produce high resolution output. The mathematical properties of the methodology are analyzed to understand their impact on the final results. Finally, the tactical level pedestrian behaviour model is face validated using a case study of an imaginary office with a simple layout.
Sentetik Kannabinoidlerin Nöropsikiyatrik Etkileri
Authors: ARAL Armağan , AVCI Bahattin , USTA Miraç Barış
Published: March 2020

Sentetik Kannabinoidler  esrarın psikoaktif etkilerini taklit eden
laboratuar ortamında üretilmiş birçok bileşiğin ortak adıdır. Sentetik Kannabinoid
kullanımı son yıllarda gençler arasında hızla yaygınlaşan bir halk sağlığı
sorunudur. Kullanım oranının gün geçtikçe artması  nedeniyle etkilerinin daha iyi
anlaşılabilmesi, tüketim hızının azaltılabilmesi, yarattığı olumsuz etkilerin
giderilmesinin kolaylaştırılabilmesi için birçok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Sentetik kannabinoid kullanımı sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek nöropsikiyatrik
durumların bilinmesi ve esrar kullanımından ayırt edilmesi, nörorehabilitasyon
sürecinin işlevselliğini artırmaya yönelik düzenlemelere yol gösterecektir.
Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Serebrovasküler Olaylar
Authors: ÖZELSANCAK Rüya
Published: March 2020

İnme dünya çapında morbidite ve
mortalitenin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. İskemik ve hemorajik olarak iki gruba
ayrılır ve diyabet, hipertansiyon, sigara ve obezite gibi kardiyovasküler  hastalıklar 
ile benzer risk faktörlerine sahiptir. Kronik böbrek hastalığı da sıklığı
her geçen gün artan ve geleneksel risk faktörleri dışında, üremik toksinler, anemi,
trombosit disfonksiyonu, hipervolemi, malnütriyon-inflamasyon, artmış oksidatif
stres gibi kendine has risk faktörleri olan bir hastalıktır. Diyalize giren
hasta sayısı ülkemizde her yıl   %10
oranında artmaktadır ve bu hasta grubunda inme, kronik böbrek hastalığının tüm
aşamalarında genel populasyona göre 2-10 kat fazla görülmektedir. Bu derlemede,
inmenin risk faktörleri ve alt tipleri dahil olmak üzere kronik böbrek
hastaları ve diyaliz hastalarında inmeye genel bir bakış sunulmaktadır.