bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Drinks Contribution to Energy Intake in Summer and Winter
Authors: Malisova Olga , Bountziouka Vassiliki , Zampelas Antonis , Kapsokefalou Maria
Published: May 2015

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001) and in men higher than in women in both seasons (p < 0.001 in summer, p = 0.02 in winter). Coffee, coffee drinks, milk, chocolate milk and alcoholic drinks contributed approximately 75% of energy from drinks. Fruit juice and sugar-sweetened drinks, including soft drinks and fruit juice based drinks, were consumed less frequently contributing up to 25% of drink energy intake. Drinks contribute approximately 1/4 of total energy intake depending on the energy content of the drink and frequency of consumption. Coffee, dairy and alcoholic drinks were the main energy contributors.
Carbohydrate Electrolyte Solutions Enhance Endurance Capacity in Active Females
Authors: Sun Feng-Hua , Wong Stephen , Chen Shi-Hui , Poon Tsz-Chun
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) in active females during a prolonged session of submaximal running to exhaustion. Eight healthy active females volunteered to perform a session of open-ended running to exhaustion at 70% of their maximal oxygen consumption on a treadmill during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle on two occasions. During each run, the subjects consumed either 3mL·kg−1 body mass of a 6% CES or a placebo drink (PL) every 20 min during exercise. The trials were administered in a randomized double-blind, cross-over design. During the run, the subjects ingested similar volumes of fluid in two trials (CES: 644 ± 75 mL vs. PL: 593 ± 66 mL, p > 0.05). The time to exhaustion was 16% longer during the CES trial (106.2 ± 9.4 min) than during the PL trial (91.6 ± 5.9 min) (p < 0.05). At 45 min during exercise, the plasma glucose concentration in the CES trial was higher than that in PL trial. No differences were observed in the plasma lactate level, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, perceived rate of exertion, sensation of thirst, or abdominal discomfort between the two trials (p > 0.05). The results of the present study confirm that CES supplementation improves the moderate intensity endurance capacity of active females during the follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. However, the exogenous oxidation of carbohydrate does not seem to explain the improved capacity after CES supplementation.
The Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire on Coping with Cyberbullying: The Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire
Authors: Jacobs Niels , Völlink Trijntje , Dehue Francine , Lechner Lilian
Published: May 2015

The negative effects and the continuation of cyberbullying seem to depend on the coping strategies the victims use. To assess their coping strategies, self-report questionnaires (SRQs) are used. However, these SRQs are often subject to several shortcomings: the (single and topological) categorizations used in SRQs do not always adequately differentiate among various coping responses, in addition the strategies of general SRQs fail to accurately measure coping with cyberbullying. This study is therefore aimed to develop a SRQ that specifically measures coping with cyberbullying (i.e., Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire; CCQ) and to discover whether other, not single and topological, categorizations of coping strategies can be found. Based on previous SRQs used in the (cyber)bullying (i.e., traditional and cyberbullying) literature (i.e., 49 studies were found with three different SRQs measuring coping with traditional bullying, cyberbullying or (cyber)bullying) items and categorizations were selected, compared and merged into a new questionnaire. In compliance with recommendations from the classical test-theory, a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis were done, and a final model was constructed. Seventeen items loaded onto four different coping categorizations: mental-, passive-, social-, and confrontational-coping. The CCQ appeared to have good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, good discriminant validity and the development of the CCQ fulfilled many of the recommendations from classical test-theory. The CCQ omits working in single and topological categorizations and measures cognitive, behavioral, approach and avoidance strategies.
A Hybrid Feature Extractor using Fast Hessian Detector and SIFT
Authors: Güzel Mehmet
Published: May 2015

This paper addresses a new hybrid feature extractor algorithm, which in essence integrates a Fast-Hessian detector into the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. Feature extractors mainly consist of two essential parts: feature detector and descriptor extractor. This study proposes to integrate (Speeded-Up Robust Features) SURF’s hessian detector into the SIFT algorithm so as to boost the total number of true matched pairs. This is a critical requirement in image processing and widely used in various corresponding fields from image stitching to object recognition. The proposed hybrid algorithm has been tested under different experimental conditions and results are quite encouraging in terms of obtaining higher matched pairs and precision score.
A Method for Simultaneous Determination of 20 Fusarium Toxins in Cereals by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry with a Pentafluorophenyl Column
Authors: Tamura Masayoshi , Mochizuki Naoki , Nagatomi Yasushi , Harayama Koichi , Toriba Akira , Hayakawa Kazuichi
Published: May 2015

A high-resolution liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 20 Fusarium toxins (nivalenol, fusarenon-X, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, fumonisin A1, fumonisin A2, fumonisin A3, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) in cereals. The separation of 20 Fusarium toxins with good peak shapes was achieved using a pentafluorophenyl column, and Orbitrap MS was able to detect accurately from cereal matrix components within ±0.77 ppm. The samples were prepared using a QuEChERS kit for extraction and a multifunctional cartridge for purification. The linearity, repeatability, and recovery of the method were >0.9964, 0.8%–14.7%, and 71%–106%, respectively. Using this method, an analysis of 34 commercially available cereals detected the presence of deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, fumonisn A1, fumonisin A2, fumonisin A3, and zearalenone in corn samples with high concentration and frequency. Trichothecenes was detected from wheat samples with high frequency; in particular, the concentration of deoxynivalenol was high. Conversely, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol were not detected in any of the samples.
Sustainable Drainage Systems
Authors: Scholz Miklas
Published: May 2015

Urban water management has somewhat changed since the publication of The Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) Manual in 2007 [1], transforming from building traditional sewers to implementing SuDS, which are part of the best management practice techniques used in the USA and seen as contributing to water-sensitive urban design in Australia. Most SuDS, such as infiltration trenches, swales, green roofs, ponds, and wetlands, address water quality and quantity challenges, and enhance the local biodiversity while also being acceptable aesthetically to the public. Barriers to the implementation of SuDS include adoption problems, flood and diffuse pollution control challenges, negative public perception, and a lack of decision support tools addressing, particularly, the retrofitting of these systems while enhancing ecosystem services. [...]
Impact of DEM Resolution on Puddle Characterization: Comparison of Different Surfaces and Methods
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Chu Xuefeng
Published: May 2015

DEM-based topographic characterization and quantification of surface depression storage are critical to hydrologic and environmental modeling. Mixed conclusions have been obtained from previous studies on the relationship between maximum depression storage (MDS) and DEM grid spacing, which is affected by different factors, such as topographic characteristics, surface delineation methods and DEM interpolation/aggregation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DEM resolution on topographic characterization with the consideration of these three factors. Twenty-three topographic surfaces (including ideal surfaces, laboratory-scale soil surfaces and watershed-scale land surfaces) were selected, and five software packages, ArcHydro, PCRaster, HEC-GeoHMS, TauDEM and PD (puddle delineation), were used for surface delineation. Our results indicated that MDS, maximum ponding area (MPA) and the number of puddles (NP) decreased with increasing grid spacing for most smoother surfaces due to the loss of topographic detail. For most rough surfaces (e.g., mountain-type surfaces with significant variations in surface elevations), however, the changing patterns of MDS and MPA varied with an increase in grid spacing mainly due to the unreal “artificial depressions/puddles” generated during the interpolation/aggregation process. This study emphasizes the importance of topographic characteristics, DEM resolution and surface delineation methods.
Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy
Authors: Kulik Andrzej J , Lekka Małgorzata , Lee Kyumin , Pyka-Fościak Grazyna , Nowak Wieslaw
Published: May 2015

The first experiment showing the effects of specific interaction forces using lateral force microscopy (LFM) was demonstrated for lectin–carbohydrate interactions some years ago. Such measurements are possible under the assumption that specific forces strongly dominate over the non-specific ones. However, obtaining quantitative results requires the complex and tedious calibration of a torsional force. Here, a new and relatively simple method for the calibration of the torsional force is presented. The proposed calibration method is validated through the measurement of the interaction forces between human fibronectin and its monoclonal antibody. The results obtained using LFM and AFM-based classical force spectroscopies showed similar unbinding forces recorded at similar loading rates. Our studies verify that the proposed lateral force calibration method can be applied to study single molecule interactions.
Influence of length and flexibility of spacers on the binding affinity of divalent ligands
Authors: Liese Susanne , Netz Roland R
Published: May 2015

We present a quantitative model for the binding of divalent ligand–receptor systems. We study the influence of length and flexibility of the spacers on the overall binding affinity and derive general rules for the optimal ligand design. To this end, we first compare different polymeric models and determine the probability to simultaneously bind to two neighboring receptor binding pockets. In a second step the binding affinity of divalent ligands in terms of the IC50value is derived. We find that a divalent ligand has the potential to bind more efficiently than its monovalent counterpart only, if the monovalent dissociation constant is lower than a critical value. This critical monovalent dissociation constant depends on the ligand-spacer length and flexibility as well as on the size of the receptor. Regarding the optimal ligand-spacer length and flexibility, we find that the average spacer length should be equal or slightly smaller than the distance between the receptor binding pockets and that the end-to-end spacer length fluctuations should be in the same range as the size of a receptor binding pocket.
Haemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in two newborns
Authors: Guzoglu Nilufer , Demirkol Fatma Nur , Aliefendioglu Didem
Published: May 2015

Invasive procedures and antibiotic treatment increase the risk of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Early identification and appropriate treatment is important. Herein we report two cases of massive hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The first case was diagnosed with congenital pneumonia; a chest tube was inserted because of pneumothorax on the third day of life. The second case had been referred with respiratory distress syndrome, and bilateral pneumothorax was present on admission. Upon follow up, the cases’ clinical condition worsened; acute respiratory distress syndrome and massive pulmonary haemorrhage developed. After Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in blood cultures, the cases were treated successfully using a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolone.
Pasiphaeid shrimps in the western Mediterranean: geographical variability in distribution and population patterns
Authors: Simão Daniela S. , Zas Emilia , Carbonell Aina , Abelló Pere
Published: May 2015

This work aimed to analyse the main characteristics of the bathymetric and geographic distribution, population size structure and size at maturity of the continental slope caridean shrimps Pasiphaea sivado and Pasiphaea multidentata in the western Mediterranean, as well as to try to relate the patterns obtained with geomorphologic and hydrographic characteristics. The study area encompassed the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. In both species, marked differences in depth distribution, density, and population size structure were found between Algerian basin populations, particularly in the Alboran Sea, and those in the Catalano-Balearic basin. Both shrimps showed a shallower bathymetric range in the westernmost region of the Algerian basin than in the rest of geographic sectors, linked to the occurrence of upwelling areas on the northwestern edges of the Alboran Sea. Populations of P. sivado reached larger densities, sizes and maturity size in the Algerian basin. No recruitment of P. multidentata was detected in the Algerian basin, whereas it was present in the Catalano-Balearic basin. In both species, the window range of bottom temperature and salinity was larger in juveniles than in adults. These different distribution and population dynamics imply that ecological functioning of these species differs between the two geomorphological basins of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Teaching and Learning Physics with Smartphones
Authors: González M. Á. , González Manuel Á. , Martín M. Esther , Llamas César , Martínez Óscar , Vegas Jesús , Herguedas Mar , Hernández Cármen
Published: May 2015

The use of mobile technologies is reshaping how to teach and learn. In this paper the authors describe their research on the use of these technologies to teach physics. On the one hand they develop mobile applications to complement the traditional learning and to help students learn anytime and anywhere. The use of this applications has proved to have very positive influence on the students' engagement. On the other hand, they use smartphones as measurement devices in physics experiments. This opens the possibility of designing and developing low cost laboratories where expensive material can be substituted by smartphones. The smartphones' sensors are reliable and accurate enough to permit good measurements. However, as it is shown with some examples, special care must be taken here if one does not know how these apps used to access the sensors' data are programmed.
Data Organisation for Describing Product's Structure in a Simulation Framework
Authors: Abaza Bogdan , Savu Tom
Published: May 2015

The paper presents an application for creating the product's structure in a simulation framework using an algorithm for randomly generating the orders received by a simulated manufacturing system.The application was implemented in a graphical programming environment which will serve also for developing the manufacturing system simulator. The paper is describing the procedures for generating the records from the proposed data structure and for labelling each main product's component.The data is then transformed and restructured for complying with the data definition to be used in the simulation framework: all the transitions representing processing activities are defined and labelled and their input and about places are defined, labelled and structured in an array according with the data definition.
Knowledge Database for Functional Design of Mechanical Products
Authors: Dijmărescu Manuela Roxana , Parvu Corneliu , Gheorghe Marian
Published: May 2015

Different works on the functional design and functional vocabularies area have been accomplished. The function has become the key element of the design process of a product and many researchers have focussed their work on developing functional taxonomies which can be used as a basis for functional design. One of the main disadvantages on the research performed in this domain is that a clear correlation between proposed functions and a product part or structure cannot be shown. This paper presents a new configuration of a functional taxonomy which can be easier correlated with the structure of the product, as an input of a knowledge database for supporting engineering design activity, as well a structure of the database system and a preview of its content.
Case Study on Design Method for Customized Products
Authors: Tarara Aurel , Mazilu Traian , Abaza Bogdan
Published: May 2015

The individual needs of customers as well as the wide variety of environments and scenarios in which the products are used, have influences on product structure and configuration as well as in their design. These influences increase the degree of product customization especially for highly complex products with precise destination, unique or manufactured in very small series. This paper presents a case study on a cabin of an electric power generation turbine in order to identify the actions taken, tools used by the designers in the design process, co-design aspect of the product and the possibility to develop a method for customized products design.
Matrix Strain Increase Factors in Unidirectional Fibers-Reinforced Laminae
Authors: Teodorescu-Draghicescu Horatiu , Vlase Sorin , Munteanu Renata
Published: May 2015

This paper presents computational matrix strain increase factors in case of parallel hexagonal shape disposed fibers in unidirectional fibers-reinforced laminae subjected to transverse loadings. Matrix strain increase factors for two shapes of disposed fibers in a unidirectional glass and HM-carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy resin lamina are given. A comparison between matrix strain increase factors in case of square shape and hexagonal shape disposed fibers for these types of laminae are also presented.
Advances on the Manufacturing Process of Nanocomposites with MWNT and Nanopowders
Authors: Cosmoiu Ioana , Apostol Dragoş Alexandru , Constantinescu Dan Mihai , Picu Catalin R. , Sandu Marin
Published: May 2015

Epoxy-based nanocomposites with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and nanopowders were fabricated and subjected to monotonic uniaxial testing. Three procedures used to fabricate these nanocomposites are presented, as the dispersion of the MWNTs and nanopowders in the epoxy matrix is a significant challenge. Optical microscopy is used to observe the degree of mixing of the nanofillers in the resin. The inclusion of MWNT and nanopowders don't affect significantly the static properties, but lead to a slight increase of the strength and stiffness of the nanocomposite relative to the neat epoxy.
Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene - REOGARD 2000® Composite
Authors: Vîlcea Elena Janina , Ion Rodica Mariana
Published: May 2015

"New materials" as they are called composite materials are designed with special features to meet some special requirements regarding: mechanical strength and rigidity, resistance to corrosion, resistance to chemical agents, low weight, dimensional stability, resistance to varying loads, shock and wear, insulating properties and aesthetics. The main advantage of these materials is the high ratio between strength and weight density. This paper deals with the tests of a composite materials as polypropylene (PP) materials, firstly as pure and recovered polypropylene materials, and secondly, the same materials with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% Reogard 2000®. This study led to the conclusion that the best mechanical properties of polypropylene is for 20% concentration of Reogard2000®.
An Inspired from Nature Design Methodology for the Fashion Industry
Authors: Kyratsis Panagiotis , Dimou Eva , Manavis Athanasios , Bilalis Nikolaos
Published: May 2015

Nature is effectively a significantly large laboratory which offers opportunities for inspirations to all sciences. Some commercial implementations of nature-based mimicking, includes smart system controls, robotic sensors and artificial muscles. From the conceptual side, product design uses a different approach in nature-based methodology. It uses similarities based on the geometrical form or/and the functionality. The proposed Conceptual Product Design (CPD) framework supports and highlights the necessity of a nature-based design to all product industries. A good example is the fashion industry, which offers great opportunities for innovative and sustainable design based on nature.
A Study of Forming Tool Profile Effect in Single Point Incremental Forming by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Abass Khalil Ibrahim , Draganescu Florian
Published: May 2015

The Single Point Incremental Forming Process, SPIF, is a forming technique of sheet material based on layered manufacturing principles. The forming tool is moved along the tool path while the edges of sheet material are clamped on fixture by holder. The finished part is performed by the CNC milling machine. The description of the process is more complicated by highly nonlinear boundary conditions, namely contact and frictional effects have been accomplished. Due to the fact that the mathematical analysis of SPIF is complex, numerical approaches dominated by the FEA are now in widespread use. The paper presents the data and main results of a study concerning the effect of forming tool profile on SPIF through FEA, that permits the modeling of complex geometries, material behavior and boundary conditions. SPIF has been studied under certain process conditions referring to the test workpiece, tool, etc., using ANSYS 11.0. The results showed that the model of simulation can predict an ideal profile of processing track, spring back error of SPIF, the behavior of contact tool - workpiece, the accuracy of product by evaluation the strain and the stress distributions between forming tool and workpiece surface interface, and sample of results have been demonstrated.
Obtaining Holes in Plexiglas Using Low Power CO2 Laser Beam
Authors: Coteaţă Margareta , Slătineanu Laurenţiu , Morar Maria Cristina , Beşliu Irina
Published: May 2015

The laser beam drilling is generally included in the larger group of laser beam machining methods based on the material removal. The problem addressed in this paper referred to the laser beam drilling of test pieces made of Plexiglas. Some theoretical aspects were highlighted by analyzing the physical effects developed in Plexiglas by the laser beam action. Experimental research was developed in order to highlight the influence exerted by the duration of the CO2 laser beam action on the Plexiglas in obtaining blind and through-holes. Empirical mathematical models and graphical representations allowed formulation of some remarks concerning the results of experimental research.
Quality Control Test Systems for Overload Protectors
Authors: Cazacu Daniel , Boițeanu Florin
Published: May 2015

Major companies activating in the domestic appliance industry are sharpening the focus on delivering reliable and energy efficient products. Test benches that can simulate and analyze the behavior of the different components that make the final product are key factors in achieving this goals. A custom test bench for overload protectors used with hermetically sealed compressors in refrigeration equipments is presented.
Mathematical Modeling of Non-Destructive Testing for Layered Materials
Authors: Petriceanu Constantin Stefan , Virlan Oana
Published: May 2015

This article deals with mathematical modeling of non-destructive testing of layered materials. Latest research in the nondestructive control modeling with ultrasound waves recommends, for a greater productivity, the use of layer waves Lamb type due to their properties to propagate in solid materials on long distances without any significant attenuation. In the first part it is shown and justified the usage of the choice of Lamb waves to control this type of material. Then follows the theoretical aspects of the modeling and the simulation of the propagation of Lamb waves in layered materials using the mathematical formalism of wave propagation characterization with a vector of type S called slowness vector. Afterwards the mathematical results are presented with the equation of motion within the considered hypothesis, the hypothesis determined in any point of the space of important acoustic parameters in nondestructive testing (in particular the amplitude of the reflected wave quasi-longitudinal wave) based on the known characteristics of the incipient vector (initial impulse). Then follows validation of the developed model based on some simulations using a specialized software. Finally conclusions are presented and prospects for the development of the method.
Trends in ICT Service Management
Authors: Bozga Liviu , Gheorghe Marian
Published: May 2015

The importance of information technology service management, ITSM, is fully recognized today. All companies, regardless of their size, accept the role of IT services and products, as the main supports for decision and control activities. The present contribution aims to analyze the main steps in the evolution of ITSM and its evolvement as a well-defined domain. There are analyzed, also, the main economical and technical factors influencing its evolution - the increase of competition among the IT service providers, the technical progress in hardware and availability of digital technologies.
The Way of Information to Knowledge Required in Design Activity
Authors: Pămîntaş Eugen
Published: May 2015

Engineering design work is based on the use of information in their specialized form of knowledge. How information becomes knowledge, how knowledge is extracted, documented, stored, communicated and disseminated are still so many problems to be solved in order to improve design activities of a company.
Positioning Control of Ball Screw System Driven by DC Motor
Authors: Chong Shin Horng , Tze Ter Ting , Sakthivelu Vasanthan
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the comparison of positioning control between conventional PID controller and fuzzy PID controller. The controllers are applying into the ball screw system driven by DC motor to observe and analyze the change of the positioning output responses. The DC motor is used because it is easy to setup and control, has precise rotation and most importantly is low cost. As for ball screw mechanism itself, has smooth motion, not easy to wear out and high mechanical efficiency. The problem is arise when the used of conventional PID controller in the ball screw system driven by DC motor shows less adaptability to the changes of system parameter. Therefore, the objective of this project is to design an adaptive fuzzy PID controller to overcome the limitation of conventional PID controller. The performances between the conventional PID controller and fuzzy PID controller will be compared in order to validate the robustness of the fuzzy PID controller. So this project is to compare the robustness of two proposed controllers by comparing the results of ball screw table position when the parameter mass of load is set to vary. The experiment is started with designing the algorithms of fuzzy PID control and conventional PID controller, then the designed algorithm is applied onto the experimental that has been setup. The performances especially the transient response and steady state error between the controllers will be collected and compared by conducting the point to point positioning, tracking and variation of load weight experiments.
A Review of Humanoid Robots Technical Characteristics in the Application for Robotic Teacher
Authors: Blar Noraidah , Azni Jafar Fairul , Idris Syahril Anuar , Mat Ali Mahasan
Published: May 2015

Robots are not rare applications anymore due to the advanced technology today. Everyone knows robots have been used in many fields. Humanoid robots are especially desirable in human society as they can work well in indoor environments that have been designed for humans. The technical characteristics for humanoid robot teacher listed in this paper are facial expression, walking, speaking and hearing, body gestures, and vision. These characteristics are believed to be essential in every humanoid robot involved in education. Technical explanations for each characteristic are provided throughout this paper. The list of robots that can be used as a robotic teacher is also given in this paper.
Review on Cutting Force Compensation Techniques for Machine Tools Application
Authors: Maharof Madihah , Jamaludin Zamberi , Minhat Mohammad , Ito Teruaki
Published: May 2015

This paper reviews compensation methods on effects of disturbance forces on positioning accuracy in linear drives system for machine tools applications. Linear motor is directly subjected to disturbances forces acting in the direction of motion giving rise to the needs for alternative robust controllers in order to ensure precision and high tracking performance. This paper investigates effect of cutting forces generated during milling process on tracking accuracy of a linear drive motor. Recent studies are focusing on design of adaptive compensators that provide robustness against system uncertainties while maintaining high degree of precision and accuracy generally required in high performance machining applications.
Cutting Temperature and Tool Wear Assessment of Turning Process with Minimal Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Teo Chong Yaw , Yassin Abdullah
Published: May 2015

This paper presents an experimental investigation on cutting performance in turning of mild steel with application of minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) by using vegetable oils: canola oil, sunflower oil and palm oil. In order to study the effects of MQL on turning process, cutting temperature and flank wear were measured during the turning operations. Cutting temperature was measured using tool work thermocouple while flank wear was observed through SPG video microscope. The measured cutting temperatures and flank wear were also compared to that of dry cutting and water mist cutting. Results showed that among the vegetable oils, palm oil demonstrated highest cooling efficiency, at which reduction of 50 percent in cutting temperature compared to dry cutting. However, it was found out that MQL with canola oil yields the longest tool life. Reasons for such findings are also discussed in the paper.
Stitch Bonding Strength of Cu Wire on AuAg/Pd/Ni Preplated Cu Leadframes: Influence of AuAg Thickness
Authors: Tey Sock Chien , Lau Kok Tee , Mohamad Noor Mohd Hafizul , Tham Yon Loong , Abd Manaf Mohd Edeerozey
Published: May 2015

Copper (Cu) wire bonding on the pre-plated leadframes with Ni/Pd/AuAg plating has been applied extensively in the semiconductor industry for the interconnection of integrated-circuit (IC) packaging due to the lower material cost of Cu and its excellent electrical properties. Furthermore, the Cu wire bonding on the preplated leadframe has advantages, such as the tin whisker prevention and the robust package for automotive application. Nevertheless, a stitch bondability of Cu wire-preplated leadframe is facing several challenges, such as the Cu oxidation, the high hardness of Cu wire and the very thin AuAg plating on the leadframes. This paper discusses the effect of AuAg plating thickness in roughened pre-plated leadframe on the stitch bonding of Cu wires with the leadframe. The stitch bonding integrity was assessed using Dage 4000 shear/pull tool at a key wire bond responses of stitch pull at time zero (T0). Results show that the stitch pull strength of the Cu-leadframe stitch bonding increases with the increase thickness of AuAg layer. FESEM images of the stitch bonding between the Cu wires and the pre-plated leadframes of different AuAg plating thickness did not show any defect in microstructures, thus it suggests that the bonding property is determined by diffusion mechanism at the Cu wire/AuAg stitch bonding interface. Finally, a brief discussion is provided on the stitch bondability of high performance Au-flashed palladium-coated copper wires on the pre-plated leadframe with different AuAg thickness.
Antibacterial Activity of Amine-Functionalized Zeolite NaY against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC11229
Authors: Mohd Hanim Siti Aishah , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Ibrahim Zaharah , Mad Salim Mashitah , Ramli Nur Isti'anah , Sarah Nor Syafawani , Azam Mohd Asyadi
Published: May 2015

The antibacterial activity of functionalized zeolite NaY (CBV100) with different concentrations of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) (0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 0.40 M) was studied against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 (Gram negative) through disc diffusion technique (DDT). The characterization of functionalized zeolite NaY with fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the attachment of APTES on zeolite NaY. Through DDT, the inhibition zone of functionalized zeolite NaY increased proportionally to the amount of the amine-functional group attached onto zeolite NaY. Functionalized zeolite NaY showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive compared to Gram-negative bacteria. It can be concluded from this study that amine-functionalized zeolite NaY shows evidence of antibacterial activities.
Dispersion Stability of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) and Noncovalent-Functionalization of GNPs with Chitosan in Ethanol
Authors: Yaakub Juliana , Mohamad Noraiham , Abd Razak Jeeferie , Lau Kok Tee , Abd Manaf Mohd Edeerozey , Shueb Mohammed Iqbal
Published: May 2015

A facile method for surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the presence of chitosan was developed to improve their interfacial interaction and dispersion within polymer matrix. The selection of a suitable organic dispersant for GNPs was performed using a sedimentation test of the GNPs in different organic media. GNPs exhibited the highest stability in ethanol dispersant after 3 weeks sedimentation test, and this was supported by TEM observation, which shows that GNPs dispersed well and fully exfoliated into individual sheets in ethanol. The dispersed GNPs in the ethanol dispersion were then functionalized with chitosan-acid solution, filtered and oven-dried into powder form for further characterization. FTIR spectra further verified that the formation of amide linkage between hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of GNP with the amide group of chitosan. The possible functionalization mechanism of GNPs with chitosan was also proposed.
Platinum and Aluminium Microresonator Bridges for Artificial Basilar Membrane
Authors: Anak Ngelayang Thailis Bounya , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop , Azam Mohd Asyadi , Arith Faiz , Latif Rhonira
Published: May 2015

The artificial basilar membrane has been developed to mimic the mechanical performance of the basilar membrane in the cochlea. The artificial basilar membrane consists of an array of microbridgeresonators that are mechanically sensitive to the perceived audible frequency range between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In this work, the finite element (FE) model of the microbridge resonators have been designed in Comsol Multiphysics 4.3 to work close to the audible frequency range. The lumped element (LE) model of the microbridge resonators have been calculated and compared to the simulated FE model. The microbridge resonators array with 0.5 μm thickness, 20 μm width and length varying from 275 μm up to 7700 μm have been designed using two different materials, i.e., platinum (Pt) and aluminium (Al). The microbridge resonators have been found to mimic closely the tonotopicorganisation characteristics of the basilar membrane. From the FE and LE models of the Pt and Almicrobridge resonators, Pt has been found to be a better material than Alfor the artificial basilar membrane design. For the same geometrical dimensions, the Ptmicrobridge resonatorsoperate within the audible frequency range while the Almicrobridge resonatorsoperate approximately 43%-53% above the audible frequency range.
Optimization of Pultrusion Process for Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites
Authors: Fairuz A.M. , Sapuan S.M. , Zainudin E.S. , Jaafar Che Nor Aiza
Published: May 2015

In pultrusion process, one of the major decisions to be made by the manufacturing engineer is about the setting of manufacturing process parameters such as pulling speed, gelation temperature, curing temperature and CaCo3 filler loading before the manufacturing process is commenced. The objective of this paper is to report on the optimization of the manufacturing process parameters during pultrusion process of kenaf fibre reinforced vinyl ester composites. Besides, the paper reveals the best combination parameter and the most contributed parameter in process of pultruded kenaf reinforced vinyl ester composite through analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Potential of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) as Hydrophobicity Contributor in Chitosan-Urea Fertilizer
Authors: Mohamad Noraiham , Abdul Hamid Nor Nadiah , Abdul Aziz Nor Abidah , Abd Razak Jeeferie , Azlan Umar Al Amani , Dimin Mohd Fairuz , Shaaban Azizah
Published: May 2015

This study is to investigate the potential of ENR to be incorporated with chitosan for slow release urea fertilizer. In this research, mixture of chitosan and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was used as binder to take advantage of their biodegradable and polar characteristics, respectively. The effect of mixing formulation to the properties of fertilizer was studied. Firstly, the chitosan and ENR were diluted in toluene with the presence of bentonite as filler. Then, urea powder was mixed and stirred for 20 minutes before left to dry overnight in an oven at 60°C. Water absorption and water retention analysis were carried out on compressed pellets. The increase of ENR loading was observed to contribute to the increase of hydrophobic properties of the fertilizer. The findings were supported by compositional analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
A Study of Lean Behavior in Business Development and IT Department
Authors: Puvanasvaran A.P. , Norazlin N. , Suk Fan C.
Published: May 2015

Lean behavior is an essential element to create a culture of continuous improvement culture in a service organization. Continuous improvement is defined as the never-ending efforts for improvement involving everyone in an organization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of behavioral practices after the introduction of lean tools and discuss the effects of lean behavior in developing a culture of continuous improvement in an office environment. This study adopted a self-administered questionnaire method to obtain real time data for the analysis of behavioral practices. Ford Questionnaire was used and distributed to employees of different management levels in the Business Development and IT Department. The obtained results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The same questionnaire survey was distributed after the introduction of lean tools. The expected outcomes of this study were to determine the level of lean behavioral practices in the office department and to provide a clear understanding of some lean behavioral practices that need to be nurtured among the employees in order to produce a healthy work environment.
Fit Manufacturing: Analogy of Human Fitness Components
Authors: Ebrahim Zuhriah , Wahab Amelia Natasya Abdul , Shamsuddin Taufiqurrahman
Published: May 2015

New manufacturing system paradigms have been introduced in isolated discussions among academician in corresponds to the rapid changes of business environment towards manufacturing sustainability. However, the relationships among the introduced manufacturing systems have never been discussed. Motivated with the manufacturing system paradigms, it is possible to formulate a concept of manufacturing system that is able to fit in any changes of business environment. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse the compatibility of fitness components between human fitness system and manufacturing system. The analysis was done through an analogical study of human fitness components which was later compared to the concept of the existing manufacturing systems such as the Lean Manufacturing, Agile Manufacturing, and Reconfigurable Manufacturing, etc. In addition, relationships between the fitness components were clarified through a literature study. Result of the study indicates that the components of human fitness system were compatible with the concept of existing manufacturing systems. As a conclusion, the components of human fitness system can be adopted as fitness components in developing a concept of Fit Manufacturing system that enables manufacturing sustainability.
Effects of Casting Geometry on the Mechanical Properties of A201 Aluminum Alloy Castings in Chromite Sand Molds
Authors: Kuo Yeong Sant
Published: May 2015

Systematic change of riser size together with variation of thickness and length of A201 aluminum alloy plate castings were studied to investigate the correlation between mechanical properties and porosity content. The molds with end chill for plate castings were made of 100% chromite sand by CO2 process. If soundness throughout the whole plate casting has to be guaranteed, the riser diameter should be proper design to the dimension of the plate. The tensile strength and elongation of A201 aluminum alloy plate casting is governed by riser diameter, thickness, and length of the plate.
Water Synthetic Jet Driven by a Piezoelectric Actuator – LIF and PIV Experiments
Authors: Broučková Zuzana , Hsu Shu Shen , Wang An Bang , Trávníček Zdeněk
Published: May 2015

A synthetic jet (SJ) is a fluid jet flow generated from fluid oscillations during a periodical fluid exchange between an actuator cavity and surrounding fluid. A water synthetic jet was generated from submerged piezoelectric-driven SJ actuator. The actuator slot width was 0.36 mm. The experiments were performed using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques, both in a phase locked setup. The LIF visualization was used to demonstrate three-dimensional nature of the SJ formation process and to estimate SJ velocity. The PIV experiment quantified SJ velocity cycles in chosen plans. The driven frequency was adjusted near the resonance at approximately 46 Hz. It was evaluated theoretically and confirmed experimentally by means of LIF visualization. The time-mean orifice velocity and the Reynolds number were estimated asU0= 0.07–0.10 m/s andRe= 100–150, respectively.
Cs-P Oxide Catalysts for Aldol Condensation to Produce Methyl Acrylate
Authors: Jiang Shi Feng , Li Zhen Qiu , Chen Hong Nan , Wang Er Qiang
Published: May 2015

In this research, methyl acrylate has been synthesized from industrial raw material methyl acetate through highly efficient and eco-friendly method, One-step aldol condensation, using acid-base bifunctional catalyst Cs, P and K as catalysts. Carbon deposits and other issues led to the catalysts deactivation in the process of fixed bed, which led to the production interruption. While, the process of circulating fluidized bed can overcome this defect and the catalyst can maintain good catalytic activity in the whole process. Cs (8%), P (5%), K (2%)/γ-Al2O3/ catalyst showed better performance due to its high surface area and more weak basicity and acidity. In addition, theoretical calculations and cold model experiments were also conducted in this work to determine the catalyst particle size，operation gas velocity and gas distributor plate.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Property of PAN-PEO Hybrid Nanofiber Membrane
Authors: Lu Xu , Ni Li
Published: May 2015

It is necessary for nanofiber membrane’s application to improve its mechanical properties. In the paper, two spinnerets were used to prepare polyacrylonitrile-polyethylene oxide (PAN-PEO) hybrid nanofiber membrane and then heat treatment was used to improve their mechanical properties.Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology the average diameter of the hybrid nanofiber was obtained. After the heat treatment at 100°C, their diameter decrease and the diameter distribution become narrow. It is found that heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties. The nanofiber membrane got mechanical properties with broken stress 17.29 Mpa, broken strain 38.48% and initial module 86 Mpa by treating at 100°C for 1 hour.
Formation of Membrane Electrode Assembly for High Temperature Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Da Zhi , Zhu Xiao Hu , Zha Wen , Ren Tong Qun , Li Ming Qiang , Liang Jun Sheng , Liu Chong
Published: May 2015

In this work, a quaternized polysulfone/PTFE/H3PO4composite membrane was prepared and used to a high temperature sustainable proton exchange membrane (HTPEM). This HTPEM was prepared based on a porous PTFE membrane, which can sustainable for 200 °C. Pt/C nano-suspension was prepared and deposited layer-by-layer on the gas diffusion layer (GDL) using electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) deposition technique for the formation of cathode and anode catalyst layers (CLs). The CLs presented well packed and porous features. This EHDA deposited cathode and anode CLs, GDL and HTPEM were assembled to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and high temperature methanol fuel cell (HTMFC). The results showed that low concentration and high flow rate of methanol aqueous solution led to the loss of phosphoric acid on HTPEM, which resulted in the decline of the HTPEM. When the concentration and the flow rate of the methanol aqueous solution was increased and reduced, respectively, the cell can work properly at a temperature of 170 °C.