bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaia EDR3 Parallax Distances to the Great Carina Nebula and Its Star Clusters (Trumpler 14, 15, 16)
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Darling Jeremy , Danforth Charles W.
Published: June 2021

Using offset-corrected Gaia EDR3 parallax measurements and spectrophotometric methods, we have determined distances for 69 massive stars in the Carina OB1 association and associated clusters: Trumpler 16 (21 stars), Trumpler 14 (20 stars), Trumpler 15 (three stars), Bochum 11 (five stars), and South Pillars region (20 stars). Past distance estimates to the Carina Nebula range from 2.2 to 3.6 kpc, with uncertainties arising from photometry and anomalous dust extinction. The EDR3 parallax solutions show considerable improvement over DR2, with typical errors σ

ϖ
/ϖ ≈ 3%–5%. The O-type stars in the Great Carina Nebula lie at essentially the same distance (2.35 ± 0.08 kpc), quoting mean and rms variance. The clusters have distances of 2.32 ± 0.12 kpc (Tr 16), 2.37 ± 0.15 kpc (Tr 14), 2.36 ± 0.09 kpc (Tr 15), and 2.33 ± 0.12 kpc (Bochum 11) in good agreement with the η Car distance of around 2.3 kpc. O-star proper motions suggest internal (3D) velocity dispersions ∼4 km s−1 for Tr 14 and Tr 16. Reliable distances allow estimates of cluster sizes, stellar dynamics, luminosities, and fluxes of photoionizing radiation incident on photodissociation regions in the region. We estimate that Tr 14 and Tr 16 have half-mass radii r
h = 1.5–1.8 pc, stellar crossing times t
cr = r
h/v
m ≈ 0.7–0.8 Myr, and two-body relaxation times t
rh ≈ 40–80 Myr. The underlying velocity dispersion for Tr 14, if a bound cluster, would be

km s−1 for

stars. With the higher dispersions of the O stars, inward drift would occur slowly, on timescales of 3–6 Myr.
KCWI Observations of the Extended Nebulae in Mrk 273
Authors: Leung Gene C. K. , Coil Alison L. , Rupke David S. N. , Perrotta Serena
Published: June 2021

Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) represent a critical stage in the merger-driven evolution of galaxies when active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity is common and AGN feedback is expected. We present high-sensitivity and large field-of-view integral field spectroscopy of the ULIRG Mrk 273 using new data from the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KWCI). The KCWI data capture the complex nuclear region and the two extended nebulae in the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) to ∼20 kpc scales. Kinematics in the nuclear region show a fast, extended, bipolar outflow in the direction of the previously reported nuclear superbubbles spanning ∼5 kpc, two to three times greater than the previously reported size. The larger-scale extended nebulae on ∼20 kpc show fairly uniform kinematics with FWHM ∼ 300 km s−1 in the SW nebula and FWHM ∼ 120 km s−1 in the NE nebula. We detect for the first time high-ionization [Ne v] 3426, [O iii] 4363, and He ii 4684 emission lines in the extended NE nebula. Emission line ratios in the nuclear region correlate with the kinematic structures, with the bipolar outflow and the less collimated “outflow regions” showing distinct line ratio trends. Line ratio diagnostics of high-ionization emission lines reveal a nontrivial contribution from shock plus precursor ionization in the NE nebula and the nuclear region mixed with AGN photoionization. These data are highly constraining for models of cool ionized gas existing 20 kpc from a galactic nucleus.
NGC 5128 Globular Cluster Candidates Out to 150 kpc: A Comprehensive Catalog from Gaia and Ground-based Data*
Authors: Hughes Allison K. , Sand David J. , Seth Anil , Strader Jay , Voggel Karina , Dumont Antoine , Crnojević Denija , Caldwell Nelson , Forbes Duncan A. , Simon Joshua D. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Toloba Elisa
Published: June 2021

We present a new catalog of 40,502 globular cluster (GC) candidates in NGC 5128 out to a projected radius of ∼150 kpc based on data from the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor, the Gaia Data Release 2, and the NOAO Source Catalog. Ranking these candidates based on the likelihood that they are true GCs, we find that approximately 1900 belong to our top two ranking categories and should be the highest priority for spectroscopic follow-up for confirmation. Taking into account our new data and a vetting of previous GC catalogs, we estimate a total GC population of 1450 ± 160 GCs. We show that a substantial number of sources previously argued to be low-velocity GCs are instead foreground stars, reducing the inferred GC velocity dispersion. This work showcases the power of Gaia to identify slightly extended sources at the ∼4 Mpc distance of NGC 5128, enabling accurate identification of GCs throughout the entire extended halo, not just the inner regions that have been the focus of most previous work.
Ultradense Gas Tracked by Unshifted Broad Absorption Lines in a Quasar
Authors: Tian Qiguo , Shi Xiheng , Hao Lei , Zhou Yipeng , Li Zhenzhen , Jiang Peng , Wu Shengmiao , Yang Chenwei , Zhang Shaohua , Zhou Hongyan
Published: June 2021

We present a detailed analysis of the broad absorption line system in the quasar SDSS J122017.06+454941.1, which are clearly detected in hydrogen Lyman series and metal lines, such as C iv, Si iv, Si iii, Al iii, and C ii, with a similar velocity as that of the broad emission lines. We reliably measured the column densities of H i, Al iii, and C ii, and obtained a low limit to Si iv and Si iii. With the help of the photoionization simulations, we found that the absorption gas has a hydrogen number density n
H ≈ 1011.03 cm−3 and a hydrogen column density N
H ≈ 1021.0 cm−2, and is exposed to the radiation with an ionization parameter U ≈ 10−1.25, and thus located the absorber at ∼0.3 pc from the central supermassive black hole, remarkably similar to the radius of the broad-line region (BLR; 0.17–0.84 pc as estimated by the luminosity–radius relation) of the quasar. It is likely that our line of sight may happen to intercept the low-column part of the BLR with a high density similar to that of the inferred value of the absorber. We suggest that detection of Al iii absorption line doublet in moderate quality quasar spectra could be a good indicator of dense gases, provided that the neutral hydrogen column density of the absorber is

.
On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. III. The α-element Abundances*
Authors: Crestani J. , Braga V. F. , Fabrizio M. , Bono G. , Sneden C. , Preston G. , Ferraro I. , Iannicola G. , Nonino M. , Fiorentino G. , Thévenin F. , Lemasle B. , Prudil Z. , Alves-Brito A. , Altavilla G. , Chaboyer B. , Dall’Ora M. , D’Orazi V. , Gilligan C. , Grebel E. K. , Koch-Hansen A. J. , Lala H. , Marengo M. , Marinoni S. , Marrese P. M. , Martínez-Vázquez C. , Matsunaga N. , Monelli M. , Mullen J. P. , Neeley J. , da Silva R. , Stetson P. B. , Salaris M. , Storm J. , Valenti E. , Zoccali M.
Published: June 2021

We provide the largest and most homogeneous sample of α-element (Mg, Ca, Ti) and iron abundances for field RR Lyrae (RRLs; 162 variables) by using high-resolution spectra. The current measurements were complemented with similar abundances available in the literature for 46 field RRLs brought to our metallicity scale. We ended up with a sample of old (t ≥ 10 Gyr), low-mass stellar tracers (208 RRLs: 169 fundamental, 38 first overtone, and 1 mixed mode) covering 3 dex in iron abundance (−3.00 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.24). We found that field RRLs are ∼0.3 dex more α poor than typical halo tracers in the metal-rich regime ([Fe/H] ≥ −1.2), while in the metal-poor regime ([Fe/H] ≤ −2.2) they seem to be on average ∼0.1 dex more α enhanced. This is the first time that the depletion in α elements for solar iron abundances is detected on the basis of a large, homogeneous, and coeval sample of old stellar tracers. Interestingly, we also detected a close similarity in the [α/Fe] trend between α-poor, metal-rich RRLs and red giants (RGs) in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy as well as between α-enhanced, metal-poor RRLs and RGs in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. These results are supported by similar elemental abundances for 46 field horizontal branch stars. These stars share with RRLs the same evolutionary phase and the same progenitors. This evidence further supports the key role that old stellar tracers play in constraining the early chemical enrichment of the halo and, in particular, in investigating the impact that dwarf galaxies have had in the mass assembly of the Galaxy.
Star Formation in Nuclear Rings with the TIGRESS Framework
Authors: Moon Sanghyuk , Kim Woong-Tae , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C.
Published: June 2021

Nuclear rings are sites of intense star formation at the centers of barred galaxies. To understand what determines the structure and star formation rate (SFR;

) of nuclear rings, we run semi-global, hydrodynamic simulations of nuclear rings subject to constant mass inflow rates

. We adopt the TIGRESS framework of Kim & Ostriker to handle radiative heating and cooling, star formation, and related supernova (SN) feedback. We find that the SN feedback is never strong enough to destroy the ring or quench star formation everywhere in the ring. Under the constant

, the ring star formation is very steady and persistent, with the SFR exhibiting only mild temporal fluctuations. The ring SFR is tightly correlated with the inflow rate as

, for a range of

. Within the ring, vertical dynamical equilibrium is maintained, with the midplane pressure (powered by SN feedback) balancing the weight of the overlying gas. The SFR surface density is correlated nearly linearly with the midplane pressure, as predicted by the pressure-regulated, feedback-modulated star formation theory. Based on our results, we argue that the ring SFR is causally controlled by

, while the ring gas mass adapts to the SFR to maintain the vertical dynamical equilibrium under the gravitational field arising from both gas and stars.
Could Switchbacks Originate in the Lower Solar Atmosphere? II. Propagation of Switchbacks in the Solar Corona
Authors: Magyar Norbert , Utz Dominik , Erdélyi Robertus , Nakariakov Valery M.
Published: June 2021

The magnetic switchbacks observed recently by the Parker Solar Probe have raised the question about their nature and origin. One of the competing theories of their origin is the interchange reconnection in the solar corona. In this scenario, switchbacks are generated at the reconnection site between open and closed magnetic fields, and are either advected by an upflow or propagate as waves into the solar wind. In this paper we test the wave hypothesis, numerically modeling the propagation of a switchback, modeled as an embedded Alfvén wave packet of constant magnetic field magnitude, through the gravitationally stratified solar corona with different degrees of background magnetic field expansion. While switchbacks propagating in a uniform medium with no gravity are relatively stable, as reported previously, we find that gravitational stratification together with the expansion of the magnetic field act in multiple ways to deform the switchbacks. These include WKB effects, which depend on the degree of magnetic field expansion, and also finite-amplitude effects, such as the symmetry breaking between nonlinear advection and the Lorentz force. In a straight or radially expanding magnetic field the propagating switchbacks unfold into waves that cause minimal magnetic field deflections, while a super-radially expanding magnetic field aids in maintaining strong deflections. Other important effects are the mass uplift the propagating switchbacks induce and the reconnection and drainage of plasmoids contained within the switchbacks. In the Appendix, we examine a series of setups with different switchback configurations and parameters, which broaden the scope of our study.
The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission
Authors: Guerrero Natalia M. , Seager S. , Huang Chelsea X. , Vanderburg Andrew , Soto Aylin Garcia , Mireles Ismael , Hesse Katharine , Fong William , Glidden Ana , Shporer Avi , Latham David W. , Collins Karen A. , Quinn Samuel N. , Burt Jennifer , Dragomir Diana , Crossfield Ian , Vanderspek Roland , Fausnaugh Michael , Burke Christopher J. , Ricker George , Daylan Tansu , Essack Zahra , Günther Maximilian N. , Osborn Hugh P. , Pepper Joshua , Rowden Pamela , Sha Lizhou , Villanueva Jr. Steven , Yahalomi Daniel A. , Yu Liang , Ballard Sarah , Batalha Natalie M. , Berardo David , Chontos Ashley , Dittmann Jason A. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Jayaraman Rahul , Krishnamurthy Akshata , Louie Dana R. , Mehrle Nicholas , Niraula Prajwal , Rackham Benjamin V. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Rowden Stephen J. L. , Sousa-Silva Clara , Watanabe David , Wong Ian , Zhan Zhuchang , Zivanovic Goran , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Swain Melanie A. , Lund Michael B. , Mullally Susan E. , Fleming Scott W. , Rodriguez David R. , Boyd Patricia T. , Quintana Elisa V. , Barclay Thomas , Colón Knicole D. , Rinehart S. A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Clampin Mark , Jenkins Jon M. , Twicken Joseph D. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Henze Chris , Lissauer Jack J. , Morris Robert L. , Rose Mark E. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Tenenbaum Peter , Ting Eric B. , Wohler Bill , Bakos G. Á. , Bean Jacob L. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Bieryla Allyson , Bouma Luke G. , Buchhave Lars A. , Butler Nathaniel , Charbonneau David , Doty John P. , Ge Jian , Holman Matthew J. , Howard Andrew W. , Kaltenegger Lisa , Kane Stephen R. , Kjeldsen Hans , Kreidberg Laura , Lin Douglas N. C. , Minsky Charlotte , Narita Norio , Paegert Martin , Pál András , Palle Enric , Sasselov Dimitar D. , Spencer Alton , Sozzetti Alessandro , Stassun Keivan G. , Torres Guillermo , Udry Stephane , Winn Joshua N.
Published: June 2021

We present 2241 exoplanet candidates identified with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its 2 yr Prime Mission. We list these candidates in the TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Catalog, which includes both new planet candidates found by TESS and previously known planets recovered by TESS observations. We describe the process used to identify TOIs, investigate the characteristics of the new planet candidates, and discuss some notable TESS planet discoveries. The TOI catalog includes an unprecedented number of small planet candidates around nearby bright stars, which are well suited for detailed follow-up observations. The TESS data products for the Prime Mission (sectors 1–26), including the TOI catalog, light curves, full-frame images, and target pixel files, are publicly available at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
The Ultraviolet Extinction Map and Dust Properties at High Galactic Latitude
Authors: Sun 孙 Mingxu 明旭 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Yuan 苑 Haibo 海波 , Li 李 Jun 军
Published: June 2021

Extinction in ultraviolet is much more significant than in optical or infrared, which can be very informative to precisely measure the extinction and understand the dust properties in the low-extinction areas. The high Galactic latitude sky is such an area, important for studying the extragalactic sky and the universe. Based on the stellar parameters measured by the LAMOST and GALAH spectroscopy and the ultraviolet photometry by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) space telescope, the extinction of 1,244,504 stars in the GALEX/near-UV band and 56,123 stars in the GALEX/far-UV band is calculated precisely. The error of color excess is 0.009, 0.128, and 0.454 mag for

,

, and

, respectively. They delineate the GALEX/near-UV extinction map of about a third of the sky mainly at the high Galactic latitude area with an angular resolution of ∼ 0.°4. The mean color excess ratio in the entire sky area is derived to be 3.25, 2.95, and −0.37 for

,

, and

, respectively, which is in general agreement with the previous works, and their changes with the Galactic latitude and the interstellar extinction are discussed.
Dynamical Effects of Cosmic Rays on the Medium Surrounding Their Sources
Authors: Schroer Benedikt , Pezzi Oreste , Caprioli Damiano , Haggerty Colby , Blasi Pasquale
Published: June 2021

Cosmic rays (CRs) leave their sources mainly along the local magnetic field; in doing so they excite both resonant and nonresonant modes through streaming instabilities. The excitation of these modes leads to enhanced scattering and in turn to a large pressure gradient that causes the formation of bubbles of gas, CRs, and self-generated magnetic fields expanding into the interstellar medium. By means of hybrid particle-in-cell simulations, we show that, by exciting the nonresonant instability, CRs excavate a cavity around their source where the diffusivity is strongly suppressed. This finding invalidates the so far largely adopted flux-tube assumption, under which particles move along magnetic lines even in the nonlinear regime. This phenomenon is general and is expected to occur around any sufficiently powerful CR source in the Galaxy. Our results might provide a physical explanation of the numerous claims of suppressed CR diffusion around Galactic sources such as supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, and stellar clusters.
A Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance of 22.1 ± 1.2 Mpc to the Dark Matter Deficient Galaxy NGC 1052–DF2 from 40 Orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
Authors: Shen Zili , Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter , Abraham Roberto , Brodie Jean P. , Conroy Charlie , Dolphin Andrew E. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Dutta Chowdhury Dhruba
Published: June 2021

The large and diffuse galaxies NGC 1052–DF2 and NGC 1052–DF4 have been found to have very low dark matter content and a population of luminous globular clusters (GCs). Accurate distance measurements are key to interpreting these observations. Recently, the distance to NGC 1052–DF4 was found to be 20.0 ± 1.6 Mpc by identifying the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) in 12 orbits of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging. Here we present 40 orbits of HST ACS data for NGC 1052–DF2 and use these data to measure its TRGB. The TRGB is readily apparent in the color–magnitude diagram. Using a forward model that incorporates photometric uncertainties, we find a TRGB magnitude of m
F814W,TRGB = 27.67 ± 0.10 mag. The inferred distance is D
TRGB = 22.1 ± 1.2 Mpc, consistent with the previous surface brightness fluctuation distances to the bright elliptical galaxy NGC 1052. The new HST distance rules out the idea that some of NGC 1052–DF2's unusual properties can be explained if it were at ∼13 Mpc; instead, it implies that the galaxy’s GCs are even more luminous than had been derived using the previous distance of 20 Mpc. The distance from NGC 1052–DF2 to NGC 1052–DF4 is well-determined at 2.1 ± 0.5 Mpc, significantly larger than the virial diameter of NGC 1052. We discuss the implications for formation scenarios of the galaxies and for the external field effect, which has been invoked to explain the intrinsic dynamics of these objects in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics.
CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION OF MICROSATELLITES AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYPLOID HYBRIDS BY ALLELE DOSAGE EFFECTS IN COBITIS HANKUGENSIS AND IKSOOKIMIA LONGICORPA HYBRID COMPLEX
Authors: YUN Seung-Woon , PARK Jong-Young , Janko Karel
Published: June 2021

Background. During the course of evolution, numerous taxa abandoned canonical sex and reproduced asexually. Examination of the Cobitis hankugensis - Iksookimia longicorpa asexual complex already revealed important evolutionary discoveries tackling phenomena like interspecific hybridization, non-Mendelian inheritance, polyploidy and asexuality. Yet, as in other similar cases, the investigation is hampered by the lack of easily accessible molecular tools for efficient differentiation among genomotypes.

Material and methods. Here, we tested the cross-species amplification of 23 microsatellite markers derived from distantly related species and investigated the extent to which such markers can facilitate the genome identification in non-model hybrid complex.

Results. We found that 21 out of 23 microsatellite markers amplified in all genomotypes. Five of them could be used for easy diagnosticity of parental species and their hybrids due to species-specific amplification profiles. We also noted that three markers, i.e. IC654 and IC783 derived from Cobitis choii and Iko_TTA01 from Iksookimia koreensis, had dosage-sensitive amplification efficiencies of species-specific alleles. This could be further used for reliable differentiation of genome composition in polyploids.

Conclusions. The present study introduces a noninvasive method applicable for diagnosis of ploidy and genome composition of hybrids, which are not clearly distinguished morphologically. We showed that very detailed information may be obtained even from markers developed in distantly related taxa.
Impact of starvation on fat content and microbial load in edible crickets (Acheta domesticus)
Authors: Inácio A.C. , Vågsholm I. , Jansson A. , Vaga M. , Boqvist S. , Fraqueza M.J.
Published: June 2021

Interest in insects as food is increasing worldwide, particularly in industrialised countries. Insect-based ingredients are considered novel foods in Europe and there are unresolved concerns regarding food safety. Microbial counts in insects can be high, posing potential health risks to consumers and possibly causing rapid deterioration by spoilage microorganisms. Gut emptying by starvation prior to killing could reduce the microbial load in the insect gut but could also lead to fat loss and lower energy content, reducing the profitability of production. This study evaluated the microbial load (total aerobic counts (TAC), Enterobacteriaceae) in house crickets (Acheta domesticus) starved for 0 h (control), 24 h, and 48 h, and the corresponding fat losses. The 24 h starvation group showed significantly lower (P=0.004) Enterobacteriaceae counts of one log cfu/g, but not TAC, (compared to the control group). TAC was significantly increased (P=0.002), by almost one log cfu/g in the 48 h starvation group compared with the control. Sex of the insects had no significant effect on microbial numbers (P=0.72 and P=0.46 for TAC and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively). Starvation for 24 h decreased fat content in crickets (P=0.02), indicating potential production losses. This shows that starvation is not an effective method for reducing microbial loads in edible crickets.
Multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions to the fractional Kirchhoff type problems involving sign-changing weight functions
Authors: Yang Jie , Chen Haibo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions to the fractional Kirchhoff type problems involving sign-changing weight functions and concave-convex nonlinearities with subcritical or critical growth. Applying Nehari manifold, fibering maps and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we investigate a relationship between the number of positive solutions and the topology of the global maximum set of \begin{document}$ K $\end{document}.
Development and Parametric Optimisation of Pure Magnesium Matrix Surface Composite by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Singh Balraj , Singh Jagdev , Joshi Ravinder Singh
Published: June 2021

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an emerging method for improving surface properties of materials by composite fabrication. This study aims at optimizing the major FSP parameters and analysis of their real-time influence on the mechanical performance of a surface composite fabricated with Magnesium (Mg) matrix and Titanium Carbide (TiC) as reinforcement. Effects of different process parameters, tool rotational speed, plunge depth, the linear speed of the tool, cooling condition, and number of FSP passes have been examined. Using L27 array, a total of 27 combinations of these process parameters were analyzed by taking microhardness as an output response to find influential parameters by Taguchi's technique. Maximum micro-hardness was achieved when tool rpm of 600, cooling temperature of -10o C, tool feed of 15 mm/min, plunge depth of 0.35 mm, and 3 passes of FSP tool were chosen with the help of Taguchi's method. Analysis of variance indicated that cooling temperature, the tool feed, and the number of passes of the FSP tool were the most significant parameters.
Modeling the Tensile Strengths of Nickel-Based Superalloys at a Wide Range of Isothermal Exposures by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tarasov Dmitry , Tiagunov Andrey , Milder Oleg
Published: June 2021

The nickel-based superalloys are unique high-temperature materials that are applied in gas-turbine engine manufacturing. The superalloys are compositions with complex doping. The master mechanical property of the alloys is the heat resistance, which is depicted by the values of the tensile strength after long isothermal exposures. However, for each superalloy, only certain temperature-time exposure parameters are known. The availability of information on the properties in the entire range of temperatures and holdings would significantly expand the possibilities of the superalloys applications. We have applied the artificial neural network to predict the missing tensile strength values for superalloys based on the chemical composition and the known tensile test conditions. The additional data preprocessing and the bootstrap have improved the model performance. A comparison of the modeled and the real experimental data has shown their convergence. The model verification has been carried out on the set of 10 common cast superalloys.
Lossy Titanite-Based Ceramics with Nominal Compositions CaTi1-xMySiO 5 (0 ≦ X, Y ≦ 1, M = Mn, Sn, Zr, Nb) Applicable to Millimeter Electromagnetic Wave Absorber
Authors: Higashida Yutaka , Ando Minato
Published: June 2021

The titanite-based ceramics with nominal composition CaTi1-xMySiO5 (0≦x≦1, M = Mn, Sn, Zr (y = x), and M = Nb (y = 4x/5)) in which part x of Ti sites are replaced by several kinds of atoms had remarkable increase in both the real and imaginary parts of complex relative permittivity around x = 0.0125~0.1 compared with those of pure titanite CaTiSiO5 ( x = 0) at 70 GHz. Real part varied from 3 to 43, and the imaginary part from 0 to 12 (tangent delta from 0 to 0.28). No reflection condition is fulfilled for M = Zr when x = 0.05, d/λ0 =0.042, and for M = Nb in both cases when 0 < x < 0.0125, d/λ0 = 0.05 and 0.1 <x < 0.2, d/λ0 =0.042, where d is thickness of the plate sample and λ0 is the wavelength of incident electromagnetic wave. The dominant dielectric dispersion may occur due to difference of ionic polarization between Ti4+ ions and Mn4+, Sn4+, Zr4+, or Nb5+ ions relative to O2- ions, which becomes inactive and saturates around x = 0.0125~0.05. From the measurement of the lattice parameters, a, b, c, and the angle β, characterizing monoclinic crystal structure, this saturation may have close correlation with some structural rearrangement of constituting atoms, Ti and substituted M atoms in CaTi1-xMySiO5
IL-7 and IL-15 Levels Reflect the Degree of T Cell Depletion during Lymphopenia and Are Associated with an Expansion of Effector Memory T Cells after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kielsen Katrine , Oostenbrink Lisa V. E. , von Asmuth Erik G. J. , Jansen-Hoogendijk Anja M. , van Ostaijen-ten Dam Monique M. , Ifversen Marianne , Heilmann Carsten , Schilham Marco W. , van Halteren Astrid G. S. , Bredius Robbert G. M. , Lankester Arjan C. , Jol-van der Zijde Cornelia M. , van Tol Maarten J. D. , Müller Klaus
Published: June 2021

Differentially and functionally distinct T cell subsets are involved in the development of complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about factors regulating their recovery after HSCT. In this study, we investigated associations between immune-regulating cytokines, T cell differentiation, and clinical outcomes. We included 80 children undergoing allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia using bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells grafted from a matched sibling or unrelated donor. Cytokines (IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, SCF, IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-α) and active anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) levels were longitudinally measured along with extended T cell phenotyping. The cytokine profiles showed a temporary rise in IL-7 and IL-15 during lymphopenia, which was strongly dependent on exposure to active ATG. High levels of IL-7 and IL-15 from graft infusion to day +30 were predictive of slower T cell recovery during the first 2 mo post-HSCT; however, because of a major expansion of memory T cell stages, only naive T cells remained decreased after 3 mo (p < 0.05). No differential effect was seen on polarization of CD4+ T cells into Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells or regulatory T cells. Low levels of IL-7 and IL-15 at day +14 were associated with acute graft-versus-host disease grades II–IV in ATG-treated patients (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Children with IL-7 levels comparable to healthy controls at day +14 post-HSCT were less likely to develop EBV reactivation posttransplant. These findings suggest that quantification of IL-7 and IL-15 may be useful as biomarkers in assessing the overall T cell depletion and suggest a potential for predicting complications after HSCT.
Mouse IL-2/CD25 Fusion Protein Induces Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Immune Suppression in Preclinical Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Xie Jenny H , Zhang Yifan , Loubeau Martine , Mangan Paul , Heimrich Elizabeth , Tovar Christian , Zhou Xiadi , Madia Priyanka , Doyle Michael , Dudhgaonkar Shailesh , Rudra Anjuman , Subramani Siva , Young James , Salter-Cid Luisa , Malek Thomas R , Struthers Mary
Published: June 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an IL-2–deficient state, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) showing diminished immune regulatory capacity. A low dose of IL-2 has shown encouraging clinical benefits in SLE patients; however, its clinical utility is limited because of the requirement of daily injections and the observation of increase in proinflammatory cytokines and in non-Tregs. We recently showed that a fusion protein of mouse IL-2 and mouse IL-2Rα (CD25), joined by a noncleavable linker, was effective in treating diabetes in NOD mice by selectively inducing Treg expansion. In this report, we show that mouse IL-2 (mIL-2)/CD25 at doses up to 0.5 mg/kg twice a week induced a robust Treg expansion without showing signs of increase in the numbers of NK, CD4+Foxp3−, or CD8+ T cells or significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines. In both NZB × NZW and MRL/lpr mice, mIL-2/CD25 at 0.2–0.4 mg/kg twice a week demonstrated efficacy in inducing Treg expansion, CD25 upregulation, and inhibiting lupus nephritis based on the levels of proteinuria, autoantibody titers, and kidney histology scores. mIL-2/CD25 was effective even when treatment was initiated at the time when NZB × NZW mice already showed signs of advanced disease. Furthermore, we show coadministration of prednisolone, which SLE patients commonly take, did not interfere with the ability of mIL-2/CD25 to expand Tregs. The prednisolone and mIL-2/CD25 combination treatment results in improvements in most of the efficacy readouts relative to either monotherapy alone. Taken together, our results support further evaluation of IL-2/CD25 in the clinic for treating immune-mediated diseases such as SLE.
الـتَّظـَـنِّي دراسة أصولية تطبيقية عن الظَّن: منشأه ومكانته في الاستدلال الشرعي
Authors: د. فَيصل بن داوُد المعلِّم د. فَيصل بن داوُد المعلِّم
Published: June 2021

. عنوان البحث: "التَّظَنِّي: دراسة أصولية تطبيقية عن الظن، منشأه ومكانته في الاستدلال الشرعي" اسم الباحث: د. فيصل بن داود بن سليمان المعلم مشكلة البحث وأهدافه: يهدف البحث للإجابة على التساؤلات التالية: • هل الأدلة الشرعية توصِل إلى العلم والقطع؟ أو غاية ما يطلب منها الوصول الظن؟ • هل يجوز للمسلم العمل بالظن؟ أم يجب عليه تحصيل العلم واليقين والتحرز عن تجشّم العمل بالظن؟ • إذا أجزنا العمل بالظن، فهل ذلك جائز في كل باب وحين؟ أم يجوز في بعض الأبواب والمسائل دون غيرها؟ خطة البحث: تنتظم خطة البحث في: مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة. فالمقدمة حوت: خطة البحث ومنهجه. ثم التمهيد وفيه: مطلبان عن حقيقة الإدراك ومراتبه. ثم المبحث الأول: عن منشأ الظن ومكانته في الاستدلال الشرعي، تحدثت في مطالبه الستة عن حقيقة الظن واستعمالاته في الخطاب الشرعي، وعن أسباب ورود الظن على الأدلة السمعية، ثم أصلت مشروعية الاستلال بالظن في الشريعة الإسلامية، وحررت محل النزاع وختمت ذلك بالترجيح. وأما المبحث الثاني: فقد ذكرت فيه تطبيقات على القاعدة، قسمتها على مطلبين: الأول: تطبيقات أصولية، والثاني: تطبيقات فقهية.
المسؤولية الاجتماعية كمتغير وسيط في العلاقة بين التشوهات المعرفية والتمرد النفسي لدي عينة من طالبات الجامعة
Authors: رضية محمد حميد الدين رضية محمد حميد الدين
Published: June 2021

. يٌمكّن الأداء المعرفي الطبيعي الأفراد من ضمان الأداء الدقيق لعمليات التفكير المختلفة بما في ذلك تلقي واختيار وتحويل وتخزين واسترجاع المعلومات التي تساعد الشخص على لاستجابة للعالم. على الرغم من أن هذه الاستجابة قد تكون متحيزة بسبب التشوهات المعرفية، إلا أن هذه التشوهات قد تكون محمية من خلال التمرد النفسي - وهو ميل لحماية الحريات الشخصية التي يُنظر إليها على أنها تُنتزع بالقوة، قد تشكل هاتان الظاهرتان أرضًا خصبة لتطوير الأمراض النفسية المختلفة، مما يبرز أهمية فهم علاقتهما. في ضوء ما سبق تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى تحديد العلاقة بين التشوهات المعرفية والتمرد النفسي مع دراسة تأثير المسؤولية الاجتماعية كمتغير وسيط في العلاقة بينهما. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (328) طالبة جامعية سعودية من خلفيات ثقافية واقتصادية واجتماعية متنوعة، متوسط أعمارهن 21.24 عاماً. أظهرت النتائج انه يمكن التنبؤ بالتمرد النفسي من خلال التشوهات المعرفية، وأن الالتزام الاجتماعي كأحد أبعاد المسؤولية الاجتماعية يتوسط العلاقة بين التشوهات المعرفية والتمرد النفسي، أوصت الدراسة بإجراء مزيد من الدراسات على عينات أكثر تمثيلا قبل تعميم هذه النتائج.
Notas sobre as contribuições de festas comunitárias para a construção identitária em uma região de Orlândia-SP
Authors: Pereira Bruno César
Published: June 2021

Este estudo propõe realizar uma análise acerca da potencialidade de duas festas comunitárias na construção de uma certa identidade no extremo-leste do município de Orlândia, localizado na região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Nossa proposta busca identificar em como estes dois eventos comunitários, a Festa Junina da Travessa X e a Quermesse de Santa Rita, ao longo das últimas três décadas, forjaram a identidade de “morador local” nesta região (que corresponde aos bairros Jardim Santa Rita e Conjunto Habitacional José Vieira Brasão).
Incidencia del COVID – 19 en pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes de Chile y la autogestión comunitaria
Authors: Campos Luis , Chambeaux Javiera , Espinoza Claudio
Published: June 2021

En este artículo presentamos la síntesis de una investigación que se llevó a cabo durante la primera ola de la pandemia en Chile y tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de los impactos del Covid-19 en los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes, focalizando en las respuestas que se han dado desde sus propias organizaciones tradicionales y desde su cosmovisión. Lo anterior ha puesto de manifiesto que cuando falta la acción estatal los pueblos indígenas tienen un alto grado de autogestión basado en sus propias formas culturales.
Presentación - Dossier Pueblos originarios y COVID-19
Authors: Engelman Garreta Juan Manuel , Schmidt Mariana , Hecht Ana Carolina
Published: June 2021

La rápida expansión del COVID-19 desde inicios del año 2020 ha tenido un fuerte impacto sobre la vida diaria y la organización sanitaria, escolar, política y económica de las sociedades en su conjunto. A partir de una mirada regional, el presente Dossier se pregunta por las transformaciones cotidianas protagonizadas por familias y comunidades indígenas durante las medidas de aislamiento social implementadas por los Estados nacionales en América Latina. La problemática sanitaria y ambiental vinculada a la emergencia y transmisión de enfermedades no es novedosa y suele impactar de modo dramático en las poblaciones originarias, históricamente afectadas por desigualdades en el acceso al sistema de salud y cuyos territorios han sido sistemáticamente degradados y contaminados. No obstante, el contexto de aislamiento obligatorio ha venido a reforzar y/o resignificar injusticias preexistentes, afectando los modos de producción y reproducción de la vida de las familias y comunidades indígenas, tanto en ámbitos rurales como urbanos. Convocamos a contribuciones que propongan una mirada reflexiva acerca de los principales desafíos de la pandemia en contextos indígenas. Nos interesa atender no solo a la cuestión sanitaria sino también (y principalmente) a sus impactos en otras dimensiones de la existencia social: el ámbito educativo y/o escolar, el laboral, la conflictividad ambiental y territorial, las violencias cotidianas, entre tantos otros ejes de análisis posible. Se busca focalizar en el surgimiento de nuevas demandas y conflictos al calor de la crisis sanitaria, a fin de destacar la complejidad y heterogeneidad de actores que acompañan la definición de estrategias organizativas. El horizonte es que tales análisis nos permitan avizorar ciertas experiencias y lógicas comunitarias que operan como fortalezas para hacer frente a este complicado y sorpresivo escenario, y puedan ofrecer(nos) aprendizajes y alternativas de mundo posibles.
Choice of pharmacy, professional perceptions, and career plans of students in three Nigerian schools of pharmacy
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Mosanya Adaobi Uchenna , Enwereakuh Ugonna Augustine , Ma'aji Hadiza Usman , Ukoha-Kalu Onyinye Blessing , Ibezim Isaac Chijioke , Anene-Okeke Chigozie Gloria , Ubaka Chukwuemeka Michael
Published: June 2021

Background: A progressive increase in the number of students admitted to study pharmacy in Nigeria has not been met with sufficient documented evidence of their preferences and motivations. Studies on this would aid in designing a programme that matches student expectations, whilst maintaining regulatory requirements.
Aim: This study evaluated students’ preferences in wanting to study pharmacy, perceptions of the profession and career choice.
Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among students of all study years across three Nigerian Schools of Pharmacy after obtaining approval from their managements. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The response rate of the study was 87.5%. Most students from the three universities reported a preference for pharmacy as their first choice of course: 733 (86.0%) for University of Nigeria (UNN), 66 (71.7%) for Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) and 48 (45.3%) for Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). The students’ mean perception of pharmacy was 77.6±13.5%. However, 69.1% (UNN), 64.1% (NAU) and 59.4% (ESUT) students preferred academic pharmacy to other practice areas in pharmacy.
Conclusions: Pharmacy was the preferred course of choice for most students currently enrolled in the programme. The students had generally positive perceptions towards the profession.
The concepts and types of measures of state coercion: a comparative analysis of the concepts of the pre-revolutionary and modern periods
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, Koloskov A.M.
Published: June 2021

The article examines various approaches to defining the concept of state coercion and classifying its measures. An attempt is made to perform a comparative analysis of the views of Russian jurists at the beginning of the 20th century and the ideas of modern Russian scientists about the typology of measures of state coercion; common and distinctive features in the views of modern researchers are considered.
Some theoretical aspects of the criminalization of preparatory actions
Authors:   University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, AGASIEV E.G.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the actual problems of the criminalization of preparatory actions. According to the authors opinion in Russia there are three forms of state response to preparations for committing a crime: failure to bring a person to justice due to the absence or insignificance of public danger; bringing to responsibility for preparation as the initial stage of a completed crime for grave and especially grave crimes; bringing a person to responsibility for preparatory actions that form an independent completed crime. It is concluded that based on the positive foreign experience it is necessary to make changes to the domestic criminal legislation, in particular to criminalize crimes of average gravity
Analisis Biaya Pengobatan Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner Dengan Penyakit Penyerta Di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Dwi Wahyu Nugroho Ikhwan , Pingky Sukmawati Lilian , Yana Utami Tri Fitri
Published: June 2021

Adanya keterkaitan Penyakit Jantung Koroner(PJK) dengan faktor resiko dan penyakit penyerta menyebabkan kompleksnya terapi yang diberikan sehingga membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  profil penggunaan obat, profil biaya pengobatan dan hubungan biaya pengobatan dengan jumlah penggunaan obat kardiovaskular pada pasien PJK di instalasi rawat jalan RS X periode bulan Januari – Desember 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan metode cross sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif terhadap 55 data rekam medik pasien PJK rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan esklusi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik pasien PJK menunjukkan jumlah pasien laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan yaitu sebesar 51 pasien (92,7%) dan jumlah pasien terbanyak pada kelompok usia 56 – 65 tahun sebesar 35 pasien (63,6%). Penyakit hipertensi merupakan penyakit penyerta terbanyak yang ditemukan pada 28 pasien (51,0%) dan 6 – 10 jenis obat diresepkan pada 24 pasien (43,6%). Total biaya terapi penggunaan obat kardiovaskular pada seluruh pasien penyakit jantung koroner dengan penyakit penyerta selama menjalani rawat jalan di RS X sebesar Rp 35.367.890 dengan penggunaan obat paling banyak pengeluarannya yaitu clopidogrel sebesar Rp 8.567.307 dan obat paling sedikit yang digunakan adalah captopril sebesar Rp 224. Adanya hubungan yang kuat antara biaya pengobatan yang dikeluarkan dengan jumlah penggunaan obat kardiovaskular.
Optimasi Formula Nanoemulsi Gel Ekstrak Buah Bakau Hitam (Rhizophora Mucronatalamk.) Dengan Variasi Gelling Agent Hpmc, Carbopol 940 Dan Viscolam Mac 10
Authors: Inda Setiawati Meliana , Issusilaningtyas Elisa , Setiyabudi Lulu
Published: June 2021

Buah bakau hitam (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.) mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dengan komponen aktifnya adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, fenol hidroquinon, dan tanin. Dalam penelitian ini dipilih sediaan nanoemulgel sebagai kosmetik untuk antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui komposisi optimum campuran gelling agent untuk menghasilkan nanoemulgel ekstrak buah bakau hitam yang memenuhi sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik. Optimasi menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) dengan variasi gelling agent menggunakan HPMC, Carbopol 940 dan Viscolam MAC 10 yang diperoleh sebanyak empat belas formula, dengan karakteristik fisik organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, viskositas dan stabilitas fisik perubahan viskositas dengan metode freeze thaw. Data dinalisis menggunakan simplex design expert 10.0.1 dan uji t serta deskriptif. Hasil formulasi optimum campuran gelling agent untuk menghasilkan nanoemulgel ekstrak buah bakau hitam yang memenuhi sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik adalah nanoemulgel pada formula VI, dan pada hasil penentuan formula optimum nanoemulgel ekstrak buah bakau hitam diperoleh dengan campuran HPMC 0,024%, carbopol 940 0,38% dan viscolam MAC 10 0,59%. Dengan nilai respon yang diperoleh untuk evaluasi dengan daya sebar 2,21 cm, viskositas 49043,2 Cps dan perubahan viskositas 579,3 Cps.
Evaluation of Safety Climate and its associated factors in Base Hospital Avissawella
Authors: Jayalath Munasinghage Priyanwada , Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda , Dharmagunawardene Dilantha
Published: June 2021

The safety climate is “the summary of molar perceptions that employees share about their work environments” and associated with several factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among a randomly selected sample of medical officers (n= 109) and nursing officers (n=193) to evaluate the safety climate and its associated factors in Base Hospital Avissawella Sri Lanka. Among the six safety climate dimensions personal protective and engineering control equipment availability (mean=3.94, SD=0.67) was perceived at the highest level. The lowest scored perceptual dimension was absence of job hindrances (mean=3.27, SD=0.83).  Among the respondents 219 (83.5%) had at least one exposure incident. There is no significant relationship between job category and workplace exposure incidents (p= 0.388).  Only 28.3% (n=62) had reported about their injuries. Only 60.7% (n=159) were strictly compliant to safe work practices and the compliance of nursing officers was better than of medical officers (p=0.000). The safety climate had a negative association with workplace exposure incidents (OR< 1.0) and a positive association with compliance to safe work practices. (OR>1.0). The respondents had negative perceptions about some of the safety climate dimensions.  Workplace exposure incidents were common and the reporting behavior about injuries was poor among both categories of staff, but comparatively the nursing officers were better. Majority were “Strict compliant” to the safe work practices and compliance was better among nursing officers. Safety climate was negatively associated with exposure incidents and positively with the compliance. The hospital managers should pay more attention on safety of employees, provide adequate training opportunities on occupational safety and encourage employees’ reporting behavior.
Theoretical-practical bases of high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Tsaturyan Avetis
Published: June 2021

This is a training manual on theoretical-practical bases of high-performance liquid chromatography for YSU Institute of Pharmacy Pharmacy students studying Pharmaceutical Chemistry (for laboratory and independent work). The manual presents the theory of the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the principles of quantitative-qualitative identification of compounds, a number of other indicators related to liquid chromatography. Laboratory experiments are presented to help students to consolidate and test the acquired knowledge.
Industrial production of galenic and new galenic preparations
Authors: Dadayan Ani
Published: June 2021

The manual is intended for students of "Pharmacy", "Pharmaceutical Chemistry" specialties of YSU Institute of Pharmacy. It corresponds to the curriculum of the subject of armtechnology (factory) and is intended for the organization of laboratory work. The educational manual presents the general characteristics of galenic and new galenic medicines, modern methods of industrial production, at the end of each topic are test tasks and situational problems. It will contribute to the strengthening of students' theoretical knowledge and experimental skills on the topic of galenic and new galenic medicines.