bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Armstrong Peter J. , Chapagain Sashil , Panta Rojita , Grapperhaus Craig , Druffel Thad
Published: September 2023

Cyclic relationship between particle synthesis, ink formulation, and performance of nanoparticles.
Multicolor colorimetric detection of dopamine based on iodide-responsive copper–gold nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Yufeng , Peng Minjie , Wu Aiguo , Zhang Yujie
Published: September 2023

Multicolor colorimetric detection of dopamine (DA) based on iodide-responsive copper–gold nanoparticles was established with excellent selectivity and interference immunity. The LOD for DA is 0.142 μM for UV-vis absorption spectroscopy.
A ratiometric radio-photoluminescence dosimeter based on a radical excimer for X-ray detection
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Ma Jingqi , Yang Junpu , Hou Huiliang , Lu Jiacheng , Wang Jian-Qiang , Wang Yaxing , Lin Jian
Published: September 2023

Deliberately blending of tpc− and pba− ligands with the hexanuclear Th4+ cores has given rise to a new radio-photoluminescence nanocluster, which exhibits a fluorochromic response toward ionizing radiation via the formation of a radical-excimer.
Formal (4+2) cycloaddition of azoalkenes with trifluoromethylimidoyl sulfoxonium ylides: synthesis of trifluoromethyl pyridazine derivatives
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Shan-Shan , Xiao Jun , He Yu-Jie , Wu Xin-Yan , Li Xingguang , Liu Pei-Nian
Published: September 2023

A transition-metal-free formal (4+2) cycloaddition of azoalkenes with trifluoromethylimidoyl sulfoxonium ylides has been achieved to afford trifluoromethylpyridazines.
Emerging porous solids and sonochemistry
Authors: Koo Seyoung , Kang Dong Won
Published: September 2023

This review provides a comprehensive overview of emerging porous materials and their sonochemical applications.
NaGdF4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline: an in-depth study of energy transfer processes and Judd–Ofelt analysis using the luminescence excitation spectrum
Authors: Van Do Phan , Ca Nguyen Xuan , Thanh Luong Duy , Quan Dang Dinh , Hung Nguyen Manh , Tien Du Pham , Thi Huong Nguyen , Anh Doan Tuan
Published: September 2023

Energy level scheme for Gd3+ and Eu3+ ions and energy transfer process from Gd3+ to Eu3+ and between Eu3+ ions.
First-principles study on small polaron and Li diffusion in layered LiCoO2
Authors: Ahn Seryung , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Bongjae , Kim Sooran
Published: September 2023

Li-ion diffusion with polaron is energetically favored in LixCoO2 despite polaron raising the barrier of Li migration.
Magnetic field improves ozone production in an atmospheric pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge: understanding the physico-chemical mechanism behind low energy consumption
Authors: Zhou Xiong-Feng , Yang Ming-Hao , Xiang Hong-Fu , Geng Wen-Qiang , Liu Kun
Published: September 2023

Revealing the physico-chemical mechanism of magnetic field coupled with parameters to save energy and reduce consumption to improve O3 generation.
Differential Shannon entropies and correlation measures for Born–Oppenheimer electron–nuclear dynamics: numerical results and their analytical interpretation
Authors: Schürger Peter , Engel Volker
Published: September 2023

The displayed exact electron–nuclear probability density in the Born–Oppenheimer product form resembles a Gaussian in the electronic (r) and nuclear (R) coordinates. This allows to determine entropies and correlation measures analytically.
Analysis of the bonding in tetrahedrane and phosphorus-substituted tetrahedranes
Authors: Del Angel Cruz Daniel , Galvez Vallejo Jorge L. , Gordon Mark S.
Published: September 2023

The bonding structures of tetrahedrane, phosphatetrahedrane, diphosphatetrahedrane and triphosphatetrahedrane are studied by employing an intrinsic quasi-atomic orbital analysis.
Coronene: a model for ultrafast dynamics in graphene nanoflakes and PAHs
Authors: Martín Santa Daría Alberto , González-Sánchez Lola , Gómez Sandra
Published: September 2023

Quantum wavepackets are propagated on the excited states of coronene and circumcoronene in the UV-VIS range to study their time evolution. In the figure, the simulated absorption spectra of both systems over the cathedral of the city of Salamanca.
Conformational equilibria and interaction preference in the complex of isoprene–maleic anhydride
Authors: Gao Tianyue , Lei Juncheng , Zou Siyu , Wang Chenxu , Xu Xuefang , Gou Qian
Published: September 2023

The rotational spectrum of the isoprene–maleic anhydride complex has been investigated by pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and interpreted with complementary quantum chemical calculations.
Efflorescence kinetics of sodium carbonate decahydrate: a universal description as a function of temperature, degree of reaction, and water vapor pressure
Authors: Hotta Mito , Zushi Yuto , Iwasaki Shun , Fukunaga Shunsuke , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: September 2023

The kinetics of the efflorescence of sodium carbonate decahydrate to form its monohydrate is universally described as a function of temperature, degree of reaction, and water vapor pressure.
Synergy between plasmonic nanocavities and random lasing modes: a tool to dequench plasmon quenched fluorophore emission
Authors: Yadav Renu , Pal Sourabh , Jana Subhajit , Roy Shuvajit , Debnath Kapil , Ray Samit K. , Brundavanam Maruthi M. , Bhaktha B. N. Shivakiran
Published: September 2023

Dequenching of the plasmon quenched fluorophore emission via the synergy of random lasing modes and spectral overlap optimized plasmonic nanocavities.
Ionic liquids revolutionizing biomedicine: recent advances and emerging opportunities
Authors: Hu Yanhui , Xing Yuyuan , Yue Hua , Chen Tong , Diao Yanyan , Wei Wei , Zhang Suojiang
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the recent advances and emerging opportunities of ionic liquids in biomedicine based on their intrinsic advantages and potentials.
Enhanced ammonia selectivity on electrochemical nitrate reduction: Cu–Ni metal–organic frameworks with tandem active sites for cascade catalysis
Authors: Yan Jianyue , Li Jiawen , Liu Peng , Huang Hao , Song Wenbo
Published: September 2023

A Cu–Ni metal–organic framework is proposed as a cascade catalyst to eliminate the nitrite product in nitrate reduction, providing an effective route for high-value green ammonia synthesis.
CO2 promoted photoredox/Ni-catalyzed semi-reduction of alkynes with H2O
Authors: Chen Shenhao , Xi Chanjuan
Published: September 2023

CO2-promoted photoredox/Ni dual catalyzed semi-reduction of alkynes with water has been developed, which provides a method for the synthesis of Z-alkenes in high yields with high stereoselectivity under mild conditions.
Stable and efficient planar Cu/Cu2O film catalysts
Authors: Yan Junfeng , Meng Xu
Published: September 2023

A simple and general approach to making planar metal-based thin film catalysts via the electrochemical reduction of copper ions in solution has been established.
Impact of operation voltage and NH3 annealing on the fatigue characteristics of ferroelectric AlScN thin films grown by sputtering
Authors: Kim Kyung Do , Lee Yong Bin , Lee Suk Hyun , Lee In Soo , Ryoo Seung Kyu , Byun Seung Yong , Lee Jae Hoon , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: September 2023

This work investigates the impact of the switching ratio and NH3 annealing on the fatigue characteristics of AlScN thin film.
Novel 2D carbon material T-graphene supported 3d transition metal single atoms as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts
Authors: Jiang Run , Qiao Zelong , Xu Haoxiang , Cao Dapeng
Published: September 2023

We propose a novel single atom catalyst structure with weaker adsorption ability than traditional graphene single atoms, and reveal the structure-property relationship to help researchers achieve quick screening of ORR catalysts.
Bridging the gap: harnessing liquid nanomachine know-how for tackling harmful airborne particulates
Authors: Kuzin Aleksei , Chen Guoxiang , Zhu Fenyang , Gorin Dmitry , Mohan Brij , Choudhury Udit , Cui Jizhai , Modi Krunal , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng , Solovev Alexander A.
Published: September 2023

Utilizing the capabilities of "nanomotors," "nanomachines," and "nanorobotics" can revolutionize air purification, transitioning from passive approaches to intelligent, active nanoscale control systems.
GSH/pH dual response drug delivery system for photothermal enhanced gene-immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Tiantian , Li Wen , Ye Jingtao , Huang Chenchen , Li Yang , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun
Published: September 2023

GSH/pH dual-responsive nanoparticles was used for gene-photothermal synergistic therapy to cause cell immunogenic death and induce anti-tumor immune response.
An Fe3O4 based hole transport bilayer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Qureshi Akbar Ali , Schütz Emilia R. , Javed Sofia , Schmidt-Mende Lukas , Fakharuddin Azhar
Published: September 2023

Insertion of a thin inorganic Fe3O4 layer between perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD improves charge extraction and device efficiency and also boosts device shelf-life stability.
Rear textured p-type high temperature passivating contacts and their implementation in perovskite/silicon tandem cells
Authors: Walter Arnaud , Kamino Brett A. , Moon Soo-Jin , Wyss Patrick , Diaz Leon Juan J. , Allebé Christophe , Descoeudres Antoine , Nicolay Sylvain , Ballif Christophe , Jeangros Quentin , Ingenito Andrea
Published: September 2023

High temperature passivating p-type contacts on textured surfaces with iVOC up to 725 mV and contact resistance below 90 mΩ cm2. 28.25% tandem PK/c-Si solar cells rear side textured with high temperature passivating contacts.
A multivariate natural gas load forecasting method based on residual recurrent neural network
Authors: Ni Xueqing , Yang Dongsheng , Qin Jia , Wang Xin
Published: September 2023

Current natural gas load forecasting encounters with the conundrum of unsatisfying accuracy and interpretability. To address the challenge, a multi‐variate forecasting method is proposed, which contains three phases: First, an integrate history‐climate‐holiday factor set is established to provide multi‐perspective for a more explainable forecast; Second, factor fusion interaction between features and instances is carried out based on hierarchical contrastive learning, which contributes to inter‐intra factors potential relationships exploration. Third, a multivariate forecasting model named ResRNN is trained using fused target dataset. Due to its innovation in structure and loss, forecasting accuracy is further improved. Finally, the authors’ method's superiority is confirmed by several groups of comparative experiments and results demonstrate that it outperforms mainstream methods.
A high throughput pseudo‐random number generator driven by four‐dimensional discrete hyper‐chaotic system
Authors: Li Shouliang , Wu Ye , Gao Letian , Li Tangyan , Zhang Qibin , Shen Yulin , Yang Zhen
Published: September 2023

Pseudo‐random number generators (PRNGs) are the cornerstone of various fields including computer science, cryptography, and scientific simulation. To generate high‐quality and unpredictable pseudo‐random sequences, many works draw attention to the use of chaos theory and dynamical systems. However, most of them focus on continuous or low‐dimensional chaotic systems with strong temporal correlations or insufficient nonlinear dynamics. Thus, in this study, a new PRNG based on a four‐dimensional discrete system is proposed to solve the aforementioned flaws. The PRNG has been implemented on Xilinx Artix‐7 xc7a100tfgg484‐2, which can generate pseudo‐random sequences at a high speed of 12811.53 Mb/s without additional post‐processing. All these sequences have successfully passed the NIST SP800.22 standard test. Both throughput and randomness quality of the proposed PRNG outperform the state‐of‐the‐art.
Multi‐stage stochastic dual dynamic programming to low‐carbon economic dispatch for power systems with flexible carbon capture and storage devices
Authors: Zhang Xiaosheng , Liu Zesan , Ding Tao , Zhang Hongji , Siano Pierluigi , Meng Hongmin , Zhu Chao
Published: September 2023

The carbon capture and storage (CCS) technique gains much attention due to its role in reducing CO2 emissions. By introducing flexible CCS devices into conventional power plants, the low‐carbon economic operation of the power system can be achieved. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy makes it hard to obtain an optimal operation policy. First, the detailed model of CCS consisting of bypass venting stacks, solvent storage tanks, absorber, and stripper is described. Then, a low‐carbon economic dispatch model of the power system with CCS is proposed to minimize the total operation and renewable energy abandonment penalty costs. Next, the problem is reformulated as multi‐stage stochastic programming, and the stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) method is applied to relieve the computation burden. To control the probability of stopping the algorithm prematurely, a new stopping criterion based on a two‐sided hypothesis test is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the new stopping criterion is demonstrated by case studies on a practical power system.
Corrected complex torque coefficient method for synchronization stability analysis of grid‐connected VSC
Authors: Zhao Boyuan , Chen Lei , Min Yong , Li Yalou , Xu Shiyun
Published: September 2023

Sub‐synchronous oscillation of grid‐connected voltage source converter (VSC) dominated by phase locked loop (PLL) is an important stability issue in nowadays power systems. The complex torque coefficient method has been used to investigate the issue because of its advantage of giving insights into source of damping and contributions of different components on damping. However, it is found that the classic complex torque coefficient method is not entirely applicable for stability analysis of VSC because of the proportional term in PLL. This paper proposes a corrected complex torque coefficient method and defines synchronous and damping coefficients. Based on the proposed method, a small‐signal stability criterion is obtained, in which the system stability depends on the sign of corrected damping coefficient. The impacts of different elements on system damping can be quantitatively evaluated through the method. It is drawn that current control loop and line dynamics contribute negative damping, whereas power control loop contributes positive damping. Moreover, the impacts of operating conditions and controller parameters on damping of different elements are analysed. The eigenvalue analyses and electromagnetic transient simulations have verified the theoretical analysis.
The regularised inertial Dean–Kawasaki equation: discontinuous Galerkin approximation and modelling for low-density regime
Authors: Cornalba Federico , Shardlow Tony
Published: September 2023

The Regularised Inertial Dean–Kawasaki model (RIDK) – introduced by the authors and J. Zimmer in earlier works – is a nonlinear stochastic PDE capturing fluctuations around the meanfield limit for large-scale particle systems in both particle density and momentum density. We focus on the following two aspects. Firstly, we set up a Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretisation scheme for the RIDK model: we provide suitable definitions of numerical fluxes at the interface of the mesh elements which are consistent with the wave-type nature of the RIDK model and grant stability of the simulations, and we quantify the rate of convergence in mean square to the continuous RIDK model. Secondly, we introduce modifications of the RIDK model in order to preserve positivity of the density (such a feature only holds in a “high-probability sense” for the original RIDK model). By means of numerical simulations, we show that the modifications lead to physically realistic and positive density profiles. In one case, subject to additional regularity constraints, we also prove positivity. Finally, we present an application of our methodology to a system of diffusing and reacting particles. Our Python code is available in open-source format.
Approximation of the invariant distribution for a class of ergodic SDEs with one-sided Lipschitz continuous drift coefficient using an explicit tamed Euler scheme
Authors: Brehier Charles-Edouard
Published: September 2023

We study the behavior in a large time regime of an explicit tamed Euler-Maruyama scheme applied to a class of ergodic Ito stochastic differential equations with one-sided Lipschitz continuous drift coefficient and bounded globally Lipschitz diffusion coefficient. Our first main contribution is to prove moments for the numerical scheme, which, on the one hand, are uniform with respect to the time-step size, and which, on the other hand, may not be uniform but have at most polynomial growth with respect to time. Our second main contribution is to apply this result to obtain weak error estimates to quantify the error to approximate averages with respect to the invariant distribution of the continuous-time process, as a function of the time-step size and of the time horizon. The explicit tamed Euler scheme is shown to be computationally effective for the approximation of the invariant distribution: even if the moment bounds and error estimates are not proved to be uniform with respect to time, the obtained polynomial growth results in a marginal increase in the upper bound of the computational cost. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result in the literature concerning the approximation of the invariant distribution for stochastic differential equations with non-globally Lipschitz coefficients using an explicit tamed Euler-Maruyama scheme.
Perspektiven der Erhaltungstherapie beim Ovarialkarzinom
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: September 2023

Beim fortgeschrittenen Ovarialkarzinom spielt die Erhaltungstherapie nach Ansprechen auf eine Standardchemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Paclitaxel eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Eingesetzt werden bislang Bevacizumab und PARP-Inhibitoren. Studien zu weiteren Konzepten laufen.
Neues zum Ovarialkarzinom aus Deutschland
Authors: Klein Friederike
Published: September 2023

Eine Aufgabe der Kommission Ovar der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) ist die Initiierung und Durchführung klinischer Studien. Das findet auch in der internationalen Literatur ihren Niederschlag, wie 3 Beispiele zeigen.
Para Powerlifting Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oliveira José Igor V. , de Lucena Erick Guilherme Peixoto , Ferland Pierre-Marc , Oliveira Saulo Fernandes Melo , Uchida Marco Carlos
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to conduct a systematic review of para powerlifting strength
performance. The searches were conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed,
Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Intervention studies related to para powerlifting
performance were included. The main information was extracted systematically,
based on criteria established by the authors. The data on study design, sample
size, participant’s characteristics (e. g. type of disability,
sex, age, body weight, and height), training experience, assessment tools,
physical performance criteria, and force-related outcomes were extracted and
analyzed. The studies (n=9) describe factors related to biomechanics and
performance. Outcomes revealed that the one-repetition maximum test is used as
load prescription and that para powerlifting should work at high speeds and
higher loads. Regarding technique, grip width with 1.5 biacromial distance
provides a good lift and partial amplitude training as an alternative to
training. There are no differences in total load and movement quality in the
lumbar arched technique compared with the flat technique. As a monitoring
method, repetitions in reserve scale was used for submaximal loads. Finally, our
outcomes and discussion indicated strategies and techniques that can be used by
para powerlifting coaches.
Neuroendokrine Tumoren im Kopf-, Halsbereich
Authors: Duong Dinh Thien An , Braunschweig Till , Ilgner Justus , Westhofen Martin
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Neuroendokrine Tumoren (NET) sind benigne oder maligne Neoplasien, die entwicklungsgeschichtlich der Neuralleiste oder paraganglionären Zellen des vegetativen Nervensystems entstammen. Die alte Bezeichnung Karzinoid (karzinomähnlicher Tumor) ist noch sehr verbreitet, jedoch inzwischen obsolet. Lediglich 0,5–2 % aller Neoplasien des Menschen sind neuroendokrine Tumoren, welche überwiegend gastrointestinal oder bronchopulmonal lokalisiert sind. Die Inzidenz beträgt 9.263/100.000. Jedoch ist nur 1 % der Kopf-Hals-Tumore neuroendokriner Genese. Fallzahlstarke Langzeitstudien und Leitlinien zur Diagnose und Therapie im Kopf-Hals-Bereich fehlen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist der wertende Vergleich bekannter Therapiestrategien und daraus folgender Krankheitsverläufe sowie deren Vergleich mit dem Schrifttum anhand eigener Fälle unterschiedlicher Lokalisation und Ausdehnung.

Patienten und Methoden In unserer Klinik wurden zwischen 2010 und 2017 14 Patienten mit neuroendokrinen Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich behandelt. Acht Patienten davon wurden primär operativ mit adjuvanter Radiochemotherapie (RCT) versorgt. Sechs Patienten erhielten eine primäre Radiochemotherapie in kurativer Absicht. Ein Patient erhielt aufgrund des Tumorprogresses nach der primären Radiochemotherapie eine weitere Chemotherapie mit palliativer Indikation.

Ergebnisse Die Tumorlokalisationen verteilen sich auf den Larynx (n = 7), die Glandula parotis (n = 2) und auf die Nasenhaupt- und -nebenhöhlen (n=5). Von den 8 operierten Patienten konnte in 6 Fällen eine in-sano-Resektion (R0) erreicht werden. Die im Kollektiv gemessene Gesamtüberlebensrate beträgt im Mittel 19±6 Monate. Von den 14 untersuchten Patienten erlitten 2 Patienten ein Rezidiv, wovon ein Patient nach 7 Monaten verstarb und ein Patient 32 Monate nach der Nachresektion Rezidiv-frei lebt. In zwei Fällen sprach das NET nicht auf die kombinierte RCT an und die Patienten verstarben jeweils nach 6 und 13 Monaten. Die Überlebenszeit ist abhängig vom T-Stadium des NET sowie vom Erreichen einer R0-Resektion. Die R0-Resektion bietet eine höhere Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit als die primäre RCT.

Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit NET des Kopf-Hals-Bereiches müssen in spezialisierten Zentren interdisziplinär behandelt werden. Zur Erfassung dieser Daten ist eine Tumordatenbank notwendig. Jedoch sind aufgrund der niedrigen Inzidenz keine Studien auf hohem Evidenzniveau zu erwarten. Nach Diagnosestellung sollte ohne zeitliche Verzögerung die im Rahmen einer int. TuKo individuelle auf den Patienten zugeschnittene Therapie erfolgen.
Lebensqualität von Menschen mit einem künstlichen Darmausgang in Deutschland
Authors: Ambe Peter C. , Breuing Jessica , Grohnmann Erich , Engel Nicole , Pieper Dawid , Zirngibl Hubert , Kugler Charlotte
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Das Vorhandensein eines Stomas kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität (QoL) haben. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Erfassung der QoL von Menschen mit einem Stoma in Deutschland

Methode Eine offene Internetbefragung mit Hilfe des validierten Gastrointestinalen Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) nach Eypasch wurde durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen von Teilnehmenden ≥18 Jahren, deren Stomaoperation ≥3 Monate zurücklag.

Ergebnisse Die 521 eingeschlossenen Teilnehmenden (79,3% weiblich) waren im Median 50 Jahre alt (Spanne: 19–83) und hatten seit 3 Jahren im Median ein Stoma (3 Monate–58 Jahre). Die häufigsten Indikationen für das Stoma waren Morbus Crohn (MC: 36,5%), Darmkrebs (19,8%) und Colitis Ulcerosa (CU: 18,2%). Der QoL-Score betrug durchschnittlich 94,8 ± 24,6, wobei höhere Werte einer höheren Lebensqualität entsprechen, bei einer Spannweite von 0 bis 144 und gesunde Menschen einen Referenzwert von 125,8 haben. Einschränkungen traten besonders bei dem Durchschlafen, der Müdigkeit, dem Kräftezustand, der Ausdauer, der Fitness und dem Sexualleben auf. Unter allen Stomaträgern hatten Teilnehmende mit CU (103,0 ± 24,5), Darmkrebs (99,2 ± 21,7) und MC (95,0 ± 22,8) die höchsten GIQLI-Werte im Durchschnitt.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen, dass die QoL bei Menschen mit einem Stoma schlechter ist verglichen mit Gesunden. Die Untergruppen der Stomaträger mit CU, MC und nach Darmkrebsoperation haben eine höhere QoL als Stomaträger mit anderer Ursache.
Video-Based Assessment of Microsurgical Trainees: An Evaluation of Gender Bias
Authors: Schaefer Eliana J. , Thayer Mary K. , Colon Anthony F. , Sanghavi Kavya K. , Sears Erika D. , Giladi Aviram M. , Katz Ryan D.
Published: September 2023

Background Gender bias in graduate medical evaluations remains a challenging issue. This study evaluates implicit gender bias in video-based evaluations of microsurgical technique, which has not previously been described in the literature.

Methods Two videos were recorded of microsurgical anastomosis; the first was performed by a hand/microsurgery fellow and the second by an expert microsurgeon. A total of 150 surgeons with microsurgical experience were recruited to evaluate the videos; they were told these videos depicted a surgical trainee 1 month into fellowship followed by the same trainee 10 months later. The only variable was the name (“Rachel” or “David”) that each participant was randomly assigned to evaluate. Participants were asked to score each video for quality, technique, efficiency, as well as overall progression and development after the second video compared with the initial video. To focus on bias, these outcome measures were selected to be purposefully subjective and all ratings were based on a subjective 1to 10 scale (10 = excellent).

Results The analysis included 150 participants (75% male). There were no statistically significant differences in scores between the “female” and “male” trainee. The trainees received the same median initial (1-month video) and final (11th-month video) scores for all criteria except initial technique, in which the female trainee received a 7 and the male trainee received an 8. Notably, 11-month scores were consistently the same or lower than 1-month scores for both study groups (p < 0.001). There were also no differences within either study group based on participant sex. Microsurgery practitioners overall rated both groups lower than those who do not currently practice microsurgery.

Conclusion Our study did not identify a gender bias in this evaluation method. Further investigation into how we assess and grade trainees as well as the presence and impact of implicit biases on varying surgical assessment methods is warranted.
Disease-Based Prognostication: Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Almodovar Jorge L. , Mehrabyan Anahit
Published: September 2023

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune neuromuscular junction transmission disorder that clinically presents as fluctuating or persistent weakness in various skeletal muscle groups. Neuroprognostication in MG begins with some basic observations on the natural history of the disease and known treatment outcomes. Our objective is to provide a framework that can assist a clinician who encounters the MG patient for the first time and attempts to prognosticate probable outcomes in individual patients. In this review article, we explore clinical type, age of onset, antibody status, severity of disease, thymus pathology, autoimmune, and other comorbidities as prognostic factors in MG.
Progress in modeling dynamic systems for sustainable development
Authors: Selin Noelle E. , Giang Amanda , Clark William C.
Published: September 2023

This Perspective evaluates recent progress in modeling nature–society systems to inform sustainable development. We argue that recent work has begun to address longstanding and often-cited challenges in bringing modeling to bear on problems of sustainable development. For each of four stages of modeling practice—defining purpose, selecting components, analyzing interactions, and assessing interventions—we highlight examples of dynamical modeling methods and advances in their application that have improved understanding and begun to inform action. Because many of these methods and associated advances have focused on particular sectors and places, their potential to inform key open questions in the field of sustainability science is often underappreciated. We discuss how application of such methods helps researchers interested in harnessing insights into specific sectors and locations to address human well-being, focus on sustainability-relevant timescales, and attend to power differentials among actors. In parallel, application of these modeling methods is helping to advance theory of nature–society systems by enhancing the uptake and utility of frameworks, clarifying key concepts through more rigorous definitions, and informing development of archetypes that can assist hypothesis development and testing. We conclude by suggesting ways to further leverage emerging modeling methods in the context of sustainability science.
Dark defaults: How choice architecture steers political campaign donations
Authors: Posner Nathaniel , Simonov Andrey , Mrkva Kellen , Johnson Eric J.
Published: September 2023

In the months before the 2020 U.S. election, several political campaign websites added prechecked boxes (defaults), automatically making all donations into recurring weekly contributions unless donors unchecked them. Since these changes occurred at different times for different campaigns, we use a staggered difference-in-differences design to measure the causal effects of defaults on donors’ behavior. We estimate that defaults increased campaign donations by over $43 million while increasing requested refunds by almost $3 million. The weekly default only impacted weekly recurring donations, and not other donations, suggesting that donors may not have intended to make weekly donations. The longer defaults were displayed, the more money campaigns raised through weekly donations. Donors did not compensate by changing the amount they donated. We found that the default had a larger impact on smaller donors and on donors who had no prior experience with defaults, causing them to start more chains and donate a larger proportion of their money through weekly recurring donations.
Hippocampal activity predicts contextual misattribution of false memories
Authors: Herz Noa , Bukala Bernard R. , Kragel James E. , Kahana Michael J.
Published: September 2023

Failure of contextual retrieval can lead to false recall, wherein people retrieve an item or experience that occurred in a different context or did not occur at all. Whereas the hippocampus is thought to play a crucial role in memory retrieval, we lack understanding of how the hippocampus supports retrieval of items related to a target context while disregarding related but irrelevant information. Using direct electrical recordings from the human hippocampus, we investigate the neural process underlying contextual misattribution of false memories. In two large datasets, we characterize key physiological differences between correct and false recalls that emerge immediately prior to vocalization. By differentiating between false recalls that share high or low contextual similarity with the target context, we show that low-frequency activity (6 to 18 Hz) in the hippocampus tracks similarity between the current and retrieved context. Applying multivariate decoding methods, we were able to reliably predict the contextual source of the to-be-recalled item. Our findings elucidate one of the hallmark features of episodic memory: our ability to distinguish between memories that were formed on different occasions.
Pinpointing prescriptive impact
Authors: Malory Beth
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a single-author case study which demonstrates that the statistical modelling technique change
point analysis (CPA) can provide compelling evidence of prescriptive impact at an idiolectal level. It has been hypothesized that
Late Modern English review periodicals consistently pushed a prescriptive agenda, and that this impacted language use (McIntosh, 1998; Percy, 2009). A lack of
empirical research has, however, left these claims unsubstantiated, partly because evaluating prescriptivist endeavours has proven
challenging. Using a purpose-built 3-million-token idiolectal corpus spanning 7 decades, this paper reports that it is possible to
discern a striking change in usage. Use of CPA enables this change to be located precisely, and correlated to the author’s
exposure to a prescriptive review of her work. In demonstrating how effectively CPA can provide a sophisticated correlation
indicative of causality, this paper showcases the suitability of this technique to the study of prescriptivism.
Numerical modeling of the multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment by Frisch and Segrè using co-quantum dynamics via the Bloch equation
Authors: Titimbo Kelvin , Garrett David C , Kahraman S Süleyman , He Zhe , Wang Lihong V
Published: September 2023

We numerically study the spin flip in the Frisch–Segrè experiment, the first multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiment, within the context of the novel co-quantum dynamics (CQD) theory. We model the middle stage responsible for spin rotation by sampling the atoms with the Monte Carlo method and solving the dynamics of the electron and nuclear magnetic moments numerically according to the Bloch equation. The simulation shows that CQD closely reproduces, without using any fitting parameters, the experimental observations reported by Frisch and Segrè in 1933, which have so far lacked theoretical predictions.
Ultra-high-sensitivity micro-accelerometer achieved by pure axial deformation of piezoresistive beams
Authors: Yu Mingzhi , Jia Chen , Han Xiangguang , Xia Yong , Zhao Libo , Yang Ping , Lu Dejiang , Wang Yonglu , Wang Xiaozhang , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: September 2023

Microfabricated piezoresistive accelerometers with purely axially deformed piezoresistive beams have demonstrated high performance. However, the conventional design of such accelerometers requires complex theoretical calculations and specific dimensional conditions to achieve purely axial deformation, which inevitably increases the difficulty and cost of the design and manufacturing. We propose an innovative structure that can simply realize pure axial deformation of piezoresistive beams by eliminating the transverse displacement at both ends without tedious calculations. An accelerometer based on the structure was fabricated; both static and dynamic performances were tested. The results showed that the accelerometer had high sensitivity (2.44 mV g−1 with 5 V bias, without circuit amplification), low cross-axis sensitivity (1.56% and 0.49 %, respectively), and high natural frequency (11.4 kHz), with a measurement range of 0–100 g. This design method provides an easy approach for designing high-performance piezoresistive sensors.
Connecting Arduino and Processing for an RGB LED exploration: a new approach for technology-enhanced learning
Authors: Hahn Marcelo Dumas , Carvalho Paulo Simeão , Cruz Frederico Alan
Published: September 2023

The phenomenon of adding colours is a relevant topic and integrates school programmes in different countries. In most cases, it is presented by teachers through static images, drawn on the board or schematised in school textbooks. This approach stems, in many cases, from the lack of adequate resources that allow a discussion without inducing misunderstandings, which unfortunately does not meet the necessary demands for learning. From the perspective of a necessary methodological change, a path is presented: the use of active methodologies enrolling students in their learning process based on the joint discussion of science and technology. Based on these principles, we present in this work a proposal for an experimental setup that can be used in classes where the discussion of adding colours occurs, allowing students to carry out a real-time comparison between the colour perceived in an RGB light-emitting diode display, and the colour produced in a computer screen. In addition to the phenomenological aspects, the setup will allow students to perceive the differences in shades and, consequently, how technology in the perception of colour.
Photonic negative differential transistor based on cavity polaritons
Authors: Yu Zi-Fa , Yan Peng-Fei , Gao Ji-Ming , Hu Fang-Qi , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: September 2023

We theoretically provide a scheme for realizing a photonic negative differential transistor (NDT) by using a two-port asymmetric system with cavity exciton polaritons. In such a hybrid optomechanical system, the transmission of the probe light can be completely regulated by the pump field. Interestingly, the resonance transmission curve of probe light has a negative (positive) slope to the pump intensity, which depends on the coupling among excitons, photons and phonons. Therefore, the probe transmission exhibits the characteristic of negative (positive) differential transistors. The transmission spectrum of probe fields is modified by Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering effects, resulting in the output probe light be either attenuated or amplified. Moreover, we find that the transmission of pump fields has a bistability characteristic with appropriate parameters due to nonlinear effects. Our results open up exciting new possibilities for designing a photonic NDT, which may be applied to implement polariton integrated circuits.
Effect of trapping and reflection on dust acoustic solitary waves in nonthermal opposite polarity dust plasmas
Authors: Soliman G H , Zahran M A , Elkamash I S
Published: September 2023

The study of resonant wave-particle interactions (WPIs) is crucial in plasma systems where charged plasma particles interact via long-range electromagnetic waves. Our research focuses on exploring the impact of trapping and reflection, along with the superthermality of Kappa resonance electrons and ions, on the characteristics of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in opposite polarity dust plasma (OPDP). Both linear and non-linear analyses were conducted. Two distinct types of dust acoustic modes, namely fast and slow, have been observed in the linear regime of two different instances of WPIs. Moving on to the non-linear regime, the Schamel KdV (SKdV) equation has been derived using the reductive perturbation technique. In both cases, a stationary solution in the form of a dust acoustic double-layer wave (DADLW) has been successfully obtained. Our findings are highly relevant to astrophysical plasma environments with non-thermal trapped and reflected particles.
DFT calculations of optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of K2NaTlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) halide double perovskites for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Zafar Rabia , Naseem Shahzad , Riaz Saira , Noor N A , Mahmood Asif , Shahzad Khuram
Published: September 2023

The DFT approach was employed to investigate the mechanical, optical and thermoelectric properties of double perovskites (DPs) compounds K2NaTlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I). PBEsol-GGA approximation along with birch-Murnaghan equation is used to calculate the lattice constant, other structural and ground state parameters. The structural, thermodynamic and mechanical stability of these compounds was demonstrated by computing tolerance factor, formation energy and Born criteria. Poisson and Pugh ratio are analyzed to describe the brittle or ductile nature of these studied double perovskites compounds. The anion Cl, Br and I-based double perovskites exhibited direct bandgap as determined from band structure calculations. The study further examined the optical absorption and dielectric constant of the compounds across the energy range 0–10 eV confirming their ability to absorb light in the infrared to visible spectrum. Furthermore, the suitability of the studied double perovskites for thermoelectric applications was assessed using BoltzTraP coding. The Seebeck coefficient, electric conductivity and figure of merit were analyzed, suggesting that these compounds hold promise as viable candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Research progress in quantum key distribution
Authors: Zhang 张 Chun-Xue 春雪 , Wu 吴 Dan 丹 , Cui 崔 Peng-Wei 鹏伟 , Ma 马 Jun-Chi 俊驰 , Wang 王 Yue 玥 , An 安 Jun-Ming 俊明
Published: September 2023

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a sophisticated method for securing information by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. Its objective is to establish a confidential key between authorized partners who are connected via both a quantum channel and a classical authentication channel. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of QKD protocols, chip-based QKD systems, quantum light sources, quantum detectors, fiber-based QKD networks, space-based QKD systems, as well as the applications and prospects of QKD technology.
Valley filtering and valley-polarized collective modes in bulk graphene monolayers
Authors: Zheng 郑 Jian-Long 建龙 , Zhai 翟 Feng 峰
Published: September 2023

The presence of two sublattices in hexagonal graphene brings two energetically degenerate extremes in the conduction and valence bands, which are identified by the valley quantum number. Recently, this valley degree of freedom has been suggested to encode and process information, which develops a new carbon-based electronics named graphene valleytronics. In this topical review, we present and discuss valley-related transport properties in bulk graphene monolayers, which are due to strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and associated vector potential, sublattice-stagger potential, and the valley-Zeeman effect. These valley-related interactions can be utilized to obtain valley filtering, valley spatial separation, valley-resolved guiding modes, and valley-polarized collective modes such as edge or surface plasmons. The present challenges and the perspectives on graphene valleytronics are also provided in this review.
Integrating electric field modeling and pre-tDCS behavioral performance to predict the individual tDCS effect on visual crowding
Authors: Chen Luyao , Chen Guanpeng , Gong Xizi , Fang Fang
Published: September 2023

Objective. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been broadly used to modulate brain activity with both bipolar and high-definition montages. However, tDCS effects can be highly variable. In this work, we investigated whether the variability in the tDCS effects could be predicted by integrating individualized electric field modeling and individual pre-tDCS behavioral performance. Approach. Here, we first compared the effects of bipolar tDCS and 4 × 1 high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) with respect to the alleviation of visual crowding, which is the inability to identify targets in the presence of nearby flankers and considered to be an essential bottleneck of object recognition and visual awareness. We instructed subjects to perform an orientation discrimination task with both isolated and crowded targets in the periphery and measured their orientation discrimination thresholds before and after receiving 20 min of bipolar tDCS, 4 × 1 HD-tDCS, or sham stimulation over the visual cortex. Individual anatomically realistic head models were constructed to simulate tDCS-induced electric field distributions and quantify tDCS focality. Finally, a multiple linear regression model that used pre-tDCS behavioral performance and tDCS focality as factors was used to predict post-tDCS behavioral performance. Main results. We found that HD-tDCS, but not bipolar tDCS, could significantly alleviate visual crowding. Moreover, the variability in the tDCS effect could be reliably predicted by subjects’ pre-tDCS behavioral performance and tDCS focality. This prediction model also performed well when generalized to other two tDCS protocols with a different electrode size or a different stimulation intensity. Significance. Our study links the variability in the tDCS-induced electric field and the pre-tDCS behavioral performance in a visual crowding task to the variability in post-tDCS performance. It provides a new approach to predicting individual tDCS effects and highlights the importance of understanding the factors that determine tDCS effectiveness while developing more robust protocols.
Design and research of detection tool for elevator trolley
Authors: Chen Jie
Published: September 2023

In order to ensure the normal operation of the elevator, regular inspection must be carried out on the elevator according to the requirements of TSG T7001-2009 Elevator Supervision inspection and periodic inspection rules. Elevator regular inspection needs to use some common electrical inspection tools including multimeter, clamp flowmeter, feeler, tachometer and other equipment. Due to the large number of detection tools, it is not easy to carry and place. To prevent parts and testing tools from sliding and accident risk. Therefore, this paper designs and studies a portable elevator detection tool vehicle to solve the above problems. The device is capable of simultaneously moving and placing disassembled parts and testing tools. And can protect important inspection tools.
Research on Dwell Point Strategy of Compact Intelligent Parking System under Dynamic Demand
Authors: Shi Y Z , Wang Z G , Zhong Y L
Published: September 2023

“Parking difficulty” seriously hinders urban traffic development, Therefore, itis of great theoretical and practical value to improve the operation efficiency, which study the compact intelligent parking system with high land utilization rate. Considering decentralized and random vehicle access demands, and their impact on the dwell point strategy of parking system, the selection model of dwell point strategy under dynamic demand is built. Building the operation model of compact intelligent parking system, and analysing the influence of environmental factors on the system demand, then the data set is built. Based on random forest, the selection model of dwell point strategy under dynamic demand is built, and the importance of relevant influencing factors is sorted. Finally, the research effect is verified by example. The result shows that the research can effectively improve the operation efficiency and user satisfaction, and the research has a wider scope and application value.
Energy Measurement Technology of Low-frequency 20 Hz Intelligent Energy Meter
Authors: Lu Chunguang , Li Xiong , Liu Wei , Zhu Huan
Published: September 2023

A high-speed and high-precision voltage and current acquisition scheme suitable for 20 Hz low-frequency energy metering, and an energy meter suitable for low-frequency transmission scenarios was designed in this paper. A high-precision energy metering algorithm based on low-frequency metering for three-phase energy meters, using the four-term third-order Nuttall window algorithm to address the impact of asynchronous sampling on metering was proposed in this paper. Equipped with sampling and metering algorithms suitable for low-frequency transmission, the designed meter achieves seamless calibration of diagonal difference and stable power calculation. Adopting an A/D+DSP metering scheme, a 24-bit A/D chip is selected as the signal sampling unit, and a 32-bit high-speed DSP is used as the signal processing unit to achieve the sampling and processing function of 20 Hz signals, completing the low-frequency transmission scenario electricity metering.
Function design and realization of transmission line icing monitoring and early warning system combined with micro-meteorology and micro-topography in Guizhou
Authors: Liu Dandan , Hu Wei , Du Hao , Liu Wei , Wu Shan , Qiang Shuang , Liu Hanjie
Published: September 2023

The icing of transmission lines is one of the main causes of transmission line accidents and power outages, which poses a great threat to the safe and stable operation of transmission lines. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a set of icing monitoring and early warning system to predict possible icing situations in advance, take corresponding measures, and ensure the normal operation of transmission lines. According to the characteristics of micro-meteorology and micro-topography in Guizhou, this paper designs and implements a set of transmission line icing monitoring and early warning system based on micro-meteorology and micro-topography. Through the experimental analysis of the system, it is proved that the system can effectively monitor and warn the icing of the transmission line, and improve the safety and stability of the transmission line.