bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do They Learn: Types and Characteristics of Medical Student Engagement in the Simulation-Based Learning Environment
Authors: Wang Yashuang , JI YAN
Published: December 2020

Background Student engagement can predict successful learning outcomes and academic development. Expansion of simulation-based medical education will bring about challenges to educators and require them to help medical students to engage themselves in a simulation-based learning environment. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten medical students to explore their learning types and characteristics in the simulation-based learning environment. The thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results The interviews were thematically analyzed to form three types of student engagement in the simulation-based learning environment: reflective engagement, performance engagement, and interactive engagement. The analysis also identified eight sub-themes: active, persistent, and focused thinking engagement; self-directed-learning thinking engagement with the purpose of problem solving; active “voice” in class; strong emotional experience and disclosure; demonstration of professional leadership; interaction with realistic learning situations; support from teammates; and friendship-like facilitator-student interaction.Conclusions The findings explain the mechanisms behind student engagement in the simulation-based learning environment from two perspectives: the two-way construction of individuality and space in learning along with the interdependence of the learner and the learning community. That is, expanding the learning space centering around “inquiry” helps strengthen reflective communication and dialogue. It also facilitates imagination, stimulates empathy, and builds an inter-professional learning community. In this way, medical students are expected to learn from the two-way transmission of information, cultivate and reshape the interpersonal relationship, so as to improve engagement in the simulation-based learning environment.
Mutation screening of the UBE3A gene in Chinese Han population with autism
Authors: Zhao Xue , Zhang Ran , Yu Shunying
Published: December 2020

Background15q11-13 region is one of the most complex chromosomal regions in the human genome. UBE3A is an important candidate gene of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which located at the 15q11-13 region and encodes ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A. Previous studies about UBE3A gene and ASD have shown inconsistent results and few studies were performed in Chinese population. This study aimed to detect the genetic mutations of UBE3A gene in Chinese Han population with ASD and analyze genetic association between these variants and ASD.MethodsThe samples consisted of 192 patients with autism according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and 192 healthy controls. We searched for mutations at coding sequence (CDS) regions and their adjacent non-coding regions of UBE3A gene using the high resolution melting (HRM) and Sanger sequencing methods. We further increased sample size to validate the detected variants using HRM and conducted association analysis between case and control groups.ResultsA known single nucleotide polymorphism (T>C, rs150331504) located at the CDS4 and a known 5bp insertion/deletion variation (AACTC+/-, rs71127053) located at the intron region of the upstream 288bp of the CDS2 of UBE3A gene were detected using Sanger sequencing method. The ASD samples of case group were 391 for rs71127053, 384 for rs150331504 and 384 healthy controls, which were used to make an association analysis. The results of association analysis suggested that there were no significant difference about the allele and genotype frequencies of rs71127053 and rs150331504 between case and control groups after extending the sample size. Besides, rs150331504 is a synonymous mutation and we compared the secondary structure and minimum free energy (MFE) of mRNA harboring the allele T or C of rs150331504 using RNAfold software. We found that the centroid secondary structure apparently differs along with the polymorphisms of rs150331504 T>C, the results suggested that this variant might change the secondary structure of mRNA of UBE3A gene. We did not detect mutations in other coding regions of UBE3A gene. ConclusionsThese findings showed that UBE3A gene might not be a major disease gene in Chinese ASD cases.
Evaluating the Implementation of the SWITCH® School Wellness Intervention and Capacity-Building Process through Multiple Methods
Authors: McLoughlin Gabriella M , Candal Priscila , Vazou Spyridoula , Lee Joey A. , Dzewaltowski David A. , Rosenkranz Richard R. , Lanningham-Foster Lorraine , Gentile Douglas A. , Liechty Laura , Chen Senlin , Welk Gregory J
Published: December 2020

Background: School wellness programming is important for promoting healthy lifestyles and academic achievement in youth; however, research is needed on methods that can help schools implement and sustain such programs on their own. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors within and outside the school environment that influenced school capacity for implementation and potential sustainability of wellness programming. Methods: As part of the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH®) intervention, elementary school wellness teams (N = 30) were guided through a capacity-building process focused on promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors in students. Data on implementation were collected through three standardized surveys and interviews (pre-mid-post) and a post-implementation interview. Indicators of organizational capacity were assessed using the School Wellness Readiness Assessment (SWRA). Paired t-tests were run to assess changes in implementation (classroom, physical education, and lunchroom settings), capacity, and stakeholder engagement over time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were run to examine how implementation of best practices (low, moderate, high) explained differences in capacity gains. Qualitative data were analyzed through inductive and deductive analysis, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results: Paired t-tests showed non-significant increases in school and setting-specific capacity and implementation of SWITCH best practices over time, in addition to a consistent level of engagement from key stakeholders. ANOVA results revealed positive, non-significant variances between implementation group and gains in school capacity (F[2,24] = 1.63; p = .21), class capacity (F[2,24]=0.20 p=.82), lunchroom capacity (F[2,24]=0.29; p=.78), and physical education (F[2,24]=1.45; p=.25). Qualitative data demonstrated that factors within the outer setting (i.e., engaging community partners) facilitated programming. Inner-setting factors (i.e., relationships with administration and staff) influenced implementation. Implementation process themes (e.g., planning, adaptation of resources to meet school capacity/needs, and engaging students as leaders) were cited as key facilitators. Schools discussed factors affecting sustainability, such as school culture and knowledge of school wellness policy. Conclusions: The results from this implementation study document the importance of allowing schools to adapt programming to meet their local needs, and highlight the strengths of measuring multiple implementation outcomes. Increased support is needed for schools regarding the formation and improvement of wellness policies as a means to enhance sustainability over time.
Smartphone-based dispatch of Community First Responders to Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Statements from an International Consensus Conference
Authors: Metelmann Camilla , Metelmann Bibiana , Kohnen Dorothea , Brinkrolf Peter , Andelius Linn , Böttiger Bernd W , Burkart Roman , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Krammel Mario , Marks Tore , Müller Michael P , Prasse Stefan , Stieglis Remy , Strickmann Bernd , Thies Karl
Published: December 2020

Background: Over the past decade Smartphone-based activation (SBA) of Community First Responders (CFR) to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) has gained much attention and popularity throughout Europe. Various programmes have been established, and interestingly there are considerable differences in technology, responder spectrum and the degree of integration into the prehospital emergency services. It is unclear whether these dissimilarities affect outcome. This paper reviews the current state in five European countries, reveals similarities and controversies, and presents consensus statements generated in an international conference with the intention to support public decision making on future strategies for SBA of CFR.Methods: In a consensus conference a three-step approach was used: (i) presentation of current research from five European countries; (ii) workshops discussing evidence amongst the audience to generate consensus statements; (iii) anonymous real-time voting applying the modified RAND-UCLA Appropriateness method to adopt or reject the statements. The consensus panel aimed to represent all stakeholders involved in this topic.Results: While 21 of 25 generated statements gained approval, consensus was only found for 5 of them. One statement was rejected but without consensus. Members of the consensus conference confirmed that CFR save lives. They further acknowledged the crucial role of emergency medical control centres and called for nationwide strategies. Conclusions: Members of the consensus conference acknowledged that smartphone-based activation of CFR to OHCA saves lives. The statements generated by the consensus conference may assist the public, healthcare services and governments to utilise these systems to their full potential, and direct the research community towards fields that still need to be addressed.
Serum IGFBP-2 in Systemic Sclerosis as a Protective Factor of Lung Dysfunction
Authors: Guiot Julien , Njock Makon-Sébastien , André Béatrice , Gester Fanny , Henket Monique , Seny Dominique de , Moermans Catherine , Malaise Michel G. , Louis Renaud
Published: December 2020

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease associated with rapid evolving interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), driving its mortality. Specific biomarkers associated with the progression of this lung disease are highly needed. We aimed to identify specific biomarkers of SSc-ILD to predict the evolution of the disease.Methods: We compared prospectively serum levels of several biomarkers associated with lung fibrosis in SSc patients (n=102), among which SSc-no ILD (n=63) and SSc-ILD (n=39), compared to healthy subjects (HS) (n=39). We also performed a longitudinal study in a subgroup of 28 patients analyzing biomarkers variations and pulmonary function tests over a period of 2 years. Furthermore, we performed in vitro analysis to study the impact of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP)-2 on fibrotic activity of human lung fibroblasts. Results: Serum levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, interleukin-8 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 were significantly increased in SSc patients compared to HS while IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were reduced. The variation of IGFBP-2 between baseline and 2-year follow-up was positively correlated with pulmonary function (assessed by carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO)) at 2-year follow-up (r=0.6, p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis enabled us to identify that baseline IGFBP-2<105 ng/ml was associated with a better outcome (low risk to display KCO<70% predicted) at 2-year follow-up (area under the curve=0.75 at 75% sensibility and 68% specificity, p<0.05). In vitro functional study showed that IGFBP-2 significantly reduced fibroblast proliferation and pro-fibrotic activity.Conclusions: We showed for the first time that serum levels of IGFBP-2 might predict the evolution of SSc-ILD. Baseline IGFBP-2 above 105 ng/ml might be a prognostic factor of alveolo-capillary dysfunction.
RNA sequencing identifies transcriptional changes in the rabbit larynx in response to low humidity challenge
Authors: Bailey Taylor W , Santos Andrea Pires dos , Nascimento Naila Cannes do , Xie Shaojun , Thimmapuram Jyothi , Sivasankar M. Preeti , Cox Abigail
Published: December 2020

Background: Voice disorders are a worldwide problem impacting human health, particularly for occupational voice users. Avoidance of surface dehydration is commonly prescribed as a protective factor against the development of dysphonia. The available literature inconclusively supports this practice and a biological mechanism for how surface dehydration of the laryngeal tissue affects voice has not been described. In this study, we used an in vivo male New Zealand white rabbit model to elucidate biological changes based on gene expression within the vocal folds from surface dehydration. Surface dehydration was induced by exposure to low humidity air (18.6% + 4.3%) for 8 hours. Exposure to moderate humidity (43.0% + 4.3%) served as the control condition. Ilumina-based RNA sequencing was performed and used for transcriptome analysis with validation by RT-qPCR. Results: There were 103 statistically significant differentially expressed genes identified through Cuffdiff with 61 genes meeting significance by both false discovery rate and fold change. Functional annotation enrichment and predicted protein interaction mapping showed enrichment of various loci, including cellular stress and inflammatory response, ciliary function, and keratinocyte development. Eight genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) and macrophage cationic peptide 1 (MCP1) were significantly upregulated and an epithelial chloride channel protein (ECCP) was significantly downregulated after surface dehydration by RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. Suprabasin (SPBN) and zinc activated cationic channel (ZACN) were marginally, but non-significantly down- and upregulated as evidenced by RT-qPCR, respectively. Conclusions: The data together support the notion that surface dehydration induces physiological changes in the vocal folds and justifies targeted analysis to further explore the underlying biology of compensatory fluid/ion flux and inflammatory mediators in response to airway surface dehydration.
Suppressor of Variegation 3-9 Homologue 1 Impairment and Neutrophil-skewed Systemic Inflammation Are Associated with Comorbidities in COPD
Authors: Chen Tzu-Tao , Wu Sheng-Ming , Chen Kuan-Yuan , Tseng Chien-Hua , Ho Shu-Chuan , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Feng Po-Hao , Liu Wen-Te , Han Chia-Li , Huang Erick Wan-Chun , Yeh Yun-Kai , Lee Kang-Yun
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Systemic manifestations and comorbidities are characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are probably due to systemic inflammation. The histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 controls the Th1/Th2 balance. We previously reported that reduced SUV39H1 expression contributed to abnormal inflammation in COPD. Here, we aimed to determine whether impaired SUV39H1 expression in COPD patients associated with neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammation responses and comorbidities.METHODS: A total of 213 COPD patients and 13 healthy controls were recruited from the Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University. SUV39H1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 13 healthy and 30 COPD participants were measured by immunoblotting. We classified the patients into two groups based on low (fold change, FC <0.5) and high SUV39H1 expression (FC ≥0.5) compared to normal controls. Clinical outcomes including neutrophil or eosinophil counts associated with SUV39H1-related inflammation were evaluated by Chi square analyses or Mann-Whitney U test. The correlations between the percentage of neutrophils and number of COPD comorbidities or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were performed by Spearman’s rank analysis. RESULTS: Low SUV39H1 expression group had high neutrophil counts relative to high SUV39H1expression group. In the COPD cohort, the high comorbidity group (≥ 2 comorbidities) had higher counts of whole white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil, and lower proportion of eosinophil and eosinophil/neutrophil, as compared with low comorbidity group (0 and 1 comorbidities). The quantity of neutrophils was associated with COPD comorbidities (Spearman's r=0.388, p<0.001), but not with CCI scores. We also found that the high comorbidity group had more exacerbations per year compared with low comorbidity group (1.5 vs. 0.9 average exacerbations, p=0.005). However, there were no significant differences between groups with these non-frequent (0-1 exacerbation) and frequent exacerbations per year (>1 exacerbation) in numbers of WBC and proportion of neutrophils, eosinophils or eosinophil/neutrophil. Finally, patients with high comorbidities had lower SUV39H1 levels in their PBMCs than did those with low comorbidities.CONCLUSION: Blood neutrophil counts are associated with comorbidities in COPD patients. Impaired SUV39H1 expression in PBMCs from COPD patients are correlated with neutrophilic inflammation and comorbidities.
Validation of the BATT score for prehospital risk stratification of traumatic haemorrhagic death: Usefulness for tranexamic acid treatment criteria.
Authors: Ageron Francois-Xavier , Coats Timothy J , Darioli Vincent , Roberts Ian
Published: December 2020

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical blood loss and reduces deaths from bleeding in trauma patients. Tranexamic acid must be given urgently, preferably by paramedics at the scene of the injury or in the ambulance. We developed a simple score (Bleeding Audit Triage Trauma score) to predict death from bleeding.Methods: We conducted an external validation of the BATT score using data from the UK Trauma Audit Research Network (TARN) from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018. We evaluated the impact of tranexamic acid treatment thresholds in trauma patients.ResultsWe included 104,862 trauma patients with an injury severity score of 9 or above. Tranexamic acid was administered to 9,915 (9%) patients. Of these 5,185 (52%) received prehospital tranexamic acid. The BATT score had good accuracy (Brier score=6%) and good discrimination (C-statistic 0.90; 95% CI 0.89-0.91). Calibration in the large showed no substantial difference between predicted and observed death due to bleeding (1.15% versus 1.16%; P=0.81). Pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment of trauma patients with a BATT score of 2 or more would avoid 210 bleeding deaths by treating 61,598 patients instead of avoiding 55 deaths by treating 9,915 as currently. ConclusionThe BATT score identifies trauma patient at risk of significant haemorrhage. A score of 2 or more would be an appropriate threshold for pre-hospital tranexamic acid treatment.
WITHDRAWN: LPL/AQP7/GPD2 promotes glycerol metabolism under hypoxia and prevents cardiac dysfunction during ischemia.
Authors: Ishihama Sohta , Yoshida Tatsuya , Yoshida Satoya , Ouchi Noriyuki , Mori Yu , Eguchi Shunsuke , Sakaguchi Teruhiro , Tsuda Takuma , Kato Katsuhiro , Shimizu Yuuki , Ohashi Koji , Bando Yasuko , Yagyu Hiroaki , Wettschureck Nina , Kubota Naoto , Offermanns Stefan , Kadowaki Takashi , MUROHARA TOYOAKI , Takefuji Mikito
Published: December 2020

Fatty acid constitutes a major energy substrate in the heart to fuel contraction under aerobic conditions. Ischemia downregulates fatty acid metabolism to adapt to the limited oxygen supply and makes glucose the preferred substrate. However, the mechanism of the myocardial metabolic shift during ischemia remains unknown. Here, we show that cardiomyocyte secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a principal enzyme that converts triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol, increased during myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiomyocyte-specific LPL deficiency enhanced cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis following MI. Deficiency of aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a glycerol channel in cardiomyocytes, increased the myocardial infarct size and apoptosis in response to ischemia. Ischemic conditions activated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), which converts glycerol-3-phosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate to facilitate ATP synthesis from glycerol. Conversely, GPD2 deficiency exacerbated cardiac dysfunction after acute MI. Together, these results identify that LPL/AQP7/GPD2-mediated glycerol metabolism plays an important role to bridge glucose and lipid metabolism in MI and prevent myocardial ischemia-related damage.
TAŞINMAZ SATIŞ VAADİNDEN DOĞAN HAKKA İLİŞKİN TERKİN EDİLMEMİŞ ŞERHİN ETKİSİ VE YARGITAY’IN KONUYA YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: ÖNCÜ Azim
Published: December 2020

Tapu Kanunu (TK) m.26/8’e göre, satış vaadinden doğan hakkın şerhinden itibaren beş yıl içinde satış yapılmazsa şerh tapu sicil görevlileri tarafından re'sen terkin edilmelidir. Diğer yandan, Tapu Sicil Tüzüğü (TST) m.69/3’e göre ise, şerhedilmiş kişisel haklarda kanunda belirlenen süre sona erdiğinde, malikin istemi üzerine terkin gerçekleştirilmelidir. Bu hükümler karşısında, şerh süresi sona erdiğinde terkinin tapu memurunca re’sen mi yoksa talep üzerine mi yapılacağı konusunda çelişkili bir durum ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çelişkili hükümlerin varlığı, şerhten itibaren beş yıl geçmesine rağmen satışın yapılmaması durumunda terkin edilmemiş şerhin etkisinin kendiliğinden sona erip ermediği konusunda belirsizlik ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Kanun hükmüne üstünlük tanındığında şerhin etkisi beş yılın geçmesiyle kendiliğinden sona ermiş olur. Bu andan itibaren yapılan terkin açıklayıcı niteliktedir. Taşınmaz beş yıllık sürenin geçmesinden itibaren devredilirse vaat alacaklısının bu şerhe dayanarak yeni malikten mülkiyetin kendisine geçirilmesini isteyememesi gerekir. Ancak, Yargıtay bazı kararlarıyla, TK m.26/8’de belirtilen beş yıllık süre sona ermesine rağmen şerhin terkini gerçekleşmemişse yeni malikin iyiniyet iddiasında bulunamayacağı gerekçesiyle, vaat alacaklısının yeni malikten tescili talep etmekte haklı olduğu yönünde görüş benimsemiştir. O nedenle satış vaadi bakımından şerh süresi sona erdiğinde meydana gelen hukuki duruma ilişkin farklı yaklaşımlar sebebiyle ilgili meselenin değerlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir
Arab Spring and COVID-19: Ex post facto examination of the Lebanese banking sector (the contemporary stakeholder analysis)
Authors: Itani Rania , Azeem Muhammad , Mirza Nawazish
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of Lebanese banks to address the economic challenges posed by COVID-19. These banks faced the disturbances of the 2011 Arab Spring, and these two crises have resulted in similar economic conditions, leading to an assessment of how Lebanese banks are dealing with the pandemic-led challenges. Exploratory analysis revealed the common features in the two events, and confirmatory analysis examined the hypotheses underlying a theoretical framework. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data helped to scrutinize the two events. Content analysis of data collected from semi-structured interviews with seven senior banking professionals confirms that the Lebanese banking sector’s experience gained during the Arab Spring is a valuable asset for bankers, the Banque du Liban (BDL), and the government, which can be used to anticipate and deal with the COVID-driven economic crisis. The study finds three key moderating factors: trust deficit, inherited characteristics of the economy, and fiscal and monetary policy. Most of these conditions are permanent in nature and require long-term planning. As this research was conducted before the catastrophe caused by the August 2020 Beirut explosion, no aspects of the financial consequences to the Lebanese banking sector and economy resulting from this immerse shock are included.
Do trust and corporate social responsibility activities affect purchase intentions? An examination using structural equation modeling
Authors: Ali Imran , Naushad Mohammad , M. M. Sulphey
Published: December 2020

Organizations place great value on corporate social responsibility (CSR), as it has been found to influence customer attitudes and intentions. This study analyzed the impact of CSR on consumers’ purchase intentions. The significance of this study arises from the fact that all progressive companies are increasing their expenditure on CSR activities. In this study, purchase intention was considered as a dependent variable, while trust, ethical, and legal CSR activities were the independent variables. Data for the study was collected from 210 randomly chosen respondents from amongst consumers of Delhi and National Capital Region of India. The data, analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, found that trust, ethics, and legal CSR activities directly impacted consumer purchase intentions. These results indicate that legal factors do not significantly influence the corporate decision on spending on CSR activities. On the other hand, ethical factors and trust factors significantly influence the corporate decision on expenditure on CSR activities. The findings highlight companies’ requirements to be conscious of their social image. Probable limitations of the study could include sample size and the number of variables chosen.
Russian pharmacy chains ranking based on the results for I–III Q 2020
Authors:   RNC Pharma, Bespalov Nikolay , Rasshchupkin Pavel ,   RNC Pharma
Published: December 2020

It looks like the moment of truth will come in the Russian pharmaceutical retail in the coming year after several years of relatively stable development and several waves of feverish demand this year: next year may become a period of the most severe crisis, against which all the current challenges with the introduction of the marking system will seem a mere trifle.
AnviMax®: optimal drug to combat ARVI and inflfluenza
Authors:   RM Analytics, Kalinina Nadezhda
Published: December 2020

In the epidemiological season 2019–2020, the situation with the incidence of ARVI and influenza was more critical and significantly compounded by concurrent outbreak and spread of new infection COVID-19 in the Russian Federation, resulting in increased hospitalization rates of people at risk with COVID-19 and influenza co-infection. Список литературы
Comorbid patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Shirokova Elena N.
Published: December 2020

The article reviews the evidence for an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and multiple cardiometabolic disorders, including ischemic stroke, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and cardiac arrhythmias and outlines the mechanisms that underpin this relationship. The role of ursodeoxycholic acid, a drug with pleiotropic properties, in the treatment of NAFLD has been shown.
Pharmaceutical industry in the fifi rst half of 2020
Authors:   Remedium, Romanova Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The analysis of pharmaceutical enterprises is performed using the data of the state statistical reporting of the industry enterprises. According to Rosstat, the quantum index by type of economic activity with code 21. 2: “Manufacture of drug products and materials used for medical purposes” for the first half of the year was at the level of 115.8% compared to the same period of the previous year, and 161.2% compared to code 21.1: “Manufacture of pharmaceutical substances”.
ENGELLİ BİREYLERİN KAMUSAL HİZMETLERE ERİŞEBİLMESİNDE BELEDİYELERİN YERİ
Authors: KALAYCI Sami
Published: December 2020

Engelli bireyler, toplum içerisinde yaşayan dezavantajlı gruplar arasında yer almaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından bireyin sosyal hayata katılmasını engelleyen, bireyin eylem ve faaliyetlerini kısıtlayan zihinsel veya bedensel kısıtlılık şeklinde tanımlanan engellilik, günümüzün devam eden önemli sorunları arasında kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle erişebilirlik kavramı bağlamında insan haklarına erişim, fiziksel mekânların kullanımı ve toplumsal imkânlara ulaşım konusunda engelli bireyler büyük sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Nitekim söz konusu sorunla mücadele konusunda hem uluslararası hukukta hem de ulusal mevzuatta alınan yasal düzenlemelerle başta engelli bireyin kendi yaşam çevresi olmak üzere toplumdaki tüm hizmet ve alanlara erişebilmesine imkân tanınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda belediyeler de eğitimden sağlığa istihdamdan ulaşıma kadar engelliler için gerekli olan tüm gereksinimlerin karşılanmasında önemli görev ve sorumluluklar yüklenen kurumlar arasında bulunmaktadır. Erişebilirlik ölçütüne göre engelli bireylerin hizmet ve imkânlardan yararlanması konusunda avantajlı bir durumda olan belediyeler, fiziki mekânların erişebilir hale getirilmesinden, engellilerin istihdamına kadar üstlendiği çeşitli görevler ile yürüttüğü hizmetler bakımından günümüzde daha fazla önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada engelli bireylerin kamusal hizmetlere ulaşımı ile mekânlara erişebilmesinde belediyelerin sunduğu sosyal hizmetler ele alınarak erişilebilirlik konusunda yürütülen politika ve uygulamalara katkı verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
ANALISIS KORELASI KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI DENGAN KEMAMPUAN BERARGUMENTASI SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARGUMENT BASED SCIENCE INQUIRY
Authors: Budiyono Agus
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan korelasi kemampuan memahami dengan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa pada materi elastisitas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Argument-Based Science Inquiry (ABSI). Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pre-experiment dengan desain The one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel siswa kelas XI IPA 2 di Madrasah Aliah Negeri Pamekasan 2 Kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa dari tes kemampuan memahami dan tes kemampuan berargumentasi siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi product moment. Hasil analisis data diperoleh besar korelasi kemampuan memahami dengan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa sebesar 0,73 dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,01 yang berarti bahwa dalam taraf kepercayaan 95 % kemampuan memahami berhubungan secara signifikan  terhadap kemampuan berargumentasi, yaitu memiliki korelasi tinggi. Dengan kata lain kemampuan memahami sangat tinggi pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan berargumentasi siswa.
TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS: STRATEGIS SCAFFOLDING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Kusmaryono Imam , Wijayanti Dyana
Published: December 2020

This scientific article presents the results of a literature review on scaffolding strategies in mathematics education (2015-2020). The literature review was based on 32 scientific publications that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 1368 students (participants). In theory, this literature research aims to provide an empirical picture of the latest literature on the application of scaffolding strategies and analyze teacher-student interaction patterns when scaffolding is implemented in mathematics learning. The results of this literature review indicate that the pattern of teacher-student interaction when scaffolding support follows an approach: one-to-one scaffolding, peer-scaffolding, and computer-based scaffolding. here are three categories of teacher tendencies in providing scaffolding support,  namely: cognitive scaffolding, affective scaffolding, and metacognitive scaffolding. The results of the literature review also concluded that the application of scaffolding strategies in mathematics learning was effective in terms of reducing mathematics anxiety, motivating and increasing student achievement
Effectiveness assessment of urban waterlogging mitigation for low impact development in semi-mountainous regions under different storm conditions
Authors: Wang Dong , Fu Xiaoran , Luan Qinghua , Liu Jiahong , Wang Hao , Zhang Shuang
Published: December 2020

To assess the urban waterlogging mitigation effectiveness on low impact development (LID) in semi-mountainous regions, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a semi-mountainous region combined with GIS was generalized. The SWMM was calibrated and validated through maximum seeper depth of the checkpoints, and various LID scenarios have been designed according to local conditions. The discharge processes of outlets, surface runoff, peak flow and peak time were analyzed in different scenarios. The results show that: all the flow processes of outlets in the LID scenario are gentler than that in the status quo scenario, and the effectiveness of LIDs in semi-mountainous regions are different from that in plain regions because of the slope influence; in semi-mountainous regions, the LID effectiveness on surface runoff reduction decreases with the increase in rainfall return period or the extension of rainfall duration, but remains almost unchanged with the increase in rainfall peak coefficient; the LID effectiveness on control peak flow reduction is not remarkable with the change in rainfall characteristics, and the LID effectiveness on peak time delay is poor. This research can provide decision support for regional small-scale measures of urban waterlogging mitigation and reduction in semi-mountainous regions.
Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by adsorption on amorphous silicon dioxide from rice husks
Authors: Arefieva O. D. , Zemnukhova L. A. , Gorlova V. A. , Tsvetnov M. A.
Published: December 2020

This study shows the effect of conditions on methylene blue sorption from aqueous solutions using amorphous silicon dioxide obtained from rice husk by oxidative roasting with and without pre-treatment with 0.1 M HCl. Adsorption activity for methylene blue increases with increasing pH, reaching its maximum above the point of zero charge. Thermodynamic parameter values (ΔG298 > 0, ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0) indicate that methylene blue adsorption is exothermic and occurs with an increase in molecular mobility in the adsorption layer. The process is described by the Freundlich and Dubinin-Astakhov equations, which indicates that it is determined by both electrostatic interaction with active centers on the surface and the volumetric filling of micropores.
Plant Bioactive Peptides: Current Status and Prospects Towards Use on Human Health
Authors: Chai Tsun-Thai , Ee Kah-Yaw , Kumar D. Thirumal , Manan Fazilah Abd , Wong Fai-Chu
Published: December 2020

Large numbers of bioactive peptides with potential applications in protecting against human
diseases have been identified from plant sources. In this review, we summarized recent
progress in the research of plant-derived bioactive peptides, encompassing their production, biological
effects, and mechanisms. This review focuses on antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and
anticancer peptides, giving special attention to evidence derived from cellular and animal models.
Studies investigating peptides with known sequences and well-characterized peptidic fractions or
protein hydrolysates will be discussed. The use of molecular docking tools to elucidate inter-molecular
interactions between bioactive peptides and target proteins is highlighted. In conclusion, the accumulating
evidence from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies to date supports the envisioned applications
of plant peptides as natural antioxidants as well as health-promoting agents. Notwithstanding,
much work is still required before the envisioned applications of plant peptides can be realized.
To this end, future researches for addressing current gaps were proposed.
Metabolism-based Drug-drug Interactions in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Review Focusing on Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System
Authors: Baniasadi Shadi
Published: December 2020

Background:

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are increasing in prevalence, as reported by the
World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with CRDs usually require co-administration of multiple drugs
due to the complex pathogenic mechanisms of CRDs and the existence of concomitant diseases. Polypharmacy
(co-administration of more than four medications) is the main risk factor of the occurrence of drug-drug interactions
(DDIs) that may lead to reducing treatment efficacy and/or increasing adverse effects.

Methods:

This literature-based review focuses on metabolism-based DDIs, the most prevalent DDIs responsible
for difficulties in therapeutic management in patients with CRDs.

Results:

Clinically relevant metabolism-based DDIs occur between drugs used for the treatment of respiratory
diseases (corticosteroids, orally inhaled bronchodilators, methylxanthines, anti-leukotrienes, antimicrobials, endothelin
receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antitussives, and antineoplastic agents) and drugs affecting
cytochrome P450 (CYP) (inducers and inhibitors). Considering alternative therapies, adjusting medication
doses, or monitoring patients during treatment are recommended to prevent the harmful consequences of
these interactions.

Conclusion:

Providing information on clinically relevant interactions of drugs more likely prescribed in daily
practices of physicians is essential to improve patient safety. A list of known metabolism-based interactions of
drugs affecting the respiratory systems should be available for physicians engaged in the treatment of CRDs.
Haptoglobin Genotype Affects Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gusdon Aaron M. , Savarraj Jude , Zhu Liang , Pandit Peeyush K. Thankamani , Doré Sylvain , McBride Devin W. , Choi HuiMahn A. , Blackburn Spiros L.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Haptoglobin (Hp) binds to and facilitates clearance of heme. Compared
with HP 1-1 and 1-2 genotypes, HP 2-2 has a weaker binding affinity and has been linked with increased
inflammation and vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective:

This study aims to assess levels of inflammatory cytokines in the context of different
HP genotypes.

Methods:

Patients were enrolled among those presenting with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH.
Blood was drawn at four time points; <24 hours (T1), 24-48 hours (T2), 3-5 days (T3), and 6-8
days (T4). Blood was analyzed for levels of 41 cytokines at each time point, as well as for HP genotypes.
These data were analyzed using mixed-effect models to assess the association between HP
genotypes and cytokine levels. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was obtained at discharge,
3 months, and 6 months.

Results:

Fifty-seven patients were enrolled. Compared with HP 1-1 and 1-2, subjects encoding HP
2-2 had elevated levels of the following cytokines at all time points: FLT3L, IFNγ, IL-17A, TGFα,
and VEGF-A. Elevations were also seen at some time points for IL-8, CSF2, FGF2, IL-7,
IL-12p70, and TNFγ. This study was not powered to detect differences in the functional outcome;
however, there were no significant differences in dichotomized mRS scores between patients with
HP 1-1/1-2 or HP 2-2.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that HP 2-2 genotype leads to increased proinflammatory cytokine
levels compared with HP 1-1/1-2 genotypes. These data may provide guidance for further
studies seeking to identify testable markers for functional prognosis or targets for treatment.
Restoration of the Attenuated Neuroprotective Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning in Diabetic Mice by SGLT Inhibitor Phlorizin
Authors: Mehta Viny , Kumar Amit , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh , Singh Nirmal
Published: December 2020

Aim:

The study has been commenced to discover the potential of sodium dependent glucose
co-transporters (SGLT) in neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning (iPoCo)
in diabetic and non-diabetic mice.

Methods:

Cerebral ischemic injury in mice was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO)
for 12 min followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. For iPoCo, three episodes of carotid artery
reperfusion and occlusion of 10 sec each were instituted immediately after BCAO, followed by 24
hr reperfusion. Learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. Motor coordination
was assessed using rotarod test, inclined beam walking test, neurological severity score
(NSS), and lateral push response. Glutathione and Thiobarbituric acid reactive species level was
quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress; the cholinergic activity of the brain was estimated in
terms of acetylcholinestrase activity, and the levels of myeloperoxidase were measured as inflammation
marker. Cerebral infarct size was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.
Fasting blood glucose levels of animals were taken before and 6 hr after the surgical procedure.

Results:

BCAO resulted in impairment of memory and motor coordination and biochemical alterations
along with a marked rise in cerebral infarct size and NSS. iPoCo diminished the deadly effect
of BCAO in non-diabetic mice; however, it failed to abolish the deleterious effects of ischemia-
reperfusion injury in diabetic mice. Pretreatment of Phlorizin (SGLT-inhibitor) potentiated the
neuroprotective effects of iPoCo in non-diabetics and restored the protective effect of iPoCo in diabetic
mice.

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that the neuroprotective effect of iPoCo is abolished in diabetic
mice, and SGLT plays an important role in neuroprotection.
Thiazole-based Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents: Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling
Authors: Tratrat Christophe , Haroun Michelyne , Tsolaki Evangelia , Petrou Anthi , Gavalas Antonis , Geronikaki Athina
Published: December 2020

Background.:

Inflammation is a multifactorial process reflecting the response of the organism to various stimuli and is associated with a number of disorders such as arthritis, asthma and psoriasis, which require long-lasting or repeated treatment.

Objective.:

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of previous synthesized thiazole-based chalcone derivatives.

Methods:

Chalcones were synthesized via Cliazen-Schmidt condensation1-(4-methyl-2- alkylamino)thiazol-5-yl) ethanone with a corresponding aromatic aldehyde. For the evaluation of possible anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan mouse paw edema was used.

Results.:

Eight out of thirteen tested chalcones showed anti-inflammatory activity in a range of 51- 55%. Prediction of toxicity revealed that these compounds are not toxic.

Conclusion.:

In general, it can be concluded that these compounds can be used for further modifications in order to develop more active and safe agents.
Carboxylate-Functionalized P, N-Ligated Cobalt Catalysts for Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Ma Yangyang , Li Jiayun , Bai Ying , Peng Jiajian
Published: December 2020

A series of N, P-ligands bearing carboxyl groups have been synthesized. These have been applied in
conjunction with cobalt naphthenate in a facile, economic, and efficient method for the catalytic hydrosilylation
of alkenes. In the presence of KOtBu as an additive, the reaction time and activation energy are greatly reduced.
Modifications of Isoalantolactone Leading to Effective Anti-bacterial and Anti-viral Compounds
Authors: Patrushev Sergey S. , Burova Lyubov G. , Shtro Anna A. , Rybalova Tatyana V. , Baev Dmitry S. , Shirokikh Il’ya V. , Evstropov Alexander N. , Shults Elvira E.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Natural sesquiterpene lactones are an important class of heterocyclic compounds
in drug discovery since they possess a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial
activity.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to synthesize isoalantolactone derivatives with a furo[2,3-d]
pyrimidin-2-оne moiety, and to evaluate their antibacterial and antiviral activity.

Methods:

The Sonogashira cross-coupling and subsequent Ag-catalyzed cyclization reactions were
used forthe synthesis. The antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit biofilms formation on
E. coli, S. aureus, A. viscosus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial strains were evaluated in this
study. A study of the molecular interactions of new compounds with the multiple virulence factor
regulators was performed using docking simulations. The anti-viral activity against influenza A virus
and human orthopneumovirus H-2А was also studied.

Results:

The in vitro anti-bacterial activity for compound 4 (MIC = 58.33 ± 4.41 μg/mL) concerning
E. coli and compound 5 (MIC = 96.5 ± 3.25 μg/mL) against A. viscosus and the inhibition of biofilm
formation for compounds 2, 4, and 5 on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial
strains, have been of interest for the search of improved anti-microbial agents. Compound 3 possessed
antiviral activity against human orthopneumovirus H-2А with SI >33. The activity of the new
type of hybrid compounds is dependent on the substituent in the 6th position of the furo[2,3-d]
pyrimidin-2-one fragment.

Conclusion:

The decoration of isoalantolactone with a furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one fragment led to perspective antiviral and
antimicrobial agents. Due to antimicrobial activity, pyridine-4-yl substituted isoalantolactone-furopyrimidinone hybrid is
considered as a candidate compound to participate in further research.
Comparative Study of Encoder-decoder-based Convolutional Neural Networks in Cartilage Delineation from Knee Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Yong Ching Wai , Lai Khin Wee , Murphy Belinda Pingguan , Hum Yan Chai
Published: December 2020

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint inflammation that
may lead to disability. Although OA is not lethal, this disease will remarkably affect patient’s mobility
and their daily lives. Detecting OA at an early stage allows for early intervention and may
slow down disease progression.

Introduction:

Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique to visualize soft tissues within the
knee joint. Cartilage delineation in magnetic resonance (MR) images helps in understanding the disease
progressions. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in computer
vision tasks, and various encoder-decoder-based segmentation neural networks are introduced in
the last few years. However, the performances of such networks are unknown in the context of cartilage
delineation.

Methods:

This study trained and compared 10 encoder-decoder-based CNNs in performing cartilage
delineation from knee MR images. The knee MR images are obtained from the Osteoarthritis
Initiative (OAI). The benchmarking process is to compare various CNNs based on physical specifications
and segmentation performances.

Results:

LadderNet has the least trainable parameters with the model size of 5 MB. UNetVanilla
crowned the best performances by having 0.8369, 0.9108, and 0.9097 on JSC, DSC, and MCC.

Conclusion:

UNetVanilla can be served as a benchmark for cartilage delineation in knee MR images,
while LadderNet served as an alternative if there are hardware limitations during production.
An Insight into Pandemic COVID-19: Structure, Epidemiology and Therapeutics
Authors: Ajmera Shanthipriya , Bommanna Ranjitha H. , Ajmeera Divya , Dasyam Jayasree , Merugu Ramchander
Published: December 2020

The coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense ssRNA genome, possess
helical symmetry, and belongs to the family Coronaviridae. They cause mild to lethal respiratory
tract infections in both mammals and birds. The more pathogenic coronaviruses cause SARS,
MERS, and COVID-19. The recent coronavirus outbreak was first discovered in December 2019.
Subsequently, the disease has been declared as a pandemic by The World Health Organization
(WHO). The virus is named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and
the disease is now called COVID-19 [Coronavirus disease 2019]. The primary route of the virus
spread between people is through close contact where a healthy person inhales the respiratory droplets
from an infected person either by cough or sneezing. More than 2 million confirmed cases are
reported globally. The US has the world's largest number of COVID-19 cases followed by European
countries. As of April 18, 2020, 2 074 529 confirmed, and 139 378 deaths were reported.
Presently, there is no specific drug or vaccine that is approved to treat SARS-CoV-2. The practice
of hygienic measures such as frequent hand wash, use of masks, and social distancing would prevent
the spread of the disease. This review focuses on a brief description of the viral structure and
its multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics with a special mention on the nanotechnology approach
to combat covid-19. This review describes briefly the SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and its
multiplication, epidemiology and therapeutics.