bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-SEGMENTED SPINE JOINT REACTION FORCES DURING COMMON WORKPLACE PHYSICAL DEMANDS/ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
Authors: Breloff Scott P. , Chou Li-Shan
Published: August 2017

Objective: The quantification of inter-segmental spine joint reaction forces during common workplace physical demands. Background: Many spine reaction force models have focused on the L5/S1 or L4/L5 joints to quantify the vertebral joint reaction forces. However, the L5/S1 or L4/L5 approach neglects most of the intervertebral joints. Methods: The current study presents a clinically applicable and noninvasive model which calculates the spinal joint reaction forces at six different regions of the spine. Subjects completed four ambulatory activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossing, stair ascent, and stair descent. Results: Peak joint spinal reaction forces were compared between tasks and spine regions. Differences existed in the bodyweight normalized vertical joint reaction forces where the walking (8.05[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.19[Formula: see text]N/kg) task had significantly smaller peak reaction forces than the stair descent (12.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.32[Formula: see text]N/kg) agreeing with lower extremity data comparing walking and stair descent tasks. Conclusion: This method appears to be effective in estimating the joint reaction forces using a segmental spine model. The results suggesting the main effect of peak reactions forces in the segmental spine can be influenced by task.
FLUID ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A LUNG SIMULATOR WITH COPPER WOOL
Authors: Yan Rongguo , Bayaraa Tserentogtokh , Qiu Xiaoye , Li Junguo
Published: August 2017

A mechanical lung simulator is an important tool to simulate the severity of lung disease. In this paper, a lung simulator is proposed, which is composed of a glass bottle, a pressure sensor, copper wool, etc. Its working mechanism is based upon the ideal gas equation. The glass bottle simulates human lung, and copper wool is used to quickly keep gas temperature in the bottle stable. The main issue discussed is about how much copper wool is appropriate to approximate isothermal conditions when copper wool is uniformly placed in the lung simulator. Three aspects including (1) theoretical fluid analysis, computation, and derivation based upon the ideal gas equation; (2) three-dimensional geometric meshing and numerical simulation based upon the ANSYS FLUENT; and (3) the experiment reveals that copper wool corresponding to 2–3% by volume of the lung simulator is enough to quickly keep gas temperature in the lung simulator stable and to realize quasi-isothermal conditions.
Pattern of cerebral blood flow velocity using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in children with sickle cell disorder in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Adekunle Motunrayo Oluwabukola
Published: August 2017

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a common devastating neurological complication of sickle cell disorder (SCD) with a high recurrent and mortality rate. The Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anaemia study (STOP) recommends routine screening with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in children aged two to sixteen years with SCD. The present study assessed cerebral blood flow velocities of children with SCD in accordance with the recommendation of routine screening by the STOP study.Methods: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was done for children with SCD that attended Sickle Cell Foundation, Nigeria between July and November 2015.Results: In all, 388 subjects were screened within the study period (360 HbSS and 28 HbSC). The prevalence of abnormal Time-Averaged Maximum Mean Velocity (TAMMV) of at least 200cm/second was 10.8%: this was seen solely in HbSS subjects. The mean Time-averaged mean of the maximum (TAMM) velocity were 163 ± 25cm/sec, 162±30cm/sec and 150 ± 30cm/sec for children less than five years, five to ten years and eleven to sixteen years respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal TAMM velocity is high in children with HbSS. The need for availability of and accessibility to transcranial Doppler screening is emphasized.
XML Applications on the Web
Authors: Al-Awadai Zahra , Brüggemann-Klein Anne , Conrads Michael , Eichner Andreas , Sayih Marouane
Published: August 2017

How can we use XML, XQuery, and SCXML (State Chart XML) to implement the Model component in a Model-View-Controller web application? First we must be able to do function decomposition of XQuery functions that perform updates (a task rendered more complex by XQuery's restrictions on updating expressions). Then we would like a systematic method of using UML state diagrams in the design of the web application and of integrating an SCXML processor into the implementation of the Model component. A BaseX extension implementing the WebSockets protocol enables us to make the Model observable and thus to realize multi-player games that require server push. All these practices are compatible with domain-driven design and model-driven solutions; they pave the way for XML developers to create XML-based applications on the web.
An XSLT Translator for the openEHR Archetype Definition Language
Authors: Chelsom John J. L.
Published: August 2017

The cityEHR Electronic Health Records system is a pure XML application for managing patient health records, using open standards. The structure of the health record follows the definition in the ISO 13606 standard, which is used in cityEHR as a basis for clinicians to develop specific information models for the patient data they gather for clinical and research purposes. In cityEHR these models are represented as OWL/XML ontologies. The most widely adopted approach to modelling patient data in accordance with ISO 13606 is openEHR, which uses its own Archetype Definition Language to specify the information models used in compliant health records systems. This paper describes a translator for the Archetype Definition Language, implemented using XSLT and XML pipeline processing, which generates OWL/XML suitable for use in cityEHR.
Compiling XSLT3, in the browser, in itself
Authors: Lumley John , Lockett Debbie , Kay Michael
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the development of a compiler for XSLT3.0 which can run directly in modern browsers. It exploits a virtual machine written in JavaScript, Saxon-JS, which interprets an execution plan for an XSLT transform, consuming source documents and interpolating the results into the displayed web page. Ordinarily these execution plans (Stylesheet Export File, SEF), which are written in XML, are generated offline by the Java-based Saxon-EE product. Saxon-JS has been extended to handle dynamic XPath evaluation, by adding an XPath parser and a compiler from the XPath parse tree to SEF. By constructing an XSLT transform that consumes an XSLT stylesheet and creates an appropriate SEF, exploiting this XPath compiler, we have managed to construct an in-browser compiler for XSLT3.0 with high levels of standards compilance. This opens the way to support both dynamic transforms, in-browser stylesheet construction and execution and a potential route to language-portable XSLT compiler technologies.
Automatically Denormalizing Document Relationships
Authors: Thompson Will
Published: August 2017

Native XML databases provide no exception to the problem that data may not be easily contained by any single data storage idiom. Many-to-many relationships, in particular, present a unique problem for documents, as strategies for joining across documents are a potential minefield of software maintenance and performance problems. Automatic denormalization shifts the responsibilty for managing relationships to write-time, making an explicit trade-off for simplicity and speed at runtime. This paper discusses existing strategies for managing relationships across documents and explores design patterns and use cases for performing automatic denormalization and their trade-offs.
Finding the Tipping Point in Automated Markup During Up-Translation
Authors: Gebhard Caitlin
Published: August 2017

Up-translation can be accomplished using both automation and manual techniques. For most complex content, complete automation can introduce errors or miss content that requires tagging, but manual tagging is time consuming and potentially error prone. The best results can be obtained by finding a middle ground between automation and manual tagging. However, finding that middle ground is, itself, a challenge, and addressing that challenge requires a careful balancing act of investing in software development for automation, automatic flagging of suspect cases for manual review, and designing a tagging and quality-assurance workflow that is both robust and efficient. This paper discusses the inevitable inconsistencies, ambiguities, and “gotcha” moments that are encountered when up-translating scholarly manuscripts to models such as JATS and BITS, and provides recommendations for balancing automation with manual review.
Up and Sideways
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: August 2017

A conversion of hundreds of Rich Text Format documents to highly structured XML is always going to be a challenge and a showcase of XML technologies, even if you are excluded from a number of them. This paper is a case study of one such conversion, dealing with migrating huge volumes of legal commentary, more specifically the classic standard text Halsbury's Laws of England, from RTF to XML so new editions can be authored and published in XML to various paper and online publication targets.

While describing the migration approach in any detail would probably require a book-length paper, this attempts to highlight some of the challenges and their solutions.
Uphill to XML with XSLT, XProc … and HTML
Authors: Piez Wendell
Published: August 2017

HTML is a widely familiar vernacular for ad-hoc representation of documents, and can be useful as a staging ground for decomposing and breaking down the more complex operations in uphill data transformation. HTML, syntactically well-formed and maintained within XML pipelines with well-defined interfaces, can usefully join XSLT and XProc to provide for a complete up-conversion or data-enhancement pipeline – especially when the ultimate target is semantically richer than HTML. In a project based on this approach, lessons learned include: “Many steps may be easier than one”; “If it doesn't work, try it the other way around”; and “Validation is in the eye of the beholder”.
Emission Factors of Black Carbon and Co-pollutants from Diesel Vehicles in Mexico City
Authors: Zavala Miguel , Molina Luisa T. , Yacovitch Tara I. , Fortner Edward C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Floerchinger Cody , Herndon Scott C. , Kolb Charles E. , Knighton Walter B. , Paramo Victor Hugo , Zirath Sergio , Mejia José Antonio , Jazcilevich Aron
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Diesel-powered vehicles are intensively used in urban areas for transporting goods and people but can substantially contribute to high emissions of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and other gaseous pollutants. Strategies aimed at controlling mobile emissions sources thus have the potential to improve air quality as well as help mitigate impacts of air pollutants on climate, ecosystems, and human health. However, in developing countries there are limited data on the BC and OC emission characteristics of diesel-powered vehicles and thus there are large uncertainties in the estimation of the emission contributions from these sources. We measured BC, OC and other inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM), as well as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ethane, acetylene, benzene, toluene, and C2-benzenes under real-world driving conditions of 20 diesel-powered vehicles encompassing multiple emission level technologies in Mexico City with the chasing technique using the Aerodyne mobile laboratory. Average BC emission factors ranged from 0.41–2.48 g/kg-fuel depending on vehicle type. The vehicles were also simultaneously measured using the cross-road remote sensing technique to obtain the emission factors of nitrogen oxide (NO), CO, total hydrocarbons, and fine PM, thus allowing the inter-comparison of the results from the two techniques. There is overall good agreement between the two techniques and both can identify high and low emitters but substantial differences were found in some of the vehicles, probably due to the ability of the chasing technique to capture a larger diversity of driving conditions in comparison to the remote sensing technique. A comparison of the results with the US-EPA MOVES-2014b model showed that the model underestimates CO, OC, and selected VOC species whereas there is better agreement for NOx and BC. Larger OC / BC ratios were found in comparison to ratios measured in California using the same technique, further demonstrating the need for using locally-obtained diesel-powered vehicle emission factors database in developing countries in order to reduce the uncertainty in the emissions estimates and to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of emissions reduction measures.
Temporally-Delineated Sources of Major Chemical Species in High Arctic Snow
Authors: Macdonald Katrina M. , Sharma Sangeeta , Toom Desiree , Chivulescu Alina , Platt Andrew , Elsasser Mike , Huang Lin , Leaitch Richard , Chellman Nathan , McConnell Joseph R. , Bozem Heiko , Kunkel Daniel , Lei Ying Duan , Jeong Cheol-Heon , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Evans Greg J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Long-range transport of aerosol from lower latitudes to the high Arctic may be a significant contributor to climate forcing in the Arctic. To identify the sources of key contaminants entering the Canadian high Arctic an intensive campaign of snow sampling was completed at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015. Fresh snow samples collected every few days were analysed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and this rich data provided an opportunity for a temporally-refined source apportionment of snow composition via Positive Matrix Factorization in conjunction with FLEXPART potential emission sensitivity analysis. Seven source factors were identified: sea salt, regional dust, Eurasian fossil fuel combustion, mixed carboxylic acid sources, nitrate processing, Eurasian industrial activities, and regional volcanic and marine biogenic activity. The majority (73 %) of the black carbon in snow, a light-absorbing compound critical to the Arctic radiative balance, was found to be the product of fossil fuel burning with limited biomass burning influence.
Optical flow gas velocity analysis in plumes using UV cameras – Implications for SO2-emission-rate retrievals investigated at Mt. Etna, Italy, and Guallatiri, Chile
Authors: Gliß Jonas , Stebel Kerstin , Kylling Arve , Sudbø Aasmund
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Accurate gas velocity measurements in emission plumes are highly desirable for various atmospheric remote sensing applications. The imaging technique of UV SO2 cameras is commonly used for monitoring of SO2 emissions from volcanoes and anthropogenic sources (e.g. power plants, ships). The camera systems capture the emission plumes at high spatial and temporal resolution. This allows to retrieve the gas velocities in the plume directly from the images. The latter can be measured at a pixel level using optical flow (OF) algorithms. This is particularly advantageous under turbulent plume conditions. However, OF algorithms intrinsically rely on contrast in the images and often fail to detect motion in low-contrast image areas. We present a new method to identify ill-constraint OF motion-vectors and replace them using the local average velocity vector. The latter is derived based on histograms of the retrieved OF motion-fields. The new method is applied to two example datasets recorded at Mt. Etna (Italy) and Guallatiri (Chile). We show that in many cases, the uncorrected OF yields significantly underestimated SO2-emission-rates. We further show, that our proposed correction can account for this and that it significantly improves the reliability of optical flow based gas velocity retrievals. In the case of Mt. Etna, the SO2 emissions of the north-east crater are investigated. The corrected SO2-emission-rates range between 4.8–10.7 kg/s (average: 7.1 ± 1.3 kg/s) and are in good agreement with previously reported values. For the Guallatiri data, the emissions of the central crater and a fumarolic field are investigated. The retrieved SO2-emission-rates are between 0.5–2.9 kg/s (average: 1.3–0.5 kg/s) and provide the first report of SO2 emissions from this remotely located and inaccessible volcano.
VESPA-22: a ground-based microwave spectrometer for long-term measurements of Polar stratospheric water vapor
Authors: Mevi Gabriele , Muscari Giovanni , Bertagnolio Pietro Paolo , Fiorucci Irene , Pace Giandomenico
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The new ground-based 22 GHz spectrometer, VESPA-22 (water Vapor Emission Spectrometer for Polar Atmosphere at 22 GHz) measures the 22.23 GHz water vapor emission line with a bandwith of 500 MHz and a frequency resolution of 31 kHz. The integration time for a measurement is of the order of hours, depending on season and weather conditions. Water vapor spectra are collected using the beam switching technique. VESPA-22 is designed to operate automatically with minimum need of maintenance; it employs an uncooled front-end characterized by a receiver temperature of about 180 K and its quasi-optical system presents a half power full beam angle of 3.5°. VESPA-22 measures also the sky opacity with a temporal resolution of two measurements an hour using the tipping curve technique. The instrument calibration is performed automatically by a noise diode; the emission temperature of this element is measured two times an hour through the observation of a black body at ambient temperature and of the sky at 60° of elevation. The retrieved profiles obtained inverting a 24-hour integration spectra present a sensitivity higher than 0.8 from about 25 to 72 km of altitude, a vertical resolution from about 12 to 23 km (depending on altitude) and an overall 1σ uncertainty between 5 and 12 %. In July 2016, VESPA-22 was installed at the THAAO (Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory) located at Thule Air Base (76.5° N, 68.8° W), Greenland, and has been operating almost continuously since then, with very few interruption periods characterized by poor weather. The VESPA-22 water vapor mixing ratio vertical profiles discussed in this work cover the period from July 2016 to May 2017 and are compared with Version 4.2 of concurrent Aura/MLS (Waters et al., 2006) water vapor vertical profiles. In the sensitivity range of VESPA-22 retrievals, the intercomparison between the VESPA-22 dataset and Aura/MLS dataset convolved with VESPA-22 averaging kernels reveals a correlation coefficient of about 0.9 or higher and an average difference reaching its maximum of −6 % or −0.2 ppmv at the top of the sensitivity range.
Comparison of ozone profiles from DIAL, MLS, and chemical transport model simulations over Río Gallegos, Argentina during the spring Antarctic vortex breakup, 2009
Authors: Sugita Takafumi , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Wolfram Elián , Salvador Jacobo , Ohyama Hirofumi , Mizuno Akira
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This study evaluates the agreement between ozone profiles derived from the ground-based DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), satellite-borne Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and 3-D chemical transport model simulations (MIROC-CTM) over the South Patagonian Atmospheric Observatory (OAPA, 51.6° S, 69.3° W) in Río Gallegos, Argentina from September to November 2009. In this austral spring, measurements were performed in the vicinity of the polar vortex, and inside it on some occasions; they revealed the variability in potential vorticity (PV) of measured air masses. Comparisons between DIAL and MLS were performed between 6 hPa and 100 hPa with 500 km and 24 h coincidence criteria. The results show a good agreement between DIAL and MLS with mean differences of ±0.1 ppmv (MLS – DIAL, n = 180) between 6 hPa and 56 hPa. MIROC-CTM also agrees to DIAL, with mean differences of ±0.3 ppmv (MIROC-CTM – DIAL, n = 23) between 10 hPa and 56 hPa. Both comparisons provide mean differences of 0.5 ppmv (MLS) to 0.8–0.9 ppmv (MIROC-CTM) at the 83–100 hPa levels. DIAL tends to underestimate ozone values at this lower altitude region. Between 6 hPa and 8 hPa, the MIROC-CTM ozone value is 0.4–0.6 ppmv (5–8 %) smaller than those from DIAL. Applying the scaled PV criterion for matching pairs in the DIAL/MLS comparison, the variability in the difference decreases 21–47 % between 10 hPa and 56 hPa. However, the mean differences are slight for all pressure levels, except 6 hPa. Because ground measurement sites in the Southern Hemisphere are very sparse at mid- to high-latitudes, i.e., 35–60° S, the OAPA site is unique for evaluating the bias and long-term stability of satellite instruments. The good performance of this DIAL system will be useful for such purposes in the future.
Carbon amendment stimulates benthic nitrogen cycling during the bioremediation of particulate aquaculture waste
Authors: Robinson Georgina , MacTavish Thomas , Savage Candida , Caldwell Gary S. , Jones Clifford L. W. , Probyn Trevor , Eyre Bradley D. , Stead Selina M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The treatment of organic wastes remains one of the key sustainability challenges facing the growing global aquaculture industry. Bioremediation systems based on coupled bioturbation―microbial processing offer a promising route for waste management. We present, for the first time, a combined biogeochemical-molecular analysis of the short-term performance of one such system that is designed to process nitrogen-rich particulate aquaculture wastes. Using sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra) as a model bioturbator we provide evidence that adjusting the waste C : N from 5 : 1 to 20 : 1 promoted a shift in nitrogen cycling pathways towards the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), resulting in net NH4+ efflux into the sediment and retention of nitrogen within the system. The carbon amended treatment exhibited an overall net N2 uptake whereas the control receiving only aquaculture waste exhibited net N2 production, indicating that carbon supplementation enhanced nitrogen fixation. The higher NH4+ efflux and N2 uptake was further supported by metagenome predictions that indicate that organic carbon addition stimulated DNRA over denitrification. These findings indicate that carbon addition can provide a means to successfully bioremediate nitrogen-rich effluents. Longer-term trials are necessary to determine whether this nitrogen retention is translated into improved sea cucumber biomass yields.
Global-scale evaluation of 23 precipitation datasets using gauge
observations and hydrological modeling
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Vergopolan Noemi , Pan Ming , Levizzani Vincenzo , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Weedon Graham , Brocca Luca , Pappenberger Florian , Huffman George J. , Wood Eric F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 23 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000–2016. Thirteen non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76 086 gauges worldwide. Another ten gauge-corrected datasets were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the conceptual model HBV against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized (
Skill of a global forecasting system in seasonal ensemble streamflow prediction
Authors: Candogan Yossef Naze , van Beek Rens , Weerts Albrecht , Winsemius Hessel , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In this study we assess the skill of seasonal streamflow forecasts with the global hydrological forecasting system Flood Early Warning System (FEWS)-World, which has been set up within the European Commission 7th Framework Programme Project Global Water Scarcity Information Service (GLOWASIS). FEWS-World incorporates the distributed global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB (PCRaster Global Water Balance). We produce ensemble forecasts of monthly discharges for 20 large rivers of the world, with lead times of up to 6 months, forcing the system with bias-corrected seasonal meteorological forecast ensembles from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and with probabilistic meteorological ensembles obtained following the ESP procedure. Here, the ESP ensembles, which contain no actual information on weather, serve as a benchmark to assess the additional skill that may be obtained using ECMWF seasonal forecasts. We use the Brier skill score (BSS) to quantify the skill of the system in forecasting high and low flows, defined as discharges higher than the 75th and lower than the 25th percentiles for a given month, respectively. We determine the theoretical skill by comparing the results against model simulations and the actual skill in comparison to discharge observations. We calculate the ratios of actual-to-theoretical skill in order to quantify the percentage of the potential skill that is achieved. The results suggest that the performance of ECMWF S3 forecasts is close to that of the ESP forecasts. While better meteorological forecasts could potentially lead to an improvement in hydrological forecasts, this cannot be achieved yet using the ECMWF S3 dataset.
Crustal heat production and estimate of terrestrial heat flow in central East Antarctica, with implications for thermal input to the East Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Goodge John W.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Terrestrial heat flow is a critical first-order factor governing the thermal condition and, therefore, mechanical stability of Antarctic ice sheets, yet heat flow across Antarctica is poorly known. Previous estimates of terrestrial heat flow come from inversion of seismic and magnetic geophysical data, by modeling temperature profiles in ice boreholes, and by calculation from heat production values reported for exposed bedrock. Although accurate estimates of surface heat flow are important as an input parameter for ice-sheet growth and stability models, there are no direct measurements of terrestrial heat flow in East Antarctica coupled to either subglacial sediment or bedrock. Bedrock outcrop is limited to coastal margins and rare inland exposures, yet valuable estimates of heat flow in central East Antarctica can be extrapolated from heat production determined by the geochemical composition of glacial rock clasts eroded from the continental interior. In this study, U, Th and K concentrations in a suite of Proterozoic (1.2–2.0 Ga) granitoids sourced within the Byrd and Nimrod glacial drainages of central East Antarctica indicate average upper crustal heat production (Ho) of about 2.6 ± 1.9 μW m-3. Assuming typical mantle and lower crustal heat flux for stable continental shields, and a length scale for the distribution of heat production in the upper crust, the heat production values determined for individual samples yield estimates of surface heat flow (qo) ranging from 33–84 mW m-2 and an average of 48.0 ± 13.6 mW m-2. Estimates of heat production obtained for this suite of glacially-sourced granitoids therefore indicate that the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet is underlain in part by Proterozoic continental lithosphere with average surface heat flow, providing constraints on both geodynamic history and ice-sheet stability. The ages and geothermal characteristics of the granites indicate that crust in central East Antarctica resembles that in the Proterozoic Arunta and Tenant Creek inliers of Australia, but is dissimilar to other areas characterized by anomalously high heat flow in the Central Australian Heat Flow Province. Age variation within the sample suite indicates that central East Antarctic lithosphere is heterogeneous, yet the average heat production and heat flow of four age subgroups cluster around the group mean, indicating minor variation in thermal contribution to the overlying ice sheet from upper crustal heat production. Despite their minor differences, ice-sheet models may favor a geologically realistic model of crustal heat flow represented by such a distribution of ages and geothermal characteristics.
Transition from diagnosis to regular medication use for adults with HIV/AIDS infection
Authors: Wang Shou-Yu , Liu Shu-Hui , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: August 2017

Every year, approximately 5 million new HIV and AIDS cases are diagnosed worldwide. With advances in treatment, the lifespan of patients with HIV/AIDS has been extended, with the disease becoming a chronic condition, meaning that long-term care is necessary and complicated. Through effective treatment compliance with high-potency antiviral medication, in viva viral replication can be suppressed; thus, the life expectancy of individual patients can be extended. Therefore, taking medication regularly is crucial for patients. This study employed the grounded theory approach, using a semi structured method to conduct in-depth interviews with 10 participants with HIV/AIDS in Taiwan. Open, axial, and selective coding were used for data analysis. Results: The five categories comprised symptoms resulting from HIV/AIDS, the initial reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, preventative strategies for self-protection, management of interpersonal relationships, and strategies for taking medication regularly. The core category was accepting reality and living with HIV/AIDS. This paper suggests that public education should be used to remove the stigma of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, combining prevention, education, consultation, counseling, testing, and treatment for effective management can increase medication compliance.
Atividades de intervenção com o uso do gênero charge para o ensino de geografia na educação básica
Authors: Oliveira Rosangela Miola Galvão de , Silva Roberta Francieli da , Dias Vânia Alboneti Terra , Franco Sandra Aparecida Pires
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o gênero charge contribui para o ensino de Geografia na Educação Básica, assim como apresentar a proposta de intervenção para a percepção da leitura crítica com alunos de uma instituição de ensino pública do Estado do Paraná. A investigação buscou verificar se os alunos conseguem identificar nos gêneros trabalhados em sala de aula, em especial a charge, as diferentes dimensões, tais como: política, econômica, social, cultural, religiosa, que contribuem para a apropriação de conceitos geopolíticos e também para a formação de leitores. A base teórico-metodológica de caráter bibliográfico e cunho qualitativo utilizou o Materialismo Histórico e Dialético como fonte de análise, assim como referência para a análise das produções dos alunos, pois essa concepção teórica é uma das possibilidades de transformação social. Os participantes foram cerca de 30 alunos de duas turmas do 8º no escolar. A metodologia consistiu no uso de uma apostila produzida pelos integrantes do OBEDUC com atividades que seguem os 5 passos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica: prática social inicial, problematização, instrumentalização, catarse, prática social final. A investigação serviu para a organização de Atividades de intervenção em leitura com o uso de charges, uma vez que os alunos demonstram grande dificuldade na compreensão de textos que possuem como base a leitura imagética. Os resultados indicam que os alunos apresentam maior afinidade com o gênero charge, portanto, é preciso que o gênero esteja constantemente presente nas aulas para que o aluno e o professor possam utilizá-lo como base para a problematização dos diferentes aspectos que envolvem o desenvolvimento humano.
A crença de autoeficácia dos formandos de um curso de pedagogia em relação ao exercício profissional
Authors: Alliprandini Paula Mariza Zedu , De Souza Diana Aparecida
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho está embasado na Teoria Social Cognitiva, mais especificamente referente ao constructo das crenças de autoeficácia, definida como o julgamento das pessoas sobre suas capacidades para organizar e executar cursos de ação necessários para alcançar certos tipos de desempenhos. Teve como objetivo geral analisar a crença de autoeficácia dos acadêmicos do último ano do curso de Pedagogia de uma Instituição Pública em relação ao exercício profissional e como objetivos específicos comparar o nível de autoeficácia dos acadêmicos em relação ao exercício profissional edo período de oferta do curso e analisar os itens Decisão de carreira e Autoeficácia Profissional dos acadêmicos separadamente.Participaram da pesquisa 76 acadêmicos formandos, matriculados nos períodos matutino e noturno, de uma Universidade Pública. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário sóciodemográfico e uma escala do tipo Likert, de cinco pontos, contendo questões referentes à Decisão de Carreira e Autoeficácia Profissional. No geral, a análise dos dados evidenciou que os acadêmicos apresentaram um nível de crença moderado. Porém, aqueles que participaram de atividades acadêmicas complementares, bem como atuavam na área de Educação, apresentaram maiores escores em relação aos demais. Provavelmente, a participação nestas atividades tenha promovido uma experiência de domínio positiva, a partir dos conhecimentos adquiridos e da relação teoria prática estabelecida. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância do colegiado e docentes do curso incentivarem a participação dos alunos nestas atividades,de forma a levar com que os futuros professores desenvolvam uma crença positiva em relação ao exercício profissional.
Call Center Workers Emotional Labor and its Influence on their Performance in Dealing with Senior Citizens in Jordan Telecommunication Companies
Authors: Hashem Tareq N.
Published: August 2017

The current study examines the influence of the emotional labor of call center workers on their dealing with senior customers in their job on daily bases. The sample of the study consisted of (250) employee within the call center department in the three major telecommunication companies in Jordan. After distributing the questionnaire of the study; (231) questionnaires were properly filled for statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that among the dimensions of EL; surface acting appeared to be the most influential variable on the performance of the employees and the most one used among the sample of the study. In addition to that, it appeared that organizations which have a call center department tend to train their employees on the bases of surface acting in order for them to be able to deal with all types of customers and present the best performance they can.
Determinants and Consequences of Product Differentiation Strategy: Evidence from Chinese Indigenous Exporters
Authors: Ju Xuenan , Tong Lili , Hu Zuohao , Sun Baowen
Published: August 2017

Focusing on Chinese indigenous exporters, this research investigates the antecedents of the product differentiation strategy (PDS), and its impacts on export performance with the moderating role of export target markets. Drawing from the contingency theory and strategy management framework, the authors adopt structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the survey data collected from 195 Chinese indigenous exporters. The empirical results suggest that the PDS positively affects Chinese exporters’ performance. Firms are more likely to adopt the PDS when innovation and marketing capabilities are high and when they export to turbulent markets. The positive impact of the PDS on export performance is stronger when firms export to developed (vs. other emerging) markets. With the unique perspective from emerging markets, the authors theoretically discuss and empirically examine the antecedents-PDS-performance link. This research suggests that Chinese export firms rationally adopt the PDS and actively cultivate technology and innovation capability and international marketing competence on export businesses.
Solidão e medo na ficção e em tecnologias contemporâneas
Authors: De Almeida Bruno Vasconcelos
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo investiga duas dimensões da experiência subjetiva presentes na literatura, sobretudo na literatura de ficção científica, e na relação contemporânea entre homens e tecnologias. Se, por um lado, máquinas e tecnologias criam um cenário de ameaça ao homem, mobilizando medos e fantasmas; por outro, a solidão parece indicar uma saída política e ética para os processos de vigilância e captura em curso no jogo das conexões permanentes e na produção incessante de corpos biopolíticos do contemporâneo. Do ponto de vista teórico e metodológico, o passeio pela literatura e a análise de tecnologias estão atrelados aos pensamentos de Gilbert Simondon, Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze. O trabalho aponta para a positividade da solidão enquanto resistência e linha de fuga, indicando ao mesmo tempo a recusa de posições tecnofóbicas e tecnofílicas.
Do realismo ao pós-realismo
Authors: Schøllhammer Karl Erik
Published: August 2017

Quando falamos de realismo em relação à literatura brasileira contemporânea, acontece normalmente na chave da continuação do projeto histórico do romance do século 19 ou da perspectiva de um projeto representativo incompleto que ainda merece respeito e atenção pela tarefa de visualizar a realidade marginalizada, excluída e periférica da sociedade brasileira, principalmente nas grande cidades. Em ambos os casos entende-se o realismo como um projeto representativo fortemente motivado pela consciência política e ética das injustiças excludentes de uma sociedade autoritária que amarra a literatura brasileira ao realismo. Nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, as narrativas de nossos vizinhos latino-americanos enveredavam por caminhos do fantástico e do realismo mágico, a literatura brasileira reformulava o realismo social do romance de 30 à prosa urbana da década de 1960. E, mesmo durante um certo fervor libertário do experimentalismo metadiscursivo do pós-moderno, da década de 1980, o realismo sempre foi a referência principal.
Das amarras do poder às entrelinhas do discurso: a pedagogia ambígua da favela em Capão Pecado, de Ferréz
Authors: Stacul Juan Filipe
Published: August 2017

Pretende-se, no presente trabalho, investigar como o narrador de Capão Pecado propõe um contraponto ao código de moral da marginalidade, assumindo um tom pedagógico ambíguo que, ao mesmo tempo, critica o “sistema” e valoriza as regras de moralidade por este pregoadas. Para tal análise, pretende-se relacionar a instância narrativa da obra em questão com os pressupostos teóricos de Michel Foucault sobre a dissolução das relações de poder, representada pela figura do panóptico. Verifica-se, com isso, que os valores morais da sociedade tradicional burguesa dissolvem-se nas mais diversas estruturas, diluindo, nesse processo, algumas fronteiras entre centro e margem para se estabelecer como norma até mesmo onde são questionados e subvertidos.
Mediação narrativa na geração de 30: Graciliano Ramos e o empilhamento palimpséstico de vozes e recursos estilísticos
Authors: Marinho Marcelo , Tirloni Larissa Paula
Published: August 2017

Vidas secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos, abraça as premissas do Romance de 30 e toma como pretexto o drama social e existencial dos retirantes para, por meio de expressivos recursos estilísticos transculturados de sua matriz poética europeia, induzir o leitor a uma prospecção no espaço existente entre a consciência (fictícia) dos personagens e o extenso e corrediço hipertexto em que se verbaliza o drama da própria condição humana. Por meio de um discurso que se desenvolve sob múltiplos registros de linguagem, o narrador apresenta-se como mediador de imbricadas cartografias da existência: os distintos focos narrativos e fontes de enunciação resultam de um antropofágico empilhamento palimpséstico de vozes de múltiplas origens.

Palavras-chave: Vidas secas. Condição humana. Geração de 30. Recursos estilísticos. Mediação discursiva.
A mediação literária da realidade colonial: representações da realidade nas literaturas africanas em português
Authors: Mata Inocência
Published: August 2017

No radicalismo de uma época de intolerância político-ideológica, como a época vivida nos anos 30-70 do século XX português, dominado pela ideologia (imperial e ditatorial) do Estado Novo, a literatura foi instância importante que buscou registar a realidade através de uma representação objectiva. Era preciso perseguir uma nova ordem política e social (na metrópole e nas colónias) e a transfiguração da realidade em arte (no caso em texto) foi a estratégia plausível para a transfiguração da realidade sócio-política para o campo literário, para parafrasear Miguel Real. Quase meio século depois, após o 25 de Abril, que levou à Revolução dos Cravos e acelerou as independências políticas das colónias portuguesas de África (1973-1975), como é possível entender esta estética – “estilo realista” na expressão de Miguel Real – e apreender a potencialidade anticolonial da estética que efectuou o registodesse tempo em obras de diferentes origens geoculturais, como as africanas, produzidas, tal como as portuguesas, sob o signo da censura?

 
Ordenación del espacio marino para buques transatlánticos en porto Belo, Santa Catarina (BR)
Authors: Piazza Gustavo Antonio , Polette Marcus
Published: August 2017

Porto Belo es una ciudad brasileña que se basa económicamente en el turismo y la pesca. El turismo de verano juega un papel importante y se sucede debido la presencia de playas, bosques de ‘Mata Atlântica’, comercio y atractivos acuáticos. Por tener una alta importancia turística, la ciudad está inclusa en la escala de buques transatlánticos de la costa brasileña, contribuyendo económicamente con Porto Belo. Sin embargo, estos buques también producen efectos ambientales y sociales, como la generación de residuos, aguas residuales, emisiones, conflictos con la población, intensificación turística y alteración de la calidad de la infraestructura local. Estos efectos en él espacio marino han despertado el interés por estudios que orienten el manejo del turismo acuático, como la Guía de Ordenación del Espacio Marino (“Marine Spatial Planning”) creada por la UNESCO en 2009. En consecuencia disto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar y analizar la distribución espacial de los buques, para ordenar el uso del espacio marino en Porto Belo con esta guía. Para ello, se hizo estudios de campo, talleres de integración con la población y uso de la herramienta AutoCAD para georeferenciar los datos. Al final, se generó un mapa de ordenación espacial marina y se discutió sobre la delimitación del lugar más deseada para anclaje de los buques transatlánticos en Porto Belo.
Assessment of the first decade (1994-2004) of west indian manatee´ reintroduction (trichechus manatus) program in the northeastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Lima Régis Pinto de , Passavante José Zanon
Published: August 2017

Thirteen captive manatees were released and tagged in three different northeastern coastal areas as part of the Brazilian Manatee Reintroduction Program from October 1994 to December 2004. All individuals were monitored locally with VHF transmitters and four were also tracked with satellite tags for different lengths of time. Manatees were tracked from Praia do Forte, Bahia state (12.538ºS/38.474ºW) to Macau, Rio Grande do Norte state (5.084ºS/36.682ºW) along 1200 coastal km of the northeast six states. To evaluate the re-adaptation process was the main objectives of this work, which will hopefully help researchers to make decisions in the future. Two release areas (RA) were beaches with shallow waters, seagrass beds, reefs and close to small rivers; and one was located inside a large estuary with few seagrass beds. Captivity time was not considered in this evaluation but can be an important factor on the success of the manatee reintroduction program. Five manatees occupied home ranges and each contained sites of high fidelity where they spent considerable time. Two manatees were re-captured shortly after release, having moved long distances, including offshore movements into deep waters. Six manatees had few tracked time. Although manatees had few age when released they have found natural conditions for them survival including reproductive behavior. The fidelity sites choose to release manatees in terms of environmental was very similar. A discontinuous occurrence area (RA2) has been used by some released manatees where a first released manatee female had her calf. We strongly recommend: Continuous of this Manatee Reintroduction Program, to protect this three released areas, develop studies in fidelity sites and one new release area in Ceara coast.
Photodynamic therapy in consolidation of carapace fracture in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Sellera Fábio , Fernandes Lorie Tukamoto , Teixeira Carlos Roberto , Pogliani Fabio Celidonio , Dutra Gustavo Henrique Pereira , Nascimento Cristiane Lassálvia
Published: August 2017

Sea turtles have great longevity and exhibit a complex life history that includes pronounced changes in their development. All sea turtles species are on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN, classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. Among traumatic changes that affect turtles, there are the carapace and plastron fractures that can occur primarily as a result of attacks by predators, boar propellers, among others. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy in consolidation of fracture in a species of green turtles (Chelonia mydas).
Extensive analysis of native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis L. populations across the world shows no traces of polyploidization
Authors: Irimia Ramona-Elena , Montesinos Daniel , Eren Özkan , Lortie Christopher J. , French Kristine , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Sotes Gastón J. , Hierro José L. , Jorge Andreia , Loureiro João
Published: August 2017

Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae) is a Eurasian native plant introduced as an exotic into North and South America, and Australia, where it is regarded as a noxious invasive. Changes in ploidy level have been found to be responsible for numerous plant biological invasions, as they are involved in trait shifts critical to invasive success, like increased growth rate and biomass, longer life-span, or polycarpy. C. solstitialis had been reported to be diploid (2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes), however, actual data are scarce and sometimes contradictory. We determined for the first time the absolute nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and estimated ploidy level in 52 natural populations of C. solstitialis across its native and non-native ranges, around the world. All the C. solstitialis populations screened were found to be homogeneously diploid (average 2C value of 1.72 pg, SD = ±0.06 pg), with no significant variation in DNA content between invasive and non-invasive genotypes. We did not find any meaningful difference among the extensive number of native and non-native C. solstitialis populations sampled around the globe, indicating that the species invasive success is not due to changes in genome size or ploidy level.