bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Mobile Phone Addiction in Secondary School Pupils
Authors: Kachlík Petr
Published: June 2022

Background: the urge to use mobile devices constantly and anxiety that might come in case of impossibility to use them, represent one of the forms of behavioral addictions, the so-called nomophobia. Nomophobia negatively affects all attributes of human health, seriously affects its mental, physical and social components. Objectives: the main objective of the research was to determine the degree of nomophobia in a sample of secondary school students, the partial objective was to map potentially risky areas with the use of modern information and communication technologies. Methods: a quantitative method was chosen to carry out the survey, and an anonymous questionnaire containing a standardized core was used as a research tool. It consisted of 20 items focused on respondents' reactions in situations where communication links are not available or cannot be used. The survey was conducted in the eighth and ninth grades of 11 randomly selected primary schools in the Hradec Králové region. Data were obtained from 373 respondents with a balanced representation of boys and girls. 3 working hypotheses were established to compare the opinions, behavior and degree of nomophobia between boys and girls. The answers were evaluated by methods of descriptive statistics, Student's t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: 0.5% of respondents did not show symptoms of nomophobia, a very mild and moderate form was recorded in 70% of respondents, mild form in 18% of the group, moderate in 8% and severe in 2% of respondents. Almost three-fourths of the students were not directly at risk of dependence on a mobile, but a tenth of the sample showed serious problems of a behavioral addiction nature. Respondents used an average of 4 applications, mainly communication programs, social networks and music players. Conclusions: girls in the sample showed a higher rate of nomophobia than boys. The biggest differences in responses were mainly for fears of not being able to communicate immediately with family or friends.
Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health Education
Authors: Šimčíková Tereza , Mužíková Leona
Published: June 2022

The Analysis of the projected curriculum of the educational field of Health education dealt with the current projected curriculum of Health education in connection with current conceptual materials. The main goal of the research was the analysis of school educational programs at selected elementary schools. The theoretical basis for this research was the curriculum, its forms and conducted researches on the curriculum. Then the research was based on the development of the field of Health education and projects and programs related to this educational field. It also contains basic methodological data on research, which focuses on the projected form of Health education curriculum evaluated based on a deeper analysis of school educational programs of selected elementary schools. At the end, the results are summarized and conclusions and recommendations especially for school practice are formulated. The acquired results show that the time allocation for Health education ranges from 1 to 4 hours per week, most schools teach Health education as a separate subject, almost all schools have all the thematic areas of Health education included and each school provides interdisciplinary relationships. The result of the presented research is the formulation of starting points for the improvement of Health education.
Pharmacist Refusal to Provide Contraceptive Services
Authors: Baalmann Angela ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

This essay seeks to establish that Catholic community pharmacists should refuse to verify, dispense, and counsel on hormonal medications used for contraception on the grounds of professional and personal beliefs as these services constitute immoral immediate material cooperation. In this controversial area of patient care, pharmacists are more frequently being called upon to facilitate medication use for contraceptive purposes. Contraceptive acts are believed by some healthcare providers to be morally harmful to a patient’s well-being. Pharmacists who hold beliefs that contraception does not promote positive patient outcomes are professionally bound to refuse immediate cooperation through providing pharmaceutical services related to contraception.
Epistemologia da prática e da práxis: características das pesquisas sobre formação docente para Educação Profissional
Authors: Morais João Kaio Cavalcante de , Henrique Ana Lúcia Sarmento
Published: June 2022

As pesquisas acerca da formação docente no Brasil estão ancoradas predominantemente nas bases epistemológicas da prática e da práxis. Nesse estudo, buscamos compreender em que base(s) se inserem os artigos publicados especificamente sobre formação docente para Educação Profissional (EP). Para isso, recorremos aos artigos científicos publicados na Revista Brasileira da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (RBEPT), tendo em vista que é um periódico que trata exclusivamente da EP. Foram analisados 20 (vinte) textos publicados no período entre 2008 a 2019. Utilizamos o método histórico-dialético proposto inicialmente por Marx e Engels (1998), como guia para as nossas análises. Os resultados apontam para uma variação entre epistemologia da prática e epistemologia da práxis nos textos analisados. Além disso, encontramos artigos que transitam entre uma abordagem mais centrada na prática e uma abordagem da práxis. Sinalizamos que a formação docente alinhada à práxis pode contribuir na perspectiva de uma EP crítica, transformadora e emancipatória, atrelada aos interesses da classe trabalhadora.
Pressupostos teórico-metodológicos e resultados alcançados com um programa de ensino explícito de compreensão de leitura
Authors: Godoy Dalva Maria Alves , Guimarães Sandra Regina Kirchner , Viana Fernanda Leopoldina
Published: June 2022

Este artigo apresenta perspectivas teórico-metodológicas fundamentadas em pesquisas na área do ensino e aprendizagem da leitura que abordam a complexidade dos elementos envolvidos nessa tarefa de ensinar a ler. Amparado nesses pressupostos apresenta a metodologia de um programa de ensino de compreensão leitora operacionalizado nas escolas portuguesas e que vem sendo adaptado ao contexto brasileiro, em que são desenvolvidas estratégias acionadas antes, durante e depois da leitura com o intuito de promover diferentes níveis de compreensão e assim elevar o nível de competência dos estudantes. O programa em adaptação ao português do Brasil dirige-se a estudantes do 3º e 4º ano da educação básica tendo sido aplicado em três estudos piloto vinculados a diferentes projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos por duas universidades do sul do Brasil. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do programa em Portugal e os decorrentes da aplicação dos estudos piloto no Brasil são apresentados, evidenciando que é possível ensinar a compreender, ao mesmo tempo em que encorajam a continuidade da adaptação do programa brasileiro.
Técnicas neurocientíficas aplicadas a estímulos audiovisuales: análisis cognitivo-emocional de anuncios de Heineken durante la COVID-19
Authors: Rajas Fernandez Mario , Sutil Martín Lucía , Canorea Tiralaso Héctor
Published: June 2022

A través de técnicas de neurociencia aplicadas al análisis de contenidos audiovisuales, se estudian cuatro anuncios de la marca Heineken producidos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El objetivo principal es detectar qué respuestas cognitivas y emocionales suscitan los distintos estímulos en treinta sujetos y evaluar si la construcción narrativa de los anuncios funciona a la hora de transmitir sus mensajes publicitarios en imágenes y sonidos. Para ello, tras la realización de un análisis textual preliminar, se emplean herramientas de registro de microexpresiones faciales y de eye tracking y se completa la investigación con un test de recuerdo. Los resultados señalan la predominancia de las emociones de alegría y sorpresa, así como la presencia de otras emociones (asco, desprecio, tristeza) en momentos puntuales. A su vez, se constata que los tipos de imágenes que más captan la atención del espectador son las que incluyen acciones llamativas, emocionantes, ilustrativas de la pandemia (mascarilla, saludo a distancia, etc.) o que introducen un texto escrito en pantalla. Igualmente, se observa que el producto Heineken en sus variadas materializaciones (botella, grifo, imagotipo, etc.) solo es percibido de forma destacada en el encuadre si hay una acción dramática que lo acompaña o subraya. Por el contrario, la figura humana (los ojos, sobre todo), es el componente visual en el que se centra predominantemente la mirada de los sujetos. Por último, los resultados del test de recuerdo coinciden con el resto de análisis respecto a la intensidad de las emociones que les han producido los estímulos.
Les nouvelles vies du livre en régime numérique
Authors: Parmentier Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Le monde du livre dispose aujourd’hui de nouvelles terres d’accueil situées en marge du circuit traditionnel. Les plateformes d’auto-édition, mais aussi celles de lecture en passant par les réseaux sociaux et les les services de streaming accueillent des productions littéraires, des auteurs, des lecteurs mais aussi des éditeurs à la recherche de nouveaux talents qui font le buzz. Loin de lui faire concurrence, ces espaces bousculent le codex et lui révèlent de nouveaux horizons. Ils témoignent des nouvelles pratiques culturelles, notamment celles des jeunes et montrent qu’à l’extérieur du circuit traditionnel du monde du livre des choses se passent, des livres se créent, des textes circulent, des auteurs écrivent avec passion, des lecteurs cherchent des histoires captivantes et des romans trouvent une seconde vie ainsi qu’un nouveau public.
¿Una segunda vida para el metaverso?
Authors: Córcoles César
Published: June 2022

Desde que somos capaces de proyectar imágenes hemos querido escapar a mundos virtuales. Ya en 1897, cuando el cine era new media, alguien soñó con la realidad virtual. Y, mirando la ilustración del siglo XIX, apreciamos elementos que aún hoy no tenemos completamente resueltos en los dispositivos de realidad virtual disponibles comercialmente casi 125 años más tarde. Y una de las más firmes candidatas a killer app de la realidad virtual, Supernatural, tiene mucho que ver con la práctica del deporte en casa.
The influence of Japanese culture and the aesthetic worldview of Wabi-sabi on modern architecture
Authors: Kirpo Arina , Kim Anton
Published: June 2022

The object of the study is the influence of the national culture of Japan on the formation of modern architecture. The subject of the study is the manifestation of the interpretation of the motives of the national Japanese worldview of Wabi-Sabi in the work of modern architects. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the analysis of Japanese worldview culture, in which the concepts of aesthetic beauty of wabi and sabi, which have become inseparable over time, stand out. This multifaceted concept implies the identity of beauty and naturalness. Particular attention is paid to the perception, in some cases unconsciously, of this ideological trend by modern European and Japanese architects, who often perceived it through the interpretation of the motives and principles of Japanese architecture. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the analysis of the creativity of architects within the framework of not only the interpretation of the motives of Japanese architecture, but also the influence of one of its fundamental components — the Wabi-Sabi principle. The novelty of the research is the generalization of the creativity of both Japanese and European architects and designers, in which the influence of this trend can be traced. The main conclusions of the study are that architects and designers in their works tried to convey the close connection between nature and architecture, using natural materials in both structures and decor. That is why the Japanese Wabi-sabi worldview has brought a lot to modern architecture and design.
Features of the relationship between intuition and personality intelligence
Authors: Novikova Kseniya Vladimirovna , Belyak Yana Valentinovna
Published: June 2022

The subject of this study is to identify the features of the relationship of intuition with the intelligence of the individual. The object of the study is the intuition and intelligence of the individual. In the article, the authors present the results of an empirical study that proofs the existence of the relationship of intuition with verbal, social, and emotional intelligence of a person. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the provisions on intuition and intelligence of the personality of such authors as: F. Bartlett, Ya.A. Ponomarev, V.D. Biryukov, Ya.A. Ponomarev, N.O. Lossky, B.G. Ananyev, I.Y. Kulagina, etc. The research methods are: 1. Theoretical: analysis of scientific literature, analysis and generalization of empirical data, formulation of conclusions. 2. Empirical: questionnaires, testing: G. Eisenck's verbal intelligence test; Guilford's "Social Intelligence" test; D. Goleman's emotional intelligence definition test; E. Epstein's intuitive style questionnaire 3. Interpretative: quantitative, qualitative and statistical analysis of empirical data. The theoretical significance and scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematization of theoretical provisions on the problem of the study of intuition and personality intelligence; the discovery of the features of the relationship of intuition with various types of personality intelligence; the identification of the influence of various types of intelligence on the manifestation of personality intuition. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results and conclusions of the study can be used by psychologists in professional activities with a wide range of clients. The main conclusions of the scientific research are the discovery of statistically significant correlations of various types of intelligence (verbal, social and emotional) with intuitive abilities and the level of development of personal intuition.
Valuing the Interest Tax Shield in the Central European Economies: Panel Data Approach
Authors: Kovacova Maria , Krajcik Vladimir , Michalkova Lucia , Blazek Roman
Published: June 2022

Capital structure is one of the most frequently discussed issues within Corporate Finance Theory. Optimizing the capital structure and value of the tax shield through the evaluation of its interests can lead to the increasing value of the enterprise, followed by the rising competitiveness and flexibility. The aim of this study is to provide a novel look at the value of the interest tax shield and its determinants in the emerging economies of the Visegrad Four. The model was created on a net sample of nearly 7,000 profitable enterprises between 2015 and 2019 using a one-way fixed effects model of panel data. Regional model results show five main determinants of the debt tax shield (Tangibility, Current Ratio, Gearing, Cost of debt and Size). Others, such as non-debt tax shield, business growth or profitability, are regional, and their impact varies depending on the economic conditions of the countries. The direction of influence of the main determinants indicates that, contrary to the assumed trade-off theory, profitable companies manage the capital structure and the value of tax shield according to the pecking order or modified pecking order theory. The tax shield is made up mostly of interest on short-term loans, which increases the risk of financial distress. There is a hierarchy of funding sources, from trade credit, through shortterm loans, to long-term loans, which are used in the analysed firms to the smallest extent. The structure of liabilities may be considered another determinant of the debt tax shield.
The Mediating Role of Competitiveness Between Entrepreneurial Challenges and Willingness of Female Business Graduates
Authors: Parmar Vishnu , Ahmed Rizwan Raheem , Streimikiene Dalia , Streimikis Justas
Published: June 2022

This research examines the challenges of female business graduate entrepreneurs; we have developed a modified conceptual framework in which willingness to become an entrepreneur has been taken as a dependent variable. However, financial, cultural, marketing, and technological challenges are independent variables. Additionally, we incorporated competitiveness as a mediation variable between independent and dependent variables. The competitiveness could be beneficial to the female business graduates’ entrepreneurs and might be reduced by their financial, marketing, cultural, and technological challenges. The data was collected through a modified structured questionnaire from the entrepreneurs of female business graduates. The information was collected from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka; we have collected 386 responses for the period from February 2021 to July 2021. We employed a structural equation modelingbased (SEM-based) multivariate approach and conditional process modeling for the data analysis. The findings of this research exhibit that the financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, and technological challenges have a significant negative impact on female business entrepreneurs. These are the constraints that restrict female business graduates’ entrepreneurial opportunities. On the other hand, the mediation analysis showed that competitiveness has a positive and significant impact between financial challenges, cultural challenges, marketing challenges, & technological challenges, and willingness to become an entrepreneur. The perfect mediation of competitiveness established that the business success of SMEs does not rely on the individuals’ competencies and success factors only, but organizational competitiveness is equally essential for organizational performance.
Verification of Ion Density in Magnetosheath Using THEMIS Satellite Plasma Measurements
Authors: Dobreva Polya , Nitcheva Olga , Kartalev Monio
Published: June 2022

The objective of investigation is to trace the changes of the ion density in the magnetosheath from the magnetopause to the bow shock. The theoretical interpretation is based on the magnetosheath- magnetosphere model, where the boundaries – bow shock and magnetopause, are self-consistently determined. The parameters in the magnetosheath are described by the gas-dynamic theory, while a variant of the Tsyganenko model is used in the magnetosphere, modified to compute the magnetic field in an area with arbitrarily chosen boundary. Data of the WIND satellites are used as solar wind monitoring. Good description is obtained for the considered crossing of the satellite THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) of both the trend and ion density values of the magnetosheath.
«Alle mann på dekk!»
Authors: Kjekshus Lars Erik
Published: June 2022

Sykehusene måtte omstille seg raskt da COVID-19 pandemien inntraff januar 2020. Denne artikkelen belyser organisering og ledelse av pandemihåndtering ved Oslo universitetssykehus HF. Hva kan pandemihåndteringen fortelle oss om organisering og ledelse av sykehus? Studien tar utgangspunkt i teorier om at organisering er prosesser av meningsdannelse, og spesielt i møte med uventede hendelser. Kriser stresstester organisasjonen og kan synliggjøre viktige beslutningsmønstre og ellers skjulte bakenforliggende logikker. Teorier om beredskap og håndtering av kriser skiller mellom kriseplaner og den aktuelle krisehåndteringen. I analysene av pandemihåndteringen ved OUS identifiserer vi dette som to ulike beredskapslogikker, planlagt beredskapslogikk og ad hoc beredskapslogikk, som skaper spenningsmoment i prioriteringer og valg av problemer og løsninger. Studien baserer seg på 19 dybdeintervjuer i tre klinikker ved OUS i perioden desember 2020 til november 2021 samt internrevisjoner og dokumenter fra OUS og publiserte arbeider. Studien viser at sykehusene er plastiske, fleksible og løst koblede organisasjoner som er spesielt egnet i kriser, men som er utfordrende i normal drift. For å kunne lære av krisehåndtering og utvikle robuste sykehus for framtiden kreves en større bevissthet om forholdet mellom de ulike beredskapslogikkene og meningsdannelse i kriser.
Covid Governance: A Transition from Democracy to Bureaucracy
Authors: Andersen Sigríður
Published: June 2022

Although a general lockdown was never implemented in Iceland during the pandemic of SARS-COV-2 some lenient versions of lockdowns were put in place. Restrictions on gatherings, restrictions on businesses, testing and house arrests of people entering Iceland and prohibition of entry into Iceland of citizens of non-EEA/EFTA countries were among the measures put into effect by the authorities. These measures were never debated in parliament. Instead, they were stipulated in regulations issued by the respective government ministers, referring to legislation in force, mainly the very general broad terms of the Act on Health Security and Communicable Diseases. 

Almost one year into the period of these restrictive measures the parliament approved amendments to the Act on Health Security and Communicable Diseases, addressing some of the main restrictive measures that had been in force for many months and defining concepts that had become key ingredients in the numerous decrees of the executive branch.

In one incident a court has ruled unlawful a regulation of the Minister of Health that ordered a forced confinement of travellers in a special facility by the State and demanded their immediate release. Other measures stipulated in regulations of the executive branch are not beyond reproach.
Electromyographic analysis of the serratus anterior and upper trapezius in closed kinetic chain exercises performed on different unstable support surfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mendez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Orozco-Chavez Ignacio , Morales-Verdugo Juan , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Cools Ann M.J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Multiple investigations have compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the scapular muscles between stable and unstable support surfaces during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises. However, these comparative analyses have grouped different unstable surfaces (wobble board, BOSU, therapeutic ball, and suspension equipment) into a single data pool, without considering the possible differences in neuromuscular demand induced by each unstable support surface. This study aimed to analyze the individual effect of different unstable support surfaces compared to a stable support surface on scapular muscles EMG activity during the execution of closed kinetic chain exercises.

Methodology

A literature search was conducted of the Pubmed Central, ScienceDirect and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies which investigated scapular muscles EMG during push-ups and compared at least two support surfaces were included. The risk of bias of included articles was assessed using a standardized quality assessment form for descriptive, observational and EMG studies, and the certainty of the evidence was measured with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES, Hedge’s g).

Results

Thirty studies were selected in the systematic review. Of these, twenty-three low-to-high quality studies (498 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The main analyzes revealed, in decreasing order, greater UT EMG activity during push-ups performed on suspension equipment (ES = 2.92; p = 0.004), therapeutic ball (ES = 1.03; p < 0.001) and wobble board (ES = 0.33; p = 0.003); without effect on the BOSU ball. In addition, no effect was observed for SA on any unstable device. The certainty of the evidence ranged from low to very low due to the inclusion of descriptive studies, as well as high imprecision, inconsistency, and risk of publication bias.

Conclusion

These findings could be applied in scapular muscles strengthening in healthy individuals. The use of suspension equipment achieves higher UT activation levels. Conversely, the use of any type of unstable devices to increase the activation levels of the SA in shoulder musculoskeletal dysfunctions is not recommended. These conclusions should be interpreted with caution as the available evidence showed a low to very low certainty of evidence, downgraded mostly by inconsistency and imprecision.
Alzheimer's Disease and the Possible Role of Vitamin D
Authors: Azhari Sheren Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes dementia. Despite the enormous global economic cost and impact on patients' immediate family members, there is no definitive cure, necessitating the development of improved therapeutic options. While memory and cognition are significantly impaired with (AD), the actual cause remains unknown. Among well-known hypotheses used to explain AD pathophysiology is Amyloid (A β) plaque development and aggregation hypothesis. There are now five FDA-approved medications that are used as therapy alternatives. All medications are used to treat symptoms of (AD.) So, disease modifying treatments that target the AD pathological changes, are required. Those treatments may targeting suppression of the pathogenesis pathways. Vitamin D is generated in human epithelial cells through the photochemical formation and is also obtained through dietary resources. Calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism are two of the most well-known vitamin D impacts. Aside from that, non-traditional vitamin D benefits have recently acquired popularity. Vitamin D regulates the growth and activities of the central nervous system, which is an important but less understood function of the vitamin. Vitamin D's neuroprotective properties are associated with its effects on neurotrophin creation and secretion, neuromodulator synthesis, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and avoidance of oxidative nerve damage. The protective and therapeutic effects of vitamin D on neurodegenerative diseases are not intensively investigated

In this review, a comprehensive approach to understanding the pathogenesis of AD and the possible role of vitamin D in the protection and therapeutic of AD were addressed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation N-[5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]methanimine Derivatives
Authors: Hirekurubar Shruti , Giri Sanjeevkumar
Published: June 2022

A new class of potentially biologically active new 1,3,4-thiadiazol derivatives have been prepared and reported in excellent yields. Its antioxidant properties were examined. It exhibited good activity, which had the highest in vitro anti oxidant properties against DPPH scavenging activity. All these derivatives were characterized by melting point, Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonan (HNMR and 13C NMR).
KBF4 Additive for Alleviating Microstrain, Improving Crystallinity, and Passivating Defects in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Haiyang , Liu Chunki , Zhuang Jing , Cao Jiupeng , Wang Tianyue , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yan Feng
Published: June 2022

Triple‐cation mixed perovskites have attracted much attention recently owing to their prominent optoelectronic properties and good stability for perovskite solar cells. However, the introduction of those cations with different sizes in the perovskite materials will drive the perovskite lattice away from ideal cubic structure and lead to microstrain in the resultant films. Herein,a small amount of KBF4 as an additive to elevate the quality of triple‐cation mixed perovskite thin films is introduced. It is found that KBF4 can enhance the crystallinity and alleviate microstrain of the perovskite thin films. Moreover, KBF4 can passivate defects in perovskite grains, leading to much longer carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the resultant devices show improved fill factor, enhanced device efficiency, and better device stability. Under optimum fabrication conditions, triple‐cation mixed perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure show power conversion efficiency over 23% as well as excellent stability under different conditions.
Inhibiting Stress‐Activated Signals to Reverse Heat Resistance for Augmented Photothermal Therapy Based on Biologically Derived Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Luo Guo‐Feng , Liang Jun‐Long , Zheng Di‐Wei , Ji Ping , Wang Jia‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Hai , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: June 2022

Several stress‐activated signals are highly responsible for the thermal tolerance and attribute to the poor therapeutic outcome of photothermal therapy (PTT). In this study, the naturally human hair‐derived nanoparticles (Hair NPs) with significant photothermal conversion efficacy are explored to combine with stress‐activated signal inhibitors for maximizing the PTT efficiency. During the Hair NPs‐based PTT, two distinct signals are found to be remarkably upregulated. One is the heat‐induced overexpression of HSP90, and the other one is the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Through the integration of particular inhibitors (17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) specifically binding to HSP90 or LY2228820 targeting to p38 MAPK) and the subsequent modification of hyaluronic acid (HA), the resultant Hair NPs‐HA@inhibitor can specifically deliver the inhibitor into tumor cells with minimal side effects on normal tissues, which can specifically block the stressfully activated signals as well as inhibit the expression of their downstream effectors (e.g., MMPs, VEGF) that are closely related with tumor survival and invasion. Without these elements to protect tumor cells or promote tumor progression, the Hair NPs‐induced PTT effect can be much elevated, resulting in a superior antitumor efficacy. These findings represent an effective approach in maximizing PTT effect for fighting against tumor.
Multiplexed Ultrasound Imaging Using Spectral Analysis on Gas Vesicles
Authors: Kim Sangnam , Zhang Siyuan , Yoon Sangpil
Published: June 2022

Current advances in ultrasound imaging techniques combined with the next generation contrast agents such as gas vesicles (GV) revolutionize the visualization of biological tissues with spatiotemporal precision. In optics, fluorescent proteins enable understanding of molecular and cellular functions in biological systems due to their multiplexed imaging capability. Here, a panel of GVs is investigated using mid‐band fit (MBF) spectral imaging to realize multiplexed ultrasound imaging to uniquely visualize locations of different types of stationary GVs. The MBF spectral imaging technique demonstrates that stationary clustered GVs are efficiently localized and distinguished from unclustered GVs in agarose gel phantom and 3D vessel structures are visualized in ex vivo mouse liver specimens. Mouse macrophages serve as carriers of clustered and unclustered GVs and multiplexing beacons to report cells’ spatial locations by emitting distinct spectral signals. 2D MBF spectral images are reconstructed, and pixels in these images are classified depending on MBF values by comparing predetermined filters that predict the existence of cells with clustered and unclustered GVs. This pseudo‐coloring scheme clearly distinguishes the locations of two classes of cells like pseudo‐color images in fluorescence microscopy.
Theory‐Driven Design of a Cationic Accelerator for High‐Performance Electrolytic MnO2–Zn Batteries
Authors: Chuai Mingyan , Yang Jinlong , Tan Rui , Liu Zaichun , Yuan Yuan , Xu Yan , Sun Jifei , Wang Mingming , Zheng Xinhua , Chen Na , Chen Wei
Published: June 2022

Aqueous electrolytic MnO2–Zn batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy‐storage devices for their cost effectiveness, high output voltage, and safety, but their electrochemical performance is limited by the sluggish kinetics of cathodic MnO2/Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. To overcome this critical challenge, herein, a cationic accelerator (CA) strategy is proposed based on the prediction of first‐principles calculations. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is utilized as a model to testify the rational design of the CA strategy. It manifests that the CA effectively facilitates rapid cations migration in electrolyte and adequate charge transfer at electrode–electrolyte interface, benefiting the deposition/dissolution processes of both Mn2+ and Zn2+ cations to simultaneously improve kinetics of cathodic MnO2/Mn2+ and anodic Zn/Zn2+ reactions. The resulting MnO2–Zn battery regulated by CA exhibits large reversible capacities of 455 mAh g–1 and 3.64 mAh cm–2 at 20 C, as well as a long lifespan of 2000 cycles with energy density retention of 90%, achieving one of the best overall performances in the electrolytic MnO2–Zn batteries. This comprehensive work integrating theoretical prediction with experimental studies provides opportunities to the development of high‐performance energy‐storage devices.
A Drill Pipe‐Embedded Vibration Energy Harvester and Self‐Powered Sensor Based on Annular Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Measurement while Drilling System
Authors: Du Taili , Dong Fangyang , Xu Ruijiang , Zou Yongjiu , Wang Hao , Jiang Xingjia , Xi Ziyue , Yuan Haichao , Zhang Yuewen , Sun Peiting , Xu Minyi
Published: June 2022

Measurement while drilling (MWD) system of offshore drill pipe is of great significance for safety production. It is greatly demanded to develop a sustainable power supply as well as self‐powered sensors for the MWD system. In this work, a drill pipe‐embedded annular type triboelectric nanogenerator (AT‐TENG) is proposed and systematically investigated, and it consists of an annular silicone rubber and a pair of electrodes. The design of the AT‐TENG allows the silicone rubber to contact and separate with the electrodes easily in a narrow space under arbitrary direction vibration to realize power generation. The experimental results show that the peak power density of AT‐TENG with single‐pair electrode reaches 63.7 W m−3 under the vibration frequency of 4 Hz and amplitude of 100 mm. The minimum peak voltage is >65 V within 360° lateral vibration range. The peak voltage achieves 351.62 V under the third‐order natural frequency. In addition, the amplitude and frequency obtained from the voltage signals exhibit linearly with those of actual vibration. The mean error between the frequency detected by AT‐TENG and actual frequency is <0.03%. Thus, the AT‐TENG can serve as an energy harvester and self‐powered vibration sensor.
Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)−N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles
Authors: Wu Jintao , Peng Zehui , Shen Tong , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: June 2022

The previous strategies for oxidative cleavage of 2,3‐double bond of substituted indoles generally suffered from usage of heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants or hash conditions. Herein, we reported an electrochemistry‐driven aerobic cleavage of C(2)=C(3)/C(2)−N bonds of indoles. Through an undivided cell, various indoles and its derivatives can be converted into the corresponding ortho‐amino aryl ketones. This method features metal‐free, air‐as‐oxidant and easy scalability.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Azulene‐2‐Carboxylic Acids with 1,3‐Dienes for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Azulenolactones
Authors: Maeng Chanyoung , Yun Yongjoo , Son Jeong‐Yu , Lee Phil Ho
Published: June 2022

We have developed Pd‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions of a wide range of azulene‐2‐carboxylic acids with a large number of activated as well as unactivated 1,3‐dienes, consequently allowing a streamlined synthetic method for the selective preparation of monosubstituted alkenyl dihydroazulenolactones and their derivatives.

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Alkyne‐Based Syntheses of Carbo‐ and Heterohelicenes
Authors: Gulevskaya Anna V. , Tonkoglazova Daria I.
Published: June 2022

[n]Helicenes are polycyclic aromatic molecules in which n ortho‐condensed benzene or other aromatic rings give rise to helical chiral and highly conjugated structures. The unique screw shape, helically extended π‐system and intriguing electronic and chirooptical properties of these molecules have attracted scientific interest for decades. The applications of helicenes have now expanded into several fields including material science, nanoscience, biochemistry, supramolecular and polymer chemistry. Despite the great theoretical and practical interest in helicenes, their synthesis remains a challenge. Among synthetic approaches to helicenes, alkyne cyclizations have great potential, since carbon‐rich high‐energy alkynes can form aromatic rings via cycloisomerizations. These processes are atom‐economic. In addition, alkyne reactions are highly favorable thermodynamically. This review focuses on alkyne‐based syntheses of carbo‐ and heterohelicenes (2000–2022). These syntheses are obviously multistage. In the review, they are systematized in terms of the key step leading to the formation of a helical shape. The methods are grouped into two categories: (a) metal‐free syntheses and (b) transition‐metal‐catalyzed syntheses. This division is very arbitrary, since catalytic Sonogashira and Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions and others are often used to prepare starting materials in the syntheses of the first group. Most of the publications on the topic are related to transition‐metal‐catalyzed syntheses of helicenes.

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Dual Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Behavior of BTO/SU‐8 Photopatternable Nanocomposites for Highly Efficient Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Beigh Nadeem Tariq , Singh Shalini , Goswami Ankur , Mallick Dhiman
Published: June 2022

The sustenance of the growing Internet of Things revolution requires suitable self‐powering solutions, which can be appropriately complemented by developing efficient energy harvesting systems. Typically, conventional piezoelectric thin film‐based energy harvesters are not promising due to high cost, low coverage area, and size‐frequency‐power trade‐off. Piezoelectric/triboelectric transduction driven mechanical energy harvesters (MEHs) based on nanocomposites offer better efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and large‐scale production. Here, % weight ratio‐dependent piezoelectric/triboelectric property analysis, and optimization of Barium Titanate (BTO)/SU‐8 based photopatternable nanocomposite thin films are reported for developing highly efficient MEHs. Further, the performance of the nanocomposite is shown to be enhanced by controlled graphene nano‐platelet doping and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Elaborate Finite Element Method (FEM) study is performed to support the experimental findings. Finally, three MEH devices are developed based on the optimally prepared variants of the nanocomposite and compared experimentally. A maximum output voltage of≈3 V and power density of 0.65µW cm−2are obtained at 0.75 g and at the resonance frequency of 38 Hz from the graphene doped 20% BTO/SU‐8 based harvester. The prototypes have demonstrated the potential to deliver a regulated output voltage of 3.3 V within 40 s of periodic excitation upon integration with a customized power management unit for powering low‐power electronics.
Low Energy and Analog Memristor Enabled by Regulation of Ru ion Motion for High Precision Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Kwon Jae Uk , Chun Suk Yeop , Song Young Geun , Jeong Doo Seok , Kang Chong‐Yun , Kim Seong Keun , Nahm Sahn , Yoon Jung Ho
Published: June 2022

Mobile species and matrix materials in ion motion‐mediated memristors predominantly determine the switching characteristics and device performance. As a result of exploring a new type of mobile species, a Ru ion‐mediated electrochemical metallization‐like memristor with an amorphous oxide matrix is recently suggested to achieve a low switching current, voltage, and good retention simultaneously. Although the ion migration of Ru in the oxide matrix is previously confirmed, no in‐depth study on how the crystallinity of the oxide matrix influences the Ru ion motion and switching characteristics has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the crystallinity‐dependent resistive switching behavior of the Pt/HfO2/Ru structure device is investigated. With the crystallized HfO2layer, the preferred Ru ion migration through the grain boundaries occurs owing to the enhanced ion mobility, resulting in a high switching current (≈100µA) with continuous metallic Ru conducting filaments. The discontinuous conducting filaments with amorphous HfO2exhibit a low switching current. In addition, highly linear and symmetric conductance modulation properties are achieved, and over 91.5% accuracy in the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) pattern recognition test is demonstrated.
Integrating prevention into the risk management policy toolkit: A strategy for improving resilience to extreme events
Authors: Baldwin Katherine , Effland Anne
Published: June 2022

The incidence of extreme natural hazard events in the U.S. has been rising, with far‐reaching implications for the U.S. agricultural sector. Yet, government expenditures on natural hazards in agriculture remain largely concentrated on recovery programs that compensate producers for damages after the fact. This article presents a risk management approach that incorporates a focus on prevention and mitigation which could offer greater cost‐effectiveness and help to build a more resilient agricultural sector. In this context, we explore the U.S. agricultural risk management policy landscape and identify some possibilities for how such an approach could be integrated into current programming.
Achieving over 18 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cell Enabled by a ZnO‐Based Hybrid Electron Transport Layer with an Operational Lifetime up to 5 Years
Authors: Li Shitong , Fu Qiang , Meng Lingxian , Wan Xiangjian , Ding Liming , Lu Guanyu , Lu Guanghao , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng
Published: June 2022

Although organic solar cells (OSCs) have delivered an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19 %, most of them demonstrated rather limited stability. So far, there are hardly any effective and universal strategies to improve stability of state‐of‐the‐art OSCs. Herein, we developed a hybrid electron‐transport layer (ETL) in inverted OSCs using ZnO and a new modifying agent (NMA), and significantly improved the stability and PCEs for all the tested devices. In particular, when applied in the D18 : N3 system, its inverted OSC exhibits so far the highest PCE (18.20 %) among inverted single‐junction OSCs, demonstrating an extrapolated T80 lifetime of 7572 h (equivalent to 5 years under outdoor exposure). This is the first report with T80 over 5000 h among OSCs with over 18 % PCE. Furthermore, a high PCE of 16.12 % can be realized even in a large‐area device (1 cm2). This hybrid ETL strategy provides a strong stimulus for highly prospective commercialization of OSCs.
Modulating Tit2gOrbital Occupancy in a Cu/TiO2Composite for Selective Photocatalytic CO2Reduction to CO
Authors: Zhu Kainan , Zhu Qian , Jiang Mengpei , Zhang Yaowen , Shao Zhiyu , Geng Zhibin , Wang Xiyang , Zeng Hui , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Wei , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: June 2022

The electronic structure of composites plays a critical role in photocatalytic conversion, whereas it is challenging to modulate the orbital for an efficient catalyst. Herein, we regulated thet2gorbital occupancy state of Ti to realize efficient CO2conversion by adjusting the amount of photo‐deposited Cu in the Cu/TiO2composite. For the optimal sample, considerable electrons transfer from the Cudorbital to the Tit2gorbital, as proven by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The Raman spectra results also corroborate the electron enrichment on the Tit2gorbital. Further theoretical calculations suggested that the orbital energy of the Ti3dorbital in TiO2is declined, contributing to accepting Cu 3d electrons. As a result, the Cu/TiO2composite exhibited an extremely high selectivity of 95.9 % for CO, and the productivity was 15.27 μmol g−1 h−1, which is almost 6 times that of the original TiO2. Our work provides a strategy for designing efficient photocatalysis as a function of orbital regulation.
Mechanochemical Divergent Syntheses of Oxindoles and α‐Arylacylamides via Controllable Construction of C−C and C−N Bonds by Copper and Piezoelectric Materials
Authors: Lv Honggui , Xu Xinyue , Li Jing , Huang Xiaobo , Fang Guoyong , Zheng Lifei
Published: June 2022

Herein, we present the divergent syntheses of α‐arylacylamides and oxindoles via mechanoredox chemistry by using easily accessible α‐bromoN‐sulfonyl amides as starting materials. Our system consists of a catalytic amount of CuIIprecatalyst and piezoelectric materials. The highly polarized BaTiO3or PbTiO3under mechanical agitation can act as an electron donor to realize the recycling of CuIIand CuI. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations have been performed to support the proposed mechanistic rationale for the cascade reactions.
Upconversion/Downshifting Multimode Luminescence of Lanthanide‐doped Nanocrystals for Multidimensional Information Encoding Security
Authors: Song Yapai , Sun Renrui , Sun Guotao , Xie Yao , Sun Lining
Published: June 2022

Information encoding security has always been a research hotspot in the optical field. Although many studies focused on luminescent materials and techniques for information security, the optical information encoding is limited by low information capacity and security. Herein, we present new core‐shell‐shell (CSS) lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals which display multi‐stimuli‐responsive and multimode emission. In the designed CSS nanostructure, the Stokes and anti‐Stokes processes can be both achieved in the same nanocrystals under the excitation of 1532, 980, and 254 nm via self‐excited Er3+ and Ce3+‐sensitized mechanisms. Subsequently, a group of unique multimode emission CSS nanocrystals were designed as optical modules and successfully utilized in multidimensional information encoding, which demonstrates high‐level information encoding capability and security. This work brings a powerful idea for information encoding security designs based on multimode luminesce materials.
Cardiovascular biomarker troponin I biosensor: Aptamer‐gold‐antibody hybrid on a metal oxide surface
Authors: hui Hu , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Ismail Zool H. , Chen Yeng , Pandian K. , Velusamy Palaniyandi
Published: June 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is highly related to cardiac arrest leading to death and organ damage. Radiological techniques and electrocardiography have been used as preliminary tests to diagnose MI; however, these techniques are not sensitive enough for early‐stage detection. A blood biomarker‐based diagnosis is an immediate solution, and due to the high correlation of troponin with MI, it has been considered to be a gold‐standard biomarker. In the present research, the cardiac biomarker troponin I (cTnI) was detected on an interdigitated electrode sensor with various surface interfaces. To detect cTnI, a capture aptamer‐conjugated gold nanoparticle probe and detection antibody probe were utilized and compared through an alternating sandwich pattern. The surface metal oxide morphology of the developed sensor was proven by microscopic assessments. The limit of detection with the aptamer‐gold‐cTnI‐antibody sandwich pattern was 100 aM, while it was 1 fM with antibody‐gold‐cTnI‐aptamer, representing 10‐fold differences. Further, the high performance of the sensor was confirmed by selective cTnI determination in serum, exhibiting superior nonfouling. These methods of determination provide options for generating novel assays for diagnosing MI.