bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PATCH Lab: A database and workspace for Cenozoic terrestrial paleoclimate and environment reconstruction
Authors: Kukla Tyler , Rugenstein Jeremy , Driscoll Elizabeth , Ibarra Daniel , Chamberlain C. Page
Published: February 2022

In the last two decades, analytical advances and a growing interest in relevant research questions has brought a rapid increase in the amount of stable isotope data used for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and environments. As the spatial and temporal resolution of proxy data continues to improve, the quantitative interpretation of these data is becoming increasingly common. These advances in data resolution and theory bring opportunities for multi-proxy comparisons, synthesis and modeling of large datasets, integration with paleoecological datasets, improved climate model benchmarking, and more. Here, in an effort to support these growing avenues of research, we present The PATCH Lab (Paleo-Analysis of Terrestrial Climate and Hydrology)—an online portal to discover, download, and quantitatively analyze Cenozoic terrestrial stable isotope data. The PATCH Lab portal includes a new database that currently includes 27009 stable isotope measurements from 211 publications spanning multiple terrestrial proxies, and quantitative models for interpreting water isotope and soil carbonate data. Data query, download, and modeling results are organized into user-friendly graphical interfaces that export datasets as .csv files. New data can be easily submitted to the PATCH Lab curators through the portal by completing a data submission template. The PATCH Lab, with the help of community engagement, serves as a resource for archiving terrestrial stable isotope data, building paleo "isoscapes", and increasing accessibility to quantitative methods of investigating terrestrial stable isotopes in paleoclimate.
Implementation of Sharing & Jumping Tasks Learning to Grow Students' Creative Thinking Skills in Buffer Solution
Authors: Zestia Witty , Supriatna Asep , Nahadi Nahadi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to identify the growth of students' creative thinking skills in the implementation of learning sharing & jumping tasks in the buffer solution material. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research was conducted in one of Bandung's high school students of class XI with a total of 24 students. The instruments used for data collection were interview guidelines, audio and video recordings through zoom meetings and observation sheets. The collected data were analyzed based on Transcript Based Lesson Analysis (TBLA). The results showed that in the sharing task all aspects of creative thinking skills emerged during the learning process, namely in the aspects of fluent thinking, flexible thinking, original thinking, elaborative thinking, and evaluative thinking. Meanwhile, in the jumping task, there is one aspect that does not appear, namely the aspect of original thinking.
The Influence of Work Motivation and Interpersonal Communication on Social Competence of Public Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Sriwahyuningsih Sriwahyuningsih
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and interpersonal communication on the social competence of teachers. The population of this study were teachers of public elementary schools in Cluster IV, Bukit Kapur District, Dumai City. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique, the sample was set at 91 people. The data was collected by using a questionnaire technique and then analyzed using several linear regression equations and the proof of the hypothesis using the t test, F test, and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of the t-test of the work motivation variable have a significant effect on the teacher's social competence. Interpersonal communication variables have a significant effect on the social competence of teachers. The results of statistical tests (Test F), simultaneously work motivation and interpersonal communication have a significant effect on the social competence of teachers at SDN Gugus IV Bukit Kapur, Dumai City. Based on the t and F tests, the hypothesis is accepted.
The beginnings of communication schools in Spain within their international context
Authors: Barrera Carlos
Published: February 2022

When the first university schools of journalism and communication started in Spain in 1971, only a few European and North American countries had preferentially adopted an academic model. Variety was their dominant feature, exhibiting diverse professional cultures and sometimes political contexts. In countries with a long journalistic tradition such as the UK, learning on the job was the practice at that time. Labor unions were also prevalently responsible for the training of aspiring journalists in France and Germany. In contrast, in the USA, university journalism schools had been established some decades before. In addition, teaching and research in communication evolved via different paths in those countries that had a more noteworthy influence on Spain. The beginning of university-based schools of communication theoretically contributed to the establishment of a more suitable institutional platform for the delivery of communication research trends in the West. An analysis of historical, political, and institutional contexts converging in Spain in the 1970s is useful to describe how the first university schools were shaped in terms of both their incipient teaching and research challenges. A review of the literature covering both fields in Spain and other countries, along with some previously published archival sources, helps us to frame the case of Spain from a transnational viewpoint that considers the impact of contemporary foreign influences. The resulting broader comparative perspective provides a better overarching understanding of the case, even to the point of measuring the extent to which it can be considered a pioneer in this context.
PENGARUH VARIASI FAS DAN KADAR SEMEN PADA KUAT TEKAN MORTAR DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON MENGGUNAKAN PASIR SUNGAI KAHAYAN DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Wulandari Annisa , Frieda Frieda
Published: February 2022

Pasir Sungai Kahayan merupakan material agregat halus yang masih digunakan dalam pembuatan beton di Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan mix design standar SNI target kuat tekan beton sulit dicapai untuk beton berpasir Sungai Kahayan dalam kelas beton mutu normal tanpa bahan tambah. Penelitian ini mengembangkan penelitian sebelumnya, lokasi sumber pasir berdekatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakter perubahan campuran mortar dan beton, akibat (1) Variasi FAS (faktor air semen) dan (2) Perubahan kadar semen. Perlakuan pengujian ditujukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sifat mortar terhadap sifat beton. Eksperimen dilakukan terhadap silinder uji (diameter/tinggi): (a) mortar 5/10 cm dan (b) beton 15/30 cm.  Mutu beton rancangan terbagi atas 3 (tiga) yaitu 20 MPa, 22,5 MPa, dan 25 MPa. Perlakuan air campuran terbagi 2 (dua) yaitu (a) FAS tetap (konstan) pada 0,5 dan (b) FAS berubah (variatif) yang dihasilkan dari penambahan semen 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan pengurangan semen 5% dan 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter perubahan campuran mortar dan beton akibat variasi FAS dan perubahan kadar semen adalah serupa. Kuat tekan meningkat seiring penurunan FAS dan penambahan kadar semen, demikian sebaliknya penurunan kuat tekan terjadi pada saat nilai FAS meningkat dan kadar semen berkurang. Dengan upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk pencapaian peningkatan kuat tekan dengan perlakuan penurunan FAS (hingga 0,357 dari 0,50) dan penambahan semen (hingga 40% dari kadar semen standar), kuat tekan target mortar dan beton yang menggunakan pasir penelitian belum dapat diperoleh.Kata Kunci: Faktor Air Semen (FAS), Mortar, Pasir Sungai Kahayan, Beton Mutu Normal
PEMANFAATAN KAPUR GAMPING SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH PENGISI (FILLER) PADA CAMPURAN LATASTON HRS-WC (HOT ROLLED SHEET- WEARING COURSE
Authors: Harisandy Andy , Robby Robby , Desriantomy Desriantomy
Published: February 2022

Lataston HRS-WC adalah campuran aspal panas bergradasi senjang yang terdiri dari Agregat kasar, sedang, halus dan filler. Campuran ini banyak digunakan dilapangan sebagai lapis permukaan jalan. Pada pelaksanaannya dilapangan, pelaksana sering diperhadapkan dengan tidak tetapnya gradasi yang tersedia khususnya pada fraksi bahan pengisi (filler). Dalam komposisi campuran untuk material bahan pengisi (filler) dibutuhkan dalam jumlah yang cukup besar yaitu 6 % s/d 12 %. Material filler yang ada seperti abu batu dan semen memberikan harga yang cukup mahal. Abu kapur   gamping memiliki ukuran partikel yang sangat halus, abu kapur gamping mengandung unsur pozzolan dan bersifat mengeras dan menambah kekuatan jika bereaksi dengan air. Dalam penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis penggunaan abu kapur dari Desa Sibung Kecamatan Raren Batuah Kapupaten Barito Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah sebagai bahan pengisi (filler) pada campuran HRS-WC.bahan tambah pada campuran Lataston.Kata kunci : Filler, Kapur Gamping, HRS-WC, Marshall
STABILISASI TANAH LEMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN PASIR PANTAI TERHADAP NILAI CBR
Authors: Sitinjak Jeremi , Sarie Fatma , Hendri Okrobianus
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan yang sering dijumpai dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan konstruksi adalah tidak selalu ditemuinya tanah dasar (subgrade) yang memiliki nilai CBR atau daya dukung yang memadai, sehingga perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Pada penelitian ini mengambil sampel tanah dari daerah Kasongan Lama, Katingan Hilir, Kabupaten Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa jenis tanah dan nilai CBR tanah dengan penambahan Pasir Pantai Ujung Pandaran sebagai bahan campuran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penambahan pasir pantai pada tanah lempung terhadap nilai CBR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan analisis data di laboratorium Mekanika Tanah, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Palangka Raya. Adapun penelitian yang dilakukan adalah 4 variasi yaitu 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% dan pemeraman selama 3 hari. Setelah pengujian dan pengolahan data dilakukan didapat hasil sebagai berikut: 3,25%; 4,05%;  6,10%; dan 7,30%. Dari hasil nilai CBR dapat terlihat bahwa penambahan pasir pantai pada tanah lempung menunjukkan peningkatan nilai CBR pada tanah lempung sesuai dengan peningkatan persentase campuran.Kata kunci: Tanah Lempung, Pasir Pantai, CBR, Tanah Dasar
Tymczasowe stosowanie traktatu w świetle art. 25 Konwencji o prawie traktatów z 1969 r. i praktyki polskiej
Authors: Wasilewska Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Historycznie najważniejszą rolę wśród źródeł prawa międzynarodowego przypisywano normom zwyczajowym. W XIX wieku wprowadzono do obrotu prawnego umowy międzynarodowe - obecnie uważane za najważniejszy instrument regulujący stosunki międzynarodowe oraz fundament prawa międzynarodowego publicznego. Wraz z parlamentaryzmem wytworzył się problem oczekiwania na związanie się traktatem i jego wejście w życie. Odpowiedzią jest możliwość tymczasowego stosowania traktatu. Wątek ten został uściślony w art. 25 KWPT. W polskiej doktrynie pojawiają się liczne głosy mówiące o potrzebie unormowania poruszanej kwestii również w Konstytucji RP lub ustawie, gdyż obecnie Konstytucja nie zawiera przepisu dotyczącego tymczasowego stosowania umów międzynarodowych. Nie jest to jednak prostym rozwiązaniem, należy pamiętać, że zwłaszcza przedłużające się okresy tymczasowego stosowania traktatu mogą być uważane za jeden ze szczegółowych przejawów tendencji do deformalizacji prawa międzynarodowego. Pozytywnym skutkiem jest umożliwienie działania traktatu, zanim dokończone zostaną czasochłonne procedury. Z takiego obrotu sprawy, w odpowiednich warunkach prawnych, mogą skorzystać tak samo strony umowy, jak i podmioty krajowe. Równie ważną kwestią jest konwencja wiedeńska o prawie traktatów między państwami, a organizacjami międzynarodowymi i między organizacjami międzynarodowymi z 21.3.1986 r., która nadal nie weszła jeszcze w życie. Jeżeli mają zajść istotne zmiany w wyżej wymienionych kwestiach, niezbędna jest mobilizacja państw i wspólna ich praca nad osiągnięciem zamierzonego celu
Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Output Growth: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL and Hatemi-J Causality Tests
Authors: Javed Farhan , Khan Muhammad Sohail Alam , Gul Brekhna
Published: February 2022

Previous studies relied on asymmetric or a linear approach while considering the output response of monetary policy shocks. However, empirical results based on the symmetric approach tend to have masked the true effects of monetary policy shocks. The present study, therefore, aims to probe the asymmetric impact of monetary policy shocks on the output growth of selected developing economies. The empirical results indicate significant evidence of asymmetric effect both in the short run and in the long in almost all countries. Furthermore,compared to contractionary monetary policy, the findings indicate that expansionary monetary policy shocks have a more profound impact on output growth. The asymmetry between monetary policy shocks and output response tends to have implications for the effectiveness of the economic policy, in particular in developing economies.Thus, it is recommended to consider these asymmetries while evaluating the impact of monetary policy on economic growth
Investigating the Factors Affecting Female Work Participation in Pakistan: A Case Study from Multan Division
Authors: Shah Salyha Zulfiqar Ali , Riaz Umber
Published: February 2022

The present study sheds light on the factors affecting female work participation in the Multan division, being part of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Empowering females economically may uplift the standard of living of their families as well as helps to reduce the poverty rates in the economy. Female labor force participation also contributes to improving the human capital of the less developed countries like Pakistan. Primary data has been collected through a field survey, having a sample size of 350 females during the year 2020. The findings of the study conclude that education attainment, women's age, husband's education, marital status, access to credit are significantly influencing the female work participation in the Multan division. The study suggested that a proper policy framework should be designed by the government to encourage females towards labor force participation. Moreover, the provision of short-term loans would be helpful to participate in different economic activities, like small business enterprises.
Investigating the Role of Economic Impediments in the Extent of Dropout of Females from Secondary Schools in District Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Pakistan
Authors: Zada Hammad , Sarir Saima , Jawad Muhammad
Published: February 2022

The titled study is concerned with the dropout of females from secondary schools in District Bajaur due to the economic impediments of the study population. A sample size of 169 respondents was taken possessively by using Sekaran criteria. A cross-sectional study design was developed for the collection of data according to the conceptual framework showing the dependent variable (Nature of Drop out) and independent variable (Economic Impediments). Furthermore,Uni variate and Bi-variate analysis was conducted through the use of SPSS software. After the analysis of data at the Bi-variate level, a highly significant association (P=0.000) was found between the Nature of Drop out and economic indicators(statements) namely the most dominant cause of high drop out ratio was financial problems, money was considered a wastage when it’s spent on female education, money was well spent if sons are getting the education and parents prioritize boy’s education more as compared to their girl child, along with the cultural norms and beliefs constraining females education, as well as parents, believed that religious education is more important than formal education.
Rational Choice Theory: An Economic Analysis of Hardy's The Return of the Native
Authors: Bezar Shahbaz Afzal , Noreen Munnzza , Ali Rana Imran
Published: February 2022

Rational Choice Theory is a fundamental theory of economics deals with the behavior of an individual in which an actor chooses an action rationally in order to minimize costs and maximize benefits. Several studies have been accomplished on RTC in the frame of reference to the law,criminology, sociology, etc., but only in a small number of researches, RCT has been applied to literature. A realistic piece of literature demands a rational-choice explanation, but the novels of Hardy-'historian of Wessex' have not yet been studied from the perspective of an economic theory, RCT. The purpose of the present study is to widen the compass of RCT and to produce the plurality of meaning of Hardy's The Return of the Native. Employing the method of textual analysis, the present qualitative study explored:i. reflection of RCT in individual actors,' i.e., Eustacia and Wild eve's preference to their available choices; ii. Eustacia's economic and Clym's unprofitable interest in life from the perspective of RCT; iii. reflection of Offender’s Rational Choice Theory in the actions of Eustacia, Wild eve, and Dig gory from The Return.
Terrorism and Politico-Cultural Deviant Behavior: A Case Study of the Rise and Fall of Secular and Religious Political Parties
Authors: Hassan Mubashir , Sanaullah  , Arbab Sadaf
Published: February 2022

This paper assumes a part of scholar's Ph.D. dissertation on(comparative analysis of the electoral politics of religious and secular political parties both at macro and micro level) and examines the causes of their success and failure in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The paper specifically examines Awami National Party (ANP) and Jamiat-e-Ulama Islam Fazalur Rehman (JUI-F) having opposing ideologies. ANP leaders and workers suffered when faced with an unrestricted socially revolutionary message from the Taliban as the Taliban could only appeal to Pakhtun nationalists' aspirations against the disgust of US presence in Afghanistan. Being part of the government ANP hindered Taliban confrontation against US forces which seemed a start of civil war between Pakhtun nationalists and Pakhtun Taliban. A qualitative research method was used, and data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. This paper suggests that terrorism had significant impacts on the rise and fall of ANP and JUI-F in the electoral politics of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study finds that on the grass-root level, deviant cultural behavior of both the parties' leaders and workers affected the vote bank badly, causing the emergence of new political thinking in the area under study.
Ultra-low latency networks and bridging the digital divide between Russian Federation regions
Authors: Chistova N. , Borodin A. , Koucheryavy A.
Published: February 2022

Research subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of the

apabilities of telecommunication networks with ultra low latency to reduce the digital divide between the regions of the Russian Federation. Method. Systemic and technical and economic analysis. Core results. Determination of communication networks as the basis for reducing the digital divide, establishing the relationship between the Gross Regional Product and the share of employees in the field of informatization and communications, typing of the territories of the Russian Federation according to the possibilities of introducing communication network services with ultra low delays. Practical relevance. The results of the article can be used in the implementation of the digital economy program, scientific and design organizations in the planning and design of communication networks, as well as by universities in the educational process.
THE METHOD OF ORGANIZING "SMART CITY" SERVICES BASED ON THE 5G/IMT-2020 INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Muthanna A. S. , Taraskin D.
Published: February 2022

One of the current directions in the field of research of fifth-generation communication networks is maintenance, integration, rapid deployment and provision of various services. The subject of research is the analysis of methods for organizing smart city services based on fifth-generation networks. The research method is the collection, analysis and comparison of published information on the methods of organizing smart city services. Core results of this work is the choice of the most appropriate method for organizing services in fifth-generation networks. Practical relevance of the work consists in the possibility of applying the main results for the construction and implementation of a service architecture.
Mitigating the Formation of Hexavalent Chromium in Leather by Using Aloe Barbadensis Miller Mixed with Carrageenan
Authors:   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya, Nalyanya Kallen Mulilo , Rop Ronald K. ,   Department of Mathematics, Actuarial and Physical Science, School of Science, University of Kabianga, Kericho, Kenya, Onyuka Arthur ,   Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Birech Zephania ,   Department of Physics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya, Kamau Paul ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
Published: February 2022

Aloe barbadensis miller (Abm) mixed with carrageenan has been investigated as an alternative eco benign ingredient in mitigating hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) formation in thermally and photoaged wet blue and leather crust. The effect of post-tanning operations on the formation of Cr (VI) in wet blue and leather crusts due to spontaneous and accelerated ageing caused by exposure to the temperature of 80 °C and UV radiations for 132 hours is also presented. The Cr (VI) content was analysed according to ISO 17075 standard procedure of Diphenyl carbazide and UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 540 nm. The levels of Cr (VI) in retanned wet blue leather were detectably high, while for tanned, dyed and fatliquored crusts, the levels were below detection limit of 0.2247 mg/kg. After ageing, the Cr (VI) content increased to a detectable level, the highest recorded in retanned wet blue, followed by fatliquored crust and with the lowest levels recorded in dyed wet blue leather. In all the aged samples, the levels were remarkably higher than the recommended 3 mg/kg. The levels of Cr (VI) in wet blue leathers processed with Abm/carrageenan were below detection limit of 3.587 mg/kg, even after exposing the samples to accelerated ageing conditions. Abm/carrageenan completely inhibits formation of Cr (VI) in wet blue and leather crusts. Abm/carrageenan will contribute to the eco benign and sustainable production of leather under the superior chrome-tanning technology.
Acquisition of English Discourse Markers by Chinese L1 Speakers Learning English in the US: Frequency and Social impact
Authors: Deng Delin
Published: February 2022

Sankoff et al. (1997) indicated in their research on discourse markers (DMs) used by anglophones in Montreal that the mastery of DMs is a good indicator of the non-native speakers’ integration into the linguistic community. As DMs, especially the informal ones, are not taught explicitly in language classes, their acquisition could only be fulfilled by extracurricular contact with native speakers. Despite fruitful works done on DMs in both native and non-native speech, to our knowledge, most of them deal with only one or several DMs at a time without providing a comparable complete list of frequency of DMs in non-native speech. In this article, by exploring the data from 29 semi-guided sociolinguistic interviews conducted in English with nonnative speakers in the US, we established a list of frequency of 72 DMs employed by Chinese L1 speakers learning English. By conducting statistical tests, we examined the impact of some extralinguistic factors relevant to non-native speakers in their use of DMs. Our results showed that gender and social network are the two most influential factors for informal DMs, while the age factor seems to be the weakest for all DMs.
Reporting Verbs in the Humanities and Medical Sciences Research Articles
Authors: Barghamadi Maryam
Published: February 2022

Citation is an essential part of academic writing and allows writers to make strong arguments, review previous research, and express their opinions. This study investigates reporting verbs as a part of citation practice in the research articles published in Iranian and international journals (with different linguacultural backgrounds) in humanities and medical sciences from 2015-2019. In this cross-disciplinary study, 60 research articles (RAs) from Applied Linguistic (AL) and Nursing and Midwifery (NM) as part of humanities and medical sciences respectively were selected and classified based on Hyland’s (2002) frameworks. The results demonstrated that the Iranian journal articles utilised more reporting verbs (RVs) than the international journal articles whereas, the international articles used RVs with a wide variety. Although the types of verbs were different, the research verbs had a clear preference in the corpus. The finding suggests some pedagogical implications for novice scholars and EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students to become familiar with differences in using RVs and select the correct choice of reporting verbs in the field of humanities and medical sciences.
How Grammarly® Website Influences the Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance
Authors: Sajjadpour Nasrin
Published: February 2022

The current investigation was conducted to uncover the influences of the Grammarly® online website on correcting the Iranian EFL learners’ writing flaws and, in consequence, improving their writing performance. The participants of this research were 30 learners studying English at the intermediate level in a private language institute, Bojnurd, North Khorasan, Iran. Being divided into two groups, the experimental group received ten sessions of treatment employing the Grammarly® website in their writing instruction, whereas the control group was given a traditional paradigm concerning teaching writing skills. In addition, two raters evaluated the writers’ performances contingent upon five writing criteria: the band, writing achievement, cohesion-coherence, lexical resource, and grammatical measures. MANOVA, run as to the quantitative data, indicated a significant out-performance of the experimental group over the control group regarding the aspects of writing performance, yielding support to the effectiveness of the Grammarly® online webbased instruction. Furthermore, participants in the experimental group showed more positive attitudes than those in the control group towards the innovative instruction.
Moebius Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Heslin Caitriona , Lyons Rena
Published: February 2022

This is a case presentation of a six year old girl presenting with Moebius Syndrome. She was first seen by a Speech Therapist as a routine screening session in a Preschool, when she was three years old. Following this she underwent numerous investigations and her diagnosis of Moebius Syndrome was confirmed, in December 1990 (C.Age 5.11 years.). Because of the nature of the syndrome, her communication difficulties are complex and the Speech and Language Therapist has a very important role to play in management.
Amplifying Pragmatics: A Decade Later
Authors: Donnelly Kenneth , Creaghead Nancy
Published: February 2022

Despite advances in technology and educational methods, it is obvious that for many hearing impaired adolescents, normal communication is not a reality. Clinicians who work with these childr.en are aware of their communication problems which extend beyond limitations in syntax, semantics and phonology. Hearing impaired children exhibit deficits in the full range of pragmatic communication behaviours. The communicative skills of these teenagers suggest the need for stressing communicative competence at the preschool and elementary-school levels. Developing these abilities requires the careful coordination of amplification and teaching strategies. These papers will present information regarding the integration of amplification and teaching techniques in order to help hearing impaired children develop pragmatic communication skills, including the full range of communicative functions, strategies for effective maintenance of conversations, clarification strategies, and social appropriateness. Attention will be given to bridging the gap from amplification systems and teaching methods in the classroom to personal hearing aid use and communication in the “real world”.
Working with Teachers in a Mainstreamed School Environment: Towards True Collaboration
Authors: Reed Jackle
Published: February 2022

With integration into local schools, intervention for students with such special educational challenges as language learning disabilities, mental handicap and autism needs to be functional, pragmatic and relevant. Increasingly, many school based Speech Language Pathologists are turning away from direct pull-out therapy and are looking for alternatives. Classroom based assessment and intervention is best facilitated through a process of collaborative consultation. This approach does not translate as “therapy in the classroom”. The intention is that the language of the classroom curriculum should provide the context and content of the intervention. In this way, specific deficits may be addressed in the context which creates or maintains them. Teachers are actively involved in classroom based assessment, programming and planning from the initiation of the referral, as opposed to being the recipients of a finished package and therefore have a greater sense of ownership of the student and their difficulties. Talking with teachers about a student’s difficulties, sharing assessment information and providing programmes is certainly not a new idea, however working together with teachers to develop and conduct their own programmes is. Within a framework of collaborative consultation, direct therapy is seen as just one of a range of options.
A Review of Pragmatic Perspectives on Early Language Development
Authors: Walsh Irene P.
Published: February 2022

This paper attempts to outline early language development from a pragmatic perspective. Such a perspective views the child as acquiring language in a use oriented context, thus rendering the child’s earliest linguistic attempts as being predominantly pragmatic in nature. The paper also attempts to illustrate the valuable contribution that the subject area of pragmatics has to make to our overall understanding of the language acquisition process and early communication development in young children.
The Dialogical Approach in Speech and Language Therapy
Authors: Freire Regina Maria
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to propose an alternative approach to language delay in speech and language therapy that differs from those defended by traditional speech and language therapy with respect to the following points. First of all, the therapist is seen as a practitioner whose own language in therapy will structure the language of the client – the subject of therapy. Second, language therapy focuses its investigation on the dyadic interaction caused by the therapy and conceived as the privileged place for (re) constructing oral and written language. Third, therapy attempts to understand language deviations – the “pathology” – by means of language itself, without resorting to other domains which end up by removing the specificity of the object of therapy. The dialogical approach in speech and language therapy allows the constitution of a new dimension of the therapy, of the speech and language therapist and of the “patient”, granting speech and language therapy the constitution of its own object of study.
A Journey Towards a Quality Service
Authors: Kinneen Libby
Published: February 2022

Speech and language therapists are becoming increasingly involved in the whole area of quality assurance. This paper outlines some of the insights encountered in one department’s journey towards developing a high quality speech and language therapy service.
Facilitated Communication – “A Thumbnail Sketch”
Authors: Reed Jackie
Published: February 2022

Facilitated communication is an approach to communication therapy which has received widespread media coverage in the United States. Interest in this approach is now growing in the United Kingdom. Facilitated communication involves a communication partner helping a communication aid user to overcome physical and emotional problems in using their aid, by providing physical assistance. Some issues and concerns surrounding this technique are outlined.
Commentary on Psychogenic Dysphonia of Post Traumatic Origin
Authors: Sloane Pauline M.
Published: February 2022

This paper reviews six female clients presenting with mild dysphonia following minor road traffic accidents. All clients suffered whiplash injuries with marked stress reactions but no concomitant soft tissue damage. All six were involved in litigation proceedings arising from their accidents. The review examines the possible etiological factors involved and emphasises the relationship between laryngeal muscular dysfunction and stress.
Communication and Technology: An Overview of a Paediatric Cochlear Implant Programme
Authors: Dyar Dee
Published: February 2022

This paper provides an overview of the Nottingham Paediatrics Cochlear Implant Programme (NPCIP) from the perspective of a speech and language therapist. Core selection criteria used by the NPCIP are discussed in the light of international implant candidacy trends. Factors influencing the selection of speech and language assessment measures are outlined and procedures for monitoring change are discussed.
Nasality and Nasal Airflow – Definition of Terms
Authors: Sweeney Triona , Grunwell Pam , Leahy Margaret , Malone James , Sell Debbie
Published: February 2022

Disorders of nasality and nasal airflow present many problems for the team working with speech problems associated with cleft palate and palatal anomalies. Bzoch (1989) states that the concept of nasality must be restricted by definition. In this paper nasality and nasal airflow are described for clinical and research purposes, and developed for clinical analysis of speech disorders associated with atypical oro-nasal structure and function. Here nasality refers to perceived nasal resonance at a suprasegmental level and nasal airflow refers to audible nasal airflow perceived at a segmental level.
The Education of Speech & Language Therapists: 25 Years On
Authors: de Montfort Supple Marie
Published: February 2022

History is an important aspect of all our lives, national history, family history, etc. The history/roots of our profession are important, not just to the present generation, but to future generations. It is important to document the early years, to know where we came from. It is only in this context that we can evaluate where we are and where we are (should be) going. What follows is an effort to document the first 25 years of the education of speech and language therapists in Ireland.
Speech Processing, Language and Emerging Literacy Skills in 4 Year Old Children with Specific Speech Difficulties
Authors: Stackhouse Joy , Nathan Liz , Goulandris Nata
Published: February 2022

A number of studies have demonstrated that children with speech and language problems often have associated phonological awareness and subsequent literacy difficulties. However, it is not clear how vulnerable children might be identified during the preschool years. This paper investigates the language, auditory discrimination, lexical representations, speech production, phonological awareness and emerging alphabetic skills of forty-seven 4-year old children with specific speech difficulties and makes comparisons with their matched controls. There was a significant group difference between the experimental and control groups on all areas tested. However, there was individual variation within the experimental group. Further analysis revealed that the children with both speech and language problems performed least well on the tasks. They had more severe speech difficulties and more pervasive speech processing problems than the children with speech problems alone. The importance of including auditory lexical tasks when investigating children’s speech and language problems is stressed.
Collaboration Between Teachers and Speech and Language Therapists: A Local Study
Authors: Becton Aisling
Published: February 2022

There is a growing body of literature which documents the benefits of collaboration between teachers and speech and language therapists. To date, there is little evidence of collaboration in the Irish education and health services. This paper presents the results of a small-scale study of Irish primary teachers’ awareness of pupils with speech and language difficulties. The results of the study suggest that very few Irish primary teachers have actually made a referral to a speech and language therapist or have had contact with a therapist about a pupil. Difficulties that exist with the current arrangements between education and health services in Ireland are highlighted. Some possible courses of action to help bring about closer working practices are suggested.
“Time for a Story” – Joint Book-Reading
Authors: Oxx Deirdre
Published: February 2022

Joint book-reading is an interactive routine with reported benefits for child language development. This study examined communicative behaviours in two different groups of mother-child dyads during joint book-reading; one group consisting of children with typical development and the other group consisting of children with Down Syndrome. Some differences in communicative behaviours were observed between the two groups. The children with Down Syndrome displayed responsiveness in interaction as well as initiation skills. Their mothers were as responsive to their child’s behaviours as the mothers of the typically developing children. However, they displayed lower use of positive reinforcement, and used labelling, description, directives and attentional markers with greater frequency. On the other hand, many behaviours were used with broadly comparable frequencies by both groups – including questioning and expansions. One finding of the present study was a large variance in the communicative behaviours of different dyads. Findings and implications are discussed.
Experiencing Special Needs in Mainstream Primary Schools
Authors: O’Toole Ciara
Published: February 2022

From the middle of the last century there has been an increased focus on quality of life issues for people with disabilities – that they should have every opportunity to live as normally as possible and that they should be valued no less than any of their peers. Part of these experiences involves integration, which is the process where children with and without special educational needs are educated together in the mainstream school. Of prime importance for the success of integration are the attitudes of the mainstream children involved. This paper presents the results of a study of mainstream Irish primary school children’s attitudes towards children with a learning disability and educational integration. The results of this survey suggest that integration practices do not always result in positive or realistic attitudes towards people with a learning disability.
Dysphonia and the Use of Non-Conventional Treatments
Authors: Finn Vivienne M. , Sloane Pauline M.
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to establish the extent and nature of the use of non-conventional medicine treatments among people presenting with dysphonia. A questionnaire survey on the use of “unconventional approaches” in the management of voice disorders was administered to patients currently under the care of speech and language therapists, in four general hospitals in the East and North East of Ireland. Of the twenty five people who completed the questionnaire, 40% reported having consulted a non-medical practitioner, with the same number availing of non-medical treatments. 70% of the subjects availing of non-medical treatments had not informed their general practitioner or speech and language therapist of their medication. Further investigation revealed that a number of respondents were prescribed Arnica, a herbal remedy that has a number of known side-effects, the most pertinent being an irritant of the mucous membrane. Alternative medical treatment represents a rapidly growing approach. General practitioners and other health care professionals need to be cognisant of such approaches and their potential impact on the management of voice disorders.
The Multilingual/Multicultural Millennium Generation
Authors: Cheng Li-Rong Lilly
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to first present four key forces which shape global changes. These changes, in turn, shape the profiles of the millennium generation. These profiles as well as challenges for service delivery will be summarised. Finally, recommendations for academia as well as implications for language and learning will be provided.
Phonological Awareness and Its Role in Early Literacy Development in First Language Speakers in West Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia: A Case Study
Authors: Wilkinson Luke
Published: February 2022

Phonological awareness has been recognised as playing a contributing role in the development of reading and spelling. Speech and Language Pathologists and other educational professionals collaborated with three Aboriginal communities to provide a programme targeting the development of literacy skills for Aboriginal students. Educators based in Aboriginal communities were trained in phonological awareness as applicable to that community’s first language and also to Standard Australian English (S.A.E.).
The Impact of Acquired Neurological Dysarthria on the Speaker’s Self-Concept
Authors: Walshe Margaret
Published: February 2022

The relationship between communication disorders and negative self-concept has been discussed in relation to aphasia, spasmodic dysphonia as well as disorders of fluency. It is unknown whether people with acquired neurological dysarthria also experience changes to self-concept and identity following the onset of this communication disorder. This paper reports the results of a study investigating the impact of acquired dysarthria on the speaker’s self-concept. A semantic differential scale was used to examine changes to self-concept in 31 people with acquired dysarthria. This scale was re-administered after a six-month period to examine whether changes had occurred in self-concept over time. The results indicate that dysarthria generally has a negative impact on the speaker’s self-concept and that this impact does not change over time. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Characteristics of Performance Change in Dysarthria: Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Lowit Anja , Miller Nick , Poedjianto Ninik
Published: February 2022

Previous research has highlighted task-related differences in speech behaviour in normal speakers. Studies investigating speakers with dysarthria in this respect have observed performance patterns that deviate from the norm. A recurrent finding has been that these subjects were unable to alter their speech performance to the same degree as the control group. Various explanations have been put forward to account for this behaviour, which the current study has attempted to investigate further. The findings suggest that performance limitations are the basis for many of the observations. However, it was also noted that some subjects could not achieve the required changes despite otherwise normal levels of speech behaviour. The results suggest that the flexibility of the speech mechanism can be affected independently to maximum performance ability in speakers with dysarthria. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
Evidence-Based Speech and Language Therapy: Do We Use the Evidence?
Authors: Kalf Hanneke
Published: February 2022

As the literature about evidence-based medicine is growing fast in the medical community, the discussion about evidence-based practice in speech and language therapy seems to have come to the fore only recently. Evidence is needed to prove that speech and language therapy is worthwhile paying for (by patients, employers, and health insurance companies). However, are we sure that our treatments of hearing, voice, speech, swallowing or language disorders are really effective? This article is an attempt to demonstrate the several aspects of evidence-based practice: searching for evidence based upon a clinical question and critically appraise the evidence for validity and applicability. Questions remain whether there is already enough evidence available and whether it is realistic that every speech and language therapist can practice ‘evidence-based speech and language therapy’.
Revealing Ability Amidst Perceived Disability in Clinical Interactions: A Nice Idea or a Clinical Imperative?
Authors: Walsh Irene P.
Published: February 2022

Exposing ability where more usually disability is described in people with communication disorders is by no means a new or groundbreaking idea. Speech and language therapists are ever-cognisant of the need to work through a client’s communication strengths to address weaknesses. But what does revealing competence really mean and are we, as therapists, just paying ‘lip-service’ to the notion, rather than permitting it to positively and realistically influence our practice? This paper shows how the skilled behaviour of conversational sociability can be exposed in conversational interactions with people with chronic schizophrenia – a largely neglected population in terms of communication research – thus revealing ability where traditionally only disability has been discussed. Through discourse analysis, it will be shown that reconsidering the nature of ordinary, everyday talk can provide useful insights about the nature of so-called ‘disordered talk’. Identifying conversational strengths rather than weaknesses offers an opportunity to re construe the communication possibilities of people with schizophrenia and hence of many other communication-disordered populations. Exposing the positive skill of conversational sociability also forces us to contemplate the power of sociable talk (or small talk) in, and the influence of our own discourse style on, clinical interactions.
Diluting Skills? Sharing Knowledge? What Does It Mean to Be the Speech & Language Therapist Within a Transdisciplinary Team?
Authors: Cederman Kaye
Published: February 2022

In Ireland over the last two years it has become apparent that Health Boards are progressively more interested in providing inclusive child health and disability services which work in a transdisciplinary way. Indeed the newly established Mid-Western Regional Child Development Centre and Early Intervention Services have instigated transdisciplinary, play-based assessments of a child’s cognitive, social-emotional, sensory-motor and communication areas. The rationale underpinning this method argues that when professionals get alongside the family to share roles and responsibilities and purposely cross disciplinary boundaries, all participants learn from each other and work together to progress the goals of each child and family. But what might be some of the implications of this ‘trans’ method of collaborative practice for speech & language therapists? The paper critically appraises transdisciplinary practices which are inclusive, holistic and non-hierarchical.