bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ANCHORED LARGE WOODY DEBRIS ON BEACH MORPHOLOGY: A PHYSICAL MODEL STUDY
Authors: Wilson Jessica , Falkenrich Pauline , Nistor Ioan , Cornett Andrew , Mohammadian Abdolmajid
Published: September 2023

As the demand for nature-based coastal protection methods increases globally, there remains a stringent need to develop evidence-based design guidance for many of these methods and techniques. Anchored Large Woody Debris (LWD) has been used as an economical method of coastal protection for several decades and has, more recently, gained notoriety as a nature-based approach. Existing design guidance, however, is both limited and not significantly rooted in academic research. This paper presents results from the first experimental study related to coastal protection using LWD. Gravel beach response to various LWD configurations were tested at a large scale based on site characteristics and LWD design characteristics made by the authors during the previous field investigation phase of this research project. Tests were also conducted to assess experiment repeatability, sensitivity to test duration, sensitivity to wave height, wave period, and relative water level, and influence of log roughness. The LWD placement elevation relative to the still water level was found to be strongly linked to the beach morphological response and a theoretical relationship was developed between LWD elevation and sediment volume change. LWD design configurations which included LWD below the still water level, such as the Benched configuration, were found to be most effective at stabilizing the beach profile. To realize potential benefits of coastal protection using LWD, significant additional research is needed on the topic, including studies focused on how to best anchor LWD structures and a wider variety of parameters (hydrodynamic conditions and placement techniques).
INVESTIGATION OF SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN WAVE GROUPS DUE TO PRESENCE OF VEGETATION
Authors: Ram N Hari , Sriram V , Murali K
Published: September 2023

This work presents an experimental study of long-period waves passing over modelled vegetation belts, focusing on the energy attenuation process through vegetation belts and their characteristics. The wave passing over a slope and interacting with vegetation has complex flow characteristics. Thus, the process of energy attenuation by the vegetation has been investigated in this study. Monochromatic waves were considered, and the attenuation characteristics over vegetation belts of different lengths have been discussed in detail. The wave characteristics were discussed in the spectral domain considering the primary frequency and higher harmonics of incident waves to understand the attenuation process of vegetation. The attenuation by vegetation consists of shifting of energy from primary frequencies to higher harmonics and the dissipation of energy from the higher harmonics. The importance of vegetation belt length in energy attenuation has been proved through this investigation in detail.
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR MOORED SHIPS IN HARBOURS
Authors: Pinheiro L. V. , Gomes A. H. , Lopes N. , Lopes S. , Prior A. , Santos J. A. , Fortes C. J.
Published: September 2023

Within the BlueSafePort project, an early warning system (EWS) for moored ships in the port of Sines was developed. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of the system, two neural networks (NN) were trained, using wave buoys measured datasets. Numerical models results for the wave propagation are adjusted and forecasts are improved. The trained neural networks were able to produce more accurate estimates for the significant wave height and mean wave period, at the buoy location, deployed in front of the Sines Port. The use of the new NN led to an overall reduction of the root mean square error of around 80percent compared with SWAN numerical model simulations, thus reducing potential errors in subsequential calculations and alert levels issued by the system for the moored ships.
OPTIMIZING BED LEVELS IN PORTS BASED ON PORT ACCESSIBILITY
Authors: Bakker F.P. , Koningsveld M. van
Published: September 2023

Ports strive to maximize their revenues through being sufficiently nautically accessible for sea-going vessels while minimizing dredging efforts, among many other objectives. These two objectives form an interesting trade-off as they are both dependent on the chosen maintained bed level. Due to system complexities, the design of maintained bed levels is typically optimized using individual design vessels, thereby neglecting the potential interactions between the in- and outgoing nautical traffic. These interactions may in fact be important. To investigate the effect of these interactions on port accessibility, a novel nautical traffic simulator has been built within an open-source discrete-event model. Application to a simple case study of a liquid bulk terminal in the Port of Rotterdam, shows that the interactions between the nautical traffic dynamics and the bed levels can lead to cascading effects that indeed reduce the accessibility and performance of a port. Further ongoing research with the nautical traffic model is expected to result in more accurate assessments of appropriate bed levels, compared to the current approaches.
WAVE TRANSFORMATION OVER PALM BEACH REEF
Authors: Daniels Ralph , Metters Daryl , Ryan John
Published: September 2023

Ocean wave parameters are influenced by shallowing water depth and varying bottom topography. Modelling and in-situ studies have found that as waves propagate over a reef, interaction in the form of friction with the shallower reef can alter wave height, wave spectra, wavelength, and wave direction. Quantifying wave transformation over submerged structures will inform and aid in the design of future coastal protection. The natural reef at Palm Beach on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia is a rock-based reef that extends seaward, surrounded by sand bottom. The seaward reef edge is 10 to 16 metres deep while the shore edge is 5 to 9 metres deep, hence the reef shallows towards the shore. The reef is generally exposed to a dominant south easterly swell but Point Danger to the south offers some protection. Waverider buoys were deployed at four strategic locations at the Palm Beach reef and used to determine how the reef influences wave characteristics as waves travel over the reef. Wave transformation occurs, with the presence of Palm Beach reef having an observable influence on wave height and wave direction. Windward to leeward of the reef significant wave height was reduced by up to 12.7 per cent, wave direction changed by up to 13.9 degrees depending on how the measurement station was aligned with propagation over the reef, peak wave period was not changed significantly.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SAND BYPASS AT AVEIRO AND FIGUEIRA DA FOZ INLETS
Authors: Ferreira Margarida , Coelho Carlos , Lima Márcia , Bernardes Cristina , Baptista Paulo , Silva Paulo A. , Carvalho Ricardo , Pound Malcolm , Pinto Celso
Published: September 2023

To mitigate coastal erosion in the sectors Barra-Vagueira and Figueira da Foz-Leirosa (NW of Portugal), Portuguese coastal authority has promoted the discussion on the feasibility of implementing a sand bypassing system to restore natural littoral sediment transport. This study synthesizes the main results of the proposed solutions for Aveiro and Figueira da Foz tidal inlets. The methodology to develop the study compromised tree main phases that included the historical characterization of the study area, the preliminary design of different sand bypassing solutions for each coastal inlet and the discussion of their economic feasibility. The physical performance of the sand bypass solutions demonstrated that several bypassing solutions are technically viable to mitigate coastal erosion. However, it was found that the solution is economically viable only at the coastal sector Figueira da Foz-Leirosa.
RIP CURRENT DETECTION IN AN OPEN AREA AND ALONG JETTY USING AI
Authors: Ishikawa Toshinori , Shimada Ryo , Komine Tsutomu
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of drowning accidents on beaches is mainly caused by rip currents. In this study, we created a single AI model that can detect two types of rip currents with different characteristics: a flash rip current that occurs intermittently in open areas, and a fixed rip current that occurs along jetty. As a result of creating the AI model under various conditions, it was possible to detect the rip currents at each location with high accuracy at the stage of making the AI model. At the final point of the model’s evolution, the accuracy, the precision and the recall rates of the rip current detection were 87 percent, 48 percent and 100 percent, respectively. As a result of actually operating this AI model on the study beach, the single AI model could detect rip currents along the jetty and in the open area. However, it was confirmed that the AI model could not detect all rip currents which were continuously generated along the jetty.
CONSTRUCTED OYSTER REEFS AS SEDIMENT STABILISERS AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERS: A DUTCH CASE STUDY
Authors: Brink Anneke van den , Paivaa João N. Salvador de , Cillib Silvia , Boersemaa Matthijs , Ciavolab Paolo , Wallescd Brenda , Ysebaertcd Tom , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: September 2023

Global degradation and the collapse of valuable coastal ecosystems has resulted in major efforts to reestablish ecosystem engineering species that provide valuable services like ecosystem-based coastal defense (EBCD). However, conditional outcomes of ecosystem engineering effects make it hard to predict the services provided by such restored systems. In this study we focused on reefs constructed with Crassostrea gigas shells on a sand nourishment at the Oesterdam, in the Oosterschelde tidal bay in the Netherlands. We investigated how the environmental setting, waves and currents, influence sediment stabilisation, as well as oyster spat recruitment and the development of associated biodiversity.
COASTAL DUNES CHANGES ALONG THE WESTERN COAST OF EUROPE
Authors: Burvingt Olivier , Castelle Bruno
Published: September 2023

Coastal dunes are natural barriers buffering storm waves, protecting coastal communities from flooding and rising sea level, and providing a valuable source of biodiversity for the surrounding environment. Significant dune erosion caused by storm waves and high water levels generally takes place over hours or days, while post-storm recovery can take years or decades (Houser et al., 2015). Although coastal dunes have received quite a lot of attention over the last decades, knowledge gaps remain, and our understanding and predicting capacity of long-term (years to decades) coastal dune evolution remain limited. The large diversity of coastal dunes along the Atlantic coast of Europe and the sequence of extreme storms observed during the 2013/14 winter, considered as the most energetic storms since at least 1948 (Masselink, 2016), represent a unique opportunity to study the spectrum of coastal dune response and recovery from an extreme winter.
EFFECTS OF STOCHASTIC WAVE FORCING ON EQUILIBRIUM SHORELINE RESPONSE ACROSS THE 21st CENTURY INCLUDING SEA-LEVEL RISE
Authors: D’Anna Maurizio , Idier Deborah , Castelle Bruno , Rohmer Jeremy , Cagigal Laura , Mendez Fernando J.
Published: September 2023

Chronic erosion of sandy shorelines is a great concern for coastal communities, and its associated risks can be exacerbated by sea-level rise (SLR). Probabilistic longterm predictions of shoreline change are crucial to an informed adaptation planning. While scientists are moving towards ensemble-based approaches to address uncertainties on shoreline evolution, they rarely account for the stochastic nature of wave conditions across a several temporal scales (e.g., daily, seasonal, and interannual). In this work, we investigate the effects of the inherent variability of wave conditions in relation to other uncertain factors (e.g. future SLR) on multi-decadal shoreline evolution at the cross-shore transport dominated beach of Truc Vert (France). The analysis also includes the comparison of two different wavedriven equilibrium models response to the variability of wave conditions.
MODELLING OF BEACH STATE VARIABILITY
Authors: Nwanosike Blessing , Karunarathna Harshinie , Reeve Dominic E.
Published: September 2023

Beach morphological states evolve over different time scales in relation to waves and antecedent beach characteristics. There are various forms of beach state which include dissipative, reflective, and intermediate. The aim of this work is to develop a new empirical model that can recognize beach state variability when beaches respond to varying wave climates without having the need to use computationally expensive process-based numerical model.
A SIMPLE LABORATORY CALIBRATION METHOD FOR MITIGATING SEAWATER EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS
Authors: Brilli Nicola C. , Stark Nina , Raubenhiemer Britt , Elgar Steve , Korka Bennet
Published: September 2023

The importance of moisture content for sediment dynamics in coastal environments is well documented, particularly in reference to aeolian sediment transport (Davidson-Arnott, 2005). Tidally-induced changes in moisture content in partially saturated environments, such as beaches, cause significant changes in surface shear strength through the development of suction stresses, which can affect erodibility (Sassa and Watabe, 2007). Thus, the accurate measurement of moisture content in these environments is important for determination of strength properties and for predicting sediment transport. Most moisture sensors work by measuring dielectric permittivity, the ability to carry electric charge, of the substrate, which is proportional to the moisture content. However, most moisture sensors are not calibrated for seawater, which has a higher dielectric permittivity than freshwater, causing overestimation of the moisture content. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop and demonstrate a laboratory calibration scheme to account for this overestimation, and thus to allow for more accurate measurements of moisture content in coastal environments.
APPLICATION OF EQUILIBRIUM-BASED SHORELINE EVOLUTION MODELING TO DIVERSE COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Jaramillo Camilo , González Mauricio , Medina Raúl
Published: September 2023

Coastal zones are highly complex and dynamic environments shaped by diverse forcing agents such as waves, nearshore currents, sea levels, storm surges, winds, human interventions, and other oceanographic and sediment supply factors that occur on different spatio-temporal scales. Hence, coastal managers and stakeholders need simplified and practical models in order to estimate future beach morphodynamic changes to face decision-making. The shoreline hindcast under the influence of changing marine conditions has been mostly considered by means of existing robust shoreline evolution models, such as one-line shoreline models, multi-line shoreline models, combined models, and 3D models. All of them require long data series, many calibration parameters and are computationally intensive. This study presents the potential performance of some newly equilibrium-based shoreline evolution models used for daily to multiannual shoreline prediction, in diverse coastal environments (e.g. Jaramillo et al. 2020, 2021a, 2021b).
INVESTIGATING DEBRIS TRANSPORT DURING EXTREME COASTAL EVENTS
Authors: Cinar Gizem Ezgi , Lynett Patrick
Published: September 2023

Past extreme coastal events such as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami and the 2018 Hurricane Michael demonstrated the significance of understanding the debris generation and its transport and impacts during coastal disasters. Although there are many studies on debris loading and impact for damage assessments, very few studies focus on predicting the motion of debris. Nearly all experimental debris motion studies consider tsunami-like flows for the hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, we still have a major gap in the literature for debris transport under the combined effect of currents and wind waves. Physical model experiments attempted to recreate the dispersion of pier debris to better understand the transport of debris during extreme wave and current events. Visual analysis of spatial and temporal displacement of floating debris was studied performing object detection and tracking by using OpenCV and MATLAB routines.
WAVE OVERTOPPING MITIGATION BY A VERTICAL WALL OR A WAVE RETURN WALL AT THE END OF A PITCHED ROCK SLOPE
Authors: Klabbers Martijn , Meer Jentsje van der , Yong Yao Ming
Published: September 2023

This extended abstract contains two topics: stability of a pitched rock slope (in contrast to randomly placed rock) and mitigation of excessive wave overtopping at an existing rock slope. The stability of a single pitched rock layer could reasonably well be predicted by the Van der Meer formula. The criteria for start of damage and failure, however, become much stricter for a single armour layer. The commonly used EurOtop-equations for wave overtopping were used to fit influence factors for a vertical wall, with and without bullnose, and for a wave return wall. A vertical wall will increase the crest level, where the wave return wall replaces a part of the crest of the rock structure and has the same crest level as the original structure. Test conditions were focused on steep waves (high wave steepness) only, as this is the actual design situation for Singapore structures facing the sea directly.
TURBULENCE MODELLING OF INCIPIENT WAVE BREAKING ON A VERTICAL CYLINDER ON A SLOPED BED
Authors: Li Yuzhu , Fuhrman David R.
Published: September 2023

The extensive use of vertical piles as basic components of coastal structures, e.g. monopile wind turbine foundations, has made the study of wave impact on vertical cylindrical structures in the breaking zone of major practical importance. To investigate the breaking wave forces on a vertical cylinder located on a sloped bed, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) based turbulence models have been used as closure in most recent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. The present study adopts a Reynolds stress model (RSM), namely the Wilcox (2006) stress-ww model, as our primary turbulence closure model to simulate the experiment of Irschik et al. (2004). The Wilcox (2006) stress-ww model has been analysed in the recent work of Li et al. (2022) and proven to be neutrally stable in the potential flow region beneath surface waves, thus it naturally avoids any unphysical turbulence over-production in the pre-breaking zone (unlike two-equation models in their standard forms). It has also shown good accuracy in predicting surf zone breaking waves in Li et al. (2022) and deep-water wave breaking due to modulational perturbations in Li and Fuhrman (2022). For comparison purposes, the present study also conducts simulations with the stabilized LF18 kk- ww model, as well as with no turbulence model.
AN INTER-COMPARISON STUDY OF GREEN AND GRAY STRUCTURE EFFECTS ON OVERLAND FLOW FLOODING AND FORCE ON COASTAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Dang Hai Van , Shin Sungwon , Park Hyoungsu , Tomiczek Tori , Cox Daniel , Hur Dong-Soo
Published: September 2023

Coastal communities have been prone to extreme inundations generated by storm surges and tsunamis. Especially inundated overland flows adversely impact low-lying areas. Therefore, mitigation solutions are essential in protecting human lives and infrastructures. So far, hard structures (gray structures) have been widely used to protect coastal communities against severe flooding. Recently, Natural and Nature-Based Features (NNBF, green structures) also have been studied for flood hazard mitigation, such as mangroves (Tomiczek et al., 2020), dunes, reefs, etc. However, the inter-comparison studies of gray and green structures in the flooding and force reduction have not been investigated sufficiently. Therefore, the present study investigated the physical and numerical model comparison of gray and green structures regarding flooding hydrodynamics and forces on the buildings.
ASSESSMENT OF WAVE-INDUCED MOMENTARY SEABED LIQUEFACTION
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Jung , Chen Yang-Yih , Li Meng-Syue
Published: September 2023

Seepage force induced by ocean waves has been related to the liquefaction around submarine structure, and it has been shown to cause significant sediment transport and rapid burial of pipelines and objects (Tsai et al., 2022). This study assesses the impact of momentary soil liquefaction due to pore pressure gradient near seabed generated by waves in the range of oceanic and coastal environment. The nonlinear wave solution of the stream function numerical approximation is applied to cover the wide range of wave condition in ocean and to evaluate the contribution of kinetic term in the energy equilibrium of water waves, which appears at least in third order analytical solution. The dispersion relation for coupled wave-soil interaction is discussed to shed insight on the effect of seabed response on wave dissipation. The present solution demonstrates the momentary liquefaction near mud line, which is triggered by the pore pressure gradient under wave trough and assesses the trigger criterion of wave condition in wave-current environment.
PEAK DIFFERENTIAL TIDAL PRESSURES FOR ROCK WALL RECLAMATION AREAS
Authors: Dryden Damian
Published: September 2023

Unexpected differential tidal pressures occurred during construction of a 62 Ha reclamation area at Townsville Port. The reduction in tidal flows through a new rock wall structure was in conjunction with installation of a geotextile membrane. Tidal pressures began to displace the geotextile and cover rock. This paper discusses tide data collected during various stages of construction and how it was used for estimating progressive tide differentials. These estimates assisted with forecasting potential issues.
EFFECT OF GRAVEL PARTICLE SIZE ON THE RESHAPING OF DYNAMIC REVETMENTS
Authors: Sirianni Dario , Nistor Ioan , Rennie Colin , Cornett Andrew , Murphy Enda , Baker Scott , Hnatiw David
Published: September 2023

Gravel beaches are prevalent natural features on many coastlines and play a vital role in shore protection, often inspiring protection structures (Bayle et al., 2020) and nature-based solutions. Dynamic revetments are constructed features, designed to mimic gravel beaches, dissipating wave energy and preventing or limiting erosion. Compared to sand beaches, gravel revetments dissipate incident wave energy and dampen backwash intensity by percolating through the relatively large pore volume space (Komar, 2007). During storm events, gravel particles move up the beach, accreting at the crest. This predominately onshore-directed transport of gravel material differs from the storm-driven morphodynamic behaviour of sandy beaches, which tend to exhibit higher rates of offshore-directed transport (Komar, 2007). Ahrens’ Theorem continues to be used as a design volume estimator for dynamic revetments (Bayle et al., 2020). This primary objective of this study is to investigate how dynamic revetments with different D50 reshape under various wave conditions.
STABLITY OF TEMPORARILY PLACED LARGE SANDBAGS AGAINST WAVES
Authors: Suzuki Kojiro , Kubota Hiroki
Published: September 2023

In Japan, Typhoon No. 15 (Faxai) hit the Kanto region on September 5, 2019, causing massive flooding damage due to the collapse of seawalls (Suzuki et al., 2020). In the Fukuura district of Yokohama City, the parapet of the seawall collapsed and large overtopping waves inundated an area 0.75 km inland from the seawall, resulting in a flooded area of 0.8 km2. Since the typhoon season lasts until November, there was a possibility that typhoons would continue to hit the area after that. Therefore, with the parapet collapsed, there was a possibility of major flooding damage again. Under such conditions, temporary overtopping measures were necessary. In Japan, large sandbags are commonly installed in such cases. However, there are many unknowns regarding the stability of sandbags against waves. Even if they are installed, they are likely to be scattered by waves. In this study, emergency recovery measures and subsequent responses in the Fukuura district due to Typhoon No. 19 were examined. Furthermore, the stability of sandbags was examined through large hydraulic experiments.
HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SUBMERGED FLOATING BRDIGE WITH SUSPENSION SUPPRORT AFTER CABLE FAILURE
Authors: Won Deokhee , Seo Jihye , Kim Seungjun
Published: September 2023

Submerged floating tunnels with suspension supports (SFTSS) resemble to suspension bridges on lands, which are installed a number of hangers on the main tower and main cables to support the girder. On the other hand, as the SFTSS installed underwater has to resist the buoyancy and the forces in an offshore environment, the main cable was installed at the bottom of the tunnel body and connected with a hanger. The concept of the SFTSS was first proposed by Won et al (2019, 2022). It was found that the SFTSS was generated itself a tuned mass damper (TMD) effect due to the interaction between the body and the main cable. This can induce the vibration of the body to be attenuated according to the offshore environment conditions such as waves and currents, and had a feature that the length between the main towers can be longer than 3 km (Won et al., 2022). The body of the SFTSS was supported by main cables and hangers as aforementioned. In case of the hanger was down by failures, the behavior characteristics of the SFTSS would be changed and be greatly reduced the structure safety. In this study, the behavioral characteristics of the SFTSS were analyzed according to five scenarios on the cable failure.
DIRECT HAZARD FROM WAVE OVERTOPPING: A REVIEW AND FORWARD LOOK
Authors: Bruce Tom , Meer Jentsje van der , Allsop William
Published: September 2023

A primary purpose of many coastal defences is to protect people from direct hazard due to wave overtopping. This is reflected by the use of an admissible overtopping as a key parameter in design or assessment of structures. Despite this long-established design driver, it is less than 20 years since guidance on admissible overtopping started to move from being based simply upon mean discharge to consider the volumes associated with individual wave overtopping events. Only in the past five years or so has attention zoomed in further, to associate the influences of direct hazard on the actual flow parameters (typically water depth and speed at the pedestrian). This paper will provide a developed view of the current state of the art and improved guidance, and the research from which it has emerged.
SCALE EFFECT IN LOCAL SCOUR AROUND AN OFFSHORE PILE
Authors: Enomoto Yota , Hamachi Katsuya , Arikawa Taro
Published: September 2023

Accurately predicting scour is important for its prevention around the foundations of offshore wind turbines. Many studies on local scour around piles have been conducted. Chen et al. (2022) conducted scour analysis using largescale experiments and examined the maximum scour depth. However, the relationship between scour depth and time has not yet been investigated. Furthermore, only a few studies have comprehensively examined the scale effects and similarity laws. In this study, experiments for analyzing local scour around a pile were conducted at different scales, 1/13, 1/65, and 1/130, to verify the scale effects and corresponding similarity laws regarding scouring time.
PHYSICAL MODELLING OF SOLITARY WAVE OVERTOPPING IN THE PRESENCE OF A COASTAL DUNE
Authors: Patel Dhaval M , Wuppukondur Ananth , Baldock Tom
Published: September 2023

Oceanic underwater disturbances are associated with submarine landslides, volcano eruptions, or seismic activity occurring below or near the ocean basin, which can produce tsunami, which have a small amplitude in deep water with a very long wavelength, so they generally pass unnoticed offshore (Robke and Vott, 2017). These types of tsunami waves can cause massive damage or failures to coastal structures (Kato et al., 2007). From the field surveys after the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Japanese tsunami, it was revealed that natural coastal features such as dunes, dense vegetation, and a combination of dunes with vegetation, acted as natural buffers and provided protection to infrastructure and communities further landward (Fritz and Borrero, 2006; Wijetunge, 2006; Murthy et al., 2012; Wijetunge, 2012). The role of coastal forests, such as mangrove vegetation, on tsunami run-up and inundation reduction, have been extensively studied by many researchers with physical and numerical modeling (Husrin et al., 2012; Yao et al., 2015; Esteban et al., 2017), but not the influence of coastal dunes in offering direct protection. Hence, the present research aims to investigate the mitigation of tsunami run-up and overtopping by coastal dunes.
ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL DAMAGE FOR THE COOLING WATER INTAKE STRUCTURE OF A COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT
Authors: Dita Andrei Raphael P. , Cruz Eric C. , Santos Jose Carlo Eric L.
Published: September 2023

Last October 2020, a strong tropical cyclone with international name Molave (local name: Quinta) caused widespread damage to agricultural and infrastructure sectors in the Philippines. Among those affected is a coalfired power plant located within the vicinity of Tayabas Bay. The velocity cap at the head of the cooling water intake structure of the power plant was found washed ashore in the morning of October 26, 2020 (PH time) after the onslaught of Typhoon Molave. Underwater site investigations post-typhoon revealed that the walls and other components of the intake structure were damaged as well. The intake structure head was initially built at seabed depths of 9m below Mean Tide Level (MTL), while the velocity cap was topped at 6m below MTL. This paper presents the forensic analysis and coastal damage assessment methodology carried out to identify the nearshore hydrodynamic conditions during the passage of potentially critical typhoons throughout the useful life of the intake structure (2017 to 2020).
MULTI-SCALE WAVE MODELLING; FIELD VALIDATION IN FAXE BAY, DENMARK
Authors: Adell Anna , Almström Björn , Kroon Aart , Larson Magnus , Hallin Caroline
Published: September 2023

Access to local nearshore wave climate conditions on a detailed spatial scale is important for many coastal engineering practices. These include assessing the flood risk of coastal infrastructure, designing coastal protection measures, and estimating sediment transport processes and wave run-up. The present study displays a multi-scale wave modelling approach using the numerical wave model SWAN (Booij et al., 1999) together with field data applied in the southern Baltic Sea. The main objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of employing a single wave model for seamless simulations over several scales in time and space, from offshore to nearshore, including the effects of grid size and resolution. Validation with extensive field data was a crucial part of the study.
COMPARISON OF FLOW DYNAMICS AND AIR ENTRAINMENT UNDER LABORATORY PLUNGING AND SPILLING BREAKING WAVES
Authors: Na Byoungjoon , Chang Kuang-An , Lim Ho-Joon
Published: September 2023

Wave breaking plays a vital role in enhancing transfer of mass, momentum, and energy across the air-sea interface. Even though wave breaking has been intensively studied, a vast part of the air entrainment process is still poorly understood. One major reason is that multiphase approaches considering air-water mixture density variation have rarely been used. To quantify certain flow properties that involve air entrainment and fluid density variation, such as the mean and turbulent kinetic energy as well as potential energy under breaking waves, void fraction measurements are essential. In the present study, through combined velocity and void fraction measurements, flow kinematics, turbulence, void fraction, and the effects of void fraction to energy dissipation were investigated. The data uniquely characterize and compare kinematic and dynamic properties of the multiphase flow, including flow structure in the highly aerated region, under plunging and spilling breaking waves.
SIMULATION OF STEEPNESS-LIMITED BREAKING WAVES IN A FULLY NONLINEAR POTENTIAL FLOW MODEL
Authors: Mohanlal Sunil , Kimmoun Lili , Grilli Stephan , Harris Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

Steepness-limited wave breaking is simulated in a fully nonlinear potential flow model and validated with laboratory data. Breaking onset is based on the ratio of horizontal particle velocity at the crest, relative to the crest velocity reaching a threshold value. A breaking dissipation model, where the non-dimensional breaking strength parameter is predicted based on the linear wave steepness is used. A new time-dependent dissipation is tested, and the breaking termination criterion is studied.
GENERATION OF LINEAR WAVES WITH BOTTOM WAVE MAKERS IN A FLUME: AN EFFICIENT WAY TO ABSORB REFLECTED WAVES
Authors: Tran Minh Thang , Jung Jae-Sang , Lee Changhoon , Park Yong Sung
Published: September 2023

When waves are generated in a flume by the conventional piston or flap wave maker, waves reflected from structures will arrive at the wave maker and experience re-reflection. These re-reflected waves will propagate to the structures so that the target wave energy cannot be accurately obtained. Since 1980s, methods of internally generating waves inside a computational domain and putting sponge layers at the domain end have been developed in numerical modelling. Internally generated waves will propagate both directions from the wave generation zone and waves reflected from the structures will pass through the wave generation zone without any reflection by the wave maker and be absorbed in the sponge layers. Using the idea of internal generation of waves, Jung et al. (2018) developed bottom wave makers in a flume which have paddles moving up and down from the bottom (see also Lu et al. (2017)). In this study, following Jung et al.’s (2018) techniques, we numerically develop both rectangular and triangular bottom wave makers in a flume using the analytical method and the extended mild-slope equations.
OYSTER REEF AND MUSSEL BED SURROGATES SUBJECTED TO WAVES
Authors: Hitzegrad Jan , Rentsch Lisa , Windt Christian , Goseberg Nils
Published: September 2023

Benthic bivalve organisms are important eco-engineers for coastal ecosystems. They create habitats for many other species, attenuate waves and currents, enhance the water quality through filter-feeding, and stabilize seabed sediments. In shallow marine environments, they form bio-encrusted surfaces with large horizontal expanses. In the German Wadden Sea, these bio-encrusted surfaces account for roughly 6 percent of the tidal basins. A common feature of bio-encrusted surfaces by different species is the formation of a complex three-dimensional (3D) relief and increased hydraulic roughness compared to the surrounding sea floor. The potential for dissipating wave energy due to bed friction has been recognized in several studies (e.g., Donker et al. 2013; Manis et al. 2015) and applied as a nature-based solution (NbS) for coastal protection, e.g., on the East Coast of the USA (Morris et al. 2021). However, systematic studies on wave-biota interactions are still missing, which are needed to derive comprehensive recommendations for their use as NbS in costal protection.
LONG WAVES FORCED BY SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC WAVE GROUPS
Authors: Baldock Tom , Michallet Hervé , Theo Moura
Published: September 2023

Two solutions have been proposed for forced waves by wave groups. Two interpretations are proposed by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart (1962), LHS1962, and Mei (1989) for steady groups. These indicate a forced wave oscillating either around or solely below the mean water level for the short waves, respectively. The existence of forced waves as either pure depressions or as oscillations about the still water level has significant implications in terms of shoaling behaviour and the generation of free long waves. With a bound wave with both positive and negative components then shoaling (an increase in amplitude in shallower water) does not necessarily require radiation of free waves to ensure continuity of volume, but with a bound wave of pure depression, then an increase in amplitude of that depression requires radiation of free waves to ensure continuity (Nagase and Mizuguchi, 1996, Nielsen and Baldock, 2010). Radiation of those free waves then changes the shape of the total infragravity wave during shoaling and may also influence the commonly observed lag between incident bound waves and the incoming short-wave envelope. Here, we show that pure long wave depression can be generated by Gaussian wave groups, and that asymmetric forced long waves, with a leading crest and following depression, are generated by triangular / Gaussian groups.
A trajetória intelectual-militante de György Lukács: apontamentos acerca do "ascetismo" revolucionário, do irracionalismo stalinista e do marxismo "heterodoxo"
Authors: Silva Homero , Filho Osterne Nonato Maia , Jimenez Maria Susana
Published: September 2023

Pretende-se analisar a trajetória de György Lukács. Em grande parte, os estudos sobre a trajetória de Lukács registram seus esforços em atestar a existência de uma estética marxista, assim como de escrever uma ética, o que, culminou na escrita dos fundamentos de uma ontologia do ser social. Em suas obras finais também se sobressai a percepção de que o método de Marx seria o pilar de tais empreitadas. O que se observou no presente trabalho é um desdobrar desses fundamentos. Tomando como objeto de análise algumas das últimas entrevistas concedidas por ele foi possível observar três pontos que complementam os fundamentos delineados sobre a ética, a estética e a ontologia: à crítica o stalinismo, o ascetismo e o marxismo 'heterodoxo', deixando claro o filósofo marxista que esses 'desvios' têm influenciado negativamente a luta pela emancipação humana. Pensar uma prática coerente com tal perspectiva faz-se ainda mais urgente em nossos dias.
Glycidyl Ethers (Aliphatic Glycidyl Ethers, Aromatic Monoglycidyl Ethers, Aromatic Diglycidyl Ethers, Polyglycidyl Ethers) and Precursor Epoxy Compounds
Authors: Jean Paul A. , Pottenger Lynn H. , Mattke Siv , Hunziker René W.
Published: September 2023

This chapter updates the hazard information of glycidyl ether epoxy compounds frequently encountered in industrial manufacture of epoxy resins as an important reference for Industrial Hygienists and other industry health and safety professionals. The chapter covers basic general information, including chemical/physical properties, production and uses, and a review of available toxicology data for 20 of these substances. There have been significant additions to the health and safety information available for these glycidyl ether substances since the previous publication of this chapter. This includes filling data gaps for the most basic of hazard characterizations as well as important studies evaluating the potential forin vivogenotoxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity. The advancements in our understanding of the hazard potential are substance‐specific and growing as there are significant studies ongoing at the time of this publication. The information provided in this chapter represents our understanding of the most up‐to‐date information for each substance.
Nickel and Its Compounds
Authors: Buxton Samuel , Verpaele Steven , Oller Adriana
Published: September 2023

Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring element in the transition metals of the periodic table. Nickel is naturally present in the Earth's crust, rocks, soil, plants, and water; nickel is essential to some microorganisms and plants. Thus, nickel is naturally found in a variety of crops, foodstuffs, and animals. Nickel and its compounds are used extensively in applications like batteries, stainless steel, and medical devices. Thus, natural and anthropogenic exposures to nickel and its compounds are ubiquitous. The human toxicities associated with excess exposure to nickel include nickel allergic contact dermatitis, respiratory cancer, noncancer respiratory toxicity, and reproductive effects. The bioavailable nickel +2 ion is reported to drive the toxicities associated with nickel. In this book chapter on nickel and its compounds, we explore the physical and chemical properties, production and use, occupational and nonoccupational exposures, toxicokinetics, toxicities, workplace exposure assessment and surveillance, and last but not least, environmental exposure assessment and surveillance of nickel and nickel compounds.
Rock/Stone Wool (Mineral Wool)
Authors: Houghton Carol , Koch Christoph , Solvang Mette
Published: September 2023

Rock wool, also known as stone wool, is a mineral wool traditionally used as a thermal insulation material and it falls within the generic group identified as man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVF). Other fiber types belong to this generic group. The terminology used to define mineral wools and other Man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVFs) is reviewed and defined in this revision, taking due account of the different nomenclature adopted in Europe and the USA. This chapter reviews the fiber types and properties, production, and the routes of exposure. Levels of human exposure are shown to be generally low and well controlled. The lungs and surrounding tissues are the target organs of most interest for potential adverse health effects. Potential impacts of exposure and the mechanisms for fiber clearance are discussed, with both animal studies and human epidemiological data being updated. Current regulatory guidance and the health classifications for rock wool (mineral wool) used in the United States and Europe show no concerns for human carcinogenicity. In October 2001 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) re‐classified rock (stone) wool and other commercially available insulation wools as Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans) that is not suspected of causing cancer in humans.
Silicones
Authors: Greene Tracy , House‐Knight Tamara , Gentry Robinan , Clewell Harvey
Published: September 2023

Linear polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), often commonly referred to as “silicones,” “siloxanes,” “organosilicones,” or “organosiloxanes,” are polymeric organosilicon substances composed of dimethylsiloxy units with trimethylsilyl end groups. This class of PDMS may best be represented by the main CAS number [63148‐62‐9], although other CAS numbers [(9016‐00‐6) and (63394‐02‐5)] may be considered representative of this class of compounds. PDMS are manmade organosilicon compounds that range from low molecular weight volatile materials to high molecular weight polymeric materials. Silicones have a wide range of applications found in all areas of everyday life. The chemical, rubber, plastics, and construction industries make up the majority of the total market volume. Results from studies conducted in animals following oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure indicated minimal adverse effects, with no significant increase reported in mortality or malignant or benign tumors. Due to the wide use of PDMS fluids in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and implants studies in humans have been conducted. The overall weight of medical and scientific evidence supports the conclusion that PDMS fluids used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, as well as in implants, at the concentrations currently in the marketplace, are not associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects.
Supporting adult working learners
Authors: Roumell Elizabeth A. , Jabarkhail Sami
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the impact of technological advances and digital transformations, with a particular focus on the “future of work” and its implications for lifelong learning and adult working learners. We emphasize the pressing need for human‐centric solutions to address complex human challenges that technology alone cannot resolve, such as access to education, socioeconomic disparities, and cultural barriers. Drawing on articles in this issue, we advocate for cultivating improved human capabilities among systems, organizations, leaders, educators, and learners to navigate the accelerating technological and social transformations in work and education. Additionally, this paper underscores the significance of educators, policymakers, and advocates in serving the lifelong learning needs of adult working learners, while also highlighting the need for more agile and pragmatic strategies. While addressing the necessity of integrating technological advancements with human development, we stress the importance of ongoing education and training to adapt to the changes brought on by Industry 4.0 era. Ultimately, the paper calls for responsive and intelligent education policies and systems that promote the education, well‐being, and economic participation of citizens in the face of a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Learning and education for older adult job seekers
Authors: Jin Bora , Baumgartner Lisa M.
Published: September 2023

Ageism in today's workplace can have a range of detrimental emotional, psychological, and economic effects on older job seekers. This article highlights types of ageism in the workplace and the most common age‐related stereotypes in the hiring process and on the job.

We explore how ageism negatively affects the emotional and psychological, physical, and financial health of older job seekers, older workers, and organizations. Finally, we conclude with the implications for supporting older job seekers in navigating reeducation and learning for obtaining employment.
Attention‐gated U‐Net networks for simultaneous axial/sagittal planes segmentation of injured spinal cords
Authors: Masse‐Gignac Nicolas , Flórez‐Jiménez Salomón , Mac‐Thiong Jean‐Marc , Duong Luc
Published: September 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the gold standard for the evaluation of spinal cord injuries. Automatic analysis of these injuries is however challenging, as MRI resolutions vary for different planes of analysis and physiological features are often distorted around these injuries. This study proposes a new CNN‐based segmentation method in which information is exchanged between two networks analyzing the scans from different planes. Our aim was to develop a robust method for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord in patients having suffered traumatic injuries. The database consisted of 106 sagittal MRI scans from 94 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries. Our method used an innovative approach where the scans were analyzed in series under the axial and sagittal plane by two different convolutional networks. The results were compared with those of Deepseg 2D from the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT), which was taken as state‐of‐the‐art. Comparisons were evaluated using K‐Fold cross‐validation combined with statistical t‐test results on separate test data. Our method achieved significantly better results than Deepseg 2D, with an average Dice coefficient of 0.95 against 0.88 for Deepseg 2D (p <0.001). Other metrics were also used to compare the segmentations, all of which showed significantly better results for our approach. In this study, we introduce a robust method for spinal cord segmentation which is capable of adequately segmenting spinal cords affected by traumatic injuries, improving upon the methods contained in SCT.