bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The economics of COVID-19: a systematic literature review
Authors: Rathnayaka Imalka Wasana , Khanam Rasheda , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur
Published: September 2022

Purpose

A systematic, PRISMA-guided literature review was conducted using four databases (ProQuest, PubMed, EconLit and Scopus) to analyze research published between February 2020 and August 2021. This review included 31 studies out of 1,248 that were identified.

Design/methodology/approach

In addition to the serious health issues it causes, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) has a destructive impact on the global economy. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the growing literature on variations of economic factors due to COVID-19 (2) to review the literature on the governmental response to the pandemic and (3) to discover the perspective and the gaps and outline the future avenues for further research.

Findings

All selected studies (31) have used the macroeconomic, household and health economic factors to analyze the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these studies, 22 articles examined the economic consequences and macroeconomic activities, 7 analyzed microeconomic costs and healthcare trade-offs and 2 studies reviewed economic uncertainty and macroeconomic expectations.

Research limitations/implications

This study comprises the most relevant research articles to measure the economic consequences of COVID-19. As a result of the lockdown and other containment initiatives, price levels, employment and consumption patterns have all suffered.

Practical implications

Therefore, the government's requirement to develop policy tools and approaches to ensure a full recovery from the pandemic should lead to greater long-term economic resilience.

Originality/value

This study examines the economic implications of COVID-19, with the aim of not only analysing COVID-19's negative economic effects but also, those measures that provide new directions in the form of short-run economic impacts and policy decisions.
An analysis of a novel Canadian pilot health information exchange to improve transitions between hospital and long-term care/skilled nursing facility
Authors: Aird Tyler , Holditch Ceara , Culgin Sarah , Vanderheyden Margareta , Rutledge Greg , Encinareal Carlo , Perri Dan , Edward Fraser , Boyd Hugh
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness, compliance, adoption and lessons learnt from the pilot implementation of a data integration solution between an acute care hospital information system (HIS) and a long-term care (LTC) home electronic medical record through a case report.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilization statistics of the data integration solution were captured at one-month post implementation and again one year later for both the emergency department (ED) and LTC home. Clinician feedback from surveys and structured interviews was obtained from ED physicians and a multidisciplinary LTC group.

Findings

The authors successfully exchanged health information between a HIS and the electronic medical record (EMR) of an LTC facility in Canada. Perceived time savings were acknowledged by ED physicians, and actual time savings as high as 45 min were reported by LTC staff when completing medication reconciliation. Barriers to adoption included awareness, training efficacy and delivery models, workflow integration within existing practice and the limited number of facilities participating in the pilot. Future direction includes broader staff involvement, expanding the number of sites and re-evaluating impacts.

Practical implications

A data integration solution to exchange clinical information can make patient transfers more efficient, reduce data transcription errors, and improve the visibility of essential patient information across the continuum of care.

Originality/value

Although there has been a large effort to integrate health data across care levels in the United States and internationally, the groundwork for such integrations between interoperable systems has only just begun in Canada. The implementation of the integration between an enterprise LTC electronic medical record system and an HIS described herein is the first of its kind in Canada. Benefits and lessons learnt from this pilot will be useful for further hospital-to-LTC home interoperability work.
A modified model for ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-shear-strengthened pre-cracked beams with geopolymer
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Su Xincheng
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The effects of failure mode and strain conditions of CFRP, concrete and stirrups on the shear capacity of reinforced beams bonded by geopolymer and epoxy are studied. In addition, a prediction model of the ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-shear-strengthened beams is proposed, which considers adhesive performance parameters adhesive performance parameter ßE and FRP width parameter ßw.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an experimental study on ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-shear-strengthened pre-cracked beams with geopolymer and epoxy resin, which considers parameters such as impregnated adhesives types and CFRP-strengthened scheme.

Findings

The failure modes of CFRP-strengthened beams bonded by geopolymer are the combination of the CFRP-concrete interface substrate failure and fracture failure of CFRP, and that of epoxy is the local substrate failures with small area. The ultimate load of CFRP-strengthened beams is directly affected by the failure modes. The ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-strengthened beams with geopolymer is 91.4% of that of epoxy resin. Compared with ultimate bearing capacity of CFRP-strengthened beams with U-shaped, that of complete-wrapping increases by 2.5%. Moreover, the stirrup peak strain is reduced by more than 30% in CFRP-strengthened beams bonded with geopolymer and epoxy resin in comparison with the unstrengthened beam. The existing prediction model cannot accurately predict the CFRP shear capacity contribution of strengthened beams with different CFRP-strengthened schemes and adhesive properties. The estimated results are much lower than the test data, and the deviation is much larger than 20%.

Originality/value

Geopolymer alternative to epoxy as an adhesive is feasible and effective for CFRP reinforcement. Furthermore, the accuracy is improved by introducing parameters about adhesive properties based on the existing prediction model. The estimated results are in excellent agreement with the test data, and the deviation is controlled within −12.80%, and the model is suitable for predicting the shear capacity of FRP-strengthened beams with ßf = 90° in shear capacity database.
Responsible management education: mapping the trends, influential sources and research themes
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Bibi Aqsa
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study carries out a systematic literature review (SLR) on responsible management education (RME). A total of 174 publications listed on the Scopus database addressing RME, published between 2007 and 2022 (inclusive), have been analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

The articles included in the study were searched based on relevant key terms in the title, abstract and author keywords associated with each publication. The analysis led to the identification of the most relevant sources, authors and publications that can be used to circumscribe RME. Selected studies were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-tool.

Findings

This study shows how three interrelated levels of analysis—namely, conceptual, intellectual and social—allow researchers to further organize the data to produce rich content for the RME. The contribution of this study is twofold: first, our values-based approach helps overcome the axiological ambiguity of the principles for RME (PRME), which invoke the importance of incorporating “the values of global social responsibility” (Principle 2) but fail to define and operationalize these values. Second, the authors provide a rationale and guidance for implementing values-based RME in business schools.

Originality/value

This study offers a unique SLR on RME. It gives a clear picture of this field by talking about what has been done and what the future might hold for RME.
Providing culturally appropriate residential dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage: Perspectives from Sydney‐based stakeholders
Authors: Du Toit Sanetta Henrietta Johanna , Bagul Deepali , Jessup Glenda Madeline , McGrath Margaret
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives

Global migration and an increased life expectancy led to a growing number of people with dementia from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) backgrounds living in long‐term residential care settings. These minority groups' wellbeing may be negatively impacted due to poor culturally appropriate care that fails to honour valued cultural traditions. This study considered culturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage living in Sydney‐based residential aged care facilities.

Research design and methods

The Nominal Group Technique was employed to collect data from three groups of stakeholders of Indian heritage over a period of 6 months: care staff (n = 8), family of residential care recipients (n = 8), and community‐dwelling older adults (n = 7).

Results

Perspectives highlighted six concepts for consideration: (1) embracing a person‐centred approach to promote culturally appropriate dementia care; (2) training staff in culturally appropriate forms of respect; (3) the impact of staff ratios on care; (4) the importance of familiarity to meaningful engagement; (5) the importance of food; and (6) the necessity of engaging family and the wider Indian community in residential care activities.

Conclusions

Culturally appropriate dementia care for older adults with an Indian heritage is an area in need of further development. To ensure that residents with an Indian heritage are respected as an ethnic minority, it remains crucial that research is generated to inform policy development on each CaLD group as a separate entity.
Rural Bangladeshi consumers’ (un)willingness to pay for low‐milled rice: Implications for zinc biofortification
Authors: Herrington Caitlin L. , Maredia Mywish K. , Ortega David L. , Taleon Victor , Birol Ekin , Sarkar Md Abdur Rouf , Rahaman Md Shajedur
Published: September 2022

Zinc deficiency is a severe public health problem in Bangladesh. We examine the effects of nutritional information on rural consumers’ willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for two ways to increase zinc intake through rice, the main staple crop–low‐milling that gives rice grains a distinctive light brown color (a visible trait) and sets it apart from the culturally preferred high‐milled white rice grain and biofortification of rice with increased zinc content (an invisible trait), which is also low‐milled to retain maximum zinc content. Results of our economic experiments suggest that with nutritional information, consumers are willing to pay a premium of 4.6% for zinc biofortified rice compared to non‐biofortified rice, when milled at the same level. However, results confirm the strong preference for high‐milled rice by Bangladeshi consumers who discounted low‐milled rice by 8%–10% even after receiving information on the nutritional benefits of biofortified or low‐milled rice. We find that consumers’ WTP for the two high‐zinc‐low‐milled rice types (biofortified and non‐biofortified) is positively correlated with being a female, more educated, belonging to households engaged in non‐farm activities and with children under 5 years of age. Results point to the importance of nutritional awareness campaigns for increasing zinc biofortified and low‐milled rice consumption and guiding the targeting strategy for such campaigns. Given the consumer preference for high‐milled rice, this study also points to the need for exploring the rice fortification strategy to address the challenge of malnutrition.
The incidence, characteristics and in‐hospital mortality of non‐ventilator‐associated hospital‐acquired pneumonia in regional Queensland: A retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Gardiner Wenonah , Brown Kassandra , Richardson Heather , Pretorius Nellie , Heales Luke
Published: September 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics and in‐hospital mortality of non‐ventilator‐associated hospital‐acquired pneumonia (NV‐HAP) in a regional (Modified Monash Model 2) Australian hospital.

Methods

All cases with NV‐HAP were obtained from the Business Analysis and Decision Support (BADS) Unit between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2018. Medical records were reviewed, and data pertaining to incidence, characteristics (age and gender), length of stay, co‐morbidities (measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index) and in‐hospital mortality were extracted. Incidence rate was calculated as a proportion of NV‐HAP cases per 1000 bed‐days.

Design

A retrospective study design was used to review all cases of NV‐HAP between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 at a single regional Australian hospital. Using the Modified Monash Model (MMM), our regional setting is classified as a regional centre (MMM‐2).

Setting

Rockhampton Hospital, Australia.

Participants

Patient cases.

Main outcome measures

Incidence rate, Incidence proportion, mortality.

Results

A total of 501 cases were identified with an incidence rate of 0.98 cases per 1000 bed‐days over the study period 2013–2018. Cases with NV‐HAP had a median age of 78.2 years (interquartile range 18.8), a median length of stay of 13.0 days (interquartile range 12.0) and a median Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 3.0 out of 39 (interquartile range 3.0), and a greater proportion was male (n = 297, 57%). The in‐hospital mortality rate for NV‐HAP cases was 18.9%.

Conclusion

This study revealed an overall incidence rate of 0.98 cases per 1000 bed‐days from 2013 to 2018 in a regional Australian hospital. In addition, this study provided the descriptive characteristics for patients with NV‐HAP at our regional hospital.
circS100A11 enhances M2a macrophage activation and lung inflammation in children with asthma
Authors: Liang Qiuyan , Fu Jinrong , Wang Xiang , Liu Lijuan , Xiao Wenfeng , Gao Yajing , Yang Lan , Yu Hongmiao , Xie Xueru , Tu Zikun , Huang Saihua , Han Xiao , Qian Liling , Zhou Yufeng
Published: September 2022

Background

Dysregulation of circRNAs is associated with a variety of human diseases; however, its role in childhood asthma is undefined.

Methods

The differential expression profiles of circRNAs were analyzed by microarray. The effects and mechanisms by which circRNAs influence macrophage activation were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, among others. The roles of circRNA and its host gene in asthma were tested in a cockroach allergen extract (CRE)‐induced murine asthma model.

Results

We identified 372 circRNAs that were differentially expressed in PBMCs of children with asthma as compared with healthy controls. A circRNA with unknown function, circS100A11, was dominantly expressed in monocytes and significantly upregulated in children with asthma. circS100A11 facilitated M2a macrophage activation by enhancing translation of its host gene, S100A11, and exacerbated lung inflammation in a CRE‐induced murine asthma model with macrophage‐specific overexpression of circS100A11. Mechanistically, circS100A11 promoted S100A11 translation by competitively binding to CAPRIN1 to decrease the suppression of CAPRIN1 upon S100A11 translation. Then, S100A11 liberated SP3 from nucleolin and promoted SP3 binding to the STAT6 promoter to enhance STAT6 expression and M2a macrophage activation. Macrophage‐specific knockdown of S100A11 could alleviate lung inflammation in a CRE‐induced murine asthma model in vivo.

Conclusions

circS100A11 and S100A11 promote M2a macrophage activation and lung inflammation in asthma model and may serve as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets in children with asthma.
Quantitative impact of pre‐analytical process on plasma uracil when testing for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Maillard Maud , Launay Manon , Royer Bernard , Guitton Jérôme , Gautier‐Veyret Elodie , Broutin Sophie , Tron Camille , Le Louedec Félicien , Ciccolini Joseph , Richard Damien , Alarcan Hugo , Haufroid Vincent , Tafzi Naïma , Schmitt Antonin , Etienne‐Grimaldi Marie‐Christine , Narjoz Céline , Thomas Fabienne ,   the Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique Oncologique (GPCO)
Published: September 2022

Aims

Determining dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity by measuring patient's uracil (U) plasma concentration is mandatory before fluoropyrimidine (FP) administration in France. In this study, we aimed to refine the pre‐analytical recommendations for determining U and dihydrouracil (UH2) concentrations, as they are essential in reliable DPD‐deficiency testing.

Methods

U and UH2 concentrations were collected from 14 hospital laboratories. Stability in whole blood and plasma after centrifugation, the type of anticoagulant and long‐term plasma storage were evaluated. The variation induced by time and temperature was calculated and compared to an acceptability range of ±20%. Inter‐occasion variability (IOV) of U and UH2 was assessed in 573 patients double sampled for DPD‐deficiency testing.

Results

Storage of blood samples before centrifugation at room temperature (RT) should not exceed 1 h, whereas cold (+4°C) storage maintains the stability of uracil after 5 hours. For patients correctly double sampled, IOV of U reached 22.4% for U (SD = 17.9%, range = 0–99%). Notably, 17% of them were assigned with a different phenotype (normal or DPD‐deficient) based on the analysis of their two samples. For those having at least one non‐compliant sample, this percentage increased up to 33.8%. The moment of blood collection did not affect the DPD phenotyping result.

Conclusion

Caution should be taken when interpreting U concentrations if the time before centrifugation exceeds 1 hour at RT, since it rises significantly afterwards. Not respecting the pre‐analytical conditions for DPD phenotyping increases the risk of DPD status misclassification.
The relationship between works councils and firms’ further training provision in times of technological change
Authors: Lammers Alexander , Lukowski Felix , Weis Kathrin
Published: September 2022

Participating in further training is strategically important for employees to ensure their employability. Particularly for employees in low‐skilled jobs, works councils — firm‐level organizations that represent employees — constitute an important employee advocacy instrument in European countries, such as France and Germany. With comprehensive co‐determination rights, works councils can influence firms’ hiring policies, job design and career paths (e.g. promotions). Using German firm‐level data, we empirically investigate the influence of works councils on firms’ training provision for employees in firms below and above the industry level of technology. The results show that works councils have a positive effect on the percentage of employees in general, and of employees in low‐skilled jobs in particular, participating in training, but only for firms below the industry level of technology. These results show the importance of works councils in supporting training in such firms and enhancing the employment prospects of employees in low‐skilled jobs. In contrast, firms above the industry level of technology invest in training with or without a works council, indicating that the training interests of employers and employees are aligned.
Blood pressure‐independent renoprotective effects of small interference RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen in experimental diabetes
Authors: Cruz‐López Edwyn O. , Ren Liwei , Uijl Estrellita , Clahsen‐van Groningen Marian C. , van Veghel Richard , Garrelds Ingrid M. , Domenig Oliver , Poglitsch Marko , Zlatev Ivan , Rooney Timothy , Kasper Anne , Nioi Paul , Foster Don , Danser A. H. Jan
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting liver angiotensinogen lowers blood pressure, but its effects in hypertensive diabetes are unknown.

Experimental Approach

To address this, TGR (mRen2)27 rats (angiotensin II‐dependent hypertension model) were made diabetic with streptozotocin over 18 weeks and treated with either vehicle, angiotensinogen siRNA, the AT1 antagonist valsartan, the ACE inhibitor captopril, valsartan + siRNA or valsartan + captopril for the final 3 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via radiotelemetry.

Key Results

MAP before treatment was 153 ± 2 mmHg. Diabetes resulted in albuminuria, accompanied by glomerulosclerosis and podocyte effacement, without a change in glomerular filtration rate. All treatments lowered MAP and cardiac hypertrophy, and the largest drop in MAP was observed with siRNA + valsartan. Treatment with siRNA lowered circulating angiotensinogen by >99%, and the lowest circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone levels occurred in the dual treatment groups. Angiotensinogen siRNA did not affect renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression, confirming its liver‐specificity. Furthermore, only siRNA with or without valsartan lowered renal angiotensin I. All treatments lowered renal angiotensin II and the reduction was largest (>95%) in the siRNA + valsartan group. All treatments identically lowered albuminuria, whereas only siRNA with or without valsartan restored podocyte foot processes and reduced glomerulosclerosis.

Conclusion and Implications

Angiotensinogen siRNA exerts renoprotection in diabetic TGR (mRen2)27 rats and this relies, at least in part, on the suppression of renal angiotensin II formation from liver‐derived angiotensinogen. Clinical trials should now address whether this is also beneficial in human diabetic kidney disease.
NUSAP1, a novel stemness‐related protein, promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Jinying , Tang Ming , Wu Junru , Qu Hengdong , Tu Mengxian , Pan Zhaojie , Gao Chongqing , Yang Yuping , Qu Chen , Huang Wei , Hong Jian
Published: September 2022

Early recurrence (within 2 years after resection) is the primary cause of poor outcomes among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and liver cancer stem cells are the main contributors to postsurgical HCC recurrence. Nucleolar and spindle‐associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. We investigated the function and clinical value of NUSAP1 in early recurrence of HCC. Data from public datasets and our cohort were used to assess the association between NUSAP1 expression and early HCC recurrence. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro. The predictive effect of NUSAP1 on early HCC recurrence was further evaluated by a validation cohort. We found that elevated NUSAP1 expression in HCC specimens was correlated with poor outcome, especially in cases with postoperative early recurrence. Functional studies indicated that NUSAP1 significantly promotes HCC progression. A postsurgical recurrence murine model further revealed that upregulated NUSAP1 dramatically increased the likelihood of HCC early recurrence. RNA sequencing data revealed that the gene sets of cancer stemness and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway were enriched by NUSAP1 overexpression. Mechanistically, NUSAP1 enhanced cancer stemness through stimulating STAT3 nuclear translocation and activation through receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In a validation cohort with 112 HCC patients, NUSAP1 effectively predicted HCC early recurrence. Our results indicated that NUSAP1 promotes early recurrence of HCC by sustaining cancer stemness and could serve as a valuable predictive indicator for postsurgical intervention in HCC patients.
Child protection social workers in Italy and the Covid‐19 challenges: Redefining services to support children and their families
Authors: Calcaterra Valentina , Landi Camilla
Published: September 2022

During the Covid‐19 pandemic, social workers played an essential role in helping people understand what was happening and cope with new unforeseen difficulties, even carrying out new tasks and activities. Social workers were asked to redefine their work methods to maintain aid relationships with families. This reorganization was complex and challenging for child protection services. The paper will discuss the results of a qualitative research project aimed to describe the Italian child protection social workers' functions during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Three online focus groups were conducted with child protection social workers. These focus groups helped researchers explore the new organization of social workers' work in child protection services, which was aimed at maintaining their role and performing the new tasks they need to carry out to support families and children. Three main areas of discussion emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) postponed and maintained activities; (2) remote work advantages and challenges; and (3) new professional learning.
Association between bullous pemphigoid and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang I‐Hsin , Wu Po‐Chien , Liu Che‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Despite the well‐established association between bullous pemphigoid (BP) and neurological diseases, the association between BP and psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between BP and various psychiatric disorders.

Patients and Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for the identification of eligible cohort and case‐control studies until May 30, 2021. Meta‐analyses of crude estimates and adjusted estimates of odds ratio (OR) for case‐control studies and hazard ratio (HR) cohort studies were then conducted.

Results

Sixteen studies involving 637,285 patients were included for the qualitative synthesis. In the meta‐analysis of adjusted estimates for case‐control studies, patients with BP exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (OR 1.77, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.92) and schizophrenia (OR 2.63, 95 % CI 2.03–3.39). Regarding the analysis of adjusted estimates of cohort studies, BP presented no significantly higher risk of depression (HR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.94–1.26) and schizophrenia (HR 1.35, 95 % CI 0.76–2.39).

Conclusions

Psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, have a significantly higher risk of preceding BP.
Robot‐assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection contributes to efficient and safe learning for novices: Prospective pilot cross‐over ex vivo study (with video)
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Fu Shichen , Li Lixiang , Yang Jialin , Ji Rui , Li Yanqing , Zuo Xiuli
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The lack of effective countertraction to expose the submucosal layer contributes to the technical complication and adverse events in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel endoscopic robot (flexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot [FASTER]) for ESD learning for novices.

Methods

This was a prospective, cross‐over designed pilot study in ex vivo porcine stomach. Four ESD novices were randomized to either FASTER‐assisted ESD first (FC) group or a conventional ESD first (CF) group, performed 40 gastric ESDs using each technique, then crossed over to another technique. The performance and learning curve were compared between the two groups.

Results

In the first phase, novices in the FC group demonstrated significantly better performance with shorter procedure time (25.6 ± 7.8 vs. 38.9 ± 13.4 min; P < 0.001) and submucosal dissection time (13.9 ± 5.5 vs. 23.1 ± 11.0 min; P < 0.001), higher direct‐vision dissection ratio (84.0 ± 7.9% vs. 43.5 ± 20.7%; P < 0.001), and lower muscular injury (2.5 vs. 40.0%; P < 0.001) and task load (4 vs. 5; P < 0.001). Fewer ESDs were required to gain early proficiency in the FC group. When crossed to the second phase, procedure time in the FC group was prolonged but the muscular injury rate did not increase significantly. In total, endoscopists in the FC group tended to have a lower task load (4 vs. 5; P = 0.008) and less muscular injury (10.0 vs. 21.3%; P = 0.05).

Conclusion

Flexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot‐assisted learning reduces the technical difficulty of ESD for novices and the safety profile can sustain in following conventional ESD. These results indicated that FASTER has potential implications for ESD training in clinical practice.
A general framework for species‐abundance distributions: Linking traits and dispersal to explain commonness and rarity
Authors: Koffel Thomas , Umemura Kaito , Litchman Elena , Klausmeier Christopher A.
Published: September 2022

Species‐abundance distributions (SADs) describe the spectrum of commonness and rarity in a community. Beyond the universal observation that most species are rare and only a few common, more‐precise description of SAD shape is controversial. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind SADs and how they vary along environmental gradients remain unresolved. We lack a general, non‐neutral theory of SADs. Here, we develop a trait‐based framework, focusing on a local community coupled to the region by dispersal. The balance of immigration and exclusion determines abundances, which vary over orders‐of‐magnitude. The local trait‐abundance distribution (TAD) reflects a transformation of the regional TAD. The left‐tail of the SAD depends on scaling exponents of the exclusion function and the regional species pool. More‐complex local dynamics can lead to multimodal TADs and SADs. Connecting SADs with trait‐based ecological theory provides a way to generate more‐testable hypotheses on the controls over commonness and rarity in communities.
Identification of patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy in electronic medical record data using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model
Authors: Castano Victor G. , Spotnitz Matthew , Waldman Genna J. , Joiner Evan F. , Choi Hyunmi , Ostropolets Anna , Natarajan Karthik , McKhann Guy M. , Ottman Ruth , Neugut Alfred I. , Hripcsak George , Youngerman Brett E.
Published: September 2022

Objective

More than one third of appropriately treated patients with epilepsy have continued seizures despite two or more medication trials, meeting criteria for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Accurate and reliable identification of patients with DRE in observational data would enable large‐scale, real‐world comparative effectiveness research and improve access to specialized epilepsy care. In the present study, we aim to develop and compare the performance of computable phenotypes for DRE using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model.

Methods

We randomly sampled 600 patients from our academic medical center's electronic health record (EHR)‐derived OMOP database meeting previously validated criteria for epilepsy (January 2015–August 2021). Two reviewers manually classified patients as having DRE, drug‐responsive epilepsy, undefined drug responsiveness, or no epilepsy as of the last EHR encounter in the study period based on consensus definitions. Demographic characteristics and codes for diagnoses, antiseizure medications (ASMs), and procedures were tested for association with DRE. Algorithms combining permutations of these factors were applied to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for DRE. The F1 score was used to compare overall performance.

Results

Among 412 patients with source record‐confirmed epilepsy, 62 (15.0%) had DRE, 163 (39.6%) had drug‐responsive epilepsy, 124 (30.0%) had undefined drug responsiveness, and 63 (15.3%) had insufficient records. The best performing phenotype for DRE in terms of the F1 score was the presence of ≥1 intractable epilepsy code and ≥2 unique non‐gabapentinoid ASM exposures each with ≥90‐day drug era (sensitivity = .661, specificity = .937, PPV = .594, NPV = .952, F1 score = .626). Several phenotypes achieved higher sensitivity at the expense of specificity and vice versa.

Significance

OMOP algorithms can identify DRE in EHR‐derived data with varying tradeoffs between sensitivity and specificity. These computable phenotypes can be applied across the largest international network of standardized clinical databases for further validation, reproducible observational research, and improving access to appropriate care.
Lethal and sublethal effects of thermal stress on octocorals early life‐history stages
Authors: Viladrich Núria , Linares Cristina , Padilla‐Gamiño Jacqueline L.
Published: September 2022

The frequency and severity of marine heatwaves causing mass mortality events in tropical and temperate coral species increases every year, with serious consequences on the stability and resilience of coral populations. Although recovery and persistence of coral populations after stress events is closely related to adult fitness, as well as larval survival and settlement, much remains unknown about the effects of thermal stress on early life‐history stages of temperate coral species. In the present study, the reproductive phenology and the effect of increased water temperature (+4°C and +6°C above ambient, 20°C) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (Eunicella singularis and Corallium rubrum). Our study shows that reproductive behavior is more variable than previously reported and breeding period occurs over a longer period in both species. Thermal stress did not affect the survival of symbiotic E. singularis larvae but drastically reduced the survival of the non‐symbiotic C. rubrum larvae. Results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of C. rubrum exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of E. singularis did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26°C (+6°C). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life‐history stages suggest that the persistence and inter‐connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.
Petrogenesis of two types of gabbro from Neoproterozoic Fuchuan ophiolite complex, Jiangnan Orogen: Implication for a Japan Sea‐like back‐arc basin
Authors: Hong Wentao , Yu Minggang , Song Zhentao , Chu Pingli , Liu Kai , Zhou Xiaohua
Published: September 2022

The Neoproterozoic Fuchuan ophiolite complex (FCO) represents the lithospheric remnant of the back‐arc basin in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton. However, the nature and development of this back‐arc system are still confusing. This study focuses on the tholeiitic gabbros in the FCO, which can be divided into enriched and depleted types according to their geochemical characteristics. Enriched gabbros (843 ± 5 Ma) in the FCO are characterized by left‐sloping rare earth element (REE) patterns and relatively low εHf(t) (mostly in the range of 4.6–7.8). In contrast, depleted gabbros are slightly younger (838 ± 5 Ma) and isotopically more depleted (εHf(t) mostly in 7.7–11.8) than enriched gabbros, exhibiting flat REE patterns. Based on geochemical variations and numerical modeling, the primary magmas of enriched gabbros were generated by a low degree (~14 %) partial melting of the melt‐modified depleted mantle. In contrast, the more depleted isotopic composition and variable Ba/Th and V/Yb ratios of depleted gabbros suggest that their magmas have originated from a higher degree (~14–26 %) partial melting of the fluid‐modified residual depleted mantle. Considering that the most ~860–830 Ma magmatism in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen is calc‐alkaline, the Neoproterozoic back‐arc basin where the FCO formed could be sialic and built on the thinning continental crust, resembling the Japan Sea. The occurrences of tholeiitic gabbros in the FCO thus provide crucial insights into the opening of the back‐arc basin in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton. The changes of mantle source nature and metasomatic agent reflect the upwelling of the depleted asthenosphere and oceanward retreading of the continental arc during the back‐arc opening. Consequently, the early continental arc in the southeastern Yangtze Craton may have been transformed into a new island arc, resembling the formation of the northeast Honshu arc during the Miocene.
Hydrothermal synthesis of monoclinic zirconia sol
Authors: Sun Yutong , Xu Yebin
Published: September 2022

In this study, we demonstrate a synthetic method of zirconia sol using ZrO(NO3)2·xH2O as Zr4+ precursor, tetramethylammonium hydroxide as mineralizer, and oxalic acid as a complexing agent. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–vis adsorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanocrystals. The effect of oxalic acid content on the growth of zirconia nanocrystals was investigated. Zirconia sol cannot be synthesized without oxalic acid. The oxalic acid content has no obvious effect on the phase formation of monoclinic zirconia. The transparent and monoclinic zirconia sol with particle size <10 nm was synthesized. This provides a new hydrothermal system for the synthesis of zirconia sol.
Effect of Li2O excess in Li6.4Ga0.2La3Zr2O12 electrolyte for all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Xiang Xing , Fang Zecheng , Wang Xibei , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhang Haojun , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2022

Li7La3Zr2O12 is a promising material used as solid electrolyte in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. However, the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZO is limited, and the cycling stability of lithium symmetric battery based on LLZO is not good. In this research, different Ga‐doped LLZO samples were prepared by adding different excess amounts of Li2O, and the effect of excess amount of Li2O on the structure and performance of LLZO have been researched. The results show that with the rise of the amount of Li2O, the lithium ionic concentration increases gradually, and the lithium ionic conductivity and the ratio of grain resistance to total resistance rise first and then drop. When the excess amount of Li2O is 10 wt.%, the sample exhibits the highest lithium ionic conductivity of 1.36 mS/cm, and the lithium symmetric battery exhibits the most stable operation.
Doing and undoing gender at work: The workplace experiences of trans people in Switzerland
Authors: PARINI Lorena
Published: September 2022

This article considers the effects of trans identity on people's workplace experiences. Drawing on in‐depth individual interviews with 12 trans people in Switzerland in 2014–15, the author identifies the difficulties and successes of their experiences through the perspective of three dimensions: the effects of the type of transition they undergo (towards the male or female gender), difficulties in reconciling the temporalities of transitions with those of employers, and the circumstances in which individuals “come out”. Reflecting on trans people's access to economic citizenship, the author recommends revising labour legislation and raising awareness among managers of the issues surrounding trans identity.
Non‐standard monetary policy measures in non‐normal times
Authors: Bartocci Anna , Notarpietro Alessandro , Pisani Massimiliano
Published: September 2022

We evaluate the macroeconomic effects of long‐term sovereign‐bond purchases by the central bank in an economy that is likely to be characterized by a low equilibrium real interest rate and a non‐negligible probability of hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the monetary‐policy rate. Our analysis is based on simulations of a dynamic general equilibrium model for the euro area. The main results are the following. First, long‐term sovereign‐bond purchases reacting to a positive inflation gap help stabilize macroeconomic conditions when the monetary‐policy rate hits the ZLB. Second, these purchases are an effective stabilization tool following positive shocks to the sovereign term premium and negative shocks to aggregate demand. Third, to stabilize the effects of expansionary demand shocks, the central bank can increase the monetary‐policy rate according to an ‘aggressive’ Taylor rule, instead of selling long‐term sovereign bonds.
Gamified environmental multi‐criteria decision analysis: information on objectives and range insensitivity bias
Authors: Aubert Alice H. , Lienert Judit , von Helversen Bettina
Published: September 2022

Multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is well suited to address complex public policy problems but could benefit from new tools to involve many laypeople. Online information on specialized topics could be more engaging by including game elements. This paper reports an experiment that assessed a gamified interface to (1) inform laypeople about the objectives to consider in wastewater management decisions, (2) assist them in constructing range‐based preferences, and (3) provide a positive experience. We measured the effects with (1) a knowledge pre‐ and posttest, (2) the elicited weights and a range sensitivity index, and (3) an experience questionnaire based on self‐determination theory. Answers from 174 participants indicated that participants learnt about the objectives and constructed preferences in both the gamified and control treatments. However, in neither were weights sufficiently adjusted. Our gamification making the ranges salient did not help overcome this bias. Both treatments were experienced as neutral to positive, the gamified being more entertaining. We discuss implications: if gamification of tools for participatory decision‐making is to be promoted, it requires further research. Range insensitivity remains an unresolved bias in MCDA.
Leaf endophytic microbiomes of different almond cultivars grafted to the same rootstock
Authors: Saldierna Guzmán J. Paola , Dove Nicholas C. , Hart Stephen C.
Published: September 2022

Aims

We compared the bacterial endophytic communities of three genetically different almond cultivars that were all grafted on the same type of rootstock, growing side by side within a commercial orchard.

Methods and Results

We examined the diversity of leaf bacterial endophytes using cultivation-independent techniques and assessed the relative abundance of bacterial families. Two of these three cultivars were dominated by Pseudomonadaceae, while the bacterial composition of the third cultivar consisted mainly of Streptococcaceae.

Conclusions

The experimental set up allowed us to analyse the impact of the shoot cultivar on endophytes, minimizing the influence of rootstock, biogeography, and cultivation status. Our data suggest that the shoot cultivar can shape the leaf endophytic community composition of almond trees.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Our results suggest that the shoot cultivar controls the composition of the foliar bacterial endophytic community of almonds. Overall, our results could provide a first step to develop strategies for a more sustainable almond agriculture.
The relationships between organizational culture and thriving at work among nurses: The mediating role of affective commitment and work engagement
Authors: Zhai Yue , Cai Shining , Chen Xiao , Zhao Wenjuan , Yu Jingxian , Zhang Yuxia
Published: September 2022

Aim

Guided by the social embeddedness model of thriving at work, this paper explores how nursing organizational culture, work engagement and affective commitment affect nurses' thriving at work.

Background

Thriving at work has implications for better employee and organization outcomes. The antecedents of thriving at work among the nursing population needs to be expanded by analysing the cross‐level impact of organizational and individual characteristics.

Methods

A cross‐sectional design was used to collect data from 1437 frontline nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in China between April and May 2020 through an online survey about perceived nursing culture, work engagement, affective commitment and thriving at work. Data were analysed using SPSS, and a structural equation model was established using the PROCESS macro.

Results

Our results showed that work engagement and affective commitment mediated the relationship between nurses' perceived nursing culture and their thriving at work. Among nurses, work engagement was positively correlated to affective commitment.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed the social embeddedness model of thriving at work by showing that both contextual and dispositional factors can influence nurses' thriving at work. Nurse leaders can foster nursing staff's thriving at work by building an inclusive work environment and by providing adequate resources to staff. Future research is needed to elaborate on employee and organizational outcomes associated with thriving at work.

Impact

Nurse leaders should be the advocate for nurses to improve their organizational identification, fostering their thriving at work. Individual nurses can also take an active role in developing work‐related resources to sustain their thriving through self‐adaption processes. Collective thriving in the nursing workforce is needed to overcome adversity and hardship in the ever‐changing and increasingly demanding health care industry and to further contribute to the vitality of the broader social and public environments.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution. This study did not involve patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public.
Direct comparison of two 50 W high power short duration approaches—Temperature‐ versus ablation index‐guided radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Guckel Denise , Bergau Leonard , Braun Martin , El Hamriti Mustapha , Mörsdorf Maximilian , Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Khalaph Moneeb , Imnadze Guram , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Approaches applying higher energy levels for shorter periods (high power short duration, HPSD) to improve lesion formation for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have been introduced. This single‐center study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and lesion formation using the novel DiamondTemp (DT) catheter or an ablation index (AI)‐guided HPSD ablation protocol using a force‐sensing catheter with surround‐flow irrigation.

Methods

One hundred thirteen consecutive patients undergoing radiofrequency‐guided catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF were included. Forty‐five patients treated with the DT catheter (50 W, 9 s), were compared to 68 consecutive patients undergoing AI‐guided ablation (AI anterior 550; AI posterior 400) adherent to a 50 W HPSD protocol. Procedural data and AF recurrence were evaluated.

Results

Acute procedural success was achieved in all patients (n = 113, 100%). DT‐guided AF ablation was associated with a longer mean procedure duration (99.10 ± 28.30 min vs. 78.24 ± 25.55, p < .001) and more RF applications (75.24 ± 30.76 min vs. 61.27 ± 14.06, p = .019). RF duration (792.13 ± 311.23 s vs. 1035.54 ± 287.24 s, p < .001) and fluoroscopy dose (183.81 ± 178.13 vs. 295.80 ± 247.54 yGym2, p = .013) were lower in the DT group. AI‐guided HPSD was associated with a higher AF‐free survival rate without reaching statistical significance (p = .088). Especially patients with PERS AF (p = .009) as well as patients with additional atrial arrhythmia substrate (p = .002) benefited from an AI‐guided ablation strategy.

Conclusion

Temperature‐ and AI‐ controlled HPSD RFCA using 50 W was safe and effective. AI‐guided HPSD ablation seems to be associated with shorter procedure durations and fewer RF applications. Particularly in advanced AF, freedom from AF‐recurrence may be improved using an AI‐guided HPSD approach.