bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Disorganization of Konon Poetry in A Collection of Poems Perihal Gendis by Sapardi Djoko Damono (Study of Social and Ecocritism)
Authors: Amalia Anindita Fikri , Noor Redyanto
Published: November 2021

This research aims to describe, mention, and analyze the family disorganization in Konon poetry by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research uses the library research method with the object of the study of Konon poetry and uses a sociological, literary approach. This research represents family disorganization in the Konon poetry by Sapardi Djoko Damono was caused by several reasons. Based on these causes, family disorganization has resulted in an imbalance of roles in the family, which will impact affection for children. Furthermore, there was found discovered the reasons for her family disorganization there are divorce, infidelity, and lack of good communication between family members.
Manga As Educational Material for Children About Environment Through Hayao Miyazaki’s Manga Nausicaa: Of the Valley of The Wind
Authors: Kawentar Rukma , Noor Redyanto
Published: November 2021

Manga is the name for comics originating from Japan. As a form of literary work, many still consider this type of literary work as cheap literature. Therefore, through this research, the writer will see how manga, considered cheap literature, can be a very effective learning media, especially those related to environmental themes. The object of study of this research is the manga Nausicaa : Of The Valley Of The Wind by Hayao Miyazaki. Meanwhile, this object itself will be studied using the concept of reading comics and the approach of ecocriticism. Through these concepts and approaches, it can be seen that manga media will make readers more interested in these literary works and can quickly grasp the moral messages contained in work. It can be concluded that this media is a very effective educational medium to convey moral messages to readers.
Barrier Factors Related to COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy in Developing Countries: A Traditional Literature Review
Authors: Budiyanti Rani Tiyas , Ganggi Roro Isyawati Permata , Murni Murni
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been implemented in many countries involved in developing countries. However, many factors affected the implementation. One of them was the COVID-19 vaccine literacy. This research aims to know the barrier factors related to COVID-19 vaccination literacy in developing countries. This research method is a traditional literature review from journal articles in ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost database, published in 2013 until 2021. The steps taken in the formal review were searched for specific keywords relevant to barrier factors related to COVID-19 vaccine literacy in developing countries, conducting a review, analyzing and critical appraisal, and writing a review. Based on the research, the barrier factors related to COVID-19 vaccine literacy in developing countries were low educational degree, lack of information access, lack of digital literacy, lack of valid information, and cultural perspective. Vaccine literacy can affect the success of the COVID-19 vaccination program, especially to achieve herd immunity coverage. The government must be concerned about improving COVID-19 vaccination literacy among the communities with multi-sector collaboration.
Rising Sun in the Eastern Horizon of Java: The Occupation of Japanese 16th Army in Banyuwangi, East Java 1942-1945
Authors: Budiarto Gema , Yuliati Dewi , Puguh Dhanang Respati
Published: November 2021

The Japanese Armed Forces did not take a long time to occupy the southern regions. Invading the southern regions was the Japanese’s ambition to build “The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”. Through Kalijati treaty, the Government of Dutch East Indies declared its unconditional surrender to the Japanese Armed Forces. Banyuwangi is an area located in the most eastern part of Java and considered as a strategic place as a defense fortress for all Java regions from the allied attacks from the south (Australia). The Japanese 16th Army implemented various policies as a part of the Greater East Asia War plan. The purpose of this study was to describe the policies made by the Japanese military government when occupying Banyuwangi, East Java. This study used a historical research method consisting of five steps: topic selection, heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this study shows that Banyuwangi is a strategic area where the Japanese 16th Army directly or indirectly implemented various policies for mass mobilization in supporting the Greater East Asia War. Through its propaganda, the Japanese military said that the Banyuwangi people’s sacrifice was for a mutual victory in the war to build a new, safe, and prosperous Asia.
Demak Kingdom: Study of Environmental Condition and Geographical
Authors: Eko Punto Hendro , Suzanna Ratih Sari , Siddhi Saputro , Indriyanto
Published: November 2021

Many experts have written about the history of the Demak kingdom, therefore the role of this kingdom in politics, economics and especially in the spread of Islam in Indonesia in the past. With the geophysiographical, historical and archaeological approach used in this study, it can be revealed about the environmental conditions and the location of the palace and the royal city of Demak. The research methods used in this research are observation, geophysiographical (drilling, geoelectrical measurement), historical (reading of documents) and archaeological (test pit excavations) methods, to obtain credible conclusions. The result is that the kingdom, which has a fairly large influence in the archipelago, is located on the island of Demak between Java and the Muria peninsula, which is still in a separate condition, which is surrounded by swamps, rivers and the sea. the tombs of kings, the names of places/villages (toponyms), have proven that the existence of the central city of the kingdom is concentrically arranged and the settlement patterns are grouped according to position, profession, ethnicity and religion.
Ecological Mapping for the Development of Salt Production Centres in Indonesia during the Dutch Colonial Era
Authors: Mahasin M. Zaki , Rochwulaningsih Yety , Sulistiyono Singgih Tri
Published: November 2021

This paper examines why the Dutch colonial government did ecological mapping for the development of salt centres in Indonesia and how it was carried out? It is analysed by historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Ecological mapping was carried out by the Dutch colonial government for the development of salt production centre sourced from sea water. It is the important factor to develop salt production centres concerning the situations of the coastal area in which sloping parallel to sea level, humid, dry air temperatures, low rainfall, non-porous soil types, and high wind speeds. The wind speed required for salt production is at least 5 m/sec, with air temperatures above 32o C during the day, as well as a maximum humidity of 50%. During the Dutch colonial government, it was recorded that in 1904-1917 the average wind speed was above 5 m/sec. Continued with the development of the salt production ecosystem, which includes the establishment of production areas equipped with bozem development, land layout, etc. By the ecological mapping, the salt development centre areas cover coastal area of Madura, several areas of Java’s north coast, and coastal areas of Sulawesi, including Jeneponto.
"Biopellet" as One of Future Promising Biomassbased Renewable Energy: a Review
Authors: Wahyono Yoyon , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Zuli Pratiwi Wahyu , Dianratri Inggar
Published: November 2021

The depletion of fossil energy reserves and not environmentally friendly fossil energy emissions makes it necessary to use renewable energy as an alternative to replacing fossil energy. Biopellet is one of the renewable energy based on biomass that exists in Indonesia. Biopellets are produced from a base of abundant biomass. Thus, biopellets have the potential and promise to continue to be used as fuel by humans. The literature review includes the characteristics of biopellets and the application of biopellets as fuel. Biopellets can be made by mixing biomass with an adhesive with a concentration of 15% (w/w) then stirred until homogeneous and put into a pellet mill for printing. The pellets were dried in an oven for 30 minutes. Biopellet characteristically has complied with SNI 8021-2014 for parameters of ash content, fixed carbon content, caloric value, water content, and volatile matter content. The application of biopellet as a stove material also shows good performance for heat, efficiency, and emission parameters. In conclusion, biopellet is a renewable energy fuel based on biomass that has potential in the present and promising in the future.
Analysis of Potential Biogas Production from a Mixture of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Cow Dung
Authors: Agung Pambudi Tiyo , Hadiyanto  , Widodo Agung Suedy Sri
Published: November 2021

POME or palm oil mill effluent is currently still a waste problem that has not been utilized optimally. POME waste has the potential for renewable energy in the form of biogas, but some research results have shown that production is not optimal, so the addition of cow dung needs to be done to increase biogas production because methanogen bacteria found in cow dung help to maximize the anaerobic fermentation process and methane production. This research was conducted to determine the potential for biogas production from a mixture of POME and cow dung for 25 days by conducting a study of the biogas production process. The results of this study indicate that the biogas pressure increases with the addition of the loading rate, which is 101.102 N/m2/day to 101.107 N/m2/day with a daily biogas production of 0, 24247 liters/day with a total accumulation of biogas production for 25 days of 6.1 liters.
Sustainability Status Assessment of The Borobudur Temple using The Rap-Tourism with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) Approach
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Ameliafidhoh Zettira , Susanty Aries , Nugroho W Pramono Susatyo , Agusti Febrina
Published: November 2021

Visitors’ number of Indonesian-tourism increases every year and impacts the sustainability of the tourism object. Borobudur Temple is one of the most popular tourist objects in Indonesia located in Magelang, Central Java. This research aims to assess the Borobudur temple tourist destination’s sustainability status and identify indicators that need improvement to increase its sustainability index. The data processing used the Rap-tourism with a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach. The results show the sustainability index value is 69,84, categorize as moderate. The sustainability index was formed from four dimensions, the environmental dimension index 66,94; economic dimension index 72,62; sociocultural dimensions index 72,76; and institutional dimensions index 69,27. A recommendation was generated by an interview with tourism object management and then selected based on sensitive indicators of each dimension (highest RMS value). Selected recommendations are a rearrangement of plants, developing complaint handling services, constructing outbound rides and flying foxes, and promoting the complementary tourism and attractions at Borobudur Temple.
The Issue of “Environmental Policy” during a COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Overview
Authors: Purnaweni Hartuti , Roziqin Ali , Hadi Sudharto P.
Published: November 2021

Pandemics have affected all aspects of human life, including environmental issues. This article analyses environmental policy issues during a COVID-19 pandemic using a bibliometric approach method from 173 published articles. Bibliometric data was retrieved from the 2020 Scopus database with "environmental policy" keyword by making use of VOSviewer, using co-occurrence visualization maps to evaluate the conceptual clusters. Further, co-authorship analysis was used to evaluate collaboration between authors and countries' related environmental policy publications. The review result shows, there are seven main clusters of concepts related to environmental policy. The United States is the most productive country on environmental policy literature. Finally, the environmental policy issue revolves around eleven areas. These results inform future research to a more comprehensive understanding of environmental policy.
Public Perception of Information about Covid 19 on social media Instagram: An Netnography Study of Visual Information
Authors: Lathifah Af’idatul , Tiani Riris , Mazida Fadhila
Published: November 2021

Information about Covid-19 circulating in the community has a crucial role in addressing this pandemic. The information about Covid 19 that was shared turned out to being great interest to the public so that it has many followers and verified as a trusted account by Instagram. People voluntarily follow these accounts in order to access Covid 19 information. Thus, people who follow these accounts have the awareness and willingness to be informed. This is certainly interesting in the midst of high public distrust of Covid 19, it turns out that on the other hand the community also voluntarily accesses information about Covid 19. To conduct this researchs we used netnography approach with blended method, involved 200 respondents from online questionnaires and 20 informants of virtual interview, observing informants' online activities and also account activities that spread information about Covid 19. Informations on Instagram account are considered more interesting, easier to check and more updates. 82% of respondents are interested in following information on the number of positive suspects every day. This interest can also be seen from the number of comments on related posts which are always the most. 84% of respondents admitted to spreading the information back to their families, but this information did not appear on the informants' social media accounts. Even though they always follow Covid 19 information, only 10% of respondents said they were afraid of this information.
Reusable data is the new oil
Authors: Irawan Dasapta Erwin , Ulfa Yuniarti , Pamumpuni Astyka , Dinata Indra Andra , Putranto Thomas Tri , Siswoyo Hari
Published: November 2021

New oil data is 21st century jargon. This movement has not been widely echoed in Indonesia. Although some initiatives should be recognized and appreciated, the status of the availability of reusable data in most countries, especially in Indonesia is still low. Most of the data published in Indonesian open access journals are in the form of pdf files that cannot be reused. We advise editors of Indonesian scientific journals to consider adopting FAIR data sharing by encouraging authors to share their data as additional files in a machine readables format, e.g. csv or xls. This effort will also contribute to the principles of transparency and sustainable development in Indonesia's research ecosystem.
Measurement at Student Service Satisfaction Using Fuzzy Service Quality Method at Indramayu State Polytechnic
Authors: Ghozal Ahmad Lubis , Warsito Budi , Bunga Munengsih Sari , Darsih Darsih , Fikri Moh Ali
Published: November 2021

Providing satisfaction to students and preventing students from all campus facilities services is very important to improve the quality of higher education. Therefore, this study aims to build a system to measure student satisfaction with campus services using the fuzzy servqual method. The number of samples is 100 students. The measuring instrument used in the study was declared valid with a significance level of 5% or a 95% confidence level. The reliability test with the result of 0.746 means that the measuring instrument used has high mobility. Data processing is done by calculating the value of fuzzification, defuzzification, and calculating the value of GAP between students' perceptions and expectations. From the results of the fuzzy servqual gap ranking with 5 variables, it shows that empathy gets to level 1 with the smallest value of -0.74. Level 2 is an assurance with a value of -0.85; then level 3 is reliability with a gap value of -0.89, the 4th position is the reaction force with a gap value of -0.97, and the 5th position is real with a value of -1.27. The results obtained can help the Indramayu State Polytechnic in improving the performance and quality of service.
Sentiment Analysis for Video on Demand Application User Satisfaction with Long Short Term Memory Model
Authors: Khayatun Nufus Gina , Mustafid Mustafid , Gernowo Rahmat
Published: November 2021

Customer reviews are important information that can be used by providers of goods or services to maintain customer loyalty, understand customer feelings and analyze the business competition. Users use customer feedback on social media or e-commerce as material for consideration before using or buying products. This study aims to conduct a sentiment analysis for user satisfaction of the Video on Demand application in Indonesia with the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. LSTM, which is a deep learning method that is widely implemented in natural language processing research. Sentiment analysis is applied to find out how customers feel about products on the market. The study results indicate that the LSTM model's implementation for sentiment analysis using two positive and negative labels obtained the value of precision 73.81%, recall 73.81%, f1 score 73.81%. In addition, the accuracy value obtained is 73.90% can be used as a consideration for the company in knowing user sentiment to meet the expectations and desires of customers and keep customers using the service.
ADAPT system is a dramatic advance in computer-assisted surgery for femoral trochanteric fractures
Authors: Murakami Tomotoshi , Yamazaki Kazuhiro , Ogasa Hiroyoshi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In recent years, computer-assisted surgery has made it possible to undergo surgery with a high degree of precision. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of computer-assisted surgery for femoral trochanteric fractures using the ADAPT (ADAptive Positioning Technology) system. Methods: A total of forty patients with femoral trochanteric fracture underwent intramedullary nailing for fracture fixation: in twenty patients, the ADAPT system (ADAPT group), and in the other twenty, it was not used (control group). The operative time, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, tip apex distance (TAD), and tip to head surface distance (TSD) were measured and compared between the two groups to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the surgery. Results: The operative time was significantly shorter (P < 0.05), intraoperative fluoroscopy time was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and implant placement was significantly better in the ADAPT group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Navigation systems have been developed to improve the efficiency of surgery. The ADAPT system was considered a very useful device for intramedullary nailing of femoral trochanteric fractures, as it reduced the intraoperative fluoroscopy time and improved the accuracy of implant placement, also reducing the operative time.
Neozytolyse: Ein Konzept aus der Raumfahrt konnte in den Schweizer Alpen nicht bestätigt werden
Authors: Kaestner Lars , Klein Marie , Bogdanova Anna Y. , Minetti Giampaolo , Rudloff Silvia , Lundby Carsten , Makhro Asya , Seiler Elena , van Cromvoirt Ankie , Fenk Simone , Simionato Greta , Hertz Laura , Recktenwald Steffen , Schäfer Larissa , Haider Thomas , Fried Sebastian , Borsch Christian , Marti Hugo H. , Sander Anja , Mairbäurl Heimo
Published: November 2021

Neozytolyse bezeichnet die bevorzugte Zerstörung von jungen roten Blutzellen (Neozyten), wenn zu viele Erythrozyten vorhanden sind. Das kommt in der Raumfahrt oder beim Abstieg nach langem Höhenaufenthalt vor. Mit dem Ziel, die Existenz von Neozytolyse erstmals zu beweisen, haben wir in der Forschungsstation Jungfraujoch (3450 Hm) eine prospektive Studie durchgeführt. Neu gebildete Erythrozyten von 12 männlichen Probanden wurden durch Einnahme von nichtradioaktivem Glyzin mit seltenen Isotopen markiert: in Heidelberg (110 Hm) und während eines 19-tägigen Aufenthalts (3450 Hm). Die Eliminationsdynamik für Erythrozyten, die in Normoxie und in großer Höhe produziert wurden, unterschied sich nicht. Zusammen mit Änderungen der Retikulozytenzahlen konnte damit das Konzept der Neozytolyse nicht bestätigt werden.
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung in ICD 10,
ICD 11 und DSM 5: Welche Bedeutung haben
unterschiedlichen Kriterien für Diagnostik und
gutachtliche Praxis
Authors: Dreßing Harald Raimund , Foerster Klaus
Published: November 2021

Die diagnostischen Kriterien der PTBS unterschieden sich in den Manualen der ICD-10, ICD-11
und DSM 5. Die wesentlichen diagnostischen Kriterien werden dargestellt. Wesentlich
für die Diagnose ist der in einem strukturierten Interview erhobene
psychopathologische Befund. An Hand von drei Kasuistiken wird die gutachtliche Bewertung im
Strafrecht, in der Unfallversicherung und im Opferentschädigungsgesetzt
veranschaulicht. Summary The diagnostic criteria of PTSD differ in the ICD-10, ICD-11 and
DSM 5 manuals. The main diagnostic criteria are presented. The psychopathological findings
obtained in a structured interview are essential for the diagnosis. Three case studies are
used to illustrate the expert assessment in criminal law, accident insurance and victim
compensation law.
Impact of glycerol droplets form bifurcating flower structure when impacting with water
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: November 2021

Experiments show gravitational acceleration and Rayleigh-Tayler instability are at the evolution of a vortex ring to structures that resemble stems, petals and stamens.
Designing Lithium-Ion Batteries to Charge Faster, Last Longer
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2021

Understanding the electrochemical polarization in lithium-ion batteries will make them more efficient.
Electrical characterization of freestanding complex oxide ferroelectrics: Artifacts and experimental precautions
Authors: Bakaul Saidur Rahman
Published: November 2021

Recently, freestanding complex oxide ferroelectric materials have gained attention due to their tremendous potential in electronic and mechanical engineering applications. Whether these materials in a freestanding form exhibit intrinsically different behavior than in a strongly bonded as-grown state is a topic of ongoing exploration. Several factors such as circuit configuration, substrates, and electronic measurement conditions can affect probing the intrinsic properties of these materials and complicate the conclusive outcome of such exploration. The importance of maintaining the same experimental conditions for a comparative study of these materials in as-grown and freestanding states is discussed here.
Energy extraction of oscillating foil with an active deflecting trailing-edge flap
Authors: Liu Gang , Tian Chenye , Wu Liming , Liu Xiaomin
Published: November 2021

The method of oscillating-foil energy extraction can be used to extract kinetic energy from the surrounding flow by a combined pitching and heaving motion of the foil. In order to improve the efficiency of energy extraction, a slotted foil with an active deflecting trailing-edge flap—inspired by the structure of the tail edge of bird wings—is designed. In this study, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation is solved to investigate the energy extraction performance of an oscillating foil at a Reynolds number of 5.0 × 105. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic overset mesh technology is used in order to ensure the accuracy and convergence of numerical solution. The effect of the deflecting motion of trailing-edge flaps on the efficiency of energy extraction is studied at a range of oscillating frequencies. In addition, the flow control mechanisms of slots on the oscillating foil are revealed by comparing the flow fields of the slotted foil and the NACA0015 foil. The result shows that active deflecting trailing-edge flaps can improve the efficiency of energy extraction over a wide range of oscillation frequencies. The active deflection of trailing-edge flaps increases the energy extraction efficiency of oscillating foils by 21.1% relative to conventional foils under a specific operating condition of oscillating frequency f* = 0.18. A detailed analysis of the flow fields indicates that the slot on the foil can suppress flow separation, while it has a negative effect on the attachment of leading-edge vortices. The deflecting trailing-edge flap enhances the heaving force. Therefore, the energy output and the efficiency of the oscillating foil are enhanced especially at the operating conditions of the oscillating foil without leading-edge vortex shedding.
Numerical investigation of distributed roughness effects on separated flow transition over a highly loaded compressor blade
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Lu Xin'gen , Yang Chengwu , Zhao Shengfeng , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: November 2021

Large eddy simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of distributed roughness on separated flow transitions over a highly loaded compressor blade at a Reynolds number (Re) of 1.5 × 105. The distributed roughness elements were located downstream of the velocity peak on the suction surface, and four numerical cases with increasing peak amplitude of the roughness elements (k+ = 0, 23, 50, and 112) were considered. The results showed that low- and high-speed streamwise streaks appeared alternately along the spanwise direction over the distributed roughness elements. The streaks remained steady earlier; however, as the streamwise counter-rotating vortices were induced by a significant spanwise velocity component, the low-momentum fluid in the near-wall region was transported away from the blade surface and interacted with the outer separated shear layers, which caused unsteady merging of streaks and promoted the destabilization of separated shear layers. Compared with the baseline case (k+ = 0), the strong shear effect between the low- and high-speed streamwise streaks near the roughened blade surface accelerated the distortion of spanwise vortices, and three-dimensional hairpin vortex structures broke down into small-scale turbulent eddies at a shorter streamwise distance. With increase in the roughness magnitude, the level of the production term of turbulent kinetic energy was reduced due to weakened vortex dynamics, and the viscous dissipation in turbulent boundary layers also became weaker. Therefore, the profile losses of the three roughness cases, k+ = 23, 50, and 112, were decreased by 7.2%, 10.1%, and 15.5%, respectively.
Rheological, electrical, and dynamic thermomechanical properties: Comparison between multiwall and double-wall carbon nanotubes in polylactide and polyamide 11
Authors: Mousavi Zeinab , Heuzey Marie-Claude , Kamal Musa R. , Flahaut Emmanuel , Carreau Pierre J.
Published: November 2021

In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been dispersed in polylactide (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11) using an internal mixer. Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of carbon nanotube (CNT) networks in PLA and PA11 attributed to well-dispersed CNTs in the respective matrices. A lower rheological percolation threshold of PLA/MWCNT nanocomposites (less than 0.5 wt. %) compared to PA11/MWCNT nanocomposites (about 2 wt. %) confirmed the greater affinity of CNTs for PLA. The threshold for DWCNTs was below 0.5 wt. % in PLA and between 0.5 and 1 wt. % in PA11. PLA-based nanocomposites also showed higher electrical conductivity values compared to PA11-based nanocomposites. Nanocomposites containing DWCNTs exhibited higher electrical conductivities compared to those containing MWCNTs due to the higher aspect ratio of DWCNTs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed enhanced storage modulus values and reduced damping behavior with increasing content of CNTs for both polymers.
Near-field photonic thermal diode based on hBN and InSb films
Authors: Feng Dudong , Yee Shannon K. , Zhang Zhuomin M.
Published: November 2021

A thermal diode is a two-terminal device that allows heat to transfer more easily in one direction (forward bias) than in the opposite direction (reverse bias). A photonic thermal diode operates in a contactless mode and may afford a large operating temperature range. Here, a near-field photonic thermal diode based on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and indium antimonide (InSb) films is theoretically demonstrated. The temperature dependence of the interband absorption of InSb is used to couple (or decouple) with the hyperbolic phonon polaritons in hBN. The numerical analysis predicts a rectification ratio greater than 17 for a 10 nm vacuum gap, when operating at an average temperature of 300 K and a temperature difference of 200 K. The calculated rectification ratio exceeds 35 at higher average temperatures with larger temperature differences.
The effect of substrate amplitude and wavelength on gravity-driven film flow inside an inclined corrugated pipe
Authors: Kuehner Joel P. , Lee Margaret R. , Dodson Matthew M. , Schirmer William R. , Vela de la Garza Evia Ángel F. , Kutelak Leonardo O.
Published: November 2021

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effect of substrate amplitude and wavelength on gravity-driven film flow inside an inclined corrugated pipe. Nine different geometries were examined, with substrate amplitude and wavelength varied independently. A statically deformed free surface occurred for all conditions. The amplitude of the statically deformed free surface depended on substrate amplitude and wavelength, with phase shift unaffected by changes in substrate geometry for many conditions under investigation. Fluctuations in free surface elevation were enhanced at low substrate amplitude and intermediate substrate wavelength. Notable reductions in transient free surface behavior were observed for conditions that resulted in a positive phase shift. Transient free surface behavior developed into periodic traveling waves without applied external forcing. Frequency selection for traveling waves was strong, and traveling waves were detected for a majority of the conditions examined. The frequency, phase velocity, and wavelength of the traveling waves showed a potential dependence on substrate geometry; however, there were ranges of substrate amplitude and wavelength for which traveling wave characteristics remained unaffected by changes in substrate geometry. An examination of the amplitude of the statically deformed free surface and transient free surface fluctuations revealed that waviness is a potentially suitable method for combining the effects of substrate amplitude and wavelength on film flow in corrugated pipes. The comparison of amplitudes highlighted a possible link between the statically deformed free surface and the emergence of transient behavior and traveling waves. Length scales proposed in our original work showed promise for characterizing some results.
Next-generation technologies for iron and zinc biofortification and bioavailability in cereal grains
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Saleem B. , Naeem M. K. , Arain S. M. , Khan M. R.
Published: November 2021

Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are recognised as micronutrients of clinical significance to public health globally. Major staple crops (wheat, rice and maize) contain insufficient levels of these micronutrients. Baseline concentrations in wheat and maize grains are 30 µg/g for Fe and 25 µg/g for Zn, and in rice grains, 2 µg/g for Fe and 16 µg/g for Zn. However, wheat grains should contain 59 μg Fe/g and 38 μg Zn/g if they are to meet 30–40% of the average requirement of an adult diet. Scientists are addressing malnutrition problems by trying to enhance Fe and Zn accumulation in grains through conventional and next-generation techniques. This article explores the applicability and efficiency of novel genome editing tools compared with conventional breeding for Fe and Zn biofortification and for improving the bioavailability of cereal grains. Some wheat varieties with large increases in Zn concentration have been developed through conventional breeding (e.g. BHU1, BHU-6 and Zincol-2016, with 35–42 µg Zn/g); however, there has been little such success with Fe concentration. Similarly, no rice variety has been developed through conventional breeding with the required grain Fe concentration of 14.5 µg/g. Transgenic approaches have played a significant role for Fe and Zn improvement in cereal crops but have the limitations of low acceptance and strict regulatory processes. Precise editing by CRISPR-Cas9 will help to enhance the Fe and Zn content in cereals without any linkage drag and biosafety issues. We conclude that there is an urgent need to biofortify cereal crops with Fe and Zn by using efficient next-generation approaches such as CRISPR/Cas9 so that the malnutrition problem, especially in developing countries, can be addressed.
Diel vertical movements of a coastal predator, the roosterfish (
Authors: Vaudo Jeremy J. , Logan Ryan K. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Harvey Jessica C. , Harvey Guy C. McN. , Shivji Mahmood S.
Published: November 2021

The roosterfish (Nematistius pectoralis) is a piscivorous predator targeted extensively in recreational fisheries throughout the eastern tropical Pacific; however, its biology is poorly understood. To address these shortcomings, we investigated vertical habitat use and behaviour of roosterfish in coastal Panama using pop-up satellite archival tags. Nearly 5000 h of vertical movement data across 274 days from five fish showed that roosterfish largely used the upper 10 m and 20 m of the water column during the night-time and daytime respectively, and rarely left the mixed layer. Roosterfish diving behaviour showed a clear diurnal pattern, with oscillatory dives beginning during dawn and continuing through dusk. Accelerometer data showed that this period was also associated with a sharp increase in activity during dawn and a decrease around sunset. Whereas previous work in shallow systems (<20 m) with limited structure showed that roosterfish were vertically active sporadically throughout the day and mostly during crepuscular periods, our study showed that in a habitat with continuous structure, roosterfish were continuously vertically active from dawn till dusk, possibly because foraging behaviours were limited by light levels rather than prey-congregating structure. Such changes in dive patterns illustrate how habitat influences behaviour and the importance of studying organisms throughout their range.
Bacterial marginolactones trigger formation of algal gloeocapsoids, protective aggregates on the verge of multicellularity
Authors: Krespach Mario K. C. , Stroe Maria C. , Flak Michal , Komor Anna J. , Nietzsche Sandor , Sasso Severin , Hertweck Christian , Brakhage Axel A.
Published: November 2021

Photosynthetic microorganisms including the green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
are essential to terrestrial habitats as they start the carbon cycle by conversion of CO
2
to energy-rich organic carbohydrates. Terrestrial habitats are densely populated, and hence, microbial interactions mediated by natural products are inevitable. We previously discovered such an interaction between
Streptomyces iranensis
releasing the marginolactone azalomycin F in the presence of
C. reinhardtii
. Whether the alga senses and reacts to azalomycin F remained unknown. Here, we report that sublethal concentrations of azalomycin F trigger the formation of a protective multicellular structure by
C. reinhardtii
, which we named gloeocapsoid. Gloeocapsoids contain several cells which share multiple cell membranes and cell walls and are surrounded by a spacious matrix consisting of acidic polysaccharides. After azalomycin F removal, gloeocapsoid aggregates readily disassemble, and single cells are released. The presence of marginolactone biosynthesis gene clusters in numerous streptomycetes, their ubiquity in soil, and our observation that other marginolactones such as desertomycin A and monazomycin also trigger the formation of gloeocapsoids suggests a cross-kingdom competition with ecological relevance. Furthermore, gloeocapsoids allow for the survival of
C. reinhardtii
at alkaline pH and otherwise lethal concentrations of azalomycin F. Their structure and polysaccharide matrix may be ancestral to the complex mucilage formed by multicellular members of the
Chlamydomonadales
such as
Eudorina
and
Volvox
. Our finding suggests that multicellularity may have evolved to endure the presence of harmful competing bacteria. Additionally, it underlines the importance of natural products as microbial cues, which initiate interesting ecological scenarios of attack and counter defense.
WDR60-mediated dynein-2 loading into cilia powers retrograde IFT and transition zone crossing
Authors: De-Castro Ana R.G. , Rodrigues Diogo R.M. , De-Castro Maria J.G. , Vieira Neide , Vieira Cármen , Carvalho Ana X. , Gassmann Reto , Abreu Carla M.C. , Dantas Tiago J.
Published: November 2021

The dynein-2 motor complex drives retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), playing a pivotal role in the assembly and functions of cilia. However, the mechanisms that regulate dynein-2 motility remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the Caenorhabditis elegans WDR60 homologue, WDR-60, and dissect the roles of this intermediate chain using genome editing and live imaging of endogenous dynein-2/IFT components. We find that loss of WDR-60 impairs dynein-2 recruitment to cilia and its incorporation onto anterograde IFT trains, reducing retrograde motor availability at the ciliary tip. Consistent with this, we show that fewer dynein-2 motors power WDR-60–deficient retrograde IFT trains, which move at reduced velocities and fail to exit cilia, accumulating on the distal side of the transition zone. Remarkably, disrupting the transition zone’s NPHP module almost fully restores ciliary exit of underpowered retrograde trains in wdr-60 mutants. This work establishes WDR-60 as a major contributor to IFT, and the NPHP module as a roadblock to dynein-2 passage through the transition zone.
Clathrin adaptors mediate two sequential pathways of intra-Golgi recycling
Authors: Casler Jason C. , Johnson Natalie , Krahn Adam H. , Pantazopoulou Areti , Day Kasey J. , Glick Benjamin S.
Published: November 2021

The pathways of membrane traffic within the Golgi apparatus are not fully known. This question was addressed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the maturation of individual Golgi cisternae can be visualized. We recently proposed that the AP-1 clathrin adaptor mediates intra-Golgi recycling late in the process of cisternal maturation. Here, we demonstrate that AP-1 cooperates with the Ent5 clathrin adaptor to recycle a set of Golgi transmembrane proteins, including some that were previously thought to pass through endosomes. This recycling can be detected by removing AP-1 and Ent5, thereby diverting the AP-1/Ent5–dependent Golgi proteins into an alternative recycling loop that involves traffic to the plasma membrane followed by endocytosis. Unexpectedly, various AP-1/Ent5–dependent Golgi proteins show either intermediate or late kinetics of residence in maturing cisternae. We infer that the AP-1/Ent5 pair mediates two sequential intra-Golgi recycling pathways that define two classes of Golgi proteins. This insight can explain the polarized distribution of transmembrane proteins in the Golgi.
Investigation on the interface trap characteristics in a p-channel GaN MOSFET through temperature-dependent subthreshold slope analysis
Authors: Chen Jiabo , Liu Zhihong , Wang Haiyong , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Zhu Dan , Zhang Tao , Duan Xiaoling , Ning Jing , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a simple method based on subthreshold slopes was proposed to investigate the interface trap characteristics in a p-channel GaN MOSFET with a p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN structure on Si. The energy distribution of the interface trap density has been extracted from the analysis of the transfer characteristics in the subthreshold region of operation. The interface trap densities and respective energy distribution at both room temperature and 150 °C were also calculated from the ac conductance measurements at corresponding applied biases. Both characterization methods show similar results of trap densities and energy levels.
SINS attitude algorithm based on moving-window overdetermined polynomial fitting of gyro outputs
Authors: Fang Huai , Chang Guobin , Bao Zhi , Chen Kai , Han Xiannan
Published: November 2021

The attitude algorithm is the most important part of the whole strapdown inertial navigation processing. It calculates the attitude of certain parameterization by integrating the gyro outputs or measurements in a specifically tailored way according to the attitude kinematic differential equation. The measurements or some angular velocity models obtained by fitting these measurements are often assumed free of errors in order to assess the numerical errors only. However, the gyro outputs and hence the models from them are by no means free of measurement errors. It is more often than not that the measurement errors dominate the numerical ones in practice. In this study, with coping with the measurement errors as the focus, we aim to improve the angular velocity model which is used as input in an attitude integration algorithm. This is achieved by exploiting the potential of overdetermined least-squares polynomial fitting. In order to avoid reducing the update rate by incorporating more measurements, the moving window trick is employed to re-use measurements in the previous update interval. The conventional attitude algorithm with second-order approximation in solving the differential equation of the equivalent rotation vector is employed as an example; however, the proposed method can be readily applied to other parameterizations such as direction cosine matrix, quaternion or Rodrigues parameters, and other high order approximations in solving the differential equation widely studied recently.
A deuterated liquid scintillator for supernova neutrino detection
Authors: Chauhan Bhavesh , Dasgupta Basudeb , Datar Vivek
Published: November 2021

For the next galactic supernova, operational neutrino
telescopes will measure the neutrino flux several hours before their
optical counterparts. Existing detectors, relying mostly on charged
current interactions, are mostly sensitive to ν̅e
and to a
lesser extent to νe
. In order to measure the flux of other
flavors
(νμ
,ν̅μ
,ντ
,and ν̅τ
),
we need to observe their neutral current interactions with the
detector. Such a measurement is not only crucial for overall
normalization of the supernova neutrino flux but also for
understanding the intricate neutrino oscillation physics. A
deuterium based detector will be sensitive to all neutrino
flavors. In this paper, we propose a 1 kton deuterated liquid
scintillator (DLS) based detector that will see about 435 neutral
current events and 170 (108) charged current νe
(ν̅e
)
events from a fiducial supernova at a distance of 10 kpc from
Earth. We explore the possibility of extracting spectral information
from the neutral current channel by measuring the quenched
kinetic energy of the proton in the final state, where the neutron
in the final state is tagged and used to reduce backgrounds. We also
discuss the secondary interactions of the recoil neutrons in
the detector.
Computational modelling of nerve stimulation and recording with peripheral visceral neural interfaces
Authors: Eiber Calvin D , Payne Sophie C , Biscola Natalia P , Havton Leif A , Keast Janet R , Osborne Peregrine B , Fallon James B
Published: November 2021

Objective.Neuromodulation of visceral nerves is being intensively studied for treating a wide range of conditions, but effective translation requires increasing the efficacy and predictability of neural interface performance. Here we use computational models of rat visceral nerve to predict how neuroanatomical variability could affect both electrical stimulation and recording with an experimental planar neural interface.Approach.We developed a hybrid computational pipeline,VisceralNerveEnsembleRecording andStimulation (ViNERS), to couple finite-element modelling of extracellular electrical fields with biophysical simulations of individual axons. Anatomical properties of fascicles and axons in rat pelvic and vagus nerves were measured or obtained from public datasets. To validate ViNERS, we simulated pelvic nerve stimulation and recording with an experimental four-electrode planar array.Main results.Axon diameters measured from pelvic nerve were used to model a population of myelinated and unmyelinated axons and simulate recordings of electrically evoked single-unit field potentials (SUFPs). Across visceral nerve fascicles of increasing size, our simulations predicted an increase in stimulation threshold and a decrease in SUFP amplitude. Simulated threshold changes were dominated by changes in perineurium thickness, which correlates with fascicle diameter. We also demonstrated that ViNERS could simulate recordings of electrically-evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) that were qualitatively similar to pelvic nerve recording made with the array used for simulation.Significance.We introduce ViNERS as a new open-source computational tool for modelling large-scale stimulation and recording from visceral nerves. ViNERS predicts how neuroanatomical variation in rat pelvic nerve affects stimulation and recording with an experimental planar electrode array. We show ViNERS can simulate ECAPS that capture features of our recordings, but our results suggest the underlying NEURON models need to be further refined and specifically adapted to accurately simulate visceral nerve axons.
Enhanced particle transport events approaching the density limit of the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Long T. , Diamond P.H. , Ke R. , Nie L. , Xu M. , Zhang X.Y. , Li B.L. , Chen Z.P. , Xu X. , Wang Z.H. , Wu T. , Tian W.J. , Yuan J.B. , Yuan B.D. , Gong S.B. , Xiao C.Y. , Gao J.M. , Hao Z.G. , Wang N.C. , Chen Z.Y. , Yang Z.J. , Gao L. , Ding Y.H. , Pan Y. , Chen W. , Hao G.Z. , Li J.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Duan X.R.
Published: November 2021

Enhanced particle transport events are discovered and analyzed as the density limit of the J-TEXT tokamak is approached. Edge shear layer collapse is observed and the ratio of Reynolds power to turbulence production decreases. Simultaneously, the divergence of turbulence internal energy flux (i.e. turbulence spreading) increases, indicating that shear layer collapse triggers an outward spreading event. Studies of correlations show that the enhanced particle transport events are quasi-coherent, and manifested primarily in density fluctuations which exhibit positive skewness. Electron adiabaticity emerges as the critical parameter which signals transport event onset. For α < 0.35 as density approaches the Greenwald density, both turbulence spreading and density fluctuations rise rapidly. Taken together, these results elucidate the connections between edge shear layer, density fluctuations, particle transport events, turbulence spreading and plasma edge cooling as the density limit is approached.