bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosystematics of Platanthera bifolia s.l. (Orchidaceae): inferences from analysis of Scandinavian population samples
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Æ. , Lange Conny Bruun Asmussen
Published: October 2021

Over the years, various authors have (sub)divided the Eurasian moth pollinated Platanthera bifolia into several taxa. Advanced studies using multivariate morphometric analysis and/or genetic fingerprinting have all included regions where the situation appears particularly complex. With the aim to resolve variation patterns in a region where the situation seems less complex, we analysed morphometric and AFLP data from 13 Scandinavian populations using a range of uni‐ and multivariate statistical methods. Variation was largely continuous, though with (individuals from) short‐spurred and long‐spurred populations, respectively, forming loose groups. Provided that successful pollinator shifts usually occur between moth species with small difference in proboscis length, this pattern is congruent with the hypothesis that spur length in P. bifolia s.l. has mainly evolved through pollinator shifts followed by selection in response to proboscis length of the prevailing local pollinator species. Acknowledging an important adaptive role of spur length, observing that spur length was among the main contributors to morphological variation, and noting this pattern to be congruent with both AFLP patterns and habitat requirements, we advocate the formal distinction between a short‐spurred and a long‐spurred taxon. Adopting the operational definitions of species, subspecies and variety provided in Flora Nordica, the two taxa should be recognized as P. bifolia var. bifolia and P. bifolia var. latissima, respectively. A key to the varieties is provided.
Cyanotis deccanensis sp. nov. (Commelinaceae) from Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Yugandhar Pulicherla , Sivaramakrishna Pasupuleti , Savithramma Nataru , Singh Lal Ji
Published: October 2021

Cyanotis deccanensis P. Yugandhar, P. Sivaramakrishna, N. Savithramma & L.J. Singh, a new species from Andhra Pradesh, India is described and illustrated, and its conservation status is assessed. The glabrous stem with long internodes, cobwebby leaf sheath and lamina, terminal inflorescence with 2–4 cincinni, bracts longer than cincinni, cobwebby bracteoles, slightly reflexed upper bracteoles, cobwebby sepals, glabrous style, densely haired fruit apex and 6–8 pits on dorsal side of elliptic seeds distinguishes it from all previously known species. A detailed description, photographs, distribution, illustrations and an identification key to all known species of Cyanotis in India are provided.
Recent origination of circular RNAs in plants
Authors: Chu Qinjie , Ding Yuwen , Xu Xiaoxu , Ye Chu‐Yu , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Guo Longbiao , Fan Longjiang
Published: October 2021

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of new regulatory RNA with diverse biological functions. Numerous circRNAs have been identified in many plant species; however, evolution of plant circRNAs remains largely unknown.

In this study, we assembled full‐length sequences of 6519 rice (Oryza sativa) circRNAs and analyzed their conservation in another 46 plant species based on comparison of sequences and expression patterns.

We found that, at the genomic level, 8.7% of the 6519 circRNAs were conserved in dicotyledonous plants and 49.1% in Oryza genus. Meanwhile, 57.8% of parental protein‐coding genes of the rice circRNAs originated recently after divergence of monocotyledonous plants, implying recent origin of the majority of rice circRNAs, a conclusion further supported by the results based on analysis of 4663 full‐length circRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Accordingly, we proposed three models to address the origination of different types of circRNAs.

Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide new insights for the evolutionary dynamics of plant circRNAs and candidate circRNAs for further functional exploration.
The mental health profiles of pediatric organ transplant recipients
Authors: Penner Erika K. , Walker Hope , Moon Erin , Slavec Janine , Hind Tatsuma , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Solid organ transplantation is the indicated treatment for children with end‐stage organ failure. Little is known about the impact of organ transplantation on pediatric transplant recipients’ mental health. Symptoms of medical procedure and generalized anxiety, post‐traumatic stress, and depression may emerge, despite the successful restoration of organ function.

Methods

We examined symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, and medical procedure anxiety—specifically, fear and avoidance of needles—in youth who had received a kidney, liver, or heart transplant. Parent‐report on child mental health symptoms was also collected.

Results

Data were obtained for 56 youth. Most children did not endorse clinically significant symptoms of depression. In contrast, 20% of parents reported symptoms of depression in their child that exceeded clinical cutoffs. Parents also reported higher levels of anxiety in their children than did the children themselves. Indeed, on average, children reported lower levels of depression and anxiety than would be expected in a general population. On a trauma measure, 22.6% of youths’ scores were above clinical cutoffs, with girls scoring higher than boys. Finally, 10.9% of children stated that they attempted to avoid needles because of fear. Once again, girls reported higher needle fear scores than boys and younger patients reported experiencing higher levels of needle fear.

Conclusions

Anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress, and needle fear are important psychological parameters that should be considered in the evaluation of pediatric patients with solid organ transplant, as part of their routine post‐transplant care.
Oscillatory brain activity links experience to expectancy during associative learning
Authors: Riels Kierstin , Ramos Campagnoli Rafaela , Thigpen Nina , Keil Andreas
Published: October 2021

Associating a novel situation with a specific outcome involves a cascade of cognitive processes, including selecting relevant stimuli, forming predictions regarding expected outcomes, and updating memorized predictions based on experience. The present manuscript uses computational modeling and machine learning to test the hypothesis that alpha‐band (8–12 Hz) oscillations are involved in the updating of expectations based on experience. Participants learned that a visual cue predicted an aversive loud noise with a probability of 50%. The Rescorla–Wagner model of associative learning explained trial‐wise changes in self‐reported noise expectancy as well as alpha power changes. Experience in the past trial and self‐reported expectancy for the subsequent trial were accurately decoded based on the topographical distribution of alpha power at specific latencies. Decodable information during initial association formation and contingency report recurred when viewing the conditioned cue. Findings support the idea that alpha oscillations have multiple, temporally specific, roles in the formation of associations between cues and outcomes.
Electrophysiological evidence against parallel motor processing during multitasking
Authors: Mittelstädt Victor , Mackenzie Ian Grant , Leuthold Hartmut , Miller Jeff
Published: October 2021

We combined behavioral measures with electrophysiological measures of motor activation (i.e., lateralized readiness potentials, LRPs) to disentangle the relative contribution of premotor and motor processes to multitasking interference in the prioritized processing paradigm. Specifically, we presented stimuli of two tasks (primary and background task) in each trial, but participants were instructed to perform the background task only if the primary task required no response. As expected, task performance was substantially influenced by a task probability manipulation: Background task responses were faster, psychological refractory period effects were smaller, and interference from the second task (i.e., backward compatibility effects) was larger when there was a larger probability that this task required a response. Critically, stimulus‐locked and response‐locked LRP analyses indicate that these behavioral effects of parallel processing were not driven by background task motor processing (e.g., motoric response activation) taking place during primary task processing. Instead, the LRP results suggest that these effects were exclusively localized during premotor stages of processing (e.g., response selection). Thus, the present results generally provide evidence for multitasking accounts allowing parallel task processing during response selection, whereas the task‐specific motor responses are activated in a serial manner. One plausible account is that multiple task information sources can be processed in parallel, with sharing of limited cognitive resources depending on task relevance, but a primary and still active task goal prevents motor activation related to the goals of other tasks in order to avoid outcome conflict.
Identification of the novel allele, HLA‐B*44:256, in an individual from West Bengal in Eastern India
Authors: Neeraja Mamidi , Iyyapu Rohit , Kumar Neerudi Raj , Manoj Gorle , Tatapudi Ravi Raju
Published: October 2021

Next generation sequencing based HLA typing has led to the identification of a novel allele HLA‐B*44:256. The novel allele HLA‐B*44:256 differs from B*44:02:01:01 by eight nucleotides in exon 3.
Unconventional grain growth suppression in oxygen-rich metal oxide nanoribbons
Authors: Han Hyeuk Jin , Lee Gyu Rac , Xie Yujun , Jang Hanhwi , Hynek David J. , Cho Eugene N. , Kim Ye Ji , Jung Yeon Sik , Cha Judy J.
Published: October 2021

Thermodynamically unstable nanoscale grains can be stabilized by tuning the metal-to-oxygen ratio in metal oxide nanoribbons.
Casting Light on the Shadow of Doubt
Authors: Hawkins Jane
Published: October 2021

The Science of Conjecture
Evidence and Probability before Pascal. James Franklin. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2001. 511 pp. $55, £36.95. ISBN 0-8018-6569-7.

Franklin offers a comprehensive survey of the literature of rational methods of dealing with uncertainty from ancient Egypt to Pascal and Fermat's development of the mathematics of probability in the mid-17th century.
Behavior in Hydra: Contraction Responses of
Hydra pirardi
to Mechanical and Light Stimuli
Authors: Rushforth Norman B. , Burnett Allison L. , Maynard Richard
Published: October 2021

Hydra pirardi
c ontracts in response to light and mechanical agitation. The animals show a reduction in the number of contractions in response to mechanical agitation on repeated testing but continue to contract in response to a light stimulus. Excision of all the tentacles of the animal completely inhibits contraction in response to mechanical agitation but does not affect contraction in response to light. The results of these experiments suggest that
H. pirardi
has different receptors for light and for mechanical agitation and that the control mechanisms for the contraction responses to these two stimuli are independent.
Cholecystokinin Antianalgesia: Safety Cues Abolish Morphine Analgesia
Authors: Wiertelak Eric P. , Maier Steven F. , Watkins Linda R.
Published: October 2021

Environmental stimuli that signal the occurrence of aversive or dangerous events activate endogenous opiate analgesia systems. Signals for safety (the nonoccurrence of aversive events) produce the opposite and inhibit environmentally produced analgesia. Stimuli that signal safety are now shown to abolish the analgesic effect of morphine, even when morphine is applied directly to spinal cord. Further, this antiopiate effect occurs because the environmental stimulus leads to release of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin in the spinal cord. This process may contribute to the regulation of pain and the development of opiate tolerance.
On the Many Origins of Species
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: October 2021

Evolutionists once believed that new species form only after two populations are separated by a physical barrier. Now, however, the evidence that new species can form right beside their parent populations is so strong that the debate is less over whether this process, called sympatric speciation, can take place than over how often and under what conditions. The case of a new variety of fruit fly that formed when one population began feeding and mating on apples instead of hawthorn fruit has convinced some biologists that sympatric speciation is a major factor behind the diverse array of plant-feeding insects and freshwater fish that exists today.
Amazonian Diversity: A River Doesn't Run Through It
Authors: Morell Virginia
Published: October 2021

Although increasing numbers of biologists believe that new species can form without being isolated by a geographic barrier, geographic speciation remains a powerful generator of diversity. Sometimes it can take a surprising face, however, as in the Amazon basin. The basin's great rivers have been a major species-maker: By dividing populations in two, they create new groups that follow separate evolutionary paths. But a new study points to another kind of barrier as well: ancient ridges now lying buried and nearly invisible under the cloak of forest.
Epigenetically defined therapeutic targeting in H3.3G34R/V high-grade gliomas
Authors: Sweha Stefan R. , Chung Chan , Natarajan Siva Kumar , Panwalkar Pooja , Pun Matthew , Ghali Amer , Bayliss Jill , Pratt Drew , Shankar Anand , Ravikumar Visweswaran , Rao Arvind , Cieslik Marcin , Wilder-Romans Kari , Scott Andrew J. , Wahl Daniel R. , Jessa Selin , Kleinman Claudia L. , Jabado Nada , Mackay Alan , Jones Chris , Martinez Daniel , Santi Mariarita , Judkins Alexander R. , Yadav Viveka Nand , Qin Tingting , Phoenix Timothy N. , Koschmann Carl J. , Baker Suzanne J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Venneti Sriram
Published: October 2021

Histone H3.3G34R/V mutant gliomas demonstrate LIF/STAT pathway activation that can be disrupted for therapeutic benefit.
Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance
Authors: Ardern Clare L , Büttner Fionn , Andrade Renato , Weir Adam , Ashe Maureen C , Holden Sinead , Impellizzeri Franco M , Delahunt Eamonn , Dijkstra H Paul , Mathieson Stephanie , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Reurink Guus , Sherrington Catherine , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Vicenzino Bill , Whittaker Jackie L , Wright Alexis A , Clarke Mike , Moher David , Page Matthew J , Khan Karim M , Winters Marinus
Published: October 2021

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and its accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provide general reporting examples for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. However, implementation guidance for sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science does not exist. The Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science (PERSiST) guidance attempts to address this problem. Nineteen content experts collaborated with three methods experts to identify examples of exemplary reporting in systematic reviews in sport and exercise medicine (including physical activity), musculoskeletal rehabilitation (including physiotherapy), and sports science, for each of the PRISMA 2020 Statement items. PERSiST aims to help: (1) systematic reviewers improve the transparency and reporting of systematic reviews and (2) journal editors and peer reviewers make informed decisions about systematic review reporting quality.
Participant and narrative characteristics associated with host community members sharing experiences of peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bartels Susan Andrea , Lusamba Sandrine , Lee Sabine
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) account for 36% of the global reports of formal SEA allegations to the UN between 2007 and 2021. However, formally reported SEA represents only a fraction of that which occurs, and community experiences of peacekeeper-perpetrated SEA are likely different than those reflected in official UN documents.

Methods

Using mixed-methods, cross-sectional data collected in the DRC in 2018, we used descriptive analysis and multivariate Poisson regression with robust error estimates to examine the participant and narrative characteristics associated with sharing an experience about peacekeeper-perpetrated SEA.

Results

Participants in Bukavu (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) and Kalemie (aRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.81) werelesslikely to share narratives about sexual interactions, while civilian UN personnel (aRR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) were slightlymorelikely to be implicated in narratives about sexual interactions. Narratives in which the outcome was deemed fair to the woman/girl weremorelikely to be about sexual interactions (aRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12). Both the regression analysis and the participants’ interpretation of the shared narratives illustrated the significant role poverty played in SEA, suggesting that the outcomes of sexual interactions may have been deemed fair since affected women/girls were perceived to have benefited financially/materially.

Conclusion

There is significant variation between host communities in the likelihood of sharing narratives about SEA, which could prove useful for informing more targeted SEA prevention initiatives. Narratives about sexual interactions with UN personnel were more often deemed to have fair outcomes for the affected women/girls, likely related to ongoing poverty in host communities and perceived financial/material gain. These findings highlight how extreme poverty may impact perceptions around informed consent as well as fairness and require further study. Perceptions around fair outcomes would disincentivise formal reporting, which needs to be considered when devising community-based complaint networks.
Systematic review of medical student willingness to volunteer and preparedness for pandemics and disasters
Authors: Byrne Matthew Henry Vincent , Ashcroft James , Alexander Laith , Wan Jonathan C M , Harvey Anna
Published: October 2021

Objective

This systematic review aimed to estimate the willingness of students to volunteer during a disaster, and how well-prepared medical students are for volunteering by assessing their knowledge and medical school curriculum of disaster and pandemic medicine.

Results

A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria including 11 168 medical students and 91 medical schools. 24 studies evaluated knowledge (64.9%), 16 evaluated volunteering (43.2%) and 5 evaluated medical school curricula (13.5%). Weighted mean willingness to volunteer during a disaster was 68.4% (SD=21.7%, range=26.7%–87.8%, n=2911), and there was a significant difference between those planning to volunteer and those who actually volunteered (p<0.0001). We identified a number of modifiable barriers which may contribute to this heterogeneity. Overall, knowledge of disasters was poor with a weighted mean of 48.9% (SD=15.1%, range=37.1%–87.0%, n=2985). 36.8% of 76 medical schools curricula included teaching on disasters. However, students only received minimal teaching (2–6 hours).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that there is a large number of students who are willing to volunteer during pandemics. However, they are unlikely to be prepared for these roles as overall knowledge is poor, and this is likely due to minimal teaching on disasters at medical school. During the current COVID-19 pandemic and in future disasters, medical students may be required to volunteer as auxiliary staff. There is a need to develop infrastructure to facilitate this process as well as providing education and training to ensure students are adequately prepared to perform these roles safely.
Factors associated with experiencing reassault in Ontario, Canada: a population-based analysis
Authors: Strauss Rachel , Sutradhar Rinku , Gomez David , Luo Jin , Snider Carolyn , Saunders Natasha Ruth
Published: October 2021

Background

Individuals who experience a violence-related injury are at high risk for subsequent assault. The extent to which characteristics of initial assault are associated with the risk and intensity of reassaults is not well described yet essential for planning preventive interventions. We sought to describe the incidence of reassault and associated risk factors in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

In this population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health and demographic administrative databases, we included all individuals discharged from an emergency department or hospitalised with a physical assault between 1 April 2005 and 30 November 2016 and followed them until 31 December 2016 for reassault. A sex-stratified Andersen-Gill recurrent events analysis modelled associations between sociodemographic and clinical risk factors and reassault.

Results

271 522 individuals experienced assault (mean follow-up=6.4 years), 24 568 (9.0%) of whom were reassaulted within 1 year, 45 834 (16.9%) within 5 years and 52 623 (19.4%) within 10 years. 40 322 (21%) males and 12 662 (17%) females experienced reassault over the study period. Groups with increased rates of reassault included: those aged 13–17 years versus older adults (age 65+) (males: relative rate (RR) 2.16; 95% CI 1.96 to 2.38; females: RR 2.79; 95% CI 2.39 to 3.26)), those living in rural areas versus urban (males: RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.24; females: RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.37) and individuals with a history of incarceration versus without (males: RR 2.38; 95% CI 2.33 to 2.42; females: RR 2.57; 95% CI 2.48 to 2.67).

Conclusion

One in five who are assaulted experience reassault. Those at greatest risk include youth, those living in rural areas, and those who have been incarcerated, with strongest associations among females. Timely interventions to reduce the risk of experiencing reassault must consider both sexes in these groups.
Responses to reduced nicotine cigarette marketing features: a systematic review
Authors: Johnson Andrea C , Mercincavage Melissa , Souprountchouk Valentina , Rogelberg Sasha , Sidhu Anupreet K , Delnevo Cristine D , Strasser Andrew A
Published: October 2021

Objective

To systematically review the literature regarding responses to commercial and public health marketing features for reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNCs) to anticipate potential industry and regulatory actions should an RNC product standard be issued.

Data sources

We searched PubMed for English-language articles using several keywords for reduced nicotine products, cigarettes and marketing features published through 2020.

Study selection

Of 4092 records, 26 studies were retained for review that met criteria focusing on responses to RNC marketing features.

Data extraction

Search terms created by the research team were used for review and included independent extraction and coding by two reviewers. Coding was categorised using study design terminology, commercial and public health features in tobacco regulatory science, and their association with individual responses outlined by several message processing outcomes.

Data synthesis

Most studies focused on current cigarette smokers and were cross-sectional. Reactions to RNCs and attitudes and beliefs were the most common outcomes measured. For commercial features, articles generally studied RNC advertisements, products and/or descriptors. For public health features, articles studied counter-messaging (eg, warning labels) or general descriptors about nicotine or a reduced nicotine product standard. Commercial features were generally associated with favourable responses. Public health features offset favourable responses across most outcomes, though their efficacy was mixed. Contrasts in results by smoking status are discussed.

Conclusions

Commercial marketing of RNCs is appealing and may need stronger regulations or communication campaigns to accurately convey risks. Opportunities exist for future research within tobacco regulatory science.
Polymicrobial and monomicrobial necrotizing soft tissue infections: comparison of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and pathological hallmarks and prognosis. A retrospective analysis
Authors: Naamany Eviatar , Shiber Shachaf , Duskin-Bitan Hadar , Yahav Dafna , Bishara Jihad , Sagy Iftach , Granat Nadav , Drescher Michael
Published: October 2021

Background

Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a life-threatening infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment consists of surgery and antibiotics. Many studies have addressed NSTI and its subtypes, but few have reviewed the clinical, radiological, and pathological differences between the polymicrobial and monomicrobial diseases. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with polymicrobial (NSTI I) and monomicrobial (NSTI II) infections and their association with outcome.

Methods

The cohort consisted of patients hospitalized with NSTI at a tertiary medical center in 2002–2019. The medical charts were reviewed for clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Findings were compared between patients in whom blood/tissue bacterial cultures yielded one or more than one pathological isolate. The primary clinical outcome measure of the study was all-cause mortality at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were duration of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, score on the LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis), and need for vasopressor treatment.

Results

A total of 81 patients met the inclusion criteria: 54 (66.6%) with monomicrobial NSTI and 27 (33.3%) with polymicrobial NSTI. There were no significant between-group differences in in-hospital and 90-day mortality. On multivariate analysis, the monomicrobial disease group had a significantly higher 90-day mortality rate in addition to higher rates of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and vasopressor use than the polymicrobial disease group.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to compare the clinical, radiological, and pathological differences between the two most common types of NSTI. The results demonstrate better prognosis for polymicrobial NSTI, with minimal ICU stay, lower mortality, and lower use of vasopressors.

Level of evidence

Prognostic and epidemiological, level III.
Superradiant stability of five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner–Nordstrom black holes
Authors: Huang Jia-Hui , Cao Tian-Tian , Zhang Mu-Zi
Published: October 2021

We revisit the superradiant stability of five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner–Nordstrom black holes under charged massive scalar perturbation with a new analytical method. In each case, it is analytically proved that the effective potential experienced by the scalar perturbation has only one maximum outside the black hole horizon and no potential well exists for the superradiance modes. So the five and six-dimensional extremal Reissner–Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable. The new method we developed is based on the Descartes’ rule of signs for the polynomial equations. Our result provides a complementary support of previous studies on the stability of higher dimensional extremal Reissner–Nordstrom black holes based on numerical methods.
A Dynamic Model for Imputing Missing Medical Data: A Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Almasinejad Peyman , Golabpour Amin , Mollakhalili Meybodi Mohammad Reza , Mirzaie Kamal , Khosravi Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Missing data occurs in all research, especially in medical studies. Missing data is the situation in which a part of research data has not been reported. This will result in the incompatibility of the sample and the population and misguided conclusions. Missing data is usual in research, and the extent of it will determine how misinterpreted the conclusions will be. All methods of parameter estimation and prediction models are based on the assumption that the data are complete. Extensive missing data will result in false predictions and increased bias. In the present study, a novel method has been proposed for the imputation of medical missing data. The method determines what algorithm is suitable for the imputation of missing data. To do so, a multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm was used. The algorithm imputes the missing data in a way that if a prediction model is applied to the data, both specificity and sensitivity will be optimized. Our proposed model was evaluated using real data of gastric cancer and acute T-cell leukemia (ATLL). First, the model was then used to impute the missing data. Then, the missing data were imputed using deletion, average, expectation maximization, MICE, and missForest methods. Finally, the prediction model was applied for both imputed datasets. The accuracy of the prediction model for the first and the second imputation methods was 0.5 and 16.5, respectively. The novel imputation method was more accurate than similar algorithms like expectation maximization and MICE.
Comparison of Two Sternal Closure Techniques Based on Risk Factors: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Duzgun Ali Cemal , Ilkeli Ekin , Katircioglu Fehmi
Published: October 2021

Background. Stainless steel wires are still commonly used as a sternum closure technique. However, it can cause fatal complications due to rupture and dehiscence. It was anticipated that the sternal Cable System (Pioneer Surgical Technology Inc., Marquette, MI, USA) could provide a better sternal fixation and reduce the possible complications. Materials and Method. A total of 100 patients (57 male, 43 female) at high risk of dehiscence were included in this prospective observational study. Among those with EuroSCORE value of 4 and above, patients with chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, body mass index, advanced age, and resurgery were operated in two separate centers. Standard steel wires (

n

: 51) used for sternotomy were compared with the sternal cable (

n

: 49). Early and late sternal dehiscence rates were compared in the study. The relationship between risk factors causing dehiscence and both methods was assessed statistically. Results. Early dehiscence rates were 6.4% in those closed with a sternal cable (

n

: 3) and 11.8% in those closed with a sternal wire (

n

: 6) (

p
<
0.05

)). In risky patients, body mass index was the most determining parameter in terms of sternum dehiscence risk. Conclusion. In risky patients, we recommend the sternal cable system as a good and reliable closure technique to achieve a more stable and compact sternum.
Enhancing the Health and Well-Being of People with Chronic Diseases: Assessment and Sustainable Development Planning for Therapeutic Landscapes after Urban Expansion
Authors: Mei Lin , Liu Kun , Zhu Bo-Wei
Published: October 2021

Under the influence of economic, environmental, and social structural changes, urban space expands and contracts to varying degrees and the everyday urban landscape changes in response. Over the past 20 years, a large number of cities in China have undergone a brief but rapid urban expansion and are moving toward shrinking cities. Most of these cities are now facing social problems such as an aging population and a high prevalence of chronic diseases. Therefore, the “therapeutic” role and impact of everyday landscapes in these cities need to be examined in the context of urban development processes through appropriate assessment methods. Therefore, this study applies the ANP-mV model to examine the therapeutic nature of everyday urban landscapes in different development periods, with the aim of enhancing the health and well-being of people with chronic diseases. Firstly, this study uses the city of Jinzhou in Northeast China as an example to develop a framework for assessing the therapeutic nature of everyday urban landscapes based on the health care needs of people with chronic diseases; secondly, it examines the therapeutic nature of the former Jinzhou Suburban Riverfront Forest Park as it has developed and evolved over the past 16 years; finally, it explores place-making and regeneration strategies for therapeutic landscapes from the perspectives of dynamic impact and sustainable development to enhance chronic illness patients’ well-being. At the theoretical level, this study contributes by providing a methodology and research ideas for examining the “therapeutic” nature of everyday urban landscapes and proposing further development plans for renewal, constructing a framework for assessing therapeutic landscapes, and elucidating the relationship between networks of influence and the relative importance of various assessment dimensions/elements. At the practical application level, the contribution of this study is to provide local policymakers with a key decision basis for the future development planning of the East Lake Forest Park. The aim is to explore landscape creation and regeneration strategies for the East Lake Forest Park in the context of Jinzhou's progressive move toward a shrinking city, in order to sustain the well-being of the chronically ill.
The Hydrodynamic Coefficient Analysis and Motion Control of the Lingyun Moveable Lander
Authors: Li Guoxin , Zhang Shaowei
Published: October 2021

A moveable lander has the advantages of low cost and strong controllability and is gradually becoming an effective autonomous ocean observation platform. In this study, the hydrodynamic property of the Lingyun moveable lander, which has completed experiments in the Mariana Trench in 2020, is analyzed with the semiempirical method and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. We calculate the inertial hydrodynamic coefficients and viscous hydrodynamic coefficients of the lander. The results show that the CFD can provide the hydrodynamic property for the moveable lander’s design. The dynamic equations and kinematic equations are completely constructed combined with the hydrodynamic coefficients. Subsequently, this paper utilized the PID control method and

S

control method to control the motions of the lander. The simulation results show that the methods accurately follow the preplanned path.
Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: October 2021

The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
Beamforming Design and Covert Performance Analysis for Full‐Duplex Multiantenna System
Authors: Yang Ling , Yang Weiwei , Tang Liang , Tu Jia , Lu Xingbo , He Zhengyun
Published: October 2021

In this work, a wireless covert communication system with full‐duplex (FD) multiantenna receiver is considered. In order to improve the convert performance of the wireless communication system in the FD mode, a scheme based on selection combining/zero forcing beamforming (SC/ZFB) is proposed. More specifically, a covert message receiver with a FD multiantenna uses the zero forcing beamforming method to transmit randomly varying noise power to the adversary while receiving covert information from the sender. Firstly, we derive the optimal detection threshold and the corresponding closed expression of the minimum detection error rate of the warden. Secondly, the transmission interruption probability is explored to measure the communication reliability between the sender and the receiver of the covert message. Finally, the throughput performance of the covert communication system is analyzed under random geometry. Our analysis shows that the proposed SC/ZFB scheme can achieve the positive effective convert rate while interfering with the detection of the warden as much as possible. It is worth noting that the increase of the number of antennas and the power of covert message transmission can improve the convert performance of the system.
Assessment of Wettability and Contact Angle of Bonding Agent with Enamel Surface Etched by Five Commercially Available Etchants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Katyal Deepika , Subramanian Aravind Kumar , Venugopal Adith , Marya Anand
Published: October 2021

Background. The quantity and quality of the etching pattern produced by acids play a significant role in the wettability and contact angle of the adhesive with the enamel surface in orthodontics. The better the etch pattern, the more the surface energy of the enamel, better the penetration of the adhesive, which ultimately results in better bond strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the contact angle of the bonding agent with the enamel surface etched by five commercially available etchants and check if any difference existed between the five. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five human maxillary and mandibular central incisors and premolars extracted for orthodontic or dental purposes were used in this study as samples. The teeth were allocated into five groups based upon the etchant used to etch the enamel surface. After the samples were etched, a hard tissue microtome was used to create thin slices of the enamel surface. The samples were then exposed to bonding agent Ormco Enlight. The bonding agent was released in the form of droplets onto the enamel slices mounted on a contact angle goniometer. The contact angle values were tabulated, and statistical analysis using the one-way ANOVA test was carried out. Results. The contact angle measurements of the etchant group, DPI, were the lowest, while D-tech has the highest contact angle values. However, statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the contact angle measurements of the five groups included in the study. Conclusion. No statistically significant difference existed between the five etchant groups included in the study. However, commercially available etchant DPI showed lesser contact angle and thus better wettability in comparison to other groups. Further elemental analysis and surface analysis are required to validate these results.
Genome-Wide Regulation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Ulcerative Colitis Rats
Authors: Wang Zhaoqin , Huang Yan , Wang Di , Wang Rumeng , Li Kunshan , Qi Qin , Ma Zhe , Gu Muen , Zheng Handan , Lu Yuan , Wu Luyi
Published: October 2021

Acupuncture and moxibustion have definite clinical effects on treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but their mechanism is still unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, we applied herb-partitioned moxibustion or electroacupuncture at the Tianshu (ST25) points on UC rats and used RNA sequencing to identify molecular consequences. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups randomly: the normal control (NC) group, the control + herb-partitioned moxibustion (NCHM) group, the control + electroacupuncture (NCEA) group, the model (UC) group, the model + herb-partitioned moxibustion (UCHM) group, and the model + electroacupuncture (UCEA) group. Compared to the UC group, HE staining in the UCHM group and UCEA group indicated that colitis was relieved, the histopathological score and MPO were both significantly reduced, and the serum hs-CRP concentration was decreased significantly. The results of RNA-seq suggested that, compared to the NC group, 206 upregulated genes and 167 downregulated genes were identified in colon tissues from the UC group; compared to the UC group, the expression levels of some genes were both affected in the UCHM group and the UCEA group (684 differentially expressed genes were identified in the UCHM group, and 1182 differentially expressed genes were identified in the UCEA group). KEGG signal pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes in the UCHM group were associated with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecule (CAM); the differentially expressed genes in the UCEA group were associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway, the toll-like receptor signaling pathways, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway. This is the first study to reveal the gene expression characteristics of the anti-inflammatory effect of UC rats from the perspective of acupuncture and moxibustion control, which provide a clue for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of UC treatment by acupuncture and moxibustion.
Analysis of Plant Biomass Pretreatment Technology for Fuel Production
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhao Mengdi , Xiao Kai , Liu Xianli , Zhao Xude , Liu Ting
Published: October 2021

Facing the double challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution, development and utilization of biomass energy is of great urgency. In this review paper, the current situation and types of biomass energy are reviewed and discussed based on the world energy crisis and its environmental problems. As a typical renewable green liquid energy, bio-ethanol, made from plants with rich reserves, could be applied to the field of traffic transportation. Due to the complex structure, variety, and stable nature of plant biomass, cost-effective pretreatment technology has become an urgent demand in the bio-energy field of current world. At present, various pretreatment methods for enzymatic saccharification of plant biomass have different defects. Therefore, the research on pretreatment technology needs to comprehensively consider the heterogeneity of chemical composition and structural characteristics of raw material and the pertinence of pretreatment methods.
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Different Grape Varieties and Different Parts of Wine Grape Using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Wang Yali , Yang Lu , Zhang Ke , Chen Xiaoxiang , Wang Hangyu , Cheng Ping , Wang Jinhui
Published: October 2021

Natural active compounds are an important key to the development and utilization of functional foods and medicine. In this study, the chemical diversity and varietal differences of wine grape were studied by using the untargeted metabolomics method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS), and the secondary metabolites of different cultivars and different parts were analyzed. A GC-MS-based metabolomic approach and chemometrics tools was used to identify potential active compounds in Vitis vinifera. The results showed that the content of active compounds in red
wine varieties was higher than that in white wine varieties, and the content of active ingredients in grape seeds was significantly higher than that in fruits. In conclusion, this study analyzed the metabolite composition and differentiation of different wine grape fruits in Turpan as a whole,
and is expected to lay a foundation for the study of wine grape and to provide a theoretical basis for development and utilization of the Dietary supplement and medicine on them.
Study on the Visual Response of Frankliniella occidentalis to Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy with Different Wavelength Ranges
Authors: Liu Qihang , Jiang Yueli , Zhao Mingqian , Miao Jin , Gong Zhongjun , Li Tong , Duan Yun , Wu Yuqing
Published: October 2021

To understand the visual sensitivity of western flower thrips to 350–450 nm light, we examined thrips selective response effect and the effect of white light on thrips visual response effect. The results showed that the visual selection response to Ultra Violet (UV) light at 360–365
nm, the approach sensitivity to 380–385 nm light with 6000 lx was respectively the best (15.59, 7.26%), while under light energy, both of them to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (20.04, 11.13%). Under contrast white light, the most sensitive UV spectra
of thrips respectively caused by illumination, light energy was 380–385, 360–365 nm, and white light enhanced thrips visual response effect to UV light, which further increased by the increasing intensity, showing that under illumination, the visual response effect to 380–385
nm light with 6000 lx was the best (51.21,69.78%), while that to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (43.98, 65.68%), originated from the different intensity spread by light energy and illumination. These results indicate that the change of photo-stimulus intensity
property can regulated thrips visual sensitivity to enhance the phototactic effect.
Laxogenosides Enhance Yield and Quality of Raphanus sativus L. Under Greenhouse Condition
Authors: Liu Jinna , Zha Zihe , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Cunli
Published: October 2021

Laxogenoside-C (LG-C) has BRs-likely activity and with higher activity stability. In this study, the LG-C and SsS (the mixture of Laxogenoside-A, -B, and -C; isolated from the Smilax scobinicaulis C.H. Wright) were used to conduct the seeding treatment and greenhouse experiments
with different application time and concentrations, to clarify the effect on yield and quality of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for development of a new plant growth regulator. The results showed that 10 μM LG-C and SsS increased hypocotyls, elongation and cotyledon weight
compared with other treatment. The greenhouse experiments indicated that the interaction effect of plant growth regulator types and application time was significant for all parameters except for phosphorus content. An application of LG-C or SsS produced a higher yield than multiple times.
Compared with T0 treatment, LG-C and SsS sprayed at root enlargement (T4) increased yield by 25.33% and 24.10%, respectively. T4 treatment of LG-C produced the highest yield and free amino acid and phosphorus, but the other parameters not. T4 treatment of SsS not only had the highest yield
and water-soluble carbohydrates and water-soluble protein but also improved the other radish quality. In conclusion, this study indicated that the application of SsS at root enlargement with 10 μM improved radish root tubers yield and quality.