bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New neuroprotective derivatives of cinnamic acid by biotransformation
Authors: Elkharsawy Hadeer , Eldomany Ramadan A. , Mira Amira , Soliman Amal F. , Amir Mohamed , El-sharkawy Saleh
Published: March 2024

Microbial transformation is extensively utilized to generate new metabolites in bulk amounts with more specificity and improved activity.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-mediated synthesis of ultra-stable gold nanoparticles in a nonaqueous choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Ortega-Córdova Raúl , Sánchez-Carillo Kaori , Carrasco-Saavedra Saúl , Ramírez-García Gonzalo , Pérez-García María G. , Soltero-Martínez J. Félix Armando , Mota-Morales Josué D.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a nonaqueous choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent (DES).
Nanometrology based control: taming radical grafting reactions with attoliter precision
Authors: Maillot Baptiste , Audibert Jean-Frédéric , Miomandre Fabien , Brasiliense Vitor
Published: March 2024

A nanometrology approach is used to quantify and control the photografting of different aryl radicals. In spite of grafting kinetics spanning several orders of magnitude, the volume of the grafted patterns can be controlled with attoliter precision.
Self-adhesion of uncrosslinked poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), i.e. nitrile rubber, an inhomogeneous and associative polymer
Authors: Hervio Valentine , Brûlet Annie , Creton Costantino , Sanoja Gabriel E.
Published: March 2024

The precursor of NBR, poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene), experiences thermodynamic forces for self-assembly and kinetic barriers for processing. We introduce three strategies to overcome such barriers and enable polymer self-adhesion in the bulk.
Oxygen vacancy redistribution and ferroelectric polarization relaxation on epitaxial perovskite films during an electrocatalytic process
Authors: An Keyu , Yu Zhichao , Bai Haoyun , Liu Di , Qiao Lulu , Lv Xingshuai , Shao Lianyi , Feng Jinxian , Cao Youpeng , Li Lun , Wen Zhaorui , Chen Shi , Pan Zhongbin , Wang Shuangpeng , Pan Hui
Published: March 2024

Ferroelectric catalysis BaTiO3 films show negative ferroelectric polarization drives the oxygen vacancies redistribution to the surface accelerating the adsorption of reactants and charge transfer, resulting in an enhanced OER performance.
A pH-response-based fluorescent probe for detecting the mitophagy process by tracing changes in colocalization coefficients
Authors: Hao Nongyi , Jiang Zekun , Zhou Lina , Dai Xiaoyu , Kong Xiuqi
Published: March 2024

A novel pH-response fluorescent probe MP for the detection of mitophagy process via tracing colocalization coeffcients was developed.
An electrochemiluminescence microsensor based on DNA-silver nanoclusters amplification for detecting cellular adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Wu GuanQi , Chen Jian , Dou JinXin , He XiangWei , Li Hai-Fang , Lin Jin-Ming
Published: March 2024

An ECL microsensor integrating RCA magnification and in situ DNA-templated AgNC generation for sensitive detection of cellular ATP.
Indirect use of CO2: synthesis of N-substituted dicarbamates via polyurea intermediates over a Zn-based metal azolate framework
Authors: Wang Peixue , Liu Shimin , Cui Xinjiang , Wu Yang , Shi Feng
Published: March 2024

Indirect use of CO2:Zn-based MAF catalytic synthesis of N-substituted dicarbamates via polyurea intermediates.
Se-methylselenocysteine ameliorates mitochondrial function by targeting both mitophagy and autophagy in the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xie Yongli , Ke Xiaoshan , Ye Zhencong , Li Xuexia , Chen Zetao , Liu Jiantao , Wu Ziyi , Liu Qiong , Du Xiubo
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of SMC on mitochondrial function in 3 × Tg-AD mice.
Unveiling the functional components and anti-Alzheimer's activity of Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm. using UHPLC-MS/MS and molecular networking
Authors: Demerdash Mohamed S. , Attia Reem T. , El-Sherei Moshera M. , Aziz Wafaa M. , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf , Issa Marwa Y.
Published: March 2024

The metabolomic profiles of Koelreuteria elegans leaf and fruit methanol extracts using UHPLC-MS/MS analysis aided by molecular networking were explored. Both extracts reduced all the examined markers of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the injured streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD mice.
Nanozymes with biomimetically designed properties for cancer treatment
Authors: Xu Ke , Cui Yujie , Guan Bin , Qin Linlin , Feng Dihao , Abuduwayiti Abudumijiti , Wu Yimu , Li Hao , Cheng Hongfei , Li Zhao
Published: March 2024

The therapeutic efficacy of nanozymes, which have wide applications in cancer treatment, can be enhanced by various biomimetic design strategies, from structural and process mimicry to advanced functional biomimicry.
Green design and synthesis of some novel thiazolidinone appended benzothiazole–triazole hybrids as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Dwivedi Bhaskar , Bhardwaj Diksha , Choudhary Deepika
Published: March 2024

A sustainable and environmentally friendly approach was devised for the synthesis of bioactive hybrids, which were subsequently assessed for their antimicrobial efficacy.
Organocatalyst-mediated asymmetric one-pot/two domino/three-component coupling reactions for the synthesis of trans-hydrindanes
Authors: Mori Naoki , Tachibana Toshiki , Umekubo Nariyoshi , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: March 2024

Highly substituted trans-hydrindanes were synthesized by the three-component coupling reactions of 1,3-diethyl 2-(2-oxopropylidene)propanedioate and two different α,β-unsaturated aldehydes catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether.
A novel hydrophobic carborane-hybrid microporous material for reversed C2H6 adsorption and efficient C2H4/C2H6 separation under humid conditions
Authors: Wang Lingyao , Wu Shuangshuang , Hu Jianbo , Jiang Yunjia , Li Jiahao , Hu Yongqi , Han Yan , Ben Teng , Chen Banglin , Zhang Yuanbin
Published: March 2024

A novel hydrophobic carborane-hybrid microporous metal–organic framework ZNU-10 was prepared for reversed C2H6 adsorption and efficient C2H4/C2H6 separation under humid conditions.
Recent progress on carbon materials for emerging zinc-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Yu Lai , Li Jie , Ahmad Nazir , He Xiaoyue , Wan Guanglin , Liu Rong , Ma Xinyi , Liang Jiacheng , Jiang Zixuan , Zhang Genqiang
Published: March 2024

The fundamental and research progress on carbon materials for zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) is systematically summarized. The existing challenges and perspectives are also proposed to promote the practical applications of high-performance ZHCs.
Simulation‐based optimisation for order release of printed circuit board workshop with process switching constraints
Authors: Yue Lei , Xu Qing , Wang Hao , Rauf Mudassar , Mumtaz Jabir
Published: March 2024

Workload control (WLC) is usually employed to make order release to attain workload balance, satisfactory delivery rate and high production efficiency. However, in the real production environment of printed circuit board (PCB) industries, slight modifications in the product process shifts the bottleneck resources which leads to misjudge the effect of WLC and may ultimately increase the lateness of orders. Therefore, this research focuses on the order release problem of PCB production system considering main process flow and shifting of bottlenecks. At first, certain improvements are proposed on the classic WLC method and two order release control strategies based on process switching are designed to generate order release plan on the basis of Lancaster University Management School Corrected Order Release method. Furthermore, different scheduling rules are investigated along with the upper workload limits on the PCB system simultaneously. Finally, a simulation model is developed to analyse the impact of order release methods on the system performance through simulation experiments. Furthermore, extensive simulation experiments for different scheduling rules on bottleneck resource and different workload upper limit ratios are also carried out in the current research. Simulation results show that the process order release control strategy based on process switching has a strong adaptability in PCB manufacturing system.
An improved seeds scheme in K‐means clustering algorithm for the UAVs control system application
Authors: Bi Qian , Sun Huadong , Qian Cheng , Zhang Ke
Published: March 2024

Clustering algorithm is the primary technology used in target clustering and group status analysis which are key features of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) control system. Due to variable application environment, the stability of the algorithm in the UAVs control system needs to be considered. K‐means clustering is a widely used method in intelligent systems. However, K‐means algorithm is susceptible to the local optimum due to the influence of the initial centroid. For this problem, the predecessors have proposed various effective solutions. These algorithms perform better on real and large‐scale datasets, but they are unable to achieve optimum results with unbalanced datasets. Herein, a simpler and more effective algorithm for seed initialization is proposed, it has a better accuracy rate than the alternative algorithms.Moreover, after running tests multiple times with each algorithm independently, it has the highest stability and the lowest overall volatility. With unbalanced datasets, the proposed algorithm performs significantly better than several other algorithms and therefore can solve the problems that other algorithms have with unbalanced datasets.
Passenger‐based adaptive transit signal priority for BRT systems with multiple loading areas
Authors: Behbahani Hamid , Poorjafari Mohammad
Published: March 2024

An adaptive transit signal priority strategy is presented in this paper with the objective of passenger delay minimization at isolated intersections serving conflicting bus rapid transit (BRT) routes. The proposed passenger‐based adaptive signal priority for BRT systems (PASPB) is designed to optimize both green times and phase sequences at the start of each cycle and for a prespecified decision horizon. Since a public transportation (PT) vehicle travel time model capable of estimating the dwell time at stops with multiple loading areas has not yet been developed, PT vehicle dwell time is modeled in this study by analyzing the cases of passenger service by single or double PT vehicles. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and at each execution, the optimization is conducted by genetic algorithm. The model is deployed to a real‐field intersection with conflicting BRT routes under the SUMO microsimulation environment. The results show that PASPB outperforms the SYNCHRO optimal solution and phase insertion strategy regarding PT passenger delay. Besides, the sensitivity analysis proves that at high demand levels of the PT system or general traffic, PASPB presents the best performance in terms of general traffic, PT, and total passenger delay compared to other models.
Modelling autonomous vehicle parking: An agent‐based simulation approach
Authors: Li Wenhao , Jia Yewen , Ji Yanjie , Blythe Phil , Li Shuo
Published: March 2024

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) present a paradigm shift in addressing conventional parking challenges. Unlike human‐driven vehicles, AVs can strategically park or cruise until summoned by users. Utilizing utility theory, the parking decision‐making processes of AVs users are explored, taking into account constraints related to both cost and time. An agent‐based simulation approach is adopted to construct an AV parking model, reflecting the complex dynamics of the parking decision process in the real world, where each user's choice has a ripple effect on traffic conditions, consequently affecting the feasible options for other users. The simulation experiments indicate that 11.50% of AVs gravitate towards parking lots near their destinations, while over 50% of AVs avoid public parking amenities altogether. This trend towards minimizing individual parking costs prompts AVs to undertake extended empty cruising, resulting in a significant increase of 48.18% in total vehicle mileage. Moreover, the pricing structure across various parking facilities and management dictates the parking preferences of AVs, establishing a nuanced trade‐off between parking expenses and proximity for these vehicles.
Improving the dielectric properties of polypropylene for metallised film capacitors based on cyclic olefin copolymer blending
Authors: Xiao Meng , Zhang Mengdie , Du Boxue , Fan Kailun
Published: March 2024

High conductivity loss and low breakdown strength of traditional polypropylene (PP) film in the high‐temperature environment are the key factors limiting the application of metallised film capacitors (MFCs). The effect of cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) with different glass transition temperatures (Tgs) on the dielectric performance of PP/COC composites at high temperature are studied. The results showed that the addition of COC enhanced the intermolecular interaction force, which led to the reduction of defects in the films. In addition, COC with high Tg inhibits the movement of molecular chains and enhances the thermal stability of the film, which limits the transport of carriers at high temperatures. The conductivity and breakdown strength of the modified films (with a Tg of 134°C for COC) at 125°C are 91.6% lower and 45.7% higher, respectively, than that of pure PP. This method shows great potential in improving the dielectric properties of PP at high temperatures.
Chemical abundances and deviations from the solar S/O ratio in the gas-phase interstellar medium of galaxies based on infrared emission lines
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Borja , Pérez-Montero Enrique , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan A. , Vílchez José M. , Hernán-Caballero Antonio , Amorín Ricardo
Published: March 2024

Context. The infrared (IR) range is extremely useful in the context of chemical abundance studies of the gas-phase interstellar medium (ISM) due to the large variety of ionic species traced in this regime, the negligible effects from dust attenuation or temperature stratification, and the amount of data that has been and will be released in the coming years.

Aims. Taking advantage of available IR emission lines, we analysed the chemical content of the gas-phase ISM in a sample of 131 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and 73 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In particular, we derived the chemical content via their total oxygen abundance in combination with nitrogen and sulphur abundances, and with the ionisation parameter.

Methods. We used a new version of the code HII-CHI-MISTRY-IR v3.1, which allowed us to estimate log(N/O), 12+log(O/H), log(U) and, for the first time, 12+log(S/H) from IR emission lines, which can be applied to both SFGs and AGNs. We tested whether the estimates from this new version, which only considers sulphur lines for the derivation of sulphur abundances, are compatible with previous studies.

Results. While most of the SFGs and AGNs show solar log(N/O) abundances, we find a large spread in the log(S/O) relative abundances. Specifically, we find extremely low log(S/O) values (1/10 solar) in some SFGs and AGNs with solar-like oxygen abundances. This result warns against the use of optical and IR sulphur emission lines to estimate oxygen abundances when no prior estimation of log(S/O) is provided.
Sexuelle Kultur Berlins zwischen Subkultur und Selbstoptimierung. Ein
Seminarkonzept im Rahmen des Studienprogramms Berlin Perspectives an der Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin
Authors: Rinke Stefanie
Published: March 2024

Das Seminar „Sexuelle Kultur Berlins zwischen Subkultur und Selbstoptimierung“ ist ein Angebot des
Studienprogramms Berlin Perspectives der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Es ist für ausländische
Studierende aus aller Welt konzipiert, die sich in ihrem Auslandsstudium mit einem zentralen Merkmal der
Stadt Berlin wissenschaftlich beschäftigen wollen. Das Ziel dieses forschungsorientierten Seminars liegt
in der Stärkung der Forschungskompetenz der Studierenden, die selbst eine eigene Forschungsfrage zur
Gegenwart der sexuellen Kultur in Berlin entwickeln und diese in einer Präsentation und einem
Forschungsportfolio am Ende des Seminars bearbeiten. Der Rahmen des Seminars bietet zum einen
Grundlagenwissen an. Das ist zunächst a) die Seminarthese, dass die sexuelle Kultur Berlins nicht einfach
nur frei gelebte Sexualität ist, sondern dass sie dem globalen ökonomischen Regime der sexuellen
Selbstoptimierung untersteht. Besonders in Berlin fällt die sexuelle Selbstoptimierung auf fruchtbaren
Boden, wie anhand b) der lokalen Geschichte der sexuellen Kultur der Stadt von der Moderne bis zur
Gegenwart beleuchtet wird. Die Studierenden präsentieren im zweiten Teil des Seminars ihre
Forschungsprojekte zur Gegenwart. Themen sind u. a. sexpositive Räume, Praktiken wie Kink (BDSM, Bondage,
Fetisch) und Tantra, sexuelle Identitäten und ihre Verhandlung (LGBTQAI+, FLINTA* etc.), neue
Beziehungsformen (Polyamorie vs. Monogamie, Online-Dating), sexpositiver Aktivismus und Medien
(Pornografie) sexueller Kultur.
Thrombosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: The Current Understanding
Authors: Sabljic Nikica , Mitrovic Mirjana , Pantic Nikola , Thachil Jecko
Published: March 2024

Despite enormous improvement in the management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the distinctive coagulopathy observed at presentation in affected patients is often life-threatening. While hemorrhagic manifestations are well known and described in this setting, APL-related thromboses are underappreciated. Data regarding this complication are scarce showing variable incidence. Furthermore, risk factors for thrombosis are inconsistent and unreliable; so, differentiation of increased risk of hemorrhage from an increased thrombotic risk is quite difficult in the absence of adequate predictive scores. Besides, prophylactic use of anticoagulants and recombinant thrombomodulin are a matter of ongoing debate. Also, due to the common feature of thrombocytopenia and other hemorrhagic risks, patients with APL are excluded from trials analyzing anticoagulant prophylaxis in cancers; so, data from prospective trials are lacking. A detailed analysis of thrombotic risks in APL with the development of a reliable risk stratification model is needed to further improve the care of APL patients.
Interview mit der Fachberatungsstelle Allerd!ngs – Support Sexwork
Thüringen
Authors: Döring Nicola
Published: March 2024

Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag stellt die Fachberatungsstelle Allerd!ngs – Support Sexwork
Thüringen mit Sitz in der Landeshauptstadt Erfurt vor (https://allerdings-thueringen.de/). Gefördert von der
Thüringer Beauftragten für die Gleichstellung von Frau und Mann setzt sich die Beratungsstelle
für Chancengerechtigkeit und gesellschaftliche Teilhabe von Sexarbeitenden ein und unterstützt die
selbstbestimmte, einvernehmliche Sexarbeit. Bei Fällen von Menschenhandel kooperiert Allerd!ngs mit der
bekom Thüringen – Fachberatungsstelle für Betroffene von Menschenhandel. In Form eines
Interviews mit den beiden Fachberaterinnen wird der Arbeitsalltag in der Beratungsstelle beschrieben.
Dabei stehen die Anliegen der in der Sexarbeit tätigen Menschen in Thüringen im Zentrum.
Audit of hemostatic clip use after colorectal polyp resection in an academic endoscopy unit
Authors: Stark Easton M. , Lahr Rachel E. , Shultz Jeremiah , Vemulapalli Krishna C. , Guardiola John J. , Rex Douglas K.
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims Prophylactic closure of endoscopic resection defects reduces delayed hemorrhage after resection of non-pedunculated colorectal lesions ≥ 20 mm that are located proximal to the splenic flexure and removed by electrocautery. The risk of delayed hemorrhage after cold (without electrocautery) resection is much lower, and prophylactic clip closure after cold resection is generally unnecessary. The aim of this study was to audit clip use after colorectal polyp resection in routine outpatient colonoscopies at two outpatient centers within an academic medical center. Patients referred for resection of known lesions were excluded.

Patients and methods Retrospective chart analysis was performed as part of a quality review of physician adherence to screening and post-polypectomy surveillance intervals.

Results Among 3784 total lesions resected cold by 29 physicians, clips were placed after cold resection on 41.7% of 12 lesions ≥ 20 mm, 19.3% of 207 lesions 10 to 19 mm in size, and 2.8% of 3565 lesions 1 to 9 mm in size. Three physicians placed clips after cold resection of lesions 1 to 9 mm in 18.8%, 25.5%, and 45.0% of cases. These physicians accounted for 8.1% of 1- to 9-mm resections, but 69.7% of clips placed in this size range. Electrocautery was used for 3.1% of all resections. Clip placement overall after cold resection (3.9%) was much lower than after resection with electrocautery (71.1%), but 62.4% of all clips placed were after cold resection.

Conclusions Audits of clip use in an endoscopy practice can reveal surprising findings, including high and variable rates of unnecessary use after cold resection. Audit can potentially reduce unnecessary costs, carbon emissions, and plastic waste.
Effectiveness of Patient Rights Education Program on Knowledge among Nurses in a Selected Hospital at Mangalore
Authors: Halder Smita , M. Nalini , Shetty Sukesh
Published: March 2024

Background Patient rights are basic rules of conduct between patients, medical care providers, and the institutions and the people supporting them. Patient Right Education program provides an opportunity to improve nurses knowledge about patient rights. It fosters communication between patients and nurses, which helps achieve patient satisfaction and reduce the number of violations cases of patient's rights in the hospital. This study aims to find the effectiveness of patient rights education programs among nurses.

Materials and Methods A quasiexperimental approach and one group pretest posttest design were adopted for this study. One hundred subjects were selected through a convenient sampling technique in the selected tertiary Hospital, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. A pretest was conducted on the first day using a structured knowledge questionnaire, and the patient rights education program was conducted for the participants on the same day. The posttest was conducted on the 7th day after the education program.

Results Among 100 nurses, the posttest knowledge score (9.67 + 1.67) regarding patients' rights was more than the pretest knowledge (7.43 + 1.67) score. The paired t-test showed that the calculated p-value was 19.381, more than the t
ab value of 1.98. Hence, it was found that the program effectively improved the knowledge by showing the difference in mean knowledge score at a 5% significance level. For item-wise comparison, McNemar's test was used, and there was an improvement in 50% of patient rights items.

Conclusion This study concluded that nurses need a proper awareness system about patient rights for nurses in hospital settings.
Determination of Sex of an Individual by Frontal Sinus Using Multidetector Computed Tomography Scan: A Retrospective Forensic Study
Authors: Patel Jinal , Debnath Manna , Ojha Santosh , Sharma Dolly
Published: March 2024

Objectives An important aspect of forensic investigation is determining the sex of an unidentified person. The frontal sinus is unique and remains intact, thus making it suitable for forensic analysis. The main objective of this study is to determine the sex of an individual by frontal sinus using a multidetector computed tomography scan.

Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) were included in the study, and different parameters of the frontal sinus for both sides were analyzed, that is height, width, depth, and total length.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics of all the variables were computed and compared. SPSS version 16 was used to perform the Mann–Whitney U test, binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on the acquired data.

Results The result suggested that males have higher mean values than females, with the left frontal sinus height being the only variable to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the ROC curve analysis, the optimum cutoff value was 0.489, which means if the predicted probability value was less than 0.489, the individual was considered a male; and if the predicted probability value was ≥0.489, the individual was considered a female. The accuracy of the mathematical model based on binary logistic regression analysis for determining sex was 70% for females and 66% for males.

Conclusion The present study plays a significant role in determining sex in the Indian population by using left frontal sinus height measurement through a multidetector computed tomography scan.
Non-Healing Abscess of Myositis Cured with Homoeopathy Treatment: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Sivakumar K. , Gouthamy S.
Published: March 2024

Myositis is an infectious disease that affects skeletal muscle and may appear as a diffuse inflammation or a rapidly progressive myonecrotic process that often results in abscess development. It is most common in thigh muscles. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism, accounting for 90% of cases. Pyomyositis diagnosis can be challenging due to neglect of initial symptoms, and usually presents with fever and muscle pain. Standard antibiotic treatment is the mainstay. However, it can be effectively treated with homoeopathic medicines by considering local pathology and other individualised characteristics. A 58-year-old male patient consulted with a non-healing abscess of myositis with multi-morbid conditions. Initially treated in outpatient department without any positive change, he was later admitted to inpatient department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health, Kottayam, and treated for 45 days. Merc. sol. 0/1 was given as the first prescription and repeated as required in the follow-up visits. Syphilinum 200 was given as an intercurrent remedy to address predominant syphilitic miasm. Abscess of myositis was cured, and diabetes and hypertension were under control. There was an improvement in sensorineural deafness in both ears, and his craving for alcohol was also reduced. The changes in outcome and causal attribution were assessed using the Modified Naranjo Criteria. The score was +9, close to the maximum (13), showing positive relationship between homoeopathic intervention and the outcome. This case proves the positive role of homoeopathic medicines intervention in treating non-healing abscess of myositis associated with multimorbidities.
Frederic Lewy: how the two World Wars changed his life, work, and name
Authors: Sousa-Santos Patrick Emanuell Mesquita , Pozzobon Pedro Machry , Teixeira Igor de Lima e
Published: March 2024

In 1912, Friedrich Lewy described the inclusion bodies present in Parkinson disease and in Lewy body dementia. Throughout his life, Lewy fought in two wars – on opposite sides. He was born in Berlin in a Jewish family, and served in the German Army in World War I. In the following years, on many occasions he had to change his line of research due to Nazi persecution. Lewy became a naturalized American, changed his name to Frederic Henry Lewey, and served in the US Army as a lieutenant colonel. Lewy died in 1950 and never used the famous eponym in his papers.
Sequencing, Physiological Regulation, and Representative Disease Research Progress of RNA m6A Modification
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Li Yuanyuan , Gan Youfang , Guo Yuyang , Zhou Hongling , Wang Rui
Published: March 2024

To date, more than 150 chemical modifications have been disclosed in different RNA species, which are employed to diversify the structure and function of RNA in living organisms. The N
6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which is found in the adenosine N
6 site of RNA, has been demonstrated to be the most heavy modification in the mRNA in cells. Moreover, the m6A modification in mRNAs of mammalian and other eukaryotic cells is highly conserved and mandatorily encoded. Increasing evidence indicates that the m6A modification plays a pivotal role in gene-expression regulation and cell-fate decisions. Here, we summarize the most recent m6A-sequencing technology, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying its occurrence, development, and potential use as a target for the treatment of human diseases. Furthermore, our review highlights other newly discovered chemical modifications of RNA that are associated with human disease, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. Thus, significant advancements have been made in qualitative/quantitative m6A detection and high-throughput sequencing, and research linking this RNA modification to disease. Efforts toward simplified and more accessible chemical/biological technologies that contribute to precision medicine are ongoing, to benefit society and patients alike.
Influence of wind barrier on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle on railway–highway combined bridge
Authors: Wu Cong , Xiang Min , Zheng Zhenhua , Ren Jianying
Published: March 2024

Wind barriers with different parameters will change the aerodynamic force of the car on the bridge as well as the stability of the vehicle–bridge system, affecting the vehicle’s safety and comfort. A numerical simulation test was conducted on the bridge-deck with three different air permeability wind barriers under three distinct vehicles of varying sizes and wind directions, with a large-span road–rail asymmetric cable-stayed bridge serving as the engineering foundation. The results show that the roll force of the bridge is proportional to the width of the body and inversely related to the height of the train. The roll force of a vehicle is inversely proportional to its height and width. The type of vehicle and the properties of the bridge deck exert minimal influence on the stability of the bridge when a single vehicle is positioned upstream. When a single vehicle is situated downstream, the tri-component force coefficient of the bridge undergoes significant changes, and the vehicle’s impact on the bridge’s stability becomes more pronounced. When the bridge deck’s ventilation rate is at 50%, the drag coefficient of the bridge deck doubles compared to that of a bare bridge deck, and the wind pressure coefficient of the vehicle surface on the bridge approaches zero. In scenarios involving two vehicles, the shielding effect caused by the vehicles positioned upstream and downstream results in a substantial shift in the aerodynamic forces acting on the two vehicles. This increases the wake width of the bridge and generates a visible vortex in the wake.
Parameter extraction of solar cell models using improved war strategy algorithm
Authors: Xiao Wenbo , Zhou Heng , Xiao Bangzhi
Published: March 2024

A study proposed an improved war strategy algorithm called the chaos genetic manifestation war strategy algorithm (CGM-WSO) to extract parameters of solar cell model. The CGM-WSO algorithm incorporates three improvement measures. First, it introduces the logistic–tent chaos map to enable random perturbation during initialization. Second, it utilizes the crossover and mutation operators of the genetic algorithm to enhance the algorithm’s ability to escape local optima. Finally, the Lambert W function is employed to obtain explicit analytic expressions of single and double diode models. The performance of the CGM-WSO algorithm was validated using several cell’s models, and the results demonstrated significantly improved accuracy, reliability, and convergence speed compared to other algorithms.
The training process of many deep networks explores the same low-dimensional manifold
Authors: Mao Jialin , Griniasty Itay , Teoh Han Kheng , Ramesh Rahul , Yang Rubing , Transtrum Mark K. , Sethna James P. , Chaudhari Pratik
Published: March 2024

We develop information-geometric techniques to analyze the trajectories of the predictions of deep networks during training. By examining the underlying high-dimensional probabilistic models, we reveal that the training process explores an effectively low-dimensional manifold. Networks with a wide range of architectures, sizes, trained using different optimization methods, regularization techniques, data augmentation techniques, and weight initializations lie on the same manifold in the prediction space. We study the details of this manifold to find that networks with different architectures follow distinguishable trajectories, but other factors have a minimal influence; larger networks train along a similar manifold as that of smaller networks, just faster; and networks initialized at very different parts of the prediction space converge to the solution along a similar manifold.
Heritability within groups is uninformative about differences among groups: Cases from behavioral, evolutionary, and statistical genetics
Authors: Schraiber Joshua G. , Edge Michael D.
Published: March 2024

Without the ability to control or randomize environments (or genotypes), it is difficult to determine the degree to which observed phenotypic differences between two groups of individuals are due to genetic vs. environmental differences. However, some have suggested that these concerns may be limited to pathological cases, and methods have appeared that seem to give—directly or indirectly—some support to claims that aggregate heritable variation within groups can be related to heritable variation among groups. We consider three families of approaches: the “between-group heritability” sometimes invoked in behavior genetics, the statistic

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used in empirical work in evolutionary quantitative genetics, and methods based on variation in ancestry in an admixed population, used in anthropological and statistical genetics. We take up these examples to show mathematically that information on within-group genetic and phenotypic information in the aggregate cannot separate among-group differences into genetic and environmental components, and we provide simulation results that support our claims. We discuss these results in terms of the long-running debate on this topic.
No-Reversal Constraint and beyond
Authors: Akkuş Faruk
Published: March 2024

This study investigates various un(der)studied word-internal language mixing patterns among Turkish, Anatolian
Arabic and Northern Kurdish, in the context of both verbal and nominal domains. The examination of these patterns reveals various
theoretical implications. First, head-directionality may change as a result of language contact. Second, in some instances,
certain functional categories are borrowed as semantically vacuous heads, and are identical to their bare counterparts (cf. Marantz 2013; Anagnostopoulou and Samioti
2014). Therefore, such semantically empty heads are ignored for meaning. Moreover, informed by the rarely-discussed
trilingual language-mixing contexts, the study demonstrates that various formal approaches to code-switching which rely on either
a distinction between functional vs lexical categories or phasehood as the defining constraint on code-switching are not tenable
(e.g., Poplack 1981; Belazi et al. 1994;
López et al. 2017). This study demonstrates language mixing is more permissive for
the languages in question than would be predicted by these approaches, and proposes the No-Reversal Constraint,
whose governing restriction is that code-switching does not allow a switch back to a language that has already been externalized
earlier in the derivation.
A protocol for the annotation of evaluative stance and metaphor across four discourse genres
Authors: Hidalgo-Downing Laura , Pérez-Sobrino Paula , Filardo-Llamas Laura , Maíz-Arévalo Carmen , Núñez-Perucha Begoña , Sánchez-Moya Alfonso , Williams Camus Julia T.
Published: March 2024

The present article contributes to research on evaluation by addressing two complementary objectives: first, we
present a protocol for the identification and annotation of evaluation in English discourse and, second, we show the results of
the implementation of the protocol in the annotation of evaluation in a sample of a corpus of four genres. We first describe the
protocol by discussing the theoretical and methodological grounding of the annotation scheme, the criteria, the categories, the
steps for the implementation of the protocol and an illustrative example of the application of the protocol to a short extract. We
subsequently provide the preliminary results of a pilot study with the frequency of evaluative expressions across the four genres.
Results show that while adjectives and non-metaphoric evaluative expressions are overall more frequent, there are differences
regarding the preference for positive or negative value and regarding the frequency of function.
Physical insights into trapping effects on vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs from TCAD
Authors: Zagni Nicolò , Fregolent Manuel , Fiol Andrea Del , Favero Davide , Bergamin Francesco , Verzellesi Giovanni , Santi Carlo De , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Huber Christian , Meneghini Matteo , Pavan Paolo
Published: March 2024

Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications. Being still in an early development phase, vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their development. In this work, we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs (TMOS’s) provided by TCAD simulations, enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization approaches. Specifically, two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis (H) and subthreshold slope (SS), showing a ≈ 75% H reduction along with a ≈ 30% SS decrease. Simulations allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps, respectively. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out, allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.
Behavior of exciton in direct−indirect band gap Al
x
Ga1−x
As crystal lattice quantum wells
Authors: Sun Yong , Zhang Wei , Han Shuang , An Ran , Tang Xin-Sheng , Yu Xin-Lei , Miao Xiu-Juan , Ma Xin-Jun , Xianglian  , Li Pei-Fang , Zhao Cui-Lan , Ding Zhao-Hua , Xiao Jing-Lin
Published: March 2024

Excitons have significant impacts on the properties of semiconductors. They exhibit significantly different properties when a direct semiconductor turns in to an indirect one by doping. Huybrecht variational method is also found to influence the study of exciton ground state energy and ground state binding energy in Al
x
Ga1−x
As semiconductor spherical quantum dots. The Al
x
Ga1−x
As is considered to be a direct semiconductor at Al concentration below 0.45, and an indirect one at the concentration above 0.45. With regards to the former, the ground state binding energy increases and decreases with Al concentration and eigenfrequency, respectively; however, while the ground state energy increases with Al concentration, it is marginally influenced by eigenfrequency. On the other hand, considering the latter, while the ground state binding energy increases with Al concentration, it decreases with eigenfrequency; nevertheless, the ground state energy increases both with Al concentration and eigenfrequency. Hence, for the better practical performance of the semiconductors, the properties of the excitons are suggested to vary by adjusting Al concentration and eigenfrequency
Design and commissioning of a Silicon Photomultiplier-based dosimeter for Low Dose Rate (LDR) oncological brachytherapy
Authors: Burdyko A. , Caccia M. , Giaz A. , Santoro R. , Tomaciello G.
Published: March 2024

Brachytherapy is a radiotherapy procedure performed with radioactive sources implanted into the patient's body, close to the area affected by cancer. This is a reference procedure for the treatment of prostate and gynecologic cancer due to the reduction of the dose released close to organs at risk (e.g., rectum, bladder, colon). For this reason, real-time dose verification and source localisation are essential for an optimal treatment plan. The ORIGIN collaboration aims to achieve this goal through a 16-fibre sensor system, designed
to house a small volume of scintillating material in a transparent fibre tip to enable point-like measurements.
The selected scintillating materials feature a decay time of about 500 μs and the signal associated with the primary γ-ray interaction results in the emission of a sequence of single photons distributed over time. Therefore, the dosimeter requires a detector with single-photon sensitivity and a system designed to provide dose measurements by photon counting.
Uniformity of fibre response, system stability and reproducibility of measurements are key features of the dosimeter. The characterisation of the 16-channel dosimeter system equipped with thermo-electrically cooled Silicon Photomultipliers, carried out in the laboratory using an X-ray cabinet, is discussed and the results are compared with an earlier version equipped with SiPMs operated at room temperature.
Low-energy ion beam diagnostics: an integrated solution
Authors: Adıgüzel A. , Çetinkaya H. , Esen Ş. , Halis D. , İlhan T.B. , Kılıçgedik A. , Oğur S. , Öz S. , Özbey A. , Özcan V.E. , Ünel N.G.
Published: March 2024

High gradient accelerator injectors have been widely studied
throughout the world-leading accelerator facilities. The demand for
high frequency cavities has led the Detector, Accelerator and
instrumentation laboratory (KAHVELab) in Istanbul to deploy a
four-vane Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz to
accelerate 20 keV protons to 2 MeV. The protons from the
microwave discharge ion source are transversely matched to the RFQ
via an optimized Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line which also
contains an integrated measurement station, called measurement
station (MBOX). The MBOX is used to measure the proton beam's
current along with pulse length duration, profile as well as the
beam emittance upstream of the RFQ. It contains a number of
home-built diagnostic tools: a Faraday cup, a scintillator screen
and a pepper pot plate (PP). The analysis software is also locally
developed and tested for the PP photo analysis. In this note, the
design, construction and tests of the integrated measurement station
are discussed. The results from various measurements, especially on
beam profile and charge, are compared to the simulation
predictions.
Nuclear deformation and cell division of single cell on elongated micropatterned substrates fabricated by DMD lithography
Authors: Zhang Duo , Wu Wenjie , Zhang Wanying , Feng Qiyu , Zhang Qingchuan , Liang Haiyi
Published: March 2024

Cells sense mechanical signals from the surrounding environment and transmit them to the nucleus through mechanotransduction to regulate cellular behavior. Microcontact printing, which utilizes elastomer stamps, is an effective method for simulating the cellular microenvironment and manipulating cell morphology. However, the conventional fabrication process of silicon masters and elastomer stamps requires complex procedures and specialized equipment, which restricts the widespread application of micropatterning in cell biology and hinders the investigation of the role of cell geometry in regulating cell behavior. In this study, we present an innovative method for convenient resin stamp microfabrication based on digital micromirror device planar lithography. Using this method, we generated a series of patterns ranging from millimeter to micrometer scales and validated their effectiveness in controlling adhesion at both collective and individual cell levels. Additionally, we investigated mechanotransduction and cell behavior on elongated micropatterned substrates. We then examined the effects of cell elongation on cytoskeleton organization, nuclear deformation, focal adhesion formation, traction force generation, nuclear mechanics, and the growth of HeLa cells. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between cell length and mechanotransduction. Interestingly, HeLa cells with moderate length exhibit the highest cell division and proliferation rates. These results highlight the regulatory role of cell elongation in mechanotransduction and its significant impact on cancer cell growth. Furthermore, our methodology for controlling cell adhesion holds the potential for addressing fundamental questions in both cell biology and biomedical engineering.
Hölder regularity of solutions and physical quantities for the ideal electron magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Liu Jitao , He Guoliang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we make the first attempt to figure out the differences on Hölder regularity in time of solutions and conserved physical quantities between the ideal electron magnetohydrodynamic equations concerning Hall term and the incompressible Euler equations involving convection term. It is shown that the regularity in time of magnetic field

B
B

is

C

t

α
2

C_{t}^{\frac {\alpha }2}

provided it belongs to

L

t

∞

C

x

α

L_{t}^{\infty } C_{x}^{\alpha }

for any

α
>
0

\alpha >0

, its energy is

C

t

2
α

2
−
α

C_{t}^{\frac {2\alpha }{2-\alpha }}

as long as

B
B

belongs to

L

t

∞

B
˙

3
,
∞

α

L_{t}^{\infty } \dot {B}^{\alpha }_{3,\infty }

for any

0
>
α
>
1

0>\alpha >1

and its magnetic helicity is

C

t

2
α
+
1

2
−
α

C_{t}^{\frac {2\alpha +1}{2-\alpha }}

supposing

B
B

belongs to

L

t

∞

B
˙

3
,
∞

α

L_{t}^{\infty } \dot {B}^{\alpha }_{3,\infty }

for any

0
>
α
>

1
2

0>\alpha >\frac 12

, which are quite different from the classical incompressible Euler equations.
Analyzing clinical laboratory specimen rejection rates at a specialized hospital in Ethiopia: A 2-year document review
Authors: Deress Teshiwal , Abebaw Yeshewas , Esayas Yezena , Nebertu Semegn , Kinidie Meseret , Abebe Germaw , Bayleyegn Biruk
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for effective patient care, but the rejection of specimens within laboratories can have serious consequences.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2021 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital laboratory. Two years of laboratory data were collected from laboratory log books and analyzed to determine trends in specimen rejection rates and identify potential reasons for those rejections.

Results

We analyzed 114,439 specimens, of which 786 (0.70%) were rejected. The hematology service exhibited the highest rejection rate, at 273 (0.2%). The main reasons for specimen rejection were specimens without requests or requests without specimens (40.2%), poor smear preparation (12.3%), clotted specimens (11.3%), and labeling problems (8.0%).

Conclusions

This study emphasized a significant incidence of specimen rejection, particularly in the hematology laboratory, underscoring the need for immediate implementation of corrective actions and preventive measures. Furthermore, conducting comprehensive larger-scale studies is recommended to deepen our understanding of and investigate the specific factors contributing to specimen rejection in greater detail.