bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Polymorphisms and Peritoneal Membrane Function
Authors: Siddique Imad , Brimble K. Scott , Walkin Louise , Summers Angela , Brenchley Paul , Herrick Sarah , Margetts Peter J.
Published: November 2014

Background

Outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are affected by the characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, which may be determined by genetic variants. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to identify studies which assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms, peritoneal membrane solute transport, and clinical outcomes for PD patients.

Methods

The National Library of Medicine was searched using a variety of strategies. Studies which met our inclusion criteria were reviewed and data abstracted. Our outcomes of interest included: high transport status peritoneal membrane, risk for peritonitis, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), patient and technique survival. We combined data from studies which evaluated the same genetic polymorphism and the same outcome.

Results

We evaluated 18 relevant studies. All studies used a candidate gene approach. Gene polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-6 gene were associated with peritoneal membrane solute transport in several studies in different ethnic populations. Associations with solute transport and polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and receptor for advanced glycation end product genes were also identified. There was evidence of a genetic predisposition for peritonitis found in 2 studies, and for EPS in 1 study. Survival was found to be associated with a polymorphism in vascular endothelial growth factor and technique failure was associated with a polymorphism in the IL-1 receptor antagonist.

Conclusions

There is evidence that characteristics of the peritoneal membrane and clinical outcomes for PD patients have genetic determinants. The most consistent association was between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and peritoneal membrane solute transport.
Censure, féminisme et traduction : Le deuxième sexe de Simone de Beauvoir en catalan
Authors: Godayol Pilar , Potez Pichot Bernadette
Published: November 2014

Le deuxième sexe de Simone de Beauvoir fut le second essai féministe qui parvint en Catalogne pendant le franquisme, après des décennies sans traductions d’œuvres étrangères, supposées être idéologiques et subversives puisque ne correspondant pas au régime. Cet article veut étudier, pour la première fois, le long chemin bureaucratique que suivit le texte de Simone de Beauvoir avant de pouvoir être publié en catalan, du moment où le permis d’imprimer fut demandé à la censure jusqu’à l’obtention de l’autorisation définitive. Après avoir replacé les traductions en catalan de Simone de Beauvoir dans leur contexte, l’essentiel de l’article porte sur l’étude des dossiers de censure de la traduction catalane du Deuxième sexe , consultés aux Archives générales de l’administration civile de l’État (AGA) d’Alcalá de Henares.
Cloud Security
Authors: Csicsmann Natasha , McIntyre Victoria , Shea Patrick , Rizvi Syed S.
Published: November 2014

Strong authentication and encryption schemes help cloud stakeholders in performing the robust and accurate cloud auditing of a potential service provider. All security-related issues and challenges, therefore, need to be addressed before a ubiquitous adoption of cloud computing. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of existing biometrics-based security technologies and discuss some of the open research issues that need to be addressed for making biometric technology an effective tool for cloud computing security. Finally, this chapter provides a performance analysis on the use of large-scale biometrics-based authentication systems for different cloud computing platforms.
A Practical Approach on Virtual Machine Live Migration
Authors: Das Prashanta Kumar
Published: November 2014

Virtualization technology enables organizations to take the benefit of different services, operating systems, and software without increasing their IT infrastructure liabilities. Live migration of virtual machine is the key features of the virtualization. It allows the administrator to move the virtual machine from one physical machine to another physical machine without any interruption. This technique is widely used for load balancing, server maintenance, and resource consolidation. The virtual machine migration problem consists of four distinct steps. The first step is to select the host from where VM migrated. After selecting, the host next step is to select the VM, which is migrated. The third step is to select the host where the migrated VM will be placed, and the last step is to decide the method, which is used to transfer the VM. This chapter covers all the basic information related to VM migration.
Navigating Practice-Informed Evidence and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Pack Margaret
Published: November 2014

This chapter explores social workers' application of practice evidence in their everyday work in team and agency contexts. Practice evidence concerns the practitioner seeking the best available knowledge, accessed, adapted, and applied to guide practice with clients. How social workers decide which sources to draw from and which are appropriate sources of evidence for practice is based on many considerations. These include the social worker's values and ethics for practice, legislative and policy requirements, professional standards of practice, and the range of theories applied to any case or situation encountered in practice. Practice wisdom, or the experience gained in the repetition of seeing the same kind of client presentations across time, produces a further source which is drawn upon within the social worker's repertoire of knowledge. In this sense, there are multiple knowledge frameworks within which social workers operate, balancing contradictory and competing discourses about “what works” in any practice situation.
Recruiting and Engaging Men as Fathers in Social Work Practice
Authors: Fleming Joseph , King Andrew , Hunt Tara
Published: November 2014

Evidence in the research literature suggests that men are usually not engaged by social workers, particularly in child welfare and child protection settings. Mothers also tend to become the focus of intervention, even when there is growing evidence that men can take an active and important role in a child's development in addition to providing support to the mother and family. Whilst there have been some promising developments in including men in social work practice internationally, there remains a gap in the research regarding the engagement of men as fathers in Australia. Given the growing relevance of the topic of fathers, the purpose of this chapter is to add to the current knowledge base, to support social work students and practitioners to engage with men in their role as fathers, and to offer an evidence-based practice model that may assist social workers in their work with men as fathers.
Best Practice in Responding to Critical Incidents and Potentially Traumatic Experience within an Organisational Setting
Authors: Adamson Carole
Published: November 2014

This chapter addresses best practice for organisational support after critical incidents and traumatic events within social work. Critical incidents are situations and incidents within workplace settings or roles, which, whilst able to be anticipated and planned for, have the potential to create a sense of emergency, crisis, and extreme stress, or have a traumatic impact on those directly or indirectly affected. Alongside the notion of critical incidents are concepts of debriefing, psychological debriefing, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), and Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM). Debate about debriefing models has concerned their effectiveness and safety; the terms being loaded with meaning and tensions between scientific and holistic paradigms and between academic and practitioner perspectives. The chapter suggests areas of research and exploration for agency managers and senior practitioners wishing to make sense of the debates and enables the reader to consider best practice for critical incident response within organisational settings.
Near-Infrared Light Therapy to Attenuate Strength Loss After Strenuous Resistance Exercise
Authors: Larkin-Kaiser Kelly A. , Christou Evangelos , Tillman Mark , George Steven , Borsa Paul A.
Published: November 2014

Context:

Near-infrared (NIR) light therapy is purported to act as an ergogenic aid by enhancing the contractile function of skeletal muscle. Improving muscle function is a new avenue for research in the area of laser therapy; however, very few researchers have examined the ergogenic effects of NIR light therapy and the influence it may have on the recovery process during rehabilitation.

Objective:

To evaluate the ergogenic effect of NIR light therapy on skeletal muscle function.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

Controlled laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Thirty-nine healthy men (n = 21) and women (n = 18; age = 20.0 ± 0.2 years, height = 169 ± 2 cm, mass = 68.4 ± 1.8 kg, body mass index = 23.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2).

Intervention(s):

Each participant received active and sham treatments on the biceps brachii muscle on 2 separate days. The order of treatment was randomized. A class 4 laser with a cumulative dose of 360 J was used for the active treatment. After receiving the treatment on each day, participants completed an elbow-flexion resistance-exercise protocol.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The dependent variables were elbow range of motion, muscle point tenderness, and strength (peak torque). Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess changes in these measures between treatments at baseline and at follow-up, 48 hours postexercise. Additionally, immediate strength loss postexercise was compared between treatments using a paired t test.

Results:

Preexercise to postexercise strength loss for the active laser treatment, although small, was less than with the sham treatment (P = .05).

Conclusions:

Applied to skeletal muscle before resistance exercise, NIR light therapy effectively attenuated strength loss. Therefore, NIR light therapy may be a beneficial, noninvasive modality for improving muscle function during rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury. However, future studies using higher treatment doses are warranted.
A survey of feline leukaemia virus infection of domestic cats from selected areas in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muchaamba Francis , Mutiringindi Takudzwa H. , Tivapasi Musavenga T. , Dhliwayo Solomon , Matope Gift
Published: November 2014

A cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) p27 antigen and to determine risk factors and the haematological changes associated with infection in domestic cats in Zimbabwe. Sera were collected for detection of the p27 antigen, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels, whilst whole blood was collected for haematology. FeLV p27 antigen was detected using a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit. Data on risk factors were analysed using a logistic regression model. Of the 100 cats tested, 41% (95% CI: 31.19% – 50.81%) (41/100) were positive for the FeLV p27 antigen. Sex and health status of cats were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with infection. Intact cats (OR = 9.73), those living in multicat housing (OR = 5.23) and cats that had access to outdoor life (OR = 35.5) were found to have higher odds of infection compared with neutered cats, those living in single-cat housing, and without access to outdoor life, respectively. Biochemistry and haematology revealed no specific changes. The results showed that FeLV infection was high in sampled cats, providing evidence of active infection. Thus, it would be prudent to introduce specific control measures for FeLV infection in Zimbabwe.
Where there is no morphine: The challenge and hope of palliative care delivery in Tanzania
Authors: Hartwig Kristopher , Dean Mervyn , Hartwig Kari , Mmbando Paul Z. , Sayed Abduraoof , De Vries Elma
Published: November 2014

Background: In Tanzania, a country of 42 million, access to oral morphine is rare.Aim: To demonstrate the effectiveness of palliative care teams in reducing patients’ pain and in increasing other positive life qualities in the absence of morphine; and to document the psychological burden experienced by their clinical providers, trained in morphine delivery, as they observed their patients suffering and in extreme pain.Setting: One hundred and forty-fie cancer patients were included from 13 rural hospitals spread across Tanzania.Method: A mixed method study beginning with a retrospective quantitative analysis of cancer patients who were administered the APCA African POS tool four times. Bivariate analyses of the scores at time one and four were compared across the domains. The qualitative arm included an analysis of interviews with six nurses, each with more than fie years’ palliative care experience and no access to strong opioids.Results: Patients and their family caregivers identifid statistically signifiant (p < 0.001) improvements in all of the domains. Thematic analysis of nurse interviews described the patient and family benefis from palliative care but also their great distress when ‘bad cases’ arose who would likely benefi only from oral morphine.Conclusion: People living with chronic cancer-related pain who receive palliative care experience profound physical, spiritual and emotional benefis even without oral morphine. These results demonstrate the need for continued advocacy to increase the availability of oral morphine in these settings in addition to palliative care services.
Mathematics-for-teaching: Insights from the case of annuities
Authors: Pournara Craig
Published: November 2014

Shulman’s notations of subject matter knowledge (SMK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) have been very influential in education research on teachers’ knowledge for teaching. However, there is little empirical evidence in support of these as separate analytical constructs. Furthermore, attempts to distinguish SMK and PCK highlight the complex and multidimensional nature of teachers’ knowledge and hence the difficulty of separating SMK and PCK. The author adopts the notion of mathematics-for-teaching (MfT) and argues that teachers’ knowledge for teaching annuities comprises knowledge of mathematical aspects, knowledge of pedagogical aspects and contextual knowledge of finance. Drawing from a larger study in which the author taught a financial mathematics course to pre-service secondary mathematics teachers, four examples of teachers’ knowledge for teaching annuities are identified, each of which illustrates how knowledge of mathematics, knowledge of pedagogy and contextual knowledge of finance are intertwined.
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Progesterone Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Tsompos Constantinos , Panoulis Constantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Zografos George , Papalois Apostolos
Published: November 2014

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of erythropoietin on rat model, particularly in ischemia reperfusion protocol. The beneficial or other effects of that molecule were studied estimating the mean blood progesterone levels.

Materials and methods

Forty rats were used of mean weight 247.7 gm. Progesterone levels were measured 60 minutes after reperfusion for groups A and C and 120 minutes after reperfusion for groups B and D. Groups A and B without the drug but C and D with erythropoietin administration.

Results

That erythropoietin administration nonsignificantly increased the progesterone levels by 4.235501 nmol/l (—13.07804 nmol/l — 21.54904 nmol/l) (p = 0.6233). This finding was in accordance with the results of paired t-test (p = 0.6724). Reperfusion time nonsignificantly decreased the progesterone levels by —0.2034999 nmol/l (—17.5727 nmol/l — 17.1657 nmol/l) (p = 0.9812), also in accordance with paired t-test (p = 0.9821). However, erythropoietin administration and reperfusion time together nonsignificantly increased the progesterone levels by 1.713364 nmol/l (—8.74561 nmol/l — 12.17234 nmol/l) (p = 0.7420).

Conclusion

Results of this study indicate that Epo decreases the predicted progesterone levels by 4.7 to 8.8%. This decreasing effect although non-significant is reinforced along time. Perhaps, a longer study time than 2 hours may provide clearer and significant effect.

How to cite this article

Tsompos C, Panoulis C, Toutouzas K, Zografos G, Papalois A. The Effect of Erythropoietin on Progesterone Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):65-70.
Seasonal Trends in the Occurrence of Eclampsia
Authors: Malik Ahmad , Kausar Shaheen , Bashir Alia , Qureshi Mamoon Akbar
Published: November 2014

Background

Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major obstetric complications with unclear etiologies. Understanding the exact association with different weather patterns may help us in understanding what factors may be involved in triggering these events. Lower temperature, higher humidity and lower barometric pressure are linked to eclampsia.

Objective

To know the relation between variations of weather and incidence of eclampsia in patients presenting in, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.

Materials and methods

Total number of deliveries and patients presenting with eclampsia were recorded from January 2008 to December 2012. Meteorological data was acquired from the regional meteorological center recording the monthly average temperature, humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall during the study period. The incidence of eclampsia and the seasonal trend were analyzed for Maximum (MMM) temperature, humidity at 5 pm, 5 pm atmospheric pressure (ATM) and rainfall.

Study design

Cross sectional study

Study setting

Gyne Unit 2, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore

Results

Over a 60-month period, a total of 31,331 deliveries were recorded, of which 579 patients developed eclampsia (1.85%). There was a statistically significant Pearson's correlation coefficient, the incidence of eclampsia was found to increase with MMM 5 pm temperature (0.516, p < 0.05) and rainfall (0.427, p < 0.05) and 5 pm ATM atmospheric pressure (—0.501, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found with humidity (0.093, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Incidence of eclampsia has direct linear relationship with increased temperature and rainfall and inverse relationship with 5 pm atmospheric pressure. The humidity had no apparent effect.

How to cite this article

Kausar S, Bashir A, Malik A, Qureshi MA. Seasonal Trends in the Occurrence of Eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):83-87.
Vaginal Leiomyoma: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Singh Richa , Yadav Poonam
Published: November 2014

Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare clinical entity with varied clinical presentation. Symptomatology ranges from being asymptomatic to symptoms like dyspareunia, pressure symptoms and discharge per vaginum. These leiomyomas if situated in lower half of vagina may mimic vaginal cysts or uterine prolapse and in upper half of vagina may be confused with bladder malignancy. Surgical excision followed by histopathology is the management for establishing the diagnosis and ruling out malignancy.

How to cite this article

Singh R, Yadav P, Kaur H. Vaginal Leiomyoma: A Rare Presentation. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):112-113.
Malignant Brenner Tumor of Ovary
Authors: Joshi Shikha , Ubeja Prabhjot
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Ovarian carcinoma remains the most lethal disease of the female reproductive tract and most difficult to diagnose early. Brenner tumor of ovary is a relatively uncommon neoplasm constituting 1.4 to 2.5% of all ovarian tumors. In vast majority of cases, these tumor are benign, only 2.5% being malignant.

Case Report

A 46 years old parous menopausal female presented with complains of pain in abdomen since 2 months and lump in right iliac region. Per abdomen examination showed irregular mass of variable consistency with 16 to 18 weeks gravid uterus size arising from pelvis. On per vaginum examination, firm to hard mass was felt in the posterior and lateral fornices exact size of which could not be determined. Per rectal examination revealed hard nodules in Pouch of Douglas (POD). Ovarian cytoreduction surgery was performed. Omentectomy was performed. Histopathology showed malignant Brenner tumor (transitional cell carcinoma).

Conclusion

Although Brenner tumors are rare and the majority of them are benign, the correct histological diagnosis with identification of the small proportion of malignant tumors allows the extent of the operation to be needed.

How to cite this article

Hariharan C, Joshi S, Ubeja P. Malignant Brenner Tumor of Ovary. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):126-128.
A Simple Method for Patients Palatal Rugae Duplication in Complete Dentures
Authors: Naqvi Sana , Dange Shankar Pandhrinath , Khalikar Smita Arun
Published: November 2014

A complete denture should fulfill four basic requirements: esthetics, phonetics, efficiency and comfort. As propagated by Terrell,1 dentures should be an aid rather than a hindrance to good speech. Palatal rugae play a vital role in the production of palato lingual sounds. A simple inexpensive method for duplication of patient's palatal rugae is described in this article.

How to cite this article

Naqvi S, Dange SP, Khalikar SA. A Simple Method for Patients Palatal Rugae Duplication in Com- plete Dentures. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):46-47.
Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of a Patient with Abrasion, Attrition, and Missing Teeth
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul S
Published: November 2014

The loss of tooth substance due to attrition and abrasion may lead to sensitivity to hot and cold, compromised esthetics, loss of anterior guidance and decreased masticatory efficiency. This case report describes the oral rehabilitation of a patient with abrasion, attrition and missing teeth. Treatment consisted of endodontic treatments of multiple teeth followed by their full coverage restorations, and fixed partial dentures for replacement of missing teeth. Esthetic and functional rehabilitation resulted in patient satisfaction, and no complications were noted related to the treatment after 1 year.

How to cite this article

Kulkarni RS. Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation of a Patient with Abrasion, Attrition, and Missing Teeth. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):52-55.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Case of Dextro- Transposition of Great Arteries with Regressed Left Ventricle
Authors: Kiran Usha , Narula Jitin , Makhija Neeti , Singh Sarvesh Pal
Published: November 2014

Patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with an intact ventricular septum (IVS) beyond 21 days of age may develop left ventricular (LV) regression. Perioperative echocardiography-guided assessment of LV for signs of regression is crucial in decision-making for definitive corrective surgery, namely arterial switch operation (ASO), as a regressed LV may not be capable of sustaining the load of systemic circulation. We hereby present transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings in a child with d-TGA and regressed LV where decision to perform a primary ASO with integrated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)- cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit was made. Use of ECMO was planned as a standby technique in the event of LV failure. ECMO was eventually used as the LV was unable to sustain the load of systemic circulation after ASO.

How to cite this article

Makhija N, Singh SP, Narula J, Choudhury A, Kiran U. Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Case of Dextro-Transposition of Great Arteries with Regressed Left Ventricle. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):71-74.
Forecasting global atmospheric CO2
Authors: Agustí-Panareda A. , Massart S. , Chevallier F. , Boussetta S. , Balsamo G. , Beljaars A. , Ciais P. , Deutscher N. M. , Engelen R. , Jones L. , Kivi R. , Paris J.-D. , Peuch V.-H. , Sherlock V. , Vermeulen A. T. , Wennberg P. O. , Wunch D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. A new global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) real-time forecast is now available as part of the pre-operational Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition and Climate – Interim Implementation (MACC-II) service using the infrastructure of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). One of the strengths of the CO2 forecasting system is that the land surface, including vegetation CO2 fluxes, is modelled online within the IFS. Other CO2 fluxes are prescribed from inventories and from off-line statistical and physical models. The CO2 forecast also benefits from the transport modelling from a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) system initialized daily with a wealth of meteorological observations. This paper describes the capability of the forecast in modelling the variability of CO2 on different temporal and spatial scales compared to observations. The modulation of the amplitude of the CO2 diurnal cycle by near-surface winds and boundary layer height is generally well represented in the forecast. The CO2 forecast also has high skill in simulating day-to-day synoptic variability. In the atmospheric boundary layer, this skill is significantly enhanced by modelling the day-to-day variability of the CO2 fluxes from vegetation compared to using equivalent monthly mean fluxes with a diurnal cycle. However, biases in the modelled CO2 fluxes also lead to accumulating errors in the CO2 forecast. These biases vary with season with an underestimation of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle both for the CO2 fluxes compared to total optimized fluxes and the atmospheric CO2 compared to observations. The largest biases in the atmospheric CO2 forecast are found in spring, corresponding to the onset of the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere. In the future, the forecast will be re-initialized regularly with atmospheric CO2 analyses based on the assimilation of CO2 products retrieved from satellite measurements and CO2 in situ observations, as they become available in near-real time. In this way, the accumulation of errors in the atmospheric CO2 forecast will be reduced. Improvements in the CO2 forecast are also expected with the continuous developments in the operational IFS.
Forest canopy interactions with nucleation mode particles
Authors: Pryor S. C. , Hornsby K. E. , Novick K. A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Ultrafine particle size distributions through a deciduous forest canopy indicate that nucleation mode particle concentrations decline with depth into the canopy, such that number concentrations at the bottom of the canopy are an average of 16% lower than those at the top. However, growth rates of nucleation mode particles (diameters 6–30 nm) are invariant with height within the canopy, which implies that the semi-volatile gases contributing to their growth are comparatively well-mixed through the canopy. Growth rates of nucleation mode particles during a meteorological drought year (2012) were substantially lower than during a meteorologically normal year with high soil water potential (2013). This may reflect suppression of actual biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions by drought and thus a reduction in the production of condensable products during the drought-affected vegetation season. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that growth rates during the normal year exhibit a positive correlation with emissions of BVOC modeled on observed forest composition, leaf area index, temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), but particle growth rates during the drought-affected vegetation season are not correlated with modeled BVOC emissions. These data thus provide indirect evidence that drought stress in forests may reduce BVOC emissions and limit growth of nucleation mode particles to climate-relevant sizes.
Carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subtropical forested cypress and pine wetlands
Authors: Shoemaker W. B. , Barr J. G. , Botkin D. B. , Graham S. L.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and forested subtropical wetlands is largely unknown. Here we report a first step in characterizing this atmospheric–ecosystem carbon (C) exchange, for cypress strands and pine forests in the Greater Everglades of Florida as measured with eddy covariance methods at three locations (Cypress Swamp, Dwarf Cypress and Pine Upland) for one year. Links between water and C cycles are examined at these three sites, and methane emission measured only at the Dwarf Cypress site. Each forested wetland showed net C uptake (retained in the soil and biomass or transported laterally via overland flow) from the atmosphere monthly and annually. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) (difference between photosynthesis and respiration, with negative values representing net ecosystem uptake) was greatest at the Cypress Swamp (−1000 g C m-2 year-1), moderate at the Pine Upland (−900 g C m-2 year-1), and least at the Dwarf Cypress (−500 g C m-2 year-1). Methane emission was a negligible part of the C (12 g C m-2 year-1) budget when compared to NEE. However, methane (CH4) production was considerable in terms of global warming potential, as about 20 g CH4 emitted per m2 year was equivalent to about 500 g CO2 emitted per m2 year}. Changes in NEE were clearly a function of seasonality in solar insolation, air temperature and water availability from rainfall. We also note that changes in the satellite-derived enhanced-vegetation index (EVI) served as a useful surrogate for changes in net and gross atmospheric–ecosystem C exchange at these forested wetland sites.
A statistical approach to represent small-scale variability of permafrost temperatures due to snow cover
Authors: Gisnås K. , Westermann S. , Schuler T. V. , Litherland T. , Isaksen K. , Boike J. , Etzelmüller B.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. In permafrost environments exposed to strong winds, drifting snow can create a small-scale pattern of strongly variable snow heights, which has profound implications for the thermal regime of the ground. Arrays of 26 to more than 100 temperature loggers were installed to record the distribution of ground surface temperatures within three study areas across a climatic gradient from continuous to sporadic permafrost in Norway. A variability of the mean annual ground surface temperature of up to 6°C was documented within areas of 0.5 km2. The observed variation can, to a large degree, be explained by variation in snow height. Permafrost models, employing averages of snow height for grid cells of, e.g., 1 km2, are not capable of representing such sub-grid variability. We propose a statistical representation of the sub-grid variability of ground surface temperatures and demonstrate that a simple equilibrium permafrost model can reproduce the temperature distribution within a grid cell based on the distribution of snow heights.
Perspective: Transforming medical education through informatics
Authors: Triola Marc
Published: November 2014

In the United States and around the world there have been massive changes in the way that health care is evolving – the way that we deliver care, the models of care, the concept of the interprofessional team, the system of care as a network that extends increasingly outside of the hospital much more than in, population and global care, and evidence-based medicine. We are challenged to keep up with our education system's “adaptivity” in this dynamic environment.

At the same time the disruptive effects of technological advances are dramatically accelerating and will challenge the way that healthcare providers, schools teaching young doctors, and patients themselves will experience and understand clinical data. There are emerging technologies that will be implemented around the world, almost instantly; whereas, these analogs in the past took decades to spread globally.
Monocyte subsets in atherosclerosis
Authors: Heine G. H. , Hristov M.
Published: November 2014

Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall continuously drive the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Monocytes, as cells of the innate immunity, are particularly involved in this process. In the last decade, heterogeneity of circulating monocytes has widely been acknowledged, and a recent consensus nomenclature subdivides classical, intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. Accumulating experimental and clinical data suggest a differential, subsetspecific contribution of monocytes to the pathology of atherosclerosis.

This review summarizes recent key findings on human and mouse monocyte subpopulations, specifically highlighting their phenotype, functional characteristics and mechanisms of recruitment at homeostatic conditions, in atherosclerotic vascular disease, and after acute myocardial infarction.
Editorial - Revista Educação
Authors: Pereira Marcelo De Andrade , Bolzan Doris Pires Vargas , Henz Celso Ilgo
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644416004
Educação do campo e juventude: problematizações a partir da conflitualidade
Authors: Rossi Rafael , Rotta Furlanetti Maria Peregrina de Fatima , Ferraz Cleiton Aparecido , Ferrato Elen Rosana
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464445314Por meio do presente texto iremos expor nossas considerações, partindo da pesquisa que realizamos e dos debates no interior do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Educação Popular (GEPEP) vinculado ao Departamento de Educação da UNESP/FCT campus de Presidente Prudente – SP, com relação à juventude da educação do campo, como aporte para refletirmos sobre políticas públicas educacionais apropriadas a essa demanda e currículos mais comprometidos com a realidade do campo. Isso, por sua vez, contribui para a identidade em ser “do campo”, e assim, avançarmos metodologicamente na discussão teórica e prática pela promoção de estratégias e debates em caráter mais amplo por uma educação do campo, condizente com seu cotidiano territorializado. É importante atentar-nos para alguns questionamentos: Como entender a juventude que mora no campo como uma juventude do campo? Para atingir essa meta, trabalhamos problematizando o termo conflitualidade junto a essa juventude, pois acreditamos que a luta pela educação do campo se articula intrinsecamente à questão agrária e à luta pela terra, convidando uma abordagem metodológica em educação inovadora e que respeite a cultura e as tradições dos camponeses.
“Professora, vem ver! O Paulo vai ter neném!": gênero, sexualidade e formação de professores/as
Authors: Duque Tiago
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464448205Este texto discute diferentes experiências que revelam compreensões, dilemas e facilidades diante da questão de gênero e sexualidade na formação de professores/as. Principalmente através de uma perspectiva teórica pós-estruturalista, aqui se pensa as experiências vividas pelo autor referentes a relatos (seus contextos e significados) que foram colhidos durante o seu trabalho como professor universitário, pesquisador no campo do gênero e da sexualidade e militante em prol da diversidade sexual. Com essas práticas educativas refletidas teoricamente conclui-se que um início possível para pensar formação de professores/as e questões de gênero e sexualidade é, a partir dos estranhamentos às transgressões nas salas de aula, deixar emergir a diferença e pensá-la criticamente em busca de experiências ainda não vividas, e não necessariamente em busca de um respeito à diversidade.
A participação das famílias como uma política educativa
Authors: Albuquerque Simone Santos de
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464449309O artigo apresenta parte da pesquisa intitulada “Das lógicas familiares às lógicas escolares: caminhos e perspectivas na educação das crianças”. O estudo com uma abordagem qualitativa de cunho etnográfico partiu do princípio do pesquisador estar inserido no campo social da investigação. Nesta perspectiva, procurou estabelecer um espaço de diálogo entre a escola e as famílias, provocando uma “escuta” atenta, bem como uma possibilidade de problematizar a pluralidade das lógicas e culturas das famílias e aprofundar o conhecimento sobre suas relações no contexto educativo. A pesquisa apontou para a necessidade de compreender as estratégias de relacionamentos construídas pela escola, destacando como o confronto (THIN, 1998) entre as lógicas familiares e escolares possibilita a construção de estratégias de relacionamentos que qualifiquem a escola como lugar de acolhimento e educação das crianças.   Palavras- chave: Educação, Lógicas Familiares, Lógicas Escolares
Un panorama de la recherche sur l’évaluation formative des apprentissages
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle
Published: November 2014

Initialement, la recherche sur l’évaluation formative des apprentissages relevait d’initiatives isolées, sans qu’il n’y ait de significations partagées dans la communauté scientifique, rendant difficile l’élaboration d’un portrait de cette recherche. Quarante ans plus tard, et sous l’impulsion des études qui se sont multipliées avec la vague de réformes éducatives dans les sociétés occidentales depuis une dizaine d’années, il devient possible de se donner une représentation du domaine aujourd’hui constitué. Il se démarque maintenant diverses tendances en recherche, regroupées autour de différents objets spécifiques rattachés à l’évaluation formative. Cette contribution vise à tracer un panorama de cette recherche en prenant en compte ce qui se fait tant dans le monde francophone qu’anglophone. Comme on le verra, aux côtés des démarches instrumentales bien connues, émergent maintenant des démarches plus informelles relevant de stratégies mises en place par l’enseignant dans le flux des interactions en classe.
Évaluation des compétences à l’école primaire genevoise
Authors: Lopez Lucie Mottier , Tessaro Walther
Published: November 2014

Après une problématisation de la définition des curricula et programmes d’études en termes de compétences, l’article propose une analyse des documents de référence pour l’enseignement et l’évaluation des mathématiques à l’école primaire, pour ce qui est de la Suisse Romande et du canton de Genève. Il souligne les processus transpositifs « ascendants » qui ont contribué à des recommandations institutionnelles à partir des pratiques du terrain coordonnées à des actions de formation en matière d’évaluation des apprentissages. Il met en évidence les tensions, parfois contradictoires, entre les différents documents curriculaires et conceptualise l’articulation entre les notions d’objectif et de compétence qui, dans le contexte genevois, ne sont pas opposées.
Conceptions de l’évaluation scolaire des élèves et des enseignants
Authors: Issaieva Élisabeth , Crahay Marcel
Published: November 2014

Cet article s’inscrit dans la foulée des études qui soutiennent l’idée que, plus que l’évaluation pratiquée en classe, c’est l’interprétation que s’en fait l’élève qui influe sur l’élaboration de sa propre conception de l’évaluation en matière scolaire. Dans cette perspective, nous nous sommes efforcés d’appréhender distinctement les conceptions que les enseignants et les élèves, en fin d’école primaire, se font de l’évaluation scolaire. Nous avons aussi créé un questionnaire visant à appréhender la manière dont les élèves perçoivent les conceptions de leur enseignant en matière d’évaluation. Dans une première étape d’analyse, nous avons validé les trois questionnaires (alpha de Cronbach, analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires). Ensuite, nous avons examiné les rapports des paramètres ainsi déterminés. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les élèves et les enseignants ont des visions multiples de l’évaluation, mais qui se ressemblent fortement. Il apparaît également que les conceptions et les inter prétations que les élèves se font des conceptions de l’évaluation de leurs ensei gnants ne convergent pas avec ce que déclarent les enseignants eux-mêmes. Par ailleurs, on constate que les perceptions que les élèves ont des conceptions de l’évaluation de leurs enseignants concordent assez régulièrement avec leurs propres conceptions. Les implications pédagogiques de ces différents constats sont discutées en fin d’article.
L’évaluation en classe
Authors: Laveault Dany
Published: November 2014

Le but de cet article est de fournir un cadre de référence pour étudier l’implantation réussie des politiques et leurs effets attendus en matière d’évaluation en classe. Les recherches dans ce domaine soulèvent de nombreuses questions sur l’articulation des politiques et des pratiques en évaluation en plus d’identifier de nouvelles problématiques. Plus particulièrement, cet article cherchera à déterminer quels principes gouvernent le passage réussi des politiques aux pratiques en matière d’évaluation et comment y parvenir. L’article conclut que la mobilisation des savoirs théoriques et d’expérience est au coeur de la jonction réussie des politiques et pratiques. Il s’interroge sur l’efficacité des modèles hiérarchiques de transmission entre politiques et pratiques et émet l’hypothèse qu’il pourrait être plus profitable d’étudier comment politiques et pratiques peuvent faire oeuvre commune et se construire dans un processus d’évaluation équilibrée et de professionnalisation des réformes des systèmes éducatifs.
La lente émergence d’une politique scolaireen matière d’évaluation des élèves
Authors: Carette Vincent , Dupriez Vincent
Published: November 2014

Après une brève présentation du contexte historique de l’enseignement en Belgique francophone, ce texte rend compte des réformes pédagogiques adoptées dans le courant des années 1990, lesquelles ont conduit à un recours accru à des épreuves externes d’évaluation des élèves. Les auteurs présentent les différentes épreuves nationales et internationales aujourd’hui mobilisées dans ce système éducatif et soulignent la diversité des modèles pédagogiques sous-jacents à de telles épreuves. Le texte présente ensuite quelques résultats de recherche rendant compte de l’appropriation de ces évolutions par les enseignants.
L’évaluation des apprentissages scolaires au Luxembourg
Authors: Dierendonck Christophe , Burton Réginald , Wanlin Philippe
Published: November 2014

Cet article porte sur les pratiques d’évaluation des acquis scolaires au Luxembourg. Il poursuit trois objectifs précis : synthétiser l’évolution des politiques et des pratiques d’évaluation des acquis scolaires à partir d’une analyse des documents officiels, aborder la concrétisation des directives officielles sur le terrain en présentant les données disponibles et illustrer les dérives potentielles liées à certains types d’évaluation des apprentissages scolaires.
L’échafaudage lors de la supervision en milieu professionnel
Authors: Harvey Léon
Published: November 2014

L’échafaudage mis en place en milieu de travail est un aspect important d’une formation professionnelle. Ici, l’hypothèse qu’un superviseur en soins infirmiers a offert un échafaudage adaptatif, explicite et efficace est investiguée et un modèle est proposé. Pour ce faire, des données séquentielles sont recueillies en utilisant une grille d’observation systématique auprès de 13 stagiaires. L’étude des transitions montre une relation entre les états cognitifs et les actions pédagogiques mises de l’avant, et confirme l’hypothèse investiguée. L’étude révèle également la présence d’un modèle général d’apprentissage à états cachés.
Analyse des caractéristiques des feedback fournis par des enseignants d’école maternelle face aux prestations de leurs élèves
Authors: Caffieaux Christine
Published: November 2014

L’évaluation à l’école maternelle a différentes fonctions, dont une fonction de régulation des apprentissages. Si l’on conçoit l’enseignement comme l’action de promouvoir l’apprentissage par des interventions directes et indirectes, l’étude des mécanismes de régulation est essentielle pour comprendre les relations entre l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. Ce travail de recherche y participe à travers l’observation et l’analyse des différentes formes de réactions (feedback) d’enseignants de la maternelle face aux démarches et performances des élèves et leurs effets sur les conduites des élèves. Il en ressort, notamment, que les feedback observés prennent le plus souvent la forme d’un contrôle de la part de l’enseignant, cherchant à vérifier la conformité entre la réponse de l’élève et le produit fini attendu. On constate, cependant, des variations intéressantes entre enseignants.
L’évaluation des apprentissages en contexte scolaire
Authors: Lopez Lucie Mottier , Laveault Dany
Published: November 2014

La recherche sur l’évaluation en contexte scolaire a considérablement augmenté et diversifié ses objets d’étude depuis les travaux docimologiques sur les examens et les travaux sur l’évaluation formative de Bloom et ses collègues dans les années 1970. L’article expose les principaux élargissements du champ de recher che et discute les réaménagements et redéfinitions des concepts et notions tels qu’ils ont été notamment présentés dans la revueMesure et évaluation en éducation. Ainsi sont discutés le rôle important de la définition des objectifs d’apprentissage, les élargissements du modèle initial de l’évaluation formative, les différents buts de l’évaluation sommative, l’enjeu majeur de l’évaluation de compétences. Malgré des avancées significatives réalisées dans le domaine, l’article montre que le besoin de recherches est encore plus pressant que jamais alors que l’évaluation scolaire doit s’inscrire dans un contexte de réforme, d’attentes et d’exigences de plus en plus nombreuses.
L’évaluation dans la formation supérieure et professionnelle
Authors: Campanale Françoise , Raîche Gilles
Published: November 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de dresser un portrait du traitement de l’évaluation dans la formation supérieure à l’intérieur de la revue Mesure et évaluation en éducation depuis sa création il y a trente ans. L’analyse a été effectuée en fonction de trois contextes distincts. Il s’agit de l’évaluation dans la formation supérieure pour en améliorer la qualité, de l’évaluation dans la formation professionnelle initiale et de l’évaluation dans la formation continue. En conclusion, des constats tirés de cette analyse nous amèneront à proposer des perspectives de recherche.
Les modèles de mesure en éducation
Authors: Valois Pierre , Martin Romain
Published: November 2014

Cet article vise à dresser un bilan des études ayant porté sur les modèles de mesure ou sur un aspect particulier de ces derniers au cours des trente der nières années. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une recension des écrits à partir de quatorze revues internationales traitant, notamment, des modèles de mesure en éducation. Après avoir effectué une synthèse des résultats qui ressortent de notre analyse des articles sélectionnés, nous présentons des développements et des défis majeurs qui s’imposent encore aujourd’hui à ceux et celles qui travaillent à l’élaboration, au raffinement et à l’utilisation des modèles de réponse aux items. Enfin, dans un dernier temps, nous proposons un certain nombre d’avenues de recherche pour les années à venir.
Mesure sans démesure
Authors: Laveault Dany
Published: November 2014

Cet article dresse un bilan de l’oeuvre de Jean Cardinet autour de deux grands principes : le besoin de résultats fidèles et valides pour informer et fonder la recherche en éducation et l’utilisation appropriée de cette information afin de soutenir les prises de décisions à tous les niveaux du système éducatif. L’article conclut en démontrant comment l’oeuvre de Jean Cardinet fournit des pistes pour traiter la problématique et les défis d’aujourd’hui.