bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gergaji Selendang Untuk Pengrajin Mebel Di Kampung Ngemplak Mojosongo Surakarta
Authors: Kustanto Heri , Lestari Tri Rahayu Kuat
Published: May 2021

Pengrajin mebel banyak sekali dijumpai didaerah, dikampung, dipinggir jalan dan pasar mebel diwilayah Surakarta dan sekitarnya ,dengan melihat dan memperhatikan para pengrajin mebel tersebut pada saat mengerjakan pekerjaan dengan menggunakan gergaji tangan kecil untuk membuat suatu pola yang berbentuk lengkungan, berbentuk sudut dan tegak lurus dan membutuhkan tenaga cukup banyak, tangan harus bergerak terus naik turunkan gergaji tangan sengkangmya berbentuk huruf C. Salah satu cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien dibuatlah suatu alat atau mesin untuk membantu memecahkan permasalahan yang ada yaitu dengan cara membuat Inovasi mesin gergaji selendang yang mampu mengerjakan bentuk lengkung, bentuk sudut dan juga berbentuk tegak lurus, bilah  gergaji  berbentuk selendang sehingga gerakannya berputar terus, tidak perlu memakai tangan untuk menggerakkan gergaji, bilah gergaji selendang dilas dipasang pada bantalan yg dihubungkan dengan poros dan poros diputar oleh motor listrik sehingga akan menjadi gerakan berputar,perputan bilah gergaji selendang ini sebagai pengganti gerakan tangan saat naik turun, tangan tinggal menggerakan bahan yang akan dikerjakan atau yang akan dipotong sesuai dengan pola.
Dengan adanya inovasi mesin gergaji selendang tersebut akan dapat membantu proses produksi para pengarajin mebel didaerah Ngemplak Mojosongo khususnya dan Surakarta pada umumnya, hasil produksi lancar, dapat menambah penghasilan dan menambah kesejahteraan kehidupan para pengrajin mebel, dikarenakan produksi bertambah sampai 50%.
Pemberdayaan UKM Pengrajin Rumah Tangga Guna Meningkatkan Produktivitas Melalui Teknologi Tepat Guna Kabupaten Boyolali Jawa Tengah
Authors: Siswanto  , Jalil Abdul , Mustaqomah Erniyawati
Published: May 2021

Pemberdayaan industri kecil dan rumah tangga merupakan  kebijakan pemerintah yang berbasis ekonomi kerakyatan. Hal ini merupakan suatu bentuk kepercayaan kepada kemandirian masyarakat dalam melakukan kegiatan ekonominya. Pada kenyataanya industri kecil dan rumah tangga merupakan industri yang tahan banting terhadap keadaan ekonomi yang tidak menentu seperti saat ini. Dukuh Dawar Desa Manggis Kecamatan Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. Di desa tersebut masyarakatnya sebagian besar berwira usaha kerajinan rumah tangga. Usaha berjenis home industry ini telah lama ditekuni oleh masyarakat di desa itu. Pekerjaan kreatif ini sudah menjadi salah satu simbol desa tersebut dan ikut membesarkan nama Boyolali sebagai salah satu kabupaten penghasil kerajinan rumah tangga di Jawa Tengah. Produk dari usaha rumah tangga tersebut banyak macamnya dan bervariasi. Kerajinan  rumah tangga termasuk usaha yang sudah berkembang sejak lama dan kini semakin ramai dan menunjukkan kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh UKM saat ini adalah mesin yang digunakan untuk membuat kerajinan rumah tangga sangat sederhana, sehingga jumlah produksinya terbatas, padahal pemesanan kerajinan rumah tangga tersebut tiap bulannya meningkat pesanan datang dari luar daerah dan luar pulau.
Program Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna bagi masyarakat dari Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi /Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional  ini membantu mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di UKM tersebut dengan mendanai pembuatan mesin serta pelatihan-pelatihannya. Diharapkan dengan program TTG ini para pengrajin rumah tangga dapat menularkan maupun membina masyarakat sekitarnya, sehingga masyarakat disekitarnya mempunyai motivasi untuk berwirausaha baru dan dapat menambah wawasan sehingga dapat mengurangi urbanisasi bagi generasi mudanya.Terlaksananya program TTG kepada Masyarakat ini secara khusus meningkatkan ketrampilan yang mendukung produktifitas serta dapat meningkatkan pendapatan para pengrajin rumah tangga dan kelompoknya di Kampung Dawar Desa manggis Kecamatan Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali. Dan diharapkan dengan program ini dalam skala Nasional akan meningkatkan pendapatan perkapita daerah.
Free radicals scavenging aptitude of Spilanthes acmella
Authors: Sankar K. Gouri , Venkateswarlu B. S.
Published: May 2021

Now a days, oxidative stress is one of the major disease around the world. The excess production of oxidants in the body are key source for development of different chronic diseases and are leading to damage the multiple organs' function, finally to cellular mortality. The natural remedy is the most important medicine to control the overproduction of oxidants and to obtain more antioxidants. Natural product have been using to treat diseases and as food supplements as nutrients. In this point of view, the current study was carried to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Spilanthes acmella root parts. The free radical scavenging activity was studied against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals using standard methods. The Spilanthes acmella root part extracts showed concentration dependent antioxidant activity on tested free radicals. The extracts showed modest effect on free radicals compared to the standard drug ascorbic acid and hydro-alcoholic extract possesses more activity than other two extracts. The end results of current study clearly state that Spilanthes acmella root possess free radical scavenging activity and also confirms its' traditional value in traditional medicine. The further research is worthful on isolation of different bioactive molecules and different biological activities evaluation on Spilanthes acmella.
Cobalt (II) Chloride in Enhancing Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Expression of Gingival Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro
Authors: Nugraha Alexander P. , Ihsan Igo S. , Dinaryanti Aristika , Hendrianto Eryk , Susilowati Helen , Prasetyo Eric P. , Narmada Ida B. , Ernawati Diah S. , Nugraha Andreas P. , Kharisma Viol Dhea , Riawan Wibi , Rantam Fedik A.
Published: May 2021

Despite gingival derived mesenchymal stem cells (GDMSCs) are unique and have numerous advantages for regenerative dentistry, the hypoxia preconditioning of GDMSCs may be essential prior to the transplantation. The aim of this study is to examine whether CoCl2 can enhance HIF-1α in GDMSCs in vitro. GDMSCs of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were obtained from laboratory stock. The sample for this study was randomly selected and divided into 4 groups; GDMSC normoxia (24 hours and 48 hours) groups and GDMSC hypoxia (24 hours and 48 hours) groups respectively (N=20/n=5). To stimulate the hypoxia condition, the final concentration of 100μM Cobalt (II) Chloride (CoCl2) was used in this study. The examination of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) stimulated with CoCl2 in the GDMSCs utilized immunocytochemistry methods with Fluorescein isothiocyanate antibody labelling. The Tukey Honest Significant Different (HSD) test was conducted to compare the significant difference in HIF-1α expression between groups (p<0.01). The greatest expression of HIF-1α is found in GDMSCs treated with CoCl2 for 24 hours. There was significant difference in HIF-1α expression between GMSCs normoxia (24 hours and 48 hours) and GMSCs hypoxia of 24 hours groups but not 48 hours group (p<0.01). CoCl2 can enhance significantly HIF-1α expression of GDMSCs for 24 hours in vitro.
Ineffective Drugs: Cerebrolysin and Piracetam
Authors: Slyusar Olga , Maximov Ivan , Babaskina Liudmila , Lobuteva Liudmila
Published: May 2021

The study of drug efficacy is greatly importance, since the data obtained can be used as a scientific tool for re-evaluating drugs. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of cerebrolysin and piracetam in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The study included 124 patients with moderate acute ischemic stroke (AIS). All patients were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The control group included 40 people receiving standard therapy (acetylsalicylic acid, lisinopril, nebivolol, pentoxifylline, L-lysine escinate). The cerebrolysin group consisted of 42 patients who additionally received cerebrolysin (10ml) in a volume of 200ml (0.9% NaCl) once a day. The piracetam group included 42 patients who additionally received piracetam (10ml) in a volume of 200ml (0.9% NaCl) three times a day. The course of inpatient treatment lasted 3 weeks. At the end of treatment, there was a significant (p <0.05) regression of neurological symptoms in patients with acute ischemic stroke in all comparison groups by 1.75 (p <0.05) times in the control group, by 1.85 (p < 0.05) in the cerebrolysin group and by 1.78 (p <0.05) in the piracetam group. There was no statistically significant intergroup difference (p> 0.05). The study results do not demonstrate clinical benefits of cerebrolysin and piracetam for treating acute ischemic stroke.
Pharma Insurance: A Mechanism for Risk Mitigation
Authors: Shetty Adithya D. , Shetty Ankitha , Shetty Jyothi , Shenoy Sandeep , Sreedhar D. , Nayak Santosh
Published: May 2021

Insurance plays a vital role in risk mitigation of pharma supply chain. It’s a mechanism where losses sustained by few are stretched among many those are exposed to kind of similar risk. Unfortunately, insurance is not availed by the intermediaries in pharma supply chain which eventually leads to heavy losses in the regular supplies of the drugs. The pharmaceutical industry in India has secured the third position globally in terms of its volume and adds approximately 10% to the global pharmaceutical production. According to the reports published by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, the Indian Pharma Industry is pegged at INR 810 Bn which is inclusive of domestic sales and exports. India is an international hub for high-quality medicines at an affordable price with a rich vendor base. As logistics and supply chain plays an important role and contributes immensely to the overall growth of pharma sector, risk mitigation becomes inevitable. Poor supply chain in pharma leads to various fatalities due to mishandling of the product, pilferage, poor packing, damage during transit, accidents and other nature hazards leading towards expiry of drugs. Low level of supply chain integrity, absence of contingency planning, inadequacy in resources and infrastructure, lack of support in terms of regulation, adoption of sub-optimal standards in technology are included in it. Currently, there are myriad inefficiencies spotted in both assets i.e., physical requirement like storage and transport as well as enablers i.e., efficiency improving system, technology and process all along the pharmaceutical supply chain. Inspite of all this, the pharma companies opine that there is no adequate insurance taken by the wholesalers and the distributors in the front end distribution of critical drugs. Thus, the study is intended to analyze the product liability exposure arising during pharma supply chain and the quantum of insurance required to mitigate the same.
Assessment of Acute complications and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Thomas Achsa , Jacob Julia S. , Abraham Merin , Thomas Blessy M. , Ashok Purnima
Published: May 2021

Introduction: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is the last stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), where kidneys solely functions at 10 to 15 percent of their normal capacity. Efficacious treatment for ESRD is renal replacement therapies like dialysis and renal transplantation. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a neglected aspect of CKD care. Objective: To assess the acute complications and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months, 90 patients undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. Acute complications were assessed during and post dialysis and Health Related Quality of Life were analysed using KDQoL-36TM questionnaire. Result: Among patients assessed; majority of the patients belonged to the age group 30 to 60 years. Acute complications were evaluated and oedema was found in maximum patients followed by muscle cramps, loss of appetite, itching etc. Based on KDQoL-36TM questionnaire, physical functions was mainly affected due to the disease. Oedema and muscle cramps had an impact on the patients physical and mental functioning whereas educational status and addictions showed significance in all domains of KDQOL-36TM. Conclusion: CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis has an intense effect on HRQoL. A better understanding on QOL issues will enable providers to deliver better patient centred care and enhance the overall well-being of the patients.
Ruthenium (II) polypyridyl metallosurfactant complexes:
Synthesis, Interaction of CT-DNA and Antitumour study
Authors: R Suganthi Devi , N Kumaraguru
Published: May 2021

Our aim was to synthesize two ruthenium(II) metallosurfactant complexes [Ru(BPIP)2(CA)Cl](ClO4) (1) and [Ru(BPIP)2(CA)2](ClO4)2(2) [(BPIP = 2-(40-benzyloxy-phenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), CA = cetyl amine] and investigated its DNA binding and anticancer activity. The binding affinity of ruthenium(II) metallosurfactant complexes with CT- DNA has been investigated by spectroscopic and viscosity magnitudes. The cytotoxic nature invitro of the complexes towards HeLa cells, was adopted by MTT assay and apoptosis were examined by AO/EB and tryphan blue staining methods. The nucleic acid binding study elucidates that the complexes associate with CT-DNA through intercalation mode. The cytotoxic activity was greater for complex 2 with lower IC50 value than complex 1 which shows the impact in alkyl chain length and its hydrophobicity. The AO/EB and tryphan blue staining shows that both the complexes were found to distrupt the structural changes in cells at low concentration. The intercalation mode is due to the presence of extended aromaticity of ligands and elongated aliphatic chain in the complexes. The invitro anticancer inhibition study against HeLa cells showed that the complexes affected the viability of the cells significantly The cell changes in their peripheral membrane structures have intense effects on cell activity leading to apoptosis and necrosis.
Pharmacological connection of Histamine-1 (H1) Receptor Mediated Neuroprotective mechanism of Ischemic preconditioning in rat
Authors: Singh Prabhat , Sharma Bhupesh
Published: May 2021

Cerebral ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion is an essential contributor to acute cerebral stroke. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been proven to provide neuroprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, but their mechanism behind neuroprotection in cerebral stroke are still unclear. Central histaminergic pathway has crucial role in the pathogenesis of cerebral stroke, but their neuroprotective role in IPC is still unidentified. This research explores the role of histamine-1 receptor in IPC induced neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion induced cerebral injury. Rat were subjected to 17 min of global cerebral ischemia (GCI) by occluding both carotid arteries followed by reperfusion for 24 h, to produce ischemia-reperfusion induced cerebral injury. TTC staining was used to measure cerebral infarct size. Morris water maze test was used to assess memory. Inclined beam-walk, hanging wire, lateral push and rota-rod tests were used to assess degree of motor incoordination. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity, nitrite/nitrate, glutathione, TBARS and MPO levels were also examined. GCI has produced a significant increase in cerebral infarction, brain nitrite/nitrate, MPO, TBARS and AChE activity along with a reduction in glutathione content. Impairment of memory and motor coordination were also noted in GCI induced rat. IPC was employed that consist of 3 preceding episodes of ischemia (1 min) and reperfusion (1 min) both immediately before GCI significantly decreased cerebral infarction, motor incoordination, memory impairment and biochemical impairment. Pretreatment with L-histidine mimicked the neuroprotective effects of IPC. L-histidine induced neuroprotection were significantly abolished by chlorpheniramine, a H1 receptor antagonist. We conclude that neuroprotective effects of IPC, probably occurs through the central histaminergic pathway, and histamine-1 receptor could be a new target behind the neuroprotective mechanism of IPC.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan from Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) shell waste as raw material
Authors: Gobinath Thilagar , Thamizhselvan Sasikumar , Ramakrishnan Arumugam , Ravichandran Samuthirapandian
Published: May 2021

Chitosan is extracted from Perna viridis as the staring source via the cycle of chitin deacetylation, which is conducted at 90°C for 6 hours using 40% NaOH. Physiochemical properties such as yield (18%), ash content (0.626%), moisture content (2.9%), and solubility, degree of deacetylation (55), fat binding capability (209%) and water binding ability (254 %) revealed that P.viridis is an important alternative source of chitosan. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the characteristic peaks of OH at 3400cm-1 and amine at 1660cm-1, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested two critical characteristic peaks at 18° and 34° at (2θ). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology of isolated chitosan. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) was also used to describe the thermal stability of P.viridis chitosan. The procoagulant capacity, plasma recalcification time assays and minimal bactericidal activity verified the hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the preparation of chitosan.
Antioxidant Assay with Scavenging DPPH Radical of Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq Stem bark extracts and Chemical compositions and Toxicity Evaluation for the Most Active Fraction
Authors: Erwin Erwin , Pratiwi Djihan Ryn , Saputra Iwan , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of crude extract and their fractions, the content of secondary metabolite types of crude extract, and the chemical content and toxicity of the most active fractions as antioxidants from the stem bark of Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. (Mentawa). The methods used are phytochemical screening, toxicity tests against Artemia salina by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), antioxidant activity assay with DPPH radical reduction method, and determination of chemical compound by GC-MS analysis. Phytochemical test results showed that crude extract containing alkaloids, triterpenoids, phenolics and flavonoids. The results of the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions obtained IC50 values of 127.69, 28.65 and 79.43ppm, respectively. Ethyl acetate (as the most active fraction) was then fractionated using a vacuum chromatography column and the fractions obtained were E1 (268.8mg), E2 (337.1), E3 (234.3mg) and E4 (431.2mg). The antioxidant activity test showed that E2 was the most active compared to other fractions with an IC50 value of 37.24ppm. While the toxicity test results showed that E2 was very active with an LC50 value of 6.23ppm indicating that E2 was also potentially developed as an anticancer drug. Based on GC-MS spectrum analysis, of the several main compounds, four of which are aromatic compounds that have the potential to be developed as antioxidants, namely 2- (Benzyloxy) phenol (phenolic compound) (3.96%) (51),), 1, 2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dinonyl ester (2.44%) (52), Linderazulene (2.43%) (30), p-Nonylphenol (2.36%). Some other aromatic minor compounds can also be active as antioxidants.
Analytical methods for estimation of Budesonide in bulk and in Pharmaceutical dosage forms: A Review
Authors: Kolsure Anuja , Daniel Kratika , Bhat Mahesh
Published: May 2021

Budesonide is a potent glucocorticoid with a high local anti-inflammatory effect and low systemic bioavailability. The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several analytical methods including UV, HPLC, LC-MS techniques has been developed for Budesonide alone and in combination with others. Methods indicating HPLC bioanalytical method, stability indicating HPLC method, ion pairing chromatographic method and chemometrics assisted HPLC methods are also described for Budesonide. For qualitative and quantitative estimation of Budesonide these analytical methods can be used. The following study describes reported analytical methods of Budesonide.
Karakteristik Campuran Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Coarse yang Menggunakan Batu Dari Buntao’ Toraja Utara
Authors: Londongsalu Agus Tolla , Menge Roy Haryanto , Alpius  , Tanan Benyamin
Published: May 2021

Penggunaan batu gunung dari Desa Buntao’ masih terbatas untuk pondasi bangunan serta pasangan talut dan belum dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar lapisan tipis aspal beton (LATASTON). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik batu gunung dari Desa Buntao’ sebagai komposisi campuran perkerasan LATASTON HRS-WC gradasi senjang dan semi senjang, dan mengetahui karakteristik Marshall, serta Indeks Kekuatan Sisa pada campuran tersebut. Metode penelitian melalui penelitian laboratorium yaitu pengujian Marshall. Hasil pengujian marshall diperoleh nilai karakteristik Marshall campuran LATASTON HRS-WC Gradasi Senjang dan Semi Senjang yaitu nilai VIM sebesar 5,62% (Senjang) dan 5,63% (Semi Senjang), nilai Stabilitas sebesar 1680,29 kg (Senjang) dan 1347,92 kg (Semi Senjang), nilai VMA sebesar 18,03% (Senjang) dan 18,14% (Semi Senjang) dan nilai flow sebesar 4,70  mm (Senjang) dan 4,40 mm (Semi Senjang) serta Kadar Aspal 7,6% (Senjang) dan 7,6% (Semi Senjang). Untuk nilai Indeks Kekuatan Sisa (Indeks Perendaman) dari hasil pengujian Marshall Immersion sebesar 93.73 % untuk Senjang, dan 97,48% untuk Semi Senjang.

Kata Kunci : Batu Gunung Buntao; LATASTON HRS-WC; Karakteristik Marshall
Review Importance of Herbal Plants in the Management of Urolithiasis
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad , Latif Noman , Muhammad Sher , Gull Jaweria , Shoab Muhammad , Khan Arsalan
Published: May 2021

Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed across the world as an abundant source of therapeutic agents for prevention of various ailments. Today large number of population is suffering from urinary calculi, kidney stone and gall stone. Stone disease has gained increasing relevance as a consequence to changes in living conditions, due to malnutrition and industrialization. Changes in incidence and prevalence, the occurrence of stone types and stone location, and the way in which stone removal are explained. Therapeutic plants (Armoracia lopathifolia, Cassia fistula, Diospyros melaoxylon etc.) are being used from centuries because of its safety, efficacy, ethnical acceptability and less side effects when compared with synthetic drugs. The present review deals with options to be followed for the potential of medicinal plants in stone dissolving activity.
A Review of Mycotoxin Types, Occurrence, Toxicity, Detection Methods and Control
Authors: Zahra Naseem , Saeed Muhammad Khalid , Sheikh Asma , Kalim Imran , Ahmad Sajid Rashid , Jamil Nadia
Published: May 2021

Mycotoxins are health hazardous natural toxin produced by various fungal species due to favourable environmental conditions for fungal growth. These are carcinogenic, hepatotoxic and immuno- suppressive substances usually found in food and feed items. Mycotoxins are broadly divided into two major groups on the basis of mycotoxin producing fungi i.e., those fungi which invade in pre-harvest conditions and those which are produced in post-harvest conditions called storage fungi. The conditions which promote mycotoxin growth are high temperatures, moisture levels, poor hygienic conditions and contamination during storage and transportation. Aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin, trichothecene, fumonisins, patulin and zearalenone are prominent mycotoxins in food and feed commodities. This review renders the comprehensive data regarding occurrence of main mycotoxins, their analysis and health hazardous effects on human health alongwith some detoxification protocols.
Review A Review on the Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Khan Rafiullah , Badshah Saeed
Published: May 2021

Composites have played a vital role ranging in the marine structures to agriculutural products. Therefore, proper attention should be given before deploying of composite structures in the service and vibration is one of the most critical factor in the assessment of the structural properties. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature studies on the effect of vibration on composite structures. The literature studies have been focused on the vibration analysis of composite structures without considering the crack or delamination presence in the structure. Literature review is further classified on the basis of methodology i.e experimental, analytical and finite element methods. The work already conducted using these three methods have been discussed. It would be concluded that the vibration is a critical factor to focus.
Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds at Gasoline Filling Stations and Possible Impacts on Human Health in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Saif Ur Rehman , Hanif Ayesha
Published: May 2021

The Lahore city, Pakistan has 400 plus filling stations, which are busy in fuel filling round the clock. During supply, storage and its breathing, filling process, volatile compounds are released to the atmosphere which increase VOCs concentration not only on filling stations but also to adjoining areas. These VOCs especially benzene/toluene is reported to be a potential for smog formation in addition to other causes, which is being observed in this city for last two years since 2016. Six company petrol filling stations (5 pumps for each company) were monitored using Haz Scanner HIM-6000 to measure VOCs near each filling station. Readings were taken at 5 feet and 50 feet distance from fuel dispenser in triplicate from each filling station at a height of 2 feet above ground from selected petrol pumps in morning (8 am-11:50 am) and after noon time (12:30 pm-3:30 pm) in the month of Oct and Nov, 2017. It was found that VOCs at all stations of Pakistan State Oil (PSO) were higher than others. Further, highest skin irritation was observed in Shell Pakistan (80%) followed by PSO and Caltex Pakistan. Although Parco Pakistan has also longer working time but workers have no skin irritation issue.
Çocuk Hekimlerinin Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Tedavisi Uygulamaları ile İlgili Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ATEŞ Sema , GÜNGÖR Ali
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Son yıllarda dünyada ve ülkemizde “Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp” (GTT) uygulamalarında ve ürünlerinin kullanımında artış izlenmektedir. Hekimler GTT uygulamalarının gerekliliği, yararları veya olası komplikasyonları konusunda tam bir görüş birliğine sahip değildir. Bu çalışmada çocuk hekimlerinin GTT uygulamaları konusundaki bilgi ve görüşlerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Ankara Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hematoloji Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde çalışmakta olan çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları ile yan dallarında görev yapan asistan ve uzman hekimlerin GTT uygulamaları konusundaki bilgi ve görüşlerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Haziran 2019- Eylül 2019 tarihlerinde görev yapan 216 çocuk hekimi dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma kesitsel tipte olup verilerin toplanmasında anket kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: 175 kadın 41 erkek çocuk hekiminden oluşan katılımcılar arasında, GTT konusunda en fazla bilinen yöntemler olarak probiyotikler %29,2, masaj %13,4, balneoloji %11,5, akupunktur %8,7 ve bitkisel tedaviler %8,7 öne çıkmaktadır. Katılımcıların en çok kullandığı yöntemlerin masaj (%21,8), bitkisel tedaviler (%9,7) ve akupunktur (%8,8) olduğu görülmüştür. Çocuk hekimlerinin %90,7’si daha önce GTT konusunda herhangi bir eğitim almadıklarını, %69’u ise bu konuda tıp fakültesi eğitimi sürecinde ders konulmasını istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç: Çocuk hekimlerinin GTT yöntemleri konusunda bilgi ve deneyimlerinin yetersiz olduğu ve tıp fakültesi veya uzmanlık döneminde konu ile ilgili eğitim almak istedikleri tespit edilmiştir
ÜREME SEZONUNDA SENKRONİZE EDİLEN KEÇİLERDE DONDURULMUŞ SPERMA İLE FARKLI ZAMANLARDA YAPILAN SERVİKAL TOHUMLAMALARIN GEBELİK ORANLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: KARACA Fikret , COŞKUN ÇETİN Nurdan , DEMİREZER Haydar , YALÇIN Oğuz Kaan , ATEŞ Cafer Tayyar
Published: May 2021

Çalışmada üreme mevsimindeki keçilerde vaginal sünger uygulaması ile senkronizasyon sonrası farklı zamanlarda gerçekleştirilen intra servikal tohumlamaların başarısı değerlendirildi. Çalışmada yaşları 2-5 arasında değişen, en az bir doğum yapmış, klinik olarak sağlıklı toplam 120 baş Damascus ırkı keçi kullanıldı. Keçiler tesadüfi olarak 4 eşit gruba ayrıldı (n=30). Keçilere senkronizasyon amacıyla progesteron içeren vaginal süngerler takıldı ve 9 gün boyunca vaginada tutuldu. Süngerlerin çıkarılması esnasında 200 IU PMSG ve 250 mcg PGF2α uygulandı. Suni tohumlama uygulamaları vajinal süngerlerlerin çıkarılmasını izleyen 44-48. (Grup I), 48-52. (Grup II), 52-56. (Grup III) ve 56-60. (Grup IV) saatler arasında Saanen ırkı tekelere ait dondurulmuş ithal sperma payetleri ile intraservikal olarak gerçekleştirildi. Suni tohumlama uygulamalarından 21 gün sonra kan örnekleri alınarak gebeliklerin teşhisi için progesteron seviyesine bakıldı, ayrıca 50. günlerde ultrasonografik görüntüleme ile gebeliklerin tayini yapıldı. 21. ve 50. günlerdeki gebelik oranları sırasıyla % 40.0, % 26.6; % 23.3, % 20.0; % 36.6, % 20 ve son grupta % 30, % 23.3 olarak belirlendi. Abort oranları sırasıyla % 12.5, % 16.6, % 16.6 ve % 14.3 olarak kaydedildi. Doğum ve fertilite oranları sırasıyla grup I’de % 87.5, % 23.3; grup II’de % 83.3, % 16.6; grup III’de % 83.3, % 16.6 ve grup IV’de % 85.7, % 20.0 olarak belirlendi. Fertilite parametreleri bakımından gruplar arasında fark bulunmaması nedeniyle dondurulmuş-çözdürülmüş sperma kullanılarak yapılan intraservikal tohumlamaların vaginal süngerlerin çekilmesini takiben 44-60. saatler arasında yapılabileceği kanaatine varıldı.
İran’da Koyun ve Keçilerde Küçükbaş Ruminant Morbillivirusunun (SRMV) Seroprevalansı
Authors: BABAOĞLU Ali Rıza , MAHZOUNIEH Mohammadreza , BILGE DAGALP Seval
Published: May 2021

Küçükbaş ruminantların morbillivirusu (SRMV), daha önceki adıyla peste-des-petits ruminants virus (PPRV) enfeksiyonu, küçükbaş ruminantların ekonomik olarak en önemli hastalıklarından biridir. Bu çalışmada, İran'daki küçükbaş ruminantlarda PPRV enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, İran’ın 9 farklı eyaletindeki (Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Hormozgan, Esfahan, Fars, Kordestan, Gilan, Shahrekord) işletmelerden elde edilen ve İran/Şehrekord Üniversitesi tanı laboratuvarı stoklarında bulunan kan serumu örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu işletmelerde PPRV enfeksiyonuna karşı aşılama yapılmadığı öğrenilmiştir. PPRV, N proteinine karşı gelişen spesifik antikorların tespiti amacıyla, 9 farklı eyaletten elde edilen ve İran/Shahrekord Üniversitesi tanı laboratuvarına getirilen 444 koyun ve 58 keçiden alınan toplam 502 kan serumu örneği C-ELISA kiti (ID Screen® PPRV Competition) ile kontrol edilmiştir. PPRV seropozitiflik oranı % 53,38 (268/502) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Örnek alınan eyaletlerden Gilan hariç hepsi PPRV yönünden seropozitif olarak tespit edilmiş ve eyaletlere göre seropozitiflik dağılımının %12.5 - 96.29 oranları arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hayvan türlerine göre seropozitiflik değerlerine bakıldığında ise, örneklenen koyunların %53.6’sı (238/444) ve keçilerin %51.7’si (30/58) PPRV spesifik antikorları yönünden pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. PPRV enfeksiyonunun İran’da endemik olduğu bir kez daha ortaya konmuş; Türkiye’nin sınır komşusu olan İran ve hayvan hareketlerinin sınırlandırılmasının zorluğuna dikkat çekilerek, enfeksiyondan korunmada en etkili yolun duyarlı populasyonun aşılanması üzerinde durulması gerekliliği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Türk Karasularında Meydana Gelen Gemi Kazalarının Analizi: Bir Veri Madenciliği Uygulaması
Authors: KARABACAK Ahmet , KÖSEOĞLU Burak
Published: May 2021

Dünya ticaret hacminin büyük bir bölümünün taşınmasına aracılık eden denizyolu taşımacılığı, içinde bulunduğu koşulların değişkenliğinden ötürü her an tehlike ile karşılaşılma olasılığı yüksek bir taşımacılık türüdür. Yaşanabilecek en ufak bir olumsuzluğun dahi çok tehlikeli sonuçlar doğurduğu geçmiş yıllarda görülmüştür. Bu sebeple kaza nedenlerini tespit ederek farkındalığı artırmak, önleyici tedbirler geliştirmek için politika oluşturmak adına deniz kaza analizlerinin doğru bir biçimde yapılması ve değerlendirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Büyük veri yığınları içinden anlamlı bilgilere ulaşıp bilgisayar programlarıyla tahmin edici ve tanımlayıcı yorumlar yapmamıza olanak sağlayan veri madenciliği yöntemiyle deniz kazalarının analizinin yapılması çalışmanın temel konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk karasularında gerçekleşen deniz kazaları incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacını deniz kazalarında hangi değişkenlerin birlikte hareket ettiğini, veri madenciliğinin önemli analiz yöntemlerinden biri olan birliktelik kuralıyla tespit etmek oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde kazalarda; gemi yük durumu, gemide kılavuz kaptanın varlığı, baş iter ve kıç iter gibi donanımların durumu, gemi bayrağı, gemi tipi ve meteorolojik etkenlerin etkili birer değişken olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sinop İli Trol Teknelerinin Birim Av Gücü ve Ekonomik Yapısının İncelenmesi
Authors: YÜCEL Şennan , KURUMAHMUT Muhammet
Published: May 2021

Araştırma, Sinop ilinde trol avcılığı yapan teknelerin ekonomik durumunu ortaya koymak maksadıyla, 2018-2019 balıkçılık sezonunda gerçekleştirilmiştir.Sinop iline kayıtlı trol teknelerinin avcılık faaliyetine katkısı, birim av güçlerinin tespiti, ekonomik analizi ve Sinop trol balıkçılığının gelir gider tablosu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgularla Sinop trol balıkçılığının başarılı ya da zayıf noktaları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sinop İline kayıtlı olan 21 adet trol teknesi tespit edilmiş olup bunların içinden aktif dip trolü balıkçılığı yapan rastgele 8 tanesi ile yüzü yüze görüşme ve anket yoluyla çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veri paylaşımı yapmayı kabul etmeyen 3 tekne çıkarılarak, kalan 5 teknenin verileri birincil veri olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Çalışma kapsamında incelenen trol teknelerinin bürüt hasılaları sırasıyla; 563990 TL; 471075 TL; 488405 TL; 644155 TL ve 300675 TL, toplam yıllık İşletme masrafları sırasıyla; 497606 TL; 428647 TL; 438647 TL; 510801 TL ve 268852 TL, net kârları sırasıyla; 66384 TL; 42995 TL; 49758 TL; 133354 TL ve 31823 TL olarak tespit edilmiştir.Çalışma sonucunda örneklenen teknelerin 2018-2019 av sezonunda kârlı oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
The helminth fauna of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a sub-alpine lake revisited after 40 years with introduced European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
Authors: Borgstrøm Reidar , Hatleli Mestrand Øyvind , Brittain John E. , Lien Leif
Published: May 2021

The helminth fauna of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Norwegian subalpine lake, Øvre Heimdalsvatn was studied by examination of gills, eyes, body cavity, kidney, stomach, pyloric region and intestine in a total of 112 brown trout randomly sampled in June, July, and September 2011. Ten helminth species, Discocotyle sagittata, Phyllodistomum umblae, Crepidostomum farionis, C. metoecus, Diplostomum sp., Proteocephalus sp., Cyathocephalus truncatus, Dibothriocephalus ditremus, D. dendriticus, and Capillaria sp. were identified. These data were compared to data from the period 1969 to 1972, just after the first record of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) in 1969. All ten helminth species, except D. dendriticus, were also present in 1969–72. However, a few major changes in infection intensities have occurred. The cestode D. ditremus and the trematode Diplostomum sp., both with piscivorous birds as final hosts, had markedly higher relative densities (abundance) in brown trout in 2011 compared to 1969–72, while the two Crepidostomum species showed a substantial decline in relative densities. We suggest that these changes may be indirectly related to the establishment and subsequent population increase of European minnow in the lake. The abundance of minnows may have increased the food basis for the piscivorous birds, primarily mergansers and the black-throated diver that now regularly forage in the lake. In addition, there have been changes in the littoral invertebrate community, including species serving as intermediate hosts of some of the brown trout parasites.
Walking as Fieldwork Method in Ethnomusicology
Authors: Aduonum Ama Oforiwaa
Published: May 2021

Ethnomusicologists walk a lot. Walking brings us closer to our teachers, who give us knowledge about ndwom, and reveals important insights into how a locale is laid out, helping us to develop local literacy and an embodied understanding of the scales and rhythms of the society. Walking is one approach without which we would not be laughing, dancing, singing, sharing, or eating with people through ndwom. Walking takes us to our teachers’ houses for lessons and interviews and to archives, rituals, and performances. Yet many publications that address fieldwork in ethnomusicology overlook this crucial part of our research process. Drawing on my own field research at Kormantse in Ghana and on others’ research, I discuss how walking informs us as ethnomusicologists and suggest how it could be incorporated into our work.

Amambra mu ndwom ho adzesua nhwewhεmufo bͻ aporͻw pii. Aporͻbͻ anaa nantsew twe hεn bεn hεn akyerεkyerεfo a wͻma hεn ndwom ho nyimdzee na wobue hεn enyi wͻ mbrε wosi hyehyε/siesie mbea pͻtsee a dwumadzi bi kͻ do no hͻn ho. Iyi boa ma yetu hεn nyimdzee a yεwͻ fa biribi n’abͻse/sibea mu mpon. Nantsew yε kwan kor a sε yekwetsir a, yennkotum edua ndwontow do nye nkorͻfo edzidzi, aserew, asaw anaa atow ndwom; nantsew san boa hεn ma yetum kͻ hεn akyerεkyerεfo hͻn efiefi kosua adze na yεtoto hͻn ano fa nsεm pii ho; yεnam do so yε nhwehwεmu wͻ nsεndahͻ mu, atͻrmuadze na ͻyεkyerε ahorow mu. Eso, iyi nyina ekyir no, akyerεw ahorow a ͻkasa fa aporͻbͻ a ͻkͻ do wͻ amambra mu ndwom ho adzesua na nhwehwεmu ho no bu hͻn enyi gu dεm asεnhia yi do. Mirigyina mankasa me nhwehwεmu a meyεε no wͻ Kormantse a ͻwͻ Ghana na dza afofor bi ayε do no, merebεpεnsampεnsa mbrε nantsew/aporͻbͻ si boa hεn dε yεyε amambra mu ndwom ho adzesua nhwehwεmufo na medze nsusui a ͻbͻboa hεn ma yeehu mbrε yebesi dze nantsew na aporͻbͻ ahyehyε hεn dzwumadzi mu.
“Out of Time” and “Out of Tune”: Reflections of an Oud Apprentice in Somaliland
Authors: Woolner Christina J.
Published: May 2021

In this article, I use my oud lessons in Somaliland as a point of departure to reflect on the analytical and methodological potential of musical apprenticeship, with a particular focus on what and how we might learn from playing “out of time” and “out of tune.” Organized around three lessons, each beginning in a moment of “mistuning,” I reflect both on what it means to become the kind of person who can make music in a religiously contested postwar context and on the process of mistake-making, by which apprentices come into new knowledge about music-making and musical personhood.

Qoraalkan wuxuu ku saabsan yahay casharradaydii kabanka ee Somaliland. Waxaan halkan ku qeexayaa habka iyo falanqaynta barashada muusigga, gaar ahaan waxaan idiin hogatusaalayn doonaa qaabka looga baran karo codka jaban iyo laaxinka. Waxaan qaadaadhigayaa saddex cashar oo mid walba ku furmayo cod doorsamay iyo laaxin. Anoo isticmaalaya khaladadaydii barashada kabanka, waxaan dib u eegayaa sida uu ku hirgalo muusigistaha ku barbaarey xaalad gaar aa oo ka dhalataye hirdanka ka dhexeeya diinta iyo fanka dagaalladii sokeeye ka dib ee Somaliland. Waxaan sidoo kale falanqaynayaa hannaanka kufa-kaca ah ee qofka gacan yaraha ahi uu ku kasboda aqoon cusub oo qusaya curinta muusigga iyo kaalintiisa muusigyahannimo.
Music under the Ground: Ethnomusicological Research on the Ground-Bow in Africa
Authors: Kyker Jennifer
Published: May 2021

This article places ethnographic fieldwork in Zimbabwe into dialogue with over a century of literature on the ground-bow throughout sub-Saharan Africa. I begin by arguing that the term “ground harp,” which is technically correct according to the rigid demands of Western organology, has obscured the instrument’s multivalent relationships to other African musical bows. I proceed to illustrate how the ground-bow’s reach extends far beyond the equatorial region commonly identified as its historic distribution zone. I argue that several specific disciplinary orientations have contributed to obscuring the actual extent of the ground-bow’s distribution. Among them, I discuss ethnomusicology’s long-standing bias against the study of children’s music and an unevenly applied discourse of “ethnomusicology at home” that risks consolidating European and American perspectives while further marginalizing non-Western—and particularly African—voices. I conclude by discussing the social dimensions of the ground-bow, which is nearly universally described as a children’s instrument.
Whale Calling
Authors: Steingo Gavin
Published: May 2021

In Zakes Mda’s novel The Whale Caller, the protagonist establishes an intimate relationship with a whale by playing music on a horn. This article considers Mda’s novel alongside ethnographic work with the book’s “real-world” referent in Hermanus, South Africa. What do whales hear when they hear us? Are whales musical creatures? Deploying an eclectic method, I examine possible answers to these questions in an effort to think about music and sound beyond the human. In our era of ecological destruction and anti-Black violence, human-animal interactions offer important insights into what we have in common and how we share the earth.

Kwinoveli kaZakes Mda ethi, The Whale Caller, umlinganiswa ophambili wakha ubuhlobo obusondeleyo nomnenga ngokudlala umculo ngexilongo. Eli nqaku liqwalasela inoveli kaMda kunye nomsebenzi wenkcubeko nowamasiko abantu noko kumelwe yincwadi le “kwindawo yokwenene” eHermanus, eMzantsi Afrika. Yintoni eviwa yiminenga xa isimamele? Ngaba iminenga zizidalwa ezingamanxila engoma? Ndicaphula kwimithombo engafaniyo, ndiphonononga iimpendulo zale mibuzo ngelizama ukucinga ngomculo nezandi ezingaphaya kwendlebe yomntu. Kweli xesha lethu lokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo nobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabaNtsundu, ukudibana kwabantu nezilwanyana kusibonisa izinto ezibalulekileyo esifana ngazo nakwindlela esabelana ngayo ngeplanethi enguMhlaba.
Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Pontarolo Giovanna Bobato , Neumann Mikael ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Cristo Fernando Braga ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Stadler Júnior Edelmir Silvio ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Souza André Martins de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Machado Milena Pontarolo ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Bonato Melina Aparecida ,   ICC Brasil, Borges Liliana Longo ,   ICC Brasil, Bumbieris Junior Valter Harry ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Silva Marlon Richard Hilario da ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: May 2021

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.
Performance of crossbred Holstein x Gyr dairy cows, with and without energy supplementation, in BRS Kurumi elephant grass pastures
Authors: Moraes Conrado Trigo , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Gomide Carlos Augusto Miranda , Paciullo Domingos Sávio Campos , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz
Published: May 2021

This study evaluated the effect of energy supplementation with ground corn on the performance of crossbred dairy cows in BRS Kurumi elephant grass pastures managed under rotational stocking during the rainy season. Six Holstein × Gyr cows were used, with average milk production, body weight, body condition score, and days in milk of 18.0±2.89 kg day−1, 560±66 kg, 2.50±0.21, and 99±12, respectively. The experimental design used was the complete reversion (switchback), and the evaluations were conducted over three grazing cycles, with adaptation periods of 14 days and six days of sample collection. The concentrate supplement (ground corn) was supplied twice a day, at a rate of 2 kg cow−1 day−1 in the morning and 1 kg cow−1 day−1 in the afternoon (as-fed basis). A reduction of 23.4% was observed in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake (PDMI) in cows that received energy supplementation, which corresponds to 2.96 kg day-1 less of PDMI when compared to the group without supplementation. This corresponds to a substitution rate of 1.1 kg of pasture per kg of concentrate consumed (DM basis), which reduced the intake (kg cow−1 day−1) of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein by 18.9% and 13.9% in the cows that received ground corn. There were increases of 11.8%, 9.0%, and 10.1%, respectively, in the milk yield, the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, and the energy-corrected milk yield of the cows that received ground corn. The response to supplementation in kg of milk per kg of DM of concentrate consumed was 0.57, and the milk contents of fat, protein, and lactose did not differ between treatments. The energy supplementation with 3 kg cow−1 day−1 of ground corn resulted in an increase of 11.8% in the milk yield of Holstein × Gyr dairy cows grazed on BRS Kurumi elephant grass, as well as promoted increases in the daily protein, lactose, and total solids yields. In addition, the provision of 3 kg day−1 of ground corn for lactating cows grazing on BRS Kurumi increased the efficiency in the use of dietary nitrogen.
Burnout among caregivers in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights and challenges
Authors: Franc-Guimond Julie , Hogues Valérie
Published: May 2021

The arrival of COVID-19 modified the way we live, care, teach, and self-care tremendously. Indeed, our personal and professional lives were much affected, and despite the fact that Canadian healthcare workers (HCW) and systems had some time to prepare in comparison to other countries, we faced a scenario that resembled no other. Adding the negative effects of a never-before-seen pandemic to the already well-known risk of burnout among HCW could surely increase the likelihood of colleagues, as well as ourselves, being affected. We hereby reviewed the numerous factors that could increase the risk of burnout amid this ongoing pandemic.