bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of sociology of voluntary blood donation
Authors: Raivola Vera , Thorpe Rachel
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives

Maintaining stable blood supplies presents an increasing challenge for blood collection agencies (BCAs). Novel and multidisciplinary approaches and research have been called for to understand the mechanisms underlying the trends. The current body of sociological research on blood donation is a potentially valuable resource, but it is dispersed over different publications and theoretical frameworks.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a scoping review of sociological research on voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donation to identify insights and practical applications for researchers and BCAs.

Results

Four organizing themes were identified: donated blood, blood donors, organizations and blood service systems. Key challenges associated with the organization of voluntary blood donation exist at the institutional and systems levels, and they may not be readily resolved by interventions focussed solely on the individual donor level. We identified opportunities for organizations to build trust with donors and the public through communications and working with communities to promote inclusion in blood donation.

Conclusion

The results support a multidisciplinary approach and research for BCAs to move forward and find novel ways to ensure safe, resilient blood service systems.
Multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis linked to contact with backyard poultry—United States, 2015–2022
Authors: Stapleton G. Sean , Habrun Caroline , Nemechek Kaylea , Gollarza Lauren , Ellison Zachary , Tolar Beth , Koski Lia , Brandenburg Joshua M. , Salah Zainab , Palacios Alexandra , Basler Colin , Varela Kate , Nichols Megin , Benedict Katharine
Published: April 2024

Aims

Contact with backyard poultry (i.e., privately‐owned, non‐commercial poultry) was first associated with a multistate outbreak of salmonellosis in 1955. In recent years, backyard poultry‐associated salmonellosis outbreaks have caused more illnesses in the United States than salmonellosis outbreaks linked to any other type of animal. Here, we describe the epidemiology of outbreaks from 2015–2022 to inform prevention efforts.

Methods and Results

During 2015–2022, there were 88 multistate backyard poultry‐associated salmonellosis outbreaks and 7866 outbreak‐associated illnesses caused by 21 different Salmonella serotypes. Salmonella Enteritidis accounted for the most outbreaks (n = 21) and illnesses (n = 2400) of any serotype. Twenty‐four percent (1840/7727) of patients with available information were <5 years of age. In total, 30% (1710/5644) of patients were hospitalized, and nine deaths were attributed to Salmonella infection. Throughout this period, patients reported behaviours that have a higher risk of Salmonella transmission, including kissing or snuggling poultry or allowing poultry inside their home.

Conclusions

Despite ongoing efforts to reduce the burden of salmonellosis associated with backyard poultry, outbreak‐associated illnesses have nearly tripled and hospitalizations more than quadrupled compared with those in 1990–2014. Because this public health problem is largely preventable, government officials, human and veterinary healthcare providers, hatcheries, and retailers might improve the prevention of illnesses by widely disseminating health and safety recommendations to the public and by continuing to develop and implement prevention measures to reduce zoonotic transmission of Salmonella by backyard poultry.
On a multiplier operator induced by the Schwarzian derivative of univalent functions
Authors: Jin Jianjun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study a multiplier operator which is induced by the Schwarzian derivative of univalent functions with a quasiconformal extension to the extended complex plane. As applications, we show that the Brennan conjecture is satisfied for a large class of quasidisks. We also establish a new characterization of asymptotically conformal curves and of the Weil–Petersson curves in terms of the multiplier operator.
Inhomogeneous deformations of Einstein solvmanifolds
Authors: Thompson Adam
Published: April 2024

For each non‐flat, unimodular Ricci soliton solvmanifold , we construct a one‐parameter family of complete, expanding, gradient Ricci solitons that admit a cohomogeneity one isometric action by . The orbits of this action are hypersurfaces homothetic to . These metrics are asymptotic at one end to an Einstein solvmanifold. In the one‐parameter family, exactly one metric is Einstein, and exactly one has orbits that are isometric to .
The Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture for systems of linear forms
Authors: Ramírez Felipe A.
Published: April 2024

We extend the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture to the setting of systems of linear forms in variables. That is, we establish a criterion to determine whether, for a given rate of approximation, almost all or almost no ‐by‐ systems of linear forms are approximable at that rate using integer vectors satisfying a natural coprimality condition. When , this is the classical 1941 Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture, which was proved in 2020 by Koukoulopoulos and Maynard. Pollington and Vaughan proved the higher dimensional version, where and , in 1990. The general statement we prove here was conjectured in 2009 by Beresnevich, Bernik, Dodson, and Velani. For approximations with no coprimality requirement, they also conjectured a generalized version of Catlin's conjecture, and in 2010, Beresnevich and Velani proved the cases of that. Catlin's classical conjecture, where , follows from the classical Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture. The remaining cases of the generalized version, where and , follow from our main result. Finally, through the mass transference principle, our main results imply their Hausdorff measure analogues, which were also conjectured by Beresnevich et al.
Financial Inclusion, Globalization and Structural Transformation in Developing Countries: A Finite Mixture-of-Regressions Approach
Authors: Sawadogo Relwendé , Sawadogo Pegdéwendé Nestor , Kinda Romuald Somlanaré
Published: April 2024

Industrialization plays a key role in job creation and economic development. We extend the abundant literature on the determinants of industrialization by exploring the potential effects of financial inclusion in 64 developing countries over the period 2000-2020. Using a finite mixture regression model, we find that our sample is best described by a model with three classes of countries. We then incorporate the potential presence of hidden heterogeneity and, we explain the class membership of countries based on globalization. We find that the impact of financial inclusion on industrialization differs across these three classes of countries. Specifically, financial inclusion is negatively associated with industrialization in the first class of countries where the level of industrialization is low, while it positively affects industrialization in relatively more industrialized countries (class 2 and class 3). We also show that better-integrated countries into the global economy are more likely to be in the class where financial inclusion promotes industrialization. Our results are robust to several robustness checks. Our findings suggest that developing countries could reap more benefits from financial inclusion by strengthening their integration into the global economy.
Human Demodex mites (Acari: Demodicidae) as a possible etiological factor in Rosacea: A cross-sectional study from Turkey
Authors: Zeytun Erhan , Yazici Mustafa
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and burden of Demodex mites in patients with rosacea, and to investigate their potential contribution to the aetiology of rosacea. The study included 82 patients (44 with papulopustular rosacea and 38 with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea) diagnosed with rosacea by clinical examination and 82 healthy controls without dermatologic disease. Samples were obtained from each participant from the cheek, nasolabial, and chin regions using standardised skin surface biopsy (SSSB). Samples were examined under a light microscope, and Demodex species were identified and counted. Demodex positivity (≥5 mites) was detected in 91% of patients and 20% of controls in the study (p< 0.01). Only D. folliculorum (total 1328, mean 44.27/cm2) was detected in 37% of patients and D. folliculorum + D. brevis coinfection (total 6071, mean 134.91/cm2) in 55% of patients. Only D. folliculorum (total 97, mean 6.06/cm2) was detected in 20% of healthy controls, while D. folliculorum + D. brevis co-infection was not detected. The study showed that Demodex burden in patients with rosacea was approximately 30 times higher than in healthy controls and was caused by coinfection of D. folliculorum and D. brevis (mean Demodex burden: 179.18/cm2 in patients, 6.06/cm2 in healthy controls). It was concluded that Demodex infestation, especially co-infection with D. folliculorum and D. brevis, may be a potential factor in the aetiology of rosacea that should not be ignored in the clinic, and that it may be appropriate to initiate antiparasitic treatment when the parasite is detected.
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren in South India
Authors: Deshpande Vinuta , Kalgutkar Pratiksha , Silva Ana Filipa , Flôres Fábio Saraiva
Published: April 2024

The Affordances for Motor Behavior of Schoolchildren (AMBS) is a standardized self-reporting tool comprising 73 questions, organized into seven sections aiming to assess affordances in children’s regular contexts. This investigation aims to establish the reliability and validity of the results obtained from the AMBS in South Indian children. The AMBS reliability and construct validity were evaluated in 393 Indian families whose children were aged between 6 and 10 years old. The internal consistency of the AMBS was evaluated by retesting the tool in a subsample of 30 families following a 14-day interval between assessments (intraclass correlation coefficient), showing a reliability level of .933. The validity of the scale was evaluated using the confirmatory factor analysis. The model that was tested indicated a very good fit, and the structural model presented significant loading coefficients from the identified variables to the theoretically specified latent factors. Positively significant correlation values were found between factors: home and materials (r = .78), home and school (r = .55), and materials and school (r = .77). Our findings suggest that AMBS is a reliable assessment tool and can evaluate the affordances provided to South Indian children. This information can be used to develop interventions to improve the physical activity levels of these children.
Relationships Among Baseline Concussion Balance Test and Gaze Stability Test Scores in Division-I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Quintana Carolina P. , Olson Anne D. , Heebner Nicholas R. , Hoch Matthew C.
Published: April 2024

Context: Sports-related concussions are commonly occurring injuries as a result of sports and recreation that may cause alterations in brain functioning. It is important to be able to evaluate the impact of these injuries on function to manage the injury recovery and ensure recovery. Recent literature suggests the use of objective evaluation strategies in a multifaceted approach to evaluate and manage these injuries. It is important to understand the relationships between the assessments and how best to utilize each assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate if relationships exist between measures of vestibular function at baseline in assessments that may be used following sports-related concussions. Additionally, a secondary purpose was to determine if self-reported symptoms were related to performance on the assessments. This study aimed to identify if these assessments measured independent functions of the vestibulo–ocular reflex or if some redundancy existed among the assessment strategies. Design: A cross-sectional study design was used in a cohort of collegiate athletes ages 18–24. Methods: Participants completed demographics questionnaires, the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, Gaze Stabilization Test, and Concussion Balance Test. Spearman rho correlations were used to examine the relationships between the measures. Results: One hundred and thirty-five collegiate athletes (82 males and 53 females) were included, representative of 3 sports (cheerleading, soccer, and football) with a mean age of 19.77 (1.42) years old. There were weak to moderate, significant relationships between measures of Gaze Stabilization Test and Concussion Balance Test errors (r = .20–.31, P = .001–.03). Conclusions: The direction of these relationships indicated that greater Concussion Balance Test errors were associated with greater Gaze Stabilization Test performance. These relationships may be attributed to the difficulty created by the foam conditions and the integration of more complex sensory tasks required to maintain balance during the more difficult conditions.
The nucleoside analog 4′-fluorouridine suppresses the replication of multiple enteroviruses by targeting 3D polymerase
Authors: Chen Yongkang , Li Xiaohong , Han Fengyang , Ji Beihong , Li Yuan , Yan Jingjing , Wang Min , Fan Jun , Zhang Shuye , Lu Lu , Zou Peng
Published: April 2024

Human enteroviruses are the major pathogens causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease in infants and young children throughout the world, and infection with enterovirus is also associated with severe complications, such as aseptic meningitis and myocarditis. However, there are no antiviral drugs available to treat enteroviruses infection at present. In this study, we found that 4′-fluorouridine (4′-FlU), a nucleoside analog with low cytotoxicity, exhibited broad-spectrum activity against infections of multiple enteroviruses with EC50 values at low micromolar levels, including coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), CV-A16, CV-A6, CV-A7, CV-B3, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), EV-A89, EV-D68, and echovirus 6. With further investigation, the results indicated that 4′-FlU directly interacted with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of enterovirus, the 3D
pol
, and impaired the polymerase activity of 3D
pol
, hence inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and significantly suppressing viral replication. Our ﬁndings suggest that 4′-FlU could be promisingly developed as a broad-spectrum direct-acting antiviral agent for anti-enteroviruses therapy.
Identification of novel resistance-associated mutations and discrimination within whole-genome sequences of fluoroquinolone-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates
Authors: Chong Yingzhi , Li Xueying , Long Yifei , Pei Shengfei , Ren Qi , Feng Fumin , Zhang Haibo
Published: April 2024

This study aims to elucidate additional mutation loci associated with fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance and evaluate the discriminatory capacity of mutation loci and allele mutation frequencies in identifying FQ-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) isolates. A random selection of isolates was extracted from an ongoing collection. Drug resistance was determined using the resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) as the gold standard. Mutation loci and the burden of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) were elucidated through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Novel amino acid mutations, namely, G520D and G520T, were identified in the gyrB and associated with FQ resistance. In the context of distinguishing FQ-resistant isolates, the AUC for the QRDR mutation frequency burden (0.969) surpassed that of the mutation locus (0.929), and this difference was statistically significant (
P
= 0.03). Furthermore, using the resistance mutation locus as a reference, setting the QRDR mutation frequency burden threshold at 1.31% resulted in a 3.60% increase in the accuracy of classifying FQ-resistant isolates (NRI = 3.60%,
P
< 0.001). The QRDR mutation frequency burden appears to offer superior diagnostic efficacy in discriminating FQ-resistant isolates compared to qualitative detection of mutant loci.

IMPORTANCE

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) drugs are recommended as second-line drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. With the massive use of FQ drugs in the clinical treatment of tuberculosis (TB), there is an increasing rate of drug resistance to FQ drugs. In this study, we identified and demonstrated novel amino acid mutations associated with FQ resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB), and we quantified the mutation sites and identified the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutation frequency burden as a novel diagnostic method for FQ resistance. We hope that the results of this study will provide data support and a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of FQ-resistant MTB.
Thick- and thin-skinned contractional styles and the tectonic evolution of the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Colorado, USA
Authors: Lindsey David A. , Caine Jonathan Saul
Published: April 2024

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, USA, contain an unusual combination of thick- and thin-skinned contractional structures involving both basement and cover rocks in the Laramide Rocky Mountain foreland. These structures are truncated by down-faulted extensional basins to the east and west. Together with synorogenic sediments, these structures preserve a record of the rise of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, the Laramide orogeny, and Rio Grande rifting. Laramide structures within the mountains provide clues to processes that link the three events and to necessary conditions for thin-skinned and thick-skinned contractional structures to form together in continental interiors.

To examine the full variety of structural styles, a portion of the northern Sangre de Cristo fold- and-thrust belt in Colorado was described and interpreted using geologic maps and structural cross-sections. Stratigraphic relations of the Ancestral Rocky Mountain highlands and basin fill were reconstructed from existing maps. These relations allow identification of faults inherited from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, differentiation of thrust sheets, and in some cases, estimation of the magnitude of displacement. To examine relations between Laramide thrusts and Rio Grande rifting, kinematic data were collected from a thrust fault adjacent to rift faults.

Three thrust fault styles were recognized: thin-skinned basement, thin-skinned cover rocks, and thick-skinned basement. Thin-skinned thrusts arising from a hinterland beneath the present San Luis Valley carried sheets of Proterozoic basement rocks northeast over a Laramide foreland. These basement thrusts are interpreted to be faults of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains that reactivated during the Laramide orogeny. The Laramide foreland consists of thin-skinned thrusts and folds in sedimentary cover rocks as young as 49 Ma. Both thin-skinned thrusts in basement and cover rocks are bounded by thick-skinned basement thrusts that moved intermittently throughout the Laramide orogeny.

We infer that thin-skinned thrusts form in continental interiors where deformation is focused in weak strata of thick basin fill and in fluid-reaction weakened preexisting faults in basement rocks. Both conditions are met in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Basement thrusts adjacent to the San Luis Valley contain evidence of plastic contractional microstructures overprinted by extensional microstructures that may record the transition from Laramide contraction to Rio Grande extension of the crust.
Trends in outcomes used to measure the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults with experience of domestic and sexual violence and abuse: a scoping review
Authors: Carlisle Sophie , Bunce Annie , Prina Matthew , Cook Elizabeth , Barbosa Estela Capelas , McManus Sally , Feder Gene , Lewis Natalia V
Published: April 2024

Objectives

In the UK, a range of support services and interventions are available to people who have experienced or perpetrated domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA). However, it is currently not clear which outcomes and outcome measures are used to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this review is to summarise, map and identify trends in outcome measures in evaluations of DSVA services and interventions in the UK.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, ASSIA, IBSS, Sociological abstracts and SSCI electronic databases were searched from inception until 21 June 2022. Grey literature sources were identified and searched.

Eligibility

We included randomised controlled trials, non-randomised comparative studies, pre–post studies and service evaluations, with at least one outcome relating to the effectiveness of the support intervention or service for people who have experienced and/or perpetrated DSVA. Outcomes had to be assessed at baseline and at least one more time point, or compared with a comparison group.

Charting methods

Outcome measures were extracted, iteratively thematically grouped into categories, domains and subdomains, and trends were explored.

Results

80 studies reporting 87 DSVA interventions or services were included. A total of 426 outcome measures were extracted, of which 200 were used more than once. The most commonly reported outcome subdomain was DSVA perpetration. Cessation of abuse according to the Severity of Abuse Grid was the most common individual outcome. Analysis of temporal trends showed that the number of studies and outcomes used has increased since the 1990s.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight inconsistencies between studies in outcome measurement. The increase in the number of studies and variety of measures suggests that as evaluation of DSVA services and interventions matures, there is an increased need for a core of common, reliable metrics to aid comparability.

Protocol registration

https://osf.io/frh2e.
Appropriateness of prescribing profiles and intake adherence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: analysis of a retrospective longitudinal study using real-world data from Northern Portugal (AF-React Study)
Authors: Silva Pinto Susana , Henriques Teresa S , Teixeira Andreia Sofia Costa , Monteiro Hugo , Martins Carlos
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of prescribing profiles and intake adherence to non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Design

Retrospective longitudinal study.

Setting

The study was conducted in the Regional Health Administration of Northern Portugal.

Participants

The authors selected a database of 21 854 patients with prescriptions for NOACs between January 2016 and December 2018 and were classified with AF until December 2018.

Outcome measures

The appropriate dosage of NOAC for patients with AF divided into three categories: contraindicated, inconsistent and consistent, based on the 2020 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for AF.

Results

Dabigatran had a lower percentage of guideline-consistent doses (n=1657, 50.1%) than other drugs such as rivaroxaban (n=4737, 81.6%), apixaban (n=3830, 78.7%) and edoxaban (n=436, 82.1%). Most patients with an inconsistent dose were prescribed a lower dose than recommended based on their glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Among patients younger than 75 years with GFR >60 mL/min, 59.8% (n=10 028) had an adequate GFR range, while 27.8% (n=7166) of GFR measurements from patients older than 75 years old and 29.4% (n=913) of GFR measurements from patients younger than 75 years with GFR <60 mL/min were within an adequate time range. Adherence to NOACs varied across different drugs, with 59.1% (n=540) adhering to edoxaban, 56.3% (n=5443) to rivaroxaban, 55.3% (n=3143) to dabigatran and 53.3% (n=4211) to apixaban.

Conclusions

Dabigatran had the lowest percentage of guideline-consistent doses. Patients younger than 75 years with GFR >60 mL/min had the highest percentage with an adequate GFR range, while other groups who require closer GFR monitoring had lower percentages within an adequate GFR range. Adherence to NOACs differed among different drugs, with greater adherence to treatment with edoxaban and less adherence to apixaban.
Carbon footprint of healthcare systems: a systematic review of evidence and methods
Authors: Keil Mattis , Frehse Leonie , Hagemeister Marco , Knieß Mona , Lange Oliver , Kronenberg Tobias , Rogowski Wolf
Published: April 2024

Objective

Given the demand for net-zero healthcare, the carbon footprint (CF) of healthcare systems has attracted increasing interest in research in recent years. This systematic review investigates the results and methodological transparency of CF calculations of healthcare systems. The methodological emphasis lies specifically on input–output based calculations.

Design

Systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.

Data sources

PubMed, Web of Science, EconBiz, Scopus and Google Scholar were initially searched on 25 November 2019. Search updates in PubMed and Web of Science were considered until December 2023. The search was complemented by reference tracking within all the included studies.

Eligibility criteria

We included original studies that calculated and reported the CF of one or more healthcare systems. Studies were excluded if the specific systems were not named or no information on the calculation method was provided.

Data extraction and synthesis

Within the initial search, two independent reviewers searched, screened and extracted information from the included studies. A checklist was developed to extract information on results and methodology and assess the included studies’ transparency.

Results

15 studies were included. The mean ratio of healthcare system emissions to total national emissions was 4.9% (minimum 1.5%; maximum 9.8%), and CFs were growing in most countries. Hospital care led to the largest relative share of the total CF. At least 71% of the methodological items were reported by each study.

Conclusions

The results of this review show that healthcare systems contribute substantially to national carbon emissions, and hospitals are one of the main contributors in this regard. They also show that mitigation measures can help reduce emissions over time. The checklist developed here can serve as a reference point to help make methodological decisions in future research reports as well as report homogeneous results.
Feasibility study of rehabilitation for cardiac patients aided by an artificial intelligence web-based programme: a randomised controlled trial (RECAP trial)—a study protocol
Authors: Witharana Pasan , Chang Lisa , Maier Rebecca , Ogundimu Emmanuel , Wilkinson Christopher , Athanasiou Thanos , Akowuah Enoch
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) delivered by rehabilitation specialists in a healthcare setting is effective in improving functional capacity and reducing readmission rates after cardiac surgery. It is also associated with a reduction in cardiac mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. This trial assesses the feasibility of a home-based CR programme delivered using a mobile application (app).

Methods

The Rehabilitation through Exercise prescription for Cardiac patients using an Artificial intelligence web-based Programme (RECAP) randomised controlled feasibility trial is a single-centre prospective study, in which patients will be allocated on a 1:1 ratio to a home-based CR programme delivered using a mobile app with accelerometers or standard hospital-based rehabilitation classes. The home-based CR programme will employ artificial intelligence to prescribe exercise goals to the participants on a weekly basis. The trial will recruit 70 patients in total. The primary objectives are to evaluate participant recruitment and dropout rates, assess the feasibility of randomisation, determine acceptability to participants and staff, assess the rates of potential outcome measures and determine hospital resource allocation to inform the design of a larger randomised controlled trial for clinical efficacy and health economic evaluation. Secondary objectives include evaluation of health-related quality of life and 6 minute walk distance.

Ethics and dissemination

RECAP trial received a favourable outcome from the Berkshire research ethics committee in September 2022 (IRAS 315483).

Trial results will be made available through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant scientific meetings.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN97352737.
Risk of severe mood and anxiety disorders in the adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kane Kimberly , Westman Jeanette , Franck Johan , Gissler Mika
Published: April 2024

Background

Growing up with parental alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the risk of mood disorders and of anxiety disorders in the adult children of parents with AUD, adjusted for sociodemographic factors.

Methods

Individual-level register data on the total population were linked to follow children of parents with AUD from 1973 to 2018 to assess their risk of mood disorders and of anxiety disorders. AUD, mood disorders and anxiety disorders were defined with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes from the National Patient Register. HRs of outcomes were calculated with Cox regression. Model 1 was adjusted for the child’s sex, parental education and death of a parent. Model 2 was adjusted for those factors and parental diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorder.

Results

Those with ≥1 parent with AUD (99 723 of 2 421 479 children) had a higher risk of mood disorder and of anxiety disorder than those whose parents did not have AUD (HR mood 2.32, 95% CI 2.26 to 2.39; HR anxiety 2.66, 95% CI 2.60 to 2.72). The risk remained elevated after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and parental psychiatric diagnosis (HR mood 1.67, 95% CI 1.63 to 1.72; HR anxiety 1.74, 95% CI 1.69 to 1.78). The highest risks were associated with AUD in both parents, followed by AUD in mothers and then in fathers.

Conclusion

Adult children of parents with AUD have a raised risk of mood and anxiety disorders even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and parental mood or anxiety disorder. These population-level findings can inform future policies and interventions.
Reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT): a feasible approach for improving health and fitness?
Authors: Metcalfe Richard S. , Vollaard Niels B.J.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, research investigating the dose-response to sprint interval training (SIT) has provided evidence that the number and duration of repetitions in a SIT session can be reduced whilst preserving the beneficial health-related adaptations. Together this research has led to the development of protocols involving minimal doses of SIT: regularly performing just two or three 20–30 s all-out sprints in a 10 min training session has been shown to elicit beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations. These SIT protocols, which we originally termed “reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training” (or REHIT), have the potential to remove many of the common barriers associated with other SIT protocols, as well as with HIT and aerobic exercise. Here, we critically review the evidence on the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability, and effectiveness of REHIT for improving health and fitness.
THE CHALLENGES OF MEDICAL RESOURCE LIMITATIONS FOR TUBERCULOSIS UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CO-INFECTION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL
Authors: DING QIANXI , LI NING
Published: April 2024

Currently, more than 600 million people worldwide are diagnosed with COVID-19, while the implication of Tuberculosis cannot be ignored. The combination of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis exacerbates the catastrophe, dealing a serious blow to the healthcare system. This paper addresses how to develop effective and reasonable programs to combat the spread of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis in the absence of Tuberculosis medical resources, as well as exploring the impact of medical resources on optimal control implementation. Therefore, a co-infection dynamic of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis is constructed and analyzed. In order to investigate approaches to mitigate the disease transmission, a comprehensive and integrated study including sensitivity analysis, optimal control design and cost-effectiveness analysis is then performed. The simulation results illustrate that, the combination of the three control measures effectively achieves a win-win result in economic and epidemiological terms. In addition, the impact of Tuberculosis medical resources is highlighted, and the study shows that an appropriate increase in the medical resource supply for Tuberculosis during optimal control can have a stronger inhibitory effect on co-infection. Finally, based on the actual data, the model is validated by fitting the cumulative confirmed case curves of the two diseases.
DISTRIBUTIONAL INVARIANCE IN BINARY MULTIPLICATIVE CASCADES
Authors: AGUILAR-FLORES CÉSAR , CARSTEANU ALIN-ANDREI
Published: April 2024

The stability properties of certain probability distribution functions under the combined effects of cascading and “dressing” in a binary multiplicative cascade are contemplated and proven herein. Their main importance for applications resides in parameterizing the multiplicative cascade generators of multifractal measures from single realizations, given the generic lack of distributional ergodicity of those cascades. The results are also being illustrated by numerical simulations.
NEW OPTICAL SOLITONS FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION VIA DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL APPROACHES
Authors: WANG KANG-LE
Published: April 2024

The primary aim of this work is to investigate the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation, which is adopted to describe the ultra-short pulses in optical fibers. A variety of new soliton solutions and periodic solutions are constructed by implementing three efficient mathematical approaches, namely, the improved fractional [Formula: see text]-expansion method, fractional Bernoulli ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-expansion method and fractional cosine-sine method. Moreover, the dynamic properties of these obtained solutions are discussed by plotting some 3D and 2D figures. The employed three analytical methods can be widely adopted to solve different types of fractional evolution equations.
FAST AND ACCURATE POPULATION FORECASTING WITH TWO-SCALE FRACTAL POPULATION DYNAMICS AND ITS APPLICATION TO POPULATION ECONOMICS
Authors: ZHANG YARONG , ANJUM NAVEED , TIAN DAN , ALSOLAMI ABDULRAHMAN ALI
Published: April 2024

One of the major challenges in population economics is accurately predicting population size. Incorrect predictions can lead to ineffective population control policies. Traditional differential models assume a smooth change in population, but this assumption is invalid when measuring population on a small-time scale. To address this change, we developed two-scale fractal population dynamics that can accurately predict population size with minimal experimental data. The Taylor series method is used to reveal the population’s dynamical properties, and the Padé technology is adopted to accelerate the convergence rate.
NEW FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES FOR LR-ℏ-PREINVEX INTERVAL-VALUED FUNCTIONS
Authors: TAN YUN , ZHAO DAFANG
Published: April 2024

Based on the pseudo-order relation, we introduce the concept of left and right [Formula: see text]-preinvex interval-valued functions (LR-[Formula: see text]-PIVFs). Further, we establish the Hermite–Hadamard and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type estimates for LR-[Formula: see text]-PIVFs using generalized fractional integrals. Finally, an example of interval-valued fractional integrals is provided to illustrate the validity of the results derived herein. Our results not only extend some existing inequalities for Hadamard, Riemann–Liouville, and Katugampola fractional integrals, but also provide new insights for future research on generalized convexity and IVFs, among others.
The automorphism group of the comaximal graph of a commutative ring
Authors: Khashyarmanesh Kazem , Mehdi-Nezhad Elham , Rahimi Amir M.
Published: April 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. The comaximal graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by CG[Formula: see text], is a simple graph whose vertices are the elements of [Formula: see text], and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. The main purpose of this paper is to construct the automorphism groups (of some subgraphs) of CG[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text] for short), where [Formula: see text] is the subgraph of [Formula: see text] which consists of non-unit elements of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the Jacobson radical of [Formula: see text].
Piecewise prime property of skew inverse Laurent series rings and related rings
Authors: Paykan Kamal , Habibi Mohammad , Arianpoor Hassan
Published: April 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an arbitrary ring equipped with an automorphism [Formula: see text] and an [Formula: see text]-derivation [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study on the relationship between the piecewise prime property of a ring [Formula: see text] and these of the skew inverse Laurent series ring [Formula: see text] and related rings. Furthermore, for a piecewise prime ring, we determine a large class of rings which have a generalized triangular matrix representation for which the diagonal rings are prime. Our results extend and unify many available results. Examples for illustration and delimitation of the theory are provided.
Hybrid quantum-classical systems: Quasi-free Markovian dynamics
Authors: Barchielli Alberto , Werner Reinhard F.
Published: April 2024

In the case of a quantum-classical hybrid system with a finite number of degrees of freedom, the problem of characterizing the most general dynamical semigroup is solved, under the restriction of being quasi-free. This is a generalization of a Gaussian dynamics, and it is defined by the property of sending (hybrid) Weyl operators into Weyl operators in the Heisenberg description. The result is a quantum generalization of the Lévy–Khintchine formula; Gaussian and jump contributions are included. As a byproduct, the most general quasi-free quantum-dynamical semigroup is obtained; on the classical side the Liouville equation and the Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck equation are included. As a classical subsystem can be observed, in principle, without perturbing it, information can be extracted from the quantum system, even in continuous time; indeed, the whole construction is related to the theory of quantum measurements in continuous time. While the dynamics is formulated to give the hybrid state at a generic time [Formula: see text], we show how to extract multi-time probabilities and how to connect them to the quantum notions of positive operator-valued measure and instrument. The structure of the generator of the dynamical semigroup is analyzed, in order to understand how to go on to non-quasi-free cases and to understand the possible classical-quantum interactions; in particular, all the interaction terms which allow to extract information from the quantum system necessarily vanish if no dissipation is present in the dynamics of the quantum component. A concrete example is given, showing how a classical component can input noise into a quantum one and how the classical system can extract information on the behavior of the quantum one.
Low-ground/High-ground capacity regions analysis for bosonic Gaussian channels
Authors: Kianvash Farzad , Fanizza Marco , Giovannetti Vittorio
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive characterization of the interconnections between single-mode, phase-insensitive Gaussian Bosonic Channels resulting from channel concatenation. This characterization enables us to identify, in the parameter space of these maps, two distinct regions: low-ground and high-ground. In the low-ground region, the information capacities are smaller than a designated reference value, while in the high-ground region, they are provably greater. As a direct consequence, we systematically outline an explicit set of upper bounds for the quantum and private capacity of these maps, which combine known upper bounds and composition rules, improving upon existing results.
Alexander S. Holevo’s researches in quantum information theory in 20th century
Authors: Hayashi Masahito
Published: April 2024

This paper reviews Holevo’s contributions to quantum information theory during the 20 century. At that time, he mainly studied three topics, classical-quantum channel coding, quantum estimation with Craméro–Rao approach and quantum estimation with the group covariant approach. This paper addresses these three topics.
Pretty good measurement for bosonic Gaussian ensembles
Authors: Mishra Hemant K. , Lami Ludovico , Mandayam Prabha , Wilde Mark M.
Published: April 2024

The pretty good measurement is a fundamental analytical tool in quantum information theory, giving a method for inferring the classical label that identifies a quantum state chosen probabilistically from an ensemble. Identifying and constructing the pretty good measurement for the class of bosonic Gaussian states is of immediate practical relevance in quantum information processing tasks. Holevo recently showed that the pretty good measurement for a bosonic Gaussian ensemble is a bosonic Gaussian measurement that attains the accessible information of the ensemble [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 66(9) (2020) 5634]. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof of Gaussianity of the pretty good measurement for a Gaussian ensemble of multimode bosonic states, with a focus on establishing an explicit and efficiently computable Gaussian description of the measurement. We also compute an explicit form of the mean square error of the pretty good measurement, which is relevant when using it for parameter estimation.

Generalizing the pretty good measurement is a quantum instrument, called the pretty good instrument. We prove that the post-measurement state of the pretty good instrument is a faithful Gaussian state if the input state is a faithful Gaussian state whose covariance matrix satisfies a certain condition. Combined with our previous finding for the pretty good measurement and provided that the same condition holds, it follows that the expected output state is a faithful Gaussian state as well. In this case, we compute an explicit Gaussian description of the post-measurement and expected output states. Our findings imply that the pretty good instrument for bosonic Gaussian ensembles is no longer merely an analytical tool, but that it can also be implemented experimentally in quantum optics laboratories.
Rényi–Holevo inequality from α-z-Rényi relative entropies
Authors: Bussandri Diego G. , Rajchel-Mieldzioć Grzegorz , Lamberti Pedro W. , Życzkowski Karol
Published: April 2024

We investigate bounds in the transmission of classical information through quantum systems. Our focus lies in the generalized Holevo theorem, which provides a single-letter Holevo-like inequality from arbitrary quantum distance measures. Through the introduction of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi relative entropies, which comprise known relevant quantities such as the Rényi relative entropy and the sandwiched Rényi relative entropy, we establish the Holevo–Rényi inequality. This result leads to a quantum bound for the [Formula: see text]-mutual information, suggesting new insights into communication channel performance and the fundamental limits for reliability functions in memoryless multi-letter communication channels.
Classification for Dividend Payout in Vietnam Stock Exchange Market: A Comparative Review of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Thanh Cuong Nguyen , Huy Tam Phan
Published: April 2024

This study explores the application of machine learning models to predict dividend payouts for publicly listed companies in the Vietnamese stock market. The authors compared various machine learning algorithms to identify the most suitable one for this task. Based on our evaluation, the test shows that the Random Forest algorithm outperformed other methods in terms of accuracy, F1 score, and time efficiency. Furthermore, we analyzed the feature’s importance to understand the key factors driving dividend payouts. The results can help investors, managers, and government agencies make informed decisions and improve financial market transparency. The study also highlights the potential of using machine learning algorithms to automate and enhance the credit rating process, leading to more accurate and real-time assessments of business creditworthiness in Vietnam.
Optimizing Irrigation Efficiency using Deep Reinforcement Learning in the Field
Authors: Ding Xianzhong , Du Wan
Published: April 2024

Agricultural irrigation is a significant contributor to freshwater consumption. However, the current irrigation systems used in the field are not efficient. They rely mainly on soil moisture sensors and the experience of growers but do not account for future soil moisture loss. Predicting soil moisture loss is challenging because it is influenced by numerous factors, including soil texture, weather conditions, and plant characteristics. This article proposes a solution to improve irrigation efficiency, which is called
DRLIC
(deep reinforcement learning for irrigation control).
DRLIC
is a sophisticated irrigation system that uses deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to optimize its performance. The system employs a neural network, known as the DRL control agent, which learns an optimal control policy that considers both the current soil moisture measurement and the future soil moisture loss. We introduce an irrigation reward function that enables our control agent to learn from previous experiences. However, there may be instances in which the output of our DRL control agent is unsafe, such as irrigating too much or too little. To avoid damaging the health of the plants, we implement a safety mechanism that employs a soil moisture predictor to estimate the performance of each action. If the predicted outcome is deemed unsafe, we perform a relatively conservative action instead. To demonstrate the real-world application of our approach, we develop an irrigation system that comprises sprinklers, sensing and control nodes, and a wireless network. We evaluate the performance of
DRLIC
by deploying it in a testbed consisting of six almond trees. During a 15-day in-field experiment, we compare the water consumption of
DRLIC
with a widely used irrigation scheme. Our results indicate that
DRLIC
outperforms the traditional irrigation method by achieving water savings of up to 9.52%.
Case 328
Authors: Agostinis Cristina , Lupi Elide
Published: April 2024

History

A 45-year-old female patient with diffuse osteoarticular pain, particularly low back pain, was referred by a rheumatologist for an updated radiologic evaluation. The patient had experienced these symptoms for many years and was diagnosed with human leukocyte antigen B27–negative spondyloarthritis approximately 11 years prior, based on findings of bilateral erosive sacroiliitis at pelvic radiography ( Fig 1A ) and bone scintigraphy with technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate ( Fig 1B ). After 3 years of treatment with a tumor necrosis factor–α inhibitor (adalimumab), which was effective for pain, the patient was lost to follow-up. At the current presentation, approximately 8 years after being lost to follow-up, the patient presented with worsening low back pain. The presence of nonobstructing kidney stones on US images confounded the underlying cause of worsening pain. The patient also experienced fatigue and depressed mood. Routine blood tests revealed a normal blood cell count, creatinine level of 0.64 mg/dL (56.58 μmol/L) (normal range, 0.30–1.1 mg/dL [26.52–97.24 mmol/L]), C-reactive protein level of 1.1 mg/dL (normal, <1 mg/dL), and vitamin D level of 21 ng/mL (52.42 nmol/L) (normal range, 30–100 ng/mL [74.88–249.60 nmol/L]). Noncontrast MRI of the thoracic and lumbar spine ( Fig 2 ), MRI of the sacroiliac joints ( Fig 3 ), and CT of the abdomen and pelvis ( Fig 4 ) were performed.