bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones para la atención odontológica durante la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Ramos Ramos Aarón Josué , Ayca Castro Isabel Del Rosario , Condori Quispe Wender Williams
Published: February 2022

La pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha demostrado ser de fácil transmisión, de pacientes portadores a pacientes clínicamente sanos, donde la principal vía de contagio es el contacto directo. Teniendo conocimiento de dicha información y considerando que la profesión odontológica ya era una de las que mayor riesgo de exposición a contagios tiene, la COVID-19 ha incrementado mucho más ese riesgo laboral en el área odontológica. Por tal motivo, si el uso de medidas de bioseguridad era un requisito indispensable para la atención odontológica, es de mucha mayor importancia reforzar los conocimientos de bioseguridad; así mismo, realizar una correcta valoración del paciente, en cuanto a sintomatología, para poder realizar un correcto diagnóstico y permitir al odontólogo proceder con la electividad de tratamientos odontólogicos. Para la elaboración del presente artículo se realizó la búsqueda de información relacionada con la atención odontológica en el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19; dándose mayor énfasis a las medidas de prevención para evitar el contagio de la COVID-19, a las urgencias y emergencias odontológicas y a la electividad de los tratamientos odontológicos. Concluyéndose que para evitar el contagio de la COVID-19, la principal barrera de protección es el uso adecuado de las medidas de bioseguridad, realizar una correcta anamnesis del paciente para proceder con la valoración y, dependiendo del resultado, proceder con la mejor opción de tratamiento, considerándose que en la actual pandemia de la COVID-19 se recomienda la atención a urgencias y emergencias odontológicas.
Protocolo antibiótico pre y posquirúrgico de terceros molares
Authors: Anampa Paucar Marian Antonia , Butron Alvarez Ximena Dayana , Mamani Colque Ivana Daniela , Quispe Ticona Darmely Helen , Mamani Ticona Elias Juan , Rodriguez Espinoza Luhana , Vargas Quispe Rosmery Esmeralda , Sosa Huanca Carlos André
Published: February 2022

El tratamiento quirúrgico dental de terceros molares, frecuentemente, requiere un protocolo antibiótico profiláctico y un tratamiento farmacológico posterior a la cirugía. Analizar dichos protocolos fue el objetivo de este estudio; para ello se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, SciELO, Science y repositorios de diferentes universidades) en las cuales se identificaron ensayos, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, tesis y estudios de diferentes tipos. La búsqueda se filtró entre el periodo 2016 a 2021 y se determinó que antibióticos como la amoxicilina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico, son los antibióticos profilácticos de primera elección, ya que sobresalen por diferentes propiedades, entre ellas, reducción significativa del riesgo de infección (hasta un     99.9 %). La profilaxis tiene como fin prevenir el posible desarrollo de enfermedades infecciosas, también evitar proliferación y diseminación de bacterias que puedan originar estas, sobre todo en pacientes no inmunocompetentes.
The Origin of Affixes
Authors: Tauli Valter
Published: February 2022

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Über die fennougristischen Interessen von Olaus Rudbeck d. Ä
Authors: Hormia Osmo
Published: February 2022

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Der Partitiv als Objektkasus im Finnischen
Authors: Schot-Saikku Päivi
Published: February 2022

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Die adnominalen Satzmorpheme des Scherkal-Ostjakischen
Authors: Ganschow Gerhard
Published: February 2022

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A Balto-Finnic semantic field in motion
Authors: Pugh Stefan M.
Published: February 2022

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Hungarian scientific text types in the 16th, 17th and 18th century
Authors: Kabán Annamária
Published: February 2022

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Die Herkunft des Imperativzeichens im Ungarischen
Authors: Rédei Károly
Published: February 2022

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L’assorbimento del glucosio in dialisi peritoneale: strumenti utili per il team multidisciplinare
Authors: Fantuzzi Anna Laura , Berri Elisa , Tartaglione Lida , Giannini Rossella , Dominjanni Sara , Porreca Silvia
Published: February 2022

Dialysis patients are often affected by protein energy wasting and the maintenance of an optimal nutritional state is a difficult goal to achieve. Moreover protein energy wasting is one of the strongest risk factors for mortality in chronic dialysis patients.
To estimate glucose absorption in peritoneal dialysis is essential to determine patient’s dietary energy requirements and to prevent possible metabolic complications.
The currently accepted methods of estimating glucose absorption are two. The first one is based on the average glucose absorption of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and is calculated with the Grodstein et al. formula. The second one is based on the Peritoneal equilibration test curves (D/D0 formula, Bodnar et al.) and takes into account transport characteristics. None of the two formulas perfectly calculated the absolute glucose absorption, even if the D/D0 is much closer to the true value, compared to Grodstein et al. formula. In this paper we described the multidisciplinary management experience of peritoneal dialysis patients, with a focus on the estimation of the patient’s energy requirements. Analyzing glucose absorption in a systematic way and monitoring the changes in glucose absorption during the time could significantly contribute to adjusting nutritional treatment. However it is always necessary to critically evaluate the results obtained by both formulas.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Jejunum GIST, Report Case
Authors: Luis Sandoval , Dania Campos , José Ruiz , Mirza Ramírez , Lizzette Barbosa , Abel Sánchez , Juan Pablo De León
Published: February 2022

The small intestine is by far the most difficult area to study from an endoscopic point of view, since traditional endoscopy only covers up to the 2nd portion of the duodenum and colonoscopy up to the terminal ileum. On rare occasions we find it necessary to use non-traditional endoscopic equipment to be able to study this middle area of the small intestine. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is one of the neoplastic differential diagnoses found at this level. Given the advancement of genetics associated with immunohistochemistry, we have been able to better evaluate and characterize these lesions of mesenchymal origin. A case of a jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with an initial presentation of melena is presented. Where together gastroenterology, surgery and pathology, the mentioned final diagnosis was reached.
COVID-19 Liver Manifestations. What should we know? A Literature Review.
Authors: Pinto Martins Carolina da Silva , Barbosa de Almeida Filipe Henrique , Coelho Luíza Freitas , Pitanga Giovanna Gonçalves , Almeida Gentile João Kleber de
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus of severe acute respiratory syndrome, has become a threat to global health due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality. Predominantly, the infection is related to respiratory symptoms, but gastrointestinal manifestations, including hepatic, have also been reported. Objectives: This literature review addresses the new coronavirus pathogenic mechanism in the liver and its consequences. The repercussions of liver damage are mild to moderate elevations in serum levels of transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminemia. Design and Setting: In this literature review we searched PubMed for studies published between March, 2020 and June, 2020. Methods: The search terms included “COVID 19”, “Gastrointestinal”, “Liver”. The eligible studies were those that focused on liver manifestations caused by the new coronavirus and infected patients who already had liver comorbidities. Results: The liver damages result both from the direct virus aggression in the cells, as well as secondary to the patient's evolution and possible pre-existing morbidities, explaining the alterations in liver enzymes. Conclusions: This literature review helps to understand the hepatic involvement, although further studies are needed to elucidate the course and prognosis of the disease. The most severe enzymatic changes are strongly related to a worse prognosis. Therefore, doctors must pay attention to the evolution of the infection.
Effect of Chemically Modified Castor Seed (Ricinus Communis) Shell Powder on The Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizate
Authors: O.G Tenebe , I.C Madufor , M.U Obidiegwu , H.C Obasi
Published: February 2022

Mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with modified castor seed shell powder for some engineering applications were studied. Castor seed shells were obtained and treated with 20% NaOH for 1h, washed and dried at 75oC and were pulverized and sieved to 75μm. Treated castor seed shell (TCSS) powder showed improved characteristics when compared to the untreated (UCSS) in terms of pH, bulk density, moisture content, lignin content, cellulose content, hemicelluloses content, thermal stability, SEM and FTIR spectra respectively. Natural rubber was compounded at varying filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50phr on a two-roll mill. The cure characteristics of the compounded rubber were determined using a Mosanto Rheometer (model MDR 2000) and the result obtained were used for vulcanization in a hydraulic press. The cure characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of the vulcanizates were analysed and compared with carbon black filled samples. The preliminary results showed that castor seed shell is hydrophilic which was chemically treated to decrease the hydrophilicity. The maximum and minimum torques increased with filler loadings. The result of the natural rubber filled vulcanizates showed improved mechanical properties such as; tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, abrasion resistance which increased with increased filler loadings while elongation at break, flex fatigue, compression set, impact strength and rebound resilience decreased with filler loadings. The TCSS filled vulcanizate showed superior abrasion resistance and compression set when compared with UCSS and CB filled. The sample morphology at 30phr revealed that TCSS was well dispersed due to strong interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrices contributing to the improved mechanical properties investigated when compared to UCSS filled with poor interfacial interaction. The result reveal that TCSS is a reinforcing filler that can be used for the production of natural rubber-based products for some engineering applications.
Production of Beta-Carotene Rich Biscuits from Composite Wheat-Orange- Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour, Palm Oil and Eggs
Authors: François Lusamaki Mukunda , Mosisi Moleka , Alexandre Piedade Lucas , Victor Buhendwa Mirindi , De Carvalho Irene Stuart Torrié
Published: February 2022

One of the main micronutrient deficiencies in children under five years is vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This study aimed to produce biscuit from composite wheat-orange- eshed sweet potato flour (OFSP), palm oil and eggs and to determine its contribution to the diet of children on the age group of 1-3 years. For the biscuit formulations codified ‘’AE, BE and CE’’ were prepared by partial replacement of wheat with OFSP flour in proportion at 0%, 30% and 50% respectively, and margarine by crude palm oil 1/3 (33%), this combination was supplemented by 20g of egg. While the control biscuit codified A0, was prepared using 100g of wheat flour and 30g of margarine. The carotenoid contents of the prepared biscuit were determined by using the method describe by Rodriguez Amaya and Kimura (2004). The analysis of variance was used to determine the significant difference in the samples with a significant level of 0.05. Results of the study revealed that the carotenoid content in the biscuits ranged from 96.03 μg/100g to 15251 μg/100g (86.82μg/100g to 12200.8μg/100g of beta-carotene) and the Retinol Activity Equivalent (RAE) was reported from 6.4 to 1016.7μg RAE/100g in the control and the formulation CE respectively. The protein content ranged from 5.48 to 7.91%, and the energy level was reported from the 468.46 to 484.6 Kcal/100g in the biscuits. All biscuits were in the acceptable range (6.36 to 7.63) related to the sensory score. From the results of study, biscuits formulation appears to be efficient, since it produced biscuits of high nutritional values within the RAE range which could prevent the VAD in young children since 2 to 5 portions of biscuits could cover the retinol equivalent for children aged 1-3 years- old.
Cured Characteristics, Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Profile of Frankfurters Produced with Ocimum Gratissimum Extract Leaf Extracts
Authors: Akwetey Worlah Yawo , Adzitey Frederick , Teye Gabriel Ayum
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To determine cured characteristics, physicochemical properties as well as sensory profiles of frankfurters produced with either nitrite salt or common salt with or without Ocimum gratissimum extract leaf extracts. Materials and methods: Five treatments were formulated to produce 5 kg each of frankfurters from pork and beef with and without nitrite salt, Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract or common salt. Proximate composition, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, pH, water activity (Aw), objective color and residual nitrite and nitrate were determined. Results: No significant differences (p> 0.05) were observed for b* (yellowness) of all frankfurters. Frankfurters produced with common salt only recorded significantly higher (p<0.05) water activity compared to those with either nitrite salt or common salt-OG combinations. Nitrite salt or OG-common salt as cure ingredients did not significantly (p>0.05) influence the water holding capacity of frankfurters. But the use of common salt alone resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower water holding capacities. No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed in the pH of meat batters for which reason their cooking loss values were also not significantly (p>0.05) different. The proximate compositions as well as sensory profiles of frankfurters were also not different significantly (p>0.05). Conclusions: Frankfurters produced with Ocimum gratissimum and common salt resulted in similar cured characteristics and sensory properties of those produced nitrite salt, and these characteristics were better than using common salt only.
Quality Evaluation and Kinetics of Dependency of Apparent Viscosity of Whole Wheat- Water Yam Flour Mixture on Temperature in Relation to The Cooked Paste
Authors: E.O Uzodinma , E.U Onwurafor , J.A Asogwa
Published: February 2022

In the past, cooked paste commonly called fu-fu from whole wheat flour was well acceptable by African indigenes due to its light weight, fibre composition and other nutrients. However, it is a carbohydrate rich food and contains gluten not acceptable by some individuals’ body systems. Quality evaluation and kinetics of dependency of apparent viscosity of whole wheat-water yam flour mixture on temperature in relation to the cooked paste were investigated. Composite flours (80:20-B, 60:40-C, 50:50-D, 40:60-E, 20:80-F; WYF: WMF-whole wheat meal flours) were formulated from wheat grains and water yam tubers. Samples A (water yam flour (WYF-100%)) and G-commercial whole wheat meal flour (WWF-100%) served as control. Flour samples were subjected to proximate, selected micronutrient, viscous and pasting characteristics analyses, while the cooked paste was evaluated using selected sensory attributes. Crude fat content of flours ranged from 0.19-1.80%, while crude fibre content differed significantly (p< 0.05) and varied between 1.08 and 4.88%. Crude protein content ranged from 2.10-4.50%, while carbohydrate by difference ranged from 61.10-80.10%. Heating temperatures for the flour dispersions ranged from 70-100oC. Sample B had the highest final viscosity among the blended samples. Apparent viscosities of the dispersions increased with increasing temperatures and displayed dilatants fluid behaviour. Sample B had the lowest value of activation energy required to obtain a suitable cooked paste among others. Overall results indicated that sample B could be consumed as an alternative cooked fu-fu to whole wheat flour fu-fu.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Five Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels in Helping the Brazilian Consumer Make a Healthier Choice.
Authors: Blom Wendy A.M. , Goenee Nathalie C. , Juliano Lucia , de Groene Els M. , Oliveira Martins Fernanda de
Published: February 2022

We tested, in an online survey, how well five different front-of-pack (FOP) labels helped Brazilian consumers make a healthier choice between two food products as compared to a no FOP label control. All 1072 respondents were randomly allocated to one of six groups 1) no FOP label (control), 2) ABIA label, 3) GGALIii Nutrient Profile label, 4) IdeC label, 5) Hybrid label or 6) Nutri-Score label and were all shown 9 food stimuli consisting of two products. The nutrient profiles of ABIA and Hybrid labels consider serving size of the food whereas the other three labels score per 100g. Respondents were asked which of the two products they perceived to be the healthier choice. Overall, the Hybrid and ABIA labels performed best, resulting in a statistically significantly higher percentage of correct answers as compared to the control for 9/9 and 8/9 of the food stimuli, respectively. Nutri-Score performed reasonably well and outperformed the control in 6/9 cases. The IdeC and GGALIii NP warning labels were least helpful, outperforming the control group only once and twice, respectively. In conclusion, the Hybrid and the ABIA FOP labels, two interpretative traffic light labels that use colours and provide nutritional information per serving, were best suited to help Brazilian consumers choose the healthier product. They especially outperformed the other FOP labels when serving sizes differed significantly or when deeper consideration of nutritional information was needed to make an informed decision.
Analysis of Aflatoxins in South Carolina Farm’s Corn, Peanut, Wheat, Soybean, and Cottonseed
Authors: B Stukes James , Nazimuddin Mohammed , David Bottenberg , DeAsia Gathers , DeAsia Stuckey , MyRandi Roper , Alston Jenkins , Isa Musa , Shameka Powell
Published: February 2022

The mold Aspergillus grows on several raw food commodities and produces highly toxic compounds known as aflatoxins. These compounds can cause developmental and immune system suppression, cancer, and death if ingested. The aim of this study was to determine the aflatoxin levels in various crops obtained from farms in South Carolina, USA. Aflatoxin levels were measured using the Vicam Virtu Reader and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The Vicam Virtu Reader utilized five grams of corn and peanuts blended and placed into an extraction tube containing 25 ml of 70% methanol. The sample mixture was placed on the AlfaV test strip for readings. For use of the HPLC, the samples were analyzed by isocratic using 60:20:20 water/methanol/acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase. Results from the Vicam Virtu Reader indicated corn samples and peanut samples had aflatoxin levels below 25 ppb established by the USDA. When the HPLC analysis was done on soybean, wheat, and cottonseed, all results were below 25 ppb as well. A food safety survey was administered to 190 farmers to ascertain their familiarity with aflatoxins. Sixteen percent (16%) reported they heard about it. In conclusion, storage conditions of the crops can affect the level of aflatoxins. The Vicam Virtu Reader is a fast method to identify aflatoxin levels in crops. The HPLC has the advantage of separating aflatoxins into subgroups even at low levels. The aflatoxin levels were low and safe for export and consumption.
O idoso portador de Alzheimer e o cuidador familiar: contribuições da teoria de alcance de metas de Imogene King
Authors: Bezerra Any Karoliny Soares , Bezerra Eduarda Karolyne Silva , Nogueira Emília Cervino , Almeida Jussiana Penha da Silva , Ramos Letícia de Souza , Vieira Manuela de Carvalho Martins
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Refletir sobre a contribuição da Teoria do Alcance de Metas de Imogene King na construção de uma assistência efetiva ao cuidador familiar do idoso portador de Alzheimer. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados: SCIELO, BVS, LILACS e Medline/Pubmed a partir de estudos disponíveis em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados entre 2016 e 2021. Resultados: Foram selecionados 19 artigos que possuíam relevância para esta revisão. Entre os  sintomas neuropsiquiátricos apresentados pelos idosos, apatia, ansiedade e depressão são os mais frequentes. Estudos também apontam perda de memória, linguagem, funções cognitivas, controle emocional, social e perda da motivação. Os cuidadores de idosos com Alzheimer necessitam de suporte profissional de saúde, organização da família, atenção médica pessoal e apoio emocional. É importante incentivar o bem-estar próprio do cuidador para garantir e melhorar o acesso aos cuidados de saúde, prevenir o declínio funcional desses cuidadores, oferecendo orientações sobre o cuidado de maneira adequada e com menor risco. Devem-se utilizar tecnologias de cuidado adaptadas para o ambiente domiciliar e gerontotecnologias que contribuem diretamente no cuidado, assim promovendo um cuidado informativo e educativo. Conclusão: O cuidador familiar é aquele que possui o maior contato com o idoso portador de Alzheimer. Neste sentido, a Teoria do Alcance de Metas proposta por Imogene King permite compreender sobre o impacto do cuidado ao paciente portador de Alzheimer no cuidador familiar, suas necessidades pessoais, bem como a estratégias que podem ser utilizadas a fim se alcançar as metas estabelecidas no apoio a esse cuidador.
Reabilitação em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Cardoso Heloisy de Carvalho , Ribeiro Heloisa Galdino Gumieiro
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) representa uma perda lenta, progressiva e irreversível das funções renais. O tratamento poderá ser desde conservador a terapias substitutivas como a hemodiálise. Em decorrência disto, pacientes submetidos ao tratamento poderão apresentar alterações secundárias a hemodiálise e que poderiam ser tratadas e prevenidas por intervenções fisioterapêuticas através de exercícios físicos aplicados no período intradialítico. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da reabilitação fisioterapêutica quando aplicada em pacientes com DRC durante suas sessões de hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, que concentrou ensaios clínicos encontrados nas bases de dados: LILACS, PEDro e PubMed, publicados nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, entre 2016 e 2021, sendo estes posteriormente padronizados conforme Escala PEDro. Resultados: Dos 229 artigos encontrados, 21 ensaios clínicos foram analisados conforme a Escala PEDro. De forma geral foram apresentadas intervenções como exercício aeróbico, resistido, combinado, eletermofototerapia e treinamento muscular respiratório. Com isso, foi possível observar melhora da força muscular, capacidade funcional, capacidade de exercício, da inatividade física, fatores de risco cardiovasculares e melhora da qualidade do sono, além de proporcionar melhora de aspectos relacionados aos biomarcadores inflamatórios e qualidade da diálise. Tais exercícios foram realizados com uma média de 30 a 40 minutos, três vezes na semana, por uma média de 12 semanas. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que um programa de reabilitação intradialítica pode ofertar efeitos positivos ao paciente em hemodiálise. Porém, sugere-se que a qualidade de vida destes pacientes seja tratada como desfecho primário, obtendo-se assim uma reabilitação de pacientes com DRC amplamente atendida.
Influence of Vision on Gait Initiation and First Step Kinematics in Young and Older Adults
Authors: KIMIJANOVÁ J , HIRJAKOVÁ Z , BZDÚŠKOVÁ D , HLAVAČKA F
Published: February 2022

The study investigated whether anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) of gait initiation and kinematics of the first step are modified with absence of vision in relation to age. Twenty-two young and twenty-two older subjects initiated a self-paced gait with the vision available and deprived. APAs were measured by: (1) force platform and evaluated by maximal amplitude of the center of pressure (CoP) displacements; (2) two inertial sensors attached to the trunk and evaluated by maximal accelerations. Step kinematics was recorded using a motion capture system and evaluated by duration, length and maximal velocity of the first step. Visual deprivation led to a significant reduction of forward trunk accelerations during the anticipatory phase of stepping in older adults. Moreover, they significantly reduced first step length and maximal velocity and prolonged duration of the first step. Contrary, young adults did not respond to absence of vision by significant changes of neither APAs, nor first step kinematics. These findings suggest that gait initiation is strongly associated with increased reliance on vision in older adults. We further indicate that trunk accelerations during the anticipatory phase of stepping may be a more sensitive measure to detect age-related changes of APAs due to absent visual information compared to CoP.
INTELLECTUAL UTOPIA OF YURII SHEREKH
Authors: Vasylenko Vadym
Published: February 2022

The paper examines the literary-critical views of Yurii Sherekh of the Artistic Ukrainian Movement’s (MUR) period, clarifes his understanding of ‘visnykivstvo’ and ‘Kyiv neoclassicism’ as literary phenomena, the content and significance of the theory of ‘national organic style’, and the idea of antaeism. The worldview and aesthetic positions of Yurii Sherekh are considered in the context of ideological and literary discussions of the late 1940s. The research involved the literary-critical and historical literary studies written by Yurii Sherekh in the postwar period and interpreted their textual connections with the works by Yurii Sherekh himself and by his intellectual associates and opponents. Yurii Sherekh’s idea of the ‘national organic style’ was not only one of the stages of the literary researcher’s worldview evolution, but also a certain result of the development of Ukrainian literary-critical thought in the mid-20th century. This idea grew out of the literary experience of the 1920s and was associated with the process of updating the national artistic tradition and adopting Western Europe literature’s achievements in the 1940s. The approval of the idea of ‘national-organic style’ in the ideological and aesthetic concepts of Yurii Sherekh was accompanied by the rejection of the ‘Vistnyk’s’ and ‘neoclassical’ traditions. The analysis of the main points of Yurii Sherekh’s polemic with Dmytro Dontsov as a symbolic representative of the “Vistnyk’s” ideology and Volodymyr Derzhavyn as the main supporter of the ‘neoclassicism’ theory reveals some inconsistency of Yurii Sherekh’s definitions of neoclassicism. Yurii Sherekh’s idea of antaeism was a certain Ukrainian equivalent of European existentialism, rooted in the history and philosophy of Ukrainian resistance.

The paradox of Yuri Sherekh’s theory was in combining the desire for modernity with the return to tradition, while the dogmatism of his ‘national organic’ approach to certain phenomena and works somewhat ideologized his assessments and views. There are reasons to tell about the conventionality of Yurii Sherekh’s division of the Ukrainian mid-20th century writers into ‘organists’ and ‘Europeists’, who visualized, on his opinion, two main directions of Ukrainian literature’s development. In fact, the various types of ‘Europeanism’ and ‘organicity’ were inevitably intertwined.
Multiple Assessment Methods Towards the Improvement of Students’ English Language Learning
Authors: Sugiono Sugiono
Published: February 2022

The study explores the perspective of multiple assessment methods and possibility of applying it in English language learning. Assessment of English language learning needs to consider the philosophical perspective of progressive education. Assessment in progressive notions of education is primarily used to nurture and develop individual students’ capacity and range of talents. Likewise, the perspective of the 2013 National Curriculum demands students’ real performance on relevant tasks. The study notes that an assessment process refers to implementing multiple methods or a range of strategies to make decisions regarding instruction and gathering information about students’ performance and behaviour, diagnoses students’ problems, monitors their progress and gives feedback for improvement. Rather than a single method of assessment, multiple assessment methods are more beneficial to help the teacher triangulate the evidence for a complete picture of student comprehension and understanding. Every method of assessment has weaknesses, and hence, by using multiple assessment methods, the strengths of one particular method can overcome the problematic weaknesses of another.
Identities, Language, and Wayang Gung of South Kalimantan
Authors: Farid Rezqan , Yunus Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Art products are media to show the identities of their makers as well as the identities of society members enjoying them. Cultural and communal traits of society where the arts created and appreciated are reflected through the arts. Wayang Gung is a classic art from South Kalimantan rarely performed nowadays. Wayang Gung depicts cultural values of Banjarese people in the past. As one of valuable oral literatures of Banjarese, linguistic element of Wayang Gung is worth investigating to reveal identities and cultural trace of Banjarese people. In this study, scripts of Wayang Gung are collected through documentation technique and analyzed using Ethnolinguistics approach. Ethnolinguistics is chosen for analyzing tool as it focuses on investigating language used in society with the culture of that society. Furthermore, ethnolinguistics seeks to reveal identities of the language users. The results of this study show that Banjarese people consider.
Seller and Buyer Integrated Forms of Indonesian and Tetun Language in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka, Malaka Province
Authors: Mauk Vincentius , Afdholy Nadya
Published: February 2022

The ability of the Tetun community to use two languages ​​or bilingual will give birth to the transfer or transition of languages. In the transition or transfer of language, two very important things will emerge, namely positive and negative transfers. Negative transfers will cause interference and positive transfers will lead to integration. Integration arises from positive transfer because it benefits both languages ​​from the donor language into the recipient language or the absorbing language. The recipient's language is Tetun and the granting language is Indonesian. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of language integration Indonesian into Tetun in the conversation of traders and buyers in Pasar Baru Betun, Central Malaka Sub-District, Malaka District. The researcher focused on the integration of Indonesian into Tetun. This type of research is qualitative research, the technique used in collecting data is the technique of record, see and interview. The results of this study indicate that the integration of the Indonesian language into Tetun is in the form of basic words, affixation, reduplication, composite and abreviation (shortening of words).
Translation Analysis of Category Shift in Short Story “The Call of Cthulhu”
Authors: Hadi Sasmito Rakhmad Yanuar
Published: February 2022

Translation activity have a huge impact on developing knowledge by sharing and implement information from around the world. This study used qualitative method. The research subject is firstly, the short story “The Call of Cthulhu” and the second version which translated into Indonesian “Seruan Cthulhu” by Shinta Dewi from Noura Book Publisher. The aims of this study are to identify what types of category shifts found in the short story and how the information loss, acquisition and skew occur during translation process. In this study, the researcher uses observation technique to collecting the data and documentation to support the data. After conduct the study, the researcher found that the translator used the all type of Category shift when translating the short story: Intra-system shift, Structure shift, Unit shift, and Class shift. From the data collected, it was found that the Intra-system shift was the most dominant shift. This shift occurs because of the need to obtain translation equivalent from both languages. As the result, systematic shifting is unavoidable and has become the most common shift done by translator.
Arrangement is a Universal Type of Creative Activity of a Modern Music Teacher
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Zabbarova Margarita M. , Politaeva Tatiana I. ,   Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla
Published: February 2022

The article examines electronic arrangements as an art of intonating meanings, a universal means of developing musical culture of society, and a form of artistic activity of the future music teacher. The authors base themselves on analysis of conceptions of cultural-historical development in the choice of genre forms of electronic music-making, accentuate the logical, emotional and associative aspect of artistic creativity and highlight the stages of work on arrangements. The article discloses a teaching system presented in the form of a logical-semantic model, which includes the technology of comparative listening to music, a tutorial program complex “The Life of Wonderful Melodies,” an electronic musical toolkit and supportive musical examples of arrangements and samples of sound.
Musical Intonation: Genre and Style Properties
Authors:   Astrakhan State Conservatory, Kazantseva Liudmila P.
Published: February 2022

In the previous lecture from the cycle “Musical Intonation” (see the journal ICONI, 2021, No. 3, pp. 68–83) the topic was the conception of musical intonation, its sound contours and semantics. In the present publication there appears the possibility to characterize the other features of intonation which enable it to move towards the achievement of its main goal — conveyance of the artistic meaning. During the course of the conversation about the genre-related particularities of intonation four large-scale genre-related spheres have been indicated (and, correspondingly, four genre types): melodiousness, declamatory features, motoric features and instrumental features. The view of musical intonation in the stylistic perspective is correlated with the nuanced concept of style as the contingence of artistic content with the means of its manifestation. In correspondence with the different “sections” of the existent massif of music, the styles of composers, composers’ schools, social groups, national cultures, continental cultures, eras and artistic directions (trends) develop themselves. They all fixate themselves more or less self-evidently in musical intonation. In musical intonation the features of different genre-related spheres interact with each other by various means (forming poly-genre) and the features of various styles combine together (creating poly-stylistics). The conclusive lecture will be devoted to a discussion of the aesthetical and dramaturgical features of musical intonation, and also about how intonation exists in the historical-culturological context.
Polymeric Fibers as Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cheng Yuanpei , Zhang Yanbo , Wu Han
Published: February 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex neurological condition caused by trauma, inflammation, and other diseases, which often leads to permanent changes in strength and sensory function below the injured site. Changes in the microenvironment and secondary injuries continue to pose challenges for nerve repair and recovery after SCI. Recently, there has been progress in the treatment of SCI with the use of scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. Polymeric fibers fabricated by electrospinning have been increasingly used in SCI therapy owing to their biocompatibility, complex porous structure, high porosity, and large specific surface area. Polymer fibers simulate natural extracellular matrix of the nerve fiber and guide axon growth. Moreover, multiple channels of polymer fiber simulate the bundle of nerves. Polymer fibers with porous structure can be used as carriers loaded with drugs, nerve growth factors and cells. As conductive fibers, polymer fibers have electrical stimulation of nerve function. This paper reviews the fabrication, characterization, and application in SCI therapy of polymeric fibers, as well as potential challenges and future perspectives regarding their application.
Icariin-Loaded Hydrogel Regulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation and Promotes Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Yuefeng , Ye Le , Cai Xiaoxi , Li Zuhao , Fan Yongqian , Yang Fengjian
Published: February 2022

Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells is a potential therapeutic strategy for cartilage protection and symptom relief for osteoarthritis (OA). However, controlling chondrogenesis of the implanted cells in the articular cavity remains a challenge. In this study, hydrogels containing different concentrations of icariin were prepared by in situ crosslinking of hyaluronic acid and Poloxamer 407. This injectable and thermoresponsive hydrogel, as a 3D cell culture system, showed good biocompatibility with chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as promoted proliferation and chondrogenesis of BMSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Intra-articular injection of this kind of BMSC-loaded composite hydrogel can significantly prevent cartilage destruction by inducing chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and relieve pain through regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and MMP-13) in the OA model. Incorporating BMSCs into this novel icariin-loaded hydrogel indicates a more superior efficacy than the single BMSC injection, which suggests a great potential for its application in OA.
The Role of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Bone Loss
Authors: Zhu Runjiu , Wan Haoyang , Yang Hong , Song Mingrui , Chai Yu , Yu Bin
Published: February 2022

As the population of most nations have a large proportion of older individuals, there is an increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Consequently, scientists have focused their attention on the pathogenic mechanisms of osteoporosis. Owing to an increase in studies on cellular senescence in recent years, research has begun to focus on the function of the senescent microenvironment in osteoporosis. With chronic inflammation, senescent cells in the bone marrow secrete a series of factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, acting on their own or surrounding healthy cells and consequently exacerbating ageing.The components of the SASP may differ depending on the cause of osteoporosis. This review aimed to summarize the relationship between SASP factors and osteoporosis and suggest new insights into the mechanistic investigation of osteoporosis.
Strategies for Stabilization of Zn Anodes for Aqueous Zn-Based Batteries: A Mini Review
Authors: Mo Funian , He Ning , Chen Lina , Li Mengrui , Yu Suzhu , Zhang Jiaolong , Wang Wenhui , Wei Jun
Published: February 2022

In recent years, thanks to the investigation of the in-depth mechanism, novel cathode material exploitation, and electrolyte optimization, the electrochemical performance of rechargeable Zn-based batteries (RZBs) has been significantly improved. Nevertheless, there are still some persistent challenges locating the instability of the Zn anodes that hinder the commercialization and industrialization of RZBs, especially the obstinate dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Zn anodes, which will dramatically compromise the cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, various strategies with fundamental design principles focusing on the suppression of dendrite and the HER have been carefully summarized and categorized in this review, which are critically dissected according to the intrinsic mechanisms. Finally, pertinent insights into the challenges and perspectives on the future development of Zn anodes are also emphasized, expecting to supply potential research directions to promote the practical applications of RZBs.
Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine Improves Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: From Clinic to Mechanism Exploration With Gut Microbiota
Authors: Guo Qian , Ni Can , Li Linjing , Li Mo , Jiang Xiaoqing , Gao Li , Zhu Huaiqiu , Song Juexian
Published: February 2022

As a life-threatening disease, stroke is the leading cause of death and also induces adult disability worldwide. To investigate the efficacy of the integrated traditional Chinese medicine (ITCM) on the therapeutic effects of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, we enrolled 26 patients in the ITCM [Tanhuo decoction (THD) + Western medicine (WM)] group and 23 in the WM group. Thirty healthy people were also included in the healthy control (HC) group. ITCM achieved better functional outcomes than WM, including significant reduction of the phlegm-heat syndrome and neurological impairment, and improvement of ability. These facts were observed in different pretreatment gut enterotypes. In this paper, we collected the stool samples of all participants and analyzed the 16S rRNA sequence data of the gut microbiota. We identified two enterotypes (Type-A and Type-B) of the gut microbial community in AIS samples before treatment. Compared to Type-B, Type-A was characterized by a high proportion of Bacteroides, relatively high diversity, and severe functional damage. In the ITCM treatment group, we observed better clinical efficacy and positive alterations in microbial diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance, and the effect of approaching healthy people’s gut microbiota, regardless of gut enterotypes identified in pretreatment. Furthermore, we detected several gut microbiota as potential therapeutic targets of ITCM treatment by analyzing the correlations between bacterial abundance alterations and functional outcomes, where Dorea with the strongest correlation was known to produce anti-inflammatory metabolite and negatively linked to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a biomarker of AIS. This study analyzed clinical and gut microbial data and revealed the possibility of a broad application independent of the enterotypes, as well as the therapeutic targets of the ITCM in treating AIS patients with phlegm-heat syndrome.
Population Analysis of O26 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Italy, 1989–2020, Through Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Michelacci Valeria , Montalbano Di Filippo Margherita , Gigliucci Federica , Arancia Silvia , Chiani Paola , Minelli Fabio , Roosens Nancy H. C. , De Keersmaecker Sigrid C. J. , Bogaerts Bert , Vanneste Kevin , Morabito Stefano
Published: February 2022

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) belonging to the O26 serogroup represent an important cause of Hemolitic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in children worldwide. The localization of STEC virulence genes on mobile genetic elements allowed the emergence of clones showing different assets of this accessory genomic fraction. A novel O26 STEC clone belonging to Sequence Type (ST) 29 and harboring stx2a, ehxA and etpD plasmid-borne genes has emerged and spread in Europe since the mid-1990s, while another ST29 clone positive for stx2d and lacking plasmid-borne virulence genes was recently described as emerging in France. In Italy, O26 has been the most frequently detected STEC serogroup from HUS cases since the late 1990s. In this study we describe the genomic characterization and population structure of 144 O26 STEC strains isolated from human sources in Italy in the period 1989-2020. A total of 89 strains belonged to ST21, 52 to ST29, two to ST396 and one to ST4944. ST29 strains started to be isolated from 1999. 24 strains were shown to harbour stx1a, alone (n=20) or in combination with stx2a (n=4). The majority of the strains (n=118) harbored stx2a genes only and the two ST396 strains harbored stx2d. A Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) analysis, based on the detection of accessory virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and plasmid replicons, classified the strains in seven clusters identified with numbers from 1 to 7, containing two, 13, 39, 63, 16, 10 and one strain, respectively. The majority of the genetic features defining the clusters corresponded to plasmid-borne virulence genes, AMR genes and plasmid replicons, highlighting specific assets of plasmid-borne features associated with different clusters. Core genome Multi Locus Sequence Typing grouped ST21 and ST29 strains in three clades each, with each ST29 clade exactly corresponding to one HCPC cluster. Our results showed high conservation of either the core or the accessory genomic fraction in populations of ST29 O26 STEC, differently from what observed in ST21 strains, suggesting that a different selective pressure could drive the evolution of different populations of these pathogens possibly involving different ecological niches.
EGR1 and KLF4 as Diagnostic Markers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Associated With Immune Infiltration
Authors: Guo Chunguang , Liu Zaoqu , Yu Yin , Zhou Zhibin , Ma Ke , Zhang Linfeng , Dang Qin , Liu Long , Wang Libo , Zhang Shuai , Hua Zhaohui , Han Xinwei , Li Zhen
Published: February 2022

Background

Formation and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is fatal, and the pathological processes and molecular mechanisms underlying its formation and development are unclear. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has attracted extensive attention as a newly defined secretory organ, and we aim to explore the potential association between PVAT and AAA.

Methods

We analyzed gene expression and clinical data of 30 PVAT around AAA and 30 PVAT around normal abdominal aorta (NAA). The diagnostic markers and immune cell infiltration of PVAT were further investigated by WGCNA, CIBERSORT, PPI, and multiple machine learning algorisms (including LASSO, RF, and SVM). Subsequently, eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 10) were used to construct AAA models, and aorta samples were collected for molecular validation. Meanwhile, fifty-five peripheral venous blood samples from patients (AAA vs. normal: 40:15) in our hospital were used as an inhouse cohort to validate the diagnostic markers by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC (AUC), and concordance index (C-index).

Results

A total of 75 genes in the Grey60 module were identified by WGCNA. To select the genes most associated with PVAT in the grey60 module, three algorithms (including LASSO, RF, and SVM) and PPI were applied. EGR1 and KLF4 were identified as diagnostic markers of PVAT, with high accurate AUCs of 0.916, 0.926, and 0.948 (combined two markers). Additionally, the two biomarkers also displayed accurate diagnostic efficacy in the mice and inhouse cohorts, with AUCs and C-indexes all >0.8. Compared with the NAA group, PVAT around AAA was more abundant in multiple immune cell infiltration. Ultimately, the immune-related analysis revealed that EGR1 and KLF4 were associated with mast cells, T cells, and plasma cells.

Conclusion

EGR1 and KLF4 were diagnostic markers of PVAT around AAA and associated with multiple immune cells.