bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Enterprise stent…still useful after all these years
Authors: El Naamani Kareem , Syal Amit , Field Nicholas C. , Teichner Eric M. , Ghanem Marc , Herial Nabeel A. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Paul Alexandra R. , Gooch M. Reid
Published: December 2023

Background

The Enterprise stent (Codman Neuro, Massachusetts, USA) received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2007 for stent-assisted coiling (SAC). Since its introduction, newer stents and devices for aneurysm treatment have been developed resulting in a shift in the utilization of this stent from SAC to other off-label indications.

Objective

To describe our experience with the Enterprise stent being used for SAC and other off-label indications.

Methods

This is a multi-center retrospective review of the use of the Enterprise stent between 2018 and 2023. All patients in which the Enterprise stent was successfully deployed were included in the study.

Results

Our study cohort comprised of 194 patients, mostly females (n = 112, 57.7%), with a mean age of 63.2 years ± 14.3. The Enterprise stent was used for SAC in only 24 (12.4%) patients and was used for rescue stenting in stroke in 101 patients (52.1%), treatment of intracranial stenosis in 53 patients (27.3%), treatment of in-stent stenosis in 1 patient (0.5%), and for treatment of dissections in 15 patients (7.7%). From 2018 to 2023, the use of Enterprise stents for SAC significantly decreased ( p < 0.0001) while the use of Enterprise stents for non-SAC purposes was insignificantly variable ( p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study shows that the Enterprise stent remains a reliable tool in neuroendovascular procedures, even if its original intended use has been supplanted by other devices.
Correlation between intravascular pressure gradients and ultrasound velocities in carotid artery stenosis: An exploratory study
Authors: Diana Francesco , Peschillo Simone , Requena Manuel , Romano Daniele G , Frauenfelder Giulia , de Dios Lascuevas Marta , Hernandez David , Ribó Marc , Tomasello Alejandro , Romoli Michele
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Grading of carotid stenosis is routinely performed with non-invasive techniques, such as carotid ultrasound (CUS) and computerized tomography angiography (CTA), which have limitations in grading definition. Moreover, the actual hemodynamic impact of a stenosis remains poorly defined. Preliminary studies explored the application of the resting full-cycle ratio (RFR), measured with pressure wire (PW), but the correlation between RFR and morphological/hemodynamic parameters is still undefined. This study aims to test the correlation between RFR and CUS-CTA-DSA based degree of stenosis, to define the suitability of RFR as carotid stenosis index.

Methods

We included patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis receiving carotid artery stenting (CAS), between November 2022 and May 2023. We performed CUS and PW measurements before and after stenting, at four different sites (trans-lesion, distal cervical, petrous and supraclinoid internal carotid artery [ICA] segments). We compared CUS and PW parameters by Pearson's or Spearman test for continuous variables.

Results

Among 15 patients included the mean stenosis degree was 81.3%. Trans-lesion RFR was significantly higher than other sites (0.72 ± 0.2 trans-lesion vs. 0.69 ± 0.18 distal cervical ICA vs. 0.66 ± 0.2 petrous ICA vs. 0.6 ± 0.2 intracranial ICA, p < 0.05). All RFR values significantly increased after treatment; the highest relative increase was registered at stenosis site (0.72 ± 0.2 pre-stent vs. 1.01 ± 0.1 post-stent, p < 0.01). Trans-lesion RFR was significantly associated with the CTA and DSA stenosis degree and CUS measurements.

Conclusions

Pressure wire in carotid artery stenosis seems safe and suitable. Resting full-cycle ratio has a significant correlation with CUS values and stenosis degree and might be used as carotid stenosis index during CAS.
Pro-dictatorship memorialization in democratic Chile (1990–2020): How is it maintained?
Authors: Infante Batiste Valentina
Published: December 2023

The article examines the combinations of conditions that explain the maintenance of pro-dictatorship memorialization in democratic Chile, where various pro-dictatorship memory sites, memorials, squares, and street names still positively commemorate the military dictatorship or associated elements (1973–1990). The study used four main explanatory factors and subjected them to a Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The procedure revealed that, in Chile, pro-dictatorship memory sites are maintained through two main paths. On one hand, “Walls” (veto players) block elimination demands and guarantee the pro-dictatorship sites’ maintenance. On the other hand, it is the combination of “Silence” (absence of human rights organizations denouncing the site) and “Local and/or Institutional Support” (protection granted by local communities or state agencies) that explain the maintenance of pro-dictatorship memorialization. These results reflect a unique sociological attempt to understand the phenomenon of pro-dictatorship legacies and their permanence in democracy.
The Kaleidoscopic perspective on the privatisation of education in Zimbabwe: A neglect of Ubuntu values?
Authors: Chimbunde Pfuurai , Moreeng Boitumelo Benjamin
Published: December 2023

This qualitative case study from Zimbabwe drew inspiration from the sharp rise of for-profit, high-cost private schools to explore and discuss the perspectives of the parents, teachers and private school owners on the nexus between the emergence of private secondary schools and the applicability of Ubuntu values. Tapping insights from the Ubuntu values, the generated data from online questionnaires and WhatsApp discussions were employed to discern the phenomenon. The themed findings built from a sample of 20 participants purposively selected show that Zimbabwe’s education system has ricocheted back to the colonial era as evidenced by the resurfacing of a dual education system based on economic lines. Findings show that private schools evolved not just to supplement public schools in providing quality education but also to reinforce the interests of the wealthy and their substitutes, undermining the inclusive vision embodied in SDG 4 and the Ubuntu philosophy. The study implores African countries in similar contexts to turn to Ubuntu values to provide equal educational opportunities to all citizens, regardless of class. This exploratory research provides novel insights into the applicability of Ubuntu philosophy in enhancing parity in the educational landscape.
Regional Variation in Opioid-Related Emergency Medical Services Transfers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Yazdanfard Sahar , Thornton Douglas , Bhatt Prachet , Fatima Bilqees , Khalid Javeria , Song Juhyeon , Varisco Tyler Jordan
Published: December 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted public infrastructure and healthcare utilization. However, regional variation in opioid-related harm secondary to COVID-19 remains poorly understood. This study aimed to measure the regional variation in the association between stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) and nonfatal opioid-related emergency medical services (EMS) transfers in the United States.

Methods:

In this interrupted time series design, counts of nonfatal opioid overdoses were identified in each week between July 29, 2019 and December 27, 2020 from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System Dataset. A longitudinal, interrupted time series model was used to compare the change in the number of nonfatal opioid overdose transfers between the pre-pandemic period (July 29, 2019-January 6, 2020) and the pandemic period (June 1, 2020-December 27, 2020). The time period between January 7, 2020 and May 31, 2020 was treated as a washout period to account for state-level variation in the timing of SAHO implementation.

Results:

We identified 277 141 adult nonfatal opioid-related overdose EMS transfers in the United States across all census regions. After implementation of the SAHO, EMS transfers significantly increased in all regions, with an increase most notable in the Southern United States (2161, 95% CI: 1699-2623 transfers per week). In the post-SAHO period between June 1 and December 27, 2020, EMS transfers declined from this regional peak in the Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States. No change in trend was observed in the Western United States.

Conclusion:

These findings underscore the importance of tailoring public health policies regionally. While most regions saw a modest decline in opioid-related EMS transfers after an initial increase, the COVID-19 pandemic led to notable increases in opioid-related EMS transfers nationwide. Future research should focus on identifying public health strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid-related morbidity.
Recruiting and Retaining a Diverse and Skilled Addiction Treatment Workforce
Authors: Paradise Ranjani K. , Wakeman Sarah E.
Published: December 2023

National drug overdose deaths have been rising for decades, with particularly significant increases in recent years among populations of color. There is an urgent need for timely, accessible substance use disorder treatment, but workforce shortages across roles and settings impede the ability of the treatment system to meet the rising and evolving demand. In this Commentary, the authors discuss reasons for workforce shortages across roles, and offer recommendations for 8 areas of investment to grow and sustain a substance use and addiction care workforce prepared to address the overdose crisis in a racially equitable manner.
Utilization of Romosozumab in Primary Care
Authors: Hye Yang Soon , Mittal Neha , Bell Amanda L. , Bell Christian E.
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of the study is to highlight the role and safety of romosozumab in patients at high risk of fractures in primary care. Data Sources: A systemic database search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library was conducted for articles with keywords romosozumab, osteoporosis, and safety between inception and July 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Phase 3 trials in patients with osteoporosis were included. Data results from these trials were utilized for assessment. Data Synthesis: Romosozumab decreased vertebral fracture incidence by 73% at 12 months ( P < 0.001) in osteoporotic postmenopausal women compared with placebo. In an active-controlled fracture study in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture, a 48% lower risk of new vertebral fracture was observed at 24 months in the romosozumab-alendronate group ( P < 0.001) compared with alendronate group. In a study comparing romosozumab with teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture, 2.6% of the mean percentage change from baseline in the total hip (TH) areal bone mineral density (BMD) was observed with romosozumab, while teriparatide led –0.6% of change ( P < 0.0001). Romosozumab significantly increased the mean percentage change from baseline in the lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) BMD than placebo in men with osteoporosis (LS, 12.1% vs 1.2%; TH, 2.5% vs –0.5%; P < 0.001). Serious cardiovascular events were observed in the romosozumab compared with alendronate (2.5% vs 1.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-2.00) in postmenopausal women, and placebo (4.9% vs 2.5%) in men with osteoporosis. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review discusses the role of romosozumab in patients with high fracture risk and its safety in primary care. Conclusions: Primary care physicians should consider romosozumab for patients at high fracture risk who are intolerant or have not responded to other pharmacological treatment. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety of cardiovascular events.
Innovation-Led Transitions in Energy Supply
Authors: Lemoine Derek
Published: December 2023

Generalizing models of directed technical change, I show that complementarities between innovations and factors of production (here, energy resources) can drive transitions away from a dominant sector. In a calibrated numerical implementation, the economy gradually transitions energy supply from coal to gas and then to renewable energy, even in the absence of policy. The welfare-maximizing tax on carbon emissions is J-shaped, immediately redirects most research to renewables, and rapidly transitions energy supply directly to renewables. The emission tax is twice as valuable as either the welfare-maximizing research subsidy or the welfare-maximizing mandate to use renewable resources. (JEL H23, O31, O33, Q35, Q41, Q54)
Scarred Consumption
Authors: Malmendier Ulrike , Shen Leslie Sheng
Published: December 2023

We show that prior lifetime experiences can “scar” consumers. Consumers who have lived through times of unemployment exhibit persistent pessimism about their future financial situation and spend significantly less years later, controlling for income, employment, and other life-cycle consumption factors. Due to their experience-induced frugality, scarred consumers build up more wealth. We use a stochastic life-cycle model to show that financial constraints and traditional models of income and unemployment scarring fail to generate the negative relationship between past experiences and consumption. Instead, the relationship is consistent with experience-based learning. (JEL D12, D15, D91, E21, E24, G51)
Impact of emotional intelligence in resolving clinical conflicts among postgraduate residents of surgery
Authors: Gillani Syed Faraz Ul Hassan Shah , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Sethi Ahsan
Published: December 2023

Background & Objective: Emotional intelligence (EI) can become a vital tool for resolving clinical conflicts (CC) in surgery. The postgraduate residents focus on the technical skills and undermine the soft skills required for their better training. Our aim was to determine the EI of postgraduate resident (PGR) years one & two in General and Orthopedic Surgery. The CC in their workplace and how they use their EI to resolve these conflicts.

Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted from March 10, 2019 to May 28, 2020 at Departments of General and Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The study was conducted in two phases 1 & 2. In Phase-1, one hundred PGR years one & two were administered the Mayor-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence test (MSCEIT) to measure EI. In phase-2, semi-structured in-depth interviews of 10 PGRs five with high and five with low EI were conducted to determine the CC and use of EI to resolve the CC at the workplace. A thematic analysis was done.

Results: Out of 100 PGR, the mean EI score was 46.25±14.8 with a maximum score of 75.4, and a minimum score of 18.16 (p-value =0.775). Ninety-one (91%) have not improving EI, and 09 (09%) have considered developing EI. Five themes in four settings, including emergency, ward, elective operation theatre, and outpatient department (OPD) were determined. The emerged themes for the CC were nepotism, gender biases, burnout, lack of professionalism, and toxic culture. The following were CC management strategies: self-study, deceit, gender affinity, performing attention-attaining work, aggrieved reaction and being disgruntled when alone.

Conclusion: None of the PGR was emotionally intelligent in overall grades, as well as a particular aspect of MSCEIT.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7363

How to cite this: Gillani SFHS, Khan RA, Sethi A. Impact of emotional intelligence in resolving clinical conflicts among postgraduate residents of surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):399-404. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7363

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of a low, medium, and high-intensity aquatic physiotherapy protocol on functional and biochemical parameters in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Augusto Teixeira Cesar , Haas Lisete , Frata Bruna , Fiori Bortoli Andressa , Scalco Acco Fernanda , de Castro Gustavo , Cechetti Fernanda
Published: December 2023

Background: Knee osteoarthritis affects the performance of daily activities, independence, and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of this condition considers the mechanisms of activation of metalloproteinase and reactive oxygen species production pathways. Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) may be responsible for cartilage destruction. Aquatic physiotherapy promotes a positive impact on the clinical picture of osteoarthritis, and this study presents an intervention protocol that aims to evaluate the effects of a single session of different aquatic physiotherapy modalities on the biochemical and functional behavior of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: This will be a crossover randomized controlled trial in which 15 individuals will be submitted to three aquatic physiotherapy modalities with a minimum 15-day wash-out period in patients over 50 years old and diagnosed with OA in at least one knee, presence of pain and at least one functional dysfunction for at least 6 months, absence of physical limitation that prevents the exercise protocol from being performed, Kellgren and Lawrence ranking between I and IV, walk independently and without auxiliary device. Variations in the concentrations of MMP-3 and GPx in peripheral blood, pain, edema, and flexibility resulting from the three aquatic physiotherapeutic interventions will be evaluated both pre- and immediate post-intervention. The reference group will be submitted to the same aquatic physiotherapy protocols, however, only the biochemical parameters and the self-perception questionnaires will be evaluated.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05610696, 18/01/2023).
Case Report: A newborn in western Nepal with Harlequin ichthyosis
Authors: Rajput Prabhat Singh , Basnet Santosh , Paudel Pradip kumar , Devkota Bibek , Prasad Ram Jiban , Amgain Kapil
Published: December 2023

Harlequin ichthyosis(HI) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with an incidence of 1 in 300,000 live births. It is lethal in 44% of cases and the baby is usually prematurely born. These babies have thick, highly keratinized armor-like skin, which forms large diamond, trapezoid or rectangular plates separated by deep fissures. These affect the shapes of eyelids, nose, mouth and ears, and also limit movement of the arms, legs and chest.

This condition is linked with a nonsense or frameshift mutation in the ABCA12 gene, which is responsible for lipid transport in the keratinocytes. This gene synthesizes a protein that transports a lipid, epidermoside, a glucosylceramide, out of stratum corneum cells in the epidermis.

To our knowledge, this is the first case report on Harlequin ichthyosis from Nepal, which makes this case unique. The takeaway lesson from this case is that couples with consanguineous marriages should undergo screening of ABCA12 gene if they plan to conceive.
ANALYSIS OF STAKEHOLDER REQUIREMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF GRANT SUPPORT FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Barilyenko Vladimir , Plotnikova Vera , Strubalin Pavel
Published: December 2023

State grant support for small businesses in the agro-industrial complex is an important form of stimulating and financing innovative activity. The research is based on a stakeholder approach to business change management and specific innovative projects in the interests of the state and the business entities themselves with the help of the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises (FASIE) in scientific and technical spheres. The analysis conducted showed that out of the total financing volume for all “Start” and “Commercialization” programs, 9.29% of grant support was allocated to projects in the agro-industrial complex in 2021, and only 8.81% in 2022. The largest share of funding goes to the “Commercialization” program (74.22% in 2021 and 64.65% in 2022), which aims to support innovative projects of existing agricultural organizations, involving the creation, expansion, and modernization of production necessary for serial release. This does not fully satisfy the needs for supporting startups and young developing organizations. At the same time, the structure of satisfied applications reflects the requests of their authors – the largest share of allocated financing is for the “Biotechnology” direction (55.38% in 2021 and 42.58% in 2022), followed by “New instruments and intelligent production technologies” (29.58% in 2021 and 31.28% in 2022). However, the analysis of the requirements of state policy in the field of digitalization of the economy and changes in the needs of economic entities shows the inevitability of a gradual reorientation of their projects towards “Digital Technologies” and “Artificial Intelligence”. Geographically, the largest volume of allocated funds is for the Central and Volga Federal Districts (36.47% and 25.2% respectively), which does not sufficiently satisfy the needs of businesses in other regions of the country. A proposal is justified to satisfy the information needs of various groups of stakeholders in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex (including government bodies) by disclosing information on the actual implementation and effectiveness of funded projects by supported organizations and on the Fund's website.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy about the mental development of a child in the bright times of childhood
Authors: Uruntaeva G.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the system of views of the Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy (1828-1910) about mental development at the first stage of childhood in the story of the same name (1852). The deep emotional and personal connections of a child with his mother turn this time of life into a happy, unforgettable time, satisfying his need for the boundless love of the closest person. A holistic picture of mental development represents, on the one hand, the interconnections of its factors - the social world of the noble family and secular society; close direct communication with close adults and children; the child’s mastery of various types of activities provided for by the home education of the nobility; cognitive activity of the child aimed at entering society and understanding it. This picture, on the other hand, reveals the comprehensive formation, integration of all spheres of the child’s mental life - feelings, mind, actions in the uniqueness of worldview, self-awareness and introspection, the search for moral criteria for distinguishing between good and evil, the child’s individuality, which develops as the degree of expression of certain features in all areas of development. The main acquisitions of mental development are awareness, arbitrariness of behavior, activity, feelings, the ability to manage them and control their course. The happy era of childhood ends with the child’s meeting with the tragic secret of human existence - the death of a loved one, the resulting experience of irreparable loss, the severance of irreparable emotional and personal ties with the closest, dearly loved adults and home, marking the transition to a new era - adolescence, where there is grief and suffering, separation and sadness.
Pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the resource of a public organization in the social education of adolescents
Authors: Pedan Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The model is considered and the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the resource of a public organization in the social education of adolescents are highlighted, approaches to the disclosure of the potential of the activities of non-state actors contributing to the development of minors are determined. At the practical level, a program of social education of adolescents is presented, implemented by members of a public organization acting as mentors of children who are on various forms of preventive accounting.
The use of additive technologies in the process of teaching engineering graphics
Authors: Litvinova M.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the prospect of using additive technologies in the process of teaching engineering graphics. An overview of 3D printers, new opportunities in the educational process, as well as new professions related to 3D printing is given. The experience of conducting drawing lessons with the active use of 3D technologies in the educational process at school is described. According to this experience, the hypothesis is confirmed that additive technologies increase interest in the discipline, improve academic performance and understanding of the subject, develop creative abilities and design thinking.
Patterns of interaction between theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of education in the system of higher education and the subsequent work activity of students
Authors: Tebekin A. , Surat L.
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the presented study is due to the ongoing changes in the domestic system of higher education, including the forced withdrawal of Russia from the Bologna process, which predetermined new challenges in the development of a practice-oriented approach to learning, which determine the relationship between learning processes in the higher education system and the processes of subsequent work of students. The purpose of the presented research is to identify patterns of interaction between theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of education in the system of higher education and the subsequent work activity of students in the light of modern challenges for the national economy. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in identifying the composition of the main patterns of interaction of the listed theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of training in the system of higher education and the subsequent work of students, including: the use of a competency-based approach to learning, the use of interdisciplinary relationships, the implementation of the processes of humanization of the educational environment, the need for universities independently predict the demand for professions. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in the formation of a new domestic system for the development of higher education.
On the Development of the Proto-Indo-European *u̯ih1-ró-, ‘Man’, in Latin
Authors: Piwowarczyk Dariusz R.
Published: December 2023

The present article investigates the problem of the etymology and development of the Latin word vir, ‘man,’ usually assumed to have descended from the Proto-Indo-European form *u̯ih1 -ró-, ‘man’, but with somewhat irregular and not commonly accepted pretonic shortening of the vowel in view of the cognates in Indo-Iranian and Baltic. The shortening is usually explained as an effect of Dybo’s Rule, but it is pointed out that there might be a simpler solution to explaining the change, namely, the socalled Osthoff’s law, which occurred in the prehistory and history of Latin at least three times.
Between Sound and Silence – The Sonic World of Calpurnius Siculus’ Eclogues
Authors: Gryksa-Pająk Edyta
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze selected ways of sound presentation in Eclogues, written by Calpurnius Siculus, a Latin poet who lived and created in the time of Nero’s rule. Most attention will be drawn to songs performed by shepherds in their agons along with the sounds that are composed by surrounding nature, like rustling trees, murmuring streams and singing birds. What is more, an essential part is played by onomatopoeic effects realized by means of neatly chosen expressions. The correlation of accurate sounds has an impact on the sense of hearing and on the readers’ imagination, as they can be moved into the bosom of nature and almost ‘hear’ the sounds that accompany the scenes.
Gratian as optimus princeps – the Literary Image of “an Ideal Emperor” in Gratiarum actio ad Gratianum Imperatorem by D.M. Ausonius and the Laudatio in Gratianum Augustum of Q.A. Symmachus
Authors: Mleczek Anna
Published: December 2023

Ausonius and Symmachus addressed their speeches to the emperor Gratian, the son of Valentinian I. Ausonius included in his gratiarum actio two praises of the young emperor in order to express his gratitude for the consulate he received; Symmachus delivered his laudatio in honour of the ruler at a meeting of the Roman senate. In their speeches both authors showed not so much a real image of Gratian as an individual but rather a literary creation of optimus princeps. Gratian is presented as an ideal that is artificial in its perfection: he loses his individual and true characteristics and appears to be pasted into a panegyric-propaganda scheme based on literary convention as well as the slogans of imperial state ideology. In this article we aim to present the literary image of Gratian as “an ideal emperor”, which emerges from both laudatory speeches, as well as to point out the literary devices, motifs, panegyrical techniques and ideological topoi used in its creation.
Factors Related to Smoking Relapse Within Six-Months of Smoking Cessation Among Inpatients
Authors: Bae Ji Eun , Kim Chul-Woung , Lee Seung Eun , Jang Myungwha
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with smoking relapse within 6 months after quit attempts among inpatients of a university hospital.Methods: The subjects of this study were 572 inpatients of the National University Hospitals in Daejeon & Sejong who had enrolled in the smoking cessation service provided by the Daejeon·Sejong Tobacco Control Center and attempted to quit smoking. The data used in the study were extracted from the Smoking Cessation Service Integrated Information System. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox Proportional hazards model were used to identify variables associated with smoking relapse within 6 months.Results: The smoking relapse rate within 6 months was 76.7%, and variables associated with relapse included the absence of supporters for quitting smoking (hazard ratio [HR]=1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-2.02), nicotine dependence (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03-1.15), the use of prescription medications (including varenicline or bupropion) (HR=3.99, 95% CI=1.83-8.71), and the number of consultations (HR=0.67, 95% CI= 0.63-0.70).Conclusion: As a result of the study, the number of consultations showed the strongest correlation with abstinence within 6 months. This implies that it is necessary to increase the counseling participation rate of the subjects so that smoking cessation counseling can be continued after discharge, and it is also required to provide support education to guardians during hospitalization for effective smoking relapse prevention.
Good subjective health status and health-related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease: A secondary analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey in 2019 and 2020
Authors: Lee Jena , Suh Yujin
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to describe subjective health status of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), identify factors that affect good subjective health status and investigate the relationship between good subjective health status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with CKD.Methods: This secondary analysis utilized data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019-2020. Participants (N=295) had an eGFR of ≤59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting good subjective health status and examine the association between good subjective health status and HRQOL.Results: Among all participants, 61.4% had good subjective health status, and the HRQOL index was 0.88 in people with CKD. Household income, activity limitation, stress, and the number of comorbidities in people with CKD were associated with good subjective health status. People with better subjective health status were more likely to be satisfied with self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort in HRQOL.Conclusion: Good subjective health status is associated with better HRQOL. Therefore, subjective health status should be assessed early, and a nursing intervention program should be developed considering factors that can improve subjective health status in people with CKD.
Indication-Based Pricing for Multi-Indication Drugs
Authors: Adida Elodie
Published: December 2023

Many pharmaceutical drugs have multiple indications, for which they offer a varying degree of benefit for patients. Yet, in the current U.S. pricing system, the price of the drug is the same regardless of the indication for which it is prescribed. This uniform pricing policy can deter the payer from providing coverage for low-value indications, if the price is high relative to the potential benefit for patients, which can reduce patients’ access to the drug. It can also deter the drug manufacturer from investing in obtaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for new indications, as the lack of flexibility in pricing can result in too low demand (and thus profits) to recoup fixed investment costs. Indication-based pricing has been proposed as a new pricing mechanism for multi-indication drugs allowing the price to differ according to the indication, to better align the price of the drug to its value. In this paper, we analyze the effect of indication-based pricing in comparison with uniform pricing on the drug manufacturer’s profit and investment incentives, the patient demand and utility, the payer’s coverage incentives, and the payer’s objective. Under uniform pricing, we consider both the cases when the price can versus cannot be adjusted upon introduction of a new indication. We find that the drug manufacturer earns higher profits under indication-based pricing than under uniform pricing. Moreover, indication-based pricing improves incentives for the manufacturer to invest in a new indication and for the payer to cover the drug. If the fixed investment cost is high, indication-based pricing also benefits patients and the payer’s objective. Otherwise, the patient demand, patient utility and payer’s objective may be lower under indication-based pricing. Hence, payers who value the patient utility should carefully consider the tradeoffs involved in implementing this pricing system and where the bottlenecks are under uniform pricing.

This paper was accepted by Carri Chan, healthcare management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01721 .
Influence of Sedentary Behavior and Smartphone Use on the Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Adolescents
Authors: Park Kyong Sil
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of sedentary behavior and smartphone use on the risk of generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis using the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Data from 54,848 adolescents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Rao-Scott x2 test, and hierarchical logistic regression. Results: After controlling for socio-demographic, health-related behavior, and mental health factors as compounding variables, adolescents who sat for more than seven hours, when studying, on weekends had a significantly higher risk of generalized anxiety disorder odds ratios than those who sat for less than three hours. Adolescents who used smartphones for more than eight hours on weekdays and weekends had a significantly higher risk of generalized anxiety disorder odds ratios than those who used smartphones for less than four hours. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide an expanded health education program that reduces sedentary behavior and smartphone use to prevent the risk of generalized anxiety disorder at home and school.
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (K-PBQ)
Authors: Han Hyun Min , Kim Suk-Sun
Published: December 2023

Purpose: We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (K-PBQ) among Korean parents with children under 12 months of age.Methods: The K-PBQ was translated considering Korean cultural validity through translation, back-translation, and expert panel review. Construct validity was tested by conducting both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with data from 308 couples (N=616). Convergent and discriminant validity were performed using correlations between the K-PBQ and instruments measuring the concepts of attachment, postnatal depression, and dyadic adjustment. The reliability of the K-PBQ was calculated using Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficients.Results: EFA revealed that the 25-item K-PBQ was composed of two factors: impaired bonding (17 items) and the burden of infant care (8 items). The results of the final model fit were acceptable. Known-group validity showed that the K-PBQ score of the postnatal depressed group was significantly higher than that of the non-depressed group. The Cronbach’s ⍺ of the K-PBQ was .95.Conclusion: The K-PBQ was verified as a valid and reliable scale to measure postpartum bonding among parents with children under 12 months of age in Korea. It may contribute to facilitating further research on parent-infant bonding.
Peculiarities of the Development of Economic Strategy for the Implementation of Corporate Integration Processes
Authors:   Private Institution of Higher Education ", Chen Minlei ,   Rauf Ablyazov East European University"
Published: December 2023

The study is devoted to the generalization of the theoretical foundations of the essence of the economic strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes, the classification of integrated structures and forms of implementation of the integration process, as well as the determination of the stages of the implementation of the economic strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes and the justification of the scheme of its implementation in corporate management. A detailed analysis of literary scientific sources on this issue by domestic and foreign authors was carried out, which made it possible to outline approaches to the definition of integration processes of corporate structures and to formulate the author's definition of this category. We understand the integration of corporate structures, as the processes of entities combining their resources, assets, technologies, factors of production, information, sales networks, market shares and other values to achieve common goals and satisfy their interests for the period of validity of these goals. In the study, approaches to the classification of integrated structures are defined, in particular, their various forms and variants of the implementation of the integration process are defined. Also, in the context of consideration of the economic strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes, the author proposed his own definition of the concept of "economic strategy", as a holistic system of actions of the subject aimed at achieving its goal, fulfilling tasks and priorities in the field of economic reproduction. In particular, the main economic aspects of the strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes were presented and its main stages were substantiated. It was proven necessary that in the process of implementing an economic strategy, three main components of this process should be followed: coding, refinement and transformation. Therefore, the implementation of the strategy is a complex process that requires a holistic approach and systematic work on each of the stages to achieve success. The results show that the economic strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes plays an important role in achieving success in merging or acquiring companies and has great relevance in the modern business environment with many advantages (maximization of value; expansion of market presence; optimization of operations; diversification of risks; access to new technologies; personnel management). Taking into account these advantages, the economic strategy for the implementation of corporate integration processes becomes an important tool for achieving strategic goals and ensuring successful integration.
Validación de la escala TPACK-DGG y su implementación para medir la autopercepción de las competencias digitales docentes y la brecha digital de género en la formación del profesorado
Authors: Gómez-Trigueros Isabel María
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN. Entre las competencias que debe poseer un docente se encuentra la competencia digital. Se trata de una habilidad clave para poder participar en la actual sociedad hiperconectada del siglo XXI. Una de las tareas principales del profesorado es formar a la ciudadanía para su plena integración social. Así, se torna imprescindible que el profesorado disponga de competencias digitales para una educación de calidad, evitando brechas digitales también de género. MÉTODO. Los objetivos planteados son dos: el primero, validar la escala TPACK-DGG para medir la autopercepción en competencias digitales docentes y la brecha digital de género; el segundo, analizar las percepciones en la autoeficacia del modelo TPACKDGG en los futuros docentes en formación. Para la consecución del primer objetivo, se utilizó el panel de expertos y un aprueba piloto; para el segundo objetivo, se aplicó el instrumento en una muestra de 1.059 estudiantes universitarios de Grado y de Máster. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS v.26 para medir las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. RESULTADOS. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que el modelo TPACK-DGG confeccionado ad hoc y adaptado al contexto español cuenta con consistencia interna, rigor y estabilidad estructural para servir como instrumento de medición de competencias digitales docentes. De igual forma, se confirma la persistencia de la brecha digital de género entre el profesorado en formación identificado en diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres, en dos dimensiones del modelo TPACK-DGG. DISCUSIÓN. El instrumento cumple con estabilidad estructural y consistencia interna. Se confirma la idoneidad del instrumento TPACK-DGG para medir las dimensiones de autopercepción en competencias digital docente y brecha digital de género del futuro profesorado. Estos resultados inciden en la importancia de continuar investigando sobre la persistencia de las brechas digitales en la formación inicial del profesorado en las facultades españolas.
An analysis of virtual simulations from the TPACK perspective
Authors: Baeza González Adrián , Usart Rodríguez Mireia , Marqués Molías Luis
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION. Virtual simulations (VS) have increased their presence in the higher education training actions during the last years and has been consolidated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as a powerful tool that allow us to overcome many of the limitations of the face to face simulation rooms, related to costs and replicability. However, there is a lack of studies about the use of theoretical models, such as the TPACK, for the analysis of VS. METHOD. In this article a systematic review of the literature is conducted with the main aim of analysing the characteristics of the VS used in higher education during the last decade (2012-2022) from the optic of the TPACK model. RESULTS. The main findings are the big use of VS in Health-related areas and especially in the American continent (Unite States and Canada); the screen-based and computer-based simulation played online as the most common technological features; and the Experiential learning, the Situated learning and the Problem-based learning as the most common theories for the pedagogical justification of VS in higher education. DISCUSSION. A series of relationships has been spotted among the technological, pedagogical and content features of the VS that help us to better understand this tool that has a growing use, especially in the health field. Conclusions show, on the one hand, the lack of articles that properly describe the use of VS according to the TPACK requirements and, on the other hand, the adequacy and viability of this model for the analysis and development of VS.
How does subjective social status at school at the age of 15 affect the risk of depressive symptoms at the ages of 18, 21, and 28? A longitudinal study
Authors: Lange Marie Kjærgaard , Just-Nørregaard Vivi , Winding Trine Nøhr
Published: December 2023

Background

Young people’s mental health is declining. Depression is a public disease which is increasing internationally, and in Denmark an increase is seen especially among young people. Objective social status is known to be associated with mental health and depression, but little is known about the association between adolescent subjective social status at school and depressive symptoms during young adulthood. The aim was to investigate the association between 15-year-old’s subjective social status at school and the development of depressive symptoms at age 18, 21 and 28.

Methods

The study is a longitudinal study using questionnaire data from The West Jutland Cohort Study Denmark. The study population consisted of adolescents who at baseline, at age 15 (2004), had answered questions about their subjective social status in school using the MacArthur scale-youth version. Answers were categorised into low, medium, and high subjective social status. Outcome data about depressive symptoms was collected at age 18 (2007), age 21 (2010) and age 28 (2017) using the CES-DC and CES-D scales, dichotomised into few or many depressive symptoms. The associations between subjective social status at school at age 15 and depressive symptoms at ages 18, 21 and 28 were analysed using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Statistically significant associations were found between low subjective social status at school at age 15 and the odds of many depressive symptoms at all three age points in young adulthood. When adjusting for co-variates the odds ratio for many depressive symptoms at age 18 was OR 3.34 [1.84;6.08], at age 21 OR 3.31 [1.75;6.26] and at age 28 OR 2.12 [1.13;3.97].

Conclusions

The subjective social status of 15-year-olds is associated with depressive symptoms at ages 18, 21 and 28, respectively. It seems that subjective social status at age 15 is of greatest importance for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the short run, and that the impact attenuates over time.