bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diskussion der Ergebnisse
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Es erfolgt sowohl eine inhaltliche als auch eine forschungsmethodische Diskussion der Ergebnisse. Bei der inhaltlichen Betrachtung werden Anschlüsse an Theorien und den Forschungsstand hergestellt, Hypothesen und offene Fragen formuliert sowie die Übertragbarkeit der entwickelten Theorie erörtert. Dabei werden die, in dieser Arbeit bearbeiteten, Themenbereiche jeweils zu den Ergebnissen in Beziehung gesetzt. Zuletzt werden alle Themenbereiche zusammengenommen auf ihren Antwortgehalt für die Forschungsfrage betrachtet. Bei der forschungsmethodischen Diskussion wird die Zusammenstellung des Samples diskutiert, die gewählten Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Grenzen für diese Arbeit betrachtet und die Ergebnisse der Arbeit vor dem Hintergrund sicherheitsrelevanter Forschung diskutiert. Abschließen wird beschrieben, inwiefern die Gütekriterien der Grounded Theory Methodologie und der qualitativen Forschung berücksichtigt wurden.
Herleitung der Forschungsfrage
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird die Forschungslücke herausgearbeitet und anschließend die Formulierung der Fragestellung der Dissertation erläutert. Zusammengefasst besteht die Forschungslücke darin, dass medienbezogene Bildungsprozesse bisher nicht in einem Interaktionsgefüge beforscht wurden und es bisher kaum Forschung zum allgemeinen Ablauf von der Mediennutzung bis hin zu medienbezogenen Bildungsprozessen gibt. Insofern wurde folgende Forschungsfrage formuliert, die ergebnisoffen gehalten ist sowie die rekonstruktive, auf subjektive Beschreibungen beruhende Herangehensweise der Erforschung von Bildungsprozesse beinhaltet: Inwieweit nehmen Paare medienbezogene Bildungsprozesse im Zusammenhang mit den Interaktionen ihrer Beziehung wahr?
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Schlachter Sabrina
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird die konkrete Umsetzung der Datenerhebung und -auswertung beschrieben. Es werden die zur Erhebung genutzten Medientagebücher und leitfadengestützten Paarinterviews dargestellt und der Ablauf der Rekrutierung und Datenerhebung beschrieben. Darauf folgt die Darstellung des Samples und dessen Grenzen. Im Anschluss daran wird der Ablauf der Datenaufbereitung dargelegt. Es wird das Datenanalyseverfahren erläutert. Abschließend wird das Vorgehen in Bezug auf den Datenschutz ausgeführt.
“Fresh Start” Messaging, “Rebirth Associations,” and Consumers’ Environmentally Sustainable Actions
Authors: Strizhakova Yuliya , Coulter Robin A. , Price Linda L.
Published: December 2024

What do consumers do with their used clothing, books, and children’s toys? In this research, we introduce metaphoric “fresh start” messaging as an effective tactic to encourage consumers to engage in environmentally sustainable actions of donating used products for remanufacture or reuse. Drawing on conceptual metaphor theory and construal theory, we contrast metaphoric “fresh start” messaging with dominant “reduce waste” and “recycle” non-metaphoric environmental messages. Across six experimental studies, metaphoric “fresh start” messaging is more effective in increasing environmentally sustainable actions, including used product donations and donation intentions. The effectiveness of metaphoric “fresh start” messaging is grounded in its activation of abstract thinking as “rebirth associations,” thoughts around new beginnings, renewal, and new life. We examine the effectiveness of metaphoric “fresh start” (vs. non-metaphoric environmental) messaging with the use of “fresh start” temporal landmarks (New Year’s Day and Earth Day) and find that metaphoric “fresh start” messaging, with or without these temporal landmarks, is more effective in triggering abstract thinking as “rebirth associations.” Our work substantiates the power of metaphoric “fresh start” messaging in encouraging consumers’ environmentally sustainable actions and has significant implications for the use of conceptual metaphors in marketing messages.
Verb-echo answers to a certain type of questions in Nanjing Mandarin
Authors: Tan Qinyi
Published: December 2024

A verb-echo answer (VEA) is a short answer that repeats the verb from the preceding polar question. This study examines VEAs to a particular type of polar question in a Chinese dialect, Nanjing Mandarin (NM), and argues that VEAs are derived through head movement and clausal ellipsis. This paper provides various evidence to support this analysis by showing that VEAs are compatible with undroppable subjects and that idiom chunks are understood in VEAs. It also shows that VEAs allow real adjunct-including readings. In addition, this study presents a novel finding concerning the verb-initial construction in NM, suggesting that V-to-C movement is permissible. The analysis leads to two consequences concerning head movement: violations of Head Movement Constraint cannot be repaired by clausal ellipsis, and the instance of head movement observed in this paper is a syntactic operation.
Disagreeing softly: Supporting students in managing disagreement in peer critique
Authors: Zhou Jinzhi , Hmelo-Silver Cindy E. , Ryan Zach , Stiso Christina , Murphy Danielle , Danish Joshua , Chinn Clark A. , Duncan Ravit Golan
Published: December 2024

Disagreement is often perceived negatively, yet it can be beneficial for learning and scientific inquiry. However, students tend to avoid engaging in disagreement. Peer critique activities offer a promising way to encourage students to embrace disagreement, which supports learning as students articulate their ideas, making them available for discussion, revision, and refinement. This study aims to better understand how students express disagreement during peer critique within small groups and how that affects moving their inquiry forward. It explores 5th-grade students’ management of disagreement within a computer-supported collaborative modeling environment. Using conversation analysis, we identified various forms of disagreements employed by students when engaging with different audiences. We observed a tendency for students to disagree softly; that is, disagreement was implied and/or mitigated. Students’ resolution of both direct and soft disagreements effectively promoted their collective knowledge advancement, including building shared scientific understanding and improving their models, while maintaining a positive socio-emotional climate. These findings have implications for designing CSCL environments with respect to supporting students in providing and responding to peer critiques at the group level.
Diabetes Care Disparities in Deaf/Hard of Hearing and Blind/Low Vision Populations
Authors: Hughes Allyson S. , Mirus Karissa , Heydarian Nazanin M. , Litchman Michelle L.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

Describe the connection between Deaf/hard of hearing (DHH) and diabetes, explain the bidirectional relationship of blind/low vision (BLV) and diabetes, characterize challenges DHH and BLV populations face when seeking healthcare regarding their diabetes management. Highlight the inaccessibility of diabetes technology in these populations. Provide best practices when communicating with DHH and BLV people in the clinical setting.

Recent Findings

Diabetes disparities exist in DHH and BLV populations due to systemic barriers to health equity related to access and communication. Structural barriers, risk factors, social determinants of health, and the U.S. healthcare system do not support the DHH and BLV communities. Importantly, healthcare professionals do not receive adequate training on communication and treatment of DHH and BLV populations. Together, social determinants of health, such as healthcare access and quality, education access and quality, and lack of adequate clinician training allow ableism to persist and drive health disparities in these communities.

Health disparities faced by DHH and BLV populations are driven by barriers to diabetes standards of care. These inequities must be rectified to improve and maintain high quality care.
Analysis and machine-learning-based prediction of beach accidents on a recreational beach in China
Authors: Li Yuan , Tang Jialin , Zhang Chi , Li Qinyi , Chi Shanhang , Zhang Yao , Qi Hongshuai , Zhang Chuang
Published: December 2024

Beachgoers are sometimes exposed to coastal hazards, yet comprehensive analyses of characteristics and potential factors for beach accidents are rarely reported in China. In this study, information on beach accidents was collected on a recreational beach from 2004 to 2022 by searching the web or apps. The characteristics of beach accidents were therefore analysed in terms of age, gender, and activity of beachgoers. The potential factors were resolved in environmental aspects of meteorology, waves, tides, and beach morphology. Results show that beach accidents mainly occur in summer, with the highest occurrence in the afternoon and evening. The number of male beachgoers in accidents is five times higher than that of females. 90% of accidents occur when the beach is at a high-risk level for rip currents, providing evidence for the accuracy of the risk map built in a previous study. Three machine learning models, i.e., Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and BP Neural Networks, are trained to predict beach accidents. The performances of these three machine learning algorithms are evaluated in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score. Support Vector Machine and BP Neural Networks significantly outperform Random Forest in terms of prediction. The accuracy in predicting "safe" and "dangerous" classes is approximately 80% of the Support Vector Machine model. This paper provides a preliminary study of machine learning based beach accident prediction for a specific tourist beach. In the future, machine learning will be applied to predict tourist beach accidents throughout mainland China.
RAD51 and RAD50 genetic polymorphisms from homologous recombination repair pathway are associated with disease outcomes and organ toxicities in AML
Authors: Mohseni Alireza , Toogeh Gholamreza , Rostami Shahrbano , Faranoush Mohammad , Sharifi Mohammad Jafar
Published: December 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy that responds to various therapies. The sensitivity of leukemia cells to chemotherapy is affected by the DNA damage response (DDR). In this study, we examined the association between RAD51 rs1801320, XRCC3 rs861539, NBS1 rs1805794, MRE11 rs569143, and RAD50 rs2299014 variants of the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway and AML outcomes.

Material and methods

PCR–RFLP was applied for the genotyping of 67 newly diagnosed cases. We performed Sanger sequencing to confirm the results of RFLP genotyping. Outcomes and organ toxicities were collected and χ2 testing was performed for association analysis.

Results

RAD50 variant allele carriers were protected from renal and hepatic toxicities (p = 0.024 and p = 0.045, respectively), and were associated with resistant disease (p = 0.001). RAD51 variant alleles were protected from liver toxicity (p = 0.031) and correlated with disease resistance (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

RAD50 rs2299014 and RAD51 rs1801320 polymorphisms may be useful for drug adjustment in AML.
6 Archaeological discoveries and new data from South Italy
Authors: Falezza Angela , Iacono Francesco
Published: December 2024

In the last 10 years, the archaeological landscape of South Italy has continued to thrive, especially thanks to research led by Italian and foreign universities. This report provides an overview of some of the archaeological discoveries and new data from the prehistoric to the Classical period, paying attention to the identification of possible patterns in the investigations conducted across the regions considered.
10 The Marc and Ismene Fitch Laboratory: half a century of interdisciplinary archaeological research
Authors: Kiriatzi Evangelia , Gardner Carlotta
Published: December 2024

This year, 2024, marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Marc and Ismene Fitch Laboratory for Archaeological Science. Since its inception in 1974, this pioneering laboratory has grown from an experiment into a world-renowned hub for archaeological science. As one of the first laboratories of its kind in Greece, and among only a few globally, the Fitch Laboratory expanded its expertise over the decades to encompass a wide range of disciplines. These include archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, human osteology, geophysics, pigment analysis, and its most recognized focus: archaeological ceramics. This paper reviews its history and development, and looks to the future.
3 Newsround
Authors: Phillips Rachel E.
Published: December 2024

‘Newsround’ offers a platform for new discoveries that do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year’s Archaeological Reports, but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives. This section is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather an overview of archaeological research in Greece. It comprises largely preliminary reports (results of excavations that took place up to and including June 2024, where possible) that complement the digital content made available through Archaeology in Greece Online (https://chronique.efa.gr). Due to the diachronic nature of a number of the sites, and for ease of reference, the material is organized geographically in the first instance and then chronologically (earliest to latest) within each section as far as possible.
On the Relationship Between Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Liu Bowei , Liu Jing , Liu Xuanqing , Li Shuhan , Liu Libo
Published: December 2024

As the typical thermospheric/ionospheric wave, traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs)/traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) always carry and transfer a large amount of energy and momentum during geomagnetic storms. In this study, we conducted a model simulation to explore the relationship between TADs and TIDs. Our term analysis indicates that neutral wind transport plays an essential role in coupling TIDs with TADs. Meanwhile, ambipolar diffusion and photochemical processes act as dissipative mechanisms at relatively high and low altitudes, respectively. Further analysis along the tracks of TADs shows that the two manifestations of TIDs, the peak height and density of the F2 layer ( and ) perturbations, are anti‐correlated. This anticorrelation is driven by neutral wind transport caused by plasma density gradients near . When TIDs manifest as Total Electron Content (TEC) perturbations, neutral wind perturbations (TADs) modulate TIDs through photochemical processes by raising and lowering the ionosphere. Finally, we discuss how TADs modulate TIDs at different altitudes, latitudes, and hemispheres. We demonstrate that the hemispheric asymmetry of the O/N2 ratio leads to a corresponding hemispheric asymmetry in TIDs. Our findings enhance the understanding of how the thermosphere and ionosphere are coupled through waves and how energy and momentum are exchanged in the thermosphere‐ionosphere system via these waves.
Mobile photon counting detector CT with multi material decomposition methods for neuroimaging of patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Park Su-Jin , Han Kwanhee , Park Junyoung , Min Jonghwan , Wu Dufan , Kim Doil , Kang Kyutae , Lee Duhgoon , Gupta Rajiv , Jung Jinwook
Published: December 2024

The photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a promising new technology that provides more spectral information in medical imaging. PCD-CT enables bedside imaging in the neuro intensive care unit (neuro ICU) for patients with life-threatening conditions such as brain hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate a multi-material decomposition algorithm available on PCD-CT, dubbed MD Plus, to differentiate between contrast agent and hemorrhage in hyperdense lesions. A certified multi-energy phantom was used to validate its performance with various x-ray exposure conditions and locations of contrast agent. The results from the quantitative analysis of multi-energy phantoms and the clinical cases of patients in the ICU demonstrated that MD Plus can accurately differentiate between the contrast agent and the hemorrhage. The extended MD Plus algorithm, including virtual non-contrast (VNC) and bone removal, was also validated for various clinical applications.
Tephra fallout hazard assessment for a hydrovolcanic eruptive scenario in Mayotte
Authors: Michaud-Dubuy Audrey , Komorowski Jean-Christophe , Lacombe Tristan , Gurioli Lucia
Published: December 2024

The new submarine volcano Fani Maoré offshore Mayotte (Comoros archipelago) discovered in 2019 has raised the awareness of a possible future eruption in Petite-Terre island, located on the same 60 km-long volcanic chain. In this context of a renewal of the volcanic activity, we present here the first volcanic hazard assessment in Mayotte, focusing on the potential reactivation of the Petite-Terre eruptive centers. Using the 2-D tephra dispersal model HAZMAP and the 1979 $$-$$ 2021 meteorological ERA-5 database, we first identify single eruptive scenarios of various impacts for the population of Mayotte. Even when considering the least impacting scenario, we show that ~ 30,000 people could be threatened by a future explosive eruption in the highly densely populated island of Petite-Terre. We then use a Monte Carlo approach to sample a series of eruptive scenarios and produce a probabilistic map allowing a long-term vision of the tephra fallout hazard in Mayotte. Finally, we discuss the probability of the different eruptive scenarios based on new field data and show that both Mamoudzou (Grande-Terre) and Petite-Terre could be impacted by at least 5 to 40 cm of tephra. These crucial results will be included in Mayotte’s first volcano emergency plan.
Similarity based task timely termination method for image based intelligent agents
Authors: Jie Sheng , Huang Xing , Jing Chengxi , Jiang Xian , Dong Ligang
Published: December 2024

Due to the hallucination of the underlying large language model(LLMs) or the unclear description of the task’s ultimate goal, the agents have become somewhat confused. Despite having completed tasks, they have not ceased working, leading to a waste of resource. We propose similarity-based task timely termination method for image-based intelligent agents, This method involves recording the scenario state after the completion of each sub-task and comparing it with the fully completed task scenario state using a structural similarity method. The result is quantified and standardized into a structural similarity index, which is used to judge whether the task has been completed. Moreover, we categorize the types of agents based on model and created an image-based agent task dataset. In experimental results, the image-based agents using this method showed an average reduction of 1.94 steps in the number of steps to complete 20 task tests, a $$44.1\%$$ reduction in time costs, and a $$47.3\%$$ reduction in token costs. This method can effectively reduce the negative actions of image-based agents when they experience hallucinations, ensuring their tasks are completed excellently, and it can effectively reduce the waste of resources such as time, tokens, and hardware. Our project can be found at GitHub.
Exploring purine analogues as inhibitors against Katanin, a microtubule severing enzyme using molecular modeling approach
Authors: Saxena Vibhuti , Patil Pruthanka , Khodke Purva , Kumbhar Bajarang Vasant
Published: December 2024

Katanin, a key protein in cellular architecture, plays a crucial role in severing microtubules, which are vital components of the cytoskeleton. Given its central involvement in cell division and proliferation, katanin represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention, particularly in cancer treatment. Inhibiting katanin’s function could potentially hinder the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells, making it an attractive target for novel anti-cancer therapies. Previous studies have shown that purine-based compounds exhibit a strong affinity for microtubule-severing enzymes. In this study, we aim to identify potential purine-type inhibitors of katanin using molecular modeling techniques. A total of 276,280 purine-type compounds from the PubChem database were subjected to structure-based high-throughput virtual screening, followed by ADME prediction, PASS analysis, and molecular docking studies. These efforts led to the identification of two potent compounds: PubChem CID 122589735 and 123629569, which demonstrated strong binding interactions with katanin. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that these compounds effectively altered katanin’s conformation when compared to ATP. Additionally, binding energy calculations indicated that PubChem CID 122589735 exhibited the strongest binding affinity for katanin, with the binding free energy ranking as follows: 122589735 > 123629569 > ATP. Our findings suggest that the screened compounds, particularly PubChem CID 122589735, hold promise as potential katanin inhibitor. These compounds could play a significant role in the development of new anti-cancer therapies targeting a variety of carcinoma. Future research, including in vitro and in vivo studies, is essential to assess the efficacy and safety of these inhibitors, paving the way for innovative cancer treatments.
Spectroscopic evidence of the interaction of titanium(iv) coordination complexes with a phosphate head group in phospholipids
Authors: Scarpi-Luttenauer Matthieu , Boubegtiten-Fezoua Zahia , Hellwig Petra , Chaumont Alain , Vincent Bruno , Barloy Laurent , Mobian Pierre
Published: December 2024

Multiple spectroscopic techniques permit the assignment of interaction existing between Ti(iv) catecholato-based coordination compounds and phospholipids.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction of Ag/Ag2S/Ti3C2TX heterojunctions with enhanced interfacial charge transfer
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Yijun , Li Fei , Zhang Yang , Li Xiang , Xiong Wuwan , Dai Weili
Published: December 2024

The Ag/Ag2S/Ti3C2TX composites significantly enhance photocatalytic efficiency and CO2 reduction, offering a viable solution for sustainable energy production.
Visible-light-promoted azidation/arylation of unactivated alkenes with Togni-N3via electron donor–acceptor complexes
Authors: Xie Peng , Gao Yue , Wu Chenqi , Cheng Peidong , Zhang Yong , Sun Song
Published: December 2024

A visible-light-promoted azidation/arylation of unactivated alkenes with Togni-N3 toward a series of azidated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles via an EDA complex as the key intermediate.
Flexoelectricity-enhanced photovoltaic effect in flexible LiNbO3 nanorod array/PVDF nanocomposites
Authors: Zheng Xin , Tan Dan , Wang Weidong , Cao Xiaodan , Willatzen Morten , Wang Zhonglin , Ren Kailiang
Published: December 2024

We investigate the flexoelectricity-enhanced photovoltaic effect on the aligned LiNbO3 nanorod (LN-NR) arrays/PVDF nanocomposites. We demonstrated that the shape of LN nanomaterials can strongly influence the photovoltaic current of the composites, mainly due to the increase of the flexoelectricity.
Biodegradable semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for phototheranostics
Authors: Zhou Wen , Li Qiang , Liu Mingming , Gu Xuxuan , He Xiaowen , Xie Chen , Fan Quli
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes recent advances in biodegradable semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for phototheranostics, such as tumor imaging, lymph node imaging, as well as phototherapy, photo-immunotherapy, and anti-infection therapy.
Multi-organelle imaging with dye combinations: targeting the ER, mitochondria, and plasma membrane
Authors: Dubey Yogesh , Kanvah Sriram
Published: December 2024

The study describes photostable sulfonamide-based fluorophores for precise, overlap-free multi-organelle imaging and live-cell dynamics in HeLa and A549 cells, highlighting the potential of binary fluorescent mixtures for advanced cellular studies.
LLFormer4D: LiDAR‐based lane detection method by temporal feature fusion and sparse transformer
Authors: Hu Jun , Feng Chaolu , Jie Haoxiang , Ning Zuotao , Zuo Xinyi , Liu Wei , Wei Xiangyu
Published: December 2024

Lane detection is a fundamental problem in autonomous driving, which provides vehicles with essential road information. Despite the attention from scholars and engineers, lane detection based on LiDAR meets challenges such as unsatisfactory detection accuracy and significant computation overhead. In this paper, the authors propose LLFormer4D to overcome these technical challenges by leveraging the strengths of both Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer networks. Specifically, the Temporal Feature Fusion module is introduced to enhance accuracy and robustness by integrating features from multi‐frame point clouds. In addition, a sparse Transformer decoder based on Lane Key‐point Query is designed, which introduces key‐point supervision for each lane line to streamline the post‐processing. The authors conduct experiments and evaluate the proposed method on the K‐Lane and nuScenes map datasets respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method, achieving second place with an F1 score of 82.39 and a processing speed of 16.03 Frames Per Seconds on the K‐Lane dataset. Furthermore, this algorithm attains the best mAP of 70.66 for lane detection on the nuScenes map dataset.
The origin of color categories
Authors: Garside Daniel J. , Chang Audrey L. Y. , Selwyn Hannah M. , Conway Bevil R.
Published: December 2024

To what extent does concept formation require language? Here, we exploit color to address this question and ask whether macaque monkeys have color concepts evident as categories. Macaques have similar cone photoreceptors and central visual circuits to humans, yet they lack language. Whether Old World monkeys such as macaques have consensus color categories is unresolved, but if they do, then language cannot be required. If macaques do not have color categories, then color categories in humans are unlikely to derive from innate properties of visual encoding and likely to depend on cognitive abilities such as language that differ between monkeys and humans. We tested macaques by adapting a match-to-sample paradigm used in humans to uncover color categories from errors in matches, and we analyzed the data using computational simulations that assess the possibility of unrecognized distortions in the perceptual uniformity of color space. The results provide evidence that humans have consensus cognitive color categories and macaques do not. One animal showed evidence for a private color category, demonstrating that monkeys have the capacity to form color categories even if they do not form consensus color categories. Taken together, the results imply that consensus color categories in humans, for which there is ample evidence, must depend upon language or other cognitive abilities.
The measure transfer for subshifts induced by a morphism of free monoids
Authors: Bédaride Nicolas , Hilion Arnaud , Lustig Martin
Published: December 2024

Every non-erasing monoid morphism

σ
:

A

∗

→

B

∗

induces a measure transfer map

σ
X

M

:

M

(
X
)
→

M

(
σ
(
X
)
)

between the measure cones

M

(
X
)

and

M

(
σ
(
X
)
)

, associated to any subshift

X
⊆

A

Z

and its image subshift

σ
(
X
)
⊆

B

Z

respectively. We define and study this map in detail and show that it is continuous, linear and functorial. It also turns out to be surjective (Bédaride et al 2024 Ergod. Theor. Dynam. Syst.
44 3120–54). Furthermore, an efficient technique to compute the value of the transferred measure

σ
X

M

(
μ
)

on any cylinder

[w]

(for

w
∈

B

∗

) is presented.

Theorem.
If a non-erasing morphism

σ
:

A

∗

→

B

∗

is injective on the shift-orbits of some subshift

X
⊆

A

Z

, then

σ
X

M

is injective.

The assumption on σ that it is ‘injective on the shift-orbits of X’ is strictly weaker than ‘recognizable in X’, and strictly stronger than ‘recognizable for aperiodic points in X’. The last assumption does in general not suffice to obtain the injectivity of the measure transfer map

σ
X

M

.
Low-Temperature Slurry Aluminizing: Investigating the Influence of Aluminizing Time on the Corrosion Performance of Aluminide Coating on 304 SS
Authors: Owolabi Ambali Ibrahim , Seman Anasyida Abu , Abdullah Tuti Katrina
Published: December 2024

The surface of austenitic stainless steel (304 SS) was modified with aluminium and alumina powders using a slurry aluminizing route to enhance its lifespan at high temperatures. The substrate was subjected to low heat treatment temperature (680°C) at various aluminizing times (4, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The corrosion resistance of the aluminide coating was evaluated by exposing them to a mixture of molten solar salt containing 60 wt.% NaNO3 and 40 wt.% KNO3 at 600°C for 100 hours. The coatings were characterized using FESEM, EDX, and XRD. Coating thickness, hardness, multi-layered phases, and corrosion products were determined before and after corrosion. The results indicated that a dense and continuous inner layer made up of FeAl-based intermetallic improved the corrosion resistance of 304SS. Coating thickness increased with increasing aluminizing time, with a maximum thickness of 75.12 µm observed for samples with 10 hours of aluminizing. The highest coating hardness of 1060 HV was observed on Fe2Al5 of aluminide layer heat treated at 10 hours. The corrosion product found on the aluminide layer was NaAlO2 and the sample heat treated for 6 hours exhibited the lowest corrosion rate of 0.21 mm/year.
Effect of Anodization Parameter on the Formation of Anodic Nb2O5 in Fluorinated Glycerol
Authors: Alias Nurhaswani , Rosli Siti Azlina , Hussain Zuhailawati , Tan Wai Kian , Kawamura Go , Matsuda Atsunori , Lockman Zainovia
Published: December 2024

Niobium (Nb) anodization in buffered electrolyte has certain disadvantages because the oxide that was formed had a low thickness. Therefore, Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) was prepared by anodization of Nb in a fluorinated glycerol added to it 15 ml H2O. To investigate the impact of these parameters on the morphology of film production, variations were made to the NH4F concentration, applied voltage, and electrolyte temperature bath. Since a compact oxide was developed in the absence of NHF4, fluoride is necessary to create the oxide structure of nanopores. The surface morphology of the Nb2O5 film was greatly influenced by the applied voltage and electrolyte temperature. The length of the oxide layer decreased and the pore size widened as the applied voltage was increased. On the other hand, the preferential dissolution of the amorphous layer and the crystallization of Nb2O5 in a high temperature (>50 °C) and high voltage (60 V) bath cause the morphology to change from a porous to a microcone shape. The weakly crystalline Nb2O5 peak was confirmed to have formed by the XRD and Raman data.
Effect of hyperbranched polymer as toughener on tensile, thermal and electrical properties of thin film epoxy composites
Authors: Lim William Yung Ling , Jaafar Mariatti , Ishak Ku Marsilla Ku , Chan Wooi Keong , Chinniah Karuna
Published: December 2024

Due to the intrinsic brittleness of epoxy-based solder masks (SMs), hyperbranched polymers have emerged as potential alternatives for permanent SMs. However, the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of pure hyperbranched polymers is undesirable for SMs. Instead, they are more suitable to be used as toughening agent. Hence, this study investigates the influence of adding hyperbranched polyester polyol (HBP) on the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of epoxy composites. 15 wt% SiO2/epoxy composites were formulated with 0, 20 and 40 wt% HBP and dispersed via probe ultrasonication. The resulting composites were evaluated using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), universal testing machine, dielectric and surface resistivity tests. Findings revealed that adding HBP increased the elongation at break by 10.34 % but reduced both tensile strength and tensile modulus. This may relate to the absence of an increasing absorption peak of O-H group in FT-IR. For thermal stability, the addition of 20 wt% HBP raised the Tmax by 13.38°C but lowered both T5% and Tonset. Tg and storage modulus also decreased with the addition of HBP. The surface resistivity and dielectric constant of the SiO2/epoxy composites increased with the addition of HBP, while a higher addition (40 wt%) of HBP caused a high dielectric loss. In short, 20 wt% HBP/15wt% SiO2/epoxy composite shows the best elongation at break, thermal and surface resistivity, which leads to less brittle and thermally stable SMs.
Effect of Post-Processing Parameters of Accelerator-Free Crosslinker (AF) on Mechanical Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR) Latex Films
Authors: Azman Nadia Wan , Abdullah Nurhidayatul Ainah , Enomoto Norihide , Rashid Azura A.
Published: December 2024

Gloves manufacturers have been trying to establish an alternative vulcanization system without an accelerator to combat health issues. One such innovation is the technology of producing latex film self-crosslinked without the use of sulphur and accelerators. In this study, Polycarbodiimide (PCDI) was used as a crosslinker to produce carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex films. Effect of post-processing parameters (leaching and ageing) methods were carried out to investigate the performance of PCDI as a self-crosslinker compared to sulphur vulcanization systems. The mechanical and physical properties were measured from tensile, tear, swelling and durability tests. From this study, it is expected that XNBR gloves using PCDI imposed superior mechanical and physical properties similar to sulphur system XNBR gloves. PCDI-crosslinked shows comparable mechanical properties of XNBR latex films than sulphur-crosslinked due to the contribution of the two crosslink mechanisms that create more ionic crosslink formation resulting in much denser polymer network. The increase in post-leaching temperature enhanced the mechanical properties of XNBR latex films by effectively leaching out non-rubber particles. The thermal aging results show the mechanical properties of XNBR latex films increased with aging time. Based on the results obtained, PCDI can be used as an accelerator-free crosslinker in XNBR gloves with properties that meet the specifications for gloves applications.
Determination of Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Jute Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite as Tissue Equivalent Phantom
Authors: Khaidir Laili Marlina , Yusof Mohd Fahmi Mohd , Shawkataly Abdul Khalil , Mohamed Nurul Syazwina
Published: December 2024

The mass attenuation coefficient is a fundamental parameter in radiation physics and plays a pivotal role in understanding the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. This study aims to determine mass attenuation coefficients of newly developed tissue equivalent phantom fabricated from jute fibres reinforced with epoxy resin and activated carbon as a filler. The composites were prepared based on four different filler levels (ranging from 0wt% to 5wt%). The produced phantoms are characterized in terms of half-value layer HVL (cm) relating to linear attenuation coefficient, μ (cm−1). The linear and mass attenuation coefficients for the composites with different wt% of filler were determined at three different kV settings of the X-ray generator, covering the lower energy range of normal diagnostic practice (50 kVp, 102 kVp and 109 kVp) and by using the half-value layer (HVL) method. Aluminum filters were used to determine the HVL values and subsequently calculated the attenuation coefficients. The value of attenuation coefficients of fabricated composite materials was contrasted with theoretical value through the utilization of XCOM software at the same energy levels. The results were in good agreement for all ranges of wt% composite. These findings not only have significant practical implications for radiation-related technologies and applications but also enhance material characterization techniques. Hence, the attenuation measurements conducted in this study validate the suitability of jute-reinforced epoxy resin, filled with activated carbon as a phantom material that mimics human tissue.
Predication of Backbreak caused by the blasting operations of an open pit mine using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms
Authors: Appendix A. , Dehghani H. , Hashim M.H.M. , Matinpour F. , Bolbanabad SH. Mohammadi , Saleki M.
Published: December 2024

The main goal of open pit mines is to create adequate rock breakage whilst reducing adverse outcomes like flyrock, ground vibration, and back break. Of these, back break (BB) is a serious consequence of blasting in open pit mines, as it frequently diminishes economic advantages and has a negative impact on mines’ safety. As a result, accurate BB prediction is critical for design of mine blast and other production operations. In this study, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and random forest (RF) algorithms were implemented to predict BB. 61 categories of collected data from A and B mines of Sangan iron ore complex, Iran, were considered. Seven effective parameters on BB, i.e., the ratio of row spacing to burden (S/B), blasthole length (L), specific drilling (SD), sub-drilling (U), specific charge (P), stemming (T), and average charge in each blast-hole (Q) and their corresponding BB values were measured. To implement the suggested methods, in the first stage, 48 data sets were utilized as training phase data and remaining data sets were considered as test phase data. Then, the coefficient of determination parameter (R2) was employed for the training and testing data to evaluate the efficiency of the suggested models. The precision of the GWO and RF algorithms was further evaluated in comparison to multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The coefficient of determination values for the GWO, RF, and MLR for the training phase were 0.922, 0.948, and 0.643 respectively, while for the testing phase were 0.959, 0.966, and 0.733 indicating that both of the artificial intelligence approaches, GWO and RF, are more efficient than the MLR. Also, the calculated values of VAF and RMSE indicators reveal the GWO and RF algorithms can accurately predict BB values. Finally, the sensitivity analysis performed on the input parameters showed that the average charge in each blasthole (Q) has the greatest impact and specific drilling (SD) has the least impact on BB.
Ageing influence in rejuvenated reclaimed asphalt binder incorporating waste cooking oil: A review
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Ibrahim Khalili Abd , Yaacob Haryati , Kamarudin Siti Nur Naqibah , Odubela Christiana Adebola , Ngadi Norzita , Shaffie Ekarizan , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Al-Saffar Zaid Hazim , Amin Ahmad Shahrir
Published: December 2024

Mixing Recycled Asphalt Binder (RAP) with fresh asphalt mixture offers both environmental and economic advantages. However, the aged asphalt binder in RAP presents a significant challenge in sustainable asphalt pavement construction. One of sustainable approach is by using Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) to bring back the original properties of aged asphalt. Although, WCO ability to soften the aged binder is already established, its ability to improve the binder ability to resist the ageing is remain unknown. Researchers have recently explored the potential of using WCO as a sustainable rejuvenator for RAP, aiming to improve the binder’s resistance to ageing. This review covers important topics such the oxidative ageing mechanism in asphalt binders, ageing simulation techniques, the effectiveness of WCO in restoring the RAP properties, and WCO performance to increase asphalt ageing resistance. Through a comprehensive analysis of numerous prior studies, this review sheds light on the impact of WCO on the rheological characteristics, ageing resistance, and mechanical performance of the rejuvenated asphalt binder. The results from the examined literature are that WCO can be utilized as a sustainable rejuvenator in RAP by increase the durability and ageing resistance of binder. This review also points out some of the asphalt binder ageing factors are remains unknown which can be investigate for future research in this field. Ultimately, this review can be referred as a guidance to index and track the ageing factors in rejuvenated RAP by evaluates its characteristics and properties.
A Study of Potential and Environmental Impact of Rare-Earth Elements of Tin Mining in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Gusman M , Seprianti A , Anaperta YM , Anarta R , Rahman HA
Published: December 2024

Indonesia possesses substantial reserves of tin. Recent developments indicate that most of the tin concentrate is categorized as probable reserves (totaling 6.8 billion M3) and measured resources (totaling 7.2 billion M3) over the past five years. The primary mineral, tin, is accompanied by secondary minerals like monazite and xenotime, which have the potential to yield rare-earth elements (REE). These REEs consist of 17 transition metals, including 15 lanthanides such as Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), and others like Yttrium (Y) and Scandium (Sc). Studies indicate Indonesia harbors significant REE potential, estimated at around 1.5 billion tons, located in regions like Bangka Belitung, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Papua. However, the extraction and utilization of REEs may have environmental implications on a regional and global scale. These include concerns such as radioactivity, acidification, eutrophication, generation of solid waste, water consumption, energy footprint, toxicity, and others, necessitating careful consideration and management.
Effect Of Iraqi Porcelanite Composition on The Properties of Ceramic Tiles: Experimental and Simulation Works
Authors: Abdalkareem kalaf Ishraq , Nalanakumar Prakash Raja , Shariff Khairul Anuar , Mohammed Ahmed Hafedh Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Iraqi porcelanite on the properties of ceramic tiles and to compare experimental and simulated modulus of rupture (MOR) values of the ceramic tiles. Ceramic tiles with new body composition which include Iraqi porcelanite was prepared by batching, mixing, milling, drying, and pressing the raw materials, then fired at 1200 ·C for 6 hours. 4 different samples with varying wt.% of Iraqi porcelanite labelled as Control (0 wt.%), A (1 wt.%), B (3 wt.%), and C (5 wt.%) were prepared. Sample B showed the best properties, including highest fired shrinkage (37.15%), bulk density (2.78g/cm3), and modulus of rupture (MOR) value (24.88 MPa), along with lowest water absorption (0.651%) and apparent porosity (1.81%). Further increase in Iraqi porcelanite in Sample C shows slightly lower properties compared to sample B due to hindered mullite formation by high amounts of flux. The addition of up to 3 wt.% porcelanite is a viable substitute for ball clay. Simulated MOR values closely match experimental data but were lower in value overall. This was due to assumptions such as zero porosity, perfect dimensions and single-phase uniform microstructure. Simulation in ceramic industry has high potential by requires improved methodology for more accurate simulation.
Additive Manufacturing of Polylactic Acid for Electrostatic Discharge Materials Application
Authors: Ismail Iman Firdaus Bin , Shuib Raa Khimi Bin , Ramli Mohamad Riduwan Bin , Chia Siang Kok
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research work is to fabricate Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) compliant material utilizing Fused Deposition Modelling. FDM technique was utilized to fabricate ESD-compliant material. Polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen as the main material and blended with the conductive filler Carbon Black (CB) N550. Various CB compositions, ranging from 3-10wt% of Carbon Black N550, were mixed with PLA through a dry blending process for 24 hours at 40 rpm. The resulting material mixture was subsequently extruded into filaments using the 3Devo filament maker. CAD design and Ultimaker Cura slicer were utilized to construct the final product design and printing was carried out using Creality CR-6 SE. ESD test results showed that filament composition consisting of 97wt% PLA and 3wt% Carbon Black N550 achieved the desired ESD characteristics within the specified range. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of this selected blend demonstrated enhanced tensile strength and aligning well with its morphological behavior.
Investigating the Relationship Between Failure Patterns and Mechanical Properties of Rock
Authors: Mashin Muhammad Nurudeen , Saril Muhammad Amin , Zabidi Hareyani
Published: December 2024

The mechanical properties of rocks play a critical role in many geotechnical and geological applications. A good understanding of the mechanical properties of rocks and the factors influencing them enables accurate prediction of the behaviour of rocks in various applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the failure pattern and the mechanical properties of granite using the Schmidt hammer rebound test, p-wave velocity measurement, and thin section analysis. The average result of the Schmidt rebound test showed the lowest and highest values of 45.3 MPa and 77.3 MPa, respectively. The results of the p-wave measurement for the lowest and highest values are 3.380 m/sec2 and 6.776 m/sec2 respectively and the thin section confirmed the presence of mineralogical compositions such as quartz, biotite, muscovite, mica, and feldspar of the granitic rock. The results of this study have shown the importance of considering multiple techniques when investigating the mechanical properties of rock and performing a combination of tests that ultimately provide a complete understanding of the mechanical behaviour of rock. This study highlights the need for further research to deepen the understanding of the relationship between rock failure patterns and mechanical properties and to improve the accuracy and precision of rock property measurements.
Estimation of Link Margin and Doppler Shift of Ground Sensor Terminal for Nanosatellite Payload
Authors: Omar M. F. , Faiza Z. , Ali F. Z. , Jusoh M. H.
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this study is to develop and validate a method for estimating Link Margin and Doppler Shift to enhance the performance of the Ground Sensor Terminal (GST) for nanosatellite communication systems. The Link Margin estimation considers key factors such as Antenna Gain and losses, Atmospheric Effect, System Noise Temperature (Tsys), Margin (M), and Received Signal Strength (Pr). The methodology includes calculating the uplink budget using both the EB/No and SNR methods, with parameters extracted from the AMSAT IARU Link Model. Additionally, Doppler Shift is analysed as the change in frequency of the signal due to the relative motion between the satellite and the ground station. Mitigation strategies, including frequency management, adaptive modulation and coding, predictive tracking algorithms, and real-time feedback control systems, were explored as effective means to counteract the Doppler effect’s influence on signal integrity. The results indicate that for a satellite positioned at an altitude of 400 km, with a frequency of 145.825 MHz, the maximum Doppler shift at 0 degrees elevation is observed to be 4 kHz. Communication can be established with a link margin of 11.3 dB, starting from an elevation of 0 degrees, using the EB/No method, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of data transmission in nanosatellite missions.