bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anxiété maternelle de séparation et qualité de l’accueil du jeune enfant en accueil collectif et en accueil individuel
Authors: Foxonet Charles , Pulidori Sylvie , Trouillet Raphaël , Brunel Lionel
Published: April 2018

L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer l’impact sur l’anxiété maternelle de séparation (AMS) de la qualité de l’accueil du jeune enfant dans le registre des relations parents/professionnel-le-s en accueil collectif et en accueil individuel. Ces deux construits ont été évalués auprès de 54 mères primipares et du mode d’accueil de leur enfant selon la procédure suivante : évaluation de l’AMS à deux reprises au moment de la procédure d’accueil de l’enfant (début de la période d’adaptation et un mois après) ; évaluation de la qualité des relations parents/professionnelles des crèches et des assistantes maternelles concernées par cet accueil. Les résultats montrent que la qualité des relations parents/professionnelles a un effet significatif sur l’anxiété maternelle de séparation et que la période d’adaptation influence l’anxiété maternelle de séparation, quelle que soit la qualité des relations parents/professionnelles. Cette étude suggère que les professionnel-le-s de la petite enfance doivent être particulièrement attentifs à la qualité de l’accueil, étant donné son impact sur le vécu émotionnel de la mère en relation avec le bien-être de l’enfant.
L’impact combiné de l’identité professionnelle et de la motivation de service public sur le processus décisionnel dans les situations de dilemme
Authors: Schott Carina , van Kleef Daphne D. , Steen Trui P. S.
Published: April 2018

Celui qui travaille dans le secteur public doit être capable de prendre des décisions lorsqu’il est confronté à des dilemmes. Un processus décisionnel cohérent étant quelque chose de nécessaire pour assurer la performance organisationnelle, on peut se poser la question de savoir sur quoi les professionnels de la fonction publique appuient leurs décisions. La présente étude a pour but de nous aider à mieux comprendre si la motivation de service public et l’identité professionnelle sont des concepts qui permettent de prédire les décisions que vont prendre les professionnels de la fonction publique dans les situations difficiles. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur des données d’enquête pour étudier l’influence de ces deux concepts sur les décisions des inspecteurs vétérinaires employés par l’Autorité néerlandaise pour la sécurité des produits alimentaires et des produits de consommation. Les résultats confirment l’hypothèse selon laquelle le processus décisionnel est influencé par la manière dont les inspecteurs vétérinaires interprètent leur rôle professionnel. Il semble en revanche que la motivation de service public (PSM) n’ait ni une influence directe, ni une influence modératrice sur le processus décisionnel dans le contexte des situations de dilemme. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Deux conclusions importantes dans notre étude intéresseront les cadres qui travaillent avec les professionnels. Nos observations doivent les amener à tenir compte des points de vue différents que peuvent avoir les travailleurs à propos de leur travail lorsque des équipes sont formées ou lorsque des ensembles de tâches bien précis leur sont confiés. Par exemple, il convient de s’intéresser à la question du mix d’identités professionnelles le plus approprié pour atteindre les objectifs organisationnels. Deuxièmement, les gestionnaires des ressources humaines peuvent recourir au concept de PSM pour déterminer si les agents de l’État sont motivés pour ce qui est d’offrir les services publics. Les résultats indiquent aussi cependant que l’opérationnalisation de la PSM doit être adaptée au contexte professionnel des prestataires de services publics.
La critique aristotélicienne des Idées en Physique II 2 et l’interprétation de Simplicius
Authors: Golitsis Pantelis
Published: April 2018

Dans Physique II 2, 193b35-194a1, Aristote critique en passant les partisans des Idées, en les comparant aux mathématiciens. Dans un premier temps, le présent article essaie de préciser qui sont les Académiciens visés par Aristote et d’expliquer en quoi leur méthode s’apparente à la méthode mathématique. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article met en lumière la façon dont Simplicius détourne la critique aristotélicienne, en montrant que, malgré les apparences, le Stagirite accepte que les formes des réalités naturelles, à l’instar des réalités mathématiques, peuvent être pensées séparément, c’est-à-dire sans matière. La réflexion du néoplatonicien jette une nouvelle lumière sur la notion de methexis, au fond identique au phusikos logos ou « forme en soi », qui est semblable à la Forme intelligible.
Jean de Menasce (1902-1973), historien des religions, théologien et philosophe
Authors: Roessli Jean-Michel
Published: April 2018

Cet article retrace la vie de Jean de Menasce comme historien des religions, théologien et philosophe. Pour ce faire, les contributions les plus significatives de ce dominicain, spécialiste des religions de l’Iran pré-islamique, dans ces trois domaines du savoir sont passées en revue et sa place dans la science de son temps précisée, en recourant à ses échanges épistolaires avec quelques-uns de ses contemporains, en particulier le savant belge Franz Cumont, dont la correspondance avec Jean de Menasce, en grande partie inédite, fait l’objet d’une attention particulière.
A COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK TO DISCRIMINATE DIFFERENT ANESTHESIA STATES FROM EEG SIGNAL
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Abed
Published: April 2018

This paper develops a computational framework to classify different anesthesia states, including awake, moderate anesthesia, and general anesthesia, using electroencephalography (EEG) signal. The proposed framework presents data gathering; preprocessing; appropriate selection of window length by genetic algorithm (GA); feature extraction by approximate entropy (ApEn), Petrosian fractal dimension (PFD), Hurst exponent (HE), largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC), correlation dimension (CD), and Daubechies wavelet coefficients; feature normalization; feature selection by non-negative sparse principal component analysis (NSPCA); and classification by radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Because of the small number of samples, a five-fold cross-validation approach is used to validate the results. A GA is used to select that by observing an interval of 2.7[Formula: see text]s for further assessment. This paper assessed superior features, such as LZC, ApEn, PFD, HE, the mean value of wavelet coefficients for the beta band, and LLE. The results indicate that the proposed framework can classify different anesthesia states, including awake, moderate anesthesia, and general anesthesia, with an accuracy of 92.07%, 96.18%, and 93.42%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed framework can discriminate different anesthesia states with an average accuracy of 93.89%. Finally, the proposed framework provided a facilitative representation of the brain’s behavior in different states of anesthesia.
Teaching Media Literacy From a Cultural Studies Perspective
Authors: St. Onge Jeffrey
Published: April 2018

This chapter outlines an approach to teaching media literacy from the perspective of cultural studies. It argues that this perspective is especially well-equipped to meet the challenges and demands of media literacy in the twenty-first century, and as such would be of use to scholars in multiple disciplines. Briefly, the course examines the various ways that media shape public culture by analyzing histories of propaganda, public relations, and news framing. In addition, students consider the role of social media in their lives through a focus on the variety of ways in which media shape messages. The chapter describes the logic of the course, key readings, and primary assignments geared toward synthesis of media concepts, democracy, and culture.
The Biased Truth
Authors: Nicholson Andre
Published: April 2018

Consumers of news should expect to consume reports, which are an accurate and unbiased reflection of local, national, and world events. However, due to limitations that affect the packaging and presentation of many news stories today, consumers may not be experiencing a true reflection of those issues. This exploratory study examined three genres of news for objectivity and bias in the reporting of news stores: local news, national news, and satire news. The study found that although local news reporters attempt to report news stories with an objective narrative, it is often the news story's subject that impedes the process of objectivity. National and satire news programs also lose their objectivity based on the narrative presented by the hosts of the program.
A New Technique for Optimization of Product Acceptance Process in Terms of Misclassification Probability
Authors: Nechval Nicholas A. , Nechval Konstantin N.
Published: April 2018

A product acceptance process is an inspecting one in statistical quality control or reliability tests, which are used to make decisions about accepting or rejecting lots of products to be submitted. This process is important for industrial and business purposes of quality management. To determine the optimal parameters of the product acceptance process under parametric uncertainty of underlying lifetime models (in terms of misclassification probability), a new optimization technique is proposed. The most popular lifetime distribution used in the field of product acceptance is a two-parameter Weibull distribution, with the assumption that the shape parameter is known. Such oversimplified assumptions can facilitate the follow-up analyses, but may overlook the fact that the lifetime distribution can significantly affect the estimation of the failure rate of a product. Therefore, the situations are also considered when both Weibull distribution parameters are unknown. An illustrative numerical example is given.
Combination of Stochastic Methods for Solving ELD Problem of Thermal Power Generation System
Authors: Santra Dipankar , Sarker Krishna , Sarker Jayanti , Mukherjee Anirban , Mondal Subrata
Published: April 2018

This chapter reports a hybrid optimization technique, a combination of stochastic methods – particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO), which is applied to find economic dispatch schedule and minimum generation cost for convex and non-convex power generation system simulated in MATLAB. A 40-generator system is considered here with combinations of valve point loading, ramp rate limit, and prohibited operating zone. The output is also noted when transmission loss is taken into consideration. The results are found better than those of many other hybrid methods. Considering the quality of the solution obtained and nature of convergence, PSO-ACO may be accepted as a good alternative for solving ELD problems of varying complexity. Though PSO has been extensively used in ELD problems for its flexibility, robustness, and fast convergence, it often produces suboptimal solution due to its premature convergence. ACO, on the other hand, known for its good global exploration feature, imparts better balance between local and global search when combined with PSO.
Stochastic Approximation-Based Transport Profiling for Big Data Movement Over Dedicated Connections
Authors: Yun Daqing , Wu Chase Q.
Published: April 2018

High-performance networks featuring advance bandwidth reservation have been developed and deployed to support big data transfer in extreme-scale scientific applications. The performance of such big data transfer largely depends on the transport protocols being used. For a given protocol in a given network environment, different parameter settings may lead to different performance, and oftentimes the default settings do not yield the best performance. It is, however, impractical to conduct an exhaustive search in the large parameter space of transport protocols for a set of suitable parameter values. This chapter proposes a stochastic approximation-based transport profiler, namely FastProf, to quickly determine the optimal operational zone of a protocol over dedicated connections. The proposed method is evaluated using both emulations based on real-life measurements and experiments over physical connections. The results show that FastProf significantly reduces the profiling overhead while achieving a comparable level of transport performance with the exhaustive search-based approach.
What to Listen For
Authors: McGowan Kathleen
Published: April 2018

This chapter is a reflective narrative. When the author took music appreciation as an undergraduate music major, it was still taught in the “traditional” style: an overview of the rudiments of music, followed by a chronological mad-dash through as much of the history of classical music as could be crammed into a semester. In her later experiences as a teaching assistant and guest lecturer, the approach she chose was similar. Many online versions of music appreciation courses rely on this format. Such a course favors only the most ideal student. This chapter focuses on addressing the needs of typical students in music appreciation courses, and offers suggestions for making online, hybrid, and traditional courses more useful to both students and instructors. If future online courses hope to succeed in giving students a thorough background in academic musical skills, then they will need to address the digital divide as well as the musical divide between their resourced and under-resourced students.
Meta-Literacy in the Online Music Classroom
Authors: Scott Rachel Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

Studying music in an online setting requires that students and instructors leverage digital resources and participatory technologies with understanding and intentionality. Meta-literacy, a framework promoting critical thinking and collaboration, is an inclusive approach to understanding the complexities of information use, production, and sharing in a digital environment. This chapter explores the implications of meta-literacy for the online music classroom and identifies ways in which the librarian and music instructor can collaborate to promote student self-reflection on the use, creation, and understanding of musical information or content.
Talk and Play Family Education Perspective
Authors: Ural Ozana
Published: April 2018

The early childhood period is the most important time for a child's development. In the early years of a child, the responsibility of caring, training, and support lies upon the family. The child should be supported at home by family as well as the school. For maximum development of potential of children in the early period, the family and the school should be supported by various education programs. All programs that support preschool-aged children and their families in terms of child care and education can be called family education programs. Family education consists of various educational programs that include providing information to parents on becoming more knowledgeable, caring, responsible, happy, and healthy families and to maintain a good life with their children by guiding and advising them to acquire the necessary skills. Family education programs could be beneficial both for social and economic gains. This chapter aims to analyse various aspects of family education programmes in Turkey and abroad in a comparative perspective.
Development of Linguistic Abilities in Bilingual Education Through Musical Stories
Authors: Fernández Adela González
Published: April 2018

Bilingual education at the earlier stages of education is one of the main concerns of current governments and educative policies. This is resulting in the proliferation of new methodologies and educative proposals in order to obtain the best possible results. However, most of the time, teachers and educators focus on teaching linguistic elements in isolation. The aim of this chapter is to propose the use of musical tales in bilingual education in early childhood education as a tool for teachers and students to learn to communicate fluently in the foreign language. The use of music, literature, and drama in the same activity makes the perfect combination to help children learn a new language, since it improves aspects like vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and the communicative compentence in general.
Cross-Cultural Psychology of Play and Early Childhood Education
Authors: Özdoğru Asil Ali
Published: April 2018

Play is a universal form of human behavior that has been observed across all cultures and constitutes a fundamental role in children's development. This chapter summarizes theory, research, and practice of play in early childhood education from a cross-cultural perspective. Even though there are common qualities of play, there is a great deal of variation within and across cultures. In the multicultural environment of globalizing world, early childhood professionals need to make better use of play from an intercultural perspective. Effective utilization of play in early childhood education needs a thorough understanding of scientific theories and cross-cultural research on play. Quality early childhood education programs incorporate play as a central element in the curriculum with consideration of both individual- and group-level differences. Developmentally and culturally appropriate practice in early childhood education demands the assessment and utilization of individual and cultural characteristics of children in the planning and implementation of play-based interventions.
Play and Toys as Cultural Tools and Practices
Authors: Kamaraj Işık , Ural Ozana , Molu Fethiye Esra
Published: April 2018

Culture can be defined as the set of beliefs, traditions, values, customs, and norms specific to a group of people; it is acquired through the socialization process and is dominant and effective in all of our daily practices. Culture refers to the traditions and values of our communities, and through play, children explore and learn the rules and symbols of their communities. People of each generation, as they engage in sociocultural endeavors with other people, make use of and extend cultural tools and practices inherited from previous generations. This chapter aims to compare the use of two historical toys in two different cultures as cultural tools (“Eyüp Toys” and “Nuremberg Toys”); two activities in two different cities as cultural practices (“World Play Day” activities in Istanbul and the Toys Fair in Nuremberg); and finally, two institutions in two different cities as cultural institutions (Ataşehir Municipiality Düştepe [Dreamhill] Game Museum in Istanbul and Toy Collection at Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg).
Therapeutic Enzymes Used for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Coagulation Disorders
Authors: Khelfi Abderrezak
Published: April 2018

The successful introduction of enzyme replacement therapy opened the way for the use of enzymes, first as crude preparations and later as highly purified enzymes for use in cardiovascular diseases, clotting disorders, etc. Elimination of blood clot is the key factor in thrombolytic therapy and fibrinolytic enzyme therapy can be practiced to remove the clot. Based on the mechanism of action, they are of two types of enzymes: plasminogen activators and plasmin-like enzymes. Plasma products are usually employed as a source of several enzymes used for the treatment of coagulation disorders. While these products have traditionally been purified from blood donations and obtained as foreign proteins obtained from heterogeneous sources, most are now produced by biotechnology. The therapeutic enzymes reviewed in this chapter are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hereditary diseases leading to coagulation disorders. Enzyme preparations obtained by direct fractionation from a naturally producing source and recombinant enzymes are considered in this chapter.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase (HIV-RT)
Authors: Singh Anuradha , Singh Ramendra K.
Published: April 2018

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus and represents a primary target for drug discovery against HIV-1 infection. Two classes of RT inhibitors, the nucleoside and the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, are prominently used in the highly active antiretroviral therapy in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. This chapter deals with the salient features of HIV-RT that make it an attractive target for rational drug design and chemotherapeutic intervention in the management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Further, the role of RT in the viral life cycle, the ways the drugs act to inhibit the normal functions of RT, and the mechanisms that the virus adapts to evade the available drugs have been discussed. Computational strategies used in rational drug design accompanied by a better understanding of RT, its mechanism of inhibition and drug resistance, discussed in this chapter, shall provide a better platform to develop effective RT inhibitors.
Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Protein Hydrolysates From Ricinodendron Heudelotii(Bail.) Flours From Cameroon
Authors: Serge Ngangoum Eric , Blandine Mezajoug Kenfack Laurette , Kumar Sanjit , Vijayalakshmi Mookambeswaran , Clergé Tchiégang
Published: April 2018

Ricinodendron heudelotii kernels were defatted and used as substrate to produce protein hydrolysatesusing papain (PHP), trypsin (PHT), proteases from Abrus precatorius (PHAp)and B. enneandra(PHBe). The degree of hydrolysis (DH), antioxidant (DPPH method), and functional properties of hydrolysates were performed. The DH value, whatever hydrolysis time, was highest with PHP. The water holding capacity decreased with the hydrolysis time from 21.50 ± 0.44% to 5.20 ± 0.07%. After 6h of hydrolysis, PHAp exhibited maximum solubility value (70.17 ± 2.15%) while PHBe had lower solubility value (18.43 ± 0.12%). The highest value of emulsifying activity index was found at pH 9 with 0.25% (w/v) hydrolysate concentration. Within the range of pH used (4-9), the best foam capacity and foam stability were exhibited by PHBe. PHP, PHAp, and PHT inhibited DPPH radical at 83.30 ± 0.46, 75.07 ± 0.15, and 56.78 ± 0.40%, respectively, at 6h of hydrolysis.
Moving into Nanotechnology Roles to Mimic and Boost Enzyme Activity
Authors: Soriano Maria Laura
Published: April 2018

A new tendency toward the design of artificial enzymes based on nanostructures (nanodots, nanofibers, mesoporous materials) has emerged. On one hand, nanotechnology bestows self-catalytic nanoparticles with a specific activity to achieve efficient reactions with low number of by-products. On other hand, the nanoparticles may behave as nanometric scaffolds for hosting enzymes, promoting their catalytic activity and stability. In this case, enzyme immobilization requires the preservation of the catalytic activity by preventing enzyme unfolding and avoiding its aggregation. These approaches render many other advantages like hosting/storing enzymes in nanotechnological solid, liquid, and gel-like media. This chapter focuses on the most up-to-date approaches to manipulate or mimic enzyme activity based on nanotechnology, and offers examples of their applications in the most promising fields. It also gives new insight into the creation of reusable nanotechnological tools for enzyme storage.
Weaving Innovative Threads Together
Authors: Richardson Judee
Published: April 2018

In the United States, institutions of higher education have been under mounting pressure to improve. In part, this is due to increasingly high-priced academies producing graduates who possess skill levels that are out of sync with employer and societal needs. Added to this is the fact that the United States spends more than other countries to educate its citizens but continues to perform more poorly on comparative measures of literacy, math, reading, and science. To stay globally competitive, changes need to be made. Competency-based education has re-emerged and taken root as one way in which to educate students more effectively. By focusing on demonstrable learning outcomes and discipline-specific performance, competency-based education is changing the fabric of higher education. Based upon experiences garnered from the University of Wisconsin Flexible Option, this chapter presents some of the challenges encountered when developing this type of program within a longstanding traditional educational system.
Competency-Based Learning for Organizational Managers
Authors: Harper Donta S.
Published: April 2018

The chapter focuses on the organizational manager's competency-based learning and the assessment of such learning. Through a broad assessment, the reading provides insights for approaches in learning institutions and corporate environments. Clear linkages are discussed for partnering to meet business needs. Competency-based learning in this chapter is addressed from behavioral perspectives, which are teachable and learnable approaches to develop talent. This assessment identifies problems and provides certain solutions to focus on, and offers key messages throughout the reading. The reader will grasp that competencies are measurable, that they must meet certain business needs, and are developed in partnership work best. Finally, the chapter provides readers with certain insights regarding behavioral competencies' future as a continued tool, and how innovations enhance the appeal of continued utilization and growth of behavioral competencies in businesses and education.
Open Educational Resource
Authors: Stewart Shelley
Published: April 2018

To meet the needs of millennial learners, instructors in higher education must evolve their teaching methodology to include social learning, interaction (learner-instructor, learner-learner, and learner-content) personalization and universal design. In order to innovate current teaching practices, novel methods must be shared, demonstrated, and reflected upon among collaborating educators. One way to transform teaching methodologies to improve outcomes among twenty-first century learners is professional development. The open educational environment is an ideal venue for facilitating this transformation in teaching philosophy and pedagogy. To this end, Teaching Online 101 (TO 101) was developed as an open educational course available to anyone that desires to improve teaching and learning by examining their current practice, familiarizing themselves with learner-centric and interactive strategies and thus adapting their approach to twenty-first century learners in online and hybrid environments.
Social Media and E-Participation Research
Authors: Alcaide-Muñoz Cristina , Alcaide-Muñoz Laura , Alcaraz-Quiles Francisco José
Published: April 2018

Citizens increasingly demand an active role in public affairs and decision-making processes. From a critical standpoint, this chapter consolidates existing knowledge and, in turn, provides a better understanding on how social media tools promote the citizens' engagement and participation. The main aim is to assist researchers in the development of their future analyses, identifying trends of research and the methodology used. In so doing, a systematic literature review has been used to examine social media and e-participation research in journals listed in ISI in the field of public administration and information science and library science during the period 2000-2016. The findings reveal that although research on social media and e-participation has increased in the last year, it remains immature. Therefore, further research is needed in order to understand the true impacts of social media tools and their involvement in e-participation.
Participation With Social Media
Authors: Babaoglu Cenay , Akman Elvettin
Published: April 2018

By improving ICT within the scope of administration, new terms like e-government, m-government, e-governance, e-participation appeared in the field of public administration. The concept of e-government affects municipalities—closest service units to the citizens—and with this effect developed the term e-municipality. Municipalities in Turkey began to use the new technologies for the delivery of services, and terms like e-participation and e-governance are widening rapidly. This chapter investigates whether Facebook pages are an effective tool for local participation. The social media-citizen relationship that is claimed to be more effective, especially at the local level, has been evaluated through the Facebook pages of the municipalities. This chapter focuses on the role of social media in participatory administration.
Networks for Cyberactivism and Their Implications for Policymaking in Brazil
Authors: Soares de Freitas Christiana , Ewerton Isabela Nascimento
Published: April 2018

Networks for cyberactivism have been developed in Brazil since the end of the 20th century. This chapter presents results of a three-year research about networks for digital political participation developed by civil society. The research analyzed 41 networks according to specific analytical categories to deepen the understanding about their potential to foster citizens' engagement in political initiatives and strengthen democracy. Several mechanisms that considerably stimulate a culture of political participation were clearly observed. Possibilities for political acting through those networks tend to narrow the gap between citizens' claims and government actions but that is not always the case. There is a lack of synergy between citizens' demands and strategic planning of public policies and other political outcomes. Some hypotheses are discussed to understand this context and reflect on the trends and challenges to digital democracy in the twenty-first century.
Building Performance Competencies in Open Government
Authors: Ona Sherwin E. , Concepcion Ma. Beth S.
Published: April 2018

Open government initiatives around the world have encouraged governments to be more transparent and accessible while its partners have found new venues to further participate and collaborate. However, realities on the ground have begun to show the complexities of openness, raising questions on how these initiatives could be sustained. In the Philippines, most of the open government-open government data (OG-OGD) programs are considered top-down. This means that almost all of the activities are initiated by the national government and are often funded by multilateral agencies such as the World Bank. However, due to the changes in political priorities, the future of these programs remains uncertain. Current experiences further highlight the importance of institutionalization as one of the ingredients to sustain these initiatives; thus, the authors believe that building capacities play an important part in such an endeavor. As such, this chapter presents an initial set of OG-OGD performance competencies for local government executives and their civil society partners.
Virtual Laboratory Work for Discovering Gas Solubility in Water
Authors: Karlsson Göran
Published: April 2018

Compared to hands-on experiments, virtual laboratory work has the advantage of being both more cost- and time-effective, but also invokes questions about its explorative capacities. The aim of this chapter is to study how students' scientific reasoning was contingent on altered guiding structures within a virtual laboratory experiment. The virtual laboratory was developed through a design experiment involving three successive versions with altered guiding structures. Analysis of 12 dyads' reasoning about gas solubility in water revealed that the problem was not primarily for the students to realize how the volume of gas changed, but rather to understand the concept of solubility of gases. It was also observed how the guiding structures within each version influenced the students' reasoning about the studied phenomenon in certain trajectories.
A Phenomenological Interpretation of Students' Online Technology Experiences With Other Students in Blended Tertiary Environments
Authors: Tuapawa Kimberley
Published: April 2018

This research made a phenomenological interpretation of key stakeholders' educational online technology (EOT) experiences, to establish their current EOT needs and challenges and provide a basis from which to provide effective support. It analysed the experiences of 10 students and 10 teachers from New Zealand and Australia and interpreted their meanings through an abstraction and articulation of local and global themes. It documents the interpretations of students' experiences with other students, in reference to their use of four types of EOTs: online conference tools, learning management systems, online social networks, and online collaboration tools. These interpretations, which include descriptions of stakeholders' EOT challenges, helped to inform a set of recommendations for effective EOT use, to assist TEIs in their efforts to address EOT challenges and meet their stakeholders' needs.
Key Management Protocols for Smart Sensor Networks
Authors: Maleh Yassine , Sahid Abdelkbir , Ezzati Abdellah , Belaissaoui Mustapha
Published: April 2018

To deliver security services (integrity, confidentiality, authentication, availability), it is necessary that the communicating nodes share cryptographic keys for encryption and authentication. However, it is well known that the encryption systems represent the first line of defense against all types of attacks. Furthermore, cryptographic techniques must be designed to detect the execution of the most dangerous attacks. In addition, these techniques must be small to fit the limited resources of the WSN. The aims of this chapter are to discuss the mechanisms used to secure communications; to show their main adaptations required for adoption in smart sensors, which are described in the literature, particularly in terms of key management and distribution; and finally, to detail the different solutions proposed in the literature to secure the communication of smart and constrained sensor networks in the internet of things based on cryptography and intrusion detection systems.
Secure and Energy-Efficient Routing for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Tripathi Meenakshi , Gaur M. S. , Laxmi Vijay , Battula Ramesh
Published: April 2018

Security is a prime concern in the resource constrained wireless sensor networks. Traditional cryptographic mechanisms cannot be used with these networks due to their limited battery. Clustering is one of the popular methods to improve the energy efficiency of WSN. In this chapter, the authors propose a secure routing protocol for cluster-based wireless sensor networks. A hierarchical topology is formed by the base station, which is also responsible for distributing the cryptographic keys among the nodes. Security analysis of the proposed protocol is done against various security attacks. The efficiency of the proposed protocol is explained through mathematical calculations and simulations. The proposed protocol also performs better than other existing secure protocols for cluster-based WSN regarding battery life and security overhead.
A Novel Real-Time Lighting-Invariant Lane Departure Warning System
Authors: Kortli Yassin , Marzougui Mehrez , Atri Mohamed
Published: April 2018

In recent years, in order to minimize traffic accidents, developing driving assistance systems for security has attracted much attention. Lane detection is an essential element of avoiding accidents and enhancing driving security. In this chapter, the authors implement a novel real-time lighting-invariant lane departure warning system. The proposed methodology works well in different lighting conditions, such as in poor conditions. The experimental results and accuracy evaluation indicates the efficiency of the system proposed for lane detection. The correct detection rate averages 97% and exceeds 95.6% in poor conditions. Furthermore, the entire process has only 29 ms per frame.
A State-of-the-Art Assessment of US and EU C-ITS Security Solutions
Authors: Llive Yessenia Berenice , Varga Norbert , Bokor László
Published: April 2018

In the near future with the innovative services and solutions being currently tested and deployed for cars, homes, offices, transport systems, smart cities, etc., the user connectivity will considerably change. It means that smart devices will be connected to the internet and produce a big impact on the internet traffic, increasing the service demand generated by devices and sensors. However most of these devices are vulnerable to attacks. Hence, the security and privacy become a crucial feature to be included in towards its appropriate deployment. Interconnected, cooperative, service-oriented devices and their related hardware/software solutions will contain sensitive data making such systems susceptible to attacks and leakage of information. Therefore, robust secure communication infrastructures must be established to aid suitable deployment. This chapter is a state-of-the-art assessment of US and EU C-ITS security solutions.
An Interdisciplinary Inquiry Into Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kaufman Fern D. , Ülkü M. Ali
Published: April 2018

Research in the last two decades has broadened venues from optimizing operations for a specific organization to critically examining the entire supply chain from the perspective of sustainability. The term sustainability has been used in varying meanings in different disciplines. With this chapter, the authors propose to bring together an interdisciplinary framework for sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). SSCM will be studied through literature surveys on the axes of both natural sciences, and social sciences, with an overarching goal of policy implications. Unlike quantitatively oriented natural sciences, integrating perspectives from the social sciences into a firm's overall sustainability strategy is still seen as a large undertaking by firms and can impede its sustainability. More practical and scholarly research needs to be conducted in this area, especially in terms of assessment and evaluation mechanisms.
Consumer Attitudes Towards Renewable Energy
Authors: Akkucuk Ulas
Published: April 2018

This chapter attempts to study the view of Turkish consumers towards various types of renewable energy production methods and to assess whether consumers will pay premium prices for different types of renewable sources. The chapter makes use of an online survey for data collection. 927 responses were collected in total during 2015. 92% of the respondents state that they believe in global warming. The results indicate that one-fourth of the consumers are not willing to pay anything extra if electricity is obtained from renewable sources. However, almost half thinks that they could pay 5% to 10% more. In terms of the importance placed by the consumers on different means of electricity generation by renewable sources, the highest importance is placed on solar energy, followed by wind, biomass, and hydroelectric. Policy makers in the public and private sectors can consider these results when making changes to the current energy generation and distribution infrastructure.
Development Standards and Stages of Application of ISO 14000 Environmental Management System in Enterprises
Authors: Sayan İlknur
Published: April 2018

The increase in environmental pollution, the decrease in resources, and legal obligations that came with globalization, industrialization, and economic developments increased the responsibilities of individuals, societies, and managers at all levels regarding environmental issues. For the future of societies and the world and to ensure the existence and sustainability of a healthy and safe environment to minimize environmental problems, organizations should take environmentally sensitive approaches. Environmental management systems are useful and important in many ways such as reducing the adverse impacts of the organizations on the environment, creating safe work environments, preventing pollution, lowering costs, reducing risks, improving environmental performance, improving corporate image, improving the success and reputation of organizations. The aim of this chapter is to emphasize the importance of ISO 14000 environmental management system standards in organizations and to evaluate its characteristics, implementation stages, and development.
Interdisciplinary Design Teams Translating Ethnographic Field Data Into Design Models
Authors: Paay Jeni , Sterling Leon , Pedell Sonja , Vetere Frank , Howard Steve
Published: April 2018

Translating ethnographic field data to engineering requirements and design models suitable for implementing socio-technical systems is problematic. Ethnographic field data is often “messy” and unstructured, while requirements models are organized and systematic. Cooperation and communication within an interdisciplinary design team makes the process even more complicated. A shared understanding between ethnographers, interaction designers, and software engineers is vital to ensure that complex and subtle social interactions present in the data are considered in the final system design. One solution for supporting team conversations uses the quality goal construct as a container for complex and ambiguous interaction attributes. Quality goals in system modelling promote shared understandings and collaborative design solutions by retaining a high level of abstraction for as long as possible during the design process. This chapter illustrates the effectiveness of abstract goals for conveying complex and ambiguous information in the design of a socio-technical system supporting social interaction between couples.
Agent-Based Modelling of Emotional Goals in Digital Media Design Projects
Authors: Marshall James
Published: April 2018

The author promotes agent-oriented models to identify, represent, and evaluate high-level abstractions of digital media design projects. The models include emotional goals, in addition to functional goals and quality goals, to describe feelings such as having fun, being engaged, and feeling cared for. To establish emotional goals, digital media design methods and processes were employed including the development of emotional scripts, user profiles, mood boards and followed an iterative creative design process. Using agent-oriented models proved to be highly successful not only to represent emotional goals such as fun, tension, and empathy but also to facilitate the ideation, creation, and progressive evaluation of projects. The design process supported communication between designers, developers, and other stakeholders in large multidisciplinary development teams by providing a shared language and a common artefact. The process is demonstrated by describing the development of Aspergion, a multiplayer online role play game that promotes respect for people with Asperger's Syndrome.
Adding Emotions to Models in a Viewpoint Modelling Framework From Agent-Oriented Software Engineering
Authors: Sterling Leon , Lopez-Lorca Alex , Kissoon-Curumsing Maheswaree
Published: April 2018

In modern software development, considering the viewpoints of stakeholders is an important step in building the right system. Over the past decade, several authors have proposed solutions to capture and model these viewpoints. While these solutions have been successful, emotions of stakeholders have been largely ignored. Considering the emotional needs of stakeholders is important because both the users' perceptions of a product and their use of a product are influenced by emotion as much as cognition. Building on recent work in modelling the emotional goals of stakeholders, the authors extend an existing viewpoint framework to capture emotions, and to use emotions in models from early-phase requirements to detailed software design. They demonstrate the models and framework with a case study of an emergency alarm system for older people, presenting a complete set of models for the case study. The authors introduce recent experience in using emotional models in requirements elicitation within an agile process.
Intertwining E-Learning Technologies and Pedagogies at the System Design Stage
Authors: Weichhart Georg , Stary Chris
Published: April 2018

Although a large number of e-learning systems for individual learning support exist today, many of them still deal with pedagogical issues in an isolated way. In contrast, intertwining interactive system features with educational concepts allows pedagogical designs that may be considered according to their educational rationale. However, pedagogical approaches also do not provide requirements for technologies; they rather consider tools and features as predefined design parameters. Taking an interoperability point of view allows focus on the interaction between the pedagogical and the technological systems. By interpreting technology and didactic approaches as systems and ensuring their interoperability, educators are able to adapt learning experiences and technological features in a way that the overall learning system becomes personalized. A key element of the described work is an architecture that captures the design elements from both progressive education focusing on individual learning support, and the enabling web-based e-learning technologies.
Risks Assessment in Designing Phase: Its Impacts and Issues
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Pal Vipin , Ojha Nitish , Bajaj Rohit
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes how risk analysis is a phenomena or methodology which is considered to be an amalgamation of various contexts to analyze and reach upon a conclusion about the fragility, vulnerability, flaws, defects, possible threats and dangers, which a particular software or system is prone to. It is an organization-level decision support tool which helps in gathering all sorts of data. That data, further, helps in arriving at a conclusion about how fragile or vulnerable a particular system is. Being a risk analyst, possessing deep knowledge, requires that one will analyze all possibilities of any risk, possible in any form, limitations of every risk assessment technique being applied and finally, the practical possibility or possible outcome of a particular risk-calculation strategy applied in a real-time environment.
Estimating Risks Related to Extended Enterprise Systems (EES)
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Kaur Rajinder
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes how risks are inherent in all systems. Risk is the ability of losing or gaining something of value. Values, like social status, financial wealth, or physical health, may be won or lost while taking threat as a result of a given movement. Risks also can be termed as the intentional interaction with ambiguity or uncertainty. Uncertainty is a capability, unpredictable, and uncontrollable final results; risk is an effect of action taken regardless of uncertainty. Extended Enterprise Systems (EESs) are defined as a complex structure of unique but interdependent and distributed organizational systems which are related in an autonomic manner to acquire goals beyond the reaching capacities of each. The purpose of this chapter is to estimate a set of critical risks that come across in proper logistics and the functioning of EESs. Identifying, analyzing and managing the risk in the EESs will result in an increase in the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the system. So, estimating risk could serve as the most important and powerful weapon in the hands of a decision maker of an EES.
Risk Management in Web Development
Authors: Sharma Anu Priya , Sharma Sugandha
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes how risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards has developed various risk management standards. The standards (methods, definitions and goals) are created in the context of project management, security, engineering, industrial processes, financial portfolios, actuarial assessments, or public health and safety.