bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsep Toleransi Mengucapkan Salam Kepada Non Muslim dalam Persepktif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Hamid Noor
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses bagi generasi muda untuk dapat menjalani kehidupannya dan mencapai tujuan hidupnya dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Pendidikan lebih dari sekedar mengajar, karena mengajar hanyalah suatu proses transfer ilmu pengetahuan, sedangkan pendidikan adalah transformasi nilai-nilai dan pembentukan kepribadian dengan segala aspek yang dicakupnya. Perbedaan pendidikan dan pengajaran terletak pada penekanan pendidikan dengan pembentukan kesadaran dan kepribadian peserta didik di samping juga transfer ilmu dan keahlian. Pendidikan merupakan isu yang akan selalu menarik untuk dikaji, selama masih ada kehidupan manusia di bumi ini. Semua bangsa di dunia mempunyai kepentingan terhadap pendidikan, karena dengannya manusia dapat mengembangkan kebudayaannya dan mewariskannya kepada generasi penerusnya, sehingga pendidikan sering disebut sebagai agen penyebar kebudayaan. Karena dengan pendidikan, manusia dapat menentukan sikap dan perilaku serta langkah ke depan yang harus diambil. Perubahan yang dialami melalui proses pendidikan selalu teratur dan terukur, bukan karena emosi dan ketergesaan yang dialami manusia. Islam merupakan ajaran yang andal menunjukkan arti kerukunan dan keharmonisan.
Social Institutions in the Qur'an: Ethics and Culture of Student Association Ali Ash-Shabuni's Perspective in the Book of Rawa'iul Bayan
Authors: Husna Rifqatul , Ghaits Qatrul
Published: January 2024

This research was motivated by the increasing lack of akhlakul karimah in the character of Indonesian Muslims. They commit acts forbidden in Islam, even to the level of adultery. The purpose of the study was to explain how a person should be ethical and get along correctly from the perspective of Ali Ash-Shabuni. The research method in this article uses qualitative research methods with the type of library research and uses the maudhu'i method, namely by collecting several related verses. The analysis used is descriptive-analysis. Data collection techniques are by collecting data and information such as journals, papers, books, news and other reading sources, especially in the book of Rawa'iul Bayan. The result of the study is that the ethics of association of the opposite sex who are not mahram are divided into six, first do not look at those that can cause slander. Second, do not make physical contact. Third, it is not lonely unless the woman is accompanied by a mahram. Fourth, do not speak which can cause slander. Fifth, for women Islam recommends wearing clothing that covers the entire body except the face and palms. Sixth, Islam forbids women to travel for a day and night without a mahram. In addition, there are three times that are highly recommended to ask permission when entering one's house or room, namely at dawn, the time after Dhuhr and after Isya', because at these times a person is vulnerable in a state of opening the aurat, resting, even being naked.
Pemuda dalam Pembangunan Pertanian : A Review
Authors: Puryantoro Puryantoro , Widjayanti Lenny , Rokhani Rokhani
Published: January 2024

Pembangunan pertanian saat ini dihadapkan dengan penuaan petani dan menurunya minat pemuda untuk melakukan usaha tani. Kaum muda memiliki pengaruh penting dalam pembangunan, memberikan kontribusi baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap pertumbuhan sektor pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pemuda dalam melakukan usahatani dan strategi untuk meningkatkan minat petani melakukan usahatani. Metode penelitian dengan teknik literature review terhadap jurnal yang relevan dengan basis data google scholar tahun terbit 2015-2022 diperoleh 28 artikel yang relevan dengan permasalahan penelitian ini. Persepsi pemuda terhadap pertanian masih tidak begitu diminati karena masih adanya pandangan negative pemuda dan orang tua terhadap pendapatan yang nantinya akan mereka terima. Selain itu teknologi juga mempengaruhi minat pemuda untuk terjun ke dunia usahatani. Diperlukan penyuluhan yang intensif kepada pemuda tentang teknologi modern, teknis dan peluang bisnis dalam dunia pertanian.
ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ДОСВІД ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ ВЕЛИКОЇ БРИТАНІЇ У БОРОТЬБІ ІЗ ВНУТРІШНЬОДЕРЖАВНИМ ТЕРОРИЗМОМ
Authors: Мазурін Олексій Володимирович
Published: January 2024

Важливим внутрішньодержавним завданням Збройних сил (далі – ЗС) Великої Британії у боротьбі щодо забезпечення національної безпеки є боротьба із тероризмом усередині країни. Протягом ХХ–ХХІ століть Велика Британія стикалася із різними формами тероризму, включаючи діяльність бойового крила Ірландської республіканської армії (далі – ІРА) та міжнародних екстремістських організацій. Метою роботи є розгляд історичного контексту, стратегій та методів, які використовувалися армією Великої Британії для боротьби з тероризмом у межах її кордонів, а також важливість цього досвіду для сучасного світу та України, де терористичні загрози стають усе більш актуальними. Методи дослідження включають аналіз офіційних урядових документів, звітів, спеціалізованої літератури, правової бази, публікацій масмедіа; історичний аналіз, який дозволяє розглянути трансформацію ролі Збройних сил у запобіганні проявам тероризму. Аналіз літератури демонструє, що тоді як участь ЗС у конфлікті з ІРА та їх залучення до боротьби із тероризмом у складі міжнародних коаліцій за кордоном були предметом багатьох досліджень, внутрішньодержавне застосування армії досліджено фрагментарно. Результати дослідження демонструють, що ЗС Великої Британії розвивали та адаптували свої стратегії для боротьби з тероризмом, використовуючи різні методи, включаючи антитерористичні операції, залучення до охорони громадських місць, розвідку та посилення міжвідомчої координації. Висновки полягають у тому, що досвід застосування армії Сполученого Королівства цінний як модель у протидії конкретним загрозам національній безпеці, які існують у сучасному світі. Йдеться, зокрема, про діяльність російської федерації, яка з 2014 року використовує широкий спектр терористичних методів у ході агресії проти України, підтримує ескалацію насильства з метою дестабілізації регіональної ситуації на Близькому Сході та у Західній Азії, проводить приховане фінансування та постачання ресурсів терористичним групам.
Transition to a «green» economy based on sustainable technological change
Authors: Yukhymenko P. , Batazhok S. , Janovych N.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to reveal the problem of transition to a "green" economy based on sustainable technological changes that are caused by global environmental pollution of the ecosystem, which leads to warming and environmental changes and the lack of natural resource potential to meet the needs of the planet's population, which does not contribute to development. The article uses systemic and evolutionary approaches that assume a hierarchy of essential understanding of the postulates of the "green" economy theory and conduct a study in integrity with the identification of various characteristic features, direct and feedback relationships and dependencies that arise in the process of introducing green innovative technologies into production.

The essence of the study is to determine the impact of the green economy on economic growth and development, in which natural assets continue to provide resources and environmental services. It is shown that the green economy provides a practical and flexible approach to achieving concrete, measurable progress on all economic and environmental principles, while fully considering the social consequences of the greening of economic growth dynamics. Green economy strategies aim to ensure that natural assets can achieve their full economic potential in a sustainable manner. This potential includes the provision of vital life-sustaining services - clean air and water, as well as sustainable biodiversity - necessary to support food production and human health. Natural assets cannot be replaced indefinitely, so green economy policies should take this into account. It is characterized that the green economy provides a practical and flexible approach to achieving concrete, measurable progress on all economic and environmental principles, while fully considering the social consequences of the greening of economic growth dynamics. The practical content is determined by the fact that the theoretical and methodological provisions, conclusions and scientific and practical recommendations form the scientific basis for the development of a new holistic concept for the development of the green economy of Ukraine. Conclusions that it is the "green" economy that can become a source of development for Ukraine, so the prospects for creating a green economy in Ukraine become necessary and quite achievable.

Key words: green economy, circular economy, green technologies, innovation activity, bioeconomy, consumption, biomonitoring, sustainable development.
Global and national aspects of food security in the minds of an unstable economy
Authors: Rosola U. , Rosola A.
Published: January 2024

As a result of Russia's aggression and the cessation of the export of Ukrainian agricultural products by sea, 22 million tons of grain were blocked in Ukrainian ports. This has significantly limited the ability of Ukrainian farmers to sell grain for the 2021 and 2022 harvests, while at the same time increasing the threat of global hunger, since almost half of all supplies under the UN World Food Program come from Ukraine. The subject of the study is ensuring food security in Ukraine and the world as a whole. The purpose of this scientific work is the analysis of modern conditions that affect compliance with food security in the global dimension. The main scientific methods used in writing the article were: analysis, synthesis, systematization, comparison, abstract-logical method. It has been established that the unblocking of Ukrainian ports and the resumption of grain and oilseed exports is of crucial importance both for the economy of Ukraine and for global food security. The results of the study indicate that Ukraine currently has three export routes - ports on the Danube, railways and highways. However, each of them has its own shortcomings.

For example, the Danube ports have limited capacity due to the lack of barges, berths and terminals. Previously, Ukraine almost did not use this export route and therefore did not invest in it. In turn, railway and road logistics are hampered by heavy traffic jams at the borders, lack of wagons and fuel, phytosanitary procedures, as well as the difference between the European and Ukrainian (wider by 9 cm) tracks. Another significant problem is the lack of storage capacity in European ports, which are not adapted to such volumes of grain transshipment. It has been studied that almost a third of agricultural land is unsuitable for planting because it is mined. It was considered that even if the Ukrainian government manages to organize new ways of exporting food from the country, the export of the 2021/2022 marketing year was significantly smaller than last year. In 2023, due to the significant reduction in cultivated areas caused by the war, it is likely that it will not be possible to collect too large crops, and therefore, the share of Ukrainian products in the world food market will significantly decrease. Ukraine's place can be taken by other producers, in particular Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada and the USA. A significant reduction in Ukraine's exports has been established.

The food security system is presented, which includes the conditions for ensuring food security and dimensions of food security. Russian aggression against Ukraine has been proven to be another economic challenge for developing countries in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which threatens their food security. A decrease in the production and export of grain from Ukraine and Russia, as well as an increase in the price of energy raw materials and fertilizers will lead to an increase in food prices in the world.

Key words: food security, war in Ukraine, export, food security system.
Public-private partnership in the
agrarian sector: conceptual framework for
development
Authors: Usata N.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the conceptual framework for the development of public-private partnership (PPP) in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The author substantiates the need to reorient the model of agricultural development to the principles of deeper interaction between the State and business, one of the key mechanisms for ensuring which is PPP, which is carried out on a contractual basis to achieve a common goal by combining resources to obtain certain benefits for each participant.

The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for the development of PPPs in the agricultural sector of Ukraine.

The study shows a low level of implementation of PPP projects (18 projects out of 193, or 9,3 %) and its rather slow development in our country's economy, mainly due to legislative obstacles.

It is substantiated that in the current conditions the issue of partnership development is extremely relevant, since budgetary funds are not enough to implement large-scale projects in wartime. Therefore, involvement of private partners and the use of mechanisms for building long-term relationships with them is essential.

The author emphasizes the need for real changes in the implementation of PPP investment projects in agriculture, clarification of the tools for ensuring its development and their adaptation to sectoral issues, which requires the development of a Concept for the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine.

The study argues that it is necessary to develop a unified approach to the development of PPPs, to determine the priority areas of application of such partnerships and the specifics of its use in solving the problems of agricultural development. The main factors hindering the development of such cooperation are identified and the main objectives of the Concept for the Development of Public-Private Partnership in the Agricultural Sector of Ukraine are substantiated.

It is proved that improvement of PPP procedures will help to expand the scope of its application, accessibility, speed and scale of projects, as well as adaptation of such an investment support mechanism to the conditions of wartime/peace time.

The article summarizes the main ways of activating PPPs as a mechanism for attracting investment in the reconstruction and development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy. The fulfillment of these tasks will contribute to the revitalization of the use of PPPs in solving the problems of agricultural production development, development of the institutional framework for its implementation in Ukraine, in particular, the adoption of strategic directions for this development in the short and long term.

Key words: state, concept, private partner, public-private partnership, agricultural sector, PPP projects, investment resources, development.
E-cycling to work
Authors:   , de Kruijf Willem Johan
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on the effects of an e-cycling incentive program on short- and longer-term behavioral changes, and how these outcomes be understood from underlying behavioral processes and external factors. The investigation also looked into the change in behavior and how this resulted in changes in travel satisfaction. By applying a longitudinal approach, a group of participants in an e-bike incentive program was followed, using a series of online questionnaires and GPS-data.
In total, two-thirds of the original commuting trips were replaced by e-bike trips. The research reveals two substitution effects. For distances up to 10 kilometers, conventional bicycle trips are substituted by the use of the e-bike and for distances above 10 kilometers, e-bikes replace car trips.
This research also shows that two-thirds of all participants are consistent when comparing their behavioral intention and actual behavior. During the program, the other participants adjust their behavior, with this group making more use of the e-bike. The research results also show that the likelihood of e-bike use is influenced by air temperature, wind speed and precipitation. Despite the technical advantages of the electric bicycle, which reduces the required physical effort which leads to an increase in the use of e-bikes, the adverse weather conditions seem to make the choice to permanently abandon the car too difficult.
This research shows that there is a positive relationship between the increase in physical health and travel satisfaction, which increases the attractiveness of e-bike use and positively influences behavioral change. This study contributes to both scientific knowledge in the field of longitudinal behavior change as well as practical implications when it comes to developing behavioral change incentive programs.
Romanesque Architecture and Urbanism of Banská Štiavnica – Research Results
Authors:   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Terao Vošková Katarína
Published: January 2024

The architectural appearance of Banská Štiavnica in the Romanesque period, especially its older developmental stages, is still not clear to us from an architectural or urban planning point of view. Since the declaration of the city as a Preserved Area (since 1950), much architectural-historical research has been carried out, which enables the summarization of new knowledge in the context of urban development. The current identifi cation and documentation of the oldest houses of burghers and miners followed up on previous research carried out in the 1980s and 1990s, which, however, lacked consistent documentation and interpretation. Although the results of our research still do not allow a complete identifi cation of the oldest buildings in the entire assumed urban area, this study presents the results of research into the architectural- and urban-historical development of the prosperous mining town of Banská Štiavnica during the Middle Ages. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/filozoficka-fakulta/katedra-historie/10984/
DORAK KRALİYET HAZİNESİ’NİN GERÇEKLİĞİ KONUSUNDAKİ TARTIŞMALAR VE BULUNTULARIN ANADOLU TARİHİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ
Authors: DOĞANCI Kamil
Published: January 2024

Erken Tunç Çağı Anadolu tarihinde aydınlatılması gereken birçok karanlık nokta
bulunmaktadır. Makalemizin konusu olan Dorak Kraliyet Hazinesi meselesi de aydınlığa
kavuşturulması gereken bu karanlık noktalardan biridir. Ünlü İngiliz arkeolog James Mellaart
1959 yılında Ilustrated London News adlı dergide yayınladığı makale ve çizimlerle Dorak
Hazinesi’ni bilim dünyasına tanıtmıştır. Hazine hakkındaki yegâne görsel malzeme Mellaart’ın
bu çizimleridir. Buluntular, yayınlandığı dönemde arkeoloji dünyasında büyük yankı
uyandırmıştır. Başlangıçta dönemin bilim insanları tarafından gerçekliğinden şüphe duyulmayan
ve prestijli akademik yayınlarda atıf yapılan buluntulara ilişkin somut verilerin bir türlü ortaya
çıkmaması üzerine hazinenin varlığı konusundaki şüpheler artmıştır. Meselenin Türk
kamuoyuna yansıması ve hazinenin ortaya çıkış süreci hakkında J. Mellaart’ın anlattığı
hikâyenin gerçek olmadığının anlaşılmasıyla ünlü arkeolog hakkında tarihi eser kaçakçılığına
kadar varan suçlamalar yapılmıştır. Hatta onun erken dönem uzak mesafe Tunç Çağı ticaretinin
varlığı konusundaki teorisini ispatlamak için sahte kanıtlar uydurduğu ileri sürülmüştür. J.
Mellaart, bu olaydan sonra Türkiye’deki kazıları elinden alınmasına ve ülkeye girişi
yasaklanmasına rağmen hazinenin gerçekliği noktasında hiçbir zaman geri adım atmamıştır.
Günümüzde bazı bilim insanları buluntuların sahte olduğuna inanırken, bazı bilim insanları ise
buluntuların Anadolu Tunç Çağı için gerçek bir hazine olduğunu kabul etmektedir. Makalemizde
J. Mellaart’ın Türkiye’deki tüm ayrıcalıkları kaybetme riskine rağmen böyle bir yola başvurma
nedenleri araştırılmış ve dönemin tanıklarının ifadeleri doğrultusunda süreç bilimsel bir metotla
değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca buluntuların yayınlanmasından sonraki süreçte ortaya çıkan yeni
kanıtlar ve günümüz bilim insanlarının görüşleri eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla yeniden
değerlendirilmiş ve Dorak Hazinesi’nin gerçekliği konusunda önemli tespitler yapılmıştır.
Стратегії виживання євреїв у прибалтійських гетто: соціально-економічний фактор (1941-1944)
Authors: Mykhailiuk Maryna
Published: January 2024

Мета статті – висвітлення та аналіз его-документів латвійських і литовських євреїв про своє перебування у прибалтійських міських гетто. Стаття не охоплює питання виживання депортованих євреїв з Рейху, організацію руху Опору (як один з методів виживання), допомогу неєврейського населення, оскільки вони є окремими темами дослідження.

Наукова новизна полягає у можливості показати побутові умови виживання євреїв у міських гетто Риги, Даугавпілса, Вільнюса, Каунаса з широким залученням джерельної бази (щоденникових записів, спогадів).

Висновки. Аналізуючи життя литовських і латиських євреїв у великих міських гетто можна дійти наступних висновків: виживання євреїв напряму залежало від посади, фахової спеціалізації, матеріального становища, побутових умов, наявності роботи, здоров’я, потрібних зв’язків. Для переважної більшості євреїв життя в гетто не було усіяно яскравими барвами, а мало сірий, буденний вигляд. Лише заможні євреї, які мали певні заощадження, порівняно з іншими почувалися більш-менш впевнено. Більшість євреїв голодували та просили милостиню, переважно малолітні діти. Найбільш складна ситуація спостерігалася у тих родинах, які не мали працездатних рідних і ледве виживали за рахунок власного господарства чи обмінної торгівлі. Значно гірше почували себе ті, хто мусив місяцями переховуватися у сховищах гетто.

Побутові умови в міських гетто не можна назвати розкішними, оскільки люди протягом окупації жили в тісноті, але за наявності благ цивілізації. Опалення залежало від стану будинку, але переважно мало пічний характер. Однією з умов виживання в гетто стала наявність медичного обслуговування та можливість придбати ліки, а також непорушення встановлених правил. Найменший шанс вижити в гетто мали старі, немічні, хворі, інваліди, матері з малими дітьми, оскільки були визнані непрацездатними та першими потрапляли у «розстрільні» списки. А також родини втікачів, які теж були приречені на винищення.
Трансформація методологічних підходів до вивчення аграрної історії в Україні: основні тенденції (1990-ті – 2020-ті рр.)
Authors: Kornovenko Serhii
Published: January 2024

Мета статті – розкрити основні тенденції трансформацій методологічних підходів у вивченні аграрної історії України впродовж 1990-х – 2020-х рр. та з’ясувати їхній зміст.

Наукова новизна полягає в отриманні нових знань щодо сутності основних тенденцій методологічних трансформацій і таких сучасних методологічних парадигм, якими послуговуються історики-аграрники: селянство «як природне явище», селянство як «уявна спільнота», реверсно-компенсаторна теорія, руралістика, аграризм.

Висновки. Впродовж 1990-х – 2020-х рр. у методології вивчення аграрної історії України відбулися докорінні методологічні трансформації. Вони були зумовлені якісними суспільно-політичними та соціально-економічними змінами кінця 1980-х – початку 1990-х рр. Відбувся відхід вітчизняних істориків від методологічного монізму марксистсько-ленінської ідеології, вільним став доступ до раніше заборонених історичних джерел, що зберігалися в архівних фондах, можливим став діалог істориків, що представляли різні напрями і течії.

Методологічні трансформації не були лінійними. Умовно нами виокремлено два етапи. Перший – кінець 1980-х – 1990-ті рр. – «методологічний шок» і «методологічна невизначеність». Другий – 2020-ті рр. – «методологічний ренесанс».

Методологічні трансформації 1990-х – 2020-х рр. демонструють, що у новітній українській науково-історичній, методологічній думці представлено різні підходи до розуміння селянства, селянської культури / селянської цивілізації, селянського світу. Зокрема, його осмислюють як «природне явище», як «уявну спільноту», як природну форму цивілізації, з позицій руралістики та аграризму тощо. Відповідно у визначенні головного суб’єкта аграрної історії України констатуємо плюралізм методологічних підходів. Це засвідчує вихід українських істориків-аграрників із методологічної ізоляції, їхню інтеграцію до європейського та світового історико-аграрного наукового дискурсу.

Фінансування. Стаття підготовлена за результатами фундаментального дослідження «Соціокультурний простір України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: селянський світ» (номер державної реєстрації: 0123U101600) за підтримки Міністерства освіти і науки України.
Проєкт Південно-Східної Анатолії (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi) у політиці сучасної Туреччини
Authors: Morozov Anatolii , Memish Oksana
Published: January 2024

Мета дослідження полягає у з’ясуванні цілей і значення Проєкту Південно-Східної Анатолії (турецька абревіатура – Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, далі – GAP), який є багатогалузевим інтегрованим регіональний проєктом розвитку на основі концепції сталого розвитку південно-східного регіону Туреччини.

Важливою складовою GAP було те, що у ньому, поряд із розв’язанням питань суто економічного характеру, завжди малося на меті поліпшення соціального становища населення традиційно відсталих південно-східних регіонів.

Наукова новизна визначається відсутністю спеціального комплексного дослідження, яке б торкалося витоків, територіальних обсягів і природних особливостей GAP. Не менше значення має те, що в силу прагнення Туреччини до вступу в Європейський Союз, відповідними інституціями Євроспільноти перед нею було поставлене пряме та конкретне завдання, яке передбачало вирішення цілого комплексу суспільно-політичних і соціально-економічних проблем, які торкалися умов життя найбільшої, на сьогодні, сталої етнічної спільноти, яка все ще не має власної державності – курдів.

Висновки. Соціально-економічне та політичне значення GAP полягає у тому, що його реалізація дозволяє збалансувати розвиток східних і південно-східних регіонів Туреччини та привести рівень життя їх людності у відповідність до тих стандартів, які були притаманні населенню західних і північно-західних регіонів країни. Одним із найважливіших досягнень GAP є те, що його реалізація дозволить забезпечити виробництво гідроелектроенергії за рахунок використання водних ресурсів рік Тигра та Євфрату. Слід зазначити, що GAP дозволила створити достатню кількість робочих місць і тим самим ліквідувати хронічне безробіття місцевого населення, а отже значно зменшити соціально-економічну та суспільно-політичну напругу, яка ще донедавна мала місце на цих територіях.

Значення GAP полягає також у тому, що його реалізація дозволить Туреччині відігравати роль регіонального лідера на Близькому та Середньому Сході, а також претендувати на місце «житниці Близького Сходу», особливо в арабському світі.
Producción de materia verde de maíz hibrido INIAP H-551 en dos edades de cosecha
Authors:   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Espinoza Zambrano Dayana Aracely , Jácome López Germán Alexander ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Espinoza Guerra Ítalo Fernando ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Torres Navarrete Emma Danielly ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo
Published: January 2024

Satisfacer las demandas alimenticias de especies animales, tanto menores como mayores, se convierte en un desafío durante periodos de escasez, dada la limitación de espacio disponible para la siembra y los recursos a disposición de los productores. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la producción de biomasa forrajera en el maíz híbrido INIAP H-551 durante la temporada seca. Se examinó el maíz híbrido INIAP H-551, utilizando diferentes cantidades de semillas por metro cuadrado (300 g, 400 g y 500 g), con cosechas a los 15 y 21 días. Se implementó un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con arreglo factorial; el estudio comprendió dos fases, la primera llevada a cabo en la Finca Machete y Garabato, y la segunda en el laboratorio de bromatología y rumiología de la UTEQ. La mayor altura, alcanzada con 300 g/m2 * 15 días, fue de 68,05 cm. Aunque la producción de biomasa en materia verde no mostró diferencias estadísticas, la cosecha con 500 g/m2 * 15 días registró 43,470.00 kg/ha. En cuanto a la producción de biomasa seca, la máxima eficiencia se logró con 300 g/m2 * 21 días, obteniendo un rendimiento de 4,358.13 kg/ha. A los 21 días, se observaron el menor porcentaje de humedad (88.72%) y materia inorgánica (18.88%). Por otro lado, los mayores porcentajes de materia seca y materia orgánica fueron del 11.28% y 81.12%, respectivamente, a los 21 días. La mayor concentración de proteína bruta, con un 16.93%, se obtuvo a los 15 días. La fibra bruta y la energía bruta no presentaron diferencias estadísticas en ninguna de las condiciones evaluadas
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-13 signaling crosstalk in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Proper Steven P. , Dwyer Alexander T. , Appiagyei Andrews , Felton Jennifer M. , Ben-Baruch Morgenstern Netali , Marlman Justin M. , Kotliar Michael , Barski Artem , Troutman Ty D. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Azouz Nurit P.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease mediated by skin barrier impairment and IL-13-driven immune response. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has shown promise in early clinical trials for AD; however, the mechanism by which AHR partially ameliorates AD is not well known.

Methods

Gene expression data from human biopsies were analyzed, and compared to gene expression from RNA-sequencing in our in-vitro HaCaT cell model system. Western blot, ELISA qRT-PCR were used to further explore the relationship between AHR and IL-13 signaling in HaCaT cells.

Results

The AHR target gene CYP1A1 was decreased in lesional skin compared with healthy control skin (p = 4.30 × 10−9). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) demonstrated increased AHR expression (p < 1.0 × 10−4) and decreased CYP1A1 expression in lesional AD keratinocytes compared with healthy control keratinocytes (p < 0.001). Activation of AHR by AHR agonists in HaCaT cells reversed IL-13-dependent gene expression of several key genes in AD pathogenesis, most notably the eosinophil chemoattractant CCL26 (eotaxin-3). Differentially expressed genes in keratinocytes of patients with AD substantially overlapped with genes regulated by AHR agonists from HaCaT cells by RNAseq, but in reverse direction. Mechanistically, there was evidence for direct transcriptional effects of AHR; AHR binding motifs were identified in the differentially expressed genes from lesional AD keratinocytes compared to control keratinocytes, and AHR activation did not modify IL-13-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) translocation to the nucleus.

Discussion

Together, these data suggest that the AHR pathway is dysregulated in AD and that AHR modulates IL-13 downstream signaling in keratinocytes through genome-wide, transcriptional regulatory effects.
Development and validation of a French speech-in-noise self-test using synthetic voice in an adult population
Authors: Génin Arnaud , Courtial Jérôme , Balcon Maxime , Puel Jean-Luc , Venail Frédéric , Ceccato Jean-Charles
Published: January 2024

Background

Speech-in-noise (SIN) audiometry is a valuable part of audiological diagnostics and clinical measurements, providing information on an individual's ability to understand in noise. To date, such tests have been developed with natural voice presented monaurally or binaurally (via diotic and dichotic presentation). The time required to develop such tests is often long. The use of synthetic voice would simplify the test creation process and self-testing would improve accessibility.

Design

Measurements were performed using an Android tablet (Samsung Galaxy Tab A7) and calibrated Bluetooth headphones (Tilde Pro C, Orosound). Normative values were first defined using natural or synthetic voice on 69 normal-hearing participants. A total of 463 participants then undertook the SIN test comprising synthetic voice and dichotic antiphasic presentation. Of these, 399 also performed the SIN test with diotic presentation.

Results

No significant differences in the speech reception threshold (SRT) were found between natural and synthetic voices for diotic presentations (p = 0.824, paired Student t-test) with normative values of −10.7 dB SNR (SD = 1.5 dB) and −10.4 dB SNR (SD = 1.4 dB), respectively. For the SoNoise test with synthetic voice and dichotic antiphasic presentation, the results showed a normative value of −17.5 dB SNR (SD = 1.5 dB), and a strong correlation (r = 0.797, p < 0.001) with the four-frequency pure-tone average (4f-PTA). Receiver operating curves (ROC) were then calculated: for a 4f-PTA of 20 dB hearing level (HL), the SRT was −14.5 dB SNR with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 89%. For a 4f-PTA of 30 dB HL, the SRT was −13.7 dB SNR with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 91%. For a 4f-PTA of 35 dB HL, the SRT was −13.0 dB SNR with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 93%. The normative binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD) value was 8.6 dB (SD = 2.0 dB) with normal-hearing participants. The learning effect due to the task and interface was 1.7 dB (1st to 7th test) and test duration was 3 min.

Conclusion

The SoNoise test in its synthetic dichotic antiphasic presentation is a fast and reliable tool to diagnose hearing impairment at 20, 30, and 35 dB HL cut-offs.
Dbx1 is a dorsal midbrain-specific determinant of GABAergic neuron fate and regulates differentiation of the dorsal midbrain into the inferior and superior colliculi
Authors: Tran Hong-Nhung , Nguyen Quy-Hoai , Jeong Yongsu
Published: January 2024

The mechanism underlying the differentiation of the dorsal midbrain into two morphologically and functionally distinct compartments, the inferior colliculus (IC) and superior colliculus (SC), which process auditory and visual information, respectively, remains largely unexplored. By using null and conditional alleles, we uncover the roles of a homeodomain transcription factor Dbx1 in the regulation of IC and SC differentiation. We show that Dbx1 regulates GABAergic neuron development in the dorsal midbrain. In the absence of Dbx1 function, the dorsal-most m1-m2 progenitor domains in the midbrain fail to activate GABAergic neuron-specific gene expression and instead switch to a glutamatergic phenotype. These results identify Dbx1 as a dorsal midbrain-specific GABAergic determinant that regulates the selector genes, Helt, Gata2, and Tal2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that maturation of the dorsal midbrain into the IC and SC is dependent on Dbx1. Null mutation of Dbx1 impairs the identity and fate of IC and SC neurons. Surprisingly, Dbx1 is required for preventing IC into SC fate switch and thus Dbx1-deficient IC neurons undergo acquisition of SC identity. Conditional inactivation of Dbx1 at late developmental phase leads to alteration in the identity and fate of the IC, but not the SC. These results suggest that SC differentiation is dependent on the early function of Dbx1, and that the IC requires the prolonged action for its normal formation. Furthermore, we uncover that Tcf7l2 acts downstream of Dbx1 selectively to promote IC differentiation. Altogether, our study identifies a molecular mechanism underlying spatial and temporal control of dorsal midbrain development.
The role of stress echocardiography in identifying cardiotoxicity: an in-depth exploration
Authors: Wang Sijia , Wang Yi , Wang Shuang
Published: January 2024

Cancer treatment might cause heart failure and deteriorate the patients’ quality of life. Despite the wide use of conventional echocardiography, it often fails to detect cardiotoxicity until advanced cardiac dysfunction at potentially irreversible stages. Advanced techniques, such as three-dimensional imaging and strain analysis in stress echocardiography, have shown promise in identifying cardiotoxicity at subclinical stages, even when traditional measures remain within normal ranges. These novel techniques have been shown to identify cardiac impairment in 30%–50% of the patients undergoing potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy, which allows for early intervention and enhanced patient management. Although professional societies are advocating for the inclusion of these techniques into routine monitoring protocols, more research is needed to optimize and standardize their use across various centers and chemotherapeutic agents. This review explores the role of stress echocardiography in the early detection and monitoring of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. It delves into current knowledge and emerging research, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and to highlight areas worthy of further investigation.
A study of the promotion mechanism of digital inclusive finance for the common prosperity of Chinese rural households
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhu Tianyu , Huo Zenghui , Wan Peng
Published: January 2024

Common prosperity is a social policy goal pursued by the Chinese government and an ideal social status for humanity. On the basis of three theoretical hypotheses, this study involved the analysis of county-level digital inclusive finance data and rural survey data. The Hierarchical Linear Model was employed to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on the common prosperity of rural households. The results indicate that the county-level digital inclusive finance index, as well as its depth and coverage, can significantly and directly promote common prosperity. Furthermore, it was found that household livelihood strategies are one of the regulatory mechanisms, and digital inclusive finance significantly promotes common prosperity through factors such as opportunities for migrant work, property income, business livelihood models, and agricultural livelihood models. In addition, financing methods are also important adjustment mechanisms, and digital inclusive finance significantly promotes the common prosperity through digital tools and loan availability variables. Our research provides favorable evidence for the cross-level interaction effect of county-level digital inclusive finance on the common prosperity of rural households.
Using lesson study to help mathematics teachers enhance students’ problem-solving skills with teaching through problem solving
Authors: Roorda Gerrit , de Vries Siebrich , Smale-Jacobse Annemieke E.
Published: January 2024

As a central objective, problem-solving skills are important in the mathematics curricula of many countries. However, such skills tend to receive limited and rarely systematic attention in mathematics lessons, including in the Netherlands. To address this gap, the authors adopt a specific approach that defines problem solving as integral to mathematics: Teaching mathematics Through Problem solving (TTP). In Japan, teachers often learn about TTP by performing Lesson Study (LS), an approach in which teachers work in teams to design and conduct a research lesson that allows them to learn collectively about students’ learning processes. TTP offers a promising, structured, didactical approach to introducing problem solving in mathematics lessons, and LS appears to represent an effective means for teachers to learn about TTP. To test this proposition, the current study entails a TTP- and LS-based intervention implemented in two secondary schools in the Netherlands, with an explicit focus on problem-solving skills. The central research objective for this study is to determine whether this TTP-LS-intervention helps mathematics teachers incorporate problem-solving skills into their lessons and how design characteristics and mechanisms of the intervention affect the outcomes. Interviews with teachers provide insights into which characteristics of the TTP-LS intervention fostered the implementation of problem solving in their teaching practice, as well as which did not. The collected data show that the teachers regard TTP as a valuable pedagogy to teaching mathematical problem solving. They report that the joint development, implementation, and evaluation of TTP lessons in the LS cycles, and especially observations of students, has given them more tools for applying TTP pedagogy and that they use these tools to promote problem-solving skills. Elements of the TTP lessons that the teachers perceived as difficult were the lesson phases that featured discussions on solution strategies rather than finding the “right” answers. Teachers regarded LS as a suitable approach for learning about TTP. Some points for improvement also emerged from the data. For example, more support should be given to TTP-LS-teams to explain the problem-solving skills they want to target in their lessons, and to practice especially the classroom discussion and summary phase.
Gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mittal Rahul , Camick Nathanael , Lemos Joana R. N. , Hirani Khemraj
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex metabolic autoimmune disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and often leads to significant comorbidities. However, the precise trigger of autoimmunity and disease onset remain incompletely elucidated. This integrative perspective article synthesizes the cumulative role of gene-environment interaction in the pathophysiology of T1D. Genetics plays a significant role in T1D susceptibility, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and cathepsin H (CTSH) locus. In addition to genetics, environmental factors such as viral infections, pesticide exposure, and changes in the gut microbiome have been associated with the development of T1D. Alterations in the gut microbiome impact mucosal integrity and immune tolerance, increasing gut permeability through molecular mimicry and modulation of the gut immune system, thereby increasing the risk of T1D potentially through the induction of autoimmunity. HLA class II haplotypes with known effects on T1D incidence may directly correlate to changes in the gut microbiome, but precisely how the genes influence changes in the gut microbiome, and how these changes provoke T1D, requires further investigations. These gene-environment interactions are hypothesized to increase susceptibility to T1D through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which in turn modify gene expression. There is a need to determine the efficacy of new interventions that target these epigenetic modifications such as “epidrugs”, which will provide novel avenues for the effective management of T1D leading to improved quality of life of affected individuals and their families/caregivers.
A modification of explicit time integrator scheme for unsteady power-law nanofluid flow over the moving sheets
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Abodayeh Kamaleldin , Soori Atif Hassan , Javed Umer
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces an exponential time integrator scheme for solving partial differential equations in time, specifically addressing the scalar time-dependent convection-diffusion equation. The proposed second-order accurate scheme is demonstrated to be stable. It is applied to analyze the heat and mass transfer mixed convective flow of power-law nanofluid over flat and oscillatory sheets. The governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless set of partial differential equations, with the continuity equation discretized using a first-order scheme. The proposed time integrator scheme is employed in the time direction, complemented by second-order central discretization in the space direction for the momentum, energy, and nanoparticle volume fraction equations. Quantitative results indicate intriguing trends, indicating that an increase in the Prandtl number and thermophoresis parameter leads to a decrease in the local Nusselt number. This modified time integrator is a valuable tool for exploring the dynamics of unsteady power-law nanofluid flow over moving sheets across various scenarios. Its versatility extends to the examination of unstable fluid flows. This work improves engineering and technological design and operation in nanofluid dynamics. Improving numerical simulations’ precision and computational efficiency deepens our comprehension of fundamental physics, yielding helpful information for enhancing systems that rely on nanofluids.
Aggregated demand-side response in residential distribution areas based on tiered incentive prices
Authors: Tang Donglai , Zhang Qiang , Ma Tiefeng , Ou Yuan , Wu Lei , Tang Jizhong
Published: January 2024

The residential area refers to the power supply area from distribution transformers to the end users that contains multiple types of flexible resources, such as photovoltaics, energy storage, and power users. Focusing on the challenge of insufficient demand response incentives to multiple types of users in residential distribution areas, a tiered incentive price-based demand-side aggregated response method is proposed in this paper. Users in residential distribution areas are classified with an improved k-means clustering method for obtaining typical types of users. Thereafter, initial scores of users are calculated, and their grades are assigned based on their scores. Corresponding tiered incentive prices are designed for different grades. On this basis, a leader–follower game is proposed to obtain the demand response base price, and tiered incentives are provided to users of different grades to increase their enthusiasm for participating in demand response. In the case study, an actual urban residential distribution area is studied. The results show that the proposed user clustering method has an accuracy of 99.8% in classifying users in a residential distribution area. In addition, the proposed method has better performance in terms of improving the benefit of the load aggregator and users in the residential distribution area compared with methods such as potential game, hidden Markov, and Monte Carlo. Specifically, from the results, the benefit of load aggregators is increased by 101.96%, 76.07%, and 112.37%, and the income of the users is increased by 54.51%, 36.94%, and 64.91%.
Different wildfire types promoted two-step terrestrial plant community change across the Triassic-Jurassic transition
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Yang Minfang , Lu Jing , Jiang Zhongfeng , Zhou Kai , Xu Xiaotao , Wang Lei , Wu Li , Zhang Yuchan , Chen Huijuan , Zhu Xuran , Guo Yanghang , Ye Huajun , Shao Longyi , Hilton Jason
Published: January 2024

Frequent wildfires associated with emplacement of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) are thought to have been important drivers of two significant changes in terrestrial plant communities and diversity during the Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction (TJME, ca. 201.51 Ma). ​However, it remains to be investigated whether these two changes are potentially related to different wildfire types. To better understand this relationship, we used a new method to reanalyze fossil pollen and spores across the Triassic-Jurassic transition in the Jiyuan Basin from the North China Plate. Results show that two peaks in wildfire frequency experienced different types of wildfires, with each linked to significant changes in plant communities and diversity losses. In the first wildfire peak, canopy fires dominated and are accompanied by significant losses of canopy forming plants, while in the second wildfire peak, ground cover fires dominated accompanied by significant losses of ground cover plants. ​Changes in atmospheric humidity conditions were an important control on the two different wildfire peaks. Relatively humid climatic conditions corresponded to the prevalence of canopy fires and hindered the spread and development of ground cover fires in wet surface conditions. Conversely, relatively arid climatic conditions corresponded with the prevalence of ground cover fires in dry surface environments. Our results provide a potential relationship between terrestrial plant communities and wildfire types, which is important to further understanding of terrestrial environmental and floral changes driven by Large Igneous Provinces.