bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BILANGAN RAINBOW CONNECTION DAN STRONG RAINBOW CONNECTION PADA GRAF JAHANGIR J 2;m
Authors: Asmara Dwi Novri , . Syafrizal Sy. , . Effendi
Published: July 2020

untuk n 2, m 2 adalah suatu graf dengan(nm + 1) titik yaitu graf yang terdiri dari satu Cycle (CAbstrak. Suatu Graf Jahangir J(n;m)) dengan menambahkan satutitik yang bertetangga ke m titik dari Cnmnmyang berjarak n satu sama lain di C. Suatugraf dikatakan rainbow connected, jika setiap lintasan yang menghubungkan dua titik u; vdi G memuat rainbow u-v path dan suatu graf dikatakan strong rainbow connected, yangjika terdapat suatu lintasan dengan panjang d(u; v) yang menghubungkan dua titik u; vmemuat rainbow u-v geodesic. Pada makalah ini diperoleh rc(J2;m) dan src(J) untuk2 m 8.Kata Kunci: Graf Jahangir, rainbow connection number, strong rainbow connection numbernm2;m
OPERATOR VEC DAN VECH PADA MATRIKS
Authors: Afni Inda Silvia , . Yanita , Bakar Nova Noliza
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Tulisan ini membahas tentang sifat-sifat operator vec dan operator vech sertahubungan operator vec dengan hasilkali Kronecker dan matriks vec-permutasi. Teoriyang diterapkan yaitu hubungan operator vec dan operator vech, hasilkali Kroneckerdan matriks vec-permutasi.Kata Kunci: Operator vec, operator vech, hasilkali Kronecker, matriks vec-permutasi
PENERAPAN REGRESI POISSON GENERALIZED POISSON REGRESSION DALAM MEMODELKAN KASUS ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU DI SUMATERA BARAT TAHUN 2015
Authors: Ramadhani Nadiah , Yanuar Ferra , Yozza Hazmira
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Dalam analisis regresi Poisson, variabel respon harus memnuhi asumsi yaituragam sama dengan rata-rata. Namun, dalam analisisnya hal yang kadang terjadi adalahragam dari variabel respon lebih besar dari nilai rata-rata yang disebut terjadinya ka-sus overdispersi. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang penanganan untuk model regresiPoisson yang mengalami kasus overdispersi. Model yang digunakan adalah GeneralizedPoisson Regression. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memilih model terbaik yangdigunakan untuk memodelkan kasus angka kematian ibu di Sumatera Barat Tahun 2015.Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Su-matera Barat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model Generalized Poisson Regressionyang terbaik digunakan untuk mengatasi kasus overdispersi pada model regresi Poisson.Kata Kunci: Overdispersi, Generalized Poisson Regression, regresi Poisson
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STATUS GIZI ANAK UMUR 2 SAMPAI 5 TAHUN BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR TINGGI BADAN MENURUT UMUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CART
Authors: Fauzana Nur , HG Izzati Rahmi , Yozza Hazmira
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Berdasarkan pemantauan status gizi pada tahun 2016 yang dilakukan oleh Ke-menterian Kesehatan RI, kejadian stunting masih menjadi masalah gizi buruk di KotaPadang. Oleh karena itu, perlu dipelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status giziagar dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Salah satu metode yang da-pat digunakan untuk menggolongkan status gizi berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhiadalah Metode CART (Classication and Regression Trees). Objek pada penelitian iniadalah anak umur 2 sampai 5 tahun pada empat kecamatan di Kota Padang. Berdasarkananalisis data dengan menggunakan metode CART menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktoryang mempengaruhi status gizi adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu, pendidikan terakhiribu, Perilaku ibu, jenis kelamin dan umur anak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa stun-ting cenderung terdapat pada anak dengan pendidikan terakhir ibu yang rendah, penge-tahuan ibu yang juga rendah dan Perilaku ibu yang kurang baik dalam memberikangizi. Pengetahuan ibu yang baik ternyata tidak menjamin status gizi yang baik padaanak, masih ada anak yang berumur lebih dari 27.5 bulan yang mengalami stunting.Perilaku ibu yang baik namun tidak disertai dengan pengetahuan ibu yang baik jugamerupakan penyebab kejadian stunting, sehingga masih terdapat anak berjenis kelaminperempuan yang menderita stunting disebabkan oleh perilaku yang baik, namun tidakdisertai dengan pengetahuan yang baik.Kata Kunci: Status Gizi, Stunting, Metode CART
HIMPUNAN LEMBUT KABUR INTUISIONISTIK DIPERUMUM DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM MASALAH PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DENGAN MULTI KRITERIA
Authors: Devita Rischa
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Pada tulisan ini dibahas tentang himpunan Lembut Kabur Intisionistik Dipe-rumum (Generalized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets) disigkat GIFSS yang merupakanperumuman dari teori himpunan Lembut Kabur Intuisionistik. Kemudian juga dibahasbeberapa operasi-operasi, sifat-sifat aljabar yang berlaku, beserta contoh-contohnya. Se-lanjutnya juga dibahas ukuran kesamaan antara dua himpunan Lembut Kabur Intisionis-tik Diperumum (GIFSS) beserta sifat-sifat yang berlaku. Terakhir, dengan menggunakanpendenisian dan sifat-sifat himpunan Lembut Kabur Intisionistik Diperumum (GIFSS)didapatkan algoritma dalam masalah pengambilan keputusan dengan multi kriteria. Se-buah contoh masalah pemilihan sebidang tanah dari beberapa alternatif dan beberapakriteria diberikan sebagai sebuah aplikasi dari himpunan Lembut Kabur IntuisionistikDiperumum dalam masalah pengambilan keputusan dengan multi kriteria.Kata Kunci: Himpunan Lembut, himpunan Kabur, himpunan Lembut Kabur, him-punan Lembut Kabur Intuisionistik, himpunan Lembut Kabur Intuisionistik diperumum,ukuran kesamaan, masalah pengambilan keputusan dengan multi kriteria
PENERAPAN HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL PADA PERAMALAN PELUANG PERPINDAHAN JUMLAH PENGGUNA MERK SIM CARD DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA S1 UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
Authors: Yulia Risma , Devianto Dodi , . Maiyastri
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Hidden Markov Model adalah perkembangan dari rantai Markov dimanastate tidak dapat diamati secara langsung (tersembunyi), tetapi hanya dapat diobservasimelalui suatu himpunan pengamatan lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeramalkanpeluang perpindahan jumlah pengguna merk SIM card di kalangan mahasiswa S1 Univer-sitas Andalas angkatan 2014 dan 2015 pada tahun 2017 dalam selang waktu satu minggudengan menggunakan algoritma Baum-Welch dalam Hidden Markov Model dan untukmemprediksi state tersembunyi atau peluang naik, turun atau tetapnya jumlah penggunamerk SIM card Telkomsel atau Indosat pada tahun 2017 dengan menggunakan DecodingProblem. Penelitian ini mengggunakan data perpindahan jumlah pengguna merk SIMcard dengan periode satu minggu. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dengan meng-gunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa Hidden Markov Model dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan peluang perpindahanjumlah pengguna merk SIM card di kalangan mahasiswa S1 Universitas Andalas pa-ling tinggi untuk periode satu minggu kedepan yaitu pada SIM card merk Telkomselke Indosat dengan menggunakan algoritma Baum-Welch. Pada algoritma Viterbi, dapatdiambil kesimpulan bahwa untuk tahun 2017 kemungkinan peluang perpindahan jum-lah pengguna merk SIM card yang berpindah dari suatu SIM card merk Telkomsel keIndosat dan Indosat ke Telkomsel di kalangan mahasiswa S1 Universitas Andalas adalahsama.Kata Kunci: Hidden Markov Model, Decoding Problem, state, algoritma Viterbi, algo-ritma Baum-Welch, SIM card
DIMENSI METRIK DARI GRAF Wn + Cn, UNTUK n 2 f3; 4g
Authors: Sayi Robi Nugraha , Yulianti Lyra , Sy Syafrizal
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Misalkan G = (V;E) suatu graf terhubung dan misal terdapat dua titik u; v 2V , jarak antara u dan v didenisikan sebagai panjang lintasan terpendek antara u dan vpada G yang dinotasikan dengan d(u; v). Untuk suatu himpunan A = fa1; a2; ; akg V dan suatu titik v pada G, r(v j A) = (d(v; a1); d(v; a2); ; d(v; ak)) disebut repre-sentasi v relatif terhadap A. Himpunan A dinamakan himpunan pemisah dari G jikasemua titik di G mempunyai representasi yang berbeda. Himpunan pemisah dengan kar-dinalitas minimum disebut himpunan pemisah minimum. Kardinalitas dari himpunanpemisah tersebut dinamakan dimensi metrik dari G, dinotasikan dengan dim(G). Joindari graf G dan H dinotasikan dengan G + H adalah Suatu graf yang diperoleh denganmenghubungkan semua titik pada graf G ke setiap titik di graf H. Pada tulisan inidiperoleh bahwa dim(W3 + C3) = 6 dan dim(W4 + C4) = 4.Kata Kunci: Representasi, Himpunan Pemisah, Dimensi Metrik, Join
APLIKASI PRINSIP MAKSIMUM PONTRYAGIN DAN METODE RUNGE-KUTTA DALAM MASALAH KONTROL OPTIMAL
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , . Jenizon , Rudianto Budi
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Tulisan ini membahas tentang penggunaan prinsip maksimum pontryagin danmetode Runge-Kutta dalam masalah kontrol optimal. Prinsip maksimum pontryagin di-gunakan untuk menentukan solusi analitik, dan metode Runge-Kutta untuk menentukansolusi numerik. Hasil dari metode Runge-Kutta kemudian dibandingkan dengan solusianalitiknya. Dari hasil perbandingan dapat disimpulkan metode Runge-Kutta mem-berikan galat yang sangatlah kecil dan dapat diabaikan.Kata Kunci: Masalah Kontrol Optimal, Prinsip Maksimum Pontryagin, Runge-Kutta
DIMENSI METRIK DAN DIMENSI PARTISI DARI GRAF TANGGA SEGITIGA TRn UNTUK n = 2; 3
Authors: Angraini Febria , Welyyanti Des , . Syafruddin
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Dimensi metrik dari graf G adalah kardinalitas minimum dari himpunanpenyelesaian. W yang merupakan himpunan bagian dari V (G) dikatakan himpunanpenyelesaian jika representasi setiap titik di G terhadap W berbeda. Selanjutnya, di-mensi partisi dari graf G adalah kardinalitas minimum dari partisi pembeda. yangmerupakan himpunan terurut k-partisi dari V (G) dikatakan partisi pembeda jika repre-sentasi setiap titik di G terhadap berbeda. Pada tulisan ini akan ditentukan dimensimetrik dan dimensi partisi dari graf tangga segitiga Trn untuk n = 2; 3.Kata Kunci: Dimensi metrik, Dimensi partisi, Graf tangga segitiga
MENENTUKAN MINIMUM SPANNING TREE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DETERMINAN
Authors: Thasya Laksmi Charina , . Narwen
Published: July 2020

Abstrak. Terdapat beberapa metoda untuk mencari sebuah minimum spanning treedalam graf terhubung dengan pembobotan. Diantaranya dengan menggunakan determi-nan submatriks non singular dari matriks insidensi graf yang diberikan. Pada tulisan iniakan dibahas tentang bagaimana menentukan minimum spanning tree dengan menggu-nakan determinan.Kata Kunci: Spanning tree, Minimum spanning tree, Determinan dari matriks insidensibobot sisi
Detección de malatión en larvas de dípteros de importancia forense en el noreste de México
Authors: Estrada-Camacho Israel , Hernández-Mendoza José Luis , Torres-Ortega Jorge , Quiroz–Velázquez Jesús Di Carlo , Villarreal-Sotelo Karla
Published: July 2020

La intoxicación aguda con plaguicidas es un problema de salud pública mundial. En los países en desarrollo los plaguicidas causan hasta un millón de casos de intoxicación y hasta 20.000 muertes anuales. En México, se ha reportado que debido a las intoxicaciones por xenobióticos, entre ellos los plaguicidas, fallecen 1.400 personas anualmente. En el presente trabajo se optimizó un método para detectar y cuantificar malatión en larvas de mosca (Diptera) de tercer estadio, que eclosionaron sobre carne de cerdo Sus scrofa domesticus tratada con la dosis letal de malatión para humanos (60 g/60 kg). Se trabajó con una biomasa de 1,5 g a la cual se le agregó 1,2 mL de fase, se agitó por espacio de 5 min y se centrifugó por 10 min a 10.000 rpm. El sobrenadante se analizó por HPLC, usando una fase de metanol-agua (70/30). El tiempo de retención del malatión fue de 4,1 min. Se encontró que el límite de detección fue de 0,301 ppm de malatión; la técnica y el procedimiento utilizados servirán como herramienta indirecta para identificar la presencia de este tóxico de una manera relativamente sencilla y su uso en casos judiciales.
¡Todos(as) emprendedores(as)! Subjetividad y salud mental en un proceso de capacitación en emprendimiento
Authors: Castro-Sardi Ximena , Salazar Yuli Andrea , Munévar Margarita M.
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación-intervención cuyo objetivo fue ofrecer atención psicosocial a un grupo de personas, en su mayoría mujeres, vinculadas a un programa de formación para el emprendimiento en Cali. Se identifican las principales problemáticas de salud mental y los efectos del proceso de atención, mediante entrevistas en profundidad y un cuestionario de bienestar psicológico a una muestra de participantes. Las problemáticas identificadas son la sobrecarga por parte de las mujeres en su rol familiar y negocio, la dificultad para delegar y tomar decisiones y la vivencia de situaciones de maltrato familiar. Los principales resultados de la intervención son la movilización hacia la toma de decisiones, la delegación de funciones, el desarrollo de auto-confianza y la búsqueda activa de soluciones a situaciones de maltrato. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de incluir aspectos de la experiencia subjetiva en los programas de intervención basados en el emprendimiento.
Inmigración japonesa hacia Colombia: primeros pasos de una larga marcha
Authors: Mera Hansel
Published: July 2020

San Miguel, I. (2018). En pos de El Dorado: inmigración japonesa a Colombia. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Trabajo y pobreza. Las mujeres cabeza de familia de las áreas rurales del Nordeste y Sur de Brasil
Authors: De Oliveira Nadja Simone Menezes Nery , Staduto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Kreter Ana Cecília de Medeiros Nitzsche , Darr Dietrich
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el perfil de las mujeres cabeza de familia residentes en las áreas rurales de Brasil y de las regiones Nordeste y Sur, a partir de las características personales, familiares y de trabajo, y discutirlas según las condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis estadístico descriptivo basado en el banco de datos de la Investigación Nacional por Muestras de Domicilios (PNAD) del año de 2014. Se constató que la mayoría de las mujeres cabeza de familia vivían sin sus cónyuges o compañeros. La falta de contribución a un régimen pensional sugiere un alto porcentaje de mujeres empleadas en la informalidad. Se concluye que la mujer cabeza de familia, independientemente de la región en la que reside, es más pobre que el hombre cabeza de familia, y que la vulnerabilidad de la mujer es más intensa en el Nordeste.
Challenges in Developing Sequence Diagrams (UML)
Authors: Kurniawan Tri Astoto , LÃª Lam-Son , Priyambadha Bayu
Published: July 2020

During the object-oriented software design phase, the designers have to describe the dynamic aspect of the system under development through the most common interaction diagram variant in UML 2.0, i.e. sequence diagrams. Some novice designers, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, suffer from making inappropriate models due to insufficiently detailed guidance required to develop such sequence diagrams. This paper classifies some potential mistakes which are likely performed by such novice designers, and discusses the corresponding corrections. We summarized such mistakes based on our long experiences in teaching software modeling classes as well as software analysis and design classes. There were classified twenty-one potential mistakes with respect to the syntactical and semantical correctness of the developed models. It is concluded that novice designers have to be aware and take into account the identified mistakes in such a way they can produce correct sequence diagrams.
PARENTAL REGULATION OF INTERNET USE: ISSUES OF CONTROL, CENSORSHIP AND CYBERBULLYING
Authors: Moodley Padhma , Singh Jesika Rachel
Published: July 2020

The attraction of the internet continues to grow, mobilising the attention of many users, and impressing especially adolescents globally. Whilst the internet has provided adolescents with many benefits, such as academic support; cross- cultural interactions; social support; and exposure to the world at large, there are serious risks associated with the internet. The parentsâ€™ role in this regard becomes pivotal in ensuring the safety of their children. The mechanisms used by parents in controlling their childrenâ€™s use and access to the internet were the focus of this study. For this reason, the study aimed to determine the role parents play in regulating their adolescent childrenâ€™s use of and access to the internet and how issues of control, censorship and cyberbullying are addressed. The study was based on Baumrindâ€™s (in Grobman 2008) parenting styles which formed the theoretical framework. A quantitative approach was used to gauge the responses of parents who have adolescent children. Through convenience sampling, the respondents were selected to answer a questionnaire made up of closed-ended questions. The key findings that emerged from the study revealed that parents applied the permissive style of parenting when it came to male adolescents, whilst they applied the authoritative style of parenting to female adolescents.
BUILDING THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATION THROUGH LEGAL DEPOSIT IN TIMES OF RAPID CLIMATE CHANGE: THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MSUNDUZI MUNICIPAL LIBRARY BUILDING
Authors: Nsibirwa Zawedde
Published: July 2020

This article examines the structural design of a legal depository as the building is the cultural materialsâ€™ main line of defence against drastic changes in climate. A conceptual framework using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard (11799:2003) for â€˜Information and documentation â€“ Document storage requirements for archive and library materialsâ€™, and the Society of American Archivists (SAA 2008) â€˜Guidelines for archivists, librarians, architects, and engineersâ€™ were used to examine the different building facets of the Msunduzi Municipal Library, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Using a three-phased approach, quantitative and qualitative methods and tools were used to collect data over a period of time. As a way forward, the study recommends the adaption of various elements of the building in order to moderate and prevent further damage of the building and the documentary heritage.
RESEARCH COLLABORATION AMONG LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA (1991â€“2012): AN INFORMETRICS STUDY
Authors: Maluleka Jan R. , Onyancha Omwoyo B.
Published: July 2020

This study sought to assess the extent of research collaboration in Library and Information Science (LIS) schools in South Africa between 1991 and 2012. Informetric research techniques were used to obtain relevant data for the study. The data was extracted from two EBSCO-hosted databases, namely, Library and Information Science Source (LISS) and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA). The search was limited to scholarly peer reviewed articles published between 1991 and 2012. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel Â©2010 and UCINET for Windows Â©2002 software packages. The findings revealed that research collaboration in LIS schools in South Africa has increased over the past two decades and mainly occurred between colleagues from the same department and institution; there were also collaborative activities at other levels, such as inter-institutional and inter-country, although to a limited extent; differences were noticeable when ranking authors according to different computations of their collaborative contributions; and educator-practitioner collaboration was rare. Several conclusions and recommendations based on the findings are offered in the article.
"See Me": How the Uncanny Double Supports Maturing Girlhood in Terry Pratchett's Tiffany Aching Series
Authors: Donaldson Eileen
Published: July 2020

The Gothic double is an effective motif through which to explore the self's relation to itself. But where traditional Gothic literature positions the protagonist and the double as antagonists, some contemporary literature for younger readers suggests an alternative, dialogic relationship between the two. This dynamic encourages a greater interaction between the protagonist and the double and reflects the postmodern conceptualisation of identity as constituted through the self's constantly shifting response to others, and itself-as other. This article explores the significance of the dialogic relationships that develop between the character Tiffany Aching and the various doubles that challenge her in Terry Pratchett's Tiffany Aching series (2003–2015). In each of the five novels the double presents Tiffany with an opportunity to confront and resolve her specific pre-adolescent and adolescent anxieties. As Tiffany interacts with her uncanny doubles, she assimilates those parts of herself rendered uncanny by the process of adolescent maturation and her reclamation of her alienated selves broadens the scope of her agency.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF STANDARDS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN KENYA
Authors: Odera-Kwach Beatrice Achiengâ€™ , Ngulube Patrick
Published: July 2020

This article sets out to describe the usage of standards in the development of quality library services in universities in Kenya. Standards represent opportunities for librarians to add value as information providers and for the library profession to raise its visibility as an authority on information quality. The mixed research method was used for data collection. A total of 27 (87%) of the 31 respondents from private and public higher education institutions (HEIs) completed and returned the questionnaires. Based on the findings from the questionnaire survey, five heads of university libraries were interviewed. The findings revealed that the majority of the university libraries had used only five out of the ten Commission for Higher Educationâ€™s Standards and Guidelines for University Libraries in Kenya (CHE 2007), namely: vision, mission and objectives; organisation and access of information resources; information resources; ICT resources; and library building. The higher usage of these five standards could have been attributed to the eligibility requirements for licensing of the external quality assurance regulatory body, namely, the CHE. However, the least utilised standards were those that were crucial to demonstrate that students had mastered the specific objectives of education. The CHE standards used for evaluation of university libraries in Kenya only covered inputs. The article concludes with a number of recommendations for improvement. The standards should focus on outputs and outcomes of the library programmes as primary indicators of quality.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN READING PREFERENCE: EVIDENCE FROM A MOBILE PHONE PLATFORM
Authors: De Villiers Kelly , Louw Johann , Tredoux Colin
Published: July 2020

Two studies were conducted to investigate gender differences in a sample of young South African readers from poor communities. In the first study, the self-reported reading preferences of 2 775 readers on a mobile phone platform supplied by the FunDza Literacy Trust were surveyed. Both male and female readers indicated that they liked four genres in particular: romance, drama, non- fiction, and stories with specific South African content. There were nevertheless some differences, such as that a higher percentage of males liked stories involving sport. The second study examined the unique FunDza site visits made by readers, as a proxy measure of what they actually were reading. Four genres stood out: romance, drama, biography, and action/adventure. Again the similarity between male and female readers was noticeable, although many more females than males read content on the site.
CULTURAL POLARITIES IN FRANCES HODGSON BURNETTâ€™S CHILDRENâ€™S BOOKS
Authors: Wessels Johan Andries
Published: July 2020

Frances Hodgson Burnett was the product of two cultures, British and American. An interest in the relations between these two cultures pervades her work and forms a significant thematic thread. This article investigates the articulation of such tensions in Burnettâ€™s three most famous childrenâ€™s books. The cultural polarities at issue in Little Lord Fauntleroy ([1886] 1899), the earliest of the three novels under consideration, are closest to the tensions in Burnettâ€™s own life as a British American. In this novel, Burnett manages to reconcile the American egalitarianism of the protagonistâ€™s early childhood values with an almost feudal concept of noblesse oblige, and it is suggested that this conceptualisation remains imperative also in her later works. In A little princess ([1905] 2008) and The secret garden ([1911] 1968), imperial India is set against England as the primary polarity. Burnettâ€™s exposition is shown to conform to Edward Saidâ€™s notions of Orientalism, showing India to constitute an almost archetypal image of the Other, yet the novels are critical of imperialism as causing the distortion of the imperialist as would later be defined by Orwell in Shooting an elephant and other essays (1950). It is suggested that in spite of an ostensible classlessness, the novels express a profoundly conservative and hierarchical vision.
ROY CAMPBELLâ€™S CHILDRENâ€™S NOVEL, THE MAMBAâ€™S PRECIPICE
Authors: Jenkins Elwyn
Published: July 2020

Roy Campbellâ€™s The mambaâ€™s precipice (1953), a novel for children, is his only prose work of fiction. This article examines three aspects of the book, namely its autobigraphical elements; its echoes of Campbellâ€™s friendship with the writers Laurie Lee and Laurens van der Post; and its parallels with other English childrenâ€™s literature. Campbell based the story on the holidays his family spent on the then Natal South Coast, and he writes evocative descriptions of the sea and the bush. The accounts of feats achieved by the boy protagonist recall Campbellâ€™s self-mythologising memoirs. There are similarities and differences between The mambaâ€™s precipice and the way Van der Post wrote about Natal in The hunter and the whale (1967). Campbellâ€™s novel in some respects resembles nineteenth-century childrenâ€™s adventure stories set in South Africa, and it also has elements of the humour typical of school stories of the â€˜Billy Bunterâ€™ era and the cosy, mundane activities and dialogue common to other mid-century South African and English childrenâ€™s books.
MANAGING CHURCH RECORDS RELATING TO INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES AT THE ANGLICAN DIOCESE OF NATAL
Authors: Chisa Ken , Hoskins Ruth
Published: July 2020

The Anglican Diocese of Natal in South Africa (hereafter the Diocese) is part of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. It covers the western part of the KwaZulu-Natal province, west and south of the Tugela and Buffalo rivers. The Episcopal leader of the diocese is the Bishop of Natal. This study aimed to examine the current records management framework at the Archives of the Anglican Diocese of Natal (hereafter the Archives), especially with regard to records relating to indigenous laity within the Diocese. The study identified the strengths and weaknesses of this framework and recommends an effective and efficient records management protocol for the future. The study was based on a literature review and the personal experiences and observations of one of the researchers who worked at the Diocese at the time of the study. The study concludes that the Diocese does not have a clear records management programme to deliberately guide the management of indigenous related records. It recommends the need to embrace information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other innovative changes in in order to create an enabling environment to facilitate records location, accessibility, retrieval and the timely utilisation of information.The paper argues that a reconfiguration of policy and methods needs to take place in order to acknowledge the many faceted relationships that exist between indigenous peoples and records, and to recognise the rights of indigenous communities to participate in the process of decision making about records management and practices. The paper considers these issues by examining challenges that are presented in managing existing indigenous collections in church repositories in South Africa, followed by a discussion about the challenges and opportunities that exist in the digital domain for rich and diverse collections to be created that allow for multiple perspectives.
Genesis 2:24 as Basis for Monogamous Christian Marriage: Illustrations from Nigeria
Authors: Ademiluka Solomon Olusola
Published: July 2020

The issue of monogamy versus polygamy has been a matter of constant debate within Christendom, particularly in Africa. There are several passages used to support monogamy as the biblical standard, but this article focuses on Genesis 2:24. Citing illustrations from Nigeria, the aim of this article is to examine the claim that Genesis 2:24 serves as a basis for monogamous Christian marriage. This article employs the descriptive and exegetical methods. It discovers that Genesis 2:24 is an aetiology, which means that it is descriptive rather than prescriptive. The essay concludes that the passage is silent on the form of marriage, whether monogamous or polygamous. The monogamy interpretation fails to take cognisance of the fact that the text is an aetiology, and therefore descriptive, having reference to marriage only as it was practised at the time of writing. The monogamy view also loses sight of the Mosaic laws that regulated the practice of polygamy. Finally, since the passage has no reference for monogamy or polygamy originally, it is incorrect to say that Jesus’ or Paul’s allusion to it supports monogamy.
Translations of Sacred Texts and the Shaping, Reshaping and Circulation of Religious Knowledge in Monotheistic Religions with Written Traditions: A South African Perspective
Authors: Naudé Jacobus A.
Published: July 2020

Translation is centrally important for religion in two ways. First, most religious communities encounter their sacred texts entirely through translations; and, second, religious texts as an object of study are usually read in translation by scholars of religion. The translation of sacred texts is problematic in terms of its nature (translation method/strategy, process, readership) and the status of the product (as authoritative sacred text). When the translation of sacred texts is institutionalised, translations are regulated with strict controls on translators, source texts, translation methods, and readership. On the one hand, regulation may entail forbidding all translation; on the other, regulation may focus on the source text resulting in a literal translation, which keeps the sacred text largely incomprehensible to the masses. When intercultural and interlinguistic comprehension of the text matters more than its linguistic form, more openness towards translation method results to the detriment of the principle that sacred texts should be heard, read, and understood as religious artefacts derived from their ancient cultural context. Furthermore, the future of a religion as a living historical tradition depends on the translation of its sacred texts for new contexts. Where a sacred text is well-known, the continual impulse for re-translation is driven by expanded readership, improvements of earlier translations, and remediation of misinterpretations and outdated language. Focusing on the South African context, examples are presented from the history of religious translation within the Jewish religious tradition, Christianity, and Isl?m, to illustrate the spreading, circulation, shaping and reshaping of religious knowledge by translation.
“Como e quando começamos a falar Português?” A história do deslocamento linguístico na Amazônia
Authors: Santos Bárbara Heliodora Lemos de Pinheiro , Costa Neto José de Rezende
Published: July 2020

José Ribamar Bessa Freire visita línguas indígenas que já se perderam, por meio da história da Língua Geral Amazônica (LGA), a partir do testemunho documental de acervos históricos. Elegendo o campo teórico da História Social da Linguagem, Bessa Freire investiga os aspectos externos que promoveram a hegemonia da Língua Portuguesa e o declínio de centenas de línguas indígenas. Das 1300 línguas faladas no Brasil antes da chegada dos europeus, restam 274 autodeclaradas recenseadas pelo IBGE em 2010, porém, se submetidas a critérios linguísticos, subsistiriam menos de 180 línguas. A situação pandêmica proporcionada pelo Covid-19 faz soar o alerta, visto que indígenas têm perdido suas vidas, em especial os anciãos portadores de saberes inestimáveis.
Perfil dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica: estudo retrospectivo de aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais
Authors: Rezende Lucas Facio , Paiva Luísa Santos , Paradela Sarah Nunes , Rettore Maisa Alves , Amaral Aline Diana do , Jácome Guillermo Patricio Ortega , Mendes Nathália Barbosa do Espírito Santo
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil dos pacientes, a perda de peso, as comorbidades e resultados laboratoriais, em pré e pós-operatório. Métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo do tipo série de casos, com dados coletados de prontuários eletrônicos, com amostra de 181 pacientes, divididos de acordo com o IMC. O pós-operatório foi dividido em 2 controles para análise temporal. O p-valor foi definido em 95%. Resultados: 75,69% dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino, a idade média foi de 38,92 anos e o grau de obesidade III foi o mais frequente (60,77%). Dentre as comorbidades a mais prevalente foi a HAS (49,72%), seguida da esteatose hepática (35,91%), dislipidemia (32,04%) e diabetes (23,20%). A Gastroplastia em Y de Roux foi a técnica mais utilizada (80,11%). Com relação ao peso os pacientes apresentaram uma perda progressiva entre os controles. Observou-se redução dos níveis glicêmicos dos pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos, avaliados pela glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada. O perfil lipídico não apresentou diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão: apesar da complexidade e morbidade, a cirurgia bariátrica mostra-se benéfica aos pacientes, promovendo perda de peso e controle de comorbidades.
Kampung Wayang Dan Penguatan Materi Bahan Ajar Entreprenuer Sejarah
Authors: Saputro Andry Jadi , Soebijantoro Soebijantoro
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah perkembangan kampung wayang di desa Kepuhsari dan potensinya sebagai penguatan materi bahan ajar entrepreneur sejarah bagi mahasiswa Program studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas PGRI MADIUN. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung secara non partisipasi dalam berbagai kegiatan masyarakat. Wawancara dilakukan baik secara terstruktur dengan daftar pertanyaan yang telah disistematisasikan berdasarkan gambaran awal yang didapat.Â  Analisis data penelitian ini berpedoman pada langkah-langkah analisis data penelitian kualitatifÂ  yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, danÂ  penarikan simpulan.Â  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Seni tatah sungging wayang kulit di desa Kepuhsari sudah berlangsung sejak abad ke 18. Keterampilan yang diperoleh dari abdi dalem keraton Mangkunegaran menjadikan kualitas produk seni tatah sungging wayang kulit kulit di desa Kepusari diakui secara nasional. Sampai saat ini kerajinan tatah sunggih wayang kulit dinilai oleh masyarakat desa Kepuhsari lebih menjanjikan secara ekonomi dari pada bertani. Hingga tahun 2015 di Desa Kepuhsari ini telah memiliki 135 kepala keluarga yang menekuni usaha sebagai pengrajin wayang kulit sehingga oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Wonogiri mendapat predikatÂ  sebagai Kampung Wayang. 2) Terdapat karakter entreprenuer yang dapat dibangun oleh mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran entrepreneur yaitu a) Berani mengambil resiko, b) Mandiri dan c) cerdas dalam melihat peluang ekonomi pada kondisi exciting yang menjadi kekuatan dalam usaha pengembangan wisata sehingga potret kampung wayang di desa Kepuhrejo dapat diaplikasikan dalam praktik entrepreneur khususnya potensi seni budaya yang bersinergi dengan pariwisata di Indonesia.
Rapid Mechanochemical Synthesis of Amides with Uronium-Based Coupling Reagents, a Method for Hexa-amidation of Biotin[6]uril
Authors: Dalidovich Tatsiana , Mishra Kamini A. , Shalima Tatsiana , Kudrjašova Marina , Kananovich Dzmitry , Aav Riina
Published: July 2020

Solid-state reactions using mechanochemical activation have emerged as solvent-free atom-efficient strategies for sustainable chemistry. Herein we report a new mechanochemical approach for the amide coupling of carboxylic acids and amines, mediated by combination of (1-сyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylaminomorpholinocarbenium hexafluorophosphate (COMU) or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TCFH) and K2HPO4. The method delivers a range of amides in high 70–96% yields and fast reaction rates. The reaction protocol is mild, maintains the integrity of the adjacent to carbonyl stereocenters, and streamlines isolation procedure for solid amide products. Minimal waste is generated due to the absence of bulk solvent. We show that K2HPO4 plays a dual role, acting as a base and a precursor of reactive acyl phosphate species. Amide bonds from hindered carboxylic acids and low-nucleophilic amines can be assembled within 90 min by using TCFH in combination with K2HPO4 or N-methylimidazole. The developed mechanochemical liquid-assisted amidation protocols were successfully applied to the challenging couplings of all six carboxylate functions of biotin[6]uril macrocycle with phenylalanine methyl ester, resulting in an 80% yield of highly pure hexa-amide-biotin[6]uril. In addition, fast and high-yielding synthesis of peptides and versatile amide compounds can be performed in a safe and environmentally benign manner, as verified by green metrics.
Image Analysis of Structured Surfaces for Quantitative Topographical Characterization
Authors: Stimpson Taylor C. , Wagner Devan L. , Cranston Emily D. , Moran-Mirabal Jose
Published: July 2020

In the fields of functional materials, interfacial chemistry, and microscale devices, surface structuring provides an opportunity to engineer materials with unique tunable properties such as wettability, anti-fouling, crack propagation, and specific surface area. Often, the resulting properties are related to the feature sizes of the structured surfaces and therefore, it is necessary to accurately quantify these topographies. This work presents a step-by-step description of a method for the quantification of the size of periodic structures using 2D discrete Fourier Transform analysis coupled with data filtering techniques to optimize feature size extraction and reduce user bias and error. The method is validated using artificial images of periodic patterns as well as scanning electron microscopy images of gold films that are structured on different substrates. While image Fourier Transform has been used previously and is a built-in feature in some commercial and open-source image analysis software, this work details image pre-processing and feature extraction steps, and how to best apply them, which has not been described in detail elsewhere. This method can analyze engineered or natural periodic topographies (e.g., wrinkles) to enable the design of patterned materials for applications including photovoltaics, biosensors, tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and thin film metrology.
To Evaluate Optic Nerve Head Changes In Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Viraj Pradhan  , Karambelkar V H
Published: July 2020

The early discovery of optic nerve head changes via careful assessment prompts initial finding and the board of essential open point glaucoma. The current examination was attempted to break down to the optic nerve head in patients of open point glaucoma regarding visual field defects.110 eyes of 60 patients were concentrated in this cross-sectional investigation. The mean age of the patients was 58.26±10.44 years, with 30 males and 30 females. 15% of the patients were suffering from hypertension. The mean IOP among the eyes was 18.63 ±4.17 mm of Hg. The mean vertical C/D ratio was 0.61 ±0.12. 89.09% of patients had a medium disc size. The R/D ratio among patients showed that majority of eyes having RD ratio of 0.01-0.1 (30.91%). HPA grades showed that 32.72% had severe visual field defects. 97.30% of eyes had a contiguous visual loss as compared to noncontiguous (2.70%). The nasal field was mostly affected by 51.35%. DDLS has a stronger correlation with Mean Defect than Vertical C/D ratio and with HPA classification than the Vertical C/D ratio. DDLS to be a simple, brisk, modest and precise strategy to record ONH harm. It seems, by all accounts, to be better than the C/D proportion for optic plate assessment.
Effect of ultrasound and four hourly cryotherapy application in the treatment of bicipital tendinitis- a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Amrutkuvar Rayjade  , Varadharajulu G  , Radhika Chintamani  , Trupti Yadav
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this appraisal was to consider the effect of ultrasound and four hourly cryotherapy application in the treatment of bicipital tendinitis. In this prospective randomized clinical assessment, Thirty individuals were enrolled in the group A, and thirty specific individuals were picked into the get-together B group. In group A, Ultrasound for 7 mins – 2:8 – 1.5 w/cm2 and for group B, Sham Ultrasound for 7 mins – 2:8 – 1.5 w/cm2 with cryotherapy for 20 min 4hourly given. Pain severity, Pressure Pain Threshold and functional disability were assessed in all participants before and after two weeks of treatment. Group A had 12 males, and 15 females and Group B had nine males and 18 females. Pre and post interventional mean and standard deviation for group A was 7.37+1.21 and 7.33+1.30. Whereas pre and post interventional mean and standard deviation for group B was 7.33+1.30 and 1.70+0.60. Pre interventional analysis of data of group A and B showed no significant difference. Whereas post interventional analysis of data showed an extremely significant difference between group A and group B. Results revealed that participants with bicipital tendinitis respond more favourably to ultrasound therapy with cryotherapy for 20min four-hourly than ultrasound alone.
Submucosal administration of dexamethasone versus methyl prednisolone in management of postoperative sequelae after mandibular third molar impaction - A systematic review
Authors: Janani Kandamani  , Divya Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan  , Sudarssan Subramaniam Gouthaman  , Santhosh Kumar M P
Published: July 2020

Third molar extraction is one of the most commonly performed minor surgical procedure in any dental practice worldwide, often accompanied by various postoperative sequelae such as swelling pain and trismus which intern affects the quality of life of a patient. Over the past few decades, different methods have been proposed in the literature and were clinically evaluated to reduce the postoperative discomfort after mandibular third molar impaction and out of which corticosteroids, have shown promising results. Dexamethasone (administered either orally, submucosally, IV or IM), methylprednisolone acetate and methylprednisolone sodium succinate (IV or IM or submucosal) are most commonly preferred corticosteroids in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The main objective is to systematically review the comparison of the effectiveness of submucosal administration of dexamethasone with methylprednisolone following mandibular third molar impaction in reducing the postoperative sequelae, and its discomfort and searches were performed in the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Two articles were most relevant, and the results of the comparison of the selected articles were analysed. From this deliberate audit, it is very well may be inferred that submucosal injection of dexamethasone plays a promising role in reducing the postoperative sequelae which includes swelling, pain and trismus and its discomfort following mandibular third molar impaction when compared with that of methylprednisolone.
The spinal adjuvent - intrathecal nalbuphine as effective as intrathecal fentanyl
Authors: Pratibha Deshmukh  , Medha Sangawar  , Nikita Dhumne  , Vivek Chakole
Published: July 2020

Opioids are favoured as adjuvants to local anaesthetics for spinal anaesthesia. The present study was aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of intrathecal nalbuphine with fentanyl as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. 100 adult patients of either sex, ASA grade I and II, aged 18–60 years were randomized into two groups of 50 each to receive either fentanyl 25 μg (Group BF) or nalbuphine 500µg (Group BN) with 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, making drug volume to 3.5 ml in each group. Sensory and motor block characteristics, duration of analgesia, VAS score, haemodynamic and side effects were recorded. The sensorimotor characteristics were comparable and found no significant difference between the two groups, (P>0.05). The time duration for adequate analgesia in group BN was 366.40 ± 37.32min, and in the group, BF was 361.39 ± 43.96min, (P= 0.567). In both, the groups, quality of analgesia during the procedure was excellent in a maximum number of patients (96% each group). Sedation score, hemodynamic and respiratory rate changes were comparable between the two groups. In group BF, 4 (8%) patients complained nausea/ vomiting, pruritus was observed in 2 (4%), intraoperative hypotension in 3 (6%) and bradycardia in 2 (4%) and post-dural puncture headache in 2 patient (4%). In group BN, only bradycardia was observed in 3 (6%) patients. Nalbuphine and fentanyl were found to be equally efficient, but nalbuphine had a lower side effect profile, readily available as it does not come under the Narcotic act. However, we suggest Nalbuphine-bupivacaine combination as a better alternative than fentanyl-bupivacaine combination.
A preliminary investigation of anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties of various extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica in relation to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Swati Som  , Justin Antony  , Palanisamy Dhanabal S  , Sivasankaran Ponnusankar
Published: July 2020

The complexity of the underlying pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and substandard results of existing treatment, demands persistent research for the development of new therapeutics. As natural antioxidant has attracted considerable attention on this regards, the present study evaluated and validated antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of Vernonia anthelmintica seeds. Different extracts were collected after sequential extraction of plant seeds by using pet ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as solvents. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested by using superoxide, nitric oxide (NO) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, whereas, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition property was assessed by Ellman’s method. Results revealed that all the extracts produced some degree of both the activities in a concentration-dependent manner. While pet ether extract exhibited weakest, methanolic extract displayed potent radical scavenging and anti-cholinesterase properties in all the assays with IC50 of 159.71 μg/ml against AChE inhibition and 98.51, 120.22 and 170.79 μg/ml against superoxide, NO and DPPH radical scavenging assays respectively. Presence of an array of secondary metabolites with modest flavonoid and phenol content in the methanolic extract is accountable for these desired activities. Collectively, reports from our experiments covey that V. anthelmintica possess significant AChE inhibitory and antioxidant property and thus can be further evaluated in search of potential disease-modifying therapeutic for management of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.