bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ouvrir le chemin des mots
Authors: Grenier Louise
Published: December 2024

Pour certains analysants ou patients, la mémoire est de la matière morte, inutilisable. Les exemples présentés dans ce texte nous servent à interroger l’écart existant entre l’usage du langage en séance et l’accès, souvent pénible, à ce que Lacan appelle « lalangue ». Une langue originaire de soi en quelque sorte, singulière et qui signale l’effort de l’infans pour arracher de sa gangue originaire une demande qui le fonde, qui le distingue du monde qui l’entoure et le tient enserré.
Avec le compositeur Claude Vivier : entre sonore, intime et identitaire
Authors: Pinard Louis
Published: December 2024

Claude Vivier a été un compositeur de musique contemporaine québécois de génie. Son écriture musicale déroutante évoque chez le psychanalyste le monde enténébré d’une enfance d’avant les mots de la langue maternelle, marqué au sceau de tintements d’éléments percussifs et d’échos sonores dissonants au plus proche du corporel, d’où perce un ineffable parfum mélancolique. Dans la composition de la partie chantée de l’oeuvre (ainsi que peut le représenter Wo bist du Licht !), il y a l’usage singulier d’une langue inventée adressée à soi-même qui semble rejoindre la notion de jumeau paraphrénique mise de l’avant par Michel de M’Uzan. Les blessures psychiques précocissimes infligées au sujet Vivier ont généré un destin singulier de créateur sur lequel la psychanalyse peut se risquer à jeter un regard.
Le « pouvoir obscur » de la musique. Freud, la musique et la communauté
Authors: Leroux Georges
Published: December 2024

La résistance de Freud à l’égard de la musique est bien connue et le distingue de collègues analystes comme Theodor Reik, qui maintenait pour sa part une attitude d’ouverture et de sensibilité. Dans cet article, l’auteur examine divers témoignages permettant de documenter les positions de Freud, notamment son analyse du « pouvoir obscur » de la musique. En relisant ces témoignages à travers la critique de Reik, il propose quelques éléments d’interprétation susceptibles d’éclairer plusieurs raisons inconscientes de cette aversion particulière de Freud qui se disait lui-même « entièrement non musical », raisons qui ont à voir avec sa conception relative à la communauté. L’auteur montrera notamment que l’on trouve dans les thèses de son anthropologie religieuse (Totem et Tabou, L’Homme Moïse, L’avenir d’une illusion) plusieurs échos de cette conception de la communauté dont la musique serait l’expression emblématique, et l’espace symbolique symétrique de l’inconscient : lieu de traces, dépôt des signifiants originaires, antichambre dramatique du langage et du sujet.
Contenir la proximité
Authors: Daoud Sarah
Published: December 2024

L’espace frontalier égypto-palestinien est marqué par des reconfigurations politiques et territoriales qui résultent en partie de changements de perceptions des régimes égyptiens successifs vis-à-vis de cette zone. En raison de la proximité territoriale, principalement, il est associé à un enjeu pour la sécurité nationale égyptienne et représente une menace en partie construite. Pourtant, la frontière égypto-palestinienne a historiquement été perméable et a constitué un espace d’interactions entre les populations palestiniennes et du Nord Sinaï.

La victoire législative du Hamas en 2006 et la prise de contrôle de Gaza par le parti islamiste palestinien en 2007, puis l’arrivée au pouvoir du maréchal al-Sissi, ont entraîné un glissement paradigmatique : le territoire palestinien voisin est désormais exclusivement perçu par le régime égyptien comme un risque intérieur. Dès lors, les acteurs sécuritaires et l’armée égyptienne s’emploient à contenir la proximité avec le territoire palestinien, en déployant des politiques sécuritaires dans la zone frontalière avec la bande de Gaza dans le but de fortifier la frontière. Le point de passage de Rafah, unique sortie pour les Palestiniens de Gaza depuis l’imposition du siège israélien sur l’enclave, s’est ainsi progressivement transformé en verrou, réduisant considérablement la mobilité des Palestiniens de Gaza. Ces derniers sont en outre l’objet d’une industrie migratoire opérée par des acteurs publics et privés égyptiens, lesquels ont développé un commerce lucratif. Les régimes de restrictions et la privatisation croissante de la frontière s’étendent au Nord du Sinaï, territoire qui fait également l’objet d’une sécuritisation.
Mettre les frontières en nombre : éléments de genèse de la quantification de l’irrégularité aux frontières de l’Union européenne
Authors: Adam Pauline , Jeandesboz Julien
Published: December 2024

En l’espace d’une quinzaine d’années, entre le début des années 1990 et le milieu des années 2000, un réseau d’acteurs opérant au sein des institutions de l’Union européenne va construire un dispositif transnational visant à mettre en nombre, mesurer et comparer différents aspects de l’irrégularité aux frontières des États membres. L’article présente une enquête historique inédite de ce dispositif, étudié à partir d’un de ses points d’émergence, le Centre d’information, de réflexion et d’échanges en matière de franchissement des frontières et d’immigration (CIREFI), créé en 1992 et démantelé en 2010 après sa fusion avec l’agence Frontex. Alors que la construction statistique de l’irrégularité n’a que peu retenu l’attention des études sur les frontières, cette recherche révèle les différentes opérations qui permettent la production de ces statistiques grâce à l’analyse d’un corpus d’archives au travers d’outils théoriques et méthodologiques issus de la sociohistoire de la quantification et des études criminologiques.
La double peine des non-citoyens au Canada
Authors: Abellan-Almenara Meritxell , Côté-Boucher Karine , Leclerc Chloé
Published: December 2024

Les sections 36(1) et 36(2) de la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés (LIPR) établissent les critères pour qu’un non-citoyen trouvé coupable d’une infraction criminelle au Canada soit déclaré interdit de territoire pour motif de (grande) criminalité. Cet article conceptualise ces interdictions de territoire comme une double peine pour les non-citoyens et comme un acte d’internalisation de la frontière canadienne, et soutient que les juges du système de justice pénale ont acquis le pouvoir de (dé)construire cette frontière. Sur la base d’une analyse jurisprudentielle de 59 décisions écrites par les cours municipales et la Cour du Québec entre 2002 et 2023, l’étude s’intéresse à la façon dont les juges du système de justice pénale conçoivent leur rôle à la lumière d’un tel pouvoir. Les résultats suggèrent que les juges du système de justice pénale se divisent en trois grands groupes selon la conception qu’ils ont de leur rôle : si certains juges acceptent et intègrent dans leur processus décisionnel le pouvoir de contribuer à la construction, le maintien ou le démantèlement de la frontière, d’autres font des efforts pour justifier pourquoi ils refusent de l’intégrer. L’article conclut que le pouvoir donné aux juges du système pénal par la LIPR a transformé la pénalité canadienne à travers non seulement la modification des mesures qui sont imposées par le système, mais aussi et surtout à travers la modification des pratiques des acteurs qui en font partie.
Désistance, religion et spiritualité : religion, spiritualité et processus de désistance
Authors: Pelz Lucie , Glowacz Fabienne
Published: December 2024

La religion et la spiritualité ont toujours occupé une place au sein de la société, variable selon les époques. Néanmoins, les recherches s’intéressant à leur place dans le processus de sortie de la délinquance sont limitées dans le champ de la criminologie. L’objectif de notre étude réalisée en Belgique et en France était de comprendre comment religion et spiritualité peuvent soutenir le processus de désistance. Sept entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès d’hommes et de femmes adultes auteurs d’infractions, et analysés selon la méthodologie qualitative d’analyse thématique de contenu. Religion et spiritualité apparaissent dans les matériaux comme soutien à la désistance, soutenant les comportements prosociaux et le développement identitaire des participant·e·s. Ces deux concepts sont également liés à d’autres facteurs impliqués dans les trajectoires de désistance des personnes rencontrées.
The neural dynamics of positive and negative expectations of pain
Authors: Wittkamp Christoph Arne , Wolf Maren-Isabel , Rose Michael
Published: December 2024

Pain is heavily modulated by expectations. Whereas the integration of expectations with sensory information has been examined in some detail, little is known about how positive and negative expectations are generated and their neural dynamics from generation over anticipation to the integration with sensory information. The present preregistered study employed a novel paradigm to induce positive and negative expectations on a trial-by-trial basis and examined the neural mechanisms using combined EEG-fMRI measurements (n=50). We observed substantially different neural representations between the anticipatory and the actual pain period. In the anticipation phase i.e., before the nociceptive input, the insular cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed increased activity for directed expectations regardless of their valence. Interestingly, a differentiation between positive and negative expectations within the majority of areas only occurred after the arrival of nociceptive information. FMRI-informed EEG analyses could reliably track the temporal sequence of processing showing an early effect in the DLPFC, followed by the anterior insula and late effects in the ACC. The observed effects indicate the involvement of different expectation-related subprocesses, including the transformation of visual information into a value signal that is maintained and differentiated according to its valence only during stimulus processing.
Effectiveness of a 12-week Periodised Recovery Programme on Muscle Performance and Mood States in Youth Athletes
Authors: Younger Liam , Cochrane Darryl
Published: December 2024

Background: Youth athletes experience high-intensity physical and mental stress during a competitive season. In athlete populations, accumulated stress and strain have been associated with contributing to levels of fatigue that decrease athletic performance. While deliberate heat and cold exposure have been prevalent to aid recovery, there is a lack of conclusive literature regarding the specific implementation, periodisation, and monitoring for optimal recovery in youth athletes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate external physical (lower-body muscular power), internal physical (rating of perceived exertion) and psychological (profile of mood states) outcome measures during a 12-week competitive first XV rugby season to determine the effectiveness of a deliberate heat and cold exposure intervention. Methods: A single-group repeated measure within-subjects design was performed with 29 male first XV rugby athletes (mean age 17.6 ± 0.6 years; mean body weight 87.5 ± 9.7 kg; mean height 182.2 ± 6.2 cm) who volunteered for this study. Countermovement jump (CMJ), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and profile of mood states (POMS) were recorded every fortnight over a 12-week competition. A total of two separate deliberate cold exposures (5°C for 5-minutes) and one deliberate heat exposure (100°C for 15-minutes) were administered weekly over the 12-week competitive season. Results: CMJ peak power (p = 0.759) and mean CMJ concentric power (p = 0.712) revealed no significant time effect. RPE presented a significant time effect (p 0.001). Among the ten POMS domains examined, eight domains did not show a significant time effect (p 0.05). However, the domains related to feeling sore or fatigued (p = 0.032) and excitement about competition (p 0.001) displayed significant time effects. Conclusion: The recovery intervention of two cold and one heat exposures did not directly improve changes in CMJ power or psychological states; however physical and psychological performance was maintained. Further research is necessary to understand the duration and frequency of using recovery strategies to improve the long-term effectiveness of young athletes.
Are Virtual Reality-Based, Non-Face-to-Face Interventions Effective for Patients with Social Phobia? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lee Mihyun , Park Seyeon , An Na , Jeong Hyun
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect size of anxiety and psychological outcomes of virtual reality interventions in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods: A total of 835 studies were initially identified, of which six were found to be suitable according to the PICO (P: Patients with social phobia, I: VR technology, C: non VR technology, O: Variables related to mental health). criteria. Results: An analysis of the effect size of these studies confirmed that virtual reality interventions were not statistically significantly effective for generalized anxiety disorder (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.84 to 1.15), but exhibited statistically significant effects for social anxiety (SMD=-0.56, 95% CI=-0.87 to -0.25) disorder and relational anxiety disorder (SMD -0.83, 95% CI=-1.49 to -0.16). Although these interventions were not statistically significantly effective for depression (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI=-0.84 to 0.04), they were effective in reducing negative emotions (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI=-1.20 to -0.31). Conclusion: Virtual reality interventions based on the desensitization effect may be considered a viable option for reducing anxiety disorders.
Disease Perception, Stigma, Distress, Physical Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Eun-Hee , Choi Dongwon
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.
10ª Escuela de Verano de Ecología de Navarra: Gestión de los paisajes forestales ante un mundo cambiante
Authors: Blanco Juan A. , Canals Rosa M.
Published: December 2024

El pasado 27 de junio de 2024 tuvo lugar la 10ª edición de la Escuela de Verano de Ecología de Navarra de la Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) con el título “Gestión de los paisajes forestales ante un mundo cambiante”. El curso se enfocó en el cambio que están sufriendo los paisajes forestales (tanto arbolados como no arbolados). Los paisajes forestales están experimentando de forma especialmente intensa los efectos del cambio global. La actividad humana que tiene lugar en dichos ambientes (gestión forestal, ganadera, pascícola y cinegética) está inmersa en un proceso de cambio y adaptación a las nuevas realidades derivadas de los efectos del cambio climático en combinación con el cambio de usos del suelo. En este curso se han planteado los nuevos escenarios paisajísticos y los retos para gestionarlos a corto y medio plazo.
G-Transmuted Pareto Distribution for Modeling Failure Time Data
Authors: El-Monsef Mohamed M.E. Abd , Hassan Mona A. , El-Ghamry Eman M.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate flexible and skewed families of transmuted distributions derived by introducing one or more additional parameters to a baseline distribution. Specifically, we propose a novel three-parameter G-Transmuted Pareto distribution. A comprehensive analysis of its mathematical properties is provided, alongside an evaluation of its reliability characteristics. Using real-world data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distribution in modeling and highlight its utility as a robust statistical tool for a real life practical application.
Cybercrime: Psychological Tricks and Computer Securities Challenges
Authors: Bundala Ntogwa Ng’habi
Published: December 2024

Several studies agree that traditional ways of preventing cybercrime, by applying common computer security techniques such as passwords, firewalls and anti-virus, are no longer effective tools/methods for preventing cybercrime. Moreover, the empirical studies evidence that the most effective cybercriminals’ technique is the phishing. Phishing is the cybercriminals means of entry or technique that devote both psychological and technical tricks to deceive the service users (individual or organizations) to become a victim of cybercrime. In that sense, the individual or organization (victim) became the enabler or catalyst of their own risk (cyberattack). The study established Psycho-Cybercrime Solution (PCS) algorithmic Model that detects psychological tricks in the phishing attack. The PCS model is the awareness and preventive model that provides the early warnings to the service users. The PCS model was tested in 40 e-mail messages, 20 from the author’s Gmail and 20 from Yahoo accounts and its results show the best fits. The study finds that the phishing attacks are psychologically and technically tricked. The common psychological tricks are fear, urgency, Authority, familiarity, curiosity, social proof, emotional appeal and trust, and the technical tricks are E-mail, Domain and DNS spoofing, URL manipulation and link shortening. Consequently, the study concluded that the phishing is the initiator or predecessor of other cybercrimes; it is a cybercriminal entry mean technique, which most cybercrimes start with phishing attacks. Hence the avoidance or prevention of phishing will consequently reduce the incidence of other cybercrimes. Therefore, we recommend the adaption of the PCS algorithmic model in cybercrime investigation and in community awareness campaign on cybersecurity issues. More specifics, cybersecurity stakeholders such as financial institutions, learning institutions, revenues authorities, communication service provider companies, healthcare centers, security organs, e.g., law enforcement organs and others to accommodate the PCS model their security strategy plans at their organizational levels. This will reduce the risks cyberattack and hence improve their organizational performance and customer trust.
Development and Preliminary Analysis of a Solar Dryer for Flour Dehydration
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Boukaré , OUEDRAOGO Azara , DERRA Moumouni , HEBIE Moumouni , PALM Kalifa , BAHIEBO Dieudonné Joseph
Published: December 2024

Until now, drying flour in full sunlight has been the technique most widely used in Burkina Faso. This method exposes the flour to numerous risks of poisoning, pollution, soiling and destruction of nutritional qualities. Despite this, there are very few documented solutions to the problem. This has prompted this work on the design and preliminary study of a solar dryer for drying flour. To this end, the design approach based on unfavourable periods was used to dimension the solar collector elements. The initial studies were carried out experimentally, starting with a no-load study and then a load study. As a result of this work, a two-in-one solar dryer was designed and built. It was able to heat the drying air to 65°C in unfavourable weather conditions. During drying, the temperature reached 58°C in forced convection. However, the average drying temperature was below the predefined drying temperature range (45-55°C). The drying speed was less than half that predicted. As a result, the drying time was 10 hours 20 minutes instead of the planned 4 hours. The water content lost through the flour reached 31.14% on rack 1, whereas it was assumed to be 25%.
The Effect of Thickness on the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient and Some Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Material Used in the Manufacture of Dentures
Authors: Yonis Enas G.
Published: December 2024

Different thickness samples of acrylic used in the manufacture of dentures were prepared, and the thermal conductivity was studied using the Lees disk experiment for all samples that were cast in the form of discs. We found that the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing thickness of the sample. The bending was also studied by calculating the values of the elastic modulus of the samples, and we found that the elastic modulus decreases with increasing thickness. Finally, the X-ray spectrum showed a group of peaks that correspond to pure acrylic material.
The Aftermath Of Diapers Absorbents On Soil PhysioChemical Properties And Its Influence On The Performance Of Crops (Maize) Yield In Obubra Local Government Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ejor Tangban Eji , Ashieta Aboh Andrew
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the environmental impacts of disposable diaper absorbents on soil physico-chemical
properties and their subsequent effects on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in Obubra Local Government Area, Cross
River State, Nigeria. The increasing use of disposable diapers, particularly in regions with inadequate waste
management, poses significant challenges to soil health due to the non-biodegradable nature of superabsorbent
polymers (SAPs) and other materials contained within these products.
We conducted a controlled experiment on sandy soil, analyzing various treatments with different levels of diaper
absorbents (0g, 40g, 80g, 120g, 160g, and 200g per 10kg of soil). Soil samples were collected and subjected to
standard physico-chemical analyses, including texture, pH, organic matter content, and nutrient availability.
Our findings reveal that moderate levels of diaper absorbents can maintain beneficial sand content while
increasing silt levels, which may enhance soil fertility and moisture retention. However, excessive application
(beyond 80g) leads to diminished sand percentages and potential long-term soil health issues, such as reduced
aeration and root growth inhibition. The pH of the soil across treatments ranged from 6.26 to 6.88, indicating a
generally favorable environment for maize cultivation.
This research highlights the need for sustainable waste management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of
disposable diaper waste on agricultural land. By providing insights into the complex interactions between diaper
absorbents and soil properties, our findings contribute to the broader discourse on agricultural sustainability and environmental health in developing regions. Further studies are recommended to explore the long-term ecological implications of diaper absorbents in agricultural contexts
Development Of Mutant From Lemon Leaves By Using Gamma Radiation And Leaf Cut Method Under Glass House And Field Condition
Authors: Farukh Murad Ahmed , Alam Md. Shamsul , Chowdhury Hridia Sultana , Islam Md. Rafiqul.
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture
(BINA), Mymensingh during the period from March 2024 to September 2024 to develop mutants from lemon
leaves by using gamma radiation and leaf cut method under glasshouse and field conditions to find out the
appropriate combination of irradiation dose and suitable environment on success, survivability, and growth of
lemon. The experiment was consisted of two factors such as Environmental condition: (i) glass house and field
condition and (ii) Nine gamma radiation levels (0 GY, 60 GY,80Gy,100Gy, 120 GY,140 GY,160 GY,180 GY and
200 GY).Mature leaves were collected from BINA Lebu-1 mother plants.Collected leaves were exposed by
different doses of gamma radiation separately with 60 GY, 80GY, 100 GY, 120 GY, 140 GY, 160 GY,180 GY,
200 GY, and also a control at BINA from 60Co gamma radiation sources. The experiment was laid out in RCBD
with three replications. Total 18 treatment combinations of the environmental condition and radiation levels.
Irradiated leaves of lemon were planted in the unit plots on 8 March 2023 in the afternoon with spacing of
15cmx15cm (row to row and leaf to leaf distance). Different environmental condition showed significantly
influenced on almost all the mentioned parameters studied concerned with growth and growth contributing
characteristics. The highest percentage of success and survivability was found in glass house condition and the
lowest % success and %survivability was found in field condition.The glasshouse condition producedhigher
number of roots(4.77), longer root length(9.24cm), diameter of shoot( 4.95mm), higher number of leaves per
plant(50.66) and field condition produced lower number of roots(3.55), smallest longer root length(7.14cm),
lower diameter of shoot(2.26mm), lower number of leaves(43.00) per plant compared to the field condition. The
application of 120GY irradiation level produced the highest number of roots (8.50), longest root length
(16.1cm),the highest diameter of shoot (5.65mm), andthe highest number of leaves per plant (70.00) as
compared to control. The combined effect of environmental condition and gamma radiations was statistically
significant on the success, survivability and growth.120GY irradiation level in glasshouse condition produced
the maximum roots (7.00), the longest root length (17.5.cm), the largest diameter of shoot (4.80mm), highest
canopy volume (0.12m3
) and the maximum leaves per plant (73.00). Similarly, the lowest values were in respect
of almost all the mentioned parameters were found at field condition with control treatment. Therefore, the overall results indicate that glasshouse condition with 120 GY might be an efficient and eligible practice for developing mutant from leaves
Synthesis, And Characterization Of Five New Metal Transition Complexes Derived From The Schiff Base Ligand N' 1 ,N' 4 -Bis(2- Hydroxybenzylidene)Succinohydrazide (H4L)
Authors: Seck Gorgui Awa , Gueye Mbossé Ndiaye , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadji , Diouf Ousmane , Sall Abdou Salam , Gaye Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Schiff base ligand N'1
,N'4
-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)succinohydrazide (H4L) was synthesized via condensation of
salicylaldehyde and succinohydrazide in ethanol. The complexes were obtained from 1:2:1
(H4L/LiOH/MCl2
.nH2O) molar ratio reactions, yielding compound formulated as [M2(H2L)2]
.nH2O, where
M=Mn(II, Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). Elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR and UV-Visible
spectroscopies were used for the characterization of the ligand. The complexes were structurally studied using
FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopies, conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All complexes are
non-electrolytes in DMF solutions. In each complex unit two ligand molecules acting in hexadentate fashion
bridges two metal ions are present. Thus, each metal ion of the binuclear unit is coordinated to two azomethine
nitrogen atoms, two phenolate oxygen atoms and two carbonyl oxygen atoms, resulting in a hexacoordinated metal ion. The environment around each metal ion is described as octahedral geometry owing to the results of the magnetic susceptibility measurement and the UV-visible spectra analyses.
PES1 is regulated by CD44 in liver cancer stem cells via miR‐105‐5p
Authors: Wei Shiruo , Liu Kaiyu , He Qihua , Gao Yi , Shen Li
Published: May 2019

Pescadillo (PES1) is a key molecule for ribosome formation in mammalian cells. In this study, human hepatoma C3A cells were reprogrammed by four transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc, into induced cancer stem cells, termed C3A‐induced cancer stem cells (C3A‐iCSCs). We found that PES1 was up‐regulated in C3A‐iCSCs and promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, the cancer stem cell marker CD44, which is located in the cytomembrane, translocated to the nucleus and was up‐regulated in C3A‐iCSCs. Our results suggest that CD44 has a negative effect on miR‐105‐5p. We found that PES1 is a direct target of, and was negatively regulated by, miR‐105‐5p. In summary, CD44 regulates PES1 in liver cancer stem cells via miR‐105‐5p to promote cell growth.
RNA‐seq‐based selection of reference genes for RT‐qPCR analysis of pitaya
Authors: Nong Quandong , Yang Yongchao , Zhang Mingyong , Zhang Mei , Chen Jiantong , Jian Shuguang , Lu Hongfang , Xia Kuaifei
Published: May 2019

Reverse‐transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) is a primary tool for measuring gene expression levels, and selection of appropriate reference genes is crucial for accurate and reproducible results of gene expression under various experimental conditions. However, no systematic evaluation of reference genes in pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Britt.) has been performed. Here, we examined the expression of five candidate reference genes, namely elongation factor 1‐alpha (HuEF1‐α), 18S ribosomal RNA (Hu18S rRNA), ubiquitin (HuUBQ), actin (HuACT), and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (HuUQT), under different conditions in pitaya. The expression stabilities of these five genes were evaluated using two computation programs: geNorm and NormFinder. The results were further validated by normalizing the expression of the phosphoglycerate kinase (HuPGK) and ethylene‐responsive transcription factor (HuERF) genes. Our results indicate that combined use of HuUBQ and HuUQT is the most stable reference under all of the experimental conditions examined. HuEF1‐α, HuUBQ, and HuUQT are the top three most stable reference genes under salt stress, drought stress, and heat stress, and across different cultivars. HuEF1‐α, HuACT, and HuUQT exhibited the most stable expression patterns across different tissues. Our results will allow researchers to select the most appropriate reference genes for gene expression studies of pitaya under different conditions.
Familial Aggregation of Childhood‐ and Adulthood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sinicato Nailú Angélica , de Oliveira Luciana , Lapa AlineTamires , Postal Mariana , Peliçari Karinade Oliveira , Costallat Lilian T. L. , Marini Roberto , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera Lúcia , Niewold Timothy B. , Appenzeller Simone
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess the familial occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large Brazilian cohort.

Methods

Consecutive patients with SLE were recruited and stratified according to age at disease onset into childhood‐onset SLE or adult‐onset SLE. Each patient was personally interviewed regarding the history of SLE across 3 generations (first‐, second‐, and third‐degree relatives). Recurrence rates were analyzed for each degree of relation.

Results

We included 392 patients with SLE (112 with childhood‐onset SLE and 280 with adult‐onset SLE). We identified 2,574 first‐degree relatives, 5,490 second‐degree relatives, and 6,805 third‐degree relatives. In the combined overall SLE cohort, we observed a familial SLE recurrence rate of 19.4 in first‐degree relatives, 5.4 in second‐degree relatives, and 3.0 in third‐degree relatives. Recurrence rates were higher for first‐ and second‐degree relatives of patients with childhood‐onset SLE than for first‐ and second‐degree relatives of patients with adult‐onset SLE (25.2 versus 18.4 for first‐degree, and 8.5 versus 4.5 for second‐degree), while in third‐degree relatives, recurrence rates were higher in adult‐onset SLE than in childhood‐onset SLE (P = 2.2 × 10–4 for differences in recurrence proportions between childhood‐onset SLE and adult‐onset SLE). There were no phenotypic differences in patients from multicase versus single‐case families, and there was no sex‐skewing observed in the offspring of patients with SLE.

Conclusion

The greater decline in SLE recurrence rate by generation in childhood‐onset SLE versus adult‐onset SLE suggests a more polygenic and epistatic inheritance and suggests that adult‐onset SLE may be characterized by fewer risk factors that are individually stronger. This finding suggests a higher genetic load in childhood‐onset SLE versus adult‐onset SLE and a difference in the genetic architecture of the disease based on age at onset.
Formation Mechanism of Epitaxial Palladium–Platinum Core–Shell Nanocatalysts in a One‐Step Supercritical Synthesis
Authors: Broge Nils L. N. , Søndergaard‐Pedersen Frederik , Sommer Sanna , Iversen Bo B.
Published: May 2019

The scarcity of platinum group metals provides a strong incentive to optimize the catalytic activity and stability, e.g., through nanoalloys or core–shell nanoparticles. Here, time‐resolved X‐ray total scattering and transmission electron microscopy characterization are used to study the formation of palladium–platinum core–shell nanoparticles under solvothermal conditions. It is shown that Pd rapidly forms small (5–10 nm), disordered primary particles, which agglomerate and crystallize when reaching 20–25 nm. The primary Pd particles provide nucleation sites for Pt, and, with extended reaction time, the Pd cores become fully covered with Pt shells. The observed core–shell material is surprising when considering the Pt–Pd phase diagram and relative surface energies, but it can be rationalized through the kinetics of precursor conversion. To bridge the gap between scientific studies and industrial demand for large‐scale production, the synthesis process is successfully transferred to a continuous flow supercritical reactor providing a simple scalable and green process for production of bimetallic nanocatalysts.
Stimulated Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity of MOF‐Derived MoS2 Basal Domains via Charge Injection through Surface Functionalization and Heteroatom Doping
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Yang Tong , Du Yonghua , Yu Xiaojiang , Feng Yuan Ping , Shen Lei , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: May 2019

The design of MoS2‐based electrocatalysts with exceptional reactivity and robustness remains a challenge due to thermodynamic instability of active phases and catalytic passiveness of basal planes. This study details a viable in situ reconstruction of zinc–nitrogen coordinated cobalt–molybdenum disulfide from structure directing metal–organic framework (MOF) to constitute specific heteroatomic coordination and surface ligand functionalization. Comprehensive experimental spectroscopic studies and first‐principle calculations reveal that the rationally designed electron‐rich centers warrant efficient charge injection to the inert MoS2 basal planes and augment the electronic structure of the inactive sites. The zinc–nitrogen coordinated cobalt–molybdenum disulfide shows exceptional catalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 72.6 mV at −10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 37.6 mV dec−1. The present study opens up a new opportunity to stimulate catalytic activity of the in‐plane MoS2 basal domains for enhanced electrochemistry and redox reactivity through a “molecular reassembly‐to‐heteroatomic coordination and surface ligand functionalization” based on highly adaptable MOF template.
Asymptomatic vs symptomatic septal perforations: a computational fluid dynamics examination
Authors: Li Chengyu , Maza Guillermo , Farag Alexander A. , Krebs Jillian P. , Deshpande Bhakthi , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai
Published: May 2019

Background

A nasal septal perforation (NSP) can lead to frustrating symptoms for some patients while remaining completely asymptomatic for others, without a clear mechanism differentiating them.

Methods

We applied individual computed tomography (CT)‐based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the nasal aerodynamics differences between 5 asymptomatic and 15 symptomatic NSP patients. Patients’ symptoms were confirmed through interviews, 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test score (asymptomatic, 25 ± 18.8; symptomatic, 53.7 ± 18.2), nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score (asymptomatic, 28.0 ± 32.1; symptomatic, 62.2 ± 32.2), and review of medical history.

Results

No statistical differences were found in perforation location, size (asymptomatic, 1.94 ± 1.88 cm2; symptomatic, 1.36 ± 1.44 cm2), nasal resistance (asymptomatic, 0.059 ± 0.012 Pa·s/mL; symptomatic, 0.063 ± 0.022 Pa·s/mL), and computed flow rate shunting across the perforation (asymptomatic, 52.9 ± 30.9 mL/s; symptomatic, 27.4 ± 23.6 mL/s; p > 0.05). However, symptomatic patients had significantly higher wall shear stress (WSS) and heat flux, especially along the posterior perforation margin (WSS, 0.54 ± 0.12 vs 1.15 ± 0.49 Pa, p < 0.001; heat flux, 0.21 ± 0.05 vs 0.37 ± 0.14 W/cm2, p < 0.01). A WSS cutoff at 0.72 Pa can separate asymptomatic vs symptomatic NSP with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Flow visualization showed flow peaks toward the posterior margin that may be responsible for the high WSS and heat flux among symptomatic NSPs.

Conclusion

This study is the first CFD examination of asymptomatic and symptomatic NSP with regional aerodynamics and stress abnormalities, beyond size or location, being implicated as the mechanism behind the symptomology of NSP. This finding could serve as an objective basis for future personalized treatment decisions and optimization.
Facile preparation and synergy study of DMC/ZnGA composite catalyst for the synthesis of oligo (propylene‐carbonate) diols
Authors: An Na , Li Qifeng , Yin Ning , Kang Maoqing , Wang Junwei
Published: May 2019

To overcome the weak carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion ability of Zn‐Co double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, zinc glutarate (ZnGA) catalyst was introduced into the DMC catalytic system and applied for the synthesis of oligo (propylene‐carbonate) diols. The DMC/ZnGA composite catalyst (mass ratio = 10:1) exhibited an excellent synergistic effect which had enhanced CO2 activation ability, high yield and good selectivity. In copolymerization process, ZnGA catalyst not only provided activated CO2 for DMC catalyst, but also transferred the propagating chain with more alternating structures to DMC catalyst. Both of the two effects increased the carbonate content in the final products. Overall, DMC catalyst dedicated to the polymer chain growth, while the increased CO2 conversion mainly attributed to ZnGA catalyst. Oligo (propylene‐carbonate) diols with carbonate unit content of 45.1 mol%, Mn of 1228 g/mol, WPC of 4.3 wt% and high yield of 1689 g/g cat was obtained.
Advances and Challenges for Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries using Redox Mediators
Authors: Zhao Wenjia , Mu Xiaowei , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: May 2019

Rechargeable aprotic Li−O2 batteries that can deliver extremely high energy density have attracted worldwide attention. However, the practical use of this promising technology is hindered by an unsatisfactory cycling life and inferior energy efficiency (high discharge/charge voltage gap), although significant progress has been made in this area in the last decade. Recent reports indicate that soluble catalysts or redox mediators dissolved in aprotic electrolytes can catalyze Li2O2 decomposition and reduce the voltage gap between O2 reduction reaction and O2 evolution reaction. Here, a specific review on a series of suitable soluble catalysts for Li−O2 batteries is provided. This review will highlight the underpinning chemistry and electrochemistry mechanisms of Li−O2 batteries, as well as the recent progress and challenges of soluble catalysts, with the aim of motivating researchers to further explore applications in Li−O2 cells and other energy storage and conversion systems.
Structure‐Sensitivity and Electrolyte Effects in CO2 Electroreduction: From Model Studies to Applications
Authors: Sebastián‐Pascual Paula , Mezzavilla Stefano , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Escudero‐Escribano María
Published: May 2019

Aiming to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions, there is an urgent demand to develop more efficient and affordable technologies which convert CO2 into valuable feedstock molecules. The use of renewable electricity is a promising and sustainable approach to overcome this environmental issue, while producing valuable chemicals and clean fuels. However, the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) still shows two main gaps: poor selectivity and required large overpotentials make the process not profitable enough. To overcome these challenges, model studies on single‐crystalline surfaces aiming to find the relations between surface structure/electrolyte interactions and activity/selectivity are necessary. In these model studies, tuning the electrolyte composition is also key for the fundamental understanding of the CO2RR. In this review, we first discuss the structure‐activity‐selectivity relations from studies on well‐ordered surfaces, i. e., single crystalline electrodes, for the CO2RR. We then summarise the role of the electrolyte, presenting work on classical aqueous solvents as well as non‐aqueous electrolytes such as ionic liquids. We illustrate the importance of carrying out studies on well‐defined electrified interfaces in order to get deep fundamental insights on the mechanism of the CO2RR, as well as scaling the process for real applications. Ultimately, this knowledge will be essential to rationally design the catalyst with tailored activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Triggered Oxa‐Michael Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Eastman Harry , Ryan James , Maciá Beatriz , Caprio Vittorio , O'Reilly Elaine
Published: May 2019

An alcohol dehydrogenase‐mediated asymmetric reduction and subsequent intramolecular oxa‐Michael reaction has been developed for the preparation of tetrahydropyrans (or oxanes) and tetrahydrofurans, in excellent conversion, yield and high enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess. To highlight the utility of the methodology, we report the synthesis of an analogue of the fungal antioxidant brocaketone A. Also described is the preparation of the (–)‐(R,R)‐enantiomer of the natural product, (+)‐(S,S)‐(cis‐6‐methyltetrahydropyran‐2‐yl)acetic acid.
Dihydrogen Splitting by Intramolecular Borane‐Phosphane Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Comprehensive Characterization Strategy Using Solid State NMR and DFT Calculations
Authors: Knitsch Robert , Özgün Thomas , Chen Guo‐Qiang , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard , Hansen Michael Ryan , Eckert Hellmut
Published: May 2019

Four hydrogenated intramolecular phosphane‐borane frustrated Lewis pair (B/P FLP) compounds bearing unsaturated cyclic or aromatic carbon backbones have been synthesized and structurally characterized using 11B, 31P, 1H and 2H solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of the spectra with those of the corresponding free B/P FLPs shows that both 11B isotropic chemical shifts as well as nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling constants decrease significantly upon FLP hydrogenation, revealing the breakage of the partial B−P bond present in the starting materials. Likewise, the 31P isotropic chemical shift, the chemical shift anisotropy, and the asymmetry parameter decrease significantly upon FLP hydrogenation, reflecting the formation of a more symmetric, C3v‐like local environment. 11B{31P} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments can be used to measure the B−P internuclear distance (about 3.2 Å) of these compounds. Observation of the hydrogen atoms bound to the Lewis centers is best accomplished via 31P{1H} and 11B{1H} cross‐polarization‐heteronuclear correlation experiments or by direct observation of the 2H MAS NMR signals on especially prepared FLP‐D2 adducts. For accurately measuring the phosphorus‐deuterium distance via 31P{2H} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR), it is essential to take the secondary dipolar coupling of 31P with the boron‐bonded 2H nuclei explicitly into consideration, by simulating a 2HP‐31P‐2HB three‐spin system based on structural input. All of the experimental NMR interaction parameters are found in excellent agreement with values calculated by DFT methods, using the geometries obtained either by energy optimization or from single‐crystal structures.
A Reversible Rhodamine B Based pH Probe with Large Pseudo‐Stokes Shift
Authors: Bao Guochen , Wong Ka‐Leung , Tanner Peter A.
Published: May 2019

A reversible and sensitive pH probe DPE−Rh operates by Förster resonance energy transfer from 1,2‐diphenylethyne (DPE) to Rhodamine B (Rh). In the presence of H+, the spirolactam ring of the Rhodamine B unit was opened and this resulted in ca. 1000‐fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity with linear change over the pH range of 2.0 to 5.5. The Förster resonance energy transfer offered this probe an effective excitation–emission wavelength shift of around 240 nm with about 100 % quenching of the donor emission. The response of the sensor is tolerant towards a wide range of metal ions and the sensing mechanism was deduced by 1H NMR spectrometry. This FRET‐based molecule not only provides a sensitive pH probe, but also suggests an effective strategy to eliminate the interference of excitation light.
3D Branched Ca‐Fe2O3/Fe2O3 Decorated with Pt and Co‐Pi: Improved Charge‐Separation Dynamics and Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Zhifeng , Guo Zhengang , Ruan Mengnan , Yan Weiguo
Published: May 2019

The construction of junctions on hematite is an effective way to overcome the problems of slow charge separation and transfer kinetics, but constructing the junction is a significant challenge in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, a considerable improvement in PEC performance for α‐Fe2O3 was achieved following the introduction of a p–n homojunction between n‐type α‐Fe2O3 and p‐type Ca‐doped α‐Fe2O3 through a facile hydrothermal method. The resultant 3D branched Ca‐Fe2O3/Fe2O3 enhanced the absorption intensity and reached a photocurrent density of 2.14 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The merit of the desired lattice matching of the buried p–n homojunction structure built an internal electric field, which led to appropriate band alignment. These results were supported by a series of photoelectrochemical measurements, in particular, surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements. For further improvement of the charge‐separation efficiency, a combination of separated cocatalysts was established on the homojunction structure, in which Pt acted as the electron collector and was deposited on the bottom, and Co‐Pi as the hole‐extraction cocatalyst was inserted to accelerate hole transfer on the surface of the photoanode. The resulting Co‐Pi/Ca‐Fe2O3/Fe2O3/Pt branched nanorods showed a significant improvement in charge‐separation efficiency and photocurrent density (2.94 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE). The present strategy, both the construction of the p–n homojunction and the coupling electron‐ and hole‐transfer cocatalyst, could be expanded to many unstable or low‐efficiency semiconductors for the design and fabrication of cost‐effective photoanodes in PEC water splitting.