bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Preoperative Inflammatory Blood Cell Indexes as a Postoperative Risk Predictor Among Patients Undergoing On‐Pump Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Rödel Ana Paula Porto , Fernandes Yasmin Machado , Brisolara João Victor , De Carvalho José Antonio Mainardi , Moresco Rafael Noal
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Estimating patient risk before heart surgery (HS) is crucial. Perioperative inflammation is associated with several complications and mortality. This study investigated blood cell count inflammatory indices (BCCII) to predict risks, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derivate NLR (DNLR), neutrophil‐to‐platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (NLPR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Reaction Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI).

Methods

Data from a cohort of patients undergoing on‐pump HS at a single center in Brazil were retrospectively analyzed. Data were obtained from medical records and a laboratory analyzer, and SPSS version 20.0 was used for index calculations and statistical analyses.

Results

In total, 444 surgeries were performed, and 40 in‐hospital deaths occurred. Except for PLR, all other indexes were independent predictors of death after multivariate adjustment (all p < 0.05). Discrimination performance was absent for PLR and AISI, and NLR, NLPR, and DNLR demonstrated the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC > 0.7; all p < 0.0001). For survivors (n = 404), all indexes exhibited a correlation with the length of hospital stay (all p < 0.03), and NLR, NLPR, and DNLR were predictors (p < 0.026) of poor operative outcomes (acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular attack, cardiac arrest, low cardiac output, prolonged mechanical ventilation, renal failure, and sepsis).

Conclusions

All BCCII scores were associated with length of hospital stay. Apart from PLR, all indexes were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Accuracy was highest for NLR, NLPR, and DNLR; for survivors, these three factors were good predictors of poor operative outcomes.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: Implications for Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
Authors: Aden Durre , Sureka Niti , Zaheer Samreen , Chaurasia Jai Kumar , Zaheer Sufian
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterised by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. One hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to undergo metabolic reprogramming, which allows them to sustain their rapid growth and survival. This metabolic reprogramming creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment that facilitates tumour progression and evasion of the immune system. In this article, we review the mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and discuss how these metabolic alterations contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells to enhance immune‐mediated anti‐tumour responses.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02044861, NCT03163667, NCT04265534, NCT02071927, NCT02903914, NCT03314935, NCT03361228, NCT03048500, NCT03311308, NCT03800602, NCT04414540, NCT02771626, NCT03994744, NCT03229278, NCT04899921
Being a nurse during an earthquake that affected ten provinces: A qualitative study on experiences and expectations
Authors: Şermet Kaya Şenay , Gülnur Erdoğan Eylül
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study was conducted to determine the professional experiences and future expectations of nurses working in the most damaged areas during the first two weeks of the 2023 Turkey earthquake.

Background

The increase in the frequency and severity of disasters in recent years has strongly shown that nurses must be prepared to respond to all disasters. To prepare for disasters that require a multifaceted approach, the experiences of nurses serving in disasters should not be ignored.

Methods

A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in this research. The study included 18 nurses who worked in the first two weeks of the disaster. Data were collected through semistructured in‐depth interviews between April and May 2023.

Results

Four themes were identified from the analysis of the data: (1) personal challenges, (2) organizational challenges, (3) nursing during the disaster, and (4) expectations.

Conclusions

The results showed that nurses needed psychosocial support intervention skills in disasters and that their psychological preparation and knowledge levels for disasters were insufficient. In addition, the study revealed that organizational preparation was inadequate and that all these factors affected nursing care.

Implications for nursing and health policy

The knowledge and skills that nurses need for professional disaster management can be provided by updating undergraduate education, in‐service training procedures, and related policies. Considering that ideal disaster management is possible with a multidisciplinary team, it is recommended that national disaster policies be reviewed.
Genomic Prediction and Genome‐Wide Association Studies for Productivity, Conformation and Heat Tolerance Traits in Tropical Smallholder Dairy Cows
Authors: Bang Nguyen N. , Hayes Ben J. , Lyons Russell E. , Randhawa Imtiaz A. S. , Gaughan John B. , Trach Nguyen X. , McNeill David M.
Published: October 2024

Genomic selection (GS) and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have not been investigated in Vietnamese dairy cattle, even for basic milk production traits, largely due to the scarcity of individual phenotype recording in smallholder dairy farms (SDFs). This study aimed to estimate heritability (h2) and test the applicability of GS and GWAS for milk production, body conformation and novel heat tolerance traits using single test day phenotypic data. Thirty‐two SDFs located in either the north (a lowland vs. a highland) or the south (a lowland vs. a highland) of Vietnam were each visited for an afternoon and the next morning to collect phenotype data of all lactating cows (n = 345). Tail hair from each cow was sampled for subsequent genotyping with a 50K SNP chip at that same visit. Milk production traits (single‐test day) were milk yield (MILK, kg/cow/day), energy corrected milk yield adjusted for body weight (ECMbw, kg/100 kg BW/day), fat (mFA, %), protein (mPR, %) and dry matter (mDM, %). Conformation traits were body weight (BW, kg) and body condition score (BCS, 1 = thin to 5 = obese). Heat tolerance traits were panting score (PS, 0 = normal to 4.5 = extremely heat‐stressed) and infrared temperatures (IRTs, °C) at 11 areas on the external body surface of the cow (inner vulval lip, outer vulval surface, inner tail base surface, ocular area, muzzle, armpit area, paralumbar fossa area, fore udder, rear udder, forehoof and hind hoof), assessed by an Infrared Camera. Univariate linear mixed models and a 10‐fold cross‐validation approach were applied for GS. Univariate single SNP mixed linear models were applied for the GWAS. Estimated h2 (using the genotype information to build relationships among animals) were moderate (0.20–0.37) for ECMbw, mFA, mPR, mRE, BW, BCS and IRT at rear udder; low (0.08–0.19) for PS and other IRTs; and very low (≤ 0.07) for MILK, ECM and mDM. Accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) was low (≤ 0.12) for MILK, ECM, mDM and IRT at hind hoof; and moderate to high (0.32–0.46) for all other traits. The most significant regions on chromosomes (BTA) associated with milk production traits were 0.47–1.18 Mb on BTA14. Moderate to high h2 and moderate accuracies of GEBVs for mFA, mPR, ECMbw, BCS, BW, PS and IRTs at rear udder and outer vulval surface suggested that GS using single test day phenotypic data could be applied for these traits. However, a greater sample size is required to decrease the bias of GEBVs by GS and increase the power of detecting significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by GWAS.
Spatial Connectivity Through Mountains and Deserts Drove South American Scorpions Dispersal
Authors: Barraza Jeison M. , Avaria‐Llautureo Jorge , Rivadeneira Marcelo M.
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to infer the geographic dispersal paths and the environmental conditions that shaped the historical biogeography of Brachistosternus scorpions in South America. We evaluated the role that altitude and aridity had on the geographic distance that each species dispersed from the location of the genus common ancestor. Based on the previous studies, we evaluated the hypothesis postulating that species geographic expansion was promoted by arid conditions in high altitudes.

Location

South America.

Taxon

Brachistosternus genus.

Methods

We integrated two methodological approaches in this study, the phylogenetic Geographical model and the Conductance model, considering the uncertainty associated with the phylogenetic relationship and the species classification. The Geo model infers the locations of ancestral species in a phylogenetic tree, assuming a spherical space and using samples of georeferenced locations for every species as input data. It allows us to estimate the species dispersal routes and distances from the location of the genus common ancestor. The Conductance model is based on the circuit theory and infers the geographic route and distance of least resistance between an origin and destination point. We defined the origin as the location of the genus common ancestor obtained from the Geo model and a destination point as the current geographic location of each species. This model infers the geographic routes with the least cost of resistance for dispersal in a landscape of varying altitude and aridity. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the two dispersal distances each species have moved from the location of the common ancestor, that is, the distance inferred from the Geo model and from the Conductance model.

Results

The Geo model shows that Brachistosternus's geographical origin was most likely along the coast of south Peru, and central Chile. From this location, extant species dispersed thorough routes ranging from 873 to 2800 km in average. The Conductance model that considers the routes with least resistance to elevation and aridity simulated dispersal distances that are highly correlated with the species dispersal distances obtained from the Geo model.

Main Conclusions

We revealed the geographic dispersal routes, with the least resistance to the pressures imposed by changes in altitude and aridity, that 55 species of scorpions have probably followed in the last 30 million years in South America. These geographic routes that went along the Andean Mountains and the arid zones of South America shaped the current spatial distribution of the genus Brachistosternus.
Roads and Woody Vegetation Structure Are Associated With Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Occurrence at Its Northern Range Limit
Authors: Lindshield Stacy , Ontl Kelly Boyer , Gašperšič Maja , Goudiaby Assane , Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Tappan Gray , Tombak Kaia J. , Wessling Erin , Pruetz Jill D.
Published: October 2024

Aim

The purported defining features of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) biogeography are sometimes simplistic and contradictory, yet we rely on these metrics to shape conservation and management planning for this endangered ape. We analysed the cover and configuration of woody vegetation at the northern margins of the species' range in Senegal to elucidate key predictors of chimpanzee biogeography.

Location

Southeastern Senegal.

Taxa

Western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).

Methods

We combined reconnaissance surveys and interviews with published accounts of chimpanzee presence to verify previous estimates of the range limits of the species. High‐resolution, multispectral satellite images were used to quantify the configuration of trees and shrubs at each site. Woody vegetation cover and physiognomy, river density and road density were compared within and outside of the species range with generalised linear mixed models.

Results

Our surveys and interviews support the current estimates of the northern limits of the species range. Chimpanzee‐occupied sites had more patchily‐distributed vegetation, greater patch edge complexity, and slightly higher river density than unoccupied sites. Unoccupied sites had more woody vegetation cover and higher road density. Of all predictors, roads had the highest impact on chimpanzee occupancy.

Main Conclusions

In line with previous findings, anthropogenic modifications of the landscape had a strong impact on chimpanzee occupancy, but surprisingly, woody vegetation cover was negatively associated with chimpanzee occupancy in this region. Instead, more specific metrics of vegetation configuration were positively associated with chimpanzee site occupancy, indicating that precise measures are needed for assessing chimpanzee biogeography at the landscape scale.
Phylogenetic Insights Into Canidae Trait Variation Across Continents
Authors: Porto Lucas M. V. , Machado Arielli F.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Understanding the spatial structuring of ecological communities involves considering the interplay between evolutionary history and environmental factors. This study investigates how the phylogenetic structure of Canidae influences the geographical distribution and trait patterns of lineages globally, and how these patterns relate to Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules.

Location

Americas, Africa, Eurasia.

Time Period

12 million years ago—present.

Major Taxa Studied

Canidae.

Methods

Using distribution data and phylogenetic information for 37 Canidae species, we analysed key ecological, functional and evolutionary variables. We applied phylogenetic fuzzy‐weighting via principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure (PCPS) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) to assess the contributions of phylogenetic structure and environmental factors to trait variation among species.

Results

Our results revealed distinct global patterns in body size, body weight, range size, habitat use and evolutionary distinctiveness among lineages. We also identified the shared contributions of phylogenetic structure and temperature to trait variation using variance partitioning analysis. The PCPS axes highlighted the influence of phylogenetic relationships on Canidae assemblages, particularly in South America.

Main Conclusions

Importantly, the study challenges the applicability of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules across continents. The unique diversification history of Canidae in South America and Africa and their diverse environmental conditions likely contribute to the observed trait patterns that make both continents so distinguished when compared to North America and Eurasia. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate phylogenetic information in models assessing trait variation across geographic scales for unbiased estimates.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals BZW1's regulation of EMT via the Wnt pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lai Wei , Ping Zhou , Chen Yun , Wang Junrong , Liu Yuyan , Zou Shishi , Wang Jieweng , Zhang Tianyu , Ren Wei , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Exploring the role of novel cancer gene BZW1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and unveiling associated signalling pathways. Firstly, we conducted a pan‐cancer analysis of BZW1 using multiple databases. Subsequently, leveraging single‐cell data from LUAD, we successfully uncovered potential oncological processes associated with BZW1 and further validated them through experimentation. Simultaneously, we continued to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the oncological processes mediated by BZW1. Additionally, we employed various machine learning algorithms to construct prognostic models concerning BZW1 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Our research firstly demonstrated the elevated expression of BZW1 in various cancer cells. Leveraging single‐cell data from LUAD, we identified that BZW1 regulates the occurrence of EMT in LUAD, a phenomenon validated across multiple LUAD cell lines. Moreover, we further discovered that BZW1 regulates LUAD's EMT process through the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Lastly, we successfully constructed prognostic models using BZW1‐related genes and EMT genes.
Puerarin alleviates apoptosis and inflammation in kidney stone cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Xu Yuexian , Liang Hu , Mao Xike , Song Zhenyu , Shen Xudong , Ge Defeng , Chen Yang , Hou Bingbing , Hao Zongyao
Published: October 2024

Puerarin(PUE), an isoflavonoid extracted from Pueraria root, has anti‐apoptotic effects. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of PUE on renal apoptosis and inflammation resulting from renal calculi and to elucidate its mechanism. The approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking was employed to discover potential targets and pathways of PUE. An animal model of calcium oxalate crystal deposition by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate and a model of COM‐induced human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were used to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of PUE against apoptosis and inflammation. We used haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Periodic Acid‐Schiff staining (PAS) to assess the effect of PUE on crystal deposition and damage. The mechanism of PUE was elucidated and validated using Western blotting, histology and immunohistochemical staining. Network pharmacology findings indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a crucial role in PUE. We experimentally demonstrate that PUE alleviated COM‐induced changes in apoptotic proteins, increased inflammatory indicators and changes in oxidative stress‐related indicators in HK2 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels in mice caused by CaOx, alleviated crystal deposition and damage, and alleviated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Puerarin attenuates renal apoptosis and inflammation caused by kidney stones through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Authors: Meyle Joerg , Lambert France , Winning Lewis , Bertl Kristina , Bruckmann Corinna , Biosse Duplan Martin , Harrison Peter , Laleman Isabelle , Mattheos Nikos , Molina Ana , Stavropoulos Andreas , de Waal Yvonne C. M. , Yousfi Haitam , Dommisch Henrik , Polyzois Ioannis , Kebschull Moritz
Published: October 2024

Aim

To (i) evaluate structured postgraduate part‐time programs in periodontology, including those addressing peri‐implant diseases, among members of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), (ii) the impact of the 2018 classification scheme and EFP clinical practice guidelines and (iii) propose a framework for periodontal vocational education and training.

Materials and Methods

A summary of relevant European guidelines for vocational education and training was compiled. In a survey and in a systematic review, current part‐time programs in continuing professional education in periodontology as well as in prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases were examined. The implementation and dissemination of the 2018 classification scheme and the EFP clinical practice guidelines were assessed by literature analysis. Based on these findings, a framework for periodontal vocational education and training was generated.

Results

Part‐time programs for professional development in periodontology are established in nine EFP member countries. The systematic review identified lack of knowledge in prevention and management of peri‐implant diseases among dental practitioners and hygienists. Continuing professional development was found to be important for education in prevention, classification and management of periodontal as well as peri‐implant diseases. The proposed European framework consists of an escalator model with three levels (certificate, diploma and master).

Discussion

Considering the identified variation in the national programs, there is a need to improve education in periodontal and peri‐implant diseases. The proposed framework will help harmonize the national structures.

Conclusion

The proposed framework for part‐time professional development is expected to enhance professional qualification.
Childhood trajectories of emotional and behavioral difficulties are related to polygenic liability for mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Bakken Nora R. , Parker Nadine , Hannigan Laurie J. , Hagen Espen , Parekh Pravesh , Shadrin Alexey , Jaholkowski Piotr , Frei Evgeniia , Birkenæs Viktoria , Hindley Guy , Hegemann Laura , Corfield Elizabeth C. , Tesli Martin , Havdahl Alexandra , Andreassen Ole A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Symptoms related to mood and anxiety disorders (emotional disorders) often present in childhood and adolescence. Some of the genetic liability for mental disorders, and emotional and behavioral difficulties seems to be shared. Yet, it is unclear how genetic liability for emotional disorders and related traits influence trajectories of childhood behavioral and emotional difficulties, and if specific developmental patterns are associated with higher genetic liability for these disorders.

Methods

This study uses data from a genotyped sample of children (n = 54,839) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We use latent growth models (1.5–5 years) and latent profile analyses (1.5–8 years) to quantify childhood trajectories and profiles of emotional and behavioral difficulties and diagnoses. We examine associations between these trajectories and profiles with polygenic scores for bipolar disorder (PGSBD), anxiety (PGSANX), depression (PGSDEP), and neuroticism (PGSNEUR).

Results

Associations between PGSDEP, PGSANX, and PGSNEUR, and emotional and behavioral difficulties in childhood were more persistent than age‐specific across early childhood (1.5–5 years). Higher PGSANX and PGSDEP were associated with steeper increases in behavioral difficulties across early childhood. Latent profile analyses identified five profiles with different associations with emotional disorder diagnosis. All PGS were associated with the probability of classification into profiles characterized by some form of difficulties (vs. a normative reference profile), but only PGSBD was uniquely associated with a single developmental profile.

Conclusions

Genetic risk for mood disorders and related traits contribute to both a higher baseline level of, and a more rapid increase in, emotional and behavioral difficulties across early and middle childhood, with some indications for disorder‐specific profiles. Our findings may inform research on developmental pathways to emotional disorders and the improvement of initiatives for early identification and targeted intervention.
Physiological traits and population dynamics of Schizothorax niger (Heckel, 1838): Insights from Dal Lake and the Jhelum River, Kashmir, Himalayan region
Authors: Karthik Narayanan , Bhat Farooz Ahmad , Qayoom Imtiyaz , Jayakumar N. , Sudhan C. , Seenivasan P. , Meril Divya , Mohd Ishrat , Mattoo Asra
Published: October 2024

This study examines the physicochemical characteristics, morphometric features, biometric growth parameters, biological indices, physiological parameters, and biochemical profiles of Schizothorax niger population. The physicochemical analysis revealed a maximum temperature of 12.93 ± 1.33°C and hardness of 156.53 ± 12.82 mg/L in Dal Lake, whereas the Jhelum River had a minimum level of 10.94 ± 1.12°C temperature and 128.31 ± 11.62 mg/L of hardness. Dal Lake had a neutral pH (7.5 ± 0.2) and lower dissolved oxygen (6.8 ± 0.4 mg/L) compared to the Jhelum River (pH 7.2 ± 0.3; dissolved oxygen 7.5 ± 0.5 mg/L). Morphometric analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in fish length (Dal Lake: 18.4 ± 2.1 cm; the Jhelum River: 21.0 ± 1.8 cm) and weight (Dal Lake: 74.5 ± 9.8 g; the Jhelum River: 92.2 ± 7.4 g) between the sites. Biometric growth parameters demonstrated a positive allometric growth pattern, with Dal Lake having a steeper slope (b = 3.15) than the Jhelum River (b = 2.98). Biological indices revealed gender‐based variations in the gonado‐somatic index (GSI) and hepato‐somatic index (HSI), with GSI being higher in Dal Lake (0.21 ± 0.02) and HSI in the Jhelum River (1.04 ± 0.09). Haematological and biochemical analyses showed significant differences in parameters such as haematocrit (Dal Lake: 29.2 ± 2.1%; the Jhelum River: 32.4 ± 1.8%), glucose (Dal Lake: 85.3 ± 5.4 mg/dL; the Jhelum River: 68.1 ± 4.2 mg/dL), and total protein (Dal Lake: 6.2 ± 0.4 g/dL; the Jhelum River: 5.8 ± 0.3 g/dL) between sites. These findings provide valuable insights into the physiological traits and population dynamics of S. niger, informing species‐specific conservation strategies and ecosystem management practices.
Opioid receptor and dopaminergic gene expression increase in the brains of dominant medaka Oryzias latipes males after repeated fights
Authors: Hayashi Suzuna , Fujiuchi Miki , Oshiden Mei , Honda Akira , Kagawa Nao
Published: October 2024

The central opioid system and dopaminergic activity in mammals play key roles in mediating social reward, impulsivity, cognition, decision making, and motivation for learning and social interactions. Repeated positive fighting experiences enhance the gene expression levels of μ‐type opioid receptor (Mor), tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), an enzyme involved in dopamine synthesis, and dopamine receptor type 2 (D2r) in the reward‐related brain regions of aggressive mice. However, it remains unclear whether the opioid system and dopaminergic activity are associated with repeated winning in fish. In this study, we investigated changes in the expression levels of Mor, Th1, and D2r in different regions of the brain of adult medaka Oryzias latipes males after intermittent and continuous fight for 3 days. When a pair of males was provided a fighting opportunity for 20 min per day, we noted that within the 3‐day observation period, aggressive winning males showed significantly higher expression levels of Mor in telencephalon and diencephalon, Th1 in diencephalon, and D2r in telencephalon than subordinate losing males. However, no such differences in gene expression level were observed between winning and losing males in the 3‐day continuous fight. Further, no differences were detected in the total number of aggressive actions among the winners from each fighting test. However, the total number of “chase” actions, with a stronger aggressiveness index, was higher for the repeated winning male in the three‐time intermittent fight than for the winner in the 3‐day continuous fight. These findings suggest that repeated intermittent winning experiences with strong aggressiveness could be perceived as a reward by O. latipes males.
A.S.S.E.S.S. for Facial Fillers
Authors: Fezza John P. , Barbarino Sheila , Woodward Julie , Fezza Reed , Tijerina Jonathan D. , Lee Wendy
Published: October 2024

Background

An in‐depth and detailed facial assessment is critical in treating and achieving desirable dermal filler and neurotoxin results.

Methods

An acronym called A.S.S.E.S.S. simplifies an often complex and overwhelming amount of data needed to assimilate when performing facial filler and neurotoxin injections. Applying this method to patients in six simple steps provides a starting point and offers a guideline to capture key details for a more comprehensive facial assessment. The A.S.S.E.S.S. acronym stands for animate, shape, side, external, symmetry, and shadows and is helpful in following a methodical approach in analyzing facial shape, profile, and natural facial curves in both static and dynamic states.

Results

Following a regimented A.S.S.E.S.S. approach prior to treating filler and neurotoxin patients allows providers a straightforward guide to achieve a desirable facial shape and profile.

Conclusion

This stepwise facial assessment establishes a logical and detailed approach to ensure the important aspects of facial details are appreciated in creating reliable and pleasing filler and neurotoxin results.
Navigating the landscape of cervical cancer in India: Epidemiology, prevention, current status, and emerging solutions
Authors: Gupta Krishnendu , Mandal Ranajit , Chatterjee Puja
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer poses a significant health burden for women worldwide, particularly in India. Despite global progress, India's mortality rate, with 79 906 deaths, remains disproportionately high at approximately 11.2 per 100 000 women compared to the global average of 7.1 per 100 000 women. India's NPCDCS and other initiatives focus on VIA screening for women aged 30–65. The National Health Policy 2017 emphasizes primary healthcare enhancement, allocating two‐thirds of the budget. Ayushman Bharat promotes universal health coverage, including Health and Wellness Centers and PM‐JAY. Initiatives like Ayushman Bharat and the National Cancer Grid offer hope for improved cancer care. Leveraging technology, strengthening infrastructure, integrating services, promoting awareness, and enhancing HPV vaccination are crucial. By addressing barriers, improving access, and fostering collaboration, the cervical cancer burden can be reduced, ensuring better health outcomes for women nationwide.
A study on the efficacy and safety of long‐term adjusted low‐dose gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist therapy for uterine fibroids and adenomyosis
Authors: Kashiwabara Soichiro , Yabe Shinichiro , Samejima Koki , Narita Tatsuya , Itaya Yukiko , Era Sumiko , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Nagai Tomonori , Kikuchi Akihiko , Takai Yasushi
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the efficacy and safety of long‐term adjusted low‐dose gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist therapy (GnRH agonist drawback therapy) with nafarelin acetate in patients with uterine fibroids and/or adenomyosis with menstrual symptoms.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective, observational study initially included 118 patients with uterine fibroids and/or adenomyosis with menstrual symptoms who had received GnRH agonist (nafarelin acetate) drawback therapy for at least 7 months between 2010 and 2020.

Blood hemoglobin level, maximum fibroid diameter, area of the corpus uteri, blood estradiol level, daily dosage of nafarelin acetate, and bone density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed before and after the treatment initiation.

Results

The median treatment period was 28 months. Menstruation had ceased in all patients. The median hemoglobin level significantly increased from 8.6 to 13.2 g/dL before treatment and at 12 months after the treatment initiation in patients with fibroids and from 8.8 to 13.3 g/dL in patients with adenomyosis, respectively. Although the treatment did not exert a significant shrinking effect on the fibroids and adenomyosis, an increase in their size was not observed in any patient. The initial dose of nafarelin acetate was 400 μg/day and was lowered to 130 μg/day at 12 months. Only 29 patients (25%) had an estradiol level <30 pg/mL. The average rate of bone density change over 6 months was −1.23% in the lumbar spine and −1.12% in the femoral neck in patients with fibroids and −1.06% in the lumbar spine and −0.14% in the femoral neck in patients with adenomyosis, which were lower than the previously reported rates.

Conclusions

GnRH agonist drawback therapy was found to be useful for the long‐term conservative treatment of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. The treatment was safely and inexpensively performed with few adverse events.
Postpartum hair loss is associated with anxiety
Authors: Hirose Asuka , Terauchi Masakazu , Odai Tamami , Fudono Ayako , Tsurane Kotoi , Sekiguchi Masaki , Iwata Misako , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Miyasaka Naoyuki
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study examined the relationship between postpartum hair loss and psychological symptoms.

Methods

This questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study included postpartum women who had delivered at two facilities and completed the questionnaire 10–18 months after delivery. Study protocols were sent by mail in two parts. Baseline characteristics and information regarding the pregnancy, delivery, childcare, and postpartum hair loss were obtained via a questionnaire. Psychological symptoms were assessed via the Whooley Questions, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Participants were divided into two groups based on psychological symptoms. Multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

In total, 331 responses were analyzed. Women with very much hair loss felt significantly more anxious than those with no postpartum hair loss, as reported on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item anxiety subscale (odds ratio: 4.47). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that primiparity, greater amount of postpartum hair loss, and higher Athens Insomnia Scale scores were predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item anxiety. Adjusted odds ratio of having anxiety among those with very much postpartum hair loss was 4.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–17.74) compared to those with no postpartum hair loss.

Conclusions

A greater amount of postpartum hair loss was independently associated with postpartum anxiety on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item.
‘Worthy survivors’ of domestic violence in the eyes of the Beijing courts
Authors: LIN JIAYING
Published: October 2024

This article builds on Paige Sweet's conceptualization of ‘worthy survivors’ in the United States context and adds a consideration of judicial discretion to define who were considered worthy survivors of domestic violence in the eyes of the Beijing courts in 2021 and 2022. After analysing judges’ decisions in civil judgments and civil orders, the article concludes that worthy survivors were those who described how their abusers challenged legal authorities or disturbed public order, submitted multiple external documents with a clear description of the domestic violence, or mentioned children as direct survivors of physical child abuse committed in public. By contrast, survivors with limited capacity for civil conduct (generally due to schizophrenia) were marginalized and treated as ‘unworthy’. This article contributes to our understanding by addressing how crafting stories in line with mainstream ideology in the specific society helped survivors to achieve institutional recognition.
Measurement Instruments When Comparing Academic Performance and Physical Activity: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Fan , Erwin Heather , Beighle Aaron
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

This study offers a comprehensive review of academic performance measurement instruments in physical activity and education settings, aiming to provide a comprehensive list of tools used for measuring academic performance in relation to variables associated with physical activity.

METHODS

Academic performance outcomes, including cognitive skills, attitudes, academic achievement, and academic behavior categorized by CDC, were investigated using specific keywords in search engines between 2000 and June 2022, with 233 articles (describing 220 studies) included.

RESULTS

Participant demographics, mainly elementary students, displayed variability. The review found that 37.3% of studies measured cognitive skills and attitudes (primarily attention), 57.3% assessed academic achievement (GPA, subject scores, or standardized tests), and 15.9% evaluated academic behaviors (mostly on‐task/off‐task behaviors). Various instruments were employed, notably those measuring attention, intelligence, memory, and attitude. Positive associations were found in 63.4%, 78.6%, and 85.7% of studies for cognitive skills, academic achievement, and academic behavior, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This literature review highlights the prevalence of studies on academic achievement, diverse cognitive skills instruments, and a focus on attention. Despite predominantly positive relationships, some studies reported non‐significant or negative associations, particularly for cognitive skills. Future research should emphasize these areas using reliable instruments.
The Association between Organizational Factors of Health Promoting Schools and Teachers' Health Lifestyles: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Luh Dih‐Ling , Huang Hsiao‐Ling , Chiou Shy‐Yang , Lo Kai‐Yang , Chen Fu‐Li
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Schools are both learning environments for students and workplaces for faculty. Recognizing the role of organizational factors in staff health in school environments, the study aimed to explore which factors, including transformational leadership, teachers' perceived management support and HPS accreditation awards, were most associated with promoting a healthy lifestyle for teachers.

METHODS

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken of 137 elementary schools in 2014, involving 433 directors and 2090 teachers. Data were collected using an anonymous structured questionnaire. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze both teacher‐ and school‐level factors associated with health‐promoting lifestyles.

RESULTS

There was a significant positive correlation between teachers' overall health‐promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP‐II) scores and both perceived management support (coefficient = .98, p < .001) and transformational leadership (coefficient = .38, p = .039). All 6 HPLP‐II subscales also showed significant positive correlations with perceived management support (coefficients .12‐.24, p < .001).

CONCLUSION

Supporting a healthy working atmosphere and strong principal transformational leadership are keys to enhancing teachers' health‐promoting lifestyles. Future research could explore how transformational leadership and management support influence teachers' health behaviors and identify effective strategies and interventions.
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent Behavioral Health Challenges, and High School Dropout*
Authors: Moore Chelsea R , Stoddard Sarah A
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with behavioral health challenges and high school dropout, and behavioral health is associated with high school dropout. Less is known about the role of behavioral health challenges in the relationship between ACEs and high school dropout.

METHODS

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2013) and its 2014 Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study supplement, the current study conducts mediational path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of cumulative ACEs on high school dropout via adolescent depression, anxiety, and substance use.

RESULTS

Experiencing more ACEs was associated with depression, anxiety, and substance use. Only depression and substance use were associated with high school dropout. There was a significant direct effect between increased ACEs and high school dropout and significant indirect effects via depression and substance use, but not anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

Adolescent behavioral health interventions to address the long‐term effects of ACEs may also support academic achievement. School‐based interventions, particularly those aligned with trauma‐sensitive school frameworks and engaging various school personnel, including school nurses, should be considered. Community‐ and policy‐level interventions aimed at primary prevention of ACEs are also needed.
Red, blue, and green? The association between CEOs' political ideologies and green new product introductions
Authors: Lesage Kai Christine , Schweitzer Fiona , Palmié Maximilian , Haon Christophe , Misra Shekhar
Published: October 2024

Not all firms exhibit the same level of commitment to green new product introductions (GNPIs), yet our understanding of the factors underlying these disparities remains incomplete. Prior research has primarily focused on firm‐level factors, paying little attention to individual‐level antecedents of GNPIs. This imbalance in the GNPI literature contrasts with the broader innovation and general management literature, which displays an ever‐growing interest in the “human side of innovation,” acknowledging the relevance of Chief Executive Officers' (CEOs') political ideologies for organizational outcomes. Addressing this imbalance, our study examines the relationship between CEOs' political ideologies and their firms' GNPIs, along with the conditions that shape this influence. Grounded in social identity theory, our study first argues that the more liberal CEOs are, the more GNPIs their firms are likely to generate and that this association is amplified by CEO power. It then proposes that the more liberal CEOs are, the more likely they are to respond to adverse situations beyond their control (a Republican presidency or lower levels of consumer green sentiment) by initiating more GNPIs. It finally posits that the more liberal CEOs are, the fewer GNPIs they tend to initiate in response to adverse situations for which they are accountable (involvement in sustainability‐related scandals). We integrate data from seven databases into a longitudinal dataset comprising 89 firms and 192 CEOs over the period 2010–2020 to test our theoretical framework empirically. Time‐lagged panel regression analyses strongly support our theoretical arguments. Our findings contribute to the emergence of an individual‐level, microfoundational perspective on sustainable innovations, our knowledge about the organizational implications and boundary conditions of CEOs' political ideologies, and the treatment of multiple identities within social identity theory, especially the relationship between political and occupational identities. The implications of our findings extend to business practitioners, offering valuable insights for CEOs, boards of directors, and investors.
Users' Experience of Treatment and Coercion in an Inpatient Medium‐Stay Psychiatric Rehabilitation Unit: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Aragonés‐Calleja Miriam , Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Coercion influences mental health services users' experience of care and can hinder their recovery process, so it is essential to understand how it is perceived in rehabilitation settings oriented towards recovery.

Aim

To describe and measure users' experience of coercion and explore their perception of the treatment received in an inpatient medium‐stay psychiatric rehabilitation unit (IMSPRU).

Method

This study, in which 75 service users participated, used a mixed methods approach. Twenty participants were administered a semistructured interview and completed quantitative measures for coercion and 55 additional service users completed the quantitative measurements only. The perception of coercion was measured using the Coercion Experience Scale.

Results

The content analysis of qualitative data resulted in two main themes: treatment received and experience of coercion in the IMSPRU. The participants made a distinction between good treatment and mistreatment or unfair treatment. Experience of coercion in the IMSPRU included the feeling of freedom or lack thereof in the unit, forms of formal and informal coercion, and the positive or negative impact of rules on the unit. The quantitative data revealed a low perception of formal coercion among the users.

Discussion

Individuals had different views of what it meant to be treated well, but all agreed on the importance of communication and the need to feel respected. Informal coercion was the most frequent type of coercion identified, but users were often unaware of its existence.

Implications for Practice

Knowledge of how IMSPRU users experience the treatment received from nursing staff and how they perceive coercive situations will help to lay the foundations of a system of care oriented towards good treatment and noncoercive practices.
Multigene phylogenetics of Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) revealed low molecular diversity in contrast to high morphological variability in the NE Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Álvarez‐Canali Daniel , Sansón Marta , Sangil Carlos , Tronholm Ana
Published: October 2024

Sargassum species play a key role in habitat formation in tropical and subtropical regions; however, species identification has been hampered by the phenological plasticity exhibited in response to environmental conditions and life history. Molecular phylogenetics has challenged taxa circumscriptions and proven critical in delimiting species in this genus. Yet, the Atlantic species of Sargassum remain poorly understood, and recent studies have shown low molecular diversity between the species in the NW Atlantic. Here, we expand the taxon sampling to the NE Atlantic to assess the diversity of Sargassum in the Atlantic basin, based on a comprehensive morphological and multigene approach. We selected genes commonly used in delineating species in this genus (ITS2, rbcLS, cox3, mtsp) and explored additional markers (cox2, nad6, psbC, clpC, atpB) to infer the phylogenetic relationships between the morphospecies observed in the NE Atlantic. Phylogenetic analyses using single‐gene and multigene alignments including 185 new sequences confirmed the low molecular diversity and supported the distinction of a single clade in Sargassum section Sargassum of N Atlantic benthic species. In contrast, morphological analysis resulted in the identification of 10 species and three new morphospecies that we described here but opt not to equate to species until further molecular evidence is available. Our results were congruent with previous findings from the NW Atlantic and highlight the morphological and ecological diversity of Sargassum in the Atlantic. These results suggest a recent colonization and incipient speciation of Sargassum in the Atlantic basin and showcase the need of further high‐throughput analyses.
C‐reactive protein improves the ability to detect hypertension and insulin resistance in mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea: Age effect
Authors: Pejovic Slobodanka , Shang Yimeng , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , He Fan , Li Yun , Kong Lan
Published: October 2024

C‐reactive protein (CRP) appears to improve the ability to detect cardiometabolic risk in young and middle‐aged adults with mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea (mmOSA). The aim of this study is to assess utility of CRP in identifying the risk of hypertension and insulin resistance across a wide age range including older patients with mmOSA. Adults (n = 216) of a wide age range (28–90 years old, mean age 52.64 ± 12.74) with mmOSA (5 ≤ AHI < 30) completed in‐lab polysomnography or home sleep apnea testing, physical examination including blood pressure (BP) measures, structured medical history questionnaire, and blood draw for CRP and fasting glucose and insulin levels. In adults < 60 years, lnCRP but not the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was associated with greater odds for hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.20–4.84, p = 0.01; OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92–1.08, p = 0.92, respectively) and with higher average systolic and diastolic BP. Also, in adults < 60 years lnCRP but not AHI, was associated with higher lnHOMA values. In contrast, in adults > 60 years neither lnCRP nor AHI were associated with greater odds for hypertension, average systolic and diastolic BP, and lnHOMA. Receiver‐operating characteristics curves revealed that adding CRP to standard clinical factors (age, sex, and BMI) yielded moderately good risk models for hypertension in patients < 60 years (AUC = 0.721). In conclusion, CRP improves the ability to detect cardiometabolic risk in young and middle‐aged, but not older adults with mmOSA, suggesting that inflammation may be a primary pathogenetic mechanism in younger patients with OSA.