bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Repression of Aerobic Glycolysis by OVOL2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Luo Fei , Luo Shaliu , Li Ling , Ren Xinxin , Lin Jing , Liang Yingchun , Ma Chao , Ding Lihua , Zhang Deyu , Ye Tianxing , Lin Yanni , Jin Bilian , Gao Shan , Ye Qinong
Published: July 2022

Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), a hallmark of cancer, plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and metastasis; however, direct inhibition of the Warburg effect remains largely unknown. Herein, the transcription factor OVO‐like zinc finger 2 (OVOL2) is demonstrated to directly repress the expression of several glycolytic genes, blocking the Warburg effect and breast tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. OVOL2 inhibits glycolysis by recruiting the nuclear receptor co‐repressor (NCoR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). The tumor suppressor p53, a key regulator of cancer metabolism, activates OVOL2 by binding to the oncoprotein mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and inhibiting MDM2‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of OVOL2. OVOL2 expression is negatively correlated with glycolytic gene expression and can be a good predictor of prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, targeting the p53/MDM2/OVOL2 axis provides a potential avenue for cancer treatment, especially breast cancer.
In Situ Induced Coordination between a “Desiccant” Interphase and Oxygen‐Deficient Navajoite towards Highly Efficient Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Huang Jiangtao , Liang Haopu , Tang Yan , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: July 2022

Poor interfacial stability, undesired side reactions, and sluggish reaction kinetics greatly impair the zinc storage performance of vanadium‐based cathode materials. Here, an in situ electrochemical conversion strategy is employed to synergistically deal with these issues. Through the initial electrochemically charging, the CaV4O9 cathode is reconstructed into an oxygen‐deficient navajoite V5O12−x·6H2O (HVOd) coated by gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O (GP)) layers, denoted as GP‐HVOd. The GP interphase with “desiccant” properties can not only suppress the vanadium dissolution, but also regulate the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ through its strong hydrophilicity and space confinement, thus facilitating the interfacial kinetics with reduced activation energy. With less water molecules eroding the HVOd bulk phase, the typical water‐induced by‐products can also be eliminated. Moreover, highly reversible Zn2+ storage is guaranteed by HVOd with in situ generated oxygen defects. Under such coordination, GP‐HVOd delivers a high capacity of 402.5 mA h g−1, excellent cycling stability at 0.2 A g−1 with 99.7% capacity retention after 200 cycles, mighty rate performance, and high tolerance to sub‐zero environments (143.2 mA h g−1 retained at 3 A g−1 and −25 °C). This work provides a new opportunity to propel the development of highly efficient zinc‐storage cathodes.
Ultrahigh Sulfur Loading Tolerant Cathode Architecture with Extended Cycle Life for High Energy Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Abraham Akhil Mammoottil , Thiel Karsten , Shakouri Mohsen , Xiao Qunfeng , Paterson Alisa , Schwenzel Julian , Ponnurangam Sathish , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: July 2022

Lithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as the imminent energy storage device for high energy density applications. However, at practical sulfur loadings >5 mg cm−2, the cell suffers from severe capacity fade and durability. In the present work, a hybrid MoS2–WS2 heterodimensional structure is reported. The strain induced growth of transition metal dichalcogenides preferentially exposes edge sites and maximizes the geometric coverage for anchoring‐diffusion‐conversion of polysulfides to restrain the shuttle effect at practical S‐loadings. The systematic analysis (5–50 mg cm−2 of S‐loadings) reveals that the unique cathode architecture exhibits reversible S‐loading tolerance up to 28 mg cm−2. A high initial areal capacity of 32 mAh cm−2 with an area specific energy density of 67 mWh cm−2 is achieved with a low electrolyte volume/S‐loading ratio of 5 mL g−1. The strategy presented here can unlock high S‐loading Li–S cells with extended cyclability and high energy density.
Analysis of coffee production efficiency and productivity strategy in African and non‐African countries
Authors: Yang Chih‐Yu , Lu Ching‐Cheng , Chiu Yung‐Ho , Lin Tai‐Yu
Published: July 2022

This study used 39 coffee producing countries (CPC) in African and non‐African countries as the research object to evaluate the coffee production efficiency and coffee productivity of CPC from 2013 to 2017. Empirical results show that during the study period, among 14 countries with coffee production efficiency greater than 1, Lao (1.7265), Viet Nam (1.4282), and Indonesia (1.3113) are located in Asia, and Ghana (1.3741) and Ethiopia (1.1357) are African countries, the rest of the countries are distributed in Central and South America. The three countries with the worst coffee production efficiency are Côte d'Ivoire (0.2482), Sierra Leone (0.2137), and Togo (0.1774), all located in Africa. In terms of coffee productivity, the average is 1.1318. Eleven countries are above the average and 28 countries are below the average. Among them, Guyana (0.9103), Yemen (0.8278), and Malawi (0.6275) have the worst coffee productivity. The study found that although coffee originated in Africa, the average coffee production efficiency of African countries (0.6167) lags behind non‐African countries (1.1563). However, the average coffee productivity of African countries (1.1766) is better than that of non‐African countries (1.1007). At present, coffee production efficiency in coffee‐producing countries in Africa is low, and technological improvements are being used to improve efficiency, making coffee productivity present an upward trend. This study chose to use the non‐oriented Super Directional Distance Model and Malmquist total factor productivity to evaluate the changes in coffee production efficiency and coffee productivity in African and non‐African countries. [EconLit Citations: D24, L22, Q10].
A retrospective cohort analysis of the Yale pediatric genomics discovery program
Authors: Al‐Ali Samir , Jeffries Lauren , Faustino E. Vincent S. , Ji Weizhen , Mis Emily , Konstantino Monica , Zerillo Cynthia , Jiang Yong‐hui , Spencer‐Manzon Michele , Bale Allen , Zhang Hui , McGlynn Julie , McGrath James M. , Tremblay Thierry , Brodsky Nina N. , Lucas Carrie L. , Pierce Richard , Deniz Engin , Khokha Mustafa K. , Lakhani Saquib A.
Published: July 2022

The Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program (PGDP) at Yale uses next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and translational research to evaluate complex patients with a wide range of phenotypes suspected to have rare genetic diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 356 PGDP probands evaluated between June 2015 and July 2020, querying our database for participant demographics, clinical characteristics, NGS results, and diagnostic and research findings. The three most common phenotypes among the entire studied cohort (n = 356) were immune system abnormalities (n = 105, 29%), syndromic or multisystem disease (n = 103, 29%), and cardiovascular system abnormalities (n = 62, 17%). Of 216 patients with final classifications, 77 (36%) received new diagnoses and 139 (64%) were undiagnosed; the remaining 140 patients were still actively being investigated. Monogenetic diagnoses were found in 67 (89%); the largest group had variants in known disease genes but with new contributions such as novel variants (n = 31, 40%) or expanded phenotypes (n = 14, 18%). Finally, five PGDP diagnoses (8%) were suggestive of novel gene‐to‐phenotype relationships. A broad range of patients can benefit from single subject studies combining NGS and functional molecular analyses. All pediatric providers should consider further genetics evaluations for patients lacking precise molecular diagnoses.
Enantioselective oxa‐Diels–Alder Sequences of Dendralenes
Authors: Fan Yi‐Min , Yu Li‐Juan , Gardiner Michael G. , Coote Michelle L. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: July 2022

Diene‐transmissive hetero‐Diels–Alder sequences involving carbonyl dienophiles are reported for the first time. High enantioselectivities are achieved in the reaction of phenylglyoxal with a broad range of dendralene structures, through the optimization of a Pd2+ catalyst system. The initial catalyst‐controlled enantioselective oxa‐Diels–Alder (ODA) cycloaddition to a [3]dendralene generates a dihydropyran carrying a semicyclic diene. This participates in a subsequent catalyst or substrate‐controlled Diels–Alder reaction to generate sp3‐rich fused polycyclic systems containing both heterocycles and carbocycles. Computational investigations reveal a concerted asynchronous mechanism. π‐Complexation of a diene C=C bond to Pd2+ occurs in both the pre‐transition state (TS) complex and in cycloaddition TSs, controlling stereoselectivity. A formal enantioselective [4+2]cycloaddition of a CO2 dienophile is demonstrated.
Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation of Trinaphthylamine: Selective Formation of a Nitrogen‐Centered Polycyclic π‐System Comprising 5‐ and 7‐Membered Rings
Authors: Nebauer Johannes , Neiß Christian , Krug Marcel , Vogel Alexander , Fehn Dominik , Ozaki Shuhei , Rominger Frank , Meyer Karsten , Kamada Kenji , Guldi Dirk M. , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan
Published: July 2022

We describe a new type of nitrogen‐centered polycyclic scaffold comprising a unique combination of 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered rings. The compound is accessible through an intramolecular oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tri(1‐naphthyl)amine. To the best of our knowledge this is the very first example of a direct 3‐fold cyclization of a triarylamine under oxidative conditions. The unusual ring fusion motif is confirmed by X‐ray crystallography and the impact of cyclization on the electronic and photophysical properties is investigated both experimentally and theoretically based on density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations. The formation of the unexpected product is rationalized by detailed mechanistic studies on the DFT level. The results suggest the cyclization to occur under kinetic control via a dicationic mechanism.
Calcination‐regulated Microstructures of Donor‐Acceptor Polymers towards Enhanced and Stable Photocatalytic H2O2 Production in Pure Water
Authors: Yang Chao , Wan Sijie , Zhu Bicheng , Yu Jiaguo , Cao Shaowen
Published: July 2022

Regulating molecular structure of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) polymer is a promising strategy to improve photoactivity. Herein, a porous nanorod‐like D‐A polymer is synthesized via a strategy of supramolecular chemistry combined with subsequent calcination treatment. This polymer consists of benzene rings (D) and triazine (A) that are linked by amido bond (−CONH−). −CONH− further partially cracks into cyano groups (−C≡N) (A) under calcination. The ratio of benzene to triazine could be tuned to adjust the −C≡N content by varying the calcination atmosphere. Such regulation of molecular structure could modulate the band structure of D‐A polymer and endow it with unique porous nanorod‐like morphology, leading to the achievement of two‐electron oxygen reduction and two‐electron water oxidation and the improvement of exciton splitting, O2 adsorption and activation. These merits synergistically ensure a highly efficient and stable photocatalytic H2O2 production in pure water.
A Monocrystalline Coordination Polymer with Multiple Redox Centers as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Yuwen , Liu Jinlong , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2022

Coordination polymers can take advantage of both transition metal redox and organic ligand redox, thus serving as promising cathodes with multiple redox centers toward higher‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we selected the high‐capacity carbonyl compound of chloranilic acid (CA) as organic ligand to coordinate with the high‐voltage Cu2+ as transition metal node and successfully synthesized copper(II) chloranilate (CuCA) with π–d conjugation, layered structure and monocrystalline nature. The resulting CuCA presents inorganic and organic redox centers, high electronic conductivity and fast Li+ diffusion kinetics, leading to high discharge capacity (297.0 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate capability (160.6 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and good cycling stability (165.5 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 50 cycles) with quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte. This work will provide insightful understanding of the materials design strategies to develop more efficient coordination polymer cathodes for LIBs.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Thallusin for Bioactivity Profiling
Authors: Dhiman Seema , Ulrich Johann F. , Wienecke Paul , Wichard Thomas , Arndt Hans‐Dieter
Published: July 2022

Chemical mediators are key compounds for controlling symbiotic interactions in the environment. Here, we disclose a fully stereoselective total synthesis of the algae differentiation factor (−)‐thallusin that utilizes sophisticated 6‐endo‐cyclization chemistry and effective late‐stage sp2–sp2‐couplings using non‐toxic reagents. An EC50 of 4.8 pM was determined by quantitative phenotype profiling in the green seaweed Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyte), underscoring this potent mediator‘s enormous, pan‐species bioactivity produced by symbiotic bacteria. SAR investigations indicate that (−)‐thallusin triggers at least two different pathways in Ulva that may be separated by chemical editing of the mediator compound structure.
Arene‐Ruthenium(II)/Osmium(II) Complexes Potentiate the Anticancer Efficacy of Metformin via Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming
Authors: Yang Qi‐Yuan , Ma Rui , Gu Yun‐Qiong , Xu Xiao‐Fang , Chen Zhen‐Feng , Liang Hong
Published: July 2022

Targeting metabolic reprogramming to treat cancer could increase overall survival and reduce side effects. Here, we put forward a strategy using arene‐ruthenium(II)/osmium(II) complexes to potentiate the anticancer effect of metformin (Met.) via glucose metabolism reprogramming. Complexes 1–6 with oxoglaucine derivatives as ligands were synthesized and their anti‐tumor activities were tested under hypoglycemia. Results indicated that 2 and 5 potentiated the anticancer effects of Met. under hypoglycemia, exhibiting lower toxicity, slower blood glucose decline and inhibition of early tumor liver metastasis. Combination of 5 with Met. could be used as a new strategy to treat cancer under hypoglycemia through glucose metabolism reprogramming.
Metal‐Chelatable Porphyrinic Frameworks for Single‐Cell Multiplexing with Mass Cytometry
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Guocan , Wang Ping , Liu Juan , Shi Hongyu , Zhao Junjie , Zeng Xun , Luo Yingwu
Published: July 2022

Single‐cell multiplexing is key to exploration of the heterogeneous cell populations in biological systems. Although the state‐of‐the‐art mass cytometry (CyTOF) possesses high resolution and multiple dimensions, the lack of suitable marker materials prohibits fully exploiting the available CyTOF detection channels. Here we report a new design strategy for CyTOF markers using functionalized mesoporous porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs) as scaffolds for chelating metals that have been unachievable by conventional approaches. We developed surface modification for stably dispersing the MPF nanoparticles (<40 nm) during the metalation and antibody conjugation processes. Our markers exhibit higher sensitivity and comparable specificity compared with a polymer‐based commercial benchmark. Compatibility with commercial markers during co‐staining was also confirmed. Furthermore, our markers show promising performance for immunophenotyping and potential implementation in CyTOF systems.
Encoding Morphogenesis of Quasi‐Triangular Gold Nanoprisms with DNA
Authors: Fang Weina , Wang Jiangming , Lu Shuang , Gu Qingyi , He Xiao , Wang Fei , Wang Lihua , Tian Yang , Liu Huajie , Fan Chunhai
Published: July 2022

Properties of gold nanoparticles vary with their morphologies. Typically, the research on the properties and applications of the nonequilibrium intermediates generated by the morphological evolution of triangular gold nanoprisms is still incomplete. Herein, we employ thiol‐DNA (HS‐DNA) to protect the low‐stability quasi‐nanoprisms with different truncation degrees (R values). The presence of HS‐DNA not only increases the stability of the quasi‐nanoprisms in different microenvironments, but also facilitates us to investigate their intrinsic plasmonic properties related to morphology. Additionally, we serve quasi‐nanoprisms loaded with HS‐DNA as assembly modules and nanoplatforms for programmable self‐assembly higher‐order hybrid structures, as well as carriers for encoding and decoding of orthogonal barcode‐like information, which opens new opportunities for developing novel building blocks for light manipulation at nanoscale.
A Self‐Assembled Cage Binding Iodide Anions over Other Halide Ions in Water
Authors: Wu Yating , Zhang Chi , Fang Shuai , Zhu Dingsheng , Chen Yixin , Ge Chenqi , Tang Hua , Li Hao
Published: July 2022

A triangular‐prism shaped cage was self‐assembled by the formation of a dynamic covalent bond, namely a hydrazone, in acidic aqueous solution. The hexacationic host bears a number of relatively acidic protons pointing inside the cage cavity, which is able to accommodate an iodide anion selectively in water over other halide anions such as F−, Cl−, and Br−, which are more hydrated. As a comparison, a macrocycle analogue bearing fewer positive charges and fewer hydrogen bond donors shows no anion binding ability. As inferred from the single‐crystal structure and theoretical calculations, the ability of the cage to selectively recognize iodide anions results from the combination of electrostatic forces, C−H⋅⋅⋅I−hydrogen bonds, and the hydrophobic effect.
Total Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of IORs, Sulfonolipid‐based Inhibitors of Cell Differentiation inSalpingoeca rosetta
Authors: Raguž Luka , Peng Chia‐Chi , Rutaganira Florentine U. N. , Krüger Thomas , Stanišić Aleksa , Jautzus Theresa , Kries Hajo , Kniemeyer Olaf , Brakhage Axel A. , King Nicole , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: July 2022

The choanoflagellateSalpingoeca rosettais an important model system to study the evolution of multicellularity. In this study we developed a new, modular, and scalable synthesis of sulfonolipid IOR‐1A (six steps, 27 % overall yield), which acts as bacterial inhibitor of rosette formation inS. rosetta. The synthesis features a decarboxylative cross‐coupling reaction of a sulfonic acid‐containing tartaric acid derivative with alkyl zinc reagents. Synthesis of 15 modified IOR‐1A derivatives, including fluorescent and photoaffinity‐based probes, allowed quantification of IOR‐1A, localization studies withinS. rosettacells, and evaluation of structure‐activity relations. In a proof of concept study, an inhibitory bifunctional probe was employed in proteomic profiling studies, which allowed to deduce binding partners in bacteria andS. rosetta. These results showcase the power of synthetic chemistry to decipher the biochemical basis of cell differentiation processes withinS. rosetta.
Experimental study on seepage flow characteristics of leaked molten salt in foundation fillers in concentrating solar power plants
Authors: Zhang Mingrui , Zuo Yuhang , Yu Xinfeng , Zhang Ao , Zhou Hao
Published: July 2022

The leakage of molten salt storage tanks in concentrating solar power plants has attracted much attention. This paper focused on seepage and migration characteristics of molten salt in the thermal‐steady foundation fillers with different configurations after leakage occurs through a self‐built experimental system modeling the actual leaking process. The results show that the thermal insulation of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as foundation fillers is better than that of sand and gravel. When the operating temperature is 565°C, the average temperatures of each layer of LECA, sand, and gravel are 131.73°C, 141.91°C, and 149.27°C, respectively. And the seepage depths in light expanded clay aggregate, sand, and gravel are 482 mm, 223 mm, and 270 mm, respectively. It is found that the seepage depth of molten salt distinctly increases with higher operating temperature in all kinds of fillers. Nevertheless, the seepage depth of molten salt in the multi‐layer fillers diminishes with the increase of the thickness of the sand or gravel layer. The results obtained from this research would be helpful for the engineering design of storage tank foundations and reduce economic losses and the complexity of accident handling.
Behavior study of a thermo‐responsive hydrophobically associative water‐soluble terpolymer in laboratory test with heavy crude oil
Authors: Torres‐Martínez Joseline G. , Pérez‐Alvarez Marissa , Jiménez‐Regalado Enrique J. , St Thomas Claude , Alonso‐Martínez Fernando
Published: July 2022

In this work, a thermo‐responsive hydrophobically associative water‐soluble terpolymer was prepared and evaluated as polymer flooding in laboratory tests versus a heavy crude oil from a carbonated reservoir in southern Mexico. Terpolymer of acrylamide, N‐isopropylacrylamide and N,N′‐dihexylacrylamide were synthesized via micellar free radical polymerization. Reaction was carried out at 50°C using sodium dodecyl sulfonate as surfactant and 4‐(4′‐azobis)cyanovaleric acid as initiator. The terpolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. Steady shear viscosity of polymer solutions at different concentrations was determined in the presence of NaCl (from 1 to 5 wt%) at different temperatures (from 25 to 120°C). Heavy crude oil sample was characterized and revealed a viscosity of 2. 26 Pa s, 10.21° API with a content of Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes of 26.4, 38.5, 22.3, and 12.8, respectively. The crude oil recovery of polymer at 2 and 3 wt% revealed a surface tensions of 49.6 and 48.2 mN × m and adsorption capacities of 1.33 and 1.77 wt%. Finally, polymer solutions at 2 and 3 wt% showed a contact angle between 29.6 and 26.5° and a crude oil recovery of 68.3 and 75.3%, respectively.
An approach for the compatibility of thermoplastic starch/poly (lactic acid) blends using an ester obtained from glycerol and tall oil fatty acids
Authors: Murillo Edwin A. , Ararat Carlos A.
Published: July 2022

This work reports the compatibilization of thermoplastic starch (TPS)/polylactic acid (PLA) blends with a glycerol ester (GE), obtained by modifying glycerol with tall oil fatty acids. The proportions of TPS/PLA studied were 50/50 and 70/30, with the GE amounts from 0 (control sample), 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The effect of the compatibilizer on the structural, thermal, rheological, morphological, mechanical and biodegradation properties of the blends was evaluated. Ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) analysis of the blends showed that GE improved the light transmission resistance of the materials. The presence of GE resulted in decreased glass transition temperature (Tg) and complex viscosity (η*) values for the blends as opposed to the control sample. Furthermore, η* decreased with the increase in GE content and the η* values were lower than 105 Pa.s. Scanning electronic microscopy analysis revealed that GE improved the interfacial adhesion between TPS and PLA. The tensile modulus (149–414 MPa), tensile strength (5.60–11.6 MPa) and the biodegradability of the blends decreased with GE content, but the water resistance showed an opposite behavior. The GE acted as a plasticizer, compatibilizer and antioxidant for TPS/PLA blends.
A systematic compendium of turtle mandibular anatomy using digital dissections of soft tissue and osteology
Authors: Evers Serjoscha W. , Ponstein Jasper , Jansen Maren A. , Gray Jaimi A. , Fröbisch Jörg
Published: July 2022

Turtles are a charismatic reptile group with a peculiar body plan, which most notably includes the shell. Anatomists have often focused descriptive efforts on the shell and other strongly derived body parts, such as the akinetic skull, or the cervical vertebrae. Other parts of turtle osteology, like the girdles, limbs, and mandibles, are documented with less rigor and detail. The mandible is the primary skeletal element involved in food acquisition and initial food processing of turtles, and its features are thus likely linked to feeding ecology. In addition, the mandible of turtles is composed of up to seven bones (sometimes fused to as little as three) and has thus anatomical complexity that may be insightful for systematic purposes and phylogenetic research. Despite apparent complexity and diversity to the mandible of turtles, this anatomical system has not been systematically studied, not even in search of characters that might improve phylogenetic resolution. Here, we describe the mandibular osteology for all major subclades of extant turtles with the help of digitally dissected 3D models derived from high‐resolution computed tomography (μCT) scans of 70 extant species. We provide 31 fully segmented mandibles, as well as 3D models of the mandibular musculature, innervation, and arterial circulation of the cryptodire Dermatemys mawii. We synthesize observed variation into 51 morphological characters, which we optimize onto a molecular phylogeny. This analysis shows some mandibular characters to have high systematic value, whereas others are highly homoplastic and may underlie ecological influences or other factors invoking variation.
Toward High Energy Density Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , Hwang Jongha , Song Woo‐Jin , Park Soojin
Published: July 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising next‐generation battery system which can mitigate the prevailing issues on the conventional lithium‐ion batteries. However, insufficient energy density with low operating voltage prevents the practical utilization of the aqueous system. Notably, aqueous ZIBs suffer from electrolyte decomposition due to its narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) for 1.23 V. Also, studies on cathode active materials that store charge at an elevated voltage region is still in the initial stage. In this perspective, we cover the recent strategies for developing high‐voltage aqueous ZIBs. First, electrolyte designs for expanding the ESW of an aqueous electrolyte are introduced based on their characterization, materials, and working mechanisms. Next, we propose the cathode active materials with high‐working voltage. Furthermore, studies on zinc anodes are also briefly presented. Lastly, we summarize the as‐reported strategies and provide insight for developing future ZIBs.
The valine‐based N‐doped carbon dots with high peroxidase‐like activity
Authors: Li Ping
Published: July 2022

Developing artificial nanoparticles with peroxidase‐like activity have attracted great interests because their catalytic activity is not easy to lose under harsh conditions compared with natural enzymes. In this work, the N‐doped carbon dots (CDs) were prepared; it was found that the N‐doped CDs showed high peroxidase‐like catalytic activity towards the reaction system of hydrogen peroxide:3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The catalytic mechanism of the N‐doped CDs was explored using electron spin resonance spectra, cyclic voltammetry methods and simulation of density functional theory calculations. This work can offer a new feasible method for synthesizing N‐doped carbon quantum dots used as artificial peroxidases in biological and environment applications.
New horizons in developing cell lysis methods: A review
Authors: Danaeifar Mohsen
Published: July 2022

Cell lysis is an essential step in many studies related to biology and medicine. Based on the scale and medium that cell lysis is carried out, there are three main types of the cell lysis: (1) lysis of the cells in the surrounding environment, (2) lysis of the isolated or cultured cells, and (3) single cell lysis. Conventionally, several cell lysis methods have been developed, such as freeze‐thawing, bead beating, incursion in liquid nitrogen, sonication, and enzymatic and chemical‐based approaches. In recent years, various novel technologies have been employed to develop new methods of cell lysis. The aim of studies in this field is to introduce more precise and efficient tools or to reduce the costs of cell lysis procedures. Nanostructure‐based lysis methods, acoustic oscillation, electrical current, irradiation, bacteria‐mediated cell lysis, magnetic ionic liquids, bacteriophage genes, monolith columns, hydraulic forces, and steam explosion are some examples of newly developed cell lysis methods. Besides the significant advances in this field, there are still many challenges and tools must be further improved.
An unexpected circular shunt: Novel method to treat semilunar valve insufficiency in a single ventricle patient on mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Hagel Jonathon A. , Batlivala Sarosh P. , Morales David L. S. , Shahanavaz Shabana
Published: July 2022

Severe semilunar valve insufficiency in single ventricle patients supported with mechanical circulatory support while awaiting transplant remains a complex clinical scenario with few favorable options for management. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of transcatheter closure of the pulmonic valve in a patient palliated with a hybrid stage 1 procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Iliac “paving & cracking” technique for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Gallitto Enrico , Palmerini Tullio , Saia Francesco , Gargiulo Mauro
Published: July 2022

Challenging femoral/iliac access (CA) can lead to vascular complications which can hamper the clinical benefit of transfemoral (TF) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In this sense, iliac artery rupture is a severe complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of TF‐TAVI managed with the “paving and cracking technique” to overcome CA.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between use of overexpanding an undersized versus nominal‐sized SAPIEN 3 ultra transcatheter heart valve in patients with borderline annulus area
Authors: Basman Craig , Kodra Arber , Pirelli Luigi , Mustafa Ahmad , Wang Denny , Li Angela , Rahming Hamfreth , Lannan Lucille , Schultz Emily , Chaudhary Richard , Arnone Paley , Liu Shangyi , Rutkin Bruce , Maniatis Gregory , Kalimi Robert , Wilson Sean , Jacob Scheinerman S. , Kliger Chad ,   Northwell TAVR Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background

For patients with borderline annulus areas that fall between two valve sizes, overinflating a smaller balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valve (THV) may be preferable to nominal sizing of a larger THV.

Objectives

To evaluate the outcomes of nominal preparation versus over‐expanding an under‐sized SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3U) transcatheter heart valve (OE‐THV) in cases with borderline annuli.

Methods

958 patients that underwent TAVR with the S3U at four high‐volume TAVR centers between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. 336 patients were identified as borderline annuli size, of which 146 (44%) received OE‐THVs and 190 (56%) received nominal‐sized THVs. The primary composite endpoint included: in‐hospital mortality, aortic injury, moderate/severe paravalvular leak (PVL), permanent pacemaker implant (PPM), stroke, or conversion to surgery.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar except for a larger percentage of females in the OE‐THV (53.42% vs. 42.11%, p = 0.04). TAVR with OE‐THV resulted a reduction in the primary composite endpoint (13.69% vs. 22.63%, p = 0.04). On subgroup analysis, there was no difference between 20 mm OE‐THV versus 23 mm nominal or 23 mm OE‐THV versus 26 mm nominal, but there was a reduction in the primary composite endpoint in patients with larger annuli that received a 26 mm OE‐THV compared to the 29 mm nominally sized THV (9.7% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.02). At 1 month and 1 year follow‐up, there was no significant difference in mortality, PVL rates, NYHA class, and/or KCCQ score.

Conclusion

Overinflating a smaller‐sized S3U THV may be a safer option in comparison to nominal sizing in patients with borderline annular area.
Minimalistic hybrid approach for the percutaneous treatment of chronic coronary total occlusions: An in‐depth analysis of the whole algorithm
Authors: Wilgenhof Adriaan , Vescovo Giovanni Maria , Bezzeccheri Andrea , Scott Benjamin , Vermeersch Paul , Convens Carl , Verheye Stefan , Zivelonghi Carlo , Agostoni Pierfrancesco
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The minimalistic hybrid approach (MHA) is an algorithm to perform chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of patients among the five different treatment strategies, the different techniques used in each strategy, the overall procedural success, and the safety of the MHA algorithm.

Methods

Data from a consecutive series of patients with a CTO who underwent elective PCI between February 2019 and July 2021 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

One hundred and forty‐three CTOPCI in 135 patients were approached according to the MHA algorithm: 134 CTO (93.7%) were successfully recanalized and 9 procedures failed. About half of the procedures (48.3%) were approached using strategy A: antegrade “blind wiring” with contralateral retrograde options, making this the most popular strategy. A total of 89 procedures (62.2%) were completed with a single guiding catheter; in 86 (96.6%) a forearm approach was used. The remaining 54 cases were performed with dual access; in the majority of these patients (90.7%), a bilateral forearm approach was used. The only reason to use the femoral access was inadequate forearm access. One hundred and fifty‐four out of 197 (78.2%) access sites were 6 French sheaths.

Conclusion

MHA is a stepwise approach focused on the forearm approach to reduce the number of access sites and catheter size used in CTOPCI while maintaining proficiency and safety. Operators should be warned that this approach should be adopted only by experienced CTO operators who master all the strategies of the classic hybrid algorithm and the forearm approach.
Rational Tuning of the Reactivity of Three‐Membered Heterocycle Ring Openings via SN2 Reactions
Authors: Hansen Thomas , Nin‐Hill Alba , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Rovira Carme
Published: July 2022

The development of small‐molecule covalent inhibitors and probes continuously pushes the rapidly evolving field of chemical biology forward. A key element in these molecular tool compounds is the “electrophilic trap” that allows a covalent linkage with the target enzyme. The reactivity of this entity needs to be well balanced to effectively trap the desired enzyme, while not being attacked by off‐target nucleophiles. Here we investigate the intrinsic reactivity of substrates containing a class of widely used electrophilic traps, the three‐membered heterocycles with a nitrogen (aziridine), phosphorus (phosphirane), oxygen (epoxide) or sulfur atom (thiirane) as heteroatom. Using quantum chemical approaches, we studied the conformational flexibility and nucleophilic ring opening of a series of model substrates, in which these electrophilic traps are mounted on a cyclohexene scaffold (C6H10Y with Y=NH, PH, O, S). It was revealed that the activation energy of the ring opening does not necessarily follow the trend that is expected from C−Y leaving‐group bond strength, but steeply decreases from Y=NH, to PH, to O, to S. We illustrate that the HOMONu–LUMOSubstrateinteraction is an all‐important factor for the observed reactivity. In addition, we show that the activation energy of aziridines and phosphiranes can be tuned far below that of the corresponding epoxides and thiiranes by the addition of proper electron‐withdrawing ring substituents. Our results provide mechanistic insights to rationally tune the reactivity of this class of popular electrophilic traps and can guide the experimental design of covalent inhibitors and probes for enzymatic activity.
Bonding Situation of σ‐E−H Complexes in Transition Metal and Main Group Compounds
Authors: Ríos Pablo , Conejero Salvador , Fernández Israel
Published: July 2022

The ambiguous bonding situation of σ‐E−H (E=Si, B) complexes in transition metal compounds has been rationalized by means of Density Functional Theory calculations. To this end, the combination of the Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) method and its Natural Orbital for Chemical Valance (NOCV) extension has been applied to representative complexes described in the literature where the possible η1versus η2coordination mode is not unambiguously defined. Our quantitative analyses, which complement previous data based on the application of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) approach, indicate that there exists a continuum between genuine η1and η2modes depending mainly on the strength of the backdonation. Finally, we also applied this EDA‐NOCV approach to related main‐group species where the backdonation is minimal.
Copper Nanocluster Enables Simultaneous Photodynamic and Chemo Therapy for Effective Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment in Vitro
Authors: Joseph Merin , Pathiripparambath Muhammed Shafeeque Rahman , Tharayil Hanas , Jayasree Ramapurath S. , Nair Lakshmi V.
Published: July 2022

Metal‐nanocluster‐mediated cancer diagnosis and therapy has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of metal clusters. This type of material is highly useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and further follow‐up of disease. However, a single treatment modality is not sufficient for a complete cure. The use of a multi‐therapeutic strategy is among the most promising methods for effective treatment, along with an early‐stage diagnosis. To address the multiple therapeutic modalities in a single nanomaterial, a copper nanocluster was synthesized using glutathione, having inherent singlet oxygen generation and emission at 674 nm. A tumor‐targeting agent (folic acid) and an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) was conjugated to the copper cluster for cancer diagnosis via targeted imaging and further double therapy (photodynamic and chemotherapy) in vitro. 10.5 μg (18.1 nmol) of drug conjugated copper cluster shows 56 % cell death for 30 second laser irradiation in HeLa cells. Effective cancer cell imaging and therapeutic efficacy are demonstrated in vitro.
Metachronous lesions in the orbit, retroperitoneum, and pleura of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Shiono Ayako , Imai Hisao , Satou Tsugumi , Taguchi Ryo , Takahashi Naoki , Azuma Ryuichi , Yamaguchi Ou , Hashimoto Kosuke , Naito Erika , Iemura Hidetoshi , Miura Yu , Mouri Atsuto , Kaira Kyoichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Kagamu Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Background

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the orbit is rare, often indolent, but can recur, and spread to extra‐nodal sites. Pleural and retroperitoneum recurrences of MALT lymphoma are rare.

Case

A 65‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital due to right pleural effusion and difficulty in breathing. He had a medical history of having undergone surgery for MALT lymphoma of the left orbit. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed right pleural thickness, pleural effusion, and a retroperitoneal mass, spreading from the muscular layer to the subcutaneous layer. The thickened pleural lesion was surgically biopsied and diagnosed as a recurrence of MALT lymphoma.

Conclusion

Pleural effusion should be carefully examined and monitored for the possibility of recurrence in MALT lymphoma patients.
Consistent response for automated multilabel thoracic disease classification
Authors: Su Jiawei , Luo Zhiming , Li Shaozi
Published: July 2022

While recent studies on automated multilabel chest X‐ray (CXR) images classification have shown remarkable progress in leveraging complicated network and attention mechanisms, the automated detection on chest radiographs is still challenging because the pathological patterns are usually highly diverse in their sizes and locations. The CNN model will suffer from the complicated background and high diversity of diseases, which reduce the generalization and performance of the model. To solve these problems, we propose a dual‐distribution consistency (DDC) model, which increases the consistency from two aspects, that is, feature‐level and label‐level. This model integrates two novel loss functions: multilabel response consistency (MRC) loss and distribution consistency (DC) loss. Specifically, we use the original image and its transformed image as inputs to imitate different views of CXR images. The MRC loss encourages the multilabel‐wise attention maps to be consistent between the original CXR image and its transformed counterpart. And the DC loss can force their output probability distributions to be uniform. In this manner, we can make sure that the model can learn discriminative features by using a different view of CXR images. Experiments conducted on the ChestX‐ray14 dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Performance evaluation of accessibility checker tool for educational websites
Authors: Seetha Jayaraman , Ayyadurai Maruthu
Published: July 2022

In recent days, Web 2.0 has become a popular tool including free digital programs which is utilized to create and share student‐created projects and products. They are cooperative, multipurpose, easier to utilize digital platforms which boost students for interacting with others or generate and share individualized response products. At the same time, web accessibility checking tools play a vital role in Web 2.0. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the performance of the accessibility checker (AChecker) tool for education and learning websites in Web 2.0. The AChecker validates HTML content for web accessibility issues by providing the location of the web page, uploading an HTML file, or pasting the whole HTML source code from a website. It generates a report of every web accessibility problem for the chosen guidelines for the known, likely, and potential problems. In addition, the AChecker tool is used to examine a set of 25 websites related to education and learning. Brief performance analysis of the AChecker tool takes place using WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0 guidelines. The experimental outcome indicated that the websites are required to be improved for accessibility by everyone.
Ferrocene Chemistry
Authors: Štěpnička Petr
Published: July 2022

Ferrocene discovery has significantly influenced the development of chemistry and stimulated the rapid growth of organometallic chemistry. During the seven decades of development, ferrocene penetrated nearly all areas of chemistry and found diverse practical applications as such or in the form of various derivatives. In this Editorial, our Guest Editor gives a brief introduction of ferrocene chemistry development and the research in this collection.
C−H Activation Based Functionalization of Furfural Derivatives
Authors: Mori Alessia , Curpanen Sebastien , Pezzetta Cristofer , Perez‐Luna Alejandro , Poli Giovanni , Oble Julie
Published: July 2022

Furfural and related compounds are building blocks of industrial interest, obtained from raw biomass. Their use as precursors of basic and fine chemicals has gained increasing attention as a green alternative to petroleum‐derived compounds. Several works have reported the functionalization of furfurals to obtain a wider range of chemicals, opening up new synthetic possibilities and applications, ranging from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. Among these works, processes based on C−H activation are the most attractive ones for their atom economy and the possibility to use non‐activated substrates. This minireview summarizes the reported methods of direct C−H functionalization of furfurals without prior modification of the redox state of the aldehyde function. In particular, the transition metal catalyzed functionalization of each bond of the heteroaromatic nucleus of these molecules is systematically discussed, as well as examples of C−H transformations of the aldehyde function.
Role of Src kinase in regulating protein kinase C mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1
Authors: Robilotto Gabriella L. , Mohapatra Durga P. , Shepherd Andrew J. , Mickle Aaron D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1), activated by heat, acidic pH, endogenous vanilloids and capsaicin, is essential for thermal hyperalgesia. Under inflammatory conditions, phosphorylation of TRPV1 by protein kinase C (PKC) can sensitize the channel and decrease the activation threshold. Src kinase also phosphorylates TRPV1, promoting channel trafficking to the plasma membrane. These post‐translational modifications are important for several chronic pain conditions. This study presents a previously undescribed relationship between Src and PKC phosphorylation of TRPV1, influencing the thermal hypersensitivity associated with TRPV1 activation.

Methods

We assessed TRPV1 channel activity using intracellular calcium imaging and patch‐clamp electrophysiology in mouse dorsal root ganglion cultures. Additionally, we used behavioural experiments to evaluate plantar thermal sensitivity following intraplantar injections of activators of known modulators of TRPV1 with and without an Src antagonist.

Results

Using calcium imaging and patch‐clamp techniques, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of Src kinase or mutation of the Src phosphorylation site on TRPV1 prevented PKC but not PKA‐mediated sensitization of TRPV1 in vitro. We found that intraplantar injection of the PKC activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or bradykinin produces thermal hypersensitivity that can be attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Src. Additionally, complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)‐induced inflammatory hypersensitivity could also be attenuated by local Src kinase inhibition.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that Src phosphorylation is critical for PKC‐mediated sensitization of TRPV1. Further, in a model of inflammatory pain, CFA, Src kinase inhibition could reduce thermal hypersensitivity. Targeting of Src kinase may have analgesic benefits in inflammatory pain conditions.

Significance

Src kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1 is a critical regulator of the PKC‐induced sensitization induced by multiple inflammatory mediators. This suggest a new regulatory mechanism governing TRPV1 function and a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory type pain, including cancer pain where Src antagonists are currently utilized.
Magnetically recoverable steel slag/TiO2 visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst for paraquat degradation
Authors: Moslemzadeh Mehrdad , Salehfar Hanyieh , Ghanbari Farshid , Aghayani Ehsan , Mahdavianpour Mostafa
Published: July 2022

Paraquat is a bipyridylium herbicide with high solubility in water, which is widely used for aquatic weed control. The purposes of the present study were to introduce a navel TiO2‐based photocatalyst (SCS@Fe‐TiO2) and investigate its performance in paraquat degradation from aqueous solution under visible light. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to optimize pH, catalyst dose, initial concentration of paraquat, and irradiation intensity in the photocatalytic process. The characterization results of the photocatalyst revealed that coating Fe‐TiO2 onto the SCS has improved its photo‐degradation properties. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) results showed that not only doping TiO2 by Fe but also coating Fe‐TiO2 onto the SCS makes a reduction in the bandgap and electron–hole recombination. Totally, the performance of the photocatalytic process was high (90%–99%) and the effect of the parameters studied on the process was significant (p‐value <0.05). The concentration of paraquat and irradiation intensity variables had linear relationships, so increasing the concentration of paraquat reduced the efficiency but the light intensity had the opposite effect. On the other hand, pH and photocatalyst mass had optimum values of 7 and 0.7 g, respectively, so they were the most important variables. and h+ played a crucial role in the photo‐degradation of paraquat by SCS@Fe‐TiO2. SCS@Fe‐TiO2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic reactivity for paraquat over 10 cycles. Finally, the SCS@Fe‐TiO2 would be a promising photocatalyst for the photo‐degradation of paraquat from aqueous solutions under visible light.