bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Predictors for Possible Failure after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sueyoshi Tatsuya , Meding John B. , Davis Kenneth E. , Lackey Wesley G. , Malinzak Robert A. , Ritter Merrill A.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

With the rising number of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) each year, it is increasingly important for surgeons to have evidence-based information on which to determine how often patients should be examined postoperatively. The purpose of this research was to determine whether it is possible to identify – based on Harris Hip Score (HHS) – early signs or predictors of THA failure so that methods of postoperative follow-up can be scheduled in advance of the time frame indicated by those predictors of failure.

Methods

The HHS of 9,949 primary THAs performed from 1973 to 2012 was reviewed retrospectively to identify the clinical predictors of failure. 1,131 hips were completely lost to follow-up, leaving 8,331 primary THAs in 6,979 patients. Time to failure was recorded with Kaplan-Meier analysis performed with aseptic loosening or revision of any component as the endpoint.

Results

Regression analysis revealed that a pain score of 30 or less at any time of follow-up (p<0.0001) was a significant risk and strongly indicative of later failing. A low distance walked score of 5 or less at 6 months (p = 0.0087) and 1 year (p = 0.0167) served as an early predictor of future failure. A lower stairs score of 2 or less was also an early predictor at 1 year (p = 0.0343) and at 3 years (p = 0.0245). A lower limp score of 8 or less was a mid-term predictor at 3 (p = 0.0001), 5 (p = 0.0002), 7 (p = 0.0191) and 10 (0.0028) years postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions

Pain, walk, stairs and limp scores are predictive of THA failure. Surgeons with patients who present with these indicators should optimise postoperative follow-ups to alert their patients.
Distribuição espacial das internações hospitalares de idosos nas cinco regiões do Brasil
Authors: Freitas Denise Cuoghi C. V. , Oliveira Friestino Jane Kelly , Fontenele Pimenta Marta Eugênia , Ferreira José Ferdinando R.
Published: October 2016

O presente estudo analisa os dados de registros de internações hospitalares de sujeitos com 60 anos e mais no Brasil e sua respectiva distribuição espacial nas cinco regiões do país. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, que utiliza dados secundários e retrospectivos referentes às internações hospitalares registrados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no ano de 2013. Os dados foram obtidos em pesquisa por regiões na base nacional do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde. Foram construídos mapas temáticos, utilizando o programa estatístico do Sistema Único de Saúde, de acordo com as malhas cartográficas, buscando identificar a distribuição dos indicadores de acordo com o local de ocorrência da internação. Sabe-se que entre 70% e 80% do total das internações ocorridas a partir da consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde são computadas por meio das autorizações de internações hospitalares. A maior taxa de internação foi por doenças cardiovasculares, equivalente a 24,5% do total de todas as internações, a qual foi seguida pela taxa de doenças respiratórias, de 15,4% e as do aparelho digestivo, com 10,2%. Analisando a distribuição de acordo com as regiões do Brasil, as maiores taxas ponderadas ocorreram na Região Sul. A análise dos dados comprova uma distribuição não homogênea de internações na população. O estudo pode fornecer subsídios técnicos para discussão e elaboração de estratégias específicas para a população idosa residente nessas localidades.
Análise de fatores de risco de queda em idosos internados em um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil
Authors: Kalsing Alice , Oliveira Gabriela Guimarães , Da Silva Ingrid Schierholt , Dantas Neris Jéssika Cefrin , Knorst Mara Regina , Urbanetto Janete De Souza
Published: October 2016

Para analisar os fatores de risco de queda em pacientes geriátricos internados em um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo coorte. Participaram do estudo, 86 idosos hospitalizados em duas unidades de internação (geriátrica e clínica médica), de maio a outubro de 2014. Foram realizadas duas avaliações em cada paciente, no primeiro dia de internação (até 24 horas) e após 72 horas. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade, força muscular (escala de Rossi e Mistrorigo), capacidade funcional (índice de Katz) e risco para quedas (Morse fall scale). A análise foi realizada pela estatística descritiva. Do total de pacientes avaliados, 45 (52,3%) eram do sexo feminino de 41 (47,7%) do sexo masculino. Desses, quarenta sujeitos (46,5%) estavam na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos e 46 (53,5%), na faixa de 80 a 95 anos. Durante o período de avaliação, encontrou-se um declínio nos percentuais da força muscular, o índice de Katz apontou para maior dependência dos pacientes e a Morse fall scale mostrou um aumento dos idosos com elevado risco de quedas, sendo que cerca de 70% dos sujeitos possuíam elevado risco. As análises da Morse fall scale, com idade, sexo, força muscular, e o índice de Katz mostraram associações estatisticamente significantes (p≤0.05). O sexo feminino, a idade avançada, a perda de força muscular e a dependência moderada são fatores estatisticamente significativos para risco de quedas.
Caracterización dedocentes de educación superior y su conceptualización de calidad universitaria
Authors: Rivera de Parada Aydee
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo está basado en un estudio bibliográfico y exploratorio, busca poner en perspectiva los antecedentes de educación superior que ayudan a comprender la caracterización del docente universitario y especialmente cómo los mismos docentes conciben la calidad de la educación superior. Se revisaron antecedentes de la educación superior y la función docente respecto a la calidad universitaria. En la exploración inicial participaron 72 docentes, quienes llenaron un cuestionario semi estructurado publicado en línea, en donde los docentes voluntariamente ofrecieron la información requerida. La mayoría de docentes participantes tienen estudios de posgrado; las edades oscilan de 27 a 72 años y el tiempo de ser docente universitario desde menos de un año, hasta 40 años; 58 de 72 tienen formación en docencia. La conceptualización por un grupo de docentes, la calidad implica una definición multidimensional, muestran claridad de lo que implica la calidad universitaria y hacen énfasis en la formación del estudiante. Otro grupo no tiene mucha claridad de lo que implica la calidad universitaria. Los hallazgos de este sondeo ayudan a comprender qué están pensando los docentes y servirá para estructurar mejor el instrumento y ampliar las técnicas de investigación que incluirán el trabajo con grupos de docentes para construir una estrategia de formación y actualización docente. Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.1 enero-junio 2015; 27-38
Democracia Deliberativa: Marco normativo y herramienta para la participación ciudadana
Authors: Torres Raúl
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura política del diálogo para la paz. Para ello se presenta un marco histórico, conceptual y evaluativo de la democracia deliberativa como horizonte de una cultura política de diálogo y paz, se evalúa un caso concreto de espacio público convocado por el Gobierno de la República (El Consejo Económico Social, CES, 2009), y se recomiendan una serie de variables que permitan construir indicadores para el seguimiento de futuras experiencias. Para ello se adopta un enfoque metodológico exploratorio cualitativo, en el que se propone y documenta un modelo de política democrática “deliberativa”, y desde el cual se evalúan algunas experiencias de diálogo social y político en El Salvador, desde la 1970 hasta la convocatoria en 2009, por parte del Gobierno de la República a la conformación del CES. Como resultados, tenemos un esquema básico de las ideas clave de una concepción de la democracia que puede servir de marco para el ejercicio de una ciudadanía activa; una valoración de la experiencia del CES como un espacio para la deliberación en torno a un problema nacional, como lo es la fiscalidad, que al no llegar a acuerdos sobre ello, deja una experiencia importante para seguir avanzando en diálogos futuros; y, finalmente, una propuesta que permita construir herramientas para el seguimiento (medición), de la calidad de los procesos democráticos deliberativos. Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.2 julio-diciembre 2015; 9-27
Brecha de género a partir de «índice de productividad estudiantil» en jóvenes estudiantes salvadoreños
Authors: Cuéllar-Barandiarán Guillermo , Rivas Montoya Melissa
Published: October 2016

Esta investigación pone a prueba un esquema que examina de manera más integral lo que viene manejándose como “rendimiento académico” en jóvenes estudiantes. Numerosos estudios que tratan este tema muestran diversidad en el concepto así como en su medición, y terminan gestionando cuantificaciones elementales en tramos aislados. Alejado de esta práctica, el presente estudio elaboró otro procedimiento basado en otro concepto sistémico: «Productividad Estudiantil». Tal concepto se afilia a lo que en el análisis económico se formula como el óptimo resultado obtenido al combinar una serie de insumos en un proceso productivo. Partiendo de este entendimiento, la investigación retomó diferentes tasaciones que pueden encontrarse en una secuencia ininterrumpida de dedicación al estudio en una población objetivo. Luego estas tasaciones se condensaron en un «Índice de Productividad Estudiantil». Este I.P.E. fue sometido a una prueba de hipótesis, encontrándose una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la «Productividad Estudiantil» diferenciada por género. Ante tal hallazgo, se sometió a prueba de hipótesis cada una de las tasaciones involucradas en el I.P.E. lo que confirmó una brecha de género en la «Línea de Rendimiento» de la población objeto de estudio observada durante un año y medio a partir de su ingreso a la institución universitaria. La investigación concluye que esta brecha de género debe escudriñarse mejor, confrontándola con la estandarización del bachillerato, y cotejándola con otros estudios que revelan el mismo hallazgo en cuanto al desempeño estudiantil diferenciado por género.Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.2 julio-diciembre 2015; 28-39
Vivencia de una cosmo vision apocalíptica en iglesias evangélicas en situación de riesgo social del municipio de Santa Tecla
Authors: Villavicencio Ayala José Victor
Published: October 2016

Esta es una investigación de tipo etnográfico que se propone comprender de manera profunda las prácticas de los individuos bajo una cosmovisión apocalíptica en iglesias en situación de riesgo social del municipio de Santa Tecla. Estudios como este son importantes debido a la enorme difusión que tienen las ideas apocalípticas en los medios cristianos evangélicos. Se realizó observación participante de julio a septiembre del año 2015, al mismo tiempo que se sostuvieron algunas entrevistas con el pastor general de la iglesia y su liderazgo. El análisis de los datos permitió extender algunas recomendaciones generalizantes ya que Misión Cristiana Roca Eterna puede servir como modelo o parámetro para la vivencia de una cosmovisión apocalíptica integral, con conciencia social y ciudadana.Revista Ciencia, Cultura y Sociedad Vol.2 No.2 julio-diciembre 2015; 56-62
What “big population data” tells us about neurological disorders comorbidity
Authors: Anwar Sara , Cawthorpe David
Published: October 2016

Objective: To use a large population dataset to examine neurological disorder comorbidity. Seventeen main classes of Diagnosed International Classification of Disease (ICD) disorder codes were grouped and compared to ICD-9 Nerurological disorder codes.Methods: Calgary, Alberta, health zone diagnosis, sex and age data from 1994-2009 physician billings (n = 763,449) were grouped and tallied on the basis of the presence or absence of any neurological disorder across the 17 remaining ICD main disorder classes and represented as odds ratios (ORs with 95% confidence intervals).Results: Within the ICD categories the 17 classes were ranked by ORs: Ill-defined conditions (OR 7.42), musculoskeletal and connective tissue system disorders (OR 4.22), and psychiatric disorders (OR 3.81) were the ranked the highest main classes, respectively. Thirteen additonal main classes had ORs greaeter than 2.00.Conclusions: There was a strong relationship between neurological disorders and the ICD main classes. The results of this broad stroke analysis point to the requirement for analysis of the both the temporal relationships (e.g., before vs. after) between neurological disorders and comorbid disorderss as well as more fine-grained description of the specifice intra-class disorders underlying the reported odds ratios.
Studying of Religious Common Themes in Seven Bodies of Nezamy and Eight Heavens of Amir Khusrau Dehlavi
Authors: Ashrafzade Reza , Lotfabadi Shabnam Shafiey
Published: October 2016

Seven bodies of Nezamy is rich trove from symbols, attitudes and different themes that with studying of them, in addition to understanding of global character of Nezamy and his deep thoughts, can went to the beliefs and religious infrastructures of poet. Amir Khusrau Dehlavi as the largest imitator of Nezamy had a particular attitude towards all aspects of seven bodies singing eight heaven. Both poets in singing of common concepts, have placed poetry as a means to express their high ideas. This idea expresses social situation of the age of every poet and on the other hand, it expresses the governing religious, doctrinal, moral principles on that time. In the present article it has been tried that most religious themes are extracted that they are most imitated and adapted themes in terms of terms, combinatory and the rhymes in the two system; they amount the frequency of them is been determined in each system. Also, the most obvious evidences of example are mentioned that it indicates imitation and similar writing. It is obvious in this study that innovative aspects and innovations of Dehlavi in eight heaven are also taken into consideration.
A Comparative Study of Concept and Bases of Frustration of Purpose Doctrine in Iranian and English Law
Authors: Maleki Mohammad Reza , Mohammadzadeh Ali
Published: October 2016

After the conclusion of contract its parties are obliged to perform their contract. If one of the contract parties does not enforce it by some reasons, the other party has the right to bind him to perform the contract. In some cases the non-performance of obligation is not based to the denial of obligator. In English Law, an idea under the title of discharge by frustration has been devoted to this issue and other reasons have been enumerated for it. In this between, Sometimes without the performance of contract is unenforceable, the conditions come into existence which the parties purpose of conclusion of contract are affected and the performance of contract for one or two parties become useless. In this case, the performance of contract is not encountered physically and legally with problem, but the parties intention of conclusion of contract is not within reach anymore. This issue has been set forth for discussion under the title of frustration of purpose and it is a part of the theory of discharge by frustration. In Iranian law, such a theory has not been recognized, but considering some articles of the Civil Code including articles 480,527,551 which seem the bases of this theory are rooted in them, one could believe in this theory in Iranian Law. In this article we intended with the use of reliable sources to have a deliberation in the concept and bases of frustration of purpose doctrine in Iranian and English law.
Social Activities Do not Distract Everyone from Work A Diary Study of Work-Related Perseverative Cognition
Authors: Foucreault Annie , Menard Julie
Published: October 2016

Work-related perseverative cognition (WPC) involves rumination about the past and worry about the future regarding workplace issues. Such cognition impedes workers’ daily recovery and well-being as it fosters prolonged activation of psychological stressors during leisure time. Considering these detrimental effects, it is important, for both theoretical and practical considerations to highlight coping strategies that individuals can use to reduce daily WPC. Previous studies have led to contradictory results regarding the potential of social activities to decrease daily WPC. The aim of this study was to bring new insights on these results by examining how the benefits from time spent on social activities (i.e., reducing WPC) vary according to an individual’s level of neuroticism. A total of 48 daytime workers from a Canadian university completed evening diaries on 10 days during two consecutive workweeks (316 data points). Participants recorded the number of minutes spent on social activities after each workday and the extent to which a series of WPC had crossed their mind during the evening. Results from Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that time spent on social activities was associated to a daily decrease of WPC for workers low in neuroticism but to an increase of WPC for those high in neuroticism. This study suggests that workers high in neuroticism may be less likely to benefit from social activities. The discussion focuses on why potentially protective mechanisms associated with social activities may not be helpful to them. Practical implications based on individuals’ level of neuroticism are offered.
Application of Dynamic Value Stream Mapping in Warehousing Context
Authors: Abdoli Shiva , Kara Sami , Kornfeld Bernard
Published: October 2016

Uncertainty within supply chains increases the risk of not meeting objectives. Warehouses can absorb some of these uncertainties, by accumulating inventory. This accumulation has led many to consider warehouses as a source of waste in supply chains. Hence, there is limited research that seeks improving intrinsic warehouse efficiency; particularly in the context of Lean concepts and Value Stream Mapping (VSM). Since, warehouses seek to absorb uncertainty in supply chain by holding inventory; this uncertainty absorption may introduce variability to warehousing function itself. Therefore a methodology is required, which can capture the embodied dynamic within warehousing function. This paper reflects Lean concepts and, in particular, VSM to warehousing context and introduces some methods and guidelines to assure the proper application of VSM in what is an uncertain and dynamic system. In this paper, warehousing function is formulated based on some abstract processes which vary on their output status. This formulation facilitates identifying value-adding activities as one of the most substantial steps, yet confusing in application of VSM in warehousing context. The suggested methods enable fundamental statistical/mathematical analysis, which leverage VSM to a more dynamic evaluation tool. Application of the introduced approach will facilitate the decision making process for warehouse systems evaluation and improvement. The resultant methodology is applied to a factual case and this serves to demonstrate its practical application. It is worth mentioning that the findings applications, which can be termed ‘dynamic VSM’, are not limited to warehouses but can also be applied to any dynamic environment with non-deterministic processes.
Marketing de Relacionamento sob a ótica das análises de redes e bibliometria.
Authors: Trigo Irineu Lopes , D'Angelo Max , Junqueira Luciano A. Prates , João Belmiro Nascimento
Published: October 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo delinear uma perspectiva da teoria e da evolução do relationship marketing na disciplina de Marketing. Por meio de técnicas bibliométricas e análise de redes sociais, investigou-se dez periódicos de maior número de citações nos últimos cinco anos na área de Marketing. Foram identificados 212 artigos no período entre 1987 a 2015, sendo objeto de análise: os periódicos, os pesquisadores, a produção científica ao longo do tempo, a rede de coautoria e a rede de cocitação. Os resultados encontrados apontam para um amadurecimento do campo de pesquisa na área, mas com baixa coesão entre os pesquisadores e instituições e, dentre elas, predominância das norte-americanas com pouca parceria com outros centros. Embora com alcance limitado, em função do foco nos principais periódicos de marketing, os dados gerados mostram um campo de pesquisa ainda fragmentado sobre a teoria do relationship marketing.
Analizando redes sociales
Authors: Holgado Ramos Daniel
Published: October 2016

“Analyzing Social Networks” de Steve P. Borgatti, Martin G. Everett y Jeffrey C. Johnson (2013) es un nuevo manual de iniciación en el ARS, que pretende responder a algunas de las dificultades detectadas en el uso del ARS en las Ciencias Sociales. Para ello cuenta, a nuestro parecer, con la virtud de ser capaz de ir más allá de las definiciones de los conceptos básicos de centralidad, cohesión, etc., mostrando (a) una perspectiva diferente sobre el análisis de la realidad social que requiere de nuevas estrategias de investigación y (b) lo suficiente de las raíces teóricas y matemáticas de estos conceptos como para ser accesible y útil para cualquier perfil de lectores y usuarios (tanto para los recién llegados como para los avanzados). En este sentido, los autores han encontrado el equilibrio adecuado entre las orientaciones formativa y reflexiva en torno al ARS, lo que convierte a esta obra en un manual muy adecuado tanto para su inclusión en el contexto de la formación, como para su uso como obra de consulta en el contexto de investigación. Todo ello con un objetivo aplicado, basada en el uso de software para el análisis y con ejemplos pertinentes y ampliamente conocidos en el contexto del ARS.
Paixões anônimas: Flash Mobs e o tempo intersubjetivo
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Allain Sandrine , Ramalho e Oliveira Sandra Regina ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo visa discutir parte da obra antológica, ainda sem tradução para o português, intitulada em francês Passions sans noms, de autoria do semioticista Eric Landowski, aproximando suas postulações teóricas das manifestações culturais denominadas Flash Mobs. Almeja-se, deste modo, delinear a produção dos sentidos destas manifestações à luz dos regimes de interação e de sentido, tal como reestruturados pelo autor ao longo de sua produção teórica. Num meio contemporâneo propício, com novas tecnologias que facilitaram o surgimento dos Flash Mobs, estas manifestações propositalmente súbitas e efêmeras são passíveis de análise sob pressupostos semióticos que abarquem interseções entre regimes de interação programados e acidentais.
Sobre entender, conhecer, escrever (e viver) uma tese
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Jardim Filho Airton Jordani
Published: October 2016

presente artigo apresenta questões relativas a escrita de minha tese de doutorado. Dos requisitos básicos para escrever até o foco principal da pesquisa, passando pelo exercício de analisar o trabalho de outros pesquisadores e as relações possíveis com o projeto de minha tese. Traz, ainda, uma breve apresentação de Aloísio Magalhães - precursor do design gráfico no Brasil - abordando uma de suas facetas menos (re)conhecidas, a de artista visual. Através de seus Cartemas Aloísio, apropriou-se do cartão postal para criar uma arte acessível a todos e que convidava o público à interação e ao engajamento. Por fim, de que maneira pretendo trabalhar com a obra de Aloísio com o objetivo de contribuir para a prá-tica diária do professor de artes visuais, por meio dos instrumentos gerados por esta pesquisa.
William Williams' short-shorts
Authors: Heitmann Rolf Gerd
Published: October 2016

Rolf Gerd Heitmann: William Williams' short-shorts
9/11 i arabisk fiktion
Authors: Moestrup Elisabeth A.
Published: October 2016

Elisabeth A. Moestrup: 9/11 i arabisk fiktion
Utopiens grænser i Den amerikanske revolution
Authors: Jespersen Mikkel Birk
Published: October 2016

Mikkel Birk Jespersen: "Utopiens grænser i Den amerikanske revolution - Om utopiske tekststrategier i Common Sense og Letters from an American Farmer"AbstractMikkel Birk Jespersen: “Boundaries of Utopia in the American Revolution: On Utopian Text Strategies in Common Sense and Letters from an American Farmer”The article discusses the relations between utopia, literature and revolution in the American Revolution through an analysis of Tom Paine’s Common Sense (1776) and J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer (1782). It is arguedthat utopia constitutes a textual function whose ‘non-place’ or ‘point zero’ is not reducible to a political logic, but rather presents a challenge to it. In the revolution, however, the different logics of utopia and of the political can be said to confront each other, hereby illuminating the contradictions of both. The constellation of the two texts brings out the contradictory nature of utopia, as the texts have opposed approaches to the revolution and are characterised by two different utopian logics.
La noción kantiana de verdad trascendental
Authors: Straulino Torre Stéfano
Published: October 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es dilucidar la noción de “verdad trascendental” y mostrar su lugar en el sistema kantiano. Se defenderá que la verdad trascendental consiste, en línea con la definición tradicional de verdad, en un sentido de correspondencia entre conocimiento y objeto, que la lógica trascendental establece criterios de verdad trascendental, y que es esta noción de verdad la que permite establecer la verdad del conocimiento a priori y delimitar el territorio de la verdad empírica.
El malestar kantiano. Filosofía y ciencia al encuentro con la naturaleza
Authors: Guevara Juan Felipe
Published: October 2016

La naturaleza constituye un concepto problemático en la filosofía crítica kantiana pues, por un lado, se trata de una entidad pasiva determinable mecánicamente mientras que, por otro, adquiere un carácter productivo que sólo puede ser aprehendido a través de la reflexión. Esta ambigüedad del concepto de naturaleza ha posibilitado la emergencia de recientes interpretaciones que encuentran en Kant algún tipo de empresa naturalista o que su filosofía es naturalizable. Sin embargo, en el presente artículo pretendo utilizar dicha ambigüedad para mostrar los problemas de las interpretaciones naturalistas/naturalizantes y alumbrar un sentido de naturaleza como terreno de encuentro entre filosofía y ciencia.
Solubility of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in water, ethanol and their binary mixtures
Authors: CELAYA LILIANA , Kolb Eugenio , Kolb Nicolas
Published: October 2016

In order to investigate the solubility of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A in different solvents (ethanol, water, ethanol:water 30:70 and ethanol:water 70:30), supersaturated solutions of pre-crystalized steviol glycosides were maintained at different temperatures (from 5 °C to 50 °C) to reach equilibrium. Under these conditions significant differences were found in the extent of solubility. Rebaudioside A was poorly soluble in ethanol and water, and Stevioside was poorly soluble in water. Solvent mixtures more effectively promoted solubilisation, and a significant effect of temperature on solubility was observed. The two steviol glycosides showed higher solubilities and this behavior was promoted by the presence of the other sweetener. The polarity indices of the solvents were determined, and helped to explain the observed behavior. Several solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions can occur, along with the incidence of a strong affinity between solvents. The obtained results are in accordance with technological applications of ethanol, water and their binary mixtures for Stevioside and Rebaudioside A separations.
Effect of roasting regime on phytochemical properties of Senna occidentalis seeds
Authors: Adekunle Olapade Abiodun , Adedamola Ajayi Oreofeoluwatomi
Published: October 2016

Senna occidentalis seeds were roasted at varying temperatures of 190, 210 and 230 °C each for 10, 15 and 20 min. Phytochemicals of the roasted seeds were determined using standard methods. The phytochemicals analysed were tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, oxalate and phenolics. Phytochemicals are compounds hypothesized for much of the disease-protection provided by diets high in fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals and plant-based beverages. This study has clearly shown that roasting time and temperature have significant effects on the seed parameters analyzed. There was an increase in tannin, alkaloid, saponin and phenolic contents and a decrease in the contents of flavonoids and oxalates.
Modeling the global bomb tritium transient signal with the AGCM LMDZ‐iso: A method to evaluate aspects of the hydrological cycle
Authors: Cauquoin A. , Jean‐Baptiste P. , Risi C. , Fourré É. , Landais A.
Published: October 2016

Improving the representation of the hydrological cycle in atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) is one of the main challenges in modeling the Earth's climate system. One way to evaluate model performance is to simulate the transport of water isotopes. Among those available, tritium is an extremely valuable tracer, because its content in the different reservoirs involved in the water cycle (stratosphere, troposphere, and ocean) varies by order of magnitude. Previous work incorporated natural tritium into Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom (LMDZ)‐iso, a version of the LMDZ general circulation model enhanced by water isotope diagnostics. Here for the first time, the anthropogenic tritium injected by each of the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests between 1945 and 1980 has been first estimated and further implemented in the model; it creates an opportunity to evaluate certain aspects of LDMZ over several decades by following the bomb tritium transient signal through the hydrological cycle. Simulations of tritium in water vapor and precipitation for the period 1950–2008, with both natural and anthropogenic components, are presented in this study. LMDZ‐iso satisfactorily reproduces the general shape of the temporal evolution of tritium. However, LMDZ‐iso simulates too high a bomb tritium peak followed by too strong a decrease of tritium in precipitation. The too diffusive vertical advection in AGCMs crucially affects the residence time of tritium in the stratosphere. This insight into model performance demonstrates that the implementation of tritium in an AGCM provides a new and valuable test of the modeled atmospheric transport, complementing water stable isotope modeling.
In vivo mapping of a dynamic ribonucleoprotein granule interactome in early Drosophila embryos
Authors: Zheng Jimiao , Gao Ming , Huynh Nhan , Tindell Samuel J. , Vo Hieu D. L. , McDonald W. Hayes , Arkov Alexey L.
Published: October 2016

Macromolecular complexes and organelles play crucial roles within cells, but their native architectures are often unknown. Here, we use an evolutionarily conserved germline organelle, the germ granule, as a paradigm. In Drosophila embryos, we map one of its interactomes using a novel in vivo crosslinking approach that employs two interacting granule proteins and determines their common neighbor molecules. We identified an in vivo granule assembly of Tudor, Aubergine, motor and metabolic proteins, and RNA helicases, and provide evidence for direct interactions within this assembly using purified components. Our study indicates that germ granules contain efficient biochemical reactors involved in post‐transcriptional gene regulation.
Middle ear abnormalities in Van Maldergem syndrome
Authors: Verheij Emmy , Thomeer Henricus G. X. M. , Pameijer Frank A. , Topsakal Vedat
Published: October 2016

Van Maldergem syndrome (VMS) is a very rare syndrome that was first described in 1992. The main features of this syndrome comprise intellectual disability, blepharo‐naso‐facial malformation, and hand anomalies. Almost all nine described patients have been shown to be affected by conductive hearing impairment attributed to microtia, and atresia of the outer ear canal. Here, we present a VMS patient with congenital malformations of the middle ear as the main reason for severe conductive bilateral hearing impairment. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe middle ear abnormalities in VMS. These malformations were seen on high resolution Computed Tomography scanning and during an exploratory tympanotomy. Due to the severity of the middle ear abnormalities and the risk for facial nerve damage, the patient was not offered an ossicular chain reconstruction but a bone conduction device after this exploratory tympanotomy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Marfan syndrome‐like phenotype caused by a neocentromeric supernumerary ring chromosome 15
Authors: Quinonez Shane C. , Gelehrter Thomas D. , Uhlmann Wendy R.
Published: October 2016

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are abnormal chromosomes that cannot be characterized by standard banding cytogenetic techniques. A minority of sSMC contain a neocentromere, which is an ectopic centromere lacking the characteristic alpha‐satellite DNA. The phenotypic manifestations of sSMC and neocentromeric sSMC are variable and range from severe intellectual disability and multiple congenital anomalies to a normal phenotype. Here we report a patient with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome and infertility found to have an abnormal karyotype consisting of a chromosome 15 deletion and a ring‐type sSMC likely stabilized by a neocentromere derived via a mechanism initially described by Barbara McClintock in 1938. Analysis of the sSMC identified that it contained the deleted chromosome 15 material and also one copy of FBN1, the gene responsible for Marfan syndrome. We propose that the patient's diagnosis arose from disruption of the FBN1 allele on the sSMC. To date, a total of 29 patients have been reported with an sSMC derived from a chromosomal deletion. We review these cases with a specific focus on the resultant phenotypes and note significant difference between this class of sSMC and other types of sSMC. Through this review we also identified a patient with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 who lacked a family history of the condition but was found to have a chromosome 17‐derived sSMC that likely contained NF1 and caused the patient's disorder. We also review the genetic counseling implications and recommendations for a patient or family harboring an sSMC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alcohol‐ and Amine‐Tolerant Synthesis of Six‐Membered Cyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts by Using a Triazine‐Based Reagent
Authors: Kitamura Masanori , Yamamura Seina , Yamada Kohei , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: October 2016

Six‐membered cyclic quaternary ammonium salts, which are widely used in materials for both science and industry, were synthesized by using the triazine‐based reagent 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine. The combination of sodium tetrafluoroborate as an additive and acetonitrile as a solvent was shown to be effective in the prevention of side reactions. Significantly, this method is tolerant toward hydroxy and amino groups, which are labile under conventional reaction conditions for the synthesis of cyclic quaternary ammonium salts. Moreover, a sterically hindered piperidinium salt was successfully prepared.
Lochtransportmaterialien für Perowskit‐Solarzellen
Authors: Calió Laura , Kazim Samrana , Grätzel Michael , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: October 2016

In Anbetracht des riesigen Bedarfs an erneuerbaren Energien sind in den letzten Jahren die Forschungen in der Photovoltaik intensiviert worden. Ein großer Durchbruch war die Entdeckung, dass Perowskite als Lichtsammler eingesetzt werden können. Der Wirkungsgrad von Perowskit‐Solarzellen liegt bereits in der Größenordnung etablierter Photovoltaiktechnologien (>22%), die über Jahrzehnte erforscht und optimiert wurden. Eine bislang unverzichtbare Komponente von Perowskit‐Solarzellen ist das Lochtransportmaterial (HTM). Perowskite leiten selbst ebenfalls Elektronenlöcher, da diese aber nur in geringen Mengen vorhanden sind, muss eine HTM‐Schicht verwendet werden, um eine effiziente Ladungsextraktion zu gewährleisten. Wir bieten hier einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Arten von organischen und anorganischen HTMs und hoffen damit, die weitere Erforschung und Optimierung dieser Materialien zu unterstützen.
Direct Identification of Protein–Protein Interactions by Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Vera Andrés M. , Carrión‐Vázquez Mariano
Published: October 2016

Single‐molecule force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscopy (AFM‐SMFS) has allowed the measurement of the intermolecular forces involved in protein‐protein interactions at the molecular level. While intramolecular interactions are routinely identified directly by the use of polyprotein fingerprinting, there is a lack of a general method to directly identify single‐molecule intermolecular unbinding events. Here, we have developed an internally controlled strategy to measure protein–protein interactions by AFM‐SMFS that allows the direct identification of dissociation force peaks while ensuring single‐molecule conditions. Single‐molecule identification is assured by polyprotein fingerprinting while the intermolecular interaction is reported by a characteristic increase in contour length released after bond rupture. The latter is due to the exposure to force of a third protein that covalently connects the interacting pair. We demonstrate this strategy with a cohesin–dockerin interaction.
γ′‐Selective Functionalization of Cyclic Enones: Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Center by [4+2] Cycloaddition/Retro‐Mannich Reaction with 3‐Substituted Maleimides
Authors: Zou Chuncheng , Zeng Chuikun , Liu Zhen , Lu Min , Sun Xiaohua , Ye Jinxing
Published: October 2016

The first example of organocatalyzed γ′‐selective functionalization of cyclic enones with 3‐substituted maleimides results in the stereoselective construction quaternary carbon center is presented. The reactions provided γ′‐functionalized cyclic enones and β‐functionalized cyclopentenones in good to excellent yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations indicated that the reaction might proceed as a [4+2] cycloaddition/retro‐Mannich reaction which could explain the unexpected product with a chiral quaternary carbon center and the excellent stereoselectivity.
Directed Evolution of a Fluorinase for Improved Fluorination Efficiency with a Non‐native Substrate
Authors: Sun Huihua , Yeo Wan Lin , Lim Yee Hwee , Chew Xinying , Smith Derek John , Xue Bo , Chan Kok Ping , Robinson Robert C. , Robins Edward G. , Zhao Huimin , Ang Ee Lui
Published: October 2016

Fluorinases offer an environmentally friendly alternative for selective fluorination under mild conditions. However, their diversity is limited in nature and they have yet to be engineered through directed evolution. Herein, we report the directed evolution of the fluorinase FlA1 for improved conversion of the non‐native substrate 5′‐chloro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine (5′‐ClDA) into 5′‐fluoro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine (5′‐FDA). The evolved variants, fah2081 (A279Y) and fah2114 (F213Y, A279L), were successfully applied in the radiosynthesis of 5′‐[18F]FDA, with overall radiochemical conversion (RCC) more than 3‐fold higher than wild‐type FlA1. Kinetic studies of the two‐step reaction revealed that the variants show a significantly improved kcat value in the conversion of 5′‐ClDA into S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) but a reduced kcat value in the conversion of SAM into 5′‐FDA.
High Affinity Recognition of a Selected Amino Acid Epitope within a Protein by Cucurbit[8]uril Complexation
Authors: Sonzini Silvia , Marcozzi Alessio , Gubeli Raphael J. , van der Walle Christopher F. , Ravn Peter , Herrmann Andreas , Scherman Oren A.
Published: October 2016

Supramolecular interactions between the host cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and amino acids have been widely interrogated, but recognition of specific motifs within a protein domain have never been reported. A phage display approach was herein used to select motifs with the highest binding affinity for the heteroternary complex with methyl viologen and CB[8] (MV⋅CB[8]) within a vast pool of cyclic peptide sequences. From the selected motifs, an epitope consisting of three amino acid was extrapolated and incorporated into a solvent‐exposed loop of a protein domain; the protein exhibited micromolar binding affinity for the MV⋅CB[8] complex, matching that of the cyclic peptide. By achieving selective CB[8]‐mediated conjugation of a small molecule to a recombinant protein scaffold we pave the way to biomedical applications of this simple ternary system.
Nucleophil‐dirigierte Stereokontrolle über Glykosylierungsreaktionen durch geminal‐difluorierte Nucleophile
Authors: Schumann Benjamin , Parameswarappa Sharavathi G. , Lisboa Marilda P. , Kottari Naresh , Guidetti Fabio , Pereira Claney L. , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: October 2016

Die Glykosylierung ist der wichtigste Schritt bei der Synthese komplexer Oligosaccharide, oft allerdings mit geringer Kontrolle der Stereoselektivität verbunden. Die Einführung cis‐glykosidischer Bindungen ist besonders aufwändig und kann bislang fast nur durch Wahl von Glykosylierungsreagens oder Reaktionsbedingungen kontrolliert werden. Hier wird gezeigt, dass die Wahl des Nucleophils eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Stereokontrolle von Glykosylierungen spielt. Durch Einführung zweier Fluorsubstituenten wird die O‐Nucleophilie eines aliphatischen Aminoalkohols herabgesetzt, was zu einer Umkehr der Stereoselektivität von Glykosylierungen zugunsten der gewünschten cis‐Glykoside in einer Reihe von Substraten führt. Dieses Prinzip wurde beim Entwurf eines cis‐selektiven Linkers für die automatisierte Glykansynthese angewendet. Fluorierung eines Aminoalkohol‐Linkers beeinträchtigt nicht die Immobilisierung und Erkennung von Glykanen durch Lektine in Glykan‐Mikroarray‐Experimenten. Fluorierte Linker eignen sich zur Herstellung α‐terminierender Glykanstrukturen für den Aufbau von Glykokonjugaten.
Highly Selective Hydroboration of Alkenes, Ketones and Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Well‐Defined Manganese Complex
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Zeng Haisu , Wu Jing , Yin Zhiwei , Zheng Shengping , Fettinger James C.
Published: October 2016

Well‐defined manganese complexes based on inexpensive, readily available ligands, 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and its derivatives have been prepared and employed for the selective hydroboration of alkenes, ketones and aldehydes. Highly Markovnikov regioselective hydroboration of styrenes as well as excellent chemoselective hydroboration of ketones over alkenes were achieved, for the first time, by an earth‐abundant manganese catalyst.
Optimized Tetrazine Derivatives for Rapid Bioorthogonal Decaging in Living Cells
Authors: Fan Xinyuan , Ge Yun , Lin Feng , Yang Yi , Zhang Gong , Ngai William Shu Ching , Lin Zhi , Zheng Siqi , Wang Jie , Zhao Jingyi , Li Jie , Chen Peng R.
Published: October 2016

The inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iDA) reaction has recently been repurposed as a bioorthogonal decaging reaction by accelerating the elimination process after an initial cycloaddition between trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (TZ). Herein, we systematically surveyed 3,6‐substituted TZ derivatives by using a fluorogenic TCO–coumarin reporter followed by LC‐MS analysis, which revealed that the initial iDA cycloaddition step was greatly accelerated by electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs) while the subsequent elimination step was strongly suppressed by EWGs. In addition, smaller substituents facilitated the decaging process. These findings promoted us to design and test unsymmetric TZs bearing an EWG group and a small non‐EWG group at the 3‐ and 6‐position, respectively. These TZs showed remarkably enhanced decaging rates, enabling rapid iDA‐mediated protein activation in living cells.
Schwefelylide durch (3+2)‐Cycloaddition von Arinen mit Vinylsulfiden – stereoselektive Synthese hoch substituierter Alkene
Authors: Li Yuanming , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido
Published: October 2016

Die Reaktion von in situ erzeugten Arinen mit Vinylsulfiden liefert benzanellierte Schwefelylide in einer (3+2)‐Cycloaddition. Die intermediär auftretenden Ylide lassen sich mit Elektrophilen abfangen (über Protontransfer oder durch erneute Arinaddition) und nach anschließender β‐Eliminierung mit hoher Stereoselektivität in di‐, tri‐ oder tetra‐substituierte Alkene überführen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen und DFT‐Rechnungen beleuchten den Mechanismus dieser Kaskadenreaktion.
Starker Hinweis auf einen Phosphanoxylkomplex: Bildung, Bindung und Reaktivität komplexgebundener P‐Analoga von Nitroxiden
Authors: Heurich Tobias , Nesterov Vitaly , Schnakenburg Gregor , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Hazin Khatera , Gates Derek P. , Engeser Marianne , Streubel Rainer
Published: October 2016

Der einfache Zugang zu [W(CO)5(Ph2P‐OTEMP)] wurde in dieser Studie benutzt, um transiente Phosphanoxylkomplexe [MLn(R2PO)] zu erzeugen und ihre Eigenschaften und Reaktionen zu untersuchen. Der erste solche Komplex konnte durch das Tritylradikal in einer Heterokupplungsreaktion abgefangen werden. Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass P‐Nitroxylkomplexe als Radikalinitiatoren in der Styrolpolymerisation wirken können. Die Frage nach P‐O‐ oder O‐N‐Bindungshomolyse und der erste Schritt der Polymerisation wurden mittels DFT‐Methoden untersucht.
An Electron‐Deficient Azacoronene Obtained by Radial π Extension
Authors: Żyła‐Karwowska Marika , Zhylitskaya Halina , Cybińska Joanna , Lis Tadeusz , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Stępień Marcin
Published: October 2016

A hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene derivative containing 37 fused rings, the largest such system to date, was obtained from a naphthalenomonoimide–pyrrole hybrid in a concise and efficient synthesis. This large heterocycle is electron‐deficient and shows extended redox activity, spanning at least 13 oxidation levels, but is otherwise chemically stable. Radial expansion of the π system creates a chromophore characterized by strong fluorescence and solvatochromism in the neutral state, and strong near‐infrared absorption in the charged states. Additionally, the enlarged and ruffled aromatic surface supports a unique self‐assembly mode in the crystal, leading to the formation of highly solvated organic clathrates.
Platinum Alloy Tailored All‐Weather Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting from Sun and Rain
Authors: Tang Qunwei , Duan Yanyan , He Benlin , Chen Haiyan
Published: October 2016

Solar cells that can harvest energy in all weathers are promising in solving the energy crisis and environmental problems. The power outputs are nearly zero under dark conditions for state‐of‐the‐art solar cells. To address this issue, we present herein a class of platinum alloy (PtMx, M=Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo) tailored all‐weather solar cells that can harvest energy from rain and realize photoelectric conversion under sun illumination. By tuning the stoichiometric Pt/M ratio and M species, the optimized solar cell yields a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10.38 % under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2) as well as current of 3.90 μA and voltage of 115.52 μV under simulated raindrops. Moreover, the electric signals are highly dependent on the dripping velocity and the concentration of simulated raindrops along with concentrations of cation and anion.
Catalytic Asymmetric Allylboration of Indoles and Dihydroisoquinolines with Allylboronic Acids: Stereodivergent Synthesis of up to Three Contiguous Stereocenters
Authors: Alam Rauful , Diner Colin , Jonker Sybrand , Eriksson Lars , Szabó Kálmán J.
Published: October 2016

The catalytic asymmetric allylboration of cyclic imines with γ,γ‐disubstituted allylboronic acids provides products with adjacent stereocenters in high yield and stereoselectivity. Various electrophiles, including 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines and indoles, were prenylated in a fully stereodivergent fashion by switching the E/Z geometry of the allylboronate and/or the enantiomer of the BINOL catalyst. 3‐Methylindole provided products with three adjacent stereocenters with high stereoselectivity in one synthetic operation.