bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Is It Possible to Create Identical Organic Color-Centers?
Authors: Wang YuHuang , Qu Haoran , Fortner Jacob , Wu James , Lee Seungyeop , Wang Mengyue , Kozawa Daichi , Kato Yuichiro K. , Barnes Benjamin , Fagan Jeffrey , Han Yulun , Kilina Svetlana V. , Kilin Dmitri S. , Tretiak Sergei
Published: August 2024

Organic Color-Centers (OCCs) are rapidly emerging as a unique family of color centers, distinguished by their rich chemistry and photophysics. Their potential to significantly enhance bio-imaging techniques, refine molecular sensing methods, and advance quantum information sciences is enormous. However, a significant challenge arises from the diverse bonding configurations on the sp2 carbon lattice, which leads to inconsistent quantum emissions – a major hurdle for applications demanding precision. Our study addresses this challenge by synthesizing divalent OCCs with reduced heterogeneity. In this talk, we will discuss our methods and the findings that emerged, emphasizing the feasibility and implications of realizing identical color centers. Achieving this milestone could be transformative for quantum applications, directly impacting the fields of imaging, sensing, and quantum information processing by providing a level of precision and reliability previously unattainable.
(Invited) Machine Learning in Chemistry: Reactive Force Fields for Carbon Structure Formation
Authors: Tretiak Sergei
Published: August 2024

Machine learning (ML) became a premier tool for modeling chemical processes and materials properties. ML interatomic potentials have become an efficient alternative to computationally expensive quantum chemistry simulations. In the case of reactive chemistry designing high-quality training data sets is crucial to overall model accuracy. To address this challenge, we develop a general reactive ML interatomic potential through unbiased active learning with an atomic configuration sampler inspired by nanoreactor molecular dynamics. The resulting model is then applied to study five distinct condensed-phase reactive chemistry systems: carbon solid-phase nucleation, graphene ring formation from acetylene, biofuel additives, combustion of methane and the spontaneous formation of glycine from early-earth small molecules. In all cases, the results closely match experiment and/or previous studies using traditional model chemistry methods. Importantly, the model does not need to be refit for each application, enabling high throughput in silico reactive chemistry experimentation.
Radical-Mediated Creation of Fluorescent Defects in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lin Ching-Wei , Lee Lin-Yang , Sun Han-Sheng
Published: August 2024

The fluorescent defects in carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated to give exceeding optical properties such as room temperature single photon emissions at telecom wavelengths. A handful of methods for creating these defects have been invented in the past 13 years and provides practical guidelines for obtaining desired functional groups. However, most reactions are performed in the aqueous solution, and the transfer of the single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from aqueous to organic solvents are usually challenging. This gives barriers for applications that require SWCNTs to be dissolved in an organic solvent. Here, we introduce controlled creations of three different fluorescent defects in carbon nanotube hosts in organic solvents using a single radical initiator. We achieved selective creations of benzyl, phenyl, and benzoyloxy defects by controlling the reaction conditions such as dissolved oxygen concentration, reaction temperature, solvents, and addition of radical scavengers. It is worth noting that the both radical initiator and solvent can provide functional groups at the defect sites through radical reaction. We believe that this method will serve as a practical platform for designing new fluorescent defects in the organic phase.
New Insights into the Guanine Functionalization of ssDNA-Coated SWCNTs
Authors: Soltani Nima , MacMurray Ryan R. , Bachilo Sergei M. , Weisman R. Bruce
Published: August 2024

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a class of nanomaterials that due to their unique physical and chemical properties hold great promise for use in future nanoelectronics, engineered smart materials, and biomedical applications. The discovery of the guanine functionalization reaction1 that allows for tailored band gap modulation of carbon nanotubes has sparked interest in prospects for new applications and improved photophysical insights.

In this work, we build upon knowledge gained by previous studies of guanine functionalization to use this reaction as a tool to better understand the nature of these hybrids. Using sorted samples, we analyze E11 spectral shapes of band-gap modified SWCNTs to infer single-site exciton perturbations. These results are correlated with Raman spectra to estimate the fraction of guanine sites that become covalently bonded. Further information is obtained from experimental studies of ionic strength dependence and molecular dynamics simulations of ssDNA-wrapped SWCNT structures prior to guanine functionalization.

(1) Zheng, Y.; Bachilo, S. M.; Weisman, R. B. Controlled Patterning of Carbon Nanotube Energy Levels by Covalent DNA Functionalization. ACS Nano
2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b03488.
(Invited) Probing Charge Carrier-Induced Changes in the Complex Dielectric Function in Carbon Nanotube Dispersions
Authors: Ferguson Andrew J , Earley Justin , Hermosilla Palacios Martha Alejandra , Murrey Tucker , Martinez Marissa , Rumbles Garry , Spokoyny Alexander , Reid Obadiah , Blackburn Jeff
Published: August 2024

The injection of charge carriers into pi-conjugated semiconductors, whether by electrochemical injection or chemical charge transfer, is a powerful approach to tune their electrical conductivity. Recently, the concept of dielectric catastrophe, where the charge carrier density is sufficiently large to significantly alter the intrinsic dielectric properties, has been demonstrated at high doping levels in organic semiconductor thin films. The observed increase in the dielectric constant leads to reduced coulombic interactions between charge carriers and the associated counterions, promoting enhanced free carrier generation and transport.

Here, we employ a combination of steady state optical spectroscopy, quantitative 19F NMR studies, and microwave dielectric loss spectroscopy to probe charge carrier density and transport in doped single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions. We demonstrate that a similar dielectric catastrophe phenomenon can be observed even in isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a low dielectric constant solvent AND, perhaps more surprisingly, at carrier densities less than one carrier per nanotube. The precise details of the observed changes in complex dielectric function are dependent on the chemical structure of the charge-transfer dopant, with a near-instantaneous increase in the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity observed for low carrier densities using bulky benzyloxy-substituted icosahedral dodecaborane cluster dopants, DDBs. We attribute the observations to weak coulombic interactions between the injected charge carrier and the dopant counterion, along with the large polarizability afforded by the unique physicochemical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. If time permits, we will show results from recent studies where we extend this approach to the doping of other nanocarbons.
(Invited) Resonant Exciton Transfer in Mixed-Dimensional Heterostructures for Overcoming Dimensional Restrictions in Optical Processes
Authors: Fang Nan , Chang Yih-Ren , Yamashita Daiki , Fujii Shun , Maruyama Mina , Gao Yanlin , Fong Chee F. , Otsuka Keigo , Nagashio Kosuke , Okada Susumu , Kato Yuichiro K.
Published: August 2024

Nanomaterials exhibit unique optical phenomena, in particular excitonic quantum processes occurring at room temperature. The low dimensionality, however, imposes strict requirements for conventional optical excitation, and an approach for bypassing such restrictions is desirable. Here we report on exciton transfer in carbon-nanotube/tungsten-diselenide heterostructures, where band alignment can be systematically varied. The mixed-dimensional heterostructures display a pronounced exciton reservoir effect where the longer-lifetime excitons within the two-dimensional semiconductor are funneled into carbon nanotubes through diffusion. This new excitation pathway presents several advantages, including larger absorption areas, broadband spectral response, and polarization-independent efficiency. When band alignment is resonant, we observe substantially more efficient excitation via tungsten diselenide compared to direct excitation of the nanotube. We further demonstrate simultaneous bright emission from an array of carbon nanotubes with varied chiralities and orientations. Our findings show the potential of mixed-dimensional heterostructures and band alignment engineering for energy harvesting and quantum applications through exciton manipulation.

Parts of this study are supported by JSPS (KAKENHI JP22K14624, JP22K14625, JP21K14484, JP22F22350, JP22K14623, JP21H05233, JP23H00262, JP20H02558) and MEXT (ARIM JPMXP1222UT1135). Y.R.C. is supported by JSPS (International Research Fellow). N.F. and C.F.F. are supported by RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher Program. We thank the Advanced Manufacturing Support Team at RIKEN for technical assistance.

[1] N. Fang, D. Yamashita, S. Fujii, M. Maruyama, Y. Gao, Y. R. Chang, C. F. Fong, K. Otsuka, K. Nagashio, S. Okada, Y. K. Kato, "Resonant exciton transfer in mixed-dimensional heterostructures for overcoming dimensional restrictions in optical processes," Nature Commun., accepted (2023). Preprint at arXiv:2307.07124.
(Invited) Collective Radial Breathing Modes in Homogeneous Nanotube Bundles
Authors: Berrezueta Palacios Charlotte , Nakar Dekel , Wroblewska Anna , Garrity Oisín , Li Han , Shadmi Nitzan , Flavel Benjamin S , Joselevich Ernesto , Reich Stephanie , Gordeev Georgy
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exist in many atomic structures typically grow as mixtures of of many chiralities with a vast variety of properties. Identical CNTs that are arranged into two-dimensional hexagonal lattices, their vibrational properties have been predicted to change with additional low-frequency modes appearing in the Raman spectrum. [1] Up to now, the experimental study of collective vibrations has been limited by a lack of pure homogeneous chirality bundles. We overcome this challenge by employing a self-coil mechanism of a very long CNT that loop into itself during the growth process resulting in a tightly packed hexagonal stack [2]. This lattice is perfectly homogeneous in terms of diameter, chiral twist, and even handedness of the tube. By characterizing and comparing the physical properties of the coil with respect to its tails, the bundling effects are clearly visible. We report on two breathing-like modes for quasi-infinite bundles, compared to the single radial breathing mode characteristic for isolated tubes. The exciton-phonon coupling in these modes is probed with resonant Raman spectroscopy, revealing the same resonance energy for both breathing-like peaks. Additionally, we study the dependence of vibrational coupling on the tube diameter by analysing different tube’s diameter coils and other bundling geometries. Our experimental findings align well with previously reported theoretical studies, demonstrating a 1/d scaling for all modes, as well as confirming the relative shift of the modes dependent on intertube interaction. These vibrations provide insight into the role of intertube lattice dynamics in two-dimensional THz-range phononic crystals.

[1] Popov, V. N.; Henrard, L. Evidence for the existence of two breathinglike phonon modes in infinite bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 233407

[2] Nakar, D.; Gordeev, G.; Machado, L. D.; Popovitz-Biro, R.; Rechav, K.; Oliveira, E. F.; Kusch, P.; Jorio, A.; Galvao, D. S.; Reich, S.; others Few-wall Carbon Nanotube Coils. Nano Letters 2019, 20, 953–962.
Solution Processable Carbon Nanotube-Perovskite Nanohybrids
Authors: Manoharan Gririraj , Li Xuan , Dimitrov Stoichko , Palma Matteo
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based nanohybrids have attracted considerable interest for their potential in the design of innovative low-dimensional heterostructures. These nanohybrids can offer unique properties, including enhanced electronic transport and tunability, with a diverse range of optoelectronic applications.

Here we present a novel approach for the synthesis of solution-processable nanohybrids made of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and methylammonium-lead-iodide (MAPI) perovskites, where the CNTs act as templates for the facile and tuneable formation of anisotropic perovskite nanocrystals.

We will present the structural characterization and electronic properties of the developed CNT-perovskite nanohybrids and demonstrate their integration (from solution) in field-effect transistor device configurations. By harnessing the synergistic properties of carbon nanotubes and perovskite nanocrystals, we will discuss pathways for the development of photoresponsive devices displaying sensitivity to a broad range of illumination wavelengths.

The strategy presented here is of general applicability for the templated synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals toward the fabrication of solution processable in nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
(Invited) 2D Liquid Crystals of Aligned Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Arnold Michael S.
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanotubes transport more electricity per area than silicon and more easily switch between on and off states with lower voltage, making them exciting for future, fast, low-energy logic and high-speed, linear RF devices. For nanotubes to offer the highest performance, they must be aligned in one direction in a single layer so that electricity can quickly and efficiently flow through them. This has been a long-standing challenge.

This talk will present on recent, yet-to-be published advances at the University of Wisconsin on assembling and aligning dense arrays of polymer wrapped semiconducting carbon nanotubes via 2D liquid crystal (2D-LC) phenomena at liquid-liquid interfaces. Topics will include: (1) the direct visualization of 2D-LCs of nanotubes at liquid-liquid interfaces via in situ polarized optical microscopy; (2) the assembly of nanotubes at density of > 250 nanotubes μm-1 at liquid-liquid interfaces; (3) the post-alignment and post-deposition removal of polymer wrapper via oxidation at room-temperature; and (4) field effect transistor studies incorporating all of the above.
(Invited) Wafer-Scale Probing of Natural and Synthetic Chirality in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Doumani Jacques , Xu Rui , Lou Minhan , Hong Nina , Baydin Andrey , Yomogida Yohei , Saito Riichiro , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Gao Weilu , Zhu Hanyu , Kono Junichiro
Published: August 2024

Harnessing chirality can advance diverse technologies, encompassing displays, quantum light sources, secured communication, and biosensing. We have investigated chirality-induced processes in carbon nanotube (CNT) ensembles, based on both natural and synthetic chirality, on macroscopic scales. Firstly, through enantiomer purification [1] combined with nanotube alignment [2], we demonstrated second harmonic generation in an aligned film of (6,5)+ single enantiomer-enriched CNTs. Enantiomer purification using mixed-surfactant gel chromatography and CNT alignment through controlled vacuum filtration (CVF) resulted in a resonance-enhanced second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(2) of ~2 nm/V at the E11 exciton transition. Secondly, we engineered artificial chiral assemblies from achiral mixtures of CNTs to create chiral structures, achieving a record high deep-ultraviolet ellipticity of 40 mdeg/nm [3]. Our orbital shaking-assisted CVF methodology enabled the fabrication of a macroscopic assembly of synthetic optical isomers, so-called “tornado” films, obtaining both types of handedness within a single film by fine-tuning a shaking-filtration recipe.

References:

[1] X. Wei, T. Tanaka, Y. Yomogida, N. Sato, R. Saito, H. Kataura, Experimental determination of excitonic band structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes using circular dichroism spectra, Nature Communications 7 (2016) 12899. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12899.

[2] X. He, W. Gao, L. Xie, B. Li, Q. Zhang, S. Lei, J.M. Robinson, E.H. Hároz, S.K. Doorn, W. Wang, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, W.W. Adams, R.H. Hauge, J. Kono, Wafer-scale monodomain films of spontaneously aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nature Nanotechnology 11 (2016) 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.44.

[3] J. Doumani, M. Lou, O. Dewey, N. Hong, J. Fan, A. Baydin, K. Zahn, Y. Yomogida, K. Yanagi, M. Pasquali, R. Saito, J. Kono, W. Gao, Engineering chirality at wafer scale with ordered carbon nanotube architectures, Nature Communications 14 (2023) 7380. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43199-x.
(Invited) Co-Design of Carbon Nanotube Photon Detectors Integrated on CMOS
Authors: Leonard Francois
Published: August 2024

Photodetectors that are sensitive to single or a few photons are desirable for applications in basic science and technology. Recent work has indicated that photodetector architectures based on nanomaterials could provide new paths for room-temperature single photon detection. For eventual applications, such architectures need to be integrated with state-of-the-art read-out electronics, but currently such an integration is not routinely available, and not tailorable to specific systems. In this presentation, I will discuss research work aimed at providing new modeling and experimental approaches to design and integrate carbon nanotube photon detectors with CMOS platforms. The work points to the importance of a co-design approach whereby all of the system components and functions are simultaneously considered to achieve optimal performance.
(Invited) Quantum Well Nanotube Emission for Cancer Research and Diagnostics
Authors: Heller Daniel A. , Kim Mijin , Goerzen Dana , Wollowitz Jaina Sarris , Piletsky Stanislav
Published: August 2024

Quantum well defects (QWDs) on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enable expanded analyte sensitization and functionalization for biosensing applications. We are using these capabilities to develop new research and diagnostic methods for cancers, infectious disease, and other indications. For instance, we are addressing issues with serum biomarker measurements, which are widely used for diagnostics, but these markers often fail to result in a clear diagnosis of complex disease indications. We developed a method using QWD-modified SWCNTs (QWNTs) to identify a “spectral fingerprint” through the collection of large data sets of molecular binding interactions to an array of QWNTs. We found that a library of QWNTs exhibit differentiated spectral variations in response to an ensemble of molecular binding events in patient serum. Via machine learning algorithms, we built prediction models of nanosensor responses that can reliably identify ovarian cancer, and we have expanded this approach to other indications without known biomarkers, providing a general method to identify clinical indications.
Time of day affects MrgD-dependent modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility
Authors: Monteiro André L. L. , Eliezeck Marcos , Scalzo Sérgio R. A. , Silva Mário Morais , Sanches Bruno , Ferreira Katyana K. S. , Poletini Maristela O. , Peliciari-Garcia Rodrigo A. , Cau Stêfany B. A. , Souza Santos Robson A. , Guatimosim Silvia
Published: August 2024

Alamandine, a member of the renin-angiotensin system, serves critical roles in cardioprotection, including the modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility. Whether this effect varies along the day is unknown. Our results provide evidence that alamandine via receptor MrgD exerts opposing actions on cardiomyocyte shortening, enhancing, or reducing contraction depending on the time of day. These findings may have significant implications for the development and effectiveness of future cardiac therapies.
Acute salivary antimicrobial peptide secretion response to different exercise intensities and durations
Authors: Ito Reita , Uchino Takamasa , Uchida Masataka , Fujie Shumpei , Iemitsu Keiko , Kojima Chihiro , Nakamura Mariko , Shimizu Kazuhiro , Tanimura Yuko , Shinohara Yasushi , Hashimoto Takeshi , Isaka Tadao , Iemitsu Motoyuki
Published: August 2024

We investigated the effects of acute exercise at different intensities and durations on the immune response to salivary antimicrobial peptides in young healthy men. Levels of four salivary antimicrobial peptides increased after exercise dependently or independently of exercise intensity and duration, whereas some salivary antimicrobial peptides did not change after exercise. These findings suggest that the secretory responses to acute exercise with different intensities and durations differ among salivary antimicrobial peptides.
Gill ionocyte remodeling mediates blood pH regulation in rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia
Authors: Kwan Garfield T. , Clifford Alexander M. , Prime Kaelan J. , Harter Till S. , Tresguerres Martin
Published: August 2024

Splitnose rockfish exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia utilize existing proteins (rather than generate additional machinery) to maintain homeostasis.
Web‐Based Healthcare Delivery Integrated System to Forecast COVID‐19 Hospitalizations in a Marginalized Patient Population: A Case Study in Broome County, New York
Authors: Kasasbeh Anemone , Issa Elie , Khan Naseem , Yildirim Mehmet , Booth Amy , Sayama Hiroki
Published: August 2024

We developed a web‐based integrated healthcare delivery system with a user‐friendly interface to help forecast COVID‐19 hospitalizations in a marginalized patient population. The user‐friendly interface is a COVID‐19 Hospitalizations Control Dashboard (HCD). This dashboard displays historical and projected COVID‐19 hospitalizations in Broome County, New York. The population in Broom County is considered marginalized due to the high poverty rate and the high percentage of persons 65 years old and above. The developed system allows the medical team to plan to ensure better bed management, less cancelation in elective surgeries, and fewer patients held in the emergency department, hence, better healthcare outcomes in the county. Data are retrieved from the New York State state‐wide COVID‐19 hospitalizations website. The forecasted COVID‐19 hospitalizations are generated using a time series model. The model was initially trained using data that span over a period ranging from June 2020 to December 2022. However, the model is tuned periodically to encounter changes in the time series behavior. We tested the following methods to forecast the number of COVID‐19 hospitalizations 7 days in advance: simple exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and multilayer perceptron neural networks. The candidate model was selected based on the akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). The chosen model was ARIMA (3, 1, 6) with an RMSE of 4.5. Results obtained from the selected model were promising; hence, the final model was used in the developed user interface. Deploying this system resulted in better bed utilization, fewer elective surgery cancelations, and refrainment from reaching an 85% bed occupancy rate, which led to the suspension of elective surgeries. This dashboard, along with other similar dashboards deployed in the organization, was selected as part of NYS best practice. This system is used as a warning system to allow for early interventions.
Table 2 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

Unique T cell receptor clonotypes based on 90Y response rate
Supplementary Figure 2 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

Supplemental Figure 2
Supplemental tables from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

Supplemental tables 1 to 9
Figure 2 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

90Y-TARE induced changes in CD8+ T-cell populations in early–intermediate stage HCC. A, Percentage of total CD8+ and (B) naïve CD8+ remained stable post-90Y. The decreased percentage of (C) memory stem CD8+ T cells and (D) central memory CD8+ T cells was observed following 90Y-TARE. An increase in the percentage of (E) effector memory/effector CD8+ T cells posttreatment, whereas populations of senescent T cells that were (F) CD57+ and (G) KLRG1+ remained unchanged post-90Y. The median fluorescence intensity for the exhaustion marker (H) CTLA4 remained unchanged, whereas (I) LAG3 increased following treatment. MFI of (J) PD1 remained stable after 90Y. Blue and red boxes represent IQR, and the solid horizontal line represents median. MFI, median fluorescence intensity; KLGR1, killer lectin–like receptor G1.
Figure 1 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

90Y-TARE induced changes in CD4+ T-cell populations in early–intermediate stage HCC. A, Percentage of CD4+ T cells of total T cells remained stable post-90Y, whereas (B) the percentage of naïve CD4+ increased following 90Y-TARE. Decreased percentage of (C) memory stem CD4+ T cells and (D) central memory CD4+ T cells was observed following 90Y-TARE. E, Increase in the percentage of effector memory/effector CD4+ T cells, whereas senescent T cells with (F) CD57+ and (G) KLRG1+ remained unchanged post-90Y. An increase in the median fluorescence intensity for the exhaustion marker (H) CTLA4 was observed, whereas (I) LAG3 and (J) PD1 remained stable after 90Y. Blue and red boxes represent IQR, and the solid horizontal line represents median. MFI, median fluorescence intensity; KLGR1, killer lectin–like receptor G1.
Patiromer-Facilitated Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitor Utilization in Patients with Heart Failure with or without Comorbid Chronic Kidney Disease: Subgroup Analysis of DIAMOND Randomized Trial
Authors: Weir Matthew R. , Rossignol Patrick , Pitt Bertram , Lund Lars H. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Perrin Amandine , Waechter Sandra , Budden Jeffrey , Kosiborod Mikhail , Metra Marco , Boehm Michael , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Mentz Robert J. , Ponikowski Piotr , Senni Michele , Castro-Montes Eliodoro , Nicolau Jose Carlos , Parkhomenko Alexandr , Seferovic Petar , Cohen-Solal Alain , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi; including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists [MRAs]) benefits are greatest in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the risk of hyperkalemia (HK) is high. Methods: The DIAMOND trial (NCT03888066) assessed the ability of patiromer to control serum potassium (sK+) in patients with HFrEF with/without CKD. Prior to randomization (double-blind withdrawal, 1:1), patients on patiromer had to achieve ≥50% recommended doses of RAASi and 50 mg/day of MRA with normokalemia during a run-in period. The present analysis assessed the effect of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in subgroups of ≥/<60, ≥/<45 (prespecified), and ≥/<30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (added post hoc). Results: In total, 81.3, 78.9, and 81.1% of patients with eGFR <60, <45, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 at screening achieved RAASi/MRA targets. A greater efficacy of patiromer versus placebo to control sK+ in patients with more advanced CKD was reported (p-interaction ≤ 0.027 for all eGFR subgroups). Greater effects on secondary endpoints were observed with patiromer versus placebo in patients with eGFR <60 and <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Adverse effects were similar between patiromer and placebo across subgroups. Conclusion: Patiromer enabled use of RAASi, controlled sK+, and minimized HK risk in patients with HFrEF, with greater effect sizes for most endpoints noted in patient subgroups with lower eGFR. Patiromer was well tolerated by patients in all eGFR subgroups.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Enteric Differentiation without TTF-1 Expression Is a Very Rare Subtype with Limited Treatment Options and Poor Prognosis
Authors: Kraus Franziska Maria , Traut Alexander , Nilius Georg , Volmerig Jan , Koziorowski Andreas , Stöver Imke , Grabellus Florian , Stahl Michael , Christoph Daniel C.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) without thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is an extremely rare variant of lung cancer. Due to its rarity, few clinicopathological and molecular studies have been performed on PAED, particularly in Caucasian patients. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain clinicopathological data of Caucasian PAED patients without TTF-1 expression, their systemic therapy options, and the efficacy of their systemic treatment. Methods: We examined the clinicopathological features of 121 cases of TTF-1-negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma at a certified German lung cancer center including 79 cases without a PAED and 42 cases with a PAED, compared these subgroups, and investigated patients’ response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy as first-line treatment. By using endoscopy and/or a PET-CT, a primary adenocarcinoma of the digestive tract was excluded in all PAED patients. Results: A comparison of clinicopathological data of TTF-1-negative PAED and non-PAED patients revealed a significantly lower frequency of high programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PAED resulting in the lack of single-agent immunotherapy (p = 0.032) in this subgroup. Frequencies of an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation were high in both groups (46.7% and 50.0%), but G12C gene mutations were seldomly noted (in 6.7% and 18.5% of patients with evaluable data). Median overall survival (OS) was poor in both groups (10 and 12 months). The majority of PAED patients received platinum-based and taxane-containing chemotherapy or chemo-/immunotherapy with an objective response rate (ORR) of 31.6% and a disease control rate of 57.9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of PAED patients with systemic therapy were very poor (3.9 months and 5.9 months). Conclusions: Caucasian patients with TTF-1 negative PAED have a poor prognosis with a reduced ORR to standard first-line systemic therapy and short survival times (PFS and OS).
Comparison of Chandelier-Assisted versus Standard Scleral Buckling for the Treatment of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kao Yung-Shuo , Chen Chia-Yun , Huang Yu-Te , Chen San-Ni
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Compare the anatomical and functional outcomes, operation duration, and complication rates between standard scleral buckling (SSB) and chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (CSB) for phakic eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to June 2024. The primary endpoint will be set as a final success. The secondary endpoint will be primary success, operation time, and final BCVA. Results: Our meta-analysis showed that there is no statistical difference between CSB and SSB for the final success rate (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.97–1.03). For the primary success rate, there is no statistical difference between CSB and SSB (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94–1.06). For operation time, our meta-analysis showed that the CSB group is less than the SSB group (pooled MD = −15.8, 95% CI = −22.60 to −9.00). For postoperative complications, our study shows that the CSB group presented with lower pooled risk than the SSB group (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41–0.89). There is a trend that the ERM formation risk is higher in the CSB group if there is no routine suture for the sclerotomy (p = 0.08). Conclusion: CSB showcases a significantly reduced operation duration and less postoperative complication in contrast to the SSB group, maintaining comparable primary and ultimate anatomical success rates as well as final BCVA.
Draining Vein Thrombosis of Developmental Venous Anomaly in Sickle Cell Trait Patients: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Liriano Genesis , Strumph Kaitlin L. , Manwani Deepa , Behbahani Mandana , Altschul David J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious condition in both adults and children. Risk factors include thrombophilias, dehydration, and certain inherited conditions like sickle cell trait (SCT). We present a case of CVST in a pediatric patient with SCT to highlight key considerations in diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 14-year-old male with SCT presented with worsening headache and vomiting after prolonged sun exposure and dehydration during athletic camp. Imaging revealed right occipital hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, right CSVT, and bilateral cerebellar developmental venous anomalies. Hypercoagulability testing was normal. Diagnostic evaluation included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, MR venography (MRV), and hypercoagulability testing. The patient was treated with an external ventricular drain, platelet transfusion, and anticoagulation. Management also involved hydration, platelet transfusion, supportive care, and multidisciplinary follow-up. Follow-up MRV showed recanalization. Conclusion: This case highlights SCT as a potential CVST risk factor. Timely recognition, evaluation of precipitants like dehydration, supportive care including anticoagulation, and multidisciplinary management are important. An individualized approach is needed to balance thrombosis recurrence and bleeding risks. Patients with SCT require education on risks and prompt evaluation of neurological symptoms to allow early diagnosis and care of CVST.
Clinical Findings in a Series of Thirty Eight Patients with Williams-Beuren Syndrome
Authors: de Oliveira Karina Montemor Klegen , Simões Luiza de Oliveira , dos Santos Ana Mondadori , Steiner Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Williams-Beuren syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by microdeletion of the locus 7q11.23. It is a clinically recognizable condition whose cardinal features include growth deficiency, variable degrees of neurodevelopmental disorders, congenital cardiac defects, outgoing personality, and typical facies. Case Series Presentation: This retrospective study analyzed 38 consecutive patients in a single center for rare diseases, diagnosed by Preus criteria modified by the Sugayama scoring system, comprising 17 male and 21 female individuals aged 1 month to 55 years. Cases were divided into two groups concerning (a) exclusive clinical diagnosis or (b) clinical diagnosis followed by a laboratory cytogenetic or cytogenomic test; except for hypertension, no significant difference was seen among both groups. The most frequent findings were intellectual deficiency, developmental delay, typical facies, and overfriendliness, all above 80% of the total sample. On the other hand, supravalvar aortic stenosis was found in only 32.4%, while other congenital heart diseases were seen in 56.7% of the sample. Unusual features included one individual with 13 pairs of ribs, another with unilateral microphthalmia, and three with unilateral renal agenesis. Comorbidities comprised 9 cases of hypothyroidism and 1 case each of precocious puberty, segmental vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusion: Preus criteria modified by the Sugayama scoring system are still efficient and helpful for clinical diagnosis. This is the second report on microphthalmia and the first study describing the association between vitiligo, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia in individuals with Williams-Beuren syndrome.
Current Landscape and Future Directions of Deprescribing and Polypharmacy Practices in Jordan
Authors: Barakat Muna , Nassar Razan , Gharaibeh Lobna , Thiab Samar , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: August 2024

This review explores the current landscape and future directions of deprescribing and polypharmacy practices in Jordan. The prevalence of polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications by an individual, has been increasing in recent years due to various factors, such as population aging and the greater availability of medications. However, polypharmacy can lead to adverse drug events, suboptimal medication adherence, increased healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. Deprescribing, on the other hand, involves the discontinuation or reduction of unnecessary or potentially harmful medications to improve patient outcomes. The findings presented in this review highlight the current state of deprescribing and polypharmacy practices in Jordan, including factors influencing their prevalence. Additionally, it discusses the challenges healthcare professionals face in implementing deprescribing strategies and identifies potential solutions for enhancing these practices in Jordanian healthcare settings. Moreover, this paper provides insights into future directions for deprescribing and polypharmacy practices in Jordan. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the current landscape of deprescribing and polypharmacy practices in Jordan while also providing recommendations for future directions to optimize medication management strategies that can ultimately benefit patient outcomes within a sound healthcare system framework.
Associations of 24‐Hour Central Systolic Blood Pressure With Multiorgan Damage in Nondialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhu Ye , Liu Lingling , Ke Jianting , Yu Wenjuan , Song Qirong , Li Man , Tang Ying , Wang Cheng
Published: August 2024

Background

Multiple target‐organ damages (TODs) in the same patient are common and further increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between ambulatory central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and multiple TODs has yet to be explored.

Methods and Results

MobilO‐Graph PWA was used to monitor the participants' ambulatory blood pressure, and the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, carotid hypertrophy, and kidney injury were used to define TOD. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to explore the correlation between SBP and TOD. Overall, 2018 nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were included and 580 (28.74%) had multiple TODs. Twenty‐four‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration exhibited a stronger correlation with the increasing number of TOD compared with 24‐hour brachial SBP in ordinal logistic regression analyses. In the multivariable analyses with the presence of multiple TODs, the odds ratios were 1.786 (95% CI, 1.474–2.165;
P
<0.001) for 24‐hour brachial SBP and 1.949 (95% CI, 1.605–2.366;
P
<0.001) for 24‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration. The receiver operating characteristic analyses also showed that 24‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration had higher discrimination than 24‐hour brachial SBP regarding multiple TODs (
P
<0.001). In addition, using 130/135 mm Hg as the threshold for 24‐hour brachial SBP/central SBP with c2 calibration to cross‐classify, the prevalence of multiple TODs was greater in cases of concordant hypertension compared with cases of isolated brachial hypertension and concordant normotension, with no difference between the latter 2 conditions.

Conclusions

Twenty‐four‐hour central SBP with c2 calibration was more associated with the presence of multiple TODs compared with 24‐hour brachial SBP and was helpful in risk classification of multiple TODs among nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.
Nursing’s Role in Psychosocial Health Management After a Stroke Event: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Zrelak Patricia A. , Seagraves Karen B. , Belagaje Samir , Dusenbury Wendy , García James J. , Hadidi Niloufar N. , Keigher Kiffon M. , Love Mary , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Schorr Erica , Velasco Cesar ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Stroke can have profound psychosocial health implications. These constructs are often overlooked and undertreated yet can be as devastating as the physical, functional, and cognitive consequences after stroke.

AIM:

This scientific statement aims to evaluate 5 important aspects of psychosocial health (depression, stress, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of life) after a stroke to provide a framework for related nursing care across the poststroke continuum.

METHODS:

A narrative review of the literature published from 2018 to 2023 was conducted with databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE,
ClinicalTrials.gov
, PsychInfo/EBSCOHost, PsychArticles, CINHAL, and the Cochrane Library.

RESULTS:

Findings reveal a gap in evidence-based nursing interventions for addressing poststroke psychosocial needs. Critical strategies for shaping therapeutic nursing care include enhanced screening with validated tools; educating stroke survivors, families, and staff on symptom recognition, prevention, and treatment; and ensuring appropriate pharmacological management and access to psychological and psychosocial interventions, including referrals to social services and other essential support systems. Care should be comprehensive and interdisciplinary. Nurse-led research can benefit from more inclusive inclusion, including individuals with recurrent strokes and preexisting psychosocial conditions, focusing on the impact of structural racism and care disparities and expanding evidence-based nursing interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although there is limited high-level evidence on the nursing care for patients with suboptimal psychosocial health after stroke, nurses have a crucial role in addressing these needs. Enhanced screening, assessment, supportive services, and education are vital to ensure that patients receive the necessary treatment and care.
The genus Ommatidiotus Spinola (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Caliscelidae) from the Korean Peninsula and neighboring countries
Authors: PARK JAEKOOK , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: August 2024

A total of four species of the caliscelid genus Ommatidiotus Spinola (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Caliscelidae) are reviewed from the Korean Peninsula and neighboring countries, based on specimens housed in Hokkaido University, Japan. The Transpalearctic species O. dissimilis (Fallén) is recorded from the Korean Peninsula for the first time, and the distributions of O. karafutonis stat. rev. and O. nigritus are discussed. We also provided photographs of the type specimens and redescriptions, and a key to the genus Ommatidiotus species from Northeast Asia.
Increased Serum CRP-Albumin Ratio is Independently Associated With In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Durmuş Gündüz , Karataş Mehmet Baran , Gökalp Murat , Eren Semih , Cebeci Ahmet Ceyhun , Nural Ali , Hatipoğlu Elif , Osken Altuğ , Karaca Mehmet , Zengin Ahmet
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery contributes significantly to ischemic strokes. This study investigates the correlation between the C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients ( n = 529) undergoing carotid artery stenting. Patients were categorized based on ISR occurrence. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of ISR. The ISR rate was 10.3%. Laboratory analysis revealed higher levels of uric acid, CRP, and CAR in the ISR group. Cox regression identified CAR as an independent predictor of ISR (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.24, P = .01), along with diabetes and smoking. A CAR cut-off of 0.28 predicted ISR with 93% sensitivity and 89% specificity (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.945, 95% CI: 0.923–0.963, P < .001). This study establishes a significant association between CAR and ISR in carotid artery stenting patients. The inflammatory response, indicated by CAR, emerges as a crucial factor in ISR development. The study contributes valuable insights into predicting and preventing ISR, emphasizing the potential of CAR as a prognostic biomarker. This easily accessible and cost-effective biomarker could enhance ISR prediction and guide preventive strategies for high-risk patients.
Scoping Review of Pediatric Primary Care Educational Literature
Authors: Bruton Lucas , Nunes Denise , Quadri Maheen
Published: August 2024

Primary care pediatrics is an important element of pediatric training at all levels, yet trainees often lack clinical competence in this area. This scoping review sought to identify the current research available related to pediatric primary care education for medical students and residents and gaps/areas for improvement. Searches were completed on PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and MedEdPORTAL using the search terms “pediatrics,” “education,” “curricula,” and “primary care.” An initial total of 6499 articles was screened down to 102 articles for the final full text review and extraction. The most frequently encountered educational subjects were child development and developmental screening (8.8%), adolescent substance use (7.8%), and vaccines/vaccine hesitancy (6.9%). Several subject areas were underrepresented, including pubertal assessment (0.9%), transgender medicine (0.9%), child passenger safety (0.9%), discipline (0.9%), and sports/orthopedic medicine (0%). This study shows that future pediatric primary care educational studies and innovations are needed to improve trainee competence and comfort.
Citizen-Driven Firearm Safety Policies in a Rural Pennsylvania County
Authors: Stansfield Richard , Heitz Catherine , Semenza Daniel C. , Anestis Michael D.
Published: August 2024

We explore data from focus group interviews ( n = 25) and community surveys ( n = 630) to examine resident support for policies to reduce firearm injuries in a rural Pennsylvania county. The data highlights overwhelming community support for integrating firearms safety education for persons under the age of 18 years. Support for expanding safe storage options and safety training varied significantly based on a resident’s own firearm ownership, concealed carry license, age, gender, and prior exposure to firearm injury. We offer a discussion of realistic policies and programs within the purview of county government that could receive widespread community support in rural areas. This includes the selection of effective preventive interventions targeting firearm safety at an early age that includes knowledge of and access to mental health resources.