bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Duration of Acute Watery Diarrhoea in Children aged Six Months to Five Years
Authors: Sultana Dilruba , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Kashem Abul , Kader Md Fazlul , Das Mrinal Kanti , Uddin Md Belal , Mia Md Sanaul Haque
Published: August 2023

Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among young children under five years of age in developing countries. The longer duration of diarrhea increases the chance of morbidity and mortality. Zinc supplementation decreases the duration of diarrhea. It is a straightforward, acceptable, low-cost, and effective treatment that could easily be affordable in our country.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on the duration of acute watery diarrhea.  Materials and Methods: A total of 106 subjects were included in this study over six months, from December 2014 to May 2015. Detailed information was obtained from each patient. A total of 106 patients were taken. Among them, 53 patients (group A) were given zinc with Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), and 53 patients (Group B) were given ORS only. However, three patients in each group were lost during follow-up. Data were analyzed by using a standard statistical method (SPSS version 16.0).

Results: The duration of diarrhea was three days in 56% of patients in the zinc-supplemented group, but it was only 20% in the control group. The frequency of stool gradually decreased over five days. It was more marked in zinc supplemented group. The p-value was 0.001. Vomiting occurred in 30% of patients in zinc supplemented group, and in the control group, it was only 20%. The p-value was 0.5. So we conclude that oral zinc administration in acute watery diarrhea (AWD) decreases the duration and causes early recovery and may be considered in the management of AWD.

Conclusion: Oral zinc administration in acute watery diarrhea decreases the duration and frequency of diarrhea in children aged six months to five years by changing the natural course of acute diarrheal disease.

TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 107-112
C-Arm Guided Epidural Steroid Injection: An Effective Treatment for Patients with Radiculopathy in Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Tamjid , Khasru Moshiur Rahman , Salek AKM , Sikdar Alauddin , Haque Quazi Tamanna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Epidural steroid injections (ESI) have been utilized for over 50 years in the conservative therapy of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs. However, controversy persists regarding their effectiveness in reducing pain and improving function, with literature supporting and opposing them.

Aim: To study the effectiveness of epidural steroid injection in treating pain caused by a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc and compare the effectiveness between caudal, transforaminal, and interlaminar injection routes.

Materials and Methods: A total of 152 patients with back pain with Radiculopathy with a lumbar disc prolapse confirmed on MRI were included in the study. Their pre-injection Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (JOA) counted up. In this study, participants were enrolled using a simple randomization procedure (picking a card).in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at BSMMU, Dhaka, from May 2020 to April 2021. Among 152 patients were intervenes as transforaminal (n=62), caudal (n=53), and interlaminar (n=25) approach with subsequently received epidural steroids as methylprednisone. Twelve individuals were dropped from the trial because they failed to show up for their scheduled therapy.

Results: The prevalence increased dramatically, leading to a JOA Score at 12 months following injection via any of the three methods 53 (37.26%) via the caudal pathway, 62 (44.21%) via transforaminal, and 25 (18.53%) via interlaminar. At six months and 12 months post-injection, the transforaminal route was substantially more efficacious than the caudal (p=0.01) and interlaminar routes (p=0.03). Comparing the caudal and interlaminar methods yielded no statistically significant difference (p=0.36).

Conclusion: In the current study, methylprednisone epidural injections effectively treat radiculopathy and back pain caused by a herniated lumbar disc. All three injection techniques are adequate, with the best result obtained by the transforaminal route.

TAJ 2022; 36: No-1: 113-118
Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2022
Authors: Lahra Monica M , George CR Robert , van Hal Sebastiaan J , Hogan Tiffany R
Published: August 2023

In Australia, both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Compared to 2021, the number of IMD notifications in 2022 increased by 81% to 127, alongside the easing of COVID-19 containment measures. Laboratory confirmation occurred in 95% of these cases, with 51% (62/121) diagnosed by bacterial culture and 49% (59/121) by nucleic acid amplification testing. The serogroup was determined for 97% of laboratory-confirmed cases (117/121): serogroup B (MenB) accounted for 83% of infections (100/121); MenW for 4% (5/121); MenY for 10% (12/121); no infections were attributed to MenC disease. Fine typing was available on 67% of the cases for which the serogroup was determined (78/117). In MenB isolates, 27 porA types were detected, the most prevalent of which were P1.7-2,4 (18%;11/62), P1.22,14 (15%; 9/62), P1.18-1,34 (10%; 6/62) and P1.7,16-26 (10%; 6/62). All five MenW infections identified as porA type P1.5,2 with different MLST sequence types (ST): 11, 574, 1287, 12351, 13135 all belonging to clonal complex 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in outbreaks in Australia and overseas. In MenY, the predominant porA type was P1.5-1,10-1 (73%; 8/11), ST 1655 and from clonal complex 23. Children less than 5 years of age and people aged 15–19 years were overrepresented with IMD notifications, accounting for 22% (27/121) and 23% (28/121) of laboratory-confirmed cases respectively. Fifteen percent of laboratory-confirmed notifications (18/121) were in persons aged 45–64 years. MenB infections were detected in all age groups but predominated in persons aged 15–19 years (93% of IMD in this age group; 26/28) and comprised 89% (24/27) of infections in children aged less than 5 years. MenW infections were markedly reduced in 2022, accounting for two IMD detections in children 1–4 years (2/16) and sporadic detections in other older age groups. MenY infections were largely detected in adults aged 45–64 years, accounting for 28% of IMD in this age group (5/18). All 62 cultured IMD isolates had antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were categorised using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpretative criteria: 5% (3/62) were defined as penicillin resistant (MIC value ≥ 0.5 mg/L); 71% (44/62) had intermediate susceptibility to penicillin (MIC values 0.125 and 0.25 mg/L) and 24% (15/62) were susceptible to penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.
Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcal bacteraemia in Hunter New England Local Health District, 2008 to 2019
Authors: Williamson Kirsten M , Varadhan Hemalatha , Taylor Kylie , Crooks Kristy , Brett Katie , Law Charlee , Butler Michelle , Butler Trent , Green Emily , Davis Joshua S , Wilson Paul , Housen Tambri , Merritt Tony , Durrheim David N
Published: August 2023

Invasive Group A Streptococcal infection (iGAS) is an uncommon but serious infection with Streptococcus pyogenes in a normally sterile body site. Manifestations include bacteraemia, necrotising fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome with attendant serious morbidity and mortality. An increasing incidence of iGAS has been observed in some regions of Australia. iGAS became a nationally notifiable condition from 1 July 2021. To determine if regional incidence has increased, and to identify priority populations, we undertook a retrospective data analysis of Group A Streptococcal (GAS) bacteraemia cases in Hunter New England Local Health District (HNELHD), New South Wales, Australia, from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019, as identified by NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital. A total of 486 cases were identified (age-standardised rate: 4.05 cases per 100,000 population per year). Incidence in HNELHD gradually increased over the study period (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.07) and was significantly higher in children under 5 years of age; in adults over 70 years of age; in males; and in First Nations peoples. A significant peak occurred in 2017 (9.00 cases per 100,000 population), the cause of which remains unclear. GAS bacteraemia is uncommon but severe, and incidence in HNELHD has slowly increased. Public health and clinical guidelines must address the needs of priority populations, which include young children, older adults and First Nations peoples. Routine surveillance and genomic analysis will help improve our understanding of iGAS and inform best public health management.
A New Smoothing Algorithm to Solve a System of Nonlinear Inequalities
Authors: YILMAZ Nurullah , KAYACAN Ayşegül
Published: August 2023

In this study, the system of nonlinear inequalities (SNI) problem is investigated. First, a SNI is reformulated as a system of nonsmooth and nonlinear equations (SNNE). Second, a new smoothing technique for the "$\max$" function is proposed and the smoothing technique is employed for each element of the SNNE. Then, a new smoothing algorithm is developed in order to solve SNNE by combining the smoothing technique with the iterative method. The new algorithm is applied to some numerical examples to show the efficiency of our algorithm.
A Rare Case of Synchronous Lobular Capillary Hemangioma and Non-Lobular Capillary Hemangioma Arising From the Both Arytenoid Mimicking Laryngeal Granuloma
Authors: Sim Soohyun , Park Sung Yool , Cho Hwa Jin , Kim Do Hun
Published: August 2023

Laryngeal granuloma (LG) is a non-neoplastic lesion that mainly develops in the posterior vocal folds. It arises in response to inappropriate vocal use, and endotracheal intubation. Recently, it has been found that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also causes it. On the other hand, lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) and non-LCH are two histopathological types of inflammatory hyperplasia lesions that are less common in the larynx. The LCH and non-LCH are usually caused by stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury. Despite the differences, as it is difficult to differentiate them from each other, surgical biopsy is necessary. It is rare to find either LCH or non-LCH in the larynx, and to our knowledge, bilateral LCH or non-LCH without endotracheal intubation history or smoking history have never been reported worldwide. Here, with a review of the literature, we report a rare case of bilateral LCH and non-LCH of arytenoid mimicking LG.
Drug Repositioning for Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Kwon Minsu
Published: August 2023

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex disease that poses significant therapeutic challenges. Traditional treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have limited efficacy and often result in significant side effects. In recent years, drug repositioning has emerged as a promising strategy to identify new therapeutic options for HNC. Drug repositioning involves repurposing existing drugs, already approved for other indications, for the treatment of HNC. This approach takes advantage of existing knowledge about drug safety and efficacy, reducing the time and cost needed to develop new drugs. By leveraging the known safety profiles, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs, drug repositioning can accelerate the drug development process and reduce costs. In this review, the current status of drug repositioning efforts for HNC and the challenges and opportunities associated with this approach are discussed. We also highlight some of the most promising drug candidates that have emerged from recent studies and clinical trials. Overall, drug repositioning has the potential to significantly improve the treatment landscape for HNC and offer new hope for patients with this challenging disease.
A federated learning and blockchain-based data sharing framework for developing intelligent building design models
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Zhiqian , Pan Wei
Published: August 2023

Intelligent building design can reduce manual work and streamline the design process by automatically generating design content using artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, it is challenging to collect sufficient drawings to develop a high-performance ANN. Data owners may not be willing to share their drawings with untrusted parties due to privacy considerations. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel data sharing framework of confidential building design information to facilitate the development of intelligent auxiliary building design models. The data sharing framework utilises the federated learning technique and blockchain technology to encourage data sharing through fair benefits allocation based on the Shapley value. A case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed framework. The results show that the intersection over union is improved by more than 10%. More benefits are allocated to data owners who provide datasets with higher quality and quantity. Methodologically, the paper should facilitate the effective integration of the fragmented and confidential project data to train building design models and add much value by addressing the data sharing complexity and dynamics in modern construction. Practically, the paper demonstrates a novel way to train auxiliary design models for building designers.
Histograms
Authors:   , Boels Lonneke
Published: August 2023

Many high-school students are not able to draw justified conclusions from statistical data in histograms. A literature review showed that most misinterpretations of histograms are related to difficulties with two statistical key concepts: data and distribution. The review also pointed to a lack of knowledge about students’ strategies when solving histogram tasks. As the literature provided little guidance for the design of lesson materials, several studies were conducted in preparation. In a first study, five solution strategies were found through qualitative analysis of students’ gazes when solving histograms and case-value plot tasks. Quantitative analysis of several histogram tasks through a mathematical model and a machine learning algorithm confirmed these results, which implied that these strategies could reliably and automatically be identified. Literature also suggested that dotplot tasks can support students’ learning to interpret histograms. Therefore, gazes on histogram tasks were compared before and after students solved dotplot tasks. The "after" tasks contained more gazes associated with correct strategies and fewer gazes associated with incorrect strategies. Although answers did not improve significantly, students’ verbal descriptions suggest that some students changed to a correct strategy. Newly designed materials thus started with dotplot tasks. From the previous studies, we conjectured that students lacked embodied experiences with actions related to histograms. Designed from an embodied instrumentation perspective, the tested materials provide starting points for scaling up. Together, the studies address the knowledge gaps identified in the literature. The studies contribute to knowledge about learning histograms and use in statistics education of eye-tracking research, interpretable models and machine learning algorithms, and embodied instrumentation design.
Health-Economic Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic and Countries’ Efficiency
Authors: Ahangar Reza Gharoie , Prybutok Victor R.
Published: August 2023

This study examines the relationship between vaccination and inflation in battling the COVID-19 pandemic across nations. Data from 85 countries worldwide were collected from the Trading Economics (New York City, USA) website during the COVID-19 pandemic. First, a new theoretical model was proposed based on the economic and healthcare literature; then, a binary variable, inflation/vaccination% was developed according to the proposed theoretical model. The relationship between inflation/vaccination% and macroeconomic factors was examined using logistic regression. After that, the countries were ranked by minimising the inflation/vaccination% rate that measures a country’s efficiency in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby permitting governments to compare the performance of different countries. The findings show that a country with a higher gross domestic product growth rate and competitiveness index during the COVID-19 pandemic has a lower inflation/vaccination% ratio. The results of this study provide strong evidence that countries should mitigate a pandemic’s economic impact by managing vaccination programmes to control global inflation.
Implementasi Enkripsi Data MD5 dan SHA-256 pada Sistem Informasi Peminjaman Buku Tanah
Authors: Ngemba Hajra Rasmita , Ifandi - , Hendra Syaiful , Dwi Arsana I Gusti Ngurah Agung Kade
Published: August 2023

Setiap lapisan masyarakat harus memperhatikan keamanan sistem informasi untuk menghindari kejahatan dunia maya. Keadaan ini menimbulkan risiko yang harus dikelola untuk melindungi aset dari kejahatan dunia maya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan kriptografi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengimplementasikan algoritma MD5 dan SHA-256. Data password pengguna sistem informasi peminjaman buku tanah ATR/BPN Kota Palu dienkripsi. Dengan menggunakan kolaborasi kedua algoritma tersebut, sistem dapat memanfaatkan kecepatan MD5 untuk menghitung hash dari input, serta keamanan dari SHA-256 untuk mengamankan hash tersebut. Selain itu, menggunakan dua algoritma sekaligus, kemungkinan terjadinya tabrakan (collision) akan menjadi lebih kecil. Metode pengembangan sistem untuk penelitian lanjutan adalah metode waterfall. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi fungsi MD5 dan SHA-256 dapat mengenkripsi data password pengguna dengan tingkat keamanan yang baik sehingga aman untuk digunakan setelah dilakukan pengujian rainbow table attack, timing attack safe dan avalanche effect. Setelah pengujian tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa fungsi sistem dapat dijalankan tanpa masalah dengan diimplementasikannya kedua kolaborasi fungsi tersebut.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor untuk Klasifikasi Diagnosis Penyakit Alzheimer
Authors: Alfirdausy Roudlotul Jannah , Bahri Saiful
Published: August 2023

Menurut  World Alzheimer Report 2021, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) memperkirakan bahwa 75% penderita demensia tidak terdiagnosis secara global, dengan angka tersebut diyakini meningkat hingga 90% di beberapa negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Saat ini ada dua jenis demensia yaitu vaskular dan non-vaskular. Demensia vaskular, juga dikenal sebagai Alzheimer, adalah Perubahan yang terjadi pada tubuh yang disebabkan oleh penyumbatan pembuluh darah di otak dapat menyebabkan melemahnya ingatan manusia. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) adalah suatu teknik yang digunakan untuk mengelompokkan objek berdasarkan kesamaannya dengan objek terdekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menangani masalah efektivitas dan akurasi dalam mendeteksi penyakit Alzheimer dengan mengimplementasikan algoritma KNN untuk diagnosis penyakit Alzheimer. Berdasarkan analisis hasil klasifikasi dengan pembagian data testing dan training 75:25 menggunakan metode KNN dengan K=3 dan K=5 menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 99%  , sensitivitas  sebesar 100%, serta  spesifitas sebesar 96%.
Identifikasi Penyakit Tanaman Jagung Berdasarkan Citra Daun Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Widianto Bima , Utami Ema , Ariatmanto Dhani
Published: August 2023

Komoditas jagung di Indonesia menjadi tanaman pangan terbesar kedua setelah padi sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Namun dikarenakan keterbatasan kemampuan petani dan faktor lingkungan menyebabkan upaya penanganan tanaman jagung akibat adanya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman menjadi terhambat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan upaya deteksi secara dini terhadap jenis penyakit pada daun tanaman jagung menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) yang dikenal sebagai algoritma pembelajaran mesin berkinerja tinggi dalam mengklasifikasikan jenis penyakit tanaman ke dalam beberapa kelas seperti Blight, Common Rust, Grey Leaf Spot, dan Healthy. Selain itu, transformasi warna citra dari RGB, HSV dan Grayscale, proses segmentasi dengan Region of Interest (ROI) serta dilengkapi dengan penerapan ektraksi fitur tekstur dengan menggunakan GLCM telah mampu menghasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 94% dan nilai loss rate yang relatif kecil yaitu 0.1742. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode CNN terbukti secara efisien & efektif dalam melakukan identifikasi jenis penyakit tanaman.
Implementasi Rasio Kontras Warna pada Aplikasi Uji Buta Warna 100-Hue Farnsworth-Munsell Berbasis Android
Authors: Fredicia - , Leonarta Ferdian
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi ketidakmampuan individu dalam mendeteksi suatu warna yang sering tidak disadari oleh penderita buta warna. Meskipun penderita masih dapat membedakan benda berdasarkan ukuran, bentuk, dan kecerahannya, kondisi buta warna tidak mengancam jiwa secara medis. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menguji buta warna adalah metode Farnsworth Munsell, yang dikembangkan oleh Dean Farnsworth dan Albert H. Munsell. Metode ini melibatkan penggunaan empat palet warna yang mengandung gradasi warna dengan memanfaatkan nilai hue (nilai warna dominan), value (nilai kecerahan warna), dan chroma (nilai intensitas warna). Dalam penelitian ini yang menerapkan teknologi informasi untuk membantu penggunaan metode pengujian buta warna, terutama dalam menggantikan penggunaan media cetak yang telah digunakan sebelumnya. Penggunaan antarmuka pengguna (UI) dengan kontras warna yang ditingkatkan, yang memungkinkan tes buta warna menjadi lebih efektif. Keterlibatan 38 responden, termasuk 3 orang penderita buta warna menunjukkan aplikasi uji buta warna dengan UI yang didukung warna kontras dapat mendeteksi kondisi buta warna dengan baik pada penderita yang diuji. Dengan adanya penerapan teknologi informasi dalam metode pengujian buta warna, diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi pengujian buta warna.
Sistem Sterilisasi Ruangan Dengan Pendeteksi Keberadaan Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Sholeh Adkhan , Sudarmana Landung , Suharto Benedictus Herry
Published: August 2023

Virus Covid-19 menyebar melalui transmisi droplet dan aerosol yang melayang dalam ruangan atau menempel di permukaan benda. Penyebaran ini menyebabkan orang terpapar pada risiko dan kecepatan tinggi. Sterilisasi ruangan dengan penyemprotan, fogging atau penyinaran UV-C merupakan upaya mencegah transmisi virus. Kegiatan sterilisasi membutuhkan biaya, waktu, tenaga serta dapat memunculkan potensi kelalainan, maka kebutuhan perangkat sterilisasi yang otonom, terjadwal, efektif, ekonomis, dan terpantau secara daring menjadi relevan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan prototipe sistem sterilisasi dengan pendeteksi keberadaan manusia berbasis IoT. Metode penelitian menggunakan teknik rekayasa perangkat keras dan pengembangan perangkat lunak extreme programming. Perangkat keras dibangun dari modul IoT, sensor, penampil, catu daya dan sterilisasi. Sedangkan perangkat lunak berupa firmware sterilisasi dan aplikasi telepon pintar. Firmware sterilisasi berfungsi sebagai pengelolaan perangkat sterilisasi, penjadwalan sterilisasi, sensor keberadaan dan akses jaringan internet. Aplikasi telepon pintar berfungsi untuk interaksi antara perangkat sterilisasi dan pengguna secara daring. Prototipe sistem sterilisasi ini mampu mendeteksi keberadaan manusia hingga jarak 6,01 meter dengan dua ragam sterilisasi yang dapat diprogram dan dioperasikan secara daring melalui telepon pintar.
Desain Antarmuka Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Aplikasi Layanan Darurat Bagi Lansia
Authors: Kurniawan Ardhy Chandra , Chrismanto Antonius Rachmat , Restyandito -
Published: August 2023

Semakin bertambahnya usia kemampuan fisik serta kognitif manusia semakin menurun, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan terhadap lansia, seperti terjatuh pada saat melakukan aktivitas sehari – hari. Seiring berkembangnya zaman penggunaan smartphone oleh lansia juga semakin meningkat berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dibuatlah aplikasi Layanan Darurat untuk smartphone. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode User Centered Design yang mana menempatkan pengguna sebagai poros dalam proses pembuatan aplikasi seperti tampilan, konteks, dan sistem, metode ini digunakan karena pengguna yang dipilih memiliki karakter khusus yaitu adalah lansia. Responden yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini berjumlah 25 lansia yang berada di wilayah kota Surakarta atau Yogyakarta. Wawancara dilakukan 2 kali dengan total responden berjumlah 15 lansia, selain itu dilakukan studi literatur guna mengetahui karakteristik dari lansia, hasil dari dua hal tersebut dijadikan acuan dalam membuat desain, sistem, dan konteks penggunaan pada aplikasi Layanan Darurat. Pengujian task scenario dilakukan guna mendapatkan hasil usability testing (effectiveness, efficiency, dan satisfaction), hasil usability testing yang didapat diuji menggunakan combine metric agar mendapatkan hasil akhir yang lebih akurat. Pengujian combine metric mendapatkan hasil 89% yang mana dapat diartikan bahwa pengguna puas dan dapat menggunakan aplikasi Layanan Darurat dengan baik.
The Institutional Determinants of #DisabilityTooWhite
Authors: Erkulwater Jennifer
Published: August 2023

This paper contributes to the ongoing effort by disability studies scholars to rectify the overriding Whiteness in the historiography of disability politics and by political scientists to center race and ethnicity in their analysis of U.S. politics. It argues that understanding why disability is too White (to paraphrase the viral hashtag coined by activist Vilissa Thompson) requires attending, not simply to the intentions and attitudes of individual activists and their organizations, but to the political institutions that structure and channel their activism. Applying theories of discursive institutionalism and racial institutional orders, this paper examines the period between 1981-1996, specifically the years culminating in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and, a few years later, the welfare reform law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. Its purpose is to analyze disability, race, and poverty as imbricated systems of oppression and inequality.
Novel Geometric Series for Application of Computing Science
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, the growing complexity of mathematical and computational modelling demands the simplicity of mathematical and combinatorial equations for solving today’s scientific problems and challenges. This article provides a novel geometric series and its theorem. This idea can enable the scientific researchers for further involvement in research and development.
The relationship between tax revenue and economic growth in Indonesia through the endogenous growth model approach
Authors: Yossinomita Yossinomita , Haryadi Haryadi , Nainggolan Saidin , Zulfanetti Zulfanetti
Published: August 2023

This study attempts to analyze the nature of the causal relationship between tax revenues and economic growth in Indonesia in the form of an economic model using an endogenous growth model. Causality analysis in this study uses a multivariate setup through a vector autoregression (VAR) approach with the Toda-Yamamoto method as a causality test. Using time series data for 1983-2021, the study results show one-way causality, where tax revenue causes changes and increases in economic growth. With this one-way causality phenomenon, the use of tax revenue variables as an instrument to boost economic growth must be optimized.
Studi Kasus Penerapan Latihan Batuk Efektif Terhadap Perubahan Pola Napas Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Sartiya Rini Dewi , Hasrina Hasrina
Published: August 2023

Complaints of shortness of breath are one of the symptoms that arise in patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. This condition certainly requires proper nursing handling, namely through airway management nursing actions. The purpose of this study was to identify the application of airway management to changes in breathing patterns in Mr.S with pulmonary tuberculosis. The method used in research is a descriptive method with a case study approach. The respondent in this case study research was Mr.S with a medical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis who was undergoing treatment in the Az-Zahra treatment room of RSU Dewi Sartika Kendari City. This case study was conducted from February 15, 2022 to February 22, 2022. The focus of the study is clients who experience impaired oxygenation needs characterized by shortness of breath and breathing frequency above 20x / minute, the instrument used is the format of assessment to nursing evaluation. The method of data collection starts from interviews and physical examinations. The results of the study found that Mr. S had difficulty removing his phlegm and the frequency of breathing was 28x / minute, the nursing diagnosis at Mr. S was that airway clearance was not effective related to secretions in the airway. The nursing intervention carried out is airway management which is carried out for 4 days according to the planned intervention. At the end of the evaluation, airway clearance was not effective in patients with resolved pulmonary tuberculosis, marked by a change in breathing frequency to 20x / minute. It is hoped that health workers can apply nursing care to pulmonary tuberculosis clients who experience oxygenation problems more optimally in order to improve the quality of hospital services
Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ibu Post Sectio Caesarea Di Ruangan Kebidanan RSUD Poso
Authors: Nurazizah Siti , Rantesigi Nirva
Published: August 2023

Introduction: post sectio caesarean delivery has a five times greater risk of complications compared to normal delivery, problems that commonly occur in post section caesarean mothers are postpartum bleeding, infection, and swollen breasts.  For this reason, comprehensive nursing care is needed and improving health in clients can be done by a nursing care approach. The purpose of this study was to provide nursing care for post sectio caesarea mothers in the obstetrics room at Poso Hospital. Methods : The research method is using a descriptive method with a case study approach of 1 patient of post sectio caesarea mother. Results: assessment of the patient complained of pain in the abdomen after cesarean section surgery, the pain was felt like stabbing, the pain disappeared, the patient looked grimacing, there was a surgical wound, there were 14 stitches, wound size 11 cm, wound width 0.2 cm, pain scale 8, blood pressure 110/80 mmhg, breathing 20x / m, pulse 80x / m, temperature 37 ̊C post section caesarea 6 hours. The patient said the milk had not come out, the patient said the baby cried when breastfed, the milk did not gush or drip, the nipples looked flat, the baby did not want to suck. Nursing problems acute pain, ineffective breastfeeding. Nursing Interventions Pain management, relaxation therapy, positioning, mobilization support, analgesic breastfeeding education, and giving the baby the opportunity to breastfeed. Implementation was carried out for 5 evaluation results showed reduced pain, the patient said he could do activities, the patient no longer complained of pain in the abdomen, pain scale 3, the patient said the milk had started to come out, the patient said the baby had not cried when breastfed, the milk had come out, the patient looked more relaxed and comfortable. Conclusion: pain management, relaxation therapy, positioning, mobilization support, giving analgesic breastfeeding education, and providing opportunities for babies to breastfeed are effective in providing nursing care to post section caesarea mothers. Suggestions patients can carry out nursing interventions independently according to what is taught by researchers.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Young Women about Early Detection of Breast Cancer through Breast Self-Examination (BSE)
Authors: Farlina Siska , Muliani Muliani , Suryani Lili , Sarliana Sarliana , Nufatimah Nurfatimah , Sumiaty Sumiaty
Published: August 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, is a malignant tumor that grows in breast tissue. Data from the Health Office of Central Sulawesi, the percentage of tumors/lumps in 2018 was 0.18%. in 2019 0.2%. in 2020 increased 0.4%. One of the efforts to detect breast cancer early is BSE. Purpose To know the effect of health education on the level of knowledge and attitudes of young women about early detection of breast cancer through Breast Self Examination in the Huntap Tondo area. Methods The type of research is quasi-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was young women aged 14-19 years totaling 55 respondents taken by purposive sampling. The research instrument used a standardized questionnaire with a total of 20 knowledge questions and 10 attitudes. The research was conducted on 2-5 July in Huntap Tondo. The analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results showed that the knowledge of young women with a mean pretest value of 9.6 and a mean posttest value of 17.3 (p = 0.000 <0.05). The attitude of young women with a mean pretest value of 20.8 and a mean posttest value of 35.7 (p = 0.000 <0.05). Conclusion There is an effect of health education on the knowledge and attitudes of young women about early detection of breast cancer through Breast Self-Examination. It is expected that young women in the Huntap Tondo area will continue to improve their knowledge and attitudes toward preventing breast cancer by participating in counseling and being active in youth Posyandu activities.
MANEUVERABILITY OF THE 15-METER BUS
Authors: Donets Veronika , Poljakov Viktor , Sakhno Volodymyr , Filipova Galyna , Sharai Svitlana
Published: August 2023

Buses play a significant role in the public transport system and, in particular, in the transpor-tation of passengers in intercity traffic. This is the most common way of moving people over short and medium distances both in cities and in most rural areas. The bus industry as a part of the general automotive industry has its own characteristic feature: despite the fact that the total production of buses is only a few percent of the total output of automotive equipment, their production is carried out at a much larger number of enterprises than cars and even trucks, and very often in limited quantities. The idea of using extra-large buses seems ap-propriate, because there are a number of city routes on which the use of 12-meter buses will lead to their over-load, and the use of 18-meter articulated buses can lead to their underloading, or to increase the intervals of traffic.
When developing any bus, including an extra-large capacity bus, the mass and geometric limitations laid down in the regulatory documents must be taken into account. At the same time, a 15-meter three-axle city bus without special devices cannot meet the requirements of GOST due to its increased length. Therefore, it is still relevant today to improve the fitting of such buses into the transport network of large cities. This problem can be solved by controlling not only the front but also the rear wheels of the bus. The paper shows that the control of an extra-large capacity bus can be carried out not only by a kinematic method – by turning the steered wheels of the bus, but also in a combined method – by controlling the steered wheels of the bus and its driving wheels by creating different torques on the wheels of this axis or by creating braking moments on the third axis, which can significantly simplify the bus control system. At the same time, the dependence of the difference in the torques on the wheels of the driving axle of the bus, the braking moments on the wheels of the third axle and total moments on the second (driving) and third axles of the bus was obtained, which is equivalent to the angle of rotation of the steered wheels of the bus. For different control methods, it has been established that the bus according to the kinematic control method (turning the steered wheels of the bus – the control system) does not meet the requirements of UNECE Regulation No. 36.03 regarding maneuverability. With the combined method of bus control for the magnitude of the difference in moments on the wheels of the second and third axles within Delta-M=2550-3000 Nm, these requirements are met, and the preferred design is the control system, which uses the braking of the wheels of the third axle. However, this method of turning can only be proposed to improve maneuverability at low speeds (up to 10 m/s). When the speed increases above 10 m/s, the wheel con-trol system of the third axle should be blocked.
Knee instability caused by altered graft mechanical properties after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the early onset of osteoarthritis?
Authors: Spierings Janne , Van den Hengel Marloes , Janssen Rob P. A. , Van Rietbergen Bert , Ito Keita , Foolen Jasper
Published: August 2023

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a very common knee joint injury. Torn ACLs are currently reconstructed using tendon autografts. However, half of the patients develop osteoarthritis (OA) within 10 to 14 years postoperatively. Proposedly, this is caused by altered knee kine(ma)tics originating from changes in graft mechanical properties during the in vivo remodeling response. Therefore, the main aim was to use subject-specific finite element knee models and investigate the influence of decreasing graft stiffness and/or increasing graft laxity on knee kine(ma)tics and cartilage loading. In this research, 4 subject-specific knee geometries were used, and the material properties of the ACL were altered to either match currently used grafts or mimic in vivo graft remodeling, i.e., decreasing graft stiffness and/or increasing graft laxity. The results confirm that the in vivo graft remodeling process increases the knee range of motion, up to >300 percent, and relocates the cartilage contact pressures, up to 4.3 mm. The effect of remodeling-induced graft mechanical properties on knee stability exceeded that of graft mechanical properties at the time of surgery. This indicates that altered mechanical properties of ACL grafts, caused by in vivo remodeling, can initiate the early onset of osteoarthritis, as observed in many patients clinically.
Heterochronic development of pelvic fins in zebrafish: possible involvement of temporal regulation of pitx1 expression
Authors: Pratiwi Hilda Mardiana , Hirasawa Masahiro , Kato Kohki , Munakata Keijiro , Ueda Shogo , Moriyama Yuuta , Yu Reiko , Kawanishi Toru , Tanaka Mikiko
Published: August 2023

Anterior and posterior paired appendages of vertebrates are notable examples of heterochrony in the relative timing of their development. In teleosts, posterior paired appendages (pelvic fin buds) emerge much later than their anterior paired appendages (pectoral fin buds). Pelvic fin buds of zebrafish (Danio rerio) appear at 3 weeks post-fertilization (wpf) during the larva-to-juvenile transition (metamorphosis), whereas pectoral fin buds arise from the lateral plate mesoderm on the yolk surface at the embryonic stage. Here we explored the mechanism by which presumptive pelvic fin cells maintain their fate, which is determined at the embryonic stage, until the onset of metamorphosis. Expression analysis revealed that transcripts of pitx1, one of the key factors for the development of posterior paired appendages, became briefly detectable in the posterior lateral plate mesoderm at early embryonic stages. Further analysis indicated that the pelvic fin–specific pitx1 enhancer was in the poised state at the larval stage and is activated at the juvenile stage. We discuss the implications of these findings for the heterochronic development of pelvic fin buds.
TRiC/CCT chaperonin is required for the folding and inhibitory effect of WDTC1 on adipogenesis
Authors: Tang Wen-Shuai , Cen Xiang , Yao Shan-Shan , Yin Shu-Ting , Weng Li , Zhao Tong-Jin , Wang Xu
Published: August 2023

Obesity has become a global pandemic. WDTC1 is a WD40-containing protein that functions as an anti-obesity factor. WDTC1 inhibits adipogenesis by working as an adaptor of the CUL4-DDB1 E3 ligase complex. It remains unclear about how WDTC1 is regulated. Here, we show that the TRiC/CCT functions as a chaperone to facilitate the protein folding of WDTC1 and proper function in adipogenesis. Through tandem purification, we identified the molecular chaperone TRiC/CCT as WDTC1-interacting proteins. WDTC1 bound the TRiC/CCT through its ADP domain, and the TRiC/CCT recognized WDTC1 through the CCT5 subunit. Disruption of the TRiC/CCT by knocking down CCT1 or CCT5 led to misfolding and lysosomal degradation of WDTC1. Furthermore, the knockdown of CCT1 or CCT5 eliminated the inhibitory effect of WDTC1 on adipogenesis. Our studies uncovered a critical role of the TRiC/CCT in the folding of WDTC1 and expanded our knowledge on the regulation of adipogenesis.
Refractory angina pectoris: a 20-year (2003–2022) bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chen Yunru , Ge Yaru , Chao Tiantian , Huan Na , Liu Wenjie , Chu Guojie , Wang Chenglong
Published: August 2023

Background

The increasing number of patients with refractory angina pectoris, combined with the aging population and improved survival rates among coronary heart disease patients, presents a significant challenge in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. The treatment of refractory angina has been an ongoing area of exploration, yet a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic is currently lacking. Therefore, this study aims to provide the first bibliometric analysis of publications related to refractory angina.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in the Web of Science database to identify articles related to refractory angina published between 2003 and 2022. The inclusion criteria were limited to articles and reviews written in English. CiteSpace software was utilized to conduct a collaborative network analysis of countries/regions, institutions and authors, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and co-citation analysis of authors and references.

Results

A total of 1,386 publications were identified, with an annual publication volume exhibiting fluctuation over time. American and European countries and institutions demonstrated a leading position in terms of research output. Henry TD emerged as the most prolific researcher in the field, while Mannheimer C received the highest number of citations. The primary research hotspot within this field focused on the treatment of refractory angina, with recent emphasis on emerging treatments such as stem cell therapy and the coronary sinus reducer. A significant number of clinical trials have been conducted, with a continuous focus on patient benefits, quality of life, and survival prognosis.

Conclusion

Significant progress has been made in the field of refractory angina pectoris in recent years. Novel treatment methods, including spinal cord stimulation, enhanced external counterpulsation, stem cell therapy, and the coronary sinus reducer, hold promising therapeutic prospects. However, further high-quality evidence-based research is essential to support these emerging interventions. Additionally, the development of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines for refractory angina treatment is crucial. Such guidelines would provide clinicians with a framework to navigate the complexities of treatment choices and optimize patient care in this challenging condition.
Lipid-based oral formulation in capsules to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs
Authors: Mohite Popat , Singh Sudarshan , Pawar Anil , Sangale Adinath , Prajapati Bhupendra G.
Published: August 2023

Poorly water-soluble drugs demonstrate significant challenge in pharmaceutical development, which is linked to their limited oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations, lipid-based formulations have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the delivery of such drugs. Moreover, encapsulation within capsules to provide a convenient dosage form for oral administration. The encapsulation techniques are optimized to ensure uniform drug content and efficient encapsulation efficiency. Several investigations demonstrated that the lipid-based formulations in capsules significantly improved the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs compared to non-lipid formulations. Additionally, the encapsulation of lipid-based formulations protected the drug against degradation and improved its stability. Overall, incorporating lipid-based formulations in capsules represents a promising strategy for enhancing the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs with improvement in solubility, dissolution, stability, and bioavailability, overcoming the challenges associated with these challenging drug molecules. The review focussed a brief on utilization of lipids in capsule form to improve therapeutic efficacy of poorly soluble, dissolution and bioavailability of drugs.
Late-stage diversion risk assessment for high dams considering early initial impoundment: a case study of Lianghekou Station, China
Authors: Liu Lian , Bricker Jeremy D. , Hu Chao
Published: August 2023

Early initial impoundment can generate additional revenue but bring more flood risk in late-stage construction diversion. In view of the possible flood risk and catastrophic consequences caused by high dam failures induced by early impoundment, a comprehensive assessment is proposed. Taking the Lianghekou high rockfill dam on the Yalong River, southwest China, as an example, this study established the late-stage diversion risk model and predicted the failure probabilities for the original, 15 days ahead, and 30 days ahead schemes varied with the initial impoundment time using the Monte Carlo method. Then, considering overtopping-induced gradual breaking of rockfill dams, the NWS dam-break flood forecasting model (DAMBRK) was used to estimate the break development and the outflow hydrograph. Due to no significant differences being found in the outflow hydrographs of the three schemes, life loss was used an index for the consequences of inundation. Combining the failure probability, life loss, and early impoundment revenues brought by earlier power generation, a satisfied initial impoundment scheme was acquired using the multi-objective decision model. The results revealed this method can find a reasonable initial impoundment time in view of the late-stage diversion risk assessment.