bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis and characterization of silver and iron nanoparticles using Nerium oleander extracts and their antibacterial and anticancer activities
Authors: Shawuti Shalima , Bairam Chasan , Beyatlı Ahmet , Kariper İshak Afşin , Korkut Isık Neslişah , Aktaş Zerrin , Öncül Mustafa Oral , Kuruca Serap Erdem
Published: November 2021

Medicinal plants can be used as reducing agents in the preparation of metal nanoparticles by green synthesis because of the chemotherapeutic and anti-infectious properties of natural compounds. Therefore, this paper reports the green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles from leaf and flower extracts of Nerium oleander and their capacity as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Nanoparticle manufacturing and structural characterization of silver and iron nanoparticles are reported. The formation of nanoparticles is characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nanoparticles formation was also investigated the surface charge, particle size, and distribution using zeta sizer analysis by DLS. Green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles using N. oleander showed different levels of selective cytotoxicity against K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia cells) in low concentrations and were not cytotoxic to the HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) in the same concentrations. Silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against multidrug pathogens, while iron nanoparticles failed to show such activity. Results of the present research demonstrate the potential use of green synthesized nanoparticles in various biomedicine and pharmaceuticals fields in the future.
Emziren Annelerde Diyet Yapma Eğilimi
Authors: DEMİR Rukiye , TAŞPINAR Ayten , KAYA ODABAŞ Resmiye
Published: November 2021

Emziren annenin dengeli ve yeterli beslenmesi fizyolojik gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasının ve doğum eyleminde kaybedilenlerin yerine konulmasının yanı sıra bebeğinin sağlıklı büyüme ve gelişmesi içinde gereklidir. Ayrıca emzirme döneminde besinlere olan gereksinimin artması ve anne sütünün yeterli miktarda ve kalitede üretilmesi için annenin dengeli bir diyetle bol kalori alması gerekmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda, kadın için idealize edilen fiziksel özelliklere verilen önemin artması, kadınlarda olumsuz beden imajı ve benlik saygısının gelişmesine sebep olmuş, gebelik ve doğum sonu süreçte alınan kilolar kadınların psikolojik sağlığını ciddi şekilde etkilemiştir. Annelerin doğum sonu süreçte hızlı kilo verme çabaları ve yanlış diyet uygulamaları kendi sağlıklarını etkilediği gibi anne sütü ile besledikleri bebeklerinin sağlığını da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Ülkemizde gebeler ve emziren annelerin yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme sorunlarından en çok etkilenen grupların başında geldiği, özellikle annelerin çoğunluğunun henüz büyüme ve gelişmenin tamamlanmadığı adölesan dönemde olduğu göz önüne bulundurulduğunda, annelerin dengeli ve yeterli beslenmesinin hem bireysel hem de toplumsal açıdan fayda sağlayacağı açıktır. Bu bağlamda anne ve bebek sağlığının yükseltilmesi için emziren annenin beslenmesi üzerinde önemle durulması gerekmektedir.
Ridge Estimation's Effectiveness for Multiple Linear Regression with Multicollinearity: An Investigation Using Monte-Carlo Simulations
Authors: O. G. Obadina  , Adedotuun Adedayo Funmi , O. A. Odusanya
Published: November 2021

The goal of this research is to compare multiple linear regression coefficient estimations with multicollinearity. In order to quantify the effectiveness of estimations by the mean of average mean square error, the ordinary least squares technique (OLS), modified ridge regression method (MRR), and generalized Liu-Kejian method (LKM) are compared (AMSE). For this study, the simulation scenarios are 3 and 5 independent variables with zero mean normally distributed random error of variance 1, 5, and 10, three correlation coefficient levels; i.e., low (0.2), medium (0.5), and high (0.8) are determined for independent variables, and all combinations are performed with sample sizes 15, 55, and 95 by Monte Carlo simulation technique for 1,000 times in total. As the sample size rose, the AMSE decreased. The MRR and LKM both outperformed the LSM. At random error of variance 10, the MRR is the most suitable for all circumstances.
Sentiment Analysis using various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Umarani V , Julian A , Deepa J
Published: November 2021

Sentiment analysis has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the last year because it has been widely applied to a variety of application domains such as business, government, education, sports, tourism, biomedicine, and telecommunication services. Sentiment analysis is an automated computational method for studying or evaluating sentiments, feelings, and emotions expressed as comments, feedbacks, or critiques. The sentiment analysis process can be automated using machine learning techniques, which analyses text patterns faster. The supervised machine learning technique is the most used mechanism for sentiment analysis. The proposed work discusses the flow of sentiment analysis process and investigates the common supervised machine learning techniques such as multinomial naive bayes, Bernoulli naive bayes, logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, decision tree, and deep learning techniques such as Long Short-Term Memory and Convolution Neural Network. The work examines such learning methods using standard data set and the experimental results of sentiment analysis demonstrate the performance of various classifiers taken in terms of the precision, recall, F1-score, RoC-Curve, accuracy, running time and k fold cross validation and helps in appreciating the novelty of the several deep learning techniques and also giving the user an overview of choosing the right technique for their application.
Removal of Trimethoprim from Water using Carbonized Wood Waste as Adsorbents
Authors: Adesokan S. A. , Giwa A. A. , Bello I. A.
Published: November 2021

Daniellia—oliveri sawdust-based adsorbents were employed to remove trimethoprim (TMP) from water. The sawdust was thermally carbonized and activated in-stu with ZnCl2 and H3PO4 separately. The adsorbents surface features were profiled using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and pH point of zero charge (pHpzc ) analyses. The prospects of the adsorbents for the removal of trimethoprim from water were verified. The adsorption processes were performed under different experimental conditions. The adsorption isotherm, the kinetics, and the thermodynamics were studied; and the data fitting output revealed that both chemisorptions and physisorption occurred. Surface and pore diffusion played active role in the adsorption of TMP by the adsorbents. The optimum conditions for adsorption of TMP by the adsorbents were pH at slightly acidic to neutral medium and temperature at room temperature. The fitting isotherm models were: Langmuir (R2 = 0.993) for the zinc-chloride-activated-carbon, Temkin (R2 = 0.962) for the phosphoric-acid-activated-carbon, and the kinetics: pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.997) for both. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of the adsorbents for TMP was 4.115 and 6.495 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters determined suggested feasibility, spontaneity, and endothermicity of the adsorption processes. The results reveal that the adsorbents were goodprospects for the removal of TMP from water.
Eigensolution to Morse potential for Scandium and Nitrogen monoiodides
Authors: Onate C. A , Egharevba G. O , Bankole D. T
Published: November 2021

The solutions for Morse potential energy function under the influence of Schr¨odinger equation are examined using supersymmetric approach. The energy equation obtained was used to generate eigenvalues forX1 +state of scandium monoiodide (ScI) and X3 state of nitrogen monoiodide (NI) respectively were obtained by imputing their respective spectroscopic parameters. The calculated results for the two molecules aligned excellently with the predicted/observed values.
Growing-and-Giving Mindset Intervention in Early Childhood Education: A Collaborative Action Research
Authors: Masaki Fumiko
Published: November 2021

In childhood education, a behaviorist approach (a mixture of praise and punishment) has been used for student target behaviors; however, the results have not been consistent. This study investigated how a constructivist approach would work in the same setting. The participant was a four-year-old student who showed target behaviors with negative attention-seeking and avoidance of self-regulation; three teachers and the author worked with him on collaborative action research. We treated him using the behaviorist approach in the first cycle of intervention. It seemed to work on the surface but was not helping him become autonomously self-regulated; his surroundings learned to remove the antecedents. We took the constructivist approach for the second cycle of intervention, wherein the student was provided opportunities to build puzzle pictures and give them to his teachers or friends. The teacher’s scaffolding helped him complete the task, perceive his competence, and aim for even bigger challenges. Through his efforts, he experienced making others happy, and as the growing-giving mindset was fostered, the target behaviors were decreased.
TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF EMPLOYEES’ INTENTION TO USE ROBOTS
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mohamed Monizaihasra , W Ab Rahman N Alia Fahada ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Sulong Farizah ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: November 2021

The goal of this study is to investigate the underlying factors that influence an employees’ decision to use robots at work. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used in this study. This theory assumes that people’s actual behaviour and willingness to utilise technology is influenced by four underlying elements, namely performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI) and facilitating conditions (FC). Based on this assumption, the specific objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between these factors and a fast-food restaurants employees’ intent to use robots at work. The role of gender as a moderator in each of these interactions was also considered in this study. Based on data acquired from an online survey, the stated hypotheses were tested using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The findings revealed that performance expectancy and social influence enhances an employees’ intention to use robots at work. It also showed that there was no moderation effect in the proposed model. This study presents empirical facts and direction to managers in the fast-food industry in Malaysia, researchers and practitioners regarding the adoption of robots or technology-based services at work. Theoretical advances as well as prospective research directions are also explored.
DETAILED GC-MS ANALYSES OF THE „MYRTUS COMMUNIS“ L., ESSENTIAL OIL AND THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Filipović S. , Vasić T. , Radulović N. , Jevremović D. , Stanojević I.
Published: November 2021

Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae, known as true myrtle, is a widely distributed evergreen shrub native to Mediterranean regions. This medicinal plant, used worldwide, possess a broad spectrum of phytochemical, pharmacological and therapeutic effects, mostly due to a large number of up to now detected, or isolated, essential oil components, considered the main biologically active ones. Multifarious secondary metabolite content, dependent on a geographic region, season of harvest and the length of distillation, depicts the variability of the essential oil composition obtained in general from its leaves, branches, fruits and flowers. Herein, we present the results of meticulous analyses of the essential oil (2.2%, w/w) constituents obtained from M. communis leaves, collected during the summer period from the coastal regions of peninsula Luštica, Montenegro. Detailed GC-MS analyses enabled the identification of 66 constituents, among which 1,8-cineole (28.4%), linalool (18.4%), α-pinene (16.6%), geranyl acetate (6.6%), α-terpineol (6.3%) and linalyl acetate (4.2%) were the major ones. Together with the secondary metabolite profile, determination of the Montenegro true myrtle essential oil agricultural plant protection potential is also estimated, by assessing mycelia growth of Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds C.A.2 isolates, causative of strawberry antrachnose, in vitro.
CYTOTOXICITY OF CATIONIC DINUCLEAR PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF MOUSE COLON CANCER
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Franich Andjela , Vasić Ivana , Rajković Snežana , Arsenijević Aleksandar , Milovanović Marija , Arsenijević Nebojša , Milovanović Jelena , Živković Marija ,   4University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
Published: November 2021

The series of nine dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ-X)]2+ (where L is two NH3 or bidentantly coordinated diamine ligand – ethylenediamine, en; (±)-1,2-propylenediamine, 1,2-pn; isobutylenediamine, ibn; trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, dach; 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3-pd; 2,2- dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, 2,2-diMe-1,3-pd; (±)-1,3-pentanediamine,1,3-pnd, and X is a bridging pyrazine (pz) or pyridazine (pydz) ligand) have been synthesized and characterized. The antitumor potential of these complexes against CT26 cells were determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. A murine model of heterotopic colon cancer tumor was induced in immunocompetent BALB/c mice for investigating antitumor potential of the Pt(II) complexes in vivo. It was found that complexes Pt1, Pt2 and Pt7 shows significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells, while all these complexes show moderate apoptotic effect. Complexes Pt1 and Pt7 arrested CT26 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, while complexes Pt5 and Pt6 exerted the highest antiproliferative effect which was evaluated by detection of Ki67 expressing cells. Complexes Pt1 and Pt2 performed significant in vivo antitumor effects reducing the growth of primary tumor and the incidence of lung and liver metastases without causing the significant hepato- and nephro- toxicity.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PALLADIUM (II)–2- (AZIDOMETHYL)CYCLOPROPANE-1,1-DICARBOXYLIC ACID COMPLEX
Authors:   niversity of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Kostić Marina , Divac Vera , Mangelinckx Sven
Published: November 2021

The discovery that palladium complexes possess a wide range of biological activities (from antitumor, -viral, -malarial, -fungal to antimicrobial activities) encourages further research in this scientific field. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel palladium (II) complex, using [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl and 2-(azidomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (azmcpda) as a ligand. [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl was selected as a starting material taking into consideration its importance as a model for the investigation of the substitution reactions in coordination chemistry and a deeper understanding of the biological activities of some structurally similar compounds. The ligand compound was synthesized by the procedure described in the literature. It is noteworthy to mention that 2- (azidomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid presents the precursor for the synthesis of 2- (aminomethyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid, as an example of the constrained γ-amino dicarboxylic acids. The synthesis was achieved by the conversion of the ligand compound into the corresponding sodium dicarboxylate salt and subsequent treatment with [Pd(dien)Cl]Cl (pH maintained between 6-7). The IR and NMR spectra, as well as elemental analysis have confirmed that the Na[Pd(dien)(azmcpda)]. H2O species was formed and that coordination of the ligand compound to the metal ion was established through carboxylate oxygen donor atom.
THE EFFECTS OF SELENITE ON FILAMENTOUS FUNGI LIPID DROPLETS MONITORED „IN VIVO“ LABEL FREE USING ADVANCED NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE 2021ICCBIKG (2021)
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Pajic Tanja , Todorovic Natasa ,   University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Stefanovic Dunja , Rabasovic Mihailo , Krmpot Aleksandar , Zivic Miroslav
Published: November 2021

Third Harmonic Generation (THG) microscopy was employed as a method of choice for lipid droplet (LD) measurements and quantification of the effect of selenite on LDs. Nonlinear laser scanning microscopy (NLSM) employs ultra-short laser pulses for imaging. THG microscopy is the modality of NLSM. Strong THG signals can only be observed from regions with non- uniformities with respect to their refractive index. Such regions in biological samples are lipid-water interfaces, and by far the brightest features in cells are LDs. For that reason, THG microscopy is the appropriate method for imaging of LDs from live unfixed cells, without the need for additional labeling. The biological effects of spore- to- end- of- exponential- phase duration (27 – 30 h) of exposure to 1 mM selenite were monitored in vivo on the cells of filamentous fungi in liquid culture. We measured the lipid droplet density and size distribution in a model fungi Phycomyces blakesleeanus. The in-house built microscope frame complemented with Yb KGW laser (1040 nm, 200 fs pulses) was used, while detection was enabled in the transmission arm by PMT through the Hoya glass UV filter (peak at 340 nm). From THG images of control and Se+4–treated hyphae, LD size and number were measured, showing that LD density was increased by more than 60% in Se+4–treated hyphae, compared to control. The average LD size distribution seemed slightly changed by Se+4 -treatment. The obtained results suggest that 1 mM selenite treatment probably induces cellular stress response in filamentous fungi.
NGHIÊN CỨU DỰ ĐOÁN SỐ HỘ VÀ THỜI GIAN CHẤP NHẬN MÔ HÌNH TRỒNG CÂY HOA ATISO ĐỎ TẠI XÃ PHONG AN, HUYỆN PHONG ĐIỀN, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Phương Lê Thị Hồng , Linh Lê Thị Thùy , Hà Bùi Thị Minh
Published: November 2021

Để áp dụng các kỹ thuật hay các mô hình sản xuất nông nghiệp mới, các nhà nghiên cứu thường thực hiện rất nhiều thử nghiệm sâu về kỹ thuật trước khi đưa vào áp dụng. Nhưng để đảm bảo tính khả thi khi áp dụng các kỹ thuật đó vào thực tế thì việc dự đoán bao nhiêu người áp dụng và khoảng bao lâu sau người dân sẽ chấp nhận các kỹ thuật đó là một vấn đề hết sức quan trọng. Do vậy nghiên cứu được tiến hành với mục đích áp dụng phương pháp ADOPT để xác định và dự đoán được số người và thời gian chấp nhận mô hình nông nghiệp trong trường hợp mô hình trồng hoa Atiso tại xã Phong An. Các phương pháp thu thập số liệu trong đề tài bao gồm: phỏng vấn hộ (n = 77), phỏng vấn sâu (n = 10), và thảo luận nhóm (n = 2) các hộ trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ. Số liệu nghiên cứu thu được từ quá trình điều tra được tổng hợp và xử lý bằng phần mềm Excel 2019 và phân tích ADOPT. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng sau thời gian 11,6 năm thì có tới 67% người chấp nhận hoàn toàn mô hình trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ. Để nâng cao số người và thời gian chấp nhận mô hình trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ của các nông hộ trên địa bàn xã, cần thực hiện đồng bộ các giải pháp về thu nhập, kỹ thuật, thị trường cũng như chính sách từ chính quyền địa phương.

ABSTRACT

In order to apply new techniques or models in agricultural production, researchers have conducted in-depth technical experiments before transferring them into practice. However, how to predict the number of households will apply and how long after that households will accept new agricultural practices is still a challenge. Therefore, to predict the number of households accepting and the time to transfer new agricultural practices in the long term, the ADOPT method was applied in red artichoke flower growing model. The research applied three main methods to collect data including household interview (n=77), in-depth interview (n=10), and group discussion (n=2) with red artichoke flowers planting farmers. The data from the survey was synthesized and processed by Excel software and ADOPT analysis. Research results showed that after a period of 11.6 years, up to 67% of people fully accepted the red artichoke flower model. In order to increase the number of households accepting and the time to transfer the red artichoke flower model of farmers in the commune, it is necessary to synchronously implement solutions to income, technology, markets as well as policies from the local government.
THỰC TRẠNG XÁC ĐỊNH GIÁ ĐẤT CỤ THỂ ĐỂ BỒI THƯỜNG KHI NHÀ NƯỚC THU HỒI ĐẤT TẠI MỘT SỐ DỰ ÁN Ở THÀNH PHỐ VŨNG TÀU, TỈNH BÀ RỊA – VŨNG TÀU
Authors: Hải Nguyễn Thị , Liền Phạm Huy , Tuyết Trần Thị Ánh
Published: November 2021

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá thực trạng xác định giá đất cụ thể để bồi thường khi Nhà nước thu hồi đất tại Dự án xây dựng tuyến đường vào và cơ sở doanh trại Chi đội Kiểm ngư số 2 và Dự án đường Thống Nhất nối dài ở thành phố Vũng Tàu, tỉnh Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu. Nghiên cứu đã phỏng vấn 116 hộ dân bị thu hồi đất, phân tích các số liệu thứ cấp và sử dụng thang đo Likert để đánh giá mức độ hài lòng của người dân bị thu hồi đất đối với giá đất cụ thể được xác định. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy việc xác định giá đất cụ thể để tính tiền bồi thường được thực hiện theo đúng trình tự quy định nhưng có thời gian thực hiện sớm hơn từ 7 - 12 ngày so với quy định. Giá đất cụ thể được xác định cao hơn so với giá đất trong bảng giá đất của UBND tỉnh Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu ban hành nhưng thấp hơn so với giá đất thị trường. Người dân bị thu hồi đất đều đã hài lòng với giá đất cụ thể được xác định để tính tiền bồi thường của hai dự án.

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted to assess the situation of determining specific land prices for compensation when land acquisition of two projects in Vung Tau city, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, including: the project of building the entrance route and barracks of the 2nd Fisheries Division and Thong Nhat road extends project. This study interviewed 116 households whose land was acquired, analyzed secondary data, and used the Likert scale to assess the satisfaction level of the people whose land was acquired for the specified land price. Research results showed that the determination of specific land prices was done in accordance with the regulations, but the implementation time was 7-12 days earlier than the prescribed time. The specific determined the land prices was higher than those issued by the People's Committee of Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, but lower than the market land price. The households whose land acquisition were satisfied with the specific land price determined for compensation calculation of both projects.
PHÁT TRIỂN CHĂN NUÔI BỀN VỮNG TRÊN CƠ SỞ ỨNG DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ CAO: KHAI THÁC LỢI THẾ - HẠN CHẾ RỦI RO
Authors: Trạch Nguyễn Xuân
Published: November 2021

Bài báo này thảo luận về xu hướng tất yếu của việc ứng dụng công nghệ cao trong chăn nuôi trên thế giới và đặc biệt là ở Việt Nam. Do những hạn chế đe dọa sự phát triển bền vững của cả hệ thống chăn nuôi truyền thống và chăn nuôi công nghiệp, ngành chăn nuôi trên thế giới và ở Việt Nam đã được hiện đại hóa gắn với phát triển khoa học và công nghệ theo hướng thông minh. Phần lớn các ứng dụng công nghệ cao trong chăn nuôi như dinh dưỡng, chuồng trại và thú y đã được áp dụng nhằm góp phần tăng tiềm năng sản xuất và hiệu quả chăn nuôi. Tuy nhiên, nó vẫn có thể bị ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố kinh tế - xã hội như sức khỏe con người, sinh kế của nông dân, sự thịnh vượng của cộng đồng nông thôn, các giá trị văn hóa xã hội cũng như các mối quan tâm về môi trường và phúc lợi động vật. Do đó, cần áp dụng các biện pháp thông minh trong việc ứng dụng công nghệ cao vào chăn nuôi để đảm bảo cho sự phát triển bền vững và bao trùm.

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the inevitable trend of application of high-tech livestock production in the World with special reference to Vietnam. Due to the shortcomings threatening sustainable development of both traditional and industrialised/factory farming systems, the livestock sector, globally and in Vietnam, has been modernised in association with science and technology development in a smart manner. Hi-tech applications in breeding, nutrition, housing and animal health have been largely applied to contribute to increasing potential production and further efficiency. However, it may be still affected by socio-economic factors such as human health concerns, livelihood of small farmers, prosperity of rural communities, socio-cultural values as well as environmental and animal welfare concerns. Smart measures should therefore be taken in application of hi-tech livestock production to ensure sustainable and inclusive development.
Development of Problem Based Learning (Pbl)-Based E-Module to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Students In Biology Learning Class X Sman 1 Seberida Indragiri Hulu Regency
Authors:   Master Degree Programof Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Padang State University, Jl.Prof.Dr.West Padang Freshwater Hamka -25131 Indonesia, Sagita Nadia
Published: November 2021

Critical thinking should be given to students as they age in the 21st century. The continued impact of perception shows that there are still many students who do not have the option to overcome their thinking, speaking, and logic skills. Observation results show that many students have not been able to utilize their intellectual ability to think critically. Furthermore, the evaluation questions that have been given by the teacher are not analyticalin nature, resulting in not triggering students to think critically. Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a model of learning that is suitable for stimulatingstudents' critical thinking. The purpose of this research that produces the E-module -based PBL valid, p practical and i effective. Type researchis development research. The Plomp model is the applied model. The results of the study resulted in the level of validity of the PBL -based E-module which was 89.10% (very valid). The results of the practicality level of teachers are 94.17% (very practical) and the level of practicality by students is 86.47% (very practical). The results of the PBL -based E-module effectiveness test show that the PBL -based E-module is very effective. Thus, the conclusion is that the PBL -based E-module that has been developed is very valid, very practical, and very effective.
Ego Depletion on Students During Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Psychology Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia, Putri Nadia Dwi Suci Ningtyas
Published: November 2021

Learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely studied. We explore the picture of Ego depletion during online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ego depletion is when the individual feels a decrease in ego or self-control due to excessive activities involving the ego, resulting in reduced energy in the body. This research is descriptive quantitative research. Ego Depletion is measured based on the ego-depletion scale based on aspects of ego depletion, including psychological exhaustion, physical exhaustion, helplessness, drained energy, and cognitive impairment. A total of 92 students participated in this study. Data was obtained online via Google form. The study results showed that ego depletion in students was dominated in the moderate category, followed by high and low categories. We also describe the categories based on the demographic data obtained. Ego depletion in the high category is more common in semester four-level and semester six-level. The results and implications are discussed further.
Covid-19 and Diabetes Mellitus a Serious Concern for the Covid -19 Patients: A Brief Review
Authors:   Head Dept.of Zoology Govt.Degree College Doda ,Jammu and Kashmir-182202, wani Ajaz Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancrease does not produce enough insulin or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. Coronavirus disease (Covid -19) recently emerged with formidable infectivity and high mortality. Emerging data suggest that diabetes is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with covid -19, although casual relationship has not been investigated , where as pre existing diabetes can be considered as a risk factor for the adverse outcome of covid -19 .The present article discussed the literature related to the corelation between diabetes and covid -19.
Electrophysical Properties of Two Structured Polycrystal Silicon
Authors:   Professor , Andijan Machine Building institute №56 Bobur Shox Ave, Andijan, Uzbekistan, 170100 ORCID: 0000-0002-0135-5861, Olimov Lutfiddin Omanovich
Published: November 2021

The article first describes the results obtained in the study of the electrophysical and charge transfer processes of two structural polycrystalline silicon obtained by bonding silicon particles with sunlight. The results of the study show that the charge transfer processes in such structures are found to be different from each other. In particular, at T~300-800 K, a decrease in the surface area of both structures µ was observed, and the temperature dependence of p and n differed from each other. For example, (a) in the surface area T~300-350 K and T~600-710 K p increases and n decreases, at T~350-550 K p decreases and n increases. Conversely, the surface area of the sample (b) is characterized by an increase in p and a decrease in n at T≤575 K, a decrease in p in the later stages of temperature increase, and an increase in n.
Improving Reading Skills of Saudi English Learners
Authors:   English Department, Jouf University, Alsharari Abdulwahab Alamat
Published: November 2021

This study aimed at investigating the underlying reasons that can cause Saudi EFL learners to have lower English performance. This study follows a qualitative method through interviewing three college students at Jouf University and one professor. The self-constructed interviews were basically targeted four items; 1) students’ related issues, 2) teachers’ related issues, 3) curricula- related issues, and 4) assessment related issues. The finding of this study have indicated that the primary reasons of Saudi EFL learners were due to their lower internal and intrinsic motivation. The conceptualized learning English as an academic course to pass, and not an actual language communication. The recommendations suggested by this study were trimmed into the following: increasing English language practice, learning authentic communicative language.
Analysis of Thin Malignant Melanoma Prognostic Factors
Authors:   Bio Basic Europe Srl, Milan, Italy, Rizzi Gaetana
Published: November 2021

The increasing number of thin malignant melanomas (≤1 mm in thickness) asks for better acknowledgement of prognostic factors of the disease; this is the purpose of this research [1, 2]. The plastic surgery unit of the hospital Spedali Civili of Brescia has collected over 450 cases of thin malignant melanoma over a period of 20 years, from 1990 to 2010, in order to obtain as much information as possible about prognostic factors. These data have been analyzed using the Chi-squared test to reveal the influence on prognosis of each one of the 16 prognostic factors that have been chosen for this study; both the development of a metastasis and the death of the patient were considered for outcome study. The univariate analysis describes the presence of the phase of vertical growth as the only prognostic factor statistically significant for both metastasis development and death.
Analysis of Spatial Location of Immigrant Currents From Regions of Spain In The City of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina With Geographic Information Systems
Authors:   Systems Analyst, professor of “Land Information Systems” in the FCEIA-UNR-Rosario- Argentina, Oscar Bussolini Adrián , Miguel Vicioso Benito ,   Land Surveyor, professor of “Land-use planning” in the FCEIA-UNR-Rosario-Argentina
Published: November 2021

The city of Rosario in the province of Santa Fe was developed from 1854 by the contribution of a broad current of immigration of European origin, mainly Italians and Spaniards. The Spanish Association of Mutual Reliefs of Rosario was the second of its kind in South America.
An Assessment of the Impact of Helicopter Noise: Case Study of Mgbuoshimini Community Nigeria
Authors:   Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment, Institute of Petroleum Studies, University of Port Harcourt PMB 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, Orikpete OF , Ewim DRE ,   Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission, Abuja, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

With the projected growth in demand for commercial aviation, it is anticipated that there will be an increased environmental impact associated with noise, air quality, and climate change. Against this backdrop, the noise levels experienced by the residents of Mgbuoshimini Community due to helicopters takeoff and landing were studied. The study was carried out for 14 days at three different locations using a Class 2 Optimus sound level meter from 7am to 5pm daily. Analysis involved the equivalent noise levels, statistical measures for the background noise, aircraft flyover noise as well as the Noise Gap Index (NGI) . It was found that the equivalent noise levels of the background noise and aircraft flyover noise range from 67.7 dBA to 72.4 dBA and 88.4 dBA to 88.6 dBA respectively. The peak background noise and aircraft flyover noise ranged from 69.17 dBA to 79 dBA and 93.2 dBA to 94.8 dBA respectively. These values exceeded the recommended value of 60 dBA for residential areas. Two models to determine the NGI for both low noise areas and high noise areas were developed. A correlation coefficient of 0.70 and 0.88 were obtained between the actual and predicted values of NGI for both low and high noise areas. Therefore, it is recommended that buildings should be adequately insulated by use of noise-absorbing materials. Furthermore, environmentally friendly (quieter) aircrafts should be used by the airline company operating in that area
On The Determinations of Weather, Seasonal, Sub-Seasonal and Climate Scale Variability and Overall Trends in the Atmosphere and Ocean
Authors:   Coastal Carolina University, College of Coastal Science, P.O. Box 261954, Conway, 5 South Carolina 29528-6054, USA, Pietrafesa LJ , Bao S ,   Coastal Carolina University, College of Coastal Science, P.O. Box 261954, Conway, 5 South Carolina 29528-6054, USA
Published: November 2021

The traditional concepts and definitions of multi-scale “weather”, “seasonal variability”, “sub-seasonal variability”, “climate variability”, “trends” and “climate change” for both the global atmosphere and the global ocean are considered. We build upon existing literature and present new evidence that atmospheric and oceanic temporal multi-scale variability are the result of a mix of well-known frequency and amplitude modulated nonlinear and phenomena that occur simultaneously [1-3]. We harvest representative atmospheric temperature and wind data, oceanic temperature and coastal water level from United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K.) agency archives, collected via in-situ and satellite remotely sensed data and employ a mathematical methodology that can decompose nonlinear data. The data decomposition reveals a continuum of well-defined, modulated, internal modes of oscillations, each with broad spectral peaks and each representative of naturally occurring phenomena. We reveal that the conventional notions of weather and seasonal to subseasonal to climate variability, actually constitute an over-lapping continuum, with shorter period oscillations commuting with longer period oscillations onto overall record length trends. We relate these internal, intrinsic modes of variability to naturally occurring causal agents, from relatively high frequency weather to lower frequency seasonal to sub-seasonal to climate scale variability. Correlative relationships between climate factors reveal causal couplings of the oceanic and atmospheric systems.
Phosphorus Biosolubilization by Micro-Organisms
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás-UFG. Goiânia, Goiás / Brazil. Rua Delenda Resende de Melo Left /1. Avenida S/N Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Sector, CEP 74605-050., Rocha Ferreira Glalber Luiz da , Gonçalves Vieira José Daniel ,   Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás-UFG. Goiânia, Goiás / Brazil. Rua Delenda Resende de Melo Left /1. Avenida S/N Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University Sector, CEP 74605-050.
Published: November 2021

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for the growth and reproduction of plants, the main source of which is phosphate rocks (PRs). In view of the extraction process of this mineral, major environmental impacts are characterized, with the generation of solid residues that represent great economic value when using appropriate techniques for using minerals in solid residues, representing an extractive process with better efficiency and utilization of the extracted amount. There are many possible techniques applicable to a better yield in the extractive process, for example, in particular biosolubilization, which makes use of different microorganisms in the solubilization of the phosphorus element. In this review article, different microorganisms will be presented in the phosphorus solubilization, as well as the knowledge of the chemical and biological characteristics of the microorganisms in the biosolubization process
Solubilization of Phosphorus by Isolated Fungus of Iron ore Tailings
Authors:   Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology. Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health. Federal University of Goiás. Cep 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brazi, Rocha Ferreira Glalber Luiz da , Sadoyama Geraldo ,   Department of Biological Sciences CAC - UFG. Federal University of Goiás. Cep 75704-020, Catalão, GO, Brazil
Published: November 2021

In view of the high technological expectations in the mining sector today, an inability of miners to reach their totality in the use of minerals present in nature is verified, and this is caused primarily by the use of methods considered fallible in the mining process. In view of this condition, it is necessary to develop new technologies with innovative behavior, seeking more productive forms. Among the existing technologies, a study with a technological and promising view is proposed, which deals with the process of phosphorus biosolubilization from a synthetic source considered insoluble by a fungus isolated from iron ore. Genetic tests revealed that the microorganism belongs to the Aspergillus genus, that is, the Aspergillus terreus species. The analytical tests proposed in this study pointed to a solubilization of 90.93 % of phosphorus by fungal biomass, which corresponds to 296.56 mg L-1 of soluble phosphorus, occurring in a 168 hour process, accounting for an average solubilization of 1,76 mg h-1. The biosolubilization process proved to be a great technological alternative in reducing production costs and establishing the sustainability of the mineral extraction system, being a viable alternative in purifying and adding value to iron ore, and also in obtaining another compound consisting of phosphorus, generating a new economic source, as an example in the production of fertilizers.
Alveococcus Multilocularis Sources and Factors of Pathogen Transmission in Arctic Yakutia
Authors:   Pr. Doctor. vet. sciences, head of the Laboratory Helminthology, Federal State Institution: M.G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Michailovna Kokolova Luidmila , Yurievna Gavrilieva Lyubov ,   Candidate of Veterinary Sciences Senior Researcher of the Laboratory Helminthology, Federal State Institution: M.G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - Division of Federal Research Centre “The Yakut Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Published: November 2021

This article presents data on the study of the ecological and epizootic situation of the helminth Alveococcus multilocularis, which is particularly dangerous for humans and animals. The main sources and factors of transmission of Alveococcus in susceptible animals and the regularity of the circulation of pathogens in natural foci in the Arctic are determined. According to the results of research, they have a rather dangerous epizootic potential and at any time it is possible to aggravate the epizootic situation. Therefore, the resumption of studies in natural foci of alveolar Echinococcosis is highly relevant, therefore, a study taking into account natural-climatic conditions and socio-economic change in Yakutia and features of distribution Alveococcus multilocularis, it is also necessary to reduce infection in domestic animals and humans.
Social and Economic Analogues of Ecological Phenomena
Authors:   Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala, Russia, Medjidovich Guseynov Rizvan , LR Azizova ,   Dagestan State University (College of Law), Makhachkala, Russia
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the commonality of social, economic and environmental phenomena, the presence of related features. Method: Comparative (comparative) analysis of humanitarian (social) economic and environmental phenomena and the identification of similarities and similarities in three types of phenomena. Results: Based on the specific facts observed in biology or ecology and in human society, there are many similarities in these three types of phenomena. Conclusion: The conclusion is made that taking into account the nature of environmental phenomena in human society (society) would be very useful and would lead to lower human costs.
Invasive Potential of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) From the Tributary of the Ganga River, Central India
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, Dwivedi Amitabh Chandra , Mayank Priyanka ,   Kalash Research and Welfare Society, Prayagraj-211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: November 2021

The natural fishery or wild stock of fishes especially fresh water in India is significantly declining due to manmade stressors. The invasion of fishes and size composition are an essential component of stream, river and other large water bodies ecosystem and represents an evident of structure, function, depth and health of stream/river. During study period 683 specimens of Oreochromis niloticus were collected from February 2019 to January 2020 in Sirsa fish landing centre from the lower stretch of the Tons river at Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Size composition of fishes was varied from 82 to 463 mm (total length). The maximum total length of O. niloticus in the catches indicated that its increasing colonisation success in the river Tons. Size composition of fishes was also indicated that the stock of O. niloticus in the Tons river was in healthy condition. The 231-260 mm size group was most dominated (15.67%) compared to 261-290 mm (12.44%) and 291-320 mm (11.71%) in the total exploited stock. The middle size group was maximum exploited with 51.24% from the Tons river at Prayagraj. Higher size group contributed sizeable proportion with 25.04% in the exploited stock. The exploitation pattern was unsystematic in higher size group due to contribution of higher proportion. Current exploitation pattern is unsystematic but O. niloticus is powerfully invaded from the lower stretch of the Tons river at Prayagraj.
Seasonal Variation in Abundance, Distribution and Environmental Impacts of Geomicrobiological Communities in the Lower Calabar River Channel, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors:   Centre for Geomechanics, Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Abija F A
Published: November 2021

Microbes act as geochemical agents for the degradation of environmental contaminants hence their abundance and distribution influences ecological response to pollution stress in soils, sediments, and rivers systems and in environmental protection. In this paper seasonal variation in geomicrologicl abundance in the river water, sediments and adjoining soils have been assessed. The results indicate a higher microorganism count during the wet season. The presence of E. coli in 100ml of water implies that water is unsuitable for any domestic use without disinfection. The Faecal and Total Coliform counts also indicate that undesirable sources are contaminating the river and posing environmental health risk. However environmental self-remediation and possible absence of sources of the microorganisms was promoted during the wet season than the dry season.
Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestation, and Characteristic of Coronavirus Covid-19 in Palestine and Regional Areas
Authors:   General Directorate of Internal Audit, Palestinian Ministry of Health, Alabama University, USA, Alabsi Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

In December, 2019, a pneumonia disease associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. And it spread rapidly until reach Palestine. On March 05, Palestinian Ministry of Health – (P. MOH) notified of a positive Covid-19 test result from (7) patients who had been under quarantine at home, with under medical supervision at Bethlehem. The study aimed to clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia in Palestine.
Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement of strength deficit in shoulder flexors of young females: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Perwaiz Saadia , Afzal Muhammad Waqar , Fatima Ghulam
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare accuracy of manual muscle testing in detection of strength differences across grade 4 and 5 at different percentage deficits of dynamometric mean in shoulder flexors of young females. 
Methods: Cross sectional research design, conducting primary analysis of strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer. Three hundred young healthy females without any ailment of upper extremity or generalized health problem were selected from University of South Asia and Association of Fatima Jinnah Old Graduates, Lahore. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The age group selected was 18-39 years. The strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer was main outcome measure.
Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing showed better results at 10% dynamometric measures. It was 63.33%(95% CI: 57.74%, 68.59%) in non-dominant shoulder flexors and 61.67% (95% CI: 56.05%, 66.99%) in dominant shoulder flexors. The positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity of manual muscle testing was better at 10% strength deficit in comparison with dynamometric measures, whereas negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity was better at 20% strength deficit. Contrasting association was found between positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity. 
Conclusion: The subjective area of grade 4 and 5 showed better, although not ideal, diagnostic worth at 10% deficit of dynamometric measures in shoulder flexors. Further exploration through study of contrasting trends between PPV and sensitivity by subgroup analysis is required.
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