bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of written communication, linguistic deficiencies, and the achievement of competences in incoming students in an Universidad Pública del Cusco
Authors: VELASCO-PALACIOS María Dolores , SUYO-CRUZ Gabriel
Published: August 2021

Currently, the education environment is experiencing great challenges; In other words, education in Peru, especially Regular Basic Education (EBR), presents a series of difficulties in the writing of administrative and academic documents. The objective of the study is to establish the relationship between the level of written communication, the linguistic deficiencies, and the achievement of competences in students entering an Universidad Pública del Cusco. The study approach is quantitative and applicative, with a causal correlational cross-sectional design; It is made up of a total of 1406 students entering the National University of San Antonio Abad del Cusco, choosing for the study of 142 students through non-probability sampling for convenience, compiling the information using the Likert scale, having examined its validity and reliability. Obtaining the fundamental conclusions that if there is a significant association between the level of written communication, linguistic deficiencies, and the achievement of competencies in students entering an Universidad Pública del Cusco. As well as it is observed with the contrast of the hypothesis test whose "P-value" = 0.000 is less than the significance value 0.05. Evidence using the Rho Spearman statistical test denies the null hypothesis, and we admit the alternative hypothesis.
Gestión de aprendizaje y práctica formativa de los maestros ecuatorianos
Authors: Ortega-Morales Yorby
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of relationship that exists between learning management and the formative practice of teachers. The design was of cross-correlation with a descriptive approach, where 66 students from the Dolores Cacuango Educational Unit, Cantón Guayaquil, Parroquia Tarqui participated in the period 2017, being the instrument used the survey, this was aimed at teachers and students of the educational institution. The results obtained in this research agree that the training practice is directly linked to management, this being the backbone of the Institution's success, for this the leadership of the director and the support of the entire community were taken into account educational, to parents, students and / or students and community. It is concluded that there is a high level of relationship between learning management and training practice.
COVID-19 and the Bidoon in Kuwait: Pandemic or Statelessness Vulnerabilities?
Authors: Alshammiry Areej
Published: August 2021

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COVID-19 in Cox's Bazar: Pandemic Narratives from the World's Largest Refugee Camp
Authors: Cowper-Smith Yuriko , Muhammad Saifullah
Published: August 2021

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Surviving Overlapping Precarity in a 'Gigantic Hellhole': A Case Study of Venezuelan LGBTQI+ Asylum Seekers and Undocument Migrant in Brazil amid COVID-19
Authors: Su Yvonne , Valiquette Tyler , Cowper-Smith Yuriko
Published: August 2021

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Statelessness: A Modern History by Mira L Siegelberg (Harvard University Press)
Authors: Brinham Natalie
Published: August 2021

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When States Take Rights Back: Citizenship Revocation and Its Discontents Edited by Émilien Fargues, Elke Winter and Matthew J Gibney (Routledge)
Authors: Tiessen Louise
Published: August 2021

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Colonial Legacies in Syrian Nationality Law and the Risk of Statelessness
Authors: Benslama-Dabdoub Malak
Published: August 2021

The millions of Syrians born or living in exile as a result of the ongoing conflict has dramatically increased the number of people from Syria with no nationality. In this regard, Syrian nationality law has been criticised for containing discriminatory provisions and failing to address the risk of statelessness. Nonetheless, the responsibility of colonialism in creating such discrimination has been largely overlooked. One decade after the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, this article looks back at the colonial roots of Syrian legislation governing nationality. Through a critical legal and historical analysis, it reveals the hidden colonial legacies of Syrian citizenship, by highlighting the responsibility of European colonial powers in introducing gender-based discrimination in domestic legislation, rendering Kurds and Palestinians stateless, and creating the practice of arbitrary denationalisation. This paper ends with a call for more research on colonial legacies within citizenship and statelessness studies.
TP v Minister of Home Affairs (Sentence No 9140, 22 April 2014) (Tribunal of Rome)
Authors: Farci Paolo
Published: August 2021

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Germany v XT (CJEU, 2021): Palestinian Refugees, UNRWA and Article 1D of the Refugee Convention
Authors: Orchard Cynthia
Published: August 2021

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Towards a Stateless Standpoint Epistemology
Authors: Bahram Haqqi
Published: August 2021

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ANALISIS SEMIOTIK CERPEN SANG PENGELANA DAN TEKA-TEKI SEMESTA KARYA ELIZABETH GABRIELA
Authors: Ningsih Tri Wahyu Retno , Elshanti Annida Hanifah , Amelia Rizki Dinda
Published: August 2021

Bahasa merupakan sistem komunikasi terpenting bagi manusia. Bahasa juga sebagai sistem semiotika. Semiotika adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tanda-tanda yang berkaitan dengan segala sesuatu yang dapat dianalisis. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemaknaan cerpen berjudul “Sang Pengelana dan Teka-Teki Semesta” karya Elizabeth Gabriela (Kompas, 2021) dengan menggunakan pendekatan semiotika. Peneliti menggunakan teori Michael Riffatere. Mereka adalah membaca heuristik dan hermeneutik. Pembacaan heuristik diterapkan untuk mengetahui makna dalam kamus. Dalam pembacaan heuristik, kita akan menemukan arti, model dan variannya. Pembacaan hermeneutik adalah proses semiotika yang berlangsung dalam benak pembaca dan pada tahap membaca ini akan ditemukan matriks, hipogram, dan signifikansi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima varian matriks dalam cerpen ini dan hipogramnya
A Hybrid Enhanced Real-Time Face Recognition Model using Machine Learning Method with Dimension Reduction
Authors:   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India., Kumari Jaya , Patidar Kailash ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India., Saxena Mr. Gourav ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India., Kushwaha Mr. Rishi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2021

Face recognition techniques play a crucial role in numerous disciplines of data security, verification, and authentication. The face recognition algorithm selects a face attribute from an image datasets. Recognize identification is an authentication device for verification as well as validation having both data analysis and feasible significance. The facerecognizing centered authentication framework can further be considered an AI technology implementation for instantly identifying a particular image. In this research, we are presenting a hybrid face recognition model (HFRM) using machine learning methods with “Speed Up Robust Features” (SURF), “scale-invariant feature transform” (SIFT), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) &Principal component analysis (PCA) method. In the proposed HFRM model SURF method mainly detects the local feature efficiently. SIFT method mainly utilizes to detect the local features and recognize them. LPP retains the local framework of facial feature area which is generally quite meaningful than on the sequence kept by a 'principal component analysis (PCA) as well as “linear discriminate analysis” (LDA). The proposed HFRM method is compared with the existing (H. Zaaraoui et al., 2020) method and the experimental result clearly shows the outstanding performance in terms of detection rate and accuracy % over existing methods.
Brain Tumor Detection from MR Images using Image Process Techniques and Tools in Matlab Software
Authors:   National University of Science of Technology Islamabad., Rehman Faisal , Ali Syed Sheeraz ,   Sukkur IBA University Sindh Pakistan., Panhwar Hamadullah ,   Jilin University PR China, Phul Dr. Akhtar Hussain ,   Khairpur Medical College KMC Khairpur., Rajpar Sajjad Ali ,   Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Sindh Pakistan, Ahmed Shuaib ,   Kunming University of Science and Technology, China., Rabbani Saeed ,   Sukkur IBA University., Mehmood Tarique ,   Quaid Awam University Sindh.
Published: August 2021

In the medical era the Brain tumor is one of the most important research areas in the field of medical sciences. Researcher are trying to find the reliable and cost effective medical equipment’s for the cancer and its type for the diagnosed, especially tumor has deferent kinds but the major two type are discussed in this research paper. Which are the benign and Pre-Malignant, this research work is proposed for these factors such as the accuracy of the MRI image for the tumor identification and actual placing were taken into consideration. In this study, an algorithm is proposed to detect the brain tumor from magnetic resonance image (MRI) data simple. As enhance the image quality for the easiness the tumor treatments and diagnosed for the patients. The proposed algorithm enhances the MR image quality and detects the Brain tumor which helps the Physician to diagnose the tumor easily. As well this algorithm automatically calculates the area of tumor, size and location of the tumor where it is present for diagnostic the Patient.
Automatic Sprinkler System using Arduino
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Electrical, Government Polytechnic, Nanded., Barbade Mr. G. M. , Ganesh Miss. Mahajan Vasudha ,   Student, Department of Electrical, Government Polytechnic, Nanded., Shivraj Miss. Pasarge Sanika ,   Student, Department of Electrical, Government Polytechnic, Nanded., Bharat Miss. Shinde Sandhya ,   Student, Department of Electrical, Government Polytechnic, Nanded.
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on a smart sprinkler irrigation system that is less costly and any farmer used in farm division. In 21century where automation is playing the most important role in the life of human. Automation allows us to control Appliances with automatic control. Automation gives comfort, Increase efficiency as well as save time. Nowadays, most of the industries are used Automation and control mechanism which is expensive for cost and does not suitable for use in a farm sector. In present days, food shortage and water shortages Occur due to the increase in population. To avoid the problem. we have to encourage the agriculture sector. Water Wastage is more in the farming sector. Watering the agricultural fields through irrigation by using this type of method we can save water. In this project, we make an automatic plant sprinkler irrigation system that has to be designed. The system consist relay, Arduino and moisture sensor. The moisture sensor senses the dryness and wetness of the soil. Then Arduino works as per instruction of moisture sensor and system control by Arduino UNO. This project design and development of an automatic plant watering system that is being used to protect a plant because of the reason that doesn’t get enough water for its growth. In everyday work related to gardening, watering is the most important work. The system created an automatic Plant watering system to minimize manual activities and making gardener’s work easier.
Optimizing the Amplifier Bandwidth for Pulse Reception
Authors: Kurtz Russell
Published: August 2021

Detecting and recognizing pulses is a critical task, in fields as widely separated as telecommunications, lidar, and target illumination. In all cases, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a key parameter that can be used to determine both the potential rate of errors and the probability of correct detection. In this paper the relationship among pulse width, amplifier bandwidth, and SNR is determined through modeling four approximations to pulse shapes and four amplifier lowpass filter configurations. The analysis determined that, given a specific filter and pulse shape, the bandwidth that maximizes SNR is a constant divided by the pulse width. For example, if the pulse has a Gaussian shape and the amplifier incorporates a second-order Chebyshev lowpass filter, this constant is 0.3389. Applying this, if the pulse width is 20 ns the maximum SNR comes for a filter bandwidth of 16.95 MHz, while if the pulse width is 50 µs the SNR is maximized at a 6.778-kHz bandwidth. Passing the signal through a filter also distorts the signal shape; the temporal shift and pulse lengthening are also determined. The calculated values are offered as inputs to a potential trade space that includes SNR, pulse distortion by the filter, and cost.
I mercati coperti di Giuseppe Mengoni
Authors: Panattoni Rita
Published: August 2021

Florence, the new capital of the Kingdom of Italy (1864-1870), went through a period of great transformation, which would leave significant traces in the city’s image and structure.
The construction of the new markets is emblematic of the city’s infrastructural modernisation, with the introduction of new architectural languages and construction technologies of international standing.
The Central Market at San Lorenzo is one of the most representative buildings of this modernisation process, a true masterpiece by Giuseppe Mengoni, the renowned designer of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan.
This volume reconstructs its history from a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective, based on largely unpublished documentation. It places Florence and its new market in a European context where architecture, town planning, politics and finance are tightly intertwined.
The Florentine case becomes a paradigm of the renewal of Italian architecture in the second half of the 19th century.
Um olhar para a vulnerabilidade: análise da ausência de acesso à saúde pelos quilombolas no Brasil
Authors: Nunes Mota Alyne , Da Silva Maciel Erika , Rodrigues Peixoto Quaresma Fernando , Albino de Araújo Francisco , Macedo Junior Hugo , Affonso Fonseca Fernando Luiz , Adami Fernando
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In Brazil, access to health care is a constitutional right guaranteed by the Unified Health System that provides, in its guiding principles, universality, and equity of access to health services.
Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the quilombola population's access to health services.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with 91,085 quilombolas. To measure the absence of access to health, the variables sex, ethnicity, work, disability, age group, illiteracy, place of residence, and average family income were used. The lack of access to health services was due to the identification of health care establishments by quilombola families in the Cadastro Único database. The association between socioeconomic characteristics and the lack of access to health services were assessed using the chi-square test and the measures of magnitude of the association and respective confidence intervals were estimated by Poisson Regression with robust variance.
Results: Among the factors associated with access to health services for the quilombola population, it is observed that the group with the highest risk is the elderly quilombolas, who declare themselves indigenous and who reside in the central west region It is noted that in 2004 there was a reduction in the lack of access to health by quilombolas to health services, however, between 2005 and 2015, there is an increase in the lack of access to health by quilombolas, after that period there is an ascendancy of access to health by this population.
Conclusion: Several factors are associated with access to health by quilombola populations, which, related to the inequalities experienced by this population, directly impact government actions.
La Pandemia de COVID-19 en el ámbito laboral: realidad y posibles soluciones en México
Authors: Martínez Martínez Verónica Lidia
Published: August 2021

Partiendo de una breve referencia a los acuerdos publicados por la autoridad sanitaria que consignan las distintas acciones encaminadas a mitigar y controlar la pandemia del SARS-CoV2, en este trabajo se da cuenta de los principales efectos que han provocado esas acciones en el mundo del trabajo y de las posibles soluciones que se han planteado para contrarrestar las adversidades.
Consecuencias de las medidas adoptadas en México a raíz del coronavirus. Análisis de una posible responsabilidad
Authors: Martínez Nava Susana , Veloz Romo Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2021

La pandemia COVID-19 ha demostrado la imposibilidad de los Estados para brindar seguridad al no garantizar que las personas se queden en casa, derivado de la falta de generación de mecanismos que permitan brindarle a la población un mínimo vital al momento de confinarla, así como por la carencia de opciones viables al sector económico, formal o informal para enfrentar la crisis económica acelerada por la pandemia. Todo ello lleva a cuestionar hasta qué punto el Estado mexicano es responsable de los daños económicos que se producen con las medidas adoptadas para contrarrestar la pandemia
Libertad de expresión y responsabilidad social en tiempos pandemia
Authors: Olmeda García Marina Del Pilar
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es reflexionar sobre el derecho humano a la libertad de expresión y destacar la responsabilidad social en el ejercicio de este derecho. En particular, en este estudio se realiza un análisis del derecho humano a la libertad de expresión a través de la revisión de la producción teórica y del avance normativo del reconocimiento a este derecho. El trabajo integra, además, un breve contexto histórico del desarrollo normativo del recono- cimiento al derecho a la libertad de expresión y el recorrido de su camino, que lo concretizan como un derecho humano superior. Se concluye con la reflexión sobre la responsabilidad social en el ejercicio de este derecho, particularmente cuando se trata de una pandemia como la tragedia que vive la humanidad en el presente que impacta todos los ámbitos de la vida humana.
Familias migrantes centroamericanas en tránsito por México: derecho a la salud y COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Martínez Daniela Mercedes , Niño Martínez José Javier
Published: August 2021

Este artículo representa una reflexión acerca de los derechos humanos de las familias migrantes en tránsito por México, particularmente sobre el derecho a la salud ante la pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. En primer lugar, se analiza el contexto actual de las familias migrantes Centroamericanas en tránsito por México, posteriormente se revisa la afectación del derecho a la salud de dichas familias desde un enfoque de derechos humanos. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis descriptivo del impacto que ha tenido la pandemia causada por la COVID-19 en América Latina a través de la crítica a las vulnerabilidades que actualmente sufren los migrantes centroamericanos a raíz de la declaración de emergencia sanitaria mundial.
Seguridad pública y participación ciudadana en el Estado de México
Authors: Ortiz Millan Francisco Víctor
Published: August 2021

La seguridad pública ha sido y es un tema que ha preocupado al Estado Mexicano y para el cual ha creado en sus diferentes ordenamientos legales, reglamentarios y administrativos los mecanismos para garantizar que en la elaboración, diseño, ejecución y evaluación de las políticas públicas, participe de manera efectiva la ciudadanía; sin embargo, a la fecha dichos canales de comunicación y participación ciudadana se encuentran limitados, entre otros factores, por la dinámica en la que se han visto inmersas las instituciones de seguridad pública al momento de hacer frente a la delincuencia, lo que ha impedido disminuir la incidencia delictiva, particularmente en el Estado de México. Como consecuencia de ello, es necesario replantear o fortalecer los canales de participación ciudadana a través de los Consejos Intermunicipales de Seguridad Pública; en tal sentido, para realizar la presente investigación haremos uso de los métodos histórico, deductivo, analítico y sistemático, lo que nos permitirá conocer de qué manera la seguridad pública y la participación ciudadana han logrado reducir los índices delincuenciales en nuestra entidad federativa.
THE SOVIET AGRARIAN POLICY IN THE IRRIGATION FIELD IN UZBEKISTAN (1950-1990)
Authors: Oybek Kamilovich Komilov  , Doniyorbek Murodjon ugli Sobirov
Published: August 2021

In the article it is analyzed the policy of the centre of the further strengthening mono cultural clap in Uzbekistan that in undertaken measures on building of large irrigation canals and pumping stations in republic on the bases of archival sources and a historical material in 50-80 XX century. Besides, research showed that Soviet government, having outlined the appropriate political and economic goals in Uzbekistan, began to introduce into practical life a policy related to the development of the irrigation system and the construction of reclamation facilities.
An analysis of pre-service teachers’ understanding of the knowledge needed for teaching Mathematics: the case of Malawi
Authors: Jacinto Everton
Published: August 2021

In contexts of adversity, there is a need to educate pre-service teachers with specialized content knowledge so they can carry out the work of teaching effectively. This article draws upon a study with three pre-service teachers in Malawi that examines the understanding they develop of the knowledge needed to carry out mathematics teaching tasks, in particular, the knowledge needed sequence instructional tasks sequence and use mathematical representations in classrooms. The research was conducted in one teacher education college where the curriculum is under development and has an emergent demand for qualifying teachers in mathematics. The research methodology was based on a questionnaire, interviews, teaching observations, and group discussions. The data were thematically analyzed through two themes reflecting the knowledge pre-service teachers considered necessary for teaching mathematics. While the first theme reveals how pre-service teachers understand this knowledge as a reference for meeting curricular standards and students’ needs, the second captures a form of understanding that attempts to go beyond conceptual knowledge. The findings can help better understand the pre-service teachers’ learning and experience during teacher education and how theoretical constructs are conceived in challenging contexts of teacher education.
Vestígios pré-históricos do futuro da Matemática Escolar
Authors: Mendes Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

O novo coronavírus se espalhou de forma rápida e devastadora pelo mundo, o que levou a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarar que estamos diante de uma pandemia. A primeira ação para conter sua disseminação foi o confinamento dos seres humanos em suas residências. O vírus provocou mudanças na rotina em todos os lugares por onde chegou. Inúmeros trabalhadores desenvolvem suas funções laborais a partir de suas residências, milhares de alunos realizam suas atividades escolares desde suas casas e as famílias tiveram que desenvolver todos os trabalhos domésticos. As tecnologias digitais que até então não haviam ocupado um lugar de destaque na educação formal, surgiram como a solução para realizar as atividades escolares remotas durante a pandemia. Neste contexto, quais questões são colocadas aos professores agora que a sala de aula foi para dentro dos dispositivos digitais? Qual a real função do professor quando os alunos têm livre acesso à Internet durante as aulas? Como a escola lida com as vidas perdidas pela Covid-19 ao mesmo tempo que aborda os conteúdos escolares? As atividades escolares remotas parecem demonstrar a exaustão do modelo tradicional de educação, baseada nos conteúdos formais, que ainda prevalece nos dias atuais.
Matemática na Wikipédia: avaliando e melhorando a qualidade do conteúdo disponível
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo , Andreazza Natália Simone , Bublitz César
Published: August 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo relatar os procedimentos e resultados referentes ao desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa “Matemática na Wikipédia: avaliando e melhorando a qualidade do conteúdo disponível”, realizado durante o período de maio de 2018 a março de 2020. O projeto foi idealizado com a pretensão de efetivar uma análise da qualidade de diferentes páginas da Wikipédia lusófona sobre tópicos de matemática, a fim de editar algumas delas posteriormente. No total, foram demarcadas e classificadas 491 páginas, dentre as quais 18 foram de fato editadas. Durante a vigência do projeto, também foi possível elaborar e publicar dois artigos que inexistiam na Wikipédia lusófona. O trabalho no projeto proporcionou aprendizados aos envolvidos, mas, apesar das ações já realizadas, considera-se a continuidade do projeto de suma importância, visto que as páginas da plataforma possuem elevado número de acessos e que ainda há muito conteúdo a aperfeiçoar.
Empréstimos & Financiamentos: uma revisão sistemática sobre o ensino de Sistemas de Amortização
Authors: Freitas Bruno , Ferreira Fernanda Aparecida , Moreira Valéria Guimaraes
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática acerca do ensino dos Sistemas de Amortização no Ensino Médio. Essa ação é parte integrante de uma pesquisa sobre Empréstimos & Financiamentos na Educação Básica, desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional – PROFMAT. O corpus desse mapeamento é composto por 20 pesquisas coletadas no repositório de dissertações do referido programa, publicadas no período de 2013 a 2020. Sob as orientações metodológicas de Ferreira (2002) e Ferreira et al (2013), informações obtidas a partir de leituras interpretativas e panorâmicas dos trabalhos nos permitiram identificar focos e perspectivas no ensino dos Sistema de Amortização Constante - SAC e da Tabela Price, principais sistemas mencionados nesse texto. Ao categorizar as pesquisas quanto aos conteúdos matemáticos abordados, aos recursos utilizados no ensino e aos materiais/produtos desenvolvidos, nossas análises destacaram o uso de planilhas eletrônicas como recurso eficaz às abordagens em sala de aula e a aplicação de atividades e sequências didáticas que orientam a tomada de decisões sobre um financiamento. Tais resultados evidenciam o caráter balizador dessa revisão para produção de novas pesquisas, especialmente, àquelas desenvolvidas no âmbito da Educação Financeira.
The Use of Immune System Cells for The Treatment of Metastatic Cancer: A Personalised Medicine Concept
Authors: Ayeotan Olorunfemi
Published: August 2021

Cancer is initiated by an alteration or mutation of genes which may occur naturally i.e., inherited or acquired over the years as a result of environmental factors or by exposure to certain chemicals (carcinogens), exposure to various forms of radiations and lifestyle habit such as smoking, alcohol, poor diet and obesity. During cancer progression, various components of the innate and adaptive immunity are activated in effort to reduce or remove the cancer mediated inflammation but tumour cells avoid the immune attack posed by these cells. Various cancer cells have unique mechanisms through which they escape from the immune response making them resistance to destruction by the immune system. In effort to treat various forms of cancers, scientists have been able to device means by which the immune system can be modified in other to fight cancer cells, this form of treatment that focuses on the modification of the innate and adaptive immune system in treatment of cancer is termed immunotherapy.
Sources of Speaking EFL Self-Efficacy of Japanese University Students
Authors: Kobayashi Dawn
Published: August 2021

Raising the English-speaking fluency of university graduates is a key concern. The ability to communicate in English serves as a gateway to global education and employment opportunities, at the same time, the English level of Japanese is one of the lowest in Asia. Self-efficacy, which is a person’s confidence in their abilities to complete a specific task, may help in understanding why. It is formed through the interpretation of learning experiences and is a predictor of academic success. However, its role in EFL speaking in Japan remains under-researched. Consequently, in this study 15 university students were interviewed about their EFL speaking learning experiences at junior and senior high school in relation to sources of self-efficacy. Findings suggest a tendency for passive speaking mastery experiences, insufficient peer modelling and a strong preference from students for more communicative activities.

大学卒業者の英語力の向上は重要な課題である。英語でのコミュニケーション能力は、グローバルな教育や雇用機会への入り口となるが、一方で日本人の英語レベルはアジアでも最低レベルである。その理由を理解するには、特定の課題を成功させるための自己効力感（self-efficacy）が役立つかもしれない。自己効力感は学習経験の解釈を通して形成され、学業の成功を予測するものである。しかし、日本のEFL スピーキングにおけるその役割については、まだ十分な研究がなされていない。そこで本研究では、15 名の大学生を対象に、中学・高校でのEFL スピーキングの学習経験と自己効力感との関連についてインタビューを行った。その結果、学生には受動的なスピーキング習得の傾向がみられ、ピア・モデリングが不十分であり、学生がより多くのコミュニケーション活動を好む傾向があることが示唆された。
Rural Japanese Students’ Sentiments Regarding Japanese Teachers of English
Authors: Lee Bradford , Bailey Justin
Published: August 2021

English is not a single entity, but rather composed of infinite varieties known collectively as World Englishes. Published research in the Japanese context has overwhelmingly reported students’ preference for the Standard American variety, with Japanese English being typically subject to scorn. However, the current study argues that this established narrative has been subject to sampling bias due to homogeneous study locales (mostly in-and-around the Tokyo area) and sample selection (mostly English or Communication majors). Our precursor research on non-English majors residing in rural Japan found no statistical difference between the number of students preferring native English teachers vs. Japanese ones (Lee & Bailey, 2020). Following this line of research, the current study reports on a qualitative investigation into the sentiments of this underrepresented population. The factors of effective communication, interest in language-learning strategies, and peace-of-mind were found to be behind the students’ positive sentiments towards Japanese Teachers of English.

英語は単一ではなく無限の種類があり、それらは総称して「世界英語（複数形）」と呼ばれている。 これまでに発表された日本に関する研究では、学生が標準的なアメリカン・イングリッシュを好むという報告が圧倒的に多く、ジャパニーズ・イングリッシュは軽蔑の対象とされてきた。しかし本論はこのような結果は研究場所（主に東京周辺）とサンプルの選択方法（主に英語またはコミュニケーション専攻の学生）が均一的であるため、サンプリングバイアスの影響を受けていることを指摘した。日本の地方在住の非英語専攻の学生を対象とした筆者たちによる先行研究では、ネイティブの英語教師を好む学生と日本人教師を好む学生の間に統計的な違いは見つからなかった (Lee & Bailey, 2020)。この一連の調査を受けて、本論では過小評価された集団の感情に関する定性的調査の結果を報告した。 日本人の英語教師に対する学生の好意的な感情の背後には、効果的なコミュニケーション、語学学習戦略への関心、そして安心感という要因があることがわかった。
Social Anxiety in Japanese Learners: Implications for English Education
Authors: Ostman David , Xethakis Larry
Published: August 2021

The role of affect in language learning remains an under-examined area of inquiry. While research into foreign language anxiety has progressed, as more interaction-focused methodologies are employed in the classroom the influence of social anxiety on learners’ attitudes towards language learning should receive more attention. The current study adopted an explanatory sequential design to examine feelings of social anxiety among first-year university students (n = 810) at a private university in Western Japan enrolled in an oral communication course heavily emphasizing student interaction. Survey data revealed a significant decrease in anxiety, and corpus analysis of student responses revealed the importance of learners’ familiarity with classmates in reducing feelings of unease. These results suggest that social dimensions play an important role in helping learners cope with interactional anxiety. They also suggest that strategies for reducing social anxiety should be a focus of further inquiry.

言語学習における情意の役割は、まだ十分に研究されていない分野である。外国語不安に関する研究は進んできてはいるが、教室でのやりとりに焦点をあわせた方法論が多く採用されるにつれ、社会不安が学習者の言語学習態度に与える影響によりいっそう注目すべきと考える。本研究では、西日本の私立大学において、学生との対話を重視したオーラルコミュニケーションコースに在籍する大学1年生（n=810）を対象に、説明的順次デザインを用いて学生の社会不安感を調査した。結果として、不安感は顕著に減少し、学生の回答をコーパス分析したところ、不安感の減少にはクラスメートとの親密さが重要であることが明らかになった。これらの結果は、学習者が社交不安に対処する上で、社会的側面が重要な役割を果たしていることを示している。加えて社会不安を軽減するための方略が、今後の研究の焦点となるべきであることも示唆している。
Gairaigo: Japanese EFL Learners’ Hidden Vocabulary
Authors: Garland Brendan
Published: August 2021

Japanese is a language that accepts a great number of foreign words (known as gairaigo) into its lexicon, and in modern times these words come predominantly from English. However, despite containing a base of thousands of common English words, the study and use of this latent vocabulary to benefit EFL learners has not been fully realized. This paper describes an exploratory study of a short course given to a university EFL class in Japan, which was intended to explore ways to activate learners’ English-gairaigo vocabulary. Students received lessons in recognition of English-based gairaigo, differences between English and gairaigo, and were encouraged to explore their own knowledge and use of gairaigo. Pre and post testing suggested a positive correlation between the course and improvements in some English-gairaigo abilities, and survey results indicated students’ enthusiastic response to acquiring a skill they felt was useful in their English studies.

日本語は外来語を大量に受けいれる言語であり、なかでも現代では主に英語由来の語が多い。しかし、何千もの一般的な英語の単語が基であるにもかかわらず、EFL学生に役立つこの潜在的な語彙に関する積極的な研究と使用は十分に実施されてはいない。本論は日本の大学のEFLクラスを対象に、学生が英語由来の語彙を活性化する方法を探ることを目的とした短期講座について論究した。学生は、英語由来の外来語を認識し、英語と外来語の違いを見分ける授業を受け、自分自身で外来語の知識と使用方法を探求することが促された。事前と事後のテストでは、本講座と英語・外来語能力の向上との間に正の相関関係があることが示唆され、また調査結果において、英語学習に役立つスキルの習得に対する学生の熱心な反応が示された。
Teacher Perceptions and Practices in an English Conversation Lounge
Authors: Garnica Adam , Mislang Ramon
Published: August 2021

This research focused on examining how language was being used in a mid-sized private Japanese university’s English conversation lounge. Data on distribution and length of turns as well as quantity and quality of utterances were recorded through surveys with students and instructors as well as interviews with instructors. Data was also collected to investigate student perceptions, attitudes, and motivations for conversation practice with native English speakers. The results of reported talk time from students and teachers attending the lounge demonstrate a mismatch between the expectations of stakeholders and the reality of conversation practices beyond the classroom. The implications of the findings can help inform the development of, and training for, similar English conversation lounge areas or social learning spaces at other universities.

本研究では日本の中規模の私立大学構内に設けられた英会話ラウンジにおいてどのように言語が使われているかに焦点を合わせて考察を行った。研究方法としては、学生と教員を対象にしたアンケート調査と、教員へのインタビューを行い、これらを通して、会話の配分や受け答えの長さ、また発話の量と質を記録した。調査では、学生が感じたことや態度、そして英語のネイティブスピーカーと会話を練習するモチベーションが何かについてデータを収集し、分析した。結果として、関係者の期待と教室外での会話練習の現実との間に齟齬があることが判明した。本研究で得られた知見は、他の英会話ラウンジや他大学構内の社会学習スペースの開発や研修などに活用できると考えられる
Untangling the Lactifluus clarkeae - Lf. flocktoniae (Russulaceae) species complex in Australasia
Authors: Lebel T. , Douch J. , Tegart L. , Vaughan L. , Cooper J.A. , Nuytinck J.
Published: August 2021

The Lactifluus clarkeae complex is a commonly observed, generally brightly coloured, group of mushrooms that are usually associated with Nothofagus or Myrtaceous hosts in Australia and New Zealand. For this study collections labelled as ' Lactarius clarkeae ',
' Russula flocktoniae ' and ' Lactarius subclarkeae ' were examined morphologically and molecularly. Analyses of molecular data showed a high cryptic diversity, with sequences scattered across 11 clades in three subgenera within Lactifluus, and a single
collection in Russula. We select epitypes to anchor the currently accepted concepts of Lf. clarkeae s. str. and Lf. flocktoniae s. str. The name Lf. subclarkeae could not be applied to any of the collections examined, as none had a lamprotrichoderm pileipellis.
Lactifluus clarkeae var. aurantioruber is raised to species level, and six new species are described, three in subg. Lactifluus : Lf. jetiae, Lf. pagodicystidiatus, and Lf. rugulostipitatus, and three in subg. Gymnocarpi: Lf. albens, Lf. psammo
philus, and Lf. pseudoflocktoniae. A new collection of Lf. russulisporus provides a significant range extension for the species. Untangling this complex will enable better identification of species and increase understanding of diversity and specific habitat associations
of macrofungi.
Factores asociados al riesgo en la deserción estudiantil en un Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Público
Authors:   Universidad Privada César Vallejo, Mori Quiroz Juan
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia de los factores asociados al riesgo en la deserción estudiantil de un instituto superior tecnológico público. El interés en este tema es fruto de una problemática real como la deserción estudiantil, que a su vez constituye un tema de mucho cuidado para los estudiantes de institutos tecnológicos. La investigación es de naturaleza cuantitativa, su nivel es correlacional causal, y es de diseño no experimental, con una población de 131 estudiantes que desertaron en el año 2018. La muestra fue de 80 estudiantes y se han considerado criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se empleó la técnica llamada encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de 31 preguntas, 16 para la variable factores de riesgo y 15 para la variable deserción. El resultado relevante es que la dimensión socioeconómica es la de mayor significación (p=0.005<0.05) para la deserción estudiantil. La conclusión es que las otras dimensiones personales, académicas e institucionales no inciden en la deserción, sino que son útiles para definir actividades preventivas para que, en un futuro, no influyan en esta.
The Impact of Low-luminosity AGNs on Their Host Galaxies: A Radio and Optical Investigation of the Kiloparsec-scale Outflow in MaNGA 1-166919
Authors: Al Yazeedi Aisha , Katkov Ivan Yu. , Gelfand Joseph D. , Wylezalek Dominika , Zakamska Nadia L. , Liu Weizhe
Published: August 2021

One way an active galactic nucleus (AGN) influences the evolution of their host galaxy is by generating a large-scale (kiloparsec-scale) outflow. The content, energetics, and impact of such outflows depend on the properties of both the AGN and host galaxy, and understanding the relationship between them requires measuring the properties of all three. In this paper, we do so by analyzing recent radio and optical integral field unit spectroscopic observations of MaNGA 1-166919. Our results indicate that the biconical outflow in this galaxy is powered by a low-luminosity, low Eddington ratio AGN ejecting material that drives ∼100–200 km s−1 shocks into the surrounding interstellar medium—producing the hot, ionized gas and relativistic particles associated with the observed outflow. The energetics of the relativistic and ionized gas material produced at this shock are comparable, and both the mass outflow and kinetic power of the ionized gas in this outflow are higher than other AGNs with similar bolometric luminosities. Lastly, while the host galaxy’s total star formation rate is comparable to that of other star-forming galaxies with a similar stellar mass, there is evidence that the outflow both suppresses and enhances star formation in its immediate surroundings.
A Signature of 27 day Solar Rotation in the Concentration of Metallic Ions within the Terrestrial Ionosphere
Authors: Yu Bingkun , Scott Christopher J. , Xue Xianghui , Yue Xinan , Chi Yutian , Dou Xiankang , Lockwood Mike
Published: August 2021

We present observations during the interval 2006–2014 of 27 day and 13.5 day periodic oscillations in the ionospheric sporadic E (Es) layer. This is a thin, dense layer composed of metallic ions in the Earth’s upper atmosphere between 90 and 130 km. Lomb–Scargle spectral and wavelet analyses reveal that these pronounced periodicities observed from ground-based ionosondes and GPS/GNSS radio occultations are associated with high-speed solar winds generated from persistent coronal holes on successive 27 day solar rotations. The 27 day and 13.5 day oscillations in the Es layers are dependent on latitude, showing a higher magnitude of periodicities at low latitudes between 0° and 15° and at high latitudes between 45° and 90° (10%–14%) than those at midlatitudes between 15° and 45° (4%–10%). The 27 day and 13.5 day oscillations in the high-latitude Es layers correlate well with the geomagnetic activity Dst and Ap indices, and these periodic oscillations become more significant at the solar maximum (2000–2003 and 2011–2014) than at the solar minimum.
Accurate Gaunt Factors for Nonrelativistic Quadrupole Bremsstrahlung
Authors: Pradler Josef , Semmelrock Lukas
Published: August 2021

The exact result for nonrelativistic quadrupole bremsstrahlung in a Coulomb field was established only recently in Pradler & Semmelrock. It requires the evaluation and integration of hypergeometric functions across a wide range of parameters and arguments, which, in practice, is unfeasible. Here we provide a highly accurate tabulation of the Gaunt factor for quadrupole radiation, its thermal average in a Maxwellian plasma, and the associated cooling function over the entire kinematically relevant range. In addition, we provide a simple approximate formula for the emission cross section that works to within a few percent accuracy for all practical purposes. The results can be applied to the scattering of electrons with themselves, for which quadrupole radiation is the dominant process.
Void Galaxy Distribution: A Challenge for ΛCDM
Authors: Tavasoli Saeed
Published: August 2021

We extract void catalogs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16) survey and also from the Millennium simulation. We focus our comparison on distribution of galaxies brighter than M

r
< −18 inside voids and study the mean separation of void galaxies, distance from the void center, and the radial density profile. We find that mean separation of void galaxies depends on void size, as bigger voids have lower mean separation in both samples. However, void galaxies in the observation sample seem to have generally larger mean–distance than simulated ones at any given void size. In addition, observed void galaxies tend to reside closer to the void center than those in the simulation. This discrepancy is also shown in the density profile of voids. Regardless of the void size, the central densities of real void profiles are higher than the ones in the predicted simulated catalog.
Quenching, Mergers, and Age Profiles for z = 2 Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Pathak Debosmita , Belli Sirio , Weinberger Rainer
Published: August 2021

Using the IllustrisTNG cosmological galaxy formation simulations, we analyze the physical properties of young quiescent galaxies at z = 2 with stellar masses above 1010.5
M
⊙. This key population provides an unaltered probe into the evolution of galaxies from star-forming to quiescent, and has been recently targeted by several observational studies. Young quiescent galaxies in the simulations do not appear unusually compact, in tension with observations, but they show unique age profiles that are qualitatively consistent with the observed color gradients. In particular, more than half of the simulated young quiescent galaxies show positive age gradients due to recent intense central starbursts, which are triggered by significant mergers. Yet, there is a sizable population of recently quenched galaxies without significant mergers and with flat age profiles. Our results suggest that mergers play a fundamental role in structural transformation, but are not the only available pathway to quench a z = 2 galaxy.
The Io GIS Database 1.0: A Proto-Io Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructure
Authors: Williams David A. , Nelson David M. , Milazzo Moses P.
Published: August 2021

We collected a set of published, higher-order data products of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io and assembled them in an ArcGIS
tm
database we are calling the Io GIS Database, version 1.0. The purpose of this database is to collect image, topographic, geologic, and thermal emission data of Io in one geospatially registered location to form the data component of an Io planetary spatial data infrastructure (PSDI). The goals of an Io PSDI are (1) to make higher-order data products more accessible and usable to the broader planetary science community, particularly to new scientists that were not associated with the projects that obtained the data; (2) to enable new scientific studies with the data; and (3) to create a tool to support observation planning for future Io-focused planetary missions. In this paper we describe the motivation behind our project, discuss the data sets acquired for this first version of the database, and demonstrate how they can be used. We conclude with a discussion of how our database relates to other PSDIs, our plans for future updates, and a request for additional Io data sets.
Notes on the distribution, ecology, associated vegetation and conservation status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo
Authors: Berisha Naim , Rizani Kimete Lluga , Kadriaj Bujar , Millaku Fadil
Published: August 2021

Four species of Gymnadenia are native to Kosovo: G. conopsea, G. frivaldii, G. nigra, and G. odoratissima. In this study, field expedition data, phytosociological relevés, herbarium specimens along with extensive literature sources were used to analyse vegetation and ecological characteristics, habitat types, distributional patterns as well as provide notes on conservation. Gymnadenia conopsea is distributed throughout the country, from lowlands to the alpine belt. It was recorded in various plant communities. Gymnadenia frivaldii grows in the alpine zone of mountains, close to streams and in wet meadows. Its relevés belong to the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. This species is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) in Kosovo. Gymnadenia nigra grows in subalpine and alpine grassland on preferably calcareous substrate. It has been found in almost all mountains reaching >2000 m a.s.l., and occurs in different plant communities belonging to the class: Elyno-Seslerietea. Gymnadenia odoratissima was recorded from one locality only in Kosovo, on the massif of Maja e Zezë, Sharri Mts. It was growing in degraded beech forest and meadows on silicate bedrock. Its floristically diverse relevés associate with the class: Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Of the four studied species, G. frivaldii deserves more conservation attention because of its fragile populations.