bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOCATED MOBILITY: LIVING AND WORKING IN MULTIPLE PLACES
Authors: Goldmacher Amy
Published: September 2010

The phenomenon of working away from a traditional office space is broadly called remote or mobile work. When work takes one away from a primary residence for an extended period of time, home and work take on new meanings. Working and living from a distance requires personal, social, and emotional flexibility. I use the term located mobility to refer to simultaneously living and working in more than one space. This was the case when I relocated for a three‐and‐a‐half‐month internship in San Francisco, California, and simultaneously managed the logistical and emotional aspects of my home and work lives in Detroit, Michigan. This article illustrates by way of personal examples a traditional work setting, a remote work setting, and my lived experience of located mobility. I discuss the emotional and practical demands of living and working away from a primary residence for an extended period of time and offer insight into managing the challenges associated with located mobility.
CONCLUSION: PATTERNS OF MOBILE WORK AND LIFE
Authors: Gluesing Julia C. , Meerwarth Tracy L. , Jordan Brigitte
Published: September 2010

In this concluding chapter, we articulate four salient patterns that emerge from the contributors' eight narratives about mobile work and life: (1) the performance, presentation, and meaning of work, when activities are interwoven in personal, relational, and work spheres across contexts; (2) the multiplicity in identity and self‐presentation; (3) the context and the decontextualization and recontextualization of meaning in changing spaces; and (4) the technological change and dexterity as well as the centrality of communication technologies in defining and redefining what it means to be a mobile worker. We explore each of these themes by referencing examples from the narratives to illustrate how mobile work is redefining the very meaning of work and its place in our lives. We conclude by suggesting directions for further research on mobility in the workplace.
ENGAGING WITH THE IMMIGRANT HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN A BESIEGED BORDER REGION: WHAT DO APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENTISTS BRING TO THE POLICY PROCESS?
Authors: Heyman Josiah McC. , Morales Maria Cristina , Núñez Guillermina Gina
Published: September 2010

Engagement with immigration goes beyond work directly with immigrants to include involvement in the immigration policy process. The chapter describes work on immigration and human rights policy grounded in issues facing the U.S.–Mexico border region. A policy coalition with regional and national presence, the Border and Immigration Task Force, combines an organized social movement with bases in immigrant communities with a diverse policy coalition whose members have varied skills, constituencies, and political connections. As applied social scientists in this coalition, we bring a number of skills, including effective writing, synthesis of secondary sources, teaching skills applied to public interaction and communication, and application of the sociological and anthropological imagination to understand the implications, on the ground, of detailed policy recommendations. Our work has not involved community‐based primary research, but this form of practice is also mentioned for its relevance to policy formation and advocacy. The literature on public anthropology and public sociology needs to include discussions of engagement in practical policy processes.
THE SOCCER WARS: HISPANIC IMMIGRANTS IN CONFLICT AND ADAPTATION AT THE SOCCER BORDERZONE
Authors: Wallace Tim
Published: September 2010

Soccer is a worldwide sport with fervent fans across the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Recent Hispanic arrivals in the United States find common ground with U.S. American soccer fans, but social and cultural issues are still barriers to better relationships among Hispanics and non‐Hispanic residents. Using the concept of “soccer borderzone,” I relate the ways in which futból (soccer) is a mechanism by which immigrants from Latin America can relax and adapt to life in their new communities. This article discusses the underlying issues that bring together and divide soccer fans in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina (Raleigh, Chapel Hill, and Durham). It also illustrates different cultural norms in the organization of league play. I use my eight‐year experience as the president of a Hispanic Soccer League, La Liga de Raleigh, to explain the cultural norms of Hispanic participation in league play while feeling the effects of being an outsider in a new community. This article concludes by suggesting that in spite of common ground among soccer fans North and South, the recent spike in anti‐immigrant rhetoric accompanied by the sinking of the American economy has slowed the process of integration within the soccer borderzone.
INVENTING A PUBLIC ANTHROPOLOGY WITH LATINO FARM LABOR ORGANIZERS IN NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Smith‐Nonini Sandy
Published: September 2010

In this article, I summarize my experience conducting “an experiment in public anthropology” involving ethnographic fieldwork on a labor union struggle from the standpoint of volunteer work with community advocates for farm labor rights in North Carolina between 1998 and 2004. Theoretical rationales for participatory action research, issues of access, pros and cons from an information‐gathering perspective, and ethical perspectives are discussed.
RISING FOOD PRICES, SOCIAL MOBILIZATIONS, AND VIOLENCE: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO THE CONNECTIONS LINKING HUNGER AND CONFLICT
Authors: Messer Ellen
Published: September 2010

In 2008, the world confronted food‐insecurity situations that provoked political demonstrations in more than 50 countries. The alleged sources were production failures and spiking food prices because of bad weather and flawed food and development policies. But additional contributors were the legacies of food wars, armed conflicts in which one or both sides use food (or hunger) as a weapon and in which hunger persists as a consequence of conflict and its attendant social‐economic disruptions. This article argues that UN and NGO international and national agencies responding to food insecurity challenges in particular places must consider food‐and‐conflict scenarios, and adopt conflict‐concerned strategies, which are sensitive to the ways in which past foodwars have stymied increases in agricultural production, marketing, and livelihood diversification. Policy makers should also be attentive to political‐geographic‐ethnic‐religious (PGER) divisions that can skew government distributions and access to aid and potentiate additional conflict.
DEALING WITH THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS IN LOCAL SETTINGS: NONINTENSIVE AGRICULTURE IN LESOTHO, SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Romero‐Daza Nancy , Himmelgreen David A. , Noble Charlotte A. , Turkon David
Published: September 2010

This article seeks to contribute to efforts toward the identification and critical analysis of sustainable community‐based initiatives that could help to ameliorate the impact of the global food crisis in developing countries. To do so, we present a discussion of a sustainable agriculture program in Lesotho, in sub‐Saharan Africa. We contextualize the discussion in the framework of both the food crisis and the HIV/AIDS pandemic, both of which are taking a major toll in Lesotho. We then present a brief discussion of some of our anthropological contributions to the work of an NGO that is implementing sustainable agriculture initiatives in periurban areas of Lesotho where households are at high risk for food insecurity.
ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS: COMMUNITY‐BASED STRATEGIES TO COMBAT HUNGER
Authors: Chaiken Miriam S. , Dixon J. Richard , Powers Colette , Wetzler Erica
Published: September 2010

Anthropologists have long recognized the value of community participation in development planning and project implementation, and this paper discusses a new strategy to engage communities to monitor conditions of food insecurity and vulnerability, and to develop strategies for mitigation against shocks. Community based early warning programs (CEWS) complement existing hunger early warning systems that rely on satellite and agroclimatic data by collecting and monitoring data in rural communities. These strategies build on existing community awareness of local conditions, provide support for locally identified mitigation activities, and foster community participation. Examples from programs in Mozambique illustrate the potential of the CEWS strategies for effecting sustainable change and combating chronic food insecurity and vulnerability.
FOOD INSECURITY IN BUHAYA: THE CYCLE OF WOMEN'S MARGINALIZATION AND THE SPREAD OF POVERTY, HUNGER, AND DISEASE
Authors: Githinji Valerie
Published: September 2010

This chapter focuses on how the marginalization of Bahaya women increases poverty, thus exacerbating issues of hunger and related disease in a region characterized by a history of environmental degradation, agricultural change and decline, rural poverty and disease. In the past several decades, diminishing sizes of banana farms, an overall decline in cattle, decreasing soil fertility, and an increase in food crop pathogens have posed challenges to achieving adequate agricultural yields in Buhaya of northwestern Tanzania. This situation has resulted in an increase in poverty, food insecurity, nutrition insecurity, and related disease. Culturally, women are the primary agriculturalists and producers and providers of food in Buhaya. However, Bahaya cultural practices hinder women from achieving equal representation in society, thus blocking their access to self advancement and resources such as money, land, education, and agricultural inputs. These constraints marginalize and hinder women from fulfilling their social role as primary farmers and provisioners of food, nutrition, and care. As patriarchal practices and ecological challenges work to constrain women's roles, poverty, food scarcity, and disease increase, affecting and weakening the foundation of Bahaya society and culture.
MOSAICS OF MAYA LIVELIHOODS: READJUSTING TO GLOBAL AND LOCAL FOOD CRISES
Authors: Zarger Rebecca K.
Published: September 2010

The particularities of how residents in Southern Belize encounter the vagaries of what is commonly referred to as a “global food crisis” (between 2006 and 2008) are explored in this paper. Belize, like many other nation states around the globe, has been structurally (and sequentially) “readjusted” by transnational lending institutions over the last several decades. Cyclical shifts in agricultural practices have taken place in many Maya communities in Southern Belize in the last decade, partly in response to migration, a severe hurricane, land tenure conflicts, and within the last year, skyrocketing staple prices and food scarcity. The costs of basic staples such as corn, wheat, and rice have nearly doubled, in parallel with much of the rest of the globe during the same time frame. Shifts in subsistence strategies have significant implications for the power and politics of land use, access, and mobility. Furthermore, they reflect centuries‐old ways of adjusting to changing circumstances in global markets and colonial and postcolonial realities. I conclude by emphasizing the importance of incorporating political and historical ecologies of land use and food production when considering the local impacts of global food crises.
FROM CRISIS TO CUMULATIVE EFFECTS: FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGES IN ALASKA
Authors: Fazzino David V. , Loring Philip A.
Published: September 2010

Recent increases in the price of fuel in rural Alaska, coupled with high prices of grocery store foods and decreased efficacy of hunting and fishing have led to a food crisis in many regions of rural Alaska. In the summer of 2008 it was predicted that these events would lead to an upswing in the number of individuals migrating to urban areas of Alaska, putting additional stress on the already dwindling resources of food assistance providers. Through discussions with food assistance providers in Fairbanks, Alaska, a research program was designed to assess how well recent migrants were able to meet their food needs. In total 39 individuals were interviewed in November and December 2008, using face‐to‐face, semistructured interviews. This article discusses a smaller subset of the overall interviews, namely the responses of Natives who currently live in Fairbanks, Alaska. Further, this article informs understandings of “crisis” in the global sense, highlighting the importance of placing “crises” into the larger context of cumulative effects which are long‐term and differentially distributed, rather than treating them as discrete and individually mitigatable events.
THINGS BECAME SCARCE: FOOD AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN SANTIAGO de CUBA THEN AND NOW
Authors: Garth Hanna
Published: September 2010

Cuba has had a nationalized food rationing system since 1962, and has been lauded for exemplary food security innovations in the face of national financial hardship. Decreases in food and agricultural related importations after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 limited the amount of food provided in the monthly rations, forcing individuals to acquire increasing amounts of their food through other means. This article reveals the complexities Cubans face when attempting to access foods in Santiago de Cuba. This project examines how Cubans experience their food system, their struggles to maintain food traditions despite the low availability of ingredients, and how people use and relate to Cuba's food provisioning system. In this article two memories of past periods of abundance are juxtaposed to show the different ways in which individuals interpret food security. The analysis of semistructured interviews, community mapping, and participant‐observation reveal the ways in which residents of Santiago de Cuba orient to their present situation through memories of past periods when foods were more available and more easily accessible.
INCARNATIONAL THEOLOGY AND THE GOSPEL: EXPLORING THE MISSISSIPPI MODEL OF EPISCOPAL MEDICAL MISSIONS TO PANAMA
Authors: Connolly Robert P. , Brondo Keri Vacanti
Published: September 2010

This article explores the faith‐based medical missions of the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi to underserved rural indigenous peoples of Panama. The Mississippi Model focuses on health care delivery and de‐emphasizes conversion to a religious faith, an approach that some may classify as a faith‐based community performing secular tasks. However, the Mississippi Model arises from incarnational theology, which—viewed from both historical and contemporary perspectives—argues against a secular categorizing of the mission clinics. Consistently, our interviews with missioners, participant‐observations, and review of the Episcopal Church literature, both nationally and in Mississippi, suggest that mission performance is considered a practice of faith not distinct from other expressions of faith, such as liturgical worship.
A FAITH‐BASED MENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR SLUM DWELLERS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Greenfield Sidney M.
Published: September 2010

This article describes a mental health and development program being carried out under the direction of a Comboni Missionary who is an ordained Roman Catholic priest from Italy and a medical doctor presently completing a Ph.D. in psychiatry in Brazil. It is based on a theoretical framework that integrates the cultural and religious backgrounds of migrants coming into the slums of Brazilian cities with a form of group therapy based on the assumptions of Liberation Theology and the teachings of Paulo Freire that was developed by Prof. Adalberto Barreto, a practicing Brazilian trained M.D.–psychiatrist with European Ph.D.s in psychiatry and anthropology. This unusual combination of anthropological insight combined with a unique approach to group psychotherapy, rooted in a humanistic approach to religion, has resulted in an extremely effective development program that is beginning to be applied in slum areas in other parts of Brazil and elsewhere.
OPERATIONALIZING OPPORTUNITIES AND CREATING PUBLICS IN SALVADORAN CHURCHES: FINDINGS FROM AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PROCESS EVALUATION
Authors: Huff James
Published: September 2010

This article explores how one faith‐based nonprofit organization and its various Pentecostal and evangelical church partners in El Salvador are creating associational contexts within which local community development projects are identified and implemented. Observational and interview data derived from a process evaluation of a project identification exercise are examined to explore how different community and organizational stakeholders attempt to implement local development initiatives that will presumably build on local assets and associations. The study details the patterns of participation that emerged as members of local churches negotiated with their neighbors over how to best direct social change in their community. Corresponding analysis of interview data portrays how these same actors relied on diverse social logics—which are both religious and practical in nature—to make sense of and assess some of the key assumptions of a particular form of faith‐based development. The case is a good example of how faith‐based organizations play key roles in the formation of publics, wherein actors from diverse networks come together to deliberate over the aims and outcomes of local development projects in contemporary El Salvador.
DISPARATE POWER AND DISPARATE RESOURCES: COLLABORATION BETWEEN FAITH‐BASED AND ACTIVIST ORGANIZATIONS FOR CENTRAL FLORIDA FARMWORKERS
Authors: Kline Nolan
Published: September 2010

This article highlights the collaboration between an evangelical faith‐based organization and secular activist organization to address the oral health needs of African American former farmworkers in Central Florida. Highlighting the FBO's evangelistic agenda, I discuss one FBO as a charitable health care provider filling a service gap within the broader health care system. In addition, I discuss the organizations’ different levels of access to powerful agents of change, and the role of the anthropologist as an intermediary between the FBO and secular organization. This article first details the health concerns of the former farmworker population in Central Florida as they relate to farm labor and living in an environmentally harmful area. It then sheds light on systematic health care constraints in the United States that necessitate intervention from faith‐based organizations and secular activist organizations. Last, this article provides a case study of how an anthropologist, acting as an intermediary to connect a faith‐based group with an activist group, helped address one specific health need for former migrant farmworkers.
PRACTICING WHAT WE PREACH: THE POSSIBILITIES OF PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH WITH FAITH‐BASED ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Lambert‐Pennington Katherine
Published: September 2010

This article examines the role and methodologies of the anthropologist as practitioner working in faith‐based development initiatives. In particular, the author discusses attempts to use a participatory action research (PAR) model to examine the current programs, congregational participation, and future community development activities of Saint Andrew African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church. The article examines how the FBO's traditional model of community development interfaced with the university research team's participatory approach and shaped the way that research was carried out. Additionally, the author discusses the varying ways that she, as an anthropologist, and her methods were positioned and the process of negotiating a mutually acceptable methodology. This FBO‐university partnership revealed several key issues that have relevance for anthropologists engaged in work with FBOs and beyond. First, the model of faith‐based community development shapes the possibilities of the work. Second, it shows how the anthropologist, and university partners more generally, are positioned by the organization, informs how and by whom the data is collected, what data is collected, and how it is used. Finally, there is no longer room for anthropologists to work alone; community issues and agency demands are complex and require interdisciplinary collaborative responses.
RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ANTHROPOLOGISTS WORKING IN FAITH‐BASED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Brondo Keri Vacanti , Hefferan Tara
Published: September 2010

Although faith‐based organizations (FBOs) historically have played an important role in the provision of social services, the recent expansion of funding opportunities to support their work in tandem with the neoliberal imperative to privatize social services delivery have propelled a newfound scholarly focus on their activities. This resource guide provides a brief overview of both the expansion of funding sources generated from the United States and selections of anthropological research engagement with FBOs worldwide.
Overcoming Procrastination: The Effect of Implementation Intentions1
Authors: Owens Shane Gregory , Bowman Christine G. , Dill Charles A.
Published: September 2010

A hypothesized solution for procrastination is the formation of an implementation intention (Van Eerde, 2000). University students (N = 152) were assessed using the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (Aitken, 1982) and were asked to report to an experiment. Half of the participants formed implementation intentions to attend. An odds ratio indicated that participants who formed implementation intentions were nearly 8 times more likely to keep their appointments than those who did not. Low procrastinators reported more often for the experiment than did high procrastinators (Low = 49.4%; High = 30.1%), χ2(1, N = 152) = 5.84, p < .016. The interaction between implementation intentions and procrastination was not significant, χ2(1, N = 152) = 0.28, p < .60.
Self‐Objectification and Lower Income Pregnant Women's Breastfeeding Attitudes1
Authors: Johnston‐Robledo Ingrid , Fred Victoria
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine self‐objectification as a correlate of pregnant women's concerns about public breastfeeding and the impact of breastfeeding on body shape and sexuality. Fifty‐two pregnant women enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children Program responded to telephone questions regarding concerns about breastfeeding, attitudes toward breastfeeding, and self‐objectification. Women who scored higher on measures of self‐objectification reported more concern about the impact of breastfeeding on their bodies and sexuality and were less comfortable with the idea of breastfeeding in public than were women with lower self‐objectification scores. Self‐objectification was not associated with more negative attitudes toward breastfeeding or weaker intentions to breastfeed. Implications for the promotion of breastfeeding for low‐income women are discussed.
Anger, Aggression, and Risky Behavior on the Road: A Preliminary Study of Urban and Rural Differences1
Authors: Deffenbacher Jerry L.
Published: September 2010

This study explored the relationship of gender and urban/rural driving to anger, anger expression, aggression, and risky behavior while driving. Some small gender effects were found. Men and women did not differ on anger or forms of anger expression, but men reported more aggressive and risky behavior. There were no urban/rural differences, except for one interaction. Urban males reported less overall driving anger than did other groups. Results are discussed in terms of absence of urban/rural differences and the need to explore potential differences in larger, more powerful designs that employ more diversified measures of anger and the impact of driving anger on a person's life.
Style Versus Substance: Multiple Roles of Language Power in Persuasion
Authors: Sparks John R. , Areni Charles S.
Published: September 2010

This research explores how message style influences persuasion in conjunction with message substance. Using the elaboration likelihood model, the study operationalizes message style as language power and message substance as argument quality, then considers the multiple roles language power can assume in persuasion. The authors investigate whether language power acts as a (a) central argument, (b) peripheral cue, (c) biasing influence on assessment of arguments, or (d) distraction that inhibits argument processing. Additionally, they manipulate exposure time to examine how processing ability influences which persuasive roles language power assumes. The authors find empirical support for the multiple‐roles perspective and conclude that the role of message style depends partially on the ability to process message details.
Emotional Intelligence and the Ease of Recall Judgment Bias: The Mediating Effect of Private Self‐Focused Attention
Authors: Buontempo Gina , Brockner Joel
Published: September 2010

The present study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and people's tendency to exhibit the ease of recall bias (emanating from the availability heuristic). Results showed that ability to understand emotions, a central element of emotional intelligence, was inversely related to the ease of recall bias, and that this relationship was mediated by participants' private self‐focused attention. Implications for theory and practice, as well as limitations, are discussed.
Political Party, Strength of Identification, and Knowledge and Evaluation of Bush v. Gore
Authors: Riggio Heidi R.
Published: September 2010

Two studies examined knowledge of and attitudes toward Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court decision that ended Election 2000, to examine the effects of a strong counterattitudinal message about a high‐relevance issue. Republicans reported the most positive attitudes, while high‐identification Democrats possessed the most accurate knowledge (Study 1); high‐identification participants rated Bush v. Gore as more important and personally relevant than those less identified. Upon persuasion, high‐identification Republicans maintained positive attitudes unrelated to knowledge and issue importance, while Democrats and low‐identification Republicans reported negative attitudes predicted by persuasion (Study 2). High‐identification Republicans reported more positive and fewer negative emotions upon persuasion, with emotions most predictive of attitudes. Implications for the role of emotions in resistance to persuasion are discussed.
Examining Situationally Induced State Goal Orientation Effects on Task Perceptions, Performance, and Satisfaction: A Two‐Dimensional Conceptualization1
Authors: Steele‐Johnson Debra , Heintz Paul , Miller Corey E.
Published: September 2010

We examined the longitudinal effects of situationally induced 2‐dimensional state goal orientations (i.e., achievement goals) on perceptions, performance, and satisfaction. Results (N = 268) indicated that high state learning cues led to higher perceived challenge and, for higher ability individuals, greater performance gains. Further, high state performance cues led to higher perceived effort. However, results revealed that state learning and performance effects were more complex than expected. State learning effects on challenge and state performance effects on effort were both stronger with other cues absent. Additionally, increasingly beneficial state learning cue effects were stronger for higher ability individuals. Thus, results provided support that state learning and performance goals are separate dimensions, and their interactive effects need further examination.
Self‐Esteem, Self‐Efficacy, and the Balance of Peer Support Among Persons With Chronic Mental Health Problems
Authors: Bracke Piet , Christiaens Wendy , Verhaeghe Mieke
Published: September 2010

Despite several suggestions that peer support is empowering for persons with mental health problems because of its mutual nature, few studies have empirically studied the role of its reciprocity and the effects on subjective well‐being of clients from mainstream mental health care settings. Using data of 628 users of vocational and psychiatric rehabilitation centers (N = 51) in Flanders, the effects of the reciprocity of peer support on self‐esteem and self‐efficacy are explored by testing hypotheses derived from the theories of exchange, social capital, equity, and self‐esteem enhancement. Results show that providing peer support is more beneficial than receiving it. One conclusion is that the net beneficial effects of receiving support from peers are overestimated.
The Impact of a Derogatory Remark on Prejudice Toward a Gay Male Leader1
Authors: Goodman Jeffrey A. , Schell Jonathan , Alexander Michele G. , Eidelman Scott
Published: September 2010

A laboratory experiment examined the impact of a derogatory remark on expressions of prejudice toward a gay male leader. Students participated in same‐sex groups with a male confederate who was obviously gay or presumably straight. Half of the participants in the gay condition heard a derogatory remark about the confederate. This resulted in 3 experimental conditions: gay/remark, gay/no remark, and straight/no remark. Participants evaluated the leader's abilities less favorably and evidenced more negative nonverbal behaviors toward him in the gay/remark condition than in the gay/no remark or straight/no remark conditions. These findings extend research on derogatory remarks to a nonracial minority and highlight the powerful effect of immediate social context on expressions of prejudice.
Clinical and microbiological effects of mechanical instrumentation and local antimicrobials during periodontal supportive therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients: smoker versus non‐smoker patients
Authors: Guarnelli Maria Elena , Farina Roberto , Cucchi Alessandro , Trombelli Leonardo
Published: September 2010

Guarnelli ME, Farina R, Cucchi A, Trombelli L. Clinical and microbiological effects of mechanical instrumentation and local antimicrobials during periodontal supportive therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients: smoker versus non‐smoker patients. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 998–1004. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01623.x.

Aim: To compare the clinical and microbiological effects of ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation (UMI) associated to home‐care use of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2)‐containing mouthrinse and toothpaste in smoker and non‐smoker patients affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP) during a recall session of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).

Material and Methods: Thirteen smokers and 25 non‐smokers G‐AgP patients enrolled in an SPT programme received a single session of UMI associated with home‐care use of AmF/SnF2‐containing mouthrinse and toothpaste. Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed pre‐treatment, at 6 and 12 weeks post‐treatment.

Results: In both groups, UMI plus AmF/SnF2‐implemented oral hygiene use determined a significant decrease of total bacterial counts, with non‐smokers exhibiting a lower count compared with smokers at 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between smokers and non‐smokers in the counts of total pathogens and red complex species at each observation interval. Clinically, a significant reduction of supragingival plaque, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth was similarly observed in both groups.

Conclusions: A combined mechanical/chemical plaque control approach based on UMI and the use of AmF/SnF2 agents resulted in the reduction of supragingival plaque deposits, gingival inflammation and subgingival periodontal pathogens in G‐AgP patients during SPT, with no substantial difference between smokers and non‐smokers.
Development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Pereira Ulysse , Boulais Nicholas , Lebonvallet Nicholas , Lefeuvre Luc , Gougerot Agnès , Misery Laurent
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 931–935.

Abstract:  Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is often associated with skin disorders. Activated sensory neurons secrete neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), which initiate or aggravate inflammation in the skin. The discovery of new molecules acting on these neurons is hampered by the difficulty of reproducing the interactions between nerve endings and skin in vitro. We developed an in vitro model based on the coculture of porcine primary keratinocytes and sensory neurons, which mimics skin innervation. To test the relevance of this model, we compared the effects of different substances on CNI by measuring SP secretion in vitro using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Collectively, our results indicate that the use of porcine cells could be very useful to perform an in vitro model of CNI. By adding capsaicin, which induces the secretion of SP by neurons, to the culture, we show that our model mimics CNI in vitro, allowing us to screen for molecules that inhibit this inflammatory response. Such a model can be used to test the effects of different substances on CNI and may be useful for dermatological or cosmetic applications. Based on our screen, we found that extracts of Laminaria digitata and Vernonia sublutea inhibit CNI.
TLR‐2‐mediated cytokine and chemokine secretion in human keratinocytes
Authors: Niebuhr Margarete , Baumert Kathrin , Werfel Thomas
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The human epidermis provides a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens. Resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. They establish the local cytokine and chemokine milieu which is necessary for attracting other cells participating in an immune response. Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 recognizes components of S. aureus and is known to be expressed on keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate TLR‐2‐mediated chemokine and cytokine secretion on human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) both on mRNA and on protein level. As there is no selective TLR‐2 ligand known so far, we chose Pam3Cys that acts via TLR‐2/TLR‐1 heterodimers, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) that acts via TLR‐2/TLR‐6 and peptidoglycan (PGN) which acts via TLR‐2 and Nod. Pam3Cys stimulation yielded in an enhanced secretion of CCL20, CCL2, MMP9 and IL‐8 in HPK, whereas stimulation with PGN or LTA showed no or solely slight effects. Our findings show evidence for a functional TLR‐2/TLR‐1 signalling profile in HPKs upon stimulation with Pam3Cys contributing to the defense against bacterial skin infections.
The current status of investigative dermatology II
Authors: Katz Stephen I.
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Major advances in skin biology and skin diseases are heralding new and more specific forms of treatment that are based on better characterization of pathological mechanisms involved in the individual diseases. The advances that we have seen are being made by dermatologists, skin biologists, and others who have come to appreciate the skin as an organ that is reflective of many important systemic mechanisms. In this commentary, I identify some of what I feel are the most important advances that will be the basis for many future studies.
Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change
Authors: Corrigan L. J. , Winfield I. J. , Hoelzel A. R. , Lucas M. C.
Published: September 2010

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Abstract –  In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.
Utopianism Parodied in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty‐Four. An Intertextual Reading of the ‘Goldstein Treatise’
Authors: Dalvai Marion
Published: September 2010

The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, attributed to Big Brother’s arch‐enemy, Emmanuel Goldstein, is the book‐in‐book in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty‐Four. Along with the appendix, it provides the reader with a theoretical and philosophical framework that complements the narrative. First I point out the importance of Goldstein’s tract on an intratextual level; then my focus shifts towards its intertextuality with influential works of European intellectual history, such as Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto (1848), Spengler’s Decline of the West (1918) and Burnham’s Managerial Revolution (1941). Bringing into focus the myriad of perspectives that result from the intra‐, inter‐ and extratextual layers in the text, the article shows that the treatise is the ultimate example of Orwell’s distinctive fusion of realism and satire.
Reading for The English Patient
Authors: De Smyter Sofie
Published: September 2010

Although The English Patient’s preoccupation with reading and narrating (lives) has been widely acknowledged, its structure has been insufficiently linked with the mindscape of the characters. It is Peter Brooks’s insights into the correspondences between the plot of our lives and the plots of the tales we tell that opens the way for reading (for) the novel’s stories and lives as stories. Successfully interrelating psychoanalysis and literary theory, Brooks mainly relies on Sigmund Freud’s ideas concerning the death drive and transference, something that proves particularly fruitful for analysing a novel in which the protagonist, the English patient, appears to be telling his defective life story to an analyst. It is a technique of reading that lays bare the relationship between the characters and the structure of the text, and their shared dynamic nature. Brooks’s insights are made to interact with Julia Kristeva’s ideas concerning the semiotic and symbolic dimensions of language and Lewis Hyde’s reflections on the mythic figure of the trickster, as both critics are also – be it perhaps less blatantly – occupied with the endless stories we tell and live (in).1
Effects of camel thorn distillate on recurrent oral aphthous lesions
Authors: Pourahmad Morteza , Rahiminejad Masood , Fadaei Sara , Kashafi Hamed
Published: September 2010

Background: Near 20 % of people suffer from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. These painful ulcers are found on the oral mucosa. We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of the camel thorn distillate on this condition.

Patients and Methods: 93 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers were selected and divided into two groups. One group was given a placebo (n = 44) and the other was given camel thorn distillate (n = 49). The diameter of the lesions and the severity of the pain were measured 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after initiation of therapy. The lesion diameters and pain scores of the two groups were compared using the t‐test.

Results: Complete resolution time ranged from 3 to 7 days (mean = 4.02) in the group treated with camel thorn distillate, whereas in the control group, complete resolution time ranged from 7 to 14 days (mean = 8.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The efficacy of camel thorn distillate is comparable to that of other drugs used to treat oral aphthous ulcers. Its therapeutic effect may be due to the flavanones (alhagitin and alhagidin) that are present in this plant.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by the blue pigment VINAMON® Blue BX FW – a Phthalocyanine Blue in a vinyl glove
Authors: Weimann Stefanie , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen Malte
Published: September 2010

A 44‐year‐old metalworker suffered from severe hand eczema in spite of treatment with corticosteroid ointments. He had been using protective cotton gloves with blue PVC anti‐slip dots on the finger tips. On clinical examination, the backs of both hands were erythematous and thickened while the finger tips showed vesicles. There was a positive patch test reaction to the blue PVC dots of an unworn cotton glove at 72, 96, 120 hours. To identify the causative chemicals, we carried out further patch tests using ingredients of the glove and cupric sulfate. The patient reacted to the blue dye VYNAMON® Blue BX FW (PB 15) at two concentrations – 10% at 72 and 96 hours, and 50% at 48 and 72 hours. This dye is a very strong and brilliant blue with red‐copper tones and resistant to fire and weathering. The cupric‐phthalocyanine complexes are used as pigments in cosmetics (e. g. CI 74160, 74180, 74260). To the best of our knowledge, no allergic reactions to this dye have been described, particularly not in gloves.
Cutaneous macroglobulinosis deposits in a patient with IgM paraproteinemia/incipient Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Lüftl Matthias , Sauter‐Jenne Birthe , Gramatzki Martin , Eckert Fritjof , Jenne Lars
Published: September 2010

A 43‐year‐old healthy patient developed disseminated flat skin‐colored to red‐brown papules over a few months. These papules were the result of cutaneous IgM deposits representing the first symptom of a hitherto undiagnosed IgM paraproteinemia. This extremely rare skin manifestation of IgM paraproteinemia e. g. possibly incipient Waldenström macroglobulinemia should be included in the histopathological differential of eosinophilic dermal deposits.
Collision tumors: CAMEL, METRO and other acronyms
Authors: Kerl Katrin , Wolf Ingrid H. , Kamarachev Jivko , Cerroni Lorenzo , Kerl Helmut
Published: September 2010

We describe two exceptional collision tumors, namely: a 63‐year‐old woman revealing a melanocytic tumor within a trichoblastoma and a 71‐year‐old woman with a squamous cell carcinoma colonized by dendritic cells of a melanoma. Both neoplasms showed two different tumor components with intimate relationship.

The lesions are labeled in a “playful” way with the acronyms METRO (MElanocytic tumor +TRichOblastoma) and CAMEL (CArcinoma +MELanoma) to facilitate memorization.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis ORF Rv0654 encodes a carotenoid oxygenase mediating central and excentric cleavage of conventional and aromatic carotenoids
Authors: Scherzinger Daniel , Scheffer Erdmann , Bär Cornelia , Ernst Hansgeorg , Al‐Babili Salim
Published: September 2010

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is assumed to lack carotenoids, which are widespread pigments fulfilling important functions as radical scavengers and as a source of apocarotenoids. In mammals, the synthesis of apocarotenoids, including retinoic acid, is initiated by the β‐carotene cleavage oxygenases I and II catalyzing either a central or an excentric cleavage of β‐carotene, respectively. The M. tuberculosis ORF Rv0654 codes for a putative carotenoid oxygenase conserved in other mycobacteria. In the present study, we investigated the corresponding enzyme, here named M. tuberculosis carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (MtCCO). Using heterologously expressed and purified protein, we show that MtCCO converts several carotenoids and apocarotenoids in vitro. Moreover, the identification of the products suggests that, in contrast to other carotenoid oxygenases, MtCCO cleaves the central C15‐C15′ and an excentric double bond at the C13‐C14 position, leading to retinal (C20), β‐apo‐14′‐carotenal (C22) and β‐apo‐13‐carotenone (C18) from β‐carotene, as well as the corresponding hydroxylated products from zeaxanthin and lutein. Moreover, the enzyme cleaves also 3,3′‐dihydroxy‐isorenieratene representing aromatic carotenoids synthesized by other mycobacteria. Quantification of the products from different substrates indicates that the preference for each of the cleavage positions is determined by the hydroxylation and the nature of the ionone ring. The data obtained in the present study reveal MtCCO to be a novel carotenoid oxygenase and indicate that M. tuberculosis may utilize carotenoids from host cells and interfere with their retinoid metabolism.
Association between self‐reported care needs and the allocation of care in Norwegian home nursing care recipients
Authors: Sævareid Hans Inge , Thygesen Elin , Lindstrom Torill Christine , Nygaard Harald A.
Published: September 2010

sævareid h.i., thygesen e., lindstrom t.c. & nygaard h.a. (2012) Association between self‐reported care needs and the allocation of care in Norwegian home nursing care recipients. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 20–28  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00247.x

Objectives.  This study investigated the relationship between patients’ self‐reported illness, daily afflictions, and the frequency of home nursing care, and whether patients’ coping resources influenced the allocation of care.

Design, sample and measurements.  A cross‐sectional survey was adopted. Two hundred and forty‐two people aged 75 years and above receiving home nursing care participated in the study. Binary logistic regression model was used to test the effects of the independent variables on home nursing care.

Results.  Poor capacity to perform activities of daily living and high level of education were directly associated with a high frequency of home nursing care. Lack of perceived social support affected the amount of home nursing care allocated only when feelings of loneliness were connected with poor activities of daily living functioning. Interaction effects revealed that perceived social support influenced the amount of home nursing care in persons with higher education, in persons with low education, no such association were found. No associations were found between coping resources and home nursing care.

Conclusions.  Impaired capacity to perform activities of daily living was the main reason for care allocation. Education was associated with more formal care. Patients with low perceived social support combined with a low education level was a particularly vulnerable group.