bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluttering motion of a confined cylinder falling freely in fluid at rest
Authors: Letessier Dylan , Roig Véronique , Ern Patricia
Published: January 2025

We investigate experimentally the planar paths displayed by cylinders falling freely in a thin-gap cell containing liquid at rest, by varying the elongation ratio and the Archimedes number of the cylinders, and the solid-to-fluid density ratio. In the investigated conditions, the oscillatory falling motion features two main characteristics: the mean fall velocity

$\overline {u_v}$

does not scale with the gravitational velocity, which overestimates

$\overline {u_v}$

and is unable to capture the influence of the density ratio on it; and high-amplitude oscillations of the order of

$\overline {u_v}$

are observed for both translational and rotational velocities. To model the body behaviour, we propose a force balance, including proper and added inertia terms, the buoyancy force and vortical contributions accounting for the production of vorticity at the body surface and its interaction with the cell walls. Averaging the equations over a temporal period provides a mean force balance that governs the mean fall velocity of the cylinder, revealing that the coupling between the translational and rotational velocity components induces a mean upward inertial force responsible for the decrease of

$\overline {u_v}$

. This mean force balance also provides a normalization for the frequency of oscillation of the cylinder in agreement with experimental measurements. We then consider the instantaneous force balance experienced by the body, and propose three contributions for the modelling of the vortical force. These can be interpreted as drag, lift and history forces, and their dependence on the control parameters is adjusted on the basis of the experimental measurements.
Unsteady flow field behind levitated short-finite circular cylinder with angle of attack
Authors: Yokota Sho , Nagata Takayuki , Nonomura Taku
Published: January 2025

Flow field in the near wake of a short-finite circular cylinder at

$L/D=1.0$

with an angle of attack between 0

$^\circ$

–15

$^\circ$

, where the transition from the non-reattaching flow to the reattaching flow appears, is investigated in wind tunnel tests with a supportless condition. Stereo particle image velocimetry measurements were applied to the experiments at the Reynolds number of

$3.46\times 10^4$

, and velocity fields in the near wake were obtained. The data was mainly analysed using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition. Characteristic large-scale wake structures of recirculation bubble pumping and large-scale vortex shedding were identified in the near wake of the cylinder regardless of the angle of attack. The phase difference of expansion and contraction of the recirculation flow appears in the recirculation bubble pumping at

$\alpha \neq 0^\circ$

. On the other hand, the eigenfunctions of velocity fluctuations at the vortex shedding frequency show a similar spatial pattern regardless of

$\alpha$

. Frequency analyses of wake position calculated from the reconstructed velocity field clarified that peak frequency is different between two in-plane directions when

$\alpha \neq 0^\circ$

. In addition, three vortex shedding patterns (anticlockwise/clockwise circular and flapping) are identified not only at

$\alpha =0^\circ$

but also

$\alpha \neq 0^\circ$

. The feature of wake position in the radial direction for each pattern is observed regardless of the angle of attack. The relationship between the recirculation bubble pumping and the wake position in the radial direction is apparent in the non-reattaching flow but is weaker with

$\alpha$

in the reattaching flow.
Run-out scaling of granular column collapses on inclined planes
Authors: Man Teng , Huppert Herbert E. , Galindo-Torres Sergio A.
Published: January 2025

Granular column collapse is a simple but important problem to the granular material community, due to its links to dynamics of natural hazards, such as landslides and pyroclastic flows, and many industrial situations, as well as its potential of analysing transient and non-local rheology of granular flows. This article proposes a new dimensionless number to describe the run-out behaviour of granular columns on inclined planes based on both previous experimental data and dimensional analysis. With the assistance of the sphero-polyhedral discrete element method (DEM), we simulate inclined granular column collapses with different initial aspect ratios, particle contact properties and initial solid fractions on inclined planes with different inclination angles (

$2.5^{\circ }\unicode{x2013}20.0^{\circ }$

) to verify the proposed dimensional analysis. Detailed analyses are further provided for better understanding of the influence of different initial conditions and boundary conditions, and to help unify the description of the run-out scaling of systems with different inclination angles. This work determines the similarity and unity between granular column collapses on inclined planes and those on horizontal planes, and helps investigate the transient rheological behaviour of granular flows, which has direct relevance to various natural and engineering systems.
Food consumption associated with depression, anxiety and stress in students entering a public university
Authors: José Maria Eduarda Ribeiro , Ramos Ivy Evangelista Costa , Sousa Taciana Maia de , Canella Daniela Silva
Published: January 2025

Cross-sectional study investigated the association of fresh or minimally processed foods and ultra-processed food consumption with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in students from a Brazilian public university. Undergraduate students admitted in 2022 answered an online questionnaire during their first semester. Consumption of 12 subgroups of fresh or minimally processed foods and 13 of ultra-processed foods on the previous day were investigated (affirmative answer for ≥ 5 subgroups was classified as high consumption). Depression, anxiety and stress were investigated using the DASS-21 and mild to extremely severe symptoms were grouped to be compared with individuals without symptoms. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the Odds Ratio (OR) of the association between symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (outcomes) and food consumption (exposures), with a significance level of 5%. A total of 924 students were evaluated, of whom 57.7% presented symptoms of depression, 51.9% of anxiety and 59.4% of stress. A high consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods was observed in 80.3% of the students, with a higher frequency among those without symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while 38.9% showed a high consumption of ultra-processed foods, without differences according to symptoms. High consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods was associated with a lower likelihood of symptoms of depression (OR: 0.62; p=0.011), anxiety (OR: 0.58; p=0.003) and stress (OR: 0.69; p=0.043). No association was found between ultra-processed and mental health outcomes. Actions that support and encourage the consumption of healthy food in the university environment can contribute to mental health outcomes.
They really, really, really don’t like to admit they made mistakes: A critical discourse analysis of appraisal in wrongful convictions
Authors: Ortega-Robles Carmen , Hidalgo-Tenorio Encarnación
Published: January 2025

Besides being unjustly incarcerated, Sabrina Butler, Kristine Bunch, Ru-el Sailor and Larry DeLisle endured various forms of police mistreatment, as detailed in a collection of transcripts from the Wrongful Conviction Podcast (WCP). Understandably enough, their criminalization had a profound impact on their perception of external and internal realities. Given their unique socio-demographic backgrounds, variations in the discursive patterns of their communicative interactions are anticipated. As extensively analyzed in sociolinguistics, both gender and ethnicity influence how individuals construct discourse; particularly, these traits appear to account for how the subjects under study express their emotions and opinions. This is because they are silenced and unable to directly confront their trauma; often, they are incapable of discussing their feelings or identifying those responsible for these traumatic events. Drawing on Appraisal Theory, this paper investigates the language of evaluation used in these texts taken from the WCP. To this end, our analysis of the data is performed using UAM CorpusTool.
Lexical influences on predictive mouse cursor movements
Authors: Kukona Anuenue
Published: January 2025

Two mouse cursor tracking experiments investigated lexical prediction. Participants heard predictive sentences (e.g., “What the librarian will read, which is shown here, is the…”) and viewed visual arrays with predictable targets (e.g., book) and phonological competitors (e.g., bull) or unrelated distractors (e.g., goat). Participants tasked with clicking on the (i.e., target) object referred to in sentences (Experiment 1), or with doing so interleaved with a cloze procedure (e.g., completing “What the librarian will read is this.”; Experiment 2), made predictive mouse cursor movements to targets. However, predictive attraction to phonological competitors was not observed. Implications for theories of predictive sentence processing are discussed.
Upgrading an Old Classic: The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Authors: MORRIS JEREMY
Published: January 2025

Is the era of the reference book coming to an end? Publishers evidently don't think so. Not only have we seen an explosion in the number of handbooks, companions and dictionaries produced by the mainstream academic press in recent years, but even older, well-established ‘brands’ continue to flourish. Here is the fourth edition of Oxford University Press's ‘flagship’ Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church (ODCC), considerably expanded and revised from the third edition. Yet although libraries continue to buy works such as this, and academic colleagues to use them and refer to them, students often – if my experience is anything to go by – prefer the easier, cheaper, faster route of online sourcing, and particularly Wikipedia. A review of this edition of the ODCC has to reckon, then, not only with evaluating the content of the work itself, but, more sharply than perhaps was necessary before, with the questions of who exactly is likely to use it, and how it stands up in comparison with the competition.
A quasi-linear model of electromagnetic turbulent transport and its application to flux-driven transport predictions for STEP
Authors: Giacomin M. , Dickinson D. , Dorland W. , Mandell N.R. , Bokshi A. , Casson F.J. , Dudding H.G. , Kennedy D. , Patel B.S. , Roach C.M.
Published: January 2025

A quasi-linear reduced transport model is developed from a database of high-

$\beta$

electromagnetic nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations performed with spherical tokamak for energy production (STEP) relevant parameters. The quasi-linear model is fully electromagnetic and accounts for the effect of equilibrium flow shear using a novel approach. Its flux predictions are shown to agree quantitatively with predictions from local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations across a broad range of STEP-relevant local equilibria. This reduced transport model is implemented in the T3D transport solver that is used to perform the first flux-driven simulations for STEP to account for transport from hybrid kinetic ballooning mode turbulence, which dominates over a wide region of the core plasma. Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of the final transport steady state from T3D return turbulent fluxes that are consistent with the reduced model, indicating that the quasi-linear model may also be appropriate for describing the transport steady state. Within the assumption considered here, our simulations support the existence of a transport steady state in STEP with a fusion power comparable to that in the burning flat top of the conceptual design, but do not demonstrate how this state can be accessed.
The welfare-convergence dilemma: why social insurance is objectionable in the convergence conception of public justification
Authors: Li Man-kong , Wong Baldwin
Published: January 2025

Recently, convergence liberals, such as Kevin Vallier, argue that the principle of social insurance could be publicly justified. Our paper challenges this marriage of convergence liberalism and welfare state. We begin by examining Vallier’s three reasons for the principle of social insurance: risk aversion, injustice and the promotion of political trust. We then argue that all these reasons are intelligibly objectionable. After examining five possible responses that convergence liberals may offer, this paper concludes that the principle of social insurance is not conclusively justified in the convergence conception of public justification.
The influence of upward social comparison on social network sites on middle school students’ depression: A two-wave multiple mediation model
Authors: Yuan Mengmeng , Sun Yan , Wang Yijin , Yu Lei
Published: January 2025

There is a lack of longitudinal data on the relationship between upward social comparison on social network sites (SNSs) and depression and its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between upward social comparison on social network sites and depression and analyze the mediating effects of self-concept clarity and self-esteem in this relationship. We employed a two-wave longitudinal design among 1179 Chinese middle school students. The results indicated that : upward social comparison on SNSs predicted middle school students’ depression; Self-concept clarity and self-esteem sequentially mediated the relationship between upward social comparison on SNSs and middle school students’ subsequent depression. These results suggested that three types of interventions could be effectively used to decrease the risk of depression among middle school students.
‘A little knowledge is a dangerous thing’: Rural realities, professional ideals, and the forgotten history of cottage nursing c. 1880–1939
Authors: Groppo Martha
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the rise and fall of cottage nursing, a controversial approach to rural healthcare that was championed across the United Kingdom from the 1880s to the interwar period. Defying the strategies being used to professionalise nursing in urban centres, cottage nursing supporters argued that nurses for the rural poor should be recruited from the lowest social classes, given only the briefest training, and prepared to do both nursing and menial domestic work. Their critics espoused the noble ideal of providing the rural poor with only the best-trained lady district nurses from the apparent moral high ground, persuasively arguing that the ‘little knowledge’ given to cottage nurses was a ‘dangerous thing’ – both for patients and for the nursing profession. And yet, cottage nursing supporters boldly challenged this position, arguing that noble ideals and excellent standards could simultaneously be pursued on behalf of rural patients and at their expense.
Microfluidic platforms for monitoring cardiomyocyte electromechanical activity
Authors: Wang Wei , Su Weiguang , Han Junlei , Song Wei , Li Xinyu , Xu Chonghai , Sun Yu , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases account for ~40% of global deaths annually. This situation has revealed the urgent need for the investigation and development of corresponding drugs for pathogenesis due to the complexity of research methods and detection techniques. An in vitro cardiomyocyte model is commonly used for cardiac drug screening and disease modeling since it can respond to microphysiological environmental variations through mechanoelectric feedback. Microfluidic platforms are capable of accurate fluid control and integration with analysis and detection techniques. Therefore, various microfluidic platforms (i.e., heart-on-a-chip) have been applied for the reconstruction of the physiological environment and detection of signals from cardiomyocytes. They have demonstrated advantages in mimicking the cardiovascular structure and function in vitro and in monitoring electromechanical signals. This review presents a summary of the methods and technologies used to monitor the contractility and electrophysiological signals of cardiomyocytes within microfluidic platforms. Then, applications in common cardiac drug screening and cardiovascular disease modeling are presented, followed by design strategies for enhancing physiology studies. Finally, we discuss prospects in the tissue engineering and sensing techniques of microfluidic platforms.
An ultrasensitive angular interrogation metasurface sensor based on the TE mode surface lattice resonance
Authors: Li Liye , Wu Wengang
Published: January 2025

The localized surface plasmon resonance metasurface is a research hotspot in the sensing field since it can enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanoscale, but the wavelength sensitivity is far from comparable with that of prism-coupled surface plasmon polariton (SPP). Herein, we propose and demonstrate an ultrasensitive angular interrogation sensor based on the transverse electric mode surface lattice resonance (SLR) mechanism in an all-metal metasurface. In theory, we derive the sensitivity function in detail and emphasize the refraction effect at the air-solution interface, which influences the SLR position and improves the sensitivity performance greatly in the wide-angle. In the measurement, a broadband light source substitutes the single-wavelength laser generally used in traditional angular sensing, and the measured SLR wavelength of broadband illuminant at normal incidence is defined as the single wavelength, avoiding the sensitivity loss from the large angle. The experimental sensitivity can reach 4304.35°/RIU, promoting an order of magnitude compared to those of SPP-sensors. This research provides a novel theory as well as the corresponding crucial approach to achieving ultrasensitive angular sensing.
Tunable MEMS-based meta-absorbers for nondispersive infrared gas sensing applications
Authors: Li Kunye , Liang Yuhao , Liu Yuxin , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: January 2025

In conventional nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors, a wide-spectrum IR source or detector must be combined with a narrowband filter to eliminate the interference of nontarget gases. Therefore, the multiplexed NDIR gas sensor requires multiple pairs of narrowband filters, which is not conducive to miniaturization and integration. Although plasmonic metamaterials or multilayer thin-film structures are widely applied in spectral absorption filters, realizing high-performance, large-area, multiband, and compact filters is rather challenging. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a narrowband meta-absorber based on a planar metal–insulator–metal (MIM) cavity with a metallic ultrathin film atop. Nearly perfect absorption of different wavelengths can be obtained by controlling the thickness of the dielectric spacer. More significantly, the proposed meta-absorber exhibits angle-dependent characteristics. The absorption spectra of different gases can be matched by changing the incident angle of the light source. We also preliminarily investigate the CO2 gas sensing capability of the meta-absorber. Afterward, we propose a tunable meta-absorber integrated with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based electrothermal actuator (ETA). By applying a direct current (DC) bias voltage, the inclination angle of the meta-absorber can be controlled, and the relationship between the inclination angle and the applied voltage can be deduced theoretically. The concept of a tunable MEMS-based meta-absorber offers a new way toward highly integrated, miniaturized and energy-efficient NDIR multigas sensing systems.
Aurora B inhibition induces hyper-polyploidy and loss of long-term proliferative potential in RB and p53 defective cells
Authors: Vora Shivam , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Andrew Ariel , Kumar Ramyashree Prasanna , Proctor Martina , Zeng Zhen , Bhatt Rituparna , Nazareth Deborah , Fernando Madushan , Jones Mathew J. K. , He Yaowu , Hooper John D. , McMillan Nigel A. J. , Urosevic Jelena , Saeh Jamal , Travers Jon , Cimini Daniela , Chen Jing , Gabrielli Brian
Published: January 2025

Polyploidy is a common outcome of chemotherapies, but there is conflicting evidence as to whether polyploidy is an adverse, benign or even favourable outcome. We show Aurora B kinase inhibitors efficiently promote polyploidy in many cell types, resulting in the cell cycle exit in RB and p53 functional cells, but hyper-polyploidy in cells with loss of RB and p53 function. These hyper-polyploid cells (>8n DNA content) are viable but have lost long-term proliferative potential in vitro and fail to form tumours in vivo. Investigation of mitosis in these cells revealed high numbers of centrosomes that were capable of supporting functional mitotic spindle poles, but these failed to progress to anaphase/telophase structures even when AURKB inhibitor was removed after 2–3 days. However, when AURKB inhibitor was removed after 1 day and cells had failed a single cytokinesis to become tetraploid, they retained colony forming ability and long-term proliferative potential. Mathematical modelling of the potential for polyploid cells to produce viable daughter cells demonstrated that cells with >8n DNA and >4 functional spindle poles approach zero probability of a viable daughter, supporting our experimental observations. These findings demonstrate that tetraploidy is tolerated by tumour cells, but higher ploidy states are incompatible with long-term proliferative potential.
Diet-wide analyses for risk of colorectal cancer: prospective study of 12,251 incident cases among 542,778 women in the UK
Authors: Papier Keren , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Balkwill Angela , Barnes Isobel , Smith-Byrne Karl , Gunter Marc J. , Berndt Sonja I. , Le Marchand Loic , Wu Anna H. , Peters Ulrike , Beral Valerie , Key Timothy J. , Reeves Gillian K.
Published: January 2025

Uncertainty remains regarding the role of diet in colorectal cancer development. We examined associations of 97 dietary factors with colorectal cancer risk in 542,778 Million Women Study participants (12,251 incident cases over 16.6 years), and conducted a targeted genetic analysis in the ColoRectal Transdisciplinary Study, Colon Cancer Family Registry, and Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO). Alcohol (relative risk per 20 g/day=1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.20) and calcium (per 300 mg/day=0.83, 0.77–0.89) intakes had the strongest associations, followed by six dairy-related factors associated with calcium. We showed a positive association with red and processed meat intake and weaker inverse associations with breakfast cereal, fruit, wholegrains, carbohydrates, fibre, total sugars, folate, and vitamin C. Genetically predicted milk consumption was inversely associated with risk of colorectal, colon, and rectal cancers. We conclude that dairy products help protect against colorectal cancer, and that this is driven largely or wholly by calcium.
Multimodal cell-free DNA whole-genome TAPS is sensitive and reveals specific cancer signals
Authors: Vavoulis Dimitrios V. , Cutts Anthony , Thota Nishita , Brown Jordan , Sugar Robert , Rueda Antonio , Ardalan Arman , Howard Kieran , Matos Santo Flavia , Sannasiddappa Thippesh , Miller Bronwen , Ash Stephen , Liu Yibin , Song Chun-Xiao , Nicholson Brian D. , Dreau Helene , Tregidgo Carolyn , Schuh Anna
Published: January 2025

The analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) through minimally invasive liquid biopsies is promising for early multi-cancer detection and monitoring minimal residual disease. Most existing methods focus on targeted deep sequencing, but few integrate multiple data modalities. Here, we develop a methodology for ctDNA detection using deep (80x) whole-genome TET-Assisted Pyridine Borane Sequencing (TAPS), a less destructive approach than bisulphite sequencing, which permits the simultaneous analysis of genomic and methylomic data. We conduct a diagnostic accuracy study across multiple cancer types in symptomatic patients, achieving 94.9% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity. Matched tumour biopsies are used for validation, not for guiding the analysis, imitating an early detection scenario. Furthermore, in silico validation demonstrates strong discrimination (86% AUC) at ctDNA fractions as low as 0.7%. Additionally, we successfully track tumour burden and ctDNA shedding from precancerous lesions post-treatment without requiring matched tumour biopsies. This pipeline is ready for further clinical evaluation to extend cancer screening and improve patient triage and monitoring.
PTMNavigator: interactive visualization of differentially regulated post-translational modifications in cellular signaling pathways
Authors: Müller Julian , Bayer Florian P. , Wilhelm Mathias , Schuh Maximilian G. , Kuster Bernhard , The Matthew
Published: January 2025

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play pivotal roles in regulating cellular signaling, fine-tuning protein function, and orchestrating complex biological processes. Despite their importance, the lack of comprehensive tools for studying PTMs from a pathway-centric perspective has limited our ability to understand how PTMs modulate cellular pathways on a molecular level. Here, we present PTMNavigator, a tool integrated into the ProteomicsDB platform that offers an interactive interface for researchers to overlay experimental PTM data with pathway diagrams. PTMNavigator provides ~3000 canonical pathways from manually curated databases, enabling users to modify and create custom diagrams tailored to their data. Additionally, PTMNavigator automatically runs kinase and pathway enrichment algorithms whose results are directly integrated into the visualization. This offers a comprehensive view of the intricate relationship between PTMs and signaling pathways. We demonstrate the utility of PTMNavigator by applying it to two phosphoproteomics datasets, showing how it can enhance pathway enrichment analysis, visualize how drug treatments result in a discernable flow of PTM-driven signaling, and aid in proposing extensions to existing pathways. By enhancing our understanding of cellular signaling dynamics and facilitating the discovery of PTM-pathway interactions, PTMNavigator advances our knowledge of PTM biology and its implications in health and disease.
Structural basis of THC analog activity at the Cannabinoid 1 receptor
Authors: Thorsen Thor S. , Kulkarni Yashraj , Sykes David A. , Bøggild Andreas , Drace Taner , Hompluem Pattarin , Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas Christos , Nikas Spyros P. , Daver Henrik , Makriyannis Alexandros , Nissen Poul , Gajhede Michael , Veprintsev Dmitry B. , Boesen Thomas , Kastrup Jette S. , Gloriam David E.
Published: January 2025

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant Cannabis sativa and approved for emetic conditions, appetite stimulation and sleep apnea relief. THC’s psychoactive actions are mediated primarily by the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of HU210, a THC analog and widely used tool compound, bound to CB1 and its primary transducer, Gi1. We leverage this structure for docking and 1000 ns molecular dynamics simulations of THC and 10 structural analogs delineating their spatiotemporal interactions at the molecular level. Furthermore, we pharmacologically profile their recruitment of Gi and β-arrestins and reversibility of binding from an active complex. By combining detailed CB1 structural information with molecular models and signaling data we uncover the differential spatiotemporal interactions these ligands make to receptors governing potency, efficacy, bias and kinetics. This may help explain the actions of abused substances, advance fundamental receptor activation studies and design better medicines.
Charge-transfer complexation of coordination cages for enhanced photochromism and photocatalysis
Authors: Li Gen , Du Zelin , Wu Chao , Liu Yawei , Xu Yan , Lavendomme Roy , Liang Shihang , Gao En-Qing , Zhang Dawei
Published: January 2025

Intensified host-guest electronic interplay within stable metal-organic cages (MOCs) presents great opportunities for applications in stimuli response and photocatalysis. Zr-MOCs represent a type of robust discrete hosts for such a design, but their host-guest chemistry in solution is hampered by the limited solubility. Here, by using pyridinium-derived cationic ligands with tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate (BArF−) as solubilizing counteranions, we report the preparation of soluble Zr-MOCs of different shapes (1-4) that are otherwise inaccessible through a conventional method. Enforced arrangement of the multiple electron-deficient pyridinium groups into one cage (1) leads to magnified positive electrostatic field and electron-accepting strength in favor of hosting electron-donating anions, including halides and tetraarylborates. The strong charge-transfer (CT) interactions activate guest-to-host photoinduced electron transfer (PET), leading to pronounced and regulable photochromisms. Both ground-state and radical structures of host and host-guest complexes have been unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography. The CT-enhanced PET also enables the use of 1 as an efficient photocatalyst for aerobic oxidation of tetraarylborates into biaryls and phenols. This work presents the solution assembly of soluble Zr-MOCs from cationic ligands with the assistance of solubilizing anions and highlights the great potential of harnessing host-guest CT for boosting PET-based functions and applications.
Investigating Parkinson’s disease risk across farming activities using data mining and large-scale administrative health data
Authors: Petit Pascal , Berger François , Bonneterre Vincent , Vuillerme Nicolas
Published: January 2025

The risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with farming has received considerable attention, in particular for pesticide exposure. However, data on PD risk associated with specific farming activities is lacking. We aimed to explore whether specific farming activities exhibited a higher risk of PD than others among the entire French farm manager (FM) population. A secondary analysis of real-world administrative insurance claim data and electronic health/medical records (TRACTOR project) was conducted to estimate PD risk for 26 farming activities using data mining. PD cases were identified through chronic disease declarations and antiparkinsonian drug claims. There were 8845 PD cases among 1,088,561 FMs. The highest-risk group included FMs engaged in pig farming, cattle farming, truck farming, fruit arboriculture, and crop farming, with mean hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.22 to 1.67. The lowest-risk group included all activities involving horses and small animals, as well as gardening, landscaping and reforestation companies (mean HRs: 0.48–0.81). Our findings represent a preliminary work that suggests the potential involvement of occupational risk factors related to farming in PD onset and development. Future research focusing on farmers engaged in high-risk farming activities will allow to uncover potential occupational factors by better characterizing the farming exposome, which could improve PD surveillance among farmers.
An infrared, Raman, and X-ray database of battery interphase components
Authors: Karapin-Springorum Lukas , Sarycheva Asia , Dopilka Andrew , Cha Hyungyeon , Ihsan-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Larson Jonathan M. , Kostecki Robert
Published: January 2025

Further improvements to lithium-ion and emerging battery technologies can be enabled by an improved understanding of the chemistry and working mechanisms of interphases that form at electrochemically active battery interfaces. However, it is difficult to collect and interpret spectra of interphases for several reasons, including the presence of a variety of compounds. To address this challenge, we herein present a vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data library of ten compounds that have been identified as interphase constituents in lithium-ion or emerging battery chemistries. The data library includes attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction data, collected in inert atmospheres provided by custom sample chambers. The data library presented in this work (and online repository) simplifies access to reference data that is otherwise either diffusely spread throughout the literature or non-existent, and provides energy storage researchers streamlined access to vital interphase-relevant data that can accelerate battery research efforts.
Smart furniture using radar technology for cardiac health monitoring
Authors: Gharamohammadi Ali , Bagheri Mohammad Omid , Abu-Sardanah Serene , Riad Michael M. Y. R. , Abedi Hajar , Ansariyan Ahmad , Wang Kang , Saragadam Ashish , Chumachenko Dmytro , Abhari Shahabeddin , Morita Plinio Pelegrini , Khajepour Amir , Shaker George
Published: January 2025

The integration of radar technology into smart furniture represents a practical approach to health monitoring, circumventing the concerns regarding user convenience and privacy often encountered by conventional smart home systems. Radar technology’s inherent non-contact methodology, privacy-preserving features, adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, and high precision characteristics collectively establish it a compelling alternative for comprehensive health monitoring within domestic environments. In this paper, we introduce a millimeter (mm)-wave radar system positioned strategically behind a seat, featuring an algorithm capable of identifying unique cardiac waveform patterns for healthy subjects. These patterns are characterized by two peaks followed by a valley in each cycle, which can be correlated to Electrocardiogram (ECG), enabling effective cardiac waveform monitoring. The provided algorithm excels in discerning variations in heart patterns, particularly in individuals with prolonged corrected QT intervals, by minimizing high frequency breathing interference and ensuring accurate pattern recognition. Additionally, this paper addresses the influence of body movements in seated individuals, conducting a comprehensive study on heart rate variability and estimation. Experiment results demonstrate a maximum interbeat intervals (IBI) error of 30 milliseconds and an average relative error of 4.8% in heart rate estimation, showcasing the efficacy of the proposed method utilizing variational mode decomposition and a multi-bin approach.
Influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole plasma concentrations
Authors: Toja-Camba Francisco José , Vidal-Millares María , Durán-Maseda María José , Hermelo-Vidal Gonzalo , Carracedo Ángel , Maroñas Olalla , Ramudo-Cela Luis , Zarra-Ferro Irene , Fernández-Ferreiro Anxo , Mondelo-García Cristina
Published: January 2025

Aripiprazole (ARI) is an atypical antipsychotic which is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in eliminating potentially harmful compounds from the organism. ARI once-monthly (AOM) is a long-acting injectable form which improves treatment compliance. Genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 may lead to changes in P-gp function, leading to individual differences in drug disposition. The present study aims to determine how the different variants of the three most prevalent SNPs of the ABCB1 gene affect plasma concentrations of ARI, of its active metabolite dehydroaripiprazole (DHA) and ARI/DHA ratio in patients under AOM treatment. The metabolizing state of the two main aripiprazole metabolizing enzymes (CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) were considered to specifically study the effect of P-gp on plasma concentrations of the parent compound and its active metabolite. The study found a clear relationship between the genotypes found for the different ABCB1 SNPs and the ARI/DHA ratio. Specifically, patients with GG genotype in G2677T have almost twice the ratio compared to TT genotype. Similarly, this increase is also found in C3435T with 1.4-fold and in C1236T with 1.6-fold for the same genotypes. Regarding haplotypes, significant differences were obtained between CC-GG-CC and TT-TT-TT patients, with an 87.9% higher ratio in patients with the CC-GG-CC haplotype. There was a clear trend towards lower ARI concentrations and higher DHA concentrations when the presence of mutated T alleles increases. The ABCB1 gene could be a good partner along with CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genotyping in conjunction with monitoring ARI plasma concentrations.
Data-driven prediction of chemically relevant compositions in multi-component systems using tensor embeddings
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Isao
Published: January 2025

The discovery of novel materials is crucial for developing new functional materials. This study introduces a predictive model designed to forecast complex multi-component oxide compositions, leveraging data derived from simpler pseudo-binary systems. By applying tensor decomposition and machine learning techniques, we transformed pseudo-binary oxide compositions from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) into tensor representations, capturing key chemical trends such as oxidation states and periodic positions. Tucker decomposition was utilized to extract tensor embeddings, which were used to train a Random Forest classifier. The model successfully predicted the existence probabilities of pseudo-ternary and quaternary oxides, with 84% and 52% of ICSD-registered compositions, respectively, achieving high scores. Our approach highlights the potential of leveraging simpler oxide data to predict more complex compositions, suggesting broader applicability to other material systems such as sulfides and nitrides.
Facial signals shape predictions about the nature of upcoming conversational responses
Authors: Emmendorfer Alexandra K. , Holler Judith
Published: January 2025

Increasing evidence suggests that interlocutors use visual communicative signals to form predictions about unfolding utterances, but there is little data on the predictive potential of facial signals in conversation. In an online experiment with virtual agents, we examine whether facial signals produced by an addressee may allow speakers to anticipate the response to a question before it is given. Participants (n = 80) viewed videos of short conversation fragments between two virtual humans. Each fragment ended with the Questioner asking a question, followed by a pause during which the Responder looked either straight at the Questioner (baseline), or averted their gaze, or accompanied the straight gaze with one of the following facial signals: brow raise, brow frown, nose wrinkle, smile, squint, mouth corner pulled back (dimpler). Participants then indicated on a 6-point scale whether they expected a “yes” or “no” response. Analyses revealed that all signals received different ratings relative to the baseline: brow raises, dimplers, and smiles were associated with more positive responses, gaze aversions, brow frowns, nose wrinkles, and squints with more negative responses. Qur findings show that interlocutors may form strong associations between facial signals and upcoming responses to questions, highlighting their predictive potential in face-to-face conversation.
The role of worldviews, radicalization risk factors, and personality in harassment of scientists
Authors: Gligorić Vukašin , Reinhardt Carlotta , Nieuwenhuijzen Ella , de Castro Josha Orobio , Feddes Allard R. , van Kleef Gerben A. , Rutjens Bastiaan T.
Published: January 2025

Anti-science movements brought more than public distrust in science. Perhaps even more worryingly, these movements are also associated with instances of harassment of—and violence against—scientists. However, virtually nothing is known about individuals likely to harass or harm scientists. Across two pre-registered studies (total N = 749), we investigated the role of worldviews (e.g., political ideology, conspiracy mentality, science cynicism), radicalization risk factors (relative deprivation and threat), and personality traits and how these relate to harassment of scientists (both attitudes and behavior). We found that science cynicism–the perception that scientists are incompetent and corrupt–drives approval of scientists’ harassment (attitudes), as well as harmful behavior (e.g., refusing to donate money, not signing a petition). Additionally, perceiving scientists as threatening, as well as dark personality traits (psychopathy and narcissism), contributed to approving scientists’ harassment. Overall, the present research takes a first step in identifying predictors of the willingness to harm scientists.
Advanced control parameter optimization in DC motors and liquid level systems
Authors: Ekinci Serdar , Izci Davut , Almomani Mohammad H. , Saleem Kashif , Zitar Raed Abu , Smerat Aseel , Snasel Vaclav , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Abualigah Laith
Published: January 2025

In recent times, there has been notable progress in control systems across various industrial domains, necessitating effective management of dynamic systems for optimal functionality. A crucial research focus has emerged in optimizing control parameters to augment controller performance. Among the plethora of optimization algorithms, the mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO) stands out for its capacity to emulate the agile movements and behavioral strategies observed in mountain gazelles. This paper introduces a novel approach employing MGO to optimize control parameters in both a DC motor and three-tank liquid level systems. The fine-tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters using MGO achieves remarkable results, including a rise time of 0.0478 s, zero overshoot, and a settling time of 0.0841 s for the DC motor system. Similarly, the liquid level system demonstrates improved control with a rise time of 11.0424 s and a settling time of 60.6037 s. Comparative assessments with competitive algorithms, such as the grey wolf optimizer and particle swarm optimization, reveal MGO’s superior performance. Furthermore, a new performance indicator, ZLG, is introduced to comprehensively evaluate control quality. The MGO-based approach consistently achieves lower ZLG values, showcasing its adaptability and robustness in dynamic system control and parameter optimization. By providing a dependable and efficient optimization methodology, this research contributes to advancing control systems, promoting stability, and enhancing efficiency across diverse industrial applications.
The trophic distribution of biomass in ecosystems with co-occurring wildlife and livestock
Authors: Speed James D. M. , Sobocinski Anna , Kolstad Anders L. , Linnell John D. C. , Solberg Erling J. , Mattisson Jenny , Austrheim Gunnar
Published: January 2025

Trophic interactions regulate populations, but anthropogenic processes influence primary productivity and consumption by both herbivore and carnivore species. Trophic ecology studies often focus on natural systems such as protected areas, even though livestock globally comprise the majority of terrestrial vertebrate biomass. Here we explore spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of biomass between plants, and large herbivores and carnivores (> 10 kg) in Norwegian rangelands, including both wildlife and livestock. We find high spatial variation in the relationship between plant and herbivore biomass, with both positive and negative divergence in observed biomass from expectations based on primary productivity. Meanwhile, despite recent partial recoveries in carnivore densities across Norway, carnivore biomass is still lower than expected based on herbivore biomass, even if livestock are excluded from the estimation. Our study highlights how temporal trends in both herbivores and carnivores reflect policy development. The role of livestock husbandry and wildlife management is thus key in determining realised biomass distributions in anthropogenically influenced ecosystems.
Characterizing phenotype variants of Cercosporidium personatum, causal agent of peanut late leaf spot disease, their morphology, genetics and metabolites
Authors: Arias Renee S. , Cantonwine Emily G. , Orner Valerie A. , Walk Travis E. , Massa Alicia N. , Stewart Jane E. , Dobbs John T. , Manchester Atalya , Higbee Pirada S. , Lamb Marshall C. , Sobolev Victor S.
Published: January 2025

Cercosporidium personatum (CP) causes peanut late leaf spot (LLS) disease with 70% yield losses unless controlled by fungicides. CP grows slowly in culture, exhibiting variable phenotypes. To explain those variations, we analyzed the morphology, genomes, transcriptomes and chemical composition of three morphotypes, herein called RED, TAN, and BROWN. We characterized, for the first time in CP, anthraquinone (AQ) precursors of dothistromin (DOT), including averantin, averufin, norsolorinic acid, versicolorin B, versicolorin A, nidurufin and averufanin. BROWN had the highest AQ and melanin (15 mg/g DW) contents. RED had the highest ergosterol (855 µM FW) and chitin (beta-glucans, 4% DW) contents. RED and TAN had higher resistance to xenobiotics (p ≤ 1.0E-3), including chlorothalonil, tebuconazole and caffeine, compared to CP NRRL 64,463. In RED, TAN, and BROWN, rates of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (1.4–1.7 nt/kb) and amino acid changes (3k-4k) were higher than in NRRL 64,463. Differential gene expression (p ≤ 1.0E-5) was observed in 47 pathogenicity/virulence genes, 41 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and 23 pigment/mycotoxin biosynthesis genes. We describe the MAT1 locus, and a method to evaluate CP-xenobiotic resistance in 5 days. Chemical profiles indicate each CP morphotype could trigger different immune response in plants, probably hindering development of durable LLS resistance.
Apoptotic cell death of stomach cancer lines (AGS) induced by Co-NTB complex through cellular organelles and DNA damage
Authors: Balusamy Sri Renukadevi , Balamurugan Mani , Purushothaman Sumitha , Somasundaram Sivaraman , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Sohn Daewon , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Mijakovic Ivan , Rahimi Shadi , Perumalsamy Haribalan
Published: January 2025

The Co-NTB complex acts as an effective anticancer agent against AGS stomach cancer cell lines, with apoptotic cell death induced by targeting cellular organelles and DNA.
We All Need at Least One Friend Who Understands What We Do Not Say: A Scoping Review of Friendship and Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Finke Erinn H. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Azios Jamie , McElfresh Jenessa
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this scoping review was to understand what is known about the friendships of individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Because communication is important to friendship, severe communication impairment may impact the establishment or maintenance of friendships in unique and important ways.

Method:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and Covidence software using an established set of operationally defined inclusion criteria supported the identification of the 46 papers included in this review. Included papers presented original data on the friendships of individuals with disabilities (acquired and developmental) who could benefit from AAC across the lifespan. Data were extracted to identify features of the body of literature and to identify themes that could inform future research and clinical practice.

Results:

Themes identified from the included studies related to how friendship is defined, supports for friendship formation and maintenance, help and care in friendships, positive outcomes, barriers, the impact of AAC, and recommendations for moving clinical practice and research forward.

Conclusions:

Friendships are chosen relationships that stem from congruences in perspectives between two individuals. People who use AAC, like the broader population, are likely to seek out and maintain friendships with people who are similar to them: people who share personality traits, past experiences (including experiencing disability), interests, and activities. Creative solutions are needed to increase the independence of disabled children and adults to meet and engage with new people with a variety of lived experiences.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28119857