bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of palm oil and water temperature in bioactive edible film preparation of total mixed ration pellet on hardness and microbial profile
Authors: Wahyudi A , Hendraningsih L , Mulatmi S N W , Khalimah I N , Irpani M
Published: June 2021

The effects of palm oil and water temperature on preparation of bioactive edible film (BEF) in total mixed ration (TMR) pellets were investigated, with highlight on hardness and microbial composition. The research followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial of 4 × 4 with 3 replications. The first factor was crude palm oil (M) with levels of 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, while the second factor was water temperature (T) as a solvent for tapioca flour, namely 30 °C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. The results showed that palm oil concentration and water temperature had a significant effect (P <0.05) and showed an interaction between the two factors on the hardness of BEF TMR pellets. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungi population decreased with the addition of palm oil content and increasing of water temperature. Coliform was not detected in all palm oil and temperature treatments. It could be concluded there was an interaction between addition of palm oil and water temperature to the hardness of BEF TMR pellets, with the best combination produced by 3% palm oil and 35°C water temperature. The population profile of LAB and fungi at treatment of 3% palm oil and 30°C produced the most satisfied pellet which also meets Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for ruminant feed.
Relationship between pellet durability index and hardness of pellet with various binder for broiler finisher phase
Authors: Supriadi W J , Amal I , Mustabi J , Syamsu J A , Latief M F
Published: June 2021

Feed quality is not only in terms of nutrition but also from physical quality. Good physical quality will increase feed consumption and improve the performance of broilers finisher phase. One feed that is usually given is pellets. This research aims to determine the effect of using molasses, tapioca flour and bentonite binder on relationship between pellet durability index and hardness of pellet for broiler finisher phase. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were feed of broiler finisher phase with the addition of binder, as follows: P0 (without binder); P1 (molasses 2%); P2 (tapioca flour 2%) and P3 (bentonite 2%). To determine the relationship between pellet durability index (Y) and hardness (X) using simple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that the pellet durability index is strongly influenced by the level of pellet hardness where the higher hardness value will increase pellet durability index, with a correlation of 79.80%.
The effect of soybean meal substitution with Indigofera leaves and turmeric on carcass weight of Indonesian native chickens
Authors: Muhammad L N , Daryatmo  , Nadir M , Syamsu J A , Purwanti S
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of substitution of soybean meal with Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) leaf flour (ILF) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) flour on the carcass weight of the native chickens. A total of 80 8-weeks-old Indonesian native chicken were fed 4 types of a ration containing ILF and turmeric flour to substitute soybean meal based on the completely randomized design with 5 replication. The formulated ration consisted of basal feed (R0), 10% of ILF and 2.5% turmeric flour (R1), 15% ILF and 2.5% turmeric flour (R2), 20% ILF and 2.5% turmeric flour (R3), respectively. At the end of the experiment, 2 chicken sample from each group were selected and slaughtered for further carcass characteristics measurement. Partial carcass percentages of the chest, thigh, and back were not affected by the substitution of soybean meal with ILF and turmeric flour in the ration, however, wing percentage was significantly higher in the group of chicken fed 15% of ILF and 2.5% turmeric flour (R2) compared to other groups.
The functions of Cinnamomum burmannii as an antioxidant feed additive for broiler chickens: A review
Authors: Nurhasmiati  , Purwanti S
Published: June 2021

Broiler chickens are livestock poultry that produces meat and are mostly maintained by the community. The increasing demand for broilers causes breeders to try to accelerate and improve the performance of broilers. The increase in broiler chickens must also pay attention to immunity because of the changing seasons which usually causes disease and can cause death in chickens. The addition of feed additives as a supplement for broiler chickens can increase immunity, one example is cinnamon because it contains antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds that can counteract or reduce the negative effects of free radicals. We can find natural antioxidants in cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii). Feed additives have now been limited by the government in the feeding additive containing chemicals so the need for innovation of feed additives made from herbal materials that do not harm chickens and humans who consume them. This cinnamon study has a real influence on broiler chickens as a feed additive in their influence on antioxidants and chicken cholesterol. Broiler chicken antioxidants have a noticeable effect on femoral musculus in a combination of 100% kombucha tea with 5% cinnamon with ratio (1:1) (49.7%) and a combination of 100% kombucha tea with 5% cinnamon with ratio (1:3) (69.6%) in musculus pectoralis major. The content of cinnamon phytochemical compounds from the phenylpropanoids class in the form of cinnamic acid (Cinnamaldehyde compound) which belongs to the phenylpropanoid group is a derivative of phenol compounds, where the phenol compound also plays an important role in antioxidant activity. High antioxidants can have a positive effect on broiler chickens that are easily exposed to disease because it has the effect of preventing the formation of free radicals, eliminating radicals before damage appears, repairing oxidative damage, eliminating damaged molecules in broiler chicken cells. While on cholesterol parameters we know that broiler chicken meat has a high cholesterol content of 98.82-104.31 mg/100 g. The results of the study obtained a combination of 100% kombucha tea with 5% cinnamon with ratio (3:1) results of 3.71% femoral musculus and a combination of 100% kombucha tea with 5% cinnamon with ratio (1:1) (4.04%) musculus pectoralis major. The cinnamon content of saponins and tannins managed to lower the cholesterol content in broiler chicken meat.
Organic Diallyl-n-Sulfide (Dn-S) inhibited the glycogenolysis pathway and heart failure of heat-stressed laying hens
Authors: Mushawwir A , Permana R , Latipudin D , Suwarno N
Published: June 2021

Heat stress causes a decrease in metabolic and immune function, thus resulting in decreased production. Natural extracts such as the active compound diallyl-n-sulfide (Dn-S) are one strategy to overcome the adverse effects of heat stress. One hundred and fifty female laying hens, with a mean bodyweight of 1191.38±25.54 g, aged 11 weeks, were used in this experiment to study Dn-S’s impact from garlic on the metabolite profile of the glycogenolysis pathway and heart failure in laying hens. The sample of laying hens was divided into five treatment groups, each with 25 samples and the Dn-S from garlic isolated by distillation technique. The study was carried out with three types of experimental treatment, groups with a zone temperature of heat stress (38°C) and without Dn-S, heat stress (38°C) and 100 μL Dn-S/sample, heat stress (38°C) and 1125 μL Dn-S/sample, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it shows that heat stress causes an increase in the rate of glycogenolysis. It appears that the administration of 200 μL Dn-S effectively reduces the rate of glycogenolysis and can maintain a normal heart condition. It was concluded that heat stress in laying hens could be avoided by administering diallyl n-sulfide (Dn-S) from garlic. Dn-S has an essential role in preventing changes in the osmotic pressure of body fluids. Overall, it can cope with the metabolic and physiological changes associated with heat stress.
Soluble protein content, crude fiber, and hardness in Dangke nugget using red rice flour as filler in different steaming periods
Authors: Hatta W , Abustam E , Misbahuddin
Published: June 2021

Processing dangke into nuggets requires a filler to help bind water and reduce production costs. Besides containing starch, which binds water, red rice flour also has antioxidant activity and fiber beneficial for health. This research aimed to determine the level of red rice flour as filler and the optimum steaming period for dangke nugget based on soluble protein, crude fiber, and its hardness. This research applied a completely randomized design with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first factor was the level of red rice flour substituting dangke in (0%, 10%, and 20%) formulations, and the second factor was the steaming periods (20 and 30 minutes). The results showed that the increased level of usage of red rice flour by up to 20% significantly (P<0.01) increased the hardness, and slightly increased the soluble protein content and crude fiber of dangke nuggets. The increase in steaming period significantly (P<0.01) increased the soluble protein content, and slightly increased the hardness of the product texture. There was no significant effect in the interaction between two treatments. Red rice flour at 20% can be used as filler to partially substitute dangke in nugget formulation with a steaming period of 30 minutes.
Physico-chemical properties of chicken nugget by addition gelatin from the skin and bones of goat with pretreatment L.plantarum and acetic acid
Authors: Hasma  , Abustam E , Malaka R , Said M I
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to obtain the best quality of chicken nuggets by adding gelatin from goatskin and bones pretreated with L.plantarum and acetic acid. The research method was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the following treatments: (1)control; (2) goatskin gelatinL.plantarumpretreatment(GsgLp); (3) goatskin gelatin acetic acid pretreatment (GsgAa); (4) goat bone gelatinL.plantarumpre-treatment (GbgLp); (5) goat bone gelatin acetic acid pre-treatment (GbgAa). The results showed a very significant effect (P<0.01) on pH, nugget shear force, brightness L*, reddish a* and yellowish b*. The chicken nuggets added with GbgLp showed the highest of pH value and brightness L* color, but the nugget shear force showed the lowest value. The chicken nuggets added by GbgAa showed the highest a* reddish color value, as did chicken nuggets with the addition of GsgLp showed the highest yellowish color value. Conclusion, the chicken nuggets added with GbgLp showed better quality.
Effect of change in moisture content of Sumatra Forest Honey on total sugar, electrical conductivity and color
Authors: Hidayat S A , Susilo A , Masyithoh D
Published: June 2021

Sumatra forest honey is a type of forest honey produced by Apis dorsata. High humidity in forest environments and the type of open nest can increase the moisture content of honey because of its hygroscopic. The high moisture content has the potential for fermentation cause a decrease in the physicochemical quality of honey and can cause damage to packaging in long-term storage. This research was to know the effect of reducing the moisture content of Sumatran forest honey from 25% to 22% using a vacuum evaporator. The method used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and four replications. The results of these parameters are the total sugar content between 72.5% to 76% which has a very significant effect, electrical conductivity between 0.92 and 1.08. ms/cm which gave a significant effect as well as the color intensity of L * a * b * between 14.67 to 17.93 which did not affect the moisture content level of honey. The conclusion of this research showed that decreasing the moisture content of honey using a vacuum evaporator was able to improve the physical and chemical quality of honey.
Edible film characteristics at different casein concentrations
Authors: Sabil S , Maruddin F , Wahyuni T , Taufik M
Published: June 2021

The edible film is a coating material in the form of a sheet that is used as packaging to wrap a food product. The concentration of casein given as a base material can affect the characteristics of the edible film produced. The research objective was to determine the characteristics of the yield value, thickness and tensile strength of the edible film made using different casein concentrations. The study used 3 treatments of casein concentration, i.e., 7.5%; 8.5%, and 9.5%, respectively, and 3 replications each. The results showed that higher casein concentrations had significantly increased the edible file yield from 10.59% to 13.38. This measure was followed by the increase of thickness value of edible film produced ranging from 0.0534 to 0.0611 mm. Moreover, the high-level concentrations of casein used as material for the edible film produced a higher tensile strength value, reach 22.51 N at 9.5% casein. In conclusion, the use of casein as a material up t0 9.5% can increase the yield, thickness, and tensile strength of the edible film produced.
Fatty acid profile of paste, sensory quality, and microstructures surface of patty added with red fruit paste (Pandanus conoideus Lamk)
Authors: Tharukliling S , Radiati L E , Thohari I , Susilo A
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the sensory quality and the microstructure surface of the patty added with red fruit paste (RFP). An experimental method was employed with a completely randomized design in this study. The addition of RFP consisted of four treatments with three replications of each treatment. Since RFP was a substitute for animal fat in the patties mixture, the paste levels in the treatment were R0 (control), R1 (5% RFP), R2 (10%), and R3 (15%). Sensory quality was checked by a hedonic test for texture, taste, color, and juiciness and the microstructure was examined by comparing the patty samples before and after the cook. However, before the red fruit paste was being applied to the patties, the fatty acid profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. The chromatogram graph showed that red fruit paste is rich in fatty acids, dominated by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and omega 9 fatty acids. Hence, the results indicated that the addition of RFP significantly (P<0.05) increased the sensory quality parameter score. Patties with 15% RFP had the highest value for texture, taste, color, and juiciness while the control treatment had the lowest value for texture, taste, color, and juiciness. The surface of the patty microstructure was described based on the shape on the patty’s surface between R0 and R3. The appearance of the patty before and after the cook looked different. The results of microscopic observations on patties support the sensory value of R3, especially in texture and juiciness for the surface of the patties in the R3 treatment was flatter, not rough, and looked softer than the control treatment.
Microbiological analysis of raw chicken meat sold at Maros traditional markets: Total Plate Count and Escherichia coli
Authors: Nurmasytha A , Yuliati F N , Hajrawati  , Prahesti K I
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the total bacteria number, total Escherichia coli bacteria, and the hygiene of chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Maros Regency. This research was conducted using a survey method. The questionnaire was used to determine hygiene. A total of 24 samples of chicken meat obtained from four traditional markets in Maros were examined using the pour plate method to enumerate E. coli and total plate count and then descriptively analyzed. The total bacteria in chicken meat in market A, B, C, and D was 3.6×105, 1.9×106, 2.5×105, 1.7×106 CFU/g, respectively. The enumeration of E. coli ranged between 1.6×103 and 3.0×104 CFU/g. The overall result indicated that all chicken meat samples did not meet the SNI-7388-2009 requirements for the maximum threshold for microbial contamination in food. Based on the questionnaire surveillance, the four markets were in poor sanitation and hygiene. This research revealed that the chicken sellers in traditional markets did not have sufficient knowledge about the importance of sanitation and hygiene concerning the food safety of the products.
Use of body linear measurements to estimate the reproductive performance of cattle in smallholder farms by a participative breeding system in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Zulkharnaim  , Baco S , Ako A , Baba S , Rahim L , Syarif I , Hasman
Published: June 2021

Study aimed to identify the correlation of body sizes of Bali cattle with the pregnancy ability trait. Many studies gave attention to the body characters of beef cattle as the object being observed. Several types of research reported a strong correlation between some linear body sizes with some production traits. The pregnancy trait in beef cattle is very important, especially for smallholder farmers. A total of 100 cattle were measured body sizes, includes 50 pregnancy cattle and 50 non-pregnancy cattle. Three morphometric traits were measured on each animal. The parts measured were body length (BL), withers height (WH), heart girth (HG) and body condition scoring (BCS). The morphological traits were analysed using descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistic 20 and Microsoft Excel. Relationship between HG and BCS on pregnant cow followed a regression equation Y= 0.0721X - 4.447 (R2 = 68,3%) and on an-pregnant cow followed Y= 0.0953X - 7.3978 (R2 = 68,3%). The relationship between heart girth and body condition scoring is very close and can be used to predict pregnancy ability in cows. The regression equation will greatly help smallholder farmers in the participatory breeding system.
The quality of frozen semen of Etawah crossbreed buck after washing by centrifugation
Authors: Masturi  , Sriana D , Yusuf M , Hasbi  , Toleng A L , Sahiruddin  , Jamili M A
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of washing sperms using the centrifugation process on the semen quality of Etawah crossbreed (Peranakan Etawah, PE) buck. This study used one PE buck, in which the semen was collected 4 times by using an artificial vagina. The parameters measured in the study were the percentage of motility and viability of the sperms using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). The semen was washed using Andromed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes. Andromed was used as an extender to increase the volume of semen based on sperms concentration in the straw. The concentration of sperms was divided into three treatment groups; group 1, the concentration of sperms was 100×106 cells/straw, group 2 was 150×106 cells/straw, and group 3 was 200×106 cells/straw. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications and analyzed using ANOVA. The results of this study showed that the percentage of individual motility of the sperms after thawing on the three treatments did not differ significantly (P>0.05), with the values were 79.2%, 77.5%, 84.4%, respectively. The progressive motility was 63.2%, 64.4%, and 73.9%, respectively, and the viability was 84.6%, 84.6%, and 84.6%, respectively. It can be concluded that the quality of Etawah crossbreed frozen semen after washing using centrifugation and at different concentrations in the straw was able to maintain the motility and viability of the semen after thawing.
Estrus expression of dairy cows after calving with and without using cooling system
Authors: Akbar J , Yusuf M , Toleng A L , Masturi  , Sahiruddin
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to compare the estrus expression of postpartum Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows with and without the cooling system in Cendana, Enrekang. A total of 9 postpartum FH dairy cows were used in this study, 3 of them were placed in the cold house and the other 6 cows were placed without a cooling system. The feeding consisted of forage, rice bran, and water, which was free access; ad libitum. The parameters measured in this study were (1) the signs of secondary estrus signs, such as vulva condition, mating behavior, mucus secretions, and (2) the duration of estrus, which was counting from the first estrus to the last observation where the cows were no longer showing the estrus symptoms. These parameters were compared by using the t-test. The results showed that the cervical mucus of dairy cows with the cold house was clearer intensity than those without a cooling system (66.7 vs. 16.7%). The changing behavior of dairy cows with cold houses showed higher intensity than without cold houses (100 vs. 67%). The duration of estrus in dairy cows with cooling had significantly (P<0.05) longer than those without cooling (24.4±1.5 vs. 18.3±2.2 hours). It can be concluded that the signs of secondary estrus for those dairy cows in the cooling system showed a clear appearance than those dairy cows without a cooling system. The duration of estrus with a cooling system was longer than without a cooling system.
Enteric methane mitigation by using seaweed Eucheuma cottonii
Authors: Widiawati Y , Hikmawan D
Published: June 2021

Methane is one of greenhouse gasses cause global climate change. Sources of methane emitted by livestock are from enteric fermentation during feed digestion in the rumen of ruminant animals and from manure of ruminant and non ruminant. Methane enteric contributes the largest portion of total gas emitted by livestock. Therefore, mitigation strategy of enteric methane production is become the important issue. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Eucheuma cottonii (EC) seaweed added to basal diet on enteric methane production and fermentation kinetics by using in vitro method. Three level of EC were added to basal diet of Elephant Grass (EG), they were P0 = EG+ 0% EC; P1 = EG + 4% EC; P2 = EG + 8% EC; dan P3 = EG + 12% EC. All treatment was replicate five times. Variables measured were total and methane gas produced, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, pH, and ammonia concentration; rumen protozoa and bacterial population. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Tukey test. The results showed that increasing level of EC on EG followed by declining methane gas produced by 7.66% ; 9.93%; and 16.74%, respectively (P<0.01); increased total bacteria population up to 169.7%, reduced protozoa population up to 69.2%; increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility (P<0.01). It is concluded that supplementation of E. cottonii on elephant grass basal diet on dose level of 4%, 8% and 12% reduced CH4 production as well as increased digestibility of the feed. The best level of E. cottonii supplementation in reducing CH4 production was 12% with can give reduction effect on CH4 up to 16.74% and increasing on digestibility up to 11.17%.
Effect of differences in fermentation process methods of cattle hair waste on the properties of hair protein concentrate
Authors: Gau M R , Said M I , Jamila  , Yuliati F N
Published: June 2021

Cattle hide cracker processing industry is one of the industries that produces a large amount of hair waste. Cattle hair waste (CHW) contains a fairly complete nutritional composition. The CHW has the potential to be produced into hair protein concentrate (HPC) for the provision of animal feed. The fermentation method of CHW was identified to affect the properties of the HPC. This study aims to evaluate the effect of applying different fermentation methods on the CHW to the properties of HPC. The research was designed experimentally using a completely randomized (CRD) design with a unidirectional pattern of 4 treatments with 3 replications. A total of 4 fermentation methods were applied, namely R1 = CHW + Bacillus subtilis; R2 = CHW + Cooking pressure + Bacillus subtilis bacteria; R3 = CHW + NaOH 5% + Bacillus subtilis; R4 = CHW + Cooking pressure + 5% NaOH + Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the different fermentation methods of CHW had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the characteristics of the HPC. The test results regarding crude fiber content obtained values ranging from 1.20 to 4.59%. Fat content is in the range of 6.32-8.69%, while the ash content is in the range of 1.41-2.45%. The application of the R2 fermentation process method shows the best treatment in terms of its ability to reduce the amount of crude fiber in the HPC from CHW.
The total plate count, Staphylococcus aureus, and pH value of raw chicken meat sold at the traditional markets in Maros regency
Authors: Kuncara M C , Yuliati F N , Prahesti K I
Published: June 2021

Chicken meat sold in traditional markets generally has not implemented proper sanitation procedures. Chicken meat is easily damaged and has the potential to cause illness due to contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterium that causes food poisoning. This study aimed to determine the total bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and pH chicken meat from the traditional market in Maros. This research was conducted by the survey method and observing market conditions. A total of 24 samples of chicken meat obtained from four Maros traditional markets were examined using the pour plate method to enumerate the total bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. The results were then analyzed descriptively. The pH value data were analyzed using analysis of variance, then further testing using the least significant difference. The results showed that the total bacteria in the four Maros traditional markets was 25% according to SNI, ranging from 4.8×105–6.8×106 CFU/g. Based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7388-2009 [1] all chicken meat samples did not meet the standard of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The pH values of all chicken meat samples were in the normal range according to SNI 6.2–6.7, respectively.
Strengthening of agent extension capacity in efforts to improve the empowerment of beef cattle farmers
Authors: Abdullah A , Jamil M H , Mustabi J , Asnawi A
Published: June 2021

Farmer empowerment is an effort to build power and provide motivation so that farmers can find out their potential and can make decisions and determine the actions they will take related to themselves, including reducing the effects of personal and social barriers to taking action through increased self-confidence through the transfer of power from the environment. To achieve farmer empowerment is closely related to the capacity of extension workers. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the capacity of extension workers in the empowerment of beef cattle farmers. The research was conducted in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province with a descriptive research approach. The determination of extension agents as respondents is randomly calculated based on Slovin, with the number of respondents being 44 extension workers. The research data was collected by conducting a survey using data collection techniques, namely interviews using a questionnaire, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews (in-depth study) to several key informants. The results showed that the capacity of extension workers in the efforts to empower beef cattle farmers with indicators of extension capacity in fostering partnerships between farmers and business actors, providing up-to-date information and technology, fostering entrepreneurship, breeder access to financial institutions, information on production and marketing facilities, ability in the technical field and the capacity of extension workers in planning programs according to needs are still in the medium category. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the quality and quantity of extension workers through strengthening the capacity of extension workers through education and training so that it can influence changes in farmers’ mindsets on knowledge, attitudes and skills so that the welfare and empowerment of beef cattle farmers can be achieved.
Dry matter production and quality of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan applied different fertilizer
Authors: Syam N , Hasan S , Rusdy M
Published: June 2021

Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan is a tropical forage developed and used as a ruminant feed source. This grass not only high in production and quality but also grow well with sufficient fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine the best response of fertilization on the production and quality of Taiwan grass. The research was conducted on pasture for 2 months at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin. The study was arranged to completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications i.e. T0 = without any fertilizer inputs; T1= 100% of urea; T2 = 100% of compost; T3 = 75% of urea and 25% of compost; T4 = 50% of urea and 50% of compost; and P5 = of 25% urea and 75% of compost, respectively. Taiwan grass is used in the form of 2 pools in each polybag. The compost was applied in 2 weeks before planting and urea fertilizer was applied after 2 weeks of planting. The result showed that input of urea and compost fertilizer have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the production and quality of Taiwan grass. Therefore, the application of a combination of 50% urea fertilizer and 50% of compost fertilizer provided a better response to dry matter production and quality compared with other treatments.
Effects of different level of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and production of Cichorium intybus at the eighth regrowth
Authors: Tilova A M , Umami N , Suhartanto B , Astuti A , Suseno N
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cichorium intybus were cultivated on a 1x1.5 m plot. Treatments on this study were different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0 kg/ha (N0); 25 kg/ha (N1); and 50 kg/ha (N2), with 3 replications on each treatment. Fertilizing was performed once, on day-5 of the growing phase. The height and length of the plants were recorded once a week for 21 days. The Cichorium intybus were defoliated on day-21. For the harvesting, the plants were cut 7.5 cm above the soil. Variables observed in this study include vegetative growth parameters (height and length of the plant, length of the leaf, the width of the leaf, and several leaves) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) productions). All data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test for significantly different results. According to this study, the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected (P-value <0.05) plant height and length, length and width of leaf, and biomass production. The highest production was obtained on the group receiving 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, which produced 16.74 ton/ha fresh production, 1.36 ton/ha DM, and 1.10 ton/ha OM. Hence, it can be concluded that 50 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer treatment yields the highest production.
Communal grazing area is as a potential source of calves in dry Sumbawa Island, Indonesia: the improvement of opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hilmiati N , Dahlanuddin  , Panjaitan T
Published: June 2021

Sumbawa island is one of cattle centre in Indonesia characterized by grazing system. Most farmers practice integrated crop-livestock system with cattle and rice and or maize being the most common commodities. This paper provided understanding on communal grazing system in Sumbawa, its potency as a source of calves and its opportunity and challenges for improvement. A study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 for three largest communal grazing areas in Sumbawa Island, Lar Badi, Gili Rakit and Doro Ncanga, respectively. Most cattle live on grazing land during the harvest season and return to the village after harvest to graze the remaining crops. Herds were dominated by cows, calves, and young bulls. Despite being a potential source of calves and hign in carrying capacity, these areas have common problems such as lack of feed and high calf mortality. At the same time, crop residue available abundantly nearby, yet underutilized due to the labour, transporting cost, and lack of the knowledge. It is concluded that communal grazing areas plays a significant role as calves and feeder producing centre in the dry island of Sumbawa. However, the farmer’s awareness and capacity need to be improved for better management to solve the problems and good pasture management in the communal grazing.
The level of rice bran usage in the growth of local chickens reared in rural areas
Authors: Rohaeni E S , Bakrie B , Subhan A , Ahmad S N
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the level of rice bran usage in the growth of local chickens raised in rural areas. It was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design , consisting of 4 types of feed as treatments with 4 replications. Each replication consisted of 10 chickens of one week old so that the total number of chickens used was 160. The treatments were commercial feed mixed with rice bran as follows: a) T1: 50% rice bran, b) T2: 60% rice bran, c) T3: 70% rice bran, d) T4: 80% rice bran. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks, consisting of 3 weeks adaptation period and 9 weeks observation period. The parameters observed were a) daily weight gain (DWG), b) feed consumption ratio (FCR), c) protein efficiency ratio (PER), d) energy efficiency ratio , and e) revenue/cost (R/C) ratio. Data were analyzed using the computer program of SPSS version 24.0. In case a difference occurs between the treatments, data were further analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study revealed that feed treatments had significant effects on all parameters observed. It can be concluded that the T1 feed ration had the best response to the DWG (17.2 g/bird/d), FCR (4.43) and R/C ratio (1.39).
The effect of zonation in the closed house broiler on the litter Escherichia coli count and ammonia concentration
Authors: Badrah N , Malaka R , Daryatmo  , Prahesti K I , Hajrawati
Published: June 2021

The closed house is designed in length model form to provide differences in temperature, humidity and wind speed between the zone close to the inlet and the zone far from the inlet. This difference in environmental conditions has not been widely studied, especially for the growth of microorganisms present in the litter, especially Escherichia coli from chicken faeces contamination. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that normally occurs in the digestive tract and will be pathogenic if the numbers are excessive and outside the digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the total E. coli bacteria in litter zoning in closed house facility. This is very important to be used as a reference in considering the proper litter handling. In this study, the closed house enclosure is formed 4 zones (zone 1 is 0-30 m from the inlet, zone 1 is 30-60 m from the inlet, zone 3 is 60-90 m from the inlet, and zone 4 is 90-120 m from the inlet. inlet). Each zone is 20×30 meters in size. The research was conducted using a sample of litter by taking 10 gr from each zone. The samples were then planted on EMBA (Eosin Methylene Blue Agar) media based on SNI 19-2897: 1993 work guidelines. The results showed that the total average of E. coli bacteria in zone 1 was 5.3×107 CFU/g, 2.5×107 CFU/dg in zone 2, 3.8×107 CFU/g in zone 3, and 5.4×107 CFU/g in zone 4. These results indicated that zoning did not affect the total E. coli bacteria on the litter so that it can be concluded that environmental conditions in the form of temperature, humidity, and wind speed in the zoning in the closed house were quite even. During the maintenance period, litter scraping was performed on the 7th day in zones 1 and 2, the 14th day in zones 3 and 4, and the 21st day in zones 1 and 2. On the 21st day, the litter bed is reversed in zone 3 and 4. Then add new husks on the 28th day. The conclusion showed that the treatment was effective in reducing the total E. coli bacteria in litter.
The study of aloe vera powder effect as feed additive on the performance of broiler
Authors: Riswanda N , Mujnisa A , Hakim M R
Published: June 2021

Prolonged use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in poultry ration has resulted in residual effect on poultry products. Therefore, the demand for natural substances that have antibiotic properties to replace AGP is increasing nowadays. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a nutritious plant and has various biological active compounds that reported have a beneficial effect on broiler chicken. The objective of the research was to determine the best level of dietary Aloe vera supplementation on the performance of broiler chicken. A total of 80 day-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were divided into four treatment groups with four replicates (5 chicks each). All chicks were raised for 42 days in the 16 pen (100 x 100 x 50 cm) equipped with rice hulls as bedding material, a feeder and a drinker. Chickens in the control group were fed with basal feed and for the next three group, chickens were fed with basal feed supplemented with Aloe vera for 0.75, 0.1, and 0.125%, respectively. In general, although there were no significant differences of all performance parameters among treatments found during experiment, chicken from supplemented group have a tendency to consume more feed, grew faster and higher feed efficiency compared to the control group. It seems that, increasing the level of Aloe vera flour in the ration is needed to improve the performance of broilers reared under tropical conditions.
Blood profile and nutrients digestibility of native chickens fed functional diets with different energy and protein level
Authors: Hafsah  , Sarjuni S , Mozin S , Fatmawati  , Malewa A , Sucipto I N , Saifuddin S
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine the blood profile, pH value of the small intestine and nutrient digestibility of native chickens fed functional diets with different energy and protein levels. The study used 192 DOC of native chickens with rearing up to 14 weeks old. The study was designed in a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the energy level (E1 = 2,800 kcal, E2 = 3,000 kcal), and the second factor was the protein level (P1 = 18%; P2 = 19%; P3 = 20%; P4 = 21%), each treatment had 4 replications. The feed ingredients used as functional feed in the ingredients of the ration i.e. yellow corn, rice bran, fish meal, soybeans grain, moringa leaves flour, turmeric flour, and Topmix® with the feed composition according to the treatment applied. Blood sampling, measurement of pH duodenum segment of the small intestine, and measurement of nutrient digestibility were performed on chickens after 12 weeks of age. The variables observed were blood profile, small intestinal pH, and nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance according to the design applied. The results showed that the effect of interaction between energy and protein level had a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on blood profile (hemoglobin, leucocyte, erythrocytes, platelets), small intestine pH, and nutrient digestibility. Similarly, also found the influence of a single factor of each energy and protein level. However, the treatments influenced a significant effect (P<0.05) on hematocrit and blood bilirubin values, and a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on total blood cholesterol. The study concluded that energy levels and protein levels had influenced significantly on blood profile, but not in pH intestine and nutrient digestibility.
The role of Garut Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Garut, sheep business supporting community economic development
Authors: Rusdiana S , Talib C , Adiati U , Kusumaningrum D A , Sutedi E , Fanindi A
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the Garut Agricultural Science and Technology Park (TSTP) by running the Garut sheep business, to support the economic development of livestock farming communities. This research was conducted by purposive sampling and interviews and questionnaires on 3 nucleus farmers in TSTP Garut and 20 plasma farmers outside TSTP, in Garut Regency, West Java Province in 2018. Data were collected in the form of primary data obtained directly from farmers and secondary data from the local Office of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry and several other parties. Primary and secondary data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, calculated based on an analysis of the balance of R/C receipts. Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Production (IRIAP) has developed science and technology at TSTP Garut, which was distributed to plasma farmers at outside of TSTP Garut. Technology and innovation increased the productivity of Garut sheep efficiently and develop improvements in farmers’ businesses and income. The results showed that the profit of nucleus farmers was IDR 3,308,334/year with an R/C value of 1.09. The benefit of plasma farmers was IDR 1,608,334/year with an R/C ratio of 1.01. Garut sheep business in nucleus and plasma farmers was economically feasible to be cultivated again.
Productivity and business income of Sentul Selected-Kampung Unggul Balitnak (SenSe-KUB) chicken breeders in Bone Bolango Regency Gorontalo Province
Authors: Fadwiwati A Y , Surya  , Rosdiana
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to determine productivity and analyzed the business income of Sentul Selected-Kampung Unggul Balitnak (SenSe-KUB) chicken breeders. This research is descriptive. Data collection techniques were field observation, interviews, note-taking and literature study. Data collected from direct observation in the field at SenSe-KUB chicken breeders and tabulated then transferred into tabular form according to analysis needs. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically. The results obtained showed that the productivity of the SenSe-KUB chickens in the breeders kept in 2 periods with different numbers (average feed conversion, egg production, peak production, age at first laying eggs, the lowest average production, the highest average production, 10–12 months of egg budding, 10–12 months of hatchability, 10–12 months of eggs entering the hatchery and the average body weight of males and females aged four and five months) was different for each period. Furthermore, the average number of eggs hatched in period-2 was more when compared to period-1. Then the average sprouting power for period-1 was 83.35% and period-2 was 87.3%; the average hatchability for period-1 was 73.56% and period-2 85.45; the average of embryo mortality in period-1 was 23.29% and period-2 was 12.61%; the average number of DOC period-1 was 182.29 and period-2 was 668.65. The results of the business analysis showed that the SenSe-KUB chicken breeding business of 1,000 in Tunggulo Village breeders had been managed efficiently which could be observed from the R/C ratio of 1.34. The Selected SenSe-KUB chicken breeding business is a potential source of income.
Analysis of factors affecting to the income of Bali cattle farmers in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Indrawirawan  , Suwignyo B , Kusumastuti T A
Published: June 2021

South Sulawesi is an area of development of native Bali cattle in Indonesia. Bali cattle farming are playing an essential role in supporting the economy of household farmers. This research aimed to analyze the factors that affect to the income of Bali cattle farmers. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 in Barru regency, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The total number of respondents was 121 farmers, including 75 respondents on the Bali cattle breeding enterprise and 46 respondents on the fattening enterprise. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, while determining the factors that affect to income using Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that factors affecting to the income of farmers were the number of Bali cattle ownership and the dummy for non-formal education (livestock training). The factor that negatively affects was the dummy for the cattle production system. Improvement in calving interval of cows parameter and average daily weight gain of bulls can increase income. Manure utilization can generate more revenue. This study suggested that the government provide more variety and more frequent livestock training and procurement of cows and bulls.
Poverty alleviation of beef cattle farmers through empowerment approach critical awareness-based
Authors: Rasyid T G , Rohani St , Hatta M , Darwis M
Published: June 2021

The issue that occurs in the community is that beef cattle farmers are helpless or poor in the financial economy, on the other hand, government programs continue to flow to the community with the hope that in a few years the farmers will be independent or run their own business without dependence on other parties. However, the reality is that until now the poverty of these farmers has not yet been resolved. Poverty occurs as a result of the empowerment principle approach that has not touched beef cattle farmers according to Ta’awum and Shura (QS. Al- Maidah: 5.2). To get the answer, this research was carried out in succession (1) determining the research location; (2) conducted pre-research, namely survey, focused group discussion; (3) determination of variables and indicators; (4) establish research objectives to get a picture of the critical awareness of beef cattle farmers based on the principles of Ta’awum and Shura, so that the answers obtained are the contribution of this research; (5) determine the type of research, namely quantitative descriptive; (6) data collection techniques by direct and in-depth interviews using a questionnaire to 25 beef cattle farmers who were determined intentionally; (7) data analysis tools that have been collected using descriptive statistics; (8) to facilitate the analysis in processing data, a 3-level categorization approach is used based on a Likert scale, namely high = 3, medium = 2, and low = 1; (9) determine the research results. The conclusions of the research showed that the farmers have not gotten out of poverty because the empowerment model has not focused on critical awareness factors and strengthening the institutional capacity of beef cattle farmers. There were still limited to help beef cattle farmers without being preceded by training, mentoring, monitoring and evaluation and continuous control, this was indicated by the value of critical awareness on strengthening institutional capacity and the process of understanding/ monitoring the program, namely the medium category with a score of 1.47 and 1.50 respectively.
Identification of socioeconomic profile of Kembang Joyo Honey consumers in Batu City
Authors: Masyithoh D , Hartono B , Fanani Z , Radiati L E , Febrianto N
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to identify the socioeconomic profile of consumers of Kembang Joyo Honey. The research was conducted from October to November 2019 at several Kembang Joyo outlets in Batu City. The selected respondents were consumers who visited sales outlets in Batu city using the accidental sampling method. The data analysis used was descriptive statistics. The results showed that based on age, 41% of respondents were dominated by aged 31–40 years. Respondents were dominated by female (52%). Respondents who visited sales outlets, 37% worked as employees, with their education level mostly from Senior High School (45%) and they came from the East Java area.