bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciencia e imaginación en la apreciación estética de la naturaleza. Una aproximación a la obra de Tim Birkhead y John Baker
Authors: Arribas Herguedas Fernando
Published: October 2015

Este artículo esboza una perspectiva moderadamente pluralista de la apreciación estética de la naturaleza que armoniza la tesis central del modelo cognitivista científico de Allen Carlson con los enfoques que otorgan un papel crucial a la imaginación, como los desarrollados por Ronald Hepburn y Emily Brady. Para ello, se recurre a la lectura paralela de dos obras que no son estrictamente filosóficas: Bird Sense, del biólogo Tim Birkhead, y The Peregrine de John A. Baker. Ambas obras comparten el intento de contemplar el mundo desde una conciencia diferente, lo que exige el concurso simultáneo del método científico y del esfuerzo imaginativo propio del discurso filosófico y la sensibilidad estética.
Realismo español: palabras y cosas
Authors: Mora García José Luis
Published: October 2015

Muchas y varias han sido las interpretaciones que ha merecido la expresión “realismo español” como una forma “sui generis” de  relación entre el hombre y la realidad tanto en los planos epistemológico como en el moral y político. María Zambrano desarrolló en sus primeras conferencias en tierras mexicanas una interesante aproximación a partir de sus anteriores reflexiones en Hora de España que son analizadas en este artículo. De Unamuno y Ortega evolucionó a una posición propia muy interesante que partiendo de una filosofía de la historia de España se constituye en una propuesta plenamente filosófica sin fronteras
libertad de conciencia en J. M. Blanco White. Para una crítica a las Cortes de Cádiz
Authors: López Muñoz Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2015

Con la referencia axial de Cartas de España, este artículo aborda la evolución del concepto de libertad de conciencia en José María Blanco White, desde su obra juvenil en el Semanario Patriótico o en el periódico El Español, hasta obras de madurez como España o Autobiografía. De forma específica, se pone de manifiesto su comprensión de la libertad de conciencia, en el marco de la cuestión religiosa, en la medida que presenta una serie de implicaciones jurídico-políticas que poseen un particular interés para la actualidad en relación a la reflexión sobre el proceso histórico de juridización en España, tanto de la libertad religiosa como de la propia libertad de conciencia.
THE ROLE OF KETAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CANCER PAIN
Authors: Zgaia Armeana Olimpia , Irimie Alexandru , Sandesc Dorel , Vlad Catalin , Lisencu Cosmin , Rogobete Alexandru , Achimas-Cadariu Patriciu
Published: October 2015

Background and aim. Ketamine is a drug used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, for the treatment of postoperative and posttraumatic acute pain, and more recently, for the reduction of postoperative opioid requirements. The main mechanism of action of ketamine is the antagonization of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors that are associated with central sensitization. In the pathogenesis of chronic pain and particularly in neuropathic pain, an important role is played by the activation of NMDA receptors. Although ketamine is indicated and used for the treatment of chronic cancer pain as an adjuvant to opioids, there are few clinical studies that clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of ketamine in this type of pain.The aim of this study is to analyze evidence-based clinical data on the effectiveness and safety of ketamine administration in the treatment of chronic neoplastic pain, and to summarize the evidence-based recommendations for the use of ketamine in the treatment of chronic cancer pain.Method. We reviewed the literature from the electronic databases of MEDLINE, COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDSCAPE (1998-2014), as well as chapters of specialized books (palliative care, pain management, anesthesia).Results. A number of studies support the effectiveness of ketamine in the treatment of chronic cancer pain, one study does not evidence clear clinical benefits for the use of ketamine, and some studies included too few patients to be conclusive.Conclusions. Ketamine represents an option for neoplasic pain that no longer responds to conventional opioid treatment, but this drug should be used with caution, and the development of potential side effects should be carefully monitored.
The relevance of personality assessment in estimating the risk of onset and the outcome of major depressive disorder
Authors: Nemes Bogdan , Cozman Doina
Published: October 2015

The study of the relationship between the psychobiological model of temperament and character on one side and the development and evolution of major depressive disorder on the other side has drawn some attention in the past two decades, especially since a diagnosis model based on fewer diagnostic categories and a more phenomenological and person oriented approach seems to be supported other research and current state-of-the art therapeutic practices, which are based more on descriptive clinical data than on the current diagnostic categories.The aim of this paper was to review the latest developments in this area, but in the context of the initial development of the psychobiological model of temperament and character, i.e. as a tool for the comprehensive diagnosis of depressed individuals.Data published so far supports the following observations: (1) high harm avoidance and low self-directedness are risk factors for the development of major depressive disorder, but further research is needed to clearly establish the role of the other dimensions or their facets as predictors for the development of a depressive episode; (2) although some evidence has been obtained so far regarding the use of harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness in predicting treatment response in major depressive disorder, further research is needed to clarify and/or to replicate these findings; and (3) data on temperament and character dimensions related to relapse in major depressive disorder are insufficient, although some evidence has been brought to support the hypothesis that high harm avoidance scores, and low self-directedness and novelty seeking scores might serve as predictors, further prospective studies need to be carried out to establish their utility in this respect.
Reconstruction of the abdominal wall in anatomical plans. Pre and post – operative keys in repairing “cold’’ incisional hernias.
Authors: Popa Florina , Rosca Oana , Georgescu Alexandru , Cannistra Claudio
Published: October 2015

Background and aims. The clinical results of the vertical "vest-over-pants" Mayo repair were evaluated, and the risk factors for incisional hernia recurrence were studied. The purpose of this study is to point out the importance of reducing pre and post operative risk factors in the incisional hernia repair process in order to achieve a physiologically normal abdominal wall.Methods. Twenty patients diagnosed with incisional hernia underwent an abdominal reconstruction procedure using the Mayo (Paletot) technique at Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital between 2005 and 2015. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon and all patients were pre-operatively prepared, identifying all coexisting conditions and treating them accordingly before undergoing surgery.Results. All patients underwent at least one surgical operation before the hernia repair procedure and a quarter had experienced at least three, prior to this one. Nine patients had a body mass index of >30 kg/m2. Additional risk factors and comorbidities included obesity in 45%, diabetes mellitus in 10%, smoking in 55%, and high blood pressure in 40%.Hernia defect width was from 3 cm (25% F) to 15 cm (5% M) of which nine patients (45%) had a 10 cm defect. Most of the patients had an average hospitalization of 7 days. The patients were carefully monitored and were called on periodic consultations  after 3, 6, and 12 months from the moment of the procedure. Patient feedback regarding  hernia recurrence and complaints about the scar were noted. Physical examination is essential in determining the hernia recurrence therefore the scar was examined for any abnormalities that may  have occurred, which was defined as any palpable or detected fascial defect located within seven centimeters of the hernia repair. Post-operative complications: seroma formation, wound hematoma, superficial and deep wound infection, recurrences and chronic pain were followed and no complications were registered during the follow-up period.Conclusions. Reducing the risk factors to a minimum prior to surgery will increase the success of the incisional hernia repair and generate a positive impact on the patient’s quality of life. The lofty goal of significant weight loss prior to elective hernia has shown to be the key factor in using the Mayo technique for incisional hernia repair. This study demonstrates that the Mayo repair technique is a suitable and trustworthy  alternative for repairing incisional hernias with very good results. It’s costs are minimal and it can be easily reproduced, even by less experienced surgeons.
Statistical reporting in the "Clujul-Medical" journal
Authors: Leucuța Daniel-Corneliu , Drugan Tudor , Achimaș Andrei
Published: October 2015

Background and aim. Medical research needs statistical analyses to understand the reality of variable phenomena. There are numerous studies showing poor statistical reporting in many journals with different rankings, in different countries. Our aim was to assess the reporting of statistical analyses in original papers published in Clujul Medical journal in the year 2014.Methods. All original articles published in Clujul Medical in the year 2014 were assessed using mainly Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature guidelines.Results. The most important issues found in reporting statistical analyses were reduced reporting of:  assumptions checking, difference between groups or measures of associations, confidence intervals for the primary outcomes, and errors in the statistical test choice or the descriptive statistic choice for several analyses. These results are similar with other studies assessing different journals worldwide.Conclusion. Statistical reporting in Clujul Medical, like in other journals, have to be improved.
INCREASE THE RESOURCE OF CURRENT COLLECTOR ELEMENTS OF THE ELECTRIFIED HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORT IN OPERATING CONDITIONS
Authors: Bolshakov Y. L. , Antonov A. V.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The paper is aimed to determinate the main ways of increasing resource efficiency and exploitation of coal current collector surface inserts of speed electric rolling stock. Methodology. The research is based on the technique relies on the use of theory regulations of technical systems reliability, electromechanical processes, theory of statistics. Findings. The existing approaches to the production of current collector surface inserts in Europe and Ukraine were considered, a number of information sources was analyzed. The most effective ways of increasing current carrying capacity and wear resistance of current collector elements were determined. It has been established that the existing system for determining the quality of manufacturing of current collector elements have a number of drawbacks that make it difficult to control the input and makes diagnosing current collecting elements in operation impossible. On the basis of the facts, for the needs of the locomotive depot, we propose a new booth allowing avoiding the existing difficulties with diagnosing of current collector elements. During the study were established pervasive transgressions of technological standards of service pantographs. Originality. Based on the results of operational research carried out on the basis of the locomotive depot, obtained depending, based on which, it is proposed to introduce an operative diagnosing system of the current collector elements state during operation. In the course of a comparative analysis of existing and perspective development directions of current collector elements with high load current carrying capacity and durability, were definited constructive conditions for the optimal ratio is inserts. It was established that a significant proportion of failures occur due to imperfect maintenance system for which, on the basis of operational data, recommendations were developed. Practical value. Obtained results of the information sources analysis determine the need to implement coal inserts copper component in material, which will increase the load current carrying capacity of the current collectors. The numerous shortcomings of existing diagnostic systems carbon of current collector inserts skids pantographs were established, the solution of them should be the basis for the development of new means and diagnostic systems of current collector elements. It can improve service life of inserts and arrange culling of substandard of current collector inserts. The imperfect system maintenance of pantographs was established. The requirements increasing to this system will significantly reduce the amount of breakages caused by an increased transitive resistance in the «insert – pantograph».
ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS IMPACT IN ELEMENTS OF THE RAIL FASTENING, TYPE КПП-5 ON A SIZE OF PRESSING FORCE OF THE RAIL TO THE SUBRAIL BASIS
Authors: Nastechik N. P. , Marcul R. V. , Savytskyi V. V.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The railway transport is one of the most important links in economy of Ukraine, and it is a basis of its transport system. As the majority of freight transportation of coal and metallurgical industry is conducted by railway transport, its effective use is a necessary condition of stabilization and development in economy of Ukraine. One of the strategic works connected with implementation of high-speed train service in Ukraine is the reliable work ensuring of connection of intermediate rail fastening during operation. For engineering works, according to the contents and repair of fastenings the considerable share of labor expenses during operation of a way is necessary. One of domestic intermediate fastenings which after long operational supervision has implemented into continuous operation is the fastening, type КПП-5. This fastening is a prototype of the Polish rail fastening type SB-3. After the long operation in fastenings, type KПП-5, a number of the shortcomings connected with premature refusal of its elements was revealed. This in generally is connected with intensive reduction of size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis. Therefore the purpose is the development of a technique and practical control devices concerning a condition of work of a rail fastening knot, type KПП-5 at operation. Methodology. The assessment of various factors impact at a size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis in the knot of a rail fastening, type KПП-5 at operation is the foundation of the research method. Findings. By means of the developed technique and practical control devices it was established: the general reduction of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis during one  mill. tons gross., taking into account influence of various factors, may constitute  kN. Originality. Accordingly to the obtained results the author firstly described and expressed by empirical dependence the process of change of pressing force of a rail to a subrail basis in a fastening, type KПП-5 after the admission of T, one mill. tons gross. Practical value. The device design is developed for control of elastic properties and a numerical assessment of pressing force decrease of the terminal to a rail depending on the passed tonnage.
INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS SYSTEMS DESIGN AND EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION
Authors: Khalipova N. V.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. In the paper the question of the  development of a methodological approach to the determination of logistics systems’ performance and grounding of the most effective goods’ delivery schemes, based on the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) is considered. Methodology. To achieve the goals of the research, the model of logistic system represented by multiple object that defined by the structure and content. The object is represented by hybrid superposition, composed of sets, multi-sets, ordered sets (lists) and inhomogeneous sets (sequences, corteges), which at each stage of cargo delivery present sets of technological operations of their processing, choices and decisions algorithms. Multiple structure of objects is constructive three, consisting of the carrier, signatures and axiomatic. To determine the effective scheme of delivery, applied discrete maximum principle using vector optimization criterion. Findings. In this article, logistics system of delivery is presented in the form of a multi-stage (phase) of the process. Each stage reviews a plurality of discrete activities sets, which includes the possible technology cycles of operations in goods handling. At each stage of a multi-phase delivery process from the supplier to the consumer, these sets are different. Considered a model example solving the problem of vector optimization options for delivery of goods by the road in the international logistics system for the five-step process. Optimization performed on the basis of three indicators.  Originality. In this paper, the choice of the most effective way of delivery goods produced using the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, using the discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes, based on the vector optimization criterion. At each of its stages are formed a plurality of valid solutions as discrete sets of technological cargo handling operations cycles. Practical value. The proposed approach to the modeling of logistic delivery goods systems on the basis of the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) makes it possible to assess the efficiency of delivery in logistic system’s modeling. The choose the most effective delivery option, based on vector optimization criterion become more possible.
THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF VIBRATION DAMPERS BY ROLLING FRICTION
Authors: Bondarenko L. M. , Yakovlev S. A. , Kramar I. E. , Shaptala A. I.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. There are some unresolved issues in vibration damping – the lack of engineering calculations for the vibration dampers by rolling friction; the absence of evidence of their application appropriateness. Considering this fact, the authors suggest to prove that the dampers based on rolling friction, are similar in rate of oscillation damping by hydraulic shock absorbers. At the same time, they are easier for the hydraulic design, and easily amenable to manual adjustment, both in automatic and manual mode. Methodology. Fixed techniques of practice in order to determine amplitudes of the oscillations of a shock absorber led to a predetermined result and will apply this theory in the calculation of other vibration dampers. Findings. Analysis of the formulas and graphs leads to the following conclusions and recommendations: 1) the nature of the oscillation damping at vibration dampers by rolling friction is close to their decay in the viscous resistance; 2) when conducting the necessary experiments the shock absorber rolling can be recommended as alternatives to hydraulic ones. The research results of this task will help implement the new trend in reduction of dynamic loads in vehicles. Originality. With the help of theoretical curves to determine the coefficients of rolling friction the dependences for determining the amplitudes of the oscillations in the vertical movement of cargo were obtained. At the same time, the previously proposed analytical dependence for determining the coefficient of rolling friction contains only conventional mechanical constants of the contacting bodies and there geometrical dimensions. Practical value. Due to the existing well-known disadvantages of hydraulic shock absorbers it would be logical to apply shock absorbers that are technologically convenient in manufacturing and easy to adjust the damping rate. The proposed theory can be used in the design of shock absorbers rolling as an alternative to the hydraulic shock absorbers of machines.
INFORMATIZATION: PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Authors: Kosolapov A. A.
Published: October 2015

Purpose.Computerization and informatization in recent decades gave the mankind automated electronic document management systems, automated process of production, Internet and network information resources WWW, expanded the communications capabilities and led to the globalization of the information society. At the same time gives rise to a number of processes of informatization philosophical and anthropological problems, that has become an existential character. It is necessary to identify and understanding of these issues on the basis of the gnoseological model of the evolution informatization paradigms and determine their main characteristics. Methodology. The system-activity approach was used; it allowed identifying and analyzing the impact of the main components of information and communication technologies (ICT) for educational activities. And further to present them as a unified system of human activity in conditions computerization/informatization. The philosophical principles: a comprehensive review of the subject, the unity of the logical and historical, ascending from the abstract to the concrete was used. The general scientific principles: unity and development of the system, the decomposition hierarchy, individualization and cooperation, diversity and taxonomy were applied. Findings.The three-stage gnoseological model of the paradigms computerization/informatization evolution was proposed by the author. It is based on three information system characteristics: speed, interface and data access. The seven-bar anthrop-centric model, which is called the architecture of information systems (AIS), which describes the changes in their types of procuring, was proposed for each paradigm. The philosophical-anthropological problems that affect negatively its progress were formulated for each stage of modern information society transformation. Originality. The gnoseological model of development processes of informatization in the form of three paradigms that are described by three characteristics was proposed. The advanced anthrop-centric model of the AIS was used for each paradigm specification. Features of philosophical and anthropological problems, that have a new ICT are formulated and disclosed. Practical value. The proposed model of the evolution of information society paradigms and knowledge of related problems will allow reducing the impact of negative trends in the global information society especially in the field of education and research activities.
METHODICAL APPROACH TO DEFINING INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENT OF THE COSTS FOR THE PARTICULAR PASSENGER TRAIN TRAFFIC
Authors: Barash Yu. S. , Kravchenko Kh. V. , Zianchuk M. F.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. In the scientific paper a methodical approach concerning determining the infrastructure component of the costs for traffic of the particular passenger train should be developed. It takes into account the individual characteristics of the particular train traffic. Methodology. To achieve the research purposes was used a method which is based on apportionment of expenses for the traffic of a particular passenger train taking into account the factors affecting the magnitude of costs. This methodology allows allocating properly infrastructure costs for a particular train and, consequently, to determine the accurate profitability of each train. Findings. All expenditures relating to passenger traffic of a long distance were allocated from first cost of passenger and freight traffic. These costs are divided into four components. Three groups of expenses were allocated in infrastructure component, which are calculated according to the certain principle taking into account the individual characteristics of the particular train traffic. Originality. The allocation method of all passenger transportation costs of all Ukrzaliznytsia departments for a particular passenger train was improved. It is based on principles of general indicators formation of each department costs, which correspond to the main influential factors of operating trains. The methodical approach to determining the cost of infrastructure component is improved, which takes into account the effect of the speed and weight of a passenger train on the wear of the railway track superstructure and contact network. All this allows allocating to reasonably the costs of particular passenger train traffic and to determine its profitability. Practical value. Implementing these methods allows calculating the real, economically justified costs of a particular train that will correctly determine the profitability of a particular passenger train and on this basis it allows to make management decisions on amendments to the existing schedule. Also, the cost of using the infrastructure for a particular train and its profitability can be determined with the help of PC due to this method.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OBTAINED IN TESTS ON FINISHED BOLTS AND TURNED SAMPLES
Authors: Gul Y. P. , Ivchenko A. V. , Kondratenko P. V. , Perchun G. I.
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The purpose of the work is provided by the system experimental study of the effect of strengthening the level of the ratio of complex mechanical properties of the finished bolts and peeled samples and analysis of the data on the basis of geometric and structural reinforcement. Methodology. A uniaxial tensile test was carried out on full-size bolts and the peeled samples to diameters of 10 mm and 8 mm at a testing machine FP - 100/1 recording full diagram of deformation and fracture. Findings. The level of strength of qualitatively and quantitatively has different effects on the characteristics of the ratio of resistance to plastic deformation and ductility characteristics ductile fracture resistance, determined on the finished bolts and peeled samples. At the same time, the analysis suggests that the combination of mechanical properties determined on finished bolts, the most adequate to their mechanical behavior during operation. This conclusion is particularly important for acceptance testing of bolts of strength class 8.8 or higher. Originality. For the first time experimentally shown that the system is functional cuts on specific metal products can have both hardening and softening effect on the characteristics of resistance to plastic deformation in terms of normal stress depending on the level of hardening and given an interpretation of the observed phenomena on the basis of changes in the ratio of the concentration of eg-tions and the degree of rigidity of the stress state in the cuts. Practical value. Limitation of mechanical tests are only willing bolts, other than greater consistency determines the properties of their structural strength bolts in the operation, reduce the overall time-consuming tests.
Health Insurance-Related Disparities in Lymphoma Survival Are Partly Mediated by Baseline Clinical Factors
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Foran James M.
Published: October 2015

It is important to separate socioeconomic factors affecting health care quality from confounders related to patients’ baseline status or disease biology when studying disparities in lymphoma survival.
Composição química e ácidos graxos da picanha de tourinhos alimentados com óleos protegidos ou não protegidos.
Authors: Oliveira Emanuel Almeida de , Sampaio Alexandre Amstalden Moraes , Henrique Wignez , Pivaro Thiago Martins , Rosa Bruna Laurindo , Fernandes Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes
Published: October 2015

Estratégias para melhorar os aspectos nutricionais da carne, principalmente a composição em ácidos graxos, tornaram-se importante objetivo para a comunidade científica. A utilização de diferentes fontes de óleo poderia ser uma ferramenta interessante devido à sua composição em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. A composição química e de ácidos graxos da picanha (Biceps femoris) de 35 tourinhos Nelore terminados em confinamento (96 dias) foram analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com uma dieta controle contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado sem óleo ou dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e concentrado com diferentes fontes de óleo (soja ou linhaça), protegido ou não de degradação ruminal. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. As médias foram comparadas usando contrastes ortogonais em nível de 5% de significância. Animais alimentados com dietas contendo óleo apresentaram teores mais elevados (P<0,05) de proteína e menores teores de cinza (P<0,05) na carne em relação àqueles alimentados com dieta controle. O óleo de linhaça reduziu (P<0,05) a concentração de colesterol em relação ao óleo de soja (37,70 e 43,80 mg/100 g, respectivamente). Por outro lado, o teor de colesterol da carne aumentou (P<0,05) para os animais alimentados com óleos protegidos em comparação aos não-protegidos (44,53 e 33,97 mg/100 g). O óleo adicionado às dietas resultou em maior (P<0,05) concentração do ácido graxo linolênico. O óleo de linhaça aumentou (P<0,05) os teores dos ácidos graxos C14:1, C16:1 e C18:1 n9. A adição de óleo de linhaça, seja protegido ou não, em dieta para tourinhos Nelore melhora a composição de ácidos graxos da picanha, aumentando a quantidade de ácidos graxos ômega-3 e melhorando a relação omega-6:omega-3.
A SURVEY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF OPPORTUNISTIC SPECTRUM ACCESS ATTACK WITH ITS PREVENTIVE SENSING PROTOCOLS IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS
Authors: Ravi Monisha , Ravi Nisha , Ravi N.
Published: October 2015

Recently, the expansive growth of wireless services, regulated by governmental agencies assigning spectrum to licensed users, has led to a shortage of radio spectrum. Since the FCC (Federal Communications Commissions) approved unlicensed users to access the unused channels of the reserved spectrum, new research areas seeped in, to develop Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), in order to improve spectrum efficiency and to exploit this feature by enabling secondary users to gain from the spectrum in an opportunistic manner via optimally distributed traffic demands over the spectrum, so as to reduce the risk for monetary loss, from the unused channels. However, Cognitive Radio Networks become vulnerable to various classes of threats that decrease the bandwidth and spectrum usage efficiency. Hence, this survey deals with defining and demonstrating framework of one such attack called the Primary User Emulation Attack and suggests preventive Sensing Protocols to counteract the same. It presents a scenario of the attack and its prevention using Network Simulator-2 for the attack performances and gives an outlook on the various techniques defined to curb the anomaly.
STUDY OF CIRCULATING COAL FLUIDIZED BOILERS
Authors: Hajra Sugato , Patra Abhishek Aditya
Published: October 2015

In the days of modernization, industrialization, technological world we find out a new method of steam production with help of coal. This state of act systems are manufactured over a range of 500 TPH.This boilers are highly efficient, multi coal firing capacity, less emission of so2 and nox gases, utilize high ignite cokes, petcoats,washery rejects. This survey paper is intended to comprehensively give an account of domain knowledge related to CFBC boiler. The authors touch upon the design changes which are introduced in the component levels in order to ease the operation, enhance the performance and to meet the regulatory compliance. In addition, salient correlations related to hydrodynamics, heat transfer and combustion are narrated to facilitate the control and system engineers to develop mathematical models using conservation of mass, energy and momentum equations.
EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT WAY OF REDUCE DEPENDENCY ON DATASET WITH THE HELP OF MAPREDUCE ON BIG DATA
Authors: Londhe Satish , Mahajan Smita
Published: October 2015

With the fast development of networks these days organizations has overflowing with the collection of millions of data with big number of combination. This big data challenges over trade troubles. It requires more analysis for the high-performance procedure. The new method of hadoop and MapReduce methods are discussed starting the data mining standpoint. In the proposed research work we have to progress performance through parallelization of different operations such as loading the information, index building and evaluating the queries. Thus the performance analysis is completed with the minimum of three nodes with in the Amazon cloud environment. Hbase is a open source, non-relational and distributed database model. It executes on the pinnacle of Hadoop. It consists of a single key with multiple values. Looping is avoid in retrieving a meticulous data from huge datasets and it consume less amount of time for execute the data. HDFS file system is used to store the data after performing arts the map reduces operations and the execution time is decreased when the amount of nodes gets increased. The performance analysis is tuned with the parameters such as the carrying out complexity.
Current and Emerging Themes in the Structural Analysis of Viral RNA Genomes: Applications for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Drugs
Authors: Romero-López Cristina , Berzal-Herranz Alfredo
Published: October 2015

RNA molecules assume different roles in many different biological processes. This functional diversity is intimately related to RNA folding. In recent years, advances in the field of structure analysis by high-throughput methodologies and the development of novel potent bioinformatic tools have enabled the first structural maps of the eukaryotic transcriptome and the further establishment of novel function-structure relationships. This important progress has been of special relevance in the field of molecular virology. Viral genomes are compact entities that require overlapping coding levels to bear all the genetic information required for viral propagation. This is achieved by the acquisition of functional RNA domains, structurally conserved encoding units that perform essential roles for the consecution of the viral cycle. Interfering with the activity of these structural elements offers a potential means of treating viral infections, such as that caused by the hepatitis C virus, HCV. This review summarizes major achievements in the development of emerging methodologies for the analysis of RNA folding and their application to the study of the HCV genome structure. It will also examine the progress toward the design of novel antiviral compounds based in nucleic acids able to interfere with the folding of functional RNA domains.
Processed Small RNAs in Archaea and BHB Elements
Authors: Berkemer Sarah Juliane , Höner zu Siederdissen Christian , Amman Fabian , Wintsche Axel , Will Sebastian , Hofacker Ivo , Prohaska Sonja , Stadler Peter
Published: October 2015

Bulge-helix-bulge (BHB) elements guide the enzymatic splicing machinery that in Archaea excises introns from tRNAs, rRNAs from their primary precursor, and accounts for the assembly of piece-wise encoded tRNAs. This processing pathway renders the intronic sequences as circularized RNA species. Although archaeal transcriptomes harbor a large number of circular small RNAs, it remains unknown whether most or all of them are produced through BHB-dependent splicing. We therefore conduct a genome-wide survey of BHB elements of a phylogenetically diverse set of archaeal species and complement this approach by searching for BHB-like structures in the vicinity of circularized transcripts. We find that besides tRNA introns, the majority of box C/D snoRNAs is associated with BHB elements. Not all circularized sRNAs, however, can be explained by BHB elements, suggesting that there is at least one other mechanism of RNA circularization at work in Archaea. Pattern search methods were unable, however, to identify common sequence and/or secondary structure features that could be characteristic for such a mechanism.
Visual Characterization of Misclassified Class C GPCRs through Manifold-based Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cardenas Martha Ivon , Vellido Alfredo , König Caroline , Alquezar René , Giraldo Jesús
Published: October 2015

G-protein-coupled receptors are cell membrane proteins of great interest in biology and pharmacology. Previous analysis of Class C of these receptors has revealed the existence of an upper boundary on the accuracy that can be achieved in the classification of their standard subtypes from the unaligned transformation of their primary sequences. To further investigate this apparent boundary, the focus of the analysis in this paper is placed on receptor sequences that were previously misclassified using supervised learning methods. In our experiments, these sequences are visualized using a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique and phylogenetic trees. They are subsequently characterized against the rest of the data and, particularly, against the rest of cases of their own subtype. This exploratory visualization should help us to discriminate between different types of misclassification and to build hypotheses about database quality problems and the extent to which GPCR sequence transformations limit subtype discriminability. The reported experiments provide a proof of concept for the proposed method.
Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Status Between Habitual Water‐Pipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Rahman Irfan , Millan‐Luongo Lorena Teresa , Feng Changyong , Yunker Michael , Malmstrom Hans , Romanos Georgios E.
Published: October 2015

Background: There is a dearth of studies that have compared clinical and radiologic markers of periodontal inflammation between water‐pipe smokers (WPs) and cigarette smokers (CSs). The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status between habitual WPs and CSs.

Methods: In total, 200 males (50 WPs, 50 CSs, and 100 controls) with comparable mean age and education were included. Demographic information was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) and numbers of missing teeth (MT) were recorded.

Results: The duration of each smoking session for WPs and CSs was 50.2 ± 6.7 and 15.3 ± 0.4 minutes, respectively. Number of MT [P <0.0001], PI [P <0.0001], AL [P <0.0001], PD ≥4 mm [P <0.0001], and MBL [P <0.0001]) was significantly higher among WPs and CSs than controls. BOP was significantly higher among controls than WPs (P <0.0001) and CSs (P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the aforementioned parameters between WPs and CSs.

Conclusions: Males in a Saudi Arabian community who were CSs or WPs had more MT and poorer periodontal condition than never smokers. The periodontal condition of WPs was equally as poor as CSs. Additional clinical observational studies with emphasis on sex and sociodemographic characteristics are needed.
Downregulation of Proteinase‐Activated Receptor‐2, Interleukin‐17, and Other Proinflammatory Genes by Subantimicrobial Doxycycline Dose in a Rat Periodontitis Model
Authors: Castro Myrella L. , Franco Gilson C. N. , Branco‐de‐Almeida Luciana S. , Anbinder Ana L. , Cogo‐Müller Karina , Cortelli Sheila C. , Duarte Simone , Saxena Deepak , Rosalen Pedro L.
Published: October 2015

Background: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) has been used as an adjunct in periodontal treatment because of its matrix metalloproteinase inhibition properties. Although the benefits of SDD therapy, such as improvement in the parameters of periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level, have been proven in multiple clinical studies, the comprehension of other biologic mechanisms of action on periodontitis remains poorly investigated. Therefore, this animal‐model study evaluated the effects of SDD monotherapy on the expressions of the following key proinflammatory genes: proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐17, and IL‐1β.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to the following: 1) control group: no ligature‐induced periodontitis and no treatment; 2) ligature group: ligature‐induced periodontitis and placebo treatment; and 3) ligature + doxycycline group: ligature‐induced periodontitis and SDD treatment. After the experimental time, animals were sacrificed, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of IL‐1β, IL‐17, TNF‐α, and PAR2 in gingival tissue samples. Histologic analyses were performed on the furcation region and mesial gingiva of mandibular first molars to measure periodontal bone loss and collagen content.

Results: SDD administration significantly downregulated PAR2, IL‐17, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β mRNA expressions (P <0.05). In addition, SDD treatment was accompanied by lower rates of alveolar bone loss (P <0.05) and maintenance of the amount of gingival collagen fibers.

Conclusion: These findings reveal new perspectives regarding SDD efficacy because it can be partially related to proinflammatory gene expression modulation, even considering PAR2 and IL‐17, which has not been investigated thus far.
Research on Algorithm of Extracting PPG Signal for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation based on Probability Density Function
Authors: Liang Kang , Sun Ying , Tian Fuying , Ye Shenghua
Published: October 2015

The paper introduced a new method based on probability density function (PDF) and phase space diagram
method for photoplethysmography (PPG) signal extracting. In the paper, PPG information was generated from human
fingertips by smartphones. The pulse wave period was then separated and reconstructed into probability density function
(PDF) by the phase space diagram algorithm. The difference between normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and atrial fibrillation
(AF) was finally found by skewness of the PDF. The results of the present study demonstrates that the new method is
vividly viable for detecting AF on the smartphone.
Research and Implementation of Children’s Speech Signal Processing System
Authors: Xue Lei , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhang Yiwen
Published: October 2015

As people's living standard and the degree of mass culture have been constantly improved, many families are caring more about the healthy growth of early childhood. In this paper, based on the research of domestic and foreign experts and scholars: the guardians (such as parents) take appropriate intervention on children at the early stage can effectively promote children's language and cognitive ability development, and the intervention has obvious effect on the autistic spectrum disorders of children. This paper presents a system for analyzing children's speech signal, calculating the guardian’s language words, the number of children‘s verbal words and the number of guardian and children's dialogue rotation times by voice signal processing and pattern recognition technology. And related personnels use these indicators to analysis the development of children's language and cognitive ability, then adopting appropriate measures for children and providing the basis for decision-making criteria, so as to promote the development of children's language and cognitive status.
The Influence of Corn Silk Polysaccharide on Signal Pathway of TGF-β1 in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Rat
Authors: Wen Xianchun , Yue Liling
Published: October 2015

The study performed some experiments and made following conclusions. In the prevention stage, comparing with normal control group, triglycerides, blood sugar (BG), 24-hour urinary protein and cholesterol (CHO) were higher in T2DM group, but weight and urea nitrogen (BUN) was less in that group. 24-hour urinary protein and cholesterol (CHO) were higher in T2DM group than the intervention group. 24-hour urinary protein and BG in the intervention group were also observed to be higher than the normal control group, but BUN was less than the normal control group. In the intervention group, the weight of kidney and the weight of rat were also higher than T2DM group, but CHO and 24-hour urinary protein were less than T2DM group. The expression of TGF-β1 in T2DM group was also observed to be more than the other groups. However, in the treatment stage, serum creatinine (Cr), weight, BG and CHO, TGand 24-hour urinary protein were significantly higher in the DN rats than those in the normal control rats (P>0.05). The expression level of TGF-β1 and triglyceride level in the corn silk dihydroxycorn silk3 treated group were noticeably lower than those in the DN rats.
Workspace Analysis and Optimization of 3-PUU Parallel Mechanism in Medicine Base on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hou Yongchao , Zhao Yang
Published: October 2015

A novel 3-PUU parallel robot was put forward, on which kinematic analysis was conducted to obtain its inverse kinematics solution, and on this basis, the limitations of the sliding pair and the Hooke joint on the workspace were analyzed. Moreover, the workspace was solved through the three dimensional limit search method, and then optimization analysis was performed on the workspace of this parallel robot, which laid the foundations for the configuration design and further analysis of the parallel mechanism, with the result indicated that this type of robot was equipped with promising application prospect. In addition that, the workspace after optimization can meet more requirements of patients.
Effect of Pixel’s Spatial Characteristics on Recognition of Isolated Pixelized Chinese Character
Authors: Yang Kun , Liu Shuang , Wang Hong , Liu Wei , Wu Yaowei
Published: October 2015

The influence of pixel’s spatial characteristics on recognition of isolated Chinese character was investigated using simulated prosthestic vision. The accuracy of Chinese character recognition with 4 kinds of pixel number (6*6, 8*8, 10*10, and 12*12 pixel array) and 3 kinds of pixel shape (Square, Dot and Gaussian) and different pixel spacing were tested through head-mounted display (HMD). A captured image of Chinese characters in font style of Hei were pixelized with Square, Dot and Gaussian pixel. Results showed that pixel number was the most important factor which could affect the recognition of isolated pixelized Chinese Chartars and the accuracy of recognition increased with the addition of pixel number. 10*10 pixel array could provide enough information for people to recognize an isolated Chinese character. At low resolution (6*6 and 8*8 pixel array), there were little difference of recognition accuracy between different pixel shape and different pixel spacing. While as for high resolution (10*10 and 12*12 pixel array), the fluctuation of pixel shape and pixel spacing could not affect the performance of recognition of isolated pixelized Chinese Character.