bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CPCP: Un Colegio Profesional por Justicia y Necesidad
Authors: Mendívez Espinoza Yván Alexander
Published: July 2022

Hasta hoy, los profesionales de la comunicación no han tenido en el Perú un colegio profesional que haya nacido de la esencia, del espíritu de la comunicación, que pueda albergarlos. A la par de los comunicadores, los diseñadores gráficos, publicistas, relacionistas públicos, marketeros y periodistas entre otras profesiones consideran formar parte importante de la comunicación y con justa razón, pues siendo la comunicación una sola, tiene varias y diferentes aristas, desde donde dichos profesionales actúan y se complementan en lo que hoy algunos biógrafos han denominado, el fenómeno de la comunicación total.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COST-EFFECTIVE COMPACT DISC HARROW
Authors: BÖĞREKCİ İsmail , DEMİRCİOĞLU Pınar , OZER Goktug
Published: July 2022

It is well-known that during tillage operations suprising items may appear below the soil surface in agricultural lands. Sometimes a stone/rock or solid root can cause major damage to the tillage equipments. These rocks and solid roots can cause major impacts on tillage equipment. In order to eliminate or minimize the impact of these forces, shock absorbing equipment is used that provides the connection between the disc harrow and the chassis. The most commonly used material for these shock absorbers is a rubber-based polymer known as vulkollan (polyurethane), which has a wide are of use in industry. Vulkollans are used to absorb the impact and wear out over time because of sun, climate and impacts. Therefore, in this experimental study, steel springs are used since they are much more durable. Modal analysis was conducted in order to investigate the mechanical properties of steel springs.
A Novel Machine Learning Technique for
Fraud Detection on Credit Card Financial
Data
Authors: Neeraj Sharma  , M M Venkata Chalapathi
Published: July 2022

The credit card exchanges has expanded decisively in the new year’s, as has how much fakes and
card robberies. Ordinary robbery, skimming fakes, fake cheats and erroneous card application
extortion are ways that Visa misrepresentation can be committed. Albeit the fraudster in every one
of these cases uses a material card, an actual belonging isn't expected to commit Visa extortion.
"Cardholder-not-present" misrepresentation, in which simply the card's information are introduced,
is one of the most well-known kinds of extortion (e.g., via telephone). The most direct kind of
credit card robbery is the utilization of a taken card. In this present circumstance, the fraudster
generally attempts to burn through however much cash as could reasonably be expected in as brief
period as doable. A progression of AI models are utilized to battle misrepresentation, with the ideal
arrangement being picked after an assessment. The AI models are utilized to identify fakes and
recognizes the certifiable and deceitful exchanges.
INCREASING WIND TURBINE EFFICIENCY USING SOFTWARE PACKAGES
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,, Karić Djordje
Published: July 2022

Wind energy is a clean source of energy. Wind turbine efficiency is affected by wind speed, Reynolds number, density, humidity, and air temperature, as well as other factors. The conversion of wind kinetic energy into the rotational movement of the wind turbine is performed thanks to the aerodynamic profile of the blade. Due to the large number of factors that affect the efficiency of work, complex mathematical models and software packages, specialized for this purpose, are used to shape the profile of the wind turbine blade. This paper presents the application of software packages for the design of the blade profile depending on the geographical location and meteorological conditions prevailing in the area, to achieve greater efficiency, that is, the production of a larger amount of electricity.
FLOW AND ENERGY DISSIPATION OVER A CYLINDRICAL STEPPED WEIR
Authors:   University of Mosul, College of Engineering, Jomaa Mazin S. , Mohammed Ahmed Y.
Published: July 2022

The great economic importance of increasing the energy dissipation flow rate in stepped weirs prompted researchers to make several changes to the geometrical shape. In this study, (36) physical models were constructed to compare cylindrical stepped weirs with traditional weirs. (27) Models of cylindrical stepped weirs and (9) traditional stepped weirs were based on three heights and three diameters of steps. There are three shapes of the weir steps (Fc = all the steps in a circular shape, i.e., without cutting), (Fc & Hc = one round and the other half cut, respectively) and (Hc = all the steps are cut in half). The study showed that the percentage of energy dissipation in weirs increases with the height of the weir (P). Increasing the diameter of the degree (D) and increasing the number of steps (n), and changing the shape of the degrees, as the case (Fc & Hc) was better than the case (Fc). In contrast, the state (Hc) was the best among the other instances in the percentage of flow energy dissipation. The cylindrical gradient weirs are more efficient than traditional stepped weirs by approximately (%10), and the highest value for the energy dissipation of the flow was obtained for stepped cylindrical weirs (%67.27).
ТОВАРОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПРЯНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Нигматуллина И. М. , Позднякова Д. А.
Published: July 2022

Проведен ассортиментный, качественный и документальный анализ шести образцов

пряностей в рамках дисциплины «Товароведение продуктов биотехнологии из сырья растительного происхождения». В результате анализа установлено несоответствие ГОСТ по физико-химическим показателям для двух образцов. Для трех образцов пряностей при анализе

упаковки и маркировки обнаружено несоответствие ГОСТ в области маркировки – установлено отсутствие на упаковке наименования нормативной документа, в соответствии с которым вырабатывались данные виды пряностей.
МЕТАФОРИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКСПЛИКАЦИЯ ТЕМПОРАЛЬНЫХ СМЫСЛОВ В ПОЭЗИИ
У. ВОРДСВОРТА И А.С. ПУШКИНА
Authors: Вестербейк А.Г.М. , Коннова М.Н.
Published: July 2022

Исследуются концептуальные метафорические модели, структурирующие образ

времени в поэтических произведениях двух крупнейших поэтов Великобритании и России –

В. Вордсворта и А.С. Пушкина. Выявляются, с одной стороны, общие закономерности

концептуализации времени в поэтической картине мира, с другой – индивидуальноавторские особенности видения времени У. Вордсвортом и А.С. Пушкиным.

Демонстрируется, что при единстве базовых метафорических моделей времени –

пространственной (TIME IS SPACE / ВРЕМЯ – ПРОСТРАНСТВО), динамической (TIME IS A

MOVING OBJECT / ВРЕМЯ – ДВИЖУЩИЙСЯ ОБЪЕКТ), предметной (TIME IS AN OBJECT / ВРЕМЯ

– ПРЕДМЕТ), персонифицирующей (TIME IS A LIVING ENTITY / ВРЕМЯ – ЖИВОЕ СУЩЕСТВО) –

поэтические образы каждого из авторов отличаются неповторимым своеобразием,

обусловленным личным опытом авторов и национальной спецификой английской и русской

лингвокультур
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЙ
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Липовская А.А. , Мизеров М.А. , Липовская Е.П.
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные направления и особенности маркетинговой

деятельности предприятия на примере АО «Экопэт» в условиях конкуренции. Были

сформулированы рекомендации, направленные на совершенствование маркетинговой

стратегии предприятия в условиях кризиса
Graciela S. Alarcón, mentora en la esfera académica y en la vida familiar
Authors: Fajardo Estefanía
Published: July 2022

La doctora Graciela Alarcón ha sabido llevar exitosamente tanto su quehacer académico como sus responsabilidades familiares. Dentro de sus muchos logros en el campo de la Reumatología, sus investigaciones en lupus, particularmente dentro de poblaciones hispanas han alcanzado reconocimiento global. En esta entrevista recuerda pasajes de su vida, su trayectoria profesional y académica, su pasión por la Reumatología y lo que ahora significa apoyar a las nuevas generaciones.
Awareness and perception of Cradiovascular Physiotherapy in patients having Cardiac Condition residing in Pune city.
Authors: Gavate Vaishnavi , Nagarwala Dr. Raziya , Dabadghav Dr. Rachana
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT:

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide. As we know Cardiovascular Physiotherapy has undisputable role in management of these Cardiac Diseases. Yet evidences suggests that we can see lot of non- adherence of these patients towards therapy. Therefore, this study helps us to understand the awareness and perception of Cardiac Patients towards Cardiovascular physiotherapy as this will tell us patient’s level of understanding about the importance and implications of it on their condition and what are their perceptions regarding this therapy.

 Method: A self-made questionnaire was administered to people who are diagnosed of Cardiac Condition in various hospitals in Pune City and Descriptive data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel Software. Results: Only 35% subjects were aware of Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, 65% agreed that Cardiovascular Physiotherapy is important for their recovery, 55% thought it has positive effect on their Cardiac Condition yet 87.5% never consulted a Cardio physiotherapist, 25% thought there are no barriers where other considered barriers as follow- 28% were of opinion that PT is high cost, according to 14% it is time consuming, 17.5% says commute is difficult , and 10% gave barrier as Fear

Conclusion: This study concludes that the awareness is poor in patients having cardiac condition from Pune city. However, there is positive perception regarding Cardio physiotherapy most of them never consulted physiotherapist for their cardiac condition. Some of the factors were identified for this low adherence like high cost, commute, fear, time.

Keywords: Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, awareness, perception, barriers
Correlation Of Core Muscle Strength and Lower Limb Muscle Strength With Lower Limb Functional Status In Healthy Middle Old Population
Authors: Pallavi Hoge  , Dr Mayuri Khatavkar (PT)
Published: July 2022

Background: Aging is a gradual, life-long process and highly variable, characterized by a progressive and cumulative generalized impairment of physiological functions which in turn reduces functional performance and disturbs ADL’s & may lead to significant impact on core & lower limb muscles, which are important in functioning. Thus, the study aimed at assessing correlation amongst the core & lower limb muscles and functional status. Methods and procedures: 84 participants between 70-79 yrs of age ()(Male:Female = 1) were assessed for core strength, Lower limb strength and functional mobility using pressure biofeedback, five times sit to stand and timed up and go test respectively and data was tabulated & analyzed further in SPSS. Results: Spearman's correlation was used in this study which showed significant positive correlation between core strength and lower limb strength with lower limb functional status. (r(Core)=0.813, r(5SST) =0.893; p(Core)=0.00, p(5SST) =0.00) Discussion: Optimal core stability helps maintain the center of gravity within the altered base of support and this could be a reason for individuals with good core strength having better functional mobility. Also force of muscle contraction is directly proportional to velocity of movement which is seen reduced in lower limb musculature because of aging in this population. Conclusion: The present study concluded that strong correlation of core strength and lower limb strength with functional mobility exists among middle old elderly population
Hysterectomies and bodily autonomy in female migratory farm laborers in the unorganized labor sector in Beed district of Maharashtra: A Review Article
Authors: Swami Dr. Amrut Arun , Rane Sakshi , Kumar Dr. Sanjay , Netragaonkar Dr. Rahul , Jha Dr. Ashish Kumar
Published: July 2022

Seasonal labor migration is a vital aspect of livelihood in rural and tribal regions of India. Females are paid less than males for the same amount of work. Contractors are unwilling to hire female menstruating laborers as menstruation and pregnancy are considered as roadblocks. The worry of hefty fines for absence pushes girls to get their uterus removed as menstruation & pregnancy may require them to pass work opportunities. This review aims to summarize the prevalence of hysterectomies among these women, and tries to understand the mindset behind the same. In 2018, 36% of female sugarcane laborers in the State had undergone a hysterectomy.  While the rate of hysterectomies among women aged between 15- 49 years at the all-India level is 3.2%, the hysterectomy rate in the state of Maharashtra is 2.6%. Our findings revealed several studies and newspaper articles showing the prevalence of irrational hysterectomies among the unorganized migratory farm laborers as a result of work-related pressures, a grossly unregulated private medical sector and exploitative contractors who hire them.
Effect of motor relearning program on the upper limb function in stroke survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Shaikh Sumayya
Published: July 2022

Background

Problems with upper limb impairments are very common after a stroke. Improving arm function is a core element of rehabilitation. Many physiotherapy interventions have been developed some of which has have found to be beneficial.

 

Objective

To analyze the effect of motor relearning program (MRP) on the upper limb function in stroke survivors.

 

Data sources

This systematic review included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies for patients suffering from stroke. The articles were retrieved from

Google Scholar, Cochrane and Pub Med. Articles were also accessed from Journals.

 

Study selection

Data belonging from 2012 to 2021 were included. RCTs and quasi experimental studies that focused on motor relearning program for upper limb/hand for stroke patients were included in this review.

 

Results

Total 10 studies were included in this review with 339 patients. Among them, 217 had received MRP whereas, 122 had received other physiotherapy treatment technique for stroke rehabilitation.

 

Conclusion

 MRP given alone or in conjunction with other physiotherapeutic treatment is likely to yield beneficial results for improving the upper limb /hand function in stroke patients.
Role of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Predicting Intraoperative Surgical Strategies in Penetrating Keratoplasty with Cataract Extraction and IOL Implantation
Authors: Thatte Shreya
Published: July 2022

Background: Penetrating Keratoplasty with cataract extraction and Intraocular Lens (IOL) implantation (Triple procedure) is very challenging procedure because in cases of Opaque cornea, status of anterior segment is difficult to predict that can lead to intraoperative surprises. If not managed properly, these can severely affect visual outcome. To avoid this, we performed Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) preoperatively for detailed analysis of anterior segment structures and associated pathologies and later compared it with intraoperative findings to judge predictive accuracy of UBM in guiding surgical strategies, decision making and modifications intraoperatively.

Methods and findings: 20 eyes of 20 patients with different grades of corneal opacities like simple corneal opacities (6 eyes) or adherent leucoma (7 eyes) or anterior staphyloma (7 eyes) that underwent Triple procedure (Penetrating Keratoplasty+ cataract extraction+ IOL implantation) were evaluated preoperatively by UBM and the findings were compared intraoperatively to find predictive accuracy of UBM. Extent and depth of corneal lesions, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, type, position and extent of synechiae, pupillary membrane and status of lens and capsule were assessed. Scan was performed to visualize any posterior segment pathology and to find Axial Length (AL). Keratometry readings of other eye were taken to calculate IOL power for implantation. Preoperative UBM findings when co-related intraoperatively was found to be accurate in 71.42%- 100% parameters and accordingly these cases underwent penetrating Keratoplasty with other modifications like Iridectomy, Membranectomy, Synechiolysis, iris reconstruction, Trabeculectomy, cataract extraction and IOL implantation.

Conclusion: In cataract coexisting with corneal pathologies, UBM is Best and reliable guide in predicting and preplanning of surgical strategies for best visual outcomes.
Development of an application to anonymize data to be shared in the cloud
Authors: Marrón David González , Ramírez Verónica Paola Corona , González Angélica Enciso , Callejas Alejandro Márquez , Hernández Iridian Sandivel Pérez
Published: July 2022

A design of an interface is proposed to be developed as a lightweight application that allows the use of different algorithms  to anonymize  proposed by various authors, the application focuses on adapting data from distributed applications that must interact using the JSON lightweight Data Interchange Format. The user interaction is minimized for the anonymization process, an interface is provided to facilitate the selection process of the anonymization algorithms that users choose.
Aggressive Students’ Academic Performance: Teachers’ Insight
Authors: Kashif Najam ul , Bashir Furrukh , Ahmad Rashid , Nasim Ismat
Published: July 2022

Presented study was aimed to highlight the different causes of aggressive behavior of students and its effects on their academic performance, according to the observations of secondary school students. To accomplish this goal, the conducted research was descriptive in nature. Data were collected from elementary school students’ teachers through a questionnaire. The population of the study was considered as all public elementary school male and female teachers in four Tehsils of District Multan region. Total eighty schools and from each school 3 teachers were randomly selected as a result total 240 teachers were selected. A questionnaire consisting of 49 items was designed for teachers. Furthermore, data were analyzed by adopting as per need descriptive and inferential statistics. It is concluded that aggressive behaviors in students do not significantly reduce a students’ academic performance, however, there is a sign that academic scores are declining as aggression increases. Aggressive behaviors in students do not directly lead to low academic performance. Although there is an insignificant link between aggressive behavior and academic performance, aggressive students face difficulties in their education. It is recommended that teachers need additional training on how to deal with children with aggressive behavior. In this regard, parents-teachers meeting on regular basis and on required desires of teachers is necessary.
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for Adjuvant Trastuzumab Use in Early Stage HER2 Positive Breast Cancer
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Breast Cancer Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN breast cancer workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for adjuvant trastuzumab use in early stage HER2 positive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting. Results: Five international guidelines were evaluated—those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015), the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (2006, 2009), the European Society of Medical Oncology (2013), the Breast Cancer Disease Site Group in conjunction with the Program in Evidence-Based Care and Cancer Care Ontario (2011) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2013). Recommendations on suitable candidacy for adjuvant trastuzumab, whether adjuvant trastuzumab should be given concurrently with a taxane or sequentially after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, the optimal frequency of cardiac monitoring during adjuvant trastuzumab and the optimal duration of adjuvant trastuzumab were developed. Conclusion: These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for adjuvant trastuzumab use in early stage HER2 positive breast cancer.

Key words: Guideline adaptation, Anti-HER2 targeted therapy
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Genitourinary Cancer Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN genitourinary cancer workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting. Results: Three international guidelines were evaluated—those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014), the European Society of Medical Oncology (2011) and the European Association of Urology (2013). Recommendations on the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC were developed. Conclusion: These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC.

Key words: Perioperative, Recommendations, Survival benefit
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for the Systemic Therapy of Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Gynaecological Cancers Systemic Therapy Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN gynaecological cancers systemic therapy workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for the systemic therapy of endometrial (uterine) cancer. Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting. Results: Three international guidelines were evaluated—those developed by the National Cancer Comprehensive Network (2015), the European Society of Medical Oncology (2013) and the Cancer Council Australia (2011). Recommendations on the role of chemotherapy following surgery in women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, the chemotherapeutic options for women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancers and the role of chemotherapy in women with uterine papillary serous carcinoma or clear cell carcinoma were developed. Conclusion: These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for the systemic therapy of endometrial (uterine) cancer.

Key words: ADAPTE, Chemotherapy, Evidence-based, Review
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Lung Cancer Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN lung cancer workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for the use of adjuvant systemic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer in Singapore. Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting. Results: Five international guidelines were evaluated—those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014), European Society of Medical Oncology (2014), National Institute of Clinical Excellence (2012), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2014), and the Cancer Care Council Australia (2012). Recommendations on the selection of patients, chemotherapy regimen, treatment for stage I disease, treatment for positive margins and treatment options for pN2 disease with negative margins were produced. Conclusion: These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for adjuvant systemic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.

Key words: Decision-making, Postoperative therapy
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for Systemic Therapy of High-Grade Glioma
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Neuro-Oncology Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN Neuro-Oncology workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for systemic therapy for high-grade glioma in Singapore. Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a modified ADAPTE process to calibrate high quality international evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to our local setting. Results: Six international guidelines were evaluated—those developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013), the European Association for Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Task Force on Malignant Glioma (2014), the European Society of Medical Oncology (2014), the Canadian GBM Recommendations Committee (2007) and the Australian Cancer Network (2009). Recommendations on the systemic therapy of high-grade glioma were produced. Conclusion: These adapted guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for systemic therapy of high-grade glioma. Key words: Anaplastic glioma, Chemotherapy, Glioblastoma
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for the Initial Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management of Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma
Authors:   The Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Sarcoma Workgroup
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The SCAN sarcoma workgroup aimed to develop Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) clinical practice guidelines for the initial evaluation, diagnosis, and management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Materials and Methods: The workgroup utilised a consensus approach to create high quality evidence-based clinical practice guidelines suited for our local setting. Results: Various international guidelines from the fields of radiology, pathology, orthopaedic surgery, medical, radiation and paediatric oncology were reviewed, including those developed by von Mehren M et al (J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2014), the National Collaborating Centre for Cancer (2006), the European Sarcoma Network Working Group (2012) and Grimer RJ et al (Sarcoma 2008). Our clinical practice guidelines contextualised to the local patient will streamline care and improve clinical outcomes for patients with extremity soft tissue and osteosarcoma. Conclusion: These guidelines form the SCAN Guidelines 2015 for the initial evaluation, diagnosis, and management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma and osteosarcoma.

Key words: Asian patients, Limb, STS, Treatment
Optimising Aesthetic Reconstruction of Scalp Soft Tissue by an Algorithm Based on Defect Size and Location
Authors: Ooi Adrian SH , Kanapathy Muholan , Ong Yee Siang , Tan Kok Chai , Tan Bien Keem
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Scalp soft tissue defects are common and result from a variety of causes. Reconstructive methods should maximise cosmetic outcomes by maintaining hair-bearing tissue and aesthetic hairlines. This article outlines an algorithm based on a diverse clinical case series to optimise scalp soft tissue coverage. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of scalp soft tissue reconstruction cases performed at the Singapore General Hospital between January 2004 and December 2013 was conducted. Results: Forty-one patients were included in this study. The majority of defects <100 cm2 were reconstructed with local flaps and were subdivided by location. Methods included rotation, transposition and free flaps. The most common type of reconstruction performed for defects ≥100 cm2 was free flap reconstruction. Multistage reconstruction using tissue expanders aided in optimising cosmetic outcomes. There were no major complications or flap failures. Conclusion: By analysing our experience with scalp soft tissue reconstruction, we have developed an algorithm based on defect size and location, achieving excellent closure and aesthetic outcome while minimising complications and repeat procedures.

Key words: Flaps, Reconstruction Algorithm, Scalp
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Low Serena KM , Sum Chee Fang , Yeoh Lee Ying , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Ng Xiao Wei , Lee Simon BM , Tang Wern Ee , Lim Su Chi
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The epidemiology of CKD secondary to type 2 DM (T2DM) (i.e. diabetic nephropathy (DN)) has not been well studied in Singapore, a multi-ethnic Asian population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD in adult patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients (n = 1861) aged 21 to 89 years with T2DM who had attended the DM centre of a single acute care public hospital or a primary care polyclinic between August 2011 and November 2013. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients using a standard questionnaire. Spot urine and fasting blood samples were sent to an accredited hospital laboratory for urinary albumin, serum creatinine, HbA1c and lipid measurement. CKD was defi ned and classified using the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and classification. Results: The distribution by risk of adverse CKD outcomes was: low risk, 47%; moderate risk, 27.2%; high risk, 12.8%; and very high risk, 13%. The prevalence of CKD in patients with T2DM was 53%. Variables significantly associated with CKD include neuropathy, blood pressure ≥140/80 mmHg, triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol, body mass index, duration of diabetes, HbA1c ≥8%, age, cardiovascular disease, and proliferative retinopathy. Conclusion: CKD was highly prevalent among patients with T2DM in Singapore. Several risk factors for CKD are well recognised and amenable to intervention. Routine rigorous screening for DN and enhanced programme for global risk factors reduction will be critical to stem the tide of DN. Key words: Albuminuria, Renal impairment, Risk factors
Epidemiology and Clinical Evolution of Liver Cirrhosis in Singapore
Authors: Chang Pik Eu , Wong Guan Wee , Li James WQ , Lui Hock Foong , Chow Wan Cheng , Tan Chee Kiat
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality and an important burden on the healthcare system. There is limited literature on liver cirrhosis in Singapore. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cirrhotic patients seen in an ambulatory setting in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study of cirrhotic patients attending the ambulatory clinic of Singapore’s largest tertiary hospital over 5 years. Cirrhosis was diagnosed on characteristic radiological features and/or histology. Aetiology of cirrhosis was determined by history, serology, biochemistry and/or histology. Data on decompensation events and death were retrieved from computerised hospital records. Results: The study included 564 patients with median follow-up of 85 months. Mean age was 60.9 ± 12.5 years with 63.8% males. Main aetiologies of cirrhosis were chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (63.3%), alcohol (11.2%), cryptogenic (9%) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (6.9%). CHB was the predominant aetiology in Chinese and Malays whereas alcohol was the main aetiology in Indians. CHC cirrhosis was more common in Malays than other races. Majority had compensated cirrhosis with 76.8%/18.3%/5%; Child-Pugh A/B/C respectively. Decompensation events occurred in 155 patients (27.5%) and 106 of them (18.8%) died. Diagnosis of cirrhosis via surveillance ultrasound was associated with improved 10-year survival. Age at diagnosis, portal vein thrombosis, Child-Pugh class and decompensation within 1 year of diagnosis were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: CHB is the primary cause of liver cirrhosis in Singapore. The major aetiologies of cirrhosis vary amongst the different ethnic groups. Cirrhotics with advanced age, portal vein thrombosis, poorer liver function and early decompensation have a higher mortality risk. Key words: Aetiology, Ambulatory, Clinical characteristics, Ethnic group, Mortality
Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Infections—Implications on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccinations
Authors: Lee Pamela PW
Published: July 2022

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live vaccine and has the potential to cause local disease and systemic dissemination in immunocompromised hosts, including infants who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through vertical transmission, and patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), hyper-IgM syndrome, and defects of the IL12-IFNγ axis (Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases, MSMD). Disseminated BCG is extremely difficult to treat. The chance of complete eradication is low unless functional immune response is restored by haematopoietic stem cell transplant. Prolonged use of anti-mycobacterial drugs often causes organ toxicities and drug resistance. Inflammatory complications which develop upon immunoreconstitution post-transplant may necessitate immunosuppressive treatment, which adversely affect immune recovery and increases risks of opportunistic infections. Multiple BCG reactivations can occur in patients with CGD and MSMD, and BCG can remain latent until reactivations take place in adulthood and manifest as disease. It is important for neonatologists, general practitioners, primary care clinicians and nurses working in maternal and child care centers to be aware of BCG-related complications, which may be the first sign of an underlying immunodeficiency. As neonatal BCG is included in standard vaccination schedule in many countries, it is a challenge to identify and avoid administration of BCG to infants who potentially have PIDs. Deferring BCG vaccination is recently advocated to protect highly vulnerable populations, but the appropriate strategy is yet to be determined. Newborn screening for SCID offers a potential to avoid this complication, if an integrated system of screening and vaccination can be organised.

Key words: BCG, Newborn screening, Primary immunodeficiency
La migración laboral y su incidencia en la dignidad humana: una problemática del trabajador migrante
Authors: Torres Cadillo Rosa Isabel
Published: July 2022

La migración representa un problema permanente no solo para los extranjeros, sino también para el país destino, puesto que el migrante encarna una persona en búsqueda de trabajo y oportunidades, que muchas veces por necesidad opta por cualquier tipo de trabajo (precario), incluso con una remuneración irrisoria. A esta situación se le adiciona la estigmatización y la discriminación de la persona migrante trabajadora, debido a su condición, lo que genera un impacto negativo en su dignidad, ya que muchas veces es humillada, insultada y maltratada. Esta es la realidad del día a día de los migrantes trabajadores en nuestro país.
Ceo Overconfidence and Risk Taking in Indonesian Banking Sectors
Authors: Altin Darus , Nurazi Ridwan . , Santi Fitri Saiful , . Saiful
Published: July 2022

This study aims to test the effect of CEO Overconfidence on the risk-taking behaviour of Indonesian banks. Using 1,007 bank-year observations from 2000-2018, the samples were categorized into four classifications of BUKU (Commercial Bank Based -BUKU 1, BUKU 2, BUKU 3 and BUKU 4. This study contributes to the attribution theory of self-serving bias theory (Miller and Ross, 1975). The attribution theory explains that a person's behavior in achieving success tends to be associated with better results. We find that CEO overconfidence positively affects Net Interest Margin (NIM), BOPO (Operating Expenses to Operating Income), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) in Commercial Bank in Indonesia. The results of this study can prove one of the behavioral biases, namely overconfidence in influencing risk taking. Furthermore, overconfidence theory predicts that CEO overconfidence behavior tends to be stronger in risk taking. The prediction of overconfidence theory can be proven from the positive influence of CEO Overconfidence in bank risk taking. In practical terms, this research contributes to build risk taking bank behavior model in Indonesia.
Distribution and Management Effectiveness of Village Funds in Improving the Village Community Empowerment and Welfare
Authors: . Fitriyana , Majid M. Shabri Abd. , Nurdin Ridwan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of village fund distribution and management on the welfare of the village community by increasing empowerment as a mediator. The population in this study was all villages in Pidie Regency, accumulation of 730 villages. The sampling method used was Cluster/Area random sampling, with the sampling technique carried out using the Stratified proportional random sampling technique based on the village category. The sample taken is 258 respondents. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) model is used to analyze the effectiveness of village fund distribution and management through mediating role of community empowerment. The results showed that village fund distribution and management effectively affect the community's welfare, and community empowerment acts as a mediating variable and effectively improves the village community's wellbeing.
Contribution of Public Transportation System in Economy: A case study of Auto Rickshaw in Lawngtlai Town
Authors: Lalthlamuana C.
Published: July 2022

Importance of Public Transportation in the country’s economic development cannot be overemphasized. Urbanization and economic development go hand-in-hand wherein the standard of communication significantly influence the rate of growth. The higher the level of development, the smoother the flow of transport and communication system. Rapid influx of population from surrounding areas in a particular place demands corresponding growth in all aspects of life. But income enhancement can only bring the desired development once it is supported by conscious public policy aimed at it. Like the rest of the country, the transport sector can be regarded as one of the largest job creators in Lawngtlai. Daily services of sumo to state capital Aizawl and the neighbouring towns and Villages and other transport vehicles generated income for all sections of the people in the district, apart from other services connected with transport sector like servicing, filling stations, workshops, spare-parts dealings and many more. Being the headquarters of both the Lai Autonomous District Council and the Civil Administration, Lawngtlai town offers huge demand for public transportation. However, people rely heavily on auto rickshaw due absence of reliable bus service, poor road connections of different localities and income constraints. Very few taxi can be seen plying around in some places for day to day living.
Longitudinal Research into the History of Debts
Authors: Okafor Kathleen , . FCArb
Published: July 2022

Background: Man, who includes companies, has tried to provide sufficiency and surplus through the request for loans. However, economic and political structures have hampered the realization of the initiatives towards borrowing. This paper has sought to examine the macro and definition of terms in order to make recommendations for more egalitarian societies.
The Moderating Role of Financial Management Behavior on Money Attitude and Celebrity Worship towards BTS Army’s Impulsive Buyin
Authors: Putikadea Insyirah , Putri Zhulaydar Esa
Published: July 2022

This study examines the moderating role of financial management behavior on the effect of money attitude and celebrity worship towards impulsive buying. This study was conducted by quantitative methods using a questionnaire as primary data. The sampling technique used in this study is the purposive sampling technique on BTS Army. Before the moderating applied, the results showed a significant effect between money attitude and celebrity worship on impulsive buying, either partially or simultaneously. Otherwise, after the moderating variable is applied, the effect of financial management behavior between money attitude on impulsive buying does not have a significant effect, while the effect of financial management behavior as moderating between celebrity worship on impulsive buying shows its significance. It concludes that financial management behavior has a role as a quasi-moderator and so predictor.
Firm Size and Credit Accessibility of MSEs in Kenya
Authors: Kathure Kobia  Faith , Waweru Gabriel , Shano Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Micro and small enterprises have been known to be drivers of socio economic development. Despite the effort of the government in formulating and implementing policies intended to enhance entrepreneurship, several challenges are still being experienced by entrepreneurs, with the major ones being the requirements of lenders of different financial institutions. This research aimed at determining the influence of firm size characteristics on MSEs credit accessibility in Meru Town. The study employed the use of a questionnaire as the primary method of data collection. A target population of 800 registered MSEs was used for random sampling yielding a sample size of 89 respondents, all of whom were owners or managers of these enterprises. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The finding was that firm size significantly influenced credit accessibility of MSEs. The study results show that firm size and credit accessibility of MSEs account for (79.2%) of the variation in independent variables.
Determining the health seeking behavior of patients suffering from Tuberculosis in 21st Century: a critical review
Authors: Singh R , Singh G
Published: July 2022

TB accounts for approximately 40% of adult deaths. In almost half of these cases, the disease remains undiagnosed until death. The economic burden of seeking care remains a barrier for TB patients. Patients experiencing TB symptoms may initially seek relief by using self-prescribed medication or by consulting a health care provider who does not request patient (TB) investigations despite repeated visits. Patient delay depends on patients’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, which are associated with rural residence, low access to health centre, old age, poverty, gender (depending on country customs), alcohol and other substance dependence, immigration background, low education, low awareness of TB, self-treatment and stigma. Through this article, we wish to review the health seeking behavior of patients suffering from Tuberculosis.
Job of Anterior Fontanel Ultrasonography in Preterm Infants
Authors: Hussein Adnan Ali , Shareef Azhar M , Allah Ammar M.Ata
Published: July 2022

"Since the last part of the 1970s"" "cranial ultrasound assessments have been performed on preterm babies to give data about perinatal cerebrum injury for the expectation of long haul results . Cranial ultrasound assessments and nonultrasound cerebrum imaging procedures" for example" attractive reverberation imaging" have additionally been utilized for an assortment of clinical signs". In light of ongoing improvements in the innovation and cycle of performing cranial ultrasound assessments and in the characterization and comprehension of the prescient worth of strange discoveries " it is opportune and vital to consider the worth and interaction of deciding the requirement for routine screening cranial ultrasound assessments in neonatal escalated care units (NICUS). This study is a clinic based cross sectional review completed upon 90 preterm babies conceded to Neonatal Intensive Care unit in Tikrit Teaching Hospital through the period from the first of February to the furthest limit of May 2008" their gestational ages were gone from 28 - 36 weeks and their body loads were range from 800 - 2300g.The point of this study is to assess the job of front fontanel ultrasonography in preterm newborn children" utilizing exceptional poll" an actual assessment was led and all preterms were sent for cranial ultrasound assessment through the foremost fontanel with estimation of hemoglobin level" all preterms with intracranial findings were sent to CAT scan to confirm Diagnosis.The recurrence of intracranial discoveries was (30%)" (7.40%) had germinal grid drain" (51.86%) had intraventricular discharge" had and 29.63% (11.11%) had periventricular leukomalacia ventricnlomegaly" (31.91%) were males and (27.91%) were females" (75%) of gestational ages 28 - 30 weeks" (47. 61%) of 31 - 33 weeks and (9.44%) of 34-36 weeks" (48.14%) of body loads 800 - 1300 g. (47.37%) of 1300 - 1800g and (11.37%) of 1800 - 2300g. Anemia were found in (63.63%) of preterms with intracranial findings. Case casualty rate among preterms with intracranial discoveries was (40.75%). It can be concluded that anterior fontanel ultrasonography is an important valuable method for early detection of intracranial problems in preterm infants" intracranial findings have no association with the gender but have significant association with the gestational age" body weight and anemia.
NAILS – Its Importance and Applicability in Homoeopathy
Authors: Banu Saba Nisat , Basu Avirup , Billah Mehadi Arif
Published: July 2022

Diseases of nails predominantly cause cosmetic disfigurement, though some may be symptomatic. Sometimes changes in nails help to corroborate diagnosis of skin disease or revealing sign of systemic diseases. Nail changes are a part of objective sign. So, these can help us in individualization, Miasmatic analysis of the patient in hand and further in Homoeopathic prescriptions. A brief review of the common and not so common nail findings in systemic diseases as well as the homoeopathic point of view of nail abnormalities.
Autologous Ascitic Fluid Transfusion: A Therapeutic Option in a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Recalcitrant Edema in a Low Resource Setting
Authors: Adebukola A Ajite , Oluwayemi Oluwadare , Dada Ayokunle , Ogundare Olatunde , Aremu Olusegun , Taiwo Adekunle , Fatunla Odunayo
Published: July 2022

Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical entity that is characterized usually by generalized edema, hypoalbuminaemia (is less than 25g/L) and massive proteinuria (>40mg/ m2/day). It is seen more commonly in children than adults. The most prominent clinical feature of edema makes the caregiver to seek attention. Most times the edema responds to diuretics by marked reduction in size of a previously bloated child and with the commencement of anti-proteinuric drugs, complete resolution of edema is possible. We present the management of a 7-year-old boy with relapsed nephrotic syndrome complicated with massive generalized edema and marked ascites unresponsive to diuretics and eventually had autologous ascitic fluid transfusion.
Development of Wattles in the Chicken Embryo
Authors: Naser Haider Ali
Published: July 2022

In this study, 120 fertilized chicken eggs were collected and the eggs were divided into two groups, 60 eggs for each group, and placed in the silage at a temperature of 37 °C. These two layers arise from two different sources, where the epidermis arises from the ectoderm and is one layer at the beginning of formation and then multiplies, while the dermis arises from the mesoderm and is in multiple forms. wattles are. made up of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis two layers are created. in the area of the pendants from two. different source The tissue component.s of the pendants are the same as. the tissue components of the skin, but differ. from it in the thickness of the layers. and more blood vessels.