bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jarak Kekuasaan Sebagai Pemoderasi Pengaruh Keadilan Organisasional Terhadap Komitmen Karyawan Pada Supervisor (Studi pada Sebuah Perusahaan Batik di Surakarta)
Authors: Runing Hunik Sri
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to analyze 1) influence of procedural and distributive justice to employee commitment to supervisor, 2) moderation role of the power distance orientation to the influence of procedural and distributive justice to employee commitment to supervisor. Hypothesis testing was using moderated regression analysis. Using 150 samples, the result indicates that 1) procedural and distributive justice has a significant effect on employee commitment to supervisor, 2) power distance orientation moderates the influence of procedural and distributive justice to employee commitment to supervisor.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Dipertimbangkan Investor Dalam Melakukan Investasi
Authors: Mahastanti Linda Ariany
Published: December 2020

Investor has many options in an investment with the current number of investment instruments. Previous studies of retail investor behavior have examined motivation from economic perspectives or studied relationships between economic, behavioral and demographic variables. Examination of the various utility-maximization and behavioral variables underlying individual investor behavior provides a more comprehensive understanding of the investment decision process. This research will examine the seven factors that considered investors' decisions to invest, and investor behavior in taking the decision to invest. The data used are primary data that obtained by sending questionnaires through via email at Danareksa investors domiciled in Salatiga and Semarang. The analysis method used is tabulation frequencies and cross tabulation (Crosstab). Based on the results of the research, it is known that the factors that considered investor' decisions is Neutral Information and Accounting Information factor. For the result of demographic aspects effect research against investment decision is investor who are aged 25-29 and 50-54 years which is considered all of the factors. While for sex, female consider many factors than male. For educational level with high educational level makes the investor pay attention to the factors that associated with investment decisions, and investors who invest for 1-3 years old considering many factors before making investment decisions.
Kompetensi Dan Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Pemasaran
Authors: Herachwati Nuri , Dinita S Atika Dinita S
Published: December 2020

High competence human resources can support employee performance improvement and contribute in determining the company's future. The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of competence characteristics consisting of knowledge and skills, self-concept, and the motives and traits on the performance of employees in the marketing department PT. X. The samples in this study were employees of the marketing department PT. X as many as 42 people, technical analysis is a technique used multiple linear regression analysis. The results found that knowledge and skills, self-concept and motive effect traits Employee Performance in the Marketing Department.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Bank Terhadap Rating Obligasi Bank Di Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Theofilus Steven , Sutejo Bertha Silvia , Marciano Deddy
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to provide empirical evidence about the effect of bank’s financial performance using CAMEL ratios (CAR, NPL, BMPK, BOPO, LDR), and SIZE as control variable toward bank’s bond rating in Indonesia from 2005 to 2009. The source of research data are financial reports obtained from Direktori Perbankan Indonesia and the source of bond rating data are obtained from official website of Pefindo. In data processing, researcher used ordered probit method analyzed using Eviews 4. From the research, it appeared that the capital adequacy and the size have positive effect toward bond rating. Asset quality, earnings, and liquidity have negative effect toward bond rating. There is no significant effect between management quality and bond rating. It can be concluded that the bond rating of banks in Indonesia from 2005 to 2009 influenced by capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings, liquidity, and size.
KEBERHASILAN MELAKUKAN PERUBAHAN MELALUI ADKAR MODEL Studi Kasus Avnet Information Security Company
Authors: Tandelilin Elsye
Published: December 2020

There are many forces that are acting as stimulants for change such as socio-cultural, technological, economic and political and the options essentially fall in four categories: structure, physical setting, technology and people. The application of planned changed sometimes create many resistances for many reasons. There are many tactics have been suggested for use by change agents in dealing with resistance to change. One of the best suggestions is ADKAR MODEL (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement). The purpose of this article is to illustrate empirically how ADKAR Model is configured to overcome the resistance of change of Avnet’s employees.  Library researchs were carried out with qualitative approach. The current finding indicate that the application of ADKAR Model was  enabled Avnet’s change agent to  identified why the change was not running well and suggestions to handle it and to identify the changing of many levels (individual, group, inter-group and organization.  Another finding was the model can be optimal reached if every step in this model is running well and fully supported by all management teams and also make it successful and permanently embedded into the organizational operations and business model
Underpricing, Faktor Robust Ipo Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Utamaningsih Arni
Published: December 2020

This study proves that underpricing is a robust factor on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research examines the pricing of IPO, the allocation of shares to groups of institutional investors, the underwriter reputation toward underpricing, price stabilization and excess returns in three regression models and some sub models. Regression results provide evidence that the IPO pricing and allocation of shares to groups of institutional investors affect the underpricing. This evidence supports book building models that developed by Benveniste and Spindt (1989). This study provides evidence that underpricing has a positive effect on price stabilization. Underpricing is also a positive effect on excess returns. Expected proceeds are strong support factor explains underpricing as a central factor. Age and expected proceeds are the support factors, together with underpricing explain price stabilization. Partial price adjustement is support factor together with underpricing explain excess returns.
Apakah Gender Bermakna Pada Model Pembentukan Minat Berwirausaha?
Authors: Setyawan Andhy
Published: December 2020

This research purposes to examine the moderating role of gender on the entrepreneurial intention model. The Theory of the Entrepreneurial Event (TEE) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) are integrated as grand theory to explain the research. The data were obtained by involving 154 active undergraduate students as respondents. The results from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis approach showed that gender moderate the direct effect of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial intention significantly. The positive effect of entrepreneurial subjective norm on entrepreneurial intention is stronger and significant in female respondents than males. Furthermore, the effect of the perceived feasibility on entrepreneurial intention is not moderated by gender.
Procedural Justice, Organizational Trust, Organizational Identification dan Pengaruhnya pada Employee Engagement
Authors: Yulianti Praptini
Published: December 2020

Employee engagement in the workplace is very important, especially for the organizational competitive advantage. Workplace procedural justice is an important motivator for employee work attitude and performance. Employee engagement in the workplace can be built through procedural justice, organizational trust  and organizational Identification. This research is an explanatory research that will explain the causal relationship between variables or through hypothesis testing. The sample in this study was collected through 100 respondents. The criteria of the selected respondents were the ones that working in the production division, since production division is the core of industrial companies. The sampling technique in this study used Partial Least Square. The results of this study supports that organizational trust and organizational identification  as  mediator  the relationship  of procedural justice and employee engagement
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENENTU DAN INDIKATOR EKONOMI PADA NET INTEREST MARGIN BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Ayuni Lailatul , Rani Lina Nugraha
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor penentu Margin Bank Umum Syariah melalui variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio, Risiko Likuiditas, NPF, Bank Size dan indikator makroekonomi GDP dan Inflasi terhadap Net Interest Margin Periode 2011 - 2018 secara simultan dan parsial. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Purposive Sampling diperoleh 11 Bank Umum Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel. Data penelitian diambil dari website resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) serta Annual Report masing – masing bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara CAR, Risiko Likuiditas, Bank Size, GDP, terhadap NIM Bank Umum Syariah. Sedangkan untuk variabel NPF dan Inflasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Hasil menunjukkan variabel GDP merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh pada Determinan Margin Bank Umum Syariah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, diharapkan pemerintah atau regulator dapat membantu peran perbankan dalam memberikan kebijakan dengan bentuk penyempurnaan keberpihakan regulasi dalam mendukung perbankan syariah.Kata Kunci: Net Interest Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Risiko Likuiditas, Net Performing Financing, Bank Size, Makroekonomi, Bank Umum Syariah ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the influence of the determinants of Shariah commercial bank margin through the variables of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Liquidity Risk, NPF, Bank Size and macroeconomic indicators of GDP and Inflation on the Net Interest Margin Period 2011 - 2018 simultaneously and partially. Sampling with purposive sampling technique obtained 11 Islamic Shariah commercial banks. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis techniques. The research data is taken from the official website published by Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as well as the Annual Report of each bank. The results showed a significant influence between CAR, Liquidity Risk, Bank Size, GDP, on the NIM of Shariah Commercial Banks. Meanwhile, the NPF and inflation variables do not have a significant effect. The results showed that the GDP variable is the most influential factor on the Margin Determinants of Shariah Commercial Banks. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the government or regulators can assist the role of banks in providing policies by improving regulatory alignments in supporting Islamic banking.Keywords: Net Interest Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Liquidity Risk, Net Performing Financing, Bank Size, Macroeconomics, Sharia  Banks
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI OMZET USAHA MIKRO BINAAN LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT DOMPET DHUAFA JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Rasena Ardhito Yoga , Auwalin Ilmiawan
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh dari bantuan dana CSR pelatihan, lama usaha, dan usia terhadap omzet usaha mikro binaan Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sample yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Convenience Sampling yaitu melakukan survei pada responden yang dapat dihubungi, metode ini dipilih karena survei dilaksanakan ketika ada pembatasan sosial terkait dengan merebaknya COVID-19. Teknik pengumpulan data dikumpulkan melalui angket, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data yang dipakai adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bantuan dana CSR, pelatihan, lama usaha, dan usia secara parsial maupun simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap omzet usaha mikro binaan LAZ Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0.811 yang berarti 81.1% omzet usaha mikro binaan LAZ Dompet Dhuafa Jawa Timur dipengaruhi oleh bantuan dana CSR, pelatihan, lama usaha, dan usia. Kata Kunci: Bantuan dana CSR, pelatihan, lama usaha, usia, omzet usaha mikro Dompet Dhuafa, Analisis regresi berganda ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of funding assistance of CSR, training, business age and also entrepreneurs age on the revenue of small enterprises guided by Dompet Dhuafa in east Java. This paper uses quantitative approach method. The sampling collection technique used is convenience sampling technique which is surveying respondents who can be contacted due to the spread of COVID-19. Data collection techniques were collected through a questionnaire, documentation, and interview. While for the data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results show that funding assistance of CSR and training partially or simultaneously have a significant influence on the revenue of small enterprises guided by Dompet Dhuafa in East Java. The results of this paper show that the value of Adjusted R-Square is 0.811 which means that 81.1% of the revenue of small enterprises guided by Dompet Dhuafa in East Java is affected by funding assistance of CSR, training, business age, and entrepreneurs age Keywords: Funding assistance of CSR, training, business age, entrepreneurs age, turnover of small enterprise guided by Dompet Dhuafa, multiple regression analysis
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS PERBANKAN SYARIAH SEBELUM DAN SETELAH BEKERJA SAMA DENGAN PERUSAHAAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) (STUDI KASUS BANK BNI SYARIAH, BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI, DAN BANK MEGA SYARIAH)
Authors: Cupian Cupian , Akbar Farid Fauzy
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKTeknologi keuangan tumbuh sangat pesat khususnya di Indonesia lantaran dilatarbelakangi oleh tumbuhnya penggunaan teknologi dunia. Layanan keuangan yang didominasi oleh lembaga keuangan seperti bank kini bergeser kepada layanan teknologi berbasis keuangan. Sebagai lembaga keuangan yang tidak memiliki pangsa pasar yang besar, perbankan syariah mulai melirik fenomena ini dan mengadopsi sistem kerjasama dengan teknologi ini. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur seberapa efektifnya sistem kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh perbankan syariah yang bekerjasama dengan fintech sebagai perpanjangan tangan penyaluran pembiayaan. Penelitian ini merupakan peneliatian kuantitatif dengan analisis studi komparasi terhadap rasio profitabilitas dengan sampel yang diambil merupakan bank syariah yang telah bekerjasama dengan fintech, yaitu Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, dan Bank Mega Syariah. Digunakan metode Uji T Berpasangan atau Paired T-Test untuk mendapatkan komparasi perbandingan sebelum dan setelah bekerjasama pada kelompok perbandingan 2 triwulan, 4 triwulan, dan 8 triwulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada rasio ROA, ROE, dan BOPO pada rentang waktu 8 triwulan sebelum dan setelah bekerjasama dengan perusahaan fintech syariah.Kata Kunci: Fintech, Bank Syariah, Rasio Profitabilitas, Uji T Berpasangan ABSTRACTFinancial technology has grown very rapidly, especially in Indonesia because of the growing use of world technology. Financial services that are dominated by financial institutions such as banks now also shifting to financial-based technology services. As a financial institution that does not have a large market share, Islamic banking began to look at this phenomenon and some have adopted a system of collaboration with this technology. This research is intended to measure how effective the system carried out by Islamic banking in collaboration with fintech as an extension of the distribution of financing. This research is a quantitative study with comparative study of profitability ratios with samples taken from Islamic banks that have collaborated with fintech, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, and Bank Mega Syariah. Paired T-Test is used to get a comparison before and after cooperation at comparison group of 2 quarter, 4 quarter and 8 quarter. The results that there are significant differences in the ROA, ROE, and BOPO ratios in the span of 8 quarters before and after collaboration with Islamic fintech companies.Keywords: Fintech, Islamic Banking, Profitability Ratio, Paired T Test
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DI PT SJP
Authors: Su'ad Najmah , Rosyidi Suherman
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan nilai-nilai Islam yang diterapkan di SJP, tantangan apa saja yang dihadapi dan menguak alasan masih digunakannya lembaga keuangan konvensional dalam operasinya. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Wawancara dengan pimpinan perusahaan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data utama dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan hasil observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dengan karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang konstruksi ini menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam dengan memperbolehkan karyawati membawa anak ke kantor, pembagian zakat, serta program kurban dan umrah. Selain itu, perusahaan membangun Rumah Quran dan menjadi donatur tetap di pesantren dan masjid sekitar perusahaan. Usaha untuk mengislamkan perusahaan tidak selalu mulus. Beberapa situasi memaksa perusahaan menggunakan produk bank konvensional. Dalam situasi lain, kekeliruan pandangan pimpinan perusahaan terhadap lembaga keuangan syariah membuat lembaga keuangan konvensional masih digunakan.Kata Kunci: Penerapan nilai-nilai Islam di Perusahaan, Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, Manajemen Islami, Indonesia ABSTRACTThis research aims to describe Islamic values implemented by PT SJP, the challenges, and the reasons why they still use conventional financial institutions in their performances. Research method used was case study with qualitative-descriptive approach. The interview result with the head of the company was compared to the results of observation, documentation, and interview with the employees. The results of the research indicated that this company which engaged in the construction sector has implemented Islamic values by allowing female employees bring their children to the office, distributing zakat, as well as holding qurban and umrah programmes. Furthermore, the company built Rumah Quran and becomes a permanent donor to several Islamic boarding schools and mosques around them. Numerous efforts that have been done to make the company have Islamic values do not always go well. Some situations urge the company to use conventional bank products. In another situation, misperception of the head of the company on Islamic financial institutions makes conventional financial institutions still used.Keywords:  Islamic values in company, Islamic financial institutions, Islamic Management, Indonesia
Love Bites – Do Venomous Arachnids Make Safe Pets?
Authors: Hauke Tobias J. , Herzig Volker
Published: December 2020

With a global estimate of tens of thousands of arachnid enthusiasts, spiders and scorpions are gaining increasing popularity as pets in industrialised countries in Europe, Northern America and Asia. As most spiders and all scorpions are venomous and due to their mostly negative image in the public media, several governments are already considering introducing legislation to regulate the domestic care of potentially dangerous captive animals. We aimed to investigate the circumstances and effects of exposure to arachnids kept in captivity. Thus, we collected and analysed data from 354 self-reported bites and stings attributed to pet arachnids. Our data revealed that on average there were less than 20 recorded envenomations per year with ~90% preventable by due care. We also categorized the severity of the resulting symptoms and found that the vast majority of symptoms were either local (60.7%) or minor (32.8%), 5.4% were asymptomatic, only 1.1% were severe and no fatalities were recorded. Based on our database of bite and sting reports, we performed a risk assessment for arachnid pet ownership and concluded that, with the proper care, arachnids can be safely kept as pets and pose a lower risk than many other recreational activities.
Excess Mortality in England During the 2019 Summer Heatwaves.
Authors: Rustemeyer Natasha , Howells Mark
Published: December 2020

There is increasing evidence that rising temperatures and heatwaves in the United Kingdom are associated with an increase in heat-related mortality. This study aims to retrospectively quantify the impact of heatwaves on mortality during the 2019 summer period using daily death occurrences. Second, it compares excess mortality during the 2019 heatwaves to excess mortality during the 2018 and 2017 heatwave periods. Lastly, it compares the excess mortality in the 2017-2019 heatwaves to the estimated excess deaths for the same period in the Public Health England (PHE) Heatwave mortality monitoring Reports. The cumulative number of excess deaths during the summer 2019 heatwaves were minimal and were substantially lower than during the summer 2018 heatwaves (1,700 deaths) and summer 2017 heatwaves (1,489 deaths). All findings were at variance with the PHE Heatwave mortality monitoring reports which estimated cumulative excess deaths to be 892, 863 and 778 during the summer period of 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively using provisional death registrations. Issues have been identified in the use of provisional death registrations for mortality monitoring and the reduced reliability of the ONS daily death occurrence database before 2019. These findings may identify more reliable ways to monitor heat mortality during heatwaves in the future.
Deformations Compatibility Equations in the General Shell Theory into the Relative Coordinate System with Projected Deformations
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez José , Mesa-Lavista Milena
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new analytical method for obtaining new deformations compatibility equations or, new Saint-Venant’s identities, into the relative coordinate system with projected deformations by applying the hypothesis of the lineal shell theory in general flexion state. The method proposed generalizes the compatibility conditions established by A.L. Goldenveizer for the shell theory. On the other hand, the new equations include the deformations compatibility equations by other authors: Flügge, Saint-Venant, Love-Kirchhoff, Timoshenko, Goldenveizer, and Reissner-Mindlin. The results showed an increase of knowledge in general shell theory, and provide inverse and semi-inverse solutions, whose systems solution correspond to the hyper-statics degrees of the physical model, and not to their degrees of freedom.
Telomere-related Genomic Instability in Papillary Thyroid Cancers: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Rangel-Pozzo Aline , Dettori Tinuccia , Frau Daniela Virginia , Gartner John , Fisher Garbor , Vanni Roberta , Mai Sabine , Caria Paola
Published: December 2020

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has two main histologic variants: classical-PTC (CL-PTC) and follicular variant PTC (FV-PTC). Recently, due to its similar features to benign lesions, the encapsulated FV-PTC variant was reclassified as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Nonetheless, specific molecular signatures are not yet available. It is well known that telomere-related genome instability is caused by inappropriate DNA repair of dysfunctional telomeres and that mechanisms involved in the damaged telomere repair processing may led to detrimental outcomes, altering the 3D nuclear telomere and genome organization in cancer cells. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether a specific nuclear telomere architecture might characterize NIFTP, potentially distinguishing it from other PTC histologic variants. Our findings demonstrate that 3D telomere profiles of CL-PTC and FV-PTC were different from NIFTP and that NIFTP more closely resembles follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA). NIFTP has longer telomeres than CL-PTC and FV-PTC samples and telomere length overlaps in NIFTP and FTA. There was no association between BRAF expression and telomere length in all tested samples. Our data showing that 3D nuclear telomere organization is altered differently in thyroid cancer variants, suggest that this parameter might guide clinical management of NIFTP. Although further investigations in a larger cohort of patients are necessary to corroborate our observations, telomere-related genomic instability might be of value in the diagnosis of NIFTP and allow for a more appropriate selection of the correct treatment.
Efficacy of Direct Current Stimulation on Experimental Sensory Modalities and Pain Outcome Measures in Healthy Participants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: García-Barajas Guillermo , Taylor Julian , Romero Muñoz Juan Pablo , Lerma Lara Sergio , Gil-Martínez Alfonso , Fernandez Carnero Josué
Published: December 2020

Background: Objectives. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of direct current stimulation (DCS) applied at the transcranial, suboccipital and spinal level on experimental sensory modalities and pain outcome measures in healthy subjects. The hypothesis of this study was that systematic analysis of the efficacy of DCS on modulating evoked thermal and mechanical pain modalities and mechanisms such as endogenous pain modulation in healthy individuals would reveal sensitive outcome measures help develop this technique for the control of chronic pain. Materials and Methods. Database searches were conducted up to December 2019 for randomized controlled trials that performed sham-controlled DCS of experimental sensory modalities and pain outcomes following transcranial, suboccipital and spinal locations in healthy participants. Standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for sensory modalities, including random-effect metanalysis. Results: Thirty-one studies were included for analysis (647 participants). A significant decrease in pain intensity for active vs sham transcranial stimulation was identified for pain intensity (n=158; SMD=0.79; 95% CI=0.56 to 1.02), a significant increase in heat pain threshold (n=222; SMD=1.16; 95% CI=0.95 to 1.37), and a significant increase in cold pain threshold (n = 155; SMD = 0.77, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.01). No significant modulation of pressure pain threshold was identified with DCS and only a limited number of studies focused on experimental pain modulation following neuromodulation at the suboccipital or spinal level. Conclusions: These results show significant transcranial DCS neuromodulation of pain intensity and on thermal pain modalities. Future studies should focus on endogenous pain and sensory modality modulation with sham-controlled DCS applied at transcranial, suboccipital and spinal locations.
Pharmaceutical Solutions for Deep Space Travel and Colonization: Background, Challenges, and Possibilities
Authors: Jabara James
Published: December 2020

Manned missions to Mars and other deep space exploration targets are expected to take place in the next 20 years. These missions will involve prolonged crew exposure to the unique space environment, increasing the risk that astronauts will experience additional physical and psychological health conditions beyond those that would be expected through normal aging on Earth. Thus, there is an acute need to develop therapeutic solutions that can withstand the harsh space environment, while maintaining astronaut health and maximizing crew capabilities to foster successful exploration-class missions. This review covers the nuanced and interdisciplinary challenge that is providing safe and effective pharmaceuticals for future deep space missions. First, the limitations of current pharmaceutical solutions are discussed; the impacts of the space environment on human health and chemical compound stability are covered, along with an evaluation of astronaut medication use on similar missions. Second, potential pharmaceutical solutions and concepts are presented for consideration. Future research should prioritize these and other potential innovations to ensure that our space programs are well equipped to maximize crew safety as astronauts explore deep space objectives.
Numerical simulation of pulsed gravel packing completion in horizontal wells
Authors: Zhang Zhenxiang , Yang Jin , Chen Shengnan , Ou Qibin , Zhang Yichi , Qu Ximo , Guo Yafei
Published: December 2020

Gravel packing completion method for horizontal wells has the advantages of maintaining high oil production for a long time, maintaining wellbore stability and preventing sand production, so it has become the preferred completion method for horizontal wells. At present, this technology still faces the problems of high sand bed height and poor gravel migration. In order to improve the efficiency of gravel packing in horizontal wells, pulsed gravel packing technology for horizontal wells is proposed for the first time. Based on the mechanism of hydraulic pulse, the Eularian model, RNG K-ε model and CFD model are used to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase flow. By optimizing the parameters such as frequency and amplitude of pulse waveform, the optimal pulse waveform of pulsed gravel packing in horizontal wells is determined. The effects of parameters such as sand-carrying fluid displacement, sand-carrying fluid viscosity, sand-carrying ratio, gravel particle size and string eccentricity on pulsed gravel packing in horizontal wells are studied, and the distribution law of gravel migration velocity and volume fraction in horizontal wells is obtained. According to the results, it can be seen that with the increase of displacement and viscosity of carrier fluid, the volume fraction of fixed bed and moving bed decreases gradually, while that of suspension bed increases gradually. With the increase of sand-carrying ratio, gravel particle size and string eccentricity, the volume fraction of fixed bed and moving bed increases gradually, while that of suspended bed decreases gradually. Comparing the effects of conventional gravel packing and pulsed gravel packing in horizontal wells, it can be concluded that the efficiency of pulsed gravel packing in horizontal wells is higher. The volume fraction of fixed bed and moving bed decreased by 30% and 40% respectively, while the volume fraction of suspended bed increased by 20%. The migration velocity of moving bed and suspended bed increased by 40% and 25% respectively. And the migration ability of gravel improved obviously.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Ishii Tatsuya , Katanuma Akio , Toyonaga Haruka , Chikugo Koki , Nasuno Hiroshi , Kin Toshifumi , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kuniyuki
Published: December 2020

Although pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are relatively rare tumors, their number is increasing with advances in diagnostic imaging modalities. Even small lesions that are difficult to detect using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be detected with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Contrast-enhanced EUS is useful, and not only diagnosis but also malignancy detection have become possible by evaluating the vascularity of tumors. Pathological diagnosis using EUS with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is useful when diagnostic imaging is difficult. EUS-FNA can also evaluate the grade of malignancy. Pooling the data of the studies which compared the PNENs grading between EUS-FNA samples and surgical specimen, the concordance rate was 77.5% (κ-statistic: 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.59 - 0.71, P< 0.01). EUS is a particularly important modality for the treatment of PNENs.
Desiccation Tolerance as The Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability
Authors: Smolikova Galina , Leonova Tatiana , Vashurina Natalia , Frolov Andrej , Medvedev Sergei
Published: December 2020

Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment, which essentially increased their ability to sustain water deficit and dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature in the higher vascular plants is restricted to the dehydration protection of spores, seeds and pollen, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of their water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA proteins), small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance onset are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, among which are LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression by methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling impact on seed desiccation tolerance and longevity. Moreover, orthodox seeds are able to maintain desiccation tolerance during germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point is critical in the process of seed development, as the seeds lose desiccation tolerance at this moment.
Customer Segmentation Through Path Reconstruction
Authors: García Santiago
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of smart phones, tablets and their operative systems, many positioning enabled sensors have been built into these devices. Users can now accurately fix their location according to the function of GPS receivers. For indoor environments, as in the case we are studying, WiFi based positioning is preferred to GPS due to the attenuation or obstruction of signals. This paper deals with the automatic classification of customers in a Sports Shop Center on the basis of their movements around the shop's premises. To achieve this goal, we start by collecting (x,y) coordinates from customers while they visit the store. Consequently, any costumer's path through the shop is formed by a list of coordinates, obtained with a frequency of one measurement per minute. Then, a guess about the full trajectory is constructed and a number of parameters about these trajectories is calculated before performing an Unsupervised Learning Clustering Process. As a result, we can identify several types of customers, and the dynamics of their behavior inside the shop. This information is of great value to the company, to be used both in the long term and also in short periods of time, monitoring the current state of the shop at any moment, identifying different types of situation appearing during restricted periods, or predicting customer flow conditions
Detonation Nanodiamonds: A Comparison Study by Photoacoustic, Diffuse Reflectance, and Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR spectroscopies
Authors: Volkov Dmitry S. , Krivoshein Petr K. , Proskurnin Mikhail A.
Published: December 2020

The qualitative analysis of nanodiamonds by FTIR spectrometry as photoacoustic (PAS), diffuse-reflectance (DRIFT), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modalities was evaluated for rapid and nondestructive analysis and comparison of nanodiamonds. The spectra reproducibility and signal-gathering depth was compared. The assignment of characteristic bands showed that only six groups of bands were present in spectra of all the modalities with appropriate sensitivity: 1760 (C=O stretch, isolated carboxyl groups); 1640–1632 (H–O–H bend, liquid water); 1400–1370 (non-carboxyl C–O–H in-plane bend and CH2 deformation); 1103 (non-carboxyl C–O stretch); 1060 (in-plane C–H bend, non-aromatic hydrocarbons and carbohydrates); and 940 cm–1 (out-of-plane carboxyl C–O–H bend). DRIFT provides the maximum number of bands and is capable of measuring hydrogen-bonded bands and CHX groups. ATR provides the good sensitivity for water and C–H/C–C bands in the range 2000–400 cm–1. PAS-FTIR reveals less bands than DRIFT but more intense bands than ATR-FTIR and shows the maximum sensitivity for absorption bands that do not appear in ATR-IR spectra and are expedient for supporting either DRIFT or PAS along with depth-profiling. Thus, all three modalities are required for full characterization of nanodiamonds surface functional groups.
Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Blazquez-Martín Agustín , Verde-Sesto Ester , Moreno Angel J. , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan , Pomposo José A.
Published: December 2020

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.
Implications of Inadequate Water and Sanitation Infrastructure for Community Spread of COVID-19 in Remote Alaskan Communities
Authors: Eichelberger Laura , Dev Subhabrata , Howe Tricia , Barnes David , Bortz Eric , Briggs Brandon , Cochran Patricia , Dotson Aaron , Drown Devin , Hahn Micah , Mattos Kaitlin , Aggarwal Srijan
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in the human population in December 2019 and spread worldwide within a few short months. Much of the public health focus for preventing and mitigating the spread of COVID-19 has been on individual and collective behaviors, such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and hygiene. Yet it is equally important to recognize that these behaviors and health outcomes occur within broader social and environmental contexts. Factors within local communities, regional policy, race, history, personal beliefs, and natural- and built environmental characteristics affect underlying population health and the spread of disease. For example, COVID-19 has renewed attention to secure water and sanitation services and their importance in protecting human health. Many remote Alaskan communities are particularly vulnerable because of inadequate water and sanitation systems. In this paper, we describe how inadequate water and sewer services may place the inhabitants of remote Alaskan communities at higher risk of COVID spread. We argue that insufficient water security and inadequate sewer systems, along with household overcrowding, multigenerational residences, limited transportation options, limited medical facilities, and higher prevalence of chronic diseases could lead to a greater potential of COVID-19 transmission and to more severe disease outcomes in these communities.
Monitoring New Long-Lasting Intravitreal Formulation for Glaucoma with Vitreous Images Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Palomar Amaya Pérez del , Montolío Alberto , Mendez-Martinez Silvia , Subias Manuel , Cardiel Maria Jose , Martinez-Rincon Teresa , Cegoñino José , Fraile Jose M. , Vispe Eugenio , Mayoral José , Polo Vicente , Garcia-Martin Elena
Published: December 2020

Intravitreal injection is the gold standard therapeutic option for posterior segment pathologies, and long-lasting release is necessary to avoid reinjections. There is no effective intravitreal treatment for glaucoma or other optic neuropathies in daily practice, nor is there a non-invasive method to monitor drug levels in the vitreous. Here we show that a glaucoma treatment combining a hypotensive and neuroprotective intravitreal formulation (IF) of brimonidine-Laponite (BRI/LAP) can be monitored non-invasively using vitreous imaging captured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) over 24 weeks of follow-up. Qualitative and quantitative characterization was achieved by analysing the changes in vitreous (VIT) signal intensity, expressed as a ratio of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) intensity. Vitreous hyperreflective aggregates mixed in the vitreous and tended to settle on the retinal surface. Relative intensity and aggregate size progressively decreased over 24 weeks in treated rat eyes as the BRI/LAP IF degraded. VIT/RPE relative intensity and total aggregate area correlated with brimonidine levels measured in the eye. The OCT-derived VIT/RPE relative intensity may be a useful and objective marker for non-invasive monitoring of BRI/LAP IF.
Application of Immobilized Cholest-4-en-3-one Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Sterolibacterium denitrificans for Dehydrogenation of Steroids
Authors: Tataruch Mateusz , Wójcik Patrycja , Wojtkiewicz Agnieszka M. , Zaczyk Katarzyna , Szymańska Katarzyna , Szaleniec Maciej
Published: December 2020

Cholest-4-en-3-one Δ1-dehydrogenase (AcmB) from Sterolibacterium denitrificans is successfully immobilized on 3-aminopropyltrimethoysilane functionalized MCF and SBA-15 silica supports using adsorption or covalently with glutaraldehyde or divinyl sulfone linkers. The best catalyst, AcmB on MCF linked covalently with glutaraldehyde, retains the specific activity of the homogenous enzyme while exhibiting a substantial increase of the operational stability. The immobilized enzyme was used continuously in the fed-batch reactor for 27 days, catalyzing 1,2-dehydrogenation of androst-4-en-3-one to androst-1,4-dien-3-one with a final yield of 29.9 mM (8.56 g/L) and 99% conversion. The possibility of reuse of the immobilized catalyst was also demonstrated and resulted with a doubling of the product amount compared to that in the reference homogenous reactor. Finally, it was shown that molecular oxygen from the air can efficiently be used as an electron acceptor either reoxidizing directly the enzyme or the reduced DCPIPH2. Keywords: 3-ketosteroid D1-dehydrogenase; KSTD; KSDH; AcmB; 1,2-dehydrogenation; cholest-4-en-3-one Δ1-dehydrogenase; enzyme immobilization, FAD-dependent enzymes; enzyme immobilization;
Knud Rasmussen Glacier Status Analysis Based on Historical Data and Moving Detection Using RPAS
Authors: Pavelka Karel , Šedina Jaroslav , jr. Karel Pavelka
Published: December 2020

This article discusses an international scientific expedition to Greenland that researched geography, geodesy, botany, and glaciology of the area. The results here focus on the geodetic and glaciological results obtained with the eBee drone in the eastern part of Greenland at the front of the Knud Rasmussen glacier. From two overflights nearby the glacier front, it was possible to obtain the speed of the glacier flow and the distribution of velocities in the glacier stream. The results correlate with other measurement methods and this technology has been shown as feasible. Of course, there are more accurate and long-term options or devices for monitoring the flow of glaciers. In this case of short-term visits to the site, the possibility of using a drone is interesting and the results show not only the flow speed of the glacier, but also the shape and structure from a height of up to 200m. The second part of the paper focuses on the analysis of modern satellite images of the Knud Rasmussen glacier from Google Earth (Landsat series 1984-2016) and a comparison with historical aerial images from 1932-1933. Experimentally, historical images were processed photogrammetrically into a 3D model.
Review of Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography with Linear and Non-Linear Correlations
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar , Katkus Tomas , Ng Soon Hock , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: December 2020

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a well-established incoherent imaging technique. In FINCH, three self-interference holograms are recorded with calculated phase differences between the two interfering, differently modulated object waves and projected into a complex hologram. The object is reconstructed without the twin image and bias terms by a numerical Fresnel back propagation of the complex hologram. A modified approach to implement FINCH by a single camera shot by pre-calibrating the system involving recording of the point spread function library and reconstruction by a non-linear cross-correlation has been introduced recently. The expression of the imaging characteristics from the modulation functions in original FINCH and the modified approach by pre-calibration in spatial and polarization multiplexing schemes are reviewed. The study reveals that a reconstructing function completely independent of the function of the phase mask is required for the faithful expression of the characteristics of the modulating function in the image reconstruction. In polarization multiplexing method by cross-correlation, a partial expression was observed, while in spatial multiplexing method by cross-correlation, the imaging characteristics converged towards a uniform behavior.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF TIME-LAPSE MICORGRAVITY DATA CASE STUDY IN KOTA LAMA SEMARANG TOURISM AREA
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Khumaedi Khumaedi , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: December 2020

A time-lapse microgravity survey has been carried out in the Kota Lama (Semarang, Indonesia) tourism area. The survey in question is to measure gravity at the same point repeatedly with a specific time interval, in this case, conducted in January 2019 and July 2019. Measuring gravity is carried out at as many as 75 points that are spread evenly at the survey location. The instrument used is a Scintrex CG5 type gravimeter and GPS to determine the latitude and the longitude of each measuring point. The measurement results after being corrected, namely the Apungan and the Appeal correction, obtained the observational gravity (gob) in the January 2019 period showing that a minimum of 978118.44 mGal and a maximum gravity of 978118.88 mGal, while the minimum gravity measurement value in July 2019 showed a minimum of 978118.62 mGal and a maximum of 978118.88 mGal. Changes in the value (anomaly) gravity during the time interval, there are two possibilities, positive (0.02 to 0.29 mGal) and negative (-0.11 to -0.01 mGal). Both of these anomaly prices, if they are modeled, an anomaly source will be obtained, which is a positive anomaly caused by subsidence and a negative caused by changes in subsurface density related to dynamics (decrease or increase) of groundwater level.