bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of silica‐decorated graphene oxide nanohybrid system as a highly efficient reinforcement for woven jute fabric reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Amirabadi‐Zadeh Mahnaz , Khosravi Hamed , Tohidlou Esmaeil
Published: July 2020

In the current work, silica‐decorated graphene oxide (SiO2@GONPs) nanohybrids were used to reinforce the jute fiber/epoxy (JF/EP) composite. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was utilized to prepare the SiO2@GONPs using a facial route. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy, and elemental X‐ray mapping confirmed the successful synthesis of SiO2@GONPs nanohybrids. Herein, the effects of SiO2@GONPs loading (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) on the mechanical behavior of the JF/EP composite were investigated with emphasis on the flexural and high‐velocity impact properties. The results revealed that reinforcement of matrix with 0.3 wt% SiO2@GONPs enhanced the flexural strength of the JF/EP composite by about 40%. The energy absorption capability and impact limit velocity of the 0.3 wt% SiO2@GONPs‐filled JF/EP composite were 61 and 28%, respectively, higher than those of the neat specimen. Compared to the untreated‐GONPs, the SiO2@GONPs nanohybrid demonstrated an evident superiority in improving the mechanical properties of the JF/EP composite at the same loading. Evaluation of the fracture surfaces of the multiscale composites revealed that the improved fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding was the basic mechanism of fracture in these specimens.
Prostaglandins influence protein phosphorylation in established insect cell line
Authors: Stanley David , Goodman Cynthia L. , Ringbauer Joseph A. , Song Qisheng
Published: July 2020

Prostaglandins (PGs) are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among other actions in invertebrates, PGs act in ovarian development, renal functions, immunity, hemocyte migration, and gene/protein expression. Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism of regulating protein functions in eukaryotic cells and for some mammalian proteins it is influenced by PGs. We posed the hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells, which we tested with the established insect cell line, BCIRL‐HzAM1. After 20, 30, or 40 min incubations in the presence of one of three PGs (at 15 μM), PGA2, PGE1, or PGF2α, separate sets of cells were processed for analysis by two‐dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We recorded significant phosphorylation changes in 31 proteins, decreases in 15, and increases in 15, and one protein with increased or decreased phosphorylation, depending on PG treatment. Increasing PG exposure times led to changes in fewer proteins, 20 min incubations led to changes in 16 proteins, 30 min to changes in 13, and 40 min to changes in 2 proteins. The proteins were identified by bioinformatic analyses, including transcript description, calculated molecular weights and isoelectric points, MOlecular Weight SEarch score, total ion score, numbers of peptides, percent protein coverage, E‐value, and highest peptide score. The data presented in this paper firmly support our hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells and adds a novel PG‐signaled function to insect biology.
Do the stars align?: Stakeholders and strategies in libraries' curation of an astronomy dataset
Authors: Darch Peter T. , Sands Ashley E. , Borgman Christine L. , Golshan Milena S.
Published: July 2020

When developing university‐based research data curation services, libraries face critical decisions around organization and sustainability that can affect dataset producers' satisfaction with these services. We present a study, involving interviews (n = 43) and ethnographic observation, of how two libraries partnered with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to curate a significant astronomy dataset. Each library took different decisions: one library assigned activities to a unit specializing in digital curation, while the other distributed activities across its existing units. Neither approach proved a silver bullet. While library staff members felt the outcomes largely met their expectations, SDSS leaders expressed mixed opinions. We identify three factors that contributed to these differences in perspective: differing strategic motivations for undertaking this Data Transfer Process, SDSS leaders' misperceptions about libraries, and organizational mismatches. These factors contributed to four differences in perspective between SDSS leaders and library staff: provenance as technical information or as information about social context, dataset as a live research object or as a static object to be preserved, systems and services tailored to the dataset or easily adaptable to other datasets, and obstacles as setbacks or as opportunities. Only those differences that emerged when SDSS collaboration members and library staff communicated frequently were resolved.
Inorganic Pb‐Free Perovskite Light Absorbers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: July 2020

Recently, enormous efforts have been made to develop the efficient, lead (Pb) free and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this regards, various strategies were applied and the optoelectronic properties of various Pb free perovskites such as (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, Cs3Sb2I9, Cs3Bi2I9, CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3GeI3 etc have been investigated. However, the photovoltaic performance of the developed PSCs was still low and presence of organic moieties in common hole‐transport materials (HTMs) shows poor stability against moisture and heat. Herein, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of all inorganic Pb free perovskites (Cs3Sb2I9=1 and Cs3Bi2I9=2) and employed novel strategies (dissolution‐recrystallization) to prepare the efficient Pb free PSCs. The band gaps of the 1 and 2 were found to be 2.2 eV and 2.0 eV, respectively. The developed PSCs with 1 and 2 exhibited the power conversion efficiency of 0.68% and 1.087%, respectively.
Hysteresis in poly‐2′‐deoxycytidine i‐motif folding is impacted by the method of analysis as well as loop and stem lengths
Authors: Rogers R. Aaron , Meyer Madeline R. , Stewart Kayla M. , Eyring Gabriela M. , Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J.
Published: July 2020

In DNA, i‐motif (iM) folds occur under slightly acidic conditions when sequences rich in 2′‐deoxycytidine (dC) nucleotides adopt consecutive dC self base pairs. The pH stability of an iM is defined by the midpoint in the pH transition (pHT) between the folded and unfolded states. Two different experiments to determine pHT values via circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were performed on poly‐dC iMs of length 15, 19, or 23 nucleotides. These experiments demonstrate two points: (1) pHT values were dependent on the titration experiment performed, and (2) pH‐induced denaturing or annealing processes produced isothermal hysteresis in the pHT values. These results in tandem with model iMs with judicious mutations of dC to thymidine to favor particular folds found the hysteresis was maximal for the shorter poly‐dC iMs and those with an even number of base pairs, while the hysteresis was minimal for longer poly‐dC iMs and those with an odd number of base pairs. Experiments to follow the iM folding via thermal changes identified thermal hysteresis between the denaturing and annealing cycles. Similar trends were found to those observed in the CD experiments. The results demonstrate that the method of iM analysis can impact the pHT parameter measured, and hysteresis was observed in the pHT and Tm values.
Pre‐Gestational intake of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 has anxiolytic effects in adolescent Sprague Dawley offspring
Authors: Niu Yunxia , Liang Shan , Wang Tao , Hu Xu , Li Wei , Wu Xiaoli , Jin Feng
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Adolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on reducing anxiety. The maternal microbiome plays an important role in child health outcomes and in the establishment of the offspring microbiome. Few studies have investigated the impact of gestational probiotic supplementation on the offspring's anxiety.

Methods

The present study examined the impact of prenatal Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation (LAC) on Sprague Dawley rat offspring's anxiety‐like behavior. The behaviors tested in the present study include the elevated plus maze (EPM), the open field test (OFT), and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Analyses of variance were utilized.

Results

(a) The performance of LAC adolescent rats in the EPM was similar to that in the OFT, both of which reflect that LAC caused an antianxiety effect in adolescent offspring rats and the antianxiety effect without sex differences; (b) LAC did not change performance in PPI and did not change the sex and age differences in PPI; and c. LAC decreased the body mass of rat offspring.

Conclusion

Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation during gestation might have a moderate antianxiety effect in both males and females (especially adolescents) and be helpful for avoiding excessive body mass.
Postoperative cognitive change after cardiac surgery predicts long‐term cognitive outcome
Authors: Relander Kristiina , Hietanen Marja , Rantanen Kirsi , Rämö Juhani , Vento Antti , Saastamoinen Kari‐Pekka , Roine Risto O. , Soinne Lauri
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common consequence of coronary artery bypass grafting. However, domain‐specific associations between postoperative changes and long‐term performance are poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether domain‐specific cognitive changes after cardiac surgery predict long‐term cognitive outcome.

Materials and Methods

We assessed 100 patients (86 men, mean age 60) before coronary artery bypass grafting, with re‐examinations after one week, three months, and a mean of 6.7 years. The extensive neuropsychological test battery was organized into seven functional cognitive domains. Cognitive decline and improvement were defined with the reliable change index derived from 17 matching healthy controls. Analyses were adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, age, gender, education and cardiovascular risks factors.

Results

On group level, one week after surgery 71% patients showed cognitive decline and 9% improvement in any functional domain, as compared to preoperative results. Three months postsurgery, decline was observed in 47% and improvement in 25% of patients. Executive functioning was the most sensitive domain to both decline and improvement. Postoperative dysfunction predicted long‐term cognitive deterioration six years after operation, particularly in the domain of executive functioning.

Conclusions

POCD after coronary artery bypass grafting is an essential risk factor for long‐term deterioration and an indication for neuropsychological follow‐up. Assessment of change in executive functioning after coronary artery bypass grafting may help to identify patients at risk for unfavorable long‐term outcome.
Disentangling the relationship between cholesterol, aggression, and impulsivity in severe mental disorders
Authors: Hjell Gabriela , Mørch‐Johnsen Lynn , Holst René , Tesli Natalia , Bell Christina , Lunding Synve Hoffart , Rødevand Linn , Werner Maren Caroline Frogner , Melle Ingrid , Andreassen Ole Andreas , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Steen Nils Eiel , Haukvik Unn Kristin
Published: July 2020

Objective

Low total cholesterol has been linked with adverse mental symptoms such as aggression and impulsivity in severe mental disorders (SMDs). This putative association may affect the clinician's decision making about cholesterol lowering in this patient group. Here, we investigated the associations between cholesterol levels, aggression, and impulsivity in a large representative sample of in‐ and outpatients with SMD.

Methods

Patients with schizophrenia‐ or bipolar spectrum disorders (N = 1 001) underwent thorough clinical characterization and blood sampling (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Aggression was characterized by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in a subsample of patients (N = 288). We used a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and aggression and a multiple linear regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and impulsivity, while controlling for confounders.

Results

We found no significant associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. There were no significant interactions between cholesterol and diagnostic group or inpatient versus outpatient status. Controlling for medication use, body mass index, alcohol or illicit substance use did not affect the results.

Conclusion

In this large sample of patients with schizophrenia‐ and bipolar spectrum disorders, we found no associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. This has clinical implications as patients with SMD are at increased CVD risk and currently undertreated with statins.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of mixing and gas–liquid mass transfer in wave bag bioreactor
Authors: Svay Kirilynn , Urrea Christine , Shamlou Parviz Ayazi , Zhang Hu
Published: July 2020

Single use bioreactors provide an attractive alternative to traditional deep‐tank stainless steel bioreactors in process development and more recently manufacturing process. Wave bag bioreactors, in particular, have shown potential applications for cultivation of shear sensitive human and animal cells. However, the lack of knowledge about the complex fluid flow environment prevailing in wave bag bioreactors has so far hampered the development of a scientific rationale for their scale up. In this study, we use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the details of the flow field in a 20‐L wave bag bioreactor as a function of rocking angle and rocking speed. The results are presented in terms of local and mean velocities, mixing, and energy dissipation rates, which are used to create a process engineering framework for the scale‐up of wave bag bioreactors. Proof‐of‐concept analysis of mixing and fluid flow in the 20‐L wave bag bioreactor demonstrates the applicability of the CFD methodology and the temporal and spatial energy dissipation rates integrated and averaged over the liquid volume in the bag provide the means to correlate experimental volumetric oxygen transfer rates (kLa) data with power per unit volume. This correlation could be used as a rule of thumb for scaling up and down the wave bag bioreactors.
Single‐cell oil production by Mortierella isabellinaDSM 1414 using different sugars as carbon source
Authors: Demir Muammer , Gündes Aysen Güher
Published: July 2020

Pure carbon sources, especially carbohydrates which are raw materials deriving from agro‐industrial processes, are often used for small‐scale single‐cell oil production by fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different pure carbon sources on cell growth, lipid accumulation, and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) production by the filamentous fungus Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen). The sugars utilized in this study are found extensively and abundantly in nature, especially in food raw materials and, in consequence, in agro‐food industry wastes or surpluses. Thus, the potential of many waste materials containing these sugars to be used in the production of single‐cell oil by fermentation could also be evaluated. The effects of the sugars utilized on cell growth, biomass production, and lipid production were investigated. Fatty acids were also analysed in the lipids produced at the end of the fermentations. Results showed that the maximum biomass production was 10.80 g/L in lactose‐based media, while the maximum oil production was 5.44 g/L in maltose‐based media. Oleic (20.42%–42.94%), palmitic (14.96%–22.19%), and stearic (9.00%–26.92%) acids were the major fatty acids along with linoleic acid (11.35%–18.67%) and GLA (3.56%–8.04%). The production of GLA as the target fatty acid was remarkable. This study indicates that agro‐industrial waste including most of the sugars utilized (except for arabinose and sucrose with lipid production of 0.81 and 0.28 g/L, respectively) can be employed for production of single‐cell oil by M. isabellina DSM 1414 which contains a high amount of GLA.
Female ejaculation: An update on anatomy, history, and controversies
Authors: Rodriguez Felix D. , Camacho Amarilis , Bordes Stephen J. , Gardner Brady , Levin Roy J. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: July 2020

Female ejaculation is a contentious topic. From a review of the literature, history indicates that it is not a modern concept; some females were aware of it in times past without understanding the role of the fluid or composition of the ejaculate. Over time, scholars experimented, mainly with anatomical studies, in an attempt to identify the source of the ejaculate and explore its physiological and anatomical benefits for the female sexual experience. Despite these studies, views about female ejaculation remain controversial and inconsistent, with no clear conclusion as to its function. This review discusses the history of studies of female ejaculation and presents various hypotheses from an anatomical and physiological perspective. After reviewing 44 publications from 1889 to 2019, it became apparent that clinical and anatomical studies conducted during recent decades provide substantial evidence in support of the female ejaculatory phenomenon. Anatomical studies have shown that the ejaculate originates in the paraurethral (Skene's) glands, but its composition has been debated. Female ejaculate differs from urine in its creatinine and urea concentrations. The fluid also contains prostate specific antigen (PSA) and could have antibacterial properties that serve to protect the urethra. While the specific function of female ejaculation remains a topic of debate, there is sufficient evidence to support the existence of the phenomenon.
Bridging the gap between student instruction and advanced research: Educational software tool for manufacturing learning
Authors: Urbikain Gorka , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto
Published: July 2020

Currently, there is a big gap between industry and the instructions provided by engineers at the University. Manufacturing companies need engineers with specific profiles and skills in machining. Teachers, who face both worlds, must play an active role in shortening the transition times of students. Recently, barrel‐end mills have been the focus of attention of toolmakers and manufacturers due to their excellent production times and surface accuracies. They are outstanding competitors to more traditional ball‐end mills in some applications. This study raises the challenge of translating the developed work for this kind of tool from the research domain into the classroom at the University. For this, a software tool proBARR© was developed and used for learning of the subject of manufacturing. This educational software is capable of predicting cutting forces and surface topography in milling with barrel‐end mills and was successfully introduced as part of the students' learning process. A software tool was created for the analysis and prediction of cutting forces and surface quality in milling processes with barrel‐end mills. This specific problem was addressed from past experience in research projects but was then adapted for academic use. The teachers believe that, if suitably presented to students, the tool provides an excellent opportunity to approach real problems in industry, thus boosting instructions for future engineers. In this way, a pragmatic methodology to computational thinking is presented that transforms traditional difficulties associated with process modeling into more comprehensive tasks, more oriented toward solving specific problems.
Using process simulators in Chemical Engineering education: Is it possible to minimize the “black box” effect?
Authors: Roman Claudia , Delgado Miguel A. , García‐Morales Moisés
Published: July 2020

Simulators are instrumental to engineers and scientists, in general, and to chemical engineers,more specifically, which enable the optimization and analysis of alternative solutions in a time‐efficient and cost‐effective way. Thus, their integration into Chemical Engineering studies has gained traction over the years in supporting traditional lectures or as the sole tool for knowledge transmission. However, despite their proven benefits in Higher Education, limitations exist, as the application of the tool may result in deficient learning. In fact, the algorithms and design equations that are used to transform inputs into results are not identifiable by the students, thereby instilling a “superficial understanding” of the problem. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide some guidelines through three simple case studies, which may help minimize the so‐called “black box” effect. Two different state‐of‐the‐art computational tools were used in parallel. Aspen One simulations provided the reference point, which was used by the students to verify the process models built by them with Mathcad Prime. A survey taken by the students then allowed conclusions to be made, which concurred that the experience had been very successful.
Safety‐net hospitals versus non‐safety centers and clinical outcomes after trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Adil , Deo Salil V. , Riaz Haris , Raza Sajjad , Altarabsheh Salah E. , Wilson Brigid , Elgudin Yakov , Cmolik Brian , Pelletier Marc , Markowitz Alan H.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To compare post‐procedural outcomes of trans‐catheter valve replacement (TAVR) among safety‐net (SNH) and non‐safety net hospitals (non‐SNH).

Background

SNH treat a large population of un‐insured and low income patients; prior studies report worse outcome at these centers. Results of TAVR at these centers is limited.

Methods

Adults undergoing TAVR at hospitals in the US participating in the National In‐patient sample (NIS) database from January 2014 to December 2015 were included. A 1:1 propensity‐matched cohort of patients operated at SNH and non‐SNH institutions was analyzed, on the basis of 16 demographic and clinical co‐variates. Main outcome was all‐cause post‐procedural mortality. Secondary outcomes included stroke, acute kidney injury and length of post‐operative stay.

Results

Between 2014 and 2015, 41,410 patients (mean age 80 ± 0.11 years, 46% female) underwent TAVR at 731 centers; 6,996 (16.80%) procedures were performed at SNH comprising 135/731 (18.4%) of all centers performing TAVR. SNH patients were more likely to be female (49% vs. 46%, p < .001); admitted emergently (31% vs. 21%; p < .001; at the lowest quartile for household income (25% % vs. 20%; p < .001) and from minorities (Blacks 5.9% vs. 3.9%; Hispanic 7.2% vs. 3.2%).Adjusted logistic regression was performed on 6,995 propensity‐matched patient pairs. Post‐procedural mortality [OR 0.99(0.98–1.007); p = .43], stroke [OR 1.009(0.99–1.02); p = .08], acute kidney injury [OR 0.99(0.96–1.01); p = .5] and overall length of stay (6.9 ± 0.1 vs. 7.1 ± 0.2 days; p = .57) were comparable in both cohorts.

Conclusion

Post‐procedural outcomes after TAVR at SNH are comparable to national outcomes and wider adoption of TAVR at SNH may not adversely influence outcomes.
Impact of a contrast media volume control device on acute kidney injury rate in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Briguori Carlo , Golino Marco , Porchetta Nicola , Scarpelli Mario , De Micco Francesca , Rubino Carmine , Focaccio Amelia , Signoriello Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The DyeVert™ system (Osprey Medical Inc., Minnesota, MN) may reduce contrast media (CM) volume during coronary procedures while maintaining fluoroscopic image quality. Here, we assessed whether the use of the DyeVert system reduces acute kidney injury (AKI) rate in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing invasive coronary procedures.

METHODS

ACS patients scheduled for coronary procedure from January 2017 to December 2019 were included. Two groups were identified: (a) Control group (n = 339), including patients in which a conventional manual injection syringe was used; and (b) DyeVert group (n = 112), in which CM injection was handled by the DyeVert™ system. A propensity score matching was performed to reduce the effect of treatment selection bias and potential confounders. In all cases, a low‐osmolar, nonionic CM was administered. The primary objective was the rate of AKI, defined as a serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl within 72 hr after CM exposure.

RESULTS

CM volume was higher in the Control group than in the DyeVert group (130 [120–188] ml vs. 99 [69–136] ml; p <.001). In the DyeVert group the mean percent CM volume saved was 38 ± 13%. AKI occurred in 7/90 patients (8%) in the DyeVert group and in 17/90 (19%) patients in the Control group (odds ratio = 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.95; p =.047).

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary result suggests that CM volume reduction obtained by the DyeVert™ system is an effective strategy to prevent AKI in ACS patients undergoing invasive procedure.
The reversed bell‐bottom technique (ReBel‐B) for the endovascular treatment of iliac artery aneurysms
Authors: Mazzaccaro Daniela , Righini Paolo , Zuccon Gianmarco , Modafferi Alfredo , Malacrida Giovanni , Nano Giovanni
Published: July 2020

Objective

To describe the results of the reversed bell‐bottom (ReBel‐B) technique for the endovascular treatment of iliac aneurysms (IA) involving the origin of hypogastric artery (HA).

Methods

The ReBel‐B technique is a strategy for the occlusion of HA in selected patients presenting with IA, in whom the HA cannot be spared or safely occluded with coils or vascular plugs. When employing this technique, an iliac flared (“bell‐bottom”) extension is deployed in a reverse fashion, through a contralateral crossover femoral access that allows the occlusion of the HA at its origin, by exploiting the flared “bell” part of the reversed endograft. A second limb is then deployed to complete the implant, from the common iliac to the external iliac artery, inside the previous graft.

Data of all consecutive patients treated with this technique in our experience were then retrospectively reviewed, and outcomes analyzed.

Results

The ReBel‐B technique was employed in total of six patients who came in an emergent setting for the rupture of a common IA, from January 2014 to December 2018. Endovascular exclusion was performed using a ReBel‐B graft plus iliac leg in five out of six cases. In the remaining case, a bifurcated aortic endograft was used to complete the aneurysm exclusion. Technical success was 100%. No complications occurred.

Conclusions

In selected cases, the ReBel‐B technique can be used for the complete exclusion of IA preventing type II endoleak from the HA, when the embolization with coils or plug or the preservation of the HA is anatomically unfeasible.
Malnutrition and chyle leakage: A life‐threatening duo in heart transplantation post‐Fontan procedure
Authors: Lezo Antonella , Aidala Enrico , Deorsola Luca , Cascarano Maria Teresa , Rizzo Alberta , Iannandrea Stefania , Peruzzi Licia , Runfola Federica , Pace Napoleone Carlo
Published: July 2020

Protein‐losing enteropathy and chyle leakage may lead to severe malnutrition in heart transplantation for failing Fontan. Nutritional management may be challenging from defining nutrient needs to diagnosis of malnutrition enteropathy, and expertise is necessary. Body composition and hematological nutritional indices may help define malnutrition severity and guide nutritional strategy.
Neonatal tetanus in St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor: A case report
Authors: Okidi Ronald , Sambo Vanusa Da Consolação , Eyul Jacob
Published: July 2020

Umbilical stump sepsis in a nonpassively immunized neonate poses a high risk to neonatal tetanus. Management of neonatal tetanus is still a great challenge in resource‐limited settings where some health facilities lack tetanus toxoid containing vaccines, ventilator support, and inaccessibility of tetanus immunoglobulin.
Impacts of lower‐leaf removal timing, number, and nitrogen application to flue‐cured tobacco
Authors: Finch Camden E. , Vann Matthew C. , Wells Randy , Fisher Loren R. , Brown A. Blake
Published: July 2020

The removal and exclusion of lower‐stalk tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) from harvest continues to be encouraged by industry. Very little information addresses the timing aspect of leaf removal, specifically when it occurs near floral initiation. Research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate each possible treatment combination of two lower‐leaf removal programs (0 and 8 leaves/plant), three removal timings (2 wk before topping, at topping, and 2 wk after topping), and two N application rates (0 and 10 lb/ac). Soil plant analysis development (SPAD) measurements consistently revealed a lighter leaf color in treatments consisting of leaf removal 2 wk before topping, regardless of N application rate. Foliar cured leaf samples from upper‐stalk positions also contained less total N when eight leaves (2.25%) were removed relative to zero leaves (2.32%). These results indicate that subsequent N fertilizer application did not supply N as efficiently as remobilization from lower, older leaves. In the 8‐leaf removal program, both cured leaf yield and value declined by 27% relative to the 0‐leaf program. Despite significant losses in yield and value, the 8‐leaf program completely eliminated lug grades of tobacco. Leaf removal timing and N application rate did not affect yield, quality, value, or grade distribution. Our results suggest that there is no agronomic or cost to removing lower leaves 2 wk before or after topping; however, commercial farmers may find this information to be of use from a time management perspective, should they decide to implement this practice.
Rational Design of a Uranyl Metal–Organic Framework for the Capture and Colorimetric Detection of Organic Dyes
Authors: Surbella Robert G. , Carter Korey P. , Lohrey Trevor D. , Reilly Dallas , Kalaj Mark , McNamara Bruce K. , Schwantes Jon , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: July 2020

A new uranyl containing metal–organic framework, RPL‐1: [(UO2)2(C28H18O8)] . H2O (RPL for Radiochemical Processing Laboratory), was prepared, structurally characterized, and the solid‐state photoluminescence properties explored. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction data reveals the structure of RPL‐1 consists of two crystallographically unique three dimensional, interpenetrating nets with a 4,3‐connected tbo topology. Each net contains large pores with an average width of 22.8 Å and is formed from monomeric, hexagonal bipyramidal uranyl nodes that are linked via 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene (TCPB) ligands. The thermal and photophysical properties of RPL‐1 were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and absorbance, fluorescence, and lifetime spectroscopies. The material displays excellent thermal stability and temperature dependent uranyl and TCPB luminescence. The framework is stable in aqueous media and due to the large void space (constituting 76 % of the unit cell by volume) can sequester organic dyes, the uptake of which induces a visible change to the color of the material.
Diazaboryl‐naphthyl‐ketone: A New Scaffold with Bright Fluorescence, Aggregation‐Induced Emission, and Application in the Quantitation of Trace Boronic Acids in Drug Intermediates
Authors: Hackney Hannah E. , Paladino Marco , Fu Hao , Hall Dennis G.
Published: July 2020

This study describes the synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of a new luminescent polyaromatic boronic acid scaffold, diazaboryl‐naphthyl‐ketones (DNKs). These stable compounds display extremely bright fluorescence, aggregation‐induced emission, positive solvatochromism, and solid‐state fluorescence. DFT calculations and X‐ray crystallographic study revealed notable electronic and structural differences between these compounds and the parent diaminonaphthalene (DAN) adducts. Acylation of the DAN system causes a localization of both HOMO and LUMO onto the DNK unit, which validates the negligible influence of the B‐aryl substituent. The LUMO energy is lowered, and its shape significantly altered. Photophysical data in solution and the solid state revealed blue‐shifted, narrowed, and intense emissions for DNKs (up to 89 % quantum yield). The potential utility of the fluorogenic DNK system was demonstrated with a proof‐of‐concept for the determination of trace boronic acid contaminants in solid samples, down to one‐ppm level, using HPLC with fluorescence detection. This method could be useful in pharmaceutical development for the quantitation of difficult‐to‐detect and potentially mutagenic residual boronic acid from late cross‐coupling reactions in drug syntheses.
Ordered Honeycomb‐Pattern Membrane†
Authors: Yuan Hua , Li Guangzhen , Dai Enhao , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu , Hao Longyun , Tan Yeqiang
Published: July 2020

Ordered porous membranes have wide and important application prospects in the fields of filtration, separation, catalysis, biomedicine, etc., and have attracted growing interest in the field of material science. Among diverse membrane preparation approaches, breath pattern method has been widely concerned due to its simplicity in the preparation, ease in tuning the structure/property and functionality of formed membranes, and broad utility for various polymers. With the development of material design, the application spectrum of breath figure membrane has been greatly expanded. However, since the pore morphology of porous membrane is influenced by many factors, the controlling mechanism of normalization has not been clear yet. In this paper, the research progress of film‐forming materials in recent years is reviewed, and the correlation between pore formation and pore morphology is discussed in details. This information will provide a systematic and in‐depth perspective for research in this filed and an important guideline for the preparation of the ordered porous films with divergent applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorodinitrobenzenes with Tunable Melting Point: Potential Low Sensitive Energetic Plasticizer and Melt‐Cast Carrier†
Authors: Li Yunlu , Chen Peng , Liu Yan , Yin Ping , He Chunlin , Pang Siping
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

In order to explore the effects of fluoro substituents on the energy and safety of energetic compounds, a series of fluorodinitrobenzenes including 1,3‐difluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (1), 1,5‐difluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (2), 1,2,3‐trifluoro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzne (3) and 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (4) were prepared. All the compounds were fully characterized. The structures of 2 and 3 were further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results show that these compounds exhibit comparable detonation properties (D = 6703‐6978 m·s–1, and p = 21.3—23.7 GPa) to those of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) due to the significantly increased density of fluorine introduced. Low sensitivity (IS > 40 J, and FS > 360 N) of these compounds along with different melting points make them potential candidates for different allocation. Among them, 1 and 4 with the melting point of 42.5 °C and 55.2 °C, respectively, show promise for application in the field of energetic plasticizer. Compounds 2 and 3 are potential low sensitive melt‐cast carrier due to their similar melting point and superior detonation performance to that of TNT.
Optimization of 4‐Substituted Benzenesulfonamide Scaffold To Reverse Acinetobacter baumannii Serum‐Adaptive Efflux Associated Antibiotic Tolerance
Authors: Chojnacki Michaelle , Cao Xufeng , Young Mikaeel , Fritz Rebecca N. , Dunman Paul M. , Flaherty Daniel P.
Published: July 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen of urgent concern for public health due to rising rates of multidrug and pandrug resistance. In the context of environmental cues such as growth in human serum, A. baumannii is known to display adaptive efflux, in which a multitude of efflux‐associated genes are upregulated, resulting in efflux‐mediated drug tolerance in strains that are otherwise susceptible to antibiotic therapy. Previously, we identified a sulfonamide‐containing scaffold molecule (ABEPI1) that reversed serum‐associated antibiotic tolerance in A. baumannii. Herein, we present structure‐activity relationship studies on 29 newly synthesized analogues. These molecules were characterized for their ability to potentiate multiple antibiotics in serum, reduce serum‐associated ethidium bromide efflux and depolarize bacterial cell membranes. In addition, they were assessed for toxicity to mammalian cells. Collectively, these molecules may represent promising potential adjuvants for use in combination with new and existing antibiotics to treat A. baumannii bacterial infections.
An efficient certificateless public auditing scheme in cloud storage
Authors: Gao Gaimei , Fei Hongxia , Qin Zefeng
Published: July 2020

Cloud storage is a mode of online storage in which data are stored on multiple virtual servers usually hosted by third parties. Cloud service providers manage and operate data storage as services. The major concern in cloud storage is the integrity of outsourced data. Many public auditing schemes which authorize the third party auditor (TPA) to check the integrity of outsourced data have been proposed. However, most of them are based on traditional public key cryptosystems. This paper proposes an efficient certificateless public auditing Scheme (CL‐PAS) in cloud storage. In the process of challenge and auditing, CL‐PAS ensures that malicious cloud servers cannot forge auditing evidences to deceive TPA to pass the verification, and prevents curious TPA from recovering original data from auditing evidences. So it strengthens privacy preserving. Security analysis shows that CL‐PAS scheme meets the predetermined security requirements. The simulation and performance analysis results show that, compared with similar schemes, CL‐PAS scheme has the higher efficiency.
Doubled haploids in maize: Development, deployment, and challenges
Authors: Maqbool Muhammad Amir , Beshir AbduRahman , Khokhar Ehtisham Shakeel
Published: July 2020

Haploids are naturally produced in maize (Zea mays L.) at different rates and can also be induced through different methods. Haploids are used to develop doubled haploids (DHs), which have many potential uses. The development of DH lines in maize involves haploid induction, haploid identification, chromosome doubling, and field sowing for self‐pollination of D0 plants. Different potential methods are used for haploid induction, in‐vivo maternal haploid induction being the most prevalent. Haploid induction is highly reliant on the unambiguous identification of haploids among a mixture of different ploidies. Haploid identification is facilitated by visual morphological markers, chromosome counting, flow cytometry, molecular markers, and many other approaches. Chromosome doubling may be achieved by spontaneous doubling or by induction with different antimicrotubular treatments. Among the potential uses of DH lines are the development of inbred lines, genomic selection (GS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and unlocking new genetic variations. Although DH technology can potentially accelerate maize breeding, it still faces challenges at each step of DH line development. This article aims to highlight the importance, procedural steps, potential opportunities, and key challenges in DH line development in maize.
Performance of multiple turfgrass species during prolonged heat stress and recovery in a controlled environment
Authors: Breuillin‐Sessoms Florence , Watkins Eric
Published: July 2020

Increasing temperatures associated with climate change will be the next challenge for crop improvement, especially for turfgrass species that are often grown in urban green spaces. Previous research on turfgrass heat stress tolerance has been limited to a small number of species and cultivars with different heat stress conditions between studies; therefore, we assessed heat stress tolerance of 34 turfgrasses representing 14 species. Four replicates of each entry were established for at least 12 wk and then subjected to 49 d of heat stress (35/25 °C day/night) followed by a 4 wk recovery period (25/15 °C day/night). Turfgrass entries were assessed using the normalized difference vegetative index, the percentage of green obtained with digital image analysis, and membrane stability estimated by electrolyte leakage. Buffalograss [Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus], Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort], and slender creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. littoralis) were more tolerant of heat stress than the other species. The Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth.) Lag. ex Griffiths], and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) cultivars were all tolerant of heat stress; however, only one cultivar for these three species was tested, making species‐wide generalizations difficult. In some cases, the cultivars and/or selections within a given species differed in heat stress response. Almost all entries were able to recover from the heat stress by the end of the recovery period. Altogether, we were able to identify turfgrasses that should perform adequately in high‐temperature urban environments.
Cocultivating rye with berseem clover affects benzoxazinoid production and expression of related genes
Authors: Rakoczy‐Trojanowska Monika , Święcicka Magdalena , Bakera Beata , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Stochmal Anna , Bolibok Leszek
Published: July 2020

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by gramineous plants, including rye (Secale cerealeL.), that play an important role in stress resistance and allelopathy. In the present work, the influence of cocultivation of rye with berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinumL.) on the expression of BX synthesis‐regulating genes (ScBx1–ScBx5,ScIgl, andScGT) and the content of six BXs (HBOA, DIBOA, GDIBOA, DIMBOA, GDIMBOA, and MBOA) in roots and the aerial portion of three rye inbred lines (ILs) (L318, D33, and D39) was investigated. Cocultivation of rye with berseem clover influenced its gene expression levels and BX contents. The response was strongly affected by rye genotype, plant part, time point, gene, and metabolite. The most frequently observed changes of gene expression concerned IL D33, aerial plant parts, the second time point (4 wk after germination), andScBx3. For BX synthesis, the most frequently observed changes for IL D33 were in roots, the third time point (6 wk after germination), GDIBOA, and DIBOA. In 18.3% of cases, gene expression was correlated with BX synthesis. The coregulation of gene expression and BX synthesis in roots and aerial parts of rye plants affected by clover was observed relatively rarely. Cocultivation of rye with clover led, after 6 wk, to BX increases in roots of all tested ILs. Despite the lack of clearly universal response, the cocultivation of rye with clover may strengthen rye defense capability, at least against soil pathogens.
Establishment of low‐input turfgrass from seed with patch and repair mixtures: Mulch and starter fertilizer effects
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Patton Aaron J. , Braithwaite Emily T. , Kowalewski Alexander R.
Published: July 2020

Homeowners typically use commercial “patch and repair” products to seed bare or damaged lawn areas in the spring. Commercial products typically contain inert matter, fertilizer, and turfgrass seed, which is dominated by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] mixtures, with a few fine fescues (Festuca spp.). Our objective was to assess the establishment potential of low‐cost patch and repair ingredients in the spring that include low‐input fine fescues. Field experiments were initiated in Indiana and Oregon in April 2019 to investigate seven mulch ingredient treatments and two starter fertilizer treatments. All treatments included the same fine fescue seed mixture. All mulch ingredients, including the untreated (no mulch) control, eventually reached a similar turf cover; however, the rate of establishment was influenced by the mulch ingredient. Conversely, starter fertilizer had a minimal impact on the establishment rates but increased final turf cover. Compost‐derived mulch consistently resulted in faster turf establishment, which was generally ≥6 d sooner than other mulch options, with the exception of potting soil, no mulch, and, at times, topsoil, which may provide similar results. The results indicate if the newly seeded area is adequately irrigated, then neither mulch ingredient nor starter fertilizer may be necessary, thus providing more financial savings for consumers. The results also indicate there are multiple financially feasible options for homemade patch and repair ingredients for homeowners and lawn professionals to use in the establishment of low‐input turfgrasses from seed.
Magnetoplasmon Resonances in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Potential for a New Information Technology Platform
Authors: Yin Penghui , Radovanovic Pavle V.
Published: July 2020

Interaction between light and plasmon oscillations in semiconductor nanocrystals has received significant attention in recent years driven, in part, by the possibility of coupling between plasmonic and semiconducting properties. Such coupling could lead to a variety of new applications in plasmonics, photonics, and optoelectronics. In this Concept we discuss the methods for generation of localized surface plasmon resonances in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and their unique magneto‐optical properties. Different means of introducing free charge carriers, including aliovalent doping, non‐stoichiometry, and external charging, are first compared and contrasted. The resulting plasmons can be manipulated using circularly polarized light and external magnetic field, allowing for the formation of the magnetoplasmon modes. The concept of using these magnetoplasmon modes as a new degree of freedom for controlling excitonic states and charge‐carrier polarization is introduced and discussed. We also highlight some notable recent examples of controlling plasmon–exciton interactions and comment on their implications for future research in sustainable information technology.
Four‐phase interleaved DC–DC step‐down converter using coupled inductor for high power application
Authors: Berrehil El Kattel Menaouar , Mayer Robson , Vidal Garcia Oliveira Sérgio , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz
Published: July 2020

The objective of this manuscript is to analyze and design a new interleaved dc–dc buck‐type converter based on the conventional interleaved topologies. The proposed converter consists of small size filters, few component numbers, and low current and voltage ripple compared with interleaved dc–dc converter family. Furthermore, detailed comparisons are made concerning the operating mode, the component numbers, dc voltage gain, voltage stresses, output inductor current ripple, rated power, and efficiency. The presented converter might replace the conventional dc–dc step‐down voltage converter stage of poor power quality and low energy density, such as the one used in high power ac–dc battery chargers and dc sources, among others. Experimental results conducted on a 4.8‐kW laboratory prototype are presented to validate the theoretical study and prove the effectiveness of the proposed topology. The maximum efficiency level reaches 97.2% at rated power.