bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome profile of carbon catabolite repression in an efficient l-(+)-lactic acid-producing bacterium Enterococcus mundtii QU25 grown in media with combinations of cellobiose, xylose, and glucose
Authors: Shiwa Yuh , Fujiwara Haruko , Numaguchi Mao , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Ali , Nabeta Keisuke , Kanesaki Yu , Tashiro Yukihiro , Zendo Takeshi , Tanaka Naoto , Fujita Nobuyuki , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Sonomoto Kenji , Shimizu-Kadota Mariko
Published: November 2020

Enterococcus mundtii QU25, a non-dairy lactic acid bacterium of the phylum Firmicutes, is capable of simultaneously fermenting cellobiose and xylose, and is described as a promising strain for the industrial production of optically pure l-lactic acid (≥ 99.9%) via homo-fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Generally, Firmicutes bacteria show preferential consumption of sugar (usually glucose), termed carbon catabolite repression (CCR), while hampering the catabolism of other sugars. In our previous study, QU25 exhibited apparent CCR in a glucose-xylose mixture phenotypically, and transcriptional repression of the xylose operon encoding initial xylose metabolism genes, likely occurred in a CcpA-dependent manner. QU25 did not exhibit CCR phenotypically in a cellobiose-xylose mixture. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the transcriptional change associated with the simultaneous utilization of cellobiose and xylose. To this end, we performed RNA-seq analysis in the exponential growth phase of E. mundtii QU25 cells grown in glucose, cellobiose, and/or xylose as either sole or co-carbon sources. Our transcriptomic data showed that the xylose operon was weakly repressed in cells grown in a cellobiose-xylose mixture compared with that in cells grown in a glucose-xylose mixture. Furthermore, the gene expression of talC, the sole gene encoding transaldolase, is expected to be repressed by CcpA-mediated CCR. QU25 metabolized xylose without using transaldolase, which is necessary for homolactic fermentation from pentoses using the pentose-phosphate pathway. Hence, the metabolism of xylose in the presence of cellobiose by QU25 may have been due to 1) sufficient amounts of proteins encoded by the xylose operon genes for xylose metabolism despite of the slight repression of the operon, and 2) bypassing of the pentose-phosphate pathway without the TalC activity. Accordingly, we have determined the targets of genetic modification in QU25 to metabolize cellobiose, xylose and glucose simultaneously for application of the lactic fermentation from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) and machine learning to predict trauma patient mortality at admission
Authors: Tsiklidis Evan J. , Sims Carrie , Sinno Talid , Diamond Scott L.
Published: November 2020

A 400-estimator gradient boosting classifier was trained to predict survival probabilities of trauma patients. The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) provided 799233 complete patient records (778303 survivors and 20930 deaths) each containing 32 features, a number further reduced to only 8 features via the permutation importance method. Importantly, the 8 features can all be readily determined at admission: systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, gender, age and Glasgow coma score. Since death was rare, a rebalanced training set was used to train the model. The model is able to predict a survival probability for any trauma patient and accurately distinguish between adeceasedandsurvivedpatient in 92.4% of all cases. Partial dependence curves (Psurvivalvs. feature value) obtained from the trained model revealed the global importance of Glasgow coma score, age, and systolic blood pressure while pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, and gender had more subtle single variable influences. Shapley values, which measure the relative contribution of each of the 8 features to individual patient risk, were computed for several patients and were able to quantify patient-specific warning signs. Using the NTDB to sample across numerous patient traumas and hospital protocols, the trained model and Shapley values rapidly provides quantitative insight into which combination of variables in an 8-dimensional space contributed most to each trauma patient’s predicted global risk of death upon emergency room admission.
Histological, immunohistochemical and transcriptomic characterization of human tracheoesophageal fistulas
Authors: Brosens Erwin , Felix Janine F. , Boerema-de Munck Anne , de Jong Elisabeth M. , Lodder Elisabeth M. , Swagemakers Sigrid , Buscop-van Kempen Marjon , de Krijger Ronald R. , Wijnen Rene M. H. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , van der Spek Peter , de Klein Annelies , Tibboel Dick , Rottier Robbert J.
Published: November 2020

Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are relatively frequently occurring foregut malformations. EA/TEF is thought to have a strong genetic component. Not much is known regarding the biological processes disturbed or which cell type is affected in patients. This hampers the detection of the responsible culprits (genetic or environmental) for the origin of these congenital anatomical malformations. Therefore, we examined gene expression patterns in the TEF and compared them to the patterns in esophageal, tracheal and lung control samples. We studied tissue organization and key proteins using immunohistochemistry. There were clear differences between TEF and control samples. Based on the number of differentially expressed genes as well as histological characteristics, TEFs were most similar to normal esophagus. The BMP-signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix pathways are downregulated in TEF. Genes involved in smooth muscle contraction are overexpressed in TEF compared to esophagus as well as trachea. These enriched pathways indicate myofibroblast activated fibrosis. TEF represents a specific tissue type with large contributions of intestinal smooth muscle cells and neurons. All major cell types present in esophagus are present—albeit often structurally disorganized—in TEF, indicating that its etiology should not be sought in cell fate specification.
Inuit knowledge of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) and perspectives on declining abundance in southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada
Authors: Henri Dominique A. , Martinez-Levasseur Laura M. , Weetaltuk Salamiva , Mallory Mark L. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Jean-Gagnon Frankie
Published: November 2020

The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea;takatakiaqin Inuttitut) breeds in the circumpolar Arctic and undertakes the longest known annual migration. In recent decades, Arctic Tern populations have been declining in some parts of their range, and this has been a cause of concern for both wildlife managers and Indigenous harvesters. However, limited scientific information is available on Arctic Tern abundance and distribution, especially within its breeding range in remote areas of the circumpolar Arctic. Knowledge held by Inuit harvesters engaged in Arctic Tern egg picking can shed light on the ecology, regional abundance and distribution of this marine bird. We conducted individual interviews and a workshop involving 12 Inuit harvesters and elders from Kuujjuaraapik, Nunavik (northern Québec), Canada, to gather their knowledge of Arctic Tern cultural importance, ecology, and stewardship. Interview contributors reported a regional decline in Arctic Tern numbers which appeared in the early 2000s on nesting islands near Kuujjuaraapik. Six possible factors were identified: (1) local harvest through egg picking; (2) nest disturbance and predation; (3) abandonment of tern nesting areas (i.e., islands that have become connected to the mainland due to isostatic rebound); (4) climate change; (5) natural abundance cycles within the Arctic Tern population; and (6) decline of the capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the region. Recommendations from Inuit contributors related to Arctic Tern stewardship and protection included: (1) conduct more research; (2) let nature take its course; (3) conduct an awareness campaign; (4) implement an egg picking ban; (5) coordinate local egg harvest; (6) start ‘tern farming’; (7) protect Arctic Terns across their migration route; and (8) harvest foxes predating on terns. Our study highlighted complementarities between Inuit knowledge and ecological science, and showed that Inuit harvesters can make substantial contributions to ongoing and future Arctic tern research and management initiatives.
A study of longitudinal mobile health data through fuzzy clustering methods for functional data: The case of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in childhood
Authors: Giordani Paolo , Perna Serena , Bianchi Annamaria , Pizzulli Antonio , Tripodi Salvatore , Matricardi Paolo Maria
Published: November 2020

The use of mobile communication devices in health care is spreading worldwide. A huge amount of health data collected by these devices (mobile health data) is nowadays available. Mobile health data may allow for real-time monitoring of patients and delivering ad-hoc treatment recommendations. This paper aims at showing how this may be done by exploiting the potentialities of fuzzy clustering techniques. In fact, such techniques can be fruitfully applied to mobile health data in order to identify clusters of patients for diagnostic classification and cluster-specific therapies. However, since mobile health data are full of noise, fuzzy clustering methods cannot be directly applied to mobile health data. Such data must be denoised prior to analyzing them. When longitudinal mobile health data are available, functional data analysis represents a powerful tool for filtering out the noise in the data. Fuzzy clustering methods for functional data can then be used to determine groups of patients. In this work we develop a fuzzy clustering method, based on the concept of medoid, for functional data and we apply it to longitudinal mHealth data on daily symptoms and consumptions of anti-symptomatic drugs collected by two sets of patients in Berlin (Germany) and Ascoli Piceno (Italy) suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The studies showed that clusters of patients with similar changes in symptoms were identified opening the possibility of precision medicine.
Persistent heat waves projected for Middle East and North Africa by the end of the 21st century
Authors: Varela R. , Rodríguez-Díaz L. , deCastro M.
Published: November 2020

The duration and intensity of future heat waves are analyzed for 53 cities in the Middle East and the North Africa (MENA) region for the 21stcentury under two different scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). A consistent approach is carried out using data from 13 Regional models within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). By the end of the century, 80% of the most populated MENA cities are expected to be at least 50% of the days under heat wave conditions during the warm season. In addition, the mean and maximum intensity of the heat waves will also increase. Changes in the duration and intensity of heat waves have shown to be negatively correlated. Therefore, the vulnerability of the MENA cities to future heat waves was determined using a cumulative index (CI) that takes into account both duration and intensity. This CI indicates that Middle East and the eastern part of Africa will suffer the most unfavorable temperature conditions in the future. Assuming no intervention trough adaptation/mitigation strategies, these results, together with the particular properties of the MENA region, such as aridity or lack of precipitation, make it likely that the area will be affected by disease or famine.
Intercultural sensitivity in Orientalist cinema
Authors: Mather Philippe
Published: November 2020

Edward Said’s dogmas of Orientalism are a succinct summary of western perceptions of the East, which reveal an essentially racist discourse that also speaks to the westerner’s self-perception. While there is a tendency in fiction film to polarize attitudes as either friendly or hostile, for reasons of narrative economy and to enhance dramatic conflict, this article argues that it is possible to measure the behaviour of fictional characters on a continuum describing intercultural sensitivity to assess how these characters appear to respond to the idea of cultural differences, broadly ranging from the most ethnocentric views to more ethnorelative ones. Since the intercultural development continuum (IDC) is structured as five developmental stages, it provides a finer psychological template than Orientalist binaries, offering a more nuanced view of character motivations and attitudes. The IDC scale is ideally suited to narrative analysis as it usefully describes successive stages that characters may exhibit throughout the course of a story depicting intercultural exchanges. The IDC allows the analyst to gauge the degree of conformance of any given film to Said’s aforementioned dogmas, particularly those films that either express an ambivalent attitude or appear superficially more enlightened or accommodating of difference. This model will be illustrated with a number of case studies selected from a filmography focusing on western representations of Singapore in film and television, from 1940 to 2015, including titles such as the Bette Davis plantation melodrama The Letter, the science fiction thriller Hitman: Agent 47 and the Australian period TV series Serangoon Road.
Cultivating ‘Response-ability’: Curating Coral in Recent Exhibitions
Authors: Endt-Jones Marion
Published: November 2020

This article explores the reasons for the recent surge of interest in exhibitions and displays featuring corals and coral reefs, as well as the challenges and opportunities involved in curating coral. I argue that, while it can be difficult to convey the complex natural characteristics of corals through displays of coral specimens in museums, exhibitions such as Coral: Something Rich and Strange (2013–14), and artworks such as Christine and Margaret Wertheim’s Crochet Coral Reef (2005–present) and Tamiko Thiel’s Unexpected Growth (2018–19), can deepen a sense of wonder in exhibition visitors and foster experiences of connection between humans and marine invertebrates – ultimately to encourage ‘response-ability’ to and for the natural world. I suggest that collaborative, cross-disciplinary modes of exhibition making – such as displaying works of art alongside scientific or natural history specimens – provides curators with opportunities to intensify the affective responses of audiences.
Tidalectic Curating
Authors: Hessler Stefanie
Published: November 2020

The recent proliferation of exhibitions about oceans calls for an analysis of their curatorial premises. This article identifies curatorial methodologies consisting of procedures and exhibitions that not only speak about, but also through their oceanic subject matter in a performative way. The term ‘tidalectics’, coined by the historian and poet Kamau Brathwaite to articulate a worldview that eschews static land and evolves alongside water and flux, serves as an anchor to analyse curatorial work guided by oceanic thinking. The author argues that through a tidalectic methodology – which takes cues from natural processes such as the ebb and flow of the tide – current ecological, societal and onto-epistemological shifts can be addressed productively.
La exclusión de la prevención de riesgos laborales de la relación laboral especial del trabajo doméstico: análisis crítico de las posibles razones.
Authors: Sanz Sáez Concepción
Published: November 2020

Al igual que ocurre con el resto de las personas trabajadoras, las trabajadoras de esta relación laboral especial del trabajo doméstico están expuestas a ciertos riesgos laborales propios de la actividad que desempeñan. En este artículo se analiza de forma crítica la esfera subjetiva de la exclusión expresa de la Ley de Prevención en la relación laboral especial de servicio del hogar familiar.
Sustainable Business Models – What Do Management Theories Say?
Authors: Zilahy Gyula
Published: November 2020

Literature describing the notion and practice of business models has grown considerably over the last few years. Innovative business models appear in every sector of the economy challenging traditional ways of creating and capturing value. However, research describing the theoretical foundations of the field is scarce and many questions still remain. This article examines business models promoting various aspects of sustainable development and tests the explanatory power of two theoretical approaches, namely the resource based view of the firm and transaction cost theory regarding their emergence and successful market performance. Through the examples of industrial ecology and the sharing economy the author shows that a sharp reduction of transaction costs (e.g. in the form of internet based systems) coupled with resources widely available but not utilised before may result in fast growing new markets. This research also provides evidence regarding the notion that these two theoretical approaches can complement each other in explaining corporate behaviour.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE DE SAÚDE PARA LONDRINA-PR
Authors: Gioia Thamy Barbara , Pereira Adriana C. de Freitas , Raminelli Jaqueline Aparecida
Published: November 2020

Dentre os modelos de pesquisa interdisciplinares atuais, estão as proposições de indicadores em saúde como instrumento para o planejamento de ações. Alguns modelos propõem o estabelecimento de variáveis mais preditivas a partir da modelagem knowledge-driven enquanto outros buscam recursos em modelos data-driven. Neste sentindo o objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar dois modelos de Índice de Vulnerabilidade de Saúde – IVS para o Município de Londrina – PR, um em modelo knowledge-driven elaborado pela Secretaria de Saúde de Belo Horizonte e o segundo estabelecido por um modelo data-driven, através da estatística de análise fatorial. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizou dados do censo demográfico do IBGE (2010). No modelo knowledge-driven as variáveis mais preditivas foram às relacionadas ao saneamento básico enquanto que no modelo data-driven as variáveis mais preditivas foram raça, renda e analfabetismo. Tal condição influenciou na configuração espacial de classificação do índice. Setores distritais e rurais foram classificados em melhores condições no modelo data-driven quando comparados aos resultados do modelo knowledge-driven.
Paciente hemofílico com extenso odontoma complexo em mandíbula
Authors: Ribeiro Ariany Cristina Freitas , Tavares Paulo Matheus Honda , Albuquerque Gustavo Cavalcanti de , Oliveira Marcelo Vinicius de , Oliveira Dirceu Virgolino de , Martins Valber Barbosa
Published: November 2020

Introdução: Os odontomas representam os tipos mais comuns de tumores de origem odontogênica. São classificados como tumores odontogênicos mistos, divididos em composto e complexo, geralmente assintomáticos e diagnosticados em exames radiográficos de rotina. O tratamento inclui excisão local simples. A hemofilia A é um distúrbio genético marcado por sangramento prolongado causado pela diminuição ou ausência de um dos fatores de coagulação (fator VIII) necessários para a formação do coágulo sanguíneo. Relato de caso: Paciente com queixa de “dor na mandíbula e gosto ruim na boca”, relatando ser portador de hemofilia A e apresentando aumento de volume e úlcera traumática no ramo mandibular esquerdo. A tomografia computadorizada evidenciou a presença de lesão hiperdensa com halo hipodenso, bem delimitada e com contornos bem definidos. A hipótese diagnóstica foi odontoma complexo. Trinta minutos antes da cirurgia, realizou-se reposição do fator VIII de coagulação. Realizou-se acesso intrabucal, descolamento mucoperiosteal, secção da lesão com broca 702 em porções menores, para facilitar a remoção e sutura copiosa. Conclusão: A remoção cirúrgica ocorreu de forma satisfatória e conservadora, utilizando-se os princípios para remoção de dentes inclusos; não houve complicações em decorrência da coagulopatia. O embasamento teórico e um planejamento cirúrgico minucioso foram fundamentais para condução e prognóstico favorável do caso.
Kandungan Logam (Pb) pada Strombus canarium Linnaeus,1758 (Mollusca :Gastropoda) di Perairan Malang Rapat dan Tanjung Siambang Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Askara Andi Bakia , Idris Fadhliyah , Putra Risandi Dwirama , Nugraha Aditya Hikmat
Published: November 2020

Human activities in coastal areas have the potential to cause heavy metal pollution. The impact of heavy metal pollution causes the accumulation of heavy metals in the body of marine biota, including the Gonggong Snail (S. Canarium). This study aims to analyze the concentration of heavy metals Pb in Gonggong snails in two different characteristics of aquatic ecosystems. Purposive sampling used as a sampling method of Gonggong Snail. The Analysis of heavy metal concentrations from Pb using the ICP (Inductively coupled plasma). The results showed the heavy metal concentration of Pb was 0.427 mg/kg for Malang Rapat Village and 0.71 mg/kg for Tanjung Siambang village. The difference between the two locations possibly due to differences in the aquatic characteristics at the study site. Aktivitas manusia di kawasan pesisir berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran logam berat. Dampak dari pencemaran logam berat dapat menyebabkan terakumulasinya logam berat pada tubuh biota laut, salah satunya yaitu Siput Gonggong (S.Canarium). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi logam berat Pb pada Siput Gonggong yang terdapat pada dua ekosistem perairan yang memiliki karakteristik perairan berbeda. Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Analisis konsentrasi logam berat menggunakan bantuan alat ICP (Inductively coupled plasma). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam berat Pb sebesar 0,427 mg/kg untuk Desa Malang Rapat dan 0,71 mg/kg untuk desa Tanjung Siambang. Terjadi perbedaan antara kedua lokasi kemungkinan dikarnakan adanya perbedaan karakteristik perairan pada lokasi penelitian.
Kontaminasi pestisida organofosfat dan logam berat pada airtanah di Wilayah Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur
Authors: Susanti B Tyas , Rochaddi Baskoro , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani
Published: November 2020

Groundwater is the main source of clean fresh water in coastal areas. Coastal cities development in many sectors often produces waste that pollutes groundwater, among others, in the form of pesticides and heavy metals. Chlorpyrifos, mercury and arsenic are contaminants that are toxic and endanger human health or the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine groundwater conditions against contamination of organophosphate pesticides, heavy metals Hg and As in the northern coastal areas of Central Java and East Java. Chlorpyrifos content was found in 4 sample locations with a concentration of 0.0004 - 0.0021 ppm. Hg content was found at 8 sample locations with a concentration of 0.004 - 0.321 ppm and As was found at all locations (26) samples with a concentration of 0.102 - 0.505 ppm. The results of the analysis show that the incidence of pesticides and heavy metals in groundwater has anthropogenic sources due to agricultural, industrial or residential waste activities.  Airtanah merupakan sumber daya air tawar bersih yang utama di wilayah pesisir. Perkembangan kota-kota pesisir di banyak sektor seringkali menghasilkan limbah yang mencemari airtanah antara lain berupa pestisida dan logam berat. Khlorpirifos, merkuri dan arsen merupakan kontaminan yang bersifat toksik dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia ataupun lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi airtanah terhadap kontaminasi pestisida organofosfat, logam berat Hg dan As di daerah pantai utara Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Kandungan khlorpirifos ditemukan di 4 lokasi sampel dengan konsentrasi 0,0004 – 0,0021 ppm. Kandungan Hg ditemukan pada 8 lokasi sampel dengan konsentrasi 0,004 – 0,321 ppm dan As ditemukan pada semua lokasi (26) sampel dengan konsentrasi 0,102 – 0,505 ppm. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kejadian pestisida dan logam berat pada airtanah bersumber antropogenik akibat kegiatan pertanian,  industri atau limbah pemukiman.
The local structure of the free boundary in the fractional obstacle problem
Authors: Focardi Matteo , Spadaro Emanuele
Published: November 2020

Building upon the recent results in [M. Focardi and E. Spadaro,
On the measure and the structure of the free boundary of the lower-dimensional obstacle problem,
Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 230 2018, 1, 125–184] we provide a thorough description of the
free boundary for the solutions to the fractional obstacle problem in

ℝ

n
+
1

{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}

with obstacle function
φ (suitably smooth and decaying fast at infinity) up to sets of null

ℋ

n
-
1

{{\mathcal{H}}^{n-1}}

measure.
In particular, if φ is analytic, the problem reduces to the zero obstacle case
dealt with in [M. Focardi and E. Spadaro,
On the measure and the structure of the free boundary of the lower-dimensional obstacle problem,
Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 230 2018, 1, 125–184] and therefore we retrieve the same results:

(i)

local finiteness of the

(

n
-
1

)

{(n-1)}

-dimensional Minkowski content of the free boundary (and thus of its Hausdorff measure),

(ii)

ℋ

n
-
1

{{\mathcal{H}}^{n-1}}

-rectifiability of the free boundary,

(iii)

classification of the frequencies and of
the blowups up to a set of Hausdorff dimension at most

(

n
-
2

)

{(n-2)}

in the free boundary.

Instead, if

φ
∈

C

k
+
1

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\varphi\in C^{k+1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

,

k
≥
2

{k\geq 2}

, similar results
hold only for distinguished subsets of points in the free boundary
where the order of contact of the solution with the obstacle function
φ is less than

k
+
1

{k+1}

.
The Replacement of Direct Objects and Directly Linked Gerunds by Prepositional ones after shirk, refrain and lack in Modern English, with Special Reference to Clause Negation
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter
Published: November 2020

In most Eastern European languages, clause negation typically triggers the replacement of a “direct” case such as the accusative by a less direct one like the genitive. In English, the contrast is – with several verbs – partially paralleled by that between directly linked complements and their prepositional counterparts. This corpus-based paper explores the relevant behaviour of three verbs which possess an intrinsic negative semantics: shirk, refrain (in earlier stages of Modern English), and lack. It is found that negated clauses definitely promote a) prepositional objects with all three verbs and b) prepositional gerunds after shirk. In the case of refrain, the historical British database displays only a weak tendency for negated clauses to favour the increasingly common prepositional gerund. The prepositional variant turns out to be virtually absent from the passive of shirk, a fact assumed to be due to the general avoidance of preposition stranding in favour of available transitive structures. With lack, the rivalry between the two object variants is additionally constrained by two prosodic tendencies, the preference for phrasal upbeats and sentence end-weight. Throughout, American English displays a distinctly greater sensitivity to clause negation than British English.
Tamar, Widowhood, and the Old English Prose Translation of Genesis
Authors: McMullen A. Joseph , Shields-Más Chelsea
Published: November 2020

Recently, more attention has been paid to the conscious translation efforts that produced the Old English Hexateuch/Heptateuch, examining how a number of revisions must be analyzed as an effort to control readerly interpretation. This study contributes to that discussion by considering the translation of Genesis 38, which greatly changes the biblical narrative by removing Tamar’s second marriage and any rationale for the death of her first husband. Previously, this omission has been read as a way to streamline the story or avoid unsavory (sexual) topics. We argue, instead, for another, concurrent possibility: to revise the text in light of pre-Conquest views on widowhood. The turn of the millennium saw early English widows gain much more attention in various legal and ecclesiastical sources. These sources, we believe, speak to the concerns of the translator in some of the alterations found in the chapter (including forced remarriage, multiple marriages, the amount of time in between marriages, and the Levirate custom as an institution).
Non-Wycliffite Bible Translation in Oxford, Trinity College, 29 and Universal History Writing in Late Medieval England
Authors: Gillhammer Cosima Clara
Published: November 2020

The late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular source texts and written by a single compiler-scribe. A great part of the text is focused on Old Testament history and uses the Vulgate as a key source, thus offering an opportunity to examine in detail the compiler’s strategies of translating the text of the Bible into the vernacular. The Bible translations in this manuscript are unconnected to the Wycliffite translations, and are non-reformist in their interpretative framework, implications, and use. This evidence is of particular interest as an example of the range of approaches to biblical translation and scholarship in the vernacular found in late medieval English texts, despite the restrictive legislation concerning Bible translation in fifteenth-century England. The strategies of translating the biblical text found in this manuscript include close word-by-word translation (seemingly unencumbered by anxieties about censorship), as well as other modes of interaction, such as summary, and exegesis. This article situates these modes of engagement with the Bible within a wider European textual tradition of including biblical material in universal history writing.
Models and/as/of Literature
Authors: Stierstorfer Klaus
Published: November 2020

Models have evolved into a major tool to analyse, understand and shape the world we live in. Ubiquitous as they are in the sciences, engineering and in public discourse, models are rarely reflected on or even used in literary studies, as testified by their conspicuous absence in most dictionaries of literary and cultural theory. This essay, first of all, provides a rough survey where models have been applied in literature, literary studies or theory. It traces the use of models from a strong start with the rise of formalism and structuralism in the twentieth century to some occasional resurfacing in the context of narratological research and literary pedagogy which, however, appears to be restricted to German academia. After a brief evaluation of these instances, new departures in the use of models in literary studies are charted before a general assessment of the prospects and profits of bringing models into the field of literature brings a conclusion with the hope of opening up new lines of research.1
New Light on the Sumerian Literary LetterAbaindasa to Sulge
Authors: Deubelbeiss Irene
Published: November 2020

The first part of this article offers a structural analysis of the literary letter of petitionAbaindasa to Sulge, one of the most unstable OB literary compositions that has posed considerable problems to scholars in the past. Both the difficult reconstruction of the text and questions as to its connection to other Sumerian literary letters will be analyzed. A close examination of the sources and identification of intertextual relations will help our understanding of its textual reconstruction and its place among different subgroups of Sumerian literary letters. The second part of the article will be dedicated to the edition of a previously unpublished duplicate of this letter in theMusée d’art et d’histoire,Geneva, supplemented by a comparison to another tablet with a Sumerian literary letter in the same museum, which might have been written by the same scribe.
The production and perception of Turkish evidentiality markers by Turkish-German returnees
Authors: Kaya-Soykan Didem , Antonova-Unlu Elena , Sagin-Simsek Cigdem
Published: November 2020

The study contributes to research on the development of the heritage language after return to the country of origin and examines whether the ultimate attainment of the heritage grammar after many years of residing in the country of origin brings returnees to a level compatible with that of monolinguals. We focus on the production and perception of evidentiality markers in the heritage Turkish of Turkish-German bilinguals who returned to Turkey after finishing a German high school and have been residing in Turkey for more than 11 years. Two production tasks (a narrative task and a discourse completion task), as well as a grammaticality judgement task were used in the study. The data analysis revealed that the production and perception of evidentiality by the returnee participants diverged from those of the monolingual control group. The divergence manifested itself in ungrammatical uses of evidentiality markers in the context of the indirect evidentiality and less sensitivity to grammatical and ungrammatical items comprising direct and indirect evidentiality markers. The findings of the study suggest that after many years of residing in Turkey the language behaviour of the returnee participants still possesses features that are typical for heritage speakers.
German-Italian Literary Connections in the Late Middle Ages: Boccaccio’sThe Decameronin Light of Some Late Medieval German Narrative Precedents
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2020

Comparative research focused on medieval literature continues to be characterized by many desiderata, especially with regard to the fruitful relationships between late medieval verse narratives,mæren, and the famous Italian storyteller Boccaccio and hisDecameron. This paper brings to light four significant Middle High German verse narratives from the 13thor early-14thcentury that demonstrate remarkable similarities with stories contained in Boccaccio’sDecameron. While the study of Boccaccio’s sources has traditionally been focused primarily on Old French (fabliaux) or Latin sources, here I introduce a number of texts that were composed just a few decades earlier and which express, in surprising parallel, strikingly similar themes that could be straight from the textbook the Italian poet might have drawn from. We have, of course, no specific evidence as to Boccaccio’s direct familiarity with late-medieval German literature, but the motif analysis reveals major parallels between the examples inThe Decameronand in thosemæren.
Interfiguralitätsstrategien: Fontanes realistische Melusine als transfiktionales Phänomen
Authors: Wojcik Paula
Published: November 2020

Realistic conceptions of genuinely fantastic literary or mythical characters, such as Theodor Fontane’s Melusine, represent what Umberto Eco refers to as “floating individuals.” These characters are transfictional as they are highly decontextualized from their narrative origin and thus a challenge for intertextuality and intermedia studies: the name implies a relationship with another text or medium but the representation does not offer any information about the relationship’s quality. To examine the range of (re-)presentation strategies and to shed some light on the transfictional background of the character as it is represented in Theodor Fontane’s novel Der Stechlin, I borrow ‘interfigurality’ as an umbrella term from Wolfgang G. Müller. Fontane’s myth-reflexive intermedia strategies come fully to the fore in contrast with the unknown novel Lady Melusine by Eufemia von Ballestrem on the one hand and in comparison with contemporary art on the other. The localization within an intermedia network reveals that the practice of the literary re-production of realistic characters as a “work on myth” (Blumenberg) is reflexive and critical or affirmative towards popular usage such as branding, labeling, or namedropping.
Mars: Life, Subglacial Oceans, Abiogenic Photosynthesis, Seasonal Increases and Replenishment of Atmospheric Oxygen
Authors: Joseph Rhawn G. , Duxbury Natalia S. , Kidron Giora J. , Gibson Carl H. , Schild Rudolph
Published: November 2020

The discovery and subsequent investigations of atmospheric oxygen on Mars are reviewed. Free oxygen is a biomarker produced by photosynthesizing organisms. Oxygen is reactive and on Mars may be destroyed in 10 years and is continually replenished. Diurnal and spring/summer increases in oxygen have been documented, and these variations parallel biologically induced fluctuations on Earth. Data from the Viking biological experiments also support active biology, though these results have been disputed. Although there is no conclusive proof of current or past life on Mars, organic matter has been detected and specimensresemblinggreen algae / cyanobacteria, lichens, stromatolites, and open apertures and fenestrae for the venting of oxygen produced via photosynthesis have been observed. These life-like specimens include thousands of lichen-mushroom-shaped structures with thin stems, attached to rocks, topped by bulbous caps, and oriented skyward similar to photosynthesizing organisms. If these specimens are living, fossilized or abiogenic is unknown. If biological, they may be producing and replenishing atmospheric oxygen. Abiogenic processes might also contribute to oxygenation via sublimation and seasonal melting of subglacial water-ice deposits coupled with UV splitting of water molecules; a process of abiogenic photosynthesis that could have significantly depleted oceans of water and subsurface ice over the last 4.5 billion years.
Europarechtswidrige Vergütungspflicht?
Authors: Klimpel Paul
Published: November 2020

Kulturinstitutionen müssen zahlreiche rechtliche Hindernisse überwinden, um kulturelles Erbe Online zu präsentieren. Das Urheberrecht erweist sich häufig als ein kaum lösbares Problem, insbesondere bei Zeugnissen sozialer Bewegungen wie der Frauenbewegung oder der Friedensbewegung, die niemals kommerziell vermarktet wurden. Die Klärung des urheberrechtlichen Stauts jedes einzelnen Objekts ist bei Massendigitalisierung kaum möglich. Die DSM-Richtline der EU wird die Situation verbessern, wobei einiges von den Details der Umsetzung abhängt. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Rolle der Verwertungsgesellschaften.
The world’s first mainly female cabinet: “The council of female ministers” in the Spanish cabinet (2018) on Twitter
Authors: Bernárdez-Rodal Asunción , Congosto Maria Luz , López-Priego Nuria
Published: November 2020

1 June 2018 marked a historic moment in Spanish politics, when the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) announced a cabinet with the largest proportion of female ministers in the world. This announcement received extensive coverage in the traditional media. The objective of this research was to measure whether the news had an equivalent impact on Twitter users. To this end, we analyzed the reaction to the appointments based on the popularity of the hashtags #GobiernoSanchez (“Sanchez Government”), #GobiernoFeminista (“Feminist Government”) and #ConsejoMinistras (“Council of Female Ministers”). The most significant findings are that women had even less visibility than they were given in traditional media because of what is not retweeted does not exist, and that the extreme polarization of political life and the media in the public sphere appears to extend to the digital environment of Twitter.
Rigidity of “Warsaw clay” from the Poznań Formation determined byin situtests
Authors: Rabarijoely Simon
Published: November 2020

The character of morphogenetic processes occurring within river valleys depends on the mechanical and hydrogeological properties of deposits that build up such landforms. In the case of the Polish Lowlands, a series of Pliocene clay lake sediments (so-called Poznań mottled clays) plays a special role. Their current locations and properties are associated with specific sedimentation conditions and glacitectonic deformations, which the soils have been subjected to many times in Pleistocene. Their presence in the lithological profile influences dynamics of slope processes in valleys’ escarpment zones and channel erosion stabilization. In this article, the “Warsaw clay” from the Poznań Series Formation is presented in comparison with other cohesive Quaternary sediments, which are mostly building neighboring outcrops. This article analyzes the Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) results and a method of interpretation to determineIR, plasticity index, and liquid limit (LL) parameters. The undrained shear strengthSuwas determined based on the Cone Penetration Test (CPT), SDMT, and laboratory test results. Spatial variability of the strength and deformation parameters in the study area were determined using dilatometer test (SDMT) results. Finally, the nomogram chart is proposed to obtain the rigidity index (IR) of the preconsolidated Pliocene clays, depending on bothp0andp1pressures from SDMT and effective vertical stressσv0′{\sigma }_{\text{v0}}^{^{\prime} }and pore water pressureu0.
Identification of the spatial distributions, pollution levels, sources, and health risk of heavy metals in surface dusts from Korla, NW China
Authors: Hayrat Adila , Eziz Mamattursun
Published: November 2020

A total of 54 surface dust samples were gathered from Korla in NW China, and the concentrations of six heavy metal elements, such as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, and Cu, were determined by standard methods. The geostatistical analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, pollution load index (PLI), and the US EPA health risk assessment model were used to analyze the spatial distribution, pollution, and its potential health risk of heavy metals in surface dusts, and the main sources of heavy metals were also identified. The obtained results indicate that the average concentrations of As in surface dust of Korla is lower than the background values determined in Xinjiang soil, whereas the average concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu elements exceeded the corresponding background values by factors of 3.71, 1.87, 1.96, 1.14, and 1.29, respectively. The higher concentration of analyzed heavy metals is observed in the northeastern and northern parts in the study area. The pollution level of heavy metals decreased in the following order: Hg > Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > As. Based on the identified concentrations, the collected dust samples are found to be heavily polluted by Hg and slightly polluted by As, and the remaining elements, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr, are found to be low polluted. Furthermore, the PLI values of heavy metals in surface dust vary between 0.74 and 2.74, with an average value of 1.40, at the low pollution level. In addition, As in surface dust in the study area is mainly natural source, while Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb are mainly anthropogenic sources. Overall, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks of the analyzed elements, instigated mainly by oral ingestion of surface dust, are found to be within the acceptable range for both children and adults. As and Cr are the main noncarcinogenic elements, whereas Cr is the major carcinogenic element among the investigated dust-bound heavy metals in Korla.
A note on the trace inequality for Riesz potentials
Authors: Imerlishvili Giorgi , Meskhi Alexander
Published: November 2020

We establish a necessary and sufficient condition on a non-negative locally integrable function v guaranteeing the (trace) inequality

∥

I
α

⁢
f

∥

L
v
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

≤

C
⁢

∥
f
∥

L

p
,
1

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

\lVert I_{\alpha}f\rVert_{L^{p}_{v}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}\leq C\lVert f\rVert_{L^{p%
,1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

for the Riesz potential

I
α

{I_{\alpha}}

, where

L

p
,
1

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{L^{p,1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

is the Lorentz space. The same problem is studied for potentials defined on spaces of homogeneous type.
On “On derivations and commutativity of prime rings with involution”
Authors: Almahdi Fuad Ali Ahmed
Published: November 2020

In this note, we indicate some errors in [S. Ali, N. A. Dar and M. Asci,
On derivations and commutativity of prime rings with involution,
Georgian Math. J. 23 2016, 1, 9–14] and present the correct versions of the erroneous results.
Associations of endothelial biomarkers, nitric oxide metabolites and endothelin, with blood pressure and coronary lesions depend on cardiovascular risk and sex to mark endothelial dysfunction on the SCORE scale
Authors: Gumanova Nadezhda G. , Gorshkov Alexander U. , Klimushina Marina V. , Kots Alexander Y.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, direct associations of vasoactive mediators with cardiovascular risk are poorly understood.

Methods

We have determined associations of circulating levels of stable metabolites of nitric oxide, nitrate and nitrite (NOx), endothelin-1, and the endothelin-1/NOx ratio with blood pressure in 177 asymptomatic subjects without signs of coronary atherosclerosis; associations with blood pressure and with presence of coronary lesions were also evaluated in 457 patients suspected to have coronary heart disease with or without coronary lesions confirmed by coronary angiography. All participants were on a low nitrate diet 24 h prior to blood sampling.

Results

In men, NOx levels were inversely correlated with blood pressure similar to women with low (0–4%) European Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE). However, the correlation was not significant in women with high SCORE (5–8%). High systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg was negatively associated with NOx levels in asymptomatic men (p=0.05) but not in women. This association is disrupted in male and female patients with coronary atherosclerosis. In male patients, NOx (p=0.05), endothelin (p=0.01), and the endothelin/NOx ratio (p=0.04) were associated with presence of coronary lesions.

Conclusions

Thus, elevated cardiovascular risk according to SCORE over 4% in asymptomatic women, but not in men, is associated with a shift in markers of endothelial dysfunction. Presence of coronary lesions in patients is associated with significant changes in circulating levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction in men but not in women.
Vitamin D and sleep duration: Is there a bidirectional relationship?
Authors: Mosavat Maryam , Smyth Aisling , Arabiat Diana , Whitehead Lisa
Published: November 2020

Vitamin D contributes to numerous physiological processes within the body but primarily calcium and bone homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights a novel role for vitamin D in maintaining and regulating optimal sleep. Sleep is a known regulator of bone health, highlighting the interconnectedness between vitamin D concentrations, sleep duration and bone metabolism. It is possible that the relationship between sleep length and vitamin D is bidirectional, with vitamin D playing a role in sleep health and conversely, sleep affecting vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, limited information on the direction of the interaction is available, and much remains to be learned concerning the complex relationship between insufficient sleep duration and vitamin D deficiency. Given the potential to implement interventions to improve sleep and vitamin D supplementation, understanding this relationship further could represent a novel way to support and improve health.