bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired toughening of soft elastomer via embedded three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Yaxin , Gong Min , Liu Meiling , Lin Xiang , Wang Dongrui , Hu Penghao
Published: February 2022

The interest in soft elastomers has been revived because they are needed in the emerging soft robotics and wearable devices. It is imperative to adjust the mechanical properties of elastomeric materials for real‐life applications as well as to develop an approach to construct more complex and customized architectures. In this study, an embedded extrusion‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing method was used to prepare silicone elastomeric composites. Cellulose nanocrystals were introduced to tailor the rheology of the ink and serve as reinforcements after solidification. The printing paths were carefully designed to write Bouligand structures, which have been widely found in arthropod cuticles and fish scales because of their exceptional damage resistance. Compared with the pure elastomer and randomly distributed composites, the 3D‐printed elastomeric composites with bioinspired structures exhibited simultaneously enhanced stiffness, extensibility, and toughness. This strategy may be extended to the realization of other biomimetic designs and paves the way for soft material manufacturing.
Salts and water‐free dyeing of cellulose nanofibers using novel green deep eutectic solvents: Isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Mehdi Mujahid , Hussain Nadir , Khatri Muzamil , Hakro Raheel Ahmed , Ghaffar Abdul , Khatri Zeeshan , Kim Ick Soo , Zhang Ke‐Qin
Published: February 2022

Recently, dyeing of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) has gained substantial interest due to its multifunctional properties, but discharge of hazardous effluent containing salts are biggest challenges for sustainability for textile processing sectors. Herein, we report deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a novel green dyeing medium to dye CNF with anionic reactive dyes (without salts) for the first time and dyeing parameters were optimized. Dyed CNF in DES showed 37% higher color yield compared to CNF dyed in conventional dyeing medium (with auxiliaries). The diffusion and standard affinity of both reactive dyes towards CNF in DES medium were greater than conventional (CN) medium. CNF dyed in DES revealed smooth morphology and the presence of reactive dyes confirmed by FTIR, it also offers enhanced wettability, and good color fastness properties. Therefore, DES can potentially be utilized as an effective dyeing medium.
Docetaxel‐loaded scaffolds manufactured by 3D printing as model, biodegradable prostatic stents
Authors: Jaworska Joanna , Stojko Mateusz , Włodarczyk Jakub , Janeczek Henryk , Godzierz Marcin , Musiał‐Kulik Monika , Bryniarski Piotr , Kasperczyk Janusz
Published: February 2022

The first‐line therapy against locally advanced prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy as well as radiation therapy which might contribute to the swelling of the prostate. To prevent this, prostatic urethral stents might be used and they are mostly made of metal alloys. However, biodegradable prostatic stents are constantly explored. The aim of the study was 3D printing of tubular biodegradable scaffolds intended as a model prostatic stent since 3D printing allows obtaining devices with controlled geometric shape and function. Additional docetaxel‐loaded layers on bioresorbable scaffolds were obtained for local chemotherapeutic delivery. Scaffolds were characterized before and during incubation in artificial urine for 6 weeks. Changes in the chain microstructure of the scaffolding polymer during this period were stable. Weight loss of the scaffolds was very low contrary to molecular weight changes. During incubation, slow release of the docetaxel was observed. After 6 weeks, 20% of the drug was released from the coating. The stable release of the cytostatic drug during chemotherapy is advantageous. Contrary to systemic administration of docetaxel used nowadays as a standard treatment in castration‐resistant prostatic cancer, local administration is proposed instead, with the aim to downstage the disease before radical therapy and thus to minimize the risk of recurrence.
Techniques for locating and analyzing subterranean Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum gametophytes in the field
Authors: Rimgailė‐Voicik Radvilė , Naujalis Jonas Remigijus
Published: February 2022

Homosporous club mosses have an archaic life cycle, alternating two locationally, nutritionally, and physiologically independent generations. The sexual generation of club mosses—the gametophytes (or prothallia)—are among the least researched botanical subjects. The gametophytes are responsible for not only sexual reproduction, but also the determination of recruitment of the new sporophyte generation, species habitat selection, migration, and evolution. Researchers often fail to find juvenile club moss populations and thus do not discover subterranean long‐lived achlorophyllous gametophytes. To date, the gametophytes of most club moss species remain undiscovered in nature and are not scientifically documented. Almost all researchers who have previously located subterranean club moss gametophytes declared that their first find was due to luck and that subsequently the researcher's intuition plays the most important role; however, intuition and good luck are not scientific methods. In our review, we combine our knowledge with data available in the literature and discuss the following questions using a methodical approach: (1) How can we locate a subterranean club moss gametophyte population? (2) How can we extract the gametophytes? and (3) What new knowledge about club moss population development can be gained by analyzing juvenile club moss populations?
Biomarker‐Responsive Fluorescent Probes for In‐Vivo Imaging of Liver Injury
Authors: Zhong Yang , Yang Lulu , Zhou Yunyun , Peng Juanjuan
Published: February 2022

Liver injury‐related diseases have aroused widespread concern due to their extreme unpredictability, acute onset, and severe consequences. Nowadays, the clinical prediction and assessment of liver injury mainly focus on histopathological and serological approaches, which require a tedious process and sometimes invasive biopsy. Over the past decades, fluorescence imaging techniques have emerged for the diagnosis of diseases owing to their noninvasiveness, high fidelity and ease of operation. With regard to liver injury, fluorescent probes have been delicately designed to respond to a variety of endogenous biomolecules to precisely offer comprehensive information about the lesion site. Herein, we make a brief summary and discussion about the design strategies and applications of recently reported fluorescent biosensors responsive to a series of biomarkers involved in liver injury. The potential prospects and remaining challenges are also discussed to promote the progression in this field.
Nano‐Conductive Additive with Low Interfacial Energy Confining the Movement of Lithium Polysulfide Solution Enables Stable Reaction of Sulfur Electrode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Won Jong Ho , Lee Merry , Kwon Hye Min , Jeong Hyung Mo
Published: February 2022

With the increasing demand for green energy vehicles, lithium‐sulfur batteries are drawing attention as new energy storage devices. This is because the theoretical capacity of sulfur cathodes is least five times higher that of conventional cathodes. However, in combination with lithium, sulfur cathodes diffuse to all parts of the cell through an uncontrolled and irreversible shuttle effect. Various studies have attempted to confine sulfur in a particular structure while it is dissolved in electrolytes. Unfortunately, this approach is ineffective because of the mobility and corrosive properties of lithium polysulfide. In this study, we present nano‐conductive additives with minimized interfacial energy to lithium polysulfide that controls the shuttle effect by confining the movement of the lithium polysulfide solution within the cathodes. The nano‐conductive additive was synthesized to form low interfacial energy through surface modification and used in lithium‐sulfur batteries to enable a capacity of approximately 600 mAh g−1 for 1000 repeated charge/discharge cycles.
Multi‐Functionalized Polymers as Organic Cathodes for Sustainable Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mohammadiroudbari Motahareh , Qin Kaiqiang , Luo Chao
Published: February 2022

In this work, we designed and synthesized three novel polymeric cathode materials based on azo and carbonyl groups for Na‐ion and K‐ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the polymer with a naphthalene backbone structure is better than that with benzene and biphenyl structures due to faster kinetics and lower solubility in the electrolyte. It unravels the rational design principle of extending π‐conjugation aromatic structures in redox‐active polymers to enhance the electrochemical performance. To further optimize the polymeric cathodes, the polymer with a naphthalene backbone structure is mixed with nitrogen‐doped graphene to increase the conductivity and mitigate the dissolution. The resulting cathodes deliver high specific capacity, long cycle life, and fast‐charging capability. Post‐cycling characterizations were employed to study the chemical structure and morphology evolution upon cycling, demonstrating that the active centers (azo and carbonyl groups) in the polymer can undergo reversible redox reactions with Na+/K+ for sustainable alkali‐ion batteries.
Adjunctive Diagnostic Methods for Skin Cancer Detection: A Review of Electrical Impedance‐Based Techniques
Authors: Anushree U. , Shetty Sachin , Kumar Rajesh , Bharati Sanjay
Published: February 2022

Skin cancer is among the fastest‐growing cancers with an excellent prognosis, if detected early. However, the current method of diagnosis by visual inspection has several disadvantages such as overlapping tumor characteristics, subjectivity, low sensitivity, and specificity. Hence, several adjunctive diagnostic techniques such as thermal imaging, optical imaging, ultrasonography, tape stripping methods, and electrical impedance imaging are employed along with visual inspection to improve the diagnosis. Electrical impedance‐based skin cancer detection depends upon the variations in electrical impedance characteristics of the transformed cells. The information provided by this technique is fundamentally different from other adjunctive techniques and thus has good prospects. Depending on the stage, type, and location of skin cancer, various impedance‐based devices have been developed. These devices when used as an adjunct to visual methods have increased the sensitivity and specificity of skin cancer detection up to 100% and 87%, respectively, thus demonstrating their potential to minimize unnecessary biopsies. In this review, the authors track the advancements and progress made in this technique for the detection of skin cancer, focusing mainly on the advantages and limitations in the clinical setting. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Das Heiligenborner Viadukt – 170‐jähriges Eisenbahnviadukt – fit gemacht für den nächsten Nutzungsabschnitt
Authors: Hering Elke , Lorenz Enrico , Meichsner Erik , Schwedes Rainer , Herrmann Thomas , Bösche Thomas
Published: February 2022

Historische Eisenbahnviadukte sind stadt‐ bzw. landschaftsprägende Bauwerke. Aufgrund ihres Charakters als bedeutende Bestandteile der gebauten Umwelt, aber auch als wichtige wirtschaftliche Werte, ist der respektvolle Umgang bei Entscheidungen zur Instandsetzung und Weiternutzung dieser Zeugnisse zurückliegender Ingenieurbaukunst unabdingbar. Oft gehen derartige Umbaumaßnahmen mit einer umfassenden Erweiterung der Funktion des Bauwerks einher. Neben einer einfachen Verbreiterung des Fahrwegs können auch zusätzliche technische Einrichtungen, zum Beispiel Oberleitungsanlagen, zu erheblichen Eingriffen in das Erscheinungsbild des Bauwerks führen. Bauen im historischen Bestand stellt sowohl an die Planung als auch an die Bauausführung besondere Anforderungen.
Strategies to control therapeutic antibody glycosylation during bioprocessing: Synthesis and separation
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth , Livanos Maria , Krueger Anja , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Mark Smales C. , Bracewell Daniel G.
Published: February 2022

Glycosylation can be a critical quality attribute in biologic manufacturing. In particular, it has implications on the half‐life, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and must be closely monitored throughout drug development and manufacturing. To address this, advances have been made primarily in upstream processing, including mammalian cell line engineering, to yield more predictably glycosylated mAbs and the addition of media supplements during fermentation to manipulate the metabolic pathways involved in glycosylation. A more robust approach would be a conjoined upstream–downstream processing strategy. This could include implementing novel downstream technologies, such as the use of Fc γ‐based affinity ligands for the separation of mAb glycovariants. This review highlights the importance of controlling therapeutic antibody glycosylation patterns, the challenges faced in terms of glycosylation during mAb biosimilar development, current efforts both upstream and downstream to control glycosylation and their limitations, and the need for research in the downstream space to establish holistic and consistent manufacturing processes for the production of antibody therapies.
Engineering redox sensors into CHO cells enables near‐real‐time quantification of intracellular redox in bioprocesses
Authors: McFarland Kevin S. , Zhu Jie , Sinharoy Pritam , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Handlogten Michael W.
Published: February 2022

The production of biologics that treat complex diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune, and infectious disease, requires careful monitoring and control of cell cultures. While bioprocess optimizations have dramatically improved production yields, a lack of analytical tools has made it challenging to identify accompanying intracellular improvements. Intracellular redox can diminish the growth and productivity of biologics‐producing cells and adversely impact product quality profiles yet characterizing redox is challenging due to its complex and highly transient nature. In this study, we integrated a fluorescent thiol‐based redox biosensor to monitor intracellular redox in one bisAb‐ and two monoclonal antibody‐producing clonal cell lines in a 14‐day fed‐batch bioreactor. We characterized biosensor functionality using three fluorescence measurement techniques and determined sensor oxidation correlates with the intracellular ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), an important cellular antioxidant. Our fed‐batch bioreactor studies showed that sensor expression minimally affected bioprocess outcomes, including growth, productivity, product quality attributes, or intracellular redox attributes, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and total cellular GSH levels in all cell lines tested. Biosensor measurements taken throughout the culture revealed that the intracellular environment in these cell lines became more reduced throughout the culture, with the exception of a high pH condition which became more oxidized. Our results demonstrate the potential of using biosensors to monitor intracellular changes in near‐real‐time with minimal process effects, thus potentially improving future bioprocess optimizations.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the prognosis in cancer patients with sepsis
Authors: Yang Yong , Dong Jun , Li Yang , Chen Renxiong , Tian Xiuyun , Wang Hongzhi , Hao Chunyi
Published: February 2022

Background

To develop a multiparameter‐based, easy‐to‐use nomogram and to predict the prognosis of cancer patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Clinical data on cancer patients with sepsis who met the definition of sepsis 3.0 admitted to the ICU from January 2016 to October 2021 were collected. All patients were randomly entered into the development cohort or validation cohort according to the ratio of 7:3. Patients in the development cohort were divided into the survivors and the nonsurvivors according to the outcome of 28 days in ICU. The independent risk factors of mortality due to sepsis were screened out from the two groups (the survivors and the nonsurvivors) in the development cohort through multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was established with these independent risk factors, and the calibration plot was subsequently evaluated. Finally, the predictive power of the nomogram was verified in the validation cohort.

Results

A total of 317 cancer patients with sepsis who met the requirements were enrolled in this study, of which 229 entered into the development cohort and 88 entered into the validation cohort. The 28‐day mortality rates of the two cohorts were 17.5% and 20.5%, respectively. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on day 3 (d3), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) d3, fluid accumulation at 72 hours (h), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were independent risk factors for the 28‐day mortality between the survivors and the nonsurvivors in the development cohort. A nomogram was established on the above variables. The calibration plots fit well with the nomogram and had good statistical consistency in predicting the 28‐day mortality of sepsis (the C value was 0.938 and 0.968 in the two cohorts, respectively). With a nomogram score of 83.8 points, the diagnostic accuracy was 90.8% vs 92.0%, the sensitivity was 72.5% vs 77.7%, the specificity was 94.7% vs 95.7%, the positive predictive value was 72.3% vs 82.4%, and the negative predictive value was 94.2% vs 94.4% for predicting the 28‐day mortality in the development cohort and the validation cohort, respectively.

Conclusion

This easy‐to‐use nomogram based on NLR d3, BNP d3, and fluid accumulation at 72 h and SOFA score provides an accurate 28‐day prognosis prediction for cancer patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU.
Piperine, Reserpine and β‐Sitosterol Attenuate Stem Rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of Groundnut by Inducing the Secretion of defense Enzymes and Phenolic Acids
Authors: Lakshmi Nikhitha , Basha Shaik Ameer , Paramita Pal Pragya , Begum Ahil Sajeli , Vittal Ramya , Naik Saida , Devi Gali Uma , Sagar Bokka Vidya
Published: February 2022

Groundnut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a major constraint as it affects the productivity. Although managing this disease using synthetic fungicides is a more feasible method, environmental pollution and side effects caused by them demand some safe fungicides. Seven phytochemicals piperine, quercetin, reserpine, atropine sulfate, β‐sitosterol, ethyl protocatechuate and salicylic acid were initially tested against S. rolfsii under in vitro methods. All the compounds exhibited significant effects on mycelial inhibition (except atropine sulfate), sclerotial development, ooze formation, maturity, sclerotial number and germination of S. rolfsii. The more active compounds, piperine, reserpine and β‐sitosterol were then evaluated under glasshouse condition by adopting various application methods (seed treatment, foliar application and micro‐injection at 2000 μg/mL) on groundnut plants challenged with and without S. rolfsii. All the treatments effectively reduced the plant mortality when tested every 15 days of infection with S. rolfsii. However, the magnitude of reduction varied among the treatments, with the mortality ranging between 9.37 % and 29.68 % compared to the control (40.68 %). The piperine‐microinjected plants recorded minimum mortality (3.12 %). The defense enzymes (PAL and PPO) and key end products such as phenolics (total and individual) were determined in the leaf samples collected after 24, 48 and 72 h of infection with S. rolfsii to understand the systemic resistance induction effect. An increase in PAL and PPO activity was observed in all the samples. While microinjection of β‐sitosterol caused a maximum PAL induction, piperine caused a maximum PPO activity. Further, samples of piperine treated group showed higher induction of phenolic acids (86.46 μg g−1 micro‐injection) compared to β‐sitosterol and reserpine groups in all the methods. When the samples were analysed (HPLC) for individual phenolic acids, maximum accumulation of various acids was observed in the samples collected after 48 h. Tannic and gallic acids were found to be accumulated in higher quantities in most of the samples. The maximum accumulation of phenolic acids was found in micro‐injected samples. These results verified the reduction of mortality through the induction of defensive chemicals by the action of phytochemicals. Thus, the study recommends the use of these natural molecules for the integrated management of stem rot of groundnut after necessary field trials.
Rational Design of Self‐Assembling Artificial Proteins Utilizing a Micelle‐Assisted Protein Labeling Technology (MAPLabTech): Testing the Scope**
Authors: Reddy Mullapudi Mohan , Bhandari Pavankumar , Hati Kshitish Chandra , Sandanaraj Britto S.
Published: February 2022

Self‐assembling artificial proteins (SAPs) have gained enormous interest in recent years due to their applications in different fields. Synthesis of well‐defined monodisperse SAPs is accomplished predominantly through genetic methods. However, the last decade has witnessed the use of a few chemical technologies for this purpose. In particular, micelle‐assisted protein labeling technology (MAPLabTech) has made huge progress in this area. The first generation MAPLabTech focused on site‐specific labeling of the active‐site residue of serine proteases to make SAPs. Further, this methodology was exploited for labeling of N‐terminal residue of a globular protein to make functional SAPs. In this study, we describe the synthesis of novel SAPs by developing a chemical method for site‐specific labeling of a surface‐exposed cysteine residue of globular proteins. In addition, we disclose the synthesis of redox‐sensitive SAPs and their systematic self‐assembly and disassembly studies using size‐exclusion chromatography. Altogether these studies further expand the scope of MAPLabTech in different fields such as vaccine design, targeted drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, biomaterials, and tissue engineering.
Five‐year trends in cause‐specific readmissions and cost burden of mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Fabry Nicholas , Hendrickson Michael J. , Arora Sameer , Vavalle John P.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate cost trends associated with mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER).

Background

TEER is a treatment option for patients at prohibitive surgical risk with moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation and NYHA class III or IV symptoms. The 30‐day costs and causes of readmission following TEER have not been well studied.

Methods

Patients undergoing mitral TEER in the United States from 2014 to 2018 were identified in the Nationwide Readmission Database. Patient characteristics, cause‐specific readmission, and costs of the index hospitalization and readmissions were analyzed. Costs were trended over years using general linear regression.

Results

A total of 10,196 patients underwent mitral TEER during the study period. Thirty‐day readmissions were stable over time at around 16%. The mean length of stay following TEER decreased from 7 days in 2014 to 5 days in 2018. There was a significant decline in the cost of the index hospitalization of $1311 per year, and a significant decline in the total 30‐day cost of $1588 per year (p < 0.001). This was strictly due to a reduction in the cost of the index hospitalization without a change in readmission costs over time (p = 0.23). Infectious causes of readmissions significantly decreased while total cardiovascular readmissions, including heart failure, remained constant.

Conclusion

The decreasing 30‐day cost burden of TEER is primarily driven by the shorter index length of stay, as experience in TEER has grown and, length of stay has declined. However, cardiovascular readmissions, and consequently readmission costs, have remained steady.
Timing of mechanical circulatory support during primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Archilletti Federico , Giuliani Livio , Dangas George D. , Ricci Fabrizio , Benedetto Umberto , Radico Francesco , Gallina Sabina , Rossi Serena , Maddestra Nicola , Zimarino Marco
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We aim to define whether the timing of microaxial left ventricular assist device (IMLVAD) implantation might impact on mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cardiogenic shock (CS) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Background

Despite the widespread use of PPCI, mortality in patients with AMI and CS remains high. Mechanical circulatory support is a promising bridge to recovery strategy, but evidence on its benefit is still inconclusive and the optimal timing of its utilization remains poorly explored.

Methods

We compared clinical outcomes of upstream IMLVAD use before PPCI versus bailout use after PPCI in patients with AMI CS. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies comparing the two strategies were performed. Effect size was reported as odds ratio (OR) using bailout as reference group and a random effect model was used. Study‐level risk estimates were pooled through the generic inverse variance method (random effect model).

Results

A total of 11 observational studies were identified, including a pooled population of 6759 AMI‐CS patients. Compared with a bailout approach, upstream IMLVAD was associated with significant reduction of 30‐day (OR = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–0.82; I2 = 43%, adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.37–0.59; I2 = 3%, test for subgroup difference p = 0.30), 6‐month (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.96; I2 = 66%), and 1‐year (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.39–0.79; I2 = 0%) all‐cause mortality. Incidence of access‐related bleeding, acute limb ischemia and transfusion outcomes were similar between the two strategies.

Conclusion

In patients with AMI‐CS undergoing PPCI, upstream IMLVAD was associated with reduced early and midterm all‐cause mortality when compared with a bailout strategy.
A microchemical analysis of acid values in stored wheat
Authors: Li Ping , Yang Wei , Cong Fangdi , Zhang Ailin , Zhang Shulin , Wang Yingchao , Su Yongpeng , Liu Daying , Liu Haixue , Li Tao
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives

Quantifying the acid value of stored wheat is of great significance for timely treatment and avoiding waste. For the low‐fat content in wheat, the aim of this study is to propose a microchemical way for the acid value analysis.

Findings

Twenty‐four wheat samples are taken from the grain reserve depot and the acid values of them are analyzed by the spectral response of one phthalocyanine dye, tetra‐α‐octoxy substituted zinc phthalocyanine, to a fatty acid. Under the experimental conditions, a linear relation exists between the absorbance of this dye at 749 nm (A749 nm) and the concentration logarithm (lncb) of fatty acid (palmitic acid) in chloroform, R2 = 1.000.

Conclusions

By the aforesaid linearity, 1 µl of extracted wheat oil is enough to determine the acid values of wheat samples, which can avoid the interference from the color of the sample in traditional titration.

Significance and Novelty

The UV‐visible method has great potential in the actual analysis of the acid value of wheat samples and has important reference value for the analysis of other related agricultural products, food and drugs, and so on.
The role of situational affect in students’ academic major satisfaction
Authors: Lehman Alison N. , Nauta Margaret M.
Published: February 2022

We used survey data to examine the association of situational affect with academic major satisfaction among 386 college students. Positive and negative affect experienced in classes related to students’ majors were both significantly related to their major satisfaction, with positive affect having the stronger association. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that positive and negative affect each had incremental validity over the other in the prediction of major satisfaction, and this held true even after controlling for students’ perceptions of fit with their majors. The association between positive affect and major satisfaction was moderated by year in school, with the association being strongest among first‐year students. Even when students perceive their majors to be a good fit, counselors and educators are advised to help them explore ways to maximize positive emotions and effectively manage negative emotions they experience in courses and activities related to their majors.
Career adaptability as a mediator between social capital and career engagement
Authors: Sou Elvo K. L. , Yuen Mantak , Chen Gaowei
Published: February 2022

The Chinese short form of Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale (CAAS‐SF) is a newly validated scale to measure career adaptability. The present study examined the psychometric properties of this measure and the role of career adaptability as a mediator between social capital and career engagement. Based on data obtained from a sample of 610 university students in Macao, it was found that the scale has good psychometric properties and is suitable for use among college students. In addition, results showed that social capital was moderately correlated with career engagement and the relationship was partially mediated by career adaptability. Implications for practice were discussed.
Mo2C‐Embedded Carbon Nanofibers as the Interlayer in High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Deng Tongtong , Sun Wang , Mao Yuqiong , Huang Jing , He Liuliu , Dou Xinyue , Bai Yu , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Kening
Published: February 2022

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are among the most encouraging competitors for the next‐generation energy storage system, nevertheless, the shuttle effect resulted from the soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow chemical kinetics hinder the pragmatic application of LSBs. To address those issues, herein, a uniform three‐dimensional (3D) structure constructing carbon nanofibers (CNF) with polar Mo2C nanoparticles (Mo2C@CNF) was designed and coated onto one side of pristine conventional polypropylene separator (Mo2C@CNF/PP). The Mo2C@CNF with high electrical conductivity not only chemically constrained the LiPSs by chemical trapping, but also catalyzed the conversion of LiPSs to Li2S2/Li2S. Cells with Mo2C@CNF/PP separator presented a high specific capacity of 732.9 mAh g−1; 500 mAh g−1 was kept, due to sluggish capacity decay (0.063 % per cycle), after 500 cycles. Judging from the outstanding electrochemical performance of batteries with the Mo2C@CNF/PP separator, the proposal is an enlightening strategy for the advancement high‐performance LSBs.
Robust S4⋅⋅⋅O Supramolecular Synthons: Structures of Radical‐Radical Cocrystals [p‐XC6F4CNSSN]2[TEMPO] (X=F, Cl, Br, I, CN)
Authors: Stephaniuk Nadia T. , Nascimento Mitchell A. , Nikoo Sahar , Heyer Elodie , Watanabe Lara K. , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: February 2022

Cocrystallization of the dithiadiazolyl (DTDA) radicals p‐XC6F4CNSSN (X=F, Cl, Br, I, CN) with TEMPO afforded the 2 : 1 cocrystals [p‐XC6F4CNSSN]2[TEMPO] (1–5) whose structures all reflect a common S4⋅⋅⋅O supramolecular motif. The nature of this interaction was probed by DFT calculations (M06/aug‐cc‐pVDZ) on 1 which revealed that the enthalpy of formation of the [C6F5CNSSN]2[TEMPO] supramolecular motif from [C6F5CNSSN]2 and TEMPO is substantial (−54.0 kJ mol−1). Electronic structure calculations revealed a TEMPO‐based doublet S=
configuration as the ground state with limited spin density on the DTDA rings (2.4 %). The corresponding spin quartet state is +78.9 kJ mol−1 higher in energy. An atoms‐in‐molecules analysis reveals four bond critical points (BCPs) between the TEMPO O and the DTDA S atoms as well as additional BCPs between selected DTDA S atoms and methyl H atoms of the TEMPO molecule. Herein, the structures of 2–5 are considered within the context of a hierarchical view of competing and complementary intermolecular interactions; in particular, the established supramolecular CN⋅⋅⋅S−S synthon is sacrificed in order to form the new S4⋅⋅⋅O interaction.
Investigation of Molecular Iridium Fluorides IrFn (n=1–6): A Combined Matrix‐Isolation and Quantum‐Chemical Study
Authors: Lu Yan , Tsegaw Yetsedaw A. , Wodyński Artur , Li Lin , Beckers Helmut , Kaupp Martin , Riedel Sebastian
Published: February 2022

The photo‐initiated defluorination of iridium hexafluoride (IrF6) was investigated in neon and argon matrices at 6 K, and their photoproducts are characterized by IR and UV‐vis spectroscopies as well as quantum‐chemical calculations. The primary photoproducts obtained after irradiation with λ=365 nm are iridium pentafluoride (IrF5) and iridium trifluoride (IrF3), while longer irradiation of the same matrix with λ=278 nm produced iridium tetrafluoride (IrF4) and iridium difluoride (IrF2) by Ir−F bond cleavage or F2 elimination. In addition, IrF5 can be reversed to IrF6 by adding a F atom when exposed to blue‐light (λ=470 nm) irradiation. Laser irradiation (λ=266 nm) of IrF4 also generated IrF6, IrF5, IrF3 and IrF2. Alternatively, molecular binary iridium fluorides IrFn (n=1–6) were produced by co‐deposition of laser‐ablated iridium atoms with elemental fluorine in excess neon and argon matrices under cryogenic conditions. Computational studies up to scalar relativistic CCSD(T)/triple‐ζ level and two‐component quasirelativistic DFT computations including spin‐orbit coupling effects supported the formation of these products and provided detailed insights into their molecular structures by their characteristic Ir−F stretching bands. Compared to the Jahn‐Teller effect, the influence of spin‐orbit coupling dominates in IrF5, leading to a triplet ground state with C4v symmetry, which was spectroscopically detected in solid argon and neon matrices.
Synthesis of Cyclopropenes and Fluorinated Cyclopropanes via Michael Initiated Ring Closure of Alkyl Triflones
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Ren‐Yin , Xu Bo
Published: February 2022

A facile synthesis of cyclopropenes and fluorinated cyclopropanes from readily available alkyl triflones was developed. The reaction, regardless of electronic effect, gave products in good to excellent yields and moderate diastereoselectivity. The mechanism may involve tandem Michael addition of triflones/intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization (elimination of ‐SO2CF3)/elimination of fluoride.
Rational Design and Integrative Assembly of Heteromeric Metalla[2]Catenanes Featuring Cp*Ir/Rh Fragments
Authors: Liu Dong , Lu Ye , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: February 2022

We report a design strategy for integrative assembly of heteromeric [2]catenanes. The design focuses on the shape and functional group match of two different metalla‐rectangles. A series of dipyridyl ligands with different lengths, widths and functional groups were designed and used for assembly experiments. Six heteromeric [2]catenanes were obtained both by direct mixture of two pre‐assembled metalla‐rectangles and one‐pot three‐component self‐assembly. Multiple analytic methods were employed to characterize the catenanes, including single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
PRISMA: A Robust and Intuitive Tool for High‐Throughput Processing of Chemical Spectra**
Authors: Flores Eibar , Mozhzhukhina Nataliia , Li Xinyu , Norby Poul , Matic Aleksandar , Vegge Tejs
Published: February 2022

Here we introduce PRISMA, an open‐source tool to rapidly analyse large numbers of spectra into meaningful spectroscopic trends. PRISMA follows a human‐in‐the‐loop workflow, where the user interacts with an intuitive graphical user interface to control multiple steps in the spectrum analysis process: trimming, baseline correction, and peak fitting. The tool outputs the results in an easy‐to‐read csv format within seconds. We describe the functionalities implemented in PRISMA and test its capabilities with three experimental cases relevant to the study of Electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices: a temperature‐dependent Raman measurement of phase transitions, a linear Raman mapping of a graphite composite electrode, and an operando X‐ray diffraction experiment of lithium nickel oxide composite battery electrode. The case studies demonstrate the robustness of the app and its ability to unearth insightful trends in peak parameters, which are easier to represent, interpret and further analyse with more advanced techniques.
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Authors: Chang Chia‐Yu , Dai Zhi‐Xuan , Shih Po‐Jen
Published: February 2022

The cover image is based on the Basic Research Modeling and simulation of cell migration on the basis of force equilibrium by Chia‐Yu Chang, Zhi‐Xuan Dai, and Po‐Jen Shih., https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.3550.

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Ultrafast Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Long‐Term Cycling Performance Based on Titanium Carbide/3D Interconnected Porous Carbon
Authors: Chen Dong , Geng Jitao , Sui Yangyang , Jin Zhihua , Qian Wenjing , Zhang Qijian , Aizudin Marliyana , Ang Edison Huixiang , Liu Quan , Geng Hongbo , Rui Xianhong
Published: February 2022

Carbon‐based materials are a new class of highly conductive materials that have shown cutting‐edge performance in energy storage. However, the lack of a rational design for three‐dimensional (3D) structures continues to limit its performance in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a 3D layered titanium carbide (TiC) prepared by a facile one‐pot carbonization treatment. This as‐prepared TiC anode has unique continuous 3D architecture, embedded with nanodots and surface oxygenated defects that can provide fast electron and ionic transportation, as well as multiple electrochemical sites for the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions in LIBs, resulting in fast rate capability and excellent cycle life of LIBs, for instance, the LIBs consisting of 3D TiC exhibits a specific capacity of 225 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 10,000 cycles with a capacity retention of 95%. Our findings reinvent carbon‐based materials, specifically TiC, as promising anode materials for LIBs.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Nucleoside Analog Antiviral Drug Galidesivir Administered to Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Mathis Amanda , Collins David , Dobo Sylvia , Walling Dennis M. , Sheridan William P. , Taylor Ray
Published: February 2022

Galidesivir (BCX4430) is an adenosine nucleoside analog broadly active in cell culture against multiple RNA virus families, and active in animal models of viral diseases associated with Ebola, Marburg, yellow fever, Zika, and Rift Valley fever. Current studies demonstrated the pharmacokinetics and safety of the first‐in‐human evaluations of galidesivir as intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) formulations. Two double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging studies were conducted enrolling 126 healthy subjects. Study 1 evaluated the safety and tolerability of IM galidesivir over single day dosing, single day dosing ± lidocaine, and 7‐day dosing with lidocaine. Study 2 evaluated the safety and tolerability of single ascending doses of IV galidesivir. Safety and tolerability were evaluated via clinical and laboratory monitoring. The plasma concentration–time profile of galidesivir at doses 0.3 to 10 mg/kg IM was characterized by rapid absorption, an initial rapid distribution and clearance phase, and an extended terminal elimination phase. The initial rapid distribution and extended terminal elimination were mimicked in the profile of galidesivir at doses 5 to 20 mg/kg IV. No fatal events or related serious adverse events were reported. No clinically significant dose‐related trends in laboratory values, vital signs, electrocardiograms, or echocardiograms were noted. Galidesivir was safe and generally well tolerated.
Lack of Electrocardiographic Effects of Deucravacitinib in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Chimalakonda Anjaneya , Singhal Shalabh , Darbenzio Raymond , Dockens Randy , Marchisin David , Banerjee Subhashis , Girgis Ihab G. , Throup John , He Bing , Aras Urvi , Murthy Bindu
Published: February 2022

Deucravacitinib is a novel, oral, selective inhibitor of the intracellular signaling kinase tyrosine kinase 2. This phase 1, randomized, partially double‐blind, 4‐period crossover study in healthy adults was conducted to determine whether deucravacitinib 12 mg (therapeutic dose) or 36 mg (supratherapeutic dose) had a clinically relevant effect on the corrected QT interval and other electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. Subjects received 1 of 4 sequences of placebo, deucravacitinib 12 mg, deucravacitinib 36 mg, and moxifloxacin 400 mg (positive control) in a randomized crossover fashion. The placebo‐corrected change from baseline for the QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Fridericia method (QTcF), ECG parameters, and safety measures were evaluated. A clinically meaningful QTcF prolongation of >10 milliseconds was not found for deucravacitinib at tested doses. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated by the observation of known QT effects of moxifloxacin in the study. Deucravacitinib had no clinically relevant effect on other parameters and was generally well tolerated. The majority of adverse events (AEs) were mild, and all AEs resolved by study's end. Three treatment‐related serious AEs of pharyngitis, cellulitis, and lymphadenopathy occurred in 1 subject following administration of deucravacitinib 12 mg, but resolved by end of study. This study demonstrated that a single oral dose of deucravacitinib 12 or 36 mg did not produce a clinically relevant effect on the corrected QT interval or other measured ECG parameters in healthy adults.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Insulin Administration in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Phase 1 Trial
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Zhou Weiwei , Shen Liyun , Lang Liqun , Huang Xing , Sheng Haiyuan , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing
Published: February 2022

Oral delivery is an ideal method of insulin administration and is currently a promising research field. Here, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of oral administration of an insulin capsule (ORMD‐0801) with 2 different sources of recombinant human insulin. This was a single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating phase 1 trial. Single dosing of the oral insulin capsule was administered in 70 healthy Chinese subjects. In stage 1, four dose groups (8, 16, 32, and 48 mg) for capsules containing Sanofi insulin and in stage 2, three dose groups (8, 32, and 48 mg) containing Hefei Tianmai insulin were evaluated consequently. The results showed that the oral insulin formulations with either source in the dose range 8 to 48 mg were safe, and no serious adverse events were observed. After a standard breakfast 45 minutes after dosing, the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t and AUC from time 0 to infinity for insulin in the 8‐mg and 48‐mg dose groups in stage 1 and for 8‐ to 48‐mg groups in stage 2 were slightly increased compared with placebo, but no significant dose‐related changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters were observed for either stage. The peak‐valley difference and the change in value of the AUC for glucose from baseline showed a dose‐related increase in the dose range from 8 to 48 mg in both stages. Together, this study indicated that in healthy Chinese subjects, this oral capsule containing 2 different insulin formulations was safe and well tolerated after a single‐dose administration.
Effect of Roxadustat on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Atorvastatin in Healthy Subjects: Results From 3 Phase 1, Open‐Label, 1‐Sequence, Crossover Studies
Authors: Groenendaal‐van de Meent Dorien , den Adel Martin , Kerbusch Virginie , van Dijk Jan , Shibata Tomohisa , Kato Kota , Schaddelee Marloes
Published: February 2022

Roxadustat inhibits breast cancer resistance protein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1, which can affect coadministered statin concentrations. Three open‐label, 1‐sequence crossover phase 1 studies in healthy subjects were conducted to assess effects from steady‐state 200‐mg roxadustat on pharmacokinetics and tolerability of 40‐mg simvastatin (CL‐0537 and CL‐0541), 40‐mg atorvastatin (CL‐0538), or 10‐mg rosuvastatin (CL‐0537). Statins were dosed concomitantly with roxadustat in 28 (CL‐0537) and 24 (CL‐0538) healthy subjects, resulting in increases of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from the time of dosing extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) 1.87‐ and 1.75‐fold for simvastatin, 2.76‐ and 1.85‐fold for simvastatin acid, 4.47‐ and 2.93‐fold for rosuvastatin, and 1.34‐ and 1.96‐fold for atorvastatin, respectively. Additionally, simvastatin dosed 2 hours before, and 4 and 10 hours after roxadustat in 28 (CL‐0541) healthy subjects, resulted in increases of Cmax and AUCinf 2.32‐ to 3.10‐fold and 1.56‐ to 1.74‐fold for simvastatin and 2.34‐ to 5.98‐fold and 1.89‐ to 3.42‐fold for simvastatin acid, respectively. These increases were not attenuated by time‐separated statin dosing. No clinically relevant differences were observed for terminal elimination half‐life. Concomitant 200‐mg roxadustat and a statin was generally well tolerated during the study period. Roxadustat effects on statin Cmax and AUCinf were statin and administration time dependent. When coadministered with roxadustat, statin‐associated adverse reactions and the need for statin dose reduction should be evaluated.
A Phase 1 Clinical Study Evaluating the Effects of Cenobamate on the QT Interval
Authors: Darpo Borje , Sager Philip T. , Xue Hongqi , Kamin Marc
Published: February 2022

Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication for uncontrolled focal seizures. This thorough QT study assessed the effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic cenobamate doses (maximum recommended dose, 400 mg/day) on correct QT interval (QTc) in healthy adults (N = 108) randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (A) cenobamate (days 1‐63) up‐titrated by 50‐mg increments weekly to a 200 mg/day therapeutic dose (day 35) and then by 100 mg weekly to a 500 mg/day supratherapeutic dose (day 63), with placebo‐moxifloxacin (days −1 and 64); (B) moxifloxacin 400 mg (day −1; positive control), placebo‐cenobamate (days 1‐63), and placebo‐moxifloxacin (day 64); and (C) placebo‐moxifloxacin (day −1), placebo‐cenobamate (days 1‐64), and moxifloxacin 400 mg (day 64). The primary end point was baseline‐adjusted, placebo‐corrected QTc (ΔΔQTcF; corrected for heart rate [HR] by Fridericia's method) with cenobamate 200 and 500 mg/day. Baseline electrocardiographic parameters were balanced across groups. Mean ΔΔQTcF was negative throughout for cenobamate doses (largest: day 35, −10.8 milliseconds; day 63, −18.4 milliseconds). Based on concentration‐QTc analysis, ∆∆QTcF effect was predicted as −9.85 and −17.14 milliseconds at mean peak plasma levels of therapeutic (200 mg/day; 23.06 μg/mL) and supratherapeutic (500 mg/day; 63.96 μg/mL) doses. Cenobamate had no clinically relevant prolonging effect on electrocardiographic parameters (eg, PR, QRS); HR effects were similar to placebo. Cenobamate showed slight dose‐related shortening of QTc, but to a degree not known to be clinically relevant (no reductions ≤340 milliseconds). Cenobamate had no clinically relevant effects on HR or electrocardiographic parameters and no QTc‐prolonging effect at therapeutic/supratherapeutic doses. Cenobamate is contraindicated in patients with short‐QT syndrome and caution should be used when coadministering with drugs that shorten QT interval.