bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of New Non-Antibiotic Doxycyclin Derivatives Against alpha-Synuclein Aggregation with Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Rose Clémence , Ferrié Laurent , Tomas-Grau Rodrigo Hernán , Zabala Brenda , Brunel Jean-Michel , Michel Patrick P. , Chehin Rosana , Raisman-Vozari Rita , Figadère Bruno
Published: April 2023

Doxycycline is a tetracycline commonly used for its antibiotic properties and capacity to treat acne- and rosacea-like skin lesions. It has also recently demonstrated interesting effects against Parkinson's disease pathomechanisms. Notably, doxycycline was reported to limit amyloid-type aggregation of α-synuclein and curtail neurodegeneration-related inflammatory processes. However, the potential therapeutic interest of doxycycline is limited due to its antibiotic activity. The design of novel doxycycline derivatives was undertaken to generate non-antimicrobial doxycycline derivatives with still neuroprotective properties. Specifically, the dimethyl-amino at C4 group was reduced to significantly diminish the antibiotic activity, and several coupling reactions were performed at position C9 of the D ring. Among 18 novel tetracyclines, seven derivatives with reduced antibiotic activity were more efficient than their parent compound in reducing α-synuclein aggregation. Among those, two derivatives exerted better anti-inflammatory effects than doxycycline, at concentrations that are not cytotoxic. Thus, compounds 1 and 6 seem to have a better neuroprotective potential than doxycycline, making them excellent candidates for further pre-clinical investigations.
A tutorial mini-review on nanoporous carbons from biosourced building blocks: ordered hierarchical nanoarchitectures through benign methodologies
Authors: Szabo Laszlo , Thielemans Wim , Seo Jin Won , Buysschaert Frank , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Vandeginste Veerle
Published: April 2023

Ordered hierarchically porous carbons exhibiting micro- and mesopores are state-of-the-art porous structures with extraordinary performance in a range of applications (e.g., electrochemistry, catalysis, water treatment). Nevertheless, they are mostly prepared using petroleum-based chemicals, through resource- and energy-intensive, environmentally unfriendly processes. In this tutorial mini-review, we highlight major limitations in the methodologies, and showcase important achievements towards developing more sustainable synthetic strategies. Compared to multi-step hard-templating/nano-casting procedures, soft-templating techniques can provide more efficient, benign, and direct ways to produce these nanostructures. The original soft-templating method, using Pluronic® surfactants as structure-directing agents and phenolic resins as carbon precursors, has been substantially modified over the years in light of sustainability issues. The formaldehyde crosslinker has been replaced with more benign, less toxic alternatives (e.g., glyoxal), and catalyst-free crosslinking approaches have been developed. Furthermore, the use of biobased building-blocks for the carbon precursor, such as lignin, plant-derived polyphenols (e.g., tannins), and various saccharides (e.g., D-glucose, D-fructose), has also been explored. Novel techniques, such as the coordination-induced self-assembly, mechanosynthesis, and modified hydrothermal treatment strategies are amongst the greenest processes developed so far. We give some critical comments on ongoing research in this field and point towards interesting research directions.
Cobalt bis(dicarbollide) is a DNA-neutral pharmacophore
Authors: Fink Krzysztof , Cebula Jakub , Tošner Zdeněk , Psurski Mateusz , Uchman Mariusz , Goszczyński Tomasz M.
Published: April 2023

Cobalt bis(dicarbollide) (COSAN) is a metallacarborane used as a versatile pharmacophore to prepare biologically active hybrid organic‒inorganic compounds or to improve the pharmacological properties of nucleosides, antisense oligonucleotides, and DNA intercalators. Despite these applications, COSAN interactions with nucleic acids remain unclear, limiting further advances in metallacarborane-based drug development. Although COSAN intercalates into DNA, COSAN-containing intercalators do not, and while COSAN shows low cytotoxicity, intercalators are often highly toxic. The present study aimed at comprehensively characterizing interactions between COSAN and DNA using a wide range of techniques, including UV‒Vis absorption, circular (CD) and linear (LD) dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and equilibrium dialysis measurements. Our results showed that COSAN has no effect on DNA structure, length, stability, or hybridization, with no or only faint signs of COSAN binding to DNA. Moreover, DNA is not necessary for COSAN to induce cytotoxicity at high concentrations, as shown by in vitro experiments. These findings demonstrate that COSAN is a DNA-neutral pharmacophore, thus confirming the general safety and biocompatibility of metallacarboranes and opening up new opportunities for further developing metallacarborane-based drugs.
Sequence Patterning, Topology, and Morphology in Single-chain Nanoparticles: Insights from Graph Theory and Machine Learning
Authors: Patel Roshan , Colmenares Sophia , Webb Michael
Published: April 2023

Single-chain nanoparticles are intriguing materials inspired by proteins that consist of a single precursor polymer chain that has collapsed into a stable structure. In many prospective applications, such as catalysis, the utility of a single-chain nanoparticle will intricately depend on the formation of a mostly specific structure or morphology. However, it is not generally well understood how to reliably control the morphology of single-chain nanoparticles. To address this knowledge gap, we simulate the formation of 7,680 distinct single-chain nanoparticles from precursor chains that span a wide range of, in principle, tunable patterning characteristics of cross-linking moieties. Using a combination of molecular simulation and machine learning analyses, we show how the overall fraction of functionalization and blockiness of cross-linking moieties biases the formation of certain local and global morphological characteristics. Importantly, using the total volume of simulation data, we illustrate and quantify the dispersity of morphologies that arise due to both the stochastic nature of collapse from a well-defined sequence as well as from the ensemble of sequences that correspond to a given specification of precursor parameters. Moreover, we also examine the efficacy of precise sequence control in achieving morphological outcomes in different regimes of precursor parameters. Overall, this work critically assesses how precursor chains might be feasibly tailored to achieve given SCNP morphologies and provides a platform to pursue future sequence-based design.
Noncommunicable diseases in the Americas: a review of the Pan American Health Organization’s 25-year program of work
Authors: Luciani Silvana , Nederveen Leendert , Martinez Ramon , Caixeta Roberta , Chavez Carolina , Sandoval Rosa C. , Severini Luciana , Cerón Diana , Gomes Adriana B. , Malik Sehr , Gomez Fabio , Ordunez Pedro , Maza Mauricio , Monteiro Maristela , Hennis Anselm
Published: April 2023

This article describes progress in tackling noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Americas since the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) started its NCD program 25 years ago. Changes in the epidemiology of NCDs, NCD policies, health service capacity, and surveillance are discussed. PAHO’s NCD program is guided by regional plans of action on specific NCDs and risk factors, as well as a comprehensive NCD plan. Its work involves implementing evidence-based World Health Organization technical packages on NCDs and their risk factors with the aim of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal target of a one third reduction in premature mortality caused by NCDs by 2030. Important advances have been made in the past 25 years in implementation of: policies on NCD risk factors; interventions to improve NCD diagnosis and treatment; and NCD surveillance. Premature mortality from NCDs decreased by 1.7% a year between 2000 and 2011 and 0.77% a year between 2011 and 2019. However, policies on risk factor prevention and health promotion need to be strengthened to ensure more countries are on track to achieving the NCD-related health goals of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Actions are recommended for governments to raise the priority of NCDs by: making NCDs a core pillar of primary care services, using revenues from health taxes to invest more in NCD prevention and control; and implementing policies, laws, and regulations to reduce the demand for and availability of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food products.
Research on the Teaching Reform of Radio-Frequency Identification Course Based on the Educational Philosophy of Outcome-Based Education
Authors: Cao Dewen
Published: April 2023

In order to improve the teaching effect and quality of the course Radio-Frequency Identification, we investigated the characteristics of the course and problems in its teaching practice. Based on the educational philosophy of outcome-based education (OBE), we carried out teaching reforms, which included the use of flipped classroom, the organic combination of theoretical and practical teaching, school-enterprise cooperation and collaborative education, as well as other measures. The results showed that the improved teaching method can effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning, enhance students’ learning initiative, improve students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems in the field of radio-frequency identification, cultivate the spirit of teamwork among students, and nurture their innovative practical ability.
Research on the Cultural Identity of International Students
Authors: Guo Jiao
Published: April 2023

With the deepening of educational internationalization in China, an increasing number of international students are choosing to pursue their studies in China. The training of international students should be based on the management mode of “convergence management.” Convergence management is a process involving multicultural exchange and interaction, and its essence lies in strengthening the cultural identity of international students. In this paper, the current status of international students’ cultural identity is summarized, and several coping strategies are explored, with the goal of fostering outstanding international students possessing sound professional knowledge, global perspective, and Chinese feelings.
Construction and Practice of Teaching Staff and Teaching Quality Monitoring System in University Affiliated Hospitals Under the Background of Education Informatization
Authors: Cai Yu , Wu Ge , Jia Yuanyuan , Wang Siqi , Tian Chang , Feng Yu
Published: April 2023

Objective: To build a set of teaching staff construction and teaching quality monitoring system suitable for clinical practice teaching in affiliated hospitals of medical colleges, achieve continuous improvement of clinical education and teaching level, and ensure the quality of medical education talent cultivation. Methods: A modern clinical practice teaching quality monitoring system is constructed based on organizational structure construction, teaching staff system construction, quality control system construction, and information platform construction, combined with external audit and evaluation. Results: The hospital has established a Faculty Development and Teaching Evaluation Office specifically responsible for the cultivation of clinical teachers and the evaluation and supervision of teaching quality. A relatively complete teacher construction and teaching quality monitoring system has also been established for clinical practice teaching, thus achieving integration with the school’s quality control system in terms of management mechanism. At the same time, a set of teaching quality control mode based on the “Internet +” platform has been created by means of informatization. At present, this mode has won three national computer software copyrights and two second prizes for school-level teaching achievements. Conclusion: Through five years of practice, an “Internet +” teaching quality evaluation and monitoring system with the characteristics of teaching hospitals affiliated to local medical colleges has been established. In order to further standardize the training system of clinical teachers in affiliated hospitals, achieve self-monitoring and self-improvement in terms of teaching quality, and ensure the continuous improvement of clinical teaching quality, we will continue to promote the development of clinical teachers with quality and excellence, enrich the main team of quality monitoring, guide the transformation of the education mode from being “centered on teachers” to being “centered on students,” and realize the integration of internal and external quality monitoring systems.
Safety and Quality Control Management Strategy for Urban Railway Engineering Construction
Authors: Yuan Tao
Published: April 2023

The safety management of urban railway engineering construction involves many different aspects and a wide scope, playing an important role in guaranteeing the safety of construction projects. Management agencies have more stringent requirements on the quality of railway construction. The overall quality of a construction project should meet the construction requirements before the project can be carried out. In this article, the problems in the actual work of the entire life cycle of safety management are explained, and the lessons and experience pertaining to the safety and quality of urban railway construction projects are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide references for the management of urban railway construction.
Vücûh ve Nezâir Literatürünün Doğuşu, Gelişimi Ve Sistemleşmesi: Hicri İlk Dört Asır
Authors: KURT İsmail
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışma vücûh nezâir literatürünün hicri ilk dört asırdaki doğuşu, gelişimi ve sistemleşmesini ele almaktadır. Vücûh nezâirin sahabe dönemindeki kökeni, h. II. asırdaki doğuşu, III. asırdaki gelişimi ve IV. asırdaki sistemleşmesi doğrudan bu alanda yazılmış ve günümüze ulaşmış teliflerin tamamı üzerinden incelenmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı ilk dört asırdan günümüze ulaşan vücûh nezâir teliflerinin tamamına bütüncül bir bakış sağlayarak literatürün doğuşu, gelişimi ve sistemleşmesini nedenleriyle birlikte ortaya koymaktır. Her ne kadar bu eserlerin bazısını tek tek ele alan çalışmalar yapılsa da bu araştırmada hem kronoloji gözetilerek hem de bu teliflerin tamamı incelenerek vücûh nezâir literatürüyle ilgili daha kapsamlı ve daha bütüncül bir sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman, literatür tarama ve analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Vücûh nezâir literatürü kronolojik olarak doğrudan müelliflerin asli kaynaklarına inilerek irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada ulaştığımız bulgu ve sonuçlar ise şunlardır: Sahabe nesli sonrası Kur’ân tefsirine ihtiyaçla birlikte hicri II. asrın başından itibaren bu literatür de oluşmaya başlamıştır. Günümüze ulaşan ilk telifin sahibi Mukâtil vücûh ve nezâir literatürünün sonraki asırlardaki gelişimini de belirlemiştir. H. II. asırdaki teliflerde kelime sıralamasında -ilk 60 kelimede- büyük oranda ilk on cüzdeki mushaf tertibi gözetilmiştir. H. III. asırdaki Asmaî, el-Yezîdî ve Ebu’l-Ameysel’in telifleri doğrudan Arap dilindeki vücûhları ele almaktadır. Bu asrın sonundaki teliflerde ise Hakîm et-Tirmizî işârî yorumlara, Müberred ise Arap kelamı ve şiirle istişhâda meyletmiştir. Bu literatürün sistemleşmesi, alfabetik tasnifin başlaması ise h. IV. asrın sonunda el-Askerî ile olmuştur. Vücûh ve nezâir terimlerine yüklenen anlamda ilk dört asırda herhangi bir değişiklik olmamıştır.
ÇOCUK EDEBİYATINDA ANLATICININ “SEN/SİZ” DİLİ VE CİNSİYETİ: MACERANI KENDİN SEÇ
Authors: DEMİRYÜREK Meral
Published: April 2023

Kurgusal metinlerde kişi, zaman ve mekânla birlikte anlatıcıya ihtiyaç vardır. Bir olay, olay örgüsüne dönüşürken olayı kimin, “hangi noktada durarak” anlattığı sorusu metnin anlatıcısıyla birlikte bakış açısını belirler. Her anlatımın içerdiği anlatıcı ya da anlatıcılar toplamı ile bunlara ait bakış açıları farklı olabilir. Dile ait gramer kuralları söz konusu ayrıntıları şekillendirir. Eserini ortaya çıkarırken onun dış özellikleri kadar katmanlar hâlindeki alt metnini de önemseyen yazar, anlatıcı modelini de uygun biçimde seçmek zorundadır. Ayrıca anlatıcıya sözü teslim edeceği için çoğu yerde onu ayrı ve müstakil bir şahıs olarak da düşünmelidir. Anlatıcının önemi beraberinde anlatıcı türlerini doğurur. Geleneksel metinlerden modern ve postmodern metinlere doğru gidildikçe üçüncü ve birinci kişili anlatıcı modellerinin imkânları gittikçe zorlanır ve yetmemeye başlar. Bu bağlamda yenilikçi kurguya bağlı olarak ikinci kişili anlatıcı modelinden söz etme ve kullanma sıklığı artar. 1950’li yıllarda “Yeni Roman” anlayışı ve Michel Butor’un Değişme (La Modification) adlı romanından itibaren ikinci kişili anlatıcı ve bakış açısıyla yazılmış kurguya dayalı metinler ile bu anlatıcı türüne dair akademik-bilimsel çalışmalar önem kazanır. Yüzyıllardır “o” ve “ben” zamirleriyle sınıflandırılan anlatıcılara interaktif bir yapıya sahip “sen/siz” katılır. Kurguda okura sürekli “sen/siz” diye seslenen bir anlatıcının varlığı beraberinde cinsiyete dayalı ayrıntıları doğurur. Seslenilen kişi ile okurun eril veya dişil hâlinin örtüşmesi özdeşleşmeyi kolaylaştırırken zıddı okuru, kısmen de olsa, olay örgüsünün dışında bırakan bir etki yaratır. Bu makalede “Choose Your Own Adventure” (Maceranı Kendin Seç) serisinden Türkçeye çevrilen altı kitaptan örneklerle çocuk edebiyatında ikinci kişili anlatıcının farklı bir uygulaması dikkatlere sunulacaktır. İlaveten söz konusu serinin ikinci kişi üzerinden şekillenen cinsiyetçi yaklaşımı değerlendirilecektir.
Study on the Test Error of Silt Dynamic Characteristic and Its Influence on the Peak Ground Acceleration
Authors: Li Bo , Li Xiaofei
Published: April 2023

In order to grasp the nonlinear experimental errors of dynamic shear modulus ratio (DSMR) and damping ratio (DR), as well as the current level of resonant column testing, the GZ-1 resonant column instrument was used to study the probability statistical indicators, basic laws, and the impact of experimental errors on peak acceleration of DSMR and DR of silt under 8 typical shear strains. The results show that, firstly, the DSMR and DR of silt under different shear strains obey normal distributions. Secondly, there is no significant difference between the reference range of the standard deviation of the DSMR and DR of silt and the outer envelope line. This result indicates that the dispersion of experimental errors for the same person is very small. Thirdly, in medium to hard sites, the influence of experimental errors in DSMR and DR on peak acceleration can be ignored. And the impact of DR test errors on peak acceleration should not be ignored on soft ground with a probability range exceeding 95%. Overall, the testing accuracy of the testing personnel proved to generally meet the requirements, while in other special cases, it is necessary to increase the number of parallel tests and improve the testing technology. Otherwise, it will cause certain risks to the estimation of seismic input for engineering structures. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-01-05 Full Text: PDF
El baile de “Las marotas”: la fiesta patronal en Amecameca, Estado de México, como espacio de inserción de mujeres trans
Authors: Arroyo Solano María Teresa
Published: April 2023

Este artículo pretende explorar, a partir de dos vías, un poco de la dinámica del baile de “Las marotas” de las comunidades de Santa Isabel Chalma y Santiago Cuauhtenco (en el Estado de México). Primero, se describe el baile en el que ocurre un travestismo permitido; y segundo, se muestra la participación de mujeres trans en dicho baile y la violencia que conlleva (por medio de agresiones físicas, verbales, sexuales). Usamos la observación participante directa en la comunidad durante las fiestas de los años 2010 al 2012, así como una entrevista que nos permitió describir e interpretar lo obtenido.
On a large scale. The obsession for collecting human giants
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Luis Ángel
Published: April 2023

Between 1750 and 1930 certain doctors, anatomists and anthropologists strived to enrich their collections with the skeleton of a giant human. These skeletal remains are authentic bones of human beings that grew to reach an enormous height, not the false remains of mythical humans. For decades, no one offers a rational explanation for such a huge growth, although hypotheses were raised at the end of the 19th century that end up being endorsed somewhat later. The article reviews the circumstances associated with this collecting and mentions the cases of giant human skeletons that are preserved (or have been until recently preserved) in anatomical and anthropological museums in Europe, the United States and Canada. Entre mediados del siglo XVIII y la década de 1920 ciertos médicos, anatomistas y antropólogos se afanan por enriquecer sus colecciones con el esqueleto de un humano gigante. Son los huesos auténticos de seres humanos que crecieron hasta alcanzar una altura desaforada, no los presuntos (y falsos) restos de personajes anclados en la leyenda. Durante décadas, nadie ofrece una explicación racional de tan enorme crecimiento, aunque ya a finales del XIX se plantea alguna hipótesis que acabará siendo refrendada algo después. El artículo revisa las circunstancias asociadas a este coleccionismo y comenta los casos conocidos de esqueletos de gigantes humanos que se conservan (o se han conservado hasta hace pocos años) en museos anatómicos y antropológicos de Europa, Estados Unidos y Canadá
The feather pictures from Eger at the National Museum of Natural Sciences in Madrid: ornithology and fantasy
Authors: Ramos-Lugo Óscar , Plaza Beltrán Marta , Rivas López Jorge
Published: April 2023

The National Museum of Natural Sciences - Higher Council for Scientific Research (MNCN-CSIC) guards an original collection of plates made in a format close to naturalistic and scientific illustration, with ornithological depictions, sometimes not without fantasy. Made on laid paper, they present the particularity of having been produced with a mixed technique that combines ink drawing and the inclusion of real feathers attached to the paper. These unique mosaics reflect both folklore, crafts and artistic trends, as well as the spirit of curiosity for nature and knowledge in the Enlightenment. Produced in all probability, between the 18th and 19th centuries, in ancient Cheb (Eger in German), they represent ornithological species, as well as inspirations product of the imagination and artistic licenses of their creators, oriented to the needs of the market and provided with an orientalist aesthetic in fashion in Europe at the time. This article focuses on presenting the collection and its theme, as well as clarifying the origin and particular technique of execution of a style of current discreet diffusion that was, evertheless, highly demanded and commercially distributed internationally although obtained, basically, as a travel souvenir. El Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MNCN-CSIC) custodia una colección original de láminas realizadas en un formato próximo a la ilustración naturalista y científica, de temática ornitológica no exenta, en ocasiones, de fantasía. Elaboradas sobre papel verjurado, presentan la particularidad de haber sido producidas con una técnica mixta que aúna el dibujo a la tinta y la inclusión de plumas reales adheridas al papel. Estos singulares mosaicos, reflejan tanto el folclore, la artesanía y las tendencias artísticas, como el espíritu de la curiosidad por la naturaleza y el conocimiento en la Ilustración. Producidos con toda probabilidad, entre los siglos XVIII y XIX, en la antigua Cheb (Eger en alemán), representan especies ornitológicas, así como inspiraciones producto de la imaginación y las licencias artísticas de sus creadores, orientadas a las necesidades del mercado y dotadas de una estética orientalista de moda en la Europa del momento. Este artículo se centra en presentar la colección y su temática, así como la aclaración sobre el origen y la particular técnica de ejecución de un estilo de sobria difusión actual que fue, sin embargo, muy demandado y distribuido comercialmente a nivel internacional aunque obtenido, fundamentalmente, en calidad de recuerdo de viaje.
The Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales’s Mineral Collection and the National Mining Exhibition of 1883
Authors: Osuna Arias Mª Cruz , Onrubia Chinarro Marta , Martín Albaladejo Carolina
Published: April 2023

The Minerals Collection of the National Museum of Natural Sciences (Madrid, Spain) has its origins in the Royal Cabinet of Natural History, created from Pedro Franco Dávila’s own collection. Since its foundation, many geologists have worked in the institution, contributing to the progress of Geology among other related disciplines and the conformation and study of the Museum’s collections. In this article, we present a brief historical overview through the collection’s origins and the impact of the National Mining Exhibition of 1883, which awarded the Museum with several prizes in different categories. It is precisely with the study of one of these awards, recently incorporated in the MNCN’s Fine Arts Collection (Medalla de Oro al Mérito, MNCN-BA0001), from which the story of the Museum’s participation in the exhibit has been written. La colección de Minerales del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales tiene su origen en el Real Gabinete de Historia Natural, a su vez creado a partir de la colección de Pedro Franco Dávila. Desde su fundación muchos han sido los geólogos que han desarrollado su actividad investigadora en la institución, contribuyendo todos ellos al avance de la geología, otras disciplinas relacionadas y, por supuesto, a la conformación y estudio de las colecciones del Museo. En el presente trabajo se expone un breve recorrido histórico por los orígenes de la colección y el impacto que supuso la celebración de la Exposición Nacional de Minería de 1883 que distinguió al Museo de Ciencias Naturales con varios premios en distintas categorías; es precisamente a partir de uno de estos premios, catalogado recientemente en la Colección de Bellas Artes del MNCN, la Medalla de Oro al Mérito (MNCN-BA001), a partir del cual se ha construido el relato sobre la participación del Museo en el evento
Contribution of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography to the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM): 1919-2019
Authors: Pérez-Rubín Feigl Juan , Álvarez Prado Federico
Published: April 2023

We describe and quantify the main Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) inputs to the CIESM throughout its first century, during which the member countries have increased from 7 founders (year 1919) to 24 currently. We delve into national background that led to the confluence of various fishing, oceanographic and meteorological initiatives. Along the century of CIESM life, the IEO was always the Spanish representative. Both, the foundation and the 50th anniversary Congress took place in Madrid in 1919 and 1969 respectively. Also, several Congresses were carried out in Spain, such as in Madrid (1924), Malaga (1929), Palma de Mallorca (1986) and Barcelona (2004). The first created CIESM committees were on oceanography (physics and chemistry), meteorology and general and applied biology (fisheries), and were attended by IEO experts: Odón de Buen and his sons Fernando and Rafael, Jaime Ferrer, Antonio Ipiens and José Giral. Overall, 196 authors including 81 women (41.3 %) attended the 26 Congresses and 274 scientific communications were presented in the period 1960-2019, most of them to different committees in the last ten Congresses (1992-2019) Describimos y cuantificamos las principales aportaciones del Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) en el primer siglo de historia de esa fructífera Comisión, con su sede en Mónaco, durante el cual el número de estados miembros ha ido aumentado desde 7 hasta los actuales 24. Profundizamos en los antecedentes nacionales que llevaron a la confluencia de las variadas iniciativas pesqueras, oceanográficas y meteorológicas. En los 100 años de vida de esa Comisión la representación de España recae en el IEO. En Madrid se celebraron la reunión fundacional (1919) y la del 50 aniversario (1969). Esa ciudad y otras tres fueron acogiendo más congresos en nuestro país: Madrid (1924), Málaga (1929), Palma de Mallorca (1986) y Barcelona (2004). Los primeros cinco comités creados en la CIESM fueron para oceanografía, meteorología, biología general y biología aplicada (pesquerías); que contaron con la participación de los pioneros expertos españoles: Odón de Buen y sus hijos Fernando y Rafael, Jaime Ferrer, Antonio Ipiens y José Giral. En los 26 congresos del período 1960-2019 los 196 autores del IEO incluyeron a 81 mujeres (el 41,3 % del total). En conjunto, presentaron 274 comunicaciones científicas sobre muy diferentes especialidades, la mayoría concentradas en distintos comités de los diez últimos congresos (1992-2019).
Why Market-Based Approaches to Climate Change Won't Save the Planet
Authors: Kim Tina
Published: April 2023

Market-based approaches to climate change incentivize firms to change their environmentally destructive practices. Examples include the carbon tax and the cap-and- tradeprogram. It is assumed they are the most efficient and effective way to combat climate change. Therefore, market-oriented responses to climate change have already been implemented globally and are celebrated within the western political discourse. However, the effectiveness of market-based solutions has been over-emphasized to fit the interests of corporations, leading to major problems. Therefore, market-based approaches are not just nor effective: they are within the capitalist hegemony which perpetuates the climate crisis. To resist the capitalist hegemony, selective degrowth is necessary: structurally and fundamentally changing our relationship with nature and each other for the better. I argue that implementing degrowth is an approach that truly responds to the climate crisis in a just and decolonial way.
Post-Racial Myth in Canadian and American societies
Authors: Oglinzanu Alex
Published: April 2023

In 2008, University of Chicago professor Michael Dawson brought attention to a growing belief within American civil society that he aptly labeled the ‘post-racial myth’. This myth, fueled by President Obama’s election win in 2008, asserts that society has moved beyond race and racism, and that we now live in a world where everyone is treated equally regardless of their race. This paper explores the fallacy of this argument and demonstrates that despite the commonly held belief of many Canadians and Americans that society has entered a post-racial era, systemic racism continues to pervade many aspects of life. By using a combination of work from scholars and activists along with real world data and testimonies, I argue that the continued prevalence of this myth only serves to further racial discrimination and increase harmful divisions within Canada and the US. At the same time, it poses significant barriers to achieving tangible racial equity.
Environmental Justice in the Urban Landscape
Authors: Egert Ethan
Published: April 2023

Environmental justice is a crucial subfield within environmental politics. Environmental justice studies have often been focussed on sites of natural disasters; however, more recently the scope of environmental justice study has been expanded to include environmental justice in urban locations. First, this paper contains a literature review of prominent scholarly articles within the field of environmental justice, including historical examples of environmentally unjust policies, and the factors influencing environmental injustice. Next, this paper examines case studies of environmental hazards within North America. Finally, this paper makes policy recommendations to mitigate environmental injustice through a Canadian federal context such as mandating the creation of environmental justice assessments, in the Canadian provincial context, by encouraging the creation of an environmental justice framework, as well as through a municipal context, by encouraging the creation of an environmental justice assessment to create equity within city planning.
Wrong Question: Can Islam and Democracy Coexist?
Authors: Elsalhy Jana
Published: April 2023

Debates about whether Islam and democracy are compatible have been dominated by the most polarizing Orientalist and Islamist opinions. This paper discusses why the question of their compatibility is the wrong question to ask; the assertion that Islam and democracy are intrinsically oppositional prioritizes the most fundamentalist and essentialized understandings of Islam and democracy. Instead, a more appropriate discussion surrounds the conditions under which Muslim-majority nations can and do employ certain democratic practices given that neither understanding of Islam or democracy are monolithic. There are Islam(s) and democrac(ies) as there are multiple contextual practices and comprehensions of Islam and democracy.
The Dawning of a New Enterprise: RNA Therapeutics for the Skin
Authors: E. Kieser Rachel , Khan Shaheerah , Bejar Nada , L. Kiss Daniel
Published: April 2023

Despite being under development for decades, RNA therapeutics have only recently emerged as viable drug platforms. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated the promise and power of the platform technology. In response, novel RNA drugs are entering clinical trials at an accelerating rate. As the skin is the largest and most accessible organ, it has always been a preferred target for drug discovery. This holds true for RNA therapies as well, and multiple candidate RNA-based drugs are currently in development for an array of skin conditions. In this mini review, we catalog the RNA therapies currently in clinical trials for different dermatological diseases. We summarize the main types of RNA-related drugs and use examples of drugs currently in development to illustrate their key mechanism of action.
Expanding human-based predictive models capabilities using organs-on-chip: A standardized framework to transfer and co-culture human iPSCs into microfluidic devices
Authors: Jessica Rontard , Benoît GC Maisonneuve , Thibault Honegger
Published: April 2023

There is an urgent need for predictive preclinical models to enhance the success rate of clinical trial outcomes. One of the main reasons for drug attrition is the lack of translational models, methods using human cells are particularly in the spotlight of regulatory bodies as they offer an alternative to in vivo studies and have the potential to improve the translational of preclinical trials. Organs-on-Chips (OoCs) are sensible candidates to reduce the cost and the ethical burden of animal models while accelerating and de-risking drug development. The innovation of such systems is based on both the increased relevance of the cells used and the ability to build precise, yet physiologically relevant, complex architectures. The use of microfluidic technologies with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) opens new routes to create relevant in vitro approaches as they will soon be able to reproduce clinical characteristics of donors or specific populations. The adoption of OoC models by pharmaceutical industries, and in fine by regulatory agencies, still requires: (i) establishing standardized, reproducible, robust, and replicable cell culture protocols with specific validation and characterization criteria, (ii) evidence that the technology predicts human responses, thus allowing to contribute efficiently and reliably to clinical trials success of novel therapeutics, and (iii) evidence that the models refine and reduce animal testing without compromising with the quality and the pertinence of the data generated.
Comparative characterization between autologous serum and platelet lysate under different temperatures and storage times
Authors: Camilo Osorio Florez , Luís Ernesto Campos Torres , Jéssica Guerra de Oliveira , Henrique Carneiro Lobato , Leandro Abreu da Fonseca , Andrés Ortega Orozco , Fabíola de Oliveira Paes Leme , Priscila Fantini , Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão
Published: April 2023

Therapies using autologous serum and platelet lysate have shown promise among blood and biological products in the treatment of various diseases. The autologous serum has been shown to be a superior alternative to traditional eye drops in treating eye diseases in ophthalmology. Figurelet lysate (PL) has recently been considered a more interesting alternative for the treatment of multiple tissues, as it does not have the unfavorable reactions seen with traditional platelet-rich plasma (PRP), making it a valuable blood derivative for use in ocular therapy. There is no definitive comparison in veterinary medicine between PL and autologous serum in terms of the content of Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-1), which is known to have chemotactic, mitogenic, matrix formation, and angiogenesis effects on tissues, and beneficial proteins in ocular tissue. This study aimed to estimate the concentrations of TGF-1, total protein, and albumin, as well as autologous serum and platelet lysate, in horses over an 8-day storage period at temperatures of 4 °C and 37 °C. To produce autologous serum, 63 ml of blood was collected from each animal in seven 9 ml tubes without anticoagulant. For platelet lysate, 180 ml of blood was collected in 50 tubes of 3.6 ml with 3.2% sodium citrate. The most significant findings were the positive relationship between the baseline platelet count in the blood and the final platelet concentration in PRP. Specifically, we found a correlation (R = 0.9) with a p - value of 0.005 between the average baseline platelet level of seven animals and their corresponding PRP results, both on an individual level and as a group. Additionally, there was a correlation between growth factor concentration and PRP platelets, with the highest growth factor concentration in PL. The temperature storage group exhibited higher concentrations of total protein and serum albumin, as well as the maximum amount of growth factor for both products at a temperature of 37 °C.
teologia inovadora de Ivone Gebara
Authors: Sousa José Abel de , Gross Beatriz , Maria Elaine de Azevedo
Published: April 2023

Em mais uma tentativa de superar o preconceito machista da cultura de gênero contemporânea, bem arraigado ainda na produção textual teológica, este artigo traz um breve panorama da abordagem ecofeminista proposta pela teóloga Ivone Gebara, apoiado em pesquisa bibliográfica de textos produzidos por mulheres. Reflete sobre uma face pouco inclusiva da teologia oficial, em que a participação das mulheres no campo da divulgação científica do saber teológico sempre foi pouco valorizada. Atesta a teologia feita por mulheres em uma perspectiva inclusiva, sensível a outras formas de desigualdade e não apenas às de gênero, revelando como o trabalho teológico da autora se faz de forma encarnada e inculturada – com o conjunto do ambiente e toda a criação –, uma forma diferente e alternativa de fazer teologia. Revisando a epistemologia com novas perspectivas, Ivone Gebara evidencia o conhecimento gerado por mulheres na teologia do corpo e uma nova abordagem da Trindade, aproximando-a da experiência da multiplicidade humana, em uma perspectiva ecofeminista. Este breve panorama da teologia de Gebara mostra possibilidades a autoras e autores contemporâneos de transformar a herança hierárquica patriarcal em novos caminhos para a relação com Deus, pautados pela pluralidade, liberdade, criatividade e equidade.

Palavras-chave: Teologia feminista; Ecofeminismo; Teologia do corpo; Clericalismo; Patriarcado.

Abstract: In one more attempt to overcome sexist prejudice towards contemporary gender culture, still deeply rooted in theological textual production, this article presents a brief overview of the ecofeminist approach proposed by the theologian Ivone Gebara, based on bibliographic research of texts written by women. It questions a non-inclusive aspect of official theology, in which women’s participation in the field of scientific dissemination of theological knowledge has always been undervalued. It states the value of the theology produced by women in an inclusive perspective, open to other kinds of inequality and not only to those related to genre issues, demonstrating that the author’s theological work is developed in an incarnated and enculturated manner – encompassing the environment and the whole creation –, a distinct and alternative approach to the production of theology. The author’s new perspective to epistemology revision highlights the knowledge produced by women within the Theology of the Body and a new approach to Trinity studies, bringing it closer to the human multiplicity experience, in an ecofeminist perspective. This brief panorama of Gebara’s theology indicates possibilities to contemporary authors, both women and men, of transforming patriarchal hierarchical inheritance into new paths to the relationship with God, guided by the idea of plurality, freedom, creativity and equity.

Keywords: Feminist theology; Ecofeminism; Theology of the Body; Clericalism; Patriarchy.
Da Igreja “communio” à Igreja “povo de Deus”
Authors: Almeida Antonio José de
Published: April 2023

A prática da sinodalidade atravessa a história da Igreja – com maior ou menor extensão e intensidade –, tendo como objeto questões doutrinais, disciplinares ou pastorais inerentes à sua vida e missão, em contextos sociais, políticos e culturais, com o objetivo de analisar, discernir e decidir, à luz do Evangelho, no Espírito Santo, a melhor atitude a tomar consensualmente. O propósito do presente artigo, ao traçar um amplo panorama do exercício da sinodalidade, e centrando-se na modernidade, na América Latina e no Brasil, é o de focar na presença e atuação dos leigos e leigas. Através de pesquisa em fontes documentais e diálogo com estudiosos do assunto, o autor confirma, em boa parte dos eventos sinodais e em expressões coletivas de menor porte, a presença ativa de leigos e leigas e, especificando sua atuação, traça um gráfico, cujas modulações se dão em função seja de circunstâncias históricas seja do acento eclesiológico prevalente numa determinada época.

Palavras-chave: Igreja católica; Sinodalidade; Assembleias sinodais; Leigos/as; Hierarquia.

Abstract: The practice of synodality crosses the history of the Church – with greater or lesser extension and intensity – having as its object doctrinal, disciplinary or pastoral issues inherent to its life and mission, in social, political and cultural contexts. Its intention is to analyse, discern and decide, in the light of the Gospel, in the Holy Ghost, the best action to be taken consensually. The objective of the present article, when it draws a broad panorama of the exercise of synodality in Latin America and in Brazil, is to focus on the presence and behaviour of laymen and laywomen. Through research of documental sources and a dialogue with experts on the subject, the author confirms that, in a large part of the synodic events and in smaller collective expressions, there is the active presence of laymen and laywomen. Specifying their performance the work draws a graph the modulations of which are the result either of historical circumstances or of the ecclesiological emphasis prevalent in a given period.

Keywords: Chatholic Church; Synodality; Synodal assemblies; Lay people; Hierarchy.
Global surgical collaboration to treat bladder exstrophy-epispadias in India led to a larger geographical catchment area
Authors: Spencer Katelyn , Joshi Rakesh , Ramji Jaishri , Eftekharzadeh Sahar , Reddy Pramod , Canning Douglas , Pippi-Salle Joao , Merguerian Paul , Kundu Anjana , Frazier Jennifer , Weiss Dana , Shukla Aseem
Published: April 2023

Background

A gap of care exists in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for patients with complex urogenital abnormalities, such as bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). A successful primary surgical repair is critical for optimal long-term outcomes for BEEC, but the availability of such a complex procedure is limited by the expertise needed to deliver a successful initial repair. We hypothesize that a long-term, multi-institutional collaboration based at a tertiary institution in a LMIC may improve outcomes for BEEC by encouraging earlier referrals for the first repair, rather than after failed repairs, and also increase the geographical catchment area by encouraging more distant referrals, once the availability of care becomes widely known.

Methods

A long-term collaboration between two US academic research centers and the Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India was formed in 2009. This collaboration expanded later to include another US and one Middle Eastern hospital system. The entire post-operative cohort of the collaboration was recalled in 2019 and 2020, when epidemiology and demographic surveys were obtained from 82 patients.

Results

Since 2009, the collaboration has grown overall. The geographical catchment area for referrals and distance traveled by patients to reach the collaboration site has increased to include nine states in India and surrounding countries in Southeast Asia (P = 0.044). Patients traveling from farther distances tended to be of higher socioeconomic status than local referrals (P = 0.041).

Conclusions

The success of the International Bladder Exstrophy Consortium to improve the care for BEEC patients in India and Southeast Asia is visible from its changing demographics. Patients, some even from families of a higher socioeconomic status, are traveling farther to receive care at a government-funded tertiary hospital. While not all positive benefits of a global surgery collaboration regarding earlier and primary referrals have been achieved, the collaboration is seeing benefits that align with a staged process of referrals. The continued commitment to creating a center of excellence is a model for sustained success for global surgery collaborations.
Industrial deinking paper sludge waste: toxicity risk and health effects assessment of heavy metals by USEtox model
Authors: Khouloud Abida  , Khaoula Boudabbous  , Layla Ben Ayed  , Mariem Barbouchi  , Sabiha Bachwell  , Naima Kolsi Benzina
Published: April 2023

Disposal of waste sludges produced in large amounts in the paper industry could generate significant environmental and health issues. One strategy to address them involves revalorization of deinking paper sludge (DPS) by reusing it as fertilizer. However, the possible human health risks associated with the use of DPS are still not well explored. The main objective of this report was to estimate DPS impacts on human toxicity. To achieve this goal, heavy metals analysis of the DPS waste (Cadmium; Cd, Copper; Cu; Molybdenum; Mo, Manganese; Mn; Lead; Pb; Cobalt; Co) was conducted. The assessment of human toxicity was performed by applying the UNEP/SETAC toxicity model USEtox 2.0 to establish indicators that reflect the potential health damage of these chemicals when released into the environment. Laboratory analysis, revealed a very low concentration of the DPS by the metallic contaminants (Cd, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, Co). According to the USEtox model results, these quantities will not lead to either carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks on human health even if there is a use of very high quantities of DPS. Indeed, the number of cases /t DPS emitted in agricultural soils didn’t exceed 950.10-7 for the non-carcinogenic effect and 3.71.10-7 for the carcinogenic effect for Pb. For Mn and Co, we noticed no toxic effects (0 cases /t DPS emitted). Furthermore, we observed that Mo and Cu had very weak non-carcinogenic effects and led respectively to 445.10-7 and 56.10-7 cases /t DPS emitted. Regarding the effect of Cd toxicity, in order to have one case of this metal toxicity from DPS waste in our study, we had to use a very important quantity of DPS (≈ 2 821 680t). All these data emphasized on the absence of heath human toxicity risk after DPS waste industrial disposal, by ingestion or inhalation.