bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chirurgie orthognathique : les cas défavorables
Authors: Bouletreau Pierre
Published: April 2016

Le bon déroulement d’un protocole orthodontico-chirurgical nécessite un investissement
sans faille de la part de ses différents acteurs, thérapeutes et patient. Lorsque le
résultat obtenu n’est pas à la hauteur des espérances de changements esthétiques et/ou
fonctionnels attendus, ce résultat peut être vécu comme un échec par le patient, les
praticiens, voire les deux parties. Deux situations potentielles d’échec sont ici
analysées : les cas défavorables et les difficultés psychologiques à accepter son nouveau
visage.
De la succion-déglutition à la déglutition du sujet denté
Authors: Fellus Patrick
Published: April 2016

L’absence de prise en charge des problèmes fonctionnels peut entraîner des échecs dans la
conduite des traitements orthodontiques et dans leurs stabilités. Mais, même lorsque les
dysfonctions ont été diagnostiquées par le praticien, il sera l’otage de la qualité de la
rééducation. D’une manière conventionnelle, les rééducations font appel à une
participation intense des patients stimulant d’une manière corticale leurs circuits
neuronaux. Éric Kandel, Prix Nobel de Médecine en 2000, a montré que cette approche
stimulait la transmission des informations par une augmentation de l’activité des
neurotransmetteurs. Il a démontré de même que, lorsque la rééducation fait appel à la voie
sous-corticale, il n’y a plus augmentation de la neurotransmission mais établissement de
nouveaux circuits par la création de nouvelles synapses. Il est possible aujourd’hui de
rééduquer la déglutition et la respiration par voie sous-corticale.
La dimension transversale, un facteur trop souvent négligé
Authors: Guezenec Patrick
Published: April 2016

Le déficit de la dimension transversale est la plupart du temps la conséquence de bien
des troubles fonctionnels : la mauvaise posture de la langue au repos et en fonction, la
succion du pouce entraînent des déficiences d’abord alvéolaires, lesquelles en se
pérennisant deviennent souvent squelettiques. L’association de l’éducation fonctionnelle
et du traitement de la dimension transversale est la meilleure façon d’éviter bien des
récidives. Il convient de s’en préoccuper, du diagnostic à la contention de nos cas, sans
quoi l’échec nous guette.
Existe-t-il une interférence entre le système manducateur et le
système postural ?
Authors: Marignan Michel
Published: April 2016

La posturologie est une compétence en physiologie théorique et clinique particulière
applicable à de nombreux domaines de la médecine et de ses disciplines annexes, dont
l’objet est l’étude de la station debout et ses dysfonctionnements. Elle propose une
panoplie multiprofessionnelle de moyens tant diagnostiques que thérapeutiques puissants
basés sur la neurophysiologie du positionnement et du mouvement humain dans la prise en
charge de nombreuses pathologies. C’est une approche médicale fonctionnelle. En tant que
médecin posturologue, si nous remarquons fréquemment une perturbation de la station debout
par une ou des dysfonctions manducatrices, il semble inversement indispensable de rappeler
pourquoi et comment un syndrome postural peut constituer une source d’échec thérapeutique
en orthopédie dento-faciale. Il nous appartient donc de proposer, sur la base des
connaissances actuelles, un schéma de prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique,
permettant d’éviter un échec en orthopédie dento-faciale au sens de la « non obtention du
résultat escompté ».
Échec dans la réhabilitation antérieure en cas d’agénésies des
incisives latérales maxillaires
Authors: Le Gall Michel , Philippart-Rochaix Martine , Philip-Alliez Camille
Published: April 2016

L’agénésie des incisives latérales maxillaires pose des problèmes particuliers pour les
dentistes, les orthodontistes et les patients. Le traitement de ces agénésies fait encore
l’objet de nombreuses polémiques, tant sur le plan fonctionnel qu’esthétique. Sourire et
guidance antérieure du patient sont affectés. Ils doivent être rétablis. Le diagnostic est
facile et ne prête pas à confusion. La décision thérapeutique, quant à elle, est beaucoup
plus complexe. Même si cette décision ne repose que sur deux solutions parfaitement
distinctes : la fermeture de l’espace laissé par l’agénésie ou l’ouverture de cet espace
et le remplacement prothétique de la dent manquante. Ce choix se fera grâce à de multiples
facteurs...à l’origine des nombreuses erreurs d’appréciation. En effet, la recherche du
résultat optimal ne pourra se faire que s’il y a une excellente coordination entre
différents intervenants de plusieurs spécialités. Chaque clinicien aura un rôle spécifique
à jouer. Aussi, le patient et sa famille se trouvent au cœur de la décision, tant dans
leur consentement (durée du traitement, possibilités financières) que dans leur
motivation. C’est cette décision multifactorielle, pluridisciplinaire qui fait que le
traitement de l’agénésie de l’incisive latérale est un défi permanent pour le clinicien à
la recherche du meilleur résultat possible. Chaque cas est différent. Établir des règles
est impossible. Aucun facteur ne peut être négligé pour éviter « l’erreur ».
The Ever-Evolving State of the Art: A Look Back at the AONA Facial Reconstruction and Transplantation Meetings
Authors: Diaz-Siso J.Rodrigo , Plana Natalie M. , Manson Paul N. , Rodriguez Eduardo D.
Published: April 2016

Historically, periodic academic meetings held by surgical societies have set the stage for discussion and exchange of ideas, which in turn have led to advancement of clinical practices. Since 2007, the AONA State of the Art: Facial Reconstruction and Transplantation Meeting (FRTM) has been organized to provide a forum for specialists around the world to engage in open conversation about the approaches currently at the forefront of facial reconstruction. Review of registration data of FRTM iterations from 2007 to 2015 was performed. The total number of participants, along with their level of medical training, location of practice, and medical specialty, was recorded. Additionally, academic programs and 2015 participant feedback were evaluated. From 2007 to 2011, there was a decrease in the overall number of participants, with a slight increase in the number of clinical specialties present. In 2013, a sharp increase in total participants, international attendance, and represented clinical specialties was observed. This trend continued in 2015. Adjustments to academic programs have included reorganization of lectures and optimization of content. FRTM is a unique forum for multidisciplinary professionals to discuss the evolving field of facial reconstruction and join forces to accelerate progress and improve patient care.
Heat and mass transfer over slippery, superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Haase A. Sander , Lammertink Rob G. H.
Published: April 2016

The classical Graetz-Nusselt problem is extended to describe heat and mass transfer over heterogeneously slippery, superhydrophobic surfaces. The cylindrical wall consists of segments with a constant temperature/concentration and areas that are insulating/impermeable. Only in the case of mass transport do the locations of hydrodynamic slip and mass exchange coincide. This makes advection near the mass exchanging wall segments larger than near the heat exchanging regions. Also the direction of radial fluid flow is reversed for heat and mass transport, which has an influence on the location where the concentration or temperature boundary layer is compressed or extended. As a result, mass transport is more efficient than heat transfer. Also the influence of axial diffusion on the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is investigated for various Péclet numbers Pe. When Pe < 102, which is characteristic for heat transfer over superhydrophobic surfaces, axial conduction should be taken into account. For Pe ≥ 102, which are typical numbers for mass transport in microfluidic systems, axial diffusion can be neglected.
Lagrangian structures and mixing in the wake of a streamwise oscillating cylinder
Authors: Cagney N. , Balabani S.
Published: April 2016

Lagrangian analysis is capable of revealing the underlying structure and complex phenomena in unsteady flows. We present particle-image velocimetry measurements of the wake of a cylinder undergoing streamwise vortex-induced vibrations and calculate the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) in backward- and forward-time. The FTLE fields are compared to the phase-averaged vorticity fields for the four different wake modes observed while the cylinder experiences streamwise vortex-induced vibrations. The backward-time FTLE fields characterise the formation of vortices, with the roll up of spiral-shaped ridges coinciding with the roll up of the shear layers to form the vortices. Ridges in the forward-time fields tend to lie perpendicular to the flow direction and separate nearby vortices. The shedding of vortices coincides with a “peel off” process in the forward-time FTLE fields, in which a ridge connected to the cylinder splits into two strips, one of which moves downstream. Particular attention is given to the “wake breathing” process, in which the streamwise motion of the cylinder causes both shear layers to roll up simultaneously and two vortices of opposite sign to be shed into the wake. In this case, the ridges in forward-time FTLE fields are shown to define “vortex cells,” in which the new vortices form, and the FTLE fields allow the wake to be decomposed into three distinct regions. Finally, the mixing associated with each wake mode is examined, and it is shown that cross-wake mixing is significantly enhanced when the vibration amplitude is large and the vortices are shed alternately. However, while the symmetric shedding induces large amplitude vibrations, no increase in mixing is observed relative to the von Kármán vortex street observed behind near-stationary bodies.
Phase space effects on fast ion distribution function modeling in tokamaks
Authors: Podestà M. , Gorelenkova M. , Fredrickson E. D. , Gorelenkov N. N. , White R. B.
Published: April 2016

Integrated simulations of tokamak discharges typically rely on classical physics to model energetic particle (EP) dynamics. However, there are numerous cases in which energetic particles can suffer additional transport that is not classical in nature. Examples include transport by applied 3D magnetic perturbations and, more notably, by plasma instabilities. Focusing on the effects of instabilities, ad-hoc models can empirically reproduce increased transport, but the choice of transport coefficients is usually somehow arbitrary. New approaches based on physics-based reduced models are being developed to address those issues in a simplified way, while retaining a more correct treatment of resonant wave-particle interactions. The kick model implemented in the tokamak transport code TRANSP is an example of such reduced models. It includes modifications of the EP distribution by instabilities in real and velocity space, retaining correlations between transport in energy and space typical of resonant EP transport. The relevance of EP phase space modifications by instabilities is first discussed in terms of predicted fast ion distribution. Results are compared with those from a simple, ad-hoc diffusive model. It is then shown that the phase-space resolved model can also provide additional insight into important issues such as internal consistency of the simulations and mode stability through the analysis of the power exchanged between energetic particles and the instabilities.
β-Ga2O3 solar-blind deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on a four-terminal structure with or without Zener diodes
Authors: Qian L. X. , Liu X. Z. , Sheng T. , Zhang W. L. , Li Y. R. , Lai P. T.
Published: April 2016

A four-terminal photodetector was fabricated on the (2¯01)-dominant β-Ga2O3 thin film which was deposited in a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy system. The suitability of this film for solar-blind DUV detection was proved by its transmission spectra. Moreover, the device operating in a specific voltage-current mode can accurately detect the DUV radiation both qualitatively and quantitatively. Accordingly, a dark/photo voltage ratio of 15 was achieved, which is comparable to that of previously-reported β-Ga2O3 interdigital metal-semiconductor-metal photoconductor. More importantly, the aperture ratio of our proposed device exceeds 80%, nearly doubling that of the conventional interdigital metal-semiconductor-metal devices including photoconductor and Schottky-type photodiode, which can intensively benefit the detection efficiency. Furthermore, it was found the dark/photo voltage ratio was nearly trebled with the assistance of two Zener diodes, and further enhancement can be expected by increasing the operating current and/or adopting Zener diodes with smaller Zener voltage. Therefore, this work provides a promising alternative for solar-blind DUV detection.
Implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Authors: Barlam Tamar F. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Abbo Lilian M. , MacDougall Conan , Schuetz Audrey N. , Septimus Edward J. , Srinivasan Arjun , Dellit Timothy H. , Falck-Ytter Yngve T. , Fishman Neil O. , Hamilton Cindy W. , Jenkins Timothy C. , Lipsett Pamela A. , Malani Preeti N. , May Larissa S. , Moran Gregory J. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Newland Jason G. , Ohl Christopher A. , Samore Matthew H. , Seo Susan K. , Trivedi Kavita K.
Published: April 2016

Evidence-based guidelines for implementation and measurement of antibiotic stewardship interventions in inpatient populations including long-term care were prepared by a multidisciplinary expert panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. The panel included clinicians and investigators representing internal medicine, emergency medicine, microbiology, critical care, surgery, epidemiology, pharmacy, and adult and pediatric infectious diseases specialties. These recommendations address the best approaches for antibiotic stewardship programs to influence the optimal use of antibiotics.
Formation of massive Population III galaxies through photoionization feedback: a possible explanation for CR 7
Authors: Visbal Eli , Haiman Zoltán , Bryan Greg L.
Published: April 2016

We explore the formation of massive high-redshift Population III (Pop III) galaxies through photoionization feedback. We consider dark matter haloes formed from progenitors that have undergone no star formation as a result of early reionization and photoevaporation caused by a nearby galaxy. Once such a halo reaches ≈109 M⊙, corresponding to the Jeans mass of the photoheated intergalactic medium at z ≈ 7, pristine gas is able to collapse into the halo, potentially producing a massive Pop III starburst. We suggest that this scenario may explain the recent observation of strong He ii 1640 Å line emission in CR 7, which is consistent with ∼107 M⊙ of young Pop III stars. Such a large mass of Pop III stars is unlikely without the photoionization feedback scenario, because star formation is expected to inject metals into haloes above the atomic cooling threshold (∼108 M⊙ at z ≈ 7). We use merger trees to analytically estimate the abundance of observable Pop III galaxies formed through this channel, and find a number density of ≈10−7 Mpc−3 at z = 6.6 (the redshift of CR 7). This is approximately a factor of 10 lower than the density of Ly α emitters as bright as CR 7.
Precision measurement and frequency metrology with ultracold atoms
Authors: Zhang Xibo , Ye Jun
Published: April 2016

Precision measurement and frequency metrology have pushed many scientific and technological frontiers in the field of atomic, molecular and optical physics. In this article, we provide a brief review on the recent development of optical atomic clocks, with an emphasis placed on the important inter-dependence between measurement precision and systematic effects. After presenting a general discussion on the motivation and techniques behind the development of optical lattice clocks, where the use of many atoms greatly enhances the measurement precision, we present the JILA strontium optical lattice clock as the leading system of frequency metrology with the lowest total uncertainty, and we describe other related research activities. We discuss key ingredients that have enabled the optical lattice clocks with ultracold atoms to reach the 18th digit in both precision and accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss extending the power of precision clock spectroscopy to study quantum many-body physics and to provide control for atomic quantum materials. In addition, we explore future research directions that have the potential to achieve even greater precision.
Network-based metabolite ratios for an improved functional characterization of genome-wide association study results
Authors: Krumsiek Jan , Stückler Ferdinand , Suhre Karsten , Gieger Christian , Spector Tim D. , Soranzo Nicole , Kastenmüller Gabi , Theis Fabian J.
Published: April 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with metabolite ratios as quantitative traits have successfully deepened our understanding of the complex relationship between genetic variants and metabolic phenotypes. Usually all ratio combinations are selected for association tests. However, with more metabolites being detectable, the quadratic increase of the ratio number becomes challenging from a statistical, computational and interpretational point-of-view. Therefore methods which select biologically meaningful ratios are required.

We here present a network-based approach by selecting only closely connected metabolites in a given metabolic network. The feasibility of this approach was tested onin silicodata derived from simulated reaction networks. Especially for small effect sizes, network-based metabolite ratios (NBRs) improved the metabolite-based prediction accuracy of genetically-influenced reactions compared to the ‘all ratios’ approach. Evaluating the NBR approach on published GWAS association results, we compared reported ‘all ratio’-SNP hits with results obtained by selecting only NBRs as candidates for association tests. Input networks for NBR selection were derived from public pathway databases or reconstructed from metabolomics data. NBR-candidates covered more than 80% of all significant ratio-SNP associations and we could replicate 7 out of 10 new associations predicted by the NBR approach.

In this study we evaluated a network-based approach to select biologically meaningful metabolite ratios as quantitative traits in GWAS. Taking metabolic network information into account facilitated the analysis and the biochemical interpretation of metabolite-gene association results. For upcoming studies, for instance with case-control design, large-scale metabolomics data and small sample numbers, the analysis of all possible metabolite ratios is not feasible due to the correction for multiple testing. Here our NBR approach increases the statistical power and lowers computational demands, allowing for a better understanding of the complex interplay between individual phenotypes, genetics and metabolic profiles.
Ethyl 2-(2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetate
Authors: Hakmaoui Yassine , Rakib El Mostapha , Mojahidi Souad , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: April 2016

In the title compound, C8H11N3O4, the imidazole ring and the nitro group are nearly coplanar, with the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.119 (2) Å. The mean plane through the acetate group is approximately perpendicular to the imidazole ring, subtending a dihedral angle of 75.71 (13)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O and very weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. There is also a weak C—H...π(imidazole) interaction, which contributes to the stability of the crystal packing arrangement.
1-(3-Bromopropyl)indoline-2,3-dione
Authors: Qachchachi Fatima Zahrae , Kandri Rodi Youssef , Haoudi Amal , Essassi El Mokhtar , Capet Frédéric , Zouihri Hafid
Published: April 2016

In the title compound, C11H10BrNO2, the indoline ring system has an r.m.s. deviation of 0.026 Å. The side chain (including the Br atom) has atrans–gaucheconformation, as indicated by the N—C—C—C and C—C—C—Br torsion angles of −177.5 (3) and 68.1 (3)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Dibromonitrotoluene
Authors: Medjroubi Mohamed Larbi , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc , Boudjada Ali , Meinnel Jean
Published: April 2016

The title compound, C7H5Br2NO2(common name: dibromonitrotoluene; systematic name: 1,3-dibromo-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzene) crystallizes with two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit. In moleculeA, the Br atoms lie almost in the plane of the benzene ring, with deviations of 0.012 (1) and 0.009 (1) Å, while for the methyl C atom the deviation is 0.038 (4) Å. In moleculeB, the opposite is observed; for the methyl C atom the deviation is 0.003 (4) Å, while the two Br atoms deviate by 0.032 (1) and 0.025 (1) Å. In the crystal, theBmolecules are linkedviaC—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [101]. TheAmolecules are also aligned along the same direction, and there is a short Br...O contact of 3.101 (4) Å involving theAandBmolecules. The molecules stack in layers parallel to (101) and are linked by weak π–π interactions [intercentroid distances = 3.564 (3) Å betweenAmolecules and 3.662 (3) Å betweenBmolecules].
An advanced immune based strategy to obtain an optimal feasible assembly sequence
Authors: Bahubalendruni M.V.A. Raju , Deepak B.B.V.L. , Biswal Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent methodology to find out an optimal feasible assembly sequence while considering the assembly predicates.

Design/methodology/approach

This proposed study is carried out by using two artificial immune system-based models, namely, Bone Marrow Model and Negative Selection Algorithms, to achieve the following objectives: to obtain the possible number of assembly sequences; to obtain the feasible assembly sequences while considering different assembly predicates; and to obtain an optimal feasible assembly sequence.

Findings

Proposed bone-marrow model determines the possible assembly sequences to ease the intricacy of the problem formulation. Further evaluation has been carried out through negative-selection censoring and monitoring models. These developed models reduce the overall computational time to determine the optimal feasible assembly sequence.

Originality/value

In this paper, the novel and efficient strategies based on artificial immune system have been developed and proposed to obtain all valid assembly sequences and optimized assembly sequence for a given assembled product using assembly attributes. The introduced methodology has proven its effectiveness in achieving optimal assembly sequence with less computational time.
A new genetic algorithm approach to smooth path planning for mobile robots
Authors: Song Baoye , Wang Zidong , Sheng Li
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the smooth path planning problem for a mobile robot based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and the Bezier curve.

Design/methodology/approach

The workspace of a mobile robot is described by a new grid-based representation that facilitates the operations of the adopted GA. The chromosome of the GA is composed of a sequence of binary numbered grids (i.e. control points of the Bezier curve). Ordinary genetic operators including crossover and mutation are used to search the optimum chromosome where the optimization criterion is the length of a piecewise collision-free Bezier curve path determined by the control points.

Findings

This paper has proposed a new smooth path planning for a mobile robot by resorting to the GA and the Bezier curve. A new grid-based representation of the workspace has been presented, which makes it convenient to perform operations in the GA. The GA has been used to search the optimum control points that determine the Bezier curve-based smooth path. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been verified by a numerical experiment, and some performances of the obtained method have also been analyzed.

Research limitations/implications

There still remain many interesting topics, for example, how to solve the specific smooth path planning problem by using the GA and how to promote the computational efficiency in the more grids case. These issues deserve further research.

Originality/value

The purpose of this paper is to improve the existing results by making the following three distinctive contributions: a rigorous mathematical formulation of the path planning optimization problem is formulated; a general grid-based representation (2n × 2n) is proposed to describe the workspace of the mobile robots to facilitate the implementation of the GA where n is chosen according to the trade-off between the accuracy and the computational burden; and the control points of the Bezier curve are directly linked to the optimization criteria so that the generated paths are guaranteed to be optimal without any need for smoothing afterwards.
Bio-inspired approach to invariant recognition and classification of fabric weave patterns and yarn color
Authors: Khan Babar , Han Fang , Wang Zhijie , Masood Rana J.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a biologically inspired processing architecture to recognize and classify fabrics with respect to the weave pattern (fabric texture) and yarn color (fabric color).

Design/methodology/approach

By using the fabric weave patterns image identification system, this study analyzed the fabric image based on the Hierarchical-MAX (HMAX) model of computer vision, to extract feature values related to texture of fabric. Red Green Blue (RGB) color descriptor based on opponent color channels simulating the single opponent and double opponent neuronal function of the brain is incorporated in to the texture descriptor to extract yarn color feature values. Finally, support vector machine classifier is used to train and test the algorithm.

Findings

This two-stage processing architecture can be used to construct a system based on computer vision to recognize fabric texture and to increase the system reliability and accuracy. Using this method, the stability and fault tolerance (invariance) was improved.

Originality/value

Traditionally, fabric texture recognition is performed manually by visual inspection. Recent studies have proposed automatic fabric texture identification based on computer vision. In the identification process, the fabric weave patterns are recognized by the warp and weft floats. However, due to the optical environments and the appearance differences of fabric and yarn, the stability and fault tolerance (invariance) of the computer vision method are yet to be improved. By using our method, the stability and fault tolerance (invariance) was improved.
Bio-inspired neural network with application to license plate recognition: hysteretic ELM approach
Authors: Chen Liang , Cui Leitao , Huang Rong , Ren Zhengyun
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to present a bio-inspired neural network for improvement of information processing capability of the existing artificial neural networks.

Design/methodology/approach

In the network, the authors introduce a property often found in biological neural system – hysteresis – as the neuron activation function and a bionic algorithm – extreme learning machine (ELM) – as the learning scheme. The authors give the gradient descent procedure to optimize parameters of the hysteretic function and develop an algorithm to online select ELM parameters, including number of the hidden-layer nodes and hidden-layer parameters. The algorithm combines the idea of the cross validation and random assignment in original ELM. Finally, the authors demonstrate the advantages of the hysteretic ELM neural network by applying it to automatic license plate recognition.

Findings

Experiments on automatic license plate recognition show that the bio-inspired learning system has better classification accuracy and generalization capability with consideration to efficiency.

Originality/value

Comparing with the conventional sigmoid function, hysteresis as the activation function enables has two advantages: the neuron’s output not only depends on its input but also on derivative information, which provides the neuron with memory; the hysteretic function can switch between the two segments, thus avoiding the neuron falling into local minima and having a quicker learning rate. The improved ELM algorithm in some extent makes up for declining performance because of original ELM’s complete randomness with the cost of a litter slower than before.
A novel path planning method for biomimetic robot based on deep learning
Authors: Lu Yang , Yi Shujuan , Liu Yurong , Ji Yuling
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to design a multi-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) to solve biomimetic robot path planning problem.

Design/methodology/approach

At first, the convolution kernel with different scales can be obtained by using the sparse auto encoder training algorithm; the parameter of the hidden layer is a series of convolutional kernel, and the authors use these kernels to extract first-layer features. Then, the authors get the second-layer features through the max-pooling operators, which improve the invariance of the features. Finally, the authors use fully connected layers of neural networks to accomplish the path planning task.

Findings

The NAO biomimetic robot respond quickly and correctly to the dynamic environment. The simulation experiments show that the deep neural network outperforms in dynamic and static environment than the conventional method.

Originality/value

A new method of deep learning based biomimetic robot path planning is proposed. The authors designed a multi-layer CNN which includes max-pooling layer and convolutional kernel. Then, the first and second layers features can be extracted by these kernels. Finally, the authors use the sparse auto encoder training algorithm to train the CNN so as to accomplish the path planning task of NAO robot.
Improved GA and Pareto optimization-based facial expression recognition
Authors: Wang Fowei , Shen Bo , Sun Shaoyuan , Wang Zidong
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy of the facial expression recognition by using genetic algorithm (GA) with an appropriate fitness evaluation function and Pareto optimization model with two new objective functions.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve facial expression recognition with high accuracy, the Haar-like features representation approach and the bilateral filter are first used to preprocess the facial image. Second, the uniform local Gabor binary patterns are used to extract the facial feature so as to reduce the feature dimension. Third, an improved GA and Pareto optimization approach are used to select the optimal significant features. Fourth, the random forest classifier is chosen to achieve the feature classification. Subsequently, some comparative experiments are implemented. Finally, the conclusion is drawn and some future research topics are pointed out.

Findings

The experiment results show that the proposed facial expression recognition algorithm outperforms ones in the existing literature in terms of both the actuary and computational time.

Originality/value

The GA and Pareto optimization algorithm are combined to select the optimal significant feature. To improve the accuracy of the facial expression recognition, the GA is improved by adjusting an appropriate fitness evaluation function, and a new Pareto optimization model is proposed that contains two objective functions indicating the achievements in minimizing within-class variations and in maximizing between-class variations.
A comparison of different study load classifications and their association to student performance - an exploratory study
Authors: Perera Luckmika , Kanapathippillai Sutharson , Wines Graeme
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This study investigates the alternative study load measures (dichotomous full-time/part-time classification and the number of units enrolled) and their association to student performance by using student data from a final year accounting unit in a large Australian university.

Design/methodology/approach

Using regression analysis, we compare the two measures to ascertain the explanatory power of the two approaches in explaining student performance.

Findings

A positive association is found between study loads and student performance when using the ‘number of units enrolled’ measure. This relationship was not found when the dichotomous measure (full-time versus part-time) was used. The results suggest that a scaled measure of study loads is a better measure compared to a binary (dichotomous) measure.

Research limitations/implications

The study will assist future researchers to better control for study loads, and also to gain a better understanding of the association between study loads and student performance. This may possibly assist educational institutions and academics to use a more appropriate pedagogical design in the structure of courses when determining study load allocations across the different cohorts.

Practical implications

This study will help in methodology of future researchers controlling for study loads and student performance.

Originality/value

The study adds to existing literature by providing an alternate study load measure in methodology for controlling for student performance.
The impact of gender difference on the interpretation of uncertainty expressions
Authors: Han Wenqi , Hellmann Andreas , Lu Meiting
Published: April 2016

Purpose

This study conducts an empirical examination of auditors’ interpretation of selected key uncertainty expressions, namely virtually certain, probable and unlikely, included in accounting standards.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a survey research method to examine the impact of gender difference on the interpretation of uncertainty expressions. Professional auditors in China were selected to examine whether gender difference influences the interpretation of uncertainty expressions.

Findings

The results show that female auditors are likely to interpret positive or negative uncertainty expressions more conservatively than male auditors. The extent of conservatism is higher when female auditors are interpreting in-context expressions. The results remain similar after controlling for additional variables, such as education and work experience, which possibly affect the interpretation of probability expressions.

Originality/value

The results of this study suggest that gender difference can affect the numerical thresholds that auditors’ assign to uncertainty expressions. This may lead to different application of professional judgments between male and female auditors. It also provides important implications to regulators and practitioners on the quality of financial reporting and auditing across organizations within and across countries.
Maternal health services in China’s western rural areas: uptake and correlates
Authors: Liu Chengfang , Zhang Linxiu , Shi Yaojiang , ZHOU Huan , Medina Alexis , Rozelle Scott
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Many public health systems have struggled with the dual questions of (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it. The objective of this study is to assess the uptake rate of a new set of maternal health services in poor rural areas of China.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on the survey responses of women’s representatives and village cadres from almost 1000 villages in June 2012 as part of a wide-scale public health survey in Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces in the western part of China.

Findings

We find that the uptake rate of maternal health services (including in-hospital delivery, antenatal care visits and post-partum care visits) in poor rural areas of western China are far below average in China, and that the rates vary across provinces and ethnic groups. Our analyses demonstrate that distance, income, ethnicity and availability appear to be systematically correlated with low uptake rates of all maternal health services. Demand-side factors seem to be by far the most important sources of the differences between subpopulations. We also find that there is potential for creating a Conditional Cash Transfer program to improve the usage of maternal health services.

Originality/value

We believe that our results will contribute positively to the exploration of answers to the dual questions that many public health systems have struggled with (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it.
Gene polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor affect susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian cohort
Authors: Moudi Bita , Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: April 2016

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a key proinflammatory mediator, plays important roles in chronic diseases. In this study, an attempt was made to clarify the associations between some functional polymorphisms such as MIF‐173 G/C, MIF 95 bp and 189 bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polymorphisms were assessed in 221 HBV patients and 200 normal subjects. MIF‐173 G/C and MIF 95 bp and 189 bp I/D polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR–RFLP and PCR, respectively. When allele and genotype frequencies of the variants were compared between patients and controls by the χ2 test, it was found that the frequency of MIF‐173 G/C genotypes differed significantly between patients with chronic HBV and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Carriers of the MIF ‐173‐C allele were at significantly higher risk of HBV infection than carriers of the MIF ‐173‐G allele (P = 0.009, OR = 1.549, 95% CI = 1.114 − 2.155). Moreover, 95 bp I/D polymorphism was not associated with CP and the 185 bp I/D variant was not polymorphic in our group of subjects. The frequency of haplotypes did not differ significantly between groups (χ2 = 11.391, P = 0.181). Our results suggest that MIF ‐173 G/C variant increases the risk of HBV in Iranian subjects. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
Relationship Between the Different Aspects Related to Coffee Quality and Their Volatile Compounds
Authors: Toledo Paulo R.A.B. , Pezza Leonardo , Pezza Helena R. , Toci Aline T.
Published: April 2016

This paper provides, for the first time, an overview of different aspects related to the quality of coffee beans and their volatile fractions: species/cultivars, geographic origins, bean defects, and types of beverages, processing, roasting, and storage. In other words, it concerns the complex relation between the quality of coffee seeds and their volatile components. It is an overview of 48 articles and considering 6 different aspects related to the quality of coffee and its aromatic fraction. The greatest numbers of published papers concerned “species and cultivars” and “defective seeds,” both with 11 articles cited, followed by “storage” with 10 articles. Many aspects still require greater clarification, including the effects of geographical origin, processing, and roasting. Other issues that are better understood include the effects of species type, defective seeds, and storage conditions. Another topic that has received very little attention is the question of the existence of many different coffee cultivars within each species, which we believe should be further investigated, given that this can significantly affect the quality of the final beverage. Meanwhile, with the growing technological development in the areas of science and agriculture, there are many other aspects to be studied (or revisited), and the field of the aromatic quality of coffee provides ample opportunity for scientific investigation.
Forensic Pathologist Consensus in the Interpretation of Photographs of Patterned Injuries of the Skin
Authors: Oliver William R. , Fang Xianming
Published: April 2016

Forensic pathologists are commonly asked to evaluate injuries on the basis of photographs. Members of the National Association of Medical Examiners were asked to participate in an online survey in which they were presented with 68 patterned injuries of the skin and asked to make a diagnosis ranging from very general (e.g., “blunt” vs. “sharp”) to specific (e.g., “baton blow”). This was not the case. Consensus for general diagnosis averaged 0.77 and 0.72 for specific diagnosis. While there was a strong correlation between consensus and confidence in aggregate, individual correlations were poor. Consensus diagnosis was inversely correlated with age, and positively correlated with jurisdictional size, medical degree, and whether or not the respondent was actively performing autopsies as a job function. A subsequent survey is exploring possible reasons for lack of consensus in low‐consensus questions. The high correlation between confidence and consensus at the aggregate level and low correlation at the individual level may have implications for quality assurance protocols.
A Novel Forensic Tool for the Characterization and Comparison of Printing Ink Evidence: Development and Evaluation of a Searchable Database Using Data Fusion of Spectrochemical Methods
Authors: Trejos Tatiana , Torrione Peter , Corzo Ruthmara , Raeva Ana , Subedi Kiran , Williamson Rhett , Yoo Jong , Almirall Jose
Published: April 2016

A searchable printing ink database was designed and validated as a tool to improve the chemical information gathered from the analysis of ink evidence. The database contains 319 samples from printing sources that represent some of the global diversity in toner, inkjet, offset, and intaglio inks. Five analytical methods were used to generate data to populate the searchable database including FTIR, SEM‐EDS, LA‐ICP‐MS, DART‐MS, and Py‐GC‐MS. The search algorithm based on partial least‐squares discriminant analysis generates a similarity “score” used for the association between similar samples. The performance of a particular analytical method to associate similar inks was found to be dependent on the ink type with LA‐ICP‐MS performing best, followed by SEM‐EDS and DART‐MS methods, while FTIR and Py‐GC‐MS were less useful in association but were still useful for classification purposes. Data fusion of data collected from two complementary methods (i.e., LA‐ICP‐MS and DART‐MS) improves the classification and association of similar inks.
Estimation of Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption in Low‐, Middle‐, and High‐Income Economies for 2010
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Larsen Elisabeth , Lewis‐Laietmark Candace , Gheorghe Paul , Poznyak Vladimir , Rekve Dag , Fleischmann Alexandra
Published: April 2016

Background

Consumption of unrecorded alcohol is prevalent, especially in low‐income countries (LIC). Monitoring and reduction of unrecorded consumption have been asked for in the World Health Organization (WHO) global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. To date, only a few countries have installed monitoring systems, however.

Methods

As part of the WHO global monitoring, an expert survey using the nominal group technique, a variant of Delphi studies, was conducted to assess level and characteristics of unrecorded consumption in 46 member states. One hundred experts responded. Descriptive statistics and repeated analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.

Results

The study showed feasibility of the chosen methodology to elicit information of unrecorded consumption with experts responding for 74% of the countries. Response rate was lower for LIC. Compared to prior WHO estimates, experts tended to estimate higher unrecorded consumption for LIC, and lower unrecorded consumption for high‐income countries. Unrecorded consumption was seen as a financial, public health, and social problem by the majority of experts. Homemade alcohol was the most prevalent subcategory of unrecorded consumption globally.

Conclusions

The chosen methodology was feasible, and new information about consumption of unrecorded consumption could be gathered. There is still a need for increasing efforts of national monitoring, especially in LIC.
Does Race Affect Access to Government Services? An Experiment Exploring Street‐Level Bureaucrats and Access to Public Housing
Authors: Einstein Katherine Levine , Glick David M.
Published: April 2016

While experimental studies of local election officials have found evidence of racial discrimination, we know little about whether these biases manifest in bureaucracies that provide access to valuable government programs and are less tied to politics. We address these issues in the context of affordable housing programs using a randomized field experiment. We explore responsiveness to putative white, black, and Hispanic requests for aid in the housing application process. In contrast to prior findings, public housing officials respond at equal rates to black and white email requests. We do, however, find limited evidence of responsiveness discrimination toward Hispanics. Moreover, we observe substantial differences in email tone. Hispanic housing applicants were 20 percentage points less likely to be greeted by name than were their black and white counterparts. This disparity in tone is somewhat more muted in more diverse locations, but it does not depend on whether a housing official is Hispanic.
Elucidating biological opportunities and constraints on assisted colonization
Authors: Schwartz Mark W.
Published: April 2016

Assisted colonization is a proposed climate change adaptation strategy. Martin‐Alcόn et al. (Applied Vegetation Science, this issue) report an experiment to evaluate the efficacy of assisted colonization and identify thermal distance as a critical consideration. By extension, we should consider the role that ecological distance and socio‐political distance play within any plan to reduce extinction risk through assisted colonization.
A Sup-Score Test for the Cure Fraction in Mixture Models for Long-Term Survivors
Authors: Hsu Wei-Wen , Todem David , Kim KyungMann
Published: April 2016

The evaluation of cure fractions in oncology research under the well known cure rate model has attracted considerable attention in the literature, but most of the existing testing procedures have relied on restrictive assumptions. A common assumption has been to restrict the cure fraction to a constant under alternatives to homogeneity, thereby neglecting any information from covariates. This article extends the literature by developing a score-based statistic that incorporates covariate information to detect cure fractions, with the existing testing procedure serving as a special case. A complication of this extension, however, is that the implied hypotheses are not typical and standard regularity conditions to conduct the test may not even hold. Using empirical processes arguments, we construct a sup-score test statistic for cure fractions and establish its limiting null distribution as a functional of mixtures of chi-square processes. In practice, we suggest a simple resampling procedure to approximate this limiting distribution. Our simulation results show that the proposed test can greatly improve efficiency over tests that neglect the heterogeneity of the cure fraction under the alternative. The practical utility of the methodology is illustrated using ovarian cancer survival data with long-term follow-up from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry.