bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open problems in liquids dynamics: The role of neutron scattering
Authors: Guarini Eleonora , Masini Gianmarco , Bafile Ubaldo , Celli Milva , Colognesi Daniele , Cunsolo Alessandro , Scaccia Luisa , De Francesco Alessio , Formisano Ferdinando
Published: October 2023

We review recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments aimed at investigating still open issues in the microscopic dynamics of liquids. It is shown that the interpretation of experimental results is put on solid ground by the application of modern methods of analysis and lineshape modelling which ensure the fulfillment of fundamental physical properties that the spectra must obey. This last condition becomes crucial to avoid overinterpretations of the genuine information conveyed by scattering data, especially when studying weak signals in the dynamic structure factor. Moreover, we highlight the different roles that neutron data presently play compared to molecular dynamics simulations depending on the nature of the sample, including the case of quantum liquids. In particular, we show how neutron measurements remain an indispensable benchmark in assessing the present capabilities of classical and quantum simulation methods. We also mention the potential of statistical methods, such as Bayesian inference, when applied to neutron data analysis and the opportunity they provide in establishing the spectral features without arbitrary assumptions on the model lineshape.
Magnetic properties of highly ordered single crystals with layered YBaCuFeO5 structure
Authors: Romaguera Arnau , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Ruyong , Fabelo Oscar , García-Muñoz José Luis
Published: October 2023

In the layered perovskites YBaCuFeO5 (YBCFO) magnetic frustration stabilizes incommensurate spiral order up to unexpectedly high temperatures (TS). The level of frustration and hence TS depend directly on the fraction (nd) of B-site (Cu/Fe) chemical disorder in the samples. We report a neutron investigation on the magnetic transitions in two YBaCuFeO5 single crystals (one pure and the second slightly doped with Mn), grown by floating-zone methods, that present very low Fe/Cu cation disorder (nd→0). The low density of antiferromagnetic Fe2O9 bipyramid units in these crystals precludes the stabilization of a frustrated topological network, which is at the origin of the non-collinear (helicoidal) magnetic order. Instead, the ground state is substituted by two competing commensurate collinear magnetic phases, the majority one (k1) attributed to the perfectly ordered YBCFO perovskite (nd=0). A second type of collinear magnetic domains (k3) develop for samples with disorder below a critical threshold (0<nd< n0). Only in YBCFO samples with Cu/Fe disorder above the critical threshold a long-range helicoidal or spiral magnetic state can be formed.
Classification et diagnostic des insuffisances hépatiques congénitales chez le chien : les shunts porto-systémiques mais pas que…
Authors: Bernard Pauline , Benchekroun Ghita , Blot Stéphane
Published: October 2023

L’insuffisance hépatique est un syndrome clinique reflétant une altération majeure des fonctions hépatiques. Différentes causes sont rapportées en médecine vétérinaire dont certaines congénitales. La classification des insuffisances hépatiques d’origine congénitale repose sur la localisation anatomique de la malformation au niveau du système porte ou de la plaque ductale. Sont ainsi rapportés les shunts porto-systémiques intra- ou extra-hépatiques, cause la plus fréquemment décrite en médecine vétérinaire, mais également le groupe des hypoplasies congénitales de la veine porte, les malformations artérioveineuses, et les malformations des plaques ductales.

Les éléments de suspicion clinique d’une insuffisance hépatique d’origine congénitale reposent sur la conjoncture des données épidémiologique, de l’anamnèse et des signes cliniques. Le bilan hémato-biochimique ainsi que l’analyse d’urine permettent d’identifier des signes indirects d’insuffisance hépatique, pouvant être confirmés, dans un second temps, par le dosage des acides biliaires et/ou de l’ammoniémie. Les examens d’imagerie jouent un rôle clé dans l’identification de l’affection causale de l’insuffisance hépatique d’origine congénitale, bien que l’examen histopathologique du foie reste incontournable, en particulier en l’absence de shunt porto-systémique congénital.

L’identification précoce de ces affections est essentielle, afin de proposer une prise en charge médico-chirurgicale adaptée et fournir un pronostic précis.
Einfluss von Leitlinienempfehlungen, Versorgungsstrukturen und
individuellen Faktoren auf die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Therapien bei
schwer psychisch kranken Menschen
Authors: Fritz Sarah , Kösters Markus , Allgöwer Andreas , Becker Thomas , Kilian Reinhold , Gühne Uta , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Hasan Alkomiet , Falkai Peter , Ajayi Klemens , Baumgärtner Jessica , Brieger Peter , Frasch Karel , Heres Stephan , Jäger Markus , Küthmann Andreas , Putzhammer Albert , Schneeweiß Bertram , Schwarz Michael , Breilmann Johanna
Published: October 2023

Ziel der Studie Der Einfluss von Leitlinien-Empfehlungen und weiterer
Faktoren auf die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Therapien bei Menschen mit
schweren psychischen Erkrankungen wurde untersucht.

Methodik Es wurden Daten einer Querschnittsstudie mit 397 Personen mit
schweren psychischen Erkrankungen deskriptiv analysiert.

Ergebnisse Betroffene erhalten seltener Therapien mit einer starken
Empfehlung im Vergleich zu anderen Empfehlungsgraden. Verschiedene weitere
Faktoren sind diffus mit den Inanspruchnahmeraten assoziiert, es konnte jedoch
kein ubiquitärer Einflussfaktor über alle Therapien hinweg
identifiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die aktuelle Praxis beim Einsatz psychosozialer Therapien
folgt nicht den Empfehlungsstärken der S3-Leitlinie. Interventionen mit
starken Empfehlungen stehen vermutlich nicht ausreichend zur Verfügung,
weshalb die Routinepraxis demzufolge nicht in der Lage ist,
Leitlinienempfehlungen entsprechend ihrer Stärke zu folgen. Andere
einheitliche Prädiktoren konnten nicht identifiziert werden.
Sonographische Normwerte für das Schilddrüsenvolumen Erwachsener – woher kommen sie und wie sind sie zu bewerten?
Authors: Seifert Philipp , Gühne Falk , Drescher Robert , Freesmeyer Martin
Published: October 2023

Der obere Grenzwert für das Schilddrüsenvolumen beträgt bei Frauen 18 ml, bei Männern 25 ml. Diese Referenzgrößen werden fachgebietsübergreifend in vielen Kliniken und Praxen verwendet und gelehrt. Insofern sind sie auch Grundlage therapeutischer Entscheidungen. Doch wo kommen die Normalwerte für das Schilddrüsenvolumen her und auf Grundlage welcher Untersuchungen wurden sie etabliert? Sollten diese Obergrenzen in der klinischen Routine als universeller Maßstab angewendet werden und welche Faktoren können die physiologische Organgröße beeinflussen? Der folgende Artikel widmet sich einer kritischen Betrachtung der weitverbreiteten Referenzwerte für das Volumen der Schilddrüse in der erwachsenen Bevölkerung.
CircPI4KA Overexpression Enhances Carcinogenesis and Glycolysis
Metabolism in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Causing the miR-1287-5p-Mediated
NRP2 Expression Elevation
Authors: Sun Huanhuan , Xu Fen , You Dongyang
Published: October 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in regulating the pathogenesis of
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Herein, we aimed to investigate how circRNA
phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (circPI4KA, hsa_circ_0062389)
functioned as an oncogene in PTC. CircPI4KA, microRNA-1287-5p (miR-1287-5p) and
Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) level detection were completed by reverse
transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell proliferation
was assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and EdU
assay. Transwell assay was used for detecting migration and invasion abilities.
Cell migration was also determined by wound healing assay. Cell apoptosis was
assessed using flow cytometry assay. The protein examination was performed using
western blot. Glycolysis was evaluated via commercial kits. Dual-luciferase
reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted for target
analysis. The role of circPI4KA in vivo was explored and analyzed via tumor
xenograft assay. CircPI4KA was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues and
cells. Knockdown of circPI4KA suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion,
glycolysis, and induced apoptosis of PTC cells. CircPI4KA interacted with
miR-1287-5p in PTC cells. The antitumor function of circPI4KA downregulation was
reversed by inhibition of miR-1287-5p. The miR-1287-5p directly targeted NRP2,
and circPI4KA elevated the NRP2 expression by sponging miR-1287-5p. PTC
progression was impeded by miR-1287-5p via targeting NRP2. Silencing circPI4KA
inhibited tumor growth in vivo through the miR-1287-5p/NRP2 axis. The
collective results revealed that circPI4KA induced the upregulation of NRP2 via
sponging miR-1287-5p, thus acting as a carcinogenic factor in PTC.
Inanspruchnahme ambulanter Psychotherapie und ambulanter
psychiatrischer Behandlung von Männern und Frauen nach
stationärer Behandlung aufgrund eines Suizidversuchs oder akuter
suizidaler Krise
Authors: Spahn Cora , Spangenberg Lena , Teismann Tobias , Forkmann Thomas , Schönfelder Antje , Schreiber Dajana , Paashaus Laura , Stengler Katarina , Glaesmer Heide
Published: October 2023

Ziel Der stärkste Prädiktor für einen
Suizidversuch ist ein vorangegangener Suizidversuch. Personen, die aufgrund von
suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten stationär aufgenommen wurden, haben
nach Entlassung aus stationärer Behandlung ein erhöhtes Risiko
durch einen Suizid zu versterben. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit ambulante
Behandlungsangebote in der Phase nach Entlassung in Anspruch genommen werden und
ob sich Männer und Frauen dahingehend unterscheiden.

Methodik Die Inanspruchnahme ambulanter Angebote von 124 Personen (mit
Suizidversuch (lifetime), 59,7% weiblich) in den 6 Monaten nach
stationärer Behandlung wird untersucht.

Ergebnisse 37,9% (N=47) nahmen kein Angebote in Anspruch.
Männer begaben sich signifikant weniger in ambulante Behandlung als
Frauen.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Gruppe mit erhöhtem Suizidrisiko nimmt zu
einem großen Teil nach stationärer Behandlung keine Angebote in
Anspruch. Das Entlassmanagement sollte verstärkt (genderspezifische)
Hürden in den Blick nehmen und Wege in ambulante Versorgung ebnen.
Defining Electronic Health Record Standards for Child Health: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Shafi Obeid , Liu Daniel , Thompson Cori , Margo Todd , Bennett Timothy , Suresh Srinivasan , Yu Feliciano
Published: October 2023

Background Improving child health using health information technology (IT) requires a unique set of functionalities that are built into the electronic health record (EHR) and are used to support patient care. In this article, we review and discuss the milestones preceding the development of a new child health EHR standard and describe the salient features of this contemporary standard.

Methods and Results The Health Level Seven Pediatric Care Health IT Functional Profile (HL7 PCHIT FP) is an informative standard that encompasses the EHR functions required to care for patients less than 21 years of age in any clinical setting, developed to address the pediatric-specific functionality gaps in the EHR. It includes criteria that support communication between providers and all caregivers, inclusion of pediatric-specific vital signs and diagnosis, support for transition to adult care, and support for reporting and documentation of child abuse or neglect including communication with involved authorities. EHR functionalities for documentation and reporting of newborn screening tests with follow-up for abnormal results and functionality for children with special health care needs with support for identifying patients who may benefit from care coordination are also incorporated, in addition to school-based linkages enabling communication between the health care system and their school environment.

Conclusion The HL7 PCHIT FP is envisioned to be another vital step towards improving pediatric health by enhancing EHRs to address the unique health IT needs of children and their health providers. While the HL7 PCHIT FP is the most recently published standard on pediatric EHR systems, standards development is an iterative process, and recommendations for continuous refinement and additional functionalities for the next standards release are encouraged.
Whole Blood Viscosity and Cerebral Blood Flow in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gyawali Prajwal , Lillicrap Thomas P. , Esperon Carlos G. , Bhattarai Aseem , Bivard Andrew , Spratt Neil
Published: October 2023

Existing effective treatments for ischemic stroke restore blood supply to the ischemic region using thrombolysis or mechanical removal of clot. However, it is increasingly recognized that successful removal of occlusive thrombus from the large artery—recanalization, may not always be accompanied by successful restoration of blood flow to the downstream tissues—reperfusion. Ultimately, brain tissue survival depends on cerebral perfusion, and a functioning microcirculation. Because capillary diameter is often equal to or smaller than an erythrocyte, microcirculation is largely dependent on erythrocyte rheological (hemorheological) factors such as whole blood viscosity (WBV). Several studies in the past have demonstrated elevated WBV in stroke compared with healthy controls. Also, elevated WBV has shown to be an independent risk factor for stroke. Elevated WBV leads to endothelial dysfunction, decreases nitric oxide-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation, and promotes hemostatic alterations/thrombosis, all leading to microcirculation sludging. Compromised microcirculation further leads to decreased cerebral perfusion. Hence, modulating WBV through pharmacological agents might be beneficial to improve cerebral perfusion in stroke. This review discusses the effect of elevated WBV on endothelial function, hemostatic alterations, and thrombosis leading to reduced cerebral perfusion in stroke.
Evidence of the time-varying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on online search activities relating to shopping products in South Korea
Authors: Song Jiam , Jung Kwangmin , Kam Jonghun
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the level of the received risk of the public and their social behavior patterns since 2020. This study aims to investigate temporal changes of online search activities of the public about shopping products, harnessing the NAVER DataLab Shopping Insight (NDLSI) data (weekly online search activity volumes about +1,800 shopping products) over 2017–2021. This study conducts the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of the NDLSI data to extract the major principal components of online search activity volumes about shopping products. Before the pandemic, the NDLSI data shows that the first principal mode (15% of variance explained) is strongly associated with an increasing trend of search activity volumes relating to shopping products. The second principal mode (10%) is strongly associated with the seasonality of monthly temperature, but in advance of four weeks. After removing the increasing trend and seasonality in the NDLSI data, the first major mode (27%) is related to the multiple waves of the new confirm cases of corona virus variants. Generally, life/health, digital/home appliance, food, childbirth/childcare shopping products are associated with the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. While search activities for 241 shopping products are associated with the new confirmed cases of corona virus variants after the first wave, 124 and 190 shopping products are associated after the second and third waves. These changes of the public interest in online shopping products are strongly associated with changes in the COVID-19 prevention policies and risk of being exposed to the corona virus variants. This study highlights the need to better understand changes in social behavior patterns, including but not limited to e-commerce activities, for the next pandemic preparation.
CEOs’ early famine experience, managerial discretion and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Xu Zhaocheng
Published: October 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reflects entrepreneurs’ early life experiences in reality. Based on imprinting theory and upper echelons theory, this paper examines the impact of a CEO’s early famine experience on CSR, analyzes the moderating effects of environmental discretion (market abundance), organizational discretion (slack resources), and CEO discretion (CEO concurrently) on the above relationship, using Chinese manufacturing listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as research samples. Research shows that when CEOs have early famine experiences, their companies have better social responsibility performance. This effect is positively moderated by the environment and organizational discretion and negatively moderated by CEO discretion. Further research finds that when CEOs are in state-owned firms, the positive effect of their early famine experience on CSR will be reinforced. The early famine experience of a turnover CEO has a weakening effect on CSR. The positive performance of CSR is more pronounced for male CEOs’ early famine experience. The early famine experience of CEOs with lower education has a more significant effect on CSR. This study reveals a practical path to improve CSR motivation from CEOs’ early famine experience and provides new evidence for the research about the CEOs’ personal experience and corporate strategic decision-making.
On the accuracy of the chemically significant eigenvalue method
Authors: Holtorf Flemming , Green William H.
Published: October 2023

We study the accuracy and convergence properties of the chemically significant eigenvalues method as proposed by Georgievskii et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 12146-12154 (2013)] and its close relative, dominant subspace truncation, for reduction of the energy-grained master equation. We formally derive the connection between both reduction techniques and provide hard error bounds for the accuracy of the latter which confirm the empirically excellent accuracy and convergence properties but also unveil practically relevant cases in which both methods are bound to fall short. We propose the use of balanced truncation as an effective alternative in these cases.
Dynamic hysteretic properties and specific loss power of magnetic nanoparticles in a viscous medium at different thermal baths
Authors: Zapata J. C. , Restrepo J.
Published: October 2023

A system of magnetite single-domain magnetic nanoparticles in an aqueous colloidal suspension at different temperatures is simulated. In this framework, we study the response of the magnetization of the system to the presence of a time-dependent magnetic field at certain frequency. To do that, a Hamiltonian that includes the Zeeman interaction and the uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy is considered. The dynamics of the system is driven according to the solution of the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert differential equation, in combination with a torque term acting on the nanoparticle in order to consider the Brown rotation influenced by the viscosity of the solvent. Thus, both Néel and Brown rotation mechanisms are contemplated. Our results allow us to conclude that Brownian relaxation mediates the alignment of the anisotropy axes with the external field. Thus, depending on the solid or liquid state of the solvent, it is possible to determine the conditions under which a reinforcement of the magnetic anisotropy can take place in order to increase the remanence and squareness of the hysteresis loops.
Optimization of graphene-based quantum Hall arrays for recursive star–mesh transformations
Authors: Scaletta D. S. , Mhatre S. M. , Tran N. T. M. , Yang C. H. , Hill H. M. , Yang Y. , Meng L. , Panna A. R. , Payagala S. U. , Elmquist R. E. , Jarrett D. G. , Newell D. B. , Rigosi A. F.
Published: October 2023

A mathematical approach is adopted for optimizing the number of total device elements required for obtaining high effective quantized resistances in graphene-based quantum Hall array devices. This work explores an analytical extension to the use of star–mesh transformations such that fractal-like, or recursive, device designs can yield high enough resistances (like 1 EΩ, arguably the highest resistance with meaningful applicability) while still being feasible to build with modern fabrication techniques. Epitaxial graphene elements are tested, whose quantized Hall resistance at the ν=2 plateau (RH≈ 12 906.4 Ω) becomes the building block for larger effective, quantized resistances. It is demonstrated that, mathematically, one would not need more than 200 elements to achieve the highest pertinent resistances.
Phonon frequency and its modification by magnon–phonon coupling from all-temperature theory of magnon
Authors: Datta Sambhu N.
Published: October 2023

The all-temperature magnon (ATM) theory [Datta and A. Panda, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21, 336003 (2009)] has been used to analyze the temperature dependence of magnetization and internal energy components of a mono-domain ferromagnetic solid. One impact of the ATM formulation is that calculated critical exponents are in better agreement with experiments than their counterparts from mean-field and critical phenomenon theories. These exponents can vary from one ferromagnet to another of similar symmetry and dimensionality but differing in spin and can be field-dependent. The ATM finding is that exponent β depends on spin and increases as T approaches TC, whereas the exponent γ is weakly dependent on spin and the applied field but relies on crystal symmetry. The main thrust of the present work has been to derive the thermally averaged spin-center force constants in terms of the baseline related (solid) and exchange-cum-field mediated (magnetic) components and to formulate phonon frequencies and their modifications by magnon–phonon coupling. The derived expressions are suitable for correct quantum chemical evaluation. A detailed calculation on different spin configurations at varying geometries is still hardly possible and beyond the scope of the present work that emphasizes the correctness of formulas and has the significance of explaining properties. The phonon frequency shift due to lattice expansion is always negative. It is also clarified that frequency modification by the magnon–phonon interaction is negative for certain phonon branches near TC, and the ratio of frequency modification and phonon frequency is approximately proportional to the ratio of curvatures of involved energy surfaces.
A mathematical model for predicting the electro-mechanical behavior of crack-based flexible strain sensor
Authors: Song Ziming , Li Qi , Yan Yabin , Gao Yang , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: October 2023

Crack-based flexible strain sensor generally shows significantly high sensitivity due to crack propagation induced conductive path reduction during stretching. To quantitatively analyze the relationship among strain, crack density, and device sensitivity, an electro-mechanical mathematical model is developed for investigating the performance of a carbon nanotube-silicon oxide/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT-SiOx/PDMS) based crack strain sensor. Strength and energy criteria are used to predict the crack density for SiOx/PDMS under different strains. The results are utilized with the probability distribution based cellular automata method to determine the crack distribution for further electrical analysis, which is related to the conductive and non-conductive classification of elements. Finally, the potential distribution for whole elements is calculated, leading to the investigation of sensitivity toward the CNT-SiOx/PDMS based strain sensor. The maximum predicted crack density of the SiOx/PDMS can reach 41.36 × 10−3 μm−1 under 60% tensile strain with a deviation of 5.23% compared to the experimental data. Correspondingly, the maximum predicted sensitivity of the device can reach 512.81 at a SiOx thickness of 3.93 μm, with the deviation of 9.25%. Based on the predicted results, it can be concluded that crack density affects the distribution and quantity of conductive elements. When stress is applied to the device, the crack density increases, and the conductive elements located in the crack area undergo a disconnection process, resulting a significant reduction in the conductive path and a rapid increase in sensitivity for strain sensor.
Auto-balancing bridge based wide impedance spectrum measurement with consideration of Op-Amp input impedance
Authors: Cai Yuxiong , Wang Xuanze , Yu Xin , Zhao Hang , Zhai Zhongsheng , Wang Haowei
Published: October 2023

In an auto-balancing bridge for high impedance measurements, an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) is used to follow the intermediate potential. However, the input impedance of the Op-Amp introduces significant effects in high impedance measurements. This paper proposes a two-step excitation method (TSEM) and an incremental iterative method (IIM). The TSEM determines the magnitude of the Op-Amp input impedance and the initial value of the device under test. The IIM utilizes the TSEM results as initial conditions to quickly bring the bridge to equilibrium. To overcome the distortion issues associated with small amplitude excitation signals generated by the DAC under low resolution conditions, a programmable gain amplifier is designed. Additionally, a half-cycle difference algorithm is developed prior to the three-parameter sine fit to mitigate low-frequency direct-current drift caused by power frequency, thus improving measurement accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that when the reference impedance is set to 1 MΩ, impedance measurements ranging from 1 kΩ to 100 MΩ can be achieved within the frequency range of 1 to 100 kHz. The precision evaluation reveals a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the modulus better than 0.384% and a standard deviation (SD) of the phase angle better than 3.49 mrad; especially for the impedance under test of 1 MΩ, the RSD is better than 0.006% and the SD is better than 0.1 mrad.
Distribution characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid swirling flow field in a vane-type separator
Authors: Yang Lele , Chen Yaoyao , Yao Lan , Jing Fengmei
Published: October 2023

Most of the fluids encountered in the oil and gas exploitation process exhibit non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, which presents new challenges for the treatment of produced liquid. In this paper, the Eulerian multiphase model and the power law model were coupled to simulate the distribution characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid swirling flow fields in a vane-type separator. Larger oil droplets are able to migrate to the pipe center at relatively weak vortex intensities, which helps to accelerate the formation of the oil core. Due to the rapid decay of the vortex strength, the tangential velocity of the oil droplets drops more rapidly than that of the axial component, thereby reducing the axial energy loss. As the volume fractions of inlet oil increase, the oil core becomes more pronounced, but the convergence of the oil phase gets worse. During the migration, the interaction between dense oil droplets increases the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid and decreases the tangential velocity, leading to a maximum apparent viscosity at the center of the pipe. A higher vortex intensity tends to stabilize the vortex core, whilst higher flow velocities, which increases rotational velocities at the exit of the deflection section, deforms the vortex more severely. Moreover, higher inlet flow velocities contribute to better convergence of the oil cores. All these factors are important to better understand the smooth characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids and to provide a theoretical basis for future design and optimization of efficient separators.
Lagrangian investigation of the interface dynamics in single-mode Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Zhao Dongxiao , Xiao Lanlan , Aluie Hussein , Wei Ping , Lin Chensen
Published: October 2023

We apply Lagrangian particle tracking to the two-dimensional single-mode Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability to study the dynamical evolution of fluid interface. At the onset of the nonlinear RT stage, we select three ensembles of tracer particles located at the bubble tip, at the spike tip, and inside the spiral of the mushroom structure, which cover most of the interfacial region as the instability develops. Conditional statistics performed on the three sets of particles and over different RT evolution stages, such as the trajectory curvature, velocity, and acceleration, reveals the temporal and spatial flow patterns characterizing the single-mode RT growth. The probability density functions of tracer particle velocity and trajectory curvature exhibit scalings compatible with local flow topology, such as the swirling motion of the spiral particles. Large-scale anisotropy of RT interfacial flows, measured by the ratio of horizontal to vertical kinetic energy, also varies for different particle ensembles arising from the differing evolution patterns of the particle acceleration. In addition, we provide direct evidence to connect the RT bubble re-acceleration to its interaction with the transported fluid from the spike side, due to the shear driven Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Furthermore, we reveal that the secondary RT instability inside the spiral, which destabilizes the spiraling motion and induces complex flow structures, is generated by the centrifugal acceleration.
A deep learning framework for aerodynamic pressure prediction on general three-dimensional configurations
Authors: Shen Yang , Huang Wei , Wang Zhen-guo , Xu Da-fu , Liu Chao-Yang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a deep learning framework is proposed for predicting aerodynamic pressure distributions in general three-dimensional configurations. Based on the PointNet++ structure, the proposed framework extracts shape features based on the geometric representation of point cloud, outputs pressure coefficients corresponding to locations, and is able to accept inputs of point clouds with different resolutions. By PointNet++, we mean that local and global features of three-dimensional configurations could be effectively extracted through a multi-level feature extraction structure. A parametric approach is utilized to generate 2000 different space shuttle three-dimensional shapes, and their flows at the hypersonic speed are solved by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a dataset to support the training of the deep learning. Within the dataset, accurate predictions of pressure and aerodynamic forces are demonstrated for 400 unseen testing shapes. Out of the dataset, geometries that are tested for generalizability include slender, waverider, spaceplane, Apollo capsule, lifting body, and rocket. Remarkably, the framework is capable of predicting pressure distributions and aerodynamic forces for the unseen, independently designed geometries of various types in near-real-time and near-CFD accuracy, proving its excellent applicability to general three-dimensional configurations.
Twist-induced non-Hermitian skin effect in optical waveguide arrays
Authors: Jiang Chuang , Liu Yang , Li Xiaohong , Song Yiling , Ke Shaolin
Published: October 2023

A non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) dramatically localizes bulk modes at open boundaries, leading to fascinating eigenvalue and wavefunction topologies. However, realizing NHSE typically requires non-reciprocal couplings, which many photonic systems cannot provide. Here, we propose an approach using twisted optical waveguide arrays. The twisting introduces geometrical phase in photon coupling process, effectively acting as artificial gauge fields for photons. By constructing a dissipative Aharonov–Bohm chain of twisted lattices, we achieve NHSE by combining these artificial gauge fields with dissipation. We can control the localization strength and direction of skin modes by tuning the twist. Additionally, we characterize the topological edge modes using Majorana's stellar representation and further propose twisted spectral winding with bipolar NHSE in a trapezoidal lattice. Our work offers an alternative avenue to realize eigenvalue topology and control light localization and transport.
Paternal determinants of early embryo development
Authors: Lockhart Kelsey N. , Fallon Lindsey C. , Ortega M. Sofia
Published: October 2023

Existing research has primarily focused on investigating the impacts of the maternal environment, female fertility phenotype, and genetics on pregnancy loss in dairy cattle. Recently, attention has been directed toward understanding the role the sire has on embryo quality and viability. Studies have shown there is a paternal influence on early pregnancy loss, but the specific mechanisms impacting pregnancy establishment and maintenance remain unclear. Despite clear differences that sires have on pregnancy outcomes, there is a lack of evidence regarding specifically how sires influence pregnancy. Sperm characteristics, such as motility, concentration, and morphology, have been extensively studied, but further research is needed to understand what makes one sire more or less fertile than another sire and how this affects pregnancy. To effectively address pregnancy loss, a deeper understanding of the processes involved from fertilisation to blastocyst formation is essential, particularly for understanding early pregnancy loss.
Different roles of response covariability and its attentional modulation in the sensory cortex and posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Jiang Yong , He Sheng , Zhang Jiedong
Published: October 2023

The covariability of neural responses in the neuron population is highly relevant to the information encoding. Cognitive processes, such as attention, are found to modulate the covariability in the visual cortex to improve information encoding, suggesting the computational advantage of covariability modulation in the neural system. However, is the covariability modulation a general mechanism for enhanced information encoding throughout the information processing pathway, or only adopted in certain processing stages, depending on the property of neural representation? Here, with ultrahigh-field MRI, we examined the covariability, which was estimated by noise correlation, in different attention states in the early visual cortex and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the human brain, and its relationship to the quality of information encoding. Our results showed that while attention decreased the covariability to improve the stimulus encoding in the early visual cortex, covariability modulation was not observed in the PPC, where covariability had little impact on information encoding. Further, attention promoted the information flow between the early visual cortex and PPC, with an apparent emphasis on a flow from high- to low-dimensional representations, suggesting the existence of a reduction in the dimensionality of neural representation from the early visual cortex to PPC. Finally, the neural response patterns in the PPC could predict the amplitudes of covariability change in the early visual cortex, indicating a top–down control from the PPC to early visual cortex. Our findings reveal the specific roles of the sensory cortex and PPC during attentional modulation of covariability, determined by the complexity and fidelity of the neural representation in each cortical region.
Impairment of serine transport across the blood–brain barrier by deletion of Slc38a5 causes developmental delay and motor dysfunction
Authors: Radzishevsky Inna , Odeh Maali , Bodner Oded , Zubedat Salman , Shaulov Lihi , Litvak Maxim , Esaki Kayoko , Yoshikawa Takeo , Agranovich Bella , Li Wen-Hong , Radzishevsky Alex , Gottlieb Eyal , Avital Avi , Wolosker Herman
Published: October 2023

Brain L-serine is critical for neurodevelopment and is thought to be synthesized solely from glucose. In contrast, we found that the influx of L-serine across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for brain development. We identified the endothelial Slc38a5, previously thought to be a glutamine transporter, as an L-serine transporter expressed at the BBB in early postnatal life. Young Slc38a5 knockout (KO) mice exhibit developmental alterations and a decrease in brain L-serine and D-serine, without changes in serum or liver amino acids. Slc38a5-KO brains exhibit accumulation of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids, synaptic and mitochondrial abnormalities, and decreased neurogenesis at the dentate gyrus. Slc38a5-KO pups exhibit motor impairments that are affected by the administration of L-serine at concentrations that replenish the serine pool in the brain. Our results highlight a critical role of Slc38a5 in supplying L-serine via the BBB for proper brain development.
Miocene surface uplift and orogenic evolution of the southern Andean Plateau (central Puna), northwestern Argentina
Authors: Pingel Heiko , Alonso Ricardo N. , Bookhagen Bodo , Cottle John M. , Mulch Andreas , Rohrmann Alexander , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: October 2023

We present stable hydrogen-isotope analyses of volcanic glass (δDg) and radiometric ages (U–Pb zircon, U–Th calcite, AMS14C) from deformed sedimentary deposits in the vicinity of the intermontane Pocitos Basin in the central Puna of the Andean Plateau at about 24.5°S. Our results demonstrate 2-km surface uplift since the middle to late Miocene and protracted shortening that persists until the present day, while other sectors of the Puna show evidence for tectonically neutral and/or extensional settings. These findings are at odds with previous studies suggesting near-modern elevations (4 km) of the Puna Plateau since the late Eocene and formation of the intermontane Miocene Arizaro-Pocitos Basin associated with gravitational foundering of a dense lithosphere. Geophysical and geochemical data support the removal of continental lithosphere beneath the Puna, but the timing and mechanisms by which this removal occurs have remained controversial. We hypothesize that intermontane basin formation in the central Puna is the result of crustal shortening since about 20 Ma, followed by rapid surface uplift, likely related to lithospheric delamination.
Microscopic defect dynamics during a brittle-to-ductile transition
Authors: O’Ghaffari Hoagy , Peč Matěj , Mittal Tushar , Mok Ulrich , Chang Hilary , Evans Brian
Published: October 2023

Deformation of all materials necessitates the collective propagation of various microscopic defects. On Earth, fracturing gives way to crystal-plastic deformation with increasing depth resulting in a “brittle-to-ductile” transition (BDT) region that is key for estimating the integrated strength of tectonic plates, constraining the earthquake cycle, and utilizing deep geothermal resources. Here, we show that the crossing of a BDT in marble during deformation experiments in the laboratory is accompanied by systematic increase in the frequency of acoustic emissions suggesting a profound change in the mean size and propagation velocity of the active defects. We further identify dominant classes of emitted waveforms using unsupervised learning methods and show that their relative activity systematically changes as the rocks cross the brittle–ductile transition. As pressure increases, long-period signals are suppressed and short-period signals become dominant. At higher pressures, signals frequently come in avalanche-like patterns. We propose that these classes of waveforms correlate with individual dominant defect types. Complex mixed-mode events indicate that interactions between the defects are common over the whole pressure range, in agreement with postmortem microstructural observations. Our measurements provide unique, real-time data of microscale dynamics over a broad range of pressures (10 to 200 MPa) and can inform micromechanical models for semi-brittle deformation.
The “double jeopardy” of midlife and old age mortality trends in the United States
Authors: Abrams Leah R. , Myrskylä Mikko , Mehta Neil K.
Published: October 2023

Since 2010, US life expectancy growth has stagnated. Much research on US mortality has focused on working-age adults given adverse trends in drug overdose deaths, other external causes of death, and cardiometabolic deaths in midlife. We show that the adverse mortality trend at retirement ages (65+ y) has in fact been more consequential to the US life expectancy stagnation since 2010, as well as excess deaths and years of life lost in 2019, than adverse mortality trends at working ages. These results reveal that the United States is experiencing a “double jeopardy” that is driven by both mid-life and older-age mortality trends, but more so by older-age mortality. Understanding and addressing the causes behind the worsening mortality trend in older ages will be essential to returning to the pace of life expectancy improvements that the United States had experienced for decades.
The inverse frequency effect
Authors: Temperley David
Published: October 2023

Rare syntactic constructions show an especially strong tendency to be repeated, but some rare constructions
exhibit this tendency much more strongly than others. The reasons for this variation are not well understood. This exploratory
study examines five rare noun-phrase (NP) expansions in English:  (the rich),
 (a Bob Gates), <Nsing
Nprop Nprop> (architect Julia Morgan),
(the jobs data), and  (home electronic
equipment). Repetition tendencies are very strong in the first and second of these and somewhat strong in the third; in
the fourth and fifth they are much weaker, only slightly higher than those of common NP expansions such as <D A
Nsing> (the black dog). To explain this variation, we suggest that constructions may be
associated with different types of discourse: constructions with high repetition tendencies tend to occur in persuasive rather
than informative discourse.
Investigation of keyhole behaviour and its impact on the performance of laser beam oscillating welding through imaging and acoustic signal analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Chen Bo , Tan Caiwang , Song Xiaoguo , Zhao Hongyun
Published: October 2023

As an emerging laser welding optimisation technique, beam oscillation still lacks detailed investigation into its underlying process mechanisms. This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316LN welded joints under four oscillation modes, the results demonstrate that beam oscillation can suppress columnar grain growth and reduce porosity defects, thereby enhancing weld formation and mechanical properties. Building upon these findings, visual and acoustic sensing techniques are employed to analyse dynamic features of keyholes and energy distribution. The correlation between keyhole geometric features and porosity propensity across different oscillation modes is elucidated through visual information. Additionally, the time and frequency domain features of the acoustic signals effectively characterise the stability of the welding process and laser energy absorption efficiency.
Viscosity and diffusion in life processes and tuning of fundamental constants
Authors: Trachenko K
Published: October 2023

Viewed as one of the grandest questions in modern science, understanding fundamental physical constants has been discussed in high-energy particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Here, I review how condensed matter and liquid physics gives new insights into fundamental constants and their tuning. This is based on two observations: first, cellular life and the existence of observers depend on viscosity and diffusion. Second, the lower bound on viscosity and upper bound on diffusion are set by fundamental constants, and I briefly review this result and related recent developments in liquid physics. I will subsequently show that bounds on viscosity, diffusion and the newly introduced fundamental velocity gradient in a biochemical machine can all be varied while keeping the fine-structure constant and the proton-to-electron mass ratio intact. This implies that it is possible to produce heavy elements in stars but have a viscous planet where all liquids have very high viscosity (for example that of tar or higher) and where life may not exist. Knowing the range of bio-friendly viscosity and diffusion, we will be able to calculate the range of fundamental constants which favour cellular life and observers and compare this tuning with that discussed in high-energy physics previously. This invites an inter-disciplinary research between condensed matter physics and life sciences, and I formulate several questions that life science can address. I finish with a conjecture of multiple tuning and an evolutionary mechanism.
Analogous piezoelectric network for multimodal vibration attenuation of a thin circular ring
Authors: Luo Alan , Lossouarn Boris , Erturk Alper
Published: October 2023

Structural vibrations can be reduced by coupling to a piezoelectric electrical network that exhibits analogous modal properties of the structure. This paper considers the multimodal vibration damping of a thin circular ring using this method. The electrical network is derived by applying a finite difference model to the governing equations of motion for a segment of a thin curved beam. An electromechanical analogy is then applied to the physical constants. The resulting passive electrical network unit cell is a topology of capacitors, inductors, and transformers analogous to the dynamics of a segment of curved beam. The electrical network for a curved beam is simplified by considering an inextensional assumption and combining edge components in adjacent unit cells. The resulting simplified discrete network for a curved beam segment is assembled into a complete network for a circular ring. The electrical network for a circular ring displays modal properties similar to its mechanical analogue in both the spatial and frequency domains. As a result of the analogous modal properties across the frequency spectrum, it is shown that the network can be used to achieve multimodal vibration attenuation across a large frequency spectrum. Piezoelectric patches are used to couple the two domains. Numerical simulation of the coupled system demonstrates the effectiveness of the broadband damping effects from the analogous network. Notably, this research establishes a novelty in the field, as it not only introduces experimental validation of curved beam analogues, but also extends the investigation to encompass the coupling between a circular ring and its piezoelectric electrical network counterpart. Further experimental network optimization demonstrate the possibility of tuning the network to adapt to an imperfect mechanical ring.
The recoverability of network controllability with respect to node additions
Authors: Wang Fenghua , Kooij Robert E
Published: October 2023

Network controllability is a critical attribute of dynamic networked systems. Investigating methods to restore network controllability after network degradation is crucial for enhancing system resilience. In this study, we develop an analytical method based on degree distributions to estimate the minimum fraction of required driver nodes for network controllability under random node additions after the random removal of a subset of nodes. The outcomes of our method closely align with numerical simulation results for both synthetic and real-world networks. Additionally, we compare the efficacy of various node recovery strategies across directed Erdös–Rényi (ER) networks, swarm signaling networks (SSNs), and directed Barabàsi Albert (BA) networks. Our findings indicate that the most efficient recovery strategy for directed ER networks and SSNs is the greedy strategy, which considers node betweenness centrality. Similarly, for directed BA networks, the greedy strategy focusing on node degree centrality emerges as the most efficient. These strategies outperform recovery approaches based on degree centrality or betweenness centrality, as well as the strategy involving random node additions.