bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relations between bi-periodic jacobsthal and bi-periodic jacobsthal lucas sequence
Authors: UYGUN Şükran
Published: June 2021

In this paper, one of the special integer sequences, Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences which are encountered in computer science is generalized according to parity of the index of the entries of the sequences, called bi-periodic Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences. The definitions of the bi-periodic Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences are given by using classic Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences. In literature, there were some relations for the bi-periodic Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences. We find new identities for these sequences. If we substitute a=b=1 in the results, we get identities for classic Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucas sequences.
Determination and evaluation of Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni contents in wild-grown edible mushroom species from Cappadocia, Turkey
Authors: NARİN İbrahim , BİŞGİN Abdullah Taner , TÜZEN Mustafa , UÇAN Mustafa , MENDİL Durali , SOYLAK Mustafa
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations in sixteen different wild-grown edible mushroom species grown in Niğde and Nevşehir. In the sample preparation step, the samples were dried, ground and sieved by 200 meshed sieve, consecutively. The extractions of metals were conducted by acid mineralization using concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in microwave digestion unit. The determinations of metals were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Among the mushroom samples that were analyzed, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations were determined in the range of 6.7-1353, 4.7-109, 44.8-406, 0.14-6.4, 4.28-25.6 and 1.7-11.0 mg/kg, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method for metal determinations were validated by using the NIST SRM 1573a Tomato Leaves certified standard material. The obtained results were evaluated in terms of human health and compared with each other and previously reported values in the literature. In addition, the habitats of the mushroom samples were identified.
The Nakagami–Weibull distribution in modeling real-life data
Authors: ABDULLAHİ İbrahim
Published: June 2021

In this article, a four-parameter Nakagami Weibull distributions (NW) is proposed. We study a few statistical properties such as quantile function, moments, moment generating function, entropy, and order statistics have been derived. The maximum likelihood estimate is used to estimate the parameter of the NW distribution. We fit the proposed NW distribution to a real-life data set to examine its potential and flexibility. Our findings showed that the NW distribution performs much better than its competitors, with favorable comparisons to existing distributions in terms of goodness-of-fit.
Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized from Piper longum fruit extract inhibit HIF-1α/VEGF mediated angiogenesis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: İLHAN Süleyman , ÇAMLI PULAT Çisil
Published: June 2021

In the present study, biogenic silver nanoparticles (PL-AgNPs) were synthesized by using Piper longum (PL) dried fruit extract and investigated the effect of PL-AgNPs on angiogenesis and signal transduction pathway of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human prostate cancer cells. The prepared PL-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Potential cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects of PL-AgNPs were evaluated on PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. The anti-angiogenic effect was investigated via a cell migration assay. Protein and mRNA levels of key angiogenesis related molecules such as VEGF and HIF-1α were evaluated via ELISA and qRT-PCR assays. UV-vis spectroscopy showed an absorbance peak at 450 nm confirming the PL-AgNPs synthesis. Various characterization techniques revealed that the average size of synthesized PL-AgNPs was below 100 nm. The cytotoxic effect was elevated in a concentration-dependent manner (p˂0.05). The biosynthesized PL-AgNPs inhibited cell migration and reduced the levels of both protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and HIF-1α in prostate cancer cells (p˂0.05). Results revealed that the PL extract with AgNO3 nanoparticles may be a potential candidate for developing novel anticancer and antiangiogenic compounds for prostate cancer.
Examination of effects of radiation awareness on protection from radiation via structural equation modeling
Authors: SARAÇLI Sinan , ULUCAN Olcay
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the radiation awareness levels and radiation protection information of university students and to model the effects of radiation awareness levels on radiation protection information. For this purpose, a questionnaire both including the demographic features and the scale is applied to 580 university students to obtain the data set. The data set is analyzed by Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). As the results of EFA, while four dimensions for Radiation awareness are determined and they are named; Physics Knowledge, Technical Device Knowledge, Professional Knowledge and Radiation Security Knowledge respectively, Radiation protection knowledge determined in a single dimension. As well as the Physics Knowledge has the greatest effect, Radiation Security Knowledge and Technical Device Knowledge have statistically significant effects on radiation protection information of the students. Improving Physics Knowledge, Radiation Security Knowledge and Technical Device Knowledge via some extra seminars, giving theoretical and applied educations should improve radiation protection information of these students. Even if the results indicate that Professional Knowledge does not have statistically significant effect on radiation protection information, it has an indirect effect. Some improvements about this sub-factor may also improve the radiation protection information. As "entering to radiation areas needs attention" has a direct and significant effect on radiation protection information, the importance of this situation must keep its priority and theoretical and applied educations must be in progress.
In vitro cytotoxic activity of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract on different human cell lines
Authors: ÇAMLI PULAT Çisil
Published: June 2021

Spider venoms are known to have great potential for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antitumor activities due to their rich peptide content. Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract Theranekron® is a homeopathic remedy and it is frequently used in veterinary treatments. Specifically, the anti-inflammatory, antitumor and wound healing effects of Theranekron® provide a wide range of use in animal treatments. More importantly, it can reduce the growth rate of canine mammary tumors. This effect shows that Theranekron® can be a potential candidate for cancer treatment. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of Theranekron® was evaluated in four different human cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous human cell line. It was aimed to provide a foundation for further studies by conducting an in vitro screening for the cytotoxic effect of Theranekron®. Results showed that Theranekron® has a high cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cell lines. On the other hand, the rate of cytotoxicity was found to be relatively lower on human small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and human prostate cancer cell lines as compared to breast cancer cells. These results indicated that T. cubensis alcoholic extract might be utilized as an anticancer bio-therapeutic and should be further examined for its potential.
CHANGES OF THERMOCLINE DEPTH AT THE SUMBA ISLAND OFFSHORE BASED ON PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES AND ITS IMPLICATION TO EUTROPHICATION SINCE THE LAST DEGLACIATION (~18 ka BP): A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Ardi Ryan Dwi Wahyu , Aswan Aswan , Maryunani Khoiril Anwar , Yulianto Eko , Putra Purna Sulastya , Nugroho Septriono Hari
Published: June 2021

Changes of the thermocline depth (DOT) at the Sumba Island offshore are not well-known compared to the DOT changes in the Timor Sea, the main exit passage of the Indonesian Through-flow (ITF). Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in cores collected from the southwest Sumba offshore (ST08) and Sumba Strait (ST12, ST13, and ST14) were used as a tool to infer the DOT and paleoproductivity changes at the Sumba Island offshore. The DOT changes were indicated from the thermocline and mixed layer dwellers’ relative abundance while the paleoproductivity changes were indicated from the relative abundance of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. This study suggests a contrast between the DOT pattern at the Sumba Island offshore and the DOT pattern in the Timor Sea during the Last Deglaciation–Holocene. The contrast DOT pattern indicated that the multi-millennial changes of the Australian-Indonesian monsoon (AIM) during the Last Deglaciation– Holocene were the main factors behind the DOT changes in this region while the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) –like, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) –like, and ITF to DOT changes were minimal. Paleoproductivity enhancement at the Sumba Island offshore was not solely related to the monsoon-driven coastal upwelling intensification, which resulted in the DOT shoaling and eutrophic condition. The increase of nutrient availability in surface water due to river runoff increase and changes in the lifted water mass nature were also able to enhance productivity in this region.
The interaction of the Human rights ombudsman in the Russian Federation with civil society human rights institutions
Authors: Sadovnikova G. D.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes various aspects of the legal nature of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, emphasizes the versatility of its human rights activities in cooperation with public institutions. The effectiveness of such interaction is justified, including by the example of cooperation with the Scientific and Educational Center for Human Rights (REC) at the O. Е. Кутаfin University (MSLA). There are difficulties in the work of the commissioners, due to the fact that the increasing digital literacy of the population makes it relatively easy to send an appeal to the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, regional commissioners, and the capabilities of these bodies are quite limited. In this regard, some proposals are formulated. The author analyzes the possibilities for the implementation of human and civil rights and freedoms by the Commissioners with the support of civil society institutions, suggests developing such interaction in different directions, and considers the criteria for the effectiveness of the institution of commissioners, including such an indicator as interaction with civil society institutions.
The institutional aspect of protecting the rights of the indigenous small peoples of the North
Authors: Strebkova N. V.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the relevance of strengthening the mechanisms for protecting the rights of small indigenous peoples in connection with the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the experience in protecting their rights on the example of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Ugra.

The article analyzes the experience of the subjects of the Russian Federation on the formation of the institution of commissioners for the rights of indigenous peoples. It offers some legal forms of interaction of regional human rights institutions and commissioners for human rights, which operate on the territory of indigenous peoples, and the establishment of a permanent collegiate body of the Federal Commissioner for human rights, who will act in the interests of the rights of indigenous peoples of Russia and contribute to the development of regional human rights institutions.
The institution of the human rights commissioners in the subjects of the Russian Federation: problems of formation and the development prospects
Authors: Rudenko V. V.
Published: June 2021

The article critically examines the changes of federal legislation concerning the human rights commissioners in the subjects of Russian Federation adopted in 2015 and 2020 in the framework of the Venice and Parisian principles. It analyses three main trends in the development of the institution of the human rights commissioners in the subjects of the Russian Federation — ensuring their independence at the regional level, expanding of their functions and competence, and integrating them into the system of ombudsmen in Russia. The author draws attention to the potential of this institution to promote the rule of law in Russia. The article concludes that changes in federal legislations have indicated the institualisation of the human rights commissioners at the regional level in Russia, have increased the authority of this post in the subjects of Russian Federation and have given a new impetus to development of this institute.
Ombudsmen in the field of local government: the experience of legal regulation and activities in the Anglo-Saxon States
Authors: Larichev A. A.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the experience of legal regulation and the activities of ombudsman offices in the field of local government in the Anglo-Saxon states. The author notes that institutionally this mechanism depends on the form of state structure, functioning either at the national or regional level, although recently the offices of the municipal ombudsman, have also been appearing. The request for the development of the ombudsman's control over municipal institutions is determined, inter alia, by the peculiarities of the corporate model of local government, which increases the opacity of the activities of municipal bodies. The author singles out a number of specific features of the Anglo-Saxon experience in the area under consideration, concerning primarily the functional component of the ombudsman's status, which are of interest for further study and possible reception.
Implementation of the principles of open government within the ombudsmen's activity (foreign practices)
Authors: Kalinina E. G.
Published: June 2021

In many states, the implementation of the principles of open government is defined as the current common trend and political challenge since it includes the procedure of administrative reform, revising the regulations for public officials for better trust between the government and society. Pursuing the mechanism of open government, states adopt national plans, introduce specialized bodies, although often the process of implementing the principles of public administration and control over this process is entrusted directly to the bodies — participants in the experiment. At the same time, ombudsman institutions, which are represented in many countries, has all the initial prerequisites to play an essential role in the open government. The mission that ombudsmen can complete in open government is twofold. On the one hand, as an institutional entity within the state, ombudsman can apply all the principles of open government in his activities, which as close as possible to the philosophy of the principles of openness, transparency, accountability. In this case, ombudsman can serve as a testing ground or an example of the successful implementation of principles for other bodies in the state. On the other hand, ombudsman, by virtue of their direct powers, is entitled to monitor problems in public administration and participate in the implementation of administrative reform. The article describes the foreign practices of involving ombudsmen in open government process.
Search for the optimal model of the national preventive mechanism for the Russian Federation (results of a comparative legal study of the legislation of foreign states)
Authors: Sabaeva S. V. , Gulyaev D. E.
Published: June 2021

The National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) is a unified system for monitoring the observance of human rights in places of detention, the system complies with international standards. In each State, the National Preventive Mechanism has its own characteristics. The article presents the results of a comparative legal study of the legislation of foreign states that have created the National Preventive Mechanism. Based on these results, identifies and analyzes three existing models of the National Preventive Mechanism in the world, identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and describes in detail all modifications of these models. The scientific work substantiates the author's position that the empowerment of National Preventive Mechanism functions to several decentralized bodies coordinated by one of them is optimal for the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the need to include in the National Preventive Mechanism of Russia an independent, regular and preventive public control over the observance of human rights in places of detention.
Protection of property rights by the ombudsman in the Russian Federation: improving approaches
Authors: Drozdov A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the protection of property rights by the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation. The author believes that the activities of the Commissioner contribute to the development of the institution of property in Russia. The text reveals the constitutional content and significance of the inviolability of property for the legal system of the state and the development of the rule of law. The author concludes that the relevant protection should be carried out in strict compliance with the principle of maintaining a balance of private and public interests, and in order to improve approaches to protection, it is necessary to consider the interpretation of this principle given by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights. In support of these conclusions, the author reveals the corresponding approaches to the interpretation of the protection of property rights of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights.
Incertidumbres en las intervenciones en el patrimonio ediﬁcado. Conﬂictos permanentes
Authors: Cabrera García Víctor Manuel
Published: June 2021

Actualmente existe un extenso número de edificios históricos que hemos heredado de sociedades anteriores a la nuestra y que han quedado en desuso debido principalmente a los cambios sociales y del modelo económico de nuestra sociedad respecto a las anteriores, lo que ha supuesto en numerosas ocasiones la obsolescencia de los edificios heredados y el abandono de estos, facilitando la aparición de la ruina funcional y, por consiguiente, su desaparición. Es necesario convertir el patrimonio edificado heredado en un recurso activo ya que abandonado, inactivo o en ruinas no sirve de nada. La sociedad actual debe de encontrar un equilibrio entre el aprovechamiento social y económico de los edificios históricos que hemos heredado de sociedades anteriores a la nuestra para legarlos con garantías de conservación para el disfrute de las generaciones futuras.
Perspectiva y convención: la evolución de la representación artística del espacio hasta el siglo XVIII
Authors: Soriano-Colchero Jose-Antonio
Published: June 2021

En este artículo estudiamos las diferentes estrategias que han tenido lugar -desde los inicios de la expresión plástica del ser humano hasta finales del siglo XVIII-, para la representación gráfica y pictórica del espacio, en función de los principales estudios que dieran una base teórica para su fundamentación. Evidenciamos la relevancia de los conocimientos en matemática y óptica para el desarrollo de la representación espacial desde la Antigüedad, a pesar de no existir un sistema de re-presentación considerado como objetivo hasta el Renacimiento. Partiendo de los estudios de autores como Euclides, Vitruvio, Alhacén, Galileo, Descartes y Kircher entre otros, hemos desarrollado un análisis teórico – crítico sobre las causas, connotaciones, posibilidades plásticas y consecuencias de las diferentes metodologías empleadas para la representación espacial, destacando la perspectiva ar-tificialis como centro de la investigación. De esta forma comprobamos el desarrollo de las relaciones existentes entre la conceptualización del espacio y la representación del mismo como convención.
Anne Marie Adèle Caussin, (1831-1921). Coleccionismo y mecenazgo en París durante el Segundo Imperio
Authors: García-Rancaño Avelino Fernández
Published: June 2021

Nacida en el seno de una familia modesta en la localidad francesa de Commercy, Adèle Caussin  llegó a disponer de una posición social que le permitió reunir una de las mayores colecciones de pintura del último tercio del siglo XIX en Francia alcanzando gran notoriedad, sobre todo, al adquirir en 1870 “La Vicaría” de Mariano Fortuny en su primera venta en la Sala Goupil de París por 70.000 francos. A pesar de que la historiografía ha preferido señalar un perfil de carácter frívolo, se ha podido acceder a documentación inédita que nos permite conocer  la verdadera personalidad de la marquesa, su labor humanitaria, su gran conocimiento en materia de pintura y su relación con lo más granado de los pintores de la época. Corrobora esta nueva versión de Mme. Caussin el epistolario inédito de la marquesa formado por un corpus de más de cien cartas que han podido rescatarse.
La dulce mirada: kitsch e iconofagia en un grupo de fanales religiosos del Museo La Merced
Authors: Jiménez Osorio Lily Estefanía
Published: June 2021

Este ensayo discute tanto el sentido religioso como estético de los fanales del Museo de la Merced, ubicado en Santiago de Chile. Los fanales son conjuntos de objetos contenidos bajo una cúpula de cristal que tienen en el centro una pequeña talla del Niño Dios. Su constitución y creación se ha realizado en distintos momentos históricos, siendo las tallas originales del siglo XVIII, los decorados y cúpulas propias del siglo XIX. A través de una observación y examen detallados de los materiales y objetos de tres ejemplares, sostengo que el fanal permite una doble mirada, religiosa y estética, que tensiona su sentido visual desde lo afectivo, oscilando entre lo “kitsch” y lo iconofágico, dos comportamientos de las imágenes propios de la época en que son producidos (finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX).
How computer assisted language learning literacy is conceptualized in research? The road thus far
Authors: Nami Fatemeh
Published: June 2021

For effective integration of any tool including digital technologies into their daily practices of teaching, language teachers need to develop their understanding of such technologies and develop their pedagogical knowledge to draw on them. In other words, they require relevant computer assisted language learning (CALL) literacy. While research on professional, technical, and digital literacies is growing, CALL literacy has not been adequately addressed in second and foreign language learning research. The present article features a comprehensive review of literature on the concept of digital and CALL literacy and offers implications for research in this regard.
Non-Native Teachers Investigating New Englishes
Authors: Krajka Jaroslaw
Published: June 2021

While teacher-as-methodology-researcher paradigm in the area of methodology is quite firmly established, teacher-as-language-researcher is less common, especially in teacher training programmes. Much less emphasis is placed on equipping teachers (especially non-natives) with skills of language analysis, hypothesis posing, data retrieval and analysis. The use of ready-made language corpora in preparing classroom data and creating materials is still inadequately covered in teacher training programmes, let alone putting future teachers in the shoes of linguistic researchers observing the changing face of English.
The purpose of this paper is to present a case for promoting teacher-as-language-researcher attitudes in the graduate teacher training programme. A case study is presented, in which student teachers were gradually introduced into New Englishes, through existing corpora, text retrieval and compilation, and — finally — do-it-yourself concordancing. The data from questionnaires and teacher diaries will illuminate upon the viability of self-made corpus compilations as a part of 21st century digital literacy.
Impact of virtual vs. face-to-face learning on 21st-century skills among pre-service bilingual teachers
Authors: Gómez-Parra María-Elena
Published: June 2021

The so-called ‘twenty-first century skills’ (Dudeney, Hockly and Pegrum, 2014) have been identified as essential literacies for the young generation, who must use creativity and innovation, collaboration and teamwork, critical thinking, problem-solving, autonomy, flexibility and lifelong learning to function effectively. Bilingual pre-service teachers are entitled to develop these skills for both their own education and that of their future students (Savage and Barnett, 2015). This research will analyse the opinions of 45 bilingual pre-service teachers on the development of their twenty-first century skills through either online or face-to-face teaching. Quantitative and qualitative data will be scrutinized under a mixed-methods research, which will throw light on how participants think such skills are better developed. Findings will show that teacher students think that some of these skills are better developed under a face-to-face modality of learning (e.g. teamwork and collaboration), whereas others (e.g. autonomy and innovation) evolve better under an online framework of learning. Twenty-first century literacies push the educational boundaries of bilingual teachers as they are entitled to have a repertoire of communication skills that make us, teacher educators, pursue academic rigour regarding our own teaching and updated training.
Learning Spanish as a foreign language through Music
Authors: Pérez-Carmona José Luis , Vicente-Bújez Alejandro , Díaz-Mohedo María Teresa , Ortega-Martín José Luis
Published: June 2021

Music has multiple characteristics that make it an ideal tool for teaching and learning languages. Although some research has been done on this subject, there are still many areas to explore. This quantitative research presents survey data from 178 students of Spanish as a Foreign Language to better understand how adult learners use music and other media in their practice of Spanish. Non-parametric statistical tests were carried out. Data showed participants used music more frequently than other media as a means to practice Spanish outside of the classroom, despite having difficulties understanding the lyrics. Also, musical training was found to be an indicator of a higher level of lyrical comprehension. It was concluded that the growing popularity of Spanish language music, changes in music consumption, and the democratization of listening platforms— along with the ability that songs have to generate well-being and to create links, as well as to represent the target culture—were decisive factors in the use of songs in the learning of Spanish as a foreign language.
From the Batlló House to the Capitol Bulding. The Interaction Between Furniture and Architecture in Spain in the First Third of the 20th Century
Authors: Abelleira Doldán Miguel
Published: June 2021

Throughout history, each human activity has been demanding and building a specific furniture according to it. But it is arranged in a specific space, forming environmental conditions that must guarantee the appropriate response on each occasion. Sometimes there is a clear link between the two, especially in those cases in which both container and content have been devised unitarily, combining design decisions on the building and object scales. The different degrees of the interrelation between architecture and furniture will be exposed in the study of various cases, all of them carried out in Spain during the first third of the 20th century, whose temporal extremes are the Casa Batlló and the Capitol Building. The various modes of involvement and attribution of belonging to the different artistic movements developed in that period will also be shown.
El mueble de laca española. Conexiones con Europa y Asia
Authors: Ordóñez Goded Cristina
Published: June 2021

La laca española, también denominada charol[i] es una técnica decorativa que, como el resto de las lacas europeas, trataba de emular a las orientales. Entre las obras que con mayor frecuencia se decoraban con charol se encontraban los muebles. En este artículo se expondrán algunas de las características del mueble de charol y sus conexiones, tanto con el mobiliario lacado de otros países europeos como con las lacas asiáticas. Con ello se pretende contribuir a la difusión del conocimiento de esta parcela artística española tan peculiar como escasamente transitada.

 

 

Notas

[i] En España esta acepción, junto a otros muchos apelativos, valía asimismo para designar las lacas de otros contextos geográficos.
El mobiliario de la casa Milà: una microaquitectura de Gaudí
Authors: Fondevila Guinart Mariangels , Ribó Arnau Carles
Published: June 2021

Meses antes del estallido de la pandemia el Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (Barcelona) ingresó un mobiliario arquitectónico de Antoni Gaudí procedente del principal de la casa Milà (popularmente conocida como La Pedrera) gracias al depósito de la Fundación Junta Constructora de la Sagrada Familia. Este conjunto ha enriquecido las colecciones de Gaudí y el Modernismo con una nueva tipología de interiorismo o micro arquitectura. Los técnicos que formamos parte de la institución nos enfrentamos, de manera coral, al reto de presentarlo de nuevo de la manera más honesta y acorde a su naturaleza. Lo primero que observamos es que no ha llegado completo pues algunos elementos se han localizado en los fondos del Museu del Disseny de Barcelona a raíz de un reciente depósito de la Cátedra Gaudí. Nuestra propuesta es analizarlo en profundidad y dar respuesta a una serie de preguntas concernientes al lugar que ocupaba, los usos, su técnica constructiva, sus autores participantes, sus conexiones e indagar que otros muebles de Gaudí formaban parte de la casa Milà.
Subduction zone Calibration and teleseismic relocation of thrust zone events in the central Aleutian Islands
Authors: Fujita Kazuya , Engdahl E. R. , Sleep Norman H.
Published: June 2021

Teleseismically determined epicenters for thrust zone earthquakes in the central Aleutian Islands are systematically mislocated by about 40 km to the north relative to local network solutions. We attribute the mislocation to travel-time anomalies produced by the higher P-wave velocity in the subducting slab. These travel-time anomalies can be estimated by seismic ray tracing through a thermally modeled velocity structure for the slab. Observed teleseismic station residuals and slab travel-time anomalies computed from local network hypocenters, plotted as a function of event distance to the center of curvature of the island arc, show good agreement. This distance versus residual relationship can be used to validate the local network hypocenters and to constrain the length of subducting lithosphere. Computed slab source corrections, when incorporated in a standard location program, reduce teleseismic mislocations to 20 km; the addition of empirical station corrections reduces the mislocation to about 10 to 15 km. Depth and origin time estimates can be further improved through use of better station corrections, a local station within 2°, and depth phases.
A simple way to look at a Bayesian model for the statistics of earthquake prediction
Authors: Anderson John G.
Published: June 2021

A simple urn model is presented for earthquake prediction statistics. This model is equivalent to the Bayesian models of Collins (1977), Guagenti and Scirocco (1980), and Kijko (1981).
A numerical study of peak ground motion scaling
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Goertz Michael J.
Published: June 2021

Strong ground motion scaling relations for the Central United States cannot be obtained by applying regression analysis to the existing, sparse data base. Adaptation of the corresponding Western United States data base must be done carefully because the important problems of differences in regional anelastic attenuation, magnitude scales, and earthquake source physics still have to be resolved. Until this is done, empirical relations have to be adapted, but some test of their validity must be made. Since the Central United States data set is not a valid test, synthetic seismograms can be used to test some of the assumptions and results.

The Central United States ground motion scaling problem differs from usual experience in that the nature of ground motion scaling at distances greater than 100 km from the source is of utmost importance. Numerical techniques are used to generate SH time histories in a four layer Central United States earth model. A study of model parameters indicates that simple deductions based on the scaling of pulses are applicable to the high-frequency surface wave trains at large distances and that spatial attenuation for these waves should be of the form

R − 5 / 6 exp (−γR) .

An attempt to apply the results of the numerical study to the existing Central United States data base is not too impressive because of the limited frequency range of the synthetics and lack of detailed knowledge about earth structure in the Mississippi embayment, from which the actual data were obtained.
Aspects ofPnandPgpropagation at regional distances
Authors: Langston Charles A.
Published: June 2021

Generalized ray theory models are calculated for a moment tensor point source in two idealized structure models appropriate for the Eastern United States to study the wave propagation of regional Pn and Pg. The models are analyzed to determine useful discriminants between earthquakes and explosions. Pg is composed of multiply reflected postcritical rays trapped in the upper crustal layer. The amplitude decay with distance of Pg is found to be source dependent and may be useful as a discriminant in well-calibrated earth structures. Pg waves from dip-slip sources fall off r-0.5 to r-0.9 faster than those from isotropic and vertical strike-slip sources, where r is the horizontal distance. In conjunction with previously published refraction results and magnitude studies, it is shown that regional Pn along many profiles in eastern North America consists principally of high-amplitude turning rays rather than head waves as observed in the Western United States. These turning rays are as large or larger than the Pg phase explaining why Pg is not as commonly observed as a distinct phase in the east as compared with observations in the Western United States.
Influence of interface depth upon strong ground motion
Authors: Dravinski M.
Published: June 2021

Scattering of elastic waves by an alluvial valley of arbitrary shape is investigated. The valley, embedded into linearly elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic half-space, is subjected to incident plane harmonic wave. Surface displacement field is evaluated numerically for semi-elliptical alluvial valley and incident SH, P, SV, and Rayleigh waves for different depths of the alluvial valley. The results indicate that the interface depth might influence differently the surface displacement field for different incident waves and at different frequencies. At low frequency (Ω = 0.4) and fixed angle of incidence (θo = 30°), the surface displacement field due to SH waves is less sensitive to the increase in the interface depth compared to surface motion due to P and SV waves. At higher frequency (Ω = 1), the surface motion is very sensitive upon the change in depth of the interface.
Catalog of significant earthquakes 2000 B.C. to 1979, including quantitative casualties and damage
Authors: Ganse Robert A. , Nelson John B.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A quantitative file of earthquake casualties and damage has been assembled and is being maintained by World Data Center A. The file now existing is an expansion of a file originally created by the authors to produce the World Map of Significant Earthquakes 1900 to Present.
Reinterpretation by ray tracing of a transverse refraction seismic profile through the California Sierra Nevada, part I
Authors: Bolt Bruce A. , Gutdeutsch Rolf
Published: June 2021

abstract

This study reanalyzes a refraction seismic profile from NTS, Nevada, to San Francisco transverse to the high Sierra Nevada. Three models of the Earth's crust, with an asymmetrical mountain root, constructed by different authors are tested by the use of ray tracing: model CQM (Carer et al., 1970), with a maximum crustal thickness of 35 km centered about 50 km west of the crest of the Sierra; models A and B (Pakiser and Brune, 1980), with a mountain root extending to a depth of 55 km below the Sierra. In the latter, guided and diffracted waves are used to explain seismic Pn energy in the shadow zone of the root. The preferred model A has a high-velocity layer, dipping from west to east in the upper crust, while model B does not.

The present study demonstrates how fallacies in interpretation of complicated structures can occur if all ray types are not quantitatively traced. The influence of the P-wave gradient in the upper mantle on the length of the shadow zone is shown to be important, and it is demonstrated that a modified CQM model explains the observed travel times when diffracted waves are included. (CQM does not, however, explain why the Pn travel times on a separate refraction profile along the Sierra Nevada from a Truckee earthquake are so great.) Model B interprets the Pn signals at Δ > 200 km as diffracted waves, but the computed travel times do not fit the observations. The dipping wave guide in model A does not work as expected and perhaps should be ruled out.
Probabilistic earthquake expectancy in the northeast Indian region
Authors: Goswami H. C. , Sarmah S. K.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Gumbel's theory of extreme events has been applied to the prediction of earthquake recurrence rates in the northeast Indian region using the largest annual earthquakes occurring between 1929 and 1978, a period for which records are relatively complete. For the northeast Indian region, as a whole, the average return periods for an earthquake of magnitude 8 or greater, are found to be about 30 and 25 yr, applying Types I and III distributions, respectively. The magnitudes of the largest annual earthquakes expected to occur in 25, 50, and 100 yr for six different tectonic blocks of the region are also estimated.
Modeling focal parameters for the magnitude 5.3 earthquake of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir area, People's Republic of China
Authors: Zhu Chengnan , Liu Yuquan , Wang Chunyong , Lu Ruxi , Chen Jiande
Published: June 2021

abstract

In this paper, the “random test-motion adjustment” method was used for the adjustment of the triangulation net of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir earthquake area, China, and for the inversion of the focal parameters of the earthquake of magnitude 5.3. Retriangulation and leveling data of the earthquake area were thus processed. The estimated focal parameters of the earthquake are: strike, NE 62°; dip, SE at 59°; length of the fault, 4.7 km; depth of the upper boundary, 0.45 km; depth of the lower boundary, 4.5 km; dip-slip dislocation, 73.4 mm; strike-slip dislocation, 25.5 mm; seismic moment, Mo, 2.2 × 1024 dyne-cm; stress drop (Δσ), 12 bars; and the lower limit of the strain energy released (E) 1.2 × 1019 ergs. It was predominantly a normal fault. This paper concludes that the regional stress field provided the main force of the shock, whereas the stress field due to hydraulic pressure contributed the inducing force.
Resonant scattering by fluid-filled cavities
Authors: McMechan George A.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Interaction of seismic energy with a fluid-filled cavity results both in scattering by the cavity and in excitation of its normal modes. The normal modes contain information about the properties of the fluid that fills the cavity and its size. In the frequency domain, each mode in the cavity response can be decomposed into a sum of two spectra; the “background” scattering from an empty cavity and the resonant coupling between the fluid cavity filler and the surrounding matrix. Synthetic seismograms are computed by Fourier transformation and summing modes. The theory is applied to a water-filled crack in granite, a model for the core of Mars, and a magma chamber.
Toroidal modes of a simple laterally heterogeneous sphere
Authors: Morris Sandra P. , Geller Robert J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

Two methods which have been proposed for calculating the normal modes of laterally heterogeneous models of the Earth are first-order degenerate perturbation theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz variational procedure. The purpose of this paper is to compare these two techniques in a calculation of some low-order toroidal modes of a simple laterally heterogeneous body—a sphere consisting of two hemispheres with different elastic properties. Both methods express the eigenfunctions of the test case as linear combinations of degenerate eigenfunctions of the corresponding laterally averaged model. Our results show, however, that solutions generated by the more accurate variational technique can contain significant contributions from modes from several degenerate multiplets, whereas each solution given by first-order degenerate perturbation theory contains the effects of modes from only one degenerate multiplet. Furthermore, the variational procedure yields solutions which reflect the presence of lateral heterogeneity of odd angular order, but first-order degenerate perturbation theory does not. These differences are potentially important for free oscillation studies of realistic, laterally heterogeneous models of the Earth: our findings suggest that the Rayleigh-Ritz variational procedure, or a comparably accurate method, may be required for such work.
The optical anchor—A geophysical strainmeter
Authors: Wyatt Frand , Beckstrom Kent , Berger Jon
Published: June 2021

abstract

An instrument has been developed to monitor the horizontal displacement of near-surface monuments, so as to reduce the noise of observatory-based strain measurements. The device measures the shear strain in the upper 24 m of the earth's crust using an equal path length Michelson interferometer. The magnitude of the observations (∼50 μm) indicates that such measurements are needed to interpret the records produced by precision strainmeters.
Catalog of earthquakes felt in the eastern United States megalopolis (1850-1930)
Authors: Winkler Louis
Published: June 2021

abstract

The area covered by this catalog is the region east of the Appalachians from the southern border of Virginia to the southeast tip of New York State. For the period 1850 to 1930, a total of 191 earthquakes were felt in the area. Of these earthquakes, 39 were damaging in the area of interest with intensities V-VI to VIII. The vast majority of the historical sources used to construct the description were local newspapers.

An appendix to this catalog includes additions and expansions of earthquakes in another catalog regarding the United States before 1850.
A preliminary investigation of tsunami hazard
Authors: Lin I-Chen , Tung Chi C.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A method for determining tsunami hazard is presented using simple seismological and hydrodynamic models.

The seismological model assumes that submarine earthquakes of the dipstrike type can occur, with equal likelihood, anywhere along a well-defined straight fault and that the site under consideration lies on the perpendicular bisector of and far removed from the fault. The ground dislocation is circular in the horizontal plane, and the vertical offset is uniform. The radius of the circle and the vertical offset are related to seismic moment which is assumed to be random.

The hydrodynamic model is based on linear dispersive wave theory. It is assumed that the earth is flat, water depth constant, and ocean infinite in horizontal extent. The maximum elevation of water surface of the leading wave is related to ground motion characteristics (or seismic moment) and the distance from the site to the source.

The probability of the event that the water elevation at a site exceeds an arbitrary but specified level is then derived and computed. A sensitivity study is performed to determine the importance of various parameters.
A real-time digital seismic event detection and recording system for network applications
Authors: Michael Andrew J. , Gildea Stephen P. , Pulli Jay J.
Published: June 2021

abstract

A real-time digital seismic event detection and recording system has been developed for the MIT Seismic Network. The system has been designed specifically for an environment of low natural seismic activity and for surface stations which are often influenced by weather conditions and cultural noise. The system runs on an HP-1000 computer and can handle up to 16 channels of short- and long-period data. The structure of the system centers around the event detectors, one for short-period data and one for long-period data. These detectors base their decisions on a metric computed from the Walsh transform of the data. This allows them to detect changes in the amplitude of the waveform as well as frequency shifts. Detections at several stations are correlated to prevent glitches from triggering the detector. Present operation successfully saves those events that are large enough for analysis and leaves 23 of the computer available for general timesharing use.
PENGGUNAAN ARSIP FILM PROPAGANDA ROMUSHA MASA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR SE-JARAH PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Sofansyah Dio Yulian
Published: June 2021

With regard to content about the Japanese occupation in history lectures in universities, most of the available material is in textual form, especially in history textbooks. Meanwhile, there is an abundance of archival videos available about this topic that could be used as media or learning materials in classroom learning. This research aims to offer some ideas in using the propaganda films produced during the Japanese occupation as alternative learning material. By doing so, resources learners are expected to realize the teaching and learning process to be varied, fun, easy to understand, able to stimulate imagination, share events that previously abstract in a short time and can bring learners through space and time indirectly because the film media in accordance with the material, needs and objectives proses teaching and learning.
PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH LOKAL PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (STUDI KASUS DI SMA N 1 DAN SMA N 8 PONTIANAK)
Authors: Firmansyah Andang
Published: June 2021

History learning should prioritize local wisdom values that grow in their respective communities. This is, so that future generations do not lose their identity and pride in their region. In learning local history, the next generation must know and understand what happened in the past in their society. This causes future generations to learn from their predecessors and be able to take local wisdom values. Therefore, local history material in history learning in senior high schools is vital. This study aimed to determine the use of local historical sources, teacher preparation in learning, the delivery process, and students' understanding of history learning. The form of this research is qualitative with a research strategy using case studies. The results showed that SMA N 1 Pontianak was better at utilizing local historical sources. This is because the quality of teachers and supporting facilities are of high quality. The SMA N 1 learning implementation plan at the design stage has also included local history materials. Then the delivery process in both schools shows that the teachers are good enough and creative and adjust to each school's conditions. Then the understanding of students in both schools to learn local history is good enough. This is due to students' interest in these materials.