bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glass/glass photovoltaic module reliability and degradation: a review
Authors: Sinha Archana , Sulas-Kern Dana B , Owen-Bellini Michael , Spinella Laura , Uličná Soňa , Ayala Pelaez Silvana , Johnston Steve , Schelhas Laura T
Published: July 2021

Glass/glass (G/G) photovoltaic (PV) module construction is quickly rising in popularity due to increased demand for bifacial PV modules, with additional applications for thin-film and building-integrated PV technologies. G/G modules are expected to withstand harsh environmental conditions and extend the installed module lifespan to greater than 30 years compared to conventional glass/backsheet (G/B) modules. With the rapid growth of G/G deployment, understanding the outdoor performance, degradation, and reliability of this PV module construction becomes highly valuable. In this review, we present the history of G/G modules that have existed in the field for the past 20 years, their subsequent reliability issues under different climates, and methods for accelerated testing and characterization of both cells and packaging materials. We highlight some general trends of G/G modules, such as greater degradation when using poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) encapsulants, causing the industry to move toward polyolefin-based encapsulants. Transparent backsheets have also been introduced as an alternative to the rear glass for decreasing the module weight and aiding the effusion of trapped gaseous degradation products in the laminate. New amendments to IEC 61215 standard protocols for G/G bifacial modules have also been proposed so that the rear side power generation and UV exposure will be standardized. We further summarize a suite of destructive and non-destructive characterization techniques, such as current–voltage scans, module electro-optical imaging, adhesion tests, nanoscale structural/chemical investigation, and forensic analysis, to provide deeper insights into the fundamental properties of the module materials degradation and how it can be monitored in the G/G construction. This will set the groundwork for future research and product development.
A FeFET with a novel MFMFIS gate stack: towards energy-efficient and ultrafast NVMs for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Ali Tarek , Mertens Konstantin , Kühnel Kati , Rudolph Matthias , Oehler Sebastian , Lehninger David , Müller Franz , Revello Ricardo , Hoffmann Raik , Zimmermann Katrin , Kämpfe Thomas , Czernohorsky Malte , Seidel Konrad , Van Houdt Jan , Eng Lukas M
Published: July 2021

The discovery of ferroelectricity in the fluorite structure based hafnium oxide (HfO2) material sparked major efforts for reviving the ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) memory concept. A Novel metal-ferroelectric-metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFMFIS) FeFET memory is reported based on dual ferroelectric integration as an MFM and MFIS in a single gate stack using Si-doped Hafnium oxide (HSO) ferroelectric (FE) material. The MFMFIS top and bottom electrode contacts, dual HSO based ferroelectric layers, and tailored MFM to MFIS area ratio (AR-TB) provide a flexible stack structure tuning for improving the FeFET performance. The AR-TB tuning shows a tradeoff between the MFM voltage increase and the weaker FET Si channel inversion, particularly notable in the drain saturation current I

D(sat) when the AR-TB ratio decreases. Dual HSO ferroelectric layer integration enables a maximized memory window (MW) and dynamic control of its size by tuning the MFM to MFIS switching contribution through the AR-TB change. The stack structure control via the AR-TB tuning shows further merits in terms of a low voltage switching for a saturated MW size, an extremely linear at wide dynamic range of the current update, as well as high symmetry in the long term synaptic potentiation and depression. The MFMFIS stack reliability is reported in terms of the switching variability, temperature dependence, endurance, and retention. The MFMFIS concept is thoroughly discussed revealing profound insights on the optimal MFMFIS stack structure control for enhancing the FeFET memory performance.
Locality of temperature and correlations in the presence of non-zero-temperature phase transitions
Authors: Hernández-Santana Senaida , Molnár András , Gogolin Christian , Cirac J Ignacio , Acín Antonio
Published: July 2021

While temperature is well understood as an intensive quantity in standard thermodynamics, it is less clear whether the same holds in quantum systems displaying correlations with no classical analogue. The problem lies in the fact that, under the presence of non-classical correlations, subsystems of a system in thermal equilibrium are, in general, not described by a thermal state at the same temperature as the global system and thus one cannot simply assign a local temperature to them. However, there have been identified situations in which correlations in thermal states decay sufficiently fast so that the state of their subsystems can be very well approximated by the reduced states of equilibrium systems that are only slightly bigger than the subsystems themselves, hence allowing for a valid local definition of temperature. In this work, we address the question of whether temperature is locally well defined for a bosonic system with local interactions that undergoes a phase transition at non-zero temperature. We consider a three-dimensional bosonic model in the grand canonical state and verify that a certain form of locality of temperature holds regardless of the temperature, and despite the presence of infinite-range correlations at and below the critical temperature of the phase transition.
Symmetric distinguishability as a quantum resource
Authors: Salzmann Robert , Datta Nilanjana , Gour Gilad , Wang Xin , Wilde Mark M
Published: July 2021

We develop a resource theory of symmetric distinguishability, the fundamental objects of which are elementary quantum information sources, i.e. sources that emit one of two possible quantum states with given prior probabilities. Such a source can be represented by a classical-quantum state of a composite system XA, corresponding to an ensemble of two quantum states, with X being classical and A being quantum. We study the resource theory for two different classes of free operations: (i) CPTP
A
, which consists of quantum channels acting only on A, and (ii) conditional doubly stochastic maps acting on XA. We introduce the notion of symmetric distinguishability of an elementary source and prove that it is a monotone under both these classes of free operations. We study the tasks of distillation and dilution of symmetric distinguishability, both in the one-shot and asymptotic regimes. We prove that in the asymptotic regime, the optimal rate of converting one elementary source to another is equal to the ratio of their quantum Chernoff divergences, under both these classes of free operations. This imparts a new operational interpretation to the quantum Chernoff divergence. We also obtain interesting operational interpretations of the Thompson metric, in the context of the dilution of symmetric distinguishability.
Tailoring the optical and magnetic properties of La-BaM hexaferrites by Ni substitution
Authors: Ali Hafiz T. , Ramzan M. , Imran Arshad M , Morley Nicola A. , Hassan Abbas M. , Yusuf Mohammad , Ur Rehman Atta , Mahmood Khalid , Ali Adnan , Amin Nasir , Ajaz-un-Nabi M.
Published: July 2021

We investigate the impact of Ni insertion on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Ba0.8La0.2Fe12–xNixO19 hexaferrites (Ni substituted La-BaM hexaferrites). Samples were prepared using the conventional co-precipitation method and sintered at 1000 °C for 4 hours to assist the crystallization process. An analysis of the structure of the samples was carried out using an x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. The M-type hexagonal structure of all the samples was confirmed using XRD spectra. The lattice parametersaandcwere found to be in the ranges of 5.8925±0.001 nm–5.8952±0.001 nm and 23.2123±0.001 nm–23.2219±0.001 nm, respectively. The M-type hexagonal nature of the prepared samples was also indicated by the presence of corresponding FT-IR bands and Raman modes in the FT-IR and Raman spectra, respectively. EDX results confirmed the successful synthesis of the samples according to the required stoichiometric ratio. A UV-vis spectrometer was used to record the absorption spectra of the prepared samples in the wavelength range of 200 nm–1100 nm. The optical energy bandgap of the samples was found to be in the range of 1.21 eV–3.39 eV. TheM–Hloops of the samples were measured at room temperature at an applied magnetic field range of 0 kOe–60 kOe. A high saturation magnetization of 99.92 emu/g was recorded in the sample withx= 0 at a microwave operating frequency of 22.2 GHz. This high value of saturation magnetization is due to the substitution of La3+ions at the spin-up (12k, 2a, and 2b) sites. The Ni substitution is proven to be a potential candidate for the tuning of the optical and magnetic parameters of M-type hexaferrites. Therefore, we suggest that the prepared samples are suitable for use in magneto-optic applications.
Research of NO2 vertical profiles with look-up table method based on MAX-DOAS
Authors: Guo Yingying , Li Suwen , Mou Fusheng , Qi Hexiang , Zhang Qijin
Published: July 2021

Obtaining the vertical distribution profile of trace gas is of great significance for studying the diffusion procedure of air pollution. In this article, a look-up table method based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) technology is established for retrieving the tropospheric NO2 vertical distribution profiles. This method retrieves the aerosol extinction profiles with minimum cost function. Then, the aerosol extinction profiles and the atmospheric radiation transfer model (RTM) are employed to establish the look-up table for retrieving the NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) and profiles. The measured NO2 differential slant column densities (DSCDs) are compared with the NO2 DSCDs simulated by the atmospheric RTM, and the NO2 VCDs, the weight factor of NO2 in the boundary layer, and the boundary layer height are obtained by the minimization process. The look-up table is established to retrieve NO2 VCDs based on MAX-DOAS measurements in Huaibei area, and the results are compared with the data from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service(CAMS) model. It isfound that there are nearly consistent and the correlation coefficient R2 is morethan 0.86. The results show that this technology provides a more convenient and accurate retrieval method for the stereoscopic monitoring of
atmospheric environment.
The new mise en pratique for the metre—a review of approaches for the practical realization of traceable length metrology from 10−11 m to 1013 m
Authors: Schödel René , Yacoot Andrew , Lewis Andrew
Published: July 2021

The revised International System of Units (SI) came into force on May 20, 2019. Simultaneously, updated versions of supporting documents for the practical realization of the SI base units (mises en pratique) were published. This review paper provides an overview of the updated mise en pratique for the SI base unit of length, the metre, that now gives practical guidance on realisation of traceable length metrology spanning 24 orders of magnitude. The review begins by showing how the metre may be primarily realized through time of flight and interferometric techniques using a variety of types of interferometer. Examples of techniques for measuring the interferometric phase and coping when the integer interference order is unknown are then described, together with examples of typical uncertainty contributions that may be encountered. The requirements for traceable nanoscale metrology and the need for an alternative secondary metre as identified by the Consultative Committee for Length’s Working Group on Nanometrology are outlined. These led to the inclusion in the mise en pratique of secondary realisations of the length unit at the nanometre and sub nanometre scale, based on the lattice spacing of silicon. Three measurement techniques using this secondary realisation are then described in detail. The paper concludes by emphasising that measurements made today over 24 order of magnitude are still compatible with measurements made using the metre as adopted over 200 years ago.
A Novel Predictor-Corrector Hally Technique for Determining the Parameters for Nonlinear Solar Cell Equation
Authors: Shihab Suha , Rasheed Mohammed , Alabdali Osama , Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an iterative method Accelerated Predictor-Corrector Hally’s Method (AHM) for finding the voltage of a single-diode model for a solar cell from the equivalent circuit. The purposes of the obtained results are to reduce the number of iterations. Two numerical methods are applied and compared; Newton’s and Hally’s methods. The results showed that the proposed is the most efficient compare with NRM. The purpose of the present work is to acquire the results of photovoltaic parameters using two numerical models and the comparison between them. The acquired results presented the suggested technique (NRM) is a sufficient tool, powerful method to solve this model with the least iteration. All the calculations are achieved using Matlab program.
Effect of Electro-spinning applied Voltage on Electro-spun EPS Membranes Thickness and Fibers Diameters
Authors: Jalal Noor M. , Jabur Akram R. , Allami Shrok
Published: July 2021

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) solutions with a percentage of (30 wt. %) were prepared followed by the fabrication of micro-fibers membranes by electrospinning technique. To study the voltage’s effect of electrospinning device on EPS micro-fibers membranes, different voltages (10, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30) KV were experimented. The characterization of the electro-spun membranes were made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological and thickness analysis. The results showed that although electro-spun EPS membranes prepared by 30 KV, they had the minimum membranes thickness and the highest average fiber diameter. As it is cleared by SEM images, increasing the electro-spinning voltage leads to increasing the average fiber diameter membranes. With increasing the electros-pinning voltage, the fibers prefer to deposit on each and result in decreasing the distance between the collector and the needle, hence higher average fiber diameter produced. The thickness of the electro-spun membranes decreases with the electro-spinning voltage as a result of the higher repulsion between the electro-spun fibers which reduce the deposition of these fibers on the collector.
Carrying capacity of mangrove tourism in the district of Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang regency, West Java province
Authors: Kurniawansyah A , Pin T G , Rahatiningtyas N
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted in the District of Cilamaya Wetan, Karawang Regency, West Java Province from November to December 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyze the carrying capacity of tourism in mangrove tourism areas. Based on the results in the field, the carrying capacity of tourism is only found in Sukakerta Village with the wide area that can be used as tourism and there is a visit by tourists, precisely in the Tangkolak Maritime Center which is able to accommodate as many as 1.345 person with the time provided in the development of the area by tour manager, that is for 24 hours/day. Tourist activities based on interviews include sitting relaxed, taking photo, walking down the road, enjoying the scenery, and planting mangrove seedlings scattered in Sukakerta Village.
Groundwater quality of unconfined aquifer in Demak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Putranto T T , Susanto N , Pangestuti D R
Published: July 2021

Industry and society utilize groundwater to meet their daily needs. The study area is located in Demak Regency, which is located in the northern part of Java Island. Administratively, Demak Regency covers 14 districts with a total population of up to 1.16 million inhabitants. The utilization of unconfined groundwater is an alternative to meet the needs of the community. The condition of the unconfined aquifer, which is the source of fresh water for the community, must meet the standards for public health. Thus, it needs a fundamental assessment of the condition of the unconfined aquifer in Demak Regency. The evaluation of unconfined aquifer is focused on physical and hydrogeochemical analysis. The method used was a field campaign by measuring the groundwater depth and analyzing 30 groundwater samples for physical and chemical analysis. The results of measurements of pH values in groundwater samples in the study area are between 6.68-7.84. The high pH is in the Districts of Mranggen and Kebonagung. Furthermore, the value of electrical conductivity (EC) is between 678-3,130 µS/cm. The samples that are close to the Java Sea conduct a higher EC value, which is located in the Sayung, Karangengah, Bonang, and Wedung Districts.
Re-modeling kaligarang fault base on satellite gravity data
Authors: Indriana R D , Nurwidyanto M I , Widada S
Published: July 2021

The Kaligarang River heading North-South divides the region of Semarang. The Dutch Colonial Government recorded the territory of Semarang on January 19, 1856, shaken by an earthquake on the mainland epicenter with the strength of the V-VI MMI. Fault Kaligarang has a sliding rate of slip (slip rate) of 4.5 mm per year. The value of rock slip rate is relatively very small, but if accumulated over a long period, its value can increase and it will form an earthquake when energy is released. Kaligarang fault is still active and can cause another earthquake. Estimates of active Kaligarang fault are analyzed using different analytical methods by combining 3 methods (magnetic, gravity, and geological). Preliminary studies were conducted using the gravity method used satellite data. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of satellite data to be used as supporting data for preliminary research and also as complementary data. There are similarities in the results of inversion modeling with using GgmPlus data and geological data in the field. This result cannot prove the kaligarang fault because kaligarang fault is a transform fault. The distribution of subsurface mass can prove the existence of faults in the Semarang area but not at all, so that terrestrial data are still needed to obtain a more complete subsurface geological structure. Others method are needed to complete and prove the Kaligarang fault is active.
The potential attractiveness of development mangrove ecotourism in Karawang regency
Authors: Hartati A P , Pin T G
Published: July 2021

The mangrove ecosystem is one of the ecosystems that are very important for the life of flora, fauna as well as the people around it. The development of mangrove ecosystems into ecotourism is one way to the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems so that have a negative impact on the lives of their creatures. The development of ecotourism needs to be supported by tourist attractiveness as well as learning to tourists to care about their environment in accordance with the principles of ecotourism namely responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local people. This paper focuses on the potential attractiveness of ecotourism development in Karawang Regency. The method used in this research is to do calculations using weights and scoring. The results showed that Sukakerta Village has a potential attractive attraction for mangrove ecotourism development in Karawang Regency, while Rawagempol Kulon and Tambaksari Village have an unattractive potential for mangrove ecotourism development and other villages have the attractive potential for mangrove ecotourism development due to inadequate facilities and accessibility.
Spatial pattern of fishing activities at Yogyakarta waters (case study: fishers at Depok beach, Parangtritis village, Bantul regency)
Authors: Fadlullah M , Susiloningtyas D , Handayani T
Published: July 2021

Capture fisheries are one form of fishery resource utilization by fisher in the waters. With open access, fishers are free to catch fish in the waters. Yogyakarta waters are one of the waters with capture fisheries activities that continue to develop until now, especially on Bantul Regency. Fishers on Depok Beach are the largest and most developed communities in Bantul Regency. Sustainable fisheries resource management is formed in Yogyakarta waters by analyzing fishers’ behavior on Depok Beach in fishing activities. Survey methods and participatory mapping were carried out to obtain fisher’s characteristics, water conditions, fishing grounds locations, and fish catch variation. Statistical descriptive analysis, map overlays, and correlations are used in this study. The fishing community on Depok Beach is dominated by migrant fisher who come from Cilacap. Fishing activities are still very dependent on water conditions both during high and low seasons. Fishing grounds can be up to 10 miles in the high season, while the low season tends to be closer to land. The type of fish catch varies each month, dominated by demersal fish. Beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus) is a fish caught commodity during high and low seasons. Meanwhile, white pomfret (Pampus argenteus), banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis), scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homorus) are mostly found in the high season, and mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in the low season.
The effect of lard concentration and ozonation on changes in polarization angle of olive oil
Authors: Saputra F A , Azam M , Arianto F , Sofjan K F , Sugito H , Alkian I
Published: July 2021

This research aims to analyze the effect of ozone exposure time and lard mixture on the polarization angle of transmission of olive oil. The study uses a transmission polarization method with a laser (λ = 532 nm) as a light source. The research sample in the form of olive oil mixed with lard at a concentration of 10, 20, 40, and 80%, with an ozone exposure time of 0-30 minutes. The sample is subjected to external electric fields with variations from 0-4.5 x 102 kV/m to increase the change’s polarization angle. The results showed that the change in polarization angle would change linearly with the increase in lard concentration with olive oil. Olive oil with a low concentration of lard (10%) experienced an increase in the change in polarization angle with a value of 0.31 ° due to the effect of 90 minutes of ozone exposure. In general, the results of the study showed that increased concentrations of lard, ozone exposure time, electric field strengths caused an increase in changes in the polarization angle in a mixture of olive oil and lard.
Measurement of ground response of Semarang coastal region risk of earthquakes by Horizontal To Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) microtremor method
Authors: Irham M N , Zainuri M , Yuliyanto G. , Wirasatriya A
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted to determine the response of the Semarang Coastal area to eartquakes by measuring the micro tremor response with 3 component seismographs at 110 locations on the Semarang coastal region that were distributed almost evenly. From the micro tremor data, it is processed using Gyopsy software to get the dominant frequency and amplification values. The dominant frequency value and its amplification are then made a map with surfer 13, and the results are then overlaid on the RBI map for qualitative interpretation. The results of this study are dominant frequency and their amplification in the Semarang coastal region maps. The dominant frequency values range from 0.5 Hz - 10 Hz. Based on the dominant frequency values, can be grouped into three categories, namely low frequency values that are less than 2.5 Hz associated with sediment thickness values of more than 30 m and areas with moderate frequencies with values between 2.5 - 4 Hz associated with sediment thickness 10 - 30 m, and high frequency indigo between 4 Hz - 10 Hz is associated with a sediment thickness of 5-10 m. Areas with low frequencies dominate the study area. Areas with medium and high frequency values are only a small part of the study area. The amplification values vary between 0.5 - 8.5. While the amplification value can also be grouped into 3 parts, namely the amplification of less than 2.75 associated with hard rocks almost dominates the central part of the study area, the amplification value between 2.75 - 5.15 associated rocks or soil with moderate violence is only a small part as between low and high values in the study area, and values of more than 5.15 associated with soft soils that dominate the northern and the southern part of the study area.. If the area around Semarang has an earthquake, the location with a large amplification will be more prone to earthquake disasters.
Detecting hot spring manifestations based on gravity data satellite on mountain Lawu
Authors: Setyawan A , Khusna L M , Suseno J E , Rina D I , Yulianto T , Aribowo Y
Published: July 2021

Mount Lawu is in the transition zone among Western and Eastern Java. Gunung Lawu consists of two volcanic systems separated by the East-West trending Cemorosewu Fault. The geology of Mount Lawu is dominated by Andesite Lava. Mount Lawu area has a geothermal energy prospect with indications of the appearance of hot springs and fumaroles. 2D modeling of subsurface structure of Mount Lawu’s manifestation area has been carried out using gravity method. The aims of study to investigate the appearance of hot springsis related with fault structure. Data used using GGMplus (Gravity model plus) satellite image data in the form of gravity disturbance or anomaly free air with spaces each points is 200 meter respectively. GGMplus gravity anomaly data are performed bouger correction and field correction to produce a complete bouger anomaly (ABL). The ABL results present that the anomaly corresponds to the geological map, otherwise the higher topography correlated with with the smaller value of the gravity anomaly. 2D modelling and interpretation has done based on ABL results. Based on 2D modeling the appearance of hot springs is controlled by the presence of faults, moreover Mount Lawu consists of three layers of rock, namely Tuff with a density of 1.27-2.66 gr / cm3, andesite lava 2.90 gr / cm3, and basalt lava 2.99 gr / cm3.The results of study are expected be used as a reference and policy decision in geothermal development of Mount. Lawu.
Anatomic information of urinary tract MSCT using tracking and intravenous urography in case of urolithiasis
Authors: Sulaksono N , Kurniawati A , Jannah M
Published: July 2021

Urolithiasis is a stone in the urinary tract area. In previous studies, the use of reconstructed tracking on Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) non-contrast urography was able to produce an image of the urinary tract. Intravenous Urography (IVU) examination is a radiographic examination of the urinary system using positive contrast media that is inserted intravenously. This study aims to optimization of information on the anatomy of the urinary tract is needed to help diagnose urolithiasis. This type of research is an experimental observational approach with a comparison of the MSCT anatomical information tracking technique with an IVU examination. The subjects of this study were patients who performed an MSCT and IVU examination with 3 respondents from Radiology Specialists. The data collected is from April to November 2019. The sample used was 60 samples. Non-contrast urography MSCT with tracking technique obtained more optimal results in assessing each anatomy compared to IVU. The overall value of anatomical image non contrast urographic MSCT images with tracking techniques obtained a total value of 2179, While the overall value of the anatomical image on the IVU examination was 1977. MSCT non-contrast urography with tracking is more optimal in establishing the diagnosis in cases of urolithiasis, but IVU examination excels in assessing the function of the urinary tract.
The effect of magnification technique on the optical density and size of object on mammography
Authors: Setiawati E , Arifin Z , Emisen M P , Anam C , Margiantono A
Published: July 2021

To visualize the existence of micro-calcifications in mammography there are a number of ways carried out including by the magnification technique. This study evaluates the effect of magnification technique on optical density (OD) and size of the objects of the image produced on mammography. The objects used were three circular coins. Source to image distance (SID) was 65 cm, with a focal spot size of 0.1 cm, a combination of targets/filters was Mo/Mo with a filter’s thickness of 30 µm. The tube loading was 100 mAs, the tube voltage was 27 kVp, and the magnification was in the range of 1.00 - 2.00 times with an increase of 0.25. Measurement of OD and size of the objects was using an ImageJ software. The results of this study revealed that the OD value decreases proportional to the magnification. The OD values calculated on the 2x magnification were 13.74, 14.26, and 13.44% lower than 1.0 magnification (without magnification), while the resulting image will be oval in proportion to the position of the coin from the chest wall and the magnification. An implementation of the magnification method in the mammography must be carried out with caution. In addition to a benefit to larger appear of micro-calcification, it also causes a decrease in OD and distortion of objects in the image.
Tomographic system for transparent objects using visible light as a source of radiation
Authors: Widodo C E , Adi K
Published: July 2021

In this paper we present a tomography system for transparent objects using visible light radiation sources. Transparent objects are used so that visible light can penetrate objects. Objects are rotated by moving angle of 2 ° per step to get a full rotation or 360 °. Each object moves by 2 ° then the detector will capture images that have been irradiated by visible light and obtain an original image of 180 images. Of the 180 images, a cross-sectional sinogram image is made in the center of the object. The synogram is then reconstructed using the backprojection method to produce tomographic images. The results of this research are a tomographic system consisting of light sources, cameras and reconstruction software. This system succeeded in making a tomographic image in the form of a cross-sectional image from a glass bottle.
Analysis study of doses distribution in lung cancer using 3D Slicer
Authors: Amaliya R , Aisyah St , Hariyanto A P , Jannah F , Sarasechan A , Nasori  , Rubiyanto A , Haekal M , Endarko  , Nainggolan A
Published: July 2021

Lung cancer has decreased mortality rates each year that can treat with radiotherapy. The radiotherapy module is own by 3D Slicer that is open-source software. The purpose is to determine the distribution of doses on the dose-volume histogram (DVH) and the percentage of the suitability of the 3D Slicer simulation results with the Treatment Planning System (TPS) at MRCCC Siloam Hospital. The data used were three Computed Tomographic images of lung cancer patients obtained from the MRCCC Siloam Hospital. The parameters analyzed included volume, the dose of the target volume, and organ at risk (OAR). Analytical studies were carried out by comparing the target volume with The International Commission on Radiation Unit (ICRU) Report 83 and comparing the OAR regarding dose tolerance. The dose distribution of all patients from the simulated 3D slicer for OAR met the tolerance limit reference recommendations. The Planning Target Volume (PTV) of all patients also matched the evaluation recommended by the ICRU Report 83. The percentage value of the suitability between the 3D Slicer and TPS results for all patients was above 95%. It shows that 3D Slicer can use as a recommendation software for initial radiotherapy planning studies.
Application of spectral subtraction denoising on 3 T MRI in lumbar spine (herniated nucleus pulposus case) GRAPPA to improve CNR
Authors: Maulidya I , Fatimah  , Santoso G
Published: July 2021

Using of r-factor which is higher can speed up the scanning time in parallel imaging techniques but causes a decrease in contrast to noise ratio (CNR), thus causing image quality not optimal in the MRI Lumbar examination of the T2WI turbo spin echo (TSE) generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acqusitions (GRAPPA) herniated nucleus pulposus case. Fast scanning time is needed by using a higher r-factor to get the optimal image with improved CNR. Spectral subtraction denoising (SSD) is one of filter technique that can be used to improve image quality, CNR is one of the parameters used in determine image quality, SSD is expected to be able improved CNR to have good image quality. The purpose was to measure changes of image quality CNR. This type of research is a pre-experimental research with a one group pretest-posttest design to determine the differences in CNR quality by applying SSD to the r-factor variations in the lumbar MRI image of T2WI TSE GRAPPA sagital. Data were analyzed by statistical tests, friedman. There is a difference in image quality in variations acceleration factor with increase CNR in GRAPPA parallel imaging technique with a value of p <0.05, obtained r-factor 3 as the optimal r-factor the highest mean rank value with the application of SSD.
Radiation dose reduction on cervical spine radiographic examination by using posteroanterior oblique projection
Authors: Sulistiyadi A H , Rochmayanti D , Dartini D , Wibowo A S , Handoko B D , Indrati R
Published: July 2021

Cervical spine radiographic examination with 450 oblique projection can be performed using anteroposterior (AP) oblique or posteroanterior (PA) oblique. There are radiosensitive organs that are exposed to radiation during the examination. This study aims to determine the radiation dose (Entrance Surface Dose) received by thyroid, eye, and breast on radiographic examination in AP oblique and PA oblique projections. Radiographic phantom with equivalent structure to human body was positioned in AP oblique and PA oblique. A modificated protractor was used to maintain the positioning precision. The optimum exposure factors (confirmed by Exposure Index) were used. Radiation dose on the thyroid, the eye, and the breast were measured 9 times using Termoluminisence Dosemeter for each positioning techniques. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. The average radiation dose received by the thyroid, the breast, and the eye between AP oblique and PA oblique projections were (0.915 and 0.174), (0.059 and 0.025), and (0.234 and 0.079), respectively. There were significant differences in the radiation dose received by the thyroid (p value <0.05), the breast (p value <0.05), and the eye (p value <0.05). The radiation dose were lower (81% on thyroid), (58% on breast), (66% on eye) by using PA oblique projection.
Investigation of a method for creating neonatal chest phantom using 3D printer
Authors: Fujibuchi T
Published: July 2021

Newborns and children are more sensitive to radiation and have a longer life expectancy than adults. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce unnecessary exposure by optimizing the dose when conducting radiological examinations. In order to optimize the dose in neonatal X-ray examinations, we studied a method to create inexpensive and precise neonatal chest heterogeneous anthropomorphic phantoms using a 3 dimensional (3D) printer. Phantoms were created by constructing segments of computed tomography (CT) volume data acquired from the chest of a 6-month-old, excluding the bone and lung tissue, using 3D image analysis software. The material used for 3D printing was polylactic acid; multiple printing densities were investigated. Gypsum and urethane foam were used as bone- and lung-equivalent substances. The CT values of the lung tissue in the phantom were almost the same as those of the air, and those of the bone tissue showed a range of CT values dependent on the print density. By visual evaluation, it was established that the shapes of the original lungs and heart were reproduced in the images of the phantom. The creation of an inexpensive and precise neonatal chest phantom using a 3D printer is useful.
Development of scattered radiation distribution visualization system using WebAR
Authors: Nishi K , Fujibuchi T , Yoshinaga T
Published: July 2021

Radiation protection education is difficult for some radiological workers to taking because they are busy with medical work. In radiation protection, understanding the behaviour of scattered radiation is important for reducing exposure. Although applications that visualize the behaviour of scattered radiation using augmented reality or virtual reality have been developed, such applications are limited by the need to download the application and the performance of the device. We have developed a system that can be used in a web browser to visualize the behaviour of scattered radiation more easily. Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the behaviour of scattered radiation during radiography using a portable X-ray machine. An augmented reality (AR) system was developed using A-Frame, an open-source web framework, and AR.js, which adds the AR function. Finally, the behaviour of scattered radiation was observed using various devices. With AR, the behaviour of scattered radiation was visualized in three dimensions. The newly developed AR system can be used with web browsers to easily learn the behaviour of scattered rays without the need for special devices.
Basic study on evaluation of X-ray dose distribution using plastic scintillator plate and digital CMOS camera
Authors: Yoshitani H , Fujibuchi T , Anam C
Published: July 2021

Evaluation of dose distribution in a phantom is effective for quality control of radiation diagnostic equipment and evaluation of exposure. However, measurements at multiple points using a dosimeter is complicated. An alternative is to combine a plastic scintillator (PS) plate and digital camera to obtain the dose distribution of the entire phantom. In this study, the basic characteristics of this system were examined. A PS was sandwiched between Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) disk phantoms, and irradiation was performed while the tube current was changed from one direction. The tube voltage was set to two values, specifically 60 and 120 kV. During irradiation, the entire phantom was recorded at 0.1 s intervals using a digital Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera. The lowest dose rate where luminescence could be detected was approximately 1 mGy per 0.1 s. The amount of luminescence increased linearly with the dose rate. The proportional relationship that was confirmed between dose rate and luminescence suggests the possibility of using the system for dose estimation. This proposed dose-evaluation method can enable the dose distribution to be evaluated with a time resolution of 0.1 s and a high spatial resolution.
Molecular identification of inulinolytic yeast isolated from cherry fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) based on internal transcribed spacer sequence
Authors: Erfianti T , Wijanarka W , Kusumaningrum H P
Published: July 2021

Inulinolytic yeast is a yeast that produces inulinase enzyme (E.C.3.2.1.7). Inulinase has an important role to hydrolyze inulin into simpler molecules that are widely used in industry. Previous research has obtained K4 inulinolytic yeast from cherry fruit (Muntingia calabura L.) which has not been identified yet. This study aims to molecularly identify and phylogenetic analysis of K4 inulinolytic yeast isolated from cherry fruit (M. calabura L.) based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence. Research stages consist of DNA isolation, amplification of the ITS rDNA sequence, electrophoresis of PCR product, analysis of sequence data, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X. The results showed that yeast DNA was successfully obtained with a concentration of 807.1 ng/µL and had a purity value of 2.12. Amplification of the ITS rDNA sequence produced amplicon with length ±250 bp. Molecular identification based on homology analysis with database of The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and phylogenetic analysis indicated that K4 isolate was the most closely related to Diutina rugosa isolate S217 (MF797783).
Isolation, antibacterial activity, and molecular identification of endophytic fungi from Pogostemon cablin
Authors: Pratama N A , Widyarifa M M , Farikha S L , Kusumaningrum H P , Eshananda Y
Published: July 2021

Pogostemon cablinis the medicinal plants that produces patchouli essential oils as secondary metabolites which has multiple functions including antibacterial ability. The secondary metabolites in plants mostly associated with their endophytic fungi. In this study we isolated endophytic fungi fromPogostemon cablin’s leaves and examined antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus,as well as find out the identity of most potential isolate based on Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) region. The isolation of endophytic fungi was performed using surface sterilization method on Malt Extract Agar (MEA) medium. The antibacterial activity was tested using paper disc on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium and molecular identification was amplified using ITS 4 and ITS 5 primers. The isolation process resulted in 5 isolates of endophytic fungi. The antibacterial assay indicated one potential isolate with the highest antibacterial activity when tested againstE. coliandS. Aureus,exhibited 20.9 mm and 19 mm clear zone respectively. Molecular identification from ITS region database depicted that the potential isolate has high homology withNigrosporasp. by 99% similarity. This result suggested that the antibacterial ability of essential oils from thePogostemon cablin’s leaves might has high correlation with the occurrence of endophytic fungi.
Chiroptera population as bioindicators of urbanization and fragmented habitat in West Java
Authors: Basukriadi A , Nurdin E , Adiwibowo A , Kamilia N I , Jason P , Roebert P , Ulibasa B G , Suryaatmaja T N S , Tobing R H G
Published: July 2021

One of the threats to the natural ecosystem is urbanization. The deforestation and development of settlements have caused fragmented natural habitat, vegetation cover reduction, and decline of biodiversity. In urban, one of the mammalian groups that can adapt to the presence of settlement is the Chiroptera group or commonly known as bats. One of the areas that have experienced rapid urbanization was located in West Java. Considering this condition, this study aims to study the impact of urbanization and the potential use of Chiroptera as an urbanization bioindicator. The method used was line transect across the landscape mosaic located in 2 urbanized areas in West Java, i.e., Bekasi and Depok. There was 3 line transects in each area. Three locations were selected from each transect and sampled with 3 replications. The density of Chiroptera and the percentage of vegetation covers were observed along transects. In total, there were 18 observations. The study confirms the presence of fragmented landscape with vegetation cover mean ranged from 39.8%/100 m2 (95% CI: 20.4% to 59.2%). to 65.3%/100 m2 (95% CI: 52.5% to 78.1%). While the density of Chiroptera mean ranges were 2.18 inds. /100 m2 (95% CI: 1.44 to 2.92)-2.85 inds./100 m2 (95% CI: 0.98 to 4.72). There was a significant positive correlation (p = 0.004, r= 0.630) between vegetation cover and Chiroptera abundance. Based on the correlation, the less fragmented landscape was indicated by high Chiroptera abundance.
Abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities in middle stream of Citanduy river, West Java
Authors: Sawestri S , Rais A H
Published: July 2021

The relationship between phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions in their habitat provides an important role for their as an assessment of the status and quality of river waters and the management of these waters. The aim of this research was studied of composition and abundance of phytoplankton communities in Citanduy River, particularly in middle stream. The study has conducted in April, July, and October 2018. The study location consists of 4 stations. The research has measured the abundance index, diversity index, and dominance index of plankton. The physic-chemical waters parameters which was measured consist of temperature, pH, DO, depth, transparency, nitrite, ammoniac, nitrate, total phosphate, and chlorophyll-a. Phytoplankton of Citanduy River consists of 4 classes. The abundance index of phytoplankton was around 2,578-7,366 cells/L; diversity index of phytoplankton is around 0.48-2.57, while the highest dominance index was Pediastrum sp with 0.56. Based on multiple regression analysis, the abundance of phytoplankton in April was influenced by nitrates and temperature. The abundance of phytoplankton in July is influenced by nitrite and ammonia. Meanwhile, in October, phosphate and oxygen parameters affect the abundance of phytoplankton. The Citanduy River is still in the stable category because the water quality is still in a sufficient condition for aquatic biota, especially phytoplankton. The ammonium and total phosphate of BBWS station in October were higher than standard. The high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is the results from the surrounding land for rice fields, plantations, fish farming, and waste disposal.
Formulation and optimization of alternative culture media for probiotic bacteria growth using tofu liquid waste
Authors: Jannah S N , Pujiyanto S , Rosiana E , Purwantisari S
Published: July 2021

Probiotics from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the livestock industry to replace the use of Antibiotics Growth Promoters (AGPs). LAB is a culture starter that is widely used in fermented foods. LAB has the ability to adapt to different substrates, resulting in its wide use in the fermentation of various food products. MRS (De Man Rogosa Sharpe) medium is a growth medium for LAB, but for the industrial-scale requires a high cost, therefore innovation is needed to find alternative culture media using local raw material. Tofu Liquid Waste (TLW) can be used as a growth medium for probiotic bacteria because it still contains enough nutrients source for growth. This study aims to determine the formulation and optimization of culture media for LAB isolates using tofu liquid waste. Six Lab isolates from chickens gastrointestinal tract were used in experiments to determine the ability to grow on TLW culture media. The growth assays are conducted by inoculating LAB isolates in the culture media formulation that divided into 4 groups, consisting of medium A (TLW+molasses 1,5%+skim milk 5%), B (TLW+molasses 1,5%+skim milk 2,5%), C (TLW+molasses 3%+skim milk 5%), and D (TLW+molasses 3%+skim milk 2,5%). The best LAB isolate to grow on TLW medium was Lactobacillus paracasei. The best TLW modification medium for Lactobacillus paracasei growth is D media. Modified media consisting of TLW, molasses and skim milk can be used as an alternative medium for LAB growth.