bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventive psychodiagnosis of children through online orientation of parents in a University Clinical Practice in Brazil: an alternative for underserved populations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Varanda C. , Campos M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

A private university in Santos offers a free psychological service for assessing and intervening in chilhood psychological problems through a internship program which had to be delivered online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The interns were only allowed to attend their parents online, instead of their children.

Objectives

Evaluating this new online service is the aim of this work.

Methods

24 parents of 34 children aged 4-10 years were attended by pairs or trios of 52 interns. The were modules made up of assessment, intervention and feedback, using different instruments such as interviews, screening questionnaires and the observation of 5-minute free play in domestic environment and of a family collage through a video recorded by parents. Feedback and intervention happened in various moments. The interns created a storybook using metaphoric narrative as a feedback tool in which a synthesis of the psychodiagnostic process and orientation was presented to the children.

Results

There was progress and decrease or elimination of symptons in 19 of the 34 children. Among the children who did not improve, one of them did not present any difficulties; 7 of them had many absences and the other 7 were referred to further assessment for reasons related to the complexity of their difficulties or a probable unsuitability of the online orientation.

Conclusions

The orientation was helpful for 55,89% of the children, showing to be a valid alternative for families who do not have financial resources for attending private clinics or fail to access public health services or even during social distance measures.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Social media as a psychoeducative and preventive tool in mental health
Authors: Molina Ruiz R. , Nuñez Morales N. , González Vazquez A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The use of social networks is an integral part of our daily life as a means of communication. Scientific dissemination through these kind of platforms has expanded enormously in recent years, for example in networks such as Instagram, a free photo, text messaging and video sharing social media application. Instagram has been used extensively in different fields of medicine. Initially it was limited to visually rich fields but it has been extended to others such as mental health. This tool has enormous potential as a means of more effective communication and prevention.

Objectives

To analyze the role of Instagram as a tool of psychoeducation and prevention in mental health

Methods

An analysis of different mental health profiles was carried based on different items: publications, interactions, likes, commentaries, shares, accounts reached, accounts engaged and hashtags.

Results

Mental health has become one of the sanitary fields generating more traffic on social media reaching a great number of publications per day. Topics that generated more interaction were: depression, anxiety, trauma, sleep and emotion regulation difficulties among others. However most mental health information available in social media had not been provided by proffessinals of the mental health but by many others.

Conclusions

Instagram is presented as a valuable mental health prevention tool and professionals should engage and adapt to new scenarios of communication. In the era where information is easy to get but knowledge is difficult to find, experts of mental health should more involved.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Griefing reaction and social networks
Authors: Molina Liétor M.D.C. , Martín M. , Cuevas Iñiguez I. , Romero Gerechter I. , Sanz Giancola A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Grief is a normal and not necessarily pathological psychological process that occurs after the loss of a family member or loved one with its psycho-affective consequences, external manifestations and rituals. Although mourning processes can be associated with losses of different types (employment, housing, baseline situation, housing), we will refer to mourning for the loss of a loved one. For some people, social networks facilitate the expression of feelings and experiences of grief, connecting with the emotional support of other friends and loved ones. However, the presence of accounts belonging to these deceased persons, the persistence of photos and memories that periodically appear on the screen without the person being able to choose them, can make it difficult to process the mourning.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to consider the beneficial and detrimental factors of social media during a grieving reaction after the loss of a loved one.

Methods

For the preparation of this work, a bibliographic review on the subject has been carried out. Likewise, the clinical information provided by patients during our evaluations has provided critical views on what has been published in this regard.

Results

Support through social networks can help to feel more affectionate, but there are other harmful factors that must be taken into account: permanence of photos, appearance of memories and reminder of the deceased person’s birthday.

Conclusions

Social networks can have favorable but also detrimental factors in the elaboration of a grief and should be considered in the psychiatric exploration and intervention.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Starting Digital Treatment for Neurodevelopmental Disorders by Experience Experts: On the Waiting List for Diagnostic Assessment via the Super Brains App
Authors: Kooij J.J.S. , Den Hollander R.
Published: September 2022

Digital treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders is being developed in order to treat patients
online when possible, to reduce waitinglists, and to improve efficiency of treatment. In this workshop, first experiences with the so called Start Programme of the Super Brains app for ADHD in adults are presented. The Super Brains app has been developed by Rutger den Hollander, who himself has ADHD and owns an ICT company in the Netherlands, in cooperation with the speaker of this workshop and Parnassiagroep. The Start Programme is a new part of the Super Brains app, meant for patients referred for treatment that have to wait on often long waitinglists. Now they have no longer to wait, but can start immediately preparing for assessment by filling in questionnaires, and with psycho-education, lifestyle tips and support by experience experts that welcome them in the app and show them around. First data on the use of different parts of the Start Programme, the activity of patients in the app, and the satisfaction of patients will be presented. We also aim to study whether the Start Progamme is effective in reducing severity of ADHD symptoms. Super Brains can be adjusted for use in patients with other (neurodevelopmental) disorders easily.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotion dysregulation, dissociation and body dissatisfaction mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and ED symptoms
Authors: Lev-Ari L. , Zohar A. , Bachner Melman R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The current study tests the relationship between eating disorder (ED) symptoms and trauma exposure. The mechanisms via which trauma is related to ED symptoms have not been sufficiently examined. This study examines the complex role of dissociation and emotional dysregulation in the context of trauma, BMI, ED symptoms and body dissatisfaction (BD).

Objectives

We hypothesized that dissociation and emotional dysregulation would mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and ED symptoms / BD. We further hypothesized that BMI would play a moderating role in this association.

Methods

A community sample of 229 (16.2% male) participants, with a mean age of 29.08±10.68 reported online on traumatic events (Life Events Checklist), dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale – II), emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale), ED symptoms (Eating Disorders Examination – Questionnaire) and BD (Figure Rating Scale).

Results

Participants reported experiencing a mean of 2.87±2.27 traumatic events, with a relatively high percentage (˜86%) reporting at least one. The most commonly reported traumatic events were transportation accidents and physical assault. Although frequency of traumatic events did not directly predict ED symptoms, BMI, dissociation, emotional dysregulation and BD did. An SEM model showed that traumatic events predicted ED symptoms indirectly through dissociation, emotional dysregulation and BMI. Dissociation and emotional dysregulation predicted ED symptoms directly. BMI also moderated the association between traumatic events and both ED symptoms and BD.

Conclusions

Therapists treating patients with high BMI or obesity should be aware of these relationships and investigate the possibility that trauma and/or PTSD may underlie the presenting disordered eating or eating disorder.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Assessing Family Functioning Before and After an Integrated Multidisciplinary Family Treatment for Adolescents With Restrictive Eating Disorders
Authors: Rogantini C. , Orlandi M. , Provenzi L. , Chiappedi M. , Coci C. , Criscuolo M. , Castiglioni M. , Zanna V. , Borgatti R. , Mensi M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Previous studies applying the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTPc), a semi-structured method for observing family dynamics, highlighted dysfunctional interaction patterns in the families of individuals affected by restrictive eating disorders (REDs). Family-centered approaches are considered the first-line treatment for severe cases of REDs in adolescence.

Objectives

To investigate family functioning in the families of adolescents with severe REDs assessed before and 6 months after a multidisciplinary family treatment program that combined psychodynamic psychotherapy, parental role intervention and triadic or family-centered intervention.

Methods

Sixty-seven families of adolescent patients diagnosed with REDs were assessed for eligibility between July 2017 and October 2020. Family functioning was assessed using the clinical version of LTPc. Nutritional counseling and neuropsychiatric monitoring were also provided.

Results

We observed a significant change in the family functioning score for the LTPc phase 2, in which the father interacts with his daughter while the mother acts as a silent observer. This suggests that the fathers, when playing an active role, could improve dyadic family functioning. The treatment was not found to change triadic functioning: a 6-month treatment may not be long enough to modify interactions at the triadic level.

Conclusions

A brief multidisciplinary treatment program may significantly improve family functioning in the families of patients diagnosed with severe REDs. Although appropriate clinical trials are needed to further test the efficacy of this treatment, our study reinforce the concept that treatment programs targeting the individual patient and both the parents should be a first-line approach in adolescents with severe REDs.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they do not have a significant financial interest, consultancy or other relationship with products, manufacturer(s) of products or providers of services related to this abstrac.
Self-report questionnaires in eating disorders: do we need to be careful interpreting self-report in conditions with self-perception issues?
Authors: Evans C. , Paz C. , Medina J.C. , Grau A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

A major revolution in psychiatry since the late 20th and early 21st Century has sought to put the individual client at the heart of intervention, promoting shared decision making. Increasing use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate interventions and even steer therapies (“power assisted steering for psychotherapy”, Evans 2012) appears congruent with this. But is caution needed interpreting PROMS where self-perception distortions form a core part of the client’s problem? Eating disorders are a paradigmatic test.

Objectives

To see if PROM scores at initial presentation at services for ED seemed congruent with help-seeking. We report CORE-Outcome scores here.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of an ED and opting in to treatment. Consecutive new clients at all the centres were approached for participation. Scores distributions were analysed to see if numbers of low scores, “non-clinical range” scores seemed congruent with help-seeking.

Results

18% of the participants who completed the CORE-OM at baseline had a score below the Clinically Significant Change (CSC) cutting point. Though the rate was higher in participants with an Anorexia type I diagnosis (22.6%) than those with other ED diagnoses (15.8%): in the expected direction, the difference was narrowly non-significant (chi-squared = 3.5, d.f. = 1, p = .06). Scores did relate to treatment level.

Conclusions

The predicted elevated rate of non-clinical baseline scores in the AN1 group was narrowly non-significant but the rate of 18% non-clinical scores in a help-seeking population raises a cautionary message about interpretation of change from initially low scores.

Disclosure

I am one of the three trustees of CORE System Trust which holds the copyright on the CORE measures used in this study but the measures are all provided under a Creative Commons licence so I receive no remuneration from this.
Adolescents’ knowledge of and attitudes towards eating disorders
Authors: Heneghan A. , Livanou M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Eating disorders (EDs) constitute serious mental illnesses with high morbidity, lifetime mortality and associated stigma due to the label of mental illness. The sparse research assessing adolescents’ knowledge of and attitudes towards EDs highlights their low understanding of these conditions.

Objectives

The proposed study aims to bridge this gap by investigating adolescents’ knowledge of and attitudes towards EDs as this will inform young people’s engagement with ED services.

Methods

Participants aged 12-18 will be randomly assigned a vignette depicting either a male or female 15-year-old displaying symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) or binge eating disorder (BED). They will be asked to select what they believe the condition described in the vignette is from a pre-determined list. They will then be informed of the correct diagnosis before completing a series of scales designed to assess their attitudes towards EDs. Participants’ own potentially disordered eating behaviours will be assessed using the ED risk composite (EDRC) subscale from the EDI-3.

Results

It is expected that BED will be less likely to be correctly identified compared to AN, eliciting more stigma and male vignette subjects will be seen more negatively than female vignette subjects. Also, it is expected that participants with higher EDRC scores will have more knowledge of and less negative attitudes towards EDs than those with lower EDRC scores.

Conclusions

This study will highlight the need for education around EDs targeted at adolescents to increase their knowledge and awareness, providing them with factual information ought to reduce stigma and negative attitudes and beliefs about EDs.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Ideas of Self and Adulthood in Girls with Eating Disorders
Authors: Dovbysh D. , Kurganskaya D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Adolescence, when physical body image changes occur, is highly vulnerable to the development of eating disorders. At this age, there is an acute task of accepting oneself as another - an adult who has changed.

Objectives

To study the features of the image of an adult in young people with eating disorders.

Methods

The study involved 58 girls (from 17 to 22 years old). The main group included 31 people with a high risk of eating disorders, the control group - 27 people with an average and low risk. Respondents filled in: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, Eating behavior rating scale, projective drawing of an adult and child, association test about words «adult» and «child»

Results

1. A high level of personal anxiety was revealed in the main group; 2. The visualized image of an adult in the main group has more distortions and fewer signs of gender identification than in the normal group; 3. Semantic ideas about adulthood in the main group are negatively emotionally colored and include categories related to eating behavior; 4. Semantic ideas about childhood in the main group are more negatively emotionally colored, and ideas about the present are more connected with appearance than in the control group. Semantic ideas about the future in this group are often negatively colored.

Conclusions

Figurative and semantic ideas about childhood, adulthood and about oneself in the present and in the future in girls with eating disorders have qualitative characteristics in comparison with the control group.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Siblings’ experiences of having a brother or sister with an eating disorder
Authors: Heneghan A. , Manitsa I. , Livanou M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the huge effect eating disorders (Eds) have on the lives of sufferers and their families there has been little research on the effect an ED has on siblings even though their lives are repeatedly significantly affected by the situation. It is important to gain more insight into the experiences and needs of siblings as the nature and magnitude of the effect of patients EDs on non-affected siblings is mixed in the current research.

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review allowing an extensive search of the current literature to identify where the current research is lacking. Also, to highlight the need for a greater focus on the effect of EDs on siblings both in research and clinical practice.

Methods

A systematic review is being conducted to gain an understanding of the gaps in the literature.

Results

It is expected that the systematic review will reveal a lack of literature regarding siblings’ experiences of having a brother or sister with an ED. As well as showing the conflicting emotions felt by the siblings, both positive due to the love they feel for their sibling and negative due to the burden they feel.

Conclusions

By raising awareness of the needs of non-affected siblings this research should have a notable impact on their experiences by highlighting the need for specific interventions and support services as well as education about their siblings’ ED.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
My stomach is full
Authors: Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , De Uribe Viloria N. , Guerra Valera G. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Vallecillo Adame C. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Santos Carrasco I. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Navarro Barriga N. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Fernández Lozano M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Anorexia nervosa is an eating behavior disorder that is often related to various personality factors. The relationship between obsessive compulsive disorder and eating Disorders has been highlighted.

Objectives

To present a clinical case of a patient with eating disorder and gastric bezoar, secondary to compulsive hair ingestion.

Methods

Bibliographic review of articles published in relation to the comorbidity of these disorders, based on articles published in the last 5 years in Pubmed.

Results

26-year-old female. Diagnosis of restrictive anorexia nervosa. She was admitted to the hospital on two occasions for nutritional disorders. In the last admission, she reported greater anxiety and significant weight loss. She reports that she has limited her food intake, but she does feel thin and is unable to eat for fear of gaining weight. Ruminative thoughts about her body image. During admission, the patient expressed a sensation of fullness, nausea and vomiting, later observing in abdominal X-ray and gastroscopy, the presence of a gastric trichobezoar, which was finally resolved conservatively.

Conclusions

Trichotillomania is observerd in 1 in 2000 people, trichophagia is even less frequent. According to DSM-
V, these disorders are grouped within obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. A Trichobezoar is a conglomerate that can be found in the stomach or intestine, composed mainly of hair, previously ingested. Trichotillomania can be associated with anorexia nervosa, especially in patients with obsessive personality traits, which occurs frequently. The gastric slowing that patients with anorexia often present is a factor that favors the formation of the bezoar

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Eating Disorders during the pandemic COVID-2019
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Santos Carrasco I. , Fernández Lozano M. , Mateos Sexmero M.J. , Navarro Barriga N. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Guerra Valera G. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Valdivieso Burón C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Concerns about health and fitness during lockdown may serve as a trigger for eating disorders in vulnerable individuals. Other risk factors may also include increased use of social networks and comparison with beauty ideals. Isolation, loneliness and problems with emotional regulation may lead people to reduce food intake by giving them a greater sense of control.

Objectives

Emphasise the relevance of the increase in the incidence of Eating Disorders (ED) cases during the pandemic.

Methods

Review of the scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.

Results

14-year-old female, residing with her mother. She reports that from the beginning of COVID-19 confinement she became obsessed with leading a healthier life, starting to restrict food, limiting fats and carbohydrates, and having also started compulsive physical activity (approximately 4 hours of aerobic exercise per day), without associated purging behaviours. She also acknowledges eating small amounts (although she minimises this aspect) and controlling all calories, stating that food and practices aimed at “staying healthy” now dominate her life. Her previous BMI was 18, with a current BMI of 11.7.

Conclusions

Patients suffering from ED, who often have poor knowledge of their illness and find social-emotional communication difficult, may delay seeking help. Studies suggest the relevance of identifying specific vulnerability factors among ED patients in confinement in order to develop preventive strategies and personalised treatment approaches.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mental Health of Unaccompanied Immigrant Youth
Authors: Morales N. , Collazos F. , Qureshi A.
Published: September 2022

The number of UMY in Spain is increasing, since the early 1990s, mostly coming from the Maghreb, although the number of those coming from different sub-Saharan African countries has gradually increased. Most of them leave their countries fleeing poverty, violence, and in search of better opportunities. They may be influenced by traumatic experiences and social stressors that can lead to emotional distress and mental health problems. They have particular needs and characteristics, so the local Child Protection Systems need to adapt their procedures to facilitate the youngsters’ social Integration and psychosocial development. This presentation will describe an ongoing project being carried out in Catalonia, the main objective is to guarantee the right to mental health of UMY in the Protection System through culturally competent biopsychosocial care, and to effectively coordinate care between the public mental health network and the Child Protection System. Finally, through training and the acquisition of competencies, the aim is to avoid burnout in professionals who care for these youths on the front line. The approach is consistent with the cultural consultation models developed in Montreal and London with the goal of providing structural support for localized and culturally competent responses. This project, to be developed over two years, has four main subprojects: 1. On-line training for professionals in “Cultural competence in mental health and psychosocial intervention”. 2. Training of “peer” UMY as “Community Mental Health Agents”. 3. Creation and implementation of multidisciplinary groups of psychosocial intervention. 4. Culturally competent psychiatric and psychological assessment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Assessment of impulsivity and other psychological factors in obese patients
Authors: Martin Villalba I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Obesity is a multiorgan disorder that is caused by eating a much larger overeating that the body needs to live. Obese people tend to eat a lot and after hours, and it is hypothetised that it exists a relationship between increased impulsivity and obesity. In addition these patients tend to have more psychopathology,

Objectives

The aim of the study is to observe if obese people ingest impulsively and if there are differences between the sexes regarding impulsivity. Also it will be studied the relationship between impulsivity in these patients and other psychosocial factors, anxiety and depression symptoms and personality traits.

Methods

It was carried out an assessment of impulsivity in 30 obese population followed at the outpatient Endocrinology that attended pre-bariatric surgery groups.Patients were handed the Plutchik impulsivity questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Results

In our sample, 43.4% of the obese patients did not show high levels of impulsivity, while 56.6% did show markedly impulsive traits. No differences in impulsivity between sexes were found. No other significant relationships with addititional psychological factors were found.

Conclusions

A larger sample is needed to reach a conclusion and to extrapolate the results to the general population. People with morbid obesity have higher impulsivity and a binge eating;in addition they have more psychopathology, mainly affective, greater impulsivity and greater severity on scales that assess the core symptoms of disordered eating behavior and body dissatisfaction.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Tunisian’s largest Psychiatric emergency department in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Sayari N. , Maamri A. , Charaa O. , Hajri A. , Zalila H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

General Lockdown was first declared in Tunisia from March 20th to May 4th 2020 to contain the spread of COVID19 pandemic, the last sanitary lockdown period was declared from July 12th to august 1st in 2021. Psychiatric emergency access and consultation has been affected by the confinement. RAZI Hospital Emergency Department (RHED) is the only emergency department in Tunisia specialized in psychiatry. Thus making it the most representative psychiatric emergency health care service in Tunisia.

Objectives

To assess changes in patients flow and admission rates in RHED in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown

Methods

We examined emergency room records and the hospital’s computer admission database during the first and the last COVID19 lockdowns and compared it to the same period of the previous year.

Results

The number of consultations was significantly lower in 2020 lockdown (N = 577) compared the same period in 2019 (N = 1525) (p<10−3). We observed a drop in RHED emergency hospitalization rate from 45.57% to 29.81% during this study period. The number of consultations per day was significantly lower during the first lockdown (N= 12.44) compared to the last lockdown (N=26.61) (p<10−3), the hospitalization rate rose from 29.81% during the first lockdown to 44.36% during the last.

Conclusions

Fear of COVID19 contamination and lockdown limitation had a huge impact on RHED visits and admissions. Medical team had to adjust in order to prevent further delay in acute psychiatric care.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Prevalence and forms of aggressive behavior among patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward
Authors: Girasek H. , Soos A. , Gazdag G.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Aggressive behavior is frequently associated with acute psychiatric admission. Several studies highlight the increased risk of aggression in certain psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore the extent of aggressive behavior, its various manifestations, and its association with gender, age, and diagnosis among patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward.

Methods

Patients admitted to our acute psychiatric ward in a three months period were included and the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression - Inpatient Version (DASA-IV) questionnaire was administered in the first seven days after admission for all patients.

Results

A total of 290 patients, 153 men and 137 women, with a mean age of 46.9 years (SD=17.5) participated in the study. Men were overrepresented among patients who showed aggressive behavior (p=.008). There was no correlation between age and DASA-IV score (p=.259). 40% of patients (N=116) did not show aggression, while 60% (N=174) experienced some form of aggression. Of those who exhibited some form of aggressive behavior, 94% had only low, 4% had high, and 2% had extremely high levels of aggression. Aggression was most common in patients with intellectual disabilities, dementia, and bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

According to our findings the majority of the acutely admitted psychiatric patients shows no or only low level of aggression. There were also differences in the forms and extent of aggressive behavior between the diagnostic groups. Risk assessment is important because it provides an opportunity for early detection and prevention, and the development of personalized treatment plans.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Socioeconomic factors and regional differences in mental disorder-based disability pensioning in Finland
Authors: Karolaakso T. , Autio R. , Näppilä T. , Nurmela K. , Leppänen H. , Rissanen P. , Tuomisto M. , Karvonen S. , Pirkola S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Prior literature has indicated low socioeconomic status (SES) and regional differences as epidemiological risk factors for disability pension (DP) due to mental disorders.

Objectives

Our studies aimed to examine these associations and differences in greater detail, with separate consideration of the risk factors for mood disorders (F30–39) and non-affective psychotic disorder (F20–29) DP.

Methods

Subjects (N = 36 879) were all those granted DP due to a mental disorder for the first time between 2010 and 2015 in Finland. All the subjects were matched with three controls. Education, income and occupational status were used as measures of SES. Conditional logistic regression models were used to study SES differences. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to study the levels of DP risk in the Finnish hospital districts.

Results

DP recipients had low educational and income levels and often lived alone. The risk of DP was greater in white-collar occupational groups compared with blue-collar workers. Students had the greatest risk of DP for all mental and mood disorders. Significant differences in the regional mental disorder DP risks did not appear to follow the traditional Finnish health differences.

Conclusions

We found evidence of SES factors and regional variation associating with mental disorder-related severe loss of working and studying ability in a disorder-specific way. The increased risk of white-collar worker DP could be related to the psychosocially demanding contemporary working life. Regional variation in DP may at least partly relate to differences in regional mental health service systems.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mortality from suicide among adolescents and young people in the Altai Republic, Russia, for the period of 1990-2019
Authors: Semenova N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The Altai Republic (AR) is the national subject of the Russian Federation where suicidal situation is unfavorable as the death rate from suicide exceeds the national rates by three times. The high level of suicide among adolescents and young people is especially alarming.

Objectives

To analyze the dynamics of mortality from suicide among adolescents and young people in the AR for the period from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

Data on mortality of the population were obtained from the Russian databases of demographic indicators and analyzed in terms standardized per 100,000 population.

Results

The highest mortality rates from suicide are recorded in the 20-24 age group. The suicide rate, compared to 1990, decreased slightly from 82.5 (in 1990) to 79.7 per 100 thousand (in 2019). The dynamics of mortality from suicide among adolescents aged 15-19 is also unstable. When comparing the indicators in 1990 and in 2019, one can verify the negative dynamics in the form of a 4-fold increase in the suicide rate – from 14.4 (in 1990) to 58 (in 2019). An analysis of the ethnicity of young people who committed complete suicide showed that the majority of suicides (90%) were indigenous Altaians.

Conclusions

In adolescents and young people of the AR, the death rate from suicide exceeds the all-Russian indicators from 7.9 to 9.3 times. Effective preventive measures are needed to improve the situation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Is it Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Stimulant use disorder ? How is ADHD diagnosed?
Authors: Sud N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

From clinical experience, majority of patients in adult forensic services who have childhood diagnosis of ADHD self-report onset of substance misuse around the age of 12.

Objectives

Aim of the study was to explore if routine screening of childhood substance use is considered by ADHD diagnostic services.

Methods

PsycINFO and Embase databases were searched with the keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, primary care/general practice, family physicians ,paediatrics, and children/adolescents, child and adolescent psychiatry, diagnostic assessments, substance / drug use, prescription drugs and drug screening.

Results

24 articles were retrieved for age groups 12 to 17 years. Studies identified substance misuse as highly comorbid with ADHD but more so in conduct disorder. Studies identified diversion risk in adolescents.

Conclusions

Both ADHD and amphetamine misuse disorders are Axis 1 disorders (Baldwin 2009). Literature links substance misuse in ADHD to conduct disorder. There needs to be research into the diagnostic overlap between conduct disorder and ADHD and how this fits into the trauma model of adult offender treatment pathways. Treatment pathways for ADHD or conduct disorder and childhood onset substance misuse disorder are not clear both in primary or secondary care. Literature appears to put emphasis on early diagnosis and prescription stimulant treatment outside the social and psychological context and cites outcomes of the short term studies as reason for continued prescriptions in adolescence and beyond. There is need for studies exploring perspectives and trajectories of amphetamine use in adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, adolescence and as adults.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The Transdiagnostic Self-Injury Interview: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kjaer J.N. , Holm T. , Bliksted V. , Ellegaard T. , Dolmer S. , Mors O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with emotional distress and mental disorders. In clinical samples NSSI is reported by 21% to 60% of all psychiatric patients. Developed NSSI instruments are not suitable for clinical settings because they are too time-consuming or lack validation across psychiatric diagnoses.

The Transdiagnostic Self-Injury Interview (TSI) is semi-structured interview that accesses onset, frequency, methods, and severity of NSSI. It is transdiagnostic and developed for clinical settings.

Objectives

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of a TSI validation study. The study will also provide preliminary validation of the instrument.

Methods

The feasibility study will recruit participants at in- and outpatient units from a university hospital. Participants can be included in the study if they are 18 years old and admitted to a psychiatric in- or outpatient unit.

Instruments:
The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory will be used to test concurrent validity. Convergent validity will be tested with the Columbia Suicidality Severity Rating Scale, the Personal and Social Performance scale, the Affective Lability Scale-short, and the Brief Trauma Questionnaire. Interrater reliability will be evaluated in groups of medical doctors, psychologist, and other clinical professionals.

Feasibility are measured by inclusion of participants per week, the time each participant takes to complete the study instruments, and number of dropouts.

Results

Recruitment of participants will start in the fall of 2021. We aim to recruit 50 participants.

Conclusions

When TSI has been validated, it can be used to assess prevalence and severity of NSSI and clarify the need for treatment and supervision.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychological benefits of pre-conceptional and pre-marital genetic diagnosis in conservative societies
Authors: Bouayed Abdelmoula N. , Abdelmoula B. , Kammoun S. , Abid F. , Aloulou S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Preconceptional genetic diagnosis help couples of genetic disorders carrier risk making an informed reproductive decision. The risk is considerably higher for consanguineous couples. Premarital screening can also offers a crucial health assessment of soon-to-be married couples with genetic risk factors based on specific family history. However, such approach is not usually easy to manage in conservative societies, particularly when the affected family refuse to deliver the necessary information about the genetic condition considered as a taboo.

Objectives

Here, we addressed the psychological benefits of preconceptional and premarital genetic diagnosis through a retrospective study about the preconceptional diagnosis inquiries in our genetic counselling.

Methods

In order to assess requests for autosomal recessive disorders during ten years of our genetic counselling activity at the medical university of Sfax, we reviewed 2500 medical files.

Results

Three couples were recorded for genetic preconceptional diagnosis. Another couple was documented for seeking a premarital screening for an unknown neuropathy before wedding engagement decision. This single case was referred to us because of a familial history of a severe neuropathy that was noted in the offspring of a shared cousin. The couple was unable to bring us more information about the genetic condition because of the familial repugnance.

Conclusions

Although our study is limited at the genetic level, it could be socially interesting because it showed the negative attitudes of the general population towards the genetic conditions and the familial responsiveness, as well as the reticence of physicians towards genetic preconceptional and premarital carrier diagnosis.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Should “medical students` disease” be regarded as a true disease entity? Cross-sectional study among Polish students
Authors: Szczurek K. , Furgał N. , Szczepanek D. , Krysta K. , Krzystanek M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

There is a widely known stereotype about medical majors repeated by generations of medical practitioners called ,,medical student disease”. It’s based on a belief that unexperienced students are prone to develop pathological fear of medical conditions they are studying about.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to examine two populations of students - medical and non-medical ones in order to compare their level of hypochondriacal behavior and health-related anxiety. Moreover we looked for other factors which might have had an influence on hypochondria and nosophobia among them.

Methods

The proprietary questionnaire was completed by 606 students (303 medical students of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice and 293 students of the 3 largest non-medical universities in Katowice).

Results

The results show that medical students receive same scores on a nosophobia scale as students of non-medical universities (p=0,5). The analysis of hypochondriacal behavior showed significantly higher results in non-medical students group (p=0,02) .The higher medical students were at the stages of academic education, the higher the results of nosophobia they obtained. In the entire study group female received higher score in relation to the fear of illness (p = 0.001). People with mental disorders achieve significantly higher results of nosophobia (p <0.001 in the entire group) and of hypochondria (p <0.001 for the entire cohort).

Conclusions

Our study challenges the widespread belief that medical students, compared to their peers, are overly anxious about their own health. Gender and having a mental illness are predictors of hypochondria and nosophobia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Primum non nocere: psychosurgery in a case of severe anorexia nervosa. A case report
Authors: Cerame A. , Del Valle M. , Coucheiro Limeres P. , Franco Soler A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Bilateral cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy are two neurosurgical procedures which are reserved as a last resort for cases of severe OCD in Spain; these procedures are not approved in cases of AN.

Objectives

We present the case of a 29-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) when she was 15 (2006). Due to the severity of the case the patient needed to be hospitalized for many months due to excessive weight loss. She was also treated in an out-patient department and started several intensive psychotherapeutic procedures. In 2015 the patient’s family took her to a private clinic where she was diagnosed with Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and had a bilateral cingulotomy and anterior capsulotomy.

Methods

A case report where the ethical implications of the case are weighed alongside a review of the relevant literature regarding neurosurgical treatments of AN.

Results

There were no significant short or long term improvements in terms of Body Mass Index or reduction of symptoms, the patient’s cognitive functions showed a decline in neuropsychological tests. Contrary to that the patient has needed hospitalizations for at least 9 months per year since the surgery and has needed admission in the Intensive Care Unit at least 3 times because of extreme malnutrition. Due to her need for chronic hospitalization was institutionalized in a long-stay psychiatric hospital.

Conclusions

Psychosurgery is a controversial therapy which has limited evidence in cases of AN. Our case shows the way in which neurosurgical procedures can do more harm than good and worsen the prognosis of patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Bulletin of the Regional Medical Chamber as a forum for ethical discourse in psychiatry and sexology
Authors: Kosmowski W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Since last year there has been a lively ethical discussion in Poland about the influence of religion and new cultural currents on medical ethics. There are many ways to work towards increasing ethical sensitivity in education of mental health care professionals.

Objectives

This paper presents the ethical discourse in the bulletin “Primum” of Bydgoszcz Medical Chamber (24 chambers in Poland associate doctors and dentists): www.bil.org.pl/primum - English translations: www.dropbox.com/s/xthu7wyt56ecjwp/Primum_translations.docx?dl=0.

Methods

All texts dealing with issues described were collected and divided into three groups: promoting new currents of thought, faithful to tradition, others. Presented views were analyzed basing on Polish Code of Medical Ethics (nil.org.pl/uploaded_images/1574857770_kodeks-etyki-lekarskiej.pdf) and compared with dominating philosophical schools.

Results

A total of 33 articles were published: 20 presenting new approach to medical ethics, supported by the Editorial Board (72% of the total), 7 embedded in traditional values (22%), 6 without a clear stand or denying the discourse on ethical issues (6%). Articles presented philosophical views (personalism, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, constructionism), discussed ethical standards, actions contrary to the dignity of medical profession, value of human life, compliance of arguments with medical knowledge, principles of dealing with patients in terminal states, the duty of care for the pregnant woman and her child.

Conclusions

All texts show dilemmas in our environment, reflect views in Polish society and in ethical discourse around the world. Thanks to them, readers familiarize themselves with the contemporary ethical debate and form their own opinions; also they are encouraged to reach for the indicated sources and their own research.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Hospitalization in Psychiatry: Patients’ experiences at Arrazi Psychiatric Hospital in Morocco
Authors: Chaara A. , Laboudi F. , Ouanass A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Hospitalization in psychiatry is marked by the use of care without consent.

We therefore proposed to study from this perspective the feelings and opinions of patients on such an experience.

Objectives

The objective of this work is to explore the experiences of patients and their perception of the effects of this hospitalization, through 3 fundamental ethical principles: Autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence.

Methods

This study will be conducted at Arrazi Psychitaric Hospital, in patients at the end of their stay, via a questionnaire.

Results

A total of 122 patients attended the study. A very large proportion of patients were satisfied with the premises, space planning, and had knowledge of a structured planning of the organization of care. A senior doctor was identified by 95% of them. Eighty five per cent were free to move around in the hospital.

The information on the care offered was perceived by 83.7%. The rates are lower with respect to clear explanations received on the disease, the effects of drugs and the type of hospitalization.

Regarding the feelings experienced during the stay, 83% of people who spoke mentioned a painful experience. The feelings that prevailed were a feeling of helplessness, fear, worthlessness. On the other hand, a majority of patients expressed that the hospitalization had protective effects towards themselves and towards others, but that it wasn’t justified.

Conclusions

These results suggest that autonomy and beneficence are respected. Therefore, an attention should be paid to various information given during the stay.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.