bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drawing in the Domain: An investigation into the dialogue between analogue and digital tools through the design of a Paraparaumu sports clubrooms
Authors:   , Hope William Arthur
Published: December 2021

Tourism in New Zealand is often about nature. On the Kapiti Coast, tourism is preoccupied with the island, but this research looks at possibilities of cultural tourism in Paraparaumu township: away from risks of coastal erosion, sea level rise, and potential tsunamis. Sport is important to local culture and the objective is to explore the architectural potential for the Paraparaumu Domain. The existing Paraparaumu Rugby Club, Old Boys Cricket Club, Athletics Club, and Memorial Hall are all in separate buildings, used at separate times, during different parts of the year. What kind of architecture could help celebrate local sports culture? What kind of processes might be cultivated through such a project and how could they influence the design? Through the design of a shared sports clubrooms in the domain I searched for design processes and typological hybrids that could both connect to the local cultures, but also to discover more complex technical and spatial possibilities. Beginning with a typical cement block I explored an interior quality of the existing clubrooms; one that is unpretentious and modest. I experimented with analogue and digital processes to draw out a relationship between qualities, thinking how blunt instruments can come together with more sophisticated ones.
Glacio-lacustrine sedimentation in newly discovered paleo-lakes, Westland, New Zealand
Authors:   , Thomas Adam Michael
Published: December 2021

The remnant effects of Quaternary glaciation dominate the geomorphology of South Westland, New Zealand. Well-constrained glaciogenic records for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~MIS 2) show ice to have extended significant distances across the Westland piedmont, becoming tidewater calving in places. Despite clear evidence for glacial advance, landscape response to glacial retreat remains relatively poorly understood, with few described sedimentary sequences clearly recording deglaciation processes. A 240-metre thick glacio-lacustrine sedimentary sequence intercepted by drilling in the Whataroa Valley (DFDP-2) provides the first compelling evidence of pro-glacial lake formation in response to glacial retreat in Westland. To understand the vertical facies succession observed in this sequence, two glacio-lacustrine facies schemes and depositional models were developed. To do this, previously unmapped glacio-lacustrine sedimentary sequences in the Westland region underwent detailed sedimentological analysis to identify key glacio-lacustrine facies. In the Waitangitaona and Arahura river valleys, the presence of glacio-lacustrine sequences is also used to mark paleo-lake formation in the respective catchments.   Using the facies scheme and depositional models, together with 14C chronology and sedimentological analysis, a series of conclusions are developed from the DFDP-2 sequence: 1) Deposition occurred in an over-deepened glacial trough, with the sequence consisting of a basal diamictite, overlain by a ~ 140-metre interval of lacustrine  siltstones and sandstones. 2) The lower ~ 180-metres of sediment accumulated in 659 ± 151 yrs between 16609 ± 151 and 15994 ± 94 cal. yr BP, as the depositional environment at the drill-site evolved from an ice contact to an ice distal lacustrine setting. 3) Extremely rapid sedimentation rates, as well as high lake levels allowed the preservation of glacially over-steepened bedrock slopes beneath the Whataroa Valley.   The formation of a previously unknown, ~190 km2 pro-glacial lake on the Whataroa piedmont is inferred from the DFDP-2 sequence, with lake formation causing accelerated glacial retreat from the late LGM maxima. The presence of several catchments with comparable piedmont geometry suggests pro-glacial lake formation may have been a common response to glacial retreat in Westland. For a period, pro-glacial lakes may have been a significant transitory feature on the Westland landscape.
Te Hokinga Mai O Ngā Tūpuna: Māori Perspectives of Repatriation and the Scientific Research of Ancestral Remains.
Authors:   , Aranui Amber
Published: December 2021

The repatriation of human remains has been the subject of much discussion and debate, especially since the 1990s. Since then, there has been a marked increase in the international literature relating to museums, indigenous peoples and repatriation; however, this literature is mainly written from the perspective of museums and universities. Although there has been some publication of the views on repatriation of indigenous communities there is a conspicuous absence of Māori perspectives in this literature. In particular, there is a lack of Māori voice on the repatriation of ancestral remains, as well as a lack of commentary on the so-called scientific research on ancestral remains that has taken place, and continues to take place, in universities, museums, and medical institutions around the world. This lack of indigenous perspective in the repatriation literature has resulted in mainstream assumptions about why indigenous communities, such as Māori, have been so active in repatriation activities over the last 25 years. The assumptions have tended to view the motives of indigenous peoples as politically motivated and even go as far as describing them as “activist” in nature rather than motivated by cultural beliefs and imperatives. This perceived view, as well as the views of many writers in the scientific and museum professions who do not agree with the repatriation of human remains back to origin communities because of their “loss to science” and therefore humankind, has prompted hotly contested debates concerning these issues. These contested views lead inevitably to the question of consent and whether the taking of skeletal remains from burial contexts to carry out ‘scientific’ research without consent is deemed ethical by today’s standards.  The primary aim of this thesis is to document Māori perspectives on the repatriation of ancestral human remains and to understand the significance of Māori ancestral human remains for descendant communities. A secondary aim is to review some of the scientific research which has been carried out on Māori ancestral remains, and to identify the benefits, if any, of that research for descendant communities.
Manurau: A conceptual framework of Māori leadership practice in the New Zealand public sector
Authors:   , Bean Daryn
Published: December 2021

This kaupapa Māori examination of Māori leadership in the New Zealand public sector reveals that the experience of Māori working in government agencies is neither well understood nor specifically addressed in the fields of public administration and public-sector leadership. The study found that a key leadership practice of Māori public servants is to position themselves strategically and thoughtfully to advance mātauranga Māori and kaupapa Māori. They are public servants who are cognisant of the Crown–Māori spaces in which they occupy. They are careful in their assumptions and views about the underlying forces at play and the responsibility they have in working for government. They are concerned about the legitimate place of mātauranga Māori and kaupapa Māori in kāwanatanga spaces and work to alleviate and mitigate bureaucratic pressures imposed by the dominant Westminster model of governance. Māori leadership practices are designed and constructed through personal models of leadership shaped by Māori values, legacies, whakapapa, and whānau upbringing. Māori leadership practice has influence beyond the hierarchical structures of kāwanatanga. Metaphorically, Māori public servants are manu kōrero (literally, knowledge birds) who, given the right conditions, would not operate alone singularly, but operate as many birds, as Manurau (literally, one hundred birds). They work inside kāwanatanga – empowering and leading others, expressing rangatiratanga from a position of personal integrity, humility, and authority. This study applied critical theoretical tools for research and analysis and found answers that are rooted in kaupapa and mātauranga Māori methodologies. Te Arawatanga, as a tribal framework, positions the insider Māori researcher into a safe cultural space to be courageous about expressing rangatiratanga in a kāwanatanga context. Whakapapa analysis grounds the research within a Māori ontology. Whakataukī emphasises the Māori voices and narratives framed within the wisdom of ancestors. This study can be said to rest on the shoulders of those with lived experience who see with Māori eyes, hear with Māori ears and feel with a Māori heart. The significance of this thesis therefore provides a ‘starting point’ that seeks to legitimate the Māori leadership contribution to New Zealand’s public service and advocates for greater recognition and validation of Māori leadership practice and indigenous leadership in public administration globally.
Black Hole Evaporation: Sparsity in Analogue and General Relativistic Space-Times
Authors:   , Schuster Sebastian
Published: December 2021

Our understanding of black holes changed drastically, when Stephen Hawking discovered their evaporation due to quantum mechanical processes. One core feature of this effect, later named after him, is both its similarity and simultaneous dissimilarity to classical black body radiation as known from thermodynamics: A black hole’s spectrum certainly looks like that of a black (or at least grey) body, yet the number of emitted particles per unit time differs greatly. However it is precisely this emission rate that determines — together with the frequency of the emitted radiation — whether the resulting radiation field behaves classical or non-classical. It has been known nearly since the Hawking effect’s discovery that the radiation of a black hole is in this sense non-classical (unlike the radiation of a classical black or grey body). However, this has been an utterly underappreciated property. In order to give a more readily quantifiable picture of this, we introduced the notion of ‘sparsity’, which is easily evaluated, and interpreted, and agrees with more rigorous results despite a semi-classical, semi-analytical origin. Sadly, and much to relativists’ chagrin, astrophysical black holes (and their Hawking evaporation) have a tendency to be observationally elusive entities. Luckily, Hawking’s derivation lends itself to reformulations that survive outside its astrophysical origin — all one needs, are three things: a universal speed limit (like the speed of sound, the speed of light, the speed of surface waves, . . . ), a notion of a horizon (the ‘black hole’), and lastly a sprinkle of quantum dynamics on top. With these ingredients at hand, the last thirty-odd years have seen a lot of work to transfer Hawking radiation into the laboratory, using a range of physical models. These range from fluid mechanics, over electromagnetism, to Bose–Einstein condensates, and beyond. A large part of this thesis was then aimed at providing electromagnetic analogues to prepare an analysis of our notion of sparsity in this new paradigm. For this, we developed extensively a purely algebraic (kinematical) analogy based on covariant meta-material electrodynamics, but also an analytic (dynamical) analogy based on stratified refractive indices. After introducing these analogue space-time models, we explain why the notion of sparsity (among other things) is much
Mechanisms of rainfall-induced landsliding in Wellington fill slopes
Authors:   , Cosgrove Bradley Mark
Published: December 2021

Recent landslides from Wellington fill slopes have occurred as potentially hazardous, mobile debris flow-slides with long runouts during heavy rainstorms. Globally, catastrophic landslides from fill slopes are well documented, and in many instances their rapid failure and long runout suggests that their shear zones may be subject to liquefaction. Various generations of fill slopes throughout Wellington, and urban New Zealand, have been constructed using different practices and at variable scales. Despite this, very few laboratory based studies to determine how different fill slopes may perform during rainstorms have been attempted, as conventional laboratory tests do not adequately simulate the failure conditions in the slope.  This study uses a novel, dynamic back-pressured shear box to conduct rapid shear and specialist pore pressure inflation tests in order to replicate rainfall induced failure conditions in fill slopes with different consolidation histories and particle size characteristics. During each test, excess pore-water pressures and deformation were monitored until failure in order to determine the failure mechanisms operating.  This study demonstrates that the failure mechanisms in fill slopes are strongly influenced by the consolidation history and particle size characteristics of the shear zone materials. In over-consolidated and fine grained (< 0.4 mm) fills where cohesion is present, brittle failure was observed. In these materials, failures occur more rapidly but require much higher pore-water pressures to initiate. Conversely, normally-consolidated fill slopes constructed from coarser material (0.4 - 2 mm) fail through ductile deformation processes, which typically initiate at much lower pore-water pressures but result in a less rapid slope failure. Although liquefaction was not observed, excess pore-water pressures can be generated during rapid shearing, indicating that liquefaction could occur after a landslide has initiated in conditions where excess pore-water pressures are unable to dissipate away from the shear zone. These results provide new insights into the types of failure that may be anticipated from different fill slopes, the hazards they may pose and potential mitigation measures that could be implemented.
Investigating the Relationship Between Approval and Experiences of Intimate Partner Aggression in Heterosexual Relationships
Authors:   , Cavanagh Saara
Published: December 2021

This study explored the relationship between participants’ approval of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and their experiences of IPA in heterosexual relationships. Male (n = 216) and female (n = 299) university students completed an online questionnaire that consisted of the Conflict Tactic Scale-2, the Controlling Behaviours Survey-revised, and the Beliefs about Relationship Aggression Scale. Bivariate analyses showed the majority of aggressive and controlling behaviours were perpetrated and experienced at similar rates between men and women. ANOVA found an interaction effect where both male and female participants held greater approval of female-to-male aggression, compared to male-to-female aggression, when provoked by physical, sexual, or psychological aggression, or infidelity. An interaction between participants’ gender and the aggressors’ gender in the vignettes showed men were significantly more approving of female aggression than women. ANOVA also demonstrated a main effect of perpetration status (aggressive/non-aggressive), where aggressive students approved of IPA more than non-aggressive students, regardless of the participant’s or the aggressor’s gender. These findings show that participants, especially male participants, hold chivalrous beliefs about IPA in heterosexual relationships. Although this chivalrous pattern also held for aggressive participants, aggressive men and women both displayed significantly higher approval of aggression by both male and female perpetrators than non-aggressive controls. Therefore, this study found perpetrators of IPA not only approve of aggression by their own gender significantly more than non-aggressors, but also tolerate aggression by the opposite gender more readily. The need for treatment to address beliefs that approve of IPA by both partners in heterosexual relationships, rather than gender specific beliefs, is discussed alongside other implications for practice and policy.
Factors Affecting Reading for Pleasure Practices in Community Libraries in Thailand
Authors:   , Boonaree Chommanaad
Published: December 2021

Studies have identified that reading for pleasure (RfP) has a positive influence on reading behaviour and is more important for academic success than family socioeconomic status (SES) (OECD, 2010). RfP can play a significant role in promoting literacy development, and reading behaviour in areas of low SES. In Thailand, however, RfP is a contested reading concept because reading is traditionally associated with academic purposes. To investigate the current status of RfP in Thailand and the role played by community libraries (CLs) in its promotion, a study was undertaken in the largest and most economically disadvantaged part of Thailand, the Northeast region, or Isan. This research lies within the social constructivism paradigm and uses an applied multiple case study design. The study has two objectives: 1) to identify the factors affecting RfP reading promotion practice in CLs in Isan, and 2) to determine how these factors affect RfP reading promotion practice in CLs in Isan. Data were collected in eight CLs by 1) semi-structured interviews, 2) observations during library visits and library activity attendance, and 3) documentary analysis conducted on documentary sources. Qualitative data were analysed by open coding using NVivo11. The generation of a preliminary set of codes was deductively derived from literature and the research framework which was based on 1) Krashen’s Free Voluntary Reading (FVR), and 2) Asselin & Doiron’s Ecological Framework for Community Library Developments. Four theoretical categories were derived from the iterative inductive data analysis and the deductive literature review: 1) Thai Reading Context, 2) Thai Cultural and Social Factors, 3) Isan Socioeconomic Influences, and 4) CL Factors. They were used to write case reports on four types of CL: 1) CLs established by an expert organization, 2) CLs under the Office of the Non-Formal and Informal Education (ONIE), 3) CLs established by health promotors, and 4) CLs established by individuals. This was followed by cross-case analysis derived from combining, comparing or contrasting the findings from each case, providing a higher level of interpretation showing in four themes: Theme A. Provision of Book Access in Disadvantaged Areas; Theme B. Literacy Development Support; Theme C. Provision of an Inclusive, Safe Atmosphere; and Theme D. Active Roles of Key Individuals in RfP.
"You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking
Authors:   , Mukesh Sumu Diya
Published: December 2021

This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking.   This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability.  The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.
Trickle-down assurances: Could the central authority, treaty, or judiciary alleviate extradition issues amongst non-traditional treaty partners?
Authors:   , Wong Jack
Published: December 2021

As New Zealand is facing its first extradition matter with China, it is becoming an increasingly cumbersome matter for the Crown. The current set of diplomatic assurances offered by the Crown in Kim lacks efficient post-sentencing monitoring mechanisms. It also lacks accountability for the Crown if a requested-person’s assurance rights have been breached. This thesis suggests that new post-sentencing monitoring mechanisms should be introduced, such as the induction of the Ombudsman to perform their duties in off-shore prison facilities. This thesis is of the view that, contrary to the general opinions of NGOs, an extradition treaty with China is necessary (and perhaps long overdue). Not only for New Zealand’s commitment against transnational crimes, but also to protect stringent monitoring mechanisms for pre-and post-sentencing while addressing any future breaches by the Requesting-State under the Vienna Convention on the Laws of Treaties, especially when there is an option of adjudication under the International Court of Justice. This thesis concludes the Courts should also be more involved in the extradition process. While balancing the need for comity and mutual respect, but allowing the Courts to be able to assess assurance-related evidence if absolutely necessary.
A Modern Perspective on Phishing: An investigation into susceptibility to phishing attacks between mobile and desktop email clients
Authors:   , Nowitz Jayden
Published: December 2021

Research on how to counter phishing from a user behavior perspective has been explored for over a decade, yet the prevalence of such threats is increasing. This thesis aims to provide a modern perspective by considering if there is a difference in how susceptible an individual is on a mobile device versus a desktop email client. Currently very few studies consider phishing on mobile devices and the research is unclear as to the potential difference in susceptibility rates between the two device types. Initially a review of 60 phishing emails received by the university that had passed mail filtering were used to assist in the design of the messages to be used in the second stage of the study. Following this a simulated phishing attack on two groups in one unit of professional administrative staff in the university (141 in total with 71 in Group A and 70 in Group B) within the university was undertaken. The defining characteristic between the groups was how they responded to a message with a ‘loss versus gain’ appeal. This area has received limited exploration in the research and findings remain unclear. This study found that people were statistically far more susceptible to the ‘gain’ message of a free coffee at 28.2% than the ‘loss’ message of Office365 account suspension 7.1% . For device type there appears to be no statistically significant difference, even between the groups. This study highlights the complexities of device usage around phishing, that have not been clearly highlighted in previous studies, such as people viewing emails with one device and falling victim on another device.
Emergency Relief Station
Authors:   , Bhaven Divyesh
Published: December 2021

This thesis explores the potential large public architecture offers for efficient transformation into a relief station in post-disaster situations. The increase in catastrophic disasters globally has demonstrated a widespread lack of preparedness in these situations. There is a shortage of safe, comfortable, and self-sufficient hubs for coordinating relief activity, for sheltering temporarily and providing emergency care to disaster victims, and relief personnel.  Disaster relief generally involves the urgent dispatching of medical supplies, food, water, blankets, sanitation systems, temporary shelters, and relief personnel to affected locations. Following the recent devastating spate of earthquakes and flood disasters in New Zealand makeshift relief centres were set up in public parks, schools, and community facilities to house displaced victims. These were set up to function as efficient relief stations. The facilities also depend heavily on deployed relief supplies and the public for donations and support. In addition, these relief hubs are quickly overwhelmed and in adverse weather conditions, they are inadequate for providing warm, dry, hygienic, and safe environments for sheltering large numbers of people including the injured and the sick.  This thesis explores how an airport may be designed for a dual purpose and the feasibility and complexity of planning and designing public space for transformation into a disaster relief station.
Power Play: Visualising Electricity Use as Emoji
Authors:   , Reyes Ariel
Published: December 2021

With the prevalence of emoji, digital pictographs in computer mediated communication, this thesis investigates the suitability of using emoji to represent energy use. With research participants and in partnership with a New Zealand electricity retailer and a meter equipment provider, a selection of emoji was identified to represent low or high daily electricity usage. A chatbot was developed to replace an In-Home Display (IHD) usage monitor. The chatbot is used as an agent for presenting interpreted consumption both as text and emoji. The resulting interactions and observations were documented, along with changes in consumption.
The Role of Internationals in Progressing Human Rights Attainment in Myanmar
Authors:   , Dowall Heidi
Published: December 2021

State crimes such as the violation of human rights eclipse all other forms of violent crime in scale and seriousness. International agents can play a key role in challenging state crimes and building the necessary supports for human rights to progress. However, the political climate of realpolitik, which bases decision-making on state-interest rather than moral premise, significantly complicates any international interventions. Against this backdrop, human rights are often compromised to fulfill economic, strategic or political motives, giving rise to cultures of mistrust.  The case of Myanmar presents an opportunity to advance thinking about preventing state crimes and the ‘costs’ associated with advancing human rights norms. Transitioning states like Myanmar, where the military maintain a dominant role in government, demonstrate that human rights must be flexibly engaged. This thesis shows that while human rights played a key role in catalysing the transition, they became a liability once the transition began. In this context, internationals saw that human rights reform depends upon building relationships and creating opportunities for the redistribution of power and legitimacy through compliance rather than coercion, especially given the role of the military. This requires a long-term strategy by internationals that is socio-culturally responsive and politically attuned.
Religious Studies Achievement Standards in New Zealand state secondary schools: Philosophy, pedagogy and policy
Authors:   , Chote John
Published: December 2021

This thesis outlines and examines the factors that account for the post-2009 growth in the adoption and use of the NCEA Religious Studies Achievement Standards by state secondary school teachers in New Zealand.  My specific focus is on identifying differences in philosophy, pedagogy and policy in RS use between the state schools and: 1. other subjects, 2. NZ faith schools and 3. developments in a selection of countries and explaining the significance of these differences.  The context for this development is set out in an historical outline that draws in factors that have led up to the seeming anomaly of a set of national RS assessments appearing in 2009. This outline pulls together relevant legal, curricular and societal developments since the late Nineteenth Century, that might help explain the state schools taking up this new opportunity.  The most substantial weight of the thesis comes from the field work involving in-depth questionnaires and interviews with a census of state school teachers using the RS assessments. This provides clear patterns of difference in philosophy, pedagogy and policy in the state schools’ adoption and use of the RS ASs compared to other subjects, faith schools and three comparison countries. It is the teachers’ voices that are heard strongly here. This analysis was backed up with my access to extensive NZQA data files of every student entry in RS ASs in New Zealand since 2009.  The state school teachers’ use of the RS assessments is then viewed against comparison schools and countries. A comparison with a cross-section selection of local New Zealand faith school teachers using the RS assessments (who also took part in the questionnaire and interview research) and a literature review of the issues and development of RS teaching in the UK, Canada and Australia, helped accentuate and explain the differences in this new development in state schools.
"Moonlight and Roses", and other things they played: Organ Recitals in New Zealand, 1870-1920
Authors:   , Halliday Dianne
Published: December 2021

The early history of pipe organs in New Zealand, and the music which was played on them, has long been of interest to organists and domestic organ builders alike. The primary focus of this exegesis is the performers themselves and the repertoire they chose to present to the public through the medium of the organ recital during a fifty-year period from 1870–1920. A case study approach is adopted, where two centres, one metropolitan and one provincial, have been selected from each of the two main island of New Zealand. Using primary source materials, including contemporary newspapers and concert programmes, details of a significant selection of organ recitals held in Wellington, Christchurch, Southland, and Hawke’s Bay can be tabulated. This allows for some discernment of trends in musical preferences.  New Zealand was no exception to the world wide practice by organists of utilising in their performances works not originally written for their instrument. In a wider Australasian context, organ recitals were conduits for the dissemination of symphonic, operatic and chamber music, particularly on larger instruments. The balance between transcriptions and works for the organ in these recitals is one of the study’s areas of investigation. This also requires some discussion of the instruments themselves. Another is the extent to which music was considered a formative social influence, particularly since most nineteenth-century recitals were played in churches, rather than civic (secular) auditoria, and were considered to take on the character of the venue.  The research also uncovers details about the origins and career paths of the performers. Some were private teachers, choral and/or instrumental conductors or accompanists. Still others had regular employment as schoolteachers or purveyors of instruments and sheet music, and a third group found primary employment outside the musical sphere either as civil servants or in private enterprise.  Analysis of the wealth of surviving information (concerning organists and their performances) demonstrates that the organ recital was a ubiquitous and popular event in New Zealand prior to World War I. Alongside other musical activities these programmes play a role in the development of society’s musical life, both in its own right and as the accompanying instrument for various choral societies (before the development of fully-fledged orchestral groups). Society was changed with the advent of hostilities; after they ended, there were new norms and expectations.  Outside the main text, the collations of raw data are provided on an accompanying CD, along with biographical details of those who made small contributions to the recital scene, or were present in New Zealand for only a limited time.
On the Primal-Dual Method of Multipliers and its Applications
Authors:   , O'Connor Matthew
Published: December 2021

With ever growing sources of digital data and the reductions in cost of small-scale wireless processing nodes, equipped with various sensors, microprocessors, and communication systems, we are seeing an increasing need for efficient distributed processing algorithms and techniques. This thesis focuses on the Primal-Dual Method of Multipliers (PDMM) as it applies to wireless sensor networks, and develops new algorithms based on PDMM more appropriate for the limitations on processing power, battery life, and memory that these devices suffer from. We develop FS-PDMM and QA-PDMM that greatly improve the efficiency of local node computations when dealing with regularized optimization problems and smooth cost function optimization problems, respectively. We combine these approaches to form the FSQA-PDMM algorithm that may be applied to problems with smooth cost functions and non-smooth regularization functions. Additionally, these three methods often eliminate the need for numerical optimization packages, reducing the memory cost on our nodes. We present the FT-PDMM algorithm for finite-time convergence of quadratic consensus problems, reducing the number of in-network iterations required for network convergence. Finally, we present two signal processing applications that benefit from our theoretical work: a distributed sparse near-field acoustic beamformer; and a distributed image fusion algorithm for use in imaging arrays. Simulated experiments confirm the benefit of our approaches, and demonstrate the computational gains to be made by tailoring our techniques towards sensor networks.
Effective Governance and Policy Implementation in Governing High Seas Fisheries: A Comparative Study of Three Regional Fisheries Management Organizations
Authors:   , Hsu Jessica
Published: December 2021

Two-thirds of fish stocks commercially fished on the high seas are either depleted or overexploited. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) are key international actors having the legal competence to establish fishery conservation and management measures to improve the optimal and sustainable utilization of high seas fisheries resources. The literature suggests that their effectiveness is varied. While some RFMOs are making progress towards more sustainable fisheries, some are facing fish stock depletion. The literature indicates that organizational governance design and quality of implementation are central to the disparities.  Thus far, while most of the discussion has focused on the effectiveness, and how to enhance the transparency of RFMOs, very little research has explored the designs of governance arrangements and implementation of RFMOs. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature on governance arrangements and policy implementation of the high seas by offering in-depth case studies of the selected RFMOs. It employs qualitative methods to analyze data collected from semi-structured interviews with 24 actors (i.e., officials, delegations, and fisheries experts), as well as a collection of published and unpublished documents regarding three selected RFMOs. The three selected RFMOs are the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT), the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO).  The findings show that it is possible to apply Ostrom’s (1990) design principles to uncover how RFMOs can be designed for higher performance in governing high seas fisheries. However, adjusted and additional design principles are necessary to have a better understanding of the factors that contribute to sustainable high seas fisheries. For example, the design principles should include policy learning and adaption, particularly in the regional and global contexts, so as to address complexities and uncertainties. Furthermore, the research reveals a number of critical factors of RFMO policy implementation, such as strong political will and commitment, the availability of proper resources and coalitions. This study concludes with recommendations for policymakers of the RFMOs to better achieve their overarching objectives.
How does the legacy of colonialism in Southeast Asia manifest itself in contemporary regional attitudes and practices towards looting and collection?
Authors:   , Chong Min Tse
Published: December 2021

Cultural property trafficking continues to be and is growing as an issue despite increased legislation, international agreements and public interest, particularly since the seminal 1970 UNESCO Convention. For criminology, the challenge is to take into account the distinct and complex characteristics of cultural property trade and trafficking in order to aid in controlling, regulating and preventing crime in a way that resonates with those it seeks to target. However, the mainstream approach to this issue relies uncritically upon a dominant and simplistic narrative of transnational cultural property movement from Global South sources to Global North markets, which renders significant regional and processes invisible and creates an incomplete model of reality. By incorporating a postcolonial framework and interviewing market actors in the cultural property world, this thesis aims to fill a gap in the discipline by examining how colonial narratives, frameworks and structures still inform modern attitudes to cultural property trade and trafficking, which has emerged from the same history. As a rich source region with a healthy cultural property market, Southeast Asia is the chosen case study; however, though the conclusions drawn originate in this specific context, the methodology used is applicable beyond this scope. The findings indicate that though cultural property collection is accompanied by a shadow of illicitness, market actors are able to justify their activities by not only relying on familiar colonial tropes and narratives of custodianship and education, but also pragmatically referring to the moralities and identities of a post-colonial age. Additionally, the social structures fundamental to the cultural property world are also, to some extent, the product of a certain history, and identity formation and projection through cultural capital are key concepts in understanding the impetus for collection. Ultimately, actors’ understandings of an authentic object as one that is of a particular style and, critically, of a particular age and condition, is synonymous with colonially influenced attitudes, and is inherently linked to the damage that anti-trafficking legislation seeks to mitigate.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. The experiences of midwives who transition work settings: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors:   , Welfare Melanie Patricia
Published: December 2021

This research explores the experiences of midwives as they transition work settings. It has been found that these experiences are both positive and negative. Midwives relish working with women in a capacity that brings them joy and sustains them within the profession. They achieve this with the valued support of their families, practice partners and colleagues. However, there are numerous stressors on midwives including financial, emotional, physical, family commitments, bullying and work demands, which impact on the ability of the midwife to fulfil these obligations. This dissonance leads to increased levels of stress and fatigue and in order to manage this, the midwives who participated in this research appear to transition work settings.  By analysing the lived experiences of nine midwives in Aotearoa/New Zealand who have transitioned work settings between core and LMC (or vice versa) in the previous two years, I have explored the research question ‘What are the experiences of midwives who transition work settings?’ using a qualitative descriptive research framework. Face to face interviews were conducted with midwives around the South Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand using semi-structures interview questions, followed by transcription and thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged, ideal midwife, movement happens, support and obstruction and things have changed. The themes and subthemes are discussed in depth through this work and literature used to support the discourse.  The main finding was that transitioning work-settings is a way of remaining professionally and personally sustained in the current system of maternity care in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Other findings were that support from family, colleagues and managers, as well as the relationships with the women, are imperative for midwives in either work setting to remain sustainable. That the lack of support, bullying, harassment, poor remuneration and family commitments, are stressors that impact on the working lives of midwives and contribute to their decisions to transition work settings. There are implications from this research for midwives, DHB, workforce planning, educators and the wider profession.
Navigating the entanglements: Curriculum and assessment priorities in transitioning to school in Aotearoa-New Zealand
Authors:   , Haggerty Margaret
Published: December 2021

This thesis critically examines the curriculum and assessment priorities children encounter as they transition from early childhood to school and the modes of being, doing, knowing, and relating these priorities promote or make difficult. An initial focus on children’s multimodal ways of operating shifted as this study progressed toward a more relational materialist conception of multimodality, drawing on the thinking of Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Karen Barad. A key focus became tracing the heterogeneous forces and entities that authorise and prioritise particular constructions of learning and learners.  The thesis follows the curriculum and assessment priorities six focus children met with in their last six months at kindergarten and their first six months in a new entrant classroom, and explores how these priorities relate to those of the children and their families. Data drawn on include a range of policy and practice-related documentation, interviews, fieldnotes and video-recorded observations. Excerpts of video are incorporated into the thesis as ‘cases to think with’ about key dimensions of everyday pedagogical activity not well represented by words.  While it may be a truism to say children navigate the move from early childhood to school differently, this thesis brings attention to the multiplicity of forces at play in how this move unfolds for particular children. It offers critical insights into the complex ways the global, local and ‘here and now’ specificities operate in entanglement to produce pedagogical priorities and learner-subjectivities. It highlights that the curriculum and assessment priorities for children in this study being/becoming new entrants strongly favoured children who were lingusitically adept, and willing and able to adjust to tightly prescribed classroom normativities, many of which centred around control of the body.  This thesis challenges the ongoing privileging of the verbal, arguing for the importance of making space for children’s other modes of being, doing, knowing and relating. It questions the recent narrowing and intensifying emphasis on standards-based assessment and the strongly individualistic, regulatory discourse of self-managing learners. It foregrounds the ways in which transition to school agendas have escalated nationally and internationally and become part of day-to-day curriculum and assessment priorities. On the basis of these findings I call for greater ethical regard for the heterogeneity of children and the capacities they bring and are capable of, including the capacity to engage with ‘real world’ multiplicity and difference-making interconnectivities with human and more-than-human others.
Ri Koran/Li Xianglan Visual Reality and Historical Truth
Authors:   , Ni Fan
Published: December 2021

Li Xianglan, or Ri Koran in Japanese, was a screen sensation and popular culture icon during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Her story of success, however, was overshadowed by her hidden identity as Yamaguchi Yoshiko, a Manchurian-born Japanese promoting Japanese imperialist ideology through the guise of her on-screen Chinese personae. The National Policy Company Manchurian Film Association (Man'ei for short) was established by the Kwantung Army to accelerate the dissemination of Japanese imperialist propaganda. The choice of Ri Koran as the face of Man'ei underlines the significance of her controversial and ambiguous allure, which enabled her to navigate, or “border cross,” the complex waters of wartime politics and popular culture during the Sino-Japanese conflict. Through a detailed analysis of one of the Continental Trilogy of films, China Nights (1940), this thesis illustrates how Ri Koran was crafted into a living embodiment of “Hakko Ichiu”, the guiding ideological principle of The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. I investigate the manifestation of “Hakko Ichiu” (Gozoku Kyowa in the Manchurian context) though analysis of particular scenes in the film as well as its use of music, historically known as Continental Melodies. Drawing from existing scholarship by both historians and film scholars, this thesis establishes an important link between these two previously separate scholarly discourses on Ri Koran.
Same but Different: Chaos and TV Drama Narratives
Authors:   , McLachlan Alison
Published: December 2021

Complexity is a term that is now commonly used when discussing TV serial dramas and the way that, in recent years, creators and producers of this narrative form have embraced innovative and challenging strategies to tell their stories. As a result, it is also often argued that all TV serial dramas are strikingly different from one another; one of the few things that contemporary TV serial dramas have in common is their employment of complex narrative strategies. However, in this thesis, I argue that—while serial dramas are different from one another in many ways—they are also all the same at a fundamental level.  In order to examine the fundamental narrative components that all serial dramas employ, I use chaos as a framework. Chaos is a branch of mathematics and science which examines systems that display unpredictable behaviour that is actually determined by deep structures of order and stability. At its most basic level, chaos corresponds with the way in which serial dramas are both complex and simple at the same time; beneath the complexity of serial dramas are fundamental building blocks that are used to generate innovative, challenging and unpredictable narratives.  I apply the findings from my critical examination of chaos and TV drama narratives to the creation of my own TV projects, which employ the inherent structures and patterns of TV drama narratives in a way that produces innovative and complex stories. In doing so, I intend to highlight the potential of serial dramas to be endlessly creative yet consistently the same.