bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Policy Changes for Adjusting Payment to Address Health Disparities
Authors: Powell W. Ryan , Chamberlain Luke , Buckingham William R , Cao Ying , Ouayogodé Mariétou H. , Lankton Robin L. , Kind Amy J. H.
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes area-level Health Equity Benchmark Adjustment formula changes to demonstrate how policy choices result in resource reallocation.
National and Regional Medicare Spending on Tafamidis, 2019-2021
Authors: Blatt Philip J. , Simpson Timothy , Chen Hongya , Masri Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study describes national and regional Medicare spending and out-of-pocket costs for tafamidis from its approval in 2019 to 2021.
Emergency Department Utilization for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Post Partum, 2006-2020
Authors: Townsel Courtney , Louis LeAnn , Clark Chelsie , Solomon Leah Mitchell , Jiang Charley , Caldwell Martina , Marsh Erica E.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study assesses emergency department (ED) admissions for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and post partum between 2006 and 2020.
Stimulant, Antidepressant, and Opioid Telehealth Prescription Trends Between 2019 and 2022
Authors: Nagappan Ashwini , Miller Austin , Jain Sanjula , Oakes Allison H.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the rates of in-person and telehealth prescriptions for stimulants, antidepressants, and opioids before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Innate Immune Response and Epigenetic Regulation: A Closely Intertwined Tale in Inflammation
Authors: Jawale Diksha , Khandibharad Shweta , Singh Shailza
Published: September 2024

Maintenance of delicate homeostasis is very important in various diseases because it ensures appropriate immune surveillance against pathogens and prevents excessive inflammation. In a disturbed homeostatic condition, hyperactivation of immune cells takes place and interplay between these cells triggers a plethora of signaling pathways, releasing various pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interferon‐gamma (IFNƴ), Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), which marks cytokine storm formation. To be precise, dysregulated balance can impede or increase susceptibility to various pathogens. Pathogens have the ability to hijack the host immune system by interfering with the host's chromatin architecture for their survival and replication in the host cell. Cytokines, particularly IL‐6, Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), and Interleukin‐23 (IL‐23), play a key role in orchestrating innate immune responses and shaping adaptive immunity. Understanding the interplay between immune response and the role of epigenetic modification to maintain immune homeostasis and the structural aspects of IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23 can be illuminating for a novel therapeutic regimen to treat various infectious diseases. In this review, the light is shed on how the orchestration of epigenetic regulation facilitates immune homeostasis.
Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–1Mo–1V Alloy during Isothermal Hot Compression
Authors: Fan Cuntie , Xue Jiayu , Zhan Chao , Zhang Wenzhe , Xu Xinyu , Zhang Jingqi , Li Feng , Chang Hui
Published: September 2024

In this investigation, the effects of different deformation passes—namely, single pass and multipass—on the microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms in the Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–1Mo–1V alloy are analyzed. It is observed that following a single‐pass hot compression, the extent of lamellar α phase spheroidization enhances as the temperature increases. During multipass hot compression, there is a gradual reduction in the size and concentration of equiaxed α phase, alongside an increase in spheroidization. Dislocation density escalates to 15.88%, while the proportion of high‐angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) diminishes to 75.24%. Static recrystallization occurring during the holding process facilitates dislocation annihilation. The dynamic phase transformation mechanism manifests through interfacial permeation at the primary α phase. Strain localization at the boundaries or sub‐boundaries of the primary α phase, which exhibit minimal curvature, induces elevated shear stress, thereby promoting the shearing of the primary α phase and reducing its presence. Texture components predominantly observed are <‐12‐10>//Z0 and <0001>//Z0, transitioning from <‐12‐10> to <0001> with increasing strain.
Substrate Curvature‐Induced Regulation of Charge Distribution of Covalent Organic Frameworks Promotes Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Jiang Dong , Xu Ruibo , Bai Liang , Hill Jonathan P. , Henzie Joel , Zhu Liyang , Xia Wei , Bu Ran , Zhao Yingji , Kang Yunqing , Hamada Takashi , Ma Renzhi , Torad Nagy , Wang Jie , Asahi Toru , Xu Xingtao , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: September 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising high‐performance capacitive deionization (CDI) materials. Strategies to optimize CDI performance of COFs focus largely on hybridization with conductive substrates, to improve their their intrinsically poor conductivity. A new structure‐function relationship between COFs and their substrates is proposed here based on substrate‐induced surface curvature. Graphene (zero‐curvature) and carbon nanotubes (CNT, curved) are selected as COF growthsubstrates to assess the effect of curvature engineering effect on CDI performance of TpPa‐SO3H‐COF. Ultrahigh ion (Na+) adsorption capacity (58.74 mg g−1) is achieved by CNT‐COF hybrid (cf. compared to graphene‐COF hybrid 34.20 mg g−1), demonstrating the significance of curvature engineering. Notably, the corresponding salt (NaCl) adsorption capacity of CNT‐COF hybrid reaches 149.25 mg g−1 in 1000 ppm at 1.2 V, representing state‐of‐the‐art CDI performance, and the highest value among organic CDI electrodes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations subsequently reveal that substrate curvature can induce local strain, which regulates charge distribution within the COF skeleton, causing a lower binding energy state for Na+ adsorption. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements revealed faster Na+ adsorption kinetics of CNT‐COF due to regulated charge distribution within COF skeleton induced by substrate curvature. This work gives new insight into design of COF materials based on curvature engineering.
Tailoring Stable PEO‐Based Electrolyte/Electrodes Interfaces via Molecular Coordination Regulating Enables 4.5 V Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: He Chaowei , Ying Hangjun , Cai Lucheng , Chen Hengquan , Xu Zuojie , Liu Shenwen , Huang Pengfei , Zhang Haiyuan , Song Wenlong , Zhang Jian , Shi Lu , Gao Weiwei , Li Dan , Han Wei‐Qiang
Published: September 2024

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based electrolytes have increasingly become one of the most promising battery technologies due to high energy density and safety. However, adverse electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility issues hinder further application. Herein, a PEO‐based composite solid electrolyte with excellent anode and cathode interfacial compatibility is designed via the coordination modulation strategy induced by lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (DFBOP). By utilizing this electrolyte, the robust inorganic‐rich interphase involving LiF, LixPOyFz, and P─O components is in situ generated on lithium (Li) anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode surfaces via forceful coordination among PEO, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide, and DFBOP and subsequent adjustment of front orbital energy levels. It contributes to homogeneous lithium deposition and an effective impediment of PEO oxidation decomposition at high voltage, promoting superior interfacial stability. Consequently, Li‐symmetric cells with modified electrolyte can achieve a stable cycle over 7000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2. Specially, the cathode electrolyte interphase with a unique organic–inorganic interpenetration network structure enables the 4.5 V Li/NCM811 cells to cycle steadily over 100 cycles, with a high discharge capacity of 215.4 mAh g−1 and initial coulombic efficiency of 91.23%. This research has shed light on the interfacial design of PEO‐based electrolytes from the perspective of electrolyte coordination regulation to construct high‐performance SSLMBs.
Zero Thermal Expansion Behavior in High‐Entropy Anti‐Perovskite Mn3Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2N
Authors: Luo Jiechen , Zou Kaixin , Wang Bing , Yuan Xiuliang , An Shihai , Ma Zhijie , Shi Kewen , Deng Sihao , Xu Juping , Yin Wen , Wang Wei‐Hua , Wang Cong , Sun Ying
Published: September 2024

The exploration of the non‐collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase holds promise for the discovery of zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials, which is of great significance to resist the temperature effect in aerospace and precision engineering fields. Currently, there is still a lack of effective approaches to regulate this special AFM phase. In this work, a non‐collinear AFM phase has been obtained in the anti‐perovskite compound Mn3Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2N proposed by high‐entropy engineering. Utilizing neutron powder diffraction (NPD) analysis, the magnetic structure is resolved to be a triangular AFM phase with a k = [0, 0, 0] and a ferromagnetic (FM) component located at the corner of the cubic structure, which belongs to the R‐3 space group. Particularly, it presents ZTE behavior in a wide temperature range from 10 to 180 K. In‐situ NPD analysis reveals that the negative thermal expansion attributed to magnetic evolution almost offsets the normal positive thermal expansion quantified by the Debye formula. Further first principles calculations reveal that the specific AFM phase derives from the AFM‐type nearest neighboring magnetic exchange interactions and the easy‐axis‐type magnetic anisotropy. This demonstration offers an efficient strategy for designing magnetic structures and achieving ZTE over a wide temperature range.
Electron‐Deficient Effect Modulates Catalase‐Like Activity of Iron‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Nanozymes for Inflammatory Wound Therapy
Authors: Chen Shuhan , Guan Shiwei , Tan Ji , Lu Wei , Zhang Haifeng , Qiu Jiajun , Zhu Hongqin , Liu Xuanyong
Published: September 2024

Dual‐metal atom nanozymes (DANs) are frontier nanocatalysts that mimic natural enzymes to regulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathological tissue. However, the construction of DANs is mostly based on trial‐and‐error strategy rather than rational design due to their ambiguous catalytic mechanism. Herein, a promising strategy to construct highly efficient FeZn‐NC DANs by “electron‐deficient effect” for ROS scavenging is proposed. Redox‐inert Zn‐N4 sites and axial N atom induce electron‐deficient Fe sites based on different electronegativity to accelerate catalase (CAT)‐like reaction. Besides, FeZn‐NC mimics superoxide dismutase (SOD) relying on the cyano‐group conjugated with the π‐system in the carbon carrier. Enhanced CAT‐like activity from Fe sites and SOD‐like activity from carbon carriers enabled FeZn‐NC more effective in mitigating cellular damage and inducing the phenotypic transformation of macrophages in acute inflammatory wounds. This work establishes more precise structure‐activity relationships for CAT and SOD mimics and provides a paradigm for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases by catalytic therapy.
Tunable Bio‐Derived Skin‐Like Shape Memory Fibers for Smart Suturing
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Meng , Xiao Hao , Wang Kaojin , Huang Wen , Wu Gang , Yang Junzhong , Jia Yong‐Guang , Zhu Xiaoxia
Published: September 2024

Materials made from bile acids can benefit from the excellent biocompatibility and rigid skeleton of these natural compounds. To address concerns of the biocompatibility of shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) in biomedical applications, a series of polyurethanes (PUs) is developed using bile acid as the hard segment and oligo(ethylene glycol) as the soft segment through a one‐pot polymerization. These polymers can be easily processed into skin‐like fibers, tubes, strips, etc., with tunable mechanical properties, e.g., elongation at break (483%) and high tensile strength (40.9 MPa). Their glass transition temperatures spread across a wide range, enabling them to exhibit dual, triple, and quadruple shape memory effects (SMEs). Due to intermolecular interactions, these PUs display a maximum self‐healing efficiency of 96% in tensile strength for 1.5 h. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, hemolysis evaluations and healing efficiency in vivo all indicate their good biocompatibility and biosafety. These bio‐derived PUs offer an option of shape memory polymers easy to make, with good tissue compatibility for applications as surgical sutures, artificial muscles, and soft materials.
Landau Quantization and Lifshitz Transition‐Modulated High Magneto‐Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Jiang Linfeng , Wang Honghui , Zhou Zizhen , Wu Shuai , Zheng Sikang , Mi Xinrun , Yu Kelin , Wang Rui , Wang Aifeng , Pan Yu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2024

One of the necessary conditions for achieving high thermoelectric (TE) performance is the large longitudinal (Sxx) and transverse thermopower (Syx), which are closely related to the Fermi level position and the energy‐dependent density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level. Herein, it is demonstrated that HfTe5 has both high‐mobility induced significant quantum oscillations with an ultra‐low quantum limit of 2.7 T, and a significant Lifshitz transition where the Fermi level shows strong temperature dependence. The Landau levels yielded by the magnetic field distort the DOS with many equally‐spaced delta functions and significantly enhance the Sxx and Syx. The drastically enhanced magneto‐longitudinal and transverse TE performance in HfTe5 is achieved under an ultra‐low magnetic field of 1.4 T, which can be easily realized by a permanent magnet. Moreover, the Lifshitz transition further modulates its TE and magneto‐TE performance. Ultimately, the peak values of magneto‐longitudinal and transverse power factors (PF) reach 64 µW cm−1 K−2 at 150 K and 0.9 T and 19 µW cm−1 K−2 at 80 K and 1.4 T, respectively, which are comparable to the best TE materials such as Bi2Te3. This work provides novel methods and significant guidance for the development of TE and magneto‐TE materials.
Yield and profit comparison of diversified versus conventional crop rotation systems in South Dakota
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Wang Tong , Osborne Shannon L.
Published: September 2024

Diversified crop rotations with no‐till management are considered fundamental to sustainable agroecosystems; however, associated uncertainty in economic returns may hinder farmers’ decisions to adopt these practices. The objectives of this study were to compare economic performance (gross revenue, net revenue, and production cost) among various low‐input diversified versus conventional crop rotations. The experiment was initiated in the fall of 2000 with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting and planting of remaining crops in the spring of 2001 near Brookings, SD. Economic analysis was performed from data collected during the fifth complete 4‐year crop rotational cycle (2017–2020) of six crop rotations: (1) 4‐year corn (Zea mays L.)‐soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)]‐spring wheat‐sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) (CSSwSf), (2) 4 year corn‐soybean‐spring wheat‐pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (3) 4‐year corn‐pea‐winter wheat‐soybean (CPWwS), (4) 4‐year corn‐oat (Avena sativa L.)‐winter wheat‐soybean (COWwS), (5) 2‐year corn‐soybean (CS), and (6) continuous corn (CCC, treatment initiated in 2017). Corn yield in CSSwP rotation, where corn followed peas, was higher (p < 0.05) by 20%, 25%, 45%, and 89%, compared to CPWwS, CSSwSf, CS, and CCC rotations, respectively. Similarly, soybean yield following winter wheat was significantly higher by 16%–38% in COWwS and 13%–38% in CPWwS compared to CSSwP, CSSwSf, and CS. Overall, diversified crop rotations improved both corn and soybean yield and net revenue compared to 2‐year CS and monoculture CCC rotations. Moreover, 4‐year diversified systems, specifically COWwS, CPWwS, and CSSwP, demonstrated economic resilience by maintaining stable production costs.
Inclusion of cool‐ and warm‐season species in tall fescue swards for increased productivity
Authors: Corbin Michael D. , Nave Renata L. G. , Naumann Harley D. , Bates Gary E. , Boyer Christopher , de Almeida Otávio G.
Published: September 2024

Pasture systems that include cool‐ and warm‐season species have the potential to enhance tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] forage systems beyond their typical season. The objectives of this study were to incorporate crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris Retz.) into TF swards and compare the production of monoculture TF to a binary mixture of crabgrass and TF as well as its effect with different sources of nitrogen (such as red clover [Trifolium pratense L.] or sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea L.]). The experiment was conducted in Crossville, TN, in 2020 and 2021. The treatments were as follows: (1) TF + 0 N (T), (2) TF + ammonium nitrate (TA), (3) TF + red clover (TR), (4) TF + sunn hemp (TS), (5) TF + crabgrass + 0 N (TFC), (6) TF + crabgrass + ammonium nitrate (TCA), (7) TF + crabgrass + red clover (TCR), and (8) TF + crabgrass + sunn hemp (TCS). The plots containing red clover indicated a greater herbage mass (HM) and crude protein (CP) along with lesser neutral detergent fiber compared to the other treatments. Sunn hemp performed best during the mid‐summer, contributing to the increase of HM. Tall fescue swards that were mixed with crabgrass and a source of N (legumes or N fertilizer) had greater HM during the warm season, having the potential to decrease the stationarity of production. Thus, including crabgrass, red clover, and sunn hemp (grass and legumes, respectively) in TF pasture can be a great strategy to increase HM and improve nutritive value.
A Dual‐Purpose Non‐Canonical Amino Acid for the Expanded Genetic Code: Combining Metal‐Binding and Click Chemistry
Authors: Day Graham J. , Zaytsev Andrey V. , Brewster Richard C. , Kozhevnikov Valery N. , Jarvis Amanda G.
Published: September 2024

A rationally designed dual‐purpose non‐canonical amino acid (Trz) has been synthesised and successfully incorporated into a protein scaffold by genetic code expansion. Trz contains a 5‐pyridyl‐1,2,4‐triazine system, which allows for inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reactions to occur on the triazine ring and for metal ions to be chelated both before and after the click reaction. Trz was successfully incorporated into a protein scaffold and the IEDDA utility of Trz demonstrated through the site‐specific labelling of the purified protein with a bicyclononyne. Additionally, Trz was shown to successfully coordinate a cyclometallated iridium(III) centre, providing access to a bioorthogonal luminogenic probe. The luminescent properties of the Ir(III)‐bound protein blue‐shift upon IEDDA click reaction with bicyclononyne, providing a unique method for monitoring the extent and location of the labelling reaction. In summary, Trz is a new dual‐purpose non‐canonical amino acid with great potential for myriad bioapplications where metal‐based functionality is required, for example in imaging, catalysis, and photo‐dynamic therapy, in conjunction with a bioorthogonal reactive handle to impart additional functionalities, such as dual‐modality imaging or therapeutic payloads.
Cu(I)‐Induced ‘Click Reaction’ Involving Coordination and Covalent Assembly of Hybrid Borates for the Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Jian‐Bing , Yu Ying‐Hua , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2024

The design and synthesis of hybrid borates by the organic ligand modification method are urgent and undeveloped areas of research. It is difficult to directly integrate organoboronic acids within inorganic borate chemistry by adopting the traditional preparation approaches. This work reports a facile synthetic method to synthesize a large family of pyrazole molecule‐protected borates in a rapid and precise manner under mild conditions. A unique cyclic eight‐membered B4O4‐ring has been identified as the cluster core for all these hybrid borates with two different conformations (boat and crown). This strategy can be applied to a system of pyrazolyl molecules to generate such hybrid borates in two independent routes from organoboronic or inorganic boric acids. Furtherly, the mechanism of ‘click reaction’ between boric acid and pyrazole induced by copper ions has been proposed based on the synthetic conditions and the structure of intermediate. Due to the bimetallic Cu sites and the functional surfaces, these materials can be used as electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction and efficiently enhance the selectivity of HCOOH and C2H4. Our strategy can be regarded as a typical template technique for organic molecule‐protected borates.
Dysbiosis of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory salivary cytokines during psoriasis providing a therapeutic window and a valuable diagnostic aid in future
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kant , Sharma Manu Rashmi , Singh Simranjit , Mahendra Aneet , Kumar Aman , Sharma Surya Prakash , Kapur Vinay , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: September 2024

The objective of this article is to evaluate the salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and IL‐10 in patients with active psoriasis and compare them with those in healthy control subjects. This study included 60 subjects who were clinically diagnosed cases with active psoriasis (categorized further into 33 mild to moderate and 27 severe cases based on the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score) and 60 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy control subjects. Levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and IL‐10 in the unstimulated saliva of subjects were determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BT Lab). The salivary levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐2 were significantly higher, whereas IL‐10 concentration was significantly reduced in psoriatic patients in comparison to controls, and the difference increased with the progressing severity of the disease. Assessment of cytokine profiles in psoriasis patients is significant for diagnostic validation and monitoring the disease severity. Saliva offers an alternate, noninvasive, and readily available biological sample for evaluating cytokine levels. Extensive research in this field has been recommended for better scientifically proven conclusions.
Multidimensional analysis of entrepreneurial leadership and spatial innovation for sustainable startup success in emerging markets
Authors: Amit Sajid , Levermore Roger , Noor Seeam Shahid , Kafy Abdulla Al
Published: September 2024

Understanding the key factors that drive entrepreneurial success is vital in our quest to achieve sustainable development goals and cultivate inclusive business models in emerging markets. This study employs a mixed‐methods approach, combining qualitative expert interviews (n = 25) with content analysis of secondary data sources (76 journal articles, 17 reports, 20 newspaper articles, 15 blogs, 24 video clips, and 7 book chapters). Data were investigated utilizing grounded theory techniques, including open, axial, and selective coding. The study focuses on successful startups in Bangladesh, selected based on criteria, such as financial performance, growth potential, and innovation. The findings reveal that 92% of successful startup leaders possess resilience, 88% demonstrate effective communication skills, 84% exhibit a growth mindset, and 80% employ a strategic mindset. Furthermore, 76% of these leaders foster a culture of innovation by embracing failure, 72% adopt a vision‐oriented approach, and 68% decentralize authority. The study highlights that 64% of successful startups leverage market analysis techniques, 60% optimize their supply chains, 56% employ effective risk management strategies, 52% focus on customer segmentation, and 48% utilize crowdsourcing methods to enhance their strategic decision‐making and operational efficiency. Conversely, 40% of unsuccessful startups lack salesmanship skills, 36% lack humility, and 32% have limited coachability. This research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial strategies and the private sector's role in achieving sustainable business development in emerging markets, providing valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and stakeholders in the entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Deep margin elevation with one‐year follow‐up: A case report
Authors: Aljanakh Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Deep margin elevation (DME) is a conservative treatment of a tooth with extensive subgingival caries. It is an alternative approach to more invasive restorative procedures. The DME enables successful tooth isolation to do root canal treatments and enables performing indirect restorations, improving dental function and patient comfort without complications.
Influence of Matching Network on the Discharge Characteristic of Dual—Frequency Capacitively Coupled Ar Plasma
Authors: Yuan Qianghua , Shan Liwen , Yin Guiqin , Huang Yutian , Liu Zhaohui
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the impact of different type external matching networks on the discharge characteristics of dual‐frequency capacitively coupled plasma. A nonlinear global model is employed to analyze the discharge of dual‐frequency capacitively coupled argon plasma, with a low frequency of 8 MHz and 60 W and a high frequency of 100 MHz at 10–80 W. Discharge voltage waveforms, current waveforms, and emission spectra of the plasma were measured, while electron density and electron temperature were determined using the Boltzmann method. The electron density and electron temperature are utilized as input parameters for the nonlinear global model, while the plasma discharge is simulated with a fixed low‐frequency radio frequency (RF) source power (60 W) and a varied high‐frequency RF source power ranging from 10 to 80 W. The results indicate that the plasma discharge current, sheath capacitance, plasma resistance, plasma inductance, and the ratio of stochastic heating to Ohmic heating increase, while the sheath thickness decreases with increasing power. It is also found that the fundamental frequency current as well as 12th and 13th harmonic currents in the plasma are caused by the matching network and the nonlinear interaction between the sheath and the plasma. An optimal matching network can be designed to eliminate the effects of the harmonics and to meet industrial requirements for discharge uniformity.
OCR issues new guidance on Section 504 protections for cancer
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2024

On June 20, 2024, the Office for Civil Rights issued new resources for protecting students with cancer from discrimination on the basis of disability (https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/ocr-factsheet-cancer-202406.pdf).
Turbulence effects in the topology optimization of compressible subsonic flow
Authors: Garcia‐Rodriguez Luis Fernando , Alonso Diego Hayashi , Silva Emilio Carlos Nelli
Published: September 2024

Turbulence significantly influences fluid flow topology optimization, and this has already been verified under the incompressible flow regime. However, the same cannot be said about the compressible flow regime, in which the density field now affects and couples all of the fluid flow and turbulence equations and makes obtaining the adjoint model, which is necessary for topology optimization, extremely difficult. Up to now, the turbulence phenomenon has still not been considered in compressible flow topology optimization, which is what is being proposed and analyzed here. Rather than being based in the Reynolds‐Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations which are defined only for incompressible flow, the equations are now based on the Favre‐Averaged Navier–Stokes (FANS) equations, which are the counterpart of the RANS equations for compressible flow and feature different dependencies and terms. The compressible turbulence model being considered is the compressible version of the Spalart–Allmaras model, which differs from the usual Spalart–Allmaras model, since now there are some new spatially varying density and specific heat terms that depend on the primal variables and that act over some of the turbulence terms of the overall model. The adjoint equations are obtained by using an automatic differentiation scheme through a coupled software platform. The optimization algorithm is IPOPT, and some examples are presented to show the effect of turbulence in the compressible flow topology optimization.
Insights into the in vitro biological properties of Australian beach‐cast brown seaweed phenolics
Authors: Subbiah Vigasini , Ebrahimi Faezeh , Duan Xinyu , Agar Osman Tuncay , Barrow Colin J. , Suleria Hafiz A. R.
Published: September 2024

Five Australian seaweed species, Phyllosphora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Durvillaea potatorum, Sargassum fallax, and Cystophora siliquosa, thrive along the country's shorelines. Some of these seaweeds have recognized health benefits but have not been fully investigated in terms of their bioactive components and mechanisms of action. We employed ultrasonication with 70% methanol to extract phenolic compounds from these seaweeds and investigated a range of bioactivities for these extracts, including anti‐inflammatory activity exploring urease inhibition, nitric oxide scavenging activity, protein denaturation inhibition, and protease inhibition. Anti‐diabetic activities were investigated using α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition assays. Anti‐proliferative and anti‐mitotic activities were evaluated using yeast‐cell and green‐gram models, respectively. Our findings showed that C. siliquosa inhibited nitric oxide, urease, and protease activities, with S. fallax, P. comosa, and E. radiata exhibiting substantial inhibition of protein denaturation. E. radiata displayed inhibitory effects on both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, whereas P. comosa targeted only the α‐glucosidase enzyme, indicating different mechanisms of anti‐diabetic activity. In these anti‐mitotic assays, C. siliquosa exhibited low cell viability and a significant anti‐proliferative effect, particularly within 24 h, while E. radiata demonstrated notable inhibition at 48 h. LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS investigation identified 48 phenolic compounds, including 19 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids, and 9 other polyphenols. The presence of these compounds in extracts correlated with observed biological activities. These results support the potential health benefits of these seaweeds and link this activity to the presence of bioactive phenolics.
Roles of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in cancer
Authors: Ma Wei , Yan Haixu , Ma Haoyuan , Xu Zengyan , Dai Wei , Wu Yudan , Zhang Hongyan , Li Yanshu
Published: September 2024

Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), in complex with glycoprotein 130 (gp130) as the receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), can bind to a variety of cytokines and subsequently activate a variety of signaling pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. LIF, the most multifunctional cytokines of the interleukin‐6 family acts as both a growth factor and a growth inhibitor in different types of tumors. LIF/LIFR signaling regulates a broad array of tumor‐related processes including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion. However, due to the activation of different signaling pathways, opposite regulatory effects are observed in certain tumor cells. Therefore, the role of LIFR in human cancers varies across different tumor and tissue, despite their recognized value in tumor treatment and prognosis observation is affirmed. Given its aberrant expression in numerous tumor cells and crucial regulatory function in tumorigenesis and progression, LIFR is considered as a promising targeted therapeutic agent. This review provides an overview of LIFR's initiating signaling pathway function as a cytokine receptor and summarize the current literature on the role of LIFR in cancer and its possible use in therapy.
Evaluation of sonographic and clinical measures in early versus late third trimester for birth weight prediction
Authors: Regev‐Sadeh Shira , Assaf Wisam , Zehavi Adi , Cohen Nadav , Lavie Ofer , Zilberlicht Ariel
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the optimal timing for fetal weight estimation during the third trimester.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved fetal weight estimations from both early (28+0–36+6 weeks) and late (37+0 weeks and beyond) third trimester. These estimations were converted to predicted birth weights using the gestation‐adjusted projection formula. Birth weight predictions were compared with actual birth weights, to identify the most effective timing for weight prediction.

Results

The study included 3549 cases, revealing mean percentage errors (MPE) of −3.69% for early sonographic assessments, −2.5% for late sonographic assessments, and −1.9% for late clinical assessments. A significant difference was found between early and late sonographic estimations (P < 0.001), whereas late sonographic and clinical assessments did not differ significantly (P = 0.771). Weight predictions for fetuses below the 10th and above the 90th centiles were less accurate than for those within the 10th–90th centiles (P < 0.001). In women with obesity, late clinical estimations were less precise (MPE of −5.85) compared with non‐obese women (MPE of −1.66, P < 0.001). For women with diabetes, early sonographic estimations were more accurate (MPE of −1.31) compared with non‐diabetic patients (MPE of −3.94, P < 0.001) though this difference did not persist later in pregnancy.

Conclusion

Sonographic and clinical weight predictions in the late third trimester were more accurate than earlier third‐trimester sonographic assessments, hence continuous follow up and assessments closer to term are important. In women with diabetes, no adjustments in weight prediction methods are necessary. Accurately predicting birth weights for abnormally small or large fetuses remains challenging, indicating the need for improved screening and diagnostic strategies.
Neuromodulation in Small AnimalfMRI
Authors: Hsu Li‐Ming , Shih Yen‐Yu Ian
Published: September 2024

The integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with advanced neuroscience technologies in experimental small animal models offers a unique path to interrogate the causal relationships between regional brain activity and brain‐wide network measures—a goal challenging to accomplish in human subjects. This review traces the historical development of the neuromodulation techniques commonly used in rodents, such as electrical deep brain stimulation, optogenetics, and chemogenetics, and focuses on their application with fMRI. We discuss their advantageousness roles in uncovering the signaling architecture within the brain and the methodological considerations necessary when conducting these experiments. By presenting several rodent‐based case studies, we aim to demonstrate the potential of the multimodal neuromodulation approach in shedding light on neurovascular coupling, the neural basis of brain network functions, and their connections to behaviors. Key findings highlight the cell‐type and circuit‐specific modulation of brain‐wide activity patterns and their behavioral correlates. We also discuss several future directions and feature the use of mediation and moderation analytical models beyond the intuitive evoked response mapping, to better leverage the rich information available in fMRI data with neuromodulation. Using fMRI alongside neuromodulation techniques provide insights into the mesoscopic (relating to the intermediate scale between single neurons and large‐scale brain networks) and macroscopic fMRI measures that correlate with specific neuronal events. This integration bridges the gap between different scales of neuroscience research, facilitating the exploration and testing of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at altering network‐mediated behaviors. In conclusion, the combination of fMRI with neuromodulation techniques provides crucial insights into mesoscopic and macroscopic brain dynamics, advancing our understanding of brain function in health and disease.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide attenuated LPS‐induced intestinal inflammation of mice via the TLR4/JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Zeng Zhikun , Wang Lin , Xiong Bin , Zheng Baodong , Zhang Yi , Pan Lei
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide is an important bioactive component of D. indusiata, playing an important role in alleviating inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect and mechanism of D. indusiata polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal inflammation in mice.

RESULTS

Our results indicated that D. indusiata polysaccharide ameliorated intestinal inflammation of mice by increasing the body weight, the number of goblet cells and decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, D. indusiata polysaccharide significantly up‐regulated expression of ZO‐1, Occuldin mRNA, which were 2.55‐fold and 2.28‐fold higher than the LPS group, respectively. In particular, D. indusiata polysaccharide effectively inhibited the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway which was 0.34‐fold and 0.49‐fold of gene expression and 0.41‐fold and 0.39‐fold of protein expression in the LPS group, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study suggested that D. indusiata polysaccharide exerted anti‐inflammatory and intestinal protective effects by inhibiting the TLR4/JNK signaling pathway, which will provide a basis for the potential value of D. indusiata polysaccharide as prebiotics in food applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cellular and Molecular Effects of Steroid Sex Hormones on the Vocal Folds: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pu Serena , Johnson Spencer , Martin Lily , Laitman Benjamin , Courey Mark
Published: September 2024

Objective

Steroid sex hormones (SSH) target cell nuclei to affect transcription. Although laryngeal tissue is theorized to be hormonally responsive, SSH receptor presence and cellular effects on the vocal folds are not well‐established. A scoping review of this literature might inform future research.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched.

Review Methods

This review followed JBI and PRISMA‐ScR Guidelines. Two independent reviewers screened each title/abstract and full text according to eligibility criteria. Exclusion criteria included primary outcomes based on subjective interpretation and secondary effects on the vocal folds (e.g., voice).

Results

Three hundred and sixty one articles were screened at the title/abstract level, 83 at the full‐text level, and 32 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies were performed in humans and 15 in animals; 3 were review articles. In studies directly examining receptors (n = 17), estrogen receptors (ER) were found in 10 of 15 studies, progesterone receptors (PR) in 6/10, and androgen receptors (AR) in 6/9. When the effects of SSH on vocal folds were studied (n = 16), estrogen had effects in 10/13, progesterone in 3/3, and androgens in 4/5. ER and PR were mostly identified in epithelium and fibroblasts of lamina propria (LP) while AR was found in muscle, lamina propria, and epithelium.

Conclusions

Existing evidence variably supports the presence of SSH receptors in vocal fold tissue; therefore, further clarification is needed. Estrogen and progesterone were most identified in mucosal tissue, where they decrease fibrosis and help maintain the epithelial barrier. Androgens appear to be pro‐fibrotic in epithelium and hypertrophic in muscle. Laryngoscope, 135:540–554, 2025
HDPE crystalline lamellae in composites involving pyrolytic carbon black: Effect on elastic modulus
Authors: Diby I. C. P. , Belkhiri N. , Nohair B. , Kazeruni M. , Ruiz E. , Kaliaguine S.
Published: September 2024

In order to predict the mechanical behavior of particle reinforced polymer composites, it is crucial to study changes in polymer phase distribution upon interaction with the load in the undeformed state. In this work, HDPE composites reinforced with pyrolytic carbon black (rCBNF) particles, including some rCB modified by mild air oxidation (rCBF), which enabled the aggregation of residual chemisorbed rubber at the surface, examined in a previous work. The development of lamellar morphology induces conformational behaviors resulting from interactions fillers/polymer chains. These interactions cannot be determined by DSC alone but involve short‐range FTIR and Raman and long‐range XRD models. The Raman crystalline content of HDPE was significantly reduced by the presence rCBFs and N330, which varied with lamellar morphology. This process involves the displacement of crystalline lamellae into sublayers by nucleation and crystal growth, resulting in the release of linker molecules, limiting entanglement and improving the elastic properties of the amorphous phase. A significant amount of amorphous phase was produced with N330 and oxidized rCBFs, in which the carbon surface was free of residual rubber. Mechanical tensile tests showed an improvement in the elastic modulus of composites containing these fillers.

Highlights

N330 and oxidized rCBFs have surface free of the residual rubber contained in rCBNF.

Significant reduction in the Raman crystallinity of HDPE with rCBF and N330.

Reduction varies with lamellar size through nucleation and crystal growth.

Strong release of the tie molecule improves the elastic modulus of HDPE/rCBF.

Improved mechanical tensile properties of HDPE/rCBF and HDPE/N330.
Shape memory, mechanical and thermomechanical property comparison in MWCNT and GnP modified Bi‐directional (plain) carbon fiber polymer composites
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Tiwari Nilesh , Kumar Krishna , Pandel Upender
Published: September 2024

The study presents a comparative analysis of MWCNT and GnP modified epoxy/bi‐directional (Plain) carbon fiber three‐phase shape memory hybrid composites (epoxy/BDP‐CF 3P‐SMHCs) focusing on their mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties. Fabrication involves preparing nanostructure‐modified epoxy nanocomposites through ultrasonication followed by hand layup technique. The findings revealed that the modified epoxy/BDP‐CF 3P‐SMHCs achieved their optimal performance at a 0.6 wt% concentration of nanostructure, with the tensile strength and modulus increasing by 63.62% and 28.30% for 0.6 wt% MWCNT composite and by 85.44% and 30.62% for 0.6 wt% GnP composite. In addition to the enhancement in tensile properties, improvements were also observed in flexural, ILSS, and thermal properties. These improvements can be attributed to the enhanced interfacial bonding between the polymer and fiber, as confirmed by morphological analysis of fractured tensile samples using FESEM. GnP‐modified epoxy/BDP‐CF 3P‐SMHCs outperformed MWCNT ones due to GnP's sheet structure aligning parallel to the load and larger surface area facilitating enhanced interaction with the matrix. Despite polymer modification, the shape recovery ratio values remained high, with 98.99% for unmodified composite, 97.95% for 0.6 wt% MWCNT modified epoxy/BDP‐CF 3P‐SMHCs, and 97.54% for 0.6 wt% GnP modified epoxy/BDP‐CF 3P‐SMHCs, all exceeding 90%, indicating no compromise in performance.

Highlights

0.6 wt% optimal nanoparticle concentration boosts composite properties.

GnP‐modified composites show superior properties increases over MWCNT.

Tensile, flexural, thermal gains and ILSS link to better bond, FESEM proves.

Recovery ratios over 90% in hybrid composites ensure peak performance.
Enhanced properties of polyethylene through in situ polymerization with siloxene‐supported vanadium‐based catalysts
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhou Yuying , Wu Hao , Liu Chen , Huang Chenghan , He Weiwei , Fang Liang , Zhang Hexin , Yang Jianming , Yoon KeunByoung
Published: September 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) inorganic fillers can significantly improve the properties of polyolefins and broaden their application areas. In this study, high‐performance polyethylene (PE)/siloxene nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization using layered siloxene‐supported vanadium (V)‐based catalysts. The siloxene‐supported V‐based catalysts have highly dispersed active sites and excellent catalytic performance for ethylene polymerization compared to VOCl3 catalysts. The catalytic activity of the siloxene‐supported V‐based catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene was significantly better than that of the VOCl3 catalysts at the same catalyst feed. During in situ polymerization, the layered siloxene fillers exhibited uniform dispersion in the PE matrix. Moreover, the addition of a very small amount (1.12 wt%) of siloxene filler significantly improved the thermal stability and mechanical performance of PE. Therefore, this study presents an effective method to fabricate PE with excellent properties.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of Quantum Fiber‐Optical Gyroscope via a Non‐Gaussian‐State Probe
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Xun , Zhang Rui , Zuo Yunlan , Kuang Le‐Man
Published: September 2024

A theoretical scheme to enhance the sensitivity of a quantum fiber‐optical gyroscope (QFOG) via a non‐Gaussian‐state probe based on quadrature measurements of the optical field is proposed. The non‐Gaussian‐state probe utilizes the product state comprising a photon‐added coherent state (PACS) with photon excitations and a coherent state (CS). The sensitivity of the QFOG is studied and it is found that it can be significantly enhanced through increasing the photon excitations in the PACS probe. The influence of photon loss on the performance of QFOG is investigated and it is demonstrated that the PACS probe exhibits robust resistance to photon loss. Furthermore, the performance of the QFOG using the PACS probe against two Gaussian‐state probes: the CS probe and the squeezed state (SS) probe is compared and it is indicated that the PACS probe offers a significant advantage in terms of sensitivity, regardless of photon loss, under the constraint condition of the same total number of input photons. Particularly, it is found that the sensitivity of the PACS probe can be three orders of magnitude higher than that of two Gaussian‐state probes for certain values of the measured parameter. The capabilities of the non‐Gaussian state probe in enhancing the sensitivity and resisting photon loss can have a wide‐ranging impact on future high‐performance QFOGs.
Constructing river ethics: A new paradigm for the harmonious coexistence between humans and rivers
Authors: Li Guoying
Published: September 2024

River ethics encompasses the values, moral principles, and behavioral norms that govern and regulate the relationship between humans and rivers. Constructing rivers ethics breaks through the traditional ethical dimension that is limited to interpersonal judgment and extends the moral relationship from solely between humans to between humans and river life. China's eco‐civilization drive elucidates that harmony between humans and rivers are the core concept of constructing river ethics. This paper discusses the values, foundation, moral principles, and behavioral norms of river ethics, and forms the theoretical framework of river ethics.