bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the transformation of MinHash-based uncorrected distances into proper evolutionary distances for phylogenetic inference
Authors: Criscuolo Alexis
Published: November 2020

Recently developed MinHash-based techniques were proven successful in quickly estimating the level of similarity between large nucleotide sequences. This article discusses their usage and limitations in practice to approximating uncorrected distances between genomes, and transforming these pairwise dissimilarities into proper evolutionary distances. It is notably shown that complex distance measures can be easily approximated using simple transformation formulae based on few parameters. MinHash-based techniques can therefore be very useful for implementing fast yet accurate alignment-free phylogenetic reconstruction procedures from large sets of genomes. This last point of view is assessed with a simulation study using a dedicated bioinformatics tool.
Patient and family co-developed participant information to improve recruitment rates, retention, and patient understanding in the Rehabilitation Strategies Following Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStOre II) trial: Protocol for a study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: O'Neill Linda , Knapp Peter , Doyle Suzanne L. , Guinan Emer , Parker Adwoa , Segurado Ricardo , Connolly Deirdre , O'Sullivan Jacintha , Reynolds John V. , Hussey Juliette
Published: November 2020

Background: Whilst the potential benefits of exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship are plentiful, recruitment to survivorship rehabilitation trials remains suboptimal. There is growing evidence that Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) initiatives can increase the rate of recruitment to research. This study within a trial (SWAT) will examine if participant information co-developed by patients and their families can lead to greater recruitment rates, retention and understanding of the Rehabilitation Strategies in Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStOre II) trial when compared to standard participant information.

Methods: This SWAT will be carried out over two phases. Phase I will utilise qualitative methods to develop (Phase Ia) and refine (Phase Ib) the new participant information. Phase Ia will recruit up to 20 survivors of upper gastrointestinal or hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer, or their family members, to take part in a focus group or interview to develop the new participant information. Focus groups/interviews will be recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. In Phase Ib, participants will return for a second focus group/interview to refine the participant information. Once finalised, the participant information will be submitted to ethics for approval. In Phase II, potential participants for the ReStOre II trial will be randomly assigned to receive either the standard or patient and family co-developed participant information. The two forms of participant information will be compared by recruitment and retention rates, and participant understanding of the trial (Decision-Making Questionnaire).

Discussion: We anticipate that engaging with patients and their families to develop participant information will help to increase patient understanding of the ReStOre II trial and therefore recruitment and retention rates. The results of this SWAT will indicate the usefulness of this strategy for optimising recruitment to exercise rehabilitation trials in cancer survivorship.

Registration: SWAT: Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store (SWAT-100). ReStOre II: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03958019).
Richard Wiseman: the best known English surgeon of the 17th century
Authors: Ellis Harold
Published: November 2020

This year marks the 400th anniversary of the birth of Richard Wiseman, acknowledged to be the best known surgeon in this country in the 17th century. His authorship of the surgical textbook Several Chirurgical Treatises gave him the well-deserved reputation for being regarded as the father of English surgery.
Single-pixel pattern recognition with coherent nonlinear optics
Authors: Bu Ting , Kumar Santosh , Zhang He , Huang Irwin , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: November 2020

In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a nonlinear-optics approach to pattern recognition with single-pixel imaging and a deep neural network. It employs mode-selective image up-conversion to project a raw image onto a set of coherent spatial modes, whereby its signature features are extracted optically in a nonlinear manner. With 40 projection modes, the classification accuracy reaches a high value of 99.49% for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit images, and up to 95.32%, even when they are mixed with strong noise. Our experiment harnesses rich coherent processes in nonlinear optics for efficient machine learning, with potential applications in online classification of large-size images, fast lidar data analyses, complex pattern recognition, and so on.
Stimbiotic supplementation improved performance and reduced inflammatory response via stimulating fiber fermenting microbiome in weaner pigs housed in a poor sanitary environment and fed an antibiotic-free low zinc oxide diet
Authors: Cho Hyun Min , González-Ortiz Gemma , Melo-Durán Diego , Heo Jung Min , Cordero Gustavo , Bedford Michael R. , Kim Jae Cheol
Published: November 2020

This study investigated whether the inclusion of a stimbiotic (STB) can improve performance, influence intestinal microbiota and fermentation activity, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in piglets fed a low zinc oxide diet without antimicrobial growth promotors compared to fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) when housed either in good sanitary (GS) or poor sanitary (PS) environments. One hundred forty-four male pigs (28-day-old) were sorted by initial body weight (BW) and allocated to one of six experimental treatments: 1) GS environment without any additive (GS-CTR); 2) GS environment with 0.01% stimbiotic (GS-STB); 3) PS environment (without cleaning and disinfection of a previously populated room) without any additive (PS-CTR); 4) PS environment with 0.01% STB (PS-STB); 5) PS environment with 0.1% MOS (PS-MOS); and 6) PS environment with 0.2% FOS (PS-FOS). Each treatment had six replicates, with four animals each. Three feeding phases, based on corn, wheat, and soybean meal were available ad libitum for the 42-days of the study. Housing piglets under PS conditions negatively influenced performance, increased plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), affected the fecal microbial populations and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) compared to GS. Stimbiotic improved 42-d-BW under PS conditions (P < 0.05) whereas MOS or FOS had no effect. On d35, plasma TNF-α was reduced with STB in PS (P < 0.05). The ratio between VFA:BCFA increased (P < 0.05) with STB, MOS or FOS in PS, and under GS condition, STB also increased the ratio. Stimbiotic increased the proportion of Clostridiales Family XIII Incertae Sedis and Clostridiaceae, while MOS and FOS increased Selenomonadaceae, Catabacteriaceae and Fibrobacteraceae. These results indicate that STB shifted the intestinal microbiome to favor fiber fermentation which likely contributed to reduced inflammatory response and improved performance, particularly in piglets reared in PS conditions.
Vitiligo and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kussainova Assiya , Kassym Laura , Akhmetova Almira , Glushkova Natalya , Sabirov Ulugbek , Adilgozhina Saltanat , Tuleutayeva Raikhan , Semenova Yuliya
Published: November 2020

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disease which is often accompanied by mental distress. There are numerous studies dedicated to local and global prevalence of depression in patients with vitiligo but anxiety has not been recognized as a major mental problem within named population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety among patients with vitiligo from different countries and to compare it with patients suffering from eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

Methods

In November 2019, we conducted a systematic search for observational studies that examined the prevalence of anxiety in vitiligo patients. Fifteen studies comprising 1176 patients with vitiligo were included to our systematic review.

Results

The general prevalence of anxiety among vitiligo patients was equal to 35.8%. Statistically significant difference in anxiety rates was found among female and male patients (47.32% vs 42.4%) (P = 0.03), but the clinical relevance of this issue remains arguable. In addition, the pooled odds ratio among vitiligo and non-vitiligo patients did not indicate a statistical significance among patients coming from different continents.

Conclusions

The pooled prevalence of anxiety among vitiligo patients worldwide was comparable to other severe skin disorders. This finding accentuates the necessity of anxiety awareness in management of patients with skin diseases.
Effectiveness of a decision aid for colorectal cancer screening on components of informed choice according to educational attainment: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gabel Pernille , Larsen Mette Bach , Edwards Adrian , Kirkegaard Pia , Andersen Berit
Published: November 2020

Background

The decision to take up colorectal cancer screening has to be made on informed grounds balancing benefits and harms. Self-administered decision aids can support citizens in making an informed choice. A self-administered web-based decision aid targeting citizens with lower educational attainment has been evaluated within the target population. However, the effectiveness in the general screening population remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for colorectal cancer screening on components of informed choice among previous non-participants in colorectal cancer screening.

Methods and findings

The study was designed as a parallel randomised controlled trial among non-participants in colorectal cancer screening in Central Denmark Region (men and women aged 53–74 years). Respondents to baseline and follow-up questionnaires comprised the study population (n = 1,723). The intervention group received the decision aid electronically along with the second reminder. The control group received only the second reminder. The main outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, uptake and decisional conflict) were obtained through questionnaires data and from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Screening Database.

The decision aid increased the uptake rate by 8 percentage points (95% CI: 3.4;12.6) but had no effect on either knowledge (scale score differences: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.05;0.24) or attitudes (0.45; 95% CI: -0.00;0.91). Decisional conflict decreased by 1.69 scale points (95% CI: -3.18;-0.20). The effect was similar across educational attainment levels.

Conclusions

The web-based decision aid offers a feasible way to provide individualised screening information in a "one size fits all" approach that may hold the potential to increase informed CRC screening uptake.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03253888.
Linking nighttime outdoor lighting attributes to pedestrians' feeling of safety: An interactive survey approach
Authors: Portnov Boris A. , Saad Rami , Trop Tamar , Kliger Doron , Svechkina Alina
Published: November 2020

Public space lighting (PSL) contributes to pedestrians’ feeling of safety (FoS) in urban areas after natural dark. However, little is known how different PSL attributes, such as illuminance, light temperature, uniformity and glare, affect people's FoS in different contextual settings. The present study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by developing a model linking different PSL attributes with FoS, while controlling for individual, locational, environmental and temporal factors. To develop such model, the study employs a novel interactive user-oriented method, based on a specially-designed mobile phone application–CityLightsTM. Using this app, a representative sample of observers reported their impressions of PSL attributes and FoS in three cities in Israel, following a set of predetermined routes and points. As the study shows, higher levels of illumination and uniformity positively affect FoS, while lights perceived as warm tend to generate higher FoS than lights perceived as cold. These findings may guide future illumination polices aimed at promoting energy efficiency while ensuring urban sustainability.
Kukutxeztula: «gainditutako» gaitz baten itzulera
Authors: Amuategi Aulestiarte Jone , Benito-Vicente Asier , B. Uribe Kepa , Martín Plágaro César , Ostolaza Etxabe Helena
Published: November 2020

Arnasbideetako infekzioek heriotza tasa altuak eragiten dituzte munduan, COVID-19 birusa izanik azken urteetako adibiderik argiena. Hala ere, ez da libre dabilen patogeno bakarra eta berrikuspen honetan Bordetella pertussis bakterio patogenoak eragindako kukutxeztulaz arituko gara. Kukutxeztula arnasbideen infekzio larri eta kutsakorra da, bertako jariakinekin edota listu tantekin kontaktua izatean transmititzen dena. Helduetan arrisku berezirik ez duten sintomak eragiten dituen arren (etengabeko eztul gertakariak, arnasteko zailtasuna edota sukarra, besteak beste), heriotza eragin dezake urte batetik beherako haurretan batez ere. Kukutxeztula fase goiztiar batean gainditu ez duten gaixoek bigarren mailako pneumonia bezalako konplikazioak garatu ditzakete, horixe izaten delarik kukutxeztulaz hiltzen diren gehienen arrazoi nagusia. Lehen txertoa garatu zenetik kontrolpean zegoela uste izan den arren, kalte handiak eragin ditu garapen bidean dauden herrialdeetan batez ere. Herrialde garatuetan ere badu bere inpaktua, eta 2011tik gaur arte Ipar Amerikan eta mendebaldeko Europan epidemia egoera zabaldu da. Berrikuspen honetan kukutxeztulari buruzko informazioaren eguneratze bat aurkezten da, B. pertussisek erabiltzen dituen hainbat mekanismo infekziosotan arreta jarriz. Mekanismo hauen oinarri molekularra ulertzeak lagundu dezake zeluletan gertatzen diren beste hainbat prozesuren ulerkeran, gaixotasunaren aurkako sendagai berrien garapenean edota biologia molekularreko tresna berrien garapenean.
KV7.2 kanala: estruktura, erregulazioa eta kitzikagarritasun neuronalean duen ekintza
Authors: Nuñez Eider , Muguruza-Montero Arantza , Rodriguez de Yurre Ainhoa , Araujo Ariane , Villarroel Alvaro , Urrutia Janire
Published: November 2020

Potasio-kanalak ia zelula guztien mintzean agertzen dira eta funtzio biologiko garrantzitsuak betetzen dituzte; besteak beste, korronte elektrikoak kontrolatzen dituzte zelula kitzikagarrietan. KV7 kanalen familia 5 kidez osatuta dago (KV7.1-KV7.5), eta horiek kodetzen dituzten geneak patologia esanguratsuekin erlazionatzen dira. KV7 kanalen estrukturak zelula-mintzean txertaturiko 6 segmentuz osaturiko ohiko estruktura partekatzen du; N- eta C-muturrak zelula barnekoak dira. Neuronetan, KV7.2 eta KV7.3 kanalak agertzen dira batik bat; M-korrontea sortuz, neuronen kitzikagarritasuna kontrolatzen duena. M-korrontearen erregulazioa konplexua da seinaleztapen-bidezidor desberdinen bidez erregula baitaiteke. Gq/11 proteinari akoplaturiko hartzaileen bidez erregulatzen da eta seinaleztapen-bidezidorra desberdina da aktibatutako hartzailearen arabera. Horrela, azetilkolinaren M1 hartzaile muskarinikoak KV7.2-aren korrontea inhibituko du PIP2-aren agorpenaren ondorioz. Bradikininaren hartzaileak, ordea, IP3-ak eragindako kaltzio-kontzentrazioaren igoeraren bidez inhibituko du. Mekanismo horietan, hainbat proteinak hartzen dute parte, hala nola kalmodulinak, proteina kinasek eta ainguratze-proteinek. Berrikuspen honetan, KV7.2 kanalari erreparatuko diogu, hainbat gaixotasunen partaide izateagatik eta haren erregulazio konplexuagatik, ikuspuntu farmakologiko batetik itu interesgarria izan baitaiteke.
Polisakaridoetan oinarritutako hidrogelak eta haien aplikazioak biomedikuntzan
Authors: Mendibe Mikel , Lejardi Ainhoa , Sarasua Jose-Ramon
Published: November 2020

Biomaterial adimentsuen ikerketan azken urteotan eman den ebolu- zioak estimuluei erantzuteko gai diren polisakarido naturaletan oinarritutako hidrogelen garapena bultzatu du; izan ere, material horiek bio-bateragarritasuna eta biodegradagarritasuna izateaz gain, giza ehunen birsorkuntzan lagundu dezaketelako. Hidrogel horiek ura xurgatzeko gaitasuna dute eta baita estimulu elektriko, magnetiko, termiko eta kimikoen aurrean erantzuteko gaitasuna; hala, hidrogel polimerikoek zabalik dituzte aplikazio biomedikoetarako ateak.
Obozitoak in vitro heltzeko teknika (IVM): enbrioiaren garapen egokirako erronka
Authors: Totorikaguena Iturriaga Lide , Olabarrieta López Estibaliz , Agirregoitia Marcos Naiara , Agirregoitia Marcos Ekaitz
Published: November 2020

Ugaztun emeen obozitoen heltze-prozesua ugalkortasunean garrantzi handia duen prozesua da, obulua ernaldua izateko ezinbestekoa delako. Gainera, heltze-prozesuak baldintzatzen du sortu behar den izaki berria, garapen-bidean dagoen enbrioiaren kalitatea zuzenean lotuta baitago obozitoaren heldutasunarekin eta kalitatearekin. Izan ere, obozitoen heltze-prozesuarekin erlazionatutako aldaketa nuklear eta zitoplasmatiko egokiak funtsezkoak dira obulazio eta haren ondorengo ernalketa zuzen baterako. Erronka nagusietariko bat da, beraz, heltze-prozesuan garrantzitsuak diren seinaleztapen-bidezidorrak eta elkarrekintza konplexuak zehaztea. Horrela, emakumezkoen ugal-fisiologia hobeto ulertzeaz gain, obozitoen in vitro heltze-prozesua modulatuz, lagunduriko ugalketa-teknikak optimizatzen lagundu genezakeelako: besteak beste, obozitoak in vitro heltzeko (IVM) teknika. Teknika horren bidez, pazienteari oraindik helduta ez dauden obozitoak erauzten zaizkio eta exogenoki heltzen dira hazkuntza-inguruneetan. Modu horretan, albo-kalte ugari eragiten dituen gonadotropinak hartzea saihesten da, eta hormonazioa kontraindikaturik daukaten emakumeentzat haurdun geratzeko aukera bakarrenetarikoa da. Teknika horren ezarpenak aurrerapen ugari dakartzan arren (esaterako, albo-kalte eta kostu ekonomiko gutxiago), oraindik gutxi erabiltzen da, beste ugal-tekniken arrakasta-mailara heldu ez delako.
La negociación colectiva ante los riesgos laborales en la nueva era digital
Authors: Fernández Collados María Belén
Published: November 2020

La nueva era digital ha supuesto grandes cambios en el sistema económico y productivo que comportan nuevos riesgos para la salud de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Este ensayo, que forma parte del resultado de una investigación más extensa sobre el impacto de la Industria 4.0 en el trabajo[1], pretende analizar el papel que desempeña y puede llegar a desempeñar la negociación colectiva en la prevención de tales riesgos. A tal fin, antes de examinar los instrumentos negociales, es preciso sentar ciertas premisas sobre el Derecho del Trabajo en la que ha sido calificada como industria 4.0, así como considerar cuáles son los riesgos laborales y las medidas de prevención, para finalmente llegar a una serie de conclusiones y propuestas.[1] Esta obra queda enmarcada dentro de los trabajos de investigación desarrollados por la autora en el Proyecto financiado por la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia a través de la convocatoria de Ayudas a proyectos para el desarrollo de investigación científica y técnica por grupos competitivos, incluida en el Programa Regional de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica (Plan de Actuación 2018) de la Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia: 20976/PI/18: El impacto de la Industria 4.0 en el trabajo: Una visión interdisciplinar.
Análisis espacial de un índice pupal de Aedes aegypti: una configuración del riesgo de transmisión de arbovirosis
Authors: Niño Larry , Morales Monje Juliana Andrea , Castro-Salas Mirley , Alcalá Lucas
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo aborda un análisis espacial de un índice pupal (IP) de Aedes aegypti para establecer la aplicabilidad de la información geográfica y evaluar el riesgo de transmisión de arbovirosis en una localidad específica. Se obtuvo el IP y los índices de infestación tradicionales de larvas de Aedes aegypti en 366 viviendas, en una inspección del municipio de Tena (Cundinamarca, Colombia). La obtención de datos georreferenciados permitió analizar espacialmente las variables consideradas, con base en interpolaciones realizadas en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Se contabilizaron 1.211 habitantes y se inspeccionaron 617 depósitos. Acorde con la clasificación de depósitos, los tanques bajos fueron los más frecuentes (51,0 %) y los más productivos, aportando el 93,3 % de las pupas. El índice de pupas por persona estimado en la localidad fue de 0,4. Se describe la heterogeneidad espacial del riego de transmisión de arbovirosis y de sus componentes. La implementación de la representación cartográfica de índices pupales, sumado a un análisis de riesgo de transmisión de arbovirosis, de acuerdo a la vulnerabilidad humana y la amenaza vectorial, constituyen aportes importantes a las estrategias de control y prevención, permitiendo una gestión optimizada de recursos por parte de los entes territoriales.
Determinación de la composición fenólica en granos ancestrales de uso alimentario. Comparación de métodos analíticos y de actividad antioxidante
Authors: M.ª Delcourt-garcía Magdalena , Escribano-Bailón María Teresa , Dueñas Montserrat
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar los compuestos fenólicos totales de diferentes granos ancestrales: dos variedades de tef (Eragrostis tef), trigo sarraceno (Fagopyrum esculentum) y trigo espelta (Triticum spelta) por diferentes métodos espectrofotométricos (Folin-Ciocalteu y Fast Blue BB) y comparar con los resultados obtenidos de estudiar la composición fenólica individualizada mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a un sistema de detección de fotodiodos y espectrometría de masas (HPLC-DAD-MS). También se determinó la actividad antioxidante in vitro de los extractos de los granos ancestrales estudiados por el método TEAC (capacidad antioxidante equivalente de Trolox) y FRAP (poder antioxidante reductor del hierro). El uso de HPLC-DAD-MS permitió identificar un gran número de compuestos fenólicos: compuestos hidroxibenzoicos, hidroxicinámicos, flavonoles, flavonas y flavanoles. Las flavonas fueron la familia de compuestos fenólicos más abundante detectada en las muestras de espelta, teff, blanco y marrón. Sin embargo, en el trigo sarraceno son los flavanoles (64 %). La cuantificación de los compuestos fenólicos por HPLC-DAD-MS parece más oportuna que por los métodos espectrofotométricos. Con respecto a la actividad antioxidante, el trigo sarraceno mostró los valores más altos frente a su capacidad de captar radicales libres y poder reductor en relación a las otras muestras estudiadas, pudiéndose relacionar con su alto contenido en compuestos fenólicos.
Desarrollo, elaboración y control de un preparado cosmético antiestrías
Authors: González Paniagua Rocío , Zarzuelo Castañeda Aránzazu
Published: November 2020

Las estrías son cicatrices atróficas formadas por la rotura y pérdida de fibras de colágeno, elastina y fibrina. Actualmente, se han convertido en un problema estético más que médico, que cursan con un gran componente emocional, y que pueden ocasionar síntomas físicos como picazón, sensibilidad y dolor. Se pueden desarrollar a cualquier edad, pero son más frecuentes en el inicio de la pubertad; son más frecuentes en las mujeres y se desarrollan en zonas de crecimiento corporal. Las estrías están condicionadas por múltiples factores endocrinos y exocrinos.

A día de hoy, no existe un tratamiento que elimine por completo a la estría, por lo que se emplean tratamientos orientados a la prevención y atenuacion de la misma. El objetivo de esta memoria es el desarrollo de productos cosméticos con una composición eficaz, combinables con otros tratamientos y de fácil elaboración desde la oficina de farmacia.
CHARISMA AND SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIAN POLITICS
Authors: Nadzir Ibnu , Rastati Ranny
Published: November 2020

The ability to exploit social media to develop political charisma has become essential for aspiring Indonesian politicians. Social media is even more crucial for those who competes in urban areas, where its citizens has better access on digital technology. Nevertheless, despite the entanglement, study on the function of social media to develop political charisma is still relatively nascent. In this regards, the article explores the way politicians employ social media to get and maintain their power. How do social media affordances enabled politicians to manufacture political charisma? To what extent, political charisma developed on social media enabled politicians to influence their followers? To answer these problem, the article draws from the political trajectory of Ridwan Kamil, Governor of West Java, whose political persona relies heavily on his personal use of social media. Based on digital observation and several in-depth interviews, the article proposes three arguments: First, social media affordances enabled politician to construct political charisma based on multiple representations within a short period of time. Second, the infrastructure of social media has reinforced the blurry lines between personal and public matters in politics. Third, the influence of charisma developed through social media is constrained by social and political contexts.
HARTE DAN TUNGGUAN : REDEFINISI ADAT TUNGGU TUBANG PADA KOMUNITAS SEMENDE MIGRAN
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: November 2020

Semende community at Muara Sahung, Bengkulu is ethnic group who migrated from Semende origin (Muara Enim) in South Sumatra Province. Semende community in this Muara Sahung coexist with various communities with a strong patrilineal culture value, where inheritance of property prefer men. In contrast to Semende cultural, with tunggu tubang customary, women (especially the eldest daughter) are important public and preferably as a ruler, and guards who utilize the inheritance his parents. As a cultural identity, tunggu tubang in Muara Sahung community still sustained. But the strong cultural intervention from the communities around it, then going on redefinition of tunggu tubang custom. The process of redefinition is done by the conceptualization of inheritance against itself, so that gave rise to the concept of tungguan (usually in the form of a house), and harte (usually in the form of land). The conceptualization of this custom was eventually also carry consequences where mastery against the tungguan more left to the woman (tunggu tubang), while mastery against harte were handed to men (jenang).
Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with the Spoilage of Sweet Orange and Banana in Sokoto Metropolis
Authors: Ameh Michael
Published: November 2020

Mycological studies on Fungi in apparently diseased Sweet Orange (
Citrus sinensis)and Banana (
Musa sapientum)sampled from various points in Kara market in Sokoto Metropolis was carried out between August and September. The samples were surfaced sterilised with ethanol and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated aerobically at room temperature for 7 days at 30C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The investigation revealed that the samples were infected with several fungi species. The most predominant Fungi isolated from Sweet Orange were
Cladosporium spp(40%),
Fusarium

spp (30%),
Alternaria

spp (20%), and
Chrysonilia spp(10%) while the most predominant Fungi isolated from Banana were
Fusarium

spp(50%),
Mucor

spp (30%) and
Rhizopus spp(20%). The pathogenecity test results show that
Cladosporium sppand
Fusarium sppwere the most active in sweet orange with rot length of 74 mm and 70 mm respectively and the least active fungi were
Alternaria sppand
Chrysonilia sppwith rot lengths of 52 mm and 48 mm respectively. Furthermore,
Fusarium sppand
Mucor sppwere the most active in banana with rot lengths of 84 mm and 75 mm respectively and the least active fungus was
Rhizopus sppwith rot lengths of 54 mm.
Patterns of Ocular Dominance Domains and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs in Striate Cortex of The Prosimian Primate Galago
Authors: Olavarria Jaime , Qi Hui-Xin , Casagrande Vivien A , Kaas Jon H
Published: November 2020

Previous anatomical studies of ocular dominance columns (ODCs) in V1 of galagos did not investigate the overall tangential arrangement of eye-specific input in different cortical layers of V1. Likewise, studies using optical imaging of intrinsic signals have not provided information on the pattern of ODCs in layer 4 and deeper layers because this technique detects mostly activity patterns of neurons in the superficial layers. Here we demonstrate the patterns of ODCs across the cortical layers following intraocular injections of the transneuronal tracer WGA-HRP, and correlate these patterns with the array of CO blobs in tangential sections of the flattened cortex. In sections through supragranular V1, the WGA-HRP labeling appears as an array of distinct patches that most likely represent the patchy koniocellular input to layer 3 shown by previous studies. In layer 4, WGA-HRP labeling forms interconnected bands whose overall arrangement resembles the pattern of ODCs in cats. Comparison of the HRP and CO labeling patterns revealed that in supragranular layers, virtually all CO blobs overlap with WGA-HRP labeled patches. Since only one eye was injected with WGA-HRP, these data suggest that CO blobs receive input from both eyes. Moreover, in layer 4, CO blobs are not necessarily centered on ODCs, but often span the borders between left and right columns. Our results provide new information on the distribution and correlation of eye specific input across cortical layers in galago V1, and support the view that the alignment between ODCs and CO blobs seen in macaques is not a general feature of primate V1.
Efecto antrópico en la geomorfología y morfodinámica de la franja costera de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
Authors: Chávez López Saúl
Published: November 2020

La ciudad de La Paz no ha sido ajena a las tendencias de crecimiento poblacional que se han dado en las regiones costeras. Crecimiento que se hace evidente a partir de la década de los años noventa del siglo pasado, motivado por una economía basada en la actividad turística, y que se refleja en el acelerado y desordenado incremento de su área urbana. En este contexto se plantea como objetivo analizar el efecto antrópico en la franja y borde costero de la laguna de La Paz, empleando para ello las metodologías de cambios geomorfológicos y morfodinámicos. En el área de estudio se reconocen dos unidades geomorfológicas: llanura aluvial y franja costera, ambas sometidas a una creciente actividad antrópica, lo que genera importantes cambios inherentes al urbanismo. El efecto en la franja costera se refleja con la alteración y pérdida parcial o total de ecosistemas costeros, debido a la construcción de infraestructura turística. Al mismo tiempo, en la llanura aluvial el incremento progresivo del área urbana ha reducido el área de escurrimiento efectivo y aporte sedimentario, modificando el balance que dio origen a los ambientes costeros, ocasionando que las condiciones por falta de material cambien lo suficiente como para reflejarse en la erosión de su línea de costa, que, en una extensión perimetral de 7.1 km en el periodo de 1973 al 2017, registra una tasa de retroceso de -0.00227 km2 en 44 años (0.3 m/año).
Consideraciones sobre la fruticultura y la agricultura familiar frutícola en el Alto Valle de Río Negro
Authors: Urraza Maria Soledad
Published: November 2020

El trabajo de extensión con productores frutícolas de la región del Alto Valle es el que interpela la reflexión–acción desde diversos ángulos. Se parte de la necesaria intervención para el desarrollo rural con centro en los eslabones más vulnerables de la cadena de producción frutícola y se recorren los debates actuales en torno a la fruticultura y a la existencia de agricultura familiar frutícola. ¿Cómo se organiza económicamente la actividad frutícola; cómo se insertan los diversos agentes económicos en el mercado? ¿Cuán heterogéneo es el sector de los productores, existe la agricultura familiar frutícola? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones necesarias para que los chacareros se organicen? Con estos interrogantes se analizan y debaten diferentes opiniones vertidas en documentos y trabajos científicos de actualidad, aportando algunas reflexiones para avanzar hacia el diseño de políticas públicas.
Process of Migrating from Alice for Windows Software to Millennium Software: Covenant University Experience
Authors: Segun-Adeniran Chidi Deborah , Adebayo Oyeronke , Itsekor Victoria O. , Michael-Onuoha Happiness C.
Published: November 2020

The whole essence of the library is providing users with the information they require at the right time, using a fast and easy to reach platform. For Covenant University, the migration from Alice for Windows to Millennium software in 2010 brought about a complete change in the library workplace. This paper brings to the fore all the efforts and processes that was engaged in order to bring on board Millennium software for library operations in Center for Learning Resources. It also looked at the hitches encountered during the process and how these hitches were tackled. Suggestions were also given on how to successfully automate library resources and migrate from one software to another.
Self contained Food Sample Homogenization Filter Bag for Microbial Analysis
Authors: C. Jayaprahash , JH. Lakshmana , J. Joseph Kingston
Published: November 2020

The complexity of food materials owing to the diverse matrices and biochemical composition poses challenge to microbiologists especially to identify the microbial contamination at low level. The present study describes the development and evaluation of a ready to use self-contained food sample homogenization bag (All-In-Bag) with the required sterile diluent and an in-built filter for subsequent clarification of the homogenate for microbiological analysis. Three-ply non-foil laminate comprising outer alumina oxide coated polyester film, middle nylon and inner polypropylene layers were used for the outer layers while non-woven polypropylene sheet with of 50 μ to 100 μ size porosity was sandwiched between the laminated sheets to restrain the food debris but allow the microbial cells to pass through across along with the diluent. The homogenization bag along with the diluent was sterilized by thermal (retort) processing with F0 value (lethality value) of 12 to ensure the sterility of diluent during storage. The effectiveness of the All-in-Bag for the homogenisation of different food sample matrices for microbiological analysis was compared with BagPage®+ bag. All-in-Bag withstood the shearing action during sample paddling in the bag mixer/stomacher and no significant difference was observed for both aerobic plate count. Spike and recovery of E. coli from the different food matrices indicating absence of interference for microbial recovery in newly developed All-in-Bag. The All-in-Bag, the first of its kind with 12 months shelf life does away with the requirement of sterile diluent preparation and additional steps for the clarification of the homogenate and thus making microbial food quality analysis easier in places with limited resources.
Molecular Docking Unmasks Potent Phytoligands against SARS CoV 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Main Protease, Papain like Protease and RNA dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Dhar Priyanka , Roy Paushali
Published: November 2020

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has offered a unique challenge for human survival. However, there is no available known prophylaxis, therapeutic intervention, and vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 to date. We aimed towards identifying novel phytoligands from widely available botanical resources which could serve as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Based on literature review, database search, ADMET, and drug-likeness, 55 phytoligands and 8 synthetic repurposing drugs were screened and tested against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, main protease, papain-like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase using molecular docking and protein-ligand interaction. All phytoligands and repurposing drugs showed binding affinity based inhibitory potential against the viral proteins. The highest binding affinities of phytoligands towards antiviral targets were exhibited by colchicine and oleic acid, and that of repurposing drugs was shown by saquinavir and nelfinavir. Capsaicin, oleic acid, azithromycin, nelfinavir, remdesivir, and saquinavir were acted as plausible broad-spectrum inhibitors. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions of amino acids were varied significantly within the conserved domain along with glutamic acid richness. Further investigation should be carried out to obtain the synergistic effect using cell-based assays, animal models, and clinical trials to discover novel phytomedicine against SARS-CoV-2.
Introduction – language learning and professionalization in higher education: where we are, where we need to be, and how we get there
Authors: Dupuy Béatrice , Grosbois Muriel
Published: November 2020

Language learning for professional purposes is here explored through themes related to postsecondary students’ experiences and professional integration, (multimodal) communication, and (online) instructional design principles, and language teacher education. Each chapter seeks to focus on how research results could/should inform training design in higher education (research-based recommendations, implications for pedagogy) so as to promote learning and sustain the link between FL education and professionalization in today’s and tomorrow’s society.
Telling stories multimodally: what observations of parent-child shared book-reading activities can bring to L2 kindergarten teachers’ training
Authors: Beaupoil-Hourdel Pauline
Published: November 2020

In Chapter 6, Pauline Beaupoil-Hourdel presents multimodal and plurisemiotic analyses of storytelling activities in adult-child dyadic interactions at home in France and analyzes the extent to which this context can inform the professionalization of teachers in the 21st century. Findings show that spontaneous adult-child interactions during storytelling and shared book reading at home provide valuable insights for kindergarten and primary school teachers to teach an L2, as well as new multimodal perspectives on fostering linguistic, narrative, and communication skills in young children at school.
The resources of adults taking care of their elderly parents at home – a research report
Authors: Bartnikowska Urszula , Ćwirynkało Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Considering the increased demographic aging and system changes in the welfare system in Poland, home care became one of the most important forms of taking care of disabled or elderly persons. Although the country is rooted in the idea of a nanny state, based on large institutions and providing minimum income, for a long time now family has been considered as the basic provider of informal care to the elderly. The aim of the present study is to give some insight into the resources of adult children providing care to their elderly, disabled parents. In order to acquire a comprehensive perception of the phenomenon, the authors chose an interpretavist paradigm and applied a phenomenographic method. 21 participants, aged 41–65, who were caregivers of their parents, took part in semi-structured interviews. Two main research problems were formulated: (1) How do the participants perceive their resources as caregivers of their elderly, disabled parents? (2) What kind of support related to the care of their parents do they consider essential? Results: The participants distinguish two main kinds of resources: internal (e.g. values, passions, feelings for parents, economic situation) and external (e.g. parents, family, friends, professionals, medical equipment and centers they have access to). The narratives of the participants also indicate a number of needs they experience. Implications for practice are discussed.
Educating teachers of the visually impaired in the context of educational and social changes – a research report
Authors: Czerwińska Kornelia , Miler-Zdanowska Kamila
Published: November 2020

Changes in the ways of performing professional roles of special education teachers entail the need to develop new solutions for academic education for teachers of the visually impaired. The assessment of the content and forms of the previously proposed education for teachers of the visually impaired from the perspective of the usefulness of their professional competencies may be helpful in the determination of the needed directions of changes in this respect. The aim of the article is to describe and analyse the results of comparative research on visual impairment pedagogy graduates educated in the system of 5-year uniform master’s studies and 3-year bachelor’s studies, concerning the course of their educational and professional paths.
The economic situation and social interactions of prisoners’ families
Authors: Dzierzyńska-Breś Sonia
Published: November 2020

This article shows the current state of knowledge about: the economic situation and social interactions of families of prisoners. An in-depth analysis of own research, as well as those presented so far in Polish and foreign literature, has allowed to distinguish three types of social situations of families of prisoners, with particular emphasis on their economic situation and social interactions, namely; (1) the social situation of a family supporting the resocialization of the prisoner, (2) the social situation of a prisoner’s family, which is in opposition to the process of resocialization, (3) the social situation of a family focused on the reconstruction of its own social environment.
Tailored Success: Disability and the Possibility of Being Successful.
Authors: Szafran Joanna , Magdalena Wasielewska Magdalena Wasielewska
Published: November 2020

The article addresses the issue of success in the context of people with disabilities. Attention was paid to the specific nature of the concept; starting with the definition, attempts were made to point out that success, being a certain “objective” construct, has a definitely individual character and should be considered as such. This individual dimension designates not only the interpretative framework determining its achievement, but also draws attention to the fact that success may have many faces. There is a need for achievement in every person, a completed challenge gives a sense of happiness, and this, according to many, is the real measure of success.
A Child with Autism in a State School – A program for working with an autistic child in primary school.
Authors: Wieczorek Emilia
Published: November 2020

In the paper, the author discusses educational interactions focused on a child with autism. The first part of the study presents the characteristics of functioning of an autistic child, taking into account specific needs and difficulties. The research material was used to present the specificity of child’s functioning in certain developmental spheres: socio-emotional sphere, cognitive sphere, self-care, communication, sensory integration and motor integration. Bearing in mind a multi-profile diagnosis of the disorder and including various spheres of child’s functioning, the diagnosis was referenced to programming the process of support. The author concludes by presenting a reflection on dilemmas and challenges in education of autistic children.
Uncovering the Cultural Beliefs in a Nascent Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
Authors: Marineau Joshua E. , Nordstrom Onnolee
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we use Cultural Consensus as a theory and methodology and collect and analyze individuals’ mental models of entrepreneurship. This novel approach, combined with social network analysis, allows us to empirically study the shared cultural beliefs present within a nascent EE. Based on this case, we determine that, in contrast to mature ecosystems, the cultural beliefs within this nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem clearly prioritize action and behavioral elements over individual characteristics or entrepreneurial-related outcomes. Thus, our study suggests that the cultural beliefs within early ecosystems are different than the cultural beliefs that underpin mature ecosystems. We discuss implications and future research related to these findings and this approach.
Book Reviews
Authors: Charman Karen
Published: November 2020

Trump, the Alt-right and Public Pedagogies of Hate and for Fascism—What is to be Done?Mike Cole, London, Routledge, 2019

Theresa May, The Hostile Environment and the Public Pedagogies of Hate and Threat—the Case for a Future Without BordersMike Cole, London, Routledge, 2020
Analyzing the influence of the ground layer on reinforcement strength of lacquer film in the restoration of ancient Chinese lacquer furniture
Authors: Zhang Tianxing , Wu Zhihui , Sun Tian
Published: November 2020

The ground layer of Chinese ancient lacquer furniture is located below the lacquer film. It is a crucial layer to reinforce the restoration of the furniture, since the ground layer can increase the reinforced strength. In this experiment, lacquer films with and without ground layers were selected as the key materials that were bonded onto wood blocks with various ground layers via adhesives including lacquer, bone glue, and polyvinyl acetate (PVAC). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical test machine were used to observe the ground layers, the permeation of the adhesives, and reinforced strength of lacquer film. The experiment showed that the ground layer can affect the reinforced strength of lacquer film in the permeation and effective bonding of adhesives. Good permeation increases the strength of lacquer film because of the coarse ground layer. The effective bonding of adhesives includes the film-formation of lacquer, the gel prevention of bone glue, and the successful polymerization of PVAC, which also can increase the strength of the lacquer film.
Fabrication and performance of a spherical cellulose nanocrystal-based hydrophobic drug delivery vehicle using rubber wood
Authors: Zheng Dingyuan , Deng Yating , Xia Yue , Nan Yiman , Peng Meijiao , Wang Xinduo , Yue Jinque
Published: November 2020

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were fabricated using rubber wood (RW) as the raw material via acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonication. The CNCs samples were then grafted with succinic anhydride to obtain modified CNCs, hereafter called CS. The CS samples were subsequently coated with a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, and the obtained samples were named as CC. The morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the RW, CNCs, CS, and CC samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Finally, the drug release performance was investigated using CC as the drug carrier and hesperidin, a hydrophobic drug, as the model drug. The drug release mechanism was also considered. The results of this study identified a new route for the high-value utilization of RW and also demonstrated that RW could be used as a novel substrate for the construction of cellulose-based hydrophobic drug delivery systems.