bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are all copepods the same? Variation in copepod stoichiometry with taxonomy, ontogeny, latitude, and habitat
Authors: Herstoff Emily M. , Meunier Cédric L. , Boersma Maarten , Baines Stephen
Published: December 2023

Copepods are the most abundant metazoans on Earth, driving cycles of key elements in aquatic systems, most prominently carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). One key factor determining nutrient cycling is copepod somatic stoichiometry, which can reflect ecological strategy. We conducted a systematic review that updates the seminal work of Båmstedt (1986) by summarizing the effects of latitude, habitat, life history stage, and taxonomy on C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of field‐collected copepods. We found that differences among copepod families accounted for the greatest variation, with the Rhincalanidae and Diaptomidae being particularly C‐rich, while the Calanidae were more N‐ and P‐rich. Copepod C:N was higher in inland waters compared with animals from marine environments in both copepodites and adult females, matching the higher C content of seston in many inland freshwaters. For both copepodites and adult females, mid‐latitude animals had higher C:N and C:P than high‐latitude animals, which matched predictions based on the availability of nutrients or adaptation to cold environments. More data must be gathered to fill gaps in our knowledge of copepod stoichiometry, focusing particularly on younger life stages, non‐calanoids, low and high latitudes, the southern hemisphere, and estuarine and some inland water habitats, including large lakes. Such information will help better parameterize models of aquatic ecosystems and improve our understanding of how copepods influence consumer‐driven nutrient cycling and food web dynamics.
Identifying invasive species threats, pathways, and impacts to improve biosecurity
Authors: Lieurance Deah , Canavan Susan , Behringer Donald C. , Kendig Amy E. , Minteer Carey R. , Reisinger Lindsey S. , Romagosa Christina M. , Flory S. Luke , Lockwood Julie L. , Anderson Patti J. , Baker Shirley M. , Bojko Jamie , Bowers Kristen E. , Canavan Kim , Carruthers Kelly , Daniel Wesley M. , Gordon Doria R. , Hill Jeffrey E. , Howeth Jennifer G. , Iannone Basil V. , Jennings Lucas , Gettys Lyn A. , Kariuki Eutychus M. , Kunzer John M. , Laughinghouse H. Dail , Mandrak Nicholas E. , McCann Sara , Morawo Tolulope , Morningstar Cayla R. , Neilson Matthew , Petri Tabitha , Pfingsten Ian A. , Reed Robert N. , Walters Linda J. , Wanamaker Christian
Published: December 2023

Managing invasive species with prevention and early‐detection strategies can avert severe ecological and economic impacts. Horizon scanning, an evidence‐based process combining risk screening and consensus building to identify threats, has become a valuable tool for prioritizing invasive species management and prevention. We assembled a working group of experts from academic, government, and nonprofit agencies and organizations, and conducted a multi‐taxa horizon scan for Florida, USA, the first of its kind in North America. Our primary objectives were to identify high‐risk species and their introduction pathways, to detail the magnitude and mechanism of potential impacts, and, more broadly, to demonstrate the utility of horizon scanning. As a means to facilitate future horizon scans, we document the process used to generate the list of taxa for screening. We evaluated 460 taxa for their potential to arrive, establish, and cause negative ecological and socioeconomic impacts, and identified 40 potential invaders, including alewife, zebra mussel, crab‐eating macaque, and red swamp crayfish. Vertebrates and aquatic invertebrates posed the greatest invasion threat, over half of the high‐risk taxa were omnivores, and there was high confidence in the scoring of high‐risk taxa. Common arrival pathways were ballast water, biofouling of vessels, and escape from the pet/aquarium/horticulture trade. Competition, predation, and damage to agriculture/forestry/aquaculture were common impact mechanisms. We recommend full risk analysis for the high‐risk taxa; increased surveillance at Florida's ports, state borders, and high‐risk pathways; and periodic review and revision of the list. Few horizon scans detail the comprehensive methodology (including list‐building), certainty estimates for all scoring categories and the final score, detailed pathways, and the magnitude and mechanism of impact. Providing this information can further inform prevention efforts and can be efficiently replicated in other regions. Moreover, harmonizing methodology can facilitate data sharing and enhance interpretation of results for stakeholders and the general public.
Association between central sensitization, pain sensitivity and balance control in patients with migraine
Authors: Sennholz A. , Szikszay T. M. , Marusich T. , Luedtke K. , Carvalho G. F.
Published: December 2023

Background

Balance alterations are prevalent among pain conditions, including migraine. The mechanisms explaining the association between pain and balance are unclear, as well as whether levels of pain sensitivity correlate with impaired balance. Our aim was therefore to investigate the association between balance, central sensitization symptoms and pain sensitivity in patients with migraine.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 50 patients and demographic, clinical information, central sensitization inventory (CSI) and pain catastrophizing (PCS) scores were obtained. Patients underwent a standardized protocol evaluating balance and pain thresholds for cold (CPT), heat (HPT), mechanical (MPT) and pressure (PPT) in trigeminal (V1) and extra‐trigeminal (C6) dermatomes. Data were analysed using Person's correlation, linear regression models and contrasting the presence and absence of central sensitization symptoms through T‐tests.

Results

Mild‐to‐moderate correlations were observed between balance and MPT in V1 (r = −0.24, p = 0.046) and C6 (r = −0.41, p = 0.002), CPT in V1 (r = 0.31, p = 0.026), CSI scores (r = 0.27, p = 0.029) and migraine frequency (r = 0.25, p = 0.040). Balance was explained by CPT and MPT (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.001). The variance of CSI was explained by PCS scores and balance (R2 = 0.28, p = 0.001). Patients with symptoms of central sensitization presented an increased balance impairment (p = 0.044) and higher catastrophizing levels (p = 0.001) in contrast to patients without symptoms.

Conclusion

Balance impairment is associated with reduced pain thresholds and higher CSI scores. These results may help to elucidate the aetiology of balance alterations among chronic pain conditions.

Significance

For the first time, it has been shown that balance alterations can reflect greater pain sensitivity and signs of central sensitization in patients with migraine. This opens up perspectives for future studies to understand the mechanisms and further factors associated with balance and pain sensitivity in migraine.
Review of Power Quality and Stability of EV Charging with Grid and PV Solar
Authors: Bishla Sandeep , Khosla Anita
Published: December 2023

As a sustainable mode of transportation, electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity, and their integration with the power grid and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems is essential for their widespread adoption. Solar PV and EV systems have improved based on the generation and demands of the power grid. However, incorporating EV chargers with the grid and PV solar systems can cause power quality issues and stability problems that can impact the charger's performance and affect the charging procedure. EV technologies are divided into two major components: electric propulsion systems and EV charging systems. The electric propulsion system delivers the necessary energy for the EV motor in an EV system. In addition, with higher penetration, EVs and PVs are anticipated to emerge as new participants in the energy market operation and can play a crucial role in redefining the market. Many have integrated into the electricity network to reach renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar PV. The study concludes that continued research and development are necessary to upgrade the power quality and solidness of EV charging frameworks, to ensure the seamless integration of PV solar systems and electric vehicles into the grid, and to promote sustainable transportation.
River adjustments in response to human activities: A case study of the lower Beijiang River, China
Authors: Ding Can , Huang Dong , Li Haibin , Chen Xinchi
Published: December 2023

Intensive human activity has caused significant changes in the river morphology and hydrological characteristics of the Pearl River Delta. Particularly, in‐channel mining and dam construction have induced remarkable levels of downward riverbed incision. Although strict control measures have been implemented for in‐channel sand mining, it remains unclear how the river has evolved since the abandonment of high‐intensity mining and its impact on flow diversion at the downstream confluence. This study presents the hydrological and morphological adjustments in the lower Beijiang River, the second largest tributary of the Pearl River, under the impacts of human interventions. A hydrodynamic model was developed to reveal the impacts of riverbed deformation on the flow diversion ratio at Sixianjiao, the confluence of the Beijaing River and the Xijiang River. The results showed that construction of cascade reservoirs upstream reach did not strongly influence run‐off, whereas incoming sediment loads were decreased. Because of upstream damming and in‐channel sand mining, a dramatic downward incision was observed in the lower Beijiang River, with a degradation volume of approximately 239.8 million m3 from 1999 to 2012. Particularly, in the upper reach, the incision depth was typically larger than 8 m. Riverbed incision caused continuous changes in the water stage–discharge relationship, and discharge increased remarkably under the same water level at the three hydrometric stations. During 2012–2020, because in‐channel sand mining was strictly controlled, rapid degradation was alleviated, deposition occurred in some cross‐sections and the deformation volume decreased by approximately 90% compared to that in the last period. A fast downward incision induced a change in flow exchange between the two rivers, and the flow diversion ratio of the Beijiang River increased from an average of 17% before 1998 to more than 21%.
Capital flight and public health outcomes in Africa
Authors: Kassouri Yacouba
Published: December 2023

Motivated by the momentous concerns over the development challenges associated with capital flight and the persistent lack of funding to improve healthcare in Africa, this study investigates the effects of capital flight on public health outcomes. Exploiting regional variations in capital flight stemming from differences in exchange rate regimes across CFA (Communaute Financiere Africaine) zone countries and non‐CFA zone countries, I construct a shift‐share instrumental variable to infer the causal effect of capital flight on health outcomes in Africa. The results show some headways toward considering capital flight as a potential threat to achieving better public health outcomes. This finding is robust to various robustness tests, including pre‐existing trend analysis, falsification tests, heterogeneity analysis, and alternative instrumental variable specifications. The study demonstrates that government spending on health and living standards are the main routes through which capital flight influences public health outcomes.
Playing with Protic Additives to Improve the Outcome of Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Fullerene C60 with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Ergun Dönmez Merve , Eriksson Måns , Hulu Gustav , Nordström Michael , Grennberg Helena
Published: December 2023

A new one‐phase process for hydroarylation of C60 fullerene using arylboronic acids and a rhodium catalyst in an aromatic solvent containing soluble protic additives is described. Yields of monohydroarylated product with tert‐butanol and water as the protic additive range from 14 to 50 % depending on which arylboronic acid is used after reaction times of 4 hours or less which is a significant improvement from the outcome of reactions carried out using conditions from the literature. Accurate monitoring of reaction outcomes was achieved by a combination of UV‐Vis spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy: C60 conversion was determined using an analytical HPLC‐UV‐vis method employing commonly available columns for the separation, while product formation was quantified by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy with an internal standard. Moreover, two new arylboronic acids carrying 4‐alkynyl aryl substituents, synthesized using Sonogashira couplings, are reported, as well as the use of these in the hydroarylation of C60.
The role of hospital‐based vascular access teams and implications for patient safety: A multi‐methods study
Authors: Quinn Martha , Horowitz Jennifer K , Krein Sarah L. , Gaston Angelique , Ullman Amanda , Chopra Vineet
Published: December 2023

Background

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and midline catheters are often placed by nurse‐led vascular access teams (VATs). While some data regarding the effectiveness of these teams exists, less is known about their structure and function.

Objectives

To examine the roles, functions, and composition of VATs related to the use and management of PICC and midline catheters.

Methods

A descriptive, multi‐method study that included an online survey of 62 hospitals participating in a quality improvement consortium and qualitative interviews with 74 hospital‐based clinicians in 10 sites. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a rapid analysis and matrix approach. The survey, which contained closed‐ended, categorical questions, was analyzed using frequencies and percentages.

Results

More than 77% (n = 48) of hospitals had an on‐site VAT. The average team size was seven nurses; their primary function was device insertion. Interview findings revealed that teams varied in characteristics and functions. Interviewees described the broad role that teams play in device insertion, care and removal, and in educating/training hospital staff. However, we found that teams' role in decision making, particularly related to appropriate device selection, was limited and, in some cases, met with physician resistance.

Conclusions

To realize the full benefit of VATs, changes in hospital culture, along with an increased willingness from physicians to integrate VAT nurses in decision making, may be needed. Future interventions aimed at engaging and empowering teams appear necessary.
PSO‐GA‐SVRmodel for S‐parameters of radio‐frequency power amplifier under different temperatures
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhou Shaohua
Published: December 2023

Support vector machine (SVR) has been introduced into the modeling of S‐parameters in radio‐frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PA). The modeling accuracy and speed of SVR are primarily affected by the penalty parametercand the kernel function coefficientγ. Using the traditional grid search technique to determine these two parameters is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, and ensuring the model's accuracy is not easy. This article proposes an S‐parameters modeling method based on PSO‐GA‐SVR to improve the SVR's modeling accuracy and speed. The model mainly focuses on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and combines selection, crossover, and mutation operations in genetic algorithms (GA). The fitness values are arranged from small to large in each iteration process, and the first 1/3 are selected for crossover and mutation. Then, the resulting new particle swarms are introduced into the original particle swarm population for searching. On the one hand, PSO‐GA extends the population size and reduces the possibility of falling into local optimization. On the other hand, due to population size expansion, the number of iteration rounds is reduced, and the modeling speed is also increased. The experimental results show that compared to SVR, GA‐SVR, and PSO‐SVR, the proposed PSO‐GA‐SVR can improve the modeling accuracy by more than one magnitude or more while also increasing modeling speed by one magnitude or more. Furthermore, compared with the classical machine learning algorithms such as gradient boosting, random forest, and gcForset, the proposed PSO‐GA‐SVR improves the modeling accuracy by one order of magnitude and the modeling speed by two orders of magnitude more than gradient boosting, random forest, and improves the modeling speed by one order of magnitude more than gcForset.
Effectiveness of strategies to suppress antibodies to infliximab in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jagt Jasmijn Z. , Holleman Koen W. , Benninga Marc A. , Van Limbergen Johan E. , de Boer Nanne K. H. , de Meij Tim G. J.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Antibodies to infliximab (ATIs) are associated with loss of response in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to describe the effectiveness of strategies for treatment modification following ATI development in pediatric IBD: (1) treatment escalation; and (2) switching to another anti‐TNF agent.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study included children with IBD (4–18 years) on infliximab. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) < 6 months and corticosteroid‐free remission following each strategy were evaluated for low ATI titers (≤30 AU/mL) and high ATI titers (>30 AU/mL).

Results

Anti‐infliximab antibodies were detected in 52/288 patients (18%) after a median of 15.3 months. Three of 52 ATI‐positive patients were excluded due to alternative treatments. Of the remaining 49 patients, 19 had low titers and 30 had high titers. Of 19 low‐ATIs, 16 (84%) underwent treatment escalation with infliximab (IFX). Of 13 patients with TDM available, seven (54%) achieved ATI suppression at subsequent TDM and 12 (92%) at any time point. Among 30 patients with high‐ATIs, 17 (57%) continued with IFX; immunomodulators were started in seven patients. Of 14 patients with TDM, seven (50%) achieved ATI suppression at subsequent TDM and 10 (71%) at any time point. At 24 months of follow‐up, 73% of low‐ATI patients and 50% of high‐ATI patients could continue with IFX without steroids. Thirteen of 30 high‐ATI patients (43%) switched to another anti‐TNF agent, of whom 54% and 46% had clinical response at 6 and 24 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Dose optimization and/or adding an immunomodulator seem effective in suppressing low ATI titers. This strategy could also be considered in high ATI titers before switching.
Effect of different oligomerization assemblies of γ‐conglutin on its interaction behavior with vitexin
Authors: Czubinski Jaroslaw , Dwiecki Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Several different factors underlie the molecular mechanisms of phenolic compound‐protein interactions. They include the environmental conditions. In the case of γ‐conglutin, pH conditions translate directly into the adoption of two distinct oligomeric assemblies, i.e. hexameric (pH 7.5) or monomeric (pH 4.5). This paper reports research on the pH‐dependent oligomerization of γ‐conglutin in terms of its ability to form complexes with a model flavonoid (vitexin).

RESULTS

Fluorescence‐quenching thermodynamic measurements indicate that hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, and van der Waals interactions are the main driving forces involved in the complex formation. The interaction turned out to be a spontaneous and exothermic process. Assessment of structural composition (secondary structure changes and arrangement/dynamics of aromatic amino acids), molecular size, and the thermal stability of the different oligomeric forms showed that γ‐conglutin in a monomeric state was less affected by vitexin during the interaction.

CONCLUSION

The data show precisely how environmental conditions might influence phenolic compound‐protein complex formation directly. This knowledge is essential for the preparation of food products containing γ‐conglutin. The results can contribute to a better understanding of the detailed fate of this unique health‐promoting lupin seed protein after its intake. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide
Authors: Sun Na , Sun DeGui , Wu Di , Guo Yinghui , Fan Yulong , Zou Fang , Pu Mingbo , Luo Xiangang
Published: December 2023

The electro‐optic (EO) modulator is a crucial device for achieving high‐speed optical communication and optical interconnection by loading the high‐frequency electrical signals onto the optical carrier. To date, modern communication technique demands for a low energy consumption for green data center establishment. In this work, a thin‐film BaTiO3 crystal waveguide Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) type EO intensity modulator is experimentally implemented and its dynamic‐polarization interference process involving a phase‐polarization modulation (PPM) scheme other than conventional optical phase modulation (OPM) is carefully analyzed. Its findings show that the PPM scheme can efficiently reduce the half‐wave voltage () and the equivalent half‐wave voltage () of the modulator. Then, a new theory of deriving the bit energy (BE) from is put forward, which has proven that the BE value under PPM is lower than the OPM counterpart. The EO modulator prototype featuring a length of 1.4 mm, = 3.0 V and BE = 1.2 pJ/bit match well with the numerical calculations, thus validating the feasibility to achieve a BE<0.2 pJ/bit for an EO modulator through optimization of the electrode gap and state‐of‐the‐art fabrication techniques in the near future.
Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Chen Guanrong , Hu Xin , Huang Yingchen , Xiang Xiaonan , Pan Sheng , Chen Ronggao , Xu Xiao
Published: December 2023

Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end‐stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia–reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
Pseudo‐solitonic magnetic flows associated with nonlinear integrable systems in the Minkowski 3‐space
Authors: Demirkol Rıdvan Cem
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of magnetic curves and call it pseudo‐solitonic magnetic curves by considering the connection between two significant types of integrable equations, that is, the nonlinear heat system/the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and moving space curves in the Minkowski 3‐space. Later, we construct a very special class of soliton surfaces and call it pseudo‐solitonic magnetic surfaces by considering the effects of the pseudo‐solitonic magnetic flows in the Minkowski 3‐space. These curves and surfaces are very useful since they not only contain geometric and physical features in their inner forms but also their constructions rely on a simple geometric procedure compared to other models.
FAP deficiency enhances thermogenesis and attenuates metabolic inflammation in diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Wu Yunyun , Li Yun , Sun Miao , Yu Fangliu , Liu Hui , Xu Jingyun , Tang Xingli
Published: December 2023

Objective

Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is expressed in normal adipose tissue and related to some pleiotropic metabolic regulators. However, the exact role and mechanism of FAP in obesity and related metabolic disorders are not well understood.

Methods

FAP knockout mice were fed a normal diet or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. FAP knockout mice or wild‐type mice treated with an FAP inhibitor were subjected to cold stress for 5 days.

Results

FAP deficiency protected mice against HFD‐induced obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, FAP deficiency largely reversed obesity‐induced adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M1‐M2 imbalance in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, energy expenditure was significantly higher in FAP‐deficient mice fed an HFD. Both FAP deficiency and inhibition increased cold tolerance through enhancing WAT beiging.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that FAP deficiency protects mice against diet‐induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the protective effects are probably mediated via the promotion of WAT beiging and suppression of inflammation.

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Extracting structured information from unstructured histopathology reports using generative pre‐trained transformer 4 (GPT‐4)
Authors: Truhn Daniel , Loeffler Chiara ML , Müller‐Franzes Gustav , Nebelung Sven , Hewitt Katherine J , Brandner Sebastian , Bressem Keno K , Foersch Sebastian , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: December 2023

Deep learning applied to whole‐slide histopathology images (WSIs) has the potential to enhance precision oncology and alleviate the workload of experts. However, developing these models necessitates large amounts of data with ground truth labels, which can be both time‐consuming and expensive to obtain. Pathology reports are typically unstructured or poorly structured texts, and efforts to implement structured reporting templates have been unsuccessful, as these efforts lead to perceived extra workload. In this study, we hypothesised that large language models (LLMs), such as the generative pre‐trained transformer 4 (GPT‐4), can extract structured data from unstructured plain language reports using a zero‐shot approach without requiring any re‐training. We tested this hypothesis by utilising GPT‐4 to extract information from histopathological reports, focusing on two extensive sets of pathology reports for colorectal cancer and glioblastoma. We found a high concordance between LLM‐generated structured data and human‐generated structured data. Consequently, LLMs could potentially be employed routinely to extract ground truth data for machine learning from unstructured pathology reports in the future. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Interfacial properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced biobased resin composites by single fiber fragmentation, fiber push‐out, and interlaminar shear strength
Authors: Weng Panpan , Prasad Vishnu , Rao Pavan S. , O'Dowd Noel , Murphy Neal , Ivankovic Alojz , Scarselli Gennaro
Published: December 2023

The present study examines the interfacial properties of carbon fiber biobased resin composites by comparing the test methods such as the single fiber fragmentation test, fiber push‐out test, and interlaminar shear strength test. The composites were fabricated using a cold vacuum‐assisted resin infusion method for the preparation of fiber push‐out and interlaminar shear test specimens. The interfacial adhesion from the three different test methods is analyzed and compared to determine their relative effectiveness in evaluating interfacial adhesion. Plasma treatment is performed on the carbon fibers and the interfacial shear stress is evaluated by conducting the push‐out test. The surface characterization of the carbon fibers is done by scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the influence of the plasma treatment on the fiber surface. Plasma treatment resulted in significant improvement in the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix.

Highlights

Analysis and comparison of interfacial adhesion by several test methods.

Single fiber fragmentation and push‐out tests with IFSS of 40.5 and 42.2 MPa.

Plasma surface treatment improved the IFSS by 88.1%.

Surface characterization of treated and untreated fibers by SEM and XPS.
Combined histological and DNA methylome profiling approaches may provide insights into the pathophysiology of ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Maekawa Ryo , Ota Yoshiaki , Ota Ikuko , Mihara Yumiko , Takasaki Hitomi , Sato Shun , Tamura Isao , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Shinagawa Masahiro , Fujimura Taishi , Shiroshita Amon , Yoneda Toshihide , Kawamoto‐Jozaki Mai , Matsui Fuka , Taketani Toshiaki , Sugino Norihiro
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To test the theory that invaginated ovarian surface epithelium and endometrial implants on the ovary form ovarian endometriomas.

Methods

Adhesion sites of ovarian endometrioma on the peritoneum and consecutive ovarian endometrioma cyst wall, called non‐adhesion sites, were histologically examined. DNA methylomes of the adhesion sites, non‐adhesion sites, and blueberry spots were compared with those of ovary, endometrium, and peritoneum.

Results

The non‐adhesion sites showed an ovarian surface epithelium‐like structure near the adhesion site, which continued to a columnar epithelium‐like structure. Calretinin staining was strong in the ovarian surface epithelium‐like structure but weak in the columnar epithelium‐like structure. Estrogen receptors were absent in the ovarian surface epithelium‐like structure, but present in the columnar epithelium‐like structure. The adhesion sites had endometrial gland‐like structures that expressed estrogen receptors. Analyses of DNA methylomes classified the non‐adhesion sites and ovaries into the same group, suggesting that ovarian endometriomas originate from the ovarian surface epithelium. The adhesion sites, blueberry spots and peritoneum were classified in the same group, suggesting that the adhesion sites and blueberry spots originate from the peritoneum.

Conclusions

The present results support the invagination theory. Ovarian endometriomas consist of invaginated ovarian surface epithelium with celomic metaplasia and endometrium implants on the peritoneum.
Analysis of the yearly transition function in measles disease modeling
Authors: Davila‐Payan C. S. , Hill A. , Kayembe L. , Alexander J. P. , Lynch M. , Pallas S. W.
Published: December 2023

Globally, there were an estimated 9.8 million measles cases and 207 500 measles deaths in 2019. As the effort to eliminate measles around the world continues, modeling remains a valuable tool for public health decision‐makers and program implementers. This study presents a novel approach to the use of a yearly transition function that formulates mathematically the vaccine schedules for different age groups while accounting for the effects of the age of vaccination, the timing of vaccination, and disease seasonality on the yearly number of measles cases in a country. The methodology presented adds to an existing modeling framework and expands its analysis, making its utilization more adjustable for the user and contributing to its conceptual clarity. This article also adjusts for the temporal interaction between vaccination and exposure to disease, applying adjustments to estimated yearly counts of cases and the number of vaccines administered that increase population immunity. These new model features provide the ability to forecast and compare the effects of different vaccination timing scenarios and seasonality of transmission on the expected disease incidence. Although the work presented is applied to the example of measles, it has potential relevance to modeling other vaccine‐preventable diseases.
A Review on Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Transition Metal Oxides and their Potent Application as Supercapacitors
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Parashar Pragati , Ghosh Debasree , Yadav Deepika , Rawat Pooja , Majumder Sudip
Published: December 2023

Preparation of transition metal oxides and mixed metal oxides via a microwave‐assisted method that permits processes to be completed in a quicker reaction time with the formation of homogenous and well‐dispersed nanoparticles. Recently, due to the environmentally friendly nature of this technique, it has become an important approach to green chemistry. The major advantage of microwave‐assisted synthesis includes clean, fast, efficient, less time‐consuming, highly accelerated rate, high yield, and an economic method. In this review, we have discussed the process of microwave synthesis and also compared this with other synthetic methods. A discussion of transition metal oxides in groups was performed where we have discussed their synthetic route and reaction conditions along with the effect on morphology and other properties. Additionally, the application of transition metal oxides as supercapacitors was also discussed. Since then, researchers have gained a lot of interest in transition metal oxides as energy storage devices due to their low‐cost, energy efficient, long cycle life, and improved electrical, thermal, and chemical stability, variable oxidation states and excellent redox properties. However, they cannot meet the need for high‐performance energy devices due to their low conductivity.
NH4+ Pre‐Intercalation and Mo Doping VS2 to Regulate Nanostructure and Electronic Properties for High Efficiency Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Enzhi , Wang Mingshan , Hu Xi , Huang Siming , Yang Zhenliang , Chen Junchen , Yu Bo , Guo Bingshu , Ma Zhiyuan , Huang Yun , Cao Guozhong , Li Xing
Published: December 2023

Sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have attracted much attention due to integrating the high energy density of battery and high out power of supercapacitors. However, rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics in cathode is counterbalanced with sluggish anode, hindering the further advancement and commercialization of SIHCs. Here, aiming at conversion‐type metal sulfide anode, taking typical VS2 as an example, a comprehensive regulation of nanostructure and electronic properties through NH4+ pre‐intercalation and Mo‐doping VS2 (Mo‐NVS2) is reported. It is demonstrated that NH4+ pre‐intercalation can enlarge the interplanar spacing and Mo‐doping can induce interlayer defects and sulfur vacancies that are favorable to construct new ion transport channels, thus resulting in significantly enhanced Na+ diffusion kinetics and pseudocapacitance. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the introduction of NH4+ and Mo‐doping enhances the electronic conductivity, lowers the diffusion energy barrier of Na+, and produces stronger d‐p hybridization to promote conversion kinetics of Na+ intercalation intermediates. Consequently, Mo‐NVS2 delivers a record‐high reversible capacity of 453 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 and an ultra‐stable cycle life of over 20 000 cycles. The assembled SIHCs achieve impressive energy density/power density of 98 Wh kg−1/11.84 kW kg−1, ultralong cycling life of over 15000 cycles, and very low self‐discharge rate (0.84 mV h−1).
Nano‐omics: Frontier fields of fusion of nanotechnology
Authors: Wang Xuan , Xu Weichen , Li Jun , Shi Chen , Guo Yuanyuan , Shan Jinjun , Qi Ruogu
Published: December 2023

Nanotechnology, an emerging force, has infiltrated diverse domains like biomedical, materials, and environmental sciences. Nano‐omics, an emerging fusion, combines nanotechnology with omics, boasting amplified sensitivity and resolution. This review introduces nanotechnology basics, surveys its recent strides in nano‐omics, deliberates present challenges, and envisions future growth.
Engineering Supramolecular Hybrid Architectures with Directional Organofluorine Bonds
Authors: Kotei Patience A. , Paley Daniel W. , Oklejas Vanessa , Mittan-Moreau David W. , Schriber Elyse A. , Aleksich Mariya , Willson Maggie C. , Inoue Ichiro , Owada Shigeki , Tono Kensuke , Sugahara Michihiro , Inaba-Inoue Satomi , Aquila Andrew , Poitevin Frédéric , Blaschke Johannes P. , Lisova Stella , Hunter Mark S. , Sierra Raymond G. , Gascón José A. , Sauter Nicholas K. , Brewster Aaron S. , Hohman James Nathan
Published: December 2023

Understanding how chemical modifications alter the atomic‐scale organization of materials is of fundamental importance in materials engineering and the target of considerable efforts in computational prediction. Incorporating covalent and noncovalent interactions in designing crystals while “piggybacking” on the driving force of molecular self‐assembly has augmented efforts to understand the emergence of complex structures using directed synthesis. In this work, microcrystalline powders of the silver 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐fluorobenzenethiolates are prepared and their structures are resolved by small‐molecule serial femtosecond X‐ray crystallography. These three compounds enable the emergence and role of supramolecular synthons in the crystal structures of 3D metal‐organic chalcogenolates to be examined. The unique divergence in their optoelectronic, morphological, and structural behaviors is assessed. The extent of CHF interactions and their influence on the structure and the observed trends in the thermal stability of the crystals are quantified through theoretical calculations and thermogravimetric analysis.
Revolutionizing Lens Technology: Chitosan and Starch in Next‐Gen Ophthalmic Lenses
Authors: Aljibori Hakim S. , Shaker Lina M. , Alamiery Ahmed A. , Al‐Azzawi Waleed K.
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive review explores the transformative impact of chitosan and starch in advancing ophthalmic lens technology. Derived from chitin, chitosan and starch‐based materials stand out for their exceptional biocompatibility, moisture retention, and optical clarity. The synergy between these biopolymers has unlocked new frontiers in lens design and coatings, promising elevated performance. The article scrutinizes their multifaceted applications, ranging from innovative lens materials to advanced coatings, while emphasizing their regulatory approvals and commitment to environmental sustainability. Chitosan and starch emerge as vanguards, ushering in a future marked by enhanced wearer comfort, optical clarity, and ecological responsibility. This review encapsulates their paramount significance, current applications, and exciting potential, portraying them as pioneers in shaping the next generation of state‐of‐the‐art ophthalmic lenses.
Effects of ku‐oketsu and seinetsu Kampo medicines on rosacea‐like skin symptoms induced by steroid in mice
Authors: Watanabe Natsu , Matsunaga Wataru , Gotoh Akinobu
Published: December 2023

Aim

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by consistent erythema, papules, pustules, telangiectasias, and recurrent hot flashes, mainly on the cheeks, nose, and forehead. Many palliative treatment options are available for this condition; currently, no radical treatment option is available. However, improvement has been observed in some cases after the use of Kampo medicine. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of Jumi‐Haidokuto (JHT) and a mixture of Keishi‐Bukuryo‐gan‐ka‐Yokuinin (KBY) and JHT on steroid‐induced rosacea in mice.

Methods

Clobetasol propionate ointment was applied to the mice for 10 days and then the mice were provided food mixed with JHT and JHT + KBY for 28 days. Subsequently, the average velocity of capillary flow, area of the purpura, histopathologic features, and fecal metabolome were investigated.

Results

Recovery of the capillary flow velocity, reduction in the area of purpura, and restoration of the epidermal features were observed in JHT‐ and JHT + KBY‐fed mice. The improvement in circulatory disturbances observed after JHT and JHT + KBY administration might have contributed to the reduction in telangiectasias and erythema. Recovery of the skin barrier system by both Kampo medicine might be the key factor of ameliorating rosacea‐like symptoms.
Identification of a new Rsg1 allele conferring resistance to multiple greenbug biotypes from barley accessions PI 499276 and PI 566459
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Mornhinweg Dolores , Bai Guihua , Li Genqiao , Bian Ruolin , Bernardo Amy , Armstrong J. Scott
Published: December 2023

Greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is a major insect pest that significantly affects barley production worldwide. The identification of novel greenbug resistance genes is crucial for sustainable barley production and global food security. To identify greenbug resistance genes from a US breeding line PI 499276 and a Chinese cultivar PI 566459, two F6:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed from crosses Weskan × PI 499276 and Weskan × PI 566459 were phenotyped for responses to greenbug biotype E and genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). Linkage analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism and kompetitive allele‐specific polymorphism (KASP) markers delimited the greenbug resistance genes from PI 499276 and PI 566459 to a 1.2 Mb genomic region between 666.5 and 667.7 Mb on the long arm of chromosome 3H in the Morex Hordeum vulgare r1 reference sequence. Allelism tests based on responses of four F2 populations to greenbug biotype E indicated that the greenbug resistance gene in PI 499276 and PI 566459 is either allelic or very close to Rsg1. Given that PI 499276 and PI 566459 shared the same unique resistance pattern to a set of 14 greenbug biotypes, which is different from those of other Rsg1 alleles, they carry a new Rsg1 allele. The greenbug resistance genes in Post 90, PI 499276/PI 566459, and WBDC 336 were designated as Rsg1.a1, Rsg1.a2, and Rsg1.a3, respectively. KASP markers KASP‐Rsg1a3‐1, KASP‐Rsg1a3‐2, and KASP160 can be used to tag Rsg1.a2 in barley breeding.
Identification of diagnostic KASP‐SNP markers for routine breeding activities in yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Agre Paterne A. , Clark Lindsay V. , Garcia‐Oliveira Ana Luisa , Bohar Rajaguru , Adebola Patrick , Asiedu Robert , Terauchi Ryohei , Asfaw Asrat
Published: December 2023

Maintaining genetic purity and true‐to‐type clone identification are important action steps in breeding programs. This study aimed to develop a universal set of kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP)‐based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for routine breeding activities. Ultra‐low‐density SNP markers were created using an initial set of 173,675 SNPs that were obtained from whole‐genome resequencing of 333 diverse white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) genotypes. From whole‐genome resequencing data, 99 putative SNP markers were found and successfully converted to high‐throughput KASP genotyping assays. The markers set was validated on 374 genotypes representing six yam species. Out of the 99 markers, 50 were highly polymorphic across the species and could distinguish different yam species and pedigree origins. The selected SNP markers classified the validation population based on the different yam species and identified potential duplicates within yam species. Through penalized analysis, the male parent of progenies involved in polycrosses was successfully predicted and validated. Our research was a trailblazer in validating KASP‐based SNP assays for species identification, parental fingerprinting, and quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in yam breeding programs.
Polyvinyl alcohol‐based fiber membranes with high strength and ultraviolet shielding properties for enhancing the shelf life of grapes
Authors: Gao Keying , Li Xinmei , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Rui
Published: December 2023

Currently, the rising environmental concerns caused by nonbiodegradable food packaging materials have promoted the research and development of biodegradable alternatives. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the substrate, and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were blended and modified with PVA, respectively. Based on the electrostatic spinning technology to prepare fiber membranes with high strength and UV blocking properties for grapes preservation. The study indicated that the tensile strength of PVA fiber membranes increased by 243% and 209% when ZnONPs and TiO2NPs were added at 1%, respectively. Under UV radiation, the PVA/ZnO composite membranes exhibited superior UV absorption than the PVA/TiO2 composite membranes. After conducting TG tests, it was found that the addition of ZnONPs decreased the thermal stability of the fiber membranes, while TiO2NPs could improve the thermal stability. Both composite membranes could extend grapes' shelf life, but the PVA/ZnO composite membranes were more effective at maintaining freshness than the PVA/TiO2 composite membranes.
Hydrothermal aging of glass fiber epoxy‐carbon nanocomposites and its service life predictions based on tensile strength
Authors: B M Madhu , Aradhya Rashmi , J. Sundara Rajan
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the hydrothermal aging of pultruded glass‐fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposite rods with carbon nanofillers. The nanocomposites developed in this study are proposed for the core of high‐tension low‐sag conductors in power transmission. Nanocomposites were fabricated with a nanomodified matrix containing 0.2 wt.% of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and 0.6 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets. The epoxy nanocomposites tensile strength and life predictions were determined under different water aging conditions. Objective of the study is to evaluate the water absorption kinetics and its impact on tensile strength, microstructure and to compute the service life under hydrothermal aging by predictive techniques. Nanocomposites were aged in water at 30, 50, and 80°C for a duration of 3000 h, and the microstructure and chemical composition were investigated. Based on Arrhenius's theory, a service life prediction model based on the tensile‐strength of the nanocomposite is established for hydrothermal aging. The results have shown that the addition of carbon nanofillers to the epoxy matrix improves the hydrophobicity and reduces the water diffusion coefficient. Water absorptions of the nanocomposites are observed to follow Fick's law, and its influence on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite is evident and is more significant in epoxy composites without carbon nanofillers. After 3000 h of immersion at 50 and 80°C, the tensile strength retention is above 85%. The hydrothermal environment accelerates the development of micro‐voids and cracks, which are initially formed and observed to be the primary reason for the degradation in mechanical strength under service conditions, in addition to debonding of the fibers.

Highlights

Carbon nanocomposites were aged at different temperatures and durations.

Service life prediction model established based on Arrhenius's theory.

Addition of carbon nanofillers enhances hydrophobicity and reduces water diffusion.

Tensile strength retention above 85% after 3000 h of aging.

Hydrothermal aging accelerates aging contributing to strength degradation.