bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis ofN-heterocycles from diaminesviaH2-driven NADPH recycling in the presence of O2
Authors: Al-Shameri Ammar , Borlinghaus Niels , Weinmann Leonie , Scheller Philipp N. , Nestl Bettina M. , Lauterbach Lars
Published: January 2019

We designed a novel H2-driven cascade for the biosynthesis ofN-heterocycles.
Neon plasma for effective ionisation of oxygen and fluorine in pulsed glow discharge – high ionisation energy elements' quantification in potassium titanyl phosphate single crystals
Authors: Ganeev Alexander , Gubal Anna , Chuchina Victoria , Lyalkin Yegor , Glumov Oleg , Yakobson Viktor , Solovyev Nikolay
Published: January 2019

Neon plasma significantly benefited the determination of high ionisation energy elements in dielectric crystals by pulsed GD MS.
Isotope dilution analysis of yttrium with labelled oxygen gas by dynamic reaction cell-ICP-MS: universal isotope dilution analysis
Authors: Narukawa T. , Shikino O. , Chiba K.
Published: January 2019

A new ID analytical method using a labelled reaction gas in ICP-DRC-MS was investigated and the theoretical basis for the universal ID method was developed.
Latchable microfluidic valve arrays based on shape memory polymer actuators
Authors: Aksoy Bekir , Besse Nadine , Boom Robert Jan , Hoogenberg Bas-Jan , Blom Marko , Shea Herbert
Published: January 2019

Latchable microfluidic valve arrays taking advantage of the shape memory polymer's multiple stable shapes and large change in stiffness for a small temperature variation.
PEG-based cross-linked films with aligned channels: combining cryogenic processing and photopolymerization for the design of micro-patterned oriented platforms
Authors: Cativa Nancy M. , Alvarez Cerimedo M. Soledad , Puig Julieta , Arenas Gustavo F. , Trabadelo Fernando , Ayude M. Alejandra , Zensich Maximiliano A. , Morales Gustavo M. , Schroeder Walter F. , Romeo Hernán E. , Hoppe Cristina E.
Published: January 2019

Liquid flow along single channels occurs on micro-patterned polymeric platforms prepared by directional freezing and photopolymerization.
Abnormal concentrations of Cu–Co inHaumaniastrum katangense,Haumaniastrum robertiiandAeolanthus biformifolius: contamination or hyperaccumulation?
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Malaisse François , Erskine Peter D , Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz Jolanta , Przybyłowicz Wojciech J , Barnabas Alban D , Sośnicka Marta , Harris Hugh H
Published: January 2019

The Central African Copperbelt of the DR Congo and Zambia hosts more than 30 known Cu–Co hyperaccumulator plant species. These plants can accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Cu and Co in their living tissues without showing any signs of toxicity. Haumaniastrum robertii is the most extreme Co hyperaccumulator (able to accumulate up to 1 wt% Co), whereas Aeolanthus biformifolius is the most extreme Cu hyperaccumulator (with up to 1 wt% Cu). The phenomenon of Cu–Co hyperaccumulator plants was studied intensively in the 1970s through to the 1990s, but doubts arose regarding earlier observations due to surficial contamination of plant material with mineral particles. This study set out to determine whether such extraneous contamination could be observed on herbarium specimens of Haumaniastrum robertii and Aeolanthus biformifolius using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Further, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to identify the chemical forms of Cu and Co in newly collected Haumaniastrum katangense plant material from the DR Congo. The results show that surficial contamination is not the cause for abnormal Cu–Co concentrations in the plant material, but rather that Cu–Co enrichment is endogenous. The chemical form of Cu and Co (complexation with carboxylic acids) provides additional evidence that genuine hyperaccumulation, and not soil mineral contamination, is responsible for extreme tissue concentrations of Cu and Co in Haumaniastrum katangense.
The influence of Si4+ co-doping on the spectroscopic properties of β-NaCaPO4:Eu2+/Eu3+
Authors: Górecka N. , Szczodrowski K. , Lazarowska A. , Grinberg M.
Published: January 2019

A series of luminescent materials based on a sodium calcium phosphate matrix doped with europium and different concentrations of silicon ions was synthesized using the Pechini method.
Bifunctional photo- and vapochromic behaviors of a novel porous zwitterionic metal–organic framework
Authors: Li Li , Hua Yang , Guo Yu , Wang Hai-Yu , Li Xiao-Nan , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2019

A novel porous zwitterionic metal–organic framework shows photo- and vapochromic behaviors with high sensitivity for sensing NH3, ethylamine, and n-propylamine.
A PW12/Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst for enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Yuzhuo , Xu Lin , Xu Bingbing , Li Fengyan
Published: January 2019

Bi2WO6 and polyoxometalate nanocomposites exhibited superior photocatalytic performance for degradation of organic dye rhodamine B under visible light.
Synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liang Kehan , Wang Wenjing , Yu Yifeng , Liu Lei , Lv Haijun , Zhang Yue , Chen Aibing
Published: January 2019

A simple strategy to improve electrochemical performance is by in situ polymerization of monomers in a template.
Exciton-enhanced infrared spectroscopy with organometallic perovskite nanoplatelets
Authors: Wei Xiao-Lan , Gao Xiao-Li , Chen Jia , Mo Zhi-Hong
Published: January 2019

Organometallic perovskite nanoplatelets enhance molecular infrared absorption as their excitons can be excited by infrared photons and amplify molecular polarization.
Making Prussian blue analogues nanoparticles luminescent: effect of the luminophore confinement over the properties
Authors: Mamontova Ekaterina , Long Jérôme , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Botas Alexandre M. P. , Salles Fabrice , Guari Yannick , Carlos Luis D. , Larionova Joulia
Published: January 2019

We report the post-synthetic functionalization of K+/Ni2+/[Cr(CN)6]3− prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanoparticles by the 2-aminoanthracene luminophore to yield a bifunctional magneto-luminescent nanosystem.
Facile fabrication of Ce-decorated composition-tunable Ce@ZnCo2O4 core–shell microspheres for enhanced catalytic propane combustion
Authors: Zhang Yangyu , Tan Zhenni , Wang Xiuyun , Zhan Yingying , Xiao Yihong , Au Chaktong , Jiang Lilong
Published: January 2019

The design of heterogeneous catalysts of high efficiency for complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a challenge.
Characterization of the flavin monooxygenase involved in biosynthesis of the antimalarial FR-900098
Authors: Nguyen Kim , DeSieno Matthew A. , Bae Brian , Johannes Tyler W. , Cobb Ryan E. , Zhao Huimin , Nair Satish K.
Published: January 2019

An amine hydroxylase catalyzes a latter step in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial FR900098.
Chemiluminescence molecular probe with a linear chain reaction amplification mechanism
Authors: Gnaim Samer , Shabat Doron
Published: January 2019

A new signal amplification probe with a linear chain reaction amplification mechanism and distinct chemiluminescence output was developed.
Partially bio-based aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s bearing pendant furyl groups: synthesis, characterization and thermo-reversible cross-linking with a bismaleimide
Authors: Nagane Samadhan S. , Kuhire Sachin S. , Mane Shivshankar R. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P.
Published: January 2019

A fully bio-based bisphenol, namely, 4,4′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) was synthesized and its utility for synthesis of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s bearing clickable pendant furyl groups was demonstrated.
Metal-free tandem reaction synthesis of spiro-cyclopropyl fused pyrazolin-5-one derivatives
Authors: Liu Man , Liu Chen-Fei , Zhang Jing , Xu Yan-Jun , Dong Lin
Published: January 2019

A highly efficient cascade annulation approach was developed for the synthesis of novel spiro-cyclopropyl fused pyrazolin-5-ones from pyrazole-3-ketone substrates and two-component sulfur ylides in an acidic environment.
Film formation from plasma-enabled surface-catalyzed dehalogenative coupling of a small organic molecule
Authors: Hartl Hugo , Guo Yanru , Ostrikov Ken , Xian Yubin , Zheng Jie , Li Xingguo , Fairfull-Smith Kathryn E. , MacLeod Jennifer
Published: January 2019

New surface coating pathway by plasma-enabled surface-catalyzed reaction, offering control of surface chemistry, wettability and roughness.
Environmental separation and enrichment of gold and palladium ions by amino-modified three-dimensional graphene
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Shaoxia , Wang Feng , Wu Xuran , Zhuang Xuming
Published: January 2019

The excellent adsorption properties of three-dimensional graphene (3DG) can be further enhanced by triethylenetetramine modification to increase its adsorption capacity for precious metal ions.
Comparative genome mining and heterologous expression of an orphan NRPS gene cluster direct the production of ashimides
Authors: Shi Jing , Zeng Ying Jie , Zhang Bo , Shao Fen Li , Chen Yan Chi , Xu Xiang , Sun Yang , Xu Qiang , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming
Published: January 2019

Genome mining and heterologous expression of an orphan cluster led to the discovery of ashimides featuring an unusual cyclization mechanism.
Preparing CdS QDs in sodium alginate gel: realizing water solubility and stimuli responsiveness of QDs in an integrative way
Authors: Qi Na , Zhao Hui , Wang Qiaozhi , Qin Yan , Yuan Hao , Li Ying
Published: January 2019

Water-soluble CdS QDs having stimuli responsiveness were prepared in a sodium alginate gel through a two-step gelation process.
Benzyne-mediated trichloromethylation of chiral oxazolines
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhao Weizhao , Chen De-Li , Zhan Yaling , Zeng Tingting , Jin Huiquan , Peng Bo
Published: January 2019

A three-component reaction between benzyne, oxazolines and chloroform was developed for the synthesis of trichloromethylated chiral oxazolidines.
Correction: an organic cathode with high capacities for fast-charge potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Tang Mi , Wu Yanchao , Chen Yuan , Jiang Cheng , Zhu Shaolong , Zhuo Shuming , Wang Chengliang
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘An organic cathode with high capacities for fast-charge potassium-ion batteries’ by Mi Tang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 486–492.
Correction: Pitaya-like microspheres derived from Prussian blue analogues as ultralong-life anodes for lithium storage
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Chen Tao , Zhu Guoyin , Hu Yi , Lu Hongling , Chen Renpeng , Liang Jia , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong , Liu Jie
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Pitaya-like microspheres derived from Prussian blue analogues as ultralong-life anodes for lithium storage’ by Lianbo Ma et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 15041–15048.
CMOS fully integrated quasi‐circulator with self‐interference cancellation technique
Authors: da Fonseca A.L.T.B. , Cabrera F.L. , de Sousa F.R.
Published: January 2019

In this Letter, the authors propose a novel fully integrable architecture for a quasi‐circulator. It is comprised of an inductorless and wideband structure and off‐chip components are not required. This solution is appropriate for use in backscattering systems, such as RFID‐tag readers. The proposed quasi‐circulator differs from passive off‐chip circulators because the power amplifier is embedded and the terminals have non‐standard impedances. Thus, they propose a leakage figure as a figure‐of‐merit, which is related to the isolation of conventional circulators. The structure described herein is applied to a wireless power transfer system with an output power of 25 dBm at 990 MHz.
Optical camera communication system for Internet of Things based on organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Chavez‐Burbano P. , Vitek S. , Teli S.R. , Guerra V. , Rabadan J. , Perez‐Jimenez R. , Zvanovec S.
Published: January 2019

The inclusion of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in high‐end devices, such as TVs and smart‐phones, along with the insertion of cameras embedded in daily use devices, provides the opportunity to establish optical camera communication (OCC) systems based on OLED emitters for Internet of Things (IoT). This Letter presents an experimental demonstration of this OLED‐based OCC system for IoT. The results suggest that despite the low emitted power of OLED devices, long range links can be established based on OCC. One outdoor and two indoor scenarios are tested, validating BER below for short range and give just for long range links.
E‐band thulium doped fibre amplifier
Authors: Aozasa S. , Yamada M.
Published: January 2019

The authors realised the first E‐band thulium‐doped fibre (TDF) amplifier, which includes a three‐stage configuration fluoride‐based TDF and two filters suppressing amplified spontaneous emission in the S‐band.
Systemic design of an NARR for hemiplegic survivors
Authors: Wang Chunbao , Sun Zhengdi , Wei Jianjun , Xia Jinfeng , Duan Lihong , Cai Wenwei , Liu Quanquan , Long Jianjun , Wang Yulong
Published: January 2019

A large number of hemiplegic patients have motor dysfunction. Ankle joint plays a vital role in walking behaviours and needs rehabilitative training for the stroke survivors. However, existed rehabilitative interventions have limited effects to restore individual normal motor ability. This paper presents a novel ankle rehabilitation robot (NARR) to mimic the practical skills of the professional physiotherapist. The proposed robot consists of two symmetric mechanisms, which allows stroke survivor execute ankle rehabilitation exercise based on the individual difference. The kinematics of the NARR is calculated, and theoretically verifies the reachability of the angle range of ankle joint from the workspace. The speed response of the robotic joint in the NARR is tuned, and then, three ankle training modes – passive training, active training, and fusion training – with the NARR are developed. The experiments demonstrate that the patient can move his/her affected ankle to the set angle range in the passive training mode, and exercise the muscle power in the active training mode with the assistance from the NARR. In the fusion training mode, the hemiplegic patient can mirror exercise his/her affected ankle by collecting the ankle motion information from the corresponding sound ankle. The experimental results indicate that the NARR is capable of ankle rehabilitation.
Expressive capacity of subregular expressions
Authors: Kutrib Martin , Wendlandt Matthias
Published: January 2019

Different types of subregular expressions are studied. Each type is obtained by either omitting one of the regular operations or replacing it by complementation or intersection. For uniformity and in order to allow non-trivial languages to be expressed, the set of literals is a finite set of words instead of letters. The power and limitations as well as relations with each other are considered, which is often done in terms of unary languages. Characterizations of some of the language families are obtained. A finite hierarchy is shown that reveals that the operation complementation is generally stronger than intersection. Furthermore, we investigate the closures of language families described by regular expressions with omitted operation under that operation. While it is known that in case of union this closure captures all regular languages, for the cases of concatenation and star incomparability results are obtained with the corresponding language families where the operation is replaced by complementation.
Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei Pflegenden
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike
Published: January 2019

Pflegende hören häufig viel Leid von traumatisierten Patienten und sind von deren
Schicksal sehr berührt. Dass das oftmals tiefe Narben in ihrer eigenen Psyche
hinterlässt und sie dadurch indirekt traumatisiert werden, wird weitgehend
ignoriert. Woran eine sekundäre Traumatisierung zu erkennen ist und welche
präventiven Ansätze es gibt, erläutert unsere Autorin.
Kaltplasma zur Behandlung therapierefraktärer Hornhautulzera
Authors: Reitberger Helena , Martines Emilio , Mohr Andreas , Chow Catherine , Fuchsluger Thomas
Published: January 2019

Hintergrund Die Integrität der Augenoberfläche und die Transparenz der Hornhaut als „Fenster des Auges“ sind Voraussetzungen für die Erzielung einer sehr guten Sehkraft, einem Körpersinn mit zentraler Bedeutung für Lebensqualität und für soziale oder berufliche Teilnahme am gesellschaftlichen Umfeld. Die Homöostase an der Augenoberfläche ist ständig durch Mikroben und durch intrinsische Faktoren mit negativen Auswirkungen auf die Wundheilung bedroht (z. B. metabolische Störungen wie Diabetes mellitus). Zudem stellt die weite Verbreitung von Kontaktlinsen ein beachtliches Risiko für mikrobielle Infektionen durch mangelnde Hygiene dar. In fortgeschrittenen Stadien können Keratitiden mit kornealen Defekten einhergehen und durch assoziierten Stromaverlust zur Perforation der Hornhaut führen. Gegenwärtige Behandlungsansätze beinhalten topische und systemische Anwendungen von Antibiotika oder Antimykotika und bedürfen in schwereren Fällen der stationären Behandlung.

Patienten/Material und Methoden Manche Mikroben können therapierefraktär oder -resistent sein und daher eine Verschlechterung des klinischen Befunds verursachen. In der vorgelegten Untersuchung wurden der Effekt von Kaltplasma hinsichtlich der Reduktion der Erregerlast in vitro, im Gewebe ex vivo sowie bei einem therapierefraktären Ulkus untersucht. Kaltplasma ist elektrisch ionisiertes Gas, das grundsätzlich zur Oxidation und Entkeimung von Luft, Oberflächen, OP-Instrumenten oder Geweben eingesetzt wird. In der Natur unter anderem von Blitzen und Polarlichtern vorkommend, sind künstlich hergestellte Plasmen von Neonröhren und dem Schweißen bekannt.

Ergebnisse In vitro, ex vivo sowie bei der Behandlung eines therapierefraktären Hornhautgeschwürs konnte die Reduktion der Erregerlast bzw. eine Besserung des klinischen Befunds gezeigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Plasmamedizin und ihre desinfizierenden Eigenschaften können neue Ansätze in der Behandlung mikrobieller Hornhautinfektionen eröffnen. Dies kann zu einer Verkürzung der Behandlungszeit, zu einer schnelleren Erholung des Patienten sowie insgesamt zu einer Senkung der Kosten für Gesundheitssysteme führen.
Eine Gruppenintervention zur Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit
für Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Broemer Laura , Esser Peter , Koranyi Susan , Friedrich Michael , Leuteritz Katja , Wiegand Susanne , Dietz Andreas , Boehm Andreas , Pabst Friedemann , Strauß Bernhard M. , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Mehnert Anja
Published: January 2019

Einleitung Trotz hoher Belastung nimmt ein Großteil der Patienten mit
Kopf-Hals-Tumoren keine psychosoziale Versorgung in Anspruch. Diese Patienten
haben darüber hinaus ein höheres Risiko als andere Krebspatienten, nicht wieder
in den Beruf zurückzukehren. Daher wurde eine Gruppenintervention entwickelt,
die sich an Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren richtet und deren Arbeitsfähigkeit,
Lebensqualität, Selbstwirksamkeit und psychisches Wohlbefinden fördern soll.

Material und Methoden In einem randomisiert-kontrollierten Design erhalten
die Patienten eine Gruppenintervention oder eine sozialrechtliche Beratung.
Eingeschlossen werden männliche Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren mit hoher
psychischer und arbeitsbezogener Belastung. Die Gruppenintervention besteht aus
acht Sitzungen. Die Gruppen werden von einer Psychotherapeutin und einem ehemals
Betroffenen eines Kopf-Hals-Tumors (sogenannter Peer) geleitet. Die
Umsetzbarkeit und Akzeptanz der Intervention wurde anhand einer Pilotgruppe
getestet. Die Teilnehmer der Pilotgruppe evaluierten jede Sitzung und wurden
nach Abschluss der Intervention in halbstrukturierten Interviews zur
Intervention befragt.

Ergebnisse Von 113 Patienten persönlich angesprochenen Patienten nahmen
zehn Patienten an einem Screening-Gespräch teil. Davon nahmen vier Patienten an
der Pilotgruppe teil. Die Patienten gaben an, dass sich die Gruppenintervention
gut mit ihrem Alltag vereinbaren ließe und dass sie die Gruppe insgesamt positiv
wahrgenommen hätten. Drei Patienten betonten die Wichtigkeit des Peers.

Diskussion Vor allem der Peers als Identifikationsfigur ist von zentraler
Bedeutung. Zur Verbesserung der Rekrutierungszahlen sollen Einschlusskriterien
erweitert und der Teilnahmeaufwand reduziert werden.
GlucoSiFA and LactoSiFA: New Types of Carbohydrate-Tagged Silicon-Based Fluoride Acceptors for 18F-Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Authors: Wiegand Anja , Wiese Vera , Glowacki Britta , Iovkova Ljuba , Schirrmacher Ralf , Jurkschat Klaus , Krause Norbert
Published: January 2019

GlucoSiFA derivatives bearing an azide or alkynyl side chain were obtained from peracetyl-d-glucose using as key step a tosylate substitution by a SiFA thiolate obtained from 4-(di-tert-butylfluorsilyl)benzenethiol. In analogy, two-fold SiFA-substituted maltose and lactose derivatives were synthesized via bistosylates. Introduction of an ­acetal-protecting group in β-d-azidolactose allowed the synthesis of a LactoSiFA derivative bearing only one SiFA moiety.
Associations between Maternal AFP and β-HCG and Preterm Birth
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Ying , Kuang Hualong , Yang Rui , Chen Daozhen , Chen Ailing , Feng Yaling , Dai Jianrong , Wang Ting , Wang Yun
Published: January 2019

Objective Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health problem. We aimed to explore whether alpha fetal protein (AFP) or β-human gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels during pregnancy were associated with PTB in Chinese population.

Study Design The clinical data collected Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital and Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 64,999 pregnant women were registered. In addition, 13,828 pregnant women were collected serum from the second trimester. The maternal serum AFP and β-HCG were measured by enzyme immunoassay.

Results In our study, the rate of PTB is 6.23%. With each unit increase of maternal AFP concentration, the adjusted odds of PTB was increased by 69.3% (odds ratio = 1.693, 95% confidence interval: 1.434–1.999, p = 0.00). We set AFP concentrations as high, medium, and low levels. When comparing with low concentration of AFP, high concentration of AFP (≥1.179 M) was positively associated with PTB with adjustment for potential confounders (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, no statistically significant associations were observed between maternal β-HCG and PTB.

Conclusion In this study, maternal AFP concentration was associated with increased risk of PTB.
Intraoperative Detection of Efferent Lymphatic Vessels Emerging from Lymph Node during Lymphatic Microsurgery
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Kuriyama Motone , Tokumoto Hideki , Ishigaki Tatsuya , Tezuka Takafumi , Ogata Hideyuki , Kubota Yoshitaka , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki
Published: January 2019

Background Although the usefulness of efferent lymphaticovenular anastomosis (ELVA) in lymphatic microsurgery has been reported, the optimal method to distinguish efferent from afferent lymphatics is not yet established. We propose a novel technique to detect efferent lymphatics appropriate for anastomosis.

Methods In total, 62 groin lymph nodes (LNs) of 46 limbs were divided into four groups based on the findings of indocyanine green lymphography: n = 15 in normal, 15 in dermal backflow stage 0, 18 in stage I, and 14 in stage II groups. The target LN and afferent lymphatic connecting it were preoperatively detected using ultrasonography. Intraoperatively, 0.05 mL patent blue dye was slowly manually injected from the afferent lymphatic; the lymphatic(s) subsequently stained was diagnosed as the efferent lymphatic(s) emerging from the node. The success rates of efferent lymphatic detection, sizes of LN, and diameter of efferent lymphatics were compared among the groups.

Results Both LN size and diameter of efferent lymphatic were significantly larger in the stage 0 and I groups than the other groups (p < 0.01). Efferent lymphatic could be stained in 13, 13, 18, and 9 LNs in the normal and stage 0, I, and II groups, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the stage I and II groups regarding the success rate of efferent lymphatic detection (p = 0.04).

Conclusion Efferent lymphatics could be detected using patent blue dye in 85.5% of the cases. The patients in early-stage lymphostasis might be the most appropriate candidates for ELVA.
Omega-3 Supplementation for Children with Learning Difficulties and Attention Deficit Disorder: Is it Beneficial?
Authors: Gadoth Natan
Published: January 2019

The use of “natural medicines,” food supplements, and in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3/6) for a large variety of ailments including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other developmental behavioral disorders has dramatically increased in the past few years. In recent publications, doubts have been raised in regard to the benefits and risks of this form of treatment for ADHD. In this article, a short history of the way this treatment has evolved, its theoretical basis, and evidence-based data on the value of this popular supplementation will be reviewed.
Effects of Moxibustion on Central Fatigue in Rats Subjected to Different Degrees of Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: Liang Yu-lei , Xu Xiao-kang , Gao Fei , Wu Zhong-qiu , Zhu Jie , Zhou Xiao-hong , Zhang Zhi-fang , Sun Li-hong , Sun Dong-yun
Published: January 2019

Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on central fatigue in rats subjected to different degrees of exhaustive exercise.

Methods The exhaustive exercise model was established through repeated trials of swimming. Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: a control group (n=32) that did not undergo the exercise routine, an untreated group (n=32) that received no treatment after exercise, and a moxibustion group (n=32) that received a mild dose of moxibustion at “Shénquè” (CV 8) for 15 min after exercise. Rats in each group were randomly and equally divided into 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th trial subgroups according to exercise duration. The levels of hippocampal tissue monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Dopamine(DA) and free radicals Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured after the exhaustive exercise protocol for each group.

Results The exhaustive duration of rats in the 4th trial untreated subgroup was significantly longer than the 1st trial untreated subgroup, while the 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly shorter than the 1st trial untreated subgroup. The 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were longer than the corresponding untreated subgroups. Compared with the control group, the levels of 5-HT and MDA in rat brains for each untreated subgroup were higher and the GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were lower. The levels of brain DA and SOD in rats from the 1st trial untreated subgroup were significantly higher than controls and then decreased. The 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly lower. Compared with the corresponding untreated subgroups, the levels of rat brain 5-HT in the 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, the MDA levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, and the DA,SOD, GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were increased.

Conclusions Moxibustion relieved exercise-induced central fatigue in long-term exercise by reducing the levels of 5-HT and MDA while increasing the levels of DA, SOD, and GSH-Px, effectively extending the duration of the exhaustive exercise.
Chemically engineered multiferroic morphotropic phase boundary in BiFeO3-based single phase multiferroics
Authors: Zhuang Jian , Lu Jinming , Zhang Nan , Zhang Jie , Bokov Alexei A. , Yang Shuming , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: January 2019

As the reach points of different phases with complex structural features, a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in ferroelectric and ferromagnetic solid solutions can significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance and magnetostrictive response, respectively. Recently, the phase-change functional responses related to the multiferroic MPB are proposed to be a promising way to enhance the magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3-based single phase multiferroics. In this work, we verify the tunable magnetic ordering and the construction of the multiferroic MPB by engineering the chemical concentrations of the ferroelectric/non-magnetic PbTiO3 end in the (1 – x)Bi0.9Dy0.1FeO3-xPbTiO3 binary solid solution ceramic system. Based on the results obtained in this work and reported in the literature, the structure-ferroic properties phase diagram of the BiFeO3-DyFeO3-PbTiO3 ternary system is established, where a compositional region with coexisting ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetic moment is found. More importantly, a multiferroic MPB line separating two chemical regions with distinct crystal structures and ferroic orderings is discovered in the phase diagram. The phase changing nature of MPB compositions with temperature and compositions is investigated from room temperature to high temperature paraelectric phase. This work could provide a promising system to explore the highly desired colossal effects on magnetoelectric coupling in single phase multiferroics by phase-change functional responses.
Simultaneous large pyroelectric response and high depolarization temperature in sodium bismuth titanate-based perovskites
Authors: Jia Jiahui , Guo Shaobo , Yan Shiguang , Cao Fei , Yao Chunhua , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui
Published: January 2019

To support practical infrared detector applications, pyroelectric ceramics should exhibit excellent pyroelectric performances, high depolarization temperatures, and good thermal stabilities. In this study, the pyroelectric properties, depolarization behaviors, and thermal stabilities of tetragonal 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.2BaTiO3 (0.8BNT–0.2BT) ceramics are studied systematically. The samples exhibit high depolarization temperatures (∼209 °C) and excellent thermal stabilities. More importantly, they display high pyroelectric coefficients (p = 2.42 × 10−8 C cm−2 K−1), as well as high voltage responsivity (Fv = 2.68 × 10−2 m2 C−1) and specific detectivity (Fd = 1.53 × 10−5 Pa−1/2) figures of merit at room temperature and 1 kHz. The overall properties of tetragonal 0.8BNT–0.2BT ceramics indicate their potential for application in infrared detectors.
Experimental observation of a photonic hook
Authors: Minin I. V. , Minin O. V. , Katyba G. M. , Chernomyrdin N. V. , Kurlov V. N. , Zaytsev K. I. , Yue L. , Wang Z. , Christodoulides D. N.
Published: January 2019

In this letter, we reported the experimental observation of a photonic hook (PH)—a type of near-field curved light generated at the output of a dielectric cuboid, featuring a broken symmetry and dimensions comparable to the electromagnetic (EM) wavelength. Given that the specific value of the wavelength is not critical once the mesoscale conditions for the particle are met, we verified these predictions experimentally using a 0.25 THz continuous-wave source. The radius of curvature associated with the PH-generated is smaller than the wavelength, while its minimum beam-waist is about 0.44λ. This represents the smallest radius of curvature ever recorded for any EM beam. The observed phenomenon is of potential interest in optics and photonics, particularly, in super-resolution microscopy, manipulation of particles and liquids, photolithography, and material processing. Finally, it has a universal character and should be inherent to acoustic and surface waves, electrons, neutrons, protons, and other beams interacting with asymmetric mesoscale obstacles.
Low-loss photonic-like guided mode in metal-supported optical nanofibers
Authors: Wu Hao , Bao Qingyang , Guo Xin , Dai Daoxin , Tong Limin
Published: January 2019

Subwavelength-diameter optical nanofibers have been proved to be a versatile platform in fields from nanophotonics to cold atom physics. Practical applications of these dielectric nanofibers usually demand a substrate for either functional operation or mechanical support. However, substrate-induced leakage, which always leads to high propagation loss and a cutoff diameter larger than the vacuum wavelength (λ), makes the nanofiber difficult to be operated as a subwavelength waveguide. Here, we demonstrate a low-loss photonic-like guided mode in a metal-supported nanofiber. Owing to its smaller-than-one real part of refractive index of the substrate and the small surface plasmon polariton fraction in the photonic-like mode, this guided mode can be propagated with a subwavelength cutoff diameter and low propagation loss. Using an Au substrate, our calculations show that the propagation length is about 400 μm at a 1.55-μm wavelength in a nanofiber with a diameter of 0.48 λ, which is confirmed by our experimental results (437 μm). We also show that, for nanofibers with higher-index materials, the cutoff diameter can go down to λ/4. Our results may open an opportunity for circuiting and manipulating optical fields in subwavelength-diameter optical nanofibers for a variety of applications.
Structure of the heterophilic interaction between the nectin-like 4 and nectin-like 1 molecules
Authors: Liu Xiao , An Tai , Li Dongdong , Fan Zheng , Xiang Pan , Li Chen , Ju Wenyi , Li Jianing , Hu Gen , Qin Bo , Yin Bin , Wojdyla Justyna Aleksandra , Wang Meitian , Yuan Jiangang , Qiang Boqin , Shu Pengcheng , Cui Sheng , Peng Xiaozhong
Published: January 2019

Nectin-like (Necl) molecules are Ca
2+
-independent Ig-like transmembrane cell adhesion molecules that participate in junctions between different cell types. The specific cell–cell adhesions mediated by Necl proteins are important in neural development and have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present the crystal structure of the mouse Necl-4 full ectodomain and the structure of the heterophilic Necl ectodomain complex formed by the mNecl-4 and mNecl-1 ectodomains. We demonstrate that, while the ectodomain of mNecl-4 is monomeric, it forms a stable heterodimer with Ig1 of mNecl-1, with an affinity significantly higher than that observed for self-dimerization of the mNecl-1 ectodomain. We validated our structural characterizations by performing a surface plasmon resonance assay and an Fc fusion protein binding assay in mouse primary dorsal root ganglia neurites and Schwann cells and identified a selection of residues important for heterophilic interactions. Finally, we proposed a model of Necl binding specificity that involves an induced-fit conformational change at the dimerization interface.
Interrelationships between structure and function during the hemostatic response to injury
Authors: Tomaiuolo Maurizio , Matzko Chelsea N. , Poventud-Fuentes Izmarie , Weisel John W. , Brass Lawrence F. , Stalker Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

Significance

Extensive studies have detailed the molecular regulation of individual components of the hemostatic system. Important questions remain, however, regarding how elements of the coagulation cascade, platelets, and the vessel wall are integrated at the systems level to achieve hemostasis in vivo. Here, in a series of high-resolution imaging studies, we explore in detail how a hemostatic plug composed of platelets and fibrin forms in the setting of penetrating vascular injuries. The results reveal a surprisingly heterogeneous hemostatic plug architecture, including gradients of platelet activation and spatial sequestration of thrombin activity outside the vessel lumen. They also show how a widely prescribed class of antiplatelet agents alters hemostatic plug architecture, resulting in adverse bleeding in certain physiologic contexts.
A bipartite boundary element restricts
UBE3A
imprinting to mature neurons
Authors: Hsiao Jack S. , Germain Noelle D. , Wilderman Andrea , Stoddard Christopher , Wojenski Luke A. , Villafano Geno J. , Core Leighton , Cotney Justin , Chamberlain Stormy J.
Published: January 2019

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the loss of function from the maternal allele of
UBE3A
, a gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase.
UBE3A
is only expressed from the maternally inherited allele in mature human neurons due to tissue-specific genomic imprinting. Imprinted expression of
UBE3A
is restricted to neurons by expression of
UBE3A antisense transcript
(
UBE3A-ATS
) from the paternally inherited allele, which silences the paternal allele of
UBE3A
in
cis
. However, the mechanism restricting
UBE3A-ATS
expression and
UBE3A
imprinting to neurons is not understood. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to functionally define a bipartite boundary element critical for neuron-specific expression of
UBE3A-ATS
in humans. Removal of this element led to up-regulation of
UBE3A-ATS
without repressing paternal
UBE3A
. However, increasing expression of
UBE3A-ATS
in the absence of the boundary element resulted in full repression of paternal
UBE3A
, demonstrating that
UBE3A
imprinting requires both the loss of function from the boundary element as well as the up-regulation of
UBE3A-ATS
. These results suggest that manipulation of the competition between
UBE3A-ATS
and
UBE3A
may provide a potential therapeutic approach for AS.
Form/meaning asymmetry in word formation
Authors: Dugas Edwige
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the French morphological prefixation pattern [non-N] (non-qualification‘non-qualification’,non-Italien‘non-Italian’, andnon-ville‘non-city’). It discusses the form/meaning asymmetry displayed by this pattern and its compositionality. It is shown that the general pattern [non-N] actually corresponds to three distinct subconstructions, i.e. distinct form/meaning pairings. Although pragmatic factors may be seen as presenting a challenge to the compositionality of these constructions, it is argued that [non-N]s must be seen as compositional as long as compositionality is defined not only in terms of truth-conditional semantics, but also of pragmatics.
Translating the same text twice
Authors: Killman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

This article presents the results of a study in which students in a graduate translation technologies course post-edited a text they had previously translated earlier in the semester without using machine translation (MT). The results show that post-editing allowed students with performance levels below, at, and just above an established median to improve the quality of their translation products, while students with performances well above the median actually experienced a decrease in quality. Nevertheless, the post-edited products and post-editing performances of the latter remained superior to those of the former. The study shows how different translators experienced gains or not in quality by accepting different aspects of MT output and how the accepted output relates to their human renditions. It also tracks whether their post-edits were necessary and correct and how they relate to their human renditions. Tracking such behaviors attempts to provide a more holistic view of how post-editing might be qualitatively advantageous or disadvantageous.
Developing and validating a methodology for crowdsourcing L2 speech ratings in Amazon Mechanical Turk
Authors: Nagle Charles
Published: January 2019

Researchers have increasingly turned to Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) to crowdsource speech data, predominantly in English. Although AMT and similar platforms are well positioned to enhance the state of the art in L2 research, it is unclear if crowdsourced L2 speech ratings are reliable, particularly in languages other than English. The present study describes the development and deployment of an AMT task to crowdsource comprehensibility, fluency, and accentedness ratings for L2 Spanish speech samples. Fifty-four AMT workers who were native Spanish speakers from 11 countries participated in the ratings. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to estimate group-level interrater reliability, and Rasch analyses were undertaken to examine individual differences in rater severity and fit. Excellent reliability was observed for the comprehensibility and fluency ratings, but indices were slightly lower for accentedness, leading to recommendations to improve the task for future data collection.
Ayatollah Khomeini: From Islamic Government to Sovereign State
Authors: Namazi Rasoul
Published: January 2019

This paper argues that the mature form of the political doctrine of the Ayatollah Khomeini (1902–89), Iranian Shiite religious authority and architect of the Islamic Republic of Iran, grew out of an encounter with the modern understanding of the state and the concept of sovereignty. Khomeini’s political doctrine, called the Absolute Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, although based on a religious foundation, should be studied as a break with the traditional understanding of political power in Shiism. It will be argued that such a political doctrine can play the same role as the Christian rhetoric of the early modern political thinkers played, pave the way for modernization of Shiite political thought, and prepare the ground for a modern temporal conception of politics.
Online evaluation of congenital amusia (tone deafness) in paediatric stuttering individuals
Authors: Cildir Bünyamin , Akın Şenkal Özgül , Aydın Erdinç
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Congenital amusia is a neurological dysfunction which is defined as an anomaly in pitch processing. This dysfunction might negatively affect individuals’ pitch perception in both musical contexts and in speaking.

Methods:

In this study, an on-line MBEA test is used in order to evaluate musical pitch perception of 38 stutterers who receive speech therapy and 31 stutterers who do not receive speech therapy, in comparison with 70 fluent speaking individuals.

Results:

Between online MBEA scores of speech therapy receiving group and non- speech therapy group, any statistically substantial relation could not be detected (p > .05). Speech therapy receiving group scored better in online MBEA test that non- speech therapy group. Especially, together with the decrease in intensity of stuttering, the mean average of the test increases. A statistically substantial relation between the online MBEA scores of stutterer groups and the control group has been detected (p > .05). A linear relationship was seen between patients’ age and online MBEA scores, at the rate of 28.3%.

Conclusions:

With accordance to findings in the study, it has been hypothesized that stuttering individuals might have problems in terms of musical pitch perception.
MAD1-dependent recruitment of CDK1-CCNB1 to kinetochores promotes spindle checkpoint signaling
Authors: Alfonso-Pérez Tatiana , Hayward Daniel , Holder James , Gruneberg Ulrike , Barr Francis A.
Published: January 2019

Cyclin B–dependent kinase (CDK1-CCNB1) promotes entry into mitosis. Additionally, it inhibits mitotic exit by activating the spindle checkpoint. This latter role is mediated through phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase MPS1 and other spindle checkpoint proteins. We find that CDK1-CCNB1 localizes to unattached kinetochores and like MPS1 is lost from these structures upon microtubule attachment. This suggests that CDK1-CCNB1 is an integral component and not only an upstream regulator of the spindle checkpoint pathway. Complementary proteomic and cell biological analysis demonstrate that the spindle checkpoint protein MAD1 is one of the major components of CCNB1 complexes, and that CCNB1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores in an MPS1-dependent fashion through interaction with the first 100 amino acids of MAD1. This MPS1 and MAD1-dependent pool of CDK1-CCNB1 creates a positive feedback loop necessary for timely recruitment of MPS1 to kinetochores during mitotic entry and for sustained spindle checkpoint arrest. CDK1-CCNB1 is therefore an integral component of the spindle checkpoint, ensuring the fidelity of mitosis.
3. The classical theory of option pricing
Authors: Davis Mark H. A.
Published: January 2019

‘The classical theory of option pricing’ explains the theory of arbitrage pricing, which is closely related to the Dutch Book Arguments, but which brings in a new factor: prices in financial markets evolve over time and participants are able to trade at any time, instead of just taking bets and awaiting the result. In addition to the general theory, pricing models and methods have been developed for specific markets—foreign exchange, interest rates, and credit. The binomial and continuous-time mathematical models for stock prices are introduced along with the Black–Scholes formula, the volatility surface, the difference between European and American options, and the Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing.
4. Interest rates
Authors: Davis Mark H. A.
Published: January 2019

In ordinary life, there are many different interest rates—mortgage rates, rates on credit cards, and rates paid by savings accounts—which are mirrored in the commercial world by loans for short-term funding and longer term loans for business development and project finance. The reasons for so many different rates are market conditions and credit risk. ‘Interest rates’ discusses the trading of interest rates, focusing on the interbank market, which is the area where most trading takes place, most quant effort is deployed and in whose development mathematical finance has played a key role. The basic terminology—including zero coupon bonds, swap rate, yield curve generator, LIBOR rates, and whole yield models—are explained.
6. Fund management
Authors: Davis Mark H. A.
Published: January 2019

‘Fund management’ discusses the objective to form portfolios of assets so as to maximize the investment return. A mathematical finance-oriented approach to optimal investment, in the context of the Black–Scholes price model, was proposed by Robert Merton in 1969. Fund management is a huge industry, and has become much more technical with the emergence of hedge funds deploying sophisticated strategies. There have been many attempts at constructing mathematical models for asset allocation that match real market behaviour more closely. The basic problem is that markets appear so erratic. Is there anything about them that is more invariant? The scenario tree model for long-term asset liability management is explained.