bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes among health care professionals—A National Danish Survey
Authors: Würtz Gitte , Schmidt Christina , Jensen Claus Sixtus , Teilman Grete , Konradsen Hanne
Published: April 2023

Aim

To explore and compare Danish health‐care professionals’ attitudes and knowledge towards pain management of children.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study was carried out using the Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all health care professionals caring for children in three hospital settings, including nurses and physicians in departments of pediatric, emergency, and anesthesia and medical laboratory technologists.

Results

The study was conducted in 2020 and 765 health care professionals participated. Within the six main categories included in the questionnaire, there were significant differences between nurses and physicians in three subcategories: view on the care of children in pain, using drugs to relieve pain, and the four mandatories. Comparing nurses with medical laboratory technicians, there were significant differences in the subcategory "view on the care of children in pain." Comparing types of clinical departments, there were significant differences in the subcategories’ view on the care of children in pain, using drugs to relieve pain, and the four mandatories. Overall, we found that the participating health professionals did not have a uniform understanding of pain management and therefore might treat children differently.

Conclusion

The present study highlights the need to align health care professionals’ knowledge regarding pain assessment and management of children, as well as the need to develop and test interventions that support the use of knowledge in practice.
Drug‐Induced sleep endoscopy in children: NAVOTEL scoring system development
Authors: Qarbal Jawad , Le Treut‐Gay Claire , Allali Laure , Rossi Marie‐Eva , Nicollas Richard , Moreddu Eric
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Pediatric drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) lacks a universal and easy‐to‐use scoring system. The velum, oropharynx, tongue, epiglottis (VOTE) scoring system is widely used but needs to be completed in pediatrics. The main objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of obstructive sites in DISE and to propose an appropriate pediatric scoring system. The secondary objective was to evaluate the changes in surgical management induced by the proposed scoring system.

Methods

A single‐center prospective 5‐year study was conducted from March 2016 to December 2021, including 99 children with a mean age of 7.2 years (±3.7), with pathological preoperative sleep recordings and undergoing DISE. The distribution of all upper airway obstructive sites was studied.

Results

Adenoids (A) were the most frequent obstructive site (63% of patients), and the nasal cavities (N) and the larynx (L) were other frequent obstructive sites. These sites are not explored by the VOTE scoring system, leading to the creation of the nose, adenoids, velum, oropharynx, tongue, epiglottis, larynx (NAVOTEL) scoring system. NAVOTEL was significantly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) (ρ = 0.2; p = 0.04) and highlighted obstructive sites in 6/9 patients with VOTE = 0. Of these patients, 4 had a complete obstructive site, and 3 had a multisite obstruction. VOTE indicated 8 additional surgical actions; NAVOTEL indicated 50 other actions compared to clinical examination. The NAVOTEL scoring system was exhaustive regarding surgical indications for OSAS.

Conclusions

The NAVOTEL scoring system is exhaustive in pediatric DISE and correlated to OSAS severity. It should be preferred in pediatric DISE.
Ensuring natural gas infrastructure is suitable for hydrogen service
Authors: Ott Brian , Delafontaine Laurent , Welchert Nicholas A. , Dee Sean , Reza Ali
Published: April 2023

This paper compares hazard and risk factors related to transporting hydrogen in natural gas pipelines. Properties of hydrogen‐compressed natural gas (HCNG) blends and typical materials for the construction of transmission and distribution systems are evaluated to address the key properties that might impact hazard and risk factors. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) standards B31.8 and ASME B31.12 are reviewed for key differences applicable to HCNG blends. A methodology to identify compliance gaps and mitigate deficiencies if HCNG blends are transported in natural gas transportation systems is proposed.
Long‐term trends in migrating Brassicogethes aeneus in the UK
Authors: Shortall Chris R , Cook Samantha M , Mauchline Alice L , Bell James R
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

The pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) causes significant yield loss in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Predicting population changes remains a scientific challenge, especially since its phenology and abundance varies dramatically over space and time. We used generalized additive models to investigate the long‐term trends in pollen beetle annual, seasonal and monthly counts from Rothamsted 12.2 m suction‐traps. We hypothesised that the beetle's abundance is positively related to the area of oilseed rape at a national and regional level. We used random forest models to investigate the inter‐generational relationship within years.

RESULTS

Although Brassicogethes aeneus annual counts and area of oilseed rape grown in the UK both increased by 162% and 113%, respectively, over the time period studied, they were not significantly related. The size of the immigrating pollen beetle population (up to 1 June) can be explained both by the size of the population in the previous summer and prevailing winter temperatures, indicating a positive feedback mechanism.

CONCLUSION

Currently, pollen beetle numbers continue to increase in the UK, meaning that control issues may persist. However the relationship between counts in spring, during the susceptible phase of the crop, and counts in the previous summer indicates that it may be possible to forecast the counts of the spring migration of Brassicogethes aeneus a few months in advance using suction‐trap samples, which could aid decisions on control options. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
20(S)‐protopanaxatriol inhibited D‐galactose‐induced brain aging in mice via promoting mitochondrial autophagy flow
Authors: Zhang Jun‐jie , Hu Rui‐yi , Chen Ke‐cheng , Liu Yong‐bo , Hou Yun‐yi , Zhang Yu‐zhuo , Feng Zi‐meng , Chen Ri‐xin , Zheng Yi‐nan , Liu Shuang , Li Wei
Published: April 2023

Previous reports have confirmed that saponins (ginsenosides) derived from Panax ginseng. C. A. Meyer exerted obvious memory‐enhancing and antiaging effects, and the simpler the structure of ginsenosides, the better the biological activity. In this work, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol (PPT), the aglycone of panaxatriol‐type ginsenosides, by establishing D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced subacute brain aging model in mice. The results showed that PPT treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks could significantly restore the D‐gal (800 mg/kg for 8 weeks)‐induced impaired memory function, choline dysfunction, and redox system imbalance in mice. Meanwhile, PPT also significantly reduced the histopathological changes caused by D‐gal exposure. Moreover, PPT could increase TFEB/LAMP2 protein expression to promote mitochondrial autophagic flow. Importantly, the results from molecular docking showed that PPT had good binding ability with LAMP2 and TFEB, suggesting that TFEB/LAMP2 might play an important role in PPT to alleviate D‐gal‐caused brain aging.
Study of the correlation between electrical activity and the microphysics and dynamsics of a real severe event using the WRF‐ELEC model
Authors: Luque Melina Y. , Bürgesser Rodrigo E. , Ruiz Juan J.
Published: April 2023

Atmospheric electrical activity is one of the most damaging meteorological phenomena. Studies suggest that storm electrical discharges are correlated with severe weather events such as hail, strong surface winds, etc. To study these correlations, in addition to real data, numerical simulations can be used. In this work, we investigated the electrical activity of simulated thunderstorms using the WRF‐ELEC model over a case study of the RELAMPAGO field campaign (11 December 2018) associated with the occurrence of generalized deep moist convection in central Argentina including some supercell storms. The WRF‐ELEC model successfully reproduced the convective event. A tracking algorithm was used to individualize different convective cells and to study the relationship between their electric activity and different microphysical and kinematic variables. The model reproduced the expected correlations and time lags between these variables. In particular, the model showed that the best correlation occurred between the graupel and hail mass and the electric activity of the storms; this is expected given the key role of these microphysical species in the charge separation processes. Also, 5 m·s−1 updraft volume and cloud top temperature (CTT) temporal evolutions presented good correlations with the electrical activity. Maximum updraft show a less but still good correlation with the electrical activity. We also investigated the correlation between the electrical activity and the hail and graupel concentration near the surface (as an indicator of hail precipitation) and the near‐surface winds and we found that correlation is strong. In particular, for near‐surface ice, we determined that peaks in electrical activity precede peaks in hail and graupel precipitation and that electrical activity could be used as a proxy of this high‐impact weather event.
An 83‐year‐old patient with RET fusion‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer experiencing severe hepatic disorder due to selpercatinib administration
Authors: Nakashima Kazuhisa , Mitarai Yuki , Tanaka Seiko , Nakao Mika , Okuno Takae , Okimoto Tamio , Tanabe Ryo , Yanagawa Takashi , Tsubata Yukari , Isobe Takeshi
Published: April 2023

An 83‐year‐old woman with RET fusion‐positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma was administered selpercatinib 320 mg/day. Despite the shrinking of the tumour, fever, fatigue, and anorexia developed on day 17. Selpercatinib administration was interrupted. On day 21, elevated blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed. On day 28, AST and ALT levels increased to demonstrate Grade 4 in CTCAE Ver.5. The patient received a glycyrrhizin‐compounding agent and steroid treatment, and AST and ALT levels gradually decreased. On day 63, selpercatinib 160 mg/day was restarted after improvement of the hepatic disorder. Since then, selpercatinib was continued without any severe adverse events. Selpercatinib is a reasonable treatment option for RET fusion‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer even in older patients. However, old age may be a risk factor for adverse events including hepatic disorders. For safe treatment in such patients, careful follow‐up is required.
Doubly structured sparsity for grouped multivariate responses with application to functional outcome score modeling
Authors: Huling Jared D. , Lundine Jennifer P. , Leonard Julie C.
Published: April 2023

This work is motivated by the need to accurately model a vector of responses related to pediatric functional status using administrative health data from inpatient rehabilitation visits. The components of the responses have known and structured interrelationships. To make use of these relationships in modeling, we develop a two‐pronged regularization approach to borrow information across the responses. The first component of our approach encourages joint selection of the effects of each variable across possibly overlapping groups of related responses and the second component encourages shrinkage of effects towards each other for related responses. As the responses in our motivating study are not normally‐distributed, our approach does not rely on an assumption of multivariate normality of the responses. We show that with an adaptive version of our penalty, our approach results in the same asymptotic distribution of estimates as if we had known in advance which variables have non‐zero effects and which variables have the same effects across some outcomes. We demonstrate the performance of our method in extensive numerical studies and in an application in the prediction of functional status of pediatric patients using administrative health data in a population of children with neurological injury or illness at a large children's hospital.
MOF‐Derived In2O3/CuO p‐n Heterojunction Photoanode Incorporating Graphene Nanoribbons for Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Shi Li , Benetti Daniele , Wei Qin , Rosei Federico
Published: April 2023

Solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach toward sustainable hydrogen (H2) generation. However, the design and synthesis of efficient semiconductor photocatalysts via a facile method remains a significant challenge, especially p‐n heterojunctions based on composite metal oxides. Herein, a MOF‐on‐MOF (metal‐organic framework) template is employed as the precursor to synthesize In2O3/CuO p‐n heterojunction composite. After incorporation of small amounts of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the optimized PEC devices exhibited a maximum current density of 1.51 mA cm−2 (at 1.6 V vs RHE) under one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2), which is approximately four times higher than that of the reference device based on only In2O3 photoanodes. The improvement in the performance of these hybrid anodes is attributed to the presence of a p‐n heterojunction that enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and suppresses charge recombination, as well as the presence of GNRs that can increase the conductivity by offering better path for electron transport, thus reducing the charge transfer resistance. The proposed MOF‐derived In2O3/CuO p‐n heterojunction composite is used to demonstrate a high‐performance PEC device for hydrogen generation.
Uniform Zinc Deposition Regulated by a Nitrogen‐Doped MXene Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interlayer
Authors: Gao Jingwan , Zhang Xiaoya , Wang Meiling , Qiu Jingyi , Zhang Hao , Chen Xibang , Wang Yizhan , Wei Yingjin
Published: April 2023

The dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc metal anode in mildly acidic electrolytes seriously hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc–ion battery. To address these issues, an artificial protective layer of nitrogen‐doped MXene (NMX) is used to protect the zinc anode. The NMX protective layer has high conductivity and uniformly distributed zincophilic sites, which can not only homogenize the local electric field on the electrode interface but also accelerate the kinetics for Zn deposition. As a result, the NMX protective layer induces uniform zinc deposition and reduces the overpotential of the electrode. Encouragingly, this NMX‐protected Zn anode can cycle stably for 1900 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. In asymmetric cells, it achieves high cycle reversibility with an average Coulomb efficiency of 99.79% for 4800 cycles at 5 mA cm−2.
Improving the Electron Transport Performance of TiO2 Film by Regulating TiCl4 Post‐Treatment for High‐Efficiency Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Zhujie , Wang Yao , Li Lingcong , Zhang Ruike , Hong Jin , Huang Rong , Che Lei , Yang Guoying , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua
Published: April 2023

Titanium oxide (TiO2) has been widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Typically, TiCl4 post‐treatment is indispensable for modifying the surfaces of TiO2 ETL to improve the electron transport performance. However, it is challenging to produce the preferred anatase phase‐dominated TiO2 by the TiCl4 post‐treatment due to the higher thermodynamic stability of the rutile phase. In this work, a mild continuous pH control strategy for effectively regulating the hydrolysis process of TiCl4 post‐treatment is proposed. As the weak organic base, urea has been demonstrated can maintain a moderate pH decrease during the hydrolysis process of TiCl4 while keeping the hydrolysis process relatively mild due to the ultra‐weak alkalinity. The improved pH environment is beneficial for the formation of anatase TiO2. Consequently, a uniform anatase‐dominated TiO2 surface layer is formed on the mesoporous TiO2, resulting in reduced defect density and superior band energy level. The interfacial charge recombination is effectively suppressed, and the charge extraction efficiency is improved simultaneously in the fabricated solar cells. The efficiency of the fabricated carbon electrode‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) is improved from 16.63% to 18.08%, which is the highest for C‐PSCs based on wide‐bandgap perovskites.
3D Hierarchical‐Architectured Nanoarray Electrode for Boosted and Sustained Urea Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Li Ping , Li Wenqin , Huang Yuqi , Huang Quhua , Tian Shuanghong
Published: April 2023

Exploring active and durable Ni‐based materials with optimized electronic and architectural engineering to promote the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is pivotal for the urea‐related technologies. Herein a 3D self‐supported hierarchical‐architectured nanoarray electrode (CC/MnNi@NC) is proposed in which 1D N‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) with 0D MnNi nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulation are intertwined into 2D nanosheet aligned on the carbon cloth for prominently boosted and sustained UOR electrocatalysis. From combined experimental and theoretical investigations, Mn‐alloying can regulate Ni electronic state with downshift of the d‐band center, facilitating active Ni3+ species generation and prompting the rate‐determining step (*COO intermediate desorption). Meanwhile, the micro/nano‐hierarchical nanoarray configuration with N‐CNTs encapsulating MnNi NPs can not only endow strong operational durability against metal corrosion/agglomeration and enrich the density of active sites, but also accelerate electron transfer, and more intriguingly, promote mass transfer as a result of desirable superhydrophilic and quasi‐superaerophobic characteristics. Therefore, with such elegant integration of 0D, 1D and 2D motifs into 3D micro/nano‐hierarchical architecture, the resulting CC/MnNi@NC can deliver admirable UOR performance, favorably comparable to the best‐performing UOR electrocatalysts reported thus far. This work opens a fresh prospect in developing advanced electrocatalysts via electronic manipulation coupled with architectural engineering for various energy conversion technologies.
Stereopsis‐Inspired 3D Visual Imaging System Based on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite
Authors: Yan Yongxu , Li Zhexin , Li Linlin , Lou Zheng
Published: April 2023

Stereopsis is of great important functions for humans to perceive and interact with the world. To realize the function of stereoscopic imaging, optoelectronic sensors shall possess good photoresponsive performance, multidirectional sensing, and 3D building capabilities. However, the current imaging sensors are mainly focused on 2D imaging, limiting their practical application scenarios. In this study, a stereopsis‐inspired flexible 3D visual imaging system (VIS) based on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite is demonstrated. The 3D‐VIS consists of 800 device units, each of which demonstrates excellent photoresponse performance, mechanical characteristics, and environmental stability. In addition to the capability of detecting 2D reflective images, the 3D‐VIS realizes the function of detecting the depth of field and fusing object projections of two directions to invert the 3D image by utilizing voxels to rebuild the spatial structure of the object. In the future, the 3D‐VIS will have broad application prospects in medical imaging, virtual reality, industrial automation, and other fields.
Supramolecular Soft Material Enabled by Metal Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding: Stretchability, Self‐Healing, Impact Resistance, 3D Printing, and Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Cai Changyong , Li Fenfang , Dong Shengyi
Published: April 2023

Metal coordination can significantly improve the macroscopic performance of many materials by enhancing their dynamic features. In this study, two supramolecular interactions, Fe3+–carboxylic acid coordination, and structural water‐induced hydrogen bonding, into an artificial polymer were introduced. Various attractive features, including flexibility and stretchability, are achieved because of the bulk state and dynamic hydrogen bonds of poly(thioctic acid‐water) (poly[TA‐H]). These unique features are considerably enhanced after the incorporation of Fe3+ cations into poly[TA‐H] because metal coordination increased the mobility of the poly[TA‐H] chains. Thus, the poly(thioctic acid‐water‐metal) (poly[TA‐HM]) copolymer exhibited better flexibility and stretchability. Moreover, notable underwater/low‐temperature self‐healing capacity is obtained via the synergistic effect of the metal and hydrogen bonding. Most of the impact energy is quickly absorbed by poly[TA‐H] or poly[TA‐HM] and effectively and rapidly dissipated via reversible debonding/bonding via the interactions between the metal and hydrogen. Macroscopic plastic deformation or structural failure is not observed during high‐speed (50–70 m s−1) impact experiments or high‐altitude (90 m) falling tests. Furthermore, poly[TA‐HM] displayed good thermal molding properties, which enabled its processing via 3D fused deposition modeling printing. Poly[TA‐HM] also showed considerable effectiveness for monitoring complicated, dynamic, and irregular biological activities owing to its highly pressure‐sensitive nature.
Solid‐state Li–air batteries: Fundamentals, challenges, and strategies
Authors: Rao Yuan , Yang Jiawei , Chu Shiyong , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: April 2023

The landmark Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario requires the revolution of today's energy system for realizing nonenergy‐related global economy. Advanced batteries with high energy density and safety are expected to realize the shift of end‐use sectors toward renewable and clean sources of electricity. Present Li‐ion technologies have dominated the modern energy market but face with looming challenges of limited theoretical specific capacity and high cost. Li–air(O2) battery, characterized by energy‐rich redox chemistry of Li stripping/plating and oxygen conversion, emerges as a promising “beyond Li‐ion” strategy. In view of the superior stability and inherent safety, a solid‐state Li–air battery is regarded as a more practical choice compared to the liquid‐state counterpart. However, there remain many challenges that retard the development of solid‐state Li–air batteries. In this review, we provide an in‐depth understanding of fundamental science from both thermodynamics and kinetics of solid‐state Li–air batteries and give a comprehensive assessment of the main challenges. The discussion of effective strategies along with authoritative demonstrations for achieving high‐performance solid‐state Li–air batteries is presented, including the improvement of cathode kinetics and durability, solid electrolyte design, Li anode optimization and protection, as well as interfacial engineering.
2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Sn‐Based Perovskite Weak Light Detector for Image Transmission and Reflection Imaging
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Jingshu , Tian Yongzhi , Wei Zhongming , Shen Guozhen
Published: April 2023

2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Sn‐based perovskite has excellent optoelectronic properties and weak halide ion migration characteristics, making it an ideal candidate for weak light detection, which has great potential in light communication, and medical applications. Although Sn‐based perovskite photodetectors are developed, weak light detection is not demonstrated yet. Herein, a high‐performance self‐powered photodetector with the capability to detect ultra‐weak light signals is designed based on vertical PEA2SnI4/Si nanowires heterojunction. Due to the low dark current and high light absorption efficiency, the devices present a remarkable responsivity of 42.4 mA W−1, a high detectivity of 8 × 1011 Jones, and an ultralow noise current of 2.47 × 10−13 A Hz−1/2. Especially, the device exhibits a high on–off current ratio of 18.6 at light signals as low as 4.60 nW cm−2, revealing the capacity to detect ultra‐weak light. The device is applied as a signal receiver and realized image transmission in light communication system. Moreover, high‐resolution reflection imaging and multispectral imaging are obtained using the device as the sensor in the imaging system. These results reveal that 2D PEA2SnI4‐based self‐powered photodetectors with low‐noise current possess enormous potential in future weak light detection.
Antidiabetic Effect of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) in High‐Fat Diet/Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zong Aizhen , Guan Qianqian , Ma Wenxin , Liu Lina , Jia Min , Du Fangling , Xu Tongcheng
Published: April 2023

This study aims to assess the effect of different doses of Chinese yam (CY) on a high‐fat diet (HFD) and a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model, using resistant starch (RS) as a positive control. Rats in the normal control and diabetes model (DM) groups are fed the standard diet and HFD, respectively. The RS and CY‐intervention groups are fed with a special HFD, in which starch, maltodextrin, and sucrose in the HFD are replaced completely with RS or CY powder in different proportions: 33.33% (1/3), 66.67% (2/3), and 100% respectively. The results show that CY powder can decrease serum levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, lower abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat index, increase levels of insulin and hepatic glycogen, and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. In addition, CY reduces oxidative stress and inflammation and reduces spleen weight and spleen index in diabetic rats. Notably, CY shows higher efficacy than RS in glucose tolerance and serum insulin and nitric oxide levels. This study suggests that CY powder may replace RS as a functional food in diabetic diets.
Calculation Method for Initial Discharge Formation Parts of Live Line Worker Based on Leader Discharge Theory
Authors: Peng Yong , Xiao Bin , Liu Kai , Zhu Xiang , Han Keming , Wu Tian
Published: April 2023

For the initial attachment parts of the human body discharge under live working conditions of transmission lines, this paper proposes a calculation method suitable for any working posture and tower type based on the leader discharge theory. By simulating the formation of the leader channel, the minimum background field for the initiation of the stable leader in various parts of the human body is calculated, and the probability distribution of the initial discharge attachment position on the body surface of the worker is obtained. The results show that the stable transformation of the secondary corona to the leader channel at the tip of the human body is a precondition for this part to become an attachment point of the discharge; In the process of the worker entering the equipotential, affected by the entering direction and posture, the parts with a large curvature such as the hands and feet are likely to become the initial discharge attachment position; Due to the shielding effect from the limbs, the rear part of the worker has a low probability of becoming the initial discharge attachment position. The purpose of this research is to explore an effective method for identifying the discharge location of a live line worker, and to strengthen the protection of workers from the electric field. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Conservation of waste melon shell and fly ash utilized as reinforcements for aluminum alloy matrix in terrestrial ecosystem acquired green hybrid composites
Authors: Manivannan S. , Venkatesh R. , Kubendiran M. , Kannan C. Ramesh , Karthikeyan N. , Naveen S.
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, the environmental ecosystem is protected and maintains sustainability for waste material management like agriculture product end waste and industrial waste. The main scope of this research is to gather the agriculture end product of melon shell ash waste and industrial fly ash waste utilized as organic reinforcements for making a lightweight with superior strength green hybrid composite for fourth‐generation terrestrial ecosystem applications. The various volume percentage of waste melon shell ash and fly ash are governed by the ratio of 0:0, 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, and 4:4, respectively. The green aluminum alloy (Al6061) hybrid composite is synthesized via a semi‐solid stir technique. The developed green hybrid composites are subjected to physical and mechanical studies followed by ASTM standards. The developed composite contained a 4:4 ratio of melon and fly ash and found a light weight of 2.75 ± 0.11 g/cc with improved tensile strength and hardness percentages of 8.35% and 21.38% compared to cast aluminum alloy. This research may help basic knowledge for future investigations on modern green composite manufacturing via agricultural and industrial wastage.
Exploring the potential of Fe(III)‐EGTA and Fe(III)‐DTPA as the catalysts to enhance UV/persulfate in the degradation of aqueous sulfamethazine
Authors: Ng Kuan Aeng , Low Kah Hin , Tay Kheng Soo
Published: April 2023

The combination of UV and water‐soluble Fe(III) complexes is an effective method for generating Fe(II) in situ for activating advanced oxidation processes. This study explored the potential of Fe(III)‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Fe(III)‐DTPA) and Fe(III)‐ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (Fe(III)‐EGTA) in activating the UV/persulfate (UV/PS) for sulfamethazine removal. The initial screening showed that Fe(III)‐EGTA and Fe(III)‐DTPA could significantly improve the rate of sulfamethazine removal. The optimum molar ratios of persulfate to Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA were 100:1 and 100:2.5. The predicted percentage of sulfamethazine removal under the optimized conditions, obtained using response surface methodology, was ~99% for both catalysts. The pH range of 6 to 8 did not significantly affect the performance of UV/PS in the removal of sulfamethazine. The percentage sulfamethazine removal in the selected water samples was ranged from 93.6% to 99.6%, agreeing with the predicted value. The performance of both catalysts in activating UV/PS is comparable with that of the frequently used Fe(III)‐EDDS.

Practitioners Points

The potential of Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA in activating UV/persulfate (UV/PS) was explored.

Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA improved the performance of UV/PS in sulfamethazine removal.

Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA are effective in catalyzing UV/PS under pH 6 to 8.

The performance of Fe(III)‐DTPA and Fe(III)‐EGTA is comparable with well‐studied Fe(III)‐EDDS.
Correction to: Overcoming Abstraction: Affectual States in the Efforts to Decarbonize Energy Among Young Climate Activists in Stavanger, Norway
Authors: Lautrup Andy
Published: April 2023

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Introduction: The Past Continuous of Epidemiology
Authors: Hakosalo Heini , Parhi Katariina , Sailo Annukka
Published: April 2023

From early 2020, epidemiological research has been in the public eye like never before, thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology has been instrumental in recognizing and framing the pandemic, assessing its scale, and shaping the global response. Much to their surprise, epidemiologists have also been drawn into the highly politicized disputes around the pandemic response. But both pandemics and epidemiologists have been around for centuries or, depending on definitions, even for millenia. Apart from shortly outlining the contents of the book, the introductory chapter charts the boundaries of epidemiology with reference to adjacent fields of inquiry, reviews the widely varied views on its emergence as a disipline, and discusses the historiography of epidemiology—which, much like its subject, is extensive but somewhat nebulous.
Theoretischer Hintergrund und Stand der Forschung
Authors: Jähnke Anke
Published: April 2023

In Kapitel 2 werden die theoretischen Grundpositionen der Untersuchung skizziert und der Forschungsstand zu „Double Duty Caregiving“ zusammengefasst. Eine detaillierte Ergebnisdarstellung der Literaturrecherche ist im elektronischen Zusatzmaterial einsehbar.
Axion-meson mixing in light of recent lattice η–η′ simulations and their two-photon couplings within U(3) chiral theory
Authors: Gao Rui , Guo Zhi-Hui , Oller J. A. , Zhou Hai-Qing
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the mixing of the QCD/QCD-like axion and light-flavor mesons π0, η, η′ within the framework of U(3) chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-leading order in this work. The axion-meson mixing formulas are calculated order by order in the U(3) δ-expansion scheme, namely the joint expansions of the momentum, light-quark masses and 1/NC. We provide axion-meson mixing relations in terms of the π0–η–η′ mixing parameters and their masses. The recent lattice simulations on the η–η′ systems turn out to be able to offer valuable inputs to constrain the unknown low-energy constants. The relation of the mass and decay constant of the axion is then further explored based on our updated calculations. The two-photon couplings of the light-flavor mesons, together with the axion, are also investigated in the U(3) chiral theory up to next-to-leading order in the δ-counting scheme.
Classical vs quantum eikonal scattering and its causal structure
Authors: Bellazzini Brando , Isabella Giulia , Riva Massimiliano Maria
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the eikonal scattering of two gravitationally interacting bodies, in the regime of large angular momentum and large center of mass energy. We show that eikonal exponentiation of the scattering phase matrix is a direct consequence of the group contraction SU(2) → ISO(2), from rotations to the isometries of the plane, in the large angular momentum limit. We extend it to all orders in the scattering angle, and for all masses and spins. The emergence of the classical limit is understood in terms of the continuous-spin representations admitted by ISO(2). We further investigate the competing classical vs quantum corrections to the leading classical eikonal scattering, and find several interesting examples where quantum corrections are more important than Post-Minkowskian’s. As a case of study, we analyse the scattering of a photon off a massless neutral scalar field, up to next-to-leading order in the Newton constant, and to leading order in the fine structure constant. We investigate the causal structure of the eikonal regime and establish an infinite set of non-linear positivity bounds, of which positivity of time delay is the simplest.
Integrated correlators from integrability: Maldacena-Wilson line in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Cavaglià Andrea , Gromov Nikolay , Julius Julius , Preti Michelangelo
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We present a systematic method for the derivation of a relation which connects the correlation function of operators on the straight Maldacena-Wilson line with the integrability data for the cusp anomalous dimension. As we show, the derivation requires very careful treatment of the UV divergences. Our method opens a way to derive infinitely many constraints on integrals of multi-point correlation functions, relating them with the integrability data for the generalised cusp anomalous dimension governed by the Quantum Spectral Curve. Such constraints have been shown recently to be very powerful in combination with the numerical conformal bootstrap, leading to very narrow non-perturbative bounds on conformal data beyond the spectrum.
Aspects of holography in conical AdS3
Authors: Berenstein David , Grabovsky David , Li Ziyi
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the Feynman propagator of free scalar fields in AdS3 with a conical defect. In the bulk, the defect is represented by a massive particle; in the dual CFT, it is a heavy operator that creates a highly excited state. We construct the propagator by solving the bulk equation of motion in the defect geometry, summing over the modes of the field, and passing to the boundary. The result agrees with a calculation based on the method of images in AdS3/ℤN, where it is also a sum over geodesic lengths. On the boundary, the propagator becomes a semiclassical heavy-light four-point function. We interpret the field modes as double-twist primary states formed by excitations of the scalar on top of the defect, and we check that the correlator is crossing-symmetric by matching its singular behavior to that of the semiclassical Virasoro vacuum block. We also argue that long-range correlations in conical AdS are “thermally” suppressed as the defect becomes more massive by studying the critical behavior of a continuous phase transition in the correlator at the BTZ threshold. Finally, we apply our results to holographic entanglement entropy by exploiting an analogy between free scalars and replica twist fields.
Generalized Veneziano and Virasoro amplitudes
Authors: Geiser Nicholas , Lindwasser Lukas W.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We analyze so-called generalized Veneziano and generalized Virasoro amplitudes. Under some physical assumptions, we find that their spectra must satisfy an over-determined set of non-linear recursion relations. The recursion relation for the generalized Veneziano amplitudes can be solved analytically and yields a two-parameter family which includes the Veneziano amplitude, the one-parameter family of Coon amplitudes, and a larger two-parameter family of amplitudes with an infinite tower of spins at each mass level. In the generalized Virasoro case, the only consistent solution is the string spectrum.
Warm dark matter from a gravitational freeze-in in extra dimensions
Authors: de Giorgi A. , Vogl S.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the freeze-in of gravitationally interacting dark matter in extra dimensions. Focusing on a minimal dark matter candidate that only interacts with the SM via gravity in a five-dimensional model we find that a large range of dark matter and Kaluza-Klein graviton masses can lead to the observed relic density. The preferred values of the masses and the strength of the interaction make this scenario very hard to test in terrestrial experiments. However, significant parts of the parameter space lead to warm dark matter and can be tested by cosmological and astrophysical observations.
Physics implications of a combined analysis of COHERENT CsI and LAr data
Authors: De Romeri V. , Miranda O. G. , Papoulias D. K. , Sanchez Garcia G. , Tórtola M. , Valle J. W. F.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The observation of coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering has opened the window to many physics opportunities. This process has been measured by the COHERENT Collaboration using two different targets, first CsI and then argon. Recently, the COHERENT Collaboration has updated the CsI data analysis with a higher statistics and an improved understanding of systematics. Here we perform a detailed statistical analysis of the full CsI data and combine it with the previous argon result. We discuss a vast array of implications, from tests of the Standard Model to new physics probes. In our analyses we take into account experimental uncertainties associated to the efficiency as well as the timing distribution of neutrino fluxes, making our results rather robust. In particular, we update previous measurements of the weak mixing angle and the neutron root mean square charge radius for CsI and argon. We also update the constraints on new physics scenarios including neutrino nonstandard interactions and the most general case of neutrino generalized interactions, as well as the possibility of light mediators. Finally, constraints on neutrino electromagnetic properties are also examined, including the conversion to sterile neutrino states. In many cases, the inclusion of the recent CsI data leads to a dramatic improvement of bounds.
Bethe/Gauge correspondence for ABCDEFG-type 3d gauge theories
Authors: Ding Xiang-Mao , Zhang Tinglyer
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we give a new effective superpotential that makes clear Bethe/Gauge correspondence between 2d (and 3d) SO/Sp gauge theories and open XXX (and XXZ) spin chains with diagonal boundary conditions, and also works in the case of 2d (and 3d) BCN-type gauge theories which is not previously discussed in the literature. Especially, for exceptional Lie algebras F4, G2, we give the effective superpotential and vacuum equations. For E6,7,8, we only give theirs effective superpotential for convenience.
Evidence of trospium’s ability to mitigate cholinergic adverse events related to xanomeline: phase 1 study results
Authors: Breier Alan , Brannan Stephen K. , Paul Steven M. , Miller Andrew C.
Published: April 2023

Rationale

The M1/M4 preferring muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline demonstrated antipsychotic and procognitive effects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia in prior studies, but further clinical development was limited by cholinergic adverse events (AEs). KarXT combines xanomeline with the peripherally restricted muscarinic receptor antagonist trospium with the goal of improving tolerability and is in clinical development for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective

Test the hypothesis that trospium can mitigate cholinergic AEs associated with xanomeline.

Methods

Healthy volunteers enrolled in this phase 1 (NCT02831231), single-site, 9-day, double-blind comparison of xanomeline alone (n = 33) versus KarXT (n = 35). Rates of five prespecified cholinergic AEs (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, salivary hypersecretion) were compared between treatment arms. Vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs), safety laboratory values, and pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were assessed. A self-administered visual analog scale (VAS) and clinician-administered scales were employed.

Results

Compared with xanomeline alone, KarXT reduced composite incidences of the five a priori selected cholinergic AEs by 46% and each individual AE by ≥ 29%. There were no episodes of syncope in KarXT-treated subjects; two cases occurred in the xanomeline-alone arm. The rate of postural dizziness was 11.4% in the KarXT arm versus 27.2% with xanomeline alone. ECG, vital signs, and laboratory values were not meaningfully different between treatment arms. The VAS and clinician-administered scales tended to favor KarXT. PK analysis revealed that trospium did not affect xanomeline’s PK profile.

Conclusions

Trospium was effective in mitigating xanomeline-related cholinergic AEs. KarXT had an improved safety profile compared with xanomeline alone.
Structural Changes in Nonlocal Denoising Models Arising Through Bi-Level Parameter Learning
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Ferreira Rita , Kreisbeck Carolin , Schönberger Hidde
Published: April 2023

We introduce a unified framework based on bi-level optimization schemes to deal with parameter learning in the context of image processing. The goal is to identify the optimal regularizer within a family depending on a parameter in a general topological space. Our focus lies on the situation with non-compact parameter domains, which is, for example, relevant when the commonly used box constraints are disposed of. To overcome this lack of compactness, we propose a natural extension of the upper-level functional to the closure of the parameter domain via Gamma-convergence, which captures possible structural changes in the reconstruction model at the edge of the domain. Under two main assumptions, namely, Mosco-convergence of the regularizers and uniqueness of minimizers of the lower-level problem, we prove that the extension coincides with the relaxation, thus admitting minimizers that relate to the parameter optimization problem of interest. We apply our abstract framework to investigate a quartet of practically relevant models in image denoising, all featuring nonlocality. The associated families of regularizers exhibit qualitatively different parameter dependence, describing a weight factor, an amount of nonlocality, an integrability exponent, and a fractional order, respectively. After the asymptotic analysis that determines the relaxation in each of the four settings, we finally establish theoretical conditions on the data that guarantee structural stability of the models and give examples of when stability is lost.
Left ventricular myocardial strain responding to chronic pressure overload in patients with resistant hypertension evaluated by feature-tracking CMR
Authors: Chen Hang , Brunner Fabian J. , Özden Cansu , Wenzel Ulrich O. , Neumann Johannes T. , Erley Jennifer , Saering Dennis , Muellerleile Kai , Maas Kai-Jonathan , Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Cavus Ersin , Schneider Jan N. , Blankenberg Stefan , Koops Andreas , Adam Gerhard , Tahir Enver
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The study aimed to investigate the alterations of myocardial deformation responding to long-standing pressure overload and the effects of focal myocardial fibrosis using feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) in patients with resistant hypertension (RH).

Methods

Consecutive RH patients were prospectively recruited and underwent CMR at a single institution. FT-CMR analyses based on cine images were applied to measure left ventricular (LV) peak systolic global longitudinal (GLS), radial (GRS), and circumferential strain (GCS). Functional and morphological CMR variables, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging were also obtained.

Results

A total of 50 RH patients (63 ± 12 years, 32 men) and 18 normotensive controls (57 ± 8 years, 12 men) were studied. RH patients had a higher average systolic blood pressure than controls (166 ± 21 mmHg vs. 116 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) with the intake of 5 ± 1 antihypertensive drugs. RH patients showed increased LV mass index (78 ± 15 g/m2 vs. 61 ± 9 g/m2, p < 0.001), decreased GLS (− 16 ± 3% vs. − 19 ± 2%, p = 0.001) and GRS (41 ± 12% vs. 48 ± 8%, p = 0.037), and GCS was reduced by trend (− 17 ± 4% vs. − 19 ± 4%, p = 0.078). Twenty-one (42%) RH patients demonstrated a LV focal myocardial fibrosis (LGE +). LGE + RH patients had higher LV mass index (85 ± 14 g/m2 vs. 73 ± 15 g/m2, p = 0.007) and attenuated GRS (37 ± 12% vs. 44 ± 12%, p = 0.048) compared to LGE − RH patients, whereas GLS (p = 0.146) and GCS (p = 0.961) were similar.

Conclusion

Attenuation of LV GLS and GRS, and GCS decline by tendency, might be adaptative changes responding to chronic pressure overload. There is a high incidence of focal myocardial fibrosis in RH patients, which is associated with reduced LV GRS.

Clinical relevance statement

Feature-tracking CMR-derived myocardial strain offers insights into the influence of long-standing pressure overload and of a myocardial fibrotic process on cardiac deformation in patients with resistant hypertension.

Key Points

• Variations of left ventricular strain are attributable to the degree of myocardial impairment in resistant hypertensive patients.

• Focal myocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle is associated with attenuated global radial strain.

• Feature-tracking CMR provides additional information on the attenuation of myocardial deformation responding to long-standing high blood pressure.