bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Bio-based Monomer from Vegetable Oil Fatty Acids and Design of Functionalized Greener Polyester
Authors: Rahim Noor Farisha Abd , Watanabe Kohtaro , Ariffin Hidayah , Andou Yoshito , Hassan Mohd Ali , Shirai Yoshihito
Published: May 2014

In order to design sustainable materials from vegetable oil-based fatty acids, we propose herewith a method to obtain unsaturated dicarboxylic acids as a polymerizable monomer through metathesis reaction of oleic and linoleic acids with the 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst. Subsequently, functional green polyester was produced from dicarboxylic acids and aromatic diol. Dicarboxylic acid having similar structure i.e., octadec-9-enedioic acid was successfully obtained from metathesis of both oleic and linoleic acids. Condensation polymerization of octadec-9-enedioic acid with 1,6-hexanediol and 4,4′-biphenol was carried out and it was shown that polymer with aromatic backbone had higher glass-transition temperature than aliphatic polyester.
Approximating Sparse Covering Integer Programs Online
Authors: Gupta Anupam , Nagarajan Viswanath
Published: May 2014

A covering integer program (CIP) is a mathematical program of the form min{c⊤ x ∣ Ax ≥ 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ u, x ∈ ℤn}, where all entries in A, c, u are nonnegative. In the online setting, the constraints (i.e., the rows of the constraint matrix A) arrive over time, and the algorithm can only increase the coordinates of x to maintain feasibility. As an intermediate step, we consider solving the covering linear program (CLP) online, where the integrality constraints are dropped.

Our main results are (a) an O(log k)-competitive online algorithm for solving the CLP, and (b) an O(log k · log l)-competitive randomized online algorithm for solving the CIP. Here k ≤ n and l ≤ m respectively denote the maximum number of nonzero entries in any row and column of the constraint matrix A. Our algorithm is based on the online primal-dual paradigm, where a novel ingredient is to allow dual variables to increase and decrease throughout the course of the algorithm. It is known that this result is the best possible for polynomial-time online algorithms, even in the special case of set cover (where all entries in A, c, and u are 0 or 1.
Ranking Tool Created for Medicinal Plants at Risk of Being Overharvested in the Wild
Authors: Castle Lisa Marie , Leopold Susan , Craft Rachel , Kindscher Kelly
Published: May 2014

We developed an adaptable, transparent tool that can be used to quantify and compare vulnerability to overharvest for wild collected medicinal plants. Subsequently, we are creating a list of the most threatened medicinal plants in temperate North America. The new tool scores species according to their life history, the effects of harvest, their abundance and range, habitat, and demand. The resulting rankings, based on explicit criteria rather than expert opinion, will make it easier to discuss areas of vulnerability and set conservation priorities. Here we present scores for 40 species assessed using the At-Risk Tool and discuss the traits that led to different scores for six example species: echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia DC. Asteraceae), peyote (Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M. Coult. Cactaceae), sandalwood (Santalum spp. L. Santalaceae), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L. Urticaceae), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L. Araliaceae) and mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L. Berberidaceae).
Khawa Karpo: Tibetan Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Glover Denise M.
Published: May 2014

Review of Khawa Karpo: Tibetan Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation. Jan Salick and Robert K. Moseley. 2012. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Pp. 273. US$55 (paperback). ISBN 978-1-935641-06-3.
Psychological experiences and quality of life in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Al-Hassan Mousa , Ahmed Samira , Akhu-Zahea Laila , Hayudini Jahara
Published: May 2014

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery improves quality of life and survival rates. However, prolonged waits for this surgery are inevitable in countries having nationalized healthcare systems. Although no significant decline in the waiting times for this surgery has been demonstrated, recent research in psychological experiences of the patients is lacking Objectives: 1)     To describe psychological experiences, anxiety and uncertainty, and quality of life in Omani patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft. 2)     To examine the significance of sociodemographics, health characteristics and the waiting time in predicting anxiety and uncertainty. 3)     To examine the independent effect of anxiety and uncertainty in predicting quality of life of the patients. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. To obtain the required information, two nurses interviewed a convenience sample of hospitalized patients for coronary artery bypass graft (N = 84) between May 2011 and June 2012. Three regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of anxiety, uncertainty and quality of life. Results: Literate patients and those with infrequent hospital admissions were more likely to experience high levels of anxiety, whereas, patients without myocardial infarction but having hypertension, and those who waited for the surgery 60 days or less were more likely to report greater uncertainty.  Exercising regularly, low family monthly income and short duration since diagnosis with coronary artery disease significantly predicted better quality of life Conclusion: Physiological disruptions and concomitant chronic illnesses have significant effects on the psychological experiences and quality of life of the patients.   Keywords: Anxiety, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Quality Of Life, Uncertainty, Waiting Time.
Factors effecting on involvement of nurse leaders in policy making for nursing in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Aarabi Akram , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad
Published: May 2014

Background: During recent years involvement of Iranian nurse leaders in policy making for nursing has been increased, but still there are many disputations about policy making for nursing in Iran. Objectives: This study intended to explore and describe factors effecting on Involvement of nurse leaders in policy making for nursing in Iran. Method: A qualitative design involving face-to-face, semi-structured interviews by 20 nurse leaders and physicians who had key positions in policy making for nursing had been audio taped and transcribed. Using a conventional content analysis approach, data were analyzed. Results: After open coding and categorizing data three main categories created; include: performance of nurses and nurse leaders; opportunities face to nurse leaders; and conditions governing the healthcare system. Conclusion: Some factors effecting involvement of nurse leaders in policy making for nursing in Iran do not have wide differences with other studies in this field.  Although many factors had been mentioned in this study, frequency of codes showed that performance of nurses and nurse leaders acted as a barrier and have had the most effects on involvement. Meanwhile, despite the obstacles, there are abundant opportunities before nurse leaders to making policies and they should apply them to modify these obstacles.   Keywords: Health System, Involvement, Iran, Nurse Leaders, Policy Making.
Waste energy recovery in window air conditioning system
Authors: Sasidharan R. , Palaniswamy V. , Manibharathi C.R. , Pannerselvam R. , Venkatesan N.
Published: May 2014

Faster, mightier & smaller is still the keyword for every invention and development. In day-to-day world we concentrate on the compactness and efficiency of every product. Keeping this in thought, the Waste Energy Recovery in Window Air conditioning System is designed and fabricated in an economical manner. Human comfort is that condition of mind, which expresses itself with the thermal environment. In this two rival properties of cool water and heat water are obtained. This system can be used continuously. By using this system there is no need of going for a separate air conditioner or water heater and water cooler. As both purposes are served by a single system, the cost is also lowered to a considerable level. Keywords: Waste Energy, Window Air Conditioning System.
Design and fabrication of magnetic shock absorber
Authors: Gopinath S. , Golden Renjith R.J. , Dineshkumar J.
Published: May 2014

In a vehicle, shock absorber reduces the effect of travelling over rough ground, without shock absorber the vehicle would have a bouncing ride, as an energy is stored in the spring and then released to the vehicle, possibly exceeding the allow range of suspension movement [1]. Control of excessive suspension movement without shock absorption requires stiffer springs, which would intern gives a harsh ride. Shock absorber allows the use of soft springs while controlling the rate of suspension movement in response to bumps [2]. In this project a new suspension system based on magnetic power which can be used in automobile in future. The suspension system consists of magnets freely moving inside the cylinder with their same poles facing each other. Since the magnetic poles repel each other while moving closer, the up and down spring action is obtained. Keywords: Suspension System, Magnetic Power, Magnetic Poles.
Identification, development and testing of thermal error compensation model for a headstock assembly of CNC turning centre
Authors: Babu Ramesh , Raja V.Prabhu , Kanchana J. , Krishna Devara Venkata
Published: May 2014

In CNC machine tools, transient temperature variation in the headstock assembly is the major contributors for spindle thermal error. The compensation of thermal error is critical for ensuring the accuracy of machine tool. The performance of an error compensation system depends largely on the accuracy and robustness of the thermal error model. In the present work, a robust thermal error model is developed for minimizing the error in lateral direction of the spindle which significantly influences the geometrical accuracy of the workpiece. Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) is applied to the results of the experiments in determining the percentage contribution of each individual temperature key point against a stated level of confidence. Based on the analysis of existing approaches for thermal error modeling of machine tools, an approach of LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) is proposed in order to avoid the multi collinearity problem. The proposed method is an innovative variable selection method to remove redundant or unimportant temperature key points in the linear thermal error model and minimize the residual sum of squares. The predictive error model is found to have better robustness and accuracy in comparison to the combination of grey correlation and step wise linear regression for error compensation of CNC lathe. Keywords: Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), CNC Machine Tool, Grey Correlation Analysis (GCA), Headstock Assembly, LASSO Regression, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), Robustness, Standard Deviation (SD), Thermal Error.
Seismic evaluation and studying the effect of friction damper
Authors: Miri Mahmood , Kahkeshan Aidin
Published: May 2014

Water elevated tanks are one of the most important tools in supplying water for cities. Due to their damages in previous earthquakes, and the necessity for keeping them in safe and usable condition after earthquakes is obvious. Thus, by making various modeling, their behavior under seismic loading is investigated. Moreover, the pros and cons of dampers are also evaluated. In this thesis, the proposed concrete water tank is modeled under three different earthquakes of Tabas, Northridge and Chichi. Moreover, the damper is located in three various positions. The results are illustrated for different fullness of tanks. Keywords: Seismic Evaluation, Friction Damper, Earthquake.
Culture of missing girls: Anthropological insight in culture, medical technologies and medicine
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Sharma Vibha , Khurana Sarbjeet , Talwar Upmesh
Published: May 2014

This paper illuminates cultural domains wherein we try to locate the causes of missing girls in Punjab. The prevailing cultural constructions of the social structures wherein girls are born in outnumber as compared to boys, but due to latter they continue to diminish since ancient times. It captures on one side the state historical efforts to check it by social legislations during the eighteenth, nineteenth centuries and during the pre & post independent periods. Further on other it links to the efforts of the State government to illuminate how advancement in medical technologies and medicines had been grossly mis/used to determine sex of unborn child and concludes that how these technologies have emerged as the integral parts of culture of Missing girls. Keywords: Missing Girls, Culture, Medical Technology and Demographic Variable.
Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of prostate volume in Sudanese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Alawad Awad , Younis Faisal , Eltoum Abdalla Mahgoub , Abdelgani Sana Azmi
Published: May 2014

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is now recognized as one of the principal medical problems facing the male population in Sudan. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the ability of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to predict prostate volume (PV) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: This is retrospective observational case-detection hospital based study. Eighty medical records of patients with an enlarged prostate attending the urology clinic at University Teaching Hospital were enrolled. This research was conducted in University Charity Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Results: Enrolled patients had a median age of 63.5 years (51 to 94), a mean PSA of 2.94 ng/ mL and a mean PV of 46.96 mL, respectively. There is linear relationship between PSA levels and prostate size. Those with a prostate size of > 40 ml were found to be more likely to have high PSA mean level. PSA mean values were found to be associated with age (P <0.006). Conclusion: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is significantly correlated with prostate volume in Sudanese men. PSA may be a useful tool in making therapeutic decisions and follow-up management in BPH patients. Keywords: Serum Prostate Specific Antigen; Prostate Volume; Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
Chicken gizzards: A study of the prevalence of Salmonella spp.
Authors: Brizio Ana Paula , Anthero Ana Gabriela
Published: May 2014

Despite the large amount of giblets marketed in Brazil, there is currently limited information regarding the hygienic quality of these products. In view of this situation, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp.  in chilled chicken gizzard destined for human consumption. The research was conducted in slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service, located in Rio Grande do Sul state, with a sampling of 48 chilled chicken gizzard samples, which were analyzed for Salmonella spp. through the traditional culture method. All samples tested were negative for the pathogen. Thus, it can be concluded that the chicken giblets analyzed showed satisfactory microbiological quality and do no risk to consumer health.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i2.123
Essential Oils Applied in Food: A Review
Authors: Frutuoso Antonia Elaine , Nascimento Nágila Teotonio do , Lemos Telma Leda Gomes de , Coelho Evando Luis , Teixeira Daniele Maria Alves
Published: May 2014

Foods present an excellent intrinsic composition to the development of microorganisms with broad range of pathogenic species, undesirable for consumer health. Given this reality and seeking new natural techniques for food preservation, the addition of essential oils becomes a potential bio conservation system, capable to extend food shelf life. This paper aims to report what has been researched using essential oils of vegetable origin, their properties and their incorporation as antimicrobial components in food. Essential oils have different bioactive properties such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and fungicide, being from different plant sources, such as Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (Cy), Rosmarinus officinalis L, Ocimum gratissimum L, Eugenia caryophyllata thumb, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness. The essential oils can be obtained by different techniques, being the most used the steam distillation, cold pressing, extraction by organic solvents, high pressure or supercritical CO2. The action mechanism by which the majority of essential oils exerts its antibacterial effect involves the cell wall. Studies increasingly accurate reflect their fundamental importance for the food industry, since there are countless possibilities for integration of these constituents in food products aiming to increase their useful life as well as help to further the ways to establish food safety.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i2.134
Experimental Method to Study the Effects of Fabric Anisotropy on Elastic Shear Modulus of Sand
Authors: Li Bo , Zeng Xiangwu , Ming Haiyan
Published: May 2014

Fabric anisotropy of a granular soil may strongly influence its engineering properties and behavior. This paper presents the results of a new experimental study designed to measure the anisotropic shear moduli by simulating fabric anisotropy. Piezoelectric transducers were used to obtain the elastic shear modulus in vertical, horizontal, and 45° inclined planes (Gvh, Ghh, Gαh) of samples prepared by 0°, 45°, and 90° deposition angles. The measurements show a significant difference of G in these planes in soil samples because of the fabric anisotropy.
Investigation of Critical Factors for Effective Foliar Spray of Agricultural Chemicals
Authors: Zhao Min , Camp Jeff , Liu Lei
Published: May 2014

The use of agricultural chemicals is essential to meeting the increasing food and energy demands of the world's growing population. To reduce environmental impact, maximizing the pesticide application effectiveness in the areas of deposition/retention, spreading, penetration, uptake, and rainfastness becomes one key focus in pesticide formulation development. Scientists in Dow AgroSciences have established in-house capabilities to study the foliar application effectiveness and efficiency of a liquid spray using high speed digital imaging of single droplets on model and real leaf surfaces. Formulation properties, such as surface tension and viscosity, were investigated systematically. The effects of substrate surface, droplet velocity, impact angle, and formulation components on droplet retraction and spreading are reported. The results from the high speed imaging of single droplet retention agreed well with data from green house spray. Our findings provide understanding and guidance for optimization of agrochemical delivery.
PWR Supplemental Surveillance Program
Authors: Hall J. Brian , Server William L. , Hardin Timothy , Burgos Brian N.
Published: May 2014

A pressurized water reactor (PWR) supplemental surveillance program (PSSP) is being designed to provide high-fluence reactor vessel material embrittlement data for the operating U.S. PWRs. Peak reactor pressure vessel (RPV) fluence levels as high as 7 × 1019n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV) will be attained as PWRs operate to 60 years and potentially beyond. Therefore, a need exists to obtain high-fluence PWR surveillance data to validate or revise embrittlement trend correlations (ETC) applicable for the high-fluence regime. Without the availability of high-fluence PWR surveillance data, it may be necessary to use an overly conservative ETC, or an ETC with a high margin at high fluence, which could constrain plant pressure–temperature operating curves, increasing startup and shutdown times and costs or increasing the potential of exceeding the pressurized thermal shock screening limit. The PSSP is designed to supplement data produced by the existing 10 CFR 50 Appendix H surveillance programs. The two proposed PSSP capsules will contain Charpy specimens reconstituted from tested PWR surveillance capsule materials, carefully selected for material type, chemistry, and fluence to optimize future ETC development. These capsules will be inserted into one or two U.S.-based Westinghouse-designed operating nuclear power plants for continued irradiation. The selected host plant(s) have relatively high capsule irradiation flux locations, enabling production of high-fluence data prior to the U.S. plants reaching 60 years of operation. The PSSP capsule irradiation will increase the fluence levels up to 1 × 1020n/cm2 on select groups of reactor vessel materials. This paper describes the basis for the PSSP, plant selection for irradiation, and material selection.
RNA-Guided Genome Editing in Drosophila with the Purified Cas9 Protein
Authors: Lee Jeong-Soo , Kwak Su-Jin , Kim Jungeun , Kim Ae-Kyeong , Noh Hae Min , Kim Jin-Soo , Yu Kweon
Published: May 2014

We report a method for generating Drosophila germline mutants effectively via injection of the complex of the purified Cas9 protein, tracrRNA, and gene-specific crRNAs, which may reduce delayed mutations because of the transient activity of the Cas9 protein, combined with the simple mutation detection in GO founders by the T7E1 assay.
Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia: The Influence of Hazairin's Theory of Bilateral Inheritance
Authors: Cammack Mark
Published: May 2014

This article presents a relatively detailed account of Hazairin's theory that the Qur'an and the Traditions of the Prophet support what he refers to as a bilateral system of Islamic inheritance law. The second part of the article then examines recent developments in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia, and argues that the law is moving, albeit slowly and tentatively, in the direction of an implementation of Hazairin's ideas.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.639
Fiqh, Women and Human Rights: Competing Methodologies
Authors: Ahmad Ajmand
Published: May 2014

This paper attempts to, firstly, examine in some depth various writers' investigations into Islam, women and human rights. Secondly, and more importantly, it attemps provide a clear conceptual framework within which to articulate a foundation for the subject in the future. Such a re-conceptualisation is necessary to anchor future attempts at law reform within an Islamic jurisprudential heritage. By re-locating the debate within the Islamic heritage, any articulation of human rights and Muslim women will have the authority of a fiqh-inspired methodology. For muslim women engaged in the struggle for human rights, such a strategy will be more successful than either employing secular "Western" feminist discourse or by claiming the right to interpret the original Islamic sources whilst ignoring fiqh history, methodology and terminology.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.640
Islamic Contracts of Finance in Malaysia
Authors: Richards Matt
Published: May 2014

This paper explores the legal issues that arise in several of the principal instruments currently used in Islamic financing in Malaysia. Through the document review, it is submitted that these financial instruments consist of English-Malaysian commercial law, albeit set within an Islamic periphery. A consideration of how Islamic law could affect the litigation of these instruments is also undertaken and it is further submitted that given the current statutory and judicial framework of Islamic banking in Malaysia, the effect of Islamic commercial law upon these contracts appears to be morally exhortative, rather than legally enforceable. Finally, it is concluded that Islamic law is presently consigned to the margins of these financial contracts, and the consequences that arise from this conclusion are discussed.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.641
2002 Mount Beauty Workshop on Islam in Indonesia: Report
Authors: Hooker Virginia , Ricklefs M.C.
Published: May 2014

The workshop invited each candidate to present her or his topic to colleagues. There followed debate and discussion about the topics, about conceptual complexities, and about the way in which the research of others shed light on each individual topic. Most of the students were at early stages of research (mostly in the first year of candidature), but three were at final stages (Syafi'i Anwar, Fatimah Husein and Saliy White). One candidate, Mohamad Hafiz, is working on the Syariah Court of Singapore. The discussions were vigorous and of great help to all participants.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.642
Revelation in a Modern nation State: Muhammadiyah and Islamic Legal Reasoning in Indonesia
Authors: Hosen Nadirsyah
Published: May 2014

This article examines the attempt by Muhammadiyah to respond to the issue of returning to the primary sources -the Qur'an and the hadith -to resolve modern problems. The focus will be on the concept, method and source of ijtihad (legal reasoning) used by Muhammadiyah. The author will argue that Muhammadiyah faces several problems in formulating a method to reinterpret the Qur'an and the hadith and these will be critically analysed.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i1.643
Violence under the Banner of Religion: The Case of Laskar Jihad and Laskar Kristus
Authors: Mulyadi Sukidi
Published: May 2014

In the course of its history, religion has had a dual function in plural societies. Many scholars and religious leaders agree that religion has had a role in fostering peace, harmony and civility. However, other scholars see religion as a source of conflict and violence. The latter view is supported by numerous incidents of religious violence around the world. The work of Juergensmeyer for example, clearly shows how violence has occurred and spread under the banners of all religions.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.631
Al-Islām wa Fatānīyūn fī Taylānd: Taḥaddīyat al-Māḍī wa Taṭallu’āt al-Mustaqbal
Authors: Ya'qub A. Ghani
Published: May 2014

This article presents abroad discussion on the history of lslam in Patani. This discussion, which relies heavily on local sources of information, also provides an explanation of the various factors that have influenced the formation of the Patani Muslim community's culture, including social, economic and political elements.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.633
Reinforcing Neo-Sufism in the Malay-Indonesian World: Shaṭṭārīyah Order in West Sumatra
Authors: Fathurahman Oman
Published: May 2014

The article looks at the dynamics and developments in Neo-Sufist teachings from the 19th century until the mid-20th century, using the Shattariyyah order in West Sumatra as a case study. Along with looking at the spread of the Shattariyyah order in West Sumatra by way of Shaikh Burhanuddin Ulakan, a key figure in the order, this discussion will also focus on how Shattariyyah spread in this region, what changes took place in terms of the teachings of neo-Sufism, especially during the later period (19th and 20th centuries), and the nature of the Shattariyyah teacher- student silsilah (genealogy) in West Sumatra.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.623
The Penyengat School: A Review of the Intellectual Tradition in the Malay-Riau Kingdom
Authors: Palawa Alimuddin Hassan
Published: May 2014

The articles in al-Imam strongly influenced its readers not only in Riau, but also in Minangkabau and Malaysia. In response to the cultural background of the traditionalist and conservative Malay community, the magazine voiced the spirit of Islamic reform. For example, one of its contributors, ai-Hadi, stressed the urgency of education and reform for the Malay community, and fought strongly for practices not regarded as everyday Islam. Due to its broad reaching influence, the magazine played a pivotal role in the realization and continuation of religious and intellectual reform in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.624
Al-Shabakah al-Tijārīyah li al-Sulṭanah al-Indūnīsīyah fī Qarn 15-17 M
Authors: Tjandrasasmita Uka
Published: May 2014

This article concerns the trade networks of the lndonesian Sultanates in the 15-78 centuries A.D. The growth and development of the trade networks was closely connected to the process of navigation and the development of sen-routes. Due to the geographical nature of the Indonesian Archipelago, trade networks were developed by people living in the area. Important research into lndonesian history from a socio-economic approach, particularly in relation to trade, has been carried out by J.C. van Leur, O.W. Wolters, Meilink Roelofsz, Rita Rose Di Meglio, amongst others. Their opinions on particular issues have been used to support the historical facts related to the topic of this article.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.625
Niqāt al-Iltiqā’ bayn Madhhad al-Taḥdīth al-Jadīd wa al-Ittijāh al-Taqlīdī al-Mutaṭawwir al-Judhūr al-Ma’rifīyah li Madhhab al-Jawharīyah al-Islāmīyah wa Intishāruhāfī Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Ala Abdul
Published: May 2014

The roots of neos-modernism- a school of thought in Islam that was succesfull in Indonesia in the 1980s-strongly relate to Islamic liberalism. This reality requires us to link recent discussions about liberal Islamic discourse with discussions on neo-modernism.  The issue modernism must be addressed, because it is able to attract the attention of leaders of the Islamic community from various school of thought.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.654
Ma’had Ittiḥād al-Islām (Persis) 1984-1996 wa al-Ta’līm al-Qā’im ‘alā Da’āmah al-Mujtama’
Authors: Suharto Toto
Published: May 2014

This article aims to discuss the educational model and thinking developed by Persis, through discussion of at least three main issues, namely educational ideology, educational curriculum and the institutional form of Persis education.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.655
Islam dan Negara-Bangsa: Melacak Akar-akar Nasionalisme Indonesia
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat
Published: May 2014

In this book, the main focus of discussion is the changes and development in Mulims' way of thinking about their identity. Islam is placed in an important position, with an historio-cultural basis, which is then presented as a strength in the formation of nationalism. The term bilad al-jawah appears as a form of community identity. Bilad al-jawah, also called "the land below wind", was a geographical parameter that referred to the Muslim Archipelago as a community with a strong level of thought, exchange and cultural communication (ecumene).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.656
International Symposium on Archipelago Manuscripts VIII: In Search of Local Islam in Manuscripts
Authors: SUGAHARA Yumi
Published: May 2014

The production of Islamic manuscripts in the Archipelago increased from the 16th century through to the 18th century, particularly when Aceh became the centre of Islamic intellectual activities. A number of well-known 'ulama' came from this region, including Hamzah Fansuri, Shamsuddin al-Sumatrani, Nuruddin al-Raniri and Abdurrauf Singkel, who were extraordinarily productive in writing manuscripts, both for teaching and learning, and for other purposes. This manuscript writing tradition in Aceh then spread to a number of other areas in the Archipelago, such as Sulawesi, Java, and others. As a result, many Iocal manuscripts cat be found in these areas, which store knowledge specifically related to that area.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i2.621
The Struggle for Recognition: Embracing the Islamic Welfare Effort in Indonesian Welfare System
Authors: Abbas Sirojudin
Published: May 2014

This article traces the struggle of Indonesian Muslims to integrate Islam welfare programs into the statutory social welfare policy and provisions in Indonesia. Indonesia Muslims have gone through a long process of political struggle and negotiation to be able to embrace religious based social welfare programs as one element of a pluralistic social welfare system. The enactment of Law number 38/1999 on zakat administration and its utilization of Islamic welfare purposes signifies the formal accomodation of Islamic welfare effort into social welfare policies in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.645
The Masyumi Legacy: Between Islamist Idealism and Political Exigency
Authors: Fealy Greg , Platzdasch Bernhard
Published: May 2014

Masyumi's name and symbol have an enduring appeal, particulary to modernist Muslims. Althougt the party was disbanded in 1960, Muslims intellectuals, activitis and politiciants continue to invoke its name and identify themselves as being part of the Masyumi heritage. For example, no less than four parties at the 1999 general elections used symbols based on Masyumi's bulan bintang (crecent moon and star) logo and they jostled among themselves for recognation as the party most representative of Masyumi values and tradition. Many of these modernist felt bound by an associative spirit to the masyumi 'family', which was commonly referred to as the Keluarga Bulan Bintang (Crescent Moon and Star Family).DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.646
Islam Jawa: Antara Holisme dan Individualisme
Authors: AG. Muhaimin
Published: May 2014

this book is a continuation of the writer's previous work, From Cosmogony to Exorcism in a Javanese Genesis; the Spirit Seed (2000), in which he discussed how mythological beliefs regarding the origin and creation of the world pleyed an important role in the social and religious lives of the Javanese. These mythological beliefs constituted the basis of the formation of both social relations within the Javanese community, as well as the ritual practices of the Javanese in seeking fortune and safety (slametan)DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.649
The 45th Muhammadiyah Congress Contest between Literal-Conservative and Liberal-Moderate Muslims in Indonesia
Authors: Burhani Ahmad Najib
Published: May 2014

Muhammadiyah's 45 Congress, held in Malang, East Java July 3-8, 2005, saw the inauguration of the thirteen new high officials for the Board of Muhammadiyah for the 2005-2010 term. the congress also swore in Muhammadiyah's new leader, Professor Din Syamsuddin. The elections for the second largest Muslim organization in Indonesia were not, however, the focus of this congress. the primary issue of concern was on how this organization would prepare itself to develop futher after one century of existence in Indonesia. the theme of the congress was "Movement for Enlightenment" This congress is projected to be a stepping-stone for the resurgence (kebangkitan) of the organization, which was first established in Jogjakarta in 1912DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.650
The Thoughts and Religious Understanding of Shaikh Ahmad al-Mutamakkin
Authors: Bizawie Zainul Milal
Published: May 2014

This paper will assist in filling a gap in the knowledge, as well as invite historians to trace it further. This study is therefore important because it contains an approach that is different, but is the result of studies of Islam in South East Asia, especially of the network of ulama in the 17thand 18th centuries. This study concentrates on textual analysis of the work of al-Mutamakkin, Arsh al Muwahhidin. This work of course is not systematically kept, as it obviously was not intended as a holy book. To produce a map of the thinking and religious understanding of al-Mutamakkin, in this study the author uses an approach that has been offered by Muhammad Abed al Jabiri, namely a structuralist method, historical analysis (the socio-political setting), and critical ideology enhanced by anthropological analysis.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.673
Another Race between Islam and Christianity: The Case of Flores, Southeast Indonesia, 1900-1920
Authors: Steenbrink Karel
Published: May 2014

Islam and Christianity arrived in the south-eastern islands of the Indonesian archipelago in two waves. The first wave started in about 1480 with the arrival of Arab and Indian (Gujerati) traders in the spice islands of the Northern Moluccas: particularly in Ternate and Tidore. They arrived through the island of Flores, and probably very quickly moved across to the island of Timor as well, to engage in trade in sandalwood, horses and slaves. In south-east Indonesia, as in most regions of the archipelago, the arrival of Islam occurred somewhat earlier than the coming of the first Christians. At that time, the two main centers of trade in south-east Indonesia, which also became centers for the new religions, were the islands of Solor and Ende.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.674
On Being a Marxist Muslim: Reading Hasan Raid's Autobiography
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan
Published: May 2014

In his recently published book, Clive Christie argues that Socialism, Marxism and Communism played a crucial role as weapons for Southeast Asian leaders in their fight against colonialism and as frameworks for them to run the newly independent nations. He also realizes that other ideologies such as those based on religion, which were older in terms of their coming into the region than the above-mentioned Western-originated ideologies, especially Islam in the Malay world and Confucianism and Buddhism in the Indo-China and Burma, also played a similarly important role. However, he provides only a dim analysis of the extremely intricate relationship between these types of ideology, especially between Marxism and Islam in the thought of leaders of movements such as the Islamic Union (Sarekat Islam or SI) in the then Dutch East Indies. Most probably for reasons of space, he makes only a slight, insignificant reference to SI.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.675
The Challenge of Democracy in the Muslim World
Authors: Darmadi Dadi
Published: May 2014

Is it true that in the Muslim world the more Islamic a country is the less likely it is to be democratic? This type of question may sound empirical data produced by the Freedom House (2001) discloses this tendency. Out of 47 countries in the world with Muslim majorities, only 11 (or 23 per cent) can be regarded as haring truly adopted-democracy and have gone through a relatively stable period of the-consolidation of democracy. Meanwhile, in the non-Muslim world, 110 out of 145 countries (more than 75 per cent) have democratically elected governments. We may draw the conclusion from this data that in the non-Muslim world, a country is three times more likely to be democratic than one in the Muslim world.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i1.679
Javanese Islam: The Flow of Creed
Authors: Jamhari Jamhari
Published: May 2014

In this article, popular Islam meaning Islam that is practiced and interpreted in accordance with local context is considered to be "the true Islam". To reach this ultimate religious goal, one may proceed through various ways of understanding Islam. These differences may indicate the level of religious understanding one has reached. On the other hand, they may demonstrate the many ways to grasp the truth of religious understanding. The emergence of various religious orientations with their different ways of understanding Islam indicates the ongoing process connecting Islam in Java with the wider context of Islam as a whole. This means that the different interpretations in Java are part of the global debate in Islam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.665
Phaeochromocytomás krízisben végzett acut laparoscopos adrenalectomia
Authors: Bereczky Bíborka , Madách Krisztina , Gál János , István Gábor , Sugár István , Ondrejka Pál , Vörös Attila
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

Esetismertetés: A szerzők egy 30 éves nőbeteg esetét mutatják be, akinek intenzív osztályos felvételére hypertoniás krízist kísérő mellkasi panaszok, cardialis decompensatio, progrediáló acut légzési elégtelenség és tudatzavar miatt került sor. A gyors kivizsgálás mellett azonnal megkezdett intenzív terápia ellenére a felvételt követő harmadik napra többszervi elégtelenség képe alakult ki. Miután a kórkép kialakulása a bal oldali mellékvese térfoglaló folyamatára volt visszavezethető, a multidiszciplináris konzílium acut laparoscopos adrenalectomia végzése mellett foglalt állást. Az eltávolított képlet szövettani diagnózisa phaeochromocytoma volt. A postoperativ időszakban a beteg állapota fokozatosan javult, tünetei, panaszai regrediáltak, majd gyógyultan távozott. Megbeszélés: A phaeochromocytoma diagnózisa nehéz feladat, az általa kiváltott tünetek és panaszok sok egyéb kórképre is utalhatnak. Az acut phaeochromocytomás krízis általában belgyógyászati, intenzív terápiás eszközökkel uralható. A súlyos, többszervi elégtelenséghez vezető esetekben indokolt az acut műtéti beavatkozás. Az ilyen beavatkozások rizikója igen magas, de korrekt intra- és postoperativ észleléssel, megfelelő intenzív terápiával a laparoscopos műtét ezekben az esetekben választható megoldás lehet.
Melanoma malignum nyelőcső-metastasisának operált esete
Authors: Dubóczki Zsolt , Lóránd Ágnes , Zs. Tóth Endre , Plótár Vanda , Liszkay Gabriella , Mészáros Péter , Vörös Attila
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

Melanoma malignum solitaer nyelőcsőáttétjének sikeresen operált esetét ismertetjük. 13 évvel a primaer tumor kimetszése után progresszív nyelészavar hátterében a nyelőcső felső harmadában melanoma malignumot igazoltunk. Stagingvizsgálatok alapján az elváltozás solitaernek bizonyult. Transhiatalis oesophagectomiát végeztünk gyomorpótlással, nyaki anastomosissal. A szövettani vizsgálat metastaticus melanomát talált. A beteg szövődménymentesen gyógyult, majd adjuváns dacarbazinkezelésben részesült. 18 hónappal a műtét után a beteg panasz- és daganatmentes.
Felnőttkori necrotizáló enterocolitis – Esettanulmány
Authors: Pelsőczi Gergely Dávid , Kári Dániel , Kesserű Balázs , Lovay Zoltán , Polányi Csaba , Bohák Ágnes , Baráth Judit , Ender Ferenc , Ecsedy Gábor , Vörös Attila
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

A felnőttkori necrotizáló enterocolitis (adult necrotizing enterocolitis – ANEC) gyakran fatális kimenetelű, fulmináns lefolyást mutató tünetegyüttes, amelyet segmentalisan kialakuló bélelhalás jellemez. A Bell-féle súlyossági beosztás alapján hármas stádiumba tartozó betegüknél a szerzők necrotizáló enterocolitis miatt ismételt műtéteket és vékonybél resectiókat végeztek. Az eltávolított bél szövettani vizsgálata a mucosából kiinduló intestinalis necrosist mutatott, a mesenterialis erek obstructiója nélkül. Az ötödik beavatkozás után a tápcsatorna folytonosságát a megmaradt 30 cm-es terminalis ileum és a duodenum leszálló szára között készített anastomosissal állították helyre. A fent ismertetett, irodalmi ritkaságnak számító kórképben szenvedő súlyos beteg minden várakozást felülmúlva 30 cm-es vékonybéllel szinte teljes életet él gastroenterologiai gondozás mellett.
Photocatalytic effect of SrZnO2 thin films
Authors: Okamoto Tohru , Ogita Taro , Harako Susumu , Komuro Shuji , Zhao Xinwei
Published: May 2014

The SrZnO2 thin films were fabricated by using laser ablation method. The films were annealed after deposition in order to improve the crystallinity. Water splitting experiments were carried out and hydrogen production over the SrZnO2 thin films were confirmed with no applied bias. The band gap of SrZnO2 was 3.41 eV which is 0.15 eV larger than that of ZnO. It suggests that the band gap was increased by doping Sr to ZnO, and the reducibility was improved. As a result, the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production over the SrZnO2 was increased compared to ZnO.
Growth of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays using Porous Anodic Alumina Templates
Authors: Shoja A. , Nourmohammadi A. , Feiz M. H.
Published: May 2014

The aim of this research study is to produce high quality TiO2 nanotube arrays. It is shown that sol-gel electrophoresis is a suitable one to obtain vast-area TiO2 nanotube arrays when nanoporous alumina templates are used. To fabricate TiO2 nanotube arrays, alumina templates were produced via a two-step anodizing by a homemade anodizing cell using high purity phosphoric acid as the electrolyte with aluminum and platinum as electrodes. The semiconductor behavior of these templates can also be employed when producing conducting substrates for the grown TiO2 nanotubes. Stabilized titanium sol was prepared by modified hydrolysis of the titanium precursor using acetic acid. In order to produce TiO2 nanotube arrays, the template pores were filled with the precursor sol by applying a DC electric field. Then, the filled template was heat treated to crystallize the desired TiO2 phase. Scanning electron microscopy of TiO2 nanotube arrays showed that the nanotubes have been deposited in the channels of the nanoporous alumina template. X-ray diffraction data confirmed phase structure and composition of TiO2 nanotube arrays after heat treatment. To reach pure anatase phase, the samples were heated at 320°C and 400°C for two hours. To obtain pure rutile phase, the samples were heated at 320°C and 750°C for two hours.
Raman and Photoluminescence Spectroscopic Study of 1-Undecene Functionalized Nanodiamonds
Authors: Astuti Y. , Poolton N. R. J. , Šiller L.
Published: May 2014

Nanodiamond holds great interest in a variety of optical applications, the properties being correlated with surface modification, and the presence of both impurities and defects (contained either on their surface or within the crystal structure). Undecyl-nanodiamond produced by attachment of 1-undecene onto the nanodiamond surface could be a good candidate as a luminescent marker in the future; therefore, understanding of its optical properties is essential. In this work, the optical properties of the acid-purified nanodiamond and undecyl-nanodiamond were characterised using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the characteristic diamond Raman signal at 1330 cm-1 was still observed after chemical surface modification, while the signal at ∼1600 cm-1 (attributed to graphite bands) disappeared after the modification. Broad photoluminescence emission is detected in the range 1.5-2.5 eV (500-800 nm), as typically found for isolated nanodiamond; these emission bands became narrower with attachment of 1-undecene as compared to the sample without surface functionalisation. The observed emission could be related to structural disorder on the nanodiamond surface. The temperature dependence of the intensity, peak position and band widths of each sample has been characterised.
Photon Management for Near-Total Solar Absorption in Hematite Photoanodes
Authors: Wang Ken Xingze , Yu Zongfu , Liu Victor , Brongersma Mark L. , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Fan Shanhui
Published: May 2014

Using first-principles full-field electromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that near-perfect above-band-gap solar absorption can be achieved in nanostructured, ultra-thin-film iron oxide photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In our designed core-shell nanocone structures, all regions of hematite (α-iron oxide) are away from the interface between hematite and water by a minimum distance of less than the hole diffusion length in hematite, which is assumed to be no greater than 20nm. The optical absorption in our structure corresponds to a photocurrent density of 12.5mA/cm2 if one assumes an air mass 1.5 solar spectrum and a unity absorbed photon-to-current efficiency (APCE) for all wavelengths in that spectrum. Our photon management strategy eliminates the trade-off between optical absorption and carrier collection as commonly found in conventional designs of PEC cells, and variants of the strategy are generally applicable to other material systems.