bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating depression care within NCD provision in Bangladesh and Pakistan: a qualitative study
Authors: Wright Jerome , Mazumdar Papiya , Barua Deepa , Lina Silwa , Bibi Humaira , Kanwal Ateeqa , Mujeeb Faiza , Naz Qirat , Safi Rahim , Ul Haq Baha , Rana Rusham Zahra , Nahar Papreen , Jennings Hannah , Sikander Siham , Huque Rumana , Nizami Asad , Jackson Cath ,   the NIHR Global Health Research Group, IMPACT
Published: August 2020

Background

Co-morbidity of depression with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worsens clinical outcomes for both conditions. Low- and middle-income countries need to strengthen mechanisms for detection and management of co-morbid depression within NCDs. The Behavioural Activation for Comorbid Depression in Non-communicable Disease (BEACON) study explored the acceptability and feasibility of integrating a brief depression intervention (behavioural activation, BA) into NCD services in healthcare facilities in Bangladesh and Pakistan.

Methods

Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 43 patients and 18 health workers attending or working in NCD centres in four healthcare facilities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and with three policy makers in each country. The interviews addressed four research questions (1) how NCD care is delivered, (2) how NCD patients experience distress, (3) how depression care is integrated within NCD provision, and (4) the challenges and opportunities for integrating a brief depression intervention into usual NCD care. The data were analysed using framework analysis, organised by capability, opportunity and motivation factors, cross-synthesised across countries and participant groups.

Results

Patients and health workers described NCD centres as crowded and time pressured, with waiting times as long as five hours, and consultation times as short as five minutes; resulting in some patient frustration. They did not perceive direct links between their distress and their NCD conditions, instead describing worries about family and finance including affordability of NCD services. Health worker and policy maker accounts suggested these NCD centres lacked preparedness for treating depression in the absence of specific guidelines, standard screening tools, recording systems or training. Barriers and drivers to integrating a brief depression intervention reflected capability, opportunity and motivation factors for all participant groups. While generally valuing the purpose, significant challenges included the busy hospital environment, skill deficits and different conceptions of depression.

Conclusions

Given current resource constraints and priorities, integrating a brief psychological intervention at these NCD centres appears premature. An opportune first step calls for responding to patients’ expressed concerns on service gaps in provisioning steady and affordable NCD care. Acknowledging differences of conceptions of depression and strengthening psychologically informed NCD care will in turn be required before the introduction of a specific psychological intervention such as BA.
Tumor-suppressor miRNA-27b-5p regulates the growth and metastatic behaviors of ovarian carcinoma cells by targeting CXCL1
Authors: Liu Chun Hua , Jing Xue Ning , Liu Xiao Lan , Qin Shan Yong , Liu Min Wei , Hou Chun Hong
Published: August 2020

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial functions in the progression of ovarian cancer. MicroRNA-27b-5p (miR-27b-5p) has been identified as a cancer-associated miRNA. Nevertheless, the expression profile of miR-27b-5p and its functions in ovarian cancer are unexplored.

Methods

qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the levels of miR-27b-5p and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1). The impact of miR-27b-5p on ovarian cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound healing and Transwell, respectively. The expression of matrix metalloprotein-2/9 (MMP-2/9) were measured using immunofluorescence staining. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis were used to predict the target of miR-27b-5p. The growth of ovarian cancer cells in vivo was evaluated using transplanted tumor model.

Results

Here, we demonstrated that miR-27b-5p was downregulated in ovarian carcinoma cells and clinical specimens. Higher expression of miR-27b-5p was associated with an unfavorable overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Upregulation of miR-27b-5p decreased the viability, migration ability and invasion capacity of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell. MiR-27b-5p also inhibited the growth of SKOV3 cell in nude mice. Additionally, we verified that CXCL1 was a target of miR-27b-5p in ovarian carcinoma cells. Restoring the expression of CXCL1 abolished the inhibitory impacts of miR-27b-5p in ovarian cancer carcinoma cells.

Conclusion

This research revealed that miR-27b-5p restrained the progression of ovarian carcinoma possibly via targeting CXCL1.
Transcriptomic analyses reveal the expression and regulation of genes associated with resistance to early leaf spot in peanut
Authors: Gong Limin , Han Suoyi , Yuan Mei , Ma Xingli , Hagan Austin , He Guohao
Published: August 2020

Objective

Early leaf spot (ELS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola (Hori) is a serious foliar disease in peanut worldwide, which causes considerable reduction of yield. Identification of resistance genes is important for both conventional and molecular breeding. Few resistance genes have been identified and the mechanism of defense responses to this pathogen remains unknown.

Results

We detected several genes involved in disease resistance to ELS through transcriptome analysis. Using RNA-seq technology, one hundred thirty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between resistant and susceptible lines. Among these DEGs, coiled coil-nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NLR) type resistance genes were identified as duplicated R genes on the chromosome B2. Peanut phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4) regulator of effector-triggered immunity mediated by NLR resistance proteins and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes play important roles in early leaf spot resistance. Our study provides the useful information on plant response to C. arachidicola infection in peanut. The results suggest that a few major genes and several factors mediate the resistance to ELS disease, showing the characteristics of quantitative trait in defense responses.
Physical exercise among radiologists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Gadeeb Mohammed , Hassan Ali , Al Dandan Omran , Al Shammari Malak , Kalalah Mawaheb , Zabeeri Najwa , Farea Abdulaziz , Gari Danya , Alsaif Hind S.
Published: August 2020

Background

The practice of clinical radiology has become more sedentary in the era of the Picture Archiving and Communication System. Physical inactivity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of physical exercises among radiologists in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and the association between physical exercises and the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Methods

An online survey was sent to radiologists in all hospitals (academic, public, and private) in the major cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It covered information about demographic characteristics and the frequency and pattern of physical exercises. It also included an evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. This survey of 263 radiologists was conducted in April 2019. The study outcome was the presence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region which restricted the performance of normal activities within the last 12 months. The study results were analyzed descriptively using the Chi-square test.

Results

The survey was completed by 198 participants (111 men and 87 women) with a response rate of 75.3%. Most participants (71.2%) were less than 40 years. Eighty-three men (74.8%) did a physical exercise at least weekly, compared to 45 (51.7%) women. Men were more likely to engage in various physical exercises than women. Overall, 60.9% of participants who did not do any physical exercise regularly (less than monthly) reported having disabling neck pain. This figure was found lower among participants who did physical exercises monthly (45.8%) or at least weekly (32.8%). A similar pattern was observed with shoulder pain, with 45.7% found in participants who did not exercise and only 25.8% in those engaging in physical activities at least weekly.

Conclusions

Physical inactivity is common among radiologists, especially female ones, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The physical inactivity was significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Gender-specific health promotion programs are needed to mitigate the negative health outcomes due to the sedentary nature of the radiology current practice.
Experiences of patients with anorexia nervosa during the transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services
Authors: Lockertsen Veronica , Nilsen Liv , Holm Lill Ann Wellhaven , Rø Øyvind , Burger Linn May , Røssberg Jan Ivar
Published: August 2020

Background

The transition between the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and the Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is identified as an especially critical time for the continuity of care for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, research on this topic is scarce. In the present study, we explore the patients’ experiences of the transition between CAMHS and AMHS.

Methods

A qualitative explorative study was carried out based on recorded interviews from one multi-step focus group and six individual interviews with patients who experienced the transition from CAMHS to AHMS in Norway. This study is service user-initiated, meaning service users were involved in all steps of the research process.

Results

The adolescents’ experiences are characterized by four overall themes regarding the transition process between CAMHS and AMHS: (1) “Being unprepared and alone in the transition process” describes how a lack of preparation for the transition between CAMHS and AMHS makes them feel alone and increases stress. (2) “It takes time to create a trusting relationship” describes how time influences patients’ trust in therapists and motivation for treatment. (3) “We are not all the same” describes how adolescents develop differently but are not treated differently despite their diverse ability to be self-sufficient. (4) “How they see me and treat me affects my hope for the future” describes the interaction between adolescents and therapists.

Conclusions

Acknowledging the patients’ needs during the transition period and considering their readiness for the transition is important. Taking into account the four dimensions described in the present study might improve the transition process and enhance the patients’ self-sufficiency and maturity.
Development of platinum strain gauge based on Ni-Co metal substrate for smart catheter application
Authors: Kim Yunho , Kim Jajin , Kim Yongdae
Published: August 2020

Rapid diagnosis and treatment are required when blood clots build up in a blood vessel and clog up the vessel. This study proposes novel smart catheters that can simultaneously diagnose and treat blood vessel disease. This quick treatment increases survival probability and can prevent various complications. In the design of the smart catheters, Pt strain gauges can be used to measure the inside diameter of the vessel. This paper proposes a new fabrication process of the Pt strain gauges based on metal substrates made of Ni and Co alloy (referred to as “Ni-Co” in this paper). In the fabrication process, a Ni-Co thin film was deposited onto a silicon carrier wafer by electroplating and patterned into individual shapes by a liftoff process. Then, a multilayered Pt strain gauge consisting of insulation, adhesive layers, and Pt metallization was formed on the Ni-Co flexible substrate. Subsequently, the Pt strain gauges were peeled off from the carrier wafer by a new release process. To evaluate the performance of the strain gauges in terms of gauge factor and nonlinearity, tensile and compression tests were conducted by attaching Pt strain gauges to the constant stress beam.
Endocytosis frustration potentiates compression-induced receptor signalling
Authors: Baschieri Francesco , Le Devedec Dahiana , Tettarasar Samuel , Elkhatib Nadia , Montagnac Guillaume
Published: August 2020

Cells experience mechanical stresses in different physiological and pathological settings. Clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) are sensitive to such perturbations in a way that often results in a mechanical impairment of endocytic budding. Compressive stress is a mechanical perturbation that leads to increased membrane tension and promotes proliferative signals. Here, we report that compression leads to CCSs frustration and that CCSs are required to potentiate receptor-mediated signaling in these conditions. We show that cell compression stalled CCSs dynamics and slowed down the dynamic exchange of CCSs building blocks. As previously reported, compression-induced paracrine activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the primary cause of ERK activation in these conditions. We observed that the EGFR was efficiently recruited at CCSs upon compression and that CCSs were required for full ERK activation. In addition, we demonstrated that compression-induced frustrated CCSs could also increase ligand-dependent signaling of other receptors. We thus propose that CCS frustration resulting from mechanical perturbations can potentiate signaling through different receptors with potential important consequences on cell adaptation to its environment.
Extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycan-binding lectins orchestrate trans-synaptic signaling
Authors: Rushton Emma , Kopke Danielle L. , Broadie Kendal
Published: August 2020

The exceedingly narrow synaptic cleft (<20 nm) and adjacent perisynaptic extracellular space contain an astonishing array of secreted and membrane-anchored glycoproteins. A number of these extracellular molecules regulate intercellular trans-synaptic signaling by binding to ligands, acting as co-receptors or modulating ligand–receptor interactions. Recent work has greatly expanded our understanding of extracellular proteoglycan and glycan-binding lectin families as key regulators of intercellular signaling at the synapse. These secreted proteins act to regulate the compartmentalization of glycoprotein ligands and receptors, crosslink dynamic extracellular and cell surface lattices, modulate both exocytosis and endocytosis vesicle cycling, and control postsynaptic receptor trafficking. Here, we focus closely on the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model synapse for understanding extracellular roles of the many heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and lectin proteins that help determine synaptic architecture and neurotransmission strength. We particularly concentrate on the roles of extracellular HSPGs and lectins in controlling trans-synaptic signaling, especially that mediated by the Wnt and BMP pathways. These signaling mechanisms are causally linked to a wide spectrum of neurological disease states that impair coordinated movement and cognitive functions.
Toolkit of methodological resources to conduct systematic reviews
Authors: Roqué Marta , Martínez-García Laura , Solà Ivan , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bonfill Xavier , Zamora Javier
Published: August 2020

Background: Systematic reviews (SR) can be classified by type depending on the research question they are based on. This work identifies and describes the most relevant methodological resources to conduct high-quality reviews that answer health care questions regarding prevalence, prognosis, diagnostic accuracy and effects of interventions.

Methods: Methodological resources have been identified from literature searches and consulting guidelines from institutions that develop SRs. The selected resources are organized by type of SR, and stage of development of the review (formulation of the research question, development of the protocol, literature search, risk of bias assessment, synthesis of findings, assessment of the quality of evidence, and report of SR results and conclusions).

Results: Although the different types of SRs are developed following the same steps, each SR type requires specific methods, differing in characteristics and complexity. The extent of methodological development varies by type of SR, with more solid guidelines available for diagnostic accuracy and effects of interventions SRs.

This methodological toolkit describes the most up-to-date risk of bias instruments: Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool and Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) for prognostic SRs, Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool (QUADAS-2) for diagnostic accuracy SRs, Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB-2) and Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions studies tool (ROBINS-I) for effects of interventions SRs, as well as the latest developments on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Conclusions: This structured compilation of the best methodological resources for each type of SR may prove to be a very useful tool for those researchers that wish to develop SRs or conduct methodological research works on SRs
Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames
Authors: Vidgop Alexander Jonathan , Norton Nelly , Rosenberg Nechama , Haguel-Spitzberg Malka , Fouxon Itzhak
Published: August 2020

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.
Respiratory system
Authors: Matthews Barry , Sumera Kacper
Published: August 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula.

This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles.

This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the respiratory system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
A ‘think aloud’ exercise to develop self-awareness of clinical reasoning in students
Authors: Downs Simon , Halls Amy
Published: August 2020

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the ‘think aloud’ teaching exercise's ability to develop clinical reasoning skills of student paramedics, and to ascertain its feasibility as an ongoing method to enhance clinical reasoning teaching and potentially alleviate problems around applying theoretical learning to practice.

Methods:

A qualitative approach was taken to seek the opinions and experiences of students taking part in the activity to determine levels of enjoyment, how relatable it was to students, and awareness of the skills it was intended to develop. Data collected via an online survey tool were analysed to identify themes and comments.

Findings:

Student enjoyment and engagement were evident, and the exercise permitted independence of thought and working, promoting self-appraisal among students of the effectiveness of the working strategy.

Conclusion:

The results of this case study indicate that the think aloud exercise could be effective in developing students' clinical reasoning skills. It complements established teaching strategies, such as core lectures, seminars and supervised practice.
Child public health part 1: strategies for health
Authors: Robinson Simon
Published: August 2020

Child public health is an area that focuses on child health outcomes that can have an impact through the life course. This article briefly explores some key concepts such as public health strategies and the potential role of paramedics in improving child health. The following articles in this series will delve further into the impact of paramedic practice on the three main elements of child public health: prevention, promotion and protection.
Investigation of Quality and Cooking Traits Diversity in a Global Common Bean Germplasm
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Azhar , Çilesiz Yeter , Ali Fawad , Baloch Faheem Shehzad , Karaköy Tolga
Published: August 2020

Common bean is a nutrient?dense food legume serving a source of food for millions of people all over the world. Quality and cooking traits are considered important criteria for the success and appealability of any crop cultivars to the end-users. In this study, we aimed to explore the cooking and quality-related traits diversity in a world common bean germplasm originated from 10 countries of world. A good range of variations were observed for all studied traits and mean fat, starch and fiber contents were 1.65 %, 42.96% and 9.23%, respectively. Genotype-140 reflected higher swelling capacity, swelling index, hydration capacity, hydration index, seed density and lesser cooking time. Correlation analysis was performed and hydration capacity showed highly significant and positive correlation with hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and 1st five PCs accounted a total of 78.14% variations. Biplot analysis resulted a total of 51.01% variations and studied germplasm was divided on the basis of cooking and quality traits. Constellation plot divided the studied germplasm into two main clustered A and B on the basis of moisture, swelling capacity, seed density and cooking time. Genotype-39 and genotype-20 were found distant for fat contents, while genotype-24 and genotype-120 for starch contents. Therefore, these genotypes are recommended as parents for common bean breeding regarding fat and starch contents. Moreover, genotype-140 showed minimum cooking time, it should be also used as a candidate parent to develop common bean cultivars requiring lesser cooking time to save time and energy. We believe that results presented herein will be very helpful for common bean breeding community interested in quality and cooking traits.
Bone scan with SPECT/CT in children with complex foot and ankle pain: Initial experience of a paediatric tertiary referral centre
Authors: Yeats James C. , Rahbek Ole , Griffith Nigel , Easty Marina , Biassoni Lorenzo , Eastwood Deborah M.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study was designed to review the diagnostic yield of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in children with complex foot/ankle pain.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 33 patients with complex foot and ankle pain referred for SPECT/CT (36 scans) performed between 1st September 2009 to 30th September 2019. All patients had foot and ankle radiographs and 18 out of 33 patients had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to SPECT/CT. The diagnostic contribution of SPECT/CT was established at the time of the scan during a multi-disciplinary team meeting.

Results

The patients’ mean age was 13.4 years (range six to 16.5 years) and 58% were female. In total, 18 patients had undergone previous surgical treatment. SPECT/CT was found to have decisive clinical value compared with radiographs and CT/MRI in 28 out of 36 cases. In ten patients it prompted surgical management (coalition excision, arthrodesis), in seven patients it redirected conservative management, in six patients it excluded other pathology and in five patients it showed additional/unexpected focal areas of mechanical stress, thus avoiding surgery. When compared with MRI, SPECT/CT added further clinical information in 13 out of 18 cases. SPECT/CT added decisive clinical value in five out of five patients with accessory ossicles, eight out of nine patients with tarsal coalition, five out of seven patients with surgically treated Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) and four out of five patients with neuromuscular feet. In eight out of 36 cases SPECT/CT confirmed the diagnosis without adding significant information.

Conclusions

SPECT/CT can identify foci of active mechanical stress at cortical bone level in children with unexplained complex foot and ankle pain, particularly in the multiply operated foot, accessory ossicles and tarsal coalitions.

Level of Evidence

IV
Predicting the Future Competence Needs in Working Life: Didactical Implications for VET
Authors: Sylte Ann Lisa
Published: August 2020

Context: Two major challenges in professional and vocational education (VET) are low levels of relevance and coherence between the content of the educational program and developing competence in working life. This article is based on an action research project, conducted as a series of experiments at vocational upper secondary schools and during the basic course for postgraduate certificate teaching in professional education for professional educators in Norway. It was carried out with a focus on job-related professional education to meet these challenges. The project is based on a pragmatic theoretical perspective in professional didactical teaching.Methods: The action research included experiments, observations, evaluations, qualitative questionnaires and interviews.Findings: The results show empirical examples of didactical principles in job-related professional education; the core of these being the analysis of work tasks and work practice as a basis for curricula analysis and planning of teaching and assessing. This includes job-related planning of content, teaching and assessment according to comprehensive professional competence. The results also show challenges linked to job-related professional education.Conclusions: The overall results show a need for the development of professional didactical teaching competencies that focus on job-related professional education, to meet the future needs for competence in work life.
Universal parameter to describe the reduction of refraction effects in the scattering of absorbing spheres
Authors: Maughan Justin B. , Sorensen Christopher M.
Published: August 2020

The scattered intensity from large spheres with a real part of the
refractive index of

n
=
1.33
,
1.5
,
2.0

is investigated as the radius

R

and an imaginary part of the
refractive index

κ

are varied. It is shown that the
product of

κ

and the size parameter

k
R

,

κ

kR

, is a universal parameter describing
the quenching of the refraction phenomenon of the scattered light: the
refraction hump, the generalized rainbows, and the glory. The physical
reason for this is that

κ

kR

is the inverse of the relative skin
depth of light penetration into the sphere, which is demonstrated by
calculations of the internal fields that darken universally as

κ

kR

increases.
Light trapping in solar cells: simple design rules to maximize absorption
Authors: Li Kezheng , Haque Sirazul , Martins Augusto , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Mendes Manuel J. , Schuster Christian S.
Published: August 2020

Solar cells can strongly benefit from optical strategies capable of providing the desired broadband absorption of sunlight and consequent high conversion efficiency. While many diffractive light-trapping structures prove high absorption enhancements, their industrial application rather depends on simplicity concerning the integration to the solar cell concept and the process technology. Here, we show how simple grating lines can perform as well as advanced light-trapping designs. We use a shallow and periodic grating as the basic element of a quasi-random structure, which is highly suitable for industrial mass production. Its checkerboard arrangement breaks the mirror symmetry and is shown, for instance, to enhance the bulk current of a 1 µm slab of crystalline silicon by 125%. We explain its excellent performance by drawing a direct link between a structure’s Fourier series and the implied photocurrent, derived from a large and diverse set of structures. Our design rule thus meets all relevant aspects of light-trapping for solar cells, clearing the way for simple, practical, and yet outstanding diffractive structures, with a potential impact beyond photonic applications.
The Sausage of the Future, Carolien Niebling (2017)
Authors: Hu Ray
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Sausage of the Future, Carolien Niebling (2017)

Zürich: Lars Müller Publishers, 156 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03778-548-5, p/bk, €28
Community media in the United States: Fostering pluralism and inclusivity in challenging times
Authors: Huntsberger Michael W.
Published: August 2020

For most Americans, public service media (PSM) are synonymous with National Public Radio for radio and audio and Public Broadcasting Service for television and video. However, these national services do not fully circumscribe the PSM sphere in the United States. US community media are non-commercial, locally controlled outlets that produce content intended for local audiences, most often focused on local concerns associated with housing, education, government and the arts. This study provides an overview of the present state of community media in the United States. It draws on a variety of sources, including data from the industry, and from the professional press, as well as a series of extensive informational interviews with community media leaders around the United States. The subjects include representatives from community radio and community television outlets that serve urban, suburban and rural markets. After compiling and analysing the quantitative and qualitative data, several key indicators emerge that help to describe the current state of community media in the United States and point towards challenges and opportunities ahead for the sector.
Postinfectious Autoimmune Hepatitis-Induced Liver Failure: A Consequence of Hepatitis A Virus Infection
Authors: Subramanian Sruthi Kapliyil , Patel Jigar M. , Younes Mamoun , Nevah Rubin Moises I.
Published: August 2020

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated hepatic pathology of unclear etiology. The mechanisms initiating and driving autoimmune inflammation of the liver and the loss of hepatic tolerance are still elusive. Several studies have documented the involvement of genetic factors and triggering agents such as toxic injury, treatment with immune-modifying drugs, or previous viral infections with perhaps strongest evidence for the hepatitis C virus. Rarely, AIH has been reported to develop after hepatitis A virus infection. We describe a case of de novo AIH in a patient with a history of recent hepatitis A virus infection.
La evaluación de las narraciones escritas: una perspectiva holística focalizada
Authors: Benítez Figari Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar uno de los cinco instrumentos que se utilizarán en la investigación fondecyt n° 1070333, con el cual se evaluará la producción escrita de 400 niños y niñas sin trastornos del lenguaje. Dicho instrumento es una pauta de evaluación holística focalizada que se diferencia de la holística pura o simple, con la cual se intenta ya sea clasificar una composición escrita para hacerla corresponder con una serie graduada de otras composiciones o asignar puntaje al dominio de ciertos rasgos relevantes al tipo de texto escrito con una pauta que describe cada rasgo e identifica niveles de calidad alta, media y baja. El instrumento que se presenta aquí es una pauta de evaluación que abarca características tanto generales de una producción escrita como específicas de la tipología textual solicitada (narración).
Categorías analíticas para la interpretación del relato oral de experiencias
Authors: Pinilla Vásquez Raquel
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta categorías teóricas para el análisis de los relatos orales con el objeto de proporcionar elementos que contribuyan a la elaboración de descripciones amplias y sistemáticas de este género discursivo. Su puesta en escena en el marco del análisis del discurso, como espacio interdisciplinario, permite comprender la naturaleza del relato oral de experiencias y explicar las distintas estrategias que utilizan los sujetos en la estructuración de los relatos sobre el mundo social.
El eco en el diálogo escolar: un tipo de enunciado con diversas funciones
Authors: Bojacá Blanca
Published: August 2020

El artículo analiza un diálogo escolar en situación de comprensión de lectura y en particular, la manera como se construye conjuntamente sentido en el aula a través de enunciados, respuestas, específicamente los enunciados eco. Al respecto se da cuenta de los distintos tipos de construcciones eco, de sus características y de las funciones del lenguaje que se pusieron en juego a lo largo de la primera secuencia de clase.
La historia de las personas afrocolombianas a partir de las ilustraciones contenidas en los textos de Ciencias Sociales para la Educación Básica
Authors: Mena García María Isabel
Published: August 2020

Este artículo explora la imagen que se asocia con las comunidades afrocolombianas en los textos de ciencias sociales para la Educación Básica. La investigación en la cual se sustenta indagó sobre algunos elementos de permanencia, cambio, continuidad y discontinuidad alrededor de la imagen que se difunde de las y los afrocolombianos en los textos escolares de Ciencias Sociales, especialmente en lo relativo a la presencia o ausencia de este grupo, que representa un 26% de la población colombiana, y sobre el cual pesan ancestrales estereotipos, con el objeto de establecer los prejuicios y estereotipos, con el objeto de establecer los prejuicios y estereotipos que se hacen evidentes en los textos. El análisis es de tipo descriptivo y destaca la necesidad de contar con elementos de juicio a la hora de seleccionar los textos escolares.
Estética e interpretación en el discurso literario la cueva de Montesinos de "Don Quijote"
Authors: Rodríguez Enrique
Published: August 2020

Este artículo muestra la experiencia de lectura del discurso narrativo; en este caso, de la aventura de Don Quijote en la Cueva de Montesinos. Consta de dos partes: la primera es una exposición sobre los aspectos estéticos de la lectura de la lectura del texto y la segunda lleva a cabo un recorrido textual por la aventura a través de una propuesta de secuencias narrativas. Debido a que la aventura produce un efecto de simultaneidad y de multiplicidad de planos que fusionan realidad y ficción e historia y ficción, en el proceso de la lectura toma relevancia el diálogo entre el texto y el lector. Durante la lectura se muestra una proximidad de la visión de Cervantes con las estéticas y la teoría literaria actuales que rompen con la concepción metafísica del lenguaje y lo abordan como discurso que deviene escritura, es decir, huella que se borra cada vez que se lee, en un proceso deconstructivo, determinado por la experiencia del tiempo humano. Esta caracterización exige una transformación en las estrategias pedagógicas para la lectura y la escritura en el aula a partir del texto literario.
Memoria histórica, cuerpo y performance. Enterrando el caso español
Authors: Cemillán Casis Luis
Published: August 2020

Este pequeño trabajo se propone reflexionar, en un plano de corte ontológico, sobre la relación entre el activismo político en clave de memoria histórica y el arte performativo en el contexto español post-transicional. Veremos, a través de dos casos de estudio recientes (los artistas Luis Melón Arroyo y Abel Azcona) qué mecanismos advienen de la puesta en relación de las disciplinas de la performance y la memoria, y cómo ambas retornan al cuerpo como material significante y como enlace de contacto (terminológico). Trataremos así de reivindicar la idoneidad y, en muchos casos, necesaria recurrencia a las prácticas artístico-performativas para significar un vacío (el de la memoria de los desaparecidos) promovido por un Estado que hace operar su maquinaria simbólica como un anatema
Comparing the proportion of the language of use and usage in teachers with different professional experience
Authors: Michońska-Stadnik Anna
Published: August 2020

Effective communication in the classroom has been the focus of interest of second language acquisition research for several decades. Widdowson’s (1978) contribution to classroom discourse studies made a significant im-pact on our understanding of the concepts of language usage and use, and their role in classroom interaction. It is claimed that both types of teacher language should be employed to cater for the effective development of conversational skills. It was observed in the past that usage expressions were more frequent as the focus of classroom interaction was on correct-ness and not on fluency. Nowadays more and more teachers feel the need to use English in the classroom for the purpose of authentic communica-tion with their learners. The research described in this paper investigates whether and to what extent Polish teachers of English with different teach-ing experience vary their language directed at students as regards its usage and use. The results of observations and the analysis of lesson transcripts reveal that, surprisingly enough, more experienced teachers resort more of-ten to language directed at correctness, and the language of use seems to be rather neglected. Some possible explanations of this phenomenon are pre-sented in the concluding part of this paper.
Autentyczna komunikacja w dyskursie edukacyjnym: rola języka nauczanego i ojczystego
Authors: Niżegorodcew Anna
Published: August 2020

This article discusses different approaches to authentic communication, pro-posing a new definition of authentic communication in educational discourse, based on this author’ s application of Sperber and Wilson’s (1986/1995) Relevance Theory to functions of target and native language in the lan-guage classroom. According to the proposed definition, authentic com-munication in the L2 classroom refers to such uses of teachers and stu-dents’ communication which provides students both with linguistic data (positive input) and facilitates the learning process by explicitly focusing their attention on linguistic forms (negative input). After outlining some fundamental principles of Relevance Theory, the author exemplifies func-tions of the target language (English) and the mother tongue (Polish) in authentic communication in educational discourse in three stages of L2 lessons: in explicit grammar teaching, in fluency practice and in real class-room communication. Although it is claimed that the mother tongue should be preserved in monolingual teaching contexts, primarily for iden-tification and affective reasons, excessive use of the native language re-duces the target language to the function of a teaching object and, conse-quently, makes the educational discourse unauthentic.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie
Published: August 2020

I first heard of blockchain technology at a conference in 2017 when Christopher Wilmer, Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh and Managing Editor of Ledger, [1] gave a presentation on the technology. While he did mention Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies with which the technology was originally associated, Wilmer’s talk explained how his journal uses blockchain for proof-of-publication. He commented that as a data-storage mechanism, “blockchains are well-suited to be used in scholarly publishing because they are extremely resilient, tamper-proof, practically indestructible databases; there is no single point of failure or cost of operation; and there is an incontrovertible proof-of-publication date, even across countries and institutions whose incentives are not aligned (which is sometimes a point of contention for scientists racing to discover cure/new theorem/etc.)” [2].
Probing the Person-Patina Relationship: A Correlational Study on the Psychology of Senescent Environments
Authors: Wells Jeremy C.
Published: August 2020

There is a lack of research on people’s psychological perceptions to decay or patina that is part of the historic environment. Built heritage conservation doctrine and law are based on the assumption that all people have a similar, positive aesthetic perception to patina in the built environment, although there are very few empirical studies that have attempted to confirm or challenge this assumption. This study is based on the statistical analysis of survey data from 864 people in the United States who ranked 24 images of old, decayed building materials and 7 control images of new building materials based on aesthetic qualities, condition, and perceived age. The results indicate that people do not like decayed earthen building materials, concrete, or ferrous metals and have a neutral opinion of the aesthetic qualities of aged brick, preferring new brick as well as aged wood. While there are small differences based on race, ethnicity, and gender, the largest difference in responses is between people who work in the historic preservation/CRM field and those who do not. This finding appears to indicate that people who work in these fields have a different psychological response to decay/patina in the built environment than laypeople, which has important ramifications in terms of decision-making processes regarding interventions in the older built environment.
Technical Performance Analyses of Volleyball Players using Volleyball Tactical Information Skill (VTIS)
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad , Sujatmiko Bambang , Faruk Mohammad
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical performance of team performance in an event of the main division in Indonesia. The sample of this study was the players’ performance of the winning team. The data were collected using the Volleyball Tactical Information Skill (VTIS) software which is originally developed by the researcher based on the Volleyball Information System (VIS). The data collected using the VTIS includes service, ball receive, attack, toss, block, and dig that was performed by each player throughout the game. The statistical data is presented on average and percentage. The statistical data obtained from VTIS has been proven to be useful and provides valuable information for the team's technical performance.
Marketing Strategies of Wawasan Newspaper in Maintaining Market Share in Semarang
Authors: Septiawan Hendras , Rusdarti Rusdarti , Haryati Titik
Published: August 2020

This research aims to determine the internal and external conditions of Wawasan Newspaper based on SWOT analysis in maintaining market share in Semarang. This uses descriptive research type with quantitative approach through three stages of strategy formulation, namely: the input stage, the matching stage, and the decision-making stage. In the first stage, IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrices are used. In the second stage, the IE Matrix (internal-External) and the SWOT Matrix (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) are used. In stage three, QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) is used. The results of this study are: In the first stage, the results of the IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) matrix obtained a weighted score of 2.356, while the results of the EFE (External Factor Evaluation) matrix resulted in a weighted score of 2.18. In the matching stage, IE (Internal-External) Matrix of the company is in a stable position. Marketing strategies that are feasible to use are market penetration and product development. In the decision-making stage, an alternative strategy that can be implemented in Wawasan Newspaper namely market penetration with a TAS of 4.406 is obtained.
Ar preskriptyvizmas veikia? Taisomi žodžiai Lietuvos radijo ir TV eteryje 1960–2010
Authors: Nevinskaitė Laima , Tamaševičius Giedrius
Published: August 2020

This special issue includes a study of the effects of prescriptivism on the speech of Lithuanian radio and television in the period between 1960 and 2010. The investigation is corpus-based and focuses on the use of lexical items that are classified as “incorrect” by the Lithuanian norm-setters.

Editor of the special issue: Loreta Vaicekauskienė
DIFFICULTIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF XANTOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Enchev E. , Minkov G. , Dimitrov E. , Nikolov S. , Petrov A. , Ovcharov Iv. , Yovtchev Y.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is primarily histological. The mandatory studies that have to be performed are: abdominal echography, excretory urography, CT, and renal angiography.
Methods: The current report covers a period of 16 years (1992-2008) and presents clinical material from 9 patients with a long history of nephrolithiasis. In the past, six of them have undergone surgical or extracorporeal lithotripsy.
Results and conclusion: The performed preoperative imaging studies showed kidney tumors, and the operative treatment method used was nephrectomy. The post-operative follow-up did not detect any complications in any of these patients
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE COVID-19 INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Vasileva A. , Chakarov Iv. , Chakarova P.
Published: August 2020

First encountered in the 2019 COVID-19 virus has a high transmission capacity, and children are not spared. Therefore, we set a goal, referring to the experience of the countries in which the infection spread the earliest and widest, to make a summary of the characteristics of COVID-19 in the pediatric population.
Of course, the most significant thing is the variation in the clinical manifestation, the correct assessment of the clinical risk of lung damage, as well as the laboratory and imaging methods of examination that support a reliable diagnosis.
The therapy section of the article describes all the possible strategies for therapeutic behavior.
Despite the rapidly growing theoretical information and shared clinical experience, the article could be a foundation on which to add and expand theoretical and practical knowledge.