bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support Vector Machine Based Method of Earthed Fault Location in Neutral Un-Effectual Grounded Power System
Authors: Peng Fei Jin , Huang Xiao Yun , Huang Hong Yuan , Xie Zhi Wen
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Neutral un-effectual grounded system (NUGS) is widely used in Chinese medium voltage power distribution network. However, existing earthed fault location methods in NUGS are not satisfactory in practical application due to weak fault current and unstable arc. Based on analysis of spectrum characteristics of current signals in single-phase earthed fault feeder, this paper proposed an earthed fault location method based on support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the zero sequence current signal was sampled, and its spectrum was gotten by discrete Fourier transform. Secondly, the three dimensional feature vector that constituted by fundament, harmonic, inter harmonic component, had been extracted as the input of SVM. Furthermore, the SVM was trained with the samples obtained by simulation under different fault distance, different fault resistance and different fault close angle. Finally, the earthed fault feeder is selected using the trained SVM. The simulation results indicate that the fault location by the presented method is more precise.
Bandwidth Prediction for Shared Risk p-Cycles in Power System
Authors: Shao Shu Yan , Yu Fang , Wang Hui , Xie Fei , Liu Fei Fei , Li Zhi , Li Bin
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we focus on the defects of traditional business model, and give the self-similar process definition and significance of research. The self-similar process and characteristics is introduced, and the affected network performance is presented. In order to better understand the network model, we establish an effective business model based on the Poisson and Markov model. A novel iteration approach is introduced to solve the deficiencies problem of traditional approach, it is quite suitable for the dynamic p-cycle application and can accurately describe the actual network traffic for real network. Finally, the precision of different prediction algorithms are compared and analyzed.
Research of Partial Discharge Classification Method Based on the Phase Distribution of XLPE Cables
Authors: Huang Song Bo , Wang Jun Bo , Xu Yong Peng , Yan Ye , Chen Xiao Xin
Published: March 2015

In order to analysis the type of XLPE cable partial discharge, and grasp characteristics of partial discharge caused by different defects. In this paper, we use a 10kV 30-meter-long XLPE cable and design different types of defects. Then we collect the PD data of different defect model by PD data acquisition system. To characterize Partial discharge signals generated by different defect model by use of discharge capacity qs, discharge times n, the average discharge amount qn and phase distribution function include the maximum discharge amount distribution HQmax (φ), the average discharge amount distribution HQmean (φ), the discharge times phase distribution HN(φ) as well as φ-Q-N distribution map and so on. The results show that the partial discharge signals produced by different defect model have different statistical characteristics.
Transmission Network Planning Based on Genetic Algorithm in Market Environment
Authors: Liu Hai Ke , Yang Hai , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yi Tao , Zhang Su Juan
Published: March 2015

This paper establishes a transmission network planning model under uncertainty market environment, and consider N-2 security of the double circuit lines on the same tower. The model is solved with the method of hierarchical genetic algorithm, finally get the future transmission network planning meet the need of reliability and the minimum cost of schemeunder uncertain environment .To build a simulation model, simulation the security impact of building circuits on the same tower to power transmission network planning.
The Analysis of Evolution Characteristic for Maximum Wind Speed in the Hexi Corridor
Authors: Liu Ya Feng , Wang Guo Shang , Zhao Dong , Mu Hong Wen , Guo Xiao Lei
Published: March 2015

Through the Merlot wavelet periodic analysis and Mann-Kendall mutation analysis about the maximum wind speed of 14 weather station in Hexi corridor over the past 41 years,the evolution characteristic of the maximum wind speed can be gotten:the Hexi corridor has about 28-29 years main period and 8-12 years secondary period,presenting sinusoidal curve,and the transformation energy cycled from small to big to small to big;After 1980,there were abrupt changes and decline in Anxi,Jiuquan,Zhangye and Wuwei.The Hexi corridor is in the wind speed environment of same climate conditions,and the inter-annual change feature becomes balanced; but in internal local areas,due to the influence of environment, terrain and urban heat island effect,the secondary period is different,presenting abrupt changes and decreasing tendency in 1980s.
Degradation of Paracetamol by Fenton-Like Process in Conjunction with Sonication
Authors: Wang Rong Yao , Wang Xi Kui
Published: March 2015

The degradation of the pharmaceutical paracetamol by using Fenton-like process in conjunction with ultrasonic cavitation was investigated. An evident synergistic effect was found in the combination of sonication and Fenton-like process. Through the application of Response Surface Methodology optimization, the optimum conditions for the degradation of paracetamol were initial pH 3.0, H2O27.0 mmol·L-1and sponge iron 4 g·L-1with acoustic power of 200 W. Under these parameters could obtain 99% degradation of 100mg·L-1paracetamol solution within 30 min treatment.
Effects of Nitrogen Amount on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Cold Land Japonica Rice under the Condition of Straw Returning
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Shu
Published: March 2015

Effects of nitrogen amount on yield and nutrient absorption of cold land japonica rice under the condition of straw returning were studied using cold land rice variety Dong Nong 428 as experimental material. The results showed as follows: yields and effective spikes increased first then reduced, and the highest yield and effective panicles per plant was 7983.33 kg·hm-2 and 17.7 per plant that was found in treatment with nitrogen amount was 133 kg/hm2; differences of plant N, P and K accumulation of each treatment in tillering stage were not obvious and showed single peak curve change in heading stage while took on obvious increasing trend in grain filling stage and maturity stage. The straw returning increased effective spikes while had no effects on yield, spike weight, total shriveled rate and 1000-grain weight; the straw returning also had no effects on N, P and K accumulation in tillering and heading stage while it inhibit N, P and K accumulation in grain filling stage, and it inhibited N accumulation while promoted P and K accumulation in maturity stage.
New Process for Etherification of Glycerol with Isobutene
Authors: Liu Jing Jun , Yuan Yong , Zhang Hang , Yang Bo Lun
Published: March 2015

A process was designed for etherification of glycerol with isobutene based on latest results of kinetic and thermodynamic study. A continuous stirred tank reactor was employed to carry out the reaction. Fresh glycerol was used to extract mono-ethers (ME) of glycerol in the reaction product and then returned to the reactor. Residual glycerol and ME were recovered by water washing and distillation. Isobutene and isobutene dimers were separated from high-ethers in a side draw distillation column. The new process was optimized, and a product yield of 97 wt% was obtained.
Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis of Hibiscus syriacus
Authors: Li Yu Ping , Miao Shu Xing , Luo Feng Xia
Published: March 2015

The number of ehromosome and karyotype of Hibiscus syriacus L. was analyzed with the root tips squash method. The results showed that the H. syriacus is tetraploid, the ehromosome number of the somatic cell of H. syriacus is 2n=56, and the index of relative length (IRL)= 16L+12M2+8M1+20S. The karyotype formula is K(2n)=4x=56=32m+16sm+8st, and the asymmetric index of karyotype is 62.90%. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
Study on Process of Xylanase by Fed-Batch Fermentation
Authors: Gong Mei Zhen , Huang Rui , Guo Jin Ling , Yu Hua Shun , Yao Juan , Gong Da Chun
Published: March 2015

Xylanase has good application prospect in the paper and pulp industry, feed industry, health care and bioenergy industry,etc.The xylanase is one of the key enzyme in the utilization of biomass. Fermentation kinetics equation was constructed based on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equation. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen was related to the stirring speed, raising to 45% naturally after the log growth phase (about 30h) on the base of the optimum medium process of xylanase production byTrichoderma reesei. Fed-batch fermentation strategy was designed based on fermentation kinetics equations. The xylanase activity was further enhanced to 2406.175U/mL, enzyme activity per unit protein mass was 6573U/mg.
Numerical Simulation of Dispersion of Radionuclides Released from the Fukushima NPP and the Assessment of their Nuclear Impact
Authors: Guan Yue , Shen Shi Fei , Huang Hong
Published: March 2015

A large number of radionuclides were discharged into oceans after the Fukushima nuclear crisis. In this paper, we employed ROMS to simulate the circulation of water around Japan. We evaluated the temporal and spatial distribution of radionuclides originated from Fukushima NPP, such as: Cs-137, Cs-134 and I-131. Then, we utilized MCNP 5 to assess the external nuclear impact of these nuclides in water and obtained the effective dose rate distribution in the coast water around Fukushima NPP.
Optimization of Height Prediction of Water Fractured Zone Based on ANN
Authors: Zhao Zhong Ming , Liu Yong Liang , Li Yi
Published: March 2015

This paper discussed the factors that affect the height of water fractured zone, and they were divided into primary and secondary factors, in order to construct a system that included factors that affect the height of water fractured zone. By using the BP neural network model, this paper chose the thickness of coal seam, roof lithology, tilt angle of coal seam, overburden hardness, working face length, advance speed and rock bulking to be the primary factors in order to simplify the model and accelerate speed. If the mining geological condition was clear, we could ignore the secondary factors. Prediction results showed that the simplified BP model could meet the accuracy of the height prediction of water fractured zone and the prediction method could provide technical guidance and a certain safety for coal mining under water.
Isolation and Identification of a Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria and Study on Removal of Nitrite Nitrogen
Authors: Cui Qing Man , Wang Hai Wen , Wang Wan Ying , Yuan Chun Ying
Published: March 2015

A bacteria strain for efficiently removing nitrite nitrogen was isolated and purified from sediment in shrimp pond, and the morphology of bacteria was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the homology analysisof 16SrDNA sequence of the strain was conducted. The results showed that the strain was identified as Acinetobacter baumanii according to the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence analysis. The isolated strain had a high heterotrophic nitrification function, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reached 97.17% after 12 h.
PM2.5 Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Particles in Taiyuan
Authors: Zhang Jun Qiu , Yang Hong , Wang Ying Te , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2015

PM2.5 particulate matters were collected in Taiyuan from November 2012 to October 2013. The total concentrations of seven kinds of typical heavy metal element (Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd) in particles were quantified by acid digestion method, then determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 in Taiyuan was six times higher than the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) II, and the atmospheric particles in Taiyuan are high in Fe, Pb, Cu, Mn, followed by Ni, Cr, Cd. The concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr in industrial area were high, while the contents of Pb was high in commercial area, all of them were low in educational and residential area.
The Indoor Radon Concentration Measurement and Analysis in a University and its Adjacent Areas
Authors: Jiang Fu Liang , Yang Zeng Guang , Qi Xiang Wu , Li Xiang Yang
Published: March 2015

Radon is a radioactive gas, high concentrations of radon in the environment can cause lung cancer, leukemia and other diseases. In this paper, indoor radon concentration in different places were measured and analyzed by using the RAD-7 radon monitor in a university and its adjacent areas. On-site measurements show that within 24 hours the indoor radon concentration versus time has certain regularity, different interior architectural decoration materials has a certain influence on the radon concentration, the radon concentrations in long confined spaces are significantly higher than those places frequently ventilated, floor height and ventilation conditions have a greater impact on the radon concentration. This research can provide a reference for future prevention and control of radon hazards.
Adsorption of Phosphate on Mg/Fe Layered Double Hydroxides with Different Anions Intercalation
Authors: Guo Yan Wei , Zhang Hua , Zhu Zhi Liang
Published: March 2015

Three kinds of Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different intercalation anions (NO3-, Cl- and CO32-) were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solutions. Results showed that the phosphate removal decreased with the increase of solution pH from 3.0 to 11.0. The adsorption behavior of phosphate followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. LDHs-NO3- had the highest adsorption ability for phosphate, the followed order was LDHs-Cl- and LDHs-CO32-. The adsorption kinetics of phosphate onto the three kinds of LDHs fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Performance Analysis of Diesel Engine Using Bio Ethanol (Water Hyacinth) by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Chelladurai H. , Kannan C.
Published: March 2015

In current years, many researches have been worked to find new sources of alternative fuels. In this situation, the water hyacinth will be a new source for bioethanol. In this study, bioethanol extracted from water hyacinth is blended with diesel (5-BED, 5% bioethanol and 95% diesel v/v) and has been used to experimentally investigate the diesel engine performance and emission. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique with three engine operating variables like (i) Load, (ii) Compression ratio (CR) and (iii) Fuel Injection pressure (FIP) has been implemented to evaluate diesel engine performance using bioethanol diesel blend. The equations were obtained for Brake power (BP), Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), Brake thermal efficiency (BTHE), and NO emission by using quadratic polynomial
Removal of Toluene by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Combined with Modified Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Jing Xin , Li Bao Hui , Li Zhi Yong
Published: March 2015

The toluene being removed by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) combined with modified photocatalyst was studied in the paper. Transition metal manganese was doped into crystal lattice of TiO2 in order to improve the activity of photocatalyst, and the optimal doping ratio was confirmed in the study. As one of main factors, the influence on toluene removal efficiency of gas flow rate, initial concentration and electric field intensity was analyzed in the study. Furthermore, the energy efficiency was another important index which had been compared amongγ-Al2O3, TiO2/γ-Al2O3 and Mn-TiO2/γ-Al2O3. The result of study showed that DBD combined with Mn-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 had the best buffer action against increasing of gas flow rate and initial concentration, the energy efficiency had the tendency as Mn-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 > TiO2/γ-Al2O3>γ-Al2O3, and the optimal doping ratio of manganese was 0.01.
Research on Microbial Pollution of Low Concentration Organic Acids Reclaimed Water during Storage
Authors: Zhang Na , Liu Jing Yang , Sun Xiao Ming , Meng Li Hong
Published: March 2015

For the study on microbial contamination of reclaimed water from reverse osmosis process during storage, multiple controlled experiments were designed to simulate actual storage conditions and three influencing factors (storage materials, time and concentration of organic acids) which had an effect on the growth of microorganisms were investigated. The results showed that the stainless steel material was superior to PVC and glass material, but different materials of storage containers didn’t make a big difference in microorganism growth. In 30 days, all the total numbers of bacteria in three container materials were under 100cfu/mL which reached the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards for purified water and also there is no clear law between organic acids concentration and microbial growth. Analyzed by DNA sequencing and checked by microscopic and electron microscopy, the pollution bacteria was identified as Bacillus. Bacteriostatic test results showed that the concentration 0-1000 mg/L of acetic acid had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus.
Research Progress of Pollution Control for Mercury in the Flue Gas from the Coal-Fired Industrial Boilers
Authors: Guo Liang , Qian Feng , Miao Jie , Wang Fan
Published: March 2015

Mercury is one of harmful pollutants during the coal-burning process that can not be ignored. The Ontario-Hydro method, Method 30B and Method 29 are mainly used for sampling the mercury in the flue gas from the coal-fired industrial boilers. This article studied the control ability of the mercury by the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), wet flue gas device (WFGD) and the dust removal and desulfurization integration at home and abroad.
Study of Screening Reverse Osmosis Menmbrane Anti-Scaltants by Drainage Gradient Method
Authors: Zhang Hong Shan , Wei Jia Qiang , Liu Ke Cheng , Long Xiao
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the drainage gradient method's feasibility in evaluating and screening anti-scaltants. Nine different anti-scalants were selected as research object, the results show that KCa、KJD、pH and Langelier's saturation index (LSI) can be used as indicators and KJD、pH are more sutible indicators.with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of repeated experiments were from 0.24% to 3.04%, the drainage gradient method has good repeatability.
The Mercury Emission of Flue Gas from Cement Kiln Control Technology Research
Authors: Miao Jie , Qian Feng , Guo Liang , Wang Fan
Published: March 2015

Mercury emissions from cement plants has attracted the attention of the world, the United States and the European Union and other developed countries have already made strictly limitations of mercury emission from cement plants,China has also been developed to limitation of mercury emission from cement plants. Mercury of cement plants comes mainly from coal and raw materials.,and mercury from flue gas can be removed by removal equipment, so you can use mercury control technology to remove mercury in flue gas. Depending on the different size and raw materials, of the plants, and mercury emissions under different conditions is not the same, so there is no mature mercury removal technology can be applied directly.1 Overview
Selective and Multi-Step Leaching of Valuable Metals from Scrap Copper-Smelting Sludge
Authors: Ji Zhong Guang , Xu Zheng , Wang Wei , Yang Li Mei
Published: March 2015

Valuable metals in smelting sludge from smelting industry have a recovery value. In this work, for realizing waste recycling effectively, selective and multi-step leaching of valuable metals was investigated with scrap copper-smelting sludge as research object. The effect of the concentration of sulphuric acid on leaching rates of valuable metals was investigated first. The results showed that the leaching rates of Cu, Zn and Ni were 6.1%, 59.4% and 63.3% at the acid concentration of 65g/L. Then, the results of the selective and multi-step leaching indicated that the leaching rates of Cu, Zn and Ni were over 90% after two-step leaching. In third step, the content of Cu in leached residue was 6.68%, which was higher than origin sludge. Repeat three-step leaching process above, Zn and Ni were leached selectively and Cu was accumulated in leached residue continually.
The Pollution Status and Remediation Techniques for the Contaminated Soils in Mine
Authors: Wei Hong He , Cao Xiu Feng , Cui Zhao Jie , Fang Bin
Published: March 2015

The pollution sources and characteristics, their environmental influences and the remediation techniques for the contaminated soils in mine were discussed systematically in this paper. For each remediation method, the applicable scope, and its merits or limits in the remediation of contaminated soils in mine were expounded respectively. Since the mine contaminated sites commonly had large pollution scope with combined pollutants, there was limited corresponding technique for the remediation of this complex contaminated site, not to mention the rare industrialized application, so combined with various remediation techniques to establish a complete set of remediation repertoire was needed.
Application Present Status of Supercritical Water Oxidation Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Hao , Cui Yan Ting , Jiang Deng Ling
Published: March 2015

Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) is a unique environmentally safe technology being widely used in industrial wastewater treatment for its remarkable superiority of removes organic matters efficiently. Characteristics of supercritical water, fundamental principle and flow sheet of SCWO were introduced. Meanwhile, application situations of SCWO in different fields of industrial wastewater treatment were presented in detail, the existing problems in its application were pointed out. At last the prospect for the development of SCWO was also proposed.
A Web-Based Groundwater Management Information System
Authors: Ma Dong Mei , Yao Li , Xue Hong Dan
Published: March 2015

The groundwater management information system is based on up-to-date Java web technologies and the architecture of system deployment. The system has been implemented using mature lightweight SSH (Struts, Spring, Hibernate) frameworks, and the physical hardware deployment mode has been thoroughly described. Built upon the solid foundation of J2EE architecture, the groundwater management information system presents some promising features, such as cross-platform, extension-oriented, easy maintenances, loosing couple but strong cohesion component, module reusable, etc.
Research on Connected Water Body Self-Purification Capacity Simulation and Effect Analysis
Authors: Liu Hai Jiao , Fan Ming Yuan , Shi Yu Zhi , Yang Xiao Feng
Published: March 2015

Water network construction makes water increased connectivity, for the water self-purification ability also has the corresponding improvement effect. With Xiaoqing River of Guangrao County segment as an example, paper built the simulation model of river water quality based on MIKE11, and simulated the connected water body self-purification capacity. Results show that water body connectivity can improve the water quality of Xiaoqing River to a certain extent.
Sustainable Development Evaluation of the Baotou Water Resource Based on Entropy Method
Authors: Song Yu Chen , Wang He , Yan Yu Jie , Zhang Jiang Peng
Published: March 2015

Water resource is basic to human life and productive activities. This paper established an evaluation index system with 4 press indexes, 4 state indexes and 6 response indexes (PSR Model) about water resource of Baotou, used the data from 2002 to 2013 of each index, and made a comprehensive evaluation to the utilization of water resource and the influences to each trade and environment. At the same time of analyzing the result, this paper provides some advice for water resource sustainable development in Baotou City.
Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Area: Interaction between Native Plant Species and Sub-Surface Runoff
Authors: Carbone Marco , Garofalo Giuseppina , Nigro Gennaro , Piro Patrizia
Published: March 2015

Green roofs (GRs) may represent a solution for minimizing the impact of urbanization on the hydrological cycle and for sustainably managing water resources in urban environment. Several studies have shown that GRs effectively control the surface runoff conveyed into the combined sewer systems, by reducing overall volumes and peak flow rates. The hydrological/hydraulic performance of a GR is strongly dependent upon vegetation species used. In this study the influence of plants on the sub-surface runoff is investigated by monitoring two experimental GRs in wet weather conditions. It is hypothesized that although plants reduce sub-surface runoff, they may also boost the formation of preferential flow paths. The results showed that the sub-surface runoff is strongly influenced by vegetation. While for smaller storm events the GR highly retains stormwater due to the plant interception, for larger storm events the GR’s performance decreases due to the increase of sub-surface runoff. This may be due to the presence of the plant root which produces preferential macropores flow through the substrate.
Incipient Motion Experiment of Sediment in Silty-Sand Coast
Authors: Zhang Rui Bo , Li Xin , Pang Qi Xiu
Published: March 2015

Sediment issues, especially the channel siltation issues in silty-sand Coast are becoming more and more prominent as the development of harbor construction in silty-sand coasts. In order to learn the incipient motion characteristics under influence of wave, current and wave-current combination of sediment in silty-sand coasts, provide necessary parameters for engineering analysis of fluvial process and mathematical model analysis, and then provide science and technology fundamentals for harbor construction, experiments are carried out with samples from the under construction Haiyanghong port area in Dandong. Under the same condition, when the initial sediment density, which is of great influence on incipient motion, is larger, the incipient motion is harder to occur; and wave is the main hydrodynamic force to devote to sediment incipient motion. Generally, sediment in silty-sand coasts shows the characteristic of silt. However, fine sediment rises obviously in the experiment and the water gets muddy very easily as the existence of a certain amount of clay.
Wind Power Prediction Model Based on Wavelet Neural Network under Missing Data
Authors: Lu Jing , Zhao Yan Qing , Zhao Yu Hong , Zhao Jun Yi , Yang Chao Ying
Published: March 2015

Wind power prediction is a key problem in optimizing power dispatching. This paper builds a wind power prediction model based on wavelet neural network which substitutes wavelet basis function for the transfer function of hidden layer. A missing data interpolation strategy is also given to improve the applicability of the model. With the wind farm data from southeast coast, the model works and the wind power in the next 30 hours is predicted. In the sense of the mean square errors this paper compared the prediction results of the model and BP neural network model, the results shows the models have a better accuracy.
Alberta Management of Mineral Resources and its Reference to China
Authors: Yan Shuang , Wang Li Yan
Published: March 2015

Alberta, known as the “Energy Province”, has abundant natural resources with the largest reserve among all other provinces in Canada. The mining rights in Alberta are mainly taken charge by the Alberta Energy and separated from land rights. The rights are divided into three forms-Permit, leases and Licence, and can be divided further into different kinds according to different mineral resources. The electronic information management mode is applied to the management of mineral rights, which offers a significant reference to the category of mineral rights, the management of energy minerals and the acceleration of mineral rights electronic computerization in our country.
Beneficiation Experiment Study on Iron Ore in Yunnan Province
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Jin Lin , Wen Shu Ming , Wang Yi Jie , Chen Yu , Cui Chuan Fa
Published: March 2015

In order to provide essential information for enterprises to exploit the iron ore of Yunnan province in China, properties of the ore were analyzed. Experiments of the best grinding fineness analysis and magnetic separation current were conducted. The result show that the ore is martite; when the grinding fineness content below 74um is 95%, and magnetic separation current is 10A (0.8T), iron concentrate with a grade of 65.40% and a recovery of 90.49% can be obtained. Sulfur and phosphorus content in the iron concentrate is 0.057% and 0.011%, respectively.
Division Features of Coal-Bearing Tectonic Units in North China
Authors: Liu Kang , Qin Guo Hong , Ma Zhi Kai
Published: March 2015

Based on the new round of national potential evaluation on coal resources, and reference to the latest achievements about regional geological and energy basins, this article analyzed the main features of North China coalfield structure. According to the main features of North China coalfield structure and the distribution of North China coal series, the boundary of North China coal-bearing tectonic region and the division of North China coal-bearing tectonic units were identified. North China coalfield tectonic region can be divided into 5 coal-bearing tectonic sub-regions and 22 coal-bearing tectonic zones. The basic characteristics of the tectonic structure and its influence upon coal series distribution in each coal-bearing tectonic zone were systemically discussed.
Simulating Experiment of Casing Cementing with Pre-Expansion
Authors: Yang Xin Jun , Li Zi Feng
Published: March 2015

Thermal recovery is a common and effective method for producing heavy oil. Casing failure is a serious problem in thermal recovery wells. In view of this problem, it is proposed the technique of casing cementing with internal pre-expansion for thermal recovery well. It refers to exert inner pressure on payzone production casing or heat payzone production casing to a certain temperature and make payzone production casing expand in cement solidifying period. We developed simulating experiment table according to field practice and pre-expansion cementing theory. It can simulate cementing technology with conventional, half warm-up and internal pre-pressurization cementing technology, also include steam injection and production process. The technique will be an important foundation for the following field tests and its application.
Based on Graphene Electrodes PbSe / CdSe Core-Shell Quantum Dots Battery
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Tong Yu , Wang He Lin , Zhang Tie Qiang
Published: March 2015

what the cheaper and easier to get is graphene to replace high cost, limited sources of material and high temperature difference between the ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode material as a quantum dot solar cells is the focus of this study. This study used a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production of graphene electrode explore the relationship between the transmittance and the graphene sheet resistance graphene layers; then make a graphene material as an electrode of the solar cell devices of different size and detecting its performance, the conclusion that the material is graphene electrode PbSe / CdSe quantum dot battery, which can effectively improve the conversion rate of the quantum dot solar cells (up to 3.6%), and stability, but also can greatly reduce the cost;
A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to Urban Regeneration: Tools and Procedures for a Complex Area in London
Authors: Miccoli Saverio , Finucci Fabrizio , Murro Rocco
Published: March 2015

In Europe, many regeneration projects are addressed to large urban distressed areas as a result of the dismissal of industrial sites and businesses and ensuing unemployment, poverty, environmental damage and social exclusion. In the attempt to contribute to the development of innovative policies for the integrated regeneration of deprived urban areas, this paper addresses the experience of the London’s South Bank project. Formerly home to factories and working-class houses, a number of integrated projects have converted this area into one of Europe’s most important cultural hubs, known for being packed with artistic opportunities and amenities that attract millions of visitors every year. After a brief description of the process through which the area has been transformed, this paper focuses on the strategies and feasibility factors that have led to a successful regeneration project.
Fostering the Planning and Implantation of Innovation Habitats by the Knowledge Based Urban Development Approach (Fostering the Planning of EI by the KBUD Approach)
Authors: Krama Márcia Regina
Published: March 2015

The motivation for this work emerges from the current awareness for planning and implementation of innovation habitats aligned with urban needs. This research analyzes the contributions of knowledge based urban development approach (KBUD) to foster innovation policies aligned to urban development strategies focusing on innovation habitats. The result is a set of assertions which will compose a theoretical-conceptual model.
Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Potential by Clean Coal Technology in China
Authors: Luo Teng , Wang Ning
Published: March 2015

This paper analyzes the status quo in China regarding carbon emissions, and discusses challenges facing coal utilization in China. It concludes that the development of clean coal technology is an important means to realize low-carbon emissions in China. Using scenario analysis methodology, this paper presents quantitative analysis of the potential of clean coal technologies for carbon emission reductions in 2015 and 2020. The analysis indicates that high-efficiency combustion in industrial boilers and clean, highly efficient coal-fired power generation should serve as important factors for carbon emission reductions before 2020.
Optimization of Catholyte in Hydrogen Redox Fuel Cell
Authors: Wang Zi Xue , Fu Jie , Du Chao , Zhang Yang
Published: March 2015

Redox electric couple species used in the catholyte of the hydrogen redox fuel cell was screened through the electrochemical testing methods, and the catholyte composition and concentration were optimized by studying the reaction mechanism and laws on different electrodes, then the inside battery structure was also designed. The results showed that when using the carbon felt as electrode, platinum as catalyst, ferric/ferrous ion solution as the most suitable catholyte optimal performance could be obtained. This method can reduce the cathode polarization and the amount of catalysts. It can also solve the problem of catalyst poisoning and membrane degradation, simplify water management, effectively reduce the costs and improve cell performance and reliability.
The Industrial Structure Adjustment and Environmental Improvement - From the Case of Suzhou River Change
Authors: Wang Hong
Published: March 2015

The Suzhou River once was a seriously polluted belt gathered by a large number of factories with the growth mode of high material consumption, high energy consumption, high pollution and low technology. With the industrial restructuring, the tertiary industry replaced the secondary industry, and business, real estate, tourism, creative industry have become the major industry beside the Suzhou River. Relying on the river coordinated function, the Suzhou River showed its industrial charm with additional role of sightseeing, tourism and recreation. It is the right decisions and strong measures of Shanghai municipal government that make the Suzhou River, the previously polluted river, flow to an ecological civilization.
The New Orientation of Discharge Permit System in the Environmental Management System
Authors: Zhao Ruo Nan , Li Yan Ping , Hu Xue Wen , Bai Lu
Published: March 2015

The discharge permit system has been implemented for more than 20 years in China. Although some rules of discharge permit system can be found in laws and administrative rules and regulations, the discharge permit system has just been carried out as a pilot policy in some provinces. The discharge permit system only serves as a complementary measure of emissions reporting, registration system and total amount control system, while its important position in pollution management policies is still unclear. In fact, it can reduce the transaction cost by defining the property rights, to solve the problems of “free riders” and externalities in the first place. However, the pollution prevention system in China mostly works at a certain stage, with the lack of cohesion and connection. To problems existing in the environmental management, we should take advantage of the discharge permit system, and integrate the current environmental management system. The goal of atmospheric administration is better air quality, better public health, better public welfare, and better production capacity. To achieve this goal, we not only need to control total emissions, but also need to build continuously emission standards. Through the establishment of the atmospheric emission permit system, some of existing loose jumbled, high cost, inefficient management policies can be integrated together, which can benefit the improvement of the air quality, the reduction of the management cost and the increase of the management efficiency.The discharge permit system was first implemented in Sweden, after years of practice, its role in environmental management gains recognition. The discharge permit system in developed countries gradually became the pillar of pollution prevention, and became more institutionalized and normalized. The discharge permit system in China was first implemented in 1987, but our country doesn’t have a law of discharge permit system until now, and we have a certain gap with USA, Germany in emissions trading.
Lower Limb Kinetics and Kinematics during Two Different Jumping Methods
Authors: Shu Yang , Sun Dong , Hu Qiu Li , Zhang Yan , Li Jian She , Gu Yao Dong
Published: March 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate into the dynamic and kinematic parameters of lower limbs about two types of jump high-level basketball athlete doing: countermovement jump and squat jump. There were distinctively different in jump height between two types. Kinetics and kinematics parameters of squat jump were less than countermovement jump. Using Vertical Jumps countermovement jump can increase the height of vertical jump effectively. These jumps all can cushion the pressure of impact force in landing phase.
Effect of Citrate and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Formation of Hydroxyapatite Crystal in a Thermal Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhang Cong , Guo Zhen Zhao , Xue Bo , Zhou Chang Ren , Li Hong
Published: March 2015

To calrify the combined effect of soft template and biominormolecule on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp), the study on the growth of HAp regulated by citrate and(or) hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution was developed in a thermal aqueous. The as-obtained products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and TEM, altogether with HRTEM and ED. Plate-like HAp crystals in nanosize with relative weak crystallinity were obtained in the presence of citrate. Nano-needle shape HAp crystals were produced in the presence of CTAB. Rod-like HAp crystals in a uniform nanosize were formed under the regulation of CTAB and citrate, which showed the same orientation as that of CTAB only. However, the possible mechanism of the growth of HAp was discussed in detail. CTAB micelles worked as a soft template modified by citrate, which guided to form HAp crystals in different morphology. The study is benefit to control the formation of HAp for its bioapplication.
Characterization and Corrosion Behaviour Study on Biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V Component Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting
Authors: Devika D. , Dass Soumya Shekhar , Kumar Chaudhary Suneel
Published: March 2015

Ti-6Al-4V biocompatible material to be used as an implant, fabricated by Electron Beam Melting, was investigated for mechanical properties viz. hardness, grain size and porosity. Phase characterization was analysed by X-ray diffraction; morphological and micro structural features were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscope respectively. The as-produced Electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V sample had increased surface roughness and a thick surface oxide layer. The corrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid environment was compared for wrought and Electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V samples by performing anodic polarization measurement using sequencer computer controlled potentiostat. The Electron beam melted sample had the corrosion rate of 0.0148 mils per year and wrought sample had 0.0196 mils per year.
Review on Exhaled Hydrogen Peroxide as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis of Inflammatory Lung Diseases
Authors: Dennis John Ojur , Rabih Almur Abdelkreem Saeed , Md Khir M.H. , Abdullah M.A. , Ahmed M.G.A.
Published: March 2015

Exhaled breath (EB) contains thousands of volatile and nonvolatile biomolecules. EB analysis is non-invasive and convenient to patients than blood or urine tests. The exhaled biomolecules have long been studied and recognized to have some potential biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases, evaluation of metabolic disorders and monitoring drug efficiency. For instance, Biomarkers such as exhaled hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and exhaled nitric oxide are associated with inflammatory lung diseases, ammonia is used as a biomarker for kidney diseases and exhaled acetone is related to glucose concentration in blood and so it is used for diabetes diagnosis. H2O2concentration in EB increases with the severity of lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different methods are used to measure H2O2in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In EBC the EB is collected in a condensate unit and then H2O2concentration in the collected sample is detected using titrimetric, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, chemiluminescence and electrochemical sensors. Recently, some works have been done to measure the concentration of H2O2in its vapor phase without a need for condensation units. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize the current methods being used to measure the concentration of H2O2in EB to identify inflammatory lung diseases, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these methods
Individual and Societal Risk Analysis of Pipeline Failures Occasioned by Third Party Using the CPQRA Method: The Case Study of the Gas Pipeline in Utekon Community in Ovia LGA of Edo State
Authors: Ariavie Godfrey Omonefe , Oyekale Joseph Oyetola
Published: March 2015

Gas transmission pipelines mainly transport flammable fluids across the length and breadth of the country especially in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The associated risk to both the individuals’ encroaching and inhabiting areas along the right-of-way (ROW) and the society at large cannot be underestimated. Thus safety concerns considering the individual and societal risk of pipeline failures has become important. This paper attempts to develop a model for both individual and societal risk assessment for a 12km length natural gas transmission pipeline in Utekon community (commencing from the Benin-Auchi through Uhuwmunode Osina town and terminating in the Benin-Agbor axis) in Edo State using the Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis Method (CPQRA). The CPQRA is used because it examines the hazard zones within a pipeline ROW and the number of persons that would be affected by fire/explosion. Finally, field data was used in this study to validate the model which can be applied to any natural gas pipeline risk assessment scenario.
The Expression of Inflammatory Cytokine and Heme Oxygenase-1 Genes in THP-1 Cells Exposed to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Horie Masanori , Nishio Keiko , Kato Haruhisa , Endoh Shigehisa , Fujita Katsuhide , Nakamura Ayako , Miyauchi Arisa , Kinugasa Shinichi , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Yoshida Yasukazu , Iwahashi Hitoshi
Published: March 2015

The effect of manufactured nanoparticles on the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes was examined. THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophage cells were exposed to TiO2and NiO medium dispersions. After 2, 6, 12, or 24 hours exposure, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and HO-1 genes was determined by real-time PCR. TiO2nanoparticles did not affect cytokine production. In addition, TiO2nanoparticles did not dissolve in the dispersion. On the other hand, NiO nanoparticles enhanced the expression of all the genes tested. NiO dispersions were composed of 58.3 μg/mL of NiO nanoparticles and 45.8 μg/mL of Ni2+. The release of metal ions from the nanoparticles is associated with their cytotoxicity. Therefore, the effect of an NiCl2solution containing 45.8 μg/mL of Ni2+on the expression of cytokine genes was also examined. The effects of NiCl2were similar to those of the NiO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of ZnO, SiO2-coated ZnO, Sb2O3, and Cr2O3nanoparticles on the expression of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α genes was examined. Soluble nanoparticles, such as ZnO, SiO2-coated ZnO, and Cr2O3enhanced the gene expression of cytokines. Sb2O3nanoparticles showed poor solubility and did not affect the expression of cytokine genes. In conclusion, these results suggest that nanoparticle solubility plays an important role in regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Size Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Amorphous Silica
Authors: Duan Fang Li , Zhang Cheng , Liu Qing Song
Published: March 2015

The frustules of diatoms have excellent elasticity and high strength, but their main composition, amorphous silica, is a kind of typical brittle material. Molecular dynamics simulations of the uniaxial tension were carried out to study the size effect on the mechanical properties of amorphous silica. Stress-strain behavior, the radius of biggest void, radial distribution functions and bond angle distribution were analyzed. Our results show the small model exhibits a better ultimate strength, ductility and toughness than the large model, and the generation and expansion of voids plays an important role in the fracture behavior of the model. For the small model, some of Si-O bonds are stretched, and the average of O-Si-O bond angle decreases from 108o to 95o, which makes the model have a capability to perform larger plastic deformation and lead to a better ductility. However, for the large model, except the change of Si-O-Si bond angle, its structure has no other significant changes. Our results demonstrate that changes of size have significant impact on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of intrinsically brittle materials at the nanoscale.
Texture and Magnetism of Nanocrystalline Ni Films and Multilayers
Authors: Poulopoulos Panagiotis , Vlachos Athanasios , Grammatikopoulos Spiridon , Karoutsos V. , Ioannou P.S. , Bebelos Nikolaos , Trachylis Dimitrios , Velgakis M.J. , Meletis Efstathios I. , Politis C.
Published: March 2015

Nickel films are grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on Corning glass, polyimide foils and on the native oxide of Si (100) wafers at low (1x10-3 mbar) and relatively high (2.5x10-2 mbar) Argon pressure at 100 °C. The base pressure of the high vacuum chamber is 1x10-7 mbar. X-ray diffraction experiments are performed to reveal the different texture of various Ni films. Magneto-optical Kerr effect hysteresis loops and magnetic force microscopy images show correlation between Argon pressure, texture and magnetic anisotropy of the films. The results are discussed with respect to relevant measurements of Ni/NiO magnetic multilayers prepared under similar experimental conditions.