bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo de aguas residuales en los procesos mineros
Authors: Salazar-Giraldo Juan Pablo , Güiza-González Sonia
Published: June 2024

La actividad minera es fundamental para el desarrollo de cualquier país, y en el caso de Colombia, la extracción y beneficio mineral de oro, plata y cobre, entre otros metales, son necesarios como materias primas en otros sectores económicos, además de la generación de divisas. La minería, como la industria y la agricultura, puede generar afecciones medioambientales, debido al requerimiento de agua como parte del beneficio minero, por lo que se generan aguas residuales que deben ser tratadas para recuperar su calidad antes de llevar a cabo cualquier vertimiento. A pesar de que existen plantas de tratamiento y procedimientos de recobro de calidad de agua mediante tecnologías fisicoquímicas y biológicas, como es explicado en este capítulo, hay un desconocimiento generalizado de que estos mismos son llevados a cabo por empresas mineras actualmente. A nivel internacional y nacional se tienen experiencias positivas, investigación permanente y desarrollo tecnológico que demuestran la efectividad de los diferentes métodos utilizados para controlar y disminuir las cargas contaminantes, y, por lo tanto, los riesgos ambientales asociados. Se muestran claros ejemplos de proyectos e inversiones por parte de las empresas mineras en sistemas de tratamiento especialmente fisicoquímico para dar cumplimiento a lo exigido por las autoridades ambientales, demostrando así que los procesos de extracción y beneficio de oro (Au) y otros metales sí pueden realizarse bajo el concepto de minería ambientalmente responsable. El desarrollo de este capítulo plantea como objetivos: analizar el tipo de aguas residuales generadas por la actividad de explotación y beneficio de oro, presentar la exigencia por parte de la autoridad ambiental en Colombia en cuanto a la calidad de este tipo de aguas, identificar los diferentes sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales mineras a nivel mundial y nacional, y presentar ejemplos de empresas mineras que están diseñando y llevando a cabo sistemas de control de sus vertimientos, en lo posible previniendo cualquier afectación.
Riesgos de la minería aurífera subterránea en cuanto a los recursos hídricos subterráneos y la estabilidad física del terreno
Authors: Ordóñez-Carmona Oswaldo , Rivera-Pulido Viviana
Published: June 2024

El capítulo presenta los resultados de la búsqueda y revisión de artículos y reportes de investigación, cuyo eje temático en común son los riesgos que sobrevienen por la modificación de los recursos hídricos subterráneos y la estructura física del terreno en proyectos de minería aurífera bajo tierra. Los documentos citados sobre la temática de técnicas y tecnologías modernas para su control corresponden a publicaciones divulgadas desde el año 2017 en adelante. La información que se expone le permite al lector reconocer varios de los riesgos que surgen en el desarrollo de la extracción de oro bajo tierra y la normatividad colombiana aplicable a cada uno de ellos; por otra parte, visibiliza algunas de las técnicas y tecnologías disponibles y en desarrollo para mitigar, prevenir y compensar los riesgos evidenciados. Finalmente, a partir de lo anterior se examinan dos afirmaciones relacionadas directamente a las temáticas centrales, o que guiaron la presente investigación, para esclarecer si estas son mitos o representan realidades de la minería aurífera colombiana, siendo estas últimas puntos de partida o retos sobre los cuales sería deseable investigar ulteriormente. Se identifica que en Colombia existe muy poca información sobre las temáticas indagadas, pues la mayor parte de los estudios encontrados corresponden a trabajos desarrollados en Estados Unidos, Australia, China y Japón; como contribución frente a este vacío de conocimiento, la investigación proporciona información correspondiente al proyecto minero Soto Norte de propiedad de la empresa Minesa, la cual es producto de visitas realizadas en campo, con el acompañamiento de personal técnico y administrativo de la empresa, a las inmediaciones en donde se desarrollará el proyecto.
Reasentamiento y proyectos mineros: una decisión de última instancia
Authors: Mateus Rafael , Vergara Algemiro
Published: June 2024

Este capítulo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica de la producción científica registrada en las bases de datos Scopus y Redalyc sobre las prácticas de reasentamiento en la industria minera, publicadas entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2020. Adicionalmente, se hizo una visita a la zona de un proyecto minero de oro en donde se tiene contemplada la realización de un reasentamiento. El objetivo de dicho ejercicio es comprender los impactos tanto positivos como negativos del reasentamiento, generando un balance teórico y metodológico que contribuya a clarificar algunos supuestos distorsionados sobre esta práctica. Los resultados muestran que el reasentamiento es llamado de diversas maneras en la literatura académica (reasentamiento involuntario; desplazamiento y reasentamiento inducido por el desarrollo; reubicación; migración forzada, entre otros), dependiendo de intereses y visiones diversas, que dificultan la evaluación de sus impactos y la identificación de los riesgos relacionados con el reasentamiento. No obstante, más allá de las nominaciones para realizar el reasentamiento en Colombia se necesita el cumplimiento de normas constitucionales y legales, que están alineadas con principios, guías y estándares internacionales, especialmente las del Banco Mundial y las de la Corporación Financiera Internacional. La aplicación de estas normas se analiza en dos casos que se están realizando en el país (uno por desastres naturales y el otro por el desarrollo de proyectos mineros de carbón), así como en una propuesta de reasentamiento para un proyecto minero aurífero. Al final, se muestra la necesidad de continuar profundizando en la investigación sobre los procesos de reasentamiento, poniendo especial atención en tres componentes: 1) el control del proceso de planificación, 2) el enfoque de la remediación, y 3) el seguimiento y rendición de cuentas del proceso.
El control judicial sobre el reglamento y los efectos de la nulidad
Authors: Bastidas Bárcenas Hugo Fernando
Published: June 2024

El presente texto pretende, de manera sucinta, exponer la cuestión de los efectos de las sentencias que juzgan los actos normativos o reglamentos que se expiden en ejercicio de la función pública administrativa. Pero estimo que tiene un alcance un poco mayor. Se trata de distinguir el funcionamiento de dos muy diferentes actos jurídicos que lamentablemente en Colombia tienden a confundirse. Por un lado, está el acto administrativo de contenido particular y concreto, que es el verdadero acto administrativo, y que cuenta con una dogmática muy conocida e incluso decantada por la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. Y, de otro lado, aparece también el acto normativo o reglamento o acto de contenido general, que tiene una naturaleza muy diferente a la del acto particular y concreto a pesar de que se emite por centros de producción normativa pertenecientes a la función administrativa.
El recurso de casación en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa
Authors: Ibáñez Najar Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2024

El presente estudio señala la evolución en esta materia y termina concluyendo en la necesidad de consagrar la facultad expresa a cargo del Consejo de Estado de obrar como tribunal de casación de la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo, que es la condición necesaria para que obre como tribunal de cierre de dicha jurisdicción y, como tal, se cumpla la aspiración, que al mismo tiempo es un mandato constitucional, para que sea el tribunal supremo de lo contencioso administrativo.
El enriquecimiento sin causa en la jurisdicción de lo contencioso administrativo: un debate inacabado
Authors: Velásquez Rico Marta Nubia
Published: June 2024

El presente escrito tiene como objeto, en un plano estrictamente académico, de una parte, identificar algunas incompatibilidades que cada una de las referidas hipótesis plantean frente a la institución que buscaron preservar, con especial atención en uno de los elementos arquetípicos de esta: la inexistencia de causa; y, de otro lado, mostrar que las pretensiones fundamentadas en esas mismas hipótesis son objeto de pretensiones que excluirían el enriquecimiento sin causa, las cuales podrían encauzarse como de naturaleza contractual o extracontractual, según como se presenten los hechos de cada caso.
Retos para enfrentar el cambio climático en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Gloria Amparo
Published: June 2024

En este capítulo también se hace una exposición sobre las principales manifestaciones jurídicas colombianas en torno al cambio climático. Para ello, se expone el Convenio Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) y su forma de adopción en el ordenamiento doméstico. Luego se realiza una descripción de la política nacional sobre cambio climático como sombrilla de toda la reglamentación alrededor del tema, para continuar con la descripción de las demás instituciones, herramientas y políticas que el país ha generado, así como los diversos documentos Conpes, los instrumentos económicos, las medidas relacionadas, entre otros. Finaliza con algunas conclusiones a partir de la recopilación de lo observado.
Interpretability and appropriate cut-off score of occiput-bed distance to indicate risk of hyperkyphosis in older adults
Authors:   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Intaruk Roongnapa , Multakorn Sirirut ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Sornsamran Wasunan ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Yamtawech Metinee ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Amatachaya Sugalya ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Amatachaya Pipatana ,   Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life (IPQ) Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, Thaweewannakij Thiwabhorn ,   School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
Published: June 2024

Background: Age-related hyperkyphosis has been described as a new geriatric syndrome. Therefore, early screening is critical. The occiput-bed distance (OBD) was developed as a new tool; however, there needed to be clear evidence supporting its clinical utility compared to the data from standard measurement. Objective: To investigate the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) with standard measurement error (SEM). Moreover, the practical cut-off scores to determine the risk of hyperkyphosis are crucial compared to a standard Cobb’s method. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study conducted in ninety-six hyperkyphosis older adults aged at least 60 years. All participants were assessed for their hyperkyphosis using the OBD. Within seven days, they were at a hospital to complete a radiographic examination to determine the appropriate cut-off score of hyperkyphosis. Additionally, the first 30 participants were assessed for their hyperkyphosis again using the OBD to determine the interpretability. Results: The outcomes of the OBD had excellent test-retest reliability (ICC 3,3 =0.887, p<0.001). The SEM and MDC95 values were 0.75 and 2.08 cm, respectively. In addition, the cut-off score of OBD was reported to be at least 7.40 cm (sensitivity 71.80%, specificity 73.70%, and AUC =0.734) to indicate the risk of hyperkyphosis. Conclusion: The OBD is consistent, reliable, and has good diagnostic properties for hyperkyphosis. The findings confirm the use of OBD as a practical alternative method for early detection of hyperkyphosis in older individuals, particularly those who cannot stand for long and cannot access radiology.
Jump Roping High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Vascular Function in Adults with Overweight/Obesity
Authors:   Sport Science Programme, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Intawong Orathai , Nithitsutthibuta Kanpiraya ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand., Kunritt Jaruta ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand., Pratanaphon Sainatee ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Published: June 2024

A few studies have shown that body-weight- and laboratory-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively improves endothelial function. However, the effect of HIIT in the form of jump roping that significantly increases vertical ground reaction force on endothelial function remains unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week jump roping exercise programme on vascular function in adults with overweight/obesity. Twenty young adults with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to the exercise or control group. The exercise group performed 12 intervals jump roping HIIT – 1 minute at 85%–95% maximal heart rate (HRmax) and 1 minute at 50%–70% HRmax – for 12 weeks (five sessions per week). The control group was asked to maintain the usual lifestyle pattern throughout the study period. The outcome measures were per cent flow-mediated dilation (%FMD), baseline artery diameter (FMDbase), peak artery diameter (FMDpeak), mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) and per cent body fat (%BF). Results revealed that there was a significant group × time interaction for %FMD, FMDpeak and MBFV after the intervention (all P <0.05). There was no significant group × time interaction for the other variables. There were no significant changes in the outcome variables between pre- and post-intervention and between the groups (all P >0.05), except for %FMD. In conclusion, jump roping HIIT increased %FMD, FMDpeak and MBFV, indicating the cardiovascular-protective effects of this approach in adults with overweight/obesity.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WEIGHTBEARING CT AND MRI FINDINGS IN PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSING FOOT DEFORMITY
Authors: Andres L.K. , Donners R. , Harder D. , Krähenbühl N.
Published: June 2024

Background

Weightbearing computed tomography scans allow for better understanding of foot alignment in patients with Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity. However, soft tissue integrity cannot be assessed via WBCT. As performing both WBCT and magnetic resonance imaging is not cost effective, we aimed to assess whether there is an association between specific WBCT and MRI findings.

Methods

A cohort of 24 patients of various stages of PCFD (mean age 51±18 years) underwent WBCT scans and MRI. In addition to signs of sinus tarsi impingement, four three-dimensional measurements (talo-calcaneal overlap, talo-navicular coverage, Meary's angle axial/lateral) were obtained using a post processing software (DISIOR 2.1, Finland) on the WBCT datasets. Sinus tarsi obliteration, spring ligament complex and tibiospring ligament integrity, as well as tibialis posterior tendon degeneration were evaluated with MRI. Statistical analysis was performed for significant (P<0.05) correlation between findings.

Results

None of the assessed 3D measurements correlated with spring ligament complex or tibiospring ligament tears. Age, body mass index, and TCO were associated with tibialis posterior tendon tears. 75% of patients with sinus tarsi impingement on WBCT also showed signs of sinus tarsi obliteration on MRI. Of the assessed parameters, only age and BMI were associated with sinus tarsi obliteration diagnosed on MRI, while the assessed WBCT based 3D measurements were, with the exception of MA axial, associated with sinus tarsi impingement.

Conclusion

While WBCT reflects foot alignment and indicates signs of osseous impingement in PCFD patients, the association between WBCT based 3D measurements and ligament or tendon tears in MRI is limited. Partial or complete tears of the tibialis posterior tendon were only detectable in comparably older and overweight PCFD patients with an increased TCO. WBCT does not replace MRI in diagnostic value. Both imaging options add important information and may impact decision-making in the treatment of PCFD patients.
Design and Implementation of IPsec VPN IoT Gateway System in National Secret Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Yan , Huang Jing , Fan Yunsong , Zhu Xiaobin
Published: June 2024

With the development of Internet of Things technology, the security threats faced by the industrial control field are increasing, and strengthening the security protection capabilities of intelligent systems on IoT highways is becoming increasingly important. IPSec VPN tunneling technology can achieve identity authentication and encrypted data transmission, and is an important means to achieve secure data transmission in intelligent systems on Expressway intelligent tunnel system. The commonly used IPSec VPN gateway uses a traditional Linux protocol stack-based approach for data capture, which requires multiple data copies and context switching, resulting in low efficiency of IPSec services. In addition, the commonly used IPSec VPN security gateway is implemented on the basis of the open-source IPSec framework, using internationally recognized algorithms for encryption and decryption, which poses security risks. This article is based on the IPSec protocol, and studies the high-speed network packet capture framework PFRING technology, the fusion technology of national secret algorithm and IPSec protocol. It designs and implements an IPSec VPN IoT security gateway based on national secret algorithm. After experimental verification, the IPSec VPN gateway system constructed in this article has complete functions and better performance than the common open-source IPSec frameworks OpenSwan and strongSwan, and can meet the application requirements of IoT data encryption transmission.
FOUCAULT E O GOVERNO DA VONTADE
Authors: RODRIGUES MALCOM
Published: June 2024

Nosso objetivo é apresentar as bases norteadoras de uma pesquisa intitulada “Foucault e o governo da vontade”. Trata-se de delinear o campo de trabalho e defender a pertinência de seus resultados, à luz da genealogia da subjetividade de Foucault. A partir desta genealogia, a problematização dos modos pelos quais se tornaram possíveis as patologizações da sexualidade, na contemporaneidade, pressupõe a devida compreensão da articulação entre a experiência cristã da carne e o dispositivo moderno de sexualidade.
A FENOMENOLOGIA DA CONSCIÊNCIA INTERNA DO TEMPO DE EDMUND HUSSERL
Authors: Carneiro de Oliveira Isabela Carolina
Published: June 2024

O artigo prioriza, por uma questão de necessidade epistemológica, a análise sobre a primeira fase de investigação sobre o tempo elaborada por Edmund Husserl, sem desconsiderar alguns dos conceitos que surgem em outros períodos, pois esses são fundamentais ao entendimento do tempo fenomenológico. Observamos que Husserl desde o início define como essenciais: (i) a unidade da consciência-tempo [Zeitbewuβtsein], (ii) o seu fluxo constitutivo do tempo, e (iii) as fases constituídas neste fluxo. Porquanto, a protoimpressão, a retenção e a protensão são fases da consciência em que se tem a experiência do objeto imanente. Por conseguinte, temos que a consciência-tempo não possui como correlato os dados imanentes que duram, mas sim as fases que constituem essas unidades. Finalmente, tematizamos a função dos conteúdos sensíveis, pois um relato sobre as sínteses temporais permaneceria incompleto se não explicasse as conexões no nível dos dados hiléticos com os vividos intencionais.
A INEVITÁVEL DOSE DE FICÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM
Authors: SANTAELLA MARIA LUCIA
Published: June 2024

RESUMO: A concepção de Flusser, de que a distinção entre o ficcional e o não ficcional não é ontologicamente fundamental, é uma concepção original, mas, ao mesmo tempo, enigmática. Diante disso, por meio de uma metodologia semiótica-cognitiva, este artigo visa explorar esse enigma ao tomar como foco de discussão o modo como essa concepção se comporta na ciência, então, na fotografia, seguida das perplexidades da filosofia. Por fim, o artigo pretende resgatar a especificidade da ficção que é própria das obras literárias em que a criação humana expõe seus poderes da imaginação.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ficção, Ciência, Fotografia, Filosofia, Literatura.
 
ABSTRACT: Flusser's conception that the distinction between the fictional and the non-fictional is not ontologically fundamental is an original conception, but, at the same time, it is enigmatic. Given this, through a cognitive-semiotic methodology, this article aims to explore this enigma by taking as focus of discussion the way this conception behaves in science, then in photography, followed by the perplexities of philosophy. Finally, the article aims to rescue the specificity of fiction that is characteristic of literary works in which human creation exposes its powers of imagination.
KEYWORDS: Fiction, Science, Photography, Philosophy, Literature.
Three-photon and four-photon absorption in lithium niobate measured by the Z-scan technique: erratum
Authors: Benabdelghani Imene , Tóth György , Krizsán Gergő , Bazsó Gábor , Szaller Zsuzsanna , Mbithi Nelson , Rácz Péter , Dombi Péter , Polónyi Gyula , Hebling János
Published: June 2024

A misprint in our manuscript published in Opt. Express 32(5), 7030 (2024) 10.1364/OE.505995 has been reported and corrected.
Homogeneous large field-of-view and compact iSCAT-TIRF setup for dynamic single molecule measurements
Authors: Eggeling Christian , De Angelis Giovanni , Abramo Jacopo , Miasnikova Mariia , Taubert Marcel , Reina Francesco
Published: June 2024

Interferometric Scattering Microscopy (iSCAT) enables prolonged and high frame rate Single Particle Tracking (SPT) for single molecule dynamics studies. Typically, iSCAT setups employ scanning illumination schemes to achieve uniform sample illumination. However, this implementation limits the field of view (FoV) and maximum sampling rate, while increasing hardware requirements and setup size. We demonstrate the realization of a large (60µm x 60µm) uniformly illuminated FoV through a passive refractive optical element in the iSCAT illumination path. This scanning-free iSCAT microscopy setup is further combined with an objective based Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRF) channel for a complementary fluorescence readout, a focus-lock system, and a tailored control platform via the open-source ImSwitch software, and has a compact footprint. As a proof-of-principle, we highlight the performance of the setup through the acquisition of iSCAT images with a uniform contrast and a ≤10 nm localization precision throughout the whole FoV. The performance is further demonstrated through dynamic iSCAT SPT and imaging Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of lipid diffusion in a model membrane system. Our iSCAT setup thus depicts an accurate and improved way of recording fast molecular dynamics in life sciences.
Umdenken beim Verkauf von Business-to-Business-Lösungen: Integration von Marketing, Vertrieb und Customer Success Management
Authors: Durst Carolin , Pöppelbuß Jens
Published: June 2024

Die Vermarktung und der Vertrieb von komplexen Produkt- und Dienstleistungsbündeln in Business-to-Business-Märkten wird als Solution Selling bezeichnet. Dieser Verkaufsansatz vermarktet keine einzelnen Produkte oder Dienstleistungen, sondern maßgeschneiderte Lösungen. Die Komplexität und Individualität der verkauften Lösungen erzeugt einen erhöhten Bedarf an relevanter und genauer Information auf beiden Seiten: Potenzielle Käufer recherchieren bereits vorab nach potenziellen Lösungen und die Anbieter müssen wiederum die Situation des Käufers verstanden haben. Für dieses tiefgreifende Verständnis der Kundenanforderungen sowie die passgenaue Distribution notwendiger Informationen ist eine enge Zusammenarbeit von Marketing, Vertrieb und Customer Success Management notwendig. Traditionelle Unternehmensstrukturen weisen jedoch oft eine Trennung zwischen Abteilungen auf, was zu Effizienzverlusten in der Kundenansprache und -bindung führen kann. Besonders in mittelständischen Unternehmen dominiert häufig der Vertrieb, während das Marketing unterrepräsentiert ist und das Customer Success Management in der Entwicklung hinterherhinkt. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen integrierten Verkaufsansatz vor und zeigt strategische Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Integration auf. Diese umfassen u. a. die Dezentralisierung von Entscheidungsprozessen, die Bildung funktionsübergreifender Teams oder die Einführung integrativer Rollen wie die eines Chief Revenue Officer (CRO).
Single-cell analysis identifies PLK1 as a driver of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in LUAD
Authors: Kong Yifan , Li Chaohao , Liu Jinpeng , Wu Sai , Zhang Min , Allison Derek B. , Hassan Faisal , He Daheng , Wang Xinyi , Mao Fengyi , Zhang Qiongsi , Zhang Yanquan , Li Zhiguo , Wang Chi , Liu Xiaoqi
Published: June 2024

PLK1 (Polo-like kinase 1) plays a critical role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Recent studies have unveiled that targeting PLK1 improves the efficacy of immunotherapy, highlighting its important role in the regulation of tumor immunity. Nevertheless, our understanding of the intricate interplay between PLK1 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains incomplete. Here, using genetically engineered mouse model and single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we report that PLK1 promotes an immunosuppressive TME in LUAD, characterized with enhanced M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and dampened antigen presentation process. Mechanistically, elevated PLK1 coincides with increased secretion of CXCL2 cytokine, which promotes M2 polarization of TAM and diminishes expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) in professional antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, PLK1 negatively regulates MHC-II expression in cancer cells, which has been shown to be associated with compromised tumor immunity and unfavorable patient outcomes. Taken together, our results reveal PLK1 as a novel modulator of TME in LUAD and provide possible therapeutic interventions.
Spatio—Temporal distribution of a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Pintomyia longiflocosa, in a population from the Colombian Andean Mountains
Authors: Muñoz-Ortiz Astrid , Beltrán Miguel , Vargas Durango Jennifer , Mestre Gelys , Santamaria Herreño Erika , Escovar Jesús E.
Published: June 2024

Background

Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease and public health concern, is associated with various factors such as biological, social, economical conditions and climate, increasing the risk of human infection. Understanding the population dynamics of the vectors, like Pintomyia longiflocosa, and its relationship with ecological variables is crucial for developing effective strategies to control sand fly populations and combat cutaneous leishmaniasis in a tropical country like Colombia.

Methodology

Adult sand flies were collected in three different sample locations: outdoor, indoor, and peri-domestic areas in three houses located in the rural settlement of Campoalegre (Huila) between February 2020 and February 2021, using the CDC light traps. The sand fly density was quantified and associated with the sample locations and the sampling months using Analysis of Variance and Pearson correlations.

Principal findings

In the period of the sample, 98.86% of sand fly collected was identified as Pi. longiflocosa. The density of this species was significantly different between males and females, the latter contributing more to density in all sample locations (P<0.0001). The outdoor was the sample location with the highest and most significative density in this study (70%, P = 0.04). The density of these sand flies is related to the seasonality of Campoalegre, revealing a density peak from February and June to October (P < 0.05). Finally, precipitation is the environmental variable prominently linked to the density pattern, showing a negative correlation with it. Months with the highest precipitations show the lowest values of Pi. longiflocosa abundance.

Conclusions/Signicance

Our investigation reveals a inverse correlation between precipitation levels and the abundance of Pi. longiflocosa in Campoalegre (Huila), particularly in outdoor areas. This suggests that vector control strategies to periods of reduced precipitation in outdoor settings could offer an effective approach to minimizing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region.
Fusarioid keratitis and other superficial infections: A 10-years prospective study from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira da Cunha Neto Jose , da Silva Rocha Walicyranison Plinio , Makris Georgios , Sandoval-Denis Marcelo , Hagen Ferry , Crous Pedro Willem , Chaves Guilherme Maranhão
Published: June 2024

Background

Fusariumand allied genera (fusarioid) species are common colonizers of roots and aerial plant parts, or act as phytopathogens in forestry and horticultural or grain crops. However, they can also cause a wide range of infections in humans, including onychomycosis, cutaneous and invasive infections. Fusarioid keratitis is characterized by an infection of the cornea with a suppurative and ulcerative appearance, which may cause damage to vision and permanent blindness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fusarioid species, biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility profiling of clinical isolates recovered from patients with keratitis and dermatomycoses.

Methodology/Principal findings

The study was performed between March, 2012-December, 2022. Demographic, clinical and epidemiological data of patients were also collected. In the present study, most of the patients with keratitis were male (74%), had a median age of 42 years old, worked with plant material or debris and 26% of them reported eye trauma. Regarding dermatomycosis, most of patients were female and exhibited toenail lesions. Forty-seven isolates belonged to the genusNeocosmospora(78.33%), nine to theFusarium fujikuroi(15%) and four to theFusarium oxysporum(6.66%) species complexes. Several strains were moderate biofilm producers, specifically amongFusarium annulatum. Most strains showed increased MICs to amphotericin B and ketoconazole and low MICs to itraconazole. MICs ranged from 0.25 to 16 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.0625 to >16 μg/mL for ketoconazole and 0.125 to 8 for itraconazole.

Conclusions/Significance

It is possible to conclude that fusarioid keratitis in Northeastern Brazil is an important and neglected disease, given the high number of cases, increased need for keratoplasty and poor outcome of the disease.
Examining associations between mental health and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (C-NCDs) among older adults in Wakiso, Uganda
Authors: Bulamba Robert M. , Nalugoda Fred , Nkale James , Kigozi Godfrey , Ochieng A. Malachi , Kyasanku Emmanuel , Watya Stephen , Olwa Vitalis Ofumbi , Daama Alex , Nkwanzi Violet , Kiwanuka Deusdedit , Mugamba Stephen , Kigozi Grace , Wagman Jennifer , Ekström Anna Mia , Nakigozi Gertrude , Miller Amanda P.
Published: June 2024

Background

Globally, the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (C-NCDs) and occurrence of multi-morbidity specifically, has been increasing and will continue to rise as life expectancy increases. The burden of mental health disorders has also been rising globally. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), literature on these health issues, which are interrelated, is scarce. This study assesses the prevalence of C-NCDs, and depressive and anxiety symptomology and examines the relationship between these issues among a sample of older adults in Uganda.

Methods

Between 2021–2022, 604 consenting adults aged 35 years and older were surveyed on a broad range of health issues for the ongoing AMBSO Population Health Surveillance (APHS) cohort study in Wakiso district. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize the burden of C-NCDs (e.g. diabetes, hypertension), depression (PHQ-9 using a cutoff of <5 scores for minimal/no and 5+ for mild to severe symptomology) and anxiety (GAD-7 using a cutoff of 5+ scores for mild to severe symptomology). Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were built using STATA software version 16.0 to examine associations between mental health disorders and having at least one C-NCD. Our exposures of interest were depressive and anxiety symptoms and our outcomes of interest was presence of C-NCDs.

Results

Majority of participants were females (63.6%), median age was 46 (IQR: 39–54). Any C-NCDs prevalence was 18.7%, while 18.9% and 11.4%, had screening scores indicative of depressive and anxiety symptomology, respectively. Three percent (3.2%) had PHQ-9 scores indicative of moderate to severe depressive symptomology. In models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, there was 12% increased odds of suffering from C-NCDs for every unit increase in PHQ-9 score (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10–1.20). Participants with any anxiety symptoms had 2.1 greater odds of suffering from C-NCD compared to those who did not have anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.21–3.70).

Conclusion

C-NCDs were prevalent in older adults, particularly among those experiencing mental health symptoms. Screening for C-NCDs and mental health disorders should be integrated into routine health care for older adults in the country. Early screening and identification of these health issues through primary health care could significantly reduce the public health burden attributable to mental health disorders and the incidence of multi-morbidity in Uganda.
Assessment of the pre-emptive effect of photobiomodulation in the postoperative period of impacted lower third molar extractions: A randomized, controlled, double-blind study protocol
Authors: Salaberry Daniel Rodríguez , Bruno Laura Hermida , Cirisola Rolf Wilhem Consolandich , Longo Priscila Larcher , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Gonçalves Marcela Letícia Leal , Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Gimenez Thais , Duran Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez , Motta Lara Jansiski , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Mesquita Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos
Published: June 2024

Photobiomodulation is a safe option for controlling pain, edema, and trismus when applied postoperatively in third molar surgery. However, administration prior to surgery has been under-explored. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of pre-emptive photobiomodulation in reducing postoperative edema in impacted lower third molar extractions. Two groups of healthy individuals undergoing tooth extraction will be randomly assigned: Control group receiving pre-emptive corticosteroid and simulated photobiomodulation, and Photobiomodulation Group receiving intraoral low-intensity laser and extraoral LED cluster application. The primary outcome will be postoperative edema after 48 h. The secondary outcomes will be pain, trismus dysphagia, and analgesic intake (paracetamol). These outcomes will be assessed at baseline as well as two and seven days after surgery. Adverse effects will be recorded. Data will be presented as means ± SD and a p-value < 0.05 will be indicative of statistical significance.
Targeting GPVI with glenzocimab in COVID-19 patients: Results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pottecher Julien , Raffi Francois , Jandrot-Perrus Martine , Binay Sophie , Comenducci Andrea , Desort-Henin Violaine , François Déborah , Gharakhanian Shahin , Labart Marilyn , Meilhoc Adeline , Toledano Elie , Pletan Yannick , Avenard Gilles , Sato Victor H. ,   the GARDEN Investigators
Published: June 2024

Background

Glenzocimab is a novel antithrombotic agent which targets platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and does not induce haemorrhage. SARS-CoV-2 triggers a prothrombotic state and lung injury whose mechanisms include coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation with dysregulated platelets.

Methods and patients

GARDEN was a randomised double-blind, exploratory phase II study of glenzocimab in SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure (NCT04659109). PCR+ adults in Brazil and France (7 centres) were randomized to standard-of-care (SOC) plus glenzocimab (1000 mg/dayx3 days) or placebo, followed for 40 days. Primary efficacy endpoint was clinical progression at Day 4. All analyses concerned the intention-to-treat population.

Results

Between December 2020 and August 2021, 61 patients received at least one dose (30 glenzocimab vs 32 placebo) and 58 completed the study (29 vs 29). Clinical progression of COVID-19 ARDS was not statistically different between glenzocimab and placebo arms (43.3% and 29.0%, respectively; p = 0.245). Decrease in the NEWS-2 category at D4 was statistically significant (p = 0.0290) in the glenzocimab arm vs placebo. No Serious Adverse Event (SAE) was deemed related to study drug; bleeding related events were reported in 6 patients (7 events) and 4 patients (4 events) in glenzocimab and placebo arms, respectively.

Conclusions

Therapeutic GPVI inhibition assessment during COVID-19 was conducted in response to a Public Health emergency. Glenzocimab in coagulopathic patients under therapeutic heparin was neither associated with increased bleeding, nor SAE. Clinical impact of glenzocimab on COVID-19 ARDS was not demonstrated. A potential role for GPVI inhibition in other types of ARDS deserves further experimentation. Glenzocimab is currently studied in stroke (ACTISAVE: NCT05070260) and cardiovascular indications.
The time-varying effects of geopolitical risk on mutual fund risk taking
Authors: Liu Jie , Chen Zhenshan , Zhu Yinglun , Chen Yangfa , Huang Yaoye
Published: June 2024

Based on a time-varying parameter vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR-SV), this paper investigates the dynamic effects of geopolitical risk on mutual fund risk taking in China across three-time horizons and at three selected time points. Overall, the impulse responses are time-varying and we find a negative effect of geopolitical risk on mutual fund risk taking until 2015, with the short-term effect being the most pronounced, suggesting that when professional investors such as mutual fund managers are faced with the stock valuation uncertainty due to a geopolitical shock, they choose to reduce market risk exposures. After 2015, the short-term effect begins to diminish and gradually turns positive, which could be explained by the fact that with the increasing abundance and diversification of investment instruments, fund managers have more effective investment tools and more sophisticated trading strategies to hedge against geopolitical risk, rather than reducing market risk exposure. Further, we explore the heterogeneous effects of eight types of geopolitical risk and three types of mutual fund. The results indicate that the effect of geopolitical actions is stronger than that of geopolitical threats, while the effect of narrow geopolitical risk is stronger than that of broad geopolitical risk. Moreover, we find that the response of the risk taking of growth funds to the geopolitical risk is weaker than that of balanced and income funds.
Epidemiology of non-trauma orthopedic conditions among inpatients admitted at a tertiary teaching and referral hospital in Kenya: A chart review
Authors: Omondi Maxwell Philip
Published: June 2024

Non-traumatic orthopedic conditions are pathological conditions involving musculoskeletal system that includes muscles, tendons, bone and joints and associated with frequent medical and surgical care and high treatment costs. There is paucity of information on the pattern of non-traumatic orthopedic conditions in low and middle income countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of non-traumatic orthopedic conditions among inpatients at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 175 charts reviewed. Approximately, 70.3% of the inpatients were aged between 25 to 64 years of age with the mean age of 39.97 years (STD 18.78). Ever married tended to be older 53.5 (95% CI: 46.8–60.2) years than other marital statuses. Approximately, 60.6% were males, 38.9% had comorbidities and 49.1% were casuals or unemployed. All inpatients were Kenyans with Nairobi County comprising 52.6% of all inpatients. Approximately, 77.7% were self-referrals. The commonest non-trauma orthopaedic conditions were infection and non-union (35.4%) and spinal degenerative diseases (20.60%) and the least was limb deformities (1.70%). Compared to females, males were 3.703 (p<0.001) times more likely to have infection and non-union. Patients with primary, secondary and tertiary education were 88.2% (p<0.001), 75.6% (p<0.001) and 68.1% (p = 0.016) less likely to have infection and non-union compared to those with no or preschool education. Widows were 8.500 (p = 0.028) times more likely to have spinal degenerative disease than married. Males were 70.8% (p = 0.031) less likely to have osteoarthritis than females. Inpatients with secondary education were 5.250 (p = 0.040) times more likely to have osteoarthritis than those with no or preschool education. In conclusion, majority of inpatients were young and middle aged adults. Infection and non-union and spinal degenerative diseases were the most common non-trauma orthopedic conditions. While males and those with low education were more likely to have infection and non-union, married were more likely to have spinal degenerative disease. Osteoarthritis was more likely among female admissions.
An intertextual reading of the novel Defend the Name
Authors: Guadu Ayenew
Published: June 2024

The general objective of this intertextual analysis’s was to explore Wolde’s novelDefend the Name(1969) with the view to identify and interpret the several thematic and stylistic intertexts that are woven throughout the narrative. Based on available research, there is a scarcity of critical studies that have utilized the theory of intertextuality for the analysis and interpretation of Ethiopian prose fiction in English, particularly within the novel genre. The current study was aimed to partially fill in this critical gap. In doing so, the theory of intertextuality is employed as theoretical-analytical framework of the study. The findings of this intertextual analysis concentrated on the thematic and stylistic intertexts that were woven throughout the plot of the bookDefend the Name. These intertexts included biblical allusions, colonial literary devices, contemporary theoretical and ideological works, and cultural and historical discourses that the book intertextually engages with in addition to other literary and nonliterary works. This study provides insightful information about the thematic diversity of Defend the Name and its involvement with multiple intertexts through its intertextual analysis. It enhances the reader’s comprehension of the story, characters, and larger sociopolitical situations that the novel addresses, demonstrating the author’s skill in fusing together a variety of literary, scriptural, ideological, and cultural aspects.
Perceived overqualification as a double-edged sword for employee creativity: The mediating role of job crafting and work withdrawal behavior
Authors: Jiang Daokui , Ning Lei , Zhang Yiting
Published: June 2024

With the continuous development of education level and the downturn of economic situation, employment competition is intensifying, more and more high-quality talents appear, and the misfit between people and posts has become a common phenomenon. However, there is no consensus on the relationship between perceived overqualification and employee creativity. Based on the conservation of resource theory, this study reveals the micro mechanism and boundary conditions of the influence of excessive qualification on employee creativity. This study analyzed 487 valid samples obtained in three stages. The results show that: (1) Job crafting has a positive mediating effect on perceived overqualification and creativity, and the path of the two halves is positive; (2) Work withdrawal behavior plays a negative mediating role between the perceived overqualification and creativity. The path in the first half is positive, and the path in the second half is negative; (3) Organizational identity moderates the effect of perceived overqualification on job crafting and work withdrawal behavior. Specifically, the higher the sense of organizational identification, the stronger the positive effect of perceived overqualification on job crafting and the weaker the positive effect on work withdrawal behavior; (4) Organizational identification moderates the mediating role of job crafting and work withdrawal behavior in the relationship between overqualification and creativity. Specifically, the higher the organizational identity, the stronger the indirect positive effect of perceived overqualification on creativity through job crafting, and the weaker the indirect negative impact of perceived overqualification on creativity through work withdrawal behavior. The study conclusion deepens the research on the mechanism of the influence of the perceived overqualification on employees’ work behavior, and provides practical enlightenment for the organization and management of employees with excess qualification.
Investigating demic versus cultural diffusion and sex bias in the spread of Austronesian languages in Vietnam
Authors: Thao Dinh Huong , Dinh Tran Huu , Mitsunaga Shigeki , Duy La Duc , Phuong Nguyen Thanh , Anh Nguyen Phuong , Anh Nguyen Tho , Duc Bui Minh , Hue Huynh Thi Thu , Ha Nguyen Hai , Ton Nguyen Dang , Hübner Alexander , Pakendorf Brigitte , Stoneking Mark , Inoue Ituro , Duong Nguyen Thuy , Hai Nong Van
Published: June 2024

Austronesian (AN) is the second-largest language family in the world, particularly widespread in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and Oceania. In Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), groups speaking these languages are concentrated in the highlands of Vietnam. However, our knowledge of the spread of AN-speaking populations in MSEA remains limited; in particular, it is not clear if AN languages were spread by demic or cultural diffusion. In this study, we present and analyze new data consisting of complete mitogenomes from 369 individuals and 847 Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 170 individuals from all five Vietnamese Austronesian groups (VN-AN) and five neighboring Vietnamese Austroasiatic groups (VN-AA). We found genetic signals consistent with matrilocality in some, but not all, of the VN-AN groups. Population affinity analyses indicated connections between the AN-speaking Giarai and certain Taiwanese AN groups (Rukai, Paiwan, and Bunun). However, overall, there were closer genetic affinities between VN-AN groups and neighboring VN-AA groups, suggesting language shifts. Our study provides insights into the genetic structure of AN-speaking communities in MSEA, characterized by some contact with Taiwan and language shift in neighboring groups, indicating that the expansion of AN speakers in MSEA was a combination of cultural and demic diffusion.