bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I am not alone”. A qualitative feasibility study of eating disorders prevention groups for young females with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hage Trine Wiig , Nilsen Jan-Vegard , Karlsen Katrine M. , Lyslid Martine H. , Wennersberg Anne Louise , Wisting Line
Published: March 2023

Objective

The overall aim of the current study was to qualitatively explore the feasibility of eating disorder prevention groups for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Method

A generic qualitative focus group design was applied. 17 participants accepted the invitation to attend focus group interviews after completing the intervention. Five focus groups were conducted in total.

Results

The qualitative analysis generated one overarching theme, named the benefit of meeting peers with a lived experience of T1D and body image concerns, and four themes: the need for an integrated focus on diabetes, personal relevance, providing sufficient balance between structure and flexibility and enabling a different perspective.

Conclusion

Results show overall positive feedback regarding the content and structure of the intervention, and underline the importance of targeting preventive efforts to specific risk groups.
Monitoring consumption Switzerland: data, background, and use cases
Authors: Brown Martin , Fengler Matthias R. , Huwyler Jonas , Koeniger Winfried , Lalive Rafael , Rohrkemper Robert
Published: March 2023

Monitoring Consumption Switzerland is a public–private partnership between the University of St. Gallen and the payment companies Worldline and SIX that processes and publishes payment data on transactions in Switzerland processed by Wordline/SIX in real time. This paper provides background information on this novel source of data and presents their attributes, aggregation and granularity, and their interpretability. The paper presents several use cases that show the strengths of the data, and it alerts future users of the data to possible challenges. The paper also discusses the project's impact and provides an outlook.
Dry mouth effects from drugs used for depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder in adults: systematic review
Authors: Teoh Cherilyn Xue Wei , Thng Millie , Lau Serene , Taing Meng-Wong , Chaw Sarah Y. , Siskind Dan , Kisely Steve
Published: March 2023

Background

Poor oral health is increasingly recognised as an important comorbidity in people with psychiatric illness. One risk factor is psychotropic-induced dry mouth.

Aims

To perform a systematic review of the severity of dry mouth due to psychotropic drugs in adults (CRD42021239725). Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Method

We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Web of Science. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) measuring the severity of drug-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.

Results

Eighteen RCTs with 605 participants were included. Severity of drug-induced dry mouth was compared among eight drug classes and/or against placebo. All studies were published 20 to 40 years ago and included tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other drug classes. Meta-analysis was not feasible owing to design heterogeneity. TCAs caused more severe dry mouth, both objectively and subjectively, than placebo or other drug classes. SSRIs were generally associated with less severe symptoms. However, there was no information on antipsychotics or more recently available antidepressants, and there was minimal information on mood stabilisers. Most studies were on healthy subjects, limiting the generalisability of findings. Only one study measured both objective and subjective dry mouth, which have different clinical implications.

Conclusions

Psychotropic-induced dry mouth is a poorly researched area, and well-designed RCTs of newer psychotropic drugs using standardised objective and subjective measures are indicated. Given the ongoing use of TCAs for treatment-resistant depression, prescribers need to remain vigilant for xerostomia.
Longitudinal MRI Shows Progressive Decline in Pancreas Size and Altered Pancreas Shape in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wright Jordan J , Dulaney Aidan , Williams Jonathan M , Hilmes Melissa A , Du Liping , Kang Hakmook , Powers Alvin C , Moore Daniel J , Virostko John
Published: March 2023

Context

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a smaller pancreas, but longitudinal changes in pancreas size and shape are unclear.

Objective

We monitored changes in pancreas size and shape after diagnosis with T1D.

Design

We conducted a prospective cohort study at an academic medical center between 2014 and 2022.

Patients and Healthy Controls

Individuals with T1D (n = 91) or controls (n = 90) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas, including longitudinal MRI in 53 individuals with new-onset T1D.

Intervention

Interventions included MRI and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Main Outcome Measures

Pancreas size and shape were measured from MRI. For participants who used CGM, measures of glycemic variability were calculated.

Results

On longitudinal imaging, pancreas volume and pancreas volume index normalized for body weight declined during the first year after diagnosis. Pancreas volume index continued to decline through the fifth year after diagnosis. A cross-sectional study of individuals with diabetes duration up to 60 years demonstrated that pancreas size in adults negatively correlated with age and disease duration, whereas pancreas volume and pancreas volume index remained stable in controls. Pancreas volume index correlated inversely with low blood glucose index, a measure of risk for hypoglycemia. Pancreas shape was altered in individuals with T1D and further diverged from controls over the first 5 years after diagnosis. Pancreas size and shape are altered in nondiabetic individuals at genetic risk for T1D. Combined pancreas size and shape analysis better distinguished the pancreas of individuals with T1D from controls than size alone.

Conclusions

Pancreas size declines most rapidly near the clinical diagnosis of T1D and continues to decline throughout adulthood. Declines in pancreas size are accompanied by changes in pancreas shape.
“How to Not Win Friends”
Authors: Tally Rebecca
Published: March 2023

In the mid-twentieth century, both public and private US development agencies organized a variety of global agricultural development programs based on various interpretations of modernization theory. In much of the existing historical literature about modernization theory and practice, these public and private agencies are often seen as closely coordinating with each other to achieve both development goals and US global hegemony. This article questions how closely coordinated such efforts were through an analysis of Rockefeller Foundation interactions with other US-based agricultural modernization programs and activities in Colombia in the 1950s and 1960s. Where the Rockefeller Foundation promoted Colombian wheat production, the USDA and other US-based agencies criticized that production and instead promoted the importation of US-grown wheat through the PL 480 program. The article utilizes Rockefeller Foundation records to examine how disparate meanings of modernization manifested themselves in mundane conflicts. Seemingly petty squabbles among US development actors in Colombia reveal the contours of their distinct views of modernization and demonstrate the need for more analysis of the practice of modernization and development programs rather than just the theories that underlay them.
WarGamesand the Refamiliarization of the Hacker
Authors: Mehrstam Christian
Published: March 2023

John Badham's cult film WarGames (1983) is widely recognized as one of the most influential narratives shaping the popular image of the hacker. Research and critiques are, however, conflicted regarding what that influence is. Some see it as troubling and countercultural, others as light-hearted and conservative. Little attention has been given to the fact that WarGames is a convergent narrative working across multiple media. In a study of David Bischoff's eponymous tie-in novel, this article reveals a composite genre vehicle focused on the new kind of kid rather than the new technology. The protagonist is presented as an outsider by means of literary science fiction devices, only to be made more “normal” and recognizable as part of the school story, love story, and thriller. This refamiliarization gives WarGames a conservative potential, less evident but still present in the film. While it cannot completely neutralize the countercultural character of the hacker gestalt, it seeks to affect the audience's interpretation of WarGames as a media ensemble. The article's result brings nuance to the conflicted assessments of WarGames and contributes to the understanding of the narrative's influence on digital youth discourse at the peak of the personal computer revolution.
Engels after Frankfurt: Nature and Enlightenment in Critical Theory
Authors: Shafer Matt
Published: March 2023

The Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt facilitated the first publication of Friedrich Engels’s controversial Dialectics of Nature manuscripts in the 1920s. Yet the subsequent work of the institute’s most influential members almost entirely turned away from the approach to natural science that Engels had advocated. The result was an indispensably incisive critique of social domination and a deepening skepticism about natural-scientific contributions to the construction of the postcapitalist alternative. Through a new reading of the development of Max Horkheimer’s analysis of empiricism and an original reconstruction of Engels’s unjustly maligned philosophy of nature, this essay outlines how critical theory can move beyond the pessimism about technoscientific practice that characterized the Frankfurt School’s most influential early work—without forfeiting the historical insight such pessimism once animated.
The Inversions of Walter Benjamin’s Anarchism
Authors: Britt Brian
Published: March 2023

Walter Benjamin’s ambivalent engagement with anarchist thought extends beyond well-known works from the early 1920s such as “Critique of Violence” (1921). Contemporary anarchist thinkers, including Gustav Landauer and Georges Sorel, influenced Benjamin and many of his associates, including Ernst Bloch, Erich Unger, Hugo Ball, and Gershom Scholem. This article describes the place of anarchism in Benjamin’s work, particularly in the fragment “World and Time” (1919) and in the essay on surrealism (1929), as a rhetorical double inversion, in which two reversals reconceptualize anarchist thought to yield original insights on questions of political agency, aesthetics, and tradition.
A Sympathy with Death: Weimar Politics from Heidegger to Mann
Authors: Hoffmeyer John
Published: March 2023

The controversial issue of Martin Heidegger’s Nazism has posed hermeneutic challenges since well before the philosopher’s death. This essay approaches the political-philosophical conflict of Heidegger’s early work not through consideration of explicitly problematic statements and writings but through comparison of the structural framework of Being and Time (1927) with Thomas Mann’s roughly contemporaneous theoretical accomplishment in The Magic Mountain (1924). Specifically, the essay argues for a deep affinity between the two texts’ constellations of language, temporality, and death. By demonstrating the extensively documented ties between the novel’s philosophical framework and Mann’s politics, the essay claims that any understanding of Heidegger’s work must be contextualized alongside its concrete political valences in shifting ideological paradigms of the early Weimar Republic. This analysis suggests a new mode of ethical critique of Heidegger’s magnum opus that focuses more on the text’s greater theoretical edifice than on the problematization of localized passages.
A rapid review of the prevalence and onset of urticaria triggered by COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Fadhal Irsyad , Febriana Sri Awalia , Kusuma Arditya Damar , Oktarina Dyah Ayu Mira
Published: March 2023

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is essential to reduce the spread of this disease virus and is very effective at preventing patients with severe symptoms of the disease from dying. As of February 2022, more than 10 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccine have been administered worldwide, and at least 60% of the world's population have received the first dose of the vaccine. The increasing number of populations receiving the COVID-19 vaccine has increased reports of post-immunization follow-up events, one of which is urticaria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and onset of urticaria due to the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: This study used a rapid review method based on previous research on the prevalence and onset of urticaria due to the COVID-19 vaccine. The articles were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles containing data on the prevalence and onset of urticaria due to the COVID-19 vaccine, published from December 2020 – January 2022.

Results: From the search results and article selection, 20 articles were included in this study. There are 7 articles containing prevalence data, 11 articles containing onset data, and 2 articles containing prevalence and onset data. Research in these articles was conducted in several different countries. There were seven types of vaccine used with doses of 1 or 2. The sample age ranged from 16 to 76 years. In all of the articles, the sample and the incidence of urticaria were mostly female. There were a history of allergies and atopic history in the sample studied.

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of urticaria in the population given the COVID-19 vaccine ranged from 0.035% to 3.2%. The time of onset of urticaria in the population given the COVID-19 vaccine ranged from 5 minutes to 10 days.
Comparison of Masimo Total Hemoglobin SpHb® continuous non-invasive hemoglobin monitoring device with laboratory complete blood count measurement using venous sample: Protocol for an observational substudy of the Pregnancy Risk and Infant Surveillance and Measurement Alliance Maternal and Newborn Health (PRISMA MNH) study
Authors: Farooq Fouzia , Smith Emily R. , Pan Qing , Glass Baumann Sasha , Akelo Victor , Jehan Fyezah , Kasaro Margaret , Nisar Imran , Ouma Gregory , Vwalika Bellington , Price Joan T. , Hoodbhoy Zahra
Published: March 2023

Background: The Masimo Total Hemoglobin SpHb® is a continuous and non-invasive handheld device to measure hemoglobin levels.  Previous research has found that SpHb is able to accurately detect hemoglobin levels in adult patients with a similar degree of bias and standard deviation to point-of-care invasive method measurements.  Generally, limited clinical evidence, lack of validation of Masimo at higher than and lower than hemoglobin threshold values, and scientific consensus supporting the use of Masimo for accurate hemoglobin testing for the diagnosis of anemia during pregnancy calls for further research.

Methods and analysis: The proposed prospective cohort will be nested within the ongoing Pregnancy Risk and Infant Surveillance and Measurement Alliance (PRISMA) Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) study. Three study sites (located in Zambia, Kenya, and Pakistan) will participate and collect hemoglobin data at five time points (<20 weeks, 20 weeks, 28 weeks, 36 weeks’ gestation, and six weeks postpartum). We will measure hemoglobin using a venous blood sample via hematology auto-analyzer complete blood count (gold standard) and the non-invasive device. The primary objective is to assess agreement between Masimo total hemoglobin and complete blood count and on a continuous scale using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Bland-Altman Analysis. The second objective is to assess agreement between the two measures on a binary scale using Positive Percentage Agreement and Negative Percentage Agreement, Cohen’s Kappa, and McNemar Test. On an ordinal scale, agreement will be measured using Weighted Cohen’s Kappa and Harrel’s Concordance Index. Lastly, we will assess factors that might affect the accuracy of Masimo total hemoglobin using linear mixed models.

Conclusions: The primary aim of this study is to assess the validity of the non-invasive Masimo device compared to the gold standard method of invasive hemoglobin measurements during pregnancy and postpartum periods for the diagnosis of anemia.
Antenatal care quality: pregnant women's experiences attending a maternity teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Alabi Deborah I , Ojewale Lucia Y , Akingbade Oluwadamilare
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims

Antenatal care prepares pregnant women for a safe childbirth. However, little is known in Ibadan, Nigeria about pregnant women's perception of the quality of antenatal care. This study's aim was to explore these perceptions.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 289 pregnant women attending Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital in Ibadan. Data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics and their perception of antenatal care were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. The relationship between sociodemographics and perception of antenatal care was tested using Pearson correlation and a one sample t-test was used to test the overall perception of the quality of care.

Results

Participants felt that the antenatal care that they received was of good quality. There was a significant relationship between perception of antenatal care and the reason for commencing antenatal care (P=0.012), as well as education (P=0.049).

Conclusions

Women felt they had received good quality antenatal care and were satisfied with the time spent with doctors and midwives, as well as the services they received during antenatal care. The quality of antenatal care should be sustained by creating awareness programmes to all individuals irrespective of educational attainment.
Pedagogy-Andragogy Continuum with Cybergogy to Promote Self-Regulated Learning: A Structural Equation Model Approach
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Baharuddin Fiskia Rera , Takbir Takbir , Setialaksana Wirawan , Hasim Muhammad
Published: March 2023

The increasing sophisticated learning technology and COVID-19 have pushed the teaching-learning process to use pedagogy, andragogy, and cybergogy approaches. The current research aims to investigate the relationship between the practices of these three approaches and student self-regulated learning. The structural equation model used indicates that pedagogy practices may affect the andragogy practices in teaching-learning process. Pedagogy approach shows no direct effect but has an indirect effect on students’ self-regulated learning. The indirect effect comes from the pedagogy-andragogy continuum and the impact of pedagogy instruction on cybergogy practices. Andragogy practices also gives a significant impact on students’ self-regulated learning and how the students use learning technology in cybergogy approach. Andragogy and the continuum of cybergogy promote students’ self-regulated learning. These results indicate that pedagogy-andragogy continuum can have an interplay with cybergogy. The interplay of these approaches may encourage students’ self-regulated learning. The current research can be a baseline to construct a new approach in teaching-learning process and its instructions in the classroom.
The Abrupt Shift to Online Learning During the Pandemic: Focus on Teachers’ Experiences and Perspectives
Authors: Garcia Rizaldy E. , Santos Andres R. Delos , Buraga Jeremias F.
Published: March 2023

The study explored the perspectives and experiences of the participating teachers regarding the sudden switch to online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic. 159 teachers from four junior high schools in Taguig City, Philippines, provided the data. The study used the quantitative approach to research, specifically it utilized the descriptive method using survey as way to gather data. The data was statistically analyzed using the frequency distribution, percentage formula, mean, and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The study's findings show that the respondents' perceptions and experiences during the sudden change to online learning, which was caused by the pandemic that focuses on internet access, digital infrastructure, administrator assistance, and learning environments, are typically similar. Additionally, there were no significant differences found between the participants’ responses and their demographics as to sex, highest educational attainment, years in service and specialization.
Scientific Experiments in Moroccan High Schools Life Science Courses: Constraints and Solutions
Authors: Bouzit Sophia , Alami Anouar , Selmaoui Sabah , Rakibi Youness
Published: March 2023

The teaching of experimental sciences in high school contributes to the development of a set of cognitive, methodological, and psychomotor skills among learners. Combining, both theoretical and practical aspects, it involves an important use of scientific experiments in the process of knowledge construction. With the help of appropriate tools that include interviews and observation of teaching practices, data related to the constraints encountered in the implementation of scientific experiments in the high school life sciences classroom was collected as well as proposals of solutions to overcome these constraints. The results show the existence of a set of constraints that oppose the realization of experiments in class. These constraints are not only limited to insufficient or deficient external factors but also to the teachers' relationship to knowledge which influences their choice of teaching activities within a predefined curriculum.
HIP FRACTURE PATIENTS WITH DELIRUM HAVE A HIGHER MORTALITY RISK, LONGER LENGTH OF STAY, AND INCREASED CARE NEEDS ON DISCHARGE: THE IMPACT DELIRIUM STUDY
Authors: Hall A.J. , Penfold R.S. , Duckworth A.D. , Clement N.D. , MacLullich A.M.J.
Published: March 2023

Hip fracture patients are vulnerable to delirium. This study examined the associations between delirium and outcomes including mortality, length of stay, post-discharge care requirements, and readmission.

This cohort study collected validated healthcare data for all hip fracture patients aged ≥50 years that presented to a high-volume centre between March 2020-November 2021. Variables included: demographics, delirium status, COVID-19 status, treatment factors, and outcome measures. Wilcoxon rank sum or Chi-squared tests were used for baseline differences, Cox proportional hazard regression for mortality, logistic regression for post-discharge care requirements and readmission, and linear regression for length of stay. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, pre-fracture residence type and COVID-19.

There were 1822 patients (mean age 81 years; 72% female) of which 496/1822 (27.2%) had delirium (4AT score ≥4). Of 371/1822 (20.4%) patients that died within 180 days of admission, 177/371 (47.7%) had delirium during the acute stay. Delirium was associated with an increased 30- and 180-day mortality risk (adjusted HR 1.74 (95%CI 1.15-2.64; p=0.009 and 1.74 (1.36-2.22; p<0.001), respectively), ten day longer total inpatient stay [adj. B.coef 9.80 (standard error 2.26); p<0.001] and three-fold greater odds of higher care requirements on discharge [Odds Ratio 3.07 (95% Confidence Interval 2.27-4.15; p<0.001)].

More than a quarter of patients had delirium during the hip fracture stay, and this was independently associated with increased mortality, longer length of stay, and higher post-discharge care requirements. These findings are relevant for prognostication and service planning, and emphasise the importance of effective delirium screening and evidence-based interventions in this vulnerable population.
A ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS OF DISSATISFACTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SUBACROMIAL DECOMPRESSION SURGERY
Authors: Desai T. , Hoban K. , Ridley D. , Jariwala A.C.
Published: March 2023

Sub-acromial decompression surgery (SAD) has been widely used to treat shoulder impingement. Its validity has been questioned in multi-centric clinical trials and dissatisfaction rates can be high (35%). It is difficult to predict which patients will benefit operatively as research into predictive factors is limited. The study aim was to conduct a root-cause analysis of reasons for dissatisfaction in a cohort of operated patients.

All patients with SAD dissatisfaction in the local Upper Limb database between 2015-19 (n=74/296) formed our study cohort. Patients were scored on Oxford shoulder score (OSS), QuickDASH score, EQ-5D-3L (TTO+VAS) at weeks 26 and 52 post-operatively. Patients' clinical history, radiographs, consultation and operative notes were reviewed.

28% of patients were dissatisfied with surgery. Mean age =52.3±13.4 years with equal gender distribution. 87% were operated arthroscopically. 67% were in physically demanding occupations. There was a significant increase in OSS and QuickDASH at weeks 26 and 52 post-operatively (p<0.05), similar improvement was not noted in VAS pain score. Pain followed by stiffness were the main contributors of dissatisfaction. Multiple implicating factors were noted, the most common being acromio-clavicular joint arthritis (25.7%), suggesting concomitant pathologies as an additional cause for patient dissatisfaction.

This is the first study to evaluate reasons for dissatisfaction following SAD. We noted high rates (28%) of dissatisfaction and a predilection for those involved in physically demanding occupations. We recommend meticulous pre-operative workup to identify co-existing pathologies and appropriate pre-operative counselling to improve outcomes in selected patients needing SAD following failure of conservative management.
Network-forming oxides with non-centrosymmetric structural groups – diffraction results on molybdate and tellurite glasses
Authors:   Rostock University, Hoppe Uwe
Published: March 2023

The structural units of two types of conditional glass-forming oxides are irregular polyhedra whose distorted shapes result from intrinsic electronic causes. First example: The d0-transition metal cations Mo6+ form an amount of MoO6 in Ag molybdate glasses with the Mo6+ cation displaced towards an octahedral edge. Reverse Monte-Carlo results and comparisons with crystal structures corroborate the earlier diffraction interpretations of three distinct Mo−O distances in the MoO6 units. The post-transitional main group cation Te4+ forms high fractions of TeO5E units in phosphate glasses, where E denotes the lone-pair corner of the structural group. Instead of the regular TeO5E pyramids known for some related crystals, only irregular units are found in the glasses. The bond valences of their longest Te−O bonds are small, requiring the occurrence of three-fold coordinated oxygens.
Benefits and Challenges of Isomorphism in Single-page Applications: Case Study and Review of Gray Literature
Authors: Huotala Aleksi , Luukkainen Matti , Mikkonen Tommi
Published: March 2023

An isomorphic web application shares code between the server and the client by cleverly combining suitable parts of server-rendered applications and single-page applications.
In this article, we study the benefits and challenges of isomorphism in single-page applications in terms of a gray literature review and a case study. The case study was conducted as a developer interview, where developers familiar with isomorphic web applications were interviewed. The results of both studies are then compared and the key findings are compared together. The results show that isomorphism in single-page applications brings benefits to both the developers and the end-users. Isomorphism in single-page applications is challenging to implement and has some downsides, but they mostly affect developers. Implementing isomorphism enables sharing code between the server and the client, but it increases the complexity of the application. Framework and library compatibility are issues that must be addressed by the developers.
Eco-turismo como un medio de desarrollo comunitario: El caso de la población indígena del Gran Caribe
Authors: Garraway Jasmin
Published: March 2023

El mercado mundial ofrece muchas clases de turismo con tipologías tan diversas como las experiencias demandadas por los turistas. Los destinos se especializan en modelos turísticos que satisfacen las necesidades y deseos del mercado turístico al cual atraen. Sin embargo, la investigación y la experiencia han demostrado que los diferentes modelos turísticos afectan de diferentes maneras a la población local de los destinos. Por ejemplo, algunos modelos favorecen la participación de comunidades históricamente marginadas más que otros. Este artículo se centra en dos modelos turísticos: el ecoturismo y el turismo basado en la comunidad. De naturaleza conceptual, se construye sobre investigaciones académicas previas e información secundaria aplicando el tópico del uso del ecoturismo como medio de desarrollo comunitario. Presenta exitosos estudios de casos de ecoturismo basados en la comunidad, haciendo una referencia especial a las poblaciones indígenas del Gran Caribe para establecer dichas conexiones. Hay razones para creer que las lecciones derivadas de estos estudios del caso serán de interés y de uso para otras comunidades indígenas en el Gran Caribe y similares regiones geográficas en búsqueda de una vía alternativa de desarrollo que conserve las áreas naturales al mismo tiempo que capitalice la oportunidad para el desarrollo del bienestar social y la diversificación económica, tanto para las presentes generaciones como para las futuras.
Espacios abandonados y mitos de lugar: Pioneros del turismo en la Riviera Maya mexicana
Authors: Redclift Michael R.
Published: March 2023

La creación de espacios existenciales, como parte del tejido de la historia medioambiental, se ve claramente en las cuentas de la costa caribeña de México, el estado actual de Quintana Roo, conocido como Riviera Maya.A lo largo del tiempo observamos: en primer lugar, una “naturaleza salvaje” descubierta por los arqueólogos; en segundo lugar, un “recurso natural” frontera de la extracción de chicle para la manufactura comercial del producto; tercero, un “espacio abandonado” identificado y explotado por los primeros empresarios turísticos y, en cuarto lugar, un “paraíso tropical” promesa de escapada para los turistas internacionales y convirtiendo la naturaleza en bien de consumo, parque temático, complejo de ocio y de actividad crucerística. El artículo nos lleva a cuestionar “espacio” y “lugar” dentro del léxico del turismo global, y a sugerir la importancia del contexto histórico en la explicación del consumo del espacio.
La contribución del turismo al crecimiento económico en América Central y el Caribe
Authors: Brida Juan Gabriel , Fabbro Giovanna
Published: March 2023

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribución del turismo al crecimiento  económico en América Central y un grupo de países del Caribe (Bahamas, Dominica, República Dominicana y Santa Lucia). Utilizando una metodología recientemente presentada por Ivanov and Webster (2007), este trabajo utiliza la tasa de crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita como una medida del crecimiento económico. Esta puede ser desagregada en una componente de crecimiento atribuible al turismo y una segunda componente de crecimiento generada por el resto de las industrias de la economía. Esta metodología que tiene la característica de generar una medida del desempeño de la contribución pasada del turismo al crecimiento económico se aplica para el periodo 1990- 2007. Los resultados se comparan con los de un grupo de destinos desarrollados que incluyen a España, Francia, Italia, Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos de América. La comparación entre estos dos grupos muestra que la contribución del Turismo al PIB es en general más alta para el grupo de destinos desarrollados pero no está asociada necesariamente con una contribución mayor al crecimiento de la economía.
Venice As Pedestrian City And Tourist Magnet Mass Events And Ordinary Life
Authors: Mamoli Marcello , Michieletto Paolo , Bazzani Armando , Giorgini Bruno
Published: March 2023

En Venecia, la famosa red de vías peatonales merece atención y análisis ya que se enfrenta muy frecuentemente a eventos masificados. Incluso la movilidad ordinaria cuenta con necesidades particulares. La eficiencia de la carretera principal, las infraestructuras ferroviarias, y el hub principal de intercambio modal, depende de la calidad del servicio de la infraestructura peatonal de la antigua ciudad. Este es el tema de una original investigación.
La sostenibilidad del ecoturismo en Tanzania a través del empoderamiento comunitario
Authors: Pasape Liliane , Anderson Wineaster , Lindi George
Published: March 2023

Este estudio explora la contribución del empoderamiento comunitario a la sostenibilidad del ecoturismo en Tanzania, a través de programas de educación, el acceso a la información y el lenguaje. Por medio del método de encuesta, se recogieron datos de los actores del ecoturismo de Tanzania ( N = 250 ) en las ocho regiones seleccionadas: Dar es Salaam, Pwani , Morogoro , Tanga y Zanzíbar (para el circuito turístico del Este ), y Arusha, Kilimanjaro y Manyara (para el circuito Norte) y, posteriormente, se empleó un análisis cualitativo complementado con la estimación del modelo de regresión logística multinomial. Los resultados muestran que los agentes del turismo carecen de conocimientos suficientes sobre la conservación y preservación del ecoturismo. Así mismo los miembros de la comunidad tienen poco acceso a la información debido a la falta de publicaciones sobre ecoturismo, centros de información turística, un mecanismo fiable para la comunicación entre actores y el uso de lenguas extranjeras en la mayoría de las publicaciones. Por tanto, la recomendación de este estudio es que los miembros de la comunidad estén empoderados a través disponer de programas de educación adecuados y acceso a la información pertinente y el uso de un lenguaje que sea comprendido por ellos con el fin de ampliar su nivel de comprensión, mejorar sus habilidades de gestión y contribuir de manera significativa a las actividades relacionadas con el ecoturismo.
El Derecho al Turismo Cultural de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Lázaro Fernández Yolanda , Madariaga Ortuzar Aurora
Published: March 2023

Al inicio de este siglo XXI hablar de la existencia del Derecho al Ocio no debiera ser algo sorprendente puesto que, este derecho, es una conquista social reconocida en numerosas e importantes declaraciones de organismos internacionales. En estos inicios del siglo XXI, el Ocio está siendo reconocido cada vez más como un elemento de la calidad de vida de las sociedades y de los individuos. Incluso puede decirse que se ha producido un reconocimiento institucional de este fenómeno, y los poderes públicos están implicados en cuestiones económicas y políticas, gestión de equipamientos, servicios, publicidad, etc., de los diferentes entornos de ocio (cultura, deporte, turismo y recreación).Se parte de la defensa y reivindicación del Derecho al Ocio ya que éste es un derecho reconocido dentro de la Tercera Generación de Derechos Humanos y como tales son atributos innatos al ser humano, es decir, que nacen con él y que son inseparables de su condición de persona. Partiendo de estas ideas, no sería necesario justificar el derecho al disfrute del turismo y del turismo cultural por parte de las personas con discapacidad, pero la realidad demuestra que esto no siempre es así, puesto que este derecho no siempre está garantizado para todos los ciudadanos.Este artículo, que pretende ser una aproximación al concepto de Derecho al Ocio, hará un acercamiento al concepto de Derecho y su evolución, donde se incluye la aparición del Ocio como un derecho humano. Continúa acercándose a los organismos internacionales que han trabajado el Derecho al Ocio, desde sus diferentes ámbitos, centrándose fundamentalmente en la Cultura y el Turismo, para finalmente aproximarse a esta realidad en el contexto del Estado Español. Es decir, presentará un breve análisis de la normativa turística internacional y estatal desde la perspectiva de la persona con discapacidad, intentando mostrar en qué grado o medida la normativa internacional y estatal en el ámbito del turismo ha tenido en cuenta los condicionantes, demandas y necesidades del turista con cualquier tipo de discapacidad.
Work In Progress: The Role Of Higher Education In Post-Conflict Tourism Development, A Case Study From Rwanda
Authors: Callixte Kabera , Werdler Karel
Published: March 2023

El turismo y la hospitalidad han sido reconocidos como un factor económico importante en todo el mundo, y la competencia entre los destinos por el turista actual y futuro sólo ha vuelto más feroz. Dentro de estos mercados establecidos, como es el caso de los mercados de safari y playa de Africa del Este, no será fácil para los nuevos destinos diferenciarse y ofrecer un producto complementario o nuevo. Especialmente en el caso de Ruanda, plagado por una historia reciente de violencia y cuya imagen todavía se ve afectada, este objetivo no puede ser fácil de realizar. Sin embargo, con el apoyo de socios internacionales y la dedicación y ambiciones del gobierno nacional, en colaboración con los actores locales, Ruanda está avanzando. Aunque este caso de estudio se refiere a un ejemplo de África puede haber sugerencias y lecciones aprendidas que podrían inspirar a otros destinos a continuar por un camino similar.
Análisis del perfil, motivaciones, y valoraciones de los turistas gastronómicos. El caso de la República Dominicana
Authors: Orgaz-Agüera Francisco , López-Guzmán Tomás
Published: March 2023

República Dominicana destaca por el turismo de sol y playa, y por ello, es importante analizar las motivaciones de los turistas que visitan otras áreas que se encuentran fuera de estos polos turísticos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la gastronomía como factor que puede fortalecer el turismo en este país en vías de desarrollo, a través de una encuesta que nos permite conocer el perfil, motivaciones y valoraciones de los turistas. La zona estudiada corresponde a la ciudad de Dajabón, localizada al noroeste del país, haciendo frontera con Haití. Entre los resultados, cabe destacar que los visitantes que llegan a esta área geográfica son jóvenes con alto nivel de educación, pero que tienen unos ingresos bajos. La motivación principal viene marcada por comer y beber, si bien, también destacan otras motivaciones como relajación y ocio; y su satisfacción por la gastronomía y por el destino es alta.
Análisis de del Rendimiento de la Demanda del Turismo Internacional en Tanzania
Authors: Ndiege Benson Otieno
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo analiza el rendimiento de la industria turística de Tanzania, que depende de la escena turística patrimonio natural recursos naturales en particular mediante la evaluación de la tendencia y la previsión de la demanda turística internacional. El número de llegadas de turistas internacionales en Tanzania se utiliza como aproximación para medir la demanda turística internacional. El uso de los datos para el período de 2001q1- 2010q4 y utilizando el modelo ARIMA, el estudio afirma que la demanda turística internacional en Tanzania está creciendo aunque de muy bajo ritmo de alrededor de 1% por año. Esto es menos que el crecimiento promedio mundial que se ha informado por la Organización Mundial del Turismo (OMT) en 2012 para llegar a 5.4% anual. Por otra parte, la demanda turística internacional Tanzania es cada vez menos competitiva y ha estado fluctuando con los años. Así, para obtener lo suficiente del mundo crece la demanda turística internacional el desarrollo de la escena artificial turismo para complementar el patrimonio natural y el desarrollo de nuevos productos turísticos se debe dar más atención en el desarrollo de la industria turística de Tanzania.
Aplicaciones Móviles: Mejorar la imagen corporativa de los aeropuertos y diferenciarlos ante la competencia
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro
Published: March 2023

La imagen que proyectan los aeropuertos a través de sus apps afectan directa e indirectamente en la satisfacción del pasajero. Hoy día los aeropuertos compiten entre si para captar un mayor números de aerolíneas y pasajeros, con el objetivo de incrementar sus ingresos comerciales. Las aplicaciones aeroportuarias como herramienta de marketing están ofreciendo un abanico de oportunidades al binomio pasajero y aeropuerto. Si los aeropuertos quieren mejorar la experiencia del pasajero y diferenciarse de los demás, las aplicaciones son la mejor solución. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que la percepción de la imagen del aeropuerto tiene un efecto positivo o negativo en la satisfacción del cliente. Nuestro modelo de ecuación estructural, ratifica que la  proyección de la imagen del aeropuerto a través de la app mejora la seguridad-control del pasajero, además de tener efectos positivos en la venta cruzada. Este estudio proporciona una mirada al futuro de como funcionará la actividad mercantil de los aeropuertos en los medios interactivos.
Direct frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging using simultaneous ultraviolet and visible excitation
Authors: Serafino Michael J. , Jo Javier A.
Published: March 2023

Due to the complexity, limited practicality, and cost of conventional fluorescence lifetime imaging/microscopy (FLIM) instrumentation, FLIM adoption has been mostly limited to academic settings. We present a novel point scanning frequency-domain (FD) FLIM instrumentation design capable of simultaneous multi-wavelength excitation, simultaneous multispectral detection, and sub-nanosecond to nanosecond fluorescence lifetime estimation. Fluorescence excitation is implemented using intensity-modulated CW diode lasers that are available in a selection of wavelengths spanning the UV-VI-NIR range (375-1064 nm). Digital laser intensity modulation was adopted to enable simultaneous frequency interrogation at the fundamental frequency and corresponding harmonics. Time-resolved fluorescence detection is implemented using low-cost, fixed-gain, narrow bandwidth (100 MHz) avalanche photodiodes, thus, enabling cost-effective fluorescence lifetime measurements at multiple emission spectral bands simultaneously. Synchronized laser modulation and fluorescence signal digitization (250 MHz) is implemented using a common field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This synchronization reduces temporal jitter, which simplifies instrumentation, system calibration, and data processing. The FPGA also allows for the implementation of the real-time processing of the fluorescence emission phase and modulation at up to 13 modulation frequencies (processing rate matching the sampling rate of 250 MHz). Rigorous validation experiments have demonstrated the capabilities of this novel FD-FLIM implementation to accurately measure fluorescence lifetimes in the range of 0.5-12 ns. In vivo endogenous, dual-excitation (375nm/445nm), multispectral (four bands) FD-FLIM imaging of human skin and oral mucosa at 12.5 kHz pixel rate and room-light conditions was also successfully demonstrated. This versatile, simple, compact, and cost-effective FD-FLIM implementation will facilitate the clinical translation of FLIM imaging and microscopy.
Coupled mode theory revisited: the role of the network topology and ordered directionality
Authors: de Rezende Guilherme F. M. , Kersul Cauê M. , Barea Luís A. M. , Ascenção Gabriel R. , de Assis Pierre-Louis , Frateschi Newton C.
Published: March 2023

We propose a theoretical correction to the coupled mode theory (CMT) to describe three or more coupled optical resonators considering the topological placement of each resonator and the light flow direction. This work allows an expansion of the CMT approximation for strong coupling and is validated by employing the transfer matrix method. A model of the three coupled resonators was studied in detail to provide evidence of the significant improvement in predicting the transmission spectrum of dark modes.
Effect of TeO2 on optical and 1.06  µm emission in Nd3+-doped phosphate glass for high-power lasers
Authors: Mada Radha , Meruva Seshadri , Bell Maria José V. , Anjos Virgilio
Published: March 2023

In this work, we deal with glass composition, 29P2O5+(60−x)ZnO+10Na2O+xTeO2 (x=5−40mol.%) doped with 1 mol.% of Nd2O3. The samples are characterized by x ray diffraction, micro-Raman, optical absorption, and photoluminescence techniques. Refractive index (n) linearly increased with TeO2 content, as well as the optical basicity (Λ) due to the strengthening of the covalent bond between cation and oxide ions. Such information was corroborated by Raman spectra via an increase of non-bridging oxygens. The maximum phonon energy is approximately 1010cm−1, which is lower than reported for P2O5−ZnO−Na2O phosphate glass (1164cm−1). Detailed spectroscopic and luminescent properties based on TeO2 content are discussed. From luminescence spectra, laser parameters were estimated, viz., radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and emission cross sections. The results show that the optimal laser emission parameters are obtained for TeO2 content equal to 20 mol.%, which evinces this glass composition as a promising host material for 1.06 µm high-power laser applications.
Robust polarization state generation for long-range quantum key distribution
Authors: Stein Abigail , López Grande Ignacio H. , Castelvero Lorenzo , Pruneri Valerio
Published: March 2023

We present a new compact and robust polarization state transmitter designed to execute the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Our transmitter prepares polarization states using a single commercial-off-the-shelf phase modulator. Our scheme does not require global biasing to compensate thermal and mechanical drifts, as both of the system’s two time-demultiplexed polarization modes share a single optical path. Furthermore, the transmitter’s optical path entails a double-pass through the phase modulation device for each polarization mode, allowing multiple phase rotations to be impinged on each light pulse. We present a proof-of-concept prototype of this transmitter topology and demonstrate a mean intrinsic quantum bit error rate below 0.2% over a 5 hour measurement.
Simple technique of coupling a diode laser into a linear power buildup cavity for Raman gas sensing
Authors: Ge Hu , Kong Weipin , Wang Rui , Zhao Gang , Ma Weiguang , Chen Weigen , Wan Fu
Published: March 2023

We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, and simple technique to lock a 642 nm multi-quantum well diode laser to an external linear power buildup cavity by directly feeding the cavity reflected light back to the diode laser for enhancement of gas Raman signals. The dominance of the resonant light field in the locking process is achieved by reducing the reflectivity of the cavity input mirror and thus making the intensity of the directly reflected light weaker than that of the resonant light. Compared with traditional techniques, stable power buildup in the fundamental transverse mode TEM00 is guaranteed without any additional optical elements or complex optical arrangements. An intracavity exciting light of 160 W is generated with a 40 mW diode laser. Using a backward Raman light collection geometry, detection limits at the ppm level are achieved for ambient gases (N2, O2) with an exposure time of 60 s.