bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5. Specific role of lawyers and the legal perspective in the development of Integrative Bioethics in Croatia
Authors: Muzur Amir , Rinčić Iva
Published: November 2023

Bien que les premières formes de dispositions juridiques concernant la recherche médicale en Croatie (l’ex-Yougoslavie) soient entrées en vigueur au cours des années 1970 (réglementation du travail des « commissions pour les drogues »), une présence plus active et l’impact de la loi au sein de la bioéthique remontent aux années 1990. A côté de la nouvelle Loi sur la Protection de la Santé (1997) – les articles 51 et 52 exigent l’établissement de comités d’éthique et réglementent le cadre de leurs devoirs, l’introduction et le succès de la loi sont une conséquence de changements politiques et de l’ouverture internationale, influençant l’éducation, la recherche, la santé et la politique sociale. La progression ultérieure de la discipline juridique au sein de la bioéthique est à noter non seulement en ce qui concerne le travail d’éminents experts juridiques, mais aussi dans le courant dominant de la bioéthique croate, en particulier la Bioéthique Intégrante d’Ante Čović. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les principaux représentants de la perspective et de la discipline juridiques au sein des tendances bioéthiques modernes en Croatie, ainsi que de clarifier quelques-unes des nombreuses influences fascinantes.
Chapitre 6. El papel de la bioética en el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos en México: una visión de esperanza y vida duradera para los mexicanos
Authors: Ortega Marín Blanca Andrea
Published: November 2023

La Constitution politique des États-Unis du Mexique (CPEUM) date du 5 février 1917. Elle reconnaît que toutes les personnes bénéficient des garanties accordées par la Constitution, qui ne peuvent être restreintes ou suspendues, sauf dans certains cas et sous les conditions qu’ elle établit. À l’occasion du centenaire de la promulgation de sa Magna Carta, le Mexique traverse une crise économique, politique, sociale et gouvernementale profonde et la perte de l’accès aux droits humains fondamentaux pour survivre. Parmi les effets de cette situation, 44 millions de personnes sont en âge de se préparer à entrer sur le marché du travail et à investir l’économie mexicaine au cours des quatre prochaines décennies. Cependant, leur situation économique les empêche de disposer des ressources nécessaires pour accéder à une alimentation adéquate, payer des frais d’études et entrer sur le marché du travail. Cette réalité oblige à explorer les causes possibles de cette situation et à proposer des alternatives viables qui pallient – à moyen terme – les immenses carences des Mexicains et ramènent l’espoir de voir apparaître des possibilités pour une vie durable.
Eugénisme et avortement au Mexique (1920-1940)
Authors: Urías Horcasitas Beatriz , Cujo Philippe
Published: November 2023

Les débats à propos de la régulation de l’avortement, dans les années qui suivirent la révolution de 1910, furent pensés au prisme de la construction de la nation et de l’identité. Le pouvoir post-révolutionnaire se construisit sur une rationalité et une morale eugénistes. L’idée de pratiquer des avortements eugénistes pour améliorer la population, en épurant cette dernière de maladies vénériennes ou héréditaires, fut constitutive des débats en amont d’une politique sanitaire et hygiéniste. Si la nouvelle morale révolutionnaire fut définie en opposition radicale aux principes religieux, elle coïncida pourtant parfaitement avec les vues de l’Église pour assigner les femmes à la maternité, interdire l’avortement choisi et exercer un contrôle de leur sexualité.
Prisonnière politique. Argentine 1975-1982
Authors: Toro Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Issue d’une famille démunie du nord-ouest de l’Argentine, Isabelle Toro raconte son expérience de prisonnière politique en Argentine. Son histoire, son enfance, ses engagements politiques, jusqu’à son arrivée en France après plus de sept ans de prison, prennent ancrage dans un contexte de violence politique et sociale. Ce récit de vie rend compte d’une période de violence extrême. L’installation d’un Etat terroriste et ses formes destructives sont décrites et analysées ainsi que les stratégies adoptées pour y résister. Expérience fondamentale de ce parcours de vie, la protagoniste se souvient, s’interroge, et met en discussion ce parcours afin de mieux appréhender ce qu’elle a vécu.
Postface. Penser l’expérience révolutionnaire et la prison
Authors: Bataillon Gilles
Published: November 2023

Comment ont été reçus les témoignages des survivantes des prisons militaires argentines ? Comment raconter ses années de militantisme révolutionnaire puis de prison quand s’est installé un climat de suspicion à l’encontre de celles qui eurent la chance de ne pas être assassinées comme des milliers de disparus des deux sexes ? C’est toute la finesse du travail d’introspection d’Isabel Toro que de ne pas se dérober devant la difficulté de telles interrogations quand on retrace son expérience de ces années. Comment raconter et penser les points saillants d’une telle expérience. De quelle façon les met-on en lumière en restituant au plus près possible les moments de certitudes comme ceux ou s’insinue le doute et surgissent les questions sur le sens d’un engagement ?
Racialisation et action publique : les intermédiaires entre appropriation et contestation des catégories ethniques et raciales
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris , Léobal Clémence
Published: November 2023

Comment visibiliser le rôle des institutions étatiques, y compris quand elles sont républicaines et color-blind , dans la production des catégorisations raciales ? Comment rendre compte des capacités créatrices voire contestatrices des personnes et groupes minorisé·es dans ces processus ? Dans cette introduction de dossier, nous déplions les liens entre action publique et racialisation : nous nous appuyons sur des définitions constructivistes des concepts de racialisation et de racisme institutionnel, qui allient l’analyse des structures discursives du racisme avec celle de leurs reformulations constantes, en situation, lors des interactions entre personnes minorisées et issu.es des majorités. Puis nous proposons une revue de littérature de travaux francophones qui ont abordé la question raciale en sociologie de l’action publique. Beaucoup de ces auteur·rices mobilisent la notion de discrimination et proposent une démonstration statistique. Nous nous référons ici plutôt à la racialisation comme un processus de catégorisation façonné par des rapports de pouvoir entre majorité et minorités, qu’il contribue à transformer en retour. Notre approche est étayée par l’ethnographie. Nous avons choisi un positionnement particulier pour ce dossier, auprès d’intermédiaires entre l’État et les publics minorisés racialement. Ce choix permet d’ouvrir le regard sur les capacités des personnes minorisées à co-produire, reformuler ou contester l’ordre social raciste.
Donner la parole aux immigré.es
Authors: Quercia Francesca
Published: November 2023

Depuis une trentaine d’années, avec la redéfinition des politiques culturelles et urbaines, les artistes se voient assigner des missions sociales : renforcer le « lien social », contribuer au décloisonnement des quartiers et à l’intégration des immigré.es. Ce processus touche de nombreux pays européens parmi lesquels l’Italie. Financées dans le cadre de programmes de rénovation urbaine, de nombreuses associations de théâtre ont ainsi investi les quartiers populaires. Elles y proposent des projets avec les populations immigrées, en affichant non seulement un objectif d’« intégration », mais aussi d’empowerment des participant.es. Basé sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée au sein d’une association de théâtre à Turin, cet article met en lumière la façon dont sa metteuse en scène réussit à se forger un rôle professionnel reconnu, en s’autodésignant en tant qu’intermédiaire entre les immigré.es et la société italienne. Si elle affiche un objectif d’émancipation de ces populations, elle se confronte ensuite à de nombreuses contradictions lors de la mise en œuvre des projets. Malgré ses croyances antiracistes, elle finit par contribuer à la minorisation des immigré.es. Basé sur une triple dynamique – de « racialisation », d’« ethnicisation » et de « culturalisation » –, ce processus assigne les minorisé.es à une altérité radicale, sur laquelle ils/elles ont peu de prise.
Fabriquer les « autochtones » que l’on voudrait préserver
Authors: Inda Daniele
Published: November 2023

Depuis les années 1970, à la suite de contestations de sa politique indigéniste jugée assimilationniste, l’État mexicain a déployé des politiques dites de « sauvegarde culturelle », qui visent la préservation des langues et des « cultures » amérindiennes. Cet article montre que ces politiques ont contribué à l’ethnicisation de certaines fractions des populations identifiées comme autochtones. La démonstration porte sur le cas des instituteurs de langue huichol du Nayarit, dans l’Ouest du pays. Au moment de leur recrutement, ces derniers avaient un style de vie proche de celui des habitants des zones urbaines, ainsi qu’une connaissance très limitée de la langue et des « traditions huichols ». Au cours de leur socialisation professionnelle, cependant, ils ont acquis des compétences et des dispositions qui les ont progressivement rapprochés de l’ image sociale de « l’indien authentique ». La portée de ces évolutions est telle que, de nos jours, ces fonctionnaires peuvent être perçus comme « plus autochtones » que les membres des autres fractions de la population de langue huichol. Il en résulte que les politiques de « sauvegarde culturelle » ont contribué à produire des « autochtones » dont le mode de vie correspond à celui qu’elles visent à « préserver ».
Face au racisme environnemental
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris
Published: November 2023

Cet article porte sur l’ethnicisation des luttes environnementales face aux politiques extractives au Pérou. Si la revendication d’une identité « indigène » dans ces mobilisations est bien connue, elle est rarement vue comme étant contrainte par les pouvoirs publics et les catégories dominantes de l’ethnicité qui en résultent. Par ailleurs, les processus d’ethnicisation ne doivent pas occulter les clivages internes aux groupes mobilisés. L’ethnographie des abords du plus ancien lot pétrolier de l’Amazonie péruvienne permet de saisir l’ambivalente influence de la racialisation de l’action publique sur les processus de mobilisation. L’article replace d’abord le développement de l’industrie pétrolière dans l’histoire régionale, simultanément marquée par des politiques extractives et par la racialisation d’une partie de sa population – dès lors confrontée au « racisme environnemental » dans la mesure où, en tant que minorisée, elle est particulièrement exposée à la toxicité de l’industrie pétrolière. L’article revient ensuite sur la construction, dans les mobilisations, d’une image sociale ethnique unifiée et sur la trajectoire de leaders disposé·es à s’approprier la catégorie d’« indigène » dans une perspective contestataire. Il étudie finalement, depuis l’espace villageois, la pluralité d’appartenances sociales et le processus d’ethnicisation des divergences ; celui-ci est propice à l’émergence de porte-parole en concurrence avec les leaders contestataires pour la représentation des populations locales face aux politiques extractives.
Time-reversibility and integrability of $ p:-q $ resonant vector fields
Authors: Giné Jaume , Romanovski Valery G. , Torregrosa Joan
Published: November 2023

We study the local analytical integrability in a neighborhood of $ p:-q $ resonant singular point of a two-dimensional vector field and its connection to time-reversibility with respect to the non-smooth involution $ \varphi(x, y) = (y^{p/q}, x^{q/p}). $ Some generalizations of the theory developed by Sibirsky for the $ 1:-1 $ resonant case to the $ p:-q $ resonant case are presented.
The invariant solution with blow-up for the gas dynamics equations from one-parameter three-dimensional subalgebra consisting of space, Galilean and pressure translations
Authors: Siraeva Dilara
Published: November 2023

In this paper, new results were presented on the symmetry reduction of gas dynamics system of partial differential equations following the general framework of Lev Ovsyannikov's article "The "podmodeli" program, Gas dynamics." We considered the gas dynamics equations with an equation of state prescribing the pressure as the sum of density function and entropy function. This system has a 12-dimensional Lie algebra and we considered its certain three-dimensional subalgebra generated by space translations, Galilean translations and pressure translation. For this subalgebra, the symmetry reduction of the original system leads to a system of ordinary differential equations. We obtained a family of exact solutions for this system, which describes the motion of particles with a linear velocity field and non-homogeneous deformation in the 3D-space. For these solutions, the trajectories of all points are either parabolas or rays. At $ t = 0 $ an instantaneous collapse occurs when all of the particles accumulate in a plane with infinitely many particles at every point of the plane. For a fixed period of time, the particles were emitted from the same point on a plane and ended up on the same line. The gas motion was vortex. A one-dimensional subalgebra embedded into three-dimensional subalgebra was considered. The invariants were written in a consistent form. It was shown that the submodel of rank one was embedded in the submodel of rank three.
Enhancing land cover classification in remote sensing imagery using an optimal deep learning model
Authors: Motwake Abdelwahed , Hashim Aisha Hassan Abdalla , Obayya Marwa , Eltahir Majdy M.
Published: November 2023

The land cover classification process, accomplished through Remote Sensing Imagery (RSI), exploits advanced Machine Learning (ML) approaches to classify different types of land cover within the geographical area, captured by the RS method. The model distinguishes various types of land cover under different classes, such as agricultural fields, water bodies, urban areas, forests, etc. based on the patterns present in these images. The application of Deep Learning (DL)-based land cover classification technique in RSI revolutionizes the accuracy and efficiency of land cover mapping. By leveraging the abilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) namely, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), the technology can autonomously learn spatial and spectral features inherent to the RSI. The current study presents an Improved Sand Cat Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning-based Land Cover Classification (ISCSODL-LCC) approach on the RSIs. The main objective of the proposed method is to efficiently classify the dissimilar land cover types within the geographical area, pictured by remote sensing models. The ISCSODL-LCC technique utilizes advanced machine learning methods by employing the Squeeze-Excitation ResNet (SE-ResNet) model for feature extraction and the Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit (SGRU) mechanism for land cover classification. Since 'manual hyperparameter tuning' is an erroneous and laborious task, the hyperparameter selection is accomplished with the help of the Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA). The simulation analysis was conducted upon the ISCSODL-LCC model using two benchmark datasets and the results established the superior performance of the proposed model. The simulation values infer better outcomes of the ISCSODL-LCC method over other techniques with the maximum accuracy values such as 97.92% and 99.14% under India Pines and Pavia University datasets, respectively.
Static term structure of interest rate construction with tension interpolation splines
Authors: Qin Xiangbin , Zhu Yuanpeng
Published: November 2023

Traditional theories of term structure of interest rate consist of four major classical theories, including Pure Expectation Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory, Preferred Habitat Theory and Market Segmentation Theory. However, they cannot be well interpreted by the traditional static term structure of interest rate methods such as polynomial spline and exponential spline. To address problems on low precision and weak stability of traditional methods in constructing static interest rate term structure curve, in this paper, we introduce the tension interpolation spline based on a fourth-order differential equation with local tension parameters calculated by Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) algorithm. Our primary focus is to illustrate its better prediction effect and stability with an empirical study conducted using datum of treasury bonds. Then, we divided the datum into intra-sample datum for estimating tension parameters and out-of-sample datum for evaluating their robustness of predicting stochastics collected from Shanghai Stock Exchange on $ {2^{{\rm{nd}}}} $ February, 2019. According to the principle of total least squares and total least absolute deviations, the result shows that the tension interpolation spline model has better precision and stronger stability in prediction of out-of-sample treasury bonds prices compared with the model established by polynomial spline and exponential spline. In addition, it can better explain the Liquidity Preference Theory, which confirms that it is suitable for constructing the static term structure of interest rates in the securities exchange market.
3D printed diffractive lenses operating at 1 THz
Authors: Komorowski Paweł , Kaluza Mateusz , Surma Mateusz , Siemion Agnieszka
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we demonstrate the manufacturing of diffractive optics for frequencies as high as 1 THz using a relatively simple and cost-effective fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technique. Four diffractive lenses were designed and manufactured from the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Fabrication of diffractive lenses for such high frequencies was possible due to an unusually small nozzle, refined printing procedures and a very transparent material. For the two of the manufactured lenses, more than twofold improvement in focusing efficiency has been shown in a direct comparison with their refractive counterparts. Moreover, the other two elements demonstrated the feasibility of lenses with very small f-numbers (0.95 and 0.63) with this technique.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Intellectual Landscape of Mobile Technology and Higher Education Research
Authors: Panackal Nehajoan , Sharma Adya , Rautela Sonica
Published: November 2023

Technology has become a crucial part of higher education. Higher education institutions have adapted to embrace technology-enabled classroom practices to meet the rising expectations of a varied student population while continually enhancing their learning experience. Mobile technology in higher education, in particular, has the opportunity to provide access to or improve education at a low cost with a less demanding infrastructure configuration. In the current study, the researchers aimed to better understand the intellectual landscape of mobile technology and higher education through bibliometric analysis of research articles published in the Scopus database. This research included a study of 277 papers published in Scopus-indexed peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2023. The citation network, co-citation analysis, and publication patterns were examined to discover influential work in this domain. Bibliometric analysis was used to identify the most notable journals, authors, nations, articles, and topics, followed by thoroughly examining the content of 277 papers in the identified clusters. The four major themes enumerated are—Rise of mobile learning, E-learning—the blended and collaborative way, Mobile Technologies in higher education, and Student Engagement in the times of mobile learning. The paper provides interesting insights into these emerging themes, the study will assist regulators, policymakers, and academic scholars in understanding the fundamentals of mobile technology and higher education and identifying pertinent topics for further research.
Quelques réflexions sur l’humour dans Penja els guants, Butxana (1985) de Ferran Torrent
Authors: Massip i Graupera Estrella
Published: November 2023

Cet article amorce quelques pistes de réflexion sur le fait humoristique dans Penja els guants, Butxana (1985) de Ferran Torrent : le dispositif communicationnel et énonciatif dans lequel il apparaît, la thématique sur laquelle il porte, les procédés langagiers (linguistiques et discursifs) qui le mettent en œuvre.
Take a walk on the wild side : sexe, argent et corruption dans Penja els guants, Butxana
Authors: Güell Mònica
Published: November 2023

On étudie ici trois aspects remarquables du roman Penja els guants, Butxana de Ferran Torrent : le sexe, l’argent et la corruption, ainsi que le style qui les sous-tendent.
Prediction of Early Heart Attack for Post-COVID-19 Patients Using IoT Sensors and Machine Learning
Authors: Indirani G. , Revathy G. , Ganesan Suresh Kumar Ramu , Palanimani P. G.
Published: November 2023

Medical professionals who work in the field of heart disease have their own set of limitations, and they can only anticipate heart attacks with a 67% accuracy rate. Doctors require a support system to better forecast heart disease in today's epidemic condition. This chapter describes the architecture for checking heart rate and other data monitoring approaches, as well as how to leverage machine learning techniques. One example of it is random forest classification algorithm to forecast heart attacks using gathered heart rate data and other health-related information. The methodology employed in this chapter is data gathering utilising IoT sensors for post-COVID-19 patients, and the patients' risk of heart attack is forecasted. The chosen random forest algorithm has a 93% accuracy rating.
Virtual Learning and Legal Education Emerging Trends, Adaptability, and Effectiveness
Authors: Kapoor Arpita , Pandey Adya , Rose Ekta
Published: November 2023

Virtual learning has made learning interesting and appealing. Legal education is not shielded from this wave of revolution. Online courses and hybrid courses have become popular among students. Virtual learning has benefited students in many ways. It has made learning flexible, cheaper, and more affordable. Learning, today, is possible from the convenience of home; it has become accessible by one and all, spreading across population, overcoming barriers of age and gender. Acknowledging the impact that technology has cast on legal education, through this chapter an attempt has been made to discuss the various avenues of virtual learning in relation to legal education. The chapter shall discuss the meaning and definition of virtual learning, the benefits that have accrued to the legal education sector due to the induction of technology, the various emerging trends in virtual learning, and how they have been included into the teaching pedagogy, as well as the future prospects of virtual learning in imparting of legal education.
Assessment of Quality Attributes of Mobile Learning Applications on Students' Satisfaction
Authors: Srivastava Karnika , Kumar Manoj , Verma Rinki , Maurya Pratibha
Published: November 2023

The present study develops and examines a research model extending from the Delone and Mclean information system success model by integrating perceived innovation of IT, perceived cost, and relative advantages construct of M-learning application quality; and provide the latest perceptions of students' satisfaction towards M-learning applications. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and probability proportional stratified sampling was conducted. Findings show a strong relationship between trait factors (mobile application content quality, mobile application quality, and mobile application service quality) with student satisfaction in relation to M-learning application quality. Results show other factors (perceived cost, perceived innovation, and relative advantages of mobile application) have positive and significant effect on students' satisfaction of M-learning application quality. The present study shall be beneficial in enhancing level of higher educational system by paying proper attention on successful implementation of application quality.
Education 4.0 Using AI With Reference to Edtech Industry
Authors: Srivastava Aniket , Verma Parul
Published: November 2023

Education 4.0 is a new paradigm shift in education driven by advancements in technology such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual and augmented reality, and the IOT (Internet of Things). AI is a key driver of this transformation and has the potential to revolutionize the way we teach and learn. This chapter explores the potential of AI-based edtech in the context of Education 4.0, its implications, and challenges. One way that the wave to audio framework can be used in educational technology is through the development of interactive learning materials. By incorporating audio waveforms into online textbooks, e-learning modules, and other digital learning resources, students can interact with the materials in new and engaging ways. For example, students could listen to an audio waveform of a teacher speaking about a particular topic while simultaneously viewing related visual content on a screen. This approach provides a more immersive and engaging learning experience that could enhance student engagement and knowledge retention.
Position of Blockchain
Authors: Tiwari Shrikant , Reddy R. Ravinder , Tyagi Amit Kumar
Published: November 2023

The convergence of Education 4.0 and Industry 5.0 represents a transformative paradigm shift in both the educational and industrial landscapes, driven by advanced technologies such as blockchain and the internet of things (IoT). This chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the integration of these technologies within the context of Education 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Next in the industrial sector, Industry 5.0 is characterized by the seamless integration of digital technologies, automation, and data-driven decision-making. Blockchain technology enhances transparency, security, and trust in supply chains, while IoT devices provide real-time data for optimizing processes (including few challenges like scalability, interoperability, cost, etc.). In the educational sector, Education 4.0 emphasizes personalized learning, digital literacy, and lifelong learning. Blockchain ensures the security and immutability of educational credentials, while IoT facilitates personalized learning experiences (with few challenges like data privacy, etc.).
The Crisis and Connection Between Organizational Culture and Performance in Law Enforcement
Authors: McLester Quatavia , Burrell Darrell Norman
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the crisis of law enforcement cultures that fail to address police brutality and misconduct, and the resulting lack of trust in police by marginalized communities. Through a review of the literature, this article examines the impact of law enforcement organizational cultures on employee performance. Finally, the article suggests that police departments must develop change management processes that incorporate an accountability system that holds officers accountable for their actions and provides a mechanism for addressing misconduct. Ultimately, this article argues that only by changing police cultures and engaging with communities meaningfully can trust between police and communities be restored.
From Crisis to Opportunity
Authors: Ahmad Munir
Published: November 2023

Volunteered geographic information is a crucial tool in disaster response and recovery, transforming data collection and sharing. It has significantly improved disaster management by providing insights into urgent needs, damage estimation, and resource allocation. The distribution of VGI during relief efforts has greatly benefited from social media platforms, supplemented by hashtags and machine learning techniques. Mobile and web-based technologies and community involvement have improved coordination and decision-making. VGI is crucial for monitoring development, evaluating infrastructure, and assisting risk assessment during the recovery phase. It's important to pay attention to issues like data quality, privacy, inclusivity, complexity, obsolescence, appropriateness, accessibility, and technological infrastructure. Future studies should concentrate on automated systems for data validation, resolving privacy and security issues, and encouraging marginalized people to participate.
Introduction to ML and IoT for Water Management
Authors: Poojitha Nalluri , Kuber B. Ramya , Vanshika Ambati
Published: November 2023

Planning, regulating, and sustainably using water supplies to meet various demands are all critical to managing water resources. A growing water shortage puts ecosystem health and mortal needs at risk, prompting creative solutions. The main objective is to investigate how ML, along with IoT synergies, optimise resource allocation, improve predictions for water distribution, improve quality surveillance, and identify leaks, ultimately promoting sustainability as well as informed decision-making. The study highlighted the significant potential of the ML-IoT fusion in transforming water management practises. This is accomplished by undertaking a thorough analysis of the current literature, which is supported by actual case studies. This investigation will ultimately shed light on the bright future of water resource management, wherein insights based on data as well as cutting-edge technology will pave the way for a more secure and sustainable water supply.
Optimizing Water Resources With IoT and ML
Authors: Chauhan Rakhi , Batra Neera , Goyal Sonali , Kaur Amandeep
Published: November 2023

The necessity for effective water management systems has increased recently due to the rising demand for water resources and the negative effects of climate change. This chapter gives a thorough investigation into the installation of a water management system (WMS) using machine learning (ML) and the internet of things (IoT) technologies to address these issues. The proposed WMS makes use of internet of things (IoT)-enabled sensors placed throughout various water infrastructure sites, including reservoirs, water supply networks, and pipelines to gather real-time information on critical variables like weather conditions, water quality, etc. The acquired data is then subjected to sophisticated ML algorithms to optimize water use and distribution. The WMS described in this chapter serves as an example of how ML and IoT have the potential to fundamentally alter current approaches to water management.
Utilizing Machine Learning for Enhanced Weather Forecasting and Sustainable Water Resource Management
Authors: Dhargalkar Risha , Cruz Viosha , Alzahrani Abdullah
Published: November 2023

Every phase of human life is influenced by nature; therefore, weather forecasting and water management are challenging tasks as they work according to environmental changes. The traditional weather forecasting model was done using historical data in a physics model, which leads to unsteady results. With machine learning and artificial intelligence advancement, weather forecasting and water management have undergone revolutions to predict future data analysis. This chapter provides an overview of essential weather forecasting attributes and different data acquisition and preprocessing elements in water management. The chapter's subsequent sections detail the many stages needed for weather forecasting and the various machine-learning algorithms that may be used to forecast weather conditions by recognizing patterns and then analyzing them. In addition to this, the chapter also highlights applications of water resource management. Since water is a vital resource, automation and controlling allocation and distribution are crucial tasks, which are also outlined.
Detection of Ephemeral Sand River Flow Using Hybrid Sandpiper Optimization-Based CNN Model
Authors: Thirumalraj Arunadevi , Anusuya V. S. , Manjunatha B.
Published: November 2023

Ephemeral sand rivers are a major supply of water in Southern Africa that flow continuously all year. The fact is a sizeable fraction of this water permeates the silt in the riverbed, protecting it from evaporation and keeping it available to farmers throughout the dry season. This study set out to investigate the usefulness of satellite optical data in order to assess the possibility for discovering unexpected surface flows. The spatio-temporal resolution required to identify irregular flows in the comparatively small sand rivers typical of dry regions. A hybrid pre-trained convolutional neural network is used to execute data categorization using the hybrid sandpiper optimization technique. Sentinel-2's higher spatial and temporal resolution allowed for accurate surface water identification even in conditions where river flow had drastically decreased and the riverbeds were heavily hidden by cloud cover. The model suggested in this study fared better than rival models in this field, obtaining a remarkable accuracy rate of 99.77%.
Reflexos da Reforma Trabalhista na mitigação das judicializações e no desempenho dos tribunais
Authors: Marques Silva Emmanuel , Aline de Souza Nayara , Maria Beuren Ilse
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Neste estudo investigam-se os reflexos da reforma trabalhista de 2017 na mitigação das judicializações trabalhistas e no desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho, além de verificar com ineditismo, seus efeitos na geração de empregos formais e na movimentação da economia, considerando regiões e setores econômicos.

Método: Pesquisa documental foi realizada em fontes governamentais e aos dados aplicou-se análise qualitativa comparativa de série temporal entre os anos de 2015 e 2020.

Originalidade: A análise reflexos da reforma trabalhista de 2017 no desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho mostra-se original, pois não foram encontrados trabalhos que analisassem os resultados da nova legislação no desempenho do judiciário trabalhista. Assim, tem o ineditismo de apresentar os reflexos da reforma na eficiência pública e na dinâmica processual, considerando regiões e setores econômicos.

Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, em geral, houve efeitos positivos na redução do número de processos trabalhistas no período pós reforma, mas há evidências para acreditar que no curto prazo não houve melhora nos índices de desempenho dos tribunais do trabalho. Além disso, os resultados não denotam efeitos significativos do rigor da legislação laboral na geração de empregos formais no curto prazo e na movimentação da economia.

Contribuições teóricas e práticas: O estudo contribui com a literatura que investiga a relação entre mudanças nas legislações e suas inter-relações com a eficiência pública, ao mesmo tempo que apresenta implicações para a prática gerencial do judiciário brasileiro, na medida em que incrementa evidências empíricas sobre a temática investigada.
The role of digital surveillance during outbreaks: the Ghana experience from COVID‑19 response
Authors: Owusu Isaac , Acheampong Gideon K. , Akyereko Ernest , Agyei Nii A. , Ashong Mawufemor , Amofa Isaac , Mpangah Rebecca A. , Kenu Ernest , Aboagye Richard G. , Adu Collins , Agyemang Kingsley , Nsiah-Asare Anthony , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin
Published: November 2023

Over the years, Ghana has made notable strides in adopting digital approaches to address societal challenges and meet demands. While the health sector, particularly the disease surveillance structure, has embraced digitization to enhance case detection, reporting, analysis, and information dissemination, critical aspects remain to be addressed. Although the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) structure has experienced remarkable growth in digitization, certain areas require further attention as was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic, recognized the importance of leveraging digital technologies to bolster the public health response. To this end, Ghana implemented various digital surveillance tools to combat the pandemic. These included the ‘Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS)’, the digitalized health declaration form, ArcGIS Survey123, Talkwalker, ‘Lightwave Health information Management System’ (LHIMS), and the ‘District Health Information Management System (DHIMS)’. These digital systems significantly contributed to the country's success in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. One key area where digital systems have proved invaluable is in the timely production of daily COVID-19 situational updates. This task would have been arduous and delayed if reliant solely on paper-based forms, which hinder efficient reporting to other levels within the health system. By adopting these digital systems, Ghana has been able to overcome such challenges and provide up-to-date information for making informed public health decisions. This paper attempts to provide an extensive description of the digital systems currently employed to enhance Ghana's paper-based disease surveillance system in the context of its response to COVID-19. The article explores the strengths and challenges or limitations associated with these digital systems for responding to outbreaks, offering valuable lessons that can be learned from their implementation.
The Efficacy and Safety of Moderate-Intensity Rosuvastatin with Ezetimibe versus High-Intensity Rosuvastatin in High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open, Parallel, Phase 4 Study
Authors: Moon Jun Sung , Park Il Rae , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Hye Soon , Kim Nam Hoon , Kim Sin Gon , Ko Seung Hyun , Lee Ji Hyun , Lee Inkyu , Lee Bo Kyeong , Won Kyu Chang
Published: November 2023

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of moderate-intensity rosuvastatin/ezetimibe combination compared to highintensity rosuvastatin in high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This study was a randomized, multicenter, open, parallel phase 4 study, and enrolled T2DM subjects with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. The primary endpoint was the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) change rate after 24-week rosuvastatin 10 mg/ezetimibe 10 mg treatment was non-inferior to that of rosuvastatin 20 mg. The achievement proportion of 10-year ASCVD risk <7.5% or comprehensive lipid target (LDL-C <70 mg/dL, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL, and apolipoprotein B <80 mg/dL) without discontinuation, and several metabolic parameters were explored as secondary endpoints.Results: A hundred and six participants were assigned to each group. Both groups showed significant reduction in % change of LDL-C from baseline at week 24 (–63.90±6.89 vs. –55.44±6.85, combination vs. monotherapy, p=0.0378; respectively), but the combination treatment was superior to high-intensity monotherapy in LDL-C change (%) from baseline (least square [LS] mean difference, –8.47; 95% confidence interval, –16.44 to –0.49; p=0.0378). The combination treatment showed a higher proportion of achieved comprehensive lipid targets rather than monotherapy (85.36% vs. 62.22% in monotherapy, p=0.015). The ezetimibe combination significantly improved homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function even without A1c changes (LS mean difference, 17.13; p=0.0185).Conclusion: In high ASCVD risk patients with T2DM, the combination of moderate-intensity rosuvastatin and ezetimibe was not only non-inferior but also superior to improving dyslipidemia with additional benefits compared to high-intensity rosuvastatin monotherapy.
Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis Masquerading as Depression: A Case Report From a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Serrao Shawn , Chandran Suhas , Kamath Avinash , Sarma Gosala R K
Published: November 2023

Autoimmune disorders are now widely recognized as playing a larger role in encephalitis than previously thought. The most common disorder appears to be anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Psychological symptoms, memory difficulties, and autonomic instability are all part of the complicated presentation and are being considered an important differential diagnosis for children presenting with acute behavioral disturbances. We present the case of a 17-year-old girl, who presented with a 1.5-year history of psychiatric symptoms such as pervasive low mood, decreased ability to concentrate on her studies, academic decline, memory disturbances along with poor social interaction, decreased self-esteem, and ideas of guilt. This was accompanied by altered biological functions. Within a week, the symptoms changed dramatically, with labile mood, over familiarity, over identification, déjà vu, auditory hallucinations and anxiety symptoms, nonspecific somatic symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and neurological symptoms including seizures and dyskinesia. Diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was made by electroencephalography and serum antibody testing. Symptom improvement was noted with five cycles of plasmapheresis and injection of rituximab. Psychiatric manifestations are common, and child and adolescent psychiatrists are frequently the first to be contacted for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. There is, therefore, an increasing need for them to become aware of the disorder and consider it in their differential diagnosis. A better prognosis can be achieved with appropriate evaluation by a multi-disciplinary team.
A Pilot Study on Comparison of Intelligence in Children with Autism and Controls: Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Wechsler Intelligence Scale-III
Authors: Priyanka Pramod Jog , Shelke Swati Balkrishna , Chepure Ashish Hanmantrao , Subramanyam Alka Anand , Somaiya Mansi , Rathi Surabhi , Kondekar Alpana Santosh
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Intelligence in children with autism has been a challenge for long. Previous studies have reported an uneven performance on intelligence tests. Better performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) as compared to Wechsler’s intelligence scale for children III (WISC-III) has been found in some studies. RPM is quick and easy to administer. Hence, there is a need to understand if RPM is a comparable test to tap the intelligence in children with autism.

Aims and Objectives:

To find the percentile intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of children with autism and neurotypical children using RPM and WISC III and to compare the performance of these two groups on IQ tests.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study including 15 children with autism and normal (neurotypical) children was done after institutional ethics committee approval. The subjects were subjected to WISC-III and RPM.

Results:

The study shows that neurotypical children perform better on intelligence tests than children with autism. Both tests can be used to measure intelligence in children with autism fairly owing to their correlation. However, RPM showed better scores than WISC-III, for children with autism.

Conclusions:

RPM can be used as an alternative and an even better test to measure intelligence in children with autism just as the standard WISC-III. Further studies in a larger population of children with autism are warranted to validate our findings.
Preparing for Medical School Selection: Exploring the Complexity of Disadvantage through Applicant Narratives
Authors: Jackson Dawn , Greenfield Sheila , Parry Jayne , Agwu Juliana Chizo , Spruce Austen , Seyan Gurdeep , Whalley Nicole
Published: November 2023

Background:

Despite a growing drive to improve diversity in medical schools, those from state schools and less-advantaged sociodemographic backgrounds remain underrepresented. We explore applicants’ approaches to preparing for medical school selection, considering the complexity of sociodemographic disadvantage in this highly competitive process.

Methods:

Narrative interviews were undertaken with applicants to a United Kingdom medical school, exploring experiences of preparation for selection (n= 23). Participants were purposively sampled based on involvement in widening participation schemes, school background, gender, and ethnicity. Transcribed data were analyzed using Labov and Waletzky’s analytic framework. Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital and habitus provided a lens to constraints faced and variable experiences. This informed a consideration of the ways applicants approached and navigated their preparation, in the face of various constraints.

Results:

Constraints to resources and support were often apparent for those from state nonselective (SNS) schools. These applicants and those beginning their preparation later (12–18 months before application) appeared particularly vulnerable to myths and misunderstandings about the application process and appeared less confident and less discerning in their navigation of preparation. Some of the applicants, particularly those from independent and state selective schools, appeared confident and competent in navigating the complexities of the application process, while others (often from SNS schools) were more frequently lost or stressed by the process.

Discussion:

Those who lack particular preparatory tools or resources (materially, culturally, or perceptually) must “make do” as they prepare for medical school selection, In doing so, they may risk a haphazard, ill-informed or ill-equipped approach. Constraints to opportunities, more typically experienced by those from SNS schools, appeared to motivate the process of bricolage for a number of the applicants. Perversely, medical schools have introduced nonacademic requirements to level the playing field of disadvantage, yet applicants in this group appear to experience challenges as they prepare for selection.
Primary Membranous Nephropathy with Crescents
Authors: Sunder Megana , Raghavan Balagurunathan , Margabandhu Saravanan
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 46-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, renal biopsy-proven primary membranous nephropathy, and a unique progression. He initially presented with edema and hypertension. Even though he responded initially to immunosuppression, later the clinical picture worsened, prompting the need for a rebiopsy. A second renal biopsy revealed acute crescentic transformation superimposed on primary membranous glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) staining positivity. Following pulse steroid therapy, the patient’s azotemia improved, and creatinine levels stabilized. This case highlights the rare occurrence of acute crescentic transformation in primary membranous nephropathy, emphasizing the challenges and complexities of management.