bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAND REFORM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - A MARRIAGE OF NECESSITY
Authors: Juanita M Pienaar
Published: September 2022

In order for land reform to be successful in the agricultural arena, the end-result must promote sustainable development. The question is whether legislation and policy initiatives have been conducive in furthering the partnership between land reform and sustainable development. Although the link between the two seems apparent, after a brief analysis of existing land reform legislation it is clear that legislation generally does not reflect this. Many actors have an impact on the harmonization of land reform and sustainable development, inter alia (a) problems resulting from the former racially-based land control approach and (b) geographical and climatic factors. The problems experienced in the rural areas in especially the former national states and self-governing territories are discussed in more detail. In order to place the current situation in perspective, recent developments that impact on land reform and development are then discussed, namely the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development Plan and the Strategic Plan for SA Agriculture. In light of these developments various shortcomings are further identified that still hamper the closer working partnership between land reform and sustainable development. The conclusion is reached that the mere transfer of land is no guarantee for a successful land reform programme. What is needed, is a balanced approach towards addressing the demand for land on the one hand and maintaining agricultural production on the other.
AN ESTATE AGENT’S CLIENT FOR THE PURPOSES OF FICA
Authors: Henk Delport
Published: September 2022

The Financial Intelligence Centre Act 38 of 2001 (“FICA”) forms an integral part of the government’s strategy to combat money laundering. It establishes a statutory body called the Financial Intelligence Centre (“FIC”) and imposes a number of duties on certain institutions and persons (referred to in the Act as “accountable institutions”). Nineteen of these accountable institutions are listed in Schedule I to the Act, including attorneys, banks, public accountants, investment advisors, long-term insurers and estate agents.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SPORTS-SHOOTING, HUNTING AND COLLECTORS ORGANISATIONS IN TERMS OF THE FIREARMS CONTROL ACT 60 OF 2000
Authors: Eugene van der Berg
Published: September 2022

The aim of this note is to examine the role of national and international sports-shooting, hunting and collectors organisations in the application of the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000, as distinguished from the accredited organisations referred to in that Act.The Firearms Control Act finally came into operation on 1 July 2004 (Proc 28 in GG 26374 of 2004-05-28). The regulations made by the Minister of Safety and Security under section 145 of the Act came into operation on the same date (reg 114; GN R345 in GG 26156 of 2004-03-26).Some provisions of the Act and some regulations made under it, particularly those relating to accreditation (see par 3 2 below), had already come into operation on 1 July 2003 (R52 and R957 in GG 25153 of 2003-06-30).The Act repeals the whole of the Arms and Ammunition Act 75 of 1969 which previously regulated the possession of arms and ammunition. The new Act introduces an intricate scheme for the control of firearms quite unlike that provided for by the previous Act. The introduction of the new Act was accompanied by some controversy (and not a little drama). The Act attracted the attention of the High Court even before it came into operation. In South African Gun Owners Association v State President of the Republic of South Africa (TPD 2004-06-30 case number 16620/04) a seemingly ill-advised application by seven firearms-related organisations to interdict the new Act from coming into operation a few days before it was set to do so, was dismissed with attorney-and-client costs.The new Act and the regulations issued in terms thereof raise many new questions, some of them likely to remain unanswered for some time.
STATUTêRE BEVOEGDHEID: DIE ROL VAN REDELIKE VOORSIENBAARHEID BY ONREGMATIGHEID EN NALATIGHEID Premier, Western Cape v Faircape Property Developers (Pty) Ltd 2003 6 SA 13 (SCA)
Authors: J Neethling  , JM Potgieter
Published: September 2022

Tradisioneel word twee beginsels by die regverdigingsgrond statutêre bevoegdheid gestel: Eerstens moet die statuut die aantasting van die betrokke belang regverdig; en tweedens moet die benadelende handeling nie die grense van die bevoegdheid wat deur die wet verleen word, oorskry nie. Die vraag of die statuut die aantasting van die belang veroorloof, hang uiteraard van die bedoeling van die wetgewer af wat uit die wet self blyk en volgens beginsels van wetsuitleg bepaal word. Die vraag of die grense van die magtiging oorskry is, word beantwoord deur vas te stel of die skade nie deur redelik uitvoerbare maatreëls verhoed of verminder kon gewees het nie. In hierdie verband word soms gesê dat die verweerder aanspreeklik is indien hy sy bevoegdhede op ‟n “nalatige” wyse uitgeoefen het en die eiser daar-deur skade berokken het.
DIE HOOGSTE HOF VAN APPéL BREI DIE AKSIE VIR EMOSIONELE SKOK EN PSIGIATRIESE LETSEL TOT VERLOOFDES UIT Road Accident Fund v Sauls 2002 2 SA 55 (HHA)
Authors: JM Potgieter
Published: September 2022

Die unieke kenmerk van die Hoogste Hof van Appèl se beslissing in Road Accident Fund v Sauls (2002 2 SA 55 (HHA)) is dat appèlregter Olivier (met wie Hefer WHR, Streicher AR, Navsa AR en Conradie WAR saamstem) die toekenning bevestig - van regter Knoll in die verhoorhof - van ‟n deliksaksie weens die nalatige veroorsaking van emosionele skok, of psigiese of ‟n psigiatriese letsel aan ‟n persoon weens die waarneem of verneem van die dood of besering van ‟n nie-bloedverwant (die primêre slagoffer) naamlik eersgenoemde se verloofde. Die beslissing verteenwoordig ‟n uitbreiding van die kategorieë van verwantskap tussen die eiser (wat skok opdoen) en die beseerde op grond waarvan voorheen met hierdie tipe eis geslaag is, byvoorbeeld dié tussen ouer en kind, broer en broer, en - weliswaar in die geval van opsetlike skoktoediening - tante en neef.
Positive but not uncritical: Perceptions of science and technology amongst South African online users
Authors: Guenther Lars , Reif Anne , Taddicken Monika , Weingart Peter
Published: September 2022

Public perceptions of science and technology (S&T) have been measured globally since the 1970s. While there are initial findings for South Africans’ general and specific perceptions of S&T, we aimed to give an update on those perceptions, and account for the recent rise of digital media and broad public discussions on S&T-related issues (e.g. COVID-19) that might have affected public perceptions of S&T. We conducted an online survey with a sample of South African online users, quoted for sociodemographic characteristics, in November/December 2020 (n=1624). The findings show that, even with the rise of digital media and during the pandemic, a majority of respondents in this sample agreed that S&T holds promise, and they supported governmental funding of science. However, some reservations persisted. Gender and education did not affect these attitudes. It was rather age, location, degree of religiosity, interest, knowledge, use of sources of information, online engagement, and trust in science that were linked with these attitudes. In this sample, agreement to public funding of science correlated with beliefs in the promises associated with S&T as well as with having reservations about S&T.
Significance:

Our sample of South African online users agreed more to promises associated with S&T than they had reservations about S&T.
Attitudes regarding S&T-related promises and reservations varied by age and location, and showed links with the interest in, knowledge about, use of sources of information on, and online engagement with S&T.
Having reservations about S&T was nonetheless linked with support for governmental funding of science.
The findings also indicate that social media were highly relevant sources of information about science for this sample of South African online users, who generally had high levels of interest in, knowledge about, and trust in science.
Social network analysis of a landscape-scale conservation initiative in South Africa
Authors: Mc Culloch-Jones Samantha , Novellie Peter , Roux Dirk J. , Currie Bianca
Published: September 2022

Assessment of social relations, including social network analysis, is central to understanding collaborative processes for environmental decision-making and action. The capacity of network role players to learn and adapt appropriately to uncertainty and change is a critical determinant of the resilience of socialecological systems. Poor social network structure can predispose failure. In this study, we used social network analysis to explore learning capacity and network resilience in a multi-authority conservation initiative on the West Coast of South Africa (Dassenberg Coastal Catchment Partnership). Our analysis focused on structural variables for network learning and resilience, namely connectivity, heterogeneity, and centrality. The governance network was found to be structurally connected, with the interaction between heterogeneous organisations and sectors, and centralised around a core group of actors. The network had good structural features to enable learning. However, the high level of centrality, and dependence on a small number of core actors, rendered the network potentially vulnerable to dealing with complex challenges. We recommend that core actors (1) reflect on their core functions and whether the network can absorb these functions if they were to leave and (2) tap into the knowledge potential of actors on the network periphery or invite new actors to the network when dealing with complex challenges. This may require the network to diverge into decentralised subgroups to deal with complex issues. We further suggest that the Dassenberg Coastal Catchment Partnership network incorporate social network research with qualitative monitoring into a long-term plan to monitor the movement and influence of actors as the initiative evolves.
Significance:

This study illustrates how social network analysis can help researchers, public-sector organisations, and donor agencies to monitor the structural features of governance networks that enable or disable learning and resilience within landscape-scale conservation initiatives.
Our results illustrate how social network analysis can assist public-sector actors to reflect on their roles and whether there is redundant competency within the network to maintain its resilience.
Mycotoxins in Mozambique: Need for a national monitoring programme
Authors: Tamele Isidro , Hassouani Meryem , Timba Ilário , Guimarães Tiago , Maia Rui , Falé Zizina , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: September 2022

The occurrence of mycotoxins poses a threat to public health in Mozambique, with several cases of poisoning in humans caused by aflatoxins after consumption of groundnuts and maize reported before 1975. Over time, the control and monitoring of mycotoxins in agricultural and non-agricultural food and feed seem to have dropped significantly in Mozambique. So, the objective of this review is to recommend the implementation of monitoring and control of mycotoxins and fungal development. From our review, we note that data regarding mycotoxins in Mozambique are very limited and this makes it difficult to assess the spatial and temporal occurrence of mycotoxins in Mozambique. The scarcity of data does not mean that mycotoxins do not occur in Mozambique because the few studies that are available have confirmed the presence of mycotoxins in food and feed at concentrations above permissible limits in many countries of the world. This situation indicates a need for the creation of mycotoxin monitoring programmes involving the ministries of agriculture and public health (in coordination with universities) at the national level.
Significance:
This review provides relevant information that can help local authorities in Mozambique to implement a mycotoxin monitoring programme.
Dialogic traits of Roma women leadership
Authors: Aiello Cabrera Emilia , Sordé-Martí Teresa , Khalfaoui Andrea , Redondo-Sama Gisela
Published: September 2022

Against of what mainstream society believes, Roma women are participating in public spaces of debate and decision-making and taking the lead in opening educational and labor opportunities for themselves, their families and their communities. The specific traits of the type of leadership developed and exercised by Roma women in civic organizations, as something that differs from both the type of leadership done by Roma men, or non-Roma women, is yet scantily researched by academic literature. Aimed at filling this gap, this article presents and discusses what we have identified as dialogic traits in Roma women leadership when engaged in social and political actions. We call these traits “dialogic”, as all of them are constructed and emerged based on egalitarian and intersubjective dialogue among Roma women themselves, and their communities. These traits are, leadership assumed in a relational way, as a collective responsibility and developed with others; putting the Roma values and shared identity at the core; and with a strong understanding of the need of intergenerational solidarity among themselves as a  motor of organized action. Findings are drawn from qualitative interviews conducted with Roma women of diverse ages, and Spanish regions, who are all of them leaders engaged across diverse organized spaces of civic participation, namely Roma women civic organizations, or other types of political institutions.
Phonetic and lexico-morphological particularities of Homeric poems in Turkish versions
Authors: Anefi Icbal
Published: September 2022

The following pages are a sample of possible directions for analysing translations from an ancient and very special language – the Homeric Greek – into a modern language. Even if the two languages are genealogically and typologically related, any translation, naturally, is a challenge in terms of mentality and the linguistic approach. When differences imposed by the genealogical and structural-typological criterion interfere between the two languages brought into cultural contact, the difficulties in rendering the original text increase very much. However, the new versions may be very well done, because, as it is known, any natural language has compensating virtues for rendering particularities in the source language.

The corpus of texts selected for our little excursion into the diachrony of Turkish translations from the Iliad and the Odyssey has been extracted from the most representative Turkish version, “Erhat-Kadir”. In order to render the texts in Romanian, we have used the best-known version in this cultural-linguistic area, the “Murnu version”.
[Re]domesticating the “History of Moldavia” by J.A. Gebhardi in the translation of Ioan Nemișescu. Translation practices at the beginning of the 19th century
Authors: Chiriac Alexandra
Published: September 2022

The theory and practice of translation in the time of the Romanian Enlightenment (1770–1830) represents a productive field of analysis for the way in which texts, ideas and terminology travel in the European space. Using the concepts developed by Lawrence Venuti of “domestication” and “foreignization” of texts through translation, the paper aims to present a case study that highlights the way in which the translator, as an apparently invisible actor, brings before his public a fluent and natural discourse, scattered with foreignizing elements that draw the attention to the translation status of the target text. A universal history written by a German author for a German readership (Geschichte der Moldau by L.A. Gebhardi in 1788), translated into Romanian by Ioan Nemișescu as a scientific text of national history (Istoria Moldovii, 1808) represents a revealing example for a translation practice anchored in the social-cultural and linguistic reality of the target culture. The translation analysis of both texts illustrates the way in which the Romanian translator makes, deliberately or not, a series of choices of transposing the German text and terminology, choices that help provide to the Romanian readership a fluent text, which blends familiar elements with a foreign scientific perspective and a modern historiographic discourse.
Traducerea și adaptarea definițiilor lexicografice în Lexiconul slavo-român din ms. rom. 3473
Authors: Moscal Dinu , Gînsac Ana-Maria
Published: September 2022

Lexiconul slavo-român păstrat în ms. 3473 (Biblioteca Academiei Române), din a doua parte a secolului al XVII-lea, face parte din grupul de șase lexicoane slavo-române prelucrate după Lexiconul slavo-rutean al lui Pamvo Berînda (Kiev, 1627). Descinzînd probabil dintr-o traducere comună, pierdută, aceste lexicoane au fost studiate mai ales din perspectiva relațiilor dintre ele. Studiul de față vizează particularități ale abordării lexicografice în lexiconul amintit: soluții adoptate de traducătorul român în raport cu sursa și determinantele lor culturale, criterii aplicate în stabilirea definițiilor în limba română, evoluția semantică a unor termeni în limba română. Exemplele discutate arată faptul că definițiile sînt cel mai adesea fie simplificate, fie, mai rar, amplificate. Deși explicațiile suplimentare vizează mai ales termeni culturali și neologici care presupun dificultăți de definire, tehnica definirii variază. Definițiile specifice unui lexicon bilingv alternează cu cele tipice dicționarelor monolingve, ceea ce poate fi explicat atît prin modelul urmat, cît și prin intervenția traducătorului sau/ și a copistului.
Educación en derechos humanos para una ciudadanía democrática en los currículos de España, Finlandia e Irlanda
Authors: Neubauer Adrián , Nicolás Ruiz Mª Ángeles , Álvarez Pavón Sara
Published: September 2022

En los últimos años, los derechos de millones de personas han sido vulnerados, haciendo patente la necesidad imperante de una educación en derechos humanos y democracia. Por ello, este artículo persigue dos objetivos: analizar el desarrollo curricular de la educación en derechos humanos y democracia en España, Finlandia e Irlanda; y establecer relaciones entre ambos conceptos en los planes de estudios de estos tres países. El enfoque metodológico se nutre del Análisis Documental y de la Educación Comparada, concretamente del análisis de las normativas que regulan el desarrollo curricular en la escolarización obligatoria. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto el enfoque integral que tiene la educación en derechos humanos en los tres países. Asimismo, Irlanda incluye en su currículo la necesidad de actuar localmente y pensar globalmente. Por otra parte, la dignidad humana está presente en el currículo español y finlandés. Con respecto a la educación democrática, este concepto aparece muy ligado a los derechos humanos en los tres países, siendo su desarrollo principalmente transversal. Dicho esto, las asignaturas predilectas para el desarrollo de ambos contenidos son “Historia”, “Ciencias Sociales” y “Ética” o “Religión”. Ello demuestra la necesidad de plantear la educación competencial que impregne la práctica educativa en su conjunto.
Use of mobile technology in the development of cognitive skills of high school students with special educational needs
Authors: Badilla-Quintana María Graciela , Ramírez-Peña Gabriela , Sandoval-Henríquez Francisco , Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , Gómez-Franco Ligia
Published: September 2022

Mobile technology can help personalize instruction and enhance generic and specific learning skills for students with special educational needs. This study examines the effects of a technology intervention strategy on the attention/concentration and spelling skills. Participants were students with permanent and temporary educational needs attending secondary schools in Chile. A pretest-posttest experimental design with a control group was adopted. 73 students participated, under three conditions: a) control group, with a printed guide-based strategy and without the use of technology, b) an experimental group with a computer-based strategy, and c) an experimental group with an iPad-based strategy. Analysis of Variance was used to compare the means of the three groups. The results show that the iPad-based strategy obtained significant differences compared to the other conditions. It is concluded that iPad mobile technology can improve both the generic attention/concentration skills and the specific spelling skills in students with special educational needs.
Teoría de las demandas y los recursos laborales en el profesorado. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vizoso Carmen
Published: September 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las publicaciones que toman como referencia la teoría de las demandas y los recursos laborales para explicar la motivación y el bienestar entre el profesorado. Para ello, se consideraron 26 artículos publicados en tres bases de datos (ERIC, WoS y SCOPUS). La revisión revela la importancia que ha adquirido esta teoría en los últimos años en el ámbito de la educación. En los artículos revisados destaca la relevancia de los recursos laborales, como el apoyo social, y los recursos personales, como la autoeficacia, para potenciar el compromiso laboral del profesorado. Por otra parte, se muestra la relación entre las demandas laborales, como la sobrecarga de trabajo, y el burnout. Por lo tanto, esta revisión permite confirmar la relevancia de la teoría de demandas y recursos laborales para poder diseñar entornos de trabajo que protejan el bienestar profesorado y su desarrollo profesional.
Escuelas de segunda oportunidad: una propuesta curricular dirigida al retorno educativo y la inserción profesional
Authors: Tárraga-Mínguez Raúl , Chisvert-Tarazona María José , García-Rubio Juan , Ros-Garrido Alicia
Published: September 2022

Las escuelas de segunda oportunidad (E2O) aspiran a convertirse en una respuesta a los desafíos que plantea el retorno educativo y la inserción laboral de jóvenes en situación de riesgo de exclusión. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la propuesta curricular que realizan las E2O en España. Para ello, en el año 2021 realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas a la dirección de 24 E2O, a diez profesionales de empresas que han contratado estudiantes egresados de E2O y a nueve tutores y tutoras de centros formativos a los que se han derivado estudiantes a la finalización de su paso por E2O. También se encuestó a 351 jóvenes egresados. Los resultados han revelado que los principales puntos fuertes de las E2O son la flexibilidad curricular en el diseño del itinerario formativo y el protagonismo de los jóvenes en su elección; la relevancia de las competencias transversales y básicas, valoradas por las escuelas en igual medida que las técnico-profesionales; así como el sentido de la evaluación continua, no sancionadora, dirigida a la transformación y a la mejora. Se concluye que el currículum adaptado, flexible e integral de las E2O, contribuye a la inclusión en los ámbitos personal, social, educativo y laboral.
The “Other” of The New Generatıon Caps: Old People
Authors: BALCI AYDOĞAN Bahar , ABUŞOĞLU Hilal Özlem
Published: September 2022

Bireyler benzer ve farklı niteliklerinden dolayı ayrımcılığa maruz kalmaktadırlar. Din, dil, ırk, etnik köken, cinsiyet, yaş ve dünya görüşü gibi özellikler temelinde gerçekleşen ayrımcılık “ben” ve “biz” dışında kalan “ötekileri” olumsuz bir algı sürecinin içine sokmaktadır. Bu ayrımcılık türlerinden biri de yaşlı ayrımcılığıdır. Yaşlı bireyler kalıplaşmış önyargılarla, yanlış ve eksik olarak temsil edilmektedir. Özellikle yeni medyayla ortaya çıkan ifade biçimleriyle ötekileştirme meşrulaştırılmaktadır. Yeni neslin “ötekileri” yaşlılar, özellikle sosyal medyayla hayatımıza giren ve toplumda yaşanan olayları daha çok eğlenceli ve alaycı bir şekilde yorumlayan capslerin de ana malzemesini oluşturmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın kullanıcılara özgür bir ortam sağlarken diğer taraftan ötekileştirmeye ve nefret suçlarının işlenmesine de zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de sosyal medya üzerinden yaşlı bireylerle ilgili paylaşılan capsler incelenerek onların nasıl ötekileştirildiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, capslerin yaşlı ayrımcılığını “yaramaz, huysuz, sevilmeye değer olmayan, güçsüz, unutkan, fiziksel kapasiteden yoksun, çağa ayak uyduramayan, üretime katkı sağlayamayan ve bakıma muhtaç” şeklindeki söylemlerle pekiştirdiği saptanmıştır.
About a “Letter of Greeting” that Ahmed III's Daughter Saliha Sultan Sent During the Throne of Mahmud I
Authors: KARS Rümeysa
Published: September 2022

The Ottoman Empire has an organization and ceremonial structure based on Turkish-Islamic state traditions. During the sultan's accession to the throne, a ceremony called 'Cülûs ceremony' was held in line with the rules of this protocol and it was foreseen to pay allegiance to the new sultan. It was also an important tradition to send a congratulatory name for the Culûs ceremony. Congratulation-names are a type for celebration purposes in correspondence between private or official persons. This tradition, which generally serves the purpose of being the recipient of benevolence, was also seen as valuable in terms of palace dignitaries, harem people and many literary groups. The subject within the scope of the study is III. Ahmed's daughter Saliha Sultan; It is a congratulation-name sent by Mahmud I on his death; It contains a letter about a concubine that the sultan gave to himself and his mother, and the wish of the sultan to be victorious in the war. Therefore, in this study, the purpose of writing the aforementioned congratulation-name will be emphasized. In this context, the seven-leaf documents of the relevant greeting-name will be transcribed and analyzed.
The Mediating Role of Career Decidedness in the Relationship between Hope and Career Stress: A Study on Associate Students
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Zümral
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, umudun kariyer stresine etkisinde kariyer kararlılığının rolünü tespit etmeye çalışmaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın örneklemini önlisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi anket yolu ile toplanmıştır. Toplam 229 anket üzerinden SPSS ve Lisrel programlarında analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliliğini test etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış ve ölçekler hiçbir ifade çıkarılmadan doğrulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda umudun kariyer stresini negatif, kariyer kararlılığını pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kariyer kararlılığının da kariyer stresini negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ana amacı olan umudun kariyer stresine etkisinde kariyer kararlılığının kısmi aracı rol oynadığı da belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin umutları arttıkça kariyer stresleri azalmaktadır. Öğrencilerin hem umutları arttığında hem de aynı anda kariyerlerinde kararlı olduklarında, kariyer stresleri de daha fazla azalmaktadır.
Investigation of Folk Literature Poet Ahmet Çıtak's Ashab-ı Kehf Mesnevi in terms of Values Education
Authors: ORHAN Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Milletlerin kendine özgü değerleri olduğu ve bu değerlerle varlıklarını devam ettirdikleri, değerlerin birey ve toplum açısından önemi bilinmektedir. Değerler eğitiminde ve değerlerin gelecek nesillere aktarılmasında bireylerin yanı sıra edebiyatın da önemli rolü vardır. Değerlerin, edebi metinlerin içinde doğrudan veya örtük olarak verilmesi mümkündür. Bu çalışmada halk şairi Ahmet Çıtak’ın yazmış olduğu 224 beyitten oluşan Ashab-ı Kehf adlı mesnevi, değerler eğitimi yönünden incelenmiştir. İncelemede nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış, veriler dokuman incelemesi ile elde edilmiştir. Serdar Yakar (Yakar, 2014) tarafından hazırlanan kitapta yer alan mesnevi esas alınmıştır. Yapılan incelemede elde edilen bulgularda, Ashab-ı Kehf adlı mesnevide MEB’in belirlemiş olduğu “adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, öz denetim, sabır, saygı, sevgi, sorumluluk, vatanseverlik” değerlerine (10 kök değer) yer verildiği, mesnevide yöre halkının kullandığı sözcüklere yer verildiği gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle “Türkiye’de ve dünyada Ashab-ı Kehf’i konu alan farklı anlatımların” değerler eğitimi yönünden incelenmesi başta olmak üzere bazı önerilere yer verilmiştir.
“Virtual” v.s. “Reality”— On Taxing E-Sports Virtual Goods Transaction in Indonesia
Authors: Sung Ming-Hsi , Umar Wahyudi
Published: September 2022

In technological advances, the emergence of various online games that have generated billion dollars has attracted the attention of the government currently. The most of its revenue comes from the sale of virtual item (item in-game) which have almost zero marginal cost of production. In 2019, Indonesia contributed 624 million dollars, equivalent to 8.7 trillion rupiah for mobile gaming.According to Mirza Adityaswara, Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Indonesia (BI), this phenomenon will bring the money out of Indonesia, then it makes Indonesia’s balance of trade (BOT) deficit.Indonesia’s BOT has been facing shortfalls in recent years. In 2019, the BOT decreased by 61.7%, the deficit reached -US$1,933,90 million. This paper argue that Indonesia should take the case aquo as new tax base in order to resolve her deficit. An online game has its own currency which obtained through purchases using real money. This lead to trading real money for virtual objects, ‘land’ and ‘characters’ in-game. Uniquely, item in-game transaction is not only done by the developers to players but also players to players. Therefore, the phenomenon brings with it familiar legal issue such as sales tax. This paper intends to introduce the situation the current situation of case a quo in Indonesia and asserting the urgency and challenges of case aquo taxation in Indonesia.
The Legal Status of Azov Sea and the Kerch Strait: Ukraine v. Russia
Authors: Astutik Zulfiani Ayu , Özaltın Mert Ahmet
Published: September 2022

The Black Sea has been the scene of conflict between coastal states throughout history. Recently, emerging Russia-Ukraine tension continues. The Russian Federal Security Service ("FSB") destroyed and captured three Ukrainian Military Ships and detained 24 of its personnel on November 23, 2018. As the dispute continued, Ukraine finally raised the matter to the International Tribunals on Law of The Sea ("ITLOS"). This tension, which reaches a hot conflict point from time to time, causes legal changes in the Black Sea eventually. This article discusses the current legal status of Crimea, the Sea of Azov, and the Kerch Strait and aims to explain from the perspective of Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey. The study shows how the conflict environment in the region has a changing effect on the existing maritime borders and whether Russia’s act is a part of violation of the UNCLOS and International Law.
Procedural Problems in Indonesia's Treaty-Making Process: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: AWJ Fransiskus
Published: September 2022

This article discusses several procedural problems in Indonesia’s rules on ratifying treaties. These problems stem from gaps in the existing laws as well as conflict between the general law on ratification and the more specific law that regulates ratification of trade treaties. The problems involve timing and inconsistency within the practice of treaty-ratification and its product. The issue of timing concerns the time that it takes to ratify a treaty. The issue of practice concerns inconsistency within the treaty-ratification practice because of a lack of procedures and the strange existence of procedures for specific treaties without the existence of general ones. The issue of product concerns an inconsistency within the result of ratifying a treaty. The problems are analyzed by observing the laws and practices of treaty-ratification of other states.
Cooperatives as Entities Influencing the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in European Union
Authors: Suchoń Aneta
Published: September 2022

The aim of the article was, first of all, to determine whether and to what extent legal regulations favour cooperatives and influence the development of rural areas in Poland and selected countries of Western Europe. Secondly, it attempts to indicate the possible directions for the development of cooperatives in rural areas in light of the new rules of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2022 and the European Green Deal. The basic research method involved the dogmatic analysis of normative texts, which is a characteristic feature of a lawyer’s work. At the beginning of the article selected issues related to cooperatives in the European Union and EU rural development principles were presented, then regulations concerning the establishment and operation of cooperatives in Poland, Germany, France and Italy. The next part of the article refers to the new EU regulation of December 2021, which will enter into force on 1 January 2023; and indicate regulations that will be of benefit to cooperatives and that will particularly contribute to the development of rural areas. The issue of the European Green Deal and its impact on association in the form of cooperatives was also discussed.
Neonatal readmissions at Saint-Pierre hospital, epidemiology and risk factors
Authors: Rambeloson Setra H. , Rabevazaha Ny A. , Rasamoelison Rina J. , Rakotojoelimaria Elsa H. , Robinson Annick L.
Published: September 2022

Background: Newborn attendance at pediatric emergency departments has sharply increased in France since the early 2000s. Early discharge from maternity is the main risk factor. The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and perinatal factors involved in the readmission to hospital of newborn babies in Southern reunion Island.Methods: This was a 13-month, single-center, case-control retrospective study (December 2015 to December 2016) carried out in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of the Saint-Pierre university hospital. Cases were represented by any newborn released from the maternity hospital and having been re-hospitalized. Controls were represented by newborns born during the same study period and not readmitted during their first month of life. One case was matched with a control.Results: We included 109 newborns. The re-hospitalization rate was 2.08%. The most common presentation were: fever (35.7%), and neurological symptoms (34.8%). The main etiologies were infections (33.9%), respiratory pathologies (24.7%), and breastfeeding difficulties (11.9%). Breastfeeding OR=0.53; 95% CI [0.30-0.92] (p=0.03) and neonatal pathologies during the stay in the maternity hospital OR=0.49; 95% CI [0.28-0.45] (p=0.016) were protective factors.Conclusions: The lack of identification of a risk factor encourages us to expand our study population and to look for other factors such as the medical and paramedical supervision of the mother-child couple during the postpartum period and the follow-up of the new born after leaving the maternity ward.
Clinical profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 in a rural medical college
Authors: Khuntdar Bidyut Kumar , Naik Surjit , Roy Arghya K. , Mohanta Mahesh P. , Mandol Sumon
Published: September 2022

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly recognised syndrome temporally associated with SARS CoV-2 infections.Methods: This was an observational both retrospective and prospective study in a rural medical college in eastern India. MIS‑C was diagnosed as per the criteria given by the WHO.Results: First case of MIS-C of the institute was found in November 2020, maximum cases were seen during the second wave. There were 66 cases. Mortality was 6%. All presented with fever. There was swelling of joints in 56.6% cases, gastrointestinal symptoms in 65%, respiratory distress in (43.9%) and shock was present in 12.1% of cases in this study. Co-morbidities were present only in four cases (6%).Conclusions: All cases of MIS-C had evidence of past infection with SARS CoV-2. There were relatively more cases of joint involvement and relatively less cases of shock in this study. The treatment using IVIG and methyl prednisolone was satisfactory. The 50% of the mortality was due to co-morbidities.
Various presentations of Guillain-Barre syndrome-a case series
Authors: Khalate Shraddha Laxman , Sarawade Sudhir Shamrao
Published: September 2022

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a common differential diagnosis for acute flaccid paralysis. It is a notifiable condition in India under acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. The presentations can be of varying severity with or without respiratory involvement. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIgG) is given to arrest the progression of disease.
Double aortic arch: a rare cause of wheezing and respiratory distress in infants: a case report
Authors: Chakraborty Abhishek , R. Sanketh , James Ebor Jacob G.
Published: September 2022

Double aortic arch is a rare congenital disorder. Symptoms arises due to compression of trachea or esophagus. Its presentation varies from asymptomatic cases to life threatening respiratory distress. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult due to presence of wide verities of symptoms. We described a three-month-old child presented with wheezing and severe respiratory distress and found to have double aortic arch.
Transposition glabellar flap in post orbital exenteration fistula: case report
Authors: Munjal Manish , Munjal Shubham , Verma Ritesh , Sharma Salony , Arora Vineeta , Kaur Hardeep , Chawla Deeksha , Sandhu Loveleen , Kaur Gursimran , . Utkarsh , Singh Diljot
Published: September 2022

Reconstruction of facial orbital region defects, secondary to wound dehiscence following orbital exentration to treat Mucormycosis is an issue confronting the rhinologist. The transposition flaps have a vital role when expected result is unlikely, neither aesthetic nor functional, with a simple primary closure, secondary intention, advancement sliding flap or by free skin grafts. Glabellar transposition flap was used in a patient with a wide defect involving the medial wall of the orbit. Though there is a delicate dissection of pedicel there is likelihood of a trapdoor deformity but the glabellar flap facilitates repair in a single-staged procedure. Moreover, the donor site scars are merged in the margins of the aesthetic units thereby retaining facial cosmesis.

 
Enfermedades nefrourológicas asociadas al trabajo
Authors: Garzón Leal Diana Carolina , Ortíz Villar Mónica Alexandra , Giraldo Clara Margarita , Yepes Boada Alexandra , Sánchez Calderón Diana Carolina , Rojas Sánchez Eliana Marcela
Published: September 2022

En Colombia, la insuficiencia renal crónica es una patología de alto costo, por lo tanto, es necesario realizar intervenciones a tiempo para un diagnóstico oportuno y para evitar su progresión; para el 2019 en Colombia, el 43 % de la población que recibió un diagnóstico inicial de enfermedad renal crónica se encontraba en estadios 4 o 5 de la enfermedad. Por lo general, la enfermedad renal se asocia con la presencia de comorbilidades previas como la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus, sin embargo, existen otros factores de riesgo que pueden estar vinculados con la presentación de la patología.
The Toxicity of Imidacloprid on Early Embryonic Stages and Growth Rate of Hatchlings of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Kumar Bhardwaj Jitender , Kamboj Harkrishan , Tyor Anil K.
Published: September 2022

In the present investigation, the toxicity of imidacloprid was tested on the embryos (fertilized eggs) and hatchlings of Cyprinus carpio in terms of mortality (%), hatching success (%) and abnormal/malformed hatchling along with their growth performance in toxicant medium. Reported data from acute toxicity tests of imidacloprid was statistically analyzed by Probit Analysis Method and 48 h (hour) LC50 was reported as 78 ppm for embryos of C. carpio. Three sublethal doses of imidacloprid i.e., 7.8 ppm (T1), 15.6 ppm (T2) and 23.4 ppm (T2), were selected for further experimentation along with control. The findings revealed that mortality of exposed eggs (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in dose dependent manner as a result hatching rate (%) was decreased as compared to control. Similarly, per cent of abnormal hatchling was also increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in pesticide concentration. Various types of abnormalities has been reported in different body regions such as whole length curved body, stunted growth, hatchling with single eye, malformed head, flexure in the tail and deformed yolk sac etc. Growth rate was observed as length gain in centimeter (cm), weight gain in grams (g) and growth per cent gain in body weight of hatchling, which was also found to be declined significantly (p<0.05) with increase in pesticide concentration. The findings of the present investigation suggest that imidacloprid has significant effect on the early developmental stages, induces malformations and also decline the growth rate of hatchlings.
Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of Rasamanikya, an Ayurvedic Arsenical Formulation in Albino Rats
Authors: Parekh Dipali , Pandey Om , Nariya Mukesh , Chudhri Swapnil , Patgiri B. J.
Published: September 2022

Shodhita Haratala (processed orpiment) is a single ingredient of Rasamanikya (RM). Arsenicals are known for producing toxic effects in humans, if not processed as per classical text therefore, the present study was aim to generate data for the safety of RM in albino rats. In the present study, two samples of RM were prepared by using two different purification media of orpiment, i.e., juice of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cong. and lime water. Extract of Tinospora cordifolia Linn. (GG) was used as an adjuvant. Both the samples of RM along with GG were administered to the albino rats for 60 consecutive days at the therapeutic dose, TED (90 mg/kg) and TED×5 (450 mg/kg) orally in albino rats. Sample of RM along with GG not having the potential to produce any mutagenic or genotoxicity effects in albino rats. Further, there is no significant difference found in the safety of the orpiment on changing of media for purification.
Acute Oral Toxicity Studies and Evaluation of Central Analgesic Activity of Various extracts of Leaves of Rhizophora apiculata
Authors: Mande Annie , Malothu Narender , Banadaru Nagaraju , Murthy T. E. G. K.
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and screening of central analgesic activity of various extracts of Rhizophora apiculata leaves. The animals (Mice) were divided into control (no drug) and extract-treated groups (n=5), which were treated with diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, and aqueous extract of R. apiculata leaves in various doses for specific regulatory needs. The groups which were given the highest safe doses were observed for 14 days. Then, blood samples were collected from high dose treated live mice through the retro-orbital route and were analysed for haematological, biochemical, and histopathological study. Evaluation of central analgesic activity was carried out by using tail immersion and hot plate methods. No considerable alterations were observed in body weight and organ-to-body weight index with the administration of extracts. An increase in albumin, globulin, total protein content and high-density lipoproteins, white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, and eosinophils were observed. And a decrease in low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and red blood cells were observed. Lymphocyte and monocyte levels were also reduced. The results also showed that the ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts have elevated the time taken to flick response in the tail immersion test, and reduced the number of jumps, paw lick responses in the hot plate method. It was concluded that the diethyl ether and ethanolic extracts were found to be safe, which falls under non-toxic chemicals (LD50>2000 smg/kg) whereas the aqueous extract was found safe up to 550 mg/kg beyond which, it was shown mortality. Ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts were also proved to have analgesic activity.
Protective Effects of Melatonin Against 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Induced Altered Haematological Variables in Mice: An In Vivo and In Silico Approach
Authors: Upadhyaya Ashlesh M. , Hathi Zankruti S. , Dalai Sarat K. , Jhala Devendrasinh D.
Published: September 2022

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic phenoxy herbicide that induces oxidative stress. In contrast, melatonin is a secretory product of the pineal gland with antioxidant properties. In the present study, the ameliorative potential of melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) was investigated against 2,4-D (low, mid, and high dose-16.5, 33.0, and 66.0 mg/kg body weight) induced altered haematological variables using in vivo and in silico models. Doses of 2,4-D and melatonin were administered orally for 28 days. The evaluated haematological indices in the present study were Haemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC), Haematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Corpuscles (WBC), Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, Platelet Count (PT), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Plateletcrit (PCT), and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). The statistical significant value was considered at p<0.05. Molecular docking study was performed for interaction of 2,4-D and melatonin with haemoglobin. In vivo results revealed that 2,4-D treatment showed a significant dose-dependent alteration in above all studied haematological indices. No significant auto reversal effects were observed in the withdrawal study, on the contrarily, the altered haematological indices were normalized and comparable to control when melatonin was given alone and in combination with 2,4-D. In silico results also demonstrated that 2,4-D and melatonin showed competitive bindings with haemoglobin. In nutshell, these in vivo and in silico findings depicted those haematological indices were altered by 2,4-D toxicity and can be abridged by melatonin attributed to its ameliorative potential as also evidenced by molecular docking.