bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Interaction between Ultra-Short Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses and Multiple Plasma Layers
Authors: Feng Fang , Lei Gang
Published: June 2021

In this research, we studied the interaction between the ultra-intense laser and multiple copper layers covered with multiple hydrogen layers. The research conditions are based on the symmetric and asymmetric structure of multilayer copper and hydrogen. It was found that the acceleration obtained from the first copper and hydrogen layer plasma was higher and occurred earlier than the second copper and hydrogen layer plasma. We investigated the spatial distribution and phase-space distribution of copper electrons, copper ions, hydrogen electrons, and hydrogen protons with different widths of the front hydrogen layer and the front copper layer, respectively. Theoretical simulations show that when the ultra-intense laser was irradiated in multiple copper layers coated with multiple hydrogen layers targets, some plasma phase-space distribution varied clearly in the different thicknesses of the first hydrogen layer or first copper layer, while some plasma were not influenced by the thickness of these two layers.
Implementing an Efficient Secure Attribute-Based Encryption System for IoV Using Association Rules
Authors: Han Mu , Zhu Mengli , Cheng Pengzhou , Yin Zhikun , Qu Haixin
Published: June 2021

As the Internet of vehicles (IoV) is the perceptual information subject, the intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) is establishing an interconnected information transmission system through opening more external interfaces. However, security communication problems thereby are generated, attracting massive attention for researchers. Hence, the in-vehicle network system is responsible for controlling the state of the ICV and has a major impact on driving safety. In this paper, we designed an efficient secure ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) system for protecting communication. The research focuses on mining the frequency features between vehicle nodes through the max-miner association rules algorithm, aiming to build frequent item sets. Furthermore, an improved asymmetric ABE scheme can implement secure communication in-vehicle nodes that belong to the same classification set. Through the hardware platform and in-vehicle network simulator (INVS) to evaluate our scheme, the results demonstrate that the work possesses enough security without reducing communication efficiency, meanwhile improve bus load performance.
Tentacle Morphological Variation Coincides with Differential Expression of Toxins in Sea Anemones
Authors: Ashwood Lauren M. , Mitchell Michela L. , Madio Bruno , Hurwood David A. , King Glenn F. , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Norton Raymond S. , Prentis Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Phylum Cnidaria is an ancient venomous group defined by the presence of cnidae, specialised organelles that serve as venom delivery systems. The distribution of cnidae across the body plan is linked to regionalisation of venom production, with tissue-specific venom composition observed in multiple actiniarian species. In this study, we assess whether morphological variants of tentacles are associated with distinct toxin expression profiles and investigate the functional significance of specialised tentacular structures. Using five sea anemone species, we analysed differential expression of toxin-like transcripts and found that expression levels differ significantly across tentacular structures when substantial morphological variation is present. Therefore, the differential expression of toxin genes is associated with morphological variation of tentacular structures in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, the unique toxin profile of spherical tentacular structures in families Aliciidae and Thalassianthidae indicate that vesicles and nematospheres may function to protect branched structures that host a large number of photosynthetic symbionts. Thus, hosting zooxanthellae may account for the tentacle-specific toxin expression profiles observed in the current study. Overall, specialised tentacular structures serve unique ecological roles and, in order to fulfil their functions, they possess distinct venom cocktails.
Dissecting Out the Molecular Mechanism of Insecticidal Activity of Ostreolysin A6/Pleurotolysin B Complexes on Western Corn Rootworm
Authors: Milijaš Jotić Matej , Panevska Anastasija , Iacovache Ioan , Kostanjšek Rok , Mravinec Martina , Skočaj Matej , Zuber Benoît , Pavšič Ana , Razinger Jaka , Modic Špela , Trenti Francesco , Guella Graziano , Sepčić Kristina
Published: June 2021

Ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) is a protein produced by the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It binds to membrane sphingomyelin/cholesterol domains, and together with its protein partner, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), it forms 13-meric transmembrane pore complexes. Further, OlyA6 binds 1000 times more strongly to the insect-specific membrane sphingolipid, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). In concert with PlyB, OlyA6 has potent and selective insecticidal activity against the western corn rootworm. We analysed the histological alterations of the midgut wall columnar epithelium of western corn rootworm larvae fed with OlyA6/PlyB, which showed vacuolisation of the cell cytoplasm, swelling of the apical cell surface into the gut lumen, and delamination of the basal lamina underlying the epithelium. Additionally, cryo-electron microscopy was used to explore the membrane interactions of the OlyA6/PlyB complex using lipid vesicles composed of artificial lipids containing CPE, and western corn rootworm brush border membrane vesicles. Multimeric transmembrane pores were formed in both vesicle preparations, similar to those described for sphingomyelin/cholesterol membranes. These results strongly suggest that the molecular mechanism of insecticidal action of OlyA6/PlyB arises from specific interactions of OlyA6 with CPE, and the consequent formation of transmembrane pores in the insect midgut.
Deoxynivalenol Occurrence in Triticale Crops in Romania during the 2012–2014 Period with Extreme Weather Events
Authors: Gagiu Valeria , Mateescu Elena , Dobre Alina Alexandra , Smeu Irina , Cucu Mirela Elena , Oprea Oana Alexandra , Alexandru Daniel , Iorga Enuța , Belc Nastasia
Published: June 2021

This article aims to evaluate deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale crops in Romania in years with extreme weather events (2012: Siberian anticyclone with cold waves and heavy snowfall; 2013 and 2014: “Vb” cyclones with heavy precipitation and floods in spring). The deoxynivalenol level in triticale samples (N = 236) was quantified by ELISA. In Romania, the extreme weather events favoured deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale in Transylvania and the Southern Hilly Area (44–47° N, 22–25° E) with a humid/balanced-humid temperate continental climate, luvisols and high/very high risk of floods. Maximum deoxynivalenol contamination was lower in the other regions, although heavy precipitation in May–July 2014 was higher, with chernozems having higher aridity. Multivariate analysis of the factors influencing deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale showed at least a significant correlation for all components of variation source (agricultural year, agricultural region, average of deoxynivalenol, average air temperature, cumulative precipitation, soil moisture reserve, aridity indices) (p-value < 0.05). The spatial and geographic distribution of deoxynivalenol in cereals in the countries affected by the 2012–2014 extreme weather events revealed a higher contamination in Central Europe compared to southeastern and eastern Europe. Deoxynivalenol occurrence in cereals was favoured by local and regional agroclimatic factors and was amplified by extreme weather events.
The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies
Authors: Liu Dan , Van Belleghem Jonas D. , de Vries Christiaan R. , Burgener Elizabeth , Chen Qingquan , Manasherob Robert , Aronson Jenny R. , Amanatullah Derek F. , Tamma Pranita D. , Suh Gina A.
Published: June 2021

Increasing rates of infection by antibiotic resistant bacteria have led to a resurgence of interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy. Several phage therapy studies in animals and humans have been completed over the last two decades. We conducted a systematic review of safety and toxicity data associated with phage therapy in both animals and humans reported in English language publications from 2008–2021. Overall, 69 publications met our eligibility criteria including 20 animal studies, 35 clinical case reports or case series, and 14 clinical trials. After summarizing safety and toxicity data from these publications, we discuss potential approaches to optimize safety and toxicity monitoring with the therapeutic use of phage moving forward. In our systematic review of the literature, we found some adverse events associated with phage therapy, but serious events were extremely rare. Comprehensive and standardized reporting of potential toxicities associated with phage therapy has generally been lacking in the published literature. Structured safety and tolerability endpoints are necessary when phages are administered as anti-infective therapeutics.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Influence of Schools, Age Groups, and Virus Variants in Italy
Authors: Sebastiani Giovanni , Palù Giorgio
Published: June 2021

The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks after releasing the measures, the curve stopped to decrease and remained approximately constant for four weeks to increase again in the middle of February. This epidemic phase had a public health care impact since, from the beginning of the fourth week of February, the curve of the intensive care unit’s occupancy started to grow. This wave of infection was characterized by the presence of new virus variants, with a higher than 80% dominance of the so-called “English” variant, since 15 April. School activities in Italy started at different times from 7 January until 8 February, depending on every region’s decision. Our present data on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups in Italy are in agreement with literature reports showing that subjects older than 10 years are involved in virus transmission. More importantly, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that also individuals of age 0–9 years can significantly contribute to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes
Authors: Malogolovkin Alexander , Gasanov Nizami , Egorov Alexander , Weener Marianna , Ivanov Roman , Karabelsky Alexander
Published: June 2021

Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials evaluating oncolytic viruses with or without genetic alterations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, cytokines, antigens and other oncolytic viruses as well. This review is focused on the efficacy and safety of virotherapy and the most promising combinations based on the published clinical data, rather than presenting all oncolytic virus variations, which are discussed in comprehensive literature reviews. We briefly revise the research landscape of oncolytic viruses and discuss future perspectives in virus immunotherapy, in order to provide an insight for novel strategies of cancer treatment.
Epstein–Barr Virus DNA Exacerbates Colitis Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Andari Sirine , Hussein Hadi , Fadlallah Sukayna , Jurjus Abdo R. , Shirinian Margret , Hashash Jana G. , Rahal Elias A.
Published: June 2021

Infection with EBV has been associated with various inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Contribution of this virus to intestinal disease processes has not been assessed. We previously detected that EBV DNA triggers proinflammatory responses via the activation of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Hence, to examine the colitogenic potential of EBV DNA, we used the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse colitis model. C57BL/6J mice received either DSS-containing or regular drinking water. Mice were then administered EBV DNA by rectal gavage. Administration of EBV DNA to the DSS-fed mice aggravated colonic disease activity as well as increased the damage to the colon histologic architecture. Moreover, we observed enhanced expression of IL-17A, IFNγ and TNFα in colon tissues from the colitis mice (DSS-treated) given the EBV DNA compared to the other groups. This group also had a marked decrease in expression of the CTLA4 immunoregulatory marker. On the other hand, we observed enhanced expression of endosomal TLRs in colon tissues from the EBV DNA-treated colitis mice. These findings indicate that EBV DNA exacerbates proinflammatory responses in colitis. The ubiquity of EBV in the population indicates that possible similar responses may be of pertinence in a relevant proportion of IBD patients.
Control of Runoff Peak Flow for Urban Flooding Mitigation
Authors: Lu Yunan , Xie Jinli , Yang Cheng , Qin Yinghong
Published: June 2021

Urban flooding has become a serious but not well-resolved problem during the last decades. Traditional mainstream facilities, such as vegetated roofs, permeable pavements, and others, are effective to eliminate urban flooding only in case of small rains because the water-retaining and detaining capacities of these traditional facilities are limited. Here, we propose a new buffer tank buried in soil to deal with rainwater onsite as peak-flow control for urban flooding mitigation. Experiments showed that the buffer tank intercepts the surface runoff and discharges the intercepted water through a designed outlet orifice. By properly setting the cross-sectional area of the orifice, the tank extends the drainage duration several times longer than that of the rainfall duration. It is found that the buffer tank attenuates the peak flow greater at heavier rain. At small rain (<2.5 mm), the tank is always unfilled, preserving storage spaces for detaining rainwater in case of heavy rain. The buffer tank is thus greatly helpful to mitigate the flooding problem, avoiding being saturated by small long-lasting rain.
Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Snowfall in the Haihe River Basin from 1960 to 2016
Authors: Wu Xu , Li Su , Liu Bin , Xu Dan
Published: June 2021

The spatio-temporal variation of precipitation under global warming had been a research hotspot. Snowfall is an important part of precipitation, and its variabilities and trends in different regions have received great attention. In this paper, the Haihe River Basin is used as a case, and we employ the K-means clustering method to divide the basin into four sub-regions. The double temperature threshold method in the form of the exponential equation is used in this study to identify precipitation phase states, based on daily temperature, snowfall, and precipitation data from 43 meteorological stations in and around the Haihe River Basin from 1960 to 1979. Then, daily snowfall data from 1960 to 2016 are established, and the spatial and temporal variation of snowfall in the Haihe River Basin are analyzed according to the snowfall levels as determined by the national meteorological department. The results evalueted in four different zones show that (1) the snowfall at each meteorological station can be effectively estimated at an annual scale through the exponential equation, for which the correlation coefficient of each division is above 0.95, and the relative error is within 5%. (2) Except for the average snowfall and light snowfall, the snowfall and snowfall days of moderate snow, heavy snow, and snowstorm in each division are in the order of Zones III > IV > I > II. (3) The snowfall and the number of snowfall days at different levels both show a decreasing trend, except for the increasing trend of snowfall in Zone I. (4) The interannual variation trend in the snowfall at the different levels are not obvious, except for Zone III, which shows a significant decreasing trend.
Reservoir Scheduling Using a Multi-Objective Cuckoo Search Algorithm under Climate Change in Jinsha River, China
Authors: Feng Yu , Xu Jijun , Hong Yang , Wang Yongqiang , Yuan Zhe , Wang Chao
Published: June 2021

Changes in rainfall and streamflow due to climate change have an adverse impact on hydropower generation reliability and scheduling of cascade hydropower stations. To estimate the impact of climate change on hydropower, a combination of climate, hydrological, and hydropower scheduling models is needed. Here, we take the Jinsha River as an example to estimate the impact of climate change on total power generation of the cascade hydropower stations and residual load variance of the power grid. These two goals are solved by applying an improved multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm, and a variety of strategies for the optimal dispatch of hydropower stations are adopted to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Using streamflow prediction results of CMIP5 climate data, in conjunction with the Xinanjiang model, the estimated results for the next 30 years were obtained. The results indicated that the negative correlation between total power generation and residual load variance under the RCP 2.6 scenario was weaker than that under the RCP 8.5. Moreover, the average power generation and the average residual load variance in RCP 2.6 was significantly larger than that in RCP 8.5. Thus, reducing carbon emissions is not only beneficial to ecological sustainability, but also has a positive impact on hydropower generation. Our approaches are also applicable for cascade reservoirs in other river catchments worldwide to estimate impact of climate change on hydropower development.
The Influence of Drying-Wetting Cycles on the Suction Stress of Compacted Loess and the Associated Microscopic Mechanism
Authors: Nie Yongpeng , Ni Wankui , Li Xiangning , Wang Haiman , Yuan Kangze , Guo Yexia , Tuo Wenxin
Published: June 2021

To better understand and analyze the unsaturated stability of loess filling body, it is necessary to study the changes in suction stress before and after the drying-wetting cycles. In this study, the SWCC of compacted loess before and after drying-wetting cycles was tested using the filter paper method. Then, the suction stress was calculated and the microstructure of the loess sample was determined by the SEM and NMR. The results showed that the drying-wetting cycles had an important influence on the SSCC and microstructure of compacted loess. The change in suction stress before and after the drying-wetting cycles can be well explained by the loess microstructure. The drying-wetting cycles did not significantly change the basic trend of the compacted loess’s SSCC, but it increased the porosity and the dominant pore diameter of loess, and reduced the suction stress under the same matric suction. The main significant change in suction stress with matric suction occurred within the range of the dominant soil pores. The larger the dominant pore diameter, the smaller the suction stress under the same matric suction. In addition, this study proposes a new method for calculating suction stress based on the PSD parameters.
Flamenco: Musical Structure and the Practice of Improvisation
Authors: FOGGO Robin
Published: June 2021

Improvisation is a commonly recognised marker of flamenco. Since flamenco is a musical practice that was traditionally transmitted aurally and often acquired rather than explicitly taught, there is no widely accepted teaching methodology for the increasing number of participants in this style, and even less guidance on improvisation.The aim of this study is to show what the structural aspects of a flamenco piece are, and which of these aspects are open to improvisation. It also examines how improvisation is conceived of by practitioners, and how it is practised and taught. The observations and findings here are drawn from fieldwork centred on learning the flamenco guitar and consequent ethnographic notes.
Experience of performing laparoscopic organ-preserving operations in treatment of kidney tumors
Authors: Kovalenko N. V. , Javoronkova V. V. , Ivanov A. I. , Chuhnin A. G. , Venskel V. B. , Postolov M. P. , Holopova N. S. , Rustamov T. A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: to conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic kidney resections for benign and malignant neoplasms with and without vascular isolation of the organ. Materials and methods: the research presents a comparative analysis of the direct results of treatment of 182 patients who underwent laparoscopic kidney resection. Among them there were 94 men (51,7 %) and 88 women (48,3 %). The average age was 61,6 ± 6,2 years. Two main methods were used: kidney resection with vascular isolation and without vascular ischemia. Surgical treatment was performed for malignant neoplasms in 152 cases (86,5 %) and for benign neoplasms in 24 cases (13,6 %). We used the methods of laparoscopic resection of the kidney with total vascular ischemia in 44 cases (24,2 %) and without vascular ischemia in 138 patients (75,8 %). Results: the average duration of surgery was 80 ± 18,5 minutes. The average duration of the operation with the use of vascular ischemia was 122,1 ± 17,5 minutes, without ischemia — 81,7 ± 10,6 minutes. The volume of intraoperative blood loss averaged 174,4 ± 20,1 ml, while this indicator when using the ischemic-free technique was 154,2 ± 15,7 ml, which is 32,9 % less (p> 0,05) than in cases with the use of vascular isolation (230,1 ± 20,8 ml). When using the technique of vascular isolation, the serum creatinine has increased for 16,2 ± 1,7 μmol / L (16,7 %), without vascular isolation 6,5 ± 1,5 μmol / L (6,7 %). Conclusion: laparoscopic kidney resections without vascular isolation are characterized by a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss, a shorter operation time and are not accompanied by an increase in the number of postoperative complications.
The digital age as a challenge of history
Authors: Shapinskaya Ekaterina Nikolaevna
Published: June 2021

The article examines the "historical turn" in modern culture and its connection with digital technologies. There is a link between (post)historical representations and mythological and fantasy images. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the entertainment element in the development and presentation of historical images in the digital age. The content of the article is of interest from the point of view of its scientific and methodological specifics in the fields of "Cultural Studies" and "Advertising and Public Relations".
Planning of qualification requirements for the personnel of a modern organization in the context of digital relations
Authors: Lychkan Leonid Petrovich
Published: June 2021

The article examines the provisions related to the personnel policy and personnel planning of the organization's personnel needs, as well as certain aspects of such planning, in particular, the planning of qualification requirements for the organization's personnel. The materials of the article can be used in the preparation of educational programs of economic orientation to determine the qualification characteristics of students, as well as in the disciplines "Enterprise Economics" and "Project Management".
The features of stage activity. Scientific and methodological materials of the "Acting" specialty
Authors: Yurkin Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2021

The author demonstrates that in stage art, the actor acts as the creator and, at the same time, as the material from which the stage image is formed, and, as the final result, as the subject of creative efforts. The article shows that this characteristic feature was used by the famous film directors and authors of their own theater systems in the process of their creation. These directors used the phenomenon that both "author" and "performer" get along in an actor at the same time to develop some techniques of acting. The article may be of interest to those who carry out teaching activities in the framework of the "Acting" specialty.
The United States Strategy and Tactics in the Middle East Region from the End of the Second World War to the Arab Spring. Scientific and methodological materials in the field of International Relations
Authors: Filimonova Anna , Ivanov Sergey
Published: June 2021

Being the most powerful state in the world, the United States has a key influence on the processes taking place in the Middle East. In this regard, the analysis of the strategic paradigm of American policy in the Middle East and the tactics of its implementation from the beginning of its formation is important both for understanding the specifics of the processes taking place in the region and for assessing their impact on the world political process. The material of the article is of scientific and methodological significance in the field of International Relations.
Measurement of turbulent boundary layer unsteady wall pressures beneath elastomer layers of various thicknesses on a plate
Authors: Smith Cory J. , Capone Dean E. , Brungart Timothy A. , Bonness William K.
Published: June 2021

The attenuation of turbulence-inducedwall pressure fluctuations through elastomer layers is studied experimentally and analytically. Wall pressure statistics are measured downstream from a backward facing step, with no elastomer present and beneath 2-, 3- and 4-mm-thick elastomers in
a water tunnel facility. In the absence of an elastomer layer, the wall pressure spectra, cross-spectra and velocity statistics measured at the various locations downstream from the backward facing step are in excellent agreement with those reported in the archival literature. The streamwise
coherence measured beneath the elastomer layers is higher than that measured in the absence of an elastomer layer, an effect which increases with increasing elastomer thickness. It is speculated that this increase in coherence level is due to the ability of the elastomer to support shear stresses,
which effectively increases the area over which an eddy influences the normal stresses measured by the pressure sensors. The high-frequency filtering of the elastomers is also observed in the coherence at the smallest streamwise separation. The attenuation of the turbulent boundary layer wall
pressure fluctuations through the elastomer layer using an analytical elastomer transfer function is in excellent agreement with the attenuation measured experimentally through all thicknesses of elastomer and at all the free stream velocities at which the experiments are performed.
Application of compact silencers as a noise barrier to a naturally ventilated double-skin façade
Authors: Lee Jeehwan , Chang Jae D. , Coffeen Robert
Published: June 2021

A prior study of the acoustical performance of a double-skin facade (DSF) as a noise barrier was carried out based on the percentage of the air vent open surface area, shading louver configurations, and shading louver surface materials. Earlier research findings led to experimental
investigations of the acoustical performance capabilities of compact silencers to replace DSF air vents as both noise barriers and air channels because DSF air cavities, which contribute to natural ventilation performance (e.g., wind-driven or buoyancy-driven performance), are acoustically
vulnerable to noise transmitted through the air vents. This experimental investigation aims to explore noise reduction (NR) through compact silencers applied to DSF air vents. Double-skin facade mock-up test cases were designed based on three test scenarios of a ventilation open surface area:
(1) a 100%air vent open surface area (open mode), (2) a 0% air vent open surface area (closed mode), and (3) a compact silencer. From a data analysis of DSF mock-up test results, the overall NR values of a DSFmock-up ranged from20 to 37 dB(A) depending on the number of compact silencers and
the shading louver orientation used. Configurations of compact silencers and shading louvers helped the DSF mock-up achieve additionalNR values of 5 to 10 dB(A) depending on the test case. Moreover, applying compact silencers to a naturally ventilated DSF mock-up led to significant noise reduction
at low frequencies (125Hz).
Радянська тюрма – дітище НКВС
Authors: Степанюк А.
Published: June 2021

У статті розглянуто та проаналізовано характерні особливості радянської тюрми, як однієї з ланок системи ГУЛАГ, у якій обмеження прав і свобод людини порівняно з іншими місцями ув’язнення були максимальними, де були створені нестерпні умови відбування покарань, з тим, щоб гнобити, зламати, розтоптати особистість засудженого. Тюрма була місцем ув’язнення, куди направляли особливо небезпечних державних злочинців та порушників режиму у виправно-трудових таборах і виправно-трудових колоніях. Алгоритм функціонування радянської тюрми на послідуючі десятиріччя був заданий наказами НКВС 30-х років. Радянська тюрма була місцем максимальної ізоляції ув’язнених, де можливість їх спілкування з зовнішнім світом і між собою була зведена до мінімуму. Звертається увага на невідповідність умов відбування покарання у радянській тюрмі Мінімальним стандартним правилам ООН стосовно поводження з ув’язненими.
Міжнародно-правові стандарти щодо виправлення та ресоціалізації засуджених
Authors: Денисов С. , Заїка Д.
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу міжнародних стандартів поводження із засудженими. Автори поставили за мету проаналізувати загальний масив нормативно-правових актів щодо наявності положень, які регулюють питання виправлення і ресоціалізації та згрупувати їх за спільними ознаками.
Проблема визначення об’єкту контрабанди у чинному законі про кримінальну відповідальність
Authors: Нетяга В.
Published: June 2021

У статті досліджено питання визначення об’єкту контрабанди у Кримінальному кодексі України. Проаналізовано наукові дослідження стосовно об’єкту кримінального правопорушення в цілому та контрабанди зокрема. Визначено, що переміщення через митний кордон України поза митним контролем або з приховуванням від митного контролю вибухових речовин, радіоактивних матеріалів, зброї або боєприпасів (крім гладкоствольної мисливської зброї або бойових припасів до неї), частин вогнепальної нарізної зброї, а також спеціальних технічних засобів негласного отримання інформації не входить до кримінальна-правової охорони суспільних відносин у сфері господарської діяльності. Запропоновано внести низку змін до чинного законодавства для поліпшення кримінально-правового урегулювання питання контрабанди.
Проблемні питання допуску адвоката до участі у проведенні обшуку
Authors: Крицька І. , Дзюба Я.
Published: June 2021

У статті здійснено аналіз основних проблемних питань допуску адвоката до обшуку. Окреслено основні негативні наслідки недопущення адвоката до участі у зазначеній слідчій розшуковій дії. Обґрунтовано, що участь захисника у проведенні обшуку здатна зменшити кількість зловживань і порушень норм кримінального процесуального законодавства з боку працівників правоохоронних органів.
Дотримання прав і свобод людини при примусовому відбиранні біологічних зразків
Authors: Горелкіна К.
Published: June 2021

У статті розглянуто проблеми обмеження деякий прав і свобод людини під час здійснення відбирання біологічних зразків особи в примусовому порядку у кримінальному провадженні. Надано аналіз застосування заходів примусового характеру в процесі отримання зразків для експертизи. Розглянуті межі та допустимість такого примусу. Зосереджена увага на законодавстві України й зарубіжних країн, низці рішень Європейського суду з прав людини та Верховного Суду з окресленої проблематики.
Міжнародне кримінально-процесуальне право: постановка питання
Authors: Попко В.
Published: June 2021

У статті аналізуються проблемні питання виокремлення міжнародного кримінально-процесуального права як галузі міжнародного права й обґрунтовується правомірність постановки питання про його самостійність. Зазначається, що постановка питання про виділення норм матеріального та процесуального характеру в доктрині міжнародного кримінального права ставилась давно й розвивалась поступово: від заперечення доцільності такого можливого структурного поділу до позиції визнання самостійними галузями міжнародного публічного права.

Автор доходить висновку, що міжнародне кримінально-процесуальне право як галузь міжнародного публічного права перебуває в процесі становлення й потребує детального теоретичного обґрунтування. Сучасне міжнародне кримінальне право є складним системним утворенням, що динамічно розвивається, у системі якого виокремлюють підсистеми матеріального й процесуального права. Комплексний характер міжнародного кримінального права визначає правомірність постановки питання про самостійність міжнародного кримінально-процесуального права, на що вказує низка обставин.
Aspects of digitalization of the management system in the course of implementation of housing investment and housing projects
Authors: Larionov Arkadij
Published: June 2021

This article aims to show how the implementation of the Unified Information Platform (UIP) significantly reduces the construction time during the organization of housing and investment construction. In the article, the author also considers important aspects of the digitalization of construction production. The methodological design involves the method of sociological analysis, the method of expert assessments with subsequent statistical analysis of the data obtained as a result of the questionnaire, the method of mathematical modeling, and comparison. The results of the study made it possible to show that the Unified Information Platform raises the efficiency of relationships between participants in urban planning activities; reduces the total construction period of the facility by 12% (153 days); significantly decreases the cost of construction; the functionality of the Unified Information Platform allows to create a streamlined work process and establish timely control over the performance of work; the absence of such systems or only their local variants noticeably lose in efficiency; the introduction of the Unified Information Platform makes it possible, through electronic interaction, to control the vested interests of corporations and not allow the techno-structure represented by government officials to be subordinated; the use of information technology guarantees maximum efficiency and productivity while minimizing production costs.
Atypical Change of Smell Sense in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
Authors: ETÇİOĞLU Erkut , AKGÜNEŞ Hamza Ali , AYDIN Abdülkadir , TOKAT Taşkın
Published: June 2021

The frequency of sudden loss of smell is quite high among the COVID-19 symptoms described. On the other hand, striking modifications can result due to viral infection in terms of neuronal renewal and function. Viral infections promote increase in the turnover of the epithelium cells. A 55-year-old male patient who suffered from anosmia after a nasal trauma he received while doing kung-fu 34 years ago and whose sense of smell changed during COVID-19 is presented.
Erişkin ve Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Santral Sinir Sistemi, Kan ve Santral Venöz Kateterle ilişkili Hastane Enfeksiyonu Etkenlerinin Beş Yıllık Analizi
Authors: SAMLIOĞLU Pınar , ATALAY Sabri
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Hastane enfeksiyonları (HE) en sık yoğun bakım ünitelerinde (YBÜ) görülmekte, yüksek morbidite ve mortalite ile seyretmektedir. Hastanede yatış süresinin uzaması ve tedavi maliyetini arttırması açısından da önemli sağlık sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Hayat kurtarmak amacıyla yapılan invaziv işlemler (santral venöz kateter vb.) hastane enfeksiyonu gelişim oranlarını artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hastanemiz erişkin ve çocuk yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalarda santral sinir sistemi, kan ve santral venöz kateterle ilişkili enfeksiyonlara neden olan etkenlerin dağılımının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Ocak 2016– Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz yoğun bakımlarında yatan hastalarda gelişen ve hastane enfeksiyonu olarak değerlendirilen Santral sinir sistemi, kan ve santral venöz kateterle ilişkili kan enfeksiyonları , kültüre dayalı surveyans yöntemi ile retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının takibi, kaydı ve incelenmesi enfeksiyon kontrol komitesi tarafından yürütüldü.

Bulgular: Beş yıllık sürede Erişkin Yoğun Bakımlarda 25105, Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım’da 6066 , Çocuk Yoğun Bakım’da 1745 olmak üzere toplam 32916 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. 186 (%0,6) hastaya Laboratuvar tarafından doğrulanmış kan kültür enfeksiyonu, 474 (%1.44) hastaya santral venöz kateter enfeksiyonu, 18 (%0.05) hastaya menenjit tanısı konuldu. Santral venöz kateter enfeksiyon etkeni olarak sırasıyla C.parapsilosis 116 (%24.5), ikinci sırada K.pneumoniae 98 (%20.7), Koagülaz Negatif Staflokoklar’a 48 (%10.1) rastlanmıştır. Menenjit etkeni olarak en sık K.pneumoniae 11 (%61.1) daha sonra KNS’ler 2(%11,1) bulunmuştur. Hastane enfeksiyonu olarak değerlendirilen kan kültür sonuçlarında en sık KNS 40 (%21.7) , K.pneumoniae 34 (%18.5) ve C.parapsilosis 18 (%9.8) bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: HE önlemek için düzenli surveyans çalışmaları yapılmalı, gereksiz invaziv işlemlere izin verilmemelidir. Hastane genelinde el hijyeni uyumunun arttırılması, uygunsuz antibiyotik kullanımının önüne geçilmeli, izolasyon önlemlerinin alınmasına dikkat edilmeli, ve aseptik uygulamalara özen gösterilmelidir. Ayrıca enfeksiyon sebebi olan etkenlerin izole edilerek uygun antibiyotik başlanması ve gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önlenmesi gerekir.
Dilema Auditor: Faktor Internal dan Eksternal Independensi
Authors: Sari Martdian Ratna , Zuhri Alhamdi , Natalia Wijaya Paulina Millennia
Published: June 2021

The need for financial information is an important component of economic development. The auditor is the party that guarantees that the financial statements are maintained credibility. However, many cases show the misuse of financial statements. This study aims to determine the effect of internal and external factors on auditor independence. This study used a Purposive Sampling as the sampling method, which is by taking a sample from the population-based on certain criteria (Sugiyono, 2013). This study used a sample of the auditor who has experience working in the KAP for at least 1 year. The type of data used is primary data in the form of a questionnaire. This study proves that the length of the auditor's relationship influences auditor independence. While this study does not prove that the provision of non-audit services, Competition among KAP, Large size of KAP, Audit period, and Relativism influence the independence of auditors.
Discourses of Inverted Yield Curve and the Reaction on US Stock Markets
Authors: Rofi M Akhsanur
Published: June 2021

An outlook model to predict future economic growth is crucially important for government, financial institution, corporate, investor, as well as household. An inverted yield curve has been trusted for long time as a prediction for economic recession. But current development showed that there is change in IYC pattern that might be because of the new normal of market condition, anxious investor, or something else, hence it created the discourse among market stakeholder whether it remain a reliable prediction model or not. The research will focus on discourse among important economic stakeholders in US market and how they might impact on stock market rationally or irrationally using discourses network analysis, graph analysis, and t-Test analysis. The result confirmed that there is a different pattern on IYC, also there is a short-term correlation between IYC and stock price movement, confirmed the information theory.
Reading and Writing Dergisindeki Konu Başlıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: TOPAL Semih , DURAN Erol
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı okuma yazma alanında tanınmış olan “Reading and Writing” dergisinde yayımlanmış olan makale başlıklarında hangi kavramlara odaklanıldığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda “Reading and Writing dergisinde son 5 yıl içerisinde yayımlanan makale başlıklarında en sık geçen sözcük grupları, sözcükler nelerdir?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırma betimsel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada derginin son 5 yılına ait ciltleri incelenmiştir. Veri toplama tekniği olarak belgesel tarama tekniği kullanılmıştır. İnternet veri tabanından derginin belirtilen cilt ve sayılarına ulaşılmıştır. Tespit edilen makale başlıkları sözcük tarama programı (Wordcounter) yardımıyla taranarak en sık kullanılan sözcük, sözcük grupları belirlenmiş ve frekansları belirtilmiştir. Veri analizinde betimsel istatistik kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda taranan 483 makale başlığında en sık yer alan kavramların sözcük grubu biçiminde sırasıyla okuduğunu anlama, morfolojik farkındalık, sözcük okuma, akıcı okuma, ikinci dil olduğu görülmüştür. Sözcük biçiminde ise en sık kullanılan kavramların sırasıyla okuma, yazma, çocuk, anlama ve dil sözcükleri olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca yıllara göre değişimler olduğu, belirli kavramlara yönelik çalışmaların bazı yıllarda daha çok öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Dikkati çeken bazı sözcük grupları hakkında da bilgilendirme yapılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ışığında elde edilen verilerin, dünyada okuma ve yazma alanında son yıllarda hangi kavramlara odaklanıldığı göstermesi bakımından önemli olduğu ve bu yönüyle araştırmacılara yapabilecekleri çalışma konuları hakkında fikir vereceği düşünülmektedir.
Reflexiones electorales: balance del año 2020 y prospección
Authors: Sobrado González Luis Antonio
Published: June 2021

Ofrece algunas reflexiones sobre los desafíos de la administración y el arbitraje de las elecciones, en el entrono la situación de salud pública actual presente en todos los países del mundo ante la pandemia del COVID-19. Meditaciones que expresan la vida en democracia no puede ser solo la valoración de espacios en libertad, sino que exige el involucramiento responsable en la vida de la polis
Sumario electoral: una propuesta para la atención célere de denuncias por faltas electorales
Authors: Cambronero Torres Andrei
Published: June 2021

En el artículo se argumenta que es necesario disminuir los tiempos para la atención de denuncias por presuntas faltas electorales; por ello, se proponen dos modelos procesales sumarios, con base en los cuales la administración electoral podría tramitar tales reclamos de manera expedita
Análisis de vulnerabilidad de Costa Rica y su Código Electoral de cara a la legitimación de capitales por medio del financiamiento de partidos políticos
Authors: Rodríguez Jiménez Amy Pamela
Published: June 2021

El estudio pretende analizar si el Código Electoral costarricense, normativa pilar en materia de representatividad de los pueblos y protector de la democracia, posee herramientas efectivas para evitar la legitimación de capitales en el proceso de financiamiento de los partidos políticos.
La renuncia de área como medio de saneamiento de área, linderos y medidas perimétricas de predios urbanos
Authors: Gonzales Loli Jorge Luis
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se efectúa un análisis a la regulación, la operatividad y la eficiencia del procedimiento registral de «renuncia de área» como medio de saneamiento incorporado a través del Pleno CIX del Tribunal Registral de la Superintendencia Nacional de los Registros Públicos. Se destacan aspectos doctrinales y jurisprudenciales en torno a su reglamentación y utilidad práctica, con la finalidad de evaluar su funcionalidad y la posible necesidad de mejoras normativas. Previamente, para lograr un mejor entendimiento del tema planteado, enunciaremos los aspectos más relevantes de los demás procedimientos de saneamiento de áreas, linderos y medidas perimétricas que, en vía judicial, notarial y registral, son aplicables a los predios urbanos.
Derechos socioprestacionales como categoría ideológica y estructural
Authors: Colque Lizárraga Alberto
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo pretende abordar las categorías vinculadas a los derechos sociales y prestacionales, así como sus garantías. Con esa finalidad, se parte de la distinción entre derechos de primera y segunda generación, y se encuentra que su reconocimiento no se debió a criterios cronológicos ni estructurales sino ideológicos. De ese modo, en la finalidad igualitaria se halla el fundamento ideológico común a todos los derechos sociales, lo cual servirá para plantear una distinción definitiva entre derechos ideológicamente sociales y derechos estructuralmente prestacionales. Así, será posible trazar una intersección entre ambos grupos y postular los derechos socioprestacionales. Finalmente, se desarrolla el tema de las garantías primarias y secundarias de estos derechos, señalando los modelos que se han planteado para su implementación y las dificultades empíricas que se han presentado.
Arrangoitzeko euskararen bilakaera Kanadara igorri gutun pribatu baten argitan
Authors: Duhalde de Serra Maitena
Published: June 2021

Lan honetan Lapurdiko erdigunean kokaturiko Arrangoitze herritik Kanadara igorri gutun pribatu bat dakargu. Dataturik ez den gutun labur honen edizioa aurkeztu ondotik, hizkuntzaren ezaugarriak aztertuko ditugu, Louis-Lucien Bonapartek XIX. mende erdian bertan egin inkesten arrapostuak aintzat hartuz. Azkenik, tokiko berriemaileei esker bildu ditugun datuekin erkatuz, azken hamarraldietan Arrangoitzeko euskararen bilakaerari buruzko ohar zenbait ekarriko ditugu.
Ohar etimologikoa: golde
Authors: Hualde Jose Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Tradizioz pentsatu da golde hitza lat. culter-etik datorrela. Hala ere, EHHEn arazo fonologiko handiak ikusten dira etimologia honetarako eta ondare zaharreko hitza dela proposatzen da (gorri eta gordin hitzen familiakoa). Jatorria ondo zehaztuz gero, hala ere, arazo fonologikoak desagertzen dira. Gaurko bearn. coudre dudarik gabe *kóldrə zaharrago batetik dator eta litekeena da hitz horrek *kóldə aldaera bat izana, gertakaria erregularra baita gaskoiez (ÁLTERU > altre > aute, aude ‘beste’; cf. baita ere Gerseko gask. coute ‘golde’). *kólde hori da euskarak mailegatu zuen hitza. Euskararen barneko soinu aldakuntza bakarra hasierako herskariaren ahostuntzea izan da.
Optimizing content of Pyrovatex CP New and Knittex FFRC in flameretardant treatment for cotton fabric
Authors: THI HUONG NGUYEN , THI HONG KHANH VU , PHAM DUY LINH NGUYEN
Published: June 2021

In this study, the flame-retardant treatment for cotton fabric has been done by using the commercial organophosphoruscompounds labelled Pyrovatex CP New (PR). Knittex FFRC (K), a formaldehyde-free crosslinking agent, has been usedto enhance the link between Pyrovatex CP New and Cellulose molecules. The flame-retardant treatment process forcotton fabric has been done by the pad-dry-cure technique. The purpose of the study is to predict the optimal PyrovatexCP New and Knittex FFRC concentrations with the highest fire resistance efficiency, minimum loss for mechanicalproperties and minimum formaldehyde release for the treated fabric. To achieve this goal, the response surfacemethodology (RSM) was used to find the relationship between the controlled experimental factors and the observedresults. The central composite design type face centred (CCF) was applied as experimental design. According to thisexperimental design, 10 experiments were carried out. The chemical uptake rate, vertical flammability characteristics,LOI value, tensile strength and formaldehyde-free content of the untreated and treated samples were determined. Fourresponse models between the reagent concentrations and the add-on amount, LOI value, warp and weft tensile strengthof the treated fabric were obtained by the assistance of software Design-Expert V 10.0.8. The R-squared values of thesemodels were above 80% confirming their significances. The optimal conditions when combining three parameters (LOI,warp tensile strength and weft tensile strength) were selected as 450 g/l Pyrovatex CP New and 107,575 g/l KnittexFFRC with the assistance of Design-Expert software