bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eğitim Örgütlerinde Yaşanan Çatışmaların Performans Üstüne Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Arıcan Selvi
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this study, which aims to examine the effects of conflicts experienced in educational organizations on performance, will be to determine the theoretical framework of organizational conflicts and to examine the effects of these conflicts on performance. It requires certain Decrees for the people who come together in the direction of achieving a certain goal in the institutional structures to achieve their goal. One of the elements that are important in this andir is that it is well known what the efficiency level of organizational performance is and what is affected by this situation. Organizational conflicts are also an issue that has a direct impact on performance. Organizations that are very important in economic and social life need to be managed competently in an environment of intense opposition. For this reason, it is the most important issue for all corporate personnel, from the top-level managers to the lowest-level field employees, to demonstrate success above the established criteria. In companies where personal achievements are reflected in corporate achievements, the development of human resources is one of the factors affecting this situation. In this sense, performance and increasing performance within the organization are among the factors that organizational success should be focused on with importance. The performance itself, which displays the employee's effort and desire to achieve the goal in the functioning of the institution, is a necessary application regardless of the subject of the work, the level of personnel, the size of the company. With this study, it will be tried to examine the effects of organizational conflict and these types of conflict on performance, and solution suggestions aimed at eliminating organizational conflict types will be presented. Key Words: Education, Organization, Organizational Conflict, Performance
Eğitim Yöneticilerinin Nepotizm Uygulamalarının Eğitimcilere Yönelik Etkilerinin Veri Analizinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özden Süleyman
Published: June 2023

The general purpose of the research is to determine “the analysis of data analysis of the effects of nepotism practices of educational administrators on educators”. For this reason, it was tried to determine the perceptions of teachers working in a school located in Esenyurt district of Istanbul about nepotistic-discriminatory attitudes exhibited by managers by taking into account gender, age, teaching level and years of professional experience. In order to understand whether managers in educational institutions are involved in such nepotistic activities, answers to a number of research questions were sought. In addition, in this research, the reflection of the behavior of managers working in educational institutions on the perception and performance of teachers will be determined. It is aimed to enable people who have an administrative identity in a managerial sense to make self-assessment on their own behavior through an external eye. When the area related to nepotism was scanned in the summer, it was found that studies were mostly conducted on nepotistic behavior in private sector schools. With this study, it is expected that the determinations at the points where public educators are exposed to similar behaviors and this effect is actually maintained in a much more dominant way will benefit the field. For this reason, it will be beneficial to create fair, unifying environments in schools, strengthen communication channels, and adopt an equal distance approach to everyone. Since the decisions taken in any negative situation will be binding on everyone, managers who exhibit an inclusive attitude will thus be able to reduce the perception of favoritism in the teacher. Key Words: Education Manager, Nepotism, Educator, Data Analysis
Eğitim Örgütlerinde Yaşanan İletişim Engelleri ve Çözümüne Yönelik Önerilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Arıcan Selvi
Published: June 2023

In this study, which aims to examine the communication barriers experienced in educational organizations and the suggestions for their solution, the failures in communication and interaction within the institution will be addressed. Thanks to communication, information and documents are constantly in interaction between the departments of the institutions. Dec. Failures in communication cause different blockages in corporate structures. The integration of the organization depends only on the fact that the purpose of the organization is well explained to all personnel, the management and the personnel in all departments are in constant and effective communication. If the goal is not explained to all units Decently due to communication obstacles, differentiation and various thought patterns begin to form between the units. The differentiation of people and units within the organization and the beginning of forming various thought patterns also cause conflict. Another factor that causes communication-related conflicts is the differences related to perception in the communication system. In a communication system that is a versatile and Deceptive, there may be a difference in value judgment, educational level, environment between the people who send the message and the people who receive the message. However, the fact that the messages transmitted are not clear and understandable, and the communication channel through which the message is sent, delivering the message in a different format and time than desired, can lead to differences in perception, so this situation can be a source of communication conflicts. If the flow of information and news between people and groups is interrupted, this is a reason that leads people and units to various conflicts. Key Words: Education, Educational Organizations, Communication, Communication Barriers
Factors Affecting Unemployment Rate in Canada and Denmark
Authors: Daniyal Muhammad , Iftikhar Hafiza Ayesha
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the impact of labor force, government expenditure, gross capital formation, foreign direct investment, energy and domestic credit to private sector on unemployment in Canada and Denmark. Annual data is collected from 1980 to 2021 from world development indicator. Johansen Cointegration approach is used to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The results show that labor force and government expenditure positively and significantly impact unemployment in long run in the case of Canada. While the gross capital formation, energy and domestic credit to private sector have negative but significant impact on unemployment. In short run labor force, GCF, energy and domestic credit to private sector has positive and significant impact on unemployment. On the other hand, in the case of Denmark, labor force and government expenditure have positive and significant impact on unemployment. Whereas gross capital formation, energy, FDI and domestic credit to private sector have significant and negative impact on unemployment while in short run FDI shows negative and significant impact on unemployment.
Planning for Developing Students’ Statistical Literacy: A Research-Informed Framework Development
Authors: Tran Dung , Nguyen Thi Tan An , Nguyen Thi Duyen , Ta Thi Minh Phuong , Huynh Tri Binh , Phan Thanh Phuoc , Pham Thi Nga , Nguyen Thi Hong Nga
Published: June 2023

Teachers’ planning as a research area still receives little attention. This study focuses on developing a research-informed framework to assess teachers’ statistics lesson plans. Using a design-based research approach, we developed a framework that includes (a) two criteria related to learning intentions (clear and comprehensive), (b) four criteria related to task features (statistical literacy, statistical investigation, real data, multiple representations), and (c) one related to constructivist lessons. Then, the team provided professional development on statistical literacy and ways to elicit and develop it in the classroom. After that, the teachers discussed the framework and used it to revise their lesson plans. Also, teachers provided feedback to revise the framework. We discuss how the framework can offer a tool for researchers to examine teacher planning competence and teachers to reflect on their practice.
Изменение состава и электронной структуры поверхности Ti при термическом окислении и имплантации ионов O2 +
Authors: Исаханов З.А. , Косимов И.О. , Ахунов Ш. , Халматов А.С. , Абдуваитов А.А. , Ташмухамедова Д.А. , Умирзаков Б.Е.
Published: June 2023

С использованием методов порошковой рентгеновской дифрактометрии, вторичной ионной масс-спектроскопии, оже-электронной спектроскопии, фотоэлектронной спектроскопии и спектроскопии упруго отраженных электронов изучены состав, плотность электронных состояний валентной зоны и параметры энергетических зон толстой пленки TiO2, полученной термическим окислением, и нанопленки TiО2 после имплантации ионов О2+ в Ti и последующего отжига. Показано, что пленки TiО2 с толщиной 3 мкм имеют по всей глубине строгий стехиометрический состав. В случае ионно-имплантированного Ti образуетсяслой, состоящий из оксидов типа TiO2, TiО и несвязанных атомов Ti и O. После отжига приТ=800 К в течение 30 мин формируется однородная пленка TiO2 с толщиной ~25–30 Å. Показано, что в спектре фотоэлектронов TiO2 имеются три максимума, обусловленные возбуждением электронов из гибридизированных 4s, 4p уровней Ti с 2р уровнями кислорода. Установлено, что ширина запрещенной зоны нанопленки TiO2 составляет ~3.1 эВ, а значение сродства к электрону χ = 3.8 эВ.
Электролит для ванадиевых проточных аккумуляторов
Authors: Искандаров Ш.Ч. , Абдурахманов Б.М. , Ашуров И.Х. , Бердиев У.Ф. , Хамдамов Г.М. , Турдалиев Т.К.
Published: June 2023

Растущий спрос на электроэнергию сопряжен с увеличением применения возобновляемых источников энергии, которые трудно использовать напрямую из-за зависимости ихпараметров от природных явлений. Поэтому существует высокий спрос на технологии иаппаратуру для накопления энергии, особенно на проточные ванадиевые аккумуляторы. Однако из-за высокой стоимости пятиокиси ванадия (V2O5), который используется в составе электролита этих аккумуляторов, их стоимость также высока. Нами показанавозможность вторичного использования в ванадиевых проточных аккумуляторах переработанной V2O5, которая ранее использовалась в качестве катализатора в производстве серной кислоты.
Features of C60 fullerene in the toluene-hexane solvent system
Authors: Makhmanov U.K. , Esanov Sh.A. , Aslonov B.A. , Bekmurodov Z. , Musurmonov K.N. , Sidigaliyev D. , Shukurov A.X.
Published: June 2023

he behaviors of self-aggregation of C60 molecules in solution of C60/toluene/hexane were studied by the methods of refractometry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopy. It has been experimentally shown that with a slight increase in both the concentration of C60 fullerene and the volume fraction of toluene in a C60/toluene/hexane solution, a change in the refractive index of the medium and in the behavior of the optical spectrum is observed. An increase in the content of toluene in the solution manifests both a positive solvatochromic effect and a hyperchromic effect in the intense absorption band at 328.8 nm. At the same time, it was established by DLS that with an increase in the mole fraction of toluene in the C60/toluene/hexane system, the size of nanoclusters synthesized inside the solution decreases. After evaporation of hexane/toluene from fullerene solution droplets transferred to a heated substrate (up to 30°C), filamentary crystalline nanostructures based on C60 fullerene are formed on the substrate surface.
Процесс обработки стеклокерамики методом электроэрозии
Authors: Зарипов А.А. , Гоипов Б.А.
Published: June 2023

Физико-химические и механические свойства керамики и композитов, которые по многим параметрам превосходят современные сплавы, широко не используются из-за трудностей обработки. Их можно качественно обрабатывать электроэрозионным методом, если будет выявлена природа процесса съёма этих материалов. В данной работе исследуются практические результаты процесса съема стеклокерамики в водно-щелочныхэлектролитах, полученные на усовершенствованной электроэрозионной установке. Установлено, что процесс съема диэлектрического материала тесно связан с воздействием водно-щелочных электролитов, электрическими разрядами и тепловыми эффектами. Полученные данные приводят к пониманию последовательности процесса съема стеклокерамики в водных растворах щелочных электролитов и на практике повысить ихпроизводительность.
Эмиссионные свойства и электронная структура трехкомпонентных нанопленок, cформированных на поверхности GaP при низкоэнергетической ионной имплантации и последующем отжиге
Authors: Ширинов Г.М. , Донаев С.Б. , Умирзаков Б.Е.
Published: June 2023

Методом имплантации ионов Al+ и In+ и последующего отжига на поверхности GaP получены тонкие монокристаллические пленки GaAlP и GaInP. С использованиемметодов оже-электронной спектроскопии, ультрафиолетовой фотоэлектроннойспектроскопии, поглощения света и снятием энергетических и угловых зависимостейкоэффициентов вторичной электронной эмиссии впервые определены основныепараметры энергетических зон и эмиссионные параметры нанопленокGa0,6Al0,4P/GaP(111) и Ga0,6In0,4P/GaP(111) c толщиной ≤50 Å. В частности, показано, чтоширина запрещенной зоны Eg пленки Ga0,6In0,4P/GaP заметно меньше, чем Eg подложки, следовательно, значения σm и К системы несколько уменьшаются относительно чистогоGaP.
Исследование электропроводности графита марки С-4 в зависимости от флюенса быстрых нейтронов
Authors: Аликулов Ш.А. , Байтелесов С.А. , Кунгуров Ф.Р. , Садиков И.И. , Таджибаев Д.П. , Тожибоев Д.Д.
Published: June 2023

Исследована электропроводность графита марки С-4, облученного быстрыми нейтронами флюенсом 2.22×1019 н/см2 в диапазоне температур 298–448 К. Установлена нелинейная зависимость электропроводности от дозы и температуры. Показано, что, чем больше доза облучения графита и чем больше флюенс нейтронов, тем больше уменьшаетсяэлектропроводность материала.
El Uso de las Aplicaciones para Mejorar el Entrenamiento: La Aplicación Técnica de Tenis Australia
Authors: Quinlan Geoff
Published: June 2023

Este artículo describe cómo el uso de las aplicaciones puede mejorar el entrenamiento, detalla los beneficios del video análisis y explica las funcionalidades de la Aplicación Técnica de Tenis Australia. También explica cómo comunicar el desarrollo de habilidades y la información técnica adecuada para la etapa Roja (5 – 8 años), Naranja (8 – 10 años), Verde (9 + años) y Amarilla a los jugadores de las respectivas edades.
Un Enfoque Guiado por las Limitaciones para Mejorar las Habilidades Tenísticas
Authors: Carvalho João , Correia Vanda , Araújo Duarte
Published: June 2023

Proponemos un enfoque metodológico con referencia a la enseñanza basada en el juego para mejorar las habilidades tenísticas. Se basa en un diagnóstico de las conductas relacionadas con la decisión, los resultados de la intervención de la manipulación de las restricciones clave, ya sea a nivel de la tarea, rendimiento o entorno. El propósito es guiar la atención de los jugadores hacia fuentes de información relevantes basadas en sus propias acciones. De este modo, la intervención ayuda para que los jugadores detecten mejor la información para guiar acciones más efectivas. El aprendizaje ocurre en base a situaciones que permiten que los jugadores detecten y utilicen la mejor información sobre la tarea de manera autónoma y que les permita descubrir las soluciones únicas en base a las características también únicas de cada jugador.
Enseñanza del Juego en la Red a los Tenistas Iniciantes
Authors: Zmajic Hrvoje
Published: June 2023

Este artículo proporciona consejos prácticos para enseñar el juego en la red a los tenistas iniciantes. La aplicación de las metodologías de enseñanza modernas, el material adaptado y las canchas más pequeñas crean las oportunidades para el aprender el juego en la red con éxito desde el inicio. La sensación de éxito y competencia son factores de motivación importantes que animan a los jugadores a practicar su juego en la red y hacer que sea una parte importante de su estilo de juego.
EXPEDITIOUS DISPOSAL OF CASES BY EMPLOYING THE TECHNIQUES OF CASE MANAGEMENT, PRE-TRIAL REVIEW AND ADR
Authors:   HEC Postdoc Fellow at University of Glasgow UK. Bahria University School of Law Islamabad Pakistan, Hameed Usman , Mustafa Sultana ,   Advocate High Court Pakistan, Shahzad Khuram ,   Advocate High Court Pakistan
Published: June 2023

Every institution is important for the functioning of a democracy, but the judiciary’s role is even more vital as it bears the onerous responsibility of dispensing justice across society. However, owing to public inclination towards litigation, the need for judicial attention will always outweigh the availability of its time. Delay in disposal of cases is widespread in most of the states and Pakistan is no exception. However, procedures are being developed to draw maximum benefit out of the available judicial time. Most of these procedures apply case management techniques to fairly distribute judicial time to different kinds of cases depending on their specific requirements. Obviously, not all cases or stages within those cases require equal amount of judicial attention, case management techniques require us to prioritize cases in order of their complexity, so that each category may be assigned the amount of time and attention it deserves from a judge. Delay in disposal of cases is the result of several variables that are intricately interconnected. In an ideal world, justice should be administered swiftly, but in practice, there can be hurdles in the way of this outwardly simple goal. Aa an example, attorneys would constantly ask for adjournments on one pretext or the other. Judges, on their part, would happily grant their requests to ease their workload. Likewise, never-ending cross examinations and lengthy arguments make it even harder to dispose of a case, not to speak of time spent by judges on writing judgments and coming to terms with miscellaneous applications and administrative work. While there is nothing much that can be done concerning dilatory tactics of lawyers, a lot can, however, be done about efficient management of judicial time. The three most frequently employed techniques are Pre-Trial Review, Differentiated Case Management (DCM) and Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR). According to UNODC’s Best Practices Guide, by adopting these, time spent on disposal of a case can be brought down to one third. It is reassuring to note that case management techniques are being put to practice in Pakistan by introducing legislation, such as the Punjab Alternate Dispute Resolution Act, 2019. However, the public is still inclined towards litigation. Perhaps, one of the reasons is court driven rather than the community centric nature of our case management techniques. Keywords: Justice, ADR, ex-parte, administrative meetings, adjournments, litigation.
ANALYZING ANURADHA ROY’S THE EARTHSPINNER: A STUDY OF ETHNO-CULTURAL CONFLICT
Authors:   Department of Linguistics the University of Haripur, Haripur Pakistan, Mehmood Meenam , Khan Muhammad Zubair ,   Department of Linguistics the University of Haripur, Haripur Pakistan, Rehman Umar ,   Department of Linguistics the University of Haripur, Haripur Pakistan
Published: June 2023

The present study discussed the theme of conflict in Anuradha Roy’s The Earthspinner. The novel exhibits multiple themes but the most powerful theme is ethno-cultural conflict which is depicted through various characters and their relation to each other. The study aimed at exploring the notion of ethno-cultural conflict, its causes and impact in the selected novel. Ethno- has been analyzed with the assistance of theory of conflict proposed by Max Weber. This qualitative study implied Max Weber theory of conflict. The study concludes that diverse ethno-cultural community becomes victim of conflict due to non-tolerance among people and lead to sectarian violence in the selected novel. Keywords: The Earthspinner, Anuradha Roy, Ethno-Cultural Conflict
PUBLIC PERCEPTION ABOUT SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, .. Sonia , Iqbal Zafar ,   Department of Sociology, Govt. Associate College for boys Shalimar Town Lahore Pakistan., Safdar Rashida ,   Department of Sociology, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies
Published: June 2023

COVID-19 has had serious consequences on the socioeconomic lives of people worldwide. This study examined how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the socioeconomic conditions of people in the district of Faisalabad, Pakistan. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for this purpose. In the first stage, the Faisalabad District was selected randomly. In the second stage, two tehsils, Faisalabad City and Faisalabad Saddar, were selected, and two Union Councils were selected for each selected tehsil. Two colonies were selected from each Union Council. Selections were performed at each stage using a simple random sampling technique. In the third stage, 25 respondents were selected from each area using systematic sampling techniques. Thus, 200 participants were selected from the selected areas. In the fourth stage, data were collected through A carefully planned interview schedule aligned with the research objectives. The data that was gathered was subjected to analysis through the utilization of SPSS. The data that was gathered underwent analysis through the utilization of descriptive statistical methods. The results of this analysis are then presented in a visual format, such as tables and figures. The results of the study revealed that the majority of respondents indicated that COVID-19 had impacted their socioeconomic lives in terms of a reduction in income, disturbance in education due to the closure of educational institutes, and increased fear of the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, this study also revealed that the prices of basic necessities of life increased significantly, which in turn increased economic hardship for the poor. The results showed a significant relationship between respondents’ perceptions and their economic, social, public health, and educational implications. Key Words: COVID-19, Public Perception, Socioeconomic impacts, Outbreak, Faisalabad.
ROLE OF MEDIA ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Govt. Associate College for boys Shalimar Town Lahore Pakistan., Iqbal Zafar , .. Sonia ,   Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Safdar Rashida ,   Department of Sociology, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies
Published: June 2023

The engagement of students in social media networking activities has been observed to result in increased focus on their academic pursuits, leading to a higher investment of time and effort in their studies. The current investigation was carried out within the Lahore District situated in the province of Punjab.The pr imary aim of this investigation is to examine the influence of social media utilisation on the scholastic ach ievement of college students. The research was carried out in various urban centers, namely, Lahore, University of the Punjab, G.C University, University of Lahore, and Superior University. This study employed a multistage sampling method. During the initial phase, a random selection process was employed to choose four universities located in the Lahore district of the Punjab province. During the second stage, a random selection process was employed to select four departments from each university. In the third stage, a sample size of 400 participants was chosen through convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 100 students from each university and 25 students from each department, all of whom were enrolled in degree programs. Data were obtained using a meticulously designed interview schedule. The data that was gathered was subjected to analysis through the utilization of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicate that a significant proportion of the participants utilized social media platforms to enhance their scholastic achievements. Therefore, there is a strong positive correlation between academic performance and social media usage. Keywords: Social Media, Networks, Internet, Students, Time.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PATIENTS WITH SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL MIXED METHODS STUDY
Authors:   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan, Shafiq Sameera , Fatima Jamila ,   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Published: June 2023

The objectives of the present study are two folds, 1) to explore the lived experinces of the patients diagnosed with substance use disorders and 2) to investigate levels of psychological distress experienced along with the perceived quality of life and coping startegies used by them. Phenomenological mixed methods approach was applied with two phases and the study was carried out during 1st January to 30th July, 2022. In Phase I, we used qualitative approach of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 6 experts (psychiatrists and clinical psychologists) and 6 patients diagnosed with substance use disorders. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed for themes of lived experinces (Smith et al., 2009) as experienced by the patients and perceived by the experts (Psychiatrists and Clinical Psychologists/Psychologists) treating while probing their experiences. The findings of IPA yielded main factors that influence people to indulge in substance use disorder are peer pressure, family influence, stigma, sexual satisfaction , loneliness, social and cultural contextual factors, and experimentation. In Phase II, we used quantitative approach of cross-sectional design. 200 patients were selected by purposive sampling technique from Shaheed Naveed Rehabilitation Clinic, Pathan Wali, Wazirabad, Punjab. They were screened with Urdu version of Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10, Skinner, 1982; Yudko, Lozhkina, Fouts, 2007). To measure psychological distress, Urdu version (Farooqi, & Habib, 2010) of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Dass-21, Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) was used. To measure quality of life and coping strategies, Urdu versions of WHOQOL-BREF (Lodhi, Raza, Montazeri, Nedjat, Yaseri, & Holakouie-Naieni, 2017) and Copying Scale (Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013) were used with patients diagnosed with substance use disorders. The results showed that patients experienced moderate levels of depression (M=17.26, SD=4.71) and anxiety (M=14.10, SD=4.58) and mild level of stress (M=17.32, SD=4.56). The score on coping scale indicated low level (M= 35.0, SD= 7.48) of coping strategies used for appraisal and behaviorally dealing with their issues around drug addiction. Conclusively, the lived experinces of the drug addicts centralized around socio-cultural influences of perceived stigmatization and imbalanced family-peer interactions that arose sensual and curiosity for experimentation with the drugs. They perceived their life to be of average quality and exhibited low coping skills, thus suffered with moderate level of depression and anxiety even in their full remission for substance use disorder in rehabilitation centres. The implications are discussed in the light of the fidnings of the present research. Keywords: Anxiety, Coping, Depression, Drug Addiction, Quality of Life, Stress.
FAMILY FUNCTIONING AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN ADOLESCENTS: MEDIATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION
Authors:   National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan., Shafiq Hira , Hanif Rubina ,   National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan., Shafiq Sameera ,   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan
Published: June 2023

The present study aimed at investigating the mediating role of emotion regulation in relationship between family functioning and social competences in adolescents. ICPS Family Functioning Scale (Noller, Seth-Smith, Bouma, & Schweitzer, 1992), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (Gullone & Taffe, 2012) and Social Competence Scale (Smart & Sanson, 2003) were used on 621 adolescents, selected by purposive sampling technique to measure the study variables. Results revealed that family functioning has significant positive relationship with cognitive reappraisal (r=.17, p<0.01), emotional regulation (r=.14, p<0.01) and social competence (r=.36, p<0.01). Social competence has significant positive correlation with suppression (r=.14, p<0.01), cognitive reappraisal (r=.39, p<0.01), and emotional regulation (r=.34, p<0.01). Family functioning (β=.31, p<0.01) and emotional regulation (β=.29, p<0.01) have significantly and positively predicted social competences in college students. Intimacy (β=.39, p<0.01) and conflict (β=.11, p<0.01) have significantly and positively predicted social competences in college students. Cognitive reappraisal (β=.38, p<0.01) has significantly and positively predicted social competences in college students. Cognitive reappraisal has partially mediated between family functioning and social competences of the adolescents. Implications are discussed in the light of the results. Keywords: Adolescents, Intimacy, Parenting Style, Reappraisal, Social Competence.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CHANGING THE LITTERING BEHAVIOR OF TOURISTS: A PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Department of Mass Communication Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore Pakistan., Saleem Nadia , Sadiq Saba ,   Department of Mass Communication Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore Pakistan., Raza Fatima ,   Department of Media Studies, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore Pakistan.
Published: June 2023

This study explores the role of social media in influencing the littering behavior of tourists and examines its relationship with attitude change, social norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and actual behavior. The survey-based research collected data from 120 respondents in Islamabad and Rawalpindi in December 2022. The study found a low positive association between social media and attitude change as well as the social norms of tourists. However, social media as a source of information did not directly predict the actual behavior of tourists regarding littering. Nevertheless, there was a low positive relationship between social media usage and the actual behavior of tourists in terms of littering. The study suggests that content and campaigns against littering on social media can positively influence and discourage littering habits among tourists and the public. In summary, the study highlights the potential of social media in driving positive changes in tourists' littering behavior. Keywords: Social media, tourists, behavior, social norms, correlation.
FROM EVIDENTIAL DATA TO EVIDENCE: PRODUCTION, ADMISSION AND EVALUATION OF EVIDENTIAL DATA IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS OF PROOF
Authors:   School of Law, University of Gujrat,Gujrat Pakistan, Majeed Nasir , Hilal Amjad ,   University of Swat, Swat Pakistan, Ilyas Rabia ,   School of Law, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan.
Published: June 2023

The objective of the present study was to understand how the courts process evidence in criminal proceedings to establish disputed questions of fact. The present study, after deploying doctrinal research methodology, found that the criminal procedure code (hereinafter CrPC), Qanoon e Shahadat Order (hereinafter QSO), the police rules and the high court rules regulate the production of evidence in the courts. The study also found that the courts admit evidence by considering the relevancy of evidence, exclusionary rules of evidence and the procedural rules related to collection and recording of evidence. Moreover, the study found that the courts consider the quantity and the quality of evidence while evaluating the evidence. In addition, the study found that the courts draw inferences by using deductive, inductive, and abductive methods of drawing inferences from evidence. The study also found that generalization played a central role in all the three methods of drawing inferences. It is expected that the present study will clarify the legal framework dealing with processing of evidence in criminal cases. Keywords: Admission of Evidence, Evaluation of Evidence, Generalization, Process of Proof, Production of Evidence. Relevancy of Evidence.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STORYTELLING IN TEACHING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN ZOOM MEETINGS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors:   Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore Pakistan., Farooq Fareeha , Muhammad Yaar ,   Department of Education, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan., Mahmood Aisha ,   Department of STEM Education, University of Education, Lahore. Pakistan.
Published: June 2023

The current study investigated how the teacher’s use of storytelling, among other strategies, for teaching qualitative research affected the learning experiences of research students in the Zoom classroom. This study assumes that the ability to learn through dialogic interactions between people, materials, and objects is crucial to the success of the process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection from ten MPhil (Educational Leadership and Management) research scholars at a private university. The results found storytelling to be a highly effective tool in producing reflective learning outcomes in the research class. In addition, storytelling prevented research students from being distracted in class. Moreover, digital storytelling helped research scholars build in-depth knowledge and skills of various aspects of qualitative research methods. Keywords: Reflective learning, Qualitative research, Storytelling methodology, engagement and motivation, Higher education.
IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN EDITORIALS ON TERRORISM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI AND INDIAN ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS
Authors:   Department of English, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad Pakistan., Badshah Islam , Kausar Ghazala ,   Department of English, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad Pakistan., Khan Aziz Ullah ,   Department of English, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad Pakistan.
Published: June 2023

Dicourses produced in the print media generally carry implicit ideologies to shape the cognitive make up of its readership. English newspapers in Pakistan and India also use such discourse strategies to adance their own countries’ ideological agenda. This research study, therefore, aimed to explore the discursive strategies that two leading English dailies of the two countries employed to portray ideological conflict in relation to the Indian-claimed surgical strikes (2016) against terrorist hideouts in Pakistani territory. To achieve this aim, editorials from English newspapers of both the countries were purposively selected and analyzed using Ideological Square Model proposed by van Dijk (1996,1998). The results of the study show that discourses of the newspaper editorials of both the countries carry discursive strategies that display the ideological conflict of the two countries in relation to terrorism. Using strategies such as passivisation, positive self-presentation, negative other-presentation, passivisation, personalization, and metonymy, the Indian editorial considers these strikes valid and successful, while Pakistani editorial vehemently denies this, thereby accentuating the Us and Them dicotomy. The findings of the study has implications for general readership as well as political elite of the two countries. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Ideological Conflict, Media Discourse, Surgical Strikes, Ideological Square.
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN THE NOVEL EXIT WEST BY MOHSIN HAMID
Authors:   Department of English, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, Anwar Nabila , Khan Fawad ,   Department of English, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, Riaz Bushra ,   Department of English Languages, University of Chenab, Gujrat
Published: June 2023

The goal of this research is to examine the many forms, uses, and aspects of deixis in the book Exit West. With the use of deixis theories from Cruse (2000), Levinson (1983), and Kreidle (1998), the author employed a qualitative descriptive technique. According to the findings, there are 35 deixis data across five different kinds in the book Exit West, including 6 deixis data (20%) about people, 9 deixis data (18.3%) about places, 7 deixis data (28.3%) about times, 12 deixis data (28.3%) about discourse, and 11 deixis data (25%) about social deixis. According to the numerous varieties of deixis, deixis serve various purposes. They are intended to show the time at which the speech occur (time deixis), the references present in the speech acts' discourse (discourse deixis), the person's participation in the speech acts (person deixis), the speaker's and addressee's relative locations (spatial deixis), and various facets of both the speaker and addressee's social relationship. (social deixis). Participant role (33.3%), utilisation function (56.7%), social status (8.3%), formality/informality (8.3%), and closeness (18.3%) were the five deixis components that emerged from the data analysis. Keywords: Deixix, Novel Reading, Pakistani Novels, Pragmatic Analysis.
CITING THE EMPIRICAL SHREDS OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE ON PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS EMPLOYING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS FROM 2001-2020
Authors:   Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat,Gujrat, Pakistan, Shoaib Muhammad , Mustafa Raza- E- ,   Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan, Hussain Khadija Ghulam ,   Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Published: June 2023

This paper aimed to evaluate pedagogical skills, modern pedagogy, cultural pedagogy, online pedagogy, and learning environment using bibliometric visualization technique from 2001 to 2020. The main objective was to consolidate the existing available published documents on the subject of pedagogical skills in the field of sociology of education, learning, and educational domain in the web of science indexed. We extracted 5327 documents using a research query and presented the data in the form of tables and figures. The study findings asserted the article as major type, 2019 top publication year, Univ. Teknol. Malaysia, Malaysia as a top organization, and the United States as a top country of the published documents. The results also revealed that computers & education as the top source, Ogata H as a top author, education educational research as the main area, and education was reported as a top keyword of the published documents. Keywords: Pedagogical Skills, Modern Pedagogy, Cultural Pedagogy, Online Pedagogy, Learning Environment, Bibliometric Visualization.
INCOME INEQUALITY AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM MICS SURVEY DATA
Authors:   Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK, Naveed Tanveer Ahmed , Liaqat Niza ,   Department of Economics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to estimate domestic violence in Punjab (Pakistan) and to empirically investigate the impact of income inequality on domestic violence in Punjab (Pakistan) by using the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) microdata. Domestic violence is a human right violation and is a worldwide issue. Over the world, about one in three (35%) of women experience domestic violence. The present study uses domestic violence as dependent variables and the Gini coefficient as independent variable and other control variables at the district level in Punjab (Pakistan). Results of this study show that the Gini coefficient has a positive and significant relationship with domestic violence. The outcome of this study shows that the higher the unequal distribution of income, the higher the violence. In this study, northern and eastern districts in Punjab are more developed and have more equal distribution of income, while southern and western districts in Punjab have more unequal distribution of income and other resources. The government of Punjab should prioritize Southern and western districts, like Rajanpur, Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, DG Khan, Bhakkar and Khushab, Muzaffargarh and Layyah, for focused intervention for poverty eradication and equal opportunities for everyone. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Income Inequality, Punjab, Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
DRUG USAGE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   Universiti Malaya & National Defence University Islamabad Pakistan, Rehman Muhammad Zia-ur- , Saboor Qurat Ul Ain ,   National Defence University, Islamabad Pakistan., Pate Nikita Christina Robin ,   National Defence University, Islamabad Pakistan.
Published: June 2023

The study focuses on the drug abuse among students after getting exposure at university level. As the drug mafia realized the situation and drug dealers made it a business to supply drugs to the students at the educational institutions especially the universities. The study explores that at cases it is due to lack of awareness, some students just try it for fun and then it becomes hard to get over the addiction of drugs. Thus ultimately, such drug addiction leaves a good fraction of society's workforce crippled. The study is explorative in nature, in which existing state of drug abuse has been described and then also explored various causes. Thus, hypotheses were developed and gauged with the help of survey questionnaires. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a non-contrived environment with minimal researchers’ interference. The unit of analysis is students studying in universities of metropolitan cities. Data analysis shows that neither economic nor the social psychological consequences of the drug use be denied. Drug addicts get a colossal social set back because nobody is found ready to accept it. Entrance of the drug user is the critical point of this study. Additionally, the study provides insight that most drug addicts emerge due to the family situation and social pressures. Keyword: Sustainable learning, management, drug abuse, university students, challenges.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FRAMING OF THE CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) IN THE DAILIES OF PAKISTAN AND CHINA
Authors:   Center for Media and Communication Studies, The University of Gujrat, Pakistan, Naseer Hassan , Shah Syed Ali Hassan ,   Mass communication and Media Studies, GIFT University, Gujranwala Pakistan., Ghani Abdul ,   School of Media & Communication Studies, Minhaj University Lahore Pakistan
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research, entitled "Framing of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in the leading press of Pakistan and China," is to gain an understanding of how the press in both countries (the Pakistani newspaper Daily Dawn and the Chinese newspaper China Daily) has framed CPEC in relation to issues such as trade development and economic growth, regional peace and security, job creation, the energy sector, the port of Karachi as a gateway to international waters, the route to the Central Asian Republics. Supportive, unsupportive, and neutral stances towards CPEC and associated concerns are also considered. The study's primary assumptions are that journalists in Pakistan and China would frame CPEC positively, and the international community will respond positively to the project. Agenda setting theory is utilised to analyse the media agendas of both countries, and the theory of framing is used to compare and contrast the two countries' dominant news coverage. From January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2022, the news and editorial pages of the chosen newspapers are analysed. To further understand how these CPEC-related challenges are being framed, a content analysis has been conducted. The findings show that both media present concerns related to CPEC in a positive light and provide largely positive coverage of them. Keywords: Corridor, Framing, Agenda.
INSTAGRAM USE AND SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG YOUNGSTERS IN PAKISTAN: SERIAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS
Authors:   Department of Mass Communication Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan, Zeib Fakhta , Shahzad Sobia ,   Department of Mass Communication Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
Published: June 2023

Social media’s technological developments have made it possible to extensively share visual content such as photos and videos to represent idealized beauty. Many studies conclude negative effects of Instagram on Social anxiety. However, the mechanism through which Instagram affects psychological wellbeing of youngsters is not studied adequately. Using Street's (2003) three-stage model of interactive media use, quantitative research methodology was designed. A survey of university youngsters (N=384) through a set of questions is conducted. Study followed a cross-sectional non-experimental research approach. Mediation path from Instagram usage to social anxiety was analyzed statistically applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Investigations revealed that the direct relationship of Instagram usage with social anxiety was not significant. However, Instagram usage was linked to social anxiety through mediating factors. Social comparison as a proximal outcome and self-esteem as intermediate outcome were the mediating factors supported mediation framework. Gender and age were found insignificant in the relationship between the youngsters’ Instagram usage and social anxiety. Finding would be helpful in developing a practical mechanism to cope with mental health issues of youngsters due to the use of online spaces in digital age. Keywords: Instagram use, Three-stage model, Social comparison, Self-esteem, Social anxiety
IDENTIFYING ESSENTIAL EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS FOR NEW GRADUATE TEACHERS: SCHOOL EMPLOYERS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Arif Amna , Mir Tayyaba Tariq ,   Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, Gul Fariha ,   Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: June 2023

Skills necessary for attaining and maintaining a good job are called employability skills. It is argued, however, that new graduates from education departments lack market-oriented employability skills, which leads to their unemployment. This hermeneutic phenomenological research examines employers’ views on new graduate teachers’ job market readiness. This qualitative research interviewed twelve secondary school administrators in Lahore. The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results show that employers encounter several obstacles when dealing with new graduate teachers, including a gap between academic comprehension and practical performance, a lack of transferrable and communication skills, and increased expectations from fresh graduates. Employers offer three ways to improve new graduate teachers’ employability skills: expanding students’ exposure, modifying and updating the curriculum, and encouraging pro-activity. The findings enrich the literature on teacher education and employability skills by understanding employers’ viewpoints. Keywords: Employability Skills, New Graduate Teachers, Teacher Education, Qualitative Research.