bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical dynamics and subcortical signatures of motor-language coupling in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Melloni Margherita , Sedeño Lucas , Hesse Eugenia , García-Cordero Indira , Mikulan Ezequiel , Plastino Angelo , Marcotti Aida , López José David , Bustamante Catalina , Lopera Francisco , Pineda David , García Adolfo M. , Manes Facundo , Trujillo Natalia , Ibáñez Agustín
Published: July 2015

Impairments of action language have been documented in early stage Parkinson’s disease (EPD). The action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE) paradigm has revealed that EPD involves deficits to integrate action-verb processing and ongoing motor actions. Recent studies suggest that an abolished ACE in EPD reflects a cortico-subcortical disruption and recent neurocognitive models highlight the role of the basal ganglia (BG) in motor-language coupling. Building on such breakthroughs, we report the first exploration of convergent cortical and subcortical signatures of ACE in EPD patients and matched controls. Specifically, we combined cortical recordings of the motor potential, functional connectivity measures and structural analysis of the BG through voxel-based morphometry. Relative to controls, EPD patients exhibited an impaired ACE, a reduced motor potential and aberrant frontotemporal connectivity. Furthermore, motor potential abnormalities during the ACE task were predicted by overall BG volume and atrophy. These results corroborate that motor-language coupling is mainly subserved by a cortico-subcortical network including the BG as a key hub. They also evince that action-verb processing may constitute a neurocognitive marker of EPD. Our findings suggest that research on the relationship between language and motor domains is crucial to develop models of motor cognition as well as diagnostic and intervention strategies.
Analyzing Arabidopsis thaliana root proteome provides insights into the molecular bases of enantioselective imazethapyr toxicity
Authors: Qian Haifeng , Lu Haiping , Ding Haiyan , Lavoie Michel , Li Yali , Liu Weiping , Fu Zhengwei
Published: July 2015

Imazethapyr (IM) is a widely used chiral herbicide that inhibits the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). IM is thought to exert its toxic effects on amino acid synthesis mainly through inhibition of acetolactate synthase activity, but little is known about the potential effects of IM on other key biochemical pathways. Here, we exposed the model plant Arabidospsis thaliana to trace S- and R-IM enantiomer concentrations and examined IM toxicity effects on the root proteome using iTRAQ. Conventional analyses of root carbohydrates, organic acids and enzyme activities were also performed. We discovered several previously unknown key biochemical pathways targeted by IM in Arabidospsis. 1,322 and 987 proteins were differentially expressed in response to R- and S-IM treatments, respectively. Bioinformatics and physiological analyses suggested that IM reduced the BCAA tissue content not only by strongly suppressing BCAA synthesis but also by increasing BCAA catabolism. IM also affected sugar and starch metabolism, changed the composition of root cell walls, increased citrate production and exudation and affected the microbial community structure of the rhizosphere. The present study shed new light on the multiple toxicity mechanisms of a selective herbicide on a model plant.
Laser-induced transformation of supramolecular complexes: approach to controlled formation of hybrid multi-yolk-shell Au-Ag@a-C:H nanostructures
Authors: Manshina A. A. , Grachova E. V. , Povolotskiy A. V. , Povolotckaia A. V. , Petrov Y. V. , Koshevoy I. O. , Makarova A. A. , Vyalikh D. V. , Tunik S. P.
Published: July 2015

In the present work an efficient approach of the controlled formation of hybrid Au–Ag–C nanostructures based on laser-induced transformation of organometallic supramolecular cluster compound is suggested. Herein the one-step process of the laser-induced synthesis of hybrid multi-yolk-shell Au-Ag@a-C:H nanoparticles which are bimetallic gold-silver subnanoclusters dispersed in nanospheres of amorphous hydrogenated a-C:H carbon is reported in details. It has been demonstrated that variation of the experimental parameters such as type of the organometallic precursor, solvent, deposition geometry and duration of laser irradiation allows directed control of nanoparticles’ dimension and morphology. The mechanism of Au-Ag@a-C:H nanoparticles formation is suggested: the photo-excitation of the precursor molecule through metal-to-ligand charge transfer followed by rupture of metallophilic bonds, transformation of the cluster core including red-ox intramolecular reaction and aggregation of heterometallic species that results in the hybrid metal/carbon nanoparticles with multi-yolk-shell architecture formation. It has been found that the nanoparticles obtained can be efficiently used for the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy label-free detection of human serum albumin in low concentration solution.
The elusive life cycle of scyphozoan jellyfish – metagenesis revisited
Authors: Ceh Janja , Gonzalez Jorge , Pacheco Aldo S. , Riascos José M.
Published: July 2015

Massive proliferations of scyphozoan jellyfish considerably affect human industries and irreversibly change food webs. Efforts to understand the role of jellyfish in marine ecosystems are based on a life cycle model described 200 years ago. According to this paradigm the pelagic medusae is considered seasonal and alternates with the benthic polyp stage from which it derives. However, we provide evidence that a) the occurrence of several species of medusae is not restricted to a season in the year, they overwinter, b) polyp- and medusa generations are neither temporally nor spatially separated and c) “metagenesis” which is defined as the alternation between sexual and asexual generations does not always occur. Hence we recommend additions to the current model and argue that the scyphozoan life cycle should be considered multi-modal, rather than metagenetic. The implications of these findings for jellyfish proliferations, including possible consequences and associated environmental drivers, are discussed.
Application of SPE followed by large-volume injection GC/MS for the analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water
Authors: Kim Hyunook , Hong Youngmin , Sang Byung-In , Sharma Virender K.
Published: July 2015

A new method comprising solid phase extraction (SPE) and subsequent large volume injection-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (LVI-GC/MS) was developed to analyze 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin in water.
Preparation of a fluorescent silver nanoprism–dye complex for detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk
Authors: Peng Chifang , Liu Chunli , Xie Zhengjun
Published: July 2015

A simple and sensitive “turn-on” fluorescence detection method for H2O2in milk was developed based on H2O2induced morphology transitions of fluorescent dye–protein complex-capped silver nanoprisms (FDSNPs).
Colibactin biosynthesis and biological activity depend on the rare aminomalonyl polyketide precursor
Authors: Brachmann A. O. , Garcie C. , Wu V. , Martin P. , Ueoka R. , Oswald E. , Piel J.
Published: July 2015

Biochemical studies suggest the rare aminomalonyl unit as a building block for the elusive E. coli genotoxin colibactin.
Red, far-red, and near infrared photoswitches based on azonium ions
Authors: Dong M. , Babalhavaeji A. , Hansen M. J. , Kálmán L. , Woolley G. A.
Published: July 2015

Far red and near infrared absorbing derivatives of azobenzene that can undergo photoswitching in aqueous solutions.
Biomacromolecular logic gate, encoder/decoder and keypad lock based on DNA damage with electrochemiluminescence and electrochemical signals as outputs
Authors: Liu Shuang , Li Menglu , Yu Xue , Li Chen-Zhong , Liu Hongyun
Published: July 2015

Biomacromolecular logic devices including a keypad lock were developed based on the damage of natural DNA in Ru(bpy)32+solution.
Rational, yet simple, design and synthesis of an antifreeze-protein inspired polymer for cellular cryopreservation
Authors: Mitchell Daniel E. , Cameron Neil R. , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: July 2015

A structurally simple synthetic polymer based on alternating charged side chains is designed and synthesised to mimic antifreeze proteins. The polymer is found to enhance the cryopreservation of red blood cells.
Cucurbit[8]uril-templated H and J dimers of bichromophoric coumarin dyes: origin of contrasting emission
Authors: Barooah Nilotpal , Mohanty Jyotirmayee , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C.
Published: July 2015

Supramolecular control of the novel dimer emission from bichromophoric coumarin dyes caught in the cucurbit[8]uril cavity; a facile approach to developing photo-responsive molecular assemblies.
DNA-caged gold nanoparticles for controlled release of doxorubicin triggered by a DNA enzyme and pH
Authors: Zhang Zi-Mou , Gao Peng-Cheng , Wang Zhi-Fei , Sun Bai-Wang , Jiang Yong
Published: July 2015

DNA polyhedron-caged AuNPs were self-assembled using four-point-star DNAs, with three strands hybridizing to each other and the fourth strand attaching to the AuNPs. The caged AuNPs can act as doxorubicin nanocarriers; a DNA enzyme and pH can trigger controlled release.
The role of a mixture of DMSO : water in the crystallization of α-lactose monohydrate (α-LM) single crystals with desired morphology
Authors: Vinodhini K. , Srinivasan K.
Published: July 2015

In this study, DMSO–water solvent mixtures (from 10 to 90% v/v) were used for the growth of alpha-lactose monohydrate (α-LM) single crystals.
Influence of ultrasound on the instantaneous synthesis of tridimensional α-Ni(OH)2 nanostructures and derived NiO nanoparticles
Authors: Cabanas-Polo S. , Gonzalez Z. , Sanchez-Herencia A. J. , Ferrari B.
Published: July 2015

Nickel hydroxides present an extraordinary importance in the development of electrochemical devices.
A unified diabatic description for electron transfer reactions, isomerization reactions, proton transfer reactions, and aromaticity
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , McKemmish Laura K. , McKenzie Ross H. , Hush Noel S.
Published: July 2015

A way is found for describing general chemical reactions using diabatic multi-state and “twin-state” models. (Image adapted with permission from https://www.flickr.com/photos/cybaea/64638988/).
Non-adiabatic effects in thermochemistry, spectroscopy and kinetics: the general importance of all three Born–Oppenheimer breakdown corrections
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , McKemmish Laura K. , McKenzie Ross H. , Hush Noel S.
Published: July 2015

Analytical and numerical solutions describing Born–Oppenheimer breakdown in a simple, widely applicable, model depict shortcomings in modern computational methods.
Nonlinear effects in infrared action spectroscopy of silicon and vanadium oxide clusters: experiment and kinetic modeling
Authors: Calvo Florent , Li Yejun , Kiawi Denis M. , Bakker Joost M. , Parneix Pascal , Janssens Ewald
Published: July 2015

Nonlinear effects in infrared action spectroscopy are experimentally quantified and successfully modeled for different inorganic clusters.
Flexible band gap tuning of hexagonal boron nitride sheets interconnected by acetylenic bonds
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Luo Youhua , Feng Xiaojuan , Zhao Lixia , Zhang Meng
Published: July 2015

Periodically embedded acetylenic chains in BN sheets provide flexible band-gap engineering with opposite overall tendencies in oscillating manner.
Molecular mechanism of water permeation in a helium impermeable graphene and graphene oxide membrane
Authors: Raghav Nallani , Chakraborty Sudip , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: July 2015

Layers of graphene oxide (GO) are found to be good for the permeation of water but not for helium (Science, 2012, 335(6067), 442–444) suggesting that the GO layers are dynamic in the formation of a permeation route depending on the environment they are in (i.e., water or helium).
Interaction of l-alanyl-l-valine and l-valyl-l-alanine with organic vapors: thermal stability of clathrates, sorption capacity and the change in the morphology of dipeptide films
Authors: Ziganshin Marat A. , Gubina Nadezhda S. , Gerasimov Alexander V. , Gorbatchuk Valery V. , Ziganshina Sufia A. , Chuklanov Anton P. , Bukharaev Anastas A.
Published: July 2015

The change of the surface morphology of thin film of dipeptides correlates with stoichiometry of their clathrates.
New avenues for ligand-mediated processes – expanding metal reactivity by the use of redox-active catechol, o-aminophenol and o-phenylenediamine ligands
Authors: Broere Daniël L. J. , Plessius Raoul , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar
Published: July 2015

The emerging applications of catechol, o-aminophenol and o-phenylenediamine based redox-active ligands for chemical reactivity and catalysis are highlighted.
A new class of thermotropic lanthanidomesogens: Eu(iii) nitrate complexes with mesogenic 4-pyridone ligands
Authors: Pană Amalia , Chiriac Florentina L. , Secu Mihail , Pasuk Iuliana , Ferbinteanu Marilena , Micutz Marin , Cîrcu Viorel
Published: July 2015

A new class of thermotropic lanthanidomesogens based on 4-pyridone ligands with mesogenic cyanobiphenyl groups has been designed and prepared.
Synthesis and chemistry of the open-cage cobaltaheteroborane cluster [{(η5-C5Me5)Co}2B2H2Se2]: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Halet Jean-François , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: July 2015

An open cage triple-decker molecule with three planar rings almost parallel to each other (see the picture).
Catalytic dioxygenation of flavonol by MII-complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) – mimicking the MII-substituted quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Sun Ying-Ji , Huang Qian-Qian , Li Pei , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: July 2015

[MIIL(OAc)] (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) are reported as the models of various MII-substituted quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase.
Lipophilic ruthenium salen complexes: incorporation into liposome bilayers and photoinduced release of nitric oxide
Authors: Nakanishi Keita , Koshiyama Tomomi , Iba Soichi , Ohba Masaaki
Published: July 2015

We report the efficient incorporation of a new lipophilic Ru salen complex into liposome bilayers, and the photo-controlled release and transport of nitric oxide.
Mechanical matching between a ligand and receptor
Authors: Peñaherrera Ana
Published: July 2015

Interactions between ligands and receptors and subsequent “locking” must involve some resistance to unbinding, manifesting itself as an interaction force. At body temperature, spontaneous unbinding will occur, however, external forces are required to accelerate this process. Bearing in mind the potential forces that the receptor–ligand complex is likely to be subjected to in a biological environment, it might be hypothesised that there is some mechanical matching between the receptor and ligand. To test this hypothesis, various receptor and ligand pairs were unfolded in their entirety in order to determine their total unfolding force. In this way, the total force to unfold the protein could be determined, allowing a comparison between ligand and receptor pairs. The interest of this work is to examine the interaction between five proteins and a mica surface by AFM without any modification to preserve the natural elastic properties of the protein molecules during the force measurements. The results showed a mechanical matching between GP120 (ligand) and CD4 (receptor) when analysing the total force required to unfold the same number of domains or events shown by the force distance curves of these proteins.
The ionic liquid microphase enhances the catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles supported by a metal–organic framework
Authors: Peng Li , Zhang Jianling , Yang Shuliang , Han Buxing , Sang Xinxin , Liu Chengcheng , Yang Guanying
Published: July 2015

Here a Pd/ionic liquid/metal–organic framework catalyst is developed, which shows high activities in catalyzing the selective hydrogenation of alkynes under mild conditions.
A Sn atom-economical approach toward arylstannanes: Ni-catalysed stannylation of aryl halides using Bu3SnOMe
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Asakura Ryota , Takaki Ken
Published: July 2015

This article describes a Ni-catalysed stannylation of aryl halides using Bu3SnOMe without a liberation of wasteful and toxic stannyl residue.
Highly processible and electrochemically active graphene-doped polyacrylic acid/polyaniline allowing the preparation of defect-free thin films for solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yongguang , Wang Xiangyu , Tang Shaochun , Vongehr Sascha , Ali Syed Junaid , Meng Xiangkang
Published: July 2015

Graphene doped polyacrylic acid/polyaniline composites were prepared with excellent processibility for ensuring ultrathin, defect-free and highly flexible films as well as high electrochemical performance.
One-step preparation of nickel sulfide/nickel hydroxide films for electrocatalytic hydrogen generation from water
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Wu Ruixian , Jiang Pingping , Bian Gang , Kong Linggang , Dong Yuming
Published: July 2015

The Ni-S film prepared by a facile one-step photo-assisted electrodynamic deposition route without any post-treatment exhibits high activity.
Lipidomics analysis based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Liang Qun , Wang Cong , Li Binbing , Zhang Ai-hua
Published: July 2015

Plasma lipidomics showed that four metabolites, PE(19 : 0/0 : 0), PE(18 : 2(9Z,12Z)/0 : 0), PC(14 : 0/0 : 0) and PC(18 : 0/0 : 0), were defined as biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to distinguish the HCC and ICC.
A graphene-interlayered magnetic composite as a multifunctional SERS substrate
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Wang Chongwen , Rong Zhen , Cheng Xiang'ai , Xiao Rui
Published: July 2015

Fe3O4@Ag-rGO-Au composites for efficient SERS detection of different analytes.
A stereocontrolled synthesis of Hagen's gland lactones via iterative proline catalyzed α-aminoxylation and oxa-Michael addition reactions
Authors: Kauloorkar Shruti Vandana , Jha Vishwajeet , Jogdand Ganesh , Kumar Pradeep
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient synthesis of Hagen's gland lactones was achieved using a sequential α-aminoxylation/oxa-Michael approach in a highly diastereoselective manner with assignment of relative configurations.
Evaluation of recalcitrant features impacting enzymatic saccharification of diverse agricultural residues treated by steam explosion and dilute acid
Authors: Gaur Ruchi , Agrawal Ruchi , Kumar Rahul , Ramu E. , Bansal Veena Rani , Gupta Ravi P. , Kumar Ravindra , Tuli Deepak K. , Das Biswapriya
Published: July 2015

Exploring agricultural biomass for biofuel production necessitates pretreatment as a prerequisite step.
Correction: Chemical grafting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on metal phthalocyanines for the preparation of nanocomposites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss for energy storage application
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Xu Wenhan , Zhang Yunhe , Xu Dan , Wang Guibin , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: July 2015

Correction for ‘Chemical grafting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on metal phthalocyanines for the preparation of nanocomposites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss for energy storage application’ by Xuefeng Li et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 51542–51548.
Flow of concentrated viscoelastic polymer solutions in porous media: effect of MW and concentration on elastic turbulence onset in various geometries
Authors: Howe Andrew M. , Clarke Andrew , Giernalczyk Daniel
Published: July 2015

The onset of elastic turbulence for flow of entangled viscoelastic polymer solutions in porous media scales with the associated Rouse time.
Investigating the physical and electrochemical effects of cathodic polarization treatment on TaOx
Authors: Awaludin Zaenal , Safuan Mohd , Okajima Takeyoshi , Ohsaka Takeo
Published: July 2015

In the development of non-noble metal electrocatalysts, tantalum oxide (TaOx)-based materials possess promising potential due to their high corrosion resistance.
Improved stability of perovskite solar cells in ambient air by controlling the mesoporous layer
Authors: Yin Jun , Cao Jing , He Xu , Yuan Shangfu , Sun Shibo , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng , Lin Liwei
Published: July 2015

Through optimization of the thickness of the m-TiO2layer, rather stable perovskite solar cells which maintain over 85% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) even after storage for 100 days in air were accomplished.
Self-assembly of monodispersed hierarchically porous Beta-SBA-15 with different morphologies and its hydro-upgrading performances for FCC gasoline
Authors: Gao Daowei , Duan Aijun , Zhang Xin , Chi Kebin , Zhao Zhen , Li Jianmei , Qin Yuchen , Wang Xilong , Xu Chunming
Published: July 2015

Micro-mesoporous Beta-SBA-15 materials with platelet, sphere, short-rod and long-rod morphologies were in situ synthesized and used as the catalyst supports for hydro-upgrading of FCC gasoline.
Facile simulation of carbon with wide pore size distribution for electric double-layer capacitance based on Helmholtz models
Authors: Hsieh Wei , Horng Tzyy-Leng Allen , Huang Hsin-Chieh , Teng Hsisheng
Published: July 2015

Incorporation of surface-based capacitances (C/S) simulated by Helmholtz models with pore size distribution obtained from the non-local density functional theory precisely predicts the double-layer capacitance of distinct forms of carbon.
Application of singlet energy transfer in triplet state formation: broadband visible light-absorbing triplet photosensitizers, molecular structure design, related photophysics and applications
Authors: Cui Xiaoneng , Zhang Caishun , Xu Kejing , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: July 2015

The molecular structure design, photophysical properties and the application of the broadband visible light-absorbing triplet photosensitizers are summarized.
A novel nicotinonitrile derivative as an excellent multifunctional blue fluorophore for highly efficient hybrid white organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Zhan , Zheng Cai-Jun , Liu Xiao-Ke , Wang Kai , Li Fan , Dong Yu-Ping , Ou Xue-Mei , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: July 2015

A multifunctional compound that serves as both an efficient blue fluorescent emitter and a high performance host for various phosphors simultaneously.
MoSi2-type narrow band gap intermetallic compound Al6Re5Si4 as a thermoelectric material
Authors: Takagiwa Y. , Utada S. , Kanazawa I. , Kimura K.
Published: July 2015

The thermoelectric properties of MoSi2-type intermetallic compound Al6Re5Si4 (investigated compositions: Al6−xRe4.7Si4+x (x = 0–0.9)) related to TiSi2-type narrow band gap intermetallic compounds were systematically investigated.
A solvent-resistant azide-based hole injection/transporting conjugated polymer for fluorescent and phosphorescent light-emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Cheng-Wei , Chang Feng-Chih , Chu Yu-Lin , Lai Cheng-Chang , Lin Tzu-En , Zhu Chao-Yuan , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: July 2015

A simple methodology for overcoming interfacial mixing, based on the use of a photo-crosslinkable conjugated polymer as HITM for fluorescent and solution-processed phosphorescent OLEDs.
The Influence of Hearing Aid Use on Outcomes of Children With Mild Hearing Loss
Authors: Walker Elizabeth A. , Holte Lenore , McCreery Ryan W. , Spratford Meredith , Page Thomas , Moeller Mary Pat
Published: July 2015

Purpose

This study examined the effects of consistent hearing aid (HA) use on outcomes in children with mild hearing loss (HL).

Method

Five- or 7-year-old children with mild HL were separated into 3 groups on the basis of patterns of daily HA use. Using analyses of variance, we compared outcomes between groups on speech and language tests and a speech perception in noise task. Regression models were used to investigate the influence of cumulative auditory experience (audibility, early intervention, HA use) on outcomes.

Results

Full-time HA users demonstrated significantly higher scores on vocabulary and grammar measures compared with nonusers. There were no significant differences between the 3 groups on articulation or speech perception measures. After controlling for the variance in age at confirmation of HL, level of audibility, and enrollment in early intervention, only amount of daily HA use was a significant predictor of grammar and vocabulary.

Conclusions

The current results provide evidence that children's language development benefits from consistent HA use. Nonusers are at risk in areas such as vocabulary and grammar compared with other children with mild HL who wear HAs regularly. Service providers should work collaboratively to encourage consistent HA use.
Stable operating area of photovoltaic cells feeding DC–DC converter in output voltage regulation mode
Authors: Qin Ling , Xie Shaojun , Hu Mao , Yang Chen
Published: July 2015

From the perspective of output voltage control stability, this study investigates the stable operating area of photovoltaic (PV) cells feeding the DC–DC converter in output voltage regulation (OVR) mode. In this study, the boost interface converter is taken as an example, and its control system arrangements, small‐signal model including the dynamic equivalent circuit of PV cells and the closed‐loop transfer functions with different control loop formation are deduced at first. After that, according to the Hurwitz criterion, the essential condition for output voltage control stability is analysed and the relations between control loop formation of the interface converter in OVR mode and the stable operating area are obtained. The validity of the theoretical analysis has been verified by the experiment and simulation results of a 150 W prototype. The investigation shows that: (i) no matter what kind of control loop formation is adopted, the PV cells cannot output the maximum power when the PV interface converter operates in OVR mode; (ii) when the interface converter operates in OVR mode, PV cells can only operate stably in voltage area or current area. Moreover, the type of operating area entirely depends on the converter's output voltage control loop formation.
Netsourcing Strategies for Vendors: A Resource-based and Transaction Cost Economics Perspective
Authors: Tebboune Sofiane , Urquhart Cathy
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses Netsourcing strategies for vendors, a little explored area of outsourcing research, using both a resource-based (RBV) perspective and a transaction cost economics (TCE) perspective. Using both theories and an infrastructural view of Information Technology service, we present a conceptual model of vendor sourcing decisions. We then present a number of propositions based on case studies of vendor decisions. Finally we conclude by discussing the theoretical contribution of RBV and TCE and, crucially, the value of combining both theories for the study of Netsourcing, and for other areas of IS research.
Lagrangian based methods for coherent structure detection
Authors: Allshouse Michael R. , Peacock Thomas
Published: July 2015

There has been a proliferation in the development of Lagrangian analytical methods for detecting coherent structures in fluid flow transport, yielding a variety of qualitatively different approaches. We present a review of four approaches and demonstrate the utility of these methods via their application to the same sample analytic model, the canonical double-gyre flow, highlighting the pros and cons of each approach. Two of the methods, the geometric and probabilistic approaches, are well established and require velocity field data over the time interval of interest to identify particularly important material lines and surfaces, and influential regions, respectively. The other two approaches, implementing tools from cluster and braid theory, seek coherent structures based on limited trajectory data, attempting to partition the flow transport into distinct regions. All four of these approaches share the common trait that they are objective methods, meaning that their results do not depend on the frame of reference used. For each method, we also present a number of example applications ranging from blood flow and chemical reactions to ocean and atmospheric flows.
Note: Direct piezoelectric effect microscopy
Authors: Mori T. J. A. , Stamenov P. , Dorneles L. S.
Published: July 2015

An alternative method for investigating piezoelectric surfaces is suggested, exploiting the direct piezoeffect. The technique relies on acoustic (ultrasonic) excitation of the imaged surface and mapping of the resulting oscillatory electric potential. The main advantages arise from the spatial resolution of the conductive scanning probe microscopy in combination with the relatively large magnitude of the forward piezo signal Upf, which can be of the order of tens of mV even for non-ferroelectric piezoelectric materials. The potency of this experimental strategy is illustrated with measurements on well-crystallized quartz surfaces, where Upf ∼ 50 mV, for a piezoelectric coefficient of d33 = − 2.27  ×  10−12 m/V, and applied stress of about T3 ∼ 5.7 kPa.
Perspective: Spectroscopy and kinetics of small gaseous Criegee intermediates
Authors: Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: July 2015

The Criegee intermediates, carbonyl oxides proposed by Criegee in 1949 as key intermediates in the ozonolysis of alkenes, play important roles in many aspects of atmospheric chemistry. Because direct detection of these gaseous intermediates was unavailable until recently, previous understanding of their reactions, derived from indirect experimental evidence, had great uncertainties. Recent laboratory detection of the simplest Criegee intermediate CH2OO and some larger members, produced from ultraviolet irradiation of corresponding diiodoalkanes in O2, with various methods such as photoionization, ultraviolet absorption, infrared absorption, and microwave spectroscopy opens a new door to improved understanding of the roles of these Criegee intermediates. Their structures and spectral parameters have been characterized; their significant zwitterionic nature is hence confirmed. CH2OO, along with other products, has also been detected directly with microwave spectroscopy in gaseous ozonolysis reactions of ethene. The detailed kinetics of the source reaction, CH2I + O2, which is critical to laboratory studies of CH2OO, are now understood satisfactorily. The kinetic investigations using direct detection identified some important atmospheric reactions, including reactions with NO2, SO2, water dimer, carboxylic acids, and carbonyl compounds. Efforts toward the characterization of larger Criegee intermediates and the investigation of related reactions are in progress. Some reactions of CH3CHOO are found to depend on conformation. This perspective examines progress toward the direct spectral characterization of Criegee intermediates and investigations of the associated reaction kinetics, and indicates some unresolved problems and prospective challenges for this exciting field of research.
Efficient method of evaluation for Gaussian Hartree-Fock exchange operator for Gau-PBE functional
Authors: Song Jong-Won , Hirao Kimihiko
Published: July 2015

We previously developed an efficient screened hybrid functional called Gaussian-Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (Gau-PBE) [Song et al., J. Chem. Phys. 135, 071103 (2011)] for large molecules and extended systems, which is characterized by the usage of a Gaussian function as a modified Coulomb potential for the Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange. We found that the adoption of a Gaussian HF exchange operator considerably decreases the calculation time cost of periodic systems while improving the reproducibility of the bandgaps of semiconductors. We present a distance-based screening scheme here that is tailored for the Gaussian HF exchange integral that utilizes multipole expansion for the Gaussian two-electron integrals. We found a new multipole screening scheme helps to save the time cost for the HF exchange integration by efficiently decreasing the number of integrals of, specifically, the near field region without incurring substantial changes in total energy. In our assessment on the periodic systems of seven semiconductors, the Gau-PBE hybrid functional with a new screening scheme has 1.56 times the time cost of a pure functional while the previous Gau-PBE was 1.84 times and HSE06 was 3.34 times.
Design of a novel integrated position sensor based on Hall effects for linear oscillating actuator
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Yan Liang , Jiao Zongxia
Published: July 2015

Linear oscillating actuator provides linear reciprocate motion directly without other auxiliary components, which is suitable for high integration applications in aerospace industry. Accurate position control is essential for linear oscillating motor and relies on concise measurement of mover position. However, most position measurements are dependent on external complicated sensors, which hinders further integration of linear oscillating actuation system. In this paper, a novel position sensing system for linear oscillating actuator based on Hall effects is proposed to achieve accurate and high integration measurement simultaneously. Axial sensing magnetic field with approximately linear relationship with position is created for direct and convenient measurement. Analytical model of sensing magnetic field is set up for optimization and validated by finite element method and experimental results. Finally, sensing magnets are integrated into motor prototype for experiments. Dynamic position results are tested in experiments and prove to be effective and accurate for position sensing with short-stroke.
Vertically grown Ge nanowire Schottky diodes on Si and Ge substrates
Authors: Chandra Nishant , Tracy Clarence J. , Cho Jeong-Hyun , Picraux S. T. , Hathwar Raghuraj , Goodnick Stephen M.
Published: July 2015

The processing and performance of Schottky diodes formed from arrays of vertical Ge nanowires (NWs) grown on Ge and Si substrates are reported. The goal of this work is to investigate CMOS compatible processes for integrating NWs as components of vertically scaled integrated circuits, and elucidate transport in vertical Schottky NWs. Vertical phosphorus (P) doped Ge NWs were grown using vapor-liquid-solid epitaxy, and nickel (Ni)-Ge Schottky contacts were made to the tops of the NWs. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured for variable ranges of NW diameters and numbers of nanowires in the arrays, and the I-V characteristics were fit using modified thermionic emission theory to extract the barrier height and ideality factor. As grown NWs did not show rectifying behavior due to the presence of heavy P side-wall doping during growth, resulting in a tunnel contact. After sidewall etching using a dilute peroxide solution, rectifying behavior was obtained. Schottky barrier heights of 0.3–0.4 V and ideality factors close to 2 were extracted using thermionic emission theory, although the model does not give an accurate fit across the whole bias range. Attempts to account for enhanced side-wall conduction due to non-uniform P doping profile during growth through a simple shunt resistance improve the fit, but are still insufficient to provide a good fit. Full three-dimensional numerical modeling using Silvaco Atlas indicates that at least part of this effect is due to the presence of fixed charge and acceptor like traps on the NW surface, which leads to effectively high ideality factors.
A new ab initio potential energy surface for the collisional excitation of N2H+ by H2
Authors: Spielfiedel Annie , Senent Maria Luisa , Kalugina Yulia , Scribano Yohann , Balança Christian , Lique François , Feautrier Nicole
Published: July 2015

We compute a new potential energy surface (PES) for the study of the inelastic collisions between N2H+ and H2 molecules. A preliminary study of the reactivity of N2H+ with H2 shows that neglecting reactive channels in collisional excitation studies is certainly valid at low temperatures. The four dimensional (4D) N2H+–H2 PES is obtained from electronic structure calculations using the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitation level of theory. The atoms are described by the augmented correlation consistent triple zeta basis set. Both molecules were treated as rigid rotors. The potential energy surface exhibits a well depth of ≃2530 cm−1. Considering this very deep well, it appears that converged scattering calculations that take into account the rotational structure of both N2H+ and H2 should be very difficult to carry out. To overcome this difficulty, the “adiabatic-hindered-rotor” treatment, which allows para-H2(j = 0) to be treated as if it were spherical, was used in order to reduce the scattering calculations to a 2D problem. The validity of this approach is checked and we find that cross sections and rate coefficients computed from the adiabatic reduced surface are in very good agreement with the full 4D calculations.
Magnetic field extraction of trap-based electron beams using a high-permeability grid
Authors: Hurst N. C. , Danielson J. R. , Surko C. M.
Published: July 2015

A method to form high quality electrostatically guided lepton beams is explored. Test electron beams are extracted from tailored plasmas confined in a Penning-Malmberg trap. The particles are then extracted from the confining axial magnetic field by passing them through a high magnetic permeability grid with radial tines (a so-called “magnetic spider”). An Einzel lens is used to focus and analyze the beam properties. Numerical simulations are used to model non-adiabatic effects due to the spider, and the predictions are compared with the experimental results. Improvements in beam quality are discussed relative to the use of a hole in a high permeability shield (i.e., in lieu of the spider), and areas for further improvement are described.
Experimental and numerical study of electrically driven magnetohydrodynamic flow in a modified cylindrical annulus. I. Base flow
Authors: Stelzer Zacharias , Cébron David , Miralles Sophie , Vantieghem Stijn , Noir Jérôme , Scarfe Peter , Jackson Andrew
Published: July 2015

Shear layers in confined liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow play an important role in geo- and astrophysical bodies as well as in engineering applications. We present an experimental and numerical study of liquid metal MHD flow in a modified cylindrical annulus that is driven by an azimuthal Lorentz force resulting from a forced electric current under an imposed axial magnetic field. Hartmann and Reynolds numbers reach Mmax ≈ 2000 and Remax ≈ 1.3 × 104, respectively, in the steady regime. The peculiarity of our model geometry is the protruding inner disk electrode which gives rise to a free Shercliff layer at its edge. The flow of liquid GaInSn in the experimental device ZUCCHINI (ZUrich Cylindrical CHannel INstability Investigation) is probed with ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. We establish the base flow in ZUCCHINI and study the scaling of velocities and the free Shercliff layer in both experiment and finite element simulations. Experiment and numerics agree well on the mean azimuthal velocity uϕ(r) following the prediction of a large-M theoretical model. The large-M limit, which is equivalent to neglecting inertial effects, appears to be reached for M ≳ 30 in our study. In the numerics, we recover the theoretical scaling of the free Shercliff layer δS ∼ M−1/2 whereas δS appears to be largely independent of M in the experiment.
Flow of immiscible ferrofluids in a planar gap in a rotating magnetic field
Authors: Sule Bhumika , Torres-Díaz Isaac , Rinaldi Carlos
Published: July 2015

Analytical solutions are obtained for the steady, fully developed flow of two layers of immiscible ferrofluids of different thicknesses between two parallel plates. Interfacial linear and internal angular momentum balance relations are derived for the case when there is a ferrofluid-ferrofluid interface to obtain the translational and spin velocity profiles in the gap. As expected for the limit of low applied field amplitude, the magnitude of the translational velocity is directly proportional to the frequency of the applied magnetic field and to the square of the magnetic field amplitude. Expressions for the velocity profiles are obtained for the zero spin viscosity and non-zero spin viscosity cases and the effect of applied pressure gradient on the flows is studied. The spin velocity in both ferrofluid phases is in the direction of the rotating magnetic field, except for cases of extreme applied pressure gradients for which the fluid vorticity opposes the spin. We find that for the case of non-zero spin viscosity, flow reversals are predicted using representative ferrofluid property values and field conditions. The unique predictions of the solution with non-zero spin viscosity could be used to experimentally test the existence of couple stresses in ferrofluids and the validity of previously reported values of the so-called spin viscosity.
Mitigation of exploding-wire-generated blast-waves by aqueous foam
Authors: Liverts M. , Ram O. , Sadot O. , Apazidis N. , Ben-Dor G.
Published: July 2015

In this work, we implement an exploding wire technique to generate small-scale cylindrical blast waves in aqueous foam. The exploding wire system offers an easy to operate and effective tool for studying blast-wave/foam interaction related phenomena in real explosion scenarios. The mitigation of blast waves as a function of the thickness of the foam barrier is discussed and quantified. A fluid mixture pseudo-gas based numerical approach with the aid of the point explosion theory is used to separate the mitigation mechanisms into the near- and the far-field related groups and to analyze the contribution of each group to the overall losses of the blast wave energy.
Analysis system of submicron particle tracks in the fine-grained nuclear emulsion by a combination of hard x-ray and optical microscopy
Authors: Naka T. , Asada T. , Yoshimoto M. , Katsuragawa T. , Suzuki Y. , Terada Y. , Takeuchi A. , Uesugi K. , Tawara Y. , Umemoto A. , Kimura M.
Published: July 2015

Analyses of nuclear emulsion detectors that can detect and identify charged particles or radiation as tracks have typically utilized optical microscope systems because the targets have lengths from several μm to more than 1000 μm. For recent new nuclear emulsion detectors that can detect tracks of submicron length or less, the current readout systems are insufficient due to their poor resolution. In this study, we developed a new system and method using an optical microscope system for rough candidate selection and the hard X-ray microscope system at SPring-8 for high-precision analysis with a resolution of better than 70 nm resolution. Furthermore, we demonstrated the analysis of submicron-length tracks with a matching efficiency of more than 99% and position accuracy of better than 5 μm. This system is now running semi-automatically.
Redeposition in plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition: Silicon nitride film quality ruled by the gas residence time
Authors: Knoops Harm C. M. , de Peuter K. , Kessels W. M. M.
Published: July 2015

The requirements on the material properties and growth control of silicon nitride (SiNx) spacer films in transistors are becoming ever more stringent as scaling of transistor structures continues. One method to deposit high-quality films with excellent control is atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, depositing SiNx by ALD has turned out to be very challenging. In this work, it is shown that the plasma gas residence time τ is a key parameter for the deposition of SiNx by plasma-assisted ALD and that this parameter can be linked to a so-called “redeposition effect”. This previously ignored effect, which takes place during the plasma step, is the dissociation of reaction products in the plasma and the subsequent redeposition of reaction-product fragments on the surface. For SiNx ALD using SiH2(NHtBu)2 as precursor and N2 plasma as reactant, the gas residence time τ was found to determine both SiNx film quality and the resulting growth per cycle. It is shown that redeposition can be minimized by using a short residence time resulting in high-quality films with a high wet-etch resistance (i.e., a wet-etch rate of 0.5 nm/min in buffered HF solution). Due to the fundamental nature of the redeposition effect, it is expected to play a role in many more plasma-assisted ALD processes.
A rough-and-ready cluster-based approach for extracting finite-time coherent sets from sparse and incomplete trajectory data
Authors: Froyland Gary , Padberg-Gehle Kathrin
Published: July 2015

We present a numerical method to identify regions of phase space that are approximately retained in a mobile compact neighbourhood over a finite time duration. Our approach is based on spatio-temporal clustering of trajectory data. The main advantages of the approach are the ability to produce useful results (i) when there are relatively few trajectories and (ii) when there are gaps in observation of the trajectories as can occur with real data. The method is easy to implement, works in any dimension, and is fast to run.
Study of the shock waves characteristics generated by underwater electrical wire explosion
Authors: Li Xingwen , Chao Youchuang , Wu Jian , Han Ruoyu , Zhou Haibin , Qiu Aici
Published: July 2015

A model is proposed to simulate the generation and propagation of the shock wave (SW) produced by underwater electrical wire explosion in microsecond timescale, with the assumption that the exploding wire instantly turns into uniform discharge plasma channel (DPC) after the onset of explosion. To describe the interaction between the DPC and the surrounding water medium, the initial temperature of DPC is obtained by fitting calculated pressures with experimental data, and the injected energy of DPC is provided by the measured discharge current after wire explosion. To attenuate the high frequency oscillations generated by the discretization, the method with the double artificial viscosity parameters is proposed to calculate the SW propagation characteristics, and the input parameter is the above-calculated DPC boundary trajectory. Based on the proposed model, the DPC and SW properties of an underwater copper wire explosion are analyzed. The results show that the estimated initial temperature of DPC is about 15 000 K, the attenuation of peak pressure can be characterized by a law of the radial propagation distance r to the power of −0.74, and the efficiency transferred from stored electrical energy to the exploding wire and the generated water flow are ∼71.5% and ∼10%, respectively.
Laser cooling of MgCl and MgBr in theoretical approach
Authors: Wan Mingjie , Shao Juxiang , Gao Yufeng , Huang Duohui , Yang Junsheng , Cao Qilong , Jin Chengguo , Wang Fanhou
Published: July 2015

Ab initio calculations for three low-lying electronic states (X2Σ+, A2Π, and 22Π) of MgCl and MgBr molecules, including spin-orbit coupling, are performed using multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson correction method. The calculations involve all-electronic basis sets and Douglas–Kroll scalar relativistic correction. Spectroscopic parameters well agree with available theoretical and experimental data. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factors f00 for A2Π3/2,1/2 (υ′ = 0) → X2Σ+1/2 (υ″ = 0) are determined for both MgCl and MgBr molecules. Suitable radiative lifetimes τ of A2Π3/2,1/2 (υ′ = 0) states for rapid laser cooling are also obtained. The proposed laser drives A2Π3/2 (υ′ = 0) → X2Σ+1/2 (υ″ = 0) transition by using three wavelengths (main pump laser λ00; two repumping lasers λ10 and λ21). These results indicate the probability of laser cooling MgCl and MgBr molecules.
Note: Electrochemical etching of cylindrical nanoprobes using a vibrating electrolyte
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Zeng Yongbin , Qu Ningsong , Zhu Di
Published: July 2015

An electrochemical etching process using a vibrating electrolyte of potassium hydroxide to prepare tungsten cylindrical nanotips is developed. The vibrating electrolyte eases the effects of a diffusion layer and extends the etching area, which aid in the production of cylindrical nanotips. Larger amplitudes and a vibration frequency of 35 Hz are recommended for producing cylindrical nanotips. Nanotips with a tip radius of approximately 43 nm and a conical angle of arctan 0.0216 are obtained.