bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Functional Approach to Ontology
Authors: Gan Nathaniel
Published: March 2021

There are two ways of approaching an ontological debate: ontological realism recommends that metaphysicians seek to discover deep ontological facts of the matter, while ontological anti-realism denies that there are such facts; both views sometimes run into difficulties. This paper suggests an approach to ontology that begins with conceptual analysis and takes the results of that analysis as a guide for which metaontological view to hold. It is argued that in some cases, the functions for which we employ a part of our conceptual scheme might give us reasons to posit ontological facts regarding certain objects. The proposed approach recommends ontological realism about an object just in case our conceptual scheme gives us reason to. This yields a mixed overall metaontological view that adopts ontological realism to some issues and ontological anti-realism to others, and that avoids the difficulties that typically arise for the two views.
Crystal structure of bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbut-1-en-2-yl)(trimethylsilyl)amido-k1
N)zinc(II), Zn(C15H24NSi)2
Authors: Wang Jun-Hong , Tong Hong-Bo , Wang Meng-Liang , Yuan Hai-Yan
Published: March 2021

Zn(C15H24NSi)2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.828(3) Å, b = 9.458(3) Å, c = 10.786(3) Å, α = 74.609(4)°, β = 73.915(4)°, γ = 64.888(4)°, V = 772.1(4) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0476, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1225, T = 293 K.
The Trade Disruption Hypothesis Fails for State-Sponsored Genocides and Mass Atrocities: Why It Matters
Authors: Anderton Charles H. , Anderton Roxane A.
Published: March 2021

Our research question is: Do state-sponsored genocides and mass atrocities disrupt trade? In the “conflict disrupts trade” literature there is substantial research on how interstate and intrastate conflict and terrorism affect trade, but very little research on the possible trade disruption effects of genocides and mass atrocities. Our work helps fill this research gap. We bring a suite of estimation methodologies and robustness checks to the question for a pooled sample of 175 countries for the time period 1970–2017. We also test for trade disruption individually for 26 countries that experienced genocide or mass atrocity. Unlike much of the “conflict disrupts trade” literature, we find little empirical support that genocide disrupts trade and at best weak evidence that mass atrocity disrupts trade. Our results have important implications for atrocity prevention policy; when potential atrocity architects evaluate the expected benefits and costs of carrying out atrocity, it seems that, in most cases, they need not worry about trade disruption costs. Our results also matter for empirical research on risk factors for genocides and mass atrocities, particularly for studies that hypothesize risk reduction properties associated with trade.
Development of program-driven plug-in for conical counter-rotating twin screw based on SolidWorks
Authors: Dong Liqun , Zhang Junwei , Qin Liang , Xue Ping , Ma Yun , Zhang Yajun
Published: March 2021

Owing to the existence of the cone angle, the size of a conical counter-rotating twin screw continuously changes along the axis, so it is not easy to model using SolidWorks. In this study, the parametric design of the modeling process is completed based on the Visual Basic language and a program-driven method. Finally, the SolidWorks program plug-in and user interface are developed to complete the automatic generation of the three-dimensional model of a conical counter-rotating twin screw.
Token reflexivity and logic
Authors: Georgi Geoff
Published: March 2021

Token-reflexive theories of indexicals – words like ‘I,’ ‘here,’ and ‘today’ – are widely thought to face a problem in account for intuitively valid arguments involving indexicals. Yet all discussions of the problem with which I am familiar focus on particular examples or on particular rules of inference. In this paper, I first state the problem in its full generality, and then argue that two recent attempts to reject the problem fail. Finally, I consider the proposal by García-Carpintero that demonstratives – ‘this’ and ‘that’ – raise the same problem. I argue that while there are important similarities between the logic problem for token-reflexives and the role of demonstratives in logic, recent work on the logic of demonstratives can offer insights into logic that token-reflexive theories cannot.
Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl Bis-Guanidinium Acetates Surfactants
Authors: Song Yongbo , Zheng Hongyan , Niu Yulan , Yao Ying , Meng Rongqian
Published: March 2021

Novel surfactants with double hydrophilic groups (cocopropane and tallowpropane bis-guanidinium acetates), were synthesized and tested to evaluate both the basic surfactant properties and the unique application performance. Surface tension, conductivity and contact angle measurements were used to study the self-aggregation behavior in aqueous solution. Aggregation parameters were calculated such as adsorption efficiency and effectiveness (pC20 and CAC/C20), the maximum surface excess concentration (Гmax) and minimum surface area permolecule (Amin). The thermodynamic parameters of aggregation based conductivity measurements revealed that the aggregation process was spontaneous and entropy-driven. Compared to DTAC and CTAC, the alkyl bis-guanidinium acetates showed a higher emulsification capacity with both liquid kerosene and soybean oil. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that the alkyl bisguanidinium acetates exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the tested strains at a concentration of 50 ppm.
Biodegradability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Film Used for Liquid Detergent Capsules
Authors: Byrne Dominic , Boeije Geert , Croft Ian , Hüttmann Gerd , Luijkx Gerard , Meier Frank , Parulekar Yash , Stijntjes Gerard
Published: March 2021

Questions and potential misperceptions have arisen about the potential contribution of liquid detergent capsules to the environmental microplastics issue. The film of these detergents is highly water soluble, also in cold water, as it must fully dissolve during every type of washing process. Water-soluble grades of polyvinyl alcohol, the most commonly used detergent capsule film material, are recognised to be biodegradable. In the current paper, adequate biodegradability is confirmed by means of ready biodegradation screening tests, across a range of polyvinyl alcohol detergent grade films. The high water solubility in itself implies that detergent capsule films are not within the microplastic scope. Furthermore, their biodegradability ensures there is no concern for persistence or accumulation in the environment.
Eloquent Artifice and Natural Simplicity: Moral Aesthetics of Painting and Eating in Chardin’s Late Food Still Lifes
Authors: Lee Hyejin
Published: March 2021

Jean-Siméon Chardin’s food still lifes from the 1750s and 1760s diverge from his earlier kitchen displays by exhibiting mainly ready-to-eat fruit, baked goods, and beverages, without any suggestion of additional cooking. The emergence of this subgenre in the artist’s oeuvre corresponded to the rise of a new ethos of eating in mid-1700s France, which championed simply prepared food as the alimentary corrective to the corrupting influence of over-refined modern cookery. This moral discourse on Chardin’s subject matter ran parallel to the critical acclaim for the distinct visuality of his art as an antidote to the excess of rococo style. In light of the mid-century discourse on art and food, Chardin’s late still lifes embodied the reformist aesthetic advocated by the French intellectual elite.
Matisse in Vence: Die Kapelle als Atelier
Authors: Zeidler Sebastian
Published: March 2021

This essay aims at a re-evaluation of Henri Matisse’s Chapel at Vence. It accounts for all major elements of the chapel’s decoration, including the celebrated windows and tile drawings, but also probes a little-known liturgical object: the ciborium, the container of the hosts, which Matisse designed as a goldfish bowl. Whenever the ciborium is placed on the altar during Mass, it transforms the chapel space into a three-dimensional version of Matisse’s paintings of artist’s studios. The result is a space that transcends the familiar divide between secularism and reenchantment. By placing his own surrogate at the chapel’s center as the beholder of its decoration, Matisse gave form to a modern subject position for which boundless self-empowerment is indistinguishable from solipsism.
One-dimensional spherical shock waves in an interstellar dusty gas clouds
Authors: Chauhan Astha , Sharma Kajal
Published: March 2021

A system of partial differential equations describing the one-dimensional motion of an inviscid self-gravitating and spherical symmetric dusty gas cloud, is considered. Using the method of the kinematics of one-dimensional motion of shock waves, the evolution equation for the spherical shock wave of arbitrary strength in interstellar dusty gas clouds is derived. By applying first order truncation approximation procedure, an efficient system of ordinary differential equations describing shock propagation, which can be regarded as a good approximation of infinite hierarchy of the system. The truncated equations, which describe the shock strength and the induced discontinuity, are used to analyze the behavior of the shock wave of arbitrary strength in a medium of dusty gas. The results are obtained for the exponents from the successive approximation and compared with the results obtained by Guderley’s exact similarity solution and characteristic rule (CCW approximation). The effects of the parameters of the dusty gas and cooling-heating function on the shock strength are depicted graphically.
Queuing Strategy in Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)
Authors: Radha S. , Maragathasundari S. , Manikandan P.
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates an examination on a lining system in Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART). DART is an element of an improved tsunami warning system. By changing the order in solar high temperature and thickness and diffusing the information through an outward float to a station on the ground by satellite, DART empowers moment and precise tidal wave gauges. Here we study a Queuing issue that occurs during the hour of DART. The Queuing issue is changed into a scientific Queuing model, and it is settled by methods for a supplementary variable procedure of a lining process. We infer the likelihood of creating a function of the queue size and the exhibition proportions of the framework viz. mean length of the queue size and normal waiting time of the line. Likewise, we figure the inactive time and usage factor of the base weight recorder (Server). The model is very much clarified by the methods for diagrammatic portrayal. The model is all-around clarified in detail by the methods for its application. In addition, it is all-around legitimized by the methods for numerical representation and graphical methodology.
A escrita de diários de campo por alunos de letras. Da aula observada à produção do dado relevante
Authors: Riolfi Claudia , Barzotto Valdir Heitor
Published: March 2021

We departed our research from an inventory of the difficulties faced by people who are concluding their language courses while they are writing their internship reports. We look for parameters in the internship reports in which the authors describe a classroom, making that work as research data. We tried to answer the following question: What challenges must the students face to be able to testify the construction of a professional reasoning while: a) Facing the Portuguese class as a language event? b) Reading their own text? Therefore, we analysed 1600 internship reports produced between 2003 and 2013. While analysing the data, we have investigated three themes: 1) how the trainees see their task of writing diaries; 2) how the trainees register the conversations of a third party; and 3) how the trainees construct temporal references. The undergraduate course in a Faculty of Letters should lead the student to construct the capacity of writing well. The students should develop this skill without losing their condition of speakers. Therefore, as speakers, they should be able to ask themselves if, as native speaker of their own language, they would accept their text as a good one.
La “responsividad” en la escritura sobre las prácticas de enseñanza
Authors: Greco Ohuschi Márcia Cristina
Published: March 2021

This paper, which is linked to the research project La escritura sobre las prácticas de enseñanza en licenciaturas de Brasil, de Costa Rica y de Honduras: registro, análisis y producción de conocimiento (UFPA/CNPq), aims to diagnose responsivity manifested in writing regarding pre-service teachers during their practicum. This research is situated within the Applied Linguistics field and is grounded on the socio-historical perspective of language, according to the theoretical assumptions of Bakhtin/Volochinov (1992) and Bakhtin (2003). With regard to Bakhtin’s notion of responsivity, we follow the studies of Menegassi (2008; 2009) and Ohuschi (2013). As research is still in progress, we present a representative sample of responsivity manifested in practicum reports of a writing class - Portuguese Language - at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus of Castanhal. The results show that trainees demonstrate, in writing about the teaching practicum, active responsivity with explanatory and illustrative expansion in levels of explanation, commentary, and criticism.
Entre o ver e o refletir: supressão da criança em relatórios de estágio de alfabetização
Authors: Cipullo Tathiane Graziela
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to discuss teacher training in order to work with children based on the analysis of internship reports. We assume, as a premise, that writing about professional practices is more than a simple means of documentation or proof of activities; rather, it is a moment of reflection and analyses of the practice which can result in the production of knowledge. We analyzed ten internship reports in order to verify how undergraduates establish a relation between theory and practice. Considering the results, we can note that the main purpose of pedagogic thought is suppressed in the reports; in other words, the child appears little, and, when it is described, it is mainly as a faulty being, one who has not learned, has not developed, does not do or does not meet adult expectations. These data lead us to question what is happening in the current pedagogical training courses and the reasons why studies do not reflect on their practices.
Workload in a group of Latin American teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medina-Guillen Leonardo Flavio , Quintanilla-Ferrufino Gustavo Jared , Palma-Vallejo Margarita , Medina Guillen Mónica Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The viral disease Covid-19 -currently a pandemic- forced to accommodate measures of social distancing with the intention of limiting its expansion, including: teleworking and online (virtual) teaching.  Would the sudden shift from face-to-face classroom to virtual education result in teacher work overload?  If so, what are the influencing factors? Objective. Analyze the workload of teachers in Latin America, at three different educational levels, during the COVID-19 pandemic in June and July 2020. Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A 37-question questionnaire was used, with a Hernández-Nieto content validity coefficient of 0.99 and a temporal stability coefficient 0.91. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019, measures of central tendency and frequency analysis were used.  Results. 887 teachers were surveyed for whom sociodemographic characteristics are detailed and their personal, technical, institutional and space load factors assessed.  Student dropout percentage was also ascertained.  Conclusion. The surveyed teachers perceived an increase in workload due to the factors studied, intertwined with an increase in student desertion.  The abrupt change in the modality from face-to-face to virtual education has generated a reorganization of work and family life, teleworking from home requires a clear delimitation by teachers of the work schedules and functions involved in the various aspects of online education.
Objective Evidence of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease is Rare in Patients with Autoimmune Gastritis
Authors: Pilotto Valentina , Maddalo Gemma , Orlando Costanza , Fassan Matteo , Rugge Massimo , Farinati Fabio , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) often complain of acid reflux symptoms, despite the evidence of hypo-achlorhydria. Rome IV criteria are used to define functional esophageal disorders. Our aim was to characterize gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) phenotypes in patients with AAG.

Methods: Between 2017-2018, 172 AAG patients were evaluated at Gastro-Oncology outpatient clinic of University of Padua. Of them, 38 patients with reflux symptoms underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH). Seventy-six AAG consecutive patients asymptomatic for gastroesophageal reflux were selected as age and gender matched controls. Serum biomarkers (pepsinogens, gastrin-17 and Helicobacter pylori antibodies), upper endoscopy, histology and clinical data were compared.

Results: Out of 38/172 (22%) AAG patients with reflux symptoms, 2/38 had a GERD diagnosis based on abnormal esophageal acid exposure and 6/38 had a major motility disorder (i.e. outflow obstruction). Among the 30/38 patients with normal endoscopic findings, 9/30 had reflux hypersensitivity, 19 functional heartburn, 1 functional globus, 1 functional chest pain according to the Rome IV criteria. Antral atrophy, advanced corpus atrophy and OLGA stage were more frequent in controls than in reflux patients (p=0.01, p=0.031, p=0.01, respectively). No differences were found for serum biomarkers and symptom presentation. Most of the patients received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment (87%), with a minority (34%) reporting clinical benefit.

Conclusions: Reflux symptoms are relatively common in AAG patients, but a firm diagnosis of GERD is rare (5%), whereas most of the patients have a functional disorder. PPI treatment is mostly clinical ineffective and should not be largely indicated.
Histological Remission in Ulcerative Colitis in Deep Remission under Treatment with Adalimumab
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Nenna Rosanna , Musci Giovanni , Elisei Walter , Picchio Marcello
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Histological remission (HR) has been recently demonstrated as the last therapeutic goal in ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is unknown whether and how it may occur. Our aim was to assess the histology during the follow-up of an UC population in deep remission under treatment with adalimumab (ADA).

Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 22 UC patients who were in deep remission and followed-up while receiving therapy with ADA. Colonoscopy in those patients was performed every year. Four-quadrant biopsies every 10 cm were obtained during each colonoscopy and assessed by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Histological activity was classified using the Geboes scale.

Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean follow-up of those patients was 28±7 months, and 2,592 biopsy specimens in total were taken during 108 colonoscopies performed during the follow-up. At the beginning of the follow-up, histological inflammation was found in 15/22 (68.2%) of patients in deep remissio while receiving maintenance ADA therapy, 8/22 (36.4%) of them with Geboes score ≥3.1. At the end of the follow-up, when patients were still in deep remission while receiving maintenance ADA therapy, only 4 patients (18.2%) had at least one biopsy specimen with evidence of any histological inflammation during the follow-up; only two patients (9.1%) had Geboes score ≥3.1.

Conclusions: Our study shows for the first time that UC patients in deep remission under ADA may reach HR, but it seems slower than other clinical or endoscopic goals.
Environmental and Dietary Risk Factors for Colonic Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Authors: Lukosiene Jaune Ieva , Reichert Matthias Christian , Lammert Frank , Schramm Christoph , Goeser Tobias , Kiudelis Gediminas , Jonaitis Laimas Virginijus , Tamelis Algimantas , Kupcinskas Juozas
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: Colonic diverticulosis (CD) is among the most common conditions of the large bowel. Several factors have been associated with an increased risk of CD and its complications, including advanced age, obesity, physical inactivity, and a low-fiber diet. Available data is conflicting and a comprehensive analysis of different bowel, dietary and environmental habits linked with CD is lacking. We aimed to investigate the relationship between potential risk factors and CD prevalence using full data from a colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study in Europe.

Methods: The study was conducted at three tertiary referral centers in Germany and Lithuania. It included consecutive adult patients referred for routine colonoscopy who completed a detailed questionnaire on our considered multiple risk factors for diverticulosis and diverticulitis, including dietary and environmental factors, and bowel habits.

Results: The study included 1,333 patients, 696 women and 635 men. Colonic diverticulosis was diagnosed in 858 (64%) of patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.06–1.10, p<0.001) and obesity (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02–1.09, p=0.004) were associated with CD. We also revealed new risk factors for CD: increased frequency of bowel movements (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.33, p<0.001) and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.47–2.87, p<0.001). Older participants had reduced odds (OR: 0.921, 95 CI: 0.89–0.95, p<0.05) of diverticulitis compared to younger subjects. Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after defecation was associated with increased odds (OR: 2.769, 95% CI 1.35–5.7, p<0.006) for diverticulitis. Moreover, participants with a higher educational status had increased odds (OR: 2.453, 95%CI: 1.31–4.59, p=0.005) for diverticulitis compared to the lower education group.

Conclusions: Study shows that older age, obesity, frequency of bowel movements, and feeling of incomplete bowel emptying are associated with the risk of CD. Furthermore, older age, feeling of incomplete bowel emptying, and higher education were associated with the risk of diverticulitis among CD patients.
Effectiveness of 8- and 12-Week Treatment with Ombitasvir/ Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir in Treatment-Naïve HCV Patients in a Real-Life Setting in Romania: the AMETHYST Study
Authors: Trifan Anca , Stanciu Carol , Iliescu Laura , Sporea Ioan , Baroiu Liliana , Diculescu Mircea , Luca Mihaela-Catalina , Miftode Egidia , Cijevschi Cristina , Mihai Catalina , Sparchez Zeno-Adrian , Pojoga Cristina , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Gheorghe Liliana
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims: The 12-week regimen of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (OPrD) has shown high efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The shorter 8-week regimen has been recently incorporated into clinical guidelines and on-label indications, but real-world evidence on its use is limited. Given this knowledge gap, the AMETHYST study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 8- and 12-week regimens of OPrD in treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild to moderate liver fibrosis in Romanian clinical practice.

Methods: This was a secondary data collection study analyzing data from a 1-year Patient Support Program in HCV in Romania. Patients received OPrD treatment for 8 or 12 weeks. The effectiveness endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12).

Results: A total of 1,835 treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild or moderate fibrosis were included in the study. Of these, 426 and 1,375 completed the 8-week and 12-week regimens, respectively. SVR12 was 98.1% in the 8-week treatment group and 98.7% in the 12-week treatment group.

Conclusion: The study provides real-world evidence that 8-week and 12-week treatment regimens of OPrD are highly effective in treatment-naive patients with HCV with mild to moderate liver fibrosis.
Gastric Melanoma of Unknown Primary
Authors: Cortellini Fabio , Marasco Giovanni , Renzulli Matteo , Vasuri Francesco , Ricciardiello Luigi
Published: March 2021

We describe a case of a patient with anemia referring to our Digestive Endoscopy Unit. Upper GI endoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion with an ulcerated central depression. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen taken during endoscopy revealed a gastric metastatic melanoma. The dermatologic inspection failed in finding the primary melanoma. The importance of endoscopic examination in the diagnostic process of metastatic patients with unknown primaries is highlited by this case.
Volume techniques for estimating standing and lying dead wood in Okomu national park, Edo state, Nigeria
Authors: E.V Aghimien , B Osikabor , M.S Adedeji , O.T Adams
Published: March 2021

Dimensions are essential characteristics to estimate standing and lying dead wood volumes. Therefore, the study is aimed at estimating standing and lying dead wood volumes with a view to identify the variation that exist amongst volume equations in Okomu National Park. Hossfeld’s equation and other volume equations should be considered suitable for estimating volume of standing and lying deadwood, depending on the available variable.
Evaluation of responses embryogenic Cycas revoluta thumb., from callus culture obtained in vitro
Authors: de la O JL Rodriguez , J Flores VA  Lazarus , Monterrubio MS Robledo , Cruz F Contreras
Published: March 2021

Processes cell differentiation and dedifferentiation are included in the development of biotechnology protocols to promote somatic embryogenesis as an alternative to the in vitro propagation of plants, somatic embryos may be an excellent strategy for both propagation and conservation of fossil species such as cycads. They were evaluated in vitro with different strategies, morphogenic responses associated with obtaining somatic embryos of C. revolute. calli of megagametophytes, subsequently subcultured in four combinations of basic salts of Murashige and Skoog (1962) MS, with the addition of benzyladenine (BA), and 2, dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) were used, and kinetin (K), and picloram. In the results, It was possible to characterize potentially embryogenic callus, evaluating the levels of both cellular differentiation, necrosis, texture and color; and increases mass or weight considered to start differentiation or proembryogenic or globular type. Calli were subcultured in a medium containing MS salts, incorporating abscisic acid (ABA) in 0, 0.38, 1.13, 3.78 and 5.67 uM doses influenced both the production and maturation of somatic embryos. Embryonic structures, presented a pink coloration characteristic strongly associated towards maturity. The effect of combinations of BA, Kin, 2,4-D, GA3 and ANA influenced the development and germination of mature somatic embryos. And the combination of 1.36 mM 2,4-D+4.44 uM BA promoted the appearance of calluses with a compact texture, characteristic related to their embryogenic potential. The purpose of this research in Cycas sp was to contribute to the study of the in vitro morphogenic responses of this group of plants. And somatic embryogenesis, will allow the obtaining and multiplication as well as its preservation of Cycas sp. Gender that is evolutionary very important
Can biosensors and sensors operating in a complex matrix of local and international standards solve environmental quality problems of catchments?
Authors: Tafangenyasha Clifford
Published: March 2021

This research aims at throwing light on applications of biological rapid assessment tools in the monitoring of environmental quality in Runde River catchment with intensive commercial sugarcane production. Burdened with drudgery in wet laboratory techniques, biological sensors (biosensors) and sensors can integrate catchment data from rapid assessment techniques to networks or Internet of Things (IoT). This research examines the techniques presented by biosensors and sensors and provides the checkboxes for sustained catchment monitoring. With available recent evidence from surveys it turns out the Runde River may not be polluted but this may reflect the time the survey was undertaken and suggestions made for routine checks
Massive sequencing of artisan cheeses from raw sheep’s milk
Authors: Julia Ruiz , Analia Etcheverria , Nora Padola , Alejandra Kruger , Luis Medina
Published: March 2021

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in the food industry to confer aromatic characteristics and their antibacterial capacity. In this study the native flora of LAB that participates in the traditional fermentation of semi-hard cheeses made with raw sheep's milk from the region of Andalusia, Spain was analyzed. Three samples of four different commercial cheeses were taken. Massive sequencing was carried out to identify the lactic and accompanying flora. Predominant lactic flora was Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus raffinolactis, and to a lesser extent other species of the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Leuconestoc. The accompanying flora was composed of species of the genera Mycoplasma, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Mannheimia, Trueperella, Enterococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Massilia, Flavobacterium, Yersinia, Gallaecimonas, Hafnia, Leclercia, Obesumbacterium, Morganella and Kluyvera. These results show that modern molecular techniques are very good tools to identify natural LABs of artisanal dairy products. The characterization of the native flora of the artisanal cheese allows us to evaluate the microbiological diversity of the natural population of LAB and the symbiosis with another type of flora.
Study of genetic diversity in rapeseed and mustard germplasm by using cluster analysis
Authors: Raza Irum , Masood M Asif , Abid Saleem , Rani Saima , Zahra Naheed , Abbas Haider
Published: March 2021

The present study focuses on examining the genetic diversity in 104 accessions of rapeseed and mustard germplasm gathered from different regions of Pakistan. Correlation studies revealed positive correlation of yield component with morphological characters at 5% and 1% level of significance Cluster analysis divided the accessions into five major clusters I, II, III, IV and V. These diverse the germplasm are appropriate for planning of hybridization of programs.
The effectiveness of pain management methods used at kakamega county teaching & refferal hospital, Kenya
Authors: Lusweti Consolata , Asik Anne
Published: March 2021

Effective managing acute postoperative pain is a major challenge for practitioners, given that more than 80% of patients report pain after surgery, and 75% report the pain as moderate, severe, or even extreme .The American pain Society states that ‘In more than half of cases, patients report not receiving adequate pain management following their procedure’, which has raised concerns over the development of chronic pain. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of pain management methods used at Kakamega County Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya (KCTRH). The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out KCTRH. The participants in the study included all adult male and female patients who had undergone major surgical procedure within 24 hours post-operative.at KCTRH. The target population, (N) is 250. Purposive sampling method was used, meaning that only patients available during the data collection period and meets the inclusion criteria were included in the sample. Majority of the patients interviewed were aged between 31-40 years and most of the respondents were females accounting to 67(61%) of the respondents. All the respondents interviewed were Christians and worked in the informal sector. Most of the respondents 80(73%) reported that painkillers were given through intra-venous. 64(59%) of the respondents were given general anesthesia whereas 45(41%) were given regional block type of anesthesia.
Unilateral hypoglossal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve weakness following endotracheal intubation
Authors: Ali Kheir Walaa
Published: March 2021

Endotracheal intubation with cuffed tube is a safe procedure associated with few complications in majority of patients. Immediate complications are primarily associated with problems dring intubation and extubation while early and late complications represent the short- and long-term effets of epithelial trauma. True vocal cord paralysis may follow endotracheal intubation and be the result of peripheral nerve damage. This damage can occur as the result of compressing the nerve between an inflated endotracheal tube cuff and the overlying thyroid cartilage.1 The hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial nerve) is motor nerve. It supplys the tongue muscle and help in speech, Food manipulation, and swallowing. Hypoglossal nerve injury following endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia is a rare complication and can cause symptoms, such as dysarthria and dysphagia.2
Giant aneurysmal dermatofibroma: a case of the rare variant of dermatofibroma
Authors: Kondo Rogério Nabor
Published: March 2021

Dermatofibroma is a benign skin tumor that may have a rare aneurysmal histological variant, aneurysmal dermatofibroma (AD). The diagnosis is by histological evaluation, which shows vascular spaces that dissect the tumor stroma, forming in some cases true venous lakes. However, AD is usually less than 20mm in diameter. We describe the case of a female patient whit a 45mm tumor in her right leg.
Dermatoses of pregnancy. A prospective study from Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Elfaituri Safa Suleman
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cutaneous findings in pregnancy can be physiologic, coincidental, alterations in pre-existing skin diseases or pregnancy specific. The Pregnancy dermatoses can impact the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus Objectives: Our objective was to determine the spectrum of skin disease associated with pregnancy and to identify the various types of pregnancy specific dermatoses and their fetal risk. Materials & methods: A prospective study was performed at dermatology out-patient department of Jumhoria hospital and Ibn Sina polyclinic, Benghazi-Libya over a period of 2 years. A total of 200 pregnant women presented with dermatological complaint were included. History, skin examination, and relevant investigations were performed. The patients with pregnancy specific dermatoses were followed up till delivery and the pregnancy outcome was recorded. The results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Mean age was 32 years, 62% was multigravidae and 54% of pregnancy dermatoses occurred during third trimester. The highest number of cases presented with coincidental or preexisting diseases (71%); infections (34%), pre-existing skin diseases included eczema (13%), acne vulgaris (4%) and psoriasis (3%) Hyperpigmentation and strieagravidarum represented the main physiological changes (17%). Specific pregnancy dermatoses were present in 12%, these were intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (4%), atopic eruption of pregnancy (3%), pemphigoid gestationis (3%) and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (2%). Fetal complications including fetal mortality were reported with pemphigoid gestationis (30%) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (25%). Conclusions: This study provides important data on the spectrum of pregnancy dermatoses in Libyan patients. Most of the reported pregnancy dermatoses were benign with no adverse effect on the fetus. Pemphigoid gestationis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy can be a source of significant fetal risk. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study carried out on pregnancy dermatoses in Benghazi, Libya.
Exponentially convergent method for an abstract integro - differential equation with fractional Hardy - Titchmarsh integral
Authors: Makarov V.L. , Gawriljuk I.P. , Vasylyk V.B.
Published: March 2021

A homogeneous fractional-differential equation with a fractional Hardy—Titchmarsh integral and an unbounded operator coefficient in a Banach space is considered. The conditions for the representation of the solution in the form of a Danford—Cauchy integral are established, and an exponentially convergent approximation method is developed.
On the influence of finite initial deformations on the surface instability of the incompressible elastic layer interacting with the half-space of an ideal fluid
Authors: Bagno O.M.
Published: March 2021

The problem of the propagation of quasi-Lamb waves in a pre-deformed incompressible elastic layer that interacts with the half-space of an ideal compressible fluid is considered. The study is conducted on the basis of the three-dimensional linearized equations of elasticity theory of finite deformations for the incompressible elastic layer and on the basis of the three-dimensional linearized Euler equations for the half-space of an ideal compressible fluid. The problem is formulated, and the approach based on the utilization of representations of the general solutions of the linearized equations for an elastic solid and a fluid is developed. Applying the Fourier method, we arrive at two eigenvalue problems for the equations of motion of the elastic body and the fluid. Solving them, we find the eigenfunctions. Substituting the general solutions into the boundary conditions, we obtain a homogeneous system of linear algebraic equations for the arbitrary constants. From the condition for the existence of a nontrivial solution, we derive the dispersion equation. A dispersion equation, which describes the propagation of normal waves in the hydroelastic system, is obtained. The dispersion curves for quasi-Lamb waves over a wide range of frequencies are constructed. The effect of the finite initial deformations in an elastic layer, the thickness of the elastic layer, and the half-space of an ideal compressible fluid on the phase velocities and dispersion of quasi-Lamb modes are analyzed. It follows from the graphical material presented above that, in the case of compression with 0.54, i.e., with a 46 percent’s reduction in the length of the highly elastic incompressible body, the phase velocities of the surface waves (Stoneley waves and Rayleigh waves) vanish. This indicates that surface instability develops at 0.54 for a highly elastic incompressible non-Hookean body initially in a plane stress-strain state. We should point out that these figures agree with results obtained earlier in the theory of stability and correspond to the critical value of the contraction parameter. In the case of highly elastic incompressible bodies, the linearized wave theory makes it possible to study not only general and several specific wave processes, but also the conditions under which the surface instability begins in elastic bodies and hydroelastic systems. It also follows from the graphs that the ideal fluid slightly affects the surface instability of hydroelastic systems. The numerical results are presented in the form of graphs, and their analysis is given.
The ordering effects of an n-Si defect structure, induced by high fluences of ions with MeV energies
Authors: Gaidar G.P. , Pinkovska M.B. , Starchyk M.I.
Published: March 2021

The results of studies of the structural and optical properties of silicon irradiated with light ions of MeV energies with fluences exceeding 1016 cm–2 are generalized. The structure of silicon irradiated with ions is con ventionally divided into several regions (ion path, braking, and outside the braking region), the kind of which is determined by the type of ions, their mass, energy, and temperature during irradiation. It is established that the irradiation with high fluences of light ions of MeV energies causes the formation of ordered layers in the bulk of silicon at depths up to several hundred microns, associated with defects whose properties differ from those of the matrix. It is shown that, under such irradiation conditions, the nature of the defect formation (the number and width of the revealed ordered linear structures and their location relative to the braking region of ions) depends on the mass and energy of ions, the ion beam intensity, the irradiation temperature, and the crystal properties. The effect of the ordering of defects in the form of stress lines and their propagation outside the braking region was discovered, when silicon was irradiated with ions of both hydrogen and helium. It is found that this effect depends on the irradiation intensity and occurs, only when the beam current density is less than 0.45 μA/cm2. It is established that, for silicon irradiated with helium ions in the region of ion path, characteristic is not the monocrystalline, but fragmentary structure, which has an aggregate of ordered stress lines (associated with defects) located in parallel to the braking band of helium ions, and the braking band consists of voids etched as a continuous layer and in the form of separate clusters. It is revealed that the irradiation of dis location silicon with deuterium ions leads to the movement of dislocations during the irradiation and to their crossing of the deuteron braking line due to the formation of stacking faults.
Synthesis and properties of na nomagnetite for the preparation of biocomposites
Authors: Synytsia A.O. , Iatsenko A.P. , Sych O. Ye. , Babutina T.Ye. , Тоmila T.V. , Bykov O.I. , Perekos A.O. , Boshytska N.V.
Published: March 2021

Magnetite powder (FeO·Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) is obtained by the chemical precipitation method, using FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O as a starting materials in the presence of hydrazine N2H4 at a temperature of 80 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are used for the study of the phase composition and morphology of the synthesized powder. Its specific surface area and magnetic properties such as, in particular, the specific saturation magnetization, coercive force and residual induction are investigated. It is established that the composition of the synthesized powder is represented by magnetite as the main phase with a small admixture of hematite. It is shown that the particles of the obtained magnetite have sizes of 33-84 nm and tend to the agglomeration. The prepared powder has superparamagnetic properties (specific magnetization — 35 A · m2/kg, coercive force — 0.24 kA/m, residual induction — 0.009 T) and is promising for the biocomposite creation.
Results of the reinterpretation of materials of IV geotraverse of NHS (PK 295- 400) in the central part of the Holovanivsk suture zone
Authors: Trypolsky O.A. , Topoliuk O.V. , Trypolska O.O. , Gintov O.B.
Published: March 2021

This work provides the reinterpretation results of the research outcomes with the DSS method on geotraverse IV on section PK 295-400 in order to clarify a seismic section in the Holovanivsk area of high gravity. A number of points of diffraction and seismic sites have been identified in Earth’s crust (at a depth of 2-60 km), which gives an opportunity to considerably specify the data on the deep structure of the studied area. The position in a section of the Talnivska fault zone is clarified due to the identification of additional points of diffraction and a large number of short reflective elements at a depth of 2-8 km. In the central part of the section (PK 338-355), horizontal and inclined elements (at the depths of 2-9 km and 24-44 km) and a series of short steeply inclined reflective elements (at depths of 8-26 km) form the area of the medium which at the depth of 2-44 km differs in its characteristics from the host rocks. This allowed tracing the listriс shear zone that stretches continuously from a depth of 8 km on PK 355 to 44 km on PK 304. All this, as well as available seismotomographic data, allows us to suppose that the Talnivska fault zone is traced up to depths of 100-600 km as a boundary between blocks with different Vp velocities and degrees and gaps in the Golitsyn—Geiko layer. The listriс shear zone is connected to the main part of the Talnivska fault zone near the surface. According to the given re-interpretation of GSS data on geotraverse IV, the supply channel of the intrusive body of hyperbasites is rather narrow at depths of 60-33 km, and starting only from depth of 30 km and almost to the surface the body expands up to 15 km in width. Focusing on the area of increased Vp velocities at a depth of 2-33 km, one can assume that the main intrusive body that consists of hyperbasites and basite-Dunites, peridotites, pyroxenites, gabbro, and amphibolites, the density of which exceeds the density of rocks by 0.1-0.22 g/cm3, is located at these depths along the axis of the central part of the Holovanivsk suture zone.
The results of direct-prospecting geophysical methods used for the detection and localization of zones of hydrogen accumulation and migration in the Earth and the Moon cross-sections
Authors: Yakymchuk M.A. , Korchagin I.M.
Published: March 2021

The results of experimental studies at the hydrogen production site, hydrogen degassing sites in various regions, as well as on the Moon are presented. Experiments using the direct-prospecting technology of frequency- resonance processing and interpretation of satellite images and photographs are carried out in order to study the features of the deep structure in the areas of hydrogen degassing. The results of instrumental measurements indicate that, in the areas of the basalt volcanoes location with roots at different depths, signals at hydrogen frequencies are almost always recorded. When scanning the cross-section, responses from hydrogen are recorded practically from the upper edges of basalt volcanoes to their roots. Therefore, it can be assumed that basaltic volcanoes are a kind of channels through which hydrogen migrates to the upper horizons of the crosssection and further into the atmosphere. Deep (living) water is synthesized within many basalt volcanoes at a depth of 68 km. Hydrogen-rich water is healing and can be used for wellness purposes. All previously surveyed longevity zones on the Earth are located within basalt volcanoes, in which water synthesized at a depth of 68 km migrates to the surface and is used for the water supply. Hydrogen deposits can be formed by basaltic volcanoes in adjacent sealed reservoirs. The Mali hydrogen production site is located outside the contour of the basalt volcano; hydrogen responses were recorded from marl at the well site. At local sites in the Carpathians, signals from hydrogen are obtained from dolomites and marls. Hydrogen deposits formed near basalt volcanoes in different types of reservoirs can be discovered and localized during areal exploration using the methods of frequency- resonance processing of satellite images and photographs. Direct-prospecting technology can also be used to study reservoirs in crystalline rocks (including basalts). The materials of the article, as well as the previously published results of experimental work in various regions, indicate the advisability of using direct-prospecting methods of frequency–resonance processing of satellite images and photographs to detect zones of hydrogen accumulation in areas, where basalt volcanoes are located, as well as in areas of hydrogen degassing. The use of the mobile low-cost technology will significantly speed up the exploration process for hydrogen, as well as reduce the financial costs for its implementation.