bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of light on the germination of potato seeds
Authors: Listowski A. , Rykaczewska K.
Published: June 2015

The influence of white and coloured Light and of the darkness on the germination of potato seeds was investigated. Potato seeds germinate in light as well as in darkness. Bed light is stimulative. Far-red and blue light depending of the origin of the seeds populations acted or inhibitive or only as a delaying factor. The after effect of R after FR or FR after R was also studied. The R-FR or FR-R photoreaction observed by potato seeds, differ from the classic pattern established by lettuce and tomato seeds.
Badanie wzrostu kultur korzeniowych oraz tworzenia i wzrostu in vitro kalusów z różnych organów marchmi odmiany Terfekcja [Growth and callus formation of tissue cultures derived from various carrot organs]
Authors: Domańska Anna M. , Rennert Aldona
Published: June 2015

The clones of excised roots, leaves, petioles, cotylenods, hypocotyls and root calluses derived from the respective carrot fragments (cv. 'Perfekcja' commonly cultivated in Poland) were cultured in vitro. An influence of thiamine concentrations on the growth of root tissue was examined. Several various media were tested for callus cultures. Bee bread extract was also applied. The growth of isolated clones during early and later culture periods was compared.
Ocena tolerancji wybranych gatunków traw i roślin motylkowatych na zasolenie środowiska [Salt tolerance of grasses and leguminous plants]
Authors: Zawadzka Maria
Published: June 2015

11 species of grasses and 10 species of leguminous plants were tested for salt tolerance. The biotest of germination viability and capacity in soline water was performed. The results proved usefulness of using seeds as bioin-dicators and allowed to show the significant interspecific differences. The following species – Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum, Festuca pratensis, Arrhenetherum elatius, Trifolium resupinatum, T. incarnatum and Melilotus albus show high level of tolerance. The less tolerant species were: Festuca ovina, Agrostis alba, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina and Medicago sativa.
Zmienność niektórych cech morfologicznych Festuca pratensis, Alopecurus pratensis i Poa Irivialis [Variability of some morphological characters of Festuca pratensis, Alopecuruspratensis and Poa trivialis]
Authors: Falkowski M. , Kozłowski S. , Maruszewska J.
Published: June 2015

Variability of some morphological characters of Festuca pratensis, Alopecurus pratensix and Poa tririalis was determined. The blades and ligules show the highest variability in contrast to the small variability of the length of inflorescences. It exists a clear relationship between height of generative shoots soil's moisture. Correlations between some morphological characters were established.
Wstępne badania mieszańców Corylus maxima Mill. X Corylus avellana L. [Preliminary study on the hybrid Corylus maocvma Mill. X Corylus avellana L.]
Authors: Janczar W. , Wrona S.
Published: June 2015

The preliminary results of amelioration of hazel-nuts by hybridization beween Corylus maxima Mill, and Corylus avellana L. are presented.
The fractional composition of wheat proteins and the possibility of its hereditability in F1 generation
Authors: Biernacka T. , Kączkowski J. , Liss W. , Serwatowska J.
Published: June 2015

The fractional composition of proteins extracted from wheat flour samples of different baking quality was determined in order to find some relationships between the fraction contents, total extractability, and the E280 /total N ratios of separate extracts and the baking quality of flour. There has been found an influence of the quality of fluor on the decrease of total extraction of protein and that of E280 /total N ratio of NaOH extracts containing high mol. weight glutenin. As those flour properties should be of importance in technology and nutrition, the possibility of their direct hereditability in F1 generation, using crossings between male sterile mother lines and fertility restoring father ones, was investigated. It has been shown, that the fractional composition of wheat proteins can be directly hereditable, the influence of mother line being much stronger than that of father line. Also, the influence of mother line on the hereditability of E280 /total N ratio was found to be probable, although the results were found to be less regular.
Badania porówmawcze wpływu witamin, cytostatyków i nowych związków o spodziewanym działaniu przeciwnapromiennym na kiełkowanie diaspor grochu, kopru i słonecznika [Comparative study of the influence of vitamins, cytostatics, and new chemical compounds of expected anti-irradiation effects on the germination of pea, dill, and sunflower diaspors]
Authors: Kowal T. , Krupińska A. , Latowski K. , Pic S. , Wojterska H.
Published: June 2015

The test carried out have shown that diaspores of some plant species react differently to the action of the same chemical substances. Irradiation as well as some of the compounds used, caused certain changes in the anatomical structure of the plants; e.g. in pea irradiated with x-rays, an increase of inner diameter of primary cortex cells was observed, as well as an increase in the number of vessels.
The chemical defoliation of Ligitstrum vulgare L. and Spiraea x arguta Zab. shrubs in nursery
Authors: Marczyński Szczepan
Published: June 2015

To defoliate Ligustrum vulgare and Spiraea x arguta – ethephon, KJ, Mg(ClO3)2•6H2O, CuSO4•5H2O and (NH4)2SO4 in various concentrations were used alone or in mixtures. Treating plants with potassium iodide gave the best results. KJ concentrations of 0.05-0,1% and 0.1-0.% were sufficient to defoliate Spiraea and Ligusturm respectively. Magnesium chlorate at concentration of 0.24 and 2% CuSO4 were also effective, the latter however, proved slight harmful to the plants. Spraying with defoliants on Sept. 26 gave better results than treating plants on Sept. 16. Chemical defoliation decreased negligibly the frost resistance of Ligusturm vulgare shrubs.
Badania możliwości stosowania norflurazonu do zwalczania Agropyron repens L. Część I. Wpływ norflurazonu na zawartość chlorofilu i karotenu w perzu rozgłogowym [Effect of Norflurazon in weed control. P. I. Influence of Narflurazon on pigment's content in Agropyrcn repens L.]
Authors: Karczmarczyk Stanisław , Zbieć Irena
Published: June 2015

The influence of Narflurazon on chlorophyll content, development of Agropron repens L. plants grown under high and low light intensites was studied. Under high light intensity (10 000 lx) both chlorophyll and carotenoides production was markedly reduced, 0.5 ppm and more of Norflurazon bleac ed the platns almost competely. Higher doses of Norflurazon (0.025 ppm and more) significantly inhibited growth and respiration of Agropyron repens.
Wpływ linuronu (Afalonu) i zróżnicoiuanego natuożenia mineralnego na zawartość substancji pektynowych w liściach peluszki (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of linuron (Afalon) and different mineral fertilization on the content of pectic substances in leaves of field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]
Authors: Ciszewska R. , Szynal J.
Published: June 2015

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fractions of protopectins in field pea (Pisum arvense L.) leaves during vegetation in field conditions were determined. The influence of linuron (Afalon) and different mineral fertilization on the content of various fractions of pectic substances and rate of protopectins methylation was investigated.
Zwalczanie zgnilizny powodowanej przez grzyby z rodzaju Penicillium [Control of Penicillium apple rot]
Authors: Borecka H.
Published: June 2015

Control of Pezicula spp. fungi reduced Penicillium apple rot. The Penicillium apple rot process began slowly under the modified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 3% O2. The lower concentration of Benlate – 0.05% did not influence this fungicide's effectiveness, The lower concentration– 0.05% of Topsin M decreased the effectiveness of this fungicide. The resistant strains of Penicillium spp. to benzimidazole fungicides under laboratory conditions were obtained.
Plasmopara helianthi Novot. na słoneczniku w Polsce[Plasmopara helianthi Nowot. on sunflower plants in Poland]
Authors: Kochman J.
Published: June 2015

The occurrence of downy sunflower mildew caused by Plasmopara helianthi Novot. was studied in Poland. Description of the fungus, on the basis of Polish material, has been reported
Uszkodzenia liści lip w nasadzeniach przyulicznych i parkowych w Warszawie w 1973 roku [Foliage injures observed on lime trees (Tilia sp.) in Warsaw during the 1973 growing season]
Authors: Kochman J. , Molski B. , Zamorski Cz.
Published: June 2015

The state of health of lime trees growing in a big-city environment was researched. In the studied trees necrosis, skeletonization, and leaf discoloration were observed. The greatest occurrence of necrosis was observed in tress growing along streets.
Fluctuation of Fusarium distribution in soil and the role of the forecrop in the control of Fusarium wilt of flax
Authors: Zarzycka H.
Published: June 2015

The influence of crop rotation and wheather conditions on the Fusarium population in soil and on Fusarium wilt of flax was examined in the Institute of Native Natural Fibres in 1968-1975. The experiments were carried out in various regions of flax planting in Poland during 8 years. Crop rotation had a significant influence on the process of biological soil disinfestation. Fusarium population in soil increased after planting flax, wheat, barley and sugar-beet, and decreased or did not change after rape, hemp, potato and leguminous plants. The crop rotation significantly influenced the composition of the Fusarium population as far as species are concerned. The highest wilt infection of flax was found in plantings after flax, sugarbeet and wheat and the weakest in plantings after rape. A six-year crop rotation was sufficient to eliminate the wilt pathogen from infested soil. But on flax-sick soil the process of biological disinfestation proceeded more slowly and a seven-year interval between flax crops was too short.
Septorioza pomidora. III. Patogeniczność Septoria lycopersici Speg. oraz podatność pomidora na ten grzyb [Septoria leaf spot of tomato. III. Pathogenicity of Septoria lycopersici Speg. and susceptibility of tomato to this fungus]
Authors: Marcinkowska J.
Published: June 2015

The resultus of this study have indicated a lack of physioloigical specialization of Septoria lycopersici in Poland. The susceptibility of tomato plants to this fungus depending on the age of host plant and its variety, was also studied out.
Występowanie głowni rajgrasu wyniosłego (Ustilago perennans Rostr.) w Polsce [The occurrence of tall oat grass smut (Ustilago perennans Rostr.) in Poland]
Authors: Tomala-Bednarek J. W.
Published: June 2015

Ustilago perennans occurs commonly in Poland, dramaging several per cent of panicles. The highest smut infection of tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) occurred during the first year of crop production. During the consecutive years, the incidence of disease decreased gradually. Some plants recovered completely. Different forms of disease symptoms on panicles were observed. Occasionally, the fungus attacked also the youngest leaves of tall oat grass.
Alternarioza konopi [Alternaria tennis leaf spot of hemp]
Authors: Zarzycka H. , Jaranowska B.
Published: June 2015

The causal organism of brown spots occurring on leaves of hemp in 1975 in Poland was determined as Alternaria tennis auct.
Przenoszenie się grzyba Ustilago perennans Bostr. z nasionami rajgrasu wyniosłego [Transmission of Ustilago perennans Rostr. with tall oat grass seeds]
Authors: Tomala-Bednarek J. W.
Published: June 2015

It was established that the mycelium of Ustilago perennans does not grow into the pericarp and seed coat of Arrhenatherum elatius caryopses. The main source of seedling infection at this year .seeds sowing were mycelium and gemmes present in hull tissues whereas ait last-year seeds sowing-the spores wintering on the hull and caryopsis surfaces, as they proved to be more survived. The ability of the fungus to seedling infection was decreasing gradually with the seed ageing.
Mutation induction in chrysanthemums by gamma-rays treatment of rooted cuttings
Authors: Guzowski W. , Muszyński S.
Published: June 2015

Rooted cuttings of two Chrysanthemum hortorum cultivars, yellow flowered Luyona and purplish-red flowered Woking, were irradiated with following dosages of 60Co gamma-rays: 1.5; ,2.0; 2.5; 3.0 kR. Among the MV2 plants six clones from the cultivar Woking shoved mutational changes, and two of them were selected as possible new cultivars. No mutants were obtained from the cultivar Luyona.
Tissue culture of horse-radish (Cochlearia armoracia L.) meristems: sterilization of buds and comparison of media
Authors: Górecka K. , Srzednicka W. , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

The attempt was made to cultivate horse-radish meristems taken from buds removed from roots. The lowest per cent of contamination was found after the buds had been soaiked in 80% ethanol for 6 minutes and then in 5%, 7.5% or 10% chloramine for 30, 30 or 15 minutes, respectively. Both agar media: Murashige-Skoog and Linsmaier-Skoog, were equally good, providing a moderate number of developing plants. The Linsmaier-Skoog medium was more satisfactory when solidified with agar; the results with liquid medium and filter-paper bridges were not as good.
Ilościowe oznaczanie skrobi w reakcji z jodem [Quantitative determination of starch in the reaction with iodine]
Authors: Marciniak Henryk
Published: June 2015

A quantitative method of determination by photometric measurement in the iodine-starch complex is described. Determinations were made within 0-250 μg range of starch content in 1 ml of solution. Starch was treated with 0.01N J in 1% KJ and extinction was read at wavelength 610 nm in a 1 cm thick layer of solution, with a "Specol" photocolorimeter. Statistical analysis of measurements showed a positive correlation between the starch amount and extinction.
Dynamika przyrostu masy i produktywność stokłosy bezostnej i stokłosy uniolowatej przy zróżnicowanym nawożeniu azotem w doświadczeniu polowym. Cz. I. Wskaźniki produktywności i plony [Dynamics of mass increase and productivity of smooth brome grass and rescue grass with different nitrogen fertilization in field experiments. Part I. Indexes of productivity and yields]
Authors: Skrabka Henryk , Stachurska Anna , Szuwalska Zdzisława
Published: June 2015

On the basis of daily dry weight increment and assimilation area of the investigated plants the production indexes NAR, LAI and CGR and yields of dry weight were calculated for three years. The comparison of indexes and yields showed that the dynamics and mass increment of rescue grass are higher that those of smooth brome grass.
Dynamika przyrostu masy i produktywność stokłosy bezostnej i stokłosy uniolowatej przy zróżnieowanym nawożeniu azotem w doświadczeniu polowym. Cz. II. Jakość plonu [Dynamics of mass increase and productivity of smooth brome grass and rescue grass with different nitrogen fertilization in field experiments. Part II. Quality of yield]
Authors: Skrabka Henryk , Stachurska Anna , Szuwalska Zdzisława
Published: June 2015

The contents of protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, fibre (ADF), lignin (ADL) and mineral components in tissues of smooth brome grass – Bromus inermis and rescue grass – Bromus unioloides were determined. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the nutritive value of either species of grass.
Produktywność gatunku Achillea millefolium L, w warunkach naturalnych [Productivity of the species Achillea millejolium L. in natural habitats]
Authors: Kowal Tadeusz , Pic Stanisław
Published: June 2015

On the basis of three years investigations of the productivity of Achillea millejolium L. monthly "indices" of biomass-producton, water content, organic and inorganic matter and essential oils (Table 1) contents were calculated as well as the same indices for particular years (Table 2). A relationship of the productivity with climatic conditions and differences in the composition of the essential oil with changes of seasons were found.
Wplyw IAA na aktywność oksydazy kwasu indolilooctowego w siewkach pszenicy ozimej i kukurydzy w warunkach stresu osmotycznego [Influence of IAA on IAA-oxidase activity in winter wheat and maize seedlings under conditions of osmotic stress]
Authors: Nowakowski Wiesław
Published: June 2015

IAA-oxidase activity was determined in etiolated 7-day-old winter wheat leaves of the variety Grana and in maize leaves of the variety KbDc-310. The results indicate that IAA applied before seeding (1.10-5 M) depresses IAA-oxidase activity in the roots and shoot of the cereals tested under conditions of mannitol osmotic stress (-4.84 bar and -9.68 bar).
Wpływ symazyny (Gesatopu-50) na zawartość i rozmieszczenie substancji pektynowych oraz wapnia w częściach nadziemnych peluszki (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of simazine (Gesatop-50) on the content and distribution of pectic substances and calcium in above-ground parts of field pea (Pisum arvense L.)]
Authors: Ciszewska Renata , Szynal Jadwiga
Published: June 2015

The content of pectic substances (soluble pectins and fractions of protopectins) and calcium (free and bound) in field pea (Pisum arvense L.) leaves and stem during vegetation in field conditions were determined. The influence of simazine on the content of various fractions of pectic substances and degree of protopectins methylation and calcium was investigated.
The effect of an auxin (IBA), fungicide (Captan) and of wounding on the rooting of softwood apple (Malus Mill.) cuttings
Authors: Górecki Ryszard S.
Published: June 2015

Softwood cuttings of rootstocks M 26, M 104 and M 106 were investigated under ordinary propagating greenhouse conditions without basal heat or mist. Rooting was stimulated most effectively by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 0,5% in a mixture of talc with a commercial powdered fungicide, Captan (6:4 wt/wt). Wounding of the basal part of cuttings increased the percentage of rooting and increased the number of roots per cutting and the length of the root system. Captan restricted decay of cuttings, promoted rooting, probably indirectly, and improved the root-system quality. The best results obtained were 91%, 68% and 100% rooted cuttings for the clones M 26, M 104 and M 106, respectively. The time of cuttings collection (July – September) had no significant effect on their rooting.
GÊNERO E EDUCAÇÃO FISICA ESCOLAR: TENSÕES E IMPLICAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: da Silva Kelli , N de Oliveira Nathalia , Ricardo Silva José , Ap T dos Santos Larissa
Published: June 2015

Physical education classes are a time marked by discrimination and prejudice regarding gender. Practice teachers identified as non-lessons reinforce the division between boys and girls. Thus oobjetivo this research is to address the problem of school physical education in relation to gender. Used as amethodology to bibliographic search. The results were that the educator's role is to develop several games that span all students exercising mixed classes do students awaken enthusiasm in the work and activities developed the idea of homogenization in class so as to contribute to the social development of students and excluding practices of disrespect and exclusion.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FATORES DE RISCO QUE COMPROMETEM A SAÚDE MENTAL EM AMBIENTES FAMILIARES
Authors: Carlos G Arias João , S de Oliveira Rogerio , Z de Lima Graziele , Carolina de F Azevedo Ana , Ap Buriola Aline
Published: June 2015

According to the Ministry of Health 3% of the general population suffer from serious or severe mental disorders and more than 12% require some care in Mental Health. In this context, this study attempts to identify risk factors for mental health disorders in family environments. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which was conducted by retrospective analysis of cadastral records of 22 families served by an extension project. It resulted that a sedentary lifestyle is a major factor, followed for feeling anxious, disturbed sleep pattern, risk for situational low self-esteem and feelings of powerlessness. Conclude that the results of this research may point a direction to the need for mental health care focusing on prevention of risk factors, as well as contribute to the discussion about simple care strategies such as home visits.
A Novel Multi-Focus Image Fusion Method Based on Dual-Tree Shearlet Transform
Authors: Duan Chang , Wang Shuai , Huang Qihong
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a multi-focus image fusion method based on Dual-Tree Compactly Supported Shearlet Transform (DT CSST) and Direction Decision Map (DDM) is proposed. DT CSST is a shift invariant modification of conventional Compactly Supported Shearlet Transform (CSST). Based on the mitigation of shift variance of CSST in DT CSST, a clearer fused image could be acquired through the General Image Fusion (GIF) method, and this image is called the initial fused image in this paper. The decision map is determined by the similarity of the initial fused image and the source images. The generation algorithm of the decision map in this paper takes advantage of the directional nature of DT CSST: every direction of the transform generates an initial directional decision map and then yields the final map through vote and smooth steps. This scheme is called DDM in this paper. The proposed method is evaluated by four groups of standard images. The results show that the proposed method is able to improve the quality indices compared with two algorithms which have excellent quality indices.
Relationships Between Students' Fractional Knowledge and Equation Writing
Authors: Hackenberg Amy J. , Lee Mi Yeon
Published: June 2015

To understand relationships between students' fractional knowledge and algebraic reasoning in the domain of equation writing, an interview study was conducted with 12 secondary school students, 6 students operating with each of 2 different multiplicative concepts. These concepts are based on how students coordinate composite units. Students participated in two 45-minute interviews and completed a written fractions assessment. Students operating with the second multiplicative concept had not constructed fractional numbers, but students operating with the third multiplicative concept had; students operating with the second multiplicative concept represented multiplicatively related unknowns in qualitatively different ways than students operating with the third multiplicative concept. A facilitative link is proposed between the construction of fractional numbers and how students represent multiplicatively related unknowns.
Book Review: Challenging Mathematics Education Researchers to Undertake Grand Problems
Authors: Jansen Amanda , Marzocchi Alison S.
Published: June 2015

This edited volume, Vital Directions for Mathematics Education Research, is a significant contribution to our field because each chapter highlights grand problems that researchers must tackle to improve mathematics learning and teaching. The ambitious goals of the chapters could be summarized in a central question: How can research contribute to understanding and improving mathematics teaching so that we can further understand and support students' meaningful learning of mathematics? From this book, readers will draw inspiration for their research endeavors, and they will be able to situate their studies in broader perspectives about mathematics teaching and learning.
A Dinâmica e os Fatores Organizacionais Propiciadores à Ocorrência do Assédio Moral no Trabalho
Authors: Nunes Thiago Soares , Tolfo Suzana da Rosa
Published: June 2015

Neste artigo é apresentada uma revisão da literatura sobre o assédio moral, com uma abordagem voltada para a Ciência da Administração. Considera-se que no atual contexto existem alguns fatores organizacionais propiciadores à ocorrência do assédio moral, e que são importantes de ser compreendidos pelo administrador. O assédio moral trata-se de um processo complexo que inclui a interação de aspectos interpessoais, sociais (grupais) e organizacionais. A abordagem focada é a do assédio moral organizacional, cujo objetivo é fazer com que as agressões sirvam de exemplo para os membros organizacionais, para que estes alcancem as metas/objetivos estabelecidos pela organização a qualquer custo. Ressalta-se que existem alguns fatores organizacionais que podem propiciar o assédio, como a mudança da natureza e da organização do trabalho, cultura e clima organizacional, e liderança. Buscaram-se nos modelos propostos subsídios conceituais explicativos do fenômeno, os quais demonstram a interação dos diversos aspectos supracitados que influenciam na ocorrência.DOI:10.7769/gesec.v4i2.161
Tolerância do girassol a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência
Authors: Reis Ronaldo Matias , Souza Matheus Freitas , Queiroz Guilherme Pereira , Siebert Isadora Garcia , Silva Daniel Valadão , Fereira Evander Alves , Silva Antônio Alberto
Published: June 2015

O manejo adequado das plantas daninhas é uma das principais práticas necessárias para o sucesso do cultivo do girassol. Todavia, um dos entraves para a expansão do seu cultivo são as poucas informações referentes ao manejo químico, sobretudo para aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência da cultura. Na busca desse conhecimento realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância do girassol à aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da aplicação de flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, fluazifop-p-buthyl, fluazifop-p-buthyl + fomesafen, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim, haloxyfop-p-methyl, clethodim, chlorimuron-ethyl e isoxaflutole aos 22 dias após a emergência do girassol, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se a intoxicação visual das plantas, a altura de plantas, o número de folhas, a área foliar, a matéria seca total e as seguintes variáveis fisiológicas: taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A), condutância estomática de vapor d’água (gs) taxa transpiratória (E), relação entre as concentrações interna e externa de CO2 (Ci:Ca), eficiência instantânea no uso da água (EUA) e consumo de CO2 (∆C). A resposta do girassol foi dependente do herbicida aplicado. Flumioxazin, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + clethodim, haloxyfop-p-methyl, fluazifop-p-buthyl e clethodim promoveram as menores intoxicações ao girassol, de maneira que a fisiologia e o crescimento das plantas não foram prejudicados. Ao avaliar as características fisiológicas, o fomesafen, a mistura fluazifop-p-buthyl + fomesafen e chlorimuron-ethyl destacam-se como os mais danosos à cultura, afetando negativamente as variáveis A, gs, E e ∆C das plantas tratadas com esses produtos.
Atmospheric rivers do not explain UK summer extreme rainfall
Authors: Champion Adrian J. , Allan Richard P. , Lavers David A.
Published: June 2015

Extreme rainfall events continue to be one of the largest natural hazards in the UK. In winter, heavy precipitation and floods have been linked with intense moisture transport events associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs), yet no large‐scale atmospheric precursors have been linked to summer flooding in the UK. This study investigates the link between ARs and extreme rainfall from two perspectives: (1) Given an extreme rainfall event, is there an associated AR? (2) Given an AR, is there an associated extreme rainfall event? We identify extreme rainfall events using the UK Met Office daily rain gauge data set and link these to ARs using two different horizontal resolution atmospheric data sets (ERA‐Interim and Twentieth Century Reanalysis). The results show that less than 35% of winter ARs and less than 15% of summer ARs are associated with an extreme rainfall event. Consistent with previous studies, at least 50% of extreme winter rainfall events are associated with an AR. However, less than 20% of the identified summer extreme rainfall events are associated with an AR. The dependence of the water vapor transport intensity threshold used to define an AR on the years included in the study, and on the length of the season, is also examined. Including a longer period (1900–2012) compared to previous studies (1979–2005) reduces the water vapor transport intensity threshold used to define an AR.
Influence of basement structures on in situ stresses over the Surat Basin, southeast Queensland
Authors: Brooke‐Barnett Samuel , Flottmann Thomas , Paul Pijush K. , Busetti Seth , Hennings Peter , Reid Ray , Rosenbaum Gideon
Published: June 2015

The Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Surat Basin in southeast Queensland host a significant volume of coal seam gas resources. Consequently, knowledge of the in situ stress is important for coal permeability enhancement and wellbore stability. Using wireline log data and direct stress measurements, we have calculated stress orientations from 36 wells and stress magnitudes from 7 wells across the Surat Basin. Our results reveal a relationship between high tectonic stress and proximity to structures within the underlying “basement” rocks. The influence of tectonic stresses is diminished with depth in areas with thicker sedimentary cover that are relatively far from the basement structures. We suggest that this relationship is due to the redistribution of in situ stresses around areas where basement is shallower and where basement structures, such as the Leichhardt‐Burunga Fault System, are present. This behavior is explained by a lower rigidity in the thickest basin cover, which reduces the ability to maintain higher tectonic stress. Over the entire Surat Basin, a significant amount of variability in in situ stress orientation is observed. The authors attribute this stress variability to complex plate boundary interactions on the northern and eastern margins of the Indo‐Australian Plate.
Phase Transformations in Ti–Fe Alloys Induced by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Straumal B. B. , Kilmametov A. R. , Ivanisenko Yu. , Gornakova A. S. , Mazilkin A. A. , Kriegel M .J. , Fabrichnaya O. B. , Baretzky B. , Hahn H.
Published: June 2015

The Ti–Fe alloys are quite important among various Ti‐based alloys doped with β‐stabilisers. Severe plastic deformation by the high pressure torsion (HPT) leads to the strong grain refinement in Ti–Fe alloys. The high‐pressure ωTi‐phase appears during HPT of the Ti–1 wt.% Fe alloy. However, the ωTi does not appear after uniaxial compression at the same pressure, without torsion. ωTi remains quenched after pressure release and disappears by heating around 140–150 °C. However, the further alloying with iron suppresses the formation of ωTi‐phase. As a result, ωTi does not appear after HPT in the Ti–10 wt.% Fe alloy.
Rare coding mutations identified by sequencing of Alzheimer disease genome‐wide association studies loci
Authors: Vardarajan Badri N. , Ghani Mahdi , Kahn Amanda , Sheikh Stephanie , Sato Christine , Barral Sandra , Lee Joseph H. , Cheng Rong , Reitz Christiane , Lantigua Rafael , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Medrano Martin , Jimenez‐Velazquez Ivonne Z. , Rogaeva Ekaterina , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Mayeux Richard
Published: June 2015

Objective

To detect rare coding variants underlying loci detected by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD).

Methods

We conducted targeted sequencing of ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, MS4A4A/MS4A6A, and PICALM in 3 independent LOAD cohorts: 176 patients from 124 Caribbean Hispanics families, 120 patients and 33 unaffected individuals from the 129 National Institute on Aging LOAD Family Study; and 263 unrelated Canadian individuals of European ancestry (210 sporadic patients and 53 controls). Rare coding variants found in at least 2 data sets were genotyped in independent groups of ancestry‐matched controls. Additionally, the Exome Aggregation Consortium was used as a reference data set for population‐based allele frequencies.

Results

Overall we detected a statistically significant 3.1‐fold enrichment of the nonsynonymous mutations in the Caucasian LOAD cases compared with controls (p = 0.002) and no difference in synonymous variants. A stop‐gain mutation in ABCA7 (E1679X) and missense mutation in CD2AP (K633R) were highly significant in Caucasian LOAD cases, and mutations in EPHA1 (P460L) and BIN1 (K358R) were significant in Caribbean Hispanic families with LOAD. The EPHA1 variant segregated completely in an extended Caribbean Hispanic family and was also nominally significant in the Caucasians. Additionally, BIN1 (K358R) segregated in 2 of the 6 Caribbean Hispanic families where the mutations were discovered.

Interpretation

Targeted sequencing of confirmed GWAS loci revealed an excess burden of deleterious coding mutations in LOAD, with the greatest burden observed in ABCA7 and BIN1. Identifying coding variants in LOAD will facilitate the creation of tractable models for investigation of disease‐related mechanisms and potential therapies. Ann Neurol 2015;78:487–498
Regio‐ und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α‐Aminoketone durch Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierung
Authors: Huwig Kai , Schultz Katharina , Kazmaier Uli
Published: June 2015

Chirale α‐Aminoketone sind hervorragende Nukleophile für hoch stereoselektive Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen, sowohl mit chiralen als auch achiralen Allylsubstraten, wobei die Steuerung über das chirale Ketonenolat überwiegt. Die erhaltenen substituierten Aminoketone lassen sich anschließend stereoselektiv reduzieren, wobei bis zu fünf benachbarte Stereozentren erhalten werden können. Dies ermöglicht auch den Aufbau eines hoch substituierten Piperidinderivates.
Stereochemical Communication within a Chiral Ion Pair Catalyst
Authors: Merten Christian , Pollok Corina H. , Liao Saihu , List Benjamin
Published: June 2015

Ionic interactions are increasingly appreciated as a key, asymmetry‐inducing factor in enantioselective catalytic transformations, including those involving Brønsted acid or base catalysis, phase‐transfer catalysis, and related processes. However, a detailed understanding of these interactions is often lacking. Herein, we show how an enantiopure anion enforces a chiral conformation onto a catalytically relevant achiral cation. Specifically, we use vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy to monitor the transmission of stereochemical information from a chiral phosphate anion to a flexible manganese(III)–salen cation. We show that VCD can be used to study solvent effects and that the obtained chiroptical data directly and quantitatively correlate with the experimentally observed enantioselectivity in an asymmetric olefin epoxidation reaction.
Photonic Crystals with a Reversibly Inducible and Erasable Defect State Using External Stimuli
Authors: Chen Mao , Zhang Yapeng , Jia Siyu , Zhou Lin , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: June 2015

The controlled introduction of artificial extrinsic defects is critical to achieve the functions of photonic crystals. Smart defects capable of responding to external stimuli lead to more advanced applications. Here we report a microgel colloidal crystal with a defect state which could be induced and erased reversibly by external stimuli. The crystal was assembled from PNIPAM microgel and P(NIPAM‐AAc) microgel of the same size. The resulting doped crystal does not exhibit a defect state in its stop band because of the similar optical properties of the dopant and the host. By increasing the pH value, however, the dopant P(NIPAM‐AAc) spheres swell to a larger size and turn into real defects in the crystal, resulting in the appearance of defect state. Adjusting the pH value back restores the size of the dopant spheres, and thus erases the defect state. Temperature, a second external stimulus, could also be used to induce and erase defect states of the crystal.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxy‐terminated polyether‐polydimethylsiloxane‐polyether (PE‐PDMS‐PE) triblock oligomers and their use in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes
Authors: Dai Zeliang , Yang Kai , Dong Qingzhi
Published: June 2015

A series of hydroxy‐terminated polyether‐polydimethylsiloxane‐polyether (α,ω‐dihydroxy‐(PE‐PDMS‐PE)) ABA triblock oligomers were synthesized from silanic fluids and methyl polyallyloxide polyethers. The reaction was a one‐step solventless hydrosilylation reaction with chloroplatinic acid (CPA) catalyst in the presence of heat. These ABA oligomers were characterized via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, FT‐IR, and GPC to demonstrate that they exhibit a 100% linear ABA structure with a siloxane SiO chain in the center and polyether ethylene oxide (EO)/propylene oxide (PO) chains on the two sides terminated by hydroxy groups. The triblock oligomers were used to form thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) using two‐step solventless bulk polymerization. The investigation of triblock oligomers impact on TPUs mechanical properties, thermal performance, surface water repellency, and morphology performance were analyzed by Instron material tester, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angles (WCA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). DSC and TGA indicated that PE‐PDMS‐PE modified TPUs had a clear lower Tg under −120°C and the temperature of 50% weight loss was improved from 280 to 340°C. PE‐PDMS‐PE–modified TPU did not have the marked reduction on mechanical properties than pure polyether produced TPU. Tensile strength was maintained at 13 MPa and elongation was maintained at 300%. SEM and TEM were used to investigate the copolymers’ morphology performance and found that all PO PE‐PDMS‐PE had a pseudo‐three phase separation. WCA analysis confirmed that PE‐PDMS‐PE–modified TPU had significantly improved hydrophobic performance because the silicone structure linked into TPU copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42521.
Polymorphism and spherulite morphology of poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)/organically‐modified layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Yi‐An , Hang Yi‐Tong , Wu Tzong‐Ming
Published: June 2015

A novel biodegradable poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)/organically‐modified layered double hydroxide (PBA/m‐LDH) nanocomposites are synthesized using the solution mixing process. The m‐LDH is originally prepared with magnesium nitrate hexahydrote (Mg(NO3)2 6H2O), aluminum nitrate‐9‐hydrate (Al(NO3)3 9H2O), oleic acid, and sorbitol by a novel one‐step co‐precipitation method to intercalate the organo‐modifier of oleic acid and sorbitol into the interlayer of LDH. The structure and morphology of the PBA/m‐LDH nanocomposites are characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the m‐LDH is exfoliated and well distributed in PBA matrix. The effect of m‐LDH on the polymorphic crystal and morphology of PBA at various crystallization temperatures (Tcs) would be investigated using WAXD and POM. Both data indicate that the addition of m‐LDH can change the starting formation temperature of α‐form crystals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42526.
Neural network modeling of the preparation process of a siloxane‐organic polyazomethine
Authors: Macsim Ioan Florin , Dragoi Elena Niculina , Cazacu Maria , Curteanu Silvia
Published: June 2015

Although apparently simple, the polycondensation reaction leading to polyazomethine is difficult to control because of its equilibrium character, the conversion degree being influenced by a series of parameters. The reaction between a siloxanediamine, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, and terephthalaldehyde was performed here in solution (in tetrahydrofuran) without by‐products removal and in absence of any catalyst or pH modifier. Different conditions (co‐monomers ratio, dilution, and temperature), considered as input parameters for the process modeling, were varied according to a pre‐established experimental program. The viscosity of the reaction mixture was chosen as output parameter, being monitored with a Haake Viscotester 7 Plus‐L. The process modeling was performed using a hybrid combination of artificial neural networks and differential evolution algorithm, the last one having the role of developing the neural model in an optimal form. The simulation results showed that the methodology provides accurate results, the model predictions being in close correlation with the experimental data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42552.
The cuticular plate: A riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside a hair cell
Authors: Pollock Lana M. , McDermott Brian M.
Published: June 2015

The mechanosensitive hair cells of the inner ear are crucial to hearing and vestibular function. Each hair cell detects the mechanical stimuli associated with sound or head movement with a hair bundle at the apical surface of the cell, consisting of a precise array of actin‐based stereocilia. Each stereocilium inserts as a rootlet into a dense filamentous actin mesh known as the cuticular plate. Disruption of the parallel actin bundles forming the stereocilia results in hearing impairments and balance defects. The cuticular plate is thought to be involved in holding the stereocilia in place. However, the precise role of the cuticular plate in hair bundle development, maintenance, and hearing remains unknown. Ultrastructural studies have revealed a complex cytoskeletal architecture, but a lack of knowledge of proteins that inhabit the cuticular plate and a dearth of mutations that perturb relevant proteins have hindered our understanding of the functions of the cuticular plate. Here, we discuss what is known about the structure and development of this unique and poorly‐understood actin‐rich organelle. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 105:126–139, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STD‐NMR‐Based Protein Engineering of the Unique Arylpropionate‐Racemase AMDase G74C
Authors: Gaßmeyer Sarah Katharina , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Enoki Junichi , Hülsemann Nadine , Stoll Raphael , Miyamoto Kenji , Kourist Robert
Published: June 2015

Structure‐guided protein engineering achieved a variant of the unique racemase AMDase G74C, with 40‐fold increased activity in the racemisation of several arylaliphatic carboxylic acids. Substrate binding during catalysis was investigated by saturation‐transfer‐difference NMR (STD‐NMR) spectroscopy. All atoms of the substrate showed interactions with the enzyme. STD‐NMR measurements revealed distinct nuclear Overhauser effects in experiments with and without molecular conversion. The spectroscopic analysis led to the identification of several amino acid residues whose substitutions increased the activity of G74C. Single amino acid exchanges increased the activity moderately; structure‐guided saturation mutagenesis yielded a quadruple mutant with a 40 times higher reaction rate. This study presents STD‐NMR as versatile tool for the analysis of enzyme–substrate interactions in catalytically competent systems and for the guidance of protein engineering.
Length of stay and long‐term mortality following ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Agarwal Shikhar , Parashar Akhil , Garg Aatish , Ellis Stephen G. , Tuzcu E. Murat , Kapadia Samir R.
Published: June 2015

Background

Over the last few decades, there has been a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although studies have looked at predictors of long hospital stay after STEMI, the impact of LOS on long‐term outcomes after PCI remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between LOS at the time of index hospitalization for PCI and long‐term mortality among patients presenting with STEMI.

Methods

We examined all patients undergoing PCI for STEMI at the Cleveland Clinic Catheterization Laboratory between 2002 and 2011. Long‐term all‐cause mortality was assessed using the Social Security Death Index and electronic medical record review. LOS was extracted from the discharge summary of the index hospitalization.

Results

A total of 1,963 patients were included in the study. Of these 1,963 patients undergoing PCI for STEMI, 126 (6.4%) died during the index hospitalization. Among survivors of this hospitalization, we observed a significant increase in long‐term mortality with an increase in LOS during index hospitalization (P < 0.001). Adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics yielded statistically significant increased mortality among patients with LOS of 6–10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.2 (1.3–3.5)] and LOS > 10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.6 (1.6–4.3)], in comparison with patients with LOS of 1–2 days.

Conclusions

Long hospital stay after PCI among patients with STEMI was associated with an increased long‐term mortality. A long hospital stay may be used as a marker to identify patients at higher risk for long‐term mortality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfemoral approach with systematic use of FemoSeal™ closure device compared to transradial approach in primary angioplasty
Authors: Alonzo Alessandro , Rigattieri Stefano , Giovannelli Francesca , Di Russo Cristian , Sciahbasi Alessandro , Berni Andrea , Volpe Massimo
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) bleedings in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) performed through transradial approach (TRA) or transfemoral approach (TFA) with systematic closure by FemoSeal™.

Background

Although the risk of bleeding can be reduced using vascular closure devices (VCD), there are few data comparing TRA and TFA with VCD, particularly in the setting of pPCI.

Methods

we included in this retrospective registry 777 patients who underwent pPCI at two centers from years 2010 to 2013. Exclusion criteria were implantation of intra‐aortic balloon pump and achievement of femoral hemostasis by other means than FemoSeal™. We performed propensity‐score matching and multivariate analysis to adjust for clinical and procedural confounders.

Results

We enrolled 511 patients in TRA group and 266 in TFA group. Both in the general population and in the propensity‐matched population, the incidence of MACCE was comparable in TRA vs. TFA patients (3.5 vs. 3.4% and 4.4 vs. 2.6%, respectively; P = ns). On the contrary, we observed a higher incidence of TIMI bleedings in TFA vs. TRA patients (5.6 vs. 2.2% in the general population and 6.6 vs. 1.3% in the propensity‐matched population; P < 0.05); this difference was mainly driven by TIMI major bleedings. TFA was an independent predictor of bleeding at multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

In pPCI the rate of TIMI major bleedings was higher in TFA with closure by FemoSeal™ as compared to TRA, whereas the rates of minor bleedings and of MACCE were similar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.