bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic indicators of esophageal speech
Authors: Dabul Barbara , Lovestedt Lucille
Published: February 2007

Investigation was made of personal characteristics correlated with effective esophageal speech. A test battery and questionnaire were administered to 30 laryngectomees. Ss were dichotomized into “good” and “poor” speakers by judgments of taped speech samples. The performances of these two groups on the tests were compared by application of t tests. Mean scores of the two groups were statistically different on three measures: SRA Nonverbal Test, Space Visualization Test, and Lip Movement Test (diadochokinetic rate). A Predictive Test Battery was recommended for use in therapy, based on these findings.
The effect of estradiol and progesterone on various gynecological tissues in culture
Authors: Mills J. , Bishun N. , Raven R. , Williams D.
Published: February 2007

Using a simple standardized tissue culture technique, the effect of estradiol and progesterone on cell growth of various gynecological tissues in culture was assessed. The assessment was carried out in order to establish a semiquantitative method for predicting the hormone responsiveness of these tissues. Estradiol showed positive responses (stimulated growth) in the majority of endometrial and curretting explants, but had no effect on the malignant tumors. Progesterone stimulated the majority of endometrial explants, some of the currettings, and only a few of the tumor explants. These results agree with published data obtained by utilizing other methods for assessment of cell growth.
Healing of lined and unlined parasitic and nonparasitic flaps
Authors: Whitaker Linton A. , Graham William P.
Published: February 2007

The importance of lining and maintaining a continuing in‐continuity blood supply has been emphasized for optimum healing and decreasing the amount of contracture following full‐thickness cheek resection. An experimental model has been designed to test this hypothesis. Twelve squirrel monkeys were used with carefully measured forehead flaps cut and placed into cheek defects of the same size. The flaps and defects were tattooed and cut as squares 1.5 cm on each side. In six, a full‐thickness cheek defect was created leaving the forehead flap unlined when placed in the defect. In the remaining six a mucosal surface was retained leaving a lined flap following setting it into the cheek defect. At 3 weeks, three of the lined and three unlined flaps were divided creating parasitic flaps. Three lined and three unlined flaps were not divided, remaining as nonparasitic flaps. Healing characteristics were observed and measurements of total perimeter, external surface area, and tracings of the flaps were made at 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. Results in the models utilized do not verify any difference in the quality of healing or amount of contracture.
Pseudomalignant disorders: A review
Authors: Marcus Peter B.
Published: February 2007

Certain benign disorders are easily misinterpreted on histological examination as being malignant and thus often present quite a taxing challenge to the surgical pathologist. Such entities are being recognized and described with increasing frequency and more reliable histologic diagnostic criteria are being formulated in many instances. The purpose of this review is to list the most outstanding and especially the more recently discovered examples of these states and to draw attention to features of known diagnostic value. A list of selected references is provided.
Retinoblastoma: An epidemiological study (survey and review)
Authors: Pawlak Barbara R.
Published: February 2007

An epidemiological study of retinoblastoma patients from Buffalo, New York, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was conducted at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in 1974. Several important differences were uncovered as a result of this study. Patients in Buffalo with bilateral retinoblastoma were diagnosed most often within the first year of life and those with unilateral retinoblastoma after about 24 months of age. This difference in diagnostic age between the two forms of retinoblastoma is not demonstrated by the patients from Rio de Janeiro. Most of the Rio de Janeiro patients are 24 months or older before either type of retinoblastoma is diagnosed. By this time the disease has usually extended beyond the eyeball, and orbital exenteration is deemed necessary. Because the patients in Rio de Janeiro are diagnosed at an older age, these patients have a shorter length of survival and higher mortality as compared to the patients in Buffalo. Additional differences that were derived from this study will require further research for verification.
Restoration of immunocompetency by lymphocyte transfusion
Authors: Roth Jack A. , Silverstein Melvin J. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

A female patient with metastatic osteosarcoma was given a lymphocyte transfusion from her brother, cured of the same histologic type of tumor ten years earlier. Prior to the transfusion the patient was anergic. Following lymphocyte transfer cutaneous reactivity to DNCB was restored. Skin reactivity to mumps and varidase antigens was specifically transferred. Whole lymphocyte transfer is a feasible method for restoring immune competence in the anergic cancer patient.
The effect of intact and lysed leukocytes on murine tumor growth and host survival
Authors: Greco Ralph S. , Storer Edward H.
Published: February 2007

The inhibitory effect of sensitized lymph‐node cells on transplanted tumor growth in the mouse is well documented. The efficacy of peripheral lymphocytes is disputed. Lysed lymphocyte extracts (“transfer factor”), although effective in transferring several types of delayed hypersensitivity in man, have had equivocal results in animals, particularly in tumor immunity.

Fifty 129SV mice were sensitized over 1 month with multiple injections of a transplantable tumor that had arisen in the strain as a spontaneous testicular teratoma. These lymphocyte donor mice were sacrificed and lymphocytes pooled. Half of the lymphocytes were given intact to the 25 mice of experimental group A. Remaining lymphocytes were lysed and given to the 25 mice of group B. The control group C of 25 mice received intact lymphocytes from unsensitized donors. All mice were then challenged with 106 tumor cells subcutaneously.

Two weeks after challenge no animals in the treated groups (A and B) had palpable tumors, whereas 32% in the control group C had palpable tumors. After 3 weeks 25% of group A, 42% of group B, and 63% of group C had tumors. Tumors ultimately grew in 60% of group A, 76% of group B, and 88% of group C.

The effect of treatment on rate of tumor growth after appearance was variable, showing inhibition in some and enhancement in others. The ability of intact, sensitized lymphocytes and lymphocyte extracts to confer relative tumor immunity was demonstrated.
Simultaneous determination of plasma and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen levels
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Holyoke E. D. , Chu T. M.
Published: February 2007

The results of simultaneous plasma and urinary CEA levels in 14 patients are described. The aim was to determine whether urinary CEA derived from plasma or arose independently in the urinary tract. The method of reductio ad absurdum is followed. It is assumed that CEA in the urine is derived from plasma, and CEA clearance values for each patient are calculated. These varied widely from zero to a theoretical infinity. On this basis and from previous experimental evidence, it is concluded that urine is independent of plasma CEA. The finding, however, in some individuals of “anti‐CEA” ‐like factor(s) distorting urinary CEA determinations makes for some reservations about the safety of the conclusion. It is, however, certain that with the presently available technology, present urinary and plasma CEA values cannot be correlated.
Immunological status as a criterion for operability of genitourinary cancers
Authors: Allison Ronald C. , Leadbetter Guy W.
Published: February 2007

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction of 116 consecutive cases of urologic cancers were studied by skin tests. Ninety‐one percent of those who were operable or free of diseases at least six months had positive skin reaction. All patients with inoperable or recurrent bladder, kidney, or testis tumor had negative skin reaction. All patients with operable prostatic cancer and 52% of those with inoperable prostatic cancer had positive skin reaction. Skin testing could provide useful data regarding the extent of tumor and Operability. It is proposed that skin testing be included in routine preoperative evaluation of uroiogic cancers.
Secretion analysis: Secretin testing in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dreiling David A.
Published: February 2007

Modern testing of pancreatic funtion and the diagnosis of pancreatic disease is facilitated by the addition of augmented stimulus to the standard stimulus used in secretin testing. The combined standard‐augmented secretin test protocol enables not only diagnosis using the classical patterns of secretion (qualitative and quantitative defects), but also permits delineation of secretory capacity. In the abnormal patient, the augmented test increases the defect in the characteristic diagnostic parameter. Thus, there is fixation of flow in pancreatic cancer and fixation of bicarbonate in pancreatic inflammation.
Chemical carcinogenesis and the pancreas
Authors: Bates Richard R.
Published: February 2007

Although carcinoma of the pancreas is an increasingly prevalent form of human cancer, there has been relatively little experimental work on the etiology of this tumor until recently, probably because of the lack of adequate experimental models. However, at least two good experimental systems are now available. Several epidemiologic investigations suggest that chemical carcinogens may induce cancer of the pancreas in humans. If this is so, chemicals must reach the pancreas either through the blood supply or by reflux into the pancreatic duct from bile or duodenal contents. The route of exposure may vary according to the chemical and physical characteristics of different chemical carcinogens. Additional work is needed to determine the ability of different classes of chemicals to reach the pancreatic duct by these routes and the presence of enzymes required for activation of carcinogens in the pancreas. Levels of such enzymes as well as the response of cells of the pancreatic duct to carcinogens may be affected by the physiologic state of the pancreas or pathologic conditions within it. Research is needed to investigate these possibilities.
Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas: Pathologic aspects
Authors: Kissane John M.
Published: February 2007

This discussion is based upon 205 autopsied cases of carcinoma of the pancreas. Sixty‐six percent were male, eighty percent white, mean age 61.5 years. Fifty‐three percent of tumors occurred in the head of the pancreas. Most lesions were moderately well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. Pathologic aspects of carcinoma of the pancreas are discussed.
The relationship of histology to the spread of cancer
Authors: Viadana Enrico , Bross Irwin D. J. , Pickren John W.
Published: February 2007

This paper investigates the question of whether different types of histology at the same site can affect the spread of metastases—that is, producing a greater or fewer number of metastases depending on the histological diagnosis. Autopsy records were the source of the data analyzed in this paper.

The metastases were subdivided into four categories—central nervous metastases, endocrine metastases, metastases at various lymphatic areas, and a miscellaneous group of metastases called the “remainder” group.

It was found that adenocarcinoma and oat‐cell carcinoma of the lungs are more aggressive in their metastatic spread than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri had more widespread metastases than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. No difference at all was detectable in the number of metastases, in men or in women, between transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the bladder and kidney. Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries appeared to be less widespread than adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the same site.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung: Clinicopathological study
Authors: Marabella Patrick , Takita Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

A review of our 247 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung revealed the overall five year survival rate to be only 0.81%.

Lung resection offers the chance of cure if the lesion is peripherally located and without lymph node involvement. Direct chest wall invasion by tumor is not contraindication to surgery. Radiation therapy was not especially effective in our series. Several chemotherapeutic agents gave an overall response of 31.1%.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities and trunk: Analysis of 150 patients treated by surgical resection
Authors: Ariel Irving M. , Briceno Melchor
Published: February 2007

This report details the clinical experience of 150 patients with rhabdomyosarcomas treated by one group of surgeons. Of the 150 patients, 103 suffered from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, 40 patients had embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and 7 had alveolar cell type of rhabdomyosarcoma. The males suffered almost twice as much as the females from this form of cancer (96 males to 54 females).

The fifth decade had the highest incidence of all rhabdomyosarcomas. The younger patients generally suffered from embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and the older ones from pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, although age was no barrier to the occurrence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the older patients and pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas in some of the younger patients. Caucasians were almost exclusively afflicted by this form of cancer (93% of this series).

The lower extremity was the most frequent site of the lesion, occurring in 50.7% of the 150 cases. The upper extremity was the second most frequently involved site (28%), and the trunk was the least involved site (21.3%).

Of the 150 patients studied, 40 were considered indeterminate. Thirteen patients are alive and free of cancer, but were treated less than 5 years ago; 12 patients reported for consultation only. There were 13 who were free of sarcomas at periods in excess of 2 years but were lost to follow‐up. Two patients in this series died before the 5‐year period, and autopsy revealed the death to be due to causes other than the rhabdomyosarcoma. Of the 110 determinate patients, 75 (68%) died as a result of the cancer. The 5‐year survival rate equals 32%. The fact of the 30% 5‐year survival after treatment for recurrences should help dismiss the pessimism which prevails once a recurrence is noted subsequent to major therapy.

Age per se had no great effect on prognosis. The poorest results occurred in the 11–20 age range, with a 5‐year survival of 15%. This value reflects on increased incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas which tend to be more malignant and metastasize earlier than do the pleomorphic type.

The effect of location upon survival revealed that of 76 patients with involvement of the lower extremity, 34% survived 5 years or longer, and those with sarcomas of the trunk had the poorest survival (26%). The fact that the trunk, by virtue of its anatomy, limits the degree of surgery that can be performed, probably helps to explain this difference.

The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy awaits elucidation. Reports of combined surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are encouraging.
A clinical trial of CCNU (1‐(2 chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea) (NSC 79037) in advanced ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Truman M. , McConnell Donald B. , Moseley H. Stephens , Merhoff G. Craig , Fletcher William S.
Published: February 2007

CCNU is a useful drug in treating advanced ovarian carcinoma. Of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma 37% responded favorably to CCNU. Thrombocytopenia was the primary toxic reaction. Clinical trials are in progress to compare the relative effectiveness, the degree of cross‐resistance, and the difference in toxicity between CCNU and alkylating agents.
The accuracy of liver scanning in the detection of metastatic disease
Authors: Kilgore Eugene S. , Calabretta Arthur M. , Weidner William A. , Graham William P.
Published: February 2007

Isotopic scanning of the liver to detect hepatic metastases is a commonly used clinical tool in assessing the extent of malignant disease and the proper mode of therapy. Opinions vary widely as to the efficacy of this test.

To determine the accuracy of our scanning technique the clinical and laboratory data on 429 patients who had hepatic scans (technetium sulfur colloid) between February 1971 and May 1973 was reviewed. Of these patients, 125 had a confirmatory procedure (needle biopsy — 15, abdominal exploration — 69, autopsy — 41) done within 6 weeks of their scan. Nineteen patients who had negative scans were proven to have hepatic metastases. Fourteen patients had positive scans which could not be substantiated by one or more of the above confirming examinations. Thus the frequency of error was 25%.

Regarding other tests — alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin — no better correlation could be made with respect to the presence or absence of metastases.

From the data available on this small group of patients the liver scan is sufficiently inaccurate to preclude relying upon it for the selection of therapy in cancer patients. When the presence of hepatic metastases changes the type of therapy a confirmatory laparotomy or biopsy should be considered.
Carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Rambo V. Birch , O'Brien Paul H. , Miller M. Clinton , Stroud Martha Rohrer , Parker Edward F.
Published: February 2007

Life tables were computed from the Tumor Registry at the Medical University of South Carolina on 486 patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The 5‐yr follow‐up was available in only 394 patients, or 81% of the total sample. For purposes of comparison with published literature, the traditional crude 5‐yr survival percentages in the life‐table analyses figures are presented. The life‐table calculation utilizes all follow‐up information available, in that patients observed for less than 5 yr still may contribute to the estimate of the true 5‐yr survival rate in contrast to the past when all patients lost to follow‐up were presumed to have died. In this method, patients not observed for the full time of the study are assumed to have had the same risk of dying as patients followed to the end of the fifth year experienced in their fifth‐year analyses. The group with the most favorable prognosis in this series was that receiving preoperative irradiation. This operation. They were given 4,500 rads of supervoltage X ray over a period of 3 weeks prior to operation. The differences in surgical or radiation techniques employed by various reporters make comparative data difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate. Supervoltage irradiation has proved itself in some hands equal to surgery. A randomized prospective study would seem appropriate to conclude the best means of managing epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus.
Further studies on a transmissible entity in relation to the control of cancer in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry
Published: February 2007

Tumor‐bearing mice of the C3H/ST inbreds were used in this investigation. Of the 598 mice, 290 were controls, 248 received injections of 5‐methyl cytidine dissolved in physiological salt solution, and 60 received injections of three nucleosides — adenosine, 6‐methyl adenosine, and 5‐methyl cytidine ‐ also dissolved in physiological salt solution. The mice were divided into 6 groups based upon the number of generations of descent from a mouse injected with an alcohol‐soluble liver extract. The criterion of tumor growth is the average increment of growth at the 20th observation period in the 7th week (3 per week). There is a cumulative inhibition of tumor growth, compared with controls, when 5‐methyl cytidine is added to the effect of a transmissible entity which occurs in the lineal descendants of a tumor‐bearing mouse injected with an alcohol‐soluble liver extract and when the combination of three nucleosides in the same ratio of molar concentrations as in the liver extract is added to the effect of the transmissible entity.
A predictive test for the selection of cancer chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancer
Authors: Wright Jane C. , Walker Dorothy
Published: February 2007

The use of animals for the screening of chemotherapeutic agents effective against cancer is not always satisfactory. In addition to the problems of cost, space, and care, the results obtained by animal screening do not always parallel those obtained by the clinical use of the agents.

With the advent of more refined in vitro technics which can be applied directly to the patient's own tumor tissue, additional information may permit a more critical evaluation of the laboratory findings. The critical index of sensitivity probably lies in the combined evaluation of biochemical analysis and observed morphological damage.

From this investigation it would appear that tissue culture of human tumors may serve as a valuable adjunctive method for the screening of chemicals in order to find drugs valuable in the treatment of cancer in man and to serve as a method in the selection of the most effective therapeutic agent for a given tumor in a given patient.
Vagotomy—a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Bombeck C. T. , Condon R. E. , Nyhus L. M.
Published: February 2007

This is a report of a prospective randomized study of 3 operations for duodenal ulcer; parietal‐cell vagotomy alone (without drainage), selective vagotomy with antrectomy, and truncal vagotomy with antrectomy. AH patients in the study have been followed for a minimum of 1 yr and despite the small number of patients (total 23 in the report), there has been a statistically significant return of gastric secretory activity to preoperative levels in the parietal cell vagotomy group, while both other groups maintained decreased acid secretion at the 1‐yr period. To date there has been one recurrent ulcer and one other suspected ulcer in the parietal cell vagotomy group, while both other groups have no ulcer recurrence even though morbidity has been higher (bile reflux gastritis, and so forth). This preliminary evaluation suggests strongly that extreme caution be used in applying parietal‐cell vagotomy alone as a definitive for duodenal ulcer, but because of the small number of patients involved no conclusions can be drawn at this time.
Phase I studies of porfiromycin (NSC—56410) in solid tumors
Authors: Grage Theodor B. , Weiss Arthur J. , Wilson William , Reynolds Vernon
Published: February 2007

Porfiromycin was given to a group of patients with a variety of solid tumors. Of 114 patients admitted to the study, 103 yielded evaluable data. The following dosage schedules were used to determine the toxicity of porfiromycin when given in multiple doses by intravenous injection: 0.2 mg/kg × 5 days, 0.3 mg/kg × 5 days, 0.35 mg/kg × 5 days, 0.4 mg/kg × 5 days, 0.24 mg/kg × 10 days and 0.6 mg/kg weekly. Toxic effects noted were mainly leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and, when injected paravenously, local tissue necrosis. Biological effects were noted at all dosage levels and were more severe at the higher dosages. The data suggest that profiromycin administered intravenously at a dose of 0.35 mg/kg daily for 5 days results in moderate hermatological toxicity and clinical evaluation in a Phase II study at this dosage level is indicated.
Experience in the surgical treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland
Authors: Molina J. E. , Stehling L. C. , Zauder H. L. , Aust J. B. , Cruz A. B.
Published: February 2007

Over a 7‐yr period from January 1967 to January 1974, 141 patients underwent thyroid surgery for various pathology at the Bexar County Hospital‐University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio. Of these, 113 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for benign diseases, including 28 of thyrotoxic patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy as definitive treatment. In this group of patients special interest and emphasis was placed in the preoperative and intraoperative management of the difficult and complicated hyperthyroid patient. Preoperative treatment was accomplished by the utilization of multiple drug combinations—including antithyroid drugs, adrenergic blocking agents, and iodine—which resulted in a significant decrease in preparation time for surgery. Furthermore, this short intensive preoperative management of complicated hyperthyroid patients allowed satisfactory correction of their problems with little or no morbidity which otherwise would have been extremely difficult if not impossible to resolve.

At operation, 28 patients were diagnosed to have malignant disease; 23 underwent total thyroidectomy and the other 5 had subtotal thyroidectomy. In addition to total or subtotal thyroidectomy, 23 patients had either classical or modified radical neck dissection including 9 patients who had bilateral neck dissection. The various surgical techniques utilized, the rationale for rapid preoperative preparation of complicated hyperthyroid patients, morbidity, and long‐term follow‐up are discussed.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Raynor A. Clark , Sowden David
Published: February 2007

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent and unusual malignancy. Since its description 15 years ago, many new features have developed. Many biologically active compounds which are directly related to the different symptoms of the disease have been recovered from the tumors. A familial incidence is noted, and there is an increased association with other tumors and their behavior. The cell of origin is the parafollicular cell, which secretes calcitonin and is responsible for the unusual behavior of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Treatment is primarily surgical. Four cases are presented and the syndrome reviewed.
Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma with a new chlorambucil ester of prednisolone (Leo 1031) (NSC‐134087)
Authors: Aungst C. William , Mittelman Arnold , Murphy Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

A new chlorambucil ester of prednisolone (LEO 1031) has been evaluated in patients with advanced lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All 11 patients had been previously treated with radiotherapy and/or combination chemotherapy. Three complete remissions and one partial remission were seen in 4/7 lymphocytic lymphosarcoma patients treated with LEO 1031. In the chronic lymphocytic leukemia group, 3/4 have had benefit. This new drug is considered worthy of further trial.
Migration inhibition test in lung cancer patients
Authors: Marabella Patrick C. , Elias Linda L. , Takita Hiroshi , Minowada Jun
Published: February 2007

Twenty patients with primary carcinoma of the lung were tested with migration inhibition test, using extract of cultured lung carcinoma of large cell type, Eight of 10 patients with localized disease had positive inhibition, while all 10 of the patients with disseminated disease had negative inhibition (x2, p < 0.005).

Two cases of large cell carcinoma (localized) showed extremely positive inhibition which may suggest the presence of cell type specific lung carcinoma antigen.
Fluorescence microscopy in tumors of central nervous system: A method of recognizing malignancy with acridine orange
Authors: Banerjee Timir , Yashon David
Published: February 2007

Tumors of the central nervous system were stained with acridine orange. Photographs were taken during observation through ultraviolet light. Cellular detail was not recognizable but malignant tumors fluoresced more than benign tumors.
Ovarian cancer presenting as umbilical hernia
Authors: Millar Roger C. , Geelhoed Glenn W. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Six patients are reported whose presenting symptom was umbilical herniation. Upon exploration of the umbilicus with the intent to repair the hernia, ovarian cancer and malignant ascites were encountered in each individual.

Cancer at the umbilicus, both metastatic and primary, is briefly discussed. The appearance of an acquired umbilical hernia in an otherwise asymptomatic patient should raise the suspicion of intraabdominal malignancy.
Oxygen consumption by acrylamide polymerization: A method for rapid screening of anticancer agents
Authors: Tapper David , Johnson Richard , Folkman Judah
Published: February 2007

We have developed a rapid and sensitive method to measure oxygen consumption of tumor cells by acrylamide polymerization. This method could be used as an in vitro screen for potential chemotherapeutic‐agents. Previous techniques have lacked either the sensitivity or the speed required for use as an effective clinical tool. This method was modified from a technique previously developed in our laboratory for measuring oxygen in blood. Standard anticancer agents were tested against Walker 256 ascites tumor. Ascites was harvested from 20 rats on each of 50 days, incubated briefly with drugs, and acrylamide polymerization time was measured hourly. Individual controls were established for each drug‐treated group, and oxygen uptake measured after one hour of incubation. Actinomycin, cyclohexamide, and cytosine arabinoside inhibited tumor cell oxygen consumption by 80%, 40%, and 30%, respectively. These results correlated with the known in vivo effects of these drugs on Walker carcinosarcoma. Therefore, this sensitive method could potentially be used directly on tumor cells removed from biopsy material so that the testing of anticancer drugs could be completed on the day of biopsy.
Chemotherapy of a murine neuroblastoma model
Authors: Murphy Gerald P. , Williams Phyllis , Keogh Brian
Published: February 2007

The C1300 murine neuroblastoma model can be readily maintained by serial passage in A/J mice. Characteristics of the tumor, such as weight of the primary lesion, days of survival after tumor inoculation, or the number of metastatic foci at death, are relatively reproducible and permit experimental evaluation of various modes of treatment, including chemotherapy, that are not possible in man. In the present study, single‐dose adriamycin chemotherapy was of significant benefit Multiple dose treatment was too toxic and lethal. Cytosine arabinoside in various doses was without detectable merit. These results, from an animal model, are of benefit in evaluating further possible drug combinations in ongoing clinical trials seeking to improve the results from chemotherapy in children with advanced neuroblastoma.
An inverse dose response of 5‐methyl cytidine on multiple primary spontaneous tumors and their regressions in mice
Authors: Strong Leonell C. , Matsunaga Henry
Published: February 2007

Ten series mice of C3H/ST inbreds with spontaneous tumors have received 5‐methyl cytidine (total 500 mice). Graded single doses of (1) 3.86, (2) 2.57, (3) 2.06, (4) 1.54, (5) 1.03, (6) 1.54, (7) 1.03, (8) 0.51, (9) 0.26, and (10) 0.13 mg/injection (three times weekly) were used. In series 1–5 the 5‐methyl cytidine was dissolved in distilled water, and in series 6–10, the nucleoside was dissolved in physiological salt solution. In doses administered, series 4–5 overlapped with series 6–7.

The number of mice that showed a regression of tumor increased in the successive series (48%–63% in series 1–5 and 25%–73% in series 6–10). As the number of mice with regressing tumors increased, the percentage of mice showing multiple primary tumors also increased. The administration of the nucleoside in physiological salt solution altered the inhibitory effect of 5‐methyl cytidine on spontaneous tumors. For example, in physiological salt solution the 0.51 mg/injection gave as much inhibitory action as 1.03 mg/injection in distilled water. An inverse dose response is thus indicated between the amount of 5‐methyl cytidine injected and the inhibition of spontaneous tumors in mice (percentage of regression and number of multiple primary spontaneous tumors are the criteria of inhibition considered).
Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Barbee Charles L. , Demello Fernando B. , Grage Theodor B.
Published: February 2007

Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma comprise the majority of the true neoplastic cysts of the pancreas. Five cystadenomas and two cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas were found in a review of the clinical records of the University of Minnesota Hospitals and the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital. The report of these cases serves to review the clinical and pathological features of these neoplasms. These rare neoplastic cysts occur predominantly in women and are not associated with a history of trauma, alcoholism, or pancreatitis. They produce symptoms by compression of neighboring organs and are slow growing, often attaining large size. With complete excision the results of surgical treatment are usually good.
Desmoid tumor associated with cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast
Authors: Abadir Rushdy
Published: February 2007

A case of desmoid tumor of 17 years' duration associated with cystosarcoma phyllodes of 17 months' duration is presented. Good initial response to radiation therapy of the desmoid tumor was shown. Poor response of cystosarcoma phyllodes to radiation therapy was noted. A comparison between the similarities and differences of the two tumors is presented.
Impaired cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients with cancer
Authors: Suciu‐Foca Nicole , Buda Joseph A. , Herter Frederic , Molinaro Anthony , Broell John , Reemtsma Keith
Published: February 2007

We have investigated the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 cancer patients and from 54 normal controls to exert cytotoxic activity in vitro on allogeneic target cells by using a residual tritiated proline assay. Phytohemagglutin was added to the cultures for potentiating the reaction. The cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes from cancer patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. Increased survival of target cells was found in numerous reactions with patients' lymphocytes, probably reflecting a “feeder” effect. The source of plasma used for testing, i.e., autologous or pooled normal homologous plasma, did not affect the strength of cytotoxicity reactions displayed by lymphocytes from either normal or cancer patients. A lower reactivity was generally seen in patients with metastatic disease than in patients with no evidence of distant spread.
Splenectomy or radiation and splenectomy for hypersplenism in lymphosarcoma
Authors: Shukla Satish K. , Evans James T. , Mittelman Arnold
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study of 14 patients with lymphosarcoma with hypersplenism. Eight patients received radiation to the spleen followed by splenectomy for recurrence of hypersplenism. Six patients underwent primary splenectomy for hypersplenism.

Radiation decreases the size of the spleen but recurrence of hypersplenism is seen in an average of 8 mo. Splenectomy in these cases improves the hematological picture. Average postsplenectomy survival is 27.6 mo.

Splenectomy alone in hypersplenism also improves the hematological picture. Postsplenectomy survival in this group is 13 mo.

One case of primary lymphosarcoma of the spleen is reported.
Reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum and macroglobulinemia: A case report
Authors: Levy Mitchell , Stone Alex M. , Platt Norbert
Published: February 2007

A case report is presented of an 81‐yr old male who developed a reticulum cell sarcoma of the cecum while on immunosuppressive therapy for 13 yr for a primary diagnosis of macroglobulinemia. The considerable overlap between immunoproliferative disorders and the increased incidence of malignancies in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy are discussed.
Analysis of variance and covariance for colorectal adenocarcinomas in man as a logical prelude to “staging”
Authors: Watson Francis R. , Spratt John S. , Leduc Richard J.
Published: February 2007

This study reports initial experience at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital (EFSCH), Columbia, Missouri, with the analysis of variance and covariance as applied to the ability to predict the lethality associated with colorectat neoplasms as influenced by tumor, host, and treatment variables considered individually and as multivariate clusters.

The application of the methods to the clinical setting is based on the fact that each patient has one survival time. However, in the mathematical sense, each patient is composed of many different variables interacting simultaneously in highly complex ways to determine this uniqueness.

The feasibility of determining the prognostic score or weight of many variables is illustrated. The combinatory effect of these scores can provide prognostic scores for clusters of variables providing a tool of much greater specificity than is provided by traditional staging systems such as the TNM.
Tritiated thymidine labeling index of benign and malignant human breast epithelium
Authors: Meyer John S. , Bauer Walter C.
Published: February 2007

38 specimens of benign breast tissue from young women and 92 primary breast carcinomas were evaluated for tritiated thymidine ([3H] TdR) labeling index (TLI) by in vitro pulse labeling. The TLI on non‐neoplastic, terminal breast ducts was significantly higher during the latter half than during the first half of the menstrual cycle (P < 0.001), and a geometric mean TLI of 1.5 during the latter half of the cycle is consistent with approximately 47% turnover of these cells during the menstrual cycle. Ducts of fibroadenomas showed similar menstrual variation TLI. The range of TLI observed in the carcinomas was 0.04‐18.6, arithmetic mean 3.7, geometric mean 2.1. The TLI of carcinomas was not significantly correlated with size of the tumor, but tended to be higher in women less than 50 yr old than in women older than 50 yr (P < 0.05), and in the presence of two or more metastatic axillary lymph nodes than when fewer than two nodes were involved (P < 0.02).
Immunocompetence and spontaneous regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Boasberg Peter D. , Eilber Frederick R. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Spontaneous remission of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma was correlated with a positive response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). When first seen, the patient was DNCB negative and a chest radiograph showed nodular densities in the right lung and left midlung. Six months after sensitization, the patient had a positive response to DNCB and no evidence of lung metastases. Three mo later, the patient developed brain metastases although X‐ray examination showed no pulmonary nodules. A diminished response to DNCB was noted over the next several months and chest X ray verified the return of pulmonary metastases.
Possible factors in remote metastases in female breast cancer
Authors: Shanta V. , Krishnamurthi S.
Published: February 2007

The association of metastases (M) with age of patient, stage of disease, the gross and microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor, its physical location, the postradiational status of the breast, the extent and level of histological nodal involvement, the type of surgery practiced, and the host's biological environment are analysed.

The authors conclude that the critical factor in systemic dissemination in female breast cancer is the extent and level of metastatic nodal involvement. Though the association between stage of disease, character of tumor (T), and histology are significant, the crucial factor seems to be the nodal involvement. Systemic metastases are significantly higher in inner quadrant tumors. Possible methods of circumventing this dissemination are discussed.
Carcinoma distantly metastatic at diagnosis: Improvement in survival, 1945‐1974
Authors: Holmes Frederick F. , Olson Suzanne , Lash Chip , Henry J. Mitchell
Published: February 2007

Survival rates for 3,842 Kansas and Missouri patients with carcinoma metastatic at diagnosis who were registered between the years 1945 and 1974 were examined. While there was no improvement in survival comparing the 1945‐1954 and 1955‐1964 decades, there was significant recent improvement in survival when the 1,805 patients diagnosed from 1945 to 1964 were compared to 2,037 patients diagnosed from 1965 to 1974. It was concluded that even in this particularly unfavorable presentation of cancer, there has been definite improvement in survival in the past decade.
Diffusion chamber hematopoiesis in marrow and spleen cells from mice infected with rauscher leukemia virus (RLV‐A)
Authors: Koltun Leonard A. , Lobue Joseph , Fredrickson Torgny N. , Gordon Albert S.
Published: February 2007

Preleukemic and terminal phase marrow cells from RLV‐A‐infected mice placed within diffusion chambers and implanted into normal mice, maintained elevated levels of both erythroid and myeloid precursor cells, whereas normal control marrow cells grown within diffusion chambers in normal hosts did not. Splenic tissue from preleukemic and terminal mice when placed as a cellular suspension into diffusion chambers and implanted into normal recipients also maintained high erythroblast numbers. However, while some transient growth of myeloid precursor elements occurred in preleukemic spleen cultures, terminal spleen cultures displayed essentially no granulocytic precursor cell growth. In control spleen cultures, erythropoiesis and granulocytic precursor cell numbers were reduced to non‐detectable levels after 4 days of culture.
Exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in children
Authors: Kolygin B. A. , Fedoreev G. A.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐three children with histologically proved Hodgkin's disease underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy and biopsy of lumbar lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. In 13 patients (39%) the lesion of spleen and/or splenic hilar lymph nodes was diagnosed. The involvement of spleen was mostly found in patients with mixed cellularity type, in the presence of systemic symptoms (“B”), and in the biological stage “b.” Involvement of the liver was found in 1 patient, of the hepatic hilar lymph nodes in 3 patients, and of the bone marrow in 4 patients. The lymphographic and histologic data as regards lumbar lymph nodes coincided in 65% of cases. After operation the stage of the disease was changed in 48% patients. The early and late complications were not numerous.
Adenocarcinoma‐associated antigen: Enhancement of tumor growth with serum from animals bearing adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hakim Anwar A.
Published: February 2007

Why do tumors continue to grow in the presence of cell‐mediated immune reactions? When inoculated subcutaneously, 105 viable spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma cells produced solid tumors that progressively proliferated and eventually kilted all the recipient mice. During the first 10 days after inoculation, the mice developed antibody titers, and the serum acquired toxic activity against the tumor cells. As the tumor gained in size these two activities ceased. Serum of normal mice had no effect on the tumor; the serum of mice immunized with an adenocarcinoma‐associated antigen (a glycoprotein) inhibited growth, but that of mice with progressive tumors enhanced proliferation of the tumors.
Patterns of serial CEA assays and their clinical use in management of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Skarin Arthur T. , Zamcheck Norman
Published: February 2007

Through persistent clinical research efforts, the CEA test has developed into a useful although complex disease monitor for colorectal cancer. Although improved or prolonged survival from its use has not been demonstrated, CEA monitoring may allow more knowledgeable patient management. Several reports indicate that postoperative serial CEA assays may identify patients with early recurrence, especially when assays are done frequently. Patients with elevated pretreatment CEA levels usually showed progressively rising titers before other objective evidence of recurrence was apparent. A progressively rising CEA titer correlated well with recurrent cancer, but a normal CEA could not be used as proof of its absence. Persistently elevated CEA titers post‐treatment were caused either by persistent disease or by nontumor‐related factors. The CEA assay was not a substitute for clinical follow‐up but was an adjunct in the diagnosis of early recurrence.

Patients with elevated CEA levels caused by localized disease treated by radiation therapy demonstrated a marked fall in serial CEA levels if all CEA‐producing tumor was localized within the radiation portal. The use of pretreatment CEA values plus the pattern of CEA response to irradiation may help in the selection of fulguration versus abdominoperineal resection as primary treatment for rectal cancer. Persistently low serial CEA titers after irradiation therapy correlated with disease control.

The use of frequent serial CEA assays in patients treated with chemotherapy compared well with other parameters as a monitor of disease progression or regression. When used with other clinical parameters, serial CEA trends appeared to be a useful adjunct in assessing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. A fall in circulating CEA or the stabilization of a rising titer after starting chemotherapy usually indicated an effective regimen, whereas a rising CEA titer may signal the need to initiate or to change chemotherapy.
Some factors involved in the skin flap delay phenomenon
Authors: O'neill John V. , Toomey James M. , Snyder G. Gordon
Published: February 2007

The use of skin flaps for reconstruction following extensive ablative surgery in the head and neck area has played a major role in the improvement of the results being attained. Using the pig as an experimental animal various factors of flap orientation, skin incisions and flap undermining were investigated.

Results confirmed the ineffectiveness of incision alone as a delay maneurver and suggested that anatomical orientation of cutaneous skin flaps was not of crucial significance. The complete mechanism of the positive effects of delay remains undefined.
Recent progress in chemotherapy and immunotherapy of sarcomas of bony origin, both as primary and adjunctive therapy
Authors: Copeland Murray M.
Published: February 2007

Treatment for primary malignant tumors of bone, in the past several decades, has yielded uniformly poor results. Recent progress in chemotherapy and immunotherapy are detailed. An important advance in treating osteogenic sarcoma has been the application of adjuvant chemotherapy after initial amputation. CONPADRI‐I and COMPADRI‐II chemotherapy (a multiple drug approach) is discussed. Adriamycin in combination or alone has proved effective in treating osteogenic sarcoma. Ewing's tumor is showing increased survival rates from radiation therapy alone, as well as by use of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy combined with local radiation. Adjuvant triple chemotherapy with radiotherapy has resulted in pronounced improvement in survival. Chondrosarcomas are largely chemotherapy‐resistant. Immunotherapy in bone tumors still is in the experimental stage and investigations with immunotherapy are preliminary. It appears, however, that the immunological status of a patient definitely relates to prognosis. Through increased sophistication in specific chemotherapy and magnitude of treatment, further advances in treatment of primary malignant bone tumors may be expected.
The influence of nonspecific immunotherapy on the course of Murine Melanoma
Authors: Woods John E. , Ritts R. E.
Published: February 2007

BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, vitamin A, and levamisole were continuously administered to C57 BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma prior to, with, and following tumor implantation as well as before and coincident with surgical excision of the implanted tumor. Only the group given levamisole prophylactically for 8 weeks before tumor inplantation showed a significant difference from control mice but a tenfold increase in dosage in this drug did not exert a comparable effect.