bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF CURRENT CIRCUITS FAULT FOR DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT PROTECTION
Authors: Loman M. S. , Kachenya V. S.
Published: July 2018

False operation of the differential current protection leads to tripping of the most important electrical power objects. Fault of current transformer’s secondary circuits is one of the most often cause of false operation of the differential current protection. Early determination of this malfunction increases the reliability of the differential current protection and reduces the number of false trips. In the present article the methods of secondary open circuit determining for the differential protection are described. Some of the methods react instantly to the malfunction of secondary current circuits, and the other part identifies fault after a certain time delay. Each of considered methods has its advantages and disadvantages. A new method for determination secondary open current circuits based on the analysis of increments of the RMS values of differential and braking currents has been proposed. In this case, increments are calculated for half the period of the industrial frequency, which provides quick fault determining. The use of the sum and the difference between the increments of the brake and differential currents makes it possible to determine the open circuits in the most sensitive way. The method can be adapted to work with any type of differential protection, including transformer protection. The evaluation of the increment of the RMS current value is performed taking into account the transient process in the Fourier filter. With the aid of a computational experiment, the error limit of such an estimate is determined. The block diagram of algorithm of determination of open circuits on the basis of the analysis of increments of the acting values of brake and differential currents is presented; the principle of its functioning is described. The parameters of operation are determined. The limits of sensitivity of the method are determined, too. The time characteristics of the algorithm have been determined by the method of computational experiment with the of the MatLab Simulink simulation environment.
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A HOLLOW PERFORATED ROTOR
Authors: Annenkov A. N. , Sizikov S. V. , Shiyanov A. I.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents a brief analysis of the conducted researches of the asynchronous executive motors and the induction motor, as well as the design of the asynchronous executive motor with a hollow perforated rotor. The basic relationships for determining the geometry of the rotor that directly influences the energy performance of the electric machine are also presented. The calculations to determine the geometry of the windows, located within a part of the active length of the stator package in the zone adjacent to the solid frontal area of the surface of the barrel from the side of its end face that is opposite to the bottom of the rotor barrel. In an asynchronous motor with a hollow perforated rotor improvement of energy performance (increase of maximum torque, efficiency and cosj of the engine) is achieved. These advantages are provided by the fact that the windows in the hollow rotor barrel are located within the part of the active length of the stator package in the zone adjacent to the solid frontal section of the rotor barrel surface on its end face that is opposite to the bottom of the barrel. In accordance with the design of the hollow rotor, the bottom of the barrel of one of the ends acts as superconducting short-circulating ring, therefore the ratio of increase in resistance (caused by the transverse edge effect) depends on the distribution of the rotor currents in the area adjacent to the solid frontal portion of the surface of the barrel on end that is opposite to the bottom of the barrel. In the analysis of current density distribution in a hollow rotor with the axial length L', all electric constant and geometric dimensions that are taken into account in the calculation are known values. Arbitrarily set constants are the primary currents and the rotational frequency of the rotor. With the rotation speed increase, due to the presence of the windows on one end face of the rotor and to the impact of the bottom of the barrel on the other one, the elementary currents of the rotor within the active length of the machine boring would be directed mainly in the axial direction, including the cases of comparatively small slippage that corresponds to the small frequency of the alternating magnetization of the rotor material. I. e. a certain part of the active surface of the rotor on the end that is opposite to the bottom of its barrel would not function as the frontal part of the winding while reducing the frequency of currents in the rotor material. This provides an increase in the active component of the rotor current that is proportional to the electromagnetic torque of the motor. Correspondingly, the frontal parts of equivalent winding of the hollow rotor (through which the currents do not generate torque) would not be spread at high rotational speeds to the area of the active length of the machine.
SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN MODERN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Osipov S. N. , Zakharenko A. V. , Danilevskii S. A.
Published: July 2018

Over the past 20 years there have been significant changes in the customer requirements for housing in the countries of the former USSR. Besides, new materials and construction products, such as the ones for sealed windows and balcony doors have appeared in the market. The number of vacant flats with the heating off in the winter significantly increased that may cause condensation on the surfaces of interroom partitions and the formation of mold. Meanwhile, the requirements for lower energy consumption are constantly increasing, that is especially pronouncedly manifested in the growth of normative values of thermal resistance of enclosing structures of buildings and in the increased interest in the use of secondary energy resources extracted from the air and effluent wastewater. The present article describes the method to prevent moisture condensation on the fencing of adjacent premises with different temperatures containing heating systems and the use of waste heat removed from the room exhaust air. For quick emergency switching of in-house systems of heat and gas supply to outdoor mobile sources of heat and gas it is recommended to install special taps with connectors insulated in special niches in the walls or other parts of buildings considering the possibility of placing them close to the outer mobile sources of heat and gas. In the case of heating the building with the aid of a roof gas boiler or by doorto-door heaters fueled by gas, a single pipeline (collector), equipped with an additional device for the connection of emergency gas supply is being put along the wall. In order to reduce specific heat consumption for heating of buildings it is recommended to increase the net enclosure volume of buildings and to improve their form in various ways, including by combining two or more adjacent low-rise buildings in one secondary building with increasing height and with the broadening of either or each side for modernization and reconstruction. The dimensions of the reconstructed building are accepted as the maximum possible, and their proportions (in any number of merged buildings) – as providing tend of shapes to spherical or equicylindrical, or cubic – in any combination.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING A VORTEX HEAT GENERATOR IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Authors: Iokova I. L. , Tarasevich E. N.
Published: July 2018

In a number of foreign countries, vortex heat generators have become widespread in decentralized heat supply systems. For Belarus, vortex heat generators are quite new sources of heat supply. The article considers the possibility of using vortex heat generators for heat supply systems for residential, public and industrial buildings. Vortex heat generators are based on the principle of cavitation in a turbulent water flow. For many devices cavitation is not desirable, but in a vortex heat generator it is used as a favorable phenomenon. The authors carried out a series of full-scale experiments to determine the efficiency of the “VTG-2.2” vortex heat generator when different operating modes were applied. The performance of the vortex heat generator can be estimated by the energy conversion factor. Energy conversion factor is the ratio of the amount of thermal energy that a vortex heat generator generates to the amount of electrical energy consumed. Experiments conducted in a number of research organizations (including the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and MPEI) have demonstrated that energy conversion factor can exceed 1. The authors conducted experimental tests with the use of an experimental installation simulating a heat supply system. According to the obtained experimental data, the energy conversion coefficients for each mode were calculated. The constructed graphical dependencies clearly demonstrate that, with increasing rotational speed of the vortex heat generator, the efficiency of its use increases. The highest energy conversion factor value was 61.1 % with a rotation frequency of 40 Hz. It was also found that with increasing the rotational speed of the vortex heat generator, a significant increase in noise and vibration occurs.
Energetic Factors of a Frequency-Controlled Synchronous Electric Drive
Authors: Firago B. I. , Aleksandrovsky S. V.
Published: July 2018

As compared to asynchronous frequency-controlled electric drives, synchronous drives are characterized by lower power losses, rigid mechanical characteristics without speed feedback and by the simplest law of frequency control (when the voltage changes proportionally to the frequency). An analytical study of energy factors (power loss, efficiency, power factor) of frequencycontrolled synchronous motor with electromagnetic ignition and with excitation caused by permanent magnets has been fulfilled. The efficiency of the power converter, in this case (i. e. in the case of the frequency converter), depends on the structure of the converter (single-link or two-link), on the power semiconductor devices being used, on additional elements (i. e. chokes, capacitors, transformers, active resistance, etc.). The efficiency of a synchronous electric motor (which is a cofactor of general efficiency of a controlled synchronous electric drive) is of an interest in the scalar frequency control of the mentioned synchronous motor, since there are almost no publications on this subject. Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency of the synchronous motor, which receives energy from the frequency converter at different frequencies and converts to mechanical energy, has been considered. For the convenience of analytical research, we used the widely used concept of relative frequency as the ratio of the current value of the voltage frequency to the nominal one. It is demonstrated that the maximum efficiency is shifted in the direction of a lower load factor with a decrease in the relative frequency of the motor supply voltage. The method of calculating the energy performance of variable frequency synchronous motor that has been developed is illustrated by the graphs of efficiency and cosj for the engine of the SD3 13-34-6 type of the capacity of 500 kW and of a voltage of 6 kV and for a synchronous motor with permanent magnets of the YGT132S4 type of a capacity of 5.5 kW.
Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires of Overhead Lines with Barrage Balls
Authors: Sergey I. I. , Bladyko Y. V.
Published: July 2018

Aerial barrage balls serve for marking high-voltage wires in order to visually warn pilots of civil and military aviation about the presence of overhead lines. The present article deals with the mechanical calculation of flexible overhead wires of overhead lines, in which aerial warning barrage balls are installed. The wire is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the outline of a parabola and a chain line. The load from the aerial barrage balls must not be substituted with a distributed one by simple division of the total load into the span length, since it can cause incorrect results. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of aerial barrage balls as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. The acceptable accuracy of mechanical calculation is demonstrated when using the model of wire in the form of a parabola adopted in the design practice, provided that the components of concentrated forces are correctly determined. The equation of state is recorded, taking into account the weight and wind loads on the wire, as well as load coefficients in two planes, depending on the number of barrage balls. The performed calculations demonstrate an acceptable accuracy of the determination of the stress at various loadings of the span. For more accurate calculation of mechanical stresses and sag arrows, a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible wires of overhead lines is suggested, where the calculated model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is put taking into account of the spatial arrangement of all structural elements. The results of mechanical calculation according to the program that had been developed and to the existing methods for a different number of aerial barrier balls moved along the span are presented.
Influence of Oil-Filled Transformers Overload Capacity on the Throughput Capacity of the Electrical Network
Authors: Anishchenko V. A. , Gorokhovik I. V.
Published: July 2018

During the operation of the electric power system, there is often a need to overload its individual elements (generators, power transformers, overhead and cable power lines, switching electric devices) for a period lasting from several dozens of minutes to a day. The overloads can be caused by intentional disconnection of parallel elements of the system because of scheduled preventive repairs, post-accident disconnections, as well as an unexpected increase in electricity consumption due to the impact of various factors. The overload capacity of the system elements makes it possible to increase operational reliability of power supply to consumers without additional expenditures while maintaining, in most cases, the almost normal service life of electrical equipment. Oil-filled transformers have the greatest potential overload capacity power, which makes it possible to consider them as a significant source of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution networks of the electric power system. Excessive over-current of power oil-filled transformers significantly reduces reliability and reduces their normal service life. This is due to the accelerated process of wear of the insulation material of the transfer windings as a result of overheating of the transformer oil, that causes structural changes and, as a consequence, to mechanical damage to the insulation of the windings; the latter can cause an electrical puncture. On the other hand, underestimation of the permissible overload of transformers might result in economic losses due to under-produced products when the functioning of the part of the transformers connected in parallel are ceased for scheduled preventive maintenance or as a result of forced emergency shutdowns. Therefore, there is a need to assess the potential of reasonable increase in the throughput capacity of the electrical network and, accordingly, the reliability of the power supply system, taking into account the requirements for the permissible loads of transformers when the electrical network and various operating modes are being designed.
Synthesis of the Algorithm of the Vector Width-Pulse Modulation in a Nine-Phase Active Voltage Rectifier
Authors: Panteleev S. V. , Malashin A. N. , Karkotskiy D. V. , Suchodolov Yu. V.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problems of synthesis of multiphase electromechanic modules consisting of a multiphase electrical machine (m > 3) and a multiphase controlled converter. In the multi-phase design of the electric machine, it is possible to obtain a trapezoidal electromotive force and to increase the specific power conversion provided that the EMF and the current at the output of the m-phase generator are matched. The development of the vector pulse width modulation algorithm for the m-phase active voltage rectifier is considered, which will make it possible to match the shape and phase of the currents and voltages at the output of the m-phase generator in order to obtain the maximum active power of the module under study. The analysis of possible combinations of states of the keys of a nine-phase active rectifier is carried out. Each key state is assigned a base vector in a fixed coordinate system. It is noted that there are a number of combinations in which two or more different key states correspond to one base vector. The system of basic vectors is differentiated into its constituent levels, sectors and subsectors. In order to obtain any given voltage vector that does not coincide with the base vectors, the method of spacevector modulation is used. This method provides using 100 % DC link voltage as compared with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (86.6 %). The goal of space-vector modulation for a nine-phase active voltage rectifier is to implement the resultant spatial vector of the output voltage with a given average value within the modulation period. For this, the three vectors nearest to the given base vector must be found. To implement a given voltage vector, a sequence of sampling the base vectors in the modulation period is given, providing one commutation (commutation of two complementary keys) while passing from one basic vector to another to reduce switching losses. Analytic relationships of the weight coefficients for the generators of vectors are obtained, as well as the equations of the boundaries of the subsectors that form a diagram of combinations of states of the circuit. The sequence of the calculations presented in the paper is a technique for realizing the vector pulse-width modulation in nine-phase controlled electrical energy converters.
ON THE CHOICE OF THE OPTIMAL POINTS OF OPENING IN CITY POWER GRIDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SMART GRID
Authors: Fursanov M. I. , Zоlotoy A. A.
Published: July 2018

One of the main tasks being solved for all electric networks with open topology, including city electric networks, viz. a task of the choice of optimum points of disconnection, has been improved. It is shown that saturation of urban networks with distributed sources of small-scale generation causes the fact that mode parameters being determined in the urban SMART GRID conditions become observable. Therefore, the majority of problems of mode control, typical for urban distribution electric networks of a traditional design, lose their relevance under the SMART GRID conditions. The main technological task is to improve the selection of optimal points of disconnection of networks. Urban electric networks of the Belarusian United Energy System are actively saturated with distributed sources of small-scale generation, which can be connected to high-voltage buses of consumer transformer substations, including the ones on the load side; and they are equipped with automation to ensure synchronous operation with the power system and maintain autonomous operation. Therefore, the accounting of such generating sources becomes necessary as one of the objectives of managing the modes of urban electric networks (both traditional ones and the ones in the SMART GRID conditions). In the article the technique and algorithm of choice of optimal points of disconnection of city electric networks are proposed taking into account various conditions of application of sources of small generation: when the source operates in parallel with an electric network and has constant active and reactive generation or energizes the load isolated from a network taking into account restrictions of the power generated by a source. The solution of this task makes it possible to reduce losses of power and the electricity in a network much more than because of implementation of any other operational action. The developed algorithm was tested through the example of optimization of the points of disconnection of the fragment of the urban distribution network of 10 kV. An effective solution to the problem of choosing the initial positions of the points of disconnection of urban networks based on the Dijkstra algorithm is also proposed, which significantly reduces the time of their optimization.
MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF FLEXIBLE WIRES WHEN A CONCENTRATED LOAD IS BEING REPLACED WITH A DISTRIBUTED ONE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Y.V. BLADYKO1)
Authors: Bladyko Y. V.
Published: July 2018

In the mechanical calculation of the flexible wires of substations and overhead lines, sags and tension are determined in various climatic conditions. Concentrated loads from spacers, barrier balls, stubs, taps to electrical apparatus and other elements are replaced with a load distributed over the span. On the example of a span with tension insulator springs, the action of concentrated loads on the wire is considered, the error is determined when the concentrated forces are replaced with a load one that is uniformly distributed along the span. It is shown that concentrated loads cannot be replaced with distributed ones by simple division of total loads by the span length, since this might result in completely incorrect findings. A relationship is established between the coefficient of the increase of the sag, the coefficient of concentrated forces, the coefficient that takes into account the presence of tension insulator springs, and the angle of inclination of the span. With wind load and the presence of taps to electrical apparatus, the deviations of the wire in two planes may be calculated independently of each other if the forces concentrated in these planes are known. A decrease in the error is shown with an increase in the number of small concentrated forces. The influence of the angle of inclination of the span and the presence of tension insulator springs on calculating the deviations of the wires of substations and overhead lines is assessed. A more accurate calculation of mechanical tensions and sags is possible with the use of a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible bus of switchgears and wires of overhead lines, where the design model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is used, taking into account the spatial disposition of all structural elements.
POWER SUPPLY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF PULSE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Authors: Aliakseyeu Yu. G. , Korolyov A. Yu. , Niss V. S. , Parshuto A. E. , Soroka E. V. , Budnitskiy A. S.
Published: July 2018

Recently, there has been a tendency in the industry to use electrochemical processing methods based on the use of milli- and microsecond pulses of different polarity and amplitude instead of a direct current. The use of a pulsed current in many cases makes it possible to obtain the desired effect by cheaper means and to provide additional controllability of the electrochemical process by adjusting the time parameters of the current pulses. This also ensures reduction of the energy costs of the polishing and cleaning process of surfaces as compared to direct current processing and increasing the efficiency of processing when the rate of smoothing the surface microroughness referred to the total removal of the metal rises significantly. For example, the application of bipolar pulses in polishing of many metallic materials eliminates the use of expensive and hazardous chromium electrolytes. The use of pulse mode during electrolyte-plasma polishing makes it possible to achieve the reduction of energy consumption and to increase of process efficiency while maintaining high intensity, processing quality and environmental safety. In order to study the effect of pulses parameters and the duration of a pause between them on the characteristics of the surface of parts made of various metallic materials in electrochemical and electrolyte-plasma processing modes the special power supply was modeled, designed and manufactured. The power supply provides the possibility of regulation frequency, the duration of the positive and negative pulses and the duration of the pauses between them a wide range. It makes it possible to generate current pulses up to 50 A at a voltage of 0 to 400 V of positive and negative polarities and is able to regulate their duration in the range from 10.0 μs to 8.1 s with the possibility of changing the ratio of the pulse duration and pauses from 1:1 to 1:9.
WATERTUBE SMOKE TUBE BOILER: NUMERICAL COMPUTER SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT
Authors: Kanygin A. V.
Published: July 2018

The improvement of natural gas use technologies in water-heating boilers is considered. The concept of a new watertube smoke tube boiler, created on the basis of the screen radial tube bundle placement in the space of a cylindrical heat pipe-furnace. The results of numerical computer simulation of the furnace process in the 630 kW watertube smoke tube boiler are compared with the corresponding data obtained during the experiment. The analysis of the results of numerical computer simulation reveals the efficiency of the installed tube radial bundle: the total heat perception in the furnace increased by 56 %, while the growth of the part of the heat transferred by convective heat exchange occurred by 22 %; the temperature level in the furnace volume has decreased, while the concentration of nitrogen oxides has decreased by 45–51 %. It is experimentally established that the presence of the cooled screen tube radial bundle in the furnace of the watertube smoke tube boiler makes it possible: to increase heat release rate in the furnace volume by 10 %; to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in flue gases by 24–40 % and 25–67 % respectively (resulting in a compliance of the level of pollutant emission to the requirements of the Ukrainian national regulations, viz. GOST 30735–2001); reduce the excess air in the furnace by 3 % and increase the efficiency of the boiler by 0.5 %. The pre-production prototype of the water-heating smoke tube boiler (KVVD-0.63 Gn) has passed the certification tests, state registration; the boiler has been adopted in permanent operation. The boiler is not complicated in manufacturing, and producible in the conditions of municipal heating network companies. The reliability of the boiler's design has been confirmed by the experience of many years of functioning.
PULSE FORMATION OF STRUCTURE OF FOUNDRY ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: Usherenko S. M. , Grigoriev S. N. , Marukovich E. I. , Usherenko Yu. S. , Andrushevich A. A.
Published: July 2018

The estimation of the impact of the SiC powder in the mode of super-deep penetration (SDP) and subsequent heat treatment on the evolution of the fine structure parameters of aluminum casting alloy Al-12%Si are made. Impulse impact on the alloy provided evolution of its structure at different scales. Thus a massive composite material reinforced with the fiber zones was obtained from aluminum alloy casting.
MODIFYING OF CAST IRON WITH ULTRADISPERSE ADDITIVES
Authors: Rudnitsky F. I. , Kulikov S. A.
Published: July 2018

The composition, structure, methods of receipt of ultradisperse materials (UDM) and the prospect of their application in engineering procedures of foundry production are considered. Positive influence of UDM when entering in fusion on structure and properties of the gray cast iron intended for production of castings of motor group is established.
THE EFFECT OF PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED IRON BASED GRANULES ON PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL FORMED BY CASTING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kalinichenko A. S. , Sheinert V. A. , Kalinichenko V. A. , Slutsky A. G.
Published: July 2018

The variety of requirements for friction pairs requires the development of different technologies for the production of tribological materials with reference to the operation modes. Composite materials obtained by the casting technology have been successfully applied for the normalization of the thermomechanical state of the steam turbines. These composites consist of the matrix based on copper alloys reinforced with cast iron granules. Because the structure and properties of cast iron are determined by the conditions of their production studies have been conducted on determination of preparation conditions on grain structure and properties of the synthesized composite material. Using an upgraded unit for production of granules technological regimes were determined providing narrow fractional composition. It has been found that granules formed are characterized with typical microstructure of white cast iron containing perlite and ledeburite. Microhardness of pilot cast iron granules is characterized by high values (from 7450 up to 9450 MPa) and depends on the size of the fraction. Composite materials obtained using experimental granules had a microhardness of the reinforcing cast iron granules about 3500 MPa, and a bronze matrix – 1220 MPa, which is higher than the hardness of the composite material obtained by using the annealed DCL-1granules (2250 MPa). Metal base of experimental granules in the composite material has the structure of perlitic ductile iron with inclusions of ferrite not exceeding 10–15% and set around a flocculent graphite. As a result, the increase of physical-mechanical properties of finished products made of composite material is observed.
COMPLEX MODIFICATION OF GRAY CAST IRON
Authors: Komarov O. S. , Rozenberg E. V. , Baranowski K. E.
Published: July 2018

The influence of the complex modifier by chemical – active and surface-active additives of gray cast iron on the size of chill and on the width of molted iron zone was researched. The width of a chill zone and molted iron zones were measured at chank ends of various diameter cores. The cores were casted on a massive steel plate and also in standard chill tests. It was established that additional adding of surface-active bismuth in structure of various graphitizing modifiers promoted to reduce the width a chill zone and molted iron zones. It was established that the complex modifiers consisting of chemical – active and surfaceactive components are effective in fight with chill in cast iron castings and can be recommended for application in foundry shops of the entities of a machine-building profile for production of high-quality castings.
PARAMETERIZATION OF MICROSTRUCTURES IMAGES OF SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON ON THE BASIS OF THE GRAPHITE DISTRIBUTION DENSITY FUNCTION OF THE INCLUSIONS SIZE
Authors: Sachek O. A. , Chichko A. N. , Likhouzov S. G. , Matyushinets T. V. , Chichko O. I.
Published: July 2018

The possibilities of parameterization of microstructures such as SHG2, SHG4, SHG6, SHG10, SHG12, SHgd15, SHgd25, SHgd45, SHgd90, SHgd180, SHgd360 according to GOST (State All-union standard) 3443–87 based on the microstructures of cast iron with different diameter spheroidal graphite are shown. It is proposed to use the function of the density distribution of graphite inclusions in size for the classification of cast iron microstructures with spheroidal graphite. It is shown that density function of graphite inclusions can be used as a criterion of classification of microstructures of cast iron with spheroidal graphite, that offers new opportunities for the quantitative analysis of relations «microstructure-property» for cast iron with spheroidal graphite.
VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS AND VIBRATION ALIGNMENT – EFFECTIVE TOOL TO REDUCE THE COST OF REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT
Authors: Parkhomenko Yu. V.
Published: July 2018

The article discribes the following types of adjusting rotary equipment such as: balancing in own bearings, on-center alignment and shaft alignment, elimination of soft foot. The vibration alignment is based on the results of vibration diagnostics at production run of OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC».
REALIZATION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SYNERGETIC CAPACITY OF THE HOLDING «BELARUSIAN METALLURGICAL COMPANY»
Authors: Rozhkov A. I. , Konovalov D. L.
Published: July 2018

The synergy effect of creation of Belarusian Metallurgical Company holding is described in the article, the analysis of directions of its implementation is provided, the prospects of development of synergy potential are defined. The synergy effect is shown on examples of production of cut knivesforscrap metal forthe entities of holding by other enterprises of holding, production of the grinding forged balls from own metal, testing of bearings of JSC Minsk Bearing Plant at the Belarusian steel work.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPORT OF SELECTED ITEMS OF FOUNDRY AND METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS FROM BELARUS, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Nikolaychik Yu. A. , Sobolev V. E.
Published: July 2018

The EU is one of the main trade partners of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The export operations between these countries and EU of foundry and metallurgical products according to Harmonized Commodity Description (Group 72 «Iron and Steel») in 2009–2016 are analyzed. Information is based on official statistics of the European Union. The information about the three biggest export countries to EU on every of the abovementioned positions of Harmonized Commodity Description (HCD) is shown. Analysis of trends and variations of export from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and some conclusions are given in the article.
PROTECTORS FOR PROOFING OF IRON-CARBON-ALLOYS FROM CORROSIVE EFFECT
Authors: Pivovarchyk A. A. , Povidajko D. V.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of practical testing of the developed compositions of protectors for proofing of low-carbon alloys used in the automotive industry and made from melting stocks of secondary aluminum raw materials. The results of the study of the effectiveness of the proofing of the developed protectors are presented.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMPONENTS OF THE Al/SiO2 SYSTEM IN METALLURGICAL SYNTHETIC PROCESSES OF CASTING PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Authors: Rafalski I. V. , Nemenenok B. M.
Published: July 2018

The physicochemical interactions between components in the Al/SiO2aluminum matrix compositions under various temperature conditions of processing are studied. The synthesis of aluminum oxide ceramics in aluminum melts for the production of particulate reinforced Al-Si/Al2O3alloys was performed. The addition of dispersed particles of silicon oxide ceramics was carried out by mixing into aluminum melt in a liquid-solid state. At the temperature-time processing of the Al/SiO2compositions, alumina ceramic with a contact surface layer providing spontaneous wetting with liquid aluminum is realized.
CARRYING OUT OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS (MSA) ON OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Borisenko E. V. , Buyanova I. V.
Published: July 2018

On the ОJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC» it is introduced and operates as unified whole the integrated system of management which includes in particular the requirements of the standard of a quality management system of automotive industry IATF 16949:2016. One of special requirements of IATF 16949:2016 in the field of metrology is the Measurement System Analysis (MSA). MSA is the constituent of statistical management of processes of manufacture intended for a research of measuring processes for the purpose of an assessment of their acceptability. The order and the procedure of carrying out of the Measurement System Analysis (MSA) on OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC» are described in the article.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING QUALITY OF STRUCTURE OF WORKPIECES PROCESSED ON THE VACUUM LINE «MODULTHERM 7/1»
Authors: Rudenko S. P. , Valko A. L. , Chichin A. N.
Published: July 2018

Results of metallographical observations of structural constituent of carburized cases and a core of gears after thermochemical treatment on a vacuum line «ModulTherm 7/1» made by corporation «ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH» are given. It was established that the cause of formation of non martensitic transformations of austenite in carburized cases and in a core of workpieces is insufficient cooling capacity of the hardening module of a vacuum line «ModulTherm 7/1».
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF DYNAMIC LOADED CAST ALLOY AS12
Authors: Andrushevich A. A. , Usherenko S. M.
Published: July 2018

The assessment of influence of powder particles in the mode of super deep penetration (SDP) on change of corrosion resistance of aluminum cast alloy AK12 is executed. The aluminum alloy reinforced by fiber zones with the reconstructed structure has the increased corrosion resistance.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF CORED WIRES WITH FILLER «SOLID» CALCIUM INSTEAD OF CORED WIRES WITH FILLER «SILICO-CALCIUM» IN STEELMAKING OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMС»
Authors: Rozhkov A. I. , Grudnitsky O. M. , Nikolaev V. V.
Published: July 2018

The article examines the issues associated with the use of wires with an extruded calcium metal, instead of wires with the fillers of silico-calcium brands СК40 and SK30, for the purpose of modification of inclusions in liquid steel. Information is provided about the test results of wires with calcium metal in steelmaking OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC».
THE CHOICE OF ECONOMICALLY EXPEDIENT USE OF FERROUS METALS CHIPS IN ARC STEEL-SMELTING FURNACES ON OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Rozhkov A. I. , Grudnitsky O. M. , Feklistov A. V. , Konovalov D. L.
Published: July 2018

The problem of effective use of the alternate raw materials of metallurgical branch – shaving of ferrous metals chips is described in the article. The options of application are considered, the developed organizational and economic process promoting obtaining positive economic effect is given.
WAYS TO INCREASE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS AT THE BAR STOCK WIRE ROLL MILL 150 IN OJSC «BSW» – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Zuyeu, I. A. , Bobarikin Yu. L.
Published: July 2018

The issues of perfecting of calibrating of rolling rolls of bar stock wire roll mill 150 to increase in accuracy of the geometrical sizes of the rolled profile is considered.
STRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF CASTINGS MADE FROM WEAR-RESISTANT CAST IRON
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Ilyushenko V. M. , Duvalau P. Yu. , Kalentsionak A. I. , Baranouski K. E.
Published: July 2018

Influence of ways of casting and influence of geometrical parameters of details made from chromic cast irons on hardness of their inner layers are investigated. The technique of researches is developed and experiments are made. Compliance of details from chromic cast irons to performance specification by hardness is determined. The microstructure analysis on the section of details is carried out.
PROCUREMENT OF FERROTITIAN FROM METAL INDUSTRY WASTE BY METHOD OF ALUMOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS
Authors: Zhukova A. A. , Podbolotov K. B. , Izyumov A. A. , Petrenko V. V.
Published: July 2018

Researches of procurement of ferrotitanium of Fti25 brand from waste products by method of aluminothermic synthesis are conducted. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that differences in using oxide of iron (Fe2O3) and iron cinder (Fe3O4) are subtle and it is confirmed by the experimental results. According to an elemental analysis, when using an iron cinder, the received alloy contains 18, 0–21,5 titanium and 68–73% of iron. Research of structure showed that at a crystallization of the received alloy two main phases are formed: exuberant, which is presented by dendrites with pronounced borders length of an axis of first order of a dendrite was about 250 microns and having the eutectic structure, is allocated in interdendritic space. It is established that the increase in a mass fraction of oxide of calcium in fusion mixture there is an increase in dispersion of structural components and some sferoidization, transition of an excess phase to globular.
IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF REMUNERATION OF PERSONNEL OF THE ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF KPI
Authors: Ivanov V. V. , Dzhankova Ya. N. , Legkonogich A. N.
Published: July 2018

The advantages of the system of awarding of staff on key performance indicators are considered. The structure of formation of motivation on the basis of KPI. The main tasks when building a bonus system on the basis of KPI. Justification the use of key performance indicators in the enterprise is made. The scheme of construction of system of motivation of personnel KPI is proposed.
IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF REMUNERATION OF PERSONNEL OF THE ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF KPI
Authors: Klimkovich S. M. , Korneevets E. V.
Published: July 2018

The advantages of the system of awarding of staff on key performance indicators are considered. The structure of formation of motivation on the basis of KPI. The main tasks when building a bonus system on the basis of KPI. Justification the use of key performance indicators in the enterprise is made. The scheme of construction of system of motivation of personnel KPI is proposed.
ERBIUM AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Vasilyeva A. V. , Getman A. A.
Published: July 2018

Erbium is used as a component of magnetic alloys; oxide of erbium is used in nuclear power to improve energy distribution and safe operation of a nuclear reactor.
STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION IN BELARUS
Authors: Savenok A. N.
Published: July 2018

A brief analysis of the status and prospects of development of metallurgical complex of the Belarus Republic is given in the article. Statistics of the structure of manufacturing sector by types of economic activities, including metallurgical production, in the Republic of Belarus as a whole and by regions is provided. It was noted that the largest share in the regional scale – 15.6% of metallurgy exists in Gomel region, due to the location of the main flagship of the Belarusian industry – the Belarusian steel works in Zhlobin city of Gomel region. Thanks to the systematic reconstruction and upgrading of existing equipment, introduction of advanced development in the field of metallurgical equipment and technologies OJSC «BSW – management company of holding «BMC» is dynamically developing in the coming years and it is planned to overcome the 3-million milestone in steel production and a threefold boost in productivity. The large-scale project of building a new bar mill with the capacity of 700 thousand tons of rolled products per year was completed in 2015. This production eliminated the strategic imbalance between the capacity of the steelmaking complex and related industries.

The most important projects of the holding companies and the perspectives of further development of the holding «BMC» were described. The year of the science -2017began to JSC «BSW» with very significant event: OJSC «BSW – management company of holding «BMC» for the first time was awarded a Certificate of accreditation as a scientific organization.
OPTICAL EFFECTS AT METALLIC AND NONMETALLIC MATERIALS MICROSCOPY
Authors: Anisovich A. G.
Published: July 2018

Optical effects arising on surface defects of metals, alloys and transparent materials are discovered in conditions of various illumination such as dark-field and bright-field illumination as well as polarized light. It is shown that the methods of optical contrasting let it possible to determine surface defects of metallic and nonmetallic materials as well as defects inside optically transparent materials. The connection between optical effects and design features of lens by the use of dark-field illumination was shown. It is established that picture generation of spherical defect came about by analogy to uniaxial crystal by the study using polarized light. The schematic diagram of optical effects for various materials to make visual classification of surface defects is suggested.
EXPERIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON UNIDO METHODOLOGY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Antomoshkin A. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The article is dedicated to the analysis of practical experience of implementing the energy management system (EnMS) based on UNIDO methodology at the enterprises of the Russian Federation. More than 40 enterprises in Russia were involved in UNIDO project, including municipal services. Main barriers to the implementation process are identified and described. EnMS cycle and its key elements are pointed out, which are critical to successful implementation. Case study of successful implementation of EnMS at one of the biggest Russian steel works «MMK» is given. UNIDO methodology was applied, which gave an impressive saving of 1 177,7 mln roubles during the first year.
ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD-FORMED REINFORCEMENT OF CLASS ВР500
Authors: Akhmetov T. А. , Khodosovsky A. V. , Mazanik A. V. , Kozyreva Yu. I. , Loktionova L. V.
Published: July 2018

The main requirements for a new class of cold-formed reinforcement V500 are considered in the article. The requirements to the performance characteristics of such fittings in comparison with the reinforced wire of class Bp-1 in accordance with GOST 6727-80 have been estimated. Along with the requirements for plasticity or deformation of the reinforcement for the new class requirements are introduced for the relative bearing surface, fatigue endurance, mandatory marking, etc. To ensure reliability the characteristic values of Cv, determined by statistical control methods with long-term quality assessment are introduced. The size range of the reinforcement was significantly expanded.
NEW-GENERATION STAINLESS STEEL SYSTEMS FOR METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Zolotukhin A. I. , Golovko A. G. , Gordeev E. I. , Provotorov D. А.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the development of devices for mechanization and automation of metal flow control – steel-pouring ladles sliding gates of the new generation of Vulkan-TM production, the history of their production.

The various technical solutions underlying the creation of the sliding gates of the «VT» series, innovative solutions used in design of the sliding gates layouts and their competitive advantages are shown.

The design and operation principle of the new development – the device for gas-dynamic protection of the metal stream from secondary oxidation is described.
NANOSTRUCTURIZATION IN FOUNDRY PROCESSES
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu.
Published: July 2018

It is shown that at crystallization of alloys the sophisticated nanostructural processes have place. The nanocrystals of phases, their atoms, the centers of crystallization of dendrites, surface-active elements, gases, modifying elements, poorly soluble impurity elements generally participate in these processes. Their activity and intensity of abstraction of heat during crystallization define the structure of castings.
EXTRA-FURNACE STEEL PROCESSING BY RECYCLED SECONDARY ALUMINUM WASTE
Authors: Tribushevskiy I. V. , Nemenenok B. M. , Rumiantseva G. V. , Kulik M. A.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of research on the use of recycled aluminum waste (RAW) during extra-furnace steel processing in ladle refining furnace. It has been established that simultaneously with the deoxidation of refining slags before desulfurization of steel, their liquid mobility increases, which eliminates the need for using fluorspar for these purposes.

A thermodynamic analysis of possible reactions of formation of aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates in the refining slag has been carried out. It has been suggested that the cause of thinning of refining slags from the addition of RAW is the formation of a number of low-melting eutectics containing aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates. The composition of briquettes based on RAW for liquefaction of refining slags is proposed. Dependence of the friability and breaking load of briquettes on the content of CaO, the temperature and drying time is established. The data on the composition and properties of the refining slag after treatment with a diluent based on RAW are given.