bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKİYE’DE MODERN ZİRAATIN MİMARLARINDAN ŞEVKET RAŞİT HATİPOĞLU VE ZİRAAT VEKÂLETİ DÖNEMİNDEKİ FAALİYETLERİ (1942-1946)
Authors: KIRKPINAR Nurullah
Published: March 2021

1923’de kurulan genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin modern ziraat hayatında çok önemli başarılarını gerçekleştiren ve ziraat altyapısının modernleşmesini sağlayarak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni muasır medeniyetler seviyesine çıkarmak ülküsüyle hareket eden devlet adamlarından biri hiç şüphesiz Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu’dur. Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu, bilim insanı, siyasetçi kimliği ve bürokratik simasıyla, Türkiye’nin modern tarım inşasında önemli bir dönüm noktasını teşkil eder. Sırasıyla Bursa Ziraat Mektebi, Berlin Yüksek Ziraat Okulu ve Leipzig Üniversitesi’nde eğitim hayatını devam ettiren Hatipoğlu, 1942-1946 yılları arasında da Ziraat Vekili olarak görev yaptı.

Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu Ziraat Vekâleti sürecinde, özellikle de Türkiye’de tek parti dönemindeki toprak reformu atılımının ve tartışmalarının gündeme getirildiği 1945 yılı içerisinde; alınan kararlar ve uygulamalar neticesinde yoğun eleştiriye maruz kalmıştır. Bu da onun Ziraat Vekâleti döneminde ziraî sahada yapmış olduğu gelişmeleri gölgede bırakmıştır. Halbuki Hatipoğlu, Ziraat Vekâleti döneminde Türk ziraî sahasında adeta bir fikir hareketinin başlangıcını ve ilerlemesinin yolunu açmış; Türkiye tarımını modernleştirme çabalarının yanı sıra, durgunluk dönemine girmiş olan çaycılık çalışmalarının yeniden ele alınmasını sağlamıştır. Henüz 1935-1936 yılları arasında Atatürk döneminin Ziraat Vekili olan Reşat Muhlis Erkmen’le birlikte Rize’de bir tetkik gezisine katılmıştır. Bu gezi esnasında topladığı bilgileri daha sonra geliştirerek, Rize köylüsüne ithaf ettiği “Türkiye’de Çay İktisadiyatı” adlı eserini kaleme almıştır. Hazırlanan bu kapsamlı eser, 1936’da Ziraat Vekâleti’ne sunularak, çaycılık çalışmalarının yeniden ele alınmasını sağlamış ve 1938’den itibaren Türk çayı Rize yöresinde başarıyla üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Çalışmasını bilimsel ve kanıtsal bilgilere dayandırmakla yetinmeyen Hatipoğlu, Ziraat Vekâleti görevinde ve Hükümet nezdinde de ısrarlı çalışmalar yürüterek, çay işinin yeniden ele alınmasında başrolü oynamıştır.

Bu çalışmada; Şevket Raşit Hatipoğlu’nun kısa bir biyografisine yer verildikten sonra Ziraat Vekâleti dönemindeki (1942-1946) faaliyetleri ele alınacaktır. Dahası Hatipoğlu’nun Türkiye tarımına nasıl baktığı ve neler önerdiği soruları üzerinden yaklaşılarak; tarım politikalarıyla ilgili görüş, eleştiri ve önerileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca küçük üreticiliğin korunması, tarım tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi ve ihracata yönelik üretim yapılmasına yönelik hususlarda ne gibi plân hedefleri belirlediği üzerinde durulacaktır.
MİLLÎ GAYE MECMUASINDA “MİLLÎ MAARİF”
Authors: İSTANBUL Orhan , GÖK Ömer
Published: March 2021

Millî Gaye mecmuası, Millî Mücadele Dönemi’nde, Bolu’da, henüz Mudanya Mütarekesi’nin yeni imzalandığı, Lozan’da barış görüşmelerinin devam ettiği ve savaş tehdidinin tam olarak geçmediği bir dönemde yayın hayatına başlamıştır. Bolu Sultanisi öğretmenleri ve öğrencileri tarafından çıkarılan mecmua, 1 Aralık 1922-1 Nisan 1923 tarihleri arasında on beş günde bir olmak üzere 9 sayı devam edebilmiştir.

İçtimai, edebî, fennî, tarihî resimli bir dergi olarak tavsif edilen Millî Gaye içerisinde eğitim, edebiyat, tarih, tıp ve tarım başta olmak üzere birçok alanda yazıya yer verilmiştir. “Memleketin ilmî ihtiyacını bir zerre olsun tatmin etmek” derginin amacı olarak ilk sayısında ifade edilmiştir.

Büyük Taarruzu kazanan muzaffer komutan olarak Mustafa Kemal’in, bir kurtarıcı olarak görüldüğü dergide ağırlıklı olarak eğitimle ilgili konular üzerinde durulmaktadır. Okul öncesi eğitimi ve okul öncesi öğretmen yetiştirilmesinin ehemmiyeti, eğitimde izcilik faaliyetlerinin gerekliliği gibi o zaman için yeni sayılabilecek meseleler etrafında yazılar kaleme alınmıştır. Genel olarak eğitim yazıları incelendiğinde “millî eğitim/millî maarif” vurgusunun ön plana çıkarıldığı görülmüştür.

Bu çalışmada öncelikle derginin çıkış serüveni, kimlik ve hâl bilgisi verilecek, ardından derginin Millî Mücadele Dönemi, Anadolu ve özelde Bolu’daki basın-yayın hayatı içerisindeki yeri ve önemi ele alınacaktır. Sonrasında dergide yer alan eğitimle ilgili yazılarda sıklıkla vurgulanan “millî maarif” meselesi irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
TÜRK MODERNLEŞMESİ SÜRECİNDE AYDINLARIN TARİH VE FELSEFEYLE İLGİLİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: GULUZADE Pasha
Published: March 2021

Dönemin düşünürleri gerilemenin önüne geçmek ve dışarıdan gelebilecek tehlikelere karşı koymak için modernleşmenin gerekliliğine inanmışlardı. Bunun için toplumsal bir dönüşümün gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmekteydi. Sürecin iyi bir şekilde sonuçlanması için eğitimli topluma ihtiyaç vardı. Bu gibi ihtiyaçlar göz önünde bulundurularak eğitimin önemi, okulların durumu, hoca-öğrenci münasebetleri, bilim, fen gibi konularla ilgili tartışmalar başlamıştı. Bu yüzden dönemin düşünürleri mevcut okullardaki sorunlara değinerek bu süreçte nelerin yapılması gerektiğine dair kendi görüşlerini belirtmişlerdir. Karşılaşılan sorunların çözümü için yenilikleri kabul etmenin gerekliliğini idrak eden aydıınlar eğitimdeki problemlerin aradan kaldırılması için özellikle pozitif bilimlere doğru eğilim gösterseler de, tarih ve felsefe gibi sosyal alanlardaki eksikliklerin farkındaydılar.

Eğitimdeki eksikliklerden birinin felsefe olduğu konusunda hemfikir olan Türk aydını, Batı felsefi düşüncesinin alınmasından yana olmuştur. Batı`daki pozitif felsefi akımlar ve yaşanmışlıklar sayesinde, Doğu`nun mistik engeli aşılacak ve çağdaşlaşma gerçekleşecekti. Bununla birlikte karşılaşılan sorunların tarih alanında ortaya çıktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Dönemin Osmanlı tarih kitaplarının konusu daha çok İslam ve Osmanlı tarihiyle sınırlı kaldığı için, bu alanda diğer devletler ve kavimlerle ilgili pek de bilgi sahibi olmayan okumuş kesim oluşmuştu. Diğer toplumların nasıl geliştikleri, hangi evrelerden geçtikleriyle ilgili bilgiden yoksunluk, onları anlamada sorunlar oluşturmaktaydı. Bu yüzden tarihin de önemine değinen düşünürler, toplum için ne kadar gerekli olduğuna dikkat çekmektedirler. Modern bilimin temelindeki tarihsellik ve felsefe benimsenmeden, Batı seviyesine gelmenin mümkün olamayacağı görüşü dönemin düşünürleri arasında hakimdi. Çalışmada Ziya Gökalp, Şehbenderzade Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi, Ahmed Midhat Efendi, Yusuf Akçura, Baha Tevfik, Ahmed Ağaoğlu gibi dönemin düşünürlerinin görüşlerinden yararlanılarak felsefe ve tarih temellendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sözkonusu sorunlar bağlamında aşağıdaki sorular çalışmaya yön vermektedir:

Felsefe denildiği zaman dönemin düşünürleri ne anlıyorlardı?

Felsefenin Türk toplumu için ne gibi yararları olabilirdi?

Tarih ve siyaset felsefesiyle ilgili düşünürler ne söylemektedirler?

Dönemin düşünürleri neden tarihin önemli olduğunu düşünmektedirler?

Mevcut eğitim sistemindeki tarih dersi ihtiyaçları karşılamak için yeterli değil miydi?

Yeterli olarak görülmeyen tarihin eksikleri nelerdi ve niçin oluşmuştu?

Objektif bir tarih yazıcılığına dair tutum var mıydı?

Çağdaş bir devlet olmak için tarih gerekli midir?
ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ BASININDA CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ’NİN DÖRDÜNCÜ BÜYÜK KURULTAYI
Authors: ÖZKANDAŞ Yaşar
Published: March 2021

Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Dördüncü Büyük Kurultayı 9 Mayıs 1935’te Ankara’da TBMM binasında toplanmıştır. Bu, Atatürk’ün katıldığı son kurultay olmuştur. Kurultaya 384 milletvekili ve 160 il delegesi katılmıştır. Atatürk, kurultayın açılışı vesilesiyle yapmış olduğu konuşmasında Türk Devrimi’nin genel bir değerlendirmesini yapmış, ekonomi ile uluslararası ilişkilere yönelik konulara değinmiş ve parti üyelerine yeni ödevler yüklemiştir. Atatürk’ün konuşmasını takiben çalışmalarına başlayan Dördüncü Kurultay, Nizamname ve Program Komisyonu, Dilek Komisyonu ve Hesap Komisyonu adlarıyla üç komisyon oluşturmuştur. Hesap Komisyonu, partinin hesaplarını inceleyerek hazırlamış olduğu raporu 12 Mayıs günü kurultaya sunmuştur. Nizamname ve Program Komisyonunca son şekli verilen yeni nizamname ve program taslağı da incelenmesi amacıyla aynı gün için delegelere dağıtılmıştır. Bir gün sonra Saffet Arıkan’ın başkanlığında yeniden bir araya gelen delegeler program taslağını müzakere ederek oybirliğiyle kabul etmişlerdir. Yeni program Altı Ok’la simgeleşen cumhuriyetçilik, milliyetçilik, halkçılık, devletçilik, laiklik ve inkılâpçılık ilkelerini ayrıntılı bir biçimde açıklamış ve bu ilkelerin bütününü Kemalizm olarak adlandırmıştır. Bunun yanında bu ilkelerin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin de dayanakları olduğunu vurgulayarak parti-devlet özdeşliğini kurmuştur. Delegeler, 14 Mayıs günü de partinin yeni tüzüğünü onaylamışlardır. Dilek Komisyonu ise, raporunu kurultayın yedinci gününde delegelere sunmuştur. İlgili Bakanlar, raporun kendileriyle ilgili bölümleri hakkında izahatta bulunmuşlardır. Dördüncü Büyük Kurultay 16 Mayıs 1935 tarihinde CHP Genel Yönetim Kurulu üyeliklerinin oybirliğiyle belirlenmesi ve Genel Başkan Vekili İsmet İnönü’nün konuşmasıyla çalışmalarını tamamlamıştır.

Parti-devlet bütünlüğünü kurarak CHP’nin siyasal dayanaklarını belirleyen ilkeleri, yeni Türk Devleti’nin izleyeceği siyasanın da temeli haline getiren 1935 Kurultayı’na yönelik haberler ve değerlendirmeler basında geniş yer bulmuştur. Akşam, Cumhuriyet, Kurun ve Ulus gazeteleri kurultay için yapılan hazırlıkları ve kurultayın çalışmasıyla ilgili gelişmeleri kurultay tarafından yayınlanan tebliğlere dayanarak ayrıntılı bir biçimde aktarmışlardır. Bunun yanında söz konusu gazetelerin köşe yazarları da parti devlet bitişikliğine yönelik değerlendirmeleriyle, devletçilik ve halkçılık prensipleri temelinde yeni program hakkındaki analizleriyle ve CHP’nin, Türk ulusunun tamamını bünyesinde toplayan tek parti niteliğine dikkatleri çeken yorumlarıyla öne çıkmışlardır.
CUMHURİYETİN İLK YILLARINDA YAPILAN DEMİRYOLU KONGRELERİ VE ATATÜRK DÖNEMİ DEMİRYOLU POLİTİKALARINA KATKISI
Authors: HAYKIR Yavuz
Published: March 2021

Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında mevcut bulunan ve inşası düşünülen demiryollarıyla alakalı olarak dört demiryolu kongresi düzenlenmiştir. Nâfıa Vekili olan Süleyman Sırrı Bey’in başkanlığında 25Temmuz2 Ağustos 1925 yapılan Birinci Demiryolu kongresi, daha sonra Behiç (Erkin) Bey’in Nâfıa Vekilliği sırasında 17-20 Şubat 1926’da İkinci Demiryolu Kongresi, 6-8 Ocak 1927’de Üçüncü Demiryolu Kongresi ve 14 -16 Haziran 1927 tarihlerinde ise Dördüncü Demiryolu kongresi düzenlenmiştir. Bu düzenlenen demiryolları kongrelerinde Nâfia Vekili başta olmak üzere, yetkin mühendis ve bürokratların katılımıyla, demiryolu hatlarının yapım, güzergah, ray ve vagon tiplerinin belirlenmesi, kullanılacak malzeme, demiryolu güzergahlarında kurulacak atölyelerin yer ve büyüklüğünün tespiti, demiryolları teşkilatının yeniden yapılandırılması gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur.

Bu çalışmamızda yapılan söz konusu kongrelerde mevcut demiryolu hatlarının yapısı ve inşa edilecek demiryolu hatlarıyla ilgili ele alınan ve tartışılan konular ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Kongrelerde mevcut demiryolu hatlarında yapılacak düzenlemeler ve yeni demiryolu hatlarının inşası ile ilgili kararlaştırılan konular üzerine yapılan çalışmalar belirlenmiştir. Nihayetinde bu kongrelerde ele alınan ve kararlaştırılan konuların Atatürk döneminde demiryolu politikalarında uygulanıp uygulanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Böylece yapılan kongrelerin demiryolu politikalarına yansıması ve katkısı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
The semiannual oscillation (SAO) in the tropical middle atmosphere
and its gravity wave driving in reanalyses and satellite observations
Authors: Ern Manfred , Diallo Mohamadou , Preusse Peter , Mlynczak Martin G. , Schwartz Michael J. , Wu Qian , Riese Martin
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Gravity waves play a significant role in driving the semiannual oscillation (SAO) of the zonal wind in the tropics. However, detailed knowledge of this forcing is missing, and direct estimates from global observations of gravity waves are sparse. For the period 2002–2018, we investigate the SAO in four different reanalyses: ERA-Interim, JRA-55, ERA-5, and MERRA-2. Comparison with the SPARC zonal wind climatology and quasi-geostrophic winds derived from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite observations show that the reanalyses reproduce some basic features of the SAO. However, there are also large differences, depending on the model setup. Particularly, MERRA-2 seems to benefit from dedicated tuning of the gravity wave drag parameterization and assimilation of MLS observations. To study the interaction of gravity waves with the background wind, absolute values of gravity wave momentum fluxes and drag derived from SABER satellite observations are compared with different wind data sets: the SPARC wind climatology, data sets combining ERA-Interim at low altitudes and MLS or SABER quasi-geostrophic winds at high altitudes, as well as data sets that combine ERA-Interim, SABER quasi-geostrophic winds, and direct wind observations by the TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI). In the lower and middle mesosphere SABER absolute gravity wave drag correlates well with positive vertical gradients of the background wind, indicating that gravity waves contribute mainly to the driving of the SAO eastward wind phases and their downward propagation with time. At altitudes 75–85 km, SABER absolute gravity wave drag correlates better with absolute values of the background wind, suggesting a more direct forcing of the SAO winds by gravity wave amplitude saturation. Above about 80 km SABER gravity wave drag is mainly governed by tides rather than by the SAO. The reanalyses reproduce some basic features of the SAO gravity wave driving: All reanalyses show stronger gravity wave driving of the SAO eastward phase in the stratopause region. For the higher-top models ERA-5 and MERRA-2 this is also the case in the lower mesosphere. However, all reanalyses are limited by model-inherent damping in the upper model levels, leading to unrealistic features near the model top. Our analysis of the SABER and reanalysis gravity wave drag suggests that the magnitude of SAO gravity wave forcing is often too weak in the free-running general circulation models, therefore, a more realistic representation is needed.
An automated system for trace gas ﬂux measurements from plantfoliage and other plant compartments
Authors: Kohl Lukas , Koskinen Markku , Polvinen Tatu , Tenhovirta Salla , Rissanen Kaisa , Patama Marjo , Zanetti Alessandro , Pihlatie Mari
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Plant shoots can act as sources or sinks of trace gases including methane and nitrous oxide. Accurate measurementsof these trace gas fluxes require enclosing of shoots in closed non-steady state chambers. Due to plant physiological activity, this type of enclosures, however, lead to CO2 depletion in the enclosed air volume, condensation of transpired water, and warmingof the enclosures exposed to sunlight, all of which may bias the flux measurements. Here, we present PlasTraGAS, ab novel measurement system designed for continuous and automated measurements of trace gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes from plant shoots. The system uses transparent shoot enclosures equipped with Peltier cooling elements and automatically replaces fixated CO2 and removes transpired water from the enclosure. The system is designed for measuring trace gasfluxes over extended periods, capturing diurnal and seasonal variations and linking trace gas exchange to plant physiologicalfunctioning and environmental drivers. Initial measurements show daytime CH4 emissions two pine shoots of 0.056 and 0.089 nmol g−1 foliage d.w.h−1or 7.80 and 13.1 nmol m−2 h−1. Simultaneously measured CO2 uptake rates were 9.2 and 7.6 mmol m−2 sec−1 and transpiration rates of 1.24 and 0.90 mol m−2 h−1. Concurrent measurement of VOC emissionsdemonstrated that potential effects of spectral interferences on CH4 flux measurements were at least ten-fold smaller than themeasured CH4 fluxes. Overall, this new system solves multiple technical problems that so far prevented automated plant shoottrace gas flux measurements, and holds the potential for providing important new insights into the role of plant foliage in the global CH4 and N2O cycles.
Knowledge and practice of emergency contraceptives among married women: A community based cross sectional study
Authors: Koringa Hetal T , Mehta Jitesh P. , Dadwani Roma S.
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Emergency contraception (EC) serves as a backup in case regular contraception fails, can remarkablybring down the risk of a consequent unintended pregnancy and further complications. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice regarding EC among married women. To determine the association between knowledge regarding EC and socio demographic variables of married women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among urban slum areas of Jamnagar City with use of 30 cluster sampling techniquein the year 2012-13. From each cluster 15 women of reproductive age group(15-49years) were taken as study participants and total 450 married women were enrolled in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate statistical tests. Result: Out of total 450 study population,30.22% women ever heard of emergency contraception (EC) among them all were aware about E-pills, Majority considered EC safe(80.88%).very few women got knowledge from doctor (1.47%) and health workers (10.29%).only 31.23% women had ever used it. Women who were<30 years age old, well-educated and from upper socioeconomic status were more aware regarding EC. Nearly 50% women took E-pills because of timing was miscalculated (25.81%) or they were not using any contraceptives (22.58%).All the women who had practiced EC, revealed that it is 100% effective method for prevention of unwanted pregnancy in case of emergency. Conclusion: In this study, knowledge and usage rate of EC was found limited. Strategies to promote EC use should be focused on spreading accurate knowledge about it through information education and communication by health care providers and other audio-visual media.
Prevalence of internet addiction and its consequences among MBBS students of MP Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat
Authors: Misra Swati , Pithadia Pradeep , Parmar Dipesh , Makwana Naresh , Unadkat Sumit
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Internet is one of the most essential elements in everyday life of everyone. Simultaneously, it’s an emerging public health issue also, especially in our country. Excessive and undisciplined use of internet may lead to many physical, social, psychological and behavioral disorders. Medical students have not only lengthy syllabus but also hefty study hours and internet addiction may affect their scholastic pattern and learning. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence and pattern of internet addiction and its consequences among them. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine prevalence and pattern of internet addiction and its ill-effects among medical students of M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar. Methodology: We included all medical students (n=600) of all semesters of MP Shah Medical College and collected data using Dr. Kimberly Young’s Internet addiction scale from October 2019 to December 2019. Informed Consent was taken. Results: We observed that majority of students (82.67%) were average online users. The mean score of internet usage for male and female medical students was 44.22 and 38.48 respectively. Sleep disturbance, impulsiveness, anxiety, emotional liability, lack of interest in study were some of the major consequences of internet addiction among students observed in our study. The study also observed that students tried several methods like Yoga, meditation etc. to get rid of the internet addiction and concentrate on studies. Conclusion: Periodic screening of students should be carried out to identify internet addicts and a comprehensive program or strategies should be formed at institutional level for support and counselling of such students and to avert and cope up with ill effects of internet addiction.
Leadership skills among medical interns - a cross sectional study in a medical college in South India
Authors: Nelliyanil Maria , K Chethana , Shetty Prithvi , Anil Manjula , Rao Meghana , Rai Rithvik
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Leadership skills among medical students, plays an important role in making them competent and bringing success in their clinical practice. Physician’s professional activities require them to be good team leaders. But there is a leadership crisis among medical doctors in India and leadership skills within their curricula. Objectives: To assess the leadership skills among interns and identify possible influencing factors among them. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 110 interns in a medical college. Leadership skills were assessed using Modified Leadership Inventory for Medical Education (LIME). Unpaired t test for association of various factors with mean scores of leadership and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient for correlation between the scores of subcomponents of leadership skills were used. Results: Among the interns, 77.3% had a chance to be a leader during school/college days but only 20% had undergone leadership training. 87.3% of them had their leadership scores above average, suggesting good leadership skills. Interns who had been a leader in school/college, enrolled in Scouts/ Guides/ NCC and those who underwent leadership training had statistically significant higher mean scores. Majority had positive attitude towards leadership. There was a statistically significant, moderate correlation between the components of leadership skills.Conclusion: Participants had good leadership skills and there was significant association between former leadership experience and current leadership scores. Most of them had positive attitude towards leadership.
A study on Facility (Hospital) upkeep, hygiene promotion and Support services at Primary Health Centers of western Gujarat: Assessment of performance parameters by using Kayakalp tool
Authors: Bhandari Lalit , Parmar Dipesh , Rathod Mittal , Maunesh Raj , Prajapati Nilesh , Kaliya Mehul
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Primary Health Centre (PHC) is the cornerstone ofpreventive and promotive health care. Thus services provided at PHCs should be quality care and adequate care.To promote the same, GOI has started award giving based on performance of health facility under different themes. The present study was intended to have insight of the implementation status of swachhta guidelines (Kayakalp).Objective: To assess the Facility upkeep, Support services and Hygiene promotion at Primary Health centers of western Gujarat. Method: The cross sectional study carried out in 33 PHCs (universal sample) of Jamnagar district from 2017 to 2018. The assessment were done for following three categories: 1. Thematic Area 2. Criteria 3. Checkpoint. Under this study three thematic areas(from total 6), Hospital/Facility Upkeep, Support Services and Hygiene Promotion were covered. The data were obtained in present study in the terms of score for each variable. The score divided into up to 50%, 50%-70% and more than 70% then it was compared with different criterion under each theme and data were entered in Microsoft Excel version 2007. Data collection was done through Staff interview, Observations, patient Interview, Record review. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional ethical committee before commencement of the study. Results: For criterion ; Maintenance of Open Areas, Facility Appearance, Infrastructure Maintenance, Illumination, water sanitation, pharmacy store, outreach services majority of health facilities obtained score >70%, whereas for Water conservation, pest & animal control, Laundry Services and Linen Management, Security services it was around 50%. Community Monitoring & Patient Participation & Information Education and Communication was observed average as per the criteria used.Conclusion:Half of the health facilities performed satisfactorily in work placemanagement. Involvement of Local community and organization in monitoring and promoting cleanliness.poor performance was seen regarding water conservation like maintenance of Water supply system, the preventive measures which were taken to reduce wastage.
A Descriptive Study to Assess Relationship between Body Fat Percentage and Obesity at a Tertiary Level Health Facility
Authors: T V Sanjay , R C Nandini , P Thejaswini , P Ramu , K Sowbhayga , K Saranya
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Indian adults at alarming rate and causing high burden of chronic diseases due to relatively high Body Fat Percentage (BFP) compared to other ethnic groups. There is a dearth of studies on assessment of obesity by using BFP measurement. This study was undertaken to strengththe reliability of BFP in assessment of obesity. Objectives: To find out the relationship between body fat percentage and obesity among adults aged 18-59 years. Method: A total of 228 subjects were included in the study from the in-patients admitted to tertiary care hospitalby systematic random sampling method. In the interview, socio-personal characteristics were collected using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to calculate BMI based on Asia-Pacific classification and waist circumference based on International Diabetes Federation guidelines along with body fat percentage was measured using standard guidelines. The t- test, ANOVA and correlation was used to determine the relationship between obesity and BFP. Results: A significant association between Body Fat Percentage (BFP) and obesity measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) was observed across the categories and sex. Positive correlation was observed between BMI and waist circumference (p<0.001), BMI and body fat percentage (P<0.001) and waist circumference and body fat percentage (P<0.001). Conclusions: The study shown significant association and positive correlation between body fat percentage and obesity measured by BMI and waist circumference at lower cut-off among Indian adults indicating BFP is a reliable measure for assessment of obesity.
Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Two Districts of North Karnataka: Coverage and Compliance Assessment
Authors: Anwith Huluvadi Shivalingaiah , Suhas S R , K S Seema , P S Karishma , Kumar K Ravi , M Madhusudhan
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis is the most debilitating and disfiguring scourge among all diseases which imposes severe social and economic burden. Currently an estimated 63crores people are at a risk of filariasis in 256 endemic districts across 16 states and 5 union territories in India. National filarial control programme is operational since 1955 in India and the current goal is achieving elimination of filariasis by 2020through Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Objective: To assess the coverage, compliance and causes for noncompliance of MDA in the study districts. Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in October 2019 and January 2020 in Koppal and Bidar districts respectively. Randomly four clusters were selected, three from rural area and one from urban area. All the residents of a cluster were included except subjects aged below 2 years and pregnant women. Data collection was done by household survey using a standard questionnaire. Results: Total populations of 2043 subjects residing in 480 houses were included. The coverage rate was95.44 &94.73% with compliance rate of 91.61% &93.12% in Koppal & Bidar districts, respectively. The effective coverage rate was 87.44 %& 88.2% in Koppal & Bidar districts respectively. Drug consumption by DOT was 95.1% in Koppal&85.8% in Bidar district. Conclusions: The coverage& compliance of MDA was found to be satisfactoryas it was >65%.Consumption of MDA by DOT to be more emphasized to reduce coverage compliance gap and increase the effective coverage rate.
A inversão do ônus da prova em demandas ambientais: uma análise da Súmula nº 618 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça
Authors: Niebuhr Pedro
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo examina os argumentos jurídicos indicados pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça para fundamentar a edição da Súmula nº 618, sobre inversão do ônus da prova em demandas ambientais. O problema investigado consiste em saber se a Súmula nº 618 é compatível com a ordem jurídica processual vigente. Após a análise dos julgados apontados pelo Tribunal como representativos da controvérsia, o artigo arrola os três principais fundamentos jurídicos invocados para subsidiar a inversão do ônus da prova naquelas demandas, quais sejam, a aplicação do inciso VIII do artigo 6º do Código de Defesa do Consumidor às ações civis públicas ambientais, a responsabilidade objetiva em matéria ambiental e o princípio da precaução. A partir do exame das especificidades de cada um dos respectivos argumentos, conclui-se que os fundamentos usados pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça nos julgados que subsidiaram a edição da Súmula nº 618 são total ou parcialmente inadequados para sustentar a inversão do ônus da prova nos termos do entendimento sumulado. Ao final, expõem-se ainda impropriedades constantes na própria redação do verbete, circunstâncias que, em conjunto, revelam a inadequação da Súmula nº 618 à ordem jurídica processual vigente. O presente artigo foi realizado pelo método dedutivo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica.
RECLAMAÇÃO E CORTES SUPREMAS: CONTRAPONTOS ÀS TESES DO PROF. DANIEL MITIDIERO
Authors: ROSSI JÚLIO CÉSAR , MUNDIM LUÍS GUSTAVO
Published: March 2021

O ensaio tem por escopo apresentar suscintamente as principais teses firmadas pelo Prof. Daniel Mitidiero na obra “Reclamação nas cortes supremas: entre a autoridade da decisão e a eficácia do precedente” e promover sua desconstrução levando em conta o ordenamento jurídico positivo brasileiro. Nesse sentido, verificou-se que a perspectiva do referido jurista gaúcho reduz equivocadamente as hipóteses de cabimento da Reclamação, de modo a impedir a sua proposição em razão de aplicação de precedentes. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi o jurídico-teórico, já que se analisou criticamente a proposta do jurista a partir de uma perspectiva do direito processual democrático, com a conclusão que suas teses não estão em consonância com a legalidade e com o devido processo.
A PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PPR PADA SISWA KELAS III SDN 127/II SUNGAI ARANG KECAMATAN BUNGO DANI
Authors: Zhafran Abdul
Published: March 2021

The background of this research is the lack of awareness of students while studying Citizenship Education and the learning methods applied are less innovative and the value of Civics Education daily tests is still low. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the process of implementing the PPR model in improving the learning outcomes of Citizenship Education in class III SDN 127 / II Sungai Arang, Kecamatan Bungo Dani. 2) To determine the application of the Reflective Pedagogical Paradigm model in improving the learning outcomes of Citizenship Education in grade III SDN 127 / II Sungai Arang.               This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The research setting consists of 1) research location 2) research time 3) research subjects. This research was conducted in two cycles. Cycle I had two meetings and cycle II had one meeting. The process of implementing the PPR model in improving the process and learning outcomes of Citizenship Education. The teaching process of teachers in the first cycle of meeting one with a value of 65% (Good enough) in the first cycle of meeting two with a total of 75% (Good), while the second cycle increased 80% (Very good). This process is also seen from the student learning outcomes. In the first cycle of meeting one, the value was obtained 60% (Enough) and in the first cycle the second meeting the value was obtained 65% (Enough). In the second cycle the value increased by 75% (Good). means that the teacher teaching process and student learning process has increased in cycle II.
Mutación del corporativismo y surgimiento de narrativas populistas. Estudio comparado de los procesos de protesta en Portugal y España en los inicios de la 'Gran Recesión'
Authors: Setien Escamendi German
Published: March 2021

El movimiento de los indignados español y la geração à rasca portuguesa fueron dos expresiones del hastío e indignación de la sociedad que en el año 2011 encabezaron la protesta social ante los efectos de las políticas de austeridad que estaban implementando los gobiernos en ambos países a consecuencia de la crisis económica. Sin embargo, a pesar de la similitud en cuanto al marco contextual y la metodología empleada en las protestas, el movimiento español estaba dotado de una narrativa de carácter populista del que carecía el portugués.
Las diferentes estrategias sindicales, alteraron el tradicional sistema de representación de intereses que se daba en los dos países, repercutiendo decisivamente en sus procesos políticos a partir de la gran recesión. El presente artículo aflora, mediante una investigación comparada de casos más semejantes, la soterrada relación entre la mutación del corporativismo social al neocorporativismo segmentado y el aumento de los discursos y reclamaciones populistas, y contribuye así a poner de relieve nexos causales que han sido tradicionalmente desatendidos en la literatura sobre el populismo.
O currículo de Educação Física no Ensino Médio do estado de São Paulo na voz dos professores: uma avaliação pré-reforma
Authors: Pacheco Gabriel Francisco Zago , Silveira Sérgio Roberto
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do artigo foi investigar percepções de professores de Educação Física do ensino médio do Estado de São Paulo acerca do currículo, em face das próprias experiências e possíveis impactos na reforma curricular. Interpretaram-se através de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo as respostas online de 53 professores, analisando: utilização do currículo, reforma do ensino médio (BRASIL, 2018) e identidade da Educação Física (TANI, 2011). Constatou-se que professores apreendem o currículo em função dos conteúdos, especialmente, “esporte” e “saúde”, entendendo ser esta a principal ênfase de uma revisão. Presumiu-se uma situação de conflito para a educação física no ensino médio com a reforma curricular, dado seu enquadramento na área de Linguagens, a ausência de um delineamento epistemológico, e a necessidade de considerar como pensam e atuam seus atores na prática docente.

Palavras-chave: Educação Física Escolar, Currículo, Prática Docente
Macroeconomic Determinants of Renewable Electricity Technology Adoption in Thailand
Authors: Ungwanitban Jidapa , Taj Salah ud Din
Published: March 2021

Renewable energy plays a significant role in mitigating C02 emission and boosts sustainable development. Initially, this study examines those factors which create hurdles in adopting renewable energy technology in Thailand. Later, this study examined the impact of renewable energy with other supporting variables on Thailand's total energy consumption. For this purpose, this study used 38 years of data from 1990 to 2018. Initially, the Augmented Dickey fuller test applied to verify the order of integration on indicators, and it confirms that there exists a unit order of integration. Then applied Johansen Cointegration, and it confirms that there are long-run relationships among trade openness, GDP, energy consumption (fossil fuels), financial development, and renewable energy consumption. Further applied Vector error correction model (VECM) to estimates the coefficients on indicators. Results confirm that openness to trade endorses the consumption of renewable energy in Thailand. However, the development of the economy and traditional energy resources creates hurdles to adapting renewable energy in Thailand. Renewable energy technology in Thailand did not significantly impact financial growth and development. After the research, the researcher advised the government of Thailand to adopt and implement the regulations and policies that maximize the magnitude of renewable energy and maximize the portion of renewable energy in total consumption of the overall energy consumption for the country Thailand.
The Role of Media Education in Building the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors:   Ph.D. Researcher in Media, Certified International Trainer in Sustainability Applications, Qatar Chamber, Qatar, Muhammad Farrag Mervat Rashad Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

The reality of media education in secondary schools from the perspective of teachers in Qatar. The research significance focused on study the importance of the role of media education in building the concept and responsibilities of sustainable development among school students. The descriptive analytical approach was used to analyze and develop concepts and foundations in order to stand on the ground on the reality of media education and its impact on students in sustainable development. The study sample consisted of (100) teachers and teachers from secondary schools, which were divided by (50) teachers from secondary schools for boys and (50) female school teachers, who were selected in a simple random way. Using the questionnaire form to collect information for the specific sample. The results of the study showed that: 85% of the research sample agreed that media education helps students to form their personality. 39% of the sample agreed that media education is effective and has prominent activities in secondary schools. And 58% of the research sample agree that there is an activation of the means of technology in media education in secondary schools. And 32% of the sample believe that there are many media education activities in secondary schools.
Bacterial Health Risks in the Food of the Infants and Young Children
Authors: Genç Emine , Vural Aydın
Published: March 2021

The immune system of infants and young children is not fully developed. In this period, nutrition is important for both growth and health. Many scientific studies have identified the presence of pathogens or opportunistic pathogens in follow-on formulas and supplementary foods. Contamination of these foods with microorganisms should be prevented during raw material, production, storage and consumption stages. Identification of microorganisms in the food of infants and young children is possibly important for public health. In this study, it is aimed to give information about pathogens, opportunistic pathogens and public health risks in infant and young children’s food.time. The need for comprehensive studies on host immune response is evident.
Investigation of Phospholipase Activity in Candida albicans Strains Isolated From Blood and Oral Cavity Specimens
Authors: Tunç Buğse , Demiray Gürbüz Ebru , Doluca Dereli Mine
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the phospholipase B1, B2, C1 and D1 activities in C.albicans strains isolated from blood cultures and oral cavity specimens. Method: Phospholipase activity of the strains was examined by plate method and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PZT). Results: Twenty-six (86.7%) strains isolated from blood and 24 (80.0%) from oral cavities revealed phospholipase activity by plate method. No statistically significant difference (χ2 =0.48; p=0.49) was observed between the groups. However statistical difference was determined between the mean Pz values (0.6138±0.9823; 0.6988±0.9910) (p=0.007). PLB1 expression was detected in all (100%), PLB2 in 29 (96.7%) and 30 (100.0%), PLC1 in 27 (90%) and 22 (73.3%), PLD1 in 27 (90.0%) and 21 (70.0%) of blood and oral strains, respectively. While no significant difference was detected between PLB1 expression values of the groups (t=-0.307; p=0.760), PLB2 and PLC1 expressions were found to be significantly higher in blood (p=0.043) and oral cavity isolates (p<0.001), respectively. No difference was observed between PLD1 expressions (p=0.732). PLB1, PLB2, PLC1 and PLD1 expressions were 100%, 81.7%, 71.6% and 76.7% in agreement with the plate method. The agreement was 83.3% when all the phospholipase genes were considered. No correlation was detected between the Pz values and phospholipase expressions (p=0.602; p=0.555; p=0.241; p=0,096, respectively). Conclusion: The high rates of phospholipase activity of the C.albicans isolates in our study, support the important roles of these enzymes in virulence. Our results may indicate that phospholipase enzymes encoded by PLB2 and PLC1 genes play more important roles for invasive and oral cavity infections, respectively; however large scale studies are needed on this issue.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis Group Isolates to Clindamycin, Tetracycline and Tigecycline, and Their Possession of tet and ermF Genes, which are Responsible for Resistance
Authors: Tekeş Bermal , Eminoğlu Semra , Sayın Elvam , Ülger Toprak Nurver
Published: March 2021

Objective: We aimed to determine the resistance of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) bacteria to clindamycin, tetracycline and tigecycline and establish the distribution of related resistance genes. Method: In total 82 BFG strains, isolated from different clinical samples between January 2017 and December 2018, were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Their antimicrobial sensitivities to were determined using agar dilution methodology (CLSI; M11-A7). The tetM, tetQ, tetX, tetX1, tet36, and ermF genes were investigated by PCR. Results: Eighty-two strains of BFG bacteria, isolated from intra-abdominal abscess (n=36), tissue biopsy (n=16), blood (n=14) and other sterile body fluids (n=12), were identified as Bacteroides fragilis (n=48), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (n=17), Bacteroides vulgatus (n=5), Bacteroides ovatus (n=4), Bacteroides caccae (n=1), Bacteroides uniformis (n=1) and Parabacteroides distasonis (n=6). The resistance rates to clindamycin, tetracycline and tigecycline were 54.9%, 84.1%, 4.9%, respectively. Non-B. fragilis isolates were more resistant than B. fragilis strains. In total, 57.3% of the isolates were ermF gene positive, while B. thetaiotaomicron had the highest rate (70.6%). The tet gene positivity ranged from 18.8% to 66.7% among species. The tetQ gene positivity was higher than other tet genes. The 92.7% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 94% had at least one resistance gene. Conclusion: This study provided data on antimicrobial resistance of our BFG isolates to clindamycin, tetracycline and tigecycline and the related resistance genes. However, our information obtained could also be a starting point for further investigation of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Bacteroides species, as well as, resistance transfer among BFG isolates and other bacteria.
Density and Diversity of Rotifers from Shore of a Flood Plain, Balloki Head Works
Authors: Hayee Sara , Zahid Leena , Sundas Rabiia , Akhter Naveed , Sulehria Abdul Qayyum Khan
Published: March 2021

The present research work is an investigation of Rotifers from flood plains of Balloki Head Works using diversity indices. Objective: To study the density and diversity of rotifers of flood plain. Methods: collection of rotifers was done from the shore of flood plains from September to July. In total, 15 different species were identified. Rotifers were extracted from soil sample by a customized Baermann Funnel method. A moderate diversity of rotifers was explored by Shannon – Weaver. Simpson index of dominance supported this result. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference in population density of rotifers among months as the p-value was greater than 5% (α= 0.05). Population density of rotifers was negatively correlated with water temperature and pH whereas a positive correlation was observed with electrical conductivity Results: Overall a moderate diversity was observed. Rotifer density and distribution was under the influence of physico-chemical parameters.
Frequency of Hypothyroidism in Chronic Hepatitis C patients treated with Standard Interferon Therapy
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Mumtaz Sami Ullah , Akhtar Hina , Ashraf Kanza , Komal Tayyeba , Qureshi Irshad Hussain
Published: March 2021

Chronic hepatitis C is a major health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is the most common chronic hepatitis leading to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the standard treatment used for hepatitis C is interferon therapy which can lead to thyroid dysfunction i.e. hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Frequency of Renal Diseases in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Arshad Misbah , Ashfaq Mamoona , Sharmeen Zainab , Mazhar Zargham , Ehsan Kashifa
Published: March 2021

Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease is the chronic loss of kidneyfunction occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes ofchronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Protein loss in the urine due todamage to the glomeruli may become massive, and cause a low serum albumin with resulting generalizedbody swelling (edema) and result in the nephrotic syndrome. Objective: The aim of this study was todetermine the frequency of renal disease in diabetic patients and its complications in Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Renal and Diabetic Departments of the Sir GangaRam Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 3 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from The Universityof Lahore. A total number of 100 Diabetic patients were selected through non probability convenientsampling technique. Patients of both sexes and all age groups were included. Results: In this study 60%were male and 40% were female. About 41% diabetic patients were 1-6 month of age, 42% were 1-5 yearsold and 1% of 18-23 years old who had renal diseases while 9% patients were without any renal disease.whereas the prevalence of diabetes is more in infants than others which is 35%. But there was notsignificant association between onset of renal diseases with the onset of diabetes mellitus with p-value0.24.Conclusions: Results of current study showed that diabetes mellitus effecting individuals of all agesequally but there was not significant association between diabetes and renal diseases.
Demographic Profile Associated With Malnutrition
Authors: Khalil Adnan , Bashir Shahid , Al Mostafa Morad Yaser
Published: March 2021

Worldwide, malnutrition is the severe most health problem leading to the highest rate of disease andmortality among children less than 5 years of age. Objective: To find out the association betweenmalnutrition and demographic profile. Methods: 350 malnourished children were chosen by nonprobabilityconvenient sampling technique from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Children wereassessed through pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: 45%malnourished children were 1-3 years of age, majority of the children were females (52%), 89% childrenwere from rural areas, 82.6% children were from low socioeconomic status, 54.6% mothers wereuneducated, 50% malnourished children were not having their own house, 115 malnourished childrenwere having 3 or more siblings and 89 mothers were having less than one year of pregnancy gap.Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status, illiteracy of mothers, rural area, gap between pregnancy andfemale gender has been found to be linked with malnutrition in children below 5 years of age.