bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on stability and in vitro digestion of camellia oil nanoemulsion system
Authors: Xiaoyan Zheng , Lili Zheng , Yaxin Sun , Yang Yang , Binling Ai , Dao Xiao , Shuang Zhong , Zhanwu Sheng
Published: September 2020

The soy protein isolate (SPI) was combined with tea saponin as an emulsifier to prepare camellia oil nanoemulsion, and the stability of camellia oil nanoemulsion was compared with that of soybean protein isolate or tea saponin as emulsifier. The effects of different pH, ionic strength, heating temperature and storage time on the average particle size, ξ-potential and microstructure of camellia oil nanoemulsion prepared by three emulsifiers were studied. The results showed that the nanoemulsions prepared by combining natural emulsifiers (SPI-TS) in the pH range of 5-9 were stable and remained stable in the range of 0-300mm NaCl concentration, but had poor tolerance to high salt environment. After heating at different temperatures (30 °C-90 °C) for 30min, the average particle size, ξ-potential and microstructure of the three emulsions did not change significantly, showing good heating stability. At different storage temperatures (4, 25, 50°C) SPI-TS and TS emulsion could exist stably about four weeks, and had good storage stability. In addition, we performed in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion studies on the digestive properties of camellia oil nanoemulsions. The results showed that the particle size, the ξ-potential of the nanoemulsion changes depend on the type of emulsifier during digestion. The release rate of free fat acids (FFAs) of nanoemulsions after gastrointestinal digestion were all higher than that of the control group. The results showed that the nanoemulsion delivery system could effectively improve the digestion of camellia oil, It was important to improve the bioavailability of camellia oil.
Polyphenolic extract from Artemisia selengensis Turcz ameliorates experimental oral mucositis
Authors: Yuan Fahu , Liu Li , Yu Wenxuan , Zhu Beibei , Sun Siyuan , Jiang Yanbing , Chen De , Zeng Changli
Published: September 2020

Oral mucositis is a common and frequentoccurring disease and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of polyphenolic extract from Artemisia selengensis Turcz (PPAST) in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. Cultured human gingival fibroblast cell HGF-1 was used as an in vitro experimental model to confirm the effect of PPAST inhibition of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on cytotoxicity and its effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines. A rat model of oral ulcer was induced by acetic acid cauterization, and the curative effect of PPAST on oral ulcer was investigated from ulcer area and ulcer duration. PPAST significantly inhibited the toxic effect of LPS on HGF1 cells, improved the survival rate of HGF1 cells, and showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of TNF-α in HGF-1 cell. Treatment with PPAST reduced mucositis scores, promoted oral ulcer healing, and reduced plasma TNF-α levels in rats. Experimental data show that PPAST is safe and effective in the prevention and treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Picking Comb Teeth of Artificial Finger Marigold Flowers
Authors: Zhengdong Qi , Liangliang Li , Guodang Lian , Ping Li , Xiangdong Liu
Published: September 2020

As the key component of mechanical picking device of marigold flower, the structure, size, strength and motion of comb are closely related to the reliability and the rate of picking. In this paper, a mechanical comb for marigold based on bionic finger is designed, and the parameters of structure, row, spacing and outside diameter are designed respectively. Then, the three-dimensional model is established with ANSYS/LS-dyna platform, and the design strength of the comb-type picking mechanism is checked. The results show that the maximum deformation of the comb with 2.3802mm occurs near the top of the tooth during the picking process, which is small and meets the design strength requirements. Finally, the picking process of the comb-type picking mechanism is simulated and the result shows that when the operating speed v is set to 3.0km/h and w is set to 30r/min, the picking effect is good. The above research provides a theoretical reference for the mechanical picking of marigold.
Interactive Design of Bus Station Suitable for Aging Based on Sensory Enhancement
Authors: Yang Shu , Wang Yi , Xuan Yi Xiao
Published: September 2020

Aiming at the problem of the sensory function decline in the elderly, the research intends to improve the optimal aging of bus stops by sensory enhancement interaction design. Though observing the behavior of the elderly and combining the user’s journey map and the KANO model to explore the elderly’s waiting needs at the bus station, it is concluded that the use of visual amplification, voice prompts, handrail dependence and other aspects of sensory enhancement can well improve the interactive design of bus station suitable for the elderly with weak senses, solve the problem of poor information interaction between the elderly and the bus station, and provide ideas for the aging intelligent bus system in the future.
Suggestions on Innovative Design of Hakka Needlecraft arts and Cultural Creative Products
Authors: Wenqing Lai
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the tourism industry in southern Jiangxi, which focuses on Hakka elements, is developing rapidly with a strong momentum. Hakka culture is one of the keywords of the tourism image in southern Jiangxi. The traditional Hakka needlecraft culture in southern Jiangxi is an integral part of Hakka culture. As a tourism creative industry, the traditional Hakka needlecraft culture in southern Jiangxi is regarded as a kind of afterwork. The cultural value of the industry era is affirmed, and its economic value has changed greatly. Thesand gained a new economic basis. Their value orientation is no longer the situation of “good quality and low price”, but because they are rich in humanistic value, emotional value and local characteristics. e female red cultural creative products have been re-recognized through the economic value of tourism development, And get “value for money” brand positioning, this culture has an irreplaceable role in promoting the economy, has great economic value. Compared with the “hard power” of politics and economy, culture is a “soft power”, and its influence and penetration to economy and society are continuous. Hakka needlecraft culture is a treasure of folk art in Jiangxi and even the whole Hakka family. As one of the “soft power” of culture, folk craft has the value of promoting local economic development.
Transformation And Reactivation: The Research Of YuGur Women’s Clothing Under The Digital Media Ecology
Authors: Teng Zhang Zhi
Published: September 2020

National Culture is always embedded with specific space, which supports the field value of cultural. The evolution of minority culture has always been tightly around the specific regional space. The costumes of southern Yugur nationality in GanSu province have always been the most obvious symbol of their culture in the history of their development. In recent years, with the continuous evolution of the mode of spread, especially the digital media-based media ecological intervention in daily life, so that our traditional perception of the habit has quietly shifted. It is urgent to find a new way for the dissemination and re-activation of Yugur people costume culture in southern Yugur nationality in GanSu province under the digital media ecology. Focusing on the dilemma, transformation of Yugur people costume culture with VR take it re-activation, trying to find a new way to the costume culture of Sunan Yugur People in Gansu Province under the digital media ecology, making theoretical expiorations.
Research on Local Culture based on Landscape Design of Characteristic Town
Authors: Juan Zhou , Xinyi Zeng
Published: September 2020

In the construction of characteristic towns, “rural, homesickness, context, inheritance, and development” has been mentioned by people. How to pay attention to ecological nature, focus on local culture, and inherit the cultural context is the key to today’s landscape space design. Taking Longquan city as the research object, through combing and refining the local culture elements, this paper designs a scheme through the concept of “Rongqing” characteristic town landscape, and explores the way to arouse homesickness with the help of design symbols and the integration of tradition and modernity to realize the recurrence of local culture.
Research on Discourse Coherence based on the Analysis Model of Event Chain from the Perspective of Computational Linguistics
Authors: Fan Min , Xu Shanwen
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of network technology, natural language processing has also entered a boom period. Probability and data-driven methods have been widely used in natural language processing. The need for people to extract and retrieve information from the Internet is also increasing, and more and more researchers are trying to use computers to process content related to discourse coherence. Based on the event chain of the text semantic structure representation, this paper proposes a text semantic structure representation model, on the basis of which, text coherent resources can be used for the task of text semantic analysis. Event chain is a necessary condition for discourse coherence, which can be transformed into a computable event chain analysis problem, and can be further formalized as discourse-oriented partial dependency analysis of sentences.
The skewed social image of white South Africans in Nadine Gordimer’s The Conservationist
Authors: Chen Xiangting
Published: September 2020

-In this article he examines the social identity crisis of White South Africans in Nadine Gordimer’s “The Conservationist”. Gordimer describes the psychology, social deformities and human distortions of the repressed white people in post-colonial South Africa. At that time, white South Africans were tortured by colonial guilt and racial contradictions. While recognizing the culture of their European ancestors, they wanted to integrate into the black South African society. This paper analyzes the decline of South African white identity and the phenomenon of white exodus from the perspective of the protagonist’s thoughts and behaviors, and combines the political and social problems during those days.
Research on the Network Teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities under the epidemic situation – Take Guangzhou Nanyang Polytechnic College as an example
Authors: Yan Li
Published: September 2020

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 is unprecedented in its scope and impact. Under the epidemic situation, the special “classroom” under the completely virtual state brought by the implementation of network teaching brings challenges and tests to the ideological and political theory course teaching in colleges and universities, and also provides an opportunity for reform and innovation.

Ideological and political theory course is a key course for the implementation of moral education. In the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, it plays a role in the publicity and education of college students and the guidance of public opinion. For the further implementation of xi jinping, general secretary of COVID 19 epidemic prevention and control of a series of important speech and the important instructions instructions spirit, and the Ministry of Education “closed on teaching, not suspended” requirements, our hospital rapid response, positive response, to carry out the ideological and political theory course network teaching boost war “epidemic” confidence, to ensure the successful completion of the teaching task. In this process, the author realized the shortcomings of our school’s horse academy in information literacy, high-quality online course construction and other aspects, and made clear the direction of reform and innovation.
Application of Case Teaching Method in Computer English Teaching under OBE Mode
Authors: Sun Yu
Published: September 2020

The author of this paper analyzes and studies the problems in the current computer English teaching. At the same time, this article also discusses the application strategy of case teaching method in computer English teaching under OBE mode. Therefore, the method proposed by the author in this article can improve the teaching efficiency and teaching level of computer English to a certain extent.
Study on Energy-saving Lighting Design Method for Interior Zone of High-altitude Highway Tunnel
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Mingyang , Xie Wenjing , Wang Qianyue , Wu Yue , Yang Chang , Zhen Jiangming
Published: September 2020

In order to ensure the driving safety of high-altitude highway tunnel and effectively reduce the lighting cost, this paper adopts the method considering the influence of automobile headlights luminance which combines reaction time incremental theory at different altitudes and lighting design simulation calculation. The paper has studied the design pattern of high-altitude highway tunnel, which are dominated by fixed lighting and supplemented by automotive lighting. The results show that: to ensure driving safety, the luminance of the lighting design for interior zone of highway tunnel increases with the increasing altitude. Based on the supplementary lighting of automobile headlights, the lighting design standards for the interior zone of high-altitude highway tunnel(the altitude is 2000m, 3000m, 4000m, 5000m respectively) are 0.73cd/m2, 0.82cd/m2, 0.91cd/m2, 1.0cd/m2.
Function first or form first—a comparison of two design methods for undergraduate basic course
Authors: Guanyi Xie , Huifang Duan
Published: September 2020

Talking about form and function in the architecture, two major traditions in design are always inevitable. They are two methods of architectural design: the first one is used by Beaux-Art system which takes form and order as the core; the second one is of Bauhuas system which focuses on function. Architecture is closely related to the interior, so are there also two design methods in the field of interior design? Through analysis of interior design textbooks in different academies, it was found that most existing design methods are based on function. Function-based design methods have a series of operable standard methods for function, but also have the problem of high level of functional logic and low level of formal logic. Does interior design also have a design approach starting from form and order and unifying function logic and formal logic? By transplanting the “kit-of-parts approach” in architectural design into interior design, applying the two design methods in undergraduate course of environmental design and comparing the two course design results, it was verified in this paper which design method is easier to balance form and function in basic design course.
Coaching als Werkzeug in der Therapie – Canadian Model of Client-Centred Enablement (CMCE)
Authors: Hiebl Sarah , Wiedemann Florian
Published: September 2020

Um Patienten aktiv in den Therapieprozess einzubinden, benötigen Therapeuten entsprechendes Handwerkszeug. Erlernen sie die im CMCE geforderte Fähigkeit des Coachens, stärkt das die therapeutische Haltung und das berufliche Handeln.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 23 Korean Patients with
Haploinsufficiency of the Short-stature Homeobox-containing Gene
Authors: Lee Jeong-Seon , Kim Hwa Young , Lee Young-Ah , Lee Seong-Young , Cho Tae-Joon , Ko Jung Min
Published: September 2020

Background The short-stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) is
one of the major growth genes in humans. The clinical spectrum of SHOX
haploinsufficiency ranges from Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis to
idiopathic short stature. Herein, we describe the clinical and genetic
characteristics of 23 Korean patients with SHOX deficiency disorders.

Methods Medical records of 23 patients (19 females and 4 males) from 15
unrelated families who were genetically confirmed to have SHOX deficiency
were retrospectively reviewed. SHOX gene deletions or mutations were
determined by sequence analyses using multiplex ligation-dependent probe
amplification, chromosomal microarray, and/or Sanger sequencing
methods.

Results In the 15 families, 9 probands were de novo cases. All 23
patients showed mesomelia. Madelung deformity and tibia vara were observed in 13
(56.5%) and 3 (13.1%) patients, respectively. Genetically, 11
(73.3%) of the 15 families showed SHOX deletions of various
sizes, and the other 4 families harboured SHOX sequence variants. Four
patients had undergone orthopaedic surgeries (3 for tibia vara and 1 for
Madelung deformity). Among 7 patients who had received growth hormone treatment
for ≥1 year, 5 showed good responses, with a median first-year
change-in-height standard deviation score of +0.6. There were no
significant differences in the clinical characteristics of the deletion and
point mutation groups.

Conclusions A high index of suspicion and the genetic confirmation of
SHOX deficiency are helpful for the timely management of the
condition and are needed to provide genetic counselling to the family members of
the patients.
Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Marginal Seal of Indirect Restorations of Composites Bonded with Preheating Resin
Authors: Urcuyo Alvarado Manuel Salvador , Escobar García Diana María , Pozos Guillén Amaury de Jesús , Flores Arriaga Juan Carlos , Romo Ramírez Gabriel Fernando , Ortiz Magdaleno Marine
Published: September 2020

Objective Preheated resins (PR) are considered a cementing agent option for indirect adhesive restorations of composite inlays and onlays. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing, adhesive interface, and microtensile bond strength of indirect adhesive restorations of composites in terms of dentin cemented with PR.

Materials and Methods Standardized Class II preparations were performed on 30 extracted human premolars, impressions were taken, and indirect composite restorations were manufactured. In total, 15 restorations were cemented with PR (ENA HRi, SYNCA), and 15 restorations were cemented with self-adhesive resinous cement (RC) (Relyx U200, 3M ESPE), followed by a thermocycling regime. After that, these were segmented sagittally and longitudinally to evaluate the marginal sealing and the adhesive interface with scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Microtensile bond strength was assessed with a mechanical device (TA. XT Plus C, Stable Micro System).

Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using the two-sample Student’s t-test.

Results The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the degree of microfiltration using PR or RC; however, microtensile bond strength is greater when the restoration is cemented with RC (278.75 N/cm3) than with PR (144.49 N/cm3), and better adjustment and sealing were observed for composite restorations with PR.

Conclusion PR comprise an alternative cementing agent for indirect composite restorations in Class II cavities in premolars.
Entscheider-Blog: Die Notfallversorgung hat dringenden Reformbedarf
Authors: Krohne Christian
Published: September 2020

Eine gute Notfallversorgung kann im Zweifel über Leben und Tod entscheiden und dennoch wurde sie in der Vergangenheit nur als Nischenthema behandelt.
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Nachschub aus dem 3D-Drucker
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: September 2020

Zu Beginn der Pandemie wurden einige Krankenhäuser mit Gesichtsschildern aus dem 3D-Drucker versorgt. Wenn Gesundheitseinrichtungen auch zukünftig bei Engpässen auf Erzeugnisse aus 3D-Druckern zurückgreifen möchten, sollten sie einiges beachten.
Multiple monoenergetic gamma radiography (MMGR) with a compact superconducting cyclotron
Authors: Lee Hin Y. , Henderson Brian S. , Nelson Roberts G. , Danagoulian Areg
Published: September 2020

Smuggling of special nuclear materials and nuclear devices through borders and ports of entry constitutes a major risk to global security. Technologies are needed to reliably screen the flow of commerce for the presence of high-Z materials such as uranium and plutonium. Here, we present an experimental proof-of-concept of a technique that uses inelastic (p,p′) nuclear reactions to generate monoenergetic photons, which provide means to measure the areal density and the effective-Z (Zeff) of an object with an accuracy surpassing that achieved by current methods. We use an ION-12SC superconducting 12 MeV proton cyclotron to produce 4.4, 6.1, 6.9, and 7.1 MeV photons from a variety of nuclear reactions. Using these photons in a transmission mode, we show that we are able to accurately reconstruct the areal densities and Zeff of a test object. This methodology could enable mobile applications to screen commercial cargoes with high material specificity, providing a means of distinguishing common cargo materials from high-Z materials that include uranium and plutonium.
Relaxor (Pb0.7Bi0.3)(Mg0.231Nb0.462Fe0.3)O3 electronic compound for magnetoelectric field sensor applications
Authors: Das S. N.
Published: September 2020

A solid solution between relaxor ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) and multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) has been synthesized by a solid-state chemical reaction route. The comprehensive x-ray diffraction studies of (1 − x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–xBiFeO3 [(1 − x)PMN–xBFO] confirm the realization of stable and orthorhombic crystal systems. From the dielectric study, relaxor behavior has been observed, which is corroborated by a broadened peak and diffusive phase transition. The magnetoelectric (ME) properties have been explored through P–E loop, M–H loop, and magnetoelectric coefficient analyses. The simultaneous occurrence of polarization and magnetization reveals the ME coupling response of the PMN–BFO compounds. Excellent values of PS = 15.94 μc/cm2, Pr = 7.68 μc/cm2, MS = 12.96 emu/g, Mr = 1.25 emu/g, and ME coefficient value of 220 mV/cm Oe for x = 0.3 are obtained, which is helpful for magnetoelectric field sensor applications. To ascertain its sensing capability, a prototype has been developed, and the sensing behavior of the device has been established by placing it near a designed helical coil electromagnetic field generator structure.
Fringe double for self-mixing interference based on the narrow transmission spectrum mapping
Authors: Chen Junbao , Wang Ming , Xia Wei , Hao Hui , Guo Dongmei , Lin Hao
Published: September 2020

In this work, a novel fringe double scheme with a Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity is proposed for self-mixing interferometry based on the narrow transmission spectrum mapping. While the laser beam with self-mixing interference (SMI) propagates through the F–P cavity with the narrow transmission spectrum, the SMI fringe doubles as the optical frequency modulation caused by SMI sweeps the peak of the transmission spectrum of the F–P cavity completely. The doubled SMI signal is very suitable for displacement reconstruction with fringe counting and velocity monitoring with joint time-frequency analysis, since it inherits the merits of the transmission spectrum of the F–P cavity (sharp, neat, and stable). This method has the potential to simplify signal processing and improve the resolution of SMI measurement systems.
Statistical analysis of deformation of a shock wave propagating in a local turbulent region
Authors: Tanaka K. , Watanabe T. , Nagata K.
Published: September 2020

Direct numerical simulation is performed for analyzing the interaction between a normal shock wave and turbulence. The shock wave is initially located in a quiescent fluid and propagates into a local turbulent region. This flow setup allows investigation of the initial transition and statistically steady stages of the interaction. Shock deformation is quantified using the local shock wave position. The root-mean-square (rms) fluctuation in the shock wave position increases during the initial stage of the interaction, for which the time interval divided by the integral time scale increases with Mt2/(Ms2−1), where Mt is a turbulent Mach number and Ms is a shock Mach number. In late time, the rms fluctuation in the shock wave position hardly depends on the propagation time and follows a power law, [Mt2/(Ms2−1)]0.46, whose exponent is similar to the power law exponent of the rms pressure-jump fluctuation reported in experimental studies. Fluctuations in the shock wave position have a Gaussian probability density function. The spectral analysis confirms that the length scale that characterizes shock wave deformation is the integral length scale of turbulence. The fluctuating shock wave position is correlated with dilatation of the shock wave, where the correlation coefficient increases with Mt/(Ms − 1). In addition, the shock wave that deforms backward tends to be stronger than average and vice versa. Mean pressure jumps across the shock wave are different between areas with forward and backward deformations. This difference increases with the rms fluctuation in the shock wave position and is well-represented as a function of Mt2/(Ms2−1).
The effect of the geometric features of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface on the entrainment of a passive scalar into a jet
Authors: Kohan Khashayar F. , Gaskin Susan
Published: September 2020

We consider the scalar concentration field in the proximity of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) of a round momentum-driven turbulent jet at Re = 10 600. Orthogonal cross sections of the jet are taken at 50 nozzle diameters from the nozzle exit using planar laser-induced fluorescence. The conditional scalar concentration is evaluated along the interface-normal direction, identifying the thickness of the TNTI region as 0.64λ (where λ is the Taylor microscale). Conditioning the scalar concentration within the TNTI revealed higher values of the passive scalar in the vicinity of the boundary elements shaped by large vorticity structures, i.e., isosurface points with low curvature (flat regions), small interface angle, and large radial distance from the jet centerline. In contrast, small vorticity structures near the boundary manifesting with high interface curvature, high interface angle, and small radial distance are associated with lower concentration values. Using the current experimental resolution, we find that high concentrations near the far boundary points persist up to a distance of 0.40λ–0.48λ into the TNTI region, after which boundary points closer to the jet centerline exhibit larger concentration values along the interface-normal direction, similar to the fully turbulent region. The cross correlation analysis showed that in regions characterized by low streamwise momentum, there are positive, albeit small, scalar correlations between the non-turbulent and the TNTI regions. The latter may imply local detrainment of the fluid particles containing the scalar at far radial positions.
Dynamics of bacterial deposition in evaporating drops
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Sinha Shubham , Mukherjee Raju , Mampallil Dileep
Published: September 2020

Evaporation of drops almost always deposits their suspended particles at the drop edge. The dynamics of this process and the resulting patterns depend upon various parameters related to the liquid, substrate, and particles. An interesting scenario is interactions among the particles leading to inhomogeneous depositions characterized by distinct edge-growth dynamics. Here, we study a more complex system with bacteria inside the evaporating drop. Bacteria interact like sticky particles forming inhomogeneous clusters, however, with edge-growth dynamics as that of non-interacting particles. We hypothesis that this contradicting behavior is due to the increased randomness introduced by bacteria–substrate interactions. Our findings have importance in understanding the patterns and their formation in growth systems of soft matter.
Functional advantages of Lévy walks emerging near a critical point
Authors: Abe Masato S.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Lévy walks are common biological movements. However, the functional advantages of Lévy walks emerging near a critical point are poorly understood. We modeled Lévy walks based on nonlinear dynamical systems that were the determinants of locomotion. We showed that there could be functional advantages associated with Lévy walks emerging near a critical point, including a large dynamic range to stimuli and highly flexible switching between exploitation and exploration. Moreover, we empirically confirmed these functional advantages by analyzing movement trajectories of freely movingDrosophilalarvae. These findings suggested that commonly observed Lévy walks emerge near a critical point and can be explained based on these functional advantages.
Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic
Authors: Métras Raphaëlle , Edmunds W. John , Youssouffi Chouanibou , Dommergues Laure , Fournié Guillaume , Camacho Anton , Funk Sebastian , Cardinale Eric , Le Godais Gilles , Combo Soihibou , Filleul Laurent , Youssouf Hassani , Subiros Marion
Published: September 2020

Significance

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic hemorrhagic fever, affecting mainly livestock and humans in Africa. Despite its growing global concern, the impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. By combining a unique RVF epidemic dataset covering both livestock and human data in a closed ecosystem (Mayotte island) with a dynamic model, we estimate viral transmission potential among livestock, and from livestock to humans. We also quantify the impact of vaccination in decreasing the epidemic size. We demonstrate that reactive livestock vaccination is key. We present a reference case study for RVF and illustrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.
Microglia depletion exacerbates demyelination and impairs remyelination in a neurotropic coronavirus infection
Authors: Sariol Alan , Mackin Samantha , Allred Merri-Grace , Ma Chen , Zhou Yu , Zhang Qinran , Zou Xiufen , Abrahante Juan E. , Meyerholz David K. , Perlman Stanley
Published: September 2020

Significance

Microglia are the resident phagocytic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). During demyelination, a condition in which myelin sheaths are damaged and removed from neurons due to inflammation, microglia can play both harmful and beneficial roles, but their exact functions are still unclear. Using a drug that depletes microglia, we demonstrate that, after infection with JHMV, a coronavirus that infects the CNS of rodents and causes immune-mediated demyelination, microglia are essential for repair following demyelination. We found that microglia played critical roles in initiating this repair process by clearing myelin debris and producing prorepair factors, both of which promote the presence and the function of oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for repairing and replacing myelin sheaths within areas of damage.
The system of modulation in Japanese
Authors: Iimura Ryuichi
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the system of modulation in
Japanese in the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) (Halliday 1985, 1994, Halliday and
Matthiessen 2004, 2014). It attempts to apply this theory of language to the
description of Japanese modulation, i.e. obligation and inclination.
Unlike many traditional approaches of Japanese modality which confine themselves
to the interpretation of sentence-final elements, the systemic functional
approach posits a text-based, structural-functional account of modality in
relation to the system of speech function. In light of this, the present
study postulates an elaborated framework of modulation in Japanese with
reference to the system network of modulation with typical realization
forms, which contributes to the expansion of the interpersonal meaning
potential in interaction.
The cognitive and linguistic reasoning process of the speaker’s choice of
modal expressions
Authors: Kato Sumi
Published: September 2020

The inability to use modality appropriately observed in
individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is generally viewed as pragmatic
impairment. This
current study explores the divergent modal usage of ASD individuals, viewing
it as a pragmatic impairment to be examined from neurological, cognitive,
and linguistic perspectives. Based on statistical data derived from
observations of how ASD persons use modal expressions while speaking, this
paper clarifies the nature of their pragmatic impairment and proposes a new
model for
research. Although Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) did not explore the
cognitive side of language use, the current study supports the view that
pragmatic competency is primarily a neurocognitive and secondarily a
linguistic function. This is evidenced by the empirical studies of
lexicogrammatical choices made by individuals with cognitive disability such
as ASD, as the current study shows. The central issue is that seeing
pragmatic impairment from the neurocognitive perspective tells us
how various factors (in addition to language) are integrated when normal
people engage in conversational exchange in interpersonal situations.
Using computational essays to scaffold professional physics practice
Authors: B Odden Tor Ole , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: September 2020

This article describes a curricular innovation designed to help students experience authentic physics inquiry with an emphasis on computational modeling and scientific communication. The educational design centers on a new type of assignment called a computational essay, which was developed and implemented over the course of two semesters of an intermediate electricity and magnetism course at the University of Oslo, Norway. We describe the motivation, learning goals, and scaffolds used in the computational essay project, with the intention that other educators will be able to replicate and adapt our design. We also report on initial findings from this implementation, including key features of student-written computational essays, student reflections on the inquiry process, and self-reported conceptual and attitudinal development. Based on these findings, we argue that computational essays can serve a key role in introducing students to open-ended, inquiry-based work and setting the foundation for future computational research and studies.
Simplified synthesis of silver nanoparticles on graphene oxide and their applications in electrocatalysis
Authors: Filip Jaroslav , Wechsler Philipp , Stastny Josef , Malkova Veronika , Minarik Antonin , Vinter Stepan , Osicka Josef
Published: September 2020

In this work the possibility of synthesizing in situ silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces without commonly used additional reducing or alkalizing agents or increased temperature was investigated. Using diverse microscopic (atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy) and spectroscopic methods, it was proved that very small AgNPs were formed on GO by simple incubation for 2 h in a mixture of GO dispersion and AgNO3. The prepared nanomaterial (GO_Ag) was also assessed using electrochemical methods, and it exhibited electrochemical behavior similar to the GO_Ag nanomaterial prepared with a help of citric acid as a reducing agent. Furthermore, it was found that (i) the electrochemical reduction of the GO_Ag on the electrode surface decreased the voltammetric response even though this step increased the surface conductivity and (ii) GO_Ag can be employed for the sensing of chlorides with a detection limit of 79 μM and a linear range of up to 10 mM. It could also provide an electrochemical response toward the chloroacetanilide herbicide metazachlor. Hence, the reducing capabilities of GO were proved to be applicable for in situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles with the highest possible simplification, and the as-prepared nanomaterials could be employed for fabrication of different electrochemical sensors.
Machine learning for nocturnal mass diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in a population at risk of sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Chocron Armand , Efraim Roi , Mandel Franck , Rueschman Michael , Palmius Niclas , Penzel Thomas , Elbaz Meyer , Behar Joachim A
Published: September 2020

Objective: In this research, we introduce a new methodology for atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis during sleep in a large population sample at risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Approach: The approach leverages digital biomarkers and recent advances in machine learning (ML) for mass AF diagnosis from overnight-hours of single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Four databases, totaling n = 3088 patients and p = 26 913 h of continuous single-channel electrocardiogram raw data were used. Three of the databases (n = 125, p = 2513) were used for training a ML model in recognizing AF events from beat-to-beat time series. Visit 1 of the sleep heart health study database (SHHS1, n = 2963, p = 24 400) was used as the test set to evaluate the feasibility of identifying prominent AF from polysomnographic recordings. By combining AF diagnosis history and a cardiologist’s visual inspection of individuals suspected of having AF (n = 118), a total of 70 patients were diagnosed with prominent AF in SHHS1. Main results: Model prediction on SHHS1 showed an overall

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=
0.97
,
S
p
=
0.99
,

NPV

=
0.99

and

PPV

=
0.67

in classifying individuals with or without prominent AF.

PPV

was non-inferior (p = 0.03) for individuals with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 versus AHI <

15

. Over 22% of correctly identified prominent AF rhythm cases were not previously documented as AF in SHHS1. Significance: Individuals with prominent AF can be automatically diagnosed from an overnight single-channel ECG recording, with an accuracy unaffected by the presence of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. This approach enables identifying a large proportion of AF individuals that were otherwise missed by regular care.
Room temperature terahertz detector based on single silicon nanowire junctionless transistor with high detectivity
Authors: Jakhar Alka , Dhyani Veerendra , Das Samaresh
Published: September 2020

In this work, the n-type single silicon nanowire (NW) based junctionless field-effect transistor (FET) is demonstrated as an efficient terahertz (THz) detector. For the effective coupling of the THz radiations with NW junctionless FET, the lobes of the rounded bow-tie antenna are connected to the gate and source terminals of the device. The antenna design is optimized with proper impedance matching conditions to achieve maximum power transfer between antenna and detector. The simulated antenna resonates at 0.43 THz frequency with 19 GHz bandwidth. Further simulations have been done on Lumerical finite difference time domain software to analyze the electric field distribution profile. To investigate the optical response of this optimized antenna design, an array of the simulated antenna has been fabricated and its transmission spectra are measured. Finally, the simulated antenna has been integrated with the n-type NW junctionless transistor. A maximum responsivity of 468 V W−1 at 0.425 THz frequency and noise-equivalent-power of ∼ 10−9W/Hz1/2 is obtained at room temperature. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor’s compatibility, ease of integration on chips, possibility to realize multiple pixel arrays, andscalability to higher frequencies, make this device promising for THz electronics.
State-space optimal feedback control of optogenetically driven neural activity
Authors: Bolus M F , Willats A A , Rozell C J , Stanley G B
Published: September 2020

Objective. The rapid acceleration of tools for recording neuronal populations and targeted optogenetic manipulation has enabled real-time, feedback control of neuronal circuits in the brain. Continuously-graded control of measured neuronal activity poses a wide range of technical challenges, which we address through a combination of optogenetic stimulation and a state-space optimal control framework implemented in the thalamocortical circuit of the awake mouse. Approach. Closed-loop optogenetic control of neurons was performed in real-time via stimulation of channelrhodopsin-2 expressed in the somatosensory thalamus of the head-fixed mouse. A state-space linear dynamical system model structure was used to approximate the light-to-spiking input-output relationship in both single-neuron as well as multi-neuron scenarios when recording from multielectrode arrays. These models were utilized to design state feedback controller gains by way of linear quadratic optimal control and were also used online for estimation of state feedback, where a parameter-adaptive Kalman filter provided robustness to model-mismatch. Main results. This model-based control scheme proved effective for feedback control of single-neuron firing rate in the thalamus of awake animals. Notably, the graded optical actuation utilized here did not synchronize simultaneously recorded neurons, but heterogeneity across the neuronal population resulted in a varied response to stimulation. Simulated multi-output feedback control provided better control of a heterogeneous population and demonstrated how the approach generalizes beyond single-neuron applications. Significance. To our knowledge, this work represents the first experimental application of state space model-based feedback control for optogenetic stimulation. In combination with linear quadratic optimal control, the approaches laid out and tested here should generalize to future problems involving the control of highly complex neural circuits. More generally, feedback control of neuronal circuits opens the door to adaptively interacting with the dynamics underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive signaling, enabling a deeper understanding of circuit function and ultimately the control of function in the face of injury or disease.
Influence of Cosmic Radiation while Testing the Time Reversal Symmetry in the Decay of Ortho-Positronium Atoms using the J-PET detector
Authors: Raj J , Czerwiński E
Published: September 2020

This article reports the influence of cosmic radiation interaction while testing the T-symmetry in metastable triplet states of positronium with the Jagiellonian-Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) detector. The J-PET detector developed at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland is one of its kind being based on organic scintillators. J-PET is an axially symmetric and high acceptance scanner that can be used as a multi-purpose detector system. It is well suited to pursue tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium in addition to medical imaging. Cosmic rays have been considered as a well known source of background while performing test measurements with the J-PET detector. It is important to estimate and reject the significant contribution of the cosmic ray interactions within the J-PET detector in order to improve the sensitivity while testing T-symmetry violation. Therefore, the results of cosmic radiation uniquely being separated due to their large energy deposits in plastic scintillator detectors are shown in this article.
Recent results from SUSY searches with ATLAS and prospects for the HL-LHC
Authors: Ventura A
Published: September 2020

Even if no experimental evidence has been found so far, TeV-scale supersymmetry is still one of the most popular extensions of the Standard Model. This work summarizes some of the most recent results on inclusive searches obtained with the ATLAS detector using about 80 fb−1 of data collected in 2015-2017 at a center-of-mass energy

s

=
13

TeV

. Also prospects on the HL-LHC discovery potential are presented assuming an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 at

s

=
14

TeV

.
Tests of lepton flavour universality at LHCb
Authors: Buonaura A.
Published: September 2020

In the Standard Model the three charged leptons are identical copies of each other, apart from mass differences, and the electroweak coupling of the gauge bosons to leptons is expected to be independent of the flavour. This prediction is called lepton flavour universality (LFU) and is well tested in tree-level decays; any violation of LFU would be a clear sign of physics beyond the Standard Model. Experimental tests of LFU in semileptonic decays of b hadrons and in rare b decays are highly sensitive to models of New Physics in which new, heavy particles couple preferentially to the 2nd and 3rd generations of leptons. Recent results from LHCb on LFU in semileptonic

b
→
c
ℓ
v

transitions and rare

b
→
s
ℓ
ℓ

decays are discussed.
KLEVER: An experiment to measure

BR(KL→π0vv¯)

at the CERN SPS
Authors: van Dijk M W U
Published: September 2020

The KLEVER experiment aims to measure

BR

(

K
L

→

π
0

v

v
¯

)

, supplementing the ongoing NA62 measurement of

BR

(

K
+

→

π
+

v

v
¯

)

, to provide new input on CKM unitarity and potentially new physics. KLEVER is undergoing continuous development, with particular efforts focused on the design of the target and the beamline. As described here, adaptations are required relative to the K12 beamline in its current format, and a series of simulations has been performed to ensure that an adequate particle flux can be achieved while simultaneously suppressing problematic backgrounds.
Collider physics at the intensity and energy frontier – the HL-LHC and beyond
Authors: Meloni F
Published: September 2020

The LHC results have set the stage for the discussion of future high-energy physics facilities. The Higgs boson discovery, with the need of precise measurements of its properties, and the current absence of experimental evidence for new physics open a discussion on the best ways to move forward. This documents summarises recent sensitivity studies for the HL-LHC physics programme and compares them with the opportunities offered by possible future circular collider facilities. The physics potential is highlighted through observation of new particles, new phenomena and precision measurements of Standard Model quantities.
Decarbonizing US passenger vehicle transport under electrification and automation uncertainty has a travel budget
Authors: Alarfaj Abdullah F , Griffin W Michael , Samaras Constantine
Published: September 2020

The transportation sector is at the beginning of a transition represented by electrification, shared mobility, and automation, which could lead to either increases or decreases in total travel and energy use. Understanding the factors enabling deep decarbonization of the passenger vehicle sector is essential for planning the required infrastructure investments and technology adoption policies. We examine the requirements for meeting carbon reduction targets of 80% and higher for passenger vehicle transport in the United States (US) by midcentury under uncertainty. We model the changes needed in vehicle electrification, electricity carbon intensity, and travel demand. Since growth in fleet penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is constrained by fleet stock turnover, we estimate the EV penetration rates needed to meet climate targets. We find for a base case level of passenger vehicle travel, midcentury deep decarbonization of US passenger transport is conditional on reducing the electricity generation carbon intensity to close to zero along with electrification of about 67% or 84% of vehicle travel to meet decarbonization targets of 80% or 90%, respectively. Higher electricity generation carbon intensity and degraded EV fuel economy due to automation would require higher levels of fleet electrification and/or further constrain the total vehicle travel allowable. Transportation deep decarbonization not only depends on electricity decarbonization, but also has a total travel budget, representing a maximum total vehicle travel threshold that still enables meeting a midcentury climate target. This makes encouraging ride sharing, reducing total vehicle travel, and increasing fuel economy in both human-driven and future automated vehicles increasingly important to deep decarbonization.