bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Price of Preserving Neighborhoods: The Unequal Impacts of Historic District Designation
Authors: Oba Tetsuharu , Noonan Douglas Simpson
Published: July 2020

Policies affecting cultural assets are popular yet imperfectly understood tools to shape local economic development. Historic preservation policies, for example, can have markedly different implications for original residents, prospective residents, and developers, even in the same city. Therefore, merely identifying its average effect can obscure important heterogeneity in its impact. This study examines the property value impacts of local and national historic districts across the distribution of property prices and how those differential impacts vary with the restrictiveness of the policy. A quantile regression model identifies the heterogeneity of effects among higher and lower end properties. The results reveal large differences between national and local districts, interior and buffer properties, and for different property values. These findings highlight the importance of and complexity in how housing markets react to attempts to guide local economic development.
Thermoeconomic analysis of solar distillation system with stepped-corrugated absorber plate
Authors: Katekar Vikrant P , Deshmukh Sandip S
Published: July 2020

Solar still is a cost-effective and environment-friendly device to convert saline water into potable by employing solar energy in developing countries; however, it has an inferior thermal performance. This paper presents an attempt to improve energy efficiency and productivity of solar still by improving the design of the absorber plate. Modified solar still has been tested with a stepped-corrugated absorber plate. During the experimentation, it is found that the thermal performance of modified solar still is superior to conventional solar still. The average basin saline water temperature and the temperature difference between saline water and condenser glass cover are higher for stepped-corrugated solar still by 19.67 and 105.75%, respectively, as compared with conventional solar still. The average energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and productivity are found to be 259.61, 418.61 and 147.93% higher for stepped-corrugated solar still. Economic analysis indicates that the cost of distil water production is approximately Rs. 1.73 (0.023 $) per litre, and the payback period is 12 months, with carbon credits earned are approximately Rs. 11,998 (157.76 $).
Condylomata acuminata of the neovagina in a transgender woman treated with trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Fein Lydia A , Marbin Staci J
Published: July 2020

Condylomata acuminata (genital warts) have been identified in transgender women after gender affirmation surgery. We describe a case of a 57-year-old transgender woman with biopsy-proven neovaginal condylomata acuminata following gender-affirmation vaginoplasty using the penile skin inversion technique. The patient was successfully treated with trichloroacetic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating successful treatment of neovaginal condyloma with trichloroacetic acid. We provide a review of the relevant literature and highlight the evidence for the clinical utility of trichloroacetic acid in transgender women with condyloma of the neovagina.
The Dynamic-Processing Model of Working Memory
Authors: Rose Nathan S.
Published: July 2020

Recent shifts in the understanding of how the mind and brain retain information in working memory (WM) call for revision to traditional theories. Evidence of dynamic, “activity-silent,” short-term retention processes diverges from conventional models positing that information is always retained in WM by sustained neural activity in buffers. Such evidence comes from machine-learning methods that can decode patterns of brain activity and the simultaneous administration of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to causally manipulate brain activity in specific areas and time points. TMS can “ping” brain areas to both reactivate latent representations retained in WM and affect memory performance. On the basis of these findings, I argue for a supplement to sustained retention mechanisms. Brain-decoding methods also reveal that dynamic levels of representational codes are retained in WM, and these vary according to task context, from perceptual (sensory) codes in posterior areas to abstract, recoded representations distributed across frontoparietal regions. A dynamic-processing model of WM is advanced to account for the overall pattern of results.
Enlisting accounting history in the contest between competing visions of accounting systems: Tommaso Zerbi and the origin of double-entry bookkeeping
Authors: Antonelli Valerio , Bigoni Michele , D’Alessio Raffaele , Marcello Raffaele
Published: July 2020

Biographical research has attracted a significant level of interest from the accounting history community. Nevertheless, most of these studies are focused on documenting the life and work of renowned accounting scholars and practitioners. This study seeks to investigate the work of an author who is yet to attract the attention of the international community, Tommaso Zerbi, in close connection with the social and academic context in which this work was developed. The study emphasises the political and militant role that accounting history may play in academic communities by showing how accounting history research is not necessarily a value-free endeavour in the generation of new knowledge but can be enlisted in ensuring the success of a specific understanding of accounting systems in the context of academic struggles. Although mainly aiming at contributing to a national debate, the originality and value of Zerbi’s work ended up offering a significant contribution to the international debate on the origin of double-entry bookkeeping.
Experimental assessment of self-healing nature in aluminum-based smart composites with NiTi wires and solder alloy as healing agents through Taguchi approach
Authors: Srivastava Vaibhav , Gupta Manish
Published: July 2020

In this article, the healing assessment of the AA2014 matrix reinforced with NiTi wires and solder alloy as healing agents is investigated through flexural testing. The idea of a smart composite was such that it could retain its structural stability through NiTi wires reinforced, which ultimately heals the macro cracks, whereas the solder alloy binds the micro-cracks by filling through the gap after heat treatment. The objective of this work is to determine the parameters influencing self-healing assessments. Specimens with different shape memory alloy vol% (0.5%, 1.3%), specimen size (1, 2) and shape memory alloy wires diameter (0.47 mm, 0.96 mm) were fabricated for analysis. Furthermore, Taguchi orthogonal columns of L8 (4^1 2^3) array technique was implemented to study the observations from different experimental runs. Healing temperature (i.e. 600°C) was selected such that it could take advantage of the compositional healing of the matrix. The completely damaged specimens through the bend test were thermally treated at different healing durations (30, 60, 90, 120 min) in a furnace to activate healing. The results show that a maximum of 96.95% of crack depth, 100% of crack width, and 73.76% of the recovery in flexural strength was recovered after heat treatment.
Design and modeling of an innovative magnetorheological fluid-elastomeric damper with compact structure
Authors: Jiang Rilang , Rui Xiaoting , Wang Guoping , Yang Fufeng , Zhu Wei , Wei Min
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present work is to propose an innovative magnetorheological fluid-elastomeric damper which is applied to small amplitude vibration reduction occasions, especially for helicopter rotor. The damper is compact in structure and possesses the controllable dynamic characteristics. The magnetic circuit structure of the damper is designed and optimized emphatically in order to ensure its rationality. After the completion of the prototype, the damper is tested by a hydraulically actuated dynamic testing system under different excitation amplitudes, excitation frequencies, and input currents. Subsequently, a new phenomenological model is established to describe the nonlinear behavior of the proposed magnetorheological fluid-elastomeric damper. A series of parameter identification is conducted to fit both this model and Bouc–Wen model to experimental data for the purpose of verifying the accuracy of the established model.
Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) for Treatment of Autoimmune Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dougherty John A. , Yarsley Robyn Lupoli
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (aHIT), including platelet recovery, IVIG dose, dosing weight, IVIG product used, and complications reported.

Data Sources:

PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception through June 21, 2020. Search terms included heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, HIT, intravenous immune globulin, IVIG, autoimmune HIT, aHIT, and immune globulin.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Patients administered IVIG for HIT and diagnosed by immunoassay (optical density ≥2) or positive activation assay were included.

Data Synthesis:

Twenty-four cases were reviewed; 92% had persistent aHIT. Time to IVIG administration post–nonheparin anticoagulant initiation was 9 days (median). Most common IVIG cumulative dose was 2 g/kg (dosed as 1 g/kg/d for 2 consecutive days); 75% had a favorable platelet increase (≥50 × 109/L) within 5 days of initial IVIG dosing.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

aHIT is characterized by critically low platelets, thrombosis, and a persistent delay in platelet recovery despite treatment with a nonheparin anticoagulant. An immunoassay and subsequent confirmatory activation assay (at low, high, and 0 IU/mL unfractionated heparin levels) is recommended to confirm diagnosis. Patients nonresponsive to nonheparin anticoagulants within 5 days of initiation should be evaluated for IVIG treatment (2 g/kg cumulative dose). More data are needed to clarify appropriate IVIG dosing weight, although based on current published literature, it is recommended to use actual body weight.

Conclusions:

Data reported support use of IVIG as adjunctive therapy for patients with aHIT. Judicious IVIG use based on key clinical and laboratory findings is critical.
Exploring Numerical Framing Effects: The Interaction Effects of Gain/Loss Frames and Numerical Presentation Formats on Message Comprehension, Emotion, and Perceived Issue Seriousness
Authors: Lee ByungGu , Liu Jiawei , Choung Hyesun , McLeod Douglas M.
Published: July 2020

Statistical information permeates media messages, but little is known about how the use of different presentation formats influences message processing. Thus, we explore numerical framing effects by examining how presentation formats interact with gain/loss frames to alter message processing and issue perceptions. We found that logically equivalent information embedded in gain/loss frames generated different levels of comprehension when it was presented in a frequency format. The gap, however, disappeared when it was displayed in a percentage format. Different comprehension levels then shaped negative emotions differently, which in turn affected perceived issue seriousness. Mediational analyses tentatively suggest that numerical framing occurred through cognitive and emotional responses. The implications are discussed.
ADHD as a Risk Factor for Infection With Covid-19
Authors: Merzon Eugene , Manor Iris , Rotem Ann , Schneider Tzipporah , Vinker Shlomo , Golan Cohen Avivit , Lauden Ari , Weizman Abraham , Green Ilan
Published: July 2020

Background: ADHD limits the ability to comply with Covid-19 prevention recommendations. We hypothesized that ADHD constitutes a risk factor for Covid-19 infection and that pharmacotherapy may lower that risk. Methods: Study population included all subjects ( N = 14,022) registered with Leumit Health Services between February 1st and April 30, 2020, who underwent at least one Covid-19 test. Data were collected from the electronic health records. Purchasing consecutively at least three ADHD-medication-prescriptions during past year was considered drug-treatment. Results: A total of 1,416 (10.1%) subjects (aged 2 months–103 years) were Covid-19-positive.They were significantly younger, and had higher rates of ADHD (adjOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.27–1.96, p < .001) than Covid-19-negative subjects. The risk for Covid-19-Positive was higher in untreated-ADHD subjects compared to non-ADHD subjects [crudeOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.36–1.89, p < .001)], while no higher risk was detected in treated ones [crudeOR 1.07 (95% CI 0.78–1.48, p = .65)]. Conclusion: Untreated ADHD seems to constitute a risk factor for Covid-19 infection while drug-treatment ameliorates this effect.
The Road to Vaping: E-cigarette Susceptibility and Curiosity Among U.S. Adolescents Susceptible and Nonsusceptible to Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Ebrahimi Kalan Mohammad , McKelvey Karma , Ibrahimou Boubakari , Trucco Elisa M. , Ben Taleb Ziyad
Published: July 2020

Background. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among adolescents. We aimed to identify factors associated with e-cigarette susceptibility and curiosity among adolescents who are and are not susceptible to cigarette smoking. Method. Data were drawn from the 2018 U.S. National Youth Tobacco Survey. The study sample comprised 13,428 never cigarette or e-cigarette users. Four distinct weighted multivariable regression models were performed to assess associations between covariates and e-cigarette curiosity and susceptibility. Results. Among adolescents susceptible to smoking cigarettes, non-Hispanic (NH) Black participants were less likely to be susceptible to (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 0.67]) and curious about (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.39, 0.95]) e-cigarettes than NH Whites. Among adolescents nonsusceptible to smoking cigarettes, Hispanics were more susceptible to (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.04, 1.71]) and curious about (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.02, 1.62]) e-cigarettes than NH Whites. Among adolescents (both susceptible and nonsusceptible to smoking cigarettes), being female, exposure to e-cigarette aerosol in public places, exposure to e-cigarette ads at point-of-sale, and having low perceived harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes versus cigarettes were associated with having greater odds of susceptibility toward and curiosity about e-cigarette use. Conclusions. Future regulatory policies and tobacco control prevention campaigns should focus on increasing health awareness (e.g., potential harm and addictiveness) of e-cigarettes among adolescents and restrict marketing and the use of e-cigarettes in public places.
Simplistic policy, skewed consequences: Taking stock of English physical education, school sport and physical activity policy since 2013
Authors: Lindsey Iain , Metcalfe Sarah , Gemar Adam , Alderman Josie , Armstrong Joe
Published: July 2020

The period from 2013 to 2019 was one of relative continuity in policies for physical education (PE), school sport and physical activity (PESSPA) in England. Starting from the advent of the government’s flagship PE and Sport Premium (PES Premium) initiative in 2013, the end of the period was reached 20 with renewed uncertainty in 2020 about the future of PESSPA policy. It is therefore an appropriate point for this article to ‘take stock’ of PESSPA policies and their consequences since 2013. The political science literature on policy design underpins the approach to considering the mix of both policy goals and those instruments used by governments to achieve them. To do so, a comprehensive set of policy documents, published reports, academic literature and empirical research on schools’ use of the PES Premium was interrogated. Policy goals articulated by government since 2013 reinforced, rather than resolved, long-standing debates about the purpose of PESSPA. Health-related objectives rose in prominence, but sat uneasily alongside continued commitments to competitive sport. Only a narrow range of the policy instruments available to governments were used in pursuit of their policy goals. PES Premium funding was solely distributed to primary schools, with limited use of regulation and information systems to shape PESSPA provision. These aspects of policy design contributed to increasing reliance on external coaches in primary schools and indicators of a decline in secondary school provision and participation, resonant of prioritisation of short-term approaches over longer-term strategic development. Possibilities for improving future PESSPA policies are considered as a result.
‘I’m getting the balls to say no’: Trajectories in long-term recovery from problem substance use
Authors: Webb Lucy , Clayson Amanda , Duda-Mikulin Eva , Cox Nigel
Published: July 2020

This study uses individualisation theory to explore identity transition in substance misuse recovery. Identity narratives gained over 4 years from co-produced video/audio interview and video diary accounts were co-productively collected and analysed using framework analysis. Results indicate a trend towards individualistic and agentic identity as recovery trajectories progress over time. Within-case analysis demonstrates agentic growth for most participants, from early-stage gratitude and reliance on support groups to self-determination and independent decision-making. This early work exploring longer-term recovery adds to the current recovery and social identity discussion and provides evidence of identity growth in longer-term stages of recovery.
Adapting ‘Tame Your Gut’ for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and co-morbid anxiety and/or depression
Authors: Hanlon Inna , Hewitt Catherine , Evans Subhadra , Taylor Jo , Selinger Christian , Mikocka-Walus Antonina
Published: July 2020

This qualitative study collected stakeholders’ views on adapting an existing online psychotherapy programme, ‘Tame Your Gut’, to the needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and comorbid anxiety and/or depression. Adult patients ( n = 13) and health professionals ( n = 12) participated in semi-structured focus groups or interviews, analysed with a thematic analysis. Patients had a generally positive attitude towards ‘Tame Your Gut’, while health professionals saw it as useful for selected patients only. Both groups indicated their preference for clinician-assisted online psychotherapy. ‘Tame Your Gut’ is acceptable to patients and health professionals but only when supported by clinicians.
Percutaneous hernia repair in children: Safe to introduce
Authors: Danielson Johan , Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Högberg Niclas
Published: July 2020

Background and objective:

In 2014 we introduced percutaneous internal ring suture as an alternative to open surgery for the treatment of inguinal hernia. This study aims to evaluate the introduction of the procedure at our institution.

Methods:

In total, 100 consecutive patients operated with percutaneous internal ring suture were compared with 100 consecutive patients operated with open surgery. The patients were operated from August 2014 until November 2017. Patient demographics, clinical history, operative time, time in theater, and postoperative complications were extracted from charts.

Results:

The mean operative time for percutaneous internal ring suture was 26.54 min and for open surgery 39.94 min, P < 0.0001. The total mean operative theater time for percutaneous internal ring suture was 108.95 min and for open surgery 118.4 min, P = 0.0343. During follow-up, two percutaneous internal ring sutures were operated for recurrent hernia. In the open surgery-group, three patients were operated for recurrent hernia, three for secondary testicular retention, and three for metachronous contralateral hernia.

Conclusions:

Even when established as a new technique, the percutaneous internal ring suture procedure is safe and results in shorter operative time and shorter theater time compared to open surgery.
Trace publics as a qualitative critical network tool: Exploring the dark matter in the #MeToo movement
Authors: Barnes Naomi
Published: July 2020

The relationship between the daily practice of personal politics and digitally networked publics amplify a familiar shaping and reshaping of the social. This article expands on nascent critiques of nodocentrism as a contemporary representation of the social in new media research to begin to advance a digital methods multidisciplinary project. Trace publics as a qualitative critical network (QCN) approach considers how representations developed by big social data analysis are shaped by everyday practices. Using the #MeToo phenomenon as an analogous frame, I show how trace publics can be used as a theoretical and methodological device for deconstructing, co-constructing, and reconstructing representations in social media research. The goal of such a proposal is to encourage future critical network and data research to consider the ethical ramifications of nodocentric representations of the social and the methodological possibilities of trace publics.
Genealogies across the cold war divide: The case of the Pontic Greeks from the former Soviet Union and their ‘affinal repatriation’
Authors: Voutira Eftihia
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on two historical moments in time and geographical locations, significantly situated at the beginning and the end of the Cold War of the Pontic Greeks’ recent past. The significance of these moments relates to the two encounters between the two formerly isolated groups of Pontic Greeks, separated by the Cold War divide: one in the East (FSU) and the other in the West (Greek nation state). It addresses the continuous reconceptualisation of state-family relations, including the Soviet policies of the state as family. The main hypothesis is that in the case of the Pontic Greeks ‘repatriation’, normally seen as ‘return to a place’, should be construed as ‘affinal repatriation’, meaning ‘return to each other’. The paper considers alliance theory (affinity by marriage), thus expanding the traditional concept of kinship (as consanguinity) while maintaining the idiom of belonging, including ideological foes as defined by the Cold War Divide.
Affirmative action policy: Inclusion, exclusion, and the global public good
Authors: Gururaj Suchitra , Somers Patricia , Fry Jessica , Watson Del , Cicero Francesca , Morosini Marilia , Zamora Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Social inclusion policy in higher education—also referenced as affirmative action, reservations, schedules, or antidiscrimination—has been used widely to promote equity and access for minority and historically discriminated subgroups who wish to participate in tertiary education. Inclusion is often protected de jure through a country’s constitution. Even so, the effects of the legislation vary according to the context within which it was instituted. This article offers a comparative review of the historical and legal evolution of social inclusion in higher education in Brazil, India, South Africa, and the United States and the educational outcomes created by systems of social inclusion around the world. The development and impacts of these policies are discussed within the frameworks of social inclusion and critical legal studies to suggest that social inclusion policy links higher education to its place.
Addition of an Oblique Interfragmentary Screw to T-plate Fixation Decreases Nonunion Rate in Trapeziometacarpal Arthrodesis
Authors: Pflibsen Lacey R. , Noland Shelley S. , Eells Annica C. , Smith Anthony A.
Published: July 2020

Background: T-plate fixation is a popular method for trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis in patients with osteoarthritis. Previous studies report an 8% to 18% rate of symptomatic nonunion and a 26% rate of radiographic nonunion. In this study, we present our surgical technique of trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis using the addition of an oblique interfragmentary screw to T-plate fixation on the rate of symptomatic and radiographic nonunion. Methods: A retrospective review of all trapeziometacarpal arthrodeses for osteoarthritis was completed by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2018. Preoperative demographics, pain, and Eaton classification were included. The technique was identical in all surgical cases, using a T-plate and oblique interfragmentary screw across the arthrodesis site from the metacarpal to the trapezium. Postoperative nonunion rate and time to clinical healing (absence of pain) and radiographic union were reviewed. Results: A total of 22 trapeziometacarpal arthrodeses were performed on 17 patients using the above technique. The average age was 53 years, 71% were women, and 53% involved the dominant hand. Mean preoperative Eaton classification was 2.74 (±0.73). Mean time to clinical healing was 34 days (±12 days), and mean time to radiographic union was 55 days (±23 days). Mean follow-up was 9 months, and no patients were found to have symptomatic or radiographic nonunion. Hardware removal was required bilaterally in 1 patient after complete healing. Conclusions: The addition of an oblique interfragmentary screw to T-plate fixation is a novel technique in trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis, resulting in no symptomatic or radiographic nonunion.
Utilization of the large-bore Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter in thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: A single-center experience
Authors: Amireh Abdallah O , Kuybu Okkes , Adeeb Nimer , Kelley Roger E , Javalkar Vijayakumar , Cuellar Hugo , Sharma Pankaj
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose

The Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter is used in the revascularization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke. Description of its use in clinical practice remains limited. Our purpose is to describe our initial experience with the Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter and to report on its safety and efficacy in different thrombectomy techniques.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 50 patients treated with thrombectomy using the Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter. Mean patient age and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were 70.6 and 17.76, respectively. The most common sites of vessel occlusion were the M1 segment (72%) followed by distal internal carotid artery (14%). Thrombectomy was performed using the direct aspiration first-pass technique and/or aspiration in conjunction with a stent retriever.

Results

Revascularization was achieved in a total of 44 cases (88%). Successful navigation of the Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter to the occlusion site with clot engagement was achieved in 94% of cases. Mean time from vascular access to revascularization was 31.60 min. No catheter-related complications occurred. Clinical outcome data were collected from 43 patients (86%). Of those patients, 51% achieved good outcome (modified Rankin score of 0–2) at 60 or more days follow-up, 28% had poor outcome (modified Rankin score of 3–5), and 9 patients died (21%).

Conclusion

The use of the Penumbra JET 7 reperfusion catheter for treatment of acute ischemic stroke was observed to be safe and effective with appropriate revascularization outcomes in different thrombectomy techniques.
Effect of ambient pressure oscillation on the primary breakup of cylindrical liquid jet spray
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Shin Dong-hyuk
Published: July 2020

The present simulation study investigates the effects of ambient pressure oscillation on cylindrical liquid jet sprays, using the volume of fluid method. The research is motivated by combustion instability in combustion engines, where strong harmonic pressure oscillation can damage internal structures. Oscillating pressure modulates not only the fuel mass flow rate but also the ambient gas density and liquid surface tension, and in liquid sprays, the ambient fluid density and surface tension can have substantial effects on spray breakup. In order to investigate the multiple property changes with ambient pressure oscillation, therefore, a new solver in OpenFOAM is developed. In the solver, liquid mass flow rate, ambient gas density, and liquid surface tension change simultaneously as a result of pressure oscillation. Simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number of 2000 and Weber number over 2000, conditions that are conducive to primary breakup in laminar flows. The simulations show that oscillations in ambient pressure significantly strengthen the surface instability of the liquid ligament, which depends on the surface tension–pressure coefficient, the mean pressure, and the amplitude of oscillation.
Creativity in retirement: psychosocial experiences of recently retired people participating in a creative arts project
Authors: Burns Jane , Oliver Sue , Karkou Vicky
Published: July 2020

Aims:

A growing body of research literature features the provision of arts experiences for the older person but less attention has been given to those who are in the early years of retirement. This qualitative study aims to contribute to the existing field through exploring the contribution that creativity, in the form of active participation in the arts, can make upon the older person’s transition to retirement.

Methods:

A total of 15 recently retired people in a Scottish town were invited to participate in a qualitative project which explored, using the creative arts, the participants’ psychological and social experiences during this period of transition. The emphasis was on participants’ active, rather than passive, involvement in different art modalities. An action research methodology was adopted, involving a circular flexible design. Qualitative information was generated through focus groups, participant observations and group discussions with participants attending arts workshops. Participants were also invited to record their thoughts and observations anonymously in written form. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Two co-researchers, who were recently retired people from outside the community, took part as participant observers.

Results:

Key findings indicated that the need to feel challenged and stimulated was paramount for feelings of wellbeing. The feeling of belonging to a community was considered important and could be derived from creative arts activities. Psychological and social benefits of arts participation were derived from active participation, primarily in creating original work.

Conclusion:

Participants had disparate experience of arts but were united in their search for creative fulfilment. Implications for appropriate provision were considered.
COVID-19: Capitalist and postcapitalist perspectives
Authors: Nelson Anitra
Published: July 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses of capitalism as an economy and polity, and revealed the latent potential of postcapitalism. A novel coronavirus is more likely to arise given massive industrial agriculture; the state of health care sectors is a result of neoliberal policies; the pandemic’s impacts were characterised by capitalist inequities; economic repercussions expose a crisis-prone system. Conversely, responses included pandemic solidarity and sharply increasing mutual aid groups. Postcapitalist currents have been arguing for localisation of economies and autonomous governance for decades; the Covid-19 pandemic reveals the rationale for these calls and the urgency to apply such approaches.
Efficacy and Safety of Intra-Articular Cell-Based Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ding Wei , Xu Yong-qing , Zhang Ying , Li An-xu , Qiu Xiong , Wen Hong-jie , Tan Hong-bo
Published: July 2020

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and secondary osteogenesis. Cell-based agents, such as mesenchymal stem cells, have turned into the most extensively explored new therapeutic agents for OA. However, evidence-based research is still lacking.

Methods

We searched public databases up to February 2020 and only included randomized controlled trials. The outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and serious adverse events (SAEs). A network meta-analysis was also performed in this work.

Results

We included 13 studies in the meta-analysis. The effect size showed that cell-based therapy did not significantly reduce the WOMAC score at the 6-month follow-up (standard mean difference [SMD] −3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.90 to 0.18; P = 0.1928). However, cell-based therapy significantly improved the KOOS at the 12-month follow-up (SMD 0.68; 95% CI 0.07-1.30; P = 0.0288) and relieved pain (SMD −1.05; 95% CI −1.46 to −0.64; P < 0.0001). The findings also indicated that high-dosage adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) may be more advantageous in terms of long-term effects.

Conclusions

Cell-based therapy had a better effect on KOOS improvement and pain relief without safety concerns. However, cell-based therapy did not show a benefit in terms of the WOMAC. Allogeneic cells might have advantages compared to controls in the WOMAC and KOOS scores. The long-term effect of high-dose ADMSC treatment for OA is worthy of further study.
Do Narcissists Self-Enhance? Disentangling the Associations Between Narcissism and Positive Versus Enhanced Self-Views Across Aspects of Narcissism, Content Domains, and Comparison Criteria
Authors: Mielke Ina , Humberg Sarah , Leckelt Marius , Geukes Katharina , Back Mitja D.
Published: July 2020

Across psychological disciplines, grandiose narcissism and self-enhancement have been treated as two closely related constructs. However, empirical research has not yielded conclusive insights about their association: It is currently unclear whether self-views of narcissistic individuals are more enhanced, in comparison with some criterion value, or whether their self-views are simply more positive than those of less narcissistic individuals. We aimed to clarify this fundamental issue with regard to (a) different aspects of narcissism (narcissistic admiration and rivalry), (b) different content domains of self-views (agency and communion), and (c) different criteria against which self-perceptions were compared (reputations, perceptions of others, and objective criteria). We used data from two multimethodological studies ( N = 420) and applied condition-based regression analyses, a statistical approach that is suitable for differentiating between self-enhancement and the mere positivity of self-views. Results contradicted general claims of narcissism as the “self-enhancer personality” and highlighted more specific patterns of narcissistic self-evaluations.
Decellularised scaffolds: just a framework? Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: García-Gareta Elena , Abduldaiem Yousef , Sawadkar Prasad , Kyriakidis Christos , Lali Ferdinand , Greco Karin Vicente
Published: July 2020

The use of decellularised matrices as scaffolds offers the advantage of great similarity with the tissue to be replaced. Moreover, decellularised tissues and organs can be repopulated with the patient’s own cells to produce bespoke therapies. Great progress has been made in research and development of decellularised scaffolds, and more recently, these materials are being used in exciting new areas like hydrogels and bioinks. However, much effort is still needed towards preserving the original extracellular matrix composition, especially its minor components, assessing its functionality and scaling up for large tissues and organs. Emphasis should also be placed on developing new decellularisation methods and establishing minimal criteria for assessing the success of the decellularisation process. The aim of this review is to critically review the existing literature on decellularised scaffolds, especially on the preparation of these matrices, and point out areas for improvement, finishing with alternative uses of decellularised scaffolds other than tissue and organ reconstruction. Such uses include three-dimensional ex vivo platforms for idiopathic diseases and cancer modelling.
Analysis of Crash Severity for Hazard Material Transportation Using Highway Safety Information System Data
Authors: Song Xiuguang , Wu Jianqing , Zhang Hongbo , Pi Rendong
Published: July 2020

Crash severity, as a major concern in the routing and scheduling of hazardous material shipments, has caused great loss of lives and property damage every year. Although abundant studies have been conducted to identify the relationship between different factors on crash severity, the analysis of the severity of hazard material transportation (HMT) crashes is very limited. Factors including road, vehicle, driver, and environment are not well considered in previous studies. This article analyzed the influence of various factors on HMT crash severity using Highway Safety Information System data. The random forest combined with the ordered logistic model is used for factor analysis. The results showed that annual average daily traffic, fatigues/asleep, number of lanes, speeding, adverse weather, and light are the six most important factors affecting HMT crash severity. Different from the non-HMT crashes, driver factor (e.g., driver age, gender, and drug/alcohol influence) was found to be not significantly related to crash severity. Speeding should be strictly forbidden for HMT drivers, considering the potential increased crash severity. Increasing the level of lighting can help reduce the number of severe crashes. The corresponding recommendations were provided based on the regression results.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Online Publications Ideology: A Case of Middle Eastern Online Publications
Authors: Tartory Raeda
Published: July 2020

This study assesses the reflection of Middle Eastern media networks on the states and the news concerning the oil crisis and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) conditions. A critical discourse analysis approach is adopted to analyze 22 articles from Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya regarding the Qatar withdrawal from OPEC. The ideological choices vary as Al Jazeera is focused on the Qatar economy, while Al Arabiya on Saudi Arabia. These online publications have presented a positive self-presentation of their funded country while the negative representation of the other. Al Jazeera has pointed that the exit of Qatar from the OPEC is to focus on its other non–oil production sector, while Al Arabiya has pointed that this exit is due to the primary role of Saudi Arabia, with which Qatar has an on-going conflict. Qatar is symbolic to broaden regional division, which may later diffuse to other OPEC members and will leave no mark on the decision-making process of the alliance.
Clinical features and risk factors for mortality in patients with open pelvic fracture: A retrospective study of 46 cases
Authors: Guo Qingshan , Zhang Letian , Zhou Siru , Zhang Zhiyang , Liu Huayu , Zhang Lianyang , Talmy Tomer , Li Yang
Published: July 2020

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, current management strategies, and outcomes of open pelvic fracture patients.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of data on patients with blunt trauma and open pelvic fractures admitted to our trauma center over a 5-year period (January 2013 to December 2017). Demographic as well as clinical data including injury mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), fracture classifications, transfusion requirements, interventions, length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and prognosis were investigated. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the risk variables of death. Finally, a brief literature review was performed to understand the current capacity of treatment and prognosis of this type of injury.

Results:

Forty-six patients (36 male and 10 female) were included in this study, mean age 43.2 ± 14.2 years. The overall mortality rate was 17.4%; 43.5% of the patients were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg) on arrival. The average ISS was 31.7 ± 6.7, and the average packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion during the first 24 h was 9.6 ± 7.4 units. Five patients (10.9%) underwent transcatheter arterial embolization in the early stage of management. The average hospital and ICU length of stay were 53.0 ± 37.6 days and 14.3 ± 15.3 days, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in ISS, PRBC units received with the first 24 h, SBP, lactate and base excess on admission, and mechanism of injury when comparing between the death and the survival groups ( p < 0.05). ISS and lactate on admission were found to be the independent risk factors for mortality.

Conclusion:

The mortality rate of open pelvic fractures remains high. ISS and lactate on admission were the independent risk factors for mortality. Optimization of the trauma care algorithms for early identification and treatment of this injury could be the key to decreasing mortality.
Dying to Belong: The Importance of Familiarity in Later Life
Authors: Carragher Lucia , Ryan Catherine
Published: July 2020

Despite the large amount of research into loneliness, the evidence base around effective ways of tackling loneliness among older adults is limited. Up to one-half of all older adults regularly feel lonely, negatively impacting physical and mental health. In light of population aging, family dispersal, and in the aftermath of COVID-19, it is vital that we grow the evidence base around the lived experience of older people, knowing what they want and why, and ensuring community services and supports are meaningful to them. Method: Three focus groups were held with community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. Results: Loneliness is associated with the loss of familiarity and connection to community. Conclusions: Understanding loneliness in later life is increasingly important with population aging. As plans for ending confinement linked to COVID-19 are devised, a mechanism is urgently needed to sustain the positive changes to communities which have meaningfully connected with older adults.
The borderization of waiting: Negotiating borders and migration in the 2011 Syrian civil conflict
Authors: Ilcan Suzan
Published: July 2020

The past several decades have witnessed diverse techniques of border control and migrant experiences and negotiations of border controls. This article focusses on the spatio-temporal dimensions of border control that underscore the deceleration of migration movements and stimulate certain kinds of agency, processes that bring attention to what is referred to as the borderization of waiting. Drawing on and contributing to critical migration and border studies, the analysis first draws attention to city street protests in Syria that demanded political change, which in turn created powerful responses including the expansion of protests against the state, the circulation of fear by the state, and the movements of people out of Syria. It then demonstrates how the borderization of waiting during the 2011 Syrian civil conflict occurs at many different points along migrant journeys and encompasses not only precarity but also fear, insecurity, invisibility, and presence. This form of waiting encourages ‘agency-in-displacement,’ which involves strategizing journeys and negotiating inter-state military checkpoints, state territorial borders, and holding zones in order for people on the move to access safety and protection. The analysis draws on policy, program, and scholarly documents, and on a selection of fifty-five in-depth, interviews with Syrians, now resettled in Canada, about their experiences and negotiations of border controls during their departures from the civil conflict.
Platelet α-granules are required for occlusive high-shear-rate thrombosis
Authors: Kim Dongjune A. , Ashworth Katrina J. , Di Paola Jorge , Ku David N.
Published: July 2020

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is essential for the induction of arterial thrombosis. In this study, we investigated the critical role of platelet VWF in occlusive thrombosis formation at high shear in mice that do not express platelet VWF (Nbeal2−/−). Using in silico modeling, in vitro high-shear microfluidics, and an in vivo Folts model of arterial thrombosis we reproduced the platelet dynamics that occur under pathological flow in a stenosed vessel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) simulated local hemodynamics in a stenosis based on arterial geometries. The model predicted shear rates, time course of platelet adhesion, and time to occlusion. These predictions were validated in vitro and in vivo. Occlusive thrombosis developed in wild-type control mice that had normal levels of plasma VWF and platelet VWF in vitro and in vivo. Occlusive thrombosis did not form in the Nbeal2−/− mice that had normal plasma VWF and an absence of platelet VWF. Occlusive thrombosis was corrected in Nbeal2−/− microfluidic assays by the addition of exogenous normal platelets with VWF. Combining model and experimental data, we demonstrated the necessary requirement of platelet VWF in α-granules in forming an occlusive thrombus under high shear. These results could inspire new pharmacological targets specific to pathological conditions and prevent arterial thrombosis.
Prevalence of α1-antitrypsin PiZZ genotypes in patients with COPD in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Blanco Ignacio , Diego Isidro , Bueno Patricia , Pérez-Holanda Sergio , Casas-Maldonado Francisco , Miravitlles Marc
Published: July 2020

The percentage of α1-antitrypsin protease inhibitor ZZ (PiZZ) genotypes in patients with COPD is controversial, with large differences among various studies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PiZZ in COPD patients from 20 European countries with available data, according to the number of PiZZ and COPD individuals in each country.

A systematic review was conducted to select European countries with reliable data on the prevalence of PiZZ and COPD. We created a database with the following data: 1) total population and population aged ≥40 years according to the Eurostat database; 2) number and 95% CI of PiZZ patients aged ≥40 years; 3) application of a conversion factor of genetic penetrance of 60%; 4) number of COPD individuals, with 95% CI, aged ≥40 years; and 5) calculation of the PiZZ/COPD ratio. Finally, results were presented using an Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation map.

We found 36 298 (95% CI 23 643–56 594) PiZZ individuals at high risk and 30 849 709 (95% CI 21 411 293–40 344 496) COPD patients, with a PiZZ/COPD ratio of 0.12% (range 0.08–0.24%), and a prevalence of 1 out of 408 in Northern, 1 out of 944 in Western, 1 out of 1051 in Central, 1 out of 711 in Southern, and 1 out of 1274 in Eastern Europe.

These data may be useful to plan strategies for future research and diagnosis, and to rationalise the available therapeutic resources.