bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Rambutan Cultivars (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Based on Leaf Morphological and Genetic CharacterCharacterization of Rambutan Cultivars (Nephelium lappaceum) Based on Leaf Morphological and Genetic
Authors: Manggabarani Andi Madihah , Chikmawati Tatik , Hartana Alex
Published: September 2018

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) is an economically important plant which is native to Indonesia and Malaysia. The diversity of rambutan in Indonesia is abundance especially in Kalimantan where the wild relatives still grow naturally. Rambutan cultivars are usually differed from each other based on fruit morphological characters. However, rambutan tree begins to fruiting for the first time in 3-4 years. Therefore, another character is needed to characterize each cultivar in a short period. The objectives of this study were to distinguish rambutan cultivars using leaf morphological and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). As many as 30 rambutan cultivars collected from Cipaku Orchard and Mekar Sari Park were observed for their morphological and ISSR characters. Six characters of were surveyed for leaf morphological character. For the genetic character, 6 out of 31 ISSR primers were assessed which resulted in 58 polymorphic bands (87%). As a result, leaf morphological characters overlapped among cultivars causing difficulties distinguishing each cultivar. ISSR marker, three major clusters have been identified according to UPGMA method. Index similarity among rambutan accessions from ISSR data ranged from 48-93%. As a conclusion, ISSR marker could be potentially applied rambutan cultivars characterization.
The Potential of Liquid Tofu Waste in Increasing Antioxidant Activity of Robusta Green Coffee
Authors: Sulistyaningtyas Ayu Rahmawati , Wilson Wildiani
Published: September 2018

Robusta is the most widely cultivated coffee in Indonesia (90% of the total Indonesian coffee production). Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of Robusta coffee is higher than Arabica coffee or the other plants. One of the efforts, for coffee market expansion is product diversification through decaffeination of coffee . Decaffeination is one of process to reduce caffeine content. Decaffeinated coffee (decaff coffee) began to become public demand. In addition to its more delicious taste, low caffeine coffee is beneficial for health because it is safer to eat. Coffee decaffeination can utilize organic solvents that contain proteases. Tofu waste was one of protease sources. So that, tofu waste had potential as solvent in decaffeination The objective of the study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Robusta green coffee after going through decaffeination by using tofu waste. The study was used Factorial Completely Randomized Design, i.e . concentration of tofu waste (30%,60%, 90%) and length of immersion (3, 6, 9 hours). Robusta green coffee antioxidant activity was examined by using DPPH method. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity ( 17.6061) was in the treatment of 90% waste concentration and 9 hours of decaffeination time. In conclusion, the greater the concentration and the longer the decaffeination resulted in the higher antioxidant activity. This study provides information about coffee processing methods that can produce coffee with the best quality. So, It can increasing the value of domestic coffee products especially in the global market and utilizing tofu liquid waste to be more malleable.
The Lipid Content of The Culture Microalgae Using Media of Tapioca Liquid Waste
Authors: Insan Achmad Ilalqisny , Christiani Christiani , Hidayah Hexa Apriliana , Widyartini Dwi Sunu
Published: September 2018

Microalga Navicula sp., Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris have the prospect of being a source of biofuel producers. Rapid cell growth, coupled with the ability to produce large lipids and less pollution, can be used as an alternative to biofuel development. Microalgae cultivation can utilize tapioca liquid waste. Addition of NaCl to regulate salinity, so optimum for microalgae growth. In addition it can reduce toxins by binding to dissolved cyanide acid present in the waste. This study aims to determine the effect of NaCl concentration on tapioca liquid waste on growth and lipid microalgae content. This study used an experimental method with a complete random factorial design. The first factor tested three species of microalgae. The second factor tested seven NaCl concentrations on tapioca liquid waste media. The results showed that the concentration of NaCl 35% in tapioca liquid waste culture media capable of producing biomass of C. vulgaris cells with the highest lipid content. The NaCl concentration capable of producing the highest microalgae biomass from the study can be developed to design more effective and efficient tapioca industrial waste treatment without damaging the environment but more productive, as a biofuel producer.
Problem-Based Learning Module of Environmental Changes to Enhance Students’ Creative Thinking Skill
Authors: Anjarwati Pamula Guruh Prastiwa , Sajidan Sajidan , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: September 2018

Creative thinking skills are important for long-term success. Empowering creative thinking skills which can be trained through problem-solving activities in learning, thereby promoting high cognitive engagement. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the research and development product of Problem-Based Learning module of environmental changes in empowering students’ creative thinking skills. The research method used was the Quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group design. The sample of the research was the tenth-graders of a Senior High School in Karanganyar district, Central Java. The sampling was cluster sampling by involving two classes, namely the Grade X-MIA 1 with 28 students and the X-MIA 4 with 28 students. The qualitative and quantitative-descriptive approaches were used to analyze the data. The result shows the mean of creative thinking skills score of experiment group is higher than the control group. This developed module could empower students’ creative thinking skills by problem-solving activities as needed for Indonesian educational goal . The study concludes that development module was constructed based on Problem-based Learning activities in the module could stimulate students solved and identified the problems with their ideas and developed their creative thinking.
Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning Module as An Instructional Tool in Improving Scientific Argumentation Skill
Authors: Nurinda Sindy , Sajidan Sajidan , Prayitno Baskoro Adi
Published: September 2018

Scientific argumentation skill required to be mastered in this era. Unfortunately many students still have strunggle improving their scientific argumentation skills. This study was aimed at describing the effectiveness of ecosystem module grounded in Problem-Based Learning in improving scientific argumentation skills. This research was part of the field testing of R&D, a research and development previously conducted. Research participants included tenth grade senior high school students. Two classes were selected as a control and experiment class. The control class (existing) did not use the module but the experiment class use the module (module class) grounded in Problem Based Learning implemented. Data were collected from written tests and observations. Data analysis used the scoring rubric of scientific argumentation skill aspect which their results were tested with Gain test and independent T-test. The findings showed an increase in scores of the four aspects of scientific argumentation skills from the module class. The highest percentage of aspect was rebuttal aspect (27.27%) followed by evidence 26,06% and reasoning 23.94%, while the aspect of claim increased by 20.61%. The independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results of the module class. It can be concluded that the ecosystem module with problem-based learning material was effective to improve students’ scientific argumentation skills. The product of this reasearch can be use as a tools to improve students’ scientific argumentation skills.
Efficacy Test on Some Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates of the Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica Cockroaches (Orthoptera) at Laboratory Scale
Authors: Zulfiana Deni , Rini Monaliza Sekar , Wikantyoso Bramantyo , Krishanti Ni Putu Ratna Ayu
Published: September 2018

Cockroach is one of insects which plays a role as a disease vector, causing negative impacts to human health. Controlling cockroach by using excessive insecticide adds residue to the environment and strengthens its resistance toward insecticides. The objective of this research was to implement and evaluate the alternative use of biological control agent, such as entomopathogenic bacteria against two types of cockroach. In this study, three entomopathogenic bacterial isolates derived from dead Spodoptera litura pupa and Bacillus thuringiensis were employed. The test was performed by administering spraying and baiting methods at cell concentration of 108 CFU/ml. The results showed that three entomopathogenic bacterial isolates used in this study affected cockroach mortality. The result of morphological observation and Postulate Koch test showed that cockroach mortality was caused by the bacterial isolates. The spraying method on BLSP4 bacterial isolate contributed to the highest mortality rate by 80% to the Blatella germanica. Meanwhile, in the baiting method, the isolate of B. thuringiensis caused the highest mortality to the Periplaneta americana by 10%. Based on the mortality period, it can be recognized that BLSP4 treatment with spraying method affected the mortality of B. germanica effectively within 2 hours 30 minutes 46 seconds. An important finding in this study was that BLSP4 bacteria has been known potential for controlling cockroach using spraying method. The result of this study provides insights that BLSP4 bacteria can be used as a new alternative for controlling cockroach and generally in pest management.
Effect of Red Fruit Oil on Ovarian Follicles Development in Rat Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Utami Isrotun Ngesti , Yuniwarti Enny Yusuf , Saraswati Tyas Rini
Published: September 2018

Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) contains active substances in the form of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and unsaturated fatty acids that can potentially be antioxidants. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) on the development of ovarian follicles of rat exposed to cigarette smoke, (in increasing the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight). This study used Completely Randomized Design with 20 female rats (3 months old) divided into 4 treatment groups: P0 (Positive control), P1 (negative control of exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days), P2 (exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.1 ml red fruit oil) and P3 (exposure of cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.2 ml red fruit oil) with 5 time repetition and 28 days red fruit treatment for the research parameters were the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The results showed that the administration of red fruit oil at doses of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml was not significantly affecting (P > 0.05) the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight, so it can be conclusion that the administration of red fruit oil at a dose of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml cannot increase the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight in rat exposed to cigarette smoke.
Diversity of The Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) Birds Based on Mitochondrial DNA Protein Coding Gene
Authors: Astuti Dwi , Prijono Siti Nuramaliati
Published: September 2018

Ornate lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) is an endemic bird in Sulawesi. Endemism is one of the factors in declining bird’s population. In the case of the birds conservation programme, information about gene diversity is important for basic strategy. Mitochondrial DNA of animals consists of protein coding genes including ND2 gene. This study informs diversity of the Ornate Lorikeet (Trichoglossus ornatus) birds based on DNA sequences of ND2 gene. DNA total was extracted from blood samples of 21 birds. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed and successfully amplified a single DNA fragment of ND2 gene for all birds. DNA fragments were sequenced and totally 997 base pairs were analyzed. NJ tree was constructed using MEGA5. All DNA sequence data showed that between the birds there were 20  polymorphic (segregating) sites with mean genetic distance was 0.004 ± 0.002 (ranged from 0,000 – 0,008), and had 17 sequence haplotypes (HTor1- HTo17). Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.967 ± 0.30387 and nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00439 ± 0.0012. Genetic diversity information could be potential relevance to the breeding management for conservation of the birds.
The Effect of NAA and Ga3on The Growth Performance of Ceriops tagal Seedling
Authors: Budihastuti Rini , Prihastanti Erma , Nurchayati Yulita
Published: September 2018

Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) had been widely utilized in improving plant quality and productivity. The mechanism includes the manipulation of plant adaptibility over environmental stress. This research aimed to study the efect of PGR on the growth of C. tagal seedling and to formulate the applicable treatment to improve its growth performance. The research was conducted through laboratory experiment, including tthe combination of NAA and GA3 with the designed concentration of 0 ppm, 150 ppm and 300 ppm. The experiment lasted for one month and involved weekly observation. The plants were treated by spraying once every three days. Observations were conducted to the survival rate, height increment and leaf number development. ANOVA was conducted as statistical analysis method. The result showed that there were no significant effect of PGRs on the height increment of C. tagal seedling. The survival rate was lowest in the control and 150 ppm NAA treatments, while treatment with 300 ppm GA3was highest. The application of 300 ppm GA3was the best treatment for the livelihood of C. tagal seedling, while the application of 150 ppm GA3 was considerable alternative due to its growth performance. This research provide a novel finding concerning the application of PGRs on the seeding process of C. tagal. Thus, it could be applied in the seeding activities by the mangrove farmers to improve the productivity and quality of mangrove seedling.
Identification and Cluster Analysis of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes spp.) from South Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Weni , Jumari Jumari , Ferniah Rejeki Siti
Published: September 2018

Nepenthes spp. is a typical plant of Southeast Asia especially Indonesia which has a special leaf modification called a pitcher. The largest number of Nepenthes spp. species in Indonesia is on the island of Sumatra. The purpose of this reseach was to identify and analyze cluster Nepenthes spp. from South Sumatra based on morphological characteristics. The specimens were collected from the forest of Tekorejo Village, Air Itam Village and cultivation location in Palembang city of South Sumatra. Identification of morphological characters performed on the characteristics of root, stem, leaves, and pitcher. The morphological data is used for cluster analysis using NTSYS software version 2.02. The identification results showed 9 variants of Nepenthes spp. which belong to the species N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, and N. sumatrana. Dendogram analysis results form two main clusters with a similarity value of 22%. The first cluster consists of N. mirabilis and N. sumatrana. The second cluster consists of N. gracilis. Based on the results of this study can be concluded that the species Nepenthes spp. South Sumatra is N. mirabilis, N. gracilis, and N. sumatrana. The results of this study will be dedicated to updating information about the existence of Nepenthes spp. from South Sumatra and his cluster.
The Impact of Lampenflora on Cave-dwelling Arthropods in Gunungsewu Karst, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Isma Dwi , Rahmadi Cahyo , Ardi Tiara Esti , Nasrullah Ridwan , Willyanto Muhammad Iqbal , Setiabudi Andy
Published: September 2018

The development of wild caves into show caves is required an installation of electric lights along the cave passages for illumination and decoration purposes for tourist attraction. The presence of artificial lights can stimulate the growth of photosynthetic organisms such as lampenflora and alter the typical cave ecosystem. The study was aimed to detect the effect of lampenflora on cave-dwelling arthropods community. Four caves were sampled during the study, 2 caves are show caves with the existence of lampenflora and 2 others are wild caves without lampenflora. Arthropods sampling were conducted by hand collecting, pitfall trap, bait trap and berlese extractor. Lampenflora comprises of algae (Phycophyta), moss (Bryophyta) and fern (Pteridophyta) grow mostly around white light lamps. Richness, diversity, and evenness indices of Arthropods are higher in caves with the existence of lampenflora compared to caves without lampeflora. This study clearly shows that the presence of lampenflora can increase Arthropods diversity and suppress dominancy of common Arthropods species in caves, also increasing the relative abundance of predators. This condition will shift the ecosystem equilibrium and lead to cave ecosystem destruction. The results of this study should be a scientific consideration for show cave development and management. Lampenfloras have to be removed from all caves and preventive efforts should be taken to minimize their growth.
Salinity Tolerance of Mungbean Genotypes at Seedling Stage
Authors: Hapsari Ratri Tri , Trustinah Trustinah
Published: September 2018

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting mungbean production worldwide including Indonesia. Since mungbean plant is very sensitive to salt condition, selection of salinity tolerant genotypes becomes important for mungbean improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of eight mungbean genotypes to salinity at seedling stage under different levels. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors (mungbean genotypes and salinity levels) and triplicates. Observation variables were germination percentage, vigor index, germination rate, hypocotyls length, epicotyls length, root length, number of root, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. The result showed that increasing level of salinity concentration inhibited the speed of germination, germination percentage, vigor index, normal seedling fresh weight, and number of lateral roots. Murai and Vima 1 were identified as tolerant genotypes, while Vima-2 and MLGV 0180 were identified as salinity sensitive genotypes at seedling stage. Currently, mungbean varieties with special characters, such as saline-tolerant is not yet available. The availability of saline-tolerant variety of mungbean is a cheaper and easier technology for farmers to anticipate the expansion of the saline area. The tolerant genotypes may be further tested at the later stage to obtain promising genotype tolerant to salinity that effectively assist mungbean breeding program.
Ethnomycology of Bracket Fungi in Baduy Tribe Indonesia
Authors: Khastini Rida Oktorida , Wahyuni Indria , Saraswati Irma
Published: September 2018

Inhabitants of the Kendeng mountain region depend on the biodiversity of the forest resources for their livelihood. Mushrooms are important resource that provide benefits to mankind. The aim on this research was to document traditional knowledge in bracket fungi utilization to treat health problems in Baduy tribe community. The results described in this paper were obtained through the exploration and identification of bracket fungi as well as the interview to determine their cultural significance for Baduy people. Quantitative approaches were used to determine the Use Values (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity level (FL) values. A total of 6 species that were identified as bracket fungi were included to Basidiomycota. The Baduy community considers the main use of bracket fungi as a medicine for several ailments. The highest UV, ICF and FL value were obtained by Ganoderma lucidum. This study provides the information regarding bracket fungi species with the high use values that could be employed in pharmacological research and further biotechnological approaches in order to achieve an adequate revenue.
Isolation of Housekeeping Genes on Durik-durik (Syzygium sp)
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani , Yusfi Liza Aulia , Hutagalung Desriani Ritawati , Faizah Niswah , Andriani Lestari , Azrial Azrial , Herman Herman , Lestari Wahyu
Published: September 2018

Housekeeping gene is a gene expressed with a fixed level and in abundant amounts under various conditions. After validation, the housekeeping gene can be used as an internal control to normalize gene expression data. This study reports the isolation of several housekeeping genes in Durik-durik plant (Syzygium sp). This plant material in form of fresh leaves from Durik-durik plants are taken from Kajuik Lake, Riau Province. The next stage is total DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis, sequencing and data analysis using bioinformatic tools. The isolated housekeeping genes included 18S rRNA, actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Beta-tubulin and Ubiquitin with sizes of 400 bp, 679 bp, 1134 bp, 836 bp, 1167 bp and 2155 bp, respectively. In addition to 18S rRNA, the five housekeeping genes are the first reported from the genus Syzygium and referable to isolate housekeeping genes in other species in this genus. The six housekeeping genes can be used as internal controls on Durik-durik plants after validation.
Diversity in Tuber Characteristics of Local Cultivars of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) in Indonesia
Authors: Krisnawati Ayda , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Adie Mochammad Muchlish
Published: September 2018

Yam bean is legume with tuberous root originated from the semiarid tropics of Central America, and has been widely spread in several regions in Indonesia. Research on characterization of tuber yam bean was conducted in Kendalpayak Research Station (Malang, Indonesia) from May to October 2016. A total of 73 local yam bean cultivars originated from eight provinces were characterized based on their tuber characteristics. The sensory evaluation was also conducted to evaluate the tuber sweetness, fiber intensity, and texture crunchiness. The average tuber weight was 455.2 g/plant, with the average tuber length and width were 10.78 cm and 8.17 cm, respectively. The ratio of tuber length and width was 1.42, indicates that yam bean tuber in Indonesia tend to be in spherical shape. The average tuber water content was 83.87% (wet basis), showed that the water content was quite high. Based on cluster analysis, 74 local cultivars of yam bean were grouped into five clusters. The tuber weight varied among cultivars and become the distinguishing factor between local cultivars. Local variety of yam beans in Indonesia tend to have sweet taste and crunchy texture. So far, the study on characterization of tuber diversity in Indonesian local cultivar of yam bean is still limited. Thus, these results provide important information to optimize the tuber yam utilization as industrial raw materials.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Wati (Piper methysticum), a Medicinal Plant from Merauke Lowland, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Suharno Suharno , Sufaati Supeni , Agustini Verena , Tanjung Rosye H. R.
Published: September 2018

Indonesia is rich of natural resources, including the diversity of agricultural crops and other valuable plants. Many plant species used by local people for traditional herbal medicine and some other species used by drug industries. Among these, Wati (Piper methysticum, Piperaceae) is one of the medicinal plant found in Merauke lowland, Papua. It has been cultivated by local people because of it high value as medicinal and cultural uses. Wati plant is used to treat anti-stress, rheumatism, respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, headache etc. The habitat, including the microorganism in the soil plays an important role in the growth of this plant. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the rhizosphere of Wati from Merauke lowland. Soil and root samples were collected from different locations and the colonization percentage on the root sample were determined. Our results showed that the number of the spores in the soil samples was 45-89 spores/50 g soil, while the colonization percentage on the root was 38.46-83.3%. Among 13 AMF morphospecies that found on the soil samples, 10 were identified to genus level such as Glomus, Clariodeoglomus, Acaulospora and Scutellospora, while the other were unidentified. Further work will be needed such as trap-plant culture method to get more information on the diversity of AMF associated with Wati.
Development of Natural Sciences Module with Reflective Learning Journal to Enhance Student’s Reporting-Interpretative Skills
Authors: Zulfah Hadaina , Aznam Nurfina
Published: September 2018

One of the successful factors of the curriculum 2013 implementation is the availability of appropriate and relevant teaching materials. Teaching materials can be textbooks, interactive videos , virtual labs, maket and so on. Unfortunately, there are still found many materials that are less in accordance with the curriculum of 2013. Therefore it should be developed a more appropriate teaching materials, one of them is a natural sciences module with reflective learning journal. The development of natural sciences modulewas done with research that aims to develop and analyze the effectiveness of natural sciences modulewith reflective learning journals. This research was an R&D research using development research procedure according to Thiagarajanthat known as 4D (define, design, develop and dessiminate). The data collection was done by test and non-test technique. Instrument that used in non test technique are interview guides, product validation sheet, students’ response sheet to the readability of science nature modul with reflective learning journal., meanwhile the instrumen that used in test technique is essay question with reporting-interpretative skills’s indicators. The results showed that the leligibility of the natural sciences module with reflective learning journal was categorized as approriate and effective to improve student’s reporting-interpretative skills.
Development of Science Learning Tool Based on Problem Based Learning with Google Classroom to Improve Argumentation Skill
Authors: Pritasari Ade Cyntia , Jumadi Jumadi
Published: September 2018

Using science learning tools will optimize the learning process. Good learning process will train the skill needed in the 21st century, including the skills of argumentation. From this point of view, an science learning tool based on problem based learning with google classroom has developed in this study. This study aimeds to test the appropriateness of science learning tool and the effectiveness of science learning tool developed in improving argumentation skill. This study was an research and development (R&D) research using 4D method from Thiagarajan with four stages including define, design, develop, and disseminate. The product trials have been conducted in 7th grade students of State Junior High School 2 Magelang at second semester of year 2017/2018. The data collection was done by non-test and test technique. Based on the results of the research note that learning tools developed theoretically declared valid based on expert assessment with very good category and effective in improving students’ argumentation skill. Learning tool based on problem based learning with google classroom is a new approach to learning with the capability to the transform education in a better quality. Implementation of learning tool based on problem based learning with google classroom provide new alternatives in improving the quality of science education achievement.
Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza from Senaru Forest Rhizosphere for Gyrinops versteegii Germination and Growth
Authors: Wangiyana I Gde Adi Suryawan , Malik Sukardi
Published: September 2018

The aims of this research are to apply Senaru forest  rhizosphere on Kabupaten Lombok Barat West Nusa Tenggara as Mycorrhiza inoculants for Gyrinops versteegii germination and growth. Rhizosphere sample was taken from ten sampling spot on Senaru forest between Latitude: 08o18.808’ S – 08o19.174’ S and Longitude: 116o24.138’ E – 116o24.181’E. This study employed Factorial Experiment Design with 2 Factor including: Medium Composition (M) and Mychorizza Inoculant (I). There were 5 media composition: M1 (sand), M2 (soil:sand = 1:2), M3 (soil:sand = 1:1), M4 (soil:sand = 2:1), M5 (soil). There were 2 types of Inoculation: I1 (without inoculant) and I2 (innoculant from senaru Rhizosphere). Growth parameters observed in this study were: germination percentage, stem length, stem diameter and root colonization. Germination percentage of G. versteegii seeds in all growth media are below 60 % which could be classified as low germination rate. Also germination from media without rhizosphere is higher than germination from media with rhizosphere. On the other hand, G. versteegii growth on rhizosphere media is slightly higher than growth of G. versteegii on media without rhizosphere based on stem diameter and length measurement. It tends that medium composition with higher sand proportion tended to gives better germination and growth rate of G. verteegii. Myorrhiza colonization on G. versteegii root was higher in media with rhizosphere addition. It could be concluded that Application of Senaru rhizosphere containing Mycorrhiza increases G. versteegii growth but not its germination percentage. This research enrich knowledge in biological science about asociation of mycorrhiza with G. versteegii especially on its growth and germination
The Potency of Black Soldier Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) as a Source of Protein for Livestock Feed
Authors: Supriyatna Ateng , Kurrahman Opik Taufik , Cahyanto Tri , Yuliawati Astri , Kulsum Yuni
Published: September 2018

Black Soldier fly larvae is an insect capable to convert organic waste into body biomass. The purpose of this research was to determine the productivity, mass balance of the consumption process, and content of protein and fat of prepupa which has a potency as a livestock feed. This research used 6-day-old larvae, they were fed with cassava skin that has been smoothed with a variety of feeding doses: 12.5; 25; 50; 100; and 200 (mg / larvae / day) with ratio of feed and water 2: 1. The results showed that the feeding of 200 mg / larva / day produced the best larval growth with biomass productivity of 1.54 mg / day, residue yielded of 67.1 mg / day. The organic waste was convertion into larvae biomass. In this study, approximately consumption process scale is feed successfully converted to biomass 2.77%, metabolism 6.98%, and 90.24% residue. Protein content is 25.7%. It can be concluded that the larvae are able to convert organic waste into high protein biomass and potentially being used as a livestock feed. This research acts a model to predict mass balance of substrates for feed. The benefit of this research is the science approach used in this study that can be used as a reference by researchers and the community to determine the biomass production of an organism.
Bryophytes in Cibodas Botanical Garden: Diversity and Potential Uses
Authors: Nadhifah Ainun , Khujjah Madinatul , Vitara Pantalea Edelweiss , Noviady Ikhsan
Published: September 2018

Research on the diversity of bryophytes in Indonesia has been generally accomplished. However, the publication of potential uses of this tiny plant is very limited. Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) as a center for ex-situ plant conservation has potential climate conditions as a location of moss growth. The study aims to collect bryophytes in CBG and to identify their potential uses. Purposive sampling method was used on various substrate (soil, rocks, trees). Some environmental parameters were also recorded, for instance, substrate type, temperature, and humidity. All of bryophytes collections were taken to the laboratory for the identification and saved in herbarium (CHTJ). A literature study was conducted to determine the potential uses of identified moss species. From 153 collection numbers recorded in CBG, there were 42 species which have potential use. In addition, there were 42 species that have the potential to be used as a medicinal plant, ornamental plants, uses in agriculture and environmental services. This study provides the initial information about the potential uses of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts particularly in Indonesia. Furthermore, these prospective utilization encourage the innovative research in Indonesia, particularly on alternative natural resources.
Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops
Authors: Yusnawan Eriyanto , Nugrahaeni Novita , Utomo Joko Susilo
Published: September 2018

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most destructive foliar diseases on soybean. Severe infection of this disease causes early defoliation and reduces the yield. To determine the response of soybean genotypes to this disease and the changes of metabolites in seeds, a greenhouse study was conducted using eight Indonesian soybean cultivars, i.e. Malabar, Wilis, Ringgit, Pangrango, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Dena 1, and Dena 2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design and repeated three times. The soybean crops were inoculated with the pathogen and another set was not inoculated. Infection of P. pachyrhizi reduced fresh biomass, seed weight per plant, and weight of 100 seeds. However, total flavonoid contents in seeds increased from 12 to 50% in all infected genotypes. The increase of daidzein from 27 to 67% in seeds was observed, except for Malabar and Argomulyo . The increase of genistein was genotypic dependence. The increase of total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity was also depending on the genotypes. P. pachyrhizi could be one of the biotic elicitors to increase total flavonoid contents in soybean seeds. Dena 1 less suffered from the rust infection as represented by the least pustule number, less reduction in seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. Secondary metabolites particularly phenolics and isoflavones in seeds of this cultivar increased significantly after the rust infection. This cultivar could be considered as an alternative tolerant genotype where cultivated area is favorable for soybean rust infection.
Diversity and Abundance of Orchids at Gebugan Nature Reserve in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Farokhah Tria , Utami Sri , Jumari Jumari
Published: September 2018

Orchid is a plant with a high aesthetic value.The existence of orchids directly by the community from their natural habitat, causing the existence of orchid in nature was threatened. The potential of orchid diversity in the Gebugan Nature Reserve area needs exploration to maintain its sustainability. This research would explore the diversity and abundance of orchid species and determined the environmental conditionof Gebugan Nature Reserve. The study was done on 2 stations with altitude difference are 900 m asl and 1045 m asl. Five plots of 10 m x 10 m were systematically constructed at each station with a distance of plots 50 meters. Species of orchids found in the Gebugan Nature Reserve were 12 species, including 11 species of epiphytic orchids and 1 species of terrestrial orchids. The abundance of individual orchid species was relatively higher in places with higher altitudes. Micropera sp was the most abundant orchid species and Corymborkis veratrifolia was the species of orchid with the lowest abundance. It is found that the environmental conditions of Gebugan Nature Reserve are suitable for orchid. The novelty of the research is providing a new data base of orchid in the Gebugan Nature Reserve. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing strategy of genetic conservation of orchird germplasm.
Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on the Growth Profile and Fatty Acid Composition of Botryococcus sp.
Authors: Yuniarsih Windra , Halimatul Heli Siti , Wulandari Asri Peni
Published: September 2018

Botryococcus sp. is an economically important microalgae as it contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and a number of phytochemicals. The high concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in this strain also a valuable source for production of biofuel. Mutagenic engineering using irradiation has been known to increase the content of these biomass. The aim of this study is to know the effect of electron-beam irradiation to the growth profile and fatty acid composition of Botryococcus sp. In this study, Botryococcus sp. adjusted an optical density 1.0 after being exposed to different doses of electron-beam irradiation (160 kGy, 240 kGy, and 320 kGy) and induced random mutagenesis for strain improvement was observed based on high energy (1.5 MeV and 2 mA). Several mutants obtained were designated as strain B160, B240, and B320, respectively. The profile growth was significantly different between control (0 kGy) and irradiated microalgae strain. The highest growth is found in B320 mutant. Fatty acid of Botryococcus sp. control produced 7 fatty acids, B160 produced 7 fatty acids, B240 produced 6 fatty acids, whereas B320 produced 9 fatty acids. B320 produced hydrocarbon and phtalic acid as well as fatty acids. Total SFAs and MUFAs of B240 was increased 1.6 times compared to the wild type. The results would give some implications to improve the quality of biodiesel from Botryococcus sp.
Isolation of Thermophilic Bacteria from Bora Hot Springs in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Ifandi Slamet , Alwi Muh
Published: September 2018

Thermophilic bacteria can survive at high temperature, in which hot spring is one of its habitats. Indonesia has many hot springs with potential as a habitat for thermophilic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates thermophilic bacteria from Bora hotspring located in Central Sulawesi. This study applied a descriptive-observational study design, characteristics of bacterial properties identified using conventional methods according to the Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The study was conducted in 3 stages. The first stage was bacteria cultivation on the appropriate media, followed by stage of isolated and the last stage by identified characteristics of thermophilic bacteria which included microscopic and macroscopic morphology, Physiological and biochemistry test. The results of the isolates indicted 4 representative isolated of thermophilic bacteria from Bora Hot Spring namely TM022, TM023, TM024, TM026. The bacteria isolates obtained were bacillus, coccus and Gram negative and positive, while the physiological test of all isolates were able to grow and showed changes in the medium. This study is useful in providing characteristic of indigenous thermophilic bacteria isolates that produces thermostable enzymes.
Neurogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cell Induced by Delonix regia Flowers Extract
Authors: Eriani Kartini , Suryani Irma , Azhar Al , Nursanti Risa , Ichsan Ichsan , Boediono Arief
Published: September 2018

Stem cell technology has great potential in the effort to cure degenerative diseases. This study was done to determine optimum dose of flamboyant (Delonix regia) flower extract to induce proliferation and differentiation of mice (Mus musculus) bone marrow mesenchymal-like stem cell. Bone marrow cells were collected from mice by aspiration. Cells suspension (1 x 106) were poured into petri dishes containing 2 ml of modified Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (mDMEM) and incubated overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator and microscopically observed. In quadriplicate, MSC were cultured in mDMEM containing D. regia flower extract of 0.0 (control), 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/ml and incubated at 37 °C for 9 days. Population doubling time (PDT) and differentiated cell type were microscopically observed using HE staining on day 1 and 10. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The results showed that the addition of D regia flowers extracts 0.8 and 1.0 mg/ml significantly reduced PDT compared to that of 0.4, 0.6 and control. The extract, at 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml, were able to induce MSC differentiation into fibroblast-like and nerve-like cells. In conclusion, D. regia flower extracts of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/ml were able to stimulate MSC proliferation, but optimum dose for neurogenic differentiation was 0.6 mg/ml. This is the first to show potential of D. regia flower extract as neurogenic differentiatian inducer on mice MSC. These findings can be used as preliminary information for using the extract as cellular differentian inducer in basic and applicative reseach using stem cells.
Diversity and Conservation Knowledge of Chondrichthyans in Northern Coastal Areas of Central Java
Authors: Setiati Ning , Peniati Endah , Partaya Partaya
Published: September 2018

Northern coastal areas of Central Java potentially produces sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes) for dishes. However, lack of community understanding of protected species catchment affects the Chondrichthyans conservation management. This study aimed to identify of total Chondrichthyans that were captured by fisherman correlated to the conservation knowledge and action in northern coastal areas of Central Java. This research was conducted by using interview, and direct observation. Samples were collected in fish capture household places in Tegal, Pemalang, Pekalongan, Semarang, Pati, and identified in Animal Taxonomy Laboratory of Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative based on the morphology characteristic. This research found that every season, at least 1,106 individuals from 23 species of Rajiformis and Lamniformis (Chondrichthyes) orders was captured. This condition was aggravated with lack of access to information and low fisherman’ awareness of protected species. It was also found that shark and ray trading generates value chain in culinary business. It increases fish consumption demand that only can be provided by fish catchment from the ocean. The implication of species catchment is declining population of Chondrichthyes in Central Java north areas. Based on the research, a high demand and lack of access to information correlated with declining community awareness on conservation actions. this research adds more information as an effort to conserve shark and ray species based on problems faced by fishermen. The information is also able to be applied as a foundation to develop community based conservation action.
On measures of nonplanarity of cubic graphs
Authors: Plachta Leonid
Published: September 2018

We study two measures of nonplanarity of cubic graphs G, the genus γ (G), and the edge deletion number ed(G). For cubic graphs of small orders these parameters are compared with another measure of nonplanarity, the rectilinear crossing number (G). We introduce operations of connected sum, specified for cubic graphs G, and show that under certain conditions the parameters γ(G) and ed(G) are additive (subadditive) with respect to them.The minimal genus graphs (i.e. the cubic graphs of minimum order with given value of genus γ) and the minimal edge deletion graphs (i.e. cubic graphs of minimum order with given value of edge deletion number ed) are introduced and studied. We provide upper bounds for the order of minimal genus and minimal edge deletion graphs.
Moyal and Rankin-Cohen deformations of algebras
Authors: Lyubashenko Volodymyr
Published: September 2018

It is proven that Rankin-Cohen brackets form an associativedeformation of the algebra of polynomials whose coeffcients are holomorphicfunctions on the upper half-plane.
Gebeliğin ilk üç ayındaki kan TSH düzeyi ile Down sendromu tarama testleri arasındaki ilişki
Authors: ORGUL Gokcen , DOĞAN Devrim Rüzgar , PORTAKAL Oytun , BEKSAC M.sinan
Published: September 2018

Amaç: İlk üç ayda tüm gebelere Down Sendromu taraması amacıyla kombine test yapılması önerilmektedir. Tiroid stimulan hormonun (TSH) serbest beta subünit human koriyonik gonadotropin (fβ-hcg) ve gebelik ile ilişkili plazma protein A (PAPP-A) üretimini etkileyip etkilemediği net değildir. Bu çalışmada serum TSH düzeylerinin kombine test sonuçları üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: İlk trimester TSH değeri ile birlikte ense saydamlığı (NT), fβ-hcg ve PAPP-A  sonuçlarına ulaşılabilen 297 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar TSH değerlerine göre dört gruba ayrılmıştır; Grup 1 (<0.1 uIU/ml), Grup 2 (0.1-2,5 uIU/ml), Grup 3 (2.5-3.5 uIU/ml) ve Grup 4 (>3.5 uIU/ml). Gruplar NT, PAPP-A ve fβ-hcg düzeyleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Ortalama PAPP-A (MoM) değeri grup 1’de 0.99, Grup 2’de 1.12, Grup 3’de 1,03 ve Grup 4’de 0,95 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama fβ-hcg (MoM) değeri ise grup 1’de 1.36, Grup 2’de 1.29, Grup 3’de 1.05 ve Grup 4’de 1.32 idi. Ortalama NT ölçümü grup 1’den grup 4’e doğru gittikçe sırasıyla 1.27 ± 0.25, 1.33 ± 0.38, 1.34 ± 0.33 ve 1.32 ± 0.37 mm olarak saptanmıştır. Gruplar arasında PAPP-A, fβ-hcg ve NT açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı gösterilmiştir.Sonuç: İlk trimester TSH düzeylerinin kombine test parametrelerini etkilemediği gösterilmiştir. Hipotiroidisi veya hipertiroidisi olan kadınlarda NT, fβ-hCG and PAPP-A kullanılarak prenatal tarama testi yapılmasının güvenli olduğu düşünülmüştür.
Sezaryen operasyonlarında opioid eklenen ve eklenmeyen farklı dozlardaki levobupivakain etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İlban Ömür , COŞAR Ahmet
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Elektif sezaryen operasyonlarında, spinal anestezide intratekal morfin eklenen ve eklenmeyen farklı levobupivakain dozlarının, randomize, çift kör olarak karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, ASA I-II grubu 37-42 haftalık miadında sezaryen operasyonu için spinal anestezi uygulanan 60 gebe kadında prospektif, randomize, çift-kör olarak planlandı.  Hastalar randomize edilerek iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup L’ye 12,5 mg (3 ml) levobupivakain, Grup LM’ye ise 10 mg levobupivakain + 0.1 mg morfin (3 ml) intratekal uygulandı. Sensoryal ve motor blok süresi, postoperatif ilk 24 saatteki VAS ağrı skoru, ilk analjezi ihtiyacı süresi, hemodinamik ve solunumsal parametreler, sedasyon düzeyleri, Apgar skorları, hasta memnuniyeti ve komplikasyonlar kaydedildi.Bulgular: Gruplar arasında motor blok başlama ve sonlanma süresi, sensoryal bloğun başlama ve iki segment gerileme süresi ile hasta memnuniyeti açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark yoktu. Grup L’de ilk analjezik ihtiyacı, Grup LM’ye göre daha erken ortaya çıktı (sırası ile; 158.6 ± 31.8 dakika, 176.6 ± 37.16 dakika). Sonuç: Levobupivakain dozunun azaltılmasına rağmen levobupivakaine düşük doz morfin eklenmesi ile, yan etki ve komplikasyon sıklığında belirgin artış olmadan benzer anestezi ve analjezi düzeylerine ulaşıldığı, ayrıca daha uzun süreli spinal analjezi sağlandığı sonucuna varıldı.