bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fisioterapia na disfunção urinária infantil: revisão sistemática da literatura nacional
Authors: Halate Mayara Vieira Souza , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio , Latorre Gustavo Fernando Sutter
Published: July 2017

Contexto: Disfunções urinárias infantis, definidas como anormalidades na fase de enchimento ou esvaziamento da bexiga, trazem grandes problemas para a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, ocasionando problemas físicos com risco de maior comprometimento renal, e problemas emocionais. Apesar de a fisioterapia pélvica no tratamento destas crianças estar tomando volume, especialmente por conta dos bons resultados, parece não estarem claras quais as técnicas mais utilizadas e mais eficazes para este fim. Metodologia: revisão sistemática sobre as técnicas fisioterápicas para o tratamento da disfunção urinária infantil em nas bases Scielo, LILACS e CAPES, restrita a ensaios clínicos em língua portuguesa. Resultados: 59 artigos, dos quais apenas seis tratavam sobre técnicas fisioterápicas, sendo três repetidos entre as bases. Um descrevia eletroestimulação para IU de origem neurogênica, um sobre cinesioterapia para IU funcional e outro sobre uroterapia para IU de ambas as origens, todos apresentando bons resultados. Conclusão: Baixo número de ensaios clínicos impossibilitou comparações, mas todas as técnicas apresentaram bons resultados, inclusive superiores à medicação no tratamento da disfunção em questão. A bibliografia nacional é demasiadamente escassa, sendo fundamentais novos ensaios clínicos especialmente sobre a eficácia das técnicas.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE INDICATORS OF TRACTIVE VEHICLES
Authors: A. F. Golovchuk
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The research paper involves solving of the following tasks: 1) refinement of the mathematical model for determining the traction and dynamic, fuel and economic, environmental indicators of mobile energy facilities; 2) methodology development of theoretical studies of automatic control systems, static and dynamic characteristics automotive-tractor diesel with a gas turbine supercharger and a mobile power facility. Methodology. The work studies the working processes of vehicles and machine-tractor aggregates by mathematical simulation and the development of algorithms and programs for the calculation of these processes in actual operational conditions. The system of equations has been developed for theoretical research. It describes a nonlinear mathematical model of the automatic control system of an automotive-tractor diesel rotating frequency. In addition to the differential equations of the first and second order, equations are used in mathematical simulation of working processes of traction vehicles. These equations describe experimental characteristics of an automatic regulator, a high-pressure fuel pump, a turbocharger and an engine, as well as moments of engine mechanical losses and an external load. Findings. The developed mathematical model allows determining the effectiveness of new design, operational and technological developments, as well as various measures in order to improve the fuel-economic and environmental performances of vehicles and machine-tractor aggregates in operating conditions. Originality. For the first time, the mathematical model "Tractor driver – machine-tractor aggregate – road (field)" was developed. It allows conducting research of transport tractor aggregates by driving cycles, taking into account the processes of starting and speeding up the mobile-power sources with gear shift. Practical value. In conditions of a protracted economic crisis, in the absence of the necessary equipment, instruments, combustible and lubrication materials, comparative research of mobile power sources can be carried out thanks to the developed mathematical models with corresponding algorithms and programs that are brought to practical use. For these computer programs State Intellectual Property Service of Ukraine issued Certificates on registration of copyright No. 49285, No. 49286, No. 49287 of May 22, 2013.
DETERMINATION OF FRAME FORCE FOR ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE VL80 WHEN MOVING IN THE CURVED TRACK SECTIONS
Authors: A. Y. Kuzyshyn
Published: July 2017

Purpose. When locomotives move in curved sections of the railway track, horizontal forces arise, which lead to pressing the ridge of the wheel pair to the railway track. The article is aimed to develop a method for determining the frame force acting on the bogie from the side of body of the locomotive section using the current methodology of calculating the lateral force. It is also aimed to determine the basic parameters that influence the value of the frame force. It is necessary to construct the dependencies of the frame force on the travel time of electric locomotive in the corresponding curve changing these parameters. Methodology. As is known, the electric locomotive is a multimass mechanical system. We will assume that this system consists of seven bodies: a body, two frames of carriages and four wheel sets. To determine the lateral force acting on the rail from the wheelset one need to solve differential equations of motion of locomotive bogie in curves of small radius. Using the equations of kinetostatics for wheelset one should come to determining the frame force acting on the car bogie from the side of body of the locomotive section. The nominal geometric and mass parameters of parts and components of electric locomotive are taken in the calculations. The curve radius, the length of transition curve, the length of circular curve, the longitudinal slope of railway track and other parameters are fixed values. Findings. There were obtained calculated values of the frame force of electric locomotive VL80 acting on the bogie from the side of body of the locomotive section. Based on the obtained results there were built the dependencies of frame force on the travel time of electric locomotive on the corresponding curve when changing the speed and corresponding elevation of the outer rail. Originality. On the basis of the existing methodology for calculating the lateral force it was developed the method for determining the frame force acting on the car bogie from the side of body of the locomotive section. Practical value. Improving the method for determining the frame force improves the accuracy of calculations when analyzing the traffic safety and when conducting the forensic rail-transport examinations.
SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC SELECTION OF THE SPEED RATE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR REDUCING THE POWER CONSUMPTION
Authors: K. O. Soroka  , T. P. Pavlenko  , D. A. Lychov
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The work is aimed to design a system for automatic selection of the optimal traffic modes and automatic monitoring of the electric energy consumption by electric transport. This automatic system should provide for the minimum energy expenses. Methodology. Current methodologies: 1) mathematical modeling of traffic modes of ground electric vehicles; 2) comparison of modelling results with the statistical monitoring; 3) system development for automatic choice of traffic modes of electric transport with minimal electrical energy consumptions taking into account the given route schedules and the limitations imposed by the general traffic rules. Findings. The authors obtained a mathematical dependency of the energy consumption by electric transport enterprises on the monthly averaged environment temperature was obtained. A system which allows for an automatic selection of the speed limit and provides automatic monitoring of the electrical energy consumption by electric vehicles was proposed in the form of local network, which works together with existing GPS system. Originality. A mathematical model for calculating the motion curves and energy consumption of electric vehicles has been developed. This model takes into account the characteristic values of the motor engine and the steering system, the change of the mass when loading or unloading passengers, the slopes and radii of the roads, the limitations given by the general traffic rules, and other factors. The dependency of the energy consumption on the averaged monthly environment temperature for public electric transport companies has been calculated. Practical value. The developed mathematical model simplifies the calculations of the traffic dynamics and energy consumption. It can be used for calculating the routing maps, for design and upgrade of the power networks, for development of the electricity saving measures. The system simplifies the work of the vehicle driver and allows reducing the energy consumption, also provides for an automatic energy cost monitoring. The calculated dependency of the energy consumption on the environment temperature may be used for an improvement of methods which regulate the work of the public electric transport companies. It has been proved that there is a possibility for reducing electrical energy consumption by 10% to 45% using the efficient motion regimes. Author’s certificate was obtained for the invention of the system for an automatic selection of the velocity regime for a public electric transport vehicle.
SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF CAR ELEMENTS WITH SMALL EMPTY WEIGHT
Authors: Y. P. Boronenko  , I. O. Filippova
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The work is aimed to identify the reasons for the significantly higher coefficient of the empty weight of 1520 mm gauge cars in comparison with the freight cars in North America and to give recommendations for reducing the empty weight of freight cars. Methodology. As a methodology, a comparative evaluation of the strength, durability and stability of the minimum weight bearing structure made of various materials using the "space 1520" standards is applied. Findings. The authors found that with the use of high-strength steels the product weight can be reduced by a factor of five in comparison with the beam of steel 09G2S. If there is a welded joint in the construction, the weight of the structure will increase approximately by 2 times when calculated according to the "Norms for calculating and designing railroad cars of the Ministry of Railways of Russia, gauge 1520 mm (non-self-propelled)". And during calculations according to State Standard 33211-2013 "Freight cars. Requirements for strength and dynamic qualities" the weight increases almost 5 times and does not depend on the type of steel. Originality. It is revealed that the main criterion determining the empty weight of modern cars is the fatigue strength of the welded joint. It is shown that State Standard 33211-2013 and "Recommendations of the International Welding Institute" designate low endurance limits for high-strength steels and it is impossible to achieve the weight reduction if one adheres these recommendations. Practical value. The direction of actions to find the ways reducing empty weight of cars was developed: conditions for strength of welded joints of cars made of high-strength materials have been experimentally refined; methods for increasing the endurance of welded joints were developed; other types of connections are assumed.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF CENTRIFUGAL CASTING MACHINES FOR PRODUCTION OF MILL ROLLS
Authors: P. G. Anofriev
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The main purpose of experimental studies is to establish the adequacy of the developed mathematical models of machine fluctuations and the actual parameters of machine vibration. Almost all casting machines for the production of mill rolls have a unique design and performances. The additional aim of this work is to compare the vibration level of the casting machine with the requirements of the current vibration standards for new technological machines. Frequency analysis of the oscillations allows establishing defects in workmanship, errors of rotating parts installation and their influence on the dynamics of the machine. Methodology. Measurement of vibration parameters was performed on the moving parts of roller bearings of the machine. To measure the amplitudes of accelerations in three mutually perpendicular directions piezoelectric sensors with magnetic mount were used. Electrical signals from the sensors were recorded on magnetic tape. Further analysis of the oscillations was carried out and visualized using specialized frequency analyzer. The frequency analyzer implements the algorithm of fast Fourier transformation and/or integration of sensor input signal. After the first integration the data for plotting the vibration velocity spectrogram were obtained and as a result of the second integration there are the data of vibration displacements spectrogram of the machine supports. Findings. The results of experimental studies of centrifugal casting machine vibrations for the production of two-layer rolls were presented. There were obtained and analyzed the spectrograms of accelerations, velocities and displacements of moving parts of the upper and lower roller supports. The work of the machine is associated with the calculated values passing of critical frequencies and the short-term development of resonance oscillations of the rotor and roller bearings. Originality. For the first time the author obtained the frequency spectra of vibration of an industrial sample of a casting machine. The oscillations with frequencies that differ from the basic rotor frequency were detected. Practical value. Based on the results of the experiment, the actual vibration parameters of the machine in steady state when testing without die-casting the metal were determined. The adequacy of mathematical models of the dynamics of the machine and its industrial model was established. Using the method of one tone the coefficients of vibration velocity distortion of the rotor harmonic, indicating the nonlinear transformations in the system "rotor - bearings" were obtained. It was experimentally established that the vibration parameters of the machine are within the acceptable ranges, regulated by standards for vibroactive machines.
CALCULATION OF MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRACTION ELECTRIC ENGINE WITH THE USE OF IMPROVED UNIVERSAL MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: A. Y. Drubetskyi
Published: July 2017

Purpose. The article is aimed to develop a technique for calculating the magnetic characteristics of uncompensated traction electric motors (TEM) at any degree of attenuation of excitation based on the approximating expression for improved universal magnetic characteristics (UMC). It is also necessary to conduct an analysis of expressions for improved UMC with the aim of finding an expression that most fully satisfies the requirements for developing a technique for determining the inductive parameters of TEM. Methodology. It is necessary to determine the saturation coefficient for each degree of attenuation of the excitation for building the characteristics with the improved UMC. This can only be done analytically. To simplify the analytical finding of the saturation coefficient, the method based on solving a system of two equations is proposed, one of which is UMC itself, and the second one is a straight line whose angular coefficient is proportional to the saturation coefficient. Resulting values of the saturation coefficient for the excitation degrees β < 1 are essentially the coefficients of the shape of the magnetic characteristic. To get rid of the need to determine the coefficients of approximation each time in the calculation of characteristics a form of improved UMC is proposed, in which the magnetomotive force (MMF) of the excitation winding serves as the argument's role. Findings. Using the improved UMC it is possible to calculate the characteristics of uncompensated TEMs for any degree of attenuation of excitation. The accuracy of the calculation at β = 1 does not differ from that in the calculation for UMC, proposed by Prof. M. D. Nakhodkin. The same accuracy is preserved at excitation degrees that are different from unity. Originality. An analytical technique for calculating the magnetic (speed) characteristics of uncompensated TEM for any degree of attenuation with the help of an improved UMC is proposed. The analytical technique for determining the saturation coefficient for an improved UMC at any degree of attenuation of excitation is also proposed. Due to the introduction of an excitation winding as an argument, there is no need to determine the approximation coefficients for each specific TEM. Practical value. The developed methodology let calculate magnetic characteristics of uncompensated REMs for any degree of attenuation of excitation. On the basis of this technique, it is possible to develop a technique for determining the inductive parameters of the TEM, using the saturation coefficient of the machine as initial data.
SELECTION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE NOMINAL MODE ELECTRIC TRAINS WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION DRIVE
Authors: Hetman H. K. , Marikutsa S. L.
Published: July 2017

Purpose. Parameters of the nominal mode are related to the most important performance indicators of traction means, therefore, the problems of choosing their optimal values always inevitably arise when forming technical requirements for a new rolling stock. The paper describes the features of solving the above-mentioned problems for electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive in the case of two-zone and three-zone frequency control of power. Methodology. Power of nominal mode of the rolling stock should be chosen in such a way that it would be possible to realize a predetermined travel time along in the section or the movement speed. On that basis, and also taking into account the fact that the important operational characteristics of electric trains include the acceleration value during the start-up and acceleration at the design speed, we will formulate the problem of determining the nominal power. In the task for a given range of traction, it is necessary to find such a value of the nominal mode power and the corresponding force value to ensure the ability to carry out transportations with the given level of average speed with minimal energy consumption for traction. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: a) the speed of the electric train on the section does not exceed the established limits; b) it is possible to realize the given values of accelerations. A more detailed consideration of the problem shows that in real conditions, when the starting acceleration and the mass of the train are given, the problem of determining electric train power is practically reduced to determining the optimal value of the nominal mode speed. Findings. The task of choosing the optimal values of the nominal mode speed is solved by determining the electric power consumption with the variation of the possible values of starting speed. Therefore, only those values that ensure the implementation of the given starting and residual accelerations should be taken into account. The work shows that the traction force value increases with the design speed increase and other equal conditions, if the starting speed is increased. Originality. Authors developed the methodology for determining the optimal values of the nominal mode parameters of electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive, with two-zone and three-zone frequency power regulation. Practical value. The above mentioned methodology can be the basis when forming technical requirements for new rolling stock for Ukraine’s railways.
(Re)Framing and the (medical) anthropological lens
Authors: Moyer Eileen , Nguyen Vinh-Kim
Published: July 2017

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Is the 21st century the age of biomedicalization?
Authors: Moyer Eileen , Nguyen Vinh-Kim
Published: July 2017

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Naming and forgetting
Authors: Craig Sienna R. , Gerke Barbara
Published: July 2017

Sowa Rigpa is generally translated as ‘the science of healing’ and often used synonymously for ‘Tibetan medicine’. Historically, Sowa Rigpa can be considered a borrowed term from Sanskrit, accompanied by an adopted sense of ‘science’, which initially signified all forms of medicine known to the Tibetan world, regardless of their place of origin. Over the centuries, Sowa Rigpa became linked to local, indigenous, and ‘enskilled’ practices; later, to nationalist political sensibilities; and of late to cultural belonging. The term evokes territoriality, claims to ownership of knowledge, concerns over sustaining national identities, and considerations about how place-based healing practices and material resources relate to the globalizing ideas about traditional Asian medicines. Textual and ethnographic analyses and interviews with practitioners from China, India, and Nepal show how Sowa Rigpa exists at once as a marker of shared intellectual and cultural histories and forms of medical practice and as a label for a globally circulating medical system with distinct interpretations. Looking at Sowa Rigpa as operating in de- and reterritorialized global spaces makes visible how, why, and to what end modernity forgets (Connerton 2009), thereby allowing for broader conclusions applicable to other medical contexts.
The recognition of Sowa Rigpa in India
Authors: Kloos Stephan
Published: July 2017

In 2010, the Government of India officially recognized Tibetan medicine as an ‘Indian system of medicine’ called ‘Sowa Rigpa’. This article documents the processes that led to Sowa Rigpa’s recognition, and situates them at the confluence of economic interests and political strategies within a larger historical and cultural context. Recognition emerges here as a twofold process that makes Sowa Rigpa legible to the state while simultaneously facilitating its incorporation into the market as capital. Previously an inalienable part of Tibetan and Buddhist Himalayan cultural heritage, Sowa Rigpa could now be legitimately claimed or appropriated as cultural, political, or economic capital, giving rise to tensions over ownership and control. Tracing how Sowa Rigpa’s recognition transformed from an initial struggle for protection to one over control, this article offers a critical new perspective on the recognition of cultural heritage, India’s pluralistic health care system, and the Asian traditional pharmaceutical industry.
Affect, infrastructure, and vulnerability
Authors: Danely Jason
Published: July 2017

Care work requires a vulnerability and ethical responsiveness towards the cared-for, including an openness to ebbs and flows of affective intensity. For care workers, affective vulnerability is not only a precondition for good care but can also precipitate exhaustion, neglect, and even violence under precarious political and economic conditions. I argue that the concept of vulnerability allows us to trouble the distinction between the supposed oppositional forces of care and violence, allowing us to imagine other possible ways of being in the world with others. Drawing on ten months of fieldwork in Kyoto, Japan, I describe how care workers constitute a human infrastructure whose vulnerability facilitates flows of compassion and cruelty, erotic intensity and heavy fatigue. Care workers’ narratives reveal a process of striving to embody vulnerability and sustain moral selfhood without breaking down.
The moral life of epinephrine in the United States
Authors: Glabau Danya
Published: July 2017

This paper follows the ‘moral life’ of epinephrine auto-injectors, devices that people with food allergies and their caretakers use to administer emergency medication to stop serious allergic reactions, in the United States. These devices are potent signifiers of the seemingly precarious nature of life with food allergies. I follow auto-injectors from their social birth as a commodity object, through how they structure doctor-patient interactions and parenting, to the ways that parents and illness advocates talk about their life-saving properties. At every step of the way, their significance is influenced by the political-economic context of health care in the United States, which places significant burdens of financial cost and responsibility for deciding what constitutes ‘good’ care upon individual patients and caretakers. The moral life of epinephrine serves as a model for thinking about how medical devices take on meaning that is at once practical, moral, and economic as they circulate through manufacturing and distribution channels and into the lives and social worlds of users.
Undetectable?
Authors: Girard Gabriel
Published: July 2017

In recent years, the ‘end of AIDS’ has been at the top of the international scientific and political agenda. At the same time, attention to the dark years of the epidemic is increasing, revealing a form of nostalgia for a time of collective mobilization. But what is to be said of the current state of the disease, between the nostalgia for a tragic past and the hope of a world without AIDS? This think piece was prompted by the increasing erasure of contemporary experiences of the sickness. At a time when we have the means to render HIV biologically undetectable, I propose to explore another of the virus’s materialities: its social and historic inscription in urban settings, in particularly in Montreal’s gay neighbourhood.
Orchestrating home
Authors: Karasaki Mutsumi , Warren Narelle , Manderson Lenore
Published: July 2017

The private space of the home is an important site of health care in most industrialised countries, and rehabilitation following intensive in-hospital treatment largely takes place in domestic settings. Home in this context is implicitly understood by individuals affected by illness (people with illness, family members, friends, carers), health care providers, and policy makers as an a priori entity that naturally provides continuity and stability. This takes for granted that family carers will maintain both therapeutic activities and the sense of ‘being at home’ – and all of the accompanying emotional dimensions – within the home environment. Drawing on ethnographic research with relatively young spousal carers in Victoria, Australia, we explore how the reconstruction of home as a site for post-stroke recovery changed the experiences and meanings given to the idea of home. Home as a therapeutic place depended on constant orchestrating work that reconfigured the physical, symbolic, and practical elements of home. This was not a straightforward or singular process, as tensions arose in trying to integrate the new, post-stroke therapeutic landscape and pre-stroke conceptualisations and lived realities of home life.
Therapeutic landscapes
Authors: Winchester Margaret , McGrath Janet
Published: July 2017

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The therapeutic landscapes concept as a mobilizing tool for liberation
Authors: Williams Allison M.
Published: July 2017

In this reflection, I argue for using the therapeutic landscapes concept as a tool for mobilizing positive change in the world. I first lay out three major research areas in therapeutic landscapes inquiry, and provide a review of similarities in this area of inquiry in both health geography and medical anthropology. Next, I argue for the application of the therapeutic landscapes concept in liberating, if even in a small way, the growing population of the most vulnerable in our society, countries, and globe. I note two anthropological contributions that illustrate how the concept of therapeutic landscapes can be employed in liberating vulnerability, before discussing a work in progress, specific to an intentional ashram community with a mandate dedicated to world peace. I conclude by setting out the importance of this new direction for the future application of the therapeutic landscape concept as a tool for liberation.
'When I was transgender'
Authors: Hegarty Benjamin
Published: July 2017

This think piece reflects on the ways in which the category ‘transgender’ is used by waria – Indonesia’s ‘national transvestite’ (Boellstorff 2007) – based on ethnographic data collected from informants aged forty years or older in Yogyakarta and Jakarta. I was struck by how this group used the category ‘transgender’ with reference to a particular time in life that stretched from mid-teens to late twenties, a period marked by national and transnational migration for intensive sex work and other labor. Their use of ‘transgender’ to describe certain times of their lives but not others validates scholarly calls to question the privileging of gender and sexuality in analyses of subjectivity. It also troubles the basis of Western assumptions about aging and its relationship to the self, which presumes an experience of time as an orderly chronological progression. Finally, their use of ‘transgender’ demands closer attention to why the use of categories of gender and sexuality might shift across the life course. My informants’ narratives invite us to consider how people in different locations draw upon globalized categories to make meaning. Greater ethnographic attention towards how categories are drawn upon to produce and reflect subjectivity in diverse ways may produce a reflexive understanding of the relationship between categories and the context of entrenched structural inequalities in which they are used.
Lost in translation?
Authors: Elliott Denielle , Thomas Timothy K.
Published: July 2017

This rather unorthodox essay is a dialogue between an anthropologist and an epidemiologist, both of whom were involved with a large-scale collaborative ethnographic project exploring medical field studies, or ‘trial communities’, in western Kenya. Reflecting on their involvement with this project, the authors consider the pragmatics of what ‘collaboration’ represents in different disciplines and how it is enacted. The dialogue, which included a follow-up interview after the research was completed, highlights the expectations and tensions in such collaborative projects and offers the epidemiologist an opportunity to highlight the ideas, methods, and possibilities that he perceived as being ‘lost in translation’ between sociocultural anthropology and experimental medicine. We raise critical issues regarding the disjuncture between epidemiological and anthropological practices in research design, methods, epistemology, and collaboration, with the hopes of provoking more discussions regarding best practices in collaborative research projects.
Analysis of repulsed dust from electrostatic curtain using different voltages
Authors: Abdullah M. , Al-Ansari M. , Ayad R.
Published: July 2017

Naturally dust particles are statically charged, they settle down on different surfaces. Experiments were conducted to study the rolled off dust particles from the surface of an electrostatic curtain. The value of the applied dc voltages to the electrostatic curtain is considered along with the diameters of accumulated dust particles. For this purpose, dust was collected and classified into three categories depending on the values of the particle diameter (20, 40 and 56 µm).

Fluorescence X-Ray results showed that the dust is composed of various elements such as lead, silver, nickel, copper and many others. The presence of those elements on the charged electrostatic curtain depends on their electrical conductivity and molecular weight.
Quality of Kani-Ban water as a main tributary of Tanjero River for irrigation purposes
Authors: HamaSalh Nizar , Ahmaad Ali
Published: July 2017

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of Kani-Ban stream water as one of the main tributary of Tanjero River in Sulaimani for irrigation purpose. Water samples were collected from (6) various locations from November (2013) to April (2014). Water samples were analyzed the various physico-chemical parameters,  such as, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 -, CO3 2-, SO4 2-, Cl-, B, and NO3-. The present work is a trial to evaluate and classify the water quality of Kani-Ban stream for irrigation purpose, by using the model of Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) developed in Brazil .The results obtained on (IWQI) for all sampling sites were within the class of use with no restrictions (excellent) for irrigation. According to the EC and SAR plotted on the US salinity diagram, it is illustrated that water samples of Kani- Ban stream fall in the class of (C2-S1) for locations (1, 2, 3, and 4) indicating medium salinity with low sodium hazards, while other locations (5 and 6) fall in the class of (C3-S1) indicating high salinity with low sodium hazards which can be used for irrigation. While as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) , all the water samples fell under ‘Low’ class and as per salinity classification (US salinity diagram); all the irrigation water samples fell under low sodium hazards (S1)

1class it means these water samples are suitable for irrigation. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values of all water samples under “Safe” category.
JCGP-Injective Rings With Some Types of Rings
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Abdullah
Published: July 2017

The concept of right P-injective rings, which was first introduced by Ming in 1974. As a generalization of right P-injective rings, the notion of right JCP-injective rings, which was first introduced by Junchao in 2009. Now, in the present paper we introduce the notion of right JCGP-injective rings, which is stronger than right GP-injective rings due to Ming in 1985. Some properties, characterizations and main results for right JCGPinjective rings will be finding.
Subdividing Extension of Eulerian Graphs
Authors: Attar Akram , Alwan Alyaa
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the subdividing extensibility number for Eulerian graphs has been studied. Eulerian graphs with subdividing extensibility number at most 3 are characterized.
Synthesis and evaluation antimicrobial activity of some new S-substituted Quinazolinone containing pentagonal, hexagonal heterocyclic ring
Authors: Al-Majidi S. , Alfraij Redhab
Published: July 2017

New 1,2,4-triazine, imidazole ,2-aminothiazole, phthalazine and  oxazoline derivatives of 2-mercapto-3-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone were synthesized via an important intermediate compound(2) In which formed from reaction of compound(1) with chloroacetyl chloeide in dimethylformamide. The following different steps show the details of this work: The first step involves the conversion of compound (2) in to thiosemicarbazide and thiourea derivatives through its reaction with thiosemicarbazide,thiourea respectively to give compounds 3 and 4. Then cyclization of compounds 3 and 4 by using alkaline media 4N NaOH and concentrated H2SO4 to give compounds (5, 6 and 7) respectively. The second step involves treating compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate in dimethylformamide to give compound (8). Then reaction of prepared compound (8) with different aromatic anhydrides in acetic acid as a solvent to gives compounds (9-13). The third step involves preparation of compounds (14, 15 and 16) via reaction of compound (8) with (1-naphthyl isocyanate, phenylisocyanate and phenyl thioisocyanate) respectively in absolute ethanol. Then cyclization of compounds 14, 15 and 16 with alkaline media in the presence of 4N NaOH and p-bromophenacyl bromide to give compounds (17-22) respectively. The fourth step involves reaction of the prepared compound (8) with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide producing compound (23). The obtained salt (23) was treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford the desirable compound (24). The structure of newly synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, some other physical Properties and some specific reactions.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation activity of some new substituted spiro-thiazolidine,Imidazolinone and azetidine derivatives of 5-Bromo Isatine
Authors: Al-Majidi S. , Kaka Hama L.
Published: July 2017

A series of new 5-BromoIsatin linked to spiro thiazolidinone, Imidazolinone and azetidinone moieties were synthesized. Schiff bases 3-(substituted –imino)-1H-indole-2one(1-5),which were prepared by condensation 5-bromoisatin with different substituted aromatic amine in the presence of glacial acetic acid and Dimethyl- formamide (DMF) as a solvent. Three routs with different reagents were used for the cyclization of the Prepared Schiff bases,the reagents(2-mercaptoaceticacid,2-aminoaceticacid and monochloroacetylchloride) to form spiro-Thiazolidinone(6-10), spiro-imidazolinone (11-15) and spiro-azetidinone       (16-20) derivatives respectively. The  structures of the newly synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods FTIR,1H-NMR. Furthermore the effects of the preparing compounds on some strains of bacteria and one yeast were studied.
Indirect spectrophotometric determination of folic acid based on the oxidation reaction and studying some of the thermodynamic parameters
Authors: Othman N. , Hasan Sh. , Surchi K.
Published: July 2017

A simple and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of folic acid in pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the oxidation of folic acid by iron (III) in acidic medium, then reaction of liberated iron (II) with 2, 2'-bipyridyl to produce a red complex which is water-soluble, stable, and has a maximum absorption at 520 nm against the reagent blank with a molar absorptivity of 2.8338 x 105 L .mol-1.cm-1. Beer’s law is valid over the concentration range of 0.5-18.0 µg/ml folic acid. The values of some thermodynamic parameters [free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S)] were estimated from the values of stability constants (K) at different temperatures .It was found  that  colored product formation was spontaneous, exothermic and accompanied by an increase of random. The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine folic acid in different pharmaceutical preparations.
Some Properties of Sp-Closed Spaces and Sp-Closed Relative to Spaces
Authors: Shareef H.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this paper is to introduce two types of sets called Sp- #- open and Sp-regular set in topological spaces and study more properties of Sp-closed spaces,  Sp-closed relative to spaces interms of these two sets.
The Frasnian-Famennian shelf deposits of the Bahram Formation in the Shams Abad section Kerman province, Central Iran: facies and sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Hashmie A. , Nikbakht F. , Rezaee P. , Ghorbanie M. , Nejad A. , Zare A.
Published: July 2017

Bahram Formation is a carbonate-clastic sequence of Late Devonian (Frasnian– Famennian) age and is deposited at the Central Iran sedimentary basin, Iran. In this investigation, Bahram Formation has been studied at Shams Abad section. Facies analysis and petrographic studies led to the recognition of 9 microfacies that are deposited in five facies belts: shore, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and shallow open marine. The observed facies patterns indicate a mix carbonate-clastic shelf depositional environment. The shelf margin is formed as a result of tectonic activity associated with Hercynian orogeny passive margin in northeast Gondwana. Based on field observations, microfacies analysis and sequence stratigraphic concepts three, thirdorder sequences in this section. Sequences 3 joint with Hutk Formation (Carboniferous) are identified, on the basis of shallowing upward patterns. The transgressive deposits display a predominance of deep subtidal facies, while highstand deposits show shallow subtidal facies.
Sg- Open Sets in Topological Spaces
Authors: Darwesh H. , Hessea N.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we introduce a new type of semi-open sets which we call Sg - open sets, and then we study some its basic properties and characterizations, further, we investigate some relationships with some other types of sets.
Origin of Fossiliferous Limestone Beds inside the Upper Part of Tanjero Formation at the Northwest of Sulaimani Area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq
Authors: Karim K. , Ismail Kh. , Baziany M.
Published: July 2017

The present study is focused on origin of fossiliferous limestone beds that are exposed in the Chaqchaq Valley at 10 kms to northwest of Sulaimani city. These beds are exposed inside upper part of the Tanjero Formation (Upper part of Gurpi Formation in Iran) and, in this study, they are call Chaqchaq limestone. The petrography and age determination proved that they aged Late Maastrichtian and belongs to Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur Formation in Iran). These beds represent the extreme distal facies of the  formation. The fossil contents of these beds include large foraminiferas (Omphalocyclus, Orbitoids and Loftusia), fragments of Rudists in addition to solitary corals, echinoderm and gastropods.These  fossils are all allochthous and reworked by submarine mass wasting from their original life position in Chwatra–Mawat area. 

As the discovered outcrops are located, stratigraphically, near the boundary of Cretaceous and Tertiary ages, it has important contribution on changing paleo-geography and tectonism of northeastern Iraq during Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The paleogeography of the area was consisted of large foreland basin that was covered all north eastern Iraq without any compartmentation.   Previously Aqra Formation is recorded in the Imbricated and Thrust Zones while the present study records it in the High Folded Zone for the first time in the Northeastern Iraq. This record will remove the uncertainty that associated with the relations of the stratigraphic units in the Imbricated and Thrust Zones with those of High Folded Zones. In these zones, Tanjero Formation (with Aqra Formation) and Red Bed Series are deposited during Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The occurrence of these beds inside hemiplelagite (upper part of Tanjero

Formation), make the age determination of the beds and their equivalent (Aqra Formation) in the Chwarta Mawat area are possible by planktonic forms. The planktonic foraminiferas show that the age of these beds (Chachaq Limestone) is late Maastrichtian.
Enhancement efficiency of P3HT:PCBM solar cell by different treatment annealing
Authors: Hussein Abdullah , Hussain Waleed , Al-luaiby Hussein , Basova Tamara , Hassan Aseel
Published: July 2017

Solvent Vapor Annealing (SVA) followed by Post Thermal Annealing (SVA-PA) are demonstrated as attractive methods to anneal polymer blend films and represent a very useful process to control the morphology for high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). It is found that compared with general annealing processes, the crystallinity of regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) has enhanced by performing SVA-PA on freshly deposited films. In this work we have investigated thin film blend produced from P3HT and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) materials. This photoactive layer is sandwiched between an anode composed of indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)  and Al as the cathode  layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study reveals that the SVA annealed films exhibit smooth surface and homogenous conductivity distribution. Moreover, an enhanced light harvesting and increased crystallinity of P3HT in the active layer are observed by UV–vis absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We have seen that thermal annealing significantly improves the optical absorption ability for all treatment. We have also the current density- voltage characteristics  and External quantum efficiency (EQE) of different thermal annealing.
Synthesis and optical band gap investigation of PVA/CdS nanocomposite films
Authors: Abdullah Omed
Published: July 2017

The nanocomposites of polyvinyl alcohol PVA with different concentration of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles CdS-NPs were obtained using chemical reduction route and casting technique. The effects of CdS concentrations on the optical properties of the PVA films were studied in the regions near-infrared, ultraviolet, and visible wavelength, (190-1100) nm. The obtained optical parameters were found to be strongly affected by CdS contents. From the derivation of Tauc's relation, it was found that the direct allowed transition was more probable in both CdS/PVA nanocomposite and CdS-NP. The results indicate that the obtained values of optical absorption edge and energies band gap decreases with increasing salt contents, as well as the reduction of the width of the tail localized states was observed. The study has been also extended to include the estimating of CdS particle size from the energies band gap for the investigated nanocomposite films.
The New Application of the Cauchy Operator
Authors: Abdlhusein Mohammed
Published: July 2017

In this paper, introduced new application of the Cauchy operator, where we   define a polynomials ; , then we represent this polynomials by Cauchy operator, to derive the identities of ; in simple way, where we using this representation and the limit technique to introduce the basic identities:  generating function, Mehler’s formula and Roger’s formula for ; polynomials.  Also we introduce an extension of the generating function, extension of Mehler’s formula and extension of the Roger’s formula. All identities will be derived in this paper depending on the roles of the Cauchy operator given in [1,11].
The effect of 3, 3', 3'',3'''-tetra poly- (1, 4-phenylene terphthalamide) pthalocyanine copper(II) in intermediate layer on the performance of active layer solar cells
Authors: Hussein Abdullah , Al-Fregi Adil , Al-Malki Ziyad
Published: July 2017

A new phthalocyanine grafted polymer namely 3, 3', 3'', 3'''-Tetra{ poly- (1, 4-phenylene isophthalamide)} pthalocyanine copper (II) (TPPT) has been prepared andcharacterized by IR , U.V-visible spectroscopies. 3, 3', 3'', 3'''-Tetra{ poly- (1, 4-phenylene isophthalamide)} pthalocyanine copper (II) (TPPT) deposited at the interfaceof the hole collecting buffer intermediate layer [poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS)] and poly (3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenylC61butyricacidmethylester (P3HT:PCBM) active layer were found to significantly increasesolar cell performance. The "photo-physical" properties of these devices incorporatedwith (TPPT) with different space distributions at the interface of PEDOT: PSS bufferintermediate layer, and P3HT: PCBM active layer were investigated. We find that, theoptical property was improved as the TPPT are large enough to penetrate into the activelayer and the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) with large TPPT can benefitfrom the improved hole collection efficiency. The power conversion efficiency (PCE)enhancement for the device with a PEDOT: PSS. TPPT film is more significant than forthe device with PEDOT: PSS film. PSCs give Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of0.14%, for ITO/PEDOT:PSS: TPPT/P3HT: PCBM/Al devices.
Evaluation of different 4x4 Coded MIMO System
Authors: Qaradaghi Thuraya , Hussein Diana
Published: July 2017

In this paper 4x4 coded MIMO-OFDM systems with two different code rate OSTBC(1/2 and 3/4) and different types of QAM as a baseband modulation have been studied,and compared with a 4x2 coded MIMO system. The system has been evaluated over amultipath flat-fading and frequency-selective fading, assuming channels with non line ofsight (NLOS). Three different Doppler frequencies (5, 50 and 100 Hz) have been used tostudy the systems in different channel situations. The results shows that increasing thenumber of antennas at the receiver side reduce the effect of the Doppler shift, becauseincreasing the number of antennas means increasing the number of channels, andtransmitting the symbols through these channels in different times. OSTBC with twodifferent code rate (R=1/2 and 3/4) have been used with 4 transmitting antennas, andOSTBC with R= 1/2 gives a better results than the one with R= 3/4, because when R=3/4three symbols are send during 4 time slots, but when R=1/2 just two symbols are sendduring four time slots. That is beside sending multi-copies of each symbol in differenttime and different space