bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Holding Time of Decarbonization Annealing on Recrystallization in Fe-3.2%Si-0.047Nb% Low-Temperature Oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Tian Xin , Kuang Shuang , Li Jie , Liu Shuai , Feng Yunli
Published: October 2021

In this study, the effects of decarburization annealing time on the primary recrystallization microstructure, the texture and the magnetic properties of the final product of 0.047% Nb low-temperature grain-oriented silicon steel were investigated by means of OM, EBSD and XRD. The results show that when the decarburization annealing condition is 850 °C for 5 min, the uniform fine primary recrystallization microstructure can be obtained, and the content of favorable texture {111} <112> is the highest while that of unfavorable texture {110} <112> is the lowest, which is mostly distributed near the central layer. At the same time, there are the most high-energy grain boundaries with high mobility in the primary recrystallization microstructure of the sample annealed at 850 °C for 5 min, and the ∑9 boundary has the highest percentage of grain boundaries. The samples with different decarburization annealing time were annealed at high temperature. It was found that perfect secondary recrystallization occurred after high-temperature annealing when the decarburization annealing condition was 850 °C for 5 min. The texture component was characterized by a single Goss texture, and the size of the Goss grain reached 4.6 mm. Under such annealing conditions, the sample obtained shows the optimal soft magnetic properties of B800 = 1.89 T and P1.7/50 = 1.33 w/kg.
Simulation of Extended Wavelength Avalanche Photodiode with the Type-II Superlattice Absorption Layer
Authors: Zhao Wei-Lin , Wang Wei , Liu Chen , Hou Ze-Peng , Ye Hai-Feng , Huang Run-Yu , Li Zai-Bo , Zhang Jia-Xin , Yang Xue-Yan , Zhu Hong-Xia , Shi Yan-Li
Published: October 2021

The relationship between the performance of avalanche photodiode (APD) and structural parameters of the absorption, grading, and multiplication layers has been thoroughly simulated and discussed using the equivalent materials approach and Crosslight software. Based on separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication (SAGCM) structure, the absorption layer of APD was replaced with InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice compared to conventional InGaAs/InP SAGCM APD. The results indicated that the breakdown voltage increased with the doping concentration of the absorption layer. When the thickness of the multiplication layer increased from 0.1 μm to 0.6 μm, the linear range of punchthrough voltage increased from 16 V to 48 V, and the breakdown voltage decreased at first and then increased when the multiplication layer reached the critical thickness at 0.35 μm. The grading layer could not only slow down the hole carrier, but also adjust the electric field. The dark current was reduced to about 10 nA and the gain was over 100 when the APD was cooled to 240 K. The response wavelength APD could be extended to 2.8 μm by fine tuning the superlattice parameters. The simulation results indicated that the APD using superlattice materials has potential to achieve a long wavelength response, a high gain, and a low dark current.
Improving the Electrical Efficiency of the PV Panel via Geothermal Heat Exchanger: Mathematical Model, Validation and Parametric Analysis
Authors: Sakellariou Evangelos I. , Axaopoulos Petros J. , Sarris Ioannis E. , Abdullaev Nodirbek
Published: October 2021

Silicon based photovoltaic modules (PV) are a wide spread technology and are used for small and large PV power stations. At the moment, the most efficient method which can be used to improve the annual electrical energy production of PVs is solar tracking systems. However, solar tracking systems increase substantially the initial cost of the investment and insert maintenance costs. During the last few decades, alternative improving methods have been investigated. These methods are based on the reduction of the PV cell temperature, which adversely affects the power production. In the present study, a system with water based photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector paired with geothermal heat exchanger (GHE) is compared on the electrical energy basis with a conventional PV system. As the first approach on the topic, the aim is to find out in which extent the PVT-GHE system improves the electrical energy generation by cooling down the PV cells and which parameters influence the most its energy performance. With this aim in mind, the model of the system with the PV, PVT, and GHE was formulated in TRNSYS and validated via experimental data. Meteorological data for Athens (Greece) were used and parametric analyses were conducted. The results showed that the PVT based system can increase the generated electricity from 0.61 to 5.5%. The flowrate, the size of the GHE and the number in-series connected PVTs are the parameters which influence the most the energy performance of the system.
Vokiečių masonų karinės ložės Lietuvoje 1916–1918 metais
Authors: Petronis Vytautas
Published: October 2021

ANNOTATION. The article offers a brief overview of German military Masonic lodges, their
origin, evolution, and the attitude towards the war, which were known to foster humanistic principles. Two military lodges, the German Guard on the River Nemunas (Deutsche Wacht an der Memel), and Vilnius for the Flaming Sword (Wilna zum Flammenden Schwert), which operated in present-day Lithuania from 1916 to 1918, are subjected to a detailed analysis. The aim of the study is to offer some information about the two specific and little-known branches of the German Freemasonry on the foreign soil.

KEYWORDS: First World War, Vilnius, Kaunas, Freemasons, military lodges.
Sanitary and parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020
Authors: Shemetova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Nikeshina Tatyana Vasilievna , Polyanskaya Nina Vitalievna , Shendo Gennadiy Leonidovich , Arakelyan Rudolf Sergeevich , Korolkova Valeriya Sergeevna , Artsueva Khedi Bekkhanovna
Published: October 2021

The article presents the material on the sanitary-parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020. In total, during the analyzed period, laboratory studies were conducted on 77,017 samples taken from environmental objects (soil, water, flushes from solid household surfaces). The share of water samples in the structure of general sanitary and parasitological studies of the environment was 7.6 % (5858 samples), including unsatisfactory samples was 3.0 % (175 samples). The structure of positive findings in water samples was represented by 6 nosological forms of helminthiasis — 88.0 % (154 samples) and 3 nosoforms of protozoa — 12.0 %. Water samples were taken from various sources in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region and examined for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths, cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa and oocysts of cryptosporidia: water from open reservoirs, centralized water supply, swimming pools, waste water, water from wells and bottled water. As a result of the conducted studies, the results were obtained, indicating that the parasitic contamination of water bodies of the Astrakhan region remains very intense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa; the presence in the studied water samples of eggs and larvae of helminths and pathogenic protozoa cysts, evidence of the contamination of these objects feces of infected people (eggs broad tapeworm, Ascaris, opisthorchis, pinworms, Giardia cysts, amoebas and blastocyst) and animals (egg opistorchis, Toxocara, larvae strongylid); the presence of positive findings in the sewage samples indicates poor disinfestation data objects; the presence of parasitic agents in water samples taken from open reservoirs indicates that they are contaminated with the feces of infected animals and people, or that the object is contaminated with sewage and / or sewage.
Teacher’s request: multimedia manuals for the formation of student’s health
Authors: Sobolevskaya Tat’yana Aleksandrovna , Ryabova Irina Viktorovna , Nezhkina Natal’ya Nikolaevna , Zverev Oleg Mikhaylovich , Chernogorov Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of survey of teachers in Moscow schools to study a request of learning materials for formation of healthy lifestyle and prevention of health problems of students in educational process both in the classroom and in distance learning and their preferences in content of such tools. 270 teachers from 27 general education complexes of different administrative districts of Moscow took part in the survey (December 2020). The results of survey shows that today there is a shortage of educational materials on electronic resources aimed at forming student’s health and preventing its violations. There is a request from the teachers for development and creation of such tools and mainly multimedia materials.
Comprehensive assessment of the lifestyle of students studying at the Agrarian University
Authors: Latyshevskaya Natalya Ivanovna , Levchenko Natalya Viktorovna , Kulikov Vladimir Sergeevich , Kanishcheva Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a cross-sectional study of the lifestyle of students of an agricultural university. A quantitative assessment (in points) of the components of the way of life is given. In total, 5 blocks were identified that are significant in the formation of students’ health: healthy nutrition, the value of daily physical activity, daily routine, adherence to the rules of personal hygiene and the absence of bad habits. The data obtained indicate that of the total number of factors that have a significant impact on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students, are nutrition, physical activity, and daily routine. First-year students were found to have: violation of the frequency and regularity of meals, rare use of hot food at the university, deficit of motor activity, insufficient duration of night sleep, especially severe violations in the group of girls. The study made it possible to identify risk groups among students as a whole in terms of lifestyle, as well as in its individual components that require correction. It was found that the number of students leading a healthy lifestyle (option I) is higher among 5th year boys and 3th year girls. A lifestyle with a risk to health (option III) is more typical for 1st year girls. The performed correlation analysis showed the presence of connections between the factors «nutrition», «daily physical activity», «daily routine», as well as their individual components, more pronounced in the group of 3 and 5 year students. The obtained data are presented to the administration of the university for the joint development of a complex of preventive and health-improving measures, taking into account the priority behavioral risks characteristic of students of different age and sex groups.
Comparison of Blood Pressure In Deaf Secondary School Children and Their hearing Counterparts: Association Between Noise and Blood Pressure
Authors: Nwaorgu O G B , Arulogun O S
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective: High blood pressure has been known to be one of the problems that could develop as a result of exposure to noise. Consequently, those who are hearing impaired are thought to be immune to this. This study assessed the relationship between noise exposure and blood pressure.

Methodology: This is a comparative prospective study involving participants (consisting of the hearing and the hearing impaired) drawn from a school environment that is situated close to a major highway and railway and evaluating the impact of noise on their blood pressure.

Results: The study population consisted of 299 secondary school students. The noise sensitive group comprised 220 participants with normal hearing while the noise-insensitive group comprised 79 hearing impaired from the same school. More participants 6 (85.7%) from the noise insensitive group were found to have significantly higher blood pressure than their hearing counterparts 1 (14.3%). In addition, majority of the participants (63.1%) irrespective of their level of noise sensitivity were underweight.

Conclusion: This study finds noise exposure alone not sufficient to bring about an increase in blood pressure of the studied population. This not withstanding we advocate for policy measures aimed at controlling the source of environmental noise around educational institution which will aid in reducing the adverse effects of noise on the school children.

KEYWORDS: Blood pressure, Hearing impairment, Body Mass Index, School Pupils.
Perception of Low Vision Students In Saudi Arabia Regarding Their Integration Into Regular Schools
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah Z
Published: October 2021

Background: Low Vision, also referred to as “partial sight”, has been defined as “reduced central acuity or visual field loss which even with best optical correction still results in visual impairment from a performance standpoint. Low vision affects many aspects of life, the main goal in the field of low care therefore, is to assist the low vision patient in making the best use of remaining vision for a reasonable quality of life. Education of students with low vision has become a central focus of concern in special education in different countries such as Saudi Arabia. Student with visual impairments have received educational services in a variety of settings including schools for blind or in segregated classrooms in a public school building.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective response of Saudi Arabia low vision students towards their integration into regular schools.

Methods: Twenty-nine (29) low vision students who study in three regular schools participated in this study. The average age was 13.2 years. They have not used any Low Vision Aids either when they study in blind schools or after they have been integrated into regular schools. A questionnaire was used to measure the subjective response of the student towards the integration in comparison with segregation (School for the Blind).

Results: The result of the questionnaire shows that 75.86% of normally sighted students deal friendly with low vision students. Also, it has been found that 79.31% of the visually impaired students were happy to be in regular schools; however, 3.45% was unhappy. Moreover, it has been found that 86.2% of them support the concept of integration in comparison with segregation. In other words, they are not supporting isolation in terms of education.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the integration of low vision students in the regular schools can be very effective and play an important role in improving the quality of education provided to them.

KEY WORDS: Integration, Segregation, Low Vision students, Regular Schools.
Musculoskeletal Complications And General Health Status Of Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Ayanniyi O , Ayeni A OZ , Oni-Orisan M O
Published: October 2021

Sickle cell disease is a chronic disease that is associated with high degree of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to find the relationship between musculoskeletal complications and general health status of patients with sickle cell disorders.

The HSQ 2.0 questionnaire, (a general health survey questionnaire), was used to assess the subjects’ health status while a separate questionnaire was used to compile data on complications. Descriptive and inferential statistic of Spearman’s correlation was used to find relationship between complications and health status. Level of significance was set at 0.05 alpha.

Seventy-two subjects with sickle cell disorder participated in the study. Fifty-six (77.8%) were of genotype Hb SS. Most of the subjects, 51 (70.8%) normally experienced back pain, 22 (30.5%) had chest pain while only 2.8% had visual problem. Generally, subjects scored low on all health status sub-scales except the mental health sub-scale where the mean score was near 60% (59.84 ± 17.41%). The lowest mean score (47.99 ± 24.03%) was obtained on role limitation due to physical health sub-scale. There were significant correlations between complications and health status.

It was concluded that the health of individuals with sickle cell disease is compromised on all the eight domains of health status and that painful complications affect their social and physical functioning and impose limitation on them. It was also concluded that the more the number of body parts with pain the lower the health status become.

KEYWORDS: Musculoskeletal complications; Health status; Sickle cell disease.
Test-Retest Reliability of Ultrasound Imaging of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle
Authors: Sokunbi Oluleke Ganiyu
Published: October 2021

Background to the study: Muscle strength and muscle size measurement are useful indicator of musculoskeletal pathology but it seems difficult at the moment to isolate individual paravertebral muscle for strength testing. It may therefore be useful to measure muscle size which can be achieved in vivo using diagnostic imaging technique.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate test-retest reliability of using diagnostic ultrasound imaging in the assessment of multifidus cross sectional area (CSA).

Materials and method: Five apparently healthy volunteers (2 males 3 females) whose ages ranged from 23 to 35 years participated in this study. FF Sonic UF-750XT diagnostic ultrasound imaging machine with a 5MHz curvilinear transducer was used for ultrasound imaging oflumbar multifidus muscle.

Results: The results shows that the average scores of lumbar multifidus ranged from 5.3cm2 to 8.6cm2. The test retest reliability for measuring lumbar multifidus on both single (0.996) and average measures (0.999) was good (P< 0.05).

Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging could be said to be a reliable method that could be used by physiotherapist in evaluating multifidus muscle size which in turn could be a useful guide to the assessment of the effects of low back pain (LBP) and in the evaluation of the efficacy of common therapeutic intervention for LBP disorders.

KEY WORDS: Multifidus, Reliability, Ultrasound Imaging
Association Between Pulse Index and Metabolic syndrome in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Outcome of a Twelve-Weeks Therapeutic Exercise
Authors: Adeniyi Ade Fatai , Sanya Arinola O , Fasanmade A A , Tijjani B , Uloko A E
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an entity with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Low level cardiovascular fitness is also associated with risk of T2DM. An association between Pulse Index (PI) and MS requires further description. This study sought to determine the association between PI and components of MS. Methods: Seventy-seven participants/subjects aged 48.6±6.52 years with T2DM were enrolled into the study at Aminu-Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. PI and components of MS including Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HBAlc), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-CHOL), Triglycerides (TRIG.), Blood Pressure (BP) and obesity were assessed before and after twelve-week therapeutic exercises. Results: Inverse correlations were obtained for PI and each ofFBG (r=-0.45), HBAlc (r=-0.52), TRIG (r=-0.26), BP(r=-0.43/-0.32), Waist Circumference (r=-0.53), BMI (r=-0.79), blood pressure (r=-0.43/-0.32) except HDL-CHOL (r= 0.67), (P< 0.05 for all the subjects/participants). Conclusions: Low-levels of PI were associated with poor glycaemia, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Therapeutic exercises aimed at improving cardiovascular fitness may have significant improvement on MS. which in turn aids the prevention of both T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular fitness, aerobic exercises, Pulse Index'
Job Evaluation of Clinical Physiotherapists in the South West of Nigeria
Authors: Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim , Adedoyin Rufus A , Sangodeyi Bukola Janet
Published: October 2021

Background ofthe study: Resourcefulness is the quality of being able to cope with a difficult situation and have imaginative abilities while service development processes allow the building and testing of services and related component. The involvement of physiotherapists in supervision, administration, teaching and research in health sciences is yet to be ascertained.

Aims: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate level of involvement of clinical physiotherapists in administration, teaching, research and policy formulation, human resources and information technology.

Method: One hundred (100) copies of self-administered questionnaire adopted from National Health services job evaluation questionnaire were administered to physiotherapists in selected Federal and State Hospitals. The response rate was 71 %. The data was analysed using descriptive Statistic.

Results: The result showed that 97.2%,84.5%,76.6% and 58.5% of clinicians were resourceful in effective patient communication, analytical skill, patient care and freedom of action respectively. Also 10% carried out research regularly and 35.2% carried it out occasionally. About 47.9% and 80.3% were resourceful in human resources management and policy formulation respectively for physiotherapists in the chief cadre. The assistant Chief Physiotherapists were found to be more resourceful than the Chief Physiotherapists in the area of resource management. The study further showed that only 17.4% of the physiotherapists were involved in utilizing information technology.

Conclusion: This study concluded that clinicians are not highly resourceful especially in the areas of human resources, policy and research, and information technology but were involved in effective communication, judgment and analytical skills, patient care and have freedom of actions.

KEY WORDS: Resourcefulness, Administration, Physiotherapy, Policy
Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Response to Upper Extremities Isometric Exercises in Normotensive Subjects
Authors: Mbada Chidozie E , Akinwande O A , Babalola J F , Seyi-Adeyemo O R , Odejide A S
Published: October 2021

Background and objective: Studies on gender differences in cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise have been numerous and conflicting. The objective of this study was to determine if the cardiovascular responses to upper extremities isometric exercises differ between apparently healthy male end female subjects.

Methods: One hundred and sixty apparently healthy adults with the mean age of 39.0 ± 11.04 years were consecutively recruited into the study. This consisted of 80 males (39.0 ± 10.82 years) and 80 females (38.96 ± 11.25). Data were obtained on participants' age, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, and Rate Pressure Product. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. Independent t-test was used to compare physical characteristics between genders while repeated measure of ANOVA was used to compare the pre and post isometric exercises cardiovascular parameters between genders. Level of significance for all tests was set at p< 0.05.

Results: The baseline cardiovascular parameters were not significantly different (p> 0.05) between the male and the female participants. The post exercise cardiovascular parameters were significantly greater (p< 0.05) than the baseline values without gender bias. However, the post exercise SBP and RPP were significantly different (p< 0.05) between the male and the female participants respectively.

Conclusion: Isometric exercises of the upper limbs can lead to a significant increase in cardiovascular parameters among apparently healthy male and female subjects. Higher ventricular contraction is evoked among males leading increased SBP while the myocardial oxygen uptake and the measure of the oxygen consumption of the heart muscles of the female participants in response to upper extremities isometric exercises is higher than that of the males as demonstrated by the RPP.

Key words: Isometric exercises, cardiovascular response, upper extremities exercises.
An Assessment of Erognomic Work Stations and Pain among Computer Users in a Nigerian University Community
Authors: Johnson O E , Onigbinde Ayodele T , Onasanya S A , Emechete A E I , Gbela T O
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective: Computer usage is a trend in technology advancement that is common with virtually all jobs and it predisposes all users to avoidable musculoskeletal injuries. This study aimed at determining Computer Workstation (CW) ergonomics among computer users in ObafemiAwolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Also the distributions of musculoskeletal pain experienced by computers users were determined.

Methods: One hundred and fifty (150) participants were recruited using cluster sampling technique. Participants must have been users for 6 months, working l5hours per week .The participant's bio-data were recorded and CW were identified and measured for footrest, casters, keyboard height, seat height, monitor height, seat back angle and arm angle. They were asked if they were experiencing pain, its location and cause. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Results obtained showed that 23 (15.3%) ofthe CW had 5 casters, and just 3 (2%) had footrests while there were, 130 (86.7%) and 104 (69.3%) with ideal chair and keyboard heights respectively. Also, there were 130 (86.7%) and 136 (90%) with ideal monitor height and seat back angle respectively. Results showed that 105 (70%) of the participants experienced pain and mostly (52.4 % of the 70%) in the back with mean pain intensity 7 on a 10 point pain scale. Participants; (38) 25.3%, believed that CW arrangement was the cause of the pain.

Conclusion: This study concluded that majority of the CW did not meet the standard description of CW and majority ofthe computer had pain in the low back as at the time of study.

Keywords: Ergonomic workstation, Computer users, Musculoskeletal Pain, Nigerian University
Produção, acúmulo e decomposição de serapilheira em três sistemas agroflorestais no Oeste do Pará
Authors: Pimentel Cleise Rebelo , Pauletto Daniela , Rêbelo Ananda Gabrielle de Matos , Silva Adria Fernandes da , Peleja Vanessa Leão , Palomino Edwin Camacho
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a produção e acúmulo de serapilheira, avaliar a taxa de decomposição e correlacionar o material vegetal com as variáveis climáticas em três sistemas agroflorestais no Oeste do Pará. O período de coleta foi abril a dezembro de 2017 com medições mensais. Para estimar a produção de serapilheira em cada área foram instalados seis coletores de madeira com tela de náilon (0,25 m2) e para o acúmulo sobre o solo foi utilizado um gabarito vazado de madeira nas mesmas dimensões, sendo realizadas seis coletas em cada área. A maior produção total de serapilheira foi encontrada no SAF 1 (6,24 t∙ha-1), enquanto o maior estoque foi verificado no SAF 2 (30,9 t∙ha-1). A fração foliar contribuiu majoritariamente para a composição da serapilheira, exceto para o estoque do SAF 3 onde a maior contribuição foi de material lenhoso. O maior valor para a taxa de decomposição (K) foi encontrado no SAF 1, enquanto a menor velocidade de composição para perda parcial (50 e 95%) foi verificada no SAF 2. Velocidade do vento, umidade relativa do ar média e precipitação apresentaram correlação negativa com a serapilheira e temperatura média teve correlação positiva. Sistemas com maior diversidade de espécies apresentaram melhor taxa de decomposição e os melhores índices de produção de serapilheira.
Chuva de sementes em remanescente de Caatinga, Porto da Folha, Sergipe, Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Francineide Bezerra , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Gama Dráuzio Correia , De Freitas Bruno Antonio Lemos
Published: October 2021

Estudos sobre dispersão e chuva de sementes proporcionam informações valiosas sobre padrões de dispersão, entradas e saídas de diásporos assim como na abundância, distribuição espacial, densidade e riqueza de espécies. Objetivou-se identificar as estratégias de estabelecimento de espécies vegetais quanto às síndromes de dispersão e composição da chuva de sementes em remanescente de Caatinga no município de Porto da Folha-Sergipe. Para a avaliação quali-quantitativa da chuva de sementes foram instalados 25 coletores (confeccionados em madeira), a 50cm acima do solo. Contabilizou-se 4.248 sementes, pertencentes a 40 táxons, dos quais foram identificados 28 ao nível de espécie, quatro ao nível de gênero e 12 classificados como indeterminados. As espécies identificadas pertencem a 17 famílias botânicas e são compostas por quatro hábitos vegetacionais: árvores, arbustos, herbáceas e lianas. A síndrome de dispersão predominante na área, considerando-se o número de espécies identificadas, foi a autocoria (32,5%), seguida da anemocoria (20%) e a zoocoria (17,5%). Quanto à densidade de deposição de sementes, a síndrome de dispersão predominante foi anemocoria (34,7%), sendo superior à autocoria (31,5%) e à zoocoria (4,3%). A chuva de sementes atua efetivamente na autoregeneração da comunidade vegetal, em virtude da riqueza e abundância de sementes depositadas durante os meses de avaliação.
An Empirical Study on Movement of Stock Market of BRIC Economies- Are they Co-Integrated?
Authors: Sahoo Aditya Prasad
Published: October 2021

The major objective of this article is to assist the BRICS nations’ foreign investment decisionmaking process, as well as the creation or changes in policies by these nations’ characteristics. The context is crucial for foreign investors considering diversification advantages internationally, as well as policymakers responding to the aforesaid economies’ growth. This study examines the interconnections between the stock indexes of the BRIC economies. The goal of the research is to look at the long-term link between stock market indexes. From January 2010 to December 2020, the researcher utilized the index’s monthly closing price. To get the ADF at the first-order difference, all of the data is utilized in its raw form. The co-integration method is employed to determine the connection between stock indexes. The causal influence on stock market indices is studied using Granger causality. The sample considers countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The goal of the research is to look at the long-term link between stock market indexes. It is found that Sensex has the highest return among others, followed by SHCOMP, MOEX and BOVESPA. It is also found that the standard deviation of MOEX is high, followed by SENSEX, SHCOMP and BOVESPA. From the causality analysis, it is found Bi-directional relationship between India and China stock market. Whereas in the case of the other two markets, i.e., Brazil and Russia, the relationship with the Indian stock market are neither Uni-directional nor Bi-directional.
Effect of Ind AS on Earnings Management in Selected FMCG Companies in India
Authors: Nandini G , Tamilselvi T.A
Published: October 2021

The Corporate frauds have increased drastically which is witnessed in the last decade in India and around the world. Managers use their judgement in analysing the financials and modification of statements which is the origination for earnings management. This paper discusses about earnings management evaluation after adoption of Ind AS for the first time by leading fast moving consumer goods companies in India. Random sampling is used to select three companies and analyse for a period of 6 years (2014-2020)

The Jones Model (1991) is used for evaluation of earnings management and tested using the regression model to arrive at the findings. The Jones model of non-discretionary accruals is used for the purpose of evaluation of accounting manipulation. The Jones model has non-discretionary and discretionary accruals estimated in the model. The R square is 14.3% and F-test significance value is greater than 0.05 therefore null hypothesis is accepted concluding there is no change in earnings management after the new standards.
Effects of the Online Learning Environment Designed with Instruction Activities Model on Academic Achievements, Attitudes, and Retention of Learning
Authors: Donmuş Kaya Vildan , Akpinar Burhan
Published: October 2021

The effect of the online learning environment designed with Gagné’s Instructional Activities Model on students’ academic achievements, attitudes, and retention of their learning was investigated using a mixed-method design. Purposive sampling was used to select 61 undergraduate students as participants. The participants were divided into two groups: one experimental group with the online learning environment designed with Gagné’s Instructional Activities Model and one control group with an online learning environment where the researcher does not intervene. The groups attended the same course content sessions that are suitable for their learning model over six weeks. Data were collected from undergraduates using three instruments which were academic achievement tests, course attitude scales, semi-structured interview form, and from experts using one instrument, which was rating scale. For analysis, descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, ANCOVA tests, and content analyses were performed. According to the findings of the study, students’ academic achievements and course attitude levels significantly increased in the online learning environment designed with Gagné’s Instructional Activities Model compared with an online learning environment where the researcher does not intervene. The qualitative findings of the study, Gagné’s online learning environment, a gradual model that allows learners to learn retention and that allows the learners to transform their learning into life, is a model that students often find useful and will also prefer to apply it in their professional lives. In this respect, the qualitative findings generally support quantitative findings because the experimental research results show that students learning online learning environments with Gagné’s principles are more successful, learnings are more permanent, and students’ attitudes toward the course are more positive. The results of this study show that various models, such as Gagné’s Instruction Activities Model in the online learning environment, have the potential to provide an alternative perspective to the teacher training system.
Mentoring Roles of the School Principals in Turkey: A Literature Review
Authors: Dönmez Sinem Arslan , Gök Ramazan , Şahin Ahmet
Published: October 2021

It is important to explain the scope of the concept of mentoring, which has been becoming increasingly important in training and supporting the professional development of educational administrators. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the concept of mentoring, the functions of mentoring, and the studies carried out on the mentoring functions of school administrators in Turkey. For this purpose, the study was designed as a literature review, and the studies which were indexed in the TR index and Council of Higher Education Thesis Center between the years 2000 and 2020 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that there were 16 studies conducted on the mentoring roles of school administrators in Turkey, and they were carried out as graduate studies at Master’s level. It was also concluded that the studies generally focused on the mentoring functions of the education administrators in public schools, the level of mentoring functions of the school administrators, and the correlation between the mentoring functions of the school administrators and the job satisfaction of the teachers and vice-principals, academic optimism, organizational adaptation, and professional development. As a result of the study, it may be suggested that more studies are needed for a better understanding of mentoring among the school principals in Turkey.
Non-Equivalence at Idiomatic and Expressional Level and the Strategies to Deal With: English Translation into Persian in Animal Farm by George Orwell
Authors: Valizadeh Mohammadreza , Vazifehkhah Ahmad Ezzati
Published: October 2021

This paper makes an effort to investigate the obstacles in nonequivalence at the idiomatic and expressional level and then presents some certain factors to face such difficulties in Animal Farm novel (1945) by George Orwell and its translation by Amir Amirshahi (1969). The researchers in the current study try by analyzing six certain strategies as using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning and form, similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language, translation by paraphrase, translation by the omission of a play on idiomatic expression and translation by the omission of entire idiomatic expression (Baker, 2011). Moreover, the present research is a descriptive, non-judgmental, comparative and corpus-based analysis of EnglishPersian parallel study. The findings demonstrate the fact that the practical ways in the translation of idiomatic expressions presented by Baker (2011) are applicable, and the most useable strategy is using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning but dissimilar form at 35.96%.
Critical Reading Self Efficacy and Information Pollution on the Internet: Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: Alan Yakup , Amaç Zeynel
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine the critical reading self-efficacy (CRSE) perceptions of prospective teachers and their awareness of information pollution on the internet. A relational survey model was utilized in the research. The study sample, whose universe was prospective teachers studying at Kilis 7 Aralık University, consisted of 296 teacher candidates and was determined using the simple random sampling method. The data were collected through the “Critical Reading Self-Efficacy Perception Scale” and the “Information Pollution on the Internet Scale.” The data analysis was done by calculating the arithmetic mean and standard deviation values, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that prospective teachers’ self-efficacy perceptions for critical reading are high. The variables of gender and the number of books read in the previous year were not determinative in the perception of critical reading self-efficacy. It was also found that the variables of the department, year of study, and participation in online activities affect perceptions of prospective teachers’ self-efficacy. In addition, their awareness of information pollution on the internet is above the medium level. It was determined that the variables of gender, department, year of study, number of books read in the previous year, and online activities did not have a decisive effect on awareness of information pollution on the internet. The correlation analysis showed that the sum of the scales was not related to each other, but there was a positive relationship in the sub-dimensions. Suggestions for future research and practitioners were provided.
Ethics of Teaching Profession from the Perspective of Students According to the Gender Variable
Authors: Kuru Çetin Saadet , Nayır Funda , Kıral Bilgen
Published: October 2021

This study aims to reveal the professional, ethical and unethical behaviors that undergraduate students encounter during their education life from a gender perspective. Phenomenology design, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The research was conducted with 64 students studying at the education faculty of a state university during the 2019-2020 academic year. The most expressed unethical behaviors by female and male students are discrimination, roughness and misconduct. While female students stated that the ethical behaviors they faced were, in turn, professional commitment/development, moral aid and equality/ impartiality; Male students, on the other hand, expressed financial aid, moral aid and research on the cause of the problem. The most important result of the study is that male students stated that they did not encounter ethical behavior in teachers. According to the answers given by the female students to the research questions in the study, the unethical behaviors of the teachers were revealed as discrimination, roughness and misconduct, respectively. In contrast, male students stated roughness, discrimination and misconduct.
Teachers’ Perceptions About School Characteristics Supporting Professional Development: A Scale Development Study
Authors: Eroğlu Mehmet , Özbek Ramazan
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study is to develop a scale that measures teachers’ perceptions about school characteristics that support professional development (PD). The 40-item pool was created for the scale to be developed by examining similar measurement tools and literature. According to expert opinions, a 32-item trial form was created to conduct. The data were collected from 322 branch teachers. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out using the collected data. A three-factor structure with 19 items, explaining 61.43% of the variance, was obtained in the EFA. The fit index values (χ2 /Df = 1.47, CFI = .96, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .056, RMR = .038, SRMR = .063) calculated in CFA to support the findings of the structure showed good fit. Cronbach Alpha coefficients were calculated as .91 for administrative support, .89 for collaborative structure, .74 for structural support, and .92 for the total scale. The results indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can measure teachers’ perceptions of supportive school characteristics that are effective in their participation in professional development.
A Case Study on Information and Communication Technology in Empowering the Visually Challenged Women in Inclusive Eduction
Authors: Naneetha R , Srihari M
Published: October 2021

Brigham Young posits that ‘If you educate a man, you educate an individual, but you educate a woman, you educate a nation. Even now, educating a woman is challenging in cultural practices dominated by values and beliefs in the social system. Women in developing countries face significant barriers in accessing education, whereas gender inequality in communities, society, and the workplace hinders economic and social development. Education as a means of empowerment of women can bring changes socially, economically, and politically. An American author, Helen Keller, says that ‘Education cannot be created with ease, only through the experience of trial and sufferings it can be strengthened, inspired and achieved. Women with visual impairment are still receiving less schooling, denied social acceptance, and lack of access to information also became an impediment added to their woes. Perhaps, ICT has changed visually impaired women’s lives by giving them access to mainstream and trying to be independent financially and socially.

Furthermore, ICT has allowed visually impaired women in accessing braille materials, operating assistive devices and applications that build confidence, recognition, self-expression, and acquire knowledge. This study explores how inclusive education creates an opportunity for visually impaired women in overcoming societal stigma by achieving personal, social, emotional, and academic goals. ICT in education plays an essential role in developing women and facilitates empowerment, calibrated to a new order of society’s structure and functions.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on EFL Classes through the Lenses of Secondary Learners
Authors: Tümen-Akyıldız Seçil , Çelik Vildan , Ahmed Kwestan Hussein
Published: October 2021

With Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), a major change to the remote education arrangements has arisen. As it is clear, the pandemic has got side effects, especially in the scope of education and English as foreign language (EFL) teaching. Students at all levels were encouraged to continue learning despite the difficulties they had throughout the crisis. This study aims to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the field of EFL, particularly by revealing the viewpoints of secondary school students on pandemic remote education and its impact on their English language learning process. Thus, it was designed as qualitative research; interviews were held to probe indepth into their perceptions on EFL teaching throughout pandemic remote education. Interviews were conducted with thirty secondary school students chosen voluntarily. The participants were chosen from different schools. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed through qualitative content analysis by NVivo 8 software program. The results revealed that participants declared that most of the teachers used course books and gave pencil-paper assignments. It was also highlighted that teachers emphasised reading and listening skills in their lessons rather than writing and speaking. Another significant finding of the study is that the participants preferred face-to-face foreign language teaching to remote teaching. Nevertheless, they admitted that online language teaching has several advantages comparing to traditional face-to-face education besides its challenges such as technical, economic, contextual, and individual problems. Lastly, several noteworthy suggestions were made regarding teachers, policymakers, families, and students themselves.
Revival and Resurgence of Our Lost GEM - The Ancient Indian Education System
Authors: Jain Sonali Bhandari , Choudhary Surabhi , Philip Joanna
Published: October 2021

After witnessing the unruly and disruptive behaviour amongst college students on trivial topics, a study was conducted to find the reason behind it. The study consisted of students discussing topics like politics, situational problems etc. and it was observed that students lacked the concept of perception. Studying this even further, it was found that the cause for this was because our modern-day education focused more on literally manufacturing people for jobs and less on value systems and critical thinking. The present education system is finding it very difficult in ensuring the required quality that every student must possess. This also gives rise to students being confused about their career paths and life in general. They don’t realise their true potential and abilities and thus start developing a “follow the crowd” mentality.

To improve this situation, a radical change has to be brought into the education system and this change can only be supported by retrospection of India’s ancient education system. The focus must now divert towards developing skills rather than just concentrating on academics. These ancient practices cannot be applied as it is in this modern era. Hence, their application calls for reinvention and resurgence to benefit today’s students.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of Corporate Reputation
Authors: Akdemir Öznur Ataş , Ayık Ahmet
Published: October 2021

This study examines various variables that affect pre-service teachers’ perceptions of corporate reputation and corporate reputation. In the research, a descriptive survey model was applied. 680 students studying in various departments and classes of Atatürk University Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education in the 2011-2012 academic year participated in the study. The research data were collected using the Corporate Reputation Scale developed by Fombrun, Gardberg and Sever (2000) and adapted to Turkish by Altıntaş (2005). In the analysis of the data, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was observed that the perceptions of the corporate reputation of the pre-service teachers did not differ according to the variables of gender, academic success, age, economic status, department selection decision, and significantly differentiated according to the variables of relationship with teaching staff. Based on the research results, suggestions were made to practitioners and researchers.