bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast and accurate influenza forecasting in the United States with Inferno
Authors: Osthus Dave
Published: January 2022

Infectious disease forecasting is an emerging field and has the potential to improve public health through anticipatory resource allocation, situational awareness, and mitigation planning. By way of exploring and operationalizing disease forecasting, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has hosted FluSight since the 2013/14 flu season, an annual flu forecasting challenge. Since FluSight’s onset, forecasters have developed and improved forecasting models in an effort to provide more timely, reliable, and accurate information about the likely progression of the outbreak. While improving the predictive performance of these forecasting models is often the primary objective, it is also important for a forecasting model to run quickly, facilitating further model development and improvement while providing flexibility when deployed in a real-time setting. In this vein I introduce Inferno, a fast and accurate flu forecasting model inspired by Dante, the top performing model in the 2018/19 FluSight challenge. When pseudoprospectively compared to all models that participated in FluSight 2018/19, Inferno would have placed 2nd in the national and regional challenge as well as the state challenge, behind only Dante. Inferno, however, runs in minutes and is trivially parallelizable, while Dante takes hours to run, representing a significant operational improvement with minimal impact to performance. Forecasting challenges like FluSight should continue to monitor and evaluate how they can be modified and expanded to incentivize the development of forecasting models that benefit public health.
Nurturing diversity and inclusion in AI in Biomedicine through a virtual summer program for high school students
Authors: Oskotsky Tomiko , Bajaj Ruchika , Burchard Jillian , Cavazos Taylor , Chen Ina , Connell William T. , Eaneff Stephanie , Grant Tianna , Kanungo Ishan , Lindquist Karla , Myers-Turnbull Douglas , Naing Zun Zar Chi , Tang Alice , Vora Bianca , Wang Jon , Karim Isha , Swadling Claire , Yang Janice ,   AI4ALL Student Cohort 2020, Lindstaedt Bill , Sirota Marina
Published: January 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the power to improve our lives through a wide variety of applications, many of which fall into the healthcare space; however, a lack of diversity is contributing to limitations in how broadly AI can help people. The UCSF AI4ALL program was established in 2019 to address this issue by targeting high school students from underrepresented backgrounds in AI, giving them a chance to learn about AI with a focus on biomedicine, and promoting diversity and inclusion. In 2020, the UCSF AI4ALL three-week program was held entirely online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, students participated virtually to gain experience with AI, interact with diverse role models in AI, and learn about advancing health through AI. Specifically, they attended lectures in coding and AI, received an in-depth research experience through hands-on projects exploring COVID-19, and engaged in mentoring and personal development sessions with faculty, researchers, industry professionals, and undergraduate and graduate students, many of whom were women and from underrepresented racial and ethnic backgrounds. At the conclusion of the program, the students presented the results of their research projects at the final symposium. Comparison of pre- and post-program survey responses from students demonstrated that after the program, significantly more students were familiar with how to work with data and to evaluate and apply machine learning algorithms. There were also nominally significant increases in the students’ knowing people in AI from historically underrepresented groups, feeling confident in discussing AI, and being aware of careers in AI. We found that we were able to engage young students in AI via our online training program and nurture greater diversity in AI. This work can guide AI training programs aspiring to engage and educate students entirely online, and motivate people in AI to strive towards increasing diversity and inclusion in this field.
The Ets protein Pointed P1 represses Asense expression in type II neuroblasts by activating Tailless
Authors: Chen Rui , Deng Xiaobing , Zhu Sijun
Published: January 2022

Intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) boost the number and diversity of neurons generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) by undergoing transient proliferation. In the developing Drosophila brains, INPs are generated from type II neuroblasts (NBs). In order to maintain type II NB identity and their capability to produce INPs, the proneural protein Asense (Ase) needs to be silenced by the Ets transcription factor pointed P1 (PntP1), a master regulator of type II NB development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PntP1-mediated suppression of Ase is still unclear. In this study, we utilized genetic and molecular approaches to determine the transcriptional property of PntP1 and identify the direct downstream effector of PntP1 and the cis-DNA elements that mediate the suppression of ase. Our results demonstrate that PntP1 directly activates the expression of the transcriptional repressor, Tailless (Tll), by binding to seven Ets-binding sites, and Tll in turn suppresses the expression of Ase in type II NBs by binding to two hexameric core half-site motifs. We further show that Tll provides positive feedback to maintain the expression of PntP1 and the identity of type II NBs. Thus, our study identifies a novel direct target of PntP1 and reveals mechanistic details of the specification and maintenance of the type II NB identity by PntP1.
Towards an affect intensity regulation hypothesis: Systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationship between affective states and alcohol consumption
Authors: Tovmasyan Anna , Monk Rebecca L. , Heim Derek
Published: January 2022

While self-medication and positive and negative reinforcement models of alcohol use suggest that there is an association between daily affect and alcohol consumption, findings within the academic literature have been inconsistent. This pre-registered systematic review meta-analytically interrogated the results from studies amongst non-clinical populations that examine the relationship between daily affective states and alcohol consumption volume. PRISMA guided searches of PsychINFO, PsycARTICLES, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and JSTOR databases were conducted. When both laboratory and field studies were included, meta-analyses with robust variance estimation yielded 53 eligible studies on negative affect (8355 participants, 127 effect sizes) and 35 studies for positive affect (6384 participants, 50 effect sizes). The significant pooled associations between intra-day affect and alcohol consumption werer= .09, [.03, .14] for negative affect, andr= .17, [.04, .30] for positive affect. A small-to-medium sized effect (d= .275, [.11, .44]) of negative affect on daily alcohol consumption volume was found in laboratory studies (14 studies, 1100 participants). While publication bias was suspected,P-curve analyses suggested that the results were unlikely to be the product of publication bias and p-hacking alone, and selection model analysis revealed no significant differences in results when publication bias was accounted for. For negative affect, using number of drinks as the measure of alcohol consumption was associated with lower effect sizes. For positive affect, the results demonstrated a decline of this observed effect over time. Overall, findings point towards the possibility of developing an affect intensity regulation theory of alcohol use. Conceptualizing the mood-alcohol nexus in terms of affect intensity regulation may afford a more parsimonious explanation of alcohol consumption rather than viewing the behavior as being shaped by either positive or negative affective states.
A robust biostatistical method leverages informative but uncertainly determined qPCR data for biomarker detection, early diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Camacho Luísa , Silva Camila S. , Thomson Michael , Snyder Kevin
Published: January 2022

As a common medium-throughput technique, qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) is widely used to measure levels of nucleic acids. In addition to accurate and complete data, experimenters have unavoidably observed some incomplete and uncertainly determined qPCR data because of intrinsically low overall amounts of biological materials, such as nucleic acids present in biofluids. When there are samples with uncertainly determined qPCR data, some investigators apply the statistical complete-case method by excluding the subset of samples with uncertainly determined data from analysis (CO), while others simply choose not to analyze (CNA) these datasets altogether. To include as many observations as possible in analysis for interesting differential changes between groups, some investigators set incomplete observations equal to the maximum quality qPCR cycle (MC), such as 32 and 40. Although straightforward, these methods may decrease the sample size, skew the data distribution, and compromise statistical power and research reproducibility across replicate qPCR studies. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing, commonly-used qPCR data analysis methods and to join the efforts in advancing statistical analysis in rigorous preclinical research, we propose a robust nonparametric statistical cycle-to-threshold method (CTOT) to analyze incomplete qPCR data for two-group comparisons. CTOT incorporates important characteristics of qPCR data and time-to-event statistical methodology, resulting in a novel analytical method for qPCR data that is built around good quality data from all subjects, certainly determined or not. Considering the benchmark full data (BFD), we compared the abilities of CTOT, CO, MC, and CNA statistical methods to detect interesting differential changes between groups with informative but uncertainly determined qPCR data. Our simulations and applications show that CTOT improves the power of detecting and confirming differential changes in many situations over the three commonly used methods without excess type I errors. The robust nonparametric statistical method of CTOT helps leverage qPCR technology and increase the power to detect differential changes that may assist decision making with respect to biomarker detection and early diagnosis, with the goal of improving the management of patient healthcare.
Image-based phenotyping of cassava roots for diversity studies and carotenoids prediction
Authors: de Carvalho Ravena Rocha Bessa , Marmolejo Cortes Diego Fernando , Bandeira e Sousa Massaine , de Oliveira Luciana Alves , de Oliveira Eder Jorge
Published: January 2022

Phenotyping to quantify the total carotenoids content (TCC) is sensitive, time-consuming, tedious, and costly. The development of high-throughput phenotyping tools is essential for screening hundreds of cassava genotypes in a short period of time in the biofortification program. This study aimed to (i) use digital images to extract information on the pulp color of cassava roots and estimate correlations with TCC, and (ii) select predictive models for TCC using colorimetric indices. Red, green and blue images were captured in root samples from 228 biofortified genotypes and the difference in color was analyzed usingL*,a*,b*, hue and chroma indices from the International Commission on Illumination (CIELAB) color system and lightness. Colorimetric data were used for principal component analysis (PCA), correlation and for developing prediction models for TCC based on regression and machine learning. A high positive correlation between TCC and the variablesb*(r = 0.90) and chroma (r = 0.89) was identified, while the other correlations were median and negative, and theL* parameter did not present a significant correlation with TCC. In general, the accuracy of most prediction models (with all variables and only the most important ones) was high (R2ranging from 0.81 to 0.94). However, the artificial neural network prediction model presented the best predictive ability (R2= 0.94), associated with the smallest error in the TCC estimates (root-mean-square error of 0.24). The structure of the studied population revealed five groups and high genetic variability based on PCA regarding colorimetric indices and TCC. Our results demonstrated that the use of data obtained from digital image analysis is an economical, fast, and effective alternative for the development of TCC phenotyping tools in cassava roots with high predictive ability.
Model-based inference of neutralizing antibody avidities against influenza virus
Authors: Linnik Janina , Syedbasha Mohammedyaseen , Hollenstein Yvonne , Halter Jörg , Egli Adrian , Stelling Jörg
Published: January 2022

To assess the response to vaccination, quantity (concentration) and quality (avidity) of neutralizing antibodies are the most important parameters. Specifically, an increase in avidity indicates germinal center formation, which is required for establishing long-term protection. For influenza, the classical hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, however, quantifies a combination of both, and to separately determine avidity requires high experimental effort. We developed from first principles a biophysical model of hemagglutination inhibition to infer IgG antibody avidities from measured HI titers and IgG concentrations. The model accurately describes the relationship between neutralizing antibody concentration/avidity and HI titer, and explains quantitative aspects of the HI assay, such as robustness to pipetting errors and detection limit. We applied our model to infer avidities against the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in vaccinated patients (n = 45) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and validated our results with independent avidity measurements using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urea elution. Avidities inferred by the model correlated with experimentally determined avidities (ρ = 0.54, 95% CI = [0.31, 0.70], P < 10−4). The model predicted that increases in IgG concentration mainly contribute to the observed HI titer increases in HSCT patients and that immunosuppressive treatment is associated with lower baseline avidities. Since our approach requires only easy-to-establish measurements as input, we anticipate that it will help to disentangle causes for poor vaccination outcomes also in larger patient populations. This study demonstrates that biophysical modelling can provide quantitative insights into agglutination assays and complement experimental measurements to refine antibody response analyses.
Aberrant stromal tissue factor localisation and mycolactone-driven vascular dysfunction, exacerbated by IL-1β, are linked to fibrin formation in Buruli ulcer lesions
Authors: Hsieh Louise Tzung-Harn , Dos Santos Scott J. , Hall Belinda S. , Ogbechi Joy , Loglo Aloysius D. , Salguero Francisco Javier , Ruf Marie-Thérèse , Pluschke Gerd , Simmonds Rachel E.
Published: January 2022

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by subcutaneous infection withMycobacterium ulceransand its exotoxin mycolactone. BU displays coagulative necrosis and widespread fibrin deposition in affected skin tissues. Despite this, the role of the vasculature in BU pathogenesis remains almost completely unexplored. We hypothesise that fibrin-driven ischemia can be an ‘indirect’ route to mycolactone-dependent tissue necrosis by a mechanism involving vascular dysfunction. Here, we tracked >900 vessels within contiguous tissue sections from eight BU patient biopsies. Our aim was to evaluate their vascular and coagulation biomarker phenotype and explore potential links to fibrin deposition. We also integrated this with our understanding of mycolactone’s mechanism of action at Sec61 and its impact on proteins involved in maintaining normal vascular function. Our findings showed that endothelial cell dysfunction is common in skin tissue adjacent to necrotic regions. There was little evidence of primary haemostasis, perhaps due to mycolactone-dependent depletion of endothelial von Willebrand factor. Instead, fibrin staining appeared to be linked to the extrinsic pathway activator, tissue factor (TF). There was significantly greater than expected fibrin staining around vessels that had TF staining within the stroma, and this correlated with the distance it extended from the vessel basement membrane. TF-induced fibrin deposition in these locations would require plasma proteins outside of vessels, therefore we investigated whether mycolactone could increase vascular permeabilityin vitro. This was indeed the case, and leakage was further exacerbated by IL-1β. Mycolactone caused the loss of endothelial adherens and tight junctions by the depletion of VE-cadherin, TIE-1, TIE-2 and JAM-C; all Sec61-dependent proteins. Taken together, our findings suggest that both vascular and lymphatic vessels in BU lesions become “leaky” during infection, due to the unique action of mycolactone, allowing TF-containing structures and plasma proteins into skin tissue, ultimately leading to local coagulopathy and tissue ischemia.
The Search for the Mosque of Florence: A Space of Negotiated Identities
Authors: Kataw Hanan
Published: January 2022

This article presents a spatial and cultural analysis of the negotiated identities of the city of Florence and its Muslim population in relation to the conflict surrounding the opening of a new mosque in the city. Different attempts have been made to find a new mosque to replace Masjid Al-Taqwa, an old workshop that functions today as the main mosque in Florence. On several occasions, members of the Muslim community and officials in the government have declared that Masjid Al-Taqwa is in its current state unsuitable for representing and hosting the growing Muslim community of Florence. However, the various proposals for a new mosque have all been accompanied by a conflict over the identity of the city and the place of the mosque within it, and, almost fifteen years since the search for the new mosque was initiated, none of these proposals has been realized. Through the analysis of several of these failed proposals and the political discourse surrounding them in Florence within the context of Italy and, more broadly, Europe, this article argues that the conflicting imagined identities of the city and the political instrumentalization of the concepts of openness and multiculturalism play a central role in exacerbating the conflict over the mosques in Florence.
Imagine dying from an overseas disease, when you do not even own a passport: A critical analysis of Twitter conversations in the wake of COVID-19 in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Mwaura Job , Akpojivi Ufuoma
Published: January 2022

South Africa has had a long history of institutionalized racial segregation and although it came to an end in the early 1990s, the level of power, racial and inequalities are still evident to date, making South Africa one of the most unequal societies in the world. Kenya, on the other hand, has had its share of inequalities, particularly inclined towards political and ethnic dimensions. The emergence of COVID-19 has further uncovered social and political fractures within the two societies with racialized and discriminatory responses to fear disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. Using qualitative research design, and case study approach, a corpus of tweets from social media archive (Twitter) when the first COVID-19 cases were recorded in both countries were analysed to ascertain the conversations occurring and if it re-enforces existing postcolonial issues. The study argued that Twitter conversations that occurred in both countries show that postcolonial issues of power and race are rife and appeared in many public conversations on social media.
Active news audience in COVID-19 pandemic season: Online news sharing motives and secondary gatekeeping decisions by social media users in Nigeria
Authors: Ojebuyi Babatunde Raphael , Mobolaji Adeola Obafemi , Kolawole Ridwan Abiola
Published: January 2022

Despite its prevalence among Nigerian online readers, the motives for, and implications of, online secondary gatekeeping – a practice where online media audiences select further fragments from published news, aggregate them and share with fellow social media users – have remained unexplored particularly as regards possible sharing of news about the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study examined the motives for online news sharing, the newsworthiness criteria applied by Nigerian social media users while selecting and sharing COVID-19-related news and implications of this practice for users’ general knowledge about the virus. Online survey with 349 social media users and five Focus Group Discussion sessions with purposively selected social media users provided data for the study. Findings show that 94.8 per cent of the respondents shared news items about confirmed cases (48.7 per cent) and recoveries (46.1 per cent), while only 5.2 per cent of the respondents shared information about COVID-19 fatalities. Apart from fact-checking stories to confirm their veracity, users applied various newsworthiness criteria such as intensity (25.2 per cent), proximity (14.0 per cent), consequence (12.3 per cent), bizarre (11.2 per cent) and personality (10.9 per cent). Findings further show that the respondents applied 44.076 times the messages they were exposed to through social media to protect themselves against COVID-19. Nigerian social media users are active online secondary gatekeepers, and exposure to COVID-19 stories through social media during the pandemic enhanced their general knowledge about the virus.
Nigerian government and management of news and information on the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Ernest-Samuel Gloria Chimeziem , Uduma Ngozi Eje
Published: January 2022

This research is conducted to ascertain informed public’s views on Nigerian government’s management of news and information during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. Purposively selected participants were engaged in a WhatsApp conference to investigate how they perceive government’s management of news and information on the pandemic; expose government’s efforts in disseminating news and information, and its influence on the overall management and control of the disease in Nigeria. Using framing theory in its analysis, the article argues that government’s nepotistic, secretive management of news and information on COVID adversely affected public trust, which is read as a form of censorship through silence designed to obstruct transparency, accountability and citizenship participation on national issues, contrary to the principles of Open Government Partnership (OGP) which Nigeria, is member to. The article reiterates on the need for government to build the confidence of Nigerians and boost its overall image.
Ciencia ciudadana y biodiversidad en entornos urbanos: lecciones aprendidas en la Ciudad de Puebla y su zona conurbada en el centro de México
Authors: Ramírez Bravo Osvaldo Eric , Camargo Rivera Eugenia Evangelina , Jiménez González Alán
Published: January 2022

La ciencia ciudadana aplicada en la conservación involucra ligar a científicos con voluntarios sin entrenamiento científico en proyectos de investigación relacionados con el conocimiento y la protección de la biodiversidad. De esta manera, se incrementa el conocimiento científico sobre los seres vivos de los participantes y, al mismo tiempo, ellos aprenden sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo, nos gustaría compartir nuestra experiencia organizando el Reto Naturalista Urbano en la ciudad de Puebla (México) y sus municipios conurbados. En el evento, participaron 66 personas, las cuales recabaron 2724 registros de 680 especies en la ciudad y áreas suburbanas. De estas, 144 son especies introducidas y 15 están bajo algún nivel de riesgo por parte de la IUCN o a nivel nacional. En nuestra experiencia, al organizar campañas de ciencia ciudadana, es necesario considerar toda una serie de aspectos para que la actividad sea efectiva, los cuales son comentados en detalle.
Color y luz en Ciudad Abierta. La apropiación espacial de la extensión territorial
Authors: Danés Grases Daniel , Pizarro Juanas María José , Ibañez Montoya Joaquín , Marcano Requena Frank
Published: January 2022

El estado de arte del color en la Escuela de Arquitectura y Diseño de Valparaíso no ha sido reconocido. Desde su fundación se analiza el fenómeno cromático en sus proyectos como un hecho experimentable de la acción de la luz sobre la arquitectura. Su aprendizaje se realiza a través de técnicas innovadoras que se resumen en una matriz analítica de doble entrada relacionando modelos de enseñanza con finalidades cromáticas. La cuestión del color y la luz en Ciudad Abierta tiene la cobertura que merece como laboratorio de ensayo que es. El sentido de ser americano en la Escuela de Valparaíso está asimilado a la noción de punto estaca como un modo original de habitar un continente, donde lo cromático alcanza su espacio construido. La conciencia de americanidad se concentra en un horizonte vertical, expresado por la interacción de la luz y el espacio en atmósferas coloreadas que visibilizan la diversidad y complejidad de un territorio. A partir de límites lumínicos -cuyos colores están en una luz plena de atributos- se construye una lugaridad que identifica lo particular de cada lugar. El objetivo de esta inmersión sensorial es desvelar los componentes básicos de los efectos del color sobre un espacio visibilizado como luz con naturaleza continental. La arquitectura se reinventa en espacios lumínicos ecológicamente coloreados como una lectura sintética y cultural de un sitio. La pedagógica innovadora de la Escuela de Valparaíso experimenta con el uso de la luz y el color como eje estructural de la materialización de la extensión del territorio mediante una enseñanza lúdica de la arquitectura. Su metodología toma carácter universal y categoría estética en una constante interrogación poética sobre la condición continental americana. Los colores lumínicos que construyen horizontes en el marco arquitectónico, y la presencia corporal que se vincula a través del juego y la palabra con la creación del lugar, son parte de la respuesta que contribuye a renovar un espíritu innovador predispuesto para el proyecto arquitectónico.
Sputnik II como espectáculo: Arquitectura y cuerpo en el espacio
Authors: Jiménez Moreno David
Published: January 2022

La primera forma de vida compleja en orbitar la Tierra lo hizo en un artefacto programado para asesinarla. A pesar del avance revolucionario que trajo el Sputnik II, detrás de sus apariencias futuristas persiste la misma ideología que busca entender el universo y relacionarse con él en términos de dominio y destrucción. La cápsula espacial no puede entenderse sin el usuario que alojaba, Laika, una perrita mestiza de tamaño mediano que sobrevivió en las calles de Moscú antes de ser recogida y sometida a un entrenamiento extremo. La rapidez de adaptación en los entrenamientos y su capacidad para la socialización con los humanos convertía a los canes en candidatos ideales con los que experimentar, pero los rusos contaban además con otro factor añadido, la herencia de los estudios realizados décadas antes por Ivan Pavlov desvelando detalladamente su fisiología y psicología. El marco en el que se ideó el Sputnik II fue uno de los momentos álgidos de la Guerra Fría, cuando las dos potencias vieron el espacio exterior como el próximo escenario en el que lucirse y derrotar a su adversario. La rivalidad entre superpotencias provocó que la creación y lanzamiento del Sputnik II fuera apresurado y sin motivaciones científicas que lo sustenten, fue concebido para el espectáculo.
Reseña de Un mar de ciència i coneixement. els seguiments científics del medi marí a Menorca
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier
Published: January 2022

El espacio marino y litoral de Menorca ha sido el ámbito menos estudiado y analizado, muy a pesar de ser el más promocionado y reclamado. En este libro, Un mar de ciència i coneixement. Els seguiments científics del medi marí a Menorca, se encuentra una extensa y rica recopilación de la información existente sobre los seguimientos del medio marino y litoral. Información que permite conocer mejor el mar que nos rodea y su perímetro terrestre, así como la situación de las diferentes especies y hábitats marinos, y su relación con el hombre para hacer una gestión desde el conocimiento.
La percepción del clima social en instituciones penitenciarias y su relación con el apoyo social: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Agúndez del Castillo Rosa , Maiztegui Oñate Concepción , Navarro-Lashayas Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza la percepción del clima y el apoyo sociales de una muestra de personas presas (n:150, 43% mujeres). Desde una perspectiva interaccionista, la escala de Clima Social en Instituciones Penitenciarias-CIES (Moos, Moos y Tricket, 1995) y el cuestionario ASORPE (Hombrados, García y Moscato, 2005) han permitido medir ambas variables y las diferencias en cuanto al género, visitas y reincidencia. Los resultados revelan que todas las personas consultadas perciben un deficitario clima social. Esta percepción se repite en todas las subescalas y resulta especialmente llamativa en aquellas relacionadas con la ayuda, la expresión y la autonomía. Destaca el papel de los vínculos entre personas presas y personal penitenciario, ya que el apoyo social recibido y percibido de este grupo correlaciona con todas las subescalas de Clima Social, excepto con la de control. Sin embargo, el personal penitenciario recibe una valoración más baja de las personas internas, en comparación a los demás grupos analizados. Por otro lado, cobra relevancia el estudio de la reincidencia ligada a un deterioro de las visitas y del apoyo social durante los ingresos repetidos en prisión. En definitiva, este estudio revela que el factor relacional debe ser atendido, desde la investigación y el trabajo con personas presas, como un componente clave en la optimización de las intervenciones que persigan la mejora del clima social de las prisiones.
Los beneficios académicos del deporte organizado en el tránsito a la enseñanza postobligatoria
Authors: Palou Fons Arnau
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo investiga, a través de tablas de contingencia y de regresiones logísticas, el impacto del deporte organizado sobre la autopercepción del rendimiento académico de las personas jóvenes, así como la capacidad de esta actividad para disminuir las desigualdades educativas. Como principales hallazgos, se ha observado que la práctica del deporte organizado tiene un impacto positivo sobre la autopercepción de los resultados académicos, tanto en la educación obligatoria como en la postobligatoria, aumentando las oportunidades educativas del alumnado. Asimismo, se ha confirmado que existe una estructura social de la actividad deportiva de las personas jóvenes en ambas etapas de sus itinerarios formativos.
‘All ages and no age’: Memory, and Self-Narration in Irma Kurtz’s Then Again: Travels in Search of My Younger Self
Authors: Gray Billy
Published: January 2022

In her recently published text Out of Time: The Pleasures and the Perils of Ageing (2013) Lynne Segal argues that, in relation to the ageing process “what essentially matters is neither the sociology nor the biology of ageing but the narrative of the self, the stories we tell ourselves” (Segal 2013, 9). Psychoanalyst Christopher Bollas, suggests that in order to achieve a functioning personal narrative, each individual requires a perspectival mapping of his/her “internal topography” as the past does not simply lie dormant awaiting some form of resurrection but holds the potential for creative collaboration. One recent text which specifically engages with the pivotal role that memory plays in the ageing process and whether it is possible to, as Bollas suggests, “make the past available for the self’s future” (Bollas 1993, 3) is Irma Kurtz’s travelogue/memoir entitled Then Again: travels in search of my younger self my Younger Self (2003). Born in New Jersey in 1935 to Eastern European immigrants, Irma Kurtz has written four autobiographical texts, several novels as well as a number of publications related to her long-standing role as ‘agony aunt’ for Cosmopolitan magazine. My reading of Kurtz’s Then Again will focus not only on Bollas’s perspective on what he terms the “psychic signifiers” that are implicitly linked to the creative use of memory and how this concept can be applied to Kurtz’s text but also suggests that Stephen Frosh’s view on the importance of the achievement of a personal narrative which creatively engages with what he terms the “hauntings” of the past is also relevant to the central thematic concern of Then Again. Kurtz’s emphasis upon the threads of continuity that enable us to both differentiate and recapitulate past experiences as we experience the crisis of old age, will be specifically linked to the belief expounded by both Frosh and Bollas that ageing represents a multiplicity of continuities over time and how a successful negotiation of the ageing process depends upon an ability to make use of the self as an object of memory that simultaneously is, and is not, equivalent to its present manifestation(s). This article attempts to depict the central roles that memory and narration must play if such possibilities are to be achieved.
Linguistic Varieties in Homegoing: Translating the Other’s Voice into Spanish
Authors: Sanz Jiménez Miguel
Published: January 2022

The objective of this paper is to study the Spanish translation of Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing (2016), a novel that adopts the form of a neo-slave narrative to chronicle a black family’s history from eighteenth-century Ghana to the early twenty-first century in the United States. The contexts in which both the source and target text were published will be described, paying attention to paratexts, to the book’s reception, and to the translation’s positive reviews. Gyasi’s debut oeuvre depicts alterity and the non-standard linguistic varieties, such as Black English, spoken by the dispossessed Other. This paper examines the strategies that the translator, Maia Figueroa (2017), has made use of to render this interplay of voices into Spanish. In addition, it considers how her choice to standardize some fragments and to introduce marked non-standard language in certain passages affects the reflection of the narrative Us vs. Otherness in the target text.
Adaptációs stratégiák a felsőoktatásban
Authors: Káplár-Kodácsy Kinga , Rónay Zoltán , Dorner Helga
Published: January 2022

A tanulmány a COVID-19 világjárvány következtében megváltozott
felsőoktatási körülményekhez való alkalmazkodás egy Magyarországon kevéssé
ismert komplex eszközét mutatja be, amely túlmutat a hagyományos válság- és
változásmenedzsment-megoldásokon, a távolléti oktatás pedagógiai
megfontolásain és technológiai támogatásán egyaránt. Az eszköz egy
kivételesen szűk határidővel létrehozott, mégis a teljes oktatói kört
lefedő mentorrendszer, amely a tudás és készség figyelembevételével
kialakított szakmai komplementer mentori kapcsolatokra épül. A tanulmány
bemutatja a rendszer bevezetésének hátterét, a bevezetés folyamatát és
részleges eredményeit. Az eredményesség teljes feltárása és a jövőbeni
korrekciók, fejlesztési irányok meghatározása érdekében részben ismerteti a
megvalósult pilot kutatás és a jelenleg is folyamatban lévő átfogó kutatás
(előzetes) eredményeit is. A bevezetés legfőbb tanulsága, hogy a
hagyományostól eltérő, nem hierarchikus szervezeti struktúra, a készség- és
szakterület-alapú szervezési elv fokozta a korábban alá-fölérendeltségi
viszonyban álló (pl. témavezető-témavezetett) személyek közötti bizalmi
kapcsolatot és a kollegialitást, ami kitágította a tanulási folyamatot
serkentő reflektív teret (Higgins és Kram, 2007), és utat nyitott a
tudásmegosztási folyamatok szervezetbe ágyazott újjá-, illetve
átalakulásának. Mindez alkalmat ad arra is, hogy a felsőoktatás (illetve a
konkrét intézmény) önreflektíven viszonyuljon a távolléti oktatáshoz, és
ennek hatására szélesebb spektrumú intézményfejlesztési célokat is
kijelöljön, a mentorrendszert minőségtámogató funkcióként értelmezze a kari
minőségirányítási rendszer egyik pillérjeként.
Történelemtanárok episztemológiai nézeteinek interjús vizsgálata
Authors: Kósa Maja
Published: January 2022

A pilot kutatás célja általános tájékozódás és információszerzés a történelemre vonatkozó episztemológiai nézetekre vonatkozó kutatások megalapozása érdekében. Az utóbbi évtizedekben hazai és nemzetközi viszonylatban előtérbe került atörténelemtanítás módszertani megújítása, a kutatási eredmények pedig már a tartalmi-szabályozó dokumentumokban is éreztetik hatásukat. Annak érdekében, hogy ezek az újítások a tanórai gyakorlatban is megjelenjenek, kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszik a történelemtanár.Maggioni (2010) megállapította, hogy a történelemtanár episztemikus álláspontja hatással van céljaira, így pedig az általa követett pedagógiai gyakorlatra.Voet és De Wever (2016) kutatását iránymutatásként használva, a pilot vizsgálat során 9 gyakorló történelemtanárral félig strukturált interjúk készültek. Az eredmények alapján nemcsak a történelemtanárok episztemológiai nézeteivel kapcsolatban sikerült ismereteket szerezni, hanem olyan következtetések megfogalmazása is lehetővé vált, amely a téma nagymintás kutatásában kulcsfontosságúak. Ilyen tényezők a téma elvontsága és újszerűsége a hazai történelemtanítás viszonylatában, ami a terminológiai tudatosságra és következetességre irányította a figyelmet.
A gyakorlaton alapuló kutatási tényektől a kutatási tényeken alapuló
gyakorlatig
Authors: Jancsák Csaba , Kojanitz László , Kósa Maja , Kiss Gábor Ferenc , Mezei Mónika
Published: January 2022

2016 és 2020 között az MTA–SZTE Elbeszélt Történelem és
Történelemtanítás Kutatócsoport három téma (Magyarország részvétele a
második világháborúban, a magyarországi holokauszt és az 1956-os
forradalom) esetében fejlesztett ki szemtanúkkal készült
videóinterjú-részleteket alkalmazó tanórákat, továbbá vizsgálta (32 iskolai
osztályban tartott tanórák előtt és után, a kutatás öt éve alatt összesen
652 fő kérdőíves kutatásával, valamint 12 fókuszcsoportos vizsgálat során)
a beválást, illetve a diákokra kifejtett hatásokat (új ismeretszerzés,
tárgyi tudás bővülése, ismeretelmélyítés, ismeretek rendszerezése és az
érzelmi komponensek esetében egyaránt). A 2017–2018 közötti kísérleti órák
kapcsán folytatott eredményei alapján újraformálódott a tanórák tartalma,
majd az átdolgozott tanórák megvalósítása esetében (2019–2020) ismét
lefolytattuk a tanórák előtti és az órákat követő kérdőíves
adatfelvételeket, továbbá videódokumentációval is rögzítettük és ennek
talaján elemeztük a tanórák megvalósulását. Az elemzés homlokterében az
alkalmazott módszerek hatékonysága állt, illetve a tanárok és diákok
megszólalásai, beszéd-cselekvéseik, és a tanulók tanórákról alkotott
vélekedései. A tanórák egy vetülete a szemtanúkkal készült
videóinterjú-részletek alapján célozta a felelősség, a szolidaritás, a
szabadság, a demokrácia, az empátia, a tolerancia értékeinek megjelenítését
és az ezzel kapcsolatos attitűdökre érzékenyítést, a tanórák másik
dimenziója pedig a történelmi gondolkodás fejlesztésére irányult, itt a
személyes történelem mint narratív történetforma és forrás jelent meg.
Kutatási adataink alapján azt konstatálhattuk, hogy a tantárgypedagógiai
kutatási tényeken alapuló tananyagfejlesztés eredményeként olyan
tanóratervek és megvalósítások születhetnek, amelyek fejlesztik a tanulókat
abban, hogy képesek legyenek kritikusan közelíteni a múltról szóló
interpretációkhoz. Az interjúk feldolgozása segít a diákoknak
megkülönböztetni egymástól a történelmi emlékezet három szintjét: a
személyest, a közösségit és a történettudományit. A videóinterjúk a
történelemoktatásban hatékonyan alkalmazhatóak, ha ez összekapcsolódik a
történelmi gondolkodást fejlesztő tanítási stratégiák alkalmazásával.
DISCURSOS QUE INVENTAM CORPOS DISSIDENTES
Authors: Vieira Taís Lima , Ferrari Anderson , De Castro Roney Polato
Published: January 2022

O artigo, adotando a perspectiva ensaísta, propõe-se a dialogar com os estudos de gênero contemporâneos para pensar a produção de corpos dissidentes, a partir dos argumentos utilizados por um juiz e uma juíza ao analisarem solicitações de garantia de direitos a mulheres trans, negando a elas a autodefinição como mulheres. Como objetivo deste estudo, propusemo-nos a debater as perspectivas de atuação do discurso jurídico como educativo, contribuindo para reiterar uma perspectiva bioessencialista de gênero que desumaniza mulheres trans e torna precárias sua cidadania e suas existências. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da temática, tendo-se como materiais de estudo obras elaboradas por ilustres autores, a Constituição Brasileira de 1988, legislações e jurisprudências pátrias pertinentes ao tema. Concluímos discutindo a necessidade de que os discursos jurídicos, e as decisões judiciais neles amparadas, apropriem-se do debate contemporâneo que problematiza as normas essencialistas de gênero.
A POTÊNCIA DO CONCEITO DE SOFRIMENTO ÉTICO-POLÍTICO PARA PENSAR AS VIVÊNCIAS TRAVESTIS NA ESCOLA: TRILHAS INICIAIS
Authors: Dias Guilherme José Parisi
Published: January 2022

Partindo do pressuposto epistemológico de que subjetividade e objetividade constituem-se dialética e concomitantemente, este artigo teórico objetivou apropriar-se do conceito de sofrimento ético-político, criado pela teórica da psicologia social brasileira Bader Sawaia, para refletir sobre as vivências travestis no âmbito escolar. As travestis, consideradas seres dissidentes por excelência, são interpeladas no processo educativo por uma série de violências institucionais (embebidas, muitas vezes, por discursos de ódio), que se expressam na dimensão subjetiva como sofrimento e adoecimento. Assim, acreditamos ser potente qualificar de ético-político o sofrimento sentido pelas travestis nesta realidade, já que ele permite compreender tal fenômeno de modo amplo, indicando que o sofrimento é singular, mas também social, histórico e articulado às injustiças sociais. Concluindo, acreditamos que, embora muitas vezes necessitem se assujeitar às normas impostas e sofram com isso, várias travestis conseguem elaborar estratégias de resistência, seja através do fortalecimento coletivo, seja pela própria estética emancipada da travestilidade.
“TU NÃO TÁ VENDO QUE A SORA É SAPATONA?”:
Authors: Cieslak Renata , Seffner Fernando
Published: January 2022

O artigo aborda um conjunto de situações e questões próprias da cultura escolar, derivadas da presença de professoras e professores LGBTQIA+, bem como de alunos, alunas e alunes que igualmente são vistos como corpos dissidentes. Com dados colhidos em dois projetos de pesquisa, mostramos as interações e a produção da diferença nos temas em gênero e sexualidade. Tomamos a cultura escolar tanto como lugar de tentativas de reiteração da heteronormatividade, como território de possibilidades de transgressão e aliança que modificam a norma. Consideramos a importância das alianças e parcerias na escola no sentido de assegurar a abordagem dos temas em gênero e sexualidade na formação educacional pública, como componentes chave na constituição da cidadania em uma sociedade que se deseja democrática.
REFLEXÃO SOBRE OS SABERES DE PROFESSORES(AS) DO INTERIOR DO SUDOESTE PAULISTA ACERCA DA DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL NO CENÁRIO PEDAGÓGICO
Authors: Batista Mota Gabriel , Maria Coimbra Renata
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo teve como objetivo geral compreender as concepções e valores dos profissionais estaduais de educação atuantes em uma cidade de médio porte no interior sudoeste paulista sobre a diversidade sexual no ambiente escolar. A metodologia do trabalho se fundamentou na pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória. Os instrumentos de coletas de dados foram o levantamento bibliográfico e a aplicação de um questionário on-line autoaplicável que foi respondido por 116 educadores. Como resultado, o estudo concluiu o escasso domínio dos docentes sobre a temática, além do pouco contato, habilidade e interesse pelo debate.
Enhanced Clock Gating Technique for Power Optimization in SRAM and Sequential Circuit
Authors: Ashok Kumar Cheeli , Madhavi B.K. , Kishore K. Lal
Published: January 2022

Low power VLSI designs are having wide variety of application usage in real-time. VLSI circuits are analyzed with various power reduction strategies. Existing approaches are used the clock frequency control, switching activity and scaling factor for power reduction. The glitching problem and clock triggering issues are higher therefore; the proposed work utilized the improved circuit of clock gating technique. In this proposed work, the enhanced clock gating with D-latch model is constructed to obtain the less power consumption. The traditional clock gating technique is improved by adding clock triggering on LATCH circuit and adding buffer circuit between the source and load circuitry to reduce the clock switching issues like gitching and clocking activity. Here the SRAM and sequential counter circuits are designed to utilize the power reduction strategy for improving the performance. This is applicable for various applications in real world and utilizing the FPGA and DSP application specific circuits. Experimental results are analyzed to obtain the power reduction result of SRAM and sequential circuit. Area, power, and delay are obtained the better results as compared with the previous work. Overall, design is performed using Xilinx 14.2 ISE suit.
Mapeamento de Áreas de Risco Associadas ao Carste em Área Urbana no Município de João Pessoa-PB
Authors: Santos Caio Lima , Silva Osvaldo Girão , Vital Saulo Roberto Oliveira
Published: January 2022

No município de João Pessoa existem feições do relevo formadas por processos cársticos, denominadas depressões fechadas. A dinâmica natural do relevo cárstico é governada pelo processo de dissolução das rochas, principalmente dos carbonatos. As características geológicas identificadas e as condições relativas à evolução do relevo no referido município o colocam numa condição de área suscetível a ocorrência de processos cársticos, que, soma-se ao forte processo de urbanização observado na área. Assim, este artigo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar formas de relevo desenvolvidas por processos de carstificação, visando possibilitar a análise de riscos nestes ambientes, considerando, além da susceptibilidade natural, os aspectos relacionados às formas de usos e ocupação urbana. Para tanto, foram mapeadas feições de relevo cárstico, denominadas depressões fechadas. Foi elaborado mapa de suscetibilidade aos processos de carstificação por meio da técnica álgebra de mapas, considerando como fatores as condições estruturais, a litologia e a geomorfologia, assim como as condições de ocupação urbana. Por fim, os dados obtidos foram sobrepostos, tendo como produto final a classificação de áreas de risco associadas a processos cársticos. Foi verificado que a condição estrutural representa o fator preponderante para as condições de risco observadas no município de João Pessoa, estado da Paraíba, além dos impactos introduzidos no sistema cárstico em função das atividades antrópicas, que por vezes representam o gatilho para ocorrência de fenômenos como a abertura de crateras em área urbana.