bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of protein synthesis through mRNA pseudouridylation by dyskerin
Authors: Pederiva Chiara , Trevisan Davide M. , Peirasmaki Dimitra , Chen Shan , Savage Sharon A. , Larsson Ola , Ule Jernej , Baranello Laura , Agostini Federico , Farnebo Marianne
Published: July 2023

Posttranscriptional modifications of mRNA have emerged as regulators of gene expression. Although pseudouridylation is the most abundant, its biological role remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the pseudouridine synthase dyskerin associates with RNA polymerase II, binds to thousands of mRNAs, and is responsible for their pseudouridylation, an action that occurs in chromatin and does not appear to require a guide RNA with full complementarity. In cells lacking dyskerin, mRNA pseudouridylation is reduced, while at the same time, de novo protein synthesis is enhanced, indicating that this modification interferes with translation. Accordingly, mRNAs with fewer pseudouridines due to knockdown of dyskerin are translated more efficiently. Moreover, mRNA pseudouridylation is severely reduced in patients with dyskeratosis congenita caused by inherited mutations in the gene encoding dyskerin (i.e.,DKC1). Our findings demonstrate that pseudouridylation by dyskerin modulates mRNA translatability, with important implications for both normal development and disease.
Superconducting spin reorientation in spin-triplet multiple superconducting phases of UTe
2
Authors: Kinjo Katsuki , Fujibayashi Hiroki , Matsumura Hiroki , Hori Fumiya , Kitagawa Shunsaku , Ishida Kenji , Tokunaga Yo , Sakai Hironori , Kambe Shinsaku , Nakamura Ai , Shimizu Yusei , Homma Yoshiya , Li Dexin , Honda Fuminori , Aoki Dai
Published: July 2023

Superconducting (SC) state has spin and orbital degrees of freedom, and spin-triplet superconductivity shows multiple SC phases because of the presence of these degrees of freedom. However, the observation of spin-direction rotation occurring inside the SC state (SC spin rotation) has hardly been reported. Uranium ditelluride, a recently found topological superconductor, exhibits various SC phases under pressure: SC state at ambient pressure (SC1), high-temperature SC state above 0.5 gigapascal (SC2), and low-temperature SC state above 0.5 gigapascal (SC3). We performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ac susceptibility measurements on a single-crystal uranium ditelluride. The
b
axis spin susceptibility remains unchanged in SC2, unlike in SC1, and decreases below the SC2-SC3 transition with spin modulation. These unique properties in SC3 arise from the coexistence of two SC order parameters. Our NMR results confirm spin-triplet superconductivity with SC spin parallel to
b
axis in SC2 and unveil the remaining of spin degrees of freedom in SC uranium ditelluride.
Mere tension output from spring-linkage–based mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Ye Wenkang , Hu Lingling , Ou Haifeng , Yu Tongxi
Published: July 2023

Metamaterials whose properties are inaccessible with conventional materials offer powerful tools for unprecedentedly manipulating physical signals. However, an effective design strategy of metamaterials still remains a challenge for changing the compression or tension characters of stress waves during forward propagation. Here, we introduce a class of spring-linkage–based metamaterials exhibiting mere tension output at the distal end, no matter that the input is an axial impact, a sudden tension, or even alternating tension-compression. The metamaterials can turn compressive waves into pure tension and filter them out from the tension-compression mixed ones while allowing tensile signal stably propagating in soliton form. This is achieved by combining nonuniform and nonlinear properties of the proposed cells. In particular, these extraordinary functions of the metamaterial can be turned on or off and adjusted by tuning a key switch cell; thus, it is anticipated to serve as a start for more complex manipulation and utilization of mechanical signals.
Smart patterning for topological pumping of elastic surface waves
Authors: Wang Shaoyun , Hu Zhou , Wu Qian , Chen Hui , Prodan Emil , Zhu Rui , Huang Guoliang
Published: July 2023

Topological pumping allows waves to navigate a sample undisturbed by disorders and defects. We demonstrate this phenomenon with elastic surface waves by strategically patterning an elastic surface to create a synthetic dimension. The surface is decorated with arrays of resonating pillars that are connected by spatially slow-varying coupling bridges and support eigenmodes located below the sound cone. We establish a connection between the collective dynamics of the pillars and that of electrons in a magnetic field by developing a tight-binding model and a WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) analysis. This enables us to predict the topological pumping pattern, which we validate through numerical and experimental steering of waves from one edge to the other. Furthermore, we observe the immune nature of the topologically pumped surface waves to disorder and defects. The combination of surface patterning and WKB analysis provides a versatile platform for controlling surface waves and exploring topological matter in higher dimensions.
Conformable ultrasound breast patch for deep tissue scanning and imaging
Authors: Du Wenya , Zhang Lin , Suh Emma , Lin Dabin , Marcus Colin , Ozkan Lara , Ahuja Avani , Fernandez Sara , Shuvo Ikra Iftekhar , Sadat David , Liu Weiguo , Li Fei , Chandrakasan Anantha P. , Ozmen Tolga , Dagdeviren Canan
Published: July 2023

Ultrasound is widely used for tissue imaging such as breast cancer diagnosis; however, fundamental challenges limit its integration with wearable technologies, namely, imaging over large-area curvilinear organs. We introduced a wearable, conformable ultrasound breast patch (cUSBr-Patch) that enables standardized and reproducible image acquisition over the entire breast with less reliance on operator training and applied transducer compression. A nature-inspired honeycomb-shaped patch combined with a phased array is guided by an easy-to-operate tracker that provides for large-area, deep scanning, and multiangle breast imaging capability. The in vitro studies and clinical trials reveal that the array using a piezoelectric crystal [Yb/Bi-Pb(In
1
/2
Nb
1/2
)O
3
-Pb(Mg
1/
3
Nb
2/3
)O
3
-PbTiO
3
] (Yb/Bi-PIN-PMN-PT) exhibits a sufficient contrast resolution (~3 dB) and axial/lateral resolutions of 0.25/1.0 mm at 30 mm depth, allowing the observation of small cysts (~0.3 cm) in the breast. This research develops a first-of-its-kind ultrasound technology for breast tissue scanning and imaging that offers a noninvasive method for tracking real-time dynamic changes of soft tissue.
Precise modulation of multiple resonance emitters toward efficient electroluminescence with pure-red gamut for high-definition displays
Authors: Jing Yan-Yun , Li Nengquan , Cao Xiaosong , Wu Han , Miao Jingsheng , Chen Zhanxiang , Huang Manli , Wang Xinzhong , Hu Yuxuan , Zou Yang , Yang Chuluo
Published: July 2023

Multiple resonance (MR) compounds have garnered substantial attention for their prospective utility in wide color gamut displays. Nevertheless, developing red MR emitters with both high efficiency and saturated emission color remains demanding. We herein introduce a comprehensive strategy for spectral tuning in the red region by simultaneously regulating the π-conjugation and electron-donating strengths of a double boron–embedded MR skeleton while preserving narrowband characteristics. The proof-of-concept materials manifested emissions from orange-red to deep red, with bandwidths below 0.12 eV. The pure-red device based on CzIDBNO displayed superior color purity with CIE coordinates of (0.701, 0.298), approaching the Broadcast Television 2020 standard. In concert with high photoluminescence quantum yield and strong horizontal dipole orientation, CzIDBNO also achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 32.5% and a current efficiency of 20.2 cd A
−1
, outstripping prior reported organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with CIE

x

exceeding 0.68. These findings offer a roadmap for designing high-performance emitters with exceptional color purity for future OLED material research advancements.
PTBP1 regulates injury responses and sensory pathways in adult peripheral neurons
Authors: Alber Stefanie , Di Matteo Pierluigi , Zdradzinski Matthew D. , Dalla Costa Irene , Medzihradszky Katalin F. , Kawaguchi Riki , Di Pizio Agostina , Freund Philip , Panayotis Nicolas , Marvaldi Letizia , Doron-Mandel Ella , Okladnikov Nataliya , Rishal Ida , Nevo Reinat , Coppola Giovanni , Lee Seung Joon , Sahoo Pabitra K. , Burlingame Alma L. , Twiss Jeffery L. , Fainzilber Mike
Published: July 2023

Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is thought to be expressed only at embryonic stages in central neurons. Its down-regulation triggers neuronal differentiation in precursor and non-neuronal cells, an approach recently tested for generation of neurons de novo for amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, PTBP1 is replaced by its paralog PTBP2 in mature central neurons. Unexpectedly, we found that both proteins are coexpressed in adult sensory and motor neurons, with PTBP2 restricted mainly to the nucleus, while PTBP1 also shows axonal localization. Levels of axonal PTBP1 increased markedly after peripheral nerve injury, and it associates in axons with mRNAs involved in injury responses and nerve regeneration, including importin β1 (KPNB1) and RHOA. Perturbation of PTBP1 affects local translation in axons, nociceptor neuron regeneration and both thermal and mechanical sensation. Thus, PTBP1 has functional roles in adult axons. Hence, caution is required before considering targeting of PTBP1 for therapeutic purposes.
Recurrent group B streptococcus infection in an extremely premature infant: as a preterm neonate, infant and toddler
Authors: Schim van der Loeff Ina , Tsilifis Christo , Abdelhafiz Khalid , Williams Eleri J
Published: July 2023

We report five discrete episodes of group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteraemia in an extremely premature infant, extending into early childhood. The first four episodes occurred during infancy despite appropriate treatment. Breastmilk was positive for group B streptococcal 16S DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The fifth episode occurred at 17 months of age, shortly after stopping antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Radiological investigations did not identify a focus for recurrence of GBS bacteraemia, and immunological investigations and targeted whole genome sequencing yielded only transient hypogammaglobulinaemia of infancy, which resolved.

This case highlights invasive GBS infection as a cause of infant morbidity. Premature infants are at particular risk of invasive as well as recurrent disease. GBS is typically a sensitive organism and each episode of GBS in our patient was effectively treated with penicillin. The role of breastmilk in recurrent GBS is controversial; in this case infant and mother isolated identical GBS serotypes and were concurrently treated with rifampicin.
British Society of Gastroenterology Best Practice Guidance: outpatient management of cirrhosis – part 1: compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Mansour Dina , Masson Steven , Shawcross Debbie L , Douds Andrew C , Bonner Emily , Corless Lynsey , Leithead Joanna A , Hammond John , Heneghan Michael A , Rahim Mussarat Nazia , Tripathi Dhiraj , West Rebecca , Johnson Jill , Botterill Gemma , Hollywood Coral , Ross Valerie , Donnelly Mhairi , Compston Juliet E , McPherson Stuart , Grapes Allison
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of cirrhosis has risen significantly over recent decades and is predicted to rise further. Widespread use of non-invasive testing means cirrhosis is increasingly diagnosed at an earlier stage. Despite this, there are significant variations in outcomes in patients with cirrhosis across the UK, and patients in areas with higher levels of deprivation are more likely to die from their liver disease. This three-part best practice guidance aims to address outpatient management of cirrhosis, in order to standardise care and to reduce the risk of progression, decompensation and mortality from liver disease. Here, in part one, we focus on outpatient management of compensated cirrhosis, encompassing hepatocellular cancer surveillance, screening for varices and osteoporosis, vaccination and lifestyle measures. We also introduce a compensated cirrhosis care bundle for use in the outpatient setting. Part two concentrates on outpatient management of decompensated disease including management of ascites, encephalopathy, varices, nutrition as well as liver transplantation and palliative care. The third part of the guidance covers special circumstances encountered in managing people with cirrhosis: surgery, pregnancy, travel, managing bleeding risk for invasive procedures and portal vein thrombosis.
British Society of Gastroenterology Best Practice Guidance: outpatient management of cirrhosis – part 3: special circumstances
Authors: Mansour Dina , Masson Steven , Hammond John , Leithead Joanna A , Johnson Jill , Rahim Mussarat Nazia , Douds Andrew C , Corless Lynsey , Shawcross Debbie L , Heneghan Michael A , Tripathi Dhiraj , McPherson Stuart , Bonner Emily , Botterill Gemma , West Rebecca , Donnelly Mhairi , Grapes Allison , Hollywood Coral , Ross Valerie
Published: July 2023

The prevalence of cirrhosis has risen significantly over recent decades and is predicted to rise further. Widespread use of non-invasive testing means cirrhosis is increasingly diagnosed at an earlier stage. Despite this, there are significant variations in outcomes in patients with cirrhosis across the UK, and patients in areas with higher levels of deprivation are more likely to die from their liver disease. This three-part best practice guidance aims to address outpatient management of cirrhosis, in order to standardise care and to reduce the risk of progression, decompensation and mortality from liver disease. Part 1 addresses outpatient management of compensated cirrhosis: screening for hepatocellular cancer, varices and osteoporosis, vaccination and lifestyle measures. Part 2 concentrates on outpatient management of decompensated disease including management of ascites, encephalopathy, varices, nutrition as well as liver transplantation and palliative care. In this, the third part of the guidance, we focus on special circumstances encountered in managing people with cirrhosis, namely surgery, pregnancy, travel, managing bleeding risk for invasive procedures and portal vein thrombosis.
Provider care segregation and hospital-region racial disparities for carotid interventions in the USA
Authors: Daniel David , Maillie Luke , Dhamoon Mandip
Published: July 2023

Background

Reasons for racial disparities in the utilization and outcomes of carotid interventions (carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS)) are not well understood, especially segregation of care associated with carotid intervention. We examined patterns of geographic and provider care segregation in carotid interventions and outcomes.

Method

We used de-identified Medicare datasets to identify CEA and CAS interventions between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 using validated ICD-10 codes. For patients who underwent carotid intervention, we calculated (1) the proportion of White patients at the hospital, (2) the proportional difference in the proportion of White patients between hospital patients and the county, and (3) provider care segregation by the dissimilarity index for carotid intervention cases. We examined associations between measures of segregation and outcomes.

Results

Despite higher proportions of Black patients in counties with hospitals that provide carotid intervention, lower proportions of Black patients received intervention. The difference in the proportion of White patients comparing CEA patients to the county race distribution was 0.143 (SD 0.297) at the hospital level (for CAS, 0.174 (0.315)). The dissimilarity index for CEA providers was high, with mean (SD) 0.387 (0.274) averaged across all hospitals and higher among CAS providers at 0.472 (0.288). Black patients receiving CEA and CAS (compared with Whites) had reduced odds of discharge home. Better outcomes (inpatient mortality and 30-day mortality) were independently associated with higher proportion of White CAS patients.

Conclusion

In this national study with contemporary data on carotid intervention, we found evidence for segregation of care of both CEA and CAS.
Study on multibody contact load distribution characteristics of scraper conveying system of continuous miner
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Hong , Song Yang , Chen Wenzhou , Chen You
Published: July 2023

Understanding the interaction of the scraper chain–sprocket–tail drum–chain path is of great significance to improving the transportation efficiency and service life of the intermediate scraper conveying system of fully mechanized excavation equipment. The dynamic characteristics of the internal tension, running resistance, and multicontact interface load of the scraper chain are the theoretical basis of the research. Firstly, a method for obtaining periodic cyclic dynamic load history is proposed, and then the model of a single-chain scraper conveyor for a continuous shearer is constructed by using RecurDyn and simulation structures. Finally, the influence of parameters such as conveying inclination angle and running speed of the sleeve scraper chain on the reliable operation of the conveying system is determined. The results show that when the conveying angle is 12°, the scraper conveying system runs stably and the impact between multirigid bodies is small. As the chain speed increases from 0.85 to 2.4 m/s, the wear of the conveying system gradually increases, and the contact load distribution of upper chain plate 2, upper chain plate 3, and lower chain plate 3 is seriously worn.
The background model of the CUPID-Mo $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ experiment
Authors: Augier C. , Barabash A. S. , Bellini F. , Benato G. , Beretta M. , Bergé L. , Billard J. , Borovlev Yu. A. , Cardani L. , Casali N. , Cazes A. , Celi E. , Chapellier M. , Chiesa D. , Dafinei I. , Danevich F. A. , De Jesus M. , de Marcillac P. , Dixon T. , Dumoulin L. , Eitel K. , Ferri F. , Fujikawa B. K. , Gascon J. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Grigorieva V. D. , Gros M. , Helis D. L. , Huang H. Z. , Huang R. , Imbert L. , Johnston J. , Juillard A. , Khalife H. , Kleifges M. , Kobychev V. V. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Konovalov S. I. , Kotila J. , Loaiza P. , Ma L. , Makarov E. P. , Mariam R. , Marini L. , Marnieros S. , Navick X.-F. , Nones C. , Norman E. B. , Olivieri E. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagnanini L. , Pattavina L. , Paul B. , Pavan M. , Peng H. , Pessina G. , Pirro S. , Poda D. V. , Polischuk O. G. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Redon Th. , Rojas A. , Rozov S. , Sanglard V. , Scarpaci J. A. , Schmidt B. , Shen Y. , Shlegel V. N. , Singh V. , Tomei C. , Tretyak V. I. , Umatov V. I. , Vagneron L. , Velázquez M. , Welliver B. , Winslow L. , Xue M. , Yakushev E. , Zarytskyy M. , Zolotarova A. S.
Published: July 2023

CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li$$_{2}$$

2

$$^{100}$$

100

MoO$$_4$$

4

bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$

2
ν
β
β

decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li$$_{2}$$

2

$$^{100}$$

100

MoO$$_4$$

4

crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7 $$^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$$

-
0.8

+
0.9

 (stat)$$^{+1.5}_{-0.7}$$

-
0.7

+
1.5

 (syst) $$\times ~10 ^{-3}$$

×

10

-
3

 counts/$$\Delta E_{\text {FWHM}}/\text {mol}_{\text {iso}}/\text {year},$$

Δ

E
FWHM

/

mol
iso

/
year
,

the lowest in a bolometric $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

decay experiment.
The second-order gradient estimates for the V-heat kernel and its applications
Authors: Su Jiarong
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we derive the second-order gradient estimates for the [Formula: see text]-heat kernel on complete Riemannian manifolds with Bakry–Emery Ricci curvature bounded from below. Applying these estimates, we proved that the [Formula: see text]-Riesz transform on a complete manifold with nonnegative [Formula: see text]-Bakry–Emery Ricci curvature is of weak type (1,1).
Lifting and drainage of Sisko fluid film with surface tension: A theoretical study on stationary points and thickness of uniform film
Authors: Ashraf H. , Siddiqa Ayesha , Rehman Hamood Ur , Siddiqui A. M. , Rahman Jamshaid Ul
Published: July 2023

This paper accords with the theoretical study of lifting and drainage of Sisko fluid film on a vertically upward moving cylinder with surface tension. The flow on cylinder is induced by the upward motion of the cylinder, gravity and surface tension gradient. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation is solved for a series form solution by making use of the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Expressions for the flow variables like velocity, volume flow rate, shear stress and surface tension are derived. Positions of stationary points and thickness of uniform film are computed numerically in MATHEMATICA. The inverse capillary number C, Stokes number [Formula: see text], Sisko fluid parameter [Formula: see text] and fluid behavior index n emerged as flow control parameters. The study showed that the positions of stationary points relocate towards the surface of the cylinder by the increase of C and [Formula: see text] while their positions relocate towards the fluid–air interface with increasing [Formula: see text] and n. Thickness of uniform film decreases when the values of C and [Formula: see text] are increased whilst it increases with the increase of [Formula: see text] and n. Analogy between the Newtonian fluid and the Sisko fluid’s shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors for positions of stationary points, thickness of uniform film and surface tension is also made.
On the analysis of time-dependent drainage of Sisko fluid film slowly down a vertical belt
Authors: Ashraf H. , Siddiqui A. M. , Walait A. , Rehman Hamood Ur , Irfan M.
Published: July 2023

Theoretical analysis of time-dependent drainage of Sisko fluid film slowly down a stationary vertical belt is presented in this paper. Employing [C. Gutfinger and J. A. Tallmadge, AIChE J. 10, 774 (1964)] approach the subsequent nonlinear partial differential equation is simplified. The Adomian decomposition method is then used to solve the simplified nonlinear partial differential equation to obtain the analytic expression for velocity. The analytic expressions for volume flow rate, shear stress, average film velocity, surface profile and film mean thickness are also derived. It is delineated that the velocity decreases by an increment in the Sisko fluid parameter and time while it increases by an increment in the fluid behavior index. The elevation of the Sisko surface profile decreases when the values of Sisko fluid parameter are increased, whereas it increases when the values of fluid behavior index and time are increased. The variable film thickness of four different lubricating greases is estimated by using experimental values of material constants and fluid behavior index [A. W. Sisko, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50, 1789 (1958) and M. A. Delgado et al., Chem. Eng. Process. 44, 805 (2005)]. Furthermore, the flow variables studied for the Sisko fluid are also studied for the Newtonian fluid, and comparisons between both are provided.
Unsteady natural-convection MHD flow of the generalized Maxwell fluid past a canted porous plate
Authors: Li Nan , Xu Huanying , Qi Haitao
Published: July 2023

The natural-convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow usually takes place in the process of many industries, such as astrophysics and electronics. In this work, the MHD flow characteristic and heat behavior about the generalized Maxwell fluid passing the canted porous plate under the titled magnetic field is investigated, which is stemmed from the effect of the heat absorption, thermal radiation, the first-order chemical reaction and radiation absorption. And for the temperature and concentration, we established the single-phase-lag model to describe the anomalous transported process. By utilizing the Laplace-transform (L-T) and Fourier-sine transform (F-ST), the solutions in the transformed domain about velocity, temperature, concentration are given analytically. Then the semi-analytical solution can be denoted via the inverse F-ST and numerical inverse L-T. Further, the cognate parameters’ impacts on the solution are discussed and the results are displayed intuitively via profiles.
The nonlocal coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with 𝒫𝒯-symmetric: Analytical solutions under two types of Darboux transformation
Authors: Yang Hui , Niu Xiao-Xing , Guo Rui
Published: July 2023

The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) system is often used to describe physical problems such as wave propagation in a birefringent optical fiber. Under investigation in this paper is the nonlocal [Formula: see text]-symmetric reverse-space type of CNLS system, through constructing two types of Darboux transformation (DT), we will derive a new series of nonlocal analytic solutions: (1) Single-periodic and double-periodic solutions; (2) Four different combinations about dark and anti-dark solitons, as well as the bright and dark breathers on a periodic background. Moreover, the fundamental properties and dynamical behaviors of those solutions will be discussed.
Multi-Scale Orthogonal Model CNN–Transformer for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Zhou Wuyi , Zeng Xianhua , Zhou Mingkun
Published: July 2023

Because of the limitations of convolution kernel, the traditional image segmentation network is not sufficient to obtain the context information, but the image segmentation task is very dependent on the context information. Transformer’s linear input can just get enough context information. In this paper, we propose a transformer segmentation network hyperfusion transformer based on a pyramid structure. First, the model divides the single-scale coding form into several-different-scale coding forms, and then fuses the decoding results. Second, in order to ensure the specificity of the output characteristics of each branch, we orthogonalize the results of a variety of different scales. By orthogonalizing in pairs, we can ensure that the results obtained by different branches are not completely similar to a certain extent, and reduce the redundancy of branch information. On the two datasets, the method in this paper surpasses a variety of classical models under multiple evaluation indexes, confirming that it is an effective segmentation method.
MSFE-PANet: Improved YOLOv4-Based Small Object Detection Method in Complex Scenes
Authors: Pan Xiaoying , Jia Ningxin , Mu Yuanzhen , Bai Weidong
Published: July 2023

With the rapid development of computer vision and artificial intelligence technology, visual object detection has made unprecedented progress, and small object detection in complex scenes has attracted more and more attention. To solve the problems of ambiguity, overlap and occlusion in small object detection in complex scenes. In this paper, a multi-scale fusion feature enhanced path aggregation network MSFE-PANet is proposed. By adding attention mechanism and feature fusion, the fusion of strong positioning information of deep feature map and strong semantic information of shallow feature map is enhanced, which helps the network to find interesting areas in complex scenes and improve its sensitivity to small objects. The rejection loss function and network prediction scale are designed to solve the problems of missing detection and false detection of overlapping and blocking small objects in complex backgrounds. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 40.7% on the VisDrone2021 dataset and 89.7% on the PASCAL VOC dataset. Comparative analysis with mainstream object detection algorithms proves the superiority of this method in detecting small objects in complex scenes.
Multi-Network-Based Ensemble Deep Learning Model to Forecast Ross River Virus Outbreak in Australia
Authors: Sakib Mohd , Siddiqui Tamanna
Published: July 2023

Ross River virus (RRV) disease is one of the most epidemiological mosquito-borne diseases in Australia. Its major consequences on public health require building a precise and accurate model for predicting any forthcoming outbreaks. Several models have been developed by machine learning (ML) researchers, and many studies have been published as a result. Later, deep learning models have been introduced and shown tremendous success in forecasting, mainly the long short-term memory (LSTM), which performs significantly better than the traditional machine learning approaches. There are four common problems that previously developed models need to solve. They are exploding gradient, vanishing gradient, uncertainty and parameter bias. LSTM has already solved the first two problems, i.e. exploding and vanishing gradient problems, and the remaining two are overcome by [Formula: see text]-LSTM. However, developing a prediction model for the RRV disease is a challenging task because it presents a wide range of symptoms, and there needs to be more accurate information available on the disease. To address these challenges, we propose a data-driven ensemble deep learning model using multi-networks of LSTM neural network for RRV disease forecasting in Australia. Data is collected between 1993 and 2020 from the Health Department of the Government of Australia. Data from 1993 to 2016 is taken to train the model, while the data of 2016–2020 is used as a test dataset. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of both ARIMA and exponential smoothing techniques in the field of time-series forecasting. As a result, our study sought to evaluate the performance of our proposed model in comparison to these established parametric methods, including ARIMA and ARMA, as well as the more recent deep learning approaches such as encoder–decoder and attention mechanism models. The results show that [Formula: see text]-LSTM achieves higher accuracy and has a less mean-square error. We have also discussed the comparison of the models in detail. Such forecasting gives an insight into being well prepared and handling the situation of the outbreak.
Fast 3D Object Measurement Based on Point Cloud Modeling
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhou Mingliang , Fang Bin , Zhang Yugui , Guan Shouqin , Ruan Bin , Li Zelin
Published: July 2023

Automated object measurement is becoming increasingly important due to its ability to reduce manual costs, increase production efficiency, and minimize errors in various fields. In this paper, we present a novel approach to three-dimensional (3D) object measurement based on point cloud modeling. Our method introduces a fast point cloud modeling computation framework consisting of five stages: coordinate centralization, rotation and translation, noise filtering, plane projection, and geometric computation. Furthermore, we propose a fast convex hull optimization algorithm to reduce the high complexity problem of traditional convex hull calculation. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods in terms of measurement error rate and time savings, with a maximum time saving of 31.03% under certain error conditions.
Investigation of MEMS Single Turn Meander-Shaped Silicon Carbide Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor on a Clamped Circular Diaphragm for High Pressure Harsh Environment Applications
Authors: Kanekal Dadasikandar , Jindal Sumit Kumar
Published: July 2023

Silicon-based Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) pressure sensors are extensively used and have the advantages of high accuracy and miniaturization. Despite this, due to inherent material limitations, they are not easily able to withstand high temperatures greater than 150°C. To overcome this disadvantage, Silicon Carbide (SiC) is the preferred material because it has excellent thermomechanical properties and operates above 600°C. Piezoresistive pressure sensors made of Silicon Carbide are ideally able to detect pressures beyond 600°C. Our work presents MEMS Single turn meander-shaped piezoresistive pressure sensor on a circular SiC diaphragm for high pressure applications of pressure range 0–40[Formula: see text]MPa in harsh environment. This work models and analyses the piezoresistive pressure sensor characteristics using an analytical modeling and simulation method to choose the best design. To ascertain its sensitivity, expressions are computationally simulated with MATLAB software using the thin plate and small deflection theory. To evaluate the viability of the model, COMSOL Multiphysics simulation is used. When compared to recent studies, our proposed sensor provides a sensitivity of near about 5.4[Formula: see text]mV/V/MPa across a pressure range of 0–40[Formula: see text]MPa.
A High Bandwidth Compact Integrable Configuration of Floating Memristor Emulator
Authors: Bhardwaj Kapil , Srivastava Mayank
Published: July 2023

A compact memristor emulator structure using ten CMOS transistors-based structures is presented with a fully floating circuit configuration. Along with the use of such a compact CMOS structure to form a transconductance cell, the circuit requires only a single grounded capacitance and two external MOS transistors. Unlike several externally employed transconductance cells-based memristor emulators reported previously, the proposed circuit can be considered a compact architecture due to the non-employment of any external multiplier and floating passive elements, and also a lesser number of used transistors. The electronic tunability and wide-band operating frequency range (400[Formula: see text]Hz–50[Formula: see text]MHz) are the other attractive features of the proposed emulator. The circuit has been tested by performing simulations using PSPICE with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. The presented simulation results clearly show the ideal non-volatile nature found in the realized memristor, which has also been employed in a neuron circuit based on the proposed emulator depicted in the article. The neuron circuit has been used to generate a spike output by applying a post-synaptic signal equivalent DC input. Finally, the circuit idea of the proposed memristor emulator has been tested by using commercial IC LM13700.
Effect of defects and doping on the transmission spectrum enhancement of photonic crystal based on 2D-MoS2
Authors: Kaddour Sondes , Ridene Said
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present the structural and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of 2D-MoS2 and we report a theoretical investigation of the influence of Ag- and Au-doping on the transmission in 2D-MoS2 photonic crystal structure (PCS). A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and plane wave expansion method (PWE) have been introduced and adapted for periodic and aperiodic structures to extract the PC-bandgap and study the behavior of the transmission spectrum. The impact of the size of defects, the Ag- and Au-doping on the 2D-PC band structure and transmission spectrum has been visualized under the inclusion of the distribution of electromagnetic fields and the associated field maps. It has been shown that the Au-doping changes significantly the 2D-MoS2 PCS and as a result the transmission spectrum increases considerably. We can predict that 2D-MoS2 PC doped with Au is more convenient than doped with Ag in most applications involving optical transmission and waveguides for optoelectronics devices.
Uniqueness and superposition of the space-distribution-dependent Zakai equations
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Qiao Huijie
Published: July 2023

The work concerns nonlinear filtering problems of McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations with correlated noises. First of all, we establish the space-distribution-dependent Kushner–Stratonovich equations and the space-distribution-dependent Zakai equations. Then, the pathwise uniquenesses of their strong solutions are shown. Finally, we prove a superposition principle between the space-distribution-dependent Zakai equations and space-distribution-dependent Fokker–Planck equations. As a by-product, we give some conditions under which space-distribution-dependent Fokker–Planck equations have weak solutions.
Operator-valued Gaussian processes and their covariance kernels
Authors: Jorgensen Palle E. T. , Tian James
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we discuss a new framework for operator-valued Gaussian processes and their covariance kernels. Our emphasis is four-fold: (i) starting with a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) [Formula: see text], we present algorithms for constructing an associated centered, operator-valued, Gaussian process [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as its covariance kernel; (ii) we present different classes of POVMs, and we examine the corresponding classes of operator-valued Gaussian processes [Formula: see text]; (iii) for the operator-valued Gaussian processes [Formula: see text] at hand, and the non-commutative framework, we present the corresponding Itô-integrals; and we (iv) outline features of the operator-valued setting which are different from the more familiar case of scalar-valued Gaussian processes.
Mobile Ordering App Adoption in Restaurant Industry during Pandemic: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ganeshkumar C. , Meenakshi Sundaresan M.
Published: July 2023

The research paper addresses the adoption of the mobile application for ordering from the restaurant by the user with their value during the pandemic period. The model used here is the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) model, the research model has six determinants to address intention to use — performance expectancy, perceived risk, price saving, social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating condition. The data was collected among college students from South India, who are regular in using the mobile application for the ordering. The sample size of 120 respondents was collected and analysed using SEM (Structured Equation Modeling). The SEM results give that the drivers of intention to use the mobile application are social influence and price saving that are significantly related, perceived risk is significant with the social influence, social influence significantly impacts price saving and performance expectancy impacts price saving construct.
Three-dimensional morphological and fluorescent imaging of zebrafish with a continuous-rotational light-sheet microscope
Authors: Zhang Dongmin , Yang Guang , Tan Yao , Chen Chong , Zhang Jie , Li Hui
Published: July 2023

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has been widely used to image the three-dimensional (3D) structures and functions of various millimeter-size bio-specimen such as zebrafish. However, the sample adsorption and scattering cause shading of the light-sheet illumination, preventing the even 3D image of thick samples. Herein, we report a continuous-rotational light-sheet microscope (CR-LSM) that enables simultaneous 3D bright-field and fluorescence imaging. With a high-accuracy rotational stage, CR-LSM records the outline projections and the fluorescent images of the sample at multiple rotation angles. Then, 3D morphology and fluorescent structure were reconstructed with a developed algorithm. Using CR-LSM, zebrafish’s whole-fish contour and blood vessel structures were obtained simultaneously.
Graphene dot-embedded porous WO3 photoanode for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Xu Zhenyan , Zhao Xianfeng , Yan Xiao Xu , Lu Huidan , Liu Yongping
Published: July 2023

The development of semiconductor photoanodes with improved photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency and stability for the purpose of realizing solar water splitting is a crucial challenge that carries substantial practical implications.

In this study, GQDs/WO3 composite porous photoanodes were fabricated using a pulsed anodization method in an aqueous electrolyte containing hydroxyl GQDs. The morphology and crystal structure of the as-prepared GQDs/WO3 porous films were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman spectra, and FTIR. The successful embedding of GQDs into the WO3 walls to form tightly bound heterojunctions was confirmed. It was investigated how the GQD content influenced the photoelectrochemical properties of the GQDs/WO3 heterojunctions. The optimal photocurrent densities observed in the GQDs/WO3 samples (10-WO3) were found to be three times higher compared to those obtained from pure WO3 porous films. This significant enhancement clearly indicates the positive impact of GQDs on the PEC performance. The boosted PEC activity of the GQDs/WO3 heterojunction photoanode was attributed to the fact that the introduction of GQDs promotes more efficient light absorption, charge separation, and transport processes within the heterojunction structure. Moreover, the GQDs/WO3 composites photoelectrodes exhibited excellent PEC stability, predicting its enormous potential for practical applications.
Decentralized Leader-Following Control of a Heterogeneous Swarm Robotic System Subject to Network-Induced Imperfections
Authors: Parrany Ahmad Mahdian , Alasty Aria
Published: July 2023

This paper studies the decentralized leader-following control of a heterogeneous swarm robotic system composed of a group of quadrotors as aerial agents, and a group of two-wheeled mobile robots as ground agents. The interaction mechanism between the agents is based on the method of artificial potential fields. While the agents in the aerial and ground sub-swarms communicate with each other through local and direct vision, the information exchange between the aerial and ground sub-swarms is established through a wireless network. The control system of ground and aerial agents is designed using the sliding mode control technique. The controller proposed for quadrotors is finite-time, integral-terminal, and valid for both small and large angles of attitude. The effect of the communication imperfections of the wireless network on the leader-following behavior of the heterogeneous robotic swarm is investigated. Subsequently, an innovative component, called the trajectory predictor, is designed to compensate for the undesirable impacts caused by the communication imperfections of the wireless network. Finally, the performance of the presented collective control strategy is evaluated via several numerical simulations.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Excision for Trigger Finger – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: CROUCH Gareth , XU Joshua , GRAHAM David J. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S.
Published: July 2023

Background: Division of one or more slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon has been posited as an effective surgical modality for advanced or recurrent trigger finger. This may be an effective approach among patients with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, or in those with fixed flexion deformities who have poor outcomes from A1 pulley release alone. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of this procedure. The role of this study was to systematically review the evidence on functional outcomes and safety of partial or complete FDS resection in the management of trigger finger.

Methods: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and Ovid Medline databases were electronically queried from their inception until February 2022. English language papers were included if they reported original data on postoperative outcomes and complications following resection of one or more slips of FDS for adult trigger finger.

Results: Seven articles were eligible for inclusion, encompassing 420 fingers in 290 patients. All included studies were retrospective. Isolated ulnar slip FDS resection was the most described surgery. Mean postoperative fixed flexion deformity at the proximal interphalangeal joint was 6.0° compared to 31.5° preoperatively, and the proportion of patients with fixed flexion deformity reduced by 58%. Mean postoperative total active motion was 228.7°. Recurrence was seen in 4.7% of digits, and complications occurred in 11.2% of cases. No post-surgical ulnar drift or swan neck deformities were observed.

Conclusions: FDS resection for long-standing trigger finger, or in diabetic or rheumatoid populations, is an effective and safe technique with low rates of recurrence. Prospective and comparative studies of this technique would be beneficial.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
East Greenland Prograded Margin and Oceanic Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, offshore East Greenland
Authors: Fyhn Michael B. W.
Published: July 2023

The East Greenland Prograded Margin and Oceanic Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (EGPMO CTSE) consists of the East Greenland Prograded Margin Tectonic-Sedimentary Element (TSE) and the East Greenland Oceanic (EGO) TSE located over continental and oceanic crust, respectively. The East Greenland Prograded Margin TSE (EGPM TSE) is made up of six segments, with their basal part deferring from Maastrichtian to Miocene in age. The variation reflects the different timing in transition from syn- to post-rift, controlled by the lateral migration of rifting and diachronic continental break-up in the northern North Atlantic. The post-rift history can be subdivided into a pre-break-up Maastrichtian–Paleocene post-rift phase developed entirely offshore NE Greenland and an earliest Eocene–Miocene syn- to post-break-up phase developed in the wake of progressive continental rupture. Finally, the CTSE started to develop as a unified body from Miocene time after the complete separation of Greenland from Eurasia and the Jan Mayen microcontinent. The EGO TSE has formed since the earliest Eocene commencement of seafloor spreading. The structural and depositional outline of the EGPMO CTSE depicts its tectonic history but also reflects phases of volcanism, denudation and intensified icehouse conditions since the middle Miocene that were triggered by the opening of the Fram Strait and the uplift of East Greenland. The first major northern hemisphere glaciations started in NE Greenland. Glaciations expanded southwards during the late Miocene as the Denmark Strait was transgressed and cold surface water from the high arctic started flowing along SE Greenland, cooling the region. The petroleum potential of the EGPM TSE is conceivably modest but a potential exists locally offshore northern NE Greenland where hydrocarbons sourced mainly from the Jurassic–Cretaceous section may have charged structures cored by Maastrichtian–Eocene sandstone reservoirs sealed by overlying marine mudstones.