bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaombo Start-Up Strategy: Together We Throve!
Authors: Rolland Julien , Bahabanian Olivier , Pena Lorena , Rouyer Sebastien
Published: April 2019

The FPSO Kaombo Norte came on stream on July 27th offshore Angola. When both its FPSOs will be at plateau, Kaombo, the biggest deep offshore project in Angola will account for 15% of the country's oil production. It produces light oil from six fields scattered over an 800-square-kilometer area. Gindungo, Gengibre, and Caril fields are connected to the Norte FPSO while Mostarda, Canela, and Louro fields will be producing on FPSO Sul. The full development stands out for its subsea network size with more than 300 kilometers of lines on the seabed within 1500-2000m water depth, including subsea production wells more than 25km away from the production facility.

In order to secure a safe First-Oil and to smoothly start-up the production, a detailed and cross-functional study was carried out. The first step was to start from a clean slate by forgetting all previous startup scenarios: the three loops candidate to start-up hydrocarbon production were re-analyzed in depth to evaluate strengths and weaknesses. A task force composed of all involved disciplines, including contractors, was put in place in order to apply a cross-functional approach. Constraints from reservoir up to topsides were analyzed providing an overall picture and clear ranking to develop the start-up strategy. An ambitious planning of the commissioning activities combined with a relatively short-term reservoir management were crucial to lock production loop priorities with water injection and gas export systems readiness. The work jointly performed contributed to serene environment for a safe start-up and ramp-up.

Following the assessment, decision was made to start first the most "powerful" reservoir despite a challenging flowline. The relatively high initial pressure and oil undersaturation, the robust open-hole gravel-pack completions and high productivity wells were beneficial to stabilize the multiphase flow in the subsea network. Improvement of the production was rapidly made with the start-up of the second production loop only fifteen days after. Postponement of the water injection system and the availability of the riser base gas lift were judiciously calculated: the readiness of these systems arrived in due time to respectively slow down the natural depletion of the reservoirs and improve the wells eruptivity and stability of the flowlines. Our capacity to re-invent ourselves and leave behind individual priorities conducted to a collective success captured in the outstanding production levels since early days of field life.
Un-Locking Subsea Reserves Through a System-Based Approach for Tie-Back Solutions
Authors: Mikalsen Kristian , Loper Cobie
Published: April 2019

Offshore developments must evolve if the industry is to unlock subsea reserves and increase recovery. A novel method of achieving these goals is through use of a systematic approach to subsea tiebacks that combines new technologies with minor modifications to the existing topsides equipment.

The tieback strategy is a system-based approach with a combination of qualified disruptive technologies and field-proven solutions that will improve costs, reduce the number of interfaces, minimize the modifications needed on the topsides, critical for platforms with space and weight limitations, and maximize the use of existing assets. Significant investment was made to qualify disruptive and groundbreaking technologies to make this possible. The following summarizes the main components of the subsea system: –Seabox subsea water treatment and injection provides higher quality water for reservoir injection and increased recovery–Subsea chemical storage that allows longer subsea tiebacks and mitigates weight and space limitations on topside structures; only power and communication are needed from the topside–Subsea treatment of produced water subsea for either discharge directly to sea or to re-inject–Subsea automatic pig launcher combined with a single pipeline that ensures continuous flow at a lower capex–All-electric controls and valves eliminate the need for utility pipelines and expensive umbilicals–Applying field-proven tie-in systems integrated with flexible pipe solutions and customized subsea structures

In addition to exploring the above components, this paper also explores combining the components into a comprehensive system. The system-based approach will unlock previously uneconomical reservoirs.
Libra Extended Well Test - An Innovative Approach to De-Risk a Complex Field Development
Authors: Moczydlower Bruno , Figueiredo Junior Fernando Pacifico , Pizarro Jorge Oscar Sant’Anna
Published: April 2019

This paper addresses the innovative appraisal strategy applied to the Libra project; located in ultra-deep waters offshore Brazil. It details the key role of the Extended Well Test (EWT) Program, within the field overall Risk Mitigation Plan, as well as its interfaces with additional appraisal activities. The Value of Information (VoI) for the main acquired data is described, highlighting the associated impacts for the full field development and validation of the enhanced recovery strategy.

A case study approach details how the whole EWT project maximized the acquired information, mainly from a reservoir point of view. Although the EWT approach is not new to Petrobras in the offshore environment, this is the first one with simultaneous oil production and gas reinjection. Several reasons justify the use of the industry’s first dedicated offshore EWT system with this capability. Gathering data on the main dynamic parameters of the field was critical to speed-up the development, with an acceptable risk level. The incorporation of these data in the reservoir models and the impacts in the most relevant development decisions are also described.

The chosen methodology brought many opportunities, as well as challenges to interpret the data and to incorporate them in the reservoir models. Furthermore, the capability to produce without continuous gas flaring makes it possible to apply such approach anywhere else in the world.
An Overview and Awareness Briefing for Offshore Renewable Energy, Wind, Wave, Flow, Hydrokinetic and Thermal Convertors
Authors: Osborne Roger
Published: April 2019

In recent years much progress has been made getting Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE), wind, wave and current/flow harnessed for use in electrical supply.

This paper is aimed at giving the newcomer to ORE, both wind and Marine Hydro Kinetic (MHK) devices, an awareness and understanding of the basics. This includes what is needed to garner energy from natural offshore resources, what some of the issues/challenges are, and what some of the currently proposed solutions are and where they are in their maturity. Also included is a resource and reference list where further information may be obtained.

This is not a definitive dialogue of everything that is happening in the ORE arena, but more an overview, orientation and guideline for the early entrant.

This paper is focused on the physical and technical issues and does not endeavor to get into details regarding the financial and economics questions and details. The economic and financial element of this emerging industry is a very complex issue with many variables and deserves its own focus.
IL-21 Enhances the Development of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer: Possible Involvement of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression
Authors: Araki Akemi , Jin Lianjin , Nara Hidetoshi , Takeda Yuji , Nemoto Nobuhito , Gazi Md Yeashin , Asao Hironobu
Published: April 2019

Inflammatory bowel diseases are known to be the origin of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). We previously reported that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis is exacerbated in mouse-IL-21-isoform transgenic (Tg) mice. In this study, we assessed the CAC development induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS in our Tg mice. AOM-DSS–induced tumor development was dramatically increased in the Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. IL-21 is known to enhance activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression in B cells and induce Ab class switching. In contrast, the AID expression in cells other than B cells initiates tumor development in many tissues. Therefore, we investigated whether IL-21 induces the AID expression in the large intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during CAC development. AID gene and protein expression was increased in the IECs of AOM-DSS– or DSS-treated Tg mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Furthermore, we confirmed IL-21 induced AID gene expression in the purified IECs ex vivo. The present study also showed IL-21R gene expression in unstimulated wild-type mouse IECs, and this gene expression was augmented by TNF-α stimulation. The IL-21R expression and IL-21–induced AID gene activation were further confirmed in the Colon-38 cell line. Taken together, IL-21 may be involved in increasing the risk of CAC by enhancing the AID expression in IECs.
Strain-Specific Manifestation of Lupus-like Systemic Autoimmunity Caused by Zap70 Mutation
Authors: Matsuo Takashi , Hashimoto Motomu , Sakaguchi Shimon , Sakaguchi Noriko , Ito Yoshinaga , Hikida Masaki , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Sakai Kaoru , Yokoi Hideki , Shirakashi Mirei , Tanaka Masao , Ito Hiromu , Yoshifuji Hajime , Ohmura Koichiro , Fujii Takao , Mimori Tsuneyo
Published: April 2019

A defect in TCR-proximal signaling is a major characteristic of CD4 T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus; however, it is not fully known how defects in TCR signaling lead to lupus-like systemic autoimmunity characterized by germinal center development and autoantibody production against nuclear Ags. In this study, we show that SKG mice, which develop autoimmune arthritis in a BALB/c background due to defective TCR signaling by a Zap70 mutation, develop lupus-like systemic autoimmune disease in the C57BL/6 (B6) background (B6SKG mice). B6SKG mice showed multiorgan inflammation with immune complex deposition and anti-dsDNA Ab production. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh), which help germinal center formation, were spontaneously expanded in B6SKG mice. Th cells secreting IFN-γ or IL-17 and regulatory T cells were also increased in B6SKG mice compared with wild-type B6 mice, with the regulatory T cell subpopulation losing the expression of CD25. Among the factors related to Tfh differentiation, the number of dendritic cells and the expression levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and ICOSL in dendritic cells but not in B cells were specifically increased in wild-type B6 mice compared with BALB/c mice. The inhibition of these costimulatory molecules suppressed Tfh development and lupus-like autoimmunity. Thus, a defect in TCR-proximal signaling leads to lupus-like systemic autoimmunity under the specific genetic background that facilitates Tfh development.
Experimental Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Metal Foam Flow Field
Authors: Xie Xu , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhu Mengqian , Zhang Guobin , Wu Siyuan , Jiao Kui , Park Jae Wan
Published: April 2019

Compared with conventional flow field, metal foam has been increasingly used for gas distributor in the PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell due to its high porosity and conductivity, which significantly enhances the species transport under high current density condition. In this study, the cell performances with metal foam and graphite parallel flow field are compared under normal and subzero temperature conditions. Besides, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is recorded to characterize the Ohmic, polarization and polarization resistance. Under normal condition, the cell with metal foam exhibits three times better performance than the one with parallel flow field. Meanwhile, the effects of inlet gas humidity and flow rates on cell performance are also studied, indicating that the cathode flooding easily occurs due to its difficult water removal. However, the high flow rate can greatly ease the cathode water flooding. Under subzero temperature condition, metal foam cell shows higher startup voltage and better ice storage capability. In addition, the effects of start-up temperature and current density on cold start performance of PEM fuel cell are studied and the high frequency resistance (HFR) is also utilized to characterize the water content and ice formation/melting in cell. The experimental results show that low initial water content, high startup temperature, and low startup current density are beneficial to PEM fuel cell cold start performance. Overall, the results shown in this study will facilitate a further understanding of the PEM fuel cell with metal foam flow field.
An Analysis of Sport Bike Motorcycle Dynamics during Front Wheel Over-Braking
Authors: Fatzinger Edward , Landerville Jon , Bonsall Jeffrey , Simacek Daniel
Published: April 2019

There is extensive literature on motorcycle skid/brake to stop testing on a host of motorcycle types, rider experience, brake system configurations and the associated deceleration rates. Very little information exists on deceleration rates involved with over-braking the front wheel. The subject of this paper addresses the deceleration rates of sport bike type motorcycles during over-braking of the front wheel. Based on the physics of a two-wheeled vehicle like the motorcycle, once the front wheel is over-braked and becomes locked, the rider has very little time to recover from the skid and often times falls. Another over-braking scenario, especially on sport bike type motorcycles, is the possibility of the rear wheel lifting and pitching over the front wheel. During the initial phase of braking, weight transfer to the front wheel occurs creating a greater level of traction. As the motorcycle begins to fall or pitch over, the weight on the front wheel decreases significantly and therefore the frictional force decreases significantly as well. The goal of this publication was to perform maximum front wheel brake testing that involves front wheel skid-to-fall as well as front wheel brake-to-pitch over scenarios on various sport bike motorcycles and determine an applicable deceleration rate.

Three motorcycles; a 2002 Kawasaki ZRX1200R, a 2006 Yamaha YZF-R6, and a 2013 Ninja EX300 were subject to various maximum front wheel brake tests. The speed of the motorcycle at brake application ranged from 50 to 60 mph. The results of the testing concluded that the average deceleration rates during front wheel skid-to-fall tests were in the range of 0.32-0.8g depending on the lean angle of the motorcycle at brake application. The average deceleration rates for the front wheel brake-to-pitch over tests were in the range of 0.8-0.86g.
Contribuições da ginástica laboral para qualidade de vida dos servidores de uma universidade estadual
Authors: Medeiros Ana Gabriela Alves , Tomaz Ramon De Souza , Carvalho Karina Silva , Dos Santos Saul Ricardo , Almeida Ingred Laila Da Silva
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o projeto de extensão: Ginástica Laboral para servidores da Universidade do Estado da Bahia - Campus XII, que teve como objetivo oferecer aulas de ginástica para os trabalhadores da referida instituição, a fim de contribuir para a qualidade de vida dos mesmos, sobretudo, no que se refere à orientação e oportunidade de prática regular de exercícios físicos e também para a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Durante todo o projeto foi possível identificar as contribuições da Ginástica Laboral para os servidores, através das expressões ao realizarem as atividades, em especial nas recreativas, nas expectativas quanto às atividades seguintes, na interação social atuando sobre a timidez de alguns participantes, nos diálogos informais a respeito da permanência do projeto, nas respostas dos questionários e no tocante a diminuição de dores musculares, e na compreensão da importância da Ginástica Laboral.
Abordagem fisioterapêutica no Centro Multidisciplinar de Dor Orofacial da UFSC: um relato de experiência
Authors: Niszezak Cleide Mara , Schlickmann de Freitas Maynara , Pereira do Nascimento Luiza , Marion Kuntze Morgane , Berretta Fernanda , Mendes de Souza Beatriz Dulcinéia , Porporatti André Luís
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as atividades fisioterapêuticas desenvolvidas no Centro Multidisciplinar de Dor Orofacial (CEMDOR) do curso de Odontologia da UFSC no período de março a julho de 2018. O CEMDOR realiza diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes com Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTM), Distúrbios do Sono e Dor Orofacial por meio da integração de diversos profissionais da área da saúde. Junto aos alunos de Odontologia, os fisioterapeutas participam das anamneses e planejamentos dos casos, além de realizarem tratamentos específicos da área. Esses tratamentos baseiam-se em exercícios, liberações miofasciais e de pontos gatilho, orientações domiciliares, alongamentos, técnicas de mobilização articular, osteopatia, reeducação postural e respiratória, entre outras. Durante os tratamentos, pode-se evidenciar melhora em relação à amplitude de movimento, do quadro de dor, além da recuperação da função e fortalecimento do sistema musculoesquelético. Esses achados demonstram que a fisioterapia tem papel fundamental na melhora e controle das DTMs e dores orofaciais, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Prática extensionista no terceiro setor: capacitação para a comunicação na mídia social digital Facebook
Authors: Lutz Kássia Nadine , Machado Jones
Published: April 2019

O projeto de extensão “Formação de Multiplicadores em Mídias Digitais para Organizações do Terceiro Setor” foi desenvolvido no ano de 2017, em Frederico Westphalen (RS), na Apae, Cufa e Feira do Produtor. Sabendo que a midiatização modifica as relações sociais, principalmente no ambiente digital, o objetivo do projeto foi capacitar gestores e voluntários de ONGs para uma atuação planejada em mídias digitais, contribuindo para a comunicação organizacional e para a missão das entidades. Diante disso e levando em conta as premissas da extensão universitária e das Relações Públicas no Terceiro Setor, realizou-se entrevista aberta com os gestores das organizações e observação não-participante de suas fanpages para o diagnóstico da comunicação digital. Em seguida, foi planejado o conteúdo das oficinas, elaborado o material didático e a cartilha de presença e atuação em mídias digitais. Após o desenvolvimento das ações, percebeu-se que foi apenas o começo da “formação de multiplicadores”, pois o nível de conhecimento sobre mídias digitais nas entidades ainda é básico.
Development of an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for measurements of ambient glyoxal and NO2 in a polluted urban environment
Authors: Liang Shuaixi , Qin Min , Xie Pinhua , Duan Jun , Fang Wu , He Yabai , Xu Jin , Liu Jingwei , Li Xin , Tang Ke , Meng Fanhao , Ye Kaidi , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We report the development of an instrument for
simultaneous fast measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO) and NO2 based on
incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) in
the 438–465 nm wavelength region. The highly reflective cavity mirrors
were protected from contamination by N2 purge gas. The reduction of the
effective cavity length was calibrated by measuring collision-induced oxygen
absorption at ∼477 nm of pure oxygen gas input with and
without the N2 mirror purge gas. The detection limits of the developed
system were evaluated to be 23 parts per trillion by volume (pptv, 2σ) for CHOCHO and 29 pptv (2σ) for NO2 with a 30 s acquisition
time. A potential cross-interference of NO2 absorption on
accurate CHOCHO measurements has been investigated in this study, as the
absorption of NO2 in the atmosphere could often be several hundred-fold
higher than that of glyoxal, especially in contaminated areas. Due to
non-linear spectrometer dispersion, simulation spectra of NO2 based on
traditional convolution simulation did not match the measurement spectra
well enough. In this work, we applied actual NO2 spectral profile
measured by the same spectrometer as a reference spectral profile in
subsequent atmospheric spectral analysis and retrieval of NO2 and
CHOCHO concentrations. This effectively reduced the spectral fitting
residuals. The instrument was successfully deployed for 24 d of
continuous measurements of CHOCHO and NO2 in the atmosphere in a
comprehensive field campaign in Beijing in June 2017.
Comprehensive characterization of an aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter sample that maintained ice nucleation activity for 48 years
Authors: Vasebi Yalda , Mechan Llontop Marco E. , Hanlon Regina , Schmale III David G. , Schnell Russell , Vinatzer Boris A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Decaying vegetation was determined to be a potentially important source of
atmospheric ice nucleation particles (INPs) in the early 1970s. The bacterium
Pseudomonas syringae was the first microorganism with ice nucleation
activity (INA) isolated from decaying leaf litter in 1974. However, the ice
nucleation characteristics of P. syringae are not compatible with
the characteristics of leaf litter-derived INPs since the latter were found
to be sub-micron in size, while INA of P. syringae depends on much
larger intact bacterial cells. Here we determined the cumulative ice
nucleation spectrum and microbial community composition of the historic leaf
litter sample 70-S-14 collected in 1970 that conserved INA for 48 years. The
majority of the leaf litter-derived INPs were confirmed to be sub-micron in
size and to be sensitive to boiling. Culture-independent microbial community
analysis only identified Pseudomonas as potential INA.
Culture-dependent analysis identified one P. syringae isolate, two
isolates of the bacterial species Pantoea ananatis, and one fungal
isolate of Mortierella alpina as having INA among 1170 bacterial
colonies and 277 fungal isolates, respectively. Both Pa. ananatis
and M. alpina are organisms that produce heat-sensitive sub-micron
INPs. They are thus both likely sources of the INPs present in sample 70-S-14
and may represent important terrestrial sources of atmospheric INPs, a
conclusion that is in line with other recent results obtained in regard to
INPs from soil, precipitation, and the atmosphere.
Co-located contemporaneous mapping of morphological,
hydrological, chemical, and biological conditions in a 5th order
mountain stream network, Oregon, USA
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Zarnetske Jay P. , Baranov Viktor , Blaen Phillip J. , Brekenfeld Nicolai , Chu Rosalie , Derelle Romain , Drummond Jennifer , Fleckenstein Jan , Garayburu-Caruso Vanessa , Graham Emily , Hannah David , Harman Ciaran , Hixson Jase , Knapp Julia L. A. , Krause Stefan , Kurz Marie J. , Lewandowski Jörg , Li Angang , Martí Eugènia , Miller Melinda , Milner Alexander M. , Neil Kerry , Orsini Luisa , Packman Aaron I. , Plont Stephen , Renteria Lupita , Roche Kevin , Royer Todd , Schmadel Noah M. , Segura Catalina , Stegen James , Toyoda Jason , Hager Jacqueline , Wisnoski Nathan I. , Wondzell Steven M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A comprehensive set of measurements and calculated metrics describing physical, chemical, and biological conditions in the river corridor is presented. These data were collected in a catchment-wide, synoptic campaign in Lookout Creek within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Cascade Mountains, Oregon, USA) in summer 2016 during low discharge conditions. Extensive characterization of 62 sites including surface water, hyporheic water, and streambed sediment was conducted spanning 1st through 5th order reaches in the river network. The objective of the sample design and data acquisition was to generate a novel data set to support scaling of river corridor processes across varying flows and morphologic forms present in a river network. The data are available at http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/f4484e0703f743c696c2e1f209abb842 (Ward, 2019).
A synthesis of three decades of hydrological research at Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada
Authors: Quinton William , Berg Aaron , Braverman Michael , Carpino Olivia , Chasmer Laura , Connon Ryan , Craig James , Devoie Élise , Hayashi Masaki , Haynes Kristine , Olefeldt David , Pietroniro Alain , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Schincariol Robert , Sonnentag Oliver
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, has
been the focus of hydrological research for nearly three decades. Over this
period, field and modelling studies have generated new insights into the
thermal and physical mechanisms governing the flux and storage of water in
the wetland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost that characterises
much of the Canadian and circumpolar subarctic. Research at Scotty Creek
has coincided with a period of unprecedented climate warming, permafrost
thaw, and resulting land cover transformations including the expansion of
wetland areas and loss of forests. This paper (1) synthesises field and
modelling studies at Scotty Creek, (2) highlights the key insights of these
studies on the major water flux and storage processes operating within and
between the major land cover types, and (3) provides insights into the rate
and pattern of the permafrost-thaw-induced land cover change and how such
changes will affect the hydrology and water resources of the study region.
Open-source Arduino-compatible data loggers designed for field research
Authors: Wickert Andrew D. , Sandell Chad T. , Schulz Bobby , Ng Gene-Hua Crystal
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Automated electronic data loggers revolutionized environmental monitoring by
enabling reliable high-frequency measurements. However, the potential to
monitor the complex environmental interactions involved in global change has
not been fully realized due to the high cost and lack of modularity of
commercially available data loggers. Responding to this need, we developed
the ALog (Arduino logger) series of three open-source data loggers, based on the popular and
easy-to-program Arduino microcontroller platform. ALog data loggers are low
cost, lightweight, and low power; they function between −30 and
+60 ∘C, can be powered by readily available alkaline batteries, and
can store up to 32 GB of data locally. They are compatible with standard
environmental sensors, and the ALog firmware library may be expanded to add
additional sensor support. The ALog has measured parameters linked to
weather, streamflow, and glacier melt during deployments of days to years at
field sites in the USA, Canada, Argentina, and Ecuador. The result of this
work is a robust and field-tested open-source data logger that is the direct
descendant of dozens of individuals' contributions to the growing open-source
electronics movement.
Economics of Arbitrability in International IP Contracting
Authors: Dels Sants Mirambell Fargas Miquel
Published: April 2019

IP arbitrability in international commercial disputes enshrines the friction between traders and holders, between private contracts and public registers, between party autonomy and mandatory rules. Particularly, non‑arbitrability of invalidity defenses concerning registered industrial intellectual property rights has been insufficiently analyzed as a crucial matter of recognition and enforcement of international awards. Consequently, a sound economic rationale on grounds of competitive advantages is disregarded in too many instances. Having regarded the ever‑growing importance of IP rights for companies’ productivity and today’s primary use of arbitration in cross‑border contracting, the present research aims at pointing that out. It applies a transaction cost economics approach and takes into account the legal comparative background. The study finally examines arbitrability of IP validity with inter‑partes effect as an operable solution and the advantages of a predictable model as was early adopted by the United States.
Elección de carreras universitarias con perspectiva de género, Perú 2017
Authors: Veramendi Villavicencios Nancy Guillermina , Barrionuevo Torres Clorinda Natividad , Portocarrero Merino Ewer , Barrionuevo Torres Laura Carmen , Rojas Cotrina Amancio Ricardo , Lazo Salcedo Ciro Ángel , Santillán Oliva Erasmo
Published: April 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la elección de carreras universitarias con perspectiva de género. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo simple con 297 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán de Huánuco, durante el período 2017. Los datos se obtuvieron de la aplicación de un cuestionario relacionado a las carreras profesionales según género. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las Pruebas de comparación de proporciones, T Student y Chi cuadrada de bondad de ajuste. Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación, nos demuestra que existen diferencias en la mitad de las carreras profesionales según sexo, como Ciencias Agrarias, Psicología, Enfermería, Obstetricia, Ciencias de la Educación, Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura e Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas. También, existen diferencias en cuanto a los motivos de la carrera profesional elegida según sexo, ya que las personales están dominadas por el sexo femenino y la de materiales y sociales por el sexo masculino. Y, predominan profesiones marcadas según sexo, masculinas (Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura), femeninas (Obstetricia) y mixtas (Ciencias Económicas y Ciencias Sociales), estos resultados fueron significativos estadísticamente (p≤0,05) y también apoyados por varios estudios. Entre las conclusiones de la investigación se ha determinado que todavía encontramos estereotipos de género en cuanto a la elección de las carreras profesionales.
Percepción de violencia y sexismo en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Castillo Acobo Roxana Yolanda , Choqque Soto Sandra Roxana
Published: April 2019

El estudio indaga sobre las relaciones de pareja de los estudiantes universitarios, por cuanto muchas veces los estudiantes que no participan con regularidad en su formación académica, indican sentirse afectados por relaciones afectivas que les causan desmotivación, depresión, cambios de alimentación, estados emocionales alterados, dependencia emocional. El objetivo es analizar las percepciones de los estudiantes en torno a la violencia, sexismo desde una perspectiva de género que crean sujeción o subordinación en las relaciones de pareja. Participaron 250 estudiantes, 115 hombres y 110 mujeres, elegidos de forma aleatoria simple de las 47 escuelas profesionales áreas de biomédicas, ingenierías y sociales; se aplicó la escala estandarizada sobre Afectividad y Sexismo del Instituto Andaluz de la Mujer (2001). Los resultados según escala indican que los y las estudiantes “están de acuerdo y tienen” información de las desigualdades existentes entre hombres, mujeres y que la violencia sexista afecta a las mujeres. Tipifican a los hombres como agresivos, más violentos. Reconocen que las mujeres al callar y aguantar situaciones de violencia las expone a violencia de género, acoso sexual u otros. Sin embargo, siendo los códigos de cotejo muy sutiles éstos crean percepciones que claramente tipifican al sexismo benévolo y paternalista, además de ser resultado de la socialización diferencial de género, hace a las mujeres más emocionales.
Violencia simbólica en las actividades laborales de las docentes en la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) La Paz - Bolivia
Authors: Alarcón Velasco Valentina Rosario
Published: April 2019

En el presente trabajo investigativo se identificó y analizó las formas y expresiones de la violencia simbólica, bajo el enfoque teórico y conceptual del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, las cuales suelen estar encubiertas en la sociedad. Éstas son ejercidas sobre mujeres que son docentes y autoridades universitarias que ocuparon u ocupan en la actualidad cargos jerárquicos en la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) en La Paz, Bolivia. Se constató la formación social de un menosprecio, discriminación y segregación contra la academia constituida por mujeres, la misma que inﬂuye, en la configuración de la estructura política de la citada universidad. Se encontró una reproducción social de las estructuras patriarcales que socavan las relaciones sociales e institucionales en la universidad. Para poder llegar a estos resultados, se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto, o lo que se ha denominado como metodología cuantitativa-cualitativa, concentrándose en lograr una mayor comprensión y explicación del estudio realizado. Con la metodología cuantitativa se pudo demostrar las diferencias numéricas de género con datos construidos con el apoyo del Departamento de Sistemas de Información Estadística (DSIE) de la UMSA y de ese modo se profundizó gracias a la aplicación de herramientas y técnicas de investigación de la metodología cualitativa, específicamente, se realizó una entrevista semi-estructurada a profundidad a 13 docente mujeres de todas las facultades de la universidad, se valoró la apertura de las entrevistadas para abordar un tema delicado y personal como el presentado en este trabajo investigativo.
Deudas pendientes en materia de género en la Universidad Católica del Maule
Authors: Cornejo Espejo Juan
Published: April 2019

El capítulo, escrito a modo de ensayo, tiene como propósito reﬂexionar críticamente acerca de los avances, nudos críticos y resistencias culturales e institucionales que ha experimentado la UCM en los últimos años en materia de equidad e igualdad género. Con el propósito de visualizar esas tensiones se ha privilegiado el análisis de la documentación oficial a fin de identificar la presencia de lenguaje no sexista e inclusivo, además de conocer las políticas e iniciativas de género desarrollados por la institución en la última década, ya sea a través de orientaciones, estrategias y reivindicaciones académicas, o ya sea, a través de programas específicos de formación. La conclusión a la que se llega es que la UCM no sólo no evidencia un lenguaje no sexista e inclusivo en su documentación oficial, sino que muchas de las prácticas de sus autoridades podrían ser calificadas de autoritarias y arbitrarias, pese a que un número creciente de mujeres ha ocupado cargos directivos en los últimos años. Ellas más bien, parecieran reproducir y perpetuar dichas prácticas. Asimismo, se constatan resistencias institucionales al desarrollo de investigaciones cuyo eje central de reﬂexión son los estudios de género, desaprovechando con ello las posibilidades que le ofrecen las enseñanzas doctrinales para introducir mayores dosis de respeto y tolerancia. Todo lo anterior permite afirmar que aún son muchas las deudas en materia de género e inclusión que la UCM deberá intentar saldar a la brevedad, si realmente quiere ser fiel a su propia vocación de universidad católica.
Introducción del enfoque de género en las carreras de la Universidad de La Habana : el caso de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Psicología y Sociología
Authors: Caram León Tania , Tejuca Martínez Mayra , Ávila Vargas Niuva , Díaz Pérez Danay , Fundora Nevot Geydis
Published: April 2019

En la época de desigualdades en que vivimos, una de las más significativas es la de género. La importancia de su inclusión en los diferentes niveles de educación, y específicamente en las carreras universitarias, ha sido tratada en numerosos estudios dentro y fuera del país. En esta investigación pretendemos analizar comparativamente el proceso de introducción de la perspectiva de género en las carreras Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Psicología y Sociología, atendiendo a los planes de estudio D y E en la Universidad de La Habana (UH) mediante análisis de documentos y entrevistas a Expertos.
La igualdad de género en la docencia universitaria : transitando de la universalidad a la especificidad
Authors: Merma Molina Gladys , Ávalos Ramos María Alejandra , Martínez Ruíz María Ángeles
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si se incluye o no, y cómo se integra en su caso, el significado y alcance de la igualdad de género entre mujeres y hombres en la docencia universitaria. En la investigación, con enfoque cualitativo, participaron 25 profesores de los siete centros de la Universidad de Alicante. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue una entrevista narrativa diseñada ad hoc para el estudio. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software Aquad 7. Los hallazgos destacan que el profesorado considera que el enfoque de género es relevante en la docencia universitaria, aunque hay una considerable presencia de voces que señalan que no lo es, e incluso afirman que le quita calidad a los contenidos de las materias que imparten. Asimismo, los docentes que lo integran o están a favor de ello o arguyen que no requieren formación específica, aunque contradictoriamente destacan la existencia de factores limitantes como la complejidad y el desconocimiento del tema y la falta de referentes femeninas en su ámbito de conocimiento. Se concluye que la incorporación de la perspectiva de género no ha llegado a las aulas universitarias, que el marco legislativo en materia de género no ha tenido resultados efectivos ni funcionales, que hay una resistencia del profesorado para su inclusión en la docencia, y que la integración del género obedece a la voluntad solo de algunos profesores que están parcialmente convencidos de su beneficio y necesidad.
Mujeres directivas : el otro lado de una historia
Authors: Chaveco Asin Kirenia , Cala Montoya Caridad A. , Saint Felix Nuris Avila , Bueno-Videaud DSucel , Carbonel Lahera Neosotis
Published: April 2019

La violencia de género constituye uno de los problemas sociales que actualmente lacera con más vehemencia a las mujeres, sin distinción de posición económica, clase social, país de origen, grupo etario o raza. En tal sentido, los retos y dicotomías desde el orden teórico-metodológico, aunado a las transformaciones socioeconómicas, políticas, culturales y jurídicas que enfrentan las Ciencias Sociales, hace que la complejidad del fenómeno pase desapercibida y en muchos casos con invisibilidad desde el contraste laboral, familiar y comunitario. Un peso significativo cobra en las mujeres directivas, quienes, bajo los papeles sociales múltiples que debe desempeñar, se mueven constantemente de sujeto violento a objeto de violencia. A la luz de lo anterior, el presente trabajo pretende dar un acercamiento a las principales expresiones de violencia de género sufridas por mujeres directivas de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Oriente, en aras de contribuir a las estrategias de prevención institucional dirigidas hacia este sector. La investigación propuesta es de tipo descriptiva; responde a la fase exploratoria del análisis de la violencia de género desde las mujeres dirigentes. Se trabajó de forma integrada con aspectos de la metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa en virtud de ofrecer la posibilidad de poner al descubierto una plataforma de problemáticas asociadas con la violencia de género, sea esta simbólica, psicológica o estructurada. Las manifestaciones de violencia en mujeres directivas es una realidad que muy pocas veces reconocemos, sin embargo, marcan inevitablemente una dinámica de relaciones que pueden dibujar algunas grietas de violencias en el ámbito laboral.
Mujeres académicas y violencia de género en una universidad de frontera
Authors: Orellana Sara Elizabeth , Soria Gabriela , Burgos Eugenia , Bensi Ángeles
Published: April 2019

La violencia de género históricamente ha atravesado los diferentes contextos de inserción profesional de las mujeres, como un reﬂejo de la estructura patriarcal predominante. La universidad, como espacio social, no es ajena a esta situación. Por ello, se consideró imprescindible analizar el tema de la violencia de género contra las mujeres desde una perspectiva teórico-metodológica que considere su complejidad en los ámbitos político, cultural, social, institucional, así como de los engranajes que la constituyen en su especificidad. Romper el ocultamiento y los silencios en torno al problema de la violencia patriarcal en todas sus formas, ponerlo en palabras desde el espacio social de la universidad, es un paso importante para visibilizarlo, analizarlo, desnaturalizarlo y prevenirlo. Desde el contexto del norte argentino, en la provincia de Salta, el presente artículo comparte experiencias de mujeres académicas respecto a tipos, modalidades, abordajes y desafíos vinculados con la violencia de género en el marco de una universidad pública de frontera. No cabe duda de que, desde nuestra condición humana, resultan impostergables en el aquí y ahora acciones de protección para las mujeres que sufren situaciones de violencia de género, sin embargo, nuestro accionar no puede limitarse o contentarse solo con ello. Es necesario abocarnos al trabajo conjunto de soñar, pensar y construir espacios sociales más igualitarios que resquebrajen los fundamentos de la violencia de género.
The Determinants of Profitability of Non-Bank Financial Institutions in Bangladesh
Authors: Imtiaz Md. Farhan , Mahmud Khaled , Faisal Md. Shahed
Published: April 2019

The non-bank financial institutions (NBFI) industry is considered to be an important source of financing in any economy. Stability of earnings is one of the pre-conditions for survival and growth of any industry in the long run. Keeping the importance of profitability in mind, this paper tries to find out the major financial factors affecting the profitability of the NBFI industry in Bangladesh and evaluate the aspects of the findings. The data was collected for 12 different NBFIs for a period of five years (2013-2017). Return on equity was defined as the dependent variable while firm size, capital adequacy ratio, loan ratio, non-performing loan ratio, deposit ratio, net interest margin, non-interest income margin and cost to income ratio were identified as explanatory or independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was conducted on the data to test the research hypotheses. The findings of the study show that capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, non-performing loan ratio and net interest margin were statistically significant at 5% level. Firm size, loan ratio, net interest margin and non-interest income margin show positive relationship with profitability whereas capital adequacy ratio, deposit ratio, non-performing loan ratio and cost to income ratio show negative relationship with profitability. Non-performing loan ratio and net interest margin were found to have a considerable impact on profitability of NBFIs. This is further supported by the fact that non-performing loans do not generate any income and net interest income is considered the main source of income for a financial institution. The study recommends that the NBFIs in Bangladesh give due attention to these factors to improve their financial performance.
Editorial
Authors: Metze Tamara
Published: April 2019

Editorial

This editorial offers an introduction to the current issue.
De Europese vakbeweging en de vormgeving van sociaal beleid
Authors: Boumans Saskia
Published: April 2019

The European trade union movement and social Europe

The European project currently faces not only an economic crisis, but a moral one as well. The economic growth model of social justice combined with market-oriented policies, also referred to as the European social model has lost much of its meaning after ten years of austerity and financial calamities. In 2012 ECB President Draghi says in the Wall Street Journal that the European social model is “gone”, a thing of the past. While only a couple of years later the European Pillar of Social Rights is put in place. What is happening with ‘Social Europe’? And how do trade unions, as a historical motor of social policy in the member states, relate to the European social model, especially since the financial crisis. This article deals with the position of trade unions vis-à-vis European social policy and the European institutions. The European social model, economic governance and the collective bargaining system are discussed as examples of post-crisis European social policy. It will be argued that although the European Commission gives institutional space to social policy and to a role for trade unions, it has always been subordinate to economic integration. And moreover that the recent economic crisis is used at the European level to obtain almost complete control over social policy in the member states.
De schuldencrisis in de eurozone: oorzaken, aanpak en implicaties
Authors: Overbeek Henk
Published: April 2019

The Eurozone crisis

Ten years ago, now, the Eurozone began to shake on its foundations. This article traces the genesis of the crisis and the present state of affairs. As to the causes of the global financial crisis in 2008, I argue that contrary to common understanding, the financial crisis had its deeper causes in a decades old tendency towards crisis in the real economy, produced by the continuous overaccumulation of capital which can only return profits by undertaking speculative short-term investments (a phenomenon known as ‘financialisation’). I then trace how the global financial crisis morphed into a crisis of public deficits and debt in 2010-2011, particularly in the Eurozone. Three factors are shown to be responsible: financialization, design faults in the European monetary union, and the neo-mercantilist strategy of especially Germany and the Netherlands. The paper next looks at the five main traits of the policy responses in the Eurozone: bailing out governments and banks through creating emergency funds; imposition of austerity and budget discipline for member state governments; attempting to create and complete a Eurozone banking union; subsequently the European Central Bank engaged on an unprecedented scale in ‘quantitative easing’; and finally, institutional reform in an attempt to repair the most pressing design faults of the EMU. The paper concludes that the underlying structural factors leading up to the crisis have only been addressed incompletely: the overaccumulation of capital continues, the completion of the banking union is in an impasse, quantitative easing has mostly just intensified financialization by pushing up asset prizes, and institutional reform has taken the form of a fundamentally undemocratic attempt at monetary and political union by stealth. The broader legitimacy of the European project has been substantially undermined, and Europe is not in a better position than eight years ago in case of a new global crisis.
Seniors, vermijd wreed optimisme en gebruik je positie
Authors: La Grouw Yvonne
Published: April 2019

Publish or perish; cruel optimism

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Neoliberalen stellen een heel belangrijke vraag
Authors: Bannink Duco
Published: April 2019

Neoliberals pose a very important question

In this feature authors review recently published books on subjects of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Investigation of the Friction Coefficient of Seersucker Woven Fabrics
Authors: Frącczak Łukasz , Matusiak Małgorzata , Zgórniak Piotr
Published: April 2019

At present, seersucker woven fabrics are increasingly used for the manufacturing of clothing. These fabrics are created in the weaving process as a result of the different tension of two sets of warp threads: basic and puckering. Seersucker woven fabrics applied in properly designed clothing have an ability to massage the body while wearing such clothing. In order to cinduct a detailed analysis of the massaging process during the clothing usage, it is necessary to examine the phenomena occurring during the massaging. Friction is one of the most important phenomena influencing the massaging process. Due to the nature of seersucker woven fabrics, measurement of the friction coefficient is difficult. This paper presents the problems related to measurement of the coefficient of friction for an exemplary seersucker fabric. The work contains a description of the measurement method proposed and the consequences resulting from its application.