bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective sister chromatid cohesion is synthetically lethal with impaired APC/C function
Authors: de Lange Job , Faramarz Atiq , Oostra Anneke B. , de Menezes Renee X. , van der Meulen Ida H. , Rooimans Martin A. , Rockx Davy A. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , van Beusechem Victor W. , King Randall W. , de Winter Johan P. , Wolthuis Rob M. F.
Published: October 2015

Warsaw breakage syndrome (WABS) is caused by defective DDX11, a DNA helicase that is essential for chromatid cohesion. Here, a paired genome-wide siRNA screen in patient-derived cell lines reveals that WABS cells do not tolerate partial depletion of individual APC/C subunits or the spindle checkpoint inhibitor p31comet. A combination of reduced cohesion and impaired APC/C function also leads to fatal mitotic arrest in diploid RPE1 cells. Moreover, WABS cell lines, and several cancer cell lines with cohesion defects, display a highly increased response to a new cell-permeable APC/C inhibitor, apcin, but not to the spindle poison paclitaxel. Synthetic lethality of APC/C inhibition and cohesion defects strictly depends on a functional mitotic spindle checkpoint as well as on intact microtubule pulling forces. This indicates that the underlying mechanism involves cohesion fatigue in response to mitotic delay, leading to spindle checkpoint re-activation and lethal mitotic arrest. Our results point to APC/C inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents targeting cohesion-defective cancers.
Controllability of structural brain networks
Authors: Gu Shi , Pasqualetti Fabio , Cieslak Matthew , Telesford Qawi K. , Yu Alfred B. , Kahn Ari E. , Medaglia John D. , Vettel Jean M. , Miller Michael B. , Grafton Scott T. , Bassett Danielle S.
Published: October 2015

Cognitive function is driven by dynamic interactions between large-scale neural circuits or networks, enabling behaviour. However, fundamental principles constraining these dynamic network processes have remained elusive. Here we use tools from control and network theories to offer a mechanistic explanation for how the brain moves between cognitive states drawn from the network organization of white matter microstructure. Our results suggest that densely connected areas, particularly in the default mode system, facilitate the movement of the brain to many easily reachable states. Weakly connected areas, particularly in cognitive control systems, facilitate the movement of the brain to difficult-to-reach states. Areas located on the boundary between network communities, particularly in attentional control systems, facilitate the integration or segregation of diverse cognitive systems. Our results suggest that structural network differences between cognitive circuits dictate their distinct roles in controlling trajectories of brain network function.
Obesity, low levels of physical activity and smoking present opportunities for primary care asthma interventions: an analysis of baseline data from The Asthma Tools Study
Authors: Yawn Barbara P , Rank Matthew A , Bertram Susan L , Wollan Peter C
Published: October 2015

Background:

Asthma prevalence, severity and outcomes are associated with various patient characteristics and lifestyle choices.

Aims:

To identify potentially modifiable factors associated with poor asthma outcomes among US primary care patients.

Methods:

Using baseline data from the Asthma Tools Study, we calculated cross-sectional frequencies of activity levels, smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and the presence of obesity, as well as rates of out-of-control asthma and asthma exacerbations. Frequencies were stratified by sex, and into three age groups: 5–11 years, 12–18 years and 19 years and older. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with each of the asthma outcomes.

Results:

In the 901 individuals enrolled in this asthma study, tobacco smoke exposure, obesity, low activity levels, poverty, inadequately controlled asthma and high asthma-related health-care utilisation were common. Across all age groups, obesity was associated with poorer asthma outcomes: either poor asthma control (odds ratio (OR)=2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.7 in 5- to 11-year-olds and OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2 in adults) or asthma exacerbations (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.1 in 12- to 18-year-olds and OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5 in adults). Among adults, smoking was associated with both measures of poorer asthma outcomes; inadequate asthma control (OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5), and asthma exacerbations (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6), and low physical activity were associated with poor asthma control (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2).

Conclusions:

Obesity, low levels of physical activity and smoking are common, and they are associated with poor asthma outcomes in a sample of primary care patients, suggesting important targets for intervention.
An optogenetic system for interrogating the temporal dynamics of Akt
Authors: Katsura Yoshihiro , Kubota Hiroyuki , Kunida Katsuyuki , Kanno Akira , Kuroda Shinya , Ozawa Takeaki
Published: October 2015

The dynamic activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt is crucial for the regulation of diverse cellular functions, but the precise spatiotemporal control of its activity remains a critical issue. Herein, we present a photo-activatable Akt (PA-Akt) system based on a light-inducible protein interaction module of Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome2 (CRY2) and CIB1. Akt fused to CRY2phr, which is a minimal light sensitive domain of CRY2 (CRY2-Akt), is reversibly activated by light illumination in several minutes within a physiological dynamic range and specifically regulates downstream molecules and inducible biological functions. We have generated a computational model of CRY2-Akt activation that allows us to use PA-Akt to control the activity quantitatively. The system provides evidence that the temporal patterns of Akt activity are crucial for generating one of the downstream functions of the Akt-FoxO pathway; the expression of a key gene involved in muscle atrophy (Atrogin-1). The use of an optical module with computational modeling represents a general framework for interrogating the temporal dynamics of biomolecules by predictive manipulation of optogenetic modules.
Stroboscopic phenomena in superconductors with dynamic pinning landscape
Authors: Jelić Ž. L. , Milošević M. V. , Van de Vondel J. , Silhanek A. V.
Published: October 2015

Introducing artificial pinning centers is a well established strategy to trap quantum vortices and increase the maximal magnetic field and applied electric current that a superconductor can sustain without dissipation. In case of spatially periodic pinning, a clear enhancement of the superconducting critical current arises when commensurability between the vortex configurations and the pinning landscape occurs. With recent achievements in (ultrafast) optics and nanoengineered plasmonics it has become possible to exploit the interaction of light with superconductivity and create not only spatially periodic imprints on the superconducting condensate, but also temporally periodic ones. Here we show that in the latter case, temporal matching phenomena develop, caused by stroboscopic commensurability between the characteristic frequency of the vortex motion under applied current and the frequency of the dynamic pinning. The matching resonances persist in a broad parameter space, including magnetic field, driving current, or material purity, giving rise to unusual features such as externally variable resistance/impedance and Shapiro steps in current-voltage characteristics. All features are tunable by the frequency of the dynamic pinning landscape. These findings open further exploration avenues for using flashing, spatially engineered, and/or mobile excitations on superconductors, permitting us to achieve advanced functionalities.
Bridging the translational divide: identical cognitive touchscreen testing in mice and humans carrying mutations in a disease-relevant homologous gene
Authors: Nithianantharajah J. , McKechanie A. G. , Stewart T. J. , Johnstone M. , Blackwood D. H. , St Clair D. , Grant S. G. N. , Bussey T. J. , Saksida L. M.
Published: October 2015

Development of effective therapies for brain disorders has been hampered by a lack of translational cognitive testing methods. We present the first example of using the identical touchscreen-based cognitive test to assess mice and humans carrying disease-related genetic mutations. This new paradigm has significant implications for improving how we measure and model cognitive dysfunction in human disorders in animals, thus bridging the gap towards effective translation to the clinic.
Demonstration of self-truncated ionization injection for GeV electron beams
Authors: Mirzaie M. , Li S. , Zeng M. , Hafz N. A. M. , Chen M. , Li G. Y. , Zhu Q. J. , Liao H. , Sokollik T. , Liu F. , Ma Y. Y. , Chen L.M. , Sheng Z. M. , Zhang J.
Published: October 2015

Ionization-induced injection mechanism was introduced in 2010 to reduce the laser intensity threshold for controllable electron trapping in laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA). However, usually it generates electron beams with continuous energy spectra. Subsequently, a dual-stage target separating the injection and acceleration processes was regarded as essential to achieve narrow energy-spread electron beams by ionization injection. Recently, we numerically proposed a self-truncation scenario of the ionization injection process based upon overshooting of the laser-focusing in plasma which can reduce the electron injection length down to a few hundred micrometers, leading to accelerated beams with extremely low energy-spread in a single-stage. Here, using 100 TW-class laser pulses we report experimental observations of this injection scenario in centimeter-long plasma leading to the generation of narrow energy-spread GeV electron beams, demonstrating its robustness and scalability. Compared with the self-injection and dual-stage schemes, the self-truncated ionization injection generates higher-quality electron beams at lower intensities and densities and is therefore promising for practical applications.
Creation of identical multiple focal spots with prescribed axial distribution
Authors: Yu Yanzhong , Zhan Qiwen
Published: October 2015

We present a scheme for the construction of coaxially equidistant multiple focal spots with identical intensity profiles for each individual focus and a predetermined number and spacing. To achieve this, the radiation field from an antenna is reversed and then gathered by high numerical aperture objective lenses. Radiation patterns from three types of line sources, i.e., the electric current, magnetic current and electromagnetic current distributions, with cosine-squared taper are respectively employed to generate predominately longitudinally polarized bright spots, azimuthally polarized doughnuts and focal spots with a perfect spherically symmetric intensity distribution. The required illuminations at the pupil plane of a 4Pi focusing configuration for the creation of these identical multiple focal spots can be easily derived by solving the inverse problem of the antenna radiation field. These unique focal field distributions may find potential applications in laser direct writing and optical microscopy, as well as multiple-particle trapping, alignment and acceleration along the optical axis.
Chronic mercury exposure in Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic populations in Portugal from the cultural use of cinnabar
Authors: Emslie Steven D. , Brasso Rebecka , Patterson William P. , Carlos Valera António , McKenzie Ashley , Maria Silva Ana , Gleason James D. , Blum Joel D.
Published: October 2015

Cinnabar is a natural mercury sulfide (HgS) mineral of volcanic or hydrothermal origin that is found worldwide. It has been mined prehistorically and historically in China, Japan, Europe and the Americas to extract metallic mercury (Hg0) for use in metallurgy, as a medicinal, a preservative and as a red pigment for body paint and ceramics. Processing cinnabar via combustion releases Hg0 vapor that can be toxic if inhaled. Mercury from cinnabar can also be absorbed through the gut and skin, where it can accumulate in organs and bone. Here, we report moderate to high levels of total mercury (THg) in human bone from three Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic (5400–4100 B.P.) sites in southern Portugal that were likely caused by cultural use of cinnabar. We use light stable isotope and Hg stable isotope tracking to test three hypotheses on the origin of mercury in this prehistoric human bone. We traced Hg in two individuals to cinnabar deposits near Almadén, Spain and conclude that use of this mineral likely caused mild to severe mercury poisoning in the prehistoric population. Our methods have applications to bioarchaeological investigations worldwide and for tracking trade routes and mobility of prehistoric populations where cinnabar use is documented.
Ionic Driven Embedment of Hyaluronic Acid Coated Liposomes in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films for Local Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Hayward Stephen L. , Francis David M. , Sis Matthew J. , Kidambi Srivatsan
Published: October 2015

The ability to control the spatial distribution and temporal release of a therapeutic remains a central challenge for biomedical research. Here, we report the development and optimization of a novel substrate mediated therapeutic delivery system comprising of hyaluronic acid covalently functionalized liposomes (HALNPs) embedded into polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) platform via ionic stabilization. The PEM platform was constructed from sequential deposition of Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and Poly(Sodium styrene sulfonate) (SPS) “(PLL/SPS)4.5” followed by adsorption of anionic HALNPs. An adsorption affinity assay and saturation curve illustrated the preferential HALNP deposition density for precise therapeutic loading. (PLL/SPS)2.5 capping layer on top of the deposited HALNP monolayer further facilitated complete nanoparticle immobilization, cell adhesion and provided nanoparticle confinement for controlled linear release profiles of the nanocarrier and encapsulated cargo. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the successful embedment of a translatable lipid based nanocarrier into a substrate that allows for temporal and spatial release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Specifically, we have utilized our platform to deliver chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin from PEM confined HALNPs. Overall, we believe the development of our HALNP embedded PEM system is significant and will catalyze the usage of substrate mediated delivery platforms in biomedical applications.
Giant Optical Activity of Quantum Dots, Rods and Disks with Screw Dislocations
Authors: Baimuratov Anvar S. , Rukhlenko Ivan D. , Noskov Roman E. , Ginzburg Pavel , Gun’ko Yurii K. , Baranov Alexander V. , Fedorov Anatoly V.
Published: October 2015

For centuries mankind has been modifying the optical properties of materials: first, by elaborating the geometry and composition of structures made of materials found in nature, later by structuring the existing materials at a scale smaller than the operating wavelength. Here we suggest an original approach to introduce optical activity in nanostructured materials, by theoretically demonstrating that conventional achiral semiconducting nanocrystals become optically active in the presence of screw dislocations, which can naturally develop during the nanocrystal growth. We show the new properties to emerge due to the dislocation-induced distortion of the crystal lattice and the associated alteration of the nanocrystal’s electronic subsystem, which essentially modifies its interaction with external optical fields. The g-factors of intraband transitions in our nanocrystals are found comparable with dissymmetry factors of chiral plasmonic complexes and exceeding the typical g-factors of chiral molecules by a factor of 1000. Optically active semiconducting nanocrystals—with chiral properties controllable by the nanocrystal dimensions, morphology, composition and blending ratio—will greatly benefit chemistry, biology and medicine by advancing enantiomeric recognition, sensing and resolution of chiral molecules.
Natural small molecule FMHM inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by promoting TRAF6 degradation via K48-linked polyubiquitination
Authors: Zeng Ke-Wu , Liao Li-Xi , Lv Hai-Ning , Song Fang-Jiao , Yu Qian , Dong Xin , Li Jun , Jiang Yong , Tu Peng-Fei
Published: October 2015

TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a key hub protein involved in Toll-like receptor-dependent inflammatory signaling pathway and it recruits additional proteins to form multiprotein complexes capable of activating downstream NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in various protein degradations, such as TRAF6, leading to inhibitory effects on inflammatory response and immunologic function. However, whether ubiquitination-dependent TRAF6 degradation can be used as a novel anti-inflammatory drug target still remains to be explored. FMHM, a bioactive natural small molecule compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Radix Polygalae, suppressed acute inflammatory response by targeting ubiquitin protein and inducing UPS-dependent TRAF6 degradation mechanism. It was found that FMHM targeted ubiquitin protein via Lys48 site directly induced Lys48 residue-linked polyubiquitination. This promoted Lys48 residue-linked polyubiquitin chain formation on TRAF6, resulting in increased TRAF6 degradation via UPS and inactivation of downstream NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Consequently, FMHM down-regulated inflammatory mediator levels in circulation, protected multiple organs against inflammatory injury in vivo and prolong the survival of endotoxemia mouse models. Therefore, FMHM can serve as a novel lead compound for the development of TRAF6 scavenging agent via ubiquitination-dependent mode, which represents a promising strategy for treating inflammatory diseases.
Navigating through digital folders uses the same brain structures as real world navigation
Authors: Benn Yael , Bergman Ofer , Glazer Liv , Arent Paris , Wilkinson Iain D. , Varley Rosemary , Whittaker Steve
Published: October 2015

Efficient storage and retrieval of digital data is the focus of much commercial and academic attention. With personal computers, there are two main ways to retrieve files: hierarchical navigation and query-based search. In navigation, users move down their virtual folder hierarchy until they reach the folder in which the target item is stored. When searching, users first generate a query specifying some property of the target file (e.g., a word it contains) and then select the relevant file when the search engine returns a set of results. Despite advances in search technology, users prefer retrieving files using virtual folder navigation, rather than the more flexible query-based search. Using fMRI we provide an explanation for this phenomenon by demonstrating that folder navigation results in activation of the posterior limbic (including the retrosplenial cortex) and parahippocampal regions similar to that previously observed during real-world navigation in both animals and humans. In contrast, search activates the left inferior frontal gyrus, commonly observed in linguistic processing. We suggest that the preference for navigation may be due to the triggering of automatic object finding routines and lower dependence on linguistic processing. We conclude with suggestions for future computer systems design.
Inhibition of HIV-1 assembly by coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 in human cells
Authors: Wei Min , Zhao Xia , Liu Mi , Huang Zhi , Xiao Yong , Niu Meijuan , Shao Yiming , Kleiman Lawrence
Published: October 2015

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) major structure protein Gag is synthesized in the cytoplasm, assembles on the plasma membrane, subsequently buds and releases. HIV-1 viral particles incorporate a number of host proteins to facilitate or inhibit HIV-1 replication. Here we identify a new host protein, coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8), in HIV-1 particles. Incorporation of CCDC8 into virions is dependent on the interaction between CCDC8 and Gag matrix region. Exogenous overexpression of CCDC8 can strongly inhibit HIV-1 production, up to ~30 fold. CCDC8 is a membrane-associated protein. The interaction between exogenously expressed CCDC8 and Gag on the plasma membrane changes the assembly of Gag and redirects it into intracellular sites, or causes Gag endocytosis. CCDC8, along with cytoskeleton protein obscuring-like1 (Obsl1) and E3 ligase Cul7, induces Gag polyubiquitination and degradation. Thus we identify a new host protein and a new pathway for HIV-1 Gag polyubiquitination and degradation. This pathway presents potential therapeutic strategies against HIV infection.
Appetitive traits as behavioural pathways in genetic susceptibility to obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Konttinen Hanna , Llewellyn Clare , Wardle Jane , Silventoinen Karri , Joensuu Anni , Männistö Satu , Salomaa Veikko , Jousilahti Pekka , Kaprio Jaakko , Perola Markus , Haukkala Ari
Published: October 2015

The mechanisms through which genes influence body weight are not well understood, but appetite has been implicated as one mediating pathway. Here we use data from two independent population-based Finnish cohorts (4632 adults aged 25–74 years from the DILGOM study and 1231 twin individuals aged 21–26 years from the FinnTwin12 study) to investigate whether two appetitive traits mediate the associations between known obesity-related genetic variants and adiposity. The results from structural equation modelling indicate that the effects of a polygenic risk score (90 obesity-related loci) on measured body mass index and waist circumference are partly mediated through higher levels of uncontrolled eating (βindirect = 0.030–0.032, P < 0.001 in DILGOM) and emotional eating (βindirect = 0.020–0.022, P < 0.001 in DILGOM and βindirect = 0.013–0.015, P = 0.043–0.044 in FinnTwin12). Our findings suggest that genetic predispositions to obesity may partly exert their effects through appetitive traits reflecting lack of control over eating or eating in response to negative emotions. Obesity prevention and treatment studies should examine the impact of targeting these eating behaviours, especially among individuals having a high genetic predisposition to obesity.
Ultralow temperature terahertz magnetic thermodynamics of perovskite-like SmFeO3 ceramic
Authors: Fu Xiaojian , Zeng Xinxi , Wang Dongyang , Chi Zhang Hao , Han Jiaguang , Jun Cui Tie
Published: October 2015

The terahertz magnetic properties of perovskite-like SmFeO3 ceramic are investigated over a broad temperature range, especially at ultralow temperatures, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It is shown that both resonant frequencies of quasi-ferromagnetic and quasi-antiferromagnetic modes have blue shifts with the decreasing temperature due to the enhancement of effective magnetic field. The temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy constants are further estimated using the resonant frequencies, under the approximation of omitting the contribution of Sm3+ magnetic moments to the effective field. Specially, the effective anisotropy constants in the ca and cb planes at 3 K are 6.63 × 105 erg/g and 8.48 × 105 erg/g, respectively. This thoroughly reveals the terahertz magnetic thermodynamics of orthoferrites and will be beneficial to the application in terahertz magnetism.
The protein kinase 2 inhibitor tetrabromobenzotriazole protects against renal ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Ka Sun-O , Hwang Hong Pil , Jang Jong-Hwa , Hyuk Bang In , Bae Ui-Jin , Yu Hee Chul , Cho Baik Hwan , Park Byung-Hyun
Published: October 2015

Protein kinase 2 (CK2) activation was reported to enhance reactive oxygen species production and activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Because oxidative stress and inflammation are critical events for tissue destruction during ischemia reperfusion (I/R), we sought to determine whether CK2 was important in the renal response to I/R. Mice underwent 25 min of renal ischemia and were then reperfused. We confirmed an increased expression of CK2α during the reperfusion period, while expression of CK2β remained consistent. We administered tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBBt), a selective CK2α inhibitor before inducing I/R injury. Mice subjected to I/R injury showed typical patterns of acute kidney injury; blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, tubular necrosis and apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress were markedly increased when compared to sham mice. However, pretreatment with TBBt abolished these changes and improved renal function and architecture. Similar renoprotective effects of CK2α inhibition were observed for emodin. Renoprotective effects of CK2α inhibition were associated with suppression of NF-κB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that CK2α mediates proapoptotic and proinflammatory signaling, thus the CK2α inhibitor may be used to prevent renal I/R injuries observed in clinical settings.
Azo-Based Iridium(III) Complexes as Multicolor Phosphorescent Probes to Detect Hypoxia in 3D Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Sun Lingli , Li Guanying , Chen Xiang , Chen Yu , Jin Chengzhi , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: October 2015

Hypoxia is an important characteristic of malignant solid tumors and is considered as a possible causative factor for serious resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The exploration of novel fluorescent probes capable of detecting hypoxia in solid tumors will aid tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of “off-on” phosphorescence probes for hypoxia detection in adherent and three-dimensional multicellular spheroid models. All of the iridium(III) complexes incorporate an azo group as an azo-reductase reactive moiety to detect hypoxia. Reduction of non-phosphorescent probes Ir1-Ir8 by reductases under hypoxic conditions resulted in the generation of highly phosphorescent corresponding amines for detection of hypoxic regions. Moreover, these probes can penetrate into 3D multicellular spheroids over 100 μm and image the hypoxic regions. Most importantly, these probes display a high selectivity for the detection of hypoxia in 2D cells and 3D multicellular spheroids.
Mass loss and chemical structures of wheat and maize straws in response to ultraviolet-B radiation and soil contact
Authors: Zhou Guixiang , Zhang Jiabao , Mao Jingdong , Zhang Congzhi , Chen Lin , Xin Xiuli , Zhao Bingzi
Published: October 2015

The role of photodegradation, an abiotic process, has been largely overlooked during straw decomposition in mesic ecosystems. We investigated the mass loss and chemical structures of straw decomposition in response to elevated UV-B radiation with or without soil contact over a 12-month litterbag experiment. Wheat and maize straw samples with and without soil contact were exposed to three radiation levels: a no-sunlight control, ambient solar UV-B and artificially elevated UV-B radiation. A block control with soil contact was not included. Compared with the no-sunlight control, UV-B radiation increased the mass loss by 14–19% and the ambient radiation by 9–16% for wheat and maize straws without soil contact after 12 months. Elevated UV-B exposure decreased the decomposition rates of both wheat and maize straws when in contact with soil. Light exposure resulted in decreased O-alkyl carbons and increased alkyl carbons for both the wheat and maize straws compared with no-sunlight control. The difference in soil contact may influence the contribution of photodegradation to the overall straw decomposition process. These results indicate that we must take into account the effects of photodegradation when explaining the mechanisms of straw decomposition in mesic ecosystems.
A biomimetic enzyme modified electrode for H2O2 highly sensitive detection
Authors: Kong Jinming , Yu Xuehua , Hu Weiwen , Hu Qiong , Shui Sailan , Li Lianzhi , Han Xiaojun , Xie Huifang , Zhang Xueji , Wang Tianhe
Published: October 2015

We have synthesized a novel PEI/AuNP/hemin nanocomposite, which is highly sensitive for H2O2 detection.
Electrochemical behavior of the insecticide pymetrozine at an electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode and its analytical application
Authors: Jia Donglin , Gao Jian , Wang Lu , Gao Yudong , Ye Baoxian
Published: October 2015

A simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of the insecticide pymetrozine was proposed using a simple electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrode (EPGCE).
Surface vs. solution hybridization: effects of salt, temperature, and probe type
Authors: Qiao Wanqiong , Chiang Hao-Chun , Xie Hui , Levicky Rastislav
Published: October 2015

Hybridization thermodynamics on solid supports are compared with those in solution for two types of hybridization probe, DNA and uncharged morpholino oligonucleotides of identical sequences.
Structure and magnetic properties of the AB(HCO2)3 (A = Rb+ or Cs+, B = Mn2+, Co2+ or Ni2+) frameworks: probing the effect of size on the phase evolution of the ternary formates
Authors: Bovill Sally M. , Saines Paul J.
Published: October 2015

The AB(HCO2)3 (A = Rb+ or Cs+ & B = Mn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+) frameworks adopt either a perovskite-like or chiral hexagonal structure with dominantly antiferromagnetic interactions. This clarifies the phase evolution of the ternary formates with cation size.
Anharmonicities and coherent vibrational dynamics of phosphate ions in bulk H2O
Authors: Costard Rene , Tyborski Tobias , Fingerhut Benjamin P.
Published: October 2015

2D IR spectroscopy reveals Fermi resonances and long lived quantum beats for phosphate ions in water.
Recent advances in energy transfer in bulk and nanoscale luminescent materials: from spectroscopy to applications
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: October 2015

We discuss optical energy transfer involving ions, QDs, moleculesetc., together with the relevant applications in different areas.
Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy of UO2(CO3)34−
Authors: Jung E. C. , Cho H.-R. , Baik M. H. , Kim H. , Cha W.
Published: October 2015

We confirmed the luminescence characteristics of UO2(CO3)34− in the hindrance to the observation of the luminescence spectra. Previous studies are discussed.
Pressure induced separation of phase-transition-triggered-abrupt vs. gradual components of spin crossover
Authors: Miller Reece G. , Narayanaswamy Suresh , Clark Simon M. , Dera Przemslaw , Jameson Geoffrey B. , Tallon Jeffery L. , Brooker Sally
Published: October 2015

For the first time, the effects of pressure on cobalt(ii) spin crossover are investigated in detail both magnetically and structurally (including structure determinations).
Towards an improved process for hydrogen production: the chemical-loop reforming of ethanol
Authors: Vozniuk Olena , Agnoli Stefano , Artiglia Luca , Vassoi Andrea , Tanchoux Nathalie , Di Renzo Francesco , Granozzi Gaetano , Cavani Fabrizio
Published: October 2015

Ferrospinels of the general composition Co0.6−xMnxFe2.4Oy were studied as O2− and electron vectors for the chemical-loop reforming of ethanol aimed at the production of clean H2.
ROS self-scavenging polythiophene materials for cell imaging
Authors: Hu Rong , Wang Fengyan , Li Shengliang , Nie Chenyao , Li Meng , Chen Hui , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu
Published: October 2015

A conjugated polymer (PTDHP) was synthesized which has a unique ROS self-scavenging ability through the oxidation of DHP into a pyridine structure upon light irradiation. Thus, PTDHP achieves cell imaging with good photo-stability and low photo-cytotoxicity.
Fine tuning of metal-specific activity in the Mn-like group of cambialistic superoxide dismutases
Authors: Russo Krauss Irene , Merlino Antonello , Pica Andrea , Rullo Rosario , Bertoni Alessandra , Capasso Alessandra , Amato Massimo , Riccitiello Francesco , De Vendittis Emmanuele , Sica Filomena
Published: October 2015

Metal-dependent activity and X-ray structures of superoxide dismutase (SOD) fromStreptococcus mutansandStreptococcus thermophilussuggest that they are members of the Mn-like group of cambialistic SODs.
Density functional studies of zirconia with different crystal phases for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Guangjin , Huang Fei , Chen Xiaobo , Wen Sheng , Gong Chunli , Liu Hai , Cheng Fan , Zheng Xuan , Zheng Genwen , Pan Mu
Published: October 2015

To understand the origin of its catalytic activity, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on zirconia with different phases is investigated by the first principles method.
A facile precipitation synthesis of mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite with good fluoride removal properties
Authors: Zhu Bai-Sheng , Jia Yong , Jin Zhen , Sun Bai , Luo Tao , Kong Ling-Tao , Liu Jin-Huai
Published: October 2015

Mesoporous 2-line ferrihydrite with good fluoride removal performance was synthesized through a facile precipitation method.
Anti-proliferative activities of flavone–estradiol Stille-coupling adducts and of indanone-based compounds obtained by SnCl4/Zn-catalysed McMurry cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Pathe Gulab Khushalrao , Konduru Naveen K. , Parveen Iram , Ahmed Naseem
Published: October 2015

Flavone–estradiol adducts and indanophen based tamoxifen analogs are synthesized using SnCl4–Zn reagent via McMurry reaction and evaluated in human cervical (HeLa) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) for the anti-proliferative activity.
Efficient synthesis of diphenyl carbonate from dibutyl carbonate and phenol using square-shaped Zn–Ti–O nanoplates as solid acid catalysts
Authors: Wang Peixue , Liu Shimin , Zhou Feng , Yang Benqun , Alshammari Ahmad S. , Deng Youquan
Published: October 2015

Efficient synthesis of diphenyl carbonate from dibutyl carbonate and phenol using square-shaped Zn–Ti–O nanoplates as solid acid catalyst.
Going beyond electrospray: mass spectrometric studies of chemical reactions in and on liquids
Authors: Ingram Andrew J. , Boeser Cornelia L. , Zare Richard N.
Published: October 2015

Recently developed and applied ionization techniques have brought mass spectrometry to bear on previously inaccessible chemistry. We offer our perspective on this field and its application for studying reaction mechanisms.
A simple strategy to improve the interfacial activity of true Janus gold nanoparticles: a shorter hydrophilic capping ligand
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Miguel Angel , Chen Limei , Deming Christopher P. , Rodriguez-Valverde Miguel Angel , Chen Shaowei , Cabrerizo-Vilchez Miguel Angel , Hidalgo-Alvarez Roque
Published: October 2015

The use of a shorter hydrophilic capping ligand in true Janus nanoparticles leads to significantly improved interfacial activity.
Diverse isostructural MOFs by postsynthetic metal node metathesis: anionic-to-cationic framework conversion, luminescence and separation of dyes
Authors: Seth Soana , Savitha Govardhan , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha
Published: October 2015

Postsynthetic metal-node metathesis of a flexible, yet robust porous anionic Cd–MOF with different metal ions of varying ionic radii, charges and chemical nature leads to diverse isostructural MOFs. The Eu@MOF and Tb@MOF – accessed by PSME – are brilliantly luminescent. The modified MOFs permit organic dye separation.
Thermo-cross-linkable fullerene for long-term stability of photovoltaic devices
Authors: Deb Nabankur , Dasari Raghunath R. , Moudgil Karttikay , Hernandez Jeff L. , Marder Seth R. , Sun Yan , Karim Alamgir , Bucknall David G.
Published: October 2015

Oligomeric fullerene formedin situfrom a thermo-cross-linkable fullerene molecule provides better morphology control and long term device stability for bulk heterojunction based organic photovoltaics.
Synergistic tuning of carrier and phonon scattering for high performance of n-type Bi2Te2.5Se0.5 thermoelectric material
Authors: Xiao Ye , Yang Junyou , Jiang Qinghui , Fu Liangwei , Luo Yubo , Zhang Dan , Zhou Zhiwei
Published: October 2015

A high ZT value of 1.0 at 523 K for Bi2Te2.5Se0.5 is obtained by the synergistic tuning of carrier and phonon scattering.
Hypercross-linked microporous polymeric ionic liquid membranes: synthesis, properties and their application in H2generation
Authors: Chinnappan Amutha , Chung Wook-Jin , Kim Hern
Published: October 2015

This work focuses on hydrogen (H2) generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) by using high performance microporous polymeric ionic liquid membranes.
Can hydrogen bonds improve the hole-mobility in amorphous organic semiconductors? Experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Mimaite Viktorija , Grazulevicius Juozas Vidas , Laurinaviciute Rasa , Volyniuk Dmytro , Jankauskas Vygintas , Sini Gjergji
Published: October 2015

Methoxy and methyl groups are found to improve the hole mobility via hydrogen bonds. The corresponding mechanism is shown.
Super-stable centimetre-scale inverse opal belts integrated with CdTe QDs for narrow band fluorescence optical waveguiding
Authors: Lu Xianyong , Ni Lingmei , Wu Shimin , Wu Yanzi , Cai Hongyan , Ding Ke , Jing Lihong , Hou Yi , Zhu Ying , Gao Mingyuan , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2015

Structurally super-stable centimetre-scale SiO2 inverse opal belts integrated with CdTe QDs with excellent on–off optical waveguiding properties.
Large-scale Ag nanoislands stabilized by a magnetron-sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene film as substrates for highly sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Authors: Šubr Martin , Petr Martin , Kylián Ondřej , Kratochvíl Jiří , Procházka Marek
Published: October 2015

Cheap and repeatable fabrication of large-scale Ag nanostructures with high stability, sensitivity and spectral reproducibility for SERS.
Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity and Mortality in a National Prospective Cohort Study: Considerations by Hearing Sensitivity
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: October 2015

Background

Previous work demonstrates that hearing impairment and physical inactivity are associated with premature all-cause mortality. The purpose of this study was to discern whether increased physical activity among those with hearing impairment can produce survival benefits.

Method

Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, with follow-up through 2011. Physical activity was objectively measured over 7 days via accelerometry. Hearing sensitivity was objectively measured using a modified Hughson Westlake procedure.

Results

Among the 1,482 participants, 152 died during the follow-up period (10.26%, unweighted); the unweighted median follow-up period was 89 months (interquartile range = 74–98 months). For those with normal hearing and after adjustments, for every 60-min increase in physical activity, adults had a 19% (HR [Hazard Ratio] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.48–1.35];
p
= .40) reduced risk of all-cause mortality; however, this association was not statistically significant. In a similar manner, physical activity was not associated with all-cause mortality among those with mild hearing loss (HR = 0.76; 95% CI [0.51–1.13];
p
= .17). However, after adjustments, and for every 60-min increase in physical activity for those with moderate or greater hearing loss, there was a 20% (HR = 0.20; 95% CI [0.67–0.95];
p
= .01) reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Physical activity may help to prolong survival among those with greater hearing impairment.
Enhancing the Therapy Experience Using Principles of Video Game Design
Authors: Folkins John Wm. , Brackenbury Tim , Krause Miriam , Haviland Allison
Published: October 2015

Purpose

This article considers the potential benefits that applying design principles from contemporary video games may have on enhancing therapy experiences.

Method

Six principles of video game design are presented, and their relevance for enriching clinical experiences is discussed.

Results

The motivational and learning benefits of each design principle have been discussed in the education literature as having positive impacts on student motivation and learning and are related here to aspects of clinical practice. The essential experience principle suggests connecting all aspects of the experience around a central emotion or cognitive connection. The discovery principle promotes indirect learning in focused environments. The risk-taking principle addresses the uncertainties clients face when attempting newly learned skills in novel situations. The generalization principle encourages multiple opportunities for skill transfer. The reward system principle directly relates to the scaffolding of frequent and varied feedback in treatment. Last, the identity principle can assist clients in using their newly learned communication skills to redefine self-perceptions.

Conclusion

These principles highlight areas for research and interventions that may be used to reinforce or advance current practice.
Biomechanische Merkmale im Fokus Hybrid- und Verbundwerkstoffe mit schmelzähnlichen Eigenschaften
Authors: Kern M.
Published: October 2015

Zahnmedizinische Restaurationswerkstoffe haben ein umfangreiches Anforderungsprofil zu erfüllen: Abriebfestigkeit, mechanische Festigkeit auf Druck, chemische Resistenz, Oberflächendichte, optimale Farb- und Lichtwirkung, Biokompatibilität, Langzeitbeständigkeit, einfache Herstellung und Verarbeitung zu vertretbaren Kosten. Auf einen Nenner gebracht, muss das Material mechanisch stabil, ästhetisch anspruchsvoll, korrosionsresistent, biologisch verträglich und wirtschaftlich sein 1.
Annealing kinetics of electrodeposited lithium dendrites
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar , Cheng Tao , Colussi Agustin J. , Merinov Boris V. , Goddard William A. , Hoffmann Michael R.
Published: October 2015

The densifying kinetics of lithium dendrites is characterized with effective activation energy of Ea ≈ 6 − 7 kcal mol−1 in our experiments and molecular dynamics computations. We show that heating lithium dendrites for 55 °C reduces the representative dendrites length λ¯(T,t) up to 36%. NVT reactive force field simulations on three-dimensional glass phase dendrites produced by our coarse grained Monte Carlo method reveal that for any given initial dendrite morphology, there is a unique stable atomic arrangement for a certain range of temperature, combined with rapid morphological transition (∼10 ps) within quasi-stable states involving concurrent bulk and surface diffusions. Our results are useful for predicting the inherent structural characteristics of lithium dendrites such as dominant coordination number.
Discrete breathers in an one-dimensional array of magnetic dots
Authors: Pylypchuk Roman L. , Zolotaryuk Yaroslav
Published: October 2015

The dynamics of the one-dimensional array of magnetic particles (dots) with the easy-plane anisotropy is investigated. The particles interact with each other via the magnetic dipole interaction and the whole system is governed by the set of Landau–Lifshitz equations. The spatially localized and time-periodic solutions known as discrete breathers (or intrinsic localized modes) are identified. These solutions have no analogue in the continuum limit and consist of the core where the magnetization vectors precess around the hard axis and the tails where the magnetization vectors oscillate around the equilibrium position.
Substitution site and effects on magnetism in Sr-for-Ca substituted CaBaCo4O7
Authors: Aurelio G. , Curiale J. , Bardelli F. , Junqueira Prado R. , Hennet L. , Cuello G. , Campo J. , Thiaudière D.
Published: October 2015

Cationic substitutions in the novel magnetoelectric compound CaBaCo4O7 lead to profound changes in its magnetic and electric behaviors. In this work, we present a structural study of the isovalent substitution Sr-for-Ca in CaBaCo4O7. X-ray diffraction, as well as neutron powder diffraction experiments, are reported for a series of samples Ca1−xSrxBaCo4O7 with 0≤x≤0.10. Special emphasis is given to the identification of the substitution site, as Sr has also been reported to substitute for Ba in this crystal structure. The solubility limit for Sr at the Ca site is shown to be at x≃0.08. The variation of lattice constants with Sr-doping firmly supports the Sr-for-Ca substitution. Rietveld refinements of the Sr-substituted samples are presented, and used as starting point to analyse the local structure around Sr by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Sr K-edge. Both the near-edge absorption and the extended absorption fine-structure confirm the substitution of Sr for Ca, giving definite support to the proposed nominal formula. In addition, macroscopic magnetization measurements are presented which reveal the striking effects of Sr-substitution over the magnetic landscape of this puzzling compound.
Complete dissociation branching fractions and Coulomb explosion dynamics of SO2 induced by excitation of O 1s pre-edge resonances
Authors: Salén Peter , Yatsyna Vasyl , Schio Luca , Feifel Raimund , af Ugglas Magnus , Richter Robert , Alagia Michele , Stranges Stefano , Zhaunerchyk Vitali
Published: October 2015

Fragmentation processes of SO2 following excitation of the six main O 1s pre-edge resonances, as well as above the ionization threshold and below the resonances, are studied using a position-sensitive time-of-flight ion imaging detector, and the associated dissociation branching ratios and break-up dynamics are determined. In order to distinguish between the O+ and S2+ fragments of equal mass-to-charge ratio, the measurements have been performed with the isotopically enriched S18O2 sample. By analysis of the complete set of the fragment momentum vectors, the β values for the fragments originating from the SO+ + O+ break-up and the kinetic energy release for fragmentation channels of both SO22+ and SO23+ parent ions are determined. We also present results on the three-body break-up dynamics.
Landau-Lifshitz equations and spin dynamics in a heterostructure with a broken inversion symmetry, under spin-orbit torque transfer of the spin moment
Authors: Korneev V. I. , Kulagin N. E. , Popkov A. F. , Sukmanova K. S.
Published: October 2015

The Landau-Lifshitz equations are generalized to the case of spin accumulation and dynamics of localized spins in the conductive magnet, in terms of the Rashba spin-orbit scattering mechanism. The effects of the spin-orbit transfer torque caused by longitudinal current flowing through the conducting heterostructure with a thin magnetic layer, on the spin state of the structure, are analyzed in the macrospin approximation on the basis of modified Landau-Lifshitz equations. It is found that the possibility of realizing the spin switch modes in the magnetic layer of the heterostructure with an easy-plane magnetic layer exists, and depends on the geometry of the magnetization, which is also the case for transverse spin-transfer torque in spin-valve structures. We built examples of diagrams of spin states on the current-field plane, that show a satisfactory agreement between the results of the experimental measurements of the critical fields and spin switching currents in the magnetic layers of asymmetric heterostructures Al2O3/Co/Pt and MgO/CoFeB/Ta, that were studied in papers by I. M. Miron and Liu et al., with compensation for the demagnetization field in the perpendicular direction.