bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time reduction of the Dynamic Programming computation in the case of hybrid vehicle
Authors: Vinot Emmanuel
Published: December 2016

Deterministic Dynamic Programming is frequently used to solve the management problem of hybrid vehicles (choice of mode and power sharing between thermal and electric sources). However, it is time consuming and thus difficult to use in global sizing optimization or in parametric studies. This paper presents a comparison between three methods to compute the DDP problems. These methods are applied on the well known case of the Toyota PRIUS. It proves that a dense matrix method can reduce the computation time by up to 10 compared to more intuitive solving methods.
PSO algorithms and GPGPU technique for electromagnetic problems
Authors: Duca Anton , Duca Laurentiu , Ciuprina Gabriela , Egemen Yilmaz Asim , Altinoz Tolga
Published: December 2016

This paper studies the efficiency of the General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) technique for the implementation of a parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm applied for the optimization of electromagnetic field devices. Several sequential PSO algorithms are compared in order to find the optimal configuration of an electromagnetic device, the TEAM22 benchmark electromagnetic problem. The best PSO algorithm is parallelized by using a GPGPU technique using various configurations for kernels and threads per block. Details of the parallel implementations are explained. The sequential and parallel implementations are compared using as criteria the speed up and the solution quality. The most efficient approach turned to be the one with one thread per block, which was up to 4 times faster than a sequential implementation running on hardware architectures with processors much more advanced than the core processors of the GPU.
Modeling and sizing by optimization of a Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctance Machine
Authors: Staudt Tiago , Gerbaud Laurent , Wurtz Frédéric , Batistela Nelson Jhoe , Kuo-Peng Patrick
Published: December 2016

The paper proposes an optimization approach to address the modeling and sizing complexities of Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctances Machines. A semi-analytical model and a reluctance network model are coupled to a deterministic optimization algorithm where several inputs and outputs parameters can be constrained to solve sizing equations iteratively by maximizing or minimizing an objective function. A Pareto Front strategy is used to illustrate the models capabilities, highlighting the trade-offs on the design of this kind of electrical machines. The optimization model provides fast results to define a first design, reducing the number of unknown parameters of early development stages. This saves computation time and computer resources in the design process compared to Finite Element Analysis.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of self-debriefing versus instructor debriefing for simulated crises in perioperative medicine in Canada
Authors: Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Alam Fahad , Hoch Jeffrey , Boet Sylvain
Published: December 2016

Purpose: High-fidelity simulation training is effective for learning crisis resource management (CRM) skills, but cost is a major barrier to implementing high-fidelity simulation training into the curriculum. The aim of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of self-debriefing and traditional instructor debriefing in CRM training programs and to calculate the minimum willingness-to-pay (WTP) value when one debriefing type becomes more cost-effective than the other. Methods: This study used previous data from a randomized controlled trial involving 50 anesthesiology residents in Canada. Each participant managed a pretest crisis scenario. Participants who were randomized to self-debrief used the video of their pretest scenario with no instructor present during their debriefing. Participants from the control group were debriefed by a trained instructor using the video of their pretest scenario. Participants individually managed a post-test simulated crisis scenario. We compared the cost and effectiveness of self-debriefing versus instructor debriefing using net benefit regression. The cost-effectiveness estimate was reported as the incremental net benefit and the uncertainty was presented using a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Results: Self-debriefing costs less than instructor debriefing. As the WTP increased, the probability that self-debriefing would be cost-effective decreased. With a WTP ≤Can$200, the self-debriefing program was cost-effective. However, when effectiveness was priced higher than cost-savings and with a WTP >Can$300, instructor debriefing was the preferred alternative. Conclusion: With a lower WTP (≤Can$200), self-debriefing was cost-effective in CRM simulation training when compared to instructor debriefing. This study provides evidence regarding cost-effectiveness that will inform decision-makers and clinical educators in their decision-making process, and may help to optimize resource allocation in education.
PROBABILISTIC FORECASTING OF THE MASSES AND RADII OF OTHER WORLDS
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Kipping David
Published: December 2016

Mass and radius are two of the most fundamental properties of an astronomical object. Increasingly, new planet discoveries are being announced with a measurement of one of these quantities, but not both. This has led to a growing need to forecast the missing quantity using the other, especially when predicting the detectability of certain follow-up observations. We present an unbiased forecasting model built upon a probabilistic mass–radius relation conditioned on a sample of 316 well-constrained objects. Our publicly available code, Forecaster, accounts for observational errors, hyper-parameter uncertainties, and the intrinsic dispersions observed in the calibration sample. By conditioning our model on a sample spanning dwarf planets to late-type stars, Forecaster can predict the mass (or radius) from the radius (or mass) for objects covering nine orders of magnitude in mass. Classification is naturally performed by our model, which uses four classes we label as Terran worlds, Neptunian worlds, Jovian worlds, and stars. Our classification identifies dwarf planets as merely low-mass Terrans (like the Earth) and brown dwarfs as merely high-mass Jovians (like Jupiter). We detect a transition in the mass–radius relation at

M
⊕, which we associate with the divide between solid, Terran worlds and Neptunian worlds. This independent analysis adds further weight to the emerging consensus that rocky super-Earths represent a narrower region of parameter space than originally thought. Effectively, then, the Earth is the super-Earth we have been looking for.
SUPERBUBBLES IN THE MULTIPHASE ISM AND THE LOADING OF GALACTIC WINDS
Authors: Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. , Raileanu Roberta
Published: December 2016

We use numerical simulations to analyze the evolution and properties of superbubbles (SBs), driven by multiple supernovae (SNe), that propagate into the two-phase (warm/cold), cloudy interstellar medium (ISM). We consider a range of mean background densities

and intervals between SNe

, and follow each SB until the radius reaches

, where H is the characteristic ISM disk thickness. Except for embedded dense clouds, each SB is hot until a time

when the shocked warm gas at the outer front cools and forms an overdense shell. Subsequently, diffuse gas in the SB interior remains at

, with an expansion velocity

(both highest for low

). At late times, the warm shell gas velocities are several tens to

. While shell velocities are too low to escape from a massive galaxy, they are high enough to remove substantial mass from dwarfs. Dense clouds are also accelerated, reaching a few to tens of

. We measure the mass in hot gas per SN,

, and the total radial momentum of the bubble per SN,

. After

,

(highest for low

), while

(highest for high

). If galactic winds in massive galaxies are loaded by the hot gas in SBs, we conclude that the mass-loss rates would generally be lower than star formation rates. Only if the SN cadence is much higher than usual in galactic disks, as may occur for nuclear starbursts, can SBs breakout while hot and expel up to 10 times the mass locked up in stars. The momentum injection values,

, are consistent with requirements to control star formation rates within galaxies at observed levels.
Accoucher à domicile malgré la gratuité des soins
Authors: Nkurunziza Médiatrice
Published: December 2016

Au Burundi, les accouchements, y compris les césariennes, sont subventionnés à 100 % depuis juin 2006. Pourtant, près de 40 % de femmes rurales accouchent encore à domicile selon l’Enquête démographique et de santé (EDS) de 2010. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les facteurs associés à un tel comportement dans un contexte de gratuité des soins. Les données proviennent de l’EDS de 2010 et d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés en 2011. Les résultats des analyses montrent que la faiblesse du niveau de vie du ménage est un facteur important de l’accouchement à domicile en milieu rural burundais. Une autonomie financière et décisionnelle de la femme réduite et une préférence pour les services des accoucheuses traditionnelles en sont également d’autres raisons.
Vaccination et « jambes qui traînent » au Sénégal
Authors: Hane Fatoumata , Guillermet Élise
Published: December 2016

La sûreté vaccinale est une priorité de l’agenda international, notamment pour assurer l’adhésion des populations à l’éradication des maladies par la vaccination des enfants. Malgré les moyens mis en œuvre, le système de reporting depuis les pays est régulièrement décrit comme défaillant. Cet article propose de montrer comment l’invisibilité des manifestations postvaccinales indésirables (MAPI) – et plus particulièrement les paralysies suivant les injections intramusculaires – est créée depuis le milieu rural sénégalais, tant par les agents de santé du fait de leur organisation officieuse que par les familles de peur de se voir marginalisées.
Regards croisés sur la mise en patrimoine des cultes de possession dans l’Atlantique sud (Bénin, Brésil)
Authors: Kadya Tall Emmanuelle
Published: December 2016

À travers l’exemple des cultes de possession au Bénin et au Brésil, l’article montre que la mobilisation d’un imaginaire de l’Afrique est plurielle et que l’opposition entre religions du livre et religions de la coutume est questionnable dès lors que l’on examine des pratiques rituelles où la centralité des processus de transsubstantiation s’observe. La coexistence de pratiques rituelles païennes et universalistes, loin d’être le signe d’un syncrétisme de masque ou d’un mimétisme, participe d’un espace conceptuel, celui de l’Atlantique sud qui fait fonctionner en miroir et se répondre des pratiques rituelles où deux mondes s’interpellent et polémiquent dans une histoire de longue durée.
L’explosion de l’autodéclaration indigène entre les recensements mexicains de 2000 et 2010
Authors: Barbary Olivier , Martínez Casas Regina
Published: December 2016

Introduite lors du recensement mexicain de 2000, la question d’autodéclaration d’appartenance indigène remporte en 2010 un succès massif auprès des recensés. En effet, le taux d’autodéclaration bondit en dix ans de 6,1 % à 14,9 %. De fait, en 2010, la population des ménages indigènes atteint 21 millions de personnes, soit 18,7 % de la population mexicaine. Pour tous les observateurs de cette dynamique d’affirmation indigène, les interrogations abondent. Qui sont, socialement et culturellement parlant, les nouveaux indigènes autodéclarés ? À quels processus démographiques (urbanisation, migrations, restructuration des ménages, etc.) et à quelles stratégies d’insertion économique, de revendications politiques, d’affirmation culturelle renvoie ce phénomène massif ? Est ce que l’inflation de la population indigène s’accompagne de changements dans la position sociale de certains groupes de population ? Quelles réponses les politiques publiques, et plus généralement la société mexicaine, vont-elles donner à cette nouvelle émergence ? Cet article propose une approche multidisciplinaire, combinant l’analyse statistique des données censitaires et l’étude linguistique et socio-anthropologique du phénomène pour apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions.
Les migrations dans le sud de Madagascar
Authors: Canavesio Rémy
Published: December 2016

Les importantes migrations qui affectent le sud de Madagascar depuis deux décennies favorisent le développement d’activités qui menacent la stabilité sociopolitique d’une part, et les milieux naturels d’autre part. L’analyse confirme une importante simultanéité entre les mouvements migratoires qui touchent cette région au début des années 1990 et la réduction des précipitations. Cependant, en étudiant l’ensemble des migrations dans la partie méridionale de Madagascar au cours des vingt dernières années, l’article montre que la crise globale et structurelle du système socio-spatial de la région reste la raison principale du phénomène. Néanmoins, dans les prochaines décennies, le facteur climatique pourrait à son tour devenir une cause latente de tension dans cette région, en raison de la réduction attendue des précipitations provoquée par le changement climatique.
Politiques de gestion des risques en Équateur Entre coopération internationale et réaffirmation de l’État
Authors: Rebotier Julien
Published: December 2016

Le cas équatorien souligne le poids des dimensions politico-institutionnelles dans la mise en place d’un système décentralisé de gestion des risques qui s’appuie largement sur la coopération internationale. La politique volontariste du pays butte sur des tensions et des difficultés dont certaines se posent aussi au sein de la coopération internationale. Parmi elles, la place de l’État et des pouvoirs locaux, le paradoxe entre le souhait de souveraineté et la coopération inévitable, la contradiction entre la multiplication des projets de coopération et une politique nationale intégrée, la tension non formalisée entre la préparation aux désastres et le pari de la planification/ gestion territoriale. Du fait des financements, de l’état des compétences ou des réformes institutionnelles, ces tensions semblent difficiles à résoudre. Bien avant la question des risques et des désastres, les chantiers touchant au rôle de l’État ou à ses compétences s’avèrent primordiaux.
Les investissements arabes du Golfe au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient, vecteurs d’une intégration régionale ?
Authors: Choplin Armelle , Vignal Leïla
Published: December 2016

Cet article interroge l’impact des investissements directs des pays du Golfe sur le processus d’intégration régionale au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient. La plupart des pays arabes du sud de la Méditerranée ont engagé des politiques d’ouverture et de libéralisation économiques et d’attraction des IDE depuis les années 1990. Pendant cette période, les investissements directs des pays du Golfe dans cette région ont connu une forte croissance. Nous postulons que ces IDE participent de formes de régionalisation d’une partie de l’économie du Golfe, et sont vecteurs de formes nouvelles d’intégration régionale. Notre analyse repose sur un travail de traitements de données statistiques, effectués à partir de la base de données Anima, conjuguées à un travail plus qualitatif de recueil d’informations sur le terrain. L’hypothèse sera discutée en présentant le tropisme du Golfe pour les investissements Sud-Sud au Maghreb et au Machrek, puis en rendant compte des évolutions qui font des pays arabes récipiendaires un nouveau front pionnier pour les investissements des groupes du Golfe. En analysant les principaux types d’investissement, les secteurs visés et acteurs concernés, nous conclurons sur les modalités spécifiques que prend l’externalisation d’une partie de l’économie du Golfe, qui tend à dessiner une nouvelle géographie régionale discontinue et spatialement sélective.
Les interventions chinoises en Côte d’Ivoire : aide, investissements et migrants-investisseurs
Authors: Aurégan Xavier
Published: December 2016

À partir d’une étude de cas en Côte d’Ivoire, cet article décrit et analyse les flux et stocks d’aide et d’investissements chinois en Afrique. De la reconnaissance bilatérale de 1983 jusqu’à fin 2014, les relations sino-ivoiriennes se sont développées, faisant de la Chine l’un des plus importants bailleurs et investisseurs de la Côte d’Ivoire, et de l’État chinois un acteur central, sinon exclusif, de cette relation. À Abidjan, la capitale économique ivoirienne, les migrants ressortissants chinois investissent à titre privé.
Mixed Treatment Comparison and Bayesian Integrated Economic Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of TNF-alpha inhibitors for Rheumatoid Arthritis after Failure of Conventional DMARD Therapy
Authors: Launois Robert , Le Moine Jean-Gabriel , Huynh TMT
Published: December 2016

Contexte : 80% des patients souffrant de polyarthrite rhumatoïde ne répondent pas aux traitements à base de méthotrexate et font l’objet d’une prise en charge par anti TNF-α. Objectifs : Cette étude se propose d’évaluer l’efficacité et l’innocuité des biothérapies utilisées en seconde ligne de traitement sur les patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde modérée ou sévère dont la réponse aux traitements conventionnels est inadéquate, d’estimer leur efficience respective et d’estimer l’impact budgétaire des traitements mis en œuvre. Méthode : Une revue systématique de la littérature disponible entre 1999 et 2013 a été faites en respectant les recommandations Prisma. La synthèse quantitative des résultats publiés dans les essais randomisés retenus a fait l’objet d’une méta-analyse en réseau. Un modèle de Markov a été développé pour retracer l’évolution de la pathologie sous traitement et le parcours de soins des malades. Les consommations de biens et services médicaux ont été extraites d’une étude observationnelle dont les résultats ont alimenté l’analyse cout efficacité et le modèle d’impact budgétaire. Résultat : La méta-analyse montre des différences significatives sur le critère ACR 20 des biothérapies par rapport au méthotrexate mais aucune différence significative entre les biothérapies sur la base de ce même critère. L’analyse cout efficacité révèle que l’adalimumab se situe sur la frontière des meilleurs traitements financièrement acceptables en deçà du seuil de 1,715 € et qu’au-delà, c’est l’etanercept qui est le meilleur traitement. Le modèle d’impact budgétaire montre que le remplacement de l’etanercept par des molécules plus onéreuse et moins efficace couterait à la collectivité 28 millions d’euros en cinq ans.
Analyse coût-résultats de la rifaximine-α dans la prévention des récidives d’encéphalopathie hépatique en France
Authors: Ben Hariz Soumaia , Kabeshova Anastasiia , Tsakeu Elyonore , Benamouzig Robert , Launois Robert
Published: December 2016

Contexte : L’encéphalopathie hépatique est un syndrome neuropsychiatrique survenant dans le contexte d’une maladie hépatique. La rifaximine-α est le premier traitement indiqué dans la prévention des rechutes d’épisodes d’encéphalopathie hépatique clinique (EHC) chez les adultes. Objectif : Estimer le rapport coût-résultat, dans une perspective de l’assurance maladie, de l’utilisation de rifaximine-α+lactulose comparativement au lactulose seul, dans la prévention des récidives d’EHC chez les patients cirrhotiques ayant présenté au moins deux épisodes. Méthode : Un modèle de Markov à cinq états a été utilisé sur un horizon temporel de 5 ans afin d’estimer l’efficience de rifaximine-α+lactulose comparée au lactulose seul. Les données cliniques ont été extraites de deux essais randomisés, RFHE3001 et RFHE3002, et d’une étude en vie réelle française. Les coûts ont été estimés à partir des tarifs français et du PMSI 2014. L’utilité a été mesurée en années de vie ajustée sur la qualité (QALYs). Un taux d’actualisation de 4% a été appliqué. Pour caractériser l’incertitude des prévisions, une analyse probabiliste a été conduite. Résultats : Le ratio différentiel coût-résultat de rifaximine-α+lactulose comparé au lactulose après 5 ans de suivi est égal à 13507€ /Qaly (8887€ –21733€ /Qaly). Au seuil de 28500€, la rifaximine-α est efficiente dans 99,8% des simulations et dans 100% des cas pour un seuil de 43000€. Conclusion : L’utilisation de rifaximine-α s’accompagne d’une réduction des hospitalisations et d’une augmentation de la qualité de vie des patients. Pour un seuil supérieur à 28500€, le risque d’erreur en déclarant cette molécule efficiente ne dépasse pas 1%.
L’inscription, le masque et la donnée
Authors: Bastin Gilles , Francony Jean-Marc
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article, nous examinons les différentes interactions qui caractérisent un projet d’enquête en sciences sociales fondé sur l’exploitation des données du réseau social professionnel LinkedIn. Ce retour réflexif sur ce que nous appelons le « laboratoire invisible » de l’enquête nous permet de mettre en évidence les conflits d’interprétation qui naissent autour de la définition de ce qu’est une « donnée » tirée du web. Dès lors, la constitution d’une base de données ne doit pas apparaître comme une opération technique de la recherche mais comme un processus de transformation des « inscriptions » individuelles sur le réseau en « données », processus que nous appelons « datafication ». Ce processus passe par la confrontation de « masques » différents que posent sur ces inscriptions les acteurs du « laboratoire invisible » de la recherche : le sociologue et le spécialiste de l’information et du web mais aussi l’utilisateur du réseau, la plateforme et le régulateur public.
BeQuali, une archive en question
Authors: Duchesne Sophie , Brugidou Mathieu
Published: December 2016

Ce texte aborde les difficultés que suscite la mise en banque des données des sciences humaines et sociales à travers l’étude d’une expérience concrète, la conception d’une banque française d’enquêtes qualitatives en sciences sociales, beQuali, dont les premières années (2006-2013) se sont révélées particulièrement riches en frictions. L’article traite d’abord de l’effet de l’inflation des promesses sur la normalisation des pratiques de recherche. Il analyse ensuite la flexibilité interprétative liée à l’archivage et sa traduction difficile dans un ensemble d’objets intermédiaires. L’article montre enfin la déconnexion croissante entre fonctionnement et usage de l’infrastructure et met en évidence certains effets des politiques dites « d’excellence » sur l’organisation de l’équipe. Les auteurs, impliqués dans cette expérience, avec le recul méthodologique que cela impose, concluent à la nécessité de prendre en compte les enjeux politiques du façonnage de ce type d’instrument et plaident pour une poursuite de la mise en question des banques existantes.
Procesos friccionales de puesta en bases de datos
Authors: Jaton Florian , Vinck Dominique
Published: December 2016

El artículo da cuenta de los estudios sociales sobre las bases de datos en ciencias humanas y sociales que se acercan a los estudios sobre infraestructuras de investigación. A pesar de las diferencias teóricas entre estos estudios, se destacan cuatro direcciones de análisis. A continuación, examina tres cuestiones planteadas por el caso de las bases de datos de investigación y las colecciones de datos digitales en CHS antes de llamar la atención sobre las fricciones que surgen durante el proceso de desarrollo de la base de datos.
Impact of Smoking Cessation Counseling Prior to Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Akhavan Sina , Nguyen Long-Co , Chan Vanessa , Saleh Jamal , Bozic Kevin J.
Published: December 2016

Perioperative smoking has been linked to surgical complications including poor wound healing, infection, myocardial infarction, prolonged length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. This study evaluated the effectiveness of preoperative counseling on smoking cessation for patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty. Thirty smokers with hip or knee osteoarthritis seeking hip or knee replacement surgery were enrolled prospectively. Interventions included counseling, referrals to smoking cessation programs including the California Smokers' Helpline and the Fontana Tobacco Treatment Program, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), or instructing patients quit through the “cold turkey” method of abstinence. Patients were scheduled for surgery if they demonstrated abstinence from smoking, confirmed via expired carbon monoxide (CO) breath testing. Short- and long-term smoking cessation rates were evaluated. Thirty patients were enrolled; 21 patients (70%) passed the CO test, whereas 9 patients (30%) failed or did not follow up with a CO test. Thirteen of 21 patients (62%) quit using the “cold turkey” method, 5 of 21 patients (24%) quit using NRT, and 3 of 21 patients (14%) quit using outpatient treatment programs. Eighteen of 21 patients (86%) who quit smoking underwent surgery, and 14 patients had surgery within 6 months of smoking abstinence. Nine of the 14 patients (64%) remained smoke-free 6 months postoperatively confirmed through telephone questionnaire. These results suggest that elective surgery offers a strong incentive for patients to quit smoking, and surgeons can play a role offering a teachable moment and motivating this potentially life-altering behavioral change. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):e323–e328.]
Cardiac biomarkers in dialysis
Authors: Mahmood Usman , Johnson David W. , Fahim Magid A.
Published: December 2016

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death, accounting for approximately 40 percent of all-cause mortality in patients receiving either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Cardiovascular risk stratification is an important aspect of managing dialysis patients as it enables early identification of high-risk patients, so therapeutic interventions can be optimized to lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers can detect early stages of cardiac injury so timely intervention can be provided. The B-type natriuretic peptides (Brain Natriuretic peptide [BNP] and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) and troponins have been shown to predict mortality in dialysis patients. Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and galectin-3 are new emerging biomarkers in the field of heart failure in both the general and dialysis populations. This article aims to discuss the current evidence regarding cardiac biomarker use to diagnose myocardial injury and monitor the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing dialysis.
Ombudsman y lectores activos. La interacción en torno a la calidad periodística
Authors: Palau-Sampio Dolors , Gutiérrez-Lozano Juan Francisco , Gómez-Mompart Josep Lluís
Published: December 2016

Esta investigación analiza el papel de los defensores de los lectores (ombudsman) a la hora de velar por la calidad periodística y responder a las quejas de los lectores activos. Metodología: Para ello se han analizado cerca de doscientos artículos publicados en nueve diarios internacionales de reconocida trayectoria, entre 2014 y 2015, partiendo de una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa. Resultados y conclusiones: El artículo muestra la variedad de modelos de actuación de los ombudsman, tanto por las temáticas a las que dedican atención como por la forma de recoger las reclamaciones o de argumentar sus respuestas a los lectores activos. El ombudsman se erige antes como una figura de perfil diplomático que modera el debate o se convierte en interlocutor de los lectores que como un rol capaz de garantizar el cumplimiento efectivo de los criterios de calidad o de cuestionar las decisiones editoriales del medio.
Validación de los datos de radiación solar UV del Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) a partir de medidas con base en tierra en la costa mediterránea
Authors: Marchetti F. , Esteve A. R. , Siani A. M. , Martínez-Lozano J. A. , Utrillas M. P.
Published: December 2016

The erythemal UV daily dose (EDD) and the local noon UV Index (UVI) obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), on board NASA’s Aura satellite, have been validated for the period 2005-2013 using ground based measurements at 5 different sites in the Mediterranean coast: Murcia, Valencia, Palma de Mallorca, Barcelona and Rome (where only measurements of the local noon UVI were available). Ground based measurements were made using YES UVB-1 radiometers in Murcia, Valencia, Palma de Mallorca and Barcelona, and a Brewer MKIV 067 spectrophotometer in Rome. The results of the validation showed good agreement between the satellite instrument and the ground based measurements, although the OMI values overestimate the ground based measurements, being the difference between both types of measurements maximum during the spring and summer, and minimum during autumn and winter. The evolution of the EDD shows a clear seasonal behavior for all measuring sites for both, ground based and satellite data, with maximum values in summer (June and July) and minimum values in winter (December and January). A high percentage of cases (>80%) showed minimum differences (0-1 UVI units) between the UVI obtained by OMI and the UVI obtained by ground based instruments for all measuring sites. In every measuring site, high (6-7) or very high (8-10) UVI values are reached for a high percentage of the days of the analyzed period, but very few extreme (≥11) UVI values are reached.
LAI, FAPAR and FCOVER ground-truth map creation from FASat-C satellite imagery and in-situ measurements in Chimbarongo, Chile, for satellite products validation
Authors: Latorre-Sánchez C. , Camacho F. , Mattar C. , Santamaría-Artigas A. , Leiva-Büchi N. , Lacaze R.
Published: December 2016

In remote sensing, validation exercises are essential to ensure the quality of the products originated from satellite Earth observations. To assess the measurement uncertainty derived from satellite products, several ground field data from different ecosystems must be available for use. In the same order of importance, it is necessary to define data sampling and up-scaling methodologies to allow a suitable comparison between the ground data and the pixel size of the product. This paper shows the applied methodology used in the FP7 ImagineS project (Implementing Multi-scale Agricultural Indicators Exploiting Sentinels) to validate 10-days global LAI, FAPAR and vegetation cover products at 1km spatial resolution using in-situ data. These global products are derived from PROBA-V observations in the Copernicus Global Land Service. In particular, this case study shows the results of the field-campaign carried out in January of 2015 in the agricultural area of Chimbarongo, Chile. The methodology to scale the ground data and to create ground-based maps using FASat-C Chilean satellite imagery with a 5,8 m spatial resolution using multivariate least squares regression is shown. Finally, the same methodology was used with a 30 m spatial resolution Landsat-8 image to analyze the effect of the field-data input on the ground-truth maps used to validate the results. Our results show the reliability on the presented methodology and the consistency of the method with regard to the input data. Better results and lower RMSE errors were obtained using FASat-C data. The comparison with satellite products at 1 km shows a good agreement with Copernicus Global Land products derived from PROBA-V observations, and systematic negative bias for the MODIS products.
Qualification and Validation of the performances of the SAR instrument on board PAZ
Authors: Closa-Soteras J. , Zurita A. , Sánchez J. , Labriola M. , Solana A.
Published: December 2016

PAZ is a satellite with a highly flexible X band SAR as primary instrument. The radar is capable of generating high quality SAR images with sizes ranging from 5 km to 200 km and resolutions from 30 m for products with high coverage to values around 1m or even in the order of several cm in the case of very high resolution products. This paper describes the validation activities and the expected quality performances based on the tests performed on-ground.
Parathyroidectomy in Dialysis Patients: What is the Risk?
Authors: Anderson Jamie E , Olson Jennifer L , Campbell Michael J
Published: December 2016

Aims

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis commonly develop hyperparathyroidism (HPT), but are often not referred for surgical evaluation because of the belief that the cardiopulmonary risks of a parathyroidectomy are prohibitively high. Previous studies have not adequately determined the surgical risks of parathyroidectomy in this population.

Materials and methods

We used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2013 to evaluate risk of complications for dialysis vs nondialysis patients undergoing parathyroidectomy using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. We also compared outcomes between dialysis patients undergoing parathyroidectomy and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation to understand the relative risk between these procedures.

Results

A total of 28,438 patients underwent parathyroidectomy; 1,833 (6.5%) were on dialysis. Among patients undergoing parathyroidectomy, unadjusted mortality and complication rates were higher for patients on dialysis compared to those not on dialysis (1.4% vs 0.1%, p < 0.001; 7.9% vs 1.4%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found increased odds of mortality, all complications, and cardiopulmonary complications among patients on dialysis compared to those not on dialysis [odds ratio (OR) 5.28, p = 0.004; 2.10, p < 0.001; 5.14, p < 0.001]. When compared to patients undergoing parathyroidectomy, dialysis patients undergoing AVF had no difference in odds of death (p = 0.392) or cardiopulmonary complications (p = 0.138), but did have an increased risk of any complication (OR 1.66, p = 0.035).

Conclusion

Dialysis patients undergoing parathyroidectomy have an increased risk of cardiopulmonary complications and mortality compared to patients not on dialysis; however, these risks are similar to patients undergoing AVF creation. The risks of parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients are likely similar to other commonly performed procedures for dialysis patients.

Clinical significance: The risk of mortality and complications should be discussed during informed consent with dialysis patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. These findings can also assist in preoperative risk assessments.

How to cite this article

Anderson JE, Olson JL, Campbell MJ. Parathyroidectomy in Dialysis Patients: What is the Risk? World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):193-198.
Next-day Parathyroid Hormone as a Predictor of Post-thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia
Authors: Paul MJ , Paul Thomas V , Abraham Deepak T , Cherian Anish
Published: December 2016

Aims

Total thyroidectomy is significantly complicated by parathyroid dysfunction and hypocalcemia. These aspects impact the decision regarding the timing of discharge and quantum of calcium supplementation required. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the accuracy of next-day parathyroid hormone (PTH) level as a predictor of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Secondly, we aimed at establishing our institution's postoperative PTH level, which can accurately predict the development of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia to help us ensure the safe and early discharge of patients.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational study of 50 continuous patients undergoing thyroidectomy was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South India. Postoperative blood samples were collected for estimation of PTH, calcium, albumin, and phosphorous. The data were collated and results analyzed using Stata I/C 10.1.

Results

A total of 30% (15/50) of the patients had postoperative hypocalcemia (serum calcium <8 mg/dL). Postoperative PTH was low (<8 pg/mL) in 40% (20/50) of patients. There was a significant association between PTH < 8 pg/mL and the presence of postoperative hypocalcemia (p = 0.029). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.7, and a next-day PTH of <6 pg/mL showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (83 and 60% respectively) for the development of postoperative hypocalcemia, with a positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 83 and 60 respectively.

Conclusion

The PTH assessment performed the day after surgery is an acceptable test to predict post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia; PTH <6 pg/mL can be used as our institution's cutoff value. Department protocols for calcium and vitamin D supplementation following total thyroidectomy may be formulated based on the appropriately timed local postoperative PTH value to assist safe and early discharge of patients.

Clinical significance

Discharge protocols for patients undergoing thyroidectomy may be formulated based on the postoperative PTH values, thus enabling safe and early discharge of patients.

How to cite this article

Cherian AJ, Ramakant P, Paul TV, Abraham DT, Paul MJ. Next-day Parathyroid Hormone as a Predictor of Post-thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):203-207.
Genotype–phenotype Correlation in Children with Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Shah Nalini , Sarathi Vijaya , Sabaretnam M
Published: December 2016

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) have been reported to have germline mutations in more than 15 genes. PPGL diagnosed during childhood have the highest heritability (up to 80%). PPGL associated genes are classified into two clusters; cluster 1 (VHL, SDHx, EPAS1, PDH1, PDH2, FH, MDH2) and cluster 2 (RET, NF-1, TMEM127, MAX). Cluster 1 genes associated PPGL are norepinephrine secreting whereas cluster 2 genes associated PPGL are epinephrine secreting. In children with PPGL, VHL mutations are the most common followed by SDHB and SDHD. Bilateral PCC are frequent in patients with VHL mutations whereas extra-adrenal PGL are frequent in SDHx mutations. SDHB related PPGL are frequently malignant. Genetic testing should be performed in all children with PPGL and prioritization of genetic testing based on clinical characteristics (extra-paraganglial manifestations, location and number of PPGL, biochemical phenotype and metastasis) may be cost-effective.

How to cite this article

Sarathi V, Sabaretnam M, Shah N. Genotype–phenotype Correlation in Children with Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):208-211.
A Rare Case of Functional Ectopic Hyperthyroidism: Struma Ovarii
Authors: Lata Indu , Kapoor Deepa
Published: December 2016

Struma ovarii (SO) is a rare special type of monodermal teratoma of ovary that predominantly consists of thyroid tissue (> 50%). In only 5 to 20% of cases hyperthyroidism is seen due to functional SO. We are reporting here a case of unilateral benign cystic SO in a 50-year-old postmenopausal lady presented with pain and heaviness in lower abdomen without any signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Pelvic ultrasonogram showed right side tubo-ovarian mass and was planned for laparotomy. In preoperative investigation subclinical hyperthyroidism was diagnosed. Abdominal exploration showed cystic mass lesion in right ovary. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination diagnosed the mass as benign cystic SO. Patient became euthyroid after surgical removal of tumor.

How to cite this article

Lata I, Kapoor D. A Rare Case of Functional Ectopic Hyperthyroidism: Struma Ovarii. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):212-213.
Clinical Indicators of Surgical Thyroidectomy in Graves’ Disease
Authors: PRK Bhargav
Published: December 2016

Pathognomonic clinical triad of Graves’ disease are diffusely enlarged goiter, exophthalmos, and acropachy. Thyroidectomy appears to be ideal treatment for this condition in comparison to radioiodine.

How to cite this article

Bhargav PRK. Clinical Indicators of Surgical Thyroidectomy in Graves’ Disease. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(3):220.
Patients’ Awareness toward Implant-supported Prosthesis: An Observational Study
Authors: Raju C Mahendra , Gunupati Sumanth , Babu Madisetty Mahesh , Reddy C Sameer Kumar , Biradavolu Sukrutha , Saravanan M
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Implant-supported prosthesis has high predictability and success and improves quality of life. This study aims at assessing awareness among the patients regarding implantsupported prosthesis.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 study participants. A structured questionnaire was distributed to assess implant-related awareness among the study participants. The questionnaires were analyzed for the responses.

Results

Among the 391 respondents, 37.5% of the respondents reported having moderate knowledge regarding the tooth replacement options. Nearly 50% considered implants as a viable treatment option. The majority of them enlisted the dentist as the major source of information regarding implants, and media had a share of about 7.03% only. High cost was a major barrier in selecting implants as a treatment option.

Conclusion

This survey showed that awareness among people was low regarding the dental implants. Efforts need to be directed to increase the awareness levels by utilizing media as a tool to achieve the target.

Clinical significance

A patient who is aware of the advantages of the implant-supported dentures will make an informed decision for better functional stability and retention of the denture, especially in the mandibular arch.

How to cite this article

Raju CM, Gunupati S, Babu MM, Reddy CSK, Biradavolu S, Saravanan M. Patients’ Awareness toward Implant-supported Prosthesis: An Observational Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):49-51.
Glucose Levels and Hemodynamic Changes in Patients submitted to Routine Dental Extraction under Local Anesthesia with and without Adrenaline
Authors: Byakodi Sanjay , Gurjar Vivek , Soni Sushant
Published: December 2016

Introduction

In maxillofacial surgery, the simplest procedure that we perform is dental extraction. However, this simple procedure is challenged by the patient's poor medical condition. We generally use local anesthesia in combination with adrenaline; however, as we come across patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases who seek dental extraction, we need to be doubly cautious while using adrenaline. In this study, we intend to compare the effects of local anesthesia with adrenaline and local anesthesia without adrenaline on hemodynamic changes (blood pressure and pulse rate) and random blood sugar levels. The comparison is both within the group and between the two groups.

Materials and methods

Healthy patients between the ages 20 and 60 years were included and randomized into two groups of 50 each. In one group, plain local anesthesia was used, whereas in the other group, local anesthetic solution containing adrenaline was used. Medically compromised patients were excluded from the study. Random blood sugar levels, blood pressures, and pulse rates were recorded in both groups before and 10 minutes after injecting the solutions. The findings were compared.

Results

When results are compared within the group, a modest increase in the blood sugar level was noted with the group receiving local anesthetic with adrenaline. However, blood pressure and pulse rate showed no significant difference. Similarly, when between-the-groups comparison was done, not a single variable showed any significant difference.

Conclusion

The patients injected with local anesthesia containing adrenaline showed similar results to that observed in the patients injected with local anesthesia without adrenaline. However, there is a statistically significant rise in blood sugar levels when a local anesthetic is injected with adrenaline.

Clinical significance

Dental extractions in healthy individuals can be safely performed with local anesthetic containing adrenaline. However, in diabetic patients, it should be cautiously used.

How to cite this article

Byakodi S, Gurjar V, Soni S. Glucose Levels and Hemodynamic Changes in Patients submitted to Routine Dental Extraction under Local Anesthesia with and without Adrenaline. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):57-59.
Swinging Replantation: A Possible Protocol for the Management of Inverted Impacted Upper Central Incisor Tooth
Authors: Bello Seidu A , Enebong Deborah J , Obi Emeka V
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Inverted tooth impaction is a rare occurrence. Third molar impaction is the most extensively studied, and only eight cases of inverted third molars have been reported in a literature search of 40 years from 1973 to 2013. In a study, 43.4% of the premaxillary supernumeraries were inverted and 21.1% were transversely oriented, while occasional inverted central incisors have been mentioned in the literature. Severe dilaceration makes the management of this case a big challenge. The case of an 8-year-old boy with an inverted, rotated, and impacted upper left central incisor obstructed by an odontome is presented here. Under local anesthesia, the odontome was excised; the inverted tooth was swung and repositioned. The patient experienced uneventful healing, and with 30 months follow-up, progressive tooth eruption has been observed. Vitality test is positive, while radiologically there was no sign of resorption. Swinging replantation is a protocol that has been used for the management of an inverted, rotated, and impacted central incisor. Open root apex is an important factor in the selection of the method. The minimal periodontal damage prevents inflammatory and replacement resorption. With some clear advantages over options like orthodontic and prosthetic replacement, it could be a method to be considered in the management of severely dilacerated central incisors.

The clinical significance is that even though management of a severely malpositioned tooth has always been a big challenge in dental practice, requiring extraction and prosthodontic replacement, swinging replantation provides a possible protocol of tooth retention, i.e., less expensive and associated with fewer hospital visits.

How to cite this article

Bello SA, Enebong DJ, Obi EV. Swinging Replantation: A Possible Protocol for the Management of Inverted Impacted Upper Central Incisor Tooth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):69-73.
Dautrey's Procedure Revisited in Management of Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation
Authors: Baptist Joanna , Baliga Mohan
Published: December 2016

Introduction

Mandibular dislocation occurs when the condylar head glides out of the glenoid fossa with the condyle positioned in such a way that its posterior articulating surface lying ahead of the articular eminence. Recurrent mandibular dislocation is relatively uncommon. Patient is extremely distressed and goes through a lot of discomfort. Varied etiologies have been cited in the literature, such as keeping the mouth wide open for long periods of time during dental procedures, yawning, laughing, traumatic injuries to the mandible, psychiatric disturbances, and certain drugs. Acute dislocations are best managed immediately by reduction and intermaxillary fixation. However, dislocations that have remained over a period of a month are considered to be chronic and these cannot be reduced successfully by manual manipulation of the mandible.

Such chronic recurrent dislocations are surgically managed with eminectomy, meniscectomy, and condylotomies. A downward and forward osteotomy of the zygomatic arch in front of the articular eminence so as to produce a mechanical obstruction was recommended by Dautrey and Gosserez. This article will highlight the surgical experience of managing six patients with chronic recurrent dislocations of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) bilaterally employing Dautrey's procedure.

How to cite this article

Baptist J, Baliga M. Dautrey's Procedure Revisited in Management of Recurrent Mandibular Dislocation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):78-79.