bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elicitation, an Effective Strategy for the Biotechnological Production of Bioactive High-Added Value Compounds in Plant Cell Factories
Authors: Ramirez-Estrada Karla , Vidal-Limon Heriberto , Hidalgo Diego , Moyano Elisabeth , Golenioswki Marta , Cusidó Rosa , Palazon Javier
Published: February 2016

Plant in vitro cultures represent an attractive and cost-effective alternative to classical approaches to plant secondary metabolite (PSM) production (the “Plant Cell Factory” concept). Among other advantages, they constitute the only sustainable and eco-friendly system to obtain complex chemical structures biosynthesized by rare or endangered plant species that resist domestication. For successful results, the biotechnological production of PSM requires an optimized system, for which elicitation has proved one of the most effective strategies. In plant cell cultures, an elicitor can be defined as a compound introduced in small concentrations to a living system to promote the biosynthesis of the target metabolite. Traditionally, elicitors have been classified in two types, abiotic or biotic, according to their chemical nature and exogenous or endogenous origin, and notably include yeast extract, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, vanadyl sulphate and chitosan. In this review, we summarize the enhancing effects of elicitors on the production of high-added value plant compounds such as taxanes, ginsenosides, aryltetralin lignans and other types of polyphenols, focusing particularly on the use of a new generation of elicitors such as coronatine and cyclodextrins.
Ruin Analysis of a Discrete-Time Dependent Sparre Andersen Model with External Financial Activities and Randomized Dividends
Authors: Kim Sung , Drekic Steve
Published: February 2016

We consider a discrete-time dependent Sparre Andersen risk model which incorporates multiple threshold levels characterizing an insurer’s minimal capital requirement, dividend paying situations, and external financial activities. We focus on the development of a recursive computational procedure to calculate the finite-time ruin probabilities and expected total discounted dividends paid prior to ruin associated with this model. We investigate several numerical examples and make some observations concerning the impact our threshold levels have on the finite-time ruin probabilities and expected total discounted dividends paid prior to ruin.
Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Chen Wei , Tang Hongzhao , Zhao Haimeng , Yan Lei
Published: February 2016

Aerosol particles are the major contributor to the deterioration of air quality in China’s capital, Beijing. Using ground-based sun photometer observations from 2005 to 2014, the long-term variations in optical properties and microphysical properties of aerosol in and around Beijing were investigated in this study. The results indicated little inter-annual variations in aerosol optic depth (AOD) but an increase in the fine mode AODs both in and outside Beijing. Furthermore, the single scattering albedo in urban Beijing is larger, while observations at the site that is southeast of Beijing suggested that the aerosol there has become more absorbing. The intra-annual aspects were as follow: The largest AOD and high amount of fine mode aerosols are observed in the summer. However, the result of air pollution index (API) that mainly affected by the dry density of near-surface aerosol indicated that the air quality has been improving since 2006. Winter and spring were the most polluted seasons considering only the API values. The inconsistency between AOD and API suggested that fine aerosol particles may have a more important role in the deterioration of air quality and that neglecting particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the calculation of API might not be appropriate in air quality evaluation. Through analysis of the aerosol properties in high API days, the results suggested that the fine mode aerosol, especially PM2.5 has become a major contributor to the aerosol pollution in Beijing.
From Data Acquisition to Data Fusion: A Comprehensive Review and a Roadmap for the Identification of Activities of Daily Living Using Mobile Devices
Authors: Pires Ivan , Garcia Nuno , Pombo Nuno , Flórez-Revuelta Francisco
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the research on the state of the art for sensor fusion techniques, applied to the sensors embedded in mobile devices, as a means to help identify the mobile device user’s daily activities. Sensor data fusion techniques are used to consolidate the data collected from several sensors, increasing the reliability of the algorithms for the identification of the different activities. However, mobile devices have several constraints, e.g., low memory, low battery life and low processing power, and some data fusion techniques are not suited to this scenario. The main purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the state of the art to identify examples of sensor data fusion techniques that can be applied to the sensors available in mobile devices aiming to identify activities of daily living (ADLs).
Pressure and Temperature Sensors Using Two Spin Crossover Materials
Authors: Jureschi Catalin-Maricel , Linares Jorge , Boulmaali Ayoub , Dahoo Pierre , Rotaru Aurelian , Garcia Yann
Published: February 2016

The possibility of a new design concept for dual spin crossover based sensors for concomitant detection of both temperature and pressure is presented. It is conjectured from numerical results obtained by mean field approximation applied to a Ising-like model that using two different spin crossover compounds containing switching molecules with weak elastic interactions it is possible to simultaneously measure P and T. When the interaction parameters are optimized, the spin transition is gradual and for each spin crossover compounds, both temperature and pressure values being identified from their optical densities. This concept offers great perspectives for smart sensing devices.
A Study on the LEED Energy Simulation Process Using BIM
Authors: Ryu Han-Soo , Park Kyung-Soon
Published: February 2016

In the domestic and international environmentally friendly certification system, energy-related credit occupies a high ratio in the total distribution of certification score Leadership in the Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) system is a certification system developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC) in order to assess the environmental friendliness of buildings. The energy-related credit is approximately 30% of the total and also the energy simulation ratio specifically is the highest among the single credits as it is 20%. In this research, the energy simulation process using Building Information Modeling (BIM) based on the energy simulation case performed at the A-Tower, LEED certification was proposed. It places an emphasis on the verification process which was short in the previous research. The architectural geometry modeled through the BIM tool is converted to the gbXML, and in this process the geometry is verified through the interference check functions, the gbXML Viewer and the FZKViewer. The energy simulation is performed after the verification procedure. The geometry verification process in the A-Tower project is presented throughout this paper. In conclusion, an improved process is proposed for the productivity and reliability of energy simulation.
The Present and Future Energy Performance of the First Passivhaus Project in the Gulf Region
Authors: Khalfan May , Sharples Steve
Published: February 2016

With voluntary and mandatory energy performance standards now becoming more common around the world, schemes to develop low energy buildings have become more apparent in developed countries. The Passivhaus standard, established 25 years ago in Germany, is one the most stringent and promising low energy building standards in Europe. It started as a construction concept applied to residential buildings, but has since spread as a voluntary ultra-low energy efficient standard to different parts of the world. Qatar, a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, announced in 2013 the completion of the first Passivhaus project in the Gulf Region. The current and future performance of the Passivhaus project in Qatar was investigated in this study using current and future climate scenarios. Computer modelling was used to simulate the energy performance of the house and the thermal comfort of the occupants. In addition, on-site measurements were made to corroborate the modelling outcomes. Further, the impacts of climate change on the Passivhaus project was examined, and comparative analyses were undertaken. The findings suggested that the Passivhaus performs well under the current and the future weather data sets. Furthermore, the modelling indicates that the Qatar house is close to achieving the Passivhaus standard.
Adopting Strategic Niche Management to Evaluate EV Demonstration Projects in China
Authors: Xue Yixi , You Jianxin , Liang Xingkun , Liu Hu-Chen
Published: February 2016

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a potential viable technology to address the persistent unsustainable problems in transport sector. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the transition processes of EVs in China because the sustainability of developing countries is essential for the worldwide sustainability. The two-round demonstration programs of EVs in China were analyzed by adopting the strategic niche management (SNM) approach so as to find out what niche protection has been provided and which obstacles hamper the further development of EVs. The results show that the financial subsidy is the most important protective measure. However, the diffusion results of EVs in different pilot cities are greatly different. The main reason lies in the uneven geographical landscape. In addition, some obstacles were exposed during the niche internal processes including low quality of expectations and poor alignment within the network. Based on the analysis results, we develop a list of suggestions that are important to consider when developing EVs.
Genetic Markers of the Host in Persons Living with HTLV-1, HIV and HCV Infections
Authors: Assone Tatiane , Paiva Arthur , Fonseca Luiz , Casseb Jorge
Published: February 2016

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are prevalent worldwide, and share similar means of transmission. These infections may influence each other in evolution and outcome, including cancer or immunodeficiency. Many studies have reported the influence of genetic markers on the host immune response against different persistent viral infections, such as HTLV-1 infection, pointing to the importance of the individual genetic background on their outcomes. However, despite recent advances on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection, gaps in the understanding of the role of the individual genetic background on the progress to disease clinically manifested still remain. In this scenario, much less is known regarding the influence of genetic factors in the context of dual or triple infections or their influence on the underlying mechanisms that lead to outcomes that differ from those observed in monoinfection. This review describes the main factors involved in the virus–host balance, especially for some particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, and other important genetic markers in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other persistent viruses, such as HIV and HCV.
L'immigration urbaine au XVe siècle : le cas de Bologne
Authors: Guenzi Alberto
Published: February 2016

Bologne dispose pour le XVe siècle d'une très intéressante source pour l'étude de l'immigration : l'enregistrement des familles qui se présentaient à l'autorité publique pour obtenir l'exemption fiscale totale que le gouvernement de la ville accordait aux immigrés.

1 015 familles ont ainsi pu être étudiées ; 61,9 % sont des familles polynucléaires. Pour 90 %, elles viennent de la région padane et de la Toscane. Les travailleurs du textile constituent le premier groupe socio-professionnel ; viennent ensuite les professions libérales, les métiers du bâtiment et ceux de l'alimentation, les métiers travaillant les peaux et les cuirs ; les marchands sont particulièrement nombreux à la fin du siècle. Une courbe annuelle du mouvement a pu être dressée.
Aspects généraux de l'évolution démographique à Rome : 1598-1824
Authors: Schiavoni Claudio , Sonnino Eugenio
Published: February 2016

Dans ce travail, les auteurs effectuent un rapide sondage sur les aspects généraux de l'évolution démographique de la ville de Rome entre 1598 et 1824. Rome était au début du XVIIe siècle comme la quatrième ville d'Italie, avec environ 100 000 habitants, après Naples, Milan et Venise ; après des hauts et des bas, elle atteignit vers le milieu du siècle suivant, un maximum historique de 150 000 personnes environ, puis elle tombait à un niveau de 138 000 personnes en 1824.

Quelques mots sont dits sur ce qui fut une caractéristique de Rome : la masculinité très élevée de sa population.

En ce qui concerne la dynamique naturelle, il suffit de dire ici qu'au cours des presque 230 années examinées, le solde naturel fut positif seulement dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle ; les augmentations de la population, légères mais constantes, étaient dues au solde migratoire, Rome ayant toujours exercé, jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, une forte attraction non seulement sur l'Italie mais aussi sur presque toute l'Europe catholique.
Les délégués de la propagande dans le Nord/ Pas- de-Calais (1942-1944)
Authors: Dejonghe Étienne
Published: February 2016

In maart 1942 worden in het Noorden en Pas de Calais de afgevaardigden voor informatie en propaganda geinstalleerd. Hun taak is veelzijdig : zij moeten bij de publieke opinie de juistheid van de regeringsbeslissingen verdedigen en de over- heid inlichten over de evolutie van de publieke opinie. Daarnaast, en vooral, hebben zij de opdracht de administraties en verenigingen (syndicaten, gevange- nissen, weldadigheidsinstellingen, de studentenwereld) te politiseren door een aanwezigheidspolitiek. Het duurt niet lang eer zij in konflikt komen met de petainistische prefecten en behoudsgezinden die de voornaamste verenigingen in handen hebben. Door hun recrutering en ambitie vormen zij in zekere zin de beruchte «nieuwe elite» die aangetrokken is door het totale fascisme en die ervan droomt zowel de traditionele notabelen van rechts (de petainisten) als van links (de socialistische burgemeesters) uit hun machtspositie te verwijderen.
Bavay : le site de la «Terre à trois coins» : évaluation archéologique
Authors: Loridant Frédéric
Published: February 2016

While proceeding to an archaeological assessment prior to the development of a residential area in Bavay, we could make out several levels of destruction, probably connected to as many habitats. The weather conditions and the time awarded did not allow us to carry out excavations on a larger scale, but the discovery of a money trove (still under analysis by R. Delmaire, professor at the Université de Lille III) will certainly enable us to date these destruction layers (terminus post quern : 253)- An important pottery material was also collected : by comparing it with other regional sites, one can date it to the first half of the IHrd century, a very ill-known period in Bavay. This preliminary study of this major site (outside the forum, there is up to now very little information available with regard to the organisation of the city) will find itself confirmed only if the excavations can be carried through.
Sainte Aldegonde et les origines du monastère de Maubeuge
Authors: Helvétius Anne-Marie
Published: February 2016

La plus ancienne source relative aux origines du monastère mérovingien de Maubeuge est la première vita rédigée en l'honneur de sa fondatrie, sainte Aldegonde, au début du XVIIIe siècle. L'auteur de ce texte, un moine lettré appartenant à une communauté de la région, s'était rendu à Maubeuge du vivant de la sainte. La vita qu'il composa plusieurs années plus tard contient ainsi de précieuses informations non seulement sur Aldegonde elle-même et le milieu dont elle était issue, mais également sur l'organisation du monastère de Maubeuge et le mode de vie de cette communauté double dont elle fut la première abbesse.
Le plan-relief de Lille, expression d'un patrimoine urbain
Authors: Trénard Louis
Published: February 2016

The building of the map-in-relief of Lille, decided by Louvois in 1668 and continued by Vauban, was to be completed only in 1743 and its fate was then no less hectic, notably when it was transported and kept in Berlin. This fragile construction is fortunately complemented by a land map recently discovered in the Archives Départmentales du Nord.

Its analysis reveals the urbanization principles which lay behind the enlargement of the city after the French conquest. The new borough is checkered with large and straight avenues ; developed under Louis XIV, this area prefigures the XVIIIth century urban development. This renovation is also characterized by the erection of business facilites and, thanks to regular alignments, by «rows» of stone facades. But, hotels with front yard and garden testify of the French presence.

This map-in-relief, in spite of its mutilations, enables us to get a glimpse of Lille's double appearance in the xvmth century : the charm of its older boroughs, interlaced with canals, winding and narrow streets, with its brick and sandstone houses, and the new town with its geometrical grid, its sober construction, its neatly ordained space.
La Russie de Nicolas Ier au miroir de la presse du Nord
Authors: Engels Frank , Borowczak Jacky
Published: February 2016

La presse du Nord a eu, face au régime de Nicolas Ier (1825-1855), une attitude assez uniforme, toutes opinions confondues. Le régime est autocratique et despotique, il s'appuie sur l'armée ; le pays est très inhospitalier ; plus que la politique intérieure, c'est la politique extérieure qui intéresse les journaux, notamment les guerres victorieuses de la Russie contre la Perse et la Turquie dans lesquelles on vit tantôt une libération de peuples chrétiens, tantôt, et de plus en plus après 1830, des manifestations d'impérialisme.
La place de l'armée dans la Révolution française
Authors: Consister André
Published: February 2016

In 1789 was Frankrijk een vredelievende staat met een weinig talrijk léger dat op technisch gebied helemaal bij was. De emigratie van vêle adellijke offî- cieren die de Revolutie aanvankelijk goedgekeurd hadden maakte de weg vrij voor heel wat valabele onderoffficieren die het léger van de ondergang gered hebben. De slag van Valmy is zowel de laatste overwinning van het Ancien Régime als de eerste van de Revolutie. De koningen hadden niet de gewoonte het geheel van hun troepen in de strijd te werpen. Frankrijk aanvaardde de voortzetting van een oorlog buiten zijn grenzen, die de schatkist baat bracht maar het léger ook een politieke roi gaf.
Espions et agents secrets pendant la campagne des Flandres (1793-1794)
Authors: Marquis Hugues
Published: February 2016

During the Flanders campaign, the British command was confronted with an intelligence problem regarding enemy activities because no specific structure had been organized for this purpose in the expeditionary corps. It is thanks to the activity of the émigrés who had crossed over and joined ranks with the coalition and of supporters of the royalist caused established in the rear of the French forces that reports arrived with more and more regularity to headquarters, until a closely-knit and extensive network of informers could be constituted.
WORK SAFETY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION / DARBŲ SAUGOS SISTEMOS TOBULINIMAS STATYBOJE
Authors: Klumbytė Eglė
Published: February 2016

This article gives an overview of the statistics on accidents at work. The paper contains the methods for improvement of the occupational safety system and gives a description of the development and implementation of an integrated evaluation system model. Risk assessment is presented and specific measures for efficiency improvement of occupational safety at construction companies are introduced.
THE USE OF SAFE WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELLECTRICITY AND HEAT / THE USE OF SAFE WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELLECTRICITY AND HEAT
Authors: Lazauskas Marius
Published: February 2016

Steadily increasing prices of electricity and heat energy make us look for the options how to use the supply available rationally. The purpose is to cut energy production costs. Different possibilities to use renewable resources such as wind, water, solar and geothermal energy, are widely discussed in different scientific fields. The article introduces the alternative ways of energy production which could ensure the control of safe waste produced in the process of production. The ways introduced in the article are pyrolysis, incineration and the use of landfilling gas.
THE FIRE RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT OF PROTECTED STEEL ELEMENTS USING VARIOUS FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS AND DIFFERENT HEATING CONDITIONS / METALINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ, APSAUGOTŲ ĮVAIRIOMIS PRIEŠGAISRINĖMIS MEDŽIAGOMIS, ATSPARUMO UGNIAI ĮVERTINIMAS SKIRTINGOMIS BANDYMŲ SĄLYGOMIS
Authors: Podolski Dmitrij , Grigonis Mindaugas
Published: February 2016

The problem of the resistance to fire of metal constructions is examined and different fire resistance furnaces are overviewed. Testing conditions and testing methods by which the elements were tested resistance to fire were performed and provided.
The article describes the behaviour of different fireproof materials during the tests and it analyzes the influence of different heating conditions to element’s fire resistance class. The tests’ results, findings, advices are also included.
VEHICLE USED TIRES RECYCLING AND REGENERATION TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS / TRANSPORTO PRIEMONIŲ NAUDOTŲ PADANGŲ UTILIZAVIMO IR REGENERAVIMO TECHNOLOGIJŲ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Gavrilov Jevgenij , Sivilevičius Henrikas
Published: February 2016

The paper analyses waste tyre rubber treatment technologies. According to foreign countries and Lithuanian experiment results, positive and negative features of the utilization methods are presented. Data of experiments is presented using tyre rubber in clinker burning furnaces. Here is also information on the use of rubber additive in concrete and the impact to road design. Formulated conclusions.
FLOW METERS REVIEW AND ANALYSIS / SRAUTO GREIČIŲ MATUOKLIŲ APŽVALGOS ANALIZĖ
Authors: Jozonis Vaidas , Stankūnas Jonas , Jozonis Andrius
Published: February 2016

In the article dealt the speed-flow meters, they are classified according to the working of the principle, discussed the advantages, disadvantages, a comparative review. The examination of all possible flow measurement methods, they can be sort into five major groups.
The aim was to review the different approaches used to measure the voltage amplitude value of a signal and to describe the capabilities of a projected instrument system. The most modern technological processes take measurement of flowing gas flow rate and flow. For this purpose, ultrasound, especially pulsed time are widely stared to apply. The most pulsed temporal method for measuring disadvantage is that a signal amplitude can vary only in strictly defined limits. Othewise, the signals may not be given or taken in wrong moment.
Déterminants de l’identité amoureuse : Contribution de la perspective profane à la compréhension experte
Authors: Demers Valérie , Pierce Tamarha , Lapierre Vanessa
Published: February 2016

La présente étude qualitative répertorie les éléments influençant la conception de soi en tant que partenaire amoureux, selon des individus de la population générale (perspective profane) et les compare aux déterminants recensés par les travaux scientifiques. Dix adultes non hétérosexuels et dix adultes hétérosexuels, comprenant autant de femmes que d’hommes, ont participé à des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées. L’analyse thématique de contenu dresse un portrait complexe et nuancé des déterminants de l’identité amoureuse, incluant des facteurs de niveaux intrapersonnel, interpersonnel, positionnel et idéologique. Une majorité évoque au moins trois niveaux d’analyse. Les déterminants précis varient selon l’orientation sexuelle et le sexe. Les travaux futurs devraient davantage considérer les déterminants positionnels et idéologiques, négligés en recherche mais saillants pour les profanes.
Du coaching au mentorat dans la pratique des loisirs organisés : comment favoriser le développement positif des jeunes ?
Authors: Firzly Najat , Sirois-Leclerc Héloïse , Blanchard Céline
Published: February 2016

Les relations interpersonnelles que les jeunes forgent à l’intérieur des loisirs organisés peuvent directement influencer leur développement. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur la littérature récente des effets et des implications du coaching pour promouvoir une nouvelle perspective du développement positif dans le domaine des loisirs organisés. La première partie de l’article présente les bases théoriques et empiriques de l’effet des loisirs organisés sur le développement positif des jeunes. La deuxième partie examine la manière dont les coachs peuvent améliorer le processus du développement positif des adolescents. La troisième partie propose que les mentors sont aussi susceptibles d’avoir un effet sur le développement positif des jeunes et en quoi ils diffèrent des coachs. Enfin, des limites et des recommandations sont fournies pour les futures recherches et pratiques.
Craintes, peurs, insécurités
Authors: De Visscher Pierre
Published: February 2016

Les animateurs et/ou formateurs ont souvent à réguler des peurs, craintes, insécurités manifestées par les participants aux activités. Ces vocables recouvrent une pluralité de réalités différentes. Un effort taxinomique s’avère ici nécessaire. On aborde successivement les peurs « tranquilles » ; la peur des autres ; le malaise du premier contact ; les fantasmes de groupe ; les peurs « collectives », crises et rumeurs ; les peurs de l’environnement, celle des épidémies ; les peurs sociétales notamment l’insécurité face à la délinquance mais aussi aux menaces de perte d’une sécurité de moyens d’existence ; également les éventuelles islamophobies ou homophobies. La perception et l’analyse de phénomènes spécifiques contribuera à pallier dans une certaine mesure aux appréhensions handicapantes. La peur peut ainsi devenir bonne conseillère.
Quand les « vaches » des villes de la Belle Époque n’étaient pas encore des « poulets »
Authors: López Laurent
Published: February 2016

Les villes françaises de la fin du XIX e siècle gardent une empreinte rurale encore fortement marquée, y compris à Paris, notamment par la présence d’animaux multiples et divers, peu ou prou domestiqués, qui les peuplent. La force publique, essentiellement représentée par les gendarmes et les policiers municipaux dans les villes, n’a pas seulement à assurer l’ordre urbain parmi les hommes mais aussi au sein des bêtes, vivantes ou mortes. Si, les loups n’entrent plus dans les villes de la Belle Époque, les animaux domestiques représentent une des formes des menaces urbaines. Mais, ceux-ci, plutôt que des perturbateurs de l’ordre urbain, peuvent également être au service du maintien de l’ordre, comme les chiens et les chevaux. La place de l’animal dans cette force de l’ordre renseigne sur les transformations professionnelles de l’Arme et reflète les évolutions de l’époque, alors que les quatre et surtout deux roues supplantent progressivement la force animale.
Le bon fonctionnement des services de soins : ce qui fait équipe ?
Authors: Dumas Marc , Douguet Florence , Fahmi Youssef
Published: February 2016

Qu’est-ce qu’une bonne équipe de soins ? Cet article propose d’identifier et d’explorer les facteurs organisationnels et humains contribuant au bon fonctionnement des collectifs de travail. La méthodologie adoptée repose sur la réalisation d’entretiens et d’observations au sein de trois services contrastés. Les résultats montrent que la proximité entre les différentes catégories professionnelles, la construction de pratiques et de valeurs communes, les prises de décisions partagées, un système de communication efficace constituent autant d’éléments favorisant la coopération au sein des services. Le cadre de santé de proximité a un rôle fédérateur et d’organisateur vis-à-vis de l’équipe.
Glucolytic fingerprinting reveals metabolic groups within the genus Bifidobacterium: an exploratory study
Authors: Rios-Covián D. , Sánchez B. , Cuesta I. , Cueto-Díaz S. , Hernández-Barranco A.M. , Gueimonde M. , De los Reyes-Gavilán C.G.
Published: February 2016

Microorganisms of the genus Bifidobacterium are inhabitants of diverse niches including the digestive tract of humans and animals. The species Bifidobacterium
adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium
breve and Bifidobacterium
longum have qualified presumption of safety status granted by EFSA and several strains are considered probiotic, and are being included in functional dairy fermented products. In the present work we carried out a preliminary exploration of general metabolic characteristics and organic acid production profiles of a reduced number of strains selected from these and other species of the genus Bifidobacterium. The use of resting cells allowed obtaining metabolic fingerprints without interference of metabolites accumulated during growth in culture media. Acetic acid was the most abundant organic acid formed per mol of glucose consumed (from 1.07±0.03 to 1.71±0.22 mol) followed by lactic acid (from 0.34±0.06 to 0.90±0.12 mol), with moderate differences in production among strains; pyruvic, succinic and formic acids were also produced at considerably lower proportions, with variability among strains. The acetic to lactic acid ratio showed lower values in stationary phase as regard to the exponential phase for most, but not all, the microorganisms; this was due to a decrease in acetic acid molar proportions together with increases of lactic acid proportions in stationary phase. A linear discriminant analysis allowed to cluster strains into species with 51-100% probability, evidencing different metabolic profiles, according to the relative production of organic acids from glucose by resting cells, of microorganisms collected at the exponential phase of growth. Looking for a single metabolic marker that could adequately discriminate metabolic groups, we found that groups established by the acetic to lactic acid ratio fit well with differences previously evidenced by the discriminant analysis. The proper establishment of metabolic groups within the genus Bifidobacterium could help to select the best suited probiotic strains for specific applications.
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2014-2015
Authors: Berthiller F. , Brera C. , Crews C. , Iha M.H. , Krska R. , Lattanzio V.M.T. , MacDonald S. , Malone R.J. , Maragos C. , Solfrizzo M. , Stroka J. , Whitaker T.B.
Published: February 2016

This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2014 and mid-2015. In tradition with previous articles of this series, analytical methods to determine aflatoxins,Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are new methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed LC-MS based multi-mycotoxin methods. The critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address shortcomings of current methodologies.
Distal Locking Screws for Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Fractures
Authors: Agathangelidis Filon , Petsatodis Georgios , Kirkos John , Papadopoulos Pericles , Karataglis Dimitrios , Christodoulou Anastasios
Published: February 2016

Recently introduced tibial intramedullary nails allow a number of distal screws to be used to reduce the incidence of malalignment and loss of fixation of distal metaphyseal fractures. However, the number of screws and the type of screw configuration to be used remains obscure. This biomechanical study was performed to address this question. Thirty-six Expert tibial nails (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) were introduced in composite bone models. The models were divided into 4 groups with different distal locking configurations ranging from 2 to 4 screws. A 7-mm gap osteotomy was performed 72 mm from the tibial plafond to simulate a 42-C3 unstable distal tibial fracture. Each group was divided in 3 subgroups and underwent nondestructive biomechanical testing in axial compression, coronal bending, and axial torsion. The passive construct stiffness was measured and statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance. Although some differences were noted between the stiffness of each group, these were not statistically significant in compression (
P
=.105), bending (
P
=.801), external rotation (
P
=.246), and internal rotation (
P
=.370). This in vitro study showed that, when using the Expert tibial nail for unstable distal tibial fractures, the classic configuration of 2 parallel distal screws could provide the necessary stability under partial weight-bearing conditions. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e253–e258.]
ELECTRONIC ANALOGY TO SIMULATE AND PREDICT THE DYNAMICS OF CELLULAR MECHANISM OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE STIMULATED BY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Chaudhary Nivedita , Aggarwal Yogender , Singh Nishant , Sinha Rakesh Kumar
Published: February 2016

The present work aims to simulate and predict the molecular pathway of Parkinson’s disease (PD) initiated by environmental stress. It is designed to predict how protein aggregation and Lewy body (LB) formation leads to dopamine toxicity finally leading to cell death. The Mechanistic electronic modeling using Digital-Analog hybrid technique has been designed and implemented using MULTISIM 8.0 (National Instruments, USA) to simulate and predict the dynamics of PD pathway under environmental stress condition. The electronic network is initiated through an analog comparator circuit that compares the long-term environmental alterations with the cellular set point level of the molecular kinetics. The pattern of neuronal firing is simulated with the help of analog electronic circuit. The simulation results show a slow progressive rise in [Formula: see text]-synuclein/LB/dopamine toxicity level within the neuronal cells, which is comparable to published experimental and modeling studies associated with PD. Finally, cell death is demonstrated, which leads to neurodegeneration. In conclusion, our model allows a straightforward implementation of qualitative representation for systems where the network topology or pathway is at least moderately known.
Hypoxia and anoxia effects on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and hemoglobin content in Chironomus riparius Meigen, 1804
Authors: Grazioli Valentina , Rossaro Bruno , Parenti Paolo , Giacchini Roberto , Lencioni Valeria
Published: February 2016

The metabolic effects of low oxygen content on alcohol-dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were investigated in IV-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) from an Italian stream. Two series of short-term (48 h) experiments were carried out: exposure to (1) progressive hypoxia (95 to 5% of oxygen saturation) and (2) anoxia (at <5% of oxygen saturation). In (1), Hb amount increased with increasing oxygen depletion up to a critical value of oxygenation (about 70% of oxygen saturation). Below this percentage, the Hb amount declined to values comparable with those present in the control. The respiration rate (R) remained almost constant at oxygen saturation >50% and decreased significantly only after 48 h of treatment (= <5% of oxygen saturation) reaching values <100 mmolO2 gAFDW-1 h-1. ADH activity showed two phases of growth, within the first 14 h and over 18 h of exposure. Overall, we inferred that i) Hb might function as short-term oxygen storage, enabling animals to delay the on-set of anaerobiosis; and ii) alcoholic fermentation co-occurs for a short time with aerobic respiration, becoming the prevalent metabolic pathway below 5% of oxygen saturation (<1 mg L-1). These considerations were supported also by results from anoxia exposure (2). In such condition, larvae were visibly stressed, becoming immobile after few minutes of incubation, and ADH reached higher values than in the hypoxia treatment (2.03±0.15 UADH mg prot-1). Overall, this study showed a shift from aerobic to anaerobic activity in C. riparius larvae exposed to poorly oxygenated water with an associated alteration of ADH activity and the Hb amount. Such metabolites might be valid candidate biomarkers for the environmental monitoring of running waters.
PI S and PI Z Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency worldwide. A review of existing genetic epidemiological data
Authors: De Serres F.J. , Blanco I. , FernÃ¡ndez-Bustillo E.
Published: February 2016

Background. AAT deficiency is not a rare disease, but one of the most common congenital disorders increasing susceptibility of deficiency individuals to both lung and liver disease as well as other several adverse health effects. Therefore, information on accurate estimates of the magnitude of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in any given country is critical for the development of screening programs for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of those individuals and/or families at risk. Method. Genetic epidemiological studies for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency made by others have been used to determine the percentages and estimates of the numbers in each of the five phenotypic classes (PI MS, PI MZ, PI SS, PI SZ, and PI ZZ) of the most common deficiency alleles: PI S and PI Z in each of 69 countries worldwide and also when grouped into 13 major geographic regions. Results. Our studies have demonstrated striking differences between these estimates when comparisons were made in numeric tables, maps and figures. Conclusions. Our studies demonstrated striking differences in the prevalences of both the PIS and PIZ alleles among these 69 countries and the numbers at risk for AAT Deficiency in a given country in specific geographic regions. Data on the prevalence of the two major deficiency alleles as well as the numbers in those phenotypic classes known to be at risk for AAT Deficiency is considered critical for the identification of individuals at risk for adverse health effects associated with AAT Deficiency as well as the treatment and management of those individuals identified in a given country.
Contribution of bronchial biopsies in the evaluation of pathogenesis and progression of COPD
Authors: Magno F. , Di Stefano A.
Published: February 2016

This review summarizes and discusses the lung pathology of COPD patients emphasising on inflammatory cell phenotypes and mechanisms which prevail in different clinical conditions. In bronchial biopsies a series of events takes place during the progression of the disease from mild to severe. T-lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells and macrophages are the prevalent inflammatory cells in the lungs of healthy smokers and patients with mild/moderate COPD. This T-cell activation seems to be sustained by CD4+, CD8+ cells and macrophages expressing transcription factors and Tc1 cytokines such as NF-kB, STAT4 and IFNÎ³. In contrast, severe disease is characterized by lymphocytes producing greater amounts of TGF-ÃŸ1 and by an increase of nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity and activated neutrophils, macrophages and MPO+ cells. However, the mechanisms involved in neutrophilic migration and adhesion are currently under investigation. Recent data has shown that in severe COPD there is an impaired neutrophil capability to respond to chemotactic stimuli, as well as an increased collagen adhesion of neutrophils due to the up-regulation of CD44 and CD11b receptors. This data together, may account for the increased neutrophilia observed in the severe disease states of COPD. In this context, insights obtained from the tissutal analysis of bronchial biopsies represent an irreplaceable route to further progresses in to the pathogenesis of this disease.
A case of uncomplicated pulmonary alveolar proteinosis evolving to pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Chroneou A. , Zias N. , Tronic B.S. , Gonzalez A.V. , Beamis Jr. J.F.
Published: February 2016

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterised by intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactant components and cellular debris, with minimal interstitial inflammation or fibrosis. Since surfactant accumulates abnormally, a disturbance in the normal pathway of surfactant production, metabolism, recycling or degradation has been postulated. This disease has a variable clinical course: from spontaneous resolution to respiratory failure and death due to disease progression or superimposed infections. PAP leading to pulmonary fibrosis is rarely seen, and few case reports describe this association. Here, we describe the case of a patient with a diagnosis of PAP confirmed by open lung biopsy, who developed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis years after disease onset.
Acute subdural hematoma secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Bansal Hanish , Chaudhary Ashwani , Mahajan Anuj , Paul Birinder
Published: February 2016

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare type of stroke primarily affecting young women. Diagnosis is generally delayed or overlooked due to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. Subdural hematoma secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is very rare. We report a case of 40-year-old female with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis who presented to us with an acute subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage besides venous infarct. Management of such patients is complicated due to the rarity of the condition and contraindication for the use of anticoagulation. We conducted a thorough literature search through PubMed and could find only nine cases of spontaneous subdural hematoma secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Rare sequelae following ventriculoatrial shunt: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Gopal Vinu , Peethambaran Anil
Published: February 2016

Ventriculoatrial shunt (VA) is one of the oldest solutions for hydrocephalus. However over subsequent years various complication of VA shunt such as obstructions, malposition, shunt infections, cardiac complications such as endocarditis, traumatic perforation, heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, intraatrial thrombus, and pulmonary hypertension are reported. Hence, VA shunt procedure has fallen into disrepute. Still VA shunt may be a good option in selected patients with hostile peritoneum. Newer placement strategies and monitoring methods have been put forward to reduce complication following VA shunt. In this case report, we share a rare case of endocarditis with tricuspid regurgitation following a migrated retained calcified shunt tube in the right ventricle of heart 30 years after of VA shunt that was successfully managed.
Spontaneous closure of posttraumatic high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula following cerebral angiography
Authors: Meena Ugan , Gupta Pankaj , Shrivastava Trilochan , Purohit Devendra
Published: February 2016

Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) is a direct communication between cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and cavernous sinus due to tear in ICA. Most of the cases are treated by endovascular embolization. Spontaneous resolution of high-flow TCCFs is extremely rare. We report a case of posttraumatic, direct, high-flow carotid cavernous fistula (Barrow type A) that resolved spontaneously after cerebral angiography.
Resolution of aspergillosis in neuroimaging of an immunocompromised patient with pulmonary and cerebral lesions
Authors: Meidani Mohsen , Hakamifard Atousa , Sarrami Amir
Published: February 2016

Central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is uncommon and considered the most lethal form of aspergillosis. Indeed, current therapeutic strategies such as combination antifungal regimen, neurosurgical resection of infected tissue, and removal of infection source fail to improve the unsatisfactory prognosis of CNS aspergillosis in the majority of the patients. The authors describe a case of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis with concomitant CNS lesions that dramatically responded to antifungal therapy and the CNS lesions resolved in follow-up imaging.
Secondary Advanced Abdominal Pregnancy after Suspected Ruptured Cornual Pregnancy with Good Maternal Outcome: A Case with Unusual Gangrenous Fetal Toes and Ultrasound Diagnoses Managed by Hysterectomy
Authors: El-Agwany Ahmed Samy , El-badawy El-sayed , El-habashy Ahmed , El-gammal Hesham , Abdelnaby Mahmoud
Published: February 2016

Incidence of abdominal pregnancy is accounting for 1.4% of all ectopic pregnancies. This is a rare case report of a 35-year-old multigravida who was presented to our hospital at 24 weeks of gestation with advanced live intraabdominal pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound. The patient was followed up till 28 weeks in hospital for medicolegal viability in Egypt. Midline laparotomy was done, a live baby was delivered, and hysterectomy was done for attached placenta. Mother was discharged in good health, and baby was admitted in neonatal intensive care unit with no congenital anomalies and died after three weeks of sepsis. The management of advanced abdominal pregnancy remains controversial. Diagnosis and management of advanced abdominal pregnancy is still a challenge to today's medical world. But high index of suspicion aided with imaging studies can help in timely diagnosis, thereby preventing the associated life-threatening complications.
On the Digits of Sumsets
Authors: Mauduit Christian , Joël Rivat  , Sárközy András
Published: February 2016

Let 𝒜 andbe large subsets of {1,… , N}. We study the number of pairs (a, b) ∊ 𝒜 ×such that the sum of binary digits of a + b is fixed.
A New Alternative Technique for Denture Identification
Authors: Jain Ashish R , Sindhu P , Krishnan CJ Venkata
Published: February 2016

Forensic science deals with examining and gathering information related to an accident or a crime scene. The contribution of prosthodontics to forensic odontology is highly significant after the invention of denture labeling techniques. Personal identification is inevitable in case of accident, loss of memory, state of unconsciousness and in hospitals. Labeled dentures can remarkably help identify the dead after disasters and accidents. Since then various denture markers were described in literature. This case report highlights an alternative technique of denture identification wherein a quick response code (QR code) is incorporated into the processed denture using a clear acrylic sheet instead of self cure acrylic resin.

How to cite this article

Jain AR, Sindhu P, Krishnan CJV, Chandran CR. A New Alternative Technique for Denture Identification. World J Dent 2015;6(3):188-192.