bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interdependency of Variables
Authors: Gaddis John Lewis
Published: October 2023

Not long ago I attended a conference at a distinguished American university with an equally distinguished group of political scientists. The subject was case studies—how to do them, and in particular how to extract meaningful generalizations from them. During the presentations, there was a good deal of talk, as there always seems to be when social scientists gather, about the need to distinguish independent from dependent variables. The single most frequently asked question was: “How can we tease out the independent variable”

I’d participated in many such meetings in the past and had always found it hard to answer such queries. This was partly because all this talk about “teasing out” had me imagining my scholarly colleagues as hairdressers, which was distracting. The larger problem, though, was that historians don’t think in terms of independent and dependent variables. We assume the interdependency of variables as we trace their interconnections through time. Sorting them into separate categories just isn’t very useful to us.
Unavoidable Topics in Ethical Theory
Authors: Benjamin Martin , Curtis Joy
Published: October 2023

Ethical inquiry in everyday life and in health care often proceeds without formal recourse to ethical theory. Questions may be clarified, distinctions drawn, arguments examined, and solutions found without appealing to theoretical considerations about the nature and justification of basic moral principles. Thus, the fact that two people have different foundations for their ethical views is sometimes irrelevant to the resolution of a particular problem. Suppose, for example, a question arises over whether everything possible should be done to prolong the life of an elderly man in a nursing home. Suppose, too, that he has no known family and that the decision must be made by the staff. One person, A, might argue that the man should be treated because not to do so would be to violate the duty to preserve and prolong life. Another person, B, might also argue that the man should be treated, but for different reasons.
Migrant Years (1879-1889)
Authors: Gilman Sander L
Published: October 2023

Later (in 1880-83) Nietzsche lived with us several more times. Unfortunately I was seldom able to display my talents as a housewife to him. He preferred to eat by himself, though he visited us for hours; the only thing he accepted was a lightly brewed tea and a few English cakes. He then sat on the sofa in my husband’s study or on a certain armchair in the living room, with his back to the white stove, looking at my husband, who sat opposite him, or at the dark curtain. He spoke softly, with few gestures; and so did we, avoiding all noise inside or outside the doors. Later, when he lived with us, he often was sick. Strong broths had to be prepared, and he had to stay in bed. But when he was well, we sat cheerfully together at table, and a good meal could be served. I also took part in short hikes, out to the Neubad or to Heinrich’s garden on Binninger Street, where Nietzsche was housed most modestly and was a good neighbor to the simple people of the house.
Public Order: The Individual and the Rule of Law.
Authors: Kohl Lawrence Frederick
Published: October 2023

All societies, in order to ensure their continued existence, must produce some degree of conformity among the people who live in them. Traditionally, this conformity was produced by consensus, deference, or coercion. Most commonly, some consensus on the range of acceptable behavior was built up gradually over time and subsequently exercised a powerful influence on those who were reared within it. Its full impact was rarely felt, since long before conflict came into the open, it had been quietly averted by the gentle shaping of each individual to “fit in.” Where authority vested in a superior class was accepted, elites set down the proper patterns of behavior for those who customarily deferred to them.
Economic Inequality: The Individual and the Social Hierarchy
Authors: Kohl Lawrence Frederick
Published: October 2023

“The American people may be mistaken as to men and measures,” wrote Orestes Brownson, “but we are confident that in principle they will all assent to the doctrine of equality.”3 Both Whigs and Democrats believed that no man was born booted and spurred and ready to ride, while others came into the world merely to be ridden. The natural rights of all white men were equal, and it was the responsibility of society to protect those rights. Equality before God, equality before the law, and even political equality were generally accepted in the age of Jackson. Yet important inequalities remained.
The French Campaign 1946–1947
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

The distinctive natural characteristics of Vietnam and its neighbors have exerted a profound influence on military operations in all Indochina wars. These natural characteristics (geography, topography, climate, transportation facilities, vegetation, and demography) have had significant impact on such key decisions as when and where to fight, how to fight, and how to supply and support combat operations. They must be understood by anyone seeking to comprehend the “why” of the tactics and strategies of the wars waged for so many years in the Indochina peninsula. Vietnam is located on the east side of the Indochinese peninsula between 9° and 23° North latitude.
Dien Bien Phu, The Battle 12 March–7 May 1954
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

The key to understanding any battle lies in an analysis of the comparative size, armament, disposition, and quality of the opposing forces. On 13 March 1953, around Dien Bien Phu, Giap had 49,000 combat soldiers, plus 10,000 to 15,000 logistical support personnel. The Vietminh combat force was composed of the 308th, the 312th, and the 316th Infantry Divisions, two independent regiments, the 148th and the 57th (the latter from the 304th Division), and the 351st Heavy Division. Counted by infantry battalions (the basic assault unit), Giap had thirty-three battalions-twenty-seven poised to attack the French camp and six disposed to block any French units from Laos which might seek to join the beleaguered garrison.
lnterbella 1954–1964
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

The pundits of academia hold that in war there are no victors, only losers. This may be true in some abstruse philosophical sense, but soldiers and statesmen know better. They know that there are always winners and losers, and in Indochina War I the Vietminh won and the French lost. They lost not only a war, but their Asiatic empire with it.
William Childs Westmoreland :The Inevitable General
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

To understand America’s involvement in Vietnam, one must know some thing of the principal architects of that involvement. The character and personalities of President Lyndon B. Johnson, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, and Secretary of State Dean Rusk have been thoroughly dissected and documented. Not nearly as much is known, however, about the military architects of American policy and strategy in the Vietnam War: such men as the chairman of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen. Earle G. (“Bus”) Wheeler; the commander in chief, Pacific, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant (“Oley”) Sharp; and perhaps most important of all, the two United States commanders in Vietnam, Gen. William C. (“Westy”) Westmoreland, and his successor, Gen. Creighton W. (“Abe”) Abrams.
General Creighton W. Abrams: One of a Kind
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

Gen. Creighton W. Abrams died on 4 September 1974 while holding the office of chief of staff, United States Army, the first officer to die in that position. The mighty hastened to lay their laudatory wreaths around Abe’s bier. President Ford’s offering-a modest one-praised Abrams as a rare combination-a man of action who was also a firstclass administrator. Abrams’ successor, Gen. Fred C. Weyand, went further, describing Abrams as “ one of a kind,” and Secretary of Defense Schlesinger topped them all when he acclaimed Abrams as “an authentic national hero.” Now the cynic would say that such paeans are the usual building blocks of eulogies, but in Abe’s case the cynic would be wrong. I don’t know whether Abrams was “an authentic national hero,” because, as Abe used to say, the term evaporates when you look closely at it, but he was without doubt one of a kind.
Totus Porcus: The Whole Hog 1972
Authors: Davidson Phillip B
Published: October 2023

On 30 March 1972, Hanoi launched the so-called Easter offensive, a massive invasion by conventional forces in an effort to win the war militarily. The North Vietnamese employed about 125,000 men in four teen divisions and twenty-six separate regiments, supported by hundreds of tanks and artillery pieces. This force amounted to some twenty divisions (more divisions, incidentally, than George Patton ever commanded in World War II). To man this offensive, Giap used every NVA division and separate regiment in both North and South Vietnam, every NVA combat unit in Laos except the 316th NVA Division and four independent infantry regiments.1 In contrast to the Tet offensive, the Viet Cong played almost no role in the Easter offensive.
Almost A Revolution
Authors: Appelbaum Paul S
Published: October 2023

Doubts about the reality of mental illness and the benefits of psychiatric treatment helped foment a revolution in the law's attitude toward mental disorders over the last 25 years. Legal reformers pushed for laws to make it more difficult to hospitalize and treat people with mental illness, and easier to punish them when they committed criminal acts. Advocates of reform promised vast changes in how our society deals with the mentally ill; opponents warily predicted chaos and mass suffering. Now, with the tide of reform ebbing, Paul Appelbaum examines what these changes have wrought. The message emerging from his careful review is a surprising one: less has changed than almost anyone predicted. When the law gets in the way of commonsense beliefs about the need to treat serious mental illness, it is often put aside. Judges, lawyers, mental health professionals, family members, and the general public collaborate in fashioning an extra-legal process to accomplish what they think is fair for persons with mental illness. Appelbaum demonstrates this thesis in analyses of four of the most important reforms in mental health law over the past two decades: involuntary hospitalization, liability of professionals for violent acts committed by their patients, the right to refuse treatment, and the insanity defense. This timely and important work will inform and enlighten the debate about mental health law and its implications and consequences. The book will be essential for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, lawyers, and all those concerned with our policies toward people with mental illness.
Introduction
Authors: Baranowski Shelley
Published: October 2023

EARLY ONE WINTER morning in 1945 as the Soviet armies encircled their eastern Pomeranian estate, the remaining members of the von Krockow family prepared to carry out the suicide pact they had sorrowfully composed to avoid falling victim to Germany’s enemies. Although World War II had already claimed the lives of two sons and one son-in-law; the remnant of that distinguished Junker clan reached the unspoken consensus that its self-destruction comprised the only plausible solution. Reports from German refugees of Soviet atrocities farther east, committed especially against the owners of large landed estates, convinced the family of the impossibility of escape. The family’s stepfather and patriarch, Baron Jesko von Puttkamer, ever conscious of himself as a symbol of a way of life that was soon to meet its brutal end, dressed in his uniform bedecked with the decorations of service in two world wars.Suddenly, as the family gathered for the last time in the estate’s park, Jesko’s stepdaughter, Libussa, halted, refusing to take her own life for the sake of the child she carried. Believing that Libussa was simply afraid, her stoical mother, Jesko’s wife, urged her daughter to have faith in “what was written on the cross: Fear not, only trust in the lord.” DespiteJesko’s helpless protests, Libussa’s determination to bring her child into the world, even though it faced a precarious future, undermined the family’s agreement.’
Entertainment
Authors: Barnouw Erik , Kirkland Catherine E
Published: October 2023

Entertainment, entertaining guests, and entertaining an idea have in common the root word entertain (from the Latin tenere), meaning to hold or to keep steady, busy, or amused. The mod ern definition of entertainment is any narrative, PERFORMANCE, or other experience that can be sold to and enjoyed by large and heterogeneous groups of people. It is usually sought for its own sake rather than for informational, educational, therapeutic, or other instrumental purposes. Thus the term is useful for commercial purposes in selling cultural commodities of broad general appeal. However, the term obscures the fact that entertainment also has informational content that usually cultivates conventional themes, outlooks, and perspectives. This is why some analysts have called entertainment “information for those who seek no information” and consider it a powerful ideological force in any society. The modern concept of entertainment began to evolve with the transition in societies from Oral Culture to writing. For the first time storytelling could transcend barriers of time and distance, reaching audiences not known to or even conceived of by the teller.
Proverb
Authors: Hasan-Rokem Galit
Published: October 2023

A verbal Genre of folklore also widely employed in literary contexts. The proverb is seldom more than one sentence long, and it usually expresses one main idea. The message of the proverb is formulated in a way that implies a summary of the wisdom of collective experience. This effect is often enhanced by the insertion of introductory formulas at the beginning (such as “It is said ... “ or “The old people say ... “), the specific wording of the formula following the poetic conventions of the culture and the kind of authority upheld by its norms. Poetic language, rhyme, rhythm and/or meter, alliteration, assonance, repetition, and other devices associated with oral forms may be used. Like all genres of verbal FOLKLORE, the proverb has multiple uses and is performed in recurring situations. The folkloristic research of proverbs is usually called paremiology. Many proverbs have an international distribution, and the genre as a whole, as well as specific proverbs, have frequently been studied in distributional and comparative perspective. Distribution has in some cases been explained as a result of cultural contact but is also ascribed to similarities of circumstance and experience.
Riddle
Authors: Green Thomas A
Published: October 2023

In general usage, an act of playful communication in which a party poses a witty question to a respondent who is obligated to offer an apt reply. Folklorists commonly distinguish between a larger class of traditional questions designed to confuse or test a respondent and the riddle per se. The riddle per se is felt to require (1) an (at least) implied question-and-answer structure, (2) a solution reachable through information contained in the question, (3) a basis in the general cultural knowledge of performer and respondents (shared language, worldview, and/ or tropes), and (4) a slot within a particular tradition and Performance context. The riddle is one of the oldest and most culturally wide spread of FOLKLORE genres (see Genre). Examples have been found in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Sanskrit traditions. One of the most notable examples from antiquity is the Riddle of the Sphinx, which is the story of the half-woman, half-animal who would fly to the walls of the citadel of Thebes and ask a riddle of the young men there: “What is it that goes on four legs in the morning, two at midday, and three in the evening?” When the young men could not answer correctly, she ate them.
Music, Folk and Traditional
Authors: Titan Jeff Todd
Published: October 2023

Generally speaking, folk music comprises traditional, orally transmitted, and regionally and ethnically based genres of mu sic, often performed in small groups with a major everyday emphasis on face-to-face communication and social interaction (see Genre; Interaction, Face-To-Face). Early folklorists understood folk songs to differ both from popular music (tainted by professionalism, the profit motive, and mass media) and from art music (composed and per formed for an urban, educated elite). Folk songs, they thought, could be found only among an agrarian, illiterate peasantry; literacy, urbanization, and modernization were thought to work against folk tradition. This formulation meant that students of folk song were fated to preside over dying artifacts and that the nature and quality of folk song among descendants of settlers in the New World must be derivative and inferior. But as many of those European peasant cultures disappeared during the twentieth century, folklorists observed that folk songs and folk processes were alive and well among European and American working classes and well-knit ethnic groups, whether in rural areas or in cities.
Artifact
Authors: Babcock Barbara A
Published: October 2023

The word (arte + factum) literally means “something made by skill or craft” and may refer to any artificial product. In common usage, artifact denotes an object manufactured or modified by human hands. Most dictionary definitions and representative examples not only confer simplicity and primitiveness upon artifacts, but are themselves deceptively simple, concealing both the tangled connotations of the term and the over whelming diversity and complexity of human makings as well as the uses, meanings, and valuations thereof. The domain of artifacts (otherwise known as material Culture) has been endlessly subdivided and variously modified: implements, tools, weapons, ornaments, domestic utensils, religious objects, antiquities, primitive artifacts, folk materials, vintage clothing, and so on. The primary division, however, is into practical or utilitarian versus aesthetic or expressive things, with “artifact” or “craft” usually denoting the former and “art” or “art object” the latter. This distinction is problematic and confusing and is best discarded because the idea of art as a separate category of things “beyond necessity” is alien to most of the world’s cul tures. All artifacts have an aesthetic dimension, and aesthetic valuation is extremely relative.
Democracy and the CIA
Authors: Johnson Loch K
Published: October 2023

With the National Security Act of 1947, and amendments in 1949, the U.S. government established the contemporary intelligence community. In the years to follow, the public and even most government officials were privy to little in, formation about its workings. This state of ignorance changed dramatically in the wake of a series of articles published by the New York Times throughout December 1974. These reports claimed that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-the most prominent of the U.S. intelligence agencies--had engaged in unsavory covert operations during the 1960s against the democratically elected government of Chile and, more startling, had resorted to espionage operations at home (on a “massive” scale, concluded Times correspondent Seymour M. Hersh).
The Purpose of American Intelligence
Authors: Johnson Loch K
Published: October 2023

In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland the White Rabbit sought counsel from the King of Hearts on the art of presenting evidence. “Begin at the beginning,” the King sensibly advised, “and go on till you come to the end: then stop.” To begin at the beginning, the origins of American intelligence coincide with the birth of the nation. Even during these early stirrings, the leaders of the Revolution were well aware of the vital role intelligence operations would play in a successful war of independence.
The Huston Plan
Authors: Johnson Loch K
Published: October 2023

In the aftermath of the Iran-contra affair (1985-86), Lt. Col. Oliver L. North of the Reagan administration received widespread notoriety as the “action-officer” who guided the controversial operations. North served as an aide to President Reagan’s assistant for national security affairs, Vice Adm. John M. Poindexter, on the NSC staff. In this capacity, he became deeply involved in the White House scheme to sell arms secretly to Iran in exchange for that country’s help in gaining the release of American hostages held in the Middle East.
The CIA and the Media
Authors: Johnson Loch K
Published: October 2023

Deep within the Soviet Union, some five hundred miles from Mongolia, lies the town of Krasnoyarsk. Few locations on the face of the earth are so remote and obscure; yet in 1983 Krasnoyarsk became a name of importance in the annals of arms control, for here the Soviets began construction of a controversial “phased array” radar station. The true purpose of this facility, hotly debated within arms control circles, held potentially sweeping implications for the future of arms talks and relations between the superpowers.
Colonial Minority: Traders in the Village
Authors: Hatley Tom
Published: October 2023

EXACTLY how many colonial traders passed through the Cherokee towns in the early years is impossible to say. Certainly there was an ample supply of declared “Indian traders” in Proprietary-era South Carolina. By one accounting, over 10 percent of the white male population fell into this category, and continuing immigration into the colony soon added significantly to their ranks. While most of these men never ventured directly into the Cherokee towns, a few took the risk. Traders and the merchants who backed them were at the top of the income ladder, and factors, or agents, of the Charlestown trading houses could make nearly twice the wage of “those who oversee Plantations.” “Self-ended traders,” unaffiliated with merchants, occasionally found the trade to be even more lucrative, while others came in order to put a comfortable distance between themselves and the colonial authorities. However, the growing populations of the seaboard colonies had, by the 1730s, increased sharply the number engaged in the trade. In Georgia alone by 1740, “the traders, pack-horse-men, servants, townsmen, and others depending on that business,’’ arriving in the spring to do business at newly established Augusta, were “moderately computed about six hundred white men, who live by their trade.”
“Their Country is the Key of Carolina”
Authors: Hatley Tom
Published: October 2023

DURING the decades of the 1720s through the 1740s, official contact between the colony and tribal mountain towns had been sporadic, and intercultural politics had for the most part been overshadowed by the ebb and flow of trade. On again off again hostilities between the Cherokees and the Creeks sometimes interrupted steady routines. The Carolinians at times attempted to mediate or exacerbate this conflict—depending on their reading of the costs and benefits to themselves—while always looking for the French behind the scene. However, there was a constant logic in their western policy beyond opposition to the French. The Carolinians, in this and other contexts, still hoped to gain the prize they imagined would secure them the interior: a firm alliance with the Cherokees. During the Yamassee War the English had sought out village brokers such as the Tugaloo Conjurer and Caesar, but by the late 1720s they were increasingly concerned with formally cementing their connection with their tribal neighbors. When Cherokee authorities could not be easily identified, the English attempted to create for themselves Cherokees of rank worthy enough to negotiate with the King’s representatives.
The Great Amateur Era
Authors: Echevarria Roberto González
Published: October 2023

Where did all those baseball players who swelled the Cuban League come from? How and where did they develop? Baseball cannot be learned quickly because it demands finesse instead of brute force. Catching a fly ball, let alone a grounder, and throwing accurately are difficult skills to master. Some have claimed that hitting a moving ball with a round bat is the hardest thing to do in sports. So these players had to have been nurtured in practice and competition through a process that took years. It is a measure of how ingrained baseball was in Cuban life by the beginning of this century that little kids of all races learned to throw, catch, and hit early. There were organized teams and leagues for boys and adolescents, and both private and public schools sometimes had teams or intramural competition. But most of the baseball played by boys was unstructured. The immediate sources of talent for the Cuban League were the semiprofessional teams and leagues, sugarmill baseball, and the amateur leagues (which also included teams and tournaments in the armed forces).
The Cornwallises Send Regrets: Historical Commemoration in the 1950s
Authors: Fried Richard M
Published: October 2023

History, long prescribed as cod-liver oil for civic irregularity, remained as a sovereign remedy during the Cold War. While policymakers often rummaged for ancient precedents and lessons, some leaders wanted more of history than that. Seeking to root Americans in their past, they stressed less history’s pragmatic lessons than the inspiration to be derived from early heroes, less tested solutions than ancient values. On frequent occasions little analyzed by historians, cold-war America paid homage to a variety of hallowed places and olden times. Patriotic activists turned to history especially in times of turmoil. The aftermaths of the two world wars produced similar anxieties-and responses. Beside Red Scares, both eras displayed a softer side in efforts to instill patriotism by applying the balm of tradition to current social eruptions. On September 17, 1919, Constitution Day was marked under the aegis of the National Security League, a bulwark of “one-hundred-percent Americanism” during the war and the Red Scare. In 1920, with due pomp, Secretary of State Robert Lansing placed original copies of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution on display.
Early New England Mill Towns of the Piscataqua River Valley
Authors: Candee Richard M
Published: October 2023

Certain generalizations continue to frame our understanding of the history, architecture, and planning of New England’s textile industry. One of these key ideas was first articulated by James Montgomery, a Scottish technician who worked in New England mills during the 1830s. Montgomery differentiated between modestly capitalized factory communities centered in and around Rhode Island and larger textile manufacturing centers based on the technological organization of Waltham or Lowell to describe a landscape of northern New England corporation towns and southern New England mill villages. Just as mill owners in Rhode Island might tum to the newest mills in or around Providence to “copy their plans and style of machinery,” Montgomery saw that the larger textile corporations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts “follow the Lowell plans in the form and arrangement of the Mills, as well as the style of their machinery. “
Cost Efficiency In Belgian Municipalities
Authors: Eeckaut Philippe Vanden , Tulkens Henry , Jamar1 Marie-Astrid
Published: October 2023

In most countries, municipalities supply numerous services to the population. In the case of Belgium, in addition to the various forms of civil administration, they also provide police services, social services, educational services, and maintenance of municipal roads and infrastructure. The cost of these services appears, in an aggregate form, in the yearly accounts of each municipality. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the relation between this aggregate cost and the size of the services provided. The relation will first be viewed in terms of a usual total cost function, and then as a total cost “frontier,” using in this case various techniques of efficiency analysis. Along the way some indications will be obtained on the nature of returns-to-scale in communal activities.
The Shadow of a Dream
Authors: Coclanis Peter A
Published: October 2023

This important new book charts the economic and social rise and fall of a small, but intriguing part of the American South: Charleston and the surrounding South Carolina low country. Spanning 250 years, Coclanis's study analyzes the interaction of both external and internal forces on the city and countryside, examining the effects of various factors--the environment, the market, economic and political ideology, and social institutions--on the region's economy from its colonial beginnings to its collapse in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Strategic and Ethical Issues in the Valuation of Life
Authors: Kip Viscusi W
Published: October 2023

Traditionally, issues pertaining to the valuation of human life had been treated as strictly moral concepts, not matters to be degraded through economic analysis of choices and tradeoffs. However, as Schelling (1968) observed, substantial insight can be obtained by assessing the benefits of risk reduction in the same manner as we value other economic effects. In general, the appropriate benefit measure for risk reductions is the willingness to pay to produce the particular outcome.1 Similarly, the selling price for changes in risk establishes the value for risk increases.
Evidence on the Value of Life: Case Studies from the Labor Market
Authors: Kip Viscusi W
Published: October 2023

A substantial body of research now addresses the value of individuals’ risk-dollar tradeoffs, the focal point of the value-of-life debate. This chapter provides an introduction to this literature by considering in detail two studies from the labor market. This discussion provides a more detailed perspective on the nature of the empirical studies than does Chapter 4, which provides a comprehensive survey of the entire literature on the value of risks to life and health.
Introduction
Authors: Crittenden Jack
Published: October 2023

Government, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, “is the greatest of all reflections on human nature,” and if we know what human nature is, then we can, as Edmund Burke suggested, adjust our politics to it. But political philosophers have held—for convenience, on principle, and fortuitously—various and conflicting conceptions of human nature.
Introduction
Authors: Riasanovsky Nicholas V
Published: October 2023

I have been interested in romanticism since childhood. Romanticism meant romantic literature, especially poetry, which I could read in three languages (French, Russian, and English) then and a few others later on. As to romantic thought, ideology, or outlook—call it what you will—although I have always considered it inseparable from poetry, I was eager to learn more about it from whatever source and thus became an avid reader of all kinds of romantic literature as well as literature about romanticism.
The Emergence of Romanticism in Germany
Authors: Riasanovsky Nicholas V
Published: October 2023

Die Lieb’ ist frey gegeben,

Und keine Trennung mehr.

Es wogt das volle Leben

Wie ein unendlich Meer,

Nur eine Nacht der Wonne—

Ein ewiges Gedicht—

Und unser aller Sonne

1st Gottes Angesicht.

Love is freely given,

Separation is no more.

Full life rolls on

Like an endless sea.

Only one night of ecstasy—

An eternal poem—

And the sun for all of us

Is the countenance of God.
The Movement Toward a New America
Authors: Anderson Terry H
Published: October 2023

During the month of the Kent State tragedy, activist Mitchell Goodman and his friends published a massive collage of documents from hundreds of underground papers. These members of the Great Conspiracy commune entitled their book The Movement Toward a New America: The Beginnings of a Long Revolution. This movement, of course, had been under way since Greensboro. The first wave crested in 1968 when Paul Booth wrote, “We are the young people of the new American left, educated in the social movements of the sixties, now attempting to define a politics appropriate to our ambition of building a new America.” That ambition appeared to be on the verge of becoming reality in the two years after Kent State, for during the early 1970s the second wave crested, broke, and splashed against the bedrock of the American establishment, creating a cultural and political whirlpool that had not been seen since the progressive era of the early twentieth century.
Legacies The Sea Change
Authors: Anderson Terry H
Published: October 2023

But . . . how difficult for a baby boomer to let go; how difficult to summarize an era that changed the lives of so many Americans. Writing legacies of any recent era is fraught with peril. Consider this: How different would an evaluation of the movement be if this chapter had been written after the electoral triumphs of Jimmy Carter, or Ronald Reagan, or Bill Clinton? Or consider this: How differently do Americans evaluate the sixties? Conservatives generally loathe the instability of the era, the extreme behavior, the “permissiveness.” They might agree with George Will, who in the 1990s bashed away: “Has there ever been such politically barren radicalism as that of the Sixties? . . . The Sixties are dead. Not a moment too soon/’ Liberals often dislike the excesses and violence but feel that many changes eventually were beneficial to the nation, labeling it a progressive era. College students then and parents now most likely recall a period of excitement, challenges, hopes, disappointments, new values, and they might agree with Todd Gitlin: “Unraveling, rethinking, refusing to take for granted, thinking without limits—that calling was some of what I loved most in the spirit of the Sixties/’ Minorities might agree with Roger Wilkins, who when asked what he thought of the sixties simply answered, “Wonderful. It was the time that freed my people.” Former hippies might chuckle along with Carl Gottlieb—“Anyone who remembers the sixties wasn’t there”—or they might wink and say, “Far out.”
Chapter I
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

On the beautiful banks of the Delaware, about thirty miles from Philadelphia, dwelt a worthy and venerable man, by the name of Sheldon. In his younger days, he had been a considerable traveller, and had consequently seen much of the world .Some disappointments and mortifications, to which a tum of mind somewhat singular had subjected him, in some European city, had inspired him with a total dislike of all populous places. On his return, therefore, from his last foreign tour, he could not be persuaded to fix his residence in Philadelphia, the place of his nativity; but having married a wife, a necessary ingredient in man’s domestic happiness, he purchased an estate near enough to this capital of North America, to enjoy its conveniences and the society of a few of its inhabitants, for whom he had a particular friendship; and devoted himself to agriculture. One daughter was the only fruit of this connexion.-Her history, being filled with incidents of a singular nature, we are now about to give to the public.
Chapter VIII
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

Unfortunately for our lovers, the next two days being rainy, no intercourse took place between them. The subsequent morning being remarkably fine, and Mr. Sheldon quite recovered, Dorcasina dispatched the following billet to her lover, by the boy, Patrick; who, on account of his name, had become a favourite: O’Connor was somewhat perplexed, upon the receipt of this billet, as he had to invent excuses for the non-arrival of letters, for which he had never written. He was also disappointed and chagrined at the unexpected recovery of Mr. Sheldon. It blasted all the fine prospects of becoming immediate master of his property, with which, in his first illness, he had agreeably flattered himself. After revolving the matter, for some time, in his mind, he saw no other way of extricating himself from his present embarrassment, than to pretend impatience that the letters did not arrive; and urge Dorcasina to an immediate marriage. Having formed this resolution, he set out for the place of interview, where he found his mistress had just before arrived. Their meeting was such as might be expected; on his side, feigned raptures; and on her’s, real ones ill dissembled. ‘‘The ensuing scene can be easily imagined by the feeling heart; and to those devoid of sensibility, the description would be insipid; we, therefore, pass it over in silence,” and return to Mr. Sheldon.
Chapter XVIII
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

During these transactions at L--,Mr.Sheldon had fortunately made a discovery, at Philadelphia, which he flattered himself would enable him to cure his daughter of her foolish passion for O’Connor. Going one day into the court of judicature, which was then sitting, he observed at the bar a prisoner, in whom he instantly recognized that abandoned villain. The night he left L--, in the manner before related, he rode towards New York, to which city he at first intended going. Stopping in the morning at an inn on the road, he called for some breakfast, and afterwards for a bed, upon which he threw himself and slept till noon. During dinner, he observed in a cupboard, a number of silver spoons, a pair of canns, and some other small pieces of plate. His money being nearly exhausted, it struck his fancy to convert the silver he saw to his own use. He, therefore, passed the afternoon at the same place, which he employed in observing the house and the stable. He was much pleased, at finding that all the family slept above stairs, and that the chamber alloted him was directly over the treasure he had set his heart on filching. At midnight, when the family were buried in sleep, he stole softly down stairs, and, forcing the lock of the cupboard, he appropriated to himself the canns and the other articles, and left the house undiscovered. Then taking his horse from the stable, he altered his rout, and retraced his steps towards Philadelphia; intending to continue his tour into the southern states. He rode till noon, next day, without stopping for a moment, and had nearly reached the city; when being spent with fatigue and want of food, his horse also refusing to go any farther, he stopped again at an inn; and, after having dined, went directly to be d;intending, in the evening, to reach Philadelphia.
Chapter IV
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

The next morning, the cunning James, as soon as he saw Dorcasina, took the opportunity of presenting his master’s compliments, and of informing her that he felt so well that he intended doing himself the pleasure of dining below. This agreeable piece of intelligence set Dorcasina all into a flutter. She had not been in the chamber of the invalid for more than a week, consequently she had not seen him in all that time, although she fancied she had passed almost every evening in his company. She was now transported with joy, at his being so far recovered, that she could have the pleasure of seeing him below, in the day time, in company with her father. She went immediately, her countenance beaming with satisfaction, to communicate to him the joyful intelligence; after which, she added, “this ought to be a day of jubilee, and I think on such an occasion, we should call in our friends to rejoice with us. Suppose we invite Mr. and Mrs. Stanly, and Harriot, to dine with us.” “With all my heart, my dear,” replied Mr. Sheldon, “I shall be very happy to see them.” A servant was accordingly dispatched with an invitation.
Chapter XI
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

It was now April, the trees began to put forth their infant buds, the tender grass began to spring, and numerous birds were heard at early dawn, rejoicing in the rennovated year. Dorcasina, not insensible to the charms of the season, her health now improved by the almighty and irresistible power of love, dressed herself with unusual care, intending, with the assistance of John, to leave her chamber, and visit the house below, a thing she had not done for four months before.
Chapter XIII
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

On the day of this direful disaster, Miss Stanly waited, with the utmost impatience, for evening. “Twilight grey,” at length “clad all things in its sober livery,” and this charming girl hastened to her chamber, and clad herself in the military livery of her country. Her coat was blue, faced with buff, and her underclothes of the latter colour. She turned back her hair; her eyebrows, which were regular and arched, as if drawn by a pencil, she altered and enlarged with a burnt cork, and adding a little rouge to her native red, her appearance became quite masculine; and seldom have mortal eyes beheld a more beautiful young fellow than she appeared to be. Hanging a sword by her side, and throwing over the whole a broadcloth cloak, she set out, in high spirits, for the mansion of Dorcasina.
A Gift of Peace
Authors: Clark E Culpepper
Published: October 2023

When Dean Adams went public with the university ‘s view of Lucy and Myers, he turned to Wayne Phillips of the New York Times. Of all the reporters in Tuscaloosa, none took a more sympathetic approach to the university ‘s problems. Phillips was a maturing reporter who, along with Tad Szulc and Bernard Kalb, occupied the second row on the rewrite bank at the Times. These three were gifted, “very fast and lively,” and the city editor did not object when they hung a sign over their desks that proclaimed: “Greatest Bank in the World-Human Interest Compounded Nightly.”1 Phillips displayed his talent in a feature for the New York Times Magazine titled “Tuscaloosa: A Tense Drama Unfolds.”2 ‘ ‘Tuscaloosa,” he wrote, “could be a middlesized city in any part of the United States.
Class of‘65
Authors: Clark E Culpepper
Published: October 2023

The class of ‘65 experienced campus life in a radically different way. Transforming events took place during their school days. There was still time to join fraternities, to “twist and shout,” to wear madras shirts, Villager dresses, and Bass Weejun shoes; still time to sweat through hot September football games and take your girl to the drive-in theater, where an unlucky fellow might see My Fair Lady in its entirety without distraction. But slow-dancing to “Moon River” or whiling away time at Pug ‘s were happy hours enacted against a backdrop of profound change; change with which each student in the class of ‘65 would have to come to terms.
The Secularization of Technology and Work
Authors: Sommerville C John
Published: October 2023

Any discussion of the secularization of work will reveal certain assumptions. It would be well to mention them at once so that they may be tested, but also so that they can direct us to the evidence, which is slim for this most important topic. While work filled up most people’s lives, it seems to have been the last thing they wanted to write about. The hints which we find must be magnified to get a sense of their importance.
Jewish Migration in Postwar America: The Case of Miami and Los Angeles
Authors: Moore Deborah Dash
Published: October 2023

The Second World War and its aftermath ushered in a period of enormous changes for American Jews. The destruction of European Jewry shattered the familiar con tours of the Jewish world and transformed American Jews into the largest, wealthiest, most stable and secure Jewish community in the diaspora. American Jews’ extensive participation in the war effort at home and abroad lifted them out of their urban neighborhoods into the mainstream of American life. In the postwar decades, internal migration carried Jews to new and distant parts of the United States. Occurring within the radically new parameters of the postwar world-the extermination of European Jewry, the establishment of the state of Israel and the United States’ achievement of unrivaled prominence on the world political scene Jewish migration nonetheless represented a response to domestic pressures.
Calamity: 1794–1827
Authors: Nagel Paul C
Published: October 2023

Richard Bland Lee’s first campaign for a wife failed dismally. He sought to win a daughter of King Carter’s grandson and namesake, Robert Carter of Nomini Hall, a great Potomac estate situated near Lee Hall. At Christ mas time 1790, Carter loftily rejected Richard’s suit. Ostensibly, the reason was Carter’s disagreement with Congressman Lee’s political views. Perhaps equally harmful to Richard’s cause was that Carter knew all about the Lees and the rising problem at Stratford. The prospect of a daughter married to a brother of Harry Lee could not have appealed to the Carter family.
The Pharmacology of Brain Injury Repair
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno
Published: October 2023

Currently, no available medications exist that can be used clinically to repair brain damage caused by stroke or trauma. A contributing factor is that the scientific and medical community has been skeptical about the possibility of restoring function to damaged nerve cells. If most authorities believe that damage to the central nervous system and spinal cord cannot be repaired, few drug companies will invest the time and money that are required to develop new drugs.
The Display of Sovereign Prerogative
Authors: Peirce Leslie P
Published: October 2023

According to Evliya (;elebi, the seventeenth-century traveler and recorder of Ottoman customs and mores, the mosque of the valide sultan Nurbanu was “a mountain of light.”1 This was an apt tribute to the public monument of a woman whose name meant “lady of light.” Visible in other areas of the city from its location on a hill above the district of Uskiidar, this imposing structure was the only imperial mosque to be built in the capital by a member of the dynastic family between the construction of the Siileymaniye in 1557 and the mosque of Ahmet I in 1617. Completed in 1583, the year of Nurbanu’s death, her large complex included the mosque, a religious college, a school for the study of prophetic tradition, a primary school, a school to teach reading to the illiterate, a dervish convent, and a hospital. It also contained a large public complex for travelers and the homeless consisting of two hostels, small heated rooms in which visitors might rest or eat, a refectory, a soup kitchen for the poor and homeless, a storehouse, and other attendant structures.2 Nearby was located a public bath, the income from whose fees was devoted to the upkeep of the mosque and its affiliated institutions. Among the amenities of the complex noted by Evliya was the Thursday evening meal served in the soup kitchen, which featured a dish of sweetened rice colored with saffron, a treat normally reserved for weddings.3