bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Matter in Food
Authors: Lewis Dave
Published: September 2004

Deals with the identification of foreign objects found in food.
Explains the importance of tracing the origins of these complaints and
identifies the likely sources. Uses microscopy‐based methods illustrated
by photomicrographs of characteristic features.
Eat Your Words!
Authors: Hulme Cathy
Published: September 2004

Reports on “Eat Your Words!” – a developmental
health promotion project for 9 to 11‐year‐olds, which aims to encourage
children to become discerning food consumers. Funded by the Consumers′
Association Jubilee Award, the project is a joint initiative between the
National Forum for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Bloomsbury and
Islington Health Promotion Department, the British Dietetic Association
and Camden Local Education Authority. It aims to counter the pressure of
promotion and advertising from the food industry when the hidden
messages contradict national guidelines for a healthy diet. Primary
schools within the London Borough of Camden will trial and evaluate the
resources during 1992, after which the materials will be reviewed and
revised for nationwide distribution.
Sensory Characteristics of Food
Authors: Watson Martin
Published: September 2004

Sensory Science has a number of analytical tools at its disposal,
one of which is descriptive analysis. This is an objective method where
the assessments are strictly controlled. Unlike consumer tests, the
appearance, odour, flavour, texture and mouthfeel can be accurately
described and measured. Once the panel has agreed and defined the terms,
the members then profile the various products, giving each attribute a
quantitative score. The methods used to present the data, once they have
undergone statistical analysis, can vary from simple star diagrams, to
complex generalized Procrustes plots.
Gin
Authors: Hughes Nina
Published: September 2004

Describes the nature of gin and how it got its name, the history of
gin from its creation for use as a medicine, its rise in popularity and
how this created a major social problem through to its current regained
respectability, the range of botanicals used in its production with the
sources of the major ingredients. Explains its production, describing
the gin still operation and the subsequent dilution and blending, the
range of different types of gins available throughout the world,
including both “true” gins and other beverages known as gin.
Measuring Energy Expenditure to Predict Requirements
Authors: Haggarty Paul
Published: September 2004

Describes the importance of estimating energy requirements and the
relationship between energy expenditure and requirements. To estimate
habitual expenditure, and hence requirements, it is necessary to make
measurements over long enough periods to take account of daily variation
in expenditure (e.g weekday versus weekend) and the methodology adopted
should not require that the subjects leave their normal environment or
alter their typical activity pattern. Discusses traditional methods of
measuring energy expenditure together with their limitations. Outlines
the advantages of the doubly labelled water method for estimating
habitual energy expenditure and describes the theoretical basis of the
method. However, to estimate requirements as described by recent
Department of Health and FAO/WHO/UNU reports requires the application of
both the doubly labelled water method and traditional methodologies.
Also discusses the usefulness of simultaneous heart rate monitoring.
Investigating the Diet of “Organic Eaters”
Authors: Holt Georgina
Published: September 2004

The preliminary findings of a survey of regular consumers of
organic food are presented. The research was designed to investigate
dietary change in contemporary society with particular reference to the
minority, but nevertheless influential, interest in organic produce.
Four hundred and fifty consumers were surveyed through wholefood shops
and organic shops, by questionnaire and also by completion of
diet‐diaries. Concerns the questionnaire results regarding changes in
composition of diet (major food groups) from childhood and how these
changes compare with the national average consumption.
Fat‐spreading Habits of Children
Authors: Stephen A.D. , Wise A.
Published: September 2004

In a study of fat‐spreading habits of children, it was found that
most children were already spreading by the age of five years and that
their habits did not appear to change during the age range of five‐11
years. Few factors were found to explain individual differences in
amount spread on bread, but families choosing spreads for spreadability
may encourage a greater amount of spread, children copying others may
use more, and children having difficulty using knives may use less
spread than others.
Call for Recipes
Authors: Blades Mabel , Smith Caroline
Published: September 2004

Dietary advice is extremely important to patients′ well‐being and
control of disorders such as diabetes. A mini‐survey of dietetic
outpatients was carried out at Bedford Hospital, and 51 patients were
chosen at random. It was felt that, while patients understood their
diet, they wanted more help in implementing their diet with a request
for recipes being high on the list.
Changes During Frying: MAJOR AND MINOR NUTRIENT LEVELS IN VEGETABLE OILS HIGH IN POLYUNSATURATES
Authors: Nichols B. , Thaxton G. , Nolan S.
Published: September 2004

In recent years, the preparation of food by frying has, for a
variety of reasons, been widely discouraged. The work described here was
aimed at establishing the validity of some of the given reasons,
especially with respect to changes in the levels of major and minor
nutrients in the frying medium. The results of this study indicate that
at 170°C the frying process does not introduce nutritionally
undesirable changes in oils high in polyunsaturates, particularly with
respect to decreasing polyunsaturate and Vitamin E content, and in
increasing the level of trans fatty acids.
Food Check
Authors: Worsfold Denise
Published: September 2004

The Women′s Royal Voluntary Service is a voluntary organization
which plays an important role in providing food for the elderly in the
community. Food Check is an internal audit system designed for WRVS food
and hospital projects. It aims to provide the service with information
on how well its many food projects comply with food safety law and food
industry guidelines. The system consists of a Food Check Manual which
establishes the standard against which food projects can be compared and
measured. The manual is used in conjunction with an audit schedule which
has a series of questions which require a positive or negative response.
The WRVS holds training sessions for hygiene auditors which provide
guidance on how to conduct proficient inspections. The benefits of
regular hygiene audits for food project organizers include
familiarization with the details of routine practices and procedures and
the ability to provide enforcement officers with relevant documentation.
HOME‐GROWN WHEAT: FACTORS WHICH AFFECT BREAD‐MAKING
QUALITIES
Authors: Bhandari Dhan
Published: September 2004

Reviews the factors affecting bread‐making quality in UK wheat:
condition; milling quality (endosperm quality, high flour yield and good
flour colour); water absorption; baking quality; protein quantity and
quality; α‐amylase activity.
NMR Spectroscopy in Food Science
Authors: Colquhoun Ian J.
Published: September 2004

Introduces the principles of NMR spectroscopy. Food scientists have
made increasing use of this technology in recent years and the trend is
likely to continue with the introduction of methods for solids and
multiphase systems, isotope ratio measurements and magnetic resonance
imaging. Describes food‐related applications in the major divisions of
the subject: high resolution NMR, low resolution (pulsed) NMR and
relaxation time measurements. Applications emphasized include deuterium
NMR for sample authentication, low resolution NMR analysis for fats and
oils and studies of the state of water in foods.
Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults
Authors: Lee Susan
Published: September 2004

Gives a brief overview of the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of
British Adults, listing a few of the findings and some of the ways that
the data have already been used within Government. Some suggestions for
further analyses are also outlined. Anyone interested in using the data
(now available for secondary analyses) can join a new user group. A free
newsletter, which gives information on how the data are being used and
provides a discussion forum for issues related to survey data, is also
available.
What Do Nutritionists in Industry Do?
Authors: Ruxton C.H.S. , Kirk T.R.
Published: September 2004

Reports a market survey, investigating the role of nutritionists
within the food industry, of 50 organizations by semi‐structured
telephone interview. Results demonstrated a strong commitment to
nutrition input in areas such as product development and marketing: 80
per cent of the organizations surveyed currently employed at least one
nutritionist. Concludes that the role of the nutritionist in this
relatively new area is increasing in importance.
Women Vegetarians
Authors: Neale R.J. , Tilston C.H. , Gregson K. , Stagg T.
Published: September 2004

Describes an in‐depth study of the attitudes to food, food consumption patterns and health of young vegetarian women (aged 15‐30). Studies women as the ratio of female to male vegetarians is 2:1. Self‐completed questionnaires formed the basis of the study and provided information on length of time and degree of commitment to vegetarianism, affect on social relationships, and moral and health factors and food factors influencing the decision to become vegetarian. Food factors appeared to be less distinctive than moral and health factors. Concludes that more research is required, particularly into the strict vegan section of the population.
DOMESTIC FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE: EDUCATING THE CONSUMER
Authors: Simpson Susan
Published: September 2004

Improved legislation controlling the major components of the food
chain cannot ensure that food leaving the food retailer will remain safe
until it is consumed. Mishandling of food in the home contributes to a
significant number of food poisoning cases each year. A survey conducted
in West Glamorgan in 1991 identified a lack of understanding by many
respondents in several aspects of food safety and hygiene. Some weak
points in knowledge relate to factors that have been acknowledged for
many years, while others relate to the use of appliances in the kitchen
and “new” food products. A multitude of educational material
is available to the general public from many sources, but its
effectiveness is questioned.
MAFF'S Food Micromodel
Authors: Smithers Gillian
Published: September 2004

The National Diet and Nutrition Survey programme has been set up by
the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Department of
Health, to monitor the diet and nutritional status of the population.
Describes the nutrient databank used in the surveys, which now includes
the levels of 54 nutrients in over 5,000 foods. The way in which foods
in the databank are grouped and the need for the level of detail used
for coding is explained, using examples. A list of the nutrients on the
databank is given and the sources from which the nutrient data are
derived are indicated. The ways in which the databank may develop in
future are also outlined.
Food Management: A New Course in Higher Education
Authors: Dyson Allan
Published: September 2004

Describes the development of a new BSc (Hons) Food Management
course: formulation of the initial concept; market research; definition
and development of the course; quality assurance; and the successful
launch. The core concept of “food management” is that it
selects and integrates information from a range of disciplines and
applies relevant aspects to the management of food provision. Market
research investigated: existing food‐related courses offered by higher
education establishments; the views of a broad cross‐section of the food
industry elicited to determine the essential knowledge, skills and
attitudes expected from graduates; the needs of past, current and
potential students. The positive and consistent findings showed such a
course would be well received. It was launched in 1992.
Breaking the Dietary Deadlock
Authors: Silverstone Rob
Published: September 2004

Reviews changes in patterns of UK food and drink consumption over
the past decade. While increased interest in healthy eating is a
significant consumer trend the nutritional profile has not improved.
Discusses this and the possible reasons for it.
Organic Foods in Catering
Authors: Egberg Mikkelsen Bent
Published: September 2004

Discusses popularity of organic foods and problems associated with
introducing them into a catering kitchen: supply, distribution, variable
quality, price.
What Use Are Computers in Nutrition?
Authors: Seaman Claire E.A. , Kirk Terry R.
Published: September 2004

As the range of computer software available to nutritionists
increases, choosing software becomes more complex and more important.
Provides an overview of the types of software available and the uses to
which that software might be put. Considers software in four broad
groups: (1) wordprocessing packages; (2) data storage and statistical
analysis packages; (3) nutritional analysis packages; and (4)
educational packages. Considers the conditions under which different
software packages are useful and gives examples of software from each
group. Provides addresses for further information about the software
packages described in the text. Much of the software available is
designed for use with personal computers (PCs), mainframe computers or
Apple Macintosh computers, but also studies nutritional software
designed for use with an electronic personal organizer. A vast range of
the available nutritional analysis software can be used on a PC or an
Apple Macintosh, but a system which fits easily into a pocket, such as
the Psion Personal Organiser, has certain advantages, especially for
those researchers who wish to take a computer with them while collecting
data.
Breakfast Habits in Children
Authors: Ruxton C.H.S. , Kirk T.R. , Belton N.R. , Holmes M.A.M.
Published: September 2004

Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day
and its consumption has been linked with aspects of health, such as
nutrient intake and cognitive powers. Aims to review some of the
literature on the subject and present new data on breakfast consumption
patterns from the authors′ dietary survey of Scottish schoolchildren.
Frequency of breakfast consumption and type of breakfast chosen was
investigated in boys and girls in low and high socio‐economic groups.
Few children missed breakfast and the most popular choice was
ready‐to‐eat (RTE) breakfast cereal. Children from the low
socio‐economic group tended to favour bread or toast. Differences in
nutrient intake between RTE cereal eaters and the rest of the group were
found and it was concluded that, although the dietary intake of this
former group appeared more favourable, further research was required to
establish a more definite causative effect.
Vegetable Oil Cheese: A Necessary Development?
Authors: Strugnell Christopher
Published: September 2004

Outlines some of the reasons behind the development of vegetable
oil cheese and critically questions the whole basis and need for such
cheese‐type or substitute products. Evaluates two of these new products
and compares them with mild and low‐fat Cheddar cheese by using a
semi‐trained sensory panel. Finds no significant differences between the
appearance of the cheeses but finds differences for texture and flavour.
Finds the vegetable oil cheeses to have a flavour similar to mild
Cheddar, while the product made with sunflower oil has a soft and
crumbly texture compared with that of cheese made from rapeseed oil.
Fat Substitution: Implications for the Consumer
Authors: Strugnell Chris
Published: September 2004

Focuses on fat substitutes or replacement in foods. Outlines the
functions of fats in foods and details the characteristics of ideal fat
substitutes. Summarizes the implications for consumers and processors of
their use.
Oil‐rich Fish
Authors: Groom Hilary
Published: September 2004

Looks at the evidence and summarizes the reasons behind the
encouragements to consume more oil‐rich fish in relation to its benefits
in coronary heart disease and other diseases, together with early
development. The type of fatty acids, the long chain n‐3 polyunsaturate
fatty acids, almost exclusively found in oil‐rich fish, show beneficial
effects on the metabolism of biologically active substances called
eicosanoids which regulate many processes in the human body. This is the
most likely mechanism for the positive effects of oil‐rich fish on
various disease processes.
Appetite Control and the Use of Intense Sweeteners
Authors: Rogers Peter J.
Published: September 2004

Argues that although intense sweeteners (IS) such as saccharin and aspartame are perceived by consumers as important aids to dietary and weight control, there is little evidence to support this optimism. The result of dietary surveys comparing food intake or weight change in users and non‐users of IS are difficult to interpret because they are likely to be confounded by other differences between these groups. Results from laboratory studies show that reduced‐calorie foods and drinks have a reduced capacity to inhibit appetite (reduced satiating power). Therefore the incorporation of IS into the diet cannot be expected to lead “automatically” to a reduction in energy intake. Indeed, if users were to assume that such an effect exists, this might well prove counterproductive. If used wisely, however, IS might facilitate dietary compliance by increasing the range of foods that can be included in weight loss or weight maintenance diets.
Food Labelling — A UK Viewpoint
Authors: Smith Jane A.
Published: September 2004

Briefly discusses current issues of relevance to manufacturers in
the food‐labelling sphere, including expected developments to general
labelling requirements detailed in EC Directive 79/112/EEC, quality
issues and nutrition labelling and claims. Emphasizes the role and
perceived importance in providing information to the consumer by means
of the food label.
Nutrition on TV
Authors: Ursell Amanda
Published: September 2004

Describes the experience of being a dietitian in the media, getting
into television, the experiences encountered once in, and advice and
tips for those approached to do similar work.
The Planning and Marketing of the Market Intelligence
Function
Authors: Skyrme David J.
Published: September 2004

A case study of the development of a successful market intelligence
function is presented. How the principles of marketing intelligence and
planning can themselves be applied in this situation is demonstrated.
Each element of the marketing process is illustrated by the practice the
author developed initially and followed over the three years that he
managed the market intelligence function for the UK subsidiary of a
multinational computer company. It is argued that success depends to a
large degree on the continuing reappraisal of key factors. Just as one
segments the external market, creates a market position and promotes
one′s products and services, it is equally important to carry out
corresponding activities internally. No market intelligence function
today can be fully effective without exploiting computer‐based systems.
The way in which these have been used to support and enhance marketing
professionals is described.
Data Access and Issue Analysis in Strategic Planning
Authors: Reid David M.
Published: September 2004

This study was based on a face‐to‐face survey of 100 chief and
senior executives of a sample of companies that were chosen to reflect
the Scottish economy. The process of strategic decision taking was
explored and the information leading to the identification of strategic
issues was appraised. It is demonstrated by the findings that many
companies appear to identify strategic issues and develop their
strategies with only limited data. Yet strategic planning relies on the
effective use of valid data, coupled with creative interpretation and
judgement. However, it is shown by the study that companies are failing
to utilise effectively the creative talents of key people in the
harnessing of information. As a consequence they are failing to win
valuable insights and omitting to obtain essential collective
interpretations of critical issues and events.
Direct Marketing – The Database
Authors: Sharp Brenda
Published: September 2004

It is argued that there is now hard evidence to suggest that direct
mail is more effective than advertising. But direct mail is more complex
than advertising. To be achieved on any worthwhile scale a substantial
investment in terms of people, creativity, equipment and technical
expertise is demanded. How one firm provides these for its often
specialised customers is described.
MIS and the Strategic Development of Financial Institutions
Authors: Stone Marilyn A. , Clarkson A.H.
Published: September 2004

Aspects of research conducted among financial institutions,
specifically building societies, banks, charge card operators and
insurance groups are discussed. Within the context of trends in, and
growing deregulation of, the financial sector, the role is examined of
the marketing information systems to enable institutions to
differentiate their marketing strategies and services. In particular,
the ability to process information to develop precise targeting of
customers with the appropriate value added services is considered. The
MIS is increasingly crucial to strategic development within, and
between, financial sectors. It is contended that size and use of
technology are critical to leadership in the personal finance market.
Marketing Planning for Maximum Growth
Authors: Giles William
Published: September 2004

In this, the second edition, the experience of actually running a
marketing planning process in organisations further updates and revises
the highly practical emphasis. The need for vision, how to enunciate it,
and the interface between various levels of managers are integrated
specifically into the process. Further analysis using the SWOT technique
is provided together with enhanced insight into maintaining competitive
advantage. Essentially a practical manual on running a planning process,
the worksheet method has been well tried and tested. The experience of
managers who have implemented the process using the first edition is
included to enhance the technique′s dynamism and effectiveness.
Services – Marketing with a Difference?
Authors: Rushton Angela , Carson David J.
Published: September 2004

In recent years there has been a marked development of the
“service company”, first in North America and now in Western
Europe. Much attention has been given to the marketing of services, but
little in the sense of how to do services marketing. This is
changing as more and more services begin to take the question of
marketing seriously. This article looks at the theory, practice, and
future of services marketing.
Marketing “In the Round”
Authors: Thomas Michael
Published: September 2004

The author reviews key developments in marketing
generally including planning and strategy, production,
marketing intelligence, product policy and new product
development, services and services marketing,
distribution and 1992.
International Marketing – Into the 1990s
Authors: McDonald Malcolm
Published: September 2004

A review of trends and developments in international
marketing including the business environment; Europe
and 1992; and global marketing.
Trends of Marketing Research
Authors: Carson David
Published: September 2004

A selection of Anbar abstracts on marketing research
from the past three years are reviewed. Marketing
research is categorised into three sections: the
application of techniques, marketing decision areas and
the definition of market segments. Current issues,
trends and key developments are identified from
contemporary writings and for the future it would
appear that the research is entering a new period of
transition.
Review of Retailing
Authors: Dawson John
Published: September 2004

A selection of recently published empirical and
conceptual studies of the retail industry is reviewed and
possible important future developments analysed. In
particular, the four areas considered are: (1) the retail
environment; (2) strategic issues, (3) operational
considerations; and (4) monitoring and measuring costs
and performance. These areas are especially viewed in
the light of the influence and operation of the large
firms.
Logistics for the Future
Authors: Gattorna John
Published: September 2004

A review of recent literature in this subject area shows
that the word “logistics” is the accepted term for what
was previously referred to as “physical distribution
management”; and covers all aspects from
procurement through to after‐sales service. There is a
growing recognition that logistics cannot exist as an
independent function but as one encompassing many
functions and responsibilities within and outside an
organisation.
“Soft” Information Systems for Marketing
Decision Support
Authors: Lock A.R. , Hughes D.R.
Published: September 2004

The article begins by defining three categories of information as
soft; glosses on existing quantitative databases, text in the form of
market reports and analyses, individual beliefs about markets and market
behaviour before proceeding to review current text‐based information
systems, based on commercially available databases. Focusing on
information systems that elicit and represent structural relationships
that would, for example, be familiar in terms of a diagrammatic consumer
behaviour model, the article examines in turn, storage and database
design; means of input and transfer of text, optical scanning; direct
transfer from word processors, electronic publishing; access,
interrogation, search and retrieval methods. The article concludes by
providing an outline framework for an extended information system
incorporating the tools, techniques and facilities described,
highlighting the potential of such a system for learning, preprocessing
and intelligent search.
Japanese Marketing Strategies in their UK Subsidiaries
Authors: Wright L. , Doyle P. , Saunders J.
Published: September 2004

This study demonstrates the analysis and findings of the field
research undertaken in Japan in May 1988 on a small sample of Japanese
firms with UK subsidiaries. The study examined the factors behind the
marketing strengths of Japanese parent companies and the effects on
their relationships with their UK subsidiaries. The research indicates
that the Japanese companies saw their successes in the specific
qualities and thoroughness of their management and labour, with a strong
focus to committing resources to marketing, product innovation and
R&D. The findings of the research with recommendations are
presented.
Marketing and Non‐marketing Managers
Authors: Foxall Gordon R. , Payne Adrian F. , Taylor James W. , Bruce Grady D.
Published: September 2004

The hypothesis that broadly defined managerial functions can be
subdivided on the basis of their members′ internal and external task
orientations, and that the resulting subfunctions are, respectively,
predominantly “adaptive” or “innovative” in
terms of Kirton′s adaption‐innovation theory, was tested. Data from
samples of British (N = 115), Australian (N = 123) and American (N =
131) mid‐career managers undertaking MBA programmes who completed the
Kirton Adaption‐Innovation Inventory (KAI) and provided employment
histories displayed the expected patterns of task orientation and
cognitive style. Implications for adaption‐innovation theory and the
management of organisational change are briefly discussed.
Exhuming the Low Response Rate Fallacy of Postal Research
Authors: de Chernatony Leslie
Published: September 2004

There is an erroneously held view that postal surveys cannot
achieve sufficient response rates to overcome non‐response bias and are
best suited when budgets are limited. This article reviews the
increasing number of published studies which show that, with planning,
high response rates can be achieved. It reports on a survey of members
of the Postal Research Special Interest Group (formed under the auspices
of the Market Research Society). Current postal research practice is
highlighted and inferences drawn about the mechanics associated with
high response rates.
Marketing Intelligence & Planning
Authors: Thomas Michael J.
Published: September 2004

Are nations successful because of their national characteristics or
because of the characteristics of the companies located there? The
subject is discussed in a new book review. Secondly, an article is
reviewed, offering a number of research propositions, which ideally
should be observed if an organisation is to gain competitive superiority
and a third review focuses on marketing planning, in which theoretical
planning tools are shown actually to work in practice (i.e. from concept
to operation).
European Journal of Marketing
Authors: Carson David J.
Published: September 2004

The marketing planning process is reviewed in two separate works.
The first treats it as a “composite” model, comprehensively
handled at both the strategic and the operational planning levels of
management. The second emphasises the current lack of follow‐through by
implementation of marketing strategies and plans and the consequent
schism existing between researchers and practitioners.
International Journal of Physical Distribution and
Logistics Management
Authors: Stock James
Published: September 2004

The importance of logistics in the new product development process
is examined under the aegis of Logistics Early Involvement (LEI) and the
basics of good management are presented in the light of their relevance
to logistics executives.
International Journal of Bank Marketing
Authors: Lee Kam‐Hon
Published: September 2004

A critical review of the papers from the Development of Chinese
Banking Conference held in Hong Kong in October 1986. Topics covered
include regional studies; competitive strategies, a strategic marketing
review; management perceptions of marketing effectiveness; Chinese
banking and economic development issues.
European Business Review
Authors: Guptara Prabhu S.
Published: September 2004

Recent publications and resources concerning the dramatic changes
in European politics, and future business prospects following the
introduction of the Single Market in 1992 are discussed.
Defining and Measuring the Quality of Customer Service
Authors: Lewis Barbara R. , Mitchell Vincent W.
Published: September 2004

The importance of service quality as an indicator of customer
satisfaction and organisational performance is widely acknowledged and
has led to a major research thrust which has focused on a number of
industries within the service sector. Some of the research relating to
defining and measuring service quality is reviewed and a number of
suggestions are made as to how measurement instruments such as SERVQUAL
might be improved.
Quality Aspects of Services Marketing
Authors: Smith Anne M.
Published: September 2004

Intensifying competition and increasing customer expectations have
created a climate where “quality” is considered to be a
major strategic variable for improving customer satisfaction and thus
the profitability of financial service providers. Four distinguishing
characteristics of services – intangibility, inseparability,
heterogeneity and perishability have implications for the management and
delivery of service quality. Findings from interviews with
representatives of 50 small companies in the Manchester/Stockport area
illustrate how these service characteristics affect clients′ perceptions
of quality service from their bank.
Corporate Legal Advice and Client Quality Perceptions
Authors: Morgan Neil A.
Published: September 2004

Focuses on the perceptions held by organisational clients of the
legal advice provided by their primary law firms. Previous work on
service quality has been dominated by studies in consumer services and
has been primarily outside the professional service context which is
examined here. Empirical data collected from 152 corporate clients
across a number of business sectors is used to examine a number of
hypotheses relating client quality perceptions to key factors exhibited
by both the legal service provider and the organisational client. The
relationship between marketing and quality, and the marketing
implications of the study for law firms are also discussed.
Marketing Planning: A Seven‐stage Process
Authors: Brooksbank Roger W.
Published: September 2004

A concise review is presented of the many books and articles which
have been written on the subject of marketing planning. The aim is to
provide the marketing practitioner with a simple, step‐by‐step guide
– describing all the major processes, concepts, tools and
techniques involved.
Auditing the Factors Influencing Brand Success
Authors: de Chernatony Leslie
Published: September 2004

A framework is presented to audit the five factors influencing
brand success. The factors reviewed include the manufacturer,
distributor, consumer, competitor and the wider marketing environment.
To adopt an offensive brand distribution strategy this audit forms an
input to evaluating how well matched are each of the firms′ brands with
each distributor. By considering a matrix of brand strengths versus
distributor attractiveness, brand investment programmes can be
prioritised. It is concluded that by adopting a strategic perspective to
branding, rather than the more naïve views of branding as design,
naming or promotion, strategies to sustain the differential advantage
valued by consumers should enhance the potential for brand success.
Marketing Kinetics
Authors: Giles William D.
Published: September 2004

Most companies would admit that one of their greatest difficulties
is implementing strategy. More often than not the plan is blamed but, in
reality, it is the process of planning that is at fault. However,
conducted properly, the processes of strategic planning and
implementation are themselves powerful tools for organisational
education and change. This phenomenon is the essence of marketing
kinetics. The article discusses the reasons for poor strategy
implementation and demonstrates that it is the level of ownership that
dictates the effectiveness of implementation rather than the
sophistication of the plan. It is shown how the application of the rules
of marketing kinetics can reposition a company as a leader in its
market.
Marketing Intelligence & Planning
Authors: Thomas Michael J.
Published: September 2004

Three approaches to marketing are reviewed: new tools for
evaluating marketing performance in an organisation offer a practical
guide; applying the principles of niche marketing to larger companies
can be successful and profitable; today′s technology has transformed
customer choice and marketing is now an integral part of how a company
functions.
European Business Review
Authors: Guptara Prabhu
Published: September 2004

Environmental and social responsibility issues as in all of the
work reviewed here reflects the need for marketing research; from
business ethics to the International Business Handbook, on the
practicalities of doing business globally.
International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management
Authors: Bennison David
Published: September 2004

The rapid development of retail management and marketing in
research, theory and academic courses is reflected in this comprehensive
collection on retail marketing.
The Marketing Value of Brand Extension
Authors: Sharp Byron M.
Published: September 2004

Brand extension, the use of an existing brand name on a new
product, is an exceedingly popular marketing tactic as companies attempt
to economise on new product launches and managers attempt to improve
short run sales results. Review and analysis of current marketing
research concludes that popular claims for general benefits of the
practice are contradicted both by marketplace evidence and logical
argument. Directions of future research to determine whether any
specific conditions exist where brand extension might be an appropriate
brand management tactic are outlined.
What Needs Changing in Brand Strategies? The Maintenance
and Stretching of Brands
Authors: van Mesdag Martin
Published: September 2004

The concept of the polygamous brand is defined, and Cadbury′s used
to illustrate an emerging product concept, involving licensing a brand
to other businesses, e.g. Cadbury′s Cream Liqueur, produced by Bass.
Essential Characteristics for an Effective Marketing Plan
Authors: Brooksbank Roger
Published: September 2004

A comprehensive review of empirical research into successful
marketing planning carried out during the 1980s, identifies seven
essential characteristics for an effective marketing plan in the 1990s.
These are examined.
Perceived Usefulness of Advertising Media
Authors: Haynes Paula J.
Published: September 2004

Advertising effectiveness depends on good media selection. Media
decisions are typically based upon consummatory, or usage, measures.
Though perceived usefulness (instrumental media behaviour) is generally
not a consideration, consumers′ perceptions of media types as useful
have definite implications for advertising and promotional decisions.
Moreover, perceived usefulness of a media type cannot simply be inferred
from usage data. This study examines both the reported use of and
perceived usefulness of media categories. Though newspapers were
reported by respondents to be the most useful media type, the
relationship between amount of use (consummatory) and perceived
usefulness (instrumental) was strongest for magazines and radio.
Findings suggest that television advertising may have less impact, and
radio advertising greater impact than often assumed. Findings also
suggest a segment of instrumentally prone media users.
Marketing Intelligence & Planning
Authors: Thomas Michael J.
Published: September 2004

Reviews two volumes which represent the invaluable contribution
which marketing intelligence can make to marketing decisions: the first
documenting nine case studies from a variety of fields, the second
containing 20 detailed case studies in five categories. Also reviews an
article which explores the issues involved in arts marketing.
International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management
Authors: Fernie John
Published: September 2004

Comments favourably on two recent publications which enhance an
understanding of the retailer′s responsibilities towards the consumer.
Marketing Intelligence & Planning
Authors: Thomas Michael J.
Published: September 2004

Reviews two books and one journal article. All three are concerned
with the future of marketing in a rapidly changing environment. The
first book and the article strongly challenge the conventional wisdom
while the second book reviews best practice in the oldest profession in
the marketing world.
International Journal of Bank Marketing
Authors: Ennew Christine , Devlin James
Published: September 2004

Evaluates the working of the Financial Services Act, comparing its
early promise with a rising tide of criticism, suggesting that self
regulation does not adequately safeguard the consumer interest.
Journal of Product & Brand Management
Authors: Cahill Dennis
Published: September 2004

Reviews a number of articles emerging from an American research
workshop focused on “meaning, measure, and morality of
materialism”. Strong evidence here of the fragmenting of common
markets, and marketing management′s responsibility (?) for destroying
civilization as we know it!
Corporate Reputation: The Wasted Asset
Authors: Fearnley Matt
Published: September 2004

Argues that reputation is a critical consideration in any business
decision. The value of an organization′s reputation is probably
recognized until something goes wrong, as has been seen in the case of
Group 4. British Airways customers often base their decisions on their
perceptions of a company′s reputation. Good reputation is built through
customer service and a customer′s experience.
Personality and Management Thinking
Authors: Hannabuss Stuart
Published: September 2004

Management is regarded as a rational process, even though the
managerial thinking styles found there vary from analytical to
intuitive. There are links between organisational culture and managerial
roles and style, and in turn these are influenced by the personality or
character types of managers. Types of personality and thinking styles
are discussed with a view to their value in training programmes.
How People Learn on Management Courses
Authors: Coates Jonathan
Published: September 2004

The concepts of the learning cycles and learning styles as defined
by Honey and Mumford are discussed. Participants′ reactions are
described, and some of the obstacles to learning considered. The
processes at work in an action learning group are reviewed, with an
emphasis on the participants′ own input.
Turning Bad Times into Good Times‐And Good Times into Better Ones
Authors: Snell Robin
Published: September 2004

Four main types of learning pattern are identified: solo problem
solving, collaboration, modelling and other participant observation, and
the skills involved in coping with each are suggested. The issues of
distress and joy in learning, and how distress can be reduced and joy
enhanced, are examined.
Business Strategies and Management Development – The ICL Experience
Authors: Mayo Andrew
Published: September 2004

How ICL identified the need for a new “mind set” is
described and the action taken to create it. A programme of training was
instituted, which was unusual in being both mandatory and applied to the
board itself. The concepts of career management are introduced which
will be developed further in a subsequent article.
Making Customer Care Work‐What Happens to the Training?
Authors: Davis Richard
Published: September 2004

Commercial objectives should be directed towards long‐term customer
satisfaction in order to succeed. Training will often fail unless
organisational issues are examined first. Front‐line people have
responsibility in very large measure. Rarely do they have authority to
go with their skills, which will not be practised effectively unless
authority is delegated. The organisational structure will have to change
dramatically, from management initiating and enforcing decisions to
supporting and encouraging authority at the front line.
Developing Skilled Learners: A Strategy for Coping with New Technology
Authors: Pearn Michael , Downs Sylvia
Published: September 2004

It is generally agreed that accelerating changes in industry, and
indeed in society generally, often brought about or catalysed by new
technologies, can be contained only by enhanced processes of education
and training. It is argued that the key strategy must be to develop
skilled learners, and a technique for utilising this approach is
presented.
Negotiating for Training
Authors: Webb Tim
Published: September 2004

It is argued that government is not really interested in training
in some important areas, especially information technology. The need for
unions to influence this attitude with individual employers through a
contractual individual training agreement is set out.
PERFORMANCE THROUGH PEOPLE: AN ICI/OPEN COLLEGE PROJECT
Authors: Lewis Roger
Published: September 2004

When the Open College was set up in 1987, ICI looked to the new
institution as an extra resource to be used when relevant, within its
approach to performance improvement. Experience with general
presentation on open learning suggested the Open College was too focused
on open learning as a “good thing”. Instead, the Open
College and ICI developed an approach which started further back, by
reviewing organisational performance and the extent to which this might
be improved by training – and then if open learning was the
appropriate route. The preparation and delivery of the new style
presentation is detailed.
NURTURING THE TRAINING PROCESS
Authors: Ament Linda M.
Published: September 2004

The training experience for many “trainees” is a very
novel and sometimes frightening experience. Many trainees arrive on
courses with feelings of anxiety related to past frustrations and
resentment over being sent on the course. The article lists requirements
for effective training in this context, and describes appropriate
trainer behaviour. Examples of questions and responses, and the uses of
ice‐breaker exercises are also illustrated.
BIOGRAPHY WORK: THE MISSING PART OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fritchie Rennie
Published: September 2004

It is argued that human resource development too often concentrates
on professional development without concern for personal development.
The use of biography by individuals, especially in crisis or at
crossroads is described. The nine questions used to create biography and
the course or workshop context for doing so are set out.
A STRATEGIC SCENARIO
Authors: Smith Bryan
Published: September 2004

Management Training and Development needs for the 1990s are
enumerated in checklist‐style. Cultural understanding in a global
context, the realisation of corporate visions, adaptation to more rapid
change, opportunities for synergy, the development of women managers,
career diversity, managing managers, IT, self‐development, greater
sharing of learning, problem handling, diversification of training
styles – these are all discussed. Omission of certain items is
admitted and opportunity for suggestions offered.
WORK IN THE 1990s: IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND THE QUALITY
OF WORKING LIFE
Authors: Juuti Pauli
Published: September 2004

The challenges of the increasing rate of change to a
“know‐how” society are examined with particular reference to
Finland. Research on people′s expectations of their work is reported for
1986 and 1989. Work continues to be important but where job security was
of greatest importance in 1986, equal and just treatment ranked highest
in 1989. Amongst professionals, who may be seen as heralds of the new
society, the material and social aspects of work are now much less
important: opportunities for personal growth and fulfilment are what is
most desired.
WHO CROSS‐FERTILISES MOST ON MBA PROGRAMMES?
Authors: Oliver Carol , Pass Sandra , Taylor Jayne , Taylor Pam
Published: September 2004

An investigation into the process of cross‐fertilisation on MBA
programmes is reported. An interview schedule was devised as a basis for
discussions with a sample from each of three MBA programme types: open,
in‐company and consortial. It was concluded that: learning from and
acting upon ideas gained from fellow set members is seen as an important
element in the MBA programme by associates: cross‐fertilisation tends to
be recognised and recalled mainly in terms of personal skills; open sets
would potentially appear to be a better medium for fostering
cross‐fertilisation, but in‐company sets are more empowering in ensuring
the implementation of ideas from such cross‐fertilisation as does occur,
while consortial sets would appear to combine the best of both worlds
– though no evidence emerged to support this last contention.
Recommendations are made for further research.
KILLING THEM SOFTLY: TRAINER BEHAVIOURS THAT IMPEDE
LEARNING
Authors: Ament Linda M.
Published: September 2004

Specific behaviours which lower self‐esteem and prevent the adult
learner from maximising full potential are discussed. Teaching methods
which alienate or have a destructive effect on students, creating
learning blocks and thus inhibiting development, are examined.