bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Social Profile Ontology to Enhance Learner Experience in MOOCs
Authors: Zankadi Hajar , Hilal Imane , Idrissi Abdellah , Daoudi Najima
Published: February 2022

Learners are more active and interactive interactive in social media as they freely express themselves and share their thoughts and feeling which generates much useful information about their characteristics. However, the same learners are not usually interactive in MOOCs as much as they do in social media. Therefore, focusing on the Learner’s social profile is a key component towards a successful and enriched experience of learning. Especially that MOOCs offer the possibility to sign up using social media accounts. Thereby, profile modelling is an essential step to capture the knowledge about the learners. In this paper, we aim to explore the information generated by the learner’s participation in social media and combine it with his characteristics in MOOCs. Our approach is based on implementing an ontological learner profile that combines other ontologies (IMS-LIP standard, FOAF, and SIOC ontology) as well as some of the major concepts that describe a user in social media. The result of our solution is a social profile ontology (SPOnt) that describes the main concepts of a learner in each environment (MOOCs and social media). We rely on ontology mapping and merging techniques to maintain the semantic links between the different concepts of the two implemented ontologies.
Critical Factors Influencing Pre-Service Teachers’ Use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Classrooms
Authors: Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed , Al-Dokhny Amany Ahmed , Drwish Amr Mohammed
Published: February 2022

This This study aims to explore the factors that influence pre-service teachers' decisions to use the Internet of Things (IoT) in a classroom setting as a digital system to enhance their teaching and learning. To achieve this aim, the technology acceptance model (TAM) is used to investigate the effects of using the IoT in an e-learning environment on pre-service teachers’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes toward using IoT, and the influence of such attitudes on students’ behavior. Forty-seven final-year pre-service teaching students were selected to participate by purposeful sampling. A quantitative approach via regression analysis was conducted to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the TAM-related factors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly contributed to pre-service teachers’ intentions to use the IoT in classrooms. However, their intention to use the IoT was not influenced by their attitude toward it. Implications and recommendations for future work are suggested as a result of this study.
Online Competency‐Based Assessment (OCBA): From Conceptual Model to Operational Authoring System
Authors: Amraouy Mohammed , Ballafkih Mostafa , Bennane Abdellah , Himmi Mohammed Majid
Published: February 2022

Online learning has been growing continuously in the last decade, accelerated by the pandemic Coronavirus, in order to offer learners new possibilities for learning and to guarantee pedagogical continuity. But some aspects, including the learning assessment, are still in development and require profound changes to meet the demands of the 21st century. However, by taking advantage of artificial intelligence techniques and new learning theories, it would be possible to create an assessment system in accordance with the active learning approach. This paper illustrates the models, algorithms and design used to create a formative and summative assessment system that will be mobilized to evaluate learner’s knowledge, skills and competencies.
Disruptive Learning Media Integrated E-Generator Practice System to Advance Self-Efficacy Learners Levels in Era of Education 4.0
Authors: Ulfatin Nurul , Putra Andika Bagus Nur Rahma , Heong Yee Mei , Zahro Azizatus , Rahmawati Anita Dwi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to: (1) develop disruptive learning innovations through the e-generator practice system; (2) testing the feasibility of disruptive learning innovation through the e-generator practice system; and (3) testing the effectiveness of disruptive learning innovations through the e-generator practice system to increase the level of student self-efficacy in the education era 4.0. This study uses the R&D method with the ADDIE model and ends with a quasi-experimental method. Validation with two teams of experts (online learning media experts and learning software experts). Data analysis with hypothesis testing using SPSS 21.0. The results of this study include: (1) developing disruptive learning innovations through the e-generator practice system covering analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation; (2) the results of the product feasibility test validation are 90,1% (user benefit aspect), 90,5% (application display aspect), 93,8% (aspect of information novelty), 97,6% (content aspect), 90,6% (aspects of ease of use), 91,5% (aspects of competency achievement); and (3) disruptive learning innovation through the e-generator practice system has been proven to be effective in increasing the level of self-efficacy of students in the education era 4.0 as evidenced by the results of hypothesis analysis
Technological Innovations in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Authors: Thakur Anusha
Published: February 2022

The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the most diversified and biggest industries in the world. Increasing trends of technology and innovation are expected to favorably influence the future scenario of the hospitality and tourism industry. Growing adoption of new technologies in these industries over the past few years has significantly reformed the services provided by the same. One of the major goals of the upgradation of services by the hotels or leisure segments is digitalization of services and personalization of customer experiences. In this chapter, state-of-the-art technologies currently being used in the hospitality and tourism sector have been discussed. This chapter further emphasizes how information technology is proving significant in keeping pace with the competitiveness in terms of services in the hospitality and leisure segments. In addition to all of the above, the chapter also focuses on the trends, impacts, and opportunities of information technology applications in the industry.
Estimating the Efficiency of Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Seizure With Convolutional Neural Network Architecture
Authors: C. Jamunadevi , P. Arul
Published: February 2022

The reason trends in prevalent detection of EEG seizure help in analyzing the various features of EEG signals to customize and to remove visual inspection in reading the EEG signals. Epilepsy is a disorder and is identified by baseless seizures that have been associated with unexpected improper neural discharges which result in various health issues and also result in death. One of the most common methods in detecting contraction seizures is an electroencephalogram. By using machine learning methods, it is easy to extract the features of EEG signals that help in detecting seizures. Convolutional neural network (CNN) includes both inputs as well as output layers that help in training the data acquired since it helps in analyzing the large set of high dimensional data. The performance analysis is done under multiple classifiers such as random forest, gradient boosting, and decision tree, which are used in feature extraction. Among them, random forest proves to be the best classifier in achieving a high degree of accuracy.
Crop Protection Using Cyber Physical Systems and Machine Learning for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Choubisa Manish , Doshi Ruchi
Published: February 2022

Currently the world is experiencing the global digital transformation of the fourth generation revolution for industry in the field of cyber physical systems (CPS) and artificial intelligence. Moreover, by utilizing artificial intelligence, cyber physical systems will be able to perform more proficiently, collaboratively, and spiritedly. Agriculture crop control is a process to protect the crop as much as possible so the crop is not infected by the different kinds of pests. Pests are any living organisms including insects, animals, weeds, pathogens, and other creatures that can harm the agriculture crop. Pests and other diseases cause an average of 20-30% global potential loss of crop production in every year. So, crop protection is required to reduce these losses. This chapter explores CPS concept to improve crop production to protect the crop from wild animals using machine learning and cyber physical systems. The smart agriculture process under CPS includes crop suggestion, irrigation and fertilization automation, crop protection, plant monitoring, and harvesting.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE LOW-DOSE PRE-PHASE CHEMOTHERAPY IN DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA WITH GASTROINTESTINAL INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Guarnera Luca , Meconi Federico , Secchi Roberto , Pascale Maria Rosaria , Esposito Fabiana , Zizzari Annagiulia , Rapisarda Vito Mario , Rizzo Manuela , Pupo Livio , Cantonetti Maria
Published: February 2022

Introduction Gastric Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common extra-nodal site of lymphoma’s involvement (30%-40% of all extranodal lymphomas and 55%-65% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas). However, gastric localizations are also sometimes found in systemic DLBCL. Gastric complications such as bleeding, perforation and stenosis under chemotherapy are well documented.  Methods We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL with gastrointestinal involvement. Endoscopies were performed in these patients before and after treatment. Treatment consisted in cyclophosphamide low-dose pre-phase chemotherapy before conventional-dose chemotherapy. Results Endoscopy at staging detected ulcers in 12 patients (80%). After low-dose pre-phase chemotherapy GI ulcers healed in 91.6% of cases (1 ulcer detected). After the whole treatment (Low-dose pre-phase + chemotherapy) 9 patients (60%) achieved complete response, 4 patients (26.6%) partial response, 2 (13,3%) patients presented disease progression. The most frequent adverse event was neutropenia (73.3%); the most frequent non hematological adverse event was transaminases elevation (20%). Conclusion Cyclophosphamide low-dose pre-phase chemotherapy resulted a safe and effective way to prevent adverse events in systemic DLBCL with gastrointestinal involvement.
A Suspected Case of Cerebral Fat Embolism Triggering a Drug-resistant Status Epilepticus in a HbS/β⁺-Thalassaemia Patient
Authors: Bortolotti Marta , Costamagna Gianluca , Mancarella Marta , Gagliardi Delia , Lanfranconi Silvia , Marcon Alessia , Migone De Amicis Margherita , Bresolin Nereo , Corti Stefania , Graziadei Giovanna
Published: February 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) refers to a group of hereditary disorders associated with clinical manifestations of variable severity. C In particular, Fat Embolism Syndrome, a rare and devastating complication of SCD, may preferentially involve non-homozygous patients and patients with mild disease.
CLASSIC KSHV/HHV-8-POSITIVE PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA (PEL): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CASE REPORTS
Authors: Cozzi Ilaria , Rossi Giovanni , Rullo Emma , Ascoli Valeria
Published: February 2022

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell lymphoma growing within body-cavities caused by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8). It is mainly reported in HIV-infected patients. The uncommon occurrence in the elderly supports a form paralleling classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS), i.e. classic PEL, whose characteristics are relatively underexplored. To better understand the diagnostic modalities and clinical-epidemiological features of classic PEL, articles reporting cases of PEL were identified through MEDLINE/EMBASE databases (January 1998-July 2020) and screened according to PRISMA guidelines to extract individual-level data. A comparison was also performed between classic PEL and classic KS to evaluate similarities and differences. We identified 105 subjects (median age 77 years; 86% males), mainly from Mediterranean countries (52%, first Italy) and Eastern Europe (7%). Common comorbidities were heart failure (32%), cirrhosis (16%), and malignancy (20%) including lymphoid neoplasms. Pleural cavity was the commonest site (67%). PEL diagnosis was based on cytomorphology (89%), evidence of KSHV/HHV-8 infection (94%), EBV co-infection (28%) and clonality of IGH (59%), IGK (14%), TRG (9%) alone or in multiple combinations. Compared to KS, age (P<.001), gender-ratio (P=.08) and mortality (P<.001) were significantly higher in PEL, whereas the frequency of PEL as a second primary was similar (P=.44).
This is the first systematic review of classic PEL case reports highlighting heterogeneity and lack of a uniform multidisciplinary approach at diagnosis, in the absence of specific guidelines as it happens for rare cancers. It is conceivable that classic PEL is still underdiagnosed in Mediterranean countries wherein KSHV/HHV-8 is endemic.
Improving BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine tolerability without efficacy loss by Pidotimod supplementation
Authors: Ucciferri Claudio , Auricchio Antonio , Vecchiet Jacopo , Falasca Katia
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives: A new pandemic has emerged across the world:Covid-19. Covid-19 has affected hundreds of millions of people globally. To stop the spread of the virus and gain a mass immunity several vaccines have been developed. BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccine has been shown to be largely effective and is widely administered. However the vaccine is not free from adverse events that could discourage vaccination in many people. The aim was evaluated adverse effect and immunological effect after second dose of  BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccine in a healthcare population that take Pidotimod versus control subjects.

Methods: All nurses and doctors working in Covid-19 unit were proposed to participate, up to the enrollment of 30participants. 10 participants took Pidotimod 800mg bid orally fasting, from the fourth day before the second dose of the BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccine, for a total of six days. The remaining 20 participants did not take any therapy. We studied the differences in anti-SARS-CoV2 IgM and IgG levels and the difference of frequency of adverse events between the two groups

 Results: Although there was no significant difference in IgG production between the two groups, we found a lower frequency of vaccine adverse events in the group supplemented with pidotimod.

Conclusions: This work demonstrates how pidotimod, despite not having a proven efficacy in increasing the production of antibodies, significantly reduces the adverse events described compared to people vaccinated without pidotimod supplementation. The results we described in this paper could encourage many more clinicians and people to vaccinate and gain the mass immunity needed to end this pandemic.
Challenging management of severe differentiation syndrome in pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with ATRA/ATO
Authors: Molinaro Alessandro , Zanta Daniela , Moleti Maria Luisa , Giona Fiorina , Conter Valentino , Rizzari Carmelo , Biondi Andrea , Testi Anna Maria
Published: February 2022

The ATRA/ATO combination treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a paradigm of successful targeted and chemotherapy-free treatment in oncology. This therapeutic strategy is aimed at sparing patients from chemotherapy toxicity, while maintaining an excellent survival with a low risk of relapse. Main induction treatment-related complications are differentiation syndrome (DS) and hyperleukocytosis, which is related to DS and its severity. In the period December 2019 – December 2020, 8 children with newly diagnosed APL underwent induction therapy with ATRA/ATO in our center. In patients with WBC≥10x109/L  two doses of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) were  added. In case of severe DS or hyperleukocytosis the differentiating agents were discontinued, high dose dexamethasone (DXM) and/or hydroxyurea (HU) were recommended. Five patients presented WBC<10x109/L ; all  developed hyperleukocytosis and three also had DS and were initially treated with HU and DXM; due to unsatisfactory control of the symptoms GO was added in two of them.. One of the three patients with presenting WBC≥10x109/L, developed pseudotumor cerebri and another one DS. The supportive treatment was effective in all cases. Our experience shows that patients, treated with ATRA/ATO only, may develop marked hyperleukocytosis and severe DS, which may be unresponsive to discontinuation of differentiating agents and administration of HU and DXM and may benefit from the use of GO. Adequate intensive support therapy is crucial to rescue patients with severe DS.
Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminum Electrodes for Treatment of Baker's Yeast Industry Wastewater
Authors: Arbabi Mohsen , Shafiei Samaneh , Mehraban Sadeghi , Khodabakhshi Abbas , Abdoli Ashkan , Arbabi Arman
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

Severe contamination with organic compounds and very high color is characteristic of yeast industry wastewater. Discharging this wastewater into the environment has adverse effects on the environment. The present study was conducted to determine the efficiency of the electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum electrodes for the removal of color, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the baker's yeast industry wastewater.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, the effect of current densities (60, 80, 100, and 120 A/m2) and reaction times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) using aluminum electrode was investigated on removal efficiencies of COD, color, and turbidity. The pilot consisted of a reactor with a useful volume of 2.5 l of epoxy glass, a direct current power supply, and aluminum electrodes of 8 cm × 8 cm in diameter.

Results:

The highest removal efficiencies were obtained to be 83% for COD, 93% for color, and 96% for turbidity at density of 80 A/m2 and 45-min contact time (pH = 7). Under these conditions, the power and electrode consumption was 16.89 kWh and 94.3 g/m3, respectively, and the treatment cost of wastewater was estimated to be 1.5 $ per each cubic meter.

Conclusion:

The results showed that EC process using aluminum electrode is an appropriate and effective method for removing color, turbidity, and COD from baking industry wastewater.
The Effect of White Noise Exposure on Anxiety and Hemodynamic Parameters of Operating Room Staff
Authors: Shahrokhi Shabnam , Mirhosseini Hamid , Halvani Gholam Hossein , Jambarsang Sara
Published: February 2022

Aim:

Anxiety reduces performance at work. Anxiety is significantly prevalent among medical staff in general, and especially operating room staff. The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of suction-induced white noise on anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of operating room staff during cesarean section.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a crossover, single-blind clinical trial on 29 scrub staff during cesarean section. The subjects were assigned once to the control group and once to the intervention group with a 10-day washout period. In the intervention group, the suction machine was left on during surgery for 3 days in a row, but in the control group, the suction machine was switched off in idle times to make sure that noise exposure time would remain below 30 min. Hemodynamic parameters of subjects were measured on the last day immediately after surgery, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure the level of anxiety. SPSS 22 software and linear mixed model were used to analyze the collected data.

Results:

The control and intervention groups were not significantly different in terms of hemodynamic parameters, anxiety as well as the carryover-crossover effects (P > 0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between anxiety score and age of the subjects (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Suction-induced white noise has no effect on anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of operating room staff. Adaptation to workplace noises can reduce the adverse effects of noise.
The Latest Variant of Concern by the World Health Organization
Authors: Kapil Tanushree , Srivastava Rahul
Published: February 2022

The latest coronavirus strain – Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 – has been identified as the “variant of concern” by the World Health Organization and has emerged as a global concern. The mutations of its genome encode a section in its spike protein which is utilized to infect host cells. Omicron is more transmissible than its Delta predecessor and has rapidly become the dominant strain in the U. S. This article reviews the recent information and literature available for the Omicron variant.
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis
Authors: Ahmed Tahfim , Jahan Nusrat , Huque Syed Saimul
Published: February 2022

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) is a histopathological finding of a few percentages of children presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the first or second decade of life. It can be an isolated finding or can be associated with some syndrome. Here we report one case of DMS presenting in the first year of life who had a fatal outcome. Early detection of this disease is necessary to draft a management plan and counseling regarding prognosis.
Investigating Flubendazole as an Anthelmintic Treatment for Guinea Worm (Dracunculus medinensis): Clinical Trials in Laboratory-Reared Ferrets and Domestic Dogs in Chad
Authors: Cleveland Christopher A. , Garrett Kayla B. , Box Erin K. , Thompson Alec T. , Haynes Ellen K. , Elder Deborah L. , Richards Robert L. , Majewska Ania A. , Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Wiegand Ryan E. , Bryan II John A. , Torres-Velez Fernando , Unterwegner Karmen , Romero Mario , Zirimwabagabo Hubert , Sidouin Metinou , Oaukou Philip Tchindebet , Ada Mbang Mahammat , Ngandolo Bongo Nare Richard , Mackenzie Charles D. , Geary Timothy G. , Weiss Adam J. , Yabsley Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm [GW]), a zoonotic nematode targeted for eradication, has been managed using interventions aimed at humans; however, increases in domestic dog GW infections highlight the need for novel approaches. We conducted two clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of subcutaneously injected flubendazole (FBZ) as a treatment of GW infection. The first trial was conducted administering FBZ to experimentally infected ferrets; the second trial involved administering FBZ or a placebo to domestic dogs in the Republic of Tchad (Chad). We found contrasting results between the two trials. When adult gravid female GW were recovered from ferrets treated with FBZ, larvae presented in poor condition, with low to no motility, and an inability to infect copepods. Histopathology results indicated a disruption to morulae development within uteri of worms from treated animals. Results from the trial in Chadian dogs failed to indicate significant treatment of or prevention against GW infection. However, the difference in treatment intervals (1 month for ferrets and 6 months for dogs) or the timing of treatment (ferrets were treated later in the GW life-cycle than dogs) could explain different responses to the subcutaneous FBZ injections. Both trials provided valuable data guiding the use of FBZ in future trials (such as decreasing treatment intervals or increasing the dose of FBZ in dogs to increase exposure), and highlighted important lessons learned during the implementation of a field-based, double-blinded randomized control trial in Chadian dogs.
Effect of climate smart agricultural practices on farming householdsʹ food security status in Ika North East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Opeyemi G. , Opaluwa H.I. , Adeleke A.O. , Ugbaje B.
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the effect of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices on farming households` food security status in Ika North East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. The study utilized primary data. The data was collected using structured questionnaire. A three-staged sampling technique was used to select 140 respondents for the study. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, FGT model and logit regression model. The result of the study shows that majority of the farmers were aware of the CSA practices, and the following practices were the most utilized practices among the respondents; Agro-forestry, Crop rotation, Mixed cropping, Improved crop varieties, Intercropping, Compost making, Improved fallowing, Organic manure, Mulching and Cover crops. The headcount ratio showed a poverty head count ratio of 0.29, food insecurity shortfall 0.28, and food insecurity severity of 0.13. The regression result indicated age (p<0.05), gender (p<0.01), household size (p<0.01), and years of farming experience were the major determinants of food security in the study area. The study concluded that though climate smart agricultural practices have positive coefficient but however not significant have the potential to enhance food security. The study also recommended that policy be put in place help confront the constraints being faced by the farmers from adopting CSAs in the study area.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL GOATS POPULATIONS IN WESTERN ALGERIAN: MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND MILK QUALITY
Authors: Benyoub Khouloud Qamar , Ameur Ameur Abdelkader , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study is the phenotypic characterization and physic-chemical analysis of the milk of the goat population in the Wilaya of Tlemcen, in view of a contribution to a better understanding of goat genetic resources remains hitherto little studied; bodily measurements were performed at 59 individuals.This study examined 20 variables including 17 quantitative variables and 03 qualitative variables, the data were submitted to a PCA (principal component analysis), a centroid of classes, correlation coefficient and follows a hierarchical clustering (CAH).The results showed highly correlated variables (HG, HS = 0.742) (HS, HD = 0.826) and they divide the local goat population in the Tlemcen region into three classes according to the morphology of individuals, there are tall dwarf goats and other, with a mid-sized class.Regarding the quality of the milk from our goats, physicochemical analyzes show that milk is rich in fat and protein with 3.5% and 4.5% levels respectively. These characteristics provide superior quality and very comparable to the milk of goat breeds known for their cheese abilities.
Biodiversity of indigenous Djallonke sheep (Ovis aries) in Sudano Guinean region in Cameroon
Authors: Baenyi Patrick , Meutchieye Félix , Ayagirwe Basengere Rodrigue , Bwihangane Birindwa Ahadi , Karume Katcho , Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave , Ngoula Ferdinand
Published: February 2022

In order to study the biodiversity of Cameroon indigenous Djallonke sheep, a study was conducted between July and September 2016 in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon. A total of 280 adult sheep (24 months old) including 77 males and 203 females from 112 farms in 13 districts of 4 divisions was measured and analyzed. The variance analysis showed variability in the population. According to the principal components analysis, the body length, chest circumference, withers height and the live weight were potentially discriminating characters of the ovine population studied. The discriminant analysis revealed a population made of three genetic types with genetic type I having the highest characteristics. The phylogenetic analysis showed that type II and III are closer and type I and III are genetically more distant. High intra-genetic variability was observed within the population studied. The linearregression equation (LW = 0.8092CG + 58.923) with a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.66) predicts better the live weight. This results offer possibilities for genetic improvement. Characterization, leading to conservation and sustainable use of indigenous sheep genetic resources in Cameroon’s smallholder production system. The possible threats to the current potentials may be genetic erosion, climate change, low productivity and disease susceptibility.
Beekeeping features in the Cameroon Adamawa grasslands
Authors: Meutchieye Félix , Ngamadjeu Djiague Dannick , Tchoumboue Joseph
Published: February 2022

Socioeconomic and technical factors influencing beekeeping were assessed in Mayo Banyo Division, Cameroon (Adamawa Highlands agroecological zone) from April and July 2015. A total of 113 beefarmers were surveyed using semi structural questionnaire, interviews and direct observations. Bees and beehive products were also described using classical features. Results showed that beekeepers were exclusively men, with 100% of respondents. They are between 30-50 years and married for more than 80% and all Muslim in Mayo Banyo. Less than 87% respondents have attended formal school. Nevertheless majority of them have been keeping bees for at least 15 years with main production objective being market and also own consumption. Bee species encountered in colonies is Apis mellifera adansonii, the African common bee, generally yellowish (in more than 89% colonies). The production system is predominantlyextensive, fixed hives being the main used, with number varying from 1 to 800 in the survey. Hives are placed on trees, at 1m at least above the soil. Bee wax is used as the main swarm attractant. Major beehives’ products are: honey (5 to 20 litres/hive) which is harvested yearly once in Mayo Banyo, wax, and rarely propolis and pollen. The main constraints identified are lack of training, colony absconding and pathologies, made up of predators and particularly hives’ moth. Beekeeping in Mayo Banyo division has socioeconomic and environmental potentials for communities’ livelihoods, though serious actions for improvement are required.
Phenotypic characterization of local goat population in western Algeria (Wilaya of Relizane) with morphometric measurements and milk analysis
Authors: BELANTAR Ibrahim , TEFIEL Hakim , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

A morphological characterization of the local goat population with physicochemical analysis of milk was performed in the wilaya of Relizane. This study was conducted on 50 goats (42 does and 8 bucks) in 6 districts of Relizane. The goat farming in Relizane is mixed with sheep farming but sheep are the main purpose of the breeding for pure economical purposes (wool and meat), goats are used mainly to guide the herd during the grazing, the goats do not receive an important livestock management, their reproduction is uncontrolled and the milk is only used for family consumption. Nine qualitative and twelve quantitative variables were used to study our samples. 68 % of our samples have horns with the curved horns as the most dominant shape, the pendant ears are found at 62%, concerning the beard 52% of does and 12% of bucks have beard, whereas only 8% of does and 2% of bucks have wattles. A negative correlation of  was found between ear length (LOr) and lactose level (LACT), a negative correlation of  was found between ear length (LOr) and protein level (PROT). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that Body length (LC), Height at withers (HG), Chest circumference (TP), Chest depth (PP), Horn length (LCo) and Ear length (LOr) characterizes better our goats. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) by the PCA showed three distinct groups in our samples. The classification of our samples according to the ear length, from the results of the PCA, showed that ears length is a discriminative factor in our sampling. The descriptive analysis of the milk revealed that the milk is of good quality with a fat content of 47.82 g / kg, a protein content of 33.35 g / kg and lactose of 48.82 g / kg.
The ongoing transition at an exponential speed from Conservation genetics to Conservation genomics
Authors: Pertoldi Cino , Randi Ettore
Published: February 2022

Conservation genetic disciplines have greatly progressed during the last thirty years, mainly thanks to the continuous development of molecular biological knowledge and the implementation of molecular tools used to describe diversity at the DNA level. The ongoing transition from Conservation genetics to Conservation genomics is showing to increase at an exponential speed as the integrated use of various kinds of molecular genetic data and bioinformatic approaches may improve our theoretical knowledge and practical approaches in the conservation and wise use of biodiversity. Aim of this mini-review is to push forward the ongoing transition, bearing in mind that most of the applied conservation programs would not need entire genomic data set, which are still expensive and time consuming
Efficiency study of biocides used in hospitals on Enterococci
Authors: Rebiahi Sid Ahmed , Rahmoun Malika , Khazini Wafa , Kaouadji Meriem , Mahi Amira , Benamar Soumeya
Published: February 2022

The present work explore the efficiency of some disinfectants used in hospitals in the operating theatersof the Maternity Department and the Neonatology Unit in the EHS of Tlemcen. Four biocides ofdifferent formulations were used: quaternary ammonium, glutaraldehyde, alcohols, and quaternaryammonium + alcohols. The disinfectant sensitivity test was carried out by determining the minimuminhibitory concentration of the different molecules on microplate with respect to eight reference strainsand 50 strains of Enterococci isolated in a hospital environment. The results of the MIC revealed agood efficiency of quaternary ammoniums and alcohols on Enterococci. However, the glutaraldehydeproduct remained ineffective with respect to the majority of strains tested. In conclusion, theconcentration of the disinfectant used the diversity of the active ingredient and the type ofmicroorganism greatly influence the activity of the biocide.
Review of current knowledge in the Benin native Borgou cattle breed
Authors: Worogo SSH  , Assani SA , Alabi CDA , Adjassin SJ , Azalou M , Idrissou Y , Youssao AKI , Alkoiret I
Published: February 2022

Filling information gaps is important for setting future research priorities and defining proper strategies for the improvement and conservation of indigenous breeds. This review focuses on a synthesis of knowledge on the Borgou cattle breed farming in Benin. It gathers information about its origin, its physical and ethnological characteristics. It also highlights the characterization of rearing modes, its adaptation to different farming systems, the analysis of its productivity and its genetic improvement. Studies of several authors, reports of various structures that intervene in livestock farming system in Benin have been involved in this review. It should be noted that the Borgou cattle breed is a trypanotolerant taurine breed from northern Benin. The breed has shown by its traits a remarkable adaptation to its natural environment and has the advantage of enhancing natural rangelands and especially wetlands infested with tsetse flies and hostile to zebu cattle farming. If particular attention is paid to livestock farming in rural areas, this breed has the potential to improve and increase production from cattle farming in Benin. Likewise, uncontrolled crossbreeding of this breed with other native breeds or even exotic breeds presents risks of genetic loss to the detriment of crossbreds becoming more and more vulnerable to environmental conditions
Molecular polymorphism in dentate lavender from littoral Algerian
Authors: Gadouche L , Saadi A , Zidane A
Published: February 2022

Overexploitation of plant species leads to their reduction which requires strategies for improvement and management of resources. This study aims to seek a genetic polymorphism between the different dentate lavender populations collected in the Algerian littoral. Populations of Lavandula dentata were sampled in different ecoregions. The genotypic difference between the six populations was measured by the RAPD-PCR method using 8 RAPD primers and molecular phylogeny was performed by cluster analysis. The RAPD electrophoretic diagrams of the 6 populations of Lavandula dentata showed a rate of 50.49% of polymorphic bands. The dendrogram obtained via cluster analysis allowed us to group the populations into 2 clusters with a similarity index> 68% which showed that they are genetically close despite their geographical distance.
Molecular study of dietary diversity of the Exmoor-ponies (Equus feruscaballus)
Authors: Hagstrup Marie , Bruhn Dan , Olsen Kent , Lukassen Mie , Pertoldi Cino
Published: February 2022

Much is still to learn about the reintroducing of horses in rewilding in regards to their forage on woody species as horses are often categorized as true grazers and dwellers of the open habitat. Relative amount of woody vegetation and different woody species ingested by Exmoor-ponies (Equus feruscaballus) in the Rewilding Mols project area in the Mols BjergeNational Park, Denmark, during winter were determined using macroscopic analysis of faeces and DNA metabarcoding. This showed an increase in the relative amount of woody vegetation ingested during winter (December – February) peaking at 35.2% in January. The three most dominating woody species were common heather (Calluna vulgaris), common oak (Quercus robur), and scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris) with a total relative abundance in the diet throughout the entire study period of ‘10’%, ‘10’% and ‘6’%, respectively. No direct debarking by the Exmoor-ponies was observed nor evidence of debarking on trees in the area (data not shown).The current forage on woody vegetation during winter was concluded not to be significant in order to trigger canopy dieback and eventually cause retrogressive succession.If the goal for a specific rewilding project includes creation of clearings in forest stands one should reconsider the choice of Exmoor-ponies.
Polymorphism of Prolificacy Genes (BMP15, BMPR 1B and GDF9), in the Native Goat (Capra hircus) of Cameroon
Authors: Wouobeng Patrick , Kouam Jaures Simo , Meutchieye Felix , Yacouba Manjeli , Achieng Gloria , Tutah Jack , Mutai Collins , Agaba Morris
Published: February 2022

The main objective was to contribute to a better understanding of molecular characteristics of the local goat in order to improve its productivity and specifically to: analyse genetic polymorphism of three prolificacy genes (BMP15, BMPR1B, and GDF9) and test the association of genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goats. Tissue samples were collected from 446 animals, and 24 representative female goats were selected to analyse the genetic polymorphism of the prolificacy genes. The selected goats were divided into two groups of 12 females for high prolificacy (more than three kids consecutively in four parity) and 12 females for low prolificacy (less than two kids consecutively in four parity). Chi-square was used to test the association between genetic polymorphism and prolificacy of local goat. The main results showed that BMP15 gene is monomorphic, whereas the two other genes (BMPR1B and GDF9) display polymorphism. For BMPR1B gene, the ten mutations found did not change the corresponding amino acid. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations of this gene varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism of this gene shows that C34T and A120G mutations of exon 3 are significantly associated (p < 0.05) with prolificacy and can be considered as potential genetic markers for improving prolificacy in the native goat. For the GDF9 gene, three mutations were detected in exon 1 with alleles A and G1 of frequency 0.261 and 0.130 for A35G; G2 and C1 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G81C; then G3 and C2 of frequency 0.696 and 0.304 for G255C. The mutations G81C and G255C appeared under BLAST and were missense mutations P27A and A85G respectively while A35G is located in the non-translated 5’ region of the gene. Chi-square test between each genotype for any site and the prolificacy was not significant (P > 0.01) suggesting that these two characters are not associated. Two mutations were detected in exon 2 at C881T and A1160G sites with C and T and A and G alleles respectively. The two mutations changed the corresponding amino acid from Alanine to Valine at the position 273 in the protein and from Valine to Isoleucine at the position 397 in the protein respectively. Allelic and genotypes frequencies of mutations varied from one mutation to another and between the two groups of females (high and low prolificacy). Chi-square test of the polymorphism shows that, although C881T and A1160G mutations were not significantly associated (P > 0.05) with prolificacy, the alleles responsible for the variation of amino acid increased the litter size. Therefore, further studies with increased sample size will help to verify the results.
Chimpanzees Behavioral Respons To A Shift In Number Of Visitors During Autumn Holiday In Aalborg Zoo
Authors: Ottosen Mette Pouline , Kjær Jonatan Willy , Andersen Martin , Bach Lars , Pagh Sussie
Published: February 2022

This study examin how the number of visitors affects the behavior of four chimpanzees Pan troglodytes in Aalborg Zoo. Overall, continuous focal sampling showed no significant changes in the chimpanzee’s behaviors that could be linked to the number of visitors. However, the youngest individual showed significant more shifts in behavior during holidays than during the control days. Individual differences were found in behavioural interactions, fouraging and stereotypical behavior.
Genetic Variations in Thomas’s Rope Squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and Gambian Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) Ibadan, Nigeria, Using Allozyme Markers
Authors: Oluwakayode M Coker , Osamede H Osaiyuwu , Otobong M Isong
Published: February 2022

Thomas’s Rope Squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and Gambian Sun Squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) are two of the eight squirrel species found in Nigeria with overlapping habitats in Southwestern Nigeria. Squirrels are involved in pollination, seed dispersal, vectors of human and domestic animal diseases as well as crop and household pests. These species and the crucial ecosystem services they render are threatened by habitat destruction, human encroachment and the fact that they are being used as a source of protein in Nigeria. Their conservation would be enhanced by availability of accurate genetic information which are scarce for these species. This study seeks to provide baseline data on genetic variation at three allozyme loci in the two species in University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-nine individual squirrels including eighteen F. anerythrus species and eleven H. gambianus were used in this study. These were obtained from the wild within the University of Ibadan. Observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), genetic distance between the species, and inbreeding coefficients were performed using POPGENE and Tools for Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). In F. anerythrus, Ho and He were 0.6092 and 0.5635, respectively, while, for H. gambianus, Ho and He were 0.6242 and 0.5745, respectively. There were no deviations from HWE in all the tested loci (p>0.05). Nei genetic distance between the species was 0.0070 and the populations showed fairly high level of outbreeding (FST = 0.0029 ± 0.0017). More robust genetic markers would be required to further ascertain the genetic status of the species.
Effect of water stress on the behavior of six durum wheat genotypes in a semi-arid region of western Algeria
Authors: Fetati Aicha , Mediouni Rida Mohammed , Benseddik Benchohra , Abbache Abdelkader , Zaagane Mansour
Published: February 2022

Six genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) were investigated under different watering regimes. Phenological and morphological parameters as well as some yield components were monitored. The results showed that: (1) the water deficit significantly affects the height of the plants, the length and the weight of the spikes. (2) Irrigation has a significant effect on all of the yield components. Doses of 39mm at tillering, 60mm at stem elongation and 30mm at heading stage achieved the best yields. (3) Earliness at heading and at maturity is an important factor in determining the adaptation to water stress and in obtaining a good yield. (4) Under favorable irrigation conditions precocious and semi-precocious selected varieties have been shown to be more productive and even adapted to the water stress of the region. (5) The productivity of the durum wheat crop is imperatively based on the choice of a tolerant genotype to the conditions of the region on the one hand and on the use of supplementary irrigation on the other hand, especially at the vegetative stage where the yield component is the most determining, in our case it seems to be the populating spike carried out at the booting stage.
Extraction and Quantification of Polyphenols of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater from the Cold Extraction of Olive Oil in the Region of Khenchela-Algeria
Authors: Gueboudji Zakia , Kadi Kenza , Nagaz Kamel
Published: February 2022

In the olive industry, the extraction operation requires large quantities of water; therefore, this industry generates large quantities of olive oil mill wastewater (OMW), which is heavily loaded with polyphenols. The objective of this work is to extract and quantify main phenolic compounds from OMW after the evaluation of its physicochemical properties. The extraction of phenolic compounds was done by the liquid-liquid method with ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol to find the most suitable solvent. The amount of total polyphenols was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using gallic acid as standard phenolic acid. The amount of flavonoids was determined by the aluminum trichloride method. The results of physicochemical analysis have shown that the OMW is an acidic liquid (pH = 5.05 ± 0.03) and it has a high electrical conductivity (EC= 14.40 ± 0.25 mS/cm), high humidity (H = 86 ± 3.1%). It was too loaded with organic matter (OM = 8.3 ± 0.05%), dry matter (DM = 16.2 ± 0.81%), mineral matter (MM% = 1.25 ± 0.07), total suspended solids (TSS = 0.9 ± 0.05%) and fatty matter (FM = 2.02 ± 0.04%). The results of the extraction show that the content of total phenolic and flavonoids in the methanolic extract of OMW are respectively 950 ± 14.2 µg GAE/ mg of extract and 80.6 ± 17.27 µg QE/mg of extract. The LC-MS results revealed the presence of 10 phenolic compounds. The major identified was quinic acid with a concentration of 23.940 ppm. According to the results obtained, methanol is the suitable solvent for the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from OMW that have great importance in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Goat breeding practice and production constraints in Boset and Minjar Shenkora districts of Ethiopia
Authors: Aseged Tesfalem , Abebe Hailu , Abraham Assefa , Tesfaye Getachew , Manaye Misganaw , Seble Sinke , Fasil Getachew , Solomon Abegaz
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted on a total of 144 randomly selected households of goat keepers from Boset district of Oromia region and Minjar Shenkora district of Amhara region. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative data, and the data were organized and analyzed by using SPSS, version 23. The main purposes of keeping goats in the study area were mainly for cash income and meat production with an index of 0.37 and 0.23 in Boset and 0.44 and 0.23 in Minjar Shenkora district respectively. The fast growth rate, body size, and coat color of the animal were ranked as major selection criteria for breeding buck across the study area. Body condition score was considered as the first reason to cull breeding male (0.35) and female (0.31) in Boset district. Whereas, poor fertility and growth stand first as culling criteria for breeding females and males in Minjar Shenkora with an index of 0.37 and 0.32 respectively. Predator (with an index of 0.32) and shortage of grazing lands with an index of 0.28) were the major constraints of goat production in Boset and Minjar Shenkora districts. Therefore, any conservation and improvement program strategy that is intended to be implemented in the study area should consider the practical variation of the existed system, and the interest of the farmer