bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEPOSIÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA E CARBONO EM PLANTIOS DE SABIÁ, ANDIROBA E FLORESTA SECUNDÁRIA
Authors: Giácomo Rômulo Guimarães , Pereira Marcos Gervasio Gervasio , Silva Cristiane Figueira , Gaia-Gomes João Henrique
Published: July 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o padrão de deposição anual de serapilheira, carbono orgânico (CO) e nitrogênio (N) entre as áreas de floresta secundária (FS) e plantios de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpinaefolia Benth.) e andiroba (Carapa guianenses Aubl.) (ambos os plantios com regeneração natural) na Floresta Nacional Mário Xavier, no município de Seropédica (RJ). Para a avaliação anual de deposição da serapilheira foram usados coletores circulares durante um ano (de outubro de 2006 a setembro de 2007). Os valores de aporte total de serapilheira foram 8,82, 8,35 e 6,95 Mg ha-1ano-1 para as áreas de plantio de M. caesalpinaeolia, plantio de C. guianenses e floresta secundária, respectivamente. O verão foi a única estação onde não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos aportes de serapilheira entre as áreas. As frações folha e fruto, em média, foram as que contribuíram com maior e menor aporte de material decíduo, respectivamente, nas três áreas avaliadas. Observou-se que as áreas de plantios de M. caesalpinaefolia e C. guianenses contribuíram com fluxo de CO e N para o solo via serapilheira semelhante a FS. Correlações entre as taxas de deposição serapilheira e as variáveis climáticas foram observadas apenas nas áreas de floresta secundária (correlação negativa com a temperatura e precipitação) e M. caesalpinaefolia (correlação negativa com a precipitação).
Retention Models on Core–Shell Columns
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Hájek Tomáš , Růžičková Marie
Published: July 2017

A thin, active shell layer on core–shell columns provides high efficiency in HPLC at moderately high pressures. We revisited three models of mobile phase effects on retention for core–shell columns in mixed aqueous–organic mobile phases: linear solvent strength and Snyder–Soczewiński two-parameter models and a three-parameter model. For some compounds, two-parameter models show minor deviations from linearity due to neglect of possible minor retention in pure weak solvent, which is compensated for in the three-parameter model, which does not explicitly assume either the adsorption or the partition retention mechanism in normal- or reversed-phase systems. The model retention equation can be formulated as a function of solute retention factors of nonionic compounds in pure organic solvent and in pure water (or aqueous buffer) and of the volume fraction of an either aqueous or organic solvent component in a two-component mobile phase. With core–shell columns, the impervious solid core does not participate in the retention process. Hence, the thermodynamic retention factors, defined as the ratio of the mass of the analyte mass contained in the stationary phase to its mass in the mobile phase in the column, should not include the particle core volume. The values of the thermodynamic factors are lower than the retention factors determined using a convention including the inert core in the stationary phase. However, both conventions produce correct results if consistently used to predict the effects of changing mobile phase composition on retention. We compared three types of core–shell columns with C18-, phenyl-hexyl-, and biphenyl-bonded phases. The core–shell columns with phenyl-hexyl- and biphenyl-bonded ligands provided lower errors in two-parameter model predictions for alkylbenzenes, phenolic acids, and flavonoid compounds in comparison with C18-bonded ligands.
O tempo presente: diálogo sobre a pós-modernidade
Authors: Rossetti Micaela Lüdke
Published: July 2017

Diversos teóricos dedicam seus estudos ao tempo presente: sociólogos, filósofos e críticos culturais, em uma perspectiva transdisciplinar, buscam caracterizações que viabilizem uma melhor compreensão da atualidade. Hipermodernidade, modernidade líquida ou pós-modernidade são algumas das nomenclaturas que Guy Debord, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Maffesoli, Fredric Jameson, Zygmunt Bauman e Gilles Lipovetsky utilizam para discutir o período que vem se configurando a partir de 1950 nos países ocidentais. Este artigo expõe e aproxima os olhares de tais pensadores a fim de entender a sociedade contemporânea – uma sociedade baseada no capitalismo globalizado, no presente e na coexistência de pluralidades. O intuito é, com esses teóricos reunidos e suas ideias justapostas, traçar similaridades e disparidades entre suas percepções para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o momento imediato. O trabalho salienta, ainda, a importância da arte nesse contexto dada a sua capacidade de refletir e abarcar discursos heterogêneos, oportunizando ao homem sintonizar-se com a metamorfose que se desenvolve atualmente.
A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS SEGUNDO O NOVO CPC
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinícius
Published: July 2017

Este escrito dedica-se a abordar algumas das inovações trazidas pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil, Lei n. 13.105/2015, especialmente sobre a fundamentação nas decisões judiciais, já que, de agora em diante, serão balizadas pelo novo marco procedimental, estabelecendo um ambiente técnico-procedimental argumentativo. A fim de nortear a atividade decisória o Novo CPC, art. 489, § 1º, elenca as hipóteses de não-fundamentação, sendo, portanto nula a decisão que incorra em qualquer de seus seis incisos. Por fim, apresenta-se que a necessidade de se estabelecer critérios minimamente objetivos para demarcação da atividade decisória é uma realidade.
Uma breve análise da intervenção estatal brasileira à luz do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV)
Authors: Medrado Maria José Celestino
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho realizou uma breve análise bibliográfico-documental sobre a intervenção do estado no atual programa nacional de habitação – o Minha Casa Minha Vida. Para isso, priorizou-se o período de 2009 a 2014, focalizando as ações destinadas a famílias com até três salários mínimos. Foi constatado que o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida apresenta significante valor mercadológico, pois foi implementado em um setor de grande importância para a geração de renda e emprego. No entanto, os resultados alcançados com o programa em relação aos indicadores de avaliação de desempenho, a saber, Economicidade, Eficiência, Eficácia e Efetividade, são insatisfatórios, pois não apresentam simetria com o bem-estar social dos beneficiários ou com aspectos ambientais, além de apresentar disparidade entre os gastos governamentais destinados ao programa. Nesse sentido, o referido programa favoreceu o mercado interno, o setor de construção civil e os aspectos político-partidários. Em contrapartida, favoreceu a exclusão social, deixando à margem indivíduos que apresentam baixo nível socioeconômico, além de inobservar ações voltadas para os aspectos ambientais de conservação e preservação. 
Problemas de comunicação em uma unidade de saúde: novas tecnologias aplicadas para velhas soluções.
Authors: Cordeiro Leonardo Ayres , Teodoro Marcel Rocha
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo apresenta características de uma unidade de saúde ligada ao programa saúde da família, em um município da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Foram avaliadas suas características físicas, de funcionamento e dificuldades no que tange as questões de comunicação interna, entre os funcionários e entre os gestores e funcionários. Os problemas de comunicação, como o silêncio organizacional, a falta de canais oficiais de informação e a comunicação feita de forma ineficiente, dentro do município, traziam dificuldades à gestão. Foram sugeridas diversas estratégias para corrigir as questões levantadas. Este trabalho fornece uma referência para que gestores que lidam com a saúde pública desenvolvam medidas corretivas para melhorar a comunicação, com o uso de tecnologias de informação ligada ao crescente mercado de aplicativos para celular. A gestão pública pode se aproveitar desse avanço tecnológico para acelerar o andamento das correções necessárias. Ganhos em eficiência, produtividade e melhorias no ambiente de trabalho são possíveis reflexos destas ações.
Algumas reflexões psicanalíticas sobre o fazer pedagógico de professores da educação infantil a partir do referencial curricular nacional para educação infantil e outros documentos
Authors: Barbosa Viviane Marques Alvim Campi , De Lima Nádia Laguárdia
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a prática dos professores junto às crianças pequenas de zero a três anos de idade, nas instituições de Educação Infantil. Para fazer essa reflexão utiliza a teoria psicanalítica. O percurso teórico parte das representações de professor que sustenta os referenciais e as diretrizes para a Educação Infantil, para em seguida analisar se os seus parâmetros favorecem ou não o trabalho do educador de apoio à subjetivação dos bebês e crianças pequenas. Considera-se que o trabalho do professor com bebês e crianças pequenas nas instituições não se restringe à aplicação de técnicas ou à execução de currículos prescritos, tampouco consiste em tomar as crianças como um corpo a ser higienizado, alimentado e protegido. Os referenciais e diretrizes para a educação infantil apresentam-se como uma maneira de regular e disciplinar a atuação dos profissionais da educação infantil, a fim de que seja garantido à criança o seu desenvolvimento integral. Entretanto, este artigo defende a hipótese de que o papel do educador não deveria estar referido a um padrão universal, mas caminhar no sentido da singularização das crianças.
Educação e cidadania: qual cidadania?
Authors: Tavares José Newton Tomazzoni
Published: July 2017

A presente reflexão quer trazer à luz a discussão sobre a ambiguidade do conceito de cidadania bem como sua relação histórica com o processo educacional em nosso país. Em que pese sua aparente estabilidade, tacitamente consensual, o conceito de cidadania não é algo acabado, previamente definido. Ao contrário, o conceito de cidadania é resultado de longas elaborações teóricas que de modo algum excluem as concepções políticas que o constrói. Assim, ao propor uma educação para a cidadania, é necessário antes definirmos sobre qual cidadania estamos falando. Quais os pressupostos políticos ideológicos que estão imbricados na sua construção e a quem tal cidadania pretende alcançar. Portanto, essa é a questão que se coloca essa pequena reflexão: Qual cidadania queremos quando falamos em cidadania? Esse conceito é unívoco? Estamos todos de acordo com seu significado? Quando se propõe que a educação seja uma educação para a cidadania, é preciso explicitar antes sobre qual cidadania se esta falando. Mais do que isso: sabemos as implicações políticas implícitas desse conceito? A política educacional brasileira nunca tratou dessa questão de forma mais sistemática.
Análise do impacto da utilização de um aplicativo móvel para o monitoramento e a qualificação das ações de campo dos Agentes de Combate às Endemias (ACE), no combate ao mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: Cordeiro Leonardo Ayres , Garcia Leandro Moreira
Published: July 2017

O combate ao vetor que transmite a Dengue, o Zica Vírus e a Chikungunya é feito no Brasil por um profissional denominado ACE (Agente de Combate às Endemias), que, além de combater os focos e criadouros, tem a missão de instruir a população quanto aos cuidados necessários para se manter um ambiente não propício à reprodução deste vetor. É um processo feito de forma artesanal, muito dependente da habilidade e comprometimento desses profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma alternativa para a informatização do serviço de campo dos ACE, utilizando um aplicativo móvel criado para o monitoramento e a qualificação de suas ações e demonstrar de que forma esta informatização pode trazer benefícios para a gestão municipal, para a produtividade dos profissionais envolvidos, para a população e para a diminuição dos focos e casos das doenças transmitidas pelo vetor. Para a implementação desta solução proposta foram descritas três etapas utilizando a tecnologia como fator viabilizador. Este artigo se baseou em um pré teste do aplicativo móvel criado, em um município da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte em Minas Gerais.
AUDIÊNCIA DE CUSTÓDIA: Uma análise sob o prisma da Resolução 213 do CNJ.
Authors: Teixeira Leandro , Rios Marcos Roberto da Silva
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho trata da audiência de custódia, nos termos da Resolução 213 do CNJ, e sua implementação no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica que vale-se de fontes primárias e secundárias, através da análise de manuais doutrinários, artigos e legislação pertinente ao tema. O trabalho apresentado é uma dissertação acerca da audiência de custódia, seus procedimentos a serem seguidos no intuito de garantir a preservação dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa presa, os participantes que a integram e suas finalidades a serem atingidas com a implementação no território pátrio.  A audiência de custódia também buscou adequar o processo penal aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, uma vez que, por serem normas definidoras de direitos e garantias fundamentais, referidos pactos têm aplicação imediata no território brasileiro. Finalizado o trabalho, foi possível concluir que a audiência de custódia trouxe avanços significativos no tocante à preservação dos direitos da pessoa presa, em suma, redução da prática de tortura, bem como a diminuição da população carcerária à espera de julgamento.
Sociale netværkssider og digital ungdomskultur: Når unge praktiserer venskab på nettet [Social Network Sites and Digital Youth Culture: When young people practice friendship online]
Authors: Larsen Malene Charlotte
Published: July 2017

During the past few years, hundreds of thousands of Danes have created personal profiles on websites such as Arto, Facebook and MySpace. With the emergence and popularisation of these sites, we have witnessed a new media concept: social network(ing) sites. As is often the case with new media, teenagers have been the first to take social network sites to heart. In this paper I discuss the concept of online social networking and describe how social network sites are used as part of everyday teenage life to maintain social relations. I do this, firstly, by presenting a number of concepts that I consider to be important in relation to young people's use of social network sites. Secondly, I highlight some results from my own research on 12-18-year-old children and adolescents’ use of various social network sites, including Arto.com, which has been Danish teenagers’ preferred venue on the Internet for a relatively long time. Using empirical examples, I analyse and discuss how social network sites are an integral part of the young users' friendships and social lives. The article is based on four years of ethnographic studies.
Dannelsesbegrebets rolle som regulativ ide i teoretisk pædagogik – Dannelsesbegrebet og den pædagogiske forskning
Authors: Wiberg Merete
Published: July 2017

In this paper, it will be argued that the concept of ‘Bildung’ has a twofold role in pedagogical research. On the one hand, it holds a position for conceptual analysis and discussions of how a pedagogical relation is established between an individual and the world. In this sense, it belongs to theoretical pedagogics. Humboldt concepts of receptivity and self-determination (Selbstätigkeit) and Klafki’s theory of categorial pedagogy are central contributions to this discussion. On the other hand, the concept of Bildung has a role as a regulative idea due to the ideas and imaginations of various forms of humanity it contains. In this sense, it fulﬁlls an ethical dimension since it is regulative for the pedagogical relationship between individual and world.
Skidt med årsagen, når bare vi er pålidelige. Psykiatriske diagnosers historiske indhold, udvikling og funktion
Authors: Ringø Pia
Published: July 2017

Hvad er det videnskabelige indhold i de psykiatriske diagnosesystemer? På hvilken måde har psykiatriske diagnoser en eksemplarisk relevans, der afspejler mere grundlæggende økonomiske, politiske og samfundsmæssige transformationsprocesser, og hvad kan vi lære af fortiden? Hvorfor handler uenigheder vedrørende de psykiatriske diagnoser dels om, hvad der bør kendetegne ”god” eller ”rigtig og sand” viden, men også om moral, værdier og menneske- og samfundssyn? Det er nogle af de spørgsmål, artiklen søger svar på. I artiklen vises, gennem en historisk analyse, hvorledes psykiatriske diagnoser afspejler grundlæggende bevægelser i viden om, og synet på, menneske, samfund og sygdom. Don’t mind the causes, just be reliable: The historical content, development, and function of psychiatric diagnosesHow do shifting psychiatric diagnoses reflect our understanding of humanity and of human problems, illnesses, and unwanted conditions? In what way do psychiatric diagnoses hold an exemplary relevance that transcends the object of research of psychiatry and reflects more fundamental econom- 58 Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, nr. 25, 57-72 ic, political, and societal transformation processes, and what can we learn from the past? Why are disagreements concerning psychiatric diagnoses partially about what ought to characterize “good” or “real and true” knowledge, but also about morals, values, and views on society and human nature? These are some of the questions that the article seeks to answer. Through a historical analysis, the article illustrates how psychiatric diagnoses reflect shifting views on society and human nature in a close welfare political and economic interaction.
LA JUSTICIA MEDIOAMBIENTAL COMO NUEVO PARADIGMA
Authors: Bas Soria José Juan
Published: July 2017

Resumen. La justicia medioambiental como nueva forma de enfocar los problemas medioambientales representa una opción todavía inexplorada en el espacio europeo. En su origen estuvo centrada en una temática específicamente estadounidense: el grado de participación de las minorías negra e hispana en lar cargas y beneficios medioambientales, acuñando los conceptos de “injusticia medioambiental” y de “racismo medioambiental”. Sin embargo, hoy en día representa un nuevo modo de “medir” los impactos medioambientales y este artículo propone un acercamiento al concepto de la justicia medioambiental, analizando sus elementos más característicos, así como los argumentos críticos que se han esgrimido, aportando las bases para un debate científico.
 
Palabras clave: Medio ambiente y desarrollo; justicia; gobierno; políticas públicas.
 
Abstract. Environmental justice as a new approach to environmental questions constitutes a non-explored option in the European scope. It was originally focused on American topics (the fair distribution of environmental charges and benefits, especially as concerns to black and latino communities), coining the concept of “environmental injustice” and “environmental racism”. Nonetheless, at the present time, it represents a new way of measuring environmental impacts. So, this article provides an approach to environmental justice, an analysis of its most characteristic features and an exam of its critical arguments, offering new grounds to the scientific debate.
 
Key words: Environment and development; justice; government policy.
IMMIGRACIÓN Y POLÍTICAS DE PARTICIPACIÓN EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE VALENCIA
Authors: Kruithof Ausina Andrea
Published: July 2017

Resumen. El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es identificar los mecanismos de participación disponibles para la comunidad de extranjeros asentada en la ciudad de Valencia. Una breve introducción y descripción de los conceptos utilizados será seguida del análisis de la regulación local, principalmente los Planes de Integración valencianos, así como los organismos derivados de ella. La segunda fase presenta un análisis crítico de la situación, mostrando los puntos fuertes y débiles de las políticas de participación dirigidas a los inmigrantes. Este artículo intentará demostrar que el resultado de estas políticas no se corresponde con las intenciones de Planes, sugiriendo que no ha sido una prioridad para las autoridades públicas. Finalmente, se presentarán recomendaciones para el futuro, apostando por una mayor inclusión de los recién llegados en la vida pública.
 
Palabras clave: políticas públicas, integración, participación cívica y política.
 
Abstract. The purpose of this research paper is to identify the existing mechanisms of participation for the foreign community established in Valencia (Spain). A brief introduction and description of the main concepts used will be followed by the analysis of the local regulation, mainly Valencia's Integration Plans, as well as those organisms created by them. The second phase will present a critical analysis of the situation, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the policies that address the participation of immigrants. This article will try to prove that the outcome of these policies doesn't fit well with the intentions declared in the Plans, proving that it hasn't been a priority for the public authorities. Finally, some recommendations for the future will be presented, taking chance for a larger involvement of the newcomers in public life.
 
Key words: public politics, integration, civic and political participation.
Cuticle hydrocarbons in saline aquatic beetles
Authors: Botella-Cruz María , Villastrigo Adrián , Pallarés Susana , López-Gallego Elena , Millán Andrés , Velasco Josefa
Published: July 2017

Hydrocarbons are the principal component of insect cuticle and play an important role in maintaining water balance. Cuticular impermeability could be an adaptative response to salinity and desiccation in aquatic insects; however, cuticular hydrocarbons have been poorly explored in this group and there are no previous data on saline species. We characterized cuticular hydrocarbons of adults and larvae of two saline aquatic beetles, namelyNebrioporus baeticus(Dytiscidae) andEnochrus jesusarribasi(Hydrophilidae), using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The CHC profile of adults of both species, characterized by a high abundance of branched alkanes and low of unsaturated alkenes, seems to be more similar to that of some terrestrial beetles (e.g., desert Tenebrionidae) compared with other aquatic Coleoptera (freshwater Dytiscidae). Adults ofE. jesusarribasihad longer chain compounds thanN. baeticus, in agreement with their higher resistance to salinity and desiccation.The more permeable cuticle of larvae was characterized by a lower diversity in compounds, shorter carbon chain length and a higher proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbons compared with that of the adults. These results suggest that osmotic stress on aquatic insects could exert a selection pressure on CHC profile similar to aridity in terrestrial species.
Thermal environment of the Southern Washington region of the Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Salmi Marie S. , Johnson H. Paul , Harris Robert N.
Published: July 2017

Eleven recently collected multichannel seismic (MCS) profiles from the Cascadia Open‐Access Seismic Transects experiment offshore Washington State are used to characterize the distribution of bottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs) from seaward of the deformation front onto the continental shelf of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The 11 MCS lines consisted of nine lines perpendicular and two lines parallel to the Cascadia margin covering a 100 km along‐strike region of the accretionary wedge. From these MCS profiles we generated a 3‐D view of the Cascadia margin thermal structure by interpreting 40,232 individual BSR picks in terms of temperature and heat flow. Overall BSR‐derived heat flow values decrease from approximately 95 mW m−2 10 km east of the deformation front to approximately 60 mW m−2 located 60 km landward of the deformation front. Anomalously low heat flow values near 25 mW m−2 on a prominent midmargin terrace indicate recent sediment failure within the accretionary prism. Localized differences between BSR heat flow and numerical models reflect an estimated regional mean vertical fluid flow of +0.53 cm yr−1 for the survey area, with localized fluid flow approaching a maximum of +3.8 cm yr−1. Distinct finite element models for the nine MCS profiles perpendicular to the deformation front reproduce BSR heat flow values, producing an overall root‐mean‐square misfit of 10.2 mW m−2. At the deformation front, the incoming oceanic sediment/crust interface temperatures vary from 164°C to 179°C, indicating the updip limit of the Cascadia seismogenic zone.
Evidence for a Holocene Climatic Optimum in the southwest Pacific: A multiproxy study
Authors: Prebble J. G. , Bostock H. C. , Cortese G. , Lorrey A. M. , Hayward B. W. , Calvo E. , Northcote L. C. , Scott G. H. , Neil H. L.
Published: July 2017

The early Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) gradient across the subtropical front (STF) to the east of New Zealand was ~2°C (measured between core sites MD97‐2121 and MD97‐2120): considerably less than the ~6°C modern gradient between the two core sites. We document the surface ocean temperatures east and south of New Zealand during the early and middle Holocene, to test and expand upon this reconstruction. This new study samples a latitudinal transect of seven sediment cores from 37°S to 60°S in the southwest Pacific from subtropical waters north of New Zealand to polar waters in the Southern Ocean. Our compilation of SST proxies consists of 525 SST estimates from five different methods and includes 243 new data points. We confirm that an early Holocene warm peak in this region was mostly restricted to the area immediately south of the STF, which resulted in a lower temperature gradient across the STF than in modern times. However, there is no change in Holocene SST south of the polar front. Faunal assemblages suggest an early Holocene meridional expansion of fauna characteristic of the modern subtropical front in the Bounty Gyre. We suggest that such an expansion could be achieved by a reduced inflow of Subantarctic Surface Water into the Bounty Gyre. Results from a modern‐analog matching platform called the Past Interpretation of Climate Tool (PICT) suggest that the early Holocene SST is most consistent with reduced westerly winds in the New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean.
50 GHz active‐LC CMOS oscillator: Theoretical study and experimental proofs
Authors: Pepe Domenico , Chlis Ilias , Zito Domenico
Published: July 2017

A 50 GHz cross‐coupled differential‐pair oscillator with a high‐Q active inductor in the LC tank has been designed and fabricated in 65 nm bulk complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The principle of operation is explained and a complete theoretical study is carried out. The analytical expressions for the open loop transfer function, oscillation frequency, start‐up condition, tank impedance, and phase noise are derived. The results of the analytical study are compared with those obtained by SpectreRF simulations in the Cadence design environment. Measurement results of the stand‐alone mm‐wave active inductor show an equivalent inductance of 133 pH with a quality factor exceeding 400 at 50 GHz, demonstrating experimentally the implementation of high‐Q active inductors operating at the millimeter waves in CMOS technology. The measurement results of the oscillator show a phase noise of −85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset from the carrier when the active inductor is switched off and −91 dBc/Hz when it is switched on, leading to a phased noise reduction of 6 dB.
Global association of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation with monsoon lows and depressions
Authors: Haertel Patrick , Boos William R.
Published: July 2017

Previous research has revealed that monsoon lows and depressions are modulated on intraseasonal time scales in a few regions, including India, Australia, and the East Pacific. This study examines whether such modulation occurs on a global scale and, in particular, how the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is associated with changes in synoptic‐scale vortices across all monsoon regions. The spatial climatology of monsoon disturbances is largely insensitive to MJO amplitude. However, monsoon disturbance frequency (MDF) varies substantially with MJO phase, with regional perturbations of 25 to 90% of the seasonal mean value across the tropics. In off‐equatorial locations, MDF maxima occur in locations where the MJO enhances low level cyclonic vorticity, typically near the western edge of midlevel moisture perturbations. In contrast, equatorial MDF perturbations are in phase with MJO moisture and rainfall anomalies, with maxima in regions with strong low level zonal wind convergence.
Regional warming of hot extremes accelerated by surface energy fluxes
Authors: Donat M. G. , Pitman A. J. , Seneviratne S. I.
Published: July 2017

Strong regional differences exist in how hot temperature extremes increase under global warming. Using an ensemble of coupled climate models, we examine the regional warming rates of hot extremes relative to annual average warming rates in the same regions. We identify hot spots of accelerated warming of model‐simulated hot extremes in Europe, North America, South America, and Southeast China. These hot spots indicate where the warm tail of a distribution of temperatures increases faster than the average and are robust across most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. Exploring the conditions on the specific day when the hot extreme occurs demonstrates that the hot spots are explained by changes in the surface energy fluxes consistent with drying soils. However, the model‐simulated accelerated warming of hot extremes appears inconsistent with observations, except over Europe. The simulated acceleration of hot extremes may therefore be unreliable, a result that necessitates a reevaluation of how climate models resolve the relevant terrestrial processes.
Fracture hydromechanical response measured by fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing at milliHertz frequencies
Authors: Becker M. W. , Ciervo C. , Cole M. , Coleman T. , Mondanos M.
Published: July 2017

A new method of measuring dynamic strain in boreholes was used to record fracture displacement in response to head oscillation. Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) was used to measure strain at mHz frequencies, rather than the Hz to kHz frequencies typical for seismic and acoustic monitoring. Fiber optic cable was mechanically coupled to the wall of a borehole drilled into fractured crystalline bedrock. Oscillating hydraulic signals were applied at a companion borehole 30 m away. The DAS instrument measured fracture displacement at frequencies of less than 1 mHz and amplitudes of less than 1 nm, in response to fluid pressure changes of less 20 Pa (2 mm H2O). Displacement was linearly related to the log of effective stress, a relationship typically explained by the effect of self‐affine fracture roughness on fracture closure. These results imply that fracture roughness affects closure even when displacement is a million times smaller than the fracture aperture.
Tracking silica in Earth's upper mantle using new sound velocity data for coesite to 5.8 GPa and 1073 K
Authors: Chen Ting , Liebermann Robert C. , Zou Yongtao , Li Ying , Qi Xintong , Li Baosheng
Published: July 2017

The compressional and shear wave velocities for coesite have been measured simultaneously up to 5.8 GPa and 1073 K by ultrasonic interferometry for the first time. The shear wave velocity decreases with pressure along all isotherms. The resulting contrasts between coesite and stishovite reach ~34% and ~45% for P and S wave velocities, respectively, and ~64% and ~75% for their impedance at mantle conditions. The large velocity and impedance contrasts across coesite‐stishovite transition imply that to generate the velocity and impedance contrasts observed at the X‐discontinuity, only a small amount of silica would be required. The velocity jump dependences on silica, d(lnVP)/d(SiO2) = 0.38 (wt %)−1 and d(lnVS)/d(SiO2) = 0.52 (wt %)−1, are utilized to place constraints on the amount of silica in the upper mantle and provide a geophysical approach to track mantle eclogite materials and ancient subducted oceanic slabs.
Radar and rain gauge rainfall discrepancies driven by changes in atmospheric conditions
Authors: Song Yang , Han Dawei , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2017

This study explores humidity impacts on radar‐gauge rainfall discrepancies in three‐dimensional spatial fields. The results indicate that the radar overestimates rainfall when relative humidity is low, whereas the increment of rainfall is detected by the gauge when relative humidity maintains high. The proposed linear models exhibit desirable fitting correlations between the mean relative humidity and the average rainfall deficits especially in the cold season with a higher correlation coefficient r (0.837). The results of model generalizations show a considerable improvement in the radar‐gauge rainfall agreement as RMSE declines evidently from 4.002 mm/h to 1.057 mm/h for rainfall events in the cold season and from 4.615 mm/h to 1.048 mm/h in the warm season. This is the first study as a proof of concept in quantifying relative humidity impacts on radar‐gauge rainfall discrepancies in three‐dimensional fields, which is worthwhile considered as an essential component in radar data correction for hydrometeorological applications.
A modified graft‐versus‐host‐induced model for systemic sclerosis, with pulmonary fibrosis in Rag2‐deficient mice
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Chi , Fujino Masayuki , Yang Ji , Li Xiao‐Kang , Zou Hejian
Published: July 2017

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that results in fibrosis in multiple organs. Various animal models for this disease have been developed, both genetic and induced. One of the induced models, sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease (scl‐GvHD), exhibits the main characteristics of SSc, but involves lethal γ‐irradiation of recipients. We sought to develop a modified scl‐GvHD model. Spleen cells from B10.D2 donor mice were transplanted into immunodeficient Rag‐2 recipients on the BALB/c genetic background. Tissue fibrosis was analyzed at 3 and 9 weeks after transplantation. In addition to serum levels of anti‐Scl‐70 autoantibody and cytokines, tissue inflammation, fibrosis, expression of collagen‐I and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), infiltration of leukocytes, mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, collagen‐I, α‐SMA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐6, the classical signal pathway of TGF‐β, Smad‐3, and p‐Smad‐3 expression in tissue were analyzed. Skin thickening and increased collagen synthesis, as well as the manifestation of tissue fibrosis, could be detected in skin, kidney, and lung of modified scl‐GvHD mouse model. Increased serum levels of anti‐Scl‐70 autoantibody, IL‐10, and TGF‐β could be detected. Increased CD4+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration were found in skin, kidney, and lung. Gene expression of collagen‐I, TGF‐β, α‐SMA, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 was increased in tissue of the scl‐GvHD model. Moreover, TGF‐β expression and Smad‐3 phosphorylation were detected in skin, kidney, and lung of scl‐GvHD mice. Our data show that spleen cells from B10.D2 donor mice transplanted into immunodeficient Rag‐2 recipients could induce typical fibrosis not only of the skin and kidney but also of lung, which was missing from previous scl‐GvHD models. Thus, the modified scl‐GvHD model might be a promising model to explore the immunologic mechanisms of SSc and may be useful for investigation of new therapies for systemic sclerosis.
Low‐Temperature Soft‐Cover Deposition of Uniform Large‐Scale Perovskite Films for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Fei , Tang Wentao , Xie Fengxian , Yin Maoshu , He Jinjin , Wang Yanbo , Chen Han , Qiang Yinghuai , Yang Xudong , Han Liyuan
Published: July 2017

Large‐scale high‐quality perovskite thin films are crucial to produce high‐performance perovskite solar cells. However, for perovskite films fabricated by solvent‐rich processes, film uniformity can be prevented by convection during thermal evaporation of the solvent. Here, a scalable low‐temperature soft‐cover deposition (LT‐SCD) method is presented, where the thermal convection‐induced defects in perovskite films are eliminated through a strategy of surface tension relaxation. Compact, homogeneous, and convection‐induced‐defects‐free perovskite films are obtained on an area of 12 cm2, which enables a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% on a solar cell with an area of 5 cm2. This is the highest efficiency at this large cell area. A PCE of 15.3% is also obtained on a flexible perovskite solar cell deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate owing to the advantage of presented low‐temperature processing. Hence, the present LT‐SCD technology provides a new non‐spin‐coating route to the deposition of large‐area uniform perovskite films for both rigid and flexible perovskite devices.
Intensive consolidation with G‐CSF support: Tolerability, safety, reduced hospitalization, and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia patients ≥60 years
Authors: Sperr Wolfgang R. , Herndlhofer Susanne , Gleixner Karoline , Girschikofsky Michael , Weltermann Ansgar , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Sliwa Thamer , Poehnl Rainer , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Strecker Karin , Hoermann Gregor , Knoebl Paul , Jaeger Ulrich , Geissler Klaus , Kundi Michael , Valent Peter
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of intensified consolidation therapy employing fludarabine and ARA‐C in cycle 1 and intermediate‐dose ARA‐C (IDAC) in cycles 2 through 4, in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to analyze the effects of pegfilgrastim on the duration of neutropenia, overall toxicity, and hospitalization‐time during consolidation in these patients. Thirty nine elderly patients with de novo AML (median age 69.9 years) who achieved complete remission (CR) after induction‐chemotherapy were analyzed. To examine the effect of pegfilgrastim on neutropenia and hospitalization, we compared cycles 2 and 4 where pegfilgrastim was given routinely from day 6 (IDAC‐P) with cycle 3 where pegfilgrastim was only administered in case of severe infections and/or prolonged neutropenia. All four planned cycles were administered in 23/39 patients (59.0%); 5/39 patients (12.8%) received 3 cycles, 3/39 (7.7%) 2 cycles, and 8/39 (20.5%) one consolidation‐cycle. The median duration of severe neutropenia was 7 days in cycle 2 (IDAC‐P), 11.5 days in cycle 3 (IDAC), and 7.5 days in cycle 4 (IDAC‐P) (P < .05). Median overall survival was 1.1 years and differed significantly between patients aged <75 and ≥75 years (P < .05). The probability to be alive after 5 years was 32%. Together, intensified consolidation can be administered in AML patients ≥60, and those who are <75 may benefit from this therapy. Routine administration of pegfilgrastim during consolidation shortens the time of neutropenia and hospitalization in these patients.
Long‐term analysis of phase II studies of single‐agent lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Luigi Zinzani Pier , Habermann Thomas M. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Drach Johannes , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Kalayoglu Besisik Sevgi , Takeshita Kenichi , Casadebaig Bravo Marie‐Laure , Zhang Lei , Fu Tommy , Goy Andre
Published: July 2017

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with aggressive disease characteristics resulting in multiple relapses after initial treatment. Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent approved in the US for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL following bortezomib based on results from 3 multicenter phase II studies (2 including relapsed/refractory aggressive NHL and 1 focusing on MCL post‐bortezomib). The purpose of this report is to provide longer follow‐up on the MCL‐001 study (follow‐ups were 6.8 [NHL‐002], 7.6 [NHL‐003], and 52.2 [MCL‐001] months). The 206 relapsed MCL patients treated with single‐agent lenalidomide (25 mg/day PO, days 1 to 21 every 28‐days) had a median age of 67 years (63% ≥65 years), 91% with stage III/IV disease, and 50% with ≥4 previous treatment regimens. With a median follow‐up of X, the combined best overall response rate (ORR) was 33% (including 11% with complete remission [CR]/CR unconfirmed CRu). Lenalidomide produced rapid and durable responses with a median time to response of 2.2 months and median duration of response (DOR) of 16.6 months (95% CI: 11.1%‐29.8%). The safety profile was consistent and manageable; myelosuppression was the most common adverse event (AE). Overall, single‐agent lenalidomide showed consistent efficacy and safety in multiple phase II studies of heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory MCL, including those previously treated with bortezomib.
An Esterase‐Sensitive Prodrug Approach for Controllable Delivery of Persulfide Species
Authors: Zheng Yueqin , Yu Bingchen , Li Zhen , Yuan Zhengnan , Organ Chelsea L. , Trivedi Rishi K. , Wang Siming , Lefer David J. , Wang Binghe
Published: July 2017

A strategy to deliver a well‐defined persulfide species in a biological medium is described. Under near physiological conditions, the persulfide prodrug can be activated by an esterase to generate a “hydroxymethyl persulfide” intermediate, which rapidly collapses to form a defined persulfide. Such persulfide prodrugs can be used either as chemical tools to study persulfide chemistry and biology or for future development as H2S‐based therapeutic reagents. Using the persulfide prodrugs developed in this study, the reactivity between S‐methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) with persulfide was unambiguously demonstrated. Furthermore, a representative prodrug exhibited potent cardioprotective effects in a murine model of myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury with a bell shape therapeutic profile.
Activation of Remote meta‐C−H Bonds in Arenes with Tethered Alcohols: A Salicylonitrile Template
Authors: Zhang Lanlan , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Yang , Xu Jiancong , Xu Xiufang , Jin Zhong
Published: July 2017

Palladium‐catalyzed activation of remote meta‐C−H bonds in arenes containing tethered alcohols was achieved with high regioselectivity by using a nitrile template. Computational studies on the macrocyclic transition state of the regioselectivity‐determining C−H activation steps revealed that both the C‐N‐Ag angles and gauche comformations of phenyl ether play an extremely important role in the meta selectivity.
Biodegradable biocomposites from poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and miscanthus: Preparation, compatibilization, and performance evaluation
Authors: Muthuraj Rajendran , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar
Published: July 2017

Miscanthus fibers reinforced biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix‐based biocomposites were produced by melt processing. The performances of the produced PBAT/miscanthus composites were evaluated by means of mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis. Compared to neat PBAT, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, storage modulus, and tensile modulus were increased after the addition of miscanthus fibers into the PBAT matrix. These improvements were attributed to the strong reinforcing effect of miscanthus fibers. The polarity difference between the PBAT matrix and the miscanthus fibers leads to weak interaction between the phases in the resulting composites. This weak interaction was evidenced in the impact strength and tensile strength of the uncompatibilized PBAT composites. Therefore, maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PBAT was prepared as compatibilizer by melt free radical grafting reaction. The MAH grafting on the PBAT was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The interfacial bonding between the miscanthus fibers and PBAT was improved with the addition of 5 wt % of MAH‐grafted PBAT (MAH‐g‐PBAT) compatibilizer. The improved interaction between the PBAT and the miscanthus fiber was corroborated with mechanical and morphological properties. The compatibilized PBAT composite with 40 wt % miscanthus fibers exhibited an average heat deflection temperature of 81 °C, notched Izod impact strength of 184 J/m, tensile strength of 19.4 MPa, and flexural strength of 22 MPa. From the scanning electron microscopy analysis, better interaction between the components can be observed in the compatibilized composites, which contribute to enhanced mechanical properties. Overall, the addition of miscanthus fibers into a PBAT matrix showed a significant benefit in terms of economic competitiveness and functional performances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45448.
A qPCR MGB probe based eDNA assay for European freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.)
Authors: Carlsson Jeanette E.L. , Egan Damian , Collins Patrick C. , Farrell Edward D. , Igoe Fran , Carlsson Jens
Published: July 2017

1. Environmental (e)DNA assays are becoming increasingly used to detect rare or invasive aquatic species.

2. The Critically Endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is undergoing range‐wide reduction in population numbers and distribution.

3. An eDNA assay to detect the presence of M. margaritifera was developed, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, utilizing species‐specific primers, a minor groove binding (MGB) probe and quantitative (q)PCR approaches.

4. The results from this pilot study demonstrated high sensitivity both in laboratory and field trials, and provide a valuable non‐invasive tool for detecting M. margaritifera.
Controllable Synthesis of Ultrathin NiCo2O4 Nanosheets Incorporated onto Composite Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Huang Yunpeng , Cui Fen , Zhao Yan , Bao Jian , Lian Jiabiao , Xu Yuanguo , Liu Tianxi , Li Huaming
Published: July 2017

Exploring non‐precious‐metal‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts featuring high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness is of great importance for the broad applications of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. In this work, ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets deposited on 1D SnO2 nanotubes (SNT) were successfully fabricated through a productive electrospinning technique followed by a sintering and low‐temperature coprecipitation strategy. This hierarchically engineered architecture has ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets uniformly and fully erected on both walls of tubular SNTs, which results in improved electrochemical activity as an ORR catalyst, in terms of positive onset potential and high current density, as well as superior tolerance to crossover effects and long‐term durability with respect to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The excellent performance of SNT@NiCo2O4 composites may originate from their rationally designed hierarchical tubular nanostructure with completely exposed active sites and interconnected 1D networks for efficient electron and electrolyte transfer; this makes these composite nanotubes promising candidates to replace platinum‐based catalysts for practical fuel cell and metal–air battery applications.
Backstepping Control for Flexible Joint with Friction Using Wavelet Neural Networks and L2‐Gain Approach
Authors: Chu Ming , Jia Qingxuan , Sun Hanxu
Published: July 2017

In this study, a new backstepping control scheme is proposed to deal with the high accuracy flexible joint servo system's position control. Based on the introduction of non‐consecutive friction, the cascade dynamics equations of flexible joint are established. The macroscopic controller is designed using a backstepping design technique to suppress the flexibility and external disturbance based on the L2 property. To identify the non‐consecutive function, the wavelet neural networks (WNN) are utilized in the microscopic controller to compensate for nonlinear friction and uncertainties. The combined strategy of macro and micro controller can overcome the derivation explosion problem and avoid the joint acceleration measurement and upper bound forecast. Finally, stability analysis and mathematical simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of this new controller.