bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние водородной атмосферы на свойства пленки оксида алюминия на титане BT1-0
Authors: Сыпченко В.С , Цайлунь Ван , Никитенков Н.Н. , Тюрин Ю.И. , Сигфуссон Т.И. , Киселева Е.С.
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have considered interaction between an aluminum oxide film magnetron-sputtered on commercially pure VT1-0 titanium and a hydrogen atmosphere. The time the system was exposed to hydrogen varied from 1 to 4 h with all other parameters remaining the same. Data for the distribution of hydrogen over the depth (film thickness) and its content in the thin-film system have been obtained, and the influence of the hold time in hydrogen on the adhesion and friction coefficient of the film has been revealed. In addition, the surface conductivity and hydrogen distribution in the aluminum oxide film have been determined.
Рентгеновские компьютерные методы исследований структурной целостности семян и их значение в современном семеноведении
Authors: Архипов М.В. , Прияткин Н.С. , Гусакова Л.П. , Потрахов Н.Н. , Грязнов А.Ю. , Бессонов В.Б. , Ободовский А.В. , Староверов Н.Е.
Published: March 2019

AbstractX-ray computer methods of research (projection microfocus radiography and microtomography), which are used to study the problem of hidden defects of seeds and investigate its impact on sowing quality, have been considered. The description and main characteristics of technical means that were used to obtain digital two-dimensional and three-dimensional (tomographic) X-ray images of seeds have been given and the possible ways of their quantitative computer processing and analysis have been discussed. Conclusions about the abilities of the methods of projection microfocus radiography and microtomography to study the features of the internal structures of a seed that are related to the violation of its integrity have been formulated.
Приближение Релея для многослойных несофокусных сфероидов
Authors: Фарафонов В.Г. , Устимов В.И. , Ильин В.Б.
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe consider the light scattering by layered spheroids that are small compared to the wavelength of the incident radiation. Simple approximate formulas are obtained for the polarizability of such particles with nonconfocal spheroidal surfaces of layers by reducing infinite matrices in the rigorous solution of the problem to matrices of dimensions 2 × 2 and 4 × 4. In the first case, the approximate expression for the polarizability formally coincides with the well-known expression for spheroids with confocal surfaces of layers and, correspondingly, represents an accurate result for such particles. The second case is, in essence, taking into account in the first approximation the effect of nonconfocality of core surfaces and particle layers. The results of numerical calculations carried out for two- and three-layer particles using both approximate expressions and formulas of the rigorous solution showed that, in a wide range of parameters, the relative error of the simpler approximation (2 × 2) is lower than 1%, while the error of the other approximation (4 × 4) is smaller than 0.1%. It is inferred that the found approximate formulas are rather accurate and universal, and they can be efficiently used in calculations of the optical properties of small multilayer spheroidal particles.
Электрохромные стекла с раздельным регулированием пропускания видимого света и ближнего инфракрасного излучения (обзор)
Authors: Майоров В.А.
Published: March 2019

AbstractMechanisms of plasmon and polariton attenuation of solar radiation are successively activated in crystal nanoparticles of reduced (doped with oxygen vacancies) tungsten trioxide and titanium dioxide doped with metals with a valence of 5 or 6 upon electrochemical injection of electrons followed by injection of positively charged ions. Application of mesoporous electrodes fabricated from such nanoparticles in electrochromic glass makes possible separate dynamic regulation of transmission of visible light and near-infrared radiation, which enables gradual change of the glass state from light warm to light cold and further to dark cold. Results of studies of electrochromic glasses with separate regulation of transmission of visible light and near-infrared radiation are analyzed. Information on the influence of structural characteristics of the mesoporous electrode and the type of the electrolyte on optical spectral properties, duration of transient processes, and cyclic stability of the device are summarized. It is established that electrochromic glasses with nanostructured one-component electrodes fabricated from reduced tungsten trioxide and doped titanium dioxide exhibit optimal optical, exploitation, and technological properties.
Исследование теплообмена при конденсации на поверхностях труб методом градиентной теплометрии
Authors: Сапожников С.З. , Митяков В.Ю. , Митяков А.В. , Бабич А.Ю. , Зайнуллина Э.Р.
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor the first time, heat transfer during condensation has been studied using gradient heat flux measurement. The applicability of the new method has been tested on a model of a well-studied object—a circular pipe. The experiments involved heat transfer investigation during condensation of saturated water vapor at the outer and inner surfaces of the pipe. Gradient heat flux measurement is shown to be highly informative, which opens up new prospects for research in the field of heat transfer during phase transformations, has been revealed.
Cинтез гибридных материалов на основе многостенных углеродных нанотрубок, декорированных нанопокрытиями WC-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=- различной морфологии
Authors: Кремлев К.В. , Объедков А.М. , Семенов Н.М. , Каверин Б.С. , Кетков С.Ю. , Вилков И.В. , Андреев П.В. , Гусев С.А. , Аборкин А.В.
Published: March 2019

AbstractNew hybrid materials based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a nonstoichiometric tungsten carbide coating (WC_1 –_ x /MWCNTs) were synthesized by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with tungsten hexacarbonyl used as a precursor. The mass ratio of precursors was varied to obtain nonstoichiometric tungsten carbide coatings of different morphologies ranging from spatially separated nanoparticles to a uniform ~300-nm-thick coating with a granular structure.
Экспериментальные исследования динамики распространения включенного состояния низковольтных лазеров-тиристоров на основе гетероструктур AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Гаврина П.С. , Соболева О.С. , Подоскин А.А. , Романович Д.Н. , Головин В.С. , Слипченко С.О. , Пихтин Н.А. , Багаев Т.А. , Ладугин М.А. , Мармалюк А.А. , Симаков В.А.
Published: March 2019

A technique is proposed for determining the spatio-temporal dynamics of current in semiconductor heterostructures. This technique is based on the modulation of external radiation during passage through the crystal under study. Approbation of the technique was carried out on semiconductor laser-thyristor based on AlGaAs/ InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. The experimental results are in a good qualitative agreement with previous measurements of the spatio-temporal dynamics in the laser-thyristor.
Влияние технологии получения ферритизированного порошка на степень магнитной текстуры пластин гексаферритов BaFe-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-19-=/SUB=- и SrFe-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-19-=/SUB=-
Authors: Тимофеев А.В. , Костишин В.Г. , Читанов Д.Н.
Published: March 2019

The paper studies influence of the technology producing ferritized powder of barium and strontium hexaferrites on the degree of magnetic texture of plates based on them. It is shown that the use of chemical coprecipitation technology compared to ceramic technology allows to obtain hexaferrite plates with the same values of the magnetic field pressing of raw blanks, the degree of magnetic texture is 19 – 22 % higher.
Статистический анализ прочности ориентированных волокон полиамида-6
Authors: Бойко Ю.М. , Марихин В.А. , Москалюк О.А. , Мясникова Л.П. , Цобкалло Е.С.
Published: March 2019

AbstractStatistical analysis of distribution of the tensile strength of commercial oriented polyamide-6 (PA-6) fibers has been performed in the framework of the Gaussian and Weibull models using a large data array of the results of measurements for a large number (50) of identical samples. Using the example of PA-6, the dualism of strength distribution in oriented high-strength polymers is demonstrated for the first time, which consists in the validity of both the normal Gaussian distribution (characteristic of viscoelastic and plastic materials) and the Weibull distribution (characteristic of brittle materials).
Differential Diagnosis Assessment in Ambulatory Care With an Automated Medical History–Taking Device: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Schwitzguebel Adrien Jean-Pierre , Jeckelmann Clarisse , Gavinio Roberto , Levallois Cécile , Benaïm Charles , Spechbach Hervé
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Automated medical history–taking devices (AMHTDs) are emerging tools with the potential to increase the quality of medical consultations by providing physicians with an exhaustive, high-quality, standardized anamnesis and differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an AMHTD to obtain an accurate differential diagnosis in an outpatient service.

METHODS

We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial involving 59 patients presenting to an emergency outpatient unit and suffering from various conditions affecting the limbs, the back, and the chest wall. Resident physicians were randomized into 2 groups, one assisted by the AMHTD and one without access to the device. For each patient, physicians were asked to establish an exhaustive differential diagnosis based on the anamnesis and clinical examination. In the intervention group, residents read the AMHTD report before performing the anamnesis. In both the groups, a senior physician had to establish a differential diagnosis, considered as the gold standard, independent of the resident’s opinion and AMHTD report.

RESULTS

A total of 29 patients were included in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. Differential diagnosis accuracy was higher in the intervention group (mean 75%, SD 26%) than in the control group (mean 59%, SD 31%; P=.01). Subgroup analysis showed a between-group difference of 3% (83% [17/21]-80% [14/17]) for low complexity cases (1-2 differential diagnoses possible) in favor of the AMHTD (P=.76), 31% (87% [13/15]-56% [18/33]) for intermediate complexity (3 differential diagnoses; P=.02), and 24% (63% [34/54]-39% [14/35]) for high complexity (4-5 differential diagnoses; P=.08). Physicians in the intervention group (mean 4.3, SD 2) had more years of clinical practice compared with the control group (mean 5.5, SD 2; P=.03). Differential diagnosis accuracy was negatively correlated to case complexity (r=0.41; P=.001) and the residents’ years of practice (r=0.04; P=.72). The AMHTD was able to determine 73% (SD 30%) of correct differential diagnoses. Patient satisfaction was good (4.3/5), and 26 of 29 patients (90%) considered that they were able to accurately describe their symptomatology. In 8 of 29 cases (28%), residents considered that the AMHTD helped to establish the differential diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

The AMHTD allowed physicians to make more accurate differential diagnoses, particularly in complex cases. This could be explained not only by the ability of the AMHTD to make the right diagnoses, but also by the exhaustive anamnesis provided.
Developing Embodied Conversational Agents for Coaching People in a Healthy Lifestyle: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kramer Lean L , ter Stal Silke , Mulder Bob C , de Vet Emely , van Velsen Lex
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are animated computer characters that simulate face-to-face counseling. Owing to their capacity to establish and maintain an empathic relationship, they are deemed to be a promising tool for starting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to identify the current practices in designing and evaluating ECAs for coaching people in a healthy lifestyle and provide an overview of their efficacy (on behavioral, knowledge, and motivational parameters) and use (on usability, usage, and user satisfaction parameters).

METHODS

We used the Arksey and O’Malley framework to conduct a scoping review. PsycINFO, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scopus were searched with a combination of terms related to ECA and lifestyle. Initially, 1789 unique studies were identified; 20 studies were included.

RESULTS

Most often, ECAs targeted physical activity (n=16) and had the appearance of a middle-aged African American woman (n=13). Multiple behavior change techniques (median=3) and theories or principles (median=3) were applied, but their interpretation and application were usually not reported. ECAs seemed to be designed for the end user rather than with the end user. Stakeholders were usually not involved. A total of 7 out of 15 studies reported better efficacy outcomes for the intervention group, and 5 out of 8 studies reported better use-related outcomes, as compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

ECAs are a promising tool for persuasive communication in the health domain. This review provided valuable insights into the current developmental processes, and it recommends the use of human-centered, stakeholder-inclusive design approaches, along with reporting on the design activities in a systematic and comprehensive manner. The gaps in knowledge were identified on the working mechanisms of intervention components and the right timing and frequency of coaching.
Editorial. Otro 8 de Marzo
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: March 2019

Nuevamente llega marzo, y el papel de la mujer en todos los ámbitos aparece como si surgiera de un volcán que entra en erupción cada año, cercano al 8 de marzo.
Síndrome hemofagocitico
Authors: Dávila Dupont Daniel
Published: March 2019

En este artículo los autores realizan una revisión de las manifestaciones clínicas, patología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con síndrome hemofagocítico.
Diagnóstico incidental de Enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester en paciente con presentación inusual
Authors: Cisneros Bernal Ernesto , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Eulalio Alberto , Soto Salazar Laura Gabriela
Published: March 2019

La enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester (ECD), es un padecimiento raro, descrito por primera vez en 1930, por Jakob Erdheim y William Chester. La presentación más común de la enfermedad consiste en dolor óseo. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante la confirmación histopatológica junto a las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad, así como con los auxiliares radiológicos. La presentación de un caso inusual nos invita a no dar por sentada ninguna manifestación clínica o paraclínica en los pacientes.
Mononucleosis Epstein -Barr negativa: variación poco reconocida de enfermedad popular
Authors: Ruvalcaba Lara Luis Felipe , Tello Casillas Jessica Karen
Published: March 2019

Se reporta el caso de un paciente joven, inmunocompetente y sin factores de riesgo, con adenopatías cervicales, fiebre, malestar general compatible síndrome mononucleósico. La persistencia de síntomas a pesar de múltiples tratamientos con antibióticos lleva a los médicos tratantes a echar un segundo vistazo. El hallazgo y desenlace, los hallarás aquí.
La señora de la Tierra de cabello rojo ensortijado
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: March 2019

En la profesión médica como en las deidades ancestrales vemos la estrecha relación vida-muerte o nacimiento y muerte. Aquí conocerá de una deidad mexica de la que poco se ha documentado, pero que tiene gran relevancia, ya que se relaciona con la vida y la muerte. Era tan temida que poco se hablaba de ella abiertamente. Sus relieves veían hacia la tierra, en la oscuridad. Por ser de la Tierra a ella se entrega el ombligo de los recién nacidos, y ella, la que fue sacrificada con engaños, dio lugar al cielo y a la tierra, pero su hambre por sangre humana no se apacigua. Su imagen es imponente con garras afiladas y largos dientes. Su cabello ensortijado y rojo la señala como una deidad del inframundo y se mantuvo justo en la oscuridad escondida por varios siglos, ahí en la entrada del Templo Mayor, centro del universo mexica.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NANOSPONGES LOADED EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS OF LANSOPRAZOLE
Authors: Francis Dingwoke John Emeka , Yusuf Felix Sunday
Published: March 2019

Nanosponges are tiny sponges with an average diameter below 1µm and consist of cavities filled with drug molecules. Lansoprazole is one of the classes of proton pump inhibitors, it reduces gastric acidity, and used in disorders such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reflux oesophagitis.   In present study for extended delivery of lansoprazole at optimal concentration and to reduce the frequency of dosing and thus to increase patient convenience nanosponges loaded extended release tablets were prepared. Initially four different nanosponges formulations were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated on various parameters. Ethyl cellulose was used as entrapping agent and dichloromethane as cross linking agent in various proportions and evaluated for powder flow properties, % yield, zeta potential, and in-vitro drug release characteristics. Based on the evaluation results, formulation NS1 was selected to prepare five extended release tablets formulations by using HPMC K30 and chitosan as extended release polymers. All five formulations were evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, % drug content and in-vitro drug release. From the results, it was found that all the evaluation results are within pharmacopoeial limits. From this study, we concluded feasibility of extended release of Lansoprazole through nanosponge loaded extended release tablets. Formulation of batch NT1, containing HPMC K30 was found to be optimum formulation.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO DISSOLUTION STUDY OF BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSIONS OF ACECLOFENAC
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Lucky Rasheda Akter
Published: March 2019

The poor aqueous solubility of the drug exhibits in variable dissolution rate and hence poor bioavailability. Aceclofenac is poorly water soluble drug. The aim of the present study was to improve the water solubility and the dissolution rate of Aceclofenac by solid dispersion technique using different water soluble polymers. The term solid dispersions refer to the dispersions of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix at solid state. In this study, binary solid dispersion of Aceclofenac were prepared by fusion method using Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), Poloxamer as carrier. Different drug-carrier weight ratio was used for this study. The effect of the carrier on the solubility and in-vitro dissolution were studied. It was found the drug was released 26.86% after 5 minutes and only 40.19% within 60 mins from active Aceclofenac on the other hand the release pattern of Aceclofenac from the binary SD formulation containing PEG 6000 in 1:5 ratio (Formulation coding: A5) showed the best result in comparison of other binary and ternary SD formulations which was 62.29% after 5 min and 83.03% within 60 mins. The hydrophilic polymers used for the preparation of solid dispersion are showed significant increase in the solubility of Aceclofenac.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ETORICOXIB MICROBEADS FOR SUSTAINED DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Paliwal Sonia
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to develop novel drug design of etoricoxib microbeads for sustained drug delivery by oral route which reduces the dosing frequency. Etoricoxib is a NSAIDs commonly used by patients so to reduce the dosing frequency of drug administration the etoricoxib loaded microbeads were prepared with sodium alginate and calcium chloride in different ratios by inotropic gelation technique and characterized by FTIR, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling Index and release profile. The microbeads show that 3.86±0.28% of surface entrapment, drug content87±0.35%, swelling Index was found to be 80.76 and 88.72±0.15drug entrapment of F4 formulation depending on polymer/drug ratio. The IR spectrum shows stable character of etoricoxib in the microbeads and revealed an absence of drug polymer interaction. The prepared microbeads were spherical in shape and had a size range of 125±0.02to 165±0.18µm, the release of the drug was found to be 64.092±0.24 in F4 formulation among all formulation in 240 minutes which shows that the drug released by sustained effect and shows kinetic release mechanism the formulation F1 shows fickian diffusion and F2, F3 and F4 shows the super-case Ⅱ transport which depends upon the loss of polymeric chain and the release of drug takes place.
Assessment of the readability of patient education materials regarding breast cancer on websites
Authors: Aksoy Nergis , Kozanhan Betul , ERYİLMAZ Mehmet Ali , Tutar Mahmut Sami
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The Google search engine
is a widely used resource for accessing health-related patient education texts.
Therefore accessible information in the texts should be accurate, up-to-date
and appropriate to the general public health literacy level. In this research,
we aimed to analyze the readability of patient education texts prepared for
breast cancer presented on internet and to evaluate the content of texts.Methods:A total of 200 web sites
at Google search engine were evaluated using the terms  “breast cancer and breast mass”. The average
readability level was analyzed using Ateşman and Bezirci-Yilmaz readability formulas.
The texts were also evaluated in terms of the risk factors identified in the
development of breast cancer, the presence of examination and screening methods
that could be used in early diagnosis.Results:A total 64 internet sites
that are in compliance with the research criteria were evaluated. The overall
mean reading level of the texts was found moderate, using the Ateşman formula
and college level according to Bezirci. 18 Web sites had both the risk factors
identified in the development of breast cancer and the methods of screenings.Conclusions: A
total 64 internet sites that are in compliance with the research criteria were
evaluated. The overall mean reading level of the texts was found moderate,
using the Ateşman formula and college level according to Bezirci. 18 Web sites
had both the risk factors identified in the development of breast cancer and
the methods of screenings.
Modelo para el diseño y producción de un multimedia para el curso Recursos Didácticos para el Aprendizaje del Inglés
Authors: Saborío-Taylor Silvia
Published: March 2019

Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) implican cambios no sólo a nivel global en la sociedad, sino también en los sistemas educativos.  Los profesores deben adquirir las competencias necesarias que les faculte para una integración de las TIC en los diferentes escenarios educativos.  Paralelo a la propuesta de un rediseño curricular del curso Recursos Didácticos para la Enseñanza del Inglés, se presentó el diseño y producción de un multimedia para informar y proporcionar a los docentes que imparten el curso sobre herramientas tecnológicas aplicables a la enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés.  Como sistematización de la experiencia, este artículo presenta un modelo como guía para los diversos elementos que componen explícitamente la fase de diseño y producción de un material multimedia.  De igual forma se incluye aspectos evaluativos posterior al proceso de diseño y producción del multimedio que ayudaron a mejorar la calidad del material desde la perspectiva de aspectos técnicos, estéticos y de contenido.
Percepción de los estudiantes sobre las carreras y servicios de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica
Authors: Sanabria-Araya Fabio , Mora-Vicarioli Francisco
Published: March 2019

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes respecto a las diferentes carreras y énfasis que ofrece la Escuela de Ciencias de la Administración (ECA), de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED). El proceso de investigación fue descriptivo, y así conocer la opinión general de los consultados sobre varios elementos de la demanda en la oferta académica de sus carreras. Dicha información se obtuvo mediante una encuesta dirigida a los estudiantes matriculados durante el segundo cuatrimestre del 2015, tanto en el Centro Universitario (CU) de San José como en el Liceo Anastasio Alfaro, utilizando un método de muestreo por conveniencia, por la facilidad para consultar a los estudiantes que asisten a las tutorías que se imparten en ambos recintos. Destacó que la carrera de mayor demanda es la de Contaduría Pública, seguida de Dirección de Empresas, Banca y Finanzas y Recursos Humanos. Un comportamiento similar se mantiene con respecto a las carreras que más les motiva estudiar, pues Contaduría y Recursos Humanos encabeza la preferencia de los estudiantes. Así, es importante mejorar la imagen de los demás énfasis con el fin de que obtengan un mejor posicionamiento entre los gustos e intereses de la población estudiantil de la ECA, que optan por matricular alguno de sus énfasis.
Análisis del estado actual de la propuesta evaluativa en la asignatura Administración de la Educación de la UNED desde el enfoque metodológico evaluar para aprender. Sistematización de experiencia.
Authors: Solano-Castro Adrián , Monge-Rodríguez Ingrid , Bolaños-Ortiz Olman
Published: March 2019

El texto sistematiza la experiencia investigativa en la cátedra de Estadística y Administración Educativa, de la carrera de Administración Educativa, con la asignatura Administración de la Educación de la UNED en el tema de evaluación de los aprendizajes, desde el enfoque metodológico evaluar para aprender. Se abordan los aspectos que dan origen al proceso de investigación, las bases teóricas que sustentan y respaldan el análisis vinculado al enfoque teórico-metodológico de evaluar para aprender. Además, se describen las etapas desarrolladas y los retos para lograr mejoras en la asignatura seleccionada, todo desde una óptica crítica.
Diagnóstico del estado actual de las propuestas evaluativas en una asignatura según el marco teórico-metodológico del evaluar para aprender. Sistematización de experiencia
Authors: Andrés-Jiménez Carmen , Vega-Li Sonia
Published: March 2019

Se presenta una sistematización de experiencia elaborada a partir del marco del evaluar para aprender, eje temático del Plan de Desarrollo Académico 2012-2017 de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) en la asignatura Seminario de Desarrollo de Productos II. El diagnóstico de la asignatura está basado en ocho criterios del Programa de Apoyo Curricular y Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (PACE). El diagnóstico evidenció dos grandes problemáticas: los niveles de participación de los actores en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y las características inherentes a la función formadora, a partir de las cuales se planteó la nueva propuesta evaluativa, la cual se implementó y se obtuvo una participación del personal docente y de la población estudiantil en pro de la concientización del proceso de evaluación. Se recomienda aplicar esta metodología en las demás asignaturas de la cátedra de Agroindustria para la mejora continua de su calidad.
Inquérito domiciliar sobre a prevalência do uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons
Authors: Luiz Lopes de Almeida Hudsson , Dos Santos Diniz Rodrigo , Iasmin Vieira Cunha Lima Sara , Sueli Monte Moreira Francisca , Randall Martins Rand
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do uso de inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBP) e de armazenamento domiciliar desses medicamentos, e o perfil dos usuários, entre clientes de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família da cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Método: Inquérito domiciliar, com desenho transversal e observacional. Foram entrevistados 286 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos em 112 domicílios do município de Natal, RN, entre setembro de 2016 a junho de 2017. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial (Stata for Windows, versão 11). Resultados: Distúrbios gastrointestinais (DGI) estão presentes em 11,5% dos entrevistados. Do total de usuários, a média de medicamentos por indivíduo foi de 2,7 ± 1,7. 69,9% dos entrevistados fazia uso de, pelo menos, um medicamento, sendo os anti-inflamatórios (18,6%) e os anti-hipertensivos (17,6%) os mais prevalentes. Os IBP estavam sendo usados por 10,5% dos entrevistados e encontrados em 26,8% dos domicílios, com omeprazol prevalecendo (93%). A utilização nos últimos 7 dias de IBP foi verificada em 93,3% dos usuários desses medicamentos, e a média de utilização em anos foi de 2,9±2,6. Conclusões: A prevalência de IBP e seu armazenamento domiciliar foram significativos, assim como o uso prolongado destes medicamentos.
Instrumento de evaluación para materiales didácticos digitales de apoyo al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de tipos de datos abstractos / Evaluation instrument for digital teaching materials to support the teaching-learning process of abstract data types
Authors: Jaimez-González Carlos R.
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se presenta una serie de materiales didácticos digitales que fueron desarrollados como applets en el lenguaje de programación Java para reforzar los conocimientos sobre tipos de datos abstractos (TDA), los cuales fueron tratados en cursos de estructuras de datos de licenciaturas en computación y carreras afines. Los materiales didácticos que se describen en este artículo se ajustan a escenarios de la vida real, lo cual resulta determinante como estrategia de aprendizaje, y fueron valorados por alumnos de dos licenciaturas de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), mediante un instrumento que se enfocó en aspectos de diseño estético, funcionalidad y utilidad. En tal sentido, se puede indicar que los resultados obtenidos son alentadores, ya que la mayoría de los participantes considera que los recursos son adecuados y muy adecuados. De hecho, más del 85% de los entrevistados cree que facilitan la comprensión, el aprendizaje y el reforzamiento del tema de tipos de datos abstractos.
Tekijän identiteetti taloussanomalehtien pääkirjoituksissa
Authors: Katajamäki Heli
Published: March 2019

Heli Katajamäen soveltavan kielitieteen alaan kuuluva väitöskirjatutkimus tarkastettiin lauantaina 17. marraskuuta 2018 Vaasan yliopistossa. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti, FT Pekka Pälli Aalto-yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Merja Koskela. 

Heli Katajamäki: Tekijän identiteetti taloussanomalehtien pääkirjoituksissa. Pääkirjoitustoimittajan sosiaalisesta roolista tuotettu, teksteistä tulkittu. Vaasan yliopisto. Markkinoinnin ja viestinnän akateeminen yksikkö. Acta Wasaensia 411. Vaasa: Vaasan yliopisto 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-476-833-7.
FACILITATING COLLABORATION IN ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Haythornthwaite Caroline
Published: March 2019

Collaboration entails working together toward a common goal, but what is the common goal we want students to work toward in classes? What kinds of interactions and outcomes do we value as collaboration, and how do we facilitate them? This paper addresses these questions, beginning with an examination of research on groups, community, and shared cognition that inform collaboration, and then addressing what we mean when by collaboration. Three questions define the discussion: Why do we emphasize collaboration and try to engage students in collaborative activities and collaborative learning? What outcomes do we expect from collaboration in terms of how students interact, tasks are conducted, learning accomplished, and knowledge created? How does communication differ online from offline, and how does the difference affect collaboration? Each section ends with some recommendations on how to facilitate collaboration, and the paper concludes with a brief summary and some key concepts for facilitating collaborative activity.
COLLABORATION ONLINE: SLOAN-C RESOURCES
Authors: Moore Janet C.
Published: March 2019

Over the years, insights about ALN collaboration from Sloan-C’s annual publications in the quality series, in Effective Practices, and in The Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks (JALN), have been useful for refining theoretical and practical knowledge about online education. This summary points to additional resources related to collaboration.
HOW BLENDED LEARNING CAN SUPPORT A FACULTY DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY
Authors: Vaughan Norman , Garrison Randy
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on understanding the social and teaching presence required to create a blended faculty development community of inquiry. Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s community of inquiry framework was used to analyze transcripts from the face-to-face and online sessions of a faculty learning community focused on blended learning course redesign. All three categories of social and teaching presence were detected in both forms of transcripts. The pattern of social comments changed considerably over time within the online discussion forum. The frequency of comments reflecting affective and open communication decreased while those with group cohesion increased dramatically. A similar trend was not observed within the face-to-face transcripts. In terms of teaching presence, the percentage of comments coded for design & organization and facilitating discourse decreased over time in both the face-to-face and online transcripts while comments containing an element of direct instruction increased considerably.
DISTANCE EDUCATION COMMUNICATIONS: THE SOCIAL PRESENCE AND MEDIA RICHNESS OF INSTANT MESSAGING
Authors: Kuyath Stephen J. , Winter Susan J.
Published: March 2019

Instant messaging (IM) is changing the way we communicate with each other and may prove to be a more effective communication tool for distance learning environments than the more commonly used discussion groups and email. Media richness and social presence theories are described and young adults’ perception of IM’s richness and social presence are determined. In addition, preferences for using instant messaging for communicating messages of low, medium, and high levels of equivocality were investigated. The results indicate that young adults perceive IM to fall between email and the telephone in both social presence and media richness. As message equivocality increases, preference for the use of the telephone increases while preference for the use of email decreases. Preference for the use of IM increases for messages of intermediate equivocality, but decreases for those of high equivocality. Overall, young adults prefer IM over email as a communication tool, but prefer the phone over IM. Implications for media richness theory, social presence theory, and distance learning are described.
Gender Similarity in the Use of and Attitudes About ALN in a University Setting
Authors: Ory John C. , Bullock Cheryl , Burnaska Kristine
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of an investigation of male and female student use of and attitudes about ALN after one year of implementation in a university setting. Results of the study revealed no significant gender differences.
The Effects of Internet-Based Instruction on Student Learning
Authors: Wegner Scott B. , Holloway Ken C. , Garton Edwin M.
Published: March 2019

The practice of using technology to deliver coursework in higher education has seen a veritable explosion. The use of technology has not only created new opportunities within the traditional classroom but has also served to expand learning experiences beyond the popular notion of “classroom." Indeed, “distance learning," especially utilization of the Internet, is becoming a widely used delivery alternative at universities nationwide.In many instances the change to an Internet-based delivery system has been instituted with little or no consideration of the impact on student learning. This paper presents data from a twosemester study of the effects of distance learning on student achievement as well as the impact of distance learning on student attitudes concerning their learning experiences. Students’ test scores and satisfaction survey results from an Internet-based test group were compared to a control group whose instructional opportunities were from traditional, in-class models. Researchers found no significant difference between the test scores of the two groups. Additionally, while statistically significant data could not be produced in the area of student perceptions, general observations supported that, overall, students in the experimental group had a more positive feeling about their experience than the control group.
Measuring Learning Effectiveness: A New Look at No-Significant-Difference Findings
Authors: Joy Ernest H. , Garcia Federico E.
Published: March 2019

Researchers, instructional designers and consumers of ALNs must be cautious when interpreting results of media comparison studies. Much of the literature purports to have found no significant difference in learning effectiveness between technology-based and conventional delivery media. This research, though, is largely flawed. In this paper, we first outline the philosophical positions of the opposing sides of an intense debate in the literature as to whether delivery media alone influence learning outcomes. We then select at random several representative media comparison studies to illustrate the inadequacy of their methodologies and conclusions. More important, we derive critical design considerations for those who evaluate or conduct media comparison research. ALN practitioners should not assume that students would learn better from technology delivery systems. Rather, ALN practitioners should adhere to time-tested instructional design strategies, regardless of the medium they choose. Learning effectiveness is a function of effective pedagogical practices. Accordingly, the question for ALN practitioners ought to be: "What combination of instructional strategies and delivery media will best produce the desired learning outcome for the intended audience?"
Integrating ALN into an Independent Study Distance Education Program: NVCC Case Studies
Authors: Sener John , Stover Mary Liana
Published: March 2019

This paper describes eight ALN courses developed under various Sloan Foundation-funded degree program initiatives at Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) Extended Learning Institute (ELI). These chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and information technology courses offer useful lessons about what makes ALN courses successful. The courses incorporated ALN into an independent study format to increase interaction among learning participants while maximizing learner convenience and flexibility; some courses also focused on both online and in-person collaboration. A wide variety of other course design and delivery strategies contributed to the courses' success. The results of this study indicate that ALN courses can be viable and successful for community college students and that ALN can succeed in a distance education program delivered in an independent study format to motivated learners. NVCC/ELI's experience also suggests that ALN works within a multiple media approach to course design and delivery; that faculty selection, support, and development are critical factors in assuring quality ALN courses; that a wide variety of best practices can result in successful ALN courses; and that the learning effectiveness of ALN courses will continue to improve as better tools, content, and support are developed.
Factors Influencing Faculty Satisfaction with Asynchronous Teaching and Learning in the SUNY Learning Network
Authors: Fredericksen Eric , Pickett Alexandra , Shea Peter , Pelz William , Swan Karen
Published: March 2019

The State University of New York (SUNY) Learning Network (SLN) is the online instructional program created for the 64 colleges and nearly 400,000 students of SUNY. The foundation of the program is freedom from schedule and location constraints for our faculty and students. The primary goals of the SLN are to bring SUNY's diverse and high-quality instructional programs within the reach of learners everywhere, and to be the best provider of asynchronous instruction for learners in New York State and beyond. We believe that these goals cannot be achieved unless faculty receives appropriate support.This paper will examine factors that have contributed to the high level of faculty satisfaction we have achieved in the SLN. The analysis will be done on several levels. This first section will look at the SLN at a program-wide level and will provide information regarding the systemic implementation of our asynchronous learning environment.The second section examines issues that contribute to on-line teaching satisfaction from a faculty-development and course-design perspective. This section will present the evolution of the four-stage faculty development process and a seven-step course design process that was developed by SLN and comment on lessons learned.The third section presents results from the SLN Faculty Satisfaction Survey conducted in spring 1999. This section examines factors from a quantitative analysis that significantly contributes to faculty satisfaction with online teaching and offers recommendations for course and program design based on these factors.The fourth section examines faculty satisfaction at the level of individual institutions with examples from specific courses. This section will introduce the reader to local implementation of SLN courses at two college programs in the SUNY system: the Department of Educational Theory and Practice at the University at Albany (UA), and the Internet Academy (IA) of Herkimer County Community College (HCCC). These case studies present and examine important evidence of faculty satisfaction from a single-institution and individual-faculty perspective.
A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO ONLINE TRAINING FOR ONLINE TEACHERS
Authors: Gold Sanford
Published: March 2019

This article examines the pedagogical role of the teacher in online education. Specifically, the transition from in-class room instruction to online instruction is a complex one involving specialized training in the technical aspects of delivering quality educational materials (or environments) to the students, and specialized training in how to foster knowledge acquisition within this new environment. The article focuses on the pedagogical training that an online instructor needs to become an effective teacher.The article investigates a two-week faculty development pedagogical training course aimed at preparing teachers to operate effectively within an online educational environment. In attempting to orient the teacher to the online environment, the course used a constructivist instructional methodology within an online context. Several types of collaborative exercises were employed such as virtual field trips, online evaluations, interactive essays, and group projects. The sample (N=44) represented veteran college teachers with little online teaching or studying experience. Tenured faculty (30%) and Instructors (25%) composed the majority of the class. The group had well over 13 years classroom teaching experience (53%), and over three-quarters are currently teaching in higher education institutions. Hypotheses were tested through online data collection and surveys to find out the effects of the pedagogical training on the participants. One important finding of the study concludes that teachers exposed to the course significantly changed their attitudes toward online instruction seeing it as more participatory, and interactive than face-to-face instruction. Another major finding is that after the course, teachers saw the online medium as more of an extension of their faculty work. That is, faculty were more willing to use the online medium as an extension of their duties.
THE COSTS AND COSTING OF NETWORKED LEARNING
Authors: Rumble Greville
Published: March 2019

The development of networked learning and the increasing development of online courses by both traditional and distance education institutions has raised many questions concerning the costs of online learning relative to both face-to-face teaching and other approaches to distance education. Additionally, attention has turned to the problem of costing networked learning, though as yet little progress has been made. This paper discusses both the emerging evidence on the costs of networked learning, relative to other forms of education, and its costing.
DIMENSIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR ONLINE SUCCESS: VOICES FROM EXPERIENCED EDUCATORS
Authors: Schrum Lynne , Hong Sunjoo
Published: March 2019

Online learning has become a popular method of education. Faculty members may know little about how to assist students in succeeding in a new learning environment, and students may be ill-prepared to tackle the new demands put upon them. Therefore, this research seeks to identify dimensions of successful online learners by examining primary screening documents and then mapping them to the literature base. Next, experienced online educators are asked to review the dimensions and to provide strategies that they use to ensure student success. Seven dimensions are identified and confirmed as significant, each dimension with slightly different importance— including access to tools; technology experience; learning preferences; study habits and skills; goals or purposes; lifestyle factors; and personal traits and characteristics. In addition, several online teaching strategies (including students’ posting biographies; frequent interaction; collaboration; requiring participation; question-asking forums; topical flexibility; and minimizing technology requirements) have been recommended.
EMOTION AND E-LEARNING
Authors: O’Regan Kerry
Published: March 2019

Traditionally, emotion and cognition have been viewed as polar opposites and this view has been incorporated into theories of learning. One reason for this may be a lack of clarity in defining emotion. In fact there are other perspectives on how emotion and cognition, emotion and learning, are related. These considerations emerge with renewed vigor with the move to online education. Theauthor interviewed eleven students studying online. These students identified emotions which were critical to their online learning. Evidence from the literature and from the interviews positions emotion as central and essential to the teaching/ learning process.
BEST ONLINE INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES: REPORT OF PHASE I OF AN ONGOING STUDY
Authors: Keeton Morris T.
Published: March 2019

This study examines how best practices in online instruction are the same as, or different from, best practices in face-to-face (F2F) instruction. The book Effectiveness and Efficiency in Higher Education for Adults summarizes some 20 years of research on best practices in F2F instruction. The bases of comparison are principles from the KS&G material and from Chickering and Gamson’s “seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education”. A reason for making these comparisons is that the rapid growth of online instruction promises that online instruction may become the largest source of ongoing higher education. Not surprisingly, interest in assessing the quality of online offerings has also grown. The question is increasingly raised: Are postsecondary institutions effectively “doing their old job in a new way?”. One way to answer that question is to analyze the online instructional practices of faculty with the aid of research on patterns of instruction, face-to-face and online. This paper is abbreviated from a February 14, 2002 report by Marisa Collett, Morris Keeton and Vivian Shayne of the Institute for Research and Assessment in Higher Education for the Office of Distance Education and Lifelong Learning at the University of Maryland University College.