bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene Global Cooling Did Not Weaken the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Cai Jie , Meng Xianqiang , Liu Lianwen , Li Gen K. , Li Shilei , Chen Jun , Ji Junfeng
Published: February 2025

The response of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation to Pleistocene global cooling is crucial for understanding Earth's climate and hydrological cycles. The long‐term trend of the EASM precipitation during the Pleistocene remains hotly debated with two main hypotheses: one suggesting a gradually weakening EASM driven by global cooling, whereas the other proposing a gradually intensifying EASM influenced by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau or strengthening Pacific Walker Circulation. The primary challenge in resolving this debate lies in disentangling the temperature effects from existing monsoon precipitation proxies, which complicates the interpretation of past climate records. Here, we present a new record of Pleistocene EASM precipitation change from North China, based on soil dolomite and calcite contents that are independent of temperature. Our results indicate increased interglacial EASM precipitation but near‐constant glacial EASM precipitation in the long‐term trend. This finding challenges the conventional view that global cooling weakened monsoon precipitation. We propose that Pleistocene EASM long‐term evolution is controlled by the competition between the monsoon‐weakening effects of global cooling and the monsoon‐enhancing effects of the strengthening Walker Circulation, suggesting that even a cooling climate could strengthen monsoon precipitation. Our results hold profound implications for assessing the complex relationship between hydroclimatic cycles and global temperatures during the late Cenozoic.
Shallow Subsurface Water at the Base of Europa's Double Ridges
Authors: Steinbrügge G. , Patterson G.
Published: February 2025

Recent numerical modeling and the detection of an Earth analog advanced our understanding of the formation mechanisms behind Europa's distinctive double ridges. Notably, a recent contribution by Cashion et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023je008007), demonstrated that ice wedging as a primary formation mechanism can accurately reproduce the topographic characteristics of double ridges. Building on previous theoretical foundations laid by Melosh and Turtle (2004, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004LPI….35.2029M/abstract), it hints at a complex hydrological system within the ice shell, characterized by local reservoirs and cycles of freezing that could also explain other observed geological formations, such as lenticulae and chaos terrain. This dynamic suggests the possibility of material exchange processes within the ice shell of Europa and enhances our understanding of the moon's habitability.
Apollo Impact Melts Record a Rapidly Declining Impact Rate in the Late Imbrian
Authors: Blevins A. M. , Minton D. A. , Huang Y. H. , Du J. , Tremblay M. M. , Fassett C. I.
Published: February 2025

Crater chronology functions are used to estimate absolute surface ages using the number density of observed craters. The calibration of chronology functions is done using crater counts on regions with radiometrically dated samples. Both the Neukum Production Function (NPF) and Robbins Production Function (RPF) contain lunar chronology functions anchored by Apollo and Luna samples that have measured absolute ages and are known to be from surfaces with measured crater densities. However, these functions were constructed using different data and assumptions for their respective crater counts, and their functions differ in the rate of decline during the Imbrian period (3–3.9 Ga). In particular, the RPF suggests that the decline in impact rate was much more rapid than the decline suggested by the NPF. We use a numerical impact bombardment model called CTEM to track the production and transportation of impact melts. Using CTEM, we simulated the bombardment history of the Moon under each chronology function, and calculated the age distribution of impact melts mixed in the top meter of regolith at locations corresponding to the Apollo 14–17 landing sites. These results were then compared to the age distribution of Apollo impact melts. We find the rapid decline suggested by the RPF to be a better match to the age distribution of Apollo impact melts than the gradual decline of the NPF.
Ceres’s Organics Might Not Be Homegrown After All
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: February 2025

Scientists have been unable to determine whether the dwarf planet’s organics were produced by its own chemical processes or delivered by asteroids. New evidence implicates asteroids.
Synergism between TLR4 and B. infantis in the development of the premature intestine
Authors: Huang Wuyang , Djebali Karim , Cho Ky Young , Gardner Kimberly , Fasano Alessio , Meng Di , Walker W. Allan
Published: February 2025

Background

Intestinal microbiota has a role in early life maturation including maturation of intestinal immune function. However, the interaction of the TLR4 with colonizing bacteria in intestinal development is incompletely understood.

Methods

An established human immature small intestinal cell line, human fetal intestinal organoids, and wild-type (WT) and TLR4 gene knockout (TLR4 −/−) neonatal mice were used to test the synergism between the innate immune receptor TLR4 and postbiotics from Bifidobacteria longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in development of the premature intestine.

Results

TLR4-mediated postbiotics induced immature enterocyte proliferation and filamentous actin (F-actin) maturation both at the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation of mRNA levels increased in wild-type mice but not in TLR4 −/− mice fed by postbiotics, both in the ileum and colon. Postbiotics can also change tight junction distribution in WT neonatal colon but not in TLR4 −/− mice.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a novel regulation of intestinal development by a synergistic role of the innate immune receptor TLR4 and early life colonizing bacteria, such as B. infantis. This study should provide new insights into the mechanisms of intestinal maturation as well as opportunities to target novel approaches to NEC prevention and treatment.

Impact

The innate immune system and postbiotics affect immature intestinal development.

The innate immune receptor TLR4 prevention of NEC.

Mechanism of prevention of NEC.

This is the first time this has been demonstrated in human fetal intestine.

In vitro process for future clinical studies for prevention of NEC.
Harnessing metastability for grain size control in multiprincipal element alloys during additive manufacturing
Authors: Wakai Akane , Bustillos Jenniffer , Sargent Noah , Stokes Jamesa L. , Xiong Wei , Smith Timothy M. , Moridi Atieh
Published: February 2025

Controlling microstructure in fusion-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) remains a significant challenge due to the many parameters that directly impact solidification condition. Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs), also known as high entropy alloys, offer a vast compositional space to design for microstructural engineering due to their chemical complexity and exceptional properties. Here, we use the FeMnCoCr system as a model platform for exploring alloy design in MPEAs for AM. By exploiting the decreasing stability of the face-centered cubic phase with increasing Mn content, we achieve notable grain refinement and breakdown of epitaxial columnar grain growth. We employ a multifaceted approach encompassing thermodynamic modeling, operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction, multiscale microstructural characterization, and mechanical testing to gain insight into the solidification physics and its ramifications on the resulting microstructure of FeMnCoCr MPEAs. This work aims toward tailoring desirable grain sizes and morphology through targeted manipulation of phase stability, thereby advancing microstructure control in AM applications.
Potential of extracellular vesicle cargo as molecular signals in Schizophrenia: a scoping review
Authors: Gangachannaiah Shivaprakash , Shenoy Smita , Upadhya Dinesh , Stanly Elstin Anbu Raj , Gudi Nachiket , Lakshmi Chandrashekar Pallavi , Praharaj Samir Kumar
Published: February 2025

The diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ) primarily relies on clinical history and mental status assessments by trained professionals. There has been a search for biomarkers to facilitate laboratory diagnosis. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) communicate with brain cells and can easily cross blood-brain barrier, there is increased interest among experts to explore them as potential molecular signals for disease detection. A scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature to identify the differentially expressed molecular signals in EVs isolated from SCZ patients. The methodological framework outline provided by Arksey and O’Malley was employed to conduct this scoping review. A systematic search was conducted using a search string across four databases, ultimately leading to selection of 24 relevant studies. Over 1122 differentially expressed biomolecules were identified in EVs extracted from biological fluids and tissues that can be primarily categorized as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Among them, 83 biomolecules were identified as validated differentially expressed molecular signals, which included metabolites, circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. These biomolecules were found to affect cellular receptors and intracellular pathways, neurotransmitters, mitochondrial functions, immune-related functions, and metabolic pathways, which could serve as potential biomarkers for SCZ diagnosis.
Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology
Authors: Shainer Inbal , Kappel Johannes M. , Laurell Eva , Donovan Joseph C. , Schneider Martin W. , Kuehn Enrico , Arnold-Ammer Irene , Stemmer Manuel , Larsch Johannes , Baier Herwig
Published: February 2025

Neuronal phenotypic traits such as morphology, connectivity and function are dictated, to a large extent, by a specific combination of differentially expressed genes. Clusters of neurons in transcriptomic space correspond to distinct cell types and in some cases—for example, Caenorhabditis elegans neurons1 and retinal ganglion cells2–4—have been shown to share morphology and function. The zebrafish optic tectum is composed of a spatial array of neurons that transforms visual inputs into motor outputs. Although the visuotopic map is continuous, subregions of the tectum are functionally specialized5,6. Here, to uncover the cell-type architecture of the tectum, we transcriptionally profiled its neurons, revealing more than 60 cell types that are organized in distinct anatomical layers. We measured the visual responses of thousands of tectal neurons by two-photon calcium imaging and matched them with their transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we characterized the morphologies of transcriptionally identified neurons using specific transgenic lines. Notably, we found that neurons that are transcriptionally similar can diverge in shape, connectivity and visual responses. Incorporating the spatial coordinates of neurons within the tectal volume revealed functionally and morphologically defined anatomical subclusters within individual transcriptomic clusters. Our findings demonstrate that extrinsic, position-dependent factors expand the phenotypic repertoire of genetically similar neurons.
Segment Anything for Microscopy
Authors: Archit Anwai , Freckmann Luca , Nair Sushmita , Khalid Nabeel , Hilt Paul , Rajashekar Vikas , Freitag Marei , Teuber Carolin , Buckley Genevieve , von Haaren Sebastian , Gupta Sagnik , Dengel Andreas , Ahmed Sheraz , Pape Constantin
Published: February 2025

Accurate segmentation of objects in microscopy images remains a bottleneck for many researchers despite the number of tools developed for this purpose. Here, we present Segment Anything for Microscopy (μSAM), a tool for segmentation and tracking in multidimensional microscopy data. It is based on Segment Anything, a vision foundation model for image segmentation. We extend it by fine-tuning generalist models for light and electron microscopy that clearly improve segmentation quality for a wide range of imaging conditions. We also implement interactive and automatic segmentation in a napari plugin that can speed up diverse segmentation tasks and provides a unified solution for microscopy annotation across different microscopy modalities. Our work constitutes the application of vision foundation models in microscopy, laying the groundwork for solving image analysis tasks in this domain with a small set of powerful deep learning models.
Cellpose3: one-click image restoration for improved cellular segmentation
Authors: Stringer Carsen , Pachitariu Marius
Published: February 2025

Generalist methods for cellular segmentation have good out-of-the-box performance on a variety of image types; however, existing methods struggle for images that are degraded by noise, blurring or undersampling, all of which are common in microscopy. We focused the development of Cellpose3 on addressing these cases and here we demonstrate substantial out-of-the-box gains in segmentation and image quality for noisy, blurry and undersampled images. Unlike previous approaches that train models to restore pixel values, we trained Cellpose3 to output images that are well segmented by a generalist segmentation model, while maintaining perceptual similarity to the target images. Furthermore, we trained the restoration models on a large, varied collection of datasets, thus ensuring good generalization to user images. We provide these tools as ‘one-click’ buttons inside the graphical interface of Cellpose as well as in the Cellpose API.
Structural performance evaluation of electric vehicle chassis under static and dynamic loads
Authors: Zamzam Omar , Ramzy Aly A. , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Elnady Tamer , El-Wahab Ayman A. Abd
Published: February 2025

Electric vehicle (EV) production is pivotal in achieving environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Since the weight of electric vehicles directly influences the energy consumption and driving range of the vehicle, innovative engineers face a significant challenge in designing an optimized vehicle chassis that remains robust under complex loading conditions. This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis of an EV chassis subjected to transient suspension forces due to hitting speed bumps and proposes a load factor between static and dynamic loads. A quarter vehicle model was adopted and solved using MATLAB Simulink to simulate the transient force transmitted to the chassis under different bump dimensions and vehicle speeds. The load was implemented into three different dynamic analysis studies: Front Loading, Rear Loading, and Torsional Loading. Subsequently, static and dynamic analyses were performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with SimSolid software. The results obtained from the dynamic analysis studies showed that the maximum stress was 288 MPa with a safety factor of 1.12, while the maximum stress in the static analysis was 64 MPa with a safety factor of 5.69. Additionally, a load factor of 4.44 between static and dynamic loads was revealed. Based on these findings, the chassis experiences only elastic deformation and is considered safe for practical use.
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma Gondii among cancer patients in Sohag, Upper Egypt: a case-control study
Authors: Fadel Eman Fathi , Tolba Mohammed Essa Marghany , Ahmed Amal Mostafa , EL-Hady Hanaa Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) affects around 30% of humans worldwide. Recently, it has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen to immunocompromised patients. Data available is still lacking about toxoplasmosis in cancer patients in Egypt. This study aimed to reveal the current trend of T. gondii in cancer patients in Sohag, Egypt. Sera from 50 cancer patients and 50 healthy controls were screened for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM. Further, buffy coats from both groups were used for detection of T. gondii B1 and RE genes via conventional and nested PCR, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG was high (58%). IgG and IgM were detected in 30% and 9% cancer patients, respectively. Patients with solid cancers exhibited a greater IgG seropositivity compared to those with hematologic tumors (77.27% and 46.43%, respectively) (P = 0.03). Concerning the molecular results, only 4 (9%) were positive regarding both PCR assays. In conclusion, T. gondii is highly prevalent in cancer patients in Sohag, Egypt. PCR is strongly recommended to complement serology to diagnose acute or reactivated toxoplasmosis in cancer patients. B1 PCR was found to be equivalent to RE PCR. Nevertheless, thorough large-scale research must be implemented.
Enhanced multiscale plant disease detection with the PYOLO model innovations
Authors: Wang Yirong , Wang Yuhao , Mu Jiong , Raza Mustafa Ghulam , Wu Qianqian , Wang Ying , Zhao Bi , Zhao Siyue
Published: February 2025

Timely detection of plant diseases is crucial for agricultural safety, product quality, and environmental protection. However, plant disease detection faces several challenges, including the diversity of plant disease scenarios and complex backgrounds. To address these issues, we propose a plant disease detection model named PYOLO. Firstly, the model enhances feature fusion capabilities by optimizing the PAN structure, introducing a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), and repeatedly fusing top and bottom scale features. Additionally, the model’s ability to focus on different parts of the image is improved by redesigning the EC2f structure and dynamically adjusting the convolutional kernel size to better capture features at various scales. Finally, the MHC2f mechanism is designed to enhance the model’s ability to perceive complex backgrounds and targets at different scales by utilizing its self-attention mechanism for parallel processing. Experiments demonstrate that the model’s mAP value increases by 4.1% compared to YOLOv8n, confirming its superiority in plant disease detection.
Soluble cerebral Aβ protofibrils link Aβ plaque pathology to changes in CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, neurofilament light and tau in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Andersson Emelie , Lindblom Nils , Janelidze Shorena , Salvadó Gemma , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Söderberg Linda , Möller Christer , Lannfelt Lars , Ge Junyue , Hanrieder Jörg , Blennow Kaj , Deierborg Tomas , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Zetterberg Henrik , Gouras Gunnar , Hansson Oskar
Published: February 2025

The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the concentrations of neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (t-tau) are changed in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)1, but their neurobiological correlates are not entirely understood. Here, we used 5xFAD transgenic mice to investigate the associations between these CSF biomarkers and measures of cerebral Aβ, including Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios in plaques, insoluble fibrillar deposits and soluble protofibrils. A high Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in soluble protofibrils was the strongest independent predictor of low CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios and high CSF NfL and t-tau concentrations when compared to Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios in plaques and insoluble fibrillar deposits. Furthermore, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in soluble protofibrils fully mediated the associations between the corresponding ratio in plaques and all the investigated CSF biomarkers. In App
NL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in mice, protofibrils fully mediated the association between plaques and the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Together, the results suggest that the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in CSF might better reflect brain levels of soluble Aβ protofibrils than insoluble Aβ fibrils in plaques in AD. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of NfL and t-tau in CSF might be triggered by increased brain levels of soluble Aβ protofibrils.
Chemical approaches to explore ubiquitin-like proteins
Authors: Mousa Reem , Shkolnik Dana , Alalouf Yam , Brik Ashraf
Published: February 2025

This review outlines the chemical toolbox for preparing Ubls and their modified analogs, offering researchers a valuable resource that encourages the use of these methods to explore Ubl biology and their role in health and disease.
Isothiourea – catalyzed α-selective glycosylations
Authors: Ghosh Bhaswati , Enlow Charles , Ma Zhichen , Warden Ashley N. , Axelrod Abram J.
Published: February 2025

Here, we disclose the discovery that isothioureas efficiently catalyze the formation of both α-1,2-cis and α-1,2-trans glycosyl linkages from either glycosyl bromide or chloride donors, furnishing glycosides in good to complete selectivities.
Relating norbornene composition-to-reactivity for thiol–ene photopolymerizations and 3D printing
Authors: Liu Yutong , Cater Henry L. , Recker Elizabeth A. , Page Zachariah A.
Published: February 2025

Structure–reactivity relationships were identified for a series of norbornene derivatives that facilitated rapid light-induced thiol–ene polymerizations for hydrogel 3D printing.
Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluations of new cyclotriphosphazenes as safe drug candidates
Authors: Yıldız Gül Elif , Tiryaki Büşra , Köse Buse , Öztürk Nuri , Okutan Elif , Dedeoğlu Burcu , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra
Published: February 2025

Cyclotriphosphazene compounds carrying morpholine, thiomorpholine and triazole groups were synthesized and their biological activities were investigated. These compounds were presented as a class of circadian rhythm-safe drug candidate compounds.
Investigating the thin film growth of [Ni(Hvanox)2] by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Sapre Atharva U. , Vlček Jan , de Prado Esther , Fekete Ladislav , Klementová Mariana , Vondráček Martin , Svora Petr , Cuza Emmelyne , Morgan Grace G. , Honolka Jan , Kühne Irina A.
Published: February 2025

Thin films with thicknesses ranging from 16 to 336 nm of [Ni(Hvanox)2] were prepared via organic molecule evaporation and analyzed using SEM, AFM, TEM, XPS, and XRD, revealing rough surfaces with nanocrystals, including an initial seeding layer.
Activation of photocatalytic CO2 reduction by loading hydrophobic thiolate-protected Au25 nanocluster cocatalyst
Authors: Yamazaki Yuki , Tomoyasu Yuki , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Negishi Yuichi
Published: February 2025

A Au25 nanocluster cocatalyst with hydrophobic ligands significantly improves the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction activity with suppression of the competing H2 evolution reaction.
Red-light-induced high-efficiency oxidation and functionalization of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives using chlorophyll as a photocatalyst
Authors: Zeng Rong , Yan Peng , Xu Bo , Jing Zhi-Liang , Liu He , Lai Wen-Jing , Xie Hao-Tian , Niu Sheng-Li , Yang Shi-Ming , Ouyang Qin
Published: February 2025

Green, red-light-induced THIQ oxidation and functionalization using spinach-extracted chlorophyll as a photocatalyst, yielding neuroprotective compound 4iin vitro.
Enhanced norfloxacin removal by eco-friendly MgFe2O4 modified sugarcane bagasse biochar: adsorption performances and mechanisms
Authors: He Yan , Liu Tong , Deng Yuehua
Published: February 2025

Enhanced adsorption of NOR+ on eco-friendly MgFe2O4@surgarcane bagasse biochar (1 : 2) was due to electrostatic attraction and surface complexation.
Oxygen activation on a carbon catalyst support co-doped with Si and transition metals: an electrochemical study
Authors: Schönauer Timon , Slot Thierry K. , Ioffe Karina , Shahaf Yair , Kempe Rhett , Eisenberg David
Published: February 2025

Multi-doped carbons are promising thermocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and catalyst supports. Electrochemical testing can shed light on their interactions with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Gold-catalyzed polyene cyclization and its application in the total synthesis of natural products
Authors: Zhang Ye , Bao Wen , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Zhu Dao-Yong , Wang Shao-Hua
Published: February 2025

This review mainly summarizes the synthetic methodology of gold-catalyzed polyene cyclization reaction and its application in the total synthesis of polycyclic natural products.
Recent advances in hydrofunctionalisation of cyclopropenes via carbon–heteroatom bond formation
Authors: García-Lacuna Jorge , Domínguez Gema , Martínez Ángel Manu , Pérez-Castells Javier
Published: February 2025

This review highlights recent advances in the hydrofunctionalisation of cyclopropenes through the formation of carbon–heteroatom bonds for the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclopropanes.
Removal of methyl orange and methylene blue by bimetallic zinc/cobalt metal–organic skeleton/carbon nanotubes (Zn/Co-ZIF@CNTs)
Authors: Huang Guofu , Zhang Yijie , Zhang Ranran , Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Liwen , Xin Yufeng , Liu Yanyan , Chen Junfeng
Published: February 2025

Zinc/cobalt metal–organic skeleton/carbon nanotubes (Zn/Co-ZIF@CNTs) were prepared by solvothermal method using Zn/Co-ZIF as the main raw material and CNTs as the carrier.
Cuprous thiocyanate as an inorganic hole transport material for carbon-based flexible perovskite solar cells
Authors: Noola Samyuktha , Shankar Gyanendra , De Rossi Francesca , Calabrò Emanuele , Bonomo Matteo , Barolo Claudia , Brunetti Francesca
Published: February 2025

Optimising CuSCN as a hole transport layer enhances the power conversion efficiency of flexible carbon-based PSCs, combining excellent hole transport properties and cost effectiveness.
A fluorinated carbon nanodot-tube/MXene/microfiber electronic textile with high water-interference-resistance for stable amphibious human motion monitoring
Authors: Wang Yibo , Lu Jiansong , Zhang Guangying , Song Haoyang , Cai Yang , Wang Ximan , Zhang Hongjia , Fang Feng , Liu Changsheng , Qing Yongquan
Published: February 2025

A fluorinated carbon nanodot-tube/MXene/microfiber electronic textile (FCNET), inspired by snails and frogs, features a unique “point–line–plane” structure, exhibiting superhydrophobicity and stability in underwater environments.
Deciphering the role of van der Waals heterostructures in enhancing layered perovskite anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Xiao-Hui , Chai Yun , Shen Jie , Huang Pei-Wen , Xu Si-Yu , Zhong Hou-Yang , Chen Bi-Cui , Zhao Yi , Sa Baisheng , Du Ke-Zhao
Published: February 2025

A layered perovskite with a van der Waals heterostructure enables superior lithium storage performance.
Organ-targeted drug delivery systems (OTDDS) of poly[(N-acryloylglycine)-co-(N-acryloyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester)] copolymer library and effective treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Patra Sukanya , Jyotirmayee  , Kumar Krishan , Pareek Divya , Gupta Prem Shankar , Mourya Anjali Ramsabad , Das Taniya , Wasnik Kirti , Verma Malkhey , Chawla Ruchi , Batra Tarun , Paik Pradip
Published: February 2025

The OTDDN library of amphiphilic copolymer [p(NAG-co-NAPA)(x:y)] NPs with multiple drugs is effective for treating TNBC. Further, this library has presented exciting treatment options for specific organs such as liver, heart, lungs, and kidneys.
Polariton emission properties of an organic dye-doped polymer microcavity
Authors: Xue Lulu , Chen Ziyang , Zhang Yatong , Yan Xiaoya , Zhao Liang , Jia Pengxue , Gao Bo , Shi Hongyan
Published: February 2025

The N,N′-bis(2-phenylethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene dicarboximide (EP-PDI) dye-doped polymer, with stable and strong excimer emission at a specific concentration, high PLQYs, can achieve strong exciton–photon coupling.
Chemically driven magnetic responsivity to multiple physical stimuli in a spin-crossover layered iron(ii)–rhenium(v) framework
Authors: Charytanowicz Tomasz , Heczko Michał , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Pinkowicz Dawid , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi , Chorazy Szymon , Sieklucka Barbara
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional iron(ii)–octacyanidorhenate(v) coordination polymers contain an externally modulated interlayer solvent content which governs the magnetic response of the material to physical stimuli, including temperature, pressure, and light.
Fluorescence probe for the fast and sensitive detection and imaging of ONOO−via regulation of charge distribution
Authors: Lin Yanhong , Zhang Bingling , Yu Xiaoli , Lu Chang , Zhang Guozhen , Zhou Xiaole , Wang Leyu
Published: February 2025

A rapid, sensitive and selective ONOO− probe was developed using a cyanine dye bearing a meso-quinolinium group.
Manipulating the surface structure of quantum dots based on dual response modes triggered by iron ions for the visualization of hydrogen sulfide with a wide detection range
Authors: Liu Cong , Feng Rongxiang , Li Shidi , Wu Fengyao , Qi Xiaofei , Huang Xiaohua , Bai Tianyu , Xing Shanghua
Published: February 2025

A surface manipulation strategy on highly emissive quantum dots by a recognition group with multiple responses during assay was proposed to construct H2S fluorescent turn-on probe, enabling visualization in living cells with wide detection range.
Pretzelanes, [1]rotaxanes and molecular figures-of-eight – crossing the bridge from fundamentals to functional applications
Authors: Spicer Rebecca L. , Evans Nicholas H.
Published: February 2025

A survey of pretzelanes, [1]rotaxanes and molecular figures-of-eight – examples of mechanically interlocked molecules possessing covalent linkage(s) between their interlocked components.
Fabrication of graphene oxide/silk protein core-sheath aerogel fibers for thermal management
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Ren Chencheng , Wang Zhe , Lochab Bimlesh , Liu Jian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Limin
Published: February 2025

An encapsulated graphene oxide/silk protein aerogel fiber made by coaxial spinning is reported to exhibit ultra-high mechanical properties. The aerogel fiber showed efficient performance in thermal management applications.
Progress toward a comprehensive brain protein interactome
Authors: Dang Vy , Voigt Brittney , Marcotte Edward M.
Published: February 2025

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in the brain play critical roles across all aspects of the central nervous system, from synaptic transmission, glial development, myelination, to cell-to-cell communication, and more. Understanding these interactions is crucial for deciphering neurological mechanisms and the underlying biochemical machinery affected in neurological disorders. Recently, advances in proteomics techniques have significantly enhanced our ability to study interactions among the proteins expressed in the brain. Here, we review some of the high-throughput studies characterizing brain PPIs, using affinity purification, proximity labeling, co-fractionation, and chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry methods, as well as yeast two-hybrid assays. We present the current state of the field, discuss challenges, and highlight promising future directions.
A squeeze‐and‐excitation network for SNR estimation of communication signals
Authors: Hu Deming , Zhao Yongjie , Xie WenJun , Xiao Qingxin , Li Longqing
Published: February 2025

Accurate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimation is critical in wireless communication systems as it directly impacts system performance and the assessment of signal quality. Recent advances in deep learning‐based SNR estimation have significantly improved estimation accuracy in low SNR conditions. This paper presents a novel deep learning approach that uses a power spectrum generated through overlapping segmentation as input to a neural network for SNR estimation. The performance of SNR estimation has been enhanced by integrating an augmented squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) attention mechanism with a residual block fusion module, employing multiple residual structures, and deepening the network architecture. To validate the efficacy of this method, extensive simulation experiments were conducted under various scenarios, including additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Rayleigh, and Rician channel conditions. The results demonstrate that this method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art techniques in high SNR environments and across diverse channel conditions. Furthermore, there is only minimal performance degradation under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions.
The number of pathological samples and results obtained by mycologically examined fish Saprolygniosis in Samarkand and Jizzak regions
Authors: Kurbanov Feruz , Khushnazarova Mohigul , Kokilov Bunyodbek , Djurayev Olimjon , Baliyev Shovkat , Gaznakulov Tojimurat , Sheraliyeva Intizor , Urakova Rukiya , Khushnazarov Alisher , Botirova Zamira
Published: February 2025

The epizootic condition of saproligniasis among fish was studied in Samarkand and Jizzakh regions, and the prevalence of the disease in all districts of the region was determined in the studies. The disease was identified by clinical signs in fish and pure culture isolation of the causative agent. Studies have shown that the level of infection with saproligniosis in two regions during 2022-2024, i.e., 3 years, was 138 out of 187 fish that were checked, and the average rate was 73.79%. Means used in the prevention of the disease are presented, and it was observed in experiments that no diseases were encountered during these years when they were used.
Severity of inversion effects of atmospheric precipitation in the kazakh part of altai and methods of their assessment
Authors: Egorina A.V. , Beysembayeva R.S. , Chursin A.S. , Kabdrakhmanova N.K. , Kaisarova A.S.
Published: February 2025

In the article, the spatial-temporal structure of atmospheric precipitation considered as a complex multifactorial phenomenon, where vertical and horizontal components characterize its magnitude and dynamics. Calculations of the barrier effect of mountains carried out for the Kazakh Altai using the method of determining the barrier efficiency of F.A. Maksyutov on the example of hygrophil-mesophilic landscapes of the Southern Urals. Methods of regression and correlation analysis were also used for control. The role of various factors in the formation of the precipitation distribution pattern was evaluated. The influence of the slope elevation of air masses was taken into account, since many researchers consider this indicator to be the main reason for the increase in precipitation quality at elevations. Another important indicator was the degree of afforestation of the territory around the weather stations within a radius of 30 km. Standard programs of the least squares method and matrix inversion were used for the calculation. As a result, regression equations for twelve factors were obtained. An important factor that plays a constant role in precipitation dispersion in all areas is the distance of the area to the windward ridge and its relative height. On the basis of the measured and calculated values of atmospheric precipitation, maps of the curve were compiled. On the windward side, the 500 mm curve turned out to be the boundary band of the influence of mountains on precipitation. To substantiate a number of specific patterns, such as the influence of relief on vertical movements of air masses and precipitation, the manifestation of barrier effects of mountains, the method of calculating orographic vertical movements and climatic precipitation amounts proposed by Mikhailov A.Yu. The obtained calculated characteristics of precipitation distribution and maps can used in solving a wide range of practical problems.
Analysis of humidity indices to assess the impact of rainfall regimes on rice yield in the Anuradhapura Region of Sri Lanka
Authors: Abannikov Victor N. , Ganewatte Visal P. , Pivi Galakpaye , Kalchuk Valeriya Y.
Published: February 2025

The study examines the impact of agrometeorological conditions, particularly rainfall patterns, on rice yield over the past 30 years in the Anuradhapura Province of Sri Lanka. Anuradhapura is one of the primary rice-growing regions in the country. Long-term data on rice yield †and humidity indices were analysed. The island's climate, especially seasonal monsoon rainfall, significantly influences rice production. Changes in monsoon patterns, rainfall regimes, and air temperature directly affect rice yield and food security. Favourable weather conditions for rice cultivation and yield improvement have been identified.
Characteristics of the coenopopulation Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. in conditions of different nature management modes
Authors: Perestoronina Olga , Shabalkina Svetlana
Published: February 2025

The paper considers ecological-phytocoenotic, structural-populational characteristics of Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. in phytocoenoses in conditions of different nature management modes in the Kirov region. Two coenopopulations (CP 1, CP 2) in green moss pine forests and one coenopopulation (CP 3) in a spruce-birch poly-herb forest were considered. As a result of vegetation analysis with the use of D.N. Tsyganov phytoindication scales, it was found out that in the green moss pine forests the growth of Platanthera bifolia is being restricted by lack of light and soil moistening, while in the poly-herb forest the conditions are more optimal for the species. The coenopopulations under research are numerous; two periods and seven states are distinguished in the ontogenesis. The ontogenetic specter is normal, full-member (green moss pine forests) and not full-member (due to lack of plantlets) in a spruce-birch poly-herb forest. A high share of plants in the pregenerative period (90.6%) in CP 3 suggests successive reproduction in conditions of dynamic succession processes which took place after natural damage of the community. The coenopopulations considered are steady; they are capable of self-maintaining, still. The nature management modes analysis showed relative resistance of the species to natural factors and anthropogenic ipact.
Variability of Soil Hydrophysical Parameters in Different Geomorphological Conditions of the Subboreal Zone of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Vasyukov Sergey , Iakimovich Dmitrii , Sirotkin Vyacheslav , Usmanov Bulat
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses the hydrophysical parameters of soils and their variability, as well as soil moisture availability in relation to their geomorphological conditions in the subboreal zone of the Chuvash Republic. The research was carried out at three polygons, each including several sampling points in different geomorphological conditions. The authors analysed a number of indicators, including soil volume mass, solid phase density, soil porosity, soil filtration coefficient, specific volume surface of solid phase and soil moisture potential. The aforementioned data were used to construct basic hydrophysical characteristic (BHC) curves for each site. It was then possible to draw conclusions regarding the existence of notable changes in soil moisture availability for plants and soil hydrophysical properties in response to changes in absolute altitude and geomorphological conditions, as well as in relation to soil type.
Core Bacterial Communities in the Endosphere of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa): A Comparative Study of Roots and Leaves
Authors: Galieva Gulnaz , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina , Selivanovskaya Svetlana
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to compare the endophytic microbiomes of lettuce leaves and roots grown under seven different environmental conditions, varying by substrate type (soil and hydroponics) and method of mineral nutrition. The core microbiome was defined as OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) present in all variants of leaves (roots) with a relative abundance > 0.3%. For lettuce leaves, only 4 common bacterial OTUs were identified, belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas, and the family OPS 17. The core microbiome of lettuce roots included 9 OTUs: Bacteroidetes bacterium, OTUs from the family Obscuribacterales, and genera Reyranella, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Aquabacterium, Pseudomonas, env. OPS 17, and two different genera of Sphingomonas. Notably, Sphingomonas and env.OPS 17 were common to both leaf and root microbiomes. The results underscore the importance of considering both the endosphere and exosphere, as well as different plant parts, in microbiome studies. The distinct microbiomes of leaves and roots highlight the influence of environmental conditions and plant organs on microbial composition. These insights can inform strategies for optimizing plant health and growth through microbiome management, contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L. population structure and regeneration characteristics in coniferous broadleaf forests of the Middle Volga Region (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)
Authors: Fardeeva Marina , Islamova Guzel , Tokarev Sergey , Usmanov Bulat
Published: February 2025

Pinus sylvestris L. in the Middle Volga region is found in the boreal ecotone in areas of coniferous-broadleaved forests located on the southern border of the forest zone. The assessment of abundance and age structure c 2004-2023 reflects the fluctuating dynamics of the species on the territory of the Volzhsko-Kamsky Reserve, where anthropogenic factors are minimized and the effects of climatic and abiotic factors are revealed. In general, a positive number growth is noted for 20 years. According to the results of determination of abiotic conditions of sites of regeneration niches we found out that P. sylvestris regeneration is mainly carried out in conditions of open “windows” of canopy or on the top of windfall-soil microsites, very rarely in gaps with some shading by crowns. According to the results of the assessment of the undergrowth number dynamics in 2022-2023, drying of seedlings and juvenile individuals from May to October was noted, where the percentage of surviving P. sylvestris in 2022 was 86%, in 2023 – 34%. The relationship between the number of pregenerative individuals of P. sylvestris and climatic factors from 2004 to 2022 was determined, a positive dependence on the average temperature of the period May-September (0.69) and December-April (0.62) of the current year was revealed. Negative dependence of the undergrowth number with the sum of precipitation of May-September of the current year (-0.8) and, on the contrary, positive dependence with the sum of precipitation of the previous year (0.68) was noted.
Das Immunsystem multimodal stärken
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: February 2025

Das Immunsystem kann durch die Kombination verschiedener naturheilkundlicher Therapiemaßnahmen wie Phytotherapie, Homöopathie und Osteopathie gestärkt werden. Als konkrete Arzneimitteloptionen stehen etwa verschiedene Vitamine und Spurenelemente, Meerrettich, Kapuzinerkresse und Echinacea, Maitake, Cordyceps etc. zur Verfügung. Osteopathische Techniken zielen auf Zirkulation, Harmonisierung der abdominalen Viszera und vegetativen Ausgleich ab.
Preferred Working Time Models and Equal Opportunities in Gynecology and Obstetrics: Results of the Systematic Trinational FARBEN Survey
Authors: Tauber Nikolas , Amann Niklas , Foessleitner Philipp , Klee Amanda , Becker Claudia , Kiblawi Rama , Göpfert Martin , Kiessling Nora , Taumberger Nadja , Beizermann Evelin , Krawczyk Natalia , Simowitsch Solveig , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Toth Bettina , Müller Michael , Weiss Martin , Reiser Elisabeth , Eggimann Thomas , Rody Achim , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie
Published: February 2025

The trinational survey project conducted by the Young Forums of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Societies for Gynecology and Obstetrics aims to assess the preferences of prospective and practicing gynecologists regarding various work-time models, the compatibility of family and career, as well as parental leave.

Between October 2023 and May 2024, a total of 1364 participants took part in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 62 questions covering topics such as the workplace in general, work-time models, training priorities, team compositions, and professional goals. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

Of the 1364 participants, 75.3% were employed in Germany, 12.9% in Austria, and 11.8% in Switzerland. Men were significantly more likely to aspire to a chief physician position compared to women (26.5% vs. 3.6%; p < 0.001). Only 12.5% of participants overall preferred full-time employment, although 63.0% of residents worked full-time. Additionally, 65.4% of respondents stated that their workplace did not provide childcare with flexible hours. At the same time, 76.0% valued workplace-proximate childcare as an important factor in choosing an employer.

The results highlight heterogeneous and individual needs and priorities among all (prospective) gynecologists. At a time when individuality and equality are becoming increasingly significant, it is essential to promote work environments that meet the demands and needs of all physicians. The results should therefore be critically discussed to implement potential adjustments and improvements in practice.
Microsphere-assisted laser speckle polarimetric microscopy
Authors: Abbasian Vahid , Farzam Rad Vahideh , Darafsheh Arash
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a robust approach to polarimetric microscopy by integrating microsphere-assisted microscopy, dynamic laser speckle analysis (DLSA), and polarimetric imaging. DLSA creatively transforms laser speckle-induced imaging challenges into opportunities, while simultaneously overcoming traditional polarization interpretation difficulties by analyzing sequence-based variations in speckle pattern, caused by the sample’s polarimetric responses during a full polarimetric measurement. The inclusion of a dielectric microsphere (MS) significantly increases the numerical aperture of the microscopy system, enabling the capture of high-frequency spatial information. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted on a standard holographic diffraction grating sample. Results obtained from several graphical and numerical statistical analyses demonstrate significant improvements with the incorporation of a silica MS, introducing a cost-effective and non-invasive approach with potential applications in various fields requiring high-precision polarimetric microscopy analyses.
Tunable magnetic phase transition and room temperature magnetocaloric effect in La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhaomei , Niu Haibo , Xi Shaobo
Published: February 2025

Critical behaviors and the magnetic properties have been investigated in La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 nanoparticles systematically. We found tunable critical behaviors in a ferromagnetic–paramagnetic (FM–PM) transition. Thermal fluctuation induced finite-size effects in the nanoscale thermodynamic systems result in suppression of FM–PM critical transition temperature (TC) and broadening of singularities due to finite-size thermal fluctuation in the nanoscale thermodynamic system. By fitting the critical behaviors with the particle sizes, we confirmed the finite size induced decreasing of TC in La0.67Ba0.33MnO3. Room temperature magnetocaloric effects with enhanced refrigeration efficiency have been found in the La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 nanoparticle systems. A relative cooling power of 205 J/kg is found around room temperature. The broadening of the critical transition and shift of critical temperature in the nanoparticles made them excellent magnetic refrigeration materials near room temperature.