bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia among patients visiting tertiary care hospital
Authors: Singh Samir , Jha B
Published: December 2013

Background and objectives: The lipid profile is a group of tests that are often ordered together to determine risk of various diseases and is likely to be abnormal (dyslipidemia) in persons suffering from Coronary Heart diseases, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease and Nephrotic Syndrome. This study attempts to compare a lipid profile in normal individuals and those suffering from above diseases visiting Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. Material and Methods: Three hundred blood samples were collected from Inpatient and Outpatient Department. Out of which 94 blood samples of healthy individuals were assed as controls and 206 as test. The lipid profile tests were performed. All the data were analyzed using SPSS of 13 version, and the data were evaluated. Results: Out of 206 test samples and 94 controls, 116 were dyslipidemic respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia were highest in subjects with Coronary Heart Disease (64%) followed by Diabetes (50%). Similarly the prevalence in Chronic Kidney Disease and Nephrotic Syndrome were 43.90% and 12.50% respectively. Conclusion: Data clearly shows that there is a large variation in the lipid profile among normal and different diseased individuals. In Nepal, dyslipidemia may be more common in individuals suffering from Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 21-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9264
Perception and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Nepalese adolescent
Authors: Dhungel Banodita Acharya , Shrestha N , U-Dhungel K
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: Nepal is confronted with increasing incidence of HIV among adolescents. There is need to ensure, these people have correct knowledge for HIV prevention. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the perception and knowledge of adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS and to identify the areas of misconception that might serve as an important target of educational intervention. Methodology: A self designed questionnaire regarding knowledge and perception about HIV/AIDS was distributed to the students of secondary school who attended the heath assessment program organized by Kist Medical College. Submitted questionnaires were analyzed and tabulated to find out the existing knowledge and attitude of the participants. Results: Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS was satisfactory. Seventy-nine percentage of female and 64% male agreed to care for HIV/AIDS patients. However there were still misconceptions about transmission. Sixty-two percentages thought that contraceptive pills prevent HIV transmission. Thirty two percent thought that mosquito can transmit HIV, 21 % replied that sharing of utensils, and towels etc can transmit HIV. Forty five percentage of the participants thought that someone who looks healthy cannot transmit HIV. Conclusion: Perception regarding HIV/AIDS was satisfactory. Some areas of misconception was detected which can be overcome with proper educational interventions. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 32-39 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9266
Health care financing in China prior to health reform 2009
Authors: Khatri JR , Shuiyuan Xiao
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: The health system of China in 1970 was an exemplary model to the world but it began deteriorating after the economic reform in 1980. In order to address the deteriorating health system, government of China implemented the ambitious health reform program in 2009, with the aim to provide “safe, effective, convenient and affordable” health service to all people by 2020. In this study we try gain more insight about the health financing system of China prior to health system reform 2009. Methodology: Secondary data were collected from online data sets of World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and from publicly available reports and documents of related Ministries, and other published sources. Analysis was done with descriptive approach, focused on the three dimensions of health, namely the financing system: total health expenditure, financing source and financing scheme/agents. Results: China’s total health expenditure (THE) from 1995 to 2008 remained below 5% of GDP. From 1995 to 2001, the Government share on health expenditure decreased continuously and reached the lowest level of 36.4 % in 2001. Private financing was the primary funding mechanism and sources of revenue for private financing were private insurance and out-of-pocket payments. Household spending on health has increased with an average growth rate of 11.5 % from 2000 to 2008. Health financing scheme was social insurance type with fragmented risk pooling. Conclusions: Low level of public funding and heavy reliance on out-of-pocket payment were the major problem in the past decades. Hence the daunting problem of inadequate health financing ruled the last three decade of China health system. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 46-64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9270
Pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy women of Kerala
Authors: Kumar SS , George J , Mohamed JVK , Divya Dr , Jose A , Mukkadan JK
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: The studies on relationship between different phases of menstrual cycle and pulse rate and Sp02 changes in healthy women of Kerala are inadequate. So, this preliminary study was plan to report the same. Material and Methods: The present study was performed in twenty healthy women of Kerala, age ranging from 20-40 (mean age 27+/- 61054). Spo2 and pulse rate were recorded with pulse - oximeter in different phases of menstrual cycle and analysis of data was done by spss 20.0. Results: Variations of pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle are not statistically significant at p > 0.05. Conclusion: it was observed that there was slight increase in pulse rate in ovulatory phase and slight increase in Sp02 in secretory phase, though it is not statistically significant. It may be due to small sample size. Hence this study certainly merits continuing the work with more investigations in the field. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 65-69 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9271
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Complex of Salicylaldehyde Benzoyl Hydrazone
Authors: Shrestha Sabita , Maharjan Sudha
Published: December 2013

Copper complex of type [Cu(SBH)2] was synthesized and characterized by different analytical procedure and spectral studies. The complex was insoluble in common organic solvents and it has melting point in between 254-258°C. Infrared spectrum showed the bonding through enolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The electronic spectral studies showed that the Cu(II) is in tetrahedral coordination environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9231Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 11-17Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
A Laboratory Scale Synthesis of Geopolymer from Locally Available Coal Fly Ash from Brick Industry
Authors: Bhandari Rishi Babu , Pathak Arvind , Jha Vinay Kumar
Published: December 2013

In this work, geopolymers have been synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA) using KOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. Some parameters such as alkali concentration, amount of Na2SiO3 and curing time have been varied in order to improve the quality of geopolymeric product. The geopolymerization process was carried out using 3-8 M KOH solutions, Na2SiO3 to CFA mass ratio of 0.25-2.00 and curing time variation from 6-28 days. The curing temperature was fixed at 40°C in all the cases. During the variation of KOH concentration, the maximum compressive strength of 6.62 MPa was obtained with CFA treated with 7 M KOH solution. Similarly, with the variation of the mass ratio of Na2SiO3 to CFA, the maximum compressive strength of 28.1 MPa was obtained with Na2SiO3 to CFA mass ratio of 1.75. Furthermore, the compressive strength was found to be increased with increasing curing time and 41.9 MPa was achieved with 28 days of curing time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9232Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 18-23Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
Estimation of the Daily Global Solar Radiation using RadEst 3.00 software-A Case Study at Low land Plain Region of Nepal
Authors: Poudyal Khem N. , Bhattarai Binod K. , Sapkota Balkrishna , Kjeldstad Berit
Published: December 2013

The RadEst 3.00 verson software estimates daily global solar radiation at low altitude plain area using meteorological parameters precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation of Simara (Lat.27.15°N, Lon.84.98°E, and Alt.137m). Radiation is calculated as the product of the atmospheric transmissivity of radiation times radiation outside the earth atmosphere. The model parameters are fitted in two years data by iterative procedures. An accurate knowledge of solar radiation distribution in each particular geographysical location is crucial for the promotion of solar energy technology. The values estimated by the models are compared with measured radiation data. The performance of the model was evaluated using the statistical tools such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) and coefficient of determination (r2). The empirical solar radiation models that showed better results using BC, CD, and DB and among them Modular DCBB is the best model for this location The finding coefficients of different models can be utilized for the estimation of solar radiation at the similar meteorological sites of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9237Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 48-57Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
Steroid; β- Sitosterol from Corydalis govaniana (Wall) growing Himalayan region of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha R.L. Swagat , Jha R. N.
Published: December 2013

The Himalayan plant Corydalis govaniana (Wall) commonly known as Bhutkesi in Hindi on detail chemical investigation led to the isolation of β-sitosterol and its structure was determined by detail spectroscopic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9253Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page:  62-66 Uploaded date: 12/5/2013
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Orchids Growing in Nepal
Authors: Marasini Ramesh , Joshi Susan
Published: December 2013

Antibacterial activities of different extracts of epiphytic orchids were tested against 5 species of bacteria and antifungal activities were tested against 3 species of fungi. All orchid extracts showed good bacterial Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus. The crude extracts of Pholidota imbricata and Coelogyne cristata were shown highest activity against Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The MIC and MBC value of the extracts of Pholidota imbricata and Coelogyne cristata were found to be 62.5 mg/ml, 31.25 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml against Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Only Pholidota imbricata and Pholidota articulata extracts were shown fairly good activity but all others extracts were shown very less activity or even failed to show any activity against fungal organisms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9259Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page: 104-109 Uploaded date: 12/5/2013
Functionalization of orange waste with phosphoric group for Anion separation
Authors: Ghimire Kedar Nath
Published: December 2013

A novel adsorbent, Phosphorylated Orange Juice Residue, POJR, has been investigated. The extent of phosphorylation was measured with the aid of fluorescence X-ray crystallography, which indicates that the degree of phosphorylation is 1.2. The POJR has very high binding affinity for ferric ion. Also bound ferric ions selectively adsorb anions like arsenite, arsenate, selenite, selenate, antimonate and phosphate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9275Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page: 110-112 Uploaded date: 12/6/2013
Role of Compatibilizer on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Low Cost Polypropylene/Wood Flour Composites
Authors: Bhandari Netra L. , Thomas Sabu , Das Chapal K. , Adhikari Rameshwar
Published: December 2013

Wood flour (WF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were studied with special attention to morphology and mechanical properties of the composites and the effectiveness of chemically modified fillers to improve their mechanical properties. The composites of polypropylene with neat wood flour and treated wood flour of Sorea robusta in different proportions were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) was used as compatibilizer. The samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile testing, and water absorption testing. The results show that the alkali treated WF is more compatible with PP matrix than the neat one and the effects are reflected in the morphological and mechanical properties of the composites. The compatibilizer has been found to play key role to enhance the filler-matrix interfacial interactions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9276Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page: 113-120 Uploaded date: 12/6/2013
Assessment of Periodontal Health in Nepalese Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Dhami Bhageshwar , Shreshta Priti , Shrestha Rabindra M , Dhakal Jyoti
Published: December 2013

Objective: To assess periodontal status of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to compare periodontal health of patients with and without orthodontic treatment. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done on 100 patients (50 orthodontic and 50 non-orthodontic). CPITN (Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need) was used to assess the periodontal health of indexed teeth. SPSS version 17 and Chi Square test were used to analyze and compare the data. Result: There was a statistically significant association in CPITN score between orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have increased plaque accumulation and probing depth that may be associated with periodontal destruction. Patient motivation to maintain oral hygiene and regular scaling will minimize hazardous effects in orthodontic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9278 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 26-30
Changes in Canine Angulation after Dentoalvelaor Distraction with a Rigid Maxillary Intraoral Distractor: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Acharya Swati , Patnaik Satyabrata , Sahu Sanjeeb , Prabhakar Ramachandra
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Prolonged treatment duration is a major problem of orthodontic patients. Canine retraction through dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis was introduced to reduce the overall orthodontic treatment period. Objective: To evaluate the canine angulation by means of dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis to achieve rapid canine retraction. Materials & Method: The study sample consisted of 20 maxillary canines in 10 adult patients (mean age 19.53 years). First bicuspids were extracted, a rigid custom made intraoral distractor was placed, distraction osteogenesis surgical procedure was performed. Result: Complete retraction of canines was achieved in a mean duration of 9.23 days with minimal anchorage loss. The mean change in canine angulation was 10.13° ± 3.44°. Bodily movements of the canines were noticed with minimal tipping of mean 7.11° (6°-8° range). No radiographic and clinical complications were encountered. Conclusion: There was a significant change in canine angulation after distraction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9283 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 53-57
Impact of skull base development on endonasal endoscopic surgical corridors
Authors: Banu Matei A. , Guerrero-Maldonado Amancio , McCrea Heather J. , Garcia-Navarro Victor , Souweidane Mark M. , Anand Vijay K. , Heier Linda , Schwartz Theodore H. , Greenfield Jeffrey P.
Published: December 2013

Object

Scarce morphometric data exist on the developing skull base as a corridor for endonasal endoscopic approaches (EEAs). Furthermore, the impact of skull base lesions on its development has not been assessed. The authors describe a novel set of anatomical parameters characterizing the developmental process as well as the utility of these parameters in preoperative planning and a feasibility assessment of EEAs for neurosurgical treatment of skull base lesions in children.

Methods

Based on specific MRI sequences in 107 pediatric patients (2–16 years of age) without skull base lesions (referred to here as the normal population), 3 sets of anatomical parameters were analyzed according to age group and sex: drilling distance, restriction sites, and working distance parameters. A separate set of patients undergoing EEAs was analyzed in similar fashion to address the impact of skull base lesions on the developmental process.

Results

The volume of the sphenoid sinus significantly increases with age, reaching 6866.4 mm3 in the 14–16 years age group, and directly correlates with the pneumatization type (r = 0.533, p = 0.0001). The pneumatization process progresses slowly in a temporal-posterior direction, as demonstrated by the growth trend of the sellar width (r = 0.428, p = 0.0001). Nasal restriction sites do not change significantly with age, with little impact on EEAs. The intercarotid distance is significantly different only in the extreme age groups (3.9 mm, p = 0.038), and has an important impact on the transsphenoidal angle and the intracranial dissection limits (r = 0.443, p < 0.0001). The 14.9° transsphenoidal angle at 2–4 years has a 37.6% significant increase in the 11–13 years age group (p = 0.001) and is highly dependent on pneumatization type. Age-dependent differences between working parameters are mostly noted for the extreme age groups, such as the 8.6-mm increase in nare-vomer distance (p = 0.025). The nare-sellar distance is the only parameter with significant differences based on sex. Skull base lesions induce a high degree of variance in skull base measurements, delaying development and decreasing parameter values. Skull base parameters are interdependent. Nare-sellar distance can be used to assess global skull base development because it highly correlates with the intercarotid distance in both the normal population and in patients harboring skull base lesions.

Conclusions

Skull base development is a slow, gradual, age-dependent, sex-independent process significantly altering endonasal endoscopic corridors. Preoperative MRI measurements of the pediatric skull base are thus a useful adjunct in choosing the appropriate corridor and in assessing working angles and limits during dissection or reparative surgery. Skull base lesions can significantly impact normal skull base development and age-dependent growth patterns.
Effectiveness of the Bactiseal Universal Shunt for reducing shunt infection in a sub-Saharan African context: a retrospective cohort study in 160 Ugandan children
Authors: Lane Jordan D. , Mugamba John , Ssenyonga Peter , Warf Benjamin C.
Published: December 2013

Object

Antibiotic-impregnated shunts have yet to find widespread use in the developing world, largely due to cost. Given potential differences in the microbial spectrum, their effectiveness in preventing shunt infection for populations in low-income countries may differ and has not been demonstrated. This study is the first to compare the efficacy of a Bactiseal shunt system with a non–antibiotic-impregnated system in a developing country.

Methods

The Bactiseal Universal Shunt (BUS) was placed in 80 consecutive Ugandan children who required a shunt. In this retrospective cohort study, the outcome for that group was compared with the outcome for the immediately preceding 80 consecutive children in whom a Chhabra shunt had been placed. The primary end points were shunt failure, shunt infection, and death. Shunt survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Significance of differences between groups was tested using the log-rank test, chi-square analysis, Fisher's exact test, and t-test.

Results

There was no difference between groups in regard to age, sex, or etiology of hydrocephalus. Mean follow-up for cases of nonfailure was 7.6 months (median 7.8 months, interquartile range 6.5–9.5 months). There was no significant difference between groups for any end point. The BUS group had fewer infections (4 vs 11), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.086, log-rank test). Gram-positive cocci were the most common culturable pathogens in the Chhabra group, while the only positive culture in the BUS group was a gram-negative rod.

Conclusions

These results provide equipoise for a randomized controlled trial in the same population and this has been initiated. It is possible that the observed trends may become significant in a larger study. The more complex task will involve determining not only the efficacy, but also the cost-effectiveness of using antibiotic-impregnated shunt components in limited-resource settings.
Genetic Diversity and Seed Quality of the “Badda” Common Bean from Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Lioi Lucia , Piergiovanni Angela
Published: December 2013

The genetic structure of the “Badda” common bean cultivated at Polizzi Generosa, a village of Sicily (Palermo, Italy), was investigated using biochemical and molecular markers. Seed storage protein analysis by using SDS-PAGE, confirmed the attribution to the Andean gene pool. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) (or microsatellite) molecular markers provided useful information on genetic variation and relationships between “Badda bianco” and “Badda nero” morphotypes. Based on SSR data, the nine accessions examined were grouped in three sub-clusters. The first sub-cluster included all the accessions belonging to the “Badda bianco”. Conversely, “Badda nero” was constituted by two well-distinguished sub-clusters, one of them forming a well-separated branch. This result suggests that two constitutive nuclei contributed to the genetic background of “Badda nero”. Moreover, technological and nutritional data evidenced a good seed protein content (mean value 240.7 g kg−1) and differences in seed hydration rate among accessions. Knowledge of genetic structure appear to be fundamental in planning safeguard strategies of an appreciate landrace such as the “Badda” bean.
Radioactivity of Drinking-Water in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants in China Based on a Large-Scale Monitoring Study
Authors: Miao Xiao-Xiang , Ji Yan-Qin , Shao Xian-Zhang , Wang Huan , Sun Quan-Fu , Su Xu
Published: December 2013

The public concern for radioactivity of drinking-water has been increasing in recent years after the rapid development of nuclear power plants, and especially after the Fukushima nuclear accident. In this study, the radioactivity of water samples collected in the vicinity of nuclear facilities from seven provinces in China was measured and an average annual equivalent effective dose derived from drinking-water ingestion was calculated. The results showed that, in winter and spring, the activities of gross α and β ranged from 0.009 Bq/L to 0.200 Bq/L and from 0.067 Bq/L to 0.320 Bq/L, respectively. While, in summer and autumn, the activities of gross a and β varied from 0.002 Bq/L to 0.175 Bq/L and from 0.060 Bq/L to 0.334 Bq/L. Our results indicated that the gross a and β activities in these measured water samples were below the WHO recommended values (0.5 Bq/L for gross α and 1.0 Bq/L for gross β) and the annual equivalent effective dose derived from drinking-water ingestion was at a safe level.
Uncovering Dominant Land-Cover Patterns of Quebec: Representative Landscapes, Spatial Clusters, and Fences
Authors: Partington Kevin , Cardille Jeffrey
Published: December 2013

Mapping large areas for planning and conservation is a challenge undergoing rapid transformation. For centuries, the creation of broad-extent maps was the near-exclusive domain of expert specialist cartographers, who painstakingly delineated regions of relative homogeneity with respect to a given set of criteria. In the satellite era, it has become possible to rapidly create and update categorizations of Earth’s surface with improved speed and flexibility. Land cover datasets and landscape metrics offer a vast set of information for viewing and quantifying land cover across large areas. Comprehending the patterns revealed by hundreds of possibly relevant landscape metric values, however, remains a daunting task. We studied the information content of a large set of landscape pattern metrics across Quebec, Canada, asking whether they were capable of making consistent, spatially cohesive distinctions among patterns in landscapes. We evaluated the possibility of metrics to identify representative landscapes for efficient sampling or conservation, and determined areas where differences in nearby landscape patterns were the most and least pronounced. This approach can serve as a template for a landscape perspective on the challenges that will be faced in the near future by planners and conservationists working across large areas.
Development of Conductive Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode: A microscopic, Spectroscopic, and Voltammetric Study
Authors: Bennet Kevin , Lee Kendall , Kruchowski James , Chang Su-Youne , Marsh Michael , Van Orsow Alexander , Paez Aurelio , Manciu Felicia
Published: December 2013

Building on diamond characteristics such as hardness, chemical inertness and low electron emission threshold voltage, the current microscopic, spectroscopic and voltammetric investigations are directed towards improving the properties of electrode coating materials for their future use in clinical studies of deep brain stimulation via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). In this study we combine the capabilities of confocal Raman mapping in providing detailed and accurate analysis of local distributions of material constituents in a series of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition, with information from the more conventional techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared absorption spectroscopy. Although SEM images show a uniform distribution of film crystallites, they have the limitation of being unable to differentiate the distribution of boron in the diamond. Values of 1018–1021 atoms/cm3 of boron content have been estimated from the absorption coefficient of the 1290 cm−1 infrared absorption band and from the 500 cm−1 Raman vibration. The observed accumulation of boron atoms and carbon sp2 impurities at the grain boundaries suggests that very high doping levels do not necessarily contribute to improvement of the material’s conductivity, corroborating with voltammetric data. FSCV results also indicate an enhanced stability of analyte detection.
Global LC/MS Metabolomics Profiling of Calcium Stressed and Immunosuppressant Drug Treated Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jenkins Stefan , Fischer Steven , Chen Lily , Sana Theodore
Published: December 2013

Previous studies have shown that calcium stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae, challenged with immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and Cyclosporin A, responds with comprehensive gene expression changes and attenuation of the generalized calcium stress response. Here, we describe a global metabolomics workflow for investigating the utility of tracking corresponding phenotypic changes. This was achieved by efficiently analyzing relative abundance differences between intracellular metabolite pools from wild-type and calcium stressed cultures, with and without prior immunosuppressant drugs exposure. We used pathway database content from WikiPathways and YeastCyc to facilitate the projection of our metabolomics profiling results onto biological pathways. A key challenge was to increase the coverage of the detected metabolites. This was achieved by applying both reverse phase (RP) and aqueous normal phase (ANP) chromatographic separations, as well as electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources for detection in both ion polarities. Unsupervised principle component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA results revealed differentiation between wild-type controls, calcium stressed and immunosuppressant/calcium challenged cells. Untargeted data mining resulted in 247 differentially expressed, annotated metabolites, across at least one pair of conditions. A separate, targeted data mining strategy identified 187 differential, annotated metabolites. All annotated metabolites were subsequently mapped onto curated pathways from YeastCyc and WikiPathways for interactive pathway analysis and visualization. Dozens of pathways showed differential responses to stress conditions based on one or more matches to the list of annotated metabolites or to metabolites that had been identified further by MS/MS. The purine salvage, pantothenate and sulfur amino acid pathways were flagged as being enriched, which is consistent with previously published literature for transcriptomics analysis. Thus, broad discovery-based data mining combined with targeted pathway projections can be an important asset for rapidly distilling, testing and evaluating a large amount of information for further investigation.
A Downscaling Method for Improving the Spatial Resolution of AMSR-E Derived Soil Moisture Product Based on MSG-SEVIRI Data
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Ainong
Published: December 2013

Soil moisture is a vital parameter in various land surface processes, and microwave remote sensing is widely used to estimate regional soil moisture. However, the application of the retrieved soil moisture data is restricted by its coarse spatial resolution. To overcome this weakness, many methods were proposed to downscale microwave soil moisture data. The traditional method is the microwave-optical/IR synergistic approach, in which land surface temperature (LST), vegetation index and surface albedo are key parameters. However, due to the uncertainty in absolute LST estimation, this approach is partly dependent on the accuracy of LST estimation. To eliminate the impacts of LST estimation, an improved downscaling method is proposed in this study to downscale Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) soil moisture product with visible and thermal data of Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)—Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Two temperature temporal variation parameters related to soil moisture, including mid-morning rising rate and daily maximum temperature time, are introduced in the proposed method to replace LST. The proposed method and the traditional method are both applied to the Iberian Peninsula area for July and August 2007. Comparison of the two results shows that the coefficient of determination (R-squared) has an average improvement of 0.08 and the root mean square error has a systematic decrease. The downscaled soil moisture by the proposed method was validated by REMEDHUS soil moisture network in the study area, and site specific validation gets poor correlation between the two datasets because of the low spatial representativeness of site measurement for one MSG-SEVIRI pixel. Although the comparisons at 15 km and network scale show an improvement over the site specific comparison, it is found that the downscaling method systematically degrades the accuracy in soil moisture data, with a R-squared of 0–0.4 and 0.218 for the downscaled data set against 0.7–0.8 and 0.571 for AMSR-E data at 15 km scale and the network scale respectively.
InN Based Water Condensation Sensors on Glass and Flexible Plastic Substrates
Authors: Dumitru Viorel , Costea Stefan , Brezeanu Mihai , Stan George , Besleaga Cristina , Galca Aurelian , Ionescu Gabriela , Ionescu Octavian
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we report the realization and characterization of a condensation sensor based on indium nitride (InN) layers deposited by magnetron sputtering on glass and flexible plastic substrates, having fast response and using potentially low cost fabrication technology. The InN devices work as open gate thin film sensitive transistors. Condensed water droplets, formed on the open gate region of the sensors, deplete the electron accumulation layer on the surface of InN film, thus decreasing the current of the sensor. The current increases back to its initial value when water droplets evaporate from the exposed InN film surface. The response time is as low as 2 s.
L'élaboration des normes comptables ou l'art de persuader : La rhétorique du normalisateur à travers la littérature
Authors: Chantiri-Chaudemanche Rouba
Published: December 2013

L’objet de cet article est de proposer une synthèse des travaux ayant fait le lien entre rhétorique, persuasion et normalisation comptable. Dans un premier temps, la dimension rhétorique de l’élaboration des normes comptables est mise en évidence. Dans un deuxième temps, sont recensés les ressorts et les procédés utilisés par le normalisateur pour persuader et susciter l’adhésion. Distinction est faite entre les ressorts visant à faire accepter une norme en particulier et ceux visant à promouvoir une image positive du normalisateur. Enfin, sont examinés les cadres théoriques offrant un éclairage sur le mode opératoire ou l’émergence de ces ressorts.
La fabrique du contrôle : une ethnométhodologie du choix des outils de gestion
Authors: Joannidès Vassili , Jaumier Stéphane , Le Loarne-Lemaire Séverine
Published: December 2013

Cet article vise à contribuer à la littérature sur la mise en place des systèmes de contrôle de gestion. À cette fin, nous questionnons ce qui est discuté lors du choix d’un système de contrôle et sur quoi repose in fine la décision. Cet article est fondé sur une approche ethnométhodologique de l’Armée du Salut en France permise par notre double qualité de chercheurs mais également de conseiller auprès de la direction de l’organisation entre 2000 et 2007. Un accès illimité à des données internes nous permet ainsi de mettre en lumière les aspects méconnus et invisibles du contrôle de gestion : les discussions et interactions entourant le choix d’outils. Nous contribuons à la compréhension de l’émergence du besoin de contrôle, des étapes et du processus de choix d’outils et enfin du contrôle de gestion dans une organisation à but non lucratif.
Contrôle du périmètre et périmètre de contrôle – Réflexion sur le système d'information comptable des groupes
Authors: Meyssonnier François , Pourtier Frédéric
Published: December 2013

Un certain nombre de groupes étendent le bras de leur contrôle sur des entités partenaires par-delà leur périmètre de consolidation en utilisant les systèmes d’information et les dispositifs de reporting . Pour avoir une image fidèle de la réalité économique de ces groupes, il est alors nécessaire de disposer d’informations comptables relatives à leur territoire d’influence. L’article montre, à partir d’exemples réels et d’un cas stylisé, que parmi plusieurs solutions alternatives, une proposition semble plus particulièrement pertinente. Il s’agit donc d’une réflexion prospective et argumentée proposant un complément aux méthodes traditionnelles de consolidation comptable des groupes et notamment à l’IFRS 10.
L'engagement féministe des hommes, entre contestation et reproduction du genre
Authors: Jacquemart Alban
Published: December 2013

À partir d’une enquête auprès d’hommes engagés dans des collectifs féministes, cet article propose une analyse des réponses collectives et individuelles face à la reproduction, même partielle, des rapports sociaux de sexe au sein des groupes féministes. Il montre ainsi que l’engagement des hommes implique des ajustements organisationnels visant à réduire l’expression de la domination masculine. Du côté des militants, la prise en compte de leur exercice individuel de la domination masculine est potentiellement déstabilisatrice de l’engagement : l’euphémisation de leur participation à la reproduction des rapports sociaux de sexe permet alors d’assurer le maintien de l’engagement tandis que la volonté affichée de s’y confronter fragilise le militantisme et conduit, bien souvent, au désengagement.
Le Planning familial et la professionnalisation du conseil conjugal et familial : reproduire la norme de genre au nom de la subversion ?
Authors: Flahault Érika
Published: December 2013

À partir d’entretiens auprès d’actrices et d’analyse documentaire, cet article interroge le rôle du Planning familial dans la difficile professionnalisation de l’activité de conseil conjugal et familial. Cette activité, qui existe depuis les années 1930, s’est particulièrement développée et institutionnalisée depuis les années 1960 dans le Planning familial, qui, paradoxalement, s’est longtemps opposé à sa professionnalisation. Il s’agit donc de comprendre dans quel contexte et par quel processus cette association féministe, par ailleurs reconnue par les pouvoirs publics, en est venue à participer à la reproduction du genre en s’opposant à la reconnaissance professionnelle d’une activité exercée par des femmes pour des femmes, alors même qu’elle semble être parvenue à une subversion du genre en son sein sur cette même question.
L' agency en contexte : réflexions sur les processus d'émancipation des femmes dans la décennie 1970 en France
Authors: Achin Catherine , Naudier Delphine
Published: December 2013

L’article analyse des pratiques d’ agency selon les scènes de vie et l’état du rapport de force entre les sexes, à partir de récits de vie de femmes françaises ‘ordinaires’ émancipées au cours de la seconde moitié du xx e  siècle. Il met au jour les liens entre le contexte politique et social des années 1970 et les multiples médiations contingentes par lesquelles s’opère le glissement des conduites d’accommodement à la domination masculine vers sa remise en question discursive et pratique.
Épreuves de légitimité et de force au sein des rapports sociaux de sexe en milieu militant
Authors: Pereira Irène
Published: December 2013

À partir d’une étude de cas dans une organisation politique libertaire, cet article se propose de montrer l’intérêt d’analyser les rapports sociaux de sexe à partir d’une sociologie pragmatique des actions. Celle-ci permet d’avancer l’hypothèse d’une continuité entre ‘les épreuves de légitimité’ et ‘les épreuves de force’. Il devient alors possible d’analyser ces deux aspects lors de confrontations dans des situations militantes qui entremêlent relations sociales et rapports sociaux de sexe. L’auteure s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux stratégies des actrices et à leurs ressources et veut proposer une analyse matérialiste des épreuves de force en mobilisant les théories du réalisme politique selon lesquelles la guerre constitue le paradigme d’analyse du social.
Mobilisations par délibération et crise polarisante
Authors: Baczko Adam , Dorronsoro Gilles , Quesnay Arthur
Published: December 2013

Pour expliquer l’émergence de mobilisations pacifiques en Syrie à partir de mars 2011, les auteurs montrent dans un premier temps l’inadaptation des approches en termes de choix rationnel ou de théorie des mobilisations des ressources. Ils développent un modèle de mobilisations par délibération qui met au centre des mobilisations individuelles la participation à des groupes restreints dans lesquels se transforment leurs valeurs, leurs calculs et leur sociabilité. Par ailleurs, pour expliquer la résilience du régime et le passage à la guerre civile, les auteurs avancent le concept de crise polarisante, caractérisée par une faible autonomie des secteurs, un élargissement des activités tactiques des acteurs et une utilisation stratégique de la violence par l’État.
Repenser la production sociale de la révolte
Authors: Johsua Florence
Published: December 2013

Les conséquences politiques de la déstructuration du monde du travail et de la précarisation croissante des conditions d’entrée dans la vie active ont surtout été étudiées sous l’angle de la démobilisation politique. Une recherche sur les métamorphoses de l’engagement anticapitaliste en France de 1966 à 2009, à partir du cas de la Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR), invite toutefois à envisager un effet de ces évolutions macrosociales sous la forme d’une politisation d’une fraction particulière de la population, à l’origine d’un phénomène de mobilisation politique. À partir de l’étude des transformations du recrutement à la LCR depuis l’année 2002, l’article propose de revisiter la question des logiques sociales de l’engagement, en questionnant la pertinence des cadres d’analyse sociologique et des méthodes disponibles pour les appréhender.
Un laboratoire urbain
Authors: Chelle Élisa
Published: December 2013

Cet article se propose d’analyser, sur la base d’une enquête empirique, la prééminence d’un territoire dans la circulation d’un schéma de lutte contre la pauvreté : le transfert monétaire conditionnel. Se défaisant du présupposé économique rationnel selon lequel tous les modèles et producteurs de politiques publiques seraient en libre concurrence, le cas du dispositif d’ Opportunity NYC met en avant une asymétrie des flux circulatoires. L’équipe du maire Michael Bloomberg déploie une série de stratégies locales, inter-étatiques et internationales pour faire de cette expérimentation un modèle de politique publique. Malgré des résultats mitigés, l’initiative est publicisée et diffusée à travers les États-Unis, mais aussi en Grande-Bretagne et en France. C’est par les caractéristiques sociospatiales (politiques, sociologiques, économiques) que cet article explique le leadership de ce laboratoire urbain. Au final, il est démontré que la construction d’un modèle ne tient pas tant à l’excellence d’un contenu d’action publique qu’au déploiement de stratégies d’essaimage propres à un territoire.
La fabrique du consensus politique
Authors: Ansaloni Matthieu
Published: December 2013

À partir de l’exemple du débat sur les rapports entre la Politique agricole commune B(PAC) et l’environnement, cet article analyse la définition d’un problème public dans la durée. Il retrace comment en une vingtaine d’années la vision des rapports entre la PAC et l’environnement portée par des environnementalistes s’est imposée comme légitime à l’échelle européenne, de sorte à faire l’objet d’un consensus large et tacite. Trois éléments complémentaires sont à l’origine de la construction d’un tel consensus politique : le recours à la « science » permet de projeter une vision du monde dépolitisée, dotée d’une dimension universelle, annonçant un avenir inéluctable ; la logique molle de cette vision permet des réappropriations variées, susceptible d’intégrer des intérêts divers ; la consécration juridique de cette vision favorise un phénomène d’imposition symbolique.
Entre le maître et l'élève. Étude sur Le maître ignorant de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Verdeau Patricia
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Le livre de Jacques Rancière, Le maître ignorant , présente un rapport bien spécifique entre le maître et l’élève qui pourrait se résumer à ceci : le maître ignore, l’élève apprend. Mais cette apposition fait apparaître une relation particulière, celle d’un « lien intellectuel égalitaire ». L’auteure est ainsi amenée à interroger la manière dont cette relation se caractérise, avant d’envisager dans un deuxième temps comment un détour par les termes de la relation permet de l’éclairer. Enfin, elle tentera d’interroger comment Rancière s’éloigne à la fois des théories pédagogiques et des théories du sujet pour tisser des liens entre relation et subjectivation. En revoyant la notion de volonté, Rancière repense en fait le sujet. « Vouloir, c’est simplement se déclarer capable, c’est toujours reconnaître la même capacité que n’importe qui ». La relation entre le maître et l’élève est ainsi le lieu d’une nouvelle intersubjectivité, que peut d’ailleurs éclairer l’anti-socratisme de Jacotot.
Du « Maître ignorant » au « spectateur émancipé ». Les deux visages de l'émancipation
Authors: Peroni Michel
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Dans un premier temps, l’auteur reprend la critique menée par J. Rancière à l’encontre de la sociologie bourdieusienne sur deux points principaux : la méconnaissance des rapports sociaux de production, la méthode de l’intervention sociologique dans le plan social, à partir de quoi Bourdieu condamnait la pédagogie à l’impuissance et manquait la question de la « compréhension » en faisant du sociologue un grand « maître explicateur ». Reprenant ensuite les thèses du Spectateur émancipé , il montre les limites d’une logique de l’émancipation qui penserait pouvoir défaire l’ordre hiérarchisé des places, et la dimension plus radicalement émancipatrice du « spectateur » (chacun de nous) à même de composer de nouveaux croisements, varier les points de départ, égaliser les positions. Michel Peroni peut alors exposer comment la conception rancérienne de l’émancipation peut rejoindre son propre projet de « sociologie radicale ».
Statut des principes et normes de la critique dans la pensée de J. Rancière – le cas du Maître ignorant
Authors: Pieron Julien
Published: December 2013

Résumé : À travers une réflexion sur le principe d’égalité des intelligences tel qu’il est formulé et problématisé dans Le maître ignorant , l’auteur teste une hypothèse plus vaste concernant le statut des principes dans la pensée de Jacques Rancière : celle de l’effectivité essentiellement pragmatique des principes et normes de la critique, toujours dégagés de manière immanente comme conditions et effets d’actes de langage singuliers. Partant du constat que la vie sociale se donne comme mixte d’un principe d’égalité et d’un principe d’inégalité, il s’attache ensuite, après avoir retracé les grandes lignes de l’« épistémologie » de Jacotot / Rancière et du « cogito » qui la sous-tend, à montrer comment le second principe n’est pensé que comme absence du premier, et à dégager les fondements d’une éthique rationaliste visant à saisir dans chaque situation le « côté de l’égalité ».
La maîtrise impossible. Pour un bon usage du Maître ignorant
Authors: Cavazzini Andrea
Published: December 2013

Résumé : Le maître ignorant se développe, selon l’auteure, comme un récit auto-suffisant, entretenant avec les archives qui le fondent un rapport complexe : dés-historicisé, subjectif, transparent, propre à entretenir le mythe dont il est porteur. Pour Andrea Cavazzini, le projet d’une éducation fondée sur les principes d’égalité, de symétrie et d’effacement du maître comme du savoir, est une position « intenable », comme celles du psychanalyste et du dirigeant politique (Freud, Lacan). L’idée d’une éducation (formation) à l’émancipation renvoie ainsi à une radicale impossibilité que l’on retrouve dans l’histoire révolutionnaire du XX e  siècle : la révolution bolchévique et la révolution culturelle chinoise dont les expériences exacerbent et sanctionnent l’échec d’un parti-éducateur et l’idée d’auto-émancipation des masses dans le mouvement de leur auto-éducation. L’hypothèse de Rancière ne peut alors être reprise que par une réflexion nouvelle sur la nature de l’« organisation » des médiations requises pour un tel projet.
Ovide Decroly : le cinéma au service de la psychologie de l'enfant ?
Authors: Wagnon Sylvain
Published: December 2013

Résumé : La relation de Decroly avec le cinéma est un aspect peu connu de son œuvre. Il y occupe cependant une place importante comme instrument de recherche psychologique et pédagogique et comme moyen de diffusion de ses travaux. Dès 1906, il l’utilise pour observer le comportement des enfants de l’Institut, démarche qui avait été initiée dans la décennie précédente par la Société de neurologie. Avec le soutien du réalisateur Antoine Castille, il mène ensuite de façon méthodique des observations sur le nouveau-né et les apprentissages enfantins (passage de tests). Comme support didactique, le film est utilisé en direction des enfants mais aussi dans la communication scientifique, avec K. et A. Gesell, dans les congrès internationaux et au sein de l’Association internationale de films pour l’Éducation nouvelle. Le cinéma devient ainsi un outil d’observation et d’analyse privilégié au service d’une psychopédagogie expérimentale en plein essor.