bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Samosir Regency in the Development of Monument
Authors: Corry  , Napitu Resna , Supsiloani  , Ulung Napitu
Published: September 2020

This study aims to discuss the development of monument in Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia by using a descriptive analytic method with a phenomenological approach. The phenomenological approach is a tradition of qualitative research that is rooted in philosophical and psychological, and focuses on the experience of human life (sociology). The results of this study indicate that there are so many public opinions regarding the development of the monument carried out by Toba Batak community in Samosir Regency. However, the development of this monument is inseparable from two aspects, namely in terms of religion / belief and cultural aspects. The development of monument that is so fierce in Samosir Regency carries so many meanings behind the monument itself. The number of parsadaan’s monument in Samosir Regency is 19.
PENGATURAN HUKUM CAMBUK SEBAGAI BENTUK PIDANA DALAM QANUN JINAYAT
Authors: Wicaksono Dian Agung , Ayutama Ola Anisa
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaturan hukum cambuk sebagai bentuk pidana dan menganalisis implikasi pengaturan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif namun dilengkapi dengan data primer berupa in depth interview. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pertama, pengaturan hukum cambuk sebagai bentuk pidana merupakan salah satu bentuk pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan mengadopsi khazanah hukum Islam ke dalam hukum positif di Indonesia. Konteks Indonesia, pengaturan mengenai cambuk sebagai ‘uqubat hudud dan ‘uqubat ta’zir tercantum dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat yang di dalamnya memuat secara detail subjek hukum yang dapat dikenakan ‘uqubat cambuk dan tata cara pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk. Kedua, pengaturan hukum cambuk dalam Qanun Jinayat bukan semata membawa pembaharuan dalam konteks bentuk pidana, namun lebih jauh Pengaturan hukum cambuk juga membawa implikasi terhadap politik hukum pidana, hak asasi manusia, dan legislasi daerah.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA TERPADU
Authors: Syahrin M. Alvi
Published: September 2020

Hukuman yang dijatuhkan pengadilan kepada pelaku bertujuan untuk semaksimal mungkin mengembalikan keadaan korban tindak pidana sebelum terjadinya peristiwa pidana. Dalam sistem peradilan pidana sebaiknya diterapkan prinsip keadilan restoratif. Selama ini pidana penjara dijadikan sebagai sanksi utama pada pelaku kejahatan yang terbukti bersalah di pengadilan. Padahal yang diperlukan masyarakat adalah keadaan yang semaksimal mungkin seperti sebelum terjadinya tindak pidana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah: Bagaimana penerapan prinsip keadilan restoratif dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan pembahasan sebagai berikut. Prinsip keadilan restoratif merupakan pemulihan hubungan baik antara pelaku kejahatan dengan korban kejahatan, sehingga hubungan antara pelaku kejahatan dengan korban kejahatan sudah tidak ada dendam lagi. Hal ini terlepas dari pelaku kejahatan sudah memberikan restitusi atau ganti kerugian kepada korban kejahatan, sehingga penderitaan korban kejahatan sangat merasa terbantu. Hal ini dikarenakan korban bisa saja telah menderita kerugian materiil atau menderita psikis akibat kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku kejahatan. Apabila pelaku tidak mampu memberikan restitusi atau ganti kerugian kepada korban kejahatan, maka kewajiban bagi negara untuk membayar apa yang telah menjadi hak korban kejahatan, walaupun masih harus melalui penetapan hakim.
CELAH HUKUM EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA OLEH KURATOR PADA MASA INSOLVENSI
Authors: Adelina Fransiska
Published: September 2020

Terdapat beberapa celah hukum eksekusi jaminan fidusia oleh kurator pada masa insolvensi. Celah hukum tersebut di antaranya yaitu hukum jaminan fidusia memberikan jaminan pembayaran penuh kepada kreditur namun penguasaan atas objek fidusia tersebut ada pada debitur sehingga pada saat debitur pailit kreditur tidak berwenang menjual objek fidusia. Kemudian ketika pengadilan memutuskan debitur pailit, maka kurator dapat menguasai semua kekayaan debitur sehingga kewenangan sita objek jaminan bukan berada pada kreditur melainkan pada kurator. Selanjutnya ketika jaminan fidusia hendak dieksekusi oleh kreditur separatis namun kurator tidak dapat menghadirkan objek fidusia tersebut dengan berbagai alasan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif. Terdapat 2 bahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bahan hukum dan non hukum. Bahan hukum tersebut terdiri dari bahan hukum primer yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder yaitu buku atau literatur dan bahan hukum tersier yaitu berbagai kamus yang lazim digunakan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini maka hakim pengawas seharusnya memberikan hak kepada kreditur untuk menguasai dan merawat fisik objek fidusia pada saat debitur pailit sehingga kreditur memperoleh legalitas mengeksekusi objek fidusia. Selain itu meskipun kurator dapat menguasai semua kekayaan debitur, namun seharusnya kurator sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku segera melakukan lelang objek fidusia sehingga keditur tidak harus membayar pajak dan hanya membayar sedikit biaya perawatan objek fidusia. Kemudian seharusnya kurator melaporkan kasus penggelapan objek fidusia oleh debitur kepada Kepolisian untuk diselidiki dan ditemukan keberadaannya sehingga pada saat pelelangan berlangsung objek fidusia tersebut dapat dihadirkan.
TANTANGAN PENEGAKAN HAM KORPORASI
Authors: Simarmata Markus H
Published: September 2020

Komnas HAM menyatakan bahwa korporasi sering dilaporkan melanggar HAM. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengelolaan dan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup juga mengamanatkan agar penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan dapat diterapkan terhadap korporasi yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Namun dalam peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai hak asaasi manusia dan penegakan hak asasi manusia belum diatur tentang pertanggungjawaban HAM Korporasi. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif yang meneliti tentang pertanggungjawaban HAM korporasi yang melanggar hak atas lingkungan hidup berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang HAM dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait lainnya. Peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai HAM yang belum mengatur tentang pertanggungjawaban HAM korporasi di antaranya yaitu Banyaknya peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai pertanggungjawabanHAM korporasi yang dibuat setelah Undang-Undang HAM pada tahun 1999 menyebabkan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tidak sesuai lagi dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru. Di samping itu instrumen HAM internasional merupakan sarana “soft law” yang berisi himbauan sehingga tidak mengatur sanksi administratif, pidana, dan perdata bagi korporasi yang melanggar hak atas lingkungan hidup. Sedangkan penegakan HAM yang belum melaksanakan pertanggungjawaban HAM Korproasi yaitu tidak terdapatnya Putusan-Putusan Pengadilan yang mengungkapkan secara eksplisit pertanggungjawaban HAM korporasi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut seharusnya pemerintah segera merevisi Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 dengan mengharmonisasikan ketentuan dalam UU HAM tersebut dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan pertanggungjaaban HAM Korporasi. Selanjutnya mendorong negara-negara di dunia untuk merevisi instrumen HAM internasional yang mengatur sanksi administratif, pidana dan perdata bagi korporasi yang melanggar hak atas lingkungan hidup. Kemudian perlu melakukan bimbingan teknis bagi Hakim agar memiliki pengetahuan yang luas tentang pertanggungjawaban HAM korporasi sehingga dapat membuat Putusan Pengadilan yang mengungkapkan secara eksplisit pertanggungjawaban HAM korporasi.
Tunnekoukussa
Authors: Brunila Kristiina
Published: September 2020

Terapeuttinen kieli on lisääntynyt kasvatuksessa ja koulutuksessa. Sen seurauksena esimerkiksi syrjäytymisvaarassa olevat nuoret näyttävät sisäistävän yhteiskunnalliset ongelmat ja ajattelevan niitä ominaan.
Arvot nuorten aikuisten vapaaehtoistoiminnassa
Authors: Grönlund Henrietta
Published: September 2020

Yli kolmannes suomalaisista osallistuu vapaaehtoistoimintaan, mutta ilmiötä on tutkittu vähän suhteessa arvoihin. Klassisten kehitysteorioiden mukaan nuori aikuisuus on aikaa, jolloin identiteetti ja oikean ja väärän kysymykset kypsyvät. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nuorten aikuisten vapaaehtoistoiminnan taustalla vaikuttavia arvoja.
Ylevä ja muuttumaton vai arkinen ja muuttuvainen?
Authors: Onnismaa Jussi
Published: September 2020

Filosofian uudistaminen / John Dewey. Tampere : Vastapaino, 2012.
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Bakau Sebagai Bahan Ajar Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Kimia Siswa SMP
Authors: Suyanti Suyanti
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia dalam tanaman bakau (R.mangle) dengan teknik maserasi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pemutih kulit 2) Mendiskripsikan bahan ajar “Bahan Kimia dalam kehidupan” untuk siswa kelas VIII yang terdapat dipasaran saat ini dilanjutkan dengan penyusunan bahan ajar sesuai kebutuhan siswa SMP kelas VIII 3) mendiskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan bahan ajar yang telah disusun terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi Bahan Kimia dalam Kehidupan? Desain penelitian yang diterapkan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Penelitian dimulai dari pengambilan data laboratorium. Daun, batang dan akar bakau R.mangle diekstraksi maserasi untuk mendapatkan senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid dan triterpen dan steroid. Ekstrak R.mangle dibuat krim pemutih variasi konsentrasi 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Krim dari ekstrak R.mangle dicoba-ujikan pada kulit kelinci jantan yang berwarna hitam. Krim yang berasal dari daun R.mangle mencerahkan kulit kelinci dari hitam menjadi coklat tua. Krim dari kulit batang R.mangle mencerahkan kulit kelinci menjadi berwarna krem. Sedangkan krim dari akar membuat kulit kelinci berwarna coklat muda. Hasil data laboratorium dan uji-coba terhadap kulit kelinci, dimanfaatkan untuk menyusun bahan ajar “Bahan Kimia dalam Kehidupan”. Bahan ajar tersebut kemudian digunakan dalam pembelajaran pada siswa kelas VIII SMP N 38 Seluma. Hasil evaluasi belajar siswa memperlihatkan bahwa data hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol memperlihatkan sebaran data yang normal dan menunjukkan varian data yang sama, sehingga data layak dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Hasil uji t diperoleh t hitung 2,6011 dan t kritik dari tabel t adalah sebesar 1,9955 dikarenakan t hitung lebih besar dari t kritik maka ada perbedaan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen (Ye) dan kelas kontrol (Yk).  Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi belajar kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan bahan ajar “Bahan Kimia dalam Kehidupan” pada pembelajaran IPA di kelas VIII A SMPN 38 Seluma memperoleh hasil lebih baik dari pada kelompok kontrol yang tidak menggunakan bahan ajar serupa dalam pembelajaran.
“I Have a Dream”
Authors: Fais Stefano
Published: September 2020

“I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plains, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all the flesh shall see it together. This is our hope…” (Martin Luther King, Washington D.C., August 28, 1963)
Biodistribution, Uptake and Effects Caused by Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Sadovska Lilite , Santos Cristina Bajo , Kalniņa Zane , Linē Aija
Published: September 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are released in the extracellular space by a variety of normal and cancerous cell types and have been found in all human body fluids. Cancer-derived EVs have been shown to carry lipids, proteins, mRNAs, non-coding and structural RNAs and even extra-chromosomal DNA, which can be taken up by recipient cells and trigger diverse physiological and pathological responses. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer-derived EVs mediate paracrine signalling between cancer cells. This leads to the increased invasiveness, proliferation rate and chemoresistance, as well as the acquisition of the cancer stem cell phenotype. This stimulates angiogenesis and the reprogramming of normal stromal cells into cancer-promoting cell types. Furthermore, cancer-derived EVs contribute to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and modulation of anti-tumour immune response. However, as most of these data are obtained by in vitro studies, it is not entirely clear which of these effects are recapitulated in vivo. In the current review, we summarize studies that assess the tissue distribution, trafficking, clearance and uptake of cancer-derived EVs in vivo and discuss the impact they have, both locally and systemically.
Onward to 2016
Authors: Jia Shidong , Chiesi Antonio , Kuo Winston Patrick
Published: September 2020

Abstract not available
Indole‑3-carbinol as potential factor in anticarcinogenic protection: nutritionist’s position
Authors: Orlova S. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Karushina L. I. , Pigaryova Yu. A. , Pronina O. E. , Yatsenko E. V. , Magomedova Kh. A.
Published: September 2020

Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, minor substances that have anti-carcinogenic and detoxifying effects, increasing the adaptive capacity of the body. In case of insufficient consumption of cruciferous with food, some glucosonolates or their derivatives, such as inol‑3-carbinol, can be additionally introduced into the diet. The article discusses the mechanisms of action and the role of indole‑3-carbinol in supporting the reproductive system and adaptive reserves of the body.
Ovarian reserve in patients with borderline ovarian tumors after surgical treatment
Authors: Chugunova N. A. , Pokul L. V.
Published: September 2020

Borderline ovarian tumors are often diagnosed in women under the age of 40 years (31.8 %), which determines the need to optimize the management of this cohort of patients, taking into account the possibility of maintaining their reproductive function. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the ovarian reserve based on a comprehensive sonographic diagnosis of the ovarian reserve in patients of reproductive age with borderline ovarian tumors. Materials and methods. Group I (n = 103) included patients with borderline serous epithelial ovarian tumors. Group II (n = 95) was formed from women with mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors. Comparison group III (n = 189) included patients with benign ovarian cystadenomas. Ultrasound scanning of the pelvic organs and color Doppler mapping (DLC) were performed using Aloka 3500, Semiens G‑60 ultrasound scanners operating in real time and equipped with a pulsed doppler using a 3.5 MHz convex sensor and a 7.5 MHz transvaginal sensor. Results. The number of antral follicles does not depend on the volume of the ovary. The healthy remaining ovarian tissue of the ovary is most pronounced in groups I and III, significantly less represented in group II (p ≤ 0.0001). Three months after adnexectomy, ovulatory function in the intact (healthy) ovary was preserved in 71% (n = 49) of women from group I; in 89% (n = 73) of patients of group II and in 93% (n = 25) of respondents of group III, with a predominance in group II (φ* = 2.7; p ≤ 0.0010 and φ* = 1.6; p ≤ 0.0500). After a conservative operation, the function of the operated (resected) ovary detected ovulation in 62% (n = 21) of group I participants; 68% (n = 9) of women of group II and 86% (n = 139) of patients of group III. After 6 months, an increase in the number of antral ovaries and the number of ovulations with a predominance of ovarian reserve in group III (p ≤ 0.0010 and p ≤ 0.0001) was generally observed. Conclusions. Integrated ultrasound is a reliable and objective method that evaluates the features of the ovulatory reserve in patients with borderline and benign ovarian tumors, which makes it possible to formulate a prognosis of a woman’s reproductive health after various types of surgical treatment.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM NOVEL KASONGAN(SEBUAH KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Nilam Sari Tiara
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to describe and assess the values of local wisdom contained in Kasongan novel written by Budi Santoso Satmoko. This research includes the values of local wisdom that such beliefs, customs, traditional food that can be useful for the reader. This study used descriptive qualitative research method, by taking and classifying data according to the codification table. And, the results of this study indicate that Indonesia has a cultural diversity within each community. Through research Local wisdom is contained in the culture of local communities can be known through literature containing the values of local wisdom. The values of local wisdom contained in the novel Kasongan Satmoko work Budi Santoso, can be used as a mirror to preserve local culture.
ANALISIS UNSUR KOHESI DALAM STRUKTUR WACANA
Authors: Mei Diastuti Indah , Fikri Maulana Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Wacana adalah kesatuan makna (semantis) antarbagian di dalam suatu bangun bahasa. Dengan kesatuan makna, wacana dilihat sebagai bangun bahasa yang utuh karena setiap bagian di dalam wacana itu berhubungan secara padu. Di samping itu, wacana juga terikat pada konteks. Sebagai kesatuan yang abstrak, wacana dibedakan dari teks, tulisan, bacaan, dan tuturan yang mengacu pada makna yang sama, yaitu wujud konkret yang terlihat, terbaca, atau terdengar. Pemahaman terhadap wacana akan memudahkan kita memahami bahasa secara lebih luas tidak saja dari struktur formal bahasa tetapi juga dari aspek di luar bahasa (konteks). Wacana memiliki dua unsur pendukung utama, yaitu unsur dalam (internal) dan unsur luar (eksternal). Unsur internal berkaitan dengan aspek formal kebahasaan, sedangkan unsur eksternal berkaitan dengan hal-hal di luar wacana itu sendiri. Unsur eksternal wacana merupakan sesuatu yang menjadi bagian wacana, tetapi tidak nampak secara eksplisit. Kehadiran unsur eksternal berfungsi sebagai pelengkap keutuhan wacana. Unsur-unsur eksternal ini terdiri atas implikatur, presuposisi, referensi, inferensi, dan konteks.
Fibula Ostectomy as Palliative Treatment of Knee Osteoatrosis
Authors: Gonzalez Juan Carlos Cedre , Plain Leonardo Dominguez , Pazos Claribel Plain , Pineiro Sergio Morales , Plain Anisbel Perez de Alejo , Mirabal Yanet Flores
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthrosis is a degenerative joint condition characterized by progressive loss of joint cartilage. The knee joint is one of the most affected by this disease. Although there are different procedures for the surgical treatment of this pathology, fibular ostectomy in recent years is giving very good results. Although this surgical technique does not eliminate osteoarthritis of the knee, it does improve the symptoms and functional disability of the joint. Fibula Ostectomy is a palliative treatment of choice in knee osteoarthritis.
Management of Deep Gingival Recessions by Modified Coronally Advanced Tunnel Technique with Titanium Platelet Rich Fibrin Membrane or Connective Tissue Graft: 36 Months Follow-up Clinical Study
Authors: KOYUNCUOĞLU Cenker Zeki , ERCAN Esra , UZUN Bilge , TUNALI Mustafa , FİRATLİ Erhan
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The goal of the study is to evaluate the results of Titanium-Platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) membrane and Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) with modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCATT) in treatment of deep gingival recession defects. Methods: Twenty-one systemically healthy patients displaying 62 Miller Class I/II gingival recession defects ≥ 3.0 mm in depth were treated with MCATT with CTG or T-PRF membrane were included in this retrospective study. The periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline, 6 and 36 months after surgery. The percentages of the mean root coverage (MRC) and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Results: The baseline probing depth values were reduced at 36 months according to baseline for both groups (p
Physiology of Highly Radioresistant Escherichia coli After Experimental Evolution for 100 Cycles of Selection
Authors: Bruckbauer Steven T. , Martin Joel , Minkoff Benjamin B. , Veling Mike T. , Lancaster Illissa , Liu Jessica , Trimarco Joseph D. , Bushnell Brian , Lipzen Anna , Wood Elizabeth A. , Sussman Michael R. , Pennacchio Christa , Cox Michael M.
Published: September 2020

Ionizing radiation (IR) is lethal to most organisms at high doses, damaging every cellular macromolecule via induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Utilizing experimental evolution and continuing previous work, we have generated the most IR-resistant Escherichia coli populations developed to date. After 100 cycles of selection, the dose required to kill 99% the four replicate populations (IR9-100, IR10-100, IR11-100, and IR12-100) has increased from 750 Gy to approximately 3,000 Gy. Fitness trade-offs, specialization, and clonal interference are evident. Long-lived competing sub-populations are present in three of the four lineages. In IR9, one lineage accumulates the heme precursor, porphyrin, leading to generation of yellow-brown colonies. Major genomic alterations are present. IR9 and IR10 exhibit major deletions and/or duplications proximal to the chromosome replication terminus. Contributions to IR resistance have expanded beyond the alterations in DNA repair systems documented previously. Variants of proteins involved in ATP synthesis (AtpA), iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (SufD) and cadaverine synthesis (CadA) each contribute to IR resistance in IR9-100. Major genomic and physiological changes are emerging. An isolate from IR10 exhibits protein protection from ROS similar to the extremely radiation resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, without evident changes in cellular metal homeostasis. Selection is continuing with no limit to IR resistance in evidence as our E. coli populations approach levels of IR resistance typical of D. radiodurans.
Identification of Noise Sources in a Realistic Turbofan Rotor Using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Kholodov Pavel , Moreau Stéphane
Published: September 2020

Large Eddy Simulation is performed using the NASA Source Diagnostic Test turbofan at approach conditions (62% of the design speed). The simulation is performed in a periodic domain containing one fan blade (rotor-alone configuration). The aerodynamic and acoustic results are compared with experimental data. The dilatation field and the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are employed to reveal the noise sources around the rotor. The trailing-edge radiation is effective starting from 50% of span. The strongest DMD modes come from the tip region. Two major noise contributors are shown, the first being the tip noise and the second being the trailing-edge noise. The Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings’ (FWH) analogy is used to compute the far-field noise from the solid surface of the blade. The analogy is computed for the full blade, for its tip region (outer 20% of span) and for lower 80% of span to see the contribution of the latter. The acoustics spectrum below 6 kHz is dominated by the tip part (tip noise), whereas the rest of the blade (trailing-edge noise) contributes more beyond that frequency.
A Deep Learning Approach to Detect COVID-19 Patients from Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Haque Khandaker , Abdelgawad Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Deep Learning has improved multi-fold in recent years and it has been playing a great role in image classification which also includes medical imaging. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been performing well in detecting many diseases including coronary artery disease, malaria, Alzheimer’s disease, different dental diseases, and Parkinson’s disease. Like other cases, CNN has a substantial prospect in detecting COVID-19 patients with medical images like chest X-rays and CTs. Coronavirus or COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of 8 August 2020, the total COVID-19 confirmed cases are 19.18 M and deaths are 0.716 M worldwide. Detecting Coronavirus positive patients is very important in preventing the spread of this virus. On this conquest, a CNN model is proposed to detect COVID-19 patients from chest X-ray images. Two more CNN models with different number of convolution layers and three other models based on pretrained ResNet50, VGG-16 and VGG-19 are evaluated with comparative analytical analysis. All six models are trained and validated with Dataset 1 and Dataset 2. Dataset 1 has 201 normal and 201 COVID-19 chest X-rays whereas Dataset 2 is comparatively larger with 659 normal and 295 COVID-19 chest X-ray images. The proposed model performs with an accuracy of 98.3% and a precision of 96.72% with Dataset 2. This model gives the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve area of 0.983 and F1-score of 98.3 with Dataset 2. Moreover, this work shows a comparative analysis of how change in convolutional layers and increase in dataset affect classifying performances.
Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Trametes versicolor Extract against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Ralstonia solanacearum for Seed Treatment and Development of a Rapid In Vivo Assay
Authors: Orzali Laura , Valente Maria Teresa , Scala Valeria , Loreti Stefania , Pucci Nicoletta
Published: September 2020

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. (Cmm) and Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al. (Smith) (Rs) are important seed-borne bacterial pathogens of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) listed as A2 pests in the EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) region. At present, there are few strategies to control these pathogens, and seed control with eco-compatible approaches is widely encouraged. In this work, the essential oils (EOs) of oregano (Origanum vulgare), garlic (Allium sativum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trametes versicolor extract (Tve) were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Cmm and Rs (broth microdilution method). The tested EOs and the Tve extract caused a significant inhibition of bacterial growth, with very promising MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and MIC90 (minimum inhibitory concentration causing a 90% growth inhibition) values. Moreover, an in vivo germination test showed no major reduction in seed germination when the substances were applied as seed treatment. A rapid molecular screening method has been developed, through real-time PCR, for the specific quantification of Cmm in the presence of a vegetable matrix to test in vivo the antimicrobial efficacy of oregano and cinnamon oil on seed treatment without resorting to whole plant essays, which are time- and space-consuming.
ERS-1/2 and Sentinel-1 SAR Data Mining for Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment in Lima, Peru
Authors: Alvan Romero Nancy , Cigna Francesca , Tapete Deodato
Published: September 2020

The coastline environment and urban areas of Peru overlooking the Pacific Ocean are among the most affected by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and its cascading hazards such as floods, landslides and avalanches. In this work, the complete archives of the European Space Agency (ESA)’s European Remote-Sensing (ERS-1/2) missions and European Commission’s Copernicus Sentinel-1 constellation were screened to select synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images covering the most severe and recent ENSO-related flooding events that affected Lima, the capital and largest city of Peru, in 1997–1998 and 2017–2018. Based on SAR backscatter color composites and ratio maps retrieved from a series of pre-, cross- and post-event SAR pairs, flooded areas were delineated within the Rímac River watershed. These are mostly concentrated along the riverbanks and plain, where low-lying topography and gentle slopes (≤5°), together with the presence of alluvial deposits, also indicate greater susceptibility to flooding. A total of 409 areas (58.50 km2) revealing change were mapped, including 197 changes (32.10 km2) due to flooding-related backscatter variations (flooded areas, increased water flow in the riverbed, and riverbank collapses and damage), and 212 (26.40 km2) due to other processes (e.g., new urban developments, construction of river embankments, other engineering works, vegetation changes). Urban and landscape changes potentially contributing, either detrimentally or beneficially, to flooding susceptibility were identified and considered in the overall assessment of risk. The extent of built-up areas within the basin was mapped by combining information from the 2011 Global Urban Footprint (GUF) produced by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Open Street Map (OSM) accessed from the Quantum GIS (QGIS) service, and 2011–2019 very high-resolution optical imagery from Google Earth. The resulting flooding risk map highlights the sectors of potential concern along the Rímac River, should flooding events of equal severity as those captured by SAR images occur in the future.
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers: A Review
Authors: Lakard Boris
Published: September 2020

Conducting polymers are an important class of functional materials that has been widely applied to fabricate electrochemical biosensors, because of their interesting and tunable chemical, electrical, and structural properties. Conducting polymers can also be designed through chemical grafting of functional groups, nanostructured, or associated with other functional materials such as nanoparticles to provide tremendous improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the biosensor’s response to a variety of bioanalytes. Such biosensors are expected to play a growing and significant role in delivering the diagnostic information and therapy monitoring since they have advantages including their low cost and low detection limit. Therefore, this article starts with the description of electroanalytical methods (potentiometry, amperometry, conductometry, voltammetry, impedometry) used in electrochemical biosensors, and continues with a review of the recent advances in the application of conducting polymers in the recognition of bioanalytes leading to the development of enzyme based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and whole-cell biosensors.
A New Architectural Approach to Monitoring and Controlling AM Processes
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Lu Yan , Jones Albert , Cheng Fan-Tien , Yeung Ho
Published: September 2020

The abilities to both monitor and control additive manufacturing (AM) processes in real-time are necessary before the routine production of quality AM parts will be possible. Currently, neither ability exist! The major reason is that AM processes are different from traditional manufacturing processes in many ways and so are the sensors and the monitoring data collected from them. In traditional manufacturing, that data is mostly numeric in nature. To that numeric data, AM monitoring data add large volumes of a variety of in situ, high-speed, image data. Collecting, fusing, and analyzing all that AM data and making the necessary control decisions is not possible using traditional, rigid, hierarchical-control architectures. Therefore, researchers are proposing to use real-time, machine-learning algorithms to analyze the data and to execute the other control functions. This paper identifies those control functions and proposes a new architecture to integrate them. This paper also shows an example of using that architecture to analyze the melt-pool, shape analysis using a clustering method.
Precoded Generalized Spatial Modulation for Downlink MIMO Transmissions in Beyond 5G Networks
Authors: Pavia João Pedro , Velez Vasco , Brogueira Bernardo , Souto Nuno , Correia Américo
Published: September 2020

The design of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes capable of achieving both high spectral and energy efficiency constitutes a challenge for next-generation wireless networks. MIMO schemes based on generalized spatial modulations (GSM) have been widely considered as a powerful technique to achieve that purpose. In this paper, a multi-user (MU) GSM MIMO system is proposed, which relies on the transmission of precoded symbols from a base station to multiple receivers. The precoder’s design is focused on the removal of the interference between users and allows the application of single-user GSM detection at the receivers, which is accomplished using a low-complexity iterative algorithm. Link level and system level simulations of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) comprising several radio remote units (RRUs) were run in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution. Simulation results show that the proposed GSM MU-MIMO approach can exploit efficiently a large number of antennas deployed at the transmitter. Moreover, it can also provide large gains when compared to conventional MU-MIMO schemes with identical spectral efficiencies. In fact, regarding the simulated C-RAN scenario with perfect channel estimation, system level results showed potential gains of up to 155% and 139% in throughput and coverage, respectively, compared to traditional cellular networks. The introduction of imperfect channel estimation reduces the throughput gain to 125%.
Measuring Quality of Service in a Robotized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Scenario
Authors: Romero-Garcés Adrián , Martínez-Cruz Jesús , Inglés-Romero Juan F. , Vicente-Chicote Cristina , Marfil Rebeca , Bandera Antonio
Published: September 2020

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an integrated clinical process to evaluate frail elderly people in order to create therapy plans that improve their quality and quantity of life. The whole process includes the completion of standardized questionnaires or specific movements, which are performed by the patient and do not necessarily require the presence of a medical expert. With the aim of automatizing these parts of the CGA, we have designed and developed CLARC (smart CLinic Assistant Robot for CGA), a mobile robot able to help the physician to capture and manage data during the CGA procedures, mainly by autonomously conducting a set of predefined evaluation tests. Using CLARC to conduct geriatric tests will reduce the time medical professionals have to spend on purely mechanical tasks, giving them more time to develop individualised care plans for their patients. In fact, ideally, CLARC will perform these tests on its own. In parallel with the effort to correctly address the functional aspects, i.e., the development of the robot tasks, the design of CLARC must also deal with non-functional properties such as the degree of interaction or the performance. We argue that satisfying user preferences can be a good way to improve the acceptance of the robot by the patients. This paper describes the integration into the software architecture of the CLARC robot of the modules that allow these properties to be monitored at run-time, providing information on the quality of its service. Experimental evaluation illustrates that the defined quality of service metrics correctly capture the evolution of the aspects of the robot’s activity and its interaction with the patient covered by the non-functional properties that have been considered.
Noise Prediction Using Machine Learning with Measurements Analysis
Authors: Wen Po-Jiun , Huang Chihpin
Published: September 2020

The noise prediction using machine learning is a special study that has recently received increased attention. This is particularly true in workplaces with noise pollution, which increases noise exposure for general laborers. This study attempts to analyze the noise equivalent level (Leq) at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) facility and establish a machine learning model for noise prediction. This study utilized the gradient boosting model (GBM) as the learning model in which past noise measurement records and many other features are integrated as the proposed model makes a prediction. This study analyzed the time duration and frequency of the collected Leq and also investigated the impact of training data selection. The results presented in this paper indicate that the proposed prediction model works well in almost noise sensors and frequencies. Moreover, the model performed especially well in sensor 8 (125 Hz), which was determined to be a serious noise zone in the past noise measurements. The results also show that the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of the predicted harmful noise was less than 1 dBA and the coefficient of determination (R2) value was greater than 0.7. That is, the working field showed a favorable noise prediction performance using the proposed method. This positive result shows the ability of the proposed approach in noise prediction, thus providing a notification to the laborer to prevent long-term exposure. In addition, the proposed model accurately predicts noise future pollution, which is essential for laborers in high-noise environments. This would keep employees healthy in avoiding noise harmful positions to prevent people from working in that environment.
Complement in Reproductive White Adipose Tissue Characterizes the Obese Preeclamptic-Like BPH/5 Mouse Prior to and During Pregnancy
Authors: Olson Kelsey N. , Reijnders Dorien , Gomes Viviane C. L. , Hebert R. Caitlin , Liu Chin-Chi , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Redman Leanne M. , Douglas Nataki C. , Sones Jennifer L.
Published: September 2020

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by abnormal placental development with an unknown etiology. To better understand which women will develop PE, a number of maternal risk factors have been identified, including obesity. Visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) contains inflammatory mediators that may contribute to PE. To explore this, we utilized the blood pressure high (BPH)/5 mouse model of superimposed PE that spontaneously recapitulates the maternal PE syndrome. We hypothesized that BPH/5 visceral WAT adjacent to the female reproductive tract (reproductive WAT) is a source of complement factors that contribute to the inflammatory milieu and angiogenic imbalance at the maternal–fetal interface in this model and in preeclamptic women. To test our hypothesis, we calorie-restricted BPH/5 females for two weeks prior to pregnancy and the first seven days of pregnancy, which attenuated complement component 3 (C3) but not complement factor B, nor complement factor D, (adipsin) in the reproductive WAT or the implantation site in BPH/5. Furthermore, calorie restriction during pregnancy restored vascular endothelial and placental growth factor mRNA levels in the BPH/5 implantation site. These data show maternal reproductive WAT may be a source of increased C3 during pregnancy, which is increased at the maternal–fetal interface in preeclamptic BPH/5 mice. It also suggests that calorie restriction could regulate inflammatory mediators thought to contribute to placental dysfunction in PE. Future studies are necessary to examine the effect of calorie restriction on C3 throughout pregnancy and the role of maternal obesity in PE.
Selective Coordination of Cu2+ and Subsequent Anion Detection Based on a Naphthalimide-Triazine-(DPA)2 Chemosensor
Authors: Moro Artur J. , Santos Miguel , Outis Mani , Mateus Pedro , Pereira Pedro M.
Published: September 2020

A new fluorescent chemosensor for copper (II) and subsequent anion sensing was designed and fully characterized. The sensor consisted of a 1,8-naphthalimide core, bearing two terminal dipicolylamine (DPA) receptor units for binding metal cations, and an ethoxyethanol moiety for enhanced water solubility. The DPA units are connected to position 4 of the fluorophore via a triazine-ethylenediamine spacer. Fluorescence titration studies of the chemosensor revealed a high selectivity for Cu2+ over other divalent ions, the emissions were strongly quenched upon binding, and a stability constant of 5.52 log units was obtained. Given the distance from DPA chelating units and the fluorophore, quenching from the Cu2+ complexation suggests an electron transfer or an electronic energy transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the Cu2+-sensor complex proved to be capable of sensing anionic phosphate derivatives through the displacement of the Cu2+ cation, which translated into a full recovery of the luminescence from the naphthalimide. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy studies performed in HeLa cells showed there was a high intracellular uptake of the chemosensor. Incubation in Cu2+ spiked media revealed a strong fluorescent signal from mitochondria and cell membranes, which is consistent with a high concentration of ATP at these intracellular sites.
Variables and Mechanisms Affecting Response to Language Treatment in Multilingual People with Aphasia
Authors: Goral Mira , Lerman Aviva
Published: September 2020

Background: Despite substantial literature exploring language treatment effects in multilingual people with aphasia (PWA), inconsistent results reported across studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Methods: We highlight and illustrate variables that have been implicated in affecting cross-language treatment effects in multilingual PWA. Main contribution: We argue that opposing effects of activation and inhibition across languages, influenced by pertinent variables, such as age of language acquisition, patterns of language use, and treatment-related factors, contribute to the complex picture that has emerged from current studies of treatment in multilingual PWA. We propose a new integrated model—Treatment Effects in Aphasia in Multilingual people (the TEAM model)—to capture this complexity.
Pathway-Based Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Microbiome Data from Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis Patients
Authors: Kim Boram , Cho Eun Ju , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Cho Sung Won , Park Taesung
Published: September 2020

Aberrations of the human microbiome are associated with diverse liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even if we can associate specific microbes with particular diseases, it is difficult to know mechanistically how the microbe contributes to the pathophysiology. Here, we sought to reveal the functional potential of the HCC-associated microbiome with the human metabolome which is known to play a role in connecting host phenotype to microbiome function. To utilize both microbiome and metabolomic data sets, we propose an innovative, pathway-based analysis, Hierarchical structural Component Model for pathway analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome (HisCoM-MnM), for integrating microbiome and metabolomic data. In particular, we used pathway information to integrate these two omics data sets, thus providing insight into biological interactions between different biological layers, with regard to the host’s phenotype. The application of HisCoM-MnM to data sets from 103 and 97 patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC), respectively, showed that this approach could identify HCC-related pathways related to cancer metabolic reprogramming, in addition to the significant metabolome and metagenome that make up those pathways.
Mitochondrial Calcium Deregulation in the Mechanism of Beta-Amyloid and Tau Pathology
Authors: Esteras Noemi , Abramov Andrey Y.
Published: September 2020

Aggregation and deposition of β-amyloid and/or tau protein are the key neuropathological features in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies including frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The interaction between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and the impairment of calcium ions (Ca2+) homeostasis induced by misfolded tau and β-amyloid plays an important role in the progressive neuronal loss occurring in specific areas of the brain. In addition to the control of bioenergetics and ROS production, mitochondria are fine regulators of the cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis that induce vital signalling mechanisms in excitable cells such as neurons. Impairment in the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) or release through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger may lead to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and opening of the permeability transition pore inducing neuronal death. Recent evidence suggests an important role for these mechanisms as the underlying causes for neuronal death in β-amyloid and tau pathology. The present review will focus on the mechanisms that lead to cytosolic and especially mitochondrial Ca2+ disturbances occurring in AD and tau-induced FTD, and propose possible therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
Cytokine Profiling in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Overview on Phenotype Correlation, Outcome Prediction, and Role of Genetic Variants
Authors: Masselli Elena , Pozzi Giulia , Gobbi Giuliana , Merighi Stefania , Gessi Stefania , Vitale Marco , Carubbi Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Among hematologic malignancies, the classic Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are considered a model of inflammation-related cancer development. In this context, the use of immune-modulating agents has recently expanded the MPN therapeutic scenario. Cytokines are key mediators of an auto-amplifying, detrimental cross-talk between the MPN clone and the tumor microenvironment represented by immune, stromal, and endothelial cells. This review focuses on recent advances in cytokine-profiling of MPN patients, analyzing different expression patterns among the three main Philadelphia-negative (Ph-negative) MPNs, as well as correlations with disease molecular profile, phenotype, progression, and outcome. The role of the megakaryocytic clone as the main source of cytokines, particularly in myelofibrosis, is also reviewed. Finally, we report emerging intriguing evidence on the contribution of host genetic variants to the chronic pro-inflammatory state that typifies MPNs.
Experimental Investigation of the Tension and Compression Creep Behavior of Alumina-Spinel Refractories at High Temperatures
Authors: Teixeira Lucas , Samadi Soheil , Gillibert Jean , Jin Shengli , Sayet Thomas , Gruber Dietmar , Blond Eric
Published: September 2020

Refractory materials are subjected to thermomechanical loads during their working life, and consequent creep strain and stress relaxation are often observed. In this work, the asymmetric high temperature primary and secondary creep behavior of a material used in the working lining of steel ladles is characterized, using uniaxial tension and compression creep tests and an inverse identification procedure to calculate the parameters of a Norton-Bailey based law. The experimental creep curves are presented, as well as the curves resulting from the identified parameters, and a statistical analysis is made to evaluate the confidence of the results.