bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Perbedaan Risk dan Return antara Saham Syariah dan Konvensional di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Erdiana Atty
Published: May 2021

This study purposed to compare the Risk and Return between Islamic and conventional stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The object of this research is sharia and conventional stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling with a sample size of 50 Islamic stocks and 50 conventional stocks. This research focused on the study of Islamic and conventional stock price data from 2015 to 2018. The analysis technique used to test the level of differences in risk and return in Islamic and conventional stock groups was the independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the average return on Islamic and conventional stocks. Meanwhile, the results of the risk comparison of the two groups of stocks were heterogeneous (not the same) so that the risk of the two stocks cannot be compared.
Peranan Orang Tua Dalam Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Anggraini Nofita
Published: May 2021

Keluarga adalah lingkungan pertama dan utama bagi anak untuk belajar belajar. Orang tua memiliki peran untuk membantu anak menyelesaikan tugas-tugas perkembangannya termasuk mengembangkan keterampilan berbahasa. Setiap tindak tutur orang tua di lingkungan keluarga, maupun sosial akan memberi pengaruh terhadap perkembangan bahasa anak. Kajian ini mendeskripsikan tentang pentingnya peran orang tua dalam perkembangan pribadi anak usia dini. Stimulus untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak sebagai social skill harus dilakukan para orang tua sejak dini. Peranan orang tua  dalam meningkatkan perkembangan bahasa anak diantaranya (1) mengenalkan kata sapaan yang baik dan benar ketika berkomunikasi di dalam keluarga, (2) melatih pengucapan kalimat pendek atau sederhana, ketika anak menerima; meminta, bertanyakepada orang lain, (3) mengajak anak mengenal benda-benda disekitarnya, (4) mengajak anak berbicara, (5) membacakan cerita atau mendongeng, (6) menerapkan pola asuh demokratis.
II. BEYAZIT TIP FAKÜLTESİNDE AKUSTİĞİN MİMARİ TASARIMA ETKİSİ
Authors: BAL KOÇYİĞİT Filiz
Published: May 2021

Anadolu Türkleri çağlar boyunca sanat ve bilimle yakından ilgilenmişlerdir. Osmanlı ve Selçuklu Türkleri ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulduğu yıllarda bilim ve sanat alanında büyük gelişmeler gösterildi. Müzik, Türk insanı için hayatın en önemli parçalarından biridir. Atatürk, “Hayatta müzik gerekmez. Çünkü hayat müziktir ”dedi. Gülbahar ve oğlu Fatih Sultan Mehmet II. Beyazıt, küçükken ünlü bilim ve sanat uzmanlarından eğitim aldı. Mimar Hayrettin ise dönemin önemli mimarlarından biriydi ve 1500'lerde meydana gelen depremden sonra İstanbul ve Edirne'nin yeniden inşası için çalıştı. Sultan II. Beyazıt M.S. 1484 yılında Buğdan seferine çıkarken II. Edirne'de Beyazıt Külliyesi'nin kuruluşunun temelini attı. Külliyenin yanı sıra tıp fakültesi (tıp fakültesi), darüşşifa, çorba mutfakları, Tunca Nehri üzerinde köprü, çifte hamam, un değirmeni, soyağacı okulu, mehterhane, tabhane (fakirler için otel) ve bir muvakkithane (astronomi sınıfı) inşa edildi. . Çalışmamızda tıp tarihinin önemli bir merkezi olan hastane ve tıp medresesi akustik olarak ele alınmış ve incelenmiştir. Medresede temel bilgilere sahip olan öğrenciler, hastanenin usta doktorlarından tıp eğitimi alırlar. Böylelikle usta-çırak ilişkisi kurulur. Medrese ile darüşşifa binasının tek ara kapıyla birbirinden ayrılmasının ana nedeni budur. Böylelikle öğrenciler arası iletişim kolaylıkla sağlandı. İç mekân akustiği hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğu düşünülen II. Beyazıt, döneminde müziğe büyük önem vermiş ve bu yönde Mimar Hayrettin'i etkilediği düşünülmektedir. II. Beyazıt kompleksinde kullanılan kubbeler, altıgen formun etrafına yerleştirilen hasta odaları, merkezdeki su ünitesi ve su sesinin odalara yansıyan müziğin yarattığı ses dağıtım kalitesi, mimar Hayrettin'in bir akustik üzerine araştırma. Komplekste kullanılan müzik terapisi, modern tıbbın yanı sıra geleneksel tıp için de uygundur.
Parochial Libraries of Nizhny Novgorod Eparchy at the Turn of the XIX-XX Centuries and Their Educational Function
Authors: Arkhipova Natalya Evgenyevna
Published: May 2021

The research objectives are as follows: to analyse the state of parochial libraries of Nizhny Novgorod eparchy, to identify their role as a means of religious and moral education. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on previously unpublished materials, the author for the first time analyses the state of parochial libraries of Nizhny Novgorod eparchy at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The conducted research allows concluding that in the mentioned period, the number of parochial libraries grew, but they often couldn’t efficiently perform the religious-educational function. It is shown that many parochial libraries possessed small funds, experienced a lack of good spiritual literature due to the following reasons: inefficient funding mechanisms, lack of financing, lack of time, the clergy’s lack of interest in organizing libraries. At the same time, there were positive examples of library services organization.
Specificity of Making, Existence and Development of Woodwind (Whistle) Instruments of the Russian Folklore Tradition in the Kuzbass Region
Authors: Solov'ev Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Solov'eva Irina Vital'evna
Published: May 2021

The article aims to substantiate forms and methods of introducing various types of flutes into folklore environment and educational groups of the Kuzbass region. Scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the authors analyse the process of making musical instruments in detail, giving credit to the materials used. The authors’ version of breathing and articulation techniques is described. A maker’s advice is also important for teachers and directors of musical ensembles. The attained results have shown that the use of the studied whistle musical instruments in concert practice of the Kuzbass region proves effectiveness of the approach to reconstruction and modernisation of instruments of the Russian folk tradition in the modern era.
Music Genre Preferences among Students of Different Ages and Genders
Authors: Le Siyu
Published: May 2021

The study aims to analyse music genre preferences among students of different ages and genders. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that the researcher has identified relationship between gender, age, on the one hand, and the preferred musical style, on the other. As a result, among eight detected functions performed by music, three are dominant: emotional, social and cognitive. Among the studied genres, rock music has the most numerous and strong correlations with the functions of music. 1st-year students are more likely (p ≤ 0.05) to listen to rap and pop music compared to 4th-year students. As for other genres, there were found no significant differences. For young women, musical compositions are more often associated with some memories, while for young men music is entertaining or motivational in nature.
Contradictions between Developed Capitalist Countries and Developing Countries in the Context of Globalisation
Authors: Shakirov Elchin , Penkovtsev Roman Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

The study aims to determine nature and specificity of contradictions between developed and developing countries in the context of globalisation, as well as its role in expanding the ability of rich countries in the West to control the world’s natural resources, advanced technologies and financial flows, thus deepening backwardness of poor countries in the South. Scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the methods used by global power centres to subdue weak countries. As a result, it is proved that income gap between rich and poor countries in the modern world will steadily widen, which will lead to growth of the protest movement in developing countries and international tensions.
Russian Historiography of Economic Development of Sevastopol Region
Authors: Beloglazov Roman Nikolaevich , Osipovskiy Semen Nikolaevich
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the main patterns of creating scientific literature on the topic of economic development of Sevastopol region. The article considers formation stages of the topic’s historiography, determines their features in the context of research issues, methodological approaches and factual content. Scientific novelty of the article is accounted for by the lack of publications devoted to analysing literature on the history of Sevastopol’s economic development. As a result, the researchers have identified and analysed principal directions of the topic’s elaboration within the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods and also outlined prospects for its further development in the form of preparing interdisciplinary synthesis works.
The Yakut Circle Dance ‘оһуохай’ in Publications of the 1990s - Early 2000s
Authors: Khaltanova Aleksandra Dmitrievna
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the paper is to shed light on development of studying the Yakut circle dance ‘оhуохай’ on the basis of works published from the 1990s to the early 2000s. The research is novel in that it is the first to raise the question of development of studying the Yakut circle dance by historical periods. Such an analysis makes it possible to consider the selected genre in the diachronic perspective. As a result, it is found that the range of scientific fields that consider the functioning of the Yakut circular dance was expanding in that period. There emerged an independent branch, ethnic pedagogy, which addresses the issues of transfer and preservation of the circle dance. During that period, the Yakuts’ circle dance was primarily called ‘оhуохай’.
Positive and Negative Sides of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ioseliani Aza Davidovna , Korneeva Anastasia Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The study aims to determine features of people’s social life during the pandemic, as well as to assess negative and positive impact of COVID-19 on people and the society. The study is based on empirical data obtained through a sociological survey of people representing different social groups. Scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying, assessing and presenting in a structured fashion specific negative and positive features of social life in the context of the pandemic. As a result, it is proved that there is no sensible and unambiguous response to the consequences of the pandemic in the society yet. A certain social shock from the pandemic continues to this day. The researchers have identified positive and negative aspects of everyday life in the current situation for each of the studied social groups.
Theme of the East in the Azerbaijani Artists’ Creative Work (in the 1950-1980s)
Authors: Valiyeva Sevinj Ismail gizi
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the theme of the East in the Azerbaijani artists’ creative work in the 1950-1980s. This is a fairly widely occurring theme in Azerbaijan visual arts in the considered period. Its main areas are captured in various works that have become an object of this study. The paper aims to shed light on the Eastern themes, to discover motifs of multiculturalism in the Azerbaijani artists’ creative work. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the Eastern themes in the Azerbaijani artists’ creative work are for the first time considered from the viewpoint of the modernity, as well as taking into account their contribution to the national culture development. As a result, the researcher has identified characteristic stylistic, plot and colouristic features of the Eastern themes in the Azerbaijani artists’ creative work.
R. Ingarden’s Phenomenological Philosophy of Literature. Status of Aesthetic Objects and Their Relation to Reality
Authors: Mikhilovskii Mikhail Olegovich
Published: May 2021

The study aims to find out what the basis of any literary work is and what role the reader plays in formation of the image of this type of art in the process of its perception. R. Ingarden’s understanding of the literary work is that of a purely intentional object, so there emerges the issue of its status as this type of object, since it is necessary to explain what the literary work is in the isolated state. However, the reader, being a perceiving link, causes noticeable fluctuations in the literary work and adds that which is absent from the basis that R. Ingarden seeks to form. The article describes a way to solve this problem. Scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a detailed analysis of the layers of the literary work involving achievements of the phenomenological method and in describing the reader’s influence on the above-mentioned layers. As a result, it is proved that the literary work has an objective basis in the form of layers that characterise the structure of the work and that literature is redundant in nature, which is demonstrated by introduction of the notion of concretisation describing formation of the meaning of the literary work by the reader.
Main Contradictions in Development of Spiritual Traditions of the Russian Society at Present Stage
Authors: Shevchenko Olga Viktorovna , Buzhor Evgenia Sergeevna
Published: May 2021

The study aims to identify contradictions that determine lacunary nature characterising intergenerational continuity of spiritual experience of the Russian society at the present stage. The study is novel in that it is the first to examine essence and content of contradictions peculiar to spiritual traditions of the Russian society in the context of modern reality. Special attention is paid to the role of sociocultural environment in the processes of synergy - entropy of the spiritual sphere of the Russian society. As a result, it is proved that authentic content of spiritual traditions of the Russian society at the present stage of their development is able to perform the function of social synergy despite significant external consciental impact and internal entropy phenomena.
Specificity of Narrative Structure of Yu. P. Kazakov’s Short Story “Two in December”
Authors: Baranova Margarita Sergeevna
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to show how authorial intention influences the narrative structure of Yu. P. Kazakov’s short story “Two in December”. The article analyses the narrator’s image, reveals its correlation with the personages’ images. Scientific originality of the study involves justifying the thesis that the narrative and syntactic peculiarities of Yu. P. Kazakov’s short story are determined by authorial intention. The conducted research allows concluding that the work under study is an authorial short story with the exegetic narrator; it contains free indirect discourse elements which serve to express the personages’ thoughts and feelings.
Formation of Children’s Literature in China in the 1920-1930s
Authors: Zakharova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to identify specificity of children’s literature development in China in the 1920-1930s. The article clarifies the role of Bing Xin, Ye Shengtao, Lu Xun in children’s literature formation, analyses influence of the social-political situation on their creative work, reveals originality of these pieces of literature. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher tackles the problem which has not been previously investigated in the Russian sinology - children’s literature created after the “May Fourth Movement”. The conducted analysis allows concluding that Bing Xin, Lu Xun and Ye Shengtao were fathers of children’s literature in China.
Cognitive Mechanism of Comparison in Advertising Tourist Narrative
Authors: Men’shikova Ekaterina Evgen'evna
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the features peculiar to realisation of the cognitive mechanism of comparison in the advertising tourist narrative. The work is novel in that it is the first to study cognitive foundations of the comparison mechanism, using the material of the texts belonging to the advertising tourist narrative. The attained results have shown that structural units of comparison (subject, object and ground) are components of the cognitive mechanism of comparison. The author substantiates the idea that the subject of comparison sets the modus framework, while the object of comparison, which is characterised by the derivational and interpretative potential, specifies and profiles various conceptual features of the original concept.
Expressive Concretization as Translation Technique to Transfer Author’s Style and Intention (by the Example of Ozzy Osbourne’s Autobiography “I Am Ozzy”)
Authors: Sakhapova Mariya Alexandrovna
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to reveal specificity of transferring Osbourne’s style while translating his autobiographical work “I Am Ozzy”. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the researcher for the first time analyses the Russian translation of the scandalous musician’s autobiography paying special attention to the problem of transferring the author’s individual style and intention. The following conclusions are justified: to preserve integrity of the original text, the translator should take into account specificity of a reader’s perception, focus on transferring expressiveness and emotiveness of the author’s language. It is relevant for autobiographical works where a translator faces the task to express the author’s individual style and personality by means of the target language.
Representation of Information on Communicants’ Social Status in Educational Service Promo-Texts
Authors: Streltsova Olga Igorevna
Published: May 2021

The paper aims to reveal specificity of the Russian-language corporate presentation discourse. The article considers the following issues: the presentation discourse genre structure, techniques to promote educational services. Scientific originality of the study involves a comprehensive analysis of structural peculiarities of a new corporate discourse genre - webinar invitations. Special attention is paid to the means representing information on communicants’ social status. The research findings are as follows: the author shows that specificity of communicants’ social representation is determined by the presentation discourse parameters.
Stereotype of Female Politician in the American Mass Media Discourse
Authors: Koval Aleksandra Arturovna
Published: May 2021

The article addresses the topical issue of the shift in collective beliefs about the role that men and women play in the society, as a result of which new gender stereotypes arise in a language. The paper aims to identify discursive tools for constructing the stereotype of a female politician in the mass media discourse of the USA. Scientific novelty of the work is accounted for by taking the interdisciplinary approach to studying the issue and lies in identifying discursive technologies for constructing the modern stereotype of a female politician in the USA. As a result, the researcher has identified the most reproducible features of this gender stereotype, determined that there is a gender shift in the American culture, and described its nature and intensity.
Reportative Evidentiality in the Turkish and Japanese Languages
Authors: Khafizova Ilseyar Ilgamovna , Shafigullina Liliya Shamilova
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify similarities and differences between markers of indirect evidentiality, namely, reportative evidentiality in the Turkish and Japanese languages, using -mış (Turkish), -soudesu, -rashii (Japanese) as examples. Scientific novelty of this topic is accounted for by absence of comparative studies that consider markers of indirect evidentiality in terms of the way they are expressed, their role in a sentence, additional grammatical meanings, semantics, as well as connection of the evidentiality category to other categories. As a result, it is possible to say that evidentiality has typological similarities in the two languages, however, the way and form of expressing markers of indirect evidentiality are different, furthermore, the evidentiality category in the two languages is connected to different grammatical categories.
Imperative Mood Forms of Suppletive Verb Pair БЫТЬ/ЕСТЬ in the Text “The Russian Primary Chronicle” (According to the Laurentian and Hypatian Codices)
Authors: Kazazaeva Marianna Alekseevna
Published: May 2021

The study aims to describe the functional-semantic paradigm of the imperative forms of the Old Russian verb “быти”, using the material of the annalistic text “The Russian Primary Chronicle”. Scientific novelty of the study lies in reconstructing in the most complete manner the paradigm of the imperative forms of the verb “быти”, presented in the Old Russian historical period in the text of the ancient manuscript “The Russian Primary Chronicle”. As a result of the study, it becomes possible to describe in detail functional and semantic features of the imperative forms of the analysed verb at one of the most important stages in its formation.
Image of Fandom in the Novel “Ros Square, Original” by B. Zavgorodny and S. Zaitsev
Authors: Putilo Oleg Olegovich
Published: May 2021

The study aims to get an insight into the role of allusion as a means of creating the image of fandom in the novel “Ros Square, Original” by B. Zavgorodny and S. Zaitsev. Scientific novelty lies in determining the role of allusions and cultural-historical context in the process of creating the image of fandom in B. Zavgorodny’s and S. Zaitsev’s science-fiction novel “Ros Square, Original”, the text of which has not become a subject of special literary research yet. As a result, it is proved that the allusions used in B. Zavgorodny’s and S. Zaitsev’s work are a product of the postmodernist game and serve as a way of expressing content and subtext information aimed primarily at an active member of the all-Russian and Volgograd fandom.
Romanticism in H. de Balzac’s Novel “The Wild Ass’s Skin”: Reflection of the Writer’s Creative Method in Language of Contrastive Oppositions
Authors: Vasileva Olga Anatol’evna
Published: May 2021

The research aims to determine the essential features peculiar to H. de Balzac’s romantic creative method, which manifest themselves in the use of the technique of contrastive oppositions. This technique is studied through evolution of the image of the main character, Raphaël de Valentin, contrast of the female images, Pauline and Foedora, as well as through the image of the Antiquarian, who acts as a voice of the writer’s philosophical ideas. The article analyses realistic interpretations of the novel’s fantastical side. Scientific novelty of the research lies in highlighting the technique of contrastive oppositions as a characteristic feature of the romantic creative method in Balzac’s novel and studying their reflection in the language of the work. As a result, it is proved that the romantic creative method is predominant in the novel “The Wild Ass’s Skin”.
Linking Circular Economy and Sustainable Energy Technology through Quintuple Helix Perspective
Authors: Mohamad Ishak Waznatol Widad , Mustapa Siti Indati , Mohammad Norsyahida , Jais Azlina Mohamad
Published: May 2021

Sustainable energy development had been signified as the pathways for the global energy transition, that drive important changes in how energy is being generated, transmitted, and consumed. The concept of Circular Economy (CE) has been proposed to address the environmental problem by minimizing the resource inputs and emission generation, reuse the waste and refuse from the conventional production process to obtain a further benefit. However, the contribution of CE to sustainable energy development and its link to Quintuple Helix (QH) elements is still ambiguous. This paper intends to fulfil this gap by examining the five main elements of the QH that contribute to the CE ecosystem, namely academia, companies, environment, government, and society. Innovative technologies from sludge management in urban wastewater sectors are discussed as the case study. A framework relating the QH with CE and innovation are proposed for future research. Practical recommendations associated with CE and sustainable energy policies are also provided.
Parsing errors in Hindi: Investigating limits to verbal prediction in an SOV language
Authors: Apurva Apurva , Husain Samar
Published: May 2021

The role of prediction during sentence comprehension is widely acknowledged to be very critical in SOV languages. Robust clause-final verbal prediction and its maintenance have been invoked to explain effects such as anti-locality and lack of structural forgetting. At the same time, there is evidence that these languages avoid increased preverbal phrase complexity due to working-memory constraints. Given the critical role of prediction in processing of SOV languages, in this work, we study verbal predictions in Hindi (an SOV language) to investigate its robustness and fallibility using a series of completion studies. Analyses of verbal completions based on grammaticality (grammatical vs ungrammatical) as well as their syntactic property (in terms of verb class) show, as expected, frequent grammatical completions based on effective use of preverbal nouns and case-markers. However, there were also high instances of ungrammatical completions. In particular, consistent errors were made in conditions with 3 animate nouns with unique/similar case-markers. These errors increased in the face of adjuncts of differing complexity following the preverbal nouns. The grammatical and ungrammatical completions show that native speakers of Hindi posit structures with at most 2 verbal heads and 5 core verbal relations, thus highlighting an upper bound to verbal prediction and its maintenance in such configurations. A rating study confirmed that certain errors found in completion tasks can lead to grammatical illusions. Further, a detailed analysis of the completion errors in such cases revealed that the parser ignores the complete preverbal nominal features of the input and instead selectively reconstructs the input based on their frequency in the language to form illicit parses at the expense of globally consistent parses. Together, the results show that while preverbal cues are effectively employed by the parser to make clause-final structural predictions, the parsing system breaks down when the number of predicted verbs/relations exceeds beyond a certain threshold. In effect, the results suggests that processing in SOV languages is susceptible to center-embeddings similar to that in SVO languages. This highlights the over-arching influence of working-memory constraints during sentence comprehension and thereby on the parser to posit less complex structures.
Individuals with congenital aphantasia show no significant neuropsychological deficits on imagery-related memory tasks
Authors: Pounder Zoë , Jacob Jane , Evans Samuel , Loveday Catherine , Eardley Alison , Silvanto Juha
Published: May 2021

Aphantasia describes the experience of individuals who self-report a lack of voluntary visual imagery. It is not yet known whether individuals with aphantasia show deficits in cognitive and neuropsychological tasks thought to relate to aspects of visual imagery, including Spatial Span, One Touch Stocking of Cambridge, Pattern Recognition Memory, Verbal Recognition Memory and Mental Rotation. Twenty individuals with congenital aphantasia (VVIQ < 25) were identified and matched on measures of age and IQ to twenty individuals with typical imagery (VVIQ > 35). The only group differences found within the neuropsychological and visuo-spatial working memory tests were slower performance in the One Touch Stocking of Cambridge task during trials that had greater working memory load. These results suggest that the cognitive profile of people without imagery does not greatly differ from those with typical imagery when examined by group. However, observed group differences were apparent with increased working memory load. This raises questions about whether or not aphantasia represents a differences cognitive function or in conscious experience.
Loot boxes: A scoping review on primary studies of prevalence and association with problematic gaming and gambling
Authors: Juan Irene Montiel , Basterra-González Aránzazu , Machimbarrena Juan Manuel , Ortega-Barón Jessica , González-Cabrera Joaquín
Published: May 2021

Background: Loot boxes are a type of random microtransactions that are increasingly common in videogames, so there is some concern about its true extent and entailed risks. Although many papers have been published recently about this topic, the actual prevalence of loot boxes use is uncertain and there is still controversy over the nature of its relationship with problematic gaming and gambling. Objectives: The aims of this scoping review are to summarize the characteristics and findings of published primary research studies about the prevalence of loot boxes and/or its relationship with problematic gaming and gambling, taking into account the operationalization of loot boxes use in these studies. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute Guidance for conducting a systematic scoping reviews and the systematic reviews and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) are followed. Searches in three academic databases provided 299 articles. Results: Sixteen primary studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All the studies were cross-sectional, only four used samples of adolescents and males were overrepresented in ten of the samples. The annual purchase prevalence rate in gamers is higher in adults than in adolescents (22.7 - 44.2% and 20 - 33.9%, respectively), but in general samples (gamers and non-gamers) it is just the opposite (from 24.9% among 13-14 to 7.8% in adults). Prevalence rates are also higher in the samples made up of gamers and gamblers and in studies that measured monthly or lifetime prevalence. In general, studies suggest a positive and significant relationship between loot boxes and problematic gaming and gambling. Conclusions: The overrepresentation of male adults with gaming and/or gambling problems in study samples do not allow to generalize their results. An enhanced standardization in measurements and methods for future research in this field is recommended. Also, further longitudinal research is needed to improve the understanding of these problems.
Sheltered Instructional Observational Protocol Model in Digital Teaching EFL Students in Ukraine
Authors: Solodka Anzhelika , Zaskaleta Svitlana , Moroz Tetiana , Demianenko Olha
Published: May 2021

Digital teaching has become an alternative way to replace the conventional learning process in COVID pandemic time. Educators explore different language achievement strategies to assist students on the way to academic success. One of the approaches the teachers can benefit from significantly is instructional modal – the Sheltered Instructional Observational Protocol (SIOP). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of SIOP instructional strategies in this digital teaching of EFL students. The study was conducted at the undergraduate level for English language learners in the Faculty of Philology, V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University of Mykolaiv, Ukraine. The researchers conducted the study in the first semester of 2020. The contribution of this study is to evaluate experience of teachers in instructional strategies and to assess their effectiveness in digital teaching. The study analyzes the responses of twenty-five teachers and 63 students to the SIOP-based survey. A descriptive statistical method was used to test the validation. The results of the recearch show that EFL learners are not satisfied with activities to apply language and content knowledge. The results justified that teachers need to establish active online communication with their students. The study presents some recommendations for EFL teachers to improve their professional skills by adopting the specific components of SIOP and mastering their instructional strategies in digital learning. The implementation of the SIOP Model in digital teaching could bring appropriate and meaningful resources for high school teachers as a tool for them to grow professionally in COVID pandemic time.
EFL Students Affective Attitudes towards Distance E-Learning Based on Moodle Platform during the Covid-19the Pandemic: Perspectives from Dr. MoulayTahar University of Saida, Algeria
Authors: BENADLA Djamel , Hadji Mohamed
Published: May 2021

The practice of the online learning system in Algeria is novel. However, with the spread of Covid 19, Algerian universities have been compelled to undertake remote and digital teaching. The University of Dr. MoulayTahar in Saida has arbitrarily hastened in implementing E-learning as an alternative teaching measure to maintain both positive educational outcomes and keep students safe and healthy. This research purports to examine how the University of Dr. MoulayTahar in Saida has used Moodle platform to facilitate the teaching process during the Covid 19. This paper, therefore, stresses the issues of distance e-learning that challenge both teachers and students alike. The researchers attempt to answer the following question: What are the affective attitudes of EFL students towards distance learning assisted with Moodle Platform during the Coronavirus? To supply an adequate answer to the raised question, the researchers have selected a sample of 157 participants. The researchers collected data through a questionnaire and delivered copies to the participants. The findings revealed that both the teachers and the learners were not well prepared for an online learning experience. That there are more disadvantages than advantages. The results of the research conveyed that the technical skills, the teachers’ lack of experience as well as the social situation of the students have made E. learning a complex process. The analysis also revealed that Master students have negative attitudes towards e-learning, and they would prefer face-to-face interaction in the classroom and handouts more than virtual learning.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Apocalyptic Literature: An Analysis of Margret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake at the time of Coronavirus
Authors: Akhter Tawhida
Published: May 2021

Literature has been an imitator of life for generations on this earth, this literature has voiced the voiceless. Recent contemporary and postmodern literary theories have catered to burgeoning notions of logic that go beyond human survival on the planet. Science fiction is a genre of fiction that encompasses imaginative concepts like futuristic scientific-technological settings, faster than light, past and future spatial time travel, the existence of parallel universes and extraterrestrial life etc. An outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was declared as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. During this crisis, literature also plays an important role and apocalyptic literature has shown the disastrous consequences if humans didn’t stop their behaviour and attitude towards the world. This research project aims to take literature out of the realm of imagination and present the harsh realities of culture. This study revealed how literature represents the truth of the world that science is learning every day, and how certain inventions can have harmful effects if they are not halted in time. This research analysed the novel Oryx and Crake in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic and pointed a convincing glimpse of the future. Snowman (protagonist), known as Jimmy before humanity was overrun by science, is trying to live in a world where he might be the last human Snowman tells the tale of how Crake’s scientific ambitions contributed to the abolition of human civilization. The researcher emphasizes how the reel depicts reality and how people are to blame for the degradation of their world.
Technology, Pedagogy & Assessment: Challenges of COVID19-Imposed E-Teaching of ESP to Saudi Female PY Students
Authors: Alvi Amatul Hafeez , Bilal Syed Muhammad , Alvi Aisha Abdul Rahim
Published: May 2021

The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) triggered substantial shifts in the education systems worldwide as teaching and learning have had to shift from face-to-face to an entirely virtual model due to the closure of educational institutes. The present paper is a descriptive-analytical investigation of the challenges of the current pandemic-imposed E-teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses to female preparatory (PY) year students at King Khalid University (KKU). It identifies teachers’ and students’ responses about the ongoing issues with E-teaching of ESP with to put practical solutions to them. The study is conducted at The University Center for Girls’ Studies- Al-Samir Campus-Abha during the academic year 2020-2021. Twenty English Language instructors at the English Language Center (ELC) and eighty students of the preparatory year at the College of Medicine enrolled in Intensive English Course (Njl-019) participated in the study. It adopts mixed qualitative methodology with the teachers’ semi-structured interview and students’ questionnaire as tools to collect data, and descriptive analysis as a method to interpret data. The study finds out reciprocity of teachers’ and students’ responses in pinpointing the factors posing serious challenges in teaching and learning ESP courses as majorly related to technology, pedagogy, and Assessment. Considering these challenges, the study puts forth practical suggestions to promote virtual teaching and learning of ESP courses. The suggested solutions are hoped to help providing successful standards for virtual ESP teaching and learning as per the constraints of quality modern education.
Investigating the EFL Courses Shift into Moodle during the Pandemic of COVID–19: The case of MA Language and Communication at Mostaganem University
Authors: SARNOU Hanane , SARNOU Dallel
Published: May 2021

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all countries worldwide in all sectors, mainly in the education sector. Schools and Universities were closed. Teaching and learning were transformed from face to face environments to online platforms. In light of the latter, a pivotal query in this study was to investigate the shift of English as a foreign language (EFL) learning and teaching into Moodle online learning platform and how the delivery of online EFL courses was (un-)beneficial for students to end up the academic year. This research paper sets out to deconstruct recent calls for integrating several E-learning platforms or apps into the Algerian university. To carry out this study, we used an interview with six Algerian university teachers as a first research tool to cover all issues that arose regarding the use of MOODLE e-learning platform imposed by the Ministry of Higher Education. Another target in this paper is to uncover the main difficulties our colleagues have faced during the confinement. The second research tool we used in this survey was an online class observation followed by six questions on Moodle, the Google Meet app, and a closed Facebook group. We chose 24 MA Language and communication students from the English language department of Mostaganem University to reveal the obstacles they faced throughout the Covid- 19 Pandemic. The results showed that both teachers and students are ready to access various online platforms or apps as alternatives such as Zoom, Google Meet and Facebook closed groups to continue teaching and learning English.
The Use of Hypermedia Technologies in Higher Education Institutions during Covid Lockdown
Authors: Vasylivna* Koliasa Olena , Lelet Iryna , Serebriakova Valeriia , Yukhymets Svitlana
Published: May 2021

The World Wide Web continuously provides rapid access to information, and numerous information resources, virtually unlimited. The convenience and interactivity of its usage encourage people to turn to it in the educational process rather often while teaching or studying unfamiliar topics. Hypertext resources of different kinds have become a virtual educational environment. They offer new opportunities for structuring, presenting, adapting, and integrating contemporary learning materials. Besides, hypermedia technologies have made a considerable breakthrough in the educational process, particularly in self-education, combining hitherto incompatible elements. The article focuses on practical experience in the introduction of hypertext in the educational process of higher education institutions in general and during pandemic periods, in particular, the world faces nowadays. In the course of the research, it was emphasized that such technologies are pretty significant in implementing distance learning. Hypermedia technologies create especially suitable conditions for the independent acquisition and quality assimilation of the necessary information, which can be easily integrated into the educational process. The provided analysis of the implementation of e-learning materials based on hypertext and multimedia tools made it possible to point out the advantages and disadvantages of the described technologies (compared to traditional usage of printed textbooks), thus identifying their didactic potential. They became especially of great importance during the coronavirus lockdown.
Tapping into Bloom Taxonomy’s Higher-Order Cognitive Processes: The Case for Multiple Choice Questions as a Valid Assessment Tool in the ESP Classroom
Authors: Lenchuk Iryna , Ahmed Amer
Published: May 2021

This article describes the results of Action Research conducted in an ESP classroom of Dhofar University located in Oman. Following the call of Oman Vision 2040 to emphasize educational practices that promote the development of higher-order cognitive processes, this study raises the following question: Can an online multiple choice question (MCQ) quiz tap into the higher-order cognitive skills of apply, analyze and evaluate? This question was also critical at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when Omani universities switched to the online learning mode. The researchers administered an online MCQ quiz to 35 undergraduate students enrolled in an ESP course for Engineering and Sciences. The results showed that MCQ quizzes could be developed to tap into higher-order thinking skills when the stem of the MSQ is developed as a task or a scenario. The study also revealed that students performed better on MCQs that tap into low-level cognitive skills. This result can be attributed to the prevalent practice in Oman to develop assessment tools that tap only into a level of Bloom’s taxonomy, which involves the cognitive process of retrieving memorized information. The significance of the study lies in its pedagogical applications. The study calls for the use of teaching and assessment practices that target the development of higher-order thinking skills, which is aligned with the country’s strategic direction reflected in Oman vision 2040.
Innovative Practices in Instructor E-feedback: A Case Study of E-feedback given in Three Linguistic Courses during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: AbuSa’aleek Atef O. , Shariq Mohammad
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the instructor’s electronic feedback practices during the COVID 19 Pandemic in terms of the nature of the content of e-feedback, the formulation, the challenges, and the multimodal nature of the instructor’s e-feedback. This study used a qualitative case study to obtain data from the instructor’s e-feedback in three linguistic courses as delivered, practiced by the single English language instructor. The instructor’s e-feedback via Blackboard and WhatsApp platform and the follow-up interview were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that (1) the highest number of instructor’s e-feedback focused on global issues as compared to local issues, (2) the instructor composed his e-feedback in the form of eight main categories: explanations, suggestions, clarifications, questioning, repetitions, statements, praises, and commands, (3) the instructor used more screencasts for providing e-feedback, followed by written and audio modes respectively. The thematic analysis (4) revealed the instructor’s positive impression on providing e-feedback through these interactive modes (written, audio, and screencast) and a range of challenging issues such as students’ preference issues, technical issues, timing issues, financial and areal issues. This study is significant because it provides us with a comprehensive picture of the patterns of the feedback content, the formulation of the e-feedback, the multimodality of the instructor’s e-feedback, and the significant issues that emerged from the instructor’s e-feedback practices. However, further research should include a relative group of instructors to determine the impact of e-feedback on learners.
English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Positive Outcomes
Authors: Al-Samiri Reem A.
Published: May 2021

The pandemic of 2020 was a watershed moment for all educators worldwide as schools and universities were forced to close their doors to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Thus, a new movement towards widespread e-learning emerged with unknown consequences for learners and educators alike. The situation in Saudi Arabia was no exception. The purpose of this study is to explore how English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning at the tertiary level in Saudi Arabia was impacted negatively and positively by the move to online learning. It reviews research published since the onset of the pandemic, with a specific focus on English language teaching at Saudi universities, to analyze the challenges faced by Saudi EFL teachers and learners since the shift to e-learning. One of the biggest challenges observed was students’ lack of motivation, which upon further review was found to be linked to other contributing factors, such as technological issues, inapt learning environments, and students’ mental health. This paper also examines the unforeseen positive outcomes resulting from the digital transformation, including the benefits of the flexibility of place and time and promotion of particular language skills. The current research synthesis will help contribute to the knowledge of online English teaching in the Saudi context
Schulleitung in Deutschland. Repräsentative Befunde zur Attraktivität, zu Karrieremotiven und zu Arbeitsplatzwechselabsichten
Authors: Cramer Colin , Groß Ophoff Jana , Pietsch Marcus , Tulowitzki Pierre
Published: May 2021

Dieser Beitrag stellt repräsentative Befunde zu Karrieren von Schulleitung in Deutschland vor. Ein knappes Drittel der Lehrpersonen hat bereits über eine Schulleitungsposition nachgedacht, diesen Weg aber vorwiegend aus Gründen der Zufriedenheit mit der pädagogischen Arbeit und der befürchteten Beanspruchung nicht verfolgt. Schulleitungen ergreifen das Amt zuvorderst, um mehr Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, Verantwortung und Autonomie zu haben. Trotz einer hohen Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit insgesamt zieht derzeit ein Fünftel der Schulleitungen in Deutschland einen Arbeitsplatzwechsel in Erwägung. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund des virulenten Mangels an Schulleitungen diskutiert.