bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Study on Market Potential and Market Chain for Seaweed in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Wabang Imanuel Lamma , Plaimo Paulus Edison , Hendrizal Andri , Alelang Isak Feridikson , Peny Theresia Lounggina Luisa
Published: June 2022

Seaweed is a significant economic product that should be promoted. A transparent trading system, which is intended to support the growth and development of seaweed production on a greater scale, is one of the main criteria for providing stronger value to cultivators. This is a benefit that the Indonesian people, in general, can take advantage of to their fullest potential. In June 2021, a survey will be conducted in Alor Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, to map market potential and market chains. Seaweed farmers and traders interested in seaweed marketing made up the study’s population. The sampling method used the snowball sampling method, namely the first level sampling, in this case, was seaweed farmers determined by simple random sampling, while the next sample, in this case, was traders determined by farmers where farmer s who had selected are identified (excavated data). The goal of doing a market chain research and business strategy for seaweed commodities is to have a more complete picture of the potential, obstacles, and restrictions of developing seaweed production in the Alor Regency. Based on observations and interviews with farmers, it appears that the seaweed marketing chain begins with producers as seaweed farmers, followed by middleman traders (village collectors), i. e. traders who buy directly from village farmers. Also, there are inter-island collectors/collectors (PAP), who are traders who purchase seaweed from middlemen/seaweed collector traders and also farmers, most of whom are based in Alor, the sub-district capital. Collector traders have a great deal of money, so they can keep seaweed temporarily as they wait for a reasonable price or a better price.
Veris 3100 Application for Determining the Fertility of Rice Fields Before Land Preparation
Authors: Setiawan RPA , Desrial  , Solahudin M , Astika I W , Widodo S , Danindra D
Published: June 2022

Agriculture 4.0 demands the continuous development of technology and science in agriculture. Agriculture 4.0 applies the use of the latest technology to increase efficiency in agriculture both in terms of on-farm and off-farm. Provision of fertilizers and plant nutrients is an important factor in plant growth, but the fertilizer and nutrient needs of each block of the plant have different amounts depending on the condition of the soil condition and environment such as local climate. Generally physical and chemical measurements of soil done in laboratory which are laborious in sampling, takes a long time for analysis and costly. Nowadays there are some EC, PH, moisture sensor based on probe. However, this method cannot give results in real time also. Electrical conductivity of the soil (EC) has closed relation with physical and chemical properties of soil. Veris-3100 is one instrument that can measure EC for those purposes. This paper describes the correlation of measured EC by Veris-3100 and spot measurements of soil bulk density, cone index, pH and measured EC by probes.
Preliminary Assessment of Land Quality Index of the Paddy Field Around Jember Regency
Authors: Sari Putri Tunjung , Mandala Marga , Cahyono Bowo Eko
Published: June 2022

Land conversion causes a decrease in the occupation of paddy fields areas. Furthermore, the existing paddy fields that are mismanaged cause land degradation also. This study assesses the land quality index (LQI) in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The novelty of this research is that it combines the assessment of soil and land parameters (terrain, topography, climate, irrigation infrastructure, erosion, and flooding). Input data for this study consist of land cover, soil type, and slope maps. The procedure includes (1) spatial analysis to create the unit soil map area, (2) preparing soil sampling, (3) field survey, (4) soil chemical analysis in the laboratories, (5) scoring of paddy field condition, (6) principal component analysis and (7) classification. The PCA results show that three variables ( i.e., slope, irrigation infrastructure, and flood hazard) strongly correlate to LQI. Then, four classes (very low, low, medium, and reasonable) of LQI describe the spatial variability of the paddy field. The results show that about 1.05% of the paddy field area is categorised in a shallow LQI class. Then a low-class LQI covers approximately 13.83%, a medium-class about 42.92%, and 42.2 % of the paddy field categorised as the good LQI. Management of irrigation infrastructure and planting perennials in upstream areas can be carried out to improve land quality.
Land cover and vegetation mapping of tropical forest areas using a very high-resolution image in Central Borneo
Authors: Irsyam Mahrus , Indarto Indarto , Putra Bayu Taruna Wijaya , Soekarno Siswoyo
Published: June 2022

This study analyses and compares land cover (LC) classification results of tropical forested areas in Central Borneo using very high-resolution imagery. The Pleiades image (spatial resolution less than 1m per pixels) is used as the primary input in this study. A neural network -multilayer perceptron (NN-MLP) algorithm is used and is compared with two well-known pixelbased classification algorithms, i.e., Maximum Likelihood classifier (MLC) and ECHO (Extraction and Classification of Homogeneous Objects). The ECHO is varied using (2x2; 4x4; and 6x6) homogeneous pixel group. The study covers an area of 162.60 km2 located in Central Borneo. The classification result produces nine (9) land cover classes, i.e., pavement, sparse vegetation, dense vegetation, bare land, palm oil plantation, mixture grass, sand, mining area, and water body. Classification using NN-MLP, MLC and ECHO produced kappa and overall accuracies of more than 90%. In general, the three algorithms can produce a relatively similar area extend for each class.
Effect of chemometrics to accuracy of NIR spectroscopy in predicting total soluble solid and hardness of dragon fruit
Authors: Budiastra I W , Dzikri M R S
Published: June 2022

NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics were assessed to determine the total soluble solids (TSS) and hardness of the dragon fruit nondestructively. Dragon fruit reflectance (n=117) were measured nondestructively by FT NIR spectrometer, and after that TSS and hardness of dragon fruit were measured destructively with digital refractometer and rheometer, respectively. Six spectra pretreatments and some number of PLS factors were applied to analyze the chemometrics effect to NIRS accuracy in predicting TSS and hardness of dragon fruit. The values of reflectance spectra of dragon fruit are high in 1000-1400 nm and after that decrease gradually. On the contrary, the values of absorption spectra are low in 1000-1400 nm, but in 1400-2500 nm the values are high with high variation. The hardness range of dragon fruit is 8.73-24.91 N and TSS of 9.20-17.60 brix. Reflectance spectra is better than absorption spectra in predicting TSS and hardness of dragon fruit. Only detrending spectra pretreatment increased the accuracy of NIR spectroscopy in predicting TSS of dragon fruit. However, there is no spectral pretreatment that can improve accuracy in predicting dragon fruit hardness. Increasing the number of PLS factors may increase the accuracy for a while but after that it decreases. The best chemometrics to determine TSS of dragon fruit is using detrending pretreatment of reflectance spectra and 16 PLS factors (r=0.93, SEP=0.66 brix, RPD=2.09). For hardness, the best chemometrics is using original reflectance spectra and 17 PLS factors (r=0.89, SEP=1.75 N, RPD=2.02). NIR Spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used to predict TSS and hardness of dragon fruit accurately and nondestructively.
Vis/NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive method in detecting soybean seeds viability
Authors: Saputri Devi Alicia Surya , Fahri Reza Pahlawan M , Murti Betty M. A. , Masithoh Rudiati Evi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to use study the potency of the modular Vis/NIR spectroscopy for determining viability of soybean seeds. Vis/NIR spectra of soybean seeds were collected and analysed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for discriminating non-viable soybean seeds from viable ones. The optimal classification models developed were compared with various spectral pre-processing methods. The result showed that the modular Vis/NIR spectroscopy performed perfectly (Accuracy and Reliability of 100%) in detecting soybean viability. The study showed that the Vis/NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis are potential for rapid detection of viability of soybean seeds.
Development of Deep Learning Models on the Navigation System for Assistant Harvesting Robot
Authors: Halim M H A , Subrata D M , Widodo S , Solahudin M
Published: June 2022

Greenhouse farming can be more profitable if automation, computer and robotics technologies are applied to its environment. One of the robots specifically designed for the greenhouse environment is the robot for support harvesting process. The robot has the function of following the harvester and can carry the harvested product. This study has developed a navigation system for assistant robot using object detection based on deep learning. The image processing program uses the Python programming language and the deep learning models that have been tested on robots are SSD-MobileNet v2, Pednet, and Multiped. The deep learning model runs on the Jetson Nano device. The best detection results on SSD-MobileNet v2 with mean average precision of model is 72.7% and the sample detection accuracy is 88%.
Estimation of Potassium Nutrient Content in Tea Plants Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery
Authors: Dwiputra A , Seminar K B , Sudradjat
Published: June 2022

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a plantation crop commodity that has a significant role in Indonesian tea industry. Currently, the determination of a single dose of potassium fertilizer on a tea plant begins with soil and leaf laboratory analysis. The cost of laboratory analysis for testing nutritional content of potassium in a tea plant has always been a challenge for many farmers. the necessity of minimizing the estimate of nutritional content of potassium in tea plants affordably and accurately is the goal of this study. This study aims to estimate the nutrient content of potassium in tea plants using sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The study began by sampling tea leaves and taking satellite images. The data obtained were then correlated with multiple linear regression analysis to create a model. The model obtained is K%= 0.619 + 0.001876 b3 - 0.001264 b4 -0.000201 b8, using the grouped data for the maximum time distance of sampling with image acquisition for 5 days and processed using backward regression method. The coefficient of determination (R-sq) obtained is classified as moderate at 50.18%. the model was validated and well characterized in making estimates with a MAPE percentage of 15.18% and a correctness of 84.82%.
Application of 3D reconstruction system based on close-range photogrammetry method for plant growth estimation
Authors: Putro A W , Nugroho A P , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T
Published: June 2022

Plant growth monitoring is an important aspect of precision agriculture implementation. The monitoring can be performed by estimating the volume by the result of Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by using Close-range Photogrammetry. However, to present the functionality of the system for plant growth behavior, it is necessary to evaluate its accuracy and performance. In this study, a plant growth estimation system based on non-contact measurement using the Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) method for volume estimation of Chinese cabbage was developed to measure the growth. The objective of this study was to apply a 3D reconstruction system using the CRP method for validating volume variation and estimate the rate of growth of Chinese cabbage. This system consists of Canon 700D’s DSLR camera and camera stabilizer. The stage of image processing using 3DF’s Zephyr Pro photogrammetric software for generating 3D models. For the validation purposes and its functionality for modelling and estimating volumetric objects, Chinese cabbage with four size variations at different ages was used (14, 21, 28, and 35 Days After Transplant). As the result, the developed system could observe and generate the plant in a three-dimensional manner resemble the actual plant model. Farther the volumetric validation could be obtained with the result of R2
of 0,9991, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 26,08 cm3 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 10,43%. From the result, the system could be used for generating plants into 3D objects and its accuracy of measurement is quite good. Further improvements in accuracy need to be made for precise measurements as well as validation for other crop types.
Design and Simulation of Oil Palm FFB Loading Machine
Authors: Desrial  , Muhammad K
Published: June 2022

The process of loading the fresh fruit bunches of oil palm to the truck requires a lot of manpower if it is done manually. In fact, either the palm oil plantation or the smallholder palm oil farmer still performs this task manually, so that it can lead to fatigue and can result in injuries for the worker due to heavy workload. The purpose of this research is to design and simulate a machine for lifting the fresh fruit bunches to the truck, so that the activities of lifting the fresh fruit bunches to the truck become easier and can have a bigger working capacity. This research was conducted using a functional and structural design approach consisting of several stages, including: problem identification, design concept formulation, engineering analysis, engineering drawings, material strength analysis, kinematics simulation, power consumption simulation, and digital scale simulation. A simple structure of electric motor-driven bucket elevator was designed to load the fresh fruit bunches on to the truck tailgate. Based on the simulation results, the fresh fruit bunches can be lifted up satisfactorily from the bottom to the top with an elevator mechanism. This elevator is designed with lightweight for easy installation and kept at the tailgate of the truck. The maximum electric power consumption for lifting the fresh fruit bunches was found to be 1466.24 watts with designed loading capacity 23 ton/hour.
Coating Application to Extend the Shelf Life of Sweet Potatoes cv. Cilembu
Authors: Darmawati E , Ekawati M
Published: June 2022

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. Cilembu (Cilembu) is one of the commodities listed in Geographical Indications (IG) with number IDIG000000019. The specialty of Cilembu is that it tastes sweet like honey, making it attractive to the export market. The export market distribution process takes a relatively long time, so treatment is needed to maintain quality. Coating application is one of the efforts to slow down the process of respiration and transpiration which causes a decrease in quality. The purpose of the study was to determine the best coating application made from aloe vera flour and carrageenan in maintaining the quality of Cilembu sweet potato. The stages of the research were sample preparation, coating solution making, application of coating, and observation for 30 days of shelf life. The concentration of coating solution was aloe vera (AL) 1% and 2%, and carrageenan (K) 0.01% and 0.02%. The best coating formulation was selected based on quality parameters of Cilembu, namely browning index, weight loss, total dissolved solids and hardness. Based on the value of these parameters, AL2K2 coating (combination of 2% aloe vera and 0.02% carrageenan) is the best coating formulation that can minimize quality loss after 30 days of room temperature storage (27°C-30°C). The application of AL2K2 coating can maintain a browning index of 2.3, weight loss of 7.82%, total dissolved solids 15.2 °brix, and hardness of 5.59 kgf while the control (without treatment) value of these quality parameters are 4.30, 9.59%, 14.4 °brik, and 5.52 kgf for each of these parameters
Heavy metals analysis (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr) and calcium in Padang and Padang Panjang fresh cow’s milk
Authors: Ketut Budaraga I , Salihat Rera Aga
Published: June 2022

Cow’s milk is important in a healthy food intake because of its high calcium content. However, the contamination in milk can be harmful to health. The acidity of cow’s milk decreases with the increase of heavy metals concentration that is poisonous to the body. This research aims to investigate the content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr) and minerals Ca contained in fresh cow’s milk samples from two different locations, which are Padang city and Padang Panjang city. The heavy metal content in fresh milk from these two places has never been tested. The quantitative method used in this research is Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (SSA). The average heavy metal and Ca minerals contained in samples of fresh milk from the Lubuk Minturun area are: cadmium (Cd) not detected, lead (Pb) 13.58±1.01 ppm, zinc (Zn) 28.83±1.81 ppm, copper (Cu) 1.17±0.38 ppm, chromium (Cr) not detected, and calcium (Ca) 674.00±2.46 ppm. Meanwhile, fresh milk samples from Padang Panjang area: cadmium (Cd) not detected, Pb 20.58±2.02 ppm, Zn 53.08±2.40 ppm, Cu 2.17±0.38 ppm, chromium (Cr) not detected, and Ca 504.25±2.63 ppm. All samples from both regions showed heavy metal content of Pb, Zn, and Cu which exceeded the maximum limit set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), consequently it could cause negative impacts on health when consumed. This is assumed to be caused by cattle food contamination by garbage and pesticides which requires further research.
Morphological, ecological and geographic differences between diploids and tetraploids ofSymphytum officinale(Boraginaceae) justify both cytotypes as separate species
Authors: Kobrlová Lucie , Duchoslav Martin , Hroneš Michal
Published: June 2022

Polyploidization is generally considered to be an important evolutionary driver affecting the genetic diversity, that can alter the morphology, phenology, physiology or ecology of plants, which in turn may make the taxonomy of polyploids more difficult. One such example is the Symphytum officinale complex, a polyploid species group represented by three major cytotypes: tetraploids (2n = 48), less common, geographically restricted diploids (2n = 24) and hypotetraploids (2n = 40). In most European floras only one polymorphic species, S. officinale, is widely recognized, while the particular cytotypes are usually considered conspecific. Our study provided a thorough evaluation of the ploidy level diversity, morphological and ecological variation, with a special attempt to clarify the status of ‘white-flowered’ diploids. Using flow cytometry, we identified three cytotypes: widespread tetraploids (76.1 %); less frequent diploids (23.6 %) with scattered distribution across the range of tetraploids and confined only to several areas of Europe; and extremely rare triploids (0.3 %). Diploids and tetraploids showed diffuse parapatric pattern of distribution, with only four mixed-cytotype populations (2.7 %) found, but almost entirely without triploids, suggesting reproductive isolation between di- and tetraploids. Niche of diploids falls nearly completely within the niche of tetraploids that showed niche expansion. Tetraploids also showed a shift in niche optimum towards a less continental and colder climate, coupled with expansion to more disturbance-prone sites with higher nutrient availability. Diploids were clearly distinguishable morphologically from tetraploids. The morphological differentiation of studied cytotypes appears to be taxonomically significant, especially in combination with ecological differences and the apparent presence of hybridization barriers. Both cytotypes should be treated as separate species (i.e. S. bohemicum and S. officinale s. str.).
Environmental sustainability in robotic and laparoscopic surgery: systematic review
Authors: Papadopoulou Ariadni , Kumar Niraj S , Vanhoestenberghe Anne , Francis Nader K
Published: June 2022

Background

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques are considered the gold standard of surgical interventions, but they have a high environmental cost. With global temperatures rising and unmet surgical needs persisting, this review investigates the carbon and material footprint of MIS and summarizes strategies to make MIS greener.

Methods

The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were interrogated between 1974 and July 2021. The search strategy encompassed surgical setting, waste, carbon footprint, environmental sustainability, and MIS. Two investigators independently performed abstract/full-text reviews. An analysis of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted per ton of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) or waste produced was generated.

Results

From the 2456 abstracts identified, 16 studies were selected reporting on 5203 MIS procedures. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ranged from 6 kg to 814 kg CO2e per case. Carbon footprint hotspots included production of disposables and anaesthetics. The material footprint of MIS ranged from 0.25 kg to 14.3 kg per case. Waste-reduction strategies included repackaging disposables, limiting open and unused instruments, and educational interventions. Robotic procedures result in 43.5 per cent higher GHG emissions, 24 per cent higher waste production, fewer DALYs averted per ton of CO2, and less waste than laparoscopic alternatives.

Conclusion

The increased environmental impact of robotic surgery may not sufficiently offset the clinical benefit. Utilizing alternative surgical approaches, reusable equipment, repackaging, surgeon preference cards, and increasing staff awareness on open and unused equipment and desflurane avoidance can reduce GHG emissions and waste.
Recognition of Family Life by Children Living in Kinship Care Arrangements in England
Authors: Shuttleworth Paul Daniel
Published: June 2022

Kinship care is the long-term caring arrangement within the family constellation for children who cannot remain with their birth parents. Despite being the most prevalent alternative care arrangement for children worldwide, there are significant gaps in the knowledge about kinship care and few children’s perspectives in kinship care research. This article focuses on how children’s views, understood through theories of recognition, can assist understanding their lived experiences in kinship care. The recognition of kinship care has implications on how it is supported, regulated and financed. Insights were drawn from nineteen children in England using dialogical participation and critical realism methodologies, and methods such as child-led tours, photo-elicitation and visual methods. Analysis of the children’s insights unsettles simplistic dichotomous recognition of kinship care, family, participation and childhood seen in most current UK social work policy and practice. The research also demonstrates that children’s views are worthy of further inclusion in social work policy, practice and research, especially for kinship care.
Patient-derived antibodies reveal the subcellular distribution and heterogeneous interactome of LGI1
Authors: Ramirez-Franco Jorge , Debreux Kévin , Extremet Johanna , Maulet Yves , Belghazi Maya , Villard Claude , Sangiardi Marion , Youssouf Fahamoe , El Far Lara , Lévêque Christian , Debarnot Claire , Marchot Pascale , Paneva Sofija , Debanne Dominique , Russier Michael , Seagar Michael , Irani Sarosh R , El Far Oussama
Published: June 2022

Autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) occur in patients with encephalitis who present with frequent focal seizures and a pattern of amnesia consistent with focal hippocampal damage. To investigate whether the cellular and subcellular distribution of LGI1 may explain the localization of these features, and hence gain broader insights into LGI1’s neurobiology, we analysed the detailed localization of LGI1 and the diversity of its protein interactome, in mouse brains using patient-derived recombinant monoclonal LGI1 antibodies. Combined immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry analyses showed that LGI1 is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contact sites, most densely within CA3 regions of the hippocampus. LGI1 is secreted in both neuronal somatodendritic and axonal compartments, and occurs in oligodendrocytic, neuro-oligodendrocytic and astro-microglial protein complexes. Proteomic data support the presence of LGI1–Kv1–MAGUK complexes, but did not reveal LGI1 complexes with postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Our results extend our understanding of regional, cellular and subcellular LGI1 expression profiles and reveal novel LGI1-associated complexes, thus providing insights into the complex biology of LGI1 and its relationship to seizures and memory loss.
The G213D variant in Nav1.5 alters sodium current and causes an arrhythmogenic phenotype resulting in a multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contraction phenotype in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Calloe Kirstine , Geryk Michelle , Freude Kristine , Treat Jacqueline A , Vold Victoria A , Frederiksen Henriette Reventlow S , Broendberg Anders Krogh , Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Jensen Henrik K , Cordeiro Jonathan M
Published: June 2022

Aims

Variants in SCN5A encoding Nav1.5 are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. We aimed to determine the mechanism by which c.638G>A in SCNA5 resulting in p.Gly213Asp (G213D) in Nav1.5 altered Na+ channel function and how flecainide corrected the defect in a family with multifocal ectopic Purkinje-related premature contractions (MEPPC)-like syndrome.

Methods and results

Five patients carrying the G213D variant were treated with flecainide. Gating pore currents were evaluated in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The 638G>A SCN5A variant was introduced to human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) by CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing and subsequently differentiated to cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Action potentials and sodium currents were measured in the absence and presence of flecainide. Ca2+ transients were measured by confocal microscopy. The five patients exhibited premature atrial and ventricular contractions which were suppressed by flecainide treatment. G213D induced gating pore current at potentials negative to −50 mV. Voltage-clamp analysis in hiPSC-CM revealed the activation threshold of INa was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction resulting in a larger INa window current. The G213D hiPSC-CMs had faster beating rates compared with wild-type and frequently showed Ca2+ waves and alternans. Flecainide applied to G213D hiPSC-CMs decreased window current by shifting the steady-state inactivation curve and slowed the beating rate.

Conclusion

The G213D variant in Nav1.5 induced gating pore currents and increased window current. The changes in INa resulted in a faster beating rate and Ca2+ transient dysfunction. Flecainide decreased window current and inhibited INa, which is likely responsible for the therapeutic effectiveness of flecainide in MEPPC patients carrying the G213D variant.
The European Peace Facility and the UN Arms Trade Treaty: Fragmentation of the International Arms Control law?
Authors: Altamimi Abdulmalik M
Published: June 2022

In March 2021, the European Council set up the European Peace Facility (EPF), to serve as a legal instrument for the provision of security and peace assistance measures. It includes the supply of military and defence-related equipment to the European Union’s partner countries worldwide. The official aim of the EPF is to prevent conflict, preserve peace and strengthen international security and stability. The European Council assures its Member States that these measures will be accompanied by risk assessments and legal safeguards that respect international law, and comply with arms export control laws. However, the EPF’s biggest challenge is circumnavigating the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which primarily aims to prevent the diversion of and illicit trade in conventional arms. This article examines the legality of the EPF’s assistance measures by referring to the ATT, and the law of international responsibility. This timely analysis will be relevant to policymakers and lawyers responsible for regulating the international transfer of conventional arms.
Branching Time Axiomatized With the Use of Change Operators
Authors: Łyczak Marcin
Published: June 2022

We present a temporal logic of branching time with four primitive operators: $\exists {\mathcal {C}}$ – it may change whether; $\forall {\mathcal {C}} $ – it must change whether; $\exists \Box $ – it may be endlessly unchangeable that; and $\forall \Box $ – it must be endlessly unchangeable that. Semantically, operator $\forall {\mathcal {C}}$ expresses a change in the logical value of the given formula in every state that may be an immediate successor of the one considered, while $\exists {\mathcal {C}}$ expresses a change in the logical value of the given formula in some state that is a possible immediate successor. $\forall {\mathcal {C}} $ and $\exists {\mathcal {C}}$ are not normal operators, they are not mutually definable and have unusual properties: $\forall {\mathcal {C}} A\leftrightarrow \forall {\mathcal {C}} \neg A$ and $\exists {\mathcal {C}} A \leftrightarrow \exists {\mathcal {C}} \neg A$ are axioms. Operators $\exists \Box $ and $\forall \Box $ express endless unchangeability in some and all paths, respectively. Our axiomatization contains two infinitary rules that allow one to obtain $\exists \Box A$ from infinitely many combinations of formulas with $A, \neg , \forall {\mathcal {C}}, \land $, and to get $\forall \Box A$ from infinitely many combinations of formulas with $A, \neg , \exists {\mathcal {C}}, \land $. We show that our formalism is complete by presenting a bridge between our logic and logic $\textsf {UB}$, which is a fragment of $\textsf {CTL}$ in which until operators does not occur.
Higher proportions of a healthy gastric mucosa in healthy Japanese adults with later birth year: analysis of 41 957 participants
Authors: Saito Yoko , Kikuchi Shogo
Published: June 2022

Background

In Japan, most gastric cancers are associated with gastric mucosal atrophy caused by chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Recognizing the condition of the gastric mucosa and determining the infection status of H. pylori are important for predicting the individual risk of gastric cancer. This study aimed to determine the proportion of Japanese adults with a healthy gastric mucosa (without H. pylori infection) among 12 birth-year groups encompassing 1935–1990 by morphological images.

Methods

The gastric mucosa was classified as healthy or having gastritis based on routine double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiography. The participants included 41 957 healthy Japanese adults. Serum or urine H. pylori antibody levels were also assessed.

Results

In total, 25 424 participants had healthy mucosa without a history of H. pylori eradication. The proportions of participants with a healthy mucosa by birth year were 19.8% (57/288), 27.1% (306/1128), 32.4% (569/1756), 37.6% (1808/4811), 49.2% (3207/6522), 60.1% (3966/6550), 71.2% (5224/7342), 77.2% (5114/6624), 80.6% (3342/4149), 85.0% (1404/1652), 85.3% (302/354) and 94.7% (125/132) in 1935, 1940, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985 and after 1990, respectively (P for trend <0.01). All the participants with a healthy mucosa showed negative results in the H. pylori antibody tests.

Conclusions

The proportion of participants with normal gastric mucosa linearly increased with the birth years. The prevalence of morphologically healthy gastric mucosa could have consistently increased with decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection.
Hydrodynamic modelling of pulsation period decrease in the Mira-type variable T UMi
Authors: Fadeyev Yuri A
Published: June 2022

Pulsation period decrease during the initial stage of the thermal pulse in the helium-burning shell of the Mira-type variable T UMi is investigated with numerical methods of stellar evolution and radiation hydrodynamics. To this end, a grid of evolutionary tracks was calculated for stars with masses on the main sequence $1\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\le M_\mathrm{ZAMS}\le 2.2\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and metallicity Z = 0.01. Selected models of AGB evolutionary sequences were used for determination of the initial conditions and the time-dependent inner boundary conditions for the equations of hydrodynamics describing evolutionary changes in the radially pulsating star. The onset of period decrease during the initial stage of the thermal pulse is shown to nearly coincide with the peak helium-burning luminosity. The most rapid decrease of the period occurs during the first three decades. The pulsation period decreases due to both contraction of the star and mode switching from the fundamental mode to the first overtone. The time-scale of mode switching is of the order of a few dozen pulsation cycles. The present-day model of the Mira-type variable T UMi is the first-overtone pulsator with small-amplitude semiregular oscillations. Theoretical estimates of the pulsation period at the onset of period decrease and the rate of period change three decades later are shown to agree with available observational data on T UMi for AGB stars with masses $1.04\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\le M\le 1.48\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$.
On the nature of fast blue optical transients
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim
Published: June 2022

Short rise times of fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) require very light ejected envelopes, $M_{\rm ej} \le 10^{-1} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, much smaller than of a typical supernova. The detection by Chandra of X-ray emission in AT2020mrf of LX ∼ 1042 erg s−1 after 328 d implies total, overall dominant, X-ray energetics at the gamma-ray burst level of ∼6 × 1049 erg. We further develop a model of Lyutikov and Toonen, whereby FBOTs are the results of a late accretion-induced collapse of the product of double white dwarf (WD) merger between ONeMg WD and another WD. Small ejecta mass, and the rarity of FBOTs, results from the competition between mass-loss from the merger product to the wind, and ashes added to the core, on a time-scale of ∼103–104 yr. FBOTs proper come from central engine-powered radiation-dominated forward shock as it propagates through ejecta. All the photons produced by the central source deep inside the ejecta escape almost simultaneously, producing a short bright event. The high-energy emission is generated at the highly relativistic and highly magnetized termination shock, qualitatively similar to pulsar wind nebulae. The X-ray bump observed in AT2020mrf by SRG/eROSITA, predicted by Lyutikov and Toonen, is coming from the breakout of the engine-powered shock from the ejecta into the preceding wind. The model requires total energetics of just few × 1050 erg, slightly above the observed X-rays. We predict that the system is hydrogen poor.
Long-Term Trends in the Gender Income Gap within Couples: West Germany, 1978–2011
Authors: Haupt Andreas , Strauß Susanne
Published: June 2022

Coupled women typically have lower earnings than their male partners. This gender income gap within couples has declined over time, but we lack information about the drivers behind the decline. Here, we analyze the role of increased participation in education and the labor market, as well as changes in social policies, on the decline of the gender income gap within couples in West Germany from 1978 to 2011, using Microcensus data. We show that women’s increased labor market participation and their increased transfer incomes are the major sources of the reduction in the gap. Both trends are strongly connected to family policies. We also shed light on the role of men in the overall trend. Their increased full-time premiums and educational attainment are important counter-trends that outweigh the role of increased unemployment and part-time employment levels among men in reducing the gap.
Pelvic Ring Resuscitation Pathways
Authors: Kleweno Conor P. , Maier Ronald V.
Published: June 2022

Clinical Vignette:

A 35 year-old female is injured in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which her car is struck on the driver's side by a distracted driver. The patient is unable to self-extricate from the vehicle and she is confused at the scene. She comes directly to the trauma bay via EMS and a binder is placed in transit for suspicion of a pelvic ring injury. Upon presentation she has a GCS of 14 due to confusion, and an initial pressure of 87/50. Workup does not disclose an associated head, chest or abdominal injury and the anteroposterior pelvis radiograph demonstrates a windswept pelvis injury pattern. Despite being transfused 4 units of whole blood, her hypotension does not improve. Please describe your institution's advanced resuscitation protocol and management of this scenario, and provide the rational and support for it.
Prognostic value of MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores in double valve replacement
Authors: Yu Yu-Juan , Tse Yi-Kei , Yu Si-Yeung , Lam Lok-Yee , Li Kwan-Yu , Chen Yan , Wu Mei-Zhen , Ren Qing-Wen , Yu Shuk-Yin , Wong Pui-Fai , Tse Hung-Fat , Yiu Kai-Hang
Published: June 2022

Background:

Patients who undergo concomitant aortic and mitral double valve replacement (DVR) have poor postoperative clinical outcomes. The modified Model for End-Stage Liver Disease excluding international normalized ratio (MELD-XI) score and the modified Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score with albumin replacing international normalized ratio (MELD-albumin) score have been reported as predictors of adverse events in hepato-cardiac diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical prognostic value of the two modified Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores in patients undergoing DVR.

Methods:

A total of 210 patients undergoing DVR were evaluated. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded, and EuroSCORE II was calculated for each patient. The outcome of interest was the composite of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality.

Results:

Patients undergoing DVR had a high prevalence of hepato-renal dysfunction. During a median follow-up of 71 months, the MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores independently predicted adverse outcomes (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.09 [1.03–1.16] and 1.11 [1.06–1.16], P < 0.01, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that high MELD-XI and MELD-Albumin scores were associated with an increased risk of adverse events. MELD-Albumin provided incremental prognostic value to clinical parameters and EuroSCORE II (net reclassification index [NRI] = 0.34; P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Both the MELD-XI score and MELD-Albumin score can provide useful information to predict adverse outcomes in patients undergoing DVR. The present study supports the monitoring of modified MELD scores to improve preoperative risk stratification for these patients.
Combined lipid goal attainment in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: A head-to-head comparative trial of statins
Authors: Wu Tsung-Hui , Lee I-Te , Ho Low-Tone , Sheu Wayne H.-H. , Hwu Chii-Min
Published: June 2022

Background:

This study compared the efficacy of two statin treatments (simvastatin vs rosuvastatin) in achieving the combined goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <2.6 mmol/L and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) <3.4 mmol/L in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Methods:

After a 5-week run-in, 89 patients with type 2 diabetes having fasting triglyceride (TG) levels of 1.7 to 5.7 mmol/L or non–HDL-C levels of 3.4 to 5.2 mmol/L were randomized to receive simvastatin 20 mg daily for 4 weeks followed by 40 mg for 8 weeks or rosuvastatin 10 mg for 4 weeks followed by 20 mg for 8 weeks. The primary end-point was the percentage of patients achieving the combined goal at week 12.

Results:

Although significant between-group differences were observed in changes in LDL-C and non–HDL-C levels, both study treatments were sufficiently intensive for a 40% to 55% LDL-C reduction. At the end of the study, the two groups had similar percentages of patients who achieved the combined lipid goal (84% vs 89%, p = 0.66). All patients who attained the combined lipid goal also met the apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) target of <0.9 g/L. No between-group differences were noted in changes in HDL-C and TG levels at week 12. The patients tolerated both treatments well.

Conclusion:

In our study, ≈85% of patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia could achieve the combined lipid goal with statin monotherapy. The two statin treatments could sufficiently control diabetic dyslipidemia (NCT00506961).
Contact Dermatitis With the Homoeopathic Medicine Calendula officinalis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Mukherjee Shoma , Manjhi Mukesh
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Herbal medicines and other traditional medicines are well accepted in India and are readily available as over-the-counter preparations. With their increased use, the safety and quality of homoeopathic medicines have become a major concern for health authorities, pharmaceutical industries, and consumers. It is difficult to assess the adverse effects of homoeopathic medicines due to a lack of scientific evidence regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical trials or post-marketing surveillance.

Here, we reported a patient with contact dermatitis due to the homoeopathic medicine Calendula officinalis.

Case presentation:

A 33-year-old previously healthy woman presented with pruritus, redness, and swelling over the entire face and upper neck. The symptoms developed within about 1 hour after the use of a homoeopathic skin ointment containing 2% Calendula officinalis as the major ingredient in an aqueous base. Cutaneous examination revealed periorbital edema and facial swelling with multiple vesicular eruptions over erythematous edematous plaques on the face. A clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis was considered.

Discussion:

Many herbal preparations in India are available without safety data. Calendula officinalis extract (oil expressed from seeds) is used in various skin products. The exact allergens present in Calendula officinalis are unknown, but the flowers reportedly contain a variety of phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids that have elicited contact dermatitis.

Conclusion:

Anecdotal case reports of accidental exposure/sensitization and experimental studies provide sufficient evidence to confirm the causal relationship between contact dermatitis with Calendula Officinalis. Post-marketing surveillance of all homoeopathic medicines should be mandatory, and the availability of such preparations as over-the-counter drugs must be restricted.
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD) and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statements on Pre-invasive Vulvar Lesions
Authors: Preti Mario , Joura Elmar , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Van Beurden Marc , Bevilacqua Federica , Bleeker Maaike C. G. , Bornstein Jacob , Carcopino Xavier , Chargari Cyrus , Cruickshank Margaret E. , Erzeneoglu Bilal Emre , Gallio Niccolò , Heller Debra , Kesic Vesna , Reich Olaf , Stockdale Colleen K. , Temiz Bilal Esat , Woelber Linn , Planchamp François , Zodzika Jana , Querleu Denis , Gultekin Murat
Published: June 2022

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) developed consensus statements on pre-invasive vulvar lesions in order to improve the quality of care for patients with vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar Paget disease in situ, and melanoma in situ. For differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), an excisional procedure must always be adopted. For vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (VHSIL), both excisional procedures and ablative ones can be used. The latter can be considered for anatomy and function preservation and must be preceded by several representative biopsies to exclude malignancy. Medical treatment (imiquimod or cidofovir) can be considered for VHSIL. Recent studies favor an approach of using imiquimod in vulvar Paget’s disease. Surgery must take into consideration that the extension of the disease is usually wider than what is evident in the skin. A 2 cm margin is usually considered necessary. A wide local excision with 1 cm free surgical margins is recommended for melanoma in situ. Following treatment of pre-invasive vulvar lesions, women should be seen on a regular basis for careful clinical assessment, including biopsy of any suspicious area. Follow-up should be modulated according to the risk of recurrence (type of lesion, patient age and immunological conditions, other associated lower genital tract lesions).
Gastroschisis for the Gastroenterologist: Updates on Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Khushal Salina , Ladd Mitchell R. , Fundora Jennifer B. , Shores Darla R.
Published: June 2022

Gastroschisis is a common congenital abdominal wall defect, likely influenced by environmental factors in utero, with increasing prevalence in the United States. Early detection of gastroschisis in utero has become the standard with improved prenatal care and screening. There are multiple surgical management techniques, though sutureless closure is being used more frequently. Postoperative feeding difficulty is common and requires vigilance for complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Infants with simple gastroschisis are expected to have eventual catch-up growth and normal development, while those with complex gastroschisis have higher morbidity and mortality. Management requires collaboration amongst several perinatal disciplines, including obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, neonatology, pediatric surgery, and pediatric gastroenterology for optimal care and long-term outcomes.
Pediatric Transport–Specific Illness Severity Scores Predict Clinical Deterioration of Transported Patients
Authors: Schmidt Carly D. , Thompson Alexis N. , Welsh Sarah S. , Simas Darlene , Carreiro Patricia , Rozenfeld Ranna A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The Transport Risk Assessment in Pediatrics (TRAP) and Transport Pediatric Early Warning Scores (T-PEWS) are transport-specific pediatric illness severity scores that are adjunct assessment tools for determining disposition of transported patients. We hypothesized that these scores would predict the risk of clinical deterioration in transported patients admitted to general pediatric wards.

Methods

Activation of a rapid response team (RRT) in the first 24 hours of admission was used as a marker of deterioration. All pediatric transports between March 2017 and February 2020 admitted via critical care transport were included. Transports to the emergency department (ED) were excluded. This retrospective chart review evaluated TRAP and T-PEWS scores at 3 points: (1) arrival of transport team at referring hospital, (2) admission to the children’s hospital, and (3) RRT activation, if occurring within 24 hours of admission.

Results

There were 1137 team transports during this period. Three hundred ninety-nine patients transported to the ED were excluded, leaving 738 included patients; 405 (55%) admitted to the general wards and 333 (45%) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Twenty-five patients admitted to the wards (6%) had an RRT activation within 24 hours of admission. Statistical analysis used 2-sample t tests. There was a statistically significant difference in scores for ward admissions between those who had RRT activation and those who did not.

Conclusions

Both TRAP and T-PEWS can be used to predict the risk of clinical deterioration in transported patients admitted to general wards. These scores may assist in assessing which patients admitted to the wards need closer observation.