bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching The Holy Quran to Young Learners (7-12 Years Old)
Authors: Irlina Andi
Published: August 2019

Teaching the holy Qur’an to young learners is very important to keep children healthiness, physically or mentally. Young learner teacher should employ several techniques or methods that interest children. This article explores some methods for teaching the holy Quran to young learner. The teachers should provide the appropriate way, techniques or methods in teaching how to read and how to memorize the holy Qur’an well, appropriate techniques and methods can help children to be able to learn or memorize the holy Qur’an easily such as Baghdadiyah method, Iqra, qiro’ati, albarqy, tilawati, and hambalis method. In teaching recitation and memorization of the Qur’an to young learners the methods are talqin musyafahah and takrir methods, deposited method, and muraja’ah method (repetition).
İnsan biyolojik materyalinin araştırma amaçlı olarak kullanılması ile ilgili araştırmacı ve araştırma etik kurul sorumluluğu
Authors: BÜKEN Nüket
Published: August 2019

Laboratuvar
hekimleri sıklıkla, kapasiteleri ölçüsünde yeteneklerine göre klinisyen,
araştırmacı ve sağlık savunucusu olarak farklı roller oynamaktadır. Hastayla
direkt temasta bulunmuyor olsalar da, “meçhul” laboratuvar hekimlerinin ilk ve
en önemli görevi “yüzü bilinmeyen” ve sadece bir sayı ile ifade edilen hastası
için, en uygun olanı, en doğru şekilde yapmak olacaktır. Laboratuvar hekimi
hastayla ilgili kişisel bilgilere sahip olmasa da, hastanın en azından bir
parçasıyla yakın temastadır, biyolojik örnekle güçlü bir ilişki kurulmuştur ve
dolayısıyla bu alışılmadık sözleşme klinisyen, laboratuvar hekimi ve biyolojik
örneğin sahibi olan hasta arasında kurulmuştur.Tıbbi
ilerlemeler, her zaman insan bedenleri ve insan doku örnekleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen
eğitim süreçlerine güvendi. Son yıllarda, insan organ, doku ve genetik
materyallerinin Dünya çapında toplanması ve depolanması ile  "insan doku arşivi" olarak bilinen,
geniş kaynak ve sayısız önemli tıbbi buluşlar sağlanmıştır. Bu biyolojik
arşivler araştırma kaynağı olarak kullanılmaya devam ettiği sürece insanlık
ilerleyecektir.

Biyolojik materyallerin
saklanmasındaki teknik olanakların gelişimi yanında, biyolojik verilerin
dijital ortamda işlenmesi ve bilgisayar teknolojilerindeki yenilikler de
örneklere ait verilerin toplanmasını, izlenmesini ve üzerinde her türlü
analizin yapılmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Biyobankalar arasındaki veri akışının
etkin bir biçimde yapılabilmesi, çok odaklı bilimsel araştırmaları
kolaylaştıran bir etkendir ve bu nedenle ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde
biyobankaların belirli standartlara uygun olarak işlev görmeleri sağlanmaya
çalışılmaktadır. Biyobankacılığın hızla gelişmesi ve giderek daha da karmaşık
bir yapıya bürünmesi sonucunda bilinen temel etik konular dışında yeni etik
sorunlarla da  karşılaşılmaktadır.
Evaluation of knowledge and behaviors of students in faculty of medicine towards rational drug use
Authors: KUKULA Osman
Published: August 2019

AbstractAim: The study was conducted to
determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of university students on
rational drug use. In recent years, non-rational drug use has become a global
problem.Material and Methods: The developed questionnaire was
applied to 640 medical school students, who agreed to participate in the study,
with face-to-face interview technique. The questionnaire has items to question
the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of individuals regarding the rational drug
use. Results:
Of the study group, 54.6% (n=350) uses medicines only prescribed by physicians,
87.5% (n=560) uses drugs in accordance with the prescription, and 27.5% (n=176)
stated to store medications under appropriate conditions. Of the respondents,
16.0% (n=103) was taking antibiotics on their own on complaints such as
influenza and common cold, 15.5% (n=101) was taking vitamin and mineral
supplements every day regularly, and 57.5% (n=368) had never used
vitamin-mineral supplements regularly.

Conclusion:
Non-rational drug use leads to decrease in adherence to treatment, drug
interactions, resistance to certain drugs, recurrence or prolongation of the
diseases, increased frequency of adverse conditions and increased treatment
costs for patients. Of the respondents, 27.66% stated that he/she did not waste
any medication, but the remaining 72.34% was wasting drugs more or less. The
81.56% rate of "Yes" response to the question "Would you like to
receive training on rational drug use?", despite the 19.22%
"Yes" to the "Have you received training on rational drug
use?" in our study suggests that there is a need for more education on
rational drug use.
The Nurses Climate Challenge: A National Campaign to Engage 5,000 Health Professionals around Climate Change
Authors: Demorest Shanda , Spengeman Sarah , Schenk Elizabeth , Cook Cara , Weston Hermine Levey
Published: August 2019

Climate change poses significant threats to human health and worsens existing inequities. The health sector is a significant contributor to climate change, making up approximately 10% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Yet most nurses do not learn about the health dangers of climate change in their education or in practice, and therefore are ill-equipped to lead action on climate change. When educated about climate change, nurses can effectively lead climate adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed at creating healthier populations. As the most trusted professionals and making up 40% of the health-care workforce, nurses have the potential to impact behavior change and launch a movement around climate solutions. Health Care Without Harm and the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments partnered on the “Nurses Climate Challenge” with the aim of nurses educating 5,000 health professionals on climate and health. In the Nurses Climate Challenge, nurses register as Nurse Climate Champions and gain access to online resources to plan and host educational sessions about climate change. After educating, Nurse Climate Champions return to the online platform to track their progress. Within 10 months, over 540 Nurse Climate Champions from 6 continents, 16 countries, and 42 U.S. states registered for access to the resources. To date, the champions have educated over 5,250 colleagues and students about climate and health. Based on early metrics, this model of education and engagement around climate action may be applicable for other disciplines in health care and beyond.
Environmental Stewardship in Nursing: Introducing the “WEACT-PLEASE” Framework
Authors: Schenk Elizabeth C.
Published: August 2019

This article introduces a framework for environmental stewardship in nursing practice, the WE ACT-PLEASE framework. The framework describes five content domains of pollution from health-care sources: Waste, Energy/water, Agriculture/food, Chemicals, and Transportation (WE ACT). It identifies six key professional elements: Professional Obligation, Leadership, Education, Accountability, Science, and Engagement (PLEASE). The framework is positioned within a global context of planetary health and planetary-level environmental harm. The framework image includes directional arrows, pointing nurses toward environmentally safe and healthy practice, decreasing pollution and planetary-level disruptions such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. This framework provides structure and guidance to help nurses decrease harm from practice, meet professional obligations, and create a healthier world.
PODER, CENTRALIDADE E EMBEDDEDNESS COMO MECANISMOS PARA AUMENTAR A EFICIÊNCIA DE CAPTURA DO CONHECIMENTO DAS SUBSIDIÁRIAS EM SUAS REDES LOCAIS
Authors: Isaac Victor Ragazzi , Barcelos Eduardo Jorge Branco Vieira , Ogasavara Mario Henrique
Published: August 2019

A literatura de Negócios Internacionais enfatiza as relações interorganizacionais em redes de negócios, baseadas no embeddedness, como mecanismo para uma empresa multinacional melhorar seu desempenho. Entretanto, uma análise aprofundada da literatura mostra que o embeddedness por si só é insuficiente para que as subsidiárias obtenham vantagem competitiva local. Assim, buscando compreender melhor esta questão, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com 45 artigos que abordam três constructos centrais em redes: embeddedness, poder e centralidade. A análise sugere uma lacuna nos estudos sobre poder e centralidade da subsidiária em sua rede externa. Portanto, por meio de um modelo conceitual, mas com aplicação gerencial, este artigo sugere que a subsidiária utilize de forma integrada embeddedness, poder e centralidade de modo a otimizar o acesso aos recursos tangíveis e intangíveis e reduzir os conflitos da rede local necessários para obter vantagem competitiva específica (SSA) e global (FSA).
INFLUÊNCIA DAS CONEXÕES POLÍTICAS E DA EVIDENCIAÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL NO CUSTO DE CAPITAL
Authors: Koprowski Sirlene , Krein Viviane , Barichello Rodrigo , Mazzioni Sady , Baú Dal Magro Cristian
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do estudo é verificar a influência das conexões políticas e da evidenciação socioambiental no custo de capital das empresas. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta de 275 empresas listadas na B3. Os achados revelam que: a) o nível de evidenciação socioambiental influencia positivamente o custo de capital das empresas, principalmente o custo de capital de terceiros; b) as conexões políticas, isoladamente, influenciam negativamente o custo de capital próprio e positivamente o custo de capital de terceiros; c) e moderam negativamente, a relação entre a evidenciação socioambiental e o custo de capital próprio. Portanto, as conexões políticas reduzem o retorno dos acionistas, criam restrições pelas instituições de crédito que exigem maior custo de capital e tornam-se maléficas para as empresas, ao coibirem o efeito das práticas socioambientais no retorno de capital próprio.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA EM RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO E GESTÃO DE PESSOAS (2000/2017)
Authors: Gemelli Catia Eli , Mendonça Fraga Aline , Amaral Prestes Vanessa
Published: August 2019

As conexões entre Relações de Trabalho (RT) e Gestão de Pessoas (GP) são inevitáveis, visto que ambas envolvem interações em contexto de trabalho. Este estudo objetivou mapear a produção científica das áreas, dos anos 2000 a 2017, dos artigos indexados na base de dados Web of Science (WoS). A partir de análise bibliométrica quantitativa-descritiva, examinou-se o comportamento da literatura nacional e internacional em relação a sua distribuição temporal, por idioma e por periódicos, bem como frequência de autoria e de palavras-chaves. Como principais resultados, evidenciam-se: crescimento expressivo nas publicações; predomínio de publicações e periódicos em inglês e oriundos do Reino Unido e da América do Norte; e prevalência do inglês como língua de origem dos principais autores. Como temáticas destacaram-se: relações com os sindicatos, inovação e estudos focados em países com economia em expansão (no contexto internacional); mercado de trabalho, sustentabilidade, cultura e clima organizacional, diversidade, expatriação (no contexto nacional).
STATUS ZINC DAN PERAN SUPLEMENTASI ZINC TERHADAP SISTEM IMUN PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
[Zinc Status and The Role of Zinc Supplementation on Immune System in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Systematic Review]

Authors: Maulia Putri Hersya , Farapti Farapti
Published: August 2019

Zinc has a potential role in defense system by taking control in immunity cells activity. Zinc is a micro-nutrient that attains in such prominence as a co-factor for hundred enzymes and inducing nutritional metabolism. In condition of HIV infection, low plasma zinc level can inhibit T cell establishment, then decreasing humoral and cellular immunity. Furthermore, zinc plasma defi ciency will impact the disease progression thus increasing mortality rate. Based on several studies, giving zinc supplementation to HIV/AIDS patient still shows controversial results. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze zinc status in HIV/AIDS patients and examine the effect of zinc supplementation related to immunity status. The method of the study was conducted comprehensive searches on adults HIV infected aged >18 years who underwent outpatient care or hospitalized that received single zinc supplementation or in multivitamin and minerals form. The result from nine studies demonstrated that most of HIV/AIDS patients have a low plasma zinc level and after receiving zinc supplementation with a dose at least 12 mg for more than 1 month consecutively, the lymphocytes CD4+ and IFN-γ status in HIV/AIDS patients was increasing. Furthermore, the intervention of zinc supplementation also showed some positive improvement in other infections occurrence such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. Zinc supplementation on HIV/AIDS patient has many benefi ts in increasing zinc status and improving the immune system.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA NAFSU MAKAN DENGAN ASUPAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA POST KEMOTERAPI
[Correlation between Appetite with Energy and Protein Intake of Post Chemotherapy Breast Cancer Patients]

Authors: Putri Silviana , Adriani Merryana , Estuningsih Yayuk
Published: August 2019

Chemotherapy drugs used to kill or inhibit proliferation of cancer cell that are cytotoxic and causing side effect for breast cancer patients. The side effect of chemotherapy drugs is decreasing the appetite which causing decrease in energy and protein intake, and could affect nutritional status. This study aim to determine the relationship between appetite with energy and protein intake of post chemotherapy breast cancer patients. This research was an analytic observational research using cross sectional design and purposive sampling conducted at Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital Surabaya with a sample size of 50 patients. Correlation between appetite with energy and protein intake were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The average of energy and protein intake were 976.3±304.2 kcal and 29.4±12.9 g. Pearson correlation test showed signifi cant correlation between appetite as chemoteraphy side effect with energy intake (p=0.000; r=-0.558) and protein intake (p=0.000; r=-0.504). Decreasing of appetite due to chemoterapy reduce the energy and protein intake of breast cancer patient. Patient are suggest to consume foods in small portion but often to maintain adequate energy and protein intake.
Penegakan Hukum dalam Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Qanun Jinayat Aceh
Authors: Putra Yuniar Virdis Firmanillah
Published: August 2019

Provinsi Aceh merupakan suatu provinsi yang mendapatkan legalitas dari pemerintah pusat untuk menerapkan syariat Islam. Undang-undang No. 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pemerintah Aceh diterbitkan dalam rangka memperkuat dan mempertegas penerapan syari’at Islam di Aceh . Pada tanggal 27 September 2014 Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh (DPRA) mensahkan satu produk hukum setingkat qanun, yaitu Qanun No. 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat. Qanun jinayat ini sudah diberlakukan lebih dari satu tahun. Persoalannya adalah tentang bagaimana kedudukan qanun ini didalam sistem hukum nasional, bagaimana keterkaitan antar lembaga penegak hukum dengan lembaga-lembaga yang mendukung dalam pelaksanaan syari’at di Aceh serta apa saja kendala yang dihadapi oleh masing-masing lembaga tersebut. Tidak jarang karakteristik khusus Qanun ini memunculkan sejumlah permasalahan yang tidak jarang menyimpang dari ketentuan, misalnya penggunaan istilah asas personalitas, dasar hukum dan materi muatan. Dalam kenyataannya bahwa sering terjadi kekerasan seksual yang dialami oleh anak sebagai korban yang dapat terjadi dalam lingkungan kecil yaitu keluarga dan dapat pula terjadi dalam lingkungan masyarakat. Dalam perkara tentang tindak pidana pemerkosaan terhadap anak di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam memiliki sedikit perbedaan dalam prakteknya karena beberapa perkara dapat diterapkan peraturan yang berbeda yaitu dengan menggunakan Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak dan Qanun Jinayat No.6 Tahun 2014. Pertanyaannya sampai sejauh mana perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada korban tindak pidana perkosaan tersebut.
Pengelolaan Wilayah Laut Oleh Pemerintah Daerah Berdasarkan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Environmental Governance
Authors: Prihatiningtyas Wilda
Published: August 2019

Berdasarkan Pasal 25 A Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945) disebutkan bahwa "Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia adalah sebuah negara kepulauan yang berciri Nusantara dengan wilayah yang batas-batas dan hak-haknya ditetapkan dengan  undang-undang". Konsekuensi logis dari bentuk negara yang bercirikan kepulauan tersebut yaitu luasnya wilayah lautan. Hal tersebut didukung dengan fakta empiris yang menunjukkan bahwa 70% dari wilayah Indonesia adalah berupa laut. Dengan melihat pada fakta tersebut, maka pengelolaan wilayah laut menjadi isu strategis yang penting untuk dibahas karena pengelolaan wilayah laut (khususnya wilayah pesisir) yang baik mempunyai potensi yang signifikan dalam kerangka pengelolaan sumberdaya nasional. Oleh karenanya, dalam era otonomi daerah seperti sekarang ini, peran pemerintah daerah mempunyai posisi penting dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Adapun isu hukum penelitian ini yakni mengenai prinsip-prinsip good environmental governance dalam pengelolaan wilayah laut dalam rangka mewujudkan sustainable development di bidang kelautan.
Copyright Protection of Video Game for Game Developer in Indonesia
Authors: ANGELIA JUANDA MARIA , MULIA ANNISA AYU , PRAMESTI DETANTI ASMANINGAYU
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to firstly, analyze the frequent infringements related to copyright of video games, as well as the legal protection for game developers who create video games. Secondly, to determine the factors that impede the copyright protection of video games in Indonesia. This research employs empirical approach or sociolegal, with library research and field studies to collect data. In the literature, the author uses the legal resources to support the analysis. The study was based primarily on Law no. 28 of 2014 regarding Copyright. In the field study, the author interviewed several game developers in Indonesia, as well as the practitioner from Directorate General Intellectual Property Right Jakarta and academician from Faculty of Law Universitas Gadjah Mada. Analysis of the research was conducted using qualitative data analysis, with the results compiled by descriptive-analysis to achieve the research objectives. Results of this study indicates that the laws and regulations of Indonesia has virtually provided legal protection for game developers as the creator of the video game, but there are still uncertainties in settings, such as obscurity any part of the video game that is protected by the copyright laws of Indonesia, considering that the video game consists of several constituent.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBANTUAN APLIKASI AUTOPLAY MEDIA STUDIO PADA POKOK BAHASAN FLUIDA DINAMIS DI SMA
Authors: Nisa Khairun , Wati Mustika , Mahardika Andi Ichsan
Published: August 2019

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Autoplay Media Studio . Tujuan penelitian ini: (1) mendeskripsikan validitasmedia pembelajaran menggunakan Autoplay Media Studio, (2) mendeskripsikankepraktisan media pembelajaran menggunakan Autoplay Media Studio, (3)mendeskripsikan efektivitas media pembelajaran menggunakan Autoplay Media Studio.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada modelpengembangan ADDIE. Subjek ujicoba adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 di SMA Negeri 9Banjarmasin. Data diperoleh melalui lembar validasi media, lembar keterlaksanaanaktivitas guru, dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, (1) media ajar yangdinyatakan valid, (2) kepraktisan media ajar adalah terlaksana dengan sangat baik, dan (3)efektivitas media ajar dinyatakan efektif. Simpulan penelitian adalah bahwa mediapembelajaran menggunakan Autoplay Media Studio yang dikembangkan layak untukdigunakan.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMECAHAN MASALAH MELALUI MODEL PENGAJARAN LANGSUNG PADA MATERI SUHU DAN PERUBAHANNYA PADA SMP NEGERI 5 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Larasati Amelya , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Mahardika Andi Ichsan
Published: August 2019

Bahan ajar yang biasanya dilakukan oleh guru belum maksimal yang hanya  menggunakan bahan ajar yang seadanya dan penugasan individu. Maka dari itu, Siswa menjadi malas belajar fisika serta rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar dengan metode pemecahan masalah pada materi suhu dan perubahannya untuk siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin. Secara khusus peneliti bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan ; (1) kevalidan bahan ajar , (2) kepraktisan bahan ajar , (3) keefektifan bahan ajar. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah metode pengajaran langsung. Peneliti ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan perangkat Dick and Carey. Data diperoleh melalui tes hasil belajar, keterlaksanaan RPP dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kevalidanbahan ajarcukup valid, atau dapat digunakan namun perlu direvisi kecil, (2) Kepraktisan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berdasarkan keterlaksanaan RPP adalah terlaksana sangat baik. (3) keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil belajar adalah berkategori medium (efektif) .Diperoleh simpulan bahwa bahan ajarpada materi suhu dan perubahannya pada SMP Negeri 5Banjarmasin layak digunakan.
Psychometric Evaluation of the ProQOL Version 5 for Assessing Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nurses
Authors: Hagan Joseph L.
Published: August 2019

Background: The Professional Quality of Life scale is commonly used to measure Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction in nurses despite a lack of research regarding its psychometric properties in this population. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the ProQOL version 5 in nurses.Methods: Chronbach’s alpha was used to assess reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to test the validity of the three factor structure.Results: Reliability of the Burnout subscale is poor in nurses (α=.53). Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the tool’s three factor structure to not be valid in the nursing population (p<.001).Discussion: Despite being widely used, the ProQOL is not a valid or reliable tool in the nursing population. Recommendations are provided for creating a new tool to measure Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction in nurses.Contribution of the Paper:What is already known about the topic:Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction are important to study in the nursing population since these constructs can affect job performance and patient safety.By assessing nurses’ Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction, targeted interventions can be created to enhance work efficiency and enjoyment, thereby improving nurse job satisfaction, nurse retention and patient outcomes.What this paper adds:Despite being commonly used in the nursing population, the ProQOL is not a valid or reliable tool for measuring Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction in nurses.A new tool for measuring Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction in nurses is needed.
The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds
Authors: Li Jing , Hägg Kristofer , Persson Kenneth M.
Published: August 2019

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pre-treatment is required. Pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems by applying different pre-treatment methods for raw water from a eutrophic and temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water, only filtered through a micro-screen with 500 µm pores (control treatment), while the other part received pre-treated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) combined with sand filtration, i.e. continuous contact filtration (contact filter treatment). Water quality such as cyanobacterial biomass, microcystin-LR as well as organic matter and nutrients were measured in both treatment processes. We found cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin-LR level after the contact filter treatment was significantly different from the control treatment and also significantly different in the pond water. In addition, with contact filter treatment, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter removal were significantly improved in the end water, TP was reduced by 96 % (< 20 µg/L) and the total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by 66 % instead of 55 % (TOC content around 2.1 mg/L instead of 3.0 mg/L). This full-scale onsite experiment demonstrated effective pre-treatment would benefit a more stable water quality system, with less variance and lower cyanotoxin risk. In a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising to reduce cyanotoxin risk, as well as TP and TOC, which are all predicted to increase with global warming and extreme weather.
Special Issue on Machine Learning for Robotics and Swarm Systems
Authors: Yamamoto Masahito , Kawakami Takashi , Naruse Keitaro
Published: August 2019

In recent years, machine-learning applications have been rapidly expanding in the fields of robotics and swarm systems, including multi-agent systems. Swarm systems were developed in the field of robotics as a kind of distributed autonomous robotic systems, imbibing the concepts of the emergent methodology for extremely redundant systems. They typically consist of homogeneous autonomous robots, which resemble living animals that build swarms. Machine-learning techniques such as deep learning have played a remarkable role in controlling robotic behaviors in the real world or multi-agents in the simulation environment.

In this special issue, we highlight five interesting papers that cover topics ranging from the analysis of the relationship between the congestion among autonomous robots and the task performances, to the decision making process among multiple autonomous agents.

We thank the authors and reviewers of the papers and hope that this special issue encourages readers to explore recent topics and future studies in machine-learning applications for robotics and swarm systems.
Sharing Experience for Behavior Generation of Real Swarm Robot Systems Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yasuda Toshiyuki , Ohkura Kazuhiro ,   University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan,   Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Published: August 2019

Swarm robotic systems (SRSs) are a type of multi-robot system in which robots operate without any form of centralized control. The typical design methodology for SRSs comprises a behavior-based approach, where the desired collective behavior is obtained manually by designing the behavior of individual robots in advance. In contrast, in an automatic design approach, a certain general methodology is adopted. This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning approach for collective behavior acquisition of SRSs. The swarm robots are expected to collect information in parallel and share their experience for accelerating their learning. We conducted real swarm robot experiments and evaluated the learning performance of the swarm in a scenario where the robots consecutively traveled between two landmarks.
Centralized Business-to-Business Networks in the Japanese Textile and Apparel Industry: Using Network Analysis and an Agent-Based Model
Authors: Ogai Yusaku , Matsumura Yoshiyuki , Hoshino Yusuke , Yasuda Toshiyuki , Ohkura Kazuhiro ,   Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan,   Musashino University 3-3-3 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan,   University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan,   Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Published: August 2019

This study deals with the estimation of the changes that occur in the Business-to-Business (B2B) networks in the Japanese textile and apparel industry by applying datasets of about 2000 companies from 2011/2012 to 2015/2016. Network analysis was used to examine the properties of the B2B networks. A factor of innovation in information and communications technology (ICT) and logistics technology was introduced into an agent-based model to demonstrate changes occurring in the related structures of B2B networks. The agent-based model was designed and tested based on qualitative information on Japanese textile and apparel industries. Consequently, network analysis revealed power-law properties and the structures of centralized hub companies. Moreover, in the simulation experiments, the centralizations of the networks generated by the agent-based model due to innovation in ICT and logistics technology were illustrated. Therefore, one of the predicted cases regarding changes that occur in the B2B networks was explained as centralizations to hub companies.
Development of the Biological Information Measurement System for STEM Education and High School/University Articulation
Authors: Shimoto Takeshi , Miyamoto Chika , Umeno Takatoshi ,   Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan,   University of Teacher Education Fukuoka 1-1 Akamabunkyomachi, Munakata, Fukuoka 811-4192, Japan
Published: August 2019

Development of human resources in the field of science and technology is a necessity in the modern world. To encourage the development of the nation, it is important to educate forward-thinking engineers in cooperation with the education system, with the requirements of modern society as the background of their efforts. In Western countries, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is provided as a national strategy for development, and this type of education is also spreading to Japan. On the other hand, in the context of high school/university articulation, it is argued that the abilities required by high schools, universities, and society are different from one another, and that it is necessary to inter-link them. Accordingly, comprehensive content that includes all levels, from primary to higher education, is required. On the basis of this background and the current problem of STEM education and high school/university articulation, this research aims to aid in the development of a curriculum and educational study materials through which the technology of universities could be integrated into high school classes. This report includes the development of educational study material on biological information systems because it reflects the features of the department to which the authors belong and there is already a lot of research on, and technology related to, biological information. Using the educational study material, we carry out an in-class practice session including task-oriented research at a high school with cooperation from a university and discuss the educational effect that results from it.
Underwater Structure from Motion for Cameras Under Refractive Surfaces
Authors: Qiao Xiaorui ,   The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Yamashita Atsushi , Asama Hajime
Published: August 2019

Structure from Motion (SfM), as a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique, can estimate the structure of an object by using a single moving camera. Cameras deployed in underwater environments are generally confined to waterproof housings. Thus, the light rays entering the camera are refracted twice; once at the interface between the water and the camera housing, and again at the interface between the camera housing and air. Images captured from scenes in underwater environments are prone to, and deteriorate, from distortion caused by this refraction. Severe distortions in geometric reconstruction would be caused if the refractive distortion is not properly addressed. Here, we propose a SfM approach to deal with the refraction in a camera system including a refractive surface. The impact of light refraction is precisely modeled in the refractive model. Based on the model, a new calibration and camera pose estimation method is proposed. This proposed method assists in accurate 3D reconstruction using the refractive camera system. Experiments, including simulations and real images, show that the proposed method can achieve accurate reconstruction, and effectively reduce the refractive distortion compared to conventional SfM.
High-Frequency Vibration of Leg Masses for Improving Gait Stability of Compass Walking on Slippery Downhill
Authors: Li Longchuan , Asano Fumihiko , Tokuda Isao ,   School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 825-8577, Japan
Published: August 2019

Towards improving the stability of point-foot biped robot on slippery downhill, a novel and indirect control method is introduced in this paper using active wobbling masses attached to both legs. The whole dynamics which contains walking, sliding and wobbling, can be dominated by high-frequency oscillation via entrainment effect. Stable gaits are therefore achieved by controlling only 1% of the whole system where the original passive dynamic walking fails. First, we derive the equations of dynamics and control for this indirectly controlled biped walking on slippery downhill. Second, we numerically show the possibility of improving the stability with high-frequency oscillation. We also find the main effect of wobbling motion on walking via phase-plane plot. Third, we prove that the range of stable walking with respect to frictional coefficient can be enlarged by employing suitable high-frequency oscillation via parametric study. Our method will be further applied to more general conditions in real tasks which contain different locomotion types, where the whole dynamics could be dominated by high-frequency oscillation and the phase properties of the dynamics will be positively utilized.
Mood Perception Model for Social Robot Based on Facial and Bodily Expression Using a Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Inthiam Jiraphan , Mowshowitz Abbe , Hayashi Eiji ,   Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan,   Department of Computer Science, The City College of New York 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
Published: August 2019

In the normal course of human interaction people typically exchange more than spoken words. Emotion is conveyed at the same time in the form of nonverbal messages. In this paper, we present a new perceptual model of mood detection designed to enhance a robot’s social skill. This model assumes 1) there are only two hidden states (positive or negative mood), and 2) these states can be recognized by certain facial and bodily expressions. A Viterbi algorithm has been adopted to predict the hidden state from the visible physical manifestation. We verified the model by comparing estimated results with those produced by human observers. The comparison shows that our model performs as well as human observers, so the model could be used to enhance a robot’s social skill, thus endowing it with the flexibility to interact in a more human-oriented way.
Questionable Effect of Crosshatching Incision in Septoplasty
Authors: Kim Jung-Soo , Heo Sung Jae
Published: August 2019

Objectives. Crosshatching incision has been considered a useful method for correcting cartilaginous septal deviation. The aim of this study was to determine the utility and limitations of this approach.Methods. This retrospective case-control study included 353 patients who underwent septoplasty performed by a senior surgeon between January 2004 and December 2010. Patients were classified into two groups according to whether crosshatching incision was performed (n=151) during septoplasty or not (n=202). All other techniques performed during septoplasty were identical. The parameters of surgical success (improvement of nasal obstruction, correction of deviation, and acoustic rhinometry results) and adverse effects were compared between the groups.Results. There were no significant differences in the parameters of surgical success between the groups (improvement of nasal obstruction, P=0.333; correction of deviation, P=0.608; acoustic rhinometry results, P=0.322 for the difference in the minimal cross-sectional area; P=0.919 for difference in volume). Relative to patients who did not undergo the cross-hatching incision, patients with whom the technique was performed showed a significantly higher incidence of saddle nose (0/202 vs. 4/151 cases, P=0.033) and overcorrection (0/202 vs. 5/151 cases, P=0.014).Conclusion. Crosshatching incision during septoplasty did not produce better surgical outcomes; however, it caused adverse effects such as saddle nose and overcorrection. Therefore, the use of crosshatching incision should be re-evaluated.
Predictive models and under-five mortality determinants in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Bitew Fikrewold , Nyarko Samuel H. , Potter Lloyd , Sparks Corey S.
Published: August 2019

Background There is a dearth of literature on predictive models estimating under-five mortality risk in Ethiopia. In this study, we develop a spatial map and predictive models to predict the sociodemographic determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia.Methods The study data were drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. We used machine learning algorithms such as random forest, logistic regression, and Cox-proportional hazard models to predict the sociodemographic risks for under-five mortality in Ethiopia. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive power of the models.Results There are considerable regional variations in under-five mortality rates in Ethiopia. The under-five mortality prediction ability was found to be 88.7% for the random forest model, 68.3% for the logistic regression model, and 68.0% for the Cox-Proportional Hazard model. Maternal age at birth, sex of a child, previous birth interval, water source, contraceptive use, health facility delivery services, antenatal and post-natal care checkups have been found to be significantly associated with under-five mortality in Ethiopia.Conclusions The random forest machine learning algorithm produces a higher predictive power for under-five mortality risk factors for the study sample. There is a need to improve the quality and access to health care services to enhance childhood survival chances in the country.
Barriers related to the uptake of cataract surgery and care in Limpopo province, South Africa: Professional Ophthalmic Service Providers’ perspective
Authors: Khoza Lunic Base , Nunu Wilfred Njabulo , Ndou Nthomeni , Makgopa Jane , Ramakuela Nditsheni , Manganye Bumani Solomon , Tshivhase Shonisane , Mambanga Pfungwa , Murwira Tinotenda Success
Published: August 2019

Background

Studies in South Africa showed that cataract was the second leading cause of blindness and the leading single cause of severe visual impairment. People living in the rural and remote areas of the world are usually of lower socio-economic status and therefore lack the opportunity to utilize eye care services adequately which could result to lack of knowledge regarding cataract surgery. The primary aim of the current study was to increase a better understanding of eye health inequalities in Limpopo province with specific reference to cataract surgery and care. The study sought to answer a central question “What are the barriers related to the uptake of cataract surgery and care in Limpopo.

Methods

This study used qualitative and descriptive designs through exploring barriers related to the uptake of cataract surgery and care from professional nurses’ perspective. The target population comprised of 20 ophthalmic supportive staff. A non-probability, purposive sampling was applied to select three hospitals in which cataract surgeries are performed. All the 20 ophthalmic supportive staff purposively comprised the sample of the study. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions. The Tesch’s principles as a guide for classifying data into themes and sub-themes applied. Ethical consideration and trustworthiness for data quality were explained.

Results

The study found that patient ignorance, low education and illiteracy, lack of awareness programmes, shortage of ophthalmologist and supportive ophthalmic health professionals, inadequate cataract facilities and resources lead to poor quality services in the hospitals were the major barriers in the uptake of cataract surgery and care.

Conclusion

People living in the rural and remote areas of the world are usually of lower socio-economic status and therefore lack the opportunity to utilize eye care services adequately. There is need to expand the awareness programmes and health education regarding prevention of the risks of blindness among the elderly in particular.
Application of Simple Average Weighting Optimization Method in the Selection of Best Desktop Computer Model
Authors: Mitra Soupaya , Goswami Shankha Shubhra
Published: August 2019

Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is one of the most emerging concepts in todayâ€™s world which enables a decision maker to select the best strategies among different available alternatives. MCDM technique helps to remove the biasness and confusion while selecting a product or process. In recent few years different MCDM methodologies finds wide area of applications in industries as well as in our daily life. In this paper, such one type of application is broadly described. One example is taken from our daily life, which is generally faced by most of the students while purchasing a desktop computer. The main objective of this paper is to select the best desktop computer models among five different models actual available in the market having different configurations. For this analysis, 100 computer users have been surveyed to know their relative preferences and choices, which of the computer specifications is most important to them. For this present analysis few numbers of criteria have been considered and also there are number of sub-criteria within each criterion (for example, the processor may be different for different models like I3, I5, I7 etc.). The MCDM methodology which is adopted for this selection process is known as Simple Average Weighting (SAW) method.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ BAKIMINDAN BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER DENİZ HUKUKU SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN HUKUKİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: GÖÇMEN İlke , ŞEKER Emriye Özlem
Published: August 2019

Avrupa Birliği (AB), 1 Nisan 1998
tarihinde Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi’ne (BMDHS) taraf
olmuştur. BMDHS; çok taraflı oluşu, maddi yönden denizlerin anayasası niteliği
taşıması, kurumsal yönden Uluslararası Deniz Hukuku Mahkemesi dâhil
kurumsallaşmış yapı getirmesi ve AB yönünden karma anlaşma oluşu yönleriyle,
AB’nin diğer uluslararası anlaşmalarından kısmen veya tamamen ayrı olarak, AB
bakımından pek çok ve kimi zaman karmaşık hukuki etkiler meydana
getirebilmektedir. İşte bu çalışma, yukarıdaki nedenlerle, Avrupa Birliği
Adalet Divanının içtihat hukuku ışığında, BMDHS’nin AB bakımından hukuki
etkilerini kurumsal denge ilkesi ve AB hukukundaki genel etkiler üzerinden
ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Görüleceği üzere, kurumsal denge ilkesi, ana
hatlarıyla, BMDHS ile ilgili hususlarda üye devletlerin maksimum kontrol
isteğinin karşısında, ulusüstü niteliği ağır basan AB kurumlarının kontrolü ele
alma isteğinin ise yanında durmuştur. Ayrıca, BMDHS ve BMDHS’nin kimi
hükümlerinin bir parçasını oluşturduğu ölçüde uluslararası teamül hukuku, AB
açısından bağlayıcılık taşıdığında, ihlal davasına ve uygun yorum ilkesine konu
edilebilecek olmakla birlikte; doğrudan etkililik, hukuka uygunluk denetimi ve
AB’nin haksız fiil sorumluluğu yönlerinden kısmen belirsizlik, dahası
tutarsızlıklar içermektedir.
Evaluating public perceptions, attitudes and participation in water resource management: The case of an urban township in South Africa
Authors: Mashazi T. P. , Morole M. S. , Modley L. S.
Published: August 2019

Public participation in water resource management is crucial for community development and resource sustainability. Many studies on water resource management have been done on urban river systems, focusing on water quality, and concentrating mainly on the physical, chemical and biological parameters, while neglecting the social impacts. An example of this is seen in the Kaalspruit, a highly polluted river in the township of Tembisa. After the confluence with the Olifantspruit River, the Kaalspruit runs through the residential and highly industrialised areas of Clayville, Tembisa and Ivory Park in Johannesburg, South Africa. The aim of the study is to evaluate public perception, participation and attitudes towards water resource management in the Kaalspruit River, and to aid with a related community management plan. This was achieved by purposive and random sampling of relevant stakeholders and the public. Community knowledge was used to increase water quality awareness. The study revealed that those surveyed are discontented with the river's current state but are interested in rehabilitating it. Their participation highlighted the need for a community-based management plan for the river.