bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-particle characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in background air in northern Europe
Authors: Passig Johannes , Schade Julian , Irsig Robert , Kröger-Badge Thomas , Czech Hendryk , Adam Thomas , Fallgren Henrik , Moldanova Jana , Sklorz Martin , Streibel Thorsten , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We investigated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on individual ambient aerosol particles at the Swedish western coast in a
pristine environment for 10 d in October 2019. The measurements were carried out using new technology with single-particle mass spectrometry
(SPMS) that reveals both the inorganic particle composition as well as the particle-bound PAHs (Schade et al., 2019). More than 290 000 particles
were characterized; 4412 of them reveal PAH signatures. Most of the PAH-containing particles were internal mixtures of carbonaceous material,
secondary nitrate and metals from distant sources in central and eastern Europe. We characterize the aerosol with respect to the inorganic
composition, comparable to conventional SPMS, before we discuss the distribution of PAHs within this particle ensemble. Vice versa, we analyze the
single-particle PAH spectra for characteristic patterns and discuss the inorganic composition, origin and atmospheric processing of the respective
particles. The study period comprised different meteorological situations: clean air conditions with winds from the North Sea/Kattegat and little
terrestrial air pollution, long-range transport from eastern Europe and southern Sweden, and transport of aerosols from central Europe over
the sea. For all meteorological conditions, PAHs were detected in particles whose inorganic content indicates traffic emissions, such as
combinations of soot, iron and calcium as well as in particles with biomass-burning signatures. However, there were variations in their amounts,
dependent on the geographic origin. Because of strong mixing, rapid degradation and speciation limits, e.g., for PAHs of the same nominal mass, the
application of diagnostic ratios for source apportionment is limited under the conditions of our study. Nevertheless, the combination with the
inorganic content and meteorological data provides unique insights into the particles' origin, aging and mixing state. We exemplarily show how the
observation of PAH profiles and inorganic secondary components on a single-particle level can open a new door to investigate aerosol aging
processes. To our best knowledge, we herewith present the first comprehensive study on the single-particle distribution of PAHs in ambient air as
well as the first set of combined data on PAHs and inorganic composition on a single-particle level.
Estimating ion escape from unmagnetized planets
Authors: Holmstrom Mats
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We propose a new method to estimate ion escape from unmagnetized planets that combines observations and models. Assuming that upstream solar wind conditions are known, a computer model of the interaction between the solar wind and the planet is executed for different ionospheric ion production rates.
This results in different amounts of mass loading of the solar wind.
We then obtain the ion escape rate from the model run that best fits observations of the bow shock location.
As an example of the method, we estimate the heavy-ion escape from Mars on 1 March 2015 to be 2×1024 ions s−1, using a hybrid plasma model and observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Mars Express (MEX) missions.
This method enables studies on how escape depends on different parameters as well as studies on escape rates during extreme solar wind conditions; moreover, the technique is applicable to studies of escape in the early solar system and at exoplanets.
Exploration of a novel geoengineering solution: lighting up tropical forests at night
Authors: Gao Xueyuan , Liang Shunlin , Wang Dongdong , Li Yan , He Bin , Jia Aolin
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Plants primarily conduct photosynthesis in the daytime, offering an
opportunity to increase photosynthesis and carbon sink by providing light at night. We used a fully coupled Earth system model to quantify the carbon
sequestration and climate effects of a novel carbon removal proposal:
lighting up tropical forests at night via lamp networks above the forest
canopy. Simulation results show that additional light increased the tropical forest carbon sink by 10.4±0.05 Pg of carbon per year during a 16-year lighting experiment, resulting in a decrease in atmospheric CO2 and suppression of global warming. In addition, local temperature and precipitation increased. The energy requirement for capturing 1 t of carbon is lower than that of direct air carbon capture. When the lighting experiment was terminated, tropical forests started to release carbon slowly. This study suggests that lighting up tropical forests at night could be an emergency solution to climate change, and carbon removal actions focused on enhancing ecosystem productivity by altering environmental factors in the short term could induce post-action CO2 outgassing.
Rediscovering Robert E. Horton's lake evaporation formulae: new directions for evaporation physics
Authors: Vimal Solomon , Singh Vijay P.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Evaporation from open water is among the most rigorously studied problems in hydrology. Robert E. Horton, unbeknownst to most investigators on the subject, studied it in great detail by conducting experiments and heuristically relating his observations to physical laws. His work furthered known theories of lake evaporation, but it appears that it was dismissed as simply empirical. This is unfortunate because Horton's
century-old insights on the topic, which we summarize here, seem relevant for contemporary climate-change-era problems. In rediscovering his
overlooked lake evaporation works, in this paper we (1) examine several of his publications in the period 1915–1944 and identify his theory sources for evaporation physics among scientists of the late 1800s, (2) illustrate his lake evaporation formulae, which require several equations, tables, thresholds, and conditions based on physical factors and assumptions, and (3) assess his evaporation results over the continental U.S. and analyze the performance of his formula in a subarctic Canadian catchment by comparing it with five other calibrated (aerodynamic and mass transfer) evaporation formulae of varying complexity. We find that Horton's method, due to its unique variable vapor pressure deficit (VVPD) term, outperforms all other methods by ∼3 %–15 % of R2 consistently across timescales (days to months) and at an order of magnitude higher at subdaily scales (we assessed up to 30 min). Surprisingly, when his method uses input vapor pressure disaggregated from reanalysis data, it still outperforms other methods which use local measurements. This indicates that the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) term currently used in all other evaporation methods is not as good an independent control for lake evaporation as Horton's VVPD. Therefore, Horton's evaporation formula is held to be a major improvement in lake evaporation theory which, in part, may (A) supplant or improve existing evaporation formulae, including the aerodynamic part of the combination (Penman) method, (B) point to new directions in lake evaporation physics, as it leads to a “constant” and a nondimensional ratio (the former is due to Horton, John Dalton (1802), and Gustav Schübler (1831) and the latter to Jožef Štefan (1881) and Horton), and (C) offer better insights behind the physics of the evaporation paradox (i.e., globally, decreasing trends in pan evaporation are unanimously observed, while the opposite is expected due to global warming). Curiously, Horton's rare observations of convective vapor plumes from lakes may also help to explain the mythical origins of the Greek deity Venus and the dancing Nereids.
Extreme floods in Europe: going beyond observations using reforecast ensemble pooling
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Slater Louise J.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Assessing the rarity and magnitude of very extreme flood events occurring less than twice a century is challenging due to the lack of observations of such rare events. Here we develop a new approach, pooling reforecast ensemble members from the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), to increase the sample size available to estimate the frequency of extreme local and regional flood events. We assess the added value of such pooling, determine where in Central Europe one might expect the most extreme events, and evaluate how event severity is related to physiographic and meteorological catchment characteristics. We work with a set of 234 catchments from the Global Runoff Data Centre matched to EFAS catchments and for which the performance of simulated floods is good when compared to observed streamflow. We pool EFAS-simulated flood events for 10 perturbed ensemble members and lead times ranging from 22 to 46 d, where flood events are only weakly dependent (<0.25 average correlation across lead times). The resulting large ensemble (130 time series instead of 1) enables the analyses of very extreme events which occur less than twice a century. We demonstrate that such ensemble pooling produces more robust estimates with considerably reduced uncertainty bounds (by ∼80 % on average) than observation-based estimates but may equally introduce biases arising from the simulated meteorology and hydrological model. Our results show that, for a given return period, specific floods are highest in steep, cold, and wet regions and are comparably low in regions with strong flow regulation through dams. Furthermore, our pooled flood estimates indicate that the probability of regional flooding is higher in Central Europe and Great Britain than in Scandinavia. We conclude that reforecast ensemble pooling is an efficient approach to increase sample size and to derive robust local and regional flood estimates in regions with good hydrological model performance.
Identification, characteristics and dynamics of Arctic extreme seasons
Authors: Hartmuth Katharina , Boettcher Maxi , Wernli Heini , Papritz Lukas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Arctic atmosphere is strongly affected by anthropogenic warming leading to long-term trends in surface temperature and sea ice extent. In addition, it exhibits strong variability on timescales from days to seasons. While recent research elucidated processes leading to short-term extreme conditions in the Arctic, this study investigates unusual atmospheric conditions on the seasonal timescale. Based on a principal component analysis in the phase space spanned by the seasonal-mean values of surface temperature, precipitation and the atmospheric components of the surface energy balance, individual seasons are objectively identified that deviate strongly from a running-mean climatology and that we define as extreme seasons. Given the strongly varying surface conditions in the Arctic, this analysis is done separately in Arctic sub-regions that are climatologically characterized by either sea ice, open ocean or mixed conditions. Using ERA5 reanalyses for the years 1979–2018, our approach identifies two to three extreme seasons for each of winter, spring, summer and autumn, with strongly differing characteristics and affecting different Arctic sub-regions. Two extreme winters affecting the Kara and Barents seas are selected for a detailed investigation of their substructure, the role of synoptic-scale weather systems, and potential preconditioning by anomalous sea ice extent and/or sea surface temperature at the beginning of the season. Winter 2011/12 started with average sea ice coverage and was characterized by constantly above-average temperatures during the season related mainly to frequent warm air advection by quasi-stationary cyclones in the Nordic Seas. In contrast, winter 2016/17 started with reduced sea ice and enhanced sea surface temperatures in the Kara and Barents seas, which, together with increased frequencies of cold air outbreaks and cyclones, led to large upward surface heat flux anomalies and strongly increased precipitation during this extreme season. In summary, this study shows that extreme seasonal conditions in the Arctic are spatially heterogeneous, related to different near-surface parameters and caused by different synoptic-scale weather systems, potentially in combination with surface preconditioning due to anomalous ocean and sea ice conditions at the beginning of the season. The framework developed in this study and the insight gained from analyzing the ERA5 period will be beneficial for addressing the effects of global warming on Arctic extreme seasons.
Tartışma forumlarının açık ve uzaktan öğrenme ortamlarında kullanılabilirliği ve bir ölçme-değerlendirme kriteri olarak değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KILINÇ Hakan
Published: January 2022

Çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamları; öğrenme materyallerine erişme, içerik, öğretici ve öğrenenler ile etkileşme; öğrenme sürecinde öğrenene destek olma, bilgiyi elde etmek için kişisel anlamı yapılandırma ve öğrenme deneyimini arttırma olarak tanımlanabilecek olan çevrimiçi öğrenmenin (Ally, 2004) gerçekleştirilmesine olanak veren internet tabanlı ortamlardır. Çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarının eşzamanlı ve eşzamansız iletişim, içerik yönetimi, yönetimsel konular, değerlendirme, öğrenen-öğretici-içerik arasındaki etkileşim gibi boyutlarda eğitimsel düzenlemeler içermesi gerekmektedir (Hrastinski, 2007). Bununla birlikte, Davis (2004) öğrenme çıktılarını belirlemenin etkili bir öğrenme ortamı oluşturmak açısından önemine vurgu yapmış ve eğer öğrenme materyalleri ve öğrenme çıktıları açıkça ve kapsamlı olarak tanımlanmışsa iyi bir öğrenme sistemi inşa etmenin daha kolay olacağını söylemiştir. Çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarının metin tabanlı veya görsel tabanlı olmaları gibi yapısal özelliklerinin yanında dayandığı kuramsal temeller ve eğitimsel düzenlemeler de öğrenme ortamlarının daha etkili ve verimli olması için önemlidir. Bu noktada, en çok vurgu yapılan konulardan birinin de çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında gerçekleştirilen etkileşimler olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Formal Institutional Distance and cross-border M&A-Contract Ineffectiveness: Moderating Role of Advisory Organizations
Authors: Hanif Nadia , Hafeez Abida , Arshed Noman
Published: January 2022

Advisory organizations on cross-border mergers and acquisition deals performed as advisory governance can fill the distance between the formal institutional environment of host and home economies. This study examined the formal institutional distance between emerging and developed economies and their role in M&A initial contract ineffectiveness by expanding the phenomena of the pre-completion stage of M&A-contracts. We examine our key questions using data of 832 cross-border M&A-contracts of developed economies’ firms with emerging economies’ firms in the international business high-technology industry from 1984-2011. We find that formal institution distance explains part of the variation in the ineffectiveness of M&A-contracts. Further the gain from the external capabilities provided by advisory organizations helps in reducing the effect of institutional distance on the M&A-contract ineffectiveness.
The Religious Identity Perception of the Egyptian Muslim Diaspora in the West: A Case Study of Postgraduate Students
Authors: HUSSEIN Nourelhoda
Published: January 2022

Egyptian Muslim postgraduate students carry their identities, memories, and affiliations with them when moving from an Islamic country to a Western country and face many challenges in re-identifying and representing themselves in their new context of living in the diaspora. This research investigates how postgraduate students living in the Egyptian Muslims Diaspora perceive their religious identity using qualitative methodology, in order to understand the nature of Muslim identity in relation to mobility and space. This study finds that participants perceive their religious identity as an individual characteristic, rather than a social one and previous experiences in the homeland greatly affect their sense of belonging. Participants also express their belonging to a spiritual territory, rather than a spatial one. The sense of estrangement that the participants experience living abroad provide them with a positive perception and appreciation of their own religious identity. Additionally, the participants express the fear of dynamism in their religious identity while living in the diaspora and they emphasize holding on to the fundamentals as their personal identity, while highlighting the decrease in their practice, justified by the absence of their social religious community.
Limits of Citizenship Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe
Authors: AYGÜL Ayşenur
Published: January 2022

The emergence of the concept of citizenship’s roots go back to ancient Greece and, in the modern sense, began with the French revolution. The notion of citizenship has expanded in terms of rights and liabilities and more people have been included through citizenship over time, following the developments in the political history of the world. In her book entitled Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, Yasemin Nuhoğlu Soysal (1994) covers the expansion of immigrant rights that once only belonged to citizens of certain countries. The book first published in 1994 consists of nine chapters.
To identify priorities in science and technology
Authors: Matsaberidze Mamuka , Kerkadze Jimsher , Janelidze Inga , Jandieri Gigo
Published: January 2022

The sectoral priorities of science and technology determine the socioeconomic factors of the growth of states, which in turn provides for the system components of public safety.

The most important components of all sectoral priorities are synergistic-hybrid technologies, i.e. such technologies that are formed in the field of inter-sectoral competence.

To solve the problems of determining priorities in the field of synergistic-hybrid technology, the decisive function is the implementation of philosophical understanding of the problem, which is put forward as the main factor in decision making through the key components of sustainable development.
For the problem of digitalization of the chemical substances
Authors: Matsaberidze Mamuka , Kerkadze Jimsher , Janelidze Inga , Jandieri Gigo
Published: January 2022

Characteristics of chemical substances or functional groups can be presented with different signals. In general, the signal is called the parameter of the process we use to refresh, register and for transmission. There are lots of signal transmissions and processing example: Human sensory organs (visual, hearing sensations) signals the brains to provide information to the environment with different information and in the brain to process the signals and make decisions on the brain by the brain.

The task of processing the signal function of the chemical substance is to identify the existing data in the signal and convert them to make a decision in a convenient form that serves the determination of the chemical compound.

The signal analysis underlines not only its mathematical transformation, but also the conclusion of the conclusions of the specific processes and objects as a result of this transformation.
EFEK ANTI HIPERGLIKEMIA DAPAGLIFOZINE MONOTERAPI DAN KOMBINASI DENGAN METFORMIN PADA MENCIT
Authors: Kusuma Ikhwan Yuda , Samodra Galih , Komala Yutia Ihza , Apriliansa Elza Puspita , Fauqina Annima Alfi
Published: January 2022

Penyakit metabolik yang melibatkan insulin dikenal dengan diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu gangguan yang melibatkan gangguan pada metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein yang berakibat pada peningkatan kadar glukosa darah. Diabetes melitus dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu usia, obesitas, riwayat keluarga, gangguan metabolisme glukosa, dan gaya hidup. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana efek setelah pemberian dapagliflozin tunggal dan kombinasi dengan metformin terhadap peningkatan gula darah puasa dan gula darah sewaktu pada mencit putih dengan induksi aloksan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) dengan signifikansi = 0,05, pengujian deilanjutkan dengan LSD Post Hoc Test untuk mengetahui perbedaan setiap kelompok perlakuan. Pengolahan data diproses dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa kelompok dapagliflozin monoterapi menunjukan penurunan profil kadar gula darah dengan nilai rata-rata selisih sebesar 39,48 mg/dL. Dapaglifozin-Metformin Kombinasi juga menggambarkan penurunan kadar gula darah dengan nilai rata-rata selisih sebesar 43.21 mg/dL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan untuk terapi kombinasi anti diabetes menghasilkan efektivitas yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan dapaglifozin secara monoterapi. Analisis One way Anova penggunaan Dapagliflozin monoterapi menunjukan nilai F hitung 3.571311 dan nilai F tabel 3.4668, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna, oleh karena itu dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan uji LSD (BNT) kelompok dapagliflozin tunggal menunjukan nilai rata-rata kelompok 1 berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok 2 dan 3 , karena notasinya berbeda. Namun untuk yang terapi kombinasi Dapagliflozin-Metformin menunjukan nilai F hitung 1.351435 dan nilai F 3.468, artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna.
БОПСАЛАУ ЖОЛЫМЕН ПАРА АЛУДЫ САРАЛАУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: СЕЙТХОЖИН Булат , ОНГАРОВА Гульжан , ОРЫНБЕКОВ Алмас
Published: January 2022

В настоящей статье рассмотрены теоретические вопросы квалификации получения взятки путем вымогательства, предусмотренные пунктом 1 ч.3 ст.366 Уголовного кодекса РК от 3 июля 2014г. Указан ряд авторов, занимающихся исследованием данной проблемы в Казахстане. На основе нерешенных проблем, авторами выдвигается предложение, направленное на совершенствование национального антикоррупционного и уголовного законодательства

Осы мақалада 2014 жылғы 3 шілдедегі ҚР Қылмыстық кодексінің 366-бабы 3-бөлігінің 1-тармағында көзделген бопсалау жолымен пара алуды саралаудың теориялық мәселелері қаралды. Қазақстанда осы мәселені зерттеумен айналысатын бірқатар авторлар көрсетілген. Шешілмеген мәселелердің негізінде авторлар ұлттық сыбайлас жемқорлыққа қарсы және қылмыстық заңнаманы жетілдіруге бағытталған ұсыныс жасайды

This article discusses the theoretical issues of the qualification of receiving a bribe by extortion, provided for in paragraph 1 of Part 3 of Article 366 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 3, 2014. A number of authors engaged in the study of this problem in Kazakhstan are indicated. Based on the unsolved problems, the authors put forward a proposal aimed at improving the national anti-corruption and criminal legislation
ЕСІРТКІ САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ӘЙЕЛДЕР ҚЫЛМЫСЫНЫҢ ҰҒЫМЫ ЖӘНЕ МӘНІ
Authors: FETKULOV Alikzhan , PUPYSHEVA Tatyana
Published: January 2022

This article provides a criminological characteristic of female narcotism in Kazakhstan. The system of measures for the prevention of female narcotism, approaches to the management of crime prevention and its main parameters, which together have a negative impact on the state and development of the drug situation in the country, are considered. Conducted targeted research on the problems of female narcotism, its criminological, legal and organizational aspects.Based on these studies, it is possible to predict the drug situation in the republic in order to outline the most effective methods of prevention and tactics of countering female drug crime in the future. Own understanding of narcotism and female narcotism is given

Осы мақалада Қазақстандағы әйел есірткісінің криминологиялық сипаттамасы берілген. Әйелдер есірткісінің алдыналу шараларының жүйесі, құқық бұзушылықтардың алдыналуды басқару тәсілдері және оның жиынтықта елдегі есірткі ахуалының жай-күйімен дамуына теріс әсер ететін негізгі параметрлері қаралады. Әйел есірткісі проблемаларына, оның криминологиялық, құқықтық және ұйымдастырушылық аспектілеріне мақсатты зерттеулер жүргізілді. Осы зерттеулерге сүйене отырып, болашақта әйелдердің есірткі қылмысының алдын-алудың тиімді әдістерімен тактикасын анықтау үшін республикадағы есірткі жағдайын болжауға болады. Беріледі, өз түсіну наркотизму және әйелдер наркотизму

В настоящей статье дается криминологическая характеристика женского наркотизма в Казахстане. Рассматривается система мер предупреждения женского наркотизма, подходы к управлению профилактикой правонарушений и его основные параметры, которые в совокупности оказывают негативное влияние на состояние и развитие наркоситуации в стране. Проведены целевые исследования проблем женского наркотизма, ее криминологических, правовых и организационных аспектов.Исходя из данных исследований можно спрогнозировать наркоситуацию в республике, чтобы наметить наиболее эффективные методы профилактики и тактику противодействия женской наркопреступности в будущем. Дается собственное понимание наркотизму и женскому наркотизму
Zeroth-order general Randi´c index of trees
Authors: Vetrik Tomas , Balachandran Selvaraj
Published: January 2022

Randi\'{c} indices belong to the most well-known topological indices. We study a very general index called the zeroth-order general Randi\'{c} index. We present upper and lower bounds on the zeroth-order general Randi\'{c} index for trees with given order and independence number, and for trees with given order and domination number. We also show that the bounds are best possible.
On Semi-Symmetric and Locally Symmetric Submanifolds of Conformal Kenmotsu Manifolds
Authors: Abdi Roghayeh
Published: January 2022

‎In this paper‎, ‎we‎ ‎consider‎ ‎semi‎ ‎symmetric‎ ‎submanifolds‎ ‎in‎ ‎conformal‎ ‎Kenmotsu‎ ‎manifolds‎ ‎and‎ ‎then ‎using‎ ‎obtained‎ ‎results‎ ‎for‎ ‎this‎ ‎type‎ ‎of‎ ‎submanifolds‎, ‎‎‎we‎ ‎‎‎‎characterize‎ locally symmetric submanifolds of conformal Kenmotsu ‎manifolds‎.
Cadernos do Cade- Atos de concentração nos mercados de planos de saúde, hospitais e medicina diagnóstica - 2018
Authors: Bênia Gerson , Resende Guilherme
Published: January 2022

O sexto número da série “Cadernos do Cade” tem como objeto os atos de concentração realizados em mercados da cadeia produtiva da saúde suplementar, mais especificamente, fusões e aquisições que envolveram a participação de empresas de três segmentos dessa cadeia: planos de saúde, serviços hospitalares e serviços de medicina diagnóstica. A saúde suplementar já foi tema do segundo volume desta série, porém com destaque para condutas anticompetitivas.
Cadernos do Cade- Mercado de cimento no Brasil - 2019
Authors: Souza João Aurério , Resende Guilherme
Published: January 2022

O oitavo número da série “Cadernos do Cade” , aborda entre suas propostas, a de compilar trajetórias metodológicas adotadas pelo Tribunal do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), no correr dos anos, sobre a análise econômica do setor de cimento.
Cadernos do Cade- Mercado de Saúde Suplementar: Condutas - 2021
Authors: Bênia Gerson , Bogossian Paula , Leandro Tainá
Published: January 2022

O décimo terceiro número da série “Cadernos do Cade” discute como o Conselho tem tratado determinadas ações dos agentes atuantes no mercado de saúde suplementar que podem constituir condutas ilícitas, sob o ponto de vista concorrencial, podendo resultar em prejuízos à concorrência e aos consumidores. Trata-se de uma atualização do segundo Caderno do Cade, sobre condutas nos mercados de saúde suplementar, publicado em 2015.
Inovação: o motor do ESG
Authors:   Fundação Dom Cabral, Alberto Arruda de Oliveira Carlos , Braga Carlos ,   Fundação Dom Cabral, Penedo Sardenberg Dalton ,   Fundação Dom Cabral, Pitta Edgard ,   Fundação Dom Cabral, Barcellos Erika ,   Fundação Dom Cabral, Hosomi Spitzeck Heiko ,   Fundação Dom Cabral, Guimarães Stephania ,   Bridge Brazil
Published: January 2022

Inspirados na experiência exitosa do projeto “Economia Digital Passada a Limpo” (economiadigital.fdc.org.br), em que especialistas, acadêmicos, empresários e executivos foram convidados a compartilhar suas experiências sobre os diferentes aspectos da economia digital, decidimos organizar a edição de um e-book sobre o tema Inovação e ESG, combinando experiências e conhecimentos diversos, estudos de casos e entrevistas com líderes empresariais ativistas no tema.
How to typologize Czech anti‑communism: A reflection on three decades of memory conflicts
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic, Slačálek Ondřej
Published: January 2022

The paper is based on an analysis of Czech anti‑communism. It starts with a brief definition of anti‑communism. Then it presents six possible typologies of anti‑communism based on various questions: type of political mission, political background, actual political function, proposed cure, and spatial scope. There then follows a presentation of various phenomena that are framed in an anti‑communist way: the Communist Party, Social Democrats, liberals, the young generation, but also the contemporary West with its “progressivist” tendencies. In the two final sections the paper focuses on comparison in the Central European context. It shows that in the Czech context the transfer of German experience was (in)adequate for different reasons than in the Polish and Hungarian cases, namely because of the dynamics connected with the different trajectories of post‑communist political subjects.
The Communist Party of Slovakia between the liberation and the gain of totalitarian power
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, The Slovak Republic, Syrný Marek
Published: January 2022

This study deals with the tactics, means and methods by which the Communist Party of Slovakia, as a regional branch of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, politically fought for a monopoly of power after the Second World War. First, it briefly describes the development of this party and its acceptance by the Slovak society in the interwar and war period. Then, it presents a picture, analyses and compares the ways in which the Slovak Communists tried to disqualify their insurgent partners and post‑war rivals for power in the political struggle – the Slovak Democrats. It notes the relations between the Slovak and Czech Communists, the transformation of communist propaganda and tactics, conditioned by a single goal – the gain of totalitarian power, the introduction of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the replacement of capitalism by communism. Until the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, the Communists used a variety of democratic, semi‑democratic and outright violent and undemocratic practices to win – from hyperbolizing the party propaganda, via the abuse of mass social organizations and the secret police, to purposeful investigation and intimidation and the threat of using a forceful solution of the political struggle.
Between anarchism and communism: Independent socialists and the attempt for a fourth power in the Bohemian left in 1923–1925
Authors:   Department of Social Science, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, The Czech Republic, Holubec Stanislav
Published: January 2022

The presented study first summaries the development of Czech anarchism (independent socialism), or its nationally orientated part before World War I and its becoming mainstream in Czech politics between 1914 and 1918 culminating in a merger with national social party. It further describes the marginalisation of this stream in Bohemian politics in 1918–1923 given the calming of the post‑war situation and the radicalisation of this group, which culminated in its exclusion from the ranks of the socialist party. The main theme of the text is an analysis of the attempt by this group to build its own party entity in 1923–1925. In looking for the cause of the failure of this attempt, I argue that the Czechoslovak political landscape was stabilised, which made it difficult for new parties to form, even though they could rely on several nationally known personalities and several thousand activists. As a result of the radical left‑wing orientation of the independent socialists, they did not aim for social democracy after realizing their failure, but for the ranks of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), which was close to it mainly because of the Czech anarchists’ admiration for the Bolshevik revolution. In conclusion, I argue that the people representing this stream did not have much success in the Communist Party, because they differed from the members of this party in their rather middle‑class habitus and, as former members of the Socialist Party, they had biographies that were suspicious for the KSČ and they did not gain much respect as it was a group that had been unsuccessful in previous years and was quite small compared to the membership base of the KSČ. The failure of the Czech independent socialists does not deviate from European trends, where the political groups between the Social Democrats and the Communists did not gain a foothold even in other countries in the 1920s and 1930s, because the dilemma of going with Moscow or remaining on the platform of parliamentary democracy did not allow for compromise.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 2 Madapangga Materi Pokok Persegi dan Persegi Panjang melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengn Bantuan Alat Peraga
Authors: Mikrayanti Mikrayanti , Sriaryaningsih Sriaryaningsih , Sari Nila , Ramadan Sahril , Awalia Miftahul
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA SMPN 2 Madapangga disebabkan pembelajaran oleh guru tanpa menggunakan media pembelajaran sehinngga siswa mengalami kesulitan, kurang bersemangat, dan kurang termotivasi dalaam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu agar proses pembelajaran berjalan dengn lancar maka diperlukan media pembelajaran yaang melibatkan siswa secara aktif dalaam proses pembelajaran. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian dengn menggunakan alat peraga yaitu sebagai alat bantu untuk menciptakan proses belajar mengajar yaang efektif. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar melalui penggunaan alat peraga. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengn prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yaang dilaksanakan dalaam dua siklus. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas  VIIA dengn akltivitas belajar siswa siklus 1 pada pertemuan 1 dan 2 bertutut-turut sebesar 14,9 (aktif) dan 17 (sangat aktif) dan pada siklus II pertemuan 1 dan 2 berturut-turut sebesar 17,5 (sangat aktif) dan 17,7 (sangat aktif). Sedangkan untuk prestasi belajar siswa , persentasi ketuntasan klasikal 63,64% pada siklus I dan 90,91% pada siklus II. Nilai ini sudah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengn indikator penelitian yaitu adanya peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIIA, sehinngga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengn penggunaan alat peraga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok himpunan kelas VIIA SMPN 2 Madapangga tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
Association of folic Acid deficiency with Central Nervous System Anomalies, Anencephaly, Spina bifida and Hydrocephalous Diagnosed by Ultrasonography during Embryonic and Fetal period
Authors: Nahra Riasat Ali , Nahra Areeba Riasat , Mobeen Noor ul , Gulzar Arif , Riasat Hafsa , Zafar Ali
Published: January 2022

Aim: To see central nervous system anomaly during pregnancy (anencephaly, hydrocephalus and spina bifida) by ultrasonography associated with folic acid deficiency/ low intake. Study design: cross sectional Site and duration: one year from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021 at Pak Red Crescent Medical & Dental College and teaching Hospital Dina Nath Multan Road Kasur. Method: There was convenient sampling. Written Consent was taken from mothers for participation in study. Pregnant mothers were examined by ultrasonography and color Doppler Machine. Designated proforma was filled by taking history of pregnant mother. Results: The mean age of mothers was 25.oo + 5.00. Most of mothers were in 3rd trimester and Gravida 2. In eleven percent cases CNS anomalies were seen among these 6% were anencephaly and 5% were Spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Conclusion: Central nervous system anomalies were found associated with folic acid low intake by mothers during pregnancy. Keywords: Anencephaly, Hydrocephalus, Spina bifida, Folic acid intake, Ultrasonography.
Hepatotoxic Potential of Doxorubicin in Albino Rats
Authors: Shami Amber , Baloch Muhammad Bahadur , Khalid Attiya Mubarik , Farzana Fouzia , Nasim Maryam , Muneeb Ather Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, but its toxic potential limits its use. Aim: To study the effects of doxorubicin on the relative tissue weight index and hepatic central vein diameter in the albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration of study: Study was conducted on 20 adult albino rats of both male and female gender in the animal house of Anatomy department, (PGMI) Lahore, Pakistan in April 2019. Materials & Methods: Twenty, healthy adult albino rats of either sex, aging 6 to 8 weeks with 180-220 g of weight were randomly allotted to two groups A and B, each group having ten animals. Standard Rat feed and distilled water were given intraperitonially in the dose of 1.2mg/kg/body weight to the control group whereas doxorubicin was given intraperitoneally in the dose of 1.2mg/kg/body weight to the experimental group twice a week for 21 days. Body weight along with relative Tissue Weight Index were measured in gms at the end of the experiment. Diameter of central vein (µm) was assessed histologically. Results: The mean weight of the liver decreased significantly in the experimental group. On the contrary, the relative tissue weight index in all groups were significantly different according to the One-way-ANOVA test. The increase in the diameter of the central vein in the drug administered group commenced on significant basis (p-value < 0.001) Conclusion: Doxorubicin has toxic effect on the relative tissue weight index and hepatic central vein diameter in the albino rats KeyWords: Doxorubicin, Liver weight, relative tissue weight index, Central vein diameter, Liver, Hepatoxicity, Albino rats
Diagnostic Accuracy of Mri in The Detection of Linear Metastasis in Patients with Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Systamatic Review
Authors: Khalid Nadia , Akhtar Muhammad Jamil , Malik Sajid Shaheen , Younas Muhammad , Anjum Nawaz , Mubeen Iqra
Published: January 2022

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease with high mortality rate. Imaging has a significant and decisive interplay in the diagnosis process and in staging of the patients with carcinoma. Thus MRI detection of linear metastasis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma is of great importance. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in the detection of linear metastasis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma Methodology: Systematic literature search was conducted by the help of following search engines: Google scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Medline and Medscape databases from 1999 up to 2020 for names or pancreatic carcinoma, MRI, diagnostic accuracy of MRI in carcinoma, management of motion artifact in MRI, RADAR sequence for motion compensation in MRI. Only those studies were included in this review study which showed the role MRI detection in the patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Total 33 studies were selected and evaluated for the current study. All data extracted from them was further analyzed through meta-analysis. Results: According to literature MRI detection technique is responsible in the detection of linear metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was high with four out of five studies indicating diagnostic accuracy greater than 90%. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the technique is high i.e. above 0.80 and 0.78 respectively. Thus MRI stands as the significant and accurate marker for the detection of metastasis especially in the case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: The reviewed literature indicated that MRI possesses high diagnostic accuracy for detection of pancreatic carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI was also high. The results indicated that the use of MRI may help in early detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Key words: Pancreatic carcinoma, Linear metastasis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Impact of Celecoxib on Serum Creatinine along with Beneficial Effects of Lycopene on Albino Rats; an Observational Study
Authors: Sundus Sadia , Khan Maria , Fatmee Sarwat , Imran Muhammad , Naz Safia , Ajaz Madiah
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the impact of celebrex on serum creatinine with augmentation by lycopene. Study design: observational study. Place of study: Animal House, JPMC, Karachi, Period of study: 4th May 2015 to 3rd June 2015. Materials and Methods: Forty fully-grown male Albino rats of 200-220gm weight and 3-4 months old were reserved for this study and separated into 4 groups, control was selected as A1, In A2 50 mg/kg Celebrex was given by oral route, In A3 50 mg/kg Celebrex was given by oral route along with lycopene and In A4 50mg/kg lycopene was given by oral route. At completion of experimental study, all animals were dissected and preserved. Results: In A2 animals serum creatinine level was significantly elevated, however level was improved in A3 animal group. Conclusion: Experiment discloses that lycopene improve the raised serum levels of A2. Keywords: Celebrex, GI adversity, cyclooxygenase, PG.
Refusal for Dialysis by Acute and Cronic Renal Failiar Patients at Sheikh Ziad Hospital Rahim Yar Khan
Authors: Hussain Abid , Hussain Mazhr , Iqbal Javed
Published: January 2022

Background:- Patients suffering from advanced renal faillairare diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease but acute renal failure patients are diagnosed on early stage. Patients who are admitted in the ward are afraid of hemodialysis. All the patients who were suffering from end stage renal disease or acute renal failier having indications for hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. Patients were asked regarding acceptance or refusal of hemodialysis and the causes of their decisions Socioeconomic, demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between patients who underwent or refuse for hemodialysis. 150 patients were included in this study. Mean ages of the patients were 42.6 ± 15 years. Of all 99 (66%) patients refuse for dialysis while 51 (34%) patients were agreed for dialysis. Patients with AV fistula (30 Vs. 8 % P 0.021) and those with good socioeconomic background, well-educated group 63.1 vs. 39.4 (P=.031) underwent hemodialysis. Hemodialysis will save lives ( 85% ) was a main cause for accepting this modality. Repeated session for dialysis in remaining life (56.4%), poor quality of life with hemodialysis (39%) and fear of severe pain and complication of needle incursion during hemodialysis (45%) were the most common factors causing refusal of hemodialysis. Treatment with homeopathic and herbal medications was more common cause for refusal of hemodialysis specially patients belongs to remote area and low socioeconomic area Keywords: -End stage renal disease, Chronic Kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Acute kidney injury.
Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge among Female Nurses Regarding Pre and Post Angiographic Care
Authors: Kousar Farzana , Yaqoob Adnan , Afzal Muhammad , Khan Mst.Saadia
Published: January 2022

Background: Nurses knowledge plays a very important role in the pre and post angiography care in hospital settings. But unfortunately, there is less attention given to improve nurses’ knowledge. Objective: To assess the improvement in the knowledge among female nurses after intervention regarding pre and post angiography care. Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted at Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology in June to September 2021 on 40 female nurses via a convenient sampling technique used for data collection.16 weeks of planned sessions completed and each individual was facilitated with 16 hours learning hour’s organized in morning and evening shifts according to the participant’s availability. Relatively, pre and post intervention sessions were organized for four months. Results: The results of present interventional program showed a remarkable impact on nurses’ knowledge related to pre and post angiography care. The pre-score was inadequate regarding pre and post angiography care of the participants on the other hand, there was an improvement after 16 weeks of interventional lecture session in the nurses knowledge scores 97.5% (p≤0.00), SD= related to pre and post angiography care. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a great impact on nurses’ knowledge scores after interventional lecture sessions regarding pre and angiography care. So, it is concluded that lecture sessions, seminars and workshops should be arranged on regular basis to keep the nurses knowledge up to date and to get better output. Key words: Nurses ‘Knowledge, Angiography, Care
Understanding Artificial Intelligence in Research Libraries – Extensive Literature Review
Authors: Gasparini Andrea , Kautonen Heli
Published: January 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) now forms a part of various activities in the academic world. AI will also affect how research libraries perform and carry out their services and how the various kinds of data they hold in their repositories will be used in the future. For the moment, the landscape is complex and unclear, and library personnel and leaders are uncertain about where they should lay the path ahead. This extensive literature review provides an overview of how research libraries understand, react to, and work with AI. This paper examines the roles conceived for libraries and librarians, their users, and AI. Finally, design thinking is presented as an approach to solving emerging issues with AI and opening up opportunities for this technology at a more strategic level.
Analysis Of Factors Affecting the Quality of Audit Results at the Bengkulu Province Inspectorate Office
Authors: Shinta Seftya dwi
Published: January 2022

The data used was primary data with auditors working in the provincial and municipal inspectorates in Bengkulu as the respondents. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling method with 30 respondents. The results showed that objectivity, integrity, work experience, competency, and ethics of auditor’s positively and significantly influenced the quality of audit results. While the variables of independency negative and significantly influenced the quality of audit results.
The Influence of Discipline, Speed and Responsiveness of Office boy Work on Work Productivity at PT. Astra International Tbk, Bengkulu Branch
Authors: Meylinda Meylinda , Arianto Tezar
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the Effect of Discipline, Speed , and Responsiveness of Work Office Boys on Work Productivity at PT. Astra International, Tbk. Bengkulu Branch, either partially or simultaneously. Respondents in this study were employees at PT. Astra International, Tbk. Bengkulu branch, totaling 68 people. In this research, the writer uses the method of collecting data by means of observation, distributing questionnaires, or questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used in this study, using instrument test, classical assumption test, analysis of respondents' responses, multiple linear regression analysis, determinant coefficients, and also hypothesis testing. So it can be concluded that the Discipline, Speed and Responsiveness of Work Office boy have a positive and significant effect partially or simultaneously on Work Productivity at PT. Astra International, Tbk. Bengkulu Branch.