bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytological and histological diagnosis of lung cancer in Sardinia and Italy in the 1990s
Authors: Pirina P. , Budroni M. , Esposito S. , Ostera S. , Polo M.F. , Santoru L. , Madeddu G. , Fois A.G. , Ginesu G.C. , Padua G. , Tanda F. , Ginesu F.
Published: February 2016

Background. Up to 30-50% of all lung cancer cases remain without cyto-histological characterisation. The aim of our study was to evaluate retrospectively the proportion of histological and/or cytological diagnosis in patients with lung cancer in Sardinia. Methods. Data was gathered by consulting the hospital registers and case notes of individual patients released from hospital with a diagnosis of Lung Cancer at all medical centres throughout Sardinia. In gathering patientsâ€™ data, we focused our attention on cytological and histological procedures through which allowed the lung cancer was diagnosed. Cancer Registries data was utilised to compare our data with national and Sassari province data. Results. From 1991 to 1996 there was a total of 3146 lung cancer patients registered in Sardinia. 1902 patients (60.5%) had a histological diagnosis, 142 patients (4.5%) a cytological diagnosis while in 1102 patients (35%) the diagnosis was performed without any pathological validation. Conclusions. Our study has shown that lung cancer diagnosis is supported by pathological verification in 65% of cases while in remaining 35% of patients the diagnosis is based only on clinical and radiological reports. In Italy data from Cancer Registries report the percentage of cyto- histological diagnosis to be 70% with the percentage of cytological diagnosis being higher than in Sardinia.
Rapidly progressive organising pneumonia associated with cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with psoriasis
Authors: Messina M. , Scichilone N. , Guddo F. , Bellia V.
Published: February 2016

A 63-year-old woman experienced progressive respiratory distress and psoriatic plaques. The radiographic images showed diffuse interstitial infiltrates. The surgical open lung biopsy revealed an obliteration of the alveolar spaces by plugs of connective tissue distributed within the terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts and spaces. No relevant cause was determined, and she was diagnosed with idiopathic organising pneumonia. The patient was discharged with oral glucocorticosteroid and supplemental oxygen therapy. One month later, the patientâ€™s pulmonary status had progressively worsened, and she was re-admitted. She required higher oxygen concentrations and mechanical ventilation. Pharmacological therapy included high-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide. Serological assays revealed high antibodies titers (both IgM and IgG) to cytomegalovirus. Therefore, ganciclovir was added to the regimen. Despite the therapy, she died as a result of the disease. The review of the current literature on the topic is also presented.
Mycobacterium Bovis infection in children in the same family: transmission through inhalation
Authors: Velayati A.A. , Farnia P. , Boloorsaze M.R. , Sheikholslami M.F. , Khalilzadeh S. , Hakeeme S.S. , Masjedi M.R.
Published: February 2016

Two children in the same family were infected with Mycobacterium bovis (â€œM. bovisâ€). The molecular typing showed an identical source of infection. Althoughon school of thought was that the route of transmission was by ingestion of contaminated dairy milk, in other it was thought to be by air-borne transmission. The presentation highlighted the possibility of M. bovis infection in the pediatrics populations through aerosols.
South African public sector procurement and corruption: Inseparable twins?
Authors: Munzhedzi Pandelani Harry
Published: February 2016

The article seeks to explore the relationship between procurement in the public sector and corruption. Corruption in the procurement process is one of the biggest challenges facing the South Africa government. Procurement in the South African public sector through the tendering process has been used with a particular aim of addressing the past discriminatory practices and policies by empowering the previously disadvantaged majority. It ought to operate within a certain legislative and regulatory framework. However, the article argues that in the process of implementing the good intentions of the government, corruption illegitimises the process. There are also challenges that are associated with public sector procurement, with corruption being the main protagonist. The article also seeks to suggest possible solutions that could be used to address the anomalies. The article further concludes that the main reason for the rife corruption in the public sector is that there is nonadherence to policy prescripts including the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act 1 of 1999) and the Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 (Act 56 of 2003). This enormous predicament may only be addressed if the government were to show will and commitment by punishing offenders who do not comply with the said legislative framework.
Which should be appropriate surgical treatment for subtentorial epidural empyema? Burr-hole evacuation versus decompressive craniectomy: Review of the literature with a case report
Authors: Köksal Vaner , Özgür Abdulkadir , Terzi Suat
Published: February 2016

Subtentorial empyema is a rare intracranial complication of chronic otitis media. Moreover, if not correctly treated, it is a life-threatening infection. Epidural and subdural empyemas on subtentorial space have different effects. This difference is not mentioned in literature. If the distinction can be made, surgical treatment method will be different, and the desired surgical treatment may be less minimal invasive. A 26-year-old male patient was found to have developed epidural empyema in the subtentorial space. We performed a burr-hole evacuation in this case because there was low cerebellar edema, Also, the general condition of the patient was good, the empyema was a convex image on the lower surface of tentorium on magnetic resonance images, and when the dura mater base is reached during mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media, we were observed to drain a purulent material through the epidural space. After 10 days from surgery increased posterior fossa edema caused hydrocephalus. Therefore, ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion was performed. The patient fully recovered and was discharged after 6 weeks. Complete correction in the posterior fossa was observed by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Burr-hole evacuation from inside of the mastoidectomy cavity for subtentorial epidural empyema is an effective and minimal invasive surgical treatment.
Importance of calvaria in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics: A case of ventriculomegaly and sinking flap syndrome after decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Garg Ravi , Aggarwal Ashish , Salunke Pravin
Published: February 2016

Sinking flap syndrome and hydrocephalus are well-known complications of decompressive craniectomy. The underlying pathogenesis and management of these complications are still unclear. We present a case of hydrocephalus and recurrent sinking flap syndrome following decompressive craniectomy. We highlight the pivotal role of calvaria in the management of these complications.
Pneumorrhachis
Authors: Eroglu Umit , Yakar Fatih , Zaimoglu Murat , Ozates Ozgür , Ozgural Onur , Ugur Hasan
Published: February 2016

The presence of air in spinal canal is called as “pneumorrhachis.” Nontraumatic, noniatrogenic spontaneous spinal air is an uncommon case. Peripheral alveoli burst due to the increased pressure in alveoli in the case of trauma, asthma, pneumothorax, or pneumomediastinum. Air pass to the mediastinum and then to retropharyngeal space and reaches to epidural space. In this paper, a 44-year-old female patient who has a spontaneous pneumorrhachis in the epidural space in the spinal canal L5-S1 lumbar level has been presented.
Traumatic bilateral basal ganglia bleed: A report of rare two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kankane Vivek , Gupta Tarun , Jaiswal Gaurav
Published: February 2016

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is relatively uncommon. Bilateral basal ganglia hematoma after trauma is extremely rare and is limited to case reports. We report two cases of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage and review the literature in brief. Both cases were managed conservatively. The general incidence of TBGH is reported between 2.4% and 3% of closed head injury. However, the incidence is higher in postmortem studies (9.8%). Bilateral traumatic basal ganglia hematoma is extremely rare. Descriptions are limited to case reports.
Managing and Communicating Operational Workflow
Authors: Weinberg Stuart , Danciu Ioana , Unertl Kim , Steitz Bryan
Published: February 2016

Healthcare team members in emergency department contexts have used electronic whiteboard solutions to help manage operational workflow for many years. Ambulatory clinic settings have highly complex operational workflow, but are still limited in electronic assistance to communicate and coordinate work activities.

To describe and discuss the design, implementation, use, and ongoing evolution of a coordination and collaboration tool supporting ambulatory clinic operational workflow at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC).

The outpatient whiteboard tool was initially designed to support healthcare work related to an electronic chemotherapy order-entry application. After a highly successful initial implementation in an oncology context, a high demand emerged across the organization for the outpatient whiteboard implementation. Over the past 10 years, developers have followed an iterative usercentered design process to evolve the tool.

The electronic outpatient whiteboard system supports 194 separate whiteboards and is accessed by over 2800 distinct users on a typical day. Clinics can configure their whiteboards to support unique workflow elements. Since initial release, features such as immunization clinical decision support have been integrated into the system, based on requests from end users.

The success of the electronic outpatient whiteboard demonstrates the usefulness of an operational workflow tool within the ambulatory clinic setting. Operational workflow tools can play a significant role in supporting coordination, collaboration, and teamwork in ambulatory healthcare settings.
CO2 emissions from German drinking water reservoirs estimated from routine monitoring data
Authors: Saidi H. , Koschorreck M.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Globally, reservoirs are a significant source of atmospheric CO2. However, precise quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from drinking water reservoirs on the regional or national scale is still challenging. We calculated CO2 fluxes for 39 German drinking water reservoirs during a period of 22 years (1991–2013) using routine monitoring data in order to quantify total emission of CO2 from drinking water reservoirs in Germany. All reservoirs were small net CO2 sources with a median flux of 167 g C m–2 y–1, which makes gaseous emissions a relevant process for the reservoirs carbon budgets. In total, German drinking reservoirs emit 44000 t of CO2 annually, which makes them a negligible CO2 source in Germany. Fluxes varied seasonally with median fluxes of 30, 11, and 46 mmol m–2 d–1 in spring, summer, and autumn respectively. Differences between reservoirs appeared to be primarily caused by the concentration of CO2 in the surface water rather than by the physical gas transfer coefficient. Consideration of short term fluctuations of the gas transfer coefficient due to variable wind had only a minor effect on the annual budgets. High CO2 emission only occurred in reservoirs with pH < 7 and total alkalinity < 0.2 mEq l–1. Annual CO2 emission correlated exponentially with pH, making pH a suitable proxy for CO emission from German drinking water reservoirs.
A 250-year periodicity in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the last 2600 years
Authors: Turney C. S. M. , Jones R. T. , Fogwill C. , Hatton J. , Williams A. N. , Hogg A. , Thomas Z. A. , Palmer J. , Mooney S. , Reimer R. W.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow has a significant influence on the ocean–atmosphere system of the mid- to high latitudes with potentially global climate implications. Unfortunately, historic observations only extend back to the late 19th century, limiting our understanding of multi-decadal to centennial change. Here we present a highly resolved (30-year) record of past westerly wind strength from a Falkland Islands peat sequence spanning the last 2600 years. Situated within the core latitude of Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow (the so-called furious fifties), we identify highly variable changes in exotic pollen and charcoal derived from South America which can be used to inform on past westerly air strength. We find a period of high charcoal content between 2000 and 1000 cal. years BP, associated with increased burning in Patagonia, most probably as a result of higher temperatures and stronger westerly airflow. Spectral analysis of the charcoal record identifies a pervasive ca. 250-year periodicity that is coherent with radiocarbon production rates, suggesting that solar variability has a modulating influence on Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow. Our results have important implications for understanding global climate change through the late Holocene.
FABM-PCLake – linking aquatic ecology with hydrodynamics
Authors: Hu F. , Bolding K. , Bruggeman J. , Jeppesen E. , Flindt M. R. , van Gerven L. , Janse J. H. , Janssen A. B. G. , Kuiper J. J. , Mooij W. M. , Trolle D.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. This study presents FABM-PCLake, a complete redesign of the PCLake aquatic ecosystem model, which we implemented into the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). In contrast to the original model, which was designed for temperate, fully mixed freshwater lakes, the new FABM-PCLake represents an integrated aquatic ecosystem model that enables simulations of hydrodynamics and biogeochemical processes for zero dimensional, one-dimensional as well as three-dimensional heterogeneous environments. FABM-PCLake describes interactions between multiple trophic levels, including piscivorous, zooplanktivorous and benthivorous fish, zooplankton, zoobenthos, three groups of phytoplankton and rooted macrophytes. The model also accounts for oxygen dynamics and nutrient cycling for nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, both within the pelagic and benthic domains. FABM-PCLake includes a two-way communication between the biogeochemical processes and the physics, where some biogeochemical state variables (e.g., phytoplankton) influence light attenuation and thereby the spatial and temporal distributions of light and heat. At the same time, the physical environment, including water currents, light and temperature influence a wide range of biogeochemical processes. The model enables studies on ecosystem dynamics in physically heterogeneous environments (e.g., stratifying water bodies, and water bodies with horizontal gradient in physical and biogeochemical properties), and through FABM also enables data assimilation and multi-model ensemble simulations. Examples of relevant model applications include climate change impact studies and environmental impact assessment scenarios for lakes and reservoirs worldwide.
An optimized treatment for algorithmic differentiation of an important glaciological fixed-point problem
Authors: Goldberg Daniel , Narayanan Sri Hari Krishna , Hascoet Laurent , Utke Jean
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We apply an optimized method to the adjoint generation of a time-evolving land ice model through algorithmic differentiation (AD). The optimization involves a special treatment of the fixedpoint iteration required to solve the nonlinear stress balance, which differs from a straightforward application of AD software, and leads to smaller memory requirements and in some cases shorter computation times of the adjoint. The optimization is done via implementation of the algorithm of Christianson [1994] for reverse accumulation of fixed-point problems, with the AD tool OpenAD. For test problems, the optimized adjoint is shown to have far lower memory requirements, potentially enabling larger problem sizes on memory-limited machines. In the case of the land ice model, implementation of the algorithm allows further optimization by having the adjoint model solve a sequence of linear systems with identical (as opposed to varying) matrices, greatly improving performance. The methods introduced here will be of value to other efforts applying AD tools to ice models, particularly ones which solve a "hybrid" shallow ice / shallow shelf approximation to the Stokes equations.
Total suspended matter derived from MERIS data as indicator for coastal processes in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Kyryliuk D. , Kratzer S.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Total suspended matter (TSM) is an indicator of coastal processes and can be retrieved reliably from MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) data. In this project we used MERIS TSM data from a Swedish coastal monitoring system www.vattenkvalitet.se to evaluate the physical extend of coastal processes. The data set consisted of all viable MERIS scenes during summer (June–August) 2009–2011, covering the whole Baltic Sea area. Monthly composite images were produced for each year, and the monthly composites were subsequently evaluated with regards to terrestrial influence, and the typical features caused by cyanobacteria blooms (typically during July and August). Next, a composite image from early June 2011 was generated in order to exclude a possible influence from cyanobacteria on the patterns of TSM distribution. This early June composite was then used as a basis to evaluate the extent of terrestrial influence using the NW Baltic Proper (Swedish coastal areas) and the SE Baltic Proper (Latvian, Lithuanian and Polish coastal waters) as examples. In both areas the averaged TSM scenes from early June were used to extract transects of TSM data perpendicular to the coast, spanning from coastal to offshore waters. Based on previous bio-optical research in the NW Baltic Sea and on further statistical analysis of MERIS scenes local coastal water thresholds were defined for different areas in the Baltic Sea. Using these local thresholds, it was found that coastal processes in the NW Baltic Sea extend to approximately 15–27 km off-shore, whereas in the SE Baltic Sea the coastal influence extended to about twice the distance i.e. to about 34–52 km off-shore. Next, the trendlines of TSM distribution along transects was evaluated mathematically. The trend line for the NW Baltic proper was best described by a polynomial equation, whereas the trend line from the transect in SE coastal waters was best described logarithmically in areas of high resuspension. These differing trends indicate different hydrological regimes in the two areas, which are mostly driven by a combination of land run-off distributed by diffusional processes, and coastal dynamics driven by local wind exposure. The results demonstrate that ocean colour remote sensing can provide important information for Baltic Sea research and management, as well as for the monitoring of coastal processes. The method allows for an evaluation of the extent of coastal influence, and of seasonal fluctuations in river run-off and phytoplankton dynamics. Furthermore, the concentrations of total suspended matter in the different sub-basins of the entire Baltic Sea can be compared synoptically.
Polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNFA -308 G/A) is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population
Authors: Trevilatto Paula Cristina , De Brito Jr Rui Barbosa , Scarel-Caminaga Raquel Mantuaneli , Pardo Ana Paula de Souza , De Souza Cleber Machado , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Line Sérgio Roberto Peres
Published: February 2016

Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a major mediator of the immune-inflammatory response and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic periodontitis. Polymorphisms in the promoter of the TNFA gene have been associated with some types of inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TNFA (G-308A) gene and chronic periodontitis in Brazilians. Methods: One hundred and thirteen (113) over 25 years were divided according to the severity level of periodontal disease: 44 healthy individuals (control group), 31 subjects with moderate and 38 patients with severe periodontitis. Genomic DNA was obtained from epithelial cells. The samples were analyzed for TNFA (G-308A) polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The significance of the differences in the genotype frequencies of the polymorphism was assessed by Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: No significant differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequency were found between control and groups with periodontitis. Conclusion: It was concluded that TNFA (-308) polymorphism was not associated with chronic periodontitis. Other polymorphisms in this or/and other genes of the host inflammatory response might be involved in determining susceptibility to periodontitis in the study population.
Stealth Radicalism: Teaching Refugee Rights as Human Rights
Authors: Jones Steven
Published: February 2016

In this essay, I describe a Human Rights course in which I focused on refugee rights through a service-learning project with a refugee resettlement agency. I will summarize my own approach to “radical teaching,” my objectives for the course, the course itself, and the impact of the course on the students. Ideally, I would describe the impact on the refugees with whom the students interacted, but I was not able to collect narratives in that regard.
Review: Institutional Time: A Critique of Studio Art Education by Judy Chicago
Authors: Kennedy Christopher
Published: February 2016

The following is a book review of Institutional Time: A Critique of Studio Art Education by Judy Chicago.
Nuevo marco para la producción de textos académicos
Authors: (Didáctica de la escritura) Grupo Didactext
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo presenta la reelaboración de un modelo de producción de textos escritos, publicado por el Grupo Didactext en 2003. Se sitúa en un marco sociocognitivo, lingüístico y didáctico, y está concebido desde la interacción de tres dimensiones simbolizadas por círculos concéntricos recurrentes. El primer círculo corresponde al ámbito cultural: las diversas esferas de la praxis humana en las que está inmersa toda actividad de composición escrita. El segundo se refiere a los contextos de producción, de los que forman parte el contexto social, el situacional, el físico, la audiencia y el medio de composición. El tercer círculo corresponde al individuo, en el que se tiene en cuenta el papel de la memoria en la producción de un texto desde el enfoque sociocultural, la motivación, las emociones y las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas, dentro de las cuales se conciben seis unidades funcionales que actúan en concurrencia: acceso al conocimiento, planificación, redacción, revisión y reescritura, edición, y presentación oral. La orientación didáctica se interesa por la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la escritura académica en las aulas, así como por la investigación de la escritura en contextos de educación.
La enseñanza de las construcciones pasivas e impersonales con "se" en español como L2. ¿Cuántas distinciones son necesarias?
Authors: Cardona Margrete Dyvik
Published: February 2016

Este artículo sugiere un enfoque nuevo a la enseñanza de las dos estructuras gramaticales la pasiva refleja y el “se” impersonal para las clases universitarias de E/LE. Concretamente, se argumenta que las dos se deberían tratar como construcciones pasivas, basada en un análisis léxico-funcional de ellas que enfoca la lingüística contrastiva. Incluso para la instrucción de E/LE, se recomienda una aproximación contrastiva en la que se enfocan tanto la reflexión metalingüística como la competencia del estudiante en el L2. Específicamente, el uso de córpora lingüísticos en la clase forma una parte integral de la instrucción. El uso de un corpus estimula la curiosidad del estudiante, le expone a material de lengua auténtica, y promulga la reflexión inductiva independiente.
Educación intercultural, diversidad y creatividad en el aula a través del teatro: los títeres
Authors: Oltra Albiach Miquel A.
Published: February 2016

La educación intercultural y el tratamiento de la diversidad en la escuela son sin duda algunos de los aspectos de la educación sobre los que más se ha escrito en las últimas décadas. Con el presente trabajo pretendemos hacer un recorrido por los planteamientos más actuales en la educación intercultural, así como la profundización en la idea de creatividad y en el trabajo colaborativo como formas eficaces de afrontar el reto que nos plantea la diferencia. Finalmente, propondremos literatura, concretamente el teatro de títeres, como herramienta didáctica óptima para el trabajo intercultural en todos los niveles educativos, partiendo de la valoración positiva de la diversidad en sus múltiples significados.
Enseñar fraseología: consideraciones sobre la fraseodidáctica del español
Authors: Núñez-Román Francisco
Published: February 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de la fraseología en los niveles de enseñanza obligatoria y proponer una serie de actividades cuyo objetivo sea desarrollar la competencia fraseológica de hablantes nativos de español. Tras mostrar la importancia de la fraseología como parte fundamental del caudal lingüístico de un hablante nativo y defender la existencia de la competencia fraseológica también en lengua materna, se examina la presencia de la fraseología en las diferentes vertientes de la competencia en comunicación lingüística del actual currículo: pragmática, lingüística, sociolingüística y literaria. Se indica, además, el importante papel que puede jugar al abordar determinados contenidos desde una perspectiva transversal (fraseología y cultura). Para finalizar, se hacen algunas propuestas sobre cómo debe presentarse la fraseología en lengua materna y se presentan diferentes actividades según el nivel de enseñanza.
Small Consolation? Goscelin of St. Bertin's Liber confortatorius and the Middle English Pearl
Authors: Watt Diane
Published: February 2016

This article explores the evocative parallels between Goscelin of St. Bertin's Liber confortatorius and the Middle English Pearl, focusing in particular on the allusive female figures at the heart of each text. In examining the similarities, it pays close attention to the representation of death and the afterlife. Both Goscelin's Liber and Pearl are consolatory poems, although the Liber is often read primarily as an early guide for a woman recluse. This article argues that placing Pearl within the same anchoritic tradition, a tradition strongly embedded within medieval women's literary culture, throws new light on the poem.
The Sea Ground and the London Street: The Ascetic Self in Julian of Norwich and Thomas Hoccleve
Authors: Appleford Amy
Published: February 2016

This article compares aspects of the work of Julian of Norwich and Thomas Hoccleve and argues that they both seek to inhabit the cultural identity of the ascetic. Preoccupied especially with a specific instantiation of that identity—the figure of Job as mediated through the Office of the Dead—Julian's A Revelation of Love and Hoccleve's Series think and move within the terms of a single religious discourse, one neither penitential nor affective. Complicating gender identity in quite explicit and direct ways, this common ascetic discourse self-consciously situates author and work alike at the intersection of the sheer materiality of bodily experience and the production of literary form.
Chaucer, the Chaucer Tradition, and Female Monastic Readers
Authors: Warren Nancy Bradley
Published: February 2016

Although the monastic characters in the Canterbury Tales have received considerable critical attention, the engagement of actual monastic readers, especially female monastic readers, with Geoffrey Chaucer's works and works in the Chaucerian tradition has been little studied. This essay considers the ways in which women religious at the Benedictine nunnery of Amesbury and the Brigittine nunnery of Syon read and used works by Chaucer, as well as works by John Lydgate and Thomas Hoccleve that form part of the Chaucerian tradition, in the later medieval and early modern periods. Nuns in these communities read such potentially surprising texts as Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls, Lydgate's Siege of Thebes, and Hoccleve's Regiment of Princes. The women religious of Amesbury and Syon drew upon these texts to develop rhetorical strategies and courses of action in complex political situations. Furthermore, the texts played important roles in the sophisticated devotional cultures of these monastic communities.
Os programas de assistência estudantil do ensino supeior no Brasil: a experiência da UTFPR-Dois Vizinhos
Authors: Palavezzini Juliana , Mary Guimarães Nogueira Francis Mary
Published: February 2016

Este artigo resulta da pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado em Educação na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) e objetiva analisar a contribuição das políticas de assistência estudantil, como forma de proporcionar condições de acesso, permanência e conclusão de curso, tendo por base a experiência da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), campus de Dois Vizinhos. Nas últimas décadas, o governo federal tem apresentado propostas de expansão do ensino superior, bem como políticas de assistência estudantil. O estudo pretende mostrar como se constituiu o Estado Burguês e como a ideologia burguesa influencia as ações do Estado, sustentando as proposições das políticas sociais, particularmente as educacionais. Objetiva-se, ainda, compreender a configuração atual da política de educação superior brasileira, focando nos atuais contornos normativos da assistência estudantil. Para finalizar, busca-se analisar a experiência da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus de Dois Vizinhos, traçando assim algumas considerações sobre a temática. A partir da pesquisa quantitativa realizada com os dados do Sistema Acadêmico da UTFPR-DV, dos documentos e normativas da instituição (editais, regulamentos, relatórios etc.), observa-se que os principais resultados e conclusões sinalizam que os programas de assistência estudantil têm sido fundamentais para a permanência dos alunos com dificuldades socioeconômicas no ensino superior.
Considerações acerca das condições de vida de idosos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Meira Saulo Sacramento , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Anjos Ana Carolina França dos , Silva Doane Martins da
Published: February 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas e das condições de saúde de idosos corresidentes no município de Minas Gerais, vez que, a maior expectativa de vida tem despertado para a necessidade de caracterização das populações idosas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de delineamento transversal, tipo inquérito domiciliar de base populacional, realizado com 279 idosos através de uma amostragem sistemática sem reposição com intervalo de amostragem de 2, entre os indivíduos residentes na zona urbana e rural com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos, cadastrados nas (3) três Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) que compõe o município de Salto da Divisa e que não apresentavam déficit cognitivo mensurado pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS), tabulados no EpiInfo® 7.7.0.6  e analisados no SPSS® 15.0. Como principais achados houve predominância do sexo feminino (58,8%), sem escolaridade (64,2%), com renda de até 1 SM (81,7%), tenderam a coabitar mais com os netos (71,0%), estavam satisfeitos com os coabitantes (89,6%), possuíram autopercepção de saúde boa (60,6%), consideraram-se felizes com a vida (92,8%) e com boas expectativas para o futuro (52,0%). O estudo revelou que apesar dos baixos determinantes sociais, os idosos em estado de corresidência no município possuíram bons aspectos psicossociais e sentimentos positivos diante a vida, sugerindo que a configuração do ambiente familiar tem sido satisfatório para os participantes.
Alinhamentos de governação e a situação de sem-abrigo em Portugal: Perigos e insuficiências da orientação para/pelo mercado
Authors: Ferreira Sónia Mairos
Published: February 2016

No presente artigo analisam-se, criticamente, as implicações da implementação de um estilo governativo orientado pelo e para o mercado, e de matriz reflexiva, no que respeita à problemática da situação de sem-abrigo. Para este efeito exploram-se, num primeiro momento, as componentes chave deste alinhamento na UE, apontando-se as suas intencionalidades e efeitos (in)diretos, particularmente no que concerne as políticas e práticas de conceitualização e intervenção neste domínio. O ponto seguinte é devotado à reflexão crítica sobre as especificidades do caso Português, elencando-se as prioridades manifestas e apontando, com base em referentes ilustrativos múltiplos, as incongruências e insuficiências de maior relevo.
A responsabilização da família brasileira a partir do desenho das políticas sociais compensatórias e focalizadas
Authors: Gonçalves Aline Chiesa
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo visa problematizar a responsabilização das famílias brasileiras pela eficácia das políticas sociais compensatórias e focalizadas, orientadas pelo Banco Mundial, mostrando a concepção ideológica e política de tal organismo a partir das novas prescrições (1995), que foram somadas a primeira reunião do Consenso de Washington (1989). Para tanto o trabalho irá desenvolver-se dentro de três eixos de análise: Qual a concepção de política social para o Banco Mundial? O segundo irá abordar um modelo brasileiro de política social compensatória e focalizada, o Programa de Transferência de Renda Bolsa Família, e o último eixo irá tratar da questão da responsabilização das famílias pela eficácia de tais políticas.
Movimentos sociais pelo transporte coletivo no Brasil manifestações, estratégias de luta e desafios
Authors: Assad Kader Carvalho , Queiróz Imar Domingos
Published: February 2016

O artigo trata dos movimentos sociais pelo transporte coletivo no Brasil, enfatizando suas trajetórias, agendas e estratégias de luta pelo acesso ao transporte, entendido como condição imprescindível não apenas para a democratização do espaço urbano, mas também para o acesso aos direitos civis, políticos, sociais, econômicos, culturais e ambientais. A revisão de literatura revela que na trajetória analisada os movimentos pelo transporte recorreram a diferentes estratégias: de manifestações espontâneas como os quebra-quebras e interdição de vias públicas à organização em coletivos abertos e descentralizados; de reivindicações contra o aumento no preço das passagens e protestos contra as péssimas condições de manutenção dos veículos à luta pela gratuidade e estatização do sistema, revelando assim o caráter radical e anticapitalista que adquiriram as lutas desencadeadas nos últimos anos.
Mídia, controle social e criminalização da juventude
Authors: De Oliveira Azevedo Anna Carolina , Magalhães Fernandes Rômulo
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo trata do papel da mídia, tendo em vista a tendência do expansionismo penal e a criminalização da juventude. Atualmente, o continente latino-americano, e o Brasil especificamente, vivem um contexto de violência que pressiona os diferentes setores do Estado na busca de novas alternativas de controle social. Essas saídas, na maioria das vezes, são cunhadas pelo pragmatismo e pela desconsideração das verdadeiras raízes do problema. Nessa perspectiva, aborda-se a questão a partir de uma metodologia teórica, consistente em revisão bibliográfica, com ênfase na doutrina latino-americana, que abarca, sobretudo, institutos da Sociologia Jurídica, da Criminologia Crítica e do Direito Penal.
Exploração-dominação masculina no contexto capitalista
Authors: Olivio Maria Cecilia
Published: February 2016

O presente texto que tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre alguns aspectos da simbiose entre capitalismo e patriarcado, a partir da compreensão da manutenção/vigência da dominação-exploração masculina. Apresenta breve dicussão sobre a categoria trabalho e a constituição do ser social. Contextualiza a discussão sobre as Relações Sociais de Sexo e o Patriarcado e considera que as relações sociais de sexo têm sua base material dada pela organização social capitalista que atribuem posições desiguais e hierarquizadas para mulheres e homens, ou seja, que esta conformação mantém a exploração-dominação masculina
Survey on Different Samsung with Nokia Smart Mobile Phones in the Specific Absorption Rate Electrical Field of Head
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Alinejad Azim , Kramatee Hassan , Bay Abotaleb , Awazpoor Moayed , Zandsalimi Yahya , Moradi Bigard , Rasouli Amirhajeloo Leila , Mirzaei Maryam
Published: February 2016

The use of smart phones is increasing in the world. This excessive use, especially in the last two decades, has created too much concern on the effects of emitted electromagnetic fields and specific absorption rate on human health. In this descriptive-analytical study of the electric field resulting from smart phones of Samsung and Nokia by portable measuring device, electromagnetic field, Model HI-3603-VDT/VLF, were measured. Then, head absorption rate was calculated in these two mobiles by ICNIRP equation. Finally, the comparison of specific absorption rate, especially between Samsung and Nokia smart phones, was conducted by T-Test statistics analysis. The mean of electric field for Samsung and Nokia smart mobile phones was obtained 1.8 ±0.19 v/m  and 2.23±0.39 v/m , respectively, while the range of the electric field was obtained as 1.56-2.21 v/m and 1.69-2.89 v/m for them, respectively. The mean of specific absorption rate in Samsung and Nokia was obtained 0.002 ± 0.0005 W/Kg and 0.0041±0.0013 W/Kg at the frequency of 900 MHz and 0.004±0.001 W/Kg and 0.0062±0.0002 W/Kg at the frequency of 1800 MHz respectively. The ratio of mean electronic field to guidance in the Samsung mobile phone at the frequency of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz was 4.36% and 3.34%, while was 5.62% and 4.31% in the Nokia mobile phone, respectively. The ratio of mean head specific absorption rate in smart mobile phones of Samsung and Nokia in the guidance level at the frequency of 900 was 0.15% and 0.25%, respectively, while was 0.23 %and 0.38% at the frequency of 1800 MHz, respectively. The rate of specific absorption of Nokia smart  mobile phones at the frequencies of 900 and 1800 MHz  was significantly higher than Samsung (p value <0.05). Hence, we can say that in a fixed period, health risks of Nokia smart phones is higher than Samsung smart mobile phone.
School-Based and PRECEDE-PROCEED-Model Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in the High School Students: Case Study of Iran
Authors: Rezapour Baratali , Mostafavi Firoozeh , Khalkhali Hamid Reza
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVES: Students attend sedentary life style and less like vigorous physical activity. This study investigated the effects of School-based intervention on increasing physical activity for decreasing obesity among high-school obese and overweight boys, based on the components of PRECEDE PROCEED Model, to participate in median - vigorous physical activity among the first Period of high school boys in the city of Urmia, Iran

METHODS: This study was an experimental intervention that conducted at 4 high schools that were divided into 2 groups of intervention (40) and the control (40) male students, schools in junior high schools in Urmia.

RESULTS: Three and six months after the intervention, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups of schools, in the amount of students’ participation in vigorous physical activity (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the school-based intervention and components of PRECEDE PROCEED Model had a positive impact on the improvement of physical activity and decrease in physical inactivity among the students.
Comparison of Dietary Intake between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women and Controls
Authors: Shishehgar Farnaz , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Mirmiran Parvin , Hajian Sepideh , Baghestani Ahmad Reza , Moslehi Nazanin
Published: February 2016

Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrinopathy affecting women in reproductive age. The crucial role of obesity and insulin resistance in progression of metabolic and cardiovascular features of PCOS has been confirmed. Although it has been suggested that there is a possible association between dietary pattern and risk of PCOS, few studies investigating the diet composition of PCOS women. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary intakes between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and eumenorrheic non hirsute women. This was a case control study of 142 women with PCOS and 140 eumenorrheic non hirsute healthy age and BMI matched controls. We compared the dietary intakes of our study group using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using T-test or Mann-Whitney to compare the means of two groups. One way Anova was used to compare the tertiles of GI and GL in each group and a two way ANOVA was used to compare between tertiles of GI-GL and groups. The results demonstrated that energy and macronutrient intakes in PCOS women compared to controls were similar. PCOS group consumed more food items with high glycemic index (p=0.042) and less legumes (P=0.026) and vegetables (p=0.037) than controls. Both groups in the highest tertile of glycemic load (GL) had higher body mass index and waist circumference. Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that PCOS women had a dietary pattern that was characterized by a higher consumption of high GI food items and lower legumes and vegetables.
Investigation of Nursing Students’ Verbal Communication Quality during Patients’ Education in Zahedan Hospitals: Southeast of Iran
Authors: Kiani Fatemeh , Balouchi Abbas , Shahsavani Alireza
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: Proper communication with patients plays an important role in nursing cares.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was Investigation of nursing students’ verbal communication quality during patients’ Education in Zahedan hospitals: southeast of Iran

MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 nursing students in two Educational hospitals of Zahedan, Iran from November 2013 through March 2014.sampling method was census. Researcher made checklist was used to gather the data. Statistical tests of frequency distribution, mean, SD and chi-squire were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: Most of the students in the start N=45 (47.4%) and during N=48(50.5%) of verbal communication with the patients had the good verbal communication but in the end of communication the patients most students N=33 (34.7%) had average verbal communication and N=31 (32.6%) of them had poor verbal communication.

CONCLUSION: Since quality of verbal communication in the end of patient education is poor and good communication between the patient and nurse is the basic component of patient care and its Educational plans should be coordinated with clinical practices and be parallel to it, also effective methods must be used.
Risk Propensity, Gambling Cognition and Gambling Behavior: The Role of Family and Peer Influences
Authors: Situ Jianbin , Mo Ziying
Published: February 2016

Drawing on learning style theory (Curry, 1983), the present study examines the influence of risk propensity on gambling behavior by focusing on the mediating role of gambling cognition and the moderating role of both familial monitoring and peer gambling. Applying a survey of 207 local residents and tourists in Macau, we found that risk propensity positively related to gambling behavior through its influences on facilitating gambling cognition controlled by familial monitoring; and gambling cognition also positively linked to gambling behavior moderated by peer gambling. Moreover, the moderated path analysis suggests that familial monitoring weakened risk propensity’s direct influence on gambling cognition, and peer gambling strengthened the relationship between gambling cognition and gambling behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Intelligent Practical Reasoning for Autonomous Agents: An Introduction
Authors: Walton Douglas
Published: February 2016

This paper is an introduction to recent work on practical (means-end, goal-directed) reasoning in artificial intelligence. By using an example of community deliberation concerning whether to change to a no-fault system of insurance, it is explained how practical reasoning is used in public deliberation. It is shown how argument mapping and argumentation schemes are useful tools for modeling the structure of the argumentation in such cases. The distinction between instrumental practical reasoning and value-based practical reasoning is modeled using argumentation schemes.
Multidimensional Polarization, Social Classes, and Societal Conflict: Evidence from Medieval Towns
Authors: Thaize Challier Marie-Christine
Published: February 2016

The paper focuses on the nature of a population distribution (polarized or not) and its possible influence on societal conflict. Despite theoretical and empirical studies on the link between population’s polarization and social conflict, the relationship remains in question. Up to now, the role of a multidimensional polarization has been neglected and the determination of social classes by their roles and functions (and not by their resource level) has been ignored. To extend the research, we first define a multidimensional polarization index and approach it empirically through quantitative and qualitative data (often textual data) over a very long period in accordance with the historiographical method. First, this paper refutes the stereotype of a medieval French urban population polarized between rich and poor. Second, over the same period, we build a database of the intensity and occurrence of societal conflict on a sample of twenty-four French towns. The paper finds that over time the low initial degree of the population’s polarization continued to decline while societal violence was increasing. Third, whereas polarization is excluded as a determinant of societal conflict, the inter-group heterogeneity measure (or social distance) highlights some relationships. The results show that societal upheavals may be quite connected with the social distance index defined between the high and middle classes; moreover, this social unrest may be greatly related with the index defined between the high and the low classes. By contrast, the results find an outbreak of societal conflicts when social distances between the middle and low classes decrease.
Cutting Corners or Enhancing Efficiency?
Authors: Brosh Ehud
Published: February 2016

Cutting Corners or Enhancing Efficiency?

Israel was spared the worst of the world financial crisis of 2008-2009. However, austerity concerns are by no means invisible in the developments in the field of civil procedure. These concerns correlate heavily with the long-standing Israeli preoccupation with ‘speeding up’ justice. An array of simplified procedural tracks, aimed at addressing the perceived inadequacy of ‘standard’ procedure, have been developed in Israel over the years. The importance of simplified procedures in the Israeli system cannot be overestimated. Their development illustrates the dialectical tension between the values of ‘efficiency’ and ‘quality’ in the administration of justice. During periods of austerity, the scales are easily (or easier) tipped in favour of efficiency and general or particular simplification of procedure. In times of prosperity, on the other hand, concerns over ‘quality’, access to justice, and truth discovery predominate, and attempts at promoting efficiency and/or simplification at their expense tend to be bogged down. Such attempts also tend to lose their extrinsic legitimacy and are widely viewed as ‘cutting corners’. This is evident in the recent Israeli experience with civil procedure reform.