bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting relational security among early adolescent girls
Authors: Latack Jessica A. , Davila Joanne
Published: August 2015

The current study used multiple informants to examine the impact of relationship experiences with parents and romantic partners on relational security among early adolescent girls, over a 1-year period. Seventy-one early adolescent girls and their primary caregivers participated at Time 1 and 1 year later (Time 2). Findings suggest that both parental and romantic relationship experiences impact relational security during early adolescence. The most consistent findings from the current study were the ability of romantic rejection to alter the relational security of early adolescent girls as well as the importance of parent–adolescent attachment security in predicting comfort with intimacy.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on arm function and decreasing unilateral spatial neglect in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cha Hyun Gyu , Kim Myoung Kwon
Published: August 2015

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the functional recovery of stroke patients with unilateral neglect.

Design:

Randomized controlled experimental study.

Setting:

Outpatient rehabilitation hospital.

Subjects:

Thirty patients with stroke were randomly assigned to two groups: an rTMS group (experimental) and a control group.

Interventions:

Stroke patients in the experimental group underwent comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and rTMS. Stroke patients in the control group underwent sham therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy. Participants in both groups received therapy 5 days per week for 4 weeks.

Main measures:

Line bisection, Albert, Box and block and Grip strength tests were assessed before and after the four-week therapy period.

Results:

A significant difference in the post-training gains in Line bisection (16.53 SD 9.78 vs. 3.60 SD 5.02), Albert (14.13 SD 4.92 vs. 3.26 SD 2.01), Box and block (15.06 SD 9.68 vs. 6.93 SD 7.52), and Grip strength tests (3.60 SD 2.66 vs 0.80 SD 1.26) was observed between the experimental group and the control group ( P<0.05). In addition, the effect size for gains in the experimental and control groups was very strong in AT, BBT (effect size=2.15, 0.77 respectively).

Conclusion:

We conclude that rTMS might be effective in improvement in reduction of the unilateral neglect and motor function.
Acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition predict smoking lapse in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Vrana Scott R , Calhoun Patrick S , Dennis Michelle F , Kirby Angela C , Beckham Jean C
Published: August 2015

Most smokers who attempt to quit lapse within the first week and are ultimately unsuccessful in their quit attempt. Nicotine withdrawal exacerbates cognitive and attentional problems and may be one factor in smoking relapse. The startle reflex response and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the response are sensitive to arousal and early attentional dysregulation. The current study examined whether startle response and PPI are related to early smoking lapse, and if this differs in people with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants with ( N = 34) and without ( N = 57) PTSD completed a startle reflex and PPI assessment during (1) ad lib smoking (2) on the first day of abstinence during a quit attempt. Most (88%) participants lapsed within the first week of the quit attempt. PTSD status predicted shorter time to lapse. Larger startle magnitude and greater PPI predicted a longer duration before smoking lapse. When diagnostic groups were examined separately, greater PPI predicted a longer successful quit attempt only in participants with a PTSD diagnosis. The startle reflex response and PPI may provide an objective, neurophysiological evaluation of regulation of arousal and early attentional processes by nicotine, which are important factors in smoking cessation success.
Concentrations of MDPV in rat striatum correlate with the psychostimulant effect
Authors: Novellas Judith , López-Arnau Raúl , Carbó Marcel·li , Pubill David , Camarasa Jorge , Escubedo Elena
Published: August 2015

3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone or MDPV is a synthetic cathinone with psychostimulant properties more potent than cocaine. We quantified this drug in the striatum after subcutaneous administration to rats. MDPV reached the brain around 5 min after its administration and peaked at 20–25 min later. The elimination half-life in the striatum (61 min) correlates with the decrease in the psychostimulant effect after 60 min. Around 11% of the administered dose reached the striatum and, considering a homogeneous brain distribution, we determined that around 86% of the plasma MDPV is distributed to the brain. MDPV induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity, rearing behaviour and stereotypies, all prevented by haloperidol. A plot of locomotor activity or stereotypies versus MDPV striatal concentrations over time showed a direct relationship between factors. No free MDPV metabolites were detected in plasma, at any time, but hydrolysis with glucuronidase allowed us to identify mainly three metabolites, one of them for the first time in rat plasma. The present results contribute to evidence that MDPV induces hyperlocomotion mainly through a dopamine-dependent mechanism. Good correlation between behavioural effects and striatal levels of MDPV leads us to conclude that its psychostimulant effect is mainly due to a striatal distribution of the substance. The present research provides useful information on the pharmacokinetics of MDPV, and can help design new experiments with kinetics data as well as provide a better understanding of the effects of MDPV in humans and its potential interactions.
Kynurenine pathway (KP) inhibitors: Novel agents for the management of depression
Authors: Hazari Nandita , Bhad Roshan
Published: August 2015

Depression is a highly prevalent and severely disabling condition globally. Despite being a major cause of disability worldwide, little progress has been made in the last three decades in developing rational and novel pharmacological treatment options for the management of depression. Recently there has been growing interest in the role of kynurenine pathway in pathophysiology of depression. In this paper, the potential role of kynurenine pathway inhibitors in the management of depression particularly in secondary and reactive depression and the development of novel antidepressant drugs targeting kynurenine pathway are discussed.
Altered CB1 receptor coupling to G-proteins in the post-mortem caudate nucleus and cerebellum of alcoholic subjects
Authors: Erdozain Amaia M , Rubio Marina , Meana J Javier , Fernández-Ruiz Javier , Callado Luis F
Published: August 2015

Biochemical, pharmacological and genetic evidence suggests the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in alcohol dependence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the state of CB1 receptors in post-mortem caudate nucleus, hippocampus and cerebellum of alcoholic subjects.

CB1 protein levels were measured by Western blot, CB1 receptor density and affinity by [3H]WIN55,212-2 saturation assays and CB1 functionality by [35S]GTPγS binding assays. Experiments were performed in samples from 24 subjects classified as non-suicidal alcoholics ( n = 6), suicidal alcoholics ( n = 6), non-alcoholic suicide victims ( n = 6) and control subjects ( n = 6).

Alcoholic subjects presented hyperfunctional CB1 receptors in the caudate nucleus resulting in a higher maximal effect in both alcoholic groups compared to the non-alcoholic groups ( p < 0.001). Conversely, in the cerebellum the non-suicidal alcoholic subjects showed hypofunctional receptors with lower maximal effect and potency ( p < 0.001). No changes were found in the CB1 protein expression in either region. In the hippocampus of alcoholic subjects, no changes were observed either in the functionality, density or protein levels.

Our data support an association between endocannabinoid system activity and alcoholism. The modifications reported here could be either a consequence of high lifetime ethanol consumption or a vulnerability factor to develop alcohol addiction.
Ultrasound-guided aspiration of wrist ganglions: a follow-up survey of patient satisfaction and outcomes
Authors: Zeidenberg Joshua , Aronowitz Jessica G , Landy David C , Owens Patrick W , Jose Jean
Published: August 2015

Background

Ganglion cysts are one of the most frequently occurring masses of the wrist, often causing pain and interfering with daily activity. Ultrasound (US)-guided aspiration is a treatment for ganglion cysts of the wrist.

Purpose

To examine the results and patient satisfaction of US-guided aspiration of wrist ganglion cysts.

Material and Methods

Medical records from August 2009 through December 2013 were reviewed to identify all adult patients referred to a single musculoskeletal radiologist for US-guided aspiration of a painful wrist ganglion cyst. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, cyst size, location, and morphology. Outcomes and patient satisfaction were evaluated using a telephone questionnaire at a minimum of 9 months after the procedure.

Results

Of 56 consecutive patients identified, follow-up data were available for 39 patients (69%) at a minimum of 9 months. There were 21 volar and 18 dorsal ganglion cysts. The overall recurrence rate was 20% (8 of 39 patients) and only five patients reported a pain score of greater than 2 out of 10. The mean age of patients with recurrence of the cyst was greater than that of patients without recurrence (52 vs. 35 years, P = 0.03). Satisfaction with the outcome was high and varied by recurrence. There were no acute complications including infection, hemorrhage, or allergic reaction.

Conclusion

US-guided aspiration is a safe and potentially effective treatment for ganglion cysts of the wrist, with high patient satisfaction. US-guided aspiration may be particularly advantageous for volar ganglion cysts, and in patients who are poor surgical candidates.
Nasal Cavity Masses Resembling Chondro-osseous Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartomas in 3 Dogs
Authors: LaDouceur E. E. B. , Michel A. O. , Lindl Bylicki B. J. , Cifuentes F. F. , Affolter V. K. , Murphy B. G.
Published: August 2015

Chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (COREAHs) are rare tumors in the nasal cavity of people, which have not been described in other species. COREAHs in people are minimally invasive and rarely recur following excision. Histologically, these tumors are composed of disorganized, mature, nasal turbinate tissue that is organized into polypoid growths. These growths are lined by respiratory epithelium, contain glandular elements, and are organized around central cores of chondro-osseous matrix. This report describes 3 cases of dogs with nasal tumors that have histomorphology similar to that of COREAH in people. The tumors were all identified within the nasal cavity and were associated with regional bony lysis of the turbinates and surrounding skull bones, a feature that has not been reported in COREAH in people. There was no evidence of metastasis or extension beyond the nasal cavity in any of the 3 cases.
Evidence of the Primary Afferent Tracts Undergoing Neurodegeneration in Horses With Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy Based on Calretinin Immunohistochemical Localization
Authors: Finno C. J. , Valberg S. J. , Shivers J. , D’Almeida E. , Armién A. G.
Published: August 2015

Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM) is characterized by a symmetric general proprioceptive ataxia in young horses, and is likely underdiagnosed for 2 reasons: first, clinical signs overlap those of cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy; second, histologic lesions—including axonal spheroids in specific tracts of the somatosensory and motor systems—may be subtle. The purpose of this study was (1) to utilize immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to trace axons in the spinocuneocerebellar, dorsal column–medial lemniscal, and dorsospinocerebellar tracts in healthy horses and (2) to determine the IHC staining characteristics of the neurons and degenerated axons along the somatosensory tracts in EDM-affected horses. Examination of brain, spinal cord, and nerves was performed on 2 age-matched control horses, 3 EDM-affected horses, and 2 age-matched disease-control horses via IHC for calbindin, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, parvalbumin, calretinin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Primary afferent axons of the spinocuneocerebellar, dorsal column–medial lemniscal, and dorsospinocerebellar tracts were successfully traced with calretinin. Calretinin-positive cell bodies were identified in a subset of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, suggesting that calretinin IHC could be used to trace axonal projections from these cell bodies. Calretinin-immunoreactive spheroids were present in EDM-affected horses within the nuclei cuneatus medialis, cuneatus lateralis, and thoracicus. Neurons within those nuclei were calretinin negative. Cell bodies of degenerated axons in EDM-affected horses are likely located in the dorsal root ganglia. These findings support the role of sensory axonal degeneration in the pathogenesis of EDM and provide a method to highlight tracts with axonal spheroids to aid in the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease.
On conveying and not conveying expertise
Authors: Rappert Brian , Coopmans Catelijne
Published: August 2015

This article attends to the movement between disclosing and non-disclosing in accounts of expertise. While referencing discussions about tacit knowledge (‘experts know more than they can say’) and the politics of non-disclosure (‘withholding can help as well as harm the credibility of experts’), in the main it considers how experts move between conveying and not conveying in order to make their proficiencies recognized and accessible to others. The article examines this movement through a form that partakes in it, thus drawing attention to conventions and tensions in how authors make themselves accountable, and their subject matter available, to audiences. It thereby proposes to explore the possibilities of careful, and generative, non-disclosure as part of expert writing practices.
University Researcher and Law Enforcement Collaboration
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C. , Akins Scott , Sassaman Jon , Jackson Scott , Elwer Ken , Lanfear Charles , Amorim Mariana , Stevens Katelyn
Published: August 2015

In 2012, heads of local law enforcement agencies in Benton County, Oregon, contacted researchers at Oregon State University to discuss a problem: a sharp rise in the number of contacts between police and suspects displaying symptoms of mental illness. This initial inquiry led to an ongoing collaborative examination of the nature, causes, and consequences of the rise in police contacts. In this article, the authors describe this collaboration between researchers and law enforcement officials from the perspective of both parties, situating it within the context of mental illness in the U.S. criminal justice system. The collaborators draw on firsthand experiences and prior collaborations to discuss the benefits of, challenges in, and recommendations for university–police research collaborations. Although such collaborations may pose challenges (related to relationship definition, data collection and analysis, outputs, and relationship maintenance), the potential benefits—for researchers and law enforcement agencies—are substantial.
The Epidemiology of Primary Anterior Shoulder Dislocations in Patients Aged 10 to 16 Years
Authors: Leroux Timothy , Ogilvie-Harris Darrell , Veillette Christian , Chahal Jaskarndip , Dwyer Tim , Khoshbin Amir , Henry Patrick , Mahomed Nizar , Wasserstein David
Published: August 2015

Background:

Clinical studies of shoulder dislocations typically include adult patients (>16 years of age). Only small case series of patients aged 10 to 16 years are available to guide management.

Purpose:

Using a cohort of patients aged 10 to 16 years, this study sought to determine (1) the incidence density rate (IDR) of primary anterior shoulder dislocations requiring closed reduction (CR) and (2) the rate of and risk factors for repeat shoulder CR.

Study Design:

Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

With use of administrative databases, patients aged 10 to 16 years who underwent CR of a primary anterior shoulder dislocation in Ontario, Canada, between April 2002 and September 2010 were gathered. IDRs for the entire cohort and demographic subgroups were calculated. The main outcome, repeat shoulder CR, was sought until September 2012. The cumulative incidence of repeat CR was calculated at multiple time points for the entire cohort and age subgroups. A competing risk model identified risk factors for repeat CR (reported as hazard ratios [HRs] with 95% CIs).

Results:

There were 1937 patients aged 10 to 16 years who underwent primary CR (median age, 15.0 years; 79.7% male). The incidence of primary CR was highest among male patients aged 16 years (164.4 per 100,000 person-years), but primary dislocations were rare in 10- to 12-year-old children (n = 115; 5.9% of all dislocations). Repeat CR was observed in 740 patients (38.2%) after a median of 0.8 years; however, the rate of repeat CR was age dependent: it was highest among 14- to 16-year-old patients (37.2%-42.3%) and considerably lower among 10- to 13-year-old patients (0%-25.0%). Male sex (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.5]; P = .04) and older patient age (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.3]; P < .001) significantly increased the odds of repeat CR.

Conclusion:

Among 14- to 16-year-old patients, the rate of primary and recurrent shoulder CR mirrors that of high-risk adults (17-20 years of age) from previously published data; however, the rate of shoulder CR (primary or recurrent) is considerably lower among 10- to 13-year-olds. In addition to older patient age, male sex increased the odds of repeat shoulder CR. Going forward, clinicians should counsel male patients and those aged 14 to 16 years regarding their increased risk of recurrence after the nonoperative management of a primary anterior shoulder dislocation.
Evaluation of municipal solid waste management performance by material flow analysis: Theoretical approach and case study
Authors: Zaccariello Lucio , Cremiato Raffaele , Mastellone Maria Laura
Published: August 2015

The main role of a waste management plan is to define which is the combination of waste management strategies and method needed to collect and manage the waste in such a way to ensure a given set of targets is reached. Objectives have to be sustainable and realistic, consistent with the environmental policies and regulations and monitored to verify the progressive achievement of the given targets. To get the aim, the setting up and quantification of indicators can allow the measurement of efficiency of a waste management system. The quantification of efficiency indicators requires the developing of a material flow analysis over the system boundary, from waste collection to secondary materials selling, processing and disposal. The material flow analysis has been carried out with reference to a case study for which a reliable, time- and site-specific database was available. The material flow analysis allowed the evaluation of the amount of materials sent to recycling, to landfilling and to waste-to-energy, by highlighting that the sorting of residual waste can further increase the secondary materials amount. The utilisation of energy recovery to treat the low-grade waste allows the maximisation of waste diversion from landfill with a low production of hazardous ash. A preliminary economic balance has been carried out to define the gate fee of the waste management system that was in the range of 84–145 € t−1 without including the separate collection cost. The cost of door-by-door separate collection, designed to ensure the collection of five separate streams, resulted in 250 € t−1 ±30%.
Malnutrition Matters in Canadian Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Rahman Adam , Wu Thomas , Bricknell Ryan , Muqtadir Zack , Armstrong David
Published: August 2015

Background: Malnutrition is common in Canadian hospitalized patients, yet system‐wide malnutrition screening is not mandatory in Canada. Aims: Our goal was to define the point prevalence of malnutrition risk at a major tertiary care center in Hamilton, Ontario, using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) to determine feasibility of hospital‐wide screening in the Canadian context. Methods: After research ethics approval was obtained, we arranged for a clinical nutrition support team to conduct the MUST screening on all inpatients at Hamilton Health Sciences, Juravinski site, a large academic acute care hospital. Results: A total of 315 patients were included (female, n = 160 [51%]; male, n = 155 [49%]; average age, 71 years). We identified 31% at high risk for malnutrition and 14% at medium risk, keeping with reported rates of malnutrition in the literature. Survey of dietitians and interns indicated that the MUST was easy to use and perform and that they had support of their unit supervisors. All respondents thought that the screen was useful and they wanted to repeat it. Conclusion: The MUST is an easy and efficient way to define point prevalence of malnutrition risk in Canadian hospitalized patients. Moving to system‐wide nutritional screening will bring about the best practices in nutrition care with the involvement of key stakeholders and decision makers. Nutritional screening will allow us to utilize nutrition resources more efficiently, engage administrators in addressing shortfalls in nutrition care, and form a baseline for which to measure the efficacy of future nutritional interventions.
Volunteer Management
Authors: Studer Sibylle
Published: August 2015

Volunteer management (VM) has been strongly influenced by classical human resource management (HRM). There is a growing body of volunteer literature, however, that argues that volunteers differ from paid staff and that VM should therefore respond to the uniqueness of volunteers. In this study, we apply principal component analysis to reveal a few overarching principles of management responses to the uniqueness of volunteers. Furthermore, we use sequential regression analysis to examine the capacity of these principles to complement classical HRM in relation to the desired VM outcome. Our findings suggest that principles such as balance of interest, strategic commitment toward volunteers, role clarity, team spirit, and respect complement classical HRM effectively by focusing on volunteers as a unique stakeholder group. In addition, job characteristics and the resources available for VM significantly contribute to the effectiveness of VM.
A Second Look at Automatic Theory of Mind
Authors: Phillips Jonathan , Ong Desmond C. , Surtees Andrew D. R. , Xin Yijing , Williams Samantha , Saxe Rebecca , Frank Michael C.
Published: August 2015

In recent work, Kovács, Téglás, and Endress (2010) argued that human adults automatically represented other agents’ beliefs even when those beliefs were completely irrelevant to the task being performed. In a series of 13 experiments, we replicated these previous findings but demonstrated that the effects found arose from artifacts in the experimental paradigm. In particular, the critical findings demonstrating automatic belief computation were driven by inconsistencies in the timing of an attention check, and thus do not provide evidence for automatic theory of mind in adults.
Variation in Women’s Preferences Regarding Male Facial Masculinity Is Better Explained by Genetic Differences Than by Previously Identified Context-Dependent Effects
Authors: Zietsch Brendan P. , Lee Anthony J. , Sherlock James M. , Jern Patrick
Published: August 2015

Women’s preferences for masculine versus feminine male faces are highly variable. According to a dominant theory in evolutionary psychology, this variability results from adaptations that optimize preferences by calibrating them to certain contextual factors, including women’s self-perceived attractiveness, short- versus long-term relationship orientation, pathogen disgust sensitivity, and stage of the menstrual cycle. The theory does not account for the possible contribution of genetic variation on women’s facial masculinity preference. Using a large sample ( N = 2,160) of identical and nonidentical female Finnish twins and their siblings, we showed that the proportion of variation in women’s preferences regarding male facial masculinity that was attributable to genetic variation (38%) dwarfed the variation due to the combined effect of contextual factors (< 1%). These findings cast doubt on the importance of these context-dependent effects and may suggest a need for refocusing in the field toward understanding the wide genetic variation in these preferences and how this variation relates to the evolution of sexual dimorphism in faces.
Platelet participation in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles gaucho venom
Authors: Tavares FL , Peichoto ME , Marcelino JR , Barbaro KC , Cirillo MC , Santoro ML , Sano-Martins IS
Published: August 2015

Loxosceles gaucho spider venom induces in vitro platelet activation and marked thrombocytopenia in rabbits. Herein, we investigated the involvement of platelets in the development of the dermonecrosis induced by L. gaucho venom, using thrombocytopenic rabbits as a model. L. gaucho venom evoked a drop in platelet and neutrophil counts 4 h after venom injection. Ecchymotic areas at the site of venom inoculation were noticed as soon as 4 h in thrombocytopenic animals but not in animals with initial normal platelet counts. After 5 days, areas of scars in thrombocytopenic animals were also larger, evidencing the marked development of lesions in the condition of thrombocytopenia. Histologically, local hemorrhage, collagen fiber disorganization, and edema were more severe in thrombocytopenic animals. Leukocyte infiltration, predominantly due to polymorphonuclears, was observed in the presence or not of thrombocytopenia. Thrombus formation was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry at the microvasculature, and it occurred even under marked thrombocytopenia. Taken together, platelets have an important role in minimizing not only the hemorrhagic phenomena but also the inflammatory and wound-healing processes, suggesting that cutaneous loxoscelism may be aggravated under thrombocytopenic conditions.
Chronic active disease pattern predicts early damage in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sato J O , Corrente J E , Saad-Magalhães C
Published: August 2015

Objective

The objective of this article is to assess disease activity patterns and their relationship to damage, death and growth failure in a cohort of juvenile lupus.

Methods

Chronic active, relapsing-remitting and long quiescent activity patterns were retrospectively classified according to longitudinal scores of both the Modified SLEDAI-2K and ECLAM. The Pediatric SLICC/ACR Damage Index (Ped-SDI) was scored at the last visit in patients followed more than six months. Survival analysis was performed considering death, damage and growth failure, and stratified according to disease activity patterns. Cox model analysis identified predictors for damage and growth failure among onset clinical variables.

Results

Thirty-seven patients with 11 years mean age at diagnosis and 3.2 years mean follow-up were studied. According to the Modified SLEDAI-2K, activity pattern was 67.5% relapsing-remitting, 29.8% chronic active and 2.7% long quiescent and by ECLAM, 45.9%, 48.7% and 5.4%, respectively. The five-year survival was 90%. Damage accrued in 62.5% and growth failure in 31.3%. Chronic active cases progressed to damage earlier than relapsing-remitting (log-rank test, p < 0.05). Damage was associated with disease duration ( p < 0.0001), thrombocytopenia ( p < 0.05) and alopecia ( p < 0.004). Growth failure was associated with disease duration ( p < 0.007) and renal failure ( p < 0.007).

Conclusion

Damage was observed in nearly two-thirds of patients, and occurred earlier in the chronic active pattern. Disease duration, thrombocytopenia and alopecia at onset predicted damage.
Sovereign safety
Authors: Boy Nina
Published: August 2015

This article traces the contours of an inconspicuous kind of state power in the form of sovereign safety. This power is articulated, more precisely, in a combination of four elements: the historical term of public credit, the liquid government bond, the risk-free asset of financial textbooks and the safe-haven function assumed by the bond market in times of uncertainty. All of these involve a peculiar translation from sovereign debt as the most risky asset to sovereign creditworthiness, circulating unsecured. If critical security studies has largely limited itself to a critique of the relatively recent sense of political state security, this article explores the relevance of a far older financial sense of ‘security’ and ‘securitization’ for contemporary studies of security. So far, the Foucault-inspired finance–security literature has emphasized the risk calculus as a principal mechanism in ‘securing circulation’. This article argues that sovereign safety constitutes an important overlooked factor in securing circulation in two ways: As the main form of collateral for financial transactions, its capacity to secure derives from being considered secure itself. As an epistemic variable, it constitutes the bedrock of modern finance theory. Moreover, rather than neatly complementary to the liberal security dispositif, sovereign safety can to some extent be said to represent the very object of the Foucaultian divesture of power.
Analysing the reform of the retail financial advice sector in the United Kingdom from an agencement and performativity perspective
Authors: Ring Patrick John
Published: August 2015

The Retail Distribution Review of the regulation of financial advice resulted in a series of reforms to the UK retail advice sector in 2012. This is the latest in a series of initiatives addressing what are identified as market failures in the UK’s retail advice sector. This article uses the notions of performativity and agencement to elaborate and explain the processes by which reforms based on the economic theory of market efficiency have failed to address adequately consumer financial advice issues in the UK. The result has been a range of unresolved and unexpected problems. It is argued that the lack of success of a series of regulatory reforms intended to improve access to advice for UK consumers is destined to continue as long as the notion of market failure dominates regulatory reform.
Balint groups – helping trainee psychiatrists make even better use of themselves
Authors: McKensey Andrew , Sullivan Leonie
Published: August 2015

Objective:

The paper presents a pilot study of Balint group work to establish it as a potential training tool in psychiatry. The aim was to test whether, in the training setting, it was possible for a cohesive group to form, such that trainees could make use of a Balint group experience.

Method:

Nine psychiatry trainees were offered three 90-minute Balint sessions and provided written feedback.

Results:

The trainees reported unanimously that group participation was a positive and worthwhile experience. They began to feel supported by their colleagues and experienced the method as an effective way to manage stress and anxiety. They reported that they experienced doctor–patient interactions in a different way, which appeared to correspond with a greater understanding of the patient’s experience.

Conclusions:

The pilot suggested that, within the public health training setting, a cohesive group could form such that trainees were able to make use of a Balint group experience. It suggested that this practice could be beneficial in managing the stresses, isolation and intense feelings of working with patients in this setting. The feedback indicated that the group helped trainees ‘think differently’ by fostering self-awareness and so furthered their development of psychodynamic skills.
Audit of Endotracheal Tube Suction in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Davies Kylie , Bulsara Max K. , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Monterosso Leanne
Published: August 2015

We report outcomes of a clinical audit examining criteria used in clinical practice to rationalize endotracheal tube (ETT) suction, and the extent these matched criteria in the Endotracheal Suction Assessment Tool(ESAT)©. A retrospective audit of patient notes ( N = 292) and analyses of criteria documented by pediatric intensive care nurses to rationalize ETT suction were undertaken. The median number of documented respiratory and ventilation status criteria per ETT suction event that matched the ESAT© criteria was 2 [Interquartile Range (IQR) 1-6]. All criteria listed within the ESAT© were documented within the reviewed notes. A direct link was established between criteria used for current clinical practice of ETT suction and the ESAT©. The ESAT©, therefore, reflects documented clinical decision making and could be used as both a clinical and educational guide for inexperienced pediatric critical care nurses. Modification to the ESAT© requires “preparation for extubation” to be added.
Multi-objective selection and structural optimization of the gantry in a gantry machine tool for improving static, dynamic, and weight and cost performance
Authors: Besharati SR , Dabbagh V , Amini H , Sarhan Ahmed AD , Akbari J , Hamdi M , Ong ZC
Published: August 2015

In this investigation, the multi-objective selection and optimization of a gantry machine tool is achieved by analytic hierarchy process, multi-objective genetic algorithm, and Pareto-Edgeworth-Grierson–multi-criteria decision-making method. The objectives include maximum static deformation, the first four natural frequencies, mass, and fabrication cost of the gantry. Further structural optimization of the best configuration was accomplished using multi-objective genetic algorithm to improve all objectives except cost. The result of sensitivity analysis reveals the major contribution of columns of gantry with respect to the crossbeam’s contribution. After determining the most effective geometrical parameters using sensitivity analysis, multi-objective genetic algorithm was performed to obtain the Pareto-optimal solutions. In order to choose the final configuration, Pareto-Edgeworth-Grierson–multi-criteria decision-making was applied. The procedure outlined in this article could be used for selection and optimization of gantry as quantitative method as opposed to traditional qualitative method exploited in industrial application for design of gantry.
On the Measure and Mismeasure of Narcissism
Authors: Wright Aidan G. C.
Published: August 2015

Narcissism continues to suffer from a lack of consensual definition. Variability in the definition is reflected in the growing multitude of measures with oftentimes diverging nomological nets. Although the themes of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability appear to have achieved reasonable agreement on their central importance, the lower order structure of each is not well understood and debates remain about how (and whether) they can be integrated into a coherent whole. However, it is clear that a narrow focus on higher order grandiosity without consideration of concomitant vulnerability neglects clinically important features of narcissism. Occasioned by the potential for a new personality disorder model in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth edition, several colleagues and I demonstrated that pathological narcissism, as measured by the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, could not be adequately summarized by the lower order traits of Grandiosity and Attention Seeking, and argued that this should be reflected in the diagnostic manual in some form. Miller, Lynam, and Campbell then subjected these same data to critical reanalysis and interpretation. I respond here to several points raised by Miller and colleagues. In so doing, I highlight areas of agreement, disagreement, and suggest directions for future research.
Assessing Cognitive and Affective Empathy Through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia G. , Thompson W. Jake
Published: August 2015

One aspect of higher order social cognition is empathy, a psychological construct comprising a cognitive (recognizing emotions) and an affective (responding to emotions) component. The complex nature of empathy complicates the accurate measurement of these components. The most widely used measure of empathy is the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). However, the factor structure of the IRI as it is predominantly used in the psychological literature differs from Davis’s original four-factor model in that it arbitrarily combines the subscales to form two factors: cognitive and affective empathy. This two-factor model of the IRI, although popular, has yet to be examined for psychometric support. In the current study, we examine, for the first time, the validity of this alternative model. A confirmatory factor analysis showed poor model fit for this two-factor structure. Additional analyses offered support for the original four-factor model, as well as a hierarchical model for the scale. In line with previous findings, females scored higher on the IRI than males. Our findings indicate that the IRI, as it is currently used in the literature, does not accurately measure cognitive and affective empathy and highlight the advantages of using the original four-factor structure of the scale for empathy assessments.
The Relationship Between Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptom Feigning Among Forensic Inpatients Adjudicated Incompetent to Stand Trial
Authors: Gottfried Emily , Glassmire David
Published: August 2015

The accurate assessment of feigning is an important component of forensic assessment. Two potential strategies of feigning include the fabrication/exaggeration of psychiatric impairments and the fabrication/exaggeration of cognitive deficits. The current study examined the relationship between psychiatric and cognitive feigning strategies using the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms and Test of Memory Malingering among 150 forensic psychiatric inpatients adjudicated incompetent to stand trial. A greater number of participants scored within the feigning range on the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms than on the Test of Memory Malingering. Relative risk ratios indicated that individuals shown to be feigning cognitive deficits were 1.68 times more likely to feign psychiatric symptoms than those not shown to be feigning cognitive deficits. Likewise, individuals shown to be feigning psychiatric deficits were 1.86 times more likely to feign cognitive deficits than those not shown to be feigning psychiatric symptoms. Overall, findings suggest that psychiatric feigning and cognitive feigning are related, but can be employed separately as feigning strategies. Therefore, clinicians should consider evaluating for both feigning strategies in forensic assessments where cognitive and psychiatric symptoms are being assessed.
Highly efficient sulfur and phosphorous-free antiwear additives for paraffin oil
Authors: Maurya Jiya L , Jaiswal Vinay , Rastogi Rashmi B
Published: August 2015

Antiwear behavior of lanthanum Schiff bases of the formula LaLNO3 (where LH2 = Salicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamine(H2Saloph), Salicylidene-1,4-phenylenediamine(H2Salpph), Salicylidene diaminodiphenylenemethane(H2Saldphm)) has been studied on Four-Ball tester in paraffin oil. The results have been compared with zinc dibutyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and organoborate (Vanlube 289). The additive concentration was optimized by conducting tests for different concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% w/v of the additives at 392 N applied load for 30-min duration. All the antiwear tests have been performed at optimized additives concentration (1% w/v) by varying loads from 294, 392, 490, 588, to 686 N for 30-min test duration and by varying test duration from 15, 30, 60, and 90 min at 392 N load. The determined tribological parameters show that all complexes act as good antiwear additives. Their activity is even better than ZDDP/borate ester. When mixtures of complexes with Vanlube 289 are tested, tremendous synergistic interaction is observed. Out of the three tested complexes, [La(Saldphm)NO3] shows excellent antiwear properties and possesses very high load-bearing capacity. Surface morphology of worn scar has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These micrographs of wear scar in the presence of [La(Saldphm)NO3] at 392 N applied load for 90-min duration show drastic increase in surface smoothness. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of worn surface under similar experimental conditions in presence of the above complex exhibits presence of lanthanum on steel surface indicating adsorption of additive on rubbing surface, which leads to the formation of strong tribofilm. Further, X-ray Photoelectron Spectoscropy (XPS) of the tribofilm shows presence of adsorbed nitrogen and mixture of oxides B2O3, La2O3, Fe2O3/Fe3O4.
Intergroup emotional similarity reduces dehumanization and promotes conciliatory attitudes in prolonged conflict
Authors: McDonald Melissa , Porat Roni , Yarkoney Ayala , Reifen Tagar Michal , Kimel Sasha , Saguy Tamar , Halperin Eran
Published: August 2015

Creating a sense of interpersonal similarity of attitudes and values is associated with increased attraction and liking. Applying these findings in an intergroup setting, though, has yielded mixed support. Theorizing from a social identity perspective suggests that highlighting intergroup similarity may lead to increased antipathy to the extent that it is perceived as a threat to one’s unique social identity. To circumvent this process, we examine the influence of emotional similarity, rather than attitudinal or value similarity, with the expectation that the short-term nature of emotions may evoke less threat to one’s social identity. Moreover, given the importance of emotions in intergroup humanization processes, we expected that emotional similarity would be associated with greater conciliatory attitudes due to an increase in humanization of the outgroup. We report results from two studies supporting these predictions. Following exposure to an anger-eliciting news story, Jewish Israeli participants were given information that their own emotional reaction to the story was similar (or not) to an individual member of the outgroup (Study 1: Palestinian citizen of Israel) or the outgroup as a whole (Study 2: Palestinians of the West Bank). As predicted, emotional similarity was associated with increased humanization of the outgroup, and a subsequent increase in one’s willingness to support conciliatory political policies toward the outgroup. We conclude that emotional similarity may be a productive avenue for future intergroup interventions, particularly between groups where differences in attitudes and values are foundational to the intergroup conflict.
Dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint
Authors: Armstrong Dan , Oni John
Published: August 2015

The authors report a case of isolated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint following sporting injury. We discuss the terminology and suggest that the current description is confusing as the radius dislocates relative to the rigid strut of the ulna rather than the other way round. The mechanism of injury and reduction methods are discussed along with pointers to identify the pathology radiologically.
Moody news: The impact of collective emotion ratings on online news consumers’ attitudes, memory, and behavioral intentions
Authors: Myrick Jessica Gall , Wojdynski Bartosz W
Published: August 2015

Indicators of collective user behavior and opinion are increasingly common features of online news stories and may include information about how the story made users feel. An experiment ( N = 298) examined the effects of the presence and valence of a “mood meter” posted alongside an online human-interest story on memory for, attitude toward, emotional response to, and intentions to share the story. The presence of a mood meter led to lower recall of story content, more negative attitudes toward the story, and less positive emotional responses. The results suggest that participating in a mood meter may attenuate positive responses to human-interest stories.
Experimental and numerical investigation of static and free vibration responses of woven glass/epoxy laminated composite plate
Authors: Sahoo Sushree S , Panda Subrata K , Singh Vijay K
Published: August 2015

In this article, the static and the free vibration behavior of laminated woven glass/epoxy composite plate have been investigated numerically and validated through subsequent experimentation. The laminated composite shear deformable plate has been modelled mathematically using two different higher-order kinematic theories and the commercial finite element package (ANSYS). The domain has been discretized using the finite element steps and the desired responses (deflections and frequencies) are computed numerically using homemade computer code developed in MATLAB environment. The validity and the convergence behavior of developed models have been established by comparing the responses with those available published literature, simulation and the corresponding experiment. Finally, the effects of geometrical and material parameters (thickness ratio, modular ratio and support conditions) and the necessity of higher-order model for the analysis of laminated structure have been highlighted by solving wide variety of static and vibration examples.
Study of electro-thermal properties of pyrrole polymerised knitted fabrics
Authors: Hamdani Syed Talha Ali , Fernando Anura , Hussain Muhammad Dawood , Potluri Prasad
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the results of research work carried out to investigate the heating properties of nylon knitted fabric impregnated with a polymerised solution of polypyrrole. The inspection of the molecular polypyrrole electro-conductive pathways responsible for the heating effect of the knitted fabric was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Further to this, the heat generated by the polypyrrole impregnated fabric was observed under varying power supply terminal separation distances in order to understand the relationship between the length of the polypyrrole electro-conductive fabric and the level of heat generated. The sample with the lowest terminal separation distance i.e. 5 × 1 cm2 produced more localized heat and reached a temperature level of 114℃ in less than three minutes. Additionally a thermo-mechanical characterisation of this knitted heating material was carried out against varying levels of strain and compression. The maximum stress and ultimate strain values of both treated and untreated samples were found to be similar. However, it was observed that the extensibility of the samples affected the generation of heat. The suitability of knitted fabric impregnated with polymerised polypyrrole heating elements for in-car applications where the heating elements may be next to skin was also discussed. The investigation concluded that polypyrrole heating fabric is suitable for next-to-body heating applications which can be engineered by controlling the optimum electrical pathways provided by the network of polypyrrole molecular chains together with the correct power supply levels to work under a defined fabric strain range. The purpose of the current research is to provide a new material that could help to develop heating fabrics with improved textile properties.