bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest decline has not reduced genetic diversity of naturally regenerated Norway spruce from the Beskids, Poland
Authors: Chomicz-Zegar Elżbieta , Nowakowska J. A. , Tereba A.
Published: June 2017

Norway spruce forests decline in the Beskids raises concerns about reduction of genetic variation in a next generation of forest. We aim to determine whether the genetic diversity in declining spruce stands was successfully transmitted to its self-seeded progeny. Using three nuclear microsatellite markers, we carried out the genetic assessment of naturally regenerated progeny and compered them with their maternal stands at an initial stage of decline. We investigated three spruce stands from the Śląski and Żywiecki Beskid and one primeval forest from the Tatras, as a reference. We noticed a high level of gene diversity, allelic richness and an effective number of alleles in progeny of all stands, without differences between declining stands from the Beskids and the primeval forest. The gene diversity was similar in maternal trees and their offspring. Higher gene diversity and generally higher number of alleles were noticed in young generation of stands. Genetic identity between generations was high in analyzed seed stands and the highest in the primeval forest. The results we presented indicate no significant effect of drastic reduction in the population size due to the forest decline on the level of genetic variation in self-seeded progeny of Norway spruce from the Beskids.
Logging decreases the pollen dispersal distance in a low-density population of the tree Bagassa guianensis in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Arruda C. C. B. , Silva M. B. , Gribel R. , Lemes M. R. , Kanashiro M. , Sebbenn A. M.
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the distance and patterns of pollen dispersal before and after logging in a low-density population of the dioecious, insect pollinated tree species, Bagassa guianensis, in the Brazilian Amazon. All adult trees found before and after logging in a 500 ha plot were mapped and genotyped for six microsatellite loci. Seeds collected before and after logging were also sampled and genotyped. We used a categorical paternity analysis to determine seed paternity. Our results showed similar levels of pollen flow before (23%) and after logging (26%), but an increase in the mean effective pollination neighbourhood area, and a decrease in the rate of mating among relatives after logging, resulting in open pollinated seeds with lower levels of inbreeding (0.126) than before logging (0.222). We also detected changes in the mating pattern between before and after logging, a decrease in the median pollen dispersal distance and effective number of pollen donors after logging. Our results support the idea that reproductive trees should be maintained in the plot and around logged areas, using lowest levels of logging intensity to maintain pollen flow and decrease the relatedness of subsequent generations.
Line Rogue Waves in the Mel’nikov Equation
Authors: Shi Yongkang
Published: June 2017

General line rogue waves in the Mel’nikov equation are derived via the Hirota bilinear method, which are given in terms of determinants whose matrix elements have plain algebraic expressions. It is shown that fundamental rogue waves are line rogue waves, which arise from the constant background with a line profile and then disappear into the constant background again. By means of the regulation of free parameters, two subclass of nonfundamental rogue waves are generated, which are called as multirogue waves and higher-order rogue waves. The multirogue waves consist of several fundamental line rogue waves, which arise from the constant background and then decay back to the constant background. The higher-order rogue waves start from a localised lump and retreat back to it. The dynamical behaviours of these line rogue waves are demonstrated by the density and the three-dimensional figures.
Vickers Hot Springs
Authors: Bernstein Jennifer M.
Published: June 2017

Vickers Hot Springs is located near the rural Southern California town of Ojai, and local residents have long enjoyed soaking in the sulfuric pools. But as knowledge of the springs spread, the area saw increases in fights, traffic, burglaries, and drug use. In response, two residents purchased the land and committed to restore the property while allowing limited public access, subsequently generating a great deal of controversy within the community. Privatizing Vickers Hot Springs follows the archetypical lesson of Garrett Hardin's 1968 essay, “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Hardin stated that the problem for common-pool resources was that a finite amount of services are demanded by a potentially infinite number of users, who have little to gain by sacrificing for the common good. But Hardin's theory does not always apply. Many communities have come together to manage resources, often without government oversight. Thus, the question is not whether or not Hardin's theory is accurate, but rather “under what conditions it is correct and when it makes the wrong predictions.” Case studies provide nuance to the broad brushstrokes of a theory, and whether Hardin's parable is applicable depends on the particularities of the common property resource conflict. Employing the frameworks established by Hardin, Dietz et al., and Ostrom, this paper examines the management of Vickers Hot Springs within its broader social, ecological, and political context, asking whether the particular circumstances of this resource use conflict made privatization the most predictable outcome.
The Challenges of Regulating Diffuse Agricultural Pollution to Improve Water Quality
Authors: Duncan Ronlyn
Published: June 2017

Worldwide, the cumulative effects of diffuse pollution arising from a range of human activities are diminishing the quality and ecosystem capacity of lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. Devising effective ways to regulate the causes and effects of diffuse pollution is a fraught legal, political, policy, and management challenge given the difficulties in identifying and measuring who is responsible for what, where, and when. In 2011, under its Resource Management Act, 1991, the South Pacific nation of New Zealand introduced national policy to arrest diffuse pollution with a requirement for local government to institute enforceable water quality and quantity limits on all freshwater bodies. The blueprint for these national freshwater policy reforms comes from its South Island region of Canterbury. Canterbury's regional council has adopted a catchment load approach whereby an overarching limit on nutrient losses from agricultural land is calculated and linked to land use rules to control property-scale agricultural activities. With a focus on the Canterbury region, this case study examines two approaches to establishing a catchment load for diffuse nutrient pollution to link to legal provisions in its regional plan. One is based on a river's nutrient concentrations and the other relies on predictive modelling. The case study opens important questions about measuring and regulating diffuse pollution and the difficulties faced by policy-makers and regulators in linking numbers to legally binding compliance and enforcement mechanisms, e.g. how to account for lag effects when establishing ‘in-stream’ limits and how to address changes in software when relying on ‘modelled’ limits?
The RNA helicase DHX9 establishes nucleolar heterochromatin, and this activity is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Leone Sergio , Bär Dominik , Slabber Coenraad Frederik , Dalcher Damian , Santoro Raffaella
Published: June 2017

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of chromatin conformation and epigenetic patterns. lncRNA expression levels are widely taken as an indicator for functional properties. However, the role of RNA processing in modulating distinct features of the same lncRNA is less understood. The establishment of heterochromatin at rRNA genes depends on the processing of IGS‐rRNA into pRNA, a reaction that is impaired in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and activated only upon differentiation. The production of mature pRNA is essential since it guides the repressor TIP5 to rRNA genes, and IGS‐rRNA abolishes this process. Through screening for IGS‐rRNA‐binding proteins, we here identify the RNA helicase DHX9 as a regulator of pRNA processing. DHX9 binds to rRNA genes only upon ESC differentiation and its activity guides TIP5 to rRNA genes and establishes heterochromatin. Remarkably, ESCs depleted of DHX9 are unable to differentiate and this phenotype is reverted by the addition of pRNA, whereas providing IGS‐rRNA and pRNA mutants deficient for TIP5 binding are not sufficient. Our results reveal insights into lncRNA biogenesis during development and support a model in which the state of rRNA gene chromatin is part of the regulatory network that controls exit from pluripotency and initiation of differentiation pathways.
Inactivation of γ‐secretases leads to accumulation of substrates and non‐Alzheimer neurodegeneration
Authors: Acx Hermien , Serneels Lutgarde , Radaelli Enrico , Muyldermans Serge , Vincke Cécile , Pepermans Elise , Müller Ulrike , Chávez‐Gutiérrez Lucía , De Strooper Bart
Published: June 2017

γ‐Secretases are a family of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases and important drug targets in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we generated mice deficient for all γ‐secretases in the pyramidal neurons of the postnatal forebrain by deleting the three anterior pharynx defective 1 (Aph1) subunits (Aph1abc cKO Cre+). The mice show progressive cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, and gliosis. Interestingly, this is associated with more than 10‐fold accumulation of membrane‐bound fragments of App, Aplp1, Nrg1, and Dcc, while other known substrates of γ‐secretase such as Aplp2, Lrp1, and Sdc3 accumulate to lesser extents. Despite numerous reports linking neurodegeneration to accumulation of membrane‐bound App fragments, deletion of App expression in the combined Aph1 knockout does not rescue this phenotype. Importantly, knockout of only Aph1a‐ or Aph1bc‐secretases causes limited and differential accumulation of substrates. This was not associated with neurodegeneration. Further development of selective Aph1‐γ‐secretase inhibitors should be considered for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
La provincia en el modelo territorial colombiano
Authors: Uribe Ochoa Jhonny
Published: June 2017

En el presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica se exponen diferentes estudios realizados, que sirven de base para comprender el papel que jugaron y pueden jugar las Provincias, como entidad territorial, en la construcción e implementación de un modelo de ordenamiento territorial en el contexto de una economía de mercado.
La Unión Europea: un instrumento para garantizar la seguridad jurídica a los inversores extranjeros
Authors: Rodriguez Yong Camilo
Published: June 2017

El artículo sostiene que la Unión Europea (UE) puede desempeñar un papel
Proporcionando seguridad jurídica a los inversores extranjeros en el continente europeo.
En particular, tres elementos de la estructura de la Unión lo hacen posible: 1) su
2) su grupo de instituciones, y 3) su Tribunal de Justicia. El artículo explora
Estos elementos en detalle, analizando su relevancia para la inversión extranjera
clima. Concluye que, como consecuencia de estos elementos, la UE
Garantizar la seguridad jurídica a los inversores extranjeros mediante la creación de
Leyes y políticas coherentes para la regulación de la inversión extranjera, otorgando
Más previsibilidad en el entorno jurídico de los países miembros de la UE
LAS INSTITUCIONES Y SUS PRESUPUESTOS DE INFORMACIÓN EN EL ORDEN SOCIAL. UN ENFOQUE ECONÓMICO
Authors: Rengifo Lozano Diego
Published: June 2017

Este artículo pretende, mediante la aproximación de los discursos económico y jurídico, presentar los presupuestos de información necesarios para la formulación de un orden social definiendo a qué clase de individuo se alude como sujeto “informado” y qué clase de información requiere para sustentar sus esquemas de racionalidad frente a la estructura institucional.
HACIA UNA TEORÍA GENERAL DEL DISCURSO PRÁCTICO RACIONAL: EN ROBERT ALEXY Y TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Authors: Cardenas Serra Carlos
Published: June 2017

Coinciden Robert Alexy y Tomás de Aquino en que sobre los hablantes gravitan simultáneamente las exigencias mínimas de todos los grupos de reglas que gobiernan las relaciones intersubjetivas y las formas argumentativas que pretenden la corrección y transparencia del discurso. Para Alexy, haciendo un balance sobre el alcance del discurso práctico general, el seguimiento de las reglas y formas de argumento aumentan la probabilidad de lograr un acuerdo en las cuestiones prácticas, pero no garantizan el que pueda obtenerse un acuerdo para cada cuestión, ni el que cualquier acuerdo alcanzado sea definitivo e irrevocable. Tomás de Aquino diría que no puede ser de otra manera, puesto que la naturaleza humana es esencialmente mutable sin cambiar su estructura básica.
La Constitucionalización del Derecho y la Interpretación Jurídico Constitucional
Authors: Cortes Zambrano Sonia
Published: June 2017

El presente documento es una reflexión académica frente al tema de la Constitucionalización del derecho y el impacto de éste fenómeno en los procesos de interpretación del derecho, la seguridad jurídica y el poder discrecional de los jueces a la luz de las principales ideas de la doctrina constitucional europea y colombiana. La doctrina jurídica constitucional se va construyendo a partir de la ejercicio o práctica jurídica, debe mirarse lo que hacen los juristas y a partir de la observación deducir los conceptos generales de derecho; es así como el ejercicio epistemológico ordena las experiencias generando el conocimiento. Se busca adelantar un recorrido por las características fundamentales del neoconstitucionalismo, sus críticas a favor y en contra y contrastarlo desde el punto de vista jurídico con el nuevo ejercicio o praxis constitucional en Colombia, como respuesta a las exigencias de la evolución progresista del pensamiento jurídico.
El Comercio de Esmeraldas Como Expresión de la Nueva Lex Mercatoria
Authors: Jurado Perez Jorge
Published: June 2017

El siguiente trabajo, busca demostrar cómo, a través del comercio de esmeraldas, se produce en Colombia la Nueva Lex Mercatoria, mediante el establecimiento de instituciones autónomas con producción de normas de origen no estatal, teniendo en cuenta la influencia del mercado global.
La Urgente Cuestión de Inquirir por la Fundamentación de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Guarin Ramirez Edgar
Published: June 2017

Este artículo pretende demostrar la tesis, según la cual, la consecución de una protección y garantía efectiva de los derechos humanos, exige indagar por el fundamento de los mismos. Para ello, su autor hace énfasis en que el camino para inquirir sobre ese particular, solamente se puede trasegar con solidez y confianza, echando mano de la filosofía que, por su propia naturaleza, es fundamentadora. Una vez establecido dicho estatuto epistemológico, la reflexión se orienta hacia el concepto de lo humano y de lo jurídico, a partir del marco teórico aportado por el sistema filosófico del realismo. Aclarado lo que es el derecho y lo que significa ser humano, se pasa a definir el término derechos humanos, y se examina su fundamento, estableciendo que éste, se encuentra en la realidad misma de la persona humana que, en su radicalidad, según la perspectiva teórica escogida, no es relativa. Así, se concluye que la efectiva protección y garantía de los derechos humanos, solamente se puede lograr si se tiene en cuenta que en el hombre hay una naturaleza que se expresa en unas inclinaciones, que ninguna convención o costumbre, pueden soslayar.
Reflexiones Sobre el Aborto: Eficacia de las Normas que lo Regulan en Colombia
Authors: De la Rosa Guzman Claudia
Published: June 2017

En este articulo se pretende, en primer lugar, hacer claridad conceptual a juicio del autor sobre el aborto y su legalización, dar una mirada a la forma en que se ha tratado el problema en Colombia desde sus fuentes jurídicas, es decir, observar cual ha sido el recorrido jurídico, bien sea, por actos legislativos o a través de sentencias judiciales, que han contemplado el tema y por medio de los cuales ha cambiado en el tiempo su tratamiento de acuerdo a las diferentes circunstancias de cada época, sin que haya dejado nunca de establecerse como un delito. Por último, determinar qué criterios son aplicables cuando se trata de establecer un escenario de discusión en el que éstos, de acuerdo a lo preceptuado en la Constitución Política de 1991, sean los democráticamente pertinentes y apropiados para buscar una solución válida y eficaz dirigida a contrarrestar las consecuencias sociales que él problema representa.
La historia clínica. Aspectos jurídicos y dilemas en el derecho español y colombiano
Authors: Correa Martínez Cesar
Published: June 2017

La historia clínica (HC) presenta dilemas estructurales en cuanto a su comprensión, aunque el mayor debate se centra en el uso de la información que allí se contiene. Es por eso que por medio del presente trabajo, cuyo carácter es descriptivo y analítico, se busca comparar las legislaciones española y colombiana, intentando esclarecer el alcance del concepto de HC a
través de las leyes y reglamentos que regulen los derechos y obligaciones derivadas del manejo de la información contenida en ella respecto de los pacientes.
A propósito de una verdad contrahegemónica: aprendizajes desde la decisión de la Corte Penal Internacional sobre el ataque contra la flotilla de la libertad
Authors: Gamboa Rubiano Sandra
Published: June 2017

Este artículo indaga sobre las implicaciones contrahegemónicas del ejercicio del derecho a
la verdad en el proceso penal. Ello tiene lugar tras admitirse su trascendencia en regímenes
normativos distintos, pero complementarios, como el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos
Humanos y el Derecho Penal Internacional. Para tales efectos, se concentra en el análisis
de las posibilidades de una verdad contrahegemónica que vehicule la verdad histórica de
las víctimas hacia los procesos penales, a partir de la reciente decisión de la Corte Penal
Internacional (CPI) sobre el ataque contra la “Flotilla de la Libertad”.
Derechos humanos en las políticas de paz y posconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Cortes Zambrano Sonia
Published: June 2017

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre los costos de la paz y el posconflicto en Colombia y la
preocupación por la concreción o materialización real de los derechos humanos y la atención
a grupos marginados. Dicha materialización se realiza mediante la adopción de políticas
públicas con perspectiva de derechos y con amplia participación de la sociedad civil; de esta
manera, los derechos humanos se convierten en el referente y fin último para las políticas
públicas en materia de posconflicto. Y estas, a su vez, en el instrumento o medio idóneo para
su realización. De este modo, el enfoque de los derechos de las poblaciones vulnerables debe
ser una perspectiva para guiar la acción e intervención de las autoridades públicas, a través de
los diferentes planes y programas de desarrollo económico y social.
Genetic Dissection of Nutrition-Induced Plasticity in Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling and Median Life Span in aDrosophilaMultiparent Population
Authors: Stanley Patrick D , Ng’oma Enoch , O’Day Siri , King Elizabeth G
Published: June 2017

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways have long been thought to be involved in how organisms..

The nutritional environments that organisms experience are inherently variable, requiring tight coordination of how resources are allocated to different functions relative to the total amount of resources available. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that key endocrine pathways play a fundamental role in this coordination. In particular, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways have been implicated in nutrition-dependent changes in metabolism and nutrient allocation. However, little is known about the genetic basis of standing variation in IIS/TOR or how diet-dependent changes in expression in this pathway influence phenotypes related to resource allocation. To characterize natural genetic variation in the IIS/TOR pathway, we used >250 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a multiparental mapping population, the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource, to map transcript-level QTL of genes encoding 52 core IIS/TOR components in three different nutritional environments [dietary restriction (DR), control (C), and high sugar (HS)]. Nearly all genes, 87%, were significantly differentially expressed between diets, though not always in ways predicted by loss-of-function mutants. We identified cis (i.e., local) expression QTL (eQTL) for six genes, all of which are significant in multiple nutrient environments. Further, we identified trans (i.e., distant) eQTL for two genes, specific to a single nutrient environment. Our results are consistent with many small changes in the IIS/TOR pathways. A discriminant function analysis for the C and DR treatments identified a pattern of gene expression associated with the diet treatment. Mapping the composite discriminant function scores revealed a significant global eQTL within the DR diet. A correlation between the discriminant function scores and the median life span (r = 0.46) provides evidence that gene expression changes in response to diet are associated with longevity in these RILs.
Structural Variation Shapes the Landscape of Recombination in Mouse
Authors: Morgan Andrew P , Gatti Daniel M , Najarian Maya L , Keane Thomas M , Galante Raymond J , Pack Allan I , Mott Richard , Churchill Gary A , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel
Published: June 2017

Meiotic recombination ensures the faithful segregation of chromosomes and influences patterns of genetic diversity. Morgan et al. used genotype data..

Meiotic recombination is an essential feature of sexual reproduction that ensures faithful segregation of chromosomes and redistributes genetic variants in populations. Multiparent populations such as the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse stock accumulate large numbers of crossover (CO) events between founder haplotypes, and thus present a unique opportunity to study the role of genetic variation in shaping the recombination landscape. We obtained high-density genotype data from 6886 DO mice, and localized 2.2 million CO events to intervals with a median size of 28 kb. The resulting sex-averaged genetic map of the DO population is highly concordant with large-scale (order 10 Mb) features of previously reported genetic maps for mouse. To examine fine-scale (order 10 kb) patterns of recombination in the DO, we overlaid putative recombination hotspots onto our CO intervals. We found that CO intervals are enriched in hotspots compared to the genomic background. However, as many as 26% of CO intervals do not overlap any putative hotspots, suggesting that our understanding of hotspots is incomplete. We also identified coldspots encompassing 329 Mb, or 12% of observable genome, in which there is little or no recombination. In contrast to hotspots, which are a few kilobases in size, and widely scattered throughout the genome, coldspots have a median size of 2.1 Mb and are spatially clustered. Coldspots are strongly associated with copy-number variant (CNV) regions, especially multi-allelic clusters, identified from whole-genome sequencing of 228 DO mice. Genes in these regions have reduced expression, and epigenetic features of closed chromatin in male germ cells, which suggests that CNVs may repress recombination by altering chromatin structure in meiosis. Our findings demonstrate how multiparent populations, by bridging the gap between large-scale and fine-scale genetic mapping, can reveal new features of the recombination landscape.
Increased Power To Dissect Adaptive Traits in Global Sorghum Diversity Using a Nested Association Mapping Population
Authors: Bouchet Sophie , Olatoye Marcus O , Marla Sandeep R , Perumal Ramasamy , Tesso Tesfaye , Yu Jianming , Tuinstra Mitch , Morris Geoffrey P
Published: June 2017

In crop species, adaptation to different agroclimatic regions creates useful variation but also leads to unwanted genetic correlations. Bouchet.......

Adaptation of domesticated species to diverse agroclimatic regions has led to abundant trait diversity. However, the resulting population structure and genetic heterogeneity confounds association mapping of adaptive traits. To address this challenge in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]—a widely adapted cereal crop—we developed a nested association mapping (NAM) population using 10 diverse global lines crossed with an elite reference line RTx430. We characterized the population of 2214 recombinant inbred lines at 90,000 SNPs using genotyping-by-sequencing. The population captures ∼70% of known global SNP variation in sorghum, and 57,411 recombination events. Notably, recombination events were four- to fivefold enriched in coding sequences and 5′ untranslated regions of genes. To test the power of the NAM population for trait dissection, we conducted joint linkage mapping for two major adaptive traits, flowering time and plant height. We precisely mapped several known genes for these two traits, and identified several additional QTL. Considering all SNPs simultaneously, genetic variation accounted for 65% of flowering time variance and 75% of plant height variance. Further, we directly compared NAM to genome-wide association mapping (using panels of the same size) and found that flowering time and plant height QTL were more consistently identified with the NAM population. Finally, for simulated QTL under strong selection in diversity panels, the power of QTL detection was up to three times greater for NAM vs. association mapping with a diverse panel. These findings validate the NAM resource for trait mapping in sorghum, and demonstrate the value of NAM for dissection of adaptive traits.
Genome Diversity and Evolution in the Budding Yeasts (Saccharomycotina)
Authors: Dujon Bernard A , Louis Edward J
Published: June 2017

Considerable progress in our understanding of yeast genomes and their evolution has been made over the last decade with the sequencing, analysis, and comparisons of numerous species, strains, or isolates of diverse origins. The role played by yeasts in natural environments as well as in artificial manufactures, combined with the importance of some species as model experimental systems sustained this effort. At the same time, their enormous evolutionary diversity (there are yeast species in every subphylum of Dikarya) sparked curiosity but necessitated further efforts to obtain appropriate reference genomes. Today, yeast genomes have been very informative about basic mechanisms of evolution, speciation, hybridization, domestication, as well as about the molecular machineries underlying them. They are also irreplaceable to investigate in detail the complex relationship between genotypes and phenotypes with both theoretical and practical implications. This review examines these questions at two distinct levels offered by the broad evolutionary range of yeasts: inside the best-studied Saccharomyces species complex, and across the entire and diversified subphylum of Saccharomycotina. While obviously revealing evolutionary histories at different scales, data converge to a remarkably coherent picture in which one can estimate the relative importance of intrinsic genome dynamics, including gene birth and loss, vs. horizontal genetic accidents in the making of populations. The facility with which novel yeast genomes can now be studied, combined with the already numerous available reference genomes, offer privileged perspectives to further examine these fundamental biological questions using yeasts both as eukaryotic models and as fungi of practical importance.
Eggs in Early Complementary Feeding and Child Growth: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Iannotti Lora L. , Lutter Chessa K. , Stewart Christine P. , Gallegos Riofrío Carlos Andres , Malo Carla , Reinhart Gregory , Palacios Ana , Karp Celia , Chapnick Melissa , Cox Katherine , Waters William F.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

Eggs are a good source of nutrients for growth and development. We hypothesized that introducing eggs early during complementary feeding would improve child nutrition.

METHODS:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador, from March to December 2015. Children ages 6 to 9 months were randomly assigned to treatment (1 egg per day for 6 months [n = 83]) and control (no intervention [n = 80]) groups. Both arms received social marketing messages to encourage participation in the Lulun Project (lulun meaning “egg” in Kichwa). All households were visited once per week to monitor morbidity symptoms, distribute eggs, and monitor egg intakes (for egg group only). Baseline and end point outcome measures included anthropometry, dietary intake frequencies, and morbidity symptoms.

RESULTS:

Mothers or other caregivers reported no allergic reactions to the eggs. Generalized linear regression modeling showed the egg intervention increased length-for-age z score by 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.88) and weight-for-age z score by 0.61 (95% CI, 0.45–0.77). Log-binomial models with robust Poisson indicated a reduced prevalence of stunting by 47% (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37–0.77) and underweight by 74% (PR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10–0.70). Children in the treatment group had higher dietary intakes of eggs (PR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.28–1.92) and reduced intake of sugar-sweetened foods (PR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.97) compared with control.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings supported our hypothesis that early introduction of eggs significantly improved growth in young children. Generally accessible to vulnerable groups, eggs have the potential to contribute to global targets to reduce stunting.
SPATIAL CO-MANAGEMENT OF INDONESIAN FLOODPLAIN RIVER FISHERIES
Authors: Hoggarth Daniel D. , Thomas Mark A. , Sarnita Achmad S. , Ondara Ondara
Published: June 2017

An interdisciplinary investigation was nrade on the mechanisms underlying the development of local manugement systems for floodplain river fisheries in Sumatera
REPRODUCTION OF THREE COLOUR VARIETIES OF ANGELFISH (Pterophyllum scalare)
Authors: Satyani Darti
Published: June 2017

A study into the reproductive performance of three color varieties of angelfish , Pterophyllum scolore (Black, Black & White, and Marble) was conducted in a farmer's hatchery at Depok, West Java
Synthesis and ion-exchange studies of resins derived from 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl-diamine-formaldehyde
Authors: Paliwal Lalitmohan J , Kariya Kiran P , Bobde Renuka
Published: June 2017

Terpolymeric resins (2,2′-DHBPBDF) (DHBP = dihydroxybiphenyl; BD = butylenediamine; F = formaldehyde) were synthesized by the condensation of 2,2′-DHBP, 1,4-BD and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst with varied molar ratios of reacting monomers. Resin composition was determined on the basis of its elemental analyses. Their number-average molecular weight was determined by conductometric titration in non-aqueous media. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. Ultraviolet–visible, infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies were undertaken to elucidate the structure of these resins. The thermal stability and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of these newly synthesized resins have been evaluated on the basis of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The ion-exchange properties of these resins were studied for different metal ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake. The study was carried out over a wide range of pH and ionic strengths of different electrolytes.
Study on autoclave expansion deformation of MgO-admixed cement-based materials
Authors: Chen Changli , Li Weiwei , Yang Dongsheng , Zhao Zhenhua , Yang Huashan
Published: June 2017

In order to increase appropriately the magnesium oxide (MgO) balanced content in hydraulic concrete, a new approach is scientifically explored to add the magnesium oxide content on the basis of the autoclave test principle and changing the cement-based materials and specimen sizes in the autoclave test. The result shows that the autoclave expansion rates (y) of the specimens vary with the magnesium oxide-admixed content (x) in an exponential manner, which can be illustrated as y = y0 + AeR0x. This trend is irrespective of the cement-based material or the specimen size and the mixing amount of fly ash. There is an inflection point on the curve indicating the variation in the autoclave expansion rate with magnesium oxide content when the magnesium oxide content increases to a certain level. The magnesium oxide content corresponding to the inflection points on the curve is different according to different cement-based materials and specimen size. It is suggested to adapt the magnesium oxide content corresponding to the inflection point on the curve as the balanced content of magnesium oxide-admixed concrete, and the simulated mortar specimen could act as the autoclave specimen, whose size is 30 mm × 30 mm × 300 mm. This content, determined by the present study, is about 2–3 percentage points more than that of all the current methods.
Anesthesia for patients with mucopolysaccharidoses: Comprehensive review of the literature with emphasis on airway management
Authors: Clark Brittney M. , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N. , Warner Mary E.
Published: June 2017

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare, inherited, lysosomal storage diseases that cause accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, resulting in anatomic abnormalities and organ dysfunction that can increase the risk of anesthesia complications. We conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to describe the anesthetic management and perioperative outcomes in patients with MPS. We reviewed English-language literature search using an OVID-based search strategy of the following databases: 1) PubMed (1946-present), 2) Medline (1946-present), 3) EMBASE (1946-present), and 4) Web of Science (1946-present), using the following search terms: mucopolysaccharidosis, Hurler, Scheie, Sanfilippo, Morquio, Maroteaux, anesthesia, perioperative, intubation, respiratory insufficiency, and airway. The review of the literature revealed nine case series and 27 case reports. A substantial number of patients have facial and oral abnormalities posing various challenges for airway management, however, evolving new technologies that include videolaryngoscopy appears to substantially facilitate airway management in these patients. The only type of MPS that appears to have less difficulty with airway management are MPS III patients, as the primary site of glycosaminoglycan deposition is in the central nervous system. All other MPS types have facial and oral characteristics that increase the risk of airway management. To mitigate these risks, anesthesia should be conducted by experienced anesthesiologists with expertise in using of advanced airway intubating devices.
HFM/EXED: The High Magnetic Field Facility for Neutron Scattering at BER II
Authors: Prokhnenko Oleksandr , Smeibidl Peter , Stein Wolf-Dieter , Bartkowiak Maciej , Stüsser Norbert
Published: June 2017

An overview of the high magnetic field facility for neutron scattering at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB) is given. The facility enables elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments in continuous magnetic fields up to 26.3 T combined with temperatures down to 0.6 K.
Visual Politics in American Dance Film: Representation and Disparity
Authors: Hagan Cara
Published: June 2017

This article explores stylistic and demographic commonalities in American dance film through the curatorial lens of American Dance Festival’s Movies by Movers, an international dance film festival. While calling into question how the dance film community can be more aware of the culture created on screen by makers and presenters, I reveal instances of representational disparity found in American dance film while examining the relationship of dance film to ideologies perpetuated by mass media and the world of professional dance.
Movements of Media in Yvonne Rainer's Hand Movie (1966) and Richard Serra's Hand Catching Lead (1968)
Authors: Bukhari Kyle
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on two experimental films from the 1960s: Yvonne Rainer’s Hand Movie (1966) and Richard Serra’s Hand Catching Lead (1968). It scrutinizes the way both works exhibit a hybridized and indeterminate approach to artistic media. It offers an empirical reading of the films’ movement and contextualizes them historically to move on to a theory of medium informed by Deleuze, Levinson, and Rajewsky. How does Rainer’s move from the time-based media of dance and choreography, and Serra’s move from the object arts of painting and sculpture, into the medium of film, advance our understanding of what is at stake aesthetically when boundaries of media are dissolved, transited, or displaced? Dance aesthetics requires that we show how movement gets translated into medium. I propose that the movement of media creates a displacement that is parallel to the displacement from the empirical to the theoretical in this article, where displacement becomes a form of reflection and critique.
Starting with Sight: A Conversation between Rosemary Lee and Anna Heighway
Authors: Lee Rosemary , Heighway Anna
Published: June 2017

Words from a conversation between Rosemary Lee and Anna Heighway. The chat centres on Rosemary's practice, Liquid Gold is the Air and what it means to be a "visual" choreographer.
Influences
Authors: Mitchell Tracie
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The Oxford Handbook of Screendance Studies edited by Douglas Rosenberg. 2016. New York: Oxford UP
Authors: Vaghi Katja
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
A Steady Pulse: Restaging Lucinda Childs, 1963-78, The Pew Center for Arts and Heritage, 2015, Online publication
Authors: Crawley Marie-Louise
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
IJSD Volume 8 Editorial: Solo/Screen
Authors: Bench Harmony , Ellis Simon
Published: June 2017

This volume did not start out as a themed issue, but similarities will emerge among any collection of essays when ideas and authors find themselves in proximity to one another. In our open call, we asked for screendance artists and scholars working at the intersection of film, dance, visual arts, and media arts to "expand and critique contemporary notions of screen-based images and changing choreographic practices, and [to] engage with theories and philosophies from interdisciplinary fields."[^1] An unanticipated commonality emerged among the contributions responding to this open invitation: solo performance.  [^1]: "International Journal of Screendance Volume 8: Call for Papers." *Centre for Screendance*. May 17, 2016. 
IJSD Volume 8 2017 Solo/Screen: Full Issue
Authors: Bench Harmony , Ellis Simon
Published: June 2017

The full issue of IJSD vol. 8 (2017).Please note: For the best offline reading experience, please print double-sided on 8.5x11 paper. Links to online sources are live in the PDF if read onscreen.
Salud y migración: análisis descriptivo comparativo de los egresos hospitalarios de la población extranjera y chilena
Authors: Agar Corbinos Lorenzo , Delgado Iris , Oyarte Marcela , Cabieses Báltica
Published: June 2017

La migración es un reconocido determinante social, con amplio impacto en la salud pública. Chile es uno de los países que presenta mayores cifras de crecimiento de la migración en Latinoamérica; pese a esto, son pocos los datos estadísticos oficiales en relación con la prevalencia de enfermedades o condiciones de salud de los inmigrantes. Este artículo tiene como propósito aportar al conocimiento de la salud de los inmigrantes externos en Chile, con foco en la morbilidad hospitalaria. Estudio observacional y de corte transversal. Análisis de datos sobre hospitalizaciones (egresos hospitalarios) en Chile, año 2012, a través de tasas específicas, cifras absolutas y distribuciones porcentuales –con y sin considerer los egresos relacionados con embarazos partos o puerperio– según variables demográficas, territoriales y previsión de salud, en población chilena y extranjera.
Los países emergentes en el G-20 y la política seguida por Argentina
Authors: Miranda Roberto
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de los países emergentes en la gobernanza global a través de la participación desplegada por ellos en el G-20, con el fin de identificar la posición de Argentina en este ámbito multilateral, y determinar el uso que hizo de su poder como potencia media. Para cumplir con este objetivo consideramos las cumbres de jefes de Estado y de Gobierno del G-20, desde la primera realizada en Washington, en 2008, hasta la novena llevada a cabo en Brisbane, en 2014. Observamos que más allá de las diferencias y disputa de intereses, países desarrollados y emergentes convergieron en sostener las Viejas instituciones internacionales como el FMI. Argentina, de participación intensa en las cumbres pero sin una estrategia de influencia, quedó fuera de esta coincidencia y perdió poder en las reformas producidas en los medios multilaterales de crédito.
Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil latinoamericana y su oferta de valor. Estudio de caso: México, Brasil, Colombia y Argentina
Authors: Marín Aranguren Erli Margarita , Millares Abella Natalia
Published: June 2017

A través de los años, la sociedad civil ha recobrado importancia y se ha convertido en un agente vital de desarrollo, como respuesta a las nuevas apuestas que ha traído el siglo XXI. Sin embargo, sectores como el Gobierno y el mercado no han reconocido la gran importancia que esta ha tenido y, por el contrario, ha sido invisibilizada por ambos. En esta investigación se pretende establecer la oferta de valor –concepto que aún está en desarrollo– que ostentan las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en América Latina. Específicamente se estudiarán los casos de México, Brasil, Colombia y Argentina, en temas tan trascendentales como el medio ambiente y la violencia basada en género. La oferta de valor se verá representada por medio de las capacidades técnicas y legales, las propuestas alternativas e innovadoras y las metodologías que estas organizaciones latinoamericanas de la sociedad civil desarrollan para buscar la protección y la reivindicación de los derechos de los ciudadanos. En conclusión, se busca visibilizar esa oferta de valor de las organizaciones, que en muchas ocasiones es ignorada, y así darle la importancia que estas se merecen al ser copartícipes en el establecimiento de una cultura de desarrollo.
LA PROTEZIONE PENALE DELL’AMBIENTE COME DIRITTO UMANO COSTITUZIONALE
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves , Thomé Romeu
Published: June 2017

L’ambiente, oggi consacrato dottrinalmente come diritto umano di terza generazione e contemplato con disposizioni costituzionali che lo innalzano alla condizione di diritto fondamentale nell’ambito di diversi Paesi, è bene giuridico atto a essere effettivamente tutelato dal diritto penale che, tuttavia, richiede modificazioni nella sua dogmatica individualista secolare per la difesa di un diritto che è, allo stesso tempo, individuale e diffuso. Il testo contempla, sotto il ragionamento logico-deduttivo e con ricerca bibliografica, la garanzia dell’ambiente dal diritto penale e presenta proposte per la migliore tutela ambientale, esse corrispondendo, oltre alla predisposizione di norme penali più adeguate, alla creazione di un Tribunale Internazionale competente per le richieste penali legate all’ambiente e all’ammissione della responsabilità penale delle persone giuridiche. Si riconosce, nell’ambiente, una reale garanzia di tipo costituzionale, non soltanto diffusa, ma anche individuale, giacché direttamente legata alla qualità di vita dei singoli esseri e che ha avviato, negli ultimi decenni, la consacrazione di documenti internazionali e costituzionali di effettiva tutela.
APLICACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS DE LA NATURALEZA EN ECUADOR
Authors: Garzón Rene Patricio Bedón
Published: June 2017

La Constitución de la República del Ecuador ha consagrado derechos a favor de la naturaleza incluyendo una reserva constitucional para su creación. En tal virtud, se han presentado varias acciones de protección y medidas cautelares constitucionales a fin de hacer efectivos estos derechos y en las cuales, fundamentalmente para garantizar el derecho de la naturaleza a la conservación integral, se ha determinado la suspensión de obras hasta que se obtengan los permisos ambientales correpondientes por parte del Estado para generar impactos ambientales; se ha aplicado el principio precautorio, se han suspendido actividades por no existir evidencia científica de daño; y, se ha ponderado derechos para permitir la limitación del derecho a la propiedad privada a fin de que se realicen tareas de remediación de un evento ambiental y se logre garantizar el derecho de la naturaleza a la restauración.
A ADMISSIBILIDADE DE DEMANDAS TERRITORIAIS INDÍGENAS NA COMISSÃO INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Michel Voltaire de Freitas , Deitos Marc Antoni
Published: June 2017

Inicialmente, o trabalho apresenta um histórico da formação do sistema regional interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos, destacando a criação da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A partir da análise de uma sucessão de julgados da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, o paper avalia, em primeiro lugar, o modo como o órgão interpreta as condições de admissibilidade das demandas que noticiam violações a direitos indígenas, sobretudo os relacionados com o reconhecimento das terras tradicionalmente ocupadas por esses povos. Em seguida, com base no referencial teórico anterior e diante do fato concreto das dezenas de casos submetidos à corte, o trabalho faz uma análise qualitativa do modo como os requisitos de admissibilidade têm sido interpretados pelo órgão do sistema regional. Como conclusão, pode-se apontar para uma certa flexibilidade da mencionada comissão para a admissão dessas demandas, o que sinaliza para uma receptividade para o conhecimento de demandas relacionadas com terras indígenas. Para fins metodológicos, a análise se limitou aos casos submetidos à Comissão no período que se inicia com a instituição da Relatoria de Povos Indígenas (1990), destinada à especialização na abordagem destas matérias
INFERENCIAS SOBRE LA LEY BRASILERA DE DELITOS AMBIENTALES EN COMPARACIÓN CON EL CÓDIGO PENAL COLOMBIANO
Authors: Spadotto Anselmo Jose , Barreiro María del Pilar Romero , De Medeiros Gerson Araújo
Published: June 2017

Los asuntos ambientales no tienen fronteras; implican la comprensión e interpretación de las normas ambientales en los diferentes países y culturas existentes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las convergencias y divergencias interpretativas de las normas penales ambientales de Brasil y Colombia, por medio de un estudio comparativo entre la Ley de Delitos Ambientales de Brasil y el Código Penal Colombiano. Los artículos científicos sobre derecho penal ambiental de los dos países fueron consultados en sitios de internet especializados; en las páginas oficiales gubernamentales se consultó la legislación, se usó como criterio transversal la actualización y vigencia de las mismas. Dentro de los resultados significativos se encontraron temas como la culpa, la autoría y el concurso de personas en los delitos, la responsabilidad administrativa, el daño a la propiedad ajena como agravante, la pericia ambiental, la responsabilidad de la persona jurídica, la profundidad al describir algunas características ambientales, además de temas comunes entre las dos normas. Se concluyó que la norma brasilera es más específica al abordar las cuestiones ambientales, proporcionando así una cobertura más eficiente en la penalización de delitos ambientales con relación al Código Penal Colombiano.