bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dacă nu mai există limitări de gen în arealul profesional, de ce ar mai exista ele în limbă? / If there are no gender limitations in the professional realm, why would they persist in language?
Authors: Nicolau Felix
Published: July 2019

The historical evolution of languages has been more than once influenced by the sheer influence of scholars who re-channeled some linguistic phenomena or simply consecrated aspects of colloquial usage. This happened in the history of Romanian language when the Latinist scholars cleansed the lexicon and parts of morphology of various non-Latin borrowings and derivations whereas they revived or inserted Latin formations. Taking account of this, it would be hard to justify the rejection of many feminized denominations of professions used already by people in everyday conversations. With the advance of technology and with the support of the third wave of feminism women are able nowadays to embrace whatever professional field they may want. On the other hand, there are numerous international conventions that acknowledge the role played by women in the setting up of the postindustrial society. That is why my article is a plea in favor of a linguistic updating, namely the acceptance into the literary language of feminized denominations of professions.
A challenge to American pragmatism: staging O’Neill’s Hughie by Alexa Visarion
Authors: Bulz Adriana Carolina
Published: July 2019

“Hughie or the Tale of a Memory” is the working title of the first play that the experienced artist Alexa Visarion has directed for the independent theater (a production released in 2017). The purpose of my paper, which is an investigation of several drama reviews that discuss the play’s first night, is to prove that – despite difficulties with cultural reception and public taste (given a text by O’Neill that is 80 years old, as well as the director’s first time with an informal theater production) - this performance was a succesful attempt at communicating and debating the conflicted values of American pragmatism and equally a crowning of the Romanian director’s effort to stage O’Neill’s plays in our country. Relying on insights from the American doctrine of Pragmatism, I will try to show how O’Neill’s text challenges philosophical premises that are inbred in the American status-quo, thereby making his plays “anti-materialistic” by promoting a fatalistic approach to existence.
Propuesta metodológica para el ingreso al coro de primaria
Authors: Veintimilla Triviño Ivette Magaly
Published: July 2019

apoyar a los docentes de educación musical que laboran en diferentes instituciones educativas a nivel primario, que tienen a cargo la dirección coral, y muchas veces esta no es tan agradable para el docente ni favorable para los aspirantes, ya que con
la forma tradicional en que se realizan las audiciones he comprobado que no se aplica en realidad una metodología didáctica para descubrir las aptitudes musicales del
aspirante; en este caso, niños entre siete y diez años de edad, ya que ellos desconocen de qué se trata esta prueba de admisión, lo que ocasiona muchas veces nerviosismo, inseguridad, estrés y falla en el momento de la prueba. El docente solo se enfoca en tocar algunos vocalizos y dar su veredicto de inmediato, y en muchas veces ejercicios inadecuados para la edad del aspirante, puesto que no se han tomado en cuenta los factores emocionales que pueden intervenir durante el proceso.

Es por ello por lo que propongo con base en mi experiencia, un proceso en el cual el niño aspirante al coro, pueda realizar antes de la prueba, algunas actividades motivacionales y musicales que le permitan al docente conocer las verdaderas aptitudes musicales de los aspirantes para admitirlo en el coro.
Medición de la aceptación de dispositivos móviles en personas con discapacidad visual
Authors: Palacios Vanegas Héctor Fabián
Published: July 2019

La penetración de los dispositivos móviles en el mercado mundial viene en aumento. En América Latina, Colombia se encuentra en el tercer lugar, con un 45.3% de usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes [1]; pero no sucede lo mismo si se habla de personas con discapacidad visual, por lo cual es pertinente evaluar la accesibilidad y la interacción eficaz que tienen con estos dispositivos. Un registro realizado por el DANE (2009), revela que hay 231.072 personas con discapacidad visual en Colombia, los cuales en su mayoría son usuarios activos de la tecnología. Para explorar los impactos potenciales, se hizo la réplica de un estudio previo [2], en el cual se evalúa la interacción que tiene la población con baja visión o discapacidad visual con los dispositivos móviles. Para la obtención de datos se aplicaron dos métodos. El primero fue una encuesta en línea que incluyó 31 participantes con baja visión o discapacidad visual en América Latina, enfocada en la accesibilidad que tienen estos a los teléfonos inteligentes en un país en vía de desarrollo; el segundo fue un panel de usuarios, realizado con tres participantes, en donde se recibieron opiniones en cuanto al uso de un modelo de representación de un dispositivo portátil tipo brazalete, con dos simuladores de interfaces diferentes, que facilita a los discapacitados visuales la interacción con los dispositivos móviles. Los hallazgos se dirigen hacia una nueva línea de investigación, en el planteamiento de un diseño de un dispositivo vestible, con características especiales para un contexto en vía de desarrollo.
Alternativa pedagógica para la educación musical basada en la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples y las tecnologías de información y comunicación
Authors: Criollo Espinoza Diego
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo muestra una alternativa actual para ser utilizada en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación musical en el Ecuador, fundamentada en la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner y el uso de la tecnología del siglo XXI, dando a conocer la importancia de la música en el desarrollo integral del individuo, no solo como músicos profesionales, sino como seres humanos; al mismo tiempo se exponen la realidad de la educación musical en el país y la falta de interés por los beneficios esenciales que la música otorga en los niños y adolescentes para una vida laboral y en comunidad.
Vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes by four-component radical cascade reaction of xanthogenates, alkenes, CO, and sulfonyl oxime ethers
Authors: Sumino Shuhei , Fukuyama Takahide , Sasano Mika , Ryu Ilhyong , Jacquet Antoine , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick
Published: July 2019

Four-component coupling reactions between xanthogenates, alkenes, CO, and sulfonyl oxime ethers were studied. In the presence of hexabutylditin, working as a propagating radical reagent, the chain reaction proceeds, as expected, taking into account reagents polarities, affording the corresponding functionalized α-keto oximes. Although yields are modest, this rare one-pot four-component process is easy to carry out and the resulting compounds, bearing multiple functionalities, have the potential for further elaboration.
The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Aggarwal K. , Arzoumanian Z. , Baker P. T. , Brazier A. , Brinson M. R. , Brook P. R. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Cornish N. J. , Crawford F. , Crowter K. , Cromartie H. T. , DeCesar M. , Demorest P. B. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Gentile P. , Hazboun J. S. , Holgado A. M. , Huerta E. A. , Islo K. , Jennings R. , Jones G. , Jones M. L. , Kaiser A. R. , Kaplan D. L. , Kelley L. Z. , Key J. S. , Lam M. T. , Lazio T. J. W. , Levin L. , Lorimer D. R. , Luo J. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , McLaughlin M. A. , McWilliams S. T. , Mingarelli C. M. F. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Pol N. S. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Siemens X. , Simon J. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stinebring D. R. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. , Taylor S. R. , Turner J. E. , Vallisneri M. , van Haasteren R. , Vigeland S. J. , Witt C. A. , Zhu W. W. ,   (The NANOGrav Collaboration)
Published: July 2019

Observations indicate that nearly all galaxies contain supermassive black holes at their centers. When galaxies merge, their component black holes form SMBH binaries (SMBHBs), which emit low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) that can be detected by pulsar timing arrays. We have searched the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves 11 yr data set for GWs from individual SMBHBs in circular orbits. As we did not find strong evidence for GWs in our data, we placed 95% upper limits on the strength of GWs from such sources. At

 = 8 nHz, we placed a sky-averaged upper limit of h
0 < 7.3(3) × 10−15. We also developed a technique to determine the significance of a particular signal in each pulsar using “dropout” parameters as a way of identifying spurious signals. From these upper limits, we ruled out SMBHBs emitting GWs with

 = 8 nHz within 120 Mpc for

, and within 5.5 Gpc for

at our most sensitive sky location. We also determined that there are no SMBHBs with

emitting GWs with

 = 2.8–317.8 nHz in the Virgo Cluster. Finally, we compared our strain upper limits to simulated populations of SMBHBs, based on galaxies in the Two Micron All-Sky Survey and merger rates from the Illustris cosmological simulation project, and found that only 34 out of 75,000 realizations of the local universe contained a detectable source.
Clues on the Origin and Evolution of Massive Contact Binaries: Atmosphere Analysis of VFTS 352
Authors: Abdul-Masih Michael , Sana Hugues , Sundqvist Jon , Mahy Laurent , Menon Athira , Almeida Leonardo A. , Koter Alex De , de Mink Selma E. , Justham Stephen , Langer Norbert , Puls Joachim , Shenar Tomer , Tramper Frank
Published: July 2019

The massive O4.5 V + O5.5 V binary VFTS 352 in the Tarantula Nebula is one of the shortest-period and most massive overcontact binaries known. Recent theoretical studies indicate that some of these systems could ultimately lead to the formation of gravitational waves via black hole binary mergers through the chemically homogeneous evolution pathway. By analyzing ultraviolet–optical phase-resolved spectroscopic data, we aim to constrain atmospheric and wind properties that could be later used to confront theoretical predictions from binary evolution. In particular, surface abundances are powerful diagnostics of the evolutionary status, mass transfer, and internal mixing processes. From a set of 32 Very Large Telescope/FLAMES visual and eight Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph ultraviolet spectra, we used spectral disentangling to separate the primary and secondary components. Using a genetic algorithm wrapped around the NLTE model atmosphere and the spectral synthesis code fastwind, we perform an 11-parameter optimization to derive the atmospheric and wind parameters of both components, including the surface abundances of He, C, N, O, and Si. We find that both components are hotter than expected compared to single-star evolutionary models, indicating that additional mixing processes may be at play. However, the derived chemical abundances do not show significant indications of mixing when adopting baseline values typical of the system environment.
Signatures of Stellar Accretion in MaNGA Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Oyarzún Grecco A. , Bundy Kevin , Westfall Kyle B. , Belfiore Francesco , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia , Lian Jianhui , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Zheng Zheng , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Law David R. , Drory Niv , Andrews Brett H.
Published: July 2019

The late assembly of massive galaxies is thought to be dominated by stellar accretion in their outskirts (beyond two effective radii R
e) due to dry, minor galaxy mergers. We use observations of 1010 passive early-type galaxies (ETGs) within z < 0.15 from MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) to search for evidence of this accretion. The outputs from the stellar population fitting codes FIREFLY, pPXF, and Prospector are compared to control systematic errors in stellar metallicity (Z) estimation. We find that the average radial log Z/Z
⊙ profiles of ETGs in various stellar mass (M
*) bins are not linear. As a result, these profiles are poorly characterized by a single gradient value, explaining why weak trends reported in previous work can be difficult to interpret. Instead, we examine the full radial extent of stellar metallicity profiles and find them to flatten in the outskirts of M
* ≳ 1011
M
⊙ ETGs. This is a signature of stellar accretion. Based on a toy model for stellar metallicity profiles, we infer the ex situ stellar mass fraction in ETGs as a function of M
* and galactocentric radius. We find that ex situ stars at R ∼ 2R
e make up 20% of the projected stellar mass of M
* ≲ 1010.5
M
⊙ ETGs, rising up to 80% for M
* ≳ 1011.5
M
⊙ ETGs.
KSP-OT-201611a: A Distant Population II Dwarf Nova Candidate Discovered by the KMTNet Supernova Program
Authors: Lee Youngdae , Moon Dae-Sik , Kim Sang Chul , Park Hong Soo , Cha Sang-Mok , Lee Yongseok
Published: July 2019

We present a multicolor, high-cadence photometric study of a distant dwarf nova KSP-OT-201611a discovered by the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network Supernova Program. From 2016 October to 2017 May, two outbursts, which comprise a super/long outburst followed by a normal/short outburst separated by ∼91 days, were detected in the BVI bands. The shapes and amplitudes of the outbursts reveal the nature of KSP-OT-201611a to be an SU UMa- or U Gem-type dwarf nova. Color variations of periodic humps in the super/long outburst possibly indicate that KSP-OT-201611a is an SU UMa-type dwarf nova. The super and normal outbursts show distinctively different color evolutions during the outbursts due most likely to the difference in time when the cooling wave is formed in the accretion disk. The outburst peak magnitudes and the orbital period of the dwarf nova indicate that it is at a large Galactocentric distance (∼13.8 kpc) and height (∼1.7 kpc) from the Galactic plane. KSP-OT-201611a, therefore, may provide a rare opportunity to study the accretion disk process of Population II dwarf novae.
The Physical Conditions of the Afterglow Implied by MAGIC’s Sub-TeV Observations of GRB 190114C
Authors: Derishev Evgeny , Piran Tsvi
Published: July 2019

MAGIC’s observations of late sub-TeV photons from GRB 190114C enable us, for the first time, to determine the details of the emission process in a GRB afterglow and to pin down the physical parameters, such as the bulk Lorentz factor and the Lorentz factor of the emitting electrons as well as some of the microphysical parameters. We find that the sub-TeV emission is synchrotron–self-Compton radiation produced at the early afterglow stage. Combining the sub-TeV and X-ray observations we narrow uncertainties in the conditions inside the emitting zone, almost eliminating them for some parameters. Seventy seconds after the trigger the external shock had a Lorentz factor ≃100, and the electrons producing the observed sub-TeV radiation had a Lorentz factor ≃104, so that the sub-TeV radiation originates from Comptonization of X-ray photons at the border between the Thomson and Klein–Nishina regimes. The inferred conditions within the emitting zone are at odds with theoretical expectations unless one assumes moderate (with τ ≃ 2) absorption of sub-TeV photons inside the source. With this correction the conditions are in good agreement with predictions of the pair-balance model, but are also acceptable for generic afterglow model as one of many possibilities. The different temporal evolution of the inverse Compton peak energy of these two models opens a way to discriminate between them once late-time detection in the TeV range become available.
Regional Policy for Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries Within the Sendai Framework: A Systematic Review
Authors: Surianto Surianto , Syahirul Alim , Nindrea Ricvan Dana , Trisnantoro Laksono
Published: July 2019

The recently concluded World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in Sendai, Japan and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) have set renewed priorities for disaster risk reduction (DRR) for the next 15 years. This framework is the main guiding instrument for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) within the scope of sustainable development and the eradication of poverty. Disaster management policies and practices should be based on an understanding of risks, not just on an ideological level. Gap and key challenges identified include Still weak coordination, cooperation and linkages among the sectors related to DRR, Lacks of skills in loss assessment and post disaster needs, lack of strategic research agenda, absence of consensus regarding terminology, and limited coordination between stakeholders. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of why disaster risk reduction efforts undertaken by regional policy often fail to improve future disaster responses. These findings can be used to help guide to improve regional policy in disaster risk reduction processes. This research is a systematic review study by collecting articles that are relevant to International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. From the analysis, we found that all four priorities for action in the Sendai Framework are relevant to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) field as follows: 1). Understanding disaster risk; 2). Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; 3). Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience and 4). Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Salah Mohab M. , Abdelmawla MA , Eid Sally R. , Hasanin Rasha mahmoud , Mostafa Eman A. , Abdelhameed MW
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Neonatal encephalopathy is a heterogeneous syndrome characterised by signs of central nervous system dysfunction in the newborn. Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) increases the blood-brain barrier permeability, and their inhibitors can reduce its damage. MMP-9 has been implicated specifically in cerebral ischemia.
AIM: To measure serum MMP-9 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and evaluate its correlation to the severity of early prediction and treatment.
METHODS: its case-control study. The serum concentration of MMP-9 was determined by ELISA in 100 hypoxic neonates and 50 healthy neonates of matched age and sex who served as controls.
RESULTS: In our present study the serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher at p = 0.0001 in hypoxic-ischemic full-term newborns (176.7 ± 68.7 ng/ml)as compared to control newborn (69.4 ± 34.85 ng/ml)and it was significantly higher at p = 0.0075 in hypoxic-ischemic preterm newborn (171.2 ± 132.9 ng/ml) when compared to control newborn (72.54 ± 36.74 ng/ml),also MMP-9 was significantly higher at Sarnat stage III at p = 0.0001.
CONCLUSION: Serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in hypoxic-ischemic newborns, and significantly increased with severity, so we suggest that serum MMP-9 level is important for predicting neurological sequel and severity in neonatal encephalopathy.
Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the Micarea prasina group (Pilocarpaceae) and descriptions of six new species within the group
Authors: Guzow-Krzemińska Beata , Sérusiaux Emmanuël , van den Boom Pieter P. G. , Brand A. Maarten , Launis Annina , Łubek Anna , Kukwa Martin
Published: July 2019

Six new Micarea species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA, Mcm7 and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the M.prasina group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The Micareamicrococca clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known M.micrococca and the newly described M.microsorediata, M.nigra and M.pauli. Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of M.levicula and M.viridileprosa producing gyrophoric acid. The M.prasina clade includes the newly described M.azorica closely related to M.prasina s.str., M.aeruginoprasina sp. nov. and M.isidioprasina sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of M.herbarum which lacks any detectable substances and M.subviridescens that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the M.prasina group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of M.prasina group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to M.micrococca and allied species or micareic acid present in the M.prasina clade.
Quelles connaissances les étudiants mobilisent-ils pour coopérer en futsal à l’aide d’une tablette numérique ?
Authors: Le Paven Maël , Kerivel Thibault , Kermarrec Gilles , Philippe Tanguy
Published: July 2019

Cette étude s’intéresse à la façon dont des étudiants en deuxième année de licence STAPS s’approprient l’usage de tablettes numériques à des fins d’amélioration de leur pratique d’une activité sportive collective (le futsal), incluant une pratique d’intervention. Nous mobilisons à cet effet les descripteurs issus de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique (Sensevy, 2011) dans le cadre d’une analyse qualitative de moments d’autoscopie individuels et d’échanges collectifs médiés par l’utilisation de la tablette, en étayant nos analyses par celles des discours véhiculés selon différentes conditions par les étudiants et par leur professeur. Nos résultats révèlent la façon dont l’épistémologie pratique des étudiants traduit une évolution des connaissances mobilisées pour analyser leur pratique, pour interagir avec leurs camarades et pour intervenir auprès d’eux. Ces résultats mettent en exergue une co-construction de compétences à intervenir marquées par une attention croissante aux conditions d’émergence d’un « voir comme » (Wittgenstein, 1953/2004) partagé, comme support d’élaboration de stratégies d’interactions réciproques. Ils engagent à discuter la mise en complémentarité des expériences d’action et de retour sur l’action au sein des cursus de formation universitaires.
L’enseignement spécialisé à l’épreuve d’un déjà-là. Études de cas de deux enseignants d’activités physiques adaptées en Tunisie
Authors: Lengliz Hanene , Guerchi Maher , Carnus Marie France
Published: July 2019

Cet article s’inscrit dans un travail de thèse en didactique clinique de l’EPS qui s’intéresse à l’analyse des pratiques enseignantes in situ et au cas par cas. En articulant certains concepts issus des didactiques disciplinaires à une clinique d’orientation psychanalytique, nous interrogeons ici des pratiques enseignantes spécialisées dans les activités physiques adaptées (APA) auprès d’élèves à besoins particuliers présentant une déficience mentale. La phase exploratoire de notre recherche mobilise le concept de « déjà-là » qui représente la partie cachée du processus décisionnel de l’enseignant qui nous permettra d’avoir un regard plus profond sur ce qui pourrait influencer ou même déterminer son activité professionnelle. Nous procédons à une étude de cas rapprochés de deux enseignants d’EPS exerçant dans deux institutions spécialisées en Tunisie : une publique et l’autre privée. L’analyse de contenu des entretiens permet de rendre compte des fondements subjectifs de la transmission de savoir(s) de ces deux enseignants spécialisés et souligne la pertinence d’un regard clinique en didactique des APA.
Traveler Decision Making in Online vs. Offline Buying Behavior
Authors: Roy Souvik , Amar Raju G.  , Joseph Dennis
Published: July 2019

The growing preference of consumers to search for information and make web purchases in travel and tourism context is forcing a number of enterprises to go online. Looking at the complexity that already lies in offline decision making, attracting consumers online, understanding their psychology, and making them purchase is becoming a stringent job for the marketers. Though significant research work has been done in terms of adoption of website services for travel websites, a comparative understanding of the offline and online purchase decision-making process of the consumer and how that can be leveraged in making the consumer loyal through continuous usage of the website services still needs an in-depth understanding. In this chapter, the authors have tried to differentiate between online and offline behavior and proposed a model based on intention adoption and continuance framework which will surely provide insights to both the academicians and marketers/website developers in terms of improving the online buying behavior of consumers in travel and tourism context.
Assessment and Civility
Authors: Cline Benjamin J.
Published: July 2019

Civility in computer-mediated communication, especially in the computer-mediated classroom, has been a topic of numerous inquiries. For this reason, teaching of the means and reasons for civil computer-mediated communication has become increasingly necessary. To accomplish this, the chapter will explore past research which indicates major sources of incivility that have emerged in computer-mediated culture. The chapter will then argue that civil discourse is also the most effective and useful form of discourse and show that needs to be communicated to students. This chapter then offers concrete means of teaching civility in computer-mediated communication by teaching civility as tied to the rhetorical concept of ethos already taught in the Public Speaking class.
Maintaining Relationships Through Social Media and the Way Forward
Authors: Afedzie Richard H. , Nartey Stanford , Aller James
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the influence of social media in our global political, social, and business landscape. It underscores the argument that the value of social media in our 21st century social and business lifestyles cannot be overlooked. It explores some of the ways in which social media has shaped and positively maintained friendship, dating, and family relationships. It also highlights some of the growing challenges and emerging moral risks associated with unregulated social media prevalence in the society and offers ways to minimize threats posed by unfettered social media use in the society.
Effectively Utilizing a Socially Mediated Network
Authors: De Felice Dustin , Curtis Wesley A. , Alcocer Luz María Ortiz
Published: July 2019

Cooperative learning has evolved over the years to include web-mediated elements within traditional and virtual classrooms. In this chapter, authors discuss a collaboration that used computer-supported collaborative learning through an online socially-mediated network. This collaboration served as a bridge between two universities from different countries. Not only did this collaboration link the students from each university together, but it provided language learners and pre-service student-teachers with the ability to benefit from the unique connection between them (i.e. students needing to learn language and teachers needing to practice teaching a language). Authors discuss the collaboration, the framework, and the format of this cooperative learning project. Much of this discussion is rooted in the experiences of some of the students who participated in its evolution with the intent to provide a direction for implementing such a type of collaboration in other institutions.
Social Causatums of Improper Waste Management
Authors: Lone G. Hassan , Buchh Fatima , Shah Naila Irshad
Published: July 2019

A social dilemma is used to chronicle problems with a particular group of people living in that area. It is always the outcome of assorted factors looming beyond the distinctive control and when it comes to waste management, it encompasses all the execution process involved in managing the waste material. This chapter is an attempt to highlight the social problems associated with waste management. People, who are just helpless to place and pay for sanitation and spruceness services, tend to bundle their succulent and solid waste in the open. Open dumps along the roadsides are primarily in practice, which becomes the main reason for blockage of drains, spreading contagious infection, spreading of flies, and stray dog menace. The situation is worse in rural areas where the town area committees are not that active. Adverse breach of calamitous waste casting can be seen everywhere. Due to the influx in the population, the method used is inadequate, undervalued, and paucity of congressional exercises related to waste management are not functioning generously.
Impacts of Hazardous Waste on Soil Health
Authors: Katnoria Jatinder Kaur , Sharma Priyanka
Published: July 2019

Soil, a natural medium for plant growth, provides the anchorage to the plants and supplies various nutrients required for the plant growth. It is an important ecosystem that not only provides the shelter to various organisms but also participates directly or indirectly in various biogeochemical cycles. However, in recent years, the earth's soil has been stripped away, rendered sterile, and contaminated with toxic chemicals due to various anthropogenic activities. This increasing wide spread pollution has caused vast areas of land to become non-arable and hazardous for both wildlife and human populations. Unlike many other organic pollutants, which are degraded in the soils, some of the hazardous compounds like heavy metals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and phthalates are of special concern as most of these are conserved. The presence of such compounds in soil ecosystem causes severe toxicity and imbalances in the soil ecosystem as a whole. The chapter focuses on various sources of soil pollutants and the effects of hazardous compounds on soil health.
Municipal Urban Waste-to-Energy Business Model in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: July 2019

The major objective of this research is to identify the main aspects presented in three companies of energy generation from biogas produced by landfills in three Mexican cities. Analyzing these companies, their way of operating and business environment, it is possible to detect the existence of business opportunities in this area. It is concluded that there is a great potential of wasted businesses that works through market mechanisms in strategic alliance with public entities as a more viable option for the reduction of investment risk and the viability of the projects. The use of high technologies, composition of city waste, and available infrastructure are key factors. The study of three companies in operation allows the identification of factors that can help in the implementation of more companies of energy generation based on urban solid waste in more areas of the country and elsewhere with successful and profitable results for both private capital and social interest.
Flight Validation of a System for Autonomous Rotorcraft Multilift
Authors: Takahashi Marc D. , Whalley Matthew S. , Berrios Marcos G. , Schulein Gregory J.
Published: July 2019

A system for rotorcraft dual lift was developed and flight-tested using two Yamaha RMAX helicopters equipped with customized avionics and sling–load hardware. Important features of the system were tested, including precision dual-lift maneuvering, load tension equalization, and
load motion damping. Flight-test results are presented that include autonomous takeoff and landing and an oval racetrack pattern flying at 5 m/s carrying 171% of the rated maximum load for one aircraft. Results of formation changes while flying oval patterns are also presented as well as results
on active control to equalize the sling tensions between the two aircraft. In addition, sling–load feedback results to increase the sling damping in hover are presented. Finally, the feasibility of migrating the concept to full-scale is shown in simulation using two UH-60 models in a
dual-lift configuration carrying 6000 lb at 80 kt.
Influence of Scavenge Leg Geometry on Inertial Particle Separator Performance
Authors: Connolly Brian J. , Loth Eric , Snyder Philip H. , Smith C. Frederic
Published: July 2019

An inertial particle separator (IPS) is a particulate removal device typically installed at the inlet of a gas turbine to mitigate effects of sand ingestion on the engine. This system can minimize particulate ingestion during helicopter landings in austere brownout conditions so as
to increase engine life. Typically, IPS systems have lower engine power losses than alternative engine inlet filtration technologies. The present study investigates the effect of IPS particle removal and power losses as a function of scavenge leg geometry. Performance was evaluated based on
particle separation efficiency, particle image velocimetry, and surface flow visualization, as well as power loss and mass flow rate variations. Of the various scavenge geometries considered, it was found that flow constriction with a hub-side ramp most improved separation efficiency, while
also stabilizing mass flow rates and generally reducing power loss. This is attributed to a reduction in the level of flow separation by the addition of a favorable pressure gradient and geometry changes downstream of the attached flow region.
South African farmers' needs of agricultural data
Authors: Groenewald J. A. , Frick A.
Published: July 2019

Data on agriculture are required by decision-makers, including farmers, to solve problems and make business decisions. The needs of decision-makers have changed over time. Since information systems are designed to aid decisionmakers, their needs should be determined. A mail survey among farmers indicated that they are chiefly interested in information regarding producer prices, prices of field crop inputs and statistics on imports and exports of livestock products. There is also interest in employment data and statistics on economic, institutional and infrastructural matters.
An affirmative action audit for affirmative change: A management perspective
Authors: Theron S. W. , Viljoen M. R.
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on management's perception of affirmative action for affirmative change. A questionnaire, developed to measure attitudes towards the implementation of an affirmative action programme, was distributed to managers at all levels of management in a parastatal. Results supply evidence of a negative orientation towards affirmative action amongst younger managers. They hold the view that members of disadvantaged groups are favoured at their expense. Younger managers also perceive older managers not to have the necessary vision and skills to implement an affirmative action programme successfully. It is recommended that line management encourage communication between the different race groups, and develop positive attitudes and expectations towards the employers, the affirmative action programmes and the various jobs available.
The learning organisation: A means of facilitating training for change in South African organisations
Authors: Struwig F. W. , Smith E. E. , Venter D. J.
Published: July 2019

This article considers the nature and role of the learning organisation as a means of implementing change through training in South African organisations. The paper is based on theoretical study and empirical research, including 365 training and organisational development specialists in South Africa. Five null hypotheses were empirically tested in order to establish relationships between the learning organisation and certain independent variables (classification data and training). Advanced statistical methods, such as analysis of variance and correlation coefficients were used to test these hypotheses. The learning organisation facilitates learning by all its members and has the capacity to adapt and change continuously. If learning is an organisational priority, training programmes should be designed to promote initiatives to change the organisation. Emphasis should be placed on both learning (acquiring knowledge and skills) and doing (practical application).
Some recommendations towards reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector
Authors: Blignaut J. N. , De Wet T.
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the means of reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector. It concludes that neither the price of electricity, nor taxes, subsidies or legislation are likely to bring about the required change. A change in the production structure using relatively more labour and less capital is also unlikely in the immediate future, given the socioeconomic and legislative milieu currently prevailing in South Africa. The only feasible solution that seems likely is a change in technology, which includes the more efficient use of electricity. Given the possible international agreement regarding global climate change commitments and procedures, clean development mechanisms may therefore yet provide the answer.
Occupational segregation of work and income disparities among South African women
Authors: Lalthapersad P.
Published: July 2019

Despite the increase in the number of women participating in the South African labour market in recent years, little progress has been made in removing wage disparities, eradicating women's marginality in the labour market, reassessing women's work or changing the traditional occupational ghettos of women. Not only does the South African labour market exhibit anomalies in respect of the gender composition of occupations, there are substantial differences by race. A good barometer of determining the extent to which men and women undertake different types of jobs, is to analyse the percentage of male and female workers per occupational category.
Personality attributes of successful franchisees in the fast foods sector in South Africa
Authors: Von H Kasselmann B. , De Beer Johannes J. , Vermeulen Leopold P.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was to identify the personality traits, emotive responses and attitudinal orientation of franchisees. Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personal Profile Analysis of Thomas International and Boshoff's Entrepreneurial Attitude Questionnaire were used. Measurements were obtained in respect of a sample of 80 restaurants belonging to a fast foods franchise. A stepwise discriminant analysis identified statistically significant differences between successful and unsuccessful groups in respect of five factors. Successful franchisees were emotionally more stable and sober·minded, exhibited a higher degree of shrewdness, displayed higher self-esteem. and were more compliant. The Jack-Knife Classification was used in devising a classification table to compare the observed and predicted success rates of franchisees. The study found that the identified five factors could be used to predict the potential success rate of franchisees.
Baselines for suppressed demand: CDM projects contribution to poverty alleviation
Authors: Winkler Harald , Thorne Steve
Published: July 2019

Projects implemented under the Clean Development Mechanism (COM) need to establish a baseline. The baselines is a projection of greenhouse gas emissions that would have occurred without the project. Establishing baselines that allow for sustainable development through COM projects is a key challenge, especially in poor communities. The COM rules explicitly allow for baselines that account for emissions "above current levels due to specific circumstances of host parties". This provision lends support to crediting of growth in demand for energy services where it is currently suppressed as a result of poverty and/or lack of infrastructure or suppressed demand. The question is whether the existing level of consumption is the baseline or the future expected level of consumption including "development" advances in provision of energy services and as a result of poverty alleviation is the baseline. Or should development be allowed to get dirty before it qualifies to become clean? The paper presents a baseline methodology that provides opportunities for suppressed demand to be predicted and counted.
The leaching paradox and return flow management options for sustainable irrigated agriculture
Authors: Armour R. J. , Vlljoen M. F.
Published: July 2019

Leaching is necessary to maintain an acceptable salt balance in the root-zone of irrigated crops. This however contributes to point and non-point source water pollution externalities if not managed correctly. The use of a linear programming model, SALMOD (Salinity and Leaching Model for Optimal Irrigation Development) is demonstrated to determine the feasibility of leaching. artificial drainage, and on-farm storage/evaporation ponds to manage degraded return flows entering the water source and groundwater. Results show optimal cropping compositions and management practices to maximise farm returns subject to water quality conditions and return flow constraints. The economic effects of constraining return-flows and of water pricing policy on the volume of return flows are also determined. Results show valuable policy information regarding the interactions between artificial drainage subsidisation, return flow restrictions and on-farm storage.
Perceptions of sexual discrimination, sexual harassment and job satisfaction among female employees in the public sector
Authors: Brand H. E. , Silberman M. T.
Published: July 2019

Discrimination against women is a phenomenon still present in today's society. While research concerning sexual discrimination has been done, very little has been written about it under South African conditions, and almost no research has been done concerning the perceptions of female employees regarding sexual discrimination and harassment towards them. This study investigated female employees' perception of sexual discrimination, sexual harassment and job satisfaction. A questionnaire was developed and used as a measuring instrument on a probability sample of female employees in a public sector department. Results show that the respondents do not experience sexual discrimination to a large extent, and that they believe that sexual harassment will have a negative effect on job satisfaction, absenteeism and negativity towards the work environment.
Transfer pricing as strategic planning tool for multinational enterprises in a post-isolation South Africa
Authors: Schutte Petri , Loots Jozua
Published: July 2019

Political and trade liberalisation leads to irrevocable change, exposing South Africa to the demands of the dynamic global market, driven by a deluge of competitive forces, demanding world-class, global competitiveness. The challenge facing South African organisations is to successfully transform in an economy undergoing structural change, moving away from import substitution to global competitiveness. Historically, stringent exchange controls prevented profits to emigrate from South Africa. Trade liberalisation necessitates the introduction of transfer pricing legislation to protect the national tax base. Application of transfer pricing in practice is complex, information constraints compel the use of foreign comparables in determining a reward consistent with the arm's length standard, challenging objectiveness and risk adjustment. Strategic opportunities exist if transfer pricing is not entrenched in national regulation compliance.
Franchisors on the financing and other problems of prospective franchisees
Authors: Smit A. M.
Published: July 2019

The current high unemployment rate and the need to develop the SME sector in South Africa, has highlighted the franchise sector as a possible generator of employment and wealth. Certain problems in the SME sector, for example the lack of financing, were identified and investigated from the viewpoint of the franchisor. This study attempts to analyse the general problems that prospective franchisees are confronted with and then focuses on the more specific problems regarding financing as experienced by the prospective franchisees.
The geology and hydrogeology of springs on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: an overview
Authors: Baechler Fred E. , Cross Heather J. , Baechler Lynn
Published: July 2019

Cape Breton Island springs have historically played a role in developing potable water supplies, enhancing salmonid streams, creating thin-skinned debris flows, as well as mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. Cape Breton Island provides a hydrogeological view into the roots of an ancient mountain range, now exhumed, deglaciated and tectonically inactive. Exhumation and glaciation over approximately 140 Ma since the Cretaceous are of particular relevance to spring formation. A total of 510 springs have been identified and discussed in terms of hydrological regions, flow, temperature, sphere of influence, total dissolved solids, pH and water typing. Examples are provided detailing characteristics of springs associated with faults, karst, salt diapirs, rockfall/alluvial systems and debris avalanche sites. Preliminary findings from a monitoring program of 27 springs are discussed. Future research should focus on identifying additional springs and characterizing associated groundwater dependent ecosystems. Incorporating springs into the provincial groundwater observation well monitoring program could facilitate early warning of drought conditions and other impacts associated with changing climate.
Neoproterozoic U–Pb (zircon) and 40Ar/39Ar (muscovite) ages from granitic pegmatite clasts, basal Ross Island Formation, Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Barr Sandra M. , Mortensen James K.
Published: July 2019

Zircon grains from a granitic pegmatite clast from conglomerate at the base of the Ross Island Formation on Grand Manan Island indicate an igneous crystallization age of 664.1 ± 4.6 Ma.  The clast also contains abundant older inherited grains back to the Archean. Muscovite in the same clast and an additional similar clast yielded cooling ages of 607.0 ± 3.7 Ma and 619.6 ± 4.1 Ma, respectively, providing a maximum depositional age for the host conglomerate of the Ross Island Formation.   The similarity in age to pegmatite in the Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation in Penobscot Bay, Maine, supports earlier correlations between the two areas based on similarities in Neoproterozoic quartzite and carbonate units.
Modelización hidrodinámica del flujo sobre diques de materiales sueltos
Authors: Cantero-Chinchilla F.N. , Bergillos R.J. , Castro-Orgaz O.
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo entre los últimos avances en el modelado promediado de flujos sobre diques de materiales sueltos. Entre los modelos más relevantes se encuentran: (i) modelos no hidrostáticos con transporte de sedimentos, (ii) modelos hidrostáticos con transporte de sedimentos y movimiento dinámico granular y (iii) modelos hidrostáticos con transporte de sedimentos por carga de fondo. Los tres tipos de modelos son comparados con datos experimentales para discutir su aplicabilidad. Mientras que el modelo hidrostático con transporte de sedimentos por carga de fondo presenta una solución adecuada en términos generales, el modelo no hidrostático permite mejorar la predicción del flujo en la cresta del dique, mientras que el modelo con movimiento granular dinámico permite mejorar las predicciones cerca del pie del dique. Por último, se discuten las limitaciones de los modelos.