bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Different Statins on the Risk of Incident Dementia and the Impact of Gender and Exposure time on Risk Reduction: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.
Authors: Elgardawi Maha M. , Othman Kamilah A. , Mesallati Arig.M. , Abdelmalik Aisha M. , Idrise Doua W.
Published: February 2025

The impact of statins in the prevention of dementia has been a point of debate recently however, the evidence remains controversial. For this reason, we conducted this meta-analysis of relevant observational studies to assess the relationship between statin therapy and the reduction of dementia risk
Methods:
We systematically searched for relevant studies published from 2000 to 2021 using different scientific search engines. Seventeen original articles, which represent observational studies about the prophylactic effect of statin medications in reducing the risk of all-cause dementia were chosen. We then extracted data from the selected studies and performed meta-analysis of these studies using random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.
Results:
About 4,241,469 Participants met the eligibility criteria. Statin users had lowered all caused dementia risk than those non-statin users (RR from 17 studies RR= 0.745, 95% CI = 0.653- 0.849, P =0.000). In subgroup analyses, statins reduced the risk of dementia in both males and females (RR= 0.902, 95%, CI=0.872-0.932, P= 0.00), (RR= 0.889, 95%, CI= 0.794- 0.995, P= 0.04). Moreover, testing different statin formulae has shown that atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have significant effects (aRR=0.686, 95%CI=0.488-0.965, p-value=0.030) and (RR=0.695, 95%CI= 0.553-0.873, p-value=0.002). While simvastatin showed a non-significant effect (an RR= 0.900; 95%, CI=0.792-1.024; P=0.109). concerning exposure time, using statin for more than one year tends to show a significant influence on the risk of dementia (RR= 0.576; 95%, CI= 0.367- 0.903; P= 0.016).
Conclusion:
This analytical study revealed the great value of using statins in both males and females who are at higher risk of developing dementia. It is highly recommended for conducting a clinical study on high-risk Libyan patients.
Some reflections on mutual and collaborative learning issues in German language teaching
Authors:   Head of the Department of German and French Languages, Fergana State University, Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogical Sciences (PhD), Uzbekistan, kizi Khasanova Ozodakhon Kurvonali , kizi Mustafoyeva Saidakhon Juma ,   Student, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2025

In research related to the topic of foreign language acquisition, the impact of the environment surrounding language learners on language learning and teaching is also of significant importance. Foreign language lessons, like all lessons in general, are based on teacher-student or student-student relationships. The nature of such interaction is of great importance for foreign language lessons. In such cooperation, mutual learning can be noted as one of the most important requirements of a foreign language lesson.
Avrasya Geç Miyosen Dönem Microstonyx (Suidae) Taksonomisine Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: Erkman Ahmet Cem
Published: February 2025

Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Geç Miyosen Dönem’de (11,63-5,333 milyon yıl) Microstonyx’in paleobiyocoğrafik dağılımı ve biyostratigrafik farklılığı uzun bir zamandır paleontoloji literatüründe tartışılmaktadır. Zaman, cinsiyet ve bölgesel farklılıkların karmaşası bu Geç Miyosen Dönem domuzunu Avrasya Bölgesi’nde oldukça karakteristik kılmaktadır. Vallesian ve Turolian dönemlerde açık ve kuru alanların artmasıyla birlikte Microstonyx’ler yaşam alanındaki ekolojik farklılığa çok çabuk adapte olabilmiştir. Morfolojik küçük farklılıklar Microstonyx’in alt tür ayrımını son derece hassas kılmıştır. Bu alt türün (subspecies) durumu üç farklı temel prensibe dayanır. Bunlardan ilki kronolojik sıra, ikincisi coğrafik dağılım ve üçüncüsü ise MN 12’den itibaren gerileyerek azalan ölçüleridir. MN 12/13 Dönemi’nde türlerin yok oluşu zirve yapmış ve Akdeniz ve Patratetis’in (7-5 milyon yıl) çekilmesiyle eş zamanlı olarak bu durum sona ermiştir. Akdeniz’den Orta Avrupa’ya kadar olan coğrafik bölgelerde MN 13’e kadar olan süreç içinde, Microstonyx’in yaşanabilir göl sistemleri içinde savana benzeri açık alanlardan ziyade bu alanların daha yeşil yüksek yerlerinde var olmaları bu hipotezi destekler niteliktedir. Ayrıca cranial morfolojisi ve ekosistemde paylaştığı ortak fauna da bu durumu doğrulamaktadır. Microstonyx’in evrimi, spesifik olarak ekolojik değişikliklere karşı çok esnektir. Bu çalışma, Geç Miyosen Dönem’de Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nin yaygın domuzu olan Microstonyx’in coğrafik ve stratigrafik farklılığının yanında ekolojik uyumuna genel bir bakış açısı getirmeyi hedeflemiştir.
Dynamical and Atmospheric Characterization of the Substellar Companion HD 33632 Ab from Direct Imaging, Astrometry, and Radial-velocity Data*
Authors: El Morsy Mona , Currie Thayne , Bovie Danielle , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Lacy Brianna , Li Yiting , Tobin Taylor , Brandt Timothy D. , Chilcote Jeffrey , Guyon Olivier , Groff Tyler D. , Lozi Julien , Vievard Sebastien , Deo Vincent , Skaf Nour , Bouchy Francois , Boisse Isabelle , Dykes Erica , Kasdin N. Jeremy , Tamura Motohide
Published: February 2025

We present follow-up SCExAO/CHARIS H- and K-band (R ∼ 70) high-contrast integral field spectroscopy and Keck/NIRC2 photometry of directly imaged brown dwarf companion HD 33632 Ab and new radial-velocity data for the system from the SOPHIE spectrograph, complemented by Hipparcos and Gaia astrometry. These data enable more robust spectral characterization compared to lower-resolution spectra from the discovery paper and more than double the available astrometric and radial-velocity baseline. HD 33632 Ab’s spectrum is well reproduced by a field L8.5–L9.5 dwarf. Using the Exo-REM atmosphere models, we derive a best-fit temperature, surface gravity, and radius of T
eff = 1250 K, log(g) = 5, and R = 0.97 R
J, respectively, as well as a solar C/O ratio. Adding the SOPHIE radial-velocity data enables far tighter constraints on the companion’s orbital properties (e.g., i =

47.5

−
4.7

+
2.5

o
) and dynamical mass (

52.8

−
2.4

+
2.6

M
J) than derived from imaging data and Gaia eDR3 astrometry data alone. HD 33632 Ab should be a prime target for multiband imaging and spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope and the Roman Space Telescope’s Coronagraphic Instrument, shedding detailed light on HD 33632 Ab’s clouds and chemistry and providing a key reference point for understanding young exoplanet atmospheres.
Modulation of X-Ray Flux by Obscuration of Neutron Star Boundary Layer
Authors: Török G. , Klimovičová K. , Lančová D. , Matuszková M. , Šrámková E. , Urbanec M. , Čemeljić M. , Šprňa R. , Karas V.
Published: February 2025

The quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the X-ray variability of both black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) systems provide a tool for probing strong gravity and dense matter equations of state. Nevertheless, the mechanism of QPO modulation in NS systems, where the amplitudes of QPOs with frequencies approaching the kHz range are very high in comparison to BH high-frequency QPOs, remains an unsolved puzzle. Relativistic ray tracing of photons emitted from the immediate vicinity of compact objects has, to date, been used to investigate various mechanisms that explain the observed weak BH QPOs. However, it has not been applied to model the NS QPO signal, which requires incorporating the NS surface and a bright boundary layer (BL) on it. Here, we explore the QPO modulation mechanisms based on the BL obscuration. Using simplified models of axisymmetric oscillations of thick accretion disks (tori), we demonstrate that the disk oscillations drive the high NS QPO amplitudes through BL obscuration, which is relevant, especially for vertical oscillations. We also demonstrate that obscuration effects enable the observability of the Keplerian frequency in the case of disks that decay due to instabilities.
Radial Dependence of Ion Fluences in the 2023 July 17 Solar Energetic Particle Event from Parker Solar Probe to STEREO and ACE
Authors: Muro G. D. , Cohen C. M. S. , Xu Z. , Leske R. A. , Christian E. R. , Cummings A. C. , De Nolfo G. , Desai M. I. , Fraschetti F. , Giacalone J. , Labrador A. , McComas D. J. , Mitchell J. G. , Mitchell D. G. , Rankin J. , Schwadron N. A. , Shen M. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Bale S. D. , Romeo O. , Vourlidas A.
Published: February 2025

In the latter moments of 2023 July 17, the solar active region (AR) 13363, near the southwestern face of the Sun, was undergoing considerable evolution, which resulted in a significant solar energetic particle (SEP) event measured by Parker Solar Probe’s Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) and near-Earth spacecraft. Remote observations from GOES and CHASE captured two M5.0+ solar flares that peaked at 23:34 and 00:06 UT from the source region. In tandem, STEREO COR2 first recorded a small, narrow coronal mass ejection (CME) emerging at 22:54 UT and then saw a major halo CME emerge at 23:43 UT with a bright, rapidly expanding core and CME-driven magnetic shock with an estimated speed of ∼1400 km s−1. Parker Solar Probe was positioned at 0.65 au, near-perfectly on the nominal Parker spiral magnetic field line, which connected Earth and the AR for a 537 km s−1 ambient solar wind speed at L1. This fortuitous alignment provided the opportunity to examine how the SEP velocity dispersion, energy spectra, elemental composition, and fluence varied from 0.65 to 1 au along a shared magnetic connection to the Sun. We find a strong radial gradient, which is best characterized for H and He as r
−4.0, and most surprisingly, is stronger for O and Fe, which is better described by r
−5.7.
Le gonocoque : le point en 2018
Authors: Bercot Béatrice , Toupin Cathy
Published: February 2025

Depuis quelques années, la gonococcie est devenue une priorité de santé publique de par la récurrence de cette maladie sexuellement transmissible et l’émergence de souches de gonocoque résistantes aux premières lignes de traitement. En 2012, un plan de contrôle européen recommandait une bithérapie associant la ceftriaxone (500 mg, im ou iv) et l’azithromycine (1-2 g, per os ) pour contenir l’émergence de cette résistance. En 2018, l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a inscrit le gonocoque résistant aux céphalosporines de troisième génération et aux fluoroquinolones sur la liste des bactéries à surveiller prioritairement. La recrudescence de la gonococcie peut être expliquée par une prévalence augmentée chez les patients homosexuels masculins (HSH), un dépistage des sites extra-génitaux infectés et l’utilisation des techniques d’amplification d’acides nucléiques pour le diagnostic de l’infection. Actuellement, les proportions de souches de gonocoque résistantes à la tétracycline ou à la ciprofloxacine isolées en France restent élevées (respectivement 65,4 % et 37,2 % en 2017) et ne permettent pas l’administration de ces antibiotiques en première intention. Les souches de sensibilité diminuée aux céphalosporines de troisième génération, antibiotiques de choix en première intention, sont alarmantes avec l’apparition de bactéries multirésistantes conduisant à une impasse thérapeutique. La proportion de souches résistantes aux céphalosporines de troisième génération reste basse en France, ne dépassant pas 1 % des souches résistantes au céfixime. Cependant, une nouvelle souche résistante à la ceftriaxone a été récemment isolée à Paris et la fréquence de résistance à l’azithromycine augmente avec plus de 5 % des isolats concernés en 2017. Ces constatations imposent une surveillance accrue de la gonococcie et une documentation des cas par isolement des souches par culture, à la fois chez les HSH mais aussi chez les patient(e)s hétérosexuel(le)s à risque d’infections sexuellement transmissibles.
Janez Ludvik Schönleben v luči novih raziskav
Authors: Deželak Trojar Monika , Hozjan Andrej , Kočevar Vanja , Lavrič Ana , Merše Majda , Mihelič Darja , Mlinar Janez , Ogrin Matija , Ručigaj Luka , Albin Širca Alen , Štrukelj Anton , Vidmar Luka , Visočnik Julijana , Weiss Janez
Published: February 2025

This volume (' Johann Ludwig Schönleben in the Light of New Research') provides new insight into the extensive and diverse oeuvre of Johann Ludwig Schönleben. Examining a Baroque scholar like Schönleben—whose sphere of activity brought together what was an unimaginably broad range of scholarly fields from today’s perspective—presented a great challenge. Fourteen experts specializing in various areas thus embarked on a journey through this polymath’s life, joining forces to shed light on everything that could come together in a single great personage during the seventeenth century. The volume starts by presenting Schönleben’s life and work, contextualizing them in the time and place of the dynamic seventeenth century. It continues by highlighting his historiographic endeavors, briefly drawing attention to interesting archival fragments related to him. This is followed by a description of the linguistic features of Schönleben’s adaptation of the lectionary Evangelia inu lystuvi and its examination in terms of the concept of the “church of the Slovenian language”. The main part of the volume sheds light on his hitherto relatively poorly known works from the fields of theology, philosophy, drama, and rhetoric. The volume concludes with a presentation of the art-history aspect of his oeuvre, focusing on the preserved manuscript genealogies of the Auersperg family, the concept of Austrian piety (Pietas Austriaca), and its visualization in Slovenia.
Animals in Focus
Authors: Golež Kaučič Marjetka , Babič Saša , Brooks Pribac Teya , Hribar Sorčan Valentina , Karr Susanne , Kavčič Irena , Kernev Štrajn Jelka , Liponik Vesna , Marjanić Suzana , Moric Anja , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: February 2025

The monograph Animals in Focus brings together researchers from different fields of science and offers a multidisciplinary set of views on the animal who is not on the fringes of our perspectives but has become their centre or focus. The move to the centre can be diverse, though, as the articles are based on philosophy, literary studies, comparative studies, zoofolkloristics, anthropology, art history, critical animal studies, critical animal pedagogies and conservation biology. They all proceed, however, from a common starting point, i.e., thinking of animals in a different way, by rejecting the anthropocentric and speciesist view of animals, and placing their lives in the research and emotive focus. The aim is not to avert our intention from the animal that catches our gaze, whatever the mode of gaze it is; to really see the animal and not deny its existence, suffering and abuse.
The monograph discusses the determination of species, although it is clear that species exist only in the sense of taxonomy and not philosophy because merely physical presentation does not form a sentient being; differences in the corporeal do not mean that human presentation is more valuable than the animal’s but, as the dominant species, the former has been merely given a higher social and political value.
Slovar slovenskih frazemov
Authors: Keber Janez
Published: February 2025

Slovar slovenskih frazemov je nastal med slovarskimi projekti, ki od leta 2001 potekajo v Leksikološki sekciji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU. Z nekaj spremembami in dopolnitvami je izdelan po konceptu, ki je bil objavljen leta 2000 v Jezikoslovnih zapiskih (št. 6, str. 81–116). V obsežnem slovarju je večina najpomembnejših frazemov, ki se uporabljajo v slovenskem knjižnem jeziku, in sicer v vseh njegovih zvrsteh. Sestavljen je iz uvodnega in slovarskega dela. V uvodnem delu je na kratko pojasnjeno, kako je ta slovar nastajal, kako je zasnovan in kaj bomo našli v njem. Med vidiki zelo kompleksne slovarske obravnave frazemov je treba omeniti zlasti ponazarjanje rabe frazemov s citati, podatke o nastanku, izvoru ter navajanje pomensko ustreznih ali sorodnih tujih frazemov.
La Connectivité de Venise, trace invisible de la Méditerranée dans Les villes invisibles de Calvino
Authors: Wu Yao
Published: February 2025

Cet article aborde la connectivité invisible et universelle de la Méditerranée dans Les villes invisibles d’Italo Calvino. Chaque ville porte quelque chose de Venise, faisant de Venise, ville méditerranéenne, un archétype de la ville. Au centre des imaginations, Venise connecte les fantasmes. Les imaginations sur les canaux d’eau, l’histoire de conquête de la Méditerranée se grave dans la mémoire commune et la mer interprète la connectivité sous différents aspects.
Modelling the Impact of Education, Research, and Digitalization on Economic Growth
Authors: Raina Devishi , Gupta Meenakshi
Published: February 2025

The present study has tried to investigate the impact of Investment in education, Research and Development, amid Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Tertiary Education Enrolment, Unemployment, Corruption Control and Proportion of internet users on Economic Growth of selected developing nations. The data was sourced from World Data Bank, Our World in data and UNDP for the period from 2000 to 2021. The short run and the long run impact of these variables on economic growth of the selected economies was estimated using Panel ARDL. All the preliminary tests including unit root test, cross sectional dependence, cointegration test, etc. were performed before using Panel ARDL. The results indicated that, in developing countries, government expenditure on education, gross capital formation, tertiary studies, internet facilities and effective corruption control have become one of the key drivers of long-term growth and increasing productivity, as all these variables have positive and significant relationship with economic growth.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning on Recruitment Process in MNCs of India
Authors: Sinha Bhagawan Chandra , Kumari Archana , Sharma Neeti , Laddhu Sushil , Gupta Shweta , Shukla Bhardwaj , Sharma Upasana , Hinneh Peter Jacob , Eswaran B.
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is the simulation of human intelligence by machines, especially computer systems., uses data and algorithms to create models that can perform specific tasks. In talent acquisition, artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming the conventional hiring process by automating monotonous tasks, analyzing extensive datasets, and offering insights that enhance the effectiveness of hiring decisions. AI-driven tools such as automated resume screening, candidate matching algorithms, and chatbots optimize recruitment processes, minimize manual intervention, improve talent identification and onboarding efficiency. The study utilizes a thematic analysis methodology, employing primary and secondary data gathered from select Indian multinational corporations (MNCs) to measure the impact of AI and ML tools on the talent acquisition process. This research will assist recruiters and HR managers by elucidating the areas of AI implementation and management to capitalize on cost-reducing technological innovations.
Sustainability in Human Capital Management
Authors: Chawla Mamta , Sharma Preeti , Gautam Supriya , Popescu Cristina Raluca Gh.
Published: February 2025

The sustainable human capital development practices such as prioritizing the employee well-being, ensuring fair labour standards, healthy work environment and continuous leaning and development activities are important for employees' efficiency and better performance. Moreover, sustainable human capital management approaches contribute to broader corporate social responsibility goals, aligning business operations with environmental and social standards. This all-inclusive approach not only develops organizational resilience but also drives innovation, productivity, and mental wellbeing, positive societal impact, creating a sustainable future for all stakeholders. The introduction of technology for enhancing sustainable human capital management is playing pivotal role by streamlining different human resource management practices and data driven decision making. In this background this chapter presents a comprehensive view of how technology supports sustainable human capital management across various domains. HR analytics is long being appreciated.
The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM)
Authors: Saranya T. S. , Babhuti Kashyap , Jyoti Dahiya , Kaur Harvinder , Kapoor Tanvi
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the way Human Resource Management (HRM) works by making processes more efficient, improving decision-making, and enhancing employee experiences. As companies use more Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, HR professionals are adapting to incorporate these tools in a way that still focuses on people. The changing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM) presents big chances for companies to boost productivity, enhance employee satisfaction, and guide strategic decision-making. Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps HR professionals by automating everyday tasks and offering data-based insights, so they can concentrate on the personal side of their jobs and create a more engaged and productive workforce. Nevertheless, as Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies progress, it is important for HR teams to stay alert about ethical concerns, guaranteeing that Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are utilized responsibly and with transparency. Embracing this change will empower companies to adjust.
Managing Human Capital in Renewable Energy Amid Geopolitical Uncertainty
Authors: Miglani Mehul , Bhatnagar Mukul , Rajaram Rajendra
Published: February 2025

The Indian renewable energy industry is growing at an exponential rate due to the advancement in technology and shifting demand in the global market Hence the role of human capital management in maintaining the organizational financial performance especially in face of the geopolitical volatilities cannot be over emphasized. This study investigates the impact of human capital management on financial outcomes within renewable energy firms, focusing on variables such as human capital investment, geopolitical stability, renewable energy policy support, cost of human resources, talent availability, and the adoption of technology and automation in HR. For this, a convenient sample of HR Directors, Project Managers, and Operations Managers working in Rajasthan and Delhi were selected to collect data. In this study, therefore, a multiple regression model has been applied to analyze the relationship between these variables and how they influence financial performance.
Organizational Behavior Research in the Context of Online Information Systems
Authors: Parivara Swetha Appaji
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the intersection of organizational behavior and online information systems within the framework of green management. As organizations increasingly rely on digital platforms for operations and stakeholder engagement, understanding their influence on behavior and sustainability becomes vital. The chapter provides a detailed analysis of how online systems can drive environmentally sustainable practices by shaping behaviours, decision-making, and culture. It reviews current research and case studies to highlight strategies for leveraging digital tools to reduce environmental impact, improve collaboration, and promote eco-friendly work habits. Challenges in integrating green management with online systems are addressed, offering practical insights into overcoming barriers. The chapter bridges digital transformation and sustainability, showcasing how online platforms can enhance green management approaches within organizations.
A comparative analysis of Rotterdam score and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting outcomes for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Aghadoost Hamidreza , Salehabadi Ghazaleh , Fakharian Esmaeil , Mohammadabad Hanieh Jafari
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the role of NLR in predicting outcomes for patients with moderate to severe TBI. A retrospective analysis was conducted from April 2020 to April 2022, including patients aged 16 and older with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 8 or below admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan. Data on NLR and other clinical markers were collected. Rotterdam scores were calculated using CT scan findings. Patients were followed up for six months post-trauma or until death, and associations between NLR and clinical outcomes were analyzed, with significance set at P < 0.05. Among 195 patients, 130 (66%) had unfavorable outcomes at six months. Admission NLR was significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes compared to those with favorable outcomes (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that NLR had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 91% at a threshold of 5.2 for predicting unfavorable outcomes. Elevated admission NLR in patients with severe TBI was linked to unfavorable six-month functional outcomes and mortality. NLR may serve as a readily accessible clinical marker for prognostication in moderate to severe TBI.
Acute kidney failure due to varicella-zoster virus solved by early antiviral treatment based on brivudin
Authors: Paolozzi Fulvia , Di Micco Pierpaolo , Giliberti Antonella , Latte Gianluca , Feola Maria Teresa , Paduano Immacolata Gaia , Schiano Concetta , Latte Maurizio
Published: February 2025

A relation between acute kidney failure (AKF) and recent infection is well known in the medical community. Recent viral infections are rarer than bacterial infections in adults and patients. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old woman who had a prolonged fever not responding to empiric antibiotic treatment and associated AKF characterized by oliguria, increased inflammatory markers, proteinuria, and swollen lower limbs. Tubulopathy with acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed, and serial blood tests were performed together with an empiric treatment based on steroids and systemic antiviral drugs (i.e., brivudin). An increased level of immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-varicella-zoster virus was detected. Symptoms improved with combined steroidal and antiviral treatment since clinical resolution. AKI associated with tubulopathy is rarely associated with viral infection in adults or elderly patients. Yet when clinical pictures do not offer a clear diagnosis in the early phase, acute viral infection with the identification of viral DNA/RNA or serological IgM should also be taken into account.
200: Emilio Cornalia e Antonio Stoppani
Authors: Bardelli Giorgio , Chiozzi Giorgio
Published: February 2025

Con i contributi di: Anna Alessandrello, Mami Azuma, Giorgio Bardelli, Giorgio Chiozzi, Cristiano Dal Sasso, Monica Leonardi, Enrico Muzio, Michela Podestà, Stefano Scali, Giorgio Teruzzi, Michele Zilioli
The carbon footprint of citrus exports via the Port of Durban: A container barge system analysis
Authors: Burgstahler Micah , Goedhals-Gerber Leila L. , Human Ben
Published: February 2025

Background: The Port of Durban in South Africa has faced significant road congestion for many years. To address this, the fresh-produce industry proposed a cross-harbour container-handling barge system. The citrus industry requested this study to evaluate the potential carbon footprint impact of such a system on citrus exports transported in reefer containers around the port.Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether a barge system could reduce the carbon footprint of citrus exports and alleviate road congestion to improve the export supply chain’s efficiency.Method: Using an exploratory case study with primary and secondary data, the research applied a deductive approach to theory development. Carbon emissions were calculated for three scenarios: the current system, the proposed barge system and a combined system.Results: The carbon emissions for the three scenarios are as follows: current system: 25.20 kg CO2e per reefer; proposed system: 17.43 kg CO2e per reefer; and combined system: 20.61 kg CO2e per reefer. However, the proposed system does not have sufficient capacity to handle all the reefer containers in a given citrus season.Conclusion: The combined system is the logical choice. The combined system shows a CO2e emissions saving of approximately 18% per reefer compared to the current system.Contribution: This study explores the carbon reduction and congestion alleviation benefits of a cross-harbour barge system at the Port of Durban. Unlike existing literature on inland waterway barge systems, it provides a port-specific analysis and is among the first to quantify CO2e emissions for citrus exports using a barge system.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Anthropometric Parameters in Predicting Hamstring Graft Length for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery
Authors: Gupta Govindkumar , Chakraborty Ratnajeet , Shukla Gauravkumar
Published: February 2025

Context:

With the increasing number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries following sports injuries, situations may arise where hamstring graft is found to be inadequate. The authors hypothesized that the harvested hamstring graft length may be predicted preoperatively from both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anthropometric parameters in ACLR surgery.

Aims:

The study aimed at assessing the relationship between anthropometric and MRI parameters and hamstring graft length.

Settings and Design:

The study is a prospective, observational, and comparative study.

Subject and Methods:

A total of 52 patients recruited for ACLR were prospectively evaluated. Anthropometric parameters and Tegner activity score before the injury were recorded. Eight linear MRI measurements were obtained by two observers at an interval of 0 and 30 days. Semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (G) tendons were harvested and a semitendinosus gracilis (STG) was prepared by a standard technique, and the lengths calculated.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the MRI measurements was measured. Pearson’s (r) and Spearman’s (rho) correlation coefficients were calculated, and linear regression analysis was performed to establish a relationship between the preoperative parameters and hamstring graft length.

Results:

The mean graft length for ST was 29.44 ± 1.89 cm and G was 24.44 ± 3.34 cm. The final STG graft length was 8.98 ± 0.19 cm. Transepicondylar distance (TD) had the highest intra- and inter-observer reliability among the MRI measurements. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that height, weight, thigh length (TL), leg length, and TD were predictive of ST (R
2 range: 0.240–0.380) and G graft (R
2 range: 0.104–0.299) lengths. TL, body mass index, TD, and lateral femoral condyle anteroposterior dimension (LFAP) were predictive of STG graft length (R
2 range: 0.076–0.215). On multiple regression analysis, height and TD were significant predictors of ST (R
2: 0.449) and G lengths (R
2: 0.288).

Conclusions:

Our study concludes that anthropometric parameters may be supplemented with MRI measurements for accurate hamstring graft size predictions.
CD47 plays dual role in colorectal carcinoma, independently on CD 68: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: El Dein Mohamed Asmaa S. , El Hosary Enas M. , Gadallah Marwa S. A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages can affect tumor cell proliferation, stromal formation and dissolution, vascularization, and both pro- and anti-neoplastic inflammation. Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) plays a critical role in promoting phagocytosis; however, its function in tumor immunity remains unknown. CD47, a cell-surface receptor expressed by macrophages, provides a potent ‘don’t eat me‘ signal that allows tumor cells to evade immune destruction.

Purpose

Investigate immunohistochemical expression of CD68 and CD47 in CRCs and its correlation with clinicopathological features.

Results

CD68 and epithelial expression of CD47 were significantly in favor of CRC (P value = 0.001, <0.001, respectively) compared with adenoma specimens. Also, high epithelial CD47 was associated with the absence of gross perforation and a higher number of investigated lymph. However, low stromal CD47 was significantly correlated with less tumor metastasis and less tumor recurrence. Moreover, epithelial, and stromal CD47 expression were significantly correlated in CRC. (P=0.033) in CRC.

Conclusion

Both CD68 and CD47 play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis being expressed more in CRC compared with adenoma cases. However, CD47 carries good prognostic impact when expressed by tumor cells in contrary to its stromal expression suggesting dual opposing role of CD47 in CRC according to its localization. So, future target therapy against CD68 or CD47 should be cautiously administered.
Utility of SOX10 and estrogen receptor immunohistochemical expression in endometrial carcinoma of Egyptian patients
Authors: Kora Mona A. , Moselhy Alyaa A. , Abdallah Rania A.
Published: February 2025

Background

A critical need for new therapeutic targets and more precise markers of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is required, particularly for metastatic and recurrent cases. The purpose of this work is to examine the utility of SOX10 expression in EC. In addition, we looked at estrogen receptor (ER) expression in EC and examined its correlation with clinicopathologic variables.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study included 108 EC hysterectomy specimens from Egyptian patients. Immunohistochemical staining for SOX10 and ER was performed using the streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase technique. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters together with overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival.

Results

Surprisingly, SOX10 expression appeared negative in all studied EC patients. Positive ER expression was noticed in 67 (62%) cases that was closely linked to negative nodal metastasis, M0 stage, early-stage group, absence of recurrence, type I EC, and low-grade tumors. A complete response to therapy was significantly correlated with increased ER total percentage and H-score of expression. Endometrial cancer patients with early-stage diseases (T1, N0, and M0), no recurrence, type I EC, less than or equal to 50% myometrial invasion, absence of necrosis, adjacent hyperplastic endometrium, complete response to therapy, and positive ER expression exhibited better OS rates. In addition, longer recurrence-free survival was associated with cases exhibiting strong ER-dominant intensity.

Conclusion

ER expression in EC was correlated with a number of favorable prognostic parameters, better OS, and a complete response to therapy. These findings are therapeutically important because ER loss may help to distinguish high-risk patients for accurate personalized treatment. Moreover, the fact that SOX10 was negatively expressed in all studied cases indicated that it had no impact either on initiation or progression of EC.
Prevalence of Allergies in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Khanna Alok , Kharkongor Nancy P. , Verma Anjali , Bhalla Kapil , Gill Paramjeet S. , Verma Surender , Prakash Gulshan
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common chronic kidney disease in children characterized by the leakage of protein through a pathologically altered glomerular filtration membrane. There is not much literature on a clear association between Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (INS) and atopic disorder and the relationship between IgE and IL-13 in children with INS in relapse and remission. Thus, the present case-control study was conducted using the validated assessment tool i.e., the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire to determine the prevalence of allergies along with the estimation of IgE and IL-13 levels to determine their role in the pathogenesis and outcome of patients with NS.

Methods:

The present study was a hospital-based, case-control study, which was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak to determine the prevalence of allergies in children with Idiopathic NS. Fifty children with NS (Group I) were taken as cases and 50 age and gender-matched children (Group II) were taken as controls. Allergies were assessed by using the ISAAC Questionnaire, and IgE and IL -13 were determined by the ELISA technique.

Results:

Baseline demographics were comparable in both groups. The incidence of asthma was higher in Group I as compared to Group II and statistically significant. The mean serum IgE and IL -13 levels in Group I were higher as compared to Group II, and the difference was statistically significant, P value being <0.001. There was a moderate positive correlation between Serum IL-13 and Serum IgE (IU/ml). The incidence of rhinitis and eczema was also higher in Group I as compared to Group II; however, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Allergic conditions were frequently found in children with INS. Increased IgE and IL-13 may reflect the activation of an immune mechanism following various stimuli, which is ultimately a reflection of immune dysregulation, and it may have a role in the pathogenesis of INS.
Development and Evaluation of Effectiveness of a Universal Behavior Change Communication (UBCC) Model
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Gupta Avantika , Patel Geeta , Kosambiya JK
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Universal Behavior Change Communication (UBCC) is a comprehensive communication model, with participant-centric messages, applicable to varied social and clinical pathologies.

Objective:

To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the UBCC model.

Methodology:

A multiphase mixed-method study from June 2022 to July 2023. Phase I and III were conducted in urban field practice areas, where two Galis each were selected using simple random sampling. Phase II was conducted in urban and rural using systematic random sampling for household selection. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. Basic communication framework was developed in Phase I using comprehension and retention analysis on “Anemia Mukt Bharat.” Model content and implementation processes were finalized in Phase II, targeting parental coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy. Effectiveness was evaluated in Phase III by extrapolating the model to other health issues, where reliability and validity were assessed. Binary logistic regression and Chi-square tests were applied for analysis.

Results:

In Phase I, participants had higher odds of retaining subdomains of perceived susceptibility (aOR = 5.7, P < 0.001), perceived severity (aOR = 1.8, P = 0.02), perceived benefits (aOR = 7.5, P < 0.001) and convenience (aOR = 3.8, P = 0.003). The Ebbinghaus retention curve showed higher residual knowledge in the group where repetition was done. The addition of regional statistics in Phase II had higher vaccine acceptance (P = 0.001). The choice of implementer (P = 0.377) and place of implementation (P = 0.099) showed no significant difference. Phase III demonstrated positive behavior change in “cloth washing practices” (P = 0.003) and “footwear practice” (P = 0.001). The model had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α =0.893), substantial test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.69-0.78), and satisfactory content validity index (0.94).

Conclusion:

There is a need to apply resource-saving UBCC model with high validity and reliability, across various levels of health care system.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Keerthana Koppolu , Subhaprada Savolu Cynthia
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common neoplasm among women. Cancer and treatment side effects have adverse effects and this affects patient’s well-being during and after treatment, resulting in lower quality of life (QoL). The paucity of data about QoL of Indian cervical cancer survivors led to the present study with the objective of assessing quality of life among cervical cancer patients.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 cervical cancer patients attending Gynecology Out Patient Department (OPD) and Radiotherapy OPD, in Government General Hospital, Kurnool, during April–May 2023. Sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula, taking prevalence of cervical cancer as 9.4% and absolute error of precision as 5%. Institutional ethical committee clearance and informed consent of study participants were obtained. For evaluation of QoL, a validated questionnaire for women with cervical cancer (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Cervix Cancer [FACT-Cx]) was used. The total score of FACT-Cx questionnaire ranges from 0 to 168, with higher score indicating better QoL. Data on socio-demographic profile, stage and grade of cancer and treatment modalities were collected and subjected to quantitative analysis using SPSS Version 21.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 50.28 years, and 69.9% of them were illiterate. 45.6% belonged to middle-class socio-economic status according to BG Prasad’s classification. The overall mean score was 83.42 ± 14.4 standard deviation. Physical well-being was 14.59 ± 4.3, social/family well-being was 14.70 ± 3.68, emotional well-being was 11.79 ± 2.9, functional well-being was 12.20 ± 3.29, and mean score for additional concerns was 30.14 ± 5.37. PWB was affected by educational status (β = 0.212, P = 0.016) and staging of tumour (β = -0.326, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study showed that majority of cervical cancer patients receiving treatment had stable QoL as depicted by social, family and functional well-being. Women with cervical cancer may require counselling, and reasonable efforts should be taken to alleviate their suffering.
A Rare Case of Buspirone-induced Dystonia
Authors: Sahajwani Priyanka , Caprara Ana Leticia Fornari , Rissardo Jamir Pitton
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Buspirone is an anxiolytic agent. The most common side effect reported with the use of buspirone is dizziness. Movement disorders associated with buspirone were rarely described. A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. She was started on buspirone, and the dose was progressively increased. Despite therapy, for 14 days, the patient did not report any improvement in symptoms, and the general practitioner increased the dosage to 10 mg three times a day. On day 28th of buspirone therapy, she reported progressive neck stiffness within one day of onset. On examination, right lateralization of the neck was seen. Laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and electroencephalogram were unremarkable. She was started on intravenous diphenhydramine. Within 2 hours, the symptoms improved. The subject retook the buspirone and developed the same symptoms. She was started on intravenous diphenhydramine, and symptomatic improvement was seen. Due to repeated instances of adverse drug events occurring, buspirone was discontinued. There are seven reports of dystonia secondary to buspirone in the literature. But, the present case of buspirone-induced dystonia is the first reported in a previously healthy patient. Clinicians should monitor motor symptoms when increased doses of buspirone are needed. In buspirone-induced dystonia, buspirone withdrawal and anticholinergic medications should be attempted.
Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Kolkata During Family Visits Under Family Adoption Programme: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Chakrabarti Soma , Mishra Ankita , Bysack Ratul Kumar , Chakrabarti Sreetama , Naskar Somnath , Basu Mausumi
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Family Adoption Programme (FAP) has been introduced in the curriculum for medical students to help them learn empathy while understanding the customs and limitations of the community. Though this would help in attaining universal health coverage, most of its aspects are still unknown. Through this study, challenges faced by the students could be identified and addressed.

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify and explore the challenges faced by undergraduate students of a medical college in Kolkata during family visit under FAP.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study, cross-sectional in design, using a mixed-methods approach (convergent parallel) was conducted for 2 months (from February 6, 2023, to April 8, 2023) at a medical college in Kolkata. On obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and after obtaining informed written consent from the participants, data were collected from the undergraduate medical students using a predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted on purposively selected faculties supervising the visit. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, while the qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

Results:

The study included 170 students and five faculties. The majority (91.8%) of the students faced challenges during the visit. The most commonly encountered challenge was transport related. Other problems faced were lack of supervision during the examination of the family members, difficulty in communicating, and locating allotted family and safety issues. The faculty members identified challenges related to transportation, burden of community expectations, insufficient clinical exposure, communication, and locating allotted families. On juxtaposition of quantitative and qualitative data, transportation issues, difficulty in locating families, and communication barrier were confirmed.

Conclusion:

Almost all the students faced challenges during the family visits. Challenges, such as transportation issues, finding the family, and language barrier, were confirmed.
Cfr Gene-based Detection of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sangita Km. , Pandey Anita , Gupta Geeta , Gupta Ankita
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Linezolid is an important antimicrobial agent which is active against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cause life-threatening infection, with narrow therapeutic options including linezolid and vancomycin. The presence of cfr (chloramphenicol–florfenicol resistance) and optrA (oxazolidinone phenicol resistance) gene plays a crucial role in linezolid resistance.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 199 clinical isolates were confirmed as S. aureus using GP ID p628 card, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing using GPAST cards in the Vitek 2 compact system (Biomerieux, France) to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linezolid. An MIC value of ≥8 μg/ml was taken as resistant for linezolid. Furthermore, the presence of cfr and optrA gene was looked for in the clinical isolates of linezolid resistant S. aureus (LRSA).

Results:

LRSA was isolated in 2.5% of clinical samples. All LRSA were also MRSA, and all of them were recovered from indoor samples. The LRSA were 100% susceptible to vancomycin. cfr gene could be detected in 40% of the isolates. However, all our isolates of LRSA were negative for optrA gene.

Conclusions:

Emergence of linezolid resistance in clinical isolates of S. aureus is a matter of therapeutic concern which alerts toward judicious use of linezolid in clinical practice. The presence of cfr gene is the most common mechanism of resistance to linezolid.