bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A luta de Trombas e Formoso: uma ruptura narrativa no contexto da ditadura militar
Authors: Dourado Maiara
Published: June 2017

O movimento político de Trombas e Formoso configura a resistência armada de camponeses do norte do Estado de Goiás, em meados da década de 1950, que rebelaram-se contra o processo de expropriação de terra liderada por um grupo de grileiros e fortalecidos pelo suporte do governo do Estado. A luta reconhecida como Revolta de Trombas e Formoso apresenta-se como um dos mais importantes conflitos camponeses do país, por seu protagonismo e organização política e social, tendo em vista a conquista do título das terras mediante o embate com grileiros e o próprio Estado.Em decorrência do golpe militar ocorrido no Brasil, em 1964, o movimento foi desmantelado, vários líderes e participantes da luta perseguidos e mortos e suas terras abandonadas mediante o processo de repressão e abafamento, próprio de um regime ditatorial. Dito isso, pretendo apresentar, neste trabalho, os reflexos e consequências do golpe militar, sob a produção de narrativas e memórias sobre a luta dos camponeses de Trombas e Formoso.
Os Tapayuna na História
Authors: Lima Daniela Batista
Published: June 2017

Este artigo tem como finalidade situar historicamente os Tapayuna,  autodenominados Kajkhwakratxi-jê (literalmente “começo do céu”, leste), também conhecidos como Beiço de Pau ou Suyá ocidentais. Pertencem à família linguística Jê e habitavam a margem esquerda do rio Arinos, no complexo Tapajós-Juruena-Arinos. Descrevo, no presente artigo, como o processo de ocupação do rio Arinos pelos não índios culminou nas tentativas de contato e “pacificação” dos Tapayuna, os quais foram transferidos, em 1971, para o Parque Indígena do Xingu – uma decisão tomada à revelia dos índios que resultou na extinção da “Reserva Indígena Tapayuna”, aberta oficialmente a colonização. Neste período os Tapayuna sofreram uma drástica redução populacional, consequência do processo de etnocídio e genocídio ao qual foram submetidos.
Taxonomia étnico-racial no Pacífico Colombo-equatoriano: metamorfoses da mestiçagem
Authors: De Melo Paula Balduino
Published: June 2017

O artigo problematiza o lugar da mestiçagem no sistema de classificação étnico-racial do Pacífico colombo-equatoriano. Tais reflexões foram-me suscitadas no encontro etnográfico com mulheres negras/afrodescendentes habitantes e/ou oriundas das ribeiras de rios no Pacífico Colombo-equatoriano. Por ora apresento uma abordagem bibliográfica, em um passeio pela história de ambos os países, remontando ao período colonial, à formação dos Estados-nação na era republicana, chegando à multi e interculturalidade, quando analiso a produção antropológica sobre a temática. Como pano de fundo, há uma reflexão sobre a “raça” e a “etnia” como categorias acionadas para demarcar diferenças entre grupos sociais. Por fim, abordo a afrodescendência como identidade política.
Conexão de Saberes: a experiência interdisciplinar do Programa de Educação Tutorial Comunidades do Campo da UFPR
Authors: TIEPOLO LILIANI MARILIA , Denardin Valdir Frigo , Oliveira Pedro Sarkis Simões de , Onofre Erica Vicente , Cardoso Emanuel Rodrigues , Dias Elisama , Spring Valkiria , Costa Carlos Claudio , Borges Andressa Luz , Silva Valner Wasilewski da , Cruz Cleonice Schull da , Antiquera Matheus Santana , Lima Gabriel Rodrigues
Published: June 2017

A partir das conexões de saberes instituídas como um novo eixo dentro dos Programas de Educação Tutorial, surge o grupo PET Comunidades do Campo em 2010, na expansão da Universidade Federal do Paraná, criada em 2005 no litoral do estado. As atividades do grupo se dão em torno de temas relacionados ao modo de vida do campo, agroecologia, agricultura familiar, território e desenvolvimento rural, onde a característica predominante é a interdisciplinaridade, tendo em vista que faz parte de uma política pública que tem por objetivo agregar diversos conhecimentos e saberes ao tema. O PET Comunidades do Campo da UFPR é composto por 14 integrantes. Os estudantes são distribuídos entre os cursos de Tecnologia em Agroecologia, Gestão Ambiental, Gestão e Empreendedorismo, Gestão Pública, Saúde Coletiva e Licenciatura em Educação Física. Aqui traçamos um panorama das representações que estes estudantes têm sobre interdisciplinaridade a partir de algumas questões abertas a eles direcionadas. O resultado evidencia, que o conhecimento interdisciplinar faz parte de suas reflexões e práticas tanto na vida acadêmica quanto em suas relações cotidianas. Destacamos também que o ambiente universitário local favorece, em alguns espaços e para alguns cursos, a troca de saberes e o compartilhamento de informações e conhecimentos, mas o PET Comunidades do Campo proporciona o efetivo exercício da interdisciplinaridade, ampliando os horizontes de possibilidades das profissões escolhidas.
Iniciativas para a Disseminação da Ciência da Computação na Educação Básica no Município de Palotina - Paraná
Authors: Monte-Alto Helio Henrique Lopes Costa , Schreiner Marcos Antonio , Dörr Jéfer Benedett , Lisbôa Eliana Santana , Soares Josiane Patrícia Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: June 2017

O ensino de Ciência da Computação, em especial a programação de computadores na Educação Básica, tem sido defendido por muitos pesquisadores e educadores, uma vez que é um conhecimento muito importante nos dias atuais. Além disso, a Ciência da Computação pode ajudar o estudante a desenvolver o raciocínio lógico e o pensamento computacional, tal como a habilidade de abstração e de resolução de problemas. No mundo todo iniciativas têm surgido com o objetivo de introduzir esse conhecimento desde os primeiros até os últimos anos da Educação Básica. Este trabalho apresenta duas frentes de ação extensionista iniciadas em Palotina - Paraná: oficinas e clubes de programação extracurriculares para alunos do Ensino Fundamental e Médio e oficinas e cursos de programação para professores que se interessem por utilizá-la em sala de aula. Assim, busca-se somar a essa disseminação e introdução da Ciência da Computação nas escolas, visando estimular o interesse pela área e exercitar habilidades de raciocínio lógico e matemático e o pensamento computacional dos alunos de escolas públicas e particulares da região.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE ABORDAGEM AO CUIDADOR FAMILIAR: PROMOVENDO O CUIDADO DE SI
Authors: Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Machado Cristiana Rodrigues Silveira , Osielski Taciana Py de Oliveira , Oliveira Aline Daiane Leal de , Fripp Julieta Carriconde , Arrieira Isabel Cristina de Oliveira , Lindôso Zayanna Christine Lopes
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: relatar sobre as estratégias de abordagem ao cuidador familiar proporcionadas pelo projeto de extensão Um olhar sobre o cuidador familiar: Quem cuida merece ser cuidado. Métodos: Os encontros são sistematizados, totalizando quatro, sendo realizados semanalmente, cada um com foco. São utilizados diversos instrumentos para coleta de dados, avaliação da situação de saúde e sobrecarga possibilitando o planejamento de intervenções junto ao cuidador. Resultados: A escuta terapêutica, o genograma e ecomapa, a identificação das fases do processo de cuidar, permitiram identificar que os cuidadores apresentam sintomas de estresse e sobrecarga, privações pessoais e sociais em detrimento da dedicação ao processo de cuidar no domicílio, ficando sem tempo para cuidar de si. Conclusões: A Enfermagem e a Terapia Ocupacional na prática interdisciplinar desenvolvem ações educativas, possibilitando um espaço para o cuidador refletir sobre si e suas práticas, ajudando na elaboração de suas preocupações e emoções, uma vez que ao falar, eles percebiam suas formas de enfrentamento.
Teoria Ator-rede e análise do turismo: um novo paradigma?
Authors: Araujo Gustavo Aveiro de , Lobo Carlos
Published: June 2017

Este artigo teve como objetivos apresentar a Teoria Ator-rede (ANT), evidenciar sua aproximação com as pesquisas em Turismo e refletir sobre o possível surgimento de um novo paradigma dos estudos turísticos. A perspectiva analítica que a  ANT oferece demonstrou-se viável para a interpretação e análise do turismo devido à sua capacidade em lidar com a multidisciplinaridade e interdisciplinaridade do fenômeno turístico, por meio da ênfase no materialismo relacional intrínseco ao conceito de “tradução”. Inicialmente ensaiou-se as principais características da Teoria Ator-rede, apresentando suas origens e alguns de seus conceitos-chave, tradução, rede e ator. À continuação, discutiu-se os desdobramentos epistemológicos e ontológicos dos estudos em turismo realizados a partir desta visão. Com intuito de direcionar o leitor para uma possível utilização da ANT nas pesquisas em turismo, fez-se uma explanação de alguns estudos que abordaram o turismo à luz da ANT, e das implicações metodológicas implícitas nesse tipo de análise espacial. A pesquisa teve como base uma extensa revisão de literatura sobre o tema Turismo e Teoria Ator-rede, realizada no período entre março de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017. As buscas de artigos e teses foram realizadas predominantemente junto às bases de dados disponíveis para assinantes do Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e em bancos de dados, teses de Universidades e órgãos de fomento à pesquisa, disponíveis na Internet.
The Effect of Sport Tourism Management on Support for Tourism Development
Authors: Masa’deh Ra’ed , Nasseef Mohammed Abdullah , Alshayeb Hamzeh , Ojilat Jawad , Alshafiee Malek
Published: June 2017

This study aims to examine the impact of sport tourism (by using the variables of social impacts, environmental impacts, and economic impacts) on support for tourism development. A total of 480 questionnaire containing 19 items was used to collect information from the local residents in Aqaba city. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results of the current study revealed that there are significant impacts of two independent variables (i.e. environmental impacts, and economic impacts) on support for tourism development; whereas the vriable of social impacts has not significant impact on it. Results of T-test showed that there is no significant difference in the impact of resident attitudes towards sustainable tourism development in favor of gender. On the other hand, results of ANOVA test found that while there is no significant difference in the impact of resident attitudes towards sustainable tourism development that can be attributed to age and educational level; a significant difference in favor of personal income was found.
Assessing the Glass Ceiling Effect for Women in Tourism and Hospitality
Authors: Bazazo Ibrahim , Nasseef Mohammed Abdullah , Mukattesh Batool , Kastero Duha , Al-Hallaq Mohammad
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research is to explore the degree to which women face various barriers that prevent them as a worker in the tourism sector, in the city of Aqaba located in Jordan, from obtaining upper-level positions. These include internal business structural barriers, societal barriers, governmental barriers, situational barriers, and personal barriers. A total of 200 questionnaire containing 27 items was used to collect information from women who are working in the industries of tourism and hospitality. Results of the current study revealed that all the above barriers are applied to moderate and low levels in which the range of the mean score are 2.16-3.35 out of 4. This study shall provide important feedback to decision-makers to enhance and empower the women further in the tourism and hospitality disciplines specifically in Aqaba city.
The Arab City - Reality, Fiction, and Affect on Culture and Civilization
Authors: Diallo Mamadou Salif , Alfauzan Abdullah H.
Published: June 2017

The increasing urbanization of the Arab world, especially the emergence of huge and ultra-modern cities such as Riyadh, Dubai, and Doha in the Arab Gulf, has renewed discussions and even debates on the nature of the Arabian civilization. Some people maintain that urban places such as the above-mentioned are only copies of Western cities within Arabia, and that there is no such thing as an Arab city, socioculturally speaking. This debate has also taken place informally in the office of the English Department at Qassim University, in a spare time that a number of faculty and staff (including the authors of this article) happened to have. We decided to take it further and look into the question more deeply. Therefore, we covered some relevant literature, including Islam’s important perspective on the issue. We eventually came up with the conclusion that the Arab city does exist and has existed long before the Industrial Revolution. Accounts of real and fictional cities in the Arab world, predating the industrial era, prove the validity of this assertion. Without advocating seclusion or withdrawal into themselves, we think that Arabs should stop thinking they owe the concepts of city, urbanization and therefore civilization to the West. There is certainly a lot that can be learned from each other on both sides, but importing everything wholesale from the West can only result in increasing social problems.
Indigenous Peoples’ Struggle for Secure Land Tenure in the Philippines: Case Study of Higaonon Tribe in Opol, Mindanao
Authors: Drbohlav Petr , Hejkrlik Jiri
Published: June 2017

Indigenous peoples worldwide struggle for control over land and natural resources against encroachment of state interests, external development and commercial pressures such as agribusiness, dams, logging and mining. Their battle to protect land and natural resources is at the same time the struggle to preserve indigenous culture and traditions often inextricably linked to the land itself. The Philippine Indigenous Peoples Rights Act recognizes the indigenous peoples’ rights to their ancestral lands and domains and offers a way of improving their land tenure security. The article employs case study design to illustrate the implementation gap between the rights of indigenous peoples in law and practice and the role different stakeholders play in securing indigenous peoples’ land tenure and dealing with palm oil agribusiness and mining industries’ interests in ancestral domains on the case of Higaonon tribe in Misamis Oriental province, Mindanao. The methodology for data collection was focus group discussions and key informant interviews with representatives of tribal leaders and members, non-government organizations and government bodies. Our results indicate that conflicting laws and mandates of various government bodies and lack of coordination between them, as well as lack of resources and political will to implement the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act are important factors behind slow issuance of ancestral domain titles. At the same time, we show that significant factor in the land tenure insecurity of indigenous peoples is disunity within the tribe and conflicting interests of its members and clans used by companies to further enhance their business interests. r, regarding weaving and finishing the rim, it should be done neatly without visible welded joints, and also 5) the product quality: each part is assembled fixing by leather, inside of the product is attached by cloth as well as filled with leftover fabric. Besides, the sewing should be considerably emphasized the strength to carry weight. In addition, the overall assessment of handcraft vetiver seat cushion model is at a high level.
The Impact of Sectarian Conflict in Syria on Iran-Gulf Relations
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Saleem A. Salih , Kamal Mohammad , Elsayed Dalal Mahmoud
Published: June 2017

Iran-Gulf relations are a confusing maze of complexities and contradictions. Iran’s voracious aspirations have been manifest in more than one act and place. The 1979 Revolution created a pervasive atmosphere of anxiety and fear in the Gulf region of that revolution’s ideological expansion into the Gulf states, especially those countries in which Shiites form important parts of their societies. In the Iran-Iraq war 1980, on the other hand, the Arab Gulf states supported Iraq against Iran as it was a proxy war to protect the Arab Gulf states, and Saddam Hussein, nevertheless, ended up occupying Kuwait in 1990. And then the Iranian-Gulf relations took a new turn at the time of both presidents Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami, who adopted an open approach to the Gulf countries. However, those relations worsened when Ahmadinejad came to power as he started to export the revolutionary thought to the Gulf countries and extended the Iranian influence to Iraq after 2003, to Syria in the aftermath of the revolution that erupted in Syria in 2011 and to the Gulf Cooperation Council states, especially in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. All this comes at the expense of the Gulf states, particularly Saudi Arabia, which is keen to maintain its influential role in the face of Iranian encroachment in Syria, through the support of the Syrian revolution, which seeks to overthrow Iran's ally in Damascus, Bashar al-Assad. Therefore, this study is trying to find an answer to this question: how has sectarian conflict in Syria impacted the Iranian-Gulf relations?
The Regional Inequity of CO2 Emissions per Capita in China
Authors: Liu Ting , Pan Wenqing
Published: June 2017

This paper combines Theil index method with factor decomposition technique to analyze China eight regions’ inequality of CO2 emissions per capita, and discuss energy structure, energy intensity, industrial structure, and per capita output’s impacts on inequality. This research shows that: (1) The trend of China regional carbon inequality is in the opposite direction to the per capita CO2 emission level. Namely, as the per capita CO2 emission levels rise, regional carbon inequality decreases, and vice versa. (2) Per capita output factor reduces regional carbon inequality, whereas energy structure factor and energy intensity factor increase the inequality. (3) More developed areas can reduce the carbon inequality by improving the energy structure, whereas the divergence of energy intensity in less developed areas has increased to expand the carbon inequity. Thus, when designing CO2 emission reduction targets, policy makers should consider regional differences in economic development level and energy efficiency, and refer to the main influencing factors. At the same time, upgrading industrial structure and upgrading energy technologies should be combined to meet the targets of economic growth and CO2 emission reduction.
Analysis of Thermal Energy Distribution from Low Yield Nuclear Explosions
Authors: Abdil-Hasan Jinan
Published: June 2017

This study is dedicated for the determination of the distribution of thermal energy resulted from different types of a 50-70 KT yield nuclear explosion; surface, aerial, in different locations away from the explosion center and considering the differences in the transmittance factor and visibility conditions that may affect the distribution of thermal energy. The results showed that the majority of released thermal energy occurs during a very short period of time after explosion, and reaches its maximum of 22 KT after about 3.1 sec. Also, it was determined the absence of significant effect for the visibility degree on the value of the total thermal exposure for both types of explosions, and that the thermal exposure due to the surface explosion is about 60% of its value in case of the aerial explosion.
An Analysis of the Socio-Demographic Differences in Ecuadorian Economically Active Population between Genders
Authors: Guevara-Segarra Gabriela , Ortiz-Santacruz Saul , Stefos Efstathios
Published: June 2017

Gender equity and development are common issues worldwide. International Organizations through their specialized programs and the states through their public policies have made high efforts to accomplish these goals raised internationally and locally. However, it is necessary to know the perception of the population about the achievement of these goals, and to influence the economic agents who are responsible of decision making. The present qualitative research work determines the social-demographic profile of the Ecuadorian economically active population and identifies the main characteristics by gender: racial group, activity and inactivity conditions, education, employment, poverty, and job satisfaction. The obtained results show the differences in variables related to activity and inactivity conditions, use of technology, education, and employment. The results pretend to be a useful source of information in the creation of public policies focused on poverty reduction and gender equity.
SUGAR AND SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN TURKEY AND POLAND IN THE YEARS 1995-2014
Authors: Artyszak Arkadiusz , Michalska-Klimaczak Beata , Olcer Emre
Published: June 2017

The work summarizes changes, which involved the sugar and sugar beet production in Turkey and in Poland, in the years 1995-2014. Sugar beet area in Turkey has decreased by 7% and in Poland by 48%. Harvest has increased by 51% in Turkey and has remained unchanged in Poland. Sugar beet yield has increased: in Turkey by 63% and in Poland by 97%. 71% farmers have stopped cropping sugar beet, while in Poland this share has been 87%. Mean plantation size has increased in Turkey by over a factor of 2 (compared to 1997), while in Poland it has been by a factor of almost 4. Sugar production in Turkey has dropped by 13% (compared to 1997) and in Poland it has grown by 29%. Three new sugar plants started operation in Turkey in the years 1995-2014. In Poland 58 facilities shut down. Turkey’s securing position of major sugar producer is to be expected, under the conditions of increased pace of production concentration and implementing new production technologies. Withdrawal of sugar production quotas in the EU resulted in increased sugar beet spring sowing in several member states, including Poland. Further developments in 2018 and in the following years shall depend on the profitability of sugar beet crops and of sugar production. Significant influence is also to be expected from the isoglucose competition, production of which is to enjoy quotas withdrawal, as well.
VI i VII Zjazd Deputowanych Ludowych Rosji (1992 r.) – frakcje i bloki partyjne
Authors: Dmochowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2017

The paper presents the VII and VIII Congress of People’s Deputies of the Russian Federation (1992) its fractions and party blocks and changes in the short period of the 1992.
Polska transformacja ustrojowa i fenomen „Solidarności” a sytuacja międzynarodowa w latach 80. XX w.
Authors: Mielewczyk Margaretta
Published: June 2017

The article is about the Polish political transformation and the phenomenon of „Solidarity” in the face of international situation of eighties. About the uniqueness of the Polish transformation decides their peaceful nature. The events in Poland initiated the collapse of communism, which divided Europe into two parts. The authoress presented the genesis and the determinants of Polish transformation with particular emphasis on the influence of NSZZ “Solidarity” and on the specification of Polish society. It is essential that this social movement was the phenomenon on a global scale, because of the number of people belonging to “Solidarity”. It was above 25% of the whole society, which equaled about 10 million people. Moreover, this movement was supported by the student opposition group – NZS as well as by intellectuals. Also the international determinants of Polish system transformation were shown, including the pressure of West and the programme of Gorbaczow’s reforms, who decided to depart from Breżniew’s doctrine. What is more, also the influence of pope Jan Paweł II was depicted. Due to the change of regime in Poland and later in the other countries of eastern bloc it has been possible to integrate within the western continent. In addition, based on the archival documents the reaction of Western Europe on the events in PRL was presented. The authoress also used the results of the survey, which was conducted among the high school graduates and students. The survey concerned with the Polish system transformation. The results of that survey confirmed a strong Poland influence on the situation of the eastern bloc during the eighties.
Miscommunicating Important Information: How to Avoid Tragic Results
Authors: Goetz Melanie K.
Published: June 2017

Establishing a culture of company‐wide open communication, ensuring that employees with critical knowledge are heard, can prevent difficult situations and even tragedies.
Cross‐cultural assessment of HIV‐associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children: a systematic review
Authors: van Wyhe Kaylee S , van de Water Tanya , Boivin Michael J , Cotton Mark F , Thomas Kevin GF
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV‐associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect such impairment can help clinicians formulate effective treatment plans. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), although developed and standardized in the United States, is used frequently in many different countries and cultural contexts to assess paediatric performance across various cognitive domains. This systematic review investigated the cross‐cultural utility of the original KABC, and its 2nd edition (KABC‐II), in detecting HIV‐associated cognitive impairment in children and adolescents.

Methods: We entered relevant keywords and MeSH terms into the PubMed, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Scopus databases, with search limits set from 1983–2017. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved abstracts and manuscripts. Studies eligible for inclusion in the review were those that (a) used the KABC/KABC‐II to assess cognitive function in children/adolescents aged 2–18 years, (b) featured a definition of cognitive impairment (e.g. >2 SD below the mean) or compared the performance of HIV‐infected and uninfected control groups, and (c) used a sample excluded from population on which the instruments were normed.

Results and discussion: We identified nine studies (eight conducted in African countries, and one in the United Kingdom) to comprise the review's sample. All studies detected cognitive impairment in HIV‐infected children, including those who were cART‐naïve or who were cART treated and clinically stable. KABC/KABC‐II subtests assessing simultaneous processing appeared most sensitive. Evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies by two independent reviews suggested that shortcomings included reporting and selection biases.

Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence for the cross‐cultural utility of the KABC/KABC‐II, particularly the simultaneous processing subtests, in detecting cognitive impairment in HIV‐infected children (including those who are clinically stable). Although the current results suggest there is justification for using the KABC/KABC‐II primarily in East Africa, further investigation is required to explore the instrument's utility in other HIV‐prevalent regions of the globe.
"Red Growth, Yellow Growth, White Growth...": Chromatic Beliefs in Udmurt Folk Medicine and Healing Charms
Authors: Panina Tatiana
Published: June 2017

Traditional culture is one of the key factors influencing our colour perception. The present article aims to analyse the colour concepts and symbolism of Udmurt folk medicine, in particular, healing rituals and charms. Consideration is given not only to the most widespread hues and their specific meanings within magic folk poetry, but also to the combination of colours, which fulfils an important role in emphasizing the efficacy of verbal means of magic. Additionally, the study demonstrates the folk classification of medical conditions based on colour characteristics. It is concluded that colour semantics entirely depends on the pragmatic objectives of healing rituals and charms.
Juno observations of large‐scale compressions of Jupiter's dawnside magnetopause
Authors: Gershman Daniel J. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Connerney John E. P. , Hospodarsky George , Kurth William S. , Ebert Robert W. , Szalay Jamey R. , Wilson Robert J. , Allegrini Frederic , Valek Phil , McComas David J. , Bagenal Fran , Levin Steve , Bolton Scott J.
Published: June 2017

We investigate the structure of Jupiter's dawnside magnetopause using observations obtained by particle and fields instrumentation on the Juno spacecraft. Characterization of Jupiter's magnetopause is critical for the understanding of mass and energy transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. We find an extended magnetopause boundary layer (MPBL) during a magnetopause crossing on 14 July 2016. This thick MPBL, in combination with a large magnetic field component normal to the magnetopause boundary, suggests that strong magnetospheric compression enhances mass transport across the magnetopause via magnetic reconnection. We further identify ~2 h increases in the total magnetospheric pressure adjacent to the magnetopause on 14 July 2016 and 1 August 2016. These large‐scale structures provide evidence of focused energy transport into the magnetosphere via magnetohydrodynamic structures.
Dual E × B flow responses in the dayside ionosphere to a sudden IMF By rotation
Authors: Eriksson S. , Maimaiti M. , Baker J. B. H. , Trattner K. J. , Knipp D. J. , Wilder F. D.
Published: June 2017

We report for the first time a dual transition state in the dayside ionosphere following a sudden rotation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the upstream magnetosheath from IMF By < 0 to By > 0 during Bz < 0. E × B drifts respond with different time delays in the dayside auroral zone and high‐latitude polar cap with an initial 11 min transition state of oppositely directed E × B drifts coexisting at these locations. This is followed by a 6–8 min rotation of lower latitude E × B flow from dusk to dawn. We propose that this sequence of events is consistent with two separate X lines coexisting on the subsolar and lobe magnetopause. Time delays are proposed for merged flux of the draped preceding IMF to exit the subsolar region before the new IMF may be processed along a newly reconfigured component reconnection X line. Finally, a strong direct correlation is observed between magnetosheath plasma density and auroral zone E × B speeds.
Attribution of surface temperature anomalies induced by land use and land cover changes
Authors: Rigden Angela J. , Li Dan
Published: June 2017

Land use/land cover changes (LULCC) directly impact the surface temperature by modifying the radiative, physiological, and aerodynamic properties controlling the surface energy and water balances. In this study, we propose a new method to attribute changes in the surface temperature induced by LULCC to changes in radiative and turbulent heat fluxes, with the partition of turbulent fluxes controlled by aerodynamic and surface resistances. We demonstrate that previous attribution studies have overestimated the contribution of aerodynamic resistance by assuming independence between the aerodynamic resistance and the Bowen ratio. Our results further demonstrate that acceptable agreement between modeled and observed temperature anomalies does not guarantee correct attribution by the model. When performing an attribution analysis, the covariance among attributing variables needs to be taken into consideration in order to accurately interpret the results.
The zone of influence of the subducting slab in the asthenospheric mantle
Authors: MacDougall Julia G. , Jadamec Margarete A. , Fischer Karen M.
Published: June 2017

Due to the multidisciplinary nature of combined geodynamics and shear wave splitting studies, there is still much to be understood in terms of isolating the contributions from mantle dynamics to the shear wave splitting signal, even in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) mantle flow framework. This paper investigates the viscous flow, lattice preferred orientation (LPO) development, and predicted shear wave splitting for a suite of buoyancy‐driven subduction models using a non‐linear rheology to shed light on the nature of the slab‐driven asthenospheric flow and plate‐mantle coupling. The slab‐driven zone of influence in the mantle, LPO fabric, and resulting synthetic splitting are sensitive to slab strength and slab initial slab dip. The non‐linear viscosity formulations leads to dynamic reductions in asthenospheric viscosity extending over 600 km into the mantle wedge and over 300 km behind the trench, with peak flow velocities occurring in models with a weaker slab and moderate slab dip. The olivine LPO fabric in the asthenosphere generally increases in alignment strength with increased proximity to the slab but can be transient and spatially variable on small length scales. The results suggest that LPO formed during initial subduction may persist into the steady state subduction regime. Vertical flow fields in the asthenosphere can produce shear wave splitting variations with back azimuth that deviate from the predictions of uniform trench‐normal anisotropy, a result that bears on the interpretation of complexity in shear wave splitting observed in real subduction zones. Furthermore, the models demonstrate the corner flow paradigm should not be equated with a 2‐D subduction framework.
Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (
AUM
) Theory
Authors: Neuliep James W.
Published: June 2017

This entry profiles anxiety/uncertainty management theory (AUM). The central thrust of AUM is to explain the interrelationships among uncertainty, anxiety, mindfulness, and communication effectiveness and their influence on intercultural communication. A central concept of AUM is
the stranger
. According to AUM, the general processes underlying communication between people from different cultures or ethnicities are the same processes underlying communication between people from the same culture who are strangers. This entry summarizes the fundamental assumptions of the theory and reviews past and current research trends.
Communication Modes,
G
erman
Authors: Hinner Michael B.
Published: June 2017

German verbal communication is very low‐context. It is direct and to the point. Because German has a formal and an informal second person pronoun, it is possible to express politeness or social distance by using the formal “you.” When translated literally into English, this tends to make German sentences or questions sound impolite. Work and private lives are strictly separated. German nonverbal communication is characterized by direct eye contact, few gestures accompanying verbal messages, restrained emotional displays in public, territoriality that is extended to objects, and monochronism.
Adrenal maturation, nutritional status, and mucosal immunity in Bolivian youth
Authors: Hodges‐Simeon Carolyn R. , Prall Sean P. , Blackwell Aaron D. , Gurven Michael , Gaulin Steven J.C.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Humans—and several other apes—exhibit a unique pattern of post‐natal adrenal maturation; however, the causes and consequences of variation in adrenal development are not well understood. In this study, we examine developmental and age‐related maturation of the adrenal gland (measured via dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate [DHEA‐S]) for potential life‐history associations with growth and mucosal immunity in a rural population of immune‐challenged Bolivian juveniles and adolescents.

METHODS

Salivary DHEA‐S, anthropometrics, and salivary mucosal immunity (secretory IgA [sIgA]) were measured in 171 males and females, aged 8‐23.

RESULTS

Males with greater energy (i.e. fat) stores showed higher DHEA‐S levels. Controlling for age and energetic condition (to control for phenotypic correlation), higher DHEA‐S was associated with higher mucosal immunity (sIgA) among both males and females. Higher DHEA‐S levels were positively associated with growth (i.e. height and strength) in males.

CONCLUSIONS

In accordance with predictions derived from life‐history theory, males with higher energy stores secrete more adrenal androgens. This suggests that adrenal maturation is costly and subject to constraints; that is, only males with sufficient reserves will invest in accelerated adrenal maturation. Further, DHEA‐S appears to have a measureable influence on immunocompetence in adolescent males and females; therefore, deficits in DHEA‐S may have important consequences for health and maturation during this period. Adrenal maturation is an important, but understudied component of human growth and development.
Similar reliability and equivalent performance of female and male mice in the open field and water‐maze place navigation task
Authors: Fritz Ann‐Kristina , Amrein Irmgard , Wolfer David P.
Published: June 2017

Although most nervous system diseases affect women and men differentially, most behavioral studies using mouse models do not include subjects of both sexes. Many researchers worry that data of female mice may be unreliable due to the estrous cycle. Here, we retrospectively evaluated sex effects on coefficient of variation (CV) in 5,311 mice which had performed the same place navigation protocol in the water‐maze and in 4,554 mice tested in the same open field arena. Confidence intervals for Cohen's d as measure of effect size were computed and tested for equivalence with 0.2 as equivalence margin. Despite the large sample size, only few behavioral parameters showed a significant sex effect on CV. Confidence intervals of effect size indicated that CV was either equivalent or showed a small sex difference at most, accounting for less than 2% of total group to group variation of CV. While female mice were potentially slightly more variable in water‐maze acquisition and in the open field, males tended to perform less reliably in the water‐maze probe trial. In addition to evaluating variability, we also directly compared mean performance of female and male mice and found them to be equivalent in both water‐maze place navigation and open field exploration. Our data confirm and extend other large scale studies in demonstrating that including female mice in experiments does not cause a relevant increase of data variability. Our results make a strong case for including mice of both sexes whenever open field or water‐maze are used in preclinical research.
Implicit opinion analysis: Extraction and polarity labelling
Authors: Huang Hen‐Hsen , Wang Jun‐Jie , Chen Hsin‐Hsi
Published: June 2017

Opinion words are crucial information for sentiment analysis. In some text, however, opinion words are absent or highly ambiguous. The resulting implicit opinions are more difficult to extract and label than explicit ones. In this paper, cutting‐edge machine‐learning approaches – deep neural network and word‐embedding – are adopted for implicit opinion mining at the snippet and clause levels. Hotel reviews written in Chinese are collected and annotated as the experimental data set. Results show the convolutional neural network models not only outperform traditional support vector machine models, but also capture hidden knowledge within the raw text. The strength of word‐embedding is also analyzed.
Protein phosphatases potentially associated with regulation of microtubules, their spatial structure reconstruction and analysis
Authors: Samofalova Dariya O. , Karpov Pavel A. , Raevsky Alexey V. , Blume Yaroslav B.
Published: June 2017

According to the sequence and profile comparison with known catalytic domains, where identified protein phosphatases potentially involved in regulation of microtubule dynamics and structure fromArabidopsis thaliana,Nicotiana tabacum,Medicago sativa,Oryza sativasubsp. japonica,Zea mays, andTriticum aestivum. Selected proteins were related to classical non‐receptor, serine/threonine‐specific and dual protein phosphatases. By application of template structures of human protein phosphatases, it was performed homology modelling of the catalytic domains of 17 plant protein phosphatases. Based on the results of the structural alignment, molecular dynamics, and conservatism in positions of functionally importance, it was confirmed homology of selected plant proteins and known protein phosphatases regulating structure and dynamics of microtubules.
Preparation and Evaluation of Potent Pentafluorosulfanyl‐Substituted Anti‐Tuberculosis Compounds
Authors: Moraski Garrett C. , Bristol Ryan , Seeger Natalie , Boshoff Helena I. , Tsang Patricia Siu‐Yee , Miller Marvin J.
Published: June 2017

The global fight to stop tuberculosis (TB) remains a great challenge, particularly with the increase in drug‐resistant strains and a lack of funding to support the development of new treatments. To bolster a precarious drug pipeline, we prepared a focused panel of eight pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) compounds which were screened for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv in three different assay conditions and media. All eight compounds had sub‐micromolar potency, and four displayed MICs <100 nm. Seven compounds were evaluated against non‐replicating and mono‐drug‐resistant Mtb, and for their ability to inhibit Mtb within the macrophage. The greatest potency was observed against intracellular Mtb (MIC <10 nm for three compounds), which is often the most challenging to target. In general, the SF5‐bearing compounds were very similar to their CF3 counterparts, with the major differences observed being their in vitro ADME properties. Two SF5‐bearing compounds were found to have greater protein binding than their corresponding CF3 counterparts, but were also less metabolized in human microsomes, resulting in longer half‐lives.
Fault detection method for magnetic resonance imaging spectrometer based on the acquisition and analysis of its output waveforms
Authors: Xiao Liang , Ouyang Shanmei , Li Yuwei , Wang Hongjie
Published: June 2017

In the development of a magnetic resonance imaging spectrometer, the equipment fault detection methods are mainly reliant on visual inspection of reconstructed images or k‐space data, combined with observation of the output waveforms via an oscilloscope. However, when using the above methods, it may be quite difficult to determine minor design flaws that would produce image ghost or other problems. This article presents a fault detection method that is based on acquisition and analysis of the output waveforms from the spectrometer. While a sequence is running, the spectrometer outputs, including the digital gate and the gradients, are sampled using a data acquisition card. The acquired data is then processed using a high‐performance graphic processing unit to allow the feature points, which are the endpoints of the waveform segments in this design, to be extracted. The processing operation is composed of data filtering, differencing, and clustering. Finally, the extracted feature points are compared with the predefined feature points of the sequence to determine any design errors. This method has been used to solve image ghost problems in our home‐built spectrometer.
Follow this advice for an effective guided pathways program
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2017

NEW ORLEANS — Guided pathways have led to increased completion numbers for community colleges that have implemented them. The pathways provide students with a clear map to completion. But just providing a list of courses for students to take is not enough. Effective guided pathways require “long‐term, large‐scale institutional change,” said Kay McClenney, senior advisor to the president and chief executive officer at the American Association of Community Colleges.
Prepare for a successful start to a new presidency
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2017

In her first few months as president of Atlantic Cape Community College, Barbara Gaba hasn't experienced any big surprises. That's because she was well‐prepared for the position. “I've been in training for many years,” said Gaba, formerly the provost of the Elizabeth Campus and associate vice president for academic affairs at Union County College and a charter member of Dean & Provost's Advisory Board.
Breeding density, fine‐scale tracking, and large‐scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species
Authors: Wakefield Ewan D. , Owen Ellie , Baer Julia , Carroll Matthew J. , Daunt Francis , Dodd Stephen G. , Green Jonathan A. , Guilford Tim , Mavor Roddy A. , Miller Peter I. , Newell Mark A. , Newton Stephen F. , Robertson Gail S. , Shoji Akiko , Soanes Louise M. , Votier Stephen C. , Wanless Sarah , Bolton Mark
Published: June 2017

Population‐level estimates of species’ distributions can reveal fundamental ecological processes and facilitate conservation. However, these may be difficult to obtain for mobile species, especially colonial central‐place foragers (CCPFs; e.g., bats, corvids, social insects), because it is often impractical to determine the provenance of individuals observed beyond breeding sites. Moreover, someCCPFs, especially in the marine realm (e.g., pinnipeds, turtles, and seabirds) are difficult to observe because they range tens to ten thousands of kilometers from their colonies. It is hypothesized that the distribution ofCCPFs depends largely on habitat availability and intraspecific competition. Modeling these effects may therefore allow distributions to be estimated from samples of individual spatial usage. Such data can be obtained for an increasing number of species using tracking technology. However, techniques for estimating population‐level distributions using the telemetry data are poorly developed. This is of concern because many marineCCPFs, such as seabirds, are threatened by anthropogenic activities. Here, we aim to estimate the distribution at sea of four seabird species, foraging from approximately 5,500 breeding sites in Britain and Ireland. To do so, weGPS‐tracked a sample of 230 European ShagsPhalacrocorax aristotelis, 464 Black‐legged KittiwakesRissa tridactyla, 178 Common MurresUria aalge, and 281 RazorbillsAlca tordafrom 13, 20, 12, and 14 colonies, respectively. Using Poisson point process habitat use models, we show that distribution at sea is dependent on (1) density‐dependent competition among sympatric conspecifics (all species) and parapatric conspecifics (Kittiwakes and Murres); (2) habitat accessibility and coastal geometry, such that birds travel further from colonies with limited access to the sea; and (3) regional habitat availability. Using these models, we predict space use by birds from unobserved colonies and thereby map the distribution at sea of each species at both the colony and regional level. Space use by all four species’ British breeding populations is concentrated in the coastal waters of Scotland, highlighting the need for robust conservation measures in this area. The techniques we present are applicable to anyCCPF.
Ionic Diode Characteristics at a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM) | Nafion “Heterojunction” Deposit on a Microhole Poly(ethylene‐terephthalate) Substrate
Authors: Putra Budi Riza , Aaronson Barak D.B. , Madrid Elena , Mathwig Klaus , Carta Mariolino , Malpass‐Evans Richard , McKeown Neil B. , Marken Frank
Published: June 2017

Ionic diode phenomena occur at asymmetric ionomer | aqueous electrolyte microhole interfaces. Depending on the applied potential, either an “open” or a “closed” diode state is observed switching between a high ion flow rate and a low ion flow rate. Physically, the “open” state is associated mainly with conductivity towards the microhole within the ionomer layer and the “closed” state is dominated by restricted diffusion‐migration access to the microhole interface opposite to the ionomer. In this report we explore a “heterojunction” based on an asymmetric polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) | Nafion ionomer microhole interface. Improved diode characteristics and current rectification are observed in aqueous NaCl. The effects of creating the PIM | Nafion micro‐interface are investigated and suggested to lead to novel sensor architectures.
Movie‐Making Apps and Media Literacy
Authors: Waters Stewart
Published: June 2017

This forum highlights and evaluates apps, computer programs, and websites that teachers, students, and other interested parties can use to explore, research, and engage in content learning and literacy practices.