bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
India’s Growth Trajectory and Its Dynamics with International Monetary Fund Reforms
Authors: Turay Abdul M. , Rahman Mohd Nayyer ,   School of Business, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, Kentucky, USA,   Postdoctoral Fellow-ICSSR, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, India
Published: March 2018

Since the Breton Woods and the emergence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1947, developed countries
had an upper hand in the dynamics of international financial management. The IMF has claimed to add insights about the developing and under-developed countries development. All over the world, the growth trajectory of the developing nations has been affected by the policies and procedures of the IMF. India got independence in the year 1947 and became an IMF signatory in the year 1945. Since then, India has been involved in the economic management on the parameters of the IMF. The growth story of India is a mixed response yet a success story until now. The recent phase of opening up the economy that started in 1991 has had a great impact on the growth trajectory of Indian economy. The present study aims to study the growth pattern of India and the economic reforms pushed by the IMF. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Current Account are considered as two variables for the study. Moreover, identification of structural breaks for Indian economy is performed with the use of econometric techniques.
Determination Of Bitterness Index (K225) And Total Fenol Content Of Olive Oils Obtained With Different Regions, Varieties And Processing Systems
Authors: SEVİM Didar , KÖSEOĞLU Oya , ULAŞ Mehmet , ÖZDEMİR Durmuş
Published: March 2018

In this work the effect of different
growing areas on olive (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Beylik, Edincik Su, Girit,
Kilis Yağlık, Sarı Ulak, Tavşan Yüreği, Topak Aşı) oil bitterness index (K225)
were studied at the South Marmara, South and North Aegean, West and East
Mediterranean  Regions at two, two and a
half (2.5), and three phase extraction system, during 2014/2015 crop season. A
total of 41 virgin olive oils samples were collected from these Regions. Total
phenol content and bitternes index (K225) were analyzed in the
research. A Solid-Phase Extraction procedure were carried out for extraction of
the bitter compounds. The results of total phenol content and K225 values
showed that the Beylik olive oil was determined with the highest total phenol
conent and bitterness index (K225) with 330.26 mg CAE kg-1 oil  and 1.21 at 2.5 phase
extraction system from Manavgat
at the West Mediterranean Region, respectively. After the Beylik  variety, the highest total phenol content was
determined Ayvalık and Edincik Su olive oil with 291.03 and 270.62 mg CAE kg-1 oil, respectively. The
Memecik and Ayvalık olive oil bitterness index (K225) was determined 0.86 and 0.85 at two phase extraction
system from Muğla and Burhaniye at the South
and North Aegean, respectively.
Mısırda Sap ve Koçan Çürüklüğü Etmeni Stenocarpella maydis (Berkeley) Sutton’ in TaqMan ® Probe Yöntemi ile Tanısı
Authors: Sağlam Asuman , Tosun Necip
Published: March 2018

Mısırda fide
yanıklığı ve koçan çürüklüğüne sebep olan fungal etmen Stenocarpella maydis Afrika, Amerika, Asya ve İtalya, Fransa,
Portekiz gibi birçok Avrupa ülkesinde yayılım halinde olup ülkemizde henüz
varlığı bilinmemektedir (OEPP/EPPO, 2006) Diplodia sap ve koçan çürüklüğü
olarak da bilinen hastalığa sebep olan fungal etmenin 2013 yılı mısır hastalıkları
çalışma grubu toplantı raporunda ABD, Ontaria ve Kanada’da 200670.094-304816.595
ton (7.9 ve 12.0 milyon buşel) mısır kaybına yol açtığı bildirilmiştir (Grabow,
2017). Sağlıklı tohum kullanımının hastalıkla
mücadelede en önemli strateji olduğu etmen için tek zorluk tohumdan güvenilir
ve hızlı tanıyı sağlayacak bir metodun varlığıdır (Barrocas et. al, 2012). Bu
yıkıcı hastalığın tanısında hızlı, güvenilir ve doğru sonuca ulaşmamızı
sağlayan PCR (polimeraz zincir reaksiyon) temelli yöntemler etmenin ekim öncesi
tespitini sağlamakta fungisit ile mücadelesi mümkün olmayan etmenin yerleşim ve
yayılımını önlemektedir. Stenocarpella maydis’in PCR temelli tanısı dünyada yaygın uygulamaya sahip olup
yöntem ülkemizde henüz uygulamada değildir. Bu amaçla yürütülen bu çalışma ile
Bitki Karantinası Yönetmeliği EK2/A listesinde yeralan ülkemizde varlığı
bilinmeyen fungal patojen Stenocarpella maydis (Berkeley)
Sutton’e ait izolatın TaqMan ® probe yöntemi ile tanısına dair metot validasyonu
gerçekleştirilmiş olup hazırlanan protokol ile çeşitli özel ve resmi araştırma
kuruluşlarının çalışmalarına katkı sağlanması, böylece etmenin ülkemize giriş,
yerleşim ve yayılımının önlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.
İzmir İli Beydağ İlçesindeki Üreticilerin Kestane Kanseri ile Mücadele Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Anket Çalışması
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Görkem , ÇELİKER N. Mükerrem , UYSAL Ayşe , KAPLAN Cevdet , KÜÇÜK Erol , ÇETİNEL Barbaros , TURANLI Tevfik , PORAZ Dilek , ÖZKAN Mecal , KESKİNKAYA Arzu
Published: March 2018

Kestane (Castanea sativa), meyvesi ve kerestesi yönüyle ekonomik olarak

önemli bir ağaçtır. Bu değerli ağacın en önemli sorunu kestane kanseri (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.)Barr.)’dir.

Türkiye’de bu hastalığa karşı, inokulum kaynağını ve hastalığın yayılmasını en

aza indirecek olan kültürel önlemler ve karantina uygulamaları önerilmektedir. Kestane

üretimi Beydağ ilçesi köylerinin en önemli gelir kaynağıdır. Ancak başta

kestane kanseri olmak üzere, diğer hastalık ve zararlılar ciddi ürün

kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle üreticiler bu etmenler ve mücadeleleri

konusunda Beydağ İlçesinde bir çalışma yapılmasını talep etmişlerdir. Bu amaçla 2012-2014 yıllarında

yürütülen projede, üreticilerin kestane

kanseri ile mücadele konusunda eğitim öncesi sahip oldukları mevcut bilgi

düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, teorik ve uygulamalı eğitimlerden sonra edindikleri

bilgilerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla anket

çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, eğitim öncesi 6 köyde toplam 137 kestane üreticisi ile

eğitim sonrası ise 3 köyde 43 kestane üreticisi ile anket çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kestane kanseri ile

mücadele konusunda üreticilerde bir farkındalık yaratıldığı düşünülmüştür. 
Panaxynol, a Bioactive Component of American Ginseng, Targets Macrophages and Suppresses Colitis in Mice
Authors: Chaparala Anusha , Poudyal Deepak , Witalison Erin E. , Tashkandi Hossam , Chumanevich Alexander A. , Hofseth Jenna L. , Pittman Douglas L. , Wyatt Michael D. , Windust Anthony , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash , Hofseth Lorne J.
Published: March 2018

Ulcerative colitis has a significant impact on the quality of life for the patients, and can substantially increase the risk of colon cancer in patients suffering long-term. Conventional treatments provide only modest relief paired with a high risk of side effects, while complementary and alternative medicines can offer safe and effective options. Over the past decade, we have shown that American ginseng has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can suppress mouse colitis and prevent colitis associated colon cancer. With the goal of isolating a single active compound, we further fractionated the hexane fraction, and found the most abundant molecule in this fraction was the polyacetylene, Panaxynol. After isolating and characterizing Panaxynol, we tested the efficacy of Panaxynol in the treatment and prevention of colitis in mice and studied the mechanism of action. We demonstrate here that Panaxynol effectively treats colitis in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium mouse model by targeting macrophages for DNA damage and apoptosis. Positive outcomes from this study could take American ginseng one-step further towards becoming a conventional drug for the treatment of colitis, and possibility exploring other autoimmune diseases associated with macrophage dysfunction.
Constitutive Activation of STAT3 in Myeloma Cells Cultured in a Three-Dimensional, Reconstructed Bone Marrow Model
Authors: Huang Yung-Hsing , Molavi Ommoleila , Alshareef Abdulraheem , Haque Moinul , Wang Qian , Chu Michael P. , Venner Christopher P. , Sandhu Irwindeep , Peters Anthea C. , Lavasanifar Afsaneh , Lai Raymond
Published: March 2018

Malignant cells cultured in three-dimensional (3D) models have been found to be phenotypically and biochemically different from their counterparts cultured conventionally. Since most of these studies employed solid cancers, how 3D culture affects multiple myeloma (MM) cells is not well understood. Here, we compared MM cells (U266 and RPMI8226) in a 3D culture model with those in conventional culture. While the conventionally cultured cells were present in single cells or small clusters, MM-3D cells grew in large spheroids. We discovered that STAT3 was the pathway that was more activated in 3D in both cell lines. The active form of STAT3 (pSTAT3), being absent in MM cells cultured conventionally, became detectable after 1-2 days in 3D culture. This elevated pSTAT3 level was dependent on the 3D environment, since it disappeared after transferring to conventional culture. STAT3 inhibition using a pharmacological agent, Stattic, significantly decreased the cell viability of MM cells and sensitized them to bortezomib in 3D culture. Using an oligonucleotide array, we found that 3D culture significantly increased the expression of several known STAT3 downstream genes implicated in oncogenesis. Since most primary MM tumors are naturally STAT3-active, studies of MM in the 3D culture can generate results that are more representative of the disease.
Power-Regularized Fuzzy Clustering for Spherical Data
Authors: Kanzawa Yuchi ,   Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a power-regularization-based fuzzy clustering method is proposed for spherical data. Power regularization has not been previously applied to fuzzy clustering for spherical data. The proposed method is transformed to the conventional fuzzy clustering method, entropy-regularized fuzzy clustering for spherical data (eFCS), for a specified fuzzification parameter value. Numerical experiments on two artificial datasets reveal the properties of the proposed method. Furthermore, numerical experiments on four real datasets indicate that this method is more accurate than the conventional fuzzy clustering methods: standard fuzzy clustering for spherical data (sFCS) and eFCS.
A Design of Observers of Control State and Uncertainty via Transformation of T-S Fuzzy Models
Authors: Han Hugang , Sueyama Yuki , Chen Chun-Jun ,   Department of Management and Information Systems, Prefectural University of Hiroshima 1-1-71 Ujina-Higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan,   Mechanical Engineering College, Southwest Jiaotong University No.111, North Section 1, Erhuan Road Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
Published: March 2018

When employing the widely used T-S fuzzy model as a model to represent a system concerned with controller designs, it is necessary to consider the precision of the model from the point of view of control performance. Adding a term called uncertainty in the T-S fuzzy model to compensate for the difference between the concerned system and its T-S fuzzy model, this paper focuses on a design of observers for both the control state and uncertainty. Unlike a state observer in the traditional sense, which is usually designed as a whole, the state is divided into two parts by performing a unique matrix transformation; and two observers from the two divided parts of the state are designed separately in order to eliminate the influence of the uncertainty. Finally, an observer of the aforementioned uncertainty based on one of the state observers is suggested.
A New Hybrid Method for Parameter Optimization of SVR
Authors: Xie Jiang , Sun Taifeng , Zhang Jieyu , Zhang Wu ,   School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University No.99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University No.99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
Published: March 2018

The performance of Support Vector Regression (SVR) depends heavily on its parameters, but some optimization methods based on Grid Search (GS) or evolutionary algorithms still have several issues that must be addressed. This paper proposes a new hybrid method (PSO-SS) that combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Scatter Search (SS) to optimize the parameters of the SVR. In PSO-SS, to improve the search capability of PSO and reduce the likelihood of the PSO becoming trapped in the local optimum, the initial PSO population is generated by the diversification generation method and the improvement method of SS, and the velocity updating formula of PSO is improved by adding diversity information. On the StatLib and UCI datasets, our experiments show that the PSO-SS method is an effective parameter optimization method compared with other methods. In addition, an SVR model with its parameters optimized by PSO-SS (PSO-SS-SVR) is used to predict the grain size of aluminum alloys. The experimental results show that the PSO-SS-SVR method outperforms Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), PSO-SVR and the empirical model.
Oral Health Promotion and Smoking Cessation Program Delivered via Tobacco Quitlines: The Oral Health 4 Life Trial
Authors: McClure Jennifer B. , Bush Terry , Anderson Melissa L. , Blasi Paula , Thompson Ella , Nelson Jennifer , Catz Sheryl L.
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To assess the effects of a novel oral health promotion program (Oral Health 4 Life; OH4L) delivered through state-funded tobacco quitlines.

Methods. Using a semipragmatic design to balance experimental control and generalizability, we randomized US quitline callers (n = 718) to standard care or standard care plus OH4L. We followed participants for 6 months to assess effects on professional dental care and smoking abstinence. We collected data between 2015 and 2017.

Results. Participants were racially diverse (42% non-White) and socioeconomically disadvantaged. Most (71%) reported fair or poor oral health, and all were overdue for routine dental care. At 6 months, professional dental care and abstinence did not significantly differ between arms, but abstinence favored the experimental arm and was significantly higher among experimental participants at 2 months in a complete case sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions. OH4L was not effective for promoting dental care, but integrating oral health counseling with quitline counseling may offer some advantage for smoking cessation.

Public Health Implications. We offer a model for conducting semipragmatic trials and partnering with tobacco quitlines to evaluate population-level public health interventions.
Role of Department of Defense Policies in Identifying Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Deployed US Service Members, 2001–2016
Authors: Agimi Yll , Regasa Lemma Ebssa , Ivins Brian , Malik Saafan , Helmick Katherine , Marion Donald
Published: March 2018

Objectives. To examine the role of Department of Defense policies in identifying theater-sustained traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 48 172 US military service members who sustained their first lifetime TBIs between 2001 and 2016 while deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq. We used multivariable negative binomial models to examine the changes in TBI incidence rates following the introduction of Department of Defense policies.

Results. Two Army policies encouraging TBI reporting were associated with an increase of 251% and 97% in TBIs identified following their implementation, respectively. Among airmen, the introduction of TBI-specific screening questions to the Post-Deployment Health Assessment was associated with a 78% increase in reported TBIs. The 2010 Department of Defense Directive Type Memorandum 09-033 was associated with another increase of 80% in the likelihood of being identified with a TBI among soldiers, a 51% increase among sailors, and a 124% increase among Marines.

Conclusions. Department of Defense and service-specific policies introduced between 2006 and 2013 significantly increased the number of battlefield TBIs identified, successfully improving the longstanding problem of underreporting of TBIs.
Kesesuaian Genotipe Kedelai untuk Tanaman Sela di Bawah Tegakan Pohon Karet
Authors: Sundari Titik , Purwantoro Purwantoro
Published: March 2018

This research was aimed to identify shade-tolerant soybean genotypes that was suitable for planting under rubber tree plantation. The research was conducted at three locations of rubber tree plantation in Central and East Lampung where the rubber tree were at age of 3 to 4 years, during dry season of 2011. The materials consisted of 30 soybean genotypes, where 23 lines were shadetolerant, and seven were as check varieties (Pangrango, Burangrang, Malabar, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Ijen, and Tanggamus). Each genotype was planted in plot of 4 m x 2.2 m, plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm, two plants /hill. The experiment used a randomized block design, repeated four times. Before planting, dolomite of 1.5 t/ha was applied, and 75 kg Urea / ha + 100 SP36 kg/ha + 100 kg KCl /ha was applied at planting time. Observations were done on flowering date, harvesting date, plant height, number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of pods, seed weight per plant and grain yield. The light intensity under the rubber tree canopy was observed every week after the soybean age was 30 days (DAP), at 11:00 to 12:00 pm. The levels of shade made by the rubber tree canopy at three locations were different; at Tulangbalak (East Lampung) and Gunungsari (Central Lampung) ranged between 20% to 40%, at Gunungadi (Central Lampung) between 40% to 60%. Genotypes IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 yielded consistently well in two locations, in East Lampung (1.40 t/ha and 1.43 t/ha), in Central Lampung (1.19 t/ha and 1.18 t/ha). Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 produced the highest average yield out of the three locations, i.e 1.13 t/ha. Genotype IBM22-861-2-22-3-1 and AI26-1114-8-28-1-2 were considered as suitable genotypes for planting under the rubber tree of 3 to 4 years of age.
Deteksi Cepat Viabilitas Benih Padi Menggunakan Gelombang Near Infrared dan Model Jaringan Saraf Tiruan
Authors: Firdaus Jonni , Hasbullah Rokhani , Ahmad Usman , Suhartanto M. Rahmad
Published: March 2018

Viability is an important component of seed quality, which could be detained by germinating the seeds. Currently testing the seed viability of rice takes a long time (5-14 days), so it becomes a limiting factor in the seed production process. An alternative method for rapid seed viability detection is using the Near Infrared (NIR) spectra and using artificial neural network (ANN) as a data processing system. This research was aimed to study the use of NIR spectra and ANN to predict the viability of rice seeds. NIR reflectance (1,000-2,500 nm) of a Ciherang rice seed samples (40 grams), was used as the input data to develop the ANN model. A total of 60 samples were subjected to accelerated aging to obtain various levels of germination. The development of ANN models was done through calibration and validation of NIR spectra to the viability parameters. As ANN input, NIR reflectance of seed sample was given pretreatment data such as normalization, first derivative, second derivative, standard normal variate (SNV) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that longer accelerated aging caused a decrease in seed viability. This was also indicated by the decrease in soluble protein and an increase in free fatty acids. The intensity of the NIR absorbance spectra also showed the same in the absorption region of soluble protein and free fatty acids. The best ANN models to predict the germination was 10PC-5-3 ANN with the SNV NIR reflectance used as the input data. Coefisien correlation of the validation was 0.8947, the value of ratio performance deviation was 2.2359 and the standard error performance was 9.9233%. The use of NIR spectra and ANN was potentially useful to perdict the viability of rice seeds more rapidly.
Stabilitas Hasil Jagung Hibrida Silang Tunggal
Authors: Andayani Nining Nurini , Sunarti Sri , Azrai Muhammad , Praptana R. Heru
Published: March 2018

Genotype x environment interaction is of major concern to the plant breeder in developing new varieties. The present research objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield stability of hybrid maize in eight locations during dry season. A randomize block design with three replications was applied to the experiment in each location. The combined analyses of variance showed that hybrid x location interaction effects were highly significant for all characters, except for number of rows per ear. Hybrid test Hybk-03 showed the highest grain yield in all locations, except in Maros and in Pandu, and did significantly higher than both check varieties in Bajeng, Muneng, Sleman and Bligo. There was no hybrid indicating stable yield in all locations based on AMMI 2 and Biplot analyses, but five hybrids were indicating specific adaptation. The specific hybrids adaptation was as follow: Hybk-02 in Bajeng, Hybk-03 in Bajeng and in Bligo, Hybk-09 in Bajeng and in Sleman, DK 3 and Bima 2 in Bajeng and in Pandu.
Seleksi Jagung Inbrida dengan Marka Molekuler dan Toleransinya terhadap Kekeringan dan Nitrogen Rendah
Authors: Efendi Roy , Musa Yunus , Bdr M. Farid , Rahim M. Danial , Azrai M. , Pabendon Marcia
Published: March 2018

Information on genetic diversity, homozygosity, drought stress and low N tolerance of maize inbred line are useful for parental selection in developing maize varieties tolerant to drought and low N. The objectives of this study were (a) selection for homozygoes lines and analysis of genetic diversity among 51 maize inbred lines applying simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using thirty six markers (b) selection for inbred lines (homozygosity over 80%) for drought and low nitrogen (N) tolerance. Experiment was conducted using split-split plots design with three replications. Water treatments were as the main plots (well-watered and drought stress conditions), subplots were nitrogen fertilization at rate of 75 and 150 kg N/ha and the sub-sub plots were 51 inbred lines. The results showed that there were broad ranges of genetic variability among inbred lines with genetic similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.22 to 0.87 and polymorphism information content average was 0.57. Thirty inbreds having homozygosity over 80% were spread into six heterotic groups. Drought tolerance inbreds were in heterotic groups C and F, namely DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B and 1044-30, the drought medium tolerance in heterotic group A and B, namely CML 161/NEI 9008 and MR 14. Inbred for low-N fertility tolerance was in the heterotic group D namely G20133077, while medium tolerance to low-N fertility inbreds were in heterotic group A, B, C, D, and F, and they were CML 161/NEI 9008, CY 11, CY 15, CY 6, CLRCY039, Nei9008, DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2-B, G2013627, G2013649, 1044-30. Inbreds tolerance to both medium drought and to low-N fertility were in heterotic group C and F they were DTPYC9-F46-1-2-1-2-B and 1044-30. Inbred lines of maize tolerant to drought and to low-N fertility can be used as parent to develop hybrid or synthetic varieties, posessing stress tolerances, by cross recombination between heterotic groups.
Skrining Salinitas Padi Mutan Insersi Pembawa Activation-Tagging pada Fase Perkecambahan
Authors: Zannati Anky , Widyastuti Utut , Nugroho Satya
Published: March 2018

Insert mutation is a method in the functional genomics analysis, using Ac and Ds transposable elements that capable of transposing genes in plant genome, including rice. Using such method, it is possible to identify functional genes, such as abiotic stress tolerance genes in rice plant. The objectives of this research were to screen activated-tag mutant rice for tolerance to salinity stress. Seventy-five lines were chosen from a 1,000 fast screening
experiment to identify mutant responsive to salinity stress. The mutant was validated in three screening batches (A, B and C) at germinating stage in Yoshida solution containing 200g/L NaCl. Three potential tolerant mutants, with the highest vigor index were identified from each batch. Insertion analysis of the nine mutants showed that the activator/dissociation (Ac/Ds) elements were still present in the genome, based on the bar and hpt marker genes as identified from the positive PCR.
Analisis Produksi dan Efisiensi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah di Provinsi Bali
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Mulyo Jangkung H. , Darwanto Dwidjono H. , Widodo Sri
Published: March 2018

The integrated crop management approach on rice is aimed to increase the productivity on fields with the constraint of limited land area. This present research was aimed to analyze
the impact of the implementation of integrated crop management to grain yield and its efficiency on the lowland farming. The study was conducted in three districts representing the lowland rice production center in Bali, i.e. Tabanan, Buleleng and Gianyar, involving 216 respondents, over two cropping seasons. Sampling of the respondents was using stratified simple random method. Data were analyzed using a stochastic frontier production function with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The results showed that the aggregate of rice production was affected by land area, amount of seeds, N fertilizer, organic fertilizer, pesticides, labor and age of seedling. Rice yield was higher in the dry season applying legowo planting pattern, followed by intermittent irrigations, IPM and planting varieties other than IR64. Technically, both ICMFS alumni farmers and non ICM-FS alumni were considered efficient, with an efficiency rate of more than 70 percent, but only
ICM-FS alumni farmers allocated the inputs efficiently, and therefore economically move efficient. Socio economic factors which were significantly affected the aggregate technical
inefficiencies were age of farmers, level of education, farming experiences, and the number of land plots. Technical inefficiency of the lowland rice farming was lower when ICM-FS alumni farmers work on their own lands.
Keefektifan Pelapisan Benih terhadap Peningkatan Mutu Benih Padi Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Ikrarwati Ikrarwati , Ilyas Satriyas , Yukti AmiyarsI Mustika
Published: March 2018

Seed coating using biological pesticides such as clove oil and citronella oil, was expected to have the ability to control seed-borne pathogens on rice. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of seed coating using clove oil and lemon grass oil against seed-borne fungi and bacteria on rice seed variety “Hipa 8” during storage. The experiment was conducted in Cimanggis, from February to September 2012, using completely randomized design with single factor, consisting of four levels: (1) clove oil 1% + chitosan 3%; (2) lemon grass oil 2% + carboxymethyl-cellulose 1%; (3) Synthetic pesticide (streptomycin sulphate 0.04% + benomyl 0.1%) + arabic gum 10%; and (4) control (without coating). Results showed that seedborne fungi pathogens on seed of Hipa 8 rice were detected at 6-month storage consisted of Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The detected pathogenic bacteria were Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. campestris pv. oryzicola. Coating formula most compatible with the rice seed of HIPA 8 was chemical pesticide + 10% arabic gum, which suppressed fungal infection from 80% to 45% at the first month and from 90% to 70% at the fifth month, suppressed populations of Xoo + Xco from 7.6 x 108 cfu/g of seed to 5.86 x 105 cfu/g of seed at the first month and 7.0 x 106 cfu/g of seed to 1.4 x 104 cfu/g of seeds at the sixth month. The treatment caused the smallest decrease of seed viability compared to the other coating treatments.
Verifikasi Dosis Rekomendasi Pemupukan Hara Spesifik Lokasi untuk Padi Varietas Hibrida
Authors: Suyamto Suyamto , Saeri M. , Saraswati D. P. , Robi’in Robi’in
Published: March 2018

IAARD in collaboration with IRRI has developed site specific nutrient management (SSNM or PHSL) recommendation, which can be accessed through PHSL-web (http:/webapps.irri.org/nm/id). PHSL recommendations were evaluated for inbred rice variety but not yet for hybrid rice. The objective of this experiment was to verify the effectiveness of PHSL recommendation for hybrid rice and to evaluate the response of hybrid rice to N fertilizer. Two experiments were conducted during the dry season of 2012 in two locations (Malang and Blitar). The first experiment consisted of 6 treatments: (1) PHSL recommendation based on yield target of hybrid variety (Mapan-P05) (10.3 t/ha or 20% higher compared to that of inbred variety), (2) same as treatment 1 for Hipa-10 hybrid variety, (3) same as treatment 1 for Ciherang variety, (4) PHSL based on the yield target similar to that of inbred variety (8.6 t/ha) applied for Mapan-P05 hybrid variety, (5) same as treatment 4 applied for Hipa-10 hybrid variety, and (6) same as treatment 4 applied for Ciherang inbred variety. PHSL recommendation for hybrid rice was 300 kg NPK (Phonska) + 376 kg urea/ha applied 4 times, while that for inbred rice was 200 kg NPK (Phonska) + 332 kg urea/ha applied 3 times. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, 4 replications, and plot size was 5 m x 10 m. The second experiment was arranged in a split plot design with four replications and plot size 5 m x 10 m. The main plots consisted of 4 rates of urea application namely: 0; 150; 300; and 450 kg urea/ha. The sub plots were two varieties namely: Mapan-P05 (hybrid) and Ciherang (inbred). Soil was analyzed before the conduct of experiment. Main data collection included yield of rice, hybrid rice respon to urea fertilizer. Results of the experiment showed that fertilizer rate based on PHSL for hybrid rice was not appropriate. Applying rate of fertilizers based on PHSL for hybrid rice resulted in rice yields not significantly different to that of inbred variety fertilized based on PHSL for inbred variety. The response of hybrid variety to N fertilizer was higher than that of inbred variety, suggesting that hybrid rice produced higher yield than did inbred, at the same rate of fertilizer. To obtain a higher yield of hybrid rice (such as Mapan-P05) the rate and time of fertilizer applications are not necessarily to be increased as recommended on PHSL-web. Using the same fertilizer rate, hybrid rice (such as Mapan-P05) produced higher yield compared to that of inbred variety, which indicated higher efficiency of fertilization. Yield of hybrid rice Hipa-10 variety was not only determined by fertilizer rate but also by other factors, such as seed quality and crop management (M). The existence of GxExM interaction was higher for hybrid rice, meaning hybrid variety required very specific environment.
Keywords: 
MACROECONOMIC CONDITION AND BANKING INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ekananda Mahjus
Published: March 2018

The ratio of non-performing loan (NPL) and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is still a measure of bank soundness in various countries including Indonesia. Interdependence acros bank’s condition, diversity of the size, market structure within banking industry, and macroeconomic variables, may be very complex and dynamic. This paper utilizes the advantage of PVAR model on capturing this complexity to analyze the dynamic relationship between the macroeconomic variables and the soundness of the banks. The result shows NPL of banks with small asset will increases rapidly when interest rate fluctuates. For banks with large asset, the increase in interest rates leads to larger reduction on their CAR. On the other hand, the result shows banks with smaller capital are less able to adapt quickly to an increase in NPL due to exchangerate depreciation, therefore banks with smaller capital should be cautious about the exchange rate risk.
INDEX OF SYARIAH FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Umar Azwar Iskandar
Published: March 2018

This paper calculates and analyzes the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion (ISFI) covering three dimensions; the accessibility, the availability and the usage of Islamic banking services. Using the annual data in province level in Indonesia during the period of 2010-2015, this paper found that the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion is generally low and Bangka Belitung is the most financially inclusive province of Indonesia. Furthermore, the results show that the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion is positively correlated with the Human Development Index. This conclusion suggests the promotion of Syariah Financial Inclusion to be a policy priority in Indonesia to achieve the central goals of inclusive growth, welfare and economic development.
TIME-VARYING MACROECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC POLICY UNCERTAINTY TO A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Setiastuti Sekar Utami
Published: March 2018

This paper studies macroeconomic impacts of global economic policy uncertainty shocks to a small open economy. To that end, I use monthly Indonesian data along with a measure of global economic policy uncertainty developed by Baker et al. (2016) and Davis (2016) and estimate a time-varying parameter Bayesian structural VAR with non-recursive identification using framework proposed by Canova and Pérez Forero (2015). I find that global economic policy uncertainty shocks lead to a reduction in prices, interest rate, and trade balance in all global events included in the estimation. The impact on output, however, largely varies across events. A surprise movement of global economic policy uncertainty triggers a contraction in output around the 2008 global financial crisis but, following the 2016 US presidential election, output reacts positively to the shock. Despite these notable variations in the responses of output, the proportion of the forecast error variance of output due to the shock is very small and decreases rapidly over time—which indicates that the shock presents an inconsequential effect to output. Nonetheless, the proportion of the forecast error variance of trade balance due to the shock is considerably higher than the forecast error variance of output and inflation. This further suggests that, via international trade, a global economic policy uncertainty shock could still pose harm for Indonesia.
THE IMPACT OF NEW TRADE AGENDA TO MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIA AND JAPAN IN SHORT AND LONG TERM
Authors: Widyasanti Amalia Adininggar
Published: March 2018

The swings of global trade in recent decades have been resulted from the global economic crisis and unfavorable condition of global situation. Deterioration of private demand -- as a result of economic crisis and increase of unemployment – has been the main reason of worsening global trade. This condition has, of course, affected economic performance of countries through trade channels. Furthermore, the recent trade agenda following to Trump administration has created another uncertainty to the world economy. This paper studies the impact of new trade agenda, which is represented by Trump’s plan on trade policy, to the world economy as well as to Indonesian and Japanese economy in particular. The analysis is based on computable general equilibrium of GTAP model version 6, with two scenarios: (i) Trump Trade Agenda when implementing 45 and 35 percent tariff to China and Mexico; (ii) Trade Hit List when imposing tariff to the 16 countries in the trade hit list. Impacts of both scenarios are examined in short run and long run. The results suggest that both scenarios in the short run will not create any significant effect to global economy as whole nor to Indonesian and Japan in particular. However, their impacts to the global economy, Indonesia, and Japan will be substantial in the long run. Therefore, Indonesia and Japan in particular should concern on providing sound economic policies to reduce the risk of new trade agenda to these economies in the long run. Some policy recommendation provided in this paper are: (i) Japan should focus on improving technological innovation to realize the implementation of society 5.0 and industry 4.0 as scheduled; (ii) Indonesia should facilitate more investment to its economy and provide more government investment to induce accumulation of capital stock in the future. Furthermore, efficiencies and technological adoption should also be main concern of the Indonesian government to induce productivity of the economy and help mitigate the global risks in the long run.
The Effect of Financial Liberalization and Capital Flows on Income Volatility in Asia-Pacific
Authors: Abdullah Feriansyah , Achsani Noer Azham , Irawan Tony
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the effect of financial liberalization on income volatility focused on the direction of capital flows in the Asia-Pacific region. By using a dynamic panel model, this study investigates the effect of financial liberalization on income volatility in 19 Asia-Pacific countries over the period 1976-2015. The results show that the financial liberalization in the Asia-Pacific region associated with low income volatility is only perceived by developed countries, while not for developing countries. This paper also investigates the effect of capital flows on different types of directions. The results show that capital outflows will be associated with low income volatility, whereas capital inflows will be associated with high income volatility. The negative effect of financial liberalization on income volatility in developing countries is caused by the majority of those countries holding larger capital inflows, compared to capital outflows. Therefore, the excess capital inflows in developing countries increase the pressure and the vulnerability to the crisis.
Market Structure and Competition of Islamic Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Sunarmo .
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the market structure and competition of Islamic Banking with H-statistics (Panzar and Roose) model using panel data over a period of July 2010 to September 2014. The result of H-statistics test for long-run equilibrium showed disequilibrium condition. It means that Islamic banking in developing stage. While the market structure and competition test confirmed that the value of the degree of H-statistics generally in monopolistic competition market with score 0.53 to 1.06.
Nowcasting Household Consumption and Investment in Indonesia
Authors: Tarsidin . , Idham . , Rakhman Robbi Nur
Published: March 2018

It is imperative for the Central Bank to know the current state of the economy as the basis underlying projections of future economic conditions. To that end, current economic conditions, in this case household consumption and investment, could be predicted using nowcasting. In this research, a nowcasting model was developed for the two aforementioned macroeconomic variables using a Dynamic Factor Model (DFM). Theindicators used when nowcasting household consumption included: motor vehicle sales, total deposits, the lending rate on consumer loans, M1 and the rupiah exchange rate (NEER), while the indicators used for nowcasting investment included: cement sales, motor vehicle production, electric energy consumption, outstanding loans and M1. Accuracy testing showed that the nowcasting model for household consumption using DFM was sound, while the forecast error for nowcasting investment was significant but remained below the benchmark.
Kurva Phillips dan Perubahan Struktural di Indonesia : Keberadaan, Pola Pembentukan Ekspektasi, dan Linieritas
Authors: . Solikin
Published: March 2018

Terdapat tiga isu strategis yang menjadi pijakan penelitian empiris mengenai Kurva Phillips dalam dua dekade terakhir, yaitu: (i) apakah hubungan atau trade-off tersebut secara empiris terjadi dalam suatu perekonomian dan bagaimana hubungan atau trade-off tersebut terjadi dalam horison waktu yang berbeda? (ii) apakah hubungan atau trade-off tersebut bersifat linier (simetri) atau non linier (tidak simetri)?, dan (iii) bagaimana implikasi dari hubungan atau trade-off tersebut terhadap penerapan kebijakan ekonomi? Dengan tujuan umum untuk menjawab isu-isu strategis tersebut, fenomena Kurva Phillips akan dianalisis pada lingkup kegiatan ekonomi makro. Secara khusus, hal penting yang juga diamati adalah kemungkinan perubahan perilaku Kurva Phillips sebagai respons terhadap perubahan fundamental perekonomian, khususnya sebagai akibat krisis ekonomi 1997. Dari kajian yang dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa fenomena Kurva Phillips eksis dalam perekonomian Indonesia, dimana keberadaan dan perilaku kurva tersebut mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu, sejalan dengan perubahan struktur fundamental perekonomian (regime dependent). Secara khusus, pola pembentukan ekspektasi dan linieritas dalam Kurva Phillips mengalami perbedaan (perubahan) yang signifikan antara periode pre dan pasca krisis.
THE DISCIPLINE IN THE MAKING: APPRAISING THE PROGRESS OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Authors: Furqani Hafas
Published: March 2018

Islamic economics is currently moving from a mere discourse on economics in Islamic perspective towards becoming a distinct science of Islamic economics. There is a systematic effort from Islamic economic scientific community to develop a discipline of Islamic economics marked by a complete body of knowledge, clear subject matter, methodology/methodologies to appraise theories and continuous growth and accumulation of knowledge. This could be done if the scientific community put strong effort in explicating all the necessary foundations of science and achieve consensus on certain important aspect of discipline. In this paper we attempt to historically survey the development of Islamic economics towards becoming a distinct discipline, evaluate the current practices a adopted by the Islamic economics’ scientific community in settling up problems, and outlining forward agenda in order to achieve this discipline status.Keywords:  Islamic economics, foundations, discipline, body of knowledge, developmentJEL Classification: A19, B29, B49, B59
WHY DO PEOPLE SEE A FINANCIAL SYSTEM AS A WHOLE VERY IMPORTANT?
Authors: Masyita Dian
Published: March 2018

The action of one person will affect the others and then the action of one country will affect other countries. Financial crisis is like a contagious disease, which spreads everywhere. The failure in capturing systemic risk is the interconnected market events (’network externalities’) can produce self-reinforcing cycles then create the harmful situation. What happened in the banking regulation particularly Basel II? In reality, Basel II did not work completely in 2008. Since the implementation of risk management based on Basel II has been a prerequisite for a bank, it is supposed to make a positive impact. Misplaced reliance on mathematical model and statistics in managing risk could one of the problems in the decision making process. Using system thinking, system dynamics paradigm and theory of feedback system, this paper tries to see the risk management from different perspective and to enrich the understanding of how financial systems work: what drives them and causes the behavior. Many lessons can be learnt from this financial contagion since Islamic banking and finance system has inevitably been a part of the international financial systems.Keywords:  Financial crisis, interconnected events, system thinking, system dynamics, islamic banking and finance.JEL Classification: D10, D80, E50, E60, G20, G32
A CASH WAQF INVESTMENT MODEL: AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR FINANCING MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Duasa Jarita , Thaker Mohamed Asmy Bin Mohd Thas
Published: March 2018

This study was designed to empirically determine: (i) to look the factors causes micro enterprises opt for using internal funding instead of external funding; and (ii) to observe the probability of micro enterprises opt for Cash Waqf fund as alternative source of funding their business. The primary data is collected from the administered survey questions in Klang Valley (Selangor and Kuala Lumpur) and the analysis is conducted using statistical analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The model is validated its acceptance in the field by adopting the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). From the findings, among the factors that lead micro enterprises to use internal funding are strict collateral requirement by commercial financial institutions, high cost of financing, strict documentation requirement and good financial and business track record. Unfortunately, most of them cannot fulfill these conditions and continue to face the problem of accessing finance. The present study has developed the Cash Waqf Investment model to support micro enterprises to improve their access to finance and enhance the skills. Based on the responses received from the field, it has been shown that the intention and readiness of micro enterprises in accepting the model as a source of financial and human capital development services is impressive.Keywords:  Micro-enterprises, Financing, Cash waqf, Theory of reasoned actionJEL Classification: G1, L3, O14
EFFECTIVENESS OF ZAKAT-BASED PROGRAMS ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF POOR WOMEN: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Anis Fahami Muhammad , Kassim Salina H.
Published: March 2018

Among the many problems facing Bangladesh, poverty remains a key problem affecting millions of lives. During the past few decades, many initiatives have been implemented such as microcredit and cash transfer programs, yet the results seemed to be ambiguous. New frontiers are now sought to find new sources of finance which could offer a more effective and sustainable solution to the root cause of the poverty problem. Considering the idea of entrepreneurship and group-based development approach of microcredit, a zakat-based development approach was initiated in Bangladesh at a private level by an organization called Center for Zakat Management (CZM) for poverty alleviation and sustainable economic empowerment targeting poor women in rural areas. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the CZM efforts in utilizing zakat funds for promoting entrepreneurship among poor rural women. Focusing on the case of Bangladesh, this study assesses the effectiveness of zakat on aspects such as income, house hold expense and fixed asset accumulation of the poor client based on the “before and after” approach. Groups comprising of poor individuals and families are given equity capital/seed money and are encouraged to embark on small businesses according to their own liking. The groups are supervised for a period of a minimum of three years to ensure all individuals within the group are able to continue with their activities and ultimately, free themselves from the shackles of poverty and graduate into sustainable livelihood. Results indicate a significant nominal and real increase in average monthly income, increase in fixed assets and an increase in monthly average household expenditure before and after receiving zakat money. Results also demonstrate factors such as age of the entrepreneur, family size, type of business involved and the amount of zakat received to have a strong influence in determining the success of women entrepreneurs. Education level of the entrepreneur, on the other hand, does not seem to have significant impact on the success or failure of the entrepreneur. The findings from this paper shed light on the effectiveness of zakat-based approach in alleviating poverty and ensuring sustainable economic empowerment of the poor rural women.Keywords:  Zakat, Poverty alleviation, Entrepreneurship, BangladeshJEL Classification: I32, L26, Z12