bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of morphophysiological responses among cowpea and long beans plants under drought stress condition
Authors: SYAFRIANI ELLY , SUSILO KARTIKA RESTU , SAYEKTI RAHMI SRI , WIDYAWAN MUHAMMAD HABIB , KHOIRUNNISA NABILAH SALMA , RAHMADHANI MUTIARI
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Syafriani E, Susilo KR, Sayekti RS, Widyawan MH, Khoirunnisa NS, Rahmadhani M. 2022. Comparative study of morphophysiological responses among cowpea and long beans plants under drought stress condition. Biodiversitas 23: 5507-5518. Long bean plants are generally more susceptible to drought stress than cowpea plants. One of the promising solutions is through plant breeding to produce genetically modified long bean plants resistant to drought stress by crossing with cowpeas. Parental selection is the initial stage of the plant breeding program. This stage was performed by selecting parental varieties based on the desired superior characteristics, including morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as, yield production. Unfortunately, the comparison between long bean plants and cowpea plants is not well-studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the morphophysiological similarities and differences between long beans and cowpeas to withstand drought stress. A two-factorial randomized block design was used in this study and consisted of 2 factors (plant varieties and type of drought stress). The plant varieties used in this study are 7 long bean plants and 7 cowpea plants. While the level of drought stress were: T0 (watering every day), T1 (every 5 days), and T2 (every 10 days). The observational data from morphophysiological characters indicated that long bean plants were more tolerant to drought stress than cowpea plants. Interestingly, one of the cowpea varieties (C2) had the highest proline contents (20.27 µmol/gram of leaves sample) compared to other varieties. Hence, the C2 variety can be considered a candidate for further studies. Meanwhile, all the tested 7 varieties of long bean plants showed varying adaptability, possibly due to the genetic diversity of each variety against drought stress.
Comparison of Water Resistance for Modified Medium-Density Fiberboard
Authors: Irribarra Luis Molina , Kamke Frederick A. , Leavengood Scott
Published: November 2022

Commercial medium-density fiberboard (MDF) products, specifically manufactured for water resistance, were evaluated over 8 days under three water exposure regimes: 90 percent relative humidity, one-sided water spray, and one-sided wet pad. A three-cycle wet-pad and drying exposure test was also performed. Rate of swelling, extent of swelling, and irreversible thickness swelling were determined. Acetylated MDF (AMDF) had the best overall performance, followed by steam-injection pressed MDF (SMDF) and polymeric methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate–bonded moisture-resistant MDF. The fastest rate of thickness swell and linear expansion occurred with exposure to one-sided water spray and the slowest with 90 percent relative humidity exposure. While AMDF was clearly superior after 24-hour exposure, the other MDF products were nearly identical. Significant difference in thickness swell and water absorption between moisture-resistant MDF and SMDF developed after 24 hours. Regardless of the method of water exposure, the trend of best to worst MDF performance was the same.
The transformation of the Turkish defence Industry from the time of the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey, 1834-1950
Authors: Kurt Enes , Şehitoğlu Yasin
Published: November 2022

This study examines the transformation of the Turkish defence industry between the years 1834 and 1950, defining periods to reveal the structure and conditions of the industry over that time. We identify the first period, which took place from 1834 to 1923, as one of “Modernization efforts and import dependency”; in this period, modernization efforts began and state initiatives introduced the steam engine to the Turkish defence industry. Activities undertaken during this period met with limited success, and towards the end of the century, the defence industry became completely dependent on imports. We identify the second period, which took place between the years 1923 and 1950, as one of “Domestic production efforts”; in this period, especially in Ataturk’s time (1923-1938), Turkey sought to establish local industry and an industrialist class with close ties to the state. That industrial policy came to an end following British military aid, World War II, and Turkey’s entry to NATO.
Reconsidering automotive development strategies in Argentina in the light of the ASEAN experience
Authors: Pérez Artica Rodrigo , Pérez Ibáñez Javier Ignacio , Perez Almansi Bruno
Published: November 2022

We compared the Argentinian automotive industry’s trajectory since 2000 with those corresponding to three ASEAN economies: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. We aimed to identify factors explaining the divergence among the four cases and to draw valuable conclusions for the re-design of Argentinian automotive policy. First, we considered the productive and foreign trade performance among the four cases. We then reviewed key industrial policies conducted over the period. Comparative analysis highlights the Thai experience, which posted outstanding performance on both industrial expansion and trade surplus. Moreover, we examined the high potential for selective policies incentivizing specific products and technologies, which can promote private strategies more aligned with macroeconomic stability and industrial development in Argentina.
Adaptive SVM-based pixel accumulation technique for a SPAD-based lidar system
Authors: Yang Chuanchuan , Zhang Hualong
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes an adaptive support vector machine (SVM)-based pixel accumulation technique for the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based flash lidar system to greatly improve the accuracy of depth images. In this method, an adaptive incremental SVM classifier is proposed to distinguish the target and background to avoid the boundary blur caused by accumulation. With the SVM classifier, only the pixels belonging to the same target are accumulated. Then by accumulating the multiple measurements of the results of neighboring pixels, the influence of noisy photons can be reduced, and an accurate peak position of the laser signal in the histogram generated by the SPAD detector can be derived. Different from most existing classification algorithms in which the SVM model is used to recognize the target in depth, the image is trained with huge amounts of offline data, which neglect the ability to handle the changes of target’s features by building a small subset of input data that contains all needed information of the trained SVM model. The new method could quickly update itself with the motion of target or light intensity changes online and definitely enhance the practicability of the proposed depth image-processing method. Experimental results show that using the proposed adaptive pixel accumulation technique, the mean squared error of depth images can be reduced by 61% compared with raw images and 44% compared with the static SVM-based method when the target moves.
Joint design of ordered QR precoding and SIC detection for MIMO VLC systems
Authors: Wang Congcong , Feng Chunyan , Yang Yang , Guo Caili , Jia Bowen
Published: November 2022

Ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) detection has been investigated to mitigate the high spatial correlation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) systems. However, existing OSIC schemes have to perform reordering and matrix inversion for each detected symbol, which may lead to high complexity when a large number of symbols are transmitted. In this work, a joint design of ordered QR decomposition precoding and SIC detection (OQR-SIC) is proposed for MIMO VLC systems. This work jointly investigates OQR precoding and SIC detection to reduce the detection complexity while alleviating spatial correlation issue for MIMO VLC systems. In OQR-SIC, with the upper triangular matrix obtained by QR decomposition, the SIC detector can detect the symbol sequentially without reordering and matrix inversion calculations. To improve the system data rate, we further optimize the ordering of the columns of the channel matrix before QR decomposition and the power allocation of transmitted signals under the constraints of dimming control, total electrical power and reliable SIC detection. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OQR-SIC achieves 2 dB and 9.8 dB signal-to-noise ratio gains compared to conventional QR-SIC in 4 × 4 and 9 × 9 MIMO VLC systems, respectively, when the bit error rate is 10−3.
Design of two-dimensional sampled Bragg grating for a curved waveguide
Authors: Zeng Xintao , Wang Hongji , Hong Ziming , Ma Yuxin , Zhu Canfeng , Wu Pinghui , Zhang Xianzeng , Shi Yuechun , Chen Xiangfei
Published: November 2022

Due to the ability of changing light propagation path direction, curved waveguide Bragg grating (CWG) plays an important role in photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we proposed a cascaded sampled Bragg grating on tilted waveguide (CSBG-TW) structure to equivalently realize CWG. As an example, by designing two-dimensional (2D) sampled gratings, the direction of +1st sub-grating vector in CSBG-TW can be changed. Then if a curved waveguide is divided into several sections of tilted waveguide, we can keep the grating direction being always parallel to the longitudinal direction of each section of tilted waveguide, while the basic grating is uniform. Hence, the required CWG can be equivalently realized, and the light responses such as reflection Bragg wavelength shift and backward mode convert caused by the tilted grating in curved waveguide can be compensated for. The results show that the sampling structures of CSBG-TW is micro-scale and the difference between reflection intensity between the CSBG-TW with four section tilted waveguide and CWG as design target is less than 0.1 dB. Compared with CWG, the CSBG-TW allows convenient holographic exposure and the wavelength can be accurately controlled. Therefore, the CSBG-TW can be used in various photonic integrated devices that require changing propagation paths.
wrmXpress: A modular package for high-throughput image analysis of parasitic and free-living worms
Authors: Wheeler Nicolas J. , Gallo Kendra J. , Rehborg Elena J. G. , Ryan Kaetlyn T. , Chan John D. , Zamanian Mostafa
Published: November 2022

Advances in high-throughput and high-content imaging technologies require concomitant development of analytical software capable of handling large datasets and generating relevant phenotypic measurements. Several tools have been developed to analyze drug response phenotypes in parasitic and free-living worms, but these are siloed and often limited to specific instrumentation, worm species, and single phenotypes. No unified tool exists to analyze diverse high-content phenotypic imaging data of worms and provide a platform for future extensibility. We have developed wrmXpress, a unified framework for analyzing a variety of phenotypes matched to high-content experimental assays of free-living and parasitic nematodes and flatworms. We demonstrate its utility for analyzing a suite of phenotypes, including motility, development/size, fecundity, and feeding, and establish the package as a platform upon which to build future custom phenotypic modules. We show that wrmXpress can serve as an analytical workhorse for anthelmintic screening efforts across schistosomes, filarial nematodes, and free-living model nematodes and holds promise for enabling collaboration among investigators with diverse interests.
A protocol paper for the MOTION Study—A longitudinal study in a cohort aged 60 years and older to obtain mechanistic knowledge of the role of the gut microbiome during normal healthy ageing in order to develop strategies that will improve lifelong health and wellbeing
Authors: Phillips Sarah , Watt Rachel , Atkinson Thomas , Rajan Shelina , Hayhoe Antonietta , Savva George M. , Hornberger Michael , Burton Ben J. L. , Saada Janak , Cambell-Kelly Melissa , Rushbrook Simon , Carding Simon R.
Published: November 2022

Background

Advances in medicine and public health mean that people are living longer; however, a significant proportion of that increased lifespan is spent in a prolonged state of declining health and wellbeing which places increasing pressure on medical, health and social services. There is a social and economic need to develop strategies to prevent or delay age-related disease and maintain lifelong health. Several studies have suggested links between the gut microbiome and age-related disease, which if confirmed would present a modifiable target for intervention development. The MOTION study aims to determine whether and how changes in the gut microbiome are associated with physical and mental capacity. A comprehensive longitudinal multiparameter study such as this has not been previously undertaken.

Methods

MOTION is a longitudinal prospective cohort study with a focus on gut health and cognitive function. 360 healthy individuals aged 60 years and older, living in East Anglia, UK will be recruited to the study, stratified into one of three risk groups (cohorts) for developing dementia based on their cognitive function. Participants will attend study appointments every six months over four years, providing stool and blood samples and a health questionnaire. Participants will also undergo physical measurements and cognitive tests at alternating appointments, and undergo Optical Coherence Tomography scans at 3 timepoints. Two subgroups of participants in the study will provide colonic tissue biopsies (n = ≥30 from each cohort), and brain imaging (n = 30) at two timepoints.

Discussion

This study will provide new insights into the gut-(microbiota)-brain axis and the relationship between age-associated changes in gut microbe populations and cognitive health. Such insights could help develop new microbe-based strategies to improve lifelong health and wellbeing.

Trial registration

This study is registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov Database with ID: NCT04199195 Registered: May 14, 2019.
Comparison of resident COVID-19 mortality between unionized and nonunionized private nursing homes
Authors: Olson Adam , Rajgopal Shivaram , Bai Ge
Published: November 2022

Using bargaining agreement data from the Federal Mediation Conciliation Services, we found that the median national resident COVID-19 mortality percentage (as of April 24, 2022) of unionized nursing homes and that of nonunionized ones were not statically different (10.2% vs. 10.7%; P = 0.32). The median nursing home resident COVID-19 mortality percentage varied from 0% in Hawaii to above 16% in Rhode Island (16.6%). Unionized nursing homes had a statistically significant lower median mortality percentage than nonunionized nursing homes (P < 0.1) in Missouri, and had a higher median mortality percentage than nonunionized nursing homes (P < 0.05) in Alabama and Tennessee. Higher average resident age, lower percentage of Medicare residents, small size, for-profit ownership, and chain organization affiliation were associated with higher resident COVID-19 mortality percentage. Overall, no evidence was found that nursing home resident COVID-19 mortality percentage differed between unionized nursing homes and nonunionized nursing homes in the U.S.
A sequential model of the contribution of preschool fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities to later school achievement
Authors: Carpentier Philippe , Morneau-Vaillancourt Geneviève , Aubé Sophie , Matte-Gagné Célia , Denault Anne-Sophie , Brendgen Mara , Larose Simon , Petitclerc Amélie , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Carbonneau René , Feng Bei , Séguin Jean , Côté Sylvana , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel
Published: November 2022

The present study documented in two distinct population-based samples the contribution of preschool fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities to school achievement in primary school and examined the mediating role of crystallized abilities in this sequence of predictive associations. In both samples, participants were assessed on the same cognitive abilities at 63 months (sample 1, n = 1072), and at 41 and 73 months (sample 2, n = 1583), and then with respect to their school achievement from grade 1 (7 years) to grade 6 (12 years). Preschool crystallized abilities were found to play a key role in predicting school achievement. They contributed substantially to school achievement in the early school years, but more modestly in the later years, due to the strong auto-regression of school achievement. They also mediated the association between fluid abilities and later school achievement in the early grades of school, with the former having modest direct contribution to the latter in the later grades. These findings are discussed regarding their implication for preventive interventions.
Potential role of transthoracic echocardiography for screening LV systolic dysfunction in patients with a history of dengue infection. A cross-sectional and cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Kaagaard Molly D. , Wegener Alma , Gomes Laura C. , Holm Anna E. , Lima Karine O. , Matos Luan O. , Vieira Isabelle V. M. , de Souza Rodrigo Medeiros , Vestergaard Lasse S. , Marinho Claudio Romero Farias , Dos Santos Flávia Barreto , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Silvestre Odilson M. , Brainin Philip
Published: November 2022

Background

Dengue virus can affect the cardiovascular system and men may be at higher risk of severe complications than women. We hypothesized that clinical dengue virus (DENV) infection could induce myocardial alterations of the left ventricle (LV) and that these changes could be detected by transthoracic echocardiography.

Methodology/Principal findings

We examined individuals from Acre in the Amazon Basin of Brazil in 2020 as part of the Malaria Heart Study. By questionnaires we collected information on self-reported prior dengue infection. All individuals underwent transthoracic echocardiography, analysis of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). We included 521 persons (mean age 40±15 years, 39% men, 50% urban areas) of which 253 (49%) had a history of dengue infection. In multivariable models adjusted for clinical and sociodemographic data, a history of self-reported dengue was significantly associated with lower LVEF (β = -2.37, P < 0.01) and lower GLS (β = 1.08, P < 0.01) in men, whereas no significant associations were found in women (P > 0.05). In line with these findings, men with a history of dengue had higher rates of LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 50% = 20%; GLS < 16% = 17%) than those without a history of dengue (LVEF < 50% = 7%; GLS < 16% = 8%; P < 0.01 and 0.06, respectively).

Conclusions/Significance

The findings of this study suggest that a clinical infection by dengue virus could induce myocardial alterations, mainly in men and in the LV, which could be detected by conventional transthoracic echocardiography. Hence, these results highlight a potential role of echocardiography for screening LV dysfunction in participants with a history of dengue infection. Further larger studies are warranted to validate the findings of this study.
Artificial intelligence-based analytics for impacts of COVID-19 and online learning on college students’ mental health
Authors: Rezapour Mostafa , Elmshaeuser Scott K.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in Wuhan, China late in December 2019. Not long after, the virus spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. This caused many changes around the world and in the United States, including an educational shift towards online learning. In this paper, we seek to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in online learning impact college students’ emotional wellbeing. We use several machine learning and statistical models to analyze data collected by the Faculty of Public Administration at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia in conjunction with an international consortium of universities, other higher education institutions, and students’ associations. Our results indicate that features related to students’ academic life have the largest impact on their emotional wellbeing. Other important factors include students’ satisfaction with their university’s and government’s handling of the pandemic as well as students’ financial security.
Telomere length is causally connected to brain MRI image derived phenotypes: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Salih Ahmed , Galazzo Ilaria Boscolo , Petersen Steffen E. , Lekadir Karim , Radeva Petia , Menegaz Gloria , Altmann André
Published: November 2022

Recent evidence suggests that shorter telomere length (TL) is associated with neuro degenerative diseases and aging related outcomes. The causal association between TL and brain characteristics represented by image derived phenotypes (IDPs) from different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities remains unclear. Here, we use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically assess the causal relationships between TL and 3,935 brain IDPs. Overall, the MR results suggested that TL was causally associated with 193 IDPs with majority representing diffusion metrics in white matter tracts. 68 IDPs were negatively associated with TL indicating that longer TL causes decreasing in these IDPs, while the other 125 were associated positively (longer TL leads to increased IDPs measures). Among them, ten IDPs have been previously reported as informative biomarkers to estimate brain age. However, the effect direction between TL and IDPs did not reflect the observed direction between aging and IDPs: longer TL was associated with decreases in fractional anisotropy and increases in axial, radial and mean diffusivity. For instance, TL was positively associated with radial diffusivity in the left perihippocampal cingulum tract and with mean diffusivity in right perihippocampal cingulum tract. Our results revealed a causal role of TL on white matter integrity which makes it a valuable factor to be considered when brain age is estimated and investigated.
Community-based bilingual doula support during labour and birth to improve migrant women’s intrapartum care experiences and emotional well-being–Findings from a randomised controlled trial in Stockholm, Sweden [NCT03461640]
Authors: Schytt Erica , Wahlberg Anna , Eltayb Amani , Tsekhmestruk Nataliia , Small Rhonda , Lindgren Helena
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of community-based bilingual doula (CBD) support for improving the intrapartum care experiences and postnatal wellbeing of migrant women giving birth in Sweden.

Design

Randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Six antenatal care clinics and five hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants

164 pregnant Somali-, Arabic-, Polish-, Russian- and Tigrinya-speaking women who could not communicate fluently in Swedish, were ≥18 years and had no contra-indications for vaginal birth.

Intervention

In addition to standard labour support, women were randomised to CBD support (n = 88) or no such support during labour (n = 76). Trained CBDs met with women prior to labour, provided support by telephone after labour had started, then provided emotional, physical and communication support to women throughout labour and birth in hospital, and then met again with women after the birth.

Primary outcomes

Women’s overall ratings of the intrapartum care experiences (key question from the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire) and postnatal wellbeing (mean value of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 6–8 weeks after birth.

Results

In total, 150 women remained to follow-up; 82 women (93.2%) randomised to receive CBD support and 68 women (89.5%) randomised to standard care (SC). Of women allocated CBD support, 60 (73.2%) received support during labour. There were no differences between the groups regarding women’s intrapartum care experiences (very happy with care: CBD 80.2% (n = 65) vs SC 79.1% (n = 53); OR 1.07 CI 95% 0.48–2.40) or emotional wellbeing (EPDS mean value: CBD 4.71 (SD 4.96) vs SC 3.38 (SD 3.58); mean difference 1.33; CI 95% - 0.10–2.75).

Conclusions

Community-based doula support during labour and birth for migrant women neither increased women’s ratings of their care for labour and birth nor their emotional well-being 2 months postpartum compared with receiving standard care only. Further studies on the effectiveness of CBD powered to evaluate obstetric outcomes are needed.

Trial registration

Trial registration at ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03461640 https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=NCT03461640.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions and recommendations regarding adolescent vaccinations in Georgia and Tennessee during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative research
Authors: Olusanya Olufunto A. , White Brianna , Malik Fauzia , Hester Kyra A. , Davis Robert L. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Shaban-Nejad Arash
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Despite its benefits, HPV vaccine uptake has been historically lower than other recommended adolescent vaccines in the United States (US). While hesitancy and misinformation have threatened vaccinations for many years, the adverse impacts from COVID-19 pandemic on preventive services have been far-reaching.

Objectives

To explore the perceptions and experiences of adolescent healthcare providers regarding routine vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology

Between December 2020 and May 2021, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted via Zoom video conferencing among a purposively selected, diverse group of adolescent healthcare providers (n = 16) within 5 healthcare practices in the US southeastern states of Georgia and Tennessee. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis framework. Our analysis was guided by the grounded theory and inductive approach.

Results

Participants reported that patient-provider communications; effective use of presumptive languaging; provider’s continuing education/training; periodic reminders/recall messages; provider’s personal conviction on vaccine safety/efficacy; early initiation of HPV vaccination series at 9 years; community partnerships with community health navigators/vaccine champions/vaccine advocates; use of standardized forms/prewritten scripts/standard operating protocols for patient-provider interactions; and vaccine promotion through social media, brochures/posters/pamphlets as well as outreaches to schools and churches served as facilitators to adolescent HPV vaccine uptake. Preventive adolescent services were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic at all practices. Participants highlighted an initial decrease in patients due to the pandemic, while some practices avoided the distribution of vaccine informational materials due to sanitary concerns.

Conclusion

As part of a larger study, we provided contextual information to refine an intervention package currently being developed to improve adolescent preventive care provision in healthcare practices. Our results could inform the implementation of comprehensive intervention strategies that improve HPV vaccination rates. Additionally, lessons learned (e.g. optimizing patient- provider interactions) could be adopted to expand COVID-19 vaccine acceptance on a sizable scale.
traductor Diego Antonio Rejón de Silva y su traducción al español de El Tratado de la Pintura por Leonardo Da Vinci y los tres libros que sobre el mismo arte escribió León Bautista Alberti
Authors: Martino Alba Pilar
Published: November 2022

Nuestro artículo se enmarca en la historia de la traducción y concretamente en la figura de uno de los traductores de textos teóricos fundamentales de la historia del arte: Diego Antonio Rejón de Silva (1754-1796), académico de honor de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, quien no sólo fue el traductor e introductor en España de textos teóricos italianos sobre diversas artes plásticas, sino que, al mismo tiempo, actuó como lexicógrafo especializado y acuñador de términos específicos del campo histórico-artístico. Entre otras obras traducidas tiene en su haber El tratado de la pintura, de Leonardo da Vinci, y los textos teóricos sobre el arte de la pintura debidos a L. B. Alberti.
La cercanía entre las lenguas italiana y española, pero muy especialmente el prestigio de la primera en el ámbito histórico-artístico ha dado lugar a que términos específicos de las artes plásticas hayan pasado al español –y también a otras lenguas europeas no latinas? como préstamos y calcos.
En tal sentido, en nuestro artículo analizamos, en primer lugar, el perfil bio-bibliográfico y traductográfico de Diego Antonio Rejón de Silva, para pasar posteriormente al análisis traductológico macrotextual, microtextual y peritextual de la citada obra traducida por él del italiano al español. A continuación, analizamos la adopción de términos relativos a la descripción de obras y técnicas en el ámbito de las artes plásticas, la acuñación de terminología histórico-artística en español, así como si la presencia de terminología histórico-artística en textos teóricos sobre al arte de la pintura anteriores a la traducción de Rejón de Silva (1784) ya había adoptado o no desde la lengua italiana las descripciones y reflexiones de Leonardo da Vinci, tales como los de Jusepe Martínez (1600-1682),  Antonio Palomino (1655-1726) y Gregorio de Mayáns y Siscar (1699-1781).
Comparative study of electrocardiographic parameters in calves born after eutocia versus dystocia
Authors: Nowak Julia , Joerling Jessica , Sickinger Marlene , Wehrend Axel
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: The mortality rate of perinatal calves is high, particularly in dystocia cases. Besides detectable conditions such as trauma or amniotic fluid aspiration, the potential salience of cardiological diseases in neonatal bovine deaths has received little attention. This study aimed to compare the electrocardiographic parameters of calves born under conditions of dystocia and eutocia.

Materials and Methods: Electrocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory diagnostic examinations were performed during the first 5 days of life on 40 calves. Of them, 20 calves were born under conditions of dystocia and 20 of eutocia.

Results: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) did not show detectable arrhythmias in all calves. Both groups exhibited tachycardia on their first ECGs. The QT and ST interval durations developed differently over time in both groups, suggesting that these may be related to conditions of birth.

Conclusion: The electrocardiographic differences between calves born of dystocia and eutocia could be a factor in the increased mortality rate of calves born of dystocia.
Stages of introduction development as a scientific activity
Authors: Elisafenko T. V. , Dorogina O. V. , Kupriyanov A. N.
Published: November 2022

The concept of “Introduction” is ambiguous. It is associated with a long period of human introduction activity. There are six stages of introduction development: from 8000 years BC (intuitive stage) to the present. For a long time, the practical development of the introduction was significantly ahead of the theoretical one. In 1972, the adopted definition of introduction, as a purposeful human activity for introduction into culture, reflected the applied direction in introduction. In the XXI century, we observe a culminating development of the theoretical direction -introduction is formed as a science. The objects of introduction research are both plants and introduction points. Introduction methods are extensive. The specific language is being formed. New terms and concepts (for example, evaluation of the success of introduction), graphic and iconic images are proposed. Introduction, as a science, is based on fundamental achievements of ecology, botany, genetics. Introduction studies are the basis of breeding, agronomy, floriculture. The authors follow to the following definition of introduction: “It is a science that studies the processes occurring in plants and their offspring as a result of the transfer of plants to new habitats”. In practical terms, introduction is the transfer of plants to new habitats, in theory - the study of the processes of acclimatization and adaptation.
Vegetation of different ages fallows in the forest-steppe zone Cisbaikal region
Authors: Kazanovsky S. G. , Dorofeev N. V. , Zorina S. Yu. , Sokolova L. G.
Published: November 2022

In the work, 22 fallows of different ages in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region were studied. The main stages of vegetation restoration on fallows are revealed. The features of postagrogenic development of different ages fallows have been established. The stages of development of phytocenoses on deposits are determined. It is shown that the postagrogenic succession is directed towards the formation of a pine or pine-birch forest, in some cases towards a settled or real meadow. The development of the fallows at the pioneer stage in the conditions of the region may be inhibited by certain plant species - blockers.
Seasonal rhythms of development of some species of Spiraea L. and varieties of Spiraea japonica L. f. under conditions of collections the Educational Centre “Botanical Garden” of Saratov State University
Authors: Kulikova L. V. , Ivanova E.V. , Shakina T. N.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of the study of phenorhythms and introduction evaluation of five species of Spiraea (Spiraea salicifolia L., Spiraea densiflora Nutt. ex Rydb., Spiraea decumbens W. D. J. Koch., Spiraea chamaedryfolia L., Spiraea japonica L.) and 7 varieties of Spiraea japonica (‘Little Princess’, ‘Anthony Waterer, ‘Golden Princess, ‘Gold-flame, ‘Macrophylla, ‘Crispa, ‘Genpei (Shirobana)’. During phenological observations in the period from 2019 to 2021 at the EC “Botanical Garden” of Saratov State University established the calendar dates of the main phases of development, determined the average timing and duration of flowering in the studied samples. Spiraea japonica varieties have been successfully growing for a number of observed years, retaining their varietal characteristics. Evaluation of the success of the introduction showed that the studied species and varieties of Spiraea japonica turned out to be promising for introduction into culture and can be recommended for landscaping in the conditions of Saratov.
Investigation of the ecological and climatic niche of the protected species Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et Mey.) Kryl.
Authors: Levchenko L. S. , Olonova M. V.
Published: November 2022

The Siberian kandyk (Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. et Mey.) Kryl.) is listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and in the regions where it grows. The Siberian kandyk is widespread in Southern Siberia and Mongolia. This species has many useful qualities, for example, it is used for decorative purposes, for introduction, in folk medicine and for obtaining honey. The purpose of the work is to identify the ecological and climatic niche of the species and build on its basis a model of suitable habitats in the conditions of modern climate. The MaxEnt 3.4.4 and BIOCLIM methods implemented in the statistical programming environment R (CRAN) were chosen as tools for analysis and modeling. For visualization and information of previously obtained layers, the ArcGIS 10.8 program is convenient. As a result of the work done, it became obvious that the current distribution of the species as a whole corresponds to the obtained model of distribution of favorable conditions for the growth of the species, and the reduction in the number of plants is caused by other reasons.
Damage dynamics of introduced trees from the genus Prunus L. by Eriophyes padi Nal. in the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute
Authors: Lipponen I. N. , Rak N. S.
Published: November 2022

Despite the harsh climatic conditions of growth, introduced bird cherry samples in the collection of the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute (Kirovsk and Apatity, Murmansk region) are quite life-saving highly ornamental flowering and fruiting plants, however, Eriophyes padi Nal. (Phytoptus padi Nal.) has a effect on the preservation of bird cherry plants in the PABSI collection is a bird cherry gall mite that causes the formation of galls on the leaves of the plant, as a result of which the crown loses its decorative effect. However, the plants bloom and bear fruit. The article presents the results of observations of Eriophyes padi Nal., the dynamics of crown damage and leaf blade damage for introduced species of Prunus padus L., P. padus L. ssp. borealis (Schubeler) Cajander, and P padus L. f. colorata Almquist. The greatest proportion of damage is observed in P. padus f. colorata. Regular observations made it possible to note that not for all types of bird cherry plants, gallo formation occurs during leaf growth, as previously assumed. Trial chemical treatments (20192020) by irrigation under the root of affected plants against E. padi - with broad-spectrum drugs “Danadin” and “Aliot” (in a concentration of 0.2 % working solution) and biochemical insecticide “Kleschevit” (1.0 %) reliably indicate the high effectiveness of pesticides: “Aliot” (98 %) against E. padi.
Species diversity of weeds in the territory of Kolpino (St. Petersburg)
Authors: Mysnik E. N.
Published: November 2022

Weeds are an integral part of the flora of any region. The study of the species composition of weeds not only within agroecosystems, but also on the territory of settlements allows you to obtain more complete information about the distribution of different species. The purpose of the study is to identify the species diversity of weeds and its features in the territory of Kolpino (St. Petersburg). New data have been obtained on the species diversity of weeds in the city. The analysis of monitoring data on the surveyed habitats revealed 97 species of weeds from 76 genera and 20 families. Perennial species predominate in life expectancy. A systematic structure of species composition has been established. Nine families predominant in terms of the number of species are distinguished. Calculation of occurrence and assessment of its constancy by classes were carried out. About 2/3 of the identified species have low constancy classes. Groups of 27 dominant and 19 concomitant species were identified. A relationship has been established between the species compositions of weeds in Kolpino and fields of the Leningrad Region - 84% of weeds that dominate the fields of the region are present to varying degrees in the city.
On the features of evolutionary process in plants: diploidization of the genomes and karyotypes
Authors: Rodionov A. V.
Published: November 2022

As estimated by karyosystematists, from 30 to 50 % of land plant species exhibit polyploid karyotypes, respectively, from 50 to 70 % of plants are diploids. One of the mechanisms of diploidization of a neopolyploid karyotype is chromosomal rearrangements leading to a change in the chromosome number in genomes - so-called dysploidy. In parallel with the processes of karyotype diploidization, contributing to it and supplementing it, there are processes of structural and epigenetic diploidization of the genome, the loss of part of the duplicated genes. It may be that the role of genome polyploidy in plant evolution lies primarily in the fact that this ephemeral state is primarily an effective way to destabilize the genome, a source of many new combinations of alleles that pass through a rigid selection sieve and are realized later at the secondary diploid stage. The transition from a polyploid to a diploid state is justified by the fact that neopolyploids cannot provide a high percentage of gametes carring balanced chromosome sets due to problems with chromosome pairing in meiosis I. The mechanisms of transition to strict pairwise chromosome pairing are such that automatically leads to diploidization of both the genome and the karyotype. It is also important that the diploid karyotype provides more stringent, faster, more efficient selection of adaptively important new combinations of alleles, thereby contributing to the accumulation of taxonomically significant traits, speciation, and, as a result, to progressive evolution.
Reconstruction of the dispersal history of Winteraceae R. Br. ex Lindl. according to phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Roslov M. S.
Published: November 2022

Winteraceae family consists of 5 genera that are disjunctly distributed in Madagascar, Australasia, Central and South America. Phylogenetic relationships in Winteraceae were reconstructed using the molecular data (ITS-5.8S rDNA and trnL-trnF sequences). Paleobotanical data indicate the origin of Winteraceae in the north of Gondwana in the Lower Cretaceous. The calibration of the phylogenetic tree with 3 fossil records allowed to estimate the divergence time of Takhtajania at ca. 77 Ma, which correlates with the fragmentation of Eastern Gondwana (ca. 84-95 Ma). The origin of Drimys was caused by the breakup of Antarctica and Australia. Disjunctions in Zygogynum can be explained by several episodes of long-distance dispersal.
Variability in size and shape of polylobed leaf phytoliths in three populations of Dactylis glomerata L.
Authors: Solomonova M. Yu. , Kotov S. D.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of morphometric study of polylobed trapeziform phytoliths of the leaf epidermis of Dactylis glomerata. The relevance of the study lies in the difficulty of establishing the limit of phytolith variability when using morphometry for paleoecological purposes. The studies were performed according to the recommendations of the International Committee for Phytolith Morphometry using the ImageJ software and its PhytolithsBatch plugin. For the first time, the characteristics of the parameters of the size and shape of polylobed trapeziform phytoliths are given. Previously, the study of these particles was not carried out due to their absence in cultivated cereals. The variability of the studied particles within populations and between representatives of individual populations is considered. The length of the phytolith and related indicators are subject to the greatest variability, the width and inscribed radius are the most stable.
Architecture of Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) species of Asia
Authors: Talovskaya E. B.
Published: November 2022

The application of the architectural approach makes it possible to determine the features of the morphological structure of plants and their changes when modeling scenarios of environmental impact on the structure of plants. Using an architectural approach, 56 species from the genus Thymus, distributed in Siberia, Primorsky Region and Central Asia, were analyzed. For the first time, within the framework of this approach, an original method of distinguishing an architectural unit in the structure of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs has been developed. The architectural unit is a branched sympodial axis and has in its composition lateral sympodial axes of n+1 order, formation shoots, branching shoots, ephemerous shoots. It is established that the architectural unit is unchanged in all studied Asian species. The wide distribution of species and their development of contrasting habitat conditions is due to the variety of sympodial axes and shoots that are part of the architectural unit. Depending on the method of axis growth, architectural units with basally and acrosympodially increasing axes are distinguished. They determine the formation of dwarf shrub and dwarf subshrub. According to the direction of growth of the axes, architectural units are distinguished: orthotropic, plagiotropic and mixed type. It has been established that the structure of mature individuals of Thymus is formed due to the repeated repetition of the same or different architectural units. There are 3 variants of the combination of such architectural units in the structure of dwarf shrubs and 4 in the structure of dwarf subshrubs. It is shown that each of the combination variants determines the type of biomorph (monocentric, sparse polycentric, dense polycentric) and depends on the conditions of the ecotope. The revealed modifications of the architectural unit and their combinations determine the development strategy of dwarf shrubs and dwarf subshrubs of Thymus species in the development of Asian conditions.
Peculiarities of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae) cenopopulations under anthropogenic load
Authors: Shabalkina S. V. , Perestoronina O. N.
Published: November 2022

Studies of the biological characteristics of rare and vulnerable species of the Orchidaceae Juss family, to which Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo belongs, continue to be significant and relevant. The study of the structure of populations of such species in the territories of various nature management contributes to the assessment of their condition, the identification of the specifics of life, the development of measures for protection and restoration. The purpose of this work is to characterize some organismal parameters and the ontogenetic structure of D. incarnata roenopopulations (CP) in two habitats of the city of Kirov subjected to anthropogenic impact. The surveyed CPs are located in forb-grass communities overgrown with woody plants, the herbage of which is dominated by Poaceae species. When assessing the biotope conditions, the deviation of most soil factors from optimal ones was revealed. Immature, virginal and generative individuals are distinguished in the ontogenetic spectrum. The analysis of most parameters showed that the individuals CP of the Kirov sity have close morphomet-ric values with those given in the literature for other parts of the range and natural habitats. Generative individuals are higher here, the length of inflorescences and the number of flowers are greater, while the length of the lower leaf is shorter with equal or lesser width. CPs are few in number, the structure is normal incomplete: in CP 1 with a peak on generative individuals, in CP 2 - on immature and virginal ones; seed regeneration is suppressed. According to the “delta-omega” classification, CP 1 -is maturing, CP 2 - is young. In order to resume a steady full turnover of generations, increase the number and preserve the CP, it is necessary not only to regulate the anthropogenic load, but also to maintain moderate land use after fruit ripening.
Ethnobotany and traditional medicine in the Pamir
Authors: Kurbonbekova Sh. Sh.
Published: November 2022

The article describes diversity of medicinal plants of the Pamir and their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of bone diseases - rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis, radiculitis, bone fracture and others. Mainly, degenerative processes, cartilage tissue destruction or inflammation lead to these health issues. The research shows that more than 20 medicinal plants of the Pamir are widely used in ethno medicine as therapeutic agents for the above mentioned problems. Such plants like Chenopodium rubrum, Berberis iliensis, Equisetum arvense, Nepeta glutinosa, Artemisia sieversianus etc, some of which widely distributed in the Pamir, contain bioactive components that helpful for bone diseases. The eth-nobotanical studies helped us to show the value of these plants in traditional medicine of the Pamir. Based on the results, we recommend the plants for the further pharmacognostic and pharmacologic research as source of therapeutic agents and identification their potential for future use in medicine.
MEDIDAS MITIGADORAS PARA FRAGMENTAÇÕES FLORESTAIS: O CASO DE SÃO JOSÉ DO RIO PRETO, SP
Authors: De Melo Silas Nogueira
Published: November 2022

O trabalho disserta sobre o histórico do uso e ocupação do solo na região de São José do Rio Preto e sobre a fauna (com prioridade aos vertebrados) e a flora remanescente. Após o levantamento desses dados, foi levantada uma discussão acerca dos efeitos da fragmentação florestal, causada pelo histórico de ocupação da região, sobre a fauna e a flora silvestre e quais as possíveis medidas podem ser tomadas visando à conservação dos ecossistemas que ainda resistem.