bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views of providers and clients on feedback and benefit sharing in studies using biological materials in Eldoret Kenya
Authors: Naanyu Violet , Kamaara Eunice , Kirui Alfred , Koros Hillary , Lagat Daniel , Ilina Singh , Kwobah Edith Kamaru , Atwoli Lukoye
Published: July 2023

Abstract Context: The use of biological materials raises diverse ethical concerns and there is insufficient research into the views of stakeholders on these concerns.  Aims: This study investigated healthcare providers’ (HCPs) and clients’ perspectives on giving feedback about biological samples that are used in research and sharing of subsequent benefits.  Settings and Design: Using a qualitative in-depth interviewing approach, this study investigated perspectives on feedback and benefit sharing in studies using biological materials. We engaged HCPs (doctors, clinical officers, nurses, and laboratory technicians) and clients from the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya.  Methods and Material: Vignettes and open-ended questions were used, and all sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, then coded and summarized thematically.  Results: We found no substantive differences between the perspectives of HCPs and clients. Participants desired that sample donors were provided with feedback and support for their healthcare. Community-level feedback and initiation of health development projects were viewed as valuable. Participants lauded the global dissemination of findings and sharing of benefits ensuing from the research.  Conclusions: Healthcare providers and clients in Eldoret Kenya appreciate the use of biological materials in research. They believe in feedback and benefit sharing at individual and community levels, and in broad dissemination of the research findings. All research stakeholders should be encouraged to plan and implement contextualized dissemination of research findings. In addition, feedback on research findings and equitable benefit sharing should be strengthened. Key-words: Biological material, research ethics, research benefits, in-depth interviews, Kenya
Estimación holística del riesgo sísmico utilizando sistemas dinámicos complejos
Authors:   , Cardona Arboleda Omar Dario
Published: July 2023

The present research commences with a revision of the concepts of hazard, vulnerability, and risk. This is a basic requirement for the construction of the theoretical framework herein developed. A revision of commonly used concepts is offered in order to identify gaps and fine-tune definitions that will help in the search to offer a coherent and integrated theoretical framework. Approaches developed in the natural, applied, and social sciences are discussed and a criticism of these is offered. It is argued that conceptual fragmentation and inconsistency have been two of the reasons why risk reduction has been in good part unsuccessful in a large number of countries. The lack of an adequate conceptual basis has impeded adequate interventions.
Risk is understood in terms of potentially dangerous events and the vulnerability of exposed social elements. This type of analysis is linked into decision-making processes, and the difficulties associated with the implementation of risk reduction public policies are made explicit. Inherent uncertainty and reductionist approaches help explain this problem. Moreover, factors such as risk perception of decision-makers; legal contexts that impede preventive actions, and the general problem of levels of risk tolerance and acceptability also come into play.
The traditional approach to evaluating urban seismic risk is revised. This involves a consideration of the physical effects and damage to be expected in exposed elements under determined seismic conditions. Modern techniques for seismic vulnerability estimates and knowledge in the area of loss and damage are summarized. And, the better approach to physical urban seismic risk evaluation from the perspective of the author is provided.
A coherent and consistent conceptual risk model is provided based on complex non-lineal dynamic systems theory. This allows an explanation of the concept of crisis, instability and adaptability relating this to the concepts of disaster, vulnerability, risk and prevention. Urban centres are seen as complex dynamic systems. Two holistic urban seismic risk-modeling techniques are then proposed. The first methodology is based on relative indicators using hierarchical and pairwise analytical processes. The second methodology employs neural networks and fuzzy sets approaches. The two methodologies take into account the physical, economic, social and institutional variables, which allow a multidisciplinary approach to seismic risk assessment. The methods are subsequently employed in the estimation of seismic risk in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.
Finally, a risk management strategy is proposed as a planning tool, and a global proposal is made for facing collective risk, which is a clearly significant contemporary technical and social problem. Recommendations are made, as regards needed future studies and research.
Un modelo elastoplástico para suelos no saturados
Authors:   , Josa Garcia-Tornel Alejandro
Published: July 2023

El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis ha sido la elaboración de un modelo elastoplástico para suelos no saturados. Con este fin se ha recopilado resultados experimentales descritos en diversas referencias y se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio utilizando un equipo triaxial hidráulico automatizado específicamente desarrollado para este caso. Los ensayos se han llevado a cabo con un caolín de baja plasticidad y con una mezcla de este caolín y una arcilla expansiva. Las trayectorias tensionales seguidas han incluido diferentes subtramos en los que se han variado según el caso la tensión esférica la succión y la tensión de corte. Entre los aspectos estudiados en estos ensayos se pueden resaltar la dependencia del estado del suelo con la trayectoria tensional seguida los colapsos e hinchamientos del suelo al variar la succión los estados de sobre consolidación producidos ante incrementos de la tensión esférica y de la succión las leyes mas adecuadas para modelar la variación del volumen especifico y los estados de rotura.
A partir del conjunto de resultados experimentales obtenidos se ha elaborado un modelo elastoplástico que reproduce los comportamientos característicos de suelos no saturados. Este modelo consta de tres superficies de fluencia con sus respectivas leyes de fluencia y de rigidización. Aplicando este modelo se han comparado sus predicciones con algunos de los resultados experimentales obtenidos en esta tesis y con otros procedentes de varias referencias habiéndose comprobado una correcta correlación.
Elementos de ordenación urbana
Authors: Esteban i Noguera Juli
Published: July 2023

Elementos de ordenación urbana, publicado por vez primera en 1980, pretendre proporcionar un fácil acceso a los conceptos e instrumentos de la ordenación urbanística. El balance de sus tres ediciones anteriores ha sido plenamente satisfactorio en este sentido. El contenido del libro se articula en tres partes: en la primera se ponen de relieve las características del proceso urbanístico, en la segunda se explican la naturaleza y el alcance de la ordenación urbanística y en la tercera se tratan los aspectos instrumentales de dicha ordenación. Puesto que la presente es una edición facsímil de la de 1980, se ha incorporado una introducción explicativa del sentido de esta reedición, así como un capítulo adicional que trata de los cambios legales que se han producido en algunas materias.
الجزائر بين ثنائية إمدادات الغاز والأمن الغذائي في ظل تداعيات الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية: قراءة في أبعاد التأثير والتأثر
Authors: محمد الامين بن عودة
Published: July 2023

يحاول هذا البحث دراسة وتحليل الأوضاع السياسية والإقتصادية التي فرضتها تبعات وتداعيات الحرب الروسية على أوكرانيا، وذلك بالتركيز على السياسة المنتهجة من طرف الحكومة الجزائرية، خاصةً فيما تعلّق بالتوجهات الحكومية والرؤى الرسمية الرامية للتموقع بين طرفي الصراع بالقارة الأوروبية، بالتأكيد على جدلية الدور المحتمل للجزائر في سوق الغاز الأوروبي باعتبارها ثالث أكبر مورد للقارة، وكذا لحاجتها المستمر لصادرات دول القارة الأوروبية من المواد الغذائية، وقد توصل البحث إلى أنّ الجزائر وبالرغم من تأكيدها على شراكتها الدائمة لروسيا الإتحادية، إلا أنها بقيت على مسافة واحدة بين أطراف الصراع بالقارة.
الأمـن القـومـي العـربـي وإستـراتيجيـات المـواجهـة ( دراسـة فـي ضـوء الاخطـار والتهـديـدات )
Authors: صلاح مهدي هادي
Published: July 2023

يواجه الأمن القومي العربي في المرحلة الراهنة الكثير من التحديات والمخاطر والتهديدات التي تكمن في عوامل أساسية، كل هذه العوامل تدفعنا الى تشخيص الحالة عبر دراستها وتحليلها من أجل تحديد العلاج في رسم ووضع إستراتيجية شاملة للتعامل مع المخاطر المحتملة والقائمة، بما يضمن استمرار الأمة ووجودها في هذا البحر المتلاطم من الاخطار، التي تستهف الدول العربية، ومن ثم الأمة العربية بكاملها حضارة وشعباً ودولاً. ومن هنا تم تقسيم الدراسة إلى أربعة محاور أساسية، إذ تناول المحـور الأول : الأمـن القـومـي العـربـي ( المفهـوم والمحـددات والابعـاد ). ويتناول المحـور الثـانـي: مـراحـل تطور مفهـوم الأمـن القـومـي العـربـي. في حين يتناول المحـور الثـالـث: الاخطـار والتهـديـدات لـلأمـن القـومـي العـربـي، وأخيراً تناول المحـور الـرابـع: إستـراتيجيـات المـواجهـة، وخاتمة.
Arduino como herramienta para la enseñanza de la programación básica
Authors: Partida López Georgina Elizabeth , Hernandez Mendez Juan Luis , Aguilar Ventura Diego Alberto , Enriquez Peña Gabriel
Published: July 2023

Hoy en día las nuevas generaciones están inmersas en la tecnología, los estudiantes de ingenierías se interesan en temas como domótica, IoT y TICs, por lo que es necesario lograr que profundicen en la programación para que con el resto de sus conocimientos disciplinares de acuerdo a su programa académico sean productores de tecnología y no solo consumidores, en esta investigación se pretende demostrar que el uso de Arduino sirve para relacionar la programación con un entorno físico desarrollando proyectos tangibles propiciando el interés y un aprendizaje más duradero, para ello se realizó un muestreo de 265 estudiantes  de los Programas Académicos de Control y Computación e Ingeniería Mecánica de la Unidad Académica de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías donde se tomó como muestra representativa el 37.73% lo cual corresponde a 100 estudiantes de ambos programas.
Dostarlimab (Jemperli) for Endometrial Cancer
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: July 2023

The FDA has granted regular approval to dostarlimabgxly (Jemperli – GSK), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, for treatment of adults with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer that has progressed on or following a prior platinum-containing regimen in any setting and who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation.
Dosing Recommendations for Novavax and Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: July 2023

Dosing Recommendations for Novavax and Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccines
Comparison Table: Triptans for Migraine
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: July 2023

Comparison Table: Triptans for Migraine
When Children Die, What Can Theater Do?
Authors: Kapur Jyotsna ,   Eastern Illinois University
Published: July 2023

At the height of the Nazi Holocaust in 1942, children in an orphanage in the Warsaw Ghetto performed Rabindranath Tagore’s 1912 play Dak Ghar (The Post Office). They were in the care of Janusz Korczak, a socialist, pedia­trician, and one of the world’s first child rights advocates. The play centers on a young boy, Amal, who is confined in quarantine and on his death bed. This article attempts to understand why Korczak may have chosen Dak Ghar and how this play may have resonated in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he confronts two painful questions: is there anything worse than death? And, how to prepare children for death? This essay draws on Walter Benjamin’s concept of play, Han Jonas’s concept of eternity, Tagore’s expansive sense of humanity, and Korczak’s philosophy of child rights to argue the following: that in choosing a play from another time and place, Korczak empowers the children of the Warsaw orphanage to experience the radical unity of all humanity as inhabitants of this earth—and our arts as a way to transcend the boundaries of space and time. In consequence, the children may have tasted eternity through a play and memorialized in community that which would be denied by the Nazis—their deaths and, thus, their existence.
Analisis Prediksi Penjualan Sayuran Hidroponik Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5 pada PT Batam Indo Agri Perkasa
Authors: Tukino Tukino
Published: July 2023

Penjualan dapat dianggap sebagai pusat bisnis di bidang pemasaran, di mana tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mendapatkan keuntungan agar bisnis dapat berkembang dan bertahan di masa depan. Dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis global yang semakin ketat, banyak perusahaan yang mengandalkan berbagai kegiatan penjualan untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas mereka. Namun, masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh dunia usaha saat ini adalah ketidakseimbangan antara penawaran dan permintaan barang. Terlalu banyak permintaan dapat menyebabkan kekurangan stok, sementara terlalu sedikit permintaan dapat menyebabkan kelebihan stok yang tidak diinginkan. PT Batam Indo Agri Perkasa mengalami kesulitan dalam memprediksi stok Sayuran Hidroponik yang akan habis karena banyaknya pembeli dan variasi selera konsumen. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan perlu mengembangkan sistem prediksi penjualan Sayuran Hidroponik dengan mengidentifikasi permintaan tertinggi dari konsumen. Dengan demikian, perusahaan dapat merencanakan persediaan stok Sayuran Hidroponik secara efektif dan menginformasikan produk yang paling diminati oleh konsumen.Sebagai perusahaan yang baik, PT Batam Indo Agri Perkasa memiliki tujuan jangka panjang untuk mencapai perkembangan yang positif di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, sistem prediksi penjualan Sayuran Hidroponik dapat menjadi strategi yang sangat membantu dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut dengan meningkatkan stabilitas usaha dan keuntungan
Evaluasi Model Decision Tree Pada Keputusan Kelayakan Kredit
Authors: Arnomo Sasa Ani , Fajrin Alfannisa Annurrullah , Siyamto Yuli , Sadikin Siti Fairuz Nur
Published: July 2023

Penentuan kelayakan kredit seringkali tidak akurat, sehingga menghasilkan skor kredit yang rendah karena kesalahan marketing saat melakukan analisis. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis data pemohon kredit pinjaman menggunakan klasifikasi data mining yakni algoritma C4.5 dengan menggunakan beberapa atribut diantaranya pekerjaan, karakter, pendapatan, plafond pinjaman, dan jaminan yang akan dihitung dengan perhitungan manual dan perhitungan software weka untuk mempermudah uji kelayakam pemberian kredit pinjaman dalam mendapatkan hasil yang akurat dan cepat. Tingkat akurasi yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 98% sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini dapat membantu dan mendukung dalam mengambil keputusan layak dan tidak layak dalam pemberian kredit pinjaman cepat dan efektif.
Urgensitas Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam Menjalin Hubungan Inklusif Masyarakat di Kota Mataram
Authors: Hazani Dewi Chandra
Published: July 2023

This inclusive relationship between religious adherents in the City of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara must continue to be built so that people always get along harmoniously in the diversity of cultures and religions they adhere to. The purpose of this study is to find out how important intercultural communication must be built in the cultural and religious diversity that exists in the city of Mataram. This type of descriptive qualitative research uses a phenomenological approach, namely trying to understand the meaning of a human event through interviews. The data sources in this study are primary data sources and secondary data sources. Collection methods are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the importance of intercultural communication in urban life is to create inclusive relationships between religious adherents in the city of Mataram whose population is balanced between Hindus, Muslims and Christians based on openness and mutually associative processes both celebrating holidays such as Nyepi, Christmas, Eid, Eid al-Adha and Weddings. In social interaction, the community uses primary communication to create harmony in society and uses linear communication which tends to use persuasive communication in changing people's attitudes and behavior as expected by religious leaders, community leaders, government and all stakeholders and stakeholders. The implication of this research is the importance of communication that must continue to be built in inclusive relationships between religious adherents in the city of Mataram, which used to be a step event, now it tends to be easy to fulfill due to communication, awareness and willingness of the community to build fraternal relations characterized by primary communication. and linear. In other words, the two models of communication tend to be humanist which is an investment or provision in creating interfaith brotherhood relations. Therefore, it is hoped that the city government, religious leaders and all stakeholders will continue to maintain inclusive and peaceful relations between religious communities.
Evaluation of proximate composition, selected minerals and physicochemical properties of fifteen local mchare cooking bananas
Authors:   , Dotto Joachim
Published: July 2023

This study investigated the proximate composition, selected minerals potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) and some physicochemical properties of fifteen Mchare cooking bananas mainly consumed in northern Tanzania. Analyses were conducted using the standard methods to ascertain their potential in food-based strategies in order to improve nutritionsensitive agriculture, address hidden-hunger. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared. There were significant differences in all parameters assessed. Results further indicated that the moisture content ranged from 65.53 to 74.44 g/100 g; ash 0.66 to 1.45 g/100 g; fat 0.1 to 0.6 g/100 g; fibre 0.9 to 2.8 g/100 g; carbohydrate 21.6 to 30 g/100 g. Mineral content ranged from 306 to 469 mg/100 g; 2.6 to 6 mg/100 g; 0.4 to 0.8 mg/100 g and 0.1 to 0.2 mg/100 g for K, Ca, Fe and Zn, indicating potential nutritional significance. The total titratable acidity (TTA) ranged from 1.5 to 2.3%, total soluble solids (TSS) 1.0 to 2.0 °Brix while pH ranged from 5.4 to 6.0 suggesting a substantial contribution to the sensory attributes of bananas, which is an important sensory attribute to consumers. Cooking bananas could, therefore, play a key role in contributing to alleviating hidden-hunger and food insecurity through developing new food recipes.
Assessment of risk factors and prevalence of campylobacter and salmonella in chickens under different production systems
Authors:   , Sindiyo Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

The human population growth and increased urbanization in Tanzania, stimulates emerging of new livestock systems with variable intensification levels. In poultry production, traditional free-range backyard farming is now complemented by a range of intensive production systems. Intensification of poultry production may result in opportunities and threats with regards to food safety, e.g. in contamination of poultry with food borne pathogens such as Campylobacter species or non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) species. The aim was to conduct cross sectional study across ten wards of Arusha district, northern Tanzania to assess risk factors and prevalence of these pathogens in emerging poultry production systems. Semi-quantitative analysis of chicken production systems with emphasis on biosecurity, health management practices and prevalence of food borne pathogens was done from September 2016 to January 2017. Interviews were conducted with 40 farmers, with equal representation of 4 production systems, 255 and 386 birds were screened for cloacae shedding of Campylobacter and NTS species respectively. Farm level prevalence of Campylobacter and NTS species was 57.7% (15/26) and 15% (6/40), respectively. Differences were observed between farms with regards to implementation of biosecurity and health management practices as well as use of extension services. By contrast, prevalence of food borne pathogens was not farm-type specific, indicating that it is driven by other risk factors. Moreover, Multiple Component Analysis showed that risk factors associated with Campylobacter prevalence differ from those associated with Salmonella. Results can be used to inform on-farm food safety practices and the use of extension services, from all stake holders.
Evaluation of in vivo toxicity properties of commiphora campestris
Authors:   , Nyunza Furaha Godfrey
Published: July 2023

Commiphora campestris leaves and stem bark are used by Pare society for management of infectious diseases, therefore this research evaluated in vivo toxicity of C. campestris. The leaves and stem bark were pulverized, sequentially extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and stored at -20°C. Three groups of mice (n=5/group/sex) were given oral dose of C. campestris extracts at 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg. Clinical changes, body weight, mortality, relative organ weight, hematology and histopathological changes were recorded after 14 days. LD50 (424 mg/kg) was calculated by Lorke method. In acute tests mice showed behavioral changes, mortalities in both sexes given leaf methanolic, stem chloroform, stem ethyl acetate and stem methanol extract. Significant increase in hematological parameters (p>0.05) for males given leaf chloroform, stem ethyl acetate, stem chloroform extract and decrease in leaf methanolic, stem bark ethyl acetate and stem bark methanolic extract (p<0.05). Female mice that were given leaf chloroform and leaf ethyl acetate extract showed significant increase in hematology and decrease to those received leaf methanol, stem chloroform, stem ethyl acetate and stem methanol extract (p>0.05). In histopathology, kidneys showed increased glomerural space and distended liver sinusoids. In sub acute toxicity test, rats were given C. campestris extracts at doses 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight, relative organ weight, biochemical, hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were determined. No mortality was recorded. Biochemical tests showed significant increase (p<0.05) in liver enzymes, hematological parameters and histological changes were distended liver sinusoids and kidney glomerural space. This study concludes that in acute toxicity study the extracts caused mortalities while in sub-acute toxicity study no mortalities were recorded and there was reduction in cholesterol levels indicating extracts antilipidemic effect, however more research to validate safety doses in humans is still needed.
Analysis of plasma biomarkers and their association with treatment response in patients with tuberculosis
Authors:   , Mvungi Happiness Cornel
Published: July 2023

Human tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the result of the failure of host immune system to control mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to analyze and associate plasma biomarkers that can be used in monitoring treatment in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients before and after the use of anti-TB therapy. Multiple cytokine responses in active tuberculosis (TB) patients were investigated in this study following anti-TB drug therapy after 2 months. Ninety-six participants with pulmonary TB were engaged in the study between May 2018 and October 2018. Samples of blood were taken early before treatment at 0 and 2 months after using anti-TB therapy. The levels of interferon-gamma (IFN)-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in whole blood plasma collected from the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus were measured. Compared with baseline levels, TNF-α, IL6 and IL10 were significantly lower following treatment whereas the IFN-γ and IL-4 increased significantly after treatment. The responses of five cytokines varied significantly after treatment (P < 0.0001) where IFN-γ was highest compared to other cytokines with 123.6%, AUC=0.757and P < 0001, TNF-α AUC = 0.529 and P = 0.743, IL-4 AUC = 0.557 and P = 0.514, IL-6 AUC = 0.629 and P = 0.047, IL-10 AUC = 0.549 and P =0.581. It was concluded that changes of cytokines that observed during the treatment of TB patients play a very important role in monitoring pulmonary TB and can be suitable biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of anti-TB therapy in patients with TB.
Determination of source-to-consumption waterhandling chains and their implications on water quality and human health in Babati town, Manyara, Tanzania
Authors:   , Tesha Irene Prosper
Published: July 2023

Water safety is an important aspect in human health as it tends to decrease mobidity and mortality of infectious diseases that affect human populations. Improvements of water handling chains in rapidly urbanizing areas can contribute to inform policy and plans on sanitation and hygiene in these cities of tomorrow. A cross sectional study was conducted to obtain data on water handling and water storage practices done by communities in a northeastern town of Babati, Manyara Region in Tanzania. Using a stratified random sampling technique, water samples were taken from the common sources of water as well as from the downstream points in a given water handling chain. Water samples were collected in triplicate to test for two organisms (faecal coliforms, and Salmonella typhi. Descriptive and analytical tests (t-test and anova) were used to determine whether contamination levels differed among the chains. The main source of drinking water in Babati town is ground water. Five major sources of water were identified and consisted of wells, rivers, ponds, springs and lake. There were 4 reservoirs and 10 distribution points serving the 37 studied households. Three water-handling chains/patterns are characteristic of Babati town and consisted of: untreated source (untrS) to treated reservoir (trR) and finally to households (HH) abbreviated as ‘untrS2trR2HH’; untreated source (untrS) to untreated reservoir (untrR) and finally to households (HH) abbreviated as ‘untrS2untrR2HH’; and untreated source (untrS) straight to households (HH) abbreviated as ‘untrS2HH’. The number of users in these three chains was not statistically different (p = 0.5226) meaning that more or less all people in Babati source their waters from all the chains. The most contaminated chain was the one involving the untreated source to households. Most households (83%) did not treat the water they use for drinking making those using the untreated source to household chain (untrS2HH) most vulnerable to water-borne diseases. Comparison of education and usage of storage containers revealed that people who were educated were also not cleaning their storage container with water (p=0.01). Knowledge of unique water-handling chain from this study is an important tool in understanding the epidemiology and focusing the control of water-borne diseases in Babati town and in similar fast-growing small towns.
Managing aflatoxin – producing fungi using indigenous atoxigenic strains of aspergillus species in groundnut in Mtwara region, Tanzania
Authors:   , Mfaume Juma
Published: July 2023

The present study was conducted from January to October 2018 in Mnanje, Mpeta and Naliendele villages to determine aflatoxin levels in dried groundnut kernels, to identify toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus section Flavi from soil samples and to test the effect of atoxigenic strains against aflatoxin-producing fungi in groundnut. Isolation of fungi was done on MRBA and AFPA media and analysis of aflatoxin levels in groundnut was conducted using HPLC. The results showed that, there was significant differences (p < 0.05) in total aflatoxins level between groundnut samples. Eleven (24.4%) out of 45 samples had aflatoxin levels above the Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority’s standard (10 μg/kg). Total aflatoxin contamination levels ranged from higher i.e. 5.86 to 16.81 μg/kg at Mnanje village to lowest at Mpeta village (0.05 to 15.02 μg/kg). The results also indicated that 20.4% of the fungal composition in soil samples were toxigenic strains while 79.5% were atoxigenic implying that these strains can be exploited for biological control to mitigate aflatoxin contamination risks in groundnuts. This was proved through the study that also indicated that total aflatoxin levels in groundnut kernel samples were lower in atoxigenic treated groundnut plots than in controls plots. Thus, there is need to conduct further studies involving a wide geographical location on testing the efficiency of the atoxigenic strains identified in this study for further characterization and formulation of a bio-control against aflatoxin producing- fungi in Tanzania.
Constraints Interaction in the Syllabification in Olusuba
Authors: Sande Walter Ochieng
Published: July 2023

This paper analyses the syllable structure of Olusuba. In the syllabification in Olusuba, just as in other languages, a principle of well-formedness is factored in by the speakers of the language through their use of brain faculties responsible for language formation and use. Well-formedness is understood to be a by-product of competing universal constraints – the constraints outdo their counterparts in the ranking, which is language specific, in the formation of an output. The job of constraint is, therefore, is to block all except the correct output. My analysis of syllabification in Olusuba is couched within the constraint interaction, a tenet of the Optimality Theory (OT) by Prince and Smolensky (2004). Data for analysis was collected through audio-recording of continuous speeches in natural settings. Audio-recorded speeches were then played back and transcribed using phonemic mode of transcription. From the transcript a corpus construct was made. The construct was a list of Olusuba words. Three native speakers of Olusuba were at different moments instructed to read naturally the words constituting the corpus construct by taking a breath word after word. The analysis of the data was descriptively done within the framework of OT’s principle of well-formedness which is grounded on constraint interaction. The findings of this study indicate that other than the universal syllable structure CV, Olusuba displays other syllable patterns formed from competing Universal Grammar (UG) representational constraints. Findings for this study give an insight to the morphophonological structure of Olusuba words; enable linguists understand internal structure of Olusuba syllables and enlighten linguists on phonotactic constraints behind syllabification of Olusuba words.
Evaluation of College of Nursing Affiliates’ Knowledge about Lung Cancer and its Relationship with Smoking
Authors: Almallah Nawar , Al Alwan Nada , Al Attar Wafa , Hassoun Thamera
Published: July 2023

Objective: To evaluate knowledge towards smoking and its relationship with lung cancer among members ofBaghdad Nursing College.Methodology: The study comprised 100 affiliates from the College of Nursing/ University of Baghdad thatincluded students, teaching staff and employees. All data was collected through a structured questionnaireprepared by the National Cancer Research Center which were answered during a scientific symposiumorganized by the center on lung Cancer Awareness in March 2016.The data were analyzed by using the SPSS,version 22Results: The age of the respondents ranged from (19-64 years); 76% were females and only 4% were smokers.The results showed that the mean score for the level of knowledge was 65%. The correlation coefficientbetween the response and the occupation was 0.03. Twenty-two percent of the participants were of averagegrade while 20% of the responses were of acceptable level. The calculated rates for scores good, very good andexcellent responses were for 18%, 12% and 10% respectively. It was displayed that 41% expressed interest toparticipate in the awareness campaign under the supervision of the National Cancer Research Program; femalesexpressed a desire for charity more than males (74%).Recommendations: To promote public awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco and the importance ofpreventing smoking, highlighting its relationship with lung cancer and other malignant diseases. NonGovernmental organization should collaborate with the health and educational institutions to raise the level ofknowledge among the Iraqi society
Assessment of Risk Factors among Renal FailurePatients in Baghdad Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jawad Ahmed , Okab Ammar
Published: July 2023

Objective(s): To identify the relationship between demographic characteristics of patients with renalfailure and to find out the relationship between some risk factors like (family history, alcohol drinking,smoking and chronic disease) with renal failure patients.Methodology: Case control study design was carried out in order to achieve the objectives of thestudy by using the assessment technique in Baghdad teaching hospital from March 5th, 2017 to October10th, 2017, The sample was (cases & control) sample, present study include 200 cases, 100 was casestudy the patient who entered in Baghdad teaching hospital, while another 100 was control study. Thedata was collected by interview questionnaire including the purpose of study by the investigator and thedata obtained through face to face. Data was analyzed that of case control study including (frequency,percent, odds ratio and confidence interval). Therefore, discriminating analysis was performed,discriminating analysis was performed, with the level of significant set at P ≤ 0.05.Results: Results presented that 30.5% of study was having acute renal failure, and highly statisticalsignificant association between the items related to the Family history of renal failure and with groups(cases and control).Recommendations: The study recommended that increase awareness about the health risks of renalfailure through educational programs and seminars and the provision of modern equipment andmedicines that help diagnosis and treatment
أثر التمكين النفسي للممرضين على مناخ التنظيمي في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في محافظة كركوك
Authors: Jummha Kamal J. Ameen
Published: July 2023

المستخلص

الأهداف: قياس مستوى التمكين النفسي بين الممرضين من وجهة نظرهم, وتحديد الفروقات الاحصائية في التمكين النفسي للممرضين من حيث العمر, الجنس, مستوى التخرج, وسنوات العمل.

منهجية البحث: دراسة وصفية تحليلية أجريت على الممرضين في وحدات الصحة النفس-اجتماعية في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في محافظة كركوك لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة. تم اختيار عينة قصدية من (84) ممرض وممرضة, وجمع البيانات المطلوبة من خلال طريقة التقرير الذاتي للفترة من 25 أغسطس إلى 10 أكتوبر 2022 ، بالاعتماد على استبانة الدراسة, المكونة من جزئين, المتغيرات الاجتماعية والديموغرافية ، ومقياس التمكين النفسي (PES). التي يتركب من أربعة أبعاد (المعنى ، الكفاءة ، تقرير المصير ، والتأثير). تم تحديد صلاحية المحتوى للأداة من خلال فريق من الخبراء لمراجعة وضوح الاستبيان ومدى ملاءمة الأداة. يعتمد تحديد مصداقية الاستبيان على موثوقية Cronbach alpha ؛ معامل الارتباط (0.769). تم تحليل البيانات وتفسيرها من خلال (SPSS) الإصدار 26.0. البيانات الوصفية من خلال تحديد: التكرار, النسبة المئوية, متوسط الدرجة, والانحراف المعياري. نهج تحليل البيانات الإحصائية الاستنتاجية: يستخدم من خلال تطبيق اختبار t المستقل وتحليل التباين (ANOVA) ، لتحديد الفروق المهمة في التمكين النفسي بين الممرضين فيما يتعلق بالمتغيرات الاجتماعية والديموغرافية.

النتائج: أوجدت نتائج الدراسة ان 66.7٪ من الممرضين مرتبطين بمستوى عالٍ من التمكين النفسي، وهناك فرق كبير في التمكين النفسي العام فيما يتعلق بالفئة العمرية ما بين (50-59) سنة للممرضين, ومع ذلك هناك فرق كبير عالي في التمكين النفسي العام فيما يتعلق بسنوات العمل لديهم ما بين (6-10) سنوات.

الاستنتاجات: خلصت النتائج إلى أن الممرضين الذين أكبر سنا، والذين لديهم سنوات العمل من 6 إلى 10 في وحدات الصحة النفس- اجتماعية يتمتعون بتمكين نفسي أعلى من غيرهم.

التوصيات: أوصت الدراسة باستبقاء طاقم التمريض العاملين في وحدات الصحة النفس-اجتماعية ، حفاظاً على الخبرة والرغبة في العمل بهذه الوحدات ، بالإضافة إلى إجراء مسوحات منتظمةعلى الملاكات للكشف عن مستوى التمكين النفسي العالي، ومنح المتميزين منهم الحوافز والمكافآت.

الكلمات المفتاحية: تقييم ، الممرضين, التمكين النفسي
تقييم العادات الغذائية للمراهقات المصابات بفقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد في مدارس كركوك الثانوية
Authors: Ezaldeen Alkasab Hadeel
Published: July 2023

الاهداف: تقييم عادات الأكل للمراهقات المصابات بفقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد.

منهجية البحث: تم استخدام البحث الكمي و تصميم التقييم الوصفي في هذه الدراسة ، أجريت الدراسة على الطالبات المراهقات الملتحقات بمدارس كركوك الثانوية في الفترة من 11 نيسان2022 حتى 27 كانون الأول 2022. تم تطبيق عينة غير احتمالية (هادفة) للحصول على أهداف الدراسة . وبلغت عينة الدراسة (62) طالبة شاركت في الدراسة.

النتائج: كشفت نتائج الاختبار الأولي من الدراسة أن) 54.8٪( من الطالبات لديهم فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد معتدل. في حين عادت مستويات الحديد لدى الطالبات إلى طبيعتها في الاختبار البعدي (53.2٪). غالبية الطالبات (59.7٪) لديهم عادات غذائية سيئة في وقت الاختبار القبلي. بينما يوجد نمط غذائي صحي في الاختبار اللاحق (66.1٪). غالبية الطالبات (80.6٪) يعانون من الصداع ، (82.3٪) لديهم دورة شهرية تتراوح أعمارهم بين 13 و 14 عامًا ، و (29٪) لديهم تاريخ مرضي لمرض فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد. الاستنتاجات:)59.7٪) من الطالبات لديهم نمط غذائي سيء. وجدت هذه الدراسة أن معظم المشاركين (طالبات المراهقات) يمكنهم تحديد الأطعمة التي تحتوي على الحديد ، لكنهم يفتقرون إلى المدخول المناسب من الحديد ، بسبب عادات الأكل والنمط الغذائي.التوصيات: مطلوب المزيد من الجهود والحلول المبتكرة لتطوير وتنفيذ برامج للوقاية من فقر الدم الناجم عن نقص الحديد ومكافحته. برامج التثقيف الغذائي
Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge About Chest Physiotherapy Techniques for Patients With Corona Virus Disease
Authors: Yassen Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective(s): A descriptive study aimed to determine nurses' knowledge about chest physiotherapy techniques for patients with Corona virus disease and observe the relationship between nurses' knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristics.

Methodology: The study was directed in isolation units of Al- Hussein teaching hospitals in Thi-Qar, Iraq for the period from June 1st,  2022 to November 27th, 2022. Non- probability (purposively) sample comprised 41 nurses. A questionnaire was used for data collection and it consists of two parts: the first part comprises socio demographic features, the second part includes self- administered questionnaire sheet was related to nurses' knowledge about chest physiotherapy techniques. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was firm through a pilot study and a panel of (13) experts. The data was analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods. Data were analyzed by using (SPSS) package version 25. Descriptive data through used frequency, percentage, mean of score, standard deviation, also ANOVA and T. test, used  to define the relationship between Socio-demographic features and nurses' knowledge.

Results: The results of the study demonstrate that the majority of the study sample are within the age group of (20-30) years, females, married, have Bachelor in nursing, working for 6-12 hours, with 1 to 5 years of experience, and 56.1% (23/41) who did not participate in training sessions related to COVID-19. Also nurses' knowledge were inadequate, where the assessment shows a clear fail in all answers for 20 questions regarding chest physiotherapy techniques for patient with COVID-19.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the nurses' knowledge toward chest physiotherapy techniques for patients with COVID-19 is inadequate during assessment, also there is not statistical relationship between the nurses' knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics.

Recommendations:  The study recommend for the conduction of health intervention program to raise nurses' knowledge and skills about chest physiotherapy techniques for patients with COVID-19.
An Instruction Program for Residents of Geriatric-Care Homes about Personal Hygiene in Al Cyelakh Geriatric Care Home
Authors: Rose Ali
Published: July 2023

Objective(s):        The study aims to evaluate the information of the elderly about personal hygiene , and to find out the relationship between residents of geriatric-care homes knowledge and their demographic characteristics .
Methodology:      A quasi-experimental design study is conducted at geriatric home  in Al Cyelakh  Geriatric Care Home. The study was started at between November 20, 2021, and March 1, 2023. randomly sample of (30) elderly  in geriatric home were studied . Data were collected throughout the utilization of the adopted questionnaire and interview technique. The questionnaire was consists of (40) items related to concerned personal hygiene geriatrics persons, the reliability of instrument was (0.88) by using Cronbach's Alpha, the data analysis done by using the statistical methods which include (descriptive, and inferential statistics) 
Results:      The socio-demographic characteristics of elderly who participate in present study were man more than female . The age high percentage at age group was (60-69) years old .The Level of education among the study sample was elementary . Monthly income was barely sufficient and there were effectiveness of instructional on elderly  knowledge toward personal hygiene  throughout  the total mean at pre and post test which of  (1.34) (low level), to (2.39)   high level of knowledge.
Conclusions:        The study concluded that there were positive effect of instruction program on elderly  knowledge toward personal hygiene for  geriatric persons.
Recommendations: The study recommends to providing a guide  line for the personal hygiene  in all geriatric care homes.
 
Keywords: Instructional program , Knowledge, Geriatric Home . Elderly, Personal hygiene.
Modelling traffic accident duration on urban roads with high traffic variability using survival models: a case study on Fortaleza arterial roads
Authors: Nogueira de Souza Vandeyberg , Moraes de Oliveira Neto Francisco
Published: July 2023

Unexpected congestions are a common problem in the lives of urban citizens who need to travel to carry out their activities. This type of congestion causes unexpected delays to drivers and has traffic accidents and their duration as the main factor for their formation. In order to contribute to this problem, this study aimed to analyze the duration of traffic accidents on arterial roads of Fortaleza, Brazil, and their relationship with their causal factors. The duration of accidents was estimated based on traffic data obtained from electronic surveillance equipment, as the accident databases did not have this information. For this purpose, we generated profiles of speed and flow proportion per lane for days with accident and typical days to differentiate the impact on traffic caused by an accident from a typical traffic variability. The method detected the duration of 316 accidents with an average duration of 71 minutes and a standard deviation of 43 minutes. Next, a set of suggested hypotheses to explain the variability of accident duration was analyzed using survival models. The calibrated model showed that the severity of the accident, the traffic conditions at the accident location, the quantity and scheduling of the traffic agents, and the number of vehicles involved can have a significant impact on accident duration.
PELATIHAN KOMPUTASI AWAN MENGGUNAKAN GOOGLE SHEET BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) DI LINGKUNGAN SUDIN PENDIDIKAN JAKARTA BARAT I
Authors: Ratnasari Anita , Hari Haji Wahyu , Gata Grace
Published: July 2023

Kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan para siswa khususnya siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas dalam menggunakan aplikasi Google Sheet.Pelatihan ini merupakan jenis pelatihan aplikatif yang mempergunakan teknologi informasi sebagai alat yang digunakan. Pelatihan akan mengajarkan teknis penggunaan Google Sheet berbasis internet, aplikasi ini bersifat gratis bagi siapa saja yang memiliki akun gmail dan memungkinkan untuk membuat dan berbagi sheet dengan orang yang tidak memiliki email berbasis google. Aplikasi ini dapat dilakukan untuk pengerjaan kolaborasi sheet bagi orang-orang yang diundang dalam grup tertentu. Diharapkan, pelatihan ini menjadi sebuah sumbangsih kecil bernilai besar, sebagai implementasi sebuah nilai tridarma perguruan tinggi.
Evaluación de la calidad de las aguas residuales hospitalarias y diseño de una planta de tratamiento para un Hospital General
Authors: León Chimbolema José Gerardo , Godoy Ponce Sofía Carolina , Miguez Paredes Rogel Alfredo
Published: July 2023

El estudio se centró en la evaluación de la calidad del agua residual hospitalaria y el diseño de una planta de tratamiento para un Hospital General. Se analizaron diversas propiedades físicas, químicas y microbiológicas del agua, encontrando que varios parámetros superaron los límites permitidos. Se identificó una carga contaminante significativa que requería medidas de tratamiento y control adecuadas para preservar el medio ambiente. Se propuso un diseño de planta de tratamiento que incluye un sistema de coagulación-floculación y sedimentación para eliminar eficientemente los contaminantes. Se realizaron pruebas de tratabilidad que confirmaron la viabilidad técnica del proyecto y su capacidad para lograr una alta eficiencia en la remoción de contaminantes. Además, se consideró la disposición final de los lodos producidos en la planta y se sugirió su uso como fertilizante agrícola. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la efectividad del tratamiento en la mejora de la calidad del agua residual y su impacto positivo en el medio ambiente.
Alteraciones olfatorias asociadas a COVID-19: un estudio piloto de caso-control multicéntrico
Authors: Soto Rodríguez Maykel
Published: July 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la asociación entre las alteraciones olfatorias y la COVID-19 en pacientes confirmados mediante prueba molecular RT-PCR versus pacientes sanos. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal, analítico, de tipo caso-control que incluyó a una muestra piloto de 105 pacientes, 35 casos y 70 controles, atendidos en el hospital Dr. Publio Escobar, Provincia Chimborazo, Ecuador, durante el periodo de marzo de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. El método de muestreo fue probabilístico de tipo aleatorio simple; para la recolección de datos se empleó la  historia clínica, los datos fueron analizados a través de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, y procesados mediante el software SPSS versión 19.0. Los resultados revelan que la anosmia fue la alteración olfatoria  con asociación estadísticamente significativa. La proporción de exposición en el grupo casos fue de 74,29 %,  en el grupo control de 57,15 %, Odds Ratio(OR)=2,16;[IC: 1,51–32,25]. Se concluye que la anosmia es la disfunción olfativa más frecuente entre pacientes COVID-19, y existe dos veces más posibilidades de que ocurran alteraciones olfatorias asociadas a pacientes COVID-19.    La evaluación de las alteraciones olfativas pudiera ser un indicador temprano  del COVID-19 dentro del contexto pandémico actual.
Self-Help Groups and Economic Development of Women in India through Microcredit Scheme
Authors: M. M. Nirmala
Published: July 2023

The concept of SHG significantly impacts the economic status of the poor people of India. These groups are the associations that are constituted voluntarily to achieve collective benefits. This group may be registered or unregistered. Members who have engaged in SHGs agreed to save a small amount of money regularly for the contribution of the common fund. An analytical research method has been applied to carry out this research work. The present study is purely based on the data collected from various published sources such as articles, NABARD annual reports, and RBI bulletins. The collected data has been analyzed and interpreted to reveal the significance of SHGs for financial inclusion through the microfinance system. It brings a massive opportunity for income generation activities. The study also found that a good number of SHGs has increased in recent years. The savings amount has also consistently increased from 2018-19 to 2020-2021. The data also proves the significance of the SHG-bank linkage program as a boon for the poor people in rural India to identify and enhance their potential.