bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) improves welfare while maintaining performance of piglets post-weaning
Authors: Ipema Allyson F. , Bokkers Eddie A. M. , Gerrits Walter J. J. , Kemp Bas , Bolhuis J. Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

During weaning, piglets experience concurrent social, physical, and nutritional stressors. Consequently, piglets often have poor feed intake and display increased oral manipulative behaviours post-weaning, indicative of compromised welfare. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) possess many attractive properties for pigs and could therefore function as effective edible enrichment, potentially alleviating weaning stress by facilitating exploration and promoting feed intake. In this study, pairs of piglets received a small amount of either live BSFL or wood shavings (8 pens/treatment) scattered throughout the pen twice a day for 11 days after weaning. Home-pen behaviour was scored by instantaneous scan sampling on day 2, 5 and 8, and behavioural responses to a novel environment and novel object were scored on day 10/11. Performance-related parameters were observed regularly. Larvae provisioning increased floor-directed exploration and decreased object-directed exploration, pig-directed oral manipulation, fighting and eating of pellets, and reduced neophobia towards a novel object. Pellet intake was significantly decreased by BSFL provisioning during day 4–11 post-weaning, although feed and net energy intake including BSFL never differed between treatments. BSFL provisioning did not influence piglet growth, feed efficiency, energy efficiency, and faecal consistency. To conclude, live BSFL provisioning positively affected post-weaning piglet behaviour while maintaining performance.
Urinary exosomal microRNA profiling in intermediate-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kim Mee Young , Shin Hyunwoo , Moon Hyong Woo , Park Yong Hyun , Park Jaesung , Lee Ji Youl
Published: April 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of urine exosomes have emerged as biomarkers for urological cancers, owing to their high stability. MiRNAs have been linked to factors associated with aggressive prostate cancer such as biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to identify urinary exosomal miRNAs as prognostic markers associated with BCR in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. We profiled the expression levels of miRNAs via next generation sequencing in urinary exosomes from 21 non-BCR patients and 6 BCR patients of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. A total of 21 urinary exosomal miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (> twofold) in BCR patients compared to non-BCR patients. For external validation, we validated these results using quantitative reverse transcription PCR in an independent cohort of 28 non-BCR patients and 26 BCR patients. A validation analysis revealed that three miRNAs (miR-26a-5p, miR-532-5p, and miR-99b-3p) were upregulated in exosomes from BCR patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that miR-532-5p was an important predictive factor for BCR of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. In conclusion, miR-532-5p in urine exosomes might be a potential biomarker for predicting BCR, which is a poor prognosis in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Further research is needed on the biological functions and mechanisms of this miRNA.
Assessing fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity and its therapeutic potential in glioblastoma using stimulated Raman microscopy
Authors: Yuan Yuhao , Shah Niraj , Almohaisin Mohammad I. , Saha Soumit , Lu Fake
Published: April 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. The effectiveness of traditional therapies for GBM is limited and therefore new therapies are highly desired. Previous studies show that lipid metabolism reprogramming may be a potential therapeutic target in GBM. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity for the suppression of glioma growth. U87 glioma cells are treated with three fatty acids (FAs): palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Uptake of the FAs and formation of lipid droplets (LDs) are imaged and quantified using a lab-built stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope. Our results show that a supply of 200 µM PA, OA, and EPA leads to efficient LDs accumulation in glioma cells. We find that inhibition of triglycerides (TAGs) synthesis depletes LDs and enhances lipotoxicity, which is evidenced by the reduced cell proliferation rates. In particular, our results suggest that EPA treatment combined with depletion of LDs significantly reduces the survival rate of glioma cells by more than 50%, indicating the therapeutic potential of this approach. Future work will focus on understanding the metabolic mechanism of EPA-induced lipotoxicity to further enhance its anticancer effects.
Comparing sterile male releases and other methods for integrated control of the tiger mosquito in temperate and tropical climates
Authors: Douchet Léa , Haramboure Marion , Baldet Thierry , L’Ambert Gregory , Damiens David , Gouagna Louis Clément , Bouyer Jeremy , Labbé Pierrick , Tran Annelise
Published: April 2021

The expansion of mosquito species worldwide is creating a powerful network for the spread of arboviruses. In addition to the destruction of breeding sites (prevention) and mass trapping, methods based on the sterile insect technique (SIT), the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (ADT), and a fusion of elements from both of these known as boosted SIT (BSIT), are being developed to meet the urgent need for effective vector control. However, the comparative potential of these methods has yet to be explored in different environments. This is needed to propose and integrate informed guidelines into sustainable mosquito management plans. We extended a weather-dependent model of Aedes albopictus population dynamics to assess the effectiveness of these different vector control methods, alone or in combination, in a tropical (Reunion island, southwest Indian Ocean) and a temperate (Montpellier area, southern France) climate. Our results confirm the potential efficiency of SIT in temperate climates when performed early in the year (mid-March for northern hemisphere). In such a climate, the timing of the vector control action was the key factor in its success. In tropical climates, the potential of the combination of methods becomes more relevant. BSIT and the combination of ADT with SIT were twice as effective compared to the use of SIT alone.
Mitochondrial LonP1 protease is implicated in the degradation of unstable Parkinson's disease-associated DJ-1/PARK 7 missense mutants
Authors: Sánchez-Lanzas Raúl , Castaño José G.
Published: April 2021

DJ-1/PARK7 mutations are linked with familial forms of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). We have studied the degradation of untagged DJ-1 wild type (WT) and missense mutants in mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained from DJ-1-null mice, an approach closer to the situation in patients carrying homozygous mutations. The results showed that the mutants L10P, M26I, A107P, P158Δ, L166P, E163K, and L172Q are unstable proteins, while A39S, E64D, R98Q, A104T, D149A, A171S, K175E, and A179T are as stable as DJ-1 WT. Inhibition of proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal pathways had little effect on their degradation. Immunofluorescence and biochemical fractionation studies indicated that M26I, A107P, P158Δ, L166P, E163K, and L172Q mutants associate with mitochondria. Silencing of mitochondrial matrix protease LonP1 produced a strong reduction of the degradation of the mitochondrial-associated DJ-1 mutants A107P, P158Δ, L166P, E163K, and L172Q but not of mutant L10P. These results demonstrated a mitochondrial pathway of degradation of those DJ-1 missense mutants implicated in PD pathogenesis.
Publisher Correction: Demonstration of extrinsic chirality of photoluminescence with semiconductor-metal hybrid nanowires
Authors: Hakkarainen Teemu , Petronijevic Emilija , Rizzo Piton Marcelo , Sibilia Concita
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Biosyntheses characterization of alkaloids and flavonoids in Sophora flavescens by combining metabolome and transcriptome
Authors: Wei Guangfei , Chen Yongzhong , Guo Xiaotong , Wei Jianhe , Dong Linlin , Chen Shilin
Published: April 2021

Sophora flavescens are widely used for their pharmacological effects. As its main pharmacological components, alkaloids and flavonoids are distributed in the root tissues wherein molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, metabolite profiles are analyzed using metabolomes to obtain biomarkers detected in different root tissues. These biomarkers include alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis results indicate the differences in principal component contents. Oxymatrine, sophoridine, and matrine contents are the highest in the phloem, whereas trifolirhizin, maackiain, and kushenol I contents are the highest in the xylem. The transcript expression profiles also show tissue specificity in the roots. A total of 52 and 39 transcripts involved in alkaloid and flavonoid syntheses are found, respectively. Among them, the expression levels of LYSA1, LYSA2, AO2, AO6, PMT1, PMT17, PMT34, and PMT35 transcripts are highly and positively correlated with alkaloids contents. The expression levels of 4CL1, 4CL3, 4CL12, CHI5, CHI7, and CHI9 transcripts are markedly and positively correlated with flavonoids contents. Moreover, the quantitative profiles of alkaloids and flavonoids are provided, and the pivotal genes regulating their distribution in S. flavescens are determined. These results contribute to the existing data for the genetic improvement and target breeding of S. flavescens.
Author Correction: A global class reunion with multiple groups feasting on the declining insect smorgasbord
Authors: Vesterinen Eero J. , Kaunisto Kari M. , Lilley Thomas M.
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genomic profiling reveals heterogeneous populations of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Nagasawa Satoi , Kuze Yuta , Maeda Ichiro , Kojima Yasuyuki , Motoyoshi Ai , Onishi Tatsuya , Iwatani Tsuguo , Yokoe Takamichi , Koike Junki , Chosokabe Motohiro , Kubota Manabu , Seino Hibiki , Suzuki Ayako , Seki Masahide , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Inoue Eisuke , Tsugawa Koichiro , Ohta Tomohiko , Suzuki Yutaka
Published: April 2021

In a substantial number of patients, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast will never progress to invasive ductal carcinoma, and these patients are often overtreated under the current clinical criteria. Although various candidate markers are available, relevant markers for delineating risk categories have not yet been established. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of 431 patients with DCIS and performed whole-exome sequencing analysis in a 21-patient discovery cohort and targeted deep sequencing analysis in a 72-patient validation cohort. We determined that age <45 years, HER2 amplification, and GATA3 mutation are possible indicators of relapse. PIK3CA mutation negativity and PgR negativity were also suggested to be risk factors. Spatial transcriptome analysis further revealed that GATA3 dysfunction upregulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis, followed by PgR downregulation. These results reveal the existence of heterogeneous cell populations in DCIS and provide predictive markers for classifying DCIS and optimizing treatment.
Grb2 binding induces phosphorylation-independent activation of Shp2
Authors: Lin Chi-Chuan , Wieteska Lukasz , Suen Kin Man , Kalverda Arnout P. , Ahmed Zamal , Ladbury John E.
Published: April 2021

The regulation of phosphatase activity is fundamental to the control of intracellular signalling and in particular the tyrosine kinase-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Shp2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase and its kinase-induced hyperactivity is associated with many cancer types. In non-stimulated cells we find that binding of the adaptor protein Grb2, in its monomeric state, initiates Shp2 activity independent of phosphatase phosphorylation. Grb2 forms a bidentate interaction with both the N-terminal SH2 and the catalytic domains of Shp2, releasing the phosphatase from its auto-inhibited conformation. Grb2 typically exists as a dimer in the cytoplasm. However, its monomeric state prevails under basal conditions when it is expressed at low concentration, or when it is constitutively phosphorylated on a specific tyrosine residue (Y160). Thus, Grb2 can activate Shp2 and downstream signal transduction, in the absence of extracellular growth factor stimulation or kinase-activating mutations, in response to defined cellular conditions. Therefore, direct binding of Grb2 activates Shp2 phosphatase in the absence of receptor tyrosine kinase up-regulation.
On the adsorption mechanism of caffeine on MAPbI3 perovskite surfaces: a combined UMC-DFT study
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Luiz A. , Tromer Raphael M. , dos Santos Ramiro M. , Galvão Douglas S.
Published: April 2021

Recently, it was experimentally shown that the performance and thermal stability of the perovskite MAPbI3 were improved upon the adsorption of a molecular layer of caffeine.
Me-graphane: tailoring the structural and electronic properties of Me-grapheneviahydrogenation
Authors: Marinho Enesio , da Silva Autreto Pedro Alves
Published: April 2021

The effects of hydrogenation on Me-graphene, a new carbon allotrope, have been studied usingab initioDFT calculations and reactive molecular dynamics simulations.
Effect of d-allulose feeding on the hepatic metabolomics profile in male Wistar rats
Authors: Kanasaki Akane , Niibo Misato , Iida Tetsuo
Published: April 2021

d-Allulose altered hepatic metabolites, especially those related to the lipid metabolism processes, such as the fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol, bile acid, and glucuronic acid/xylulose pathways.
Identifying the presence of magnetite in an ensemble of iron-oxide nanoparticles: a comparative neutron diffraction study between bulk and nanoscale
Authors: González-Alonso D. , Espeso J. I. , Gavilán H. , Zeng L. J. , Fernández-Díaz M. T. , Subías G. , de Pedro I. , Fernández J. Rodríguez , Bender P. , Barquín L. Fernández , Johansson C.
Published: April 2021

We exploit the Verwey transition to detect the presence of magnetite in an ensemble of IONPs by using the thermal evolution value of the magnetic moment obtained by neutron diffraction in a mixture of maghemite and magnetite phases in their cores.
Toward an efficient and eco-friendly route for the synthesis of dimeric 2,4-diacetyl phloroglucinol and its potential as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease antagonist: insight from in silico studies
Authors: Kusumaningsih Triana , Prasetyo Wahyu E. , Wibowo Fajar R. , Firdaus Maulidan
Published: April 2021

Dimeric 2,4-diacetyl phloroglucinol derivatives were synthesized under green chemistry protocols and found to be the potential inhibitor of 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2.
Symbiotic assembly of peptide nano-mosaics at solid interfaces
Authors: Jorgenson Tyler D. , Zareie Hadi M. , Sarikaya Mehmet , Overney René M.
Published: April 2021

Binary assembly of peptides with unique crystallographic assembly directions enables the formation of complex biomolecular mosaics at solid surfaces.
An intramolecular photoswitch can significantly promote photoactivation of Pt(iv) prodrugs
Authors: Deng Zhiqin , Li Cai , Chen Shu , Zhou Qiyuan , Xu Zoufeng , Wang Zhigang , Yao Houzong , Hirao Hajime , Zhu Guangyu
Published: April 2021

The newly developed Pt(iv) prodrugs, rhodaplatins, contain an internal photoswitch and present up to 4.8 × 104-fold increased photoconversion efficiency compared to the conventional “photocatalyst plus Pt(iv) prodrug” photocatalysis platform.
Stable cellulose/graphene inks mediated by an inorganic base for the fabrication of conductive fibers
Authors: Pan Shaoxue , Wang Peng , Liu Peiying , Wu Tianqi , Liu Yicheng , Ma Jianhua , Lu Hongbin
Published: April 2021

The schematic diagram of the dispersion mechanism of graphene and preparation of conductive fibers.
Correction: A mitochondria-targeted dual-functional aggregation-induced emission luminogen for intracellular mitochondrial imaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Huang Wendi , Tan Xueying , Wang Jinhui , Zhao Yufen , Hu Jingbo , Wang Shuanghu
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘A mitochondria-targeted dual-functional aggregation-induced emission luminogen for intracellular mitochondrial imaging and photodynamic therapy’ by Yujie Zhang et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, 9, 1232–1236, DOI: 10.1039/D0BM02099K.
Measuring anion transport selectivity: a cautionary tale
Authors: Wu Xin , Gale Philip A.
Published: April 2021

pH-dependent liposomal assays are often used to determine anion selectivity in transmembrane anion transport experiments. In this communication, we discuss the validity and limitations of these assays, and provide guidelines for their use to avoid misleading results.
Crystal-to-crystal transformation of a new selenite compound CaNi2(SeO3)3·2H2O induced by dehydration
Authors: Huang Xing , Zhao Zhiying , Zhang Mengsi , He Zhangzhen
Published: April 2021

A new zemannite-like compound CaNi2(SeO3)3·2H2O (1) is found to exhibit crystal-to-crystal transformations upon heating, resulting in a dehydrated form of CaNi2(SeO3)3·1.5H2O (2) and an anhydrous form of CaNi2(SeO3)3 (3).
Influence of solution chemistry on the solubility, crystallisability and nucleation behaviour of eicosane in toluene : acetone mixed-solvents
Authors: Kaskiewicz Peter L. , Rosbottom Ian , Camacho Corzo Diana M. , Hammond Robert B. , Downie Ruth , Dowding Peter J. , George Neil , Roberts Kevin J.
Published: April 2021

Compositionally dependent solution structure is found to influence the solubility, crystallisability and nucleation mechanism of eicosane when crystallising from toluene : acetone mixed-solvent solutions.
Proton transfer in bulk water using the full adaptive QM/MM method: integration of solute- and solvent-adaptive approaches
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi C. , Yamada Masayuki , Suzuki Yohichi
Published: April 2021

The full adaptive approach achieved an accurate and stable molecular dynamics simulation of hydronium ion in bulk.
Role of conformational heterogeneity in ligand recognition by viral RNA molecules
Authors: Levintov Lev , Vashisth Harish
Published: April 2021

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are known to undergo conformational changes in response to various environmental stimuli including temperature, pH, and ligands.
Effects of preparation method and precipitant on Mn–Ga oxide in combination with SAPO-34 for syngas conversion into light olefins
Authors: Yang Guinan , Meng Fanhui , Zhang Peng , Yang Langlang , Li Zhong
Published: April 2021

Mn–Ga oxides were prepared by different methods and using different precipitants, and the co-precipitated Mn–Ga using NH3·H2O as a precipitant exhibits the best performance.
Osteogenic properties of bioactive sodium titanate/titanium oxide composite coating prepared by anodic oxidation in NaOH electrolyte
Authors: Guo Yuqiang , Wu Boyao , Hu Yi , Zuo Rui , Lu Xugang , Xiong Shibing , Huang Ping , Yang Bangcheng
Published: April 2021

Our sodium titanate/titanium oxide coating has excellent osteogenic performance and has potential to be used as a bone repair material.
Charge-storage mechanism of highly defective NiO nanostructures on carbon nanofibers in electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Nunes Willian G. , Miranda Andre N. , Freitas Bruno , Vicentini Rafael , Oliveira Aline C. , Doubek Gustavo , Freitas Renato G. , Da Silva Leonardo M. , Zanin Hudson
Published: April 2021

An electrode composed of defective NiO nanostructures supported on carbon nanofibers and immersed in an Li+-based aqueous electrolyte is studied using Raman spectroscopy under dynamic polarization conditions to address the charge-storage phenomenon.
Two-dimensional layered double hydroxide nanoadjuvant: recent progress and future direction
Authors: Zhang Ling-Xiao , Hu Jing , Jia Ying-Bo , Liu Rui-Tian , Cai Ting , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: April 2021

MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) has a similar composition to the commercial aluminum adjuvant, but is highly biocompatible. The excellent adjuvanticity and biocompatibility make LDH the most potential clinical candidate adjuvant.
Transformation from a non-radical to a radical pathway via the amorphization of a Ni(OH)2 catalyst as a peroxymonosulfate activator for the ultrafast degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Wenwen , Chen Xu , Yang Qihao , Shen Cai , Zhang Baoshan , Lin Yichao , Sun Jian , Zhang Linjuan , Zhang Qiuju , Lu Zhiyi , Chen Liang
Published: April 2021

Amorphous Ni(OH)2 obtained using a formamide-assisted precipitation method was shown to possess an electron-rich surface. The “switch” between radical and non-radical pathway was controlled by the electron-donating capabilities of the catalyst.
Delicate control of crystallographic Cu2O derived Ni–Co amorphous double hydroxide nanocages for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors: an experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Wang Jiansen , Yang Liu , Fu Yibo , Yin Penggang , Guan Xiaohui , Wang Guangsheng
Published: April 2021

Schematic descriptions of the morphological growth of Cu2O templates, the formation of Ni–Co ADH nanocages and their excellent electrochemical performance.
Steep sulfur gradient in CZTSSe solar cells by H2S-assisted rapid surface sulfurization
Authors: Taskesen Teoman , Pareek Devendra , Hauschild Dirk , Haertel Alan , Weinhardt Lothar , Yang Wanli , Pfeiffelmann Timo , Nowak David , Heske Clemens , Gütay Levent
Published: April 2021

This article demonstrates a flash-type kinetic sulfurization method to introduce band-gap grading in CZTSe based photovoltaic devices. The developed approach allows to achieve a steep grading profile on kesterite thin-film surface.
Selective access to constitutionally identical, orientationally isomeric calix[6]arene-based [3]rotaxanes by an active template approach
Authors: Bazzoni Margherita , Andreoni Leonardo , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto , Cera Gianpiero , Secchi Andrea , Arduini Arturo
Published: April 2021

Expedient access to a series of spatially controlled oriented [3]rotaxane isomers via a metal-free active template approach.
A synthetic pathogen mimetic molecule induces a highly amplified synergistic immune responseviaactivation of multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Nihesh Naorem , Manna Saikat , Studnitzer Bradley , Shen Jingjing , Esser-Kahn Aaron P.
Published: April 2021

Different pathogen components were formulated as a single pathogen mimetic molecule. This combinatorial approach enables us to develop a potent vaccine adjuvant.
Recent progress of dimensionally designed electrode nanomaterials in aqueous electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Duan Huiyu , Zhao Zhimin , Pang Huan
Published: April 2021

This review summarizes the performance of aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices based on nanodimensions, and highlights the recent significant progress of novel electrode materials based on their rational design, controlled synthesis, and energy storage performance.
Poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) overlaid fibrous carbon networks exhibiting a synergistic effect for enhanced performance in hybrid micro energy storage devices
Authors: Halim El Mahdi , Demir-Cakan Rezan , Debiemme-Chouvy Catherine , Perrot Hubert , El Rhazi Mama , Sel Ozlem
Published: April 2021

A capacitor-type cathode, made of a conducting polymer–carbon composite, and a battery-type anode exhibit highly promising charge storage performance.
Composition and strain engineered AgNbO3-based multilayer capacitors for ultra-high energy storage capacity
Authors: Zhu Li-Feng , Zhao Lei , Yan Yongke , Leng Haoyang , Li Xiaotian , Cheng Li-Qian , Xiong Xiangming , Priya Shashank
Published: April 2021

With strain engineer and MnO2 addition, an ultra-high energy-storage density Wrec = 7.9 J cm−3 and efficiency η = 71% were achieved in Ag(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 + 0.25 wt% MnO2 multilayer capacitors.
Critical review: hydrothermal synthesis of 1T-MoS2 – an important route to a promising material
Authors: Strachan Jyah , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: April 2021

The unique anisotropy, polytypism, and abundance of molybdenum disulfide make it a singularly versatile material for a range of catalytic, electrochemical, and tribological applications.
A new energy‐aware method for load balance managing in the fog‐based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) using a hybrid optimization algorithm
Authors: Qun Ren , Arefzadeh Seyedeh Maryam
Published: April 2021

Fog‐based VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks) is a new model with vehicular cloud and fog computing benefits. Fog‐based VANETs consist of a series of mobile nodes that are fully dynamic without any central management. These networks have some limitations due to the use of the mobile power source. There are many challenges in extending mobile‐based networks' life span. Many methods have been suggested to minimize the nodes' energy consumption and extend the network life. Also, some works have been developed for load‐balanced routing. Still, energy‐efficient routing and load balancing in VANETs are challenges. The purpose of this study is to present a suitable method based on energy awareness for load balancing in fog‐based VANETs using a hybrid optimization algorithm (employing ant colony optimization and artificial bee colony (ACO‐ABC)). The simulation results in the Network Simulator 2 (NS2) environment showed that as the number of nodes increased, the consumed amount of energy in the VANET is increased. Also, with the increasing number of tasks, load balancing by the proposed method has been improved. Finally, the simulation experiments showed that the proposed hybrid algorithm (ACO‐ABC) outperforms all other algorithms.
Virtual tracking control of underwater vehicles based on error injection and adaptive gain
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhang Mingjun , Yao Feng , Yin Baoji
Published: April 2021

An improved virtual tracking control scheme is proposed based on error injection and adaptive gain for underwater vehicles in the presence of a large initial tracking error and external disturbances. To relieve the effect caused by a large initial tracking error, the developed control scheme is achieved based on two closed‐loop systems. Specifically, a virtual closed‐loop system is constructed based on an approximate dynamic model of an underwater vehicle, while an actual closed‐loop system is built with a real underwater vehicle. Firstly, in order to improve the tracking precision of the virtual tracking control scheme, an auxiliary variable produced by a first‐order filter is injected into a virtual tracking error in the virtual closed‐loop system. And then, the virtual trajectory provided by the virtual closed‐loop system is followed by the actual closed‐loop system. In the actual closed‐loop system, a modified sliding mode surface is designed to achieve the finite‐time stability, while the control gains can be on‐line adjusted based on the tracking performance. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme are demonstrated by case studies on an underwater vehicle subject to different external disturbances.
Improving crowd counting with scale‐aware convolutional neural network
Authors: Ji Qingge , Chen Hang , Bao Di
Published: April 2021

Large‐scale variations may cause a serious problem in crowd counting. In recent years, most methods for this problem use convolutional neural networks with a fixed scale for encoding and decoding image features. The scale of the convolutional layer is usually manually adjusted and may have to deal with image features on unfitted scales. In this paper, a method called scale‐aware convolutional neural network(SCNet) is proposed, which adds a scale selection mechanism to the dilated convolutional operation. Shared weight multi‐branch is used to deal with features on different scales, and an attention mechanism is introduced to determine the weights of the branches that fit the scale. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SCNet outperforms most existing methods.
Increasing the Link‐distance of Free‐space Quantum Coherent Communication with Large Area Detectors
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Konieczniak Igor , Bonner Gerald , Spiller Tim
Published: April 2021

A large area photo‐diode based homodyne detector for free‐space quantum coherent communication is reported. The detector's performance is studied in terms of the detection bandwidth and electronic noise for shot‐noise limited quantum signal detection. Using large area photo‐diodes increases the signal collection efficiency from turbulent atmospheric channels, in comparison with thetypical fibre‐based free‐space homodyne detectors. Under identical atmospheric turbulence and receiver aperture conditions, over a 700‐km free‐space link at 90° elevation angle, our homodyne detector based on a diameter of 1mm photo‐diode experiences 0dB loss due to turbulence, while a 10‐um fibre‐based detector experiences 13.5dB of signal loss.
Perturbers: SPHERE detection limits to planetary-mass companions in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Asensio-Torres R. , Henning Th. , Cantalloube F. , Pinilla P. , Mesa D. , Garufi A. , Jorquera S. , Gratton R. , Chauvin G. , Szulágyi J. , van Boekel R. , Dong R. , Marleau G.-D. , Benisty M. , Villenave M. , Bergez-Casalou C. , Desgrange C. , Janson M. , Keppler M. , Langlois M. , Ménard F. , Rickman E. , Stolker T. , Feldt M. , Fusco T. , Gluck L. , Pavlov A. , Ramos J.
Published: April 2021

The detection of a wide range of substructures such as rings, cavities, and spirals has become a common outcome of high spatial resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks, both in the near-infrared scattered light and in the thermal millimetre continuum emission. The most frequent interpretation of their origin is the presence of planetary-mass companions perturbing the gas and dust distribution in the disk (perturbers), but so far the only bona fide detection has been the two giant planets carving the disk around PDS 70. Here, we present a sample of 15 protoplanetary disks showing substructures in SPHERE scattered-light images and a homogeneous derivation of planet detection limits in these systems. To obtain mass limits we rely on different post-formation luminosity models based on distinct formation conditions, which are critical in the first million years of evolution. We also estimate the mass of these perturbers through a Hill radius prescription and a comparison to ALMA data. Assuming that one single planet carves each substructure in scattered light, we find that more massive perturbers are needed to create gaps within cavities than rings, and that we might be close to a detection in the cavities of RX J1604.3-2130A, RX J1615.3-3255, Sz Cha, HD 135344B, and HD 34282. We reach typical mass limits in these cavities of 3–10 MJup. For planets in the gaps between rings, we find that the detection limits of SPHERE high-contrast imaging are about an order of magnitude away in mass, and that the gaps of PDS 66 and HD 97048 seem to be the most promising structures for planet searches. The proposed presence of massive planets causing spiral features in HD 135344B and HD 36112 are also within SPHERE’s reach assuming hot-start models. These results suggest that the current detection limits are able to detect hot-start planets in cavities, under the assumption that they are formed by a single perturber located at the centre of the cavity. More realistic planet mass constraints would help to clarify whether this is actually the case, which might indicate that perturbers are not the only way of creating substructures.
Solar cyclic activity over the last millennium reconstructed from annual 14C data
Authors: Usoskin I. G. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A. , Hofer B. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Wacker L. , Brehm N. , Kromer B.
Published: April 2021

Aims. The 11-year solar cycle (Schwabe cycle) is the dominant pattern of solar magnetic activity reflecting the oscillatory dynamo mechanism in the Sun’s convection zone. Solar cycles have been directly observed since 1700, while indirect proxy data suggest their existence over a much longer period of time, but generally without resolving individual cycles and their continuity. Here we reconstruct individual solar cycles for the last millennium using recently obtained 14C data and state-of-the-art models.

Methods. Starting with the 14C production rate determined from the so far most precise measurements of radiocarbon content in tree rings, solar activity was reconstructed in the following three physics-based steps: (1) correction of the 14C production rate for the changing geomagnetic field; (2) computation of the open solar magnetic flux; and (3) conversion into sunspot numbers outside of grand minima. All known uncertainties, including both measurement and model uncertainties, were straightforwardly accounted for by a Monte-Carlo method.

Results. Cyclic solar activity is reconstructed for the period 971–1900 (85 individual cycles) along with its uncertainties. This more than doubles the number of solar cycles known from direct solar observations. We found that the lengths and strengths of well-defined cycles outside grand minima are consistent with those obtained from the direct sunspot observations after 1750. The validity of the Waldmeier rule (cycles with fast-rising phase tend to be stronger) is confirmed at a highly significant level. Solar activity is found to be in a deep grand minimum when the activity is mostly below the sunspot formation threshold for about 250 years. Therefore, although considerable cyclic variability in 14C is seen even during grand minima, individual solar cycles can hardly be reliably resolved therein. Three potential solar particle events, ca. 994, 1052, and 1279 AD, are shown to occur around the maximum phases of solar cycles.

Conclusions. A new approximately 1000-year-long solar activity reconstruction, in the form of annual (pseudo) sunspot numbers with the full assessment of all known uncertainties, is presented based on new high-precision Δ14C measurements and state-of-the-art models, more than doubling the number of individually resolved solar cycles. This forms a solid basis for new, more detailed studies of solar variability.
Aloe vera in der Onkologie
Authors: Rist Maike , Langhorst Jost
Published: April 2021

Aloe vera ist durch die antioxidativen und entzündungshemmenden Eigenschaften ein vielseitig einsetzbares Heilmittel der Naturheilkunde, das sowohl in der traditionellen Medizin weltweit als auch in der westlichen Medizin vielfach Anwendung findet. Zu den Hauptindikationen zählt die Behandlung von Wunden, Erfrierungen und Verbrennungen, Psoriasis, Colitis ulcerosa, Diabetes und Obstipation (Verstopfung) sowie Linderung chemo- und strahlentherapeutischer Nebenwirkungen. Von großer Bedeutung für die Medizin ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Aloe-vera-Gel, das sich als Wasserspeichergewebe im Inneren der Blätter befindet, und dem Blattsaft (auch Latex genannt), der sich direkt unter der Haut der Blätter befindet, da sich die Inhaltsstoffe dieser Pflanzenbestandteile grundlegend unterscheiden: Den im Blattsaft enthaltenen Anthrachinonen (wie Aloin, Aloe-Emodin u. a.) werden eine abführende Wirkung, aber auch toxische und kanzerogene Eigenschaften zugeschrieben, wohingegen das Gel vor allem in topischer Anwendung als unbedenklich und sicher gilt. Die orale Einnahme von Aloe vera, insbesondere in Latexform, kann zu Magen-Darm-Störungen und Elektrolytanomalien führen und gilt während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit als kontraindiziert. In Bezug auf die Toxizität ist die Studienlage widersprüchlich und neben Daten, die für eine schädigende Wirkung der Anthrachinone sprechen, gibt es Ergebnisse, die sowohl in Tierstudien als auch in vitro eine antikanzerogene Wirkung nachweisen. Eine entscheidende Rolle könnte sowohl die verwendete Aloe-Art als auch der Anthrachinongehalt der verwendeten Produkte spielen. Qualitativ hochwertige Studien und neue Forschungsergebnisse sowie eine klare Differenzierung zwischen Aloe-vera-Gel und anthrachinonhaltigen Bestandteilen der Pflanze sind notwendig, um weitere Ergebnisse und mehr Sicherheit in Bezug auf die Toxizität wie auch auf das gesundheitsfördernde Potenzial dieser Pflanze liefern zu können.

Die Fortschritte in der Analyse der Tumor-Immunbiologie lassen hoffen, dass die antineoplastische Eigenschaft, die auf einer antiproliferativen, immunstimulierenden und antioxidativen Wirkung beruht, in naher Zukunft weiter erforscht wird.
Behandlungserfolge in der Onkologie durch Ernährungstherapie optimieren
Authors: Reimann Manuela
Published: April 2021

Onkologische Erkrankungen können zu schweren Mangelernährungen führen. Die Stoffwechsellage eines Patienten verändert sich durch verschiedenste Vorgänge im Körper. Um solche Veränderungen rechtzeitig zu erkennen, ist schon ab der Diagnosestellung eine Ernährungstherapie von großer Bedeutung. So geben zum Beispiel Gewichtsveränderungen die ersten Hinweise auf eine Mangelernährung. Mit den unterschiedlichen Methoden zur Erfassung des Ernährungszustandes kann bei onkologischen Patienten eine Mangelernährung rechtzeitig erkannt und mit der individuellen Ernährungstherapie die Behandlung der Krebserkrankung unterstützt werden. Das schließt auch die Reduzierung der häufig starken Nebenwirkungen ein. Für diese Therapieform sind verschiedene finanzielle Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten vorgesehen, um dem Patienten eine interdisziplinäre Therapie zu ermöglichen.
Education and Training in Transanal Endoscopic Surgery and Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: Keller Deborah S. , de Lacy F. Borja , Hompes Roel
Published: April 2021

There is a paradigm shift in surgical training, and new tool and technology are being used to facilitate mastery of the content and technical skills. The transanal procedures for rectal cancer—transanal endoscopic surgery (TES) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME)—have a distinct learning curve for competence in the procedures, and require special training for familiarity with the “bottom-up” anatomy, procedural risks, and managing complex cases. These procedures have been models for structured education and training, using multimodal tools, to ensure safe implementation of TES and TaTME into clinical practice. The goal of this work was to review the current state of surgical education, the introduction and learning curve of the TES and TaTME procedures, and the established and future models for education of the transanal procedures for rectal cancer.
Homoeopathy for Adjustment Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Moorthi S. Karunakara , Pertin Susu , Vishnupriya S.V. , Muraleedharan K.C. , Radhika P.
Published: April 2021

Despite its high prevalence in clinical and consultant liaison psychiatry populations, adjustment disorder (AD) research has traditionally been hindered by its lack of clear diagnostic criteria. Here, we are presenting five cases of AD diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Five patients who consulted at the Out Patient Department of National Homoeopathy Research Institute of Mental Health, Kerala, India, with symptoms of AD were treated with individualised homoeopathic medicine. Assessment of the symptoms was done using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items. Details of consultations, treatment and assessment are summarised. Possible causal attribution of changes was explicitly depicted by Naranjo Criteria. It shows the positive role of homoeopathic treatment in AD.

All five patients showed marked improvement.

We were able to prevent the considerable self-harm and suicidality associated with AD. However, more extensive research is needed in the topic to prove the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicine in AD.
Energia necessária para a ocorrência de fratura em modelos sintéticos de fêmur proximal após retirada de material de síntese: Um estudo biomecânico com parafuso canulado, parafuso dinâmico do quadril e haste femoral proximal
Authors: Freitas Anderson , Silva Landwehrle de Lucena da , Costa Renilton Rodrigues , Ramos Lucas Sacramento , Giordano Marcos Norberto , Gonçalves Henrique Mansur
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Identificar a energia necessária para ocorrência de fratura do fêmur proximal em osso sintético após retirada de três modelos de implantes: parafusos canulados, parafuso dinâmico do quadril (dynamic hip screw-DHS) e haste femoral proximal (proximal femoral nail-PFN).

Métodos Foram utilizados 25 modelos de ossos sintéticos da extremidade proximal do fêmur: 10 unidades de grupo controle (GC), 5 unidades após colocação e retirada de 3 parafusos canulados colocados em configuração de triângulo invertido (GPC), 5 unidades após colocação e retirada do parafuso de compressão dinâmico (GDHS), e 5 unidades após colocação e retirada da haste de fêmur proximal (GPFN). Uma análise biomecânica foi realizada em todas as amostras simulando uma queda sobre o grande trocânter utilizando uma máquina servo-hidráulica com o objetivo de verificar a energia (em Joules [J]) necessária até a ocorrência de fratura nos diferentes grupos.

Resultados Todos os grupos apresentaram fratura basocervical. Os grupos GC, GPC, GDHS e GPFN apresentaram, respectivamente, valores de 7.1J, 6.6J, 6J e 6.7J de energia até ocorrência da fratura. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (intervalo de confiança de 95%) na energia entre os grupos de estudo (p = 0,34).

Conclusão Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos valores de energia necessária para ocorrência de fratura da extremidade proximal do fêmur após a retirada de três tipos de implantes utilizando modelos sintéticos simulando queda sobre o grande trocânter.
Desenvolvimento de um dispositivo para obter plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP)
Authors: Mota Marília de Lima , Barreto Ronald Bispo , Leite Bárbara Ramos , Cavalcante Beatriz Costa Cardoso Dourado
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Apresentar um dispositivo inovador que aplique o método de centrifugação dupla para obter plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), avaliando se houve um aumento efetivo na concentração de plaquetas.

Método Dez voluntários foram submetidos a coleta de sangue. As amostras foram separadas em seringas de 20 mL, seladas e submetidas ao protocolo de centrifugação dupla a 1.100 revoluções por minuto (rpm) por 15 minutos, resultando na separação de hemácias, plasma com plaquetas e leucócitos. Em seguida, foram adicionadas seringas de 10 mL para remover 9 mL, tendo como parâmetro a "buffy coat", coletando 8 mL acima e 1 mL abaixo para a segunda centrifugação e transferindo novamente para a seringa de 20 mL. O plasma foi novamente centrifugado a 1.550 rpm por 10 minutos; como resultado, foi dividido em duas partes: na parte superior, consistindo em plasma pobre em plaquetas (PPP), e na parte inferior, pelo botão plaquetário. Parte do PPP foi descartada, restando apenas 3 mL com o botão de plaquetas. As células foram então contadas.

Resultados Este dispositivo inovador foi capaz de aumentar a concentração de plaquetas em quase 3 vezes relação a linha de base. Além disso, o tempo de preparo do PRP foi adequado, com duração de apenas 35 a 40 minutos.

Conclusões O PRP foi obtido com sucesso pelo protocolo de centrifugação dupla, permitindo seu uso clínico. Além disso, a obtenção através do dispositivo apresentado promove maior aplicabilidade no preparo do PRP em centros específicos, além de ser, uma forma rápida e econômica de obter PRP.
Previsão pré-operatória de fraturas supracondilares de úmero Gartland IV: É possível?
Authors: Barik Sitanshu , Singh Gobinder , Maji Subhajit , Azam Md Quamar , Singh Vivek
Published: April 2021

Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar características pré-operatórias do paciente e da lesão, bem como da imagem que apontaria para uma fratura tipo IV. O presente estudo ajudará a equipe operacional a prever com mais precisão o padrão tipo IV pré-operatório, levando a um melhor aconselhamento dos cuidadores e planejamento da cirurgia, bem como a uma melhor preparação em relação à redução aberta, se tal situação surgir.

Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado, incluindo pacientes que atendiam os seguintes critérios: 1) idade < 16 anos; 2) fraturas supracondilares Gartland tipos III e IV; e 3) com registros completos. Foram coletados dados demográficos como idade, gênero, lateralidade, modo de lesão, duração hospitalar de lesão, histórico de tentativas anteriores de redução fechada, fratura aberta/fechada, estado neurovascular distal e dados radiográficos como angulação, translação, aposição óssea e cominação de fratura.

Resultados A duração hospitalar de lesões e as tentativas anteriores de redução fechada foram os fatores com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as fraturas tipo III e IV (p < 0,05). O diagnóstico de fraturas supracondilares tipo IV foi significativamente mais provável na presença de angulação em valgo de fragmento distal ≥ 17° (odds ratio [OR] = 20,22; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% = 3,45–118,65). A angulação de flexão ≥ 10° (OR = 5,32; IC95% = 0,24–119,88) do fragmento distal previram Gartland tipo IV com sensibilidade de 41% e especificidade de 100%.

Conclusão A avaliação pré-operatória de suspeitas de fraturas de Gartland IV pode ajudar o cirurgião operacional a prever tais lesões. Fatores não radiográficos, como o aumento da duração da lesão hospitalar, tentativas de redução previamente fechada e parâmetros radiográficos como valgo e angulação de flexão foram mais propensos a estarem associados a fraturas tipo IV. Nível de evidência III.
Sarcoma de Ewing pélvico: o grande imitador
Authors: Lima-Bernardes Francisco , Soares Diogo Manuel , Pereira Joana Monteiro , Catarino Isabel , Vieira Sofia Esteves , Carvalho João das Dores
Published: April 2021

O sarcoma de Ewing é o tumor ósseo maligno da pelve mais comum em crianças e adultos jovens. Mesmo com tratamento agressivo, sua taxa de sobrevivência está entre as piores. A apresentação clássica pode não ser a regra. Ele pode simular clinicamente, imaginologicamente e histopatologicamente outras entidades não malignas. Portanto, sua suspeita não deve ser negligenciada. Relatamos dois casos de sarcoma pélvico: o primeiro imitando granuloma eosinofílico e o segundo imitando osteomielite. Neste último, também relatamos um achado atípico de sua história natural: uma resposta inicial ao antibiótico e ao tratamento anti-inflamatório. Em ambos os casos, destacamos a possibilidade de uma biópsia óssea percutânea inconclusiva e a importância da imunoquímica e da citogenética para o diagnóstico definitivo.
Osteoartrose costovertebral: Diagnóstico diferencial raro de dorsalgia no paciente jovem. Relato de caso
Authors: Afonso João Ribeiro , Soares Diogo , Lopes Daniel Brás , Matos Rui Milheiro , Pinto Rui Peixoto
Published: April 2021

O diagnóstico diferencial de dorsalgia revela-se um desafio pela proximidade da coluna dorsal a órgãos vitais assim como por sua anatomia única, inervação e articulação com as costelas. Os padrões de dor referida visceral obrigam, na maioria das vezes, a extensivos exames complementares de diagnóstico de forma a excluir condições graves. A osteoartrose da articulação costovertebral é um diagnóstico pouco reconhecido, e habitualmente é somente considerado quando a fonte de dor continua sem explicação após extensa investigação. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 40 anos de idade com dor dorsal incapacitante devido a osteoartrose costovertebral isolada. A sintomatologia foi controlada após a injeção de metilprednisolona guiada por tomografia computadorizada. Este caso clínico tem como objetivo descrever a apresentação clínica de uma entidade rara que deverá ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de dorsalgia.