bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A adoção de práticas sustentáveis como caminho para o descarte de materiais bibliográficos
Authors: Castro Evandra Campos , Kummer Mauro José
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo tem como tema a logística reversa que trata do retorno de bens de consumo inservíveis, para serem reciclados e reutilizados. A questão problema é se o descarte de materiais bibliográficos, praticado nas bibliotecas dos Institutos Federais de Ensino – IFs, tem se baseado nos preceitos legais e ambientais. O objetivo é investigar a adoção de boas práticas no gerenciamento sustentável no descarte de materiais bibliográficos inservíveis nos IFs. Este estudo de caso, adota como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário com vinte questões, visando obter um perfil da cultura organizacional quanto à incorporação de conceitos e práticas da Gestão Pública Sustentável. Para registrar o nível de concordância ou discordância em relação a uma dada questão, usou-se a escala de Likert, sendo esta uma escala psicométrica utilizada em pesquisa quantitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que, aproximadamente, 84% dos IFs ainda não aderiram aos ideais de responsabilidade socioambiental, propostos pelo Programa Agenda Ambiental da Administração Pública – A3P, do Governo Federal ante as atividades da gestão pública. A adoção de boas práticas aplicadas ao descarte de materiais bibliográficos inservíveis, que atendem aos critérios da sustentabilidade, é realizada por apenas 12,5% dos bibliotecários entrevistados. Fica bastante evidente que é preciso que governos e servidores empreendam maiores esforços em suas atividades e ações, buscando adequar-se aos novos padrões da Gestão Sustentável para que efetivamente crie-se uma cultura organizacional voltada à sustentabilidade e assim atenda-se, satisfatoriamente, ao interesse público, garantindo produtos e serviços públicos de boa qualidade à população brasileira.
A logistica reversa de medicamentos como ferramenta de Mitigação ambiental
Authors: Simões Vanessa Verônica Costa , Sautter Klaus Dieter
Published: November 2021

Os medicamentos são de suma importância para a saúde. Porém, quando não controlados e descartados sem qualquer cuidado, podem provocar uma série de impactos ambientais e ao ser humano. A logística reversa é um instrumento de grande importância, sendo considerada uma estratégia que cumpre o papel operacional de retornar os resíduos de pós-venda e pós-consumo. Um dos objetivos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) é fomentar a logística reversa, principalmente daqueles resíduos que mais podem causar impactos ambientais, se descartados incorretamente. A Logística reversa então se mostra um grande instrumento para a mitigação dos impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte incorretos dos medicamentos vencidos ou em desuso, a partir do momento em que desvia sua rota, evitando que atinjam o solo, e os corpos de água, principalmente.
Diversidad de culturas, igualdad de derechos
Authors: Corominas Jordi
Published: November 2021

Hoy conformamos una única sociedad mundial, con muchísimas diferencias culturales, costumbres, hábitos, dioses, valores y concepciones dispares, pero con un único sistema mundial y una única estructuración de las formas de vida. La conformación de una única sociedad mundial no significa homogeneización, sino un incremento de la estratificación y diferenciación social. Pero ¿qué seleccionamos y qué descanamos de cada cultura? ¿Podría ser que ahora el relativismo cultural fuera el mejor instrumento para ocultar los vínculos reales de marginación existentes en el planeta? ¿Cómo podría fundamentarse una filosofía intercultural que no enmascare los vínculos físicos de la humanidad? Para responder a éstas y otras interrogantes, el autor analiza en qué consisten los vínculos globales y la forma en que las culturas se insertan en ellos.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 629-639.
The portrayal of Africa in the newspaper Zgodnja Danica from 1849 to 1858
Authors: Polajnar Anja
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on the image of Africa and Africans in Zgodnja Danica among Slovenes in the period from 1849 to 1858. At that time, the Catholic Mission for Central Africa under the leadership of Ignacij Knoblehar was also supported by the Austrian Empire for possible colonial expansion and the decade coincided with the beginning of the nation-building process of Slovenes. After 1848, however, the non-absolutist regime and the principles of Catholic ideology prevailed, so that only two newspapers were allowed to be published in Slovene, one of them Zgodnja Danica. Luka Jeran, the editor of the journal and strong promoter of the mission, published, translated and censored numerous letters and reports by Knoblehar and his co-workers presenting Missionary's view of the physical aspects and people of what is now Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan. The land was portrayed as »far away« with an »unhealthy climate«.                                                                                                In contrast, the people were portrayed on one side with characteristics perceived as bright, beautiful, and skilled, and on the other side as »lazy and undeveloped«, being viewed from the Western perspective of understanding development and progress. Moreover, the articles written by people who had never been to Africa generated the stereotype of a »helpless and poor« African, while the physical land was portrayed as »dark« and »dangerous«. As part of the prevailing image, numerous »fundraisers« in support of the Central African Mission show not only how Slovenes saw Africa and Africans, but also how they saw »themselves« in contrast to »the others«, forming an »auto-stereotype« of a Slovenian who can »help« those who, in their perception, need their help.
The SPARC water vapor assessment II: Assessment of satellite measurements of upper tropospheric water vapor
Authors: Read William G. , Stiller Gabriele , Lossow Stefan , Kiefer Michael , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Hurst Dale , Vömel Holger , Rosenlof Karen , Dinelli Bianca M. , Raspollini Piera , Nedoluha Gerald E. , Gille John C. , Kasai Yasuko , Eriksson Patrick , Sioris Chistopher E. , Walker Kaley A. , Weigel Katja , Burrows John P. , Rozanov Alexei
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Nineteen limb viewing (occultation and passive thermal) and two nadir humidity data sets are intercompared and also compared to frostpoint hygrometer balloon sondes. The upper troposphere considered here covers the pressure range from 300–100 hPa. Water vapor in this region is a challenging measurement because concentrations vary between 2–1000 parts per million volume with sharp changes in vertical gradients near the tropopause. The atmospheric temperature is also highly variable ranging from 180–250 K. The assessment of satellite measured humidity is based on coincident comparisons with frostpoint hygrometer sondes, multi month mapped comparisons, zonal mean time series comparisons and coincident satellite to satellite comparisons. While the satellite fields show similar features in maps and time series, quantitatively, they can differ by a factor of two in concentration, with strong dependencies on the amount of H2O. Additionally, time-lag response corrected Vaisala-RS92 radiosondes are compared to satellites and the frostpoint hygrometer measurements. In summary, most satellite data sets reviewed here show on average ~30 % agreement amongst themselves and frostpoint data but with an additional ~30 % variability about the mean. The Vaisala-RS92 sonde even with a time-lag correction shows poor behavior for pressure less than 200 hPa.
Ozone formation sensitivity study using machine learning coupled with reactivity of VOC species
Authors: Zhan Junlei , Liu Yongchun , Ma Wei , Zhang Xin , Wang Xuezhong , Bi Fang , Zhang Yujie , Wu Zhenhai , Li Hong
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The formation of ground-level ozone (O3) is dependent on both atmospheric chemical processes and meteorological factors. Traditional models have difficulty assessing O3 formation sensitivity in a timely manner due to the limitations of flexibility and computational efficiency. In this study, a random forest (RF) model coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic compound (VOC) species was used to investigate the O3 formation sensitivity in Beijing from 2014 to 2016, and evaluate the relative importance (RI) of chemical and meteorological factors to O3 formation. The results showed that the O3 prediction performance using initial concentrations of VOC species (R2 = 0.87) was better than that using total VOCs (TVOCs) concentrations (R2 = 0.77). Meanwhile, the RIs of VOC species correlated well with their O3 formation potentials (OFPs). O3 formation presented a negative response to NOx, PM2.5 and relative humidity, and a positive response to temperature, solar radiation and VOCs. The O3 isopleth curves calculated by the RF model were generally comparable with those calculated by the box model. O3 formation shifted from a VOC-limited regime to a transition regime from 2014 to 2016. This study demonstrates that the RF model coupled with the initial concentrations of VOC species could provide an accurate, flexible, and computationally efficient approach for O3 sensitivity analysis.
Technical note: Accelerator mass spectrometry of 10Be and 26Al at low nuclide concentrations
Authors: Wilcken Klaus M. , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fülöp Réka-H. , Kotevski Steven , Rood Anna H. , Rood Dylan H. , Seal Alexander J. , Simon Krista
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is currently the standard technique to measure cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al concentrations, but the challenge with measuring low nuclide concentrations is to combine high AMS measurement efficiency with low backgrounds. The current standard measurement setup at ANSTO uses the 3+ charge state with Ar stripper gas at 6 MV for Be and 4 MV for Al, achieving ion transmission through the accelerator for 10Be3+ and 26Al3+ of around 35 % and 40 %, respectively. Traditionally, 26Al measurement uncertainties are larger than those for 10Be. Here, however, we show that 26Al can be measured to similar precision as 10Be even for samples with 26Al / 27Al ratios in the range of 10−15, provided that measurement times are sufficiently long. For example, we can achieve uncertainties of 5 % for 26Al / 27Al ratios around 1 × 10−14, typical for samples of late-Holocene age or samples with long burial histories. We also provide empirical functions between the isotope ratio and achievable measurement precision, which allow predictive capabilities for future projects and serve as a benchmark for inter-laboratory comparisons. For the smallest signals, not only is understanding the source of 10Be or 26Al background events required to select the most appropriate blank correction method but also the impact of the data reduction algorithms on the obtained nuclide concentration becomes pronounced. Here we discuss approaches to background correction and recommend quality assurance practices that guide the most appropriate background correction method. Our sensitivity analysis demonstrates a 30 % difference between different background correction methods for samples with 26Al / 27Al ratios below 10−14. Finally, we show that when the measured signal is small and the number of rare isotope counts is also low, differing 26Al or 10Be concentrations may be obtained from the same data if alternate data reduction algorithms are used. Differences in the resulting isotope concentration can be 50 % or more if only very few ( 10) counts were recorded or about 30 % if single measurement is shorter than 10 min. Our study presents a comprehensive method for analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al samples down to isotope concentrations of few thousand atoms per gram of sample, which opens the door to new and more varied applications of cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Lévy-noise versus Gaussian-noise-induced Transitions in the Ghil-Sellers Energy Balance Model
Authors: Lucarini Valerio , Serdukova Larissa , Margazoglou Georgios
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We study the impact of applying stochastic forcing to the Ghil-Sellers energy balance climate model in the form of a fluctuating solar irradiance. Through numerical simulations, we explore the noise-induced transitions between the competing warm and snowball climate states. We consider multiplicative stochastic forcing driven by Gaussian and α-stable Lévy – α ∈ (0, 2) – noise laws, and examine the statistics of transition times and most probable transition paths. While the Gaussian noise case – used here as a reference – has been extensively studied in a plethora of studies on metastable systems, much less is known about the Lévy case, both in terms of mathematical theory and heuristics, especially in the case of high- and infinite-dimensional systems. In the weak noise limit, the expected residence time in each metastable state scales in a fundamentally different way in the Gaussian vs. Lévy noise case with respect to the intensity of the noise. In the former case, the classical Kramers-like exponential law is recovered. In the latter case, power laws are found, with the exponent equal to −α, in apparent agreement with rigorous results obtained for additive noise in a related – yet different – reaction-diffusion equation as well as in simpler models. The transition paths are studied in a projection of the state space and remarkable differences are observed between the two different types of noise. The snowball-to-warm and the warm-to-snowball most probable transition path cross at the single unstable edge state on the basin boundary. In the case of Lévy noise, the most probable transition paths in the two directions are wholly separated, as transitions apparently take place via the closest basin boundary region to the outgoing attractor.
The South African Families Database
Authors: Cilliers Jeanne
Published: November 2021

Very little is known about what family life looked like for settlers in colonial South Africa during the 18th or 19th century, nor how events over these centuries might have affected demographic change. The primary reason for this lacuna is a shortage of adequate data. Historians and genealogists have, over the last century, worked to combine the rich administrative records that are available in the Cape Archives in Cape Town and beyond, into a single genealogical volume of all settlers living in the 18th, 19th and early 20th century. Until recently, this valuable resource was not in a format that would enable its use for the type of event-history analyses that have come to dominate the field of contemporary historical demography. This is now changing with the introduction of the South African Families database (SAF). SAF is one of very few databases known to document a full population of immigrants and their families over several generations. This article introduces provides a brief background to, and technical overview of, the construction of the SAF. It discusses both the merits and limitations of its use in longitudinal demographic studies and offers a look into the types of studies it can enable.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of First Aid Management among School Teachers
Authors: Khalid Tehreem , Bashir Sana , Joseph Farwa , Riaz Humda , Hameed Junaid , Khan Ali , Mahar Kinza
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of first aid management among school teachers of Karachi. Study design and setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 4 schools in Karachi, from April to September 2018. Methodology: School teachers of class 1st to class 8th were included and teachers of coaching centers and academies were excluded. Data was collected through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Data was obtained using aselfadministered closed-ended questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Frequencies were calculated. Informed consent was obtained and anonymity of the subjects was maintained. Results: Total 162 participants aged 20-40 years participated in this study.Among the participants, 84% were females. Participants had inadequate knowledge of first aid and attitude towards first aid management was found to be positive and more than 90% of the respondents were ready to be trained for First Aid management. Data showed unsatisfactory results to manage common childhood injuries at school.Most of participants had poor knowledge regarding the management of epistaxis, choking, fainting and knocked out tooth. Conclusion: Although the overall attitude of the school teachers regarding first aid practices was favorable, levels of knowledge as well as practice of first aid found to be inadequate and many recognized the need for the introduction of the formal first aid training program at the school level
Comparison of Mean Efficacy of Gluma and Ultraez Desensitizer to Decrease Hypersensitivity of Vital Abutment Teeth Prepared for Full Coverage Restoration
Authors: Bashir Hamid , Rahim Shoaib , Shah Jawad , Afreen Zarah , Afreen Ammarah , Shuja Eruj
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean change in hypersensitivity between Gluma and Potassium Nitrate (UltraEz) desensitizers, on vital abutment teeth prepared for full coverage restorations. Study Design and Setting: Randomized experimental study conducted at Watim Dental College, Rawalpindi, from February to August 2019. Methodology: Total 100 patients were included in this study. Inclusion criteria consisted of both male and female patients with age ranging from 20-40 years, consisting of vital teeth and no active carious lesion. Two hours after tooth preparation, vital abutment tooth was stimulated with a blast of air and hypersensitivity of the vital abutment was measured using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Then Gluma Desensitizer was applied on vital abutment for one minute, air dried and then rinsed. After Gluma Desensitizer application, the abutment tooth was again stimulated with a blast of air and hypersensitivity of the vital abutment was measured using VAS. All the data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. P values of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS; All the teeth before tooth preparation had zero hypersensitivity. After preparation, Mean+ SD of hypersensitivity on VAS were 8.92 + 0.77 and 8.96 + 0.75 in Group A (Gluma) and Group B (UltraEz) respectively. After desensitizers application, Mean+ SD of hypersensitivity on VAS were 4.00 + 0.75 and 2.00 + 0.72 in Group A (Gluma) and Group B (UltraEz) respectively. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that both desensitizers reduce Hypersensitivity but UltraEz Desensitizer (containing Potassium Nitrate) relieves Hypersensitivity to a greater extent than Gluma Desensitizer when used on vital teeth prepared for providing conventional Fixed Dental Prosthesis
Impeding Minocycline Induced Hyperpigmentation by Pomegranate Extracting the Epidermis of Guinea Pig
Authors: Fatimee Sarwath , Younus Nadia , Sundus Sadia , Mahar Yasmeen , Alam Syed , Ahmed Syeda
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study was planned over the hypothesis that pomegranate extract rich in ellagic acid used with minocycline could decrease its adverse effect and prolong its therapeutic use and efficacy. Study design and Setting: This experimental study was done in the department of anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Methodology: We acquired 40 guinea pigs (male, adult, 450 – 550 gm), randomly divided them into 4 groups.Group B received 0.0003mg/g bodyweight of minocycline only, group C was given 0.0003mg/g bodyweight of minocycline with 0.4mg/g bodyweight of pomegranate, group D was given 0.4mg/g bodyweight pomegranate only; with keeping group A with no intervention at laboratory diet for 8 weeks. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, H & E and DOPA-OXIDASE staining was done on harvested skin tissues for morphometric observations under light microscopy. Results: The results showed that minocycline induced reduction in mean thickness of epidermis and increased melanin pigment deposition. Mean number of melanocytes decreased with pomegranate use though the difference was insignificant (P-value > 0.05) but consistent and measurable. Conclusions: It was proven that by including pomegranate in our daily diet, the process of hyperpigmentation of skin induced by the broad spectrum tetracycline particularly minocycline, can be slow down by decreasing the activity of tyrosinase enzyme, thus it provides a novel pathway to fight against any other drug induced hyperpigmentation occurring due to increase activity of tyrosinase enzyme
Self-Medication Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Khan Hina , Siddiqui Jamil , Khan Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of self-medication among undergraduate students of medical sciences Study design and setting: Cross-sectional Study was conducted at Al-Tibri Medical College Hospital, from October 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: Data was collected after an ethical approval of concerned institute; total of 150 students included from the 1st, 3rd and final year of MBBS. Valid questionnaire was used to evaluate the response of the participants regarding selfmedication. Verbal consent was taken from the students, and then they were asked to fill their responses. Data was evaluated in the form of frequency and percentages through SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square test was applied, and the level of significance was considered p=<0.05 Results: Out of total of 150 students, 58.7% were males and 41.3% females. In students of 1st, 3rd and 5th year the most common morbidity for seeking self-medication was headache, flu/cough, fever, and pain. The percentage of drug/ drug groups commonly used for self-medication included antipyretics being 36%, 54% and 64%, antibiotics were 50%, 86% and 90%, and analgesics was 42%, 62% and 64% in 1st, 3rd and 5th years respectively. Common reasons for pursuing selfmedication were minor illnesses (50%, 81%, 94%), easy availability (52%, 82%, 92%) and quick-relief (50%, 58%, 100%) in 1st, 3rd and 5th year respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, self-medication was observed in a large percentage of students. Thus, medical curricula need further consideration to promote awareness regarding the disadvantages of self-medication in undergraduates so we can curb this self-medication culture from our society
HOME / ARCHIVES / VOL. 10 NO. 4 (2020): VOLUME 10 ISSUE 4 / Original Articles Expression of BRAF V600E in Tissue Samples of Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Various Clinico-Pathological Parameters
Authors: Wasti Hina , Shawana Summayyah , Hussain Beenish , Sidhwani Santosh , Mir Rubbab , Fatima Hareem
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the expression of BRAF V600E in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and to correlate it with various clinico-pathological parameters. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Pathology, Pakistan Navy Station Shifa hospital Karachi from 1st March 2016 to 28th February 2019 Methodology: Total of 51 cases of colorectal cancer were analyzed for immunohistochemical staining using BRAF antibodies on representative tissue blocks. Clinical and pathological records were retrieved for data collection. The results of immunohistochemical analysis were correlated with the recorded clinico-pathological parameters. Results: In this study 51 cases of colorectal cancer were analyzed for immune expression of BRAF V600E. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 85 years with the mean age of 60.96 years. Among the 51 cases, 37(72.5%) cases were males and 14(27.4%) were females. 37(72.5%) were localized to left side colon and 14(27.4%) were found in the right colon. For BRAF V600E, positive expression was seen in 20(39.2%) cases, whereas 31(60.7%) cases showed negative expression of BRAFV600E. No significant association was seen between BRAF V600E expression and histological variants like age, gender, tumor location and glandular carcinomas. Conclusion: BRAF V600E immunosuppression was seen in 39.2% of colorectal carcinoma in this study. No significant association was seen in BRAF V600E expression and histological variants
Assessment of Location of Mental Foramen in Mandible Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography
Authors: Rahim Shoaib , Shakoor Maria , Qureshi Ali
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the mean distance of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients reporting to tertiary care center using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). Study design and setting: Cross-Sectional Study was carried out in the Prosthodontics Department, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Total 100 patients between the age of 20-45 years were participated. CBCT investigation was carried out and measurements of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients were recorded with the help of measuring tools in the software and noted down on the performa. SPSS version 20 was used analyze the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. . Frequency and percentages were calculated for variable gender (qualitative). For quantitative variables like age, distance mental foramen from the mandibular Symphysis and inferior border of mandible, mean + SD were calculated. Independent samples t-test was used to compare quantitative variables like distance MF from the mandibular symphysis/midline and inferior border of mandible. P values < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The Mean+SD distance of anterior border of mental foramen from symphysis on left and right side were 24.12+2.835 and 24.88+2.637 and from the lower border of mandible were 11.97+1.359 and 12.00+1.764 respectively. Conclusion: The mean vertical and horizontal distances calculated in this study can provide a useful guide to dentist to safely place dental implants within the inter-foraminal region in our population
Canaries in the climate coal mine: Climate change and COVID-19 as meta-crisis
Authors: Robinson Laura
Published: November 2021

For many Brazilians and Americans, the year 2020 was marked by unprecedented environmental catastrophes alongside the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil and the United States, the impact of these existential threats was particularly acute in the third quarter of the year with both countries experiencing record-breaking environmental disasters and high mortality rates from the virus. The research examines a media flashpoint on the eve of the 2020 U.S. presidential election: a transnational discussion between Brazilians and Americans hosted by three flagship papers in Brazil and the U.S.: O Estado de São Paolo, Folha de São Paulo, and the New York Times. Engaging with one another across the three digital discourse fora, Brazilian and American contributors discuss the double onslaught of the pandemic and climate change. For them, the simultaneous threats of extreme climate events and viral contamination amplify each other, generating a traumatic sense of meta-crisis. This sense of meta-crisis encompasses a collective acknowledgment of the breakdown of two key societal institutions in both Brazil and the United States meant to combat these existential crises: science and the media. The perception of these institutions as dysfunctional further exacerbates the collective cultural trauma among Brazilians and Americans. In making these connections, this article puts theories of cultural trauma into dialogue with emergent scholarship on the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change from a cross-national perspective.
A fork in the road: Perspectives on sustainability and decentralised governance in digital institutions
Authors: Lovett Matthew , Thomas Lee
Published: November 2021

A digital institution is a set of computer-based rules that perform intermediating roles upon which one or more person’s well-being depends. This article argues that governance, the processes and customs by which rules are agreed, is critical to the sustainability of the digital institution and therefore of society more broadly. The objective of this work was to interrogate whether emerging decentralised architectures (blockchain) can offer new perspectives on digital sustainability in the form of decentralised governance. Firstly, the literature on decentralised modes of governance was synthesised. Then, existing digital institutions were reviewed, categorised and mapped onto a multi-domain layered conceptual framework that draws out three distinct modes for enactment of changes to digital institution rules; direct, integrated, and fork-based. We concluded that the coupling of decentralised governance approaches with fork-based or integrated enactment stands to enhance digital sustainability through increased perception of trustworthiness afforded through independently verifiable and cryptographically secure audit trails.
Digitization, social capital, and subjective well-being across the globe
Authors: Karabchuk Tatiana , Shomotova Aizhan
Published: November 2021

Previous research showed the positive impact of social capital measured as trust, social and political activism, and the frequency of communication via information channels on life satisfaction. The usage of new technologies brings changes in human communications and connections. At the same time, the recent massive digitalization of social life questions happiness sustainability. This research highlights the moderation effect of digital development at the national level on the association of social capital and subjective well-being at individual level. With the help of multilevel modeling based on the latest wave of World Value Survey data for 2017–2020, we test how the Internet, mobile phone and social media penetration in a given country moderate the link between subjective well-being of individuals and their social capital measured as trust, confidence in institutions, social and political activism, and frequency of usage of information channels. The results demonstrated a significantly important role of the new technologies for individual happiness and life satisfaction. Thus, for example, the higher number of social media users in a given country improves membership opportunities, which positively contributes to individual happiness.
Novel 8-Port Network
Authors:   Bachelor of Electronics and Communications, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, ALSAMKARI W. M. , AFFANDI ADNAN. M. ,   Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2021

The proposed 8-port network which consists of 4-coupler combined in unique way to produce 8-port network. This network with the proper terminations will find many applications in microwave and millimeter wave networks. This proposed 8-port network (with the proper termination) can be used as power combiner divider, six-port reflect meter in order to measure both the amplitude and the phase of the network under test. The proposed 8-port also can be used as phase comparator in a monopulse radar system for determining both the azimuth and the elevation of the target (K. Chang, et al, 1987). In addition, the circuit can be utilized as a 4-way power combiner/divider with the sub-arms isolated from one another. Generally, this 8-port network enjoys a compact structure which contains slots in sections the ground plane and between the coupled lines in order to improve the performance of this networks. Also this circuit can be utilized with proper termination as a network synthesize (G. Matthaei, et al, 1980). In the theoretical analysis of the proposed 8-port network, unique signal flow has been developed for this proposed. The purpose of the 8-port has been fabricated on Roger substrate of dielectric constant (ɛṛ = 3.38) and (thickness of the substrate is =0.2).
Teaching English Language Courses for Tourism and Hospitality Purposes (A Study of Graduates Workplace Needs)
Authors:   Assoc. Prof. in TEFL, Faculty Member Al Istiqlal University, Palestine, Qaddumi Hussam , Masood Khaled ,   Asst. Prof. in English language, Head of English Department Al Istiqlal University, Palestine, Qaddumi Hassan ,   Asst. Prof. in Applied Geography, Faculty Member Hebron University, Palestine, Rammal Samir ,   Asst. Prof. in Translation, Faculty Member, Birzeit University, Palestine
Published: November 2021

When taking into account Palestinian tourism sites, mastering language English for instance is a prerequisite for serving and offering tourism services in tourist places such as Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Jericho and Hebron after graduation. In Palestine, English for Specific Purposes especially in hospitality and tourism purposes has not been given much investigation in research. Globally, English language is used as a medium of communication in contexts such as hospitality, travel, and tourism. This study examined how English language is used to prepare tourism and hospitability learners who anticipate serving in Palestinian tourism sites. The data indicated that the learners’ perceptions of the courses offered in English are not consistent with their aspirations and perceived academic English language needs, and their response to how they perceive the importance of English language needs was moderate. Based on these findings, the study suggests restructuring these courses and reconsidering the adopted teaching methods to help learners receive proper instruction geared towards intended learning outcomes and meets their future workplace needs. For future studies, it is recommended that quantitative and qualitative researches are needed to be carried out to analyze the actual needs of undergraduate students to the English language in programs hotel management and tourism.
Importance of the Duodenal Window and Fredet’s Fascia in Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: Technical Note
Authors:   Surgical Emergency Unit, Department of General Surgery,  Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK, Tebala Giovanni , Di Saverio Salomone ,   Department of General Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy, Gallo Gaetano ,   Department of General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy, Cirocchi Roberto ,   Department of General Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, Milani Marika ,   Department of General Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy, Bond-Smith Giles ,   Surgical Emergency Unit, Department of General Surgery,  Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
Published: November 2021

Background: Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy requires a precise anatomical dissection to mobilise the right and proximal transverse mesocolon, following the avascular fusion planes of Toldt and Fredet. Fredet’s plane is crucial to the preparation of the origin of vessels. Easy access to Fredet’s and Toldt’s fasciae can be obtained through the “duodenal window”, a flimsy area of the root of the proximal transverse mesocolon, the margins of which are the right border of the superior mesenteric pedicle, the ileocolic pedicle, the right colic pedicle and the marginal artery. Method: We propose that dissection of the duodenal window should be the first step in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, to obtain easy access to the duodenopancreatic plane and prepare the fascia. Results: This “duodenal window-first” technique has been applied in 45 laparoscopic right hemicolectomies and 14 laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomies, with only two conversions to open surgery. The duodenal window was easily identified in all but 3 cases with significant visceral obesity. No significant intra- or postoperative morbidity was recorded in these cases and the median postoperative length of stay was 4 days. All resections were R0 and an adequate number of retrieved lymph nodes were obtained in almost all cases. Conclusion: The duodenal window-first approach is a feasible and safe technique to standardise the first steps of radical laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, allowing prompt and complete anatomical identification and dissection.
Vanakripa chinensis sp. nov. from China and notes on the genus
Authors: Zhang Kai , Guo Weihua , Li De-Wei , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: November 2021

A new species Vanakripa chinensis found on decaying branches of an unidentified tree is described and illustrated. It is characterized by sporodochial conidiomata composed of macronematous, cylindrical conidiophores that are sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells and obovoid,
unicellular, brown, smooth conidia with a black spot near the middle. Notes on conidiogenous events in the genus Vanakripa and a key to the species are provided.
Neosporidesmium himachalense sp. nov. from India and Neosporidesmina gen. nov. to accommodate N. micheliae
Authors: Verma Rajnish Kumar , Prasher I.B. , Sushma  , Gautam Ajay Kumar , Rajeshkumar Kunhiraman C. , Kumar Ashish , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: November 2021

A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified angiosperm in Mandi Himachal Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by macronematous, laterally and terminally diverging conidiophores, terminal, doliiform,
monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and obclavate 7–18-distoseptate, pale brown conidia. A new genus Neosporidesmina is proposed for Neosporidesmium micheliae, which has euseptate conidia.
Racocetra cromosomica sp. nov. from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Chimal-Sánchez Eduardo , Reyes-Jaramillo Irma , Camargo-Ricalde Sara Lucía , Varela Lucía , Salmerón Castro Jose Yabín , Montaño Noé Manuel
Published: November 2021

Analysis of soil samples collected in the rhizosphere of Agave karwinskii in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico, revealed an undescribed species of Racocetra that possesses ornamented spores. The ornamentation on the outer layer of the external spore wall consisted
of rounded and elongated processes, which are organized in such a way that they look like chromosomes. Therefore, the new species was named Racocetra cromosomica. It is the first species of Racocetraceae (Gigasporales) described from Oaxaca, one of the Mexican states having
the greatest floristic diversity.
Diplodia bulgarica, a new record for Turkey
Authors: Eken Cafer
Published: November 2021

Diplodia bulgarica on Malus domestica, a new species for the Turkish mycobiota, is described briefly and illustrated. A pathogenicity test showed that D. bulgarica was highly aggressive to apple plants.
Community Participation in Efforts to Develop Islamic Religious Education
Authors: Munir Miftakhul
Published: November 2021

Community participation means that the community participates in and accompanies the government because in reality the government is currently the designer and organizer. Development of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which means a process or system of hard work to change conditions that are related to the work or products of humans in building Islamic Education to be better in all its aspects and to have a wider impact and benefits than before. The purpose of this study is to describe community participation in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and supporting and inhibiting factors for community participation in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Karangketug Village, Gadingrejo District, Pasuruan City. This research is a qualitative research approach. The informants of this research were the head of RW 3, the head of the RT and the surrounding community. Data collection methods in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. Sources of data used in this study are primary data sources and secondary data sources. The results obtained from this study are 1) Community participation in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Karangketug Village, Gadingrejo District, Pasuruan City can be seen in terms of: first, community participation in developing various religious activities. Second, participation in providing support with religious activities. Third, participation in funding and infrastructure for Islamic Religious Education, namely by making contributions that have been mutually agreed upon and contributing to Islamic religious education infrastructure, namely in the form of equipment for samroh activities such as tambourines and so on. 2) The supporting factors for community participation in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) are the support from various parties including the village government, the head of RW 3, the head of RT 1, and the surrounding community. The inhibiting factors for community participation in efforts to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) are erratic community time together, weather, health conditions, and a small proportion of people who are lazy to participate in activities.
As principais causas obstétricas diretas de morte materna no período puerperal no Brasil
Authors: Melo Bruna Silva de , Paiva Daniele Socorro de Brito Souza , Ramos Amanda Maués , Conceição Marcelle Pinho , Gomes Victória Moreira
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A mortalidade materna ainda representa um problema evidente na saúde pública nos países em desenvolvimento, entre os quais se inclui o Brasil. Segundo a Organização Mundial daSaúde, a morte materna é definida como a morte de uma mulher durante a gravidez ou no período de 42 dias após o seu término. As causas de mortalidade materna são divididas em: causas obstétricas diretas, as quais resultam de complicações obstétricas na gravidez, parto ou puerpério; e causas obstétricas indiretas, que são resultantes de patologias preexistentes à gravidez ou que se desenvolveram durante o período gestacional e foram agravadas pelos seus efeitos fisiológicos. Objetivo: Descrever as cinco principais causas obstétricas diretas de morte materna no puerpério. Métodos: Esta pesquisa baseou-se no método quantitativo, com uso da análise documental mediante os dados disponibilizados pelo site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), a qual foi realizada em duas etapas: na primeira, delimitaram-se as principais causas de mortes maternas, os tipos de causas obstétricas diretas, o período do puerpério (até 42 dias) e os anos (2015-2019); na segunda etapa, observou-se a tabela e descreveram-se os dados identificados. Resultados: No período em estudo, o total de mortes maternas por causas obstétricas diretas no período puerperal foi de 3.297, das quais, em primeiro lugar, encontra-se a eclâmpsia, com o total de 444 mortes (13,4%), seguida por hipertensão gestacional com proteinúria significativa, responsável por 421 mortes (12,7%), em terceiro e quarto lugar hemorragia pós-parto, com 407 óbitos (12,4%), e embolia de origem obstétrica, com 290 mortes (8,7%), respectivamente, e infecção puerperal no quinto lugar, responsável por 283 óbitos (8,5%). Conclusão: Diante dos dados analisados, concluiu-se que a elevada taxa de mortalidade materna ainda é um desafio para o sistema de saúde brasileiro. Além disso, evidenciou-se que as principais causas são evitáveis por intermédio do fortalecimento da rede de atenção no pré-natal e pela adequada assistência realizada no período puerperal.
Visual Acuity Screening for early detection on Students Using Twin Cards Optotype
Authors: Wahyudi Didik
Published: November 2021

Myopia is seen as a benign condition which is a public health problem and must be given attention, concerning visual problems, quality of life, and economic consequences. Nearly half of the world's blindness has been caused by uncorrected refraction, with myopia occupying a high percentage of the group, meaning myopia is the beginning of blindness. Uncorrected disturbances of visual acuity should be screened This study aims to develop a method of screening for myopia in school children, resulting in twin card optotypes. The study was carried out by diagnostic tests to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of twin card optotypes in screening for visual impairment in schoolchildren using primary data from the visual test. The results of this study are twin card optotypes which can easily be used in almost any condition, without requiring access to electricity, not causing variables bullies in a row of questions on the same letter size. Faster time because it does not cause repeated questions one paper one object. Installation does not require encoding on the wall, avoid memorization and avoid factors from concerns about clinical validity and application accuracy. Conclusion Sensitivity of sharp vision screening method Optotip twin card when compared with snoten optotip vision sharpening method which is 83.33% while specificity is 71.43 %. Keywords: Screening, myopia, twin card optotypes
Vitamin D and Calcium Levels in Female Hypothyroid Patients Presenting to OPD in Sialkot: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Muhammad Hafsa , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Muhammad Aisha , Laique Talha
Published: November 2021

Vitamin D is an important vitamin for bone metabolism and development of immune functions. Purpose: To determine the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and calcium in diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism in comparison to healthy controls group. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Total subjects were sixty with n=30. Control group comprised of normal females and diseased group had females that were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Blood was collected from all the subjects from antecubital vein. Serum was separated to determine the serum levels of vitamin D and calcium. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. T-test applied for comparison between groups with P-value <0.05 as significant. Results: Serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and calcium levels were significantly lower in the diseased group as compared to the control group having P-value < 0.001. Conclusion: This study clearly showed that hypothyroid patients were deficient in vitamin D and calcium as they had lower serum levels when compared with healthy individuals. Key Words: 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Calcium, Hypothyroidism and Healthy Individuals.
Oral or nasal breathing; preferred breathing pattern for endodontics
Authors: Sana Usman , Rehman Attique Ur , Haroon Faizan , Yousaf Lubna , Virda Maryam , Fatima Meral , Tariq Amina
Published: November 2021

Objective: The objective of study was to explore the relationship of breathing and pain during endodontic therapy. Materials and methods: 500 patients who presented in the department of operative dentistry were included in the study. Numeric pain scale was used to document the pain perceived during endodontic therapy. Results were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Among the 500 cases, 250 cases presented with mild pain, 158 presented with moderate pain while 92 presented with severe pain. 55.4% cases were of nasal breathers while 44.6% cases were of oral breathers. Conclusion: Patients presenting with nasal breathing pattern reported with mild pain perception during endodontic therapy when compared to patients who were oral breathers. Considering life style modifications like breathing patterns, body hydration and sleep impact the patient’s life and pain management during endodontic therapy. Educating patients on proper breathing and its benefits will have positive outcome on endodontic therapy. Keywords: Oral breathing, nasal breathing, pain perception, endodontics.