bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better cardiovascular health is associated with slowed clinical progression in autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration variant carriers
Authors: VandeBunte Anna M. , Lee Hyunwoo , Paolillo Emily W. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Staffaroni Adam M. , Saloner Rowan , Tartaglia Carmela , Yaffe Kristine , Knopman David S. , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Rascovsky Katya , Bozoki Andrea C. , Wong Bonnie , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Snyder Allison , Pressman Peter , Mendez Mario F. , Litvan Irene , Fields Julie A. , Galasko Douglas R. , Darby Ryan , Masdeu Joseph C. , Pasqual Maria Belen , Honig Lawrence S. , Ghoshal Nupur , Appleby Brian S. , Mackenzie Ian R. , Heuer Hilary W. , Kramer Joel H. , Boxer Adam L. , Forsberg Leah K. , Boeve Brad , Rosen Howard J. , Casaletto Kaitlin B. ,   the ALLFTD Consortium
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular health is important for brain aging, yet its role in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant or atypical forms of dementia has not been fully elucidated. We examined relationships between Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and clinical trajectories in individuals with autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

METHODS

Two hundred forty‐seven adults carrying FTLD pathogenic genetic variants (53% asymptomatic) and 189 non‐carrier controls completed baseline LS7, and longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing.

RESULTS

Among variant carriers, higher baseline LS7 is associated with slower accumulation of frontal white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), as well as slower memory and language declines. Higher baseline LS7 associated with larger baseline frontotemporal volume, but not frontotemporal volume trajectories.

DISCUSSION

Better baseline cardiovascular health related to slower cognitive decline and accumulation of frontal WMHs in autosomal dominant FTLD. Optimizing cardiovascular health may be an important modifiable approach to bolster cognitive health and brain integrity in FTLD.

Highlights

Better cardiovascular health associates with slower cognitive decline in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).

Lifestyle relates to the accumulation of frontal white matter hyperintensities in FTLD.

More optimal cardiovascular health associates with greater baseline frontotemporal lobe volume.

Optimized cardiovascular health relates to more favorable outcomes in genetic dementia.
Polymer composites from waste plastics and reclaimed rubber from tires for sustainable development
Authors: Singh Prithvendra , Singh Devendra Narain
Published: September 2024

The swift growth of the automobile industry has resulted in the generation of huge quantities of waste rubber from end‐of‐life tires. Incidentally, the humungous quantities of waste plastics that are an integral part of the legacy landfills/dumpsites, lying unattended and about which not many valorization schemes are available, pose various geoenvironmental issues apart from occupying a lot of landfill space. These situations might end up being a blessing in disguise if a strategy to utilize both waste rubber and waste plastic, segregated post landfill/dumpsite biomining, in tandem by manufacturing polymer composites by resorting to extrusion process followed by the injection molding, for different engineering applications. Thus, the physical, mechanical, thermal, morphological, and leaching properties of the manufactured polymer composites were evaluated in this study. The tensile strength and impact resistance of polymer composites were between 4.3–26.9 MPa and 9.4–20 kJ/m2, respectively. Their glass transition temperature lies between −81.13 and − 50.04°C. The leachable concentration of heavy metals and organic compounds was within acceptable limits for drinking water and permissible limits for inland surface water disposal. Therefore, this study contributes valuable insights into using waste materials for polymer composites manufacturing, which would be further helpful in achieving sustainable development goals and circular economy.
Alterations to peritubular capillary structure in a rat model of kidney interstitial fibrosis: Implications for oxygen diffusion
Authors: Gazzard Sarah E. , Cullen‐McEwen Luise A. , Nikulina Marina , Clever Arnold B. , Gardiner Bruce S. , Smith David W. , Lee Chang‐Joon , Nyengaard Jens R. , Evans Roger G. , Bertram John F.
Published: September 2024

Fibrosis and loss of functional capillary surface area may contribute to renal tissue hypoxia in a range of kidney diseases. However, there is limited quantitative information on the impact of kidney disease on the barriers to oxygen diffusion from cortical peritubular capillaries (PTCs) to kidney epithelial tubules. Here, we used stereological methods to quantify changes in total cortical PTC length and surface area, PTC length and surface densities, and diffusion distances between PTCs and kidney tubules in adenine‐induced kidney injury. After 7 days of oral gavage of adenine (100 mg), plasma creatinine was 3.5‐fold greater than in vehicle‐treated rats, while total kidney weight was 83% greater. The total length of PTCs was similar in adenine‐treated (1.47 ± 0.23 km (mean ± standard deviation)) to vehicle‐treated (1.24 ± 0.24 km) rats, as was the surface density of PTCs (0.025 ± 0.002 vs. 0.024 ± 0.004 μm2/μm3). The total surface area of PTCs was 69% greater in adenine‐treated than vehicle‐treated rats. However, the length density of PTCs was 28% less in adenine‐treated than vehicle‐treated rats. Diffusion distances, from PTCs to the basal membrane of the nearest renal tubule (108%), and to the mid‐point of the cytoplasmic height of the nearest tubular epithelial cell (57%), were markedly increased. These findings indicate that, in adenine‐induced kidney injury, expansion of the renal cortical interstitium increases the distance required for diffusion of oxygen from PTCs to tubules, rendering the kidney cortex susceptible to hypoxia.
Exploring the chemical space around chrysin to develop novel vascular CaV1.2 channel blockers, promising vasorelaxant agents
Authors: Falbo Federica , Carullo Gabriele , Panti Alice , Spiga Ottavia , Gianibbi Beatrice , Ahmed Amer , Campiani Giuseppe , Ramunno Anna , Aiello Francesca , Fusi Fabio
Published: September 2024

The flavonoid chrysin is an effective vascular CaV1.2 channel blocker. The aim of this study was to explore the chemical space around chrysin to identify the structural features that can be modified to develop novel and more effective blockers. Four derivatives (Chrysin 1–4) were synthesised and a functional, electrophysiology and molecular docking approach was pursued to assess their binding mode to CaV1.2 channels and their activity in vascular preparations. Methylation of the 5‐ and 7‐OH of the chrysin backbone caused a marked reduction of the Ca2+ antagonistic potency and efficacy. However, C‐8 derivatives showed biophysical features similar to those of the parent compound and, like nicardipine, bound with high affinity to and stabilised the CaV1.2 channel in its inactivated state. The vasorelaxant effects of the four derivatives appeared vessel‐specific, addressing the molecules' derivatization towards different targets. In conclusion, the scaffold of chrysin may be considered a valuable starting point for the development of innovative vascular CaV1.2 channel blockers.
Iron‐Chelating Hydroxyketone Ligands Promote Degradation of Fe(III)‐Tannic Acid Nanofilms
Authors: Joo Hyejin , Kim Seulbi , Park Kyungran , Jang Seong Yoon , Kang Kyungtae , Kim Hyungjun , Park Ji Hun
Published: September 2024

Polyphenols form nanofilms with transition metal ions by coordination‐driven assembly. The as‐formed metal‐polyphenol nanofilms can degrade in the presence of chelating ligands that exhibit high stability constant with the nanofilm‐forming metal ions. We have demonstrated the degradation of Fe(III)‐tannic acid nanofilms with hydroxyketone ligands, such as maltol, kojic acid, and deferiprone, which exhibit high availability and excellent cytocompatibility. The concentration screening experiments have been performed with different ligand concentrations ranging from 1 mM–25 mM. It is important to note that only deferiprone degrades Fe(III)‐TA nanofilms even at 1 mM, and it retains the degradation activity at pH 7.4. The characteristic degradation activity of hydroxyketone ligands to Fe(III)‐TA nanofilms may depend upon their pKa value and stability constant. The degradation studies herein are attractive for the development of biomedical applications utilizing metal‐polyphenol nanofilms as a sacrificial template.
Distributed fault estimation observer design for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with directed graphs
Authors: Weng Yuhui , Liu Jianwei , Liu Huiwen , Qin Ruizhi
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the issue of fault estimation in nonlinear multi‐agent systems characterized by a leader–follower structure within directed graphs. The proposed approach begins by developing a distributed fault observer that utilizes relative output estimation error. Subsequently, a dynamic error system is constructed to convert the fault estimation problem into a stability problem for the dynamic error system. Finally, the conditions for achieving asymptotic boundedness of the dynamic error system are presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results substantiate the efficacy of the proposed method, revealing the ability of the distributed fault observer to accurately estimate faults occurring in multiple followers of the multi‐agent system.
Prominently selective fluorescence approach with distinctive biopharmaceutical utility for analysis of lurasidone in human plasma and urine: Application to in vitro dissolution and content uniformity testing
Authors: Mostafa Yasmeen E. , Metwally Mohammed El‐Sayed , Elsebaei Fawzi
Published: September 2024

A relevant approach based on the attractive inherited merits of fluorescence spectroscopy has been established for quantitative estimation of a newly approved second‐generation atypical antipsychotic lurasidone (LUR) in its raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study brings to light the strong native fluorescence of LUR at 400 nm in water after excitation at 316 nm. Different experimental parameters that may compromise the fluorescence of the drug were carefully investigated and optimized. A linear response was established between the relative fluorescence intensity and concentration over the concentration range of 50–650 ng/mL with excellent correlation (r = 0.9998). The validity of the method was evidenced in accordance with International Council for Harmonization guidelines, with minimal detection and quantification limits of 2.88 and 8.73 ng/mL, respectively. The method was effectively applied for the estimation of LUR in spiked human plasma and urine samples with acceptable recoveries. The biopharmaceutical significance of the method was heightened by its successful applications for both content uniformity and in vitro dissolution testing. Three different tools accredited the greenness character of the presented study. Eco‐friendliness, effortlessness, and cost effectiveness are crucial hallmarks of our study. The presented study demonstrates potential applicability in quality control laboratories with limited resources.
Post‐traumatic cauda equina concussion: Definition and description of the injury mechanism
Authors: Asan Ziya , Saray Hatice
Published: September 2024

Despite being a prevalent clinical condition, cauda equina concussion has not been thoroughly elucidated in the literature. The aim of this study is to delineate the etiology and pathogenesis of cauda equina concussion and its associated clinical manifestations. Patients exhibiting clinical manifestations indicative of spinal cord injury and transient neurological deficits after spinal trauma were evaluated retrospectively. The pathogenesis was elucidated through correlating clinical presentations with radiological findings. Neurological deficits were categorized into two principal groups, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Non‐penetrating fractures were classified to ascertain the relationship between the type of trauma and the ensuing neurological deficits. A cohort of 82 patients was diagnosed with cauda equina concussion. Among these, 58 had experienced vertical trauma resulting from falls, while 24 had encountered axial trauma in vehicular accidents. Stable spinal fractures were identified in 52 patients across multiple levels, whereas single‐level fractures were observed in 30. Asymmetrical neurological deficits were detected in 51 (62.19%) patients, with a notably higher incidence among those subjected to vertical trauma (p < 0.014). The mean recovery time was 14.25 ± 15.16 h for sensory deficits and 11.25 ± 13.36 h for motor deficits in those patients. Notably, motor deficits resolved more expeditiously than sensory deficits in all cases presenting with both. Cauda equina concussion emerges as a frequently encountered clinical phenomenon attributable to the impact of high‐energy vertical forces. Neurological deficits commonly manifest asymmetrically. The rapid resolution of neurological deficits presents challenges for the diagnostic process.
Rudimentary left atrial appendage in a patient with a history of CVA
Authors: Sardari Akram , Nakhaee Akram , Larti Farnoosh , Roozitalab Maryam
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Rudimentary left atrial appendage (LAA) is an extremely rare condition with an unclear association with cerebrovascular events. This case report discusses a patient with an unexplained cerebrovascular accident (CVA), where the diagnosis of rudimentary LAA was made using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and subsequently confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Rudimentary left atrial appendage (LAA) is extremely rare. This report presents the case of a 50‐year‐old woman who experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and was found to have a rudimentary LAA. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus rhythm, and Holter monitoring did not detect any atrial fibrillation (AF). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed to identify the source of cardiac emboli, revealing a rudimentary LAA with no thrombus present.
Individualized tacrolimus therapy: Insights from CYP3A5 polymorphisms and intestinal metabolism
Authors: Mishima Mizuki , Yabe Tomohisa , Kondo Takaya , Fujimoto Keiji , Takata Ryoji , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Niida Yo , Tanaka Tatsuro , Miyazawa Katsuhito , Furuichi Kengo
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are the most abundant and important enzymes of the CYP3A subfamily, distributed in the liver, intestinal mucosa and kidney, and involved in tacrolimus metabolism. Here, we report a case of tacrolimus dosage refractoriness due to a genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5.
The Non‐Centrosymmetric Borate Hydride Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5
Authors: Mutschke Alexander , Wylezich Thomas , Beran Přemysl , Hölderle Tobias , Baran Volodymyr , Avdeev Maxim , Karttunen Antti J. , Kunkel Nathalie
Published: September 2024

Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5, as the second compound to combine borate and hydride ions, has been synthesized by a mechanochemical synthesis route. The structure has been elucidated by synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction and determined to crystallize in the non‐centrosymmetric space group P63mc (186) with the cell parameters a=10.87762(15) Å and c=6.98061(11) Å. A detailed investigation of the compound by vibrational spectroscopy in combination with Density Functional Theory calculations reveals the disordered nature of the structure and proves the presence of both borate and hydride ions. Electronic band structure calculations predict a large band gap of 7.1 eV. Hydride states are predicted at the topmost valence band, which agrees well with earlier reported heteroanionic hydrides. We hereby were able to successfully apply previously synthetic and analytical schemes to introduce another member of the rare compounds that contain complex oxoanions simultaneously with hydride ions.
Characterization of open chromatin sensitive to actin polymerization and identification of core‐binding factor subunit beta as mechanosensitive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein
Authors: Li Yaxin , Li Kangjing , Nakamura Fumihiko
Published: September 2024

Mechanotransduction leads to a variety of biological responses including gene expression, changes in cell shape, migration, tissue development, and immune responses. Dysregulation of mechanotransduction is implicated in the progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in transmitting mechanical stimuli. Actin filaments, essential for cell motility and shape changes, respond to mechanical cues by remodeling, influencing gene expression via the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex and mechanosensitive transcription factors. This study employs the dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP)‐micrococcal nuclease (MNase) proteogenomics method to explore the relationship between cellular mechanosensing, chromatin architecture, and the identification of proteins involved in mechanosensitive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, revealing how actin polymerization affects chromatin and gene expression. We found that depolymerization of actin filaments by latrunculin B (Lat B) for 30 min is sufficient to alter open chromatin and identified core‐binding factor subunit beta as mechanosensitive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein.
Clinicopathologic and prognostic characteristics of tumor budding‐like in giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Zheng Bo‐Wen , Zheng Bo‐Yv , Yang Zhen , Niu Hua‐Qing , Zhu Guo‐Qiang , Zou Ming‐Xiang , Liu Fu‐Sheng , Xia Chao
Published: September 2024

Background

Currently, tumor budding (TB) is defined as an important factor for a poor prognosis in various types of cancers. The authors identified a significant presence of TB‐like structures at the tumor invasive front in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), which may have the same biologic function as TB. The objective of this report was to describe the distribution of TB in GCTB and investigate its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics, the immune microenvironment, survival prognosis, and response to denosumab treatment.

Methods

This multicenter cohort study included 426 patients with GCTB who received treatment between 2012 and 2021 at four centers. Two independent pathologists performed visual assessments of TBL structures in hematoxylin‐and‐eosin–stained tumor sections. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes (CD3‐positive, CD4‐positive, CD8‐positive, CD20‐positive, programmed cell death protein‐1–positive, programmed cell death‐ligand 1positive, and FoxP3‐positive) as well as Ki‐67 expression levels in 426 tissue samples. These parameters were then analyzed for associations with patient outcomes (local recurrence‐free survival [LRFS] and overall survival [OS]), clinicopathologic characteristics, and response to denosumab treatment.

Results

High‐grade TB was associated with poorer LRFS and OS in both patient groups. In addition, TB was correlated with various clinicopathologic features, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte expression, and response to denosumab treatment. TB outperformed the traditional Enneking and Campanacci staging systems in predicting patient LRFS and OS.

Conclusions

The current data support the assessment of TBL structures as a reliable prognostic tool in GCTB, potentially aiding in the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients.
Winter Wheat Historic Trends and Yield Gaps in the Wheat State
Authors: Holman Johnathan D. , Obour Augustine K. , O’Brien Daniel , Assefa Yared
Published: September 2024

Wheat is the most widely grown grain crop in the world, and the United States is ranked as the fourth major wheat producer after China, India, and Russia. Kansas is the top winter wheat‐producing state in the United States and, as such, is nicknamed “The Wheat State.” A significant yield gap has existed in Kansas between potential winter wheat yields and the actual farm level average yield. Due to current conflict in the major wheat‐growing region of Ukraine and Russia and recent droughts, record decline in world wheat stocks was expected. To further understand winter wheat’s contribution to the economy, production trends, and relationship with climate variability, data available in the state of Kansas through annual winter wheat yield trials and USDA reports were used to study winter wheat historic trends and relations. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by taking the quiz for the article at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Analysis of Torque Ripple Investigation on Three‐Phase SR Motor Drive for EV Applications
Authors: Damarla Indira , Vadlamudi Bindu , Mahendran Venmathi , Rao K. Dhananjay
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the performance of the 3Φ, 6/4 switched reluctance (SR) motor drive has been analyzed using the different power converter topologies. The main objective is to identify the most suitable converter topology for SR motor drive fed electric vehicle (EV) applications. The various power converters such as dissipative, capacitive, magnetic, and bridge converters have been reviewed in terms of operating principle and the calculation of torque ripple. To analyze the drive performance, a comparative analysis is conducted between various power converter configurations including R‐dump, C‐dump, C‐dump with freewheeling transistor (FWT), and asymmetric bridge (ASB) converter. The torque ripple is evaluated for different converters, and it has been claimed that ASB converter has less torque ripple than other topologies. MATLAB/Simulink software tool is used to validate the drive performance for various configurations. A hardware setup includes a FPGA processor of Xilinx Spartan has been embedded to verify the experimental results with the Simulink results.
Five‐year effects of cognitive training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Belleville Sylvie , Cuesta Marc , Bier Nathalie , Brodeur Catherine , Gauthier Serge , Gilbert Brigitte , Grenier Sébastien , Ouellet Marie‐Christine , Viscogliosi Chantal , Hudon Carol
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

In a 5‐year follow‐up study, we investigated the enduring effects of cognitive training on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODS

A randomized controlled single‐blind trial involved 145 older adults with MCI, assigned to cognitive training (MEMO+), an active control psychosocial intervention, or a no‐contact condition. Five‐year effects were measured on immediate and delayed memory recall, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment screening test (MoCA), self‐reported strategy use, and daily living difficulties.

RESULTS

At follow‐up, participants who received cognitive training showed a smaller decline in delayed memory and maintained MoCA scores, contrasting with greater declines in the control groups. Cognitive training participants outperformed controls in both delayed memory and MoCA scores at the 5‐year time point. No significant group differences were observed in self‐reported strategy use or difficulties in daily living.

DISCUSSION

Cognitive training provides long‐term benefits by mitigating memory decline and slowing clinical symptom progression in older adults with MCI.

Highlights

Cognitive training reduced the 5‐year memory decline of persons with MCI.

Cognitive training also reduced decline on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

No intervention effect was found on strategy use or activities of daily living.
Dynamic Metal Exchange in Nanoclusters: Isotope Labeling Sheds Light on Cellular‐like Fusion Processes
Authors: Tang Li , Wang Bin , Han Qikai , Wang Shuxin
Published: September 2024

Grasping the behavior of metal nanoclusters in solution at the atomic level is a pinnacle challenge in nanoscience. In addressing this, our work utilizes the Ag13@Ag16(BDT)12(TPP)4 (Ag29) nanocluster (where BDT represents 1,3‐benzenedithiol, and TPP is triphenylphosphine) as a template. We employ isotopic layering labeling, such as a109 Ag13@107 Ag16 core ‐shell structure, to mark the clusters. Subsequently, we conduct reactions with clusters featuring two different layering structures. Finally, we employ isotopic labeling to replace Ag in the shell, followed by analysis using ESI‐MS, enabling us to discern the process of intercluster reactions. We observed that the reactions primarily involve metal exchanges between the cores of different clusters and separately between their shells, highlighting distinct patterns of atomic‐level exchanges within these structures. This study thus offers pivotal insights into the molecular‐level mechanisms of metal exchange between clusters, significantly contributing to the development of metal nanocluster design and synthesis.
Smart Railway Transportation: Self‐Powered and Self‐Sensing Vibration Energy Harvester
Authors: Li Ang , Fan Chengliang , Tang Hongjie , Zhang Zutao , Liu Genshuo , He Linyang , Zhao Jie , Zhou Jianhong , Hu Yongli
Published: September 2024

Safety monitoring sensors in smart railways need a sustainable onboard power supply. This article proposes a counter‐rotating gear energy harvester (CG‐EH) to convert the longitudinal vibration energy of trains into electricity for onboard sensors.CG‐EH consists of a vibration input module, a motion conversion module, and an energy conversion module. The vibration input module converts the longitudinal displacement of the coupler into the rotational motion of the gears. The motion conversion module realizes the conversion of the reciprocating input displacement into the unidirectional rotation based on a counter‐rotating gear set, multi‐stage spur gear sets can effectively mitigate the effects of excitation on CG‐EH. The energy conversion module transforms the kinetic energy of the unidirectional rotation into electrical energy through a generator. Experimental results show that the energy outputs of CG‐EH are improved with longitudinal vibration compared with the usual onboard energy harvester. From the result, the peak output power of CG‐EH is 14.59 W, the peak efficiency reaches 39.2%, enough to power relevant onboard sensors. Moreover, CG‐EH can monitor the running status of trains based on deep learning. From the experiment results and application prospects, CG‐EH is a favorable solution for the power supply problems of onboard sensors in smart railways.
Effect of data drift on the performance of machine‐learning models: Seismic damage prediction for aging bridges
Authors: Chen Mengdie , Park Yewon , Mangalathu Sujith , Jeon Jong‐Su
Published: September 2024

Machine‐learning models play a crucial role in structural seismic risk assessment and facilitate decision‐making by analyzing complex data patterns. However, the dynamic nature of real‐world data introduces challenges, particularly data drift, which can significantly affect model performance. This adversely affects machine‐learning models intended to aid emergency responders and disaster recovery teams. This study primarily focused on assessing the impact of column corrosion‐induced data drift on the performance of machine‐learning models for seismic risk assessment of bridges. The machine‐learning model performance was evaluated with and without considering the impact of corrosion. The results revealed a significant decrease in prediction accuracy when the data drift effect was not considered. To address this challenge, this study proposes integrating principal component analysis‐based anomaly detection to enhance the model performance. The optimized model considering drift demonstrates significant improvements in accuracy across corroded bridges aged 25, 50, and 75 years, with accuracy rates increasing from 90%, 85%, and 81% to 98%, 97%, and 96%, respectively.
Development of a new solver for homogenous mixture based on regularized gas dynamic equation system
Authors: Epikhin Andrey , But Ivan
Published: September 2024

The paper presents an improved approach for modeling multicomponent gas mixtures based on quasi‐gasdynamic equations. The proposed numerical algorithm is implemented as a reactingQGDFoam solver based on the open‐source OpenFOAM platform. The following problems have been considered for validation: the Riemann problems, the backward facing step problem, the interaction of a shock wave with a heavy and a light gas bubble, the unsteady underexpanded hydrogen jet flow in an air. The stability and convergence parameters of the proposed numerical algorithm are determined. The simulation results are found to be in agreement with analytical solutions and experimental data.
The Irish drought impacts database: A 287‐year database of drought impacts derived from newspaper archives
Authors: Jobbová Eva , Crampsie Arlene , Murphy Conor , Ludlow Francis , McLeman Robert , Horvath Csaba , Seifert Natascha , Myslinski Therese , Sente Laura
Published: September 2024

Understanding of past droughts has been mostly shaped by meteorological data, with relatively less known about the human aspects of droughts, their socio‐economic impacts, as well as choices people make in response to droughts in different environmental and socio‐political contexts. The lack of data that systematically record and categorize drought impacts is an important reason for this disparity. In this paper, we present an Irish drought impacts database (IDID) containing 6094 newspaper reports and 11,351 individual impact records for the island of Ireland, covering the period 1733–2019. Relevant articles were identified through systematic searching of the Irish Newspaper Archives, and recorded impacts were categorized using a modified version of the classification scheme employed by the European drought impact inventory (EDII). Drawing on the wealth and diversity of content provided by the newspapers, the IDID database provides information on the documented temporal and geographical extent of drought events, their socio‐economic and political contexts, their consequences, mitigation strategies employed and their change over time. The IDID also facilitates analysis of long‐term patterns in drought incidence, individual impact categories, as well as detailed insight into the impacts of individual drought events over nearly three centuries of Ireland's history. In addition, by allowing an examination of the coherence between meteorological records and identified impacts, it advances our understanding of the influences that contemporary economic, political, environmental and societal events had on the human experience, perception and impact of droughts. This new open‐access database, therefore, provides opportunities for improving understanding of drought vulnerability and is an important step in developing greater capacity to cope with and respond to future droughts on the island of Ireland.
The Care of Older People With Depression in Nigeria: Qualitative Exploration of the Experience of Lay Providers in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Daley Stephanie , Feeney Yvonne , Gureje Oye
Published: September 2024

Objectives

There is a large treatment gap for mental health conditions in sub‐Saharan Africa where most patients who receive any care do so from lay primary health care workers (PHCW). We sought to examine the experiences of PHCW who provide care for older people with depression in Nigerian primary health care (PHC) settings.

Methods

Qualitative study design. A total of 24 PHCW participated. Using in‐depth key informant interviews (KIIs), we explored the views of 15 PHCW selected from 10 rural and urban PHCs in South‐Western Nigeria. An additional focus group discussion comprising nine participants was also conducted to discuss emerging themes from KIIs. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three overall themes were identified: views about depression, treatment options, and community outreach implications. Participants perceived depression in older people as being characterised by a range of mood, behavioural, and cognitive symptoms which made clinical assessments particularly challenging. Common treatment options used by PHCW included general advice and counselling, as well as frequent need to prescribe mild analgesics, vitamins and occasional sedatives in line with patients' expectations. Antidepressants were rarely used even though PHCW are authorised. While home visits are part of their expected work schedule, PHCW rarely implemented these due to non‐availability of transport facilities. Mobile technology was identified as a possible way of overcoming this constraint to providing community based mental healthcare for older people.

Conclusion

PHCWs perceived that patients' poor cognitive performance, expectations to prescribe sedatives, analgesics and vitamins, as well as non‐existence of community‐based services were existing barriers to providing evidenced based continued care for older people with depression in the study settings.
Inconsistent decision making in dental caries diagnosis and treatment: A case‐based questionnaire survey
Authors: Henneberg Sofie , Henriksen Julie , Christensen Lasse , Markvart Merete , Rosing Kasper
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Delayed implementation of new knowledge into clinical practice poses patient safety risks. This study investigates agreement on use of the dental caries interventions, sealing, and stepwise excavation.

Methods

A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey, based on 11 constructed cases with descriptions of patient symptoms, radiographic, and clinical findings. Interrater agreement on dental caries‐ and pulp diagnoses and interventions were measured with Cohen's and Light's κ. The data collection period was September 28 to November 5, 2021. To explore variations in use and knowledge factors, we examined Danish dentists' attitudes toward continuing education.

Results

Based on 243 responses, moderate interrater agreement for dental caries and pulp diagnoses and weak agreement on interventions were seen. The agreement with the gold standard for caries was moderate. No agreement was found for dental pulp diagnosis, and for interventions the agreement was weak. No pattern in agreement with the gold standard was seen in relation to case difficulty level. The majority reported knowing of and using stepwise excavation, in conflict with findings that less than half chose stepwise excavation in cases, where considered appropriate. One in four (25%) reported to be unfamiliar with sealing, and half (50%) use sealing regularly. Better access to continuing education and for universities to offer continuing education as alternatives to one‐sided private market were requested.

Conclusion

Some patients may receive too radical treatment despite available less invasive evidence‐based effective treatments. Dentists acknowledge the importance of continuing education. Easier access and perhaps more incentives for seeking out high‐quality continuing education from trustworthy sources are needed.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine Derivatives and Their In‐Vitro and In‐Silico Antidiabetic Activities
Authors: Rafique Iqra , Maqbool Tahir , Javed Muhammad Salman
Published: September 2024

In the current study, new pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine esters, hydrazides, and Schiff bases have been synthesized starting from 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine. The first step involved solvent‐free synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐6‐carboxylate derivatives (2a–d) with 55%–70% yield in the minimum time frame compared with the conventional refluxing method, which was followed by the synthesis of corresponding hydrazides (3a–d) and hydrazones (4a–e). The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using element analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC‐MS techniques. Synthesized hydrazides (3a–d) and hydrazones (4a–e) were also tested for their in‐vitro antidiabetic activity and found that all the compounds exhibited significant antidiabetic activity, while 3c (IC50 = 9.6 ± 0.5 μM) among the hydrazides and 4c (IC50 = 13.9 ± 0.7 μM) among the hydrazones were found to be more active in comparison to other synthesized derivatives. These in‐vitro results were further validated via docking studies against the α‐amylase enzyme using the reference drug acarbose (200.1 ± 10.0 μM). The results were greatly in agreement with their in‐vitro studies and these derivatives can be encouraging candidates for further in‐vivo studies in mice models.
Clinical psychology, social identities and societal challenges: Implications for diversity‐sensitive practice and training
Authors: Kaurin Aleksandra , Asbrand Julia , Mann Hendrik , Calvano Claudia
Published: September 2024

Clinical psychologists are increasingly urged to recognize and understand the significance of societal factors such as marginalization experiences, within themselves and among the individuals and communities they serve. At the same time, there is a dearth of research in the field to guide this pursuit, and especially so in European contexts. We conducted an online survey (N = 646) to assess the social identities of clinical psychologists (graduate and trainees) in Germany and their incorporation of societal challenges in therapy and training. Overall, our sample was demographically rather homogenous and privileged: Clinical psychologists tended to be white (91%), nonmigrant (77.6%), female (74.5%), cis‐gender (93.8%), heterosexual (75.4%), able‐bodied (56.0%), and grew up in families with an academic background (68%). Although the majority of participants expressed a tendency to contemplate their identity when it came to their psychotherapeutic practices and believed that discussing societal challenges in therapy was pertinent, only a small proportion (~5%) reported actively introducing related subjects during therapy sessions or taking them into account during initial case conceptualization (~8%). The majority of participants indicated a lack of coverage of related topics in standard clinical psychological curricula. Greater perceived competence in addressing these topics was linked to clinicians initiating discussions about marginalization or discrimination in therapy. We explore the implications for future training aimed at fostering equitable, effective, and diversity‐sensitive therapeutic practices.
Mineralocorticoid receptor activates postnatal adiposity in zebrafish lacking proopiomelanocortin
Authors: Rajeswari Jithine J. , Faught Erin , Santos Helio , Vijayan Mathilakath M.
Published: September 2024

The proopiomelanocortin (Pomc)‐derived peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐Msh), play both a central and a peripheral role in modulating the stress response. The central role is predominantly associated with nutrient homeostasis, while peripherally they play an important role in the synthesis of glucocorticoids (GCs) in response to stress. Pomc mutations are a major risk factor in the development of early‐onset childhood obesity in humans. This is attributed primarily to their central effects on melanocortin receptor dysfunction leading to hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure, while the peripheral mechanism contributing to obesity has largely been unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Pomc mutation‐mediated adrenal insufficiency and the associated changes in GC signaling contribute to postnatal adiposity using zebrafish as a model. We generated a ubiquitous Pomc knockout zebrafish that mimicked the mammalian mutant phenotype of adrenal insufficiency and enhanced adiposity. The loss of Pomc inhibited stress‐induced cortisol production and reprogrammed GC signaling by reducing glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness, whereas the mineralocorticoid receptor (Mr) signaling was enhanced. Larval feeding led to enhanced growth and adipogenesis in the Pomc mutants, and this was inhibited by eplerenone, an Mr antagonist. Altogether, our results underscore a key role for Mr signaling in early developmental adipogenesis and a possible target for therapeutic intervention for early‐onset childhood obesity due to Pomc dysfunction.
Mechanoinduction of PTHrP/cAMP‐signaling governs proteoglycan production in mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived neocartilage
Authors: Lückgen Janine , Diederichs Solvig , Raqué Elisabeth , Renkawitz Tobias , Richter Wiltrud , Buchert Justyna
Published: September 2024

Abnormal mechanical loading is one of the major risk factors for articular cartilage degeneration. Engineered mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐derived cartilage holds great promise for cell‐based cartilage repair. However, physiological loading protocols were shown to reduce matrix synthesis of MSC‐derived neocartilage in vitro and the regulators of this undesired mechanoresponse remain poorly understood. Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) is involved in cartilage development and can affect extracellular matrix (ECM) production during MSC chondrogenesis opposingly, depending on a continuous or transient exposure. PTHrP is induced by various mechanical cues in multiple tissues and species; but whether PTHrP is regulated in response to loading of human engineered neocartilage and may affect matrix synthesis in a positive or negative manner is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dynamic loading adjusts PTHrP‐signaling in human MSC‐derived neocartilage and whether it regulates matrix synthesis and other factors involved in the MSC mechanoresponse. Interestingly, MSC‐derived chondrocytes significantly upregulated PTHrP mRNA (PTHLH) expression along with its second messenger cAMP in response to loading in our custom‐built bioreactor. Exogenous PTHrP(1‐34) induced the expression of known mechanoresponse genes (FOS, FOSB, BMP6) and significantly decreased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen synthesis similar to loading. The adenylate‐cyclase inhibitor MDL‐12,330A rescued the load‐mediated decrease in GAG synthesis, indicating a direct involvement of cAMP‐signaling in the reduction of ECM production. According to COL2A1‐corrected hypertrophy‐associated marker expression, load and PTHrP treatment shared the ability to reduce expression of MEF2C and PTH1R. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a significant mechanoinduction of PTHLH and a negative contribution of the PTHrP‐cAMP signaling axis to GAG synthesis in MSC‐derived chondrocytes after loading. To improve ECM synthesis and the mechanocompetence of load‐exposed neocartilage, inhibition of PTHrP activity should be considered for MSC‐based cartilage regeneration strategies.
Rapid activation of PMS driven by bimetallic redox on transition metal selenides for sulfamethoxazole degradation: mechanism, degradation pathway and intermediates toxicity
Authors: Wang Yongming , Chen Qiang , Su Yuezong , He Yuxuan , Qian Jin , Xu Kailin
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The increasing presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments poses significant ecological risks, with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) being a prominent example due to its persistence and widespread use in medical and veterinary practices. Advanced oxidation processes, particularly those based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS), have shown promise in degrading such contaminants. This work explored the efficacy of a bimetallic selenide catalyst, FeSe2/MoSe2 (FM), synthesized via a hydrothermal method, for the rapid activation of PMS and subsequent degradation of SMX.

RESULTS

Over 95% SMX degradation was achieved with a 0.25 g/L catalyst dosage and 1.5 g/L PMS dosage, demonstrating that FM was an effective PMS activator capable of efficiently oxidizing SMX. The EPR tests and quenching experiments confirmed the presence of 1O2, SO4•– and •OH in the degradation system, with SO4•‐ predominating. The redox cycling of Mo with Fe was involved in the activation of PMS. Moreover, the DFT calculations of the SMX molecule revealed that the vulnerable sites were mainly in the vicinity of the sulfonamide group and the oxygen‐containing group. The toxicity assessment disclosed that most of the primary degradation intermediates of SMX were toxic, while the further small molecule products were non‐toxic.

CONCLUSION

This work underscores the potential of the FM/PMS system as an efficient and sustainable solution for degrading antibiotic contaminants like SMX in water. The low toxicity of the final degradation products further supports the environmental safety of this approach, making it a promising candidate for real‐world water treatment applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effect of abnormal placentation on fetal heart function and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Dogru Sukran , Atci Asli Altinordu , Akkus Fatih , Acar Ali
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the fetal modified (mod)‐myocardial performance index (MPI) for fetal cardiac function in placenta percreta (PPC) pregnancies with placenta previa (PP) and assess neonatal outcomes.

Materials and Methods

This study included 104 pregnant women: 52 with PPC and 52 as the control group. Mod‐MPI measurements and neonatal outcomes were evaluated in all cases.

Results

The PPC group had a significantly lower left ejection time (p = 0.044) and significantly higher mod‐MPI (p = 0.001) than the control group. The optimal mod‐MPI predictive cut‐off value at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in the PPC group was 0.53 with 53.8% specificity and 88.5% sensitivity (p = 0.019). The optimal mod‐MPI predictive cut‐off value at the 5th APGAR score below 7 in the PPC group was 0.55 with a specificity of 67.7% and a sensitivity of 76.2% (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Fetal MPI was higher in pregnant women with PPC compared to the control group. Among the PPC cases, those with MPI above a certain predictive level showed more frequent NICU admissions and lower APGAR scores.
Experimental Evaluation of an Ultrasound‐Guided High‐Intensity‐Focused Ultrasound Probe for Sonication of Artery
Authors: Huang Qianwen , Zhou Yun , Pan Lei , Chen Yini , Wang Nianou , Li Ke , Bai Jingfeng , Ji Xiang
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to develop an ultrasound‐guided high‐intensity‐focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) probe for arterial sonication and to evaluate vascular contraction.

Methods

The USgHIFU probe comprised two confocal spherical transducers for sonication and a US color Doppler flow imaging probe for guidance. A vessel‐mimicking phantom was sonicated in two directions. In the vascular radial direction, an isolated rabbit aorta embedded in ex vivo pork liver was sonicated at different acoustic powers (245 and 519 W), flow rates (25, 30, and 50 mL/minute), and sonication energies (519, 980, and 1038 J). Changes in the postsonication vessels were evaluated using US imaging, microscopic observation, and histopathological analysis.

Results

Beam focusing along the vascular radial direction caused significant deformation of both tube walls (n = 4), whereas focusing along the axial direction only affected the contraction of the anterior wall (n = 4). The contraction index (Dc) of the vessel sonicated at 245 W and 980 J was 56.2 ± 9.7% (n = 12) with 25 mL/minute. The Dc of the vessel sonicated at 519 W and 1038 J was 56.5 ± 7.8% (n = 17). The Dc of the vessel sonicated at 519 J total energy was 18.3 ± 5.1% (n = 12).

Conclusion

The developed USgHIFU probe induced greater vascular contractions by covering a larger area of the vessel wall in the radial direction. Sonication energy affects vascular contraction through temperature elevation of the vessel wall. When the acoustic power was high, an increase in acoustic power, even with comparable sonication energy, did not result in greater vessel contraction.