bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eyes on Newborns: How NICU Staff's Attention and Emotions Shape Neonatal Pain Assessment
Authors: Deindl Philipp , Luister Alexandra , Vettorazzi Eik , Pointner Nadine , Singer Dominique , Berger Angelika , Wagner Michael , Giordano Vito
Published: February 2025

Background

Assessing pain in neonates is crucial for their management but is inherently subjective. This study investigated the effects of visual attention, gaze patterns, and empathic responses of neonatal healthcare professionals on their assessments of neonatal pain.

Methods

Conducted at the Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, we employed eye‐tracking to monitor staff's responses to videos depicting neonates experiencing non‐noxious thermal, brief noxious, and prolonged noxious stimuli. Videos were presented in two formats: full body view, providing contextual information, and face‐only view, lacking contextual details. Pain assessments were measured using a Faces Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), exploring the impacts of contextual cues, professional experience, and job roles.

Results

The study found brief and prolonged noxious stimuli eliciting significantly higher FPRS scores compared to non‐painful stimuli, with the full body view resulting in higher pain ratings than the face‐only view. The mouth region attracted focused attention. Nurses generally reported higher pain scores and exhibited larger pupil diameters compared to physicians, suggesting a stronger empathic response.

Conclusion

This research highlights the essential role of visual cues and empathic responses in neonatal pain assessment, demonstrating how professional roles and stimulus presentation format impact evaluations, and underlining the need for standardised protocols to improve neonatal pain management accuracy.

Significance

The study emphasises the importance of visual cues and empathy in neonatal pain assessment, highlighting the roles of healthcare professionals and stimulus presentation formats. It addresses challenges in understanding neonatal pain, advocating for standardised protocols. Using eye‐tracking technology, the research explores how professionals' visual attention and empathy affect pain evaluations, suggesting more objective assessment methods.
Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Effects on Eating Quality in Grains of Diverse Japonica Rice Cultivars From the Middle and Lower Yangtze River
Authors: Ma Zhongtao , Chen Xi , Cao Jiale , Yu Jianghui , Zhu Ying , Liu Guodong , Xu Fangfu , Hu Qun , Zhang Hongcheng , Li Guangyan , Wei Haiyan
Published: February 2025

The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and rice eating quality was examined in this study, which focused on four types of japonica rice from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. These japonica rice varieties were categorized by amylose content and protein content as follows: high amylose content with high protein content, high amylose content with low protein content, low amylose content with high protein content, and low amylose content with low protein content. The study systematically analyzed the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the grain after flowering and assessed its impact on rice eating quality. Results showed that in japonica rice with similar protein content, low amylose content japonica rice had 5.15%–16.41% lower levels of granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS) compared to high amylose content japonica rice. Additionally, low amylose content japonica rice displayed 3.84%–23.80% higher levels of soluble starch synthase (SSS), 9.06%–31.05% higher levels of starch branching enzyme (SBE), and 20.27%–53.80% higher levels of starch debranching enzyme (DBE). The synthesis rate of amylose was lower in low amylose‐content japonica rice, while the synthesis rate and content of albumin were higher. In japonica rice with similar amylose content, low protein content japonica rice had 3.41%–12.09% lower levels of nitrogen and 6.94%–20.15% lower levels of glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) compared to high protein content japonica rice. This resulted in a reduced protein synthesis rate and lower contents of glutelin, globulin, and prolamin. Moreover, low‐protein content in japonica rice demonstrated higher levels of SBE and DBE, leading to a decrease in long‐chain amylopectin. Correlation analysis revealed significant interactions between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, which were closely linked to rice‐eating quality. Carbon metabolism was the predominant factor, followed by nitrogen metabolism, in shaping the eating quality of rice. Carbon metabolism influenced rice‐eating quality by modifying starch synthesis and interacting with nitrogen metabolic pathways, especially those involved in protein synthesis. Low GBSS and elevated SSS, SBE, and DBE levels in grains post‐flowering could reduce amylose synthesis while promoting albumin synthesis, leading to improve the eating quality of japonica rice. Nitrogen metabolism further modifies the taste of cooked rice by adjusting protein synthesis and interacting with carbon metabolism, particularly in starch formation. Reduced nitrogen levels and GOGAT post‐flowering could decrease protein synthesis, notably of glutelin and prolamin, and long‐chain amylopectin in starch, thereby enhancing the eating quality of japonica rice.
Efficacy and Prognostic Indicators of Isatuximab, Pomalidomide, and Dexamethasone (IsaPd) in Daratumumab‐Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Real‐World Study
Authors: Martino Enrica Antonia , Derudas Daniele , Rossi Elena , Stefanoni Paola , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Zamagni Elena , Offidani Massimo , Furlan Anna , Quinto Angela Maria , Della Pepa Roberta , Bertuglia Giuseppe , Barbieri Emiliano , Conticello Concetta , De Magistris Claudio , Bongarzoni Velia , Cafro Anna Maria , Mele Anna , Botta Cirino , Sgherza Nicola , Mele Giuseppe , Annibali Ombretta , Rago Angela , Fontana Raffaele , Vigna Ernesto , Bruzzese Antonella , Mancuso Katia , Amendola Angela , Citro Annalisa , Cotzia Emilia , Morè Sonia , Rivolti Elena , Pettine Loredana , Galli Monica , De Stefano Valerio , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Corso Alessandro , Neri Antonino , Di Raimondo Francesco , Bolli Niccolò , Musto Pellegrino , Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo
Published: February 2025

This multicenter real‐world analysis evaluated the efficacy of isatuximab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (IsaPd) in 51 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who were refractory to daratumumab (Dara‐R). The majority were under 70 years old (60.8%), predominantly female (56.9%), and heavily pretreated, with 74.5% being triple‐class refractory (TCR); 32.1% of the 28 patients with cytogenetic data had high‐risk abnormalities. The overall response rate (ORR) was 56.9%, including 3 patients with stringent complete response (sCR), 4 with CR, and 7 with very good partial response (VGPR). Neither age, number of prior therapies, TCR status, nor time from Dara refractoriness to IsaPd initiation significantly affected response rates.

Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, with a 12‐month PFS probability of 30.6%. Baseline hemoglobin (Hb) levels were a key predictor of PFS: patients with Hb < 11.8 g/L had a 3.5‐fold increased risk of progression, with a median PFS of 4.6 months compared to 22 months in those with higher Hb.

Median overall survival (OS) was 21.0 months, with a 12‐month OS probability of 63.4%. Lower Hb levels (< 11 g/L) were associated with a tenfold increased risk of mortality.

Among the 28 patients who underwent FISH analysis, while no significant difference in mortality risk was observed, those with high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities exhibited a nearly tenfold increased risk of disease progression.

These results suggest that IsaPd offers a meaningful option for Dara‐R patients, with Hb levels serving as a critical predictor of both PFS and OS. However, PFS remains modest, underscoring the need for novel combination therapies.
Linkages between soil nutrient turnover and above‐ground crop nutrient metabolism: The role of soil microbes
Authors: Fang Wensheng , Tian Wenfeng , Yan Dongdong , Li Yuan , Cao Aocheng , Wang Qiuxia
Published: February 2025

With global agricultural practices increasingly focused on sustainability and efficiency, deciphering the complex relationship between soil nutrient turnover and crop nutrient uptake is critical for advancing crop productivity and environmental resilience. This study focuses on the nitrogen transformation process following dazomet soil fumigation and examines how soil microorganisms influence both soil nitrogen cycling and above‐ground crop nitrogen metabolism. Fumigation led to significant changes, with ammonium nitrogen increasing by 18.89%−94.82% and nitrate nitrogen decreasing by 30.20%−90.21% in tobacco roots, stems, and leaves. Fumigation also caused a notable shift in the soil microbial community, inhibiting ammonium‐oxidizing microorganisms while stimulating denitrifying microbes. These changes not only disrupted the nitrogen balance‐reducing soil nitrification by 72.91%−86.51% and increasing denitrification by 197%−324% but also had a cascading effect on above‐ground crop nitrogen metabolism. By altering the composition of microbial communities, the process directly influenced soil nutrient turnover, subsequently impacting nutrient availability and distribution in crop. The disruption in nitrogen balance further led to changes in the expression of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes and transporter genes. Specifically, genes related to nitrate and ammonium transporters, as well as amino acid and nitrogen metabolism enzymes, were upregulated. Structural equation modeling confirmed that the shifts in the microbial community were central to driving changes in both soil nutrient turnover and nitrogen distribution in the crop. These findings underscore the critical role of soil microbial communities as a link between soil nutrient cycling and above‐ground nutrient metabolism, highlighting their importance in regulating plant nutrient absorption and utilization. This suggests that optimizing microbial management strategies could lead to significant improvements in crop nutrient efficiency.
FoMO and Socio‐Emotional e‐Competencies as Predictors of Media Multitasking, Phubbing and Cybergossip in University Students: Transnational Differences Between Mexico and Spain by Gender
Authors: González Martha Leticia Gaeta , Hernández Santos Orejudo , Cebollero‐Salinas Ana
Published: February 2025

There are clear signs of the growing use of the internet across all cultures, which generate new behaviors in the virtual environment such as media multitasking, phubbing, and cybergossip, all associated with online risks and less positive modes of socialization. FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) along with virtual emotional experiences could be relevant predictors, where literature suggests that FoMO is a trigger for problematic social media use, and socio‐emotional e‐competencies facilitate adaptive behaviors in virtual environments. Hence, understanding which variables predict these phenomena is crucial and whether they can be generalized across different countries. The objective of this study is to analyze whether two dimensions of socio‐personal development used to interact in virtual environments, FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) and socio‐emotional e‐competencies (e‐COM), are predictors of different cyberbehaviors (cybergossip, phubbing and media multitasking) in university students from two different countries. It also aims to verify if socio‐emotional e‐competencies act as a moderator of this relationship. In order to achieve this, we used a sample of 1524 university students from Mexico and Spain (19.74 years old). The results of the path analysis models show that FoMO is the strongest predictor of the three online behaviors regardless of country and gender, especially in the case of phubbing. In addition, socio‐emotional e‐competencies help to explain the behaviors in a differential way for each country, and the dimension of e‐self‐control of impulsivity plays a moderating role in FoMO in the case of phubbing and media multitasking. Some differences between countries and genders are discussed.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Sarcopenia in Gynecologic Oncology: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jiang Chen , Chen Qin , Yu Danping , Zhou Qianqian , Tang Cong , Qiao Chenping
Published: February 2025

Background

Sarcopenia in gynaecologic oncology patients has garnered increasing attention, but its prevalence has not been comprehensively summarized. This study aims to integrate the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population through systematic evaluation and meta‐analysis, providing a reference for future clinical research.

Methods

A computerized search of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and other databases was conducted to collect relevant literature on the prevalence of sarcopenia in gynaecologic oncology patients and its impact on prognosis, with a timeframe from the inception of the databases to July 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information and assessed the risk of bias. After evaluating the risk of bias, a meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software. This systematic review was conducted using a previously published study protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42024565094).

Results

A total of 24 studies encompassing 4136 patients were included. The meta‐analysis revealed that the prevalence of sarcopenia in gynaecologic oncology patients was 38.8% (I2 = 96%, 95% CI [0.49–0.79], p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among patients with endometrial cancer or ovarian cancer, those over 60 years of age, individuals with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2, those diagnosed using the psoas muscle index (PMI) and patients assessed at the L4 vertebra. Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in patients with gynaecologic tumours combined with sarcopenia compared to those with gynaecologic tumours alone. However, no significant differences were observed in progression‐free survival (PFS), mortality or length of hospital stay.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia has a high prevalence in gynaecologic oncology patients. Healthcare professionals should prioritize early screening and preventive measures for high‐risk patients.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Epstein–Barr Virus Associated Diseases
Authors: Yee Tiffany Melanie , Wang Liang Wei
Published: February 2025

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first human cancer‐causing viral pathogen to be discovered; it has been epidemiologically associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancers, autoimmunity, and hyperinflammatory disorders. Its evolutionary success is underpinned by coordinated expression of viral transcription factors (EBV nuclear antigens), signaling proteins (EBV latent membrane proteins), and noncoding RNAs, which orchestrate cell transformation, immune evasion, and dissemination. Each of those activities entails significant metabolic rewiring, which is achieved by viral subversion of key host metabolic regulators such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), MYC, and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF). In this review, we systemically discuss how EBV‐encoded factors regulate metabolism to achieve viral persistence and propagation, as well as potential research questions and directions in EBV‐driven metabolism.
Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, and PFAS: Quantifying Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Plastics and Fish Tissues Using Solvent Extraction and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Dolling Sophie , Reis‐Santos Patrick , Williams Mike , Gillanders Bronwyn M.
Published: February 2025

The rise of plastic pollution in marine environments has been heavily documented, with particular focus on the physical impacts the plastics can have on biota. But, plastics also sorb a range of hydrophobic chemical pollutants, acting as vectors for the transportation of these compounds throughout marine environments. Therefore, an analytical method that can target both marine biota and plastic matrices will be key to advance our understanding of the link between chemicals in the environment, plastic pollution, and effects on biota. Here, an efficient method for the detection and quantification of a broad suite of compounds in marine samples was developed. Five extraction methods were trialed for the analysis of 21 pesticides, PFAS, and pharmaceuticals in biota and plastics. This included three ultrasonic extraction methods and two QuEChERS methods. Ultrasonic extraction in acetonitrile with a microcentrifuge step then concentration by Bond Elut Carbon SPE resulted in best recovery across most compounds. Of the 21 compounds trialed, 16 were efficiently quantified. Method limits of quantification and detection were between 0.02 and 4.81 ppb (mLODs) and between 0.06 and 14.60 ppb (mLOQs). This method is widely applicable to a range of marine environments and supports routine evaluations of environmental safety and monitoring protocols.
Quality Consistency Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Pharmacology of Pheretima aspergillum Dispensing Granules and Traditional Decoction Based on HPLC, GC‐IMS, and Animal Experiments
Authors: Li Han , Wu Xiaoming , Miao Yan , Dong Fengyu , Gui Xinjing , Wang Panpan , Li Xuelin , Liu Ruixin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the consistency of quality between the traditional decoction (TD) of Pheretima aspergillum and its dispensing granule decoction (DGD) by examining their chemical composition and antithrombotic efficacy. We first determined the nucleoside components, protein content, and volatile compounds in 10 batches of TD and 9 batches of DGD sourced from three manufacturers using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–vis spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS). Next, we assessed antithrombotic efficacy by measuring the relative length of tail thrombosis and calculating the thrombus inhibition rates at 24 and 48 h. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that the concentrations of hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, adenosine, and proteins in TD were significantly higher than those in DGD. Moreover, the types and concentrations of volatile compounds in TD and DGD exhibited substantial differences, with 19 volatile compounds identified as differentially present between the two decoctions. Despite these compositional differences, both decoction types demonstrated equivalent antithrombotic efficacy. Overall, the quality of DGD from manufacturers A and B aligned closely with that of TD. However, TD exhibited a higher overall quality compared to DGD, while both decoctions maintained consistent antithrombotic efficacy.
Hypopharyngeal Amyloidosis: A Rare Cause of Dysphagia
Authors: Buell Jane B. , Schuman Ari D. , Ongkasuwan Julina , Szymanowski Adam
Published: February 2025

Amyloidosis localized to the head and neck most commonly affects the laryngo‐tracheobronchial tree or tongue. It rarely affects the hypopharynx, with only 3 cases reported in literature. All of these cases describe females presenting with hypopharyngeal amyloid masses and associated multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. They were treated with chemotherapy and CO2 laser, respectively. In comparison, our case identifies a 69‐year‐old female, with a history of MALT lymphoma but no concurrent malignancy. She initially presented with dysphagia and was diagnosed with hypopharyngeal amyloidosis. After 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatment, she ultimately felt improvement in her dysphagia. Laryngoscope, 2025
Soil Erosion Rates Via 210Pbex, 137Cs and USLE Model in El Rmel Watershed, NE Tunisia
Authors: Ben Cheikha Lilia , Mabrouk El Asmi Amina , Askri Boubaker , Oueslati Mansour , Gharbi Foued , Attia Rafla , Aouedi Thabet
Published: February 2025

Soil erosion is a severe environmental and agricultural phenomenon which can be accelerated with climate change and land use, particularly in the Mediterranean region. In Tunisia, studies on the spatial distribution of erosion and deposition patterns can help to effectively implement soil and water conservation practices. Accordingly, the main objective of this research was to estimate soil erosion rates in two cultivated soils (SE1 and SE2), at El Rmel watershed of northeastern Tunisia. Three different time scales were observed via three tools, the 137Cs, the 210Pbex radioisotopes and the USLE model. The FRN's conversion mass balance model 2 (MBM2) was used to convert activities into erosion rates. Based on the 137Cs, 210Pbex, and USLE model, the mean erosion rates were, respectively, 37, 52, and 33 t ha−1 year−1, at the cereal cultivated SE1 site and 4, 9, and 6 t ha−1 year−1, at the olive tree cultivated SE2 site. It is supposed that the difference in time scale expressed by the three methods (100 years by 210Pbex, 60 years by 137Cs, and 40 years by USLE), may have had a notable impact on the discrepancy in estimated erosion rates. The mean farm slope for SE1 and SE2 were, respectively, 14% and 8% and tillage was through three operations per year. Furthermore, the cereal crops site characterized by steep slopes show much higher erosion rates. Consequently, planting olive trees will be very helpful in reducing soil erosion and will be of great impact either environmentally and/or economically.
The First Evidence for the Role of ACVR2A Gene Fetal Genotype in Preeclampsia Susceptibility
Authors: Honarpour Asal , Majd Ahmad , Sadeghi Hossein , Jamaldini Sayedhamid , Rahimi Maryam , Kazemzadeh Paniz , Mirfakhraie Reza
Published: February 2025

Background

The activin A receptor type 2A gene (ACVR2A) plays an important role in normal gestation, particularly in decidualization, trophoblastic invasion, and placentation. Although several studies have investigated the association between ACVR2A maternal variants and preeclampsia (PE) susceptibility; however, controversial results were obtained. Moreover, in none of the previous studies, the role of ACVR2A fetal variants was explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of ACVR2A rs1424954 and rs1424941 polymorphisms in PE susceptibility considering the impact of both fetal and maternal genotypes.

Methods

For genotyping of ACVR2A rs1424954 and rs1424941, we performed TP‐ARMS‐PCR on 600 samples, including 400 peripheral blood samples from preeclamptic and normal women and 200 umbilical cord blood samples from each group of pregnant women.

Results

Regarding rs1424954, only the fetal genotypes were associated with an increased risk of PE in both dominant and recessive inheritance models (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.58–5.25, p = 0.0005; and OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.21–4.87, p = 0.012; respectively). For ACVR2A rs1424941variant, both maternal and fetal heterozygote genotypes were associated with PE susceptibility (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.02–2.04, p = 0.04; and OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02–3.54, p = 0.04; respectively).

Conclusion

The present study confirmed the role of fetal ACVR2A polymorphisms in PE pathogenesis for the first time. However, replicated studies in diverse ethnicities are necessary to confirm the role of fetal genotype on susceptibility to PE.
Streamlining Diagnosis: Reducing Time for Brain Tumor Detection in Children of an Upper‐Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Dassi Natália , Cappellano Andrea Maria , de Souza Fabiola Isabel Suano , Puccini Rosana Fiorini , da Silva Nasjla Saba , Strufaldi Maria Wany Louzada
Published: February 2025

Background

Delays in diagnosing pediatric brain tumors are often associated with limited awareness of the signs and symptoms by parents and healthcare professionals, as well as the absence of routine childcare follow‐ups and delays in healthcare system referrals.

Aims

To explore opportunities for reducing diagnostic delays, the study assessed the knowledge of pediatric brain tumor signs and symptoms, routine follow‐up care for children, use of the Child Health Book (CHB), and referral intervals of a suspected case to a specialized center.

Procedure

This cross‐sectional study collected data through interviews and virtual questionnaires.

Results

Between August and November 2023, 200 parents (pediatric and oncology departments) and 147 healthcare professionals (primary and tertiary care) participated. Except for headaches and seizures, the rates of parental recognition of warning signs were below 70%. Physicians in tertiary care demonstrated greater recognition of these warning signs than those in primary care (p = 0.011). Recognition rates among nurses were below 75%. Primary and tertiary care professionals reported referral intervals >1 month in 10%–15% cases. Children routine follow‐up care was reported in both levels. Over 75% of all participants reported that the CHB could be a useful tool for educating about childhood cancer.

Conclusions

Our study provides essential insights to improve the early diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors. The findings emphasize the need to strengthen pediatric care follow‐ups and use of CHB by parents and healthcare professionals to raise awareness of warning signs and symptoms, along with a flowchart for timely and accurate referrals to specialized centers.
Anemia and retinopathy of prematurity: A narrative review
Authors: Prasad Minali , Dombrovsky David , Christiansen Stephen P. , Ingolfsland Ellen C.
Published: February 2025

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and anemia are often comorbid in preterm and low birth weight infants in the United States. However, the relationship between ROP and anemia in infants is unclear across prospective and retrospective studies due to confounding from other comorbidities of prematurity and variable study designs. Molecular mechanisms that may underlie this association include tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the timing of onset of anemia relative to the phase of ROP. Furthermore, maternal or neonatal disruptions in iron homeostasis, leading to either iron deficiency or accumulation, have been associated with ROP. Further studies, including randomized clinical trials, are needed to better elucidate the association between ROP and anemia, as well as the impact of the timing of the onset of anemia.
The Attitudes of the General Student Body Toward Gifted Students and Gifted Education: Attitude Profiles and Predictors
Authors: Jung Jae Yup , Lee Jihyun
Published: February 2025

In this study, an investigation was conducted into the nature of the attitudes of the general student body (comprising all students) toward gifted students and gifted education, along with the predictors of such attitudes. For this purpose, survey data were collected from 400 secondary students enrolled in a faith‐based school system in Australia. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, latent class analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Among the study findings were: (a) student attitudes toward gifted students and gifted education exist along two dimensions (i.e., support for gifted student adaptations and perceptions of non‐elitism), (b) students may be classified into three groups with distinct attitude profiles that differ from one another along these two dimensions (i.e., strong supporters of gifted students/gifted education, students with neutral attitudes toward gifted students/gifted education and non‐supporters of gifted students/gifted education, comprising 13%, 82%, and 5% of students respectively), and (c) the key predictors of student attitudes are school administrative support, academic impact, respect for authority, knowledge of giftedness and contact with gifted persons. The contributions of the study to the research literature are discussed.
Causal Association Between Multidimensional Plasma Lipid Composition and Pediatric Asthma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiong Xiaoqin
Published: February 2025

Background

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children and poses a major threat to their health. Observational studies have shown lipid disorders in children with asthma. However, it was not possible to determine whether there is a causal link between the two. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between serum liposomes and asthma in children.

Methods

We used large‐scale publicly available genome‐wide association study summary statistics to elucidate causal associations between plasma liposomes and children using a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The IVW method was used as the primary analysis method, and tests such as the Cochran Q test, MR‐Egger intercept, and leave‐one‐out method were utilized to explore whether there was heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the MR results. In addition, Steiger's test and reverse MR analysis were performed to test the directionality of the MR results.

Results

Our MR results identified a causal link between six plasma liposomes and childhood asthma. Among them, negative association between Diacylglycerol (16:0_18:2) (OR = 0.952, 95%CI = 0.913–0.992, p = 0.018), Triacylglycerol (52:4) (OR = 0.949, 95%CI = 0.905–0.994, p = 0.028), Phosphatidylcholine (18:2_20:3) (OR = 0.915, 95%CI = 0.843–0.993, p = 0.034), sterol ester (27:1/22:6) (OR = 0.929, 95% CI = 0.869–0.994, p = 0.031) and childhood asthma. There is a positive association between Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:5) (OR = 1.061, 95%CI = 1.006–1.120, p = 0.030), sterol ester (27:1/20:4) (OR = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.021–1.072, p = 0.0003) and pediatric asthma. A series of sensitivity tests also demonstrate the robustness of the results.

Conclusion

This MR study identified a causal link between some plasma liposomes and childhood asthma. This will provide new perspectives on the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in the future.
Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation During Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ilhan Ozkan , Celik Kiymet , Ozkan Nurten Zarif , Kocaoglu Ipek , Arayici Sema , Hakan Nilay
Published: February 2025

Background

This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether the use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during neonatal endotracheal intubation increased the rate of successful intubation without physiological instability during all intubation attempts.

Material and Methods

In total, 150 infants were randomly assigned to either an NIPPV or standard care group (n = 75 each). The primary outcome was successful intubation without physiological instability (defined as ≥ 20% decline in the peripheral oxygen saturation [SpO2] from preintubation value or bradycardia with a heart rate < 100 beats/min) during all intubation attempts.

Results

The mean postmenstrual age of the infants was 32.5 weeks, with a median weight of 1552 g at the time of intubation. The incidence of successful intubation without physiological instability during all intubation attempts was significantly higher in the NIPPV group (64%) than that in the standard care group (42.7%) (p = 0.009). This difference was particularly significant when inexperienced practitioners were involved. In the NIPPV group, the rates of bradycardia (18.7% vs. 41.3%) and severe desaturation (30.7% vs. 49.3%) were significantly lower, whereas the lowest SpO2 (85% vs. 76%) and lowest heart rate (118 vs. 105 beats/min) were significantly higher.

Conclusion

NIPPV during endotracheal intubation increased the incidence of successful intubation without physiological instability during intubation attempts in neonates while reducing the rate of hypoxia and bradycardia.
Diamond‐in‐Polyimide Insulation of Arrays of PEDOT:PSS‐Coated TiN Microelectrodes for Highly Stable Future Flexible Neural Implants
Authors: Hébert Clément , Carlier Samuel , Leão João Matheus , Wilfinger Claudia , Lissorgues Gaelle , Yvert Blaise , Rousseau Lionel
Published: February 2025

Neural implants allow to decipher brain functions as well as to design brain–computer interfaces that aim to compensate for the loss of functions after a brain injury. After two decades of development worldwide, the efficiency of the recording/stimulating implants is now sufficient to consider their transfer to clinical applications. Nevertheless, this translation is slowed down by a lack of proof of long‐term efficacy. Consequently, strong research effort is currently dedicated to obtain devices that can record and stimulate for decades. The major sources of failure that are identified are the delamination of the insulation and contact layers of the implant as well as the formation of cracks in the substrate. One of the main challenges is thus to find novel highly stable substrates and insulators. Diamond is an interesting candidate to meet this requirement, offering both high biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. Herein, thin diamond layers are combined with polyimide substrate to form the backbone of a neural implant and its functionality is assessed. The microelectrodes are made of titanium nitride on platinum coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate). This new type of neural implant is successfully tested in vivo to measure cortical auditory‐evoked activity in rats.
Combined Effects of the Electron–Hole Exchange and Förster Energy Transfer Interactions in Self‐Assembled Quantum‐Dot Pairs
Authors: Díaz‐Ramírez Jaime David , Lo Ping‐Yuan , Cheng Shun‐Jen , Ramírez‐Gómez Hanz Yecid
Published: February 2025

Single‐photon emitters are essential components for the development of optical quantum computing and other quantum technologies, and semiconductor quantum dots are one of the most promising systems for scalable implementation of this type of light sources. However, polarization decoherence is still an important challenge to overcome. Herein, the combined influence of the electron–hole exchange and the Förster energy transfer in a pair of laterally coupled self‐assembled quantum dots, on the exciton‐spin coherence time, is studied. The numerical simulations suggest that under some conditions, the interplay between those two interactions slows the exciton‐spin decoherence as compared to the single‐dot case, which favors the applicability of quantum dots in quantum light generation devices.
Revised Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension Criteria and Their Prognostic Value in IPF Transplant Waitlist Survival
Authors: Dhanani Zehra , Nicholson Michael J. , Gayen Shameek
Published: February 2025

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a leading indication for lung transplantation. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a common comorbidity in IPF, has gained renewed attention following the updated ESC/ERS guidelines, which redefine diagnostic thresholds for PH. This study evaluates the impact of the revised PH criteria on transplant waitlist outcomes among IPF patients. Specifically, we assessed the prevalence of PH under the new guidelines and its association with waitlist survival. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the OPTN/SRTR database, including 14,156 IPF candidates listed for lung transplantation. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate models to examine the influence of revised mPAP and PVR thresholds on waitlist mortality. The prevalence of PH, defined by the revised criteria, was significantly higher compared to the prior definition. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated worse waitlist survival for patients with PH under both diagnostic thresholds. However, multivariate analysis revealed that mPAP and PVR thresholds were not independently predictive of mortality. Instead, clinical parameters, including 6MWD, functional status, BMI, FVC, PaCO2, and double lung transplant preference, were significant predictors of waitlist mortality. In conclusion, while the revised PH diagnostic criteria increase PH prevalence in IPF patients, their independent prognostic utility for waitlist survival is limited. This national transplant database study underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and timely referral for transplantation in managing IPF with PH.
Study on Recycled Polyester/Nylon/Spandex Modified by LDPE and LLDPE
Authors: Kuang Xin‐mou , Su Min‐ru , Wang Liang , Li Hao , Shen Xiao‐lan , Yu Meng‐yun , Wu Yi‐ran , Liu Sheng‐kang
Published: February 2025

To enhance the utilization value of recycled materials like polyester, nylon, spandex, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), recycled polyester, nylon, and spandex were employed as raw materials. Firstly, the recycled polyester, nylon, and spandex were pretreated in pellet form to obtain pretreated mixed materials. Secondly, these pretreated materials were blended with other materials such as LDPE and LLDPE. Finally, the composite materials were fabricated through extrusion and injection molding. The mechanical properties of LDPE and LLDPE composites modified with recycled polyester, nylon, and spandex were investigated by comparing their respective mechanical properties. The fracture surface microstructure of the composite materials was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The results are as follows: (a) As the amount of polyester/nylon/spandex‐blended chemical fibers increased after pellet pretreatment, the maximum tensile strength, bending strength, and bending modulus of LDPE composites reached 22.16, 32.57, and 1252.8 MPa, respectively. Similarly, for LLDPE composites, the respective maxima were 22.35, 31.03, and 1259.2 MPa. (b) As the content of polyester/nylon/spandex hybrid fibers increased after mass pretreatment, the maximum impact strength and fracture elongation of the LDPE composite were 49.15 kJ/m2 and 19.29%, respectively. For LLDPE composite, the respective maxima were 31.64 kJ/m2 and 312.1%.
Polyoxometalate Nanomaterials for Tumor Phototherapy
Authors: Li Xue , Liu Xiangwei , Tao Ying , Feng Wei , Wang Haozhe , Xu Meifei , Sun Yuan , Sun Tiedong
Published: February 2025

Polyoxometalates (POM) are a class of inorganic metal oxides with distinctive structural characteristics, compositional versatility, high catalytic efficacy, and convenient storage properties. In recent years, POM have shown considerable potential for mimicking enzyme activities. Besides their biological activities, POM have been demonstrated to possess the ability to sense diseases and perform synergistic therapies based on their redox and near‐infrared absorption properties. Similar to the metallic nanoparticles and the organic materials, these inorganic clusters also exhibit distinctive photothermal imaging and therapeutic properties. Based on this, the current review focuses exclusively on the application of POM in the photothermal therapy of tumors. Furthermore, the advantages and the potential issues associated with the current POM‐based nanomaterials in tumor therapy are discussed and analyzed.
Optimized Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Corn Silk and Corn Silk Hydrochar
Authors: Ekinci Selma , Onat Erhan , Atiç Serdal
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the development and optimization of activated carbon (AC) from corn silk (CS‐AC) and corn silk hydrochar (CS‐HC‐AC) as a sustainable solution for water purification. For the first time, hydrothermal treatment and activation processes were employed, producing AC from corn silk with improved structural properties. CS‐HC‐AC exhibited a remarkable SBET surface area of 331.233 m2 g−1, surpassing the 7.335 m2 g−1 of CS‐AC. Key factors such as temperature, activation time, and activator rate were optimized (100% activator rate, 500 °C temperature, and 60 min activation time), with K2CO3 and ZnCl2 identified as the most effective activators for CS‐AC and CS‐HC‐AC, respectively. The resulting ACs showed high adsorption capacities for heavy metals (Cr(VI), Pb(II), and Ni(II)) and methylene blue dye.
Holistic Investigation of Graphene Quantum Dot Endocytosis
Authors: Topkiran Ugur C. , Valimukhametova Alina R. , Vashani Diya , Paul Himish , Dorsky Abby , Sottile Olivia , Johnson Dustin A. , Burnett William , Coffer Jeffery L. , Akkaraju Giridhar R. , Naumov Anton V.
Published: February 2025

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained popularity in nano‐biotechnology due to their multifunctional delivery and imaging capabilities. The outcome of their therapeutic delivery applications relies on understanding cell internalization routes. Current literature presents often conflicting results based on surveying only a few endocytosis inhibitors. Herein, a holistic approach to cell uptake studies by utilizing six different inhibitors while considering their on‐ and off‐target effects on internalization of the GQDs of different charges is provided. Endocytosis paths are explored by tracking intracellular GQD fluorescence in HeLa or HEK‐293 cells. Contrary to the previous assumptions of a singular entry route, findings suggest that GQDs enter the cells through several endocytosis paths with some more prevalent than others. Selectivity between the pathways is based on GQD charge and functional groups. Positively charged nitrogen‐doped GQDs (NGQDs) predominantly utilize a fast endophilin‐mediated endocytosis (FEME) in HeLa cells with a secondary preference for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). In HEK‐293 cells NGQDs internalize via clathrin‐independent, glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein‐enriched compartments (CLIC/GEEC) and FEME. Conversely, GQDs with a substantial negative surface charge uptake through CME in HeLa cells. The optimization of these mechanisms can enhance GQD applications in biomedicine, ideally streamlining their translation into the clinic.
Engineering of Covalently Bonded Electrode/Electrolyte for Inorganic‐Based Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Linlin , Xie Zhuohao , Wu Xianzhi , Xiao Yong , Hu Hang , Liang Yeru
Published: February 2025

Solid‐state electrolytes have garnered significant attention due to their inherent advantages in safety and electrochemical stability. Despite these benefits, the interfacial issues between the electrode and the solid‐state electrolyte continue to hinder the widespread application of solid‐state lithium batteries. The lack of effective interfacial contact, particularly in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), remains a critical barrier to achieving optimal battery performance. This study proposes a strategy to address this challenge by constructing a covalent electrode/ISE interface. Strengthening the interactions between the cathode and ISE reduces interfacial resistance and enhances electrochemical stability, leading to significant improvements in battery performance. The resulting solid‐state lithium battery, featuring a stable covalent coupling at the electrode/ISE interface, demonstrates outstanding cycling stability, retaining 85% of its initial capacity after 700 cycles at 1 C. This work not only provides new insights into overcoming interfacial resistance in ISEs but also offers a promising approach for the development of high‐performance solid‐state lithium batteries.
Design High‐Performance Stretchable Light‐Harvesting Polymers for Organic Solar Cells via Synergistic Effect of Flexible Alkyl Segment and Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Wang Hongli , Kou Hongming , Pan Jiye , Wang Xunchang , Liu Deyu , Yang Renqiang
Published: February 2025

Stretchable organic solar cells (SOSCs) have great application prospects to serve as energy supply systems, which can be fully incorporated with wearable electronic devices to achieve truly integrated systems that are fully stretchable and wearable. However, the stretchable polymer light‐harvesting active layer has not been successfully developed, which limits the development of stretchable organic solar cells. In this regard, a series of stretchable light‐harvesting donor and acceptor polymers are designed and synthesized by introducing amide units with flexible alkyl segments and hydrogen bonds as the third component into the PM6 and PY‐IT based conjugated polymer backbones. Hydrogen bonds and flexible alkyl segments can dissipate tensile stress for high stretchability. In addition, hydrogen bonds can reduce the impact of flexible alkyl segments on intermolecular stacking, thus maintaining good photovoltaic performance. The obtained results suggest that the incorporation of amide units (5 mol% content) into the donor polymer can efficiently improve the stretchability without compromising the photovoltaic performance. This study provides an understanding of the impact of amide units on properties, offering another entry to the molecular design guidelines for high‐performance stretchable light‐harvesting polymers, developing high‐performance stretchable organic solar cells, and further promoting the development of wearable electronic devices.
Chemical Engineering of DNAzyme for Effective Biosensing and Gene Therapy
Authors: Wang Rong , Huang Zhimei , Wu Zhenkun , Li Xin , Jiang Jian‐Hui
Published: February 2025

RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes are in vitro selected functional nucleic acids with inherent catalytic activities. Due to their unique properties, such as high specificity, substrate cleavage capability, and programmability, DNAzymes have emerged as powerful tools in the fields of analytical chemistry, chemical biology, and biomedicine. Nevertheless, the biological applications of DNAzymes are still impeded by several challenges, such as structural instability, compromised catalytic activity in biological environments and the lack of spatiotemporal control designs, which may result in false‐positive signals, limited efficacy or non‐specific activation associated with side effects. To address these challenges, various strategies have been explored to regulate DNAzyme activity through chemical modifications, enhancing their stability, selectivity, and functionality, thereby positioning them as ideal candidates for biological applications. In this review, a comprehensive overview of chemically modified DNAzymes is provided, discussing modification strategies and the effects of these modifications on DNAzymes. Specific examples of the use of chemically modified DNAzymes in biosensing and gene therapy are also presented and discussed. Finally, the current challenges in the field are addressed and offer perspectives on the potential direction for chemically modified DNAzymes.
Tofacitinib for the treatment of chronic pouchitis: A pilot study
Authors: de Jong Djuna C. , Goetgebuer Rogier , Müskens Bart L. M. , Neefjes‐Borst E. Andra , Gecse Krisztina B. , Löwenberg Mark , de Jonge Wouter , Bemelman Willem , Ponsioen Cyriel , D'Haens Geert R. , Duijvestein Marjolijn
Published: February 2025

Background & Aims

Up to 15% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with an ileo‐anal pouch will develop chronic or antibiotic refractory pouchitis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in these refractory patients.

Methods

In this prospective single center study, adult UC patients with chronic or antibiotic refractory pouchitis (pouchitis disease activity index [PDAI] ≥ 7) were treated with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and histologic disease activity was assessed at baseline and at week 8. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving clinical remission (PDAI < 7 and a reduction of ≥3 points from baseline) or clinical response (decrease ≥2 points from baseline).

Results

Thirteen patients were included and treated with tofacitinib. After 8 weeks, 31% achieved PDAI‐defined remission (4/13) and 54% achieved response (7/13). Both the total PDAI score (11 [interquartile range 9–12.75] vs. 8 [4.5–9.75], p = 0.033) and the clinical PDAI subscore (4 [3–4] vs. 2 [0.25–3.75], p = 0.014) decreased significantly from baseline compared to week 8 or early withdrawal, respectively. We did not observe a change in endoscopic or histological PDAI subscores.

Conclusion

In this pilot study, clinical remission in patients with chronic pouchitis was achieved in 31% of patients after 8 weeks of treatment with tofacitinib. Total and clinical PDAI dropped significantly compared with baseline, but we did not observe a significant change in endoscopic or histologic disease activity. Presumably, a treatment duration of 8 weeks is insufficient to induce mucosal healing in these refractory patients.