bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of apoptosis: expression and regulation in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in pigs
Authors: Yoo Inkyu , Jung Wonchul , Lee Soohyung , Cheon Yugyeong , Ka Hakhyun
Published: September 2021

Objective: Caspase-mediated apoptosis plays a crucial role in the regulation of endometrial and placental function in females. Caspase activity is tightly controlled by members of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family. However, the expression and regulation of IAPs at the maternal-conceptus interface has not been studied in pigs. Therefore, we determined the expression of IAP family members baculovirus IAP repeat-containing 1 (BIRC1) to BIRC6 at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs.Methods: We obtained endometrial tissues from pigs at various stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, conceptus tissues during early pregnancy, and chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to late pregnancy and analyzed the expression of IAPs. Furthermore, we determined the effects of the steroid hormones estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone on the expression of IAPs in endometrial explant tissue cultures.Results: During the estrous cycle, BIRC2 and BIRC5 expression varied cyclically, and during pregnancy, endometrial BIRC1, BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC4, and BIRC5 expression varied in a stage-specific manner. Conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues also expressed IAPs during pregnancy. The BIRC2 and BIR3 mRNAs were localized to luminal epithelial cells, and BIRC4 proteins to glandular epithelial cells in the endometrium. Exposure of endometrial tissues to E2 increased the expression of BIRC6, while progesterone increased the expression of BIRC1, BIRC4, and BIRC6 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: These results indicated that IAPs were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in a stage-specific manner. In addition, steroid hormones were found to be responsible for the expression of some IAPs in pigs. Together, the results suggested that IAPs may play important roles in endometrial and placental functions by regulating caspase action and apoptosis at the maternal-conceptus interface.
Urheberrecht
Authors: Ring Gerhard , Kiefel Sebastian , Möller-Klapperich Julia
Published: September 2021

Das Lehrbuch erörtert prägnant anhand der aktuellen Rechtsprechung die wichtigsten Bereiche des Urheberrechts, wie es Gegenstand der universitären Schwerpunktausbildung ist:

die Anwendung des neuen Urheberrechtsdiensteanbietergesetz;

die Regelungsänderungen im Hinblick auf die freie Benutzung und ihre Hintergründe;

die Leistungsschutzrechte

Erörtert wird das Urheberrecht auf Grundlage der Urheberrechtsnovelle.

Zahlreiche Beispiele, Fälle mit gutachterlichen Lösungen erleichtern das Verständnis. Wiederholungs- und Verständnisfragen sowie kurze Zusammenfassungen erlauben das Wiederholen „auf den Punkt“.
„Zur Physiologie (auch Pathologie) des Schaffens“
Authors: Höfflin-Grether Eva Susanne
Published: September 2021

Hardly any literary work of Classical Modernism is as well documented in its genesis as that of the Austrian author Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931). This workshop report is the first to systematically examine the diverse textual interrelationships in the author's oeuvre. Three case studies on the dramas „Die Gefährtin“ (1898), „Große Szene“ (1915) and „Zug der Schatten“ (beleaguered fragment, 1970) as well as an extensive overview show which forms of such work-immanent relationships can be identified, how they are modified during the text genesis and which production-aesthetical implications arise. In the course of this, the interference of Schnitzler's texts emerges as a characteristic creative feature that can be observed throughout the entire oeuvre.
Inclusion in Early Childhood Development Settings: A Reality or an Oasis
Authors: Mathwasa Joyce , Sibanda Lwazi
Published: September 2021

Inclusive education within the Early Childhood Development settings has been identified as the most equitable practice for children with disabilities and is based on acknowledging it as a fundamental human right and a foundation for life-long learning for all children. Based on the concept of human rights, inclusion has been viewed as an ambiguous and imaginable consequence of excessive promise, which does not refer to early childhood; hence, practitioners have challenges in its applicability. This chapter aims to unravel the mysteries behind inclusion in early childhood, exploring the realities of what works and what does not work to inform policy making mechanism. Literature from renowned published work that focuses extensively on various countries across continents is reviewed. Local recently published and unpublished studies that scrutinise the association between practitioner qualification and quality of the ECD centres; those that have explored the success and challenges of inclusion in ECD will be examined. It is envisaged that this chapter would come up with best practices in the implementation and assessment of inclusive education in the ECD settings that will benefit children with disabilities, their parents or caregivers, and stakeholders.
Regional Analgesia for Knee Surgeries: Thinking beyond Borders
Authors: Sonawane Kartik , Dixit Hrudini
Published: September 2021

Knee surgeries are the most commonly performed joint surgeries in the modern world, which help maintain the quality of life by improving joint functions. These include open trauma, sports injury, or joint replacement surgeries. Among various available regional analgesia options for knee surgeries, the goal is to choose motor-sparing, opioid-sparing, and procedure-specific modalities. Therefore, it is essential to know the complex anatomy of the knee joint, essential steps of various surgical procedures, and innervations of the pain-generating structures for a particular surgery. Background knowledge of all these essentials helps select the most appropriate regional analgesia technique for knee surgeries.
The Effect of Aspect on Landslide and Its Relationship with Other Parameters
Authors: Cellek Seda
Published: September 2021

Aspect is one of the parameters used in the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps. The procedure of this easily accessible and conclusive parameter is still a matter of debate in the literature. Each landslide area has its own morphological structure, so it is not possible to make a generalization for the aspect. In other words, there is no aspect in which landslides develop in particular. Generally, landslides occur in areas facing more than one direction. The biggest reason for this is that those areas are under the influence of other parameters. Therefore, it is wrong to evaluate the aspect, alone. Since it is a part of the system, it should be evaluated together with other conditioning factors. In this research, many landslides susceptibility studies have been investigated. The directions and causes of landslides have been determined from the studies. In addition, the criteria of the used aspect classes have been investigated. In the literature, the number of class intervals chosen, and their reasons were investigated, and the effects of this parameter were tried to be revealed in new sensitivity studies.
The Newborn Baby Check
Authors: Tharmarajah Harishan
Published: September 2021

The newborn baby check is often the first encounter a General Practitioner (GP) has with an infant and their family. It is an excellent opportunity to review the journey the family has taken antenatally, at the time of delivery and the weeks that have followed. It is also a time to detect and identify conditions that can be managed in their early stages. If untreated, some conditions can result in major morbidity. In this chapter we will look at what makes up a newborn baby check and important considerations to think about when undertaking this assessment. The examination is also performed in a systematic way to maximise the chance of detecting any abnormalities.
Ureteric Injury in Gynecology Surgery
Authors: Garg Rama
Published: September 2021

It is the most serious and trouble-some complication of pelvic surgery and common reason for medico-legal action by the patient. It can be unilateral or bilateral. Lowest 3 cm of ureter is usually injured. 75% of injuries result from gynecological operations - 3/4th during abdominal and 1/4th during vaginal operations. As most injuries can be diagnosed intraoperatively, systematic assessment of urinary tract integrity should be part of the surgical plan. Intraoperative cystoscopy using either flexible or rigid instruments can aid in the diagnosis or exclusion of urinary tract injury. Identification of the mechanism of injury and its location guides immediate or delayed repair. Mobilization should be sufficient to allow a tension-free closure. Tissue interposition is typically recommended. Common sites for ureteral injury are found beneath the uterine vessels near the cardinal ligament and beneath the infundibulopelvic ligament and the tunnel of Wertheim. Successful ureteral repair relies on careful mobilization, wide spatulation, use of fine absorbable suture (4-0, 5-0), and temporary stenting. Postoperative signs and symptoms of ureteral injury may include unilateral flank pain, fever, prolonged ileus, and abdominal or pelvic fluid collection (urinoma).
Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Biological Model of Studies with Anthelmintics
Authors: Barrón-Bravo Oscar , Montiel-Maya Ismael , Cruz-Avalos Ana , Avila-Ramos Fidel , Molina Ochoa Jaime , Angel-Sahagún César
Published: September 2021

Anthelmintics used in animals to combat parasitic infections are mainly excreted in manure and cause negative effects on the environment and decomposers. Nematodes are associated with the rhizosphere; some are gastrointestinal parasites of animals, and others regulate insects and other arthropods (entomopathogenic nematodes) and are considered beneficial. The habitat and the similarities that exist among them give the opportunity to use nematodes as a biological model. The availability of target organisms is not always feasible; therefore, experimental studies with models similar to those of the target organisms are a possibility. In veterinary clinics, the study of drug susceptibility is a fundamental tool to monitor the development of resistance. To conserve the biodiversity of the environment, it is necessary to make adequate use of anthelmintics, avoid resistance to these pesticides and prevent the used products from damaging populations of beneficial organisms.
Raman Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Textile Structures
Authors: Puchowicz Dorota , Cieslak Malgorzata
Published: September 2021

Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive technique is very often used to analyze a historic or forensic material. It is also a very valuable method of testing textile materials, especially modified and functionalized. In the case of textiles, the advantages of this technique is the compatibility inter alia with FTIR, which is helpful in natural fibers identification or to distinguish between isomers and conformers of synthetic fibers. The work shows the possibility of special application of the Raman spectroscopy to the characterization of textile materials after modification and functionalization with nanoparticles. A functionalized textile structure with a metallic surface can provide a good basis for analytical studies using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as it was presented on the example of wool, cotton and aramid fibers.
Infrared Characterization and Electrochemical Study of Silanes Grafted into Surface of Copper
Authors: Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The formation of a protective layer of tow silane coupling agents: γ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) or γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) on copper is studied by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), electrochemical (Potentiodynamic polarization) and gravimetric chemical (Weight loss) measurements. Dried in ambient conditions, the silane adsorbed on the copper subtract physically, however its protective action is not reliable. Thiolate and siloxane band formation ameliorate the protective action of the silanic layer on the surface of copper especially after curing process. Potentiodynamic polarization and Weight loss experiments show that the performances protective action of cured treatment (cured/Cu-silane) is higher than that of aging process (aged/Cu-silane).
Clustering by Similarity of Brazilian Legal Documents Using Natural Language Processing Approaches
Authors: Souza de Oliveira Raphael , Giovani Sperandio Nascimento Erick
Published: September 2021

The Brazilian legal system postulates the expeditious resolution of judicial proceedings. However, legal courts are working under budgetary constraints and with reduced staff. As a way to face these restrictions, artificial intelligence (AI) has been tackling many complex problems in natural language processing (NLP). This work aims to detect the degree of similarity between judicial documents that can be achieved in the inference group using unsupervised learning, by applying three NLP techniques, namely term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), Word2Vec CBoW, and Word2Vec Skip-gram, the last two being specialized with a Brazilian language corpus. We developed a template for grouping lawsuits, which is calculated based on the cosine distance between the elements of the group to its centroid. The Ordinary Appeal was chosen as a reference file since it triggers legal proceedings to follow to the higher court and because of the existence of a relevant contingent of lawsuits awaiting judgment. After the data-processing steps, documents had their content transformed into a vector representation, using the three NLP techniques. We notice that specialized word-embedding models—like Word2Vec—present better performance, making it possible to advance in the current state of the art in the area of NLP applied to the legal sector.
Vascular Calcification and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Problem That Is Here to Stay
Authors: Castanheiro Esteves Carias Eduarda , Calças Marques Roberto , Paula Andrade da Silva Ana
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, particularly in end stage renal disease (ESRD). This could be explained in part due to the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as older age, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, but is also associated with nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors related to CKD, like inflammation, anemia, abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism and extracellular fluid volume overload, which may contribute to intimal or medial wall arterial calcification. Vascular calcification (VC) is a dynamic process, resulting from the dysregulation of the balance of molecules that promote and those that inhibit this course. It is important for clinicians to both acknowledge and recognize the pathways and risk factors of VC in order to improve cardiovascular health in CKD patients. This chapter will focus on the biology of VC, the association with CKD, risk factor modification, screening and prevention of VC and cardiovascular disease in CKD patients.
Establishment of a Mouse Model of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Purification of Hepatic Parenchymal and Non-Parenchymal Cells
Authors: Yan Yan , Davgadorj Chantsalmaa
Published: September 2021

The use of replication-competent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA to construct a mouse model will help explore antiviral treatment strategies for more than 240 million patients infected with HBV worldwide. Eradication of chronic HBV infection can effectively block the adverse consequences of HBV-induced hepatic cirrhosis, failure and carcinoma. The core reason that HBV is difficult to eradicate is that most of infected people develop chronic HBV infection due to the establishment of immune tolerance. Here, we introduce a mouse model of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV transfection, which produces HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) that can be maintained for more than 6 months. During virus replication, intermediates, transcripts, and proteins can be detected in peripheral blood. At the same time, the prerequisite for studying liver disease formation and immunotherapy through in vitro experiments is to isolate hepatic subgroup cells. Here, we describe a cell sorting method based on liberase perfusion technology combined with low-speed centrifugation and magnetic bead antibody labeling to purify hepatic parenchymal cells (PCs) and non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) step by step from murine liver, such as hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and Kupffer cells (KCs), which will help accelerate the study of the genetic and clearance mechanistic of chronic HBV infection.
Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals
Authors: Donadelli Renan , Aldrich Greg
Published: September 2021

While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.
Outcomes Associated with Lower Doses of Ketamine by Emergency Medical Services for Profound Agitation
Authors: Coffey Shaila , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Egan Haley , Wallace Kelli , Harland Karisa , Mohr Nicholas , Ahmed Azeemuddin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Ketamine is commonly used to treat profound agitation in the prehospital setting. Early in ketamine’s prehospital use, intubation after arrival in the emergency department (ED) was frequent. We sought to measure the frequency of ED intubation at a Midwest academic medical center after prehospital ketamine use for profound agitation, hypothesizing that intubation has become less frequent as prehospital ketamine has become more common and prehospital dosing has improved.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients receiving ketamine in the prehospital setting for profound agitation and transported to a midwestern, 60,000-visit, Level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2017–- March 1, 2021. We report descriptive analyses of patient-level prehospital clinical data and ED outcomes. The primary outcome was proportion of patients intubated in the ED.

Results: A total of 78 patients received ketamine in the prehospital setting (69% male, mean age 36 years). Of the 42 (54%) admitted patients, 15 (36% of admissions) were admissions to the intensive care unit. Overall, 12% (95% confidence interval [CI]), 4.5-18.6%)] of patients were intubated, and indications included agitation (n = 4), airway protection not otherwise specified (n = 4), and respiratory failure (n = 1).

Conclusion: Endotracheal intubation in the ED after prehospital ketamine use for profound agitation in our study sample was found to be less than previously reported.
Cervical Spine Injuries in Older Patients with Falls Found on Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Computed Tomography
Authors: Cushing Corinne , Holmes James , Tyler Katren
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In this study we aimed to determine the rate of traumatic abnormalities on cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after a normal cervical spine computed tomography (CT) in older patients with ground-level falls. We hypothesized that MRI is low yield following a normal physical examination and normal CT after a ground-level fall.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients 65 years and older evaluated with a cervical spine MRI following a ground-level fall. Inclusion criteria included age 65 years and older, ground-level fall, normal cervical spine CT followed by a cervical spine MRI. We abstracted data following accepted methodologic guidelines. Patients with any focal neurological finding were considered to have an abnormal neurological examination. Imaging studies were considered to be abnormal if there was a report of an acute traumatic injury. The primary outcome was a traumatic abnormality identified on MRI. We described data with simple descriptive statistics.

Results: Eighty-seven patients with a median age of 74 (interquartile range [IQR] 69, 83]) years had an MRI following a normal cervical spine CT. Median emergency department length of stay was 8.2 hours (IQR 5.3, 13.5). Sixty-four (73.6%) patients had a normal neurological examination on arrival; eight of these patients (12.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-23.2%) had an abnormal cervical spine MRI. Twenty-three patients (26.4%) had an abnormal neurological examination on arrival; two of these patients (8.7%, 95% CI, 1.1-28%) had an abnormal cervical spine MRI. Overall, 10 patients (11.5%) had an abnormal cervical spine MRI. One patient underwent operative intervention due to an unstable injury. Of the remaining nine patients with acute findings on cervical spine MRI, there were no other unstable injuries; two patients were managed with cervical orthosis, and seven patients had no additional management.

Conclusion: In this study of older patients with ground-level falls and normal, atraumatic, cervical spine CT, a small portion had traumatic abnormalities on MRI, with few requiring further intervention. Further study is required to identify criteria to determine when MRI should be performed in older patients after a ground-level fall.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Chronic Radiation Dermatitis Associated with Childhood Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Yue Kai-Lou C. , Lombardi Isabelle , Sodagum Lohit , Porto Dennis
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer in Caucasians, but the role played by ionizing radiation (IR) exposure in its etiology is unclear. Case Presentation: This study presents a patient with SCC, actinic keratoses, and radiation dermatitis of the feet with a distant history of IR exposure from a shoe-fitting fluoroscope. It is likely the fluoroscope’s IR contributed to the etiology of these manifestations. Conclusions: Patients with a history of repeated IR exposure, particularly from older, unregulated sources such as a shoe-fitting fluoroscope, should be monitored with a high index of suspicion for skin cancer and other related problems.
Delivering Bad News to Patients: Survey of Physicians, Patients, and Their Family Members’ Attitudes
Authors: Bazrafshan Amir , Zendehbad Asma , Enjoo Seyed Ali
Published: September 2021

Background: Breaking bad news to patients is an unpleasant process, but it is essential for the medical team, which is giving information about a person’s illness; without proper planning, it leads to a negative impact on people’s feelings and quality of life. Cultural differences can be effective in telling bad news. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of physicians, patients, and patients’ families towards breaking bad medical news. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among physicians, patients, and their families referred to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2016 - 2017. Their attitudes regarding how to tell bad news were evaluated by self-administrated questionnaires. Results: A total of 397 valid questionnaires completed by physicians, patients, and their families were analyzed in this study. All groups of participants preferred telling bad news to patients about the diagnosis of their disease; they also believed that in the case of a patient’s dissatisfaction, this information should not be given to other family members. Patients’ family members would rather tell lies to the patient about their diagnosis. Conclusions: There is a tendency towards not telling bad news in Iranian culture; Iranian people tend to protect those around them, and the desire to give bad news to those around them is lower than the tendency to hear bad news about one’s own illness. With increasing education, the tendency to telling bad news increases.
Climate activism: introduction
Authors: Goldhill Simon , Fitzgibbon Georgie
Published: September 2021

The climate emergency has inspired a range of actions, both individual and collective. This issue of the Journal of the British Academy contextualises the climate crisis within the COVID-19 pandemic and the lead up to COP26. It asks what climate action looks like at different levels, and how this action can ensure climate justice.
TRZENJE VISOKOSOLSKEGA PROGRAMA NA PODLAGI ODNOSOV MED PONUDNIKOM - VISOKOSOLSKIM ZAVODOM IN UPORABNIKOM STORITEV - STUDENTOM
Authors: Starc Jasmina
Published: September 2021

Trzenje na podlagi odnosov je lahko uporabljeno kot vir konkurencneprednosti vsake izobraze- valne organizacije. Pri tem predstavlja povezanost trzenja na podlagi odnosov s teorijo virov kot osnovo razvoja dejavnikov konkurencnih prednosti. Izobrazevalne organizacije, ki prepoznavajo osnovne sestavine trzenja na podlagi odnosov kot vire konkurencne prednosti, dosegajo tudi vecjo prepoznavnost, obstoj in uporabo le-teh na trgu, obenem pa tudi vecjo dobickonosnost. Visokosolski zavodi, ki zelijo preziveti v trzno naravnanem okolju, bodo morale spremeniti svoj odnos do uporabnikov njihovih storitev - studentov.
POVJERENJE STEDISA I KREDITORA U BANKARSKI SEKTOR REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Slijepcevic Vitomir
Published: September 2021

Stabilnost bankarskog sistema Republike Srpske zavisi od stabilnosti izvora finansiranja, a koji se u najvecoj mjeri obezbjeduju kroz depozite i uzete kredite. Ove dvije stavke u bilansu stanja banaka Republike Srpske cine 84,4% svih izvora finansiranja. Ocito je da stabilnost bankarskog sektora ovog entiteta zavisi od povjerenja stedisa i kreditora. Cilj ovog rada je istraziti kako kapital banke i njena profitabilnost uticu na ponasanje stedisa i kreditora. Svrha ovog istrazivanja je dobiti odgovor na pitanje: “Da li stedise daju svojepovjerenje onim bankama koje imaju naj- bolju profitabilnost i rast vlastitih izvora finansioranja, odnosno kapitala?“ U radu su koriscene osnovne statisticke metode istrazivanja, grafickogpredstavljanja, komparacije i apstrahovanja dobijenih rezultata. Provedeno istrazivanje pokazalo je da raste povjerenje stedisa u bankarski sistem Republike Srpske, ali da na ponasanje stedisa znacajno ne uticeprofitabilnost banaka,vec sigurnost ulozenih depozita. Tri najvece banke raspolazu sa 67% depozita bankarskog sektora Republike Srpske, njihovo ucesce u kapitalu je 58%, a u dobiti 76%.
A Gendered Approach to Forced Migration Governance in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Amalia Annisa Dina
Published: September 2021

Despite persecution of refugees being in the spotlight around the world, academics and practitioners continue to debate how to address the issue. Using a feminist lens in International Relations, this paper attempts to unpack the seemingly neutral character of forced migration governance. Supported by examples from the Asia Pacific region, this paper finds that the nature offorced migration governance is highly gendered. This can be seen from how states portray andtake actions towards refugees within ASEAN and the Bali Process, as these are the two maininstitutions governing forced migration in the region. This governance is gendered through: (1) the feminization of refugee portrayal by states’ security-focused approach, and (2) the reinforcement of states’ perceptions as the masculinist protectors translated into the securitization of migration. While this understanding seems to add more complexity to the issue, it further suggests that this state- and security-centric paradigm can be reconstructed by a rapprochement between feminist and International Relations scholars.
Cybersecurity
Authors: Wilson Duane C.
Published: September 2021

An accessible guide to cybersecurity for the everyday user, covering cryptography and public key infrastructure, malware, blockchain, and other topics.

It seems that everything we touch is connected to the internet, from mobile phones and wearable technology to home appliances and cyber assistants. The more connected our computer systems, the more exposed they are to cyber attacks—attempts to steal data, corrupt software, disrupt operations, and even physically damage hardware and network infrastructures. In this volume of the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, cyber security expert Duane Wilson offers an accessible guide to cybersecurity issues for everyday users, describing risks associated with internet use, modern methods of defense against cyber attacks, and general principles for safer internet use.

Wilson describes the principles that underlie all cybersecurity defense: confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, authorization, and non-repudiation (validating the source of information). He explains that confidentiality is accomplished by cryptography; examines the different layers of defense; analyzes cyber risks, threats, and vulnerabilities; and breaks down the cyber kill chain and the many forms of malware. He reviews some online applications of cybersecurity, including end-to-end security protection, secure ecommerce transactions, smart devices with built-in protections, and blockchain technology. Finally, Wilson considers the future of cybersecurity, discussing the continuing evolution of cyber defenses as well as research that may alter the overall threat landscape.
Dialogues
Authors: Lem Stanisław
Published: September 2021

The first English translation of a nonfiction work by Stanisław Lem, which was “conceived under the spell of cybernetics” in 1957 and updated in 1971.

In 1957, Stanisław Lem published Dialogues, a book “conceived under the spell of cybernetics,” as he wrote in the preface to the second edition. Mimicking the form of Berkeley's Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Lem's original dialogue was an attempt to unravel the then-novel field of cybernetics. It was a testimony, Lem wrote later, to “the almost limitless cognitive optimism” he felt upon his discovery of cybernetics. This is the first English translation of Lem's Dialogues, including the text of the first edition and the later essays added to the second edition in 1971.

For the second edition, Lem chose not to revise the original. Recognizing the naivete of his hopes for cybernetics, he constructed a supplement to the first dialogue, which consists of two critical essays, the first a summary of the evolution of cybernetics, the second a contribution to the cybernetic theory of the “sociopathology of governing,” amending the first edition's discussion of the pathology of social regulation; and two previously published articles on related topics. From the vantage point of 1971, Lem observes that original book, begun as a search for methods “that would increase our understanding of both the human and nonhuman worlds,” was in the end “an expression of the cognitive curiosity and anxiety of modern thought.”
Turks, Jews, and Other Germans in Contemporary Art
Authors: Chametzky Peter
Published: September 2021

The first book to examine multicultural visual art in Germany, discussing more than thirty contemporary artists and arguing for a cosmopolitan Germanness.

With Turks, Jews, and Other Germans in Contemporary Art, Peter Chametzky presents a view of visual culture in Germany that leaves behind the usual suspects—those artists who dominate discussions of contemporary German art, including Gerhard Richter, Anselm Kiefer, and Rosemarie Trockel—and instead turns to those artists not as well known outside Germany, including Maziar Moradi, Hito Steyerl, and Tanya Ury. In this first book-length examination of Germany's multicultural art scene, Chametzky explores the work of more than thirty German artists who are (among other ethnicities) Turkish, Jewish, Arab, Asian, Iranian, Sinti and Roma, Balkan, and Afro-German.

With a title that echoes Peter Gay's 1978 collection of essays, Freud, Jews and Other Germans, this book, like Gay's, rejects the idea of “us” and “them” in German culture. Discussing artworks in a variety of media that both critique and expand notions of identity and community, Chametzky offers a counternarrative to the fiction of an exclusively white, Christian German culture, arguing for a cosmopolitan Germanness. He considers works that deploy critical, confrontational, and playful uses of language, especially German and Turkish; that assert the presence of “foreign bodies” among the German body politic; that grapple with food as a cultural marker; that engage with mass media; and that depict and inhabit spaces imbued with the element of time.

American discussions of German contemporary art have largely ignored the emergence of non-ethnic Germans as some of Germany's most important visual artists. Turks, Jews, and Other Germans in Contemporary Art fills this gap.

Artists discussed include

Rozbeh Asmani, Said Baalbaki, Candice Breitz, Esther Dischereit, Nezaket Ekici, Parastou Forouher, Özlem Günyol & Mustafa Kunt, Manaf Halbouni, Silke Helmerdig, Mwangi Hutter, Natasha A. Kelly, Maziar Moradi, Farkhondeh Shahroudi, Hito Steyerl, Nasan Tur, and Tanya Ury
The Distributed Classroom
Authors: Joyner David A. , Isbell Charles
Published: September 2021

A vision of the future of education in which the classroom experience is distributed across space and time without compromising learning.

What if there were a model for learning in which the classroom experience was distributed across space and time—and students could still have the benefits of the traditional classroom, even if they can't be present physically or learn synchronously? In this book, two experts in online learning envision a future in which education from kindergarten through graduate school need not be tethered to a single physical classroom. The distributed classroom would neither sacrifice students' social learning experience nor require massive development resources. It goes beyond hybrid learning, so ubiquitous during the COVID-19 pandemic, and MOOCs, so trendy a few years ago, to reimagine the classroom itself.

David Joyner and Charles Isbell, both of Georgia Tech, explain how recent developments, including distance learning and learning management systems, have paved the way for the distributed classroom. They propose that we dispense with the dichotomy between online and traditional education, and the assumption that online learning is necessarily inferior. They describe the distributed classroom's various delivery modes for in-person students, remote synchronous students, and remote asynchronous students; the goal would be a symmetry of experiences, with both students and teachers able to move from one mode to another. With The Distributed Classroom, Joyner and Isbell offer an optimistic, learner-centric view of the future of education, in which every person on earth can be a potential learner as barriers of cost, geography, and synchronicity disappear.
An XRCC4 mutant mouse, a model for human X4 syndrome, reveals interplays with Xlf, PAXX, and ATM in lymphoid development
Authors: Roch Benoit , Abramowski Vincent , Etienne Olivier , Musilli Stefania , David Pierre , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Callebaut Isabelle , Boussin François D , de Villartay Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2021

We developed an Xrcc4M61R separation of function mouse line to overcome the embryonic lethality of Xrcc4-deficient mice. XRCC4M61R protein does not interact with Xlf, thus obliterating XRCC4-Xlf filament formation while preserving the ability to stabilize DNA ligase IV. X4M61R mice, which are DNA repair deficient, phenocopy the Nhej1-/- (known as Xlf -/-) setting with a minor impact on the development of the adaptive immune system. The core non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair factor XRCC4 is therefore not mandatory for V(D)J recombination aside from its role in stabilizing DNA ligase IV. In contrast, Xrcc4M61R mice crossed on Paxx-/-, Nhej1-/-, or Atm-/- backgrounds are severely immunocompromised, owing to aborted V(D)J recombination as in Xlf-Paxx and Xlf-Atm double Knock Out (DKO) settings. Furthermore, massive apoptosis of post-mitotic neurons causes embryonic lethality of Xrcc4M61R -Nhej1-/- double mutants. These in vivo results reveal new functional interplays between XRCC4 and PAXX, ATM and Xlf in mouse development and provide new insights into the understanding of the clinical manifestations of human XRCC4-deficient condition, in particular its absence of immune deficiency.
Filopodia powered by class x myosin promote fusion of mammalian myoblasts
Authors: Hammers David W , Hart Cora C , Matheny Michael K , Heimsath Ernest G , Lee Young il , Hammer John A , Cheney Richard E , Sweeney H Lee
Published: September 2021

Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated cellular giants formed by the fusion of mononuclear myoblasts. Several molecules involved in myoblast fusion have been discovered, and finger-like projections coincident with myoblast fusion have also been implicated in the fusion process. The role of these cellular projections in muscle cell fusion was investigated herein. We demonstrate that these projections are filopodia generated by class X myosin (Myo10), an unconventional myosin motor protein specialized for filopodia. We further show that Myo10 is highly expressed by differentiating myoblasts, and Myo10 ablation inhibits both filopodia formation and myoblast fusion in vitro. In vivo, Myo10 labels regenerating muscle fibers associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and acute muscle injury. In mice, conditional loss of Myo10 from muscle-resident stem cells, known as satellite cells, severely impairs postnatal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, the muscle fusion proteins Myomaker and Myomixer are detected in myoblast filopodia. These data demonstrate that Myo10-driven filopodia facilitate multinucleated mammalian muscle formation.
Responding to research challenges related to studying L2 collocational use in professional academic discourse
Authors: Henriksen Birgit , Westbrook Pete
Published: September 2021

This study describes the English collocational use of non-native university teachers from two different disciplines lecturing in an Englishmedium instruction context at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH). The primary focus is on how we addressed the research challenges involved in identifying and classifying collocations used by L2 speakers in advanced, domain-specifc oral academic discourse. The main fndings seem to suggest that to map an informant’s complete collocational use and to get an understanding of disciplinary differences, we need to not only take account of general, academic and domain-specifc collocations but also need to cover the full range of both lexical and grammatical collocations.
Agronomic Performance and Organoleptic Characteristics of Local Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Cultivated in Mbaiki (Central African Republic)
Authors: Touckia Gorgon Igor , Aba-toumnou Lucie , Komba Ephrem Kosh , Dan-zi Cherubin , Kokou Kouami
Published: September 2021

In the Central African Republic, there are a multitude of local varieties of sweet potato. However, few studies have been carried their agro morphological and organoleptic characteristics. A Fisher random block device was set up on the three local varieties of sweet potato. The growing and production parameters were evaluated as well as the organoleptic characteristics through the food taste test. The parameters of growing and production were assessed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with one classification criterion using the R software version 3.1.3. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed with the growth and yield parameters in order to highlight the correlations between these different parameters. The variety 1 (V1) produced the plants with the largest diameters (1.30 cm), while the smallest diameters was observed in the variety 2 (V2) with 0.55 cm. There is a significant difference (P-value = 0.0001) between the different varieties according to the ANOVA test. According to the length of the tuber, the V2 produced the longest tuberous root than the others with an average of 28.53 cm. The smallest length is observed in the V3 with an average of 25.12 cm. There is not significant (p-value = 0.216) in relation with the length of the tuber for the cultivated varieties of the sweet potato. The eigenvalues of the two main axes extracted from the Principal Component Analysis explained 53.68% and 16.82% of the matrix growth/ yield information. Along the factor axes, apart from parameters such as tuber diameters and length which are not positively correlated, there is little variability between the other parameters which are strongly correlated.
Screening of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.] Germplasm Lines against Drought Tolerance Based on Biochemical Traits
Authors: Choudhary M. L. , Tripathi M. K. , Gupta Neha , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj , Parihar Prerana , Pandya R. K.
Published: September 2021

Aim: The current investigation was commenced to investigate genetic miscellany among pearl millet genotypes based on diverse biochemical parameters interrelated to drought tolerance.

Study Design: In investigation, 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were screened against drought using diverse biochemical traits.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during July 2019 to December, 2020.

Methodology: Five biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, proline and protein were investigated for explanation of differences among 96 pearl millet germplasm lines in respect to drought tolerance.

Results: Data of present investigation revealed the mean leaves chlorophyll at 30DAS was 2.90 mgg-1 with the range of 1.31-4.69 mgg-1, whereas chlorophyll at 60DAS was arrayed between 1.46-3.84 mgg-1with an average of 3.02 mgl-1. Carotenoid at 30DAS was ranging from 4.5-11.44 mgg-1 with an average value of 7.23 mgg-1, while carotenoid at 60DAS was recorded in range of 5.01 to 10.10 mgg-1with an average of 6.66 mgg-1. TSS was ranged between 1.10-2.20 mgg-1, proline 0.10 to 0.17 mg g-1 and protein content 9.2-16.60 mgg-1.

Conclusions: According to the biochemical data a total of 16 pearl millet genotypes were found to be grouped distantly among all the genotypes. Possibility existed to be drought tolerance of these genotypes.
Evaluation of Government’s Efforts to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Gas Flaring in Host Communities
Authors: Obi Nkemdilim I. , Bwititi Phillip T , Nwose Ezekiel U.
Published: September 2021

Background: This is a 5th in the series on gas flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria and previous reports have highlighted health impact and comparison of communities, amongst others. Government have mitigation programs whose satisfaction in the communities of Niger Delta is unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate government’s efforts at mitigation and adaptation whether there are age and/or gender differences

Methods: This was a quantitative survey cross-sectional study that used Likert scale questionnaire to generate views of the community on the behavioural change wheel (BCW) as well as mitigation and adaptation efforts of the government. Respondents were stratified into age groups and dichotomized in female or male and analysis involved multivariate analysis (MANOVA) to evaluate age and gender differences. Chi-Square tests were performed to assess associations between BCW components mitigation versus adaptation.

Results: A total of 435 respondents were included and the results show levels of inconsistent age and gender differences. Men tended to agree more on government’s BCW albeit not significance achieved, while women agreed more mitigation and adaptation (p < 0.02). On age, the silent generation (>70 years old) group agreed more on BCW, but contrarily disagreed on mitigation and adaptation while younger generation agreed on the latter (0.001). Chi-Square tests show significance for association.

Conclusion: This report highlights divergent views of the community on the discourse of government’s efforts at mitigation and adaptation of gas flaring in Niger Delta Nigeria, thereby providing empirical evidence of generational gap on environmental issue.
Clinical Outcome of Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction – A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Balasubramaniyan Jayanty Venkata , Lakshmi Ravanasamudram Hariharan , Singh Harsimran , Murthy J. S. Sathyanarayana , Chandrakumar Vaishnavi
Published: September 2021

Objective: Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR) following Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a fatal mechanical complication with high incidence of mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the clinical outcomes and to identify the factors related to early mortality in patients with VSR after AMI.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study and we collected clinical data of 21 adult patients with VSR following AMI from April 2012 and October 2020 who got admitted at our tertiary care centre. The patients were classified into two groups. The first group consisted of patients who died within two weeks from the diagnosis of VSR following AMI and the second group comprised of patients who survived more than two weeks after VSR.

Results: A total of 21 patients (mean age of 66.19±9.47 years) were enrolled in this study. The most common MI was Anterior MI (71.4%) and the location of VSR was predominantly in the anterior and apical septum (76.2%). The overall early mortality was 85.9% (n=18). 80.95% (n=17) of patients died within two weeks of diagnosis of AMI. Of the 4 patients who survived more than two weeks, three patients survived. The operative mortality in our study was 47%.

Conclusion: The prognosis for VSR in AMI remains poor. Renal failure is accompanied with high rate of early mortality in patients with VSR complicating AMI. History of smoking is associated with poor outcome.
Symbolizing algebraic story problems: Are diagrams helpful?
Authors: Bartel Anna N. , Alibali Martha W.
Published: September 2021

Many people find that solving story problems is challenging. A key source of the difficulty is symbolizing problem situations. In two experiments, we tested whether diagrams promoted successful symbolization of two‐operator story problems, and we tested whether diagrams that depicted the integration of operations were more beneficial than diagrams that depicted the two operations separately. Findings in the two experiments were similar but not identical. Overall, participants were more likely to generate conceptually correct equations—though not always in integrated form—in the presence of diagrams, and this pattern was driven by the beneficial effects of diagrams for participants with lower visuospatial abilities. Further, participants with more negative attitudes towards mathematics were more likely to generate integrated equations with diagrams that depicted the integration of operations. Thus, the effects of diagrams varied across subgroups of participants.