bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updip and Along‐Strike Aftershock Migration Model Driven by Afterslip: Application to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Aftershock Sequence
Authors: Perfettini H. , Frank W. B. , Marsan D. , Bouchon M.
Published: January 2019

We present an analytical model based on the idea that afterslip drives seismicity: aftershocks occur when a given level of afterslip is reached in their vicinity. Afterslip is assumed to be governed by a resisting stress that increases as the logarithm of the sliding velocity. This model extends the aftershock migration model of Perfettini et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076287), limited to along‐strike migration and the early postseismic phase, to any migration direction (in particular the along‐dip migration) and any time of the postseismic phase. This model is able to capture most of the features of aftershock migration such as the increase of the aftershock region as the logarithm of time and the observed aftershock migration velocities. When applied to the aftershock sequence of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, our model is able to describe the expansion of the aftershock region in both strike and dip directions together with the observed variations of migration velocities.
The Initial Condition Errors Occurring in the Indian Ocean Temperature That Cause “Spring Predictability Barrier” for El Niño in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhou Qian , Mu Mu , Duan Wansuo
Published: January 2019

The Community Earth System Model is used to explore the influences of the initial condition errors in sea temperatures in the Indian Ocean (related initial condition errors) on the uncertainties in the Pacific El Niño predictions. Two categories of Indian Ocean‐related initial condition errors are shown to frequently induce the “spring predictability barrier” for El Niño events. The category‐1 error consists of a positive Indian Ocean Dipole‐like sea temperature pattern over the Indian Ocean while the category‐2 initial condition error has a negative Indian Ocean Dipole‐like sea temperature structure and is nearly opposite to that of the category‐1. Both categories of errors underestimate the Pacific El Niño in terms of its amplitude, although they present different spatial structures and undergo different mechanisms. Specifically, the category‐1 error induces negative errors in El Niño predictions in terms of its amplitude by tropical oceanic channel Indonesian Throughflow while the category‐2 error exerts its impact on El Niño prediction and makes it underestimate through the atmospheric bridge. Both categories of initial condition errors emphasize the sensitivity of El Niño predictions to the initial uncertainties in sea temperatures in the Indian Ocean. They may therefore provide useful information on how initialization in the Indian Ocean can be utilized to improve El Niño predictions.
Relative Contributions of Bed Load and Suspended Load to Sediment Transport Under Skewed‐Asymmetric Waves on a Sandbar Crest
Authors: Mieras Ryan S. , Puleo Jack A. , Anderson Dylan , Hsu Tian‐Jian , Cox Daniel T. , Calantoni Joseph
Published: January 2019

A large‐scale laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate cross‐shore sediment transport and bed response on a sandbar under erosive and accretive field‐scale wave conditions (total of 11 cases). Unprecedented vertical resolution of sediment concentration was achieved through the use of conductivity concentration profilers alongside miniature fiber optic backscatter profilers. Observations were made of intrawave (phase‐averaged) and wave‐averaged cross‐shore sediment flux profiles and transport rates in the lower half of the water column on the crest of a sandbar. The net sediment transport rate was partitioned into suspended sediment (SS) and bed load (BL) components to quantify the relative contributions of SS and BL to the total sediment transport rate. Net SS transport rates were greater than net BL transport rates for the positive (wave crest) half‐cycle in 6 of 11 cases, compared to 100% (11 of 11) for the negative (wave trough) half‐cycle. Net (wave‐averaged) BL transport rates were greater, in magnitude, than net SS transport rates for 7 of the 11 cases. The dominant mode of transport was determined from the ratio of net BL to net SS transport rate magnitudes. The net transport rate was negative (offshore‐directed) when SS dominated and positive (onshore‐directed) when BL dominated. Net BL transport rate correlated well with third moments of free‐stream velocity (r2 = 0.72), suggesting that energetics‐type quasi‐steady formulae may be suitable for predicting BL transport under the range of test conditions.
Seasonal and Spatial Variations of the M2 Internal Tide in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Liu Kun , Sun Junchuan , Guo Chuncheng , Yang Yang , Yu Weidong , Wei Zexun
Published: January 2019

The seasonality of internal tides is particularly conspicuous in shelf seas due to the dramatical variations in the marine environment. In this paper, the seasonal and spatial variabilities of M2 internal tides in the Yellow Sea (YS) are investigated using a high‐resolution numerical ocean model. The freshwater runoff of the Yangtze River is also considered. Because most nonlinear internal waves are of tidal origin, the simulated internal tides show good spatial consistency with the satellite‐detected nonlinear internal waves. During summer, the M2 internal tides are ubiquitous and originate from multiple generation sites (e.g., the west coast of the Korean Peninsula and the Yangtze River estuary). During other seasons, the spatial coverage of the internal tides becomes very limited. Multiple sources combined with seasonal onset and decay lead to complex seasonal interference patterns. The wavelengths vary both spatially and temporally, depending on the water depth and ocean stratification. Between spring and autumn, a seasonally reversed pattern of radiation of baroclinic energy flux is found in the southern YS, which may be induced by the seasonal variability of the YS Warm Current. Seasonal stratification controls the seasonality of the generation, propagation, and dissipation of internal tides and is maintained by the monsoon, seasonal circulation, and Yangtze River runoff. Our simulations suggest that, although internal tide dissipation is dispensable for the tidal energy budgets in the YS, internal tides seem to be the leading order contributor to the midcolumn diapycnal mixing, as they are more efficient mixers than barotropic tides.
The Unpredictability of Floods, Erosion, and Channel Migration
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: January 2019

A new algorithm incorporates randomness into stream channel formation and suggests the approach represents regions with variable flood magnitudes better than standard models.
Plasmon-induced dual-wavelength operation in a Yb3+ laser
Authors: Sánchez-García Laura , Ramírez Mariola O. , Solé Rosa Maria , Carvajal Joan J. , Díaz Francesc , Bausá Luisa E.
Published: January 2019

Expanding the functionalities of plasmon-assisted lasers is essential for emergent applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Here, we report on a novel ability of plasmonic structures to induce dual-wavelength lasing in the near-infrared region in a Yb3+ solid-state laser. By means of the effects of disordered plasmonic networks deposited on the surface of a Yb3+-doped nonlinear RTP crystal, room-temperature dual-wavelength lasing, with a frequency difference between the lines in the THz range, is realized. The dual-wavelength laser is produced by the simultaneous activation of two lasing channels, namely, an electronic- and a phonon-terminated laser transition. The latter is enabled by the out-of-plane field components that are generated by the plasmonic structures, which excite specific Raman modes. Additionally, multiline radiation at three different wavelengths is demonstrated in the visible spectral region via two self-frequency conversion processes, which occur in the vicinities of the plasmonic structures. The results demonstrate the potential of plasmonic nanostructures for inducing drastic modifications in the operational mode of a solid-state laser and hold promise for applications in a variety of fields, including multiplexing, precise spectroscopies, and THz radiation generation via a simple and cost-effective procedure.
Cell death pathways in pathogenic trypanosomatids: lessons of (over)kill
Authors: Menna-Barreto Rubem Figueiredo Sadok
Published: January 2019

Especially in tropical and developing countries, the clinically relevant protozoaTrypanosoma cruzi(Chagas disease),Trypanosoma brucei(sleeping sickness) andLeishmaniaspecies (leishmaniasis) stand out and infect millions of people worldwide leading to critical social-economic implications. Low-income populations are mainly affected by these three illnesses that are neglected by the pharmaceutical industry. Current anti-trypanosomatid drugs present variable efficacy with remarkable side effects that almost lead to treatment discontinuation, justifying a continuous search for alternative compounds that interfere with essential and specific parasite pathways. In this scenario, the triggering of trypanosomatid cell death machinery emerges as a promising approach, although the exact mechanisms involved in unicellular eukaryotes are still unclear as well as the controversial biological importance of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, the mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis-like cell death and necrosis found in pathogenic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as their roles in successful infection. Based on the published genomic and proteomic maps, the panel of trypanosomatid cell death molecules was constructed under different experimental conditions. The lack of PCD molecular regulators and executioners in these parasites up to now has led to cell death being classified as an unregulated process or incidental necrosis, despite all morphological evidence published. In this context, the participation of metacaspases in PCD was also not described, and these proteases play a crucial role in proliferation and differentiation processes. On the other hand, autophagic phenotype has been described in trypanosomatids under a great variety of stress conditions (drugs, starvation, among others) suggesting that this process is involved in the turnover of damaged structures in the protozoa and is not a cell death pathway. Death mechanisms of pathogenic trypanosomatids may be involved in pathogenesis, and the identification of parasite-specific regulators could represent a rational and attractive alternative target for drug development for these neglected diseases.
Glucose Activates Vagal Control of Hyperglycemia and Inflammation in Fasted Mice
Authors: Joseph Biju , Shimojo Guilherme , Li Zhifeng , Thompson-Bonilla Maria del Rocio , Shah Roshan , Kanashiro Alexandre , Salgado Helio C. , Ulloa Luis
Published: January 2019

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in hospitalized patients. Many experimental treatments may have failed in clinical trials for sepsis, in part, because they focused on immune responses of healthy animals that did not mimic the metabolic settings of septic patients. Epidemiological studies show an association between metabolic and immune alterations and over 1/3 of septic patients are diabetic, but the mechanism linking these systems is unknown. Here, we report that metabolic fasting increased systemic inflammation and worsened survival in experimental sepsis. Feeding and administration of glucose in fasted mice activated the vagal tone without affecting blood pressure. Vagal stimulation attenuated hyperglycemia and serum TNF levels in sham but only hyperglycemia in splenectomized mice. Vagal stimulation induced the production of dopamine from the adrenal glands. Experimental diabetes increased hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation in experimental sepsis. Fenoldopam, a specific dopaminergic type-1 agonist, attenuated hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation in diabetic endotoxemic mice. These results indicate that glucose activates vagal control of hyperglycemia and inflammation in fasted septic mice via dopamine.
RNA-seq of HaHV-1-infected abalones reveals a common transcriptional signature of Malacoherpesviruses
Authors: Bai Chang-Ming , Rosani Umberto , Li Ya-Nan , Zhang Shu-Min , Xin Lu-Sheng , Wang Chong-Ming
Published: January 2019

Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1) is the viral agent causative of abalone viral ganglioneuritis, a disease that has severely affected gastropod aquaculture. Although limited, the sequence similarity between HaHV-1 and Ostreid herpesvirus-1 supported the assignment of both viruses to Malacoherpesviridae, a Herpesvirales family distantly related with other viruses. In this study, we reported the first transcriptional data of HaHV-1, obtained from an experimental infection of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We also sequenced the genome draft of the Chinese HaHV-1 variant isolated in 2003 (HaHV-1-CN2003) by PacBio technology. Analysis of 13 million reads obtained from 3 RNA samples at 60 hours post injection (hpi) allowed the prediction of 51 new ORFs for a total of 117 viral genes and the identification of 207 variations from the reference genome, consisting in 135 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 72 Insertions or Deletions (InDels). The pairing of genomic and transcriptomic data supported the identification of 60 additional SNPs, representing viral transcriptional variability and preferentially grouped in hotspots. The expression analysis of HaHV-1 ORFs revealed one putative secreted protein, two putative capsid proteins and a possible viral capsid protease as the most expressed genes and demonstrated highly synchronized viral expression patterns of the 3 infected animals at 60 hpi. Quantitative reverse transcription data of 37 viral genes supported the burst of viral transcription at 30 and 60 hpi during the 72 hours of the infection experiment, and allowed the distinction between early and late viral genes.
Regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis by zoledronic acid loaded on biodegradable magnesium-strontium alloy
Authors: Li Mei , Wan Peng , Wang Weidan , Yang Ke , Zhang Yu , Han Yong
Published: January 2019

Inhibiting osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors to reduce bone resorption is an important strategy to treat osteoclast-related diseases, such as peri-prosthetic osteolysis. In this study, our objective was to study the role of zoledronic acid (ZA), as a highly potent and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis properties of magnesium (Mg)-based implants. ZA was chemically associated with calcium phosphate (CaP) deposited on magnesium-strontium (Mg-Sr) alloy, which was confirmed by the morphological observation, phase composition and drug releasing via SEM, XRD spectrum and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The in vitro performances indicated that ZA-CaP bilayer coating Mg-Sr alloy could enhance the proliferation and the osteogenic differentiation as well as the mineralization of pre-osteoblasts, however, induce the apoptosis and inhibit the osteoclast differentiation. We further investigated the possible molecular mechanisms by using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blotting, and the results showed that ZA-CaP bilayer coating Mg-Sr alloy could regulate the osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis through the Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) and NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, ZA-CaP bilayer coating Mg-Sr alloy could regulate the cross talk of osteoblast-osteoclast and increase the ratio of OPG: RANKL in the co-culture system through OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway, which promoting the balance of bone remodeling process. Therefore, these promising results suggest the potential clinical applications of ZA pretreated Mg-Sr alloys for bone defect repairs and periprosthetical osteolysis due to the excessive differentitation and maturation of osteoclasts.
The nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (nBMP2) is expressed in macrophages and alters calcium response
Authors: Tellez Freitas Claudia M. , Burrell Haley R. , Valdoz Jonard C. , Hamblin Garrett J. , Raymond Carlee M. , Cox Tyler D. , Johnson Deborah K. , Andersen Joshua L. , Weber K. Scott , Bridgewater Laura C.
Published: January 2019

We previously identified a nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), named nBMP2, that is translated from an alternative start codon. Decreased nuclear localization of nBMP2 in the nBmp2NLStmmouse model leads to muscular, neurological, and immune phenotypes—all of which are consistent with aberrant intracellular calcium (Ca2+) response. Ca2+response in these mice, however, has yet to be measured directly. Because a prior study suggested impairment of macrophage function in nBmp2NLStmmutant mice, bone marrow derived (BMD) macrophages and splenic macrophages were isolated from wild type and nBmp2NLStmmutant mice. Immunocytochemistry revealed that nuclei of both BMD and splenic macrophages from wild type mice contain nBMP2, while the protein is decreased in nuclei of nBmp2NLStmmutant macrophages. Live-cell Ca2+imaging and engulfment assays revealed that Ca2+response and phagocytosis in response to bacterial supernatant are similar in BMD macrophages isolated from naïve (uninfected) nBmp2NLStmmutant mice and wild type mice, but are deficient in splenic macrophages isolated from mutant mice after secondary systemic infection withStaphylococcus aureus, suggesting progressive impairment as macrophages respond to infection. This direct evidence of impaired Ca2+handling in nBMP2 mutant macrophages supports the hypothesis that nBMP2 plays a role in Ca2+response.
Clonal dynamics monitoring during clinical evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: González-Rincón Julia , Gómez Sagrario , Martinez Nerea , Troulé Kevin , Perales-Patón Javier , Derdak Sophia , Beltrán Sergi , Fernández-Cuevas Belén , Pérez-Sanz Nuria , Nova-Gurumeta Sara , Gut Ivo , Al-Shahrour Fátima , Piris Miguel A. , García-Marco José A. , Sánchez-Beato Margarita
Published: January 2019

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is the most prevalent leukaemia in Western countries. It is an incurable disease characterized by a highly variable clinical course. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is an ideal model for studying clonal heterogeneity and dynamics during cancer progression, response to therapy and/or relapse because the disease usually develops over several years. Here we report an analysis by deep sequencing of sequential samples taken at different times from the affected organs of two patients with 12- and 7-year disease courses, respectively. One of the patients followed a linear pattern of clonal evolution, acquiring and selecting new mutations in response to salvage therapy and/or allogeneic transplantation, while the other suffered loss of cellular tumoral clones during progression and histological transformation.
Imaginal disc growth factor 4 regulates development and temperature adaptation in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Gu Xinyue , Li Zhihong , Su Yun , Zhao Yan , Liu Lijun
Published: January 2019

The oriental fruit flyBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important invasive pest with high reproductive capacity and invasiveness; it has shown remarkable range expansion and brings higher risk to the environment and agriculture. The insect cuticle serves as skin and skeleton, protecting insects against numerous harmful stresses. One gene named imaginal disc growth factor 4 (idgf4) which is involved in cuticle formation, plays an important role in organizing proteins in the chitin-matrix, as well as in adult molting. This gene in the poorly-described glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH 18) family was chosen to study the function of chitinases in insect defense barrier against heat and molting using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and RNA interference (RNAi). qRT- PCR showed thatidgf4was expressed in all nine developmental stages and was mainly expressed in the early and late pupal, as well as adult stages. Knocking down theidgf4gene via RNAi in 3rdinstar larvae led to the decreased survival of larvae under high temperatures and malformed individuals as adults. The results indicated the function of theidgf4gene in the fruit fly’s defense barrier and development. It can provide new insights into understanding the function of one member in the GH 18 family, and may reveal a new potential gene for pest control.
The evolutionary consequences for seawater performance and its hormonal control when anadromous Atlantic salmon become landlocked
Authors: McCormick Stephen D. , Regish Amy M. , Ardren William R. , Björnsson Björn Thrandur , Bernier Nicholas J.
Published: January 2019

Populations of anadromous fish have become landlocked in relatively recent geological history (<14,000 years), but the evolutionary impacts of this altered lifecycle on traits underlying seawater performance have not been established. In order to examine the effects of relaxed selection on seawater traits, anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon were reared under identical conditions and examined for differences in seawater performance and its underlying physiological and endocrine control during the time of spring downstream migration. Salinity tolerance, survival and initial growth in seawater were greater in anadromous than in landlocked salmon. Abundance of the seawater isoform of gill Na+/K+-ATPase increased in spring in both strains but was greater in anadromous salmon. Hormones associated with seawater acclimation (adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and growth hormone) increased in spring in both strains but were higher in anadromous salmon, whereas plasma thyroid hormones did not differ. Hypothalamic urotensin I mRNA levels also increased in spring and were higher in the anadromous strain. The results provide evidence that salinity tolerance and associated physiological traits are regulated by seasonal stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis, and that relaxed selection on seawater entry traits has decreased this stimulation in landlocked salmon.
TROPOMI enables high resolution SO2 flux observations from Mt. Etna, Italy, and beyond
Authors: Queißer Manuel , Burton Mike , Theys Nicolas , Pardini Federica , Salerno Giuseppe , Caltabiano Tommaso , Varnam Matthew , Esse Benjamin , Kazahaya Ryunosuke
Published: January 2019

The newly launched imaging spectrometer TROPOMI onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite provides atmospheric column measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other gases with a pixel resolution of 3.5 × 7 km2. This permits mapping emission plumes from a vast number of natural and anthropogenic emitters with unprecedented sensitivity, revealing sources which were previously undetectable from space. Novel analysis using back-trajectory modelling of satellite-based SO2 columns allows calculation of SO2 flux time series, which would be of great utility and scientific interest if applied globally. Volcanic SO2 emission time series reflect magma dynamics and are used for risk assessment and calculation of the global volcanic CO2 gas flux. TROPOMI data make this flux time series reconstruction approach possible with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, but these new data must be tested and validated against ground-based observations. Mt. Etna (Italy) emits SO2 with fluxes ranging typically between 500 and 5000 t/day, measured automatically by the largest network of scanning UV spectrometers in the world, providing the ideal test-bed for this validation. A comparison of three SO2 flux datasets, TROPOMI (one month), ground-network (one month), and ground-traverse (two days) shows acceptable to excellent agreement for most days. The result demonstrates that reliable, nearly real-time, high temporal resolution SO2 flux time series from TROPOMI measurements are possible for Etna and, by extension, other volcanic and anthropogenic sources globally. This suggests that global automated real-time measurements of large numbers of degassing volcanoes world-wide are now possible, revolutionizing the quantity and quality of magmatic degassing data available and insights into volcanic processes to the volcanological community.
High temperatures affect the hypersensitive reaction, disease resistance and gene expression induced by a novel harpin HpaG-Xcm
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyun , Liu Yue , Huang Jiamin , Liu Qinghuan , Sun Jianzhang , Cai Xinfeng , Tang Peng , Liu Wenbo , Miao Weiguo
Published: January 2019

Harpin proteins are produced by plant-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and regulate bacterial pathogenicity by inducing plant growth and defence responses in non-hosts. HpaG-Xcm, a novel harpin protein, was identified from Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, which causes bacterial black spot of mango. Here, we describe the predicted structure and functions of HpaG-Xcm and investigate the mechanism of heat resistance. The HpaG-Xcm amino acid sequence contains seven motifs and two α-helices, in the N- and C-terminals, respectively. The N-terminal α-helical region contains two heptads, which form the coiled-coil (CC) structure. The CC region, which is on the surface of HpaG-Xcm, forms oligomeric aggregates by forming hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic amino acids. Like other harpins, HpaG-Xcm was heat stable, promoted root growth and induced a hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance in non-host plants. Subjecting HpaG-Xcm to high temperatures altered the gene expression induced by HpaG-Xcm in tobacco leaves, probably due to changes in the spatial structure of HpaG-Xcm. Phenotypic tests revealed that the high-temperature treatments reduced the HR and disease resistance induced by HpaG-Xcm but had little effect on growth promotion. These findings indicate that the stability of interactions between CC and plants may be associated with thermal stability of HpaG-Xcm.
High metabolic variation for seaweeds in response to environmental changes: a case study of the brown algae Lobophora in coral reefs
Authors: Gaubert Julie , Payri Claude E. , Vieira Christophe , Solanki Hiren , Thomas Olivier P.
Published: January 2019

In the marine environment, macroalgae face changing environmental conditions and some species are known for their high capacity to adapt to the new factors of their ecological niche. Some macroalgal metabolites play diverse ecological functions and belong to the adaptive traits of such species. Because algal metabolites are involved in many processes that shape marine biodiversity, understanding their sources of variation and regulation is therefore of utmost relevance. This work aims at exploring the possible sources of metabolic variations with time and space of four common algal species from the genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) in the New Caledonian lagoon using a UHPLC-HRMS metabolomic fingerprinting approach. While inter-specific differences dominated, a high variability of the metabolome was noticed for each species when changing their natural habitats and types of substrates. Fatty acids derivatives and polyolefins were identified as chemomarkers of these changing conditions. The four seaweeds metabolome also displayed monthly variations over the 13-months survey and a significant correlation was made with sea surface temperature and salinity. This study highlights a relative plasticity for the metabolome of Lobophora species.
Fluorescence Polarization of Methylene Blue as a Quantitative Marker of Breast Cancer at the Cellular Level
Authors: Yaroslavsky Anna N. , Feng Xin , Muzikansky Alona , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: January 2019

A quantitative technique to detect cancer in single cells could transform cancer diagnosis. Current cancer diagnosis utilizes histopathology, which requires tissue acquisition, extensive processing and, in most cases, relies on the qualitative morphological analysis of tissues and cells. Molecular biomarkers are only available for a few specific tumor subtypes. We discovered that the fluorescence polarization (Fpol) of Methylene Blue (MB) is significantly higher in cancer than in normal human breast tissues and cells. We confirmed that fluorescence polarization imaging did not affect the viability of the cells and yielded highly significant differences between cancer and normal cells using MB concentrations as low as 0.05 and 0.01 mg/ml. To explain this phenomenon we examined intracellular localization of MB and its fluorescence lifetime. We determined that higher fluorescence polarization of MB occurs due to its increased accumulation in mitochondria of cancer cells, as well as shorter fluorescence lifetime in cancer relative to normal cells. As quantitative MB Fpol imaging can be performed in vivo and in real time, it holds the potential to provide an accurate quantitative marker of cancer at the cellular level.
Versatile fluorophores for bioimaging applications: π-expanded naphthalimide derivatives with skeletal and appendage diversity
Authors: Havlík Martin , Talianová Veronika , Kaplánek Robert , Bříza Tomáš , Dolenský Bohumil , Králová Jarmila , Martásek Pavel , Král Vladimír
Published: January 2019

Four novel fluorescent cores bearing a transformable functional group based on a π-expanded naphthalimide including a fused pyranone or furan ring have been prepared.
Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of 2-ethylpyrrole: adding insight to experiment with ab initio multiple cloning
Authors: Green James A. , Makhov Dmitry V. , Cole-Filipiak Neil C. , Symonds Christopher , Stavros Vasilios G. , Shalashilin Dmitrii V.
Published: January 2019

Fully quantum nonadiabatic dynamics calculation of 2-ethylpyrrole photodissociation shows the experimentally obtained ultrafast time-constant has two components.
Molecular insight into chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 resisting proteolytic degradation
Authors: Wei Wanqing , Chen Yani , Xie Daiqian , Zhou Yanzi
Published: January 2019

Water enters the active site at the EA2 state, so the free energy at EA2 determines the relative hydrolysis rate.
Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2O using a typical non-noble metal carbon-based catalyst under ambient conditions
Authors: Cong Linchuan , Yu Zhuochen , Liu Fangbing , Huang Weimin
Published: January 2019

Ammonia is an important precursor of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, and it is also a potential energy storage medium and alternative fuel for vehicles.
Development of new hydantoin-based biocidal polymers with improved rechargeability and anti-microbial activity
Authors: Rai Rajani Kant , Jayakrishnan A.
Published: January 2019

Novel hydantoin based co-polymers containing both amide and imide positions for halogen capture with improved rechargeability and antibacterial activity were developed.
From the propargyl alcohol–water complex to the propargyl alcohol dimer: where does the propargyl alcohol–methanol complex fit in?
Authors: Saini Jyoti , Viswanathan K. S.
Published: January 2019

A correlation was recognized between the structures of PA–H2O, PA–MeOH and PA dimer complexes that could help predict the structures of larger systems in a systematic way.
A comparative study demonstrates strong size tunability of carrier–phonon coupling in CdSe-based 2D and 0D nanocrystals
Authors: Scott Riccardo , Prudnikau Anatol V. , Antanovich Artsiom , Christodoulou Sotirios , Riedl Thomas , Bertrand Guillaume H. V. , Owschimikow Nina , Lindner Jörg K. N. , Hens Zeger , Moreels Iwan , Artemyev Mikhail , Woggon Ulrike , Achtstein Alexander W.
Published: January 2019

Tuning Exciton–Phonon Interaction in CdSe Nanoplatelets.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of resolvin D1
Authors: Morita Masao , Wu Shangze , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: January 2019

Four pieces were assembled by the reactions indicated, and the dehydro precursor was semi-hydrogenated to give resolvin D1 (RvD1).
Coumarines as masked phenols for amide functional benzoxazines
Authors: Kaya Gizem , Kiskan Baris , Yagci Yusuf
Published: January 2019

Benzoxazines with amide linkages were successfully prepared from 3,4-dihydrocoumarine using either one-pot or stepwise pathways.
An ESIPT-based fluorescent switch with AIEE, solvatochromism, mechanochromism and photochromism
Authors: Liu Xuedan , Li Aisen , Xu Weiqing , Ma Zhiyong , Jia Xinru
Published: January 2019

In this study, we report a newly synthesized molecule 1via linking a benzothiazole to rhodamine, which could exhibit AIEE, unique acidichromism and solvatochromism in solution, fascinating photochromism in a polymer matrix, intriguing mechanochromism in solid state and remarkable piezochromism in the crystal.
1,2-Amino alcohol-dependent Petasis allylboration for racemic and chiral homoallylamines
Authors: Lin Zi-Wei , Zhou Yang , Zhao Zhen-Ni , Zhao Yan , Liu Jun , Huang Yi-Yong
Published: January 2019

Asymmetric Petasis allylboration among an aldehyde, 1,2-amino alcohol and pinacolallylboronate has been established at room temperature without any catalysts.
The preparation of hydroxyapatite from unrefined calcite residues and its application for lead removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bernalte Elena , Kamieniak Joanna , Randviir Edward P. , Bernalte-García Álvaro , Banks Craig E.
Published: January 2019

HAP is synthesized directly from waste calcite and is demonstrated to sequester lead at a quicker rate than comparable materials.
Pharmacokinetic profile and metabolite identification of bornyl caffeate and caffeic acid in rats by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Shi Baimei , Yang Lingjian , Gao Tian , Ma Cuicui , Li Qiannan , Nan Yefei , Wang Shixiang , Xiao Chaoni , Jia Pu , Zheng Xiaohui
Published: January 2019

We revealed the metabolic profile of bornyl caffeate by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and then simultaneously examined the pharmacokinetics of bornyl caffeate and CA after administration of a single dose of bornyl caffeate by HPLC ion trap MS.
Preventive effect of oligonol on nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells against sodium nitroprusside
Authors: Lee Ah Young , Choi Ji Won , Yokozawa Takako , Cho Eun Ju
Published: January 2019

Oligonol attenuated SNP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responsesviaregulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
Novel onion-like graphene aerogel beads for efficient solar vapor generation under non-concentrated illumination
Authors: Feng Xiaming , Zhao Jinliang , Sun Dawei , Shanmugam Logesh , Kim Jang-Kyo , Yang Jinglei
Published: January 2019

Onion-like shaped graphene aerogel beads have been prepared via a scalable approach for efficient and easy-to-apply water purification and desalination.
Mg2+storage and mobility in anatase TiO2: the role of frustrated coordination
Authors: McColl Kit , Corà Furio
Published: January 2019

Low migration barriers of ∼540 meV allow good Mg mobility under dilute conditions, but cooperative lattice distortions limit mobility at high Mg concentrations.
Recent advances in oxidation and degradation mechanisms of ultrathin 2D materials under ambient conditions and their passivation strategies
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhou Qionghua , Shi Li , Chen Qian , Wang Jinlan
Published: January 2019

Oxidation and degradation mechanisms of ultrathin 2D materials at the atomic level are discussed; passivation mechanisms and strategies are summarized.
Superior electromagnetic interference shielding 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity
Authors: Liang Chaobo , Qiu Hua , Han Yangyang , Gu Hongbo , Song Ping , Wang Lei , Kong Jie , Cao Dapeng , Gu Junwei
Published: January 2019

A 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposite exhibits superior electromagnetic interference shielding and excellent thermal conductivity.
Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer in a novel Sr8ZnY(PO4)7:Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor with high thermal stability and its great potential for application in warm white light emitting diodes
Authors: Xia Mao , Wu Xianbo , Zhong Yuan , Hintzen H. T. (Bert) , Zhou Zhi , Wang Jing
Published: January 2019

Energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ was observed and verified in a warm white light emission phosphor SZYP:Tb3+,Eu3+ with high thermal stability.
Ultrasensitive amplification-free detection of protein kinase based on catalyzed assembly and enumeration of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Tian Tongtong , Yao Yuanyuan , Yang Beibei , Zhang Kun , Liu Baohong
Published: January 2019

A novel single-particle enumeration method for label-free, amplification-free and ultrasensitive probing of protein kinase A activity based on catalyzed assembly.
Dual-functional fluorescent molecular rotor for endoplasmic reticulum microviscosity imaging during reticulophagy
Authors: He Ying , Shin Jinwoo , Gong Wanjun , Das Pintu , Qu Jinghan , Yang Zhigang , Liu Wufan , Kang Chulhun , Qu Junle , Kim Jong Seung
Published: January 2019

A dual functional fluorescent molecular rotor was developed to trigger intracellular ER autophagy and quantify the local viscosity variations by FLIM imaging.
Exploring unsymmetrical diboranes(4) as boryl ligand precursors: platinum(ii) bis-boryl complexes
Authors: Drescher (née Oschmann) Wiebke , Borner Corinna , Tindall Daniel J. , Kleeberg Christian
Published: January 2019

Five unsymmetrical platinum(ii) bis-boryl complexes are reported, the spectroscopic and structural data allow the first comparative study on these complexes.
Defect ferromagnetism in SnO2:Zn2+ hierarchical nanostructures: correlation between structural, electronic and magnetic properties
Authors: Akbar S. , Hasanain S. K. , Ivashenko O. , Dutka M. V. , Akhtar N. , De Hosson J. Th. M. , Ali N. Z. , Rudolf P.
Published: January 2019

We report on the ferromagnetism of Sn1−xZnxO2 (x ≤ 0.1) hierarchical nanostructures with various morphologies synthesized by a solvothermal route.
Zinc binding regulates amyloid-like aggregation of GAPR-1
Authors: Sheng Jie , Olrichs Nick K. , Geerts Willie J. , Li Xueyi , Rehman Ashfaq Ur , Gadella Barend M. , Kaloyanova Dora V. , Helms J. Bernd
Published: January 2019

Members of the CAP superfamily (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 proteins) are characterized by the presence of a CAP domain that is defined by four sequence motifs and a highly conserved tertiary structure. A common structure–function relationship for this domain is hitherto unknown. A characteristic of several CAP proteins is their formation of amyloid-like structures in the presence of lipids. Here we investigate the structural modulation of Golgi-Associated plant Pathogenesis Related protein 1 (GAPR-1) by known interactors of the CAP domain, preceding amyloid-like aggregation. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we demonstrate that GAPR-1 binds zinc ions. Zn2+ binding causes a slight but significant conformational change as revealed by CD, tryptophan fluorescence, and trypsin digestion. The Zn2+-induced conformational change was required for the formation of GAPR-1 oligomers and amyloid-like assemblies in the presence of heparin, as shown by ThT fluorescence and TEM. Molecular dynamics simulations show binding of Zn2+ to His54 and His103. Mutation of these two highly conserved residues resulted in strongly diminished amyloid-like aggregation. Finally, we show that proteins from the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) subfamily are also able to form ThT-positive structures in vitro in a heparin- and Zn2+-dependent manner, suggesting that oligomerization regulated by metal ions could be a common structural property of the CAP domain.
Influence of micro‐textures on antibacterial behaviour of titanium‐based implant surfaces: In vitro studies
Authors: Vadakkumpurath Shiju , Venugopal Abhijith Njarakkadu , Ullattil Sudeep
Published: January 2019

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as implant materials owing to several favourable properties. Bacterial infections are one of the most prominent reasons for implant failure. Antibacterial drugs are a possible solution to bacterial infection but they kill the normal cells, and in many cases, some traces of the bacteria remain. The bacteria form a biofilm that can act as a conductive medium for regrowth of the bacteria. Customised implant surfaces that inhibit the formation of biofilms and retard the bacterial adherence have a significant potential in the design of futuristic implants. In this study, the antibacterial behaviour of textured titanium Grade‐2 and Grade‐5 surfaces is analysed and compared with a polished surface. The surface topography and its influence on the water wettability were investigated. A culture of Staphylococcus aureus was seeded on the prepared specimen and the bacterial adherence was compared. The results show that the bacterial adhesion and growth are reduced in textured specimens in comparison with a polished specimen. The fewer adherences of bacteria on the textured specimens are attributed to its surface topography and the presence of micro‐dimples, which in turn influence the hydrophilicity of the surfaces.
Review of accumulative failure of winding insulation subjected to repetitive impulse voltages
Authors: Sun Potao , Sima Wenxia , Jiang Xiongwei , Zhang Dingfei , He Jiahui , Ye Lian
Published: January 2019

The premature failure phenomenon that occurs in solid insulation under the application of repetitive impulse voltages is known as the accumulative effect of impulse voltages on a solid dielectric. The accumulative failure of winding insulation is considered to be a core problem resulting from this phenomenon. The main problems include the accumulative failure of motor winding insulation under pulse‐width modulation impulses and the accumulative failure of transformer winding insulation under the application of overvoltages, and these problems represent new challenges in the safe and stable operation of power grids. With regards to the above problems, this study reviews the results of recent research on the accumulative failure characteristics and mechanisms of winding insulation when subjected to repetitive impulse voltages. The challenges faced are discussed at the end of this study.
Low‐rank path‐following algorithm for 3D similarity registration
Authors: Lian Wei , Zuo Junyi , Ding Zeyu
Published: January 2019

To address the 3D point matching problem where the pose difference between two point sets is unknown, the authors propose a path following (PF)–based algorithm. This method works by reducing the objective function of robust point matching (RPM) algorithm to a function of point correspondence variable and then using PF for optimisation. By using the 3D similarity transformation which has few parameters, authors’ method needs no regularisation on transformation and, therefore, can handle the case when the pose difference between two point sets is unknown. The authors also propose a novel convex term for use in the PF algorithm which is based on the low‐rank nature of authors’ objective function and leads to a PF algorithm which converges quickly. Experimental results demonstrated better robustness of the proposed method over state‐of‐the‐art methods and authors’ method is also efficient.
Signs of outflow feedback from a nearby young stellar object on the protostellar envelope around HL Tauri
Authors: Yen Hsi-Wei , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Gu Pin-Gao , Hirano Naomi , Lee Chin-Fei , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Wu Chun-Ju
Published: January 2019

Aims. HL Tau is a Class I–II protostar embedded in an infalling and rotating envelope and possibly associated with a planet forming disk, and it is co-located in a 0.1 pc molecular cloud with two nearby young stellar objects with projected distance of ~20′′–30′′ (2800–4200 au) to HL Tau. Our observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) revealed two arc-like structures on a 1000 au scale connected to the disk, and their kinematics could not be explained with any conventional model of infalling and rotational motions. In this work, we investigate the nature of these arc-like structures connected to the HL Tau disk.

Methods. We carried out new observations in the 13CO and C18O (3–2; 2–1) lines with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and the IRAM 30m telescope, and obtained the data with the 7-m array of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA). With the single-dish, ACA, and ALMA data, we analyzed the gas motions on both 0.1 pc and 1000 au scales in the HL Tau region. We constructed new kinematical models of an infalling and rotating envelope with the consideration of relative motion between HL Tau and the envelope.

Results. By including the relative motion between HL Tau and its protostellar envelope, our kinematical model can explain the observed velocity features in the arc-like structures. The morphologies of the arc-like structures can also be explained with an asymmetric initial density distribution in our model envelope. In addition, our single-dish results support the scenario that HL Tau is located at the edge of a largescale (0.1 pc) expanding shell driven by the wind or outflow from XZ Tau, as suggested in the literature. The estimated expanding velocity of the shell is comparable to the relative velocity between HL Tau and its envelope in our kinematical model. These results hint that the largescale expanding motion likely impacts the protostellar envelope around HL Tau and affects its gas kinematics. We found that the mass infalling rate from the envelope onto the HL Tau disk can be decreased by a factor of two due to this impact by the largescale expanding shell.
Measuring the local matter density usingGaiaDR2
Authors: Widmark A.
Published: January 2019

Aims.We determine the total dynamical matter density in the solar neighbourhood using the secondGaiadata release (DR2).

Methods.The dynamical matter density distribution is inferred in a framework of a Bayesian hierarchical model, which accounts for position and velocity of all individual stars, as well as the full error covariance matrix of astrometric observables, in a joint fit of the vertical velocity distribution and stellar number density distribution. This was done for eight separate data samples, with different cuts in observed absolute magnitude, each containing about 25 000 stars. The model for the total matter density does not rely on any underlying baryonic model, although we assumed that it is symmetrical, smooth, and monotonically decreasing with distance from the mid-plane.

Results.We infer a density distribution which is strongly peaked in the region close to the Galactic plane (≲60 pc), for all eight stellar samples. Assuming a baryonic model and a dark matter halo of constant density, this corresponds to a surplus surface density of approximately 5–9M⊙pc−2. For the Sun’s position and vertical velocity with respect to the Galactic plane, we inferZ⊙ = 4.76 ± 2.27 pc andW⊙ = 7.24 ± 0.19 km s−1.

Conclusions.These results suggest a surplus of matter close to the Galactic plane, possibly explained by an underestimated density of cold gas. We discuss possible systematic effects that could bias our result, for example unmodelled non-equilibrium effects, and how to account for such effects in future extensions of this work.
TESS exoplanet candidates validated with HARPS archival data
Authors: Trifonov Trifon , Rybizki Jan , Kürster Martin
Published: January 2019

Aims. We aim at the discovery of new planetary systems by exploiting the transit light-curve results from observations made in TESS orbital observatory Sectors 1 and 2 and validating them with precise Doppler measurements obtained from archival HARPS data.

Methods. Taking advantage of the reported TESS transit events around GJ 143 (TOI 186) and HD 23472 (TOI 174), we modeled their HARPS precise Doppler measurements and derived orbital parameters for these two systems.

Results. For the GJ 143 system, TESS has reported only a single transit, and thus its period is unconstrained from photometry. Our radial velocity analysis of GJ 143 reveals the full Keplerian solution of the system, which is consistent with an eccentric planet with a mass almost twice that of Neptune and a period of Pb = 35.59−0.1+0.1 days. Our estimates of the GJ 143 b planet are fully consistent with the transit timing from TESS. We confirm the two-planet system around HD 23472, which according to our analysis is composed of two Neptune-mass planets in a possible 5:3 mean motion resonance.