bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dataset of benthic copepods in the littoral zones of Lake Maggiore
Authors: Tabilio Di Camillo Agostina , Boggero Angela , Galassi Diana Maria Paola , Kamburska Lyudmila , Fiasca Barbara , Di Lorenzo Tiziana
Published: June 2023

Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) are widespread in aquatic ecosystems worldwide and represent an important component of the meiobenthic metazoan assemblages of lake littorals. Yet, little is currently known about the diversity of benthic copepods in lentic habitats. We gathered information on the benthic copepod assemblages of the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore as part of the Interreg Italy-Switzerland 2014-2020 Parchi Verbano Ticino project (ID: 481668), funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Lake Maggiore is a large and deep temperate lake in north-western Italy human-managed from mid-March to mid-September. This contributes to substantial changes in water levels in relation to human activities such as hydropower, industrial and agricultural uses. We compiled a dataset listing 234 occurrences of benthic copepod species recorded from three littoral sampling sites situated in three protected areas, two of which are part of the Natura 2000 network in Italy and one is part of the Emerald Network in Switzerland. We collected the specimens during the summer-autumn period in 2019-2021. We identified the copepods at the species level and created a dataset with individual georeferenced occurrence records for each species, organized in a standardized Darwin Core Archive format. We made available, through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), a total of 13 distinct taxonomic entities and 234 unique georeferenced occurrence records related to the benthic copepod assemblages of the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore (Tabilio Di Camillo et al., 2023). The dataset has the potential to support the authorities in charge of managing Lake Maggiore’s water levels in addressing the ecological risk relevant to the littoral zone and in developing shared implementation strategies for sustainable water management.
Investigation of the Regulatory Mechanism of Lijie Capsules on Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Yanqiang , Qiu Shaobin , Qiu Fei , Li Guoyuan , Gan Lixian , Huang Binghui , Yang Lingmei
Published: June 2023

Lijie Capsules (LJJN) are a classical Chinese herbal formula adopted to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinically, yet the regulatory mechanism underlying the protection of LJJN against RA has not been fully elucidated. Here, the animal model of RA was established by complete Freund's adjuvant administration in mice. About 60 mg/ml of LJJN was used for treatment. The histological change of ankle joint was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA kits. The protein associated with inflammation and GLUD2 was detected using Western blot. The mice feces were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The levels of glutamate (Glu) and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) were detected using their detection kits. In addition, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were stimulated by Glu to induce an injured synoviocytes model in vitro, with or without LJJN treatment for 48 h. It was demonstrated that LJJN alleviated ankle joint swelling and synovial injury in RA mice. Meanwhile, LJJN inactivated nuclear factor kappa B signaling and suppressed inflammation of RA mice. The disordered gut microbiota composition in RA mice was partly restored by LJJN. Bacteroides-mediated Glu metabolism was impacted in RA mice, and LJJN contributed to the conversion of Glu to α-KG in RA mice. In addition, the in vitro results revealed that LJJN could block Glu-induced inflammation in FLSs but had no direct influence on α-KG and GLUD2 levels. In summary, LJJN exerted a protective role against ankle joint injury and inflammation in RA, which might be partly associated with gut microbiota-mediated Glu metabolism.
Bilateral Bulky Adrenal Plasmacytomas with Very Good Response to Daratumumab-Based Therapy
Authors: Wang Fang-Yu , Hsieh Han-Kuang , Wang Tso-Fu , Wu Yi-Feng
Published: June 2023

Extramedullary myeloma disease represents an infrequent but aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM), and it is associated with a poor prognosis. An optimal treatment strategy for this clinical subset has not yet been clarified. In this report, we demonstrate a patient with MM with the uncommon manifestation of plasmacytomas with a very high burden in the bilateral adrenal glands at diagnosis, which were treated successfully with daratumumab-based second-line therapy.
Unfavorable Tumor Responses to Immunotherapy in the Liver: Lessons Learned from Clinical and Preclinical Studies
Authors: Lu Li-Chun , Feng Gen-Sheng , Hsu Chih-Hung
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become a standard of care for many malignancies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) varies across different organs and affects tumor initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes. Organ-specific differential responses to ICIs have been observed in various cancers. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.

Data Sources and Study Selection:

We enrolled relevant clinical and preclinical studies conducted by our groups and others. Current evidence and data were reviewed and future implication was discussed.

Results:

In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma or esophageal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, or melanoma with liver metastases, the efficacy of ICI-based therapy was generally lower in the liver than in other organs. The mouse liver cancer study showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) might play a role in immunosuppressive TME in the liver as compared to subcutaneous tissues; targeting MDSCs enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in the liver. The metastatic colon cancer models showed that monotherapy with anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody was less effective in suppressing tumor growth in the liver than in subcutaneous tissues. Mechanistically, modulation of hepatic innate immune cells was associated with the improved response of anti-PD-L1 antibody in the liver.

Conclusion:

The relatively unfavorable tumor response to immunotherapy in the liver of various cancers may be attributable to the immunosuppressive hepatic TME. Future comprehensive immune profiling is required to identify key factors and mechanisms in specific organs to overcome immunosuppressive TME, particularly in the liver.
Presence of anterolateral ligament in knees with or without anterior cruciate ligament tear
Authors: Gupta Brijesh , Khan Afroz Ahmad , Kapoor Srijan , Gulia Anil , Kumar Bansal Sanjeev
Published: June 2023

Background:

There is a lot of disagreement in the orthopedics community centers on the existence, morphology, and function of the so-called “anterolateral ligament (ALL).”

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the knees with or without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears had ALLs in their femoral, meniscal, and tibial portions.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety-six patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) knee were enrolled in the trial after being fully informed about it and receiving their agreement. The study involved 96 patients, 48 of whom had ACL tears and the remaining 48 did not.

Results:

Out of 96 patients, 62 (65%) patients had visible ALL on their MRI image. Visualization on MRI is that out of 62 patients, 52 (84%) were male, and 10 (16%) were female. Of 62 individuals who had visible ALL, 23 (37%) suffered an ACL injury, and the remaining 39 (61%) patients did not.

Conclusion:

Our investigation provided radiological proof of the ALL’s existence. Additionally, we discovered that the presence of ALL was strongly linked to meniscal and ACL tears. It is necessary to standardize anatomic nomenclature because variations in the definition of the anatomic description of ALL have caused variations in the incidence of ALL reported in research.
Prognostic Value of T peak-T end Interval on Surface ECG in Patients Undergoing Reperfusion Therapy for ST Segment Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bhyravavajhala Srinivas , Kishore Y. Ram , Reddy M. S. Harish , Panda Ashwin Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background:

In post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, the indices of repolarization on electrocardiogram (ECG) have shown promise for the prediction of death and malignant arrhythmias. In our study, we analyzed prospectively, in patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion therapy, the acute effects of the reperfusion on the Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) and its predictive value for 30-day mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 75 STEMI patients aged 18–80 years admitted to Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, over 6 months. ECGs were taken before and 90 min after reperfusion. TpTe interval was measured before (pre-TpTe) and after reperfusion (post-TpTe). 24-h Holter monitoring was recorded within 72 h of reperfusion to look for any arrhythmias. Patients were followed up for a period of 30 days, and all the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) if any, were noted.

Results:

In the primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) group, the mean change in TpTe after intervention was 19.7 ± 16.7 ms, whereas in thrombolysis group, it was 10.7 ± 13.8; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), suggesting the superiority of primary PTCA compared to thrombolysis. When pre-TpTe interval was compared between who survived (69) and who succumbed (09), higher values were seen in patients who succumbed to death (115 ± 5.48) versus (88 ± 16.5) (P < 0.05). Pre-TpTe value of 105 had 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity in predicting mortality.

Conclusion:

Primary PTCA was superior to thrombolysis in reducing the TpTe interval and MACE events. The pre-TpTe interval could predict 30-day mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in the immediate and late period after revascularization in STEMI.
Cytomorphometry of Normal Exfoliated Gingival Cells: An Analytical Study
Authors: Patel Ridhdhish Kantilal , Patel Ritika Mohanbhai , Patel Rashvaita Kantilal
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Gingiva is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. One of the most common types of carcinoma in the world is oral cancer. Gingival cancers are a common type of oral neoplasm. In order to compare normal tissue with pathological smears using exfoliative oral cytology with morphometry, a baseline must be established. A study was conducted to obtain nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and N:C ratio-nuclear: Cytoplasmic ratio of exfoliated normal gingival cells and to correlate it with healthy individuals by their age and gender.

Methodology:

Exfoliated gingival squamous cell smears were obtained from 200 subjects (100 males, 100 females) belonging to age groups <20 years, 21–40 years, 41–60 years, and >60 years. Smears were fixed and stained by routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining procedure. With the use of both ocular micrometer and stage micrometer different cellular parameters were measured. Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

There were significant differences in NA, CA, and N:C ratio with age regardless of gender. Different age groups of males showed significant variations (P < 0.0001) in all the above parameters. The same was true for different age groups of females. In terms of NA, CA, and N:C ratio, the difference between both genders was significant regardless of age.

Conclusion:

Gingival smears showed age and sex-linked changes in NA, CA, and nuclear: Cytoplasmic ratio. It might serve as a standard for these variables when comparing similar measurements based on pathologic smears of malignant or premalignant nature.
Unusual presentation of pyopneumothorax in a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis on treatment
Authors: Sharma Swati , Sharma Manish Kumar , Pandey Ankit , Mahendran C. S.
Published: June 2023

Pneumothorax, empyema, and pyopneumothorax are rare complications of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) associated with mortality and morbidity and difficult management. The case report throws light into the difficult management of the associated rare complications of PTB. Pyopneumothorax was drained with intercostal drain and anti-TB therapy was reintroduced.
Interrelationship of thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism in hypothyroidism
Authors: Aggarwal Juhi , Chaudhari Umakant , Jamatia Mandayal , Batra Jyoti
Published: June 2023

Hypothyroidism is defined as a reduced activity of thyroid gland. It is due to the reduced secretion of either total thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3). It causes increased secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and so significant increase in serum TSH levels. Hypothyroidism can be classified as primary (due to thyroid hormone deficiency), secondary (due to TSH deficiency), tertiary (due to thyrotropin-releasing hormone deficiency), and peripheral (extra-thyroidal; panel). The clinical expression of hypothyroidism range from life threatening—in the case of myxedema coma—to no signs or symptoms. Dyslipidemia seems to be common feature of hypothyroidism. The serum total cholesterol (TC), found to be elevated in hypothyroidism. It is also seen that triglycerides (TG) levels were also elevated in overt hypothyroidism but there is no significant increase in TG level in subclinical hypothyroidism. The HDL level is decreased only in patients of overt hypothyroidism but not in subclinical hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is also associated with increasing the risk of cardiovascular disorders.
UAV Icing: Experimental Validation Data for Predicting ice Shapes at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Hann Richard , Müller Nicolas , Lindner Markus , Wallisch Joachim
Published: June 2023

Icing is a severe hazard to aircraft and in particular to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). One important activity to understand icing risks is the prediction of ice shapes with simulation tools. Nowadays, several icing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models exist. Most of these methods have been originally developed for manned aircraft purposes at relatively high Reynolds numbers. In contrast, typical UAV applications experience Reynolds numbers an order of magnitude lower, due to the smaller airframe size and lower airspeeds. This work proposes a set of experimental ice shapes that can serve as validation data for ice prediction methods at low Reynolds numbers. Three ice shapes have been collected at different temperatures during an experimental icing wind tunnel campaign. The obtained ice shapes represent wet (glaze ice, −2 °C), mixed (−4 °C), and dry (rime ice, −10 °C) ice growth regimes. The Reynolds number is between Re=5.6…6.0×105, depending on the temperature. The ice shapes were digitized with structure-from-motion, a photogrammetric method that builds 3D models from 2D image sequences. In addition, ice weight measurements and ice density approximations are available. This validation dataset is used in the 2nd AIAA Ice Prediction Workshop (IPW) as a base case scenario. The IPW is a recurring activity that aims to compare different 3D icing CFD methods about their ability to predict ice shapes. Overall, this work is adding a much-needed validation case for low Reynolds number icing, which will aid in the verification and development of ice prediction models.
Integration and Testing of HeatCoat Carbon-Nanotube Ice Protection System on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Yugulis Kevin , Chase David , Kenney Brian
Published: June 2023

The process for certifying an existing aircraft for flight into known icing is well defined and must follow specific guidelines and meet specific milestones. As UAVs are still a relatively recent development, guidelines for icing flight certification of a UAV have not yet been developed by the FAA, and no UAVs have yet been certified for FIKI under the FAA. As part of a research program, engineers at the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbus, OH USA worked with partners to integrate its ice protection system, HeatCoatTM, onto an existing UAV platform as a retrofit with the ultimate goal of flying in icing conditions. This research program was funded by the US Government with intent to integrate HeatCoat on the TigerShark-XP UAV. The integration on the TigerShark was demonstrated to present challenges specific to the nature of this UAV that had to be overcome. This research program required simulation of icing accretion using multiple software packages, ground based icing tunnel testing, dry air flight testing with ice shapes, and flight with a fully functional IPS. Unfortunately, due to unforeseen weather-related and contract delays, flight in known icing has not yet occurred.
Detailed Study of Photogrammetry Technique as a Valid Ice Accretion Measurement Method
Authors: Baghel Anadika Paul , Sotomayor-Zakharov Denis , Knop Inken , Ortwein Hans-Peter
Published: June 2023

Aircraft icing is an important subject for investigation due to its critical effects on flight performance. Ice accretion analysis is commonly carried out using computational tools, from which parameters such as the mean ice shape and roughness characteristics can be obtained, as these parameters have a strong effect on the physics of aerodynamics and ice accretion. Hence, the accurate digitization of a generated ice shape through ice measurement techniques is of crucial importance. This study aimed to validate the use of photogrammetry for measurement of ice geometries and roughness on UAV airfoils, by comparing it with the cast-and-mold method. Two test cases, one mixed and second rime ice, were analyzed, each case with three subcases varying in the number of photographs used. For test case 1, mixed ice, photogrammetry method resulted in an underestimation of mean ice height by 0.5 mm in the smooth zone and overestimation by 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm on the pressure and suction sides, respectively, in the rough zone with feathers compared to the 3D-scan of the mold. The absolute surface roughness error amongst the 3 datasets was ±0.1 mm. Results indicated that the subcase with the most photographs had the least amount of ice geometry errors, but the impact of number of images on the surface roughness was negligible. In test case 2, rime ice, the results showed that even with a smaller number of photos, surface roughness was captured well, given the base geometrical noise roughness to be 0.03 mm. These findings indicate that good predictions of surface roughness can be made with a small number of photos for rime ice surfaces. Possible sources of error in capturing ice geometry include lighting, shadows, camera angles, and software reconstruction errors. The addition of global control points on the stagnation line can provide a better reference for the reconstruction software and reduce error. Accuracy of surface roughness can be improved by reducing the base geometrical noise, which can be achieved with a painting technique using a smaller droplet distribution. In conclusion, photogrammetry is a viable alternative for measurement of surface roughness on UAV airfoils.
Liquid Water Detection Algorithm for the Magnetostrictive Ice Detector
Authors: Jackson Darren , Anderson Kaare , Heuer Weston
Published: June 2023

For nearly a century, ice build-up on aircraft surfaces has presented a safety concern for the aviation industry. Pilot observations of visible moisture and temperature has been used a primary means to detect conditions conducive to ice accretion on aircraft critical surfaces. To help relieve flight crew workload and improve aircraft safety, various ice detection systems have been developed. Some ice detection systems have been successfully certified as the primary means of detecting ice, negating the need for the flight crew to actively monitor for icing conditions. To achieve certification as a Primary ice detection system requires detailed substantiation of ice detector performance over the full range of icing conditions and aircraft flight conditions. Some notable events in the aviation industry have highlighted certain areas of the icing envelope that require special attention.

Following the CRJ accident in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, in December 1997, industry interest and scrutiny in the performance of ice detection systems at warmer temperatures has increased. [

1

] In particular, the concern lies in potential differences between ice accretion on the ice detector sensing surfaces and the critical aircraft surfaces (e.g. wing, nacelle). This has led both the FAA and EASA to update advisory material to ensure that ice detector performance at low freezing fractions is addressed.

To minimize this concern and alleviate the risk, Collins Aerospace (Rosemount Aerospace, Inc.) has developed an enhanced ice detection algorithm for its magnetostrictive ice detector (MID). Traditionally the MID has only been used to detect ice accretion resulting from supercooled liquid water. This new algorithm enables the MID to sense the presence of non-freezing liquid water on its sensing surface and couple that with ambient temperature information to provide a signal when conditions may be conducive for ice accretion on critical aircraft surfaces.

The discussion in this paper describes the development of this new algorithm for the MID and performance verification of the algorithm through icing wind tunnel testing and icing flight tests.
Design, Characterization and Initial Testing of a Vertical Stabilizer Common Research Model for Aircraft Ground Icing Testing
Authors: Clark Catherine , Ruggi Marco
Published: June 2023

Under contract to Transport Canada (TC) and with joint funding support from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a vertical stabilizer common research model (VS-CRM) has been designed and built by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC). This model is a realistic, scaled representation of modern vertical stabilizer designs without being specific to a particular aircraft. The model was installed and tested in the NRC 3 m × 6 m Icing Wind Tunnel in late 2021/early 2022. Testing was led by APS Aviation Inc., with support from NRC and NASA, in order to observe the anti-icing fluids flow-off behavior with and without freezing or frozen precipitation during simulated take-off velocity profiles. The model dry-air aerodynamic properties were characterized using flow visualization tufts and boundary layer rakes. Using this data, a target baseline configuration was selected with a yaw angle equal to 0° and rudder deflection angle equal to -10°. Testing with fluids and precipitation showed that some amount of fluid and contamination was present at the end of each run, with the amount dependent on the fluid type, contamination type, air temperature, run profile and model configuration. The tests with snow and freezing rain showed that exposure of the model to the full holdover time resulted in adhered contamination to the model surface, as the fluid flowed down and off the model due to the near-vertical orientation of the model surface. Other test profiles included dynamic motion of the model to simulate one-engine inoperative conditions, as well as non-standard applications to better understand the fluid behaviour over the model surface. The analysis also includes fluid thickness measurements after fluid application, after precipitation application, and at the end of a simulated take-off run. The results from this research campaign have been presented to the SAE G12 Aerodynamics Working Group, and further testing with the VS-CRM was completed in early 2023.
Development of an Ice Shedding Model for Icing Simulation on Rotor Blades
Authors: Baba Tatsuya , Fukudome Koji , Yamamoto Makoto , Mizuno Takuya , Suzuki Masaya
Published: June 2023

Aircraft icing is the phenomenon that forms an ice layer on the solid surface by impingement of supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere. In icing on rotor blades, ice is shed from the blade surface by centrifugal force as the accumulated ice grows. The ice shedding on rotor blades is a dangerous phenomenon, but the physical mechanism and properties are unclear, and most simulations have not considered it. Therefore, it’s necessary to establish an ice shedding model for icing simulations. In this study, we proposed an ice shedding model in which the condition for ice shedding is that the centrifugal force exceeds both the adhesion and tensile forces. Centrifugal force exceeding adhesion force expresses adhesion failure, while centrifugal force exceeding tensile force expresses cohesion failure. We also proposed functions of temperature and medium volume diameter (MVD) as adhesion strength and tensile strength for ice shedding judgment. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the model, and the ice shedding conditions were investigated through comparison with the experimental results. The progress of icing on the rotor blade was simulated by UPACS, which is composed of the flow field and droplet trajectory computations and the extended Messinger model (Ozgen, S. and Canibek, M., 2009) to simulate the thermodynamics. In the icing process, we simulated the change of centrifugal, adhesion, and tensile force over time. The results showed that icing simulation using UPACS can reproduce the experimental ice shapes, and the present ice shedding model can predict both the shedding timing and location with reasonable accuracy.
A Phase Field Model for Simulating the Freezing of Supercooled Liquid Droplets
Authors: Brown Lucy , Jain Suhas , Moin Parviz
Published: June 2023

In this work, ice accretion is investigated on a fundamental level using a novel Eulerian phase field approach that captures the phase interface. This method, unlike the Allen-Cahn method, does not lead to spurious phase change (artificial mass loss). This method is also straightforward to implement and avoids normal vector reconstructions along the interface or ghost cells. Additionally, it has well-defined and novel stiffness constraints for accuracy and stability that define parameters in the model such as the kinetic coefficient μ and the interface regularization coefficient γ. An incompressible solver is constructed and used to verify the new method using an analytical Stefan problem solution in both 1D and 2D domains.
A Complementary Framework to Predict Ice Adhesion Failure
Authors: Riera Pau , Pothin Jason Raphaël , Pommier-Budinger Valérie , Budinger Marc , Roberts Ian , Lachaud Frédéric
Published: June 2023

Ice adhesion characterization relies heavily on experimental data, especially when dealing with fracture parameters. In this paper, a complementary framework encompassing experimental testing with the numerical treatment of the fracture variables is proposed to provide a physical description of adhesive fracture propagation at the interface of an iced structure. The tests are based on a quasi-static flexural testing setup composed of a displacement-driven actuator and an iced plate. The measured crack length and plate deflection provide the data to be analyzed by the Virtual Crack Closure Technique in order to approximate the critical energy release rate required to study adhesive fracture propagation. The critical energy release rate in mode II is under-predicted and its value is approximated using its counterpart in mode I. The Cohesive Zone Model is then implemented to assess adhesive fracture propagation using a bi-linear traction-displacement law with the calculated fracture parameters. The sensitivity of CZM results to variations in CZM model parameters is evaluated and non-impacting parameters are determined for this particular test configuration.
Extending the Impingement Capabilities of a Cartesian Solver towards Super-Cooled Large Droplets (SLD)
Authors: Capizzano Francesco , de Rosa Donato
Published: June 2023

The paper describes the upgrade and validation of a Cartesian solver able of estimating the mass deposition of super-cooled large droplets (SLD) on aerodynamic surfaces. A decoupled approach is applied in which the air-flow field is first computed by using a RANS method and then passed to an Eulerian solver for obtaining the water-field. Both tools are based on a finite-volume (FV) approach based on locally refined Cartesian meshes and immersed boundaries. The use of semi-empirical models allow to take into account the primary effects due to splashing and bouncing of large droplets on aerodynamic surfaces. Here, we discuss the results of a numerical campaign with the aim of estimating the accuracy of two mass-deposition models on benchmarks from different experimental databases. Besides, for some cases we compare the present results with the ones obtained by using a body-conforming method.
Scalability of GlennICE in a Parallel Environment
Authors: Sabri Zaid , Porter Christopher
Published: June 2023

The Glenn Icing Computational Environment (GlennICE) is a computational tool designed to calculate ice growth on complex three-dimensional geometries using the input from a user-supplied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution for the geometry of interest. The most significant developments in the advancement of GlennICE have been investigating the convergence of the collection efficiency, efficiently finding trajectories, and improving the refinement methodology. Such developments have increased the efficiency of GlennICE for practical engineering application. With the increasing demand for applying GlennICE for more memory-intensive problems, the scalability of GlennICE has yet to be investigated. This paper is aimed at presenting a method to benchmark the scalability of GlennICE utilizing a relevant engineering problem within a parallel environment. This leads to the final goal of investigating whether an increase in the number of processors utilized results in a linear speedup of the GlennICE software.
Large-Eddy Simulation of a NACA23012 Airfoil under Clean and Iced Conditions
Authors: Bornhoft Brett , Jain Suhas , Goc Konrad , Bose Sanjeeb , Moin Parviz
Published: June 2023

Predicting the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft in icing conditions is critical as failures in an aircraft’s ice protection system can compromise flight safety. Aerodynamic effects of icing have typically relied on RANS modeling, which usually struggles to predict stall behavior, including those induced by surface roughness. Encouraged by recent studies using LES that demonstrate the ability to predict stall characteristics on full aircraft with smooth wings at an affordable cost [1], this study seeks to apply this methodology to icing conditions. Measurements of lift, drag, and pitching moments of a NACA23012 airfoil under clean and iced conditions are collected at Re = 1.8M. Using laser scanned, detailed representations of the icing geometries, LES calculations are conducted to compare integrated loads against experimental measurements in both clean and iced conditions at various angles of attack through the onset of stall [2]. This study will explore several critical ice shapes to validate our approach. These include early-time rime, early-time glaze, and horn ice shapes.
Multi-step Ice Accretion by Immersed Boundaries
Authors: de Rosa Donato , Capizzano Francesco , Cinquegrana Davide
Published: June 2023

The paper describes a tools’ suite able of analyzing numerically 3D ice-accretion problems of aeronautical interest. The methodology consists of linking different modules each of them performing a specific function inside the ice-simulation chain. It has been specifically designed from the beginning with multi-step capability in mind. Such a feature plays a key role when studying the dynamic evolution of the icing process. Indeed, the latter has the character of a multi-physic and time-dependent phenomenon which foresees a strong interaction of the air- and water fields with the wall thermodynamics.

Our multi-layer approach assumes that the physical problem can be discretized by a series of pseudo-steady conditions. The simulation process starts with the automatic generation of a Cartesian three-dimensional mesh which represents the input for the immersed boundary (IB) RANS solver. Once obtained, the air-phase is used by the Eulerian tool to solve the transport of the water-phase on the same domain-grid. Both the volumetric solvers share the same unstructured data management and the finite-volume (FV) approach which is based on locally refined Cartesian meshes.

Part of the research effort is devoted to the development of a thermodynamic 3D method which solves the surface liquid-film by Messinger balances of mass and energy. The main outputs are the equilibrium temperature and the mass of ice. The latter is used to compute the local ice-height for accretion purposes. A Lagrangian modification of the geometry is applied at each step by moving the wall vertices along the local unit normal vector. The modified 3D surface is passed again to the automatic mesher for renewing the computational loop. The accuracy and the limits of the present method are discussed by analyzing the results on three-dimensional benchmarks proposed in the framework of the 1st ice prediction workshop (IPW).
Spontaneous Bilateral Lumbar Region Colocutaneous Fistulae. A Case Report
Authors: Wanjara Samuel , Makanga Winston
Published: June 2023

Bilateral spontaneous lumbar colocutaneous fistulae are rare. They are associated with high costs of care, morbidity, and mortality. We present the case  of a 50- year-old male patient who presented with a 10-year history of two low-output spontaneous colocutaneous fistulae from both the left and right  lower lumbar regions with no identifiable risk factors. He was managed operatively with segmental left colon resection and a temporary loop ileostomy  with uneventful recovery after reversal of the ileostomy 2 months later. Whether the etiology of the fistulae is clinically apparent or not, the management  should follow commonly known principles. This report highlights a case of bilateral lumbar region spontaneous colocutaneous fistulae of unknown cause  that was managed operatively with satisfactory short-term outcomes.
Barriers and Enablers of Screening and Brief Intervention Programme Implementation for Patients with Alcohol-Related Injuries in a South African Trauma Centre: Views of Health Care Providers
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Cook Steffi , Ferris Jason , Ward Catherine
Published: June 2023

Despite high levels of alcohol-related injury in South Africa, there are no screening and brief intervention (SBI) programs in any hospital trauma centres. We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 trauma centre staff (8 doctors, 7 nurses, 1 social worker) focused on barriers and enablers to the future implementation of a SBI program. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Perceived barriers included time constraints and injury treatment as priority, with the central barrier being inadequate funding. Enablers included the support of senior staff, and training. These findings can be used to support the successful implementation of a SBI program in South African trauma centres, with the purpose of reducing high rates of risky alcohol use and related injury recidivism.
Exploring the substance abuse problem in a police academy in Nigeria: Implications for its cadets and authority
Authors: Abraham Ubong Evans , Shittu Olusoga Tasiru , Bibire Hussein Abdulkareem , Oluwafemi Odunayo Oluwasanmi
Published: June 2023

There is an illicit drug/substance abuse problem in Nigeria, especially among youths. This morphed when cadets of the Nigeria Police Academy were arrested by the drug law enforcement agency for having illicit drugs. This spurred our study's objectives. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, police cadets identified, through snowball sampling technique, to be involved in illicit drug/substance abuse were interviewed on causes of drug/substance abuse among cadets; accessibility to illicit drugs; perceptions on the effectiveness of punitive measures; effects on academic performance, police training, and interpersonal relationship. Findings are discussed in line with extant literature and inferences indicate the important need for a robust drug/substance use screening exercise for entrants into the Academy. Advocacy is made for the engagement of preventive measures which focus more on dissuading this behaviour through counselling and educational enlightenment initiatives.
The impact of substance use disorders on families and carers: A scoping review
Authors: Swanepoel Ilze , Geyer Stephan , Marcus Tessa
Published: June 2023

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a persistent and global public health and social problem. This scoping review explores and describes the impact that Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) have on families and carers. It draws on 36 research articles published between January 2007 and August 2021. The review findings are presented according to three themes, namely (1) the impact of SUDs on families/ carers, (2) the burden on carers, and (3) coping responses to living with a person with SUD. The evidence indicates that SUDs in a family affects almost all domains of family members' and carers' lives, suggesting the need to develop targeted harm reduction interventions that could reduce vulnerability and help restore the bio-psychosocial well-being of family members and carers.
Under five years high mortality in developing countries is largely preventable
Authors: Lodenyo Hudson A.
Published: June 2023

No Abstract
Leveraging the Potential of Convolutional Neural Network and Satellite Images to Map Informal Settlements in Urban Settings of the City of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Dufitimana Esaie , Niyonzima Theophile
Published: June 2023

The urban population is rapidly increasing and more than half of the world's population is currently living in cities. About 1 billion of city dwellers are  living in slums and informal settlements. Addressing the issue of slums and informal settlements require information on these areas. This study explored  the potential of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Very-High Resolution satellite image to map the informal settlements in urban areas of the city  of Kigali, Rwanda. The study applied modified U-Net model with MobileNetV2 model as the base model to discriminate areas with informal settlements  from other areas. The model was obtained by modifying the original U-Net architecture to incorporate dilated convolutional operations at the beginning  of the network. The findings demonstrate that based on the spatial characteristics of informal settlements, the model was able to detect informal  settlements in urban areas with a recall of 0.862, a precision of 0.810 and an F1-Score of 0.809. Based on these results, the study can be a basis for finding  relevant information about informal settlements that are of concern in the implementation of SDGs, especially goal 11 addressing the issues of  safe and inclusive cities and human settlements.
Statistical modelling and optimization of FS-welded 6061-T651 Aluminum alloy
Authors: Uchegbulam I. , Tonye A. J.
Published: June 2023

An RSM-based experimental design, mathematical modelling and statistical optimization of friction stir welding process parameters was studied. A quadratic fitting model developed from a five-leveled four-factor parametric setting predicted the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the welded AA6061- T651 joints. Statistical analysis at 95% Confidence Interval using ANOVA validated the conformity of the developed model with experimental data and also verified the adequacy of the model for UTS prediction and optimization. Results showed that the model was statistically significant (p<0.0001) with no notable lack of fit with the four parameters and their squared terms also significant statistically. The numerical optimization resulted to an optimum UTS of 166.32MPa from rotational speed, traversing speed, tool tilt angle and axial load values of 1293.641rpm, 48.467mm/min, 1.888° and 4.720kN, respectively with a desirability of 0.944. Also, 2D contour and 3D surface plots showed that the four parameters made decreasing effects on the UTS after reaching their optimized UTS. Driving forces for high UTS were: sufficient heat generation for plastic deformation, effective material coalescence, appropriate extrusion of molten material towards the trailing edge, adequate heat and mass transfer to control grain coarsening, void and flash formations. With an SN-ratio of 45.963 and low coefficient-of-variation of 1.11%, the conformity of the predicted and adjusted regression coefficients (R²) of 0.9619 and 0.9868 respectively supported by the confirmatory test and diagnostic plots showed a strong correlation between the experimental and predicted results. These demonstrated that the developed model was sufficient for predicting and optimizing the UTS of Friction Stir Weld (FSW) AA6061T651 plates.
Physico-chemical characterization of shea butter from Kaima, Western Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole O.M. , Usifo R.O.
Published: June 2023

The characterization of Shea butter is important to enable it meet the standard required for certification. This study aimed at evaluating the quality and physico-chemical characteristics of extracted Shea oil obtained from different types of shea kernels harvested in Kaima local government area of Kwara state with the view to assist local and international producers on the ideal shea kernel for production. The Shea kernels obtained were classified into three; intact and whole (Shea kernel in good condition, microbial and pest-infested Shea kernels and wounded Shea kernels). Moisture content, color, specific gravity (density), acid value, peroxide value, Saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, Anisidine value, iodine value, total lipid content (oil content), free fatty acids profile (using the PORIM test method 2004) were carried out on each sample.Our results showed significant differences (p< 0.0001) between the various Shea butters with the microbial and pest-infested Shea butter having the highest contribution in lowering the quality of the Shea butter. Study revealed that intact and whole Shea kernel butter had good physico-chemical characteristics when compared to the wounded and microbial and pest-infested Shea kernel butter. Free fatty acid (7.13±0.00 %, 10.66±0.03 %, 13.51±0.20 %), Acid value (14.25±0.00 mg/g ,21.32±0.07 mg/g27.01±0.40 mg/g), Peroxide value (6.06±00meq/kg, 15.19±0.03meq/kg, 31.47±0.17meq/kg), PAnisidine value( 18.37±0.07, 15.50±0.00, 13.47±0.17), Total oxidation value (24.26±0.00, 30.24±0.10, 44.08±0.17), Saponification value (227.49±4.46 mg, 164.99±0.00 mg, 181.99±5.00 mg), Unsaponifiable matter (4.51±0.00%, 4.67±0.02 %, 3.06±0.00 %), Iodine value (9.04±0.05 g, 8.74±0.02 g, 8.42±0.01 g), Moisture content (1.00±0.44 %, 0.50±0.29%, 1.00±0.29 %) respectively. This study recommends that Shea butter processors should sort the kernels into categories and process them accordingly to yield different grades for local and international market
Epixylic algae and physico-chemical parameters as indicators of aquatic pollution in Elechi Creek, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Bubu-Davies O.A. , Akosubo-Abraham O.V. , Okoni C.A.
Published: June 2023

Elechi Creek of the Upper Bonny Estuary, Port Harcourt, Nigeria and its resources are economically significant. Still, the Creek is a sink receiving various anthropogenic effluents from its surroundings. The study determined the epixylon assemblage and some physico-chemical parameters [temperature,  pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate, sulphate, and nitrate] of  the Creek. Surface water and epixylon sample collections from three stations followed standard methods between August and November 2021. Epixylon  samples were analyzed microscopically. A total number of 461 individuals, 30 genera and 37 species from 6 families, namely: Bacillariophyceae (18  species), Chlorophyceae (9 species), Cyanophyceae (5 species), Chrysophyceae (1 species), Dinophyceae (3 species), Euglenophyceae (1 species) of epixylic  algae were recorded. Pollution- indicator genera were Cyclotella, Nitzschia, Synedra, Cocconeis, Tabellaria, Melosira (Bacillariophycea)  Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella, Closterium (Chlorophyceae), Oscillatoria and Phormidium (Cyanophyceae). Spatially, sulphate (137.02±25.00 mg/L) exceeded  the NESREA standard (100 mg/L, respectively), while temperature (30.00±1.72 ℃), pH (6.70±0.79), TDS (2308.92±858.14 mg/L), DO (6.56±0.78), BOD  (1.78±0.71 mg/L), nitrate (0.92±0.18 mg/L) and phosphate (0.25±0.06 mg/L) were within NESREA standard (<40 ℃, 6-9, 2000 mg/L, 6.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L, 9.1 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L, respectively). EC (4959.50±1836.34 µs/cm) exceeded the WHO standard (900 µs/cm). The presence of dominant Bacillariophyceae,  some bioindicator species, and higher EC and sulphate denotes organic pollution in Elechi Creek. The study recommends thus periodic monitoring of  Elechi creek and environmental awareness programmes to mitigate pollution and safeguard the health of the residents around this Creek.
A simple polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the total variation distance between two product distributions
Authors: Feng Weiming , Guo Heng , Jerrum Mark , Wang Jiaheng
Published: June 2023

We give a simple polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the total
variation distance between two product distributions.
Dimensión política y legal en el ámbito de la administración y dirección de empresas
Authors: Cevallos Ramos Carina del Rocio , Sandoval Escobar Katherine Elizabeth , Burbano Pérez Ángel Bolívar
Published: June 2023

Senior business management is an activity that, due to its size, requires a higher level of organization in terms of policy formulation and design, which allows it to achieve its objectives in a context of high global competitiveness. The purpose of this article is to describe the political and legal dimensions of business management and administration. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a descriptive and hermeneutic analysis methodology was used, based on the review of various bibliographic sources, with a predominance of documentary sources in digital format, which were analyzed and discussed to elaborate the conclusions of the study. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the political and legal dimension in the administration and management of companies is oriented to customer service and to offer quality goods or services that allow them to maintain their competitiveness and profitability over time, while reasonably managing the available financial and human resources, which transforms them into miniature political units or systems where the organizational and managerial structures have formulas similar to those of a State, which must be governed under objectives and spheres of particular interests.
Constitutional law and judicial guarantees: their structure and interpretation at the national and international level
Authors: Shelever Nataliya , Filipska Nataliia , Varunts Larysa , Pylyp Victoria , Voron Diana
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of constitutional law, together with judicial guarantees, their interpretation and normative consolidation in international legal acts and national regulations, as well as to the clarification of the place of the right to a fair trial in human rights. Thanks to the use of a system of general scientific and special scientific concepts and methods, it was established that the conceptualization of the right to a fair trial was given by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and, moreover, is reflected in the precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In this context, characteristic features of the right to judicial guarantees are defined, its procedural and functional components are distinguished, and procedural and substantive justice are characterized. Everything allows concluding that, the characteristic features of the constitutional right to a fair trial in a state governed by the rule of law are defined as: the perceived ability of a person to exercise the specified right; the presence of a special subject-object structure; appropriate actions in specially created state judicial institutions to restore violated rights.