bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central and peripheral choroidal thickness and eye length changes during accommodation
Authors: Kaphle Dinesh , Schmid Katrina L. , Suheimat Marwan , Read Scott A. , Atchison David A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Eye length increases during accommodation, both on‐axis and in the periphery. The aim of this study was to determine whether the peripheral choroid thins with accommodation and to determine the relationship with eye length changes measured at the same location.

Methods

Subjects included 53 young adults in good ocular and general health, with 19 emmetropes and 34 myopes. Measurements from the right eye were made for 0 D and 6 D accommodation stimuli for ±30° horizontal visual field/retinal locations in 10° steps. Valid eye length and choroidal thickness measurements were obtained for 37 and 47 participants, respectively, and both measures were taken for 31 participants. 2.5% phenylephrine was instilled to dilate the pupils. Participants turned their eyes, without head movement, to fixate targets and to make the target ‘as clear as possible’ during measurements. Correction was made for the influence of lens thickness changing at different peripheral angles. Choroidal thickness was measured with a spectral‐domain‐Optical Coherence Tomographer. For peripheral images, the internal cross target on the capture screen was moved from the centre to 17.25° nasal/temporal positions.

Results

In accordance with previous literature, eye length increased with accommodation. The greatest change (mean ± SD) of 41 ± 17 μm occurred at the centre, with a mean change across the locations of 33 μm. There were no significant differences between emmetropes and myopes. Choroidal thickness decreased with accommodation, with changes being about two‐thirds of those occurring for eye length. The greatest change of −30 ± 1 μm occurred at the centre, with a mean change of −21 μm. Greater choroidal thinning occurred for myopes than for emmetropes (23 ± 11 vs. 17 ± 8 μm, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

With accommodation, eye length increased and the choroid thinned, at both central and peripheral positions. Choroidal thinning accounted for approximately 60% of the eye length increase across the horizontal ±30°.
Open Arthrolysis for Chronic Elbow Dislocation with Extremely Severe Stiffness in Children
Authors: Kang Chi , Liu Xin , Xiang Ming , Yang Jinsong , Xiao Yuan , Ren Bo , Xie Liwei , Zhao Renhuan , Chen Wei , Deng Zhiqiang , Ye Jiajun , Zhou Ying , Sun Qiang
Published: January 2023

Objective

Studies on extremely severe elbow stiffness after chronic dislocation in children are scarce. This study aims to investigate the choice of surgical treatment modalities and to analyze their treatment efficacy in children with chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe periarticular stiffness.

Methods

Data of 21 children with chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe periarticular stiffness diagnosed and treated in our department between February 2015 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty boys and one girl were included in the study, their mean age was 11 ± 2.5 years, and they had concomitant distal humerus fractures. For the treatment protocol, all children with extremely severe elbow stiffness were treated with open arthrolysis, and elbow joint stability was intraoperatively assessed. All children performed passive functional exercises the day after surgery. The elbow flexion and extension angles, range of motion (ROM), and Mayo score were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow‐up.

Results

Of the 21 children, only one had recurrent severe stiffness of the elbow joint after surgery; nevertheless, the function was still improved compared with that before surgery. Preoperatively, the mean elbow extension and flexion angles were 72.2° ± 12.7° and 93.6° ± 11.1°, respectively, and the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow joint was 17.8° ± 8.3°. At the final follow‐up, the mean elbow extension and flexion angles were 22.7° ± 18.6° and 118.8° ± 15.4°, respectively, and the elbow joint ROM was 96.1° ± 17.4°. The differences in the preoperative and postoperative ROMs, flexion angles, and extension angles of the elbow joint were significant (p < 0.01). The MEPS at the final follow‐up was 78.57 ± 14.24, which was significantly higher than preoperative (29.76 ± 10.89), and the excellent rate was 81%.

Conclusion

Open arthrolysis and open reduction and internal fixation of the elbow joint are effective in treating chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe stiffness in children.
Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Internal Fixation for Treatment of Proximal Femoral Osteolytic Lesions in Children
Authors: Wang Yi‐chen , Yang Dan , Zhao Li‐hua , Xiao Bo , Ma Qi‐chao , Dong Liang‐chao , Li Xiang , Zhang Yu‐guo , Zhang Zi‐ming , Luo Yi
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Clinically, it is very difficult to prevent pathological fracture caused by high recurrence rate of osteolytic disease of proximal femur in children. At present, there is no consensus in clinical studies of which internal fixation method can significantly reduce the probability of recurrence of pathological fracture. The study aims to research the mechanical properties of different internal fixations in the treatment of osteolytic lesions of proximal femur in children by finite element analysis, and to find out the optimal treatment.

Methods

Based on finite element analysis, the osteolytic disease models of the femoral neck and intertrochanter in a child (8‐year‐old, boy) were established respectively, and different internal fixation models (plate and titanium elastic intramedullary nails, TENs) were assembled. For the osteolytic lesion of the femoral neck: model A1 was assembled with a plate; model A2 with two TENs crossing the physis; model A3 with two TENs without crossing the physis. And for pertrochanteric osteolytic lesion: model B1 was assembled with a plate, model B2 with two TENs crossing the physis and model B3 with two TENs without crossing the physis. The Eccentric bearing load, torsional restraintal restraint of calcar femorale and composite load were analyzed for each models.

Results

When the yield strain of each model is reached, the stress concentration points are located in the proximal and distal femoral calcar. In the model of femoral neck lesions, the failure load of model A1 and model A2 are the same (1250 N), and the failure load of model A3 (980 N) is significantly lower than that of the former two; in the model of intertrochanteric lesions, the failure load of model B2 is the largest (1350 N), and the failure load of model B1 (1220 N) is lower than that of model B3 (1260 N), but both are smaller than that of model B2.

Conclusion

Through finite element analysis, TENs through the epiphyseal plate, is found to be the better internal fixation method for femoral neck lesions and intertrochanteric lesions under two different working conditions. The results of clinical correlation study provide new biomechanical information for orthopedic doctors to consider different treatment options for osteolytic lesions of proximal femur.
Junctional Kyphosis after Correction with Long Instrumentation for Late Posttraumatic Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: Characteristics and Risk Factors
Authors: Pu Xiaojiang , Zhou Qingshuang , Xu Liang , Yu Yang , Liu Zhen , Qian Bangping , Wang Bin , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu
Published: January 2023

Objective

Junctional kyphosis is a common complication after corrective long spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity. Whereas there is still a paucity of data on junctional kyphosis, specifically among late posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis (LPTK) patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and risk factors of junctional kyphosis in LPTK patients receiving long segmental instrumented fusion.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of LPTK patients who had received long segmental instrumented fusion (>4 segments) in our center between January 2012 and January 2019. Radiographic assessments included the sagittal alignment, pelvic parameters, bone quality on CT images, and measurements of the cross‐sectional area (CSA, cross‐sectional area of muscle‐vertebral body ratio × 100) and fat saturation fraction (FSF, cross‐sectional area of fat‐muscle body ratio × 100) of paraspinal muscles. Patients in this study were divided into those with junctional kyphosis or failure (Group J) and those without (Group NJ) during follow‐up. Group J included patients with junctional kyphosis (Group JK) and patients with junctional failure (Group JF).

Results

A total of 65 patients (16 males and 49 females, average age 56.5 ± 23.4 years) were enrolled in this study. After (32.7 ± 8.5) months follow‐up, 15 patients (23.1%) experienced junctional kyphosis, and four of them deteriorated into junctional failure. Eighty percent (12/15) of junctional kyphosis was identified within 6 months after surgery. In comparison with Group NJ, Group J were older (P = 0.026), longer fusion levels (P < 0.001), greater thoracic kyphosis (P = 0.01), greater global kyphosis (P = 0.023), lower bone quality (P < 0.001), less CSA (P = 0.005) and higher FSF (P <0.001) of paraspinal muscles. Preoperative global kyphosis more than 48.5° (P = 0.001, odds ratio 1.793) and FSF more than 48.4 (P = 0.010, odds ratio 2.916) were identified as independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Based on the statistical differences among Group NJ, Group JK and Group JF (P < 0.001), Group JF had lower bone quality than Group NJ (P < 0.001) and Group JK (P = 0.015). In terms of patient‐reported outcomes, patients in Group JF had worse outcomes in ODI and VAS scores, and PCS and MCS of SF‐36 than Group NJ and group JK

Conclusion

The prevalence of junctional kyphosis was 23.1% in LPTK patients after long segmental instrumented fusion. Preoperative hyperkyphosis and advanced fatty degeneration of paraspinal muscles were independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Patients with lower bone quality were more likely to develop junctional failure.
SEMI‐ROLLED LEAF 10 stabilizes catalase isozyme B to regulate leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Xu Jing , Wang Li , Zhou Mengyu , Nian Jinqiang , Chen Minmin , Lu Xueli , Liu Xiong , Wang Zian , Cen Jiangsu , Liu Yiting , Zhang Zhihai , Zeng Dali , Hu Jiang , Zhu Li , Dong Guojun , Ren Deyong , Gao Zhenyu , Shen Lan , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Guo Longbiao , Yu Sibin , Qian Qian , Zhang Guangheng
Published: January 2023

Plant architecture and stress tolerance play important roles in rice breeding. Specific leaf morphologies and ideal plant architecture can effectively improve both abiotic stress resistance and rice grain yield. However, the mechanism by which plants simultaneously regulate leaf morphogenesis and stress resistance remains elusive. Here, we report that SRL10, which encodes a double‐stranded RNA‐binding protein, regulates leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice through alteration of microRNA biogenesis. The srl10 mutant had a semi‐rolled leaf phenotype and elevated sensitivity to high temperature. SRL10 directly interacted with catalase isozyme B (CATB), and the two proteins mutually increased one other's stability to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, thereby contributing to thermotolerance. The natural Hap3 (AGC) type of SRL10 allele was found to be present in the majority of aus rice accessions, and was identified as a thermotolerant allele under high temperature stress in both the field and the growth chamber. Moreover, the seed‐setting rate was 3.19 times higher and grain yield per plant was 1.68 times higher in near‐isogenic line (NIL) carrying Hap3 allele compared to plants carrying Hap1 allele under heat stress. Collectively, these results reveal a new locus of interest and define a novel SRL10–CATB based regulatory mechanism for developing cultivars with high temperature tolerance and stable yield. Furthermore, our findings provide a theoretical basis for simultaneous breeding for plant architecture and stress resistance.
CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted mutagenesis of TaDCL4, TaDCL5 and TaRDR6 induces male sterility in common wheat
Authors: Zhang Rongzhi , Zhang Shujuan , Li Jihu , Gao Jie , Song Guoqi , Li Wei , Geng Shuaifeng , Liu Cheng , Lin Yanxiang , Li Yulian , Li Genying
Published: January 2023

Phased, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are important for plant anther development, especially for male sterility. PhasiRNA biogenesis is dependent on genes like RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6), DICER‐LIKE 4 (DCL4), or DCL5 to produce 21‐ or 24 nucleotide (nt) double‐strand small RNAs. Here, we generated mutants of DCL4, DCL5 and RDR6 using CRISPR/Cas9 system and studied their effects on plant reproductive development and phasiRNA production in wheat. We found that RDR6 mutation caused sever consequence throughout plant development starting from seed germination and the dcl4 mutants grew weaker with thorough male sterility, while dcl5 plants developed normally but exhibited male sterility. Correspondingly, DCL4 and DCL5, respectively, specified 21‐ and 24‐nt phasiRNA biogenesis, while RDR6 contributed to both. Also, the three key genes evolved differently in wheat, with TaDCL5‐A/B becoming non‐functioning and TaRDR6‐A being lost after polyploidization. Furthermore, we found that PHAS genes (phasiRNA precursors) identified via phasiRNAs diverged rapidly among sub‐genomes of polyploid wheat. Despite no similarity being found among phasiRNAs of grasses, their targets were enriched for similar biological functions. In light of the important roles of phasiRNA pathways in gametophyte development, genetic dissection of the function of key genes may help generate male sterile lines suitable for hybrid wheat breeding.
Thermal optimum of photosynthesis is controlled by stomatal conductance and does not acclimate across an urban thermal gradient in six subtropical tree species
Authors: Kullberg Alyssa T. , Slot Martijn , Feeley Kenneth J.
Published: January 2023

Modelling the response of plants to climate change is limited by our incomplete understanding of the component processes of photosynthesis and their temperature responses within and among species. For ≥20 individuals, each of six common subtropical tree species occurring across steep urban thermal gradients in Miami, Florida, USA, we determined rates of net photosynthesis (Anet), maximum RuBP carboxylation, maximum RuBP regeneration and stomatal conductance, and modelled the optimum temperature (Topt) and process rate of each parameter to address two questions: (1) Do theToptofAnet(ToptA) and the maximumAnet(Aopt) of subtropical trees reflect acclimation to elevated growth temperatures? And (2) What limitsAnetin subtropical trees? Against expectations, we did not find significant acclimation ofToptA,Aopt or theToptof any of the underlying photosynthetic parameters to growth temperature in any of the focal species. Model selection for the single best predictor ofAnetboth across leaf temperatures and atToptArevealed that theAnetof most trees was best predicted by stomatal conductance. Our findings are in accord with those of previous studies, especially in the tropics, that have identified stomatal conductance to be the most important factor limitingAnet, rather than biochemical thermal responses.
Enhanced β‐glucosidase in Western flower thrips affects its interaction with the redox‐based strategies of kidney beans under elevated CO2
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Wang Yanhui , Liu Hui , Huang Xinyi , Qian Lei , Yang Baoqing , Xu Yujing , Chen Fajun
Published: January 2023

β‐Glucosidase is validated as an elicitor for early immune responses in plants and it was detected in the salivary glands of Frankliniella occidentalis in previous research. Seven differentially expressed genes encoding β‐glucosidase were obtained by comparing the transcriptomes of F. occidentalis adults grown under two different CO2 concentrations (800 vs. 400 ppm), which might be associated with the differences in the interaction between F. occidentalis adults and its host plant, Phaseolus vulgaris under different CO2 levels. To verify this speculation, changes in defense responses based on the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in P. vulgaris leaves treated with three levels of β‐glucosidase activity under ambient CO2 (aCO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) were measured in this study. According to the results, significantly higher levels of ROS were noticed under eCO2 compared to aCO2, which was caused by the increased β‐glucosidase activity in thrips due to increased cellulose content in P. vulgaris leaves under eCO2. Together with the lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in injured leaves under eCO2, P. vulgaris leaves would be negatively affected on redox‐based defense by eCO2, thus facilitating thrips damage under climate change.
Acne incidence in preadolescents and association with increased body mass index: A population‐based retrospective cohort study of 643 cases with age‐ and sex‐matched community controls
Authors: Rodriguez Baisi Katinna E. , Weaver Amy L. , Shakshouk Hadir , Tollefson Megha M.
Published: January 2023

Background/Objectives

Little is known about acne incidence in preadolescents and its potential association with body mass index (BMI). Our study aims to determine acne incidence in preadolescents and its association with BMI.

Methods

A population‐based retrospective cohort study identified 7‐ to ≤12 year‐olds with an initial acne diagnosis during 2010–2018, and incidence was calculated. Two age‐ and sex‐matched controls without acne were randomly selected per case, and BMI was recorded.

Results

A total of 643 acne patients were identified. Annual age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate was 58.0 per 10,000 person‐years, higher in females vs. males (89.2 vs. 28.2 per 10,000 person‐years, p < .001), and increased with age (4.3, 24.4, and 144.3 per 10,000 person‐years among 7–8, 9–10, and 11–12 year‐olds, respectively, p < .001). Systemic medication use was associated with increasing BMI (odds ratio = 1.43 per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% CI 1.07–1.92, p = .015). Median BMI percentile was higher among acne cases vs. controls (75.0 vs. 65.0, p < .001), as was the proportion with BMI ≥95th percentile (16.7% vs. 12.2%, p = .01).

Conclusion

Acne incidence is higher in preadolescent girls than boys and increases with age. Preadolescents with acne are more likely to be obese than those without acne. Those with higher BMIs are more likely to be given systemic treatment.
Annular erythema of infancy: A rare and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Ly Sophia , Guram Mavinder , Zoumberos Nicholas , Kincannon Jay , Evans Megan S.
Published: January 2023

Annular erythema of infancy is a rare, benign disease characterized by enlarging annular patches and plaques that resolve spontaneously. Histopathology typically demonstrates a perivascular mixed lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with increased eosinophils. We present two cases of annular erythema of infancy, at ages 2–4 weeks, and review the literature on annular erythema of infancy. It is important to differentiate this distinct, benign disease from serious autoimmune or infectious processes, such as neonatal lupus erythematosus and syphilis, which may present with similar annular lesions in infancy.
A Danish version of the MISSCARE survey: Translation and validation
Authors: Lisby Marianne , Tei Randi , Mainz Hanne , Gregersen Merete , Andersen Karen Vestergaard
Published: January 2023

Background

Measuring missed nursing care in clinical settings may serve as an important indicator for improving patient safety and nursing staff retention. Internationally, several tools exist, with the MISSCARE Survey being the most frequently used and validated; however, no tools are available in the Danish language.

Aim

This study aimed at translating the MISSCARE Survey from US English to Danish and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

The translation followed the recommended method, that is forward‐and‐backward translation, involving clinical experts and a professional, native English‐speaking translator. The final version was approved by the survey's original developer. Face validity was tested among 10 nurses and 1 practical nurse. Nursing staff from 34 selected departments at Aarhus University Hospital's (n = 1241) were invited to participate in a pilot test in November 2020. The survey consisted of a demographic section, a section of ‘nursing elements’ (Part A) and section of ‘reasons’ (Part B). Acceptability was assessed on Part A and B. Reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and psychometric properties were investigated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Part B).

Results

The face‐validity test resulted in minor contextual changes and the addition of a ‘not applicable’ response option in Part A. The pilot test had a 42.6% response rate (n = 529). Acceptability was good, with 1–10 missing responses per item in Part A and 0–20 missing responses in Part B. The numbers of ‘not applicable’ responses ranged from 0 to 81. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. Factor‐loading ranges were 0.62–0.48 for ‘communication’, 0.79–0.39 for ‘materials and resources’, and 0.50–0.35 for ‘labour’, suggesting an acceptable fit with the theoretical model.

Conclusion

The MISSCARE Survey was successfully translated into Danish. The psychometric properties confirmed the questionnaire as a valid and reliable tool for measuring missed nursing care in Danish hospital settings.
Recalcitrant hypercalcemia in a dialysis patient: Case report, literature review, and proposed management algorithm
Authors: Fong Jie Ming Nigel , Chia Eik Chao , Zhang Meifen , Malakar Roy Debajyoti
Published: January 2023

A 62‐year‐old male on maintenance hemodialysis, who was bedbound after a cerebrovascular accident, developed progressive hypercalcemia during a prolonged hospital stay. The etiology of hypercalcemia was attributed to immobility after extensive workup including imaging for malignancy or granulomatous disease, parathyroid hormone levels, parathyroid hormone related peptide, and vitamin D levels were unyielding. Low calcium dialysate would transiently reduce serum calcium levels, but levels would rebound in the interdialytic period. In view of recalcitrant hypercalcemia presenting with crisis, denosumab was successfully used to lower serum calcium. We review the literature and propose a management algorithm for severe hypercalcemia in a patient on dialysis.
Simultaneous neutralization of TGF‐β and IL‐6 attenuates Staphylococcus aureus‐induced arthritic inflammation through differential modulation of splenic and synovial macrophages
Authors: Ghosh Rituparna , Dey Rajen , Sawoo Ritasha , Bishayi Biswadev
Published: January 2023

Septic arthritis is a joint disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Different macrophage populations contribute in various ways to control blood‐borne infections and induce inflammatory responses. Macrophage tissue–resident niche is necessary for the suppression of chronic inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. Thus, to obtain a resolution of the disease and restoration of synovial homeostasis, it needs the activation of macrophages that further regulate the inflammatory consequences. The aim of this study was to find out the mechanism by which neutralization of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and/or interleukin (IL)‐6 after induction of septic arthritis could alter the specific macrophage responses in spleen and synovial joints via different cytokines (osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), IL‐10, IL‐12 and CXCL8) cross‐talking, and how the response could be modulated by reactive oxygen species vs antioxidant enzyme activities. Dual neutralization of TGF‐β and IL‐6 is notably effective in eliciting splenic and synovial tissue–resident macrophage responses. Synovial macrophage‐derived IL‐10 can elicit protection against septic arthritis via regulating receptor‐activated nuclear factor Kappa‐B ligand (RANKL)/OPG interaction. They also reduced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and catalase. Histopathological analysis revealed that dual neutralization of TGF‐β and IL‐6 prevented bone destruction and osteoclastic activity in septic arthritis by promoting the differential functional response of the splenic and synovial macrophages. Additionally, the macrophage‐derived IL‐10 can elicit protection against S. aureus‐induced septic arthritis via regulating RANKL/OPG interaction. Further studies on STAT3 and STAT4 are needed for the understanding of such cross‐talking in resident macrophages of arthritic mice.
Soil organic carbon content and soil structure quality of clayey cropland soils: A large‐scale study in the Swiss Jura region
Authors: Johannes Alice , Sauzet Ophélie , Matter Adrien , Boivin Pascal
Published: January 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) fashions soil structure, which is a key factor of soil fertility. Existing SOC content recommendations are based on SOC:clay ratio thresholds of >1:10. However, the corresponding SOC content might be considered hard to reach in clayey soils, whose structure degradation risk is assumed to be high. Here, we analysed the SOC content and soil structure quality of soils under similar cropping practices with clay contents ranging from 16% to 52%. Five undisturbed soil cores (5–10 cm layer) were collected from 96 fields at 58 farms in the Swiss Jura region. We assessed the soil structure quality visually using the CoreVESS method. Gravimetric air content and water content, and bulk density at −100 hPa were also measured, and the soil structure degradation index was calculated. We found that the relationship between SOC and clay content held over the clay content range, suggesting that reaching an acceptable SOC:clay ratio is not limited by large clay contents. This suggests that the 1:10 SOC:clay ratio may remain useful for clayey soils. In contrast to what was expected, it is not more challenging to reach this ratio in clayey soils even if it implies reaching very large SOC contents. SOC content explained the considered physical properties better than clay content. From a soil management point of view, these findings suggest that the soil texture determines a potential SOC content, while the SOC:clay ratio is determined by farming practices regardless of the clay content.
OBJECT‐ORIENTED ONTOLOGY AND THE OTHER OF WE IN ANTHROPOCENTRIC POSTHUMANISM
Authors: Hendlin Yogi Hale
Published: January 2023

The object‐oriented ontology group of philosophies, and certain strands of posthumanism, overlook important ethical and biological differences, which make a difference. These allied intellectual movements, which have at times found broad popular appeal, attempt to weird life as a rebellion to the forced melting of lifeforms through the artefacts of capitalist realism. They truck, however, in a recursive solipsism resulting in ontological flattening, overlooking that things only show up to us according to our attunement to them. Ecology and biology tend to get lost in the celebration of “thingness,” which puts on par artifacts, trash, and living beings. Such abstractions fail to understand the political, ethical, and ontological implications of eliding the animate/nonanimate distinction, which from the opposite direction (of flattening) reproduce the same violences of historical colonialism (hierarchical humanism). I argue that ontological flattening entails epistemological narcissism, fails to take into account plural (interspecies) perspectives, and propose biosemiotics can address these shortcomings through becoming‐with nonhuman knowledge.
Meeting Primary Literacy Needs Post-Pandemic: Maximizing the Instructional Power of Early Reading Texts
Authors: Russell Sharon L.
Published: January 2023

There is no question that elementary teachers are feeling added burdens regarding early reading instruction since returning to the post-pandemic classroom. Much discussion is occurring about lags across all areas of language and literacy development. At present, teachers have few empirical resources upon which to draw. This article considers the 2022 nine-year-old reading results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress as well as voices from virtual primary teachers in relationship to instructional recommendations made prior to 2020. Now more than ever, it is imperative that early literacy include not only foundational skills development, but also direct instruction in comprehension, vocabulary, and the development of background knowledge. This article proposes a way to integrate early language arts instruction across the curriculum by harnessing the power of texts written for young readers. Differentiating reader needs is always a consideration. What lies within the text is considered far less often. Walter Kintsch’s (1998) construction-integration and situation models include the surface level, the reader base, and the textbase, providing a paradigm for considering how these three components can work together instructionally to help developing readers gain literacy proficiency. Young children need to practice foundational and comprehension skills in text at their decoding levels. This inquiry pairs expert genre analysis of possible informational text written at a low decoding level with three types of instruction research indicates must happen in the primary grades, illustrating instructional methodologies for a) abstract and concrete high frequency sight words, b) deep comprehension, and c) text structure.
A singular Coxeter presentation
Authors: Elias Ben , Ko Hankyung
Published: January 2023

We enlarge a Coxeter group into a category, with one object for each finite parabolic subgroup, encoding the combinatorics of double cosets. This category, the singular Coxeter monoid, is connected to the geometry of partial flag varieties. Our main result is a presentation of this category by generators and relations. We also provide a new description of reduced expressions for double cosets. We describe all the braid relations between such reduced expressions, and prove an analogue of Matsumoto's theorem. This gives a proper development of ideas first introduced by Geordie Williamson. In type , we also equip the singular Coxeter monoid with a diagrammatic presentation using webs.
Material Removal Behavior of Ultrasonic Vibration Helical Grinding of SiCf/SiC Composites
Authors: Dong Zhigang , Zhang Haitao , Bao Yan , Yang Feng , Wang Zhongwang , Kang Renke
Published: January 2023

To reveal the material removal mechanism of silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix (SiCf/SiC) composites during the ultrasonic vibration helical grinding (UVHG) of hole-making process, a hole-making experiment of UVHG was conducted, and the contact behavior between a grain and different components in the SiCf/SiC was analyzed. The evaluation index of the hole wall quality Cw which comprehensively considers the overall level and local defects of surface quality was proposed, while the evaluation index of the hole exit quality Ce which comprehensively considers the area and depth of edge chipping was proposed too. The results show that the periodic changes of the fiber cutting angle θ will lead to different fracture mechanisms of the fibers and the interfaces, so the surface topography will change regularly. The brittle fracture of the matrixes under different process parameters is different, so the surface topography is different. The quality evaluation indexes Cw and Ce are highly reliable. Within the experimental parameters, selecting a smaller pitch, a smaller helical feed rate, and an appropriate ultrasonic amplitude can obtain better hole-making quality.
Multi-Branch Cellular Space Robot Mechanism Design and Climbing Behavior Research
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , You Bindi , Wang Rui , Zhao Yang , Wei Cheng , An Dexiao
Published: January 2023

Current space engineering projects such as large space structure erection and spacecraft maintenance tasks require robots with space truss climbing capability. To adapt to the complex climbing environment, this paper developed a multi-branch reconfigurable robot suitable for space truss climbing by using a cellular space robot (CSR). In different climbing environments, the robot can switch between different motion modes by changing the modules’ states. Considering the kinematic modeling problem after module reconfiguration, this paper analyzes the kinematics of the CSR based on the screw theory and extends it to any multi-branch configuration. Meanwhile, for the problem that it is difficult to obtain the inverse kinematic analytical solution of the multi-branch robot climbing mode with planar continuous three-parallel joints, the kinematic analytical algorithm for different configurations is given by combining algebraic and geometric methods. Besides, a 3D truss climbing environment is built, and the kinematic characteristics of the robot joint drive force, working space, and motion energy consumption under different motion modes of the multi-branched robot are analyzed. The results indicate that the developed multi-branched robot has good 3D space truss climbing capability and provides a basis for selecting its working mode in orbit. This study can help to broaden the application field of CSRs in orbit.
Impact of Creep Effect on Hydraulic Fracture Long-Term Conductivity in Deep Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Ren Lan , Hu Zheyu , Zhao Jinzhou , Lin Ran , Wu Jianfa , Song Yi , Lin Chen
Published: January 2023

The main factor contributing to the decline in effective fracture width and conductivity is proppant embedding into the fracture surface. In the deep shale's high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-stress environment, the rheological properties of rock cause proppant embedding to be deeper. Additionally, the effect of hydraulic fracture is difficult to maintain after fracturing, which causes a sharp decline in cumulative production. In this paper, the Hertz contact theory is used to establish a long-term fracture conductivity model that incorporates the two embedding behaviors of proppant elastic deformation and reservoir creep deformation. Through time integration, the variation of long-term fracture conductivity is obtained. The experimental data and the theoretical model agree well. The results show that long-term fracture conductivity gradually decreases as the proppant progresses from the elastic embedding stage to the creep embedding stage. The elastic modulus, viscoelastic coefficient, and particle size significantly impact on the fracture width. The rock's elastic modulus and viscoelastic coefficient have a negligible impact on the long-term fracture conductivity, which is positively correlated with sand concentration, proppant particle size, and elastic modulus. In this research, an accurate and effective analysis model is proposed to quantify the long-term fracture conductivity, reveal the hydraulic fracture closure mechanism of deep shale under high temperature and high stress, and provide technological solutions for long-term maintenance of high conductivity fracture channels, which is useful to increase deep shale production efficiency, lower the production decline rate, and extend the stable production cycle.
Effect of Base Angle of an Isosceles Trapezoidal Solar Air Heater Duct on Flow and Thermal Characteristics—A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Dara Rambabu , Muvvala Pullarao
Published: January 2023

This paper reports the computational results of fluid flow and thermal characteristics in an isosceles trapezoidal solar air heater (SAH). By varying the base angle of the trapezoidal duct from 90 deg to 45 deg, six different models of solar air heater ducts are obtained. The six geometries of SAH ducts have cross sections of rectangular (90 deg), triangular (45 deg), and four isosceles trapezoidal (having base angles of 50 deg, 60 deg, 70 deg, and 80 deg) shapes. The solar radiation absorber plate width and the duct heights are maintained constant for all six models of SAH, i.e., 160 mm and 80 mm, respectively. The SAH is subjected to a constant and uniform heat flux value of 1000 W/m2 and Reynolds numbers varied from 5000 to 28,000. In all six cases, the size of the air heater is the same and having dimensions of 0.16 m width and 1 m length. For this investigation, a three-dimensional computational model has been developed and simulations are carried out using commercially available ansys fluent software. The numerical results are validated with the standard correlations and literature data, and a suitable model has been identified for the turbulence closure. A detailed analysis of the Nusselt number, temperature distribution over the SAH, and friction factor across the SAH duct is done. Empirical correlations for the estimation of heat transfer and friction factor have been developed as functions of the base angle of the duct and Reynolds number. An overall performance factor (λ) is adopted to get the combined effect of friction factor and Nusselt number with an intention to arrive at the optimum base angle of the SAH duct, and optimum geometry is identified. Based on the value of λ, it is concluded that the SAH duct with the highest base angle (90 deg) in this investigation, i.e., the rectangular duct, is the optimum among all the ducts considered in the study.
Inter-seasonal comparison of acoustic propagation in a Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadow in a shallow sub-tropical lagoon
Authors: Lee Kevin M. , Ballard Megan S. , McNeese Andrew R. , Wilson Preston S. , Venegas Gabriel R. , Zeh Mathew C. , Rahman Abdullah F.
Published: January 2023

Acoustic propagation measurements were collected in a seagrass meadow in a shallow lagoon for periods of over 65 h in winter and 93 h in summer. A bottom-deployed sound source transmitted chirps (0.1–100 kHz) every 10 min that were received on a four-receiver horizontal hydrophone array. Oceanographic probes measured various environmental parameters. Daytime broadband acoustic attenuation was 2.4 dB greater in summer than winter, and the median received acoustic energy levels were 8.4 dB lower in summer compared to winter. These differences were attributed in part to seasonal changes in photosynthesis bubble production and above-ground seagrass biomass.
Impact of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms on Sport Routines in Nonelite Athlete Participants of Summer Olympic Sports
Authors: Prado Raul C.R. , Willett Hannah N. , Takito Monica Y. , Hackney Anthony C.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Most women during their lifetime experience a combination of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms (eg, menstrual cramps) before and often to the end of menstruation. However, the impact of these symptoms on sport routines (eg, performance, training absence) during phases around menstruation is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of PMS symptoms on sport routines among nonelite athletes over 3 phases related to menstruation. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed to recruit nonelite female athletes who participate in summer Olympic sports. Participants were allocated into 2 groups: those who experienced mild to moderate PMS symptoms (no-PMS) and those with severe PMS symptoms (p-PMS). Two hundred thirty-four responses from eumenorrheic women (p-PMS = 78%) were considered valid. An unpaired Student t test was conducted to compare demographic characteristics between groups and chi-square test to evaluate the impact of PMS status on sport routines between groups. Results: A significant (P < .05) proportion of women in the p-PMS group changed their training schedule because of menstrual (55%) and premenstrual (61%) symptoms compared with the no-PMS group. Overall, all participants indicated that training (P = .01) and competitive (P < .01) performance are impacted during menstruation, followed by a greater impact (P < .05) in the p-PMS group before menstruation. Conclusion: The presence of PMS symptoms reduces training and competitive performance, primarily during and before menstruation, respectively. Severity of PMS symptoms was significantly associated with alterations in training schedule but not with competitive schedule.
Program Evaluation of a University-Based Coach Education Program
Authors: Gano-Overway Lori A. , Sackett Sarah Carson , Wigglesworth Janet , Knight Madelynn E.
Published: January 2023

This paper outlines how a program evaluation of a U.S. higher education coaching minor program was executed to clarify program needs and identify areas of improvement. Data were gathered from university students (n = 113), current minors (n = 13), program graduates (n = 26), coach education experts (n = 4), and community administrators/coaches (n = 13) using multiple methods including archival data collection, online surveys, and individual/group interviews. Descriptive statistics, curriculum mapping, and qualitative thematic analysis were used to document findings aligned with the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The context evaluation identified the target population, program goals, opportunities, barriers, and the highest priority programmatic needs. The input evaluation outlined themes highlighting the importance of understanding one’s context, incorporating evidence-based practices and teaching principles, aligning assessments with learning outcomes, establishing faculty buy-in, and advocating for the program. The process evaluation revealed programmatic alignment with national coaching standards with inconsistencies and the need to expand current content to achieve learning outcomes. The product evaluation showed that students acknowledged learning outcomes, were satisfied with the program, and felt ready to engage in coaching. Program graduates indicated preparedness to coach with some exceptions. The findings provided insight into how a multifaceted and targeted program evaluation can inform program improvements and next steps in the evaluation process.
Dual-Task Interference Slows Down Proprioception
Authors: Jiang Linjing , Kasahara Satoshi , Ishida Tomoya , Wei Yuting , Chiba Ami , Samukawa Mina , Tohyama Harukazu
Published: January 2023

It is well-known that multitasking impairs the performance of one or both of the concomitant ongoing tasks. Previous studies have mainly focused on how a secondary task can compromise visual or auditory information processing. However, despite dual tasking being critical to motor performance, the effects of dual-task performance on proprioceptive information processing have not been studied yet. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to investigate whether sensorimotor task performance would be affected by the dual task and if so, in which phase of the sensorimotor task performance would this negative effect occur. The kinematic variables of passive and active knee movements elicited by the leg drop test were analyzed. Thirteen young adults participated in the study. The dual task consisted of performing serial subtractions. The results showed that the dual task increased both the reaction time to counteract passive knee–joint movements in the leg drop test and the threshold to detect those movements. The dual task did not affect the speed and time during the active knee movement and the absolute angle error between the final and the target knee angles. Furthermore, the results showed that the time to complete the sensorimotor task was prolonged in dual tasking. Our findings suggest that dual tasking reduces motor performance due to slowing down proprioceptive information processing without affecting movement execution.
scONE-seq: A single-cell multi-omics method enables simultaneous dissection of phenotype and genotype heterogeneity from frozen tumors
Authors: Yu Lei , Wang Xinlei , Mu Quanhua , Tam Sindy Sing Ting , Loi Danson Shek Chun , Chan Aden K. Y. , Poon Wai Sang , Ng Ho-Keung , Chan Danny T. M. , Wang Jiguang , Wu Angela Ruohao
Published: January 2023

Single-cell multi-omics can provide a unique perspective on tumor cellular heterogeneity. Most previous single-cell whole-genome RNA sequencing (scWGS-RNA-seq) methods demonstrate utility with intact cells from fresh samples. Among them, many are not applicable to frozen samples that cannot produce intact single-cell suspensions. We have developed scONE-seq, a versatile scWGS-RNA-seq method that amplifies single-cell DNA and RNA without separating them from each other and hence is compatible with frozen biobanked samples. We benchmarked scONE-seq against existing methods using fresh and frozen samples to demonstrate its performance in various aspects. We identified a unique transcriptionally normal-like tumor clone by analyzing a 2-year frozen astrocytoma sample, demonstrating that performing single-cell multi-omics interrogation on biobanked tissue by scONE-seq could enable previously unidentified discoveries in tumor biology.
Network-driven intracellular cAMP coordinates circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Ono Daisuke , Wang Huan , Hung Chi Jung , Wang Hsin-tzu , Kon Naohiro , Yamanaka Akihiro , Li Yulong , Sugiyama Takashi
Published: January 2023

The mammalian central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), coordinates the timing of physiology and behavior to local time cues. In the SCN, second messengers, such as cAMP and Ca
2+
, are suggested to be involved in the input and/or output of the molecular circadian clock. However, the functional roles of second messengers and their dynamics in the SCN remain largely unclear. In the present study, we visualized the spatiotemporal patterns of circadian rhythms of second messengers and neurotransmitter release in the SCN. Here, we show that neuronal activity regulates the rhythmic release of vasoactive intestinal peptides from the SCN, which drives the circadian rhythms of intracellular cAMP in the SCN. Furthermore, optical manipulation of intracellular cAMP levels in the SCN shifts molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms. Together, our study demonstrates that intracellular cAMP is a key molecule in the organization of the SCN circadian neuronal network.
Machine learning for industrial processes: Forecasting amine emissions from a carbon capture plant
Authors: Jablonka Kevin Maik , Charalambous Charithea , Sanchez Fernandez Eva , Wiechers Georg , Monteiro Juliana , Moser Peter , Smit Berend , Garcia Susana
Published: January 2023

One of the main environmental impacts of amine-based carbon capture processes is the emission of the solvent into the atmosphere. To understand how these emissions are affected by the intermittent operation of a power plant, we performed stress tests on a plant operating with a mixture of two amines, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and piperazine (CESAR1). To forecast the emissions and model the impact of interventions, we developed a machine learning model. Our model showed that some interventions have opposite effects on the emissions of the components of the solvent. Thus, mitigation strategies required for capture plants operating on a single component solvent (e.g., monoethanolamine) need to be reconsidered if operated using a mixture of amines. Amine emissions from a solvent-based carbon capture plant are an example of a process that is too complex to be described by conventional process models. We, therefore, expect that our approach can be more generally applied.
Voltage control of magnetic order in RKKY coupled multilayers
Authors: Kossak Alexander E. , Huang Mantao , Reddy Pooja , Wolf Daniel , Beach Geoffrey S. D.
Published: January 2023

In the field of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics, there is a substantial effort present to make AFMs viable active components for efficient and fast devices. Typically, this is done by manipulating the AFM Néel vector. Here, we establish a method of enabling AFM active components by directly controlling the magnetic order. We show that magneto-ionic gating of hydrogen enables dynamic control of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in solid-state synthetic AFM multilayer devices. Using a gate voltage, we tune the RKKY interaction to drive continuous transitions from AFM to FM and vice versa. The switching is submillisecond at room temperature and fully reversible. We validate the utility of this method by demonstrating that magneto-ionic gating of the RKKY interaction allows for 180° field-free deterministic switching. This dynamic method of controlling a fundamental exchange interaction can engender the manipulation of a broader array of spin textures, e.g., chiral domain walls and skyrmions.