bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Luminescence Enhancement of Hydrophilic 'Caged' Carbons Dots
Authors: Akari Aviya
Published: June 2024

Over the last decade, carbon dots (CDs) have quickly emerged as outstanding 'green' nanoprobes for fluorescence imaging and microscopy techniques. In this context, the identification of a mechanism to tune the CD's optical properties (e.g., fluorescence) can translate into the development of photoactivatable probes with improved performance for super-resolution bioimaging. In relation to this, facile synthetic protocol was devised to photoactivate the luminescence of two types of hydrophilic carbon dots (-COOH and -N doped carbon dots) by 'caging' the nanostructures with photocleavable 2-nitrobenzyl groups. It was demonstrated that 2nitrobenzyl groups efficiently quench the emission intensity of both resulting nanoconstructs. Nonetheless, the luminescence of the 'caged' carbon dots can be partially recovered, upon ultraviolet illumination, in solution.
Synthesis of Organosilanes and Investigation of Their Catalytic Activity for Direct Amide Bond Formation
Authors: D'Amaral Melissa
Published: June 2024

Amide synthesis is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry due to the abundance of amides in biologically active molecules, synthetic polymers, and commercial products. Coupling reagents that activate the carboxylic acid have become the most well-studied method to direct amide bond formation. Amongst these, carbodiimides, uronium and phosphonium salts, and benzotriazoles are the most common. These reactions, however, are often limited by poor atom economy, and toxic and expensive reagents. Therefore, synthetic chemists need a better method to form amides safely and efficiently. Organosilanes have been reported as greener, efficient alternative amide coupling reagents. Current work in this field often requires a stoichiometric (or more) amount of the silane. While stoichiometric amide coupling reactions are generally the methods of choice for their efficiency and practicality, catalytic amide coupling can present a new step toward greener methodologies to make amides. This thesis explores novel organosilanes that are investigated as catalysts for direct amidation. The silane catalysts are designed to have enhanced reactivity by incorporating a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to facilitate the formation of a silyl ester intermediate and nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl by the amine coupling partner. The synthesis of various organosilanes have been investigated, including silanes that have an amide or urea, hydroxy, or protonated amine as a HBD. The silanes that have been successfully synthesized were tested as catalysts in direct amidation. Aryl and alkyl silanes, and di- and trisubstituted silanes were used in stoichiometric silane-mediated amide synthesis to study how the substitution on the silicon effects amidation.
Membrane Stress and Replication Instability
Authors: Rappaport Daniel
Published: June 2024

The yeast cell wall presents the first line of defense when interacting with external factors. In fungi, there are different responses to environmental stress, dependent both on the origin and magnitude of the stress. The response to stress in general, and more specifically membrane stress response has been outlined in many eukaryotes. However, the interaction of membrane-stress responses with mutagenesis and genome stability is unclear. Genome stability is maintained through cell division regulation. This is mediated by cell cycle signals, including the DNA replication checkpoint. In fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the cell integrity pathway activates a mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. This particular pathway is defined by the kinase Pmk1. We find potential overlap between anti-fungal-induced membrane stress and the DNA replication checkpoint. Furthermore, we find that there is a Pmk1 dependent relationship between membrane stability and genome stability. Understanding the response to stress may allow for more efficient anti-fungal drug development.
Vegan Food Deserts: Between Inaccessibility, Identity, and Gentrification
Authors: Jahiu Lindi
Published: June 2024

Veganism as lifestyle and dietary practice, has accelerated in recent years as individuals are drawn towards its associations to environmental conscientiousness, health, and ethical food consumption. Simultaneously, veganism has also incurred a rather "paradoxical" narrative of one complicit in creating further barriers of access. Expanding upon traditional conceptions of the food desert, this paper seeks to concretize the notion of a 'vegan food desert', but also go beyond inaccessibility, and addressing the tethers to identity and neoliberal urban restructuring in Toronto. Through a mixed-methods approach that synthesizes the quantitative and qualitative; a framework predicated upon patron Google reviews data served as the foundation for the analyses. The results suggest a suburbanization of vegan food deserts, a retail landscape that caters to the affluent and exacerbates barriers for the visible minority populace, an intersection between the retailers to physical gentrification, and indications of a gentrification language in action, viz., symbolic gentrification.
Clustering Analysis of Attitudes Towards Automated Vehicles
Authors: Kogan Daniel
Published: June 2024

While market segmentation is widely used to study travel behaviour (Beirao & Cabral, 2008; Kieu et al., 2015), it has not been widely applied to study the public opinion of automated vehicles (AVs). Previous research has primarily used inferential statistics and has found that younger males living in urban areas who have higher income are likely to be more interested in AV use and more willing to pay (WTP) for such technology (Bansal et al., 2016; Hohenberger et al., 2016; Hudson et al., 2018; Schoettle & Sivak, 2014). This study differs from those in that it applies Two-Step Clustering Analysis, a market segmentation approach which highlights more complex linkages between consumer segments and adoption than is portrayed in conditional bivariate estimates. We identified five sample market segments: Retirees, Rural Workers, Students, Working Class, and Torontonians. These segments significantly differ one from another when cross-tabulated with intention of use and WTP for AV variables. Results suggest that market segmentation may be a viable technique for studying and targeting sub-groups of individuals to shape automated vehicle use, while also providing policymakers with means and insights for intervention. Since we found no differences in attitudes regarding AV modes, we conclude that AV adoption will highly depend on public opinion regarding AVs, and that interventions should focus on raising awareness and exposure to AV modes with the most societal benefits.
Innovative Pedagogical Strategies: Fostering Inclusion and Motivation in the ESL Classroom
Authors: Ojong Akem Solange , Addo Eugene Hayford
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the transformative role of creative tools in promoting inclusion and motivation within the English Language Classroom. With the increasing diversity in educational settings, it is imperative to employ methods that not only accommodate different learning styles but also promote a sense of belonging and enthusiasm for learning. Using a systematic review methodology, our paper examines various innovative pedagogical strategies, such as the Flipped Classroom model, Copilot, Google Classrooms, Flipgrid, digital storytelling, gamification, and collaborative projects which have been integrated into ESL curricula to address student inclusion, motivation, and participation. Through an analysis of empirical studies and pedagogical theories, the paper discusses the positive outcomes of these tools in terms of student motivation, participation, and overall language development. Our paper further sheds light on the significance of adopting creative approaches to teaching that align with the principles of inclusive education and learner-centered pedagogy. The paper concludes with some recommendations and directions for future research and practice.
Advancing Inclusivity, Equity, and Diversity in English Language Education: Empowering Underrepresented Students in Africa
Authors: Ojong Akem Solange , Addo Eugene Hayford
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the effects of English Medium Instruction (EMI) on African educational systems, focusing on the barriers to education that students encounter due to limited English proficiency in countries where English is not the native language. The authors employed a mixed methods approach, uncovering students' systemic challenges, particularly the high English proficiency requirements for university admissions, which risk excluding those with lower English fluency. By addressing the complex challenges that African students face with EMI, this study advocates for an educational system that respects and aids students from various linguistic backgrounds. The research emphasizes the critical role of English language skills in students’ academic success across all subjects, given the exclusive use of English for teaching. Drawing from a dataset of 36 participants, the study offers a range of pedagogical and policy recommendations to advance inclusivity, equity, and diversity in EMI settings. These recommendations include recognizing student diversity, implementing fluency-centered teaching methods, differentiated instruction, task-based and flipped classroom approaches, cultural exchange activities, the integration of bridge English courses into higher education, parental involvement, curriculum reform, focused teacher training, professional development, equitable resource allocation, bilingual education programs, controlled translanguaging adoption, and gradual policy implementation. These recommendations will help educational systems accommodate diverse linguistic backgrounds, provide essential language support, and promote a supportive academic environment. This paper contributes to the broader discussion on inclusion, equity, and diversity in second-language education, offering valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, educators, and researchers.
Some Inequalities for Differentiable Functions on a Generalization of Hermite-Hadamard Inequality with Applications
Authors: Naveedullah Hashimi  , Mohammad Khan Haidary  , Sayed Malik Haidary
Published: June 2024

The main identity of midpoint type inequalities is generalized and using this identity some composite midpoint type inequalities are estimated. Moreover, applications to some special means and some error estimates for the composite midpoint formula are discussed.
A Model for Alleviating Work Pressures and Enhancing Teachers’ Resilience
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: June 2024

Teaching is a complex task that requires knowledge of what to teach, how to teach it, and how to cope with educational challenges. To perform their duties effectively, teachers’ mental well-being and inner states are essential. This study aims to define teacher resilience, give examples of the stressors and challenges that EFL/ESL college instructors face and the factors that lead to attrition and burnout. It also aims to propose strategies for coping with negative stressors. Results of a survey with a sample of EFL/ESL college instructors at five higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia who teach language, linguistics, translation and interpreting courses to undergraduate students showed that they face intellectual, emotional, and service-related stressors and challenges that impact their well-being and effectiveness such as high workload, limited support, meeting deadlines, managing their time effectively, students’ behavior and attitudes, classroom management and health concerns, financial and economic issues, balancing their work and personal, and lack of support and recognition. In addition, some instructors complained of lack of motivation and enthusiasm, fatigue, headaches, irritability, anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating. To combat stress, mental and emotional challenges that some instructors face, this study proposes some coping strategies based on the principles of positive psychology to help foster teacher resilience, maintain a strong and effective teaching workforce, and empower educators to thrive in their profession. These coping strategies cover psychological, pedagogical, interpersonal, and pragmatic aspects such as identifying the signs of stress, prioritizing self-care and well-being, setting achievable goals, time management and organization, embracing flexibility and adaptability, adopting a positive mindset, classroom management techniques, advocating for resources and support, attending professional development workshops, building/joining a strong support network, collaborating with other colleagues to share ideas and strategies, reflecting on and assessing their teaching practices, practicing mindfulness, quick relaxation techniques, visualization, progressive muscle relaxation, deep breathing, listening to music, regulating emotional responses, and celebrating small wins. The coping strategies posed herein are described in detail.
Impact of Non-Financial Services by Listed DMBs on the Development of SMEs in Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Ibrahim Yakasai , Manko Bagudu Abba
Published: June 2024

This study examined the Impact of Non-Financial Services by listed DMBs on the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design by administration of questionnaire to a sample size of 150 drawn from the population of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) registered with CAC. Descriptive statistics, t-test and simple linear regression analysis were employed to analyze the data with the aid of SPSS. The findings of the study revealed a strong and statistically significant relationship between non-financial services and SMEs’ growth and development. Based on this, the study recommends that Deposit Money Bank (DMBs) should focus on tailoring their non-financial services to meet specific needs of different categories of MSMEs as classified by SMEDAN. There is also the need for increased awareness among SMEs regarding availability and benefits of non-financial services provided by DMBs.
منهجية صياغة المشكلة في البحث العلميّ وأخطاء الباحثين: أُنمُوذَجات من الدّراسات القرآنية
Authors: Bey Zekkoub Abdelali
Published: June 2024

The problem statement determines the value and the credibility of the scientific research since it reflects the efficiency and the novelty of the study being conducted. As a consequence, it has to be clear, concise and reflecting the depth of study. Those who have the minimum experience in academic work such as researcher, supervisor, examiner and reviewer; realise that the most common mistake that the researcher may commit before embarking on any research; is the random and careless selection of the problem statement of the research, which makes the research a repetition to previous research, lacking credibility, and vulnerable to criticism. Therefore, this research aims to establish clear rules for crafting the research problem statement and identifying its methodological errors, specifically in Qur’anic studies derived from universities’ theses. This study employs the inductive, descriptive and analytical methods. Finally, the study set a scientific methodology that has helped in formulating the problem statement professionally, then discussed the common mistakes among researchers while formulating the problem statement.ملخص البحث
تزداد قيمة البحث العلمي بزيادة قيمة مشكلته، وتنقص قيمته بنقصان قيمة مشكلته إلى درجة الانعدام، حينما تصبح المشكلة خياليّة لا واقعيّة، وغريبة لا مألوفة، وغامضة لا واضحة. ومن له أدنى تمرّس بالعمل الأكاديميّ كباحث، ومشرف، ومناقش، ومحكّم؛ يدرك أنّ أخطر ما قد يقع فيه الباحث ابتداءً؛ اختياره العشوائي لمشكلة البحث العلميّ، ما يجعل عمله اجترارًا لأفكار سابقة، وفاقدًا للمصداقيّة، وهدفًا لسهام النّقد، وسببًا للنّهي عنه والنّأي عنه؛ فيضرّه ذلك في دينه، وعلمه، وعرضه. لذا سيسعى البحث لوضع ضوابط علميّة تساعد في صياغة مشكلة البحث العلميّ، ثم بيان الأخطاء الواقعة في صياغتها، ويخصّ بذلك الدّراسات القرآنيّة من خلال نماذج من البحوث العلمية، موظّفًا المنهج الاستقرائيّ، والوصفي التحليليّ. وقد توصّل الباحث إلى وضع ضوابط علميّة تساعد في صياغة مشكلة البحث العلمي بشكل احترافيّ، ومناقشة أهم الأخطاء الشّائعة بين الباحثين أثناء صياغة المشكلة في البحث العلميّ.
Implications of Implementing Teacher Training Programs on Improving Teacher Work Performance Through IHES -Based Teaching Practices
Authors: Sabilan Sapie , Hamzah Mohd Isa , Hassan Zakiah , Sulaiman Suziana Hanini
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyse the behaviour of the Sekolah Rendah Agama (SRA) Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (JAIS) teachers in teaching and learning activities (PdP) after going through the teacher training programme based on the Integrated Holistic Education System (IHES). The study also analysed the contributions that existed regarding teachers’ ; behaviour in teaching that influenced the level of performance of SRA JAIS teachers in performing tasks. The  study employed a quantitative approach using the questionnaire form as a research instrument based on the Kirkpatrick assessment model to explain the behaviour aspects of SRA JAIS teachers in implementing PdP. The study sample consisted of 535 SRA JAIS teachers from a total population of 5,489 teachers covering nine districts in Selangor. The analysis  was performed using the SPSS Programme Version 22.0 software to provide descriptive and inferential statistics for the study. Descriptive study findings show that the mean value is high in the whole aspect of teacher behaviour in PdP. However, there are high-quality items regarding the behaviour of the teacher involving the three items. Through double regression analysis (stepwise), there is a significant correlation between  contribution and  performance among teachers in schools. The implications of this study suggest that  JAIS should provide specific training related to the teaching approach to improve the quality of teachers. In conclusion, the change in teacher behaviour from the PdP aspect has contributed to the overall level of teacher performance and needs to be improved from time to time in accordance with current educational needs and developments.
Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Potensi Korupsi di Sektor Desa Bagi 330 Desa di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Ambarwati Dewi , Assiddiq Dafis , Imron Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Desa dewasa ini merupakan subjek pembangunan yang memiliki legitimasi dalam mengatur urusan pemerintahannya sendiri yang disesuaikan dengan potensi dan karakteristik desa. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah pemahaman visi terkait pembangunan desa untuk mewujudkan desa mandiri. Namun, perwujudan desa mandiri masih menemui beberapa hambatan krusial, seperti kualitas sumber daya manusia, manajemen organisasi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang masih minim hingga masih adanya korupsi di sektor desa. Untuk itu, diperlukan sebuah kegiatan penyuluhan hukum yang berkaitan dengan edukasi korupsi bagi pemerintahan desa. Kegiatan pengabdian kegiatan ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumenep dengan melibatkan 330 Kepala Desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah menggunakan metode PAR (Participatory Action Research). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan sebagai salah satu aspek penguatan pencegahan potensi korupsi di sektor Desa. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah dirumuskannya beberapa metode partisipasi masyarakat yang dilakukan bersama perangkat desa untuk menekan korupsi melalui komitmen “zero tolerance” dalam program inisiasi Desa Antikorupsi.
Edukasi Entrepreneur Fundamental Bagi Siswa SMA N 1 Petang
Authors: Putra A. A. Gede Adi Mega , Paramitha A. A. Istri Ita , Putri I Gst. Agung Pramesti Dwi , Dwayani Ni Kadek Sri Mas
Published: June 2024

Di tengah perkembangan teknologi saat ini, telah memacu pesatnya perkembangan ekonomi lewat kewirausahaan, yang menjadi peluang bagi generasi muda. Kemampuan ini harus diajarkan sejak SMA guna membekali siswa dalam menghadapi tantangan global. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bertema "Entrepreneur Fundamental" di SMA N 1 Petang bertujuan memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang kewirausahaan kepada para siswa. Pelatihan dilaksanakan bulan April 2024 dengan peserta 37 orang dengan 4 materi. Materi satu membahas prinsip dasar kewirausahaan berbasis etika. Hasilnya, siswa terinspirasi untuk mengembangkan jiwa wirausaha, dapat memotivasi diri melalui kisah sukses pengusaha muda, dan mampu memetakan potensi usaha di lingkungan sekitar mereka. Penekanan pada etika bisnis sesuai kearifan lokal, seperti Tri Hita Karana dan Tattwam Asi, turut memperkuat integritas dan tanggung jawab mereka sebagai calon pengusaha. Dengan demikian, kegiatan ini berhasil mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi tantangan dunia usaha. Mengingat besarnya manfaat yang diperoleh, disarankan durasi pelatihan lebih banyak agar materi lebih mendalam dan komprehensif.
Pemberdayaan dan Pemanfaatan Lahan Pertanian dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Panen Masyarakat RT 36 Kelurahan Karang Joang
Authors: Hertadi Christopher Davito Prabandewa , Sulaiman Mochamad , Anwar Putri Gesan Prabawa , Margyatno Ageng , Halimah Nisa' Nur , Nugroho Syahdan , Rizaqi Aqmal , Azizah Nisa' Nur , Permadi Tio Putra , Devidhavyasa Ayumi
Published: June 2024

Kawasan RT. 36 terletak di Balikpapan Utara dengan sebagian warganya bekerja sebagai petani sayur di perkebunan. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi di RT. 36 adalah kondisi tanah yang keras dan kering. Hal ini berdampak pada terhambatnya penanaman berupa hasil panen yang menurun hingga gagal panen. Tingkat kadar air dalam tanah pada musim kemarau cenderung sangat kurang sehingga tidak mampunyai tumbuhan untuk hidup. Permasalahan itu menimbulkan penyelesaian berupa perancangan mesin penyiraman otomatis guna meningkatkan kualitas dan kadar air tanah untuk penanaman serta inovasi teknologi otomatisasi pengontrolan kondisi lahan pertanian menggunakan timer. Kondisi tanah sebelumnya mengalami kekeringan dan tanah buruk dengan kadar air 10%-20%, mikroorganisme 50% yang dapat menghambat pertanian dengan tingkatkan risiko gagal panen. Setelah menggunakan alat penyiraman otomatis dapat meningkatkan kadar air tanah 30%-50%, mikroorganisme 20%-30%, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil panen sebesar 20% di berbagai musim dan kualitas hasil panen yang lebih baik.
Pelatihan Penggunaan Euphorbia hirta untuk Pengobatan Ikan yang Terinfeksi Bakteri di Noekele
Authors: Fransira Immaria , Jasmanindar Yudiana , Djonu Asriati , Susmita Elfrida , Lembunai Theofilia Hermana , Emba Monika Karnini , Bony Yohanes Anggi , Nggadu Jefrianus , Nifu Marlon , Salosso Yuliana
Published: June 2024

Infeksi bakteri merupakan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi oleh pembudidaya di Noekele. Pengobatan ikan yang terinfeksi bakteri selama ini lebih banyak menggunakan antibiotik, yang dapat mengakibatkan resistensi pada ikan. Alternatif yang dilakukan adalah dengan penggunaan bahan alami, salah satunya dengan Euphorbia hirta atau patikan kerbau. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pelatihan terkait penggunaan E. hirta untuk pengobatan ikan pada pembudidaya di Noekele. Tujuan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pembudidaya di Noekele terkait penggunaan E. hirta pada pengobatan ikan yang terinfeksi bakteri. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pelatihan ini adalah ceramah, demonstrasi, dan diskusi. Hasil kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat antusias yang tinggi dengan terlihatnya keaktifan yang tinggi pada saat kegiatan berlangsung. Pelatihan ini memberikan pengetahuan tambahan serta keterampilan terkait cara pembuatan ekstrak rebusan E. hirta dan pengaplikasiannya yang sederhana, sangat efesien untuk dilakukan oleh pembudidaya. Pelatihan seperti ini diharapkan tetap berlanjut pada kelompok pembudidaya yang lainnya.
Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Upaya Deteksi Dini Ibu Hamil Resiko Tinggi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Sungai Duren
Authors: Mutmainnah Muthia , Sari Putri Irwanti , Sari Yulia Indah Permata
Published: June 2024

Deteksi kehamilan dini penting dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi ibu hamil yang mempunyai faktor risiko dan komplikasi obstetri. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan meningkatkan pengetahuan kader kesehatan tentang kehamilan risiko tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan praktik langsung. Pelaksanaan pengabdian di Aula Puskesmas. Peserta kegiatan adalah kader puskesmas yang berjumlah 36 peserta. Kegiatan berlangsung lancar dan peserta tampak antusias. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan karakteristik usia kader kategori dewasa awal sebanyak 18 (50%). Setelah dilakukan evaluasi sebagian besar pengetahuan kader mengalami peningkatan mengenai deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi dari sebelum diberikan edukasi. Setelah dilaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat ini, diharapkan kader dapat berperan aktif dalam melakukan deteksi dini dengan didukung oleh tenaga Kesehatan dalam upaya mencegah komplikasi obstetrik.
Self-assessment of Visual Acuity Using a Smartphone Application
Authors: Kim Sejung , Kim Yuhyun , Oh Minkyung , Moon Sunghyuk
Published: June 2024

Purpose: We evaluated the accuracy and usefulness of self-assessment of visual acuity (VA) using a smartphone application for Korean users and explored its potential application in screening eye diseases.Methods: In total, 52 participants aged ≥ 20 years were included in the study. Of these participants, 31 used Jin Yong-Han’s VA chart and the smartphone application to measure their distant visual acuity (DVA), whereas 21 used Han Chun-Seok’s near visual acuity chart and the application to measure their near visual acuity (NVA). The results and time required for VA measurement using both methods were compared. VA was converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for analysis. The voice recognition rate of the application for numbers 2-9 was assessed.Results: The mean NVA was 0.29 ± 0.28 using Han’s chart and 0.30 ± 0.43 using the application with no significant difference (p = 1.00). The mean DVA was 0.19 ± 5.89 using Jin's chart and 0.20 ± 0.27 using the application with no significant difference (p = 0.19). The average time spent for measuring NVA and DVA was 19 seconds (s) using Han’s and Jin's charts, whereas it was 42 and 38 s for measuring NVA and DVA using the application. The voice recognition rate of the application was 87% on average for numbers 2-9, with the highest rate for number 7 (79%) and the lowest rate for number 4 (91%).Conclusions: Self-assessment of VA using a smartphone application exhibited similar results to conventional VA measurement methods. Although the measurement time varied, DVA and NVA could be measured at home using a smartphone, and would be particularly useful for those who have difficulty visiting a hospital.
Exudative Retinal Detachment after Pembrolizumab Treatment in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Lee So Hyeon , Choi Yoon Seok , Kim Jin Young , Kim Yu Min , Do Jae Rock , Kang Yong Koo , Park Dong Ho , Shin Jae Pil
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To report a case of exudative retinal detachment after using pembrolizumab in a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma.Case summary: A 67-year-old woman, diagnosed with malignant melanoma of the right thumb and axillary metastasis, presented with bilateral visual disturbance 3 days after adjuvant chemotherapy with pembrolizumab. Her best corrected visual acuity was 0.2 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left, while the intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg in both eyes. Fundus examination showed serous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment in the right eye, as well as a chorioretinal folding in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed exudative retinal detachment and choroidal detachment in the right eye, along with choroidal folding in both eyes. The pembrolizumab was stopped immediately, and the patient began treatment with systemic and topical steroids. After 1 month, the visual acuity improved and there was no exudative retinal detachment or choroidal detachment. However, 3 weeks later, exudative retinal detachment recurred in both eyes. The patient started treatment with oral steroids and cyclosporine, which resulted in the resolution of the exudative retinal detachment after 1 month.Conclusions: Exudative retinal detachment may occur as a side effect of pembrolizumab treatment. Therefore, a differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ocular side effects are necessary.
A Case of Ocular Sarcoidosis with an Atypical Presentation of Subretinal Mass
Authors: Kim Jung Soo , Kwak Hyun Duck
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To describe a case of ocular sarcoidosis manifesting as an atypical subretinal mass.Case summary: A 59-year-old woman reported reduced visual acuity in her left eye lasting for 1 month. Her best corrected visual acuity in the left eye had diminished to 0.3. A fundus examination revealed a whitish elevated lesion, approximately one disc diameter in size, in the perimacular area of the left eye. Optical coherence tomography identified a hyporeflective oval-shaped mass in the choriocapillaris region accompanied by subretinal fluid. Initial assessment suggested choroidal osteoma with choroidal neovascularization. Consequently, the patient underwent two intravitreal bevacizumab injections, which did not lead to improvement. To rule out systemic diseases, including syphilis, tuberculosis, and sarcoidosis, further radiologic and laboratory tests were conducted. A chest computed tomography highlighted mediastinal lymph node enlargement and pervasive nodules in both lung parenchymata, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were elevated to 77 U/L. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed, and the patient commenced treatment with oral prednisolone. Eight weeks after treatment, the subretinal lesion and fluid had resolved, and the best corrected visual acuity in the patient’s left eye had improved to 0.9.Conclusions: Ocular sarcoidosis can manifest as a subretinal mass. This presentation should be differentiated from other subretinal lesions.
Legal Protection For Unauthorized Copying Of Songs On Digital Platforms Through Audio Watermarking Method
Authors: Baisuni Hasan , Djulaeka Djulaeka , Mohammad Ali Sajjad
Published: June 2024

The objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the Copyright Law in safeguarding digital songs with audio watermarking from illegal duplication, and to analyze the legal responsibilities of those who duplicate songs on digital platforms using such methods under the Copyright Law. The research methodology employed is normative juridical, focusing on the internal aspects of positive law and utilizing literature sources like journals, books, case law, and relevant legislative materials, particularly Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright. Legal materials are gathered through a literature review as a secondary data source, along with descriptive analysis to elucidate the legal implications concerning copyright protection in the digital age. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of advanced and effective audio watermarking technology in addressing the challenges of copyright protection in the digital era. The research results highlight the importance of copyright protection in the music industry in the digital era. Audio watermarking methods are used to insert data into digital content to protect content ownership and identify copyright holders. There are efforts to overcome the challenges in preventing illegal acquisition of copyrighted content by utilising watermarking technology. It can thus be concluded that despite efforts made to regulate the digital marketplace and improve legal standards, illegal distribution of material is still quite rampant. YouTube is cited as an effective platform in protecting intellectual property rights by successfully addressing the issue of copyright infringement by removing infringing content.
Structure of Manganese Chloride and Threonine Crystals Formed by Slow Vaporization Method
Authors: Abdullaeva Zh. , Dzhumaeva Zh.
Published: June 2024

Crystals of complex compounds are used in technology, optics, medicine, pharmacy, surface treatment, etc. The study of the crystal structure of complex compounds is important because they are widely used in industry and exhibit mechanical, thermal and a number of other valuable properties. Study of the crystal structure of complex compound of manganese chloride with the amino acid threonine, as well as the study of its physicochemical and biological properties. For the synthesis of complex compound, the method of slow evaporation was used. The composition of the formed crystals of the compound was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic structural analyses. the structure of the complex compound MnСl2×C4H9NO3manganese chloride and the amino acid threonine was studied. As a result of the study, it was established that the crystal structure of the compound MnСl2×C4H9NO3belongs to the orthorhombic system with space symmetry P212121.
Comparative Examination of Phytochemical Composition of Satureja L. in the Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Suleymanova Sh.
Published: June 2024

Data are presented on the biomorphoecological characteristics, comparative phytochemical composition, distribution, pharmacological effects, and the possibility of use in scientific and folk medicine of species belonging to the genus Satureja L. of the genus LamiaceaeLindl. The object of study are 2 species common in the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan: Satureja macrantha C. A. Mey. (large-flowered savory) and Satureja hortensis L. (garden savory). The current state of populations of large-flowered and garden mint species has been studied, and environmental changes have been identified. To carry out the chemical composition, plants of these species were dried, crushed and prepared for analysis in the laboratory under standard conditions. The oil was extracted and analyzed by hydrodistillation (Ginsberg). The resulting oil was analyzed on a chromatographic installation Crystal 2000 M. Essential oils were isolated and analyzed. The substances under study are used in medicine.
Taxonomic Analysis of the Cirsium Mill. Genus in Flora of Azerbaijan
Authors: Fatdayeva A.
Published: June 2024

The main goal was a systematic analysis of the Cirsium Mill. genus (Asteraceae) in flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, comparatively morphological, ecological and other methods were used. In addition, materials stored in the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of Ministry of Science and Education, Republic of Azerbaijan were studied related to this genus. As a result of the research, it was established that 31 species of the genus Cirsium Mill. are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan.
Life Forms and Architectural Models of Some Species of Campanula Subgenus (Campanula L., Campanulaceae)
Authors: Akbarova A. , Salimov R.
Published: June 2024

Campanula L. is the largest genus of Campanulaceae family and comprises about 400 (as well as 110 species in Caucasus and 46 species in Azerbaijan flora) herbaceous perennial, sometimes annual and biennial monocarp species distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Most of Campanula species are cosmopolitan. The species of this genus have long been used in the national economy, primarily as decorative plants, but also as pollinator, melliferous, food and medicinal plants. The genus Campanula L. yet does not have a modern taxonomic classification, although many species are of high horticultural value, and many are rare and endangered. The only monograph was published by A. de Candolle (1830). The final systematic composition of the genus was given in Flora of the Caucasus by M. E. Oganesian and V. V. Shvanova (2008). Representatives of this genus grows in various environmental conditions: forests, meadows, rocks and rarely in deserts and semi — deserts. Most of them are numerous and varied in high mountains, in the subalpine and alpine belts.
Synanthropic Components of the Flora of the Absheron Peninsula
Authors: Mirzayeva Sh. , Zernov A.
Published: June 2024

Information is given about 319 synanthropic species of the flora of the Absheron Peninsula. A brief description of synanthropic species, their classification, and adaptive features is given. The species richness of various ruderal biotopes of the Absheron is described. The distribution routes of synanthropic species on the territory of the peninsula are indicated. The results of original research on the introduction of these species are presented. The result of synanthropization of vegetation cover is analyzed.
The Main Pests Are Insects and Diseases of Agricultural Crops in the South of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Teshebaeva Z.
Published: June 2024

In the south of Kyrgyzstan, the largest areas are occupied by agrocenosis of vegetable, fruit, industrial, and grain crops. The article presents the main pests and pathogens of agricultural crops in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of the research is to identify the dominant pests and diseases of agricultural crops and to find effective biological measures to combat them in the conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan. In recent years, outbreaks of mass reproduction of tomato mining moth (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)) on tomatoes, cherry slimy sawfly (Caliroa cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758)) and cherry fly (Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758)) on cherries and cherries, Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay), late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) on potatoes, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum f. cucurbitacearumPot.) on vegetables, corn moth (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796), bread beetle (Zabrus tenebrioides (Goeze, 1777)) and bug (Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881) on cereals, mite (Tetranychus urticae), aphid (Aphidoidea) and cotton scooper (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) on cotton, phytonomus (Phytonomus variabilis) on perennial grasses, winter scooper (Agrotis segetum (Denis et Schiffermüller) 1775), apple moth (Carpocapsa pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758)), apple moth (Hyponomeuta malinellus (Zeller, 1838)), unpaired silkworm (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758), curly leaves (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.), bacterial burn (Erwinia amylovora (Burrill, 1882) Winslow et al., 1920), scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter) and powdery mildew on fruit crops, epiphytotic rust diseases (Puccinia) of cereals, oatmeal (Avena fatua) and sunflowers (Barbarea vulgaris) on cereals. An overview of drugs used in crop protection systems is also given. Chemical pesticides still remain the main means of protecting agricultural crops from pests and diseases, in the future, the use of the latest technologies in plant protection, the introduction of new biological preparations into plant protection practice should be used.
Application of Remote Sensing Technologies for Nature Reserves Monitoring
Authors: Gonchar A. , Nigmatullin A. , Atnabaev A.
Published: June 2024

The scientific article is devoted to the urgent problem of conservation of natural resources and ecosystems through the effective use of information technologies, especially methods of remote sensing of the Earth. Examples of the use of Landsat 8, Sentinel-2 and Resurs-P satellite systems for monitoring the state of nature, including the detection and analysis of wildfires, are given. Attention is also paid to the use of vegetation indices, such as the normalized vegetation index, to assess the consequences of fires in nature reserves.
The Role of Remote Sensing Data in Assessing Human Impact on the Environment
Authors: Mukhametov D. , Atnabaev A. , Shaimardanov D. , Pavlova L.
Published: June 2024

The article focuses on the application of remote sensing methods to assess the impact of human activities on the environment. Emphasis is placed on the need to accurately monitor anthropogenic impacts, such as deforestation and water pollution, to maintain environmental balance. The Materials and Methods section describes passive and active sensing methods, including infrared imaging, radar sensing, and laser scanning. Passive sensing analyzes the spectral characteristics of objects, which is useful for monitoring vegetation changes, while radar sensing can detect oil spills even in adverse weather conditions. Laser sensing is used for precise measurement of terrain changes. The Results and Discussion section provides examples of practical application of these methods: analysis of deforestation in the Kirov region using Landsat 8 and 9 satellite data, and investigation of an oil spill in Novorossiysk using radar images from the Sentinel-1 satellite. These examples demonstrate the effectiveness of remote sensing for monitoring changes and identifying the negative consequences of human activities. The conclusion highlights the importance of remote sensing as a powerful tool for environmental research and monitoring.
Agrochemical Characteristics of Light-Gray-Brown Salt Characteristic Soils of the Kura Part of Azerbaijan
Authors: Alieva T. , Verdieva V. , Ismailova M. , Guluyev T.
Published: June 2024

Various methods of agrotechnical and reclamation measures related to soil salinization in the Kura-Araz lowland are considered. The focus is on deep plowing, which breaks the capillary channels of the soil, reduces evaporation and prevents further salinization. The need for proper soil cultivation before sowing and adaptation of sowing norms in saline areas to ensure optimal plant growth is highlighted. An integrated approach to improving soil fertility is described, including the application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as haymaking in the periods between irrigations. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of gypsum as a means to reduce absorbed sodium and improve soil structure, especially in areas with high salinity levels. The dosage of gypsum varies depending on the degree of soil salinity and can range from 5 to 15 t/ha. The authors emphasize that adequate water management and avoidance of over-irrigation are critical to preventing soil salinization.
Composition and Structure of Soils of the Gobustan Massif
Authors: Manafova F.
Published: June 2024

Gobustan district is located in the eastern part of Shamakhi, 101 km from Baku. The relief is abrasion rocky. The soil cover here is varied. In the eastern part of Gobustan, gray brown Solonetz soils are common, in the north-west — gray-brown soils. Soil samples were taken, and individual types of soil cover structures were determined. The discovered soil structures are mainly tree-like in nature. Mechanical analysis data show that the upper arable and subarable horizons of these soils, 0-40 and 0-50 cm deep, are characterized by a clayey-heavy loamy mechanical composition. However, in the upper horizons of these soils the content of physical clay is relatively less and amounts to 46.1-52.8%, and the amount of silt particles does not exceed 22.2-28.4%.
Redistribution of Hydrothermal Resources on Different Elements of the Microrelief of Soils in the Semi-desert Zone and Agrolandscapes under Wheat
Authors: Abbasova R. , Suleimanov N. , Alizade N.
Published: June 2024

In the semi-desert regions of Azerbaijan there are habitats with varying elevations of only a few tens of centimeters. The zonal soils on the territory of the massif are gray-brown soils. Gray-brown soils develop under ephemeral plant cover. The soil is carbonate throughout the entire profile. Below the carbonate horizon lies a layer enriched with sulfates in the form of veins of crystalline gypsum. The content of absorbed sodium in the gray-brown soils of the deluvial plain of the Siyazan-Sumgait massif is 30-50% of the number of absorbed bases in the Solonetz-Columnar soil horizon. The amount of humus in the upper layers of the soil fluctuates between 1-2%, towards the bottom it sharply decreases. In studies carried out on gray-brown soils of the Siyazan-Sumgait massif, hydrothermal potential indicators vary within the range of 426-552 m3/ha. The distribution of temperature and humidity in depth in the soil under wheat differs from the natural habitat. In the arable layer, the temperature is evenly distributed throughout the entire profile, while the humidity gradually increases in the lower layers. The influence of the hydrothermal regime on wheat yield was: 2022 — 24.0-30.0 cwt/ha; 2023 — 16.0-24.5 cwt/ha.
Analysis of Agrotechnical Care of Diospyros kaki Orchard Grown in the Sheki-Zagatala Region of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: Abdullaeva N.
Published: June 2024

The article published a study of caring for the Diospyros kaki orchard in the Sheki-Zagatala region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The development of Eastern persimmon depending on the row spacing system was studied and comparatively analyzed. The use of row spacing of green manure plants; when cultivating the row spacing of the eastern persimmon garden, we used legumes + field peas, which has a positive effect on plant growth; an increase in the number of fruits on the tree, the size and weight of the fruits was observed compared to the control. The influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the development of Diospyros kaki varieties was studied. The greatest development of 3-year-old trees was observed with the application of N50P20K35+20 tons/ha of inorganic fertilizer (manure). Our research in the conditions of the Sheki-Zagatala region showed that the location of the root system of Diospyros kaki on the surface requires frequent watering with low rates. During the growing season, good results were achieved by 5-6 times irrigation with a water norm of 350-400 m3 each time, since brown mountain-forest soil type predominates in our experimental plots. Among tree pruning methods tested, the vertical flattened form was found to be superior in both efficiency and overall yield. The influence of methods of pruning the crown of Diospyros kakion the yield of the 1st tree in all varieties increased. The Tamopan variety has the best results. Pruning trees using the free-growing method amounted to 154.0 kg, and the vertically flattened method amounted to 174.0 kg, which means an increase in yield from 1 tree by 11.5%. Our research has once again shown that, depending on the soil and climatic conditions of the region, it is necessary to carry out timely and comprehensive agrotechnical care of the orchard, as this will allow obtaining a high-quality harvest and a healthy garden.
Regularities of Distribution of Feed Plants in the Vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik Physical-Geographical Region
Authors: Mammadli T. , Ganbarov D. , Bayramov B.
Published: June 2024

Feed plants are dynamically utilized by humans. This leads to a decreasing supply of feed plants. Also, considering that feed plants are eaten by animals, it can be observed that the decrease in the supply of these crops is inevitable. For this purpose, we studied the rare species of feed plants in the vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik physiographic area where we conducted our research. The list of rare species distributed in the area is given by determining the distribution of feed plants in the area by altitudinal belts. Along with internationally recognized categories for determining the status of some important species, rare and endangered in nature, their relationship with the biome is also recorded. First of all, its past and present state in nature, its limiting factors are clarified and included in one of the relevant categories.
Development Peculiarities in Azerbaijan Apis mellifera subsp. caucasica Gorbachev, 1916
Authors: Gumbatova G.
Published: June 2024

The work provides data on the current state of beekeeping in Azerbaijan. Information on the morphology and ecology of the Caucasian bee is analyzed. The characteristics of the subspecies obtained using the morphometric program BEE2 are given. Expeditions were organized to the Ganja-Gazakh, Sheki-Zagatala and Guba-Khachmaz regions of the country, and bees were selected from apiaries. On the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the average annual productivity of a bee colony is 10-12 kg in years with favorable weather and 3-5 kg ​​in years with unfavorable weather conditions. In apiaries, due to various reasons (sowing, weakness, illness, etc.), not all bee colonies are able to reach this level. Therefore, if we carry out calculations with the average productivity limit, then the annual volume of honey production in Azerbaijan is currently about 4,000 tons.