bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Shulhai Anna-Mariia , Shulhai Oleksandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide and rises with increasing passive lifestyles and bad habits. Vitamin D metabolites are associated with cell differentiation and apoptosis and influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Both changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as a recent increase in sedentary lifestyle, contribute to metabolic syndrome development. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome criteria in overweight and obese adolescents.
Methods. The study included 196 adolescents, aged 12-17 years. 136 children with overweight and obesity and 60 children with normal body weight, which formed the control group. Auxological and biochemical parameters were studied in all children. Vitamin D status was evaluated and determined according to the International Society of Endocrinology recommendations. The criteria for metabolic syndrome were determined according to the consensus of the International Diabetes Federation.
Results. Among enrolled children predominantly was found vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency increased with increasing of body weight in adolescents, and it reached up to 74,3% in overweight and obese children. In addition to the relationship with body mass index, was found an association between increased vitamin D deficiency and increased abdominal fat, which is also a predictor of metabolic syndrome. In children with vitamin D deficiency was defined increase by 52,4% atherogenic index, as well as decreased alpha lipoprotein levels by 11,4% at vitamin D levels < 20 ng/ml, and by 25,70% at < 10 ng/ml, respectively. It was found that the level of 25(OH)D in the blood serum was inversely associated with insulin (r=-0,501; p=0,001) levels and HOMA-IR (r=-0,511; p=0,001). Adolescents with vitamin D deficiency have shown more often hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. In 49,6% of obese and overweight children, there was a combination of abdominal obesity with two or more criteria of metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions. In this study, we found low levels of vitamin D in adolescents and its association with body mass index and metabolic syndrome criteria. Vitamin D deficiency in adolescence can contribute to the development of diseases associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
THE UTILIZATION OF THE SPIKES PROTOCOL WITHIN RHEUMATOLOGY PRACTICE
Authors: Kachkovska Vladyslava
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The beginning of the patient-physician relationship often involves the delivery of bad news. The work of rheumatologists is unique in that they have to form strong relationships with their patients while delivering bad news. Many rheumatology patients stay with their doctors for their entire lives, which makes it essential to create a positive and caring experience for them. This depends on the physician's professional skills, ability to understand the patient, and engage in respectful and understandable communication when discussing complicated information. Currently, no specific recommendations exist for constructing an appropriate approach for every patient, especially in the case of rheumatology patients. This paper will adapt the SPIKES protocol for rheumatology practice.
Methods. The literature search was done via MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Search terms included “Ethics”, “Rheumatology”, “Bad news”, “SPIKES” and “Difficult patient”. These keywords were used in different combinations, using a filter box with an option for the recent 5 years. Firstly, articles’ abstracts were analyzed, and only articles that met inclusion criteria were included. Also, references from the selected articles were analyzed, except for the older publications and those irrelevant to the specific topic. Since there was not enough information for these requests, we tried to narrow the search by combining the names of various (most common) rheumatological diseases and using them along with the main purpose of the search. Then, we focused on the publications that met criteria and analyzed the sources cited in them. The 'Related Citations' function was also used in the search strategy. In the literature review process, we included 10 MEDLINE/PubMed articles, 4 Scopus articles, and 2 Google Scholar articles.
Aim. This paper analyzes utilization of the SPIKES protocol in rheumatology practice.
Results. Currently, no studies have been conducted on the utilization of these approaches in rheumatology practice. There is insufficient data regarding comparison of the effectiveness of different protocols in enhancing communication between the healthcare provider (physician or nurse) and the patient. Effective communication between physicians and patients can be achieved by following the six-step SPIKES approach, which involves specific communication skills.
Conclusion. Delivering bad news requires different approaches, but none of them have been specifically tailored for rheumatic disease patients. These patients have unique behavior patterns due to the nature of their illnesses, which can lead to a decrease in their quality of life, limited activity, and painful symptoms. As a result, they often turn to their doctors in a state of personal and mental suffering. Thus, the SPIKES protocol is a useful tool for rheumatology practice
Comparative assessment of antioxidant activity in red apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and Fig fruits (Ficus carica L.) cultivated in Nakhchivan AR, Azerbaijan
Authors: Rahimova Sura , Asadov Elsevar , Huseynova Azize
Published: October 2024

Red apricot (Prunus spp.) and Black Fig (Ficus carica L.) are two of the most commonly grown summer fruits in the Nakhchivan region. In this preliminary study, ethanol fruit extracts were compared based on their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties. According to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the TPC was found to be 176.20 mg GAE/100 g in red apricot and 45.30 mg GAE/100 g in fig. Their antioxidant capacities were assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The scavenging activity, identified as the concentration of ethanol extract needed to scavenge half of the radicals (SC50), was determined to be 3.52 mg/mL for red apricot and 6.46 mg/mL for fig. Based on these two biological activity assays, red apricot exhibited higher phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity. However, further studies are required to understand whether these differences are attributed to secondary metabolites in these fruits.
Deciphering the therapeutic actions of Brenania brieyi (Rubiaceae) fractions on oxidoinflammatory anomalies
Authors: Chukwuma Ifeoma Felicia , Apeh Victor Onukwube , Nworah Florence Nkechi , Ezeanyika Lawrence U S , Ogugua Victor Nwadiogo , Adegboyega Abayomi Emmanuel , Ogugofor Martins Obinna
Published: October 2024

A decline in the antioxidant network during the inflammatory response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. We designed this study to decipher the therapeutic efficacy of Brenania brieyi in reducing oxidative stress caused by the inflammatory response to cotton pellets. Graded doses of methanol and chloroform fractions of B. brieyi (MFBB and CFBB) and indomethacin were administered to Wistar rats for seven days after implanting sterilised cotton pellets (20 mg). Thereafter, biochemical indices of oxidative stress were determined using blood samples taken through cardiac puncture. Furthermore, molecular interactions, drug-likeness, and toxicity features of B. brieyi phytochemicals were also assessed. Compared with the untreated group, the groups treated with MFBB and CFBB had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in granuloma tissue weight and MDA levels while increasing glutathione levels, SOD, and CAT activities. In addition, a substantial increase in inflammatory-induced changes in antioxidant nutrients, together with a decline in liver enzymes, was obtained in the treated groups. The docking tests revealed that the top-scoring phytoconstituents of B. brieyi, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-octadecanoic acid interacted well with catalase, having docking scores of -6.19 and -7.58 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the hits had good oral drug-likeness features and a safe toxicity profile. The findings of the study provide evidence that B. brieyi has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it could be used as an alternative therapy to regulate oxidative stress-related diseases.
Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase levels in periodontal pockets treated with chlorhexidine and propolis
Authors: Bayırlı Ali Batuhan , Kıvrak İbrahim , Saruhan Ercan , Cantaş Türkiş Fulden
Published: October 2024

Natural antimicrobial products are attracting interest in the treatment of periodontal diseases due to their minimal or nonexistent side effects. Propolis, a complex resin content produced by bees, has drawn particular interest for its antibacterial effects, including inhibitory effects on periodontopathogenic bacterial species. This study compared the effects of propolis, a natural product, and chlorhexidine, the gold standard antimicrobial agent, on MMP-1 and MMP-9 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Subgingival irrigations of chlorhexidine and propolis solutions were performed in selected deep periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients along with scaling and root planing. The treatment protocol was administered three times at one-month intervals starting from the initial day of the study. GCF MMP-1 and MMP-9 levels, along with clinical periodontal parameters, were evaluated before and after treatment. The study results showed that a statistically significant decrease in clinical periodontal parameters in both groups (p<0.001). Biochemical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in levels of GCF MMP-1 and MMP-9 in both groups (p<0.005). Additionally, the decrease in GCF MMP-1 levels was found to be significantly greater in the propolis group compared to the chlorhexidine group (p<0.001).
General features and contact modeling of $N$-body isolated resonances near threshold
Authors: Pricoupenko Ludovic
Published: October 2024

NN-body non efimovian bound or quasi-bound states for particles with short range interactions are considered in arbitrary dimensions. The different resonance regimes near the threshold are depicted by using a generalization of the effective range approximation. This two-parameter description can be used in various contexts from ultracold to hadronic physics. The universal character of these states makes it possible a formulation in terms of a contact model. The singularity at the contact imposes the introduction of a modified scalar product to solve the normalization catastrophe and to restore the self-adjoint character of the model. An equivalence with the standard scalar product used for realistic finite range models is derived.
Planning decentralized wastewater treatment systems by comparing through TOPSIS
Authors: Thaqi Premton , Ahmedi Figene
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates 10 case studies of decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS) and compares them based on their environmental and economic performance. The aim is to identify the best treatment system composed of specific treatment processes that can be used in the future for hospitals, universities/colleges, and small communities. The comparison was conducted using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method of multiple criteria decision-making. According to the TOPSIS method, systems are ranked from 1 to 10 by normalizing and weighting the decision matrix criteria, measuring the alternative's distance from the ideal best to worst value, and then calculating the performance score of each system. The study found that the H4 system, which includes a septic tank, anaerobic baffled reactor, anaerobic filter, horizontal filter, and pond, achieved the highest performance score. Therefore, the processes of the H4 system are recommended as the best alternative for DEWATS. This study may therefore assist stakeholders on their decision to implement DEWATS in similar facilities.
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: An Exclusive Guide into Latest Research in Pharmaco-genetic Dynamics in Arab Countries
Authors: Eitan Laith AL , Khair Iliya Yacoub , Alahmad Saif
Published: October 2024

Drug metabolizing enzymes play a crucial role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
therapeutic drugs, influencing their efficacy and safety. This review explores the impact of genetic polymorphisms
in drug-metabolizing genes on drug response within Arab populations. We examine the genetic diversity
specific to Arab countries, focusing on the variations in key drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP450,
GST, and UGT families. The review highlights recent research on polymorphisms in these genes and their implications
for drug metabolism, including variations in allele frequencies and their effects on therapeutic outcomes.
Additionally, the paper discusses how these genetic variations contribute to the variability in drug response
and adverse drug reactions among individuals in Arab populations. By synthesizing current findings,
this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacogenetic landscape in Arab countries
and offer insights into personalized medicine approaches tailored to genetic profiles. The findings underscore
the importance of incorporating pharmacogenetic data into clinical practice to enhance drug efficacy and
minimize adverse effects, ultimately paving the way for more effective and individualized treatment strategies
in the region.
Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles Loaded with Docetaxel and Coated with Chitosan, Carboxymethyl Chitosan, or Glycol Chitosan
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba K. , Abu Dayah Alaa , Darweesh Ruba
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has high toxicity and
low bioavailability. To solve these problems, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with DTX
and coated with mucoadhesive polymers; chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), or
glycol chitosan(GCS). The NPs were characterized for size, charge, and polydispersity.

Method:

The particles were explored using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD. In vitro studies were
performed to evaluate the mucoadhesive properties of the NPs and the drug release. The results
validated the successful formation of spherical and monodispersed DTX NPs. The coated NPs
exhibited highly positive charges, reaching +44.30±0.21 mV, whereas the uncoated NPs were
almost neutral.

Result:

The formulations demonstrated excellent encapsulation efficiency (>98%) and loading
capacity (>45%). All polymers used in the coating process enhanced the mucoadhesive properties
of PLGA NPs and sustained DTX release. Both the mucoadhesiveness and release were
related to the used coating polymer and its concentration. The formulations were stable for up to
three months in the refrigerator.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, loading DTX in PLGA NPs and coating them with CS, CMCS, or
GCS provides a promising strategy to increase the NPs' residence time on mucosal surfaces,
which is expected to decrease the required dose of DTX and reduce its side effects.
Contribution of the Activated mTOR-STAT3 Pathway to the Pathogenesis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIIa in Pediatric Patients through Astrocyte Proliferation Mediation
Authors: Wang Jiangya , Wu Jiang , Li Yang , Lv Yuanyuan , Zhang Xinying , Kang Lin
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to detect the association between the
mTOR-STAT3 pathway and focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa (FCD IIIa) in children.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted based on 26 pediatric patients
diagnosed with FCD IIIa who underwent surgical intervention. These patients were
selected from a cohort of 157 individuals presenting with temporal lobe epilepsy. For
comparative analysis, a control group consisting of 5 children who underwent
intracranial decompression was established. Immunohistochemistry,
immunofluorescence, and western blot techniques were used to assess the expression
levels of mTOR, P-mTOR, P-70s6k, STAT3, P-STAT3, and GFAP in brain tissue
specimens obtained from the two groups.

Results:

The mTOR-STAT3 pathway exhibited activation in the FCD IIIa group (all P <
0.01). Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that cells positive for PSTAT3
were identified as astrocytes. Moreover, within the FCD IIIa group, there was a
marked elevation in the expression of the mTOR-STAT3 pathway in the hippocampus
compared to the brain cortex tissue.

Conclusion:

The mTOR-STAT3 pathway was demonstrated to be substantially
associated with FCD IIIa in pediatric patients. The activation of the mTOR-STAT3
signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of FCD IIIa in pediatric patients
by modulating the proliferation of astrocytes.
Potential Role of Benzoic Acid and its Synthetic Derivatives to Alleviate Cancer: An Up-to-Date Review
Authors: Kumar Arvind , YT Kamal , Mishra Arun K , Singh Mhaveer , Singh Harpreet , Kaushik Niranjan , Mishra Amrita
Published: October 2024

Unregulated cell division is one of the main causes of cancer. These cancerous cells negatively
impact nearby healthy cells. Cancer can occur anywhere in the body. Normal cell division
occurs when cells grow, reproduce, and divide as the body needs. As a normal cascade of cell growth
and division, when the cells get damaged, they undergo death, and normal cells develop. However,
sometimes, this process is not followed, and abnormal or damaged cells start to grow and multiply
several times more than normal. This particular process may form the basis of cancer. There is a
research gap in terms of identifying personalized synthetic anticancer therapy, which may be based
on individual patient characteristics with an aim to optimize treatment efficacy and minimize adverse
effects.

While searching for new bioactive compounds, it has been observed that organic molecules with
benzoic acid (BA) moiety possess significant anticancer potential. Several works of literature reported
the use of BA from natural or synthetic sources to synthesize bioactive chemicals. It has been
observed that several natural products also contain BA moiety, and the presence of this moiety is
considered responsible for several important biological activities. Therefore, in order to chemically
synthesize a wide variety of potent biologically active compounds, benzoic acid as a basic moiety in
the form of a scaffold can be employed. Other synthetic compounds with BA scaffolds include furosemide,
tetracaine, and bumetanide. The current article aims to focus on past and present work done
on BA derivatives and to emphasize the molecular pathways involved in cancer treatment. The future
prospects for research in this area are encouraging as researchers are striving to advance synthetic
BA derivatives. This could possibly contribute to more efficient treatments and better results for cancer
patients.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Caffeic and Ferulic Acids Involvement in the Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4
Authors: Bassalat Najlaa , Abu Naim Shahd , Barriah Waseim , Labahn Jörg , Shanak Siba , Zaid Hilal
Published: October 2024

Background:

Insulin is a key hormone in our systems. Upon binding of insulin to its receptors
in fat and muscle tissues, tens of proteins in the insulin signaling pathway are involved in
the process of GLUT4 vesicle recruitment to the Plasma Membrane (PM) and the absorption of
serum glucose. Deficits in the aforementioned pathway lead to insulin resistance and eventually to
Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective:

We appreciate the contribution of phytochemicals in the treatment of diabetes. Yet, in
vitro and in silico studies are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of the phytochemicals,
plus their action mechanisms.

Methods:

Herein, we tested two phytochemicals, caffeic acid and ferulic acid in vitro and in
silico. We shed light on the insulin signaling proteins as plausible therapeutic targets using in silico
studies, via AutoDock and SwissADME.

Results:

Results obtained in vitro indicate that Caffeic Acid (CA) increased GLUT4 translocation
at 125μM by 31% in the absence of insulin, and 24.5% in presence of insulin, when compared to
the control. Ferulic Acid (FA) was less potent as an enhancer of GLUT4 translocation. Best docking
results were found for the binding of the phytochemicals CA and FA to PDK1, AKT, IRS1
and PTEN proteins of the insulin signaling, with comparable results.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that CA and FA possess a limited anti-diabetic potency by increasing
GLUT4 trafficking to the PM in skeletal muscles. These results suggest that these compounds
are candidates for further investigation in pre-clinical and clinical stages of drug discovery.
High-dose Omega-3 Alters Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels and Affects Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Control Study
Authors: Fattah Maha A. Abdel , Morsi Shereen , Fattah Shaimaa A. , Moneim Nermeen A. , Tawfik Marwa G.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a high oral dose of omega-
3 on serum magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels and their effects on clinical measures of
pain threshold.

Methods:

One hundred twenty patients were recruited and randomized 1:1 to omega-3 or placebo
and blinded to their treatment group. At baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment, the Widespread
Pain Index (WPI), the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the
FM Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were completed. In addition, serum was taken for Ca and Mg
analysis at the same time point.

Results:

The WPI, SSS, VAS, and FIQ scores improved significantly in the omega-3 group compared
to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Serum Ca levels correlated negatively with WPI (r = -
0.308), SSS (r = -0.28), VAS (r = -0.311), and FIQ (r= -0.348) scores (P < 0.001) after 8 weeks of
treatment. Serum Mg levels were negatively correlated with SSS (r = -0.212) and VAS (r =
-0.231) scores after 8 weeks of treatment. The difference between serum Ca levels before and after
8 weeks of omega-3 treatment and serum Mg levels increased significantly compared to 8
weeks of placebo treatment.

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that a high dose of omega-3 could have a positive effect
on the relief of FM pain, which could be due to an increase in serum Mg and Ca levels.
A Review on Advancement in Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD)
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Vashitha Yogita , Jain Ashita , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Verma Sant Kumar
Published: October 2024

Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) represents a transformative methodology in pharmaceutical
development, anchored in a systematic, risk-based, and data-driven framework. This approach
optimizes analytical methods, fostering heightened product quality, efficient regulatory compliance,
and informed decision-making. The industry's increasing acceptance of AQbD principles
signifies a paradigm shift towards enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and global harmonization.
This review comprehensively explores AQbD principles, regulatory perspectives, and its applications,
particularly in analytical method development, including high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Emphasis is placed on
the symbiotic relationship between AQbD and analytical method validation (AMV), elucidating their
collective role in ensuring reliable and accurate analytical results. Integrating AQbD in method transfer,
automation, and control strategies underscores its pivotal role in achieving robust, efficient, and
compliant analytical processes. The review delves into lifecycle management and continuous improvement,
coupled with AQbD principles, ensuring sustained method reliability throughout the
pharmaceutical product lifecycle. AQbD's significant contribution to pharmaceutical lifecycle management,
optimization, and change control is explored, emphasizing its systematic, data-driven, and
risk-based approach to method development, validation, and ongoing enhancement. This review
illuminates AQbD's transformative impact on pharmaceutical analysis, aligning with industry trends
toward quality, efficiency, and regulatory compliance.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Mancozeb Pesticide Residue using Nanoceria Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles under Natural Solar Irradiation
Authors: Sani Mahadi Danjuma , Abbaraju V.D.N Kumar , Venugopal Nutulapati V.S. , Kura Nura Umar
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Excessive applications of agrochemicals to meet the high food demand
from ever-increasing populations are becoming a major issue for both health practitioners and
environmental managers. Chemicals such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate pesticide mancozeb
(MCZ) are known to have deleterious effects on the ecosystem. AIM: This study, aimed at assessing
the suitability of cerium-doped zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) for efficient degradation of MCZ
fungicide.

Method:

The photocatalysts were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with zinc nitrate
hexahydrate, cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and sodium hydroxide. The synthesized nanocomposites
were further characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (EDAX). The average crystallite size of the as-synthesized particles was found to
be 31.42 nm, with very sharp PXRD peaks revealing the pure crystal nature of the particles. The
photocatalytic degradation activity was evaluated following a series of experiments under natural
environmental conditions. The optimal conditions for the degradation of MCZ fungicide
using Ce-ZnO were found to be 10 ppm initial concentration of MCZ, 20 mg dose of the Ce-
ZnO photocatalyst, 180 minutes irradiation time, and 10-11 atmospheric UV index.

Result:

At the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency was found to be about 90% after
180 minutes. The reported photocatalytic degradation of MCZ using Ce-ZnO fits a pseudo-firstorder
kinetic model with an R2 value of 0. 9677. Similarly, the reusability of the as-synthesized
photocatalyst was evaluated and found to be active for five rounds with little change in the activity.

Conclusion:

Thus, the degradation method in the current study can be suitable for the degradation
and removal of MCZ in agricultural runoff in the field.
Isolation, Selection, and Biological Evaluation for Bacteria that Fix Nitrogen and Produce Indole-3-Acetic Acid from Paddy Soils in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Van Chi , Mai Pham Thi Tuyet , Giang Nguyen Thi , Van Hien La , Tuan Nguyen Manh , Hai Nguyen Thanh , Anh Hoang Thi Lan , Khuong Nguyen Quoc
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Background

Acidic soils are limiting the production of crops and indirectly harming the environment due to the use of nitrogen (N) chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the current study aims to isolate a promising N2-fixing candidate to solve this issue in some communes of Phu Luong District, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam.

Materials and Methods

The bacteria were isolated using the Ashby medium. The IAA generation and nitrogen fixation were assessed using spectroscopy. The selected bacteria were tested at temperatures ranging from 28°C to 42°C and pH levels of 4.0 to 9.0. As a result, the Box-Behnken model yielded a growth equation. The API kit test was used to measure the biochemical properties of the selected bacteria.

Results

The result demonstrated that there were ten nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) isolates with capacities of N2 fixation and IAA production at 2.35–24.61 and 0.00–119.13 µg/ml. Among them, the NL3 strain was the best strain. The optimum condition to grow the NL3 strain was calculated as 5.44 days at pH 7.10 and temperature of 32.18°C to reach a bacterial density of 9.77929×108 CFU/ml. In addition, the NL3 strain was identified as an Azotobacter species. The genomic analysis revealed that the genome of Azotobacter sp. NL3 was nearly 5.4 Mb long and contained 45 N2 fixation-relating genes and 7 IAA production-relating genes.

Conclusion

Not only can this study provide insight into the features of Azotobacter spp., but it also introduces a potent candidate that can improve soil health and crop yield by fixing N2 and producing IAA in order to limit the use of N chemical fertilizer for a sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the selected bacterial strain should be further tested under the local field conditions and subsequently commercialized as a biofertilizer.
Level of Depression among Health Students at Al-Quds University
Authors: Abuiram Issa , Mahmoud Al-khatib Najah
Published: October 2024

Background

Students' physical and psychological well-being, particularly with a focus on depression, is a significant public health concern.

Objective

This study aims to explore the level of depression among health students at Al-Quds University.

Methods

In this assay, a cross-sectional study using a self-reporting questionnaire was conducted. To evaluate the degree of depression among students, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used. The sample comprised 357 students from Al-Quds University in the West Bank.

Results

The results of the study showed that depression impacted 40.3% of the subjects. Of these, 32% experienced moderate to severe depression symptoms, 24% had thoughts or wishes related to suicide, and 6.7% believed that death was the answer to their issues. The findings demonstrated that there were statistically significant variations in depression based on gender, age, study year, study geographical area, place of residence, level of religiosity, and thoughts of death (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

To protect their well-being, mental health professionals should advise students to seek assistance and therapy. University administrators should assist students in learning time management and stress-reduction strategies so they can finish their assignments and fulfill other course obligations.
Applying Polynomials for Developing Post Quantum Cryptography Algorithms to Secure Online Information - An Initial Hypothesis
Authors: Hasija Taniya , Ramkumar K. R. , Singh Bhupendra , Kaur Amanpreet , Mittal Sudesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary era, a vast array of applications employs encryption techniques
to ensure the safeguarding and privacy of data. Quantum computers are expected to threaten
conventional security methods and two existing approaches, namely Shor's and Grover's
algorithms, are expediting the process of breaking both asymmetric and symmetric key
classical algorithms. The objective of this article is to explore the possibilities of creating a
new polynomial based encryption algorithm that can be both classically and quantum safe.
Polynomial reconstruction problem is considered as a nondeterministic polynomial time hard
problem (NP hard), and the degree of the polynomials provide the usage of scalable key
lengths. The primary contribution of this study is the proposal of a novel encryption and
decryption technique that employs polynomials and various polynomial interpolations,
specifically designed for optimal performance in the context of a block cipher. This study also
explores various root convergence techniques and provides algorithmic insights, working
principles and the implementation of these techniques, which can potentially be utilized in the
design of a proposed block-cipher symmetric cryptography algorithm. From the
implementation, comparison and analysis of Durand Kernal, Laguerre and Aberth Ehrlich
methods, it is evident that Laguerre method is performing better than other root finding
approaches. The present study introduces a novel approach in the field of polynomial-based
cryptography algorithms within the floating-point domain, thereby offering a promising
solution for enhancing the security of future communication systems.
Nasal Vaccine: A Special Prominence on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chattopadhyay Souvik , Nag Mrinmoy , Bora Rinchi , Maity Subhas Chandra , Mishra Debangshu , Biswas Souvik , Bhattacharyya Subhra Prakash , Pal Radheshyam , Alam Faruk
Published: October 2024

Nasal administration of mucosal medications and vaccines is an alternate and promising
method of drug and vaccine delivery. Mucosal pathways can be used selectively for various disorders
due to many benefits. Many initiatives are now being made to yield effective
medications and cutting-edge nasal delivery systems. The structure of the nasal cavity and key
features were discussed in this review. With a focus on vaccine distribution, the benefits, successes,
and difficulties of using the nasal route for medical purposes were examined. The strong result supports
the benefits and security, of the safety of nasal medication and vaccination administration. This
alternate path may help many unmet medical needs and may also make big vaccination drives or
expensive, protracted chronic therapies possible. Today, despite some lingering criticism, the area of
nasal medicine and vaccine delivery is expanding quickly, supported by recent advancements in
nanotechnology, imaging, and administration devices. The variety of drugs that have been licensed
for nasal delivery is expected to increase significantly.
Assessment and Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Manvi , George Prince P. , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit , Raj Rojin G.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Incidences of adverse drug reactions were reported through spontane-ous reporting at an ADR monitoring unit in a tertiary care hospital.

Aims:

This study was conducted to describe the distribution pattern of adverse drug reaction (ADR).

Objective:

The objective of this study was to monitor and report the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring in a tertiary care hospital and to evaluate the incidence, causality, severity, and preventability of adverse drug reactions.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Punjab for 6 months. All patients admitted to the hospital above 18 years of age were included in the study.

Results:

A total of 103 ADRs were observed over the study period of 6 months. The majority of them were females (60), comprising of 58.25%. The therapeutic class of drug associated with most of the ADRs was antibiotics 18 (17.5%). Maximum number of ADRs occurred in the gen-eral medicine ward with frequency of 27 (26.2%) and were of type b 58 (56.3%). Causality was assessed using the Naranjo scale, and most of the ADRs came out to be probable 64 (62.1%) in nature. Severity was assessed using Hartwig’s severity assessment scale, and most of the cases, 66 (64.1%), were moderate in intensity. ADR preventability was assessed using the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, and it was observed that most of the cases, 82 (79.6%), were not preventable.

Conclusion:

This study seeks to strengthen the ADR database through analysis of spontaneous reporting patterns of ADRs from various clinical departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital, thereby increasing awareness and improving the reporting culture among health care practition-ers. It can be concluded that continuous medication monitoring and a well-organized and com-mitted pharmacovigilance system led by a clinical pharmacist in a hospital setting would un-doubtedly lower the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
Chrysophanol: A Promising Agent in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Singh Radhika , Sharma Akhil , Devi Sushma
Published: October 2024

Chrysophanol, a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound found in various
plants, fungi, and lichens, has garnered increasing attention for its potential therapeutic benefits,
particularly in the context of inflammation-related disorders. This review aims to provide a
comprehensive overview of the anti-inflammatory properties of chrysophanol and its potential
as a therapeutic agent for intervention in inflammatory conditions. In this review, the current
understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of
Chrysophanol, including its modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-
κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, Nrf2, and other NLRP3 inflammasomes. Additionally, we discuss the
evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies supporting the anti-inflammatory efficacy of
chrysophanol in various experimental models of inflammation, including various inflammatory
diseases. Furthermore, we explore the pharmacokinetic profile of Chrysophanol and other
nanoformulations to understand its therapeutic potential. Overall, accumulating evidence suggests
that chrysophanol holds promise as a novel therapeutic candidate for the management of
inflammatory disorders, warranting further investigation and clinical translation.
Da Rejeição Total à Atração Fatal: O Estranho Caso do Retrato Judiciário (‘Mugshot’) nos Setores da Ciência, da Filosofia e da Arte
Authors: Sá Leonor
Published: October 2024

From Total Rejection to Fatal Attraction: The Strange Case of Mugshots in Science, Philosophy and Art.The ways science, philosophy and art have dealt for almost two hundred years with ‘mugshots’ (American designation nowadays globally used for judiciary portraits with criminal identification purposes) are often paradoxical and/or deeply emotional and extreme, ranging from total rejection or absolute oblivion to strong fascination and almost fatal attraction. This paper starts by retrospectively identifying and shortly analysing the main approaches of science to mugshots (especially anthropology, criminology and medicine) since their advent in the second half of the 19th century, simultaneously focusing on the evolution of the historical, political and social contexts of this approach until contemporary times. The referred evolution is then used to approach the second scrutinized sector, i. e. analysing (the role of) mugshots in philosophical terms and as bio-political instruments of power in the same period Finally yet importantly, the article emphasizes the way the ‘mugshots theme’ eventually fascinated major artists in the 20th and 21st centuries and how its dissemination and popularity exponentially grew through the 20th and 21st century media explosion, namely TV and social networks.
Co-Designing a Conversational Agent With Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Age in Place: Qualitative Study
Authors: Wegener Emilie Kauffeldt , M Bergschöld Jenny , Kramer Tina , Schmidt Camilla Wong , Borgnakke Karen
Published: October 2024

Background

As a reaction to the global demographic increase in older adults (aged 60+ years), policy makers call for initiatives to enable healthy aging. This includes a focus on person-centered care and access to long-term care for older adults, such as developing different services and digital health technologies. This can enable patients to engage in their health and reduce the burden on the health care systems and health care professionals. The European Union project Smart Inclusive Living Environments (SMILE) focuses on well-being and aging in place using new digital health technologies. The novelty of the SMILE project is the use of a cocreational approach focused on the needs and preferences of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in technology development, to enhance access, adaptation, and usability and to reduce stigma.

Objective

The study aimed to describe the perspective, needs, and preferences of older adults living with COPD in the context of the design and development of a conversational agent.

Methods

This study carried out a data-driven thematic analysis of interview data from 11 cocreation workshops with 33 older adults living with COPD.

Results

The three particular features that the workshop participants wanted to implement in a new technology were (1) a “my health” function, to use technology to manage and learn more about their condition; (2) a “daily activities” function, including an overview and information about social and physical activities in their local area; and (3) a “sleep” function, to manage circadian rhythm and enhance sleep quality, for example, through online video guides. In total, 2 overarching themes were identified for the 3 functions: measurements, which were actively discussed and received mixed interest among the participants, and health literacy, due to an overall interest in learning more about their condition in relation to everyday life.

Conclusions

The future design of digital health technology must embrace the complexities of the everyday life of an older adult living with COPD and cater to their needs and preferences. Measurements should be optional and personalized, and digital solutions should be used as a supplement to health care professionals, not as substitute.
Changes in Reproductive Health Information-Seeking Behaviors After the Dobbs Decision: Systematic Search of the Wikimedia Database
Authors: Lemieux Mackenzie , Zhou Cyrus , Cary Caroline , Kelly Jeannie
Published: October 2024

Background

After the US Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, confusion followed regarding the legality of abortion in different states across the country. Recent studies found increased Google searches for abortion-related terms in restricted states after the Dobbsv. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision was leaked. As patients and providers use Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation) as a predominant medical information source, we hypothesized that changes in reproductive health information-seeking behavior could be better understood by examining Wikipedia article traffic.

Objective

This study aimed to examine trends in Wikipedia usage for abortion and contraception information before and after the Dobbs decision.

Methods

Page views of abortion- and contraception-related Wikipedia pages were scraped. Temporal changes in page views before and after the Dobbs decision were then analyzed to explore changes in baseline views, differences in views for abortion-related information in states with restrictive abortion laws versus nonrestrictive states, and viewer trends on contraception-related pages.

Results

Wikipedia articles related to abortion topics had significantly increased page views following the leaked and final Dobbs decision. There was a 103-fold increase in the page views for the Wikipedia article Roe v. Wade following the Dobbs decision leak (mean 372,654, SD 135,478 vs mean 3614, SD 248; P<.001) and a 67-fold increase in page views following the release of the final Dobbs decision (mean 8942, SD 402 vs mean 595,871, SD 178,649; P<.001). Articles about abortion in the most restrictive states had a greater increase in page views (mean 40.6, SD 12.7; 18/51, 35% states) than articles about abortion in states with some restrictions or protections (mean 26.8, SD 7.3; 24/51, 47% states; P<.001) and in the most protective states (mean 20.6, SD 5.7; 8/51, 16% states; P<.001). Finally, views to pages about common contraceptive methods significantly increased after the Dobbs decision. “Vasectomy” page views increased by 183% (P<.001), “IUD” (intrauterine device) page views increased by 80% (P<.001), “Combined oral contraceptive pill” page views increased by 24% (P<.001), “Emergency Contraception” page views increased by 224% (P<.001), and “Tubal ligation” page views increased by 92% (P<.001).

Conclusions

People sought information on Wikipedia about abortion and contraception at increased rates after the Dobbs decision. Increased traffic to abortion-related Wikipedia articles correlated to the restrictiveness of state abortion policies. Increased interest in contraception-related pages reflects the increased demand for contraceptives observed after the Dobbs decision. Our work positions Wikipedia as an important source of reproductive health information and demands increased attention to maintain and improve Wikipedia as a reliable source of health information after the Dobbs decision.
Modern Features of Radioactive Substance Content Dynamics Simulation in Multi-walled Stores
Authors: Kalach A. V. , Zaytseva M. A.
Published: October 2024

The world’s sustainable development of nuclear power engineering during last decades resulted in large number of radioactive wastes. Currently, each state having nuclear power engineering systems in possession, utilizes the concept of geological disposal as a long-term strategy of radioactive wastes treatment that requires continuous advancements in methods and means due to wastes and standards of radiation monitoring stringency. The article considers the features of radioactive substance content dynamics simulation for single- and multi-walled solid radioactive waste stores, being the product of uranium production, represented by one-dimensional equations and the second and first order sets of equations. The potentials of the existing models, that take into account complex interactions between radionuclides and environment along with possible sources of pollution and mechanisms of radioactive substance transfer, were reviewed. The data availability of temporary radionuclide content evolution inside the store to assess possible effect on environment and people based on the results of mathematical modelling of the considered numerical expressions was emphasized. It was shown, that current models allow analysing and predicting transfer of radionuclide solutions and other substances due to finding solution to contemporary scientific engineering and environmental problems. It was noted, that nowadays there is no model providing forecast of radionuclide content spatial and temporal variations within various store layers to study the accumulated radioactive wastes revealing the mechanisms of their formation, to analyse the features of their distribution, to determine the areas of their active concentration and to define the radionuclide migration activity during storage.
Ways to Organize and Identify Steganographic Channels in IP Networks
Authors: Karintsev A. A. , Ardashev D. V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to an overview of network steganography methods that can be used to build hidden message transmission channels in IP networks, as well as methods aimed at identifying such hidden channels. The article gives the concept of a stegocontainer, and provides classification of network steganography methods. The article discusses the following methods of organizing hidden channels: the method of changing the contents of network packet headers, the Transcoding Steganography (TranSteg) method, the delay modulation method, the Lost Audio Packet Steganography (LACK) method, the Retransmission Steganography (RSTEG) method. In the review of the method of changing the contents of network packet headers, the principle of implementing changes in values in some service fields of IP (Internet Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) packet headers, which do not lead to data transmission failure, are considered. In the overview of the TranSteg method, the principle of transcoding the contents of network packets delivering real-time traffic is considered in order to free up space in the packet, which will be used to transmit hidden information. In the review of the delay modulation method, the principles of hidden message encoding are considered, which is carried out by changing the delay value of sending packets in the network. In the review of the LACK method, the mechanism of deliberate retention of RTP packets with an embedded steganographic message is considered. In the review of the RSTEG method, the principle of TCP segment exchange is considered, which provides the possibility of transmitting a steganogram. A number of parameters are given by which it is possible to conclude that there is a hidden channel in the network. The applicability of statistical methods and the methods with a classifier for detecting hidden channels in IP networks is considered. The expediency of implementing statistical methods and methods with a classifier in integration with systems for capturing and analyzing network traffic is indicated.