bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the impact of reflective teaching on EFL learners autonomy and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Fallah Elahe , Abdolrezapour Parisa
Published: January 2016

This study has sought to explore the effect of reflective teaching on learner autonomy and the intrinsic motivation of Iranian upper-intermediate female learners. The subjects included 60 adult upper-intermediate EFL learners chosen out of ninety, based on the scores obtained through administration of the TOEFL exam. They were randomly assigned to two groups: a) the experimental group - taught by a reflective teacher - and b) the control group instructed by an unreflective teacher. The motivation questionnaire and the autonomy questionnaire were administered to both groups to make sure that the two groups were not significantly different in terms of the level of motivation and autonomy. The experimental group was then taught by the reflective teacher and the control group was taught by the unreflective teacher who adopted no tangible reflective actions. Finally, both groups sat for motivation and autonomy questionnaires. The results indicate that reflective teaching leads to the enhancement of both learners’ autonomy and the intrinsic motivation level. Keywords: reflective teaching, intrinsic motivation, learner autonomy.
PERJANJIAN BAKU MENURUT PRINSIP SYARIAH (Tinjauan Yuridis Praktik Pembiayaan di Perbankan Syariah)
Authors: Fidhayanti Dwi
Published: January 2016

Nowadays many economic transactions conducted through the bank. In Indonesia, the banks can be divided into two, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks. The development of financing in Islamic banks illustrates that this product enjoyed by many people. To that end, the Islamic banking is necessary to a healthy financial services and in accordance with Islamic principles. This paper aims to assess How raw agreement according to Islamic principles and what the legal consequences of raw agreement on financing in Islamic banking for the parties. This paper uses the type of normative research to conduct legal interpretation of the material to obtain a solution to the problem. Results and discussion shows that raw raw agreement has been made legally, but do not pay attention to one of the Islamic principles set out in the acceptance of products and product distribution of funds in Islamic banking, the balance (tawâzun). Standard contract after an analysis according to Islamic principles, including the damaged or imperfect agreement because the agreement has been made legally, but there is one principle which is not fulfilled then make the agreement unenforceable. imperfect agreement did not result in legal consequences for the parties
PERSEPSI PELAKU KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP UU PKDRT NO 23 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah , Adicahya Akmal
Published: January 2016

The Domestic Violence Act of Indonesia has been applied for 10 years. However, it seems this act does not reduce significantly the practice of domestic violence. Lawrence Friedman emphasizes that there is legal culture that influences legal system. It means that the acceptance of citizen influences the quality of legal system. This research shows that the offenders of domestic violence accept the regulation. Moreover, they consider this regulation as good act to implement. However, there are several factors that make them still practice violence toward their family. Less knowledge, public acceptance and psychological condition contribute to the level of obedience before the law. Therefore, citizens need a good and massive socialization from government about this regulation.
ALIRAN SESAT DAN GERAKAN BARU KEAGAMAAN (Perspektif UU PNPS No. 1 Tahun 1965 dan Hak Asasi Manusia)
Authors: Sumbulah Umi
Published: January 2016

One typology of new religious movements in Indonesia based on the essence of teachings was the group which was considered heretical by the competent authorities, namely the Kingdom of God which led by Lia Aminuddin and al -Qiyadah al-Islamiyah led by Ahmad Moshadeq. Under Act No. PNPS 1 In 1965, the two groups were assessed deviant and criminal breaking so that the perpetrator was sentenced to a maximum of 5 years in prison. Considering the provisions contained in the ICCPR which has been ratified by Indonesia, where the law is contrary to the values of human rights which have been adopted in the constitution and legislation that produced the Reform Era. Legislation which is a product of the Old Order law has been used by New Order for restrictions and co-optation to the development of religious freedom and belief in Indonesia.
THE ROLE OF CONTACT IN REDUCING SOCIAL DISTANCE OF YOUTH FROM THE BALKANS TOWARDS MINORITY GROUPS
Authors: Milošević Đorđević Jasna
Published: January 2016

Research on intergroup relations in the Balkans typically reveals low trust and high prejudice, even in the young generation born after the conflicts in the 1990s. The intergroup contact is documented to be an efficient means for prejudice reduction, and it is expected to work through enhancing perceived out-group heterogeneity. A total of 1046 young people aged 13 to 18 from five Balkan countries (Serbia, Montenegro, FYRoM, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo) were interviewed for the research. We registered their attitudes towards five minority groups: a dominant ethnic minority in the country, Roma population, gays/lesbians, and very poor and physically disabled people. We also registered their contacts with the out-group members and perceived heterogeneity of all five groups.Data showed the similar pattern of social distance in all five Balkan countries: it was the highest towards gays and lesbians, followed by ethnic minorities and Roma population, whilst it was the lowest towards physically disabled and very poor people. However, the young people from Kosovo consistently reported somewhat higher distance towards all five groups. As expected, a path analysis revealed that more contacts with the out-groups led to a lower social distance both directly and indirectly, mediated by perceived out-group heterogeneity. We also registered a positive relation between ethnic identification and distance towards minority out-groups.This research highlights the importance of fostering different types of intergroup contacts. It also suggests that it would be more informative if we broadened its scope, and investigate both ethnic, and other social groups, especially different types of stigmatized minorities.
The Greening of Work: How Green Is Green Enough?
Authors: Räikkönen Timo
Published: January 2016

Today's constantly deepening environmental problems have brought about the need to remold current work cultures along the lines of green thinking. However, profound differences still prevail between the different strands of green thought and practice with regard to the greening of work. The main purpose of this paper is to look in more detail at the arguments and implications of two differing positions, namely `environmentalism´ and `ecologism´. The ideas of corporate social responsibility, green jobs, and downshifting are chosen as objects for closer scrutiny. A critical examination of these contemporary discourses leads to the conclusion that at least so far, they all remain within the confines of environmentalism: no radical changes are presupposed in the current ways of working or in our relationship with the non-human world. Viewed from the perspective of ecologism, the studied greening efforts remain too reformist and anthropocentric to be capable of making work truly `green´.
Tectonic evolution of Les Saintes archipelago (Guadeloupe, French West Indies): relation with the Lesser Antilles arc system
Authors: Chrystèle Verati , Mazabraud Yves , Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Corsini Michel , Schneider Dorian , Voitus Emile , Zami Fabienne
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we provide the first structural map of Les Saintes archipelago (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles). The finite strain pattern displays four families of fault systems characterized by their statistical structural orientations: N000-N020, N050-N070, N090-N110 and N130-N140 trending fault systems. Our onshore results thus underline a fault network much more complex than the one depicted by the previous offshore geophysical investigations around Les Saintes archipelago, which show only N120-N150 trending system. According to the available K-Ar dating of the volcanic rocks and the relative chronology of the faults defined in the field, we determine the deformation history in Les Saintes islands since the last 3 Ma. The four highlighted trending fault systems are already active since the Pliocene and are consistent with the present-day extensional tectonics in the Guadeloupe archipelago compatible with the reactivation of inherited structures at the active arc scale. We interpret the tectonic evolution of Les Saintes islands as the result of interplay between subduction of aseismic ridges (Tiburon and Barracuda ridges) and oblique convergence. Furthermore, we recognized an exhumed geothermal paleo-system in Terre-de-Haut island which is a good analogue of the present-day active Bouillante geothermal system. Its duration is estimated at 400 k.y. during the Pliocene.
Early Middle Palaeolithic occupations at Ventalaperra cave (Cantabrian Region, Northern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Rios-Garaizar Joseba
Published: January 2016

The Middle Paleolithic assemblage from Ventalaperra level III, excavated in 1931 by Aranzadi and Barandiarán, was initially interpreted as being Aurignacian, and then as a Late Middle Paleolithic assemblage. Recent excavations at the site undertaken by Ruiz Idarraga and d'Errico have confirmed the Middle Paleolithic attribution, and have additionally produced data on subsistence strategies and environmental conditions. The results obtained from the technological analysis made on level III’s assemblage suggest that its characteristics fit with an Early Middle Paleolithic attribution. The extensive use of local raw materials, the absence of ramified productions, and the use of centripetal (Levallois and Discoid) and SSDA flaking systems, link this assemblage with sites like Arlanpe and Lezetxiki VI which have been dated to the end of the Middle Pleistocene, or nearby sites such as Abrigo Rojo, still under study. This reveals a behavioral pattern for Early Middle Paleolithic populations in the eastern Cantabrian Region characterized by an extensive use of the landscape, high mobility, short occupations and a high dependence on local resources to assure subsistence and technological provisioning.
Credit Derivatives and Analyst Behavior
Authors: Batta George Eli , Qiu Jiaping , Yu Fan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the role of credit default swaps (CDS) in information production surrounding earnings announcements. First, we demonstrate that the strength of CDS price discovery prior to earnings announcements is related to the presence of private information and the illiquidity of the underlying corporate bonds, consistent with the CDS market being a preferred venue for informed trading. Next, we ask how the information revealed through CDS trading influences the output of equity and credit rating analysts. We find that post-CDS trading, the dispersion and error of earnings per share forecasts are generally reduced, and downgrades by both types of analysts become more frequent and more timely before large negative earnings surprises, suggesting that the CDS market conveys information valuable to financial analysts.
Stress Response Leading to Resistance in Glioblastoma—The Need for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT) Concepts
Authors: Combs Stephanie , Schmid Thomas , Vaupel Peter , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: January 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. In spite of multimodal therapy concepts, consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival, merely 15–18 months, is still poor. Mechanisms for resistance of GBM to radio(chemo)therapy are not fully understood yet and due to the genetic heterogeneity within the tumor including radiation-resistant tumor stem cells, there are several factors leading to therapy failure. Recent research revealed that, hypoxia during radiation and miRNAs may adversely affect the therapeutic response to radiotherapy. Further molecular alterations and prognostic markers like the DNA-repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), anti-apoptotic molecular chaperones, and/or the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) have also been identified to play a role in the sensitivity to cytostatic agents. Latest approaches in the field of radiotherapy to use particle irradiation or dose escalation strategies including modern molecular imaging, however, need further evaluation with regard to long-term outcome. In this review we focus on current information about the mechanisms and markers that mediate resistance to radio(chemo)therapy, and discuss the opportunities of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT) concepts to improve treatment options for GBM patients.
Enhanced Predictive Current Control of Three-Phase Grid-Tied Reversible Converters with Improved Switching Patterns
Authors: Song Zhanfeng , Tian Yanjun , Chen Zhe , Hu Yanting
Published: January 2016

A predictive current control strategy can realize flexible regulation of three-phase grid-tied converters based on system behaviour prediction and cost function minimization. However, when the predictive current control strategy with conventional switching patterns is adopted, the predicted duration time for voltage vectors turns out to be negative in some cases, especially under the conditions of bidirectional power flows and transient situations, leading to system performance deteriorations. This paper aims to clarify the real reason for this phenomenon under bidirectional power flows, i.e., rectifier mode and inverter mode, and, furthermore, seeks to propose effective solutions. A detailed analysis of instantaneous current variations under different conditions was conducted. An enhanced predictive current control strategy with improved switching patterns was then proposed. An experimental platform was built based on a commercial converter produced by Danfoss, and moreover, relative experiments were carried out, confirming the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pros and Cons of Histologic Systems of Evaluation
Authors: Brunt Elizabeth
Published: January 2016

The diagnostic phenotype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)—in particular, the most significant form in terms of prognosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—continues to rely on liver tissue evaluation, in spite of remarkable advances in non-invasive algorithms developed from serum-based tests and imaging-based or sonographically-based tests for fibrosis or liver stiffness. The most common tissue evaluation remains percutaneous liver biopsy; considerations given to the needle size and the location of the biopsy have the potential to yield the most representative tissue for evaluation. The pathologist’s efforts are directed to not only global diagnosis, but also assessment of severity of injury. Just as in other forms of chronic liver disease, these assessments can be divided into necroinflammatory activity, and fibrosis with parenchymal remodeling, in order to separately analyze potentially reversible (grade) and non-reversible (stage) lesions. These concepts formed the bases for current methods of evaluating the lesions that collectively comprise the phenotypic spectra of NAFLD. Four extant methods have specific applications; there are pros and cons to each, and this forms the basis of the review.
Study on Improving Thickness Uniformity of Microfluidic Chip Mold in the Electroforming Process
Authors: Du Liqun , Yang Tong , Zhao Ming , Tao Yousheng , Luo Lei , Wang Lei , Liu Chong
Published: January 2016

Electroformed microfluidic chip mold faces the problem of uneven thickness, which decreases the dimensional accuracy of the mold, and increases the production cost. To fabricate a mold with uniform thickness, two methods are investigated. Firstly, experiments are carried out to study how the ultrasonic agitation affects the thickness uniformity of the mold. It is found that the thickness uniformity is maximally improved by about 30% after 2 h electroforming under 200 kHz and 500 W ultrasonic agitation. Secondly, adding a second cathode, a method suitable for long-time electroforming is studied by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that with a 4 mm width second cathode used, the thickness uniformity is improved by about 30% after 2 h of electroforming, and that with electroforming time extended, the thickness uniformity is improved more obviously. After 22 h electroforming, the thickness uniformity is increased by about 45%. Finally, by comparing two methods, the method of adding a second cathode is chosen, and a microfluidic chip mold is made with the help of a specially designed second cathode. The result shows that the thickness uniformity of the mold is increased by about 50%, which is in good agreement with the simulation results.
L'influence de la ville de Toulouse sur l'agriculture des terrasses garonnaises de la rive gauche
Authors: Couffin C.
Published: January 2016

L'agriculture des terrasses garonnaises a subi, durant les cent dernières, années, des transformations considérables. De la culture du blé suivie d'une jachère que paissaient de maigres troupeaux de brebis, cette région a évolué, de 1865 à 1885, vers la culture de la vigne, à la faveur des destructions du vignoble languedocien. Mais le phylloxera anéantit à son tour plus de la moitié des vignes garonnaises en 1885. Après un retour aux cultures traditionnelles, de nouvelles spéculations prirent leur essor après les deux guerres : lait, orge, maïs, légumes, volaille. La petite propriété se développait près de la ville, le bourgeois toulousain se désintéressait de la terre, le fermage le disputait au métayage, la population devenait de moins en moins agricole et la machine venait remplacer la main-d'œuvre déficiente.
Les pays de l'Adour à la fin du XVIIIe siècle d'après la carte de Cassini
Authors: Lerat Serge
Published: January 2016

La carte de Cassini, établie entre 1760 et 1780, ainsi que ses archives, constituent des documents de valeur certaine pour la connaissance de la géographie humaine des Pays de l'Adour au XVIIIe siècle. Dans cette région où les conifères n'ont guère encore pénétré, les landes, support d'une économie rurale archaïque, couvrent de vastes espaces. Un important mouvement de défrichements les entame cependant, surtout dans la partie septentrionale et orientale du Béarn. La simplicité des paysages dans les vallées des Gaves, avec leur habitat groupé et leurs espaces culturaux homogènes, s'oppose à la complexité des coteaux, domaine de la dispersion. L'ébauche du réseau routier moderne apparaît.
Toulouse et la propriété rurale
Authors: Brunet Roger
Published: January 2016

Dans un rayon de 40 km autour de la ville, les Toulousains possèdent environ le sixième des terres ; mais leur place devient très faible à 25 km de Toulouse. La dimension des propriétés qu'ils détiennent est nettement supérieure à la moyenne. La répartition des propriétaires est extrêmement diffuse à l'intérieur de la ville, mais la concentration des domiciles croît avec la dimension de la propriété. On peut reconnaître plusieurs types de propriétés : l'héritage de la noblesse et de la grande bourgeoisie d'Ancien Régime, la propriété de placement, la propriété spéculative dont les progrès sont sensibles depuis quelques années, la propriété des agriculteurs émigrés en ville, les petits domaines de villégiature. La part de la propriété citadine semble avoir diminué, surtout au siècle dernier.
Le renouveau économique de l'Espagne
Authors: Sermet Jean
Published: January 2016

L'Espagne est actuellement en pleine ascension économique. Le point de départ en peut être fixé à la Génération de 98. Mais les nécessités africaines et surtout la croissance de sa démographie ont entraîné l'Espagne à modifier l'équilibre des genres de vie qui avaient été les siens pendant des siècles. Par l'extension des irrigations et de véritables colonisations intérieures elle rénove son agriculture, dont les rendements sont augmentés et améliorés. L'énergie disponible a permis une poussée d'industrialisation jusqu'à présent sans exemple. Mais les problèmes des communications et du financement restent encore à résoudre pour que soit stabilisée cette remarquable promotion de l'économie espagnole.
Contribution à l'étude des plages anciennes de Galice (Espagne)
Authors: Nonn Henri
Published: January 2016

La côte de Galice relie un littoral rectiligne riche en traces de rivages quaternaires étages (Portugal), et la côte asturienne qui, avec les « rasas », porte probablement la trace d'abrasions marines. Plusieurs plages, constituées de sable ou de galets, ont. été observées, vers + 5 m, dans les Rias Bajas surtout. La détermination de leur origine s'appuie sur l'analyse granulométrique et morphoscopique. Le rivage monastirien se prolonge dans les rías de Galice, original par la présence des galets, pratiquement absents des côtes actuelles, et par une usure beaucoup plus nette des sables. Des dépôts indéterminés sont également décrits, à + 10 m et + 20 m.
Le tourisme dans le département du Lot
Authors: Milon René
Published: January 2016

En 1957, le tourisme paraît avoir apporté au Lot environ 2 800 000 journées de présence humaine : 44 000 vacanciers, souvent quercynois d'origine, ont séjourné sur les rives de la Dordogne, du Lot et de leurs affluents, plus rarement sur les plateaux ; un million de touristes de passage ont traversé le département, visitant notamment Rocamadour et Padirac. Il en résulte un net regain de l'activité économique qui se manifeste dans la circulation ferroviaire et routière, dans l'activité hôtelière, dans la vie artisanale et commerciale. Cet apport est toutefois insuffisant pour modifier les structures, enrayer le processus de dépopulation, voire pour assurer à l'expansion touristique un autofinancement satisfaisant. L'avenir économique, démographique — et peut-être même touristique du Lot — pourrait être lié à l'implantation d'industries de transformation.
Quelques aspects récents de la pluviométrie dans les Pays de la Moyenne-Garonne
Authors: Lepagnot Lucette
Published: January 2016

Le climat de la Moyenne-Garonne est extrêmement capricieux comme le montre l'analyse de quelques situations extrêmes de la pluviométrie agenaise au cours de trois années récentes, fa'tes en fonction des caractéristiques climatiques du dernier trentenaire. Le rythme saisonnier moyen s'établit ainsi : un trimestre d'humidité maximale (novembre, décembre et janv'er), une période sèche (février-mars), une seconde période humide (avril, mai, juin) et enfin quatre mois de sécheresse relative (juillet, août, septembre et octobre). Mais la variabilité reste inquiétante pour l'agriculteur : été trop sec, orages très violents, gros écarts mensuels.
Sols et paysages : quelques problèmes d'écologie du sol
Authors: Hubschman Jacques
Published: January 2016

Das pedologische Studium der oberen Bodendecke der Abhänge sollte als ein Teil jeder geographischen Untersuchung betrachtet werden. Bei mittlerem und vor allem bei großem Maßtab stimmen Einheiten der Landschaft und pedologische Einheiten im Durchschnitt weniger überein, obwohl die Ubereinstimmung bei kleinem Maßstab zufriedenstellend ist. Dafür kann man verschiedene Gründe finden. Jeder Versuch, den « natürlichen » Raum aufzuteilen, muß eine gewisse Hierarchie der Faktoren berücksichtigen, wovon die wichtigsten die lithomorphologische Anordnung und die Pflanzendecke sind. Letzterer Faktor spielt eine großere Rolle. Er ist das Postulat einer Vegetation, die ein haupsächliches integrierendes Element in der natürlichen Umgebung ist. Aber der Boden ist nicht immer und überall von dieser Hiérarchie der Faktoren bestimmt. Die Evolution des Bodens folgt ihrem eigenen Rhythmus : ob langsam oder schnell, die Pedogenese zeigt, daß es verschiedene Stufen pedolo- gischer Inertia gibt, die mit den Klimaxen des Standorts zusammenhángen, und die die anderen Komponenten der Landschaft nicht unbedingt ausdrücken. Je nach den Verhaltnissen wird der Boden von der Pflanzendecke oder dem Muttergestein geprägt ; das letztere ist ziemlich oft von großer Bedeutung : die in der Landschaft unmerklichen, geringen lithologischen Diskontinuitäten ändern oft vollständig den Verlauf der Pedogenese.
Un domaine privilégié pour l'écologie du sol : le Cabardès
Authors: Hubschman Jacques
Published: January 2016

Dans le Cabardès, la diversité des styles de pédogénèse reflète celle des milieux écologiques. Dans le Haut Cabardès occidental, le climat déjà semi-montagnard, la fréquence des vieilles landes, expliquent l'existence, à côté des sols bruns acides modaux, de sols bruns acides dégradés (ocreux) et de sols ocres-podzoliques. Dans certaines cuvettes d'arénisation, on note la présence de sols noirs humifères à profil de type AC (sols cryptopodzoliques humifères ?). Les sols bruns modaux à mull forestier ne s'observent que sur les versants des gorges, sous taillis de chênes hybrides. Sols bruns acides peu humifères et rankers d'érosion se partagent l'essentiel des bas versants du massif ancien non calcaire et témoignent déjà des influences méditerranéennes. Causses des revers de cuestas et calcaires massifs primaires composent, pour leur part, un domaine méditerranéen édapho-climatique où richesse en calcaire et phénomènes d'érosion, actuels et anciens, commandent la pédogénèse : lithosols caldques, xérorendzines caillouteuses, rendzines rouges, rendzines modales, sols bruns calcaires, s'organisent en mosaïques complexes ou en courtes chaînes de versant. Dans l'ensemble du Cabardès, l'évolution actuelle est celle d'une lente brunification des profils, liée à la progression de la végétation naturelle.
Le «désert landais»
Authors: Papy Louis
Published: January 2016

The « desert » of the Landes de Gascogne. A vast sandy region, the Landes of Gascogne have always been a thinly-populated area. Men settled long ago in a few favoured places, on the border, in the shelters formed by the coastal downs or on the slopes of the few valleys : the larger part of the country, the « haute lande », which was ill-drained, was unfit for cultivation and remained, in spite of many efforts, devoted to extensive breeding until the middle of the 19th century. When at last under the impulse of the State, a network of ditches allowed the draining of water rains, it was the pine forest (and not the agriculture) which profited by it. That forest gave work to a still scanty population. Today, the decline of traditional agriculture, of pine tapping and of the scattered resin and wood industries, entails the desertion of vast districts. But others such as the country surrounding the « Bassin d'Arcachon », the south of the Born, the Marensin and the Marsan, are reviving and attracting people, thanks to tourism, some new industries and an adaptable agriculture.
L'évolution d'une commune de la Grande Lande : Sore
Authors: Soumagne-Papy C.
Published: January 2016

La carte de la Guyenne de Belleyme, le plan cadastral de 1841, les diverses éditions de la carte d'État-Major, le cadastre actuel permettent de suivre depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle l'évolution de l'occupation du sol à Sore. Habitations, forêts de pins, champs étaient autrefois étroitement associés à la vallée de la petite Eyre, la lande humide étant, entre les vallées, vouée à l'élevage des moutons. On assiste à la conquête progressive du domaine des parcours par la forêt de pin, au profit des notables du village ; la loi du 19 juin 1857 accélère cette conquête. Mais, alors que décline l'agriculture traditionnelle, que disparaît la vie pastorale, la forêt de pin est en partie ravagée par le feu. Elle renaît aujourd'hui. Elle fournit des bois de sciage et du bois pour les papeteries, tandis que la récolte de la gemme baisse d'année en année. Des méthodes modernes de sylviculture sont expérimentées un peu partout avec succès ; Sore accueille le plus beau verger à graines de la forêt landaise. Mais la commune se dépeuple ; les « quartiers » les plus reculés sont peu à peu abandonnés.
Le schéma d'aménagement de la côte Aquitaine
Authors: Barrère Pierre , Cassou-Mounat Micheline
Published: January 2016

Le long littoral sableux de la Côte d'Argent avait donné naissance à une série de stations estivales. Devant le grand développement du tourisme après 1945, le problème s'est posé d'un aménagement rationnel en vue de développer cette fonction. Une Mission interministérielle d'Aménagement de la côte aquitaine a mis au point un schéma approuvé en 1972 ; l'action portera sur neuf Unités principales d'aménagement séparées par des Secteurs d'équilibre naturel. Les réactions des collectivités locales et du public sont très partagées.
Dynamique de l'emploi tertiaire dans les villes de Midi-Pyrénées
Authors: Lévy Jean-Paul , Poinard Michel
Published: January 2016

L'augmentation de l'emploi tertiaire accompagne et détermine en même temps la croissance démographique des villes moyennes de Midi-Pyrénées. A partir des années 1960, ces villes ont bénéficié des effets multiplicateurs de leur rôle administratif et des effets de « rattrapage » de l'équipement en services publics. La forte progression du nombre des fonctionnaires y a permis une concentration des services privés et le maintien d'un puissant appareil de distribution. C'est maintenant la progression de la consommation urbaine qui assure la pérennité de la croissance. Cependant le niveau qualitatif des services reste généralement médiocre et leur progression ne parvient pas à pallier les graves déséquilibres du marché du travail.
La forêt du Périgord et son poids économique
Authors: Pinaud Anne-Marie
Published: January 2016

Avec 360000 ha de bois et forêts, le Périgord est une des régions françaises fortement boisées. Les données pédologiques et l'histoire de l'occupation du sol y ont individualisé des régions à forte vocation forestière : Périgord Noir, Pays au Bois de Belvès, Double périgourdine et Landais. Le châtaignier domine sur le Sidérolithique, le chêne sur les calcaires ; les résineux ont été largement introduits depuis un siècle. Mais la forêt est dans l'ensemble mal gérée, sur des propriétés forestières trop étroites et très divisées, où les efforts de protection sont insuffisants. La production de 450 000 m3 de bois d'oeuvre et de 300000 m3 de bois d'industrie pourrait être largement développée si les scieries et parqueteries parvenaient à prendre vraiment la taille industrielle et si la composition des boisements permettait aux papeteries un meilleur approvisionnement sur place, après enrésinement des taillis. Le reboisement porte sur 1000 à 2000 ha par an, avec l'aide du Fonds forestier national, et souvent à l'initiative de propriétaires non résidents.
Recherches sur la main-d'œuvre étrangère en Aveyron
Authors: Poinard Michel
Published: January 2016

Département peu industriel, l'Aveyron utilise une main-d'œuvre étrangère parfois très importante dans certains secteurs d'activité. Cette main- d'œuvre compense le départ des actifs nés sur place et convient aux exigences des entreprises locales. Elle est affectée d'une mobilité considérable, montrant bien que ce département d'accueil n'est guère un département d'enracinement.
La population de Toulouse en 1975
Authors: Coppolani Jean
Published: January 2016

The population of Toulouse according to the 1975 census. From 1968 to 1975 the population of Toulouse and its suburbs increased by 14 %, one of the highest rates registered in France's large agglomerations. But the population inside the municipal boundaries (374 000 inhabitants) experimented very few changes : the general decrease of the municipal population was balanced by the increase of the population in Le Mirail, a newly built municipal district. But the suburbian population density increased by 63 % within the 1968 boundaries and 49 municipalities which were not within in 1968 are now parts of the suburbs. The whole agglomeration has now 600 000 inhabitants and because it lacks a consistent master plan, its evolution depends entirely on land speculation and entrepreneurs' decisions.
La Serra de Marina : paysages et stratégies d'exploitation
Authors: Hérail Gérard , De Bolos Maria
Published: January 2016

The Serra of Marina : analysis of landscapes as evidences of development strategies. Fifteen miles north east of Barcelona, the Serra of Marina is part of the longer catalan littoral Cordillera. The main features of its landscapes, mainly perceived though the vegetation and the crops, and even some trends of its ecologie background — the evolution towards aridity of the Maresma facade, e.g. — have changed during the historical period ; they did so according to the changes of various social and economic systems aiming successively at the exploitation of the local resources. These landscapes are much more contrasted than one would expect from the rough edaphic and climatic data.
Le glacier de l'Ariège dans le bassin de Tarascon
Authors: Taillefer François
Published: January 2016

A reconstruction of the Quaternary Ariege glacier in Tarascon basin (Northern Pyrénées). The Pyrenean basin of Tarascon lies within a mountainous district which is more remarkable by its intricated relief and physiography than by its altitudes. It is a fluvial junction and was occupied and scoured by the pleistocene glaciers advancing down from the Ariège and Vicdessos valleys. Many glacial transfluences, diffluences and marginal obturations occurred on the margins of this basin during the glacial phases. Three main phases should be individualized : the pleniglaciaire stage during which altitude of ice reached 1000 m and over ; a long pause phase close to 650-700 m ; and a clear recurrence close to 500 m, which can be correlated with the würmian alluvial deposits, when the two previous phases can be considered as rissian,
Situation récente de la transhumance ovine dans les Pyrénées françaises
Authors: Rinschede G.
Published: January 2016

Les estives des troupeaux d'ovins transhumants sont en général proches du faîte des Pyrénées. Les troupeaux de transhumance ascendante sont pour la plupart originaires du piémont pyrénéen où ils passent l'hiver, alors que les troupeaux de transhumance descendante, qui comptent encore quelques groupes originaires des provinces espagnoles du Pays basque, cherchent leur hivernage plus loin de la chaîne, et de plus en plus loin récemment. Les déplacements à pied ne sont plus tolérés que sur de courtes distances et se font par le train ou en camions. Les éleveurs gardent eux-mêmes leurs troupeaux dans l'ouest où la production laitière est prédominante ; ailleurs on a souvent recours à des bergers salariés, souvent d'origine espagnole, et, pour l'hivernage, à la pratique de la gazailhe. On distingue les exploitations d'élevage ovin exclusif, distribuant leur cheptel dans plusieurs sites d'hivernage auprès de plusieurs exploitations agricoles, des élevages laitiers, et des exploitations combinant élevage et agriculture. Si le nombre des ovins a diminué dans l'ensemble des Pyrénées, la taille moyenne des troupeaux a augmenté et elle est en relation avec le type d'organisation de l'élevage. On peut distinguer des villages d'élevage, de plus en plus rares, et des villages où les activités touristiques et industrielles s'accompagnent encore d'élevage ovin. La surface des pâturages d'altitude disponibles est un facteur important de l'évolution de ces exploitations dont beaucoup sont menacées à terme par l'évolution démographique de la montagne et par les transformations de l'agriculture et des structures agraires du bas-pays.
Niveau et évolution de l'activité féminine en Midi-Pyrénées
Authors: Pradel De Lamaze François
Published: January 2016

L'auteur signale que l'accroissement de la population active entre 1968 et 1975 est dû à l'augmentation du nombre des femmes actives : en Midi-Pyrénées, ce phénomène s'accompagne du rattrapage par la région des taux moyens nationaux.
Islet Endothelial Cells Derived from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Jain Neha , Lee Eun Jung
Published: January 2016

The islet endothelium comprises a specialized population of islet endothelial cells (IECs) expressing unique markers such as nephrin and α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) that are not found in endothelial cells in surrounding tissues. However, due to difficulties in isolating and maintaining a pure population of these cells, the information on these islet-specific cells is currently very limited. Interestingly, we have identified a large subpopulation of endothelial cells exhibiting IEC phenotype, while deriving insulin-producing cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). These cells were identified by the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and were successfully isolated and subsequently expanded in endothelial cell culture medium. Further analysis demonstrated that the mouse embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (mESC-ECs) not only express classical endothelial markers, such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM1), thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but also IEC-specific markers such as nephrin and AAT. Moreover, mESC-ECs secrete basement membrane proteins such as collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin in culture and form tubular networks on a layer of Matrigel, demonstrating angiogenic activity. Further, mESC-ECs not only express eNOS, but also its eNOS expression is glucose dependent, which is another characteristic phenotype of IECs. With the ability to obtain highly purified IECs derived from pluripotent stem cells, it is possible to closely examine the function of these cells and their interaction with pancreatic β-cells during development and maturation in vitro. Further characterization of tissue-specific endothelial cell properties may enhance our ability to formulate new therapeutic angiogenic approaches for diabetes.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing through the Induction of Autocrine and Paracrine Effects
Authors: Kuo Yur-Ren , Wang Chun-Ting , Cheng Jiin-Tsuey , Kao Gour-Shenq , Chiang Yuan-Cheng , Wang Ching-Jen
Published: January 2016

Cell-based therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds. This study investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can accelerate diabetic wound healing and traffic in the engraftment of ASCs. Dorsal full-thickness skin wound defects (6 × 5 cm) were created in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rodent model. Group I served as a nondiabetic normal control, group II served as a diabetic control without ASCs, and group III included rats that were injected subcutaneously in the wound margin twice with nondiabetic ASCs (1 × 107 ASCs/dose). The wound healing was assessed clinically. Histological examination and immunohistochemical analyses of periwound tissue were performed. Green fluorescence protein (GFP)+-ASCs were used to examine the engraftment of these cells after injection. XenoLight DiR-labeled ASCs were implanted to detect migration ability using an IVIS imaging system. Results revealed that complete wound healing time statistically decreased in the ASC-treated group compared to the controls (p < 0.001). Histological examination revealed the ASC-treated group showed a significant reduction in the proinflammatory reaction, with significantly increased levels of EGF, VEGF, rPH, and Ki-67 expression compared to the controls. The populations of GFP+-ASCs in circulating blood significantly increased after ASC injection compared to those of controls. Immunofluorescence staining showed GFP+-ASCs significantly accumulated in the subdermal layer of the wound margin and increased angiogenesis via vWF and VEGF expression after injection. IVIS analysis revealed ASCs could exist and home into the periwound area up to 8 weeks postimplantation. In conclusion, ASCs significantly enhanced diabetic wound healing, engrafted into the local wound tissue, and implanted into circulating blood. ASC treatment stimulated neoangiogenesis and increased tissue regeneration through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms.
Quantifying Insulin Therapy Requirements to Preserve Islet Graft Function following Islet Transplantation
Authors: Orr Chris , Stratton Jeannette , Rao Irram , Al-Sayed Mohamad , Smith Craig , El-Shahawy Mohamed , Dafoe Donald , Mullen Yoko , Al-Abdullah Ismail , Kandeel Fouad
Published: January 2016

A mathematical nonlinear regression model of several parameters (baseline insulin intake, posttransplant 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and stimulated C-peptide) from type 1 diabetics with HbAlc <6.5% who do not require insulin therapy and have no hypoglycemic instances was developed for accurately predicting supplemental insulin requirements in the posttransplant period. An insulin deficit threshold of 0.018 U/kg/day was defined as the average first-year calculated insulin deficit (CID), above which HbA1c rose to >6.5% during year 2 of the posttransplant period. When insulin-untreated subjects were divided into two groups based on whether the average CID was smaller (group I) or greater (group II) than the insulin deficit threshold, HbA1c was found to be similar in the two groups in year 1, but increased significantly in group II to above 6.5% (with mean glucose of 121.9 mg/dl) but remained below 6.5% in group I subjects (with mean glucose of 108.7 mg/dl) in year 2 of the follow-up period. The greater insulin deficit in group II was also associated with a higher susceptibility to hyperglycemia during periods of low serum Rapamune and Prograf levels (combined levels below 11.2 and 4.7 ng/ml, respectively). Although the differences between predicted insulin requirement (PIR) and actual empirical insulin intake in the insulin-treated subjects were generally small, they were nonetheless sufficient to identify over- and underinsulinization at each follow-up visit for all subjects ( n = 14 subjects, 135 observations). The newly developed model can effectively identify underinsulinized islet transplant recipients at risk for graft dysfunction due to inadequate supplemental insulin intake or those potentially susceptible to graft function loss due to inadequate immunosuppression. While less common following islet cell therapy, the model can also identify overinsulinized subjects who may be at risk for hypoglycemia.
CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS: MAJOR DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES IN CIVIL AND MILITARY AVIATION
Authors: Le Huong , Lappas Ilias
Published: January 2016

A wide regulatory reform is taking place world-wide in the continuing airworthiness domain. The major influences for promoting changes in how continuing airworthiness is managed are civil and military aircraft accidents to which fatigue, corrosion, wear, deterioration in ageing aircraft and the need for regulatory harmonisation of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) signatory states and the military were the contributing factors. Another emerging factor is the conversion of older passenger aircraft to freighters, which brings forth the concern that aircraft are being used in a capacity for which they were not designed. The challenges of the regulatory reform are acceptance, certification of maintenance organizations and personnel, education and training, as well as information sharing and administration. This paper presents both the drivers and challenges in these areas and proposes a related change management framework.
The Proposal of Model for Building Cooperation Management in Company
Authors: Vodák Josef , Soviar Jakub , Lendel Viliam
Published: January 2016

The goal of the article is to use detailed literature analysis and findings of an empirical research, and to propose model for building cooperation management in a company. The article brings a valuable tool to company managers in a form of a complex and detailed model to achieve successful implementation of cooperation management in a company. The article thus provides a tool for company managers for managing their cooperation projects and activities. Use of this tool is meant to help minimize occurrence of conflict situations and to support smooth progress of cooperation activities.
Systematic Review to Determine the Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations to Rilpivirine in HIV-Infected Treatment-Naive Persons
Authors: Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Genevieve , Vingerhoets Johan , Hill Andrew , Hadacek Blanca , Moecklinghoff Christiane
Published: January 2016

Background

Transmitted drug resistance to antiretrovirals in HIV-1-infected individuals is rising in some regions and could compromise the effectiveness of first-line treatment. It is important to understand the prevalence of resistance to rilpivirine to inform treatment provision.

Methods

A PUBMED/EMBASE search identified analyses of transmitted genotypic resistance to specific non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations worldwide. Patients were to be HIV-1-infected and antiretroviral-naive. Rilpivirine mutations assessed were: L100I, K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L. Additionally, frequency of resistance mutations were extracted and pooled by HIV subtype from the Stanford HIV drug resistance database.

Results

138 eligible articles from 65 countries were identified ( n=64,466). Among these 64,466 samples, 7 of the 9 genotypic rilpivirine mutations had a prevalence ≤0.1%. Two mutations were more prevalent: E138A/G/K/Q/R (0.7%, 95% CI 0.2, 1.3) and Y181C/I/V (0.3%, 95% CI 0.2, 0.4). Prevalence of E138 rilpivirine-related mutations varied between regions: highest in Latin America/ Caribbean (3.6%, 95% CI 1.0, 7.6) and in Europe (3.2%, 95% CI 0.7, 6.9). Pooled results from the Stanford database ( n=52,680) correlated with these findings indicating a low prevalence of 8/9 rilpivirine mutations (≤0.1%), except for E138A/G/K/Q/R (2.9%, 95% CI 1.8, 4.4). Prevalence of the mutations at E138 varied significantly by HIV subtype and was highest for subtype-C (6.1%), subtype-F (5.1%) and subtype-A (3.3%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of most transmitted rilpivirine-related HIV mutations is generally low in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals (≤0.1%). The prevalence of E138A/G/K/Q/R mutations is higher (0.7%) and varies according to geographical region and HIV subtype.
Le retrait relationnel chez les enfants porteurs d’une fente labio-palatine et l’impact sur les parents. Une revue de la littérature et un protocole de recherche clinique
Authors: Pérez Martínez Carla , Béal Elisa , Grollemund Bruno
Published: January 2016

Le comportement de retrait relationnel soutenu peut être compris comme une diminution chronique dans le système d’attachement, qui se généralise progressivement et qui se manifeste par une faible réaction à l’entourage. Généralement, la naissance d’un enfant atteint de fente labio-palatine (FLP) provoque un choc initial pour les parents qui se trouvent brutalement confrontés au visage ouvert de leur enfant. La surcharge émotionnelle de cette situation peut freiner leur investissement affectif. Cette recherche propose d’établir un lien entre le retrait relationnel et les FLP, ainsi que sur l’impact sur les parents. De plus, l’intérêt d’une comparaison des différents protocoles médicaux permet de mettre en évidence ceux qui pourraient réduire l’impact de la malformation du bébé sur le psychisme des parents et leur entourage. Nous pensons qu’un degré de sévérité plus élevé de la malformation (FLP) associé à un temps d’attente plus long pour la première chirurgie, augmente la probabilité du comportement de retrait relationnel infantile et les altérations de la relation parents-bébé. La détection du comportement de retrait relationnel sera réalisée avec l’échelle ADBB (Alarme Détresse Bébé). La présence de retrait relationnel soutenu altère le processus de développement de manière durable, il est très important de parvenir à une détection précoce et de considérer le retrait relationnel comme un signe silencieux de la souffrance du bébé, surtout dans des situations spécifiques comme la malformation FLP, qui doit être traitée et interprétée de manière précoce.