bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Plant Polyphenols Prevent Type I Interferon Signaling in the Skin and Suppress Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Carbone Maria Luigia , Lulli Daniela , Passarelli Francesca , Pastore Saveria
Published: September 2018

Human keratinocytes were recently shown to respond to anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) drugs with activation of an interferon-κ-driven autocrine loop, leading to enhanced expression of innate antiviral effectors and of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10) and CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2). Here we showed active type I interferon signaling in the skin lesions of cancer patients undergoing treatment with the anti-EGFR drug cetuximab. Strong nuclear positivity for Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1, enhanced interferon-κ expression and CXCL10 was associated to the epidermal compartment. Notably, 50 micromolar resveratrol and quercetin fully suppressed the low constitutive levels of type I interferon signaling and prevented its activation by the anti-EGFR cetuximab or gefitinib in cultured keratinocytes. In sensitized mice undergoing DNFB (2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene)-induced contact hypersensitivity, local administration of gefitinib prior to elicitation further amplified hapten-induced type I interferon activation, tissue edema, and infiltration by T cells, whereas resveratrol or quercetin suppressed this inflammatory cascade. Overall, these data suggest that topical application of resveratrol or quercetin could be potentially effective in preventing pathological conditions due to overactivation of type I IFN (interferon)-driven circuits in the skin, including the inflammatory manifestations of anti-EGFR drug-induced skin-targeted toxicity.
Perceptual Hashing Based Forensics Scheme for the Integrity Authentication of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image
Authors: Ding Kaimeng , Meng Fan , Liu Yueming , Xu Nan , Chen Wenjun
Published: September 2018

High resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images are widely used in many sensitive fields, and their security should be protected thoroughly. Integrity authentication is one of their major security problems, while the traditional techniques cannot fully meet the requirements. In this paper, a perceptual hashing based forensics scheme is proposed for the integrity authentication of a HRRS image. The proposed scheme firstly partitions the HRRS image into grids and adaptively pretreats the grid cells according to the entropy. Secondly, the multi-scale edge features of the grid cells are extracted by the edge chains based on the adaptive strategy. Thirdly, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on the extracted edge feature to get robust feature, which is then normalized and encrypted with secret key set by the user to receive the perceptual hash sequence. The integrity authentication procedure is achieved via the comparison between the recomputed perceptual hash sequence and the original one. Experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme has good robustness to normal content-preserving manipulations, has good sensitivity to detect local subtle and illegal tampering of the HRRS image, and has the ability to locate the tampering area.
The STELAR ICU: Leveraging Electronic Health Record Data to Foster Research and Optimize Patient Care
Authors: Horvat Christopher M. , Suresh Srinivasan , Clark Robert S. B.
Published: September 2018

Electronic health records (EHR) combined with robust data collection systems can be used to simultaneously drive research and performance improvement initiatives. Our Smart, Transformative, EHR-based Approaches to Revolutionizing the Intensive Care Unit (STELAR ICU) consists of a framework of five best practices that make optimal use of objective data to guide clinicians caring for the sickest patients in our quaternary center. Our strategy has relied on an accessible data infrastructure, standardizing without protocolizing care, using technology to increase patient contact and time spent at the bedside, continuously re-evaluating performance in real-time, and acknowledging uncertainty by using electronic data to provide probabilistic weight to clinical decision-making. These strategies blur the lines between research and quality improvement, with the aim of achieving truly stellar patient outcomes.
Modeling and Optimisation of a Solar Energy Harvesting System for Wireless Sensor Network Nodes
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Haque Ahteshamul , Jaffery Zainul Abdin
Published: September 2018

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the basic building blocks of today’s modern internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure in smart buildings, smart parking, and smart cities. The WSN nodes suffer from a major design constraint in that their battery energy is limited and can only work for a few days depending upon the duty cycle of operation. The main contribution of this research article is to propose an efficient solar energy harvesting solution to the limited battery energy problem of WSN nodes by utilizing ambient solar photovoltaic energy. Ideally, the Optimized Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Network (SEH-WSN) nodes should operate for an infinite network lifetime (in years). In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient solar energy harvesting system with pulse width modulation (PWM) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for WSN nodes. The research focus is to increase the overall harvesting system efficiency, which further depends upon solar panel efficiency, PWM efficiency, and MPPT efficiency. Several models for solar energy harvester system have been designed and iterative simulations were performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK for solar powered DC-DC converters with PWM and MPPT to achieve optimum results. From the simulation results, it is shown that our designed solar energy harvesting system has 87% efficiency using PWM control and 96% efficiency ( η s y s ) by using the MPPT control technique. Finally, an experiment for PWM controlled SEH-WSN is performed using Scientech 2311 WSN trainer kit and a Generic LM2575 DC-DC buck converter based solar energy harvesting module for validation of simulation results.
Probiotics in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hendler Robert , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2018

The human microbiome plays many roles in inflammation, drug metabolism, and even the development of cancer that we are only beginning to understand. Colorectal cancer has been a focus for study in this field as its pathogenesis and its response to treatment have both been linked to the functioning of microbiota. This literature review evaluates the animal and human studies that have explored this relationship. By manipulating the microbiome with interventions such as probiotic administration, we may be able to reduce colorectal cancer risk and improve the safety and effectiveness of cancer therapy even though additional clinical research is still necessary.
Implementation of Spiegler–Kedem and Steric Hindrance Pore Models for Analyzing Nanofiltration Membrane Performance for Smart Water Production
Authors: Nair Remya R. , Protasova Evgenia , Strand Skule , Bilstad Torleiv
Published: September 2018

A predictive model correlating the parameters in the mass transfer-based model Spiegler–Kedem to the pure water permeability is presented in this research, which helps to select porous polyamide membranes for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. Using the experimentally obtained values of flux and rejection, the reflection coefficient σ and solute permeability Ps have been estimated as the mass transfer-based model parameters for individual ions in seawater. The reflection coefficient and solute permeability determined were correlated with the pure water permeability of a membrane, which is related to the structural parameters of a membrane. The novelty of this research is the development of a model that consolidates the various complex mechanisms in the mass transfer of ions through the membrane to an empirical correlation for a given feed concentration and membrane type. These correlations were later used to predict ion rejections of any polyamide membrane with a known pure water permeability and flux with seawater as a feed that aids in the selection of suitable nanofiltration (NF) for smart water production.
First-Principles Approaches to Metals, Alloys, and Metallic Compounds
Authors: Dronskowski Richard
Published: September 2018

At the beginning of the 21st century, electronic-structure theory has matured to a degree that allows for accurate phase prediction and computational characterization of various kinds of materials; in particular, elemental metals adopting whatever allotropic structure, various intermetallic compounds, and other complex metal-rich phases. [...]
Potential Metabolomic Linkage in Blood between Parkinson’s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fiandaca Massimo S. , Gross Thomas J. , Johnson Thomas M. , Hu Michele T. , Evetts Samuel , Wade-Martins Richard , Merchant-Borna Kian , Bazarian Jeffrey , Cheema Amrita K. , Mapstone Mark , Federoff Howard J.
Published: September 2018

The etiologic basis for sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases has been elusive but likely represents the product of genetic predisposition and various environmental factors. Specific gene-environment interactions have become more salient owing, in part, to the elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms and their impact on health and disease. The linkage between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one such association that currently lacks a mechanistic basis. Herein, we present preliminary blood-based metabolomic evidence in support of potential association between TBI and PD. Using untargeted and targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry we identified metabolomic biomarker profiles in a cohort of symptomatic mild TBI (mTBI) subjects (n = 75) 3–12 months following injury (subacute) and TBI controls (n = 20), and a PD cohort with known PD (n = 20) or PD dementia (PDD) (n = 20) and PD controls (n = 20). Surprisingly, blood glutamic acid levels in both the subacute mTBI (increased) and PD/PDD (decreased) groups were notably altered from control levels. The observed changes in blood glutamic acid levels in mTBI and PD/PDD are discussed in relation to other metabolite profiling studies. Should our preliminary results be replicated in comparable metabolomic investigations of TBI and PD cohorts, they may contribute to an “excitotoxic” linkage between TBI and PD/PDD.
Two-Stage SART Process: A Feasible Alternative for Gold Cyanidation Plants with High Zinc and Copper Contents
Authors: Estay Humberto , Gim-Krumm Minghai , Quilaqueo Michelle
Published: September 2018

The SART (sulfidization, acidification, recycling, and thickening) process (SP) has been successfully implemented in gold cyanidation plants to address issues associated with high cyanide-soluble copper content ores. However, this process could produce a relatively low grade precipitate, decreasing the sale price when gold plants have high zinc and copper content in their solutions. A potential option in this case would be the use of a two-stage SART process (TSSP) to produce separate zinc and copper precipitates. The additional equipment involved with this process would increase the capital cost, thereby generating concerns about the optimal range of metal contents that could justify this option. This study presents a methodology to quantify the feasible range of Cu/Zn concentrations that would justify a two-stage SART process. The study is based on a thermodynamic model and a simple economic evaluation. Results show the TSSP is preferred when the Cu/Zn ratio ranges between 0.2 and 1.5 with copper concentration higher than 500 mg/L. The TSSP appears to be a viable option to consider for gold plants having concentrations of copper and zinc higher than 200 mg/L for both metals.
Geology and U-Th-Pb Dating of the Gakara REE Deposit, Burundi
Authors: Ntiharirizwa Seconde , Boulvais Philippe , Poujol Marc , Branquet Yannick , Morelli Cesare , Ntungwanayo Joël , Midende Gilbert
Published: September 2018

The Gakara Rare Earth Elements (REE) deposit is one of the world’s highest grade REE deposits, likely linked to a carbonatitic magmatic-hydrothermal activity. It is located near Lake Tanganyika in Burundi, along the western branch of the East African Rift. Field observations suggest that the mineralized veins formed in the upper crust. Previous structures inherited from the Kibaran orogeny may have been reused during the mineralizing event. The paragenetic sequence and the geochronological data show that the Gakara mineralization occurred in successive stages in a continuous hydrothermal history. The primary mineralization in bastnaesite was followed by an alteration stage into monazite. The U-Th-Pb ages obtained on bastnaesite (602 ± 7 Ma) and on monazite (589 ± 8 Ma) belong to the Pan-African cycle. The emplacement of the Gakara REE mineralization most likely took place during a pre-collisional event in the Pan-African belt, probably in an extensional context.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Rosmarinic Acid in Rat Cholestatic Liver Injury
Authors: Min Jianbin , Chen Hao , Gong Zipeng , Liu Xian , Wu Tian , Li Weirong , Fang Jiansong , Huang Tianlai , Zhang Yingfeng , Zhao Wei , Zhu Chenchen , Wang Qi , Mi Suiqing , Wang Ningsheng
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and metabolic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) in rats. RA [100 mg/kg body weight (BW)] was intragastrically (i.g.) administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats once a day for seven consecutive days. The rats were then i.g. administered α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (80 mg/kg once on the 5th day) to induce acute intrahepatic cholestasis after the last administration of RA. Blood samples were collected at different time points (0.083 h, 0.17 h, 0.33 h, 0.5 h, 0.75 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 20 h) after administration, and the levels of RA were estimated by HPLC. Plasma and bile biochemical analysis, bile flow rate, and liver histopathology were measured to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of RA. The PK-PD curves showed obviously clockwise (AST and ALT) or anticlockwise (TBA, TBIL). Pretreatment with RA at different doses significantly restrained ANIT-induced pathological changes in bile rate, TBA, TBIL, ALT, AST (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The relationship between RA concentration and its hepatoprotective effects on acute cholestasis responses was assessed by PK-PD modeling.
Design of Novel Pyrene-Bodipy Dyads: Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Properties, and FRET Studies
Authors: Porcu Pasquale , Vonlanthen Mireille , González-Méndez Israel , Ruiu Andrea , Rivera Ernesto
Published: September 2018

A new series of dendronized bodipys containing pyrene units was synthesized and characterized. Their optical and photophysical properties were determined by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This series includes three different compounds. The first one has an anisole group linked to the bodipy unit, which was used as the reference compound. In the second, the bodipy core is linked to a zero generation dendron with one pyrene unit. The third compound contains a first generation Fréchet-type dendron bearing two pyrene units. In this work, the combination pyrene-bodipy was selected as the donor-acceptor pair for this fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study. Doubtless, these two chromophores exhibit high quantum yields, high extinction coefficients, and both their excitation and emission wavelengths are located in the visible region. This report presents a FRET study of a novel series of pyrene-bodipy dendritic molecules bearing flexible spacers. We demonstrated via spectroscopic studies that FRET phenomena occur in these dyads.
Rational Design for Multicolor Flavone-Based Fluorophores with Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement Characteristics and Applications in Mitochondria-Imaging
Authors: Liu Liyan , Lei Yaohui , Zhang Jianhui , Li Na , Zhang Fan , Wang Huaqiao , He Feng
Published: September 2018

Fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties have attracted more attention in recent years. In order to realise more valuable applications, the different kinds of AIEE molecules are in serious need of further development. Therefore, a novel flavone-based AIEE system derived from restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) was designed and synthesized in this work. The results revealed that six of the compounds showed typical AIEE characteristics, with fluorescence emissions from purple, blue, cyan to green, tunable by changing substituent groups. This flavone-based AIEE system has never been reported before. The AIEE characteristics were investigated by optical spectroscopy, fluorescence photographs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence quantum yields (ФF) and fluorescence lifetime in the CH3OH/H2O mixed solution. Moreover, benefiting from the simple structures and small molecular weight, they could permeate cells faster than current high-molecular-weight AIEE molecules. Furthermore, to examine possible biomedical applications, fluorescence imaging in living A549 lung cells and cell viabilities were examined, and the results displayed that these fluorophores showed good cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity within the experimental concentration range. In addition, these AIEE compounds possessed excellent specificity for mitochondrial targeting and mitochondrial morphological change tracking, besides, they displayed superior photostability, which indicated they are potential candidates for mitochondrial imaging.
One-Step Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of 3D N-doped Carbon Nanotube/N-doped Graphene Hybrid Material on Nickel Foam
Authors: Li Hua-Fei , Wu Fan , Wang Chen , Zhang Pei-Xin , Hu Hai-Yan , Xie Ning , Pan Ming , Zeng Zheling , Deng Shuguang , Wu Marvin H. , Vinodgopal K. , Dai Gui-Ping
Published: September 2018

3D hybrid nanostructures connecting 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 2D graphene have attracted more and more attentions due to their excellent chemical, physical and electrical properties. In this study, we firstly report a novel and facile one-step process using template-directed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to fabricate highly nitrogen doped three-dimensional (3D) N-doped carbon nanotubes/N-doped graphene architecture (N-CNTs/N-graphene). We used nickel foam as substrate, melamine as a single source for both carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The morphology and microstructure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, isothermal analyses, X-ray photoelectron microscopy and Raman spectra. The obtained 3D N-CNTs/N-graphene exhibits high graphitization, a regular 3D structure and excellent nitrogen doping and good mesoporosity.
The Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel Significantly Decreases Viability in Malignant Solid Tumor Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Authors: Rowe Warren , Cheng Xiaoqian , Ly Lawan , Zhuang Taisen , Basadonna Giacomo , Trink Barry , Keidar Michael , Canady Jerome
Published: September 2018

To determine appropriate treatment doses of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), the Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel was tested across numerous cancer cell types including renal adenocarcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Various CAP doses were tested consisting of both high (3 L/min) and low (1 L/min) helium flow rates, several power settings, and a range of treatment times up to 5 min. The impact of cold plasma on the reduction of viability was consistently dose-dependent; however, the anti-cancer capability varied significantly between cell lines. While the lowest effective dose varied from cell line to cell line, in each case an 80–99% reduction in viability was achievable 48 h after CAP treatment. Therefore, it is critical to select the appropriate CAP dose necessary for treating a specific cancer cell type.
Integration of Process Modeling, Design, and Optimization with an Experimental Study of a Solar-Driven Humidification and Dehumidification Desalination System
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed , Abdel-Hady Faissal , Mazher A. K. , Alzahrani Abdulrahim
Published: September 2018

Solar energy is becoming a promising source of heat and power for electrical generation and desalination plants. In this work, an integrated study of modeling, optimization, and experimental work is undertaken for a parabolic trough concentrator combined with a humidification and dehumidification desalination unit. The objective is to study the design performance and economic feasibility of a solar-driven desalination system. The design involves the circulation of a closed loop of synthetic blend motor oil in the concentrators and the desalination unit heat input section. The air circulation in the humidification and dehumidification unit operates in a closed loop, where the circulating water runs during the daytime and requires only makeup feed water to maintain the humidifier water level. Energy losses are reduced by minimizing the waste of treated streams. The process is environmentally friendly, since no significant chemical treatment is required. Design, construction, and operation are performed, and the system is analyzed at different circulating oil and air flow rates to obtain the optimum operating conditions. A case study in Saudi Arabia is carried out. The study reveals unit capability of producing 24.31 kg/day at a circulating air rate of 0.0631 kg/s and oil circulation rate of 0.0983 kg/s. The tradeoff between productivity, gain output ratio, and production cost revealed a unit cost of 12.54 US$/m3. The impact of the circulating water temperature has been tracked and shown to positively influence the process productivity. At a high productivity rate, the humidifier efficiency was found to be 69.1%, and the thermal efficiency was determined to be 82.94%. The efficiency of the parabolic trough collectors improved with the closed loop oil circulation, and the highest performance was achieved from noon until 14:00 p.m.
Orthodox Fasting in a Postsecular Society: The Case of Contemporary Russia
Authors: Mitrofanova Anastasia
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the revival of fasting in Russia after a long period of its nearly full neglect. On the basis of electronic sources, such as web forums, question-and-answer services, streaming video channels, and other publications the author shows how the clergy and the laity together discuss, collectively test and evaluate diverse fasting practices. The discourse on fasting practices in Russia is polyphonic and highly personalized; even the clergy has no single authoritative position. It remains unclear, who should be responsible for fasting mitigation in case of illness, pregnancy, or other circumstances; people are exposed to many different opinions, what results in confusion and anxiety. The article shows that contemporary believers—including the clergy—are not ready to follow tradition blindly. The discussants are roughly divided into two groups: those supporting traditional rules (fasting from animal products), and those inventing their own practices (fasting from sweets, or switching to cheaper foods). Both groups are interested in rational, mundane arguments in support of their choice: the traditionalists emphasize that fasting from meat is “healthy”, or that Lenten food is “tastier”; their opponents point out that fish and seafood are more expensive than dairy products and poultry; therefore, no money can be saved for the destitute.
Supervised Classification of Multisensor Remotely Sensed Images Using a Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Piramanayagam Sankaranarayanan , Saber Eli , Schwartzkopf Wade , Koehler Frederick W.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method to efficiently combine information from multisensor remotely sensed images for pixel-wise semantic classification. The CNN features obtained from multiple spectral bands are fused at the initial layers of deep neural networks as opposed to final layers. The early fusion architecture has fewer parameters and thereby reduces the computational time and GPU memory during training and inference. We also propose a composite fusion architecture that fuses features throughout the network. The methods were validated on four different datasets: ISPRS Potsdam, Vaihingen, IEEE Zeebruges and Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 dataset. For the Sentinel-1,-2 datasets, we obtain the ground truth labels for three classes from OpenStreetMap. Results on all the images show early fusion, specifically after layer three of the network, achieves results similar to or better than a decision level fusion mechanism. The performance of the proposed architecture is also on par with the state-of-the-art results.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Factors of Influence on the Environmental Impact of ICT
Authors: Hankel Albert , Heimeriks Gaston , Lago Patricia
Published: September 2018

Context: Many publications have described, measured, tracked or assessed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) activities that impact the environment. A complete conceptual view of the environmental impact of ICT can be described in three orders of effect: Direct, indirect and systemic. Objective: The goal of this study is to find out how the existing literature contributes towards our understanding of the environmental impact of ICT. We approach this question by identifying factors that can be of influence on the environmental impact and map these factors onto a conceptual framework of Green ICT. Method: We used a systematic literature review to collect factors of influence regarding the environmental impact of ICT. Results: From the data we collected and the analyses made, we created a taxonomy, and report on the frequencies of the factors of influence in the primary studies as well as gaps and additions compared to the conceptual framework. We found five main classes of influence that can form a continuous cycle, but noted that the research field is strongly focused on the direct impact of ICT. Conclusion: Our study contributes towards a better understanding of the environmental impact of ICT by framing factors of influence in a conceptual framework. The taxonomy we create and the analysis of the studies could be helpful in defining a research agenda, to further enable the full potential of Green ICT. In addition, the taxonomy can be used as a starting point for a practical tool, for organizations that wish to apply Green ICT to its full extent.
Adhesive contact of rough brushes
Authors: Li Qiang , Popov Valentin L
Published: September 2018

The adhesive contact between a rough brush-like structure and an elastic half-space is numerically simulated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based boundary element method and the mesh-dependent detachment criterion of Pohrt and Popov. The problem is of interest in light of the discussion of the role of contact splitting in the adhesion strength of gecko feet and structured biomimetic materials. For rigid brushes, the contact splitting does not enhance adhesion even if all pillars of the brush are positioned at the same height. Introducing statistical scatter of height leads to a further decrease of the maximum adhesive strength. At the same time, the pull-off force becomes dependent on the previously applied compression force and disappears completely at some critical roughness. For roughness with a subcritical value, the pressure dependence of the pull-off force qualitatively follows the known theory of Fuller and Tabor with moderate modification due to finite size effect of the brush.
Widespread CCH and c-C3H2 in the Helix Nebula: Unraveling the Chemical History of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Schmidt D. R. , Zack L. N. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: September 2018

The hydrocarbons CCH and c-C3H2 have been detected at multiple positions distributed across the Helix, along with the CN, indicating that these molecules are present throughout this very old planetary nebula. The species were identified by observations of the N = 1 → 0 transitions of CCH and CN and the J = 21,2 → 10,1 transition of c-C3H2, conducted with the new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) prototype 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory at 3 mm in wavelength. Column densities of the three species were calculated to be N
tot(CCH) ∼ (0.8–6.6) × 1012 cm−2, N
tot(c-C3H2) ∼ (0.3–5.9) × 1011 cm−2, and N
tot(CN) ∼ (0.7–7.4) × 1012 cm−2, corresponding to fractional abundances, with respect to H2, of f(CCH) ∼ (1.1–8.8) × 10−7, f(c-C3H2) ∼ (0.4–7.9) × 10−8, and f(CN) ∼ (0.9–9.9) × 10−7. Surprisingly, the abundances are comparable to those measured in younger planetary nebulae (PNe), indicating that predicted photodestruction processes for gas-phase molecules are inefficient in these objects, even over long timescales. The distributions of these two hydrocarbons in the Helix appear to be correlated, with a ratio of [CCH]/[c-C3H2] ∼ 5–80 and an average value of 29 ± 6—remarkably similar to both the range ([CCH]/[c-C3H2] ∼ 11–53) and average value (28.2 ± 1.4) found in diffuse clouds. The abundances of CCH, c-C3H2, and CN in the Helix are also factors of 10–100 greater than those measured in diffuse gas. These results suggest that molecular ejecta from PNe are a possible external source for polyatomic species found in diffuse clouds, including C60.
KIC 9832227: Using Vulcan Data to Negate the 2022 Red Nova Merger Prediction
Authors: Socia Quentin J , Welsh William F , Short Donald R , Orosz Jerome A , Angione Ronald J , Windmiller Gur , Caldwell Douglas A , Batalha Natalie M
Published: September 2018

KIC 9832227 is a contact binary whose 11 hr orbital period is rapidly changing. Based on the apparent exponential decay of its period, the two stars were predicted to merge in early 2022 resulting in a rare red nova outburst. Fortunately KIC 9832227 was observed in 2003 as part of the NASA Ames pre-Kepler Vulcan Project to search for transiting exoplanets. We find that the Vulcan timing measurement does not agree with the previous exponential decay model. This led us to re-evaluate the other early epoch non-Kepler data sets, the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) and Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP) survey. We find that the WASP times are in good agreement with the previous prediction, but the NSVS eclipse time differs by nearly an hour. The very large disagreement of the Vulcan and NSVS eclipse times with an exponentially decaying model forces us to reject the merger hypothesis. Although period variations are common in contact binaries, the physical cause of the period changes in KIC 9832227 remains unexplained; a third star scenario is unlikely. This study shows the data collected by the Vulcan photometer to be extremely valuable for extending the baseline for measurements of variable stars in the Kepler field.
Insight-HXMT Observations of 4U 1636-536: Corona Cooling Revealed with Single Short Type-I X-Ray Burst
Authors: Chen Y. P. , Zhang S. , Qu J. L. , Zhang S. N. , Ji L. , Kong L. D. , Cao X. L. , Chang Z. , Chen G. , Chen L. , Chen T. X. , Chen Y. , Chen Y. B. , Cui W. , Cui W. W. , Deng J. K. , Dong Y. W. , Du Y. Y. , Fu M. X. , Gao G. H. , Gao H. , Gao M. , Ge M. Y. , Gu Y. D. , Guan J. , Guo C. C. , Han D. W. , Hu W. , Huang Y. , Huo J. , Jia S. M. , Jiang L. H. , Jiang W. C. , Jin J. , Jin Y. J. , Li B. , Li C. K. , Li G. , Li M. S. , Li T. P. , Li W. , Li X. , Li X. B. , Li X. F. , Li Y. G. , Li Z. J. , Li Z. W. , Liang X. H. , Liao J. Y. , Liu C. Z. , Liu G. Q. , Liu H. W. , Liu S. Z. , Liu X. J. , Liu Y. , Liu Y. N. , Lu B. , Lu F. J. , Lu X. F. , Luo T. , Ma X. , Meng B. , Nang Y. , Nie J. Y. , Ou G. , Sai N. , Song L. M. , Sun L. , Tan Y. , Tao L. , Tao W. H. , Tuo Y. L. , Wang G. F. , Wang H. Y. , Wang J. , Wang W. S. , Wang Y. S. , Wen X. Y. , Wu B. B. , Wu M. , Xiao G. C. , Xiong S. L. , Xu H. , Xu Y. P. , Yan L. L. , Yang J. W. , Yang S. , Yang Y. J. , Zhang A. M. , Zhang C. L. , Zhang C. M. , Zhang F. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang J. , Zhang Q. , Zhang T. , Zhang W. , Zhang W. C. , Zhang W. Z. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhang Y. J. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Z. L. , Zhao H. S. , Zhao J. L. , Zhao X. F. , Zheng S. J. , Zhu Y. , Zhu Y. X. , Zou C. L.
Published: September 2018

Corona cooling was detected previously from stacking a series of short type I bursts that occurred during the low/hard state of an atoll outburst. Type I bursts are hence regarded as sharp probes used to better our understanding of the basic properties of the corona. The first Chinese X-ray satellite, Insight-HXMT, has a large detection area at hard X-rays that provides a unique opportunity to move further in this research field. We report the first detection of corona cooling by Insight-HXMT from a single short type I burst appearing during the flare of 4U 1636-536. This type I X-ray burst has a duration of ∼13 s and hard X-ray shortage is detected with a significance of 6.2σ in 40–70 keV. A cross-correlation analysis between the light curves of the soft and hard X-ray band shows that the corona shortage lags the burst emission by 1.6 ± 1.2 s. These results are consistent with those derived previously from stacking a large amount of bursts detected by RXTE/PCA within a series of flares of 4U 1636-536. Moreover, the broad bandwidth of Insight-HXMT also allows, for the first time, one to infer the burst influence upon the continuum spectrum via performing the spectral fitting of the burst, which points to the finding that hard X-ray shortage appears at around 40 keV in the continuum spectrum. These results suggest that the evolution of the corona, along with the outburst/flare of NS XRB, may be traced via analyzing a series of embedded type I bursts using Insight-HXMT.
New records of sharks (Elasmobranchii) from the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago in India with notes on current checklists
Authors: Tyabji Zoya , Jabado Rima , Sutaria Dipani
Published: September 2018

The diversity of sharks occurring off the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago in India has received increased attention in recent years. Yet, available checklists are out of date, often with inaccurate information and a number of commercially important species have not been documented through research and fish landing surveys. Here we report on shark species examined during fish landing surveys conducted from January 2017 to April 2018. Records of twelve previously unreported species from the archipelago are presented and include the bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus), pigeye shark (Carcharhinus amboinensis), bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), snaggletooth shark (Hemipristis elongata), slender weasel shark (Paragaleus randalli), Arabian smoothhound shark (Mustelus mosis), Indonesian houndshark (Hemitriakis indroyonoi), sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus), Indonesian bambooshark (Chiloscyllium hasseltii), tawny nurse shark (Nebrius ferrugineus), dwarf gulper shark (Centrophorus atromarginatus), and the Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (Squalus hemipinnis). These records increase the reported shark species for the archipelago from 47 to 59 and for India from 114 to 116. Additionally, a size extension in the total length of C. hasseltii by 27 cm and of P. randalli by 8 cm is reported. Owing to the bio-geographical location of these islands, species diversity around the archipelago is unique and appears to overlap with that of southeast Asia. With increasing reports of over-exploitation and the operation of a targeted shark fishery by distant water fleets in these waters, the limited information on shark diversity from this region is of concern. Systematic and long-term monitoring of catches, combined with accurate species identification, is crucial to provide information on management measures.
Le marché pétrolier à un tournant
Authors: Aoun Marie-Claire
Published: September 2018

Les cours du pétrole sont repartis à la hausse depuis 2016, sous l’effet de facteurs conjoncturels comme la dégradation de la situation politique au Venezuela ou le renouveau des sanctions contre l’Iran. La hausse des cours favorise l’exploitation des pétroles de schiste, ce qui a permis aux États-Unis de devenir le premier producteur mondial de brut. Le peak oil ne résultera pas de l’épuisement des réserves mais d’une baisse de la demande liée au développement des énergies alternatives.
La société israélienne : vers la fragmentation ?
Authors: Ghiles-Meilhac Samuel
Published: September 2018

La société israélienne se fragmente. Quatre blocs y cohabitent plus ou moins paisiblement : les laïcs, les nationalistes-religieux, les ultra-orthodoxes et les Arabes. Chacun de ces blocs est représenté politiquement. Depuis plusieurs années, la droite – alliée à l’extrême droite – est au pouvoir. La popularité de Benjamin Netanyahou ne s’érode guère, malgré son implication supposée dans plusieurs affaires. Différents signaux laissent craindre une dérive illibérale d’Israël.
Le nucléaire militaire français dans un nouveau contexte stratégique
Authors: Kempf Olivier
Published: September 2018

La population et les dirigeants français sont fermement attachés à la dissuasion nucléaire, même si des voix dissonantes se font occasionnellement entendre. Le contexte stratégique est toutefois en train d’évoluer et pourrait affecter la posture stratégique française. Entre les rodomontades de Vladimir Poutine, l’imprévisibilité de Donald Trump, et les difficultés propres à l’Europe – notamment le Brexit – les incertitudes sont aujourd’hui nombreuses et laissent ouvert le champ des possibles.
Migrations : l’impasse européenne
Authors: Prost Yannick
Published: September 2018

La pression migratoire est une donnée destinée à perdurer pour l’espace européen. Des normes minimales communes ne pourraient être développées pour l’accueil des migrants que dans le cadre de l’UE. Les réticences des pays d’arrivée, comme celles des pays de départ, brident la mise en place d’un dispositif global. De plus, l’intransigeance des gouvernements populistes risque de conduire à la disparition pure et simple de toute entente européenne sur les phénomènes migratoires.
Passages de témoins
Authors: Zalc Claire
Published: September 2018

Ce texte revient sur les effets produits par la disparition des témoins sur l’historiographie de la Shoah. Il interroge la spécificité du « tournant testimonial » en le situant au carrefour de plusieurs temporalités, politiques, archivistiques, historiographiques et biographiques. Au cours de ce passage de témoins à une nouvelle génération de chercheurs et de chercheuses, la relation aux sources est modifiée. Elle évolue vers une routinisation des pratiques sur des terrains longtemps définis par leur exceptionnalité. Dès lors, peut-on envisager que ces différents mouvements se conjuguent pour œuvrer au décloisonnement de l’histoire de la Shoah ?
Des rêves comme source pour l’histoire de l’Holocauste ?
Authors: Engelking Barbara , Dauzat Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: September 2018

Les rêves sont rarement utilisés par les historiens. Cependant, ils peuvent aussi constituer une source historique, si on les considère comme le témoignage des expériences d’individus dans un contexte et à un moment spécifique de l’histoire. Analyser les rêves effectués par les victimes des persécutions pendant la période de la Shoah conduit ainsi à aborder la diversité des émotions éprouvées par les victimes, leurs expériences indicibles et leur aspiration à revoir leurs proches.
Contourner Birkenau (automne 1942)
Authors: Mariot Nicolas
Published: September 2018

L’article revient sur un document classique dans l’historiographie du complexe d’Auschwitz-Birkenau : le journal tenu par le médecin SS Johann Paul Kremer pendant son séjour dans le camp, entre début septembre et fin novembre 1942. Après avoir rappelé les usages judiciaires, historiographiques et négationnistes dont cette archive a fait l’objet, l’article montre l’intérêt de croiser cette source, d’origine nazie et contemporaine du meurtre industriel, avec les données individuelles, côté victimes cette fois, mises à disposition par l’International Tracing Service (ITS). Relu ainsi, le journal est l’une des très rares sources permettant de dater avec précision non plus la disparition, mais le meurtre de milliers de déportés d’Europe occidentale entre l’été et l’hiver 1942.
Retranscrire la violence et le traumatisme
Authors: Burgard Antoine
Published: September 2018

Les Canadian Jewish Archives à Montréal ont conservé plus de mille dossiers de demandes de visa d’orphelins de la Shoah ayant immigré au Canada à la fin des années 1940. À partir de ces dossiers, il est possible de renseigner les trajectoires individuelles des jeunes rescapés et surtout de saisir comment elles ont été retranscrites par l’administration. Cette source donne en effet à voir une écriture administrative singulière de la Shoah où la violence et le traumatisme apparaissent en filigrane. C’est cette mise en récit précoce du génocide que cet article se propose d’analyser. Son étude emprunte à la fois aux questionnements autour de l’usage des dossiers en sciences sociales et aux développements historiographiques récents sur l’enfance après la Shoah.
La microhistoire au prisme de l’exception
Authors: Ermakoff Ivan
Published: September 2018

À quelles conditions la microhistoire peut-elle s’extraire de la singularité de ses objets ? Cet article aborde la question à la lumière du cas « exceptionnel » (au sens où il est « hors-série ») de policiers français sabotant l’arrestation collective de juifs étrangers pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La microhistoire construit l’exception comme un « fait empirique total » en rendant possible le descriptif des systèmes d’action dans lesquels les acteurs sont insérés et l’analyse des effets d’interaction propres à ces systèmes selon la conjoncture. Appréhendé dans cette perspective, le cas d’exception permet d’interroger le bien-fondé de catégories usuelles de description et d’explication (apport critique), d’objectiver une classe de phénomènes ou de processus (apport paradigmatique) et de mettre en évidence leurs conditions de possibilité et d’émergence (apport heuristique).
La geografía en la revista de escuelas normales (1923-1936).
Authors: Herrero Fabregat Clemente
Published: September 2018

No disponible.
Extranjeros en España en 1991
Authors: Lora-Tamayo D'ocon Gloria
Published: September 2018

Extranjeros en España en 1991. En 1991 coinciden dos fuentes de singular importancia para el conocimiento del fenómeno inmigratorio en España: un censo de población y los datos estadísticos de la Regularización de trabajadores extranjeros y de sus familiares, llevada a cabo ese mismo año. En este trabajo se analizan los contrastes entre los extranjeros censados y los que acudieron a la Regularización y se realiza una estimación del volumen y características de la población de nacionalidad extranjera presente en España en esa fecha.

[fr] Étrangers en Espagne en 1991. A 1991 il y a una coïncidence de deux sources de particulière importance pour la connaissance du phénomène inmigratoire en Espagne: le Recensement de Population et les données statistiques de la Régularisation des Travailleurs étrangers et de ses familles qui eut lieu la même année. Dans ce travail on analyse les contrastes entre les étrangers recensés et ceux qui ont eu recours à la Régularisation. On a fait aussi une estimation du volume de population de nationalité étrangère en Espagne à cette date-là.
Latinoamérica y desarrollo, perspectivas y progresos a través de artículos en revistas geográficas alemanas y estadounidenses (1980-1994)
Authors: Martín Lou Mª Asunción , Sievers Merten
Published: September 2018

El artículo pretende dar una noción de lo que ha sido en los últimos años el estudio de la problemática del desarrollo en los países latinoamericanos dentro de la geografía alemana y estadounidense, a través de un estudio bibliográfico sobre este tema realizado en revistas geográficas de estos países y publicadas en los últimos quince años (1980-1994).
Problemática de la ganadería extensiva en España
Authors: J. Pardo Abad Carlos
Published: September 2018

La ganadería extensiva constituye un aprovechamiento ganadero claramente diferenciado de aquel otro basado en la intensificación de las producciones y desvinculado de bases territoriales concretas. Tradicional actividad económica en numerosas zonas españolas, en la actualidad padece una profunda crisis como consecuencia de la competencia planteada por la ganadería intensiva y la falta de capacidad de respuesta por parte de unos sistemas poco evolucionados y escasamente relacionados con circuitos comerciales de suficiente amplitud. Las salidas han sido diversas y los resultados no siempre positivos. Es necesaria la potenciación de la ganadería extensiva con medidas diversas desde la Administración, posible en un momento en que se han alcanzado óptimos niveles productivos y podía ser interesante la oferta de producciones de elevada calidad procedentes de la ganadería extensiva, ligada directamente a territorios concretos y a la utilización de unos ecosistemas de considerables potencialidades.
Características de la naturaleza y los paisajes de Cuba
Authors: Salinas Chavez Eduardo
Published: September 2018

La situación geográfica del archipiélago cubano en el borde suroccidental del anticiclón subtropical del Atlántico Norte, junto a su compleja evolución geólogo-geomorfológica y su carácter insular se constituyen en los factores naturales determinantes de su gran bio y geodiversidad; a lo que se ha impuesto una asimilación socio-económica del territorio particularmente intensa, anárquica e irracional en los últimos cuatro siglos, con una total despreocupación por nuestros valores y recursos naturales.
La población de Cuba. Su evolución y características actuales
Authors: Montiel Rodríguez Sonia
Published: September 2018

No disponible.
Aspectos territoriales de la actividad turística en Cuba
Authors: Salinas Chavez Eros
Published: September 2018

El turismo es una de las actividades más importantes en los planes de desarrollo socioeconómico cubano. En la estrategia del desarrollo del turismo se le ha dado prioridad al turismo internacional, como medio de captación de divisas, tan necesarias a la economía y para mejorar el nivel de vida de la población. También el desarrollo de un turismo integrado a la naturaleza (Ecoturismo) como forma de diversificar su producto turístico y utilizar los grandes potenciales naturales e histórico-culturales del país. El presente artículo aborda de forma amplia los principales aspectos de la actividad turística en Cuba. Así como el origen y evolución del turismo en la isla, los problemas territoriales del sector, la relación entre el desarrollo del turismo y la protección de la naturaleza y las perspectivas de un nuevo tipo de turismo para el país: el Ecoturismo.
La actividad apícola en la region de Murcia
Authors: Espejo Marín Cayetano
Published: September 2018

La Región de Murcia cuenta con unas excelentes condiciones para el desarrollo de la apicultura, debido a la abundancia de matorral, y de frutales y cítricos. La actividad apícola se desarrolla sobre todo en explotaciones con escaso soporte territorial, por lo que es frecuente la trashumancia por parte de los apicultores profesionales.

[fr] La région de Murcie dispose d'une série d'excellentes conditions favorisant le développement de l'apiculture, à cause de l'abondance de buissons, d'arbres fruitiers et d'agrumes. L'activité apicole se déroule surtout dans des exploitations à faible étendue, ce qui entraîne l'existence d'une transhumance fréquente chez les apiculteurs professionnels.