bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidarity and the future of global social policy: Looking for direction in local social activism
Authors: Cohen Shana
Published: April 2019

This article follows on from an article written by Bob Deacon on the global politics of social solidarity. The article suggests that in an era characterized by social division and exclusion, global social policy has to pay more attention to concepts like community and solidarity. In doing so, policymakers and policy analysts should consider the impact for local social activism of decades of neoliberal influence on global and national social policy, for instance, sub-contracting social programmes and targeting low-income groups in service provision. Drawing on research conducted from 2004–2017 on grassroots social activism in the United Kingdom, I suggest that shifting practices of solidarity at a local level, particularly as a response to austerity, can provide practical examples and a conceptual framework for global social policy. Rather than assume the existence of identifiable communities susceptible to change through policy intervention, policies should acknowledge the fluidity of local collective identity, which after years of economic pressure and cuts to social welfare, is based on managing and redistributing resources and protecting individual rights. These trends can underpin reform of social policy, namely investing in collective action, especially across diverse ethnic and religious groups, to sustain values, overcome economic and social marginalization, and encourage cooperation over division.
Questionable Insiders: Changing Positionalities of Interviewers throughout Stages of Migration Research
Authors: Pustulka Paula , Bell Justyna , Trąbka Agnieszka
Published: April 2019

This article addresses methodological issues related to the consequences of researchers’ range of insider identities that emerge over the course of completing subsequent stages of qualitative migration research projects. Taking on a temporal approach to the insider status evolving over the course of field entry, data collection, data analysis, and dissemination, this article engages with nuanced insider positionalities. These range from apparent, to trespassing, to distanced, and to ambassadorial insiderness. Exploring a specific case of Polish mobility, this article assumes a methodological focus and argues that being “on the inside” of the migration research field may go beyond gender, ethnicity, and social status when it is linked to a project’s life cycle.
A case of multiple myeloma presenting with uric acid kidney stones
Authors: Salameh Hassan , Sirac Christophe , Bender Sébastien , Hamadah Abdurrahman , Cornell Lynn D , Chiu April , Fornoni Alessia , Leung Nelson
Published: April 2019

Kidney disease is common in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients often present with acute kidney failure most commonly the result of light chain cast nephropathy. Presentation can also be in the form of nephrotic syndrome associated with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis or monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease and tubulopathy as in acquired light chain Fanconi syndrome. We present a case of a 56-year-old male with multiple myeloma who presented with chronic kidney disease and uric acid stones. Chemical analysis of the nephrolithiasis showed it to be entirely composed of uric acid. Fractional excretion of uric acid was elevated at 35.9%. Kidney biopsy was consistent with light chain proximal tubulopathy. Bone marrow biopsy showed 30% kappa light chain–restricted plasma cells. Genetic sequencing identified the light chain to be from the Vk1-33 subgroup. The patient was treated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone, with improvement of his kidney function. This case illustrates a rare presentation of multiple myeloma.
Platinum-group minerals from Seyba, Eastern Sayans, Russia, and substitutions in the PGE-rich pentlandite and ferhodsite series
Authors: Barkov Andrei Y. , Shvedov Gennadiy I. , Nikiforov Andrey A. , Martin Robert F.
Published: April 2019

Chromitite zones associated with ultramafic units of the Lysanskiy layered complex of dunite–peridotite–gabbro composition could well represent the primary source for the placers bearing platinum-group minerals (PGM) of the entire drainage of the River Sisim and its tributaries, the rivers Ko and Seyba, eastern Sayans. Alluvial gold present in the placers of River Seyba, as elsewhere in the Sisim Placer Zone, reflects mineralisation during a recent period of tectonic activity. We focus on the PGM in the Seyba suite, and in particular on the attributes of pentlandite enriched in platinum-group-elements (PGE) and the compositionally similar and recently defined ferhodsite, which were trapped in host grains of Os–Ir–Ru alloy. Both minerals formed from small volumes of fractionated Fe–Ni–Cu melt considerably enriched in the PGE. In the Seyba suite, as in several others, the amounts of PGE in ferhodsite exceeds that in pentlandite, which results in a greater proportion of vacancies than in pentlandite.
Global Cancer Burden and Natural Disasters: A Focus on Asia’s Vulnerability, Resilience Building, and Impact on Cancer Care
Authors: De Guzman Roselle , Malik Monica
Published: April 2019

The world has been witnessing more frequent and greater intensity weather-related disasters. Natural disasters hit every continent in the world. Asia has borne the brunt in terms of frequency and the total numbers of people affected. This is mainly because of Asia’s increasing population and its large and varied landmass, with multiple river basins, mountains, flood plains, and active seismic and volcanic zones. The Union for International Cancer Control New Global Cancer Date: GLOBOCAN 2018 has estimated the global cancer burden to have risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths. Asia constitutes roughly 60% of the world’s population. The region contributes nearly one half of new cancer cases and more than one half of cancer deaths worldwide. This increase in the regional burden of cancer is largely a result of socioeconomic growth and the increasing size and aging of the population. In addition to the increasing cancer cases, the string of natural disasters will cause heavy damage and a great human toll in Asia. Medical care for disaster-affected populations is focused traditionally on the management of immediate trauma and acute infections. For people with noncommunicable diseases, this presents a significant risk. Patients with cancer are especially susceptible to the disruptions that natural disasters can cause. Their special needs are largely neglected. There is a need to refocus and expand disaster risk reduction strategies and resources to include patients with noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, because these conditions are generating the bulk of disability, ill health, and premature death around the globe. Having the world’s biggest burden of cancer, Asia will definitely be facing these challenges.
Identifying Pathogenic Variants of Monogenic Diabetes Using Targeted Panel Sequencing in an East Asian Population
Authors: Park Seung Shin , Jang Se Song , Ahn Chang Ho , Kim Jung Hee , Jung Hye Seung , Cho Young Min , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Chae Jong Hee , Kim Jae Hyun , Choi Sung Hee , Jang Hak C , Bae Jee Cheol , Won Jong Cheol , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Jong-Il , Kwak Soo Heon , Park Kyong Soo
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Monogenic diabetes is a specific type of diabetes in which precision medicine could be applied. In this study, we used targeted panel sequencing to investigate pathogenic variants in Korean patients with clinically suspected monogenic diabetes.

Methods

The eligibility criteria for inclusion were patients with nontype 1 diabetes with age at onset ≤30 years and body mass index (BMI) ≤30 kg/m2. Among the 2090 patients with nontype 1 diabetes, 109 had suspected monogenic diabetes and underwent genetic testing. We analyzed 30 monogenic diabetes genes using targeted panel sequencing. The pathogenicity of the genetic variants was evaluated according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines.

Results

Among the 109 patients with suspected monogenic diabetes, 23 patients (21.1%) harbored pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. A total of 14 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of common maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes were identified in GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, and HNF1B. Other pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in WFS1, INS, ABCC8, and FOXP3. The mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G variant was identified in five participants. Patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants had a significantly higher MODY probability, a lower BMI, and a lower C-peptide level than those without pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, and P = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusions

Using targeted panel sequencing followed by pathogenicity evaluation, we were able to make molecular genetic diagnoses for 23 patients (21.1%) with suspected monogenic diabetes. Lower BMI, higher MODY probability, and lower C-peptide level were characteristics of these participants.
Endothelial Function, Adipokine Serum Levels, and White Matter Hyperintesities in Subjects With Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Tuttolomondo Antonino , Di Raimondo Domenico , Casuccio Alessandra , Guercio Giovanni , Del Cuore Alessandro , Puleo Maria Grazia , Della Corte Vittoriano , Bellia Chiara , Caronia Aurelio , Maida Carlo , Pecoraro Rosaria , Simonetta Irene , Gulotta Gaspare , Ciaccio Marcello , Pinto Antonio
Published: April 2019

Context

No study has analyzed the prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in subjects with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) and their relationship to adipokine serum levels and indexes of endothelial and cognitive performance.

Objective

To evaluate omentin and vaspin serum levels and the prevalence of WMHs in subjects with DFS and to analyze their relationship with other endothelial, arterial stiffness, and cognitive functions.

Design

Case-control study enrolling 40 subjects with DFS, 40 diabetic subjects without foot complications, 40 controls with foot lesions without diabetes, and 40 patients without diabetes mellitus.

Main Outcome Measures

Pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index, reactive hyperemia index (RHI), serum vaspin and omentin levels, Fazekas score, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results

Subjects with DFS showed higher mean PWV values when compared with diabetic controls and lower RHI values when compared with controls. They also showed a lower mean MMSE score, significantly lower omentin serum levels, and a higher prevalence of grade 2 severity of periventricular hyperintensities (PVHs). We observed a significant positive correlation between PWV and PVH and between Fazekas score and PWV among diabetic subjects, whereas among subjects with diabetic foot we observed a significant negative correlation between PVH and RHI.

Conclusions

Diabetes seems to be more associated with endothelial function disturbance in comparison with patients with diabetic foot that exhibit a more strict association with microvascular brain damage as indicated by our significant finding of an association with PVHs.
Effect of Obesity and Exercise Training on Plasma Amino Acids and Amino Metabolites in American Indian Adolescents
Authors: Short Kevin R , Chadwick Jennifer Q , Teague April M , Tullier Mary A , Wolbert Lisa , Coleman Charlotte , Copeland Kenneth C
Published: April 2019

Context

Amino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are altered with obesity and may be predictive of future diabetes in adults, but there are fewer studies on AAs, as well as conflicting findings on how they vary with obesity, in adolescents.

Objective

To determine whether plasma AAs vary with body composition and insulin sensitivity and are altered in response to exercise training.

Design

Cross-sectional, and an exercise intervention.

Setting

Tribal wellness center.

Participants

American Indian boys and girls, 11 to 17 years of age with obesity (Ob, n = 58) or normal weight (NW, n = 36).

Intervention

The Ob group completed 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training.

Main Outcome Measure

A panel of 42 plasma AAs.

Results

Compared with the NW group, the Ob group had lower aerobic fitness and insulin sensitivity (interactive homeostasis model assessment 2), 17 AAs that were higher, and 7 AAs that were lower. Branched-chain AAs (+10% to 16%), aromatic AAs (+15% to 32%), and glutamate were among the higher AAs; all were positively correlated with body fat and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity. The lysine metabolite 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) and the valine metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were 47% higher and 29% lower, respectively, in the Ob group, and were positively (2-AAA) and negatively (BAIBA) correlated with insulin sensitivity. Exercise training increased aerobic fitness by 10%, but body composition, insulin sensitivity, and AAs were not significantly changed.

Conclusions

Several plasma AAs are altered in American Indian adolescents with obesity and are associated with insulin sensitivity, but they were not altered with this exercise intervention.
Long-Term Cortisol Exposure and Associations With Height and Comorbidities in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Savas Mesut , Wester Vincent L , Dykgraaf Ramon H M , van den Akker Erica L T , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Dessens Arianne B , de Graaff Laura C G , de Rijke Yolanda B , van Rossum Elisabeth F C
Published: April 2019

Context

Turner syndrome (TS) usually manifests in traits as short stature and premature ovarian failure. Many patients also have an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders and psychological distress, which are features that overlap with those of a prolonged state of hypercortisolism.

Objective

To investigate whether TS is associated with increased long-term cortisol concentrations as measured in scalp hair and whether these are linked to cardiometabolic and psychological parameters.

Design

Prospective observational case-control study.

Setting

Academic outpatient TS expertise center.

Participants

Fifty-five patients with TS (53% 45,X karyotype), and 110 age-matched female community control subjects from the general population–based Lifelines cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures

Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), anthropometrics, biochemical parameters, and psychological questionnaires for perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale–14), fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength–20), and health-related quality of life (RAND-36).

Results

Compared with control subjects, patients with TS had higher HCC [geometric mean, 3.51 pg/mg (95% CI, 2.64 to 4.65) vs 2.39 pg/mg (2.13 to 2.68); P = 0.003] and a worse cardiometabolic profile in terms of fasting glucose, and triglycerides. HCC was only associated with total cholesterol levels (standardized β = 0.294; P = 0.047) and was not associated with the psychological outcomes. A higher HCC was inversely associated with height only in patients with TS (standardized β = −0.307; P = 0.023).

Conclusion

Patients with TS are chronically exposed to higher cortisol levels, which is associated with short stature and increased total cholesterol levels, and potentially contributes to the known elevated cardiovascular disease risk.
Projeto GOPED: Educando futuros médicos e comunidade sobre Oncologia Pediátrica. Relato de experiência em um centro Universitário
Authors: Hoss Gabriela , Perusato Paula , Evangelista Jr Mario Correa , Michalowski Mariana Bohns
Published: April 2019

Algumas doenças são muitas vezes estigmatizadas devido ao medo que causam ou ao pouco conhecimento que se tem. O câncer infantil é uma delas. Devido à faixa etária acometida, à ausência de um fator causal específico, e ao medo em relação ao seu prognóstico, costuma ser um tópico pouco discutido. Apesar disto, na nossa realidade, o câncer já representa a principal causa de morte por doença na infância, correspondendo a 8% entre crianças e adolescentes de 1 a 19 anos. Dessa forma, pode-se perceber a necessidade de reformular alguns conceitos relativos a este tipo de doença.  Com base nessa perspectiva, iniciativas devem ser realizadas com o intuito de instruir tanto a comunidade acadêmica quanto a população geral sobre o câncer infantil. Essas medidas podem impactar e serem muito eficazes na redução de morbimortalidade, visto que promovem o diagnóstico precoce, ou seja, detecção do câncer no seu estágio inicial. O Grupo de Extensão em Oncologia Pediátrica, GoPed, do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foi criado com a finalidade de promover educação em saúde com conceitos corretos e atualizados desse tipo de doença junto a comunidade acadêmica e sociedade através de aulas expositivas, debates e esclarecimento de dúvidas acerca deste diagnóstico. O grupo é formado por alunos de medicina e professores vinculados ao setor de oncologia pediátrica do HCPA e realiza, através de reuniões entre os integrantes, um programa de aulas específicas para cada tipo de plateia, promovendo uma discussão mais aberta com comunidade leiga no assunto e, por outro lado, com maior aprofundamento para profissionais da saúde. De acordo com a experiência adquirida até o presente momento, pode-se perceber que tanto a população em geral quanto os profissionais de saúde têm pouco conhecimento relativo a oncologia infantil. A atividade do grupo permitiu a mudança de conceitos e instrução tanto de parte da sociedade quanto da da comunidade acadêmica.  A partir deste projeto inicial, o grupo pretende ampliar a divulgação através da confecção de folderes informativos para que mais alunos, profissionais da saúde e população possam ter acesso ao tema a fim de qualificar a assistência em saúde.
Use of a new pneumatic system to support capillary microperfusion in surgical wound healing: an animal model
Authors: Mejzlik Jan , Skoloudik Lukas , Cerny Michal , Ryska Ales , Radochova Vera , Pellantova Vera , Chrobok Viktor
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To test the efficacy of the a developed medical device, based on the principle of mechanical support of capillary microperfusion.

Method:

In this pilot study involving experimental animals, each pig had two standardised surgical wounds. A cuff that delivered pneumatic three-second micropulses was applied to the wound designated as the ‘experimental wound’. The pressure inside the cuff was kept at a level <10mmHg so that during the pulse, the pressure would decrease by one third of the established value. The second wound, designated as the ‘control wound’, was covered with a standard dressing. Over the course of five days, the pressure inside the cuff was monitored. After the five days, the experimental animal was euthanised and two specimens were collected for histological analysis (one sample from each wound site). Wound healing parameters for the experimental and control wounds were examined by a pathologist. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

In this study, 10 experimental animals were used. The average pressure in the cuffs was 8.46mmHg (standard deviation: 3.86). No disparities in wound healing were observed in cases of different average pressures in the experimental wound. With respect to wound healing parameters, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in favour of the experimental wound. The occurrence of histological signs of poor healing was identical in both study wounds.

Conclusion:

The study shows that a device for the support of capillary microperfusion of the surgical wound had a positive effect. It was confirmed that the mechanical support system of capillary microperfusion was safe and reliable.
Application of acellular human dermis and skin grafts for lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Kim Youn Hwan , Hwang Kyu Tae , Kim Ki Ho , Sung Il Hoon , Kim Sang Wha
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To use both acellular human dermis and skin grafting simultaneously for improved skin grafting without contracture. The study also aims to address the lack of research on the application of an acellular human dermis in diverse clinical cases.

Method:

The study examined patients who had received acellular human dermis (CGDerm, CGBio, Seoul, Korea) and split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) simultaneously for lower limb, full-thickness skin defects between September 2012 and June 2014. The researchers performed chart reviews retrospectively and examined the patients based on the following factors: gender, age, injury mechanism, size, exposed structure, pre-coverage dressing method, coverage method, post-operational engraftment and total healing period, contracture development, elasticity, and infection development.

Results:

A sample of 27 patients with a total of 30 wounds took part in the study. Of these wounds, 29 showed successful engraftment without infection or contracture. In one case, continued seroma was observed and, following new coverage of both the acellular human dermis and STSG, engraftment was successful.

Conclusion:

Human dermis can play an important role in securing the availability of surrounding tissue and in contracture prevention, both of which are key to lower limb reconstruction. Of the types available, acellular human dermis showed lower infection rates than other human dermis types, and its engraftment rate was higher than in STSG-only cases. These findings suggest that acellular human dermis use in STSG is effective and safe in lower limb reconstruction.
SALBUTAMOL
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: April 2019

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of Tweets. This month she is talking about #Salbutamol
Continuing professional development for prescribing: what's next?
Authors: Paterson Ruth
Published: April 2019

Ruth Paterson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the articles in more detail, a full reference is provided
Realising the digital ambitions of the NHS
Authors: Lewis Charlotte
Published: April 2019

It is widely recognised that the radical change the NHS needs can only be delivered through brave thinking. Good progress has been made, but there is much still left to do, says Charlotte Lewis
The role of mindfulness in medical practice
Authors: Sanders Christopher
Published: April 2019

Finding the joy in the present moment is often discussed as a noble aim for all of us, but can the practice of mindfulness really deliver on this? Christopher Sanders explains
Healthy eating in pregnancy
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: April 2019

It is important for health professionals in primary care to discuss pregnant women's eating habits, in addition to considering healthy foods in pregnancy to help prevent obesity and overweight in later life, says Amy Noakes
Efficiency through improved technology
Authors: McCutcheon Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Jonathan McCutcheon explains how the digital first model for primary care in England can help create greater convenience and efficiencies for patients and practitioners
Jordan Triple Product Homomorphisms on Triangular Matrices to and from Dimension One
Authors: Kokol Bukovsek Damjana , Mojskerc Blaz
Published: April 2019

A map $\Phi$ is a Jordan triple product (JTP for short) homomorphism whenever $\Phi(A B A)= \Phi(A) \Phi(B) \Phi(A)$ for all $A,B$. We study JTP homomorphisms on the set of upper triangular matrices $\mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$, where $\Ff$ is the field of real or complex numbers. We characterize JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{C}) \to \mathbb{C}$ and JTP homomorphisms $\Phi: \mathbb{F} \to \mathcal{T}_n(\mathbb{F})$. In the latter case we consider continuous maps and the implications of omitting the assumption of continuity.
Innocence, Naivety, Directness: Children in Sylvia Townsend Warner’s Fiction
Authors: Montefiore Jan
Published: April 2019

This essay argues that Warner’s frequent portrayals of children in her mid-century fiction, particularly her short stories, are closely connected with her sharp critiques of bourgeois conventionality (‘The Cold’, ‘Noah’s Ark’) and of fascism (‘Apprentice’, ‘View Halloo’). Thanks to their unembarrassed clarity of perception and direct self-expression, Warner’s children openly voice the aggression and/or heartless indifference shared by their (usually) politer elders. This dark vision is partly alleviated in Warner’s later work by stories in which children’s fresh perceptions allow them respond sensitively to the beauty of music, poetry, fur growing on a cat’s nose or a wild garden.
Nikah Mut'ah: Kajian Atas Argumentasi Syi'ah
Authors: Machasin Machasin
Published: April 2019

Temporary marriage or nikah mut'ah is a phenomenon that occurs within Islam. Nevertheless the ulama differ in their opinions of its validity. The majority of Sunni Muslims believe that this type of marriage was originally permitted but later forbidden. Whereas the Shi'ah group believe that contract marriage is permitted, and some of them even recommend it. Yet, it seems that the arguments they propose all have their weaknesses because temporary can still be disputed. Because of these problems, we should bring the issue of contract marriage back to the principles oflslamic teachings which hold human dignity in high esteem, value the ability of people to find the truth, and provide guidance to channel biological desires responsibly. As long as temporary marriage does not contradict these values the validity is maintained, but if it opposes these values then the prohibition cannot be denied.
Nikah Mut'ah Dalam Kitab Tafsir Al-Qur'an
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Mut'ah marriage, as a temporary married, was once permitted by the Prophet in the context of war. In the latter period of his apostolacy, the Prophet Muhammad prohibited it. Both the permission and prohibition of this mut' ah marriage are to be found within the realm of the hadith, and differences of opinion about their validity may arise. Meanwhile there is no verse in the al-Qur'an that specifically refers to this concept of mut'ah marriage. Nevertheless the majority of commentators touch on the issue of mut'eh marriage when faced with QS. al-Nisa (4): 24. Through this paper, the Prophet attempts to expose the opinions of a number of commentators on these verses concerning mut'ah marriage. Most commentators view it as something forbidden, in accordance with the prohibition made by the Prophet late in his life.
Homoseksual Dalam Tafsir Klasik dan Kontemporer
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: April 2019

The Alqur'an states that there are two kinds of sexual orientation in the history of mankind: heterosexuality and homosexuality. Nevertheless, the Alqur'an only acknowledges marriages of the first kind. There are many verses that stress that finding a partner (always a partner of the opposite sex) represents sunnatullah. In addition, the Alqur'an also criticizes the homosexual acts of the people of Lut, who is later punished by God. In this article Abdul Mustaqim goes further to cite the views of some commentators that contrary to what some people believe, homosexual potential is about nurture and not nature.
Abortus Provokatus Dalam Perspektif Yuridis
Authors: Muyassarotussolichah Muyassarotussolichah
Published: April 2019

In the Indonesian Code of Criminal Law (KUHP) abortus provocatus criminalis is forbidden and subject to a criminal punishment regardless of the circumstances under which it is conducted. This punishment applies both to the person who undergoes the abortion and also to those persons who assist. This is regulated in passages 346, 347, 348 and 349 of the Criminal Code. Meanwhile in Law No. 23 of 1992, passage 15 in conjunction with passages 80, 81 and 82 which concern health, an exception is made concerning abortion for medical reasons, also known as abortus provocatus medicinalis. The legal sanctions applied to people who have abortions vary from fines to imprisonment. Imprisonment is set out in terms of the maximum, not minimum sentence, so that in practice the court sentence is often very light compared to the legal sanctions listed in the criminal code. In terms of fines, the criminal code itself does not sanction fines for those persons who have abortions, but this matter is further regulated in Law No. 23 of 1992 concerning health, which stipulates a maximal fine of Rp. 500.000.000,- (Five hundred million rupiah).
Kepemimpinan Publik Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Perbandingan Mazhab
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto
Published: April 2019

Functionally speaking, judges and heads of the states are the two most strategic positions. The policies issued by those bureaucrats are very influential for the society. Therefore, these kinds of professions require significant responsibilities and certain qualifications. At this point, the capability of women to hold those positions is questioned. Generally speaking, almost all classical ulama maintained that women are not allowed to be judges, let alone to be the heads of a state. The reason given for this prohibition is that women are biologically seen as unable to perform such a task. However, contemporary ulama emphasized more on the capability of human being, be they men or women, to hold such a position. Moreover, these ulama applied a contextual approach in reading the Islamic texts.
Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Kajian Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah (Telaah Analisis Gender)
Authors: Wahid Wawan Gunawan Abd
Published: April 2019

Within the world of patriarchy, it is very important to examine the issue of the leadership of women. This very issue, which was latent within the Islamic tradition, reappears in line with the emerging awareness on the needs of women to gain wider roles in the public sphere. The issue of women leadership is responded by various individuals and institutions. Amongst the institutions concern with the issue is the Majelis Tarjih and the division of the Development of Islamic Thought of the Muhammadiyah, These institutions pay special attention to the issue of the leadership of women within the areas of mu 'amalah and 'ibadah, One proof of the appreciation of the Majelis Tarjih on this issue is their attempts to examine various religious issues within the frame of gender analysis.
Membedah Trilogi Keluarga Qur'ani Telaah Semantik Epistemologi Sakinah, Mawaddah dan Rahmah dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Imron Ali
Published: April 2019

"Qur'anic" family is a family based on the basis of harmony (sakinah), affection (mawaddah), and love (rahmah). The ideal Qur'anic family is a family that is not only valuable for its own members but is also meaningful for its surrounding families. In other words, the Qur'anic family is individually, socially and vertically good family. The individually good family is reflected by the personal piety of the family members, and the socially good family could be seen from their concerns on amar ma 'riifnahi munkar (promoting good deeds and prohibiting bad deeds) and on distributing the zakat (tithe). In addition, the vertically good family is reflected by the family's piety to God and His messengers.
Pornografi dan Pornoaksi Dalam Perspektif Hadis
Authors: Najwah Nurun
Published: April 2019

Issues on pornography and porno action have actually been circulated around since a long time, probably as early as human civilization developed. In Indonesia, however, pornography has become the centre of debates when a legal draft on anti pornography and porno action was socialized. There are pro and contra camps developed in respond to the issue and legal draft proposed by the DPR. This article attempts to elaborate the reported written traditions of the Prophet with regard to porn issues: in what ways and how deep did the Prophet say about pornography? As far as the author's research is concerned, she has no trace of any single hadis that directly addressing pornography or porn pictures in the same way the Prophet responded to other problems of his time through hadis. This article therefore seeks to discover how far the Prophet had appreciated graphic arts and how he had set certain behaviors that might lead to illicit sexuality. It is found that the Prophet had required that Muslims should observe several practices that will prevent them from falling into illegitimate sexual engagements, such as covering up the aurat (shame), two people sharing one blanket, and courtship in privacy. While giving such warnings, however, the Prophet did not explicitly set penalties to those who have transgressed the boundaries.
Konstruksi Perempuan Dalam Televisi (Pendekatan Ekonomi-Politik)
Authors: Syahputra Iswandi
Published: April 2019

In several television programs, women are constructed as representation of reality, not as reflection of reality. Those representations trend to exploit woman sexually. This article describes how women has been constructed in television using political economic media approach. Political economic media studies reveal several economic and political interests behind television programs which involved women.
Kedudukan dan Hak-Hak Anak Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an (Sebuah Kajian dengan Metode Tafsir Tematik)
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: April 2019

The Qur'an is very appreciative toward children's issues. This can be seen from the number of Qur'anic verses addressing the affairs of children, especially their rights. In the real life, however, parents and governments have not paid adequate attention to the rights of children. This article aims to elaborate the rights of children as they are invoked in the Qur'an. By employing a mudlu'i method of interpreting the Qur'an, it can be concluded that the Qur'an has conceptualized children as folows: 1) they are God's gift whose presence should be gratified; 2) children are a trust (amanat) from  God whose rights should be guaranteed; and 3) children are as a test (fitnah) for parents' patience. In order to implement the idea of children as precious gifts who generate happiness and proud (qurrata a'yun), the rights of children should be respected. Some of their basic rights are: 1) to live a good life; 2) to receive breast feeding for up to two years; 3) to adhere to religion; 4) to have education free of violence; 5) to express their opinions.
Anak Dalam Islam Perspektif Historis dan Sosiologis
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on children in Islam within historical and sociological perspectives. Children are the investment of both parent and society. They have to seriously take care of, shape, and develop the children's potentions. Historically, there was discrimination against woman children during the dark ages and, then Islam came and brought the idea of humanity and equality. The concept of humanity and equality places all children equally before God and society, in relation to their functions and roles. Infact, social, economic and cultural repression is the reason for the exploitation and violence against children.
Pendidikan Anak Dalam Perspektif Islam (Book Review)
Authors: Hidayat Aat
Published: April 2019

Judul : Menjadi Orang tua Bijak, Solusi Kreatif Menangani Pelbagai Masalah Pada AnakPenulis : Abdul MustaqimPenerbit : Al-Bavan MizanTahun : Juni 2005Tebal : 212 him (termasuk indeks)
Re-Interpretasimenstrual Taboo Dalam Al-Qur'an: Menggagas Fiqih Egalitas-Humanis
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa
Published: April 2019

This article is intended to re-exanune and offer a new interpretation to the Qur'anic verses dealing with the issues of menstruation. One of the major problems in the Qur'an is the fact that it is the basic maraji' and mashadir (references) for the formulation of Islamic law and advices on religious matters. In many cases people fail to differentiate between the Qur'an and books of Qur'anic interpretation; the Qur'an has been equated with exegesis of the Qur'an. Further, the Muslim scholars who wrote tafsir are mostly male and live in a patriarchal society, accordingly patriarchal values penetrates into their thoughts. Besides this patriarchal bias in the interpretation, the social realities of Muslims have changed too, in a speed pace. Consequently, the formulation of Islamic fiqh should be changed appropriately to address the current issues, including the idea of menstrual taboo by re-interpreting the Qur'an. This article is therefore not only offering a new light to the interpretation of the text which promotes humanitarian and egalitarian values but also identifying the patriarchal biases in the process of interpreting the Qur'an.
Pendekatan Hermeneutik Dalam Hadis-Hadis Tentang Wali Nikah
Authors: Marhumah Ema
Published: April 2019

This article examines a number of Prophetic traditions Ouulits) dealing with wali (guardianship) in the context of marriage contract ('aqdun nikah) using a hermeneutical approoch. There are many approoches and assumptions with regard to studying the issue of wali. The author argues that it is necessary to link the study of waliwith that of Arabian culture. Having studied the discourse of wali mentioned in a number of hadits, as well as put them in the contexts of Islamic massage and Arabian culture, the writer concludes that the hadits dealing with wali have indeed a temporal function, and addressed to minors (children not reaching their adulthood) and those who lack capability to take care and manage their own lives. Thus the author suggests that patriarchal culture which discriminate adult, intelligent women to act as waliin the event of marriage slwuld be reviewed in order to create egalitarian society.
Pengembangan Sains dan Perempuan Potret Semangat Ajaran Islam
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi
Published: April 2019

In the current phase of modernity, according to observation, the condition of women is still positioned as a subordinate being and is only for domestic "use". This vulnerable and dangerous position has made women into the object of releasing violence in many aspects of life not excluding the aspect of industrializing science and technology. This condition is an empiric-visual shape which indicates that patriarchal culture still reigns in life and has infected its way to education. If discussed and understood, this condition is very reflective of true Islamic teachings. By looking at such conditions, this text tries to re,discuss the spirit of Islamic teaching in the context of developing science that is based on equality.
Ilmuan Wanita dan Diskursus Sains (Ilmu Pengetahuan)
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: April 2019

According to current research, the European commission reports that this year the number of women who receive a PhD (doctorate) reaches 40% or even more for "life sciences", but only 15% of European industrial researchers are women. Especially in Latin America 60% of technological doctors are women, and 59% are in Argentina. However, women aren't playing a significant role in scientific decisions. For example in 1998 at the National Science Foundation Board in the US, only 8 out of 24 of its members are women or 33.3%. Thereby the profile of women must actually still be supported in the context of progressing science that they deserve. Other than focusing on discussing the discourses of science by looking at the origins and the development that until now has produced the Islamic golden age, this article will also give in,depth informationon a few female scientists that has given the world a gift in its struggle to respond to science in the present day. This is not meant to dream of past glory but to sober-up the Moslem men and women to help each other in thinking of the importance of science and as soon as possible watch the development of science and technology right now!
Meninjau Ulang Wacana Spiritualitas dan Perempuan
Authors: Rohmaniyah Inayah
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the concept of spirituality and its relation to feminism, and investigates feminist critics upon religion and women's spirituality in the history of institutionalized religion. It eventually examines the important role of Muslim women's reading on the authenticity of women's spirituality in Islam. Spirituality has to do with an age,old human quest to seek fulfillment in the process of being human, liberation and pointers towards transcendence. Feminism emerged as a new awareness in understanding reality and questioned the existing of androcentric, sexist and patriarchal construction of religion and spirituality. Women's involvement in the process of reading religious texts is imperative in attempt to produce more egalitarian and just reading. Muslim Women's readings arrive at conclusion that the authenticity of one's spirituality, female and male, is determined by one's piety (taqwa) which is identified by one's ability to recognize constraints and preserve equilibrium within her/his life. Piety is the ability to balance individual autonomous reasoning with social hegemony and the natural divine laws, to balance the moral-religious exhortation with reason, knowledge and experience, to balance the heart and mind. It has no relation with gender or sex.
A Spiritual Journey or A Journey Through Spirituality: The Haji in Women's Accounts
Authors: Prazic Ivana
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena haji yang dipahami sebagai perjalanan spiritual dan sekaligus bistotis dan sosial, terkait dengan pengalaman individu, framework Muslimah feminis, serta konteks historis dan sosial kontemporer dimana perempuan-petempuaiv yang menjadi responden ini hidup dan bekerja, yaitu di tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Artikel berupaya menggali pengalaman spiritual sebagai sesuatu yang terstruktur secata sosial maupun metafor dalam memori tiga perempuan, yang dipilih penulis untuk menjadi responden, yang melakukan perjalanan ke Tanah suci Makkah. Penulis mencoba menciptakan bentuk tulisan yang mempertemukan dan mengaburkan batas antara cerita tentang sebuah perjalanan, penyuguhan cetua, dan penulisan akademis, sehingga diharapkan dapat terhindar dari problem penjajahan penulis terhadap wacana. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan adalah pendekatan yang dapat menempatkan cetua tentangperjalanan haji tersebut menjadi sebuahfenomena historis dan pengalaman dari perspektif teologi feminis pasca kolonial.
Perempuan, Agama dan Respon Poskolonial (Mengurai Ketegangan Diskursif) (Book Review)
Authors: Dzuhayatin Siti Ruhaini
Published: April 2019

Judul Buku : Gendering the Spirit: Women, Religion and Post-Colonial RespondEditor : Durre S. AhmedPenerbit : The Heirich Boll FoundationTahun : 2000Tebal : xvi+ 277
Nilai Pembuktian Saksi Perempuan Dalam Hukum Islam
Authors: Wahyudi Muhamad Isna
Published: April 2019

Female witness in Islamic Law as understood by the Islamic jurists is a half of that of male. The Quran also states it distinctly in 2:282. Of course, it seems to be discriminative against women. The question now, does that provision prevail temporally or universally? What is the historical situation proceeding the provision? According to the author, the provision that female witness is a half of that of male is temporal and not universal. It needs two women to bear witness to be equal with the male witness due to the lack of women experience in public matters. So if one is hesitate to bear witness, another is able to remind her. It is important to note that at the time of revelation, the roles of women in Arabia were generally restricted in domestic sector. Therefore, at this time when the women have equal chance with the men to reach higher study, work in public sector and be the president of a nation, it is supposed to treat female witness equal with that of male.
Efek Pernikahan Dini: Sebuah Pertimbangan Bahaya Sosial dan Kesehatan
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: April 2019

The phenomena of child marriages have been assumed to have significant correlation with patriarchal society and culture which is characterized by gender biases. Many today's communities who endorse child marriages are still ignorant of the negative impacts of such child marriages. Many studies have showed that child marriages have resulted in unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, high number of divorce, human trafficking, as well as unemployment. This article argues ihat child marriage may not only endanger the physical wellbeing of the brides, but also their mental and social health.
Konsep Mahram dalam Al-Quran (Implikasinya Bagi Mobilitas Kaum Permpuan di Ranah Publik)
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: April 2019

This article describes the concept of mahram in the Qur' an. The word mahram is mentioned 83 times in the Qur'an, and it relates or addresses to various issues: from food, bank interest to kinships. This present study discusses the mahram concept in its relation to kinship in which marriage between the designated kin is for bidden. Mahr am has been usually associated with the restrictions of women travelling alone, without accompanying mahram. However, such restriction is not found in the Qur' an but in the hadus literature. Nowadays women have participated in public affairs and traveled around the world. How shall we reconcile the idea of mahram in the Qur'an, hadits and social contexts of our time? This study suggests that the Qur'anic idea of mahram is for maintaining the familial chain particularly among those for whom marrying each other is not permissible. It is not for prohibiting women from travelling. In the latter concern, the the guarding of women's safety might be replaced by social system.
Mahram Pada Safar Perempuan Dalam Tinjauan Sosiologis (Menjembatani Realitas Muslim Klasik dan Kekinian)
Authors: Permana Aramdhan Kodrat
Published: April 2019

The idea of the inclusion of mahram for women travelling is an alternative and necessary instrument for the safety and comfort of women. This article anlayzes the concept ogf mahram from a sociological perspective. Socio. historically argue that the hadits of mahram was produced by the Prophet to guarantee the safety of women while they travelling. Mahram here functions like the security guard for the women. In understanding the hadith in our today's context, the rationale or "illah" of this hadits should be taken into account. Sociologically we might find significances of re-eaxamining the concept of mahram and women travelling. At least two significances arise: 1) Changes in women's capacity and roles; 2) Development of the security system, from one which based on human person to regulationas and advancement of transportation technology.
Perempuan Dalam Revivalisme (Gerakan Revivalisme Islam dan Politik Anti Feminisme di Indonesia)
Authors: Zuhdi M Nurdin
Published: April 2019

Conversations about women will never cease to be discussed. Because of concerns about women's studies has always been an issue that attracts attention. But unfortunately, the conversation about women in Islam has always rested on the conclusion that Islam is less or even no female friendly. It has been proven in every blade of which is recorded by history in which the marginalization of women is still happening everywhere and in almost all fields, both in the workplace, in households, communities, cultures and even countries. Marginalization of women does not only occur in Islam alone, even going in the other major religions such as Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism. And in conversation, every woman always on the contested positions, especially in the discourse of the Islamic revival movement that will be discussed in this article. Movement of Islamic revivalism has thought that leads to return to the teachings of religion. However, in the context of women who claimed to be returning to the teachings of religion is a house of women, ie. women returning to domestication. Here, the struggle against the rise of the women's movement into thinking clashed with the Islamic revival. This article tried to explain the thoughts and ideas of the Islamic revival movement and their implications for the progress and the rise of women in Indonesia.