bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusûlü’l-Üsrûşenî Adlı Eserin Hanefî Fıkıh Literatürüne Katkısı Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Gedik Şerif
Published: November 2023

Mâverâünnehir’den Osmanlı coğrafyasına, buradan Hindistan’a kadar birçok farklı bölgede kaleme alınan Hanefî fakihlerine ait fürû-i fıkıh ve fetâvâ eserlerini etkileyen Fusûlü’l-Üsrûşenî başta Osmanlı şeyhülislâmları olmak üzere birçok kadı ve müftünün eserlerine kaynaklık etmiştir. Bazı kaynaklarda döneminin müctehid âlimlerinden olduğu ifade edilen Ebü’l-Feth Mecdüddîn el-Üsrûşenî’ye ait olan eserin özellikle Osmanlı coğrafyasında etkisi daha fazla hissedilmiştir. Yargılama hukuku ile muâmelâta dair konuları ihtiva eden eserin gündelik hayatta karşılaşılan bazı sorunlar ile mahkeme ve resmi mercilere iletilen bazı konuları ele alması, eserin kaynak olarak kullanılma yoğunluğunun artmasına önemli katkı sunmuştur. Bu çalışmayla, eserin Hanefî fıkıh literatürü içerisinde muteber kabul edilen bazı kaynaklar üzerindeki etkisinden hareketle literatüre katkısını ortaya koymanın yanı sıra günümüz araştırmacılarının esere olan ilgisini artırmak ve yeni çalışmalar için esere dikkat çekilmesi umulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Mecdüddîn el-Üsrûşenî’nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında kısaca bilgiler verilmesi, Fusûlü’l-Üsrûşenî adlı eserin şekil ve muhteva özelliklerinin, kaynaklarının ve yazma nüshalarının incelenmesi bu eserin Hanefî fürû-i fıkhına yönelik şerh ve haşiyeler ile Osmanlı şeyhülislâm ve kadılarına ait bazı fetâvâ tarzı eserlerine kaynaklık etmesinin araştırılması ve eserden yapılan bazı iktibasların örnekleriyle birlikte aktarılması hedeflenmiştir.
Molla Sadrâ’nın Tanrı Kanıtlaması
Authors: Yiğit Fevzi
Published: November 2023

Bu makalenin yazılış amacı, Tanrı ispatlamasının, “metafizik gelenekte” varlık üzerinden yapıldığına dikkatleri çekmektir. Örneğin İslâm felsefesinin klasik dönem en büyük filozofu İbn Sînâ Tanrı kanıtlamasını “varlık olması açısından varlığın” idrakine dayandırmış ve bunu ancak sıddıklar dediği seçkin insan grubunun anlayabileceğini dile getirmiştir. Bu delili bir adım ileri götürerek varlığın birliği öğretisini tesis eden metafizikçi İbnü’l-Arabî’dir. Molla Sadrâ ise varlık hakkındaki yaptığı yetkin açıklamalarla delili sistematik ve gelişmiş bir forma ulaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Molla Sadrâ’nın Tanrı kanıtlaması varlık temelinde kapsamlı ve bütüncül olarak ele alınmıştır. Makaleyi teşkil eden alt başlıklar oluşturulurken Molla Sadrâ’nın Mefâtihu’l-gayb adlı eseri esas alınmıştır. O, bu eserde var olması bakımından varlığı, “akıl, nefis ve cisimden ibaret olan” üç çeşit cevheri ve arazı Tanrı’nın varlığına delil kılmıştır. Bunlara varlığın en yetkin formlarından birisi olan insan-ı kâmili de ekleyebiliriz. Yine Molla Sadrâ müstakil başlık altında incelemese de varlığın zihinsel formalarına dair -ontolojik ve imkân delillerine- anlatılarda bulunur. Bu yüzden bu ikisini ayrı başlıklar altında incelemeye karar verdik.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance among Staphylococci Isolated from the Skin Microbiota of Healthy Goats and Sheep
Authors: Wesołowska Maria , Szczuka Ewa
Published: November 2023

Staphylococci colonize the skin and mucous membranes of different animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the staphylococcal composition of the skin microbiota of healthy, non-vet visiting, and antimicrobially non-treated sheep and goats. In total, 83 strains (44 from goats and 39 from sheep) were isolated and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The diversity of the isolated Staphylococcus species was relatively high, and only coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated. In sheep, S. vitulinus (9/39, 23.1%) was the most common species, followed by S. equorum (8/39, 20.5%), S. lentus (7/39, 17.9%), S. sciuri (6/39, 15.4%), S. xylosus (6/39, 15.4%), S. warneri (1/39, 2.6%), S. simulans (1/39, 2.6%), and S. nepalensis (1/39, 2.6%). In the goats, the most common species was S. sciuri, which was detected in 13 (29.5%) animals. The goat skin was also inhabited by S. equorum (7/44, 15.9%), S. vitulinus (6/44, 13.6%), S. cohnii (5/44, 11.4%), S. lentus (4/44, 9.1%), S. suscinus (3/44, 6.8%), S. caprae, (2/44, 4.5%), S. auricularis (2/44, 4.5%), S. warneri (1/44, 2.3%), and S. xylosus (1/44, 2.3%). Only one S. xylosus strain of goat origin carried the enterotoxin gene (sea). Antimicrobial resistance was not common among the isolated staphylococci. Only 31 (37.3%) strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, with the highest frequency of resistance to penicillin (16.8%), followed by clindamycin (9.6%), erythromycin (8.4%), moxifloxacin (8.4%), and tetracycline (7.2%). All isolates were susceptible to eight antibiotics (amikacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline), representing six different classes. Three isolates displayed a multi-resistance phenotype (MDR): the goat isolates S. cohnii and S. sciuri, as well as the ewe isolate S. xylosus. The MDR S. cohnii isolate was found to be methicillin-resistant and carried the mecA gene. Moreover, the staphylococci isolated from the healthy animals carried genes conferring resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines (tetL, tetK), macrolides (ermB, ermC), lincosamides (lnu), and fluoroquinolones (grlA). However, the prevalence of these genes was low.
Hybrid Estimation Method for the State of Charge of Lithium Batteries Using a Temporal Convolutional Network and XGBoost
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyun , Lee In-Soo
Published: November 2023

Lithium batteries have recently attracted significant attention as highly promising energy storage devices within the secondary battery industry. However, it is important to note that they may pose safety risks, including the potential for explosions during use. Therefore, achieving stable and safe utilization of these batteries necessitates accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation. In this study, we propose a hybrid model combining temporal convolutional network (TCN) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to investigate the nonlinear and evolving characteristics of batteries. The primary goal is to enhance SOC estimation performance by leveraging TCN’s long-effective memory capabilities and XGBoost’s robust generalization abilities. We conducted experiments using datasets from NASA, Oxford, and a vehicle simulator to validate the model’s performance. Additionally, we compared the performance of our model with that of a multilayer neural network, long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, XGBoost, and TCN. The experimental results confirm that our proposed TCN–XGBoost hybrid model outperforms the other models in SOC estimation across all datasets.
Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nocetti Diego , Villalobos Kathia , Wunderle Kevin
Published: November 2023

Pediatric interventional cardiology procedures are essential in diagnosing and treating congenital heart disease in children; however, they raise concerns about potential radiation exposure. Managing radiation doses and assessing image quality in angiographs becomes imperative for safe and effective interventions. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the current understanding of physical image quality metrics relevant for characterizing X-ray systems used in fluoroscopy-guided pediatric cardiac interventional procedures, considering the main factors reported in the literature that influence this outcome. A search in Scopus and Web of Science, using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded 14 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022. The physical image quality metrics reported were noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and high-contrast spatial resolution. Various factors influencing image quality were investigated, such as polymethyl methacrylate thickness (often used to simulate water equivalent tissue thickness), operation mode, anti-scatter grid presence, and tube voltage. Objective evaluations using these metrics ensured impartial assessments for main factors affecting image quality, improving the characterization of fluoroscopic X-ray systems, and aiding informed decision making to safeguard pediatric patients during procedures.
Anti-Allergic Inflammatory Effect of Agarum cribrosum and Its Phlorotannin Component, Trifuhalol A, against the Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Model
Authors: Kim Joonki , Lee Sang Heon , Zhang Siqi , Bong Sim-Kyu , Kim Aaron Taehwan , Lee Hara , Liu Xiaoyong , Kim Sang Moo , Kim Su-Nam
Published: November 2023

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving structural changes to the respiratory system and severe immune responses mediated by allergic cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. Agarum cribrosum (AC) is a kind of seaweed which contains a phlorotannin, trifuhalol A. To evaluate its anti-allergic inflammatory effect against asthma, an ovalbumin inhalation-induced mouse asthma model was used. Histologic observations proved that trifuhalol A is minimizing the lung and tracheal structure changes as well as the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells against ovalbumin inhalation challenge. From the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ovalbumin-specific IgE and Th2-specific cytokines, IL-4, -5, and -13, were reduced with trifuhalol A treatment. In addition, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations in lung homogenate were also significantly reduced via trifuhalol A treatment. Taken together, trifuhalol A, isolated from AC, was able to protect lung and airways from Th2-specific cytokine release, and IgE mediated allergic inflammation as well as the attenuation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung, which results in the suppression of eosinophils and the mast cells involved asthmatic pathology.
Differences in Biofilm Formation by Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Hernández-Cuellar Eduardo , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Valle-Ríos Ricardo , Medina-Contreras Oscar
Published: November 2023

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen involved in community- and hospital-acquired infections. Its biofilm formation ability predisposes it to device-related infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are associated with more serious infections and higher mortality rates and are more complex in terms of antibiotic resistance. It is still controversial whether MRSA are indeed more virulent than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains. A difference in biofilm formation by both types of bacteria has been suggested, but how only the presence of the SCCmec cassette or mecA influences this phenotype remains unclear. In this review, we have searched for literature studying the difference in biofilm formation by MRSA and MSSA. We highlighted the relevance of the icaADBC operon in the PIA-dependent biofilms generated by MSSA under osmotic stress conditions, and the role of extracellular DNA and surface proteins in the PIA-independent biofilms generated by MRSA. We described the prominent role of surface proteins with the LPXTG motif and hydrolases for the release of extracellular DNA in the MRSA biofilm formation. Finally, we explained the main regulatory systems in S. aureus involved in virulence and biofilm formation, such as the SarA and Agr systems. As most of the studies were in vitro using inert surfaces, it will be necessary in the future to focus on biofilm formation on extracellular matrix components and its relevance in the pathogenesis of infection by both types of strains using in vivo animal models.
Physical Exercise Methods and Their Effects on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review
Authors: Parada Flores Bastián , Luna-Villouta Pablo , Martínez Salazar Cristian , Flández Valderrama Jorge , Valenzuela Contreras Luis , Flores-Rivera Carol , Vargas-Vitoria Rodrigo
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of T2DM represents a challenge for health agencies due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Physical Activity (PA) is one of the fundamental pillars for the treatment of T2DM, so Physical Exercise (PE) programs have been applied to research their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of PE methods on glycemic control and body composition of adults with T2DM. A systematic review without meta-analysis was performed, using the PubMed database. Quasi-experimental and pure experimental clinical trials were included, which were available free of charge and were published during 2010–2020. In the results, 589 articles were found and 25 passed the inclusion criteria. These were classified and analyzed according to the methods identified (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), duration and variable(s) studied. It is concluded that PE is effective for glycemic control and body composition in adults with T2DM using different methods (AE, IE, RE, COM, and others), both in the short and long term. Adequate organization of PE components such as frequency, duration, volume, and intensity, is essential.
Design and Analysis of High Power Density On-Board Charger with Active Power Decoupling Circuit for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Son Won-Jin , Lee Byoung Kuk
Published: November 2023

This article presents a design method for the active power decoupling (APD) circuit of a PFC converter for high power density on-board chargers (OBCs) utilized in electric vehicles (EVs). The utilization of electrolytic capacitors to mitigate power ripple at the input is a common practice in PFC converters. However, these electrolytic capacitors are associated with issues such as limited lifetime and low current ratings, resulting in a significant portion of the OBC’s volume being occupied by them. To address these challenges and achieve power density, the relationship between the power of the APD circuit and DC-link voltage is derived, and a design method for the APD circuit for high power density is proposed. The feasibility of this design approach is validated through the PFC converter prototype designed for 6.6 kW OBC. Consequently, a substantial volume reduction of 19.7% is realized when compared to the utilization of the electrolytic capacitor approach, and a reduction of 36.2% is achieved in comparison to the conventional APD design method. This reduction in volume proves advantageous for fulfilling the requisites of high power density OBCs.
Empowering Sustainable Energy Solutions through Real-Time Data, Visualization, and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Stecyk Adam , Miciuła Ireneusz
Published: November 2023

This article shows the evaluation of the Integrated Real-time Energy Management Framework (IREMF), a cutting-edge system designed to develop energy management practices. The framework leverages real-time data collection, advanced visualization techniques, and fuzzy logic to optimize energy consumption patterns. To assess the performance and importance of each layer and main factor within IREMF, we employ a multi-step methodology. First, the Fuzzy Delphi Method is utilized to harness expert insights and collective intelligence, providing a holistic understanding of the framework’s functionality. Researchers used a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the relative importance of each component of the energy system (first stage). This careful evaluation process helps ensure that resources are allocated effectively and that strategic decisions are made based on sound data. The findings of the study not only improve our understanding of the capabilities of the IREMF platform but also pave the way for future developments in energy system management. The study highlights the critical role of real-time data, visualization, fuzzy logic, and advanced decision-making methods in shaping a sustainable energy future.
Cricket Protein Isolate Extraction: Effect of Ammonium Sulfate on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Proteins
Authors: Edward  , Wongprasert Thanakorn , Bunyakanchana Thasorn , Siripitakpong Panattida , Supabowornsathit Kotchakorn , Vilaivan Tirayut , Suppavorasatit Inthawoot
Published: November 2023

Crickets are known to be a promising alternative protein source. However, a negative consumer bias and an off-flavor have become obstacles to the use of these insects in the food industry. In this study, we extracted the protein from commercial cricket powder by employing alkaline extraction–acid precipitation and including ammonium sulfate. The physicochemical and functional properties of the proteins were determined. It was found that, upon including 60% ammonium sulfate, the cricket protein isolate (CPI) had the highest protein content (~94%, w/w). The circular dichroism results indicated that a higher amount of ammonium sulfate drastically changed the secondary structure of the CPI by decreasing its α-helix content and enhancing its surface hydrophobicity. The lowest solubility of CPI was observed at pH 5. The CPI also showed better foaming properties and oil-holding capacity (OHC) compared with the cricket powder. In conclusion, adding ammonium sulfate affected the physicochemical and functional properties of the CPI, allowing it to be used as an alternative protein in protein-enriched foods and beverages.
Properties of Yogurts Enriched with Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated Mushroom
Authors: Radzki Wojciech , Skrzypczak Katarzyna , Sołowiej Bartosz , Jabłońska-Ryś Ewa , Gustaw Waldemar
Published: November 2023

Increasingly, consumers are looking for products with specific nutritional and health-promoting properties. The answer of the producers for this demand is fortified food. The raw material that can be used to enrich food is, among others, mushrooms. Crude water soluble polysaccharides (cWSP) were isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster) mushroom. Chemical analysis showed that they consisted mainly of carbohydrates (~61%), protein (~9%) and phenolics (~0.8%). The isolated cWSP were used to obtain enriched cow milk set yogurts. cWSP were added at the concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%, and milk containing no cWSP was prepared as the control. All of the variants were fermented via applying two commercially available culture starters. The addition of cWSP led to a drop in pH in the case of one starter culture. Also, the decline in total soluble solids (TSS) content was higher where cWSP was used for the enrichment. Texture profile analysis (TPA) revealed that parameters of hardness and gumminess increased along with the concentration of cWSP (reaching values approximately 7–8 times higher, compared to the control). A significant increase in syneresis level (proportional to cWSP concentration and ranging from ~10% to ~50%) was also observed after the fermentation. Fortifying milk with cWSP led to a slight increase in antioxidant capacity in FRAP assay (up to ~12%) and ABTS assay (up to ~23%). The results demonstrate that using cWSP to enrich set-type yogurts is fairly limited.
Valorization of Pumpkin Byproducts: Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoid Characterization of Extracts from Peel and Filaments
Authors: Pinna Nicola , Ianni Federica , Selvaggini Roberto , Urbani Stefania , Codini Michela , Grispoldi Luca , Cenci-Goga Beniamino Terzo , Cossignani Lina , Blasi Francesca
Published: November 2023

Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) represents an unquestionable source of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds having a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. The goal of this work was to characterize the byproducts (peels and filaments) of different pumpkin varieties belonging to C. moschata (Butternut, Lunga di Napoli, Moscata di Provenza, and Violina rugosa) and C. maxima (Delica, Delica vanity, Hokkaido, and Mantovana) species in terms of total carotenoid content, antioxidant activity, and carotenoid profiling. The research revealed that peels and filaments were a good source of β-carotene and other non-esterified carotenoids, as well as esterified carotenoids. Considering the growing market demand for safe and healthy food products, pumpkin byproducts, having also an interesting antioxidant bioactivity, could be useful in the development of novel functional products.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed
Authors: de Carvalho Ailton Alves , da Silva Marcelo José Gama , da Costa Batista Fabiane Rabelo , Araújo Jucilene Silva , de Assunção Montenegro Abelardo Antônio , da Silva Thieres George Freire , Almeida Thayná Alice Brito , da Silva Marcos Vinícius , Dias Joelma , Cavalcante Iara Tamires Rodrigues , da Silva Jhon Lennon Bezerra
Published: November 2023

The detection and monitoring of changes in land use and land cover play a crucial role in understanding land degradation and are fundamental to preserving agroecosystems. Their association with hydrological information allows essential responses to changes in hydrological patterns to be identified, contributing to water security in watersheds. Therefore, this study aimed to assess spatio-temporal dynamics and physico-hydrological trends in rainfall, runoff and land use in the Paraíba watershed. The study was conducted in the Paraíba watershed, using land use data and information from pluviometric and fluviometric stations with temporal series of more than 30 years. The Mann-Kendall statistical test was adopted to verify trends. Results indicate annual reduction trends for both native forest area and water bodies in the Paraíba watershed. On the other hand, the area designated for agriculture showed a significant increase. The correlation analysis between water bodies and forests (R² = 0.63) highlights a strong association between the decrease in forest area and the reduction in water availability, influencing the decrease in annual flow. These results serve as a warning to expand water resource management for the region, aiming to preserve and to enhance sustainable use. Therefore, the implementation of conservation measures, monitoring procedures, and adequate management is required to face the challenges imposed by climate change and land use and occupation, ensuring the water availability for the future.
Impact of Biologically and Chemically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Seed Germination and Seedlings’ Growth
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Daniela Monserrat , Márquez-Guerrero Selenne Yuridia , Ramírez-Moreno Agustina , Rodríguez-Sifuentes Lucio , Galindo-Guzmán Magdalena , Flores-Loyola Erika , Marszalek Jolanta E.
Published: November 2023

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have gained attention in the last decades due to their versatile applications; in agriculture, they have been used for their multiple benefits. In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles, obtained via chemical and biological synthesis and of 70–80 nm in size, on the germination and seedling growth of Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum seed were determined. The physiological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were evaluated. The results indicated that treatment with zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained via green synthesis improved seed germination rate, while chemically synthesized nanoparticles at higher concentrations decreased germination percentage. In general, the parameters of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in treated plants showed significant differences with respect to the control. However, the treatments with the bionanoparticles resulted in more beneficial parameters. Zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained via green synthesis are more effective in generating bioactive compounds and activating the enzyme defense system due to being more biocompatible.
The Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Regulate the Growth and Morphological Development of Torreya grandis (Taxaceae) Saplings
Authors: Ma Xiaomin , Huang Dongchen , Huang Cheng , Tong Yinhao , Yuan Feiyang , Ma Xiaoxiang , Liu Hua , Fu Songling
Published: November 2023

Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl. cv. “Merrillii” is an important woody oil crop, and the development of plantations relies on the cultivation of high-quality saplings. For this study, 6-year-old grafted T. grandis saplings, which will soon be planted on the mountain, were selected to investigate the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on their growth and morphology. To determine the optimal dosage and ratio of N–P–K fertilizer for sapling cultivation, we employed a three-factor four-level L16 (43) orthogonal experiment design. The experiment included a total of 17 treatments—a control group where no fertilizer was applied and 16 treatments with varying levels of NPK supply. We conducted a one-season experiment under a prescribed fertilizer regime and measured root collar diameters and sapling heights, the root, shoot, leaf biomass, total biomass, and the nutritional status of plant organs (root, shoot, leaf). From these measurements, we calculated the root–shoot ratio (RS) and seedling quality index (QI). The application of N–P–K fertilizer exhibited significant benefits for T. grandis sapling cultivation, promoted their growth and biomass accumulation and altered the nutrient allocation patterns in organs. Ultimately, we determined the ideal N–P–K ratio for T. grandis growth to be 1:0.46:0.75, with a fertilizer application of 1.38 g·sapling−1 of N, 0.64 g·sapling−1 of P (P2O5), and 1.04 g·sapling−1 of K (K2O).
Toxicity Derived from Interaction between Natural Compounds and Cancer Therapeutic Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A4: Lessons Learned from Two Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Orzetti Sabrina , Baldo Paolo
Published: November 2023

The use of natural compounds and, in general, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), is growing steadily worldwide, both due to commercial pressure and the increasing use of self-medication and the desire to manage one’s own personal health and well-being. Patients facing a cancer diagnosis are also strongly pressured to use these compounds, which are often added to standard therapeutic regimens, that should instead be based solely on diagnostic and therapeutic care pathways (DTCP) or evidence-based medicine (EBM). This study presents two clinical cases of cancer patients who presented to the pharmaceutical consultation service (PCD—Pharmacy Clinical Desk) established at the CRO Institute in Aviano, Italy. Both patients were using natural products along with prescribed chemotherapy. In the first case, a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer with bone metastases, who was using natural compounds based on diosmin, escin (or aescin) and resveratrol in combination with ribociclib anticancer therapy, a severe ADR (neutropenia) was identified as a consequence of the drug–natural product interaction. In the second case, following a detailed medication review by the PCD, we avoided taking a therapeutic treatment (with natural compounds) that in itself could potentially render chemotherapy ineffective in a 57-year-old woman with multiple infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast; the patient was planning to take a natural product containing St. John’s Wort tincture and lemon balm tincture, in combination with paclitaxel and trastuzumab. In addition, we describe the corrective actions taken, thus outlining the main objectives of the activity of the PCD’s pharmacy counseling service: first, to identify, report, and manage adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and second, to identify therapeutic combinations that present potential risks of toxicity or ineffectiveness of the drug therapy itself.
Therapeutic Nanodiamonds Containing Icariin Ameliorate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats
Authors: Yu Ying , Kim Sang-Min , Park Kyeongsoon , Kim Hak Jun , Kim Jae Gyoon , Kim Sung Eun
Published: November 2023

In present study, icariin (ICA)/tannic acid (TA)-nanodiamonds (NDs) were prepared as follows. ICA was anchored to ND surfaces with absorbed TA (ICA/TA-NDs) and we evaluated their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and in vivo cartilage protective effects on a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). The ICA/TA-NDs showed prolonged release of ICA from the NDs for up to 28 days in a sustained manner. ICA/TA-NDs inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory elements, including matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increased the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory factors (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Animal studies exhibited that intra-articular injection of ICA/TA-NDs notably suppressed levels of IL-6, MMP-3, and TNF-α and induced level of IL-10 in serum of MIA-induced OA rat models in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these noticeable anti-inflammatory effects of ICA/TA-NDs remarkably contributed to the protection of the progression of MIA-induced OA and cartilage degradation, as exhibited by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), gross findings, and histological investigations. Accordingly, in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the prolonged ICA delivery of ICA/TA-NDs possesses an excellent latent to improve inflammation as well as defend against cartilage disorder in OA.
Template-Assisted Assembly of Hybrid DNA/RNA Nanostructures Using Branched Oligodeoxy- and Oligoribonucleotides
Authors: Fokina Alesya , Poletaeva Yulia , Dukova Svetlana , Klabenkova Kristina , Rad’kova Zinaida , Bakulina Anastasia , Zatsepin Timofei , Ryabchikova Elena , Stetsenko Dmitry
Published: November 2023

A template-assisted assembly approach to a C24 fullerene-like double-stranded DNA polyhedral shell is proposed. The assembly employed a supramolecular oligonucleotide dendrimer as a 3D template that was obtained via the hybridization of siRNA strands and a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide joined to three- or four-way branched junctions. A four-way branched oligonucleotide building block (a starlet) was designed for the assembly of the shell composed of three identical self-complementary DNA single strands and a single RNA strand for hybridization to the DNA oligonucleotides of the template. To prevent premature auto-hybridization of the self-complementary oligonucleotides in the starlet, a photolabile protecting group was introduced via the N3-substituted thymidine phosphoramidite. Cleavable linkers such as a disulfide linkage, RNase A sensitive triribonucleotides, and di- and trideoxynucleotides were incorporated into the starlet and template at specific points to guide the post-assembly disconnection of the shell from the template, and enzymatic disassembly of the template and the shell in biological media. At the same time, siRNA strands were modified with 2′-OMe ribonucleotides and phosphorothioate groups in certain positions to stabilize toward enzymatic digestion. We report herein a solid-phase synthesis of branched oligodeoxy and oligoribonucleotide building blocks for the DNA/RNA dendritic template and the branched DNA starlet for a template-assisted construction of a C24 fullerene-like DNA shell after initial molecular modeling, followed by the assembly of the shell around the DNA-coated RNA dendritic template, and visualization of the resulting nanostructure by transmission electron microscopy.
Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Core Transcription Factors Associated with Defense Responses in Autotetraploid versus Diploid Rice under Saline Stress and Recovery
Authors: Wang Yingkai , Meng Weilong , Ye Yan , Yu Xinfang , Chen Haiyuan , Liu Yuchen , Xu Minghong , Wang Ningning , Qi Fan , Lan Yujie , Xu Yan , Ma Jian , Zhang Chunying
Published: November 2023

Saline stress is a major abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and yields worldwide. The plant transcription factor (TF) family plays an important role in converting abiotic stress signals into gene expression changes. In this study, a transcriptome-based comparative analysis was performed to investigate the global gene expression of all the TFs in diploid and autotetraploid rice during the early stage of NaCl stress and recovery period. The phenotypic data indicated that the tetraploid rice exhibited a superior salt-tolerant ability compared to the diploid rice. A total of 55 TF families were co-expressed in the tetraploid and diploid rice, and the cumulative number of TF-expressed genes was relatively higher in the diploid rice than in the tetraploid rice at all time points. Unlike the diploid rice, the overall gene expression levels of the tetraploid rice were comparable to the control during recovery. The number of differentially expressed TFs (DE-TFs) in the tetraploid rice decreased after recovery, whereas it increased to a large extent in the diploid rice. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DE-TFs discovered the early switching of the ABA-activated signaling pathway and specific circadian rhythm in the tetraploid rice. Combining the PPI network and heatmap analysis, some core DE-TFs were found that may have potential roles to play in tetraploid salt tolerance. This study will pave the way for elucidating the complex network regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in tetraploid rice.
Developments in Genetics: Better Management of Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Maioru Ovidiu-Virgil , Radoi Viorica-Elena , Coman Madalin-Codrut , Hotinceanu Iulian-Andrei , Dan Andra , Eftenoiu Anca-Elena , Burtavel Livia-Mălina , Bohiltea Laurentiu-Camil , Severin Emilia-Maria
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article is to highlight the new advancements in molecular and diagnostic genetic testing and to properly classify all ovarian cancers. In this article, we address statistics, histopathological classification, molecular pathways implicated in ovarian cancer, genetic screening panels, details about the genes, and also candidate genes. We hope to bring new information to the medical field so as to better prevent and diagnose ovarian cancer.
Tribological Properties of Carbon Tool Steel after Plasma Electrolytic Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Mukhacheva Tatiana , Kusmanov Sergei , Tambovskiy Ivan , Podrabinnik Pavel , Metel Alexander , Khmyrov Roman , Karasev Mikhail , Suminov Igor , Grigoriev Sergey
Published: November 2023

The effect of plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing on the wear resistance of carbon tool steel in friction couples with hardened steel and lead-tin bronze is considered in order to study the mechanism and type of wear, as well as the influence of structural and morphological characteristics of the surface on them. The microgeometry of friction tracks and its change with an increasing duration of friction tests are analyzed. The equilibrium roughness is determined, which is optimal for the friction couple and ensures minimal wear. The optimal values of the plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing parameters, which provide the lowest values of the friction coefficient and wear rate, have been determined. The phase and elemental composition of the surface layer was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and EDX analysis. The relationship of the microstructure of the nitrocarburized layer of tool steel with the friction coefficient and weight wear is established.
A Review: Design from Beta Titanium Alloys to Medium-Entropy Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wong Ka-Kin , Hsu Hsueh-Chuan , Wu Shih-Ching , Ho Wen-Fu
Published: November 2023

β-Ti alloys have long been investigated and applied in the biomedical field due to their exceptional mechanical properties, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Metastable β-Ti alloys have garnered interest in the realm of biomaterials owing to their notably low elastic modulus. Nevertheless, the inherent correlation between a low elastic modulus and relatively reduced strength persists, even in the case of metastable β-Ti alloys. Enhancing the strength of alloys contributes to improving their fatigue resistance, thereby preventing an implant material from failure in clinical usage. Recently, a series of biomedical high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys, composed of biocompatible elements such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and Mo, have been developed. Leveraging the contributions of the four core effects of high-entropy alloys, both biomedical high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys exhibit excellent mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, albeit accompanied by an elevated elastic modulus. To satisfy the demands of biomedical implants, researchers have sought to synthesize the strengths of high-entropy alloys and metastable β-Ti alloys, culminating in the development of metastable high-entropy/medium-entropy alloys that manifest both high strength and a low elastic modulus. Consequently, the design principles for new-generation biomedical medium-entropy alloys and conventional metastable β-Ti alloys can be converged. This review focuses on the design from β-Ti alloys to the novel metastable medium-entropy alloys for biomedical applications.
A De Novo Frameshift Mutation in RPL5 with Classical Phenotype Abnormalities and Worsening Anemia Diagnosed in a Young Adult—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dorenkamp Moritz , Porret Naomi , Diepold Miriam , Rovó Alicia
Published: November 2023

Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with malformations. DBA is related to defective ribosome biogenesis, which impairs erythropoiesis, causing hyporegenerative macrocytic anemia. The disease has an autosomal dominant inheritance and is commonly diagnosed in the first year of life, requiring continuous treatment. We present the case of a young woman who, at the age of 21, developed severe symptomatic anemia. Although, due to malformations, a congenital syndrome had been suspected since birth, a confirmation diagnosis was not made until the patient was referred to our center for an evaluation of her anemia. In her neonatal medical history, she presented with anemia that required red blood cell transfusions, but afterwards remained with a stable, mild, asymptomatic anemia throughout her childhood and adolescence. Her family history was otherwise unremarkable. To explain the symptomatic anemia, vitamin deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, bleeding causes, and myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms were investigated and ruled out. A molecular investigation showed the RPL5 gene variant c.392dup, p.(Asn131Lysfs*6), confirming the diagnosis of DBA. All family members have normal blood values and none harbored the mutation. Here, we will discuss the unusual evolution of this case and revisit the literature.
Association of Serum Irisin Levels with Body Composition, Metabolic Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Lean and Obese Children
Authors: Esin Kübra , Batirel Saime , Ülfer Gözde , Yigit Pakize , Sanlier Nevin
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Irisin is an adipo-myokine with potential metabolic effects in the body, and its association with childhood obesity is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profiles, leptin, and adiponectin in obese and normal-weight children. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 80 children aged 6–10, including 44 obese children (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and 36 normal-weight children. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Metabolic profiles, as well as irisin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, were analyzed. Results: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were found to be significantly different between the obese and normal-weight groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese group, while the normal-weight group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels did not differ between the obese and normal-weight groups, or based on sex, vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance status. There was also no statistically significant correlation between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. Conclusions: The study concluded that the obese children who participated in this study had high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels, with no significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups. More comprehensive clinical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adipokines in children.
Microstructure and Superelasticity of Cu–Sn Shape-Memory Microwires by Glass-Coated Melt Spinning
Authors: Zhao Yangyong , Bai Yuanyuan , Li Tie , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2023

Cu–Sn shape-memory microw ires were fabricated by a glass-coated melt spinning method. Effects of Sn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of microwires were investigated. The phase transforms from martensite to austenite with an increase in Sn from 14.0 atomic percent (at.%) to 16.5 at.%. When the Sn content exceeds 16.5 at.%, a highly ordered intermetallic phase, δ, formed. The fracture stress (σf) and the critical stress for martensitic transformation (σMs) increases with an increase in Sn content. The mechanical properties as well as the superelasticity were greatly improved by a high cooling rate in the glass-coated melt spinning method. A bamboo-grained structure was formed in the Cu–Sn microwire with a Sn content of 16 at.% by annealing at 750 °C for 5 h before quenching in water. The results indicate that two opposite strategies of refining the grain size to the micrometer level, or increasing the grain size to a one dimensional size of specimen, e.g., the diameter of the wire, are both effective in improving the superelasticity of the Cu–Sn alloy.
Nocardioides: “Specialists” for Hard-to-Degrade Pollutants in the Environment
Authors: Ma Yecheng , Wang Jinxiu , Liu Yang , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Binglin , Zhang Wei , Chen Tuo , Liu Guangxiu , Xue Lingui , Cui Xiaowen
Published: November 2023

Nocardioides, a genus belonging to Actinomycetes, can endure various low-nutrient conditions. It can degrade pollutants using multiple organic materials such as carbon and nitrogen sources. The characteristics and applications of Nocardioides are described in detail in this review, with emphasis on the degradation of several hard-to-degrade pollutants by using Nocardioides, including aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, nitrogen heterocycles, and polymeric polyesters. Nocardioides has unique advantages when it comes to hard-to-degrade pollutants. Compared to other strains, Nocardioides has a significantly higher degradation rate and requires less time to break down substances. This review can be a theoretical basis for developing Nocardioides as a microbial agent with significant commercial and application potential.
Phase Behavior and Structure of Poloxamer Block Copolymers in Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tsoutsoura Aikaterini , He Zhiqi , Alexandridis Paschalis
Published: November 2023

Ionic liquids are promising media for self-assembling block copolymers in applications such as energy storage. A robust design of block copolymer formulations in ionic liquids requires fundamental knowledge of their self-organization at the nanoscale. To this end, here, we focus on modeling two-component systems comprising a Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)-Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymer (Pluronic P105: EO37PO58EO37) and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs): protic ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), aprotic ionic liquids (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6), or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4). Rich structural polymorphism was exhibited, including phases of micellar (sphere) cubic, hexagonal (cylinder), bicontinuous cubic, and lamellar (bilayer) lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) ordered structures in addition to solution regions. The characteristic scales of the structural lengths were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data analysis. On the basis of phase behavior and structure, the effects of the ionic liquid solvent on block copolymer organization were assessed and contrasted to those of molecular solvents, such as water and formamide.
Selected Fungicides as Potential EDC Estrogenic Micropollutants in the Environment
Authors: Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata , Wydro Urszula , Wołejko Elżbieta , Makuła Marcin , Krętowski Rafał , Naumowicz Monika , Sokołowska Gabriela , Serra-Majem Lluis , Cechowska-Pasko Marzanna , Łozowicka Bożena , Kaczyński Piotr , Wiater Józefa
Published: November 2023

An increasing level of pesticide exposition is being observed as a result of the consumption of large amounts of fruits, vegetables and grain products, which are key components of the vegetarian diet. Fungicides have been classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds, but their mechanisms of action have not yet been clarified. The effect of boscalid (B), cyprodinil (C) and iprodione (I) combined with Tamoxifen (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) on cell viability, cell proliferation, reporter gene expression, ROS content, the cell membrane’s function, cell morphology and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in MCF-7 and T47D-KBluc cell lines were investigated. The cell lines were chosen due to their response to 17β -estradiol. The selected fungicides are commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results revealed that the studied fungicides caused significant increases in cell viability and proliferation, and estrogenic activity was present in all studied compounds depending on their concentrations. Oxidative stress activated uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation by inducing ROS production and by inhibiting antioxidant defense. Our findings verify that the studied fungicides could possibly exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties and exposure should be avoided.
Dewatered Sludge Decorated with Nanoparticles for Alum Sludge Conditioning towards the Concept of “End-of-Waste”
Authors: Nabwey Hossam A. , Tony Maha A.
Published: November 2023

The circular economy concept is leading environmental engineering in the search for “End-of-Waste” criteria. Untreated waste residue results from drinking water treatment plants, causing severe environmental issues, and its reuse is essential. In this regard, this investigation introduces the beneficial reuses of alum sludge cake to close the loop between sludge waste generation and reuse. Considering alum sludge as a resource for dewatering instead of its categorization as a waste reflects an “End-of-Waste” approach. Alum sludge cake was thermally calcined at 400 °C and named thermally treated alum sludge cake (TAS-cake). In this study, TAS-cake decorated with magnetite with a percent weight of 5 to 1%, respectively, was labeled as TAS-cake@Fe-(5-1). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and morphologies were applied to characterize the hybrid composite. A Fenton-based hybrid composite was applied to extrude water from alum sludge for 7 min of conditioning time. Furthermore, the factorial design based on response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the operational variables. TAS-cake@Fe-(5-1) and hydrogen peroxide revealed 1.2 g/L and 740 mg/L doses at pH 3.0, showing pronounced performance and revealing the highest capillary suction time (CST) reduction, which reached 53%. A temperature increase also showed a pronounced enhancement effect on the sludge dewaterability that reached 72% when 55 °C was applied. Thus, such a novel conditioner is a promising candidate for alum sludge conditioning.