bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Technologies for Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) and the Yield Components (Biomass) of Different Potato Varieties
Authors: Hermeziu Manuela
Published: May 2023

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight, is a major threat to potato crop all over the world. Fungicides play a crucial role in the integrated control of late blight. Variety choice is dictated by end users who demand cultivars with specific agronomic characters and these are difficult to combine with late blight resistance. The main aim of this research was to test the influence of two different densities (53300 plants/ha and 44400 plants/ha) and two different late blight control technologies (using only contact fungicides - TECH1 and alternative systemic and contact fungicides - TECH2) on the biomass of three highly cultivated varieties (Riviera, Christian and Roclas). The potato canopy of different varieties present large difference regarding stem length and leaf number, shoot and tubers weight in response to the applied technologies. In 2014 conditions, the total biomass of the varieties and combinations of treatments studied did not differ significantly. In 2015 and 2016 conditions, the varieties were differentiated both by the amount of biomass accumulate on July 1-4 and by the statistical differentiation of the variants within the varieties. The studied densities had significant effects on plant biomass accumulations at the beginning of July. In all years, at the beginning of July, due to the earliness and sensitivity to late blight, the green mass in Riviera variety was significantly lower, compared to the green mass in the middle early varieties Roclas and Christian.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Kemampuan Turn Taking Pada Autism di Surakarta
Authors: Rina Alrizki Kusumawati  , R. Asto Soesyasmoro
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Para orang tua harus melakukan penyesuaian diri terutama pada pola pengasuhan anak yang mengalami gangguan komunikasi seperti Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Karena pola asuh tersebut akan berdampak dengan kemampuan interaksi sosialnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan turn taking pada  autism di Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan peneitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain Cross Sectional. Teknik pengambilann sampel yaitu dengan Total Sampling. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 33 orang. Data yang terkumpul akan di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat, teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji koefisien kontingensi. Hasil: Hasil diperoleh nilai p value = 0,000 atau p lebih dari 0,005. Sehingga terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan turn taking pada autism di Surakarta. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kemampuan turn taking di Surakarta.
Pengaruh senam Tai Chi terhadap kualitas hidup lansia di RBM Desa Tohudan
Authors: Diah Anggraini  , Rina Kurnia
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang. Prevalensi lansia di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan menjadi 9,92%. Dampak dari proses penuan pada lansia mengalami gangguan fungsional, penurunan activity of daily living, gangguan kualitas tidur, kondisi dan situasi lain yang memepengaruhi penurunan kualitas hidup. Kualitas hidup dapat ditingkatkan melalui latihan fisik, salah satunya dengan senam tai chi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam tai chi terhadap kualitas hidup lansia di RBM Desa Tohudan. Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan metode pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 15 responden lansia perempuan. Responden di periksa menggunakan WHOQOL-BREFF sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil Penelitian. Sampel penelitian ini seluruhnya adalah perempuan dengan mayoritas rentang usia 60 hingga 74 tahun (86,7%), sebagian besar memiliki status menikah (53,35%), dan tingkat pendidikan SD (60%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis t-tes berpasangan pada domain fisik dan psikologi dan uji wilcoxon pada domain hubungan sosial dan lingkungan diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar ????= 0,001. Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian senam tai chi terhadap kualitas hidup lansia.
Pengaruh Layanan Perpustakaan terhadap Pemanfaatan Koleksi Perpustakaan Polda Sumbar
Authors: Sari Reza Retno , Nelisa Malta
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan; (1) layanan di perpustakaan Polda Sumbar; (2) mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan koleksi di perpustakaan Polda Sumbar; (3) serta mendeskripsikan pengaruh layanan perpustakaan terhadap pemanfaatan koleksi di perpustakaan Polda Sumbar. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pemustaka yang pernah datang ke perpustakaan Polda Sumbar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pemustaka yang pernah datang ke perpustakaan Polda Sumbar. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pemustaka yang datang mengunjungi perpustakaan Polda Sumbar 1 bulan terakhir terhitung pada bulan Maret 2023 dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling incidental. Dari hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa; (1) pelayanan perpustakaan di Polda Sumbar tergolong dalam kategori sangat baik dengan skor total 558 dengan skor ideal 612 atau 91,1% artinya layanan perpustakaan Polda Sumbar dalam kategori sangat baik. Hal ini dilihat dari fasilitas yang disediakan oleh perpustakaan Polda Sumbar sudah memadai serta kinerja pustakawan yang dinilai sangat bagus oleh pemustaka; (2) pemanfaatan koleksi perpustakaan Polda Sumbar tergolong dalam kategori sangat baik dengan skor total 542 dengan skor ideal 648 atau 83,6% artinya pemanfaatan koleksi di perpustakaan Polda Sumbar dalam kategori sangat baik. Hal ini dilihat dari kebutuhan pemustaka dalam memanfaatkan koleksi di perpustakaan yang dinilai sangat baik, motif dan keterampilan pustakawan dalam melayani pemustaka sudah dilakukan dengan baik; (3) Pengaruh layanan perpustakaan terhadap pemanfaatan koleksi di perpustakaan Polda Sumbar adalah sangat kuat. Dari hasil uji regresi SPSS diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar R = 0,953, artinya kualitas layanan memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pemanfaatan koleksi. Semakin tinggi pelayanan perpustakaan maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat pemanfaatan koleksi di perpustakaan.
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Reading To Learn terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Padang
Authors: Lanen Sania , Atmazaki Atmazaki
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran Reading To Learn terhadap keterampilan menulis teks cerpen siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Padang. Penelitian jenis kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Padang. Sampel yang peneliti ambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas XI.F3 yang berjumlah 36 orang Teknik analisis data yang digunakan diantaranya yaitu analisis deskripstif, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis cerpen. Pada skor pretest menulis cerpen siswa diperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 76,62, mengalami peningkatan pada skor posttest dengan rata-rata sebesar 81,71. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara metode pembelajaran Reading To Learn terhadap keterampilan menulis teks cerpen siswa kelas XI.
Penerapan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Menengah Pada Toko Awal BB
Authors: RINDANI JIHAN
Published: May 2023

Dalam  dunia  usaha  baik  skala  besar  ataupun  kecil  pasti memerlukan  sebuah  laporan  keuangan.  Laporan  keuangan  sangat  dibutuhkan dalam  mengontrol  kegiatan  perusahaan.  Laporan  keuangan  mempunyai  fungsi  yaitu  memberikan  informasi  tentang  status  keuangan  perusahaan dalam  kondisi  baik  atau  buruk,  jika  laporan  keuangan  tidak  dikelola  dengan  baik  akan  berdampak  pada  pengambilan  keputusan  perusahaan.

     Laporan  keuangan  tidak  hanya  melibatkan  hasil,  tetapi  juga  proses penyusunan.  Pelaporan   keuangan  memiliki  standar  akuntansi  keuangan (SAK)  yang  berbeda  untuk  setiap  tingkat  bisnis.  Standar  Akuntansi Keuangan  Usaha  Mikro  Kecil  dan  Menengah  (SAK  EMKM)  merupakan standar  untuk  usaha  mikro,  kecil  dan  menengah  (UMKM).  Toko  AWAL BB  merupakan  salah  satu  UMKM  yang  ada  di  Medan.
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Mediation And Conciliation As An Industrial Relations Dispute Resolution Option
Authors: Gayo Sabela
Published: May 2023

Since the birth of Law No. 2 of 2004 on industrial dispute resolution, the parties to the dispute have become easier and helped to resolve disputes between them. The instruments provided also become more diverse compared to the old rules. Such as mediation, conciliation and arbitration instruments. However, at the implementation stage, not many people understand the difference between dispute mediation and conciliation in terms of the origin and function of conciliation mediation has different characteristics as a passive mediator while in conciliation the conciliator is more active in resolving disputes. In the settlement of industrial disputes, mediation is used as the main instrument for resolving a wider scope than conciliation. Mediation can deal with disputes of rights, interests, termination of employment (layoffs) and disputes between unions within one company. Conciliation makes progress limited to conflicts of interest, termination, and disputes between unions in one company. Although in fact most of the industrial disputes involving rights disputes. The mediation and conciliation stationery comprehensively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each of these tools
Menneskets forståelse af sig selv mellem dyret og det guddommelige
Authors: Karlsen Mads Peter
Published: May 2023

This review article presents an outline and discussion of Lars Albinus’ monograph Livsvæsen. Om forholdet mellem dyret, mennesket og det guddommelige (‘A Living Being. On the Relationship between Animals, Human Beings and the Divine’). Focusing on the book’s guiding question concerning the issue of human self-understanding in relation to the animal and the divine, the aim of the article is to explore its relevance for contemporary philosophy of religion. The first part of the article sketches how Albinus, through a reading of philosophers like Heidegger, Agamben and Derrida, elaborates the complex and ambiguous part the animal plays in the attempt of human beings to understand themselves. The second part discusses Albinus’ two main analytical perspectives – philosophy of religion and history of religions – and their compatibility, using Albinus’ key-concept of the animal-human-divine triad as the pivotal point. The third and last section of the review article initiates a critical discussion of some of the implications and possibilities of Albinus’ guiding question concerning human self-understanding.
International Personal Data Transfers and Effective Redress: Concluding Remarks
Authors: Eliantonio Mariolina
Published: May 2023

This concluding piece aims to bring together the various reflections contained in the special issue focused on the right to an effective remedy with specific reference to data protection legislation and international personal data transfers. The piece shows how the contributions to
the special issue have unveiled an important function of Article 47, that of 'value exporter' of the EU. However, they have also highlighted the conceptual and definitional challenges and persisting uncertainties surrounding the use of Article 47 with respect to international data transfers.
Individual Rights in International Personal Data Transfers Under the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Drechsler Laura
Published: May 2023

Within the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), individuals have certain rights ('data subject rights') towards their own personal data. These rights include the option to access, rectify or erase one's data. The GDPR also foresees specific rules for international personal data
transfers, thus situations in which personal data becomes accessible outside its territorial scope. The goal of these rules is to ensure that the level of protection for the fundamental rights of individuals is not undermined by data transfers. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)
clarified that this level has to be maintained to an 'essentially equivalent' extent, and that this requires also the upkeeping of (some) data subject rights. This paper analyses the role of data subject rights when personal data are transferred under the GDPR. It concludes that the existence
of some data subject rights is required for lawful data transfers under the GDPR.
Mini-implant Supported Temporary Replacement of Teeth in ChildrenA Case Report
Authors: Saha Nupur , Das Mainak , Santra Arnab , Zahir Shabnam
Published: May 2023

Dental agenesis or hypodontia is a frequent cause of tooth loss in children, most common being the maxillary lateral incisors. The absence of teeth affects aesthetics and results in functional impairment that hampers the psychological development of the young child. Treatment options available for replacement of congenitally missing teeth include fixed and removable dentures, resin-related retention devices, and single-tooth implants. The main deterring factor for implant placement in young children is the impending growth. To overcome this drawback, one can use self-drilling, one-piece orthodontic mini screw implants as a temporary abutment for the replacement of congenitally missing teeth. Mini-implant with temporary crown can serve as a permanent dental restoration for a growing child as the mini-implant is well maintained throughout his/her growth period without significant changes in skeletal morphology. This case report deals with a 12-year-old young girl patient, who has been treated with self-drilling orthodontic miniimplant with a strip crown for her congenitally missing bilateral lateral incisors, without any complications with six months follow-up.
Effect of Non surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Parameters of Diabetic and Non Diabetic Periodontitis Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Mani Amit , Sachdeva Shivani , Mani Shubhangi , Gaydhani Mrunmayee , Pawar Hemant
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) has been an effective treatment for suppression of gingival inflammation and improvement of periodontal health in patients. Periodontitis and diabetes have an inter-relationship with each other. Surgical intervention is not always advisable for periodontitis with patients with diabetes. Hence, assessing the response of non surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients can lead to better and non invasive treatment options. Aim: To evaluate the effect of NSPT by observing changes in Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and volume of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) in diabetic and systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra from January 2021 until June 2022. Total of 90 patients were assessed and were divided into three groups. Group A (n=30) included the patients with healthy periodontium and without any systemic disease. Group B (n=30) included the patients with controlled diabetes, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (stage II periodontitis). Group C (n=30) included the patients who are systemically healthy, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (Stage II periodontitis). Clinical parameters including GI, PI, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), CAL and volume of GCF were evaluated at baseline. NSPT was performed and parameters were evaluated after three months and then compared with baseline. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics as mean, SD, percentage etc. Results: Total of 90 patients were included, among which 44 were male patients and 46 were females, within the age range of 18- 60 years. Patients were grouped 30 each in all three groups A, B and C with mean age 39.60±7.89, 45.70±10.02 and 43.90±9.64 respectively. The sites of group B showed statistically significant improvement in PPD at three months (1.80±0.76) compared to group C. Sites of group B also showed significant improvement in GI (1.46±0.45). There was no significant difference in the improvements of PI, Volume of GCF and CAL between group B and C at three months. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated marked improvements in the clinical parameters and their outcomes when the systemically healthy periodontitis patients and diabetic patients are treated with NSPT.
Profile of Fibroadenoma Mammae Patients at MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Hospital 2019-2020
Authors: Nurprilinda Marliana , Gultom Fajar Lamhot , Sanjaya Stevanus Jutan
Published: May 2023

Fibroadenoma mammae is a benign tumor in the breast that can grow in women aged 14-35 years. FAM has a solid mass with a rubbery consistency, is well-defined, and has low cellularity cells. FAM is classified as a benign tumor but can increase the risk of breast cancer by as much as 2.17 times. There are at least 10% of women in the world have FAM lumps. Jakarta Breast Center reported 1,971 out of 2,495 patients suffering from benign FAM tumors. FAM incidents are increasing yearly, and the concerns are often misinterpreted as malignancy. Until now, the cause of FAM cannot be known with certainty. Several risk factors have been identified, such as family genetics, age, hormones, radiation exposure, and contraceptive use. This study aims to determine the profile of FAM sufferers at the MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Hospital in 2019-2020. The research was conducted by total sampling method using anatomic pathology archives. Research on 131 patient records found that the largest age group occurred at 16-30 years, with as many as 68 patients (51.9%). Based on the location of the breast, most FAM lumps were found on the right side in 58 patients (44.3%), with the majority having one lump in 92 patients (70.2%). The most commonly found FAM was > 6cm in 52 patients (39.7%), with the most commonly found consistency being supple in 102 patients (77.9%), and all of them had clear boundaries in 131 patients (100%). Women with risks and suspicions of breast lumps are expected to do early detection with the BSE procedure.
Growth and Yield Response of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) cv. Pusa Navbahar to Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Bharose Ram , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Reddy I. Srinath
Published: May 2023

The investigation on cluster bean with application of integrated nutrient management with comprised of 12 treatments with three level of NPK, two levels of PSB and Rhizobium in factorial randomized block design. The treatment T12 has shown the significant results when applied 100% of NPK with PSB and Rhizobium among the different levels of treatment combinations. Growth parameters viz., plant height (90.96 cm), number of nodules plant-1(59.48), number of branches plant-1 (2.66) at 90 DAS (day after sowing), and yield parameters viz., number of clusters plant-1 (14.62), number of pods cluster-1 (13.39), pod length (17.42 cm),pod yield(77.29 q ha-1) has shown best in treatment T12(NPK @100% + PSB @100% + Rhizobium @100%) of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in comparison to other treatment combination.
Influence of Sulphur and Foliar Application of Iron on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Pragna Doney , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2023

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is typically cultivated in marginal soil with low fertility status. It is an important rabi season pulse crop in North India. The crop responds well to exogenous application of Sulphur and Iron. Considering the above, a field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (U.P) India to study the influence of Sulphur and foliar application of Iron on Growth and Yield of Lentil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of two factors viz., Sulphur (20, 30, 40 kg/ha), Iron (control, 0.3%, 0.5%) and Control (20-40-20 NPK kg/ha). There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.9), organic carbon (0.112%), available N (278.93 kg/ha), available P (10.8 kg/ha), and available K (206.4 kg/ha). Application of Sulphur and foliar application of Iron significantly influenced the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield over control. Results revealed that at 60DAS the higher plant height (26.5 cm), more number of nodules per plant (26.7), maximum plant dry weight (7.31 g/plant), maximum crop growth rate (9.88 g/m2/day), more no of pods per plant (162.40), more no of seeds per pod (2.53), higher seed yield (1556.19 kg/ha) and higher stover yield (2868.3 kg/ha) were recorded with application of Sulphur 40 kg/ha + Iron 0.5% in lentil.
Obstacle Detection Stick for the Visually Impaired Using HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino Nano Microcontroller-based Raindrop Sensor
Authors: Turnip Mega Tiarma Br , Gunawan Anak Agung Ngurah , Adnyana I. Gusti Agung Putra , Supardi I. Wayan , Trisnawati Ni Luh Putu
Published: May 2023

Aims: With the stick, blind people can not only project their goals well, but also anticipate obstacles from the front, right, left, and unexpected puddles below without physical contact.

Study Design: Obstacle Detection Stick for the Visually Impaired Using HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino Nano Microcontroller-Based Raindrop Sensor.

Methodology: Calibration is performed by comparing the output value of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and the manual meter. The calibrated parameters are the distance of the obstacle at the front, left and right positions. The relationship between the measured values of the design tool and the manual measuring instrument is determined by the linear regression method to obtain the correction equation and the accuracy of the design tool.

Results: Based on the research, the working system of the tool for the blind using an ultrasonic sensor is that when the obstacle is in the left position, the tool will emit a right turn sound and vice versa, when the obstacle is in the front and left position of the sensor, the tool will emit a right turn sound and when the obstacle is in the front and left position of the sensor, the tool will emit a left turn sound, If the obstacle is in the front, left and right positions, the tool will emit a U-turn sound and if the obstacle is in the front position, the tool will emit a U-turn sound, the sound produced comes from the audio card's SD module where the sound was previously recorded and the media used as the obstacle is the card. The percentage level of accuracy obtained by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor in the front position is 96.875%, in the left position is 90.625%, and in the right position is 93.75%. The maximum distance the ultrasonic sensor can detect is 147 cm. In the raindrop sensor, the buzzer sounds when the raindrop sensor detects water if the raindrop sensor reading is more than 5 cm from the bottom of the blind cane, and the buzzer does not sound if the raindrop sensor reading is less than 5 cm.

Conclusion: The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor works by using the obstacle's ability to reflect back the ultrasonic waves sent by the ultrasonic sensor to detect the distance between the stick and the obstacle.
Transgenders: The Neglected Group in Health Care
Authors: Mathew Shani E. , Souza Jenifer D.
Published: May 2023

Transgenders have always caught my attention. Be it at the signal where they are seen begging or in a moving bus where everyone shuns away from sitting near them. My initial fears about them turned to curiosity as to who they are. Are they normal? No one around me was able to give me any answer. I was apprehensive to talk to anyone too as I was always told they may harm me. But I made it a point to attend meetings that transgenders attended, squeezed myself into talking to them and getting acquainted with the group, and to my surprise I found out they were such a welcoming group. I gelled with them faster than I thought and today I am glad they are a part of my journey. As I explored their lives, the one thing I realized was that even healthcare members are not fully aware of transgenders, rather, they have too many misconceptions. And so, the need of the hour is that healthcare professionals should be trained on transgenders especially when statistics show that as per the 2011 census, there are around 4.8 million transgenders in India. The number is way more than this.
Simmetrichnoe po vremeni kvantovanie relyativistskih poley. 1. Kompleksnie polya, bezmassovie kalibrovochnie polya, gravitoni
Authors:   Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Zakir Zahid
Published: May 2023

В стандартной формулировке КТП, где есть только частицы и античастицы положительной энергии, энергия и заряд вакуума расходятся, что из-за существования гравитации ведёт к несостоятельности теории (проблема космологической постоянной). В статье показано, что в интерпретации Штюкельберга-Фейнмана (ШФ), где античастицы описываются как частицы с отрицательной энергией движущиеся назад во времени, энергия и заряд вакуума комплексных полей равны нулю и нет проблемы космологической постоянной. Однако до сих пор считалось, что интерпретация ШФ несовместима с КТП, так как ведёт к отрицательным вероятностям, и поэтому в статье даётся новая формулировка КТП на базе интерпретации ШФ в форме симметричного по времени квантования (СВК), где вероятности состояний положительны. В СВК следствия интерпретации ШФ учтены последовательно и показывается, что: а) отрицательный знак нормы состояний поля меняет лишь знак волновой функции, а не вероятностей; б) выражение интегралов в обратном направлении времени через интегралы в прямом меняет знак; в) хронологическое упорядочение операторов симметрично по времени и запись их через обычное упорядочение ведёт к стандартной диаграммной технике и поэтому СВК корректно описывает известные наблюдаемые эффекты. В СВК меняются результаты моделей объединения, в частности, а) в теориях с комплексными полями нулевой энергии нет и при нарушенной суперсимметрии, б) в теориях струн нет нулевой энергии мод, что позволяет включить гравитацию, но нет конформной аномалии и размерность пространства может быть произвольной.
Susceptibility of Pallid Sturgeon to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype IVb
Authors: Hopper Lacey R. , Glenn Jolene A. , MacConnell Elizabeth , Winton James R. , Emmenegger Eveline J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus causing severe disease in freshwater and saltwater fish species. The susceptibility of endangered Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus to VHSV genotype IVb (VHSV-IVb) infection was investigated.

Methods

An in vitro assessment using two Pallid Sturgeon cell lines derived from skin and spleen tissue and in vivo evaluation of juvenile Pallid Sturgeon after exposure to VHSV-IVb were performed.

Result

Plaque assay and RT-PCR results confirmed VHSV-IVb replication in Pallid Sturgeon cell lines. Sturgeon were also susceptible to VHSV-IVb infection after immersion and injection exposures during laboratory experiments. However, after widespread mortality occurred in all treatment groups, including negative control fish, it was determined that the Pallid Sturgeon stock fish were infected with Missouri River sturgeon iridovirus (MRSIV) prior to experimental challenge. Nevertheless, mortalities were equal or higher among VHSV-exposed fish than among negative controls (MRSIV infected), and histopathological assessments indicated reduced hematopoietic cells in spleen and kidney tissues and hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal organs only in fish from the VHSV treatment.

Conclusion

These results indicate that Pallid Sturgeon is a susceptible host for VHSV-IVb, but the degree of pathogenicity was confounded by the underlying MRSIV infection. Research comparing susceptibility of specific pathogen-free and MRSIV-infected fish to VHSV-IVb is needed to accurately assess the vulnerability of Pallid Sturgeon to VHSV-IVb.
Anti‐Fatigue Hydrogel Electrolyte for All‐Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qun , Yu Zhenlu , Zhuang Qiuna , Kim Jang‐Kyo , Kang Feiyu , Zhang Biao
Published: May 2023

Hydrogel electrolytes are widely explored in Zn metal batteries for application in wearable electronics. While extensive studies have been conducted on optimizing the chemical structure and boosting the tensile elasticity, the mechanical stability of the hydrogel under repeated deformation is largely overlooked, leading to unsatisfactory performance at large cycling capacity. This work systematically analyzes the compressive fatigue‐resistance properties of the hydrogel electrolyte, revealing the critical roles of the salt and copolymer matrix on crack initiation and propagation. It shows that, on the premise of homogeneous Zn deposition, an improved anti‐fatigue property is essential to achieve high‐capacity Zn metal anodes. The optimal Zn(ClO4)2‐polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogel electrolyte (C‐PAMCS) exhibits an unprecedented lifespan of 1500 h for Zn//Zn cells at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. The potential application of C‐PAMCS is exemplified in all‐flexible Zn‐ion batteries enabled by a flexible current collector consisting of a Ag nanowires embedded elastomer. This study provides the rationale under hydrogel electrolyte engineering toward advanced Zn‐ion battereis and the application in flexible devices.
Tumor Eradication by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy with 10B‐enriched Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles Grafted with Poly(Glycerol)
Authors: Zhang Yucai , Kang Heon Gyu , Xu Hua‐zhen , Luo Honghui , Suzuki Minoru , Lan Qing , Chen Xiao , Komatsu Naoki , Zhao Li
Published: May 2023

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has emerged as a treatment modality with high precision and efficacy of intractable tumors. At the core of effective tumor BNCT are 10B carriers with facile preparation as well as advantageous pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profiles. Herein, the design and preparation of sub‐10 nm 10B‐enriched hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles grafted with poly(glycerol) (h‐10BN‐PG), and their application to cancer treatment by BNCT are reported. By virtue of their small particle size and outstanding stealth property, h‐10BN‐PG nanoparticles accumulate efficiently in murine CT26 colon tumors with a high intratumor 10B concentration of 8.8%ID g−1 or 102.1 µg g−1 at 12 h post‐injection. Moreover, h‐10BN‐PG nanoparticles penetrate into the inside of the tumor parenchyma and then are taken up by the tumor cells. BNCT comprising a single bolus injection of h‐10BN‐PG nanoparticles and subsequent one‐time neutron irradiation results in significant shrinkage of subcutaneous CT26 tumors. h‐10BN‐PG‐mediated BNCT not only causes direct DNA damage to the tumor cells, but also triggers pronounced inflammatory immune response in the tumor tissues, which contributes to long‐lasting tumor suppression after the neutron irradiation. Thus, the h‐10BN‐PG nanoparticles are promising BNCT agents to eradicate tumor through highly efficient 10B accumulation.
A Regimen Compression Strategy for Commercial Vaccines Leveraging an Injectable Hydrogel Depot Technology for Sustained Vaccine Exposure
Authors: Yan Jerry , Ou Ben S. , Saouaf Olivia M. , Meany Emily L. , Eckman Noah , Appel Eric A.
Published: May 2023

Equitable global access to vaccines requires overcoming challenges associated with complex immunization schedules and their associated economic burdens that hinder delivery in under‐resourced environments. The rabies vaccine, for example, requires multiple immunizations for effective protection and each dose is cost prohibitive, and therefore inaccessibility disproportionately impacts low‐ and middle‐income countries. In this work, an injectable hydrogel depot technology for sustained delivery of commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccines is developed. In a mouse model, it is shown that a single immunization of a hydrogel‐based rabies vaccine elicited comparable antibody titers to a standard prime‐boost bolus regimen of a commercial rabies vaccine, despite these hydrogel vaccines comprising only half of the total dose delivered in the bolus control. Moreover, these hydrogel‐based vaccines elicited similar antigen‐specific T‐cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses compared to the bolus vaccine. Notably, it is demonstrated that while the addition of a potent clinical Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist adjuvant to the gels slightly improved binding antibody responses, inclusion of this adjuvant to the inactivated virion vaccine is detrimental to neutralizing responses. Taken together, these results suggest that these hydrogels can enable an effective regimen compression and dose‐sparing strategy for improving global access to vaccines.
Pollen production per flower increases with floral display size across animal‐pollinated flowering plants
Authors: da Cunha Nicolay Leme , Aizen Marcelo Adrián
Published: May 2023

Premise

The number of open flowers on a plant (i.e., floral display size) can influence plant fitness by increasing pollinator attraction. However, diminishing marginal fitness returns with increasing floral display are expected as pollinators tend to visit more flowers per plant consecutively. An extended flower visitation sequence increases the fraction of ovules disabled by self‐pollination (ovule discounting) and reduces the fraction of a plant's own pollen that is exported to sire seeds in other plants (pollen discounting). Hermaphroditic species with a genetic system that prevents self‐fertilization (self‐incompatibility) would avoid ovule discounting and its fitness cost, whereas species without such a genetically based barrier would not. Contrarily, pollen discounting would be an unavoidable consequence of a large floral display irrespective of selfing barriers. Nevertheless, the increasing fitness costs of ovule and pollen discounting could be offset by respectively increasing ovule and pollen production per flower.

Methods

We compiled data on floral display size and pollen and ovule production per flower for 1241 animal‐pollinated, hermaphroditic angiosperm species, including data on the compatibility system for 779 species. We used phylogenetic general linear mixed models to assess the relations of pollen and ovule production to floral display size.

Results

Our findings provide evidence of increasing pollen production, but not of ovule production, with increasing display size irrespective of compatibility system and even after accounting for potentially confounding effects like flower size and growth form.

Conclusions

Our comparative study supports the pollen‐discount expectation of an adaptive link between per‐flower pollen production and floral display across animal‐pollinated angiosperms.
UVA LED Light Promoted Cross‐Coupling of Tertiary α‐Silylamines with 1‐Iodoalkynes
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Li Jiacheng , Carli Lorenzo , Jin Jianwen , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: May 2023

A synthetic strategy that exploits the formation of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex between a tertiary α‐silylamine and 1‐iodoalkyne under UVA LED (light emitting diode) light (λmax=365 nm) to prepare propargyl amines is described. The site‐ and chemoselective synthetic method was shown to tolerate a wide range of functional groups to give the α‐alkynylation product in good to excellent yields. The usefulness of the C(sp)–C(sp3) bond formation protocol was also exemplified by the late‐stage functionalisation of a variety of natural products and bioactive compounds.
Learning slopes in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hammers Dustin B. , Nemes Sára , Diedrich Taylor , Eloyan Ani , Kirby Kala , Aisen Paul , Kramer Joel , Nudelman Kelly , Foroud Tatiana , Rumbaugh Malia , Atri Alireza , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Rogalski Emily , Salloway Steve , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond Scott , Weintraub Sandra , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Wong Bonnie , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   the LEADS Consortium
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Investigation of learning slopes in early‐onset dementias has been limited. The current study aimed to highlight the sensitivity of learning slopes to discriminate disease severity in cognitively normal participants and those diagnosed with early‐onset dementia with and without β‐amyloid positivity

METHOD

Data from 310 participants in the Longitudinal Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (aged 41 to 65) were used to calculate learning slope metrics. Learning slopes among diagnostic groups were compared, and the relationships of slopes with standard memory measures were determined

RESULTS

Worse learning slopes were associated with more severe disease states, even after controlling for demographics, total learning, and cognitive severity. A particular metric—the learning ratio (LR)—outperformed other learning slope calculations across analyses

CONCLUSIONS

Learning slopes appear to be sensitive to early‐onset dementias, even when controlling for the effect of total learning and cognitive severity. The LR may be the learning measure of choice for such analyses.

Highlights

Learning is impaired in amyloid‐positive EOAD, beyond cognitive severity scores alone.

Amyloid‐positive EOAD participants perform worse on learning slopes than amyloid‐negative participants.

Learning ratio appears to be the learning metric of choice for EOAD participants.
Levels of Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers are altered after food intake—A pilot intervention study in healthy adults
Authors: Huber Hanna , Ashton Nicholas J. , Schieren Alina , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Molfetta Guglielmo Di , Brum Wagner S. , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Grötschel Lana , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Coenen Martin , Weinhold Leonie , Schmid Matthias , Blennow Kaj , Stehle Peter , Zetterberg Henrik , Simon Marie‐Christine
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION

Blood biomarkers accurately identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology and axonal injury. We investigated the influence of food intake on AD‐related biomarkers in cognitively healthy, obese adults at high metabolic risk.

METHODS

One‐hundred eleven participants underwent repeated blood sampling during 3 h after a standardized meal (postprandial group, PG). For comparison, blood was sampled from a fasting subgroup over 3 h (fasting group, FG). Plasma neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid‐beta (Aβ) 42/40, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) 181 and 231, and total‐tau were measured via single molecule array assays.

RESULTS

Significant differences were found for NfL, GFAP, Aβ42/40, p‐tau181, and p‐tau231 between FG and PG. The greatest change to baseline occurred for GFAP and p‐tau181 (120 min postprandially, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that AD‐related biomarkers are altered by food intake. Further studies are needed to verify whether blood biomarker sampling should be performed in the fasting state.

Highlights

Acute food intake alters plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in obese, otherwise healthy adults.

We also found dynamic fluctuations in plasma biomarkers concentration in the fasting state suggesting physiological diurnal variations.

Further investigations are highly needed to verify if biomarker measurements should be performed in the fasting state and at a standardized time of day to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Early versus delayed vasopressor administration in patients with septic shock
Authors: Abe Toshikazu , Umemura Yutaka , Ogura Hiroshi , Kushimoto Shigeki , Fujishima Seitaro , Saitoh Daizoh , Gando Satoshi
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the association of early vasopressor initiation with improved septic shock outcomes.

Methods

This multicenter observational study was conducted in 17 intensive care units in Japan and included adult patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit from July 2019 to August 2020 and treated with vasopressor therapy. Patients were divided into the early vasopressor group (≤1 h from sepsis recognition) and the delayed vasopressor group (>1 h). The impact of early vasopressor administration on risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality was estimated using logistic regression analyses adjusted by an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis with propensity scoring.

Results

Among the 97 patients, 67 received vasopressor therapy within 1 h from sepsis recognition and 30 received vasopressor after 1 h. In‐hospital mortality was 32.8% in the early vasopressor group and 26.7% in the delayed vasopressor group (p = 0.543). The adjusted odds ratio for in‐hospital mortality was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.17–3.29) when comparing patients in the early vasopressor with those in the delayed vasopressor group. The fit curve from the mixed‐effects model showed a relatively lower trend toward an infusion volume over time in the early vasopressor group than in the delayed vasopressor group.

Conclusion

Our study did not reach a definitive conclusion for early vasopressor administration. However, early vasopressor administration may help avoid volume overload in the long course of sepsis care.
Responsiveness of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and Natural History in 884 Recessive and Early Onset Ataxia Patients
Authors: Traschütz Andreas , Adarmes‐Gómez Astrid D. , Anheim Mathieu , Baets Jonathan , Brais Bernard , Gagnon Cynthia , Gburek‐Augustat Janina , Doss Sarah , Hanağası Haşmet A. , Kamm Christoph , Klivenyi Peter , Klockgether Thomas , Klopstock Thomas , Minnerop Martina , Münchau Alexander , Renaud Mathilde , Santorelli Filippo M. , Schöls Ludger , Thieme Andreas , Vielhaber Stefan , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Zanni Ginevra , Hilgers Ralf‐Dieter ,   PREPARE Consortium, Synofzik Matthis
Published: May 2023

Objective

The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is the most widely applied clinical outcome assessment (COA) for genetic ataxias, but presents metrological and regulatory challenges. To facilitate trial planning, we characterize its responsiveness (including subitem‐level relations to ataxia severity and patient‐focused outcomes) across a large number of ataxias, and provide first natural history data for several of them.

Methods

Subitem‐level correlation and distribution‐based analysis of 1,637 SARA assessments in 884 patients with autosomal recessive/early onset ataxia (370 with 2–8 longitudinal assessments) were complemented by linear mixed effects modeling to estimate progression and sample sizes.

Results

Although SARA subitem responsiveness varied between ataxia severities, gait/stance showed a robust granular linear scaling across the broadest range (SARA < 25). Responsiveness was diminished by incomplete subscale use at intermediate or upper levels, nontransitions (“static periods”), and fluctuating decreases/increases. All subitems except nose‐finger showed moderate‐to‐strong correlations to activities of daily living, indicating that metric properties—not content validity—limit SARA responsiveness. SARA captured mild‐to‐moderate progression in many genotypes (eg, SYNE1‐ataxia: 0.55 points/yr, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: 1.14 points/yr, POLG‐ataxia: 1.56 points/yr), but no change in others (autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay, COQ8A‐ataxia). Whereas sensitivity to change was optimal in mild ataxia (SARA < 10), it substantially deteriorated in advanced ataxia (SARA > 25; 2.7‐fold sample size). Use of a novel rank‐optimized SARA without subitems finger‐chase and nose‐finger reduces sample sizes by 20 to 25%.

Interpretation

This study comprehensively characterizes COA properties and annualized changes of the SARA across and within a large number of ataxias. It suggests specific approaches for optimizing its responsiveness that might facilitate regulatory qualification and trial design. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:470–485
Dual‐Functional Z‐Scheme TiO2@MoS2@NC Multi‐Heterostructures for Photo‐Driving Ultrafast Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Li Jinhang , Zhang Yuqiang , Mao Yiyang , Zhao Yingying , Kan Dongxiao , Zhu Kai , Chou Shulei , Zhang Xitian , Zhu Chunling , Ren Jing , Chen Yujin
Published: May 2023

Exploiting dual‐functional photoelectrodes to harvest and store solar energy is a challenging but efficient way for achieving renewable energy utilization. Herein, multi‐heterostructures consisting of N‐doped carbon coated MoS2 nanosheets supported by tubular TiO2 with photoelectric conversion and electronic transfer interfaces are designed. When a photo sodium ion battery (photo‐SIB) is assembled based on the heterostructures, its capacity increases to 399.3 mAh g−1 with a high photo‐conversion efficiency of 0.71 % switching from dark to visible light at 2.0 A g−1. Remarkably, the photo‐SIB can be recharged by light only, with a striking capacity of 231.4 mAh g−1. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that the proposed multi‐heterostructures can enhance charge transfer kinetics, maintain structural stability, and facilitate the separation of photo‐excited carriers. This work presents a new strategy to design dual‐functional photoelectrodes for efficient use of solar energy.
Selective Terminal Functionalization of Linear Alkanes**
Authors: Bruffaerts Jeffrey , Kesten Inbar , Buhnik‐Rosenblau Keren , Cohen Anthony , Edri Nurit , Cormier Morgan , Zhang Yuanfei , Ho Guo‐Ming , Massad Itai , Halfon‐Verner Hila , Kashi Yechezkel , Marek Ilan
Published: May 2023

A two‐step sequential strategy involving a biocatalytic dehydrogenation/remote hydrofunctionalization, as a unified and versatile approach to selectively convert linear alkanes into a large array of valuable functionalized aliphatic derivatives is reported. The dehydrogenation is carried out by a mutant strain of a bacteria Rhodococcus and the produced alkenes are subsequently engaged in a remote functionalization through a metal‐catalyzed hydrometalation/migration sequence that subsequently react with a large variety of electrophiles. The judicious implementation of this combined biocatalytic and organometallic approach enabled us to develop a high‐yielding protocol to site‐selectively functionalize unreactive primary C−H bonds.