bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Educational Functions of Inspirational Video: Emerging Students’ Sense of Community Development
Authors: Suryani Adi , Soedarso Soedarso , Muhibbin Zainul , Marsudi Marsudi , Suarmini Ni Wayan
Published: February 2022

Today, the use of video is prevalent in facilitating learning process. Commonly, it is used to deliver cognitive content. By using video, knowledge the delivered content can be easier to understand, clearer to grasp and becomes more interesting. Many studies devoted to explore the cognitive functions of video. However, how video can affectively contribute to self-development and potential community developed remains unexplored widely. This study intends to examine inspirational video impacts on students’ analysis, inspiration and motivation to develop themselves and contribute their self-development to wider community. The study adopts a qualitative method. The data are collected from thirty-eight student participants. The study finds that video can stimulate the student-participants to develop self-commitment to undertake self-learning, perseverance, hard work, diligence, emotion regulation and elf-efficacy. The study also reveals that the student participants develop commitment to contribute their learning to community development. Thus, it can be indicated that video is a potential development tool, which can promote human capital improvement through self-learning and self improvement and social capital, through social cohesion and engagement for succeeding community development.
The Nature of an English Test: Difficulty Index and Distractor Analysis
Authors: Setiyana Rusma , Rahma Endah Anisa , Syafitri Rina
Published: February 2022

Language assessment plays such a vital role in English teaching and learning process to measure students’ ability. Doing mistake in creating test items leads the failure in finding out presumption of the student’s achievement. This research was expected to break down the nature of English test including the difficulty index and the adequacy of distractors as a part of an english language assessment. Content analysis was utilized in this study by using two different techniques, namely check list and document analysis to collect the information data. The information from checklist were investigated by utilizing a factual method in percentage and the information from archive examination were analyzed  by using a test item analysis software. The result demonstrates that in the term of difficulty index, the english item test met 48% to be acknowledment and the presentage of distractor effectiveness of English test was 41%. It means that more than 50% of the test should be revised and removed.
The Learning Implementation of Writing Non-Literary Text by Online during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Eighth Grade Students at State of Junior High School of 8 Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawati Eva , Setiawan Teguh
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe the planning and implementation of learning to write non-literary texts online during the Covid-19 pandemic, the barriers in the implementation of learning, and the efforts of teachers to overcome these barriers. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were teachers and the eighth grade students in state of Junior High School of 8 Yogyakarta. The object of research is focused on planning and implementing learning to write non-literary texts, barriers, and the efforts of teachers to overcome barriers to learning online during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data obtained by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Based on the research conducted, it can be seen that learning planning includes syllabus and specific lesson plans for online learning, while the implementation of learning includes objectives, teaching materials, methods, media, and evaluation. Furthermore, the barriers faced by teachers include facilities and infrastructure, signal stability, and online learning design creativity. On the other hand, the barriers faced by students include signal stability, data packages, and the learning process. The teacher has a role in overcoming the barriers to online learning that occur. Keywordswriting; non-literary text; online learning
The Meaning of Burning Incense Ritual as a Preservation of Cultural Values and Beliefs of the Community of Nagan Raya-Aceh
Authors: Muzakkir Muzakkir , Juliana Rena , Juliani Reni
Published: February 2022

The ritual of burning incense at Gudang Buloh Mosque, which has existed for hundreds of years, is still upheld by the community of Nagan Raya. This ritual is an ancestral tradition from time to time that has been carried out from generation to generation until now it has been developing in some people in the southwest region of Aceh. The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of the burning incense ritual at Gudang Buloh Mosque to the people. This research method is qualitative. The researchers went to the site to collect data. After the researchers made observations, received data from various sources, and interviews, the researcher analyzed them to use as study material. The research site is located in the Syeikh Syaikhuna Gudang Buloh mosque, Ujong Pasie village, Kuala district, Nagan Raya Reign, Aceh Province. The results showed that; First, the ritual of burning incense in the mosque, which is a legacy of the past to this day, is still preserved and has even evolved and become the beliefs of some people in and around it. Second, the ritual of burning incense is guided by the Khadam of the mosque to every community who has a desire so that the ceremony is believed to contain sacred values. Third, from the perspective of social communication, the ritual of burning incense is at the same time a process of socialization for the transmission of ancient values that are exalted by society, and through social communication, the consciousness of the community can build a fraternal bond that what the community believes can be achieved. Based on this belief, the ritual of burning incense is maintained.
Critical Thinking Through Distance Learning: An Analysis of Indonesian Open University
Authors: Mizal Basidin , Basith Rayhan Izzati , Tathahira Tathahira
Published: February 2022

This study purposes the enhancement of Critical Thinking ability for students at Indonesian Open University or Universitas Terbuka (UT) and argues that critical thinking can be effectively implemented for online students to improve their skills during their academic life. If it is successful, Indonesian Open University can be better satisfied with their scholars’ quality and sustainable outcomes. This study employed the literature study approach by obtaining the data and information from relevant previous studies. This study suggested that in order to enhance students’ learning outcomes at UT, the instructors are expected to introduce the concept of critical thinking ability through learning content, instructional methods, practice examples and feedback. It is also suggested that students should be encouraged to participate in collaborative learning to stimulate their higher order thinking. The role of instructors and faculty member in designing engaging learning activities and providing accurate information related to learning management system are considerably crucial.
Perception of the Online Learning Process During the Covid-19 Pandemic at New Higher Education Institution in Aceh
Authors: Zhafira Nabila Hilmy , Irmalis Amsal
Published: February 2022

The expansion of access to education in Indonesia through new higher education institution or PTN-B gives new hope for the future of education. However, the limited condition of human resources, facilities, and infrastructure management processes of each PTN-B greatly impacts the learning process. The diversity of learning methods is present as an alternative solution to these problems, but is not sufficient to accommodate all learning needs. There are three PTN-B in Aceh, Universitas Teuku Umar, ISBI Aceh, and Universitas Samudra. The three PTN-Bs have carried out a learning process outside the network during the Covid-19 pandemic, but this is a relatively new phenomenon in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a challenge for PTN-B in Aceh, especially to face the COVID-19 era and anticipate global challenges in the future. This study aims to analyze students' perceptions of the application of online learning at PTN-B in Aceh during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to find out the assessment procedures for distance learning that have proven to be effectively applied to students according to the conditions/characteristics of students and the characteristics of learning materials. Then this study will evaluate the online learning process through student perceptions and make recommendations for its implementation. This study uses a literature review approach by emphasizing the analysis on numerical data that is processed by literature review methods.
The Effect of Education on the Utilization of Posyandu during the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sei Rotan Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Silalahi Yetti Fauziah
Published: February 2022

Integrated Healthcare Center is a form of health service where the management and implementation come from, by and with the community to improve health development, improve public health by empowering the community, and become a basic service for the community in order to accelerate the reduction of maternal and infant mortality. This type of research is a pre-experiment using a one group pretest posttest design. The population in this study were mothers who attended the Integrated Healthcare Center, amounting to 35 people using the Sampling Technique: Purposive Sampling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of providing education on the use of Integrated Healthcare Center during the covid 19 pandemic. The results of the research on the use of Integrated Healthcare Center during the Covid 19 pandemic before providing education, the majority were classified as low as many as 18 respondents (46.2%), while the use of Integrated Healthcare Center during the Covid 19 pandemic after providing education increased to a high category of 20 respondents (51.3 %). Conclusion There are differences in the quality of Integrated Healthcare Center utilization during the Covid 19 pandemic before and after being given education, with a p value (0.000) < (0.05). These results prove that there is a significant influence between the provision of education on the use of Integrated Healthcare Center during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sei Rotan Village. These results prove that the provision of education can provide positive changes to the use of Integrated Healthcare Center during the covid pandemic.
Impact of the tax collection of the Redeemable Tax on Plastic Bottles for environmental conservation. Case of bottling and marketing companies in Machala
Authors: YÁNEZ-RÍOS Katerine Alexandra , CASTILLO-MACAS Lizbeth Margarita , GUTIÉRREZ-JARAMILLO Néstor Daniel
Published: February 2022

This research focuses on analyzing the impact generated by the tax collection of the taxable tax on plastic bottles, through the search and collection of statistical data in official sources, for environmental conservation, in the bottling and marketing companies of the Machala canton. The methodology applied is qualitative-descriptive, based on the bibliographic review and data obtained from reliable sources for their respective analysis depending on the object of study. The results obtained through the research give as a response that the tax collection of the IRBP has increased with the passage of time and that together with the figures of the refunds reached can be taken as a measure that has contributed to improve environmental conservation and this is equivalent to 43,137 tons of non-polluting plastic bottles to the environment that have been recycled; it is advisable a deep socialization by the tax entity, on the end of this tax. The research contributes to visualize how a tax policy contributes to conserving the environment through the establishment of an environmental tax on plastic bottles with a fee of $ 0.02 to promote recycling and the mechanics of return to those who collect such plastic bottles.
TRENDS AND FORECAST PARAMETERS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter I., Zakshevskaya E. V. , Kuksin S. V. ,   Voronezh State Agricultural University named after Emperor Peter I.
Published: February 2022

The article examines the current state of the grain market at the level of federal districts and in the Russian Federation as a whole, it is noted that, despite severe weather conditions, the gross harvest of 2020 became the second largest in the history of Russia. The leaders in grain production in 2020 were the Central, Volga and Southern, in terms of the area of crops – the Volga, Southern, Siberian and Central Federal districts. The yield of grain and leguminous crops for the analyzed period 1990–2020 increased by 46.7% and averaged 28.6 c/ha in the country. The analysis of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the development of Agriculture for 2017–2025 and its subprograms, the Long-term strategy for the development of the grain complex of the Russian Federation until 2035, an assessment of the new indicator «provision of seeds of the main agricultural crops of domestic selection», presented in the Doctrine of Food Security 2020, is given. It is noted that in the world grain market over the past 30 years, Russia’s export potential has grown 24.3 times and reached 48.7 million tons, which corresponds to the third place in the world in grain exports (12% of the market volume) and the first place in wheat exports (20% of the market volume). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain imports, investments for the development of both the grain industry and processing, and market infrastructure, including grain storage and warehousing systems, are given. Grain balance, export dynamics, including for individual grain crops, changes in export sales prices are considered. The main directions of development and improvement of the grain market for the future are presented: attracting investments in the grain industry; increasing the production of grain complex products and improving their quality by increasing the acreage by introducing unused land into circulation; increasing domestic grain consumption for feed purposes due to the development of the livestock industry and industrial grain processing; improving infrastructure and logistics of the grain industry; improving the scientific and technical base of the grain industry; improvement of measures of state regulation of grain production; increase of domestic grain consumption and development of export potential.
THE POTENTIAL OF INCREASING BEEF PRODUCTION IN THE BAIKAL REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE MEAT MARKET IN THE APAC
Authors:   Baikal State University, Bagainikov M. L.
Published: February 2022

The development of beef cattle breeding is an important area of agricultural production in many countries of the world. Its products are in stable demand, but if in developed Western countries such as the USA, Canada, EU countries, beef consumption either grows at a very low rate, or does not grow or even decreases, then the countries of the Asia- Pacific Region (APR), including developing showing steady growth. This makes the Asia- Pacific beef market very attractive for meat exporters, which, unfortunately, Russia does notyet include, although it has significant potential. The article deals with the development of beef cattle breeding in the Baikal region in order to enter the beef market of the Asia-Pacific countries. In order to study the possibility of exporting beef to the markets of actively developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, some of its features regarding the formation of demand for meat and the factors that determine it are briefly described. In particular, an increase in the well-being of the population of these countries was noted, which made previously too expensive beef more affordable for a large part of the population, as well as a change in consumer behavior, expressed in the preference for products obtained without the use of an industrial fattening system, based exclusively on stall keeping and the widespread use of concentrated feed, synthetic feed additives and muscle mass growth stimulants. Also, a higher quality of beef was noted as a result of the use of a pasture fattening system, which can be widely used in the conditions of the Baikal region, which suggests an export-oriented vector for the development of beef cattle breeding. As confirmation, some basic characteristics of the region are given, which make it possible to substantiate the prospects of the considered direction of development of regional animal husbandry.
ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE GRAIN COMPLEX IN TERMS OF PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS OF LAND USE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Nikonova G. N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of ensuring stability of the national grain market at the present stage of successful development of the agro-industrial complex of the country and increase in global threats and risks. The purpose of the study is to assess possibilities of achieving the set tasks and degree of implementation of the existing resource potential of the grain complex in conditions of imperfection of land relations in the agricultural sector of the economy. The information base was the data of Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, characterizing the dynamics of the development of grain production in the whole country for the period from pre-reform 1990 till 2020. They were also used to analyze changes in land use parameters in agriculture of the Russian Federation and in the context of federal districts for 2000–2019. Prerequisites and effectiveness of positive changes in grain production in recent years, allowing the country to occupy a leading position in the world grain market, are considered. Based on the analysis, it is concluded of the existing instability of grain yield level and bulk yield as well as the necessity to increase the acreage for meeting domestic needs and rising export supplies of products. Significant shortcomings of the existing model of land relations in the agricultural sector, which can be a deterrent to increasing the presence of our country in the world grain market, are shown. The realization of reproductive opportunities of the grain complex and, first of all, introduction of significant areas of unused land into turnover will contribute to the elimination of existing land use risks. At the same time, the most important institution-mechanism for solving these problems is the measures of the «State Program for Effective Involvement in the Turnover of Agricultural Land and the Development of the Reclamation Complex of the Russian Federation for 2022–2031».
ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Cherevatova T. F. , Ermolaeva O. S. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Bystrenina I. E. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Stepantsevich M. N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2022

The authors of the article see the problem of digitalization of agriculture in the insufficient funding resources at the enterprises for the introduction of information and communication technologies, development of infrastructure in rural areas, shortage of IT-personnel, etc. The solution of these problems is facilitated by the integration of information systems, which is necessary to begin with the agricultural enterprises themselves. The paper notes the influence of external and internal factors on the improvement of agricultural business. Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) data on the agricultural enterprise performance and the use of special software are presented. Integration implies the implementation of the interconnection and interdependence of all parts of the system with the separation of the area of influence on each other, taking into account two features: structural levels and enterprise management functions. Design, development and use of a ready-made information system of the enterprise should include business logic, functional and user requirements for the system. As an integrated system, it is proposed to use ERP- systems based on the management of a single data warehouse containing all the necessary corporate information: production, financial, personnel, etc. An example of such a system is the 1C: ERP Agro-industrial Complex 2 software product, which takes into account the industry specifics of the agro-industrial complex enterprises and allows leveling sanction risks. Another important aspect of the problem under study is the use of information systems based on geo- information technologies providing information support for decision-making on the base of accumulated data of a digital terrain model, remote sensing of land, soil characteristics, use of land resources, monitoring of agricultural- purpose land. By increasing the scale, agricultural enterprises are able to meet their own domestic needs completely and enter international markets with environmentally safe quality products. Integrated information systems will provide them with effective assistance providing complete reliable information for making managerial decisions.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Pavlov V. N. , Rodionova I. A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: February 2022

Stimulating the innovation activity of small agribusiness entities requires substantiation of methodological tools for the development of regional programs for the innovative development of agriculture. The analysis showed that the municipal districts of the Saratov region are seriously different in terms of the level of innovative opportunities, therefore, it is necessary to develop a differentiated territorial development model that would take into account the degree of preparedness of the municipal districts for the perception of innovative business. The article substantiates a conceptual approach to the rating model of innovative development, built on the ordering of small agribusiness objects in different municipal districts on the basis of relative indicators, each of which is calculated according to official regional statistics. The algorithm for the implementation of this model has been substantiated, groups of indicators (indices) that determine the innovative development of small agribusiness have been identified. On the basis of the calculations, the author’s typology of municipal districts is proposed in terms of the level of innovative development of small agribusiness. The paper concludes that for the formation of an innovative economy in the agricultural sector, specific programs are needed, in which measures should be developed to obtain new knowledge based on applied research and development and its transfer through a system of consulting support. However, there is practically no planning of work at the regional level to disseminate innovations on a scientific basis with the implementation of the necessary consulting and training techniques. This leads to the fact that individual business entities independently decide which innovations to use, depending on the available resource and human potential. The article substantiates a set of solutions to stimulate innovative activity in agriculture. In the conclusion, the scientific and practical significance of the study is determined, consisting in the development of a methodological approach that makes it possible to determine the level of innovative development of specific territorial units and to propose directions for improving the use of available resources in order to increase their efficiency.
RURAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSTABILITY
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of RAS - a separate structural subdivision of the Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyinskaya E. V.
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the problem stated in the article is conditioned by the fact that the rural population continues to decline. There are processes of compression of populated and developed space, dying of traditional rural way of life, development of suburban areas, leaning to the zones of influence of agglomerations and emergence of agriculture- unrelated activities. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic possibilities of managing rural spatial development under conditions of socio-economic instability through the analysis of dynamics of the number of rural settlements over a period of years. The main research methods of the problem stated in the article are: theoretical approaches (analysis of domestic and foreign theoretical statements of spatial development), statistical and systematic analysis, analysis and synthesis, analysis of legislative and program documents. Under conditions of socio-economic instability, rural spatial development is increasingly being seized by the processes of compression of populated and developed space, as well as completely new solutions for non-agricultural settlement development (distance forms of education, medical services, rural tourism, traditional crafts, distance working, creative projects, etc.). The article assesses the conditions and factors of probability of the formation of a rural settlement system taking into account the goals of national development. It is determined that only multifunctional development of territories, promotion in creation of new, up-to-date settlement systems (synthesizing urban and rural types of settlement in itself) will build the basis for the implementation of the goals of national development, namely: preservation of the population, health and well-being of people; opportunities for self- realization of citizens and decent, effective work; creation of a comfortable and safe environment for life, digital transformation. According to the results of theoretical and methodological analysis and assessment of the production bases of the development of forms of rural population, it is established that it is strategically advisable to focus on the organization of villages with a complex structure of the economy: the more functions a rural settlement performs, the more successfully it develops.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE PROCESSES OF REPRODUCTION OF THE LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
Authors:   Southwest State University, Shevyakin A. S.
Published: February 2022

The article considers the factors of negative impact on the system of reproduction and use of labor potential in conditions of the regional economy. Prerequisites for the development of the current trends and possibilities of their potential development in future are analyzed. Attention is paid to labor potential and labor resources as a factor of production, for which competition is conducted at the interregional level. It is proposed to structure the factors of negative impact into four main groups that determine degradation of labor potential and outflow of labor resources from the regions. It is noted what exactly hinders the formation of a system of incentives for education and vocational training and determines the imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market by various regions and industries. The present-day features of the development of the labor market in conditions of the regional economy in the Russian Federation, including the processes of movement at the interregional level, are considered. The study of relative dependence of the income level on the available education has been carried out, and that makes it possible to identify the factors of the labor market development in the short and medium term. The system of factors of degradation of labor potential in the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation, which determines the trends of negative impact on the system of reproduction of labor resources, is identified. The article notes that in market conditions, the need for labor resources is determined at various stages not only by the state of employment, but also by the amount of demand for goods and services. An important factor is the overall level of competitiveness of labor resources. The necessity of considering the current state of reproduction, formation and use of labor potential in the Russian economy as a transitional form is substantiated. Despite the presence of unemployment in certain specialties and categories of the population, that is, mostly, conditioned by structural changes in the economy, it is important to note that despite the crisis of the recent years, in the Russian Federation, as a whole, unemployment rate remains quite low.
Uji Patogenisitas Jamur Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Isolat Tomohon Terhadap Larva Ulat Grayak Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Mullo Indry Angelia , Siahaan Parluhutan , Wahyudi Lalu
Published: February 2022

The armyworm frugiperda (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the insect pests of the Order Lepidoptera that attacks corn plantations in Tomohon City. One of the efforts to control pests is the use of entomopathogens. This study aims to identify and analyze the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus Tomohon isolate against larvae S. frugiperda. This research was conducted in-vitro using experimental methods. Data were analyzed using probit analysis and Anova test at 95% level and the smallest significant difference test at 5% confidence level. The results showed that the entomopathogenic fungus that attacked the larvae of S. frugiperda was a species of Metarhizium rileyi. The mortality percentage of the treatment that killed the larvae the fastest until it reached an average mortality of 100%, namely spore density of 109 only took seven days after treatment (DAT). The LT50 value is 4 days, and the LC50 value is a concentration of 5.4. For the results of the analysis of the average mortality percentage of S. frugiperda carried out on four DAT using the ANOVA test, there were differences in the mortality of each treatment.Keywords: Metarhizium rileyi; entomopathogen; Spodoptera frugiperdaAbstrakUlat grayak frugiperda (Spodoptera frugiperda) merupakan salah satu hama serangga dari Ordo Lepidoptera yang menyerang perkebunan jagung di Kota Tomohon. Salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan hama yaitu dengan pemanfaatan entomopatogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis patogenisitas jamur entomopatogen isolat Tomohon terhadap Larva S. frugiperda. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit dan uji Anava pada taraf 95% dan uji beda nyata terkecil pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur entomopatogen yang menyerang larva S. frugiperda merupakan spesies Metarhizium rileyi. Persentase mortalitas perlakuan yang paling cepat mematikan larva hingga mencapai rata-rata mortalitas 100% yaitu kerapatan spora 109 konidium/ml hanya membutuhkan waktu tujuh hari setelah perlakuan (HSP). Nilai LT50 yaitu 4 hari, dan nilai LC50 yaitu konsentrasi 105,4 konidium/ml. Untuk hasil analisis rata-rata persentase mortalitas S. frugiperda pada empat HSP dengan menggunakan uji anava menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pada mortalitas tiap perlakuan.Kata Kunci: Metarhizium rileyi; entomopatogen; Spodoptera frugiperda
Daya Hambat Isolat Jamur Rizosfer Tanaman Kopi (Coffea sp.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Penyebab Busuk Buah Kopi (Coffea sp.)
Authors: Lusiana Safitri , Mukarlina Mukarlina , Zakiah Zulfa
Published: February 2022

Fruit rot disease in coffee plants (Coffea sp.) is caused by pathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp.). Control of coffee berry rot disease can be done by using biological agents in the form of rhizosphere fungi which have antagonistic properties against pathogenic fungi. This study aims to determine the type of fungus from coffee fruit rot and rhizosphere fungi and to determine the ability of rhizosphere fungi to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. The study was conducted in January-April 2020. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. Sampling was carried out in a coffee plantation (Coffea sp.) Punggur Kecil Village, Kubu Raya Regency. Fungal isolation was carried out using the dilution method and the antagonist test was carried out using the paired method. Based on the results of the study, there was an inhibition of the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp. JPTK1 and Fusarium sp. JPTK2 by Trichoderma sp. JRTK3 with the highest percentage of antagonists were 37.12% and 70.48%, respectively.Keywords: fruit rot disease; biological agents; coffee; rhizosphere fungiAbstrakPenyakit busuk buah pada tanaman kopi (Coffea sp.) disebabkan oleh jamur patogen (Fusarium sp.). Pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kopi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan agen hayati berupa jamur rizosfer yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap jamur patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis jamur dari busuk buah kopi dan jamur rizosfer serta untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur rizosfer dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-April 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di perkebunan kopi (Coffea sp.) Desa Punggur Kecil Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Isolasi jamur dilakukan dengan metode pengenceran dan uji antagonis dilakukan dengan metode berpasangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur Fusarium sp. JPTK1 dan Fusarium sp. JPTK2 oleh Trichoderma sp. JRTK3 dengan persentase antagonis tertinggi masing-masing yaitu 37,12% dan 70,48%. Kata kunci: penyakit busuk buah; agen hayati; kopi; jamur rizosfer.
Tingkat Kematangan Gonad dan Fekunditas Ikan Ingir-ingir (Mystus nigriceps, Valencieenes 1840) di Sungai Kampar Kiri Desa Mentulik Provinsi Riau
Authors: Walidaini Syifa Ainun , Elvyra Roza
Published: February 2022

Mystus nigriceps fish in the Kampar Kiri River mentulik village is a fish consumption community and economical value so often fishing that causes a decline in the population of this fish in nature. The study aimed to examine the maturity level of gonads and the fecundity of M. nigriceps fish. Fish samples are taken once a month from February-July 2021. The parameters measured include gonad maturity level (TKG), gonad maturity index (IKG), fecundity and egg diameter. The results showed that the gonad maturity levels of male and female fish were found at the TKG I-IV stage which was dominated by the most common female fish in July. The gonad maturity index of female M. nigriceps fish is greater than that of male fish. The fecundity of M. nigriceps ranges from 626-16,370 eggs with diameters ranging from 0.43-0.75 mm and has a spawning pattern that is a total spawner.Keywords: Mystus nigriceps; gonad maturity level; gonad maturity index; fecundity; egg diameter ABSTRAKIkan Mystus nigriceps di Sungai Kampar Kiri Desa Mentulik merupakan ikan konsumsi masyarakat dan bernilai ekonomis sehingga sering dilakukan penangkapan yang menyebabkan penurunan populasi ikan ini di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat kematangan gonad dan fekunditas ikan M. nigriceps. Sampel ikan diambil satu kali sebulan dari bulan Februari-Juli 2021. Parameter yang diukur meliputi tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), fekunditas dan diameter telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan gonad ikan jantan dan betina ditemukan pada tahap TKG I-IV yang didominasi oleh ikan betina paling banyak dijumpai pada bulan Juli. Indeks kematangan gonad ikan M. nigriceps betina lebih besar dibandingkan ikan jantan. Fekunditas ikan M. nigriceps berkisar antara 626-16.370 butir telur dengan diameter berkisar antara 0,43-0,75 mm dan memiliki pola pemijahan yang bersifat total spawner.Kata Kunci:  Mystus nigriceps; tingkat kematangan gonad; indeks kematangan gonad; fekunditas; diameter telur
KEMAMPUAN SENYAWA PATELAMIDA E DARI PROCHLORON DIDEMNI ASAL TELUK MANADO SEBAGAI INHIBITOR REPLIKASI SARS-CoV-2 BERDASARKAN KAJIAN PENAMBATAN MOLEKULER DENGAN AUTODOCK
Authors: Pangemanan Trezya Nilam Sari , Sumampouw Eliza J. , Lenak Maria M. , Rumengan Inneke FM
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has lead to a global health emergency. The outbreak of COVID-19 to date indicates an urgency to find and develop effective therapeutic agents. One alternative that needs to be explored is to design drug candidates from marine fauna. Marine microbes have promising molecular potential as a source of pharmaceutical biomaterials, including Prochloron didemni which associated with Ascidiacea belongs to the invertebrate subphylum Tunicata in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi. This microbe has been isolated from its host Lissoclinum patella and cultivated in the laboratory. P. didemni has been reported to produce several cyclic peptides including patelamide E compound. One approach to develop this compound as antiviral drug is in silico analysis using AutoDock. This analysis aims to predict the ability of patelamide E compounds to inhibit the activity of the non-structural protein (nsp13) SARS-CoV-2 which is known to play an important role in the viral replication. Its molecular structure was downloaded from the RCSB Protein Database with ID 6ZSL. As ligands, the molecular structure of patelamide E and the recommended drugs for COVID-19 (ivermectin, remdesivir, malnupiravir, favipiravir and oseltamivir) were downloaded from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. The binding affinity between the protein and the ligand was assessed using AutoDock and visualized by PyMol. The results show that the free energy (∆G) value of -15.4 kcal/mol was obtained for binding affinity of patelamide E towards nsp13 SARS-CoV-2, indicating that this compound could inhibit the viral replication. The inhibitory ability of patelamide E is stronger than the recommended drugs (ivermectin, remdesivir, malnupiravir, favipiravir and oseltamivir) with ∆G values ranged from -6.7 to -13.7 kcal/mol. This analysis is obviously necessary to accomplish with further computer simulation for assesing the binding stability. The potential of patelamide E as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidate should be more clinically assayed after in vitro and in vivo analyses.Keywords: Molecular docking, nsp 13, patellamide E, SARS-CoV-2, marine microbes
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA BUDO KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Tidore Sarifudin , Sondak Calvyn FA , Rumengan Antonius P , Kaligis Erly Y , Ginting Elvy Like , Kondoy Christine
Published: February 2022

Mangrove forest can grow on the muddy soil, along the coast and around the river estuaries that are affected by the tidal. The mangrove forest has a specific vegetation structure. Study on the structure of the mangrove forest community, was carried out in the Budo Village. Mangrove community structure data was taken using line transect method. A 100 m line was established from the sea perpendicular to the coast. A total of three line transects was made and each line has five 10 x 10 m plots with 20 m distance between plots. Distance between transect is 50m. This study found that three mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, and Bruguiera gymmorrhiza were found in the three transects during this study. The highest species biodiversity index was found in transect two (H’ = 0.97). R. apiculata has the highest density and relative density 0.05 ind/m2 and 67.57%. Both R. apiculata and S. alba have the highest frequency and relative frequency of 1.00 and 50% respectively. The highest species coverage and relative coverage area is belonging to S. alba in transect two, 25,89 and 63.57%. S. alba has the highest Important value index 140.72 in transect two.Keywords: Budo Village, Mangrove Forest, Community Structure.
KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT ARSEN PADA ALGA Kappaphycus alvarezii SERTA SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN DESA BUKU KECAMATAN BELANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA
Authors: Tampongangoy Laurenzy , Mantiri Desy M H , Paransa Darus SJ , Rompas Rizald M , Paulus James J H , Undap Suzanne
Published: February 2022

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species algae that is very widely developed in the tropical waters, especially in Indonesia. The potential in these waters may decrease due to heavy metal pollution that accumulates in algae and sediments. Analyzing the content of heavy metal arsenic (As), using the SNI 01-2896-1998 test method, namely the metal contamination test method in food. The results obtained from this study were samples of brown and green Kapapphycus alvarezii taken from week I-V detected containing heavy metal arsenic (As) ranging from 0.17 - 0.42 ppm for green algae and 0.12 - 0.37 ppm for brown algae. This As concentration does not exceed the maximum heavy metal limit, which is 1.0 ppm for the maximum limit for heavy metal contamination in food. The concentration of heavy metal in sediments is 1.12 ppm, not exceeding the quality standard in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the maximum heavy metal limit for arsenic in sediment is below 10 mg/kg
KERAGAMAN KELINCI LAUT (NUDIBRANCHIA) DI PERAIRAN LAUT SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Mantiri Inri K K , Lintang Rosita AJ , Boneka Farnis Bineada , Wagey Billy Th. , Wantasen Adnan , Ompi Medy
Published: February 2022

This study aims to 1) identify the species of Nudibranchia in North Sulawesi marine waters, especially in Malalayang waters, Teep waters, Sangihe waters, Bunaken waters, Gangga waters and Lembeh straits, 2) find out species of Nudibranchia that is found in all sites, and 3) find out index community structure of Nudibranchia in all sites.  The result show that there were 11 species of Nudibranchia in Malalayang waters, 27 species in Lembeh Strait, 11 species in Teep waters, 57 species in Bunaken waters, 91 species in Bangka waters, and 20 species in Sangihe waters. Up to now, there were 139 species of Nudibranchia in North Sulawesi marine waters, where Species of Phyllidiella pustulosa, Phyllidia ocellata, Phyllidia varicose, Chromodoris annae, and Glossodoris cincta were found in all study locations. The species of Doriprismatica atromarginata was only found in the Malalayang waters.  A high Index Diversity was found in Bunaken and Bangka waters, and a middle Index Diversity was found in the waters of Lembeh Strait, Teep, and Sangihe. A stable community structure was found for all locations, while a low domination was categorized to all locations. Keywords: Nudibranchia, species, diversity, evenness, domination, and community structure.
KONDISI KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI PERAIRAN BULUTUI KECAMATAN LIKUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Umanailo M. Takdir , Manembu Inri M , Manengkey Hermanto WK , Paruntu Carolus P , Lintang Rosita A , Pelle Wilmy E
Published: February 2022

Hard coral is one of the main components of this forming coral reef ecosystem. Bulutui waters have coral reef ecosystems that have a direct role as a source of livelihood for people around these waters. However, there are non-environmentally friendly human activities such as fishing using explosives or chemical solutions that cause coral reef damage. The aimed of this research was to find out the condition of hard coral’s percentage cover and to described the frequency of hard coral’s occurance therefore it’s could be representative data at this location. Coral data was collected by using PIT (Point Intercept Transect) method. The value of percentage cover of hard corals at Bulutui waters are 20.58% and the value is categorized damaged. The total frequency of hard coral’s occurance at station 1 are 66 and dominated by Coral Submassive (CS), at station 2 are 23 and dominated by Coral Massive (CM), at station 3 are 18 and dominated by Coral Foliose (CF) and then at station 4 are 140 and dominated by Coral Foliose (CF).Keywords: Percentage Cover, Scleractinia Coral, Bulutui Waters, PIT Methods.
Pemberdayaan Kelompok Nelayan Desa Arakan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Dalam Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Ikan
Authors: Lohoo Helen Jenny , Palenewen Joyce Christiana Valencia
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this program is to empower the Women Fishermen group in Arakan Village, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province in processing / diversifying fish products into shredded. This diversification of shredded fish is expected to increase production, management to be skilled and economically independent which in turn can increase people's income. The specific target of this activity is to produce shredded fish products that are superior in terms of taste, sanitation and hygiene, durability, and create jobs / businesses and strong management. The implementation methods applied to this program are 1) the production of shredded fish; 2) Approach methods to overcome partner problems, namely counseling, training, mentoring and evaluation; 3) Work procedures to support aspects of the problem, respectively, namely survey, counseling, training, evaluation, output, reporting.The result of this activity is an increase in the skills and knowledge or empowerment of the Women Fishermen group in Arakan Village, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province in processing/diversifying fishery products, namely fish floss which is delicious and favored by panelists, packaged practically. This activity is expected; women in coastal areas can be empowered through economic activities based on fishery business so that they become a new locomotive in bringing the economy of fishing communities to be better. Keywords: empowerment, diversifying processed, fish products, Arakan village
KOMPOSISI NEMATOSIT KARANG FUNGIA, Cycloseris vaugani DARI TERUMBU KARANG PANTAI MALALAYANG, MANADO
Authors: Sagrang Adelin M , Paruntu Carolus P , Wagey Billy Theodorus , Roeroe Kakaskasen A , Ompi Medy , Wantasen Adnan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of nematocysts in the body tissue of the coral fungia, C. vaugani.  The location for the collection of C. vaugani colonies was on the coral reefs of the Malalayang coastal area, Manado. This research was carried out in September - December 2020. The observation of nematocysts of C. vaugani was carried out using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a magnification of x100 objective lens which connected to a computer monitor equipped with an optical view 7 application at the Fish Health Environment and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, UNSRAT.  The present results showed that C. vaugani had a composition of nematocysts, namely type I microbasic p-mastigophore (MpM-I) of 40.00%, small type II microbasic p-mastigophore (sMpM-II) of 31.11%, small holotrichous isorhizas (sHI) of 24.44 %, large type II microbasic p-mastigophore (lMpM-II) of 2.22%, and large holotrichous isorhizas (IHI) of 2.22%.  sMpM-II is the most dominant nematocyst type of C. vaugani and this type of nematocyst is thought to be used by coral for aggression and killing prey or predator if there is disturbance from the surrounding aquatic environment where the coral lives.  Further research is recommended to study the types and morphology of nematocyst from various species of coral fungia, including C. vaugani to understand the differences in their types and dimension of the nematocyst. Keywords: Composition, Cycloseris vaugani, Fungia, Manado, nematosit