bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental assessment of the lumped lithium–ion battery model
Authors: Özdemir Tanilay , Amini Ali , Ekici Özgür , Köksal Murat
Published: November 2019

In this study, an axisymmetric computational lumped model is used to investigate the thermal and electrical behavior of a cylindrical Lithium-ion (Li–ion) battery during various discharging processes at 0-20-50°C operating temperatures. A typical cylindrical Li–ion cell consists ofmultiple spiral layers, on the other hand, the model employs the lumped battery interface approach in COMSOL Multiphysics to reduce the computational effort. In the lumped approach, layers of different materials are approximated as a uniform material with effective properties. Among other parameters, the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) as a function of the State of Charge (SOC) is determined experimentally andused as input to the model. The model is then used to analyze the effects of the correlations of various parameters on the transient electrical and thermal responses of the battery and validated by comparing predicted results with experimental data.
Application of a fast transonic trajectory determination approach in 1-D modelling of steady-state two-phase carbon dioxide flow
Authors: Angielczyk Wojciech , Śmierciew Kamil , Butrymowicz Dariusz
Published: November 2019

An original generalised procedure of determination of the transonic trajectory has been proposed. The procedure is much faster than the commonly used Newton Critical Point approach. The approach was applied in modelling of a carbon dioxide transonic two-phase flow through the converging-diverging nozzle by means of the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model and Delayed Equilibrium Model (DEM). The simulations concern flows that were experimentally and theoretically investigated in the literature. DEM was prev ously used only in choked water flow simulations. Its application in CO2 flow modelling and the supersonic trajectory part determination is a novel contribution. The adjusted for CO2 version of the closurelaw was proposed. The investigation revealed that the applied Darcy friction factor determination approach has a significant influence on the results. Moreover, the models are unable of producing physically acceptable solutions until theLockhartMartinelli approach is utilised. It was shown that the Friedel approach might be considered more proper for CO2 flows.
Investigation of the equilibrium and non–equilibrium models of heat and moisture transport in a wet porous building material
Authors: Seredyński Miroslaw , Wasik Michał , Łapka Piotr , Furmański Piotr , Cieślikiewicz Łukasz , Pietrak Karol , Kubiś Michał , Wiśniewski Tomasz S. , Jaworski Maciej
Published: November 2019

In the paper the equilibrium and non-equilibrium models of moisture transport across the wet building material are proposed and compared. The equilibrium condition between gaseous and liquid moisture phases in the first model is relaxed in the second one, where evaporation and condensation are driven by the difference between the actual moisture partial pressure and its saturation value. In both models moisture is assumed in the gaseous phase as well as continuous (funicular) and discontinuous (pendular) liquid phase. Moreover, the transport of moisture is tightly coupled with heat transfer, which is treated as the fully equilibrium process in both models. The proposed models are verified with numericalresults available in literature, namely with temporal variation of temperature in selected location in the building material. Additionally, predicted with both models temporal changes of the moisture content in three selected points and the total moisture content are compared. Both models produced similar results.
Numerical analysis of multiphase flow through axial vortex tube cyclone separators
Authors: B Gopalakrishnan , Prakash K Arul
Published: November 2019

Axial cyclone separators are used as primary filtration components in many internal combustion engine applications. A numerical study of gas-solid flow through an axial cyclone separator is carried out by Eulerian-Lagrangian CFD approach, which uses discrete phase modelling (DPM) of particles and solution of incompressible turbulent Navier-Stokes equations with RNG k—ɛ closure model. The effective filtration of inlet air from dust particles is an important requirement for prolonged engine life cycle. In axial cyclone separators, a helical swirl generator is used for imparting swirling motion to theparticle laden flow and particles are filtered by centrifugal separation and then scavenged using a vortex tube. In the present work, the modelling done in OpenFOAM successfully captures the features of the swirling flow, along with particle–gas and particle–wall interactions for a varying size distribution at the inlet. Studies were aimed at analysing the effect of particles and its effect on improving the performance of the filter.
An experimental and numerical analysis of the fluid flow in a mechanically agitated vessel
Authors: Jaszczur Marek , Młynarczykowska Anna , Demurtas Luana
Published: November 2019

The mixing process is a widespread phenomenon, which plays an essential role among a large number of industrial processes. The effectiveness of mixing depends on the state of mixed phases, temperature, viscosity and density of liquids, mutual solubility of mixed fluids, type of stirrer, a what is the most critical - the shape of the impeller. In the present research, the objective is to analyse the process of the fluid flow in the mechanically agitated vessel with new impeller type. Velocity field values were determined using computer simulation and experimental particle image velocimetry method. The basis for the assessment of the intensity degree and efficiency of mixing was the analysis of velocity vectors distribution and power number. An experimental and numerical study was carried out for various stirred process parameters to determine optimal conditions for the mixing process.
Computational performance analysis of an airborne rotor-type electricity generator wind turbine
Authors: Günes Doğan , Kükrer Ergin , Aydoğdu Tolga
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an analysis of the possible performance of a proposed airborne rotor type electricity generator wind turbine design. The innovative design proposal by inventor is based on the rotation of the airborne structure with blades attached to the airborne zeppelin and thus it is called an airborne rotor generator. In this paper computational fluid dynamics analysis of a model close to the proposed design is carried out and the results are presented. The proposed design examples are set to produce 10-100KW. The electrical energy generated through two symmetrically placed alternators at both ends of the zeppelin is transferred to the ground-based system through the tethered cords used to also stabilize the system. Thus, an airborne rotor generator is formed.
Simulation and modeling of the influence of temperature on CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell
Authors: Mekky Abdel-baset H.
Published: November 2019

Semiconductor materials cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) are employed in the fabrication of thin film solar cells of relatively excessive power conversion efficiency and low producing price. Simulations of thin film CdS/CdTe solar cell were carried out using SCAPS-1D. The influence of temperature field on the variation of CdTe solar cell parameters such as current–voltage, capacitance–voltage characteristics and the external quantum efficiency was investigated theoretically. For use temperatures, one obtains the external quantum efficiency has the same profiles. However, the effect of the temperature on the Mott-Schottky curves is slightly noted by variations on the characteristics. This conclusion can be used by solar cell manufacturers to improve the solar cell parameters with the biggest possible gain in device performance.
Trends in agri-food choices for health since the 1960s: the case of fatty acids
Authors: Duru Michel
Published: November 2019

The FA composition of our diet affects human health: SFAs and n-6 PUFAs in excess are a risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, while n-3 PUFAs have a protective role. These FAs should be considered together, since an excessively high n-6:n-3 ratio is linked to a strong pro-inflammatory effect. We reconstructed the FA composition of the French diet from the 1960s to the present to identify the main reasons for decreases or increases due to agriculture, food processing or food choices. From the 1960s to the late 1990s, the diet increased in SFA and n-6 PUFA levels and likely decreased in n-3 PUFA level. Consequently, food behaviors did not follow dietary recommendations. For SFAs, this was due to the sharp increase in cheese and, to a smaller extent, palm oil consumption. For n-6 PUFAs, it was due to the sharp increase in oil consumption, especially linoleic sunflower oil. For n-3 PUFAs, this was due mainly to replacement of grass by maize and soybean meal to feed ruminants. This trend has reversed since the 2000s: the SFA level decreased due to decreased consumption of palm oil and genetic improvements in pigs and poultry, n-6 PUFA level decreased due to increased consumption of oleic instead of linoleic sunflower oil, and n-3 PUFA level increased due to increased consumption of rapeseed oil. These changes are consistent with the FA composition observed in breast milk. Despite these improvements, however, the average dietary composition remains far from the recommendations, especially for n-3 PUFAs. We show the potential for improvement by supplementing animal feed with flaxseed and increasing consumption of oleic sunflower and rapeseed oils, at the expense of that of other oils.
Eine Betätigungsperspektive entwickeln – Ambulante Psychiatrie
Authors: Schiewack Michael
Published: November 2019

Bedeutungsvolle Tätigkeiten für psychisch erkrankte Klienten zu identifizieren ist keine Herausforderung. Diese allerdings in einer Praxis realitätsnah umzusetzen schon. Michael Schiewack ist mit seinem Team einen kreativen Weg gegangen.
Development of a Plasma-Based Assay to Measure the Susceptibility of Factor V to Inhibition by the C-Terminus of TFPIα
Authors: van Doorn Peter , Rosing Jan , Campello Elena , Middeldorp Saskia , Simioni Paolo , Meijers Joost C. M. , Hackeng Tilman M. , Castoldi Elisabetta
Published: November 2019

Background Factor V (FV) is proteolytically activated to FVa, which assembles with FXa in the prothrombinase complex. The C-terminus of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-α (TFPIα) inhibits both the activation and the prothrombinase activity of FV(a), but the pathophysiological relevance of this anticoagulant mechanism is unknown. FV Leiden (FVL) is less susceptible to inhibition by TFPIα, while overexpression of FV splicing variants with increased affinity for TFPIα (FV-short) causes bleeding.

Objective This study aims to develop a plasma-based assay that quantifies the susceptibility of FV(a) to inhibition by the TFPIα C-terminus.

Materials and Methods FV in highly diluted plasma was preactivated with FXa in the absence or presence of the TFPIα C-terminal peptide. After adding prothrombin, thrombin formation was monitored continuously with a chromogenic substrate and prothrombinase rates were obtained from parabolic fits of the absorbance tracings. TFPI resistance was expressed as the ratio of the prothrombinase rates with and without peptide (TFPIr).

Results The TFPIr (0.25–0.34 in 45 healthy volunteers) was independent of FV levels. The TFPIr increased from normal individuals (0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–0.31) to FVL heterozygotes (0.35, 95% CI 0.34–0.37) and homozygotes (0.39, 95% CI 0.37–0.40), confirming TFPI resistance of FVL. Two individuals overexpressing FV-shortAmsterdam had markedly lower TFPIr (0.16, 0.18) than a normal relative (0.29), in line with the high affinity of FV-short for TFPIα.

Conclusion We have developed and validated an assay that measures the susceptibility of plasma FV to the TFPIα C-terminus. Once automated, this assay may be used to test whether the TFPIr correlates with thrombosis or bleeding risk in population studies.
Bubble deformation in the repetitive pulsed glycerin pulse forming line and its relation with the liquid breakdown
Authors: Yang Xiao , Yang Jian-Hua , Cheng Xin-Bing , Geng Jiu-Yuan , Qian Bao-Liang
Published: November 2019

Glycerin is a promising liquid dielectric for pulsed power systems because of its high storage energy density and high resistivity. In order to further improve the energy storage density of glycerin, its breakdown characteristics should be investigated. In this paper, experiments are carried out to study the decline of the breakdown voltage of glycerin in a repetitive pulsed pulse forming line (PFL) in both the single pulse mode and the repetitive pulsed mode. It is shown that the breakdown voltage of the glycerin PFL is reduced by about 35% after 100 pulses in 10 s. The bubbles in glycerin are suspected to be an important factor affecting the breakdown characteristics. By using a high-speed camera, the deformation of bubbles (especially the height) is observed in the experiments and the deformation of bubbles is cumulative after multiple pulses. Experiments confirm that the bubbles’ height is influenced by factors including the electric field, pressure, and temperature. These experimental results demonstrate an important process of the liquid breakdown in the repetitive pulsed mode, which will be helpful to improve the breakdown characteristics of liquid dielectrics.
How socio‐demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with total and domain‐specific sedentary behaviour in youth? The UP&DOWN study
Authors: Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Izquierdo‐Gómez Rocío , Padilla‐Moledo Carmen , Castro‐Piñero José , Veiga Óscar L.
Published: November 2019

Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the associations between the socio‐demographic and familiar circumstances with: (i) the total leisure‐time sedentary behavior (SB) assessed by accelerometry, and (ii) the domain‐specific leisure‐time SB (i.e., screen‐based, educational‐based, social‐based, and other‐based SB), in a sample of Spanish youth. Method: The sample consisted of 1,543 youth (12.02 ± 2.51 years) included in the UP&DOWN study. SB was evaluated by accelerometry and questionnaire. Nationality, location of school, type of school, socio‐economic status, parental educational level, parental occupation status, family structure, number of siblings and position among siblings were self‐reported by participants or their parents. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results: Several associations were found; however, socio‐demographic and family circumstances differently associated with SB according to the domain‐specific SB, the sex and the type of day. For example, participants with a father holding a high‐skilled occupation spent lower time in screen‐based SB during weekdays; and mother occupation status of high qualification was related to higher educational‐based SB in boys. Having three or more sibling was associated with lower total SB in boys, while having an obese mother was related to higher screen‐based SB on weekends both in boys and girls. Conclusions: Socio‐demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with SB in young people, so future interventions should consider multiple and sex‐specific factors for reduce SB of young people, focusing especially on youth with a low number of siblings and with parents holding low‐skilled employments.
Transient Photoconductivity in LaRhO3 Thin Film*
Authors: Meng Zhi , Shen Lei , Ma Zongwei , Aslam Muhammad Adnan , Xu Liqiang , Xu Xueli , Zhu Wang , Cheng Long , Bian Yuecheng , Pi Li , Zhou Chun , Sheng Zhigao
Published: November 2019

High-quality epitaxial LaRhO3 (LRO) thin films on SrTiO3 (110) single-crystalline substrates are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and their photoconductivity properties are studied. The transient photoconductivity (TPC) effect is found in this semiconductor LRO film at room temperature. The magnitude of TPC increases almost linearly with the laser power intensities and the photon energies in visible light range. Moreover, the difference in the TPC results under two airflow conditions confirms that both intrinsic photoinduced carrier accumulation and extrinsic photoinduced heating effects contribute to the magnitude of TPC effect.
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of

α

-RuCl3: a progress report
Authors: Lebert Blair W , Kim Subin , Bisogni Valentina , Jarrige Ignace , Barbour Andi M , Kim Young-June
Published: November 2019

Ru M3-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements of

with 27 meV resolution reveals a spin–orbit exciton without noticeable splitting. We extract values for the spin–orbit coupling constant (

meV) and trigonal distortion field energy (

meV) which support the

nature of

. We demonstrate the feasibility of M-edge RIXS for 4d systems, which allows ultra high-resolution RIXS of 4d systems until instrumentation for L-edge RIXS improves.
Simulation of a Vacuum Evaporator for Propolis Production
Authors: Muharam Y , Sahlan M , Tiarrahman  , Aletheia S P
Published: November 2019

Propolis is a matter produced by honey bees. Propolis production is carried out through extraction with ethanol and dilution with water. In order to increase the propolis purity, ethanol and water need to be removed in the final product by vacuum evaporation. The evaporation process that has been utilized so far has not been able to regenerate ethanol properly and the propolis production capacity is yet in small amounts, so an optimization of evaporation process needs to be performed to increase the propolis production. The purpose of this study is to obtain an optimum condition of a vacuum extraction for propolis production. The method used is the numerical simulation of the extraction process that has been modeled mathematically. The model consists of mass balance, energy balance and momentum balance. The simulation results for the evaporator of 0.35 m in diameter and 0.18 m in fluid height show that the optimum condition is at 343 K and 5×10−3 atm with the evaporation time being about 13 hours.
The study explores the effect of onion (allium cepa l.) drying using hot air dehumidified by activated carbon, silica gel and zeolite
Authors: Djaeni M , Perdanianti A M
Published: November 2019

Dehumidified air can be used to reduce the drying time. A batch-type tray dryer with hot air dehumidified by three different desiccants (i.e. activated carbon, silica gel and zeolite) were carried out to determine the optimum drying time. This study concerns the comparison of the between those desiccants. One mm sliced onion were dried at controlled temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C). The weight of the samples were measured every 10 minutes for two hours. Results indicate that hot air dehumidified by zeolite gives the shortest drying time compared to the activated carbon and silica gel. Page and modified Page models are the most suitable model to experiment with the value of R2
(0.8971 – 0.9588). The highest k value (0.6132934) is achieved through the treatment at temperature 70°C using zeolite.
Low Temperature Enzymatic Hydrolysis (LTEH) and Fermentation for Bioethanol Generation from Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus B) Starch
Authors: Hargono H , Jos B , Kumoro AC , Haryani K
Published: November 2019

The ethanol generation through low temperature enzymatic hydrolysis (LTEH) of Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus B) starch followed by anaerobic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas been studied. Granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) as Stargen TM 002 was used in the hydrolysis to degrade starch into reducing sugar at 30°C and pH 4. The concentration of Suweg starch was 200 g/L, concentration of enzyme were 1; 1.5 and 2% (w/w), respectively. The fermentation was carried out at pH 4.5 and 30 °C for 72 h employing yeast concentration of 1gL−1. The ideal state of the procedure was fermentation utilizing concentration of Suweg starch 200 g L−1, concentration enzyme 1.5% (w/w), pH 4.5 and 30°C, for 60 h, which came about reducing sugar grouping of 31.32 g/L and further used for ethanol generation. It was discovered that most extreme ethanol fixation and profitability 13.12 g L−1 and 0.3727 gL−1h−1, separately. Although the result shows that Suweg starch is a potential raw material for ethanol generation, further investigations are required in both generation sustainability and techno-economical considerations.
Production of Fish Feed from Soy Residue and Shrimp Waste using Tapioca as Binding Agent
Authors: Sumardiono S , Siqhny Z D
Published: November 2019

The most used fish feed in cultivation activities is commercial feed that spends most of total cultivation cost. One of the effort to solve this problem is providing homemade fish food. The pellet based on local waste raw materials can reduce dependency of commercial fish feed. One of the local wastes that can be used is soy residue and shrimp waste. Tapioca is used as a binding agent for fish pellet. The aim of the research was to study the effect of raw material composition and binding agent concentration on proximate value, performance and mechanical strength. The research was conducted in several steps such as raw materials pretreatment, the experiment of raw materials and binding agent formulation, mixing, extrusion, prilling process, drying process, and product analysis (proximate and performance analysis). There are five formulations of raw materials and three different of formulation on binding agents. The drying process was done in 50°C and the product was then analyzed. The result shows that formulation with 30% soy residue, 60% shrimp waste and 10% binding agent resulted in a product with good proximate value (11.23% moisture content, 17.64% ash, 1.33% fat, 25.10% fiber, 29.54% protein). Increasing the percentage of binding agents resulted in higher mechanical strength and higher performance.
Condensate water as a compressor discharge cooler to generate subcooling on the residential air conditioning using R32 as refrigerant
Authors: Sumeru K , Margana AS , Hidayat S
Published: November 2019

In residential sector, air conditioning (A/C) system contributes the largest power consumption. As a result, several methods have been developed to improve the system performance. Subcooling is a method to improve the performance of A/C by increasing the cooling capacity. Because R32 has much lower global warming potential (GWP) than that of R22 and R410A, this refrigerant is projected as a substitute of R22 and R410A. This study investigates the performance improvement of residential (A/C) using condensate water as a compressor discharge cooler to generate subcooling. In present study, the experiment was carried out on a split-type A/C using R32 as working fluid. During the experiment, the indoor and outdoor temperatures were controlled at 20°C and 33°C, respectively. The experimental results showed that the average decrease in refrigerant temperature at the condenser outlet was 4.5°C. The decrease in temperature at the condenser outlet indicated that the subcooling occurred on the system. The subcooling on the condenser outlet resulted in increase in cooling capacity by 12.1%. In addition, the use of condensate water as a compressor discharge cooler increased the COP by 21.7%.
Thermal Characteristics of Geopolymer from Co-combustion Residuals of Bamboo and Kaolin
Authors: Purbasari A , Samadhi T W , Bindar Y , Wulandari W
Published: November 2019

Geopolymer, inorganic polymer with Si-O-Al bonds, can be utilized as Portland cement substitute. Resistance to fire or high temperature is one of the characteristics that should be possessed by building materials. In this paper, the behaviour of geopolymer from co-combustion residuals of bamboo and kaolin when exposed to high temperature was studied from thermogravimetric, derivative thermogravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The result showed that geopolymer from co-combustion residuals of bamboo and kaolin underwent dehydration, densification by viscous sintering, and further densification processes with mass loss of 19.5 % after exposure to temperature of 1000 °C.
The Isotherm Studies Of Adsorbent Development From Pulogadung Primary Sewage Sludge (PS) With Rice Straw Addition By Hydrothermal
Authors: Huseini M R , Fitriyano G
Published: November 2019

The rapidly amount of primary sludge (PS) by pass production from wastewater treatment plant becomes problematic worldwide due to the release of some toxic substances from PS if directly dispose to the landfill. Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) has been reported to be able to immobilize heavy metals and generated bio-char, and silicate-based minerals for the potential development of adsorbent.This study investigated the feasibility of adsorbent development from HTT sludge and also addition of rice straw then tested the performance of the developed adsorbent for ammonia removal from synthetic ammonia wastewater. Rice straw (RS) addition can enhance ammonia adsorption capacity of all the developed adsorbents (HTT150+RS; HTT175+RS; HTT200+RS). The maximum ammonia adsorption capacity for developed adsorbents (HTT150+RS; HTT175+RS; HTT200+RS) were approximately 37-40 mg-N/g-SS, about 70-80 % of ammonia adsorption capacity of zeolite used in this work. The Hydrothermal of PS + RS indicates is a potential bio-sorbent.
Application of jasmonic acid: Effects on growth and phenolic constituents’ production of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKM-2)
Authors: Aishah M A Siti , Huda A H Noor , Nadirah C M C N A , Jalifah L
Published: November 2019

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely reported to have key role related to plant growth and metabolite production. However, studies on the impact of PGRs especially jasmonic acid (JA) on phenolic constituents in Roselle has not been reported yet in any previous studies. The present study investigates the effect on plant growth and phenolic constituents’ production in response to JA application with different concentrations of H. sabdariffa var. UKMR-2. JA solution was applied at 65 days after transplanting (DAT) according to their treatment designated; 0.5 mM (JA1), 1 mM (JA2) and Control (untreated). The growth performance was recorded and the assessments of phenolic constituents in the calyx water extract followed Folin-Ciocalteu assay, pH differential method and DPPH assay. The results showed that application of JA has significant influences on phenolic constituent production and antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). Between JA concentrations, increasing the JA concentration from 0.5 to 1 mM resulted in a decreasing value of total phenolics and total anthocyanins content. However, plant growth parameters showed that there is no significant effect with JA treatments (p > 0.05). Therefore, the result suggested that exposure to JA decreased the UKMR-2 plant growth and calyx yields, phenolic constituents’ content and antioxidant activity compared to Control with the sequence: Control > JA1 > JA2.
Appropriate Diet and Stocking Density for Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) Larvae Rearing
Authors: Abidin N A , Shaleh S R Muhamad , Ching F F , Othman R , Manjaji-Matsumoto M , Mustafa S , Senoo S
Published: November 2019

Overexploitation of sea cucumbers especially Holothurians is not a new issue, as this species has been highly demanded and traded at high price in Asian dried seafood market. As the wild seed supply has shown a substantial decline, hatchery production is urgently needed to supply the aquaculture industry. However, many are still struggling with the larviculture of Holothuria scabra. In this study, suitable diet (Nannochloropsis sp., Chaetoceros calcitrans and combined diet) and stocking density (1, 1.5 and 2 larvae ml−1) for H. scabra larvae are tested in a factorial experiment. The experiment was carried out in plastic containers randomly arranged in a water bath at temperature 29-30°C. Result shows that, there was a strong interaction between diets and stocking density on the growth of the larvae (p=0.000). Single species of Nannochloropsis sp. at 1.5 larvae ml−1 demonstrated the highest growth (109.69± 8.21). On the other hand, single species of C. calcitrans also at 1.5 larvae ml−1 enhanced the metamorphosis of auricularia into doliolaria stage. However, the survival rate was not significantly affected by the diets and stocking density (p= 0.974) although single species of Nannochloropsis sp. at 2 larvae ml−1 has the highest survival (1.2±1.05). For a stocking density of 1.5 larvae ml−1, it is recommended to feed the larvae with Nannochloropsis sp. and C. calcitrans for higher growth and faster metamorphosis, respectively.
Isolation, characterisation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriocins-producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented products of Northern Borneo for their beneficial roles in food industry
Authors: Jawan R , Kasimin ME , Jalal SN , Mohd. Faik AA , Abbasiliasi S , Ariff A
Published: November 2019

In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional fermented foods namely coco bean, fermented cabbage, salted vegetable, tempeh, tempoyak, tapai ubi and tapai nasi were screened for production of bacteriocin. Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of them were carried out to assess their potential use in food industry. Towards these objectives, the inhibitory spectra of the isolates against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC13932, resistance to phenol, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, ability to produce acid and coagulate milk, antibiotic susceptibility and tolerance in the presence of various concentration of NaCl and at different temperatures were evaluated. Two out of 15 LAB strains were able to inhibit the growth of food-borne pathogen, L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. The strains were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici TN1 (from tapai nasi) and Lactobacillus farciminis TY1 (from tempoyak). Biochemical and physiological tests demonstrated that, both strains were able to grow at wide range of NaCl concentrations (0.5 - 5.0 %, w/v) and temperatures (28 - 70 °C), and capable to degrade protein. They lowered the pH level and coagulate milk after 24 h of incubation. Both strains showed intrinsic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance towards streptomycin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, amikacin and nalidixic acid. They also were able to grow in 0.3% (w/v) of bile salts and tolerate up to 0.5% (w/v) phenol. The findings from this study revealed the presence of LAB strains in fermented foods of Northern Borneo which have an antimicrobial activity towards the food-borne pathogen. Even though this study had generated extensive information to validate Pediococcus acidilactici TN1 and Lactobacillus farciminis TY1 as potential probiotic strains for application in the food industry, the study is by no means comprehensive nor complete. More laboratory, particularly in vivo studies, are needed before this product could be accepted by the food industry and most importantly to explore its novel health promoting functions as well as its colonization behaviour in the gut.
Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Shampoo Containing Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Oil and Virgin Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil
Authors: Kinjuit Henzilenah , Surugau Noumie
Published: November 2019

Tea Tree oil (TTO) contains beneficial properties such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-fungal. Whereas, the medium chain fatty acids in Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) able to protect hair follicles from heat, restoring hair’s moisture and other damage. This paper describes the physical properties of seven hair shampoo formulations containing differing amount of TTO and VCO. The essential oils (TTO) applied in these formulations were extracted from fresh tea trees using steam distillation method and the VCO was produced from fermentation of fresh mature kernel coconut. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was conducted to determine the essential oil components of TTO and fatty acid composition of VCO. The shampoo formulations were subjected to evaluation of several parameters namely organoleptic, pH, viscosity, total solid content, foam stability, and dirt dispersion. The results show that the TTO was composed of terpene hydrocarbons with terpinene-4-ol as the major component; meanwhile lauric acid is major component of VCO. All the shampoo formulations were acid-balanced with pH range between 6.23 – 6.43; total solid contents were between 29.92 – 35.61%; stable foaming with the same foam volume for 4 minutes and no dirt was observed. Rheological test showed formulation with 6% TTO (0% VCO) has pseudo-plastic behavior and relatively lower total solid content which are desirable attributes in hair shampoo. Overall, TTO- and VCO-containing shampoo formulations showed ideal physicochemical properties for hair cleansing and treatments.
Characterization of a Putative Antimicrobial Peptide from an Antarctic Bacterium
Authors: Salister S , Yusof N A , Ling C M W V
Published: November 2019

The search for new antibiotics is a continuous effort since its discovery. Nevertheless, the speed of discovering novels antibiotics cannot match the speed of bacteria acquiring antibiotics resistant. Hence, the search efforts have broadened to include all compounds with antimicrobial activities. The toxin-antitoxin (TA) gene products are the potential antimicrobial compounds worth analyzing. The TA system consists of a set gene found either in the chromosome or plasmid, or both. At the moment, the toxin, a peptide from this system is known to kill some hosts that either encountered stress or have lost the plasmid carrying the TA genes. In a previous study, it was found that an Antarctic bacterium, Cryobacterium sp. SO1 chromosome harbored a putative antimicrobial peptide-coding gene similar to a class II TA, pemK gene. However, it is not clear whether this antimicrobial peptide has cross-species antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this work aims to determine whether this PemK protein has antimicrobial properties or not. The pemKcryobacSo1
gene was ligated to an arabinose-inducible promoter of the Topo pBAD plasmid and used to transform the Escherichia coli TOP10. The cloning of pemK inhibited the growth of the host E. coli TOP10 as the cells failed to grow. This indicated that PemK probably has a cross-species activity inhibited the growth of E. coli apart from its original host Cryobacterium sp. SO1.
In Vitro Digestibility and Thermal Properties of Native and Modified Sago (Metroxylon Sagu) Starch
Authors: Ng J Q , Mamat H , Siew C K , Matanjun P , Lee Jau-Shya
Published: November 2019

In recent years, there is growing interest in the nutritional implications of resistant starch in foods due to its functional properties and health benefits. This has resulted to the development of various modification techniques to induce the formation of resistant starch. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of different modifications on digestibility and thermal properties of sago starch. Sago starch was treated with hydrothermal treatment [heat moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN)] as well as combined modification of acid methanol treatment (AMT) and hydrothermal treatment (HMT and ANN), respectively. Combined modification (AMT-HMT and AMT-ANN) had more pronounced effect in increasing the resistant starch (RS) content and lowering the glycemic index (GI) of sago starch, especially in gelatinized form. Strong negative correlation was obtained between RS and GI in both raw and gelatinised starch. Combination of acid methanol treatment with annealing caused the highest increment in gelatinization temperatures of sago starch.
Can community-based forest management contribute to household income and mitigate land encroachment on Sabah forest reserve? a case study from Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve
Authors: Yahya Hardawati
Published: November 2019

Decades of forest management has shown that Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) is the key viability. In such management, the local community is involved in the planning, site-preparation, monitoring, decision-making, and benefit-sharing. Although this seems to be a practical and respectful method for forest management, some problematic issues still arise. One of the much debated subjects include the contribution of CBFM to household income and land encroachment. Hence, this study aims to provide an in-depth discussion of this matter where part of the study’s goals is to determine whether CBFM contributes to household income. In addition, the current case study also seeks to evaluate the household perception on land encroachment in Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve. A mixed methodology based on the triangulation method was employed in this research, including household surveys, face-to-face interviews, and observations of the forest and farm land. The respondents were a random selection of 174 households. Overall, the findings demonstrated that households in Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve have benefited from CBFM through labour wage and the sale of non-wood forest products. It was also discovered that perceptions on land encroachment differ according to the household’s interest and need of the land. Based on the thorough analysis of the data, the local community generally has generally gained considerable benefits from CBFM. Nonetheless, other land issues on land should be acknowledged in future studies to optimise CBFM.
Analysis of Heart Rate and Body Temperature from the Wireless Monitoring System Using Arduino
Authors: Yassin F M , Sani N A , Chin S N
Published: November 2019

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ward situation tend to be very intense since the patients who are placed in the wards are usually critical condition patients. These patients need an intensive care by the nurses and physician since their condition are not very stable. Therefore, the nurses and physicians need to monitor them very frequent. So, the idea of this monitoring system is mainly to ease the nurses work by reducing monitoring frequency. This monitoring system also purposely built to make them alert about their patient thus, can minimize the risk of patients who are monitored. This monitoring system is using the microcontroller (Arduino Uno) which is connected to the laptop via Bluetooth to transfer the data of heart rate and body temperature of the respondent. This data was sense through Heart-Rate Grove sensor and LM35 temperature sensor. The data were processed and displayed on the laptop for every minute continuously. Different colour of LED was used as an indicator to notify the condition of the respondent’s pulse or body temperature either it was in high or low condition as a warning. For young adult with fever respondent, it shows the result of 81 bpm of heart rate and 37.63°C of body temperature with 3.83% and 0.65% of the Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) respectively. This monitoring system has successfully built and able to display the data of the heart rate and body temperature of the respondent for every minute and able to facilitate autonomous monitoring tasks in the future.
The Piecewise Collocation Solution Of Second Kind Fredholm Integral Equations By Using Quarter-Sweep Iteration
Authors: Mohamad N. S. , Sulaiman J.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a piecewise collocation discretization scheme based on the piecewise constant approximation with the concept of quarter-sweep Jacobi (QSJ) iteration is discussed in solving the linear Fredholm integral equations of second kind. By considering the piecewise approximation equations, the generated linear system has been constructed with its large scale coefficient matrix. The purpose of this quarter-sweep iteration concept is to reduce the computational complexity of the linear system. For the purpose of comparison, the formulation and implementation of full-sweep Jacobi (FSJ), half-sweep Jacobi (HSJ) and QSJ iterative methods are also included. The results of these three proposed methods showed that the QSJ method is better than others Jacobi iteration family.
Exploring an In-house Online Reputation Monitoring Implementation
Authors: Mohd Ilias M S , Najwa Hayaati M A , Azni Haslizan A H
Published: November 2019

Today, our online reputation can be developed through subjective opinions communication by netizen on social media. Online reputation especially for business entities can affect in many aspects such as sales and customer loyalty. Due to high amount of social data (e.g. comments), the manual approach in monitoring subjective opinions towards our brands, products or name is no longer relevant. Therefore, entities either organizations or individuals should monitor their online reputation using social media analytics tools such as sentiment analysis to mitigate reputation attack. However, Online Reputation Monitoring (ORMo) is yet a common practice where most practitioners are large corporations. Outsourcing is a good option but entities must allocate some costs which a burden for most small and medium entities. Thus, implementing social media analytics in-house ORMo by entities is a reasonable option. However, the guideline to implement in-house ORMo is still not well explored including what are the needed features in an ORMo tool. Therefore, this research attempts to explore on how to implement an in-house ORMo at affordable cost but reliable. In achieving the objective, this research involved four stages of investigations which are needs assessment of ORMo tool features, prototype development, simulation and expert survey for validation. This research found that in-house ORMo can be implemented at minimal cost using existing resources and the accuracy can be improved by updating the collection of words with its sentiment polarity. The results of this research can be the basis for an in-house ORMo tool implementation and for reviewing the existing ORMo tool.
Augmented Reality Mobile Application: A Feasibility Study in a Local National Museum
Authors: Chan B Y , Ismail Z I B A , Jack L P , Asli M F
Published: November 2019

In an age of thriving science and technology, the use of advanced technologies in the museum exhibition of museums in Malaysia is still limited, especially in the context of Augmented Reality (AR). Most of the exhibitions in Malaysia’s national museum are still using the passive and conventional information display methods. Hence, this study is intending to promote the usage of AR technology in the national museum exhibition by investigating the feasibility of AR mobile application usage in a local museum. A qualitative approach was used in this study including the interview with domain experts and template analysis. From the template analysis in this study, it shows positive feedback from the respondents. Positive results were shown where AR is considered as an innovative way to preserve and conserve history, enable to the capability to enhance the visitor experience, attract more potential visitors and elevate visitors learning level.
Video Authentication using Shot Boundary Detection Technique-An Overview
Authors: Ali Noraida Haji , Harun Fadilah
Published: November 2019

Video is the most challenging and has lots of issues than other type of multimedia data and video authentication is one of the popular issues regarding the video. Technologies of communication nowadays can simplify sharing of multimedia data such as text, images and videos through online or offline and a wide spread of video content its significant to assure the integrity and originality of video information. Recently, a lot of cases have been stated regarding an illegal activity in the video. Such as, video editing or video tampering attacks to ruin the authenticity of the video. With only minor alterations could change the meaning of the video. Video authentication detection is a popular issue and of high importance in various fields such as in forensic investigations, court of law and video surveillance. A lot of techniques are proposed by previous study to assure the originality of video in their own way. In this study, it focuses to detect tampering attacks and alterations in video using shot boundary detection techniques. Shot boundary detection is a very challenging task and it’s commonly used for structured video because these techniques can detect the changes made with normal shot change rate. Meanwhile, this research will emerge to produce new model for video structure detection using shot boundary detection with the histograms feature that is significant to design of powerful tools to detect an originality of video and to locate the tampering attacks in video.
Household income prediction model due to fuel price fluctuation: A review
Authors: Rahim Norhana Abd. , Yusoff Yumn Suhaylah
Published: November 2019

The world crude oil price has experienced the most volatile period in the beginning of 2007. The increasing trend has led to a significant impact on many economic sectors around the world. Moreover, individual also affected by the increasing in fuel price and deregulation of fuel subsidy around the world. As consequences, their income became insufficient to cover their monthly expenditure. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the impacts of the fuel price on the economic sectors and individual. Several economic sectors found to be significantly affected namely transportation, manufacturing, agricultural, production and construction. This study also found that the household income significantly affected by the fuel price fluctuation. Hence, this paper reviews several prediction models to predict fuel price and household income. The regression and simulation models are found to be efficient in predicting the fuel price and household income. The review indicates that these models could be used to help individual, especially Malaysian in managing their income in the spike in fuel price. This study could be beneficial to all Malaysian which helps in managing their income and expenditure for better quality of life among Malaysian.
Biodiversity constraint indicator establishment and its optimization for urban growth: framework and application
Authors: Sun Chuanzhun , Xu Shan , Qi Wei , Chen Cheng , Deng Yu , Pei Nancai , König Hannes J
Published: November 2019

Urbanization causes tremendous pressure on biodiversity and ecosystems at the global scale. China is among the countries undergoing the fastest urban expansion. For a long time, ecological environment protection has not been a priority in China’s urban planning process. Current urban growth optimization research has some limitations regarding the selection of more scientific ecological constraint indicators and the interaction between urban expansion and ecological factors. This paper at first aimed to establish a reasonable comprehensive biodiversity constraint indicator based on the indicators of net primary productivity, habitat connectivity and habitat quality, and then conducted a case study in Beijing and compared biodiversity loss and urban growth patterns under different developing situations. The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs model and GIS-related methods were used to obtain biodiversity and ecological spatial distribution layers. Then an ecological priority-oriented urban growth simulation method was proposed to search for minimum biodiversity loss. The results showed that the important biodiversity security areas were mostly distributed in the western part of the study area and that the ecological degradation in 2000 had a radial pattern and was well in line with the urban construction and ring road distribution patterns. Meanwhile, biodiversity loss with the biodiversity constraint was much less than actual urban growth in 2000–2010. Under the guidance of ecological optimization, urban growth in the research results reflects decentralized and multi-center spatial development characteristics. This type of urban growth not only provides a new model for breaking the inertia of urban sprawl but also proposes ‘biodiversity security’ as an applicable regulatory tool for urban planning and space governance reforming.
Corrigendum: Urban Decay in Central Hill, Port Elizabeth (IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 290 012127)
Authors: Swanepoel F , Smallwood J
Published: November 2019

The text of the corrigendum is available in the PDF.

Corrigendum published: 8 November 2019