bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Анна Київська та Реймське Євангеліє
Authors: Кралюк Петро , Лавренчук Володимир , Баландін Федір
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядаються відомості, що стосуються Реймського Євангелія, яке використовувалося при коронації французьких монархів. Утверджується думка, що цю пам’ятку писемності до Франції привезла Анна Київська, дочка князя Ярослава Мудрого, що стала французькою королевою в середині ХІ ст. На користь цієї версії у статті висуваються такі аргументи: у кириличній частині Реймського Євангелія на другій сторінці згадується апостол Філіпп, якого вважали хрестителем скіфів. Анна ж дає таке ім’я своєму первістку, хоча воно в той час було нетиповим для французьких королів. Пізніше це ім’я стало для них популярним і чимало французьких королів іменувалися Філіппами. Саму ж Анну французькі документи іменують не лише русинкою, а й скіф’янкою. У той час на Заході етноніми «русин» і «скіф» часто ототожнювалися. Анна могла розглядати апостола Філіппа як покровителя Скіфії, власне, українських земель, які в ті часи часто іменувалися Руссю. У публікації згадується, що Анна залишила власноручний підпис «Ана Регіна» під одним латиномовним документом 1063 року, що співпадає з написанням літер на сторінках Реймського Євангелія. При написанні свого імені королева Франції використовувала форму «Ана», тобто своє ім’я писала з одним «н». Саме таке написання зустрічаємо в Реймському Євангелії, хоча в той час у латинських, а також і в деяких слов’янських текстах це ім’я писалося з двома «н». У статті також розглядаються дві можливі версії походження Реймського Євангелія – чеська й київська. Доведено, що лінгвістичний аналіз цієї пам’ятки дає підстави стверджувати про її київське походження. Висловлюється гіпотеза, що Анна Київська везла Реймське Євангеліє до Франції як частину свого посагу.
Використання можливостей технології змішаного навчання на уроках предмета «Захист України»
Authors: Корицька Галина , Корицький Віктор
Published: July 2021

У статті проаналізовані загальні можливості використання технології змішаного навчання на уроках предмета «Захист України» в умовах пандемії. У контексті означеної проблеми змішане навчання визначено як невідворотний процес у шкільній освіті в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій. Схарактеризовано протиріччя й переваги цієї форми навчання щодо створення освітніх середовищ, які забезпечують викладання предмета на інноваційних засадах й орієнтовані на освітній продукт і кінцевий результат. Окреслено процес застосовування таких видів діяльності здобувачами освіти, які будуть спроможними реалізовувати завдання, визначені Державним стандартом, Концепцією національно-патріотичного виховання дітей і молоді. Підкреслюється, що викладання предмета на засадах змішаного навчання забезпечуватиме спрямованість освітнього процесу на взаємодію й ефективний розвиток особистості, партнерство й рівність у спілкуванні, формуватиме здібності як до колективної діяльності, так і до самоосвіти, сприятиме підвищенню пізнавального інтересу до предмета і створенню ситуації успіху.
Колективна робота учнів закладів загальної середньої освіти із застосуванням віртуальної дошки в умовах дистанційного навчання
Authors: Тимчина Ніна , Тимчина Віталія , Крутова Наталія
Published: July 2021

У статті окреслено питання використання сучасних цифрових інструментів для колективної роботи в умовах  дистанційного навчання. Розглянуто засадничі положення досліджуваної проблеми у поглядах вітчизняних та закордонних науковців на основі аналізу психолого-педагогічної та методичної літератури щодо здійснення спільної роботи в освітньому процесі засобами онлайн-інструментів. З’ясовано сутність понять «колективна робота», «дистанційне навчання». Зроблено акцент на доцільності використання онлайн-дошки як інструменту для здійснення дистанційного навчання та модернізації освітнього процесу. Проаналізовано можливості віртуальної дошки Bitpaper. Наведено алгоритм створення дошки та визначено умови роботи за різними тарифними планами. Ознайомлено з інструментарієм онлайн-середовища та здійснено аналіз функціонального призначення окремих інструментів, можливості налаштувань дизайну «полотна», «аркуша» дошки. Визначено переваги Bitpaper,  зокрема: підтримка кирилиці; великий вибір фігур та форм для створення малюнків; можливість працювати на  ґаджетах різних типів; писати, друкувати текстові повідомлення, працювати з формулами, зберігати створені дошки як зображення або pdf-документи. Наведено приклади дидактичних вправ для спільної роботи школярів в умовах дистанційного навчання. Узагальнено результати дослідження і оцінено ефективність їх використання в освітньому процесі. Визначено перспективи дослідження щодо використання віртуальних дошок різних типів для вивчення навчальних предметів в умовах цифровізації освіти.
Становлення дитячого будинку сімейного типу як освітнього феномену
Authors: Коваль Катерина
Published: July 2021

У статті схарактеризовано особливості становлення соціального інституту виховання дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського  піклування, – дитячого будинку сімейного типу. Досліджено історичні передумови сімейного виховання дітей без батьківської опіки. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу організації дитячого будинку сімейного типу.  Окреслено специфіку освітньо-виховної та соціалізуючої діяльності дитячого будинку сімейного типу, де поєднуються родинне оточення та педагогічні методи соціалізації. Висвітлено поетапність діяльності дитячого будинку сімейного типу: підготовчий процес батьків-вихователів, прийом дітей, період адаптації та взаємодії всіх членів родини. Підкреслено, що для коригування поведінки важливим є розуміння  психологічного розвитку вихованців. Розкрито механізми педагогічного впливу та умови становлення особистості вихованців на прикладі батьків-вихователів за умови налагодження комунікації та емоційного контакту між дітьми та батьками, залучення всіх до прийняття рішень та створення позитивного освітньо-виховного й соціалізуючого середовища.
Improving logic-based Benders’ algorithms for solving min-max regret problems
Authors: Assunção Lucas , Santos Andréa Cynthia , Noronha Thiago F. , Andrade Rafael
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses a class of problems under interval data uncertainty, composed of min-max regret generalisations of classical 0-1 optimisation problems with interval costs. These problems are called robust-hard when their classical counterparts are already NP-hard. The state-of-the-art exact algorithms for interval 0-1 min-max regret problems in general work by solving a corresponding mixed integer linear programming formulation in a Benders’ decomposition fashion. Each of the possibly exponentially many Benders’ cuts is separated on the fly through the resolution of an instance of the classical 0-1 optimisation problem counterpart. Since these separation subproblems may be NP-hard, not all of them can be easily modelled by means of Linear Programming (LP), unless P = NP. In this work, we formally describe these algorithms through a logic-based Benders’ decomposition framework and assess the impact of three warm-start procedures. These procedures work by providing promising initial cuts and primal bounds through the resolution of a linearly relaxed model and an LP-based heuristic. Extensive computational experiments in solving two challenging robust-hard problems indicate that these procedures can highly improve the quality of the bounds obtained by the Benders’ framework within a limited execution time. Moreover, the simplicity and effectiveness of these speed-up procedures makes them an easily reproducible option when dealing with interval 0-1 min-max regret problems in general, especially the more challenging subclass of robust-hard problems
Female Social Empowerment and the Psychological Expression of Endocrinological Issues during Menopause
Authors: Sofra Xanya
Published: July 2021

We conducted two clinical studies: Study 1 compared high functioning narcissistic men and women against low functioning narcissistic and non-narcissistic patients as well as non-narcissistic successful individuals with prestigious careers. Results established the interconnection between narcissism, masochism, and sadism. Narcissistic women exhibited more masochistic traits, while narcissistic men were distinguished by their sadistic features. Both narcissistic males and females manifested higher sadistic tendencies than all other groups; they also exhibited histrionic and depressive trends. Since the masochistic and sadistic extremities are the opposite ends of the same dimension, an individual can internally oscillate from one pole to the other, without ever escaping the confinement of this vicious circle.

Study 2 analyzed the testing records and psychotherapy notes of 14 postmenopausal women, using the FSFI, DES, and MMPI-2. Results unveiled a high correlation between reported female satisfaction with vaginal rejuvenation procedures, and the MMPI-2 Lie, Depression, and Hysteria scales, revealing a tendency to withhold or mask the truth, sustained by an emotional organization that revolves around shame and sadness.

Based on the statistically significant results of the two studies we discuss a number of issues related to overall social development and healthy interpersonal relationships: The current social arrangements of several societies where women must obey and serve men, contaminates social progress by nurturing underdeveloped, deprived females whose secret accumulated rage can be either expressed in silent dullness or indifference, passive defiance leading to inactivity or inertia, or overt rebellion leading to the breakdown of the family constellation, something seen by the increasing divorce rate in several countries.
ARTIGO EDITORIAL
Authors: Mafra Paulo , Moreno Márcia
Published: July 2021

Artigo Editorial sobre edição especial intitulada de  "COMPETÊNCIAS PARA ATUAR SUSTENTAVELMENTE A FAVOR DO MEIO AMBIENTE".
IMPORTÂNCIA DO PATRIMÓNIO GEOLÓGICO: Parque Nacional Nino Konis Santana em Timor-Leste
Authors: Dos Santos Robélia Costa
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como proposta trazer uma reflexão teórica sobre a importância do Património geológico, ressaltando a importância da preservação da memória e identidade histórica da Nino Konis Santana. A partir dessas reflexões, o objetivo é para analisar a importância do Património Geológico com enfoque no área do Parque Nacional Nino Konis Santana em Timor-Leste.  Identificar os impactos e causados nas edificações nesse parque no período de ocupação indonésia entre 1975 e 2000 não trouxe grandes desenvolvimentos no conhecimento da geologia do território onshore, desenvolvendo-se sobretudo os estudos no offshore de recursos energéticos, nomeadamente com a descoberta de campos de petróleo e gás no Mar de Timor na costa Sul do território, entender os danos ocasionados na memória através das adaptações sofridas nas edificações ao longo desse período acompanhado pelo progresso econômico, crescimento gradual da cidade e a modernização para receber as novas exigências.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: Escola e Valores
Authors: Cerdeira Eva
Published: July 2021

Nas últimas décadas espalharam-se pelo mundo discussões e propostas relativas à Educação Ambiental (EA) e aos seus valores. A literatura que trata do assunto tem ressaltado a importância do trabalho com seu conteúdo valorativo, que não pode ser negligenciado. Entretanto, soma-se ao fato da EA ser um tema relativamente recente nos programas de formação docente as dificuldades do professor para trabalhar com valores. Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre essa questão, a partir de uma pesquisa  bibliográfica que foca essencialmente alunos do ensino básico (7 a 10 anos de idade), estendendo-se o estudo nalguns casos até ao 3º ciclo do ensino básico (12 a 15 anos). A conceção de EA na maioria dos casos era desconhecida dos participantes, sendo que as discussões sobre a relação da questão ambiental e o modelo capitalista e consumista de nossa sociedade causou sentimentos de desânimo e ceticismo. Questões relativas à universalidade de valores, neutralidade do professor e dimensão afetiva, mostraram-se complexas, indicando a necessidade de espaços contínuos de formação, em que se considerem tanto conhecimentos a serem construídos e aprofundados, como sentimentos que surgem neste processo.
"La promesa", de Silvina Ocampo, como escritura imposible o lo imposible como escritura
Authors: Magallanes Romina
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo aborda la novela póstuma La promesa, de Silvina Ocampo –obra aparecida en el año 2013 como parte de un conjunto de seis libros publicados hasta el momento luego de la muerte de autora, que comenzaron a editarse y publicarse desde el año 2006– a partir de la hipótesis según la cual las ideas de escritura y de lectura se proponen en el texto como formas de lo imposible y lo ilegible. Esto tiene lugar tanto en la operación editorial realizada por Ernesto Montequin –curador y editor del archivo de la escritora argentina en su totalidad y de los manuscritos póstumos en particular–, en la misma índole escrituraria de la novela –conformada en forma similar a un montaje cinematográfico–, como también en los procedimientos que realiza Ocampo consistentes en ubicar escrituras dentro de otras escrituras que predominan en la obra estudiada. Todo ello nos conduce a proponer una lectura de la novela póstuma La promesa no como una narración de recuerdos, tampoco como una novela autobiográfica sino como una invitación, a veces imperativa, a considerar otras formas de lo escrito y otras prácticas de lectura donde las nociones de novela como la de promesa cobran un lugar relevante. Para acompañar y pensar dicha hipótesis abordamos conceptos de Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, John Austin, Ernesto Montequin y aportes de la crítica especializada en la obra de Ocampo en general y especialmente en la obra póstuma.
How to measure post-error slowing: The case of pre-error speeding
Authors: Pfister Roland , Foerster Anna
Published: July 2021

Post-error slowing is one of the most widely employed measures to study cognitive and behavioral consequences of error commission. Several methods have been proposed to quantify the post-error slowing effect, and we discuss two main methods: The traditional method of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to response times of correct trials that follow another correct trial, and a more recent proposal of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to the corresponding correct pre-error trials. Based on thorough re-analyses of two datasets, we argue that the latter method provides an inflated estimate by also capturing the (partially) independent effect of pre-error speeding. We propose two solutions for improving the assessment of human error processing, both of which highlight the importance of distinguishing between initial pre-error speeding and later post-error slowing.
The Initial Period of the Investigation of the Relief and Landscape of the Oka River Valley (the 19th Century — the 1940s)
Authors: Воробьев А.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Рассматриваются изданные с середины XIX века до 1940-х годов работы, посвященные физико-географическим исследованиям в пределах долины средней Оки в Рязанской области, юго-востока Московской области и юга Владимирской области. Отмечен повышенный интерес к вопросам четвертичной геологии и распределения высот в террасовом комплексе долины. Выделены достижения в области разработки вопросов типизации археологических памятников и геоморфологического районирования. Обозначены тенденции, существовавшие в распределении акцентов в физико-географических исследованиях региона за период с середины XIX века по 40-е годы ХХ столетия. Определены главные методологические черты исследовательской работы, осуществлявшейся ведущими и региональными научными физико-географическими школами в обозначенный период и предметом которой были современное состояние долинных геокомплексов средней Оки и их облик в древности.

The article treats research works published in the period between the mid 19th century and the 1940s and devoted to the investigation of the Oka river valley in the Ryazan region, the southeast of the Moscow region and the south of the Vladimir region. The article underlines that the issues of quaternary geology and architecture of river terraces have been investigated by many researchers. The article analyzes works devoted to the classification of archeological and geomorphological structures. It investigates tendencies associated with geographic research of the region during the mid 19th century – the 1940s. It identifies major methodological characteristics of the research of the architecture of the Oka river valley performed by leading and local geographic societies.
LANDSCAPE ART AS PART OF THE GLOBAL PROCESS OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION
Authors:   Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow representative Office, Golosova E.V. , Kotova A.V. ,   Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow representative Office
Published: July 2021

In the cultural space of the current period of history, the intensification of the process of cultural transfer contributes to changing the canonical circle of national creativity, including in landscape art. It is very rare to find gardens and parks, all the elements of which, including ideology, can be attributed to the cultural traditions of certain countries or ethnic groups. Over the past two millennia, the development of trade, military expansion and the spread of religious teachings to new territories have contributed to the transformation of national cultures - both through the processes of unconscious influence and conscious borrowing. To understand these processes, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors that allow foreign cultural traditions to take root, in our case, the traditions of decorative gardening. In some cases, there were cyclical processes of exodus and return of techniques and methods of park construction to the same region. For the most part, integration processes contributed to the loss of the cultural identity of peoples, but in exceptional cases they can also be considered as a progressive phenomenon, including in social terms, when comfortable recreation places in the city became available to residents regardless of their social status. The analysis of the facts presented in the article showed a close relationship between historical events and the stages of development of decorative gardening techniques, which have been preserved in gardens for thousands of years on a par with other cultural monuments. Therefore, understanding the modern interpretation of the ideal space, which has always been understood as a garden, is important for determining the trends in the development of the landscape art as a whole.
Analysis of the Risk of Profit Loss in Papaya Farming Affected by Yellow Mosaic Disease
Authors: Novanda Ridha , Sutrawati Mimi , Ganefianti Dwi Wahyuni
Published: July 2021

Profit loss is a phenomenon caused by the loss of most of the harvest resulting in operating costs greater than the revenue earned. This phenomenon deserves to be analyzed the risk of losses that will be obtained due to pests and plant diseases. So that in this study an analysis of the risk of Profit loss due to yellow mosaic disease on papaya calina was carried out. This research was conducted in October 2020 in Bengkulu Province on 31 Calina Papaya farmers. The location selection was carried out purposively based on the existence of the Calina papaya garden. Meanwhile, the selection of respondents was carried out using the Snowball sampling method in several districts in Bengkulu Province. Data analysis was carried out to determine the Profit loss. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in the benefits of papaya calina which were attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic and those that were not attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic. Profit loss for a year is Rp 9,135,203,-. This value is a big value, so farmers must handle this disease better.
It’s not what you know, it’s who you know: diagnosing and healing your informal professional networks
Authors: Kraus Raphaël
Published: July 2021

Traditional medical training fails to address the competitive realities of the job market and the critical role of informal professional networks in career development and advancement. Moreover, the concept of informal professional networking is scarcely represented in the medical literature. Borrowing from management science, I discuss the roles of informal professional networks; strategies to establish healthy and effective networks; and important barriers encountered by networkers, namely feelings of inauthenticity and inequities resulting from gender and race.
Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the TESS Light Curve of TX Col, a Diskless Intermediate Polar on the Precipice of Forming an Accretion Disk
Authors: Littlefield Colin , Scaringi Simone , Garnavich Peter , Szkody Paula , Kennedy Mark R. , Iłkiewicz Krystian , Mason Paul A.
Published: July 2021

One of the fundamental properties of an intermediate polar is the dynamical nature of the accretion flow as it encounters the white dwarf’s (WD’s) magnetosphere. Many works have presumed a dichotomy between disk-fed accretion, in which the WD accretes from a Keplerian disk, and stream-fed accretion, in which the matter stream from the donor star directly impacts the WD’s magnetosphere without forming a disk. However, there is also a third, poorly understood regime in which the accretion flow consists of a torus of diamagnetic blobs that encircles the WD. This mode of accretion is expected to exist at mass-transfer rates below those observed during disk-fed accretion, but above those observed during pure stream-fed accretion. We invoke the diamagnetic-blob regime to explain the exceptional Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curve of the intermediate polar TX Col, which transitioned into and out of states of enhanced accretion during Cycles 1 and 3. Power-spectral analysis reveals that the accretion was principally stream fed. However, when the mass-transfer rate spiked, large-amplitude quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) abruptly appeared and dominated the light curve for weeks. The QPOs have two striking properties: they appear in a stream-fed geometry at elevated accretion rates, and they occur preferentially within a well-defined range of frequencies (∼10–25 cycle day−1). We propose that during episodes of enhanced accretion, a torus of diamagnetic blobs forms near the binary’s circularization radius and that the QPOs are beats between the white dwarf’s spin frequency and unstable blob orbits within the WD’s magnetosphere. We discuss how such a torus could be a critical step in producing an accretion disk in a formerly diskless system.
Fast Blue Optical Transients Due to Circumstellar Interaction and the Mysterious Supernova SN 2018gep
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Fuller Jim , Nomoto Ken’ichi
Published: July 2021

The discovery of SN 2018gep (ZTF 18abukavn) challenged our understanding of the late-phase evolution of massive stars and their supernovae (SNe). The fast rise in luminosity of this SN (spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined Type Ic SN) indicates that the ejecta interacts with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM), while an additional energy source such as 56Ni decay is required to explain the late-time light curve. These features hint at the explosion of a massive star with pre-SN mass loss. In this work, we examine the physical origins of rapidly evolving astrophysical transients like SN 2018gep. We investigate the wave-driven mass-loss mechanism and how it depends on model parameters such as progenitor mass and deposition energy, searching for stellar progenitor models that can reproduce the observational data. A model with an ejecta mass ∼2 M
⊙, explosion energy ∼1052 erg, a CSM of mass ∼0.3 M
⊙ and radius ∼1000 R
⊙, and a 56Ni mass ∼0.3 M
⊙ provides a good fit to the bolometric light curve. We also examine how interaction-powered light curves depend more generally on these parameters and how ejecta velocities can help break degeneracies. We find both wave-driven mass loss and mass ejection via pulsational pair instability can plausibly create the dense CSM in SN 2018gep, but we favor the latter possibility.
Measurements of 160Dy (p, γ) at Energies Relevant for the Astrophysical γ Process
Authors: Cheng Hao , Sun Bao-Hua , Zhu Li-Hua , Kusakabe Motohiko , Zheng Yun , He Liu-Chun , Kajino Toshitaka , Niu Zhong-Ming , Li Tian-Xiao , Li Cong-Bo , Wang Dong-Xi , Wang Meng , Li Guang-Shuai , Wang Kang , Song Lin , Guo Ge , Huang Zhi-Yong , Wei Xiu-Lin , Zhao Fu-WeI , Wu Xiao-Guang , Abulikemu Yimuran , Liu Jian-Cheng , Fan Ping
Published: July 2021

Rare information on photodisintegration reactions of nuclei with mass numbers A ≈ 160 at astrophysical conditions impedes our understanding of the origin of p-nuclei. Experimental determination of the key (p, γ) cross sections has been playing an important role in verifying nuclear reaction models and providing rates of relevant (γ, p) reactions in the γ process. In this paper we report the first cross-section measurements of 160Dy(p, γ)161Ho and 161Dy(p, n)161Ho in the beam energy range of 3.4–7.0 MeV, partially covering the Gamow window. Such determinations are possible by using two targets with various isotopic fractions. The cross-section data can put a strong constraint on the nuclear level densities and gamma strength functions for A ≈ 160 in the Hauser–Feshbach statistical model. Furthermore, we find the best parameters for TALYS that reproduce the available A ∼ 160 data, 160Dy(p, γ)161Ho and 162Er(p, γ)163Tm, and recommend the constrained 161Ho(γ, p)160Dy reaction rates over a wide temperature range for γ process network calculations. Although the determined 161Ho(γ, p) stellar reaction rates at the temperature of 1 to 2 GK can differ by up to one order of magnitude from the NON-SMOKER predictions, it has a minor effect on the yields of 160Dy and accordingly the p-nuclei, 156,158Dy. A sensitivity study confirms that the cross section of 160Dy(p, γ)161Ho is measured precisely enough to predict yields of p nuclei in the γ process.
An Accurate P3M Algorithm for Gravitational Lensing Studies in Simulations
Authors: Xu Kun , Jing Yipeng
Published: July 2021

We present a two-dimensional particle–particle–particle-mesh (P3M) algorithm with an optimized Green’s function and adaptive softening length for gravitational lensing studies in N-body simulations. The analytical form of the optimized Green’s function

G

ˆ

(
k
)

is given. The softening schemes (S) are studied for both the particle-mesh (PM) and the particle–particle (PP) calculations in order for accurate force calculation and suppression of the particle discreteness effect. Our method is two orders of magnitude more accurate than the simple PM algorithm with the poor man’s Green’s function (∝ 1/k
2) at a scale of a few mesh cells or smaller. The force anisotropy is also much smaller than the conventional PM calculation. We can achieve a force accuracy better than 0.1% at all scales with our algorithm, which makes it an ideal (accurate and fast) algorithm for microlensing studies. When we apply the algorithm to computing weak and strong lensing quantities in N-body simulations, the errors are dominated by the Poisson noise caused by particle discreteness. The Poisson noise can be suppressed by smoothing out the particle distribution, which can be achieved by simply choosing an adaptive softening length in the PP calculation. We have presented a criterion to set the adaptive softening length. Our algorithm is also applicable to cosmological simulations. We provide a python implementation P3Mlens for this algorithm.
Tuberculosis and associated risk factors among children and adolescent population in Serbia: 12 year’s retrospective study
Authors: Stosic Maja B , Sagic Lidija , Simic Danijela , Jovanovic Verica , Rakic Violeta , Adzic Vukicevic Tatjana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Recognition and epidemiological control of childhood and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) is essential to achieve effective control of TB in general as it presents high risk for transmission in the community. The aim of the study is to provide a descriptive and analytic overview of the trends in childhood and adolescent TB notifications and treatment outcomes and to identify factors associated with treatment success in a twelve-year period in Serbia.

Methodology: We performed a retrospective trend analysis and analysis of treatment outcomes of 596 child and adolescent TB cases notified in Serbia in the period 2005–2016 from all health facilities, as well as logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of treatment success.

Results: Factors independently associated with treatment success were: new TB (OR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.45–3.74), male sex (OR=2.55; 95% CI: 2.09–3.00), pulmonary TB (OR=3.34; 95% CI: 2.34–4.34), comorbidities (OR=2.58; 95% CI: 2.24–2.91), age below 5 years (OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.32–0.43), and social vulnerability (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.34–0.46).

Conclusions: In order to improve TB treatment outcomes among children and adolescent population in Serbia, it is important to focus on female, age group 5-18, EPTB, retreatment cases and socially vulnerable groups.
Rente et longévité de la Caisse d’émission de Djibouti. Éléments pour une économie politique du régime monétaire
Authors: Aman Moustapha , Nenovsky Nikolay
Published: July 2021

La République de Djibouti possède l’unique Caisse d’émission ( Currency Board ) existant depuis 1949 sur le continent africain. Au cours de sa longue existence, la performance et la singularité du régime n’ont jamais été remises en cause. Cet article explore l’idée que cette longévité pourrait être liée à l'exploitation d’une ressource intangible, à savoir la position géostratégique du pays. Préservant à long terme la reproduction et la distribution de la rente géostratégique, le Currency Board perpétue les flux de pouvoir et les relations économiques entre les différents acteurs au niveau national et international. Nous essayons de lier théoriquement la dynamique du régime monétaire à celle du régime politique. Classification JEL : C01, E41, E5, F32, O17
Les transferts de fonds des migrants internationaux favorisent-ils l’éducation des filles au Cameroun ?
Authors: Fambeu Ariel H.
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, nous analysons l’effet des transferts de fonds internationaux sur l’éducation des filles au Cameroun. Afin d’isoler le biais d’endogénéité, nous avons adopté l’approche des variables instrumentales sur les données micro-économiques de la troisième enquête camerounaise auprès des ménages (ECAM III). Les résultats montrent que les filles ont une plus faible probabilité de fréquenter l’école que les hommes. Cependant, les transferts de fonds internationaux favorisent la scolarisation des filles (5-25 ans). En outre, cet effet positif des transferts de fonds est plus important chez les filles du cycle universitaire (18-25 ans). Classification JEL : F22, F24, I20, J24
L’innovation frugale peut-elle être un levier de croissance économique pour les pays en développement ?
Authors: Le Bas Christian
Published: July 2021

L’économie conçoit l’innovation technologique comme le moteur de la croissance. L’abondante littérature traitant de l’innovation frugale n’aborde que marginalement la question de savoir si elle peut être un déterminant de la croissance des pays en développement et des économies africaines en particulier. Cet article traite cette question encore peu envisagée à travers trois volets : 1) le bilan que nous tirons des expériences récentes de forte croissance en Afrique ne met pas en exergue un effet de l’innovation frugale ; 2) le survol des recherches sur la relation innovation/croissance en économies africaines tend à montrer l’existence d’un entrepreneuriat innovant «  market push  » et «  low-cost  » sans disposer d’une évaluation de son impact sur la croissance ; 3) on recense et questionne la récente littérature critique sur les promesses de l’innovation frugale. Classification JEL : O13, O31, Q01
La construction d’objets dans des situations d’apprentissage – une comparaison franco-allemande au sujet de la fondation de Rome
Authors: Schelle Carla , Straub Christophe
Published: July 2021

À partir de deux heures de cours d’histoire, enregistrées respectivement en région parisienne et dans le Land allemand de Rhénanie-Palatinat, nous tenterons de montrer comment l’objet de cours « la fondation de Rome » est constitué réciproquement par les différentes interactions entre le professeur et les élèves. De plus, il s’agira de mettre en évidence si leur manière de constituer l’objet est en lien avec les discours et les prescriptions culturelles et nationales des pays desquels ces interactions proviennent. Sur la base de méthodes qualitatives telles que la Dokumentarische Methode et l’Objektive Hermeneutik , des interprétations séquentielles seront présentées, mettant en exergue l’existence d’éléments tant bien spécifiques que transnationaux dans la manière de constituer l’objet de cours. Les résultats sont encadrés par les aspects méthodologiques d’une recherche comparative.
Les revues de didactique du français : espaces et outils de réflexion, d’actualisation et de structuration d’un champ de recherche
Authors: Dias-Chiaruttini Ana , David Jacques , Halté Anne , Plane Sylvie
Published: July 2021

Reprenant les discussions qui ont animé une table ronde lors du colloque, Invention d’espaces de travail, entre chemin individuel et pistes collectives , les auteurs de cet article présentent successivement trois revues en didactique du français et retracent ainsi les spécificités de chacune mais aussi le fondement même de la discipline de recherche.
Clinical Applications of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Keratorefractive Surgery
Authors: Stewart Stephen , Liu Yu-Chi , Lin Molly Tzu-Yu , Mehta Jodhbir S.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To review the contribution of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to the understanding of corneal wound healing following refractive surgery, and its role in the diagnosis and management of complications arising from keratorefractive procedures.

METHODS:

Review of the basic science and clinical literature relating to the study of keratorefractive surgical procedures using IVCM.

RESULTS:

Extensive research using IVCM has generated a comprehensive understanding of tissue responses after corneal refractive surgery. Epithelial thickness and stromal keratocyte density can be quantified postoperatively and studied longitudinally. Corneal nerve loss and subsequent reinnervation has been characterized and differs significantly between laser refractive techniques. IVCM has also been used to study complications arising from postoperative inflammation (diffuse lamellar keratitis, central toxic keratopathy, ring keratitis, and ectasia), infection (microbial keratitis), and neuropathy (dry eye and neuralgia). This imaging technique can have a critical role in the diagnosis of these complications and subsequent monitoring of treatment response. Manual processing of IVCM images is time-consuming and there may be significant interobserver and intraobserver variability with poor repeatability. However, increasing automation and the use of artificial intelligence is improving the speed and accuracy of image analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

IVCM has historically been confined to a research setting because image capture and subsequent processing was extremely labor intensive. However, advances in both hardware and software capabilities promise to allow the use of IVCM in routine clinical practice. Real-time evaluation of the cornea at a cellular level will be particularly useful in patients with inflammatory, infectious, or neuropathic complications of keratorefractive surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(7):493–503.]
La pré- et protohistoire de l’Europe révélée par la paléogénomique
Authors: Geigl Eva-Maria
Published: July 2021

La paléogénomie permet de suivre les migrations humaines par l’analyse ADN des tissus humains ou des dents et ainsi la découverte des Dénisoviens, contemporains des Néandertaliens, métissés avec l’homo sapiens.
L’approche de l’espace par les archéologues : des pratiques en évolution.
Authors: Costa Laurent , Desachy Bruno
Published: July 2021

Du site archéologique à l'archéologie spatiale, ou la révolution technologique et numérique de l'archéo par un aperçu dynamique du renouvellement des concepts et des outils qui permettent aux archéologues contemporains de percevoir et d'analyser les espaces des sociétés anciennes dans toutes ses dimensions. Les systèmes d'information géographique (SIG) et les capteurs comme le LiDAR donnent des synthèses spatiales et des relevés de terrain qui changent nos connaissances du passé.
Les nouveaux rapports avec la nature ne doivent pas nous faire ignorer ceux du passé.
Authors: Thiébault Stéphanie
Published: July 2021

La prise de conscience de l’importance de l’environnement dans la conduite des sociétés humaines est un phénomène nouveau de ces 30 dernières années. L’intégration de toutes les dimensions des sciences environnementales dans les problématiques archéologiques est majeure. Cela met à jour la co-évolution des sociétés humaines et leur environnement pour s’adapter à de nombreux changements climatiques.
La fouille archéologique comme laboratoire et bibliothèque sans murs
Authors: SCHNEIDER Laurent
Published: July 2021

Le chantier de fouille est aujourd’hui un véritable laboratoire multidisciplinaire éphémère afin de mieux connaitre les processus sociaux-environnementaux du passé.
Correlation of Chest Radiographic Findings and Coagulation Abnormality with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Aggarwal Yogender , Malhotra Ankur , Arora Deepti , Chandak Shruti , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhandari Vivek
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has engulfed most of the world and has constrained already overburdened health care systems, especially in developing countries. There is an urgent need of a rapid investigation to assess disease severity in suspected patients and the baseline chest radiograph may serve as a triage tool. The aim is to correlate chest radiographic findings and coagulation abnormality with disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study which comprised 100 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 cases which were clinically stratified into three groups based on clinical parameters. Baseline chest radiograph and serum D-dimer levels at the time of admission for all the patients were reviewed. A radiographic severity score (Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema [RALE]) was determined for all four quadrants of both lungs. The scores of each quadrant were added to yield the final severity score.

Results:

Baseline chest radiograph was abnormal in 75% of patients, whereas 25% of patients had normal chest radiograph. Most frequent radiographic abnormality was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 31, 41.3%) followed by lung consolidation (n = 19, 25.3%), while 7 patients (9.3%) had both GGO and consolidation. The most common pattern of disease distribution was bilateral 34 (57.7%) and peripheral in 58 (69%). The optimal cut-off RALE score for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥3 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.760) and for identifying severe cases was ≥7 (AUC 0.870). Similarly, the optimal cut-off D-Dimer value for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥567 ng/ml (AUC 0.836) and for diagnosing severe disease was ≥1200 ng/ml (AUC 0.99).

Conclusions:

Radiographic RALE score and elevated serum D-Dimer levels correlate strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients and can be utilized for early identification of high-risk cases which can ultimately reduce mortality and morbidity.
A Rare Case of Glutaric Acidemia Type 2 With Psychosis
Authors: Arathil Praveen , Nair Ariya
Published: July 2021

Glutaric acidemia type 2 (GAII), also known as glutaric aciduria, is a rare type of inherited disorder, in which the body is unable to process certain proteins properly. Presentation can vary from mild myopathy to metabolic acidosis or cardiomyopathy, as well as neurological complications. However, psychiatric manifestations have not been reported. The present case describes one such instance where a young male presenting with symptoms of psychosis with underlying metabolic disorder was diagnosed with GAII. Issues concerning the adequate administration of psychotropic medication have also been addressed.
Scope and Need of Simulation in Medical Education
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: July 2021

Quality-assured patient care is often looked upon as a combination of adequacy, accuracy, and promptness regardless of the settings. Simulation has been acknowledged as an important aspect of medical training as it immensely reduces the probability of errors done by a freshly passed student either in elective or emergency settings. The process of learning is encouraged through immersive learning, reflection by the students on their own performance, and through the feedback given by the teacher who is present. The inclusion of simulation in medical education helps the students to become competent in responding to real-life scenarios in an organized manner without jeopardizing the ethical or legal rights of the patients. In conclusion, the employment of simulation in medical education aids in the improvement of the professional performance of the medical students and ensures the safety of the patients. Thus, all the medical colleges should aim for its gradual introduction within their implemented curriculum and give a number of learning opportunities to the students.
Prevalence of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients on Antitubercular Therapy
Authors: Singhal Anuj , Singh Sonal , Yadav Arun Kumar , Atal Amar Tej , Shukla Shubham
Published: July 2021

Background:

As per the World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2019, there were an estimated 10.0 million new TB cases worldwide in 2018, with India (27%) having the maximum burden of the disease. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to antitubercular treatment (ATT) is a serious adverse effect and a major cause of discontinuation of ATT, leading to increased drug resistance, morbidity, and mortality.

METHODOLOGY:

This was an observational study that was conducted at a tertiary care center in South Maharashtra having a dedicated TB nodal center. All newly detected cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and cases of TB after relapse/failure/treatment after default, who reported to this nodal center from January 2019 to June 2019 and in whom Category 1 and Category 2 ATT was started as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Programme protocol, were enrolled in this study.

RESULTS:

Out of 100 enrolled patients, 10 (10%) were diagnosed to have ATT-induced DILI, which is concordant with other studies. No deaths were recorded. However, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients who developed DILI (12% males vs. 8% females). No correlation was found with body mass index or alcohol consumption.

CONCLUSION:

A fine balance should be struck between unnecessary discontinuation of ATT and continued safe treatment. Patient and staff education, careful selection of regimen, and close monitoring of risk factors will minimize cases of DILI.
Clinical Profile of Children with Influenza A and B Infections Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Arul Janani , Ponnarmeni Satheesh , Ferdinamarie Sharmila , Dhodapkar Rahul , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background:

The influenza pandemics have caused serious morbidity and mortality around the world. Only a few studies have described the clinical profile of both influenza A and B infections among children and its seasonal variations.

Aims:

To study the clinical profile of children with influenza (A and B) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India over a period of 17 months.

Methods:

A retrospective case file review was done for all influenza-positive cases (by real time-polymerase chain reaction) admitted in the ward and pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to May 2019.

Results:

A total of 164 admitted children were screened for influenza, of which 41 children (25%) were positive. Seasonal variation showed highest peak in the month of October with 17 positive cases (41%). Influenza B was observed during the first half of the year 2018 followed by an increase in influenza A infection in the last 6 months. The common presenting symptoms were cough (16, 39%) and respiratory distress (21, 51%). Out of 41, 18 children (44%) required respiratory support, but only 2 (5%) required mechanical ventilation. Hyponatremia was present at admission in 13 (61%) of 21 (51%) tested samples. The median length of hospital stay in the admission hyponatremia group was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4, 15) as compared to the overall median length of stay of 4 days (IQR 3, 7).

Conclusions:

Our study showed a predominance of influenza B in the first half of the year and influenza A infection during the second half. A similar pattern was also seen in the first half of the subsequent year. Further studies are required to understand the impact of hyponatremia in these patients.
Life Skills of Adolescent Girls in Relation to Their Self-concept Developed through Kishori Panchayat
Authors: Guha Ishita , Maliye Chetna H. , Gupta Subodh S. , Garg Bishan S.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The Adolescents for Health Action model: Kishori Panchayat (KP) is a novel community participation approach for mobilizing and empowering adolescent girls. The model is expected to improve life skills of adolescent girls not only through occasional life skills sessions but also by providing them a platform for interaction with peer-groups, villagers and health-care providers, sharing experiences, community level health, and social activities.

Objective:

We aimed to assess whether life skills of KP girls are better in comparison to non-KP girls aged 12–18 years.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 KP and non-KP girls, respectively, of aged 12–18 years, selected using random lottery method over 1-year period under Anji and Waifad Primary health center areas (10 villages from each) of rural Wardha, Maharashtra. Validated self-administered scales for communication skill, critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and self-esteem were used. Written consent from participants and permission from institutional ethics committee were taken.

Results:

The mean life skill scores were better among KP girls compared to non-KP with a significant difference (P < 0.001) in both groups regarding communication skill, critical thinking skill, decision-making, problem-solving, self-esteem, and total life skill scores.

Conclusion:

Community-based adolescents for health action model for the rural adolescent girls can empower and enhances their life skills with minimum resource and intensive effort.
Hypoparathyroidism in Pregnancy
Authors: Coumary Sendhil A , Janarthanam Samya , Dutta Tarun Kumar , Habeebullah Syed
Published: July 2021

Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder rarely observed during pregnancy. It poses a major challenge in managing a patient appropriately to prevent maternal and fetal complications. We report a case of a 21-year-old gravid woman, a diagnosed case of hypoparathyroidism. She was successfully treated with calcium and calcitriol before pregnancy. Dosage was adjusted according to serum calcium values, and she delivered a healthy baby with normal serum calcium level.