bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Communicative Competencies of Applicants for Higher Education in the Context of Distance Learning
Authors: Nesprava Mykola , Zarishniak Inna , Koropetska Olesya , Kurinna Аlla , Syvash Snizhana , Sushchenko Larysa
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the formation of communicative competencies of applicants for higher education in the context of distance learning from the perspective of neurosciences. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that for a successful, effective organization of distance learning, it is necessary to select the rational methods of teaching, aimed at enhancing the development of personality. The purpose of the article: to clarify the interpretation of the concepts: “competence”, “communicative competence”, “distance learning”, “neuroscience”, “neurolinguistics”, to investigate service platforms for online learning; to find effective teaching methods that contribute to the formation of communicative competence of university applicants. Methods of work - analysis of scientific and methodological literature, system analysis.
Results: the use of active teaching methods has a great impact on the formation of communicative competence in higher education students. Service platforms that help teachers conduct online learning with students have been investigated. It was emphasized that videoconferencing and video meetings help to form communicative competence with students. In addition, it was noted that higher education should be implemented using a competency-based approach. Novelty in the work is a review of neurolinguistic programming as one of the effective methods of formation of communicative competence. Conclusion: the use of current pedagogical technologies in the university helps to implement new principles of individualization and differentiation, taking into account the psychological aspects of the person associated with his intellect and speech.
Successful Bullying Prevention: a Curriculum Based on Cooperative Learning – Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Diac Georgeta , Grădinariu Tudorița
Published: March 2023

At the level of pre-university education units in Romania, there is a visible concern for identifying the most effective strategies to prevent bullying in parallel with the development of social skills for positive interaction. In accordance with these trends, this work aims to identify some educational strategies to prevent bullying that value the dynamics of cooperation. Thus, in the present study we propose to present the theory of social interdependence from the perspective of cooperative learning in the prevention of bullying. In the scientific literature it is shown that students who have more experiences of cooperation have an increased probability of not developing individualistic tendencies or engaging in intentional acts of aggression. On the other hand, social dominance theories show that through competition students compete for a place in dominance hierarchies and may have harmful intentions.
The findings of various researchers show that cooperation is an effective strategy against bullying both in secondary school and in primary school. Cooperative learning significantly reduces bullying because bullies and victims share a tendency to be uncooperative. It was also observed that the results of cooperative learning on prosocial ability they have related  by the improvement of the relationship between students. Given that bullies prefer to dominate rather than be cooperative, while victims lack social interaction skills, we believe that the success of bullying prevention is found in a curriculum centered on cooperative learning. Therefore, the design of such a curriculum is important from the perspective of developing students' cooperation and interrelationship skills as a strategy to prevent bullying.
The Unexpected Positive Outcomes for Summer Camps in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Gaslin Tracey , Dubin Alexsandra , Sorenson Jacob , Rosen Nila , Garst Barry , Schultz Beth
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic completely upended the camping industry, posing unique and significant challenges to youth summer engagement experiences, with many camps choosing not to operate in the summer of 2020. These canceled programs resulted in staff layoffs and loss of revenue. Some state requirements necessitated camp closures, while other camps closed due to uncertainty about the ability to provide a safe, healthy camp experience that retained the essence of summer camp. The small portion of camps that did open were forced to be cre-ative in how they offered programs. Some camps chose to run limited in-person programs, some offered family camps for family units, while others transitioned to virtual camp experiences. For these camps that did run in some capacity, several national organizations were able to gather data regarding operational challenges and benefits. Using document analysis, this project examined research findings from four national camp organizations. This cross-organizational analysis high-lights the experiences of camps offering in-person summer programs and services in implementing nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission in 2020. Camps used a variety of NPIs that involved both personal responsibility and community cooperation to create a camp experience that was socially distant and as sanitary as possible. This study also examines the experiences of camps offering virtual programs and services as a means to connect with individuals and support socialization needs of youth. These virtual programs varied widely, but all provided youth the opportunity to connect with like-minded campers and staff to have community building experiences despite isolation. In the context of many COVID-19 challenges, this study identifies positive benefits associated with operating camp in the summer of 2020. These unexpected positive impacts encompass health center operations, food service, programmatic changes, changes to the structure of camper units, and a shifting focus toward mental, emo-tional, and social health. Many of these positive outcomes are perceived by camp administrators as beneficial changes that will likely remain after the pandemic and continue to impact the camping industry for the foreseeable future.
Bio-Efficacy of Spinetoram 6% W/V (5.66% W/W) + Methoxyfenozide 30% W/V (28.3% W/W) SC against Pod Borers Infesting Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Srinivasan G. , Shanthi M. , Naveena K.
Published: March 2023

Background: Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (F.) and blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus (L.) are important lepidopteran borers infesting greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] throughout India. Therefore, novel insecticide mixture in comparison with other standard synthetic insecticides has been tested for its bio-efficacy against these two borers in greengram. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Vagurani, Usilampatti Block, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu during June to August, 2020 in randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The experimental field was monitored for the population of pests and natural enemies (No./ 10 plants), per cent pod damage, total grain yield and phyto-toxic symptoms. From the data recorded, per cent reduction in population over control was calculated. The per cent pod damage was calculated by randomly picking 100 pods from each plot of each replication. The grain yield from each plot was recorded after each picking and converted into kg/ ha. Result: Two sprays of spinetoram 6% w/v + methoxyfenozide 30% w/v SC @ 144 g a.i/ha and flubendiamide 34.35 SC @ 48 g a.i/ha from 45 DAS at 15 days interval proved to be most effective and superior in reducing the lepidopteran pod borers like M. vitrata and L. boeticus and no lethal effect was recorded towards the coccinellid predators, Menochilus sexmaculatus, C. transversalis and spiders. This combination did not cause any phytotoxic symptoms like leaf injury, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty at any day after treatment on stems, leaves, flowers and pods of greengram.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Yenilenebilir ve Fosil Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye için Saklı Eşbütünleşme Analizi Bulguları
Authors: TÜRKÖZ Kumru
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada; 1970-2020 döneminde Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin yenilenebilir (temiz) ve fosil enerji tüketimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki, Engle-Granger (1987) eşbütünleşme yaklaşımının yanı sıra pozitif ve negatif bileşenler üzerindeki şokları ayrıştırarak dikkate alan Granger ve Yoon (2002) saklı eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular; Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin incelenen dönemde hem yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi üzerinde hem de yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin pozitif ve negatif bileşenleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye yol açmadığını göstermektedir. Buna karşın doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri uzun dönemde fosil yakıt tüketimi üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bulgular; Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımların temiz enerji tüketimini desteklemek yerine karbon temelli fosil yakıt tüketimini artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla sürdürülebilir çevresel hedeflere ulaşmak için temiz/yenilenebilir enerji tüketimini destekleyecek doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin eşanlı olarak ekonomi ve çevre politikalarına dâhil edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Akses Pangan Lansia Perempuan Kepala Keluarga di Kelurahan Kumpulrejo Salatiga, Indonesia
Authors: Arlan Eza Media , Sanubari Theresia Pratiwi Elingsetyo , Wijaya Firdhan Aria
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Ketahanan pangan terwujud jika semua orang memiliki akses yang mencukupi, aman, dan bergizi untuk mempertahankan kehidupan yang sehat dan aktif. Nyatanya, saat ini masih terdapat kelompok rawan pangan di tingkat global maupun nasional walaupun hampir setiap negara sudah mengatur tentang ketahanan pangan. Lansia perempuan sebagai kepala keluarga dengan keterbatasan fisik, stigma yang berlaku di masyarakat, dan budaya yang patriarki membatasi mereka melakukan pekerjaan di ranah publik dan domestik untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan sehari-hari.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap informasi cara lansia perempuan kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Kumpulrejo, Salatiga dalam mengakses pangan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Metode: Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan observasi partisipatif digunakan untuk memahami situasi lansia perempuan kepala keluarga, kemudian pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Jumlah responden penelitian yaitu 5 lansia perempuan kepala keluarga yang dipilih secara acak di Kelurahan Kumpulrejo.
Hasil: Lansia perempuan sebagai kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Kumpulrejo dalam masa tua nya masih memiliki tantangan dalam mengakses pangan. Walaupun demikian responden memiliki berbagai strategi dalam pemenuhan pangan sehari-hari sehingga mereka masih dalam keadaan pangan yang baik. Dalam lingkungan sosial responden masih berbaur dengan masyarakat dengan baik tanpa memandang usia dan status sosial. Kepemilikan dapur dan air bersih responden masih dalam keadaan yang kurang baik, sehingga meningkatkan risiko mengalami infeksi atau penyakit lain.
Kesimpulan: Lansia perempuan kepala keluarga dapat mengakses pangan dengan berbagai strategi yang mereka miliki seperti berhutang di tukang sayur keliling langganan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan pangan sehari-hari.
Ultra-Processed Food can be a Mediator between Food Security Status and Overweight or Obesity among Adults: A Literature Review
Authors: Faza Farah , Bafani Unun Fitry Febria , Fikha Idri Iqra
Published: March 2023

Background: The ultra-processed food (UPF) contributed 20-85% of total daily calories. The consumption of UPF can be triggered by food security status. Many studies revealed that UPF consumption has a direct negative impact on health, mainly in overweight and obesity. 
Objectives: To review published studies assessing food security, UPF consumption, and overweight or obesity and find the possible links between those three factors.
Methods: A literature review of scientific articles about food security, UPF consumption, and overweight or obesity, selected systematically according to the PRISMA Diagram. All articles were gathered through medical search engines, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, from December 2021 to February 2022. The bias risk of each selected paper was assessed using the checklist from The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal. Peer review and group discussions were performed to assess the quality of all articles gathered as objectively as possible using the STROBE Checklist. A narrative synthesis approach was opted to unify all findings across included studies systematically. 
Results: Nineteen (19) scientific published papers were filtered. The association between food security status and UPF consumption showed inconsistent findings. However, UPF consumption revealed a consistent association with overweight/obesity, where the higher the UPF intake, the greater odds of being overweight/obese. The relationship between food security status and overweight or obesity tended to have a similar pattern. In high-income countries, the association was negative (the more food insecure, the higher overweight or obesity), while in low- and middle-income countries showed the opposite. The pathway could be: (1) food-insecure adults have higher UPF intake, hence gaining body weight, or (2) food-secure adults have higher UPF intake, hence gaining body weight. 
Conclusions: UPF consumption is indicated as a potential mediator for food security status and nutritional status (overweight/obesity) through two pathways involving socio-demographic factors, psychological factors, social protections, and food choice motives.
Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Food Bar Torbangun – Katuk terhadap Efektivitas Produksi ASI
Authors: Lutfiani Laeli , Nasrulloh Nanang
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Sebab utama terputusnya ASI eksklusif adalah produksi susu yang tidak lancar. Torbangun dan Katuk merupakan galactagogue yang dapat menstimulasi produksi ASI. Modifikasi pengolahan food bar menggunakan Torbangun dan Katuk merupakan bentuk fortifikasi pangan untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI Ibu menyusui.
Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi total flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan tepung Torbangun, tepung Katuk dan produk food bar Torbangun Katuk serta menganalisis efektivitas food bar Torbangun Katuk terhadap produksi ASI.
Metode: Pre-eksperimen menggunakan rancangan pre test and post test design untuk melihat produksi ASI sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi food bar. Bahan baku dan produk food bar dianalisis total flavonoid dengan aluminium klorida (AlCl3) dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Food bar adalah produk dengan penambahan tepung Torbangun 2,5% dan tepung Katuk 5%. Uji efektivitas dilakukan pada 10 Ibu menyusui. Efektivitas dilihat dari perubahan volume ASI sebelum dan setelah mengonsumsi food bar. Pengaruh food bar terhadap produksi ASI menggunakan uji T berpasangan.  
Hasil: Analisis kimia yang didapatkan total flavonoid tepung Torbangun dan Katuk adalah 4,06 mg/g dan 5,30 mg/g serta antioksidan tepung Torbangun dan Katuk 39,77 ppm dan 307,96 ppm. Sementara itu, total flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan produk food bar Torbangun Katuk berturut-turut 0,36±0,06 mg/g dan 116,01±36,83 ppm. Hasil efektivitas menunjukkan terdapat kenaikan 54,98% antara rata-rata volume ASI sebelum dan setelah konsumsi food bar. Pemberian food bar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kenaikan produksi ASI (p<0,05).
Kesimpulan: Tepung Torbangun dan tepung Katuk memiliki potensi sebagai makanan tambahan untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI
Characteristics of Sleep and Autonomic Activity in Active Older Adults Based on Metabolic Age: A Case Report
Authors: Sato Miki , Tanioka Ryuichi , Betriana Feni , Osaka Kyoko , Zhao Yueren , Tanioka Tetsuya , Takahashi Akira
Published: March 2023

This case report examined the characteristics of body composition, sleep quality, and autonomic nerve activity in active older adults with a younger body age—calculated from age trends in body composition and basal metabolic rate. We selected two cases who had a metabolic age younger than their actual age. They had good sleep quality, low sleep quality scores, no sarco-penia, strong muscle and grip strength, and balanced autonomic nervous system activity. Fur-thermore, they were determined to be much younger than their actual age. They were compared with two other age- and sex-matched cases, who had poor sleep quality, unbalanced autonomic nervous system activity, and had a physical age closer to their actual age. Older adults with more muscle mass and higher basal metabolism were younger than their actual age, had a better sleep status, and a good balance of autonomic nervous activity in the exercise stimulation. They also had lower percentages of body- and visceral fat and higher body water. Meanwhile, the older adults with standard muscle mass and basal metabolic rate had a poor sleep status and no sympathetic hyperactivity in the exercise simulation.
Impact of SARS-Cov-2 on Clinical Trial Unit Workforce in the United Kingdom: An Observational Study
Authors: Delanerolle Gayathri , Hu Jintong , Cavalini Heitor , Yardley Lucy , Barnard-Kelly Katharine , Elliot Kathryn , Raymont Vanessa , Rathod Shanaya , Shi Jian Qing , Phiri Peter
Published: March 2023

The overall objective of this mixed-method digital-based observational study was to determine the mental health impact among CTU staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Qualtrics Core XM platform was used to deploy the questionnaire where a quantitative analysis was conducted. The qualitative part of the study used the Microsoft Teams digital application to complete the interviews. Various validated mental health assessments were administered: Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pandemic Stress Index (PSI), Burnout Assessment Tool-12 (BAT-12), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) and The Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). A total of 485 participants took part, of which 73.4% were female and 70.1% of the sample were white British. A high prevalence of anxiety, exhaustion and depression were identified across all participants. A significant mental health impact was identified among the CTU workforce where wellbeing was compromised during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Decision-Making Underlying Support-Searching in Pea Plants
Authors: Wang Qiuran , Guerra Silvia , Bonato Bianca , Simonetti Valentina , Bulgheroni Maria , Castiello Umberto
Published: March 2023

Finding a suitable support is a key process in the life history of climbing plants. Climbers that find a suitable support have greater performance and fitness than those that remain prostrate. Numerous studies on climbing plant behavior have elucidated the mechanistic details of support searching and attachment. Far fewer studies have addressed the ecological significance of support-searching behavior and the factors that affect it. Among these, the diameter of supports influences their suitability for twining plants. When support diameter increases beyond some point climbing plants are unable to maintain tensional forces and therefore lose attachment to the trellis. Here we further investigate this issue by putting pea plants in the situation to choose between supports of different diameters while their movement was recorded by means of a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The results indicate that the way climbing plants move can vary depending on whether they are presented with one or two potential supports. Furthermore, when presented with a choice between a thin and a thick support, the plants showed a distinct preference for the former than the latter. The present findings shed further light on how climbers make decisions as far as support search is concerned, and provide evidence that plants adopt one of several alternative plastic responses in a way that optimally corresponds to environmental scenarios.
TAN: A Transferable Adversarial Network for DNN-based UAV SAR Automatic Target Recognition Models
Authors: Du Meng , Sun Yuxin , Sun Bing , Wu Zilong , Luo Lan , Bi Daping , Du Mingyang
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a highly sought-after topic for its wide applications in the field of target recognition, detection, and tracking. However, SAR automatic target recognition (ATR) models based on deep neural networks (DNN) are suffering from adversarial examples. Generally, non-cooperators rarely disclose any information about SAR-ATR models, making adversarial attacks challenging. In this situation, we propose Transferable Adversarial Network (TAN) to attack these models with highly transferable adversarial examples. The proposed method improves the transferability via a two-player game, in which we simultaneously train two encoder-decoder models: a generator that crafts malicious samples through a one-step forward mapping from original data, and an attenuator that weakens the effectiveness of malicious samples by capturing the most harmful deformations. In particular, compared to traditional iterative methods, our approach is able to one-step map original samples to adversarial examples, thus enabling real-time attacks. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art transferability with acceptable adversarial perturbations and minimum time costs compared to existing attack methods, i.e., it excellently realizes real-time transferable adversarial attacks.
Pembuatan Buku Dekorasi Bunga Berbahan Dasar Kertas Sebagai Backdrop Acara Lamaran
Authors: Putri Annisya Nurliyanni , Titin Supiani
Published: March 2023

Abstrak Dekorasi untuk acara lamaran banyak digunakan oleh calon pengantin untuk menghiasi ruangan atau sebagai backdrop untuk mempermanis orang yang dipotret di depan latar belakang itu. Perkembangan dekorasi ini berkembang pesat namun belum ada inovasi baru sehingga dalam hal dekorasi harus lebih kreatif dan inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat buku yang berisikan langkah – langkah pembuatan dekorasi bunga berbahan dasar kertas dengan lebih banyak menampilkan gambar untuk mempermudah dalam mengerjakan langkah kerja pembuatan dekorasi. Buku ini menjadi lebih menarik dengan isi yang singkat namun jelas serta mudah dipahami dan menjadi inspirasi maupun referensi untuk berkarya dengan memanfaatkan kertas menjadi nilai jual yang dapat dipasarkan. Tahap dalam pembuatan buku ini terdiri dari Tahap Analisis (analysis), Tahap Perancangan (Design), Tahap Pengembangan (Development),dan Tahap Implementasi (Implementation), penilaian buku dilakukan oleh 2 orang ahli, yaitu ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil pembuatan buku ini memenuhi kriteria validasi dengan hasil yang didapat oleh ahli materi adalah 100%, dari ahli media 94%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku tersebut Sangat Layak untuk digunakan sebagai referensi dalam membuat dekorasi bunga berbahan dasar kertas sebagai backdrop acara lamaran.
Content-Based Image Retrieval using Multi Deep Neural Networks and K-Nearest Neighbor Approaches
Authors: Hung Bui Thanh , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of digital image technology, the number of digital images stored on the Internet environment has been increasing remarkably over the past decade. As a result, it has become a top priority to come up with an effective and convenient search tools for images. Although several image-based search tools have been introduced till now to allow users to search for images with relatively fast response times, it remains certain limitations from these tools in resolving ambiguity between content of the query image and returned image. In this research, we proposed a method exploiting multi deep neural networks and K-Nearest Neighbor methodologies in Content Based Image Retrieval to improve the image search quality. First, we built our own multi CNN models inherited from the pre-trained CNN models to extract image features. Next, basing on the method of K-Nearest Neighbors, we compiled the similarity measure of the distance between the feature vectors and conducted model experiments. Experiments were performed on the Oxford-IIIT Pet Image Dataset and self-collected dataset of a Kaggle competition. We then evaluated the model by accuracy, confusion matrix, and F1 scores; average precision (AP) and mean average precision (mAP) were used to evaluate the search results of our search proposed system. The experiments show that our proposed system achieved outstanding results.
The characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation interventions provided by nurses: A scoping review
Authors: Bernier Jessica , Breton Mylaine , Poitras Marie-eve
Published: March 2023

Background:A cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) is an interdisciplinary intervention that combines the medical, social, and educational components necessary for cardiac rehabilitation so that people with cardiovascular disease can regain their functional abilities and improve their quality of life. In CRP, nurses have an essential role in patient care and service coordination. The basic components of a CRP that can be adapted remain unknown, as there are many different CRP. This study aims to identify the key features of a CRP that can inform public policy. Currently, there is no synthesis of the characteristics of services in CRP that can be adapted in the literature. This study aims to identify the main characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation programs nurses offer when providing cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction.Methods:A scoping study was conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley (2005). We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane. Only empirical studies published between 2005 and 2022 with a CRP involving a nurse were included. CRP characteristics were classified, coded, and validated with the research team and categorized for analysis.Results:Fifteen articles were included in which 15 rehabilitation programs were identified. In total, four programs were offered, individualized nurse follow-up (n = 8), CRP solicitation (n = 2), use of technology (n = 3), and telehealth (n = 1). Overall, the features were categorized into four program types: 1) Interventions promoting early recruitment of participants; 2) Interventions promoting technology use; 3) Interventions based on multiple components; and 4) Interventions based on surveillance and monitoring activities.Conclusion:With the increase in myocardial infarctions, more and more patients need CRP. Nurse monitoring during CRP can be offered with several components to facilitate follow-up. These different follow-up components allow the nurse to anticipate care issues and obstacles the patient may encounter throughout cardiac rehabilitation. These elements should be promoted for engagement and participation in CR to improve CR provision. Finally, the characteristics of this study will support the conceptualization of a CR program.
Validation of TBL-PBL Teaching Model in the Organ System-based Medical Curriculum
Authors: Zhu Yaxi , Liu Lingyun , Wang Hao , Lv Qinglan , Tan Sipin , Jiang Bimei , Xiao Zihui , Xiong Wei , Liu Ying , Zhang Huali
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
The organ system-based medical curriculum is crucial for students in the MD-PhD program of Xiangya School of Medicine at Central South University in China. The combination of Team Based Learning (TBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) forms a new case-based teaching model so that students can cooperatively participate in case discussions using multi-disciplinary knowledge. The aim of this study is to utilize TBL-PBL teaching model in the organ system-based medical curriculum, and assess the feedback on teaching arrangement, effectiveness and the academic performance of students.
METHODS
This is a single institution, two-year study that includes two cohorts of students who participated in two training paradigms, traditional teaching model and TBL-PBL teaching modal. The MD-PhD students enrolled in 2016 (n=100) were selected for traditional teaching model, students enrolled in 2017 (n=100) were selected for TBL-PBL teaching model, in which the learning contents were remodeled and integrated with simulated cases, taught by an interprofessional team. After completing the curriculmn, all students were surveyed on their feedbacks about group teaching arrangement and teaching effectiveness. Academic performance were also assesses by post-session quizzes, periodical tests and the final exams.
RESULTS
The survey results revealed that in the TBL-PBL teaching group, the percentage of students who thought that the teaching objectives were challenging reached 94%. Meanwhile, for the traditional teaching group, the percentage of students who thought likewise were 84%. The percentage of students in the TBL-PBL group who thought that the innovative teaching mode rendered helpful in consolidating basic medical knowledge structure (89% vs. 78%), promoted student overall thinking skills (94% vs. 84%), communication skills(93% vs. 82%), teamwork skills (95% vs. 82%) and professional abilities (89% vs. 84%) outweighed the traditional teaching group to a significant degree. The academic performance in the TBL-PBL group was improved evidenced by higher class scores(85.52 vs. 80.34), excellence rate (51% vs. 49%) and qualification rate (100% vs. 92%).
CONCLUSION
The TBL-PBL teaching model improved academic performance, yielded higher student satisfaction and engagement. This innovative teaching model can be used as an alternative to traditional model for medical courses.
Adrenal Adenoma dignosed during pregnancy: A 20-year experience at a tertiary center
Authors: Zhu Caixia , Cai Shiqin , Zhong Xue , Zhang Shaofeng , Shen Lixia , Ye Lisha , Zhan Minjin , Huang Jingwan , Wang Zilian , Chen Haitian
Published: March 2023

Background Adrenal adenoma during pregnancy is rare and the diagnosis is challenging owing to unspecific symdromes and restricted investigation. It’s poorly described obstetric outcomes of patients underwent surgery during pregnancy or only received medicine treatment. To report the clinical characteristics and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women complicated with adrenal adenoma.
Methods A retrospective study was performed. The clinical characteristics, management and obstetric outcome of pregnancies diagnosed as adrenal adenoma over 20 years were reviewed from a teriary hospital.
Results A total of 12 women were diagnosed as adrenal adenoma during pregnancy from to January 2000 to September 2022. Eight women had cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma, two had over-secrete catecholamine and two primary aldosteronism. The original symptoms adrenal adenoma during pregnancy included hypertension or preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus or pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia and ecchymosis. There were four women took adrenalectomy during pregnancy, while 8 women only received medicine therapy. Preterm birth occurred in all cases who received medicine, whereas 1 case suffered from preterm birth in the group underwent surgery. Among the 8 women of medicine group, there were 3 neonatal death.
Conclusions Once simultaneous onset of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia during the 1st or 2nd trimester, adrenal adenoma should be investigate by laboratory examination and imaging examination. The maternal and fetal outcome were unpredictive owing to the severity of adrenal adenoma, particular in patients only received medicine treatment. Adrenalectomy should be recommended during the pregnancy.
Psychological distress, social media use, and academic performance of medical students: The mediating role of coping style
Authors: Shiraly Ramin , Roshanfekr Ashrafalsadat , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: March 2023

Background
Given that social media use is an increasingly widespread activity among university students, more information is needed to evaluate its potential implications for students’ mental health.
Objective
The present study assessed the effect of interaction between coping style and social media use on psychological distress and academic performance among medical students.
Methods
A total of 400 undergraduate students from a large Iranian medical university participated in the study. A self-administered survey was used to collect data on demographics, negative emotional states (DASS-21), coping strategies (Brief COPE scale), academic performance (by grade point average) and estimated average time spent on social media per day. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine relationships between the study variables.
Results
Psychological distress was common among medical students, with depressed mood being the most common (44%). Based on DASS-21 scores, students with higher levels of psychological distress were more likely to be engaged in frequent social media use. More than two hours per day social media use showed positive association with maladaptive coping (p < 0.001) (particularly with self-distraction and behavioral disengagement components) but no significant association with adaptive coping (p = 0.876). No significant associations were found between psychological distress and average time spent on social media use with students’ academic performance. Mediation analysis showed that the effect of social media use on students’ psychological distress was totally mediated by maladaptive coping.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that social media use influences students’ emotional states indirectly through their coping style. It may act as a maladaptive approach to cope with mental distress mostly via self-distraction and behavior disengagement.
CO2 holdup monitoring, ruminal acidosis might be caused by CO2 poisoning
Authors: Laporte-Uribe Jose
Published: March 2023

Ruminal CO2 holdup or high dissolved CO2 concentrations (dCO2) for long postprandial periods might increase CO2 absorption and the risk of CO2 poisoning. Ruminal pH and dCO2 are intertwined, explaining why ruminal acidosis is ascribed to low ruminal pH, which is a spurious relationship. Here, the use of an ATR-IR spectrometer to monitor ruminal dCO2 is described. Three fistulated lactating dairy cattle were exposed to diets tailored to increase both dCO2 and the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Indwelling pH sensors and ruminal fluid samples were used as references, and a categorical analysis based on the Gaussian distribution of the ruminal dCO2 was applied to detect CO2 holdup. The milk yield, milk components and feed intake supported a positive role for high dCO2 on rumen function. However, SARA was associated with CO2 holdup, viz. sustaining critical ruminal dCO2 for extended postprandial periods. Therefore, SARA was most likely a sign of CO2 poisoning rather than a pH decline. Monitoring ruminal dCO2 with the proposed categorical analysis might help us to optimise rumen function and reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis.
Resting-state brain plasticity is associated with the severity in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Tan# Yongming , Shao# Ziwei , Wu Kaifu , Zhou Fuqing , He Laichang
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine if cortical activity differences measured by fMRI were associated with the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).
Methods: We recruited 40 patients with CSM (22 mild-moderate CSM, 18 severe CSM), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) matched with age, sex and education status. Clinical data (Japanese Orthopedic Association Score [JOA] and Neck Disability Index [NDI]) and 3.0T MRI parameters including DTI at the spinal cord (level C2/3) with fractional anisotropy (FA) and degree centrality (DC) were recorded. Pearson correlation analysis was then separately performed between JOA with FA and DC.
Results: Among them, degree centrality value of left middle temporal gyrus exhibited a progressive increase in CSM groups compared with HCs, the DC value in severe CSM group was higher compared with mild-moderate CSM group. (P<0.05), and the DC values of the right superior temporal gyrus and precuneus showed a decrease after increase. Among them, DC values in the area of precuneus in severe CSM group were significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs. (P<0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the level C2/3 showed a progressive decrease in different clinical stages, that severe CSM group was the lowest, significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs (P<0.05). There was negative correlation between DC value of left middle temporal gyrus and JOA scores (P<0.001), and the FA values of dorsal column in the level C2/3 positively correlated with the JOA scores (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Structural and functional changes have taken place in the cervical spinal cord and brain of CSM patients. The Brain reorganization plays an important role in maintaining the symptoms and signs of CSM, aberrant DC values in the left middle temporal gyrus may be the possible mechanism of inconsistency between imaging findings and clinical symptoms. Degree centrality is a potentially useful prognostic functional biomarker in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
Study on the diagnostic value of folic acid-targeted nano-microbubbles in breast microcarcinoma
Authors: Xue Nianyu , Shen Zhenyu , Xu Zhenbin , Zhang Shengmin
Published: March 2023

Background
The prognosis of breast cancer is significantly correlated with its early detection. It is difficult to detect breast microcarcinomas less than or equal to 5 mm by imaging examination.
Methods
Folic acid-targeted nanobubbles (FA-TNBs) were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake assays were used to examine FA-TNBs’ biological toxicity to cells, targeting them to breast cancer cells. In addition, by constructing a mouse 4T1 tumor model and evaluating the targeting and imaging effects of FA-TNBs, the diagnostic value of these microbubbles for breast microcarcinomas (diameter ≤ 5 mm) was evaluated.
Results
The average particle size of the fabricated FA-TNBs was 244 ± 21 nm. In vitro cell uptake experiments showed that breast cancer 4T1 cells take up more FA-TNBs than non-targeted nanobubbles (N-TNBs) (p < 0.001). In the cytotoxicity experiment, the survival rate of 4T1 cells under each FA-NBs concentration was > 90%. In vivo imaging of the mouse 4T1 tumor model showed that compared with the N-TNBs group, the FA-TNBs group took a shorter time to peak (20 s, 40 s, p < 0.05), had a higher peak intensity (38.3 ± 1.5 dB, 31.7 ± 1.5 dB, p < 0.05), and the extinction time was shorter (180 s, 120 s, p < 0.05). After FA-NB injection, there were no apparent abnormalities in the tissue sections or hematological examinations of the mice’s vital organs.
Conclusions
The prepared FA-TNBs had good water solubility, safety, biocompatibility, and enhancement of ultrasound imaging. It had a good imaging effect on mouse breast cancer tumors with a diameter of 5 mm and showed apparent active targeting. FA-TNBs may become a new and practical ultrasound contrast agent for the early detection of breast cancer.
The plane elasticity problem of interface cracks between three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals and circular elastic inclusion under the thermal loading
Authors: Zhao Xuefen , Ma Yuanyuan , Lu Shaonan
Published: March 2023

By using the complex variable method, the problem of interface cracks between three-dimensional icosahedral quasicrystals and circular elastic inclusion under the action of a point heat source was investigated. Combined with the Schwarz analysis continuation principle, the generalized Liouville theorem and the singularity analysis of complex functions, the problem is transformed into a Riemann boundary value problem, and the general solutions of temperature and stress functions are obtained. As a special case, the solutions of the interface with a single crack are derived, and the analytic expressions of intensity factors at the crack tips are obtained. Numerical examples are given to analyze the effects of inclusion radius, point hot source intensity and coupling coefficient on thermal stress and stress intensity factors of three common composites. The current research not only provides theoretical guidance for the reliability design and optimization of quasicrystal composites but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of quasicrystal composites.
Large Stimuli-Responsive Azobenzene Macrocycles as Functional Cavitands: Synthesis and Detection by NMR and MS Methods
Authors: Roithmeyer Helena , Uudsemaa Merle , Trummal Aleksander , Brük Mari-Liis , Krämer Sebastian , Reile Indrek , Rjabovs Vitalijs , Palmi Kirsti , Rammo Matt , Aav Riina , Kalenius Elina , Adamson Jasper
Published: March 2023

Azobenzene macrocycles are widely investigated as potential drug delivery systems and as part of molecular machines due to their photo-responsive properties. Herein, we synthesize a series of new azobenzene macrocycles, featuring up to eight switchable repeating units. We study the influence of different reaction conditions, base equivalents, concentration, reactant addition time and stirring time, on the formation of the macrocycles of different sizes, ranging from 10 to 40 aromatic rings in the macrocyclic architectures. High-resolution mass spectrometry and ion mobility (IM) mass spectrometry experiments and 1H and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR are used to detect the presence of the macrocycles in gas phase and solution, respectively. While MS methods lead to the identification of the macrocycles, the differentiation between the different sizes of these macrocycles with DOSY NMR is limited. The responsiveness of the Z-to-E photo-switching of the smallest of the macrocycles, exhibiting 2 azobenzene units and in total 10 aromatic rings, separated with column chromatography, is studied with irradiation experiments, using both UV-Vis light and thermal excitation, and monitoring the sample with UV-Vis absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopy after the excitation. DFT calculations help shed light on the conformation of this isolated species.
Mental Health Condition of the Children in Humanitarian Crisis: A Study in Rohingya Kutupalong Camp
Authors: Parvin Nusrat
Published: March 2023

In August 2017, the Rohingya genocide erupted into a global refugee crisis, as a large number of Rohingya refugees fled Myanmar for Bangladesh. This global public health epidemic carries a significant mental health impact. Myanmar's combat situation, trauma, as well as post-migration situations such as resettlement camp environments, could lead to serious mental health issues. The purpose of this study was to learn more about the children's experience in Myanmar from Bangladesh's Kutupalong refugee camp in Cox's Bazar, as well as their present mental health situation. The research was designed as a qualitative study, and 13 children were chosen as participants. The study was completed in 2018. The information gathered was transcribed, triangulated, and thematically analysed. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were all cited by the majority of respondents. They frequently suffered from flashbacks, nightmares, panic attacks, suicidal ideation, trauma, palpitation, sleep disturbances, and physical aches for no apparent reason. Because of the time restrictions, this study was able to produce concise results. This research could aid in understanding potential mental health interventions for Rohingya refugee children.
Qualitative properties of solution to a viscoelastic Kirchhoff-like plate equation
Authors: Liu Yang , Moon Byungsoo , Radulescu Vicentiu D. , Xu Runzhang , Yang Chao
Published: March 2023

This paper is concerned with the initial boundary value problem for viscoelastic Kirchhoff-like plate equation with rotational inertia, memory, $p$-Laplacian restoring force, weak damping, strong damping, and nonlinear source terms. We establish the local existence and uniqueness of the solution by linearization and contraction mapping principle. Then we obtain the global existence of solution with subcritical and critical initial energy by applying potential well theory. Then we prove the asymptotic behavior of the global solution with positive initial energy strictly below the depth of potential well. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive study on the finite time blow-up of solution with negative initial energy, null initial energy, and positive initial energy strictly below the depth of potential well and arbitrary positive initial energy, respectively.
Modeling the Impact of Screening on the Dynamics of Tuberculosis Transmission in Ethiopia
Authors: Jiru Mideksa Tola
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infected people can spread TB germs from their mouth when they cough or sneeze. In this study, we have proposed and analyzed a mathematical model to examine the impact of awareness regarding TB transmission and treatment effects for a disease transmitted by contact in a constant population. We determined the six equilibriums using a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The well-posedness of the proposed infection model is then analytically studied by showing properties such as the existence, uniqueness, boundedness, and positivity of the solutions. The stability analysis of the equilibrium points of the model is also discussed after computing the basic reproduction number. The disease-free equilibrium point of the model was seen locally and globally and it was stable for R0 < 1 but unstable for R0 > 1. The sensitivity analysis and model simulation was also studied to supplement the analytical outcomes. As a result high awareness creation of TB transmission through community and high treatment rate of infectious classes have high impacts of Tuberculosis disease Transmission.
Delving into the Bacillus cereus group biosynthetic gene clusters cosmos: a comparative-genomics-based classification framework
Authors: Belaouni Hadj Ahmed , Yekkour Amine , Zitouni Abdelghani , Meklat Atika
Published: March 2023

Background: In this study, the Bacillus sp. strain BH32 (a plant-beneficial bacterial endophyte) and its closest non-type Bacillus cereus group strains were used to study the organization, conservation, and diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) among this group to propose a classification framework of gene cluster families (GCFs) among this intricate group. A dataset consisting of 17 genomes was used in this study. Genomes were annotated using PROKKA ver.1.14.5. The web tool antiSMASH ver. 5.1.2 was used to predict the BGCs profiles of each strain, with a total number of 198 BGCs. The comparison was made quantitatively based on a BGCs counts matrix comprising all the compared genomes and visualized using the Morpheus tool. The constitution, distribution, and evolutionary relationships of the detected BGCs were further analyzed using a manual approach based on a BLASTp analysis (using BRIG ver. 0.95); a phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated BGCs sequences to highlight the evolutionary relationships; and the conservation, distribution and the genomic co-linearity of the studied BGCs using Mauve aligner ver. 2.4.0. Finally, the BIG-SCAPE/CORASON automated pipeline was used as a complementary strategy to investigate the gene cluster families (GCFs) among the B. cereus group.
Results: Based on the manual approach, we identified BGCs conserved across the studied strains with very low variation and interesting singletons BGCs. Moreover, we highlighted the presence of two major BGCs synteny blocks (named “synteny block A” and “synteny block B”), each composed of conserved homologous BGCs among the B. cereus group. For the automatic approach, we identified 23 families among the different BGCs classes of the B. cereusgroup, named using a rational basis. The proposed manual and automatic approaches proved to be in harmony and complete each other, for the study of BGCs among the selected genomes.
Conclusion: Ultimately, we propose a framework for an expanding classification of the B. cereus group BGCs, based on a set of reference BGCs reported in this work.