bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Damage by SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapies
Authors: Ho Huyen Tran , Peischard Stefan , Strutz-Seebohm Nathalie , Klingel Karin , Seebohm Guiscard
Published: September 2021

Evidence is emerging that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect various organs of the body, including cardiomyocytes and cardiac endothelial cells in the heart. This review focuses on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the heart after direct infection that can lead to myocarditis and an outline of potential treatment options. The main points are: (1) Viral entry: SARS-CoV-2 uses specific receptors and proteases for docking and priming in cardiac cells. Thus, different receptors or protease inhibitors might be effective in SARS-CoV-2-infected cardiac cells. (2) Viral replication: SARS-CoV-2 uses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for replication. Drugs acting against ssRNA(+) viral replication for cardiac cells can be effective. (3) Autophagy and double-membrane vesicles: SARS-CoV-2 manipulates autophagy to inhibit viral clearance and promote SARS-CoV-2 replication by creating double-membrane vesicles as replication sites. (4) Immune response: Host immune response is manipulated to evade host cell attacks against SARS-CoV-2 and increased inflammation by dysregulating immune cells. Efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy must be elucidated. (5) Programmed cell death: SARS-CoV-2 inhibits programmed cell death in early stages and induces apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in later stages. (6) Energy metabolism: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to disturbed energy metabolism that in turn leads to a decrease in ATP production and ROS production. (7) Viroporins: SARS-CoV-2 creates viroporins that lead to an imbalance of ion homeostasis. This causes apoptosis, altered action potential, and arrhythmia.
COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancy: PCR Cycle Thresholds, Placental Pathology, and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Laresgoiti-Servitje Estibalitz , Cardona-Pérez Jorge Arturo , Hernández-Cruz Rosa Gabriela , Helguera-Repetto Addy Cecilia , Valdespino-Vázquez María Yolotzin , Moreno-Verduzco Elsa Romelia , Villegas-Mota Isabel , Acevedo-Gallegos Sandra , Rodríguez-Bosch Mario , León-Juárez Moisés , Aguinaga-Ríos Mónica , Coronado-Zarco Irma , Ortiz-Calvillo Alejandro , Rivera-Rueda María Antonieta , Valencia-Contreras Carolina , Gómez-Sousa María de Lourdes , Solis-Paredes Mario , Rodriguez-Aldama Juan Carlos , Galván-Contreras Rafael , Figueroa-Damián Ricardo , Cortés-Bonilla Manuel , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe , Espino-y-Sosa Salvador , Irles Claudine
Published: September 2021

(1) This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and placental pathology of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of maternal PCR cycle threshold (CT) values. (2) This was a retrospective case-control study in a third-level health center in Mexico City with universal screening by RT-qPCR. The association of COVID-19 manifestations, preeclampsia, and preterm birth with maternal variables and CT values were assessed by logistic regression models and decision trees. (3) Accordingly, 828 and 298 women had a negative and positive test, respectively. Of those positive, only 2.6% of them presented mild to moderate symptoms. Clinical characteristics between both groups of women were similar. No associations between CT values were found for maternal features, such as pre-gestational BMI, age, and symptomatology. A significantly higher percentage of placental fibrinoid was seen with women with low CTs (<25; p < 0.01). Regarding perinatal outcomes, preeclampsia was found to be significantly associated with symptomatology but not with risk factors or CT values (p < 0.01, aOR = 14.72). Moreover, 88.9% of women diagnosed with COVID-19 at <35 gestational weeks and symptomatic developed preeclampsia. (4) The data support strong guidance for pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular preeclampsia and placental pathology, which need further investigation.
A Case of Rubella Caused by Rubella Vaccination
Authors: Kamada Momoka , Kenzaka Tsuneaki
Published: September 2021

We present an extremely rare case of rubella that developed after rubella vaccine administration. A 54-year-old man complained of back and neck pain for some days. He presented with generalized rash and arthralgia that had persisted for two days before his visit. His vital signs were normal, and arthralgia had disappeared during an examination, but lymphadenopathy in the left posterior neck and pink papules were observed throughout the body. He had received his first Rubella vaccination 17 days before this visit and had attended a crowded festival. Owing to the rubella epidemic in that prefecture, we performed a rubella antibody test and polymerase chain reaction assay using blood, urine, and pharyngeal swab specimens. Rubella IgG and IgM antibody titers were 3 and 1.48, respectively. The pharyngeal swab yielded positive results for the 1a vaccine strain. Therefore, he was diagnosed with rubella due to rubella vaccination. His symptoms improved eventually. His clinical course was uncomplicated. Symptoms resolved within one week without specific treatment. The vaccine rubella strain is not as highly infectious as wild-type rubella strains. If rubella symptoms appear after vaccination, it must be investigated whether these are vaccine-specific adverse reactions, wild-strain rubella onset, or other eruptive viral infections.
COVID-19 Vaccines in Cancer Patients. Seropositivity and Safety. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cavanna Luigi , Citterio Chiara , Toscani Ilaria
Published: September 2021

Patients with cancer are among the most vulnerable groups of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas vaccinations can represent a cornerstone in overcoming the pandemic itself. However, cancer patients were excluded from clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccinations, and thus the data on the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients are limited. In this systematic review, we assessed the seroconversion rate and the safety of COVID-19 vaccinations in cancer patients. We searched a bibliographic database up until 31 July 2021. Utilizing inclusion criteria, six studies were selected and analyzed for this meta-analysis. This included 621 cancer patients and 256 controls. Results show that patients with solid tumors show adequate antibody responses (>90%), though the antibody titers were significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Similarly, a significantly lower rate of seroconversion was registered in patients with hematologic malignances. The vaccines showed a good safety profile; no grade 3–4 adverse events were registered. This review demonstrates generally high immunogenicity from COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer, with better results for solid tumors than hematological malignances, and with a good safety profile.
Robustness of Reinforced Concrete Frames against Blast-Induced Progressive Collapse
Authors: Francioli Mattia , Petrini Francesco , Olmati Pierluigi , Bontempi Franco
Published: September 2021

A quantitative procedure for the robustness and progressive collapse assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) frames under blast load scenarios is presented. This procedure is supported by multilevel numerical models, including nonlinear numerical analyses of the structural response of both local (i.e., response of the single structural element to the blast load) and global levels (i.e., response of the structural system to the blast-induced damage). Furthermore, the procedure is applied to a 2D RC frame structure. The novelty of the proposed procedure is that the global robustness is evaluated by the so-called “damage-presumption approach” where the considered damages are defined both in typology and extension depending on the blast scenario occurring at the local level. The dedicated local response analysis of a specified blast scenario leads to the proper definition of the so-called “blast-scenario dependent robustness curves”.
Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review
Authors: Beltaos Spyros , Burrell Brian C.
Published: September 2021

During the breakup of river ice covers, a greater potential for erosion occurs due to rising discharge and moving ice and the highly dynamic waves that form upon ice-jam release. Consequently, suspended-sediment concentrations can increase sharply and peak before the arrival of the peak flow. Large spikes in sediment concentrations occasionally occur during the passage of sharp waves resulting from releases of upstream ice jams and the ensuing ice runs. This is important, as river form and function (both geomorphologic and ecological) depend upon sediment erosion and deposition. Yet, sediment monitoring programs often overlook the higher suspended-sediment concentrations and loads that occur during the breakup period owing to data-collection difficulties in the presence of moving ice and ice jams. In this review paper, we introduce basics of river sediment erosion and transport and of relevant phenomena that occur during the breakup of river ice. Datasets of varying volume and detail on measured and inferred suspended-sediment concentrations during the breakup period on different rivers are reviewed and compared. Possible effects of river characteristics on seasonal sediment supply are discussed, and the implications of increased sediment supply are reviewed based on seasonal comparisons. The paper also reviews the environmental significance of increased sediment supply both on water quality and ecosystem functionality.
Evaluation of Vegetation Indices and Phenological Metrics Using Time-Series MODIS Data for Monitoring Vegetation Change in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Hu Pingbo , Sharifi Alireza , Tahir Muhammad Naveed , Tariq Aqil , Zhang Lili , Mumtaz Faisal , Shah Syed Hassan Iqbal Ahmad
Published: September 2021

In arid and semi-arid regions, it is essential to monitor the spatiotemporal variability and dynamics of vegetation. Among other provinces of Pakistan, Punjab has produced a significant number of crops. Recently, Punjab, Pakistan, has been described as a global hotspot for extremes of climate change. In this study, the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were comprehensively evaluated to monitor vegetation change in Punjab, Pakistan. The time-series MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data of different periods were used. The mean annual variability of the above vegetation indices (VIs) from 2000 to 2019 was evaluated and analyzed. For each type of vegetation, two phenological metrics (i.e., for the start of the season and end of the season) were calculated and compared. The spatio-temporal image analysis of the mean annual vegetation indices revealed similar patterns and varying vegetation conditions. In the forests and vegetation areas with sparse vegetation, the EVI showed high uncertainty. The phenological metrics of all vegetation indices were consistent for most types of vegetation. However, the NDVI result had the greatest variance between the start and end of season. The lowest annual VI variability was mainly observed in the southern part of the study area (less than 10% of the study area) based on the statistical analysis of spatial variability. The mean annual spatial variability of NDVI was <20%, SAVI was 30%, and EVI ranged between 10–20%. More than 40% of the variability was observed in the NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices.
Characteristics and Sources of Selected Halocarbon and Hydrocarbon Volatile Organic Compounds in Surface Water of the Han River Basin
Authors: Im Jong Kwon , Kim Sujin , Kim Young Seuk , Noh Hye Ran , Lee Young-Min , Yu Soon Ju
Published: September 2021

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous pollutants in surface water, which is the main source of drinking water in South Korea. We investigated the behavior (concentration, distribution, and environmental risk) of eleven selected VOCs in the surface water of the Han River tributaries using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The average concentration of VOCs was 0.29 ± 0.47 μg/L. Chloroform and trichloroethylene (TCE) were the major pollutants, accounting for approximately 64.2% and 25.6% of the total concentration, respectively, and showing that halocarbons accounted for 94%. Chloroform was positively correlated with TCE and xylenes, and TCE was positively correlated with tetrachloroethylene (PCE). No differences were observed in the temporal average concentrations of total VOCs, but the concentrations differed significantly among sub-watershed areas. The Imjin-Hantan River, Han River mainstream, and Anseong Stream watersheds had a high positive association with TCE, whereas the Bukhan and Namhan River watersheds had a strong positive link with chloroform. The contamination and detection frequency of VOCs were highest in industrial complexes, followed by urban and rural areas. Thus, point source pollution significantly contributed to VOC contamination of these tributaries. Risk quotients for most VOCs were <1, suggesting negligible risk. Considering the relatively high occurrence of VOCs and their potential ecological risks, continuous environmental monitoring and study of environmental impacts based on ecotoxicity studies of domestic aquatic species are warranted.
Enhanced Water Age Performance Assessment in Distribution Networks
Authors: Monteiro Laura , Algarvio Ricardo , Covas Dídia
Published: September 2021

Water age is frequently used as a surrogate for water quality in distribution networks and is often included in modelling and optimisation studies, though there are no reference values or standard performance functions for assessing the network behaviour regarding water age. This paper presents a novel methodology for obtaining enhanced system-specific water age performance assessment functions, tailored for each distribution network. The methodology is based on the establishment of relationships between the chlorine concentration at the sampling nodes and simulated water age. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through application to two water distribution systems in winter and summer seasons. Obtained results show a major improvement in comparison with those obtained by published performance functions, since the water age limits of the performance functions used herein are tailored to the analysed networks. This demonstrates that the development of network-specific water age performance functions is a powerful tool for more robustly and reliably defining water age goals and evaluating the system behaviour under different operating conditions.
Corrections of Precipitation Particle Size Distribution Measured by a Parsivel OTT2 Disdrometer under Windy Conditions in the Antisana Massif, Ecuador
Authors: Gualco Luis Felipe , Campozano Lenin , Maisincho Luis , Robaina Leandro , Muñoz Luis , Ruiz-Hernández Jean Carlos , Villacís Marcos , Condom Thomas
Published: September 2021

Monitoring precipitation in mountainous areas using traditional tipping-bucket rain gauges (TPB) has become challenging in sites with strong variations of air temperature and wind speed (Ws). The drop size distributions (DSD), amount, and precipitation-type of a Parsivel OTT2 disdrometer installed at 4730 m above sea level (close to the 0 °C isotherm) in the glacier foreland of the Antisana volcano in Ecuador are used to analyze the precipitation type. To correct the DSDs, we removed spurious particles and shifted fall velocities such that the mean value matches with the fall velocity–diameter relationship of rain, snow, graupel, and hail. Solid (SP) and liquid precipitation (LP) were identified through −1 and 3 °C thresholds and then grouped into low, medium, and high Ws categories by k-means approach. Changes in DSDs were tracked using concentration spectra and particle’s contribution by diameter and fall velocity. Thus, variations of concentration/dispersion and removed hydrometeors were linked with Ws changes. Corrected precipitation, assuming constant density (1 g cm−3), gives reliable results for LP with respect to measurements at TPB and overestimates SP measured in disdrometer. Therefore, corrected precipitation varying density models achieved fewer differences. These results are the first insight toward the understating of precipitation microphysics in a high-altitude site of the tropical Andes.
Stringency of Water Conservation Determines Drinking Water Quality Trade-Offs: Lessons Learned from a Full-Scale Water Distribution System
Authors: Hatam Fatemeh , Ebacher Gabrielle , Prévost Michèle
Published: September 2021

Demand variations over time affect the hydraulic and water quality behavior of water distribution systems. Therefore, it is important to assess the network performance under various future water demand scenarios to plan effectively for demand management strategies, considering the network’s topology, volume, and operational conditions. The performance of a full-scale water distribution system is evaluated by means of hydraulic and water quality simulations under different hypothetical demand management strategies. Residential and nonresidential consumptions are varied, resulting in different global multiplicative factors (from 0.53 to 1.18). Criteria including water loss, velocity, water age, free chlorine, and THMs are selected to compare the performance of the network between the current scenario and eight demand scenarios. Water conservation generally increases nodal water age values more in smaller diameter pipes. A nodal chlorine residual reliability index is proposed to account for the duration of low chlorine residuals. With a goal of maintaining a reference free chlorine concentration of ≥0.2 mg/L, the reliability index is less than 0.9 for about 14% of nodes under the reference scenario and this proportion increases to 34% of nodes under the most extreme future water conservation scenario. The robustness of the studied network under different water conservation scenarios is tested by increasing the chlorine residual at the outlet of the WTPs from 1 to 2 mg/L. This is an easily implemented adjustment and dramatically improves the chlorine reliability (<0.9 at only 15% of the nodes), even for the most extreme future water conservation scenario. However, this reliability comes at the cost of higher yet compliant THM concentrations for the low demand scenarios, revealing the challenges of balancing competing water quality goals. With a goal of maintaining a reference level of THMs at ≤80 ug/L, the THM reliability index is ≥0.9 at almost all nodes even under the most extreme conservation scenario. The evaluation of self-cleaning potential velocities shows that sufficient velocities can only be reached at daily maximum flow in 5% of smaller diameter piping even in the reference scenario.
Shift towards Opportunistic Life-History of Sleeper in Response to Multi-Decadal Overfishing
Authors: Xiang Miao , Rypel Andrew L. , Cheng Fei , Qin Jiao , Zhang Lei , Chen Yushun , Xie Songguang
Published: September 2021

Understanding long-term changes in life-history traits is central to assessing and managing freshwater fisheries. In this study, we explored how life-history traits have shifted in association with long-term change in population status for a native fish species (freshwater sleeper, Odontobutis sinensis, a by-catch species of shrimp traps) in the middle Yangtze lakes, China. We assessed the life-history traits of the species from Honghu Lake in 2016, where abundance had been dramatically lower following about 60 years of high fishing pressure, and made comparisons to similar data from Liangzi Lake (1957), when fishing intensity was low and abundance was high, and Bao’an Lake (1993–1994), when about 10 years of intense exploitation had occurred and abundance had greatly declined. Modern Honghu Lake sleeper exhibit life-history traits that are substantially more opportunistic compared to both of the historical populations. Modern fish were larger at age-1 and had significantly faster growth rates, a higher prevalence of sexually mature individuals and increased fecundities. Fish from the historical samples were larger and had higher age class diversity and delayed sexual maturation. Combined, the data suggest that faster growth towards early sexual maturation and reduced body sizes are associated with destabilized populations and ecosystems. Similar life-history patterns are common in other declined fish populations under exploitation. Recovering historic fish life-history dynamics requires conservation management policies aimed at reducing harvest and improving floodplain habitats.
Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Using Principal Component Analysis: An Empirical Study in Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhuang Zhicheng , Liu Hsin-Lung , Shiau Yan-Chyuan
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of urbanization, problems such as the tight supply and demand of water resources and the pollution of the water environment have become increasingly prominent, and the pressure on the carrying capacity of water resources has gradually increased. In order to better promote the sustainable development of cities, it is extremely important to coordinate the relationship between water resources and economic society. This study analyzed the current research status of water resources carrying capacity from two aspects, i.e., research perspective and research methodology, established an innovative evaluation system, and used the principal component analysis to analyze the water resources carrying capacity in Huai’an City, an important city in China’s Huaihe River Ecological Economic Zone. Based on the results, it is found that the water resources carrying capacity of Huai’an City has been declining year by year from 2013 to 2019. Based on the evaluation results, suggestions and measures to improve the water resources carrying capacity of the empirical city are proposed to provide an important decision basis for the coordinated development of urban economy, society, and water resources.
Promoting Water Efficiency and Hydrocitizenship in Young People’s Learning about Drought Risk in a Temperate Maritime Country
Authors: Jones Verity , Whitehouse Sarah , McEwen Lindsey , Williams Sara , Gorell Barnes Luci
Published: September 2021

Engaging young citizens with drought risk and positive water behaviours is essential in domestic water demand management within the wider climate crisis. This paper evaluates a new research-informed, picture book—‘DRY: The Diary of a Water Superhero’—that explores UK drought. The book’s development was underpinned by research within the Drought Risk and You (DRY) project. The book’s concept and storyline were co-produced by an interdisciplinary team, including a creative practitioner. This focused on key themes: drought definitions and types; drought myths; adaptation and young people’s (YP) agency. Characters and storyline were co-created to promote YP’s autonomy as change agents, and to encourage intergenerational and community learning. This paper evaluates the book from three perspectives: of YP, trainee teachers (TT) and teachers. Emergent themes are triangulated: drought as a sensitive issue, subject knowledge and changes in behaviour, and YP’s misconceptions about drought and place. TT also contemplated their improved subject knowledge and barriers to engaging with positive water behaviours. Teachers reflected on classroom use of the book, prior experiences about teaching drought, curriculum context and st/age of YP engaged. This paper reflects on how these insights feed into school practice and water industry outreach, in developing effective learning resources that promote a valuing of water, behaviour change and wider hydrocitizenship among YP and their communities.
Research on Dual-Phase Non-Salient Pole Receiver for EV Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Zhao Fandan , Jiang Jinhai , Cui Shumei , Zhu Chunbo , Chan C. C.
Published: September 2021

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology shows a vast development prospect for EV application, with advantages of reducing the demand for battery capacity and improving the user experience. However, the need to improve output performance leads to a challenge in receiver design with limited space and allowable load on the EV side. In this paper, a design of a dual-phase non-salient pole (NSP) receiver for the EV DWPT system with bipolar transmitter is proposed, aiming at providing a solution to the contradiction between reducing the volume or cost and improving the misalignment tolerance of the receiver. The coupling principle of the proposed receiver is analyzed. The structure parameters are optimized by the finite-element simulation method. Combined with specific design indexes, it is proven by comparison with the existing dual-phase receiver that the proposed receiver is 35.4% smaller in volume and needs 47.0% shorter wires. Moreover, the significant advantage of the proposed dual-phase NSP receiver in misalignment tolerance is verified by simulations and experimental comparisons.
Thermal Performance of Lithium Titanate Oxide Anode Based Battery Module under High Discharge Rates
Authors: Liu Zehui , Gao Yinghui , Chen Hongtao , Wang Chu , Sun Yaohong , Yan Ping
Published: September 2021

A lithium titanate oxide (LTO) anode based battery has high power density, and it is widely applied in transportation and energy storage systems. However, the thermal performance of LTO anode based battery module is seldom studied. In this work, a heat generation theoretical model of the battery is explored. The thermal performance of LTO anode based battery modules under high discharge rates is studied by both experiment and simulation. It is found that the temperature rise of the battery can be estimated accurately with the calculation of the equivalent internal resistance under different discharge rates. In addition, under the same depth of discharge, both the temperature rise and the temperature difference in the battery module increase with the discharge rates.
Integration of a Model Predictive Control with a Fast Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Powertrain of a Connected and Automated Vehicle
Authors: Landolfi Enrico , Minervini Francesco Junior , Minervini Nicola , De Bellis Vincenzo , Malfi Enrica , Natale Ciro
Published: September 2021

In the years to come, Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are expected to substantially improve the road safety and environmental impact of the road transport sector. The information from the sensors installed on the vehicle has to be properly integrated with data shared by the road infrastructure (smart road) to realize vehicle control, which preserves traffic safety and fuel/energy efficiency. In this context, the present work proposes a real-time implementation of a control strategy able to handle simultaneously motion and hybrid powertrain controls. This strategy features a cascade of two modules, which were implemented through the model-based design approach in MATLAB/Simulink. The first module is a Model Predictive Control (MPC) suitable for any Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) architecture, acting as a high-level controller featuring an intermediate layer between the vehicle powertrain and the smart road. The MPC handles both the lateral and longitudinal vehicle dynamics, acting on the wheel torque and steering angle at the wheels. It is based on a simplified, but complete ego-vehicle model, embedding multiple functionalities such as an adaptive cruise control, lane keeping system, and emergency electronic brake. The second module is a low-level Energy Management Strategy (EMS) of the powertrain realized by a novel and computationally light approach, which is based on the alternative vehicle driving by either a thermal engine or electric unit, named the Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy (ETESS). The MPC provides the ETESS with a torque request handled by the EMS module, aiming at minimizing the fuel consumption. The MPC and ETESS ran on the same Microcontroller Unit (MCU), and the methodology was verified and validated by processor-in-the-loop tests on the ST Microelectronics board NUCLEO-H743ZI2, simulating on a PC-host the smart road environment and a car-following scenario. From these tests, the ETESS resulted in being 15-times faster than than the well-assessed Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). Furthermore, the execution time of both the ETESS and MPC was lower than the typical CAN cycle time for the torque request and steering angle (10 ms). Thus, the obtained result can pave the way to the implementation of additional real-time control strategies, including decision-making and motion-planning modules (such as path-planning algorithms and eco-driving strategies).
Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in a Perchloric Acid Solution: Effect of Structural Size
Authors: Benchadli Abbes , Attar Tarik , Messaoudi Boulanouar , Choukchou-Braham Esma
Published: September 2021

Polymers are materials composed of macromolecules characterized by duplicates of smaller molecules that are covalently bonded together to provide a set of properties. Corrosion inhibition by such compounds is usually attributed to their adsorption on the metal-solution interface. The inhibition effect of different sizes of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the corrosion of carbon steel (C-steel) in solutions of perchloric acid was investigated. The inhibition efficiency increases as the size of the inhibitor and its concentration increases, but decreases as the temperature increases and can reach a value of 81.53% and 5.0x10^-3 mol L^-1(PVP: 58,000 g mol^-1) at 30°C. The most remarkable inhibition efficiency was confirmed by the presence of the film formed on the metal surface by scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion of C-steel and adsorption of the inhibitor were determined and discussed. The combination of PVP with potassium iodide produced a strong synergistic effect on the inhibition of C-steel corrosion leading to a significant improvement in the inhibition efficiency. Quantum chemical parameters were studied using density functional theory to determine the possible relationship between the inhibitor and its electronic properties.
Modelling of the Pyrolysis Zone of a Downdraft Gasification Reactor
Authors: Kákonyi Márta , Bárkányi Ágnes , Chován Tibor , Németh Sándor
Published: September 2021

The increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing challenge that current waste-treatment practices are having to face. Therefore, technologies that can prevent waste from ending up in landfill sites have come to the fore. One of the technologies that produces a valuable product from waste, namely synthesis gas, is gasification. The raw material of this technology is the so-called Refuse-Derived Fuel, which is made from MSW. Three separate zones are located in downdraft gasification reactors: the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones. This work is concerned with the determination of kinetic parameters in the pyrolysis zone. It also discusses the estimation of the product composition of this zone, which defines the raw material of the following zone.
Influence of Mineral Composition in Natural Granite Rocks on Microhardness
Authors: Kelemen-Cserta Eszter , Gyurika István Gábor
Published: September 2021

Granites are becoming increasingly popular and, as a result, their areas of use are expanding. In addition to their colour and particle size, the surface roughness of the machined material is becoming an important aspect of their application. In order to create a suitable surface roughness, the type of rocks located on the surface, elemental composition and microhardness of the minerals are important, because knowledge of these characteristics can be used to determine the machining parameters. Microhardness is affected by the atomic percentage values of Si, Al and Na. In addition, for some minerals, a correlation can also be established between the Si, Al and Na components.
Rendimiento del trigo cv. ‘centenario’ bajo diferentes densidades de siembra en un sistema de riego presurizado
Authors: Solis Rosas Diaz Luis Felipe , Tejada Soraluz Jorge , Jiménez Dávalo Jorge
Published: September 2021

El  experimento  se  llevó  a  cabo  en  la provincia  y  departamento  de  Ica,  Perú (costa  central)  bajo  un  sistema  de  riego presurizado, en el cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum  ssp.  aestivum)  cv.  ‘centenario’, en  la  cual  hay  mucha  área  bajo  riego con agua de alta salinidad, el trigo por su resistencia a la alta salinidad del agua es una alternativa viable. Se utilizó el Diseño de  Bloques  Completamente  al  Azar  con arreglo   factorial,   con   9   tratamientos y  4  repeticiones.  Aplicando  2  factores, distanciamiento   entre   semillas   (S)   S0.5 cm, S1.0 cm y S2.0 cm y número de líneas (L) L2, L4 y L6. Para la comparación de medias se utilizó la prueba Duncan al 0.05 de significancia. En todas las  variables  en el análisis de varianza no se obtuvo significancia en la interacción entre los factores S y L. En rendimiento por ha-1 con el distanciamiento entre semillas a 1.0 cm y 2.0 cm (S1 y S2) se obtuvo 11513.89 y 11044.44 kg por ha-1  respectivamente  y con cuatro líneas de trigo (L4) se obtuvo 12343.75. El  mayor  número  de  espigas  por  m-2  se obtuvo al sembrar entre semillas con 0.5 cm y 1.0 cm con 681.42 y 653.33 espigas por m-2. Con 4 y 6 líneas se obtuvo 727.67 y  693.50  espigas  por  m-2.  Para  obtener los  mejores  rendimientos  y  economizar semillas se debe emplear los factores S2 y L4. El mayor número de espigas por m-2 se obtuvo con los factores S0.5, S1.0, L4 y L6.
Suplementación de cromo sobre concentraciones séricas de glucosa, cortisol e insulina en equinos deportistas
Authors: Pazmiño Galarza Fernando , Romero Celleri Lenin , Grijalva Olmedo Jorge , Aragón Vázquez Eduardo
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar como la suplementación de cromo afecta el rendimiento de caballos deportivos, se evaluó los posibles efectos de dos fuentes de suplementos de cromo orgánico en caballos atléticos. Se evaluaron 15 equinos deportivos, raza Argentina Saddle, de 12  a 15 años, alimentados con concentrado, pasto de centeno y heno de alfalfa. Fueron divididos en tres grupos experimentales:i)  el  grupo  de  control  recibió  dieta basal sin suplementación, ii) dieta basal suplementada con 20 mg de cromo en forma de levadura enriquecida por  30 días; y iii) dieta basal suplementada con 20 mg de cromo en forma de tripicolinato de cromo por 30 días. Después, se realizó una   prueba   submáxima    de   esfuerzo y posterior una evaluación de niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, cortisol e insulina. El análisis estadístico del nivel de glucosa no mostró diferencias significativas para ninguno de los tratamientos (P> 0.05), pre y post ejercicio. El cortisol plasmático fue similar entre el  tratamiento  pre-ejercicio, la levadura enriquecida con cromo y el cromo orgánico, disminuyeron el nivel de cortisol en sangre post ejercicio (P <0,05). La concentración plasmática de  insulina se vio influenciada por la suplementación con cromo después del ejercicio intensivo, los resultados demostraron que el  nivel de insulina en sangre fue mayor en los caballos que no recibieron suplementación (P <0.01) en comparación con los grupos que recibieron suplementación de cromo. La suplementación con cromo orgánico en caballos deportivos no modificó la glucosa plasmática, pero si la concentración sanguínea de cortisol e insulina.
Entre os destroços do presente
Authors: Arantes Paulo Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Refletindo no olho do furacão daquela que é possivelmente a “mais grave crise da nossa história nacional”, Paulo Arantes tateia os escombros de uma “tempestade perfeita” na tentativa de atinar com as coisas novas e ruins do novo tempo brasileiro. Mais do que jogar luz sobre os argumentos desenvolvidos em O novo tempo do mundo, que acabara de ser lançado, estas quatro entrevistas (e meia) realizadas entre 2014 e 2015 colocam em movimento as categorias e os motes do livro para fechar um diagnóstico de todo um ciclo desmoronando em tempo real. Na contramão do bom e velho progressismo do qual a esquerda tornou-se quase indistinguível, ele insiste que o que se desfazia naquele momento decisivo não era um horizonte em expansão mas, o que ocorria de fato, era a confirmação agravada de um brutal estreitamento de expectativas que vinha se aprofundando nas últimas décadas. É que a derrocada de nosso meio século de modernização desenvolvimentista e o ingresso na nova era mundial de expectativas decrescentes coincidiu, para nós, com a euforia do processo de saída da Ditadura. Vistas dessa perspectiva, as duas décadas de governos tucanos e petistas só poderiam ser lidas mesmo em bloco, como parte de uma mesma engenhoca de estancamento emergencial da desintegração social. Sem deixar de notar, entre outras coisas, o fato no mínimo curioso de que o neoliberalismo aqui é uma invenção de esquerda, Arantes não perde de vista o disparate maior de que, nesse regime presentista de horizontes rebaixados, política passa a ser sinônimo de mera gestão – no caso, da barbárie. Por isso, não é de se espantar que foi na antipolítica que eclodiu nas ruas de Junho de 2013 que reapareceu aquela dimensão essencial de encaminhamento de expectativas humanas. Aliás, lembra Paulo, é essa também a chave para compreender a novidade da direita insurgente que não por acaso começa a mostrar os dentes aqui.
(Resenha de Artur Renzo)
Palavras-chave: impeachment; Dilma Rousseff; Lula; petismo; Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT); PSDB; PSOL; Direitos Humanos; Junho de 2013; nova direita; presentismo; Novo Tempo do Mundo; expectativas decrescentes; punitivismo; gestão; Copa do Mundo; Wolfgang Streeck; Loïc Wacquant; crise; espera; tempo; política; Ditadura; Golpe; 1964; desenvolvimentismo; progressismo; polarização; guerras culturais
GESTÃO E ORGANIZAÇÃO DE EVENTO ACADÊMICO ONLINE NO CURSO DE MEDICINA COMO FERRAMENTA DE ATUALIZAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Hoffmann Lucas Ventura , Ciorcero Natalia Martelotti , de Almeida Vitor Gouveia , Zilles Andressa , Zem Franciely , Marques Camila Moraes
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Frente à nova realidade da SARS-COV-2 e a mudança no binômio ensino-aprendizagem, a organização de eventos científicos online é uma forma de disseminar conhecimento neste período atípico. Relato da experiência: Nove ligas acadêmicas de cirurgia organizaram um evento científico para promover palestras com temas importantes à área cirúrgica, e tamanha relevância justifica-se pelo número de inscritos (2591 inscrições). Discussão: A organização de eventos envolvendo estudantes de diferentes instituições aprimora a formação e vivência acadêmica, bem como o trabalho em equipe. O número representativo de inscrições exigiu tomadas de decisões assertivas e uma grande interação entre as diretorias das ligas acadêmicas. Tais vivências contribuem para formação do “currículo oculto”, no que diz respeito às habilidades de comunicação, organização e adaptação. Considerações finais: Mais de 95% dos participantes avaliaram o evento como extremamente organizado ou muito organizado, enquanto que os 3,4% restantes consideraram a jornada um pouco organizada ou não tão organizada, demonstrando o sucesso do evento. Além disso, a jornada cruzou fronteiras nacionais, chegando a atingir diversos países da América Latina.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENGINE RUNNING ON THE PERIOD OF ENGINE OIL CHANGE
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F. Morozov, Popov D.A. , Kadirmetov A.M. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Gurin D.Yu. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Terekhina I.V. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Published: September 2021

The relationship between the engine operating time when a car is moving at the same distance along a city street with different traffic loads and on a highway is given. On the basis of experimental studies, a justification is given for the need to adjust the oil change frequency depending on the engine operating time.
METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF OIL, GAS, CONDENSATE AND WATER AT THE KARACHAGANAK DEPOSIT
Authors: Гребнев П.С. , Вдовин Д.Ю. , Миксонов М.Г. , Цуров М.Б.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается методология анализа физико-химических свойств и состава нефти, газа, конденсата и воды, а также применяемые методы увеличения нефтеотдачи, такие как тепловые, газовые и физические. Представлен отбор и PVT-исследования проб пластового флюида.

The article discusses the methodology for analyzing the physical and chemical properties and composition of oil, gas, condensate and water, as well as the applied methods of enhanced oil recovery, such as thermal, gas and physical. The selection and PVT-studies of reservoir fluid samples are presented.
STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF CELLULAR CONCRETE BASED ON MIXED BINDER
Authors: Каршыга Г.О. , Сарсенбаев Н.Б. , Каршыгаев Р.О. , Сауганова Г.Р. , Ауесбек С.Т.
Published: September 2021

Разработка смешанных вяжущих, комплексных порообразователей и технологии производства неавтоклавных ячеистых бетонов на их основе является актуальным в плане поиска путей повышения эксплуатационных свойств и технологичности производства указанного материала. Целью данной работы является разработка составов сухой строительной смеси для неавтоклавных ячеистых бетонов.

The development of mixed binders, complex poro-educators and technologies for the production of nonautoclaved cellular concretes based on them is relevant in terms of finding ways to improve the operational properties and manufacturability of the production of this material. The purpose of this work is to develop dry mix compositions for non-autoclaved cellular concrete.
PROSPECTS OF PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS WITH DIVERSIFICATION OF DIRECTIONS OF PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS
Authors: Айсунгуров Н.Д. , Эльмурзаев А.А.
Published: September 2021

В статье приводятся аналитические данные по эффективности диверсификации процессов переработки сырья агропромышленного комплекса, указана необходимость модернизации промышленного оборудования, в соответствии с развитием современных технологий в области цифровизации промышленных процессов переработки сырья. Также приведен сравнительный анализ курдючного жира относительно бараньего и говяжьего жира. Показана эффективность переработки животного жира, с последующим гранулированием, после предварительного копчения на опытной установке и целесообразность гранулирования в плане удобства пользования для потребителя.

The article provides analytical data on the efficiency of diversification of the processing of raw materials in the agro-industrial complex, indicates the need to modernize industrial equipment, in accordance with the development of modern technologies in the field of digitalization of industrial processes for processing raw materials. A comparative analysis of fat tail fat versus lamb and beef fat is also provided. The efficiency of animal fat processing, followed by granulation, after preliminary smoking in a pilot plant, and the feasibility of granulation in terms of ease of use for the consumer are shown.
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF NOGAYS OF THE PERIOD OF NOMADIC CATTLE BREEDING
Authors: Канокова Ф.Ю.
Published: September 2021

В настоящем исследовании рассматриваются особенности вернакулярной архитектуры ногайцев. Выделяется культурно-бытовой комплекс, характерный для скотоводческо-кочевой формы производственно-хозяйственной деятельности этноса. На примере неразборных юрт «отав» и сборно-разборных юрт «терме» выявляются технологические и художественно-конструктивные особенности внешней и внутренней структуры каждого типа и подтипа мобильного жилища, а также архитектурного комплекса в целом.

This study examines the features of the vernacular architecture of the Nogai. The cultural and household complex, characteristic of the pastoral-nomadic form of production and economic activity of the ethnos, is distinguished. On the example of non-collapsible yurts «otav» and collapsibleyurts «terme», technological and artistic-constructive features of the external and internal structure of each type and subtype of a mobile dwelling and the architectural complex as a whole are revealed.
COMPARATIVE TESTS OF LOCAL AND TRANSPORTED LARGE AGGREGATE FOR COMPRESSION STRENGTH IN CONCRETE OF DIFFERENT CLASSES
Authors: Муртазаева Т.С-А. , Сайдумов М.С. , Джандаров А.Ш. , Абдрахманова Д.Х-Б.
Published: September 2021

Результаты сравнительных испытаний местного и привозного крупного заполнителя на прочность при сжатии в бетонах разных классов. Проанализирован характер разрушения бетона. Представлены некоторые пути решения проблемы обогащения крупного заполнителя.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-48-200001.

Results of comparative tests of local and imported coarse aggregate for compressive strength in concretes of different classes. The nature of concrete destruction is analyzed. Some ways of solving the problem of coarse aggregate enrichment are presented.This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in scientific project No. 18-48-200001.
ЕНДОКРИННІ ЗМІНИ В КЛІМАКТЕРІЇ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН КІСТКОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ
Authors: Пилипчук І.С. , Флуд В.В. , Петришин З.Я.
Published: September 2021

Мета дослідження. Провести аналіз наукової літера- тури та дати узагальнену характеристику впливу ендо- кринних змін у клімактерії на функціональний стан кіст- кової тканини. Методи дослідження. Проведено аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій, що присвячені про- блемі остеопорозу та змінам кісткової системи. Визна- чено основні тенденції впливу остеопоротичних змін на розвиток стоматологічних проблем та патології кістково-м’язевої системи. Наукова новизна. Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі сьогодення – клімакте- рій, остеопороз та зміни в кістковій системі. Остео- пороз – поширене системне захворювання скелета, яке характеризується зменшенням кісткової маси і пору- шенням структури кісткової тканини. Часто пацієнти з остеопорозом стають інвалідами та потребують стороннього догляду та значних матеріальних затрат. Висновки. Остеопороз – поліетіологічне системне захворювання кісткової тканини, що характеризу- ється зниженням кісткової маси і погіршенням стану будови кістки та підвищеної її крихкості. Це захворю- вання має важливе соціально-економічне значення в усіх країнах світу через великі витрати на лікування таких пацієнтів та високу інвалідизацію. Порушення стану кісткової тканини в клімактерії та кісткового мета- болізму зумовлюють низку стоматологічних проблем: патологію тканин пародонта, втрату зубів, складнощі протезування та нестабільність зубних протезів через остеопоротичні зміни щелеп, але механізми цих пору- шень, пов’язаних зі змінами біохімічних процесів і гормо- нального статусу, недостатньо вивчені та потребують подальшого дослідження.
КЛІНІЧНА ОЦІНКА СТАНУ СКЛОІОНОМЕРНИХ ВІДНОВЛЕНЬ ЗУБІВ ІЗ ПРИШИЙКОВИМИ УРАЖЕННЯМИ
Authors: Удод О.А. , Вороніна Г.С. , Єфімова О.О.
Published: September 2021

Мета дослідження – ретроспективна оцінка клініч- ного та естетичного стану пришийкових відновлень зубів різних груп, виконаних з склоіономерних цемент- них матеріалів. Методи дослідження. Обстежено 107 пацієнтів віком від 23 до 47 років, у яких було оглянуто загалом 197 прямих відновлень фронталь- них та бічних зубів, раніше виконаних зі склоіономер- них цементів у різні строки. Результати. Загалом у 174 пришийкових відновленнях (88,3%) була виявлена шорсткість поверхні матеріалу з втратою блиску, у 162 реставраціях (82,2%) визначена кольорова невід- повідність твердим тканинам зубів. Найрозповсю- дженішими дефектами за клінічними критеріями виявилися порушення крайового прилягання цементу, яке було встановлено у 156 відновленнях (79,2%), та крайове забарвлення, що було виявлено у 124 рес- тавраціях (62,9%). Висновки. Клінічна проблема від- новлення зубів з пришийковими каріозними та некарі- озними ураженнями дотепер залишається не до кінця вирішеною.