bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest-Based and Semiparametric Methods for the Postprocessing of Rainfall Ensemble Forecasting
Authors: Taillardat Maxime , Fougères Anne-Laure , Naveau Philippe , Mestre Olivier
Published: March 2019

To satisfy a wide range of end users, rainfall ensemble forecasts have to be skillful for both low precipitation and extreme events. We introduce local statistical postprocessing methods based on quantile regression forests and gradient forests with a semiparametric extension for heavy-tailed distributions. These hybrid methods make use of the forest-based outputs to fit a parametric distribution that is suitable to model jointly low, medium, and heavy rainfall intensities. Our goal is to improve ensemble quality and value for all rainfall intensities. The proposed methods are applied to daily 51-h forecasts of 6-h accumulated precipitation from 2012 to 2015 over France using the Météo-France ensemble prediction system called Prévision d’Ensemble ARPEGE (PEARP). They are verified with a cross-validation strategy and compete favorably with state-of-the-art methods like analog ensemble or ensemble model output statistics. Our methods do not assume any parametric links between the variables to calibrate and possible covariates. They do not require any variable selection step and can make use of more than 60 predictors available such as summary statistics on the raw ensemble, deterministic forecasts of other parameters of interest, or probabilities of convective rainfall. In addition to improvements in overall performance, hybrid forest-based procedures produced the largest skill improvements for forecasting heavy rainfall events.
Health Care Experiences of Transgender Binary and Nonbinary University Students
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Kuvalanka Katherine A. , Budge Stephanie L. , Benz Madeline B. , Smith JuliAnna Z.
Published: March 2019

An increasing number of young adults identify with nonbinary gender identities. Yet health providers and therapists often lack understanding of such identities. In this mixed-methods study of 506 transgender undergraduate and graduate students, most of whom (75%) had nonbinary gender identities, we aimed to understand participants’ mental health and health care experiences, and factors related to misgendering and less affirming treatment by providers. Eighty-five percent of participants reported mental health challenges, and named fear of violence and nonsupport as distal stressors. Experiences with therapists and health providers were mixed. Salient features of negative interactions were invalidation, avoidance, or overemphasis in regard to participants’ nonbinary identities. Participants viewed counseling services as more affirming than health services. Nonbinary students reported more misgendering by therapists and health providers, and less trans-affirming care by health service providers, compared to binary students. Undergraduate students reported more misgendering by therapists and health providers than graduate students.
Research on joining metal-ceramics composite Al/Al2O3 with Cu substrate using solder type Zn–In–Mg
Authors: Koleňák Roman , Kostolný Igor , Drápala Jaromír , Drienovský Marián , Sahul Martin
Published: March 2019

The study aimed at direct flux-free soldering of metal-ceramics composite (MMC) with a copper substrate. Soldering was performed with type Zn10In1Mg Zn-solder. The soldered joints were fabricated using power ultrasound. The solder used consists of a zinc matrix, while the solid solution (In) and MgZn2 phase were segregated on the grain boundaries. The soldered MMC joint is formed due to dissolution of the aluminium matrix in zinc solder. A new composite, composed of matrix consisting mainly of solid solution (Al) is thus formed. Moreover, there is also a solid solution present (In) and Cu3.2Zn0.7Al4.2 phase. The bond with copper substrate is formed due to interaction of Zn and Al from the solder at formation of two transient phases, namely Cu3.2Zn0.7Al4.2 and an unstable phase of Al(Cu,Zn)2. The average shear strength of combined joints of MMC/Cu is 16.5 MPa.
Electrospun iron and copper oxide fibers for virus retention applications
Authors: Schabikowski Mateusz , Cichoń Alicja , Németh Zoltán , Kubiak Władysław , Kata Dariusz , Graule Thomas
Published: March 2019

This work describes the fabrication of ceramic fibers by electrospinning based on iron(III) oxide or copper(II) oxide. The fibers were produced from organic salt/polymer precursors and transformed into pure ceramic materials by firing. The fibers were designed to remove negatively charged viruses from drinking water. The obtained ceramic fibers were characterized by diameters of 0.23 ± 0.10 μm and 0.17 ± 0.06 μm for iron- and copper-based fibers, respectively. The performance of 0.100 g of fibers in the removal of MS2 bacteriophages in batch adsorption experiments reached log reduction values of 1.70 and 0.44 after 5 min and 10 min of contact time for iron(III) oxide and copper(II) oxide fibers, respectively.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding breast and cervical cancer among women in western Turkey
Authors: Korkut Yasemin
Published: March 2019

Objective

We aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast and cervical cancer and screening methods among women living western Turkey.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was administered to women aged ≥21 years. Data were collected using a 12-item questionnaire measuring women's knowledge, attitudes, and practice levels, including among participants who were health workers.

Results

A total 668 women were included in the study. The average age was 37.48 ± 11.85 years. Most women had a primary-level education (43.4%) and most (50.3%) were homemakers; 27.1% of participants were health care workers. The differences in age, education, and occupation among participants were evaluated according to whether participants perform breast self-examination and have undergone Pap testing. The distribution of women according to age group showed that with increased age, the frequency of performing these two behaviors decreased, with women over 55 years old accounting for a significantly higher proportion than other age groups.

Conclusions

In our study, the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding breast and cervical cancers among women was similar to that in previous studies and was higher than expected, especially among women who were health workers. However, all women had inadequate frequency of performing screening tests.
Design and Evaluation of an Intelligent Dilemma-Zone Protection System for a High-Speed Rural Intersection
Authors: Chang Gang-Len , Franz Mark L. , Liu Yue , Lu Yang (Carl) , Tao Ruihua
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a dilemma-zone protection system that uses dynamic detection technology to track individual vehicles as they approach an intersection of interest. A high-speed rural intersection in Maryland experiencing a high crash frequency was selected for system installation and evaluation. Data were collected from three sensors designed specifically for tracking individual vehicles and deployed along the target approach. The sensors were used in real time to control the signal logic and provided green or all-red extensions when the predefined parameters of detected vehicles were met. A field test was conducted to evaluate the performance of the system design and the effectiveness of the associated parameters. The data analysis included the identification of falsely called red extensions (related to efficiency) and missed red extensions (related to safety) to assess the overall performance of the newly installed system. The field observation results indicate that the newly designed dynamic dilemma-zone protection system using an all-red extension offers distinct advantages over traditional systems by providing additional protection to highspeed vehicles even when they are in the “cannot go” zone and make an incorrect decision to go.
Estimating Traffic Volume for Local Streets with Imbalanced Data
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Songhua , Shen Qing , Lin Hangfei , Xie Chi
Published: March 2019

Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is an important measurement used in traffic engineering. Local streets are major components of a road network. However, automatic traffic recorders (ATRs) used to collect AADT are often limited to arterial roads, and such information is, therefore, often unavailable for local streets. Estimating AADT on local streets becomes a necessity as local street traffic continues to grow and the capacity of arterial roads becomes insufficient. A challenge is that an under-represented sample of local street AADT may result in biased estimation. A synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is applied to oversample local streets to correct the imbalanced sampling among different road types. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is employed to estimate AADT incorporating various independent variables, including factors of roadway design, socio-demographics, and land use. The model is examined with an AADT dataset from Seattle, WA. Results show that: (1) SMOTE helps to correct imbalanced sampling proportions and improve model performance significantly; (2) the number of lanes and the number of crosswalks are both positively associated with AADT; (3) road segments located in areas with a higher population density or more mixed land use have a higher AADT; (4) distance to the nearest arterial road is negatively correlated with AADT; and (5) AADT creates spatial spillover effects on neighboring road segments. The combination of SMOTE and GLMM improves the estimation accuracy on AADT, which contributes to better data for transportation planning and traffic monitoring, and to cost saving on data collection.
Comparative Assessment of Industrial Classification Systems for Modeling Freight Production and Freight Trip Production
Authors: Pani Agnivesh , Sahu Prasanta K.
Published: March 2019

Freight demand models typically employ a priori classification systems for dividing establishments into hypothetically complementary groups with homogeneous patterns in freight production (FP) and freight trip production (FTP). Although an attractive and popular notion, the assumption of homogeneity within these a priori industrial classes is reductive in nature and is not yet tested in literature. This research examines this hypothesis and explores the possibility of a data-driven segmentation by examining the relationships between FP/FTP patterns and prevalent a priori classes; subsequently, it creates homogeneous ensembles of a posteriori segments through aggregation. This research labels, explains, and interprets these novel segments using commodity value density of industrial classes. The alternate segmentation schemes are compared in their ability to predict FP and FTP and it is found that: (i) industrial classification systems (NAICS, ISIC) perform significantly better than product classification systems (ASICC); (ii) a considerable portion of variability in FTP does not depend on employment predictor due to the underlying influence of shipment size; (iii) an a posteriori segmentation scheme considering shipment size may represent an effective middle ground for developing both FP and FTP models in freight demand model systems. Adoption of these novel segments of the freight travel market has the potential to reduce the sample size requirements of freight demand model systems and minimize the financial necessities for future freight surveys.
The Impact of Administrative Decisions on Implementation Fidelity of Direct Instruction and Student Achievement
Authors: Stockard Jean
Published: March 2019

This article examined the extent to which administrative decisions that affected the implementation fidelity of Direct Instruction programs were related to student achievement. Data from three studies showed that administrative decisions that disregarded recommended protocols regarding teacher training, teacher preparation, and student schedules were related to lower levels of teacher fidelity, student progress at mastery, and student achievement. Most results were statistically significant and had large associated effect sizes. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Marginalization as creative endeavour
Authors: Nedilsky Lida V. , Lee Joseph Tse-Hei
Published: March 2019

Creative work is best understood as a process of getting lost. Scholarly work is a creative endeavour. And an endeavour requires total attention. On a superficial level, total attention is a demonstration of scholarly seriousness and discipline. On a deeper level, total attention is a necessary effort for successful scholarship. Yet, do we as scholars see getting lost as a necessary precondition for total attention? The authors whose works are showcased in this special issue of China Information add to our appreciation of marginalization as creative endeavour. They do so by means of scholarship highlighting the creation of marginal existence through the application of labels and locators that stick and shift. They do so, moreover, because of their willingness to share their particular experience of getting lost. That experience includes challenges to professional and personal identity when their own status – whether religious, racial, ethnic, or sexual – is called into question.
Beyond risk and safety? Identifying shifts in sex education advice targeted at young women
Authors: Carr Georgia , Bednarek Monika
Published: March 2019

This study investigates changes in sex education advice from the 1990s to the 2010s. Our research is based on the analysis of an 88,000 word corpus of advice columns from Dolly, a beauty, lifestyle and celebrity magazine aimed at Australian girls. The data are taken from 1994, 1995, 2014 and 2015, with both decades compared against each other to identify any potential shifts in sex education advice. The study combines corpus linguistic techniques with analysis of evaluative language (appraisal). Our analysis reveals a preoccupation with sexual health in the 1990s, shifting to a preoccupation with mental health in the 2010s. We identify a discourse of risk and safety and a discourse of pleasure in the 1990s, and medicalising and normalising discourses of mental health in the 2010s. We also consider interactions between question and answer in the advice pages, to better understand how discourses are introduced and negotiated in such written dialogic texts.
Balancing Multilevel Politics in Local Environmental Policy Choices
Authors: Fowler Luke , Rabinowitz Geoffrey
Published: March 2019

Although local governments are well poised to address complex environmental policy problems, balancing local and supra-local politics is a key obstacle to overcome. The authors argue that when making policy choices, local policymakers balance local and supra-local influences by exploiting uncertainty in policy goals and associated target populations. Using probit models and survey data of city and county agencies, the authors examine how local and supra-local politics influence local policy choices. Four scenarios are identified: (a) pollution prevention and regional cooperation initiatives affected by local politics, (b) outreach initiatives affected by supra-local politics, (c) transportation alternative initiatives affected by both local and supra-local politics, and (d) energy alternatives and smart growth initiatives affected by interactions between local and supra-local politics. The conclusions suggest ambiguity frames environmental policies, which is to local policymakers’ advantage when balancing contentious multilevel politics.
Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults
Authors: Morrison Kerrianne E , DeBrabander Kilee M , Faso Daniel J , Sasson Noah J
Published: March 2019

Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults ( N = 20) by neurotypical raters ( N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to “intentions to interact.” Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of “awkwardness” were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. “autistic” vs “has autism”) did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance.
Back to the future: Brexit, EIA and the challenge of environmental judicial review
Authors: Perraudeau Maia
Published: March 2019

This article explores how legal culture influences judicial interpretation of environmental legislation, which in turn affects how effectively public authorities are legally held to account for environmental decisions. Analysis of initial case law from the UK’s transposition of the EU Environmental Impact Assessment Directive shows English administrative courts interpreting the directive so restrictively as to undermine the purpose of the legislation itself. It will be suggested that the political sensitivity and legal complexity of administrative law, combined with the legally challenging nature of environmental problems, contribute to a legal culture of narrow interpretation. In contrast, the purposive and effectiveness-orientated approach of EU legal culture facilitated the House of Lord’s later reinterpretation of the Directive, allowing increased judicial engagement in the challenge of environmental law. This article therefore contends that ensuring effective environmental law after Brexit will require a reframing of the legal culture of administrative law itself.
Engaging Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Smoking Cessation Through Large-Scale Community Service Events
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Maya , Apollonio Dorie E.
Published: March 2019

Cigarette smoking contributes substantially to the increased financial- and health-related burdens among adults experiencing homelessness. We describe findings from a case study of a model to increase access to cessation services among adults experiencing homelessness. In partnership with Project Homeless Connect (PHC), we piloted a unique service delivery model that involved providing brief cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to smokers from this population attending large-scale service events in San Francisco, with the goal of connecting them to long-term smoking cessation care. We participated in three service events between October 2017 and March 2018. We offered brief smoking cessation counseling to 45 individuals, and smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to 7 individuals experiencing homelessness. This model could improve public health if expanded to other cities, particularly the 200 other cities in the United States offering PHC service events.
The Role of Preoperative Duplex Ultrasound Vessel Mapping in Determining Primary Failure of Pediatric Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Huynh Tam T. T. , Garza B. N. , Geer J. , Broadbent K. C. , Martinek W. A. , Correa A. M. , Swartz S. J. , Srivaths P. , Brewer E. D.
Published: March 2019

The autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for pediatric and adult patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). However, the prevalent rate of AVF use in children remains low in the United States. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of arm vessels is an essential step in the planning of AVF creation in adults, but its use in children is not described in much detail. In this retrospective study, we examined the role of preoperative DUS in children and adolescents who underwent AVF creation at a single large pediatric hospital, from 2008 to 2017. In addition, we sought to determine the potential risk factors for primary failure (PF), which was defined as the inability to use the AVF for at least a sustained 6-week period either due to thrombosis or any other reasons. We created 67 AVFs in 57 patients (34 male; 60%). The overall PF was 16% (11/67), and higher in cephalic AVF (10/40, 25%) compared to basilic (1/27, 3.7%), P = .04. The median maturation time was longer for basilic compared to cephalic AVF (105±47 vs. 88±38 days, respectively, P = .006). The size of the juxta-anastomotic vein and artery on preoperative DUS was not significantly different in cephalic versus basilic AVFs. However, the median diameter of the outflow vein was significantly smaller in the cephalic compared to basilic AVF (3.4 mm vs. 4.2 mm, P = .042). In addition, the outflow vein size was the only preoperative factor found to be significant as possible predictor for PF on univariable analysis. The results of this study show that the PF rate and maturation time for AVFs created in children and adolescents are comparable to adults, with the routine use of preoperative DUS. We postulate that vessel selection for AVF in the pediatric population should take into consideration the size of the vein at the outflow (and not just at the anastomosis).
Older Women’s Experiences of Aging and Health: An Interpretive Phenomenological Study
Authors: Tuohy Dympna , Cooney Adeline
Published: March 2019

Objective: This interpretive phenomenological study explored older Irish women’s experiences of aging and health related issues. Method: Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 23 older women (coresearchers). Data analysis followed the “Vancouver school of doing phenomenology” framework and included a meta-synthesis of individual case constructions. Results: “Retaining autonomy within a process of adaptation and continued engagement” describes the essential meaning of coresearchers’ experiences. Four themes were identified: “Being in control: Balancing needs and supports,” “Navigating a changing world,” “Being connected and involved,” “Trying to stay well.” Discussion: Gender shapes older women’s experience of aging, health, and ill health. Three major factors moderate their experience: autonomy and control, proactivity and adaptability, and staying engaged with life. The study concludes that aging, gender, and health are intrinsically linked and collectively shape older women’s experience. This is an important consideration when planning gender-appropriate health care services for older women.
Communicating Meaning in the Intelligence Enterprise
Authors: Broniatowski David A.
Published: March 2019

Intelligence community experts face challenges communicating the results of analysis products to policy makers. Given the high-stakes nature of intelligence analyses, the consequences of misinformation may be dire, potentially leading to costly, ill-informed policies or lasting damage to national security. Much is known regarding how to effectively communicate complex analysis products to policy makers possessing different sources of expertise. Fuzzy-Trace Theory, an empirically-validated psychological account of how decision makers derive meaning from complex stimuli, emphasizes the importance of communicating the essential bottom-line of an analysis (“gist”), in parallel with precise details (“verbatim”). Verbatim details can be prone to misinterpretation when presented out of context. Several examples from intelligence analyses and laboratory studies are discussed, with implications for integrating knowledge from multiple sources of expertise, communicating complex technical information to nontechnical recipients, and identifying and training effective communicators. Collaboration between the academic and intelligence communities would facilitate new insights and scientifically grounded implementation of findings.
Fuzzy-Trace Theory, False Memory, and the Law
Authors: Brainerd C. J. , Reyna Valerie F.
Published: March 2019

Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) provides well-researched scientific principles that explain worrisome forms of false memory in the law. False memories are of great legal concern because memory reports are frequently the evidence that determines guilt/innocence and are sometimes the only evidence that crimes have been committed. FTT’s principles reveal errors in commonsense theories that jurors use to judge the credibility of witnesses’ memory reports. This science versus commonsense disconnect is salient in cases involving child witnesses, eyewitness identifications, and confessions. The consequences of this disconnect for justice could be ameliorated by a simple change in federal rules of evidence.
Defining the resolution of a network for transportation analyses: A new methodology and algorithm
Authors: Cui Yuchen , Moeckel Rolf
Published: March 2019

Travel demand models are important tools used in the analysis of transportation plans, projects, and policies. Defining the level of detail (i.e. the number of roads) of the transport network in consistency with the travel demand model’s zone system is crucial for the accuracy of model results. All analyses found in the literature show that the spatial resolution of the transport network has great impact on the model results. If the zone system is fairly coarse, a network as detailed as the real road system will underestimate traffic congestion. Conversely, a network that is too coarse for a given zone system will over-represent congestion. However, there are no tools to determine how much detail is needed in a transport network to be compatible with a given zone system. This paper seeks to fill this knowledge gap by (1) providing a new methodology and algorithm to define an appropriate level of detail for a transport network under a given zone system, and (2) implementing this methodology for the Baltimore area. The results suggest that the transport network and the travel demand model’s zone system need to have a consistent level of resolution to provide reasonable model sensitivities. The evaluation of a new transportation project points out the importance of having an appropriate level of network detail for making reasonable planning decisions.
Predicting major mental illness: ethical and practical considerations
Authors: Lawrie Stephen M. , Fletcher-Watson Sue , Whalley Heather C. , McIntosh Andrew M.
Published: March 2019

An increasing body of genetic and imaging research shows that it is becoming possible to forecast the onset of major psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia before people become ill with ever improving accuracy. Practical issues such as the optimal combination of clinical and biological variables are being addressed, but the application of predictive algorithms to individuals or in routine clinical settings have yet to be tested. The development of predictive methods in mental health comes with substantial ethical questions, including whether people wish to know their level of risk, as well as individual and societal attitudes to the potential adverse effects of data sharing, early diagnosis and treatment, which so far have been largely ignored. Preliminary data suggests that at least some people think predictive research is valuable and would take part in such studies, and some would welcome knowing the results. Future initiatives should systematically assess opinions and attitudes in conjunction with scientific and technical advances.

Declaration of interest

In the past 3 years, S.M.L. has received personal fees from Otsuaka, Sunovion and Janssen, and research grant support from Janssen and Lundbeck. A.M.M. has received research support from the Sackler Trust, Eli Lilly and Janssen. S.M.L. is part of the PSYSCAN consortium.
Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness
Authors: Viswanath K. , Synowiec Christina , Agha Sohail
Published: March 2019

The current dominant models of intervention design in the development sector do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges. Decision makers and implementers need timely feedback during implementation to respond to field realities and to course-correct. This letter calls for a new approach of “responsive feedback” or “feedback loops” that promotes interactions between project designers, implementers, researchers and decision-makers to enable course corrections needed to achieve intended outcomes. A responsive feedback approach, in theory, should be agile, flexible, adaptive, iterative, and actionable. There can be multiple challenges associated with incorporating this approach into practice including donor requirements, organizational structure and culture, concerns about the additional time required to adopt such an approach, resource and operational constraints, the absence of skill sets needed for such an approach within smaller organizations and inadequate inter-departmental communication. However, these barriers to adaptation can be overcome. For responsive feedback to become a part of the culture of development organizations, commitment is needed from donors, decision-makers, project designers and implementers. We believe that, to generate opportunities for learning and adaptation, donors should provide the stimulus to break down silos between implementers and researchers.
HPV infection and pre-term birth: a data-linkage study using Scottish Health Data
Authors: Aldhous Marian C. , Bhatia Ramya , Pollock Roz , Vragkos Dionysis , Cuschieri Kate , Cubie Heather A. , Norman Jane E. , Stock Sarah J.
Published: March 2019

Background: We aimed to investigate whether infection with high-risk (HR) types of human papilloma virus (HPV) or HPV-associated cervical disease were associated with preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). In a sub-group of younger women who were eligible for the HPV vaccine, we aimed to determine whether prior vaccination against the specific HPV-types, HPV-16 and -18 modified preterm birth risk.

Methods: This was a data-linkage study, which linked HPV-associated viral and pathological information (from the Scottish HPV Archive) from women aged 16-45 years to routinely collected NHS maternity- and hospital-admission records from 1999–2015. Pregnancy outcomes from 5,598 women with term live birth (≥37 weeks gestation, n=4,942), preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation, n=386) or early miscarriage (<13 weeks gestation, n=270). Of these, data from HPV vaccine-eligible women (n=3,611, aged 16-25 years) were available, of whom 588 had been vaccinated. HPV-associated disease status was defined as: HR HPV-positive no disease, low-grade abnormalities or high-grade disease.

Results: High-grade HPV-associated cervical disease was associated with preterm birth (odds ratio=1.843 [95% confidence interval 1.101–3.083], p=0.020) in adjusted binary logistic regression analysis, in all women, but there were no associations with HR HPV-infection alone or with low-grade abnormalities. No associations between any HPV parameter and preterm birth were seen in vaccine-eligible women, nor was there any effect of prior vaccination.

Conclusions: HPV-associated high-grade cervical disease was associated with preterm birth, but there were no associations with HR HPV-infection or low-grade cervical disease. Thus HPV-infection alone (in the absence of cervical disease) does not appear to be an independent risk factor for preterm birth. For women who have undergone treatment for CIN and become pregnant, these results demonstrate the need to monitor for signs of preterm birth.
Europcar Integrates Forecasting, Simulation, and Optimization Techniques in a Capacity and Revenue Management System
Authors: Guillen Julien , Ruiz Pierre , Dellepiane Umberto , Maccarrone Ludovica , Maccioni Raffaele , Pinzuti Alessandro , Procacci Enrico
Published: March 2019

Short abstract: The authors describe the development of an innovative decision-support system that uses forecasting, discrete-event simulation, and optimization to provide an integrated approach to revenue and capacity management.
Elderly dementia patients, socioeconomic settings, care management and ICT adoption
Authors: Zacharopoulou Vasiliki , Zacharopoulou Georgia , Leontiou Lili , Voudouri Eleni , Tsampalas Evangelos , Lazakidou Athina
Published: March 2019

Objective:

This study investigated the socioeconomic characteristics of dementia patients in Greece and assessed whether these factors influence their healthcare.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study design was used. In total, data from 779 elderly dementia patients were reviewed.

Results:

On the whole, a larger proportion of primary health care facilities were used by patients with no educational level (Odds Ratio=10.91; 95%; Confidence Interval=3.21–37.14) or no/little income adequacy (Odds Ratio=2.13; 95%; Confidence Interval=1.18–3.86). Moreover, patients with a lower economic status (€0–6000) used primary health care facilities at a lower level (Odds Ratio=0.22; 95%; Confidence Interval=0.12–0.39). After controlling for confounding effects with a logistic regression method, tertiary education (Odds Ratio=7.68; 95%; Confidence Interval=2.76–21.35) was also a factor determining the frequency of patients visiting social care services, as was a higher economic status. In a logistic regression model, a higher educational level and rural areas were related to the use of information and communication technology and their devices (Odds Ratio=65.68; 95%; Confidence Interval=7.22–597.12, tertiary education) and (Odds Ratio=0.16; 95%; Confidence Interval=0.05–0.56).

Conclusions:

Socioeconomic status and area of residence are two major factors that affect various aspects of dementia care, while accessibility and availability of health structures determine the type of health care patients receive.
Histological Criteria that Distinguish Human and Mouse Bone Formed Within a Mouse Skeletal Repair Defect
Authors: Xin Xiaonan , Jiang Xi , Wang Liping , Mikael Paiyz , McCarthy Mary Beth , Chen Li , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Nukavarapu Syam , Lichtler Alexander C. , Rowe David W.
Published: March 2019

The effectiveness of autologous cell-based skeletal repair continues to be controversial in part because in vitro predictors of in vivo human bone formation by cultured human progenitor cells are not reliable. To assist in the development of in vivo assays of human osteoprogenitor potential, a fluorescence-based histology of nondecalcified mineralized tissue is presented that provides multiple criteria to distinguish human and host osteoblasts, osteocytes, and accumulated bone matrix in a mouse calvarial defect model. These include detection of an ubiquitously expressed red fluorescent protein reporter by the implanted human cells, antibodies specific to human bone sialoprotein and a human nuclear antigen, and expression of a bone/fibroblast restricted green fluorescent protein reporter in the host tissue. Using low passage bone marrow-derived stromal cells, robust human bone matrix formation was obtained. However, a striking feature is the lack of mouse bone marrow investment and osteoclasts within the human bone matrix. This deficiency may account for the accumulation of a disorganized human bone matrix that has not undergone extensive remodeling. These features, which would not be appreciated by traditional decalcified paraffin histology, indicate the human bone matrix is not undergoing active remodeling and thus the full differentiation potential of the implanted human cells within currently used mouse models is not being realized.
Relação dos Fitoterápicos e Compostos Bioativos na Fertilidade e Infertilidade Humana / List of Phytotherapeutic and Bioactive Compounds in Fertility and Infertility
Authors: Marconato Allana Mariny , Renardin Adriani , Leonez Daniella Garcia Vidal Rodrigues , Padilha Cristiane Kauffmann , Mazur Caryna Eurich
Published: March 2019

As plantas medicinais são conhecidas como uma fonte prolífica de metabólitos secundários que têm importante função durante a foliculogênese e esteroidogênese ovariana em muitas espécies de animais. Alguns metabólitos secundários podem atuar como antioxidantes em geral através de sua capacidade de eliminar espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ou podem regular a produção hormonal ovariana. Em geral, essas propriedades são responsáveis pela função medicinal para tratar o distúrbio de infertilidade da mulher. Algumas plantas são constituídas de substâncias biológicas ativas que foram usadas para tratar a disfunção reprodutiva. No entanto, até recentemente, pouco se sabia sobre a implicação de plantas e / ou seus metabólitos secundários na foliculogênese e esteroidogênese in vitro. Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia, há uma crescente implicação dessas substâncias na tecnologia de reprodução assistida (ART). A presente revisão destaca algumas plantas medicinais usadas no tratamento de desordens relacionadas à infertilidade. Além disso, fornece uma visão geral de ervas e seus compostos ativos com reivindicações para melhoria da atividade ovariana, mostrando assim sua implicação nos cuidados de saúde reprodutiva humana.
Episódio Hipotônico Hiporresponsivo: Relato de Caso / Hypotonic-hyporesponsive Episode: A Case Report
Authors: Silva Lara Laranjeira Baleeiro , Araújo Lorena De Sousa Moura , Brito Mara Iany Braga de , Costa Sara Viana Diniz , Almino Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira Brito
Published: March 2019

Episódio Hipotônico Hiporresponsivo (EHH) é normalmente descrito na literatura como um “início súbito de hipotonia e hiporresponsividade, associadas à alteração da coloração da pele (palidez ou cianose), que ocorrem dentro de 48 horas após a vacinação de crianças, sem outras causas que justifiquem sua ocorrência”. O presente estudo relata um caso de Episódio Hipotônico Hiporresponsivo em lactente após primeira aplicação de vacina Penta. O caso envolve um bebê do sexo masculino, brasileiro, com 4 meses de idade, com bom estado geral de saúde, hidratado, corado, nutrido e eupneico. O  lactente apresentou um quadro abrupto de hipotonia generalizada, hiporresponsividade a estímulos e febre, duas horas após a primeira dose da vacina Pentavalente, do Programa Nacional de Imunização. Recebeu alta após 1 hora de observação hospitalar, o que sugere duração de sintomas menor que uma hora. As subnotificações  em alguns casos, não estão de acordo com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde, que aconselha nestes caos, observação rigorosa até o completo desaparecimento dos sinais e sintomas.
Análise Atuarial da Idade Ótima de Aposentadoria Frente à Proposta do Governo Temer de Reforma da Previdência: Uma Revisão da Literatura / Actuarial Analysis of the Retirement Optimal Age Faced with the Government's Temer of Pension Reform Proposal: A Literature Review
Authors: Silva Pablo Henrique De Sales , Correia José Jonas Alves , Monteiro Ivonete Silva Carneiro
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo encontrar a idade ótima de aposentadoria no Regime Geral da Previdência Social (RGPS), tomando como base as alterações trazidas na PEC 287/2016. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão na literatura, em base de dados e livros e periódicos, a fim de fomentar as discussões acerca do tema. Como este estudo encontra-se em fase de conclusão, serão apresentados resultados intermediários de sua fundamentação teórica, que trazem um histórico da Previdência Social, com as reformas mais significativas para o RGPS e suas falhas; versa sobre o contexto de surgimento da PEC 287, seus critérios para obtenção dos benefícios e a fórmula do cálculo; além de discutir sobre os fatores que influenciam na tomada de decisão pela aposentadoria. A PEC 287 trouxe critérios mais rigorosos para concessão dos benefícios, e isso gera dúvidas na população que tem a dimensão financeira influenciando diretamente na sua decisão pela aposentadoria.
Câncer de Mama X Diagnóstico / Breast Cancer X Diagnosis
Authors: Bernardes Nicole Blanco , Sá Ana Cristina Fonseca de , Facioli Larissa De Souza , Ferreira Maria Luzia , Sá Odila Rigolim de , Costa Raissa De Moura
Published: March 2019

Os principais métodos de diagnóstico da doença são a mamografia e o exame clínico, além de outros como ultrassonografia, ressonância, exames de sangue, raio-X, cintilografia, biópsia, exames citopatológico e histopatológico e exames de BRCA1 e BRCA2, porém, mesmo com todos esses métodos de diagnóstico, o principal desafio ainda está em se ter um diagnóstico precoce da doença, algo que só seria resolvido com um maior investimento na saúde pública, visando uma maior acessibilidade aos métodos de prevenção e maior informação das mulheres sobre o câncer de mama, pois a maioria dos casos é diagnosticado tardiamente dificultando as chances de sobrevida das pacientes.Este estudo refere-se a uma revisão integrativa sobre neoplasia de mama, que visa à análise de estudos relevantes para a síntese do conhecimento sobre o assunto constatando as falhas que devem ser reparadas com a realização de novos estudos.
A Personalidade Criminosa: Uma Discussão Acerca da Aplicação da Pena de Prisão em Paralelo com a Política Socioeducativa / The Criminal Personality: A Discussion on the Application of the Prison in Parallel with the Socioeducational Policy
Authors: Silva Luana Martins da , Bezerra Fabiana Correia
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o crime, o criminoso e a aplicação da pena privativa de liberdade como meio de coibir os atos delitivos. Assim como, foca na construção da personalidade do criminoso esboçando para tanto as diversas teorias existentes. Para tanto apresenta os seguintes objetivos específicos, estes irão: Esboçar a evolução histórica da pena; Discorrer sobre a criminalidade nos mais diferentes aspectos indo desde sua análise na criminologia à psicologia além de descrever o procedimento do exame criminológico; Demonstrar que a reconstrução da persona do infrator com base em políticas educacionais é uma utopia. Já no que concerne a elaboração da pesquisa, esta é abordada com esteio no método dedutivo no qual parte de uma premissa maior, no caso da criminalidade em seu todo para a compreensão de cada indivíduo com suas particularidades específicas. Como método procedimental, aplica-se o bibliográfico e documental, pois a elaboração da pesquisa contou com materiais construtores da leitura como livros, artigos e revistas outrora publicados pelos mais diversos autores, além de realizar uma abordagem qualitativa, pois foca no caráter subjetivo do objeto em análise.  Ademais, a pesquisa possui um viés jurídicosocial, pois ao passo que elenca os dispositivos legais expõe sua conexão com a vivência cotidiana dos indivíduos, além de se justificar pela necessidade de se discutir quais os fatores que vem contribuindo para o aumento da violência, tendo em vista o seu crescente aumento a cada ano.Neste sentido, compreender a formação da personalidade criminosa é indispensável, uma vez que já existe um sistema normativo penal rígido no Brasil, assim como diversas políticas voltadas para reconstruir a persona do delinquente, no entanto entraves como a reincidência é uma realidade do sistema. Então, de que forma é possível reconstruir a personalidade do criminoso para que esta transformação não permaneça como utopia?
Gestão de Resíduos: hábitos de descarte de resíduos derivados da produção agrícola das propriedades em assentamentos rurais / Waste Management: Waste Disposal Habits from Agricultural Production of Properties in Rural Settlements
Authors: Komatsu Rodrigo Kenji , Santos Cristy Handson Pereira dos , Sousa Josiano Cesar de
Published: March 2019

A geração de resíduos é inerente a qualquer atividade humana. Neste sentido, a produção agrícola é uma das atividades que mais produzem resíduos, e destes, grande parte é passível de reaproveitamento e reciclagem. Diante disto, o presente artigo buscou compreender como se dá a gestão dos resíduos sólidos derivados da produção agrícola em um assentamento rural. A pesquisa utilizou metodologia exploratória, bibliográfica e descritiva, través de estudo de campo em um Assentamento localizado em uma zona rural do Estado do Maranhão. Como resultado obteve-se que não há incentivo, seja ele educacional, financeiro ou social, para que os produtores efetuem a gestão dos resíduos que derivam de suas produções. Diante disto, compreende-se que é necessário haver uma maior atuação por parte do poder público no intuito de conscientizar e incentivar a gestão ambiental e colocar em prática os mecanismos legais que suscitam a gestão dos resíduos sólidos.
A Prática Pedagógica das Professoras da Educação Infantil: Um Estudo de Caso em classes Regulares com Crianças com a Síndrome de Down / The Pedagogical Practice of Teachers of Infant Education: A Case Study in Regular Classes with Children with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Almeida Gláucia Da Conceição de , Fraga Andréa Basílio de Matos
Published: March 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo “Analisar a prática pedagógica utilizada pelas professoras do Colégio X, do bairro do Garcia da cidade de Salvador – Bahia, Brasil que trabalham com crianças com a síndrome de Down e crianças tidas como normais em uma mesma classe”. O Colégio X recebe com frequência e em quantidade elevada crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais, em particular com a síndrome de Down. Esta pesquisadora tem observado que os professores não recebem formação específica para trabalhar com as adversidades em uma mesma sala de aula. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e indutiva. Do universo a ser pesquisado extraiu-se uma amostra de 19 professoras, que representa 63% do universo. O questionário foi o instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados, composto de 10 perguntas abertas e fechadas. Concluiu-se a pesquisa com as professoras do Colégio X, que a prática pedagógica delas tem sido muito boa, que são pessoas de boa formação acadêmica, com pouco tempo no exercício da docência, pessoas jovens que vivem capacitando-se para um melhor exercício na profissão. Pode-se observar ainda que as crianças que estudam com estas professoras encontram-se num nível de desempenho muito bom, afirmando assim a competência profissional das referidas professoras.
Ações Educativas para Inclusão de Deficientes Visuais no Sistema de Ensino / Educational Actions for Inclusion of the Visually Impaired in the Teaching System
Authors: Lemos Sebastiana Micaela Amorim , Fernandes George Pimentel
Published: March 2019

No presente artigo iremos abordar os processos históricos e políticos da educação de deficientes visuais no Brasil e no Ceará. Já na região do Cariri, serão destacadas as ações educativas nos principais polos de atendimento as pessoas com necessidades especiais no Cariri com foco nos deficientes visuais. Na Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Crato com a Escola de Ensino Médio de Tempo Integral Governador Adauto Bezerra e a E. E. I. E. F. Liceu Diocesano de Artes e Ofícios; o Centro Educativo do Cariri de Apoio as Pessoas com Deficiência Visual; o Geopark Araripe; o NUARC (Núcleo de Acessibilidade) da Universidade Regional do Cariri – URCA e Biblioteca da Universidade Regional do Cariri – URCA. Em Juazeiro do Norte, a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Juazeiro do Norte, a Secretaria de Acessibilidade da Universidade Federal do Cariri – UFCA. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer um comparativo da educação especial no passado e mostrar o avanço no presente, com a efetivação do Atendimento Educacional Especializado e as ações educativas que consolidam a participação ativa de muitos estudantes deficiente visuais nas instituições de ensino. Esse trabalho desenvolve uma reflexão sobre o que podemos avançar em termos de educação inclusiva na região do Cariri, bem como, obtermos um panorama do que construímos até hoje, despertando o interesse para a realização de mais ações que envolvam pessoas com deficiência visual, dando-lhes oportunidades para atuarem de forma mais efetiva na vida em sociedade.