bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autopistas: AU-1 25 de Mayo y AU-6 Perito Moreno
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2013

Las autopistas AU-1 y AU-6, con una longitud aproximada de 17 km, se realizaron con objeto de resolver el grave problema de infraestructura vial del Municipio de Buenos Aires, ciudad de nueve millones de habitantes y con un parque de vehículos en rápido crecimiento.
Para el proyecto se creó un programa de ordenador con el que, partiendo de la definición geométrica de la autopista y de la posición de las pilas, se calculan todos los elementos que componen la estructura y se dimensionan las armaduras. Este programa permitió proyectar un tramo (150 m) por semana.
La construcción, a un ritmo muy rápido, se llevó a cabo mediante cimbras autoportantes compuestas por vigas metálicas apoyadas sobre ménsulas, las cuales a su vez apoyan en unos nichos dejados en las pilas.
Norma básica de la edificación. «Condiciones de protección contra incendios en los edificios»
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: March 2013

Esta norma dictada por el Real Decreto 2059/1981, de 10 de abril y publicada en el B.O.E, n.° 224 de 18 de septiembre de 1981, es de obligado cumplimiento dentro del territorio del Estado Español para todo edificio que se construya o que se reforme, cambiando su uso o introduciendo modificaciones sustanciales a juicio del Organismo y Corporaciones que intervengan preceptivamente en el visado, supervisión e informe del proyecto de reforma, así como, la licencia de obra correspondiente.
Estadios Sede
Authors: Cruces Eduardo
Published: March 2013

Alicante: Estadio Rico Pérez
Barcelona: Estadio Nou Camp
Barcelona: Estadio de Sarria
Bilbao: Estadio San Mames
Elche: Nuevo Estadio
Gijón; Estadio El Molinón
La Coruña: Estadio Riazor
Madrid: Estadio Santiago Bernabéu
Madrid: Estadio Vicente Calderón
Málaga: Estadio La Rosaleda
Oviedo: Estadio Carlos Tartiere
Sevilla: Estadio Sánchez Pizjuán
Sevilla: Estadio Benito Villannarin
Valencia: Estadio Luis Casanova
Valîadolid: Estadio José Zorrilla
Vigo: Estadio Balaídos
Zaragoza: Estadio La Romareda
Using Technology in Learning and Teaching
Authors: Oliver Ron
Published: March 2013

This chapter describes approaches to using technology in teaching that have facilitated engaging and challenging learning settings across a range of discipline areas. The framework of the discussion offers readers the opportunity to consider and plan their own use of learning technologies. Fundamental to the strategies described in this chapter is the use of technology to provide opportunities for learning and teaching that solve problems and provide solutions to identified needs. The chapter describes uses of technologies that are able to deliver high student satisfaction and deep learning. The chapter discusses approaches that can be implemented with a variety of technologies and encourages readers to plan and implement the ideas within their own settings.
Research-Inspired Teaching and Teaching-Inspired Research
Authors: Campbell Gregor
Published: March 2013

A shift from pure neuroscience research to research into innovative approaches to teaching and learning has afforded an opportunity to consider ways to develop and integrate technology to improve student learning. Using the authors’ teaching of histology at University College London (UCL), they describe how student learning and engagement in the subject has been advanced through the integration of a Web-based platform for students to view microscope slides. The opportunity to explore these innovations has been facilitated by a recent increase in recognition of teaching at UCL and the consequent expansion of the teaching grant program to explore new technological solutions for learning. In addition, there is now increased incentive to consider new approaches to teaching as a provision has been made for staff promotions to be given primarily on teaching prowess, as opposed to the historical research focus only.
Fostering Scholarly Approaches to Peer Review of Teaching in a Research-Intensive University
Authors: Hubball Harry , Clarke Anthony , Pratt Daniel D
Published: March 2013

This chapter examines a recently launched institutional initiative around scholarly approaches to summative and formative peer-review of teaching within and across the disciplines at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada. The peer-review of teaching initiative, led by a team of UBC national teaching fellows, was fuelled by institutional concerns about the quality of student learning experiences and the effectiveness of teaching in a multi-disciplinary research-intensive university context. Canadian universities have long recognized the importance of attending to the evaluation of teaching practices in their particular context; however, the enactment of localized scholarship directed at these practices remains very much in its infancy. Traditional approaches to the evaluation of university teaching have often resulted in the over-reliance on student evaluation of teaching data and/or ad-hoc peer-review of teaching practices with numerous accounts of methodological shortcomings that tend to yield less useful (and less authentic) data. Issues addressed in this chapter include contemporary approaches to the evaluation of teaching in higher education, faculty “buy-in” and the evaluation of teaching in a research-intensive university, scholarly approaches to summative and formative Performance Reviews of Teaching (PRT), faculty-specific engagement in summative and formative (informal to formal) PRT training and implementation, and strategic institutional supports (funding, expertise, mentoring, technological resources).
Changing Culture
Authors: Lefoe Geraldine , Parrish Dominique
Published: March 2013

This chapter presents a framework for the development of leadership capacity in higher education institutions that is underpinned by the concept of distributed leadership; this approach focuses on the development of all members of the institution as leaders, not just those in formal leadership positions. The case study used to illustrate this approach is drawn from an initial program at a regional university in Australia. This program, known as the Faculty Scholars Program, has become embedded in practice at the university. The program empowered a group of academics, who were not in formal leadership positions, to lead key change initiatives within the institution. The chapter describes the pilot program initiated locally and how the program was expanded in 2006-2008 through funding by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council to include three other institutions, with further funding provided in 2009 to expand to two more institutions.
RFID Standards
Authors: Onat Ilker , Miri Ali
Published: March 2013

There are many RFID standards defined by different standardization bodies and organizations. These evolving standards are often overlapping may be confusing to the practitioners. In this chapter, a summary of the RFID technology is given with the relevant standardization bodies and their RFID standards.
RFID Wireless Link Threats
Authors: Onat Ilker , Miri Ali
Published: March 2013

This chapter gives an overview of wireless link threats against RFID systems. A major portion of the RFID tags are passive devices without their own power source and they can be easily attacked. It is difficult to implement countermeasures in RFID tags due to major resource constraints. In this chapter, major attack types against RFID systems are described. The vulnerabilities of RFID systems are explained along with the proposed solutions and design methods against the attacks.
Hardware Attacks
Authors: Kong Fanyu , Li Ming
Published: March 2013

In a secure system, the algorithms, protocols, and digital data are finally implemented and stored on hardware, such as chips, DSP, and registers. Knowledge of the implementation may be used to carry out attacks against the system without attacking the algorithms and protocols directly. The hardware which implements the system deserves much attention and scrutiny. Several hardware attacks are shown in this chapter, which is helpful in designing a secure RFID system.
Privacy Issues in RFID
Authors: Song Boyeon
Published: March 2013

The chapter first investigates privacy issues in RFID systems, namely information privacy threats and location privacy threats. RFID systems should be able to resist tag information leakage and tag tracking attacks. Next, the author presents a few formal models in which the notion of privacy in RFID systems is defined. To measure the privacy level of various RFID protocols, a formal privacy definition is needed. Formal models for RFID systems are continually being developed. Here, the chapter describes definitions of RFID systems, adversaries, experiments, and privacy in the most popular models so far: the Avoine model, the Juels-Weis model, and the Vaudenay model.
Malware Protection on RFID-Enabled Supply Chain Management Systems in the EPCglobal Network
Authors: Yan Qiang , Li Yingjiu , Deng Robert H.
Published: March 2013

As RFID-enabled technology is becoming pervasive in enterprise systems and human life, it triggers significant concerns over the malware that can infect, damage, and even destroy RFID-enabled network systems. RFID malware can spread malicious codes or data quickly to a large number of RFID systems via RFID read and write, which are pervasive operations on RFID tags that are transported from one RFID system to another. To address this concern, this chapter uses RFID-enabled supply chain management systems in the EPCglobal network as a case study to demonstrate the important issues in RFID malware protection. This case study shows that although there are fundamental difficulties in preventing RFID malware from entering the systems, the behaviors of RFID malware resemble traditional malware after it enters the systems. Based on this characteristic, the security threats of RFID malware can be effectively controlled.
Consumer–Retail Structure Interrelations as Seen in the Young Consumers’ Photographs of Retail Environments
Authors: Laaksonen Pirjo , Huuhka Ari , Laaksonen Martti
Published: March 2013

This article seeks to understand the multidimensionality of urban consumption and the nature and the levels of consumer – retail structure interrelations. A holistic conceptual framework of urban consumption is proposed. It views the needs, wants, and desires as the motivating forces for consumer behavior, and conceptualizes the dimensions of consumption space and the forms that consumption takes within these dimensions (the platforms of consumption). Qualitative data (respondent-generated photographs and written explanations) is used to exemplify the forms of consumption within the proposed platforms.
Cooperation and Collaboration in Higher Education
Authors: Campos Milton N. , Freitas Lia B. de L. , Grabovschi Cristina
Published: March 2013

This study illustrates different practices of knowledge co-construction by exploring argumentation processes from its (1) cognitive, (2) affective, and (3) moral dimensions (respect), and by clarifying the meaning of cooperation and collaboration, terms that are commonly used as synonyms. The authors adopted a critical constructivist approach consistent with the cognitive and moral works of Habermas (1987) and Piaget (1977, 1932/2000), and refined a method of online argumentation analysis (Campos, 2004) to better understand knowledge co-construction in the context of electronic conferencing in university courses. Their data analysis focused on the form as well as on the content of online argumentation. Results concerning the cognitive dimension of online discourse confirmed previous studies. However, regarding the affective and moral (respect) dimensions of online discourse, results were less clear. The authors highlight that the technology, the course design, and the instructor’s actions are equally important to successfully achieve set goals in online learning communities.
Finite Element Based Unloading of an Elastic Plastic Spherical Stick Contact for Varying Tangent Modulus and Hardening Rule
Authors: Chatterjee Biplab , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: March 2013

Loading-unloading behavior of a deformable sphere with a rigid flat under full stick contact condition is investigated for varying strain hardening. The study considers various tangent modulus using the finite element software ANSYS. Both the bilinear kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening models are considered. Numerical simulation reveals the qualitative similarity between kinematic and isotropic hardening regarding the variation of interfacial parameters during loading-unloading for various tangent modulus. It is found that the material with kinematic hardening dissipates more energy than the material with isotropic hardening during unloading. However for elastic perfectly plastic material, the loading-unloading behavior is insensitive to hardening model.
Developing Client-Side Mashups
Authors: Salminen Arto , Mikkonen Tommi , Nyrhinen Feetu , Taivalsaari Antero
Published: March 2013

Software mashups that combine content from multiple web sites to an integrated experience are a popular trend. However, methods, tools and architectures for creating mashups are still rather undeveloped, and there is little engineering support behind them. In this paper the authors present guidelines that can serve as a helpful starting point for the design of new mashups. Guidelines focus mainly on mashup creation methods. Furthermore, they describe a reference architecture for client-side mashup development. In addition, the authors provide insight into mashup development based on their practical experiences in implementing various sample client-side mashup applications and tools for creating them. The long term goal of the authors’ work is to facilitate the development of compelling, robust and maintainable mashup applications, and more generally ease the transition towards web-based software development.
An Approach to Adaptive Dependability Assessment in Dynamic and Evolving Connected Systems
Authors: Di Giandomenico Felicita , Bertolino Antonia , Calabrò Antonello , Nostro Nicola
Published: March 2013

Complexity, heterogeneity, interdependency and, especially, evolution of system/services specifications, related operating environments and user needs, are more and more highly relevant characteristics of modern and future software applications. Taking advantage of the experience gained in the context of the European project Connect, which addresses the challenging and ambitious topic of eternally functioning distributed and heterogeneous systems, this paper presents a framework to analyse and assess dependability and performance properties in dynamic and evolving contexts. The goal is to develop an adaptive approach by coupling stochastic model-based analysis, performed at design time to support the definition and implementation of software products complying with their stated dependability and performance requirements, with run-time monitoring to re-calibrate and enhance the dependability and performance prediction along evolution. The proposed framework for adaptive assessment is described and illustrated through a case study. To simplify the description while making more concrete the approach under study, the authors adopted the setting and terminology of the Connect project.
Mobility Management in Publish/Subscribe Middleware
Authors: Abdennadher Fatma , Ben Jemaa Maher
Published: March 2013

In this research work, a survey on Mobility issues in Publish/Subscribe (P/S) Middleware and their applications was carried out. Publish/subscribe is appearing as a communication paradigm matching well with highly dynamic distributed applications characterized by reconfigurability, flexibility, and scalability. Nevertheless, very few efforts tackle dynamic modifications in the topology of the P/S distributed dispatching infrastructure despite such events represent a basic confrontation in mobile computing scenarios. In this paper, the authors clarify the mobility’s issues in the context of publish-subscribe middleware and survey solutions and protocols suggested by several research groups.
Interorganizational Information Systems Adoption in Supply Chains
Authors: Shaik Mohammed N. , Abdul-Kader Walid
Published: March 2013

Supply chain management (SCM) enabled by advances in technology, aims to develop a technical infrastructure linking technology and people, in an effort to align the technology with the capabilities of the organization and among its trading partners. This has led to the importance of the interorganizational information system (IOS) which has been increasingly recognized by organizations. There are several IOS types, including B2B electronic commerce (EC), customer-oriented strategic systems, EDI and electronic markets. The factors influencing the adoption of these systems are presented in the literature, but the IOS adoption in supply chains with supply chain context specific antecedents is very limited. To fill the gap in the literature, in this study a comprehensive model is built on the foundations of technology adoption at the organizational levels and by examining the supply chain context specific antecedents behind the motivations of adoption of technology in supply chains. The developed TOESCM research framework considers the TOE (technological-organizational-environmental) framework and SCM context specific antecedents such as information sharing, interorganizational relationships, and collaboration among trading partners to determine the adoption of IOS in supply chains.
Information System Costs of Utilizing Electronic Product Codes in Achieving Global Data Synchronization within the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Network
Authors: Chen Hui-Chuan , Prater Edmund
Published: March 2013

Numerous benefits of implementation of global data synchronization (GDSN) in the pharmaceutical supply chain have been identified, including reduced counterfeiting, decreased medication errors, increased supply chain efficiency, and standardized regulatory evolution. For this study, a complete GDSN supply chain framework was developed as a model for the industry to achieve Global Standard (GS1) standards. Each supply chain member must have a strong enterprise resource planning (ERP) information system to accommodate the initial electronic product code information services (EPCIS). A web-based Datapool—which connects the manufacturer, distributor, and retailer—will assist in reaching the data synchronization stage. The most important step is to have an open standard of GS1 global registry to enable the Epedigree to be traced through the supply chain system. When combined with EPCIS, as well as electronic product code global (EPCglobal) standardization and GS1 Global Registry, the supply chain can achieve global data synchronization and traceability. The comprehensive GDSN framework provided in this study provides the pharmaceutical industry an estimate of the total costs of attaining a global data synchronization network.
Comparing Hybrid Services in the United States and China
Authors: Cunningham Lawrence F. , Young Clifford E. , Hu Zuohao
Published: March 2013

This paper examines how customers view a set of hybrid services (eleven generic and self-service technologies) in the U.S. and China. The data are collected using questionnaires on location in the U.S. and China and are analyzed using multidimensional scaling. The study indicates that two dimensions, customization/standardization and high/low contact, explain over 80% of the variance in the classifications. Although there are differences when comparing the results of the U.S. and China samples, the results are very consistent between the two countries. Both samples result in two primary dimensions, with minor descriptive differences of the dimensions. The study discusses the significance of the findings for managers and for continuing academic research. The limitations of the study include the nature of the sample and the possible uniqueness of the MDS type utilized. Based on this information, managers are able to see how respondents perceive their service category in relation to other service categories on a cross-cultural basis. Such information may form the basis for further investigation of their service brand in relation to other service brands.
Perceived Required Skills and Abilities in Information Systems Project Management
Authors: Chang Jerry Cha-Jan , Torkzadeh Gholamreza
Published: March 2013

This article reports on results of a study on Information Systems (IS) project management skill set based on a two-round data collection from IS project managers and professionals. The first phase involved interviews with 47 project managers that resulted in identification of 12 important project management skills. In phase two, a survey was developed, based on phase 1 study results, to collect data from 41 IS project managers and professionals. Results identify rankings of the 12 skills as the 12 skills are further grouped into four categories of Communication and relationship management, Resource management, Change leadership, and Administrative.
Health Portal
Authors: Costa Carlos J. , Aparicio Manuela , Figueiredo Joao Paulo
Published: March 2013

The authors’ study proposes a conceptual model for a health portal user-centered using a calendar interface paradigm. The aim of this proposal intends to use an insight of a patient when interacting with the health services. In order to promote a well-known user reality, the authors adapt a calendar paradigm. The users’ type and the interaction with the system are based on a stakeholder analysis. A state of the art analysis was made to several health portals, from which resulted the identification of the main features in order to shape the proposed concept. From these initial studies we propose a conceptual model of a health portal focused on the users’ needs. Its implementation was performed using a Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS), more specifically a content management system (CMS). This study also includes the preliminary results of a survey conducted to a group of users.
An Internet Cost Model, Assignment of Costs Based on Actual Network Use
Authors: Ramírez Miguel , Gutiérrez Alfredo , Monguet Josep Maria , Muñoz Christian
Published: March 2013

In a transforming, complex, and innovating telecommunications industry with evolving business models, providers have to resolve how the pricing of their services in a context with many unknowns and few equations. This paper proposes a cost assignment model based on differentiating the set of required services a user consumes in a granular network architecture, to get a requested content. Unlike the flat rate model, this model is focused on obtaining a variable pricing methodology that reflects the actual use of network resources that users utilize to get specific content. There are exploring elements to establish the importance of this topic; the theoretical models of pricing are reviewed, the complexity of the costing issue and the influence of content providers on the real network operating cost are explored. Also, a precise cost model is proposed, as well as some cases of the application of the model in the real world.
Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy on the Prevalence of Neonatal Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Aly Yasser F. , El Koumi Mohamed A. , Abd El Rahman Rehab N.
Published: March 2013

Maternal vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon. The lack of vitamin D during pregnancy may result in poor fetal growth and altered neonatal development that may persist into later life. Recognition of risk factors and early detection of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is important in order to prevent neonatal vitamin D deficiency and related complications. The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of maternal vitamin D status on the neonatal vitamin D stores. A total of 92 pregnant women at the end of the 3rd trimester and their newborns were recruited from Al Khafji Joint Operation Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during the year 2011. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration, serum calcium (Ca++), phosphorus (PO4) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Compared with pregnant women with adequate vitamin D levels, women deficient in vitamin D had infants with vitamin D deficiency (X±SD 33.44±18.33 nmol/L vs 55.39±17.37 nmol/L, P=0.01). Maternal and neonatal serum 25(OH)D3 levels showed a positive correlation with serum Ca++ and negative correlation with serum PO4 and ALP. Neonatal 25(OH)D was related to maternal 3rd trimester levels (r=0.89, P=0.01). The newborn serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations rely on maternal vitamin D status. Poor maternal vitamin D status may adversely affect neonatal vitamin D status and, consequently, calcium homeostasis.
La imagen de la España tardofranquista en las películas de Manolo Escobar
Authors: Huerta-Floriano Miguel Ángel , Pérez-Morán Ernesto
Published: March 2013

Nos acercamos al cine popular del tardofranquismo, del que estudiamos las 200 películas más taquilleras. Para este artículo analizamos, bajo técnicas cualitativas, el ciclo de filmes protagonizados entre 1966 y 1975 por el actor y cantante Manolo Escobar, al ser el más rentable económicamente y el más explícito en cuanto a sus mensajes. Pretendemos estudiar la transmisión de valores, ideas y creencias en este tipo de cine, que a priori se esconde bajo la fórmula del entretenimiento pero que en el fondo es un vehículo ideológico, como quedará demostrado. La preeminencia del macho, el servilismo de las mujeres, la explotación de otros tópicos celtibéricos del momento o el ensalzamiento de lo español hacia lo foráneo son algunas de las constantes de estas comedias musicales cuyos finales tranquilizadores concluían que el éxito estaba al alcance de cualquiera que acatara los códigos de conducta imperantes en la España tardofranquista.
An Analog of Einstein’s General Relativity Emerging from Classical Finite Elasticity Theory: Analytical and Computational Issues
Authors: Cherubini C. , Filippi S.
Published: March 2013

The “analogue gravity formalism”, an interdisciplinary theoretical scheme developed in the past for studying several non relativistic classical and quantum systems through effective relativistic curved space-times, is here applied to largely de-formable elastic bodies described by the nonlinear theory of solid mechanics. Assuming the simplest nonlinear constitutive relation for the elastic material given by a Kirchhoff-St Venant strain-energy density function, it is possible to write for the perturbations an effective space-time metric if the deformation is purely longitudinal and depends on one spatial coordinate only. Theoretical and numerical studies of the corresponding dynamics are performed in selected cases and physical implications of the results obtained are finally discussed.
Regional inversion of CO2 ecosystem fluxes from atmospheric measurements: reliability of the uncertainty estimates
Authors: Broquet G. , Chevallier F. , Bréon F.-M. , Alemanno M. , Apadula F. , Hammer S. , Haszpra L. , Meinhardt F. , Necki J. , Piacentino S. , Ramonet M. , Schmidt M. , Thompson R. L. , Vermeulen A. T. , Yver C. , Ciais P.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The Bayesian framework of CO2 flux inversions permits estimates of the retrieved flux uncertainties. Here, the reliability of these theoretical estimates is studied through a comparison against the misfits between the inverted fluxes and independent measurements of the CO2 Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) made by the eddy covariance technique at local (few hectares) scale. Regional inversions at 0.5° resolution are applied for the western European domain where ~ 50 eddy covariance sites are operated. These inversions are conducted for a 6-yr period (2002–2007). They use a mesoscale atmospheric transport model, a prior estimate of the NEE from a terrestrial ecosystem model and rely on the variational assimilation of in situ continuous measurements of CO2 atmospheric mole fractions. The misfits averaged over monthly periods and over the whole domain, are in good agreement with the theoretical uncertainties for prior (respectively inverted) NEE, with positive chi-square tests for the variance at the 2% (respectively 20%) significance levels, despite the scale mismatch and the independence between the prior (respectively inverted) NEE and the flux measurements. The theoretical uncertainty reduction for the monthly NEE at the measurement sites is 53% while the inversion actually decreases the standard deviation of the misfits by as much as 38%. These results build confidence in the NEE estimates at the European/monthly scales and in their theoretical uncertainty from the regional inverse modeling system. However, the uncertainties at the monthly (respectively annual) scale remain larger than the amplitude of the inter-annual variability of monthly (respectively annual) fluxes, so that there is a low confidence in the inter-annual variations. The uncertainties at the monthly scale are significantly smaller than the seasonal variations. The seasonal cycle of the inverted fluxes is thus reliable. In particular, the CO2 sink period over the European continent likely ends later than represented by the ecosystem model.
Anatomic and Visual Outcomes of 23-G Vitrectomy without Scleral Buckling for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Figueroa Marta S. , Contreras Inés , Noval Susana ,   PACORES Study Group, Wu L. , Arevalo J. F. , Serrano M. A. , Lasave A. F. , Farah M. , Maia M. , Penha F. M. , Rodrigues E. B. , Morales-Canton V. , Fromow-Guerra J. , Guerrero-Naranjo J.L. , Dalma-Weiszhausz J. , Quiroz-Mercado H. , Velez-Montoya R. , Rodriguez F. J. , Gomez F. E. , Brieke A. C. , Berrocal M.H. , Cruz-Villegas V. , Graue-Wiechers F. , Lozano-Rechy D. , Ariza-Camacho E. , Roca J. A. , Chico R. G. , Saravia M. J. , Schlaen A. , Lupinacci A. , Gabin M. N. , Avila M. , Carla L. , Cardillo J. , Verdaguer J. , Carpentier T. C. , Verdaguer J. I. , Sepúlveda D. G. , Alezzandrini A. , Garcia B. , Bregliano G. , Alvira G. , Flor P. , Jaramillo F. , Diaz-Llopis M. , Gallego-Pinazo R. , Udaondo P. , Salom D. , Figueroa M. , Contreras I. , Ruiz-Casas D.
Published: March 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the anatomic success rate, visual acuity (VA) changes, and complications of 23-G vitrectomy without associated scleral procedures for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (PRRD).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with PRRD were considered for inclusion. Patients with evidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or coexisting ocular pathologies were excluded. Surgery consisted of 23-G vitrectomy with endolaser photocoagulation of retinal breaks and fluid-air-gas (12% C3F8) exchange. Minimum follow-up was 3 months.

Results

A total of 133 eyes of 118 patients were included. Fifty eyes were phakic and 83 pseudophakic. Mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 6.9 days (range 1–40). Mean VA improved significantly from 20/50 (range: hand movements to 20/20) to 20/30 (range: counting fingers to 20/16), with no statistically significant differences between phakic and pseudophakic eyes (p = 0.233). Visual acuity improved to 20/40 or better in 104 eyes (78.2%). A redetachment developed in 5 eyes (3.8%), so the primary anatomic success rate was 96.2%. Four eyes required a second surgical procedure and one eye a third to achieve retinal reattachment. Cataract progression in phakic eyes made cataract surgery necessary within 1 year of vitrectomy in 12/50 (24%) eyes. Subretinal perfluoro-N-octane (PFO) was detected in 6 eyes (4.5%).

Conclusion

Twenty-three–gauge vitrectomy without scleral buckling seems to be an effective technique for the treatment of PRRD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The high anatomic success rate was comparable to that previously described with 20 G and scleral buckling. Complications were similar to those described for 20-G vitrectomy, except for retained subretinal PFO, which has a higher rate.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Ptosis in Children: A National Tertiary Hospital Study
Authors: Essawy Rania El , Elsada Mohamed A.
Published: March 2013

Purpose

TO study the demographic and clinical characteristics of children who present to our hospital with blepharoptosis.

Methods

A retrospective review of the hospital records of children presenting with blepharoptosis between November 2002 and December 2010 was conducted. Demographic data (age at presentation, gender, and family history) and clinical data (severity, etiology, and associated conditions) were studied. The number and type of any surgical procedure was also recorded.

Results

A total of 408 eyes of 336 children were reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 3.2 years (range 0.25–10 years). Blepharoptosis was unilateral in 64.7% of cases, 74% of which affected the left eye. A positive family history was elicited in 19.4% of cases. Recurrent ptosis constituted 9.3% of presenting cases. The commonest type was congenital (68.9%) followed by blepharophimosis syndrome (16.7%). Associated considerable refractive errors occurred in 13.2% of cases, strabismus in 6.8% of cases, and amblyopia attributed solely to occlusion in 10% of cases. Frontalis suspension was the most common surgery (58%) followed by anterior approach levator muscle resection (29%) and Whitnall sling procedure (13%). Undercorrection, whether primary or late, occurred in 36.5% of cases. The mean number of operations performed was 1.5 (range 1–4).

Conclusions

Blepharoptosis in children is most commonly dystrophic with poor levator function showing a predilection to left side affection. Associated strabismus, refractive errors, and amblyopia should be considered for proper management of these patients. More than one surgery is required to correct the ptosis even in experienced hands.
Successful Argon and Diode Laser Photocoagulation Treatment of an Iris Varix with Recurrent Hemorrhage
Authors: Matlach Juliane , Kasper Karsten , Kasper Berit , Klink Thomas
Published: March 2013

Purpose

To report successful laser treatment of an iris varix.

Methods

A 66-year-old man presented with an incidental finding of a cystic lesion within the iris stroma in his right eye. He developed a blood-filled and partly thrombosed tumor of the iris stroma and complained about blurred vision due to spontaneous hyphema during follow-up.

Results

Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a prominent and liquid-filled lesion within the iris stroma. Iris fluorescein angiography revealed a thrombosed iris tumor without intrinsic vascularization or feeding vessels. Therefore, diagnosis of an iris varix was made clinically. Recurrent bleeding occurred during follow-up and led to decreased visual acuity. Combined argon and diode laser photocoagulation was successful in terminating rebleeding and resulted in a scarred iris varix.

Conclusions

Symptomatic iris varices can be treated safely by combined argon and diode laser photocoagulation, facilitating a less invasive approach than surgical excision.
Family roles in migration
Authors: Thatun Susu
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the importance of the family and the role it plays in migration, especially
from considering the influence and the impact these dynamics have on the overall well being
of the child. In doing so, the paper also takes an opportunistic approach to discussing some
untested views about migration, families and children and cautions utilizing them as the basis of
policy formulation and programmatic interventions.

In the context of migration, decision-making processes are far from linear, and the level of
dynamism within the family, including that of the child, are important elements to take into
consideration when looking at family roles in migration. Questions that are considered include:
Should the child be allowed to or even urged to take on independent migration? Or, should the
child be left behind with extended family members while one or both parents migrate? Or, should
the migrating parents take the child along on the journey?
The impact of parental migration on children left behind: The case of Tunisia
Authors: Bouchoucha Ibtihel
Published: March 2013

In Tunisia, several studies analyzed the phenomenon of migration. One strand of this
literature focused on the causes, explaining migration flows (Mzali 1997, Zohry 2006, Fourati
2006, Hammouda 2008, Mghari 2007, Sadiqi 2007, Hamdouch and Khachani 2004). Another open
debate concerns the importance of remittances and the role of international migration on the
development of the country of origin (Haffad 2006, Hamdouch and Khachani 2004). However,
there are few works interested in the family left behind. The paucity of studies on this theme
can be explained by a lack of suitable data. Therefore, there is a pressing need to raise research
interests on this question.

The goal of this presentation is to contribute to this literature. We try to analyze the situation
of children left behind: “a child lives with one of his parents, while the other parent lives abroad”.
Our paper will be structured around two broad themes. The first concerns the link between
migrants and their families remaining in their country of origin. The second theme focuses on the
education attendance of the children left behind. We will try to examine the effects of a mother’s
or father’s absence on the school attendance of their children.

Our methodology is based on comparative analyses between male and female and between
children of migrants and those of non-migrants. We developed a descriptive analysis using
individual data from census 2004 and from the MIREM survey conducted in 2006 by the Robert
Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Women international migration from the Maghreb: Dimensions and impacts
Authors: Kharoufi Mostafa
Published: March 2013

For a long time, women have remained invisible in studies on migration in the Maghreb
countries. Their socio-economic contributions and unique experiences have not been taken
into account by researchers. In the 1960s and 1970s migration studies often assumed that most
migrants were males, and that women were always present in migratory flows as spouses,
daughters and dependents of male migrants. Consequently, migration was portrayed as purely
a male phenomenon, despite the fact that mobility of women affects the roles of both female
and male migrants when considering the families left behind in the migration process. Despite
the fact that migration responds to and impacts capital, labour, culture, identities, the family and
citizenship in sending and receiving countries, statistics on female migration—both internal and
international—are notoriously poor.

This lack of information and data on women migration is not only the case in Maghreb
countries. As a matter of fact, it is only recently that the international community has begun to
grasp the significance of what migrant women have to offer, even though women constitute
almost half of all international migrants worldwide, despite contributions to poverty reduction
and struggling economies.

This paper is dealing with women international migration, its trends, dimensions,
characteristics and effects in Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco), which constitute
probably one of the most remarkable geographical regions of the world with respect to labour
migration movements.
Family and Child Welfare, Support and Protection
Authors: Zohry Ayman
Published: March 2013

Despite the fact that international migrants comprise 3.1 percent of the world population,
international migration is at the heart of societal, economic and political debates. This may
be attributed, in part, to the fact that the estimated 214 million international migrants are
not evenly distributed among countries and regions. Citizens in some countries comprise a
minority compared to expatriates. The case of the Arab Gulf countries is a classical model of this
demographic imbalance. Moreover, while females comprise 49 percent of international migrants,
sex composition of international migrants is imbalanced among countries and regions.

Because of the economic nature of migration, keeping aside forced migration, some members
of families leave their origin for better-paid jobs in destination countries. This phenomenon
contributes to family breakdown between origin and destination. Family breakdowns are
associated with an array of socio-economic correlates and result from major problems related
to child rearing and female-headed households, in the case of household head migration.
Acknowledging the important positive economic impact of migration, negative socio-economic
impacts of migration should be considered and explored, and policy interventions at the micro
and macro levels should be introduced.
Transnational families in the context of international migration
Authors: Guendell Rojas Sebastián , Saab Rhea , Taylor C
Published: March 2013

When a person migrates from one country to another, it is not just the individual who is
affected but a whole family. While migration can bring benefits, including economic advantages,
often it means that families are separated, putting relationships under strain and forcing
those left behind to take on new roles and responsibilities. Therefore it is important for those
concerned with drawing up policy on international migration and development to understand
the dynamics of households involved in and affected by migration. Traditionally, though,
migration policy strategies have not adopted a family perspective.
Executive summary
Authors: Mesdoua Amina
Published: March 2013

Format and participation

1. The Doha International Institute for Family Studies and Development (DIIFSD) organized
a symposium on Family, Migration and Dignity from the 27th to 29th March 2012 in Doha,
Qatar.

2. Experts dealing with various aspects of migration, human rights and social development
were invited from a broad geographical distribution to participate in the meeting in
their personal capacities. The Experts included academicians, practitioners, NGOs and
experts from UN agencies.

3. The symposium was opened by H.E. Mrs Noor Al Malki Executive Director of the DIIFSD.
Her statement was followed by statements from M .Hafedh Chekir, the Regional Director
of UNFPA and M .Patrick Taran, President of Global Migration Policy Associates.

4. Eight sessions followed by three dialogue sessions were held during the symposium.
Each session considered a different topic. Session 1 focused on migrant families in
destination countries: experiences, Session 2 discussed families in origin countries
affected by migration, Session 3 considered gender, family and migration, Session
4 discussed specific impact on and risks for children, Session 5 focused on regimes
of migration: impacts, costs and issues, Session 6 considered training, schooling
and employment for affected children and youth, Session 7 was devoted to policy
considerations and the concluding session discussed the recommendations and the
way forward.
Opening remarks on the Symposium significance, content, expectations and process
Authors: Taran Patrick
Published: March 2013

Format and participation

Welcome to a historic occasion, a first ever global gathering of experts addressing key issues
of our time: migration, family, and human dignity.

Indeed, despite thousands of years of human migration, usually in family groups, this is the
first time that migration and family have been looked at together in a truly international forum.

This first event is significant in who is here as well as what is on the agenda. It is safe to
say that we are truly eminent gathering of academics and practitioners who know what we
are talking about. We represent –necessarily-- a multi-disciplinary, multi-sector and and multiissue
approach. A look around this room will confirm that the best expertise from around the
world is well represented here. Nearly all of the key UN and international intergovernmental
organizations are represented, as are important civil society organizations.
Symposium on Migration, Family and Dignity
Authors: Kofman Eleonore
Published: March 2013

Though the most common source of long-term migration in countries which permit it, family migration has until recently attracted little attention from academics and policy makers due
in part to its conceptualization as female and a dependent form of migration that is of little
relevance to the labour market. However, during the past decade there has been a growing
body of academic literature generated through a collective interest in transnational migration
(Bryceson and Vuorela 2002); international marriages, including those by men moving as the
imported spouse (Charsley 2011, Williams 2010); gender, generation and families in migration
(Kraler et al. 2011); migrant families and multicultural societies (Grillo 2008), and families caring
across borders (Baldassar et al. 2007).
What are the characteristics, behaviors and problems for families and children? Case stories: Central Asia
Authors: Costachi Jana
Published: March 2013

Migrant workers bring an enormous contribution to the development of the Central Asia
(CA) region by providing skills that fill labour market needs in countries of destination, and by
providing remittances, return of talent and enhanced commercial activity in their countries of
origin, i.e., Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan.

International labour mobility has become increasingly important in CA over the past two
decades. The collapse of the Soviet Union and centralized employment system has entailed
considerable changes in labour markets and growth of internal and external labour migration.
The regional migration has affected all population strata, all age categories, men and women,
various occupations and social groups in CA. Migration has strengthened economic linkages
between actors in the regions as well as increased the development of speed gaps between
various countries.

According to the Central Asia Human Development Report (UNDP), just within the period
from early 1989 to early 2002, nearly 3 million people, or over 20% of the population, migrated
from Kazakhstan; 694,000 people (11% of the population) from Tajikistan; over 1 million people
(4%) from Uzbekistan, and 360,000 people (7%) from Kyrgyzstan.
Measuring the Economic Impact of the Tourism Industry in India Using the Tourism Satellite Account and Input—Output Analysis
Authors: Munjal Poonam
Published: March 2013

Tourism contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment of an economy. However, its contribution to an economy is difficult to quantify as it does not fall within the system of national accounts because of its demand-driven nature. In the Indian context, while the basic tourism statistics are readily available and the authorities have also started to prepare a Tourism Satellite Account, the inter-linkages of tourism with other industries are not known, as tourism does not feature in the framework of the nation's input–output tables as a separate industry. This paper attempts to fill this void and analyses the tourism industry's inter-linkages by placing it in the framework of the Input–Output Transactions Table (IOTT) and quantifying its overall impact on other industries through multiplier analysis.