bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) invasion in subarctic Iceland: evidence from a long-term study
Authors: Wasowicz Pawel , Óskarsdóttir Guðrún , Þórhallsdóttir Þóra Ellen
Published: January 2025

The North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) has been widely introduced globally and is now considered invasive in several countries. It was first planted in subarctic Iceland in the 1950s. Recently, the forestry sector has strongly promoted it as an attractive means of carbon capture to mitigate global climate change. It is now the most extensively planted tree species in Iceland. We describe the expansion of the lodgepole pine from a mid-20th-century plantation in Steinadalur, southeast Iceland, and decadal changes between 2010 and 2021. The extent of occurrence expanded nearly tenfold, with tree number and population density reflecting exponential growth patterns. The lodgepole pine colonised diverse habitats, including native birch woodlands and heathland, and was associated with significant reductions in vascular plant species richness and diversity. We conclude that lodgepole pine has the characteristics of an invasive species in Steinadalur and that this will also apply to many native ecosystems across most lowland regions of Iceland. Our study highlights the urgent need for management strategies to mitigate the long-term ecological impacts of lodgepole pine invasion in subarctic environments.
Off-label short-term use of thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) in the clinical therapy of fibromyalgia
Authors: Reshkova Valentina , Monov Simeon , Mandadjiev Alexander
Published: January 2025

Summary: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, chronic, nondegenerative musculoskeletal disorder of unknown etiology, and it requires a different clinical approach for every patient.

Objectives: The present clinical follow-up observes the effect of the central-acting myorelaxant thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) on clinical manifestations in patients with primary fibromyalgia.

Methods: The following article presents a prospective clinical follow-up in eighteen ambulatory women with primary fibromyalgia observed in 41 days.

Results: A significant difference between the 1st and 41st day of treatment with thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) 4 mg tablets in the mean number of pain points (15.4 ± 1.9 vs. 13.17 ± 1.5, p < 0.05), an increase in pain threshold (2.37 ± 0.4 to 2.58 ± 0.3, p > 0.05), and a decrease in the degree of chronic fatigue (7.1 ± 0.8 vs. 3.5 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). On the 41st day, the overall impact of treatment with thiocolchicoside on quality of life showed a significant improvement (37.5 ± 11 vs. 28 ± 8, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: As a short-term therapy, thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) has a positive effect on clinical manifestations in patients with primary fibromyalgia, which affects everyday activities and improves their quality of life.
Gymnema phuquocense (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Vietnam
Authors: Bui Thu Ha , Le Ngoc Han , Tran The Bach
Published: January 2025

A new species of Gymnema from Vietnam – G. phuquocense – is described, illustrated, and compared with the similar G. yunnanense. Gymnema phuquocense differs from G. yunnanense by the length of peduncle (3–4 mm vs. 10–13 mm), hairs on corolla lobe margin (absent vs. present), shape of seed (broadly ovate vs. ovate-oblong), shape of scale with 2 prominent longitudinal ridges on corolla tube (lanceolate vs. linear), and length of seeds (9–10 mm vs. 13–15 mm). A diagnostic key of the Gymnema species in Vietnam is also provided.
A new tree species of Compsoneura (Myristicaceae) from the Andean forests on the Eastern Cordillera Range, Colombia
Authors: Villanueva-Tamayo Boris , Paz-López Carlos , Ariza-Cortés William
Published: January 2025

Compsoneura crassitepala, a new species of Myristicaceae is described, illustrated and its morphological relationships with related species are discussed. This new species is found in Andean forests between 1400 and 1900 m a.s.l., located in the mountainous area of the Magdalena River Basin, Department of Boyacá, Colombia. Compsoneura crassitepala closely resembles Compsoneura lapidiflora in having a thick perianth in pistillate flowers. However, it differs by its leaves, which exhibit weak and partially brochidodromous venation with dendritic trichomes featuring a single axis on the underside. Additionally, it has floral characteristics such as a zig-zag pattern in the rachis direction of inflorescence and unusually thick, fleshy tepals in staminate flowers. Moreover, C. crassitepala is a remarkable species recorded at higher altitudes in Colombia, in an otherwise predominantly lowland forests genus (below 1550 m). A taxonomic key for the identification of the species of the genus is provided.
Contrôleurs de gestion et performance individuelle au travail :Une étude exploratoire des capacités mobilisées
Authors: Bahri Moujib , Ben Hamadi Zouhour , Chapellier Philippe , Fadil Nazik
Published: January 2025

La littérature montre que les rôles tenus par les contrôleurs de gestion sont multiples et de nature diverse. L’objectif de ce travail est de simplifier une littérature foisonnante en identifiant les capacités que les contrôleurs de gestion mobilisent dans l’exercice de ces rôles et de déterminer à quelles dimensions de la performance individuelle au travail (PIT) elles sont associées. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons réalisé un focus groupe et quatorze entretiens individuels semi-directifs. L’analyse des données réalisée via le logiciel IRaMuTeQ et d’une analyse thématique permet d’identifier trois domaines de capacités : « Applications comptables », « Accompagnement » et « Adaptabilité ». Nos résultats montrent ensuite que ces domaines de capacités peuvent être associés aux trois dimensions de la PIT. Notre proposition consiste ainsi à soutenir que les trois domaines de capacités identifiés (les 3 A) semblent mobilisables pour apprécier la PIT du contrôleur de gestion.
Marseille, quelle identité portuaire à l’époque contemporaine ?
Authors: Regnard Céline , Bartolotti Fabien
Published: January 2025

Depuis le xix e siècle, Marseille est associée à un éventail de narratifs qui ont façonné des imaginaires puissants et se sont sédimentés dans des traditions historiographiques. La « porte de l’Orient », la « capitale de l’empire colonial », la « ville cosmopolite » et la « métropole euroméditerranéenne » sont autant d’expressions chargées d’identités contradictoires et évolutives qui ne cessent de se référer à la trajectoire portuaire de la cité. Véritable dénominateur commun de ces discours, le port y est lui-même présenté selon le schéma « ascension/prospérité/déclin » et à travers le prisme des professions emblématiques de la vie maritime. En prenant appui sur une revue de la littérature scientifique et sur les recherches récemment engagées en histoire économique et sociale, cet article invite à porter le regard au-delà de ces récits, non pas pour en faire table rase, mais pour en complexifier la lecture et en nuancer l’importance.
La lutte d’un notable contre l’ivrognerie sous la Monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Sueur Nicolas
Published: January 2025

L’article porte sur la création de la Société de sobriété d’Amiens en 1835 par Henry Philippe Auguste Dutrône (1796-1866), notable philanthrope, par ailleurs conseiller royal auprès de la Cour d’Amiens. La naissance de cette société s’inscrit dans le mouvement des sociétés de tempérance venu des États-Unis, qui gagne progressivement l’Europe dans les années 1830. Si les historiens et historiennes ont beaucoup insisté sur les politiques de lutte antialcoolique menées en France après la Commune, ils ont parfois négligé la première moitié du xix e siècle. Cet exemple permet de montrer que les élites des monarchies postrévolutionnaires ne restent pas inactives face à la problématique de l’ivrognerie, perçue comme un fléau qui touche principalement la classe ouvrière. L’investissement de ce champ par Dutrône n’est pas entièrement désintéressé, étant en quête de reconnaissance tout à la fois sociale et politique, à l’image d’une bourgeoisie capacitaire en voie d’ascension. Cet article cherche à montrer que les réseaux philanthropiques ont joué un rôle majeur dans la construction de l’hygiène publique en France, au même titre que les professions de santé, les hommes politiques et autres experts.
Nouveaux modes de raisonnement, nouvel agencement des formations
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: January 2025

La formation des travailleurs sociaux, initiale et tout au long de la vie, s’est beaucoup transformée ces dernières années. D’autres changements sont attendus. Dans le contexte de la baisse d’attractivité des métiers du social, un ancrage fort dans le monde professionnel doit s’accompagner de la reconnaissance et de la valorisation des compétences au titre de l’enseignement supérieur. Cela permet de renforcer la place de la recherche dans le travail social. L’enjeu est d’être en capacité de répondre aux besoins en termes d’emplois dans un secteur en évolution permanente, tout en contribuant à un accompagnement de qualité des personnes en difficulté.
Les mini-séries françaises : réflexions sur l'écriture d'un format hybride
Authors: Servel Charlotte
Published: January 2025

Cet article explore l’écriture des mini-séries françaises à travers les défis créatifs, économiques et industriels qu’elles posent. En s’appuyant sur des témoignages de professionnels du secteur et des données récentes, il met en lumière les spécificités de ce format hybride, marqué par une tension entre intrigue bouclée et sérialité. L’article examine les particularités de l’écriture des mini-séries, ainsi que leur rôle dans un écosystème audiovisuel en mutation, dominé par la concurrence entre plateformes et chaînes linéaires. L'analyse proposée adopte une approche à la fois pragmatique et socio-économique.
Black oat, rye, and wheat cereals: kinetics and changes during hydrothermal processing
Authors: Tasso Ivisson de Souza , Nascimento Kauyse Matos , Jorge Luiz Mário de Matos , Jorge Regina Maria Matos
Published: January 2025

The grain hydration process is fundamental in cereal processing but can modify their physical and chemical properties. However, there is a gap in understanding the principles of mass transport (water) and its changes during the hydration phases, especially in rye, which has yet to be studied. A kinetic study was carried out to investigate moisture transfer and changes in starch during oats, rye, and wheat hydration. During the process it was observed that the mass transfer was directly affected by the system's temperature, which indicates changes in the absorption capacity over time. The tracer pigment indicated that water entered the grains by diffusion through the grain coating and capillarity through the fissures. Thermal analyses revealed that the starch remained unchanged at hydration temperatures below 50°C. Mathematical models describe the moisture gain in the different conditions studied, while the generalized model allows the experimental moisture to be predicted. This study contributes to understanding the time/temperature relationship in cereal hydration by presenting a kinetic model and examining changes in starch. This provides valuable insights to optimize the industrial operation of this stage and guides new project development.
Tunisian persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) jelly: Effect on physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, biological activities and sensory properties of bilayer yogurt
Authors: Allouache Radia , Koubaier Hayet Ben Haj , Mahmoudi Imen , Turki Mohamed , Snoussi Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the incorporation of the persimmon jelly on the quality of the bilayer yogurt. The samples were prepared using 10, 15and 20% layers of persimmon jelly. The products were stored at 4°C for four weeks. During this period, the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological and sensorial characteristics, phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were investigated. The results showed that a* and b* color parameters have been increased with the amount of the jelly layer.  Bilayer yogurts showed higher phenolic (2.245 ±0.11 mg AGE/g) and antioxidant capacities (58.91 ±0.51%) for Y20 than the control. The addition of persimmon jelly to yogurt did not affect the lactic bacteria growth. Regarding sensory evaluation, the scores for the different attributes increased as the amount of persimmon jelly added increased. Collectively, these findings revealed that persimmon fruit have the ability to improve the biological and the technological characteristics of yogurt as a functional food, which can be used as potential food ingredients.
Unlocking Employee Potential: Exploring the Influence of Identity Fu-sion and Pro-group Motivation on Productivity
Authors: Samaranayake D. I. J. , Jayarathna H. G. D. , Mithursan A.
Published: January 2025

This study observes the potential of identity fusion and pro-group motivation to improve employees’ productivity in the textile manufacturing industry in a time of health crisis. This follows explicitly to observe whether the identity-fused employees are pro-group motivated and exert more effort than non-identity-fused employees. The mode of inquiry of this study is a real effort experiment with pre-determined incentives and conducted as an online ex-periment for 152 employees selected randomly from one of the major Sri Lankan apparel industry networks. The findings from the experimental survey revealed that the majority of employees with fused identities are more pro-social, and pro-group motivated and those who are pro-group motivated exerted more effort than the subjects who are not motivated. Also, identity-fused subjects exert more effort than non-identity-fused subjects. Thus, the outcomes prove that identity fusion and pro-group motivation are effective in improving the productivity of employees.
The Transformative Effects of AI on Accounting Practices: A Systemat-ic Meta-Analysis Approach
Authors: Biswas Tanmay , Tarafder Anik
Published: January 2025

This research paper aims to investigate the profound changes Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings to the accounting sector. It focuses on understanding how AI is reshaping traditional accounting practices, the emerging roles and skill sets for accounting professionals, and the ethical challenges associated with AI adoption. The study also seeks to develop a framework for the responsible integration of AI in accounting practices, addressing the balance between maximizing AI's benefits and managing its risks. The study employed a mixed-methods ap-proach, integrating bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and surveys. At first we high-lighted the identification of research keywords from the source. Then, identified the source of bibliometric analysis, after that build-up a relationship, then, confirmation of gap identifi-cation and finally developed questionnaire to fill up the gap. Bibliometric data was collected from reputable databases like Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, focusing on publications between 2020 and 2023 where 100 samples are selected out of vast population according to the research design. The literature review included sources from various pub-lishers, with an emphasis on articles that intersect AI with accounting practices. The study reveals that AI significantly enhances efficiency and accuracy in accounting tasks, notably in data processing, auditing, and financial forecasting. AI's role in automating routine tasks and providing predictive insights is transforming the accounting profession, requiring new skillsets focused on AI integration and data interpretation.
Entrepreneurial Growth Intention and New Venture Performance in Times of Crisis: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Bandara W. M. H. K. , Surangi Hapugoda Achchi Kankanamge Nadee Sheresha , Jayawardhana Kumudu
Published: January 2025

We argue that the severity of the crisis a firm is exposed to acts as a positive contingency for the performance level of the new venture. Despite numerous investigations into new venture perfor-mance, our comprehension of the factors impacting such performance during a crisis remains in-complete. This paper seeks to construct a comprehensive model encompassing these factors and provide the proposed conceptual model and propositions. Employing a methodology that includes an exhaustive review of empirical and conceptual articles related to the subject, the suggested framework was developed through a diverse integration of available research. According to the study's theoretical underpinnings, there is a direct relationship between entrepreneurial growth in-tention and new venture performance and an indirect relationship mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Strategic agility is proposed as the moderator, and when strategic agility is higher, the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the new venture performance is greater. The study contributes to extending the framework's application within the ontological realms of entre-preneurship and crisis literature. In conclusion, this study not only advances our understanding of the dynamics of new venture performance during crises but also opens avenues for future explo-rations in our conceptualization.
Cutaneous manifestations associated with unknown HIV infection: a case report
Authors: Iacovelli Paolo , Pigliacelli Flavia , Mariano Maria , Cameli Norma , Giglio Amalia , Pacifico Alessia , Gianserra Laura , Latini Alessandra , Stingone Christof
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous manifestations are extremely common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), and sometimes, these manifestations can help with the diagnosis. In the advanced stages of the infection, the impairment of the immune system can increase susceptibility to cutaneous infections. We present the case of a patient affected by an unknown advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection whose diagnosis was made through skin manifestations.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic injuries in children: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Molaro Mara , Turcato Gianni , Sibilio Serena , Brigiari Gloria , Weissmann Gaia , Cogo Paola , Schmidt Olaf , Brigo Francesco
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic affected pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for traumatic injuries. This retrospective study analyzed data from Merano Hospital, Italy, spanning January 2018 to October 2022, focusing on standardized ED visits per 1000 orthopedic attendances. Findings indicated a significant decline in ED visits at the pandemic’s onset (March 2020), followed by a gradual increase until April 2022, when emergency measures ended. Fracture and orthopedic procedure rates remained stable, while dislocations saw a temporary increase, then declined significantly. Overall, the pandemic’s influence on pediatric trauma was minimal, with ED visits and injury patterns returning to pre-pandemic levels. These findings suggest that pandemic-related restrictions, including reduced outdoor activities and fewer traffic accidents, may have temporarily modified injury risk factors.
The mental health implication of mpox: Enhancing care with genetic insights
Authors: Ejiohuo Ovinuchi
Published: January 2025

The intersection of mpox and mental health is a critical concern, particularly for individuals with pre-existing mental disorders, who face heightened psychological stress and exacerbation of symptoms. This study explores the potential of genetic testing, such as Polygenic Risk Scores and pharmacogenetics, in enhancing mental disorders and mpox management. By tailoring treatment and prevention strategies to an individual’s genetic profile, clinicians can provide more personalised care, reducing adverse effects and improving outcomes. Furthermore, genetic insights can inform the development of safer vaccines and early interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations. The study underscores the importance of integrating mental and public health strategies, advocating for targeted research and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to effectively address these complex health challenges.
Domestic violence: Screening and management in South Africa
Authors: Pretorius Deidré , Ruch Aviva
Published: January 2025

Violence manifests in various ways in healthcare, including trauma from an undifferentiated patient, psychosomatic illness, substance abuse or dependency and mental health challenges. Different forms of violence exist, such as intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, elder abuse, sexual violence, self-directed violence and collective violence. These may be included in domestic violence or exist as standalone forms. Health practitioners play a pivotal role in managing incidents of domestic violence. This article highlights the definitions in the Amended Domestic Violence Act of 2021 and suggests screening options for domestic violence. The authors also suggest screening tools, a management flow diagram and contact numbers for resources. Domestic violence can be a generational curse that compromises biopsychosocial wellbeing. To break the perceived culture of violence, healthcare workers play a pivotal role in screening and management, as well as the mandatory reporting of domestic violence when children and the elderly are sharing such a household.
Characteristics of paediatric burn injuries seen in the tertiary emergency centre, South Africa
Authors: Mugwena Ntsovelo , Human Rule , Geyser Maria M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Burn injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality, with prevalence in developing countries such as South Africa. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and referral patterns of burn injuries.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a single emergency centre, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. The study included patients 13 years with burn injuries.Results: A total of 266 patients were identified. Males (n = 144, 54.1%) had a higher prevalence of incurring burn injuries. The majority of injuries were secondary to scald burns (n = 237, 89.1%). A total of 208 (78.2%) patients had a percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) of 10%, and 257 (96.6%) had superficial partial-thickness burns. Only 77 (28.9%) cases were from referral centres and there was no relationship between referral pattern and %TBSA. Majority (n = 248, 93.2%) received no pre-hospital wound care. Only 108 (40.6%) patients were admitted and the median length of hospital stay (interquartile range [IQR]) was 7 days (2 to 9). There was a significant relationship between the length of hospital stay and %TBSA burns (p  0.001).Conclusion: The pattern of burn injuries in patients is similar to previous studies carried out predominantly in townships in South Africa. Most referrals were found to be appropriate and complied with institutional burn injury admission protocol, although pre-hospital wound care was inadequate.Contribution: Primary burn injury care is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality, and development of programmes for public awareness of burn injuries remains crucial.
Mastering your fellowship: Part 1, 2025
Authors: Von Pressentin Klaus B. , Musonda John M. , Naidoo Mergan , Torlutter Michéle , Marincowitz Gert , Rangiah Selvandran , Badat Zakariya
Published: January 2025

The series ‘Mastering your Fellowship’ provides examples of the question formats encountered in the written and clinical examinations, Part A of the Fellowship of the College of Family Physicians of South Africa (FCFP [SA]) examination. The series aims to help family medicine registrars (and supervisors) prepare for this examination.
Primary health care strengthening through the lens of healthcare system thinking
Authors: Kaswa Ramprakash , Von Pressentin Klaus
Published: January 2025

Despite the strides made in healthcare, many countries still struggle to meet citizen healthcare needs, leading to global and regional health inequalities. The complex interactions between healthcare systems and disciplines present challenges for primary care providers and family physicians. Primary care providers must be equipped with tools and resources to effectively fulfil their duties, such as clinical governance, leadership and capacity building. This article focusses on various thinking approaches that primary care providers can employ, namely systems thinking, complexity science thinking and learning health systems thinking. We appreciate that individual styles and preferences, organisational culture and systemic realities influence multiple modes of thinking and decision-making. A range of modes of thinking and mental models will assist with tackling challenges and opportunities in the primary healthcare system. We hope this brief overview encourages readers to experiment with different ways of thinking to help facilitate innovative solutions.
Assessment of Systemic Oxidative Stress Modulation in Melasma Following Treatment with Yellow Light Laser 577 nm and Topical 0.3% 4N Butyl Resorcinol: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: Khurana Neelam , Mehdi Mohammad M. , Sawhney Mohinder P. S. , Bansal Sanjiv K.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder of the skin. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of melasma. Upregulated levels of circulatory antioxidants in blood serum and vascular endothelial growth factors in melasma lesions have been observed. The prospective study was conducted to compare the effect of the treatment of melasma with and without the use of a 577 nm vascular laser on levels of enzymatic antioxidants.

Aims and Objectives:

To compare the modulation in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants in melasma patients treated with 577 nm yellow light laser in combination with topical depigmenting serum as compared to those using depigmenting serum alone.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients with melasma of both sexes were randomly divided into groups of 30 each. Group A patients were treated with yellow light laser 577 nm (wavelength) once every 4 weeks for 4 sittings and topical depigmenting serum (4n butyl resorcinol) daily for 24 weeks. Group B patients were treated only with topical depigmenting serum. Levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehydes (MDA) were estimated at 0 and 24 weeks.

Results:

Mean difference in lowering of the antioxidant levels in Group A and B was SOD1 (0.73 versus 0.12), GPX1, (0.62 versus 0.30), iNOS (1.56 versus 0.52), MDA, (0.73 versus 0.38), TAC (2.24 versus 1.28). A significantly higher mean of difference was observed in patients treated with combination therapy.

Conclusion:

Significantly higher reduction of enzymatic antioxidants with 577 nm yellow light laser in combination with 4 N-butyl resorcinol as compared to topical depigmenting agent alone recommends that combination therapy in melasma may target different aspects of a condition to enhance overall effectiveness.
Correlation of P53 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Xiangmei , Duan Lijiang
Published: January 2025

Background:

Investigation of a potential prognostic marker expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can help patients benefit from new target therapeuticmodalities.

Aims:

To study the expression and correlation of P53 protein and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) related makers in NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:

32 cases were selected for immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the expression of P53 and EMT-related makers.

Results:

The positive expression rate of P53 and the incidence of EMT in NSCLC were closely linked to TNM stages, differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). A positive association was found between P53 and EMT (r = 0.380, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

There is a positive association between P53, snail, and EMT. P53 may affect EMT in NSCLC by up-regulating the expression of Snail and further promoting cancer invasion and metastasis.
Bradycardia in severely dehydrated cholera patient: A case report
Authors: Shah Ronak
Published: January 2025

Rationale:

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by Vibrio cholerae. It threatens global health and signifies a lack of proper access to clean water and sanitation. If not treated properly, cholera causes severe watery diarrhea that can lead to hypovolemic shock.

Patient’s Concern:

A 23-year-old male patient was admitted with severe diarrhea with a frequency of fifteen to twenty loose, watery stools and was severely dehydrated. The patient developed severe bradycardia with a positive serum troponin level and no chest pain. Initial electrocardiogram on the day of admission was sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 120 beats/min on the third day of admission, the patient developed bradycardia with a heart rate of 45 beats/min with a prolonged QT interval of 550 msec (corrected QT interval 476 msec).

Diagnosis:

Cholera with sinus bradycardia with prolonged QT interval.

Interventions:

Based on the clinical situation and the inferior vena cava status determined by ultrasound, a thorough fluid resuscitation using crystalloids was performed. The patient was then administered antibiotics: oral doxycycline 300 mg STAT and intravenous ciprofloxacin 15 mg/kg twice daily for three days.

Outcomes:

After 5 days of adequate hydration and antimicrobial treatment, diarrhea was resolved and heart rate improved with no electrocardiogram abnormalities.

Lessons:

This case report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and managing severe diarrhea in cholera patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. Public awareness regarding cholera and its complications is necessary for the betterment of the community.
A preliminary study of the causes, management and complications of orbital blowout fractures in University Hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Ong Ah Hup Michael , Abbas Talib H.
Published: January 2025

Aim:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence, causes, management and surgical outcomes of 15 patients with orbital blowout fracture.

Methods:

During the period of 19-years (1981-1999), out of 870 patients sustained with maxillofacial injuries in the University Hospital, 557 had midthird fractures, 100 had orbital fractures, 46 had orbital floor fractures, 15 patients recorded with pure blowout fractures and 6 had loss of vision.

Results:

Blowout fractures made up of 33 % of orbital floor fractures and 15% of orbital fractures, but only 2.7% of midthird fractures. For patients with blowout fracture (n=15), the average age of the patients (range 9-43) was 21 years. The ratio of male to female is 4:1. The aetiology was 7(47%) road traffic accidents, 5 (33%) alleged assaults and 3 (20%) injuries from falls. Majority of patients were treated with Ttitanium mesh (47%, n=7) and Silastic implants (33%, n=5). One patient was treated with bone graft and 2 without. The average time of surgery from trauma is 6.5 weeks and follow-up of patients is 21 months. Preoperatively, 6 patients had significant diplopia, 3 had significant enophthalmos and 6 had paraesthesia. Postoperatively, 4 still had significant diplopia (67%), 2 with significant enophthalmos (67%) and 3 still had paraesthesia (50%).

Conclusion:

The main cause of orbital blowout fractures was road traffic accident and none of the patients had loss of vision. Titanium and Silastic implants were used but neither suggest better results postoperatively.
In vitro study on leakage in extracted teeth filled with Thermafil® prior and following apicectomy
Authors: Gäbler S. , Neise E. , Eckelt U.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine the sealing capacity of Thermafil® in orthograde root fillings. One-hundred-and-twenty single rooted teeth were divided into four groups of 30 teeth each and in each of these groups a different root filling technique was applied: single-cone method, lateral condensation, Thermafil® prior to apicectomy and Thermafil® following apicectomy. After the root canals were prepared and filled according to the different techniques, passive penetration with methylene blue (1%) were performed for 48 hours. Evaluation under the stereoscopic microscope revealed the following arithmetic means for leakage depth: lateral condensation 1.1 mm, Thermafil® following apicectomy 1.5 mm, Thermafil® prior to apicectomy 2.0 mm, single-cone method 2.7 mm. The two Thermafil® groups were not significantly different from lateral condensation. Intraoperative filling of root canals with Thermafil® therefore can be recommended as a simple and time-saving filling technique.
Recurrent Mandibular ameloblastoma
Authors: Ong Ah Hup Michael
Published: January 2025

Successful management of a recurrent mandibular ameloblastoma, which is locally aggresive, can sometimes be difficult. How to prevent its recurrence and to restore the function as well as appearance in primary reconstruction of the mandible are challenges facedb y oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The choice of treatment depends on various factors when considering a radical resection or a conservative approach. In our unit, the majority of mandibular ameloblastoma occured at the body-ramus region of the jaw and in the third decade with no preference of either sex. A higher percentage of recurrence was also found in the mandible treated with conservative surgery when compared to radical surgery. Two case reports are presented to show the choice of the different surgical approach for the successful treatment of recurrent ameloblastoma and the surgical technique used for primary reconstruction of the mandible in our unit.
A simple and cheap way of reusing the titanium implant. Case report with a technical note
Authors: Ong Ah Hup Michael
Published: January 2025

Oral implants are known for replacing missing teeth especially for edentulous geriatric patients with severe alveolar ridge resorption to restore good masticatory function, speech and aesthetics. A cheap method of sterilising and reusing a titanium implant at the next visit with successful osseointegration in the clinic is described. This simple technique of surface treatment of the titanium implant can be carried out in the local clinic.
Sevoflurane for difficult tracheal intubation in the paediatric dental patients
Authors: Mansor M. , Ong A.H.M. , Wang C.Y.
Published: January 2025

Two children in whom difficult tracheal intubation was expected were presented for oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. We describe how anaesthesia was induced rapidly and safely by inhalation of sevoflurane using a stepwise induction technique followed by the fibreoptic or conventional tracheal intubation in these patients with limited mouth opening.
Sensory impairment following lower third molar surgery
Authors: Mahadzir Wan , Mun Yuen Kar , A Khamiza Z , Bakar Zurina A
Published: January 2025

This single centre 5 year prospective study reports the incidence of impairment of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve sensation following the removal of impacted lower molars and investigates the relationship between nerve damage and age, depth and type of impaction, gender, surgical technique, time taken, raising of the lingual flap during surgery and grade of staff and assistant. The study covers 246 patients who had 261 wisdom teeth removed. The patients were unselected for age, gender or social class.

Impairment was determined by direct questioning of the patients. After 7 days the incidence of lingual nerve impairment was 2.0% percent. The incidence of inferior alveolar nerve impairment was 2.8% percent. No permanent nerve damage was recorded. The study suggests that lingual and inferior dental nerve paraesthesia were related to the type of impaction, degree of difficulty and not sectioning the tooth.
Necrotising fasciitis
Authors: R Ramli , B Aghabeigi
Published: January 2025

Necrotising fasciitis is a serious bacterial infection involving the superficial fascial tissue planes. Because the occurrence is rare, misdiagnosis can lead to serious complications.

In this report, we present a case of necrotising fasciitis, which originated from a dentoalveolar infection.
Unusual penetrating floor of mouth injury with a window hook
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir Bin Wan , Nasir Abdul Majid
Published: January 2025

A case of accidental impalement on a window hook is reported. The patient was conscious at the time of admission, with the window hook in situ. Treatment consisted of simple removal of the window hook. Post surgical recovery was uneventful. No permanent vascular or neurological deficits were noted.
Le Fort I Advancement Stability
Authors: S Iqbal , Tin Ong Siew
Published: January 2025

Amongst the many factors that could affect the stability of the osteotomy are types of fixation and the amount of movements of osteotomy sites. It was decided that these aspects be examined for the orthognathic cases undertaken at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. This study compares the stability of Le Fort I maxillary advancement between combined wire fixation (CWF) and rigid internal fixation (RIF). Twenty two cases were reviewed consisting of twelve cases of combined wire fixation (CWF) and ten cases of rigid internal fixation (RIF). Surgical stability was evaluated by comparing lateral cephalometric radiographs at three predetermined intervals. The mean advancement measured from the anterior nasal spine (ANS) for the CWF group was 5.1mm while the RIF group was 4.3mm. A relapse of less than 2mm was considered as good stability and anything more as poor stability. Based on this criterion, when ANS was used as a reference point, 70% in RIF showed good stability compared to 41.7% in CWF. The observed trend in this study suggests that for Le Fort I maxillary advancement, RIF may have improved stability over CWF.
The Use Of Image Intensifier To Aid The Removal Of Impacted Fish Bone In The Tongue
Authors: Roslan A R , Ramli R
Published: January 2025

Impaction of fish bones in the upper digestive tract often leads to devastating effect. In a society where fish is part of a staple diet, fish bone impaction commonly occurs, especially when the fish is not filleted before cooking.

Detection and localisation of the foreign body may present as a clinical as well as radiographic challenge to the clinician. We present here a case of fish bone embedded in the tongue, which was detected using a stereotactic method. The fish bone was successfully removed under general anaesthesia. The patient remained well on further follow up.

It can be concluded that the image intensifier is useful as an aid to locate deeply buried fish bones as well as other foreign body in the oral cavity.
Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Of The Mandible
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Hin Lau Shin , Haron Mohd Roslan , Han Ng Kok
Published: January 2025

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) comprises a small percentage of salivary gland neoplasm. Mandible is the commonest site for intraosseus MEC. Its rare occurrence often leads to clinical misdiagnosis of a cyst or benign odontogenic tumour such as ameloblastoma.

A case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible is described. The origin, classification and management of the case are discussed.
Nerve morbidity following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar
Authors: Nordin Rifqah , Tajuddin Nurkhairin , Ramli Nalisha Mohamed , Anuar Norsamihah , Ramli Roszalina
Published: January 2025

Paraesthesia or anaesthesia is a well-documented complication following mandibular third molar surgery. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the occurrence of nerve morbidity following surgical removal of mandibular third molar and to determine the factors that may influence or contribute to it.

Records of 178 patients who attended the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for removal of their mandibular wisdom teeth from January 1998 to December 2002 were selected. Results showed that 3.4% inferior alveolar nerve morbidity was noted in the form of temporary paraesthesia. Inferior alveolar nerve morbidity was greater with mesioangular impaction and when the teeth were removed under local anaesthesia. The mean age of patients with nerve morbidity was 32.2 years old.
Massive maxillofacial injuries from a tiger attack
Authors: Raman Rusdi Abd
Published: January 2025

A rare case of severe maxillofacial trauma sustained as a result of tiger attack is presented.

A Malay gentleman was attacked by a tiger while tapping rubber in his estate in the District of Jeli in Kelantan. He sustained massive laceration wound on his face, fractured left zygomatic complex with detachment of the masseter and temporalis muscles. He also suffered injury to the left parotid gland and the facial nerve. The left zygomatic arch and prominence were repositioned and plated using 2.0 mm titanium osteosynthesis implants. The masseter muscle was reattached to its point of origin and the temporalis muscle to its point of insertion using resorbable Vicry 3/0 sutures. The severed parotid gland was repositioned and sutured. Postoperatively, salivary fistula developed which healed spontaneously. There was weakness on the muscles of facial expression supplied by temporal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve. The function of facial nerve improved but not completely.
Oral myiasis
Authors: Royan Stephen Joseph , Kanagaratnam S. Sunthari
Published: January 2025

Oral myiasis is an uncommon condition in which the larvae of flies (maggots) are found in the mouths of living persons. In this article, three cases of oral myiasis are described. The condition and the management are discussed.
Metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour to the oral cavity
Authors: Jalil AA , SH Lau , WM Mustafa , PY Chye , M Suryati
Published: January 2025

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is closely associated with neurofibromatosis 1. Usually the lesion will metastasize to the lung, other extrapulmonary common metastatic sites include bone, liver, lymph node and brain. A case of MPNST metastasized to the mandible is presented. A 36 year old Indian lady was referred for evaluation of a swelling on the right mandible which extended from the right lower first premolar to the right lower third molar tooth. The intra- oral mass was interfering with her speech and occlusion. Her past medical history revealed she was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis at the age of 18 years old. She was also presented with swelling and pain over right thigh for which a biopsy was carried out and reported as MPNST. An incisional biopsy was performed on the intra-oral growth and a metastatic MPNST was diagnosed. To date this is the first reported case of MPNST metastasized to the oral cavity.
Metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma to the mandible
Authors: AJ Ajura , S Rohana , SH Lau
Published: January 2025

Metastatic tumours involving the oral cavity are rare with primary sites originating from the breast, lung, prostate, rectum and thyroid. Metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma to the oral cavity is not very frequent with only a few cases reported in the literature. A case of metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid to the mandible in a 63 year old female Malay is presented. Patient had been diagnosed with advanced thyroid carcinoma with bones and lung metastases. The patient was referred for evaluation of a painless, soft, lobulated growth measuring 2.5 x 3.0 cm on the lower left edentulous alveolar region which was noted for a month duration. Orthopantomogram view revealed a large radiolucency extending from the distal of lower left third molar tooth to the left premolar- canine region. A biopsy of the growth was performed, and metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid origin was diagnosed. Immmunohistochemistry was carried out and showed the tumour cells were positive for thyroglobulin. Patients presenting with growth seen intra-orally and/or presence of radiolucent lesion of the jaw bones noted radiographically, and with a history of malignancy should be investigated for the high possibility of a metastatic tumour.
An Unlikely Foreign Body In The Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Baharudin Julaiha
Published: January 2025

This case report describes the diagnosis and management of an unusual foreign body in right maxillary sinus of a 28 years old Myanmar man. A metallic bolt lodged in the right maxillary sinus for more than 2 years caused recurrent episodes of pain and swelling over the patients right cheek. Access to right maxillary sinus was gained through Caldwell-Luc Procedure. The bolt and the entire antral lining was removed successfully. The importance of pre and intra-operative radiological examination in making the removal of the foreign body both expedient and complication-free was emphasized.
Sports related facial fractures presenting to Ministry of Health Hospitals Malaysia – A preliminary study
Authors: Mustafa WM , KK Tay , HL Tan , N Hassan
Published: January 2025

In a one year period 1862 facial fractures were reported at 23 Ministry of Health Hospitals. Eighteen of these (0.97%) were sports related of which 17 were males and 16 patients were aged below 30 years (mean 19.8 years). Mandibular fractures were the most common (8 cases, 47.06%) followed by maxilla and zygoma. Eleven (61%) cases of facial fractures occurred while playing soccer. The majority of fractures (7 cases, 38.9%) were managed by closed reduction. Only 4 cases (23.5%) required open reduction and fixation.
Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma
Authors: Awang Rithuan , Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Hin Lau Shin
Published: January 2025

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the jaws (PIOSCC) is reportedly a very rare lesion, but may not be as rare as commonly believed. The source of the epithelium giving rise to an intraosseous carcinoma is believed to be the epithelium involved in odontogenesis. A case of PIOSCC of the mandible initially misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst is presented here. The first treatment consisted of enucleation as for a cyst. However followed a histopathological diagnosis of PIOSCC, chemoradiation was the treatment modality prescribed. The literature on carcinomas arising in the jaws is briefly reviewed.
Idiopathic Bilateral Facial Paralysis
Authors: Randhawa Jaswinder Singh , Din Shah Kamal Khan Jamal , Din Mohd. Yussof Hj. Najar , Abidin Marzuki Zainal
Published: January 2025

Bell's palsy or idiopathic facial paralysis is a dysfunction of the 7th cranial nerve (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. We present a rare case of idiopathic bilateral facial nerve palsy of sudden onset in a healthy 37 year old Malay male who was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic for treatment. He presented with bilateral facial drooping and inability to speak after experiencing an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) a week earlier. His condition was diagnosed as idiopathic bilateral facial paralysis through clinical examination which ruled out absence of signs and symptoms of ear, posterior fossa and CNS diseases. The MRI revealed no abnormalities in relation to his condition. He was treated with an antiviral and corticosteroid course for 10 days followed by physiotherapy for 3 months.
How I do it
Authors: AJ Nazimi , R Nordin
Published: January 2025

We describe the modified Carrol-Girard (T-Bar) screw technique for effective reduction of zygomatic complex fracture that can be utilized with both subciliary and lateral brow approach.