bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSTAGRAM: UMA PROPOSTA DIGITAL PARA O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA E DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Ibiapina Vinício Francisco , Gonçalves Monique
Published: August 2023

O contexto pandêmico expôs uma necessidade de professores dialogarem mais com as novas tecnologias devido ao ensino remoto. Isso evidenciou ainda mais a importância de uma formação continuada ou de uma formação inicial de professores que se aproprie das tecnologias para potencializar o seu fazer docente. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) ressalta o uso das tecnologias em sala de aula, por ser entendida como ferramenta fundamental para o mundo moderno, influenciando consideravelmente nas formas de trabalho, comunicação, relacionamento e aprendizagem. Em meio as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), as redes sociais podem surgir como um meio complementar para aproximar o cotidiano dos alunos aos conteúdos de química. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de recursos adicionais de ensino de química em uma página na rede social Instagram, analisando as possibilidades do uso didático de memes da internet associado ao conteúdo de química nas publicações e do uso da ferramenta de “Teste” do Instagram Stories como ferramenta diagnostica adicional de avaliação.
NUDGING E GAMIFICAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO: UM ESTUDO DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA MINIMIZAR OS EFEITOS DAS FAKE NEWS E AUMENTAR O CONHECIMENTO SOBRE A COVID-19
Authors: Abreu Bárbara Cunha , Roazzi Antonio
Published: August 2023

No atual contexto de pandemia decorrente do novo coronavírus (covid-19), vivencia-se também a disseminação de fake news que induzem os indivíduos a um quadro de negacionismo e decisões ruins. Neste cenário, conhecer os processos que impulsionam o ser humano a tomar decisões é de extrema importância para compreender os mais variados aspectos dos comportamentos dos sujeitos. Segundo os estudos de Thaler e Sunstein (2008), as formas como as alternativas de uma determinada escolha são apresentadas podem ajudar as pessoas a ter boas atitudes, e pequenos empurrões – “nudges” – facilitam o reconhecimento das melhores opções. Com o aumento do uso das plataformas digitais, ocorrido nas últimas décadas, é importante entender também os comportamentos reproduzidos digitalmente no cenário hipercultural e a influência dos nudges no ambiente on-line. A técnica da gamificação também se destaca nesse panorama, sendo utilizada em diferentes situações para promover aprendizagens e induzir comportamentos. Assim, pensando na importância de propor estratégias de superação da pandemia, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição da Teoria de Nudges e da gamificação no processo de tomada de decisão dos sujeitos, corroborando com a prevenção e o controle da covid-19 no Brasil. A pesquisa contou com 160 participantes brasileiros e foi desenvolvida a partir do método experimental e de intervenção, visando provocar mudanças nos grupos submetidos a investigação; comparando os resultados pré-teste/ pós-teste, para auxiliar no combate desta, e de futuras epidemias. O presente estudo revelou dados importantes, sendo constatado um aumento do conhecimento sobre a covid-19 e diminuição em crenças conspiratórias.
(DES)COLONIZAÇÃO LINGUÍSTICA NO BRASIL E OBSERVAÇÃO DE FRAGMENTOS DA ATUALIDADE
Authors: Silva Rosália Aparecida da
Published: August 2023

O objetivo é (re)pensar a língua enquanto acontecimento e em movimento contínuo de disputa. A observação ocorre a partir de uma palavra e suas possibilidades de expressões semelhantes. O embasamento teórico vem de Orlandi (1990, 2007, 2009 e 2013), de Auroux (2009) e de Pêcheux (2015). O estudo é sobre a produção de conhecimento da língua, a “língua brasileira” e os instrumentos linguísticos e gramatização enquanto fontes de poder, com atuação em (dis)curso de uma atualidade e de uma memória construindo uma identidade nacional. Como resultado do estudo de fragmento da atualidade, em texto em formato de lista de sinônimos publicada em jornal e suas repercussões, estuda-se uma língua viva, opaca e em movimento.
MANGUEBIT: UMA ANÁLISE ESPECTRAL E ESTRUTURAL DO MANGUE DA VILA RESIDENCIAL, NA ILHA DO FUNDÃO
Authors: Magalhães Danylo Mendonça , Fialho Maria Fernanda Dos Santos , Amaral Felipe Gonçalves , Cruz Carla Madureira
Published: August 2023

A Ilha do Fundão surgiu em 1949, para acomodar a Cidade Universitária do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, a partir do aterramento de oito ilhas: Fundão, Baiacu, Cabras, Pindaí do Ferreira, Pindaí do França, Catalão, Bom Jesus e Sapucaia; com uma superfície de 5,9 milhões de m². O presente trabalho tem como objetivo diagnosticar as características fisionômicas do mangue da Vila Residencial, na Cidade Universitária, a partir da análise dos respectivos índices espectrais, índices de vegetação e aspectos estruturais da vegetação. Assim, foram selecionadas seis fisionomias diferentes, através de análise visual e, posteriormente, efetuou-se a segmentação das imagens através do software Spring, buscando compartimentar em áreas homogêneas as fisionomias indicadas. Foram calculados dois índices de vegetação: o NDVI e o NDWI; bem como, coletadas as informações a respeito dos aspectos estruturais da vegetação, em apoio à geração de mapas através do software ArcMap, além de gerados e gráficos de curvas espectrais e de correlação, através da plataforma Google Sheet. Portanto, foram identificados dois tipos de espécie na região, a rizophora majoritariamente localizada nas áreas de mangue replantado e a espécie avicennia localizada em áreas naturalmente desenvolvidas, como as áreas de mangue original e as de mangue acrescido naturalmente nas intermediações da Baía de Guanabara.
MAGÉ-RJ E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E CULTURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA, AFRICANA E INDÍGENA (EHCAI): UMA ANÁLISE DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS A PARTIR DA ÓTICA GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Machado da Rocha Bruna , Correa Gabriel Siqueira
Published: August 2023

Nos últimos anos observou-se uma série de disputas curriculares, entre distintos agentes da sociedade, para definir prioridades sobre o que deveria ser ensinado na educação básica. Estas disputas resultaram em mudanças nos conteúdos a serem ministrados nas escolas municipais e estaduais. Diante deste contexto de transformação curricular e disputas, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a criação e o currículo da disciplina de Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira, Africana e Indígena (EHCAI), na educação básica do ensino do Município de Magé, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro sob a ótica da geografia. Para realizar esta análise foi adotado como campo metodológico a leitura de diferentes dispositivos legais que estruturam a criação da disciplina, entre eles a lei 10.639/03. O artigo foi dividido em três momentos analíticos: debate sobre currículo enquanto espaço de disputa e a Lei 10.639/03; a experiência de Magé com a implementação das disciplinas diversificadas no Ensino Fundamental II; e o currículo do EHCAI, apresentando limitações e potencialidades à luz de um campo geográfico. Como resultado percebeu-se que a disciplina dialoga, e até mesmo é análoga ao currículo da geografia, contudo, apresenta limitações no campo de discussões que não recobrem seu objetivo.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Glauco Bruce , Ramos Tatiana Tramontani , Grandi Matheus Da Silveira
Published: August 2023

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EDITORIAL
Authors: Wanderley Luiz Jardim de Moraes
Published: August 2023

Editorial v. 19 n. 2
Ofsted international early years report
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: August 2023

Ofsted recently published a report into international perspectives on early years. The inspectorate carried out a review of international early years research in Autumn 2022. They also surveyed academics and others from around the world, inviting delegates to a roundtable discussion. Sue Cowley explains more.
Sector Uncertainty
Authors: Macbeth Rachel
Published: August 2023

There are lots of confusing and sometimes ambiguous messages about the role of Ofsted in the sector. I see lots of nursery owners who are not sure about Ofsted (what to report and when), the inspection process or what training they should be accessing to prepare for this.
Artificial intelligence in orthopaedics
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Simpson A. H. R. W.
Published: August 2023

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(8):494–496.
Because of the Sun? The Centennial of Taras Shevchenko’s Birth in Kyiv in 1914 and Anationalism in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Murata Yuki
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article explores the extent of Ukrainian and Russian national mobilization in Kyiv during the centennial of Taras Shevchenko’s birth in February 1914. Inspired by recent study on ‘national indifference’, it analyses primary sources, including local newspapers and police reports, to examine the street demonstration protesting the government’s prohibition of the centennial and the ensuing controversy caused by sensationalist reports in right-wing Russian nationalist newspapers. The article argues that although nationalized interpretation was prevalent in the imperial capital, Kyiv’s residents were only weakly nationally mobilized. Finally, it suggests that nationality issues in various locations of late imperial Russia should be studied with a focus on the gap between nationalized discourse and reality on the ground.
Measuring laser-speckle statistics in scaled-laboratory experiments
Authors: Barnes Wesley , Chang Hongrok , Spencer Mark F.
Published: August 2023

Generating fully developed speckle in a repeatable way is of interest to ongoing scaled-laboratory experiments. Such experiments often look to validate theoretical and numerical predictions for numerous laser-based applications. Unfortunately, experimental constraints such as camera-pixel sampling, residual-sensor noise, and cover-glass etaloning limit one’s ability to match the statistics of fully formed speckle in a straightforward way. In this paper, we develop expressions for the speckle probability density function (PDF) and speckle contrast, which account for the effects of camera-pixel sampling (relative to the size of the speckles), as well as Gaussian-distributed additive noise. We validate these expressions using wave-optics simulations, which also account for the separate effects of cover-glass etaloning. Next, we set up an experiment that limits the effects of the cover-glass etaloning (as much as possible). The results show excellent agreement with the expressions we develop for the speckle PDF and speckle contrast. This agreement will enable future scaled-laboratory experiments to match the statistics of fully developed speckle in a straightforward way.
Frequency resolution improvement by sub-bins and an inverse matrix in discrete Fourier transform
Authors: Sato Manabu , Nakabayashi Shunta , Ito Ryusei , Masuta Junpei , Kosaka Tetsuo
Published: August 2023

We proposed a method to use sub-bins (SBs) and the inverse matrix to reduce the spectral leakage in discrete Fourier transform (DFT) over the conventional spectral resolution. SBs were assigned between two conventional bins. Utilizing the real signal, the process reproducing complex amplitudes at each SB was described and confirmed through simulations with the pseudo-inverse matrix. In experiments, with the 256 number of data, the frequency interval of k=107 and 108 was 4 divided by SBs. The single-peak spectrum at each SB frequency was measured clearly. Using the two signals with frequencies corresponding to two SBs within the conventional bin interval, the spectrum with two peaks was also measured. The linearity was confirmed for the input range from 0.1–5 V. The feasibility of this method to improve the frequency resolution has been shown for various optical applications.
Use of outpatient healthcare services before and after the onset of unemployment: A register-based propensity score matched study from Finland
Authors: Rinne Hanna , Blomgren Jenni
Published: August 2023

Aims

The aim was to examine the use of outpatient healthcare services in different sectors of healthcare before and after the onset of unemployment and to study whether job loss affected the use of these services.

Methods

Longitudinal individual-level register-based data was utilized on all individuals living in the City of Oulu, Finland, who became unemployed in 2017 (N = 1,999), their propensity matched controls (N = 1,999), and unmatched controls (N = 58,459) in a quasi-experimental design. Use of outpatient healthcare services was examined in one-month periods from 12 months before to 12 months after the onset of unemployment. Several socio-demographic factors, along with sickness and employment histories, were used for matching. Difference-in-differences analysis was used to measure the differences in the use of outpatient healthcare services between the unemployed and their matched controls.

Results

The use of health services decreased significantly after the onset of unemployment. This was due to a decrease in the use of occupational health services. No change related to job loss was observed in the use of public or private healthcare services. The number of healthcare visits increased again after the unemployment ended. Difference-in-differences analyses showed that compared to propensity score matched controls, becoming unemployed reduced the use of health services.

Conclusions

When access to occupational healthcare services ceases, other health services do not appear to fill the gap among those who become unemployed. Adequate healthcare services should be guaranteed to all population groups equally based on need, irrespective of the labour market status.
Real-world application of a scalable school-based physical activity intervention: A cross-sectional survey of the implementation of The Daily Mile in Greater London primary schools
Authors: Ram Bina , van Sluijs Esther , Chalkley Anna , Hargreaves Dougal , Saxena Sonia
Published: August 2023

School-based physical activity interventions are considered ideal given their potential to reach most children. They can help children achieve the recommended guidelines of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. The Daily Mile is a popular school-based active mile intervention with a global reach. It recommends ten core principles for successful implementation, three of which are key for effectiveness: that it is quick (15 minutes), the whole school participates, and that it takes place in the school day during lessons (excluding physical education lessons and scheduled breaks). Studies assessing the impacts of The Daily Mile do not often report implementation of the ten core principles which is crucial to identifying the potential impact and feasibility of scalable interventions in real-world settings. Our aim was to assess adherence to The Daily Mile’s ten core principles in Greater London primary schools. We created and distributed a survey to 1717 primary schools during September 2020 and achieved a 21% (n = 369/1717) response rate by September 2021. Our sample was representative of Greater London primary schools with responses from every London borough. A total of 196/369 (53%) schools reported implementing The Daily Mile but none of them reported adherence to all ten core principles. Adherence to at least 6/10 principles in various combinations was reported by 54/196 (28%) schools. Only 19/196 (10%) schools that reported implementing The Daily Mile reported adherence to the three key principles recommended for effectiveness. Despite its popularity and global reach, our findings suggest that an implementation gap exists when The Daily Mile is adopted in real-world settings which is likely to challenge its intended purpose. Further research in school settings is needed to understand factors that can improve adherence to increase the potential public health impact of The Daily Mile and other similar interventions.
Babies, bugs and brains: How the early microbiome associates with infant brain and behavior development
Authors: Hunter Sebastian , Flaten Erica , Petersen Charisse , Gervain Judit , Werker Janet F. , Trainor Laurel J. , Finlay Brett B.
Published: August 2023

Growing evidence is demonstrating the connection between the microbiota gut-brain axis and neurodevelopment. Microbiota colonization occurs before the maturation of many neural systems and is linked to brain health. Because of this it has been hypothesized that the early microbiome interactions along the gut-brain axis evolved to promote advanced cognitive functions and behaviors. Here, we performed a pilot study with a multidisciplinary approach to test if the microbiota composition of infants is associated with measures of early cognitive development, in particular neural rhythm tracking; language (forward speech) versus non-language (backwards speech) discrimination; and social joint attention. Fecal samples were collected from 56 infants between four and six months of age and sequenced by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Of these, 44 performed the behavioral Point and Gaze test to measure joint attention. Infants were tested on either language discrimination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; 25 infants had usable data) or neural rhythm tracking using electroencephalogram (EEG; 15 had usable data). Infants who succeeded at the Point and Gaze test tended to have increased Actinobacteria and reduced Firmicutes at the phylum level; and an increase in Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella along with a reduction in Hungatella and Streptococcus at the genus level. Measurements of neural rhythm tracking associated negatively to the abundance of Bifidobacterium and positively to the abundance of Clostridium and Enterococcus for the bacterial abundances, and associated positively to metabolic pathways that can influence neurodevelopment, including branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways. No associations were found for the fNIRS language discrimination measurements. Although the tests were underpowered due to the small pilot sample sizes, potential associations were identified between the microbiome and measurements of early cognitive development that are worth exploring further.
Factors associated with one-year mortality after hospital discharge: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Liechti Fabian D. , Bütikofer Lukas , Mancinetti Marco , Leuppi Joerg D. , Genné Daniel , John Gregor , Donzé Jacques D.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

1) To identify predictors of one-year mortality in hospitalized medical patients using factors available during their hospital stay. 2) To evaluate whether healthcare system use within 30 days of hospital discharge is associated with one-year mortality.

Study design and setting

This prospective, observational study included adult patients from four mid-sized hospital general internal medicine units. During index hospitalization, we retrieved patient characteristics, including demographic and socioeconomic indicators, diagnoses, and early simplified HOSPITAL scores from electronic health records and patient interviews. Data on healthcare system use was collected using telephone interviews 30 days after discharge. Survival status at one year was collected by telephone and from health records. We used a univariable analysis including variables available from the hospitalization and 30-day post-discharge periods. We then performed multivariable analyses with one model using index hospitalization data and one using 30-day post-discharge data.

Results

Of 934 patients, 123 (13.2%; 95% CI 11.0–15.4%) were readmitted or died within 30 days. Of 814 patients whose primary outcome was available, 108 died (13.3%) within one year. Using factors obtained during hospitalization, the early simplified HOSPITAL score (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.31–1.71; P < 0.001) and not living at home (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8–8.3; P < 0.001) were predictors of one-year mortality. Using 30-day post-discharge predictors, hospital readmission was significantly associated with one-year mortality (OR 4.81; 95% CI 2.77–8.33; P < 0.001).

Significance

Factors predicting one-year mortality were a high early simplified HOSPITAL score, not living at home, and a 30-day unplanned readmission.
Climate, race, and the cost of capital in the municipal bond market
Authors: Smull Erika , Kodra Evan , Stern Adam , Teras Andrew , Bonanno Michael , Doyle Martin
Published: August 2023

Both climate risk and race are factors that may affect municipal bond yields, yet each has received relatively limited empirical research attention. We analyzed > 712,000 municipal bonds representing nearly 2 trillion USD in par outstanding, focusing on credit spread or the difference between a debt issuer’s interest cost to borrow and a benchmark “risk-free” municipal rate. The relationship between credit spread and physical climate risk is significant and slightly positive, yet the coefficient indicates no meaningful spread penalty for increased physical climate risk. We also find that racial composition (the percent of a community that is Black) explains a statistically significant and meaningful portion of municipal credit spreads, even after controlling for a variety of variables in domains such as geographic location of issuer, bond structure (e.g., bond maturity), credit rating, and non-race economic variables (e.g., per capita income). Assuming 4 trillion USD in annual outstanding par across the entire municipal market, and weighting each issuer by its percent Black, an estimated 19 basis point (bp) penalty for Black Americans sums to approximately 900 million USD annually in aggregate. Our combined findings indicate a systemic mispricing of risk in the municipal bond market, where race impacts the cost of capital, and climate does not.
Genomic screening of allelic and genotypic transmission ratio distortion in horse
Authors: Laseca Nora , Cánovas Ángela , Valera Mercedes , Id-Lahoucine Samir , Perdomo-González Davinia I. , Fonseca Pablo A. S. , Demyda-Peyrás Sebastián , Molina Antonio
Published: August 2023

The phenomenon in which the expected Mendelian inheritance is altered is known as transmission ratio distortion (TRD). The TRD analysis relies on the study of the transmission of one of the two alleles from a heterozygous parent to the offspring. These distortions are due to biological mechanisms affecting gametogenesis, embryo development and/or postnatal viability, among others. In this study, TRD phenomenon was characterized in horses using SNP-by-SNP model by TRDscan v.2.0 software. A total of 1,041 Pura Raza Español breed horses were genotyped with 554,634 SNPs. Among them, 277 horses genotyped in trios (stallion-mare-offspring) were used to perform the TRD analysis. Our results revealed 140 and 42 SNPs with allelic and genotypic patterns, respectively. Among them, 63 displayed stallion-TRD and 41 exhibited mare-TRD, while 36 SNPs showed overall TRD. In addition, 42 SNPs exhibited heterosis pattern. Functional analyses revealed that the annotated genes located within the TRD regions identified were associated with biological processes and molecular functions related to spermatogenesis, oocyte division, embryonic development, and hormonal activity. A total of 10 functional candidate genes related to fertility were found. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive study performed to evaluate the presence of alleles and functional candidate genes with transmission ratio distortion affecting reproductive performance in the domestic horse.
Evaluation of sea turtle morbidity and mortality within the Indian Ocean from 12 years of data shows high prevalence of ghost net entanglement
Authors: Himpson Katrina , Dixon Simon , Le Berre Thomas
Published: August 2023

Anthropogenic activities can negatively affect sea turtle populations. Quantifying the effect of human actions on these threatened species can help guide management strategies to reduce adverse impacts. However, such assessments require extensive effort and resources and as such have not been carried out in many areas of important sea turtle habitat, including the Republic of the Maldives (Maldives). Here, we utilise 12 years of data (2010–2022) collected from marine turtle stranding and rehabilitation cases from across the Maldives to identify the key threats in this region. Olive ridley turtles were found stranded or injured most frequently (74.7% of total cases), along with hawksbill (15.2%), and green (10.1%) turtles. Anthropogenic factors were the primary cause of injury or stranding in 75.2% of cases with entanglement in ghost fishing gear being the most common (66.2% of all cases). Other causes of morbidity, such as from turtles being kept as pets (5.6%), boat strikes (<1%), bycatch (<1%), and poaching (<1%) were recorded less frequently. Olive ridley turtles were more likely to have injuries associated with entanglement than other species and showed a peak in admissions during the northeast monsoon, in the period following the known arribada nesting season in nearby India. Turtles admitted to rehabilitation following entanglement were released a mean of 70 days sooner and had 27.5% lower mortality rates than for other causes of admission. This study highlights the high prevalence of ghost net entanglement of sea turtles within the Maldives. The topic of ghost fishing is of global importance and international cooperation is critical in tackling this growing issue.
Polypharmacology guided drug repositioning approach for SARS-CoV2
Authors: Jamir Esther , Sarma Himakshi , Priyadarsinee Lipsa , Kiewhuo Kikrusenuo , Nagamani Selvaraman , Sastry G. Narahari
Published: August 2023

Drug repurposing has emerged as an important strategy and it has a great potential in identifying therapeutic applications for COVID-19. An extensive virtual screening of 4193 FDA approved drugs has been carried out against 24 proteins of SARS-CoV2 (NSP1-10 and NSP12-16, envelope, membrane, nucleoprotein, spike, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF9b). The drugs were classified into top 10 and bottom 10 drugs based on the docking scores followed by the distribution of their therapeutic indications. As a result, the top 10 drugs were found to have therapeutic indications for cancer, pain, neurological disorders, and viral and bacterial diseases. As drug resistance is one of the major challenges in antiviral drug discovery, polypharmacology and network pharmacology approaches were employed in the study to identify drugs interacting with multiple targets and drugs such as dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, bisdequalinium chloride, midostaurin, temoporfin, tirilazad, and venetoclax were identified among the multi-targeting drugs. Further, a pathway analysis of the genes related to the multi-targeting drugs was carried which provides insight into the mechanism of drugs and identifying targetable genes and biological pathways involved in SARS-CoV2.
Adrenergic regulation of lacrimal gland ductal fluid secretion
Authors: Szarka Dóra
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The role of adrenergic innervation in the regulation of lacrimal gland (LG) ductal fluid secretion is unknown. The Aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of adrenergic stimulation on fluid secretion in isolated LG duct segments and to study the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Methods: Fluid secretion of isolated mouse LG ducts was measured using video-microscopy. Effect of various adrenergic agonists (norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol) on fluid secretion as well as inhibitory effects of specific antagonists on adrenergic agonist-stimulated secretory response were analyzed. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ level [Ca2+i] were investigated with microfluorometry. Results: Both norepinephrine and phenylephrine initiated a rapid and robust fluid secretory response, whereas isoproterenol did not cause any secretion. Phenylephrine-induced secretion was completely blocked by α1D-adrenergic receptor blocker BMY-7378. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME or guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ reduced but not completely abolished the phenylephrine-induced fluid secretion, whereas co-administration of Ca2+-chelator BAPTA-AM resulted in a complete blockade. Phenylephrine stimulation induced a small, but statistically significant elevation in [Ca2+]. Conclusions: Our results prove the direct role of α1-adrenergic stimulation on LG ductal fluid secretion. Lack of isoproterenol-induced fluid secretory response suggests the absence of β-receptor mediated pathway in mouse LG ducts. Complete blockade of phenylephrine-induced fluid secretion by BMY-7378 and predominant inhibition of the secretory response either by L-NAME or ODQ suggest that α-adrenergic agonists use the NO/cGMP pathway through α1D receptor. Ca2+ signaling independent from NO/cGMP pathway may also play an at least partial role in α-adrenergic induced ductal fluid secretion.
THE COLLATZ REGULAR LANGUAGE
Authors: Vicente Hernandez Javier
Published: August 2023

Does the Collatz conjecture shelter a regular language? In this article we address that question representing the Collatz sequences as words from the language L, accepted by the deterministic finite automaton M.
Decolonizar o conceito de justiça ocupacional
Authors: Brito Cristiane Miryam Drumond , Quadros Magalhães José Luiz , Coelho Magalhães Rafael
Published: August 2023

Epistemologias europeias em todas as áreas de conhecimento são consideradas superiores e civilizadas, como se fossem universais e detentoras da verdadeira compreensão do mundo, ocultando e negando todas as demais culturas. No campo da Terapia Ocupacional, surgiu o conceito de justiça ocupacional trazido por teóricos internacionalmente dominantes da terapia ocupacional e ciência ocupacional. O presente estudo debate sobre a aplicabilidade e representatividade da terminologia justiça ocupacional no contexto brasileiro. Questiona-se a capacidade desse conceito ser universal no campo da ciência ocupacional e da terapia ocupacional. Esse artigo apresenta reflexão crítica sobre o conceito de justiça ocupacional e suas bases epistêmicas, incluindo o campo do direito e da justiça. Através de pesquisa teórica e epistêmica a partir da análise no campo do direito, de epistemologias plurais e da justiça ocupacional, foi transposto para o campo profissional da terapia ocupacional elementos do Direito plural e do Bem viver. Essa reflexão crítica é forma de decolonizar práticas e fazeres cotidianos e construí-los baseados nos direitos e justiças circulares orgânicas e plurais.
Tudo aqui é um exílio
Authors: Campos Andrade Paula , Da Silva Machado Gustavo
Published: August 2023

O artigo traz reflexões sobre migração e racismo e seus efeitos subjetivos a partir da inquietação que a literatura produz, em particular dos poemas “Tudo aqui é um exílio” de Lubi Prates e “Canção do exílio” do Gonçalves Dias. É discutido o sentimento de exílio produzido em pessoas que são racializadas e também em contexto migratório. O objetivo do ensaio é compreender de que Brasil que os poemas retratam e como isso pode afetar esta população. Defende-se o direito à literatura como uma das saídas decoloniais para o sentimento de não pertencimento que é passível na experiência de ser um corpo negro no Brasil seja ele daqui ou não.
Teoria dos direitos humanos como solidariedade
Authors: Barreto José Manuel
Published: August 2023

Este texto tem como objetivo tecer algumas questões que são importantes para aqueles que estão engajados na formulação de teoria de direitos humanos, mas que raramente são tematizadas, tais como: Por que teoria jurídica? Por que acadêmicos estão interessados em elaborar uma teoria de direitos humanos? Uma série de respostas vêm à tona: para justificar e promover a causa de direitos humanos; como uma forma de cumprir obrigações políticas ou ideológicas; como resultado de um compromisso com a justiça ou com a aplicação do Estado de Direito; para aprender sobre o fenômeno da lei; pois isso é parte do funcionamento da academia; por um dever profissional e como modo de ganhar a vida; pelo prazer de brincar com teorias e pensamentos abstratos. Também pode ser consequência da combinação de alguns ou todos os motivos acima. Antes de tudo, tenta-se traçar um caminho diferente para responder a essas perguntas.
Book Review: Through the Looking Glasses: The Spectacular Life of Spectacles
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: August 2023

Through the Looking Glasses: The Spectacular Life of Spectacles. Travis Elborough. London: Little, Brown, 2021. ISBN-13: 978-1-4087-1284-9. 341 pages. Hardcover, $19.34.
Designing an Augmented Reality Learning Experience for Library Instruction as a Technology Novice
Authors: Sewell Amber
Published: August 2023

This instructional design case describes the author’s process for creating an augmented reality learning experience for library instruction at an academic library. With no budget, no team, and little experience with this type of technology, this design case describes the development of an instructional design utilizing emerging technologies. It also addresses the constraints of solo work, small or nonexistent budgets, little no experience using the technology, and interest but no support for learning and implementing an innovative solution to a design problem
A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR SPACE IMAGE SEGMENTATION IN MONITORING OF DEFORESTATION FACTORS
Authors:   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Melnikov A.V. , Kochergin G.A. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Abbazov V.R. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Baisalamova O.A. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Rusanov M.A. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, Polishchuk Yu.M. ,   Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the important problem of applying neural network models in the tasks of monitoring the condition of forest areas using optical satellite images. Objective. The objective of this research was to develop a neural network model of forest felling suitable for automation of decoding multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images in forest monitoring tasks in the example of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Materials and Methods. The basis of the developed model was the forest harvesting satellite images segmentation procedure based on the convolutional neural network of deep learning. Sentinel-2 data interpretation was done using the modern QGIS geoinformation system. Over 990 pairs of multi-temporal space images of the forest territories of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in winter (snow) period of 2018–2022 were processed to prepare the training data set. More than 70 000 images of the training data set and corresponding masks of forest cutting contours were generated with these images. Results. As a result of this work, a neural network model of forest felling was created, which implements efficient segmentation of space images, which allowed automating the labor-intensive procedure of interpretation of multispectral Sentinel-2 images in order to identify forest logging contours. The set of training data totally 70 000 frames was divided into the training, validation (test) and test (control) samples, the amount of which for the deve¬lopment of the neural network model of forest felling was 58 000, 10 000 and 3600 frames respectively. The novelty of the model is determined, on the one hand, by the use of winter (snow) satellite images for training the neural network and, on the other hand, by the use of pairs of images acquired before and after forest felling. Recall, Precision and F-measure metrics were used as the criteria to evaluate the accuracy of the trained neural network model, and the values were calculated from the test sample. The calculated accuracy of felling detection using the proposed model on the test sample of data on different metrics reaches 85–87%. Conclusion. The developed neural network model of forest felling can be used for monitoring and mapping of forest resources of the northern forestry territories of Russia using multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images.
FEDERATED LEARNING FOR VISION-BASED OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE IN MOBILE ROBOTS
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia, Al-Khafaji Israa M. Abdalameer , Panov A.V. ,   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2023

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that allows multiple devices or systems to train a model collaboratively, without exchanging their data. This is particularly useful for autonomous mobile robots, as it allows them to train models customized to their specific environment and tasks, while keeping the data they collect private. Research Objective to train a model to recognize and classify different types of objects, or to navigate around obstacles in its environment. Materials and me¬thods we used FL to train models for a variety of tasks, such as object recognition, obstacle avoidance, localization, and path planning by an autonomous mobile robot operating in a warehouse FL. We equipped the robot with sensors and a processor to collect data and perform machine learning tasks. The robot must communicate with a central server or cloud platform that coordinates the training process and collects model updates from different devices. We trained a neural network (CNN) and used a PID algorithm to generate a control signal that adjusts the position or other variable of the system based on the difference between the desired and actual values, using the relative, integrative and derivative terms to achieve the desired performance. Results through careful design and execution, there are several challenges to implementing FL in autonomous mobile robots, including the need to ensure data privacy and security, and the need to manage communications and the computational resources needed to train the model. Conclusion. We conclude that FL enables autonomous mobile robots to continuously improve their performance and adapt to changing environments and potentially improve the performance of vision-based obstacle avoidance strategies and enable them to learn and adapt more quickly and effectively, leading to more robust and autonomous systems.
Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
Authors: Shen Ye , Chen Haibin , Gong Xiaoyang , Wang Ziyi , Chen Mengjie , Chen Donghui
Published: August 2023

Lysosome dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cancer progression. However, few research studies have reported the role of lysosomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression. Lysosome-related genes (LRGs) were collected from the Molecular Signatures Database. Differentially expressed lysosome-related genes (DELRGs) were identified from the TCGA-HNSCC dataset. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the prognostic genes. The prognostic values and expression of hub DELRGs were further validated by GEO datasets. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data and the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were applied to evaluate the correlation between cathepsin G (CTSG) and immune infiltrates. Twenty-two DELRGs were identified. Among them, CTSG was an independent prognostic biomarker for HNSCC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the potential mechanism of CTSG in regulating HNSCC was associated with the immune- and inflammation-related pathways. CTSG expression was highly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Finally, two potential compounds (CH and MAN) targeting CTSG protein were identified, and their reliability was validated through molecular docking analysis. CTSG was associated with immune infiltration and had prognostic value in HNSCC patients, which may be a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome of immunotherapy.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using durian rind extract and optical characteristics of surface plasmon resonance-based optical sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Chutrakulwong Fueangfakan , Thamaphat Kheamrutai
Published: August 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been efficaciously synthesized from AgNO3
via an easy and green method, also called green synthesis, using Mon Thong durian (Durio zibethinus L.) rind extract. The inner shell of durian rind extract was used as an intermediary for the synthesis of AgNPs because the absorption spectra of the AgNP colloid extracted from the inner shell had a higher absorption than that of the outer shell. Additionally, we have found more fructose and glucose – which act as a reducing agent – and protein and carbohydrates – which act as the stabilizer – in a higher amount in the inner shell than the extract from the outer shell. The synthesized AgNPs were mainly spherical in shape and exhibited a relatively narrow size distribution with an average particle diameter of 10.2 ± 0.2 nm. In the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), these nanoparticles demonstrate catalytic activity. The degradation of AgNPs, including the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, causes a considerable change in the absorbance strength of the surface plasmon resonance band depending on the H2O2 concentration. Over a broad concentration range of 10−1–10−6 mol·L−1 H2O2, a good sensitivity and a linear response are achieved. This sensor’s quantification limit is found to be 0.9 µmol·L−1 H2O2. Therefore, this optical sensor for the detection of H2O2 can be potentially applied in the determination of color indicators in medical or clinical diagnosis, biochemical analysis, and environmental applications.
Investigation of Friction Welding Properties of Steels with Different Chemical and Mechanical Properties Used in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Yürük A.
Published: August 2023

Steels with different mechanical and chemical properties are used together in the oil and gas industry. In this case, it has brought about the necessity of joining steels with different properties by welding. Most of the time, there are problems in welding these steels with different chemical properties. Therefore, in this study, AISI 304 stainless steel, AISI 4140 tempered steel, and S235JR structural steel with different chemical and mechanical properties used in the oil and gas industry were joined by friction welding. Then, macro and microstructure studies as well as hardness measurements, tensile tests, and torsion tests were applied to the produced samples. As a result of the micro-structure studies, it was observed that the martensitic structure was formed in the full deformation region of the joint made of AISI 304 stainless and AISI 4140 tempered steel, while it was determined that the other joints were formed of recrystallized fine grains in the full deformation region with the effect of friction. When the hardness measurement results were examined, it was determined that the hardest region was the full deformation region in all welded joints produced. As a result of the tensile tests, the highest tensile strength obtained was 622.94 N/mm2 in the joint made of AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 4140 tempered steel. As a result of the torsion tests, the highest torsion moment was measured as 250 Nm in the sample produced from AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 4140 tempered steel.
Macrolithic flint products from inventories of adult male graves of the Lublin-Volhynian culture – prestige goods or everyday use items – by the example of grave No. 2/1987 from site 1C in Gródek, Hrubieszów District (Poland)
Authors: Mączyński Piotr , Zakościelna Anna , Bosiak Mariusz
Published: August 2023

A research project aiming to determine the functional aspects of flint-knapping of the Lublin-Volhynian culture (ca. 4200–3650/3600 BC) has been conducted for several years in the Institute of Archaeology at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin.

This article presents deliberations on the functions of tools discovered in a rich male grave, at site 1C in Gródek. The subject of the functional research are nine artefacts deposited near the buried person. Among them, noteworthy are two retouched blade daggers found on the buried man’s rib cage. Other items – blades and tools – were discovered in different parts of the burial pit. When conducting microscopic analyses, attention was paid to the fact that the discovered forms represent two categories – used artefacts and those that do not have marks of utilisation on their edges.

Spectrometric analyses (SEM-EDS) of residual substances recorded on the surfaces of certain artefacts supplemented the performed research.
The Role of Extracurricular Activities in Child Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Noshin Tasnia
Published: August 2023

Childrens’ participation in extracurricular activities has been shown to be associated with increased academic performance and social-emotional skills. Further, participation in extracurriculars more closely correlates with career success than grades. An even better indicator of school performance and other child developmental outcomes, however, can perhaps be derived from looking at a child’s extracurricular profile or the collection of activities that the child is primarily involved in. This article examines the impact of a child’s extracurricular profile on their development including academic, behavioural, and health outcomes from students in British Columbia and New York State.
A nomogram for predicting the severity of COVID-19 infections among patients in Chengdu, China
Authors: Luo Fan , Zhang Na , Zheng Haiyan , Shi Nannan , Gao Yueqin , Xie Liqiu , Li Chenxi
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Although most COVID-19 infections are currently mild, poor prognoses and fatalities continue to occur, which remain a threat to the safety of people in China. The goal of this study was to create an efficient model that combines the clinical characteristics with computed tomography (CT) scores at the time of admission to predict the severity of COVID-19.

Methodology:

A total of 346 COVID-19 patients in the current study, of whom 46 had severe infections and 300 had non-severe infections according to the clinal outcomes. Clinical, laboratory, CT findings, and CT scores at admission were collected. To identify the independent risk factors, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. A nomogram model was built with the extracted risk factors. The calibration curve and decision curve (DCA) operated to validate model performance.

Results:

The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the severity CT score had an area under the curve of 0.933 (95% CI, 0.901-0.965) and a cut-off value of 6.5 (sensitivity, 95.70%; specificity, 78%). The CT score, age, lactic dehydrogenase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels, and hypertension were exacted for the nomogram. The nomogram had good calibration (P = 0.539) and excellent clinical value based on the DCA.

Conclusions:

The nomogram presented herein could be a valuable model to predict severe COVID-19 among patients in Chengdu, China.
ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PADA MAHASISWA PASCASARJANA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
Authors: Fajrin A'yunin Aditya , Hajidah Lucy , Arifa Zakiyah , Basid Abdul
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to describe code switching and code mixing in the learning process of postgraduate students of Arabic Language Education (PBA) semester II and the factors that cause code switching and code mixing in the learning process of postgraduate students of Arabic language education in the second semester. Researchers use learning in postgraduate students as the object of research because in learning, language mixing often occurs when delivering material. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with a conversational engagement listening technique, a conversational engagement free technique and a field note technique or sampling technique. The result of this research is the finding of an external form of code switching, namely code switching from Indonesian to Arabic and code switching from Arabic to Indonesian. As for code mixing found in the study, namely the insertion of words, phrases and clauses. While the factors causing the occurrence of code switching and code mixing were found because of the urgent need of speakers to provide understanding to the interlocutor.