bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL ELUCIDATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING STUDY OF NEW LIGAND DERIVED FROM 5,6-O-ISO PROPYLIDENE-L-ASCORBIC ACID AND ITS METAL(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: Al-Hasnawi Fawzi , Abdul Karem Lekaa Khalid , Mortatha Duha Mohammed
Published: March 2024

A simple chemistry method approach was used to synthesise new ligand derivate from L-ascorbic acid and its complexes. All of them were water-soluble and are used quite extensively in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. This study synthesised the new ligand derivative from L-ascorbic acid-base using the following steps: A 5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid was prepared by reacting dry acetone with L-ascorbic acid followed by reacting it with trichloroacetic acid to yield [chloro(carboxylic)methylidene]-5,6-O-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid in the second stage. In the third stage, the derivative was reacted with (methyl(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine to create a new ligand (ONMILA). This novel ligand was identified using a number of techniques, namely mass spectroscopy, 1H, 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectra. It was observed that several complexes formed between the ligand and divalent metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). Based on Micro Elemental Analysis, the mole ratio was (1:1) (M:L). Magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis (C.H.N.O) procedures, molar conductivity tests, and proportion of metal ions calculations were used to describe the complexes. The findings showed the novel ligand had a mono, negative charge and behaved like a tridentate ligand type (N.N.O.). Therefore, the octahedral formula is suggested for all compounds. Only one spot was observed on thin layer chromatography (T.L.C.) for ligand (L) and complexes, indicating that the reaction completed and delivered only a single product. These chemicals have been connected to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results suggested that antibacterial activity in metal complexes is higher than in the free ligand.
Underfunding for Research Training and Career Development: The Impact on Family Medicine Research
Authors: Sanders Mechelle , Fiscella Kevin
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: The National Institutes of Health and related federal awards for research training (RT) and research career development (RCD) are designed to prepare applicants for research careers. We compared funding rates for RT and RCD for anesthesiology, dermatology, emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, neurology, obstetrics-gynecology, pathology, pediatrics, and psychiatry.
Methods: We estimated the denominator using the number of residency graduates from different specialties from 2001 to 2010 from the Association of American Medical Colleges data. For the numerator, we used published data on federally funded awards by specialty from 2011 to 2020. We also examined the correlation between RCD funding and overall research funding.
Results: Family medicine had the lowest rate per graduating resident for RT (0.01%) and RCD (0.77%) awards among 10 specialties and was lower than the mean/median for the other nine specialties, ranging from 2.15%/1.19% and 9.83%/8.74%. We found a strong correlation between rates of RCD awards and mean federal funding per active physician, which was statistically significant (ρ=0.77, P=.0098).
Conclusions: Comparatively low rates for family medicine awards for RT and RCD plausibly contribute to poor federal funding for family medicine research, underscoring the need to bolster the research career pathway in family medicine.
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Education in Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study
Authors: Sonoda Kento , Everard Kelly  M.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Little is known about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) education in family medicine clerkships during medical school. Our study aimed to describe coverage of PrEP education in family medicine clerkships and explore barriers if this education was absent.
Methods: Data were collected through the 2023 Council of Academic Family Medicine (CAFM) Education Research Alliance (CERA) Family Medicine Clerkship Director Survey. We inquired about provision of PrEP to patients, faculty expertise with PrEP, PrEP curriculum in the clerkship, barriers to including PrEP in the clerkship curriculum, and willingness of directors to add PrEP online modules to the clerkship if available.
Results: The response rate was 56.8% (96/169). Nine participants did not complete the PrEP questions and were excluded from analyses. Nearly two-thirds of clerkship directors perceived PrEP as an important topic in the family medicine clerkship; however, only one-third of clerkships included PrEP curriculum through clinical experiences (58.5%), didactics (17.1%), or both (14.6%). Barriers to including PrEP were lack of time in the curriculum (63.5%) and having other more important topics to cover (25.7%), but 38.9% said they would include PrEP in the clerkship if free online modules were available.
Conclusions: Clerkships were more likely to include PrEP curriculum in the family medicine clerkship if they had faculty with sufficient expertise or if clerkship directors believed it was important to teach PrEP in the curriculum. Offering accessible educational content can enhance educational opportunities on PrEP for medical students.
Impact of Fluoride on Epigenetic and Metabolic Dynamics in the Ileum: Unveiling the Adaptive Responses in NOD Mice
Authors: Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Dionizio Aline , Delgado Aislan Quintiliano , Lara João Paulo Zanardini de , Magalhães Ana Carolina , Bosqueiro José Roberto , Trevizol Juliana Sanches , Buzalaf Nathalia Rabelo
Published: March 2024

Fluoride (F) has been employed worldwide to control dental caries. More
recently, it has been suggested that the consumption of low doses of F
in the drinking water may reduce blood glucose levels, introducing a new
perspective for the use of F for the management of blood glucose.
However, the exact mechanism by which F affects blood glucose levels
remains largely unexplored. Given that the small gut plays a pivotal
role in glucose homeostasis, the aim of this present study was to
investigate the proteomic changes induced by low doses of F in the ileum
of female non-obese-diabetic (NOD) mice. Forty-two female NOD mice were
divided into two groups based on the F concentration in their for 14
weeks: 0 (control) or 10 mg/L. At the end of the experimental period,
the ileum was collected for proteomic and Western Blotting analyses.
Proteomic analysis indicated an increase in isoforms of actin,
gastrotropin (confirmed by Western Blotting), several H2B histones and
enzymes involved in antioxidant processes, as well as a decrease in
enzymes essential for energy metabolism. In summary, our data indicates
an adaptive response of the organism to preserve protein synthesis in
the ileum, despite significant alterations in energy metabolism
typically induced by F, therefore highlighting the safety of controlled
fluoridation in water supplies.
Unprecedented rabies outbreak in Nepal’s Far Western Region: A call for urgent action
Authors: Thakur Sameer , Joshi Naresh Prasad , Chand Bishal , Neupane Lokendra
Published: March 2024

Rabies, a deadly zoonotic disease caused by lyssaviruses, poses an
escalating and severe threat in Nepal’s far western region. The recent
unprecedented outbreak of rabies has surged across the Kailali and
Kanchanpur districts of Sudurpaschim province, marked by a staggering
92.30% rabies positivity rate in suspected samples. Within a year,
there were 84 confirmed outbreaks, with Kailali reporting 32 and
Kanchanpur reporting 50, which underscores the severity of the situation
in these districts. The disease has affected diverse animal species,
including pigs, which marks the first case in Nepal. Considering the
historically low rabies cases in the province, the current situation is
alarming and necessitates prompt government intervention. Challenges
include the absence of a comprehensive national rabies control policy,
limited resources, and inadequate awareness in rural areas. To address
this crisis, urgent action is necessary, requiring a multidisciplinary
approach, collaboration between government and non-government agencies,
prioritization of rural areas, improved health infrastructure, and
strengthened surveillance.
Integrating Protein Structure Prediction and Bayesian Optimization for Peptide Design
Authors: Manshour Negin , He Fei , Wang Duolin , Xu Dong
Published: March 2024

Peptide design, with the goal of identifying peptides possessing unique biological properties, stands as a crucial challenge in peptide-based drug discovery. While traditional and computational methods have made significant strides, they often encounter hurdles due to the complexities and costs of laboratory experiments. Recent advancements in deep learning and Bayesian Optimization have paved the way for innovative research in this domain. In this context, our study presents a novel approach that effectively combines protein structure prediction with Bayesian Optimization for peptide design. By applying carefully designed objective functions, we guide and enhance the optimization trajectory for new peptide sequences. Benchmarked against multiple native structures, our methodology is tailored to generate new peptides to their optimal potential biological properties.
Transient Stability Control Method for Desert Photovoltaic Transmission System Based on Dynamic Prediction
Authors: Chen Shi , Liu Yihong , Xu Liuchao , Zang Tianlei , Luo Huan , Zhou Yi
Published: March 2024

The high proportion access of the new energy generator units in the
desert and Gobi regions has changed the dynamic characteristics and
synchronization stability mechanism of the power system, reducing the
transient synchronization stability of the system due to the low inertia
characteristics of them. Additionally, the lag in transmitting
information in the wide-area measurement system exacerbates the problem
of transient stability control strategy failure due to deviations in
system state estimation. This paper proposes a data-driven Model-Based
Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) framework to address the issue. The
framework improves the Recurrent State-Space Model (RSSM) using the
Transformer model. The improved RSSM is employed to learn the dynamic
system of the AC/DC transmission system with a high proportion of
grid-forming PV generator units, creating a world model and avoiding
complex mathematical modeling. Based on the system’s historical
information and operational records, the world model is used to predict
the real-time system state. A Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) clone running on
the world model is then employed to generate control strategies.
Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this
approach. The results also indicate a negative correlation between the
degree of information lag and the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Research on finite time control strategy of pre-synchronization VSG based on angular frequency feedback
Authors: Xiaomei Guo , LI Yonggang , Zhou Yichen
Published: March 2024

In order to improve the grid-connected ability and response speed of
virtual synchronous generator (VSG), a finite-time control strategy of
pre-synchronous VSG based on angular frequency feedback is proposed in
this paper. Firstly, the basic principle of VSG control strategy is
analyzed, and the voltage amplitude pre-synchronization module and the
voltage phase pre-synchronization module are added on the basis of
traditional VSG control, so as to realize the pre-synchronization
tracking of power grid information. Then, based on the principle of
finite-time stability, a finite-time controller is designed based on
angular frequency feedback, and the finite-time stability of the control
strategy is verified in theory to ensure the system has a faster
response speed. Finally, the simulation results show that the designed
control strategy can make the output voltage of VSG track the power grid
information quickly, and effectively improve the tracking ability of
active and reactive power and the stability of frequency and phase
angle.
Approximate Power Flow Solutions-Based Forecasting-Aided State Estimation for Power Distribution Networks
Authors: WANG Zhenyu , Xu Zhao , Qi Donglian , Yunfeng Yan , Zhang Jianliang
Published: March 2024

Emerging forecasting-aided state estimation (FASE) frequently encounters
complicated parameter analysis and observation calculation tasks,
especially when confronted with intricate and uncertain scenarios. To
this end, a concise FASE estimator is developed by combining the precise
depiction of dynamic state change and linear power flow approximation.
Designing the dynamic system state as a voltage perturbation vector
around the nominal value, the forecasted state is firstly derived from
the linear approximation of power injection equation solutions. The
state forecasting model relies solely on nodal impedance information as
the state transition matrix, eliminating the onerous parameter tuning
effort. After that, the optimal filtered state is efficiently obtained
utilizing line power flow measurements, with branch admittance
information to construct the approximate observation matrix. Numerical
simulation comparisons on a symmetric balanced 56-node distribution
system verify the performance of the proposed estimator in terms of
accuracy and robustness.
Projection of Global Future Lightning Occurrence using only Large-Scale Environmental Variables in CAM5
Authors: Etten-Bohm Montana , Schumacher Courtney , Xu Yangyang , Funk Aaron
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates a lightning parameterization that utilizes only
large-scale environmental variables (i.e., convective available
potential energy (CAPE), column moisture, and lifting condensation level
(LCL)) for present-day (2017-19) and end-of-century (2098-2100) RCP8.5
climate scenarios in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5).
Using a single equation, the present-day prediction can produce a
reasonable land/ocean ratio in lightning occurrence. The end-of-century
prediction shows relative increases of about 50% over higher-latitude
land, but much more variable increases and decreases across mid-latitude
ocean and the tropics such that the overall global lightning occurrence
is expected to slightly decrease. Lightning occurrence over land
predicted from present-day CAM5 is less than that using MERRA-2
reanalysis because of differences in the basic-state variables used as
predictors. In addition, the choice of dilute or undilute CAPE will
impact future lightning predictions over land, but the environment-only
parameterization results are more consistent than a CAPE x precipitation
parameterization.
Yes, dust storms can possibly be forecasted now!!
Authors: Srivastava Manoj K , M. Nabankur , Mehrotra Bharat Ji , Srivastava Atul K
Published: March 2024

A unique approach of a well-established Hot-Dry-Windy Index (HDWI)
method is established to build the forecasting framework of dust storms.
This method is successfully used for forecasting wildfire incidences.
The approach calculates the likelihood of a dust storm by postulating
that it arises from a synergistic interplay of elevated temperatures,
arid atmospheric conditions, and powerful winds, similar to the
conditions that are necessary for a wildfire occurrence. The approach
has been effectively evaluated for eight distinct dust storm events that
took place in important desert places around the world. The results
regularly shown its capacity to precisely determine the source of dust
storms within a limited time frame. The proposed strategy provides a
multitude of advantages compared to other alternatives currently
suggested for the same objective.
Coupled Lake-Atmosphere-Land Physics Uncertainties in a Great Lakes Regional Climate Model
Authors: Pringle William James , Huang Chenfu , Xue Pengfei , Wang Jiali , Sargsyan Khachik , Kayastha Miraj Bhakta , Chakraborty TC , Yang Zhao , Qian Yun , Hetland Robert D.
Published: March 2024

This study develops a surrogate-based method to assess the uncertainty
within a convective permitting integrated modeling system of the Great
Lakes region, arising from interacting physics parameterizations across
the lake, atmosphere, and land surface. Perturbed physics ensembles of
the model during the 2018 summer are used to train a neural network
surrogate model to predict lake surface temperature (LST) and
near-surface air temperature (T2m). Average physics uncertainties are
determined to be 1.5°C for LST and T2m over land, and 1.9°C for T2m over
lake, but these have significant spatiotemporal variations. We find that
atmospheric physics parameterizations are the dominant sources of
uncertainty for both LST and T2m, and there is a substantial
atmosphere-lake physics interaction component. LST and T2m over the lake
are more uncertain in the deeper northern lakes, particularly during the
rapid warming phase that occurs in late spring/early summer. The LST
uncertainty increases with sensitivity to the lake model’s surface wind
stress scheme. T2m over land is more uncertain over forested areas in
the north, where it is most sensitive to the land surface model, than
the more agricultural land in the south, where it is most sensitive to
the atmospheric planetary boundary and surface layer scheme. Uncertainty
also increases in the southwest during multiday temperature declines
with higher sensitivity to the land surface model. Last, we show that
the deduced physics uncertainty of T2m is statistically smaller than a
regional warming perturbation exceeding 0.5°C.
Longitude Structure of Wavenumber 4 of the Ionosphere after Midnight Based on the OI135.6 nm Night Airglow Using FY-3D Ionospheric Photometer
Authors: Zhang Bin , fu liping , Mao Tian , Hu Xiuqing , Wang Yungang , jiang fang , Jia Nan , Wang Tianfang , Peng Ruyi , Wang Jing-Song
Published: March 2024

In this study, based on the OI135.6 nm night airglow data of the FY-3D
Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) during the 2018-2021 geomagnetically quiet
period, the global wavenumber 4 longitudinal structure of the equatorial
ionization anomaly (EIA) at 2:00 local time was discovered, and the
component of the wavenumber 4 was extracted from these structures.
Compared with the OI135.6 nm night airglow data of the Special Sensor
Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) F18 during 2011-2014, there
were significant differences in the variation pattern of the relative
amplitude of the two versus solar activity and the seasonal variation in
the proportion of the component of the wavenumber 4. Based on the
neutral wind speed observation results of Global High-Resolution
Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on board the Ionospheric Connection
Explorer (ICON) from 2020-2021, the longitudinal structures of the 4
ionospheric waves after midnight are related to the cross-equatorial
meridional wind. We believe that the wavenumber 4 longitudinal
structures after midnight originate from the eastward nonmigrating tidal
semidiurnal wave (SE2) with a wavenumber of 2 in the cross-equatorial
neutral wind rather than the eastward nonmigrating tidal semidiurnal
wave (DE3) with a wavenumber of 3 in from the zonal wind, which
modulates the daytime wavenumber 4 longitudinal structures.
Towards tsunami early-warning with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Expected seafloor strains induced by tsunamis
Authors: Becerril Carlos , Sladen Anthony , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Vidal-Moreno Pedro J , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Kutschera Fabian , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Bouchette Frédéric
Published: March 2024

Tsunami wave observations far from the coast remain challenging due to
the logistics and cost of deploying and operating offshore
instrumentation on a long-term basis with sufficient spatial coverage
and density. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on submarine fiber optic
cables now enables real-time seafloor strain observations over distances
exceeding 100 km at a relatively low cost. Here, we evaluate the
potential contribution of DAS to tsunami warning by assessing
theoretically the sensitivity required by a DAS instrument to record
tsunami waves.

Our analysis includes signals due to two effects induced by the
hydrostatic pressure perturbations arising from tsunami waves: the
Poisson’s effect of the submarine cable and the compliance effect of the
seafloor. It also includes the effect of seafloor shear stresses and
temperature transients induced by the horizontal fluid flow associated
with tsunami waves. The analysis is supported by fully coupled 3-D
physics-based simulations of earthquake rupture, seismo-acoustic waves
and tsunami wave propagation. The strains from seismo-acoustic waves and
static deformation near the earthquake source are orders of magnitude
larger than the tsunami strain signal. We illustrate a data processing
procedure to discern the tsunami signal. With enhanced low-frequency
sensitivity on DAS interrogators (strain sensitivity ≈
2×10 at mHz frequencies), we find that, on seafloor
cables located above or near the earthquake source area, tsunamis are
expected to be observable with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio within
a few minutes of the earthquake onset. These encouraging results pave
the way towards faster tsunami warning enabled by seafloor DAS.
On the use of SuperDARN Ground Backscatter Measurements for Ionospheric Propagation Model Validation
Authors: Ruck Joshua James , Themens David R. , Ponomarenko Pavlo V. , Burrell Angeline Gail , Kunduri Bharat Simha Reddy , Ruohoniemi John Michael , Elvidge Sean
Published: March 2024

Prior to use in operational systems, it is essential to validate
ionospheric models in a manner relevant to their intended application to
ensure satisfactory performance. For Over-the-Horizon radars (OTHR)
operating in the high-frequency (HF) band (3-30 MHz), the problem of
model validation is severe when used in Coordinate Registration (CR) and
Frequency Management Systems (FMS). It is imperative that the full error
characteristics of models is well understood in these applications due
to the critical relationship they impose on system performance. To
better understand model performance in the context of OTHR, we introduce
an ionospheric model validation technique using the oblique ground
backscatter measurements in soundings from the Super Dual Auroral Radar
Network (SuperDARN). Analysis is performed in terms of the F-region
leading edge (LE) errors and assessment of range-elevation distributions
using calibrated interferometer data. This technique is demonstrated by
validating the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016 for January
and June in both 2014 and 2018. LE RMS errors of 100-400 km and 400-800
km are observed for winter and summer months, respectively. Evening
errors regularly exceeding 1,000 km across all months are identified.
Ionosonde driven corrections to the IRI-2016 peak parameters provide
improvements of 200-800 km to the LE, with the greatest improvements
observed during the nighttime. Diagnostics of echo distributions
indicate consistent underestimates in model NmF2 during the daytime
hours of June 2014 due to offsets of -8° being observed in modelled
elevation angles at 18:00 and 21:00 UT.
Coupled high-resolution land-atmosphere modeling for hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology in Alaska and the Yukon River Basin (1990-2021)
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Craig Anthony , Musselman Keith , Bennett Andrew , Seefeldt Mark W. , Hamman Joseph , Newman Andrew J
Published: March 2024

Hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology greatly influence the local
community, ecosystem, and economy in Alaska and Yukon River Basin. A
high-resolution re-simulation of the historical climate in Alaska can
provide an important benchmark for climate change studies. In this
study, we utilized the Regional Arctic Systems Model (RASM) and
conducted coupled land-atmosphere modeling for Alaska and Yukon River
Basin at 4-km grid spacing. In RASM, the land model was replaced with
the Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM) given its comprehensive
process representations for cold regions. The microphysics schemes in
the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) atmospheric model were manually
tuned for optimal model performance. This study aims to maintain good
model performance for both hydroclimate and terrestrial hydrology,
especially streamflow, which was rarely a priority in coupled models.
Therefore, we implemented a strategy of iterative testing and
re-optimization of CTSM. A multi-decadal climate dataset (1990-2021) was
generated using RASM with optimized land parameters and manually tuned
WRF microphysics. When evaluated against multiple observational
datasets, this dataset well captures the climate statistics and spatial
distributions for five key weather variables and hydrologic fluxes,
including precipitation, air temperature, snow fraction,
evaporation-to-precipitation ratios, and streamflow. The simulated
precipitation shows wet bias during the spring season and simulated air
temperatures exhibit dampened seasonality with warm biases in winter and
cold biases in summer. We used transfer entropy to investigate the
discrepancy in connectivity of hydrologic fluxes between the offline
CTSM and coupled models, which contributed to their discrepancy in
streamflow simulations.
Unveiling the Trajectory of Board Diversity Research: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Safeei Roshidah Safeei , ANUAR AZYYATI , WAN ISMAIL WAN ADIBAH , MOHD YUSOF GHANI NOR AZRINA
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate board diversity using bibliometric analysis. This study examines publication sources, authorship, citations, distribution of publications, and other bibliometric indicators. This study focuses on 290 articles published from 2013 to 2022. Using an automated process, these articles were extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed using bibliometric indicator analysis, VOSviewer, Microsoft Excel, OpenRefine and Perish or Publish. A total of 290 research articles and reviews on board diversity were included in this study. The present study found that the United States was the most productive country (n = 61), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 42), Australia (n = 29), and China (n = 27). The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France (n = 8) was the most prominent institution. This study unveils relevant articles, authors, and journals that have discussed board diversity. This study's findings can inform practitioners of the state of the art and the particulars of the most prolific studies. In addition, this study aims to clarify the project themes and tools utilized most frequently in these works. The locations of influential articles and their authors are disclosed. In addition, a list of often-used terms aids in developing a research agenda that highlights pertinent themes, methods, and industries.
Investigating Factors Affecting Fans’ Intention to Attend Anime Events: Conceptual
Authors: Abdul Jabar Mashita , Abdul Hamid Shareenie Shera , Mukhtar Zaity Akhtar , Mohamed Nik Rozilaini Wan , Abdul Jabar Shahira , Abdul Jabar Mohd Shafiq
Published: March 2024

This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the factors influencing anime fans' intention to attend anime events. As the popularity of Japanese animation (anime) proliferates globally, anime events have emerged as a distinct tourism market segment. However, academic research on anime event attendance factors is limited. This study aims to address this gap by developing a framework integrating three key factors frequently highlighted in the general event and fan culture literature: event image, travel motivations, and media information. Event image denotes attendees' holistic perceptions encompassing cognitive and affective dimensions. Travel motivations refer to internal and external drivers stimulating the intention to attend, such as escapism, socialization, and novelty-seeking. Media information represents sources informing attendees' perceptions and decisions through platforms like social media and websites. The framework posits that these three factors directly influence fans' intention to attend anime events. A quantitative methodology will be utilized to collect survey data from anime communities and analyse the model via PLS SEM techniques. The framework contributes a theoretical understanding of anime event attendance, validates linkages between factors, and provides practical implications for event organizers and marketers to enhance the appeal and competitiveness of anime events. Further research could extend the model’s generalizability, explore causal mechanisms between factors, examine additional variables, and conduct longitudinal studies on evolving attendee behaviour and preferences.
Predictors of Severe Anxiety Among Bumiputera Students
Authors: SITI FAIRUS BINTI FUZI  , Siti Ramizah Jama  , Nordianah Jusoh  , Siti Nursyahira Zainudin  , Bushra Abdul Halim  , Nurul Emyza Zahidi  , Wan Hartini Wan Hassan
Published: March 2024

Despite widespread vaccination efforts, ongoing Covid-19 pandemic continues to affect population globally. In mitigating and exerting control over the spread of the virus, a variety of measures have been carried out by countries worldwide. As a result, this has detrimental effects on citizens’ mental health. University students are particularly among those significantly affected where they face challenges stemming from the pandemic and academic pressures. The purpose of this study was to explore anxiety along with the contributing factors of anxiety itself specifically among the students of Bumiputera at public university. The survey, conducted through a Google Docs Form, was distributed online from 13 Aug to 12 Sep 2021. Descriptive analysis was employed in assessing the anxiety levels of the Bumiputera students. To identify academic features, psychosocial attributes, Covid-19-related factors, socio-demographic characteristics, challenges in open and distance learning (ODL), previously achieved academic performance, current academic performance, and overall satisfaction with ODL that exhibit significant associations with anxiety, an independent-sample t-test or a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was performed. Finally, in identifying protective and risk factors related to anxiety among significant socio-demographic characteristics, ODL challenges, academic characteristics, psychosocial characteristics, COVID-19-related factors and overall satisfaction towards ODL, multinomial logistic regression was conducted. Gender, sharing laptops/computers, difficulties in catching up with tough online courses, depressive thoughts and experience of quarantined because of close contact with positive COVID-19 individuals were identified as protective factors against anxiety symptoms while field of study and overall satisfaction towards ODL were risk factors of developing severe anxiety.
Exploring the Usability and Engagement of Students in an Educational Board Game on Personal Financial Planning
Authors: Osman Idris , Md Taib Norraeffa , Abu Yazid Zarinah , Daud Shahreena , Othman Mohd Zailani
Published: March 2024

Traditional teaching approaches lack engagement, personalization, flexibility, and effective evaluation, thereby limiting learning outcomes. Consequently, these systems face challenges in engaging students, meeting their individual needs, adapting to diverse learning situations, and accurately assessing their competency. Educational board games (EBGs) offer a dynamic and engaging learning experience through play and personalized learning, promising optimal outcomes to overcome these obstacles. The objective of this study is to investigate how usability influences student engagement using the MEEGA+ evaluation approach during EBG play in a Personal Financial Planning course at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Melaka, Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. This quantitative study involved a self-administered questionnaire and a purposive sample of 200 bachelor’s degree students in the course. PLS-SEM was utilized to assess the model and hypothesized relationships. The operability and accessibility of educational games significantly enhanced student engagement, underscoring the utility of board games for learning through play. Usability, experience, and engagement should be integral considerations in instructional game design. The MEEGA+ assessment model can be applied to evaluate game-based learning across various EBGs. Board games have the potential to enhance educational outcomes, underscoring the necessity for further research in game-based learning. The study also suggests that the MEEGA assessment model can assist designers and educators in developing effective game-based learning experiences.
Molecular identification of Trichoderma sp. Margodadi isolate and its potential against Phytophthora capsici causing foot rot of black pepper
Authors: Prasetyo Joko , Baitullah Juniar Nur , Evizal Rusdi , Maryono Tri , Ginting Cipta
Published: March 2024

Trichoderma has the potential to suppress fungal pathogens and thus control plant diseases, including Phytophthora foot rot, which is the most devastating disease of black pepper in Lampung. Identification of a microorganism can not only rely on its morphological characteristics, but it is also necessary to identify it molecularly at the species level. This research was aimed at identifying the fungus Trichoderma sp. Margodadi isolates at the species level and to know the potential of Trichoderma sp. Margodadi isolates and their secondary metabolites to control P. capsici. This research was conducted from March to November 2021 at the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Department of Plant Protection, and the Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Identification of Trichoderma was done by morphological characteristics and molecular methods. The ability of Trichoderma to suppress P. capsici was tested by dual culture. The effect of secondary metabolites on the growth of P. capsici was determined in vitro at concentrations of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments repeated five times. The data obtained from the test were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the LSD test at 5%. The results of this study showed that Trichoderma sp. Margodadi isolate had a close relationship with Trichoderma asperellum and had the ability as an antagonist to inhibit the growth of P. capsici up to 47.23%, and the secondary metabolites produced could inhibit the growth of P. capsici up to 72.53% with the best concentration of 40%.
Destinasyon Sosyal Sorumluluğu, Müşteri Memnuniyeti, Tekrar Ziyaret ve Tavsiye Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi: İstanbul Örneği
Authors: Sezen Nevres , Keskin Emrah , Çetiner Hakan
Published: March 2024

Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, işletmelerin çevreye ve topluma yönelik görevleridir. Turizmde otel işletmelerinin de çevreye ve müşterilerine yönelik sorumlulukları vardır. Bu otel işletmelerinin sorumlulukları müşterilerin davranışsal niyetlerini etkilemektedir. Hazırlanan çalışma otel işletmelerindeki kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, memnuniyet, tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye etme niyeti arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nicel araştırma yöntemi ve tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan basit küreleme örnekleme tekniği kullanılmış ve İstanbul’daki otelleri ziyaret edenlerin katılım sağladığı 500 anket toplanmıştır. Elde edilen anketlerin 481’i analiz için uygun bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programından yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda İstanbul’daki otellerin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluklarının müşteri memnuniyeti ile tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye niyeti arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra İstanbul deneyimi sonucu oluşan müşteri memnuniyeti ile tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye niyeti arasında da pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Factors that influence domestic tourists’ decision to visit nature-based tourism destinations in the northern region of Malaysia
Authors: Wan Sarah Shuhada Wan Shamshudi , Farah Nadiah Radzuan , Nur Faza Atiqa Faizal , Siti Amalina Mohd Yazid , Mohd Khairulanwar Md Yusof , Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan
Published: March 2024

Nature-based tourism is a growing trend that drives sustainable options within the tourism industry. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence domestic tourists’ decision to visit nature-based tourism in relation of six independent variables: nature, escape, activities, novelty, nostalgia, and attractions. A survey through a questionnaire was distributed to domestic tourists who travel to nature-based destinations. The research used descriptive analysis to investigate the demographic visitors that visit nature-based destinations. Regression analysis was used to identify the most popular reason for choosing the factors. The results of this study provide information to industry players and academics on domestic tourists’ preferences in nature-based tourism.
Subnational diplomacy in the United States: a practice that is still expanding
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow and Director of the CIDOB Global Cities Programme, Fernández de Losada Agustí
Published: March 2024

From a certain relevance in the second half of the 20th century, albeit episodic and with a domestic focus, subnational diplomacy in the United States has moved with the new millennium towards fresh, more complex and sophisticated, multi-actor frameworks that have greater potential impact. They are frameworks in which certain philanthropic organisations, the private sector, highly influential think tanks and academia carry considerable weight. Today, Ambassador Nina Hachigian, US special representative for city and state diplomacy, leads a strategy looking to gain influence in the State Department and thus make subnational governments key components of the United States’ diplomatic machinery. It remains to be seen how the strategy will evolve, all the more so with the prospect of Donald Trump on the horizon.
The Comparison of Circular Economy Analysis in Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Indriawati Ratna Malisa , Gravitiani Evi , Samara Pramana Widya
Published: March 2024

This study seeks to present a better understanding of knowledge about the circular economy by referring to literature studies in developed and developing countries during the observation period from 2006 to 2022. This study provides an overview of the bibliometric approach: time analysis, journal analysis, co-authorship analysis, keyword analysis, citation analysis, country analysis, and agency analysis. The level of research contribution in developed and developing countries tended to be low until 2016, increasing significantly in recent years. Keyword analysis reveals that Circular Economy has the highest contribution in 2019 for developed countries and in 2020 for developing countries. Then, the citation analysis shows that "Towards a National Circular Economy Indicator System in China: An Evaluation and Critical Analysis" has the highest citation. And China became the number one country for its contribution to circular economy publications globally. This study suggests that developed and developing countries collectively have a deeper understanding of the circular economy concept for sustainable green economic growth globally.
Gender Diversity on Commissioner Board and Decision Making: Evidence Using Capital Raised Through IPOs
Authors: Soesetio Yuli , Rudiningtyas Dyah Arini , Winarta Winarta , Dhevi Cattetiana
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of the presence of women in the board of commissioners’ structure on the funds allocating decisions to finance various company investment opportunities sourced from corporate actions, such as an initial public offering (IPO). Service companies, especially the financial sector became a vast field for a woman, therefore, the financial sector that has conducted IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the past 21 years was selected as a research sample. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression with OLS method which examines cross-sectionally the effect of the presence of women in 53 companies. This result shows that the presence of women on the board of commissioners affects the decision-making process on the amount of funding allocation for the company's investment opportunities. Their existence minimizes the allocation of IPO funds to finance various company investment opportunities in the future. Thus, gender studies in IPO corporate actions, especially in developing countries, are still very rarely studied. Women are known to have a short-term problem-solving perspective and are less confident than men, but they are more careful when making decisions. Despite the dominating nature of prudence, women can reduce the potential for financial distress due to risky investment decisions by choosing the decision to hoard funds in the form of cash to strengthen working capital.
Environmental Factors in Affecting Student Entrepreneurship Decision
Authors: Sujianto Agus Eko , Mashudi Mashudi , Khansa Aliya
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of environmental factors on students' entrepreneurial decisions in Indonesia. Based on theoretical mapping and previous research, the results showed that the environmental factors in question are the internal and external environment. The research design used is quantitative, with the population consisting of alumni of the Master of Sharia Economics UIN SATU Tulungagung. Based on the distribution of questionnaires to 158 alumni, 123 respondents or 78% were obtained and the remaining 22% did not fill out the questionnaire. By analyzing data using regression, the results showed that there was a significant positive internal and external environment on entrepreneurial decisions. Respondents were motivated to become entrepreneurs because it has been their dream since birth, government policies are pro-entrepreneurship, open access to obtain financing, entrepreneurship has become a culture, and promises independence for an entrepreneur.
Mobile application to tackle infection disease in Indonesia
Authors: Bas Leonardus Ansis , Al Faruqi Ali Shidqie , Harefa Ridho Kurniwan , Spits Warnars Harco Leslie Hendric , Ramadhan Arief , Noordin Nurulhuda
Published: March 2024

Infectious diseases often occur, especially as diseases such as COVID-19 have claimed many lives in the years between 2019–2021. That’s why it’s called COVID-19, considering that this infectious disease outbreak started in 2019, and its consequences and effects are devastating. Like other countries’ governments, the Indonesian government always announces the latest data on this infectious disease, such as death rates and recoveries. Infectious diseases are transmitted directly through disease carriers to humans through infections such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasites. In this research, we offer a contagious illness monitoring application to help the public and government know the zone’s status so that people are more alert when travelling between regions. This application was created based on Web Application Programming Interface (API) data and configured on the Google Map API to determine a person’s or user’s coordinates in a particular zone. We made it using the prototype method to help users understand this application well. This research is part of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) research, where the use of mobile technology is an example of implementation options that can be made to implement this system.
FIELD EXPERIENCE AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY-BASED LITERACY INSTRUCTION
Authors: Çetinkaya Seher
Published: March 2024

This action research involves the use of Grossman's representation, decomposition and approximation framework in field experience and how pre-service teachers can use digital tools in literacy instruction. The analysis of the data revealed that pre-service teachers' participation in this action research had an impact on their self-efficacy beliefs towards literacy teaching (SEB-TL) and microteaching skills, and that the participants felt that teaching a field experience-based literacy instruction course (LIC) integrating the use of digital tools contributed positively to their professional development. Based on the research findings, the need to integrate digital tools into literacy instruction in teacher education in the 21st century was discussed. In addition, the importance of simultaneous implementation of field experience and theory in literacy instruction was discussed by bringing an alternative perspective to teacher education programs, in which theoretical courses are given first and then theory and practice are combined.
Simple scores to predict 1-year mortality in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cemin Roberto , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Gonzini Lucio , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Boriani Giuseppe , Di Lenarda Andrea , Nardi Federico , Gulizia Michele Massimo ,   BLITZ-AF Investigators
Published: March 2024

Background

Traditional scores as CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-Vasc are suitable for predicting stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and have shown to be also associated with mortality. Other more complex scores have been recommended for survival prediction. The purpose of our analysis was to test the performance of different clinical scores in predicting 1-year mortality in AF patients.

Material and methods

CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-Vasc scores were calculated for AF patients of the BLITZ-AF register and compared to R2-CHADS2, R2-CHA2DS2-Vasc and CHA2DS2VASc-RAF scores in predicting 1-year survival. Scores including renal function were calculated both with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance.

Results

One-year vital status (1960 alive and 199 dead) was available in 2159 patients. Receiver-operating characteristic curves displayed an association of each score to all-cause mortality, with R2(ClCrea)-CHADS2 being the best [area under the curve (AUC) 0.734]. Differences among the AUCs of the eight scores were not so evident, and a significant difference was found only between R2(ClCrea)-CHADS2 and CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc, (ClCrea)-CHA2DS2-VASC-RAF.

All the scores showed a similar performance for cardiovascular (CV) mortality, with CHA2DS2VASc-RAF being the best (AUC 0.757), with a significant difference with respect to CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc, and (ClCrea)CHA2DS2Vasc-RAF.

Conclusions

More complex scores, even if with better statistical performance, do not show a clinically relevant higher capability to discriminate alive or dead patients at 12 months. The classical and well known CHA2DS2VASc score, which is routinely used all around the world, has a high sensitivity in predicting all-cause mortality (AUC 0.695; Sensit. 80.4%) and CV mortality (AUC 0.691; Sensit. 80.0%).

Graphical abstract

http://links.lww.com/JCM/A632
The Role of Pyramidal Organizational Structure in Organizational Efficiency and Effectiveness
Authors: Hajdari Rozafa , Jupa Njomza
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is the theoretical treatment of organizational structuring aspect, with special emphasis on the role of pyramidal organizational structure in organizational efficiency and effectiveness. More broadly, it talks about the importance of the organizational structure for the division of tasks, roles, responsibilities, authority and so on, as well as the importance of the optimal breadth of management in the success of organizations, respectively in the correct and clear understanding of roles of each member within the organization. Likewise, it is intended that through the study carried out in 50 enterprises in Kosovo, the importance of applying an adequate organizational structure that ensures their success will be presented. The study made it clear at what level the pyramidal organizational structure is applied by these enterprises and how much efficiency and effectiveness this structure has provided to them.