bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Characterization of the Oman Crust‐Mantle Transition Zone, OmanDP Holes CM1A and CM2B
Authors: Kourim F. , Rospabé M. , Dygert N. , Chatterjee S. , Takazawa E. , Wang K.‐L. , Godard M. , Benoit M. , Giampouras M. , Ishii K. , Teagle D. A.‐H. , Cooper M.‐J. , Kelemen P.
Published: March 2022

The transition from the gabbroic oceanic crust to the residual mantle harzburgites of the Oman ophiolite has been drilled at Holes CM1A and CM2B (Wadi Tayin massif) during Phase 2 of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program Oman Drilling Project (November 2017–January 2018). In order to unravel the formation processes of ultramafic rocks in the Wadi Tayin massif crust‐mantle transition zone and deeper in the mantle sections beneath oceanic spreading centers, our study focuses on the whole rock major and trace element compositions (together with CO2 and H2O concentrations) of these ultramafic rocks (56 dunites and 49 harzburgites). Despite extensive serpentinization and some carbonation, most of the trace element contents (REE, HFSE, Ti, Th, U) record high temperature, magmatic process‐related signatures. Two major trends are observed, with good correlations between (a) Th and U, Nb and LREE on one hand, and between (b) heavy REE, Ti and Hf on the other hand. We interpret the first trend as the signature of late melt/peridotite interactions as LREE are known to be mobilized by such processes (‘‘lithospheric process’’) and the second trend as the signature of the initial mantle partial melting (‘‘asthenospheric process’’), with little or no overprint from melt/rock reaction events.
How Well Are Sudden Stratospheric Warming Surface Impacts Captured in CMIP6 Climate Models?
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Mitchell Dann M. , Seviour William J. M , Wright Corwin J.
Published: March 2022

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are associated with episodes of extreme winter weather, often leading to significant societal impacts. Using observations alone, it is hard to quantify the SSW impact on surface extreme weather, because the observational record only covers ∼40 events. Climate models provide an effective way to increase this sample size, potentially into 1000s of events, but only if we trust that they capture SSW processes well. We evaluate the representation of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling associated with SSWs in 10 models from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In general, the models and the reanalysis have different patterns of tropospheric precursors, but similar stratospheric responses to precursors. The individual CMIP6 models capture the main spatial features of surface impact: A negative phase of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), with distinctive alternating positive and negative temperature anomalies across the northern hemisphere. We assess the time evolution of SSW surface impacts for individual models over different regions and construct an overview of how well each model captures surface impacts. Models perform particularly well in simulating the surface impact evolution over the Baffin Bay and Siberia regions. Over the United States, Northwest Europe, and the Middle East, there is less agreement among models. Models underestimate the magnitude of temperature anomalies associated with SSWs over the Middle East and over the Eastern Seaboard of North America, but the magnitude of the circulation responses are comparable with reanalysis.
Assessing the Impact of Weak and Moderate Geomagnetic Storms on UK Power Station Transformers
Authors: Lewis Z. M. , Wild J. A. , Allcock M. , Walach M.‐T.
Published: March 2022

It is well documented that space weather can impact electricity infrastructure, and several incidents have been observed in recent decades and directly linked to large geomagnetic storms (e.g., the Hydro Québec incident in 1989). However, less is understood about the impact of lower‐level geomagnetically induced currents on the health of transformers in the long term. In this study, the long term impact of geomagnetic activity on 13 power station transformers in the UK is investigated. Dissolved gas measurements from 2010 to 2015 were used to look for evidence of a link between degradation of the transformer and heightened levels of the global SYM‐H index and as measured at Eskdalemuir magnetometer station in southern Scotland. First, case studies of the most significant storms in this time period were examined using dissolved gas analysis methods, specifically the Low Energy Degradation Triangle. These case studies were then augmented with a statistical survey, including Superposed Epoch Analysis of multiple storm events. No evidence of a systematic space weather impact can be found during this time period, likely owing to the relatively quiet nature of the Sun during this epoch and the modernity of the transformers studied.
Statistics of Multi‐MeV Electron Drift‐Periodic Flux Oscillations Using Van Allen Probes Observations
Authors: Zhao Hong , Sarris Theodore E. , Li Xinlin , Huckabee Isabella G. , Baker Daniel N. , Jaynes Allison J. , Kanekal Shrikanth G.
Published: March 2022

Multi‐MeV electron drift‐periodic flux oscillations observed in Earth's radiation belts indicate radial transport and energization/de‐energization of these radiation belt core populations. Using multi‐year Van Allen Probes observations, a statistical analysis is conducted to understand the characteristics of this phenomenon. The results show that most of these flux oscillations result from resonant interactions with broadband ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and are indicators of ongoing radial diffusion. The occurrence frequency of flux oscillations is higher during high solar wind speed/dynamic pressure and geomagnetically active times; however, a large number of them were still observed under mild to moderate solar wind/geomagnetic conditions. The occurrence frequency is also highest (up to ∼30%) at low L‐shells () under various geomagnetic activity, suggesting the general presence of broadband ULF waves and radial diffusion at low L‐shells even during geomagnetically quiet times and showing the critical role of the electron phase space density radial gradient in forming drift‐periodic flux oscillations.
Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Themens David R. , Watson Chris , Žagar Nedjeljka , Vasylkevych Sergiy , Elvidge Sean , McCaffrey Anthony , Prikryl Paul , Reid Ben , Wood Alan , Jayachandran P. T.
Published: March 2022

In this study, we use measurements from over 4,735 globally distributed Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to track the progression of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) associated with the 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcanic eruption. We identify two distinct Large Scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) and several subsequent Medium Scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) that propagate radially outward from the eruption site. Within 3,000 km of epicenter, LSTIDs of >1,600 km wavelengths are initially observed propagating at speeds of ∼950 and ∼555 ms−1, before substantial slowing to ∼600 and ∼390 ms−1, respectively. MSTIDs with speeds of 200–400 ms−1 are observed for 6 hrs following eruption, the first of which comprises the dominant global ionospheric response and coincides with the atmospheric surface pressure disturbance associated with the eruption. These are the first results demonstrating the global impact of the Tonga eruption on the ionospheric state.
Reduced protection of RIPK3-deficient mice against influenza by matrix protein 2 ectodomain targeted active and passive vaccination strategies
Authors: Oltean Teodora , Ibanez Lorena Itati , Divert Tatyana , Ysenbaert Tine , Van Eeckhoutte Hannelore , Goossens Vera , Schotsaert Michael , Bracke Ken , Schepens Bert , Maelfait Jonathan , Takahashi Nozomi , Saelens Xavier , Vandenabeele Peter
Published: March 2022

RIPK3 partially protects against disease caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection in the mouse model. Here, we compared the immune protection of active vaccination with a universal influenza A vaccine candidate based on the matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and of passive immunization with anti-M2e IgG antibodies in wild type and Ripk3−/− mice. We observed that the protection against IAV after active vaccination with M2e viral antigen is lost in Ripk3−/− mice. Interestingly, M2e-specific serum IgG levels induced by M2e vaccination were not significantly different between wild type and Ripk3−/− vaccinated mice demonstrating that the at least the humoral immune response was not affected by the absence of RIPK3 during active vaccination. Moreover, following IAV challenge, lungs of M2e vaccinated Ripk3−/− mice revealed a decreased number of immune cell infiltrates and an increased accumulation of dead cells, suggesting that phagocytosis could be reduced in Ripk3−/− mice. However, neither efferocytosis nor antibody-dependent phagocytosis were affected in macrophages isolated from Ripk3−/− mice. Likewise following IAV infection of Ripk3−/− mice, active vaccination and infection resulted in decreased presence of CD8+ T-cells in the lung. However, it is unclear whether this reflects a deficiency in vaccination or an inability following infection. Finally, passively transferred anti-M2e monoclonal antibodies at higher dose than littermate wild type mice completely protected Ripk3−/− mice against an otherwise lethal IAV infection, demonstrating that the increased sensitivity of Ripk3−/− mice could be overcome by increased antibodies. Therefore we conclude that passive immunization strategies with monoclonal antibody could be useful for individuals with reduced IAV vaccine efficacy or increased IAV sensitivity, such as may be expected in patients treated with future anti-inflammatory therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases such as RIPK inhibitors.
A cyclical wildfire pattern as the outcome of a coupled human natural system
Authors: Farkhondehmaal Farshad , Ghaffarzadegan Navid
Published: March 2022

Over the past decades, wildfire has imposed a considerable cost on natural resources and human lives. In many regions, annual wildfire trends show puzzling oscillatory patterns with increasing amplitudes for burned areas over time. This paper aims to examine the potential causes of such patterns by developing and examining a dynamic simulation model that represents interconnected social and natural dynamics in a coupled system. We develop a generic dynamic model and, based on simulation results, postulate that the interconnection between human and natural subsystems is a source of the observed cyclical patterns in wildfires in which risk perception regulates activities that can result in more fire and development of vulnerable properties. Our simulation-based policy analysis points to a non-linear characteristic of the system, which rises due to the interconnections between the human side and the natural side of the system. This has a major policy implication: in contrast to studies that look for the most effective policy to contain wildfires, we show that a long-term solution is not a single action but is a combination of multiple actions that simultaneously target both human and natural sides of the system.
Promotion effect of free Ag+ ions on photocatalytic dechlorination processes
Authors: Tian Meng , Qian Jing , Hou Jiawei , Bai Yadi , Jiang Hai-Ying , Ren Jingyun
Published: March 2022

Free silver ions (Ag+) in the solution exhibit enhanced photocatalytic dechlorination processes of organic chloride, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, over PhC2Cu under visible light irradiation.
Stereospecific recognition and rapid determination of d-amino acids in human serum based on luminescent metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Qingju , Tang Saixue , Wang Hui , Han Ping
Published: March 2022

A luminescent terbium-based MOF based biosensing system with excellent performance for the stereospecific detection of d-amino acids.
Spray deposited polycrystalline MAPbBr3 thick films for hole-transport-material free solar cells
Authors: Xu Qien , Rao Zhengdan , Yang Yiting , Jin Bo , He Xiaotian , Lai Jiaxuan , He Tiantian , Yang Lin , Zhang Limin , Liang Yongqi
Published: March 2022

Close-to intrinsic doped MAPbBr3 thick films are depleted and photogenerated carriers drift fast before they get selectively extracted by the electrodes.
Structures and electronic properties of VSin− (n = 14–20) clusters: a combined experimental and density functional theory study
Authors: Wang Kai , Jia Ze-Zhao , Fan Zheng , Zhao Hong-Yuan , Yin Guang-Jia , Moro Ramiro , von Issendorff Bernd , Ma Lei
Published: March 2022

We present a systematic study of the structures and electronic properties of vanadium-doped silicon cluster anions, VSin− (n = 14–20), by combining photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Ti3C2Tx (MXene)-wrapped V2O5/Fe2O3 composites for enhanced-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Pan Zhihu , Ji Xiaohong
Published: March 2022

Ti3C2Tx-wrapped V2O5/Fe2O3 (VFO) composites were designed and prepared for achieving enhanced electrochemical performance.
Synergistic effect of metal oxidation states and surface acidity enhanced the trace ethylene adsorption of Ag/ZSM-5
Authors: Li Chunli , Yang Huaming , Qi Ying , Li Hao
Published: March 2022

The regulation of trace ethylene adsorption performance through changing zeolite Si/Al ratios improved the performance of zeolite-based adsorbents.
Ruthenium nanoparticles integrated bimetallic metal–organic framework electrocatalysts for multifunctional electrode materials and practical water electrolysis in seawater
Authors: Muthurasu Alagan , Chhetri Kisan , Dahal Bipeen , Kim Hak Yong
Published: March 2022

There is still a significant technical hurdle in the integration of better electrocatalysts with coordinated functional units and morphological integrity that improves reversible electrochemical activity, electrical conductivity, and mass transport capabilities.
Dual-reactive nanogels for orthogonal functionalization of hydrophilic shell and amphiphilic network
Authors: Gruber Alexandra , Navarro Lucila , Klinger Daniel
Published: March 2022

Dual-reactive precursor nanogels allow independent adjustment of core and shell properties. This versatile synthetic platform is based on post-polymerization modification to give access to multi-functional nanogels.
Atomic layer deposition of titanium oxide thin films using a titanium precursor with a linked amido-cyclopentadienyl ligand
Authors: Kim Seongyoon , Hidayat Romel , Roh Hyeonsu , Kim Jaemin , Kim Hye-Lee , Khumaini Khabib , Park Mira , Seok Jang-Hyeon , Park Jung Woo , Lee Won-Jun
Published: March 2022

We studied the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films using a newly developed heteroleptic titanium precursor with a linked ligand.
Characteristics of human oral microbiome and its non-invasive diagnostic value in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Shiyuan , Wu Ge , Liu Wenli , Fan Yajuan , Song Wengang , Wu Jian , Gao Dan , Gu Xi , Jing Sanhui , Shen Quanquan , Ren Lingyan , Dong Yindi , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: March 2022

Background: Morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increased, with many complications and high mortality rates. The characteristics of oral microbiome in CKD patients have not been reported. This study aims to analyze the oral microbiome, and to demonstrate the potential of microbiome as noninvasive biomarkers for CKD patients.

Methods: The study collected 253 oral samples from different regions of China (Central China and East China) prospectively and finally 235 samples completed Miseq sequencing, including 103 samples from CKD patients and 132 healthy controls (HCs).

Results: Compared with HCs (n=88), the oral microbial diversity in CKD patients (n=44) was increased. Fourteen genera including Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Leptotrichia were enriched, while six genera including Prevotella and Haemophilus were decreased in CKD patients. Moreover, 49 predicted microbial gene functions including arginine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism increased, while 55 functions including Ribosome and DNA repair recombination proteins decreased. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were closely related to 5 clinical indicators of CKD. Notably, 7 optimal biomarkers were identified using random forest model, and the classifier model respectively reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9917 and 0.8026 in the discovery and validation phase, achieving a cross-region validation.

Conclusions: We first illustrated the characteristics of the oral microbiome of patients with CKD, identified the potential of oral microbial makers as noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of CKD and achieved cross-region validation.
Energy efficiency based lifetime improvement for wireless body area network
Authors: Guo Kunqi , Syed Sheeraz Ali Shah
Published: March 2022

The efficient selection of cluster head nodes for the transmission of the data to the sink node is the major requirement of the wireless body area network. The present work deals with the efficient selection of the cluster head node and uniform rotation of the cluster head based on the four important parameters, i.e. residual energy of the node, mean value of the Euclidean distance, priority level based on data sensitivity, and device physical capability. The proposed energy‐efficient Bayesian clustering algorithm uses naïve Bayesian approach for the appropriate selection of the cluster head node. The selected cluster head node collects the data from the sensor nodes in each round. The collected data is first aggregated and then transmitted to the base station. In the steady‐state phase, the proposed algorithm follows energy‐analysed‐TDMA based energy‐efficient data transmission method which further reduces the energy consumption as compared to the standard LEACH protocol. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared to the existing protocol on the MATLAB simulator. The proposed scheme increases the overall lifetime of the network by approximately 1.5 times and also reduces the average energy consumption of the network.
Observer based anti‐windup compensator with functional state feedback for time delay controllers—design and case study application
Authors: Bušek Jaroslav , Zítek Pavel , Vyhlídal Tomáš
Published: March 2022

Observer‐based anti‐windup compensator technique is proposed for controllers with time delays in the structure. Taking into consideration the functional character of such controllers and their infinite dimensionality, the feedback is designed as functional. For this purpose, the Ackermann formula is applied to form the functional observer feedback within the scheme involving the control‐action saturation and utilising the back‐calculation principle. It is demonstrated that for the considered controller form and anti‐windup compensator structure, the functional feedback results as causal and turns the design task to finite spectrum assignment. Nevertheless, due to the involved saturation, the feedback parameter tuning remains a nonlinear optimisation task. However, it is shown that via tuning the loop by assigning a multiple root, the optimisation problem is well feasible and can be done, e.g. by minimising an integral squared error criterion. The proposed design technique is step by step demonstrated on control of a benchmark model of heating system with substantial delays in the states, with distinct hereditary dynamics and with saturation at the system control‐input.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Shu Yiping , Cañameras Raoul , Schuldt Stefan , Suyu Sherry H. , Taubenberger Stefan , Inoue Kaiki Taro , Jaelani Anton T.
Published: March 2022

We carry out a search for strong-lens systems containing high-redshift lens galaxies with the goal of extending strong-lensing-assisted galaxy evolutionary studies to earlier cosmic time. Two strong-lens classifiers are constructed from a deep residual network and trained with datasets of different lens-redshift and brightness distributions. We classify a sample of 5 356 628 pre-selected objects from the Wide-layer fields in the second public data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) by applying the two classifiers to their HSCgri-filter cutouts. Cutting off at thresholds that correspond to a false positive rate of 10−3on our test set, the two classifiers identify 5468 and 6119 strong-lens candidates. Visually inspecting the cutouts of those candidates results in 735 grade-A or B strong-lens candidates in total, of which 277 candidates are discovered for the first time. This is the single largest set of galaxy-scale strong-lens candidates discovered with HSC data to date, and nearly half of it (331/735) contains lens galaxies with photometric redshifts above 0.6. Our discoveries will serve as a valuable target list for ongoing and scheduled spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph project, and the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer.
Development of single sensor fast response pressure probes
Authors: Tanaka Keizo , Kalfas Anestis I. , Hodson Howard P.
Published: March 2022

Multi-sensor fast response pressure probes are often used in turbomachinery investigations. However, the size of multi-sensor probes are often larger than is ideal. This paper describes the development of a single sensor pressure probe that has sufficient sensitivity for the measurements of unsteady 3D flow fields in turbomachines. Because there is only one sensor, the probe can be made much smaller than previous designs. Several types of probe were designed and tested using largescale models in a wind tunnel. Both the steady state and the dynamic response have been investigated. The relationship between the shape of the probe and its yaw and pitch sensitivity has been investigated through measurements of the pressure distribution on the large-scale models and through visualizations of the flow. Dambach and Hodson [3] proposed a new method of data reduction for a single sensor pressure probe. In that work, a single sensor pressure probe with the shape of a triangular prism was fabricated and tested with success in a radial flow turbine where the flow field was mainly 2D. The probe was shown to have only yaw sensitivity while pitch sensitivity is also important in the survey of three dimensional turbomachinery flows. In this paper, the model probes were used to assess the pitch sensitivity of single sensor pressure probes. All the probes have the sensing face at the end of a radially mounted stem so that they can be used for inter bladerow measurements. Through the steady state measurements, the dependency of pitch sensitivity on (1) the shape of the probe stem (e.g., Square, Circular, and Triangular) and (2) the angle of the slanted sensing face at the tip of the probe were investigated. Having assessed all the designs based on the steady state experiments, the dynamic behaviour of selected designs was investigated. The results indicate that a slanted face and appropriate probe tip design can be used to increase the pitch sensitivity of the single sensor probe to acceptable levels.
Rainforest persistence and recruitment after Australia’s 2019–2020 fires in subtropical, temperate, dry and littoral rainforests
Authors: Baker Andrew G. , Catterall Claudia , Wiseman Matthew
Published: March 2022

Interactions between rainforest plants and fire occur when fires encroach into rainforest and when rainforest pioneers colonise fire-prone open forests. Although numerous studies show that many rainforest plants survive fire by resprouting and postfire seedling recruitment, data is lacking for several major Australian rainforest types. In this study, we examine fire-resilience traits among 228 taxa of woody rainforest plants in four rainforest classes (subtropical, warm temperate, dry and littoral rainforest) less than 1 year after being burnt in the extensive wildfires of 2019–2020. Among taxa with ≥ 5 records of complete crown scorch (126), resprouting occurred in 63% of taxa overall and 61% of late-successional taxa. Fire-cued seedling recruitment occurred in 62% of taxa overall and 48% of late-successional taxa. Surprisingly, species richness of woody plants increased 22% postfire due to high rates of persistence and emergence of new taxa into standing plant populations as seedlings. Stem density increased ∼400% postfire due to high rates of resprouting and reproduction through suckering and seedling recruitment, although there was a significant redistribution from medium to smaller stem size classes. Larger stems (>10 cm diameter at breast height) were not significantly reduced in rainforest stands. High resprouting rates in small rainforest plants (1 cm diameter at breast height, 1 m tall) suggests rapid attainment of resprouting capacity. Our findings demonstrate that most subtropical, dry, warm temperate and littoral rainforest plant taxa are resilient to rare fires, and suggest that rainforest plants that invade rarely-burnt open forests may quickly become resistant to removal by infrequent fires, with potential for increased populations through fire-enhanced seedling germination.
Acetylammonium chloride as an additive for crystallization control and defect passivation in MAPbI3 based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Alexander Akhil , Srivastava Varun , Ravichandran Poovannan , Pulikodan Vijith K , Anitha B , Joseph Alvin , Namboothiry Manoj A G
Published: March 2022

Uniform and high-electronic-quality perovskite thin films are necessary for high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and additives play a major role in improving the quality of the perovskite films. Here, we demonstrate acetylammonium chloride (AAC) as an additive to effectively control the morphology and crystal quality of the methylammonium lead iodide perovskite film. AAC incorporated PSCs have shown an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.9% compared to 14.9% of the control device. Furthermore, AAC incorporated PSCs exhibit high operational stability by retaining 89% of the initial efficiency after 150 h of continuous operation while the control devices degrade to 51% of the initial PCE in just 45 h. The improved performance and stability of the AAC incorporated PSCs can be attributed to the (a) formation of uniform sized perovskite films of larger grains and (b) passivation of defects present in the grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite film. The defect density has reduced from 4.1 × 1016 to 1.97 × 1016 cm−3 on addition of AAC to the perovskite film. The reduction in defects-induced non-radiative recombination decay pathways, as further verified from impedance and capacitance–frequency measurements, has caused an enhancement in the open circuit voltage of the AAC incorporated devices and thus an improvement in the PCE and stability of the devices.
Fabrication of solid-state nanopores
Authors: Lin Kabin , Chen Chen , Wang Congsi , Lian Peiyuan , Wang Yan , Xue Song , Sha Jingjie , Chen Yunfei
Published: March 2022

Nanopores are valuable single-molecule sensing tools that have been widely applied to the detection of DNA, RNA, proteins, viruses, glycans, etc. The prominent sensing platform is helping to improve our health-related quality of life and accelerate the rapid realization of precision medicine. Solid-state nanopores have made rapid progress in the past decades due to their flexible size, structure and compatibility with semiconductor fabrication processes. With the development of semiconductor fabrication techniques, materials science and surface chemistry, nanopore preparation and modification technologies have made great breakthroughs. To date, various solid-state nanopore materials, processing technologies, and modification methods are available to us. In the review, we outline the recent advances in nanopores fabrication and analyze the virtues and limitations of various membrane materials and nanopores drilling techniques.
Nanoscale-engineered LiCoO2 as a high energy cathode for wide temperature lithium-ion battery applications–role of coating chemistry and thickness
Authors: Jayasree Silpasree S , Nair Shantikumar , Santhanagopalan Dhamodaran
Published: March 2022

Extending the charge cutoff voltage of LiCoO2 (LCO) beyond 4.2 V is considered as a key parameter to obtain higher energy densities. Following gaps have been identified based on a thorough literature survey especially for higher cutoff voltage of nanoscale engineered LCO cathodes, (i) different metal oxides and metal fluoride surface coatings have been mostly done independently by different groups, (ii) room temperature performance was the focus with limited investigations at high temperature, (iii) nonexistence of low temperature cycling studies and (iv) no reports on high rate capability of LCO beyond 4.5 V (especially at 4.8 V) needs to be investigated. Herein, we report the effect of nanoscale engineering of LCO along with the role of coating chemistry and thickness to study its electrochemical performance at higher voltages and at wide operating temperatures. Surface coating was implemented with different metal oxides and a metal fluoride with tunable thickness. At 4.5 V, 5 wt% Al2O3 coated LiCoO2 (LCO@Al2O3-5) delivered a reversible capacity of 169 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 151 mAh g−1 at high rate of 10 C (2 A g−1) and 72% retention at the end of 500 cycles. At 55 °C, it exhibited better stability over 500 cycles at 5 C and even at −12.5 °C it maintained 72% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 200 mA g−1. At 4.8 V cut-off, LCO@Al2O3-5 rendered reversible capacity of 213 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a high value compared to literatures reported for LCO. Also noted that it delivered a capacity of 126 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, whereas bare could only exhibit 66 mAh g−1 under same testing conditions. Enhanced performance of LCO@Al2O3-5 can be ascribed to the lower charge transfer resistance derived from the stable solid solution formation on the interface. Ex situ XRD and ex situ Raman analysis at different stages of charge/discharge cycles correlates the enhanced performance of LCO@Al2O3-5 with its structural stability and minimal structural degradation.
Highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties of 2D NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) revealed by first-principle
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shahrokhi Masoud , Javvaji Brahmanandam , Shapeev Alexander V , Zhuang Xiaoying
Published: March 2022

In the latest experimental success, NbOI2 two-dimensional (2D) crystals with anisotropic electronic and optical properties have been fabricated (Adv. Mater. 33 (2021), 2101505). In this work inspired by the aforementioned accomplishment, we conduct first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets. We show that individual layers in these systems are weakly bonded, with exfoliation energies of 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24 J m−2, for the isolation of the NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 monolayers, respectively, distinctly lower than those of the graphene. The optoelectronic properties of the single-layer, bilayer, and bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are investigated via density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 approach. Our results indicate that the layered bulk NbOCl2, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 crystals are indirect gap semiconductors, with band gaps of 1.79, 1.69, and 1.60 eV, respectively. We found a slight increase in the electronic gap for the monolayer and bilayer systems due to electron confinement at the nanoscale. Our results show that the monolayer and bilayer of these novel 2D compounds show suitable valence and conduction band edge positions for visible-light-driven water splitting reactions. The first absorption peaks of these novel monolayers along the in-plane polarization are located in the visible range of light which can be a promising feature to design advanced nanoelectronics. We found that the studied 2D systems exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical and optical properties. The presented first-principles results provide a comprehensive vision about direction-dependent mechanical and optical properties of NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets.
Adaptive dual-energy algorithm based on pre-calibrated weighting factors for chest radiography
Authors: Romadanov Ivan , Abeywardhana Ruwan , Sattarivand Mike
Published: March 2022

Objective. To develop a dual-energy (DE) algorithm with spatially varying weighting factors for material selection and noise suppression. Approach. Calibration step-phantoms, with overlapping slabs of solid water and bone with different thicknesses, were used to obtain the pre-calibrated material selection and noise reduction weighting factors. The Material selection weighting factors were calculated by finding a zero of contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) between regions with two overlapping materials and regions of only target material, while noise suppression weighting factors were determined by maximizing signal-to-noise ratio for overlapping regions. The pre-calibrated weighting factors were fitted with low and high energy radiograph of two Rando phantoms to create maps of material selection and noise suppression weighting factors, which used with DE algorithm and anti-correlated noise reduction (ACNR) algorithm to generate DE images. Three different implementations, including two different sizes of Rando phantoms and two different orientations (oblique and anterior-posterior), were investigated. Soft-tissue and bone only images of Rando phantoms were obtained with five combinations of DE algorithms and CNR, contrast, and noise values of selected regions of interest were compared to evaluate the performance of the novel method: simple log subtraction (SLS), SLS with uniform ACNR, adaptive DE (aDE), aDE with uniform ACNR, and aDE and adaptive ACNR (aACNR). Main results. Compared to SLS, the aDE algorithm demonstrated improved image quality in all three orientations. CNR increased with better contrast for both soft-tissue and bone images. Implementation of aACNR algorithm resulted in further reduction of image noise and improvements in CNR at the cost of contrast. However, aACNR algorithm showed better contrast compared to ACNR method. Significance. A novel DE algorithm was proposed, which showed improved material selection and noise suppression as compared to the conventional DE techniques and can be easily implemented in a clinical environment for real-time DE image generation.
The Co-precipitated preparation, characterization, and optical investigations of Cu-doped CdO nanomaterials
Authors: Shalaby M S , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M , Yousif N M , Agammy E F El , Elmosalami T A , Hasaneen M F
Published: March 2022

The doped-CdO nanostructures with transition metals attract considerable interest due to their chemical and physical properties. That differs from those bulk materials, especially the variation of their optical bandgap, which makes them used in various applications. This communication focuses on the synthesis and characteristic properties of un-doped/doped Cd1-x
Cu
x
O nanocomposites produced by the co-precipitated technique. XRD patterns indicate the polycrystalline nature of the investigated samples whereas Cu atoms have been effectively diffused into the Cd sites. It is found that at lower concentrations of Cu (111) diffraction planes were mainly the preferential ones while at higher concentrations, the plane (200) appeared as a preferential one. The average particle size increases with the addition of Cu dopant. From TEM it is found that the average particle size ranges from ∼18 to 89 nm. SEM photographs show a formation of distinguished agglomerates. Also, EDX shows that the common elements (Cd, Cu, and O) were obtained without any impurities. The thermal stability increases with increasing Cu concentrations. The optical band gap (E
g) decreases and Urbach energy (E
u) increases, respectively, with increasing the content of Cu. As a result, the CdO doped Cu can be used to develop novel photovoltaic and light-emitting instruments.
Genetic discrimination and protection of personal genetic data: Adapting legal standards to advances in genetics
Authors: Lyutov N L
Published: March 2022

Genetics has advanced to the point where genetic data on an individual could mark them as predisposed to hereditary illness or unsuitable for certain kinds of jobs. There is widespread apprehension that workers with ‘problematic’ genetics will be singled out by employers and insurance companies for treatment as second-class citizens with restrictions placed on their rights. The article takes up the legal issues involved in defining the concept of genetic data, in regulating genetic information as a type of personal information, and in applying genetic antidiscrimination laws in various countries. Legal restraints on genetic information must be more extensive than on other personal information about a worker because genetic data has implications for their biological relatives. Protection against genetic discrimination must therefore begin with barring employers from collecting genetic information on workers unless it is necessary to prevent hazards to people’s lives or health.
Transformation of education through Big Data: digital twins case study
Authors: Andreasyan A , Balyakin A
Published: March 2022

Being one of the most decisive social phenomena, education is forced to be transformed by digitalization. As information society emerges, new challenges arise in implementing such technologies as Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. The authors have reviewed the existing practice of introducing new technologies in education. Identifying possible ways to effectively integrate Big Data into education is the aim of authors’ research. The paper investigates the issues of introducing new academic disciplines and technologies, as well as the results of overall education system transformation on the case study of Digital Twins technology as integral part of Big Data technology implementation in Big Science.
Issues of Labor Regulation for Researchers Involved in the Implementation of Large Scientific Projects
Authors: Chernykh N V
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the issues related to the legal status of researchers involved in the implementation of “megascience” class projects. Scientific organizations and universities lack certain independence when determining the qualifications requirements for the hiring of scientific workers. There are some terminological problems, difficulties in undergoing preliminary medical examination procedures in the recruitment process, difficulties with obtaining certificates of the presence (absence) of a criminal record and (or) the fact of criminal prosecution or on termination of criminal prosecution on exonerating grounds. Based on an analysis of the existing problems, the author concludes that it is necessary to make comprehensive changes to the current legislation aimed at improving the legal regulation of engaging researchers in the implementation of large “megascience” class projects, taking into account the peculiarities of their work.
Megascience Projects at the Brookhaven National Laboratory
Authors: Nigmatkulov G
Published: March 2022

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a multipurpose research center that primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. BNL operates cutting-edge large-scale facilities for studies in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, applied science, and a wide range of advanced technologies. Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is a megascience facility at BNL that allows to conduct research in nuclear and particle physics. In these proceedings, we will review the current status and future prospects of the megascience complex RHIC.
Organizational and Legal Models of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Establishment and Operation of a Global Research Infrastructure in the Nuclear Field
Authors: Kozheurov Ya , Teymurov E
Published: March 2022

The study is caused by the need to identify advantages and disadvantages of different legal forms and models of international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC), the possibilities of their application to megascience projects on the territory of Russia. The ISTC organizational and legal model with the use of existing framework international intergovernmental organizations or legal entities under national law and with the establishment of new special subjects can be schematically represented in the form of a four-level system. The first level includes the existing legal framework used to regulate the activities of an international intergovernmental organization or the national legislation of the State where the legal entity is established. The second level is represented by the internal law of an international intergovernmental organization or a local regulatory act issued by an “umbrella” structure. The third level consists of various memoranda of understanding. The fourth level is optional and it usually includes various bilateral agreements of the organization. The advantage of using the “umbrella” type organizational legal models is preconditioned by the readiness of the majority of their instruments and mechanisms that have already proven themselves in practice – they only need to be adapted to the specifics of a particular project – and the possibility to use them to implement a significant number of projects. The establishment of a special legal entity of a project type (international or national) is necessary to ensure a precise partners’ equity participation in the implementation of the project, their financial obligations and the governance structure that depends on them. Depending on the “legal environment,” the advantages of the international intergovernmental organization model include certain benefits, immunities and privileges, exemption from the jurisdiction of the host State on a number of issues, etc. A significant advantage is that it is much more difficult to subject international intergovernmental organizations to politically motivated unilateral restrictive measures (“sanctions”). The use of the legal entity established under national law can provide greater efficiency, flexibility and low administrative costs of the process. Moreover, exceptions from national law can also be envisaged for them.
Aircraft Engine Audio Signal Analysis in Assisting Maintenance Inspections
Authors: Sakai Yukino
Published: March 2022

As the core component of modern commercial aircraft, turbofan engines have long been the center of focus in aircraft maintenance. Being subject to high temperatures and immense pressures causes problems for the engine components, such as the fan blades, as they are frequently burdened with the potential of overhaul and malfunction. Over many years, the industry has seen various methods of engine inspection and maintenance, ranging from manual inspection to computing large quantities of pre-existing data. Within, audio signal analysis has stood out as a productive, non-invasive method, with many alternate studies analyzing sound signals from components such as the combustion chamber. However, many of these methods, despite demonstrating good accuracy, are incredibly complex and require sophisticated apparatus. Therefore, this study begins by investigating the sound generation process of turbofan engines, especially how the features and form of the fan blade characterize its audio signals. This investigation proposes a solution that utilizes a fast Multi-Class Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm based on fan-blade-related audio signals from a perspective similar to the classification of music and images through supervised machine learning. Experimental results show that this fast Multi-Class SVM is more effective than traditional machine learning methods in its accuracy, F1-score, and other indicators.
Design of A Novel 1553B Data Communication Board Based on DSP and Integrated 1553B Terminal
Authors: Yang Jinpeng , Liang Dong , Wang Shuaibing , Yang Tao
Published: March 2022

In order to make the communication cables in airborne equipment not as complicated, large and heavy as before, the MIL-STD-1553B standard was released in the 1970s, thus reducing aircraft weight. Application of 1553B bus is becoming wider and wider. In recent years, UAV is a new force in modern battlefields and local conflicts. At the same time, the 1553B bus is prevalent in the domain of UAV for communication between different devices. A novel 1553B data communication board based on DSP and integrated 1553B terminal is designed in this paper. The principle of 1553B bus is introduced at first. And then it presents the hardware design as well as the software design. In the end, the conclusion part summarizes its applications. Undoubtedly, the 1553B board designed in this paper is convenient to be integrated to the whole system, providing a real-time, reliable and flexible communication solution for UAV.
Outage Probability Analysis for Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Mobile Relay Assisted Device-to-Device Communication in Rayleigh Fading Channel
Authors: Wang Weipeng , Zhao Jihong , Qu Hua
Published: March 2022

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular network is potential to enhance the spectral efficiency, reduce the energy consumption and improve individual quality-of-service (QoS) experience. But intra-cell orthogonality is impaired due to spectral reusing and severe co-channel interference could be imposed between cellular and D2D links. Besides, the direct links between local communicating pairs may be unfavorable and suffer an unsatisfied QoS experience since the randomness of channel condition. So, we are focused on analyzing the outage probability of D2D links assisted by two-way relays on Rayleigh fading channel. Specifically, we consider an amplify-and-forward relay protocol at relay due to their limited processing ability, and devise power control at both D2D transmitter and relay to maintain the QoS requirement of prioritized cellular links. The simulation results verify the correctness of the outage probability analyses for D2D links, and indicate the performance gain when relays are introduced to facilitate D2D links.
Research on Super-resolution Location Technology of Leakage Source Based on Ultrasonic Array Sensor
Authors: Bian Xu , Tian Biwan , Jin Shijiu
Published: March 2022

Leakage in the pressure structure is a problem that must be paid attention to, especially in some special applications, such as spacecraft, which will have a serious impact on the entire system. This paper presents a new method of leak source location based on a single sensor array. The elastic wave excited by the leakage is collected by an array sensor placed on the wall, and then the frequency-space characteristics of these signals are analyzed to obtain the spatial point that meets these characteristics, that is, the spatial location of the leakage source. At the same time, combining the super-resolution technology and the randomness of the signal, integrating the distribution maps of the positioning results in different time periods, and finally obtaining a high-precision estimation of the location of the leakage source. The experimental results show that, under the conditions considered in this paper, the average value of the absolute positioning error on a square meter board is about 2 cm.