bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hak-Hak Buruh Pabrik Dalam Syariat Islam
Authors: Syahira Nazwa , Azizah Zhulfi Laily
Published: July 2023

This research is entitled "Analysis of Factory Workers' Rights in Islamic Law". This study aims to find out what rights and obligations must be accepted by workers in Islamic law and whether workers' rights to factory companies are fulfilled according to Islamic law. This study uses a qualitative analysis method by understanding and formalizing the data systematically. The result of this research is how workers cover the basic rights of workers. This includes the right to fair and decent wages, reasonable working hours, safe and healthy working conditions, and the right to organize and strike as a form of protest. This abstract underscores the importance of understanding and analyzing labor matters in the context of labor law and economics. In this era of globalization and rapid technological change, it is important to keep updating and reviewing labor materials to suit the demands and changes in the world of work. Thus, further research in this area will make a significant contribution to strengthening the protection and well-being of workers in the future.
Pengaruh Pendapatan terhadap Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Petani di Desa Galang Manggarai Barat
Authors: Any Sulfaidah , Vitra Frumensia Avila , Sapinah Sapinah
Published: July 2023

Manusia sebagai makhluk individu dan sosial mempunyai kebutuhan yang tidak terbatas, baik dalam jumlah maupun jenisnya. Untuk memperoleh berbagai kebutuhan tersebut seseorang memerlukan pendapatan untuk untuk konsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendapatan terhadap konsumsi petani di Desa Galang Kecamatan Welak Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menekankan analisisnya pada data-data numerical (angka-angka). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua petani di Desa Galang, Kecamatan Welak, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria sampel adalah petani pemilik sawah. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai probability lebih besar dari alpha yaitu 0, 312 > 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendepatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga petani Desa Galang Kecamatan Welak Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Meskipun demikian, berdasarkan persamaaan regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap peningkatan pendapatan akan mengakibatkan peningkatan jumlah konsumsi meskipun tidak signifikan.
Efektivitas Penyaluran dana Wakaf dalam Upaya Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nurani Zuhda Elfairuza , Vahlevi Dewi Riza Lisvi
Published: July 2023

Jurnal yang berjudul “Efektivitas Penyaluran Dana Wakaf Tunai Melalui Program Kita Berdaya dalam upaya Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Analisis di KSPPS BMT Permata Jawa Timur, Mojokerto)” bertitik tolak dari kerangka berpikir bahwa Efektivitas wakaf tunai di lembaga yang mengelola wakaf menjadi patokan penting dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui mekanisme dan analisis efektivitas penyaluran dana wakaf tunai dalam pengembangan usaha mikro sebelum dan selama covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif komparatif dengan membandingkan antara dua variabel. Menggunakan tolak ukur efektivitas menurut teori campbel. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa melalui mekanisme penyaluran dana wakaf tunai yaitu sumber dana wakaf tunai, identifikasi calon anggota dan tahap – tahap penyaluran dana, mengacu pada tolak ukur efektivitas dan pemahaman risiko sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas penyaluran wakaf tunai program kita berdaya sebelum pandemi bisa dikatakan sangat efektif dan selama pandemi covid-19 dikatakan kurang efektif akan tetapi KSPPS BMT Permata memiliki strategi untuk bisa bertahan menghadapi risiko ditengah pandemi
Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility PT. Angkasa Pura I Makassar Berbasis Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Setiyawati Dewi , Semaun Syahriyah , Muhammadun Muzdalifah
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility of PT. Angkasa Pura I Makassar based on Community Economic Empowerment. This type of research uses qualitative methods. The results of this study will be described in a descriptive narrative form. The approach in this study is to use a phenomenological approach. The primary data from this study is data from interviews with informants in the study. Likewise other data related to research subjects, both the results of observations and the results of documentation. The results of this study were compiled using systematic data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of the research shows that the implementation of CSR at PT. Angkasa Pura I Makassar departs from the planning stage, namely the stage of analyzing the needs of the surrounding community and finding relevant programs. Next is the implementation stage, namely the CSR implementation stage which is based on the initial plan. The last is the evaluation and reporting stage, in this stage it is evaluated and reported regarding the factual conditions in the field for future improvements. Corporate Social Responsibility System PT. Angkasa Pura I Makassar is based on the needs of the community around the company's environment with an easy submission system and can be reached by all groups of people.
Kemunduran Pendidikan Islam Abad Pertengahan: Daulah Abbasiyah Dan Daulah Umayyah
Authors: Darusti Fahmi , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin , Usman Usman
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk membahas (1) Sosial politik Islam pada abad pertengahan, tepatnya pada masa pemerintahan Dinasti Abbasiyah di Bagdad dan Dinasti Umayyah II di Spanyol, (2) Faktor-faktor kemunduran Islam pada abad pertengahan, dan (3) Profil pendidikan Islam pada abad pertengahan. Jenis penelitian yang diguanakan adalah penelitian kualitatif, berbasis tinjauan pustaka dengan teknik pengumpulan data baca-catat.  Teknik analisis data pada artikel ini menggunakan analisis data model interaktif ini memiliki tiga komponen, yaitu: (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Dalam artikel ini ditemukan berupa; (1) sosial politik islam pada abad pertengahan terjadi pada akhir pemerintahan Abbasiyah dan Umayyah II yang mana pada saat itu politik terus bergejolak, (2) faktor kemunduran islam pada abad pertengahan adalah konflik internal dari kaum muslimin dan konflik eksternal yang disebakan invasi dari negara lain, (3) perdebatan aliran pemikiran filsafat dan tasauf yang memiliki salah satu kecenderungan. Sehingga menyebabkan tidak adanya keseimbangan dalam beragama.

Keywords: Kemunduran, Abad Petengahan, Abbasiyah, Umayyah II.
TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA SBI, TINGKAT INFLASI DAN INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG) DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Lestari Ellys
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the SBI interest rate and the inflation rate on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) partially and simultaneously on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results showed that there was a simultaneous effect of the two dependent variables on the independent variable, namely the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI). Partially, the SBI interest rate has no significant effect on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) and the inflation rate has no significant effect on the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI).
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PERKALIAN DALAM BENTUK PENJUMLAHAN BERULANG MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI
Authors: Rahmawati Endah , Wulan Maya Andria
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the increase in understanding and student learning outcomes of the basic concept of multiplication in the form of repeated addition by applying the demonstration method through learning videos using picture cards, number cards and video power point slide shows in the form of animation for grade 2B students. This research design uses a demonstration method. In first cycle, it was implemented by applying the learning video demonstration method, picture cards and number cards. In the second, it was implemented by applying the demonstration method using picture cards and number cards in the learning video PowerPoint slide show in the form of animation. The results of the Classroom Action Research (CAR) show that students' understanding and learning outcomes of mathematics material about multiplication by applying the teaching video demonstration method, picture cards, number cards and applying the demonstration method using picture cards and number cards in the learning video PowerPoint slide show in the form of animation. There was an increase in the first classical completeness of students was 60% with an average value of 72.4 and classical completeness in Cycle II was 96% with an average value of 93.2. The use of the demonstration method by using a power point slide show learning video in the form of animation can improve student understanding and learning outcomes in mathematics learning basic multiplication material in repeated addition.

 

Keywords: Demonstration Method, Card Media, Multiplication
DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KINERJA GURU SMK MA’ARIF DI SURABAYA
Authors: " Waluyo , ' Hafidulloh , Maqsudi Achmad , Kurniawati Rohmah
Published: July 2023

This research is expected to provide theoretical benefits of enriching the repertoire of scientific development, through the study of transformational leadership, providing incentives, professional development and work discipline in order to improve teacher performance, the practical benefits expected from the results of this research are as input for the Principal of SMK Ma 'arif at the Ma'arif NU Educational Institution Foundation in Surabaya. This research method is quantitative with the population in this study is all people who become teachers of SMK Ma'arif in Surabaya as many as 163 teachers. significant effect on work discipline Ma'arif Vocational High School in Surabaya, incentives have a positive and significant effect on work discipline Ma'arif Vocational School in Surabaya, Teacher professional development has a positive and significant impact on work discipline Ma'arif Vocational School in Surabaya, Principal transformational leadership has an effect positive and significant impact on teacher performance at Ma'arif Vocational High School in Surabaya, Provision of incentives has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance at Ma'arif Vocational High School in Surabaya, Professional development of teachers has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance at Ma'arif Vocational School in Surabaya, Work discipline has a positive effect and significant to the performance of teachers of SMK Ma'arif in Surabaya.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Providing Incentives, Professional Development, Work Discipline, Teacher Performance at SMK Ma'arif
ANALISA KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PRODUKSI
Authors: Sholihin Achmad , ' Sulasri , Sabella , Rina Indra , ' Hafidulloh
Published: July 2023

Companies that are ready to compete must have effective management because with management company goals will be easier to achieve. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence leadership style, organizational culture and work motivation have on employee performance in the production division. This research was conducted in a Korean company in Surabaya with a total of 68 respondents. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The results of the study simultaneously and partially leadership style, organizational culture and work motivation have a significant effect on employee performance. Leadership style has a dominant influence on employee performance, while work motivation is the smallest coefficient value in this study, however employee motivation is still needed to improve employee performance.

Keywords: Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Work Motivation and Performance
Analisis Laporan Keuangan Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT. DSFI yang Go Public di Pasar Modal Indonesia
Authors: Yuliaty Erma , Astawinetu Erwin Dyah
Published: July 2023

Penelitian terhadap kinerja keuangan PT. DSFI yang dilakukan sebelum pandemic covid-19 pada tahun 2018-2019 dibandingkan dengan keadaan ketika terjadi pandemic covid-19 tahun 2020-2022, secara umum menunjukkan keadaan yang lebih baik. Hal itu terlihat pada keadaan likuiditas perusahaan yang diukur dengan Cash Ratio, Quick Ratio, dan Current Ratio. Kondisi solvabilitas yang diukur dengan Debt to Asset dan Debt to Equity juga menunjukkan keadaan yang lebih baik ketika pandemic terjadi. Hanya rasio aktivitas saja yang diukur dengan Perputaran Total Aktiva, Perputaran Total Persediaan dan Perputaran Piutang yang menunjukkan penurunan, hal ini dikarenakan terjadinya penurunan penjualan sejak tahun 2018-2020. Sedangkan kemampuan profitabilitas yang diukur dengan Return on Asset dan Return on Equity menunjukkan kecenderungan yang meningkat ketika pandemic terjadi. Walaupun kinerja ketika pandemic meningkat namun hal itu belum sesuai dengan standar industri. Secara umum kondisi kinerja PT. DSFI lebih baik setelah terjadi pandemic Covid-19 daripada sebelum pademic Covid-19.

 

Key word: Kinerja,Likuiditas,Solvabilitas,Aktivitas,Profitabilitas
PENGARUH MOTIVASI,DISIPLIN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT NIKI MAPAN SURABAYA
Authors: Kurniawati Ony , Pranatha Metha
Published: July 2023

Suatu perusahaan berjalan dengan baik jika perusahaan memiliki sumber daya manusia yang berpengetahuan, berketrampilan, serta memiliki keinginan untuk mengelola perusahaan seoptimal mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh motivasi, disiplin, dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Niki Mapan Surabaya. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 50 karyawan PT. Niki Mapan Surabaya yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan rumus slovin. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi, disiplin, dan lingkungan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Niki Mapan Surabaya yang dibuktikan dengan hasil uji t, yaitu nilai signifikansi variabel motivasi kerja (X1) 0,028 < 0,05,. Pada variabel disiplin kerja (X2) nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,009 < 0,05,. Pada variabel lingkungan kerja (X3) nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel bebas motivasi, disiplin, dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan.

Hasil pengujian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa motivasi, disiplin dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja PT. Niki Mapan Surabaya yang dibuktikan dengan hasil uji F yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Sedangkan hasil pengujian secara koefisien Determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa motivasi, disiplin dan lingkungan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 77,2% sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 22,8% (100% - 77,2%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian.

Kata Kunci : Motivasi, disiplin, lingkungan kerja, dan  kinerja karyawan
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI
Authors: Eko cahyono Krido
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to find out, examine, and analyze the effect of the commissionaires’boardsize,independent commissionaires’board, audit committee, and institution ownership structure on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange(IDX).The population was Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 up to 2021, consisting of 11 companies. Furthermore,the data collection technique used non-probability sampling, in which all the members of the population were the sample. Moreover, the data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 25. The research result showed that the independent commissionaires’ board,audit committee, and institution ownership structure had a positive and significant effect on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017 - 2021. On the other hand,commissionaires ’board size had a negative and insignificant effect on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2021.

 

Keywords: Commissionaires’ Board Size, Independent Commissionaires’ Board Audit Committee, Institution Ownership Structure, Disclosure of Management Risk
EVALUASI TINGKAT KESUKAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK TAHU MENGGUNAKAN NIGARIN DAN CUKA
Authors: Sihmawati Rini Rahayu , Mahayani Anak Agung Putu Sri
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap  tahu dengan penambahan nigarin  dan   cuka. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kesukaan konsumen terhadap tahu dengan penambahan nigarin dan cuka sebagai bahan penggumpal. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan tahu ini adalah P1 ( nigarin 20 ml), P2 (nigarin 15 ml dan cuka 5 ml), P3 (nigarin 10 ml dan cuka 10 ml), dan P4 (cuka 20 ml).Tingkat kesukaan konsumen diuji dengan uji hedonik dengan skala 1-5 ( skala 1 : sangat tidak suka, skala 2 : tidak suka, skala 3 : cukup, skala 4 : suka, dan skala 5 : sangat suka).Hasil uji tingkat kesukaan konsumen  terhadap warna menunjukkan  suka pada P1 sebanyak 50%. Hasil uji  terhadap aroma menunjukkan suka pada P1 dan P2 sebanyak 55%. Hasil uji terhadap rasa menunjukkan suka pada P1 sebanyak 65%. Hasil uji terhadap tekstur menunjukkan cukup pada P4 sebanyak 50%.

Kata kunci : kedelai, tahu, nigarin, dan cuka
On solving textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness in MRC based question answering using generative pre-trained transformers
Authors: Ahmed Muzamil , Khan Hikmat , Iqbal Tassawar , Khaled Alarfaj Fawaz , Alomair Abdullah , Almusallam Naif
Published: July 2023

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is one of the most challenging tasks and active fields in natural language processing (NLP). MRC systems aim to enable a machine to understand a given context in natural language and to answer a series of questions about it. With the advent of bi-directional deep learning algorithms and large-scale datasets, MRC achieved improved results. However, these models are still suffering from two research issues: textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness to comprehend the long passages and generate answers for abstractive MRC systems. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel Extended Generative Pretrained Transformers-based Question Answering (ExtGPT-QA) model to generate precise and relevant answers to questions about a given context. The proposed architecture comprises two modified forms of encoder and decoder as compared to GPT. The encoder uses a positional encoder to assign a unique representation with each word in the sentence for reference to address the textual ambiguities. Subsequently, the decoder module involves a multi-head attention mechanism along with affine and aggregation layers to mitigate semantic vagueness with MRC systems. Additionally, we applied syntax and semantic feature engineering techniques to enhance the effectiveness of the proposed model. To validate the proposed model’s effectiveness, a comprehensive empirical analysis is carried out using three benchmark datasets including SQuAD, Wiki-QA, and News-QA. The results of the proposed ExtGPT-QA outperformed state of art MRC techniques and obtained 93.25% and 90.52% F1-score and exact match, respectively. The results confirm the effectiveness of the ExtGPT-QA model to address textual ambiguities and semantic vagueness issues in MRC systems.
Effects of hydraulic retention time and influent nitrate concentration on solid-phase denitrification system using wheat husk as carbon source
Authors: Niu Shuhui , Gao Shuwei , Zhang Kai , Li Zhifei , Wang Guangjun , Li Hongyan , Xia Yun , Tian Jingjing , Yu Ermeng , Xie Jun , Zhang Minting , Gong Wangbao
Published: July 2023

Solid-phase denitrification shows promise for removing nitrate (NO3−-N) from water. Biological denitrification uses external carbon sources to remove nitrogen from wastewater, among which agriculture waste is considered the most promising source due to its economic and efficiency advantages. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent nitrate concentration (INC) are the main factors influencing biological denitrification. This study explored the effects of HRT and INC on solid-phase denitrification using wheat husk (WH) as a carbon source. A solid-phase denitrification system with WH carbon source was constructed to explore denitrification performance with differing HRT and INC. The optimal HRT and INC of the wheat husk-denitrification reactor (WH-DR) were 32 h and 50 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, NO3−-N and total nitrogen removal rates were 97.37 ± 2.68% and 94.08 ± 4.01%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the dominant phyla in the WH-DR operation were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Campilobacterota. Among the dominant genera, Diaphorobacter (0.85%), Ideonella (0.38%), Thiobacillus (4.22%), and Sulfurifustis (0.60%) have denitrification functions; Spirochaeta (0.47%) is mainly involved in the degradation of WH; and Acidovorax (0.37%) and Azospira (0.86%) can both denitrify and degrade WH. This study determined the optimal HRT and INC for WH-DR and provides a reference for the development and application of WH as a novel, slow-release carbon source in treating aquaculture wastewater.
Land Use Conflicts and Planning Implications: Insights from Kumbo, Cameroon
Authors: Nyuykighanse Njiysinyuy Elizabeth , Yenlajai Banseka JaneFrances , Fru Cletus Forba , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon
Published: July 2023

As actors compete over land for varied reasons, conflicts linked to the multiplication of incompatible land uses have witnessed an increase. This validates the need for renewed evidence on the trigger mechanisms and manifestations of land use conflicts. To close this knowledge gap, this paper examines land use conflict dynamics and their planning implications in Kumbo – Cameroon. The paper further explores the manifestations of land use conflicts, and examine planning options to stem such conflicts. Data for this study was obtained through a random survey of 394 respondents. This was further complemented by interviews and focus group discussions. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the logit model. This was further buttressed through spatial analysis using Arc GIS 10.8. The logit results reported that informal economic activities tend to increase the likelihood of land use conflicts in Kumbo. Furthermore, the analysis showed an intricate direct relationship between poor planning and implementation of policies, and increasing land use conflicts in Kumbo. In the wake of an expected increase in land use conflicts, this paper suggests pragmatic solutions aimed at relocating and realigning compatible land uses in this community.
Vaccination Mandates—An Old Public Health Tool Faces New Challenges
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Reiss Dorit , Mello Michelle M.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how federal vaccine requirements have helped thwart vaccine-preventable diseases as well as how growing public resistance to vaccines and judicial and legislative limits to vaccination mandates may change that.
Psychosocial Burdens Associated With Family Building Among Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: Levy Morgan S. , Kelly Amelia G. , Mueller Claudia , Brown Alyssa D. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Arora Vineet M. , Salles Arghavan
Published: July 2023

This survey study uses responses from physicians and medical students to assess psychosocial burdens of family building in the physician workforce.
Comparison of Electronic Health Record Messages to Mental Health Care Professionals Before vs After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bernstein Simone A. , Huckenpahler Alison L. , Nicol Ginger E. , Gold Jessica A.
Published: July 2023

This qualitative improvement study examines the change in electronic health record messaging from patients to mental health professionals before vs after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Did we trust in science during the COVID‐19 pandemic? Modeling the relationship between trust, awareness, and conspiracy theories
Authors: Alkış Küçükaydın Menşure , Esen Seher , Gürbüzer Sümeyra
Published: July 2023

Height on the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2021), a considerable atmosphere of uncertainty and insecurity has emerged throughout the world. At the same time, social media and conspiracy theories have gained a lot of popularity. However, due to the impact of science and scientists on the public countering these sources of information, the outcome of the test given by science during the pandemic is still unclear. In this study, the relationship between trust in science and scientists, reliance on social media, belief in conspiracy theories, and pandemic awareness is modeled. A total of 953 adults from Turkey participated in the study and the obtained data were analyzed with the structural equation model. According to the results of the path analysis, reliance on social media influencers and belief in conspiracy theories affect trust in science both directly and indirectly. In addition, there is a positive relationship between pandemic awareness and trust in science.
Manipulation of Spatial Infrared Emission Based on W‐Doped Vanadium Oxide Films toward Thermal Coding
Authors: Lou Laihao , Kang Tongtong , Wang Maoren , Li Wenxin , Bi Lei , Zhang Li , Deng Longjiang , Zhou Peiheng
Published: July 2023

Active thermal radiation control of an object requires adaptive and flexible strategies to cope with emissivity engineering and its temperature dependence. On the other hand, the concept of digital coding allows a high degree of freedom in manipulating the interacting physical quantities based on local discretized features. Learning from this idea, this study put forward the manipulation of spatial infrared emission based on tungsten (W)‐doped VO2 films toward thermal coding. Here, 1‐bit coding worksheets created by low‐emissivity, that is, code ‘0′, and high‐emissivity, that is, code ‘1′, shift with materials metal‐insulator phase transition to encode emissive information in the temperature domain. It is shown experimentally that this concept has marked implications on thermal radiation control at Mid‐infrared, among which are as follows: digital anti‐counterfeiting by in‐plane spatial coding of a group of VO2 thin films with various W‐doping density and infrared camouflage by out‐of‐plane spatial coding of them. With a W‐doping gradient of 0%, 0.8%, and 1.7%, the three‐phase transition points in the temperature domain, that is, 72, 63, and 45 °C, give a remarkable modulation range of 27 °C. These phenomena pave the way for new classes of emissivity engineering for more accurate, flexible, and adaptive thermal radiation control.
Improved Hole Injection in Hybrid Light‐Emitting Transistors Incorporating Lithium and Copper(II) Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)
Authors: Park Yu Jung , Park Subin , Sim Jiwon , Lee Jin Hee , Park Yejoo , Song Aeran , Chung Kwun‐Bum , Walker Bright , Seo Jung Hwa
Published: July 2023

Light‐emitting transistors (LETs) are optoelectronic devices that perform switching and light‐emitting functions in a single device. Hybrid LETS (HLETs) using inorganic metal oxide semiconductors as the transport layer with organic emissive layers and hole‐injection layers (HILs) combine the excellent switching performance of metal oxides with the flexibility and tunability of organic semiconductors. However, the efficiency of n‐HLETs typically suffers from unbalanced electron and hole injection. To overcome this issue, two hybrid polyelectrolytes—lithium poly(styrene sulfonate) (Li:PSS) and copper(II) poly(styrene sulfonate) (Cu:PSS)—are investigated as HILs in HLETs. HLETs employing Cu:PSS interlayers exhibit significantly enhanced brightness values of up to 4.89 × 103 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.45%, compared to HLETs without HIL (no emission) and pristine poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (2.17 × 102 cd m−2 with an EQE of 0.01%). To understand how the HILs influence the performance, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) quenching studies are performed, which reveal improved energy band structure and reduced quenching using metal:PSS HILs. This work provides useful information about the function that polyelectrolyte HILs perform in HLET devices which may be exploited to develop new materials and applied in other types of optoelectronic devices.
Local Manipulation of the Energy Levels of 2D TMDCs on the Microscale Level via Microprinted Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Grützmacher Sarah , Heyl Max , Nardi Marco Vittorio , Koch Norbert , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Ligorio Giovanni
Published: July 2023

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are atomically‐thick semiconductors with great potential for next‐generation optoelectronic applications, such as transistors and sensors. Their large surface‐to‐volume ratio makes them energy‐efficient but also extremely sensitive to the physical‐chemical surroundings. The latter must be carefully considered when predicting the electronic behavior, such as their energy level alignment, which ultimately affects the charge carrier injection and transport in devices. Here, local doping is demonstrated and thus adjusting the opto‐electronic properties of monolayer TMDCs (WSe2 and MoS2) by chemically engineering the surface of the supporting substrate. This is achieved by decorating the substrate by microcontact printing with patterns of two different self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAMs posses distinct molecular dipoles and dielectric constants, significantly influencing the TMDCs electronic and optical properties. By analyzing (on various substrtates), it is confirmed that these effects arise solely from the interaction between SAMs and TMDCs. Understanding the diverse dielectric environments experienced by TMDCs allows for a correlation between electronic and optical behaviours. The changes primarily involve alteration in the electronic band gap width, which can be calculated using the Schottky‐Mott rule, incorporating the dielectric screening of the TMDCs surroundings. This knowledge enables accurate prediction of the (opto‐)electronic behavior of monolayer TMDCs for advanced device design.
Achieving Efficient Near‐Ultraviolet/Deep‐Blue OLEDs and Sensitized Narrowband Green/Yellow OLEDs Utilizing Emitters with Planarized Intramolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Chen Tao , Lou Jingli , Wu Haozhong , Luo Juanjuan , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Zhang Han , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Zhiming
Published: July 2023

High‐quality near‐ultraviolet/deep‐blue organic emitters are urgently needed but still rare. Here, three V‐shape donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) emitters based on pyrazine cores, namely, VDMP‐PhCz, VDMP‐36PhCz, and VDMP‐TPA, are designed and synthesized. Their doped devices using a high‐polar host show remarkable electroluminescence (EL) performances with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) values up to 7.37%, 7.55%, and 9.03%, and corresponding CIE coordinates of (0.160,0.040), (0.161,0.039), and (0.149,0.072), respectively. Supported by theoretical calculations and experimental results, the high EL performances of these emitters are achieved by their planarized intramolecular charge transfer (PLICT) features, high triplet‐excitons utilization from “hot exciton” channels, and high horizontal dipole orientations. Furthermore, these PLICT‐based emitters can also function as efficient hosts for green or yellow multi‐resonance (MR) narrowband emissive guests, providing high EQEs of over 32% with alleviated efficiency roll‐offs.
CD38‐Specific CAR Integrated into CD38 Locus Driven by Different Promoters Causes Distinct Antitumor Activities of T and NK Cells
Authors: Liao Chan , Wang Yajie , Huang Yanjie , Duan Yanting , Liang Yan , Chen Jiangqing , Jiang Jie , Shang Kai , Zhou Chun , Gu Ying , Liu Nan , Zeng Xun , Gao Xiaofei , Tang Yongmin , Sun Jie
Published: July 2023

The robust and stable expression of CD38 in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) blasts makes CD38 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T/natural killer (NK) a potential therapy for T‐ALL. However, CD38 expression in normal T/NK cells causes fratricide of CD38 CAR‐T/NK cells. Here a “2‐in‐1” gene editing strategy is developed to generate fratricide‐resistant locus‐specific CAR‐T/NK cells. CD38‐specific CAR is integrated into the disrupted CD38 locus by CRISPR/Cas9, and CAR is placed under the control of either endogenous CD38 promoter (CD38KO/KI) or exogenous EF1α promoter (CD38KO/KIEF1α). CD38 knockout reduces fratricide and allows the expansion of CAR‐T cells. Meanwhile, CD38KO/KIEF1α results in higher CAR expression than CD38KO/KI in both CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells. In a mouse T‐ALL model, CD38KO/KIEF1α CAR‐T cells eradicate tumors better than CD38KO/KI CAR‐T cells. Surprisingly, CD38KO/KI CAR‐NK cells show superior tumor control than CD38KO/KIEF1α CAR‐NK cells. Further investigation reveals that endogenous regulatory elements in NK cells lead to higher expression of CD38 CAR than in T cells, and the expression levels of CAR affect the therapeutic outcome of CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells differently. Therefore, these results support the efficacy of CD38 CAR‐T/NK against T‐ALL and demonstrate that the “2‐in‐1” strategy can resolve fratricide and enhance tumor eradication, paving the way for clinical translation.
A Platform for Assessing Cellular Contractile Function Based on Magnetic Manipulation of Magnetoresponsive Hydrogel Films
Authors: Yadid Moran , Hagel Mario , Labro Megan Beldjilali , Le Roi Baptiste , Flaxer Carina , Flaxer Eli , Barnea A. Ronny , Tejman‐Yarden Shai , Silberman Eric , Li Xin , Rauti Rossana , Leichtmann‐Bardoogo Yael , Yuan Hongyan , Maoz Ben M.
Published: July 2023

Despite significant advancements in in vitro cardiac modeling approaches, researchers still lack the capacity to obtain in vitro measurements of a key indicator of cardiac function: contractility, or stroke volume under specific loading conditions—defined as the pressures to which the heart is subjected prior to and during contraction. This work puts forward a platform that creates this capability, by providing a means of dynamically controlling loading conditions in vitro. This dynamic tissue loading platform consists of a thin magnetoresponsive hydrogel cantilever on which 2D engineered myocardial tissue is cultured. Exposing the cantilever to an external magnetic field—generated by positioning magnets at a controlled distance from the cantilever—causes the hydrogel film to stretch, creating tissue load. Next, cell contraction is induced through electrical stimulation, and the force of the contraction is recorded, by measuring the cantilever's deflection. Force–length‐based measurements of contractility are then derived, comparable to clinical measurements. In an illustrative application, the platform is used to measure contractility both in untreated myocardial tissue and in tissue exposed to an inotropic agent. Clear differences are observed between conditions, suggesting that the proposed platform has significant potential to provide clinically relevant measurements of contractility.
Bioorthogonal CRISPR/Cas9‐Drug Conjugate: A Combinatorial Nanomedicine Platform
Authors: Beha Marcel Janis , Kim Joo‐Chan , Im San Hae , Kim Yunsu , Yang Seungju , Lee Juhee , Nam Yu Ri , Lee Haeshin , Park Hee‐Sung , Chung Hyun Jung
Published: July 2023

Bioconjugation of proteins can substantially expand the opportunities in biopharmaceutical development, however, applications are limited for the gene editing machinery despite its tremendous therapeutic potential. Here, a self‐delivered nanomedicine platform based on bioorthogonal CRISPR/Cas9 conjugates, which can be armed with a chemotherapeutic drug for combinatorial therapy is introduced. It is demonstrated that multi‐functionalized Cas9 with a drug and polymer can form self‐condensed nanocomplexes, and induce significant gene editing upon delivery while avoiding the use of a conventional carrier formulation. It is shown that the nanomedicine platform can be applied for combinatorial therapy by incorporating the anti‐cancer drug olaparib and targeting the RAD52 gene, leading to significant anti‐tumor effects in BRCA‐mutant cancer. The current development provides a versatile nanomedicine platform for combination treatment of human diseases such as cancer.
Novel Fabrication of Basalt Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Aspect Ratios Toward Enhanced Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Aramid Nanofiber‐Based Composite Nanopapers
Authors: Ji Dexian , Song Shunxi , Lyu Yuming , Ren Wei , Li Linghao , Yang Bin , Zhang Meiyun
Published: July 2023

The rapid development of modern electrical equipment has led to urgent demands for electrical insulating materials with mechanical reliability and excellent dielectric properties. Herein, basalt nanosheets (BSNs) with high aspect ratios (≈780.1) are first exfoliated from basalt scales (BS) through a reliable chemical/mechanical approach. Meanwhile, inspired by the layered architecture of natural nacre, nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers are reported containing a 3D aramid nanofibers (ANF) framework as a matrix and BSNs as ideal building blocks through vacuum‐assisted filtration. The as‐prepared ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers exhibit considerably enhanced mechanical properties with ultralow BSNs content. These superiorities are wonderfully integrated with exceptional dielectric breakdown strength, prominent volume resistivity, and extremely low dielectric constant and loss, which are far superior to conventional nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers with a mere 1.0 wt% BSNs reach 269.40 MPa and 77.91 kV mm−1, respectively, representing an 87% and 133% increase compared to those of the control ANF nanopaper. Their properties are superior to those of previously reported nacre‐mimetic composite nanopapers and commercial insulating micropapers, indicating that ANF‐BSNs composite nanopapers are a highly promising electrical insulating material for miniaturized high‐power electrical equipment.
A new look at agricultural fires and health: A replication of Rangel and Vogl (2019)
Authors: Gammans Matthew , Ortiz‐Bobea Ariel
Published: July 2023

Globally, over 400 million tons of biomass are burned in agricultural fires for management purposes each year, substantially affecting air quality (Korontzi et al., Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2006; 20; Yevich & Logan, Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2003; 17). Rangel and Vogl (Review of Economics and Statistics 2019; 101:616–630) provide evidence that agricultural fires in Brazil cause large declines in newborn health in downwind communities. We replicate this analysis and evaluate the sensitivity of their results to changes in the dataset and alternative modeling choices. Although accounting for the potential of spatial correlation in errors reduces precision of estimated effects, we find that their primary conclusions are robust to alternative specifications and reasonable placebo tests. We discuss how our findings may guide future research on the relationship between agricultural fires and health.
Associations between milk cortisol and activity of the immune system of milk
Authors: Anyim Rachael , Li Shanita , Armstrong Daniel , Spathis Rita , Wander Katherine
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Both the immune system of human milk and milk cortisol have complex short‐ and long‐term effects on child health and development. As understanding continues to grow of the independent effects of each of these components of milk, it is also important to investigate their intersection, including how milk cortisol affects the immune system of milk. We began this important endeavor through secondary analyses of archived milk specimens.

Methods

Participants were 31 lactating mothers from upstate New York. We estimated milk cortisol concentrations via enzyme immunoassay. We assessed milk proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin‐6, IL‐6) responses to pathogenic (Salmonella) and commensal (Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) bacteria via in vitro stimulation. We estimated ordered logistic regression models to assess associations between milk cortisol and IL‐6 responses to bacteria.

Results

Milk cortisol ranged from 0.098 to 1.007 μg/dL. Milk cortisol was positively associated with IL‐6 responses to S. enterica (B: 4.035; 95% CI: 0.674, 7.395) and B. breve (B: 3.675; 95% CI: 0.426, 6.924); this association persisted after controlling for child age. Results were less clear for associations between milk cortisol and IL‐6 responses to L. acidophilus (B: 2.318; 95% CI: −1.224, 5.859) and E. coli (B: 2.366; 95% CI: −0.960, 5.692).

Conclusions

Complex interactions between cortisol and the immune system extend to milk. Milk cortisol was positively associated with proinflammatory responses to some bacteria in vitro. This may suggest that milk cortisol is causally upstream of protective immune activity.
Steuerung der reversiblen Faltung von Einzelketten‐Nanopartikeln durch sichtbares Licht
Authors: Maag Patrick H. , Feist Florian , Truong Vinh X. , Frisch Hendrik , Roesky Peter W. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: July 2023

In der vorliegenden Arbeit stellen wir Einzelketten‐Nanopartikel (ENPs) vor, die sich mit sichtbarem Licht (λmax=415 nm) aus ihrem gefalteten Zustand vollständig zu dem entsprechenden linearen Ausgangspolymer entfalten lassen. Die ursprüngliche Faltung wird durch eine einfache Veresterungsreaktion des Polymerrückrats, bestehend aus Acrylsäure und Polyethylenglykol‐dekorierten Acrylateinheiten, erreicht. Die so eingeführten Bimaneinheiten ermöglichen eine photochemische Entfaltungsreaktion durch Esterspaltung. Die Faltung und das lichtinduzierte Entfalten läuft weitgehend ohne Nebenreaktionen ab und kann direkt mittels Größenausschlusschromatographie (GPC) sowie diffusionsgeordneter NMR‐Spektroskopie (DOSY) durch die Veränderung des hydrodynamischen Radius (RH) nachverfolgt werden. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Reversibilität sowohl der Faltung als auch der lichtinduzierten Entfaltung, die durch den hohen Umsatz bei der photochemischen Esterspaltung erreicht werden kann. Da die Photolyse in wässrigem Medium abläuft, könnte sich das System für die Untersuchung der Entfaltung von ENPs im biologischen Kontext eignen.
Nano Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) with Anti‐Hook Effect for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ni‐Yuan , Hou Da‐Yong , Hu Xing‐Jie , Liang Jian‐Xiao , Wang Man‐Di , Song Zhang‐Zhi , Yi Li , Wang Zhi‐Jia , An Hong‐Wei , Xu Wanhai , Wang Hao
Published: July 2023

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is an emerging pharmacological modality with innovated post‐translational protein degradation capabilities. However, off‐target induced unintended tissue effects and intrinsic “hook effect” hinder PROTAC biotechnology to be maturely developed. Herein, an intracellular fabricated nano proteolysis targeting chimeras (Nano‐PROTACs) modality with a center‐spoke degradation network for achieving efficient dose‐dependent protein degradation in tumor is reported. The PROTAC precursors are triggered by higher GSH concentrations inside tumor cells, which subsequently in situ self‐assemble into Nano‐PROTACs through intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The fibrous Nano‐PROTACs can form effective polynary complexes and E3 ligases degradation network with multi‐binding sites, achieving dose‐dependent protein degradation with “anti‐hook effect”. The generality and efficacy of Nano‐PROTACs are validated by degrading variable protein of interest (POI) such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and androgen receptor (AR) in a wide‐range dose‐dependent manner with a 95 % degradation rate and long‐lasting potency up to 72 h in vitro. Significantly, Nano‐PROTACs achieve in vivo dose‐dependent protein degradation up to 79 % and tumor growth inhibition in A549 and LNCap xenograft mice models, respectively. Taking advantages of in situ self‐assembly strategy, the Nano‐PROTACs provide a generalizable platform to promote precise clinical translational application of PROTAC.
Evaluating convergent validity between RAISD and MSWO rankings across informants
Authors: Jeglum Sara R. , Melanson Isaac J. , O’Brien Matthew J.
Published: July 2023

The Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (RAISD) and multiple‐stimulus without replacement preference assessment (MSWO) are evidence‐based tools used to determine preferences indirectly through interview and observation of choice making, respectively. Often, the RAISD is used to inform the stimulus array of the MSWO. However, reports frequently vary between informants. This can lead to discrepant identification of putative reinforcers and therefore has the potential for weaker or ineffective reinforcement‐based treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare RAISD and MSWO outcomes across informants (adolescent, caregiver, and teacher) and evaluate the convergent validity between the two measures. The results indicated that across participants, RAISD and MSWO results rarely produced convergent validity. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
The effects of educational robotics in programming education on students' programming success, computational thinking, and transfer of learning
Authors: Yolcu Vehbi , Demirer Veysel
Published: July 2023

The study aims to investigate the effects of educational robotics (ER) in programming education on students' programming success, computational thinking (CT), and transfer of learning and to reveal the students' views about robotics programming. For this purpose, an explanatory sequential mixed‐method research design was used. In this research design, a qualitative data collection process follows a quantitative one to be able to further explain the novel results obtained through analysis of the quantitative data. In the quantitative part, a quasiexperimental study was designed, and one experimental group (EG) and one control group (CG) were formed randomly. The study was conducted with sixth‐grade middle school students for 14 weeks. In the process, students were given project tasks based on some real‐life problems, and they were asked to transfer their programming skills. It was preferred to use mBot as an ER. While the EG students performed programming activities with the mBot, the CG students performed only block‐based programming activities. Both groups were given pre‐ and posttests to collect data. Finally, semistructured interviews were conducted with the EG students to enrich quantitative findings. The results showed that robotics programming activities increased the students' programming success and transfer of learning, and scores of the EG were significantly higher than the CG. In addition, it was determined that both the EG and CG students' CT skills increased, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Finally, most of the students reported positive views on the use of ER in programming education.