bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Student Teacher Feedback: Using a Self-Assessment Resource With Student Teachers
Authors: Snead Lauren Oropeza , Freiberg H. Jerome
Published: October 2017

This study examines 10 preservice teachers’ use of Freiberg’﻿s Person-Centered Learning Assessment (PCLA), a self-assessment measure. The PCLA serves as an individualized resource for educators to assess their classroom teaching and learning particularly in the affective domain. Study findings indicate that the 10 student teachers identified future pedagogical changes as a result of utilizing the PCLA, with eight student teachers specifically identifying changes in their classrooms prior to completion of the study. As explored in this study, self-assessments seem to provide novice educators with a unique form of feedback and have the potential to lead to deeper levels of pedagogical self-reflection and resulting changes.
Comparing the Internal Consistency, Overall Scores, and Response Patterns on the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire–Revised in People With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Nadorff Michael R. , Galbraith Kate , Thomas Katie B.
Published: October 2017

This study examined the internal consistency, overall mean scores, and response patterns of 485 American adults, including 92 who identified as people with disabilities, on the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire–Revised (SBQ-R). The measure demonstrated acceptable internal consistency in both groups. Participants with disabilities had higher mean total scores as well as more concerning response patterns on SBQ-R items assessing suicide attempts, plans, recent suicidal ideation, and perceived likelihood of future suicide attempts.
Today’s Urban Black Male: The Importance of Finding the Right College to Realize Maximum Success
Authors: Hilton Adriel A. , Bonner Fred A.
Published: October 2017

When it comes to higher education, finding the right school is only one obstacle in the lives of most African-American males. Studies show that even out of the number of enrolled African-American males in the nation, about one-third of them will actually complete an undergraduate degree. A lack of experience in higher education may affect the decision-making process when shopping for the right school. The decision selecting the right school may be predicated on circumstance rather than outright choice, and may depend on the prospective student’s physical location or residence, whether they are urban or rural, and whether they are a first, second or third generation college student in their family. One solution to overcoming these and other obstacles in the college decision-making process for African-American males is to enroll in an institution where they will be supported and nurtured.
Hobbesian Slavery
Authors: Luban Daniel
Published: October 2017

Although Thomas Hobbes’s critics have often accused him of espousing a form of extreme subjection that differs only in name from outright slavery, Hobbes’s own striking views about slavery have attracted little notice. For Hobbes repeatedly insists that slaves, uniquely among the populace, maintain an unlimited right of resistance by force. But how seriously should we take this doctrine, particularly in the context of the rapidly expanding Atlantic slave trade of Hobbes’s time? While there are several reasons to doubt whether Hobbes’s arguments here should be taken at face value, the most serious stems from the highly restricted definition that he gives to the term “slave,” one that would seem to make his acceptance of slave resistance entirely hollow in practice. Yet a closer examination of Hobbes’s theory indicates that his understanding of slavery is less narrow than it might initially appear—and thus that his argument carries a genuine political bite.
Are People Becoming More Entitled Over Time? Not in New Zealand
Authors: Stronge Samantha , Milojev Petar , Sibley Chris G.
Published: October 2017

It is a common conception that entitlement is increasing among younger generations over time. However, although there is some evidence for this trend, other findings are less conclusive. The current research investigated change in psychological entitlement across the adult lifespan for men and women (ages 19-74), using six annual waves of data (2009-2014) from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study ( N = 10,412). We employed Cohort-Sequential Latent Growth Modeling to assess mean-level change in entitlement. Entitlement was found to be generally unchanging over time for both men and women, with only those aged 65 and above showing increasing entitlement. Entitlement showed a steady downward trend across age. These findings from a large national probability sample suggest that change in entitlement may follow a decreasing developmental trend across the lifespan. In New Zealand, at least, there is no evidence for a narcissism epidemic.
A Cognitive Diagnosis Model for Identifying Coexisting Skills and Misconceptions
Authors: Kuo Bor-Chen , Chen Chun-Hua , de la Torre Jimmy
Published: October 2017

At present, most existing cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are designed to either identify the presence and absence of skills or misconceptions, but not both. This article proposes a CDM that can be used to simultaneously identify what skills and misconceptions students possess. In addition, it proposes the use of the expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the model parameters. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the viability of the proposed model and algorithm. Real data are analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, and compare it with existing CDMs. Furthermore, a real data–based simulation study is conducted to determine how the correct classification rates in the context of the proposed model can be improved. Issues related to the proposed model and future research are discussed.
Fundamental Analysis and Option Returns
Authors: Goodman Theodore , Neamtiu Monica , Zhang X. Frank
Published: October 2017

This article investigates whether fundamental volatility information is appropriately priced in the options market. We find that fundamental signals exhibit incremental predictive power with respect to future option returns above and beyond what is captured by implied and historical stock volatility, suggesting that the options market does not fully incorporate fundamental information into option prices. Transaction costs substantially reduce the overall profitability of hedge strategies that exploit only the fundamental volatility information in these accounting signals; however, fundamental signals provide a useful complement for strategies based on historical volatility.
Religion and Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting and Dating Couples
Authors: Henderson Andrea K. , Ellison Christopher G. , Glenn Norval D.
Published: October 2017

Despite research on religion and marriage, little is known about the role of religion in the relationships of nonmarried couples. This study addresses two questions: (a) Do various dimensions of religious involvement—shared religious beliefs, affiliation and attendance, and theistic sanctification—influence the relationship satisfaction and marital expectations of dating and cohabiting individuals? (b) Is the association mediated by positive and negative relationship behaviors by the respondent and/or partner? We investigate these questions using the National Survey of Religion and Family Life, a nationwide sample of working-age adults, aged 18 to 59 years ( n = 468) with oversamples of African Americans and Latinos. Various dimensions of religious involvement are positively associated with the relationship satisfaction and expectations to marry among nonmarried individuals. Positive and negative relationship behaviors slightly diminish the link between religion and (a) relationship satisfaction and (b) expectations of marriage. Several implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.
Comprehensive blood conservation program in a new congenital cardiac surgical program allows bloodless surgery for the Jehovah Witness and a reduction for all patients
Authors: Olshove Vincent , Berndsen Nicole , Sivarajan Veena , Nawathe Pooja , Phillips Alistair
Published: October 2017

Background:

Cardiac surgery on Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) can be challenging, given the desire to avoid blood products. Establishment of a blood conservation program involving the pre-, intra- and post-operative stages for all patients may lead to a minimized need for blood transfusion in all patients.

Methods:

Pre-operatively, all JW patients were treated with high dose erythropoietin 500 IU/kg twice a week. JW patients were compared to matching non-JW patients from the congenital cardiac database, two per JW to serve as control. Blood use, ventilation time, bypass time, pre-operative hematocrit, first in intensive care unit (ICU) and at discharge and 24 hour chest drainage were compared. Pre-operative huddle, operating room huddle and post-operative bedside handoff were done with the congenital cardiac surgeon, perfusionist, anesthesiologist and intensive care team in all patients for goal alignment.

Results:

Five JW patients (mean weight 24.4 ± 25.0 Kg, range 6.3 – 60 Kg) were compared to 10 non-JW patients (weight 22.0 ± 22.8 Kg, range 6.2 – 67.8 Kg). There was no difference in bypass, cross-clamp, time to extubation (0.8 vs. 2.1 hours), peak inotrope score (2.0 vs. 2.3) or chest drainage. No JW patient received a blood product compared to 40% of non-JW. The pre-operative hematocrit (Hct) was statistically greater for the JW patients (46.1 ± 3.3% vs. 36.3 ± 4.7%, p<0.001) and both ICU and discharge Hct were higher for the JW (37 ± 1.8% vs 32.4 ± 8.0% and 41 ± 8.1% vs 34.8 ± 7.9%), but did not reach statistical significance. All patients had similar blood draws during the hospitalization (JW x 18 mL/admission vs non-JW 20 mL/admission).

Conclusion:

The continuous application and development of blood conservation techniques across the continuum of care allowed bloodless surgery for JW and non-JW patients alike. Blood conservation is a team sport and to make significant strides requires participation and input by all care providers.
Assessing the depth of isoflurane anaesthesia during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Ng Ka Ting , Alston R. Peter , Just George , McKenzie Chris
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Bispectral index (BIS) and monitoring of end-tidal concentration may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of awareness during volatile-based general anaesthesia. An analogue of end-tidal concentration during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is measuring exhausted isoflurane concentration from the oxygenator as an estimate to blood and, so, brain concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between oxygenator exhaust and blood concentrations of isoflurane and the BIS score during CPB when administering isoflurane into the sweep gas supply to the oxygenator.

Methods:

Seventeen patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery using CPB and isoflurane with BIS monitoring were recruited in a single-centre university hospital. Isoflurane gas was delivered via a calibrated vaporiser at the beginning of anaesthetic induction. Radial arterial blood samples were collected after the initiation of CPB and before aortic cross-clamping, which were analysed for isoflurane by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The BIS score and the concentration of exhausted isoflurane from the oxygenator membrane, as measured by an anaesthetic gas analyser, were recorded at the time of blood sampling.

Results:

The mean duration of anaesthetic induction to arterial blood sampling was 90 min (95%CI: 80,100). On CPB, the median BIS was 39 (range, 7-43) and the mean oxygenator exhaust isoflurane concentration was 1.24 ± 0.21%. No significant correlation was demonstrated between BIS with arterial isoflurane concentration (r=-0.19, p=0.47) or oxygenator exhaust isoflurane concentration (r=0.07, p=0.80). Mixed-venous blood temperature was moderately correlated to BIS (r=0.50, p=0.04). Oxygenator exhaust isoflurane concentration was moderately, positively correlated with its arterial concentration (r=0.64, p<0.01).

Discussion:

In conclusion, in patients undergoing heart surgery with CPB, the findings of this study indicate that, whilst oxygenator exhaust concentrations were significantly associated with arterial concentrations of isoflurane, neither had any association with the BIS scores, whereas body temperature has moderate positive correlation.
Influence of high-flow modified ultrafiltration on brain oxygenation and perfusion during surgery for children with ventricular septal defects: a pilot study
Authors: Jia Zaishen , Teng Yichao , Liu Yuan , Wang Hong , Li Yue , Hou Xiaotong
Published: October 2017

Background:

Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) can be performed in infants with ventricular septal defects (VSDs) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to reduce haemodilution and its potential adverse effects. High-flow MUF might reduce ultrafiltration duration and hasten the necessary correction of haemodilution during CPB. However, its influence on brain oxygenation remains controversial.

Objective:

This non-randomized, prospective, pilot study aimed to investigate the influence of high-flow MUF on brain oxygenation in infants with VSDs.

Methods:

High-flow MUF (≥20 mL/kg/min) was performed in twenty infants. Brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) and tissue haemoglobin index (tHI) were non-invasively and continuously measured intraoperatively using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Transcranial Doppler non-invasively detected the mean flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmean).

Results:

rSO2 increased significantly during MUF, as did tHI, Vmean, mean arterial pressure and haematocrit (all p<0.05). No correlation was found between changes in rSO2 and changes in other parameters (all p≥0.05).

Conclusion:

In infants with ventricular septal defects managed with CPB during VSDs repair, high-flow MUF did not reduce brain oxygenation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Childhood Health Utilities
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Kim Sung Wook , Ungar Wendy J. , Tsiplova Kate , Madan Jason , Petrou Stavros
Published: October 2017

Background. A common feature of most reviews or catalogues of health utilities has been their focus on adult health states or derivation of values from adult populations. More generally, utility measurement in or on behalf of children has been constrained by several methodological concerns. The objective of this study was to conduct the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of primary utility data for childhood conditions and descriptors, and to determine the effects of methodological factors on childhood utilities. Methods. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EconLit, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were searched for primary studies reporting health utilities for childhood conditions or descriptors using direct or indirect valuation methods. The Paediatric Economic Database Evaluation (PEDE) Porject was also searched for cost-utility analyses with primary utility values. Mean or median utilities for each of the main samples were catalogued, and weighted averages of utilities for each health condition were estimated, by valuation method. Mixed-effects meta-regression using hierarchical linear modeling was conducted for the most common valuation methods to estimate the utility decrement for each health condition category relative to general childhood population health, as well as the independent effects of methodological factors. Results. The literature searches resulted in 272 eligible studies. These yielded 3,414 utilities when all sub-groups were considered, covering all ICD-10 chapters relevant to childhood health, 19 valuation methods, 12 respondent types, 8 modes of administration, and data from 36 countries. A total of 1,191 utility values were obtained when only main study samples were considered, and these were catalogued by health condition or descriptor, and methodological characteristics. 1,073 mean utilities for main samples were used for fixed-effects meta-analysis by health condition and valuation method. Mixed-effects meta-regressions estimated that 53 of 76 ICD-10 delineated health conditions, valued using the HUI3, were associated with statistically significant utility decrements relative to general population health, whereas 38 of 57 valued using a visual analog scale (VAS) were associated with statistically significant VAS decrements. For both methods, parental proxy assessment was associated with overestimation of values, whereas adolescents reported lower values than children under 12 y. VAS responses were more heavily influenced by mode of administration than the HUI3. Conclusion. Utilities and their associated distributions, as well as the independent contributions of methodological factors, revealed by this systematic review and meta-analysis can inform future economic evaluations within the childhood context.
Domestic Violence and the Victim/Offender Overlap Across the Life Course
Authors: Iratzoqui Amaia
Published: October 2017

The current article examined the overlap of domestic violence across the life course, connecting childhood abuse and adolescent dating victimization to adult intimate partner victimization, and the connection between these behaviors and adult domestic violence perpetration against partners and children. Using three waves of Add Health data, the study found that childhood and adolescent domestic victimization were directly and indirectly linked to adult intimate partner victimization and that domestic violence perpetration also played a role. These findings indicate that offending must be accounted for in tracking patterns of victimization over the life course and that the overlap must more directly be reconciled in current criminal justice policy.
Techniques of Neutralization: A Brain Network Perspective
Authors: Jantz Paul B. , Morley Richard H.
Published: October 2017

Sykes and Matza introduced neutralization theory in 1957 to explain how juvenile delinquents retain a positive self-image when engaging in delinquent acts. Since then, aspects of neutralization theory have been incorporated into sociological and criminological theories to explain socially deviant behavior. Functional brain mapping research utilizing advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques has identified complex, intrinsically organized, large-scale brain networks. Higher order operations commonly attributed to three brain networks (default mode network [DMN], central executive network [CEN], salience network [SN]) align closely with neutralization theory. This article briefly discusses brain networks in general and the DMN, CEN, and SN specifically. It also discusses how these networks are involved when engaging in the use of techniques of neutralization and offers implications for future research.
The sociology of everyday life: A research program on contemporary sociality
Authors: Ghisleni Maurizio
Published: October 2017

‘Everyday life’ is a sphere of social relations that has gained increasing attention. The rediscovery of the ‘ordinary’, stimulated by the so-called ‘sociologies of everyday life’ during the 1960s–1990s, has reshaped the subject matter itself of the discipline. This article reviews the intellectual experience represented by the 1960s–1990s sociologies of everyday life. Through comparison with the normative structuralism of Durkheim and Parsons, the most influential sociological version of structuralism in the period immediately after the Second World War, the intention is to pursue two main goals. First, to establish the ‘scientific attitude’ and ‘research program’ developed by such sociologies. Second, to explain why the time has come for the sociologies of everyday life to begin a new phase – in particular given that the present technologization of everyday cultures has changed the order itself of interaction through the advent of a ‘mass knowledge society’.
Suicidal Ideation and Schizophrenia: Contribution of Appraisal, Stigmatization, and Cognition
Authors: Stip Emmanuel , Caron Jean , Tousignant Michel , Lecomte Yves
Published: October 2017

Objective:

To predict suicidal ideation in people with schizophrenia, certain studies have measured its relationship with the variables of defeat and entrapment. The relationships are positive, but their interactions remain undefined. To further their understanding, this research sought to measure the relationship between suicidal ideation with the variables of loss, entrapment, and humiliation.

Method:

The convenience sample included 30 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study was prospective (3 measurement times) during a 6-month period. Results were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression.

Results:

The contribution of the 3 variables to the variance of suicidal ideation was not significant at any of the 3 times (T1: 16.2%, P = 0.056; T2: 19.9%, P = 0.117; T3: 11.2%, P = 0.109). Further analyses measured the relationship between the variables of stigmatization, perceived cognitive dysfunction, symptoms, depression, self-esteem, reason to live, spirituality, social provision, and suicidal ideation. Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated that the contribution of the variables of stigmatization and perceived cognitive dysfunction to the variance of suicidal ideation was significant at all 3 times (T1: 41.7.5%, P = 0.000; T2: 35.2%, P = 0.001; T3: 21.5%, P = 0.012). Yet, over time, the individual contribution of the variables changed: T1, stigmatization (β = 0.518; P = 0.002); T2, stigmatization (β = 0.394; P = 0.025) and perceived cognitive dysfunction (β = 0.349; P = 0.046). Then, at T3, only perceived cognitive dysfunction contributed significantly to suicidal ideation (β = 0.438; P = 0.016).

Conclusion:

The results highlight the importance of the contribution of the variables of perceived cognitive dysfunction and stigmatization in the onset of suicidal ideation in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Newspaper Articles Related to the Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) Designation: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Whitley Rob , Wang JiaWei , Carmichael Victoria , Wellen Ruth
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder (NCRMD) designation remains widely misunderstood by the public. Such misunderstandings may also be reflected in the media. As such, the aim of this study is to conduct a preliminary examination of the tone and content of recent Canadian newspaper articles where NCRMD is a major theme, comparing these to generic articles about mental illness.

Methods:

Articles about mental illness were gathered from major Canadian newspapers. These were then divided into two categories: 1) articles where NCRMD was a major theme and 2) articles where NCRMD was not a major theme. Articles were then coded for the presence or absence of 1) a negative tone, 2) stigmatising tone/content, 3) recovery/rehabilitation as a theme, and 4) shortage of resources/poor quality of care as a theme.

Results:

The retrieval strategy resulted in 940 articles. Fourteen percent ( n = 131) of all articles had NCRMD as a major theme. In comparison to generic articles about mental illness, articles with NCRMD as a major theme were significantly more likely to have a negative tone ( P < 0.001) and stigmatising tone/content ( P < 0.001) and significantly less likely to have recovery/rehabilitation ( P < 0.001) or shortage of resources/poor quality of care as a theme ( P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Articles with NCRMD as a theme were overwhelmingly negative and almost never focused on recovery or rehabilitation, in stark comparison to generic articles about mental illness.
Assuming Personal Responsibility for Sexual Victimization: Harmful But Potentially Adaptive for College Women?
Authors: Donde Sapana D. , Ragsdale Sally K. A.
Published: October 2017

Survivors of sexual trauma often experience pervasive adverse cognitive attributions, such as assuming responsibility for victimization. In fact, these negative outcomes were recently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and have garnered substantial research attention devoted toward investigating the effectiveness of empirically supported trauma treatments in altering and reducing maladaptive belief systems. However, less is known about the ways that these negative cognitions may be inadvertently serving an adaptive role in young women’s healing and recovery from sexual trauma. The present study examined relationships between situational aspects of sexual victimization, personal responsibility, self-esteem, perceived future control, and perceived future likelihood of assault recurrence using path analysis in a sample of college women ( n = 347) who had experienced sexual victimization. Increased physical harm, decreased intoxication of the male, increased survivor intoxication, and decreased clarity of nonconsent were associated with increased personal responsibility, which was positively associated with self-esteem and perceived future control. Self-esteem mediated a negative relationship between personal responsibility and perceived future likelihood of assault recurrence, while perceived future control mediated a positive relationship. Findings suggest that college women’s tendency to assume personal responsibility for sexual victimization experiences is a complicated double-edged sword with both harmful and adaptive effects. Innovative, comprehensive, and sophisticated approaches to sexual assault prevention and treatment are needed to more effectively address this issue and support young women’s healing and recovery from victimization.
Safe From Harm? Youth Self-Report of Physical Assault in Child Welfare Placements
Authors: Helton Jesse J. , Gochez-Kerr Tatiana
Published: October 2017

Although most child welfare placements receive a rigorous assessment and ongoing safety monitoring, it is still unclear which is safest in terms of physical abuse. Our goals for this study were to assess the relative risk of physical assault for different child welfare placements in a national sample of youth and examine that risk within placement types for children with various levels of behavioral problems. Unlike previous studies of assault prevalence, we constrained our analysis to youth self-reports of assaults within a current placement to increase validity. Data from the 2010 National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) were used. The final analytic sample included children 8-18 years of age at Wave 3 interview in 2012 ( n = 1,302). Physical assault was measured using youth reports of being thrown at, shoved, slapped, beat-up, or stabbed, shot, or threatened with a knife or gun. Multiple bivariate contingency table analyses using Pearson χ2 tests and ordinal logistic regressions were used. Overall, 8% of youth reported a minor assault, 9% a serious assault, and 14% any assault. Ordinal logistic regression models showed that children with more severe behavioral problems were at increased odds of more serious physical assault (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.01, 1.05]) and youth in adoptive homes were at decreased odds of assault (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.82]). Interaction effects showed that one point increase in behavioral problems resulted in increased odds of more serious assaults only for youth reunified with biological parents (OR = 1.11, p = .01) and youth living with traditional foster parents (OR = 1.06, p = .02). Our results indicate that permanent adoptive homes are the safest child welfare placements irrespective of child characteristics, which is supportive of recent efforts to increase number of youth exiting care to adoption.
Caregiver Experiences Across Three Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Parkinson’s With Dementia
Authors: Roland Kaitlyn P. , Chappell Neena L.
Published: October 2017

Objective: This article asks whether distinct caregiver experiences of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) spouses are accounted for by disease diagnosis or by a unique combination of symptoms, demands, support, and quality of life (QOL) cross disease groups. Method: One hundred five live-in spouse caregivers (71.4 ± 7 years) were surveyed for persons with AD (39%), PD (41%), and PDD (20%). A hierarchical cluster analysis organized caregivers across disease diagnosis into clusters with similar symptom presentation, care demands, support, and QoL. Results: Four clusters cut across disease diagnosis. “Succeeding” cared for mild symptoms and had emotional support. “Coping” managed moderate stressors and utilized formal supports. “Getting by with support” and “Struggling” had the greatest stressors; available emotional support influenced whether burden/depression was moderate or severe. The results remain the same when diagnostic category is added to the cluster analysis. Discussion: This study supports going beyond disease diagnosis when examining caregiver experiences.
Recent developments in abrasive flow finishing process: A review of current research and future prospects
Authors: Sambharia Jaikishan , Mali Harlal Singh
Published: October 2017

The abrasive flow finishing processes are advanced finishing techniques widely used as finishing solutions in high-end industries like aerospace, automobile, tool and die, and prosthetic. Abrasive flow finishing processes are mainly used for polishing, deburring, removal of cast layers, radiusing and finishing intricate shapes by flowing abrasive laden viscoelastic carrier over the surfaces to be finished. Although abrasive flow finishing have a wide range of applications and could be used in every shop floor as a finishing solution, their usage is limited owing to high initial and running costs associated with them. This article attempts to present a novel classification of abrasive flow finishing processes based upon the use of different energy and tooling, and highlights the critical research outcomes in each category. The physical abrasive flow finishing modeling, developments in abrasive flow finishing processes, and their hybridization with the other manufacturing processes are discussed. Finally, the future research challenges including the development of low-cost alternative media, development of tooling and fixture, and environmental issues in the area of abrasive flow finishing are highlighted.
Steady-state and transient control strategies for a two-stage turbocharged diesel engine
Authors: Hu Zhilong , Deng Kangyao , Cui Yi , Yang Xinxin , Zhang Baochuan
Published: October 2017

Two-stage turbocharging technology is widely used to achieve higher engine power density and lower exhaust emissions. To solve a series of contradictions in matching, a regulated two-stage (RTS) turbocharging system is applied to reasonably control boost pressure. This paper investigated steady-state and transient control strategies for an RTS turbocharging system to achieve optimum fuel economy in steady-state conditions and better performance in transient conditions. The economic control strategies for steady-state operational conditions were based on an economic regulation law, which was established by a steady-state test of an engine with an RTS turbocharging system under all operating conditions. To optimize the transient performance, open-loop and closed-loop control systems (the latter with dynamic judgement) for the RTS system were designed and validated with experiments on a heavy-duty diesel engine. The experimental results demonstrated that the open-loop control strategy and the closed-loop strategy with dynamic judgement could improve the transient response performance. The optimum transient response performance was achieved by the closed-loop control system with dynamic judgement. Additionally, the combination of steady-state and transient control strategies could achieve the best fuel economy in steady-state conditions and good transient response performances.
A quasi-dimensional combustion model for spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–methanol blends
Authors: Nguyen Duc-Khanh , Sileghem Louis , Verhelst Sebastian
Published: October 2017

The current work provides a quasi-dimensional model for the combustion of methanol–gasoline blends. New correlations for the laminar burning velocity of gasoline and methanol are developed and used together with a mixing rule to calculate the laminar burning velocity of the blends. Several factors (such as the laminar burning velocity, initial flame kernel, residual gas fraction, turbulence, etc.) have been investigated and the sensitivity of these factors and the used sub-models on the predictive performance was assessed. The simulation results were compared with measurement data from two engines on different gasoline–methanol blends. The results show the importance of the laminar burning velocity correlation, the method of initializing combustion and the turbulent burning velocity model. The newly developed laminar burning velocity correlation of gasoline performed equally or better than the existing correlations and the newly developed correlation of methanol outperformed the other correlations. The initial flame kernel size had a strong influence on the ignition delay. Changing the initial flame kernel to reproduce the same ignition delay was very effective to improve the simulations. Several turbulent combustion models were tested with the newly developed laminar burning velocity correlations and optimized ignition delay. In conclusion, the model of Bradley reproduced the trend going from gasoline to methanol much better than others due to the inclusion of the Lewis number.
A new prosthetic alignment device to read and record prosthesis alignment data
Authors: Pirouzi Gholamhossein , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Ali Sadeeq , Davoodi Makinejad Majid
Published: October 2017

Prosthetic alignment is an essential process to rehabilitate patients with amputations. This study presents, for the first time, an invented device to read and record prosthesis alignment data. The digital device consists of seven main parts: the trigger, internal shaft, shell, sensor adjustment button, digital display, sliding shell, and tip. The alignment data were read and recorded by the user or a computer to replicate prosthesis adjustment for future use or examine the sequence of changes in alignment and its effect on the posture of the patient. Alignment data were recorded at the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral positions for five patients. Results show the high level of confidence to record alignment data and replicate adjustments. Therefore, the device helps patients readjust their prosthesis by themselves, or prosthetists to perform adjustment for patients and analyze the effects of malalignment.
Changing perspectives: France’s post-war laureates and the Nobel Prize for Literature
Authors: Weston-Evans Phoebe , Nettelbeck Colin
Published: October 2017

This article identifies and examines the largely overlooked corpus of the introductory and acceptance speeches relating to the French Nobel Literature Prize laureates in the post-World War II period. Following a broadly chronological development, it illuminates the tensions between the national and the international perspectives inherent in the process, analysing how individual laureates negotiate their creative trajectories within a longer-term historical shift towards a transnational literary paradigm. Within that context of a changing ethos, the war experience itself is shown to be of pervasive and persistent importance, informing both the writers’ construction of their imaginary worlds, and the reception/perception of those worlds within the Nobel framework. Such special problems as Sartre’s attempted refusal of the prize and Beckett’s ambiguous national identity are used to propose a different viewpoint on France’s recent literary history, from the era of Gide and Mauriac to the more contemporary one of Simon, Le Clézio and Modiano.
The forgotten Spinozist: Romain Rolland, Gilles Deleuze, and the figure of Christ
Authors: Collins Ashok
Published: October 2017

To this day, the thinking of Spinoza serves as a powerful tool for those seeking to negotiate the nexus between theological transcendence and the immanence of worldly existence. This paper explores the thought of one of the most important – and yet least remembered – Spinozists within twentieth-century French intellectual history: the Nobel Prize-winning French novelist, Romain Rolland (1866–1944). Past scholarship has repeatedly identified a divergence between the Catholic orthodoxy against which a youthful Rolland rebelled and the Spinozist non-conformism that shaped his thinking throughout life. By re-reading Rolland’s intellectual engagement with religion through the thinking of Gilles Deleuze, this study counters such critical interpretations and argues that the tension between Catholic orthodoxy and Spinozism cannot purely be seen in terms of a polemical conflict, but rather as the opportunity for a fruitful dialogue that has much to offer our own treatment of the religious question in the twenty-first century.
Domesticating enchantment: Mediating feminine magic in the interwar French fashion magazine
Authors: Parkins Ilya
Published: October 2017

This article examines men’s writing about women as vectors of enchantment in three interwar French women’s magazines, La Femme Chic à Paris, Vogue and Gazette du Bon Ton. Such articles appeared frequently, and modernised the ancient discourse of feminine enchantment by locating it in tropes of industrial modernity, including women’s fashion and style. While enchantment is a promising concept for feminist and critical scholars, its representation in this genre of men’s writing domesticates its potential to disorient and challenge masculine subjects and conventional knowledges. The essay explores how the generic qualities of the modern women’s magazine contribute to such a domestication, and shows that tropes of modern alienation appear as the underside of feminine enchantment. The analysis suggests that we must view the women’s magazine not as women’s space, but as a heterogeneous cultural space that intermittently reinforces masculine authority.
Fixation du sens et force critique : rhétorique et stéréotypes dans la performance comique francophone
Authors: Rousseau Sandra
Published: October 2017

Cet article théorise les moyens donnés aux humoristes pour limiter le risque d’itérativité des stéréotypes qu’ils utilisent sur scène à des fins comiques. La réussite ou l’échec de la performance des stéréotypes peut s’évaluer par la mise en place d’un système-cadre qui catégorise les performances comiques selon qu’elles sont plus ou moins engagées, c’est-à-dire qu’elles génèrent, ou non, un risque herméneutique. Ce travail analyse les moyens rhétoriques donnés aux performeurs pour s’assurer de la bonne compréhension de leur message lorsqu’ils performent des stéréotypes pour les critiquer. L’hypothèse de cette étude qui contribue à la théorisation de la performance des stéréotypes, suppose que la mise en place de procédés spécifiques permet de minimiser, sinon d’annihiler, la mécompréhension du stéréotype et de protéger le performeur d’éventuels détournements de son discours.
Le roman d’entreprise: Breaking the silence
Authors: Marks John
Published: October 2017

This article looks at three recent French novels in order to explore key themes in what has become known as the roman d’entreprise: Pierre Mari’s Résolution (2005), Nathalie Kuperman’s Nous étions des êtres vivants (2010) and Thierry Beinstingel’s Retour aux mots sauvages (2010). The figure of the entreprise functions both as a fictional representation of the post-Fordist workplace environment in companies such as France Télécom, and also as a means of tackling wider issues of work and social organisation in an era of neoliberal managerialism. The concepts of capitalist realism, organisational miasma and virtuality are used to analyse the ways in which the three novels convey the distinctive affective landscape of the contemporary entreprise. Fiction is used to consider the prolix and self-referential nature of the managerialist entreprise, which enables it to exert a significant influence on the individual and collective subjectivities of employees. The three novels focus on the capacity of the entreprise to capture language and impose an affect of silence on employees.
Visibility, speech and disembodiment in Jacques Panijel’s Octobre à Paris
Authors: Sharpe Mani
Published: October 2017

Octobre à Paris (1961) was a clandestine documentary executed after one of the most notorious yet occulted state massacres in French history, conducted after approximately 20–30,000 Algerians had flooded the streets of Paris in order to protest against police persecution. In existing scholarship on the film, critics have generally tended to historicise Octobre à Paris in largely politically progressive terms, as a rare example of anti-colonial cinema produced during a particularly stringent period in the history of French film. As the first part of this article will argue, this interpretation is not without justification, especially in relation to Panijel’s arguably pioneering use of the ‘masked interview’ (an interview technique predicated on a conception of the auteur-as-absence). Yet, as we will see in the second part of this article, such a politically progressive reading of Octobre à Paris is also undermined by the non-diegetic authorial commentary that appears in the final act of the film. Controversially, it is Panijel rather than his Algerian subjects who has the last word on the massacre.
Application of real-time quantitative PCR assays for detecting marine Brucella spp. in fish
Authors: Norman Stephanie A. , Delaney Martha A. , Haman Katherine H. , Thomas Austen C. , Godfroid Jacques , Larsen Anett K. , Nymo Ingebjørg H. , Robbe-Austerman Suelee , Quance Christine , Rhyan Jack C. , Lambourn Dyanna M. , Jeffries Steven J. , Rabinowitz Peter
Published: October 2017

Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis have been documented as occurring in marine mammals, and B. ceti has been identified in 3 naturally acquired human cases. Seroconversion and infection patterns in Pacific Northwest harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina richardii) and North Atlantic hooded seals ( Cystophora cristata) indicate post-weaning exposure through prey consumption or lungworm infection, suggesting fish and possibly invertebrates play an epizootiologic role in marine Brucella transmission and possible foodborne risk to humans. We determined if real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays can detect marine Brucella DNA in fish DNA. Insertion sequence (IS) 711 gene and sequence type (ST)27 primer–probe sets were used to detect Brucella associated with marine mammals and human zoonotic infections, respectively. First, DNA extracts from paired-species fish (containing 2 species) samples were tested and determined to be Brucella DNA negative using both IS 711 and ST27 primer–probe sets. A representative paired-species fish DNA sample was spiked with decreasing concentrations of B. pinnipedialis DNA to verify Brucella detection by the IS 711 primer–probe within fish DNA. A standard curve, developed using isolated DNA from B. pinnipedialis, determined the limit of detection. Finally, the IS 711 primer–probe was used to test Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) DNA extracts experimentally infected with the B. pinnipedialis hooded seal strain. In culture-positive cod tissue, the IS 711 limit of detection was ~1 genome copy of Brucella. Agreement between culture and PCR results for the 9 positive and 9 negative cod tissues was 100%. Although a larger sample set is required for validation, our study shows that qPCR can detect marine Brucella in fish.
Detection of Treponema phagedenis–like antibodies in serum and bulk milk from cows with and without digital dermatitis
Authors: Frössling Jenny , Rosander Anna , Björkman Camilla , Näslund Katarina , Pringle Märit
Published: October 2017

Digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows is a widespread disease linked to infection with Treponema. The traditional diagnostic method is clinical inspection, which is subjective and laborious. We explored the performance of 4 different immunogenic proteins from Treponema phagedenis in a new antibody ELISA for analysis of serum or milk. Analysis of samples from 390 cows in 25 herds showed that the ELISA could distinguish the majority of cows with DD from healthy cows. By changing the cutoff and applying parallel or serial testing, high sensitivity or specificity could be achieved. The investigation indicated that aggregated test results can be useful in the assessment of a herd’s DD status. In addition, analysis of bulk tank milk samples showed good agreement with results from individual cows. The test system could be useful in research on the epidemiology and immunology of DD.
Early-life exposures and Johne’s disease risk in zoo ruminants
Authors: Burgess Tristan L. , Witte Carmel L. , Rideout Bruce A.
Published: October 2017

Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic, progressive bacterial enteritis of ruminants that can cause serious losses in both livestock and exotic species. Infection risk in exotic ruminants is associated with maternal infection status, but the effect of other herdmates on risk of infection has not been reported, to our knowledge. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between MAP infection status and early-life contact with infected herdmates. The study population included 3,234 individuals representing 128 species at San Diego Zoo Global facilities between 1991 and 2010. Animal movement, health, and pathology records were used to trace enclosure-sharing contacts between members of the study population and any MAP-infected animal. Contact-days were counted by age of the reference animal and the number of unique infected individuals contacted. Herdmate infection status was stratified by stage of infection (180 d prior to diagnosis), age, and whether relevant lesions were found at autopsy. Having an infected herdmate was a strong risk factor for infection (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.9–10.3), and each method of defining herdmate infection status showed significant differences in infection risk. The best predictor was number of contact-days within the first week of life, with a 2-fold increase in risk associated with each doubling in the number of contact-days (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0). We conclude that early contact with infected animals is an important predictor of MAP infection risk, although the effect size is smaller than that previously described for maternal infection status.
Are Older Adults Willing to Consider New Strategies to Reduce Stroke Risk?
Authors: Grande Stuart W. , O’Neill Elizabeth S. , Sherman Ariel E. , Coylewright Megan
Published: October 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that increases patients’ risk of stroke, and determining an optimal prevention therapy is a preference-sensitive decision appropriate for shared decision making (SDM). Utilizing community-based focus groups, we explored beliefs and values around options for stroke prevention. Interview transcripts from five independent focus groups were qualitatively assessed and organized into themes. Most participants were taking a blood thinner (93%) and more than half of participants (64%) reported having AF. Few participants were familiar with newer therapies. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (a) fearing loss of self-control through debilitating stroke, (b) recognizing uncertainty in how to weigh risks and benefits of new treatments, and (c) needing mutual respect between clinicians and patients to consider new/alternative treatment regimens. These findings help direct future research efforts examining optimal timing for SDM and decision aids to promote mutual respect.
Why (and How) Institutional Theory Can Be Critical: Addressing the Challenge to Institutional Theory’s Critical Turn
Authors: Lok Jaco
Published: October 2017

Through a direct response to Willmott’s challenge to institutional theory’s critical potential, I show why and how it is possible for institutional theory to become more critical, while also respecting and maintaining important differences with critical theory.