bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic conversion of glucose in fructose utilizing high-silica zeolite Sn-ZSM-12
Authors: Silva I. da , Silva A. O. S. , Santos J. R. , Nascimento R. C. S. , Ferreira J. M. , Rodrigues A. D.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Tin incorporation in high-silica ZSM-12 zeolite was evaluated using different concentrations of tin and different structure-directing agents (SDA), in order to be used in the glucose isomerization reaction in fructose. The tetraethylammonium hydroxide SDA successfully formed the structure of the high silica zeolite ZSM-12; however, in this system, the addition of Sn prevented the formation of the ZSM-12 zeolite. Therefore, tetraethylammonium bromide was used as SDA, but the syntheses of high-silica ZSM-12 zeolite without and with tin incorporation were not effective. Then methyltriethylammonium chloride was used as SDA, and the high-silica ZSM-12 structure was formed only with the incorporation of tin. The samples with ZSM-12 structure and different concentrations of tin were evaluated in reaction of glucose conversion to fructose. It was found that the sample with the lowest tin content ( Sn / Si = 0 . 005 ) achieved the highest glucose conversion and the highest fructose yield.
Analysis of structural, morphological and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnO:Eu obtained by combustion reaction
Authors: Maia D. B. , Raimundo R. A. , Passos T. A. , Torquato R. A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Eu-doped semiconductor matrix of ZnO at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.10 mols was synthesized by combustion reaction, using zinc nitrate, europium nitrate, and urea as fuel. In order to analyze the effect of europium concentration and sintering on the structure, band gap, magnetic and morphological properties of ZnO, the samples were sintered at 1100 °C for 30 min and analyzed before and after sintering via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, vibrant sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy. From the results obtained, it was found that there was the formation of the semiconductor phase ZnO and also a second-phase (Eu2O3). It was observed that the samples before and after sintering presented band gap values within the semiconductor range and ferromagnetism at room temperature.
Influence of substitution of Portland cement CP-II-Z32 by refractory cement on residual properties of high-temperature concrete
Authors: Silva C. da , Godinho D. S. S. , Ribeiro A. , Ferronato A. , Santos Neto A. B. S. dos , Angioletto E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Concrete structures must be sized to ensure stability over their lifetime. Moreover, there are criteria that must be followed for fire safety verification. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the partial and integral replacement of CPII-Z32 cement by a refractory cement in concrete compositions related to the residual properties after exposure to different temperature levels. For the tests, cylindrical specimens were molded with cement replacement percentages of 0% (reference), 50%, and 100%, and exposed at 450 °C and 900 °C without load. The results showed a change in the color of the specimens and a reduction of the mechanical strength with increasing temperature. The increase in the percentage of refractory cement resulted in lower heat conduction for the concrete made with this material.
Alternative sugarcane production for conservation of sandy soils: sugarcane straw, intercropping and nitrogen
Authors: Carneiro Leandro Flávio , Oliveira Ricardo Augusto de , Weber Heroldo , Daros Edelclaiton , Berton Guilherme Souza , Rodrigues Fábio Vieira
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT The expansion of sugarcane cultivation in the Center-South region of Brazil has led to the use of, mainly, areas with low-yielding sandy soils. In this context, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the maintenance of the sugarcane straw, Brachiaria grass intercropping in sugarcane fields and nitrogen fertilization and on sandy soils in the state of Paraná. The field experiment was installed in the Paranavaí-PR city, at a unit of the Interuniversity Network for the Development of the Sugarcane Sector (RIDESA). The soil was classified as Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo distrófico. The treatments in the plant cane stage, consisting of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and monoculture or Brachiaria grass intercropping in sugarcane fields were arranged in a 4x2 factorial design. At plant cane harvest, the effect of unremoved straw was included as a new factor to be evaluated in the ratoon crops. The treatments in the ratoon crops were arranged in a 4x2x2 factorial design, consisting of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), monoculture or Brachiaria grass intercropping in sugarcane fields and the presence or removal sugarcane straw. The sugarcane straw on soil surface can increase the agronomic development of sugarcane and, the other hands, Brachiaria grass intercropping in sugarcane fields can reduce. Sugarcane was responsive to N rates and, in the highest rates, compensated the sugarcane straw absence and reduced Brachiaria grass intercropping competition.
Decrease of the DXR-induced genotoxicity and nongenotoxic effects of Theobroma cacao revealed by micronucleus assay
Authors: Boriollo M. F. G. , Alves V. E. , Silva T. A. , Silva J. J. , Barros G. B. S. , Dias C. T. S. , Höfling J. F. , Oliveira N. M. S.
Published: July 2020

Abstract This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized glycolic extract of Theobroma cacao Linné seeds (TCL), using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between TCL and doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated 24-48 h after treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU: 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl (145 mM), TCL (0.5-2 g/kg), and TCL (2 g/kg) in combination with DXR (antigenotoxic assays). Analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) showed no significant differences between all the treatment doses of TCL and NaCl control. Mice experimentally treated with DXR and NEU significantly induced MNPCEs. However, a significant reduction of MNPCEs was also observed when TCL was administered in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DXR. The analysis of the PCE/NCE ratio revealed no significant differences between the NaCl control, all doses of TCL, and DXR. However, there were significant differences in the PCE/NCE ratio between positive NEU control and all other treatments. The PCE/NCE ratio observed after treatment with TCL and DXR showed significant differences and intermediate values to controls (NaCl and NEU). This study suggests absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TCL, regardless of dose, sex, and time. TCL reduced genotoxic effects induced by DXR, suggesting potential antigenotoxic effects.
Anurans of the Caparaó National Park and surroundings, southeast Brazil
Authors: Zornosa-Torres Camila , Augusto-Alves Guilherme , Lyra Mariana L. , Silva Júnior José Cassimiro da , Garcia Paulo C.A. , Leite Felipe , Verdade Vanessa , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Gasparini João Luiz , Haddad Célio F.B. , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: July 2020

Abstract The Atlantic Forest (AF) is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world, and the most fragmented biome of Brazil. This biome includes different phytophysiognomies, as riparian, slope, cloudy forests, and grasslands. Such complexity, allied to huge latitudinal and high elevational range, provides diverse habitats and conditions for amphibian speciation. As a result, there are over 600 amphibian species known to occur in the AF. Within this biome the Caparaó National Park (CNP) is relevant, as it includes the highest peak of the biome, the Pico da Bandeira at almost 3,000 m above sea level, as well as different phytophysiognomies as rocky fields and humid forests. In spite of that, its amphibian fauna is still poorly described. We inventoried amphibians at the CNP and surrounding areas from 2016 to 2018 and recorded 47 anuran species, of which two are locally endemic and at least six have not been described yet. Additionally, we compiled data from previous surveys (2004 to 2008) and secondary data from scientific collections. All together, we registered a total of 61 anuran species from 12 families for the CNP and surroundings, placing this area among the 10 amphibian richest sites in the AF. Some of these species are represented by only one or two collected specimens and have not been registered in the CNP since the 1980’s, such as Thoropa lutzi and Hylodes vanzolinii. These species could be examples of population declines or even past local extinctions, highlighting the need of further sampling efforts in that highly biodiverse site.
Epidemiological and pathological aspects of cardiomyopathies in cats in southern Brazil
Authors: Argenta Fernando F. , Mello Lauren S. , Cony Fernanda G. , Pavarini Saulo P. , Driemeier David , Sonne Luciana
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT: Cardiomyopathies are considered one of the most important causes of heart failure in cats and are subdivided into three main morphological types: hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and types of cardiomyopathies in cats diagnosed in southern Brazil, with an emphasis on their epidemiological and pathological aspects. Necropsy reports filed in a veterinary pathology laboratory were reviewed, and cats diagnosed with cardiomyopathy were selected for the study. Animal identification data, history and clinical signs, and gross lesions, were reviewed and compiled. During the study period, 1.594 cat necropsies were performed, of which 72 (4.5%) comprised a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. HCM was the most frequent followed by CMR and CMD, representing 77.8%, 12.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Age ranged from three months to 18 years, with a median age of seven years. In relation to sex, 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. In 76.4% of the cases, it affected cats without a breed defined. Restrictive mixed dyspnea and hydrothorax were the main signs or findings of the clinical examination. Sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs due to aortic thromboembolism have also been described. In HCM, myocardial thickening was observed, with a reduction in the ventricular chamber. Hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis of the myofibers were the main histological findings. In RCM, whitish and thickened endocardium was seen in most cases. DCM was characterized by dilated cardiac chambers, and microscopic examination revealed no significant findings. The main extra cardiac lesions revealed pulmonary edema and congestion, hydrothorax and chronic passive congestion of the liver. Cardiomyopathies are important causes of death in cats and should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with cardio respiratory clinical signs and in cases related to sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs.
Performance of the Dot-blot test method for detecting antibodies to Sarcocystis spp. in cattle
Authors: Ferreira Maiara S.T. , Fernandes Fagner D. , Alves Marta E.M. , Bräunig Patricia , Sangioni Luis A. , Vogel Fernanda S.F.
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT: Serological techniques can detect antibodies against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antigens in single or mixed infections. Immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) is considered the gold standard technique for Sarcocystosis diagnostic in cattle serum and a positive IFAT result reflects Sarcocystis spp. infection. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to compare IFAT and Dot-blot for sarcocystosis diagnostic in experimentally infected mice and to investigate serological cross-reactions with N. caninum and T. gondii in these methods. Mice (Mus musculus) were inoculated intraperitoneally with bradizoites of Sarcocystis spp. or tachyzoites of N. caninum or T. gondii. Serum samples were obtained and analyzed by IFAT and Dot-blot for the three protozoa. Serum from N. caninum and T. gondii experimentally infected mice were tested by IFAT and reacted only to N. caninum or T. gondii antigens, respectively. Specific antibodies against Sarcocystis spp. were present in all animals experimentally infected with this protozoan, with IFAT titers from 10 to 800. Serum samples from mice experimentally infected with Sarcocystis spp., N. caninum and T. gondii and tested by Dot-blot demonstrated no cross reaction between protozoa. A Dot-blot using Sarcocystis spp. antigen appears to be a good alternative to IFAT in the serological diagnosis of Sarcocystosis.
Causes of abortion in dairy cows in Uruguay
Authors: Macías-Rioseco Melissa , Silveira Caroline , Fraga Martin , Casaux Laura , Cabrera Andrés , Francia María E. , Robello Carlos , Maya Leticia , Zarantonelli Leticia , Suanes Alejandra , Colina Rodney , Buschiazzo Alejandro , Giannitti Federico , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT: A case series study was conducted to determine the frequency of causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Uruguay. The sample size of 102 cases was composed of 53 fetuses, 35 fetuses with placentas, and 14 placentas without an associated fetus. All cases underwent gross and microscopic pathologic examinations as well as microbiological and serological testing. The etiology was determined in 54 (53%) of cases, 51 of which were caused by infectious agents. Within the observed 102 cases, 30 (29%) were caused by Neospora caninum, six (6%) by Coxiella burnetii and two (2%) by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Bovine Parainfluenza-3 virus and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport caused one abortion each. Opportunistic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Mannheimia sp., Trueperella pyogenes, and Providencia stuartii) were associated with 11 abortions. In two cases the fetal death was attributed to dystocia, and in one case the fetus had a congenital mesothelioma. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was identified in three fetuses; two of which were co-infected with and had typical lesions of N. caninum. No lesions were observed in the other fetus infected by BVDV. Leptospira interrogans was identified in one fetus without lesions. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiological diagnosis in cases of abortion in cattle, a systemic workup of bovine abortion is necessary to establish prevention and control strategies. This also facilitates monitoring and surveillance of reproductive diseases in dairy cattle, some of which represent a risk to public health.
Resenha do livro Variational Approach to Gravity Field Theories - From Newton to Einstein and Beyond
Authors: Gava Alessio
Published: July 2020

Resumo Apresenta-se uma resenha crítica do livro Variational Approach to Gravity Field Theories - From Newton to Einstein and Beyond (2017), de autoria do astrofísico italiano Alberto Vecchiato. Na obra, Vecchiato mostra que a física assim como a conhecemos pode ser construída a partir de modelos matemáticos simples, gradativamente complexificados ao introduzir novos princípios. O leitor é guiado, progressivamente, a percorrer os passos que conduzem da física clássica àquela relativística e a entender como isso acontece e quais são as motivações. Ademais, ao apresentar de modo claro e elegante a abordagem variacional às teorias de campo gravitacional, Vecchiato mostra uma preocupação constante em conduzir o leitor de forma que esse entenda o funcionamento e a relevância da técnica que o autor considera a mais poderosa e o conceito mais unificador da física teórica. Cada capítulo é enriquecido com exercícios, dos quais é oferecida uma resolução passo a passo, de modo que o leitor possa inteirar-se de fato do assunto apresentado e seguir a leitura de modo proveitoso O aspecto inovador do livro, porém, não é constituído pelo rigor e pela clareza da tratação da abordagem variacional, mas sim pelo ponto de vista que Vecchiato parece manter ao longo da obra e que leva o leitor a endossar também: a física é uma construção humana, sujeita a erro e suscetível de ser aperfeiçoada, e não um sistema completo e definitivo de verdades acerca do mundo.
Can the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have a role in the diagnosis of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19)?
Authors: Nalbant Ahmet , Kaya Tezcan , Varim Ceyhun , Yaylaci Selçuk , Tamer Ali , Cinemre Hakan
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammation marker, complete blood count, and biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of COVID-19. METHODS A total of 80 patients who had been hospitalized in the internal medicine clinic were enrolled in the study. The cases were allocated into two groups, i.e., COVID (+) and (-), based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory [NLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), complete blood count, biochemistry, and serology] data of the patients were retrospectively obtained from the hospital data management system. RESULTS NLR and fever levels were found to be higher in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.021, P=0.001, respectively). There was no difference between males and females with regard to COVID-19 positivity (P=0.527). Total bilirubin levels were found to be lower in COVID-19 (+) cases (P=0.040). When the ROC analysis was carried out for NLR in COVID-19 (+) cases, the AUC value was found to be 0.660 (P=0.021), sensitivity as 69.01 %, specificity as 65.40 %, LR+: 1.98 and LR- : 0.48, PPV: 80.43, and NPV: 50.00, when the NLR was ≥2.4. The risk of COVID-19 was found to be 20.3-fold greater when NLR was ≥ 2.4 in the logistic regression (P=0.007). CONCLUSION NLR is an independent predictor for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We also found that fever and total bilirubin measurements could be useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in this population.
Serum immunoglobulin a deficiency and autoimmune comorbidities: a crossectional study in 281 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Linzmeyer Gustavo Felício Alexandroni , Miyake Fabiane Karen , Santos Thiago Alberto F. C. Gomes Dos , Skare Thelma L
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To study the profile of associated autoimmune diseases in a series of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and see if such associations are linked to IgA deficiency. METHODS Two hundred eighty-one patients with SLE were studied for Ig A levels by nephelometry. Levels equal to or under 0.05g/dL were considered as IgA deficiency. Epidemiological and clinical data, including the presence of associated autoimmune diseases, were extracted from the patient’s charts. RESULTS Ig A deficiency was found in 6% of the patients. In 30.2% of SLE patients, there was at least one more autoimmune disease; Hashimoto thyroiditis and Sjögren’s syndrome were the most common. No association between the occurrence of associated autoimmune disease with IgA deficiency was found. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases associated with SLE. IgA deficiency does not affect the presence of these associations.
Identification of key genes for type 1 diabetes mellitus by network-based guilt by association
Authors: Li Shan-Shan , Tian Jia-Mei , Wei Tong-Huan , Wang Hao-Ren
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to propose a co-expression-network (CEN) based gene functional inference by extending the “Guilt by Association” (GBA) principle to predict candidate gene functions for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Firstly, transcriptome data of T1DM were retrieved from the genomics data repository for differentially expressed gene (DEGs) analysis, and a weighted differential CEN was generated. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was chosen to determine the performance metric for each Gene Ontology (GO) term. Differential expression analysis identified 325 DEGs in T1DM, and co-expression analysis generated a differential CEN of edge weight > 0.8. RESULTS A total of 282 GO annotations with DEGs > 20 remained for functional inference. By calculating the multifunctionality score of genes, gene function inference was performed to identify the optimal gene functions for T1DM based on the optimal ranking gene list. Considering an AUC > 0.7, six optimal gene functions for T1DM were identified, such as regulation of immune system process and receptor activity. CONCLUSIONS CEN-based gene functional inference by extending the GBA principle predicted 6 optimal gene functions for T1DM. The results may be potential paths for therapeutic or preventive treatments of T1DM.
Prevalence and associated factors in community-dwelling subjects - a population-based study
Authors: Cruz Rodrigo , Garcia-Rosa Maria , Faria Carlos
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of nocturia and identify factors associated with it in a community-dwelling population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects aged 45 years or more and registered with a Family Doctor Program. Information was collected about nocturia, other urinary symptoms, physical examination, co-morbidities, demographics, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors. Multiple logistics regression models were developed to analyze associated factors for nocturia according to gender and the number of nocturnal micturitions(≥1 and ≥2). RESULTS Out of the 661 individuals included in the study, 62.3% were women. Among the women, the prevalence rates for nocturia ≥1 time and ≥2 times were, respectively, 68.4% and 49%, whereas, among the men, they were 64.3% and 43.8%. Among the women, nocturia ≥1 time was associated with brown skin, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and calcium channel blockers(CCB) use, while nocturia ≥2 times showed association with higher BMI, lower schooling, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the use of CCB. Among the men, nocturia ≥1 time was associated positively with age, alcohol intake, and OSA, and negatively with angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers use. Besides, nocturia ≥2 times was associated with age, not having health insurance, and OSA. CONCLUSIONS Nocturia is a condition highly prevalent in the studied population. For the female subjects, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and the use of CCB were associated with nocturia regardless of the definition used, whereas, among the men, that same association was found with age, not having health insurance, and OSA.
Fatores associados à cura e ao abandono do tratamento da tuberculose na população privada de liberdade
Authors: Alves Kelle Karolina Ariane Ferreira , Borralho Lívia Menezes , Araújo Aguinaldo José de , Bernardino Ítalo de Macedo , Figueiredo Tânia Maria Ribeiro Monteiro de
Published: July 2020

RESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou investigar os fatores associados aos desfechos de cura e abandono na população privada de liberdade com tuberculose. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, observacional e analítico. Realizado com dados oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), de tuberculose da população privada de liberdade nos anos de 2007 a 2016 no estado da Paraíba. Foram incluídas as notificações de indivíduos maiores de 18 anos notificados como “casos novos” e como encerramento por “cura” ou “abandono”. Excluíram-se aqueles que até dezembro de 2016 não tinham a situação de encerramento. Realizaram-se estatísticas bivariada e multivariada, por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Com 614 notificações, a maioria foi do sexo masculino (93,8%). Na análise bivariada, houve associação estaticamente relevante dos desfechos com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (p = 0,044), sorologia para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (p = 0,048) e não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (p = 0,001). Na análise multivariada ajustada, a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (risco relativo - RR = 1,998; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,078 - 3,704; p = 0,028) e a não realização de baciloscopia de acompanhamento (RR = 5,211; IC95% 2,158 - 12,583; p < 0,001*) permaneceram significativamente associadas ao desfecho de abandono. Conclusão: Os desfechos de cura e abandono estão associados principalmente com a realização ou não da baciloscopia de acompanhamento e com a síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida.
Efeito do dia e do número de dias de aplicação na reprodutibilidade de um questionário de avaliação do consumo alimentar de escolares
Authors: Perazi Fernanda Machado , Kupek Emil , Assis Maria Alice Altenburg de , Pereira Luciana Jeremias , Cezimbra Vanessa Guimarães , Oliveira Marina Tissok de , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kundradi , Pietro Patrícia Faria Di , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas
Published: July 2020

RESUMO: Introdução: O questionário de Consumo Alimentar e Atividade Física de Escolares (Web-CAAFE) foi desenvolvido para o monitoramento da dieta e atividade física de escolares brasileiros. Este estudo buscou avaliar o efeito do dia da semana e do número de aplicações na reprodutibilidade do Web-CAAFE. Metodologia: Escolares do 2º ao 5º ano (n = 197) de Florianópolis preencheram o Web-CAAFE por duas vezes no mesmo dia, dos quais 113 o fizeram em três dias não consecutivos. Avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade por meio da correlação intraclasse (CCI) e da regressão logística, para avaliação dos fatores associados à pior reprodutibilidade. Resultados: Observaram-se piores resultados de reprodutibilidade para o preenchimento do consumo nos finais de semana em relação àqueles que responderam em dias da semana (odds ratio - OR = 2,93; p = 0,045) e melhores resultados em meninas em relação aos meninos (OR = 0,29; p < 0,001). O preenchimento do consumo realizado nos segundo e terceiro dias apresentou melhor reprodutibilidade que o realizado no primeiro. Esses resultados são relevantes para o planejamento de futuros estudos que utilizem instrumentos de consumo alimentar em crianças, em especial sobre avaliação de sua validade e reprodutibilidade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que pelo menos dois dias de aplicação do Web-CAAFE fornecem resultados aceitáveis de reprodutibilidade, e que o preenchimento referente ao fim de semana pode reduzi-la.
Qualitative terpene profiling of Cannabis varieties cultivated for medical purposes
Authors: Rocha Ernesto Diaz , Silva Vitória EA , Pereira Fernanda CS , Jean Valery M , Souza Fabio L Costa , Baratto Leopoldo Clemente , Vieira Ana CM , Carvalho Virgínia Martins
Published: July 2020

Abstract With the upcoming medical Cannabis regulation, quality control methods on raw material will be required. Besides testing for contaminants and potency, there are also pharmaceutical and forensic interests in the determination of the terpene profile in different strains of Cannabis as complementary identification methods. A simple non-destructive HS-SPME GC-MS method was used to identify the terpene content in twelve Cannabis samples, four of them were of the hemp type (Harle-tsu), seven from various marihuana types and one of the intermediate type. They all were previously analyzed by HPLC to determine the potency (THC and CBD content). Spectral library matching was used to identify the terpenes compounds. Thirty terpenes compounds were detected, nine of them were present in all Cannabis samples and used to find their terpene profile: α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, terpinolene, linalool, caryophyllene, α-bergamotene and humulene. Three of them, caryophyllene, α-pinene and β-myrcene were found as larger components in most of samples. A principal components analyses (PCA) was performed. The four hemp type samples showed two different profiles, two samples showed caryophyllene as main component and the others two with β-myrcene as such. The marihuana type samples showed wider profiles with no clear patterns at all, which is not surprising because of the low number of samples. The simple methodology shows viable to set the terpenes profile for analyses of raw Cannabis material. Suitability for differentiation between different sorts of types needs more studies, with increasing numbers of samples.
Development of a gas chromatography method for quantification of triterpenes in the commercial oleoresins from Protium species
Authors: Neves Gabrielle Pereira das , Nakamura Marcos Jun , Ramos Mônica Freiman de Souza , Siani Antonio Carlos , Mazzei José Luiz
Published: July 2020

Abstract Crude non-volatile oleoresin from Burseraceae species (breu), a non-timber forest product of the Amazon, still lacks methods for its quality control even though its pharmacological activities have been associated to the major triterpenes α-amyrin (αAA), β-amyrin, α-amyrenone, β-amyrenone and lupeol (LU). Its chemical characterization has usually been determined by gas chromatography (GC) using columns with phases of low polarity, which are ineffective in the separation of αAA and LU. The present study aimed to develop a GC method to characterize and quantify triterpenes in commercial breu with good selectivity and resolution. Columns with phases of different polarity (DB-35, DB-1701, DB-17HT and DB-Innowax) were tested, and DB-17HT separated αAA and LU without signal suppression or high retention of other constituents. This column allowed the quantification of breu triterpenes using flame ionization detection and cholesterol as a reference standard. Good similarity between the calibration curves of cholesterol and αAA was verified. Internal and external standardizations led to different (p < 0.05) quantifications, but the latter showed less deviation (RSD ≤ 3%). This work provides a reproducible GC method for the quality control of commercial breu, clearly evidencing the presence of lupeol and allowing the accurate quantification of major triterpenes.
Non-polar extracts of Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae) induce apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Musso Florencia , Pronsato Lucía , Milanesi Lorena , Vasconsuelo Andrea , Faraoni María Belén
Published: July 2020

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue tumour in children and adolescents. It originates in normal skeletal muscle from myogenic cells that have failed to fully differentiate, and it usually has a poor prognosis. Current RMS therapy has many adverse effects. Hence, new treatments are needed. Various pharmacological properties, such as analgesic, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties, have been demonstrated in species of the Solanaceae family. We performed ethanolic extraction from leaves of Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae), and the extract was successively partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. We evaluated the effects of extracts on RMS cells, and we found that the extracts trigger apoptosis. By bio-guided fractionation assays, we identified the apoptotic agents. Morphological assessment after apoptotic cell induction of cultured cells, mitochondrial and nuclear morphology by Mitotracker, and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively, were analysed in fluorescent microscopy. The capacity of the cells to migrate or proliferate was analysed by the Petit assay, followed by methylene blue staining. NMR and GC-MS spectrometry were used to identify palmitic acid and scopoletin as the phytochemicals responsible for the observed effects. These results indicate that these compounds are apoptotic inducers and they could be useful as chemotherapeutic agents against muscle tumours.
Bioactivities of essential oils from different parts of Spiranthera odoratissima (Rutaceae)
Authors: Cabral Fernando Duarte , Fernandes Cassia Cristina , Ribeiro Arthur Barcelos , Squarisi Iara Squarisi , Tavares Denise Crispim , Candido Ana Carolina Bolela Bovo , Magalhães Lizandra Guidi , Souza João Matias de , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes , Miranda Mayker Lazaro Dantas
Published: July 2020

Abstract This paper aims to investigate, for the first time, in vitro antitubercular, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of essential oils (EOs) from S. odoratissima leaves and flowers - grown in midwestern Brazil - against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and human tumor cell lines. Antimycobacterial activity of EOs was evaluated in terms of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EOs from leaves and flowers showed to be active antimicrobials against M. tuberculosis, since MIC values were 150 µg/mL and 162.5 µg/mL, respectively. Both EOs exhibited significant activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis; IC50 values (50% growth inhibition) were 14.36 ± 2.02 (EOs from leaves) and 19.89 ± 2.66 µg/mL (EOs from flowers). Antiproliferative activity in normal (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts) and tumor (MCF-7, HeLa and M059J) cell lines was performed by the XTT assay; results were expressed as IC50 (50% cell growth inhibition) and the selective index was calculated. IC50 values of EOs from leaves and flowers obtained in normal cell lines for were 502.97 ± 40.33 µg/mL and 370.60 ± 2.01 µg/mL, respectively. Antiproliferative activity was observed against human tumor cell lines, whose IC50 values were significantly lower than those obtained in normal cell lines of MCF-7 cells (367.57 ± 4.46 µg/mL-EOs from leaves and 357.70 ± 1.85 µg/mL-EOs from flowers) and M059J cells (492.53 ± 56.67 µg/mL-EOs from leaves and 324.90 ± 6.72 µg/mL-EOs from flowers), thus, indicating selectivity. These in vitro results showed that EOs from S. odoratissima may be an antimycobacterial, antiparasitic and antitumor agent.
Investigation of wound healing activity of Lafoensia pacari (Lythraceae) leaves extract cultivated in Goiás state, Brazil
Authors: Chaibub Beatriz Abdallah , Parente Leila Maria Leal , Lino Jr Ruy de Souza , Cirilo Herica Nubia Cardoso , Garcia Sandra Alves de Sousa , Nogueira João Carlos Mohn , Conceição Edemilson Cardodo da , Thomaz Douglas Vieira , Santos Suzana da Costa , Bara Maria Teresa Freitas
Published: July 2020

Abstract Lafoensia pacari has been used in traditional folk medicine in Brazilian Cerrado to treat wounds. It is important to develop studies that can clarify how the biological activity of L. pacari occurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing activity of L. pacari leaves extract in an animal model. The extract was prepared from plants cultivated in Goiania-GO, Brazil. The healing activity was assayed using cutaneous wound model in rats, and macroscopic, morphometric and histological analysis of wounds were also conducted. The presence of hydrolysable tannins was detected in thin layer chromatography and in high performance liquid chromatography analysis, may be suggested the presence of ellagitannins. In the evaluation of cutaneous wounds in rats it was possible to observe that the treatment with 10% (w/v) L. pacari extract provided a reduction in the time of cutaneous wound healing, with a significant increase in variables involved in healing, such as the number of blood vessels and collagen production. Therefore, this study shows that L. pacari wound healing potential may be related to the presence of ellagitannins and corroborates to ethnopharmacological reports regarding this plant.
Tecnologias cerâmicas no alto rio Madeira: síntese, cronologia e perspectivas
Authors: Zuse Silvana , Costa Angislaine Freitas , Pessoa Cliverson , Kipnis Renato
Published: July 2020

Resumo A análise dos atributos que caracterizam as escolhas de pasta, técnicas de confecção, morfologias, acabamentos, queima e marcas de utilização, nas cadeias operatórias de confecção e uso dos artefatos cerâmicos, permitiu identificar ao menos cinco conjuntos tecnológicos distintos no alto rio Madeira, no período entre aproximadamente 3 mil anos antes do presente e o século XVIII da nossa era. Ao apresentar uma síntese da variabilidade tecnológica, pretende-se trazer reflexões sobre as classificações, o reconhecimento de tradições locais e regionais, as continuidades e mudanças nos conjuntos e os contextos arqueológicos. Tais dados possibilitam descrever as persistências e transformações culturais na longa trajetória de ocupação da região pelos povos que produziram cerâmicas.
Aldeia circular e os correlatos da ocupação indígena na margem esquerda da Cachoeira de Santo Antônio
Authors: Pessoa Cliverson , Zuse Silvana , Costa Angislaine Freitas , Kipnis Renato , Neves Eduardo Góes
Published: July 2020

Resumo Este artigo discute a ocupação indígena de uma aldeia circular no século XV, a partir da forma de assentamento e da análise da cerâmica identificada no sítio arqueológico Novo Engenho Velho, localizado no alto rio Madeira. Esses componentes espaciais são analisados em relação aos padrões de assentamento conhecidos na Arqueologia. A análise técnico-funcional da cerâmica aponta para uma padronização na produção das vasilhas, e a variabilidade existente é atribuída às diferentes atividades e funções dos artefatos. Esses elementos têm sido pensados como correlatos dos produtores da cerâmica Jatuarana (Tradição Polícroma) e a deposição em uma aldeia circular traz implicações para os atuais modelos arqueológicos propostos para a Amazônia.
O Sambaqui do Recreio: geoarqueologia, ictioarqueologia e etnoarqueologia
Authors: Wagner Gustavo Peretti , Silva Lucas Antonio da , Hilbert Lautaro Maximiliam
Published: July 2020

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta o processo de ocupação sambaquieiro na barreira da Itapeva, contextualizando os sítios e os seus construtores na cronologia, bem como as escolhas para inserção em uma paisagem marcada pela dinâmica das transformações paleoambientais. A implantação do Sambaqui do Recreio sobre uma planície costeira em formação demonstra uma escolha cultural calcada em um modo de vida milenar que já se desenvolvia na costa sul/sudeste brasileira há quase dois mil anos. Se, por um lado, as escavações permitiram a identificação dos peixes e instrumentos de pesca na pré-história, por outro, caracterizaram a necessidade da compreensão das estratégias e dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados, alcançados apenas através de abordagem etnográfica. Os dados ictioarqueológicos sugerem uma etapa inicial de ocupação focada em espécies cuja disponibilidade possui maior previsibilidade, como tainhas (Mugil sp.) e papa-terras (Menticirrhus sp.). A partir da instalação definitiva dos sítios, as estratégias de pesca passam a um padrão mais generalista. O aproveitamento das lagoas e dos banhados fica evidente pela presença de espécies como tainhas (Mugil sp.), jundiás (Rhamdia sp.), bagres (Genidens sp.), carás (Cichlidae), corvinas (Micropogonias furnieri) e pescadas (Cynoscion sp.). Em linhas gerais, cada espécie parece indicar estratégias de pesca diferentes.
R2P and the Pluralist Norm-shapers
Authors: Ribeiro Mikelli Marzzini L. A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Responsibility to Protect (R2P) brought about new challenges for research on norms in International Relations, mainly due to the actions of emerging powers. These states have exhibited complex behaviour towards norms. Rather than classifying them as simple norm-rejecters or norm-takers, current literature on norms in International Relations has classified them as norm-shapers. In their behaviour, emerging powers seek to shape the norm from various angles. In this sense, the need arises to theoretically frame these types of engagement. This essay aims to analyse the action of normative shapers through the lens of the English School of International Relations, combined with constructivism. After presenting the norm-shapers and characterising them theoretically, a new concept is introduced, called pluralist norm-shapers.
Ambivalent Promises—Reproductions of the Subject: A Forum on Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx after 25 Years, Part IV
Authors: Mercier Thomas Clément , Chamon Paulo
Published: July 2020

Abstract Jacques Derrida delivered the basis of The Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, & the New International as a plenary address at the conference ‘Whither Marxism?’ hosted by the University of California, Riverside, in 1993. The longer book version was published in French the same year and appeared in English and Portuguese the following year. In the decade after the publication of Specters, Derrida’s analyses provoked a large critical literature and invited both consternation and celebration by figures such as Antonio Negri, Wendy Brown and Frederic Jameson. This forum seeks to stimulate new reflections on Derrida, deconstruction and Specters of Marx by considering how the futures past announced by the book have fared after an eventful quarter century. In this fourth group of contributions, Thomas Clément Mercier shows how Derrida’s book, besides questioning reception and influence, yet remains to be read, especially in light of ongoing archival research on Derrida’s engagements with Marx’s writings in seminars from the 1970s; and Paulo Chamon offers a critical assessment of Derrida’s promise of a ‘New International’ by considering how the book spooks itself in such a way as to raise serious questions in regard to sovereignty and subjectivity.
Detours and Deviations of Letter and Spirit: A Forum on Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx after 25 Years, Part VI
Authors: Tible Jean , Solis Dirce Eleonora Nigro , Shapiro Michael J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Jacques Derrida delivered the basis of The Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, & the New International as a plenary address at the conference ‘Whither Marxism?’ hosted by the University of California, Riverside, in 1993. The longer book version was published in French the same year and appeared in English and Portuguese the following year. In the decade after the publication of Specters, Derrida’s analyses provoked a large critical literature and invited both consternation and celebration by figures such as Antonio Negri, Wendy Brown and Frederic Jameson. This forum seeks to stimulate new reflections on Derrida, deconstruction and Specters of Marx by considering how the futures past announced by the book have fared after an eventful quarter century. In this sixth group of contributions, Jean Tible sketches how spectrality and phantasmagoria continue to animate recent inheritances of both Derrida’s and Marx’s texts so as to inspire novel thought-struggles; Dirce Eleonora Nigro Solis considers Derrida’s engagement with the question ‘Whither Marxism?’ as a politico-philosophical model of deviation that provokes the displacement of Marxian axioms and a renovation of Marxist and deconstructive thinking for the period of neoliberalism; finally, Michael Shapiro traces a different detour in Derrida’s thought and shows that Derrida’s deviant reading of Freud’s construction of repression opens up the past and the archive to non-official constructions of collective history.
Conflito de uso e indicadores morfométricos para a gestão de política de uso do solo
Authors: Costa Renata Cristina Araujo , Pissarra Teresa Cristina Tarlé , Caldas Anildo Monteiro , Valle Junior Renato Farias do
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho propõe indicadores ambientais de políticas públicas com base na espacialização dos parâmetros morfométricos e de conflito de uso em áreas municipais. As técnicas de geoprocessamento de imagens orbitais em sistemas de informações geográficas foram utilizadas para analisar o banco de dados dos valores de cada parâmetro morfométrico da superfície terrestre - área, perímetro, comprimento da rede de drenagem, densidade de drenagem, número de canais, frequência de rios, declividade e coeficiente de rugosidade - e elaborar os mapas temáticos de uso atual, de uso potencial e de conflito de uso do solo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e exploratória multivariada. A espacialização dos valores obtidos da caracterização morfométrica gerou indicadores físicos ambientais que possibilitaram a diferenciação de áreas. O conhecimento do sistema hidrológico dessas regiões reflete o sistema natural de drenagem em seu comprimento. O número de canais e conflito de uso indicam áreas prioritárias para gestão ambiental e políticas de uso do solo. Os parâmetros morfométricos são potenciais indicadores ambientais.
Gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos de saneamento nos Comitês das Bacias PCJ: método multicritério para hierarquização
Authors: Campos Vanessa Ribeiro , Cazarini Edson Walmir , Campos José Nilson Bezerra
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Os elevados custos e a limitação de recursos financeiros tornam essencial a priorização de projetos de saneamento. Os métodos multicritérios, para decisões individuais ou em grupo, são ferramentas modernas para hierarquizar portfólios de projetos. Há muitos métodos disponíveis na literatura técnico-científica. No Brasil, os Comitês das Bacias Hidrográficas constituem-se no ambiente para decisões descentralizadas sobre projetos nos âmbitos das bacias hidrográficas. Este artigo propôs um modelo multicritério de apoio à decisão para a priorização de um portfólio de projetos de saneamento no âmbito de um comitê de bacia. Como estudo de caso, utilizou-se um portfólio de 14 empreendimentos, objeto de um edital para aplicação de recursos financeiros do Fundo Estadual de Recursos Hídricos e/ou arrecadados pela cobrança da água bruta nas bacias dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí. Empregou-se o método Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation II com a extensão gráfica Geometric Analysis for Interactive Aid. O modelo propiciou uma análise detalhada sobre as potencialidades das alternativas. Foi possível visualizar não somente a ordenação, mas também todas as propriedades de superação de cada alternativa pelas matrizes e pelos gráficos apresentados.
The Effect of Thickness on Photocatalytic Performance in MgZnO Thin Films
Authors: KURU Mehmet
Published: July 2020

In this study, the effect of thickness of MgZnO thin films which provide high efficiency as photocatalyst under UV light on structural and photocatalytic performance was investigated. For this reason, MgZnO thin films were produced by RF/DC magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature. MgZnO thin films at different thicknesses were deposited on Si (100) substrate and samples were subsequently annealed in the oven at 400 °C for 1 hour. Structural and morphological properties of MgZnO thin films were investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Grazing Incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). All films have hexagonal-wurtzite crystal structure. Also, the crystallite size was 22.95 nm for the 400 nm film and the average crystallite size rised to 35.42 nm with increasing film thickness. The results showed that the structural properties roughness and surface morphology of the films varied depending on the thickness. Also, photocatalytic performances of MgZnO thin films at different thicknesses were measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The reaction rate constant (k) for MgZnO photocatalyst with a thickness of 800 nm was calculated as 27.86x10-2s-1. This result shows that photocatalysts of different thickness suitable with the first-order velocity law because the thin films degradation in the low concentration methylene blue (MB) solution.
On Strongly 𝝅-regular Modules
Authors: KOÇ Suat
Published: July 2020

In this article, we introduce the notion of strongly π-regular module which is a generalization of von Neumann regular module in the sense [13]. Let A be a commutative ring with 1≠0 and X a multiplication A-module. X is called a strongly π-regular module if for each x∈X, 〖(Ax)〗^m=cX=c^2 X for some c∈A and m∈N. In addition to give many properties and examples of strongly π-regular modules, we also characterize certain class of modules such as von Neumann regular modules and second modules in terms of this new class of modules. Also, we determine when the localization of any family of submodules at a prime ideal commutes with the intersection of this family.