bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limits and Possibilities of the United States Military in Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Stabilization
Authors: Neto Alcir Santos
Published: June 2020

This study probes the limits and possibilities of US military efforts to facilitate the transition from warfighting to nation-building. Most comparative studies conceive the complexity of this transition along a spectrum from conflict to humanitarian assistance to post-conflict stabilization. While the last two stages have often been interpreted as a coordinated act of civil-military ‘nation-building’; the spectrum, in fact, represents an ideal type simplification. At one level, outcomes depend on the players involved, including: sovereign nations, national militaries, international and regional institutions, UN peacekeepers, private security contractors, and non-governmental humanitarian providers, among others. On the other hand, because the number, types, and causes of case outcomes are highly diverse and contingent upon many possible factors (among them for example: political, economic, military, organizational, humanitarian, cultural, and religious), institutions like the US military face serious difficulties both planning and coordinating post-conflict scenarios. Assuming this complex backdrop, the present study offers a qualitative analysis of two recent US government reports by the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) and the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR) on US military engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq. In both cases, the US government sought to ‘nation-build’ by facilitating post-war stabilization and humanitarian assistance, detailing its genuine efforts to record both processes. While results indicate some limited successes in both cases, they also indicate a familiar pattern of uneven performance failures consistent with other cases internationally. The analysis concludes with recommendations for further research that may better control the contingencies of post-conflict management.
Factors influencing eating behavior of Benghazi University students
Authors: El-Mani Souad Farag , Mansour Reima M. , Abdessamad Amna E , Al-Abbar Etchomaly A. , Shallouf Nour , Amer Randa
Published: June 2020

Background: University students are more exposed to new individual and environmental influences. This transition period is considered as a risky life phase because it’s characterized by changing in physical and social status as well as changing in the lifestyle that will affect the eating behavior of students.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the factors influencing the eating behaviors of Benghazi University students.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for a period from January to May 2019 in Benghazi University. Samples of 300 students were requested to fill out a questionnaire. SPSS was used to analyze the data.
Results: After starting university, (64%) of students stated that they had a change in eating behavior and (59%) of participants reported unhealthy eating pattern. About (67%) of students had a sedentary lifestyle with the majority of them were having unhealthy eating patterns (P value = 0.000). According to the BMI the majority of students had normal weight (62.6%). About (80%) of student reported that the lack of time to prepare a healthy meal during study period was effective and More than half of the students reported that inaccessibility of healthy food, student’s positive emotions, poor knowledge of healthy food, and stress associated with exams period were effective. There was a statistical difference between student’s eating patterns and poor knowledge, lack of time, stress, body weight concerns, negative emotions, peer pressure, lack of parental control, mass media and social life (P value < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of students undergo a negative shift in their eating and lifestyle after starting university, and there is statistical difference between many factors and student’s eating pattern.
In-Silico structural analysis of wild-type human hemoglobin and its mutation resulting in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Nath Soumitra , Paul Nirmal , Nath Manabesh , Deb Bibhas
Published: June 2020

Background: Hemoglobin (HbA) is a metalloprotein having a heme prosthetic group, two α-globin chains, and two β-globin chains. A point mutation in the 6th position of wild-type HBB gene (GAG>GTG) substitutes Glutamic acid (E) to Valine (V) in the β-chains of hemoglobin molecule (HbS) resulting in Sickle Cell Anemia. Structural deformities in the β-globin gene leads to disruptive conformation of red blood cells, disturbs the oxygen transportation and causes functional abnormalities.
Aims and Objective: The purpose of the study was to understand the structural, genetic and metabolic effect of the point mutation on HBB gene that causes sickle cell disease.
Materials and Methods: The 3D structures of HbA and HbS proteins were retrieved from PDB and the changes in their physical properties were analyzed using Swiss PDB viewer and Molegro molecule viewer. Gene networks were constructed using GeneMANIA server to study genetic and metabolic interactions of the HBB gene.
Results: In-silico studies showed that the normal bond length between Glu6-Glu7 in HbA molecule is 1.32Å and that of HbS is 1.33Å. After comparing the two proteins, it was observed that sickle cell hemoglobin suffers a change in bond angle from 122.4º in HbA to 119.35º in HbS. Comparative energy minimization of Glu6 and Val6 in wild-type and mutant hemoglobin respectively yielded 8.78 and -9.083 KJ/mol net energy values, suggesting a more reactive HbA and less reactive HbS. Gene networks were determined on the basis of physical, genetic and co-expressive interactions of HBB gene which revealed a strong connection between HBB and HBA1 genes within the association constituted of various metabolic functions.
Conclusion: Sickle cell disease results from a sequence of events which start with a single nucleotide substitution that ultimately leads to severe anemia and other cardiovascular problems. Incorporation of computational exercises correlates to a better probability of discovering precision medicine through target site-specific drug designing.
Role of probiotics in respiratory tract diseases with special reference to COVID-19: A review
Authors: Sengupta Aditi Munmun , Chatterjee Diptendu , Ghosh Rima
Published: June 2020

According to the International Scientific Association in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations(UN) and World Health Organization (WHO), “administration of probiotics” means administration and ingestion of live microorganisms in an appropriate amount for developing good health condition in the host individual.
Probiotics are administered for building immunity against common respiratory tract  infections, including cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, and asthma. Therefore, vaccinations have been introduced to safeguard the children and the elderly from such infections. General patients improve their health when they consume appropriate amounts live microorganisms (probiotics) such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that belong to lactic acid bacteria family. Fermented foods, such as yogurt and soy, and dietary supplements are known to be rich sources of microorganisms. However, the consumption of microorganisms causes gastrointestinal symptoms as common side effects. Limited studies provide relevant information about the probiotics’ consumption; therefore, the current study aimed to increase the probiotics consumption among individuals and avoid common infections.
Matrilin-3 gene polymorphism in primary knee osteoarthritis: An Evidence based systematic review
Authors: Sharma Arun Kumar , Singh Rajbeer , Singh Devendra , Shukla Anurag , Meena Ramesh C , Goyal Divyanshu , Sharma Priyanka , Raman Uday
Published: June 2020

There have been few studies in English literature identifying the potential association and clinical significance of MATN-3 rs8176070 (SNP6) polymorphism in patients with primary knee Osteoarthritis Knee. Objective of this paper was to evaluate the association of matrilin gene-3 and primary osteoarthritis of knee through systematic review of these studies. We did an extensive literature using relevant keywords .3 eligible studies were included for systematic review. Two studies showed significant association, in which Patients with the B\b genotype had worse clinical and radiological findings than those with B\B and b\b genotype. The third study in Indian population did not find any correlation. On the basis of this systematic review we can safely suggest that there is dearth of such studies in literature therefore more of such studies with wider and larger study population shall be undertaken to find Correlation of genetic in this multifactorial disorder and possible cure.
Treatment of Tibial Avulsion Fracture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Jha Ranjib Kumar , Thapa Santosh
Published: June 2020

Background: An avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament from tibial attachment is more common in younger age group. It should be fixed otherwise it may lead to secondary changes in knee. Various techniques and approaches are available to fix posterior cruciate ligament avulsion. Different biomechanical studies have shown that, results both open and arthroscopic methods of fixation of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion by screws are comparable. The purpose of study is to evaluate functional and clinical outcome of open reduction and fixation of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion injury through posteromedial approach.

Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 19 cases of isolated posterior cruciate ligament avulsion injury with mean age of 33.21±9.07 year. All cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through modified posterior approach. The patients having duration of injury more than 12 weeks were excluded. The minimum follow up duration was 12 months. Results were assessed clinically and radiologically. Final functional outcome was assessed using the Lysholm scoring for knee.

Results: The mean duration of follow up was 14±1.85 months. All patients achieved union at 3months. At final follow up the mean range of motion was 125.42±6.37 degree (range 110 to 135 degree) without any extensor lag. The functional outcome assessed by Lysholm scoring system was excellent in 15 cases and good in 4 cases.

Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with early range of motion exercises provides good clinical outcome and stable knee.
Screening for Thalassemia in Healthy Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Das Manish Kumar , Nepal Niraj , Chaudhary Prabesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Thalassemia is a type of congenital anemia, where there is deficient synthesis of one or more type of globin subunits of normal hemoglobin. This study was undertaken with aims & objective to study the prevalence of thalassemia by comparing Red Blood Cell indices, Peripheral Blood Smear and Electrophoresis in adult volunteers.

Material and Methods: The study comprised of 518 cases attending hematological department, who were enrolled in our study after proper informed consent, of which 462 cases were further studied. All cases were subjected to blood sampling for estimation of Hemoglobin, red cell indices and peripheral blood smear. Those samples where peripheral blood smear and Red cell indices were suggestive of thalassemia were subjected to Bio-Rad High Performance Liquid Chromatography based electrophoresis to observe the presence of any abnormal hemoglobin.

Results: The mean age of screening sample was 42.91 ± 16.85 years with minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 85 years. The highest number of cases was in between 21-30 years age groups (19.5%) followed by 41-50 years (17.7%). In the study group, 299 (64.7%) cases were male and 163 (35.3%) cases were female. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.16% in males and 68.71% in females with overall prevalence of 55.41%. On electrophoresis reports, 19 cases were diagnosed with thalassemia. The only thalassemia observed was thalassemia minor. The prevalence of thalassemia was found to be 4.11%.

Conclusion: Significantly high prevalence of thalassemia minor is found in healthy population.
Meandry polityki społecznej – podatność na zmiany
Authors: Pogonowski Marek Jacek
Published: June 2020

Przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule jest obowiązek zapewnienia przez państwo bezpieczeństwa socjalnego obywatelom, w szczególności najbardziej zagrożonym i potrzebującym, bez konieczności nadmiernego obciążania pozostałej części społeczeństwa. To stworzenie wszystkim równych szans, bez podziału na grupy „uprzywilejowanych” czy „dyskryminowanych”. Kształtowanie polityki społecznej państwa odbywa się za pośrednictwem działań korygujących, polegających m.in. na wprowadzaniu zmian w przepisach prawnych. Przedstawione w artykule rozwiązania utwierdzają w przekonaniu, że zmiany przeprowadzane w sposób merytorycznie poprawny z uwzględnieniem sprawiedliwości społecznej pozwolą na uzyskanie założonych efektów.
Etiologia i konteksty polityki publicznej przeciwdziałania przemocy w rodzinie w Polsce
Authors: Zalewski Piotr
Published: June 2020

Autor analizuje strukturę polityki walki z przemocą w rodzinie w Polsce, z perspektywy historycznego rozwoju polityk publicznych przeciwdziałania przemocy domowej w Polsce oraz źródeł i przyczyn stojących za konkretnymi rozwiązaniami. Szczególną uwagę poświęca etiologii kształtowania się procesu rozszerzania ochrony praw człowieka z przestrzeni publicznej do sfery prywatnej konkretnych jednostek na świecie i w Europie, a także budowaniu społecznych (obywatelskich) i instytucjonalnych ram najważniejszych instytucji związanych z przeciwdziałaniem przemocy w rodzinie w Polsce. Przedstawia sposób formułowania orazimplementowania na gruncie krajowym elementów tworzących system przeciwdziałania przemocy. Posługuje się klasycznymi metodami analizy znanymi z zakresu wiedzy o politykach publicznych.
O sposobach finalizowania przez Jana Kochanowskiego poszczególnych segmentów własnej twórczości – nowe spojrzenie na problem tzw. architektury Fraszek
Authors: Rusnak Radosław
Published: June 2020

The article constitutes an attempt at elaborating upon a distinguishable type of text composition appearing in the parts that conclude individual books of Jan Kochanowski’s Fraszki. What is especially emphasized by the author of the article is a peculiar, in terms of convention, way of crowning the collection by two epigraphs whose character is obviously obscene: Marcinowa powieść (III 85) and O flisie (III 86). In the light of the argumentation presented, the sense of the poets’ concept implemented therein should be sought in a much dichotomous relationship between the two said fraszkas and the preceding poem Na słup kamienny (III 84), but also in the figure of achieving a defined aim, which appears in both the fraszkas. The author of the article also considers some correspondences occurring between the fraszka O flisie and the pieces Na most warszewski (II 106–108) and the elegy III 15.
Experimentum virtutis Frydrusza Herburta, poenitentia Bolesława albo o interpretowaniu utworów Mikołaja Sępa Szarzyńskiego
Authors: Wojtowicz Witold
Published: June 2020

The article undertakes to interpret two poetical pieces by Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński: Pieśń o Frydruszu and Epitaphium Boleslao Audaci, Regi Poloniae, while including considerations contained in Czesław Hernas’s Barok (along with the scholar’s other synthesis, Literatura baroku). The said texts are interpreted in the context of epic tradition and those traditions that relate to Bolesław Śmiały (Szczodry; king of Poland, Bolesław II the Bold or the Generous) and also to the impact of Boethius’s thought. Another issue analysed by the author is the method of comparing Sęp Szarzyński’s works in the both mentioned syntheses by Hernas.
Horyzont oczekiwań czytelniczych A.D. 1618 Tradycje epiki i romansów rycerskich w literaturze polskiej przed Gofredem… Tassa–Kochanowskiego
Authors: Wierzbicka-Trwoga Krystyna
Published: June 2020

The article considers circumstances contributing to the readership success of the Polish translation of The Goffredo… The author advances a thesis that the narrative poem in question met the expectations of Polish audience having been previously kindled not so much by Andrzej Kochanowski’s translation of The Aeneid, but rather by Polonized versions of mediaeval chivalric romances (Historja o cesarzu Otonie, Historia o Magielonie, Historia wdzięczna […] o Meluzynie). They gave the Polish readers their first chance to acquaint themselves with high chivalric culture, adventures of valiant knights, and their love affairs. After their publications in the 1560s, it was not until a half of century later that readers had a chance to enjoy a piece of literary work with a similar theme, that is The Goffredo… The success of the latter book was partly due to the precedence of particular literary pieces.
„Kochany Tadziku…” – listy Teodora i Eleonory Parnickich do rodziny Banasiów (prefaced and edited by Piotr Gorliński-Kucik)
Authors: Gorliński-Kucik Piotr
Published: June 2020

The letters from Teodor Parnicki, first sent during his years as an émigré in Mexico, and then from Poland, are a vocal testimony to the many years of friendship between the said novelist and Tadeusz Banaś and his family. Aside from recollections of Lviv (then Polish Lwów), where the two initiated their relationship while being in-volved in Sygnały magazine during interwar years, another valuable element of the correspondence in question is Parnicki’s translation of Valery Bryusov’s poem Cienie [Shadows], as well as (quoted by Parnicki entirely from his memory) a poem by Tadeusz Hollender Pochwała Parnickiego i filozofii jego (A Praise of Parnicki and His Philosophy). The collection is concluded by two letters written by Eleonora Parnicka, sent to the family Banaś after her husband’s death in 1988.
Szczęście w nieszczęściu. O matkach dzieci Holocaustu[dot. P. Dołowy: Wrócę, gdy będziesz spała. Rozmowy z dziećmi Holocaustu]
Authors: Grzemska Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

The article is a discussion of Patrycja Dołowy’s book which contains conver-sations with Holocaust children, the survivors of Shoah. Its main theme are relations of Jewish children with their both “biological” and “foster” mothers. The topic is a complex one, for it relates to persons confronting the Holocaust trauma, their unstable, fractured identity, and more often than not, the lack of knowledge about one’s family fates and roots. The mother in those stories eludes a unifying, common, and typical definition. The cases described in the stories of Holocaust children undermine the simplifying socio-cultural constructs relating to mothers, liquefy the binary distinctions into “biol-ogical” and “foster”, Jewish and Polish; and transform the framework of speaking about motherhood and childhood.
Dramatyczna „sytuacja liryczna”. Juliana Przybosia Z Tatr
Authors: Obremski Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

The article is an interpretative reading of a poem by Julian Przyboś entitled Z Tatr [From the Tatra Mountains]. What constitutes a starting point here are factual documents reporting the fatal accident which involved the sisters Marzena and Lida Skotnica dying on October 6, 1929 during their attempt to climb the south face of ZamarłaTurnia (in Polish part of the Tatra Mountains). The former of the two sisters was beloved by Przyboś, which to a significant extent explains why the poem in question may be interpreted as a dramatic “lyrical situation”.
O doświadczeniu obcości języka w twórczości J.M. Coetzeego. Słowo wstępne
Authors: Pawlicki Marek
Published: June 2020

The present foreword refers to the address delivered by J.M. Coetzee on the occasion of conferring upon him by the University of Silesia the doctor honoris causa degree. Particular attention is paid to his thoughts on the role of English in the world of today. The author of the foreword shows that reflection on language in general and its role in moulding one’s identity in present in the Nobel laureate’s works, including his most recent novels. Further into the foreword, the author briefly discusses text reprinted in Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne: the already mentioned address by J.M. Coetzee, the conversation with the Author, and an article devoted to his works written by Robert Kusek.
Pengaruh Kompos Mucuna bracteata Dan Azotobacter Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kadar Nitrogen Bibit Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Wahyuni Mardiana , Triani Agus , Sembiring Mariani
Published: June 2020

Through the nursery process with certain treatments can be produced quality seeds. Application of Mucuna bracteata compost and Azotobacter on growing media in polybags is one alternative that expected to increase plant growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of M. bracteata compost and Azotobacter and its combination on growth and nitrogen levels of oil palm seedlings. This research was conducted at STIPAP Medan in December 2018 - June 2019 with a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Treatment compost (K) 3 levels ie K0, K1 and K2 and Azotobacter (A) with 3 levels are A0, A1 and A2. M. bracteata treatment had a very significant effect on seedling height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. Azotobacter treatment did not significantly affect the parameters of observation, increasing levels of leaf N 13-15%. Interaction compost and Azotobacter treatment had no significant effect. The best treatment is the K2A2 of 1.2 kg of compost and 30 ml of Azotobacter each oil palm seedlings planted in the polybag.
Penerapan Pre-Sale Disclosure sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Pembeli Bentuk Bisnis “Business Opportunity Ventures” Ditinjau melalui Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Hasyyati Astrid Amidiaputri , Ilham Zulfikar Mukhammad Tismandico , Permana Artha Kadek Deddy , Rahman Arif
Published: June 2020

The form of business "Business Opportunity Ventures" that has developed in Indonesia has the same meaning as the franchise business form, but the two business forms are basically different. BO is regulated in the Business Opportunity Sales Law of 1995 by the Federal Trade Commission of the United States. Different forms of business certainly require different arrangements. This is motivated by the reason that the business forms that have not been regulated in a law are prone to fraud and injustice in the transaction process. buyers of this form of business. In this study using a normative juridical method with the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. Fraud and injustice received by BO Buyers can be done legally through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency as stipulated in the UUPK.
Implementasi Model Double Track System: Sanksi Pidana dan Tindakan sebagai Sistem Pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Sulistyawati Sri , Setiawan Iwan , Hermanto Bambang
Published: June 2020

Narcotics abuse is a danger that can destroy the next generation and hinder the development of the Indonesian nation in carrying out development in every sector of life. The narcotics problem is very much a concern of the people of Indonesia and especially the Province of North Sumatra because this province is ranked second after the Special Capital Region of Jakarta in the number of narcotics users. This research is very important in order to help the government program in order to avoid the youth of the nation's successors of narcotics users and provide a deterrent effect to the perpetrators of criminal acts of narcotics abuse. That the application of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics has set about a double track system where narcotics addicts can be punished with actions in the form of rehabilitation. But in its application the judge always imposes criminal sanctions in the form of prison for drug addicts. So that more and more drug addicts in prison. The problems discussed in this study are the implementation of the double track system model, criminal sanctions and actions as a criminal system for the perpetrators of narcotics abuse crimes in Langkat Class II Penitentiary, whether this double track system can be implemented and whatever is an obstacle in the implementation of this double track system, by using the socio-legal research approach. Conclusions from the results of the study up to now the criminal system that was handed down in the Langkat District Court against narcotics criminals still used a single track system, so that all prisoners who served their sentences in Class II A Narcotics Lap Langkat were sentenced in the form of imprisonment.
Penerapan Pidana terhadap Korporasi sebagai Pelaku Kejahatan dalam Perlindungan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) Buruh di Indonesia
Authors: Malau Parningotan
Published: June 2020

Corporate crime in protecting K3 workers/laborers in the workplace is very structured. The corporation is always profit-oriented as much as possible without regard to social aspects. This situation makes it easy for corporations to disobey the applicable laws and regulations. This study aims to determine the application of criminal offenses for corporate offenders if negligent in providing protection of health, work safety for workers. The research method used in this study is normative research. The analysis technique used is qualitative analysis with the support of secondary data in the form of a Law document. The results showed that the application of criminal acts against corporate perpetrators who violated the Manpower Act in particular OHS was not optimal and was not yet effective. This finding is proven by the absence of protection from work accident cases because the Occupational Health Safety Act (OHS Law) is still dysfunctional and cannot be enforced (dysfunctional and non-enforceable). In connection with that, all cases of work accident cases do not use OHS Law as the basis for the indictment, the basis for prosecution, or the basis for a criminal prosecution, but instead, use the articles in KUHP and other special laws outside the unusual KUHP
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Mie Kuning Basah dengan Menggunakan Bahan Formalin (Putusan Nomor 2796/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Mdn)
Authors: Wilbert Wilbert , Wau Krisdayanti , Chelsia Venessa
Published: June 2020

The practice of trading yellow noodles is often done by numerous irresponsible sellers because one of the chemicals they use as preservative is a very harmful substance, which is formalin. If consumed, formalin may cause allergy, cancer, stomach irritation, blood vomiting, and also death. Despite the fact that formalin is forbidden to be added in any kind of food products, it is still commonly found and being used by producers to ensure their goods last longer, stay fresh and can be sold with cheap prices. In this case, sellers or producers are more profit oriented and set aside customer’s health or safety. By using normative juridical research method, the writers intend to find out the liability which traders are held for selling formalin-preserved yellow noodles. In addition, legal protection to the victims who consumed it should be taken into account. National Agency of Drug and Food Control also have role in watching over and supervising food products that contain formalin.  Criminal offenders will be given sanction as they have violated Consumer Protection Law. The result of this research shows that the traders are fined as much as Rp 2.000.000 (two million rupiah) for breaking Consumer’s Law Constitution Number 8 Year 1999 article 62 paragraph (1) and article 8 paragraph (1).
Przezwyciężanie kryzysu w procesie integracji europejskiej poprzez zmiany regulacji dotyczących udziału obywateli UE w podejmowaniu i realizacji decyzji
Authors: Witkowska Marta
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of citizen participation-enabling mechanisms in the EU decision-making process on the legitimacy of the Union. The inquiry measures and categorises participation in the EU, utilising the analytic instruments developed in existing theoretical approaches. The research problem is the evaluation of conditions created in the EU for active participation in the public life for their potential of overcoming the crisis in the European integration process. The aim of the study has been accomplished in two stages. First, the legislative process in the EU has been presented, with law-making and implementation phases distinguished. Second, the different kinds of participation in the EU have been categorised and their intensity described. The categorisation is adapted from the distinction made by W. Tegtmeier. The author is testing the hypothesis that the multitude of modes of engaging citizens in the decision making process in the EU confirms the Union’s legitimacy. She concludes that citizen participation in the decision-making at the EU level could potentially positively contribute to the process of overcoming the crisis of democracy in the EU.
Prawne i instytucjonalne podstawy polityki informacyjnej Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Jas-Koziarkiewicz Marta
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to present the legal regulations that have determined the framework of the European Union’s information policy at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The article will also present the entities which implement this policy. The analysis intends to find answers to the following questions: how can we define information policy, and further, the information policy of the European Union? which legal regulations determine the framework of the EU information policy and how did the policy develop? which entities stand behind the policy? what methods and tools were deemed useful for implementing the policy? Finding the answers to these questions will allow us to validate the hypothesis that the realisation of the European Union’s information policy in the last decade of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century is based on a strategy defined in legal acts and that the number of objectives, methods and tools, and the entities authorised to implement the policy has been growing in the succeeding regulations.In order to answer the questions defined in such way and for the sake of the hypothesis, the following methodologies were applied: historical method, legal and institutional analysis, and document analysis.
Kto jedzie na gapę? Napięcie aksjologiczne pomiędzy solidaryzmem a neoliberalizmem w Unii Europejskiej doby kryzysu
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: June 2020

The economic crisis of 2008 made economic weaknesses of the member states of the European Union evident. It also impacted the perception of values which hold its states and societies together. It is the aim of this paper to analyse the axological tension between solidarity and neoliberalism surfaced by the economic crisis. Different axiological perspectives based on the two ideologies present beneficiaries and cost bearers of the crisis as free riders. A philosophical reflection on the background and opportunities of overcoming this tension is important as its continuation may limit the integrative processes.
Struktura organizacyjna instytucji unijnych – analiza efektywności w dobie kryzysu
Authors: Szymańska Jolanta
Published: June 2020

The economic crisis showed the weaknesses of the institutional system of the European Union, raising questions about its shape. The article aims to determine whether internal structures of the EU institutions and their modes of operation are chances or barriers for effective treaty implementation and the ability of institutions to face unexpected, difficult situations. The article focuses both on the formal structure of the institutions and their human resources. The article aims to conclude if the crisis may give impetus to a significant improvement in the EU institutional system.
Kryzysy w procesie integracji europejskiej i sposoby ich przezwyciężania –wprowadzenie do problematyki badań
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Konstanty A. , Nadolska Jadwiga , Czub Jarosław F.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the assumptions of the interdisciplinary research project, whose object of analysis are crises in the European integration process. The project distinguishes 12 planes of analysis of the crises, revealing their different aspects (crises in the integration process from a theoretical perspective, crises in the process of European integration from a historical perspective, axiological crisis, crisis of legitimacy, crisis of the model of democracy in Europe, crisis of the modernisation of the EU, financial and economic crisis, social crisis, structural crisis, crisis of communication, Poland and the crises in the EU, EU in the international arena during crisis). The article discusses the objectives and research hypothesis, significance of the project and the expected results of the project. For each module of the project, theories explaining the origin, nature, consequences and ways of overcoming the crisis phenomena were distinguished and the research methods by which research goals are planned to be achieved were specified.
The ODS from Klaus to Nečas: British inspirations as a matter of identity, ideology and image
Authors: Koubek Jiří
Published: June 2020

Over last decades, and quite in line with an almost global trend, the Czech party system has been undergoing a shift towards more fragmentation, increasing voter volatility, decreasing party stability, erosion of party-society linkages and ever more personalised politics. As a part of this, ideologies have become vaguer and shallower. The Civic Democratic Party (Občanská demokratická strana, ODS) has probably been the most successful right wing political party in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. This paper attempts to identify the British inspirations over the various stages of the ODS’s development and follow the changing interplay in the “triple i” triangle of ideology-identity-image.
Współpraca międzyparlamentarna w świetle art. 13. Traktatu o stabilności, koordynacji i zarządzaniu w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej
Authors: Woźnicki Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The article presents the most important changes which were made to the EU inter-parliamentary cooperation by article 13 of the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (so-called Fiscal Compact). Author analyses the decision made by the Conference of Speakers of the EU Parliaments in April 2013 in Nicosia establishing the new conference under article 13 of the Treaty and presents conclusions from the first two years of the functioning of the conference. In particular, the author refers to the relations between national parliaments and European Parliament in the context of the creation of this new inter-parliamentary body.
Außenpolitik Deutschlands aus der Perspektive der Geo-Ökonomie
Authors: Ulatowski Rafał
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to assess how far the German foreign policy follows the principles of the theory of geo-economy. The paper has the following structure. First, the theory of geo-economy will be presented. Second, the characteristics of three debates relating to the German foreign policy will be pointed out. Third, German policy during the Euro crisis will be analysed. Fourth, the development of the relations between Germany and the new powers will be assessed. This paper supports the thesis that geo-economic strategy is beneficial for Germany.
Wpływ uwarunkowań systemu politycznego UE na charakter zmiany w procesie integracji europejskiej
Authors: Wierzchowska Anna
Published: June 2020

Artykuł porusza problem natury zmiany, jaka dokonuje się w procesie integracji europejskiej. Punktem wyjścia jest założenie, iż zmiana jest naturalnym zjawiskiem w procesie rozwoju przedsięwzięcia integracyjnego, jak również to, iż w UE przebiega ona w sposób wyróżniający się. Można wprawdzie uznać, że UE realizuje modernizacyjny charakter zmiany, jednak tylko wówczas, gdy zastosujemy mniej restrykcyjne rozumienie samej modernizacji. To, w jaki sposób UE przechodzi przez kolejne stadia swojego rozwoju, jest odzwierciedleniem złożoności jej systemu, charakteru powiązań pomiędzy poszczególnymi uczestnikami oraz oddziaływań zewnętrznych. W szczególności wielopoziomowość systemu politycznego i wynikająca z tego konfliktowość wpływają na to, jak zmienia się UE. Liczne sytuacje kryzysowe pojawiające się w procesie integracji europejskiej zmuszają decydentów do modyfikacji w zakresie planowanych kierunków rozwoju i kierowania się bardziej pragmatycznymi niż długofalowymi przesłankami w proponowaniu nowych rozwiązań. Ten właśnie styl rozwoju integracji, polegający na częstym stosowaniu rozwiązań ad hoc, wydaje się cechą charakterystyczną procesu zmian w UE. W miejsce częstszego kierowania się normatywnymi uwarunkowaniami rozwoju, UE stosuje rozwiązania praktyczne.
Parenthood is a fiduciary relationship
Authors: Smith Lionel
Published: June 2020

Canadian courts have held that parents stand in a fiduciary relationship with their children. Some commentators take the view that this is an inappropriate and unwarranted extension of a set of concepts that were originally elaborated in the context of the management of property rights and other pecuniary interests. The goal of this article is to assess the characterization of parents as fiduciaries in the light of recent scholarship on fiduciary law. I argue that, while there are significant differences between the parent-child context and more established fiduciary categories, the characterization of the parent as a fiduciary toward his or her child nonetheless captures a central – indeed, a defining – element of the parent-child relationship, which is also a characteristic element of all established fiduciary relationships: namely, the possession of legal powers that are held in a managerial or other-regarding capacity for the benefit of another person. Every aspect of the traditional property-based fiduciary relationship finds its counterpart in the juridical relationship between a parent and his or her minor child. The ability of a parent to take account of his or her own interests in relation to some exercises of the parent’s decision-making powers is also found in many established fiduciary relationships. The recognition of parenthood as a fiduciary relationship leads to a better understanding of fiduciary relationships because it clarifies how such relationships are constituted, and it clarifies that they extend to any situation where one person is empowered and authorized to look after the interests of another, whether those interests be financial or entirely personal.
Study of Mechanical and Moisture Absorption Behavior of Epoxy/Cloisite-15A Nanocomposites Processed Using Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Angadi G. , Murthy H. N. N. , Sridhar R. , Firdosh S. , Roopa T. S.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the effect of process parameters of twin screw extruder and addition of Cloisite-15A on mechanical, thermal and moisture barrier properties of epoxy/Cloisite-15A nanocomposites. Four lobed kneading blocks were used the in shearing zone of the extruder, based on their effectiveness in dispersing nanofillers in epoxy. Screw speeds from 100 min−1 to 400 min−1, number of passes up to 15, temperature from 5°C to 80°C and Cloisite-15A contents from 1 wt.% to 2.5 wt.% were considered for designing the L12 Orthogonal Array. Improvements in tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and moisture diffusivity in the nanocomposites were 11.89%, 20.06%, 27.73%, 37.26%, 25.48% and 56.22% respectively, when compared to neat epoxy. The improvements were achieved for screw speed of 400 min–1, 5 passes through the extruder, processing temperature of 5°C and 2 wt.% of Cloisite-15A. Dispersion of Cloisite-15A in epoxy was studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. Thermal stability and moisture barrier properties were superior in the nanocomposites.
Fabrication of Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) Nanofibers Using DMAC Solvent: Effect of Molecular Weight, Optimization by Taguchi DoE
Authors: Borjak S. Khanzadeh , Rafee R. , Valipour M. S.
Published: June 2020

This study experimentally investigated the effect of different molecular weights of Poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) on electrospinning ability of PVAc/DMAC sol-gels. The influences of polymer solution concentration and electrospinning process parameters (needle tip to collector distance, flow rate, and applied voltage) on the mean diameters of electrospun PVAc nanofibers were examined by design of the experiments based on the Taguchi method. Three levels were considered for each process factor as inputs for the Taguchi DoE technique. To characterize and optimize the mentioned parameters, Taguchi's L9 orthogonal design (four parameters, three levels) was used. The “smaller-the-better” approach was used to utilize the optimum production conditions based on the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. The results indicated that the polymer solution concentration was the most important parameter on the mean diameter of the nanofibers. The minimum nanofiber diameter at the optimum conditions was measured about 52 nm. In conclusion, the Taguchi DoE method was identified as an efficient technique to characterize and optimize the electrospinning process parameters to increase the robustness of nanofiber fabrication.
Editorial. Meta-investigación en comunicación: antecedentes, efectos y retos de una investigación y gobernanza estandarizada
Authors: Goyanes Manuel
Published: June 2020

Meta-research in communication has extensively documented the main patterns of scientific production, yet scant attention has been paid to the governance structure that underpins, legitimates, and stimulates the current scientific paradigm: journals’ editorial boards. This essay examines the relevance of editorial boards in communication and illustrates their potential productive effects. Specifically, this editorial article initiates a research program aiming at better understanding the inequalities in editorial boards and their direct and indirect effects at the level of research production, outlining the main theories for their examination. Finally, based on this thematic summary, the essay offers suggestions on how to move forward and identify some of the main challenges and gaps in this promising area of inquiry.

Resumen
Históricamente, la meta-investigación en comunicación tanto en España como internacional se ha focalizado en la presión de producción (autores), examinando detalladamente los patrones de creación científica. Muy limitados han sido sin embargo los esfuerzos orientados a problematizar el modelo de creación de oferta y, más concretamente, el sistema de gobernanza que sustenta, legitima y estimula el paradigma de producción tal cual se presenta: los comités científicos. En este ensayo se razona sobre la relevancia de los consejos editoriales en comunicación y se revisan sus efectos. Específicamente, este artículo editorial inicia y delinea un programa de investigación con el que comprender mejor las desigualdades y oposiciones de la gobernanza académica y sus efectos directos e indirectos en la producción científica, describiendo las teorías más destacadas para su examen. Finalmente, se plantean los retos del futuro de la meta-investigación en comunicación en España e internacional.
Food Design and Film Art in the Preservation of Ethnic Culture
Authors: Kukenkov Valeri Ignatevich
Published: June 2020

The author outlines that the study of food design and film art as part of the country's ethnic culture examines the preservation and development of traditions and interethnic ties. Given that folk traditions have a peculiarity to develop, being in constant search of new solutions, taking into account the emergence of new materials, technologies and information tools, an idea to combine the potential of film art and food design in research has started up. It is noted that the search for analogues of the issue studied has no positive effect.
The purpose of the study is a theoretical justification for the possibility of using different art forms as tools to unlock the possibilities and diversity of the art of food and filmmaking.
Based on the study of various sources, it has been found that the topic of preserving the ethnic cultures of Russia is relevant and new, due to the unusual combination of the art of food and filmmaking.
Hypothesis. It is suggested that the preservation and development of the country's ethnic cultures and intercultural ties is possible if best practices and achievements of food design as an essential part of people's culture will be applied while modelling different forms and spaces in film art.
Results. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the hypothesis put forward has historical evidence in the works of such scientists as: Kostomarov N.I., Orlovskaya A.V. and Pokhlebkin V.V. Based on their experience and knowledge the following is possible: formation of new approaches, serch for new solutions and development of new forms and spaces, using advances in food design, film art and people's culture.
Methods of Composing and Conducting an Interactive Ethnographic Excursion in the Museum of an Educational Institution
Authors: Kulikova Irina Gennadevna , Akhmadullin Fanis Renatovich
Published: June 2020

The methodological techniques for conducting an interactive ethnographic excursion in the museum of the educational institution are reviewed in the article. It has been hypothesized that the introduction of elements of interactivity and immersivity into the structure of an ethnographic excursion will allow for a stronger and deeper learning of the material of the excursion. In order to confirm the hypothesis, an analysis of theoretical material on the topic of the study was carried out, a modern view of the museum of the educational institution as an object for transmitting cultural experience, as a guardian of historical memory was revealed.
Methods. The research was carried out using the following methods: analysis of theoretical material, survey of participants of the museum and pedagogical process in order to identify the most effective methods of functioning of the museum, modeling, involving organization of various formats of activity of the museum of the educational institution, as well as methods of empirical level – observation, description, experiment.
The results of the study, given in the work, confirmed that unlike the traditional excursion, which involves passive participation of students, interactive excursions allow to involve students in active interaction with the guide, motivate them to “independent” study and consideration of exhibits of the museum. The survey of participants of the museum and pedagogical process confirmed that emotional immersion in the material of the excursion contributes to its better learning and memorization.