bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of biosensor accuracy using an interference index detection system to minimize the interference effects caused by icterus and hemolysis in blood samples
Authors: Park Sungha
Published: July 2019

An IID system was developed to improve the measurement accuracy of biosensors used in clinical applications by removing the optical characteristics of interference caused by icterus and hemolysis in blood samples.
A simple and effective strategy based on sodium gallate-exfoliated graphene for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of guaiacol and vanillin
Authors: Li Chenchen , Fu Ju , Tan Xiaohong , Song Xinjian , Li Qunfang
Published: July 2019

A highly sensitive graphene-based sensor for the simultaneous determination of guaiacol and vanillin was constructed simply and effectively.
A novel highly selective fluorescent probe for imaging of cysteine both in living cells and zebrafish
Authors: Wang Li , Ren Mingguang , Li Zihong , Dai Lixuan , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2019

We have developed a novel fluorescent probe (PI-Cys) for imaging cysteine in living cells and zebrafish. Fluorescence imaging shows that it can be used as an endogenous Cys probe and can even detect cysteine in zebrafish.
Lead analysis in paints for high impact control in homes
Authors: Ansín Andrés , Galietta Giovanni , Botasini Santiago , Méndez Eduardo
Published: July 2019

Only samples that tested positive for lead by the dust wipe method (DWM) were accurately measured by the electrochemical method (EChem) and identified by FTIR.
Ru-Coated metal–organic framework-derived Co-based particles embedded in porous N-doped carbon nanocubes as a catalytic cathode for a Li–O2 battery
Authors: Li Dongdong , Qi Haocheng , Zhao Huiming , Ding Ling , Zhang Zhaoxiang , Guo Ziyang
Published: July 2019

Ru-Co4N/Co-NC is prepared and used as a cathode for a Li–O2 battery, which shows high-capacity, low overpotential and long cycle-life.
A square antiprism dysprosium single-ion magnet with an energy barrier over 900 K
Authors: Bala Sukhen , Huang Guo-Zhang , Ruan Ze-Yu , Wu Si-Guo , Liu Yang , Wang Long-Fei , Liu Jun-Liang , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: July 2019

A stable and high-performance molecule displays a reversal barrier >900 K, which is the highest among square antiprismatic dysprosium single-ion magnets.
Formation and stability of well-crystallized metastable octacalcium phosphate at high temperature by regulating the reaction environment with carbamide
Authors: Shi Haishan , Zhang Jing , Ye Xiaoling , Wu Tingting , Yu Tao , Ye Jiandong
Published: July 2019

The formation and stability of pure well-crystallized metastable OCP were regulated under carbamide-mediated reaction conditions through the co-existing conversion mechanisms.
Biomimetic assembly of multilevel hydroxyapatite using bacterial cellulose hydrogel as a reactor
Authors: Liu Xun , Li Kangxin , Wu Chaoqun , Li Zhaoqian , Wu Bo , Duan Xiaohui , Zhou Yong , Pei Chonghua
Published: July 2019

Bacterial cellulose hydrogel is used as a reactor to construct a multilevel structure of HA.
Methanol oxidation on the Pt(321) surface: a theoretical approach on the role of surface morphology and surface coverage effects
Authors: Tomaschun Gabriele , Klüner Thorsten
Published: July 2019

We investigated methanol oxidation, decomposition and carbonylation reactions on a high indexed Pt(321) surface.
Two-dimensional semiconductor transition metal based chalcogenide based heterostructures for water splitting applications
Authors: Sumesh C. K. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: July 2019

Recent research and development is focused in an intensive manner to increase the efficiency of solar energy conversion into electrical energy via photovoltaics and photo-electrochemical reactions.
Three-in-one is really better: exploring the sensing and adsorption properties in a newly designed metal–organic system incorporating a copper(ii) ion
Authors: Khan M. Shahnawaz , Khalid Mohd , Ahmad M. Shahwaz , Shahid M. , Ahmad Musheer
Published: July 2019

A new Cu(ii) material is designed as excellent sensor for nitrobenzene and ferric ions and a good adsorbent for organic dyes.
Water disinfection using Ag nanoparticle–CuO nanowire co-modified 3D copper foam nanocomposites in high flow under low voltages
Authors: Yue Longfei , Chen Shougang , Wang Shuting , Wang Caiyu , Hao Xiangping , Cheng Y. Frank
Published: July 2019

The antibacterial mechanism of Ag NP–CuO NWs in high flow through the synergy of electroporation and ROS assisted sterilization.
Factors contributing to variability of glycan microarray binding profiles
Authors: Temme J. Sebastian , Campbell Christopher T. , Gildersleeve Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2019

Glycan density and linker composition significantly influence binding on glycan microarrays.
Fatty acid bioaccessibility and structural breakdown fromin vitrodigestion of almond particles
Authors: Swackhamer Clay , Zhang Zhichao , Taha Ameer Y. , Bornhorst Gail M.
Published: July 2019

In vitrogastric digestion of almond particles using a model with simulated peristaltic contractions resulted in particle size reduction and higher fatty acid bioaccessibility thanin vitrodigestion using a model that lacked peristaltic contractions.
Starch and β-glucan in a whole-grain-like structural form improve hepatic insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Luo Kaiyun , Wang Xufeng , Zhang Genyi
Published: July 2019

WGLSF improves hepatic insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice.
Predictive deep learning models for environmental properties: the direct calculation of octanol–water partition coefficients from molecular graphs
Authors: Wang Zihao , Su Yang , Shen Weifeng , Jin Saimeng , Clark James H. , Ren Jingzheng , Zhang Xiangping
Published: July 2019

A deep learning approach coupling the Tree-LSTM network and back-propagation neural network for predicting the octanol–water partition coefficient.
Copper and iron metabolism in Ostreococcus tauri – the role of phytotransferrin, plastocyanin and a chloroplast copper-transporting ATPase
Authors: Scheiber Ivo Florin , Pilátová Jana , Malych Ronald , Kotabova Eva , Krijt Matyáš , Vyoral Daniel , Mach Jan , Léger Thibaut , Camadro Jean-Michel , Prášil Ondřej , Lesuisse Emmanuel , Sutak Robert
Published: July 2019

Iron and copper are essential elements for practically all living organisms. Their metabolism is frequently interconnected, and while copper is relatively abundant in the ocean, iron is often a limiting factor for the growth of many marine microorganisms. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the metabolisms of copper and iron and the connection of both in the marine picoalga Ostreococcus tauri. We show that O. tauri adjusts its copper economy in response to copper deficiency by downregulation of the expression of plastocyanin in favor of cytochrome c oxidase without significant changes in growth and physiology. Copper deprivation leads to increased expression of copper transporting ATPase and proteins involved in tetrapyrrole synthesis, most likely to ensure higher turnover of chlorophyll and/or heme. Elucidation of the effect of copper on the incorporation of iron into O. tauri proteins led us to identify the major iron uptake mediating protein, Ot-Fea1, whose expression and binding of iron is copper dependent. Based on our investigation of the incorporation of iron into Ot-Fea1 and ferritin, we hypothesize that O. tauri possesses another Fea1-independent iron uptake system.
Growth of extended DNTT fibers on metal substrates by suppression of step-induced nucleation
Authors: Dreher Maximilian , Kang Dayeon , Breuer Tobias , Witte Gregor
Published: July 2019

Defect mediated nucleation upon organic film growth is effectively suppressed by initial oxygen saturating of surface steps yielding extended and epitaxially aligned crystalline fibers, that are of interest for optoelectronic devices.
Ambipolar and n/p-type conduction enhancement of two-dimensional materials by surface charge transfer doping
Authors: Fan Shuangqing , Tang Xiaodong , Zhang Daihua , Hu Xiaodong , Liu Jing , Yang Lijun , Su Jie
Published: July 2019

Through the surface functionalization of TPB, TTB and BCF, ambipolar, n and p-type doping is performed on seven 2D materials.
Hypervalent iodine reactions utilized in carbon–carbon bond formations
Authors: Hyatt I. F. Dempsey , Dave Loma , David Navindra , Kaur Kirandeep , Medard Marly , Mowdawalla Cyrus
Published: July 2019

This review covers recent developments of hypervalent iodine chemistry in dearomatizations, radicals, hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution, arylations, photoredox, and more.
Inorganic/organic hybrid magnetic polymers based on POSS and pyridinium FeCl4: the effect of self-assembly
Authors: Xia Zhengyi , Yu Xiaoliang , Zhang Tongzhou , Yuan Xiaoyan , Ren Lixia
Published: July 2019

The inorganic/organic hybrid POSS-P4VP[FeCl4] self-assembled into spheres with POSS aggregates as the core and P4VP[FeCl4] as the shell. Its magnetic susceptibility was affected by self-assembly and molecular weight.
The fabrication of hybrid micelles with enhanced permeability for drug delivery via a diethoxymethylsilyl-based crosslinking strategy
Authors: Zhang Xianshuo , Liu Fangjun , Li Xiaochen , Tian Yunfei , Ma Liwei , Yu Cuiyun , Wei Hua
Published: July 2019

A novel reducible silica monomer, DESSPMA with diethoxysilyl groups for in situ crosslinking to give a lower crosslinking density and greater permeability than the triethoxysilyl-based TESSPMA was developed to realize enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
Crystal structure of a DNA duplex cross-linked by 6-thioguanine–6-thioguanine disulfides: reversible formation and cleavage catalyzed by Cu(ii) ions and glutathione
Authors: Ono Akira , Atsugi Takahiro , Goto Misato , Saneyoshi Hisao , Tomori Takahito , Seio Kohji , Dairaku Takenori , Kondo Jiro
Published: July 2019

The crystal structure of a DNA duplex cross-linked by 6-thioguanine–6-thioguanine disulfides has been solved.
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for temperature measurements in catalyst supports with an axial gas flow
Authors: Mirdrikvand Mojtaba , Ridder Harm , Thöming Jorg , Dreher Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

In situthermometry of catalytic gas phase reactions allows to determine temperature profiles in catalyst beds. Diffusion weighted MRI is proposed as an alternative method for temperature measurements using capillaries filled with different liquids.
A colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for the detection of both fluoride ions and trifluoroacetic acid based on acylhydrazone derivatives
Authors: Chen Yilin , Bai Binglian , Chai Qing , Zhang Mingang , Wei Jue , Wang Haitao , Li Min
Published: July 2019

An acylhydrazone-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor (PAH-8) for the detection of F− and TFA/TEA has been studied. PAH-8 solution and organogel are highly selective and sensitive to F− among various tested anions in DMSO.
Suppressing detrimental phase transitions via tungsten doping of LiNiO2 cathode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ryu Hoon-Hee , Park Geon-Tae , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: July 2019

W doping alleviates the structural stress associated with the repetitive phase transition, markedly improving cycling performance.
Antibiotic-triggered reversible luminescence switching in amine-grafted mixed-linker MOF: exceptional turn-on and ultrafast nanomolar detection of sulfadiazine and adenosine monophosphate with molecular keypad lock functionality
Authors: Goswami Ranadip , Mandal Shyama Charan , Seal Nilanjan , Pathak Biswarup , Neogi Subhadip
Published: July 2019

Mixed-linker CSMCRI-2 demonstrates the turn-on and nanomolar detection of antibiotics and biophosphates with antibiotic-triggered reversible fluorescence switching and keypad lock function.
Serum biomolecules unable to compete with drug refilling into cyclodextrin polymers regardless of the form
Authors: Rohner Nathan A. , Dogan Alan B. , Robida Olivia A. , von Recum Horst A.
Published: July 2019

Competition from albumin and cholesterol which may bind cyclodextrin polymers is explored for the effect on drug filling efficiency.
Direct observation of reverse intersystem crossing from fully confined triplet exciplexes using magneto-electroluminescence
Authors: Zhao Xi , Tang Xiantong , Pan Ruiheng , Xu Jing , Qu Fenlan , Xiong Zuhong
Published: July 2019

Magneto-electroluminescence was used to observe reverse intersystem crossing in exciplex-based organic light-emitting diodes directly.
Highly sensitive detection of subtle movement using a flexible strain sensor from helically wrapped carbon yarns
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhou Hua , Niu Haitao , Shao Hao , Wang Hongxia , Pan Zhijuan , Lin Tong
Published: July 2019

A carbon fiber yarn with a helical wrapping structure could be used as a transducer to detect both subtle and larger movements.
Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold Test
Authors: Mendel Lisa Lucks , Pousson Monique , Bass Johnnie K. , Lunsford Rachel E. , McNiece Caleb
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to construct a recorded speech recognition threshold (SRT) test for Spanish-speaking children utilizing a picture board and a picture-pointing task.

Design

The Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold (SPSRT) test was developed and validated in this study. Test construction steps included (a) stimulus selection, (b) assessment of familiarity, (c) digital recording, (d) creation of pictures that accurately depicted the target word from the stimulus set, and (e) validation of the test and recordings. SRTs were obtained from 24 Spanish-speaking children whose 1st language was Spanish.

Results

Normative data are presented that validate the SPSRT and establish the baseline relationship between the pure-tone average and the SRT obtained with the SPSRT. Results indicated that the SPSRT obtained using this test should be within 2–12 dB of an individual's pure-tone average for Spanish-speaking children with normal hearing and minimal hearing loss.

Conclusions

The SPSRT was developed and validated as a picture-pointing Spanish SRT test to be used with Spanish-speaking children. The 2-channel recording contains an English translation track, making this test easy to administer and interpret for clinicians without knowledge of Spanish.
Exponential stability of dual flexible arms for grasping and orientation control
Authors: Endo Takahiro , Umemoto Kazuki , Matsuno Fumitoshi
Published: July 2019

The stability of two one‐link flexible arms for grasping and orientation control of an object is studied. Flexible arms are modelled by Euler–Bernoulli beam model and the overall system is represented by a hybrid partial differential equation (PDE)–ordinary differential equation (ODE) model. The authors' primary concern is the stability analysis of this hybrid PDE–ODE model. In particular, they use the frequency domain method and prove the exponential stability of this system under their previously proposed boundary controller. In addition, they discuss the robustness of the closed‐loop system with respect to the several disturbances including disturbances distributed over the arms and disturbances acting at boundaries. Finally, simulation results are presented to investigate the theoretical results.
Self-gravitating disks in binary systems: an SPH approach
Authors: Pinto L. D. , Capuzzo-Dolcetta R. , Magni G.
Published: July 2019

The study of the stability of massive gaseous disks around a star in a nonisolated context is a difficult task and becomes even more complicated for disks that are hosted by binary systems. The role of self-gravity is thought to be significant when the ratio of the disk-to-star mass is non-negligible. To solve these problems, we implemented, tested, and applied our own smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm. The code (named GaSPH) passed various quality tests and shows good performances, and it can therefore be reliably applied to the study of disks around stars when self-gravity needs to be accounted for. We here introduce and describe the algorithm, including some performance and stability tests. This paper is the first part of a series of studies in which self-gravitating disks in binary systems are let evolve in larger environments such as open clusters.
Adaptive elliptical aperture photometry: A software package for high-cadence ground-based photometry
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Holdsworth Daniel L.
Published: July 2019

Context.Modern space telescopes are currently providing high-precision light curves for a large fraction of the sky, such that many new variable stars are being discovered. However, some stars have periodic variability with periods on the order of minutes and require high-cadence photometry to probe the physical mechanisms responsible. A cadence of less than a minute is often required to remove Nyquist ambiguities and confirm rapid variability, which forces observers to obtain high-cadence ground-based photometry.

Aims.We aim to provide a modern software package to reduce ground-based photometric time series data and deliver optimised (differential) light curves. To produce high-quality light curves, which maximise the amplitude signal-to-noise ratio of short-period variability in a Fourier spectrum, we require adaptive elliptical aperture photometry as this represents a significant advantage compared to aperture photometry using circular apertures of fixed radii.

Methods.The methodology of our code and its advantages are demonstrated using high-cadence ground-based photometry from the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) of a confirmed rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star. Furthermore, we employed our software package to search for rapid oscillations in three candidate roAp stars.

Results.We demonstrate that our pipeline represents a significant improvement in the quality of light curves, and we make it available to the community for use with different instruments and observatories. We search for and demonstrate the lack of high-frequency roAp pulsations to a limit of ∼1 mmag usingBdata in the three Ap stars HD 158596, HD 166542, and HD 181810.

Conclusions.We demonstrate the significant improvement in the extraction of short-period variability caused by high-frequency pulsation modes, and discuss the implication of null detections in three Ap stars.
Buergers Test/Pole Test: simple clinical tests to screen the arterial perfusion before compression therapy
Authors: Eder Stephan , Dissemond Joachim , Vanscheidt Wolfgang , Läuchli Severin , Partsch Hugo , Stücker Markus
Published: July 2019

Before starting compression therapy further diagnostics of an advanced suspected peripheral arterial occlusive disease are essential. Therefore Buergers test and Pole test are validated simple clinical tests to screen the arterial perfusion.
Comparison of tissue and molecular yield between fine-needle biopsy (FNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA): a randomized study
Authors: Asokkumar Ravishankar , Yung Ka Chin , Loh Tracy , Kah Ling Lim , Gek San Tan , Ying Hao , Tan Damien , Khor Christopher , Lim Tony , Soetikno Roy
Published: July 2019

Background and study aims Recently, a new Franseen design endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needle was developed with the goal of providing more tissue for histology. We compared the tissue adequacy rate and nucleic acid yield of 22G EUS-FNB vs. 22G endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), in solid gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal lesions.

Patients and methods We conducted a randomized crossover study and recruited 36 patients. We performed three passes for pancreatic lesions and two passes for other lesions, using each needle. We blinded the pathologist to needle assignment. We assessed the diagnostic tissue adequacy rate and compared the total tissue area, diagnostic tissue area, and desmoplastic stroma (DS) area in cases of carcinoma. We also examined the nucleic acid yield of the two needles in pancreatic lesions.

Results The lesions included 20 pancreatic masses (55 %), six gastric subepithelial lesions (17 %), five lymph nodes (14 %) and five other abdominal masses (14 %). Mean ± SD lesion size was 3.8 ± 2.0 cm. The final diagnosis was malignant in 27 lesions (75 %) and benign in nine lesions (25 %). We found EUS-FNB procured significantly more median total tissue area (5.2 mm2 vs. 1.9 mm2, P < 0.001), diagnostic tissue area (2.2 mm2 vs. 0.9 mm2, P = 0.029), and DS area (2 mm2 vs. 0.1 mm2, P = 0.001) in lesions diagnosed as carcinoma (n = 23), as compared to EUS-FNA. In pancreatic lesions, EUS-FNB obtained significantly more nucleic acid than EUS-FNA (median; 4,085 ng vs. 2912 ng, P = 0.02). There was no difference in the cellblock or rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSE) diagnostic yield between the needles.

Conclusion The 22G EUS-FNB provides more histological core tissue and adequate nucleic acid yield compared to 22G EUS-FNA. In this study, the diagnostic performance was similar between the needles
A Study on the Recurrence Rate of Trigeminal Neuralgia after MVD and the Related Factors
Authors: Zheng Jiang-Hua , Sun Kai , Zhang Hai-Tao , Xie Yun-Jie , Wang-Yang Ling-Xi , Chen Hao-Yang , Wang Chong
Published: July 2019

The aim of this article is to investigate the related factors affecting the recurrence of microvascular decompression (MVD) after trigeminal neuralgia. We selected 400 cases of patients who met the diagnostic criteria of primary trigeminal neuralgia. The recurrence rate of patients and their statistical data related factors such as age, gender, disease duration, pain branches, vascular compression, patients, and complications (urban and rural), were collected. Of the 400 cases, 36 had recurrence after 2 years. In female group, the recurrence rate was (9.4%) higher than the recurrence rate in male group (8%); no recurrence rate of vascular compression group (40%) was higher than that of vascular compression group recurrence rate (8.6%); the recurrence rate of each branch in pain group from high to low was V2–3 (13.4%), V2 (12.5%), V1 (9.1%), V3 (7.5%), V1–2-3 (4.4%), V1–2 (4.3%), V1–3 (0%); and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Gender of the patient, the presence of vascular pressure, and the branch of pain could significantly affect the postoperative recurrence rate of trigeminal neuralgia in patients treated with simple MVD (p < 0.05).
Visualizing Infection Surveillance Data for Policymaking Using Open Source Dashboarding
Authors: Wahi Monika Maya , Dukach Natasha
Published: July 2019

Background Health care-associated infections, specifically catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), can cause significant mortality and morbidity. However, the process of collecting CAUTI surveillance data, storing it, and visualizing the data to inform health policy has been fraught with challenges.

Objectives No standard has been developed, so the objective of this article is to present a prototype solution for dashboarding public health surveillance data based on a real-life use-case for the purposes of enhancing clinical and policy-level decision-making.

Methods The solution was developed in open source software R, which allows for the creation of dashboard applications using the integrated development environment developed for R called RStudio, and a package for R called Rshiny. How the surveillance system was designed, why R was chosen, how the dashboard was developed, and how the dashboard features were programmed and function will be described.

Results The prototype dashboard includes multiple tabs for visualizing data, and allows the user to interact with the data by setting dynamic filters. Controls were used to facilitate the interaction between the user and application. Rshiny is reactive, in that when the user (e.g., clinician or policymaker) changes the parameters on the data, the application automatically updates the visualization as well as parameters available based on current filters.

Conclusion The prototype dashboard has the potential to enhance clinical and policy-level decision-making because it facilitates interaction with the data that provides useful visualizations to provide such guidance.
Sellar Remodeling after Surgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Intercarotid Distance as a Predictor of Recurrence.
Authors: Raghu Ashley L. B. , Flower Hannah D. , Statham Patrick F. X. , Brennan Paul M. , Hughes Mark A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction As they grow, pituitary adenoma can remodel the sella turcica and alter anatomical relationships with adjacent structures. The intercarotid distance (ICD) at the level of the sella is a measure of sella width. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess how ICD changes after transsphenoidal surgery and (2) explore whether the extent of ICD change is associated with tumor recurrence.

Methods A retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was carried out by two independent assessors on patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas. Preoperative tumor volume and any change in ICD following surgery were recorded and compared between groups. Logistic regression models of recurrence were generated.

Results In 36 of 42 patients, ICD fell after surgery (mean = 1.8 mm) and six cases were static. At time of follow-up (mean = 77 months), 25 had not required further intervention and 17 had undergone second surgery or radiosurgery. In patients in whom no further intervention has yet been necessary, the postoperative reduction in ICD was significantly smaller than in those who required repeat intervention (1.1 vs. 2.7 mm respectively, p < 0.01). ICD decrease was weakly correlated with tumor volume (r = 0.35). ICD decrease was a significant predictor of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–6.87), largely independent of tumor volume.

Conclusion For most patients, ICD falls following surgical excision of a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma. A greater reduction in ICD postsurgery appears to predict recurrence. Change in ICD shows promise as a radiographic tool for prognosticating clinical course after surgery.
Random dynamics of fractional stochastic reaction-diffusion equations on Rn without uniqueness
Authors: Li Dingshi , Wang Bixiang , Wang Xiaohu
Published: July 2019

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the nonautonomous fractional stochastic reaction-diffusion equations on Rn with continuous (but not necessarily differentiable) nonlinear drift terms, which leads to the nonuniqueness of solutions and hence a multivalued random dynamical system with the solution operators of the equation. We first show the existence and uniqueness of random attractors for such a dynamical system and then establish the upper semicontinuity of these attractors as the intensity of noise approaches zero. The measurability of the random attractors is proved by the method of weak upper semicontinuity of multivalued functions, and the pullback asymptotic compactness of the system is derived by the idea of uniform estimates on the tails of the solutions.
Approximation of the boundary value problem for 3-dimensional Boltzmann’s equation with Maxwell’s microscopic conditions
Authors: Sakabekov A. , Auzhani Y.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the research is to formulate the boundary conditions for the moment system equations. We put boundary conditions for arbitrary approximation of the three-dimensional nonlinear nonstationary Boltzmann’s moment system equations. We approximate microscopic Maxwell boundary condition for three-dimensional Boltzmann’s equation. We formulate initial and boundary value problem for twenty-moment system equations with Maxwell-Auzhan boundary conditions.
Investigation of bond oscillation assisted olfactory perception by exciting the molecular chemical bonds using specific IR wavelengths
Authors: Huang Wei-Lun , Tang Ming-Ru , Hong Chung-Hung , Lee Si-Chen
Published: July 2019

The principle of olfactory perception had been widely studied. The core of the olfactory theory is based on two different mechanisms or the combination of the two. The first is the shape (weak shape) theory that the olfactory receptor only accepts the molecule with a complementary shape (lock to the key). The second is the vibrational theory that electrons on an odor molecule will be able to tunnel to the olfactory receptors quantum mechanically only when they are assisted by the specific bond vibrational energy of the molecules. Previous studies indicated that human subjects can distinguish the difference between the musk odorant molecules and its deuterated counterparts as evidence to advocate the theory. Scientists who refuted the vibration theory studied “musk-recognizing receptor”, OR5AN1 and discovered that these receptors responded strongly and identically to the deuterated and normal musk odorants in the vitro environmental condition albeit they have different vibrational energies. In this paper, a new method is adopted to investigate the bond vibration-assisted olfactory theory. Narrow bandwidth infrared light sources with specific wavelengths were utilized to illuminate and excite molecular bond oscillation of the odorant molecules. By analyzing the experimental results of 23 human subjects. This study also supported the hypothesis of the “spin residual information theory” that the olfactory perception is aroused by the “residual spin information” of infrared photons left near the odor and receptor molecular bonding sites which absorbed or emitted the infrared photons.
Fuel-ion diffusion in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Sio Hong , Li Chikang , Parker Cody E. , Lahmann Brandon , Le Ari , Atzeni Stefano , Petrasso Richard D.
Published: July 2019

The impact of fuel-ion diffusion in inertial confinement fusion implosions is assessed using nuclear reaction yield ratios and reaction histories. In T3He-gas-filled (with trace D) shock-driven implosions, the observed TT/T3He yield ratio is ∼2× lower than expected from temperature scaling. In D3He-gas-filled (with trace T) shock-driven implosions, the timing of the D3He reaction history is ∼50 ps earlier than those of the DT reaction histories, and average-ion hydrodynamic simulations cannot reconcile this timing difference. Both experimental observations are consistent with reduced T ions in the burn region as predicted by multi-ion diffusion theory and particle-in-cell simulations.
Determination of anti-de Sitter monopole wall via minimization
Authors: Cao Lei , Yang Yisong
Published: July 2019

In this note, we solve a minimization problem arising in a recent work of Bolognesi and Tong on the determination of an anti-de Sitter monopole wall. We show that the problem has a unique solution. Although the solution cannot be obtained explicitly, we show that it may practically be constructed via a shooting method for which the correct shooting slope is unique. We also obtain some energy estimates which allow an asymptotic explicit determination of the monopole wall in a large coupling parameter limit.
Microwave absorption properties of heterostructure composites of two dimensional layered magnetic materials and graphene nanosheets
Authors: Mu Congpu , Du Xia , Nie Anmin , Wang Bochong , Wen Fusheng , Xiang Jianyong , Zhai Kun , Liu Zhongyuan
Published: July 2019

Recently, intrinsic ferromagnetism of layered van der Waals compounds (such as CrCl3, CrI3, and Cr2Ge2Te6) has received widespread attention. Herein, layered van der Waals heterostructure composites of two dimensional layered magnetic material CrCl3 and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) are facilely obtained and investigated as microwave absorption materials. The complex permittivity and complex permeability of heterostructure composites can be adjusted by modulating the mass ratio of GNS and CrCl3. The real part and imaginary part of permittivity increase with the increase in the mass fraction of GNS in composites, due to the high conductivity of GNS. Thus, dielectric loss is enhanced and originates from the Debye relaxation process and the interfacial polarization process. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the CrCl3-GNS heterostructure composite with a GNS mass fraction of 40 wt. % can reach −46.2 dB at a microwave frequency of 10 GHz with a thickness of 1.9 mm. In addition, the RL less than −10 dB can be achieved at different frequencies with all thicknesses (1–5 mm). This work might provide the practical application of two dimensional layered magnetic materials as ultrahigh-performance microwave absorption materials.
Physical implications of so(2, 1) symmetry in exact solutions for a self-repressing gene
Authors: Ramos Alexandre F. , Reinitz John
Published: July 2019

We chemically characterize the symmetries underlying the exact solutions of a stochastic negatively self-regulating gene. The breaking of symmetry at a low molecular number causes three effects. Two branches of the solution exist, having high and low switching rates, such that the low switching rate branch approaches deterministic behavior and the high switching rate branch exhibits sub-Fano behavior. The average protein number differs from the deterministically expected value. Bimodal probability distributions appear as the protein number becomes a readout of the ON/OFF state of the gene.
The unification of disparate rheological measures in oscillatory shearing
Authors: Choi Jiho , Nettesheim Florian , Rogers Simon A.
Published: July 2019

Oscillatory shearing is a popular method to understand transient nonlinear rheology. Various viscoelastic metrics have been used to analyze oscillatory rheology with different perspectives. We present a translation between various viscoelastic metrics for oscillatory rheology, using the framework of sequence of physical processes (SPPs) as a basis. The relation between the SPP metrics and Fourier-based metrics, such as Fourier sine and cosine coefficients, and large and minimum strain and rate metrics is provided. The meaning of the curvature in elastic and viscous Lissajous figures is explained with the sign of the SPP viscoelastic metrics. A low dimensional interpretation of the SPP framework is presented, featuring the center, size, and orientation of a deltoid in a transient Cole-Cole plot. Finally, we show how statistical information regarding the amount of change exhibited by the SPP metrics over a period of oscillation can be used to enhance the presentation and understanding of traditionally performed amplitude sweep experiments.
The anode proximity effect for generic smooth field emitters
Authors: Biswas Debabrata
Published: July 2019

The proximity of the anode to a curved field electron emitter alters the electric field at the apex and its neighborhood. A formula for the apex field enhancement factor, γa(D), for generic smooth emitters is derived using the line charge model when the anode is at a distance D from the cathode plane. The resulting approximately modular form is such that the anode proximity contribution can be calculated separately (using geometric quantities such as the anode-cathode distance D, the emitter height h, and the emitter apex radius of curvature Ra) and substituted into the expression for γa(∞). It is also shown that the variation of the enhancement factor on the surface of the emitter close to the apex is unaffected by the presence of the anode and continues to obey the generalized cosine law. These results are verified numerically for various generic emitter shapes using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Finally, the theory is applied to explain experimental observations on the scaling behavior of the I–V field emission curve.
Efficient sound radiation using a bandgap structure
Authors: Jung Jaesoon , Jeong Cheol-Ho , Jensen Jakob S.
Published: July 2019

This work reports on the use of bandgaps to increase the efficiency of sound radiation employing defect modes on a phononic crystal (PnC). A PnC consisting of a 2D array of studs on an aluminum plate is considered, and a defect is created by removing four studs. Numerical simulations predict 8 dB higher radiation efficiency and significantly more uniform directivity of sound due to the piston-like defect modes that suppress interference between acoustic waves. An experimental study of the vibrational response is carried out in order to validate the numerical result. Comparisons of the radiation efficiency and the directivity index between the numerical and experimental results show good agreement. These findings may pave the way to use bandgap structures as effective acoustic radiators.
Genome editing using the endogenous type I CRISPR-Cas system in
Lactobacillus crispatus
Authors: Hidalgo-Cantabrana Claudio , Goh Yong Jun , Pan Meichen , Sanozky-Dawes Rosemary , Barrangou Rodolphe
Published: July 2019

CRISPR-Cas systems are now widely used for genome editing and transcriptional regulation in diverse organisms. The compact and portable nature of class 2 single effector nucleases, such as Cas9 or Cas12, has facilitated directed genome modifications in plants, animals, and microbes. However, most CRISPR-Cas systems belong to the more prevalent class 1 category, which hinges on multiprotein effector complexes. In the present study, we detail how the native type I-E CRISPR-Cas system, with a 5′-AAA-3′ protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and a 61-nucleotide guide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) can be repurposed for efficient chromosomal targeting and genome editing in
Lactobacillus crispatus
, an important commensal and beneficial microbe in the vaginal and intestinal tracts. Specifically, we generated diverse mutations encompassing a 643-base pair (bp) deletion (100% efficiency), a stop codon insertion (36%), and a single nucleotide substitution (19%) in the exopolysaccharide priming-glycosyl transferase (
p-gtf
). Additional genetic targets included a 308-bp deletion (20%) in the prophage DNA packaging
Nu1
and a 730-bp insertion of the green fluorescent protein gene downstream of enolase (23%). This approach enables flexible alteration of the formerly genetically recalcitrant species
L. crispatus
, with potential for probiotic enhancement, biotherapeutic engineering, and mucosal vaccine delivery. These results also provide a framework for repurposing endogenous CRISPR-Cas systems for flexible genome targeting and editing, while expanding the toolbox to include one of the most abundant and diverse systems found in nature.
Insights into the origin of the high energy-conversion efficiency of F
1
-ATPase
Authors: Nam Kwangho , Karplus Martin
Published: July 2019

Significance

F
1
-ATPase is a small motor protein, composed of 3 α- and 3 β-subunits that surround a central γ-subunit. The β-subunits alternate cyclically between 2 major conformational states to produce the rotation of the γ-subunit. Although the rotation on the microsecond timescale is powered by the differential binding of ATP and its hydrolysis products ADP and HPO
4
2−
, there is near-100% conversion efficiency of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis, which occurs on the picosecond timescale. The free-energy profile constructed for the 360° rotation cycle shows that F
1
-ATPase achieves its high energy-conversion efficiency by elegantly separating fast catalytic events, which involve small local conformational changes, from the slow binding/release of ligands involved in the large conformational change.
Analyzing and comparing de Blasio’s and Quinn’s speech in their democratic election programs for 2013 New York Mayoral Elections
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Raquel
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to compare de Blasio’s and Quinn’s programs for 2013 New York Mayoral Elections to reveal their rhetoric and figurative language as a means of persuasion in political campaigns. This along with their backgrounds, appearance and previous supports will disclose some key points contributing to de Blasio’s victory. As this study focuses on linguistics, I rely onPolitical Discourse Analysis(Wilson, 2001),Critical Discourse Analysis(Fairclough and Wodak, 1997;Wodak and Meyer, 2009), van Dijk’sSociocognitive Approach(2008) andpolarization(1999) – Chilton’slegitimation/delegitimation(2004) –, Charteris-Black’sCorpus Approach to Critical Metaphor Analysis(2004), politeness and facework (Brown and Levinson, 1987;Goffman, 1967), andTaboada and Grieve’s (2004)approach ofAppraisal Theory(Martin and White, 2005;White, 2012). The results will show which verbal devices and phenomena are used as a linguistic weapon to influence people’s thoughts and attract voters, as well as to give a positive image of themselves (positive self-representation) or a negative image of the political opponent (negative other-representation).
Qualitative meta-analysis on the training needs reported by
in-service CLIL teachers
Authors: Pons Seguí Laura
Published: July 2019

This meta-analysis explores in-service CLIL (Content and
Language Integrated Learning) teachers’ training needs and whether previous
experience and training have an impact on their reported training needs. For
this purpose, seven studies that met the inclusion criteria have been analysed
qualitatively using the constant comparative model. The results reveal that CLIL
teachers have considerable training needs for foreign language and
methodological competences regardless of their previous training and experience.
However, previous training and experience as CLIL teachers may explain some of
the areas of need: inexperienced CLIL teachers request more training on CLIL
management and CLIL fundamentals than experienced teachers do. Apparently, a
lack of specific CLIL training explains why inexperienced and experienced
teachers report training needs in material development and the theoretical
underpinnings of CLIL. Overall, this meta-analysis highlights an urgency to
develop CLIL training programmes that allow teachers to be better qualified in
CLIL so that their teaching can have a positive impact on students’
learning.
Women students from Saudi Arabia in a study abroad
programme
Authors: Alfayez Hassna M. , Hüttner Julia
Published: July 2019

Most students taking part in Study Abroad (SA) programmes aim to
immerse themselves as fully as possible in the target language (TL) country and
so improve their TL proficiency, as well as their own personal development
towards independent adulthood. From a research perspective, the quality of
social networks involving TL speakers, and hence the social interactions the SA
students engage in, are seen as of paramount importance in determining the
ultimate success in TL attainment. This paper addresses a cohort of learners who
have not received a lot of attention in the SA literature, namely Saudi Arabian
female students, whose individual immersion into the TL context is limited by
cultural restrictions, importantly the need to be accompanied by a male guardian
(mahram). Based on a data set of a cohort of nine students
gathered over the period of one year, this study aims to establish the extent to
which these students engage in social interactions in the TL setting and how
these affect their overall language proficiency development. Data was gathered
pre-, during, and post-SA, using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative
instruments. These tested language proficiencies and surveyed the social
interactions and engagement with the TL of the students, using both
questionnaires (Language Engagement Questionnaire, Social Networking
Questionnaire) and semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest, firstly, that
despite the limitations on social interactions, these students clearly benefit
from SA. Findings show a complex set of relationships between language
development and interactions, with diverse strategies employed to access social
networks and thus engage in interactions. Overall, these results point to SA
settings as highly conducive learning environments, even for students who face
cultural restrictions in their interactions.
Adult second language learners’ social network development and perceived fluency gain in an intensive English program abroad
Authors: Bejarano Marie , Dewey Dan P. , Baker-Smemoe Wendy , Henrichsen Lynn E. , Hall Timothy
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the social networks developed by language learners during 14 weeks of an intensive English as a second language (ESL) program using the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire (Dewey, Bown, Baker, Martinsen, Gold, & Eggett, 2014;Dewey, Bown, & Eggett, 2012). It also utilized native speaker judgments to evaluate ESL fluency development. Results showed that participants were successful in developing complex social networks, that their oral fluency increased significantly, and that fluency gains were related to L2 social networks. Density (average number of people in a social group) was the most important predictor of fluency gain when only social network variables were considered. In a hierarchical regression, initial proficiency level and percentage of native English speakers in one’s network were the most significant of the established variables in the first step, and overall network size and density were the most important of the added social network variables in the second step.
Eliciting specialized frames from corpora using argument-structure extraction techniques
Authors: Sánchez Cárdenas Beatriz , Ramisch Carlos
Published: July 2019

Frame Semantics provides a powerful cross-lingual model to describe the conceptual structure underlying specialized language. Building specialized frames is challenging because of the complex nature of predicate-argument structures, and because of the domain-specific uses of general-language predicates. Our semi-automatic method elicits semantic frames from specialized corpora. It aims to discover lexical patterns that reveal the structure of specialized frames and to populate them with corpus-based data. Firstly, we automatically extracted verb-noun triples from corpora using bootstrapping to identify noun-verb-noun phraseological patterns. Secondly, we annotated each noun-verb-noun triple with the lexical domain of the verbs and the semantic class and role of the noun filling each argument slot. We then used these annotations and patterns to classify similar triples. Thus, the structure and the types of lexical units that belong to each specialized frames were inferred. Specialized corpora analysis of environmental science texts in English and in Spanish illustrate our methodology.
The Similarity of Causal Structure
Authors: Eva Benjamin , Stern Reuben , Hartmann Stephan
Published: July 2019

Whether y obtains under the counterfactual supposition that x is thought to depend on whether y obtains in the most similar world(s) in which x obtains. Graphical causal models have proved useful in developing a principled notion of similarity between worlds, but this notion is limited insofar as it does not apply to counterfactual suppositions about causal structure. Here, we explore the possibility of filling this lacuna by introducing a notion of similarity between causal graphs. Since there are multiple principled senses in which graphs can be similar, we introduce multiple similarity metrics and multiple ways to prioritize these metrics.
A Defense and Definition of Construct Validity in Psychology
Authors: Stone Caroline
Published: July 2019

Psychologists say a measure has construct validity when it, in fact, measures the construct it is intended to measure. Construct validity is both an important notion in psychological research methods and the source of much confusion and debate among psychologists. I argue that this confusion arises, in part, because of a failure to distinguish between construct validity, a feature of measures relative to a construct, and construct legitimacy, a feature of the construct itself. I propose a prescriptive account of construct validity on the basis of this distinction, then provide evidence for my account through two examples from research psychology.