bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty: A Series of 140 Consecutive Hips with A Minimum Five Year Follow-Up. A Clinical, Radiological and Histological Analysis
Authors: Giannini Sandro , Cadossi Matteo , Chiarello Eugenio , Faldini Cesare , Moroni Antonio , Romagnoli Matteo
Published: January 2011

We reviewed the clinical and radiological outcome at a minimum of five years of 140 consecutive metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (HR) arthroplasties in 132 patients. The mean follow-up was 73 months (62 to 105). Revision of either component was defined as failure.

The average Harris hip score (HHS) was 58.6 (25 to 88) preoperatively and 94.4 (60 to 100) at the latest follow-up (p<0.0005). Average University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score was 3.1 (1 to 9) pre-operatively and 6.7 (2 to 10) post-operatively (p<0.0005).

The survival after 6 years was 97.8% overall and 98.5% (excluding a post traumatic femoral neck fracture). These good medium-term results suggest that HR is an effective procedure in young and active patients.
Relationship between Sacral Pelvic Incidence and Acetabular Orientation
Authors: Legaye Jean , Duval-Beaupere Ginette , Barrau Andre , Boulay Christophe , Hecquet Jerome , Montigny Jean-Pierre , Tardieu Christine
Published: January 2011

The importance of the sacral pelvic incidence (SPI) in relation to individual variations of sagittal spinal curvature has become well-recognised. We attempted to determine the relationship between SPI and acetabular orientation.

The three-dimensional coordinates of 47 homologous points were observed on 51 adult anatomical pelvises (26 female and 25 male). The reference vertical plane was Lewinnek's anterior pelvic plane. 10 angular parameters and 11 linear parameters were defined and calculated. These were expressed both in absolute value (in millimetres) and in “acetabular unit” (relative to the mean value of the right and left acetabular rays). Mean values of the parameters were calculated for all pelvises and according to gender.

There were two dominant parameters: the “sacral slope” and the “V pubic angle”. “Acetabular tilting” was primarily dependant on the “sacral slope” and its intermediary on the “SPI”, while “acetabular anteversion” dependent on the “V pubic angle” via the “angle of prow”.

It is recommended that positioning of the acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasty relates to anatomical parameters, and to the global sagittal balance of the pelvi-spinal unit.
More than Just a Bump: Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement and the Evolution of the Femoral Neck
Authors: Ng Vincent Y. , Ellis Thomas J.
Published: January 2011

Recent orthopaedic literature has implicated femoroacetabular impingement, the pathologic abutment of structural aberrancies in the proximal femur and acetabular rim, as an important cause of groin pain in young individuals and a potential factor in early idiopathic osteoarthritis. The etiology and risk factors for developing cam-type morphology are still unknown. The osseous anatomy of the proximal femur in humans is the culmination of nearly 400 million years of evolution. Coxa recta and coxa rotunda are the two predominant morphologies in modern animals. While the latter, characterized by a straight head-neck junction, is often present in cursorial creatures, the former, distinguished by high offset at this junction, is exemplified in most humans. Based on the ontology and phylogeny of the proximal femur, coxa rotunda probably developed from a more primitive coxa recta. We believe that cam-type morphology is neither a redevelopment of coxa recta nor a malformation such as slipped capital epiphysis. The aspherical osteocartilaginous bump is associated with an extended physis and has been noted to appear during mid-adolescence. While this protuberance may contribute to future pathology, the authors feel that increased loading of the hip, not impingement activities, during late childhood and early adolescence predispose patients to develop this morphology.
Type? What Type? Further Reflections on the Extended Threshold
Authors: Hensel Michael
Published: January 2011

Michael Hensel draws a parallel between the present and a moment in the early 1990s when typology seemed poised to come to the fore. He highlights how despite a promising start this interest slipped away and was supplanted by an obsession with topography and highly complex surfaces, leading to a primacy of the individual built form over the urban.
Penang Tropical City, Penang, Malaysia OMA
Authors: Bravo da Costa João
Published: January 2011

A mixed‐use programme for Penang in Malaysia with the potential to accommodate a resident population of 27,000 required OMA to operate at a planning level, while providing architectural definition. João Bravo da Costa describes how this led to a strategy that focused on types rather than objects, and specifically a typological distribution of programme across the site.
Singapore Buona Vista Masterplan Competition, Singapore
Authors:   Toyo Ito & Associates, Architects
Published: January 2011

A plan for an IT‐based research city in Singapore provided Toyo Ito & Associates with the unique opportunity to rethink urban typology. In a project that revives some of the ideas of 1960s metabolism, Ito recasts architecture and infrastructure in a unified structure that envisions the city environment as a ‘neuron‐like network of sequences’.
21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
Authors:   Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa/SANNA
Published: January 2011

‘Tactical translucency’ is a distinct characteristic of the work of SANAA's Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa. In the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, it was applied as a strategy in which to blur the boundaries between the city and the interior space of the art museum, creating a type that fuses areas for public activities and the more contemplative gallery spaces.
Dicyanovinyl–Substituted Oligothiophenes: Structure‐Property Relationships and Application in Vacuum‐Processed Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fitzner Roland , Reinold Egon , Mishra Amaresh , Mena‐Osteritz Elena , Ziehlke Hannah , Körner Christian , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz , Weil Matthias , Tsaryova Olga , Weiß André , Uhrich Christian , Pfeiffer Martin , Bäuerle Peter
Published: January 2011

Efficient synthesis of a series of terminally dicyanovinyl (DCV)‐substituted oligothiophenes, DCVnT 1–6, without solubilizing side chains synthesized via a novel convergent approach and their application as electron donors in vacuum‐processed m‐i‐p‐type planar and p‐i‐n‐type bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is described. Purification of the products via gradient sublimation yields thermally highly stable organic semiconducting materials in single crystalline quality which allows for X‐ray structure analysis. Important insights into the packing features and intermolecular interactions of these promising solar cell materials are provided. Optical absorption spectra and electrochemical properties of the oligomers are investigated and valuable structure–property relationships deduced. Photovoltaic devices incorporating DCVnTs 4–6 showed power conversion efficiencies up to 2.8% for planar and 5.2% for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells under full sun illumination (mismatch corrected simulated AM 1.5G sunlight). The 5.2% efficiency shown here represents one of the highest values ever reported for organic vacuum‐deposited single heterojunction solar cells.
Dynamic Aspects of Films Prepared by a Sequential Deposition of Species: Perspectives for Smart and Responsive Materials
Authors: Lavalle Philippe , Voegel Jean‐Claude , Vautier Dominique , Senger Bernard , Schaaf Pierre , Ball Vincent
Published: January 2011

The deposition of surface coatings using a step‐by‐step approach from mutually interacting species allows the fabrication of so called “multilayered films”. These coatings are very versatile and easy to produce in environmentally friendly conditions, mostly from aqueous solution. They find more and more applications in many hot topic areas, such as in biomaterials and nanoelectronics but also in stimuli‐responsive films. We aim to review the most recent developments in such stimuli‐responsive coatings based on layer‐by‐layer (LBL) depositions in relationship to the properties of these coatings. The most investigated stimuli are based on changes in ionic strength, temperature, exposure to light, and mechanical forces. The possibility to induce a transition from linear to exponential growth in thickness and to change the charge compensation from “intrinsic” to “extrinsic” by controlling parameters such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength are the ways to confer their responsiveness to the films. Chemical post‐modifications also allow to significantly modify the film properties.
Ligand‐Assisted Assembly Approach to Synthesize Large‐Pore Ordered Mesoporous Titania with Thermally Stable and Crystalline Framework
Authors: Zhang Junyong , Deng Yonghui , Gu Dong , Wang Shutao , She Lan , Che Renchao , Wang Zhong‐Sheng , Tu Bo , Xie Songhai , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: January 2011

A novel ligand‐assisted assembly approach is demonstrated for the synthesis of thermally stable and large‐pore ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide with a highly crystalline framework by using diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene (PEO‐b‐PS) as a template and titanium isopropoxide (TIPO) as a precursor. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy, and N2‐sorption measurements indicate that the obtained TiO2 materials possess an ordered primary cubic mesostructure with large, uniform pore diameters of about 16.0 nm, and high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of ∼112 m2 g−1, as well as high thermal stability (∼700 °C). High resolution TEM and wide‐angle XRD measurements clearly illustrate the high crystallinity of the mesoporous titania with an anatase structure in the pore walls. It is worth mentioning that, in this process, in addition to tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, acetylacetone was employed as a coordination agent to avoid rapid hydrolysis of the titanium precursor. Additionally, stepped evaporation and heating processes were adopted to control the condensation rate and facilitate the assembly of the ordered mesostructure, and ensure the formation of fully polycrystalline anatase titania frameworks without collapse of the mesostructure. By employing the obtained mesoporous and crystallized TiO2 as the photoanode in a dye‐sensitized solar cell, a high power‐conversion efficiency (5.45%) can be achieved in combination with the N719 dye, which shows that this mesoprous titania is a great potential candidate as a catalyst support for photonic‐conversion applications.
Markers in the 15q24 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster (CHRNA5‐A3‐B4) predict severity of nicotine addiction and response to smoking cessation therapy
Authors: Sarginson Jane E. , Killen Joel D. , Lazzeroni Laura C. , Fortmann Stephen P. , Ryan Heather S. , Schatzberg Alan F. , Murphy Greer M.
Published: January 2011

Stopping smoking is difficult even with treatment. Many patients prescribed pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation experience side effects or lack of efficacy. We performed a pharmacogenetic study of the efficacy and tolerability of bupropion and transdermal nicotine (TN), two treatments for smoking cessation. Samples were drawn from two studies. In the first study (Maintenance 1, MT1), 301 smokers received bupropion plus TN for 11 weeks, followed by 14 weeks of placebo or bupropion. In the second study (MT2), 276 smokers received bupropion and TN for 8 weeks. We focused on eight SNPs in the 15q24 region, which contains the genes for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4, and has previously been implicated in nicotine addiction and smoking cessation. Analyses of baseline smoking quantity (SQ) identified an association between SQ and both the functional CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 (D398N) and the CHRNA3 SNP rs1051730 (Y215Y) in a combined cohort containing MT1 and MT2. An association between SQ and ethnicity was also identified in the combined cohort. Pharmacogenetic analysis showed a significant association between rs8192475 (R37H) in CHRNA3 and both higher craving after quitting and increased withdrawal symptoms over time in MT2. Two markers for point prevalence abstinence, CHRNA5 SNP rs680244 and CHRNB4 SNP rs12914008, were also identified in MT2, with the strongest findings at week 52. These results provide further support for the role of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 subunits in determining number of cigarettes smoked and response to smoking cessation therapy. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forcing a connection: Impacts of single‐molecule force spectroscopy on in vivo tension sensing
Authors: Brenner Michael D. , Zhou Ruobo , Ha Taekjip
Published: January 2011

Mechanical tension plays a large role in cell development ranging from morphology to gene expression. On the molecular level, the effects of tension can be seen in the dynamic arrangement of membrane proteins as well as the recruitment and activation of intracellular proteins. Forces applied to biopolymers during in vitro force measurements offer greater understanding of the effects of tension on molecules in live cells, and experimental techniques involving test tubes and live cells can often overlap. Indeed, when forces exerted on cellular components can be calibrated ex vivo with force spectroscopy, a powerful tool is available for researchers in probing cellular mechanotransduction on the molecular scale. This review will discuss the techniques used in measuring both cellular traction forces and single‐molecule force spectroscopy. Emphasis will be placed on the use of fluorescence reporter systems for the development of in vivo tension sensors that can be used for calibration with single molecule force methods. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 332–344, 2011.
Removal of intact β2‐microglobulin at neutral ph by using seed‐conjugated polymer beads prepared with β2‐microglobulin‐derived peptide (58–67)
Authors: Kang Sungsoo , Yang Jee Eun , Kim Jehoon , Ahn Minkoo , Koo Hee Jung , Kim Mira , Lee Yoon‐Sik , Paik Seung R.
Published: January 2011

Removal of β2‐microglobulin (β2M) from the blood of patients suffering from kidney dysfunction is crucial to protect those individuals from getting the diseased state of dialysis‐related amyloidosis. By harnessing the nucleation‐dependent fibrillation process of amyloidogenesis, a β2M removal strategy has been proposed by preparing seed‐conjugated polymer beads and assimilating soluble β2M to the fibrils on the surface at neutral pH. A novel peptide segment of β2M ranging from residue 58 to residue 67 (Lys‐Asp‐Trp‐Ser‐Phe‐Tyr‐Leu‐Leu‐Tyr‐Tyr), which was capable of being fibrillated at neutral pH was isolated. Charge interaction between the positive N‐terminal lysine and the negative C‐terminal α‐carboxylic group was demonstrated to be critical for the molecular self‐assembly leading to the peptide fibril formation by favoring β‐sheet conformation. Because the peptide fibrils were successful to seed intact β2M at neutral pH, the fibrils were immobilized on polymer beads of HiCore resins, and the resulting seed‐conjugated beads were used to accrete intact β2M in the form of fibrils elongated on the bead surface. Its efficiency of the β2M removal was improved by placing the seed‐immobilized beads in the middle of a continuous flow of the β2M‐containing solution as practiced in the blood circulation during the hemodialysis. Therefore, this β2M removal system is suggested to exhibit high specificity, high binding capacity, and cost‐effectiveness appropriate for eventual clinical application to remove β2M from the blood of renal failure patients. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Effects of arginine on heat‐induced aggregation of concentrated protein solutions
Authors: Shah Dhawal , Shaikh Abdul Rajjak , Peng Xinxia , Rajagopalan Raj
Published: January 2011

Arginine is one of the commonly used additives to enhance refolding yield of proteins, to suppress aggregation of proteins, and to increase solubility of proteins, and yet the molecular interactions that contribute to the role of arginine are unclear. Here, we present experiments, using bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LYZ), and β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) as model proteins, to show that arginine can enhance heat‐induced aggregation of concentrated protein solutions, contrary to the conventional belief that arginine is a universal suppressor of aggregation. Results show that the enhancement in aggregation is caused only for BSA and BLG, but not for LYZ, indicating that arginine's preferential interactions with certain residues over others could determine the effect of the additive on aggregation. We use this previously unrecognized behavior of arginine, in combination with density functional theory calculations, to identify the molecular‐level interactions of arginine with various residues that determine arginine's role as an enhancer or suppressor of aggregation of proteins. The experimental and computational results suggest that the guanidinium group of arginine promotes aggregation through the hydrogen‐bond‐based bridging interactions with the acidic residues of a protein, whereas the binding of the guanidinium group to aromatic residues (aggregation‐prone) contributes to the stability and solubilization of the proteins. The approach, we describe here, can be used to select suitable additives to stabilize a protein solution at high concentrations based on an analysis of the amino acid content of the protein. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Human T‐lymphotropic virus tax activates human cytomegalovirus major‐immediate early promoter and improves production of recombinant proteins in HEK293 cells
Authors: Lwa Teng Rhui , Lee Jialing , Ng Chew Har , Lew Qiao Jing , Hia Hui Ching , Chao Sheng‐Hao
Published: January 2011

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate‐early (MIE) promoter is widely used in mammalian cells for production of recombinant proteins. It is of great interest to further enhance protein production driven by the CMV promoter. Here, we report that the Tax protein of human T‐lymphotropic virus stimulates the transgene expression under the control of CMV MIE promoter in HEK293 cells. At least threefold increases in transient production of recombinant proteins, including luciferase and two biopharmaceutical proteins (erythropoietin and interferon‐γ), were detected. Furthermore, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐response element binding protein 2 (CREB2) was identified as a cellular cofactor, which might be responsible for Tax transactivation of the CMV MIE promoter. Our results not only demonstrate the potential use of this novel expression strategy for improvement of recombinant protein production in HEK293 cells but also provide the molecular mechanism for Tax‐mediated activation of CMV MIE promoter. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Chest impact experiments aimed at producing aortic rupture
Authors: Viano David C.
Published: January 2011

There are a number of proposed mechanisms of traumatic aortic rupture. These experiments involved three different chest impacts that may be associated with aortic rupture. Eleven unembalmed cadavers were repressurized and impacted by a 24–34 kg mass at 8.6–14.9 m/sec. Three impact orientations were studied with the torso axis: (1) 30–45° up from horizontal and impact 28–45° clockwise of the midsagittal axis, (2) 105–130° up from horizontal and impact 15° counterclockwise, and (3) 75° up from horizontal and impact 15° counterclockwise. Spinal acceleration was measured at T1, T8, and T12 and chest compression was determined by high‐speed video. Detailed autopsy determined injuries. Impact loads averaged 9.65 ± 2.45 kN and resulted in 52.8 ± 5.4% chest compression and 3.53 ± 0.94 m/sec Viscous response. The resultant spinal acceleration was 124.5 ± 105.4 g at T1, 141.3 ± 80.5 g at T8 and 89.3 ± 39.1 g at T12. The severity of impact resulted in multiple rib fractures and severe chest injury averaging AIS = 4.2 ± 1.0. There were four cases of heart laceration and one transection of the ascending aorta 20 mm from the cusp of the aortic valve. The impacts were severe enough that aortic rupture was expected; however, only one occurred. In retrospect, the position of the heart and aorta in the upright cadaver may not have been representative of the position during human injury, thus reducing the incidence of aortic rupture in these experiments. Clin. Anat. 24:339–349, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards an Efficient Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Review of Processes and Materials
Authors: Chen De , He Li
Published: January 2011

Concerning the enhancement of H2 yield and selectivity, simplification of the H2 production process, and convenience of CO2 sequestration, hydrocarbon steam reforming integrated with in situ CO2 capture is a promising pathway for the production of hydrogen‐rich gas. The great potential of sorption enhanced reactions has been explored in many processes for sustainable H2 production from biomass, such as biomass steam gasification, tar elimination, the steam reforming of sugars, bio‐oil, biomass‐derived oxygenates, and bio‐gas, the upgrading of biomass‐derived synthesis gas, etc. The experimental demonstrations and thermodynamic analysis of current relevant studies have confirmed the benefits and flexibility of sorption enhanced reforming reactions. Catalyst properties are critical with respect to maximizing H2 yield and selectivity in the conversion of biomass or biomass‐derived chemicals through integrated reactions. Preferential CC cleavage is desirable for high selectivity to synthesis gas and a low selectivity to hydrocarbons. Based on the general principles of selective CC cleavage, activity for the water gas shift reaction and reduction of coking potential, the guidelines for a catalyst screen are discussed with a focus on the particular requirements of sorption enhanced H2 production. The performance of the CO2 acceptor is also important in improving H2 production efficiency. The application challenges and new development of CaO‐based materials as CO2 acceptors are also addressed.
Donor–Acceptor Oligorotaxanes Made to Order
Authors: Basu Subhadeep , Coskun Ali , Friedman Douglas C. , Olson Mark A. , Benítez Diego , Tkatchouk Ekaterina , Barin Gokhan , Yang Jeffrey , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Goddard William A. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: January 2011

Five donor–acceptor oligorotaxanes made up of dumbbells composed of tetraethylene glycol chains, interspersed with three and five 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene units, and terminated by 2,6‐diisopropylphenoxy stoppers, have been prepared by the threading of discrete numbers of cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) rings, followed by a kinetically controlled stoppering protocol that relies on click chemistry. The well‐known copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition between azide functions placed at the ends of the polyether chains and alkyne‐bearing stopper precursors was employed during the final kinetically controlled template‐directed synthesis of the five oligorotaxanes, which were characterized subsequently by 1H NMR spectroscopy at low temperature (233 K) in deuterated acetonitrile. The secondary structures, as well as the conformations, of the five oligorotaxanes were unraveled by spectroscopic comparison with the dumbbell and ring components. By focusing attention on the changes in chemical shifts of some key probe protons, obtained from a wide range of low‐temperature spectra, a picture emerges of a high degree of folding within the thread protons of the dumbbells of four of the five oligorotaxanes—the fifth oligorotaxane represents a control compound in effect—brought about by a combination of CH⋅⋅⋅O and π–π stacking interactions between the π‐electron‐deficient bipyridinium units in the rings and the π‐electron‐rich 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene units and polyether chains in the dumbbells. The secondary structures of a foldamer‐like nature have received further support from a solid‐state superstructure of a related [3]pseudorotaxane and density functional calculations performed thereon.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhombohedrally Distorted γ‐Brasses Cr1‐xFexGa.
Authors: Ko Hyunjin , Gourdon Olivier , Gout Delphine , Mun Eun‐Deok , Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Miller Gordon J.
Published: January 2011

The title compounds are characterized by EDS, powder and single crystal XRD, neutron powder diffraction (Cr0.5Fe0.5Ga), magnetic measurements, and TB‐LMTO electronic structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Crystal Growth of the Potassium Niobate and Potassium Tantalate Family of Crystals.
Authors: Mann Matthew , Jackson Summer , Kolis Joseph
Published: January 2011

KNbO3 (I), KTaO3 (II), and KTa0.56Nb0.44O3 (III) are prepared by solid state reactions of appropriate mixtures of K2CO3 and Ta2O5 and/or Nb2O5 (950 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: B‐Site Ordered Perovskite LaSrMnNbO6: Synthesis, Structure and Antiferromagnetism.
Authors: Yang Tao , Perkisas Tyche , Hadermann Joke , Croft Mark , Ignatov Alexander , Greenblatt Martha
Published: January 2011

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of La2O3, SrCO3, Mn2O3, and Nb2O5 (1% H2/Ar dynamic flow, 1275 °C, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of the New Antimonide Hf3Cu2Ge3.58Sb1.42.
Authors: Guch Mykhailo , Sankar Cheriyedath Raj , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: January 2011

The new title compound is synthesized by arc melting of a mixture of Hf, Cu, and Ge (3:2:3.58) and subsequent reaction with Sb (1323 K, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Ligands Based on (+)‐α‐Pinene.
Authors: Koneva E. A. , Korchagina D. V. , Gatilov Yu. V. , Genaev A. M. , Krysin A. P. , Volcho K. P. , Tolstikov A. G. , Salakhutdinov N. F.
Published: January 2011

A range of novel chiral Schiff base and amine compounds based on α‐pinene is synthesized and used as ligands in the vanadium‐catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of thioanisole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Substituted Indenones and Piperidine‐2,6‐diones from the Baylis—Hillman Acetates.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Lenin Dandamudi V.
Published: January 2011

Treatment of Baylis—Hillman acetates with diphenylacetonitrile (II) or phenylacetonitrile (X) provides access to the corresponding 2‐benzylidene‐4‐cyanobutanoates (III) and (XI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Protonation of Silyl Enol Ethers: Scope, Limitations, and Application to the Preparation of Enantioenriched Homoisoflavones.
Authors: Poisson Thomas , Gembus Vincent , Dalla Vincent , Oudeyer Sylvain , Levacher Vincent
Published: January 2011

In the presence of Ph‐CO‐F/EtOH and (DHQ)2‐AQN, silyl enol ethers smoothly undergo enantioselective protonation giving chiral ketones with up to 92% e.e..
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alkanols with CeIII—LiBr—H2O2 System.
Authors: Nikishin G. I. , Sokova L. L. , Kapustina N. I.
Published: January 2011

Oxidation of primary and secondary alkanols to esters and ketones, resp., is achieved using a Ce(NO3)2—LiBr—H2O2 systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl Azide: A Shelf‐Stable Diazo Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of Azides from Primary Amines.
Authors: Suarez Jose Ramon , Trastoy Beatriz , Perez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Marin‐Barrios Ruben , Chiara Jose Luis
Published: January 2011

The title reagent is also successfully applied to the one‐pot regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles by a subsequent inter‐ or intramolecular azide—alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed ortho‐Selective Functionalization of Phenols: A Straightforward Strategy Towards the 2′‐Hydroxyphenyl‐1,2‐dione Skeleton.
Authors: Guo Xingwei , Li Wenjuan , Li Zhiping
Published: January 2011

The reactions of simple phenols with α‐hydroxy ketones provide a novel and efficient method to construct 2′‐hydroxyphenyl‐1,2‐dione derivatives such as (III) and (V) or the cyclized analogue (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck Coupling with Dioxygen as the Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Huang Shijun , Su Weiping , Hong Maochun
Published: January 2011

Increasing dioxygen pressure results in some cases in the higher yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Preparation of (Z)‐1,2‐Difluorostilbenes.
Authors: Burton Donald J. , Wesolowski C. A. , Liu Qibo , Davis Charles R.
Published: January 2011

Routes to both symmetrical and unsymmetrical (Z)‐1,2‐difluorostilbenes are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Negishi‐Like Couplings Between Alkenyl and Alkyl Halides in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Krasovskiy Arkady , Duplais Christophe , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: January 2011

The procedure is very simple and the reaction proceeds mostly with retention of the stereoconfiguration of the alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclohexanones via Phase Transfer Catalyzed Double Addition of Nucleophiles to Divinyl Ketones.
Authors: Silvanus Andrew C. , Groombridge Benjamin J. , Andrews Benjamin I. , Kociok‐Koehn Gabriele , Carbery David R.
Published: January 2011

A simple and diastereoselective method to prepare functionalized cyclohexanones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Ketones: From Metal—Organic Frameworks to Simple Base Catalysts.
Authors: Addis Daniele , Zhou Shaolin , Das Shoubhik , Junge Kathrin , Kosslick Hendrik , Harloff Joerg , Lund Henrik , Schulz Axel , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2011

The remarkably simple method for hydrosilylation/desilylation of a variety of aromatic ketones and aldehydes (V) uses the bases NaOH or (catalytic) KOtBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Benzylation of Aldehydes via Photoredox Organocatalysis.
Authors: Shih Hui‐Wen , Vander Wal Mark N. , Grange Rebecca L. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: January 2011

The first enantioselective α‐benzylation of aldehydes with electron‐deficient aryl and heteroaryl substrates proceeds in the presence of a chiral imidazolidinone organocatalyst, an iridium photoredox catalyst, and in the presence of household fluorescent light.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Aminosulfonation of Hydrocarbons by Imidoiodinanes. A Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation.
Authors: Lamar Angus A. , Nicholas Kenneth M.
Published: January 2011

The title reaction allows a new and effective access to various sulfonamides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Heterobimetallic Ni/La‐Salan Complex for Catalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative 1,4‐Addition of Malonic Acid Half‐Thioester.
Authors: Furutachi Makoto , Mouri Shinsuke , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: January 2011

The method is applied to a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic nitroalkenes to afford the products with high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Application of SBA‐15‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Suzuki Reaction in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Feng Xiujuan , Yan Mei , Zhang Tao , Liu Ying , Bao Ming
Published: January 2011

The surfaces of SBA‐15 are modified by a phosphine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Regioselectively Functionalized Pyrenes via Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Electrocyclization.
Authors: Walker D. Barney , Howgego Joshua , Davis Anthony P.
Published: January 2011

The synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrenes (VII) and (IX) is based on cycloisomerization of diethynyl biphenyl precursors (VI) and (VIII) using either platinum or gold salts as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4‐Oxocarboxylic Acids and 5‐Substituted 3H‐Furan‐2‐ones with 1,2‐Binucleophiles of Aromatic and Alicyclic Series.
Authors: Grinev V. S. , Amal'chieva O. A. , Egorova A. Yu. , Lyubun E. V.
Published: January 2011

5‐Substituted furan‐2‐ones and their precursors, 4‐substituted 4‐oxocarboxylic acids, readily react with the title binucleophiles furnishing tricyclic azolidine structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzisoxazoles by the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Arynes and Oxaziridines.
Authors: Kivrak Arif , Larock Richard C.
Published: January 2011

It provides a new method to prepare dihydrobenzisoxazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Molecular Oxygen as a Reoxidant in the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization/Intramolecular C—S Bond Formation.
Authors: Inamoto Kiyofumi , Hasegawa Chisa , Kawasaki Junpei , Hiroya Kou , Doi Takayuki
Published: January 2011

2‐Arylbenzothiazoles are formed by cyclization of thiobenzanilides under an O2 atmosphere in the presence of added CsF, which greatly enhances the cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 3‐ and 5‐Formylpyridin‐2‐ones in the Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1,6‐naphthyridinone Derivatives.
Authors: Medvedeva M. I. , Tugusheva N. Z. , Alekseeva L. M. , Evstratova M. I. , Kiselev S. S. , Chernyshev V. V. , Avramenko G. V. , Granik V. G.
Published: January 2011

Aryl‐substituted formylpyridinones are synthesized from enaminoamides, and transformed into several different naphthyridinones as well as related tricyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Iminothiophen‐3(2H)‐ones from 3H‐1,2‐Dithiol‐3‐ones.
Authors: Ogurtsov Vladimir A. , Karpychev Yurii V. , Pestravkina Dar'ya A. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Rakitin Oleg A.
Published: January 2011

The reaction of 3H‐1,2‐dithiol‐3‐ones of type (I), (IV), and (VII) with isonitriles yields the corresponding 2‐iminothiophen‐3(2H)‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphtho‐ and Benzo[g]quinoxalino‐Fused Oxazocinoquinolinones and Their Diaryl and Alkynyl Analogues from Quinolin‐8‐ols: A Library of Novel Polynuclear Heteroaromatics.
Authors: Paira Rupankar , Maity Arindam , Naskar Subhendu , Mondal Shyamal , Paira Priyankar , Hazra Abhijit , Sahu Krishnendu B. , Saha Pritam , Banerjee Sukdeb , Mondal Nirup B.
Published: January 2011

A phase transfer promoted synthesis of halogen‐substituted title compounds such as (III) and (VIII) is described and their utility in Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from Compound Changweikang and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Nitric Oxide Production.
Authors: Liu Ming‐sheng , Liu Chang , Zhang Xiao‐po , Sheng Lin , Zhang Jun‐qing , Kang Sheng‐li
Published: January 2011

The new drimane sesquiterpenoids changweikangic acid A (I) and B (II) are isolated from the Chinese patent drug Compound Changweikang which is made from the aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants.
ChemInform Abstract: New 3β,5α,6β‐Trihydroxysteroids from the Octocorals Bebryce sp. (Plexauridae) and Carijoa sp. (Clavulariidae).
Authors: Sung Ping‐Jyun , Liu Chih‐Yang
Published: January 2011

The novel hydroxysteroids (I)—(III) are isolated from the freeze‐dried material of both marine species mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Heteroaryl Aminosaccharide Derivatives as Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Signaling Modulators.
Authors: Dong Jin , Yao Shuowei , Zhou Xiaodong , Zhang Lijuan , Xu Yungen
Published: January 2011

A series of N‐heteroaryl aminosaccharide derivatives is synthesized as small molecular heparin mimics.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrolides of the Bafilomycin Family Produced by Streptomyces sp. CS
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Chunhua , Shen Yuemao
Published: January 2011

isolation, structure and cytotoxicities of new 16‐membered macrolides (I)—(III)
ChemInform Abstract: New Xanthoquinodin‐Like Compounds, JBIR‐97, ‐98 and ‐99, Obtained from Marine Sponge‐Derived Fungus Tritirachium sp. SpB081112MEf2
Authors: Ueda Jun‐ya , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: January 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity of diastereomers JBIR‐97/98 (I) and JBIR‐99 (II)
ChemInform Abstract: A New 16‐Membered Tetraene Macrolide JBIR‐100 (I) from a Newly Identified Streptomyces Species.
Authors: Ueda Jun‐ya , Hashimoto Junko , Yamamura Hideki , Hayakawa Masayuki , Takagi Motoki , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: January 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity
ChemInform Abstract: Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Constituents from Gloiopeltis furcata.
Authors: Fang Zhe , Jeong Su Yang , Jung Hyun Ah , Choi Jae Sue , Min Byung Sun , Woo Mi Hee
Published: January 2011

Activity‐directed isolation results in the identification of compounds (I) and (II) as novel constituents of the title seaweed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cations in Control: Crystal Engineering Polyoxometalate Clusters Using Cation Directed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: January 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine as a Ligand Substituent in Organometallic Chemistry: A Second Chance and a Second Research Career
Authors: Hughes Russell P.
Published: January 2011

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Specific Features of the Structure of Coordination Polymers of Silver with Ditopic Nitrogen‐Containing Ligands
Authors: Kokunov Yu. V. , Gorbunova Yu. E.
Published: January 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Mediated Activation of Tetravalent Silicon Compounds: A Critical Evaluation.
Authors: Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: January 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Polymers Using (2‐Pyridyl)alkylamine‐Appended Carboxylates: Magnetic Properties
Authors: Arora Himanshu , Mukherjee Rabindranath
Published: January 2011

Review: about 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2009
Authors: Dolle Roland E. , Le Bourdonnec Bertrand , Worm Karin , Morales Guillermo A. , Thomas Craig J. , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2011

Review: 383 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Practical BINOL‐Derived Acid—Base Combined Salt Catalysts for the Asymmetric Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: January 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Surface‐Confined Architectures Created by Self‐Assembly of Triangular Phenylene—Ethynylene Macrocycles via van der Waals Interaction.
Authors: Tahara Kazukuni , Lei Shengbei , Adisoejoso Jinne , De Feyter Steven , Tobe Yoshito
Published: January 2011

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Dihydrogen by Non‐Metal Systems
Authors: Stephan Douglas W.
Published: January 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Synthetic Methodologies of Peptide Thioesters
Authors: Shigenaga Akira , Sato Kohei , Otaka Akira
Published: January 2011

Review: ca. 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Material Supported on GaAs (001) or Gold for Drug Development
Authors: Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Shuto Satoshi
Published: January 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bridging the Gap: Making the Link in Mechanically Interlocked Chiral Molecules.
Authors: Dixon Isabelle M. , Rapenne Gwenael
Published: January 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Beginnings of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Kirmse Wolfgang
Published: January 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Capturing the Essence of Organic Synthesis: From Bioactive Natural Products to Designed Molecules in Today′s Medicine
Authors: Ghosh Arun K.
Published: January 2011

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Field Effects in π‐Conjugated Systems
Authors: Ehrenfreund E. , Vardeny Z. V.
Published: January 2011

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Role of Gold Nanoparticles for Improved Analytical Methods: An Introduction to Characterizations and Applications
Authors: Wu Chung‐Shu , Liu Fu‐Ken , Ko Fu‐Hsiang
Published: January 2011

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Oriented Molecules
Authors: Ramanathan K. V. , Lobo Nitin P. , Khetrapal C. L.
Published: January 2011

Review: 271 refs.
Switching rate and receiver performance of binary modulations with the selection‐and‐stay combining over independent and correlated Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Chau Yawgeng A. , Chen Yao‐Hua
Published: January 2011

The dual‐branch selection‐and‐stay combining (SSTC) is analyzed for diversity reception on independent and correlated Nakagami‐m fading channels, where the conventional selection combining (SC) is employed only at the switching instance, and the receiver uses the selected branch till its signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimation is lower than a preset threshold. In this combining scheme, the receiver only needs to continuously estimate the SNR of the single selected branch. For the performance analysis of SSTC, the switching rate and the average bit error rates (BERs) of different binary coherent and non‐coherent modulations are evaluated. Numerical results based on the analysis and simulations are illustrated. According to the analysis and numerical results, the SSTC outperforms the existing switch‐and‐stay combining in the senses of the average BER and switching rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling TCP SACK performance over wireless channels with completely reliable ARQ/FEC
Authors: Dunaytsev Roman , Moltchanov Dmitri , Koucheryavy Yevgeni , Harju Jarmo
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we propose an analytical cross‐layer model for a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection running over a covariance‐stationary wireless channel with a completely reliable Automatic Repeat reQuest scheme combined with Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. Since backbone networks today are highly overprovisioned, we assume that the wireless channel is the only one bottleneck in the system which causes packets to be buffered at the wired/wireless interface and dropped as a result of buffer overflow. We develop the model in two steps. At the first step, we consider the service process of the wireless channel and derive the probability distribution of the time required to successfully transmit an IP packet over the wireless channel. This distribution is used at the next step of the modeling, where we derive expressions for the TCP long‐term steady‐state throughput, the mean round‐trip time, and the spurious timeout probability. The developed model allows to quantify the joint effect of many implementation‐specific parameters on the TCP performance over both correlated and non‐correlated wireless channels. We also demonstrate that TCP spurious timeouts, reported in some empirical studies, do not occur when wireless channel conditions are covariance‐stationary and their presence in those measurements should be attributed to non‐stationary behavior of the wireless channel characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of server load estimation by using requested file size for web server clusters
Authors: Satake Shinsuke , Inai Hiroshi , Arai Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2011

Several dynamic load‐balancing methods for web server clusters have been proposed. In order to realize effective load‐balancing, they have required almost real‐time server load information, which could be obtained by observation of client server interactions or by frequent polling from the load‐balancer (dispatcher) to each server. However, observation provides indirect server load information and the polling interval produces a time lag. To overcome that problem, this paper proposes a load‐balancing method based on server load estimation. Under our method, the load‐balancer selects the estimated least‐loaded server, then delivers arriving requests to that server. The estimation is based on the fact that the file transfer delay is proportional to the file size. The fact makes it possible to estimate the load on each server from the last request delivery time and the file size. A performance comparison with the previously proposed methods indicates that our method can achieve an effective load balancing of web server clusters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 59–66, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10274
Estimation of metabolic characteristics of heat‐injured bacteria by dielectrophoretic impedance measurement
Authors: Amako Eri , Enjoji Takaharu , Uchida Satoshi , Tochikubo Fumiyoshi
Published: January 2011

Constant monitoring and immediate control of fermentation processes have been required for advanced quality preservation in the food industry. In the present work, simple estimation of metabolic states for heat‐injured Escherichia coli in a micro‐cell was investigated by a dielectrophoretic impedance measurement (DEPIM) method. The temporal change in conductance across a micro‐gap (ΔG) was measured for various heat treatment temperatures. In addition, the dependence of the enzyme activity, growth capacity, and membrane situation for E. coli on the heat treatment temperature was also analyzed by conventional biological methods. Consequently, a correlation between ΔG and those biological properties was obtained quantitatively. This result suggests that the DEPIM method will be an effective technique for monitoring complex changes in various biological states of microorganisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 9–16, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10321
Stability of networked control system with dynamic quantizer and data‐driven zero‐order hold
Authors: Konaka Eiji
Published: January 2011

High‐speed communication networks, such as the Internet, have recently seen rapid development. This has facilitated the construction of control systems that employ these networks. However, these systems have two major problems: (i) bit rate limitation, and (ii) network unreliability, such as delays, data dropouts, etc. In this study, dynamic quantization is used to overcome the first problem. For the second problem, data‐driven zero‐order hold is used to suppress the effect of stochastic data dropout through an unreliable network. The stochastic stability of the system is analyzed and the sufficient condition for stability is derived in this study. Finally, the proposed method is validated through some experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(2): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10329
A Dinuclear Gold(I)–Silver(I) Derivative of 2‐Cyclopentylidene‐2‐sulfanylacetic Acid and Related Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Properties and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Barreiro Elena , Casas José S. , Couce María D. , Laguna Antonio , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Sánchez Agustin , Sordo José , Varela José M. , López Ezequiel M. Vázquez
Published: January 2011

The dinuclear complex [AgAu(PPh3)2cpa] (H2cpa = 2‐cyclopentylidene‐2‐sulfanylacetic acid) was prepared by treating the precursor [Au(PPh3)(Hcpa)] with Ag(PPh3)NO3. The complex was characterised by spectroscopic methods (IR; 1H, 13C, 31P NMR) and mass spectrometry, and the structure was solved by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Luminescence and theoretical studies were carried out, and the antitumor activity was studied in vitro against HeLa‐229, A2780 and A2780cis cell lines. The related gold(I)–gold(I), [(AuPPh3)2cpa], and silver(I)–silver(I), [(AgPPh3)2cpa], compounds were also prepared and studied in the solid state and in solution.
Immobilized DMAP Derivatives Rivaling Homogeneous DMAP
Authors: D'Elia Valerio , Liu Yinghao , Zipse Hendrik
Published: January 2011

The copper‐catalyzed Huisgen reaction between azides and alkynes was utilized to covalently attach derivatives of 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) to a polystyrene resin (PS) support. The catalytic potential of these constructs as determined in acylation and aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions far exceeds that of commercially available DMAP‐PS resins and is fully competitive with DMAP in homogeneous solution.