bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mother of all battles: Viruses vs humans. Can humans avoid extinction in 50–100 years?
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: January 2022

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which is causing COVID-19 disease, has taught us unexpected lessons about the dangers of human suffering through highly contagious and lethal diseases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is now being partially controlled by various isolation measures, therapeutics, and vaccines, it became clear that our current lifestyle and societal functions may not be sustainable in the long term. We now have to start thinking and planning on how to face the next dangerous pandemic, not just overcoming the one that is upon us now. Is there any evidence that even worse pandemics could strike us in the near future and threaten the existence of the human race? The answer is unequivocally yes. It is not necessary to get infected by viruses found in bats, pangolins, and other exotic animals that live in remote forests to be in danger. Creditable scientific evidence indicates that the human gut microbiota harbor billions of viruses that are capable of affecting the function of vital human organs such as the immune system, lung, brain, liver, kidney, or heart. It is remotely possible that the development of pathogenic variants in the gut can lead to contagious viruses, which can cause pandemics, leading to the destruction of vital organs, causing death or various debilitating diseases such as blindness, respiratory, liver, heart, and kidney failures. These diseases could result in the complete shutdown of our civilization and probably the gradual extinction of the human race. This essay will comment on a few independent pieces of scientific facts, and then combine this information to come up with some (but certainly not all) hypothetical scenarios that could cause human race misery, even extinction, in the hope that these hypothetical scenarios will trigger preventative measures that could reverse or delay the projected adverse outcomes.
From ‘clubs’ to ‘clocks’: lexical semantic extensions in Dene languages
Authors: Snoek Conor
Published: January 2022

This study examines the semantics of a root form underlying a wide range of Dene lexical expressions. The root evolved from a simple nominal denoting “club” to expressions lexicalizing the movement of stick-like objects and the rotation of helicopter blades. These semantic extensions arise through source-in-target and target-in-source metonymies. Drawing on Cognitive Linguistics, especially the theory of metonymy, offers a method of describing the range of meanings expressed by this root in a concise manner. Focusing on the results of metonymic meaning extensions also opens the way to addressing questions in the history of Dene languages. This study contributes to increasing the typological scope of Cognitive Linguistic approaches and argues for the usefulness of the theory in addressing problems in Dene linguistics.
“Resources at Hand, Head, and Heart”: ‘Heightened Habitus’ as an Endogenous Resource in Immigrant Entrepreneurial Bricolage
Authors: Griffin-EL Eliada , Olabisi Joy
Published: January 2022

Bricolage is commonly recognized as a practice of non-traditional resource mobilization by immigrant entrepreneurs within their country of residence. When the host country is in an adversarial social and institutional context characterized by the liability of foreignness, we posit that accessing “resources at hand” in the external environment is hampered by anti-immigrant sentiments, both socially and institutionally. Through a rigorous analysis of eight cases of immigrant entrepreneurs and their South African-based enterprises, we apply Bourdieu’s theory of practice to examine the practice of bricolage at a more nuanced level. Our findings suggest that the localized prejudice against immigrants ‘otherizes’ their foreignness, and in turn, heightens the entrepreneurs’ awareness of their habitus. We argue that the immigrants’ ‘heightened habitus’ represents an internalization of both cognitive (i.e. resources at head) and adaptive (i.e. resources at heart) dispositions informed by the home country, and which serve as crucial endogenous resources by which to reimagine and reconstruct external resources accessed via local social capital. We present the novel theoretical contribution of immigrant entrepreneurial bricolage as the utilization of both endogenous resources at head and heart, which are activated by – and intended to overcome – their liability of foreignness. Our contribution also aims to reconstruct the frequently referenced exogenous resources at hand.
A severe oxaliplatin immune-induced syndrome after oxaliplatin-based pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)
Authors: Ezanno Anne-Cecile , Malgras Brice , Aoun Olivier , Delarge Amaury , Doreille Alice , Pocard Marc
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Oxaliplatin immune-induced syndrome (OIIS) was recently recognized as an uncommon complication of oxaliplatin therapy.

Methods

We report an exceptionally OIIS after pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC).

Results

Our patient developed a severe OIIS probably related to the intraperitoneal administration of oxaliplatin. Specific tests were performed and detected high-titer antibodies to oxaliplatin.

Conclusions

The OIIS is a rare. Physicians had to be aware of that clinical situation because it could be reversible, even in case of peritoneal advanced disease, and ICU treatment is justified.
Finance for Green Chemistry through Currency Mix
Authors: Watanabe Joji
Published: January 2022

Introduction of green chemistry will require a large sum of finance to conduct basic research and develop applications at various research institutes in the public and private sector. To meet the financial needs, the author suggests a change in the currency system commonly applied in most countries to a mix of debt currency and equity currency, in which the latter means currency directly issued by the government, thereby avoiding arguments on the upper limit of government bond issuance. In most advanced economies potentially with large excess supply capacities, bad inflation never takes place as long as workers can work in peace under good securities, and as long as additional budget can be used in proper manners. This new currency issuance system for sufficient public funding will not only support research and realization of green chemistry, but also solve social problems by assisting the underprivileged, etc.
Inequality in Education: A Comparison of Australian Indigenous and Nonindigenous Populations
Authors: Gunawan David , Griffiths William , Chotikapanich Duangkamon
Published: January 2022

Data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey is used to estimate distributions for the level of educational attainment for Australian indigenous and nonindigenous populations for the years 2001, 2006, 2014 and 2017. Bayesian inference is used to analyse how these ordinal categorical distributions have changed over time and to compare indigenous and nonindigenous distributions. Both the level of educational attainment and inequality in educational attainment are considered. To compare changes in levels over time, as well as inequality between the two populations, first order stochastic dominance and an index of educational poverty are used. To examine changes in inequality over time, two inequality indices and generalised Lorenz dominance are considered. Results are presented in terms of posterior densities for the indices and posterior probabilities for dominance for the dominance comparisons. We find some evidence of improvement over time, especially in the lower parts of the indigenous distribution and that inequality has significantly increased from 2001 to 2017.
Structural characterization of benzketozone monohydrate
Authors: Tillaeva Umida , Ashurov Jamshid , Tillaeva Gulnora , Nabiev Abdusamat , Sabirov Vahobjon
Published: January 2022

The structure of benzketozone monohydrate, C9H9N3O2S·H2O (BKZ), was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical (DFT) and IR spectroscopy methods. The nitrogen atoms of the amino and imine groups of the thiosemicarbazide fragment are stabilized in the cis-configuration. The bond length N–C in the thiosemicarbazide group is unusually short (1.306(3) Å) as a result of the p,π-conjugation in that group. The hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions are studied by Hirshfeld surface calculations. The geometrical parameters of the structures were optimized by density functional theory.
Australian Indigenous sensory knowledge systems in creative practices
Authors: Cameron Liz
Published: January 2022

The process of making is transmitting knowledge through an act of doing. Perceiving the body as a multisensory being pushes Australian Aboriginal artistic encounters that challenge other ways of thinking and doing. This article explores the nexus between Indigenous knowledge and creative practice as an embodied theoretical framework based on the human senses that may assist artists in deconstructing their current conventical thinking and broaden their interaction by deeply connecting with self and the environment. This article aims to highlight Indigenous practice-based methodologies that can inform the artist to practice research and teaching resources. Examining Indigenous creative knowledge systems can enable artists to experience not only an acquisition of content of Indigenous practices but develop a unique methodological Indigenous approach to how our senses offer a valuable contribution to the making experience.
Influence of Momentum-Dependent Interactions on the Nuclear Stopping in Symmetric Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Kaur M. , Kumar S.
Published: January 2022

The role of momentum-dependent interactions (MDI) in the nuclear stopping at intermediate energies using an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model is studied. The calculations are performed for incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. Our findings show that the nuclear stopping is sensitive to the impact parameter, incident energy, and the mass of the colliding system. The degree of stopping is suppressed by the inclusion of MDI, whereas the particle production is not affected by MDI.
Вплив перенесення випромінювання на відхилення від рівноважного стану щільної електродугової плазми: критеріальний підхід
Authors: Жовтянський В.А. , Лелюх Ю.І. , Ткаченко Я.В.
Published: January 2022

Принципово оцінено роль процесів випромінювання з урахуванням його перенесення щодо відхилення від рівноважного стану щільної електродугової плазми атмосферного тиску. Задачу розглянуто на прикладі електричної дуги циліндричної форми, стабілізованої стінкою. Розв'язок отримано у варіанті критерію застосовності припущення локальної термодинамічної рівноваги з урахуванням ролі процесів перенесення випромінювання у плазмі та його втрат. Дані числового моделювання доводять наявність ефектів відхилення від рівноважного розподілу заселення між резонансними та основним енергетичними рівнями атомів міді в умовах, що моделюють стан плазми в атмосферній електричній дузі між плавкими мідними електродами.
Електроміграційна модель деградації металооксидних варисторних структур
Authors: Іванченко О.В. , Тонкошкур О.С.
Published: January 2022

Наведено результати моделювання впливу міграції іонів у напівпровідникових кристалітах оксиду цинку при тривалому протіканні робочого електричного струму на вольт-амперні характеристики варисторних структур і визначення умов та параметрів, придатних для контролю процесу їхньої незворотної деградації.
Встановлено, що більш схильна до змін (накопичення приповерхневої концентрації донорів, зменшення висоти й товщини) складова міжкристалітного потенціального бар'єра, яка утворюється областю просторового заряду кристаліта, є зворотно зміщеною під час протікання деградаційного струму. У процесі деградації варисторна ділянка прямої (стосовно струму деградації) гілки вольт-амперної характеристики (ВАХ) більше зміщується в область менших напруг, а струм витоку більше зростає для слабонелінійної ділянки зворотної гілки ВАХ.
Показано відповідність тенденцій зміни основних варисторних параметрів (зниження класифікаційної напруги, зменшення коефіцієнта нелінійності та збільшення струму витоку), котрі одержані з аналізу розвинутої моделі, відомим експериментальним даним і можливість оцінки коефіцієнта дифузії заряджених донорів та використання цього параметра у контролі працездатності виробів на основі варисторних оксидно-цинкових структур з тунельною вольт-амперною характеристикою.
Адсорбція молекулярного кисню на по-верхню Si1–xGex/Si(001)
Authors: Гринчук О.А. , Афанас'єва Т.В. , Коваль І.П. , Находкін М.Г.
Published: January 2022

За допомогою розрахунків із перших принципів якісно розглянуто адсорбцію молекули O2 на поверхню Si1–xGex/Si(001) та визначено стабільні адсорбційні конфігурації молекулярного кисню. O2 недисоціативно хемадсорбуються на поверхню Si1–xGex/Si(001). У випадку, коли поверхняSi1–xGex/Si(001) представлена чистими Si–Si та змішаними Si–Ge аддимерами, адсорбція молекул O2 проходить без подолання бар'єра. У випадку, коли поверхня представлена чистими Ge–Ge аддимерами, бар'єр для адсорбції не перевищує 0,1 еВ. Адсорбція молекули O2 супроводжується зміною спінового стану системи з триплетного на синглетний та зменшенням хімічної активності поверхні.
Взаємодія ізотропної наночастинки з дрейфуючими електронами у квантовій ямі
Authors: Кочелап В.О. , Кухтарук С.М.
Published: January 2022

Розглянуто гібридні системи, що складаються з наночастинки та напівпровідникової гетероструктури з квантовою ямою. Наночастинка є такою, що поляризується у сторонньому електричному полі. Обґрунтовано та сформульовано модель гібридної системи. Отримано точні розв'язки рівнянь. Знайдені частоти коливань зарядів гібридної системи та їх додаткове загасання, що зумовлено взаємодією диполя з плазмонами. Природа додаткового загасання подібна до загасання Ландау. Проаналізовано поведінку в часі та просторі збурень концентрації двовимірних електронів. Досліджено поляризаційні коливання наночастинки. Знайдено, що при ненульових дрейфових швидкостях наведена поляризація характеризується складною динамікою. Зокрема, для двох із трьох гілок частотної дисперсії вектор поляризації обертається по еліптичних траєкторіях. У випадку, коли до квантової ями прикладене поле та тече струм, загасання змінюється на наростання коливань гібридної системи у часі, що відповідає електричній нестійкості гібридної системи. Нові явища в гібридних системах можуть бути застосовані для збудження випромінювання наночастинок струмом та для електричної генерації випромінювання в терагерцовій області спектра.
Spectrum of Presentations and Management Strategies in Renal Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Khaddam Sinan , Gulati Shuchi
Published: January 2022

Renal angiomyolipoma (rAML) occurs rarely sporadically but is commonly encountered in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. rAML is a rare entity, not seen regularly in daily practice; however, is commonly encountered and diagnosed by clinicians who approach and treat kidney masses. Basic knowledge of this entity is necessary to recognize that despite being benign, these tumors can rarely cause deadly complications such as hemorrhage or severe renal dysfunction or may have malignant components associated with them.
Gunpowder Production of Pre-Petrine Russia in the Native Historiography
Authors: Timofey Alexeev
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of interpreting the initial period of gunpowder production in Russia, namely the period between the emergence of firearms in the country (late 14th century) and the beginning of Peter the Great’s reign (late 17th century) in the native historiography. The urgency of this work is defined by the importance of further examinationof genesis of the military industry in Russia at the initial stages of its development and by the necessity to summarize the accumulated material on this subject researchin the native historiography. The goal of the paper is to paint a holistic picture of the Russian gunpowder industry at the point of its creation and through the first centuries of its development. This goal can be achieved through completing the following research objectives: assembling a complete corpus of Russian studies on the subject from the pre-Revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet period; subjecting these studies to a critical analysis; reviewing the progress of gunpowder production, as well as the production of gunpowder’s main components (saltpeter and sulfur), at different points of the industry’s early history; determining which factors served as the industry’s development drivers; illustrating how the public and private sectors were formed within the industry; pinpointing the impact of external factors on the industry’s emergence and development. Basing our study on the principles of historical accuracy and lack of bias we use such tools as analysis (including retrospective analysis), simulation, historical genesis review and timeline making. As a result of this studyit has been determined that due to the limited availability of research sources there is a lack of the Russian historiographers’ agreed views on many key aspects of the emergence and development of gunpowder and saltpeter production. At the same time, it can be confidently stated the dominant influence of Russian authorityas well as the impact of external factors on the processes of gunpowder productionformation and development in the examined period. The present paper is considered by the author to be the initial one in a series of publications devoted to the analysis of the process of gunpowder production development in the prerevolutionary Russia.
Artillery Arsenals of the Russian Empire during the Period of Military Reforms in the 60-s-70-s of the XIX Century
Authors: Vladimir Bobkov
Published: January 2022

The relevance of the submitted research is determined by the importance of further studying the genesis of the artillery arsenals of Russia during the period of military reforms in the 60-70s of the XIX century, as well as the need for systematization and interpretation of historiographic material on this problem. In the article documentary material on the history of modernization of the artillery arsenals of the Russian Empire during the period of military reforms in the 60-70s of the XIX century has been systematized and analyzed on the present-day scientific and methodological level. On the basis of previously unknown and little-known historical sources it is illustrated that at the beginning of the Russian Arsenals transformation domestic artillery was developed very well. The experience of the Crimean War clearly demonstrated the strength of artillery of the Russian Empire which was up-to standard of our opponents’ artillery, and sometimes it was much better. The worthy state of domestic artillery induced our opponents to intensify noticeably theirproduction of artillery and this could threaten our national security in the future. Artillery production growth in foreign countries required our reaction. It isarguable that the reforms of the Russian Arsenals became the answer to the increase ofour foreign policy opponents’ artillery production (quantitative and qualitative). Realizing the reform program of domestic arsenals the military authorities of the Russian Empire refused to apply forced laborand gradually began to use free hiring of labor power. Further the modernization of the arsenals was continued. In the course of its realization domestic artillery management was centralized, the administration of Arsenals wasdismissed from organization of artillery production, the material and technical basis of the considered enterprises activity was noticeably strengthened, and a number of other important measures were carried out. As a result, all the types of Arsenals (local, movable, and district) were markedly transformed in the process of their improvement. In the article it is illustrated that conducted reforms made possible to carry out the re-equipment of the Russian Army with new artillerytubes.
About Production Engineering of Shpagin Submachine gun at Vyatskopolyansky Machinery Plant “Molot” in the Years of the Great Patriotic War.
Authors: Marina Pislegina
Published: January 2022

The 125th birthday anniversary of Georgy Semyonovich Shpagin, the famous weapon constructor, who invented the PPSh submachine gun, “the Weapon of the Great Victory” will be celebrated in 2022. During the Great Patriotic War it was produced over 5 million PPSh submachine guns and about 2,5 million units were made at Vyatskopolyansky machinery plant “Molot” under the personal leadership of constructor. It was a significant contribution to the provision of the Red Army with the small arms. The production engineering of the PPSh became the beginning of the new period in the development of Vyatskie Polyany which turned from a small workers’ settlement into a town where the machinery plant “Molot” manufactures defense products up to the present. All these facts determine the life of the town residents as far as each of them is involved in weapons production. The main goal of the research is the reconstruction of the production engineering and output of the PPSh submachine guns at Vyatskopolyansky machinery plant “Molot”. For this purpose it is necessary to trace the process of PPSh production engineering, to analyze the difficulties which arise in this process and characterize its modernization. The research made possible to evaluate the contribution of weapon constructor G.S. Shpagin and the employees of the enterprise in the victory. Until now the personality of the designer, the process of creating the PPSh and its production did not attract the attention of researchers; so, there were not published any special works devoted to the life of Shpagin and the production of a submachine gun. In the course of the work archival sources have been used, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Published memoirs of military leaders and representatives of defense enterprises produced small arms and statistical information from the plant “Molot” have also been applied. To achieve the task of the research both general scientific methods and special scientific methods were used: historical-genetic, chronological and historical-biographical ones. The use of these methods made possible to approach the achievement of the research goal comprehensively. The result of the work is a full reconstruction of the process of production engineering of the Shpagin submachine guns at Vyatskopolyansky machinery plant "Molot".
History of Building, Exploitation, Protection and Reconstruction of the Salang Tunnel (Afghanistan).
Authors: Vladimir Pryamitzyn
Published: January 2022

The history of building, exploitation, protection and reconstruction of a unique engineering structure – the Salang tunnel has been examined in this article. At the request of the Afghan authorities in the period from 1960 to 1964 the Soviet specialists made a road on a high mountain pass and built a tunnel through the Hindu Kush ridge. The work was carried out in difficult physical and geographical conditions. The road and tunnel made it possible to connect the north and south of the country by road. During the armed conflict in Afghanistan the Soviet load on the high-mountain road and the pass increased many times. Soviet and Afghan columns moved through it in a continuous stream. Miscalculations in the operation of the tunnel led to a series of accidents. In order to eliminate them and increase the capacity of the troopsthey were faced with the need to organize a special mode of automobile traffic in the tunnel and on the approaches to it. The constant attacks of the armed opposition on the tunnel and car convoys led to the creation of a significantnumber of guard outposts, conduct combat operations, negotiations with the field commanders of the mujahidin. After the Soviet withdrawal in 1997 the tunnel was blown up. The reconstruction of the unique engineering facility in 2002 was again entrusted to specialists from Russia. The relevance of the work is connected with the fact that military operations are still being conducted in Afghanistan and the tunnel, as before, is of strategic importance. Another aspect of relevance is the possible participation of the Russian Federation in the reconstruction of the existing tunnel or in the construction of a new tunnel next to the old one. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the history of the tunnel is considered comprehensively, in all its manifestations: construction, operation, defense, and restoration. The objectives of the article are to study various aspects of the history of the tunnel at the Salang pass, generalize the multifaceted activities, and draw conclusions. The purpose of the article is to obtain new scientific knowledge and familiarize the readership with the history of the tunnel on the Salang pass from the creation of the project to the present day. It has been used the approved methodology peculiar to historical research. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions were obtained from the generalized experience of construction, operation, defense and restoration of the tunnel. The article may be of interest to specialists in the history of engineering, military history, and the history of international relations.
Circulating miR-21-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-320a-3p in patients with atrial fibrillation in combination with hypertension and coronary artery disease
Authors: Vasiliev S. V. , Akselrod A. S. , Zhelankin A. V. , Schekochikhin D. Yu. , Generozov E. V. , Sharova E. I. , Stonogina D. A.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the plasma profiles of circulating extracellular microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), potentially including in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with hypertension (HTN) or coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. The study included patients with AF in combi  nation with HTN (n=21) or CAD (n=10), as well as following control groups: patients with uncomplicated HTN without AF (n=28), patients with stable CAD without AF (n=10) and healthy individuals (n=30). MiRNA samples were isolated from blood plasma of the study participants. MiRNAs were detected by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The relative plasma levels of five candidate miRNAs were estimated relative to the reference miR-16-5p.

Results. Among the analyzed circulating plasma miRNAs, a higher level of miR-320a-3p was associated with AF, while increased levels of miR 146a-5p and miR-21-5p are potentially associated with presence of both AF and CAD.

Conclusion. Differences were found in the plasma miRNA profiles (miR-21-5p, miR-320a-3p, miR-146a-5p) between patients with AF, regardless of concomitant disease (CAD or HTN), and healthy individuals in the control group.
Effect of salt intake on clinical course and hemodynamics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Poteshkina N. G. , Krylova N. S. , Maslova M. Y. , Kovalevskaya E. A. , Svanadze A. M.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between the salt intake (NaCl) and the clinical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Material and methods. Forty four patients with HCM (mean age, 60,4±15,3 years) were examined. Particular attention was paid to intraventricular obstruction and hypovolemic syncope. NaCl consumption was estimated by 24-hour urine sodium test.

Results. An inverse correlation was found between syncope and 24-hour natriuresis (r=-0,3, p=0,04). At 24-hour natriuresis <50 mmol/day,  syncope was more common (p=0,02): odds ratio (OR), 12,3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,3-121,3, p=0,03), as well as <65 mmol/day (p=0,04): OR, 8,3 (95% CI: 1,13-60,3; p=0,04). At higher 24-hour urine sodium values, no reduction in syncope risk was recorded. A correlation was found between low values of left ventricular (LV) stroke volume index (SVI) (<26 ml/m2) and 24-hour urine sodium (<50 mmol/day) (r=0,5, p=0,01). An inverse correlation was observed between LV SVI and syncope at 24-hour natriuresis <50 mmol/day (r=-0,9; p=0,05). An inverse relationship was found between the intraventricular obstruction and 24-hour urine sodium (r=-0,4, p=0,01). The prevalence of obstruction increased as natriuresis decreased: at 120 mmol/day, OR was 4,3 (95% CI: 1,01-18,6, p=0,048), at 110 mmol/day, OR — 4,6 (95% CI: 1,218,1, p=0,03), and at 100 mmol/day, OR — 4,0 (95% CI: 1,1-11,7, p=0,04). An increase in 24-hour urine sodium >130 mmol/day was not followed by a further decrease in obstruction prevalence.

Conclusion. To reduce the obstruction risk, the optimal 24-hour urine sodium level is ≥130 mmol/day (NaCl, 7,5 g/day). To reduce the syncope risk, regardless of obstruction presence, the optimal level of 24-hour natriuresis is ≥65 mmol/day (NaCl, 3,8 g/day).
Potential of optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound in the detection of vulnerable plaques in coronary arteries
Authors: Kochergin N. A. , Kochergina A. M.
Published: January 2022

Intravascular imaging of vulnerable plaques in vivo has great potential for predicting coronary events. Currently, there are several methods of intravascular imaging, which make it possible to verify the components of the plaque and, accordingly, its vulnerability. The most common are virtual-histology intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Several studies have shown that these imaging techniques can stratify the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, as well as assess the effectiveness of drug therapy. This article will describe the advantages and disadvantages of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in identifying vulnerable coronary lesions.
Healthy nutrition in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. What to focus on?
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Sedykh D. Yu. , Petrova T. S. , Kashtalap V. V. , Tsygankova D. P.
Published: January 2022

Rationalization of dietary behavior in patients after myocardial infarction is the subject of numerous discussions. Despite the proven preventive effect of a healthy diet and the benefits of certain foods in cardiovascular diseases, this type of intervention is still underused. The aim of this review was to analyze current approaches to modifying the nutrition of patients within the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. For this, 903 publications from PubMed/MEDLINE database over the past 5 years were studied. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated the highest efficacy and safety in preventing athero-thrombotic events among existing dietary patterns. However, its wide reproducibility in different regions is associated with a number of limitations. Government programs to modify and support a healthy diet beyond the conventional low-cholesterol diet may be promising in secondary prevention, especially if patients are properly monitored and motivated.
Intracoronary epinephrine and verapamil in the refractory no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Dil S. V. , Vyshlov E. V. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: January 2022

Despite modern advances in performing percutaneous coronary interventions, refractory no-reflow remains a serious problem that worsens in-hospital and long-term prognosis. Low-dose adrenaline may exhibit potent beta-receptor agonist properties that mediate coronary vasodilation.

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary administration of epinephrine and verapamil, as well as their combination, compared with standard treatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and refractory no-reflow during percutaneous coronary interventions.

Material and methods. Patients with STEMI and refractory no-reflow will be randomized into 4 groups: standard therapy, intracoronary adrenaline, intracoronary verapamil, intracoronary epinephrine + verapamil. All patients will be assessed for epicardial blood flow using the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG) scales, peak troponin levels, ST segment changes, echocardiography, magnetic roesnance imaging, and dynamic single photon emission computed tomography.

Results. Based on the pharmacodynamic effects of epinephrine and verapamil, their combination is expected to have a more potent vasodilating effect.

Conclusion. If the Intracoronary administration of EPInephrine and VERapamil in the refractory no-reflow phenomenon (EPIVER) study will be successful, a novel, more effective method for managing refractory no-reflow phenomenon will appear. This will ensure better preservation of left ventricular systolic function, as well as improve the prognosis and clinical course of the disease.
First experience of implementing residency programs at Kazan State Medical University
Authors: Maksudova A. N. , Kosterina A. V. , Kuzmina S. V. , Shamsutdinova N. G. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Kayumi K. , Sozinov A. S.
Published: January 2022

Kazan State Medical University is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia, which has extensive experience in the international education market. The publication describes the features of postgraduate training of residents, first implemented on the basis of Kazan State Medical University in cooperation with the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. The experience of introducing a competency-­based educational approach into the residency program according to the CanMEDS system is described. Each competency underlying the CanMEDS principles is considered in detail.
Main vectors in the pedagogical training of residents and postgraduate students of a medical university
Authors: Vanchakova N. P. , Vatskel E. A. , Denishenko V. A.
Published: January 2022

The article describes the specifics of pedagogical training courses for residents and postgraduate students. Analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature made it possible to assess the pedagogical activity of a doctor, and substantiate the need for its study in residency. Analysis of pedagogical training vectors for residents at the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University showed that the training program includes following vectors: development of pedagogical competencies for work in “school for patients” and psychological and pedagogical support in the process of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation; ensuring the preservation of the patient dignity; facilitating patient-­centered care. It also describes the specifics of the pedagogical training of postgraduate students, related to activities of a higher school teacher: during this stage of training, competencies are formed that are focused on pedagogical activity, teaching at a medical university. As part of the training of postgraduate students at a medical university, knowledge and skills are developed in the planning and implementation of the pedagogical process in a higher educational medical institution. At the same time, for the doctor-­teacher practitioner, the importance of all the competencies that are included in the pedagogy program for residents remains. Thus, the principle of the continuity of post­-graduate pedagogical training is implemented.
Issues of reforming professional medical education in Russia
Authors: Astanina S. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The reform of higher education is directly related to the solution of problems arising in the medical education system. The article describes the activities of the Section for the development of educational activities of therapeutic departments within the framework of the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, created to unite qualified teachers of medical education in solving problems of improving the efficiency of the process of training medical personnel in the specialty “Therapy”. The article discusses the organization of the project of the Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases on additional issues of the scientific and practical journal “Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. Professional education”, as well as the activities of the Section.
Caustics of developable surfaces
Authors: Hoffmann Miklós , Juhász Imre , Troll Ede
Published: January 2022

While considering a mirror and light rays coming either from a point source or from infinity, the reflected light rays may have an envelope, called a caustic curve. In this paper, we study developable surfaces as mirrors. These caustic surfaces, described in a closed form, are also developable surfaces of the same type as the original mirror surface. We provide efficient, algorithmic computation to find the caustic surface of each of the three types of developable surfaces (cone, cylinder, and tangent surface of a spatial curve). We also provide a potential application of the results in contemporary free-form architecture design.
Foreign Demand for U.S. Treasury Securities during the Pandemic
Authors: Weiss Colin R.
Published: January 2022

Foreign investors hold a sizable amount of U.S. Treasury securities—$7.5 trillion or about 35 percent of the total outstanding—so net purchases by foreign investors receive significant attention from a variety of sources, including academic researchers, finance professionals, and journalists. During the pandemic, foreign demand for U.S. Treasury securities has received scrutiny for a variety of reasons, including the contribution of foreign investors to the massive selloff in March 2020 (Duffie, 2020; Vissing-Jorgensen, forthcoming) and the ability of foreign investors to absorb additional Treasury securities as the Federal Reserve prepares to taper its asset purchases (Duguid and Rennison, 2021).
Osmanlı’da Esnafların İşlediği Cürümler ve Karşılaştığı Müeyyideler
Authors: ŞAHİN Talip
Published: January 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nde Esnaf, halkın ihtiyaçlarının sorunsuz bir biçimde karşılanmasını amaçlayan ve bunu yaparken mal ve hizmet üretiminden tüketimine kadar bütün aşamaları içine alan, devletin belirlemiş olduğu kurallar çerçevesinde tertipli bir biçimde işleyen bir model olarak kendisini bize göstermektedir. Devlet, esnaf birliklerini denetim altında tutmaktaydı. Esnafların mesleklerini icra ederken uyması gereken bir takım kaidelerin olduğu ve bunlara riayet edilmesi gerektiğini, hukuksal perspektiften incelenmesi önemlidir. Bilhassa ilgili otoritelerin esnafların işlemiş oldukları cürümler karşısında caydırıcı çözümler üretebilmesi için sorunların yerinde tespiti gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada Osmanlı esnafının işlemiş oldukları cürümler ve karşılaşmış oldukları müeyyideler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı; esnafların işlemiş oldukları cürümleri ortaya koymak ve neticesinde karşılaşmış oldukları müeyyideleri vurgulamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada başta payitaht olmak üzere çeşitli şehirlerden örnekler verilerek çalışmanın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için çaba sarf edilmiştir. Osmanlı esnaf camiasında en fazla karşılaşılan suçların başında; kaliteye ve belirlenen narhlara gereken önemin gösterilmediği ve özellikle halkın temel ihtiyaç kalemlerindeki düzensizlikler olduğu görülmüştür.
Mehmet Asaf’ın Bihterle Muhlis Adlı Hikâyesi ve İncelemesi
Authors: SOĞUKÖMEROĞULLARI Mehmet
Published: January 2022

Birçok türde eserleri olan Mehmet Asaf’ın inceleme konumuz olan Bihter’le Muhlis adlı hikâyesi Bihter ve Muhlis adlı iki gencin çocuk yaşta birbirlerini sevmeleri, nişanlanmaları, ancak evlenememeleri üzerine kuruludur. Eser sekiz metin halkasından oluşur ve düz bir çizgi üzerinde ilerlediği için klasik hikâye formundadır. Açık mekânların daha çok tercih edildiği metnin başlangıcı İstanbul’da, sonu ise Bursa’da geçer. Zaman unsuruna eserde yer verilmez. Ancak dolaylı olarak kolera salgını ve Hocapaşa Yangını dolayısıyla okuyucunun zamanı çıkarması beklenir. Şahıslar kadrosu oldukça geniş olmasına rağmen Bihter ve Muhlis dışında hakkında bilgi verilen şahıs yoktur. Metnin dili bazı yerlerde sade, bazı yerlerde ise ağdalıdır. Kullanılan izlekler, aşk, âfet, kalıtım, salgın ve müzik kültürüdür.
Devletin Ekonomideki Rolünün İslam İktisatçıları ile Klasik İktisatçıların Bakış Açılarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: FİDAN Murat , DİLEK Serkan
Published: January 2022

Devletin ekonomideki rolü, iktisatçıların üzerinde uzlaşamadığı temel sorulardan biridir. Adam Smith ve klasik iktisatçılar, devletin ekonomiye mümkün olduğunca az müdahale etmesi gerektiğini savunmuşlardır. 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren artan İslam ekonomisi çalışmalarında da devletin ekonomideki rolü Kuran-ı Kerim ve Hz. Muhammed (SAV) sünneti çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı devletin ekonomideki rolü hakkında İslam ekonomisi ve klasik ekonomi yaklaşımları arasındaki fark ve benzerlikleri incelemektir. Çalışmanın sonucunda piyasa fiyatlarına mümkün olduğunca müdahale etmeme konusunda her iki yaklaşımın benzer savları olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla beraber İslam ekonomisi, kamu malları arzının önemli bir kısmını vakıflar aracılığıyla gönüllü kesimin üzerine yüklemektedir. Klasik ekonomi yaklaşımı ise kamu girişimciliğine sıcak bakmamaktadır ve bu yönden de iki görüş arasında benzerlikler bulunmaktadır. Servet birikimine klasik iktisat anlayışı bir engel koymamakta hatta desteklemekte iken İslam ekonomisinde servetin tek elde toplanmasını engellenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Kısaca İslam ekonomisi ile klasik ekonomi anlayışı arasında benzerlik ve farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Iran's Inner Conflict Risk Status
Authors: SÖNMEZ Mehmet Emin , SARAÇ Yunus
Published: January 2022

Throughout history, social events in different parts of the world for different reasons have brought along many changes and transformations. With the emergence of nation states, the internal fragility of the nation states has increased as a result of the drawing of new borders and the coexistence of different social, cultural, religious and economic groups within these borders. One of these countries is Iran. The fact that it has a wide variety of racial, linguistic, sect and economic groups and that it stands out with the Sunni states as the representative of Shiite Theopolitics in the Middle East and its opposition to the USA and Israel increases the risk of internal fragility, both internal and external support of Iran. Today, many different parameters can play a role in the basis of social movements that started largely on an economic basis. In this study, together with Iran's ethnic, linguistic and sectarian diversity, parameters such as the general poverty level of the people and the distribution of oil resources by the provinces were evaluated together with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and a provincial-based possible internal conflict risk map of Iran was created.
Anne Kimliğine Kuramsal Bir Bakış (2000-2020)
Authors: KALE Özlem
Published: January 2022

Türk edebiyatında, 2000-2020 yılları arasında yazılmış yirmi yedi adet anne başlıklı hikâye ve roman tespit edilmiştir. Bu eserler tematik olarak sınıflandırılmış; aralarından tabakalı örneklemle seçilmiş olanlar psikanalizm (psikanalitik feminizm) ve logoterapi metotlarından uygun olanlarla incelenmiştir. Eserlerdeki anne karakterlerinin ruh çözümlemeleri yapılarak belli sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. İncelenen eserlerin çoğunda, annelik ve bireysel var oluş bir arada olamayacakmış gibi yansıtılır. İncelenen eserlerin bazılarında hukuki ve özlük haklarını kullanamayan kadınlardan bahsedilir. Az sayıda hikâye, kadınların eğitimli olmalarına karşın toplumsal hayata katılamamalarını ve ev hayatına mahkûm olmalarını eleştirir. Cinsiyet ayrımcılığının zararlarının vurgulandığı eserlerde, kadına “eş ve anne” olmalarından ziyade “önce insan” muamelesi yapılması gerektiğinin altı çizilir. Edebiyatın, kamuoyunu aydınlatma ve yönlendirme hususundaki etkisinin büyüklüğü göz önüne alınırsa kadına doğru bir perspektiften bakışın yaygınlaşması için daha fazla eserde bu vurgunun yapılması gerektiği açıktır. Kadın, yaradılışı gereği neslin devamını sağlayacak canlıyı üretme yetisine sahiptir. Ancak annelik, kadının genetik olarak getirdiği bir durum olmayıp sosyal bir yapılanmadır. Toplumlar çocuğun yaşaması için anneye gereksinim duyma kuralını benimsemekte ve ekonomik üretimin çocuğa verdiği kıymetle birlikte toplumda annelik değer kazanmakta, annelik ideali de bu koşullarda oluşmaya başlamaktadır. Çalışmamız, kitle iletişim araçları ve edebiyatla da bu idealin öneminin vurgulanması konusunda ufuk açıcı olacaktır.
Comparison of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Enriched Capsanthin and Capsaicin from Capsicum annuum L. Fruit in Obesity-Induced C57BL/6J Mouse Model
Authors: Shanmugham Velmurugan , Subban Ravi
Published: January 2022

Research background. Obesity increases mortality and morbidity due to its impact on
type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, arthritis and certain cancers.
The epidemic of excessive mass and obesity require constant research to improve therapies
without undesirable side effects. Therefore, exploring the anti-obesity phytochemicals
from food sources is essential. Most pharmacological studies of the anti-obesity potential
of Capsicum annuum have been directed towards capsaicin and very few towards
capsanthin. However, these studies utilized uncoated capsaicin and capsanthin. This study
aims to compare the anti-obesity effects of enteric-coated capsaicin and capsanthin in a
high-fat diet-induced obesity in animal model.
Experimental approach. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity properties of
capsanthin-enriched pellets and capsaicin pellets derived from red chili fruit (Capsicum
annuum) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. First, the animals received
HFD to induce their obesity. Animals were supplemented orally with pellets. The
food intake, body mass, obesity and clinical biomarkers were assessed.
Results and conclusions. The mice fed with HFD gained body mass and white adipose
tissue mass compared to the mice that consumed a normal diet. The oral administration
of capsanthin-enriched pellets and capsaicin pellets significantly reduced the body mass
gain. These pellets have a statistically significant (p<0.05) impact on obesity biomarkers
by increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin, free fatty acid and insulin concentrations
relative to HFD control. There was no change in the liver mass in all groups, but there was
a significant decrease in white adipose tissue amounts. Inguinal adipose tissue amount
was reduced by 37.0 % and that of epididymal adipose tissue by 43.64 % after treatment
with capsanthin-enriched pellets. These results suggest that capsanthin-enriched pellets
and capsaicin pellets may be useful in combating metabolic diseases, including obesity,
without adverse effects.
Novelty and scientific contribution. We increased the content of capsanthin for more
than 50 % in capsanthin-enriched extract and extended the room temperature stability
for more than one year by converting the crystals into capsanthin-enriched pellets. This
study breaks new ground by examining the potential of capsanthin >50 % in the management
of obesity for the first time.
PRESENTACIÓN-SEIS MIRADAS SOBRE UN TESORO: ALISEDA, 1920-2020
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ ALONSO , PAVÓN SOLDEVILA IGNACIO , DUQUE ESPINO DAVID M.
Published: January 2022

Como toda conmemoración, el centenario del hallazgo del Tesoro de Aliseda invitaba a la celebración, la reflexión y el balance. Sin embargo, truncados

los eventos por la funesta pandemia padecida, solo la reflexión y el balance han sido viables en el tiempo confinado que vivimos, entre cuyas rendijas se han

deslizado las “Seis miradas sobre un tesoro: Aliseda, 1920-2020” que conforman este Dossier.
LOS ECOS DEL TESORO DE ALISEDA EN LAS DAMAS Y EN LAS OFERENTES IBÉRICAS
Authors: ARANEGUI GASCÓ Carmen
Published: January 2022

Este artículo considera el Tesoro de Aliseda como la primera ostentación conjunta masculina y femenina de la península ibérica. Plantea la relación de la orfebrería extremeña con la ibérica. Ambas comparten tipologías hasta el siglo IV a.C. y la diadema frontal se proyecta varios siglos más, como uno de los signos de prestigio femenino ibérico, presente en las esculturas hasta la época de la romanización.