bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enseñanza del cuidado enfermero en la dimensión espiritual
Authors: Santa Cruz Revilla Efigenia Rosalía
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación cualitativa, con enfoque de estudio de caso tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo es la enseñanza del cuidado enfermero en la dimensión espiritual de las estudiantes de enfermería en la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Lambayeque 2014. La población estuvo conformada por las enfermeras docentes, saturándose en siete, recolectándose los datos por entrevista abierta a profundidad, analizándose temáticamente, generándose tres categorías: Fundamentando de la Enseñanza del cuidado enfermero a lo intrínseco y religioso, el ser enfermero: formación en el cuidado de la dimensión espiritual, el hacer enfermero en el cuidado de la dimensión espiritual. En las consideraciones finales, se concluyó que la enseñanza del saber enfermero en el cuidado de la dimensión espiritual se ha visto reducido a casos de enfermería en relación aspectos religiosos, y muchas veces confundido con la dimensión emocional de la persona.
Sentimientos y emociones de madres frente a la hospitalización de su neonato prematuro Hospital II Gustavo Lanatta Luján, Bagua, 2013
Authors: Muro Carrasco Tania Roberta
Published: March 2020

Describe los sentimientos y emociones de las madres frente a la hospitalización de su neonato prematuro en el Hospital de Apoyo II Gustavo Lanatta Luján, Bagua 2013. Investigación cualitativa, con enfoque de estudio de caso. Los informantes determinados por la técnica de saturación fueron siete, aplicándoseles la entrevista semiestructurada, cuyos datos fueron sometidos al análisis temático; generándose dos categorías: sentimientos y emociones negativas de las madres al inicio de la hospitalización, que van desde desesperación, sorpresa, preocupación, tristeza, culpabilidad, miedo y sentimientos y emociones positivas ante la recuperación de su bebé, caracterizada por tranquilidad, felicidad ante la recuperación.
PERBANDINGAN LUAS POLA WATERMAK GERABAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMBAKARAN BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN CITRA DIGITAL
Authors: Barorroh Noer Laelly
Published: March 2020

Dupliksai sering terjadi pada barang seni karena bernilai jual tinggi. Duplikasi ini juga terjadi pada kerajinan gerabah. Untuk mengatasi duplikasi salah satu caranya yaitu menggunakan watermark. Pada gerabah yang rentan pecah waktu proses pembakaran mengharuskan material watermark yang digunakan tidak mempengaruhi keadaan gerabah saat dibakar. Oleh karena itu perlunya kajian tentang luas pola watermark pada gerabah, karena luasan ini mempengaruhi deformasi gerabah itu sendiri. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan luas pola watermark gerabah sebelum dan sesudah dibakar berbasis pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan seperangkat radiografi digital untuk memperoleh citra watermark di dalam gerabah. Pengolahan citra berupa proses treshold yang menghasilkan citra biner. Citra biner yang diperoleh dihitung luasan daerah watermark. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa persentase luasan gerabah sebelum dibakar 16,52% dan gerabah sesudah dibakar 11,96%. Ada perubahan luasan watermark sebelum dan sesudah di bakar. Hal ini berarti bahwa ruang watermark mengalami penyusutan sesudah dibakar sehingga material watermark yang digunakan tidak mempengaruhi kualitas gerabah.
Rotational Desorption of Ice Mantles from Suprathermally Rotating Grains around Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Tram Le Ngoc
Published: March 2020

Ice mantles on dust grains play a central role in astrochemistry. Water and complex organic molecules (COMs) are thought to first form on the ice mantles and subsequently are released into the gas phase due to star-formation activity. However, the critical question is whether ice mantles can survive stellar radiation when grains are being heated from

to ≳100 K. In this paper, we first study the effect of suprathermal grain rotation driven by the intense radiation of young stellar objects on the ice mantles. We find that the entire ice mantles can be disrupted into small fragments by centrifugal stress before the water ice and COMs desorb via thermal sublimation. We then study the consequence of resulting ice fragments and find that tiny fragments of radius a ≲ 10 Å exhibit a transient release of COMs due to thermal spikes, whereas larger fragments can facilitate thermal sublimation at much higher rates than from the original icy grain, or the same rate but with temperatures of ∼20–40 K lower. We find that rotational desorption is efficient for hot cores/corinos from the inner to outer regions where the temperature drops to

and

. We discuss the implications of this mechanism for desorption of COMs and water ice in various environments, including outflow cavity walls, photodissociation regions, and protoplanetary disks. Finally, we show that very large aggregate grains can be disrupted into individual icy grains via a rotational disruption mechanism, followed by rotational desorption of ice mantles.
Evolution of Entropy and Mediation of the Solar Wind by Turbulence
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Webb G. M.
Published: March 2020

We study the evolution of solar wind entropy based on a conservative formulation of solar wind and turbulence transport model equations, and compare the model results to Voyager 2 measurements. For a polytropic index of γ = 5/3 (>1), entropy increases with distance due to the dissipation of turbulence, being about 12.84% higher at 75 au than at 1 au. However, if the polytropic index satisfies γ < 1, entropy decreases. We show that not only the creation of pickup ions, but also stream-shear leads to a decrease of the solar wind speed. We show that the sum of the solar wind flow energy (kinetic plus enthalpy) and turbulent (magnetic) energy is constant, indicating that kinetic solar wind energy is transferred into turbulent energy via stream-shear and pickup ion isotropization, which then in turn heats the solar wind via the dissipation of turbulence. We compare the theoretical solutions of the solar wind entropy, the solar wind density, the thermal gas pressure, the solar wind proton temperature, and the fluctuating magnetic energy with those measured by Voyager 2. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the observed results.
Global Simulations of the Vertical Shear Instability with Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Effects
Authors: Cui Can , Bai Xue-Ning
Published: March 2020

The mechanisms of angular momentum transport and the level of turbulence in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are crucial for understanding many aspects of planet formation. In recent years, it has been realized that the magneto-rotational instability tends to be suppressed in PPDs due to nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, and the disk is primarily laminar with accretion driven by magnetized disk winds. In parallel, several hydrodynamic mechanisms have been identified that likely also generate vigorous turbulence and drive disk accretion. In this work, we study the interplay between MHD winds in PPDs with the vertical shear instability (VSI), one of the most promising hydrodynamic mechanisms, through 2D global nonideal MHD simulations with ambipolar diffusion (AD) and ohmic resistivity. For typical disk parameters, MHD winds can coexist with the VSI with accretion primarily wind-driven accompanied by vigorous VSI turbulence. The properties of the VSI remain similar to the unmagnetized case. The wind and overall field configuration are not strongly affected by the VSI turbulence, showing a modest level of variability and corrugation of the midplane current sheet. Weak AD strength or the enhanced coupling between gas and magnetic fields weakens the VSI. The VSI is also weakened with increasing magnetization, and characteristic VSI corrugation modes transition to low-amplitude breathing mode oscillations with strong magnetic fields.
Pretreatment HIV drug Resistance and Treatment Failure in Non-Italian HIV-1-Infected Patients Enrolled in ARCA
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Carlo Domenico Di , Rossetti Barbara , Bruzzone Bianca , Vicenti Ilaria , Pontali Emanuele , Zoncada Alessia , Lombardi Francesca , Di Giambenedetto Simona , Borghi Vanni , Pecorari Monica , Milini Paola , Meraviglia Paola , Monno Laura , Saracino Annalisa
Published: March 2020

Background

An increase in pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-income countries has been recently described. Herein we analyse the prevalence of PDR and risk of virological failure (VF) over time among migrants to Italy enrolled in ARCA.

Methods

HIV-1 sequences from ART-naive patients of non-Italian nationality were retrieved from ARCA database from 1998 to 2017. PDR was defined by at least one mutation from the reference 2009 WHO surveillance list.

Results

Protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 1,155 patients, mainly migrants from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA; 42%), followed by Latin America (LA; 25%) and Western countries (WE; 21%), were included. PDR was detected in 8.6% of sequences (13.1% versus 5.8% for B and non-B strains, respectively; P<0.001), 2.1% of patients carried a PDR for protease inhibitors (PIs; 2.1% versus 2.3%; P=0.893), 3.9% for nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 6.8% versus 2.1%; P<0.001) and 4.3% for non-nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.3% versus 3.1%; P=0.013). Overall, prevalence of PDR over the years remained stable, while it decreased for PIs in LA ( P=0.021) and for NRTIs ( P=0.020) among migrants from WE. Having more than one class of PDR ( P=0.015 versus absence of PDR), higher viral load at diagnosis ( P=0.008) and being migrants from SSA ( P=0.001 versus WE) were predictive of VF, while a recent calendar year of diagnosis ( P<0.001) was protective for VF.

Conclusions

PDR appeared to be stable over the years in migrants to Italy enrolled in ARCA; however, it still remains an important cause of VF together with viral load at diagnosis.
S‐wave velocity structure of Chlef City, Algeria, by inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity
Authors: Layadi Khalissa , Semmane Fethi , Yelles‐Chaouche Abdelkarim
Published: March 2020

Chlef City, Algeria, which is located in the Lower Cheliff Basin, is vulnerable to seismic hazards. Since there is no constrained velocity model for the Lower Cheliff Basin, particularly at greater depths, we conducted an ambient vibration investigation to map the shear‐wave velocity structure beneath the city, with the primary goal of supplementing the existing microzonation studies. Here, we inverted the Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurement curve of ambient vibrations measurements from 120 sites in Chlef City to estimate the shear‐wave velocity structure. The study area was subdivided into six zones based on similarities between the observed horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio of the ambient vibrations curves. Our resultant shear‐wave velocity models show that the observed fundamental frequencies (0.3–1.6 Hz) are related to a thick layer (~800 m) of upper Miocene deposits, where on average. Generally, the Mesozoic basement shows . Moreover, the clear peaks observed at higher frequencies and only in the northwest part of the city are related to a thin layer of Quaternary deposits ().
Convective Heat Transfer Analysis of Hydromagnetic Micropolar Fluid Flow Past an Inclined Nonlinear Stretching Sheet with Variable Thermo-Physical Properties
Authors: Fatunmbi Ephesus Olusoji , Okoya Samuel Segun , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: March 2020

The current work examines mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer attributes in hydromagnetic micropolar fluid past a heated inclined sheet which stretches nonlinearly along the direction of flow. The impact of variable thermo-physical characteristics of the fluid together with the influence of magnetic field, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation are also checked on the flow field. The modelled governing equations are translated from partial to ordinary differential equations via relevant similarity transformations and the resulting equations are subsequently solved numerically by means of shooting techniques in company with Runge-Kutta integration algorithms. The reactions of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, dimensionless velocity as well as temperature to variations in the emerging controlling parameters are illustrated through different graphs. In the limiting situations, the results obtained exhibit a strong relationship with the existing related works in literature. The facts emanated from this study also reveal that the thickness of the thermal boundary layer grows widely with a rise in the Eckert number and Biot number parameters whereas increasing the material (micropolar) and thermal conductivity parameters have opposite effects on the rate of heat transfer.
In Memoriam: Vona du Toit and Mrs Mary Gertrude Pericho
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Poincaré profiles of groups and spaces
Authors: Hume David , Mackay John M. , Tessera Romain
Published: March 2020

We introduce a spectrum of monotone coarse invariants for metric measure spaces called Poincaré profiles. The two extremes of this spectrum determine the growth of the space, and the separation profile as defined by Benjamini–Schramm–Timár. In this paper we focus on properties of the Poincaré profiles of groups with polynomial growth, and of hyperbolic spaces, where we deduce a connection between these profiles and conformal dimension. As applications, we use these invariants to show the non-existence of coarse embeddings in a variety of examples.
Trends and source apportionment of aerosols in Europe during 1980–2018
Authors: Yang Yang , Lou Sijia , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Aerosols have significantly affected health, environment, and climate in
Europe. Aerosol concentrations have been declining since the 1980s in Europe,
mainly owing to a reduction of local aerosol and precursor emissions.
Emissions from other source regions of the world, which have been changing
rapidly as well, may also perturb the historical and future trends of
aerosols and change their radiative impact in Europe. This study examines
trends of aerosols in Europe during 1980–2018 and quantifies contributions
from 16 source regions using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5
with Explicit Aerosol Source Tagging (CAM5-EAST). The simulated
near-surface total mass concentration of sulfate, black carbon, and primary
organic carbon had a 62 % decrease during 1980–2018. The majority of which was contributed to reductions of local emissions in Europe, and
8 %–9 % was induced by a decrease in emissions from
Russia–Belarus–Ukraine. With the decreases in the fractional contribution of
local emissions, aerosols transported from other source regions are
increasingly important for air quality in Europe. During 1980–2018, the
decrease in sulfate loading led to a warming effect of 2.0 W m−2 in
Europe, with 12 % coming from changes in non-European sources, especially
from North America and Russia–Belarus–Ukraine. According to the Shared
Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, contributions to the sulfate
radiative forcing over Europe from both local European emissions and
non-European emissions should decrease at a comparable rate in the next 3
decades, suggesting that future changes in non-European emissions are as
important as European emissions for causing possible regional climate change
associated with aerosols in Europe.
Properties of mid-latitude cirrus cloud from surface Ka-band radar observations during 2014–2017
Authors: Huo Juan , Tian Yufang , Wu Xue , Han Congzheng , Liu Bo , Bi Yongheng , Duan Shu , Lu Daren
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The physical properties and radiative role of cirrus clouds remain one of the uncertainties in the Earth–atmosphere system. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of cirrus properties based on four years of surface millimetre wavelength radar measurements in Beijing, China, where summer monsoon from the ocean and winter monsoon from the continent prevails alternately, resulting in various cirrus clouds. More than 6600 cirrus clusters were studied to quantify the properties of cirrus clouds, such as the height, optical depth and horizontal extent, which can serve as a reference for parameterization and characterization in global climate models. In addition, comparison between cirrus clusters formed under summer monsoon and winter monsoon indicates the different formation and evolution mechanisms of cirrus. Statistically, the temperature of more than 90 % of cirrus bins are below −15 °C. The dependence of the radar reflectivity of cirrus particles on the height and temperature was also observed in this study, indicating that the reflectivity of cirrus bins increases (decreases) as the temperature (height) increases. In addition, it was found that there is a strong linear relationship between the mean reflectivity and the cirrus cloud depth. Due to various synoptic circumstances, the cirrus clouds in summer are warmer, higher, and thicker, with larger reflectivity than that in winter; in particular, the mean cloud-top height of cirrus clouds in summer is 2.5 km higher than that in winter. It was found that most cirrus clusters in winter are likely to be the in situ origin type cirrus but some cirrus clusters in summer are the in situ origin cirrus and others are the liquid origin type cirrus.
Comparison of turbulence measurements by a CSAT3B sonic anemometer and a high-resolution bistatic Doppler lidar
Authors: Mauder Matthias , Eggert Michael , Gutsmuths Christian , Oertel Stefan , Wilhelm Paul , Voelksch Ingo , Wanner Luise , Tambke Jens , Bogoev Ivan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Accurate measurements of turbulence statistics in the atmosphere are important for eddy-covariance measurements, wind energy research, and the
validation of atmospheric numerical models. Sonic anemometers are widely used for these applications. However, these instruments are prone to
probe-induced flow distortion effects, and the magnitude of the resulting errors has been debated due to the lack of an absolute reference
instrument under field conditions. Here, we present the results of an intercomparison experiment between a CSAT3B sonic anemometer and
a high-resolution bistatic Doppler lidar, which is inherently free of any flow distortion. This novel remote sensing instrument has otherwise very
similar spatial and temporal sampling characteristics to the sonic anemometer and hence served as a reference for this comparison. The presented
measurements were carried out over flat homogeneous terrain at a measurement height of 30 m. We provide a comparative statistical analysis
of the resulting mean wind velocities, the standard deviations of the vertical wind speed and the friction velocity and investigate the reasons for
the observed deviations based on the turbulence spectra and co-spectra. Our results show an agreement of the mean wind velocity measurements and the
standard deviations of the vertical wind speed with a comparability of 0.082 and 0.020 m s−1, respectively. Biases for these two
quantities were 0.003 and 0.012 m s−1, respectively. Slightly larger differences were observed for friction velocity. Analysis of the
corresponding co-spectra showed that the CSAT3B underestimates this quantity systematically by about 3 % on average as a result of co-spectral
losses in the frequency range between 0.1 and 5 s−1. We also found that an angle-of-attack-dependent transducer-shadowing correction does
not improve the agreement between the CSAT3B and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) lidar effectively.
Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments
Authors: Harrison Sandy P. , Gaillard Marie-José , Stocker Benjamin D. , Vander Linden Marc , Klein Goldewijk Kees , Boles Oliver , Braconnot Pascale , Dawson Andria , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Kaplan Jed O. , Kastner Thomas , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Robinson Erick , Whitehouse Nicki J. , Madella Marco , Morrison Kathleen D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the
pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate.
Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on
relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population
changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.
The Latest Improvements in SURFEX v8.0 of the Safran-Isba-Modcou
Hydrometeorological Model over France
Authors: Le Moigne Patrick , Besson François , Martin Eric , Boé Julien , Decharme Bertrand , Etchevers Pierre , Faroux Stéphanie , Habets Florence , Lafaysse Matthieu , Leroux Delphine , Rousset-Regimbeau Fabienne
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Safran-Isba-Modcou (SIM) hydrometeorological system was developed and put into operations at Meteo-France in the early 2000's. SIM application is devoted to water resource monitoring, and therefore can help monitoring drought or forecasting flood risks over French territory. This complex system combines three models: SAFRAN analysis of near-surface meteorological variables, ISBA land surface model which aims at computing surface fluxes at the interface with the atmosphere and soil variables, and finally MODCOU a hydrogeological model which calculates river discharges and groundwater level evolutions. SIM model was improved first by reducing the SAFRAN infrared radiation bias, then by using the more advanced multi-layer diffusion surface scheme of ISBA to have a more physical representation of the surface and soil processes. At the same time more accurate and up-to-date input databases for vegetation, soil texture and orography were used and finally in mountainous areas a subgrid representation of the orography using elevation bands was adopted as well as the possibility to add a reservoir to represent the effect of aquifers in mountains. SIM model was run for a 60y period from 1958 to 2018. The present paper describes the changes and demonstrates that the SIM new version performs better than the previous one by comparing a set of selected simulations to measurements of daily streamflow and observations of snow depths.
PDE-NetGen 1.0: from symbolic PDE representations of physical
processes to trainable neural network representations
Authors: Pannekoucke Olivier , Fablet Ronan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Bridging physics and deep learning is a topical challenge. While deep learning frameworks open avenues in physical science, the design of physically-consistent deep neural network architectures is an open issue. In the spirit of physics-informed NNs, PDE-NetGen package provides new means to automatically translate physical equations, given as PDEs, into neural network architectures. PDE-NetGen combines symbolic calculus and a neural network generator. The later exploits NN-based implementations of PDE solvers using Keras. With some knowledge of a problem, PDE-NetGen is a plug-and-play tool to generate physics-informed NN architectures. They provide computationally-efficient yet compact representations to address a variety of issues, including among others adjoint derivation, model calibration, forecasting, data assimilation as well as uncertainty quantification. As an illustration, the workflow is first presented for the 2D diffusion equation, then applied to the data-driven and physics-informed identification of uncertainty dynamics for the Burgers equation.
Why Gender Equality in Policing is Important for Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16
Authors: Sebire Jacqueline
Published: March 2020

United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal 5 calls for the elimination of violence, and goal 16 calls for strong and stable judicial institutions (United Nations 2016). The composition and culture of a nation’s police force play an essential role in its ability to achieve these goals. Employing a diverse workforce, particularly in terms of female representation in all ranks within the policing command structure, is a vital determinant for setting a police force’s culture. However, many police forces remain as traditional, male-dominant hierarchical institutions (Rabe-Hemp 2018). In England and Wales, although the proportion of female police officers has reached 30.4 per cent of the police force, the progression of women to the highest police ranks has declined (Home Office 2019).

This article considers the influence that female representation can have within police forces on the effective management of domestic and sexually violent crimes that disproportionately affect women. It will highlight the barriers to female recruitment and their progression, as well as suggest a series of recommendations to improve opportunities for women in policing. In doing so, the article will consequently suggest improvements to women’s access to justice, thereby providing a platform for achieving these UN goals.
Sexual Assault Case Processing: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same
Authors: Spohn Cassia
Published: March 2020

One of the goals of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women is to end violence against women and girls in all countries. An important component of this goal is ensuring that all crimes of violence against women and girls are taken seriously by the criminal justice system and that police, prosecutors, judges and jurors respond appropriately. However, research detailing how cases of sexual assault proceed in the criminal justice system reveals that this goal remains elusive, both in the United States and elsewhere. The rape reform movement ushered in changes to traditional rape law that were designed to encourage victims to report to the police and to remove barriers to arrest and successful prosecution. However, four decades after this reform, victims are still reluctant to report sexual assaults to the police, and arrest, prosecution and conviction rates for sexual assault cases are shockingly low. Reversing these trends will require policy changes that are designed to counteract the stereotypes and myths underpinning sexual assault and sexual assault victims.
Who is Transitioning out of Prison? Characterising Female Offenders and Their Needs in Chile
Authors: Larroulet Pilar , Droppelmann Catalina , Del Villar Paloma , Daza Sebastian , Figueroa Ana , Osorio Victoria
Published: March 2020

The last decades’ increase in female incarceration has translated into an increasing number of women being released from prison. Understanding their characteristics and criminal trajectories can enlighten us regarding the different needs of women upon re-entering society after incarceration. Drawing on data from the Reinserción, Desistimiento y Reincidencia en Mujeres Privadas de Libertad en Chile study, this article identifies different profiles among a cohort of 225 women who were released from prison in Santiago, Chile, and demonstrates that significant heterogeneity exists among them in terms of their criminal trajectories and the intervention needs to support their transition out of prison.
Creating Safe Space in a Challenging Landscape: Empowerment for Rural Women in Nicaragua
Authors: Sudderth Lori K
Published: March 2020

Programs and policies addressing gendered violence in impoverished rural areas in developing countries face a number of challenges: high rates of intimate partner violence, low reporting rates, cultural restrictions on women’s employment, lack of education and adequate healthcare, limited access to legal options and social services, and corruption in the criminal justice system. These social contexts in which anonymity is low and patriarchal notions of gender are especially persistent, are challenging in terms of creating safe space for victims of intimate violence. Even where legal interventions are available, the outcomes often favor the perpetrators, making this option less attractive and in some cases, dangerous. Because of these barriers, victims of intimate partner violence in rural settings rely more often on informal or community networks of support rather than formal authorities and legal sanctions to stop the violence. Consequently, addressing intimate partner violence in rural areas in developing countries requires more than a criminal justice response; it requires community intervention, empowering rural women economically and socially. This article describes one program in particular that attempts to empower rural women in Nicaragua, and the implications for creating safe space for victims of violence in challenging contexts.
Diagnosing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees
Authors: Veettil Shafaz , Vinokurtseva Anastasiya
Published: March 2020

Global crises has amounted to the forced international displacement of 25.4 million refugees. Refugees from conflict-affected areas are especially vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population due to their past and present hardships and history of trauma. PTSD is characterized by a constellation of symptoms identified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). DSM-5 departed from DSM-IV by reclassifying PTSD as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder and introducing a fourth symptom cluster—negative alterations in mood/cognition—to the previous three-symptom cluster model. In severely traumatized refugees, this new cluster exhibited relatively high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power—in concordance with the range of symptoms exhibited by this population—and allowed for the applicability of the DSM-5 criteria. However, the Western sample basis of the DSM-5 might make it inferior to alternative models as a diagnostic tool for PTSD in refugees and as a springboard for treatment. In addition (and possibly due) to PTSD, refugees are at high risk for mental health distress and suffer from poor health outcomes. Optimizing diagnostic criteria and overcoming barriers to diagnosis and access to care would benefit patients and facilitate treatment.
Response Tokens and Their Sequential Action in the Teacher Third Turn (Note 1) A Conversation Analysis Case Study in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Ebshiana Asma
Published: March 2020

In classroom settings, students` responses are regularly evaluated through the ubiquitous three-part sequence. It is through this pattern that teachers encourage student participation. Usually, the teacher uses response tokens such as “Okay”, Right” /” Alright”, “Mhm” “Oh”, in the third turn slot. These tokens are crucial and recurrent because they show where the teacher assesses the correctness or appropriateness of the students’ responses either end the sequence or begin a turn which ends the sequence. Moreover, such tokens have an impact on the sequence expansion and on the students’ participation. This article is a part of a large study examining the overall structure of the three-part sequence in data collected in an English pre-sessional programme (PSP) at the University of Huddersfield. The present article focuses on the analysis of naturally occurring data by using Conversation Analysis framework, henceforth (CA). A deep analysis is performed to examine how response tokens as evaluative responses are constructed sequentially in the third turn sequence as a closing action, whilst considering how some responses do not act as a closing sequence, since they elaborate and invite further talk. The results of response tokens have shown that they are greatly multifaceted. The analysis concluded that not all responses do the same function in the teacher’s third turn. Apart from confirming and acknowledging the student responses and maintaining listenership, some invite further contribution, others close and shift to another topic that designates closing the sequence, and some show a “change of state”. Their functions relate to their transitions, pauses and their intonation in the on-going sequence.
Z-Score EEG Biofeedback: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Thatcher Robert W. , Lubar Joel F. , Koberda J. Lucas
Published: March 2020

Human electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback (neurofeedback) started in the 1940s using one EEG recording channel, then four channels in the 1990s, and in 2004, expanded to 19 channels using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) of the microampere three-dimensional current sources of the EEG. In 2004–2006 the concept of a real-time comparison of the EEG to a healthy reference database was developed and tested using surface EEG z score neurofeedback based on a statistical bell curve called real-time z scores. The real-time or live normative reference database comparison was developed to help reduce the uncertainty of what threshold to select to activate a feedback signal and to unify all EEG measures to a single value (i.e., the distance from the mean of an age-matched reference sample). In 2009 LORETA z score neurofeedback further increased specificity by targeting brain network hubs referred to as Brodmann areas. A symptom checklist program to help link symptoms to dysregulation of brain networks based on fMRI and positron emission tomography (PET) and neurology was created in 2009. The symptom checklist and National Institutes of Health–based networks linking symptoms to brain networks grew out of the human brain mapping program started in 1990 that continues today. A goal is to increase specificity of EEG biofeedback by targeting brain network hubs and connections between hubs likely linked to the patient's symptoms. Developments first introduced in 2017 provide increased resolution of three-dimensional source localization with 12,700 voxels using swLORETA with the capacity to conduct cerebellar neurofeedback and neurofeedback of subcortical brain hubs such as the thalamus, amygdala, and habenula. Future applications of swLORETA z score neurofeedback represent another example of the transfer of knowledge gained by the human brain mapping initiatives to further aid in helping people with cognition problems as well as balance problems and parkinsonism. A brief review of the past, present, and future predictions of z score neurofeedback are discussed with special emphasis on new developments that point toward a bright and enlightened future in the field of EEG biofeedback.
Island effects in Spanish comprehension
Authors: Pañeda Claudia , Lago Sol , Vares Elena , Veríssimo João , Felser Claudia
Published: March 2020

A growing body of experimental syntactic research has revealed substantial variation in the magnitude of island effects, not only across languages but also across different grammatical constructions. Adopting a well-established experimental design, the present study examines island effects in Spanish using a speeded acceptability judgment task. To quantify variation across grammatical constructions, we tested extraction from four different types of structure (subjects, complex noun phrases, adjuncts and interrogative clauses). The results of Bayesian mixed effects modelling showed that the size of island effects varied between constructions, such that there was clear evidence of subject, adjunct and interrogative island effects, but not of complex noun phrase island effects. We also failed to find evidence that island effects were modulated by participants’ working memory capacity as measured by an operation span task. To account for our results, we suggest that variability in island effects across constructions may be due to the interaction of syntactic, semantic-pragmatic and processing factors, which may affect island types differentially due to their idiosyncratic properties.
Viewing dialect change through acceptability judgments: A case study in Shetland dialect
Authors: Jamieson E
Published: March 2020

Acceptability judgments are the standard methodology for investigating syntactic variation. While acceptability judgments have been shown to be reliable in cases of assumed stable variation, there has been little discussion of how syntactic change plays out in judgment tasks. This is despite evidence from sociolinguistics that at the end of a change, speakers’ behaviour in production is “unpredictable”. How does this “unpredictability” play out in judgment tasks, where speakers are asked to perform metalinguistic assessments on their use of a changing variable? In this paper, I present the results of acceptability judgment tasks focusing on a particle, –n, available in some biased questions in the Shetland dialect of Scots. This variety has been claimed to be rapidly obsolescing (e.g. Smith & Durham 2011). Combining quantitative analysis of acceptability judgments with qualitative comments made by the speakers, I argue young speakers exhibit perceptual hyperdialectalism in their judgments: extending acceptability of the variable to contexts where older speakers don’t accept it; giving higher ratings than expected given their qualitative comments when the variable is being lost, and generally rating examples which could be perceived as “dialectal” higher. I argue these patterns arise from Preston’s (2013) definition of linguistic insecurity: younger speakers are aware their grammar diverges from a more “traditional” grammar, but the traditional grammar is an important identity marker. These speakers therefore attempt to demonstrate knowledge of an older grammar – but their knowledge is not accurate. These patterns highlight the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis in dialect syntax.
Representaciones sociales en el discurso fílmico salvadoreño
Authors: Meyer Claudia Reneé
Published: March 2020

Este artículo aporta una primera aproximación al estudio de las narrativas de largometrajes salvadoreños de ficción estrenados en salas de cine en el país; esto con el propósito de identificar, a través del análisis de discurso fílmico, las representaciones sociales de la salvadoreñidad que puedan mostrarse a través del mismo, escogiendo para ello la película salvadoreña Malacrianza. Persigue describir la manera como en el cine de El Salvador se cuenta el país y de qué formas se cuenta: el cómo desde una industria cultural inmersa en la economía creativa, se puede construir un imaginario de nación; y cómo se ve representado un país en su cine de ficción, ya que en la ficción se construyen historias, a diferencia de los documentales que reflejan una visión de la realidad. Esto se realizó a través de un estudio cualitativo, haciendo uso de matrices de análisis ad hoc para los discursos fílmicos, integrando valores y elementos de cultura e identidad para identificar los sentidos y significados en la narración.
Improvement in Outpatient Follow-up With a Postdischarge Phone Call Intervention
Authors: Hendrickson Sarah B. , Simske Natasha M. , DaSilva Katia A. , Vallier Heather A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Attending clinic appointments after injury is crucial for orthopaedic trauma patients to evaluate healing and to update recommendations. However, attendance at these appointments is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a personalized phone call placed 3 to 5 days after hospital discharge on attendance at the first postdischarge outpatient clinic visit.

Methods:

This prospective study was done at an urban level 1 trauma center. One hundred fifty-nine patients were exposed to a reminder phone call, with 33% of patients being reached for a conversation and 28% receiving a voicemail reminder. Phone calls were made by a trained trauma recovery coach, and the main outcome measure was attendance at the first postdischarge clinic visit.

Results:

Eighty-six patients (54%) attended their scheduled appointments. Appointment adherence was more common among the group reached for a conversation (70% versus 51% for voicemail cohort and 34% for no contact group). Patients exposed to the Trauma Recovery Services (TRS) during their hospital stay attended appointments more often (91% versus 61%, P = 0.026). Age, sex, mechanism of injury, and distance from the hospital were not associated with specific follow-up appointment adherence. Insured status was associated with higher attendance rates (71% versus 46%, P = 0.0036). Other economic factors such as employment were also indicative of attendance (64% versus 48%, P = 0.05). Current tobacco use was associated with poor appointment attendance (30%) versus 56% for nonsmokers (P = 0.001).

Discussion:

Patients reached by telephone after discharge had better rates of subsequent clinic attendance. Economic factors and substance use appear vital to postoperative clinic visit compliance. Patients with met psychosocial needs, as identified by individuals with satisfactory emotional support, and exposure to TRS had the highest rates of postdischarge appointment attendance.
Can Technology Transfer Stimulate Labour Productivity: Experience from Nigeria Automobile Sector
Authors: A. J. Egwakhe , N. B. Amos , T. Nicodemus
Published: March 2020

This paper argued that technology transfer possesses operational and structural capability to stimulate labour productivity in Nigerian automobile sector. Technology transfer proxies are knowledge transfer, skill acquisition, technology infrastructure, innovation, and adoption and their fundamental effect on workforce productivity. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted to capture the perception of respondents at a categorical point in time. There were three automobile manufacturing companies in Nigeria from which the responding organisations were drawn.  The unit of analysis consisted of 675 managers and engineers who were randomly selected from a total population of 1,150. The research instrument was adapted, and its content and construct validity were established. Also, it was subjected to reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha value above the minimum threshold. The hypothesis was tested using multiple regressions and the aggregate result revealed a positive significant relationship between technology transfer and labour productivity. The power of the individual result revealed that a positive significant relationship exists between the dimensions of technology transfer (skill acquisition, technology infrastructure, technology innovation, technology adoption, and labour productivity, while knowledge transfer was not significant. The study recommended sustained and progressive technology transfer to enhance workers’ productivity in the sector.
The Relationship Between Park Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Revisit Intention in Neighborhood Parks with Physical Activity Facilities
Authors: Çevik Hüseyin
Published: March 2020

The urban population is increasing day by day, threatening human health. Neighborhood parks in which people can participate in physical activities have an important place in reducing the negative effects of urban life. However, not much is known much about factors such as “park satisfaction” and “place attachment”, which may play a role in the visitors’ participation in and continuation of physical activity in neighborhood parks, or the relationship between these factors. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the relationship between park satisfaction, place attachment and revisit intention. The data were obtained using the convenience sampling method from 357 park visitors who visited a park for physical activity. The methodological principles of structural equation modeling were used to test the conceptual model based on the literature review. According to the results, park satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on park attachment. In addition, park attachment played a mediating role between satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result, a theoretical and comprehensive model that revealed the relationship between park satisfaction, park attachment and revisit intention was developed. It is thought that the results will guide local governments, managers responsible for parks and park designers in maintaining open-air recreation facilities and services in urban areas.
Comparison of the Effects of Sports Education and Direct Teaching Models on the Attitude and Cognitive Domain Level of Undergraduate Students
Authors: Eyuboğlu Ender , Dalkıran Oğuzhan
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the sports education model and the direct teaching model used in badminton courses on the attitudes of undergraduate students towards the course and its permanence on cognitive domain skills. The study group consisted of a total of 45 undergraduate students, 24 of whom were experimental groups and 21 were control groups. In the study, for collection of data, the “Intrinsic Motivation Inventory” which developed by Ryan (2000), adapted to Turkish by Çalışkur after being tested for validity and reliability (Çalışkur & Demirhan, 2013) and the “Badminton Cognitive Domain Information Form” which was prepared by the course instructor were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for data analysis of attitudes of groups after application, but, bacause of the lack of a normal distribution, the “Mann Whitney U” test was used for the significance of the difference between the cognitive domain and the permanence of learning, As a result; significant differences were determined between the students’ interest/enjoyment aspect and the permanence of cognitive learning, whereas significant differences were not detected in the aspects of perceived competence, value/benefit, effort/importance, job perception/perceived choice and pressure/tension.
Categorías ontológicas del concepto de energía en textos escolares de ciencias de Chile
Authors: Guajardo María Fernanda , Quiroz Waldo
Published: March 2020

En esta investigación se utilizaron herramientas diseñadas a partir de la ontología materialista y la gramática española para analizar ontológicamente y desde la sintaxis la presentación del concepto de energía en textos de ciencias naturales y biología del Gobierno de Chile. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los textos de estudios presentan de manera explícita la energía como una propiedad de la materia. Estos mismos textos aportan asertividad de tipo sintáctico, presentando la energía, en el 57 % de las oraciones, como parte del predicado con una referencia material. Por otro lado, el error ontológico más frecuente encontrado es la presentación de la energía como objeto. Finalmente, se concluye que existen verbos ontológicamente ambiguos que pueden generar confusiones en el significado de la energía debido a la ausencia de una referencia material dentro de una frase.