bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Two Sequential Multicomponent Reactions: Synthesis of Thiazolidin‐4‐yl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Brockmeyer Fabian , van Gerven David , Saak Wolfgang , Martens Juergen
Published: November 2014

The title species (VI) and (VII) are prepared by an Asinger four component reaction providing 3‐thiazolines (III) and subsequent reaction of the latter with carboxylic acids and phosphorane (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchically Porous AlPO‐5‐Based Microspheres as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Kong Dan , Liu Yanyan , Zhang Juan , Li Hongbian , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Guangyu , Li Baojun , Xu Zheng
Published: November 2014

A tungsten‐containing AlPO‐5 microporous molecular sieve (WAlPO‐5) is synthesized and employed as catalyst in the synthesis of aryltetrazoles from aryl cyanides and NaN3.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Alkylzirconium Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones.
Authors: Maciver Eleanor E. , Maksymowicz Rebecca M. , Wilkinson Nancy , Roth Philippe M. C. , Fletcher Stephen P.
Published: November 2014

Product (‐)‐(VI) represents a late‐stage intermediate in the synthesis of the natural product mitsugashiwalactone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isochromene‐Type Scaffolds via Single‐Flask Diels—Alder‐[4 + 2]‐Annulation Sequence of a Silyl‐Substituted Diene with Menadione.
Authors: Lee Jihoon , Panek James S.
Published: November 2014

A four step synthesis of (II) starting from 4‐iodobut‐3‐yn‐1‐ol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Quadruple Cascade Reaction of 2‐Hydroxychalcone with Cinnamaldehyde for the Construction of Tetrahydro‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene Containing Five Stereocenters.
Authors: Liu Lingyan , Zhu Yunna , Huang Kaimeng , Wang Bing , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: November 2014

An oxa‐Michael—Michael—Michael‐aldol condensation cascade provides complex benzochromane derivatives starting from simple 2‐hydroxychalcones and cinnamaldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Phosphorated Coumarins via Radical Cyclization of Alkynoates and Dialkyl H‐Phosphonates.
Authors: Mi Xia , Wang Chenyang , Huang Mengmeng , Zhang Jianye , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie
Published: November 2014

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of target compounds bearing different substitution patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoelectronic Basis for the Kinetic Resolution of N‐Heterocycles with Chiral Acylating Reagents.
Authors: Hsieh Sheng‐Ying , Wanner Benedikt , Wheeler Philip , Beauchemin Andre M. , Rovis Tomislav , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2014

A novel chiral acyl hydroxamate reagent is developed and its application to the kinetic resolution of N‐heterocycles is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Imino Glycals via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed RCM and Isomerization.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Hauke Sylvia , Muehlenberg Nino
Published: November 2014

A ruthenium catalyzed tandem ring‐closing metathesis‐isomerization sequence allows the conversion of amines (I) and (III) into cyclic enamides (II) and imine glycals (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Free Radical Cascade Cyclization of Isocyanides with Simple Alkanes and Alcohols.
Authors: Li Zejiang , Fan Fenghua , Yang Jie , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: November 2014

The copper‐catalyzed process allows the selective access to various phenanthridine derivatives bearing an alkyl or alcohol substituent at position 6.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Pyridine‐Fused Coumarins in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Xiang Haoyue , Chen Jianyang , Miao Zehong , Yang Chunhao
Published: November 2014

Pyridine‐fused as well as pyrimidine‐fused coumarins are obtained in a catalyst‐free approach from chromone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine Effects in Organocatalysis — Asymmetric Broensted Acid Assisted Lewis Base Catalysis for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Heterocycles Exploiting the Negative Hyperconjugation of the CF3‐Group.
Authors: Volla Chandra M. R. , Das Arindam , Atodiresei Iuliana , Rueping Magnus
Published: November 2014

A series of chiral dihydropyridazines (III) is readily prepared by cyclization of hydrazone (I) with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (II) in the presence of a silylated diarylprolinol catalyst followed by a TFA‐catalyzed dehydration of resulting hemiaminals.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Toluenesulfonic Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Wang Shaohua , Zhan Haiying , Li Mingshan
Published: November 2014

Ethyl 3,3‐diethoxypropanolate (II) can be substituted by methyl 3,3‐dimethoxypropanolate.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Promoted Cyclization of 3‐Alkynylquinoxaline‐2‐carbonitriles with CH‐Acids: A New Method for the Phenazine Ring Synthesis.
Authors: Nguyen Huong T. L. , Gulevskaya Anna V. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Nelina‐Nemtseva Julia I.
Published: November 2014

The formation of the red‐colored 2,3‐disubstituted phenazin‐1‐amine derivatives is possible under mild conditions and the substituents at position 2 allow a further modification of the heterocyclic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazines.
Authors: Gurenko A. O. , Khutova B. M. , Klyuchko S. V. , Vasilenko A. N. , Brovarets V. S.
Published: November 2014

Reactions of pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐one (I) with alkylating agents, formaldehyde or formaldehyde in presence of secondary amines proceed with the retention of the bicyclic structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Mediated InCl3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Anellation of Thiadiazine Ring onto 4‐Amino‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazole‐3‐thiol.
Authors: Srivastava V. , Singh P. K. , Singh P. P.
Published: November 2014

An environmentally benign, one‐pot cyclization procedure for the synthesis of 3,6‐diaryl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines (IV) (12 examples) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Medium‐Sized Rings via α‐Imino Diazo Intermediates.
Authors: Medina Florian , Besnard Celine , Lacour Jerome
Published: November 2014

The transformation of the 4‐butyl or 4‐tert‐butyl substituted analogues of triazole (I) leads to no or trace amounts of the corresponding dioxazocines due to formation of ring‐opened products resulting from alkyl and hydride shifts.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Base‐Free Miyaura‐Type Borylation of Triarylantimony Diacetates with Tetra(alkoxo)diborons under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Yasuike Shuji , Dong Yuqiang , Kakusawa Naoki , Matsumura Mio , Kurita Jyoji
Published: November 2014

It is demonstrated, that triarylantimony diacetates are efficient reagents for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling with standard diboron compounds to form arylboronic esters in good to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed B—H Activation of 1,2‐Azaborines: Synthesis and Characterization of BN Isosteres of Stilbenes.
Authors: Brown Alec N. , Zakharov Lev N. , Mikulas Tanya , Dixon David A. , Liu Shih‐Yuan
Published: November 2014

Compound (IIIb) represents an isostere of the biologically active 4‐methoxy‐E‐stilbene, which is further explored by X‐ray analysis, investigation of its photophysical properties and solvatochroism studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of π‐Extended Dibenzophospholes by Intramolecular Radical Cyclization and Their Properties.
Authors: Furukawa Shunsuke , Haga Shunsuke , Kobayashi Junji , Kawashima Takayuki
Published: November 2014

The structures of products (VI) and (VII) are examined by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Toxicological Investigations of a Previously Unknown Poisonous European Mushroom Tricholoma terreum.
Authors: Yin Xia , Feng Tao , Shang Jian‐Hua , Zhao Yun‐Li , Wang Fang , Li Zheng‐Hui , Dong Ze‐Jun , Luo Xiao‐Dong , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: November 2014

Fifteen new triterpenoids, including terreolides A‐C (I) possessing a unique trioxaspiroketal system and terreolides D‐F (II) having an unprecedented carbon skeleton, are isolated from the title mushroom.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenes and Sesquiterpenes with anti‐Coxsackie Virus B3 Activity from the Stems of Illicium jiadifengpi.
Authors: Yu Shi‐Shan , et al. et al.
Published: November 2014

Seven new diterpenes (I)‐(VII) (jiadifenoic acids J‐P) and two new sesquiterpenes (VIII) and (IX) (sesquicaranoic acids A and B) as well as four known compounds are isolated from them title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nardosinane Type Sesquiterpenoids from Nardostachys chinensis Batal.
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Bo , Liu Ming‐Li , Duan Ying‐Hui , Tian Hai‐Yan , Li Chang , Dai Yi , Yao Xin‐Sheng
Published: November 2014

Five new sesquiterpenoids (I)‐(V) (nardosinanone A‐E) are isolated from the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 2‐Cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)acetate (o‐NosylOXY): A Recyclable Coupling Reagent for Racemization‐Free Synthesis of Peptide, Amide, Hydroxamate, and Ester.
Authors: Dev Dharm , Palakurthy Nani Babu , Thalluri Kishore , Chandra Jyoti , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: November 2014

The title agent is stable at room temperature for a long period.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiodivergent Syntheses of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Dysibetaine CPa and N‐Desmethyl Analogue.
Authors: Sakai Michihiro , Tanaka Kento , Takamizawa Satoshi , Oikawa Masato
Published: November 2014

The total syntheses of (‐)‐(I), isolated from Lendenfeldia chondrodes, and its antipode render possible the unambiguous determination of the absolute configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Flavonol Glycoside from the Root of Sida rhombifolia.
Authors: Harikant Harikant , Bhadauria Vivek , Maurya Priyanka , Singh Pravin K. , Singh J.
Published: November 2014

New flavonol glycoside (I) is isolated and characterized by chemical, spectral and elemental analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods for the Synthesis of Carotenoid Glycosides.
Authors: Hanaura Miki , Agocs Attila , Boeddi Katalin , Deli Jozsef , Nagy Veronika
Published: November 2014

Compound (Ia) is obtained by using the acetimidate method and compound (Ib) by using the Ferrier rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: New Water Soluble Pd‐Imidate Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Synthesis of C5‐Arylated Pyrimidine Nucleosides.
Authors: Kapdi Anant , Gayakhe Vijay , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Garcia Joaquin , Lozano Pedro , da Silva Ivan , Perez Jose , Serrano J. Luis
Published: November 2014

Four new water soluble Pd(II) complexes are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Nucleosides with 2′‐Spirolactam and 2′‐Spiropyrrolidine Moieties as Potential Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase.
Authors: Dang Qun , Zhang Zhibo , Tang Bingyu , Song Yang , Wu Ling , Chen Tongqian , Bogen Stephane , Girijavallabhan Vinay , Olsen David B. , Meinke Peter T.
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of nucleosides with 2‐spirolactam (III) and 2‐spiropyrrolidine (IV) moiety is based on the key intermediate (II) which is obtained through epoxide ring opening.
ChemInform Abstract: Serendipitous Discovery of a Cascade Approach to Perhydrodibenzofuranones Related to the Natural Product Incarviditone.
Authors: Christou Stephania , Edwards Alyn C. , Pritchard Robin G. , Quayle Peter , Stratford Ian J. , Whitehead Roger C.
Published: November 2014

The toxicity of the novel dimers (I) towards the Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Line A548 is assessed in view of the discovery of antiproliferative agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Formation of Tetrahydrofuran Rings via [3 + 2] Annulation: Total Synthesis of Plakortone L.
Authors: Sugimura Hideyuki , Sato Shougo , Tokudome Kensei , Yamada Takeshi
Published: November 2014

The key step can be used for a general stereoselective approach to the structural motif of the Plakortone family.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Removal of 137Cs in Seawater by Potassium Titanium Ferrocyanide Functionalized Magnetic Microspheres with Multilayer Core—Shell Structure.
Authors: Yi Rong , Ye Gang , Wu Fengcheng , Wen Mingfen , Feng Xiaogui , Chen Jing
Published: November 2014

Fe3O4@SiO2@KTiFC (KTiFC: potassium titanium ferrocyanide) particles are prepared from mixtures of Fe3O4@SiO2 in H2O, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and Ti(OBu)4 in EtOH (reflux, 85°C, 150 min), followed by soaking the obtained product in a HCl solution of K4Fe(CN)6 (stirring for 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthones from Swertia mussotiias Multitarget‐Directed Antidiabetic Agents.
Authors: Zheng Huan‐Huan , Luo Cui‐Ting , Chen Heru , Lin Juan‐Na , Ye Chun‐Ling , Mao Shuang‐Shuang , Li Yu‐Lin
Published: November 2014

The screening of known xanthones from Swertia mussotii as potential multitarget antidiabetic agents is described.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Capacity Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Ha Kwang‐Ho , Oh Seung M. , Lee Kyu Tae
Published: November 2014

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Crystalline Structure of Porous Carbons
Authors: Inagaki Michio , Toyoda Masahiro , Tsumura Tomoki
Published: November 2014

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Oxide/Hydroxide‐Based Materials for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shi Fan , Li Lu , Wang Xiu‐li , Gu Chang‐dong , Tu Jiang‐ping
Published: November 2014

Review: 207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskites as Substitutes of Noble Metals for Heterogeneous Catalysis: Dream or Reality
Authors: Royer Sebastien , Duprez Daniel , Can Fabien , Courtois Xavier , Batiot‐Dupeyrat Catherine , Laassiri Said , Alamdari Houshang
Published: November 2014

Review: 835 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Dioxide (Anatase and Rutile): Surface Chemistry, Liquid‐Solid Interface Chemistry, and Scientific Synthesis of Supported Catalysts
Authors: Bourikas Kyriakos , Kordulis Christos , Lycourghiotis Alexis
Published: November 2014

Review: 451 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure Classification of Heteraspiro[m.n]alkanes.
Authors: Undheim Kjell
Published: November 2014

Review: [153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioureas as Ligands in Organometallic Reactions
Authors: Li Jingjie , Shi Li‐Li , Chen Jiahua , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: November 2014

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangements of Nitrile‐Stabilized Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Lahm Guenther , Orejarena Pacheco Julio , Opatz Till
Published: November 2014

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards “Cleaner” Olefin Metathesis: Tailoring the NHC Ligand of Second Generation Ruthenium Catalysts to Afford Auxiliary Traits
Authors: Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Kosinski Krzysztof , Grela Karol
Published: November 2014

Review: [103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Description of Catalyzed and Induced (Initiated) Reactions of Organic Compounds. Terminology Problems
Authors: Gul'tyai V. P. , Belen'kii L. I.
Published: November 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactions of Alkynes with Ketones in Superbasic Media
Authors: Trofimov B. A. , Schmidt E. Yu.
Published: November 2014

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Cyclic Compounds
Authors: Liao Qian , Yang Xianghua , Xi Chanjuan
Published: November 2014

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Physical Properties of Supramolecular Peptide Assemblies: From Building Block Association to Technological Applications
Authors: Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Gazit Ehud
Published: November 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arene C—H Functionalization Using a Removable/Modifiable or a Traceless Directing Group Strategy
Authors: Zhang Fengzhi , Spring David R.
Published: November 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Click” Reactions: A Versatile Toolbox for the Synthesis of Peptide‐Conjugates
Authors: Tang Wen , Becker Matthew L.
Published: November 2014

Review: 237 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Fan Guoli , Li Feng , Evans David G. , Duan Xue
Published: November 2014

Review: 293 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of Isodon Diterpenes
Authors: Lazarski Kiel E. , Moritz Benjamin J. , Thomson Regan J.
Published: November 2014

Review: [31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in One‐Pot Tandem Oxidation Process Coupling Reactions
Authors: Jeena Vineet , Robinson Ross S.
Published: November 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions: A Powerful Synthetic Tool
Authors: Kapdi Anant R. , Prajapati Dharmendra
Published: November 2014

Review: [89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Polyoxometalate‐Based Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials for Liquid‐Phase Organic Transformations
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chen Guojian , Long Zhouyang , Wang Jun
Published: November 2014

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review On: Synthesis, Chemistry and Therapeutic Approaches of Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Ghosh Rajat , Biplab De
Published: November 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Biologically Active Plant Metabolites via the Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Shults E. E.
Published: November 2014

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corroles. Acid‐catalysis Leading to Meso‐substituted Corroles
Authors: Iglesias B. A.
Published: November 2014

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Helicene‐like Chiral Auxiliaries in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Aillard P. , Voituriez A. , Marinetti A.
Published: November 2014

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Design in Oxidation Chemistry; from KMnO4 to Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Doble Megan V. , Ward Andrew C. C. , Deuss Peter J. , Jarvis Amanda G. , Kamer Paul C. J.
Published: November 2014

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ynamide Structural Analogues and Their Synthetic Transformations
Authors: Lu Ting , Hsung Richard P.
Published: November 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress of Ammonium Chloride as Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Pal Rammohan
Published: November 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqua Mediated Synthesis of Spirocyclic Compounds
Authors: Khanna Pankaj , Panda Siva S. , Khanna Leena , Jain Subhash C.
Published: November 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homochirality: Symmetry Breaking in Systems Driven Far from Equilibrium
Authors: Saito Yukio , Hyuga Hiroyuki
Published: November 2014

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium Diphosphine Complexes: A Case Study for Catalyst Activation and Deactivation
Authors: Meissner Antje , Alberico Elisabetta , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Baumann Wolfgang , Heller Detlef
Published: November 2014

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Reactivity of 5‐Aminopenta‐2,4‐dienals: Useful Intermediates for Nitrogen Heterocycles Synthesis
Authors: Delpech Bernard
Published: November 2014

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Literature Review of the Kinetics for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Well‐Defined Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Carrero C. A. , Schloegl R. , Wachs I. E. , Schomaecker R.
Published: November 2014

Review: 188 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Boronic Acid Mannich Reaction
Authors: Pyne Stephen G. , Tang Minyan
Published: November 2014

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Stable σ‐Bonds for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: November 2014

Review: [C‐C bond formation reactions using organometallic reagents and catalysts]
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Allylsilanes and Silyl Enol Ethers to Small Oxygenated Rings: New Tools for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hernandez‐Cervantes Carmen , Alvarez‐Corral Miriam , Munoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodriguez‐Garcia Ignacio
Published: November 2014

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Titanium Reagents in Carbonyl Compounds Reactions
Authors: Choudhary Partibha , Sharma Varun , Om Hari , Devi Poonam
Published: November 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Squalene to Squalane
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pandarus Valerica , Beland Francois , Pagliaro Mario
Published: November 2014

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemistry of Structurally Unique Hexasubstituted Pyrazolines
Authors: Baumstark Alfons L. , Vasquez Pedro C. , McTush‐Camp Davita
Published: November 2014

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Benzothiazoles: Synthesis and Medicinal Characteristics
Authors: Henary Maged , Paranjpe Shirish , Owens Eric A.
Published: November 2014

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles Derived from 2H‐1,4‐Benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐ones
Authors: Reddy Gowravaram Jagath , Rao Khandavalli Srinivasa
Published: November 2014

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Cyclic Organic Peroxides: Key Transformations into Peroxide Ring‐Retaining Products
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Borisov Dmitry A. , Vil Vera A. , Dembitsky Valery M.
Published: November 2014

Review: 443 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Pyrans, Pyridazines, Pyrimidines, Pyrazines and Triazine Compounds Using Benzoylacetonitriles as a Precursor
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , El‐Mansy Mohamed F. , Khidre Rizk E.
Published: November 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Activity of Derivatives of Oximes of Four‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Abele Edgars
Published: November 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidation of Thioethers with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P.
Published: November 2014

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Reactions Applied to the Synthesis of Helicenes and Helicene‐Like Compounds
Authors: Hoffmann Norbert
Published: November 2014

Review: 234 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines with Allylic Boronates
Authors: Huo Hua‐Xing , Duvall Jeremy R. , Huang Meng‐Yuan , Hong Ran
Published: November 2014

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Biology of Theta Defensins
Authors: Conibear Anne C. , Craik David J.
Published: November 2014

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Design, Synthesis, and Applications of One‐Dimensional TiO2 Nanostructured Surface Heterostructures
Authors: Tian Jian , Zhao Zhenhuan , Kumar Anil , Boughton Robert I. , Liu Hong
Published: November 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Systems Biology Brings New Dimensions for Structure‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Pei Jianfeng , Yin Ning , Ma Xiaomin , Lai Luhua
Published: November 2014

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Smart Chemistry in Polymeric Nanomedicine
Authors: Tong Rong , Tang Li , Ma Liang , Tu Chunlai , Baumgartner Ryan , Cheng Jianjun
Published: November 2014

Review: overview of smart chemistry developed and utilized in the last 5—10 years in polymer‐based drug delivery nanomedicine; 506 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids Grafted on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Xin Bingwei , Hao Jingcheng
Published: November 2014

Review: achievements and applications of covalently linked supported ionic liquids in catalytic reactions, surface modification, separation technologies, and electrochemistry; 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanogold Plasmonic Photocatalysis for Organic Synthesis and Clean Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Changlong , Astruc Didier
Published: November 2014

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of Shape‐Controlled Nanoparticles as Catalysts with Enhanced Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Lee Hyunjoo
Published: November 2014

Review: 121 refs.
Bromolactamization: Key Step in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure, cis‐Configured Perhydropyrroloquinoxalines
Authors: Schulte Adrian , Situ Xingci , Saito Susumu , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: November 2014

Compounds based on the pyrroloquinoxaline system can interact with serotonin 5‐HT3, cannabinoid CB1, and μ‐opioid receptors. Herein, a chiral pool synthesis of diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure bromolactam (S,R,R,R)‐14A is presented. Introduction of the cyclohexenyl ring at the N‐atom of (S)‐proline derivatives 8 or methyl (S)‐pyroglutamate (12) led to the N‐cyclohexenyl substituted pyrrolidine derivatives 4 and 13, respectively. All attempts to cyclize the (S)‐proline derivatives 4 with a basic pyrrolidine N‐atom via [3 + 2] cycloaddition, aziridination, or bromolactamization failed. Fast aromatization occurred during treatment of cyclohexenamines under halolactamization conditions. In contrast, reaction of a 1:1 mixture of diastereomeric pyroglutamates (S,R)‐13bA and (S,S)‐13bB with LiOtBu and NBS provided the tricyclic bromolactam (S,R,R,R)‐14A with high diastereoselectivity from (S,R)‐13bA, but did not transform the diastereomer (S,S)‐13bB. The different behavior of the diastereomeric pyroglutamates (S,R)‐13bA and (S,S)‐13bB is explained by different energetically favored conformations. Chirality 26:793–800, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐Principle Results for the Radial Pair Distribution Function in Strongly Coupled One‐Component Plasmas
Authors: Ott T. , Bonitz M.
Published: November 2014

The radial pair distribution function (RPDF) is the most simple way to characterize the structure of a system. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the dependence of the RPDF on the coupling parameter and screening length in Coulomb and Yukawa One‐Component plasmas. These data allows for a precise assessment of the coupling strength of experiments and simulations via a structural measurement and give a benchmark for analytical models. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward a Nonequilibrium Green Functions Approach to Diffusion in Strongly Coupled Finite Quantum Systems
Authors: Bonitz M. , Schlünzen N. , Hermanns S.
Published: November 2014

Transport properties of strongly correlated quantum systems are of central interest in condensed matter, ultracold atoms and in dense plasmas. There, the proper treatment of strong correlations poses a great challenge to theory. Here, we apply a Nonequilibrium Green Functions approach using a lattice model as a basic system. This allow us to treat a finite spatially inhomogeneous system with an arbitrary nonequilibrium initial state. Placing all particles initially to one side of the system allows for a nonequilibrium study of diffusion. Strong correlation effects are incorporated via T‐matrix selfenergies. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Utilility of flow cytometry as ancillary study to improve the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid lymphomas
Authors: Stacchini Alessandra , Pacchioni Donatella , Demurtas Anna , Aliberti Sabrina , Cassenti Adele , Isolato Giuseppe , Gazzera Carlo , Veltri Andrea , Sapino Anna , Papotti Mauro , Freddi Milena , Palestini Nicola , Sisto Gabriella , Novero Domenico
Published: November 2014

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of the use of flow cytometry (FC) immunophenotyping together with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma.

Methods

FC was performed in parallel with FNAC in 35 samples of suspected thyroid lymphoma over a 12 years period. Results were correlated with histological or molecular findings and follow‐up, when available.

Results

A final diagnosis of lymphoma was given in 13 of 35 (37.1%) specimens. Among the 22 cases considered negative for lymphoma by FC, 11 were diagnosed as thyroiditis by cytology, 7 as reactive, 2 were anaplastic carcinoma, and 2 cases were considered cytologically suspicious for lymphoma but were not confirmed by further investigations. Histology on core biopsy or molecular analysis was available in 12 of 13 lymphoma cases (92.3%). Data obtained by the combination cytology/FC were confirmed in all cases on histology biopsies. Correlation with histology showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% for the combination cytology/FC.

Conclusions

FC is an important additional test that can contribute with cytology to the identification of lymphomas of the thyroid. FC can detect the presence of small neoplastic lymphocyte populations and may contribute to the diagnosis of cases in which the lymphoid infiltrate is difficult to interpret on cytology alone. © 2014 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Is thyroid gland only a “land” for primary malignancies? role of morphology and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Martini Maurizio , Straccia Patrizia , Gerhard Rene , Evangelista Antonella , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido , Maria Larocca Luigi , Schmitt Fernando
Published: November 2014

Background

Thyroid Metastases (TM) represent a rare entity with an estimated variability ranging between 0 and 24%. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) might be useful in discriminating between primary and TM nodules especially when ancillary techniques (i.e., immunocytochemistry‐ICC) are carried out.

Methods

We herein appraised a series of 20 TM on FNAC analyzed between 2000 and 2013. We included eight male and 12 female patients. The cytological cases were processed with both liquid based (LBC) and conventional cytology.

Results

We reported 2.2% TM out of 910 malignancies. Our TM cases resulted as: six lung (LG), five gastro‐intestinal (GI), five breast (B), three larynx (LX), and one clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) metastases. All the patients had a previous known cancer history. Although the cytological features were likely to suspect a TM, the application of ICC panels was contributive in 100% cases. None of TMs resulted as a unique localization whereby two cases underwent total thyroidectomy (including one B and one CCRC) and 18 TM were treated with radio‐chemotherapy approaches.

Conclusions

FNAC empowered the diagnostic workup of patients with TM avoiding useless surgical approach. The low sensitivity of cytology might be reinforced by the application of ancillary techniques. In contrast with the reported predominant rate of kidney metastatic carcinomas, our findings underlined that intestinal cancer as well as lung and breast are the most common TM. TM are frequently multifocal and in a contest of a systemic disease so that a tailored therapy seems to be the best treatment Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:374–380. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on the phase I metabolism of novel synthetic cannabinoids, APICA and its fluorinated analogue
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Prasolov Ilya , Rodchenkov Grigory
Published: November 2014

The data are reported for an in vitro metabolism study of two novel synthetic cannabinoids, N‐(1‐adamantyl)‐1‐pentyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamide (APICA) and its fluorinated analog N‐(1‐adamantyl)‐1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamide (5F‐APICA, STS‐135), which are active ingredients of smoking mixtures sold in Russia since 2012. The cannabinoids were isolated from herbal mixtures using preparative liquid chromatography and then incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs). The formed metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography – triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and high‐resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. It was found that HLMs produce mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxylated metabolites, as well as N‐desalkyl metabolites, which can be further hydroxylated; the amide bond resisted the metabolic cleavage. For 5F‐APICA, a series of oxidative defluorination products formed as well. For in vivo confirmation of the formed in vitro metabolites, spot urine samples from drug users were analyzed with the created method. It was shown that for the detection of APICA abuse, the preferred metabolites are the di‐ and tri‐hydroxylated species, while in case of 5F‐APICA, a monohydroxy metabolite is a better target. The N‐despentyl (desfluoropentyl) hydroxyadamantyl metabolite also provides good retrospectivity to confirm the administration of any of these cannabinoids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial Functioning of Children with and without Dyslexia: A Follow‐up Study from Ages Four to Nine
Authors: Parhiala P. , Torppa M. , Eklund K. , Aro T. , Poikkeus A.‐M. , Heikkilä R. , Ahonen T.
Published: November 2014

This longitudinal study compares developmental changes in psychosocial functioning during the transition into school of children with and without dyslexia. In addition, it examines the effects of gender and family risk for dyslexia in terms of the associations between dyslexia and psychosocial functioning. Children's psychosocial functioning (social skills, inattention and externalizing and internalizing problems) was evaluated by their parents at ages 4, 6 and 9, and diagnosis for dyslexia was made at age 8 (in grade 2). The findings indicated that children with dyslexia were already rated as having poorer social skills and being more inattentive than were typical readers before their entry into school. Significant interactions of gender and diagnosis of dyslexia emerged for social skills and inattention. The social skills of boys with dyslexia improved after school entry as compared to the level of girls without dyslexia, whereas the social skills of girls with dyslexia did not improve. Boys with dyslexia were rated as showing a high level of inattention both prior to and after school entry, whereas, for girls with dyslexia, inattention ratings increased after school entry, eventually matching the boys' levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the Dynamics of Eu3+ Ions in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids – Electrochemical and Time‐Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies
Authors: Gupta Ruma , Gupta Santosh K. , Gamre J. S. , Lohithakshan K. V. , Natarajan V. , Aggarwal S. K.
Published: November 2014

To understand the oxidation state, coordination geometry, and physicochemical behavior of the Eu3+ complex with dihexyl N,N‐diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP) in the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][NTf2]), the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the system were investigated. The electrochemical behavior of Eu3+–DHDECMP in [bmim][NTf2] was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in [bmim][NTf2] is quasireversible and controlled by diffusion as well as charge‐transfer kinetics. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirms that the symmetry around the europium ions in Eu3+–DHDECMP in the room‐temperature IL (RTIL) is relatively low; this is further supported by calculations of the Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2 higher than Ω4). On the basis of fluorescence lifetime measurements, the number of water molecules in the inner sphere is six for uncomplexed europium ions, and practically no water molecules are retained in the presence of the complexing extractant DHDECMP.
The Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Characterization of (SnSe)1.2TiSe2
Authors: Merrill Devin R. , Moore Daniel B. , Ditto Jeffrey , Sutherland Duncan R. , Falmbigl Matthias , Winkler Markus , Pernau Hans‐Fridtjof , Johnson David C.
Published: November 2014

(SnSe)1.2TiSe2 was found to self‐assemble from a precursor containing modulated layers of Sn–Se and Ti–Se over a surprisingly large range of layer thicknesses and compositions. The constituent lattices form an alternating layer superstructure with rotational disorder present between the layers. This compound was found to have the highest Seebeck coefficient measured for analogous TiX2 containing misfit layered compounds to date, suggesting potential for low‐temperature thermoelectric applications. Electrical characterization suggests that electrons transferred from SnSe to TiSe2 are responsible for the higher carrier concentration observed relative to bulk TiSe2. The transfer of charge from one constituent to the other may provide a mechanism for doping layered dichalcogenides for various applications without negatively affecting carrier mobility.
Substitutional Lability of Diphosphine Ligands in Tetrahedral Iron(II) Chloro Complexes
Authors: Langer Robert , Bönisch Friedrich , Maser Leon , Pietzonka Clemens , Vondung Lisa , Zimmermann Thomas Philipp
Published: November 2014

A series of iron(II) dihalogenide complexes with two different bisphosphinoethane ligands is reported. In the case of 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe), depending on the stoichiometry, the tetrahedral [(μ‐dppe)FeCl2]n and octahedral trans‐[(dppe)2FeCl2] complexes are formed. The polymeric complex [(μ‐dppe)FeCl2]n, with iron in a tetrahedral environment, preferentially reacts with chelating amines to give the octahedral diphosphine complex, trans‐[(dppe)2FeCl2], and different octahedral amine complexes. With the sterically more demanding 1,2‐bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)ethane (dippe), the monomeric and tetrahedral halogen complexes [(dippe)FeX2] are exclusively obtained (X = Cl, Br). These complexes react with chelating amines in a similar manner, to give free ligand and the corresponding octahedral amine complex. The present results suggest that the diphosphines in the investigated iron(II) complexes are bound too weakly to form productive catalyst precursors.
Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation candidates can be selected using fatty acid profiling
Authors: Galuszka Jan , Vostalova Jitka , Cervena Blanka , Galuszkova Dana , Simanek Vilim , Holcapek Michal , Cifkova Eva , Lisa Miroslav , Vrbkova Jana , Bancirova Martina , Taborsky Milos , Novotny Dalibor
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) profile in the plasma and erythrocyte membranes of apparently healthy men compared to male patients with various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The plasma FA profiles were analyzed in five groups of subjects aged 37–57 years: groups 1 and 2 were male voluntary blood donors with a body mass index (BMI) 25.1 ± 1.6, (Group 1, N = 12) and a BMI 32.9 ± 4.5, (Group 2, N = 11) respectively, male patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy (Group 3, N = 10), chronic atrial fibrillation without heart failure or coronary heart disease (Group 4, N = 10) and patients after myocardial infarction (Group 5, N = 11). The FA profile in plasma and erythrocytes was measured by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection and basic plasma lipid parameters were then estimated. Deficiencies of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found in all the groups of CVD patients and in Group 2 (BMI 32.9 ± 4.5) of this Central European population. Unfavorable alterations in FA composition and clinical biochemistry parameters were found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (Group 3). Further, 75% of Group 1 (blood donors) had an average plasma PUFA level in the worst quartile for relative risk of cardiovascular events. Tailored n‐3 PUFA supplementation should be recommended not only for secondary prevention in patients suffering from CVD but also for primary prevention in overweight and obese persons with a proven deficiency.

Practical applications: Plasma and erythrocyte membrane n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels are an important parameter of diet composition as well as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Regular sea fish intake or alternative supplementation with the n‐3 PUFA recommendation is in all probability insufficiently realized, particularly in inland countries. In addition to contemporary guidelines and practice, research is providing data on the use of FA analysis for revealing people with an n‐3 PUFA deficiency. This approach could benefit people suffering from CVD as well as for overweight and obese populations with demonstrated deficiency.

Tailored n‐3 PUFA supplementation should be recommended not only for secondary prevention in patients suffering from CVD but also for primary prevention in overweight and obese persons with a proven deficiency.
Formulation and preparation of a stable intravenous disulfiram‐loaded lipid emulsion
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Ling , Hu Xi , Lin Xia , Zhang Yu , Tang Xing
Published: November 2014

In this study, a disulfiram‐loaded lipid emulsion (DSF‐LE) was prepared to improve its clinical application in cancer treatment. DSF‐LEs were characterized with regard to their visual appearance, particle size distribution, pH values, and percentage drug degradation. However, it was found that DSF‐LEs had poor chemical stability, which might have been affected by the pH values and lecithin used in our previous study. Buffer salts and CO2 were used respectively to control the pH, and a significant reduction in DSF degradation in the acceleration test was observed when CO2 was used as a protective gas. Investigations of naturally‐extracted and synthetic lecithins showed that lecithin contained more phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), causing more degradation of DSF due to its higher peroxidation. As far as the degradation mechanism was concerned, it was speculated that free radicals generated during the peroxidation process of unsaturated acyl‐groups of lecithin could react with DSF to produce unstable diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC), which readily broke down into CS2 and diethylamine. Diethylamine is an alkaline compound that can increase the pH of DSF‐LEs, leading to the further degradation of DSF. Finally, an optimum DSF‐LE was obtained with good stability after being accelerated at 60°C for 5 days and at 25°C for 3 months.

Practical applications: DSF is extremely unstable in gastric juice and blood, so the currently available oral formulation of DSF has limited its clinical application. Here we propose a DSF‐LE to increase the therapeutic amount of drug reaching the cancer to improve its application in cancer treatment. In addition, some influences of formulation were investigated in detail. The investigation of pH control and properties of lecithins might have some guiding significances for industrial manufacture.

In this article, a stable intravenous disulfiram‐loaded lipid emulsion was developed. The influences of pH values, oil, and lecithin on the stability of drug in emulsion were researched to obtain an optimum formulation. In the end, a probable interaction of DSF with lecithin was given according to a series of investigations of naturally‐extracted and synthetic lecithins.
Fat crystallization with talc particles is influenced by particle size, concentration, and cooling rate
Authors: Yoshikawa Shinichi , Kida Haruyasu , Sato Kiyotaka
Published: November 2014

We recently found that new types of additives including talc promoted the crystallization of monoacid saturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) in stable polymorphs. This study reports the effects of size and concentration of talc particles and cooling rate on the crystallization of trilauroylglycerol (LLL), tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP), and 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl glycerol (POP). Talc particles were mixed with molten TAGs, and the mixtures were then cooled at designated cooling rates. Polymorphic crystallization was observed by simultaneous use of X‐ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry and by polarized optical microscopy. The following results were obtained: (i) talc promoted the crystallization of LLL in stable polymorphs with decreasing particle size and increasing concentration; (ii) the promotional effects were influenced by the cooling rate; (iii) the same behavior was observed for PPP and POP; and (iv) hydrophobic modification of talc surfaces did not affect the promotional effects. These results indicate that talc particles having median sizes of less than 2.5 μm and concentrations exceeding 0.1 wt.% effectively promote fat crystallization, and that the promotional effects can be maximized by choosing proper cooling rates according to the target fats. Furthermore, we propose a model of the heterogeneous nucleation of TAG crystals taking account of the molecular adsorption on cleavage surfaces of talc.

Practical applications

Talc is widely approved as a food‐grade ingredient, and the additive effects on various triacylglycerols widen its applicability to fat‐based food and cosmetic materials.

With grinding, talc particles exhibit anisotropic surfaces: cleavage surfaces are hydrophobic, and edge (lateral) surfaces are hydrophilic. Hydrophobic modification of the edge surfaces does not affect the additive effects of talc particles on fat crystallization, indicating adsorption of fat molecules on the cleavage surfaces.
Synthesis of (+)‐6,7‐Dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxylic Acid, a Diastereoselective Approach
Authors: Bułyszko Ilona , Chrzanowska Maria , Grajewska Agnieszka , Rozwadowska Maria D.
Published: November 2014

The diastereoselective synthesis of (+)‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxylic acid (90 % ee) was accomplished by employing a combination of two synthetic methods, that is, the Petasis synthesis of amino acids and the Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbitt synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. The stereochemical outcome of the synthesis was controlled by chiral aminoacetaldehyde acetals, which were used as the amine component of the Petasis step to yield the Pomeranz–Fritsch–Bobbitt substrate for the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring formation in one simple operation.
IrIII‐Catalyzed Direct C‐7 Amidation of Indolines with Sulfonyl, Acyl, and Aryl Azides at Room Temperature
Authors: Hou Wei , Yang Yaxi , Ai Wen , Wu Yunxiang , Wang Xuan , Zhou Bing , Li Yuanchao
Published: November 2014

A general procedure for an IrIII‐catalyzed C‐7 selective C–H amidation and amination of indolines is reported. The reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance, requires no external oxidants, and releases N2 as the single byproduct, thus providing an environmentally benign, readily scalable method for the synthesis of 7‐aminoindolines. More importantly, acyl, sulfonyl, and aryl azides can be employed as the amino source in this C–H amidation reaction under very mild and pH‐neutral reaction conditions (i.e., room temperature) to afford N‐(7‐indolinyl)amides, N‐(7indolinyl)‐sulfonamides, and N‐(7‐indolinyl)arylamines in good to excellent yields. In addition, a one‐pot synthesis for 7‐aminoindoles was developed. Overall, this procedure is robust, reliable, and compatible in air.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) Promoted PdII‐Catalyzed Substrate‐Directed o‐Benzoxylation and Decarboxylative o‐Aroylation
Authors: Santra Sourav Kumar , Banerjee Arghya , Khatun Nilufa , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2014

Inexpensive ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is an efficient oxidant for the Pd‐catalyzed substrate‐directed o‐benzoxylation and decarboxylative o‐aroylation processes. In the presence of CAN, the reaction of directing arenes with carboxylic acids resulted in o‐benzoxylated products, whereas a decarboxylative o‐aroylation occurred by using α‐keto acids, which led to the formation of o‐aroylation products.
Plasmonic nanoparticle synthesis and bioconjugation for bioanalytical sensing
Authors: Csáki Andrea , Thiele Matthias , Jatschka Jacqueline , Dathe André , Zopf David , Stranik Ondrej , Fritzsche Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

Plasmonic nanoparticles, e.g. nanoscale particles consisting of noble metals, show high potential as transducer elements in novel optical sensors. Their optical properties are based on collective and coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons by irradiating electromagnetic waves. The resulting resonance band (localized surface plasmon resonance [LSPR]) is adjustable in the UV‐ to near‐infrared spectral range and can be defined by the chemical synthesis. The synthesis conditions can determine dimension, material and particle shape, and these parameters represent the main factors for the position of the LSPR and the bulk sensitivity. Therefore, a reproducible synthesis of nanoparticles with defined LSPR is of importance. The sensing principle is based on the strong influence of the surrounding medium's refractive index. Especially, anisotropically shaped particles are especially sensitive to small changes in the medium; therefore, their defined synthesis is in the focus of current developments. In this review, we give an overview of the different synthesis techniques for nanoparticles, including miniaturized fluid devices. For sensoric applications, the conjugation of nanoparticles with biomolecules represents a key step; thus, typical functionalization approaches are considered. In the following sections, different LSPR sensing strategies are introduced, and possible applications, especially in DNA analytics, are demonstrated.