bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Culture Adaptive Amino Acid Substitutions in FMDV Structural Proteins: A Key Mechanism for Altered Receptor Tropism
Authors: Mushtaq Hassan , Shah Syed Salman , Zarlashat Yusra , Iqbal Mazhar , Abbas Wasim
Published: March 2024

The foot-and-mouth disease virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating virus of cloven-hooved animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, causing reduced animal productivity and posing international trade restrictions. For decades, chemically inactivated vaccines have been serving as the most effective strategy for the management of foot-and-mouth disease. Inactivated vaccines are commercially produced in cell culture systems, which require successful propagation and adaptation of field isolates, demanding a high cost and laborious time. Cell culture adaptation is chiefly indebted to amino acid substitutions in surface-exposed capsid proteins, altering the necessity of RGD-dependent receptors to heparan sulfate macromolecules for virus binding. Several amino acid substations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins of FMDV, both at structural and functional levels, have been characterized previously. This literature review combines frequently reported amino acid substitutions in virus capsid proteins, their critical roles in virus adaptation, and functional characterization of the substitutions. Furthermore, this data can facilitate molecular virologists to develop new vaccine strains against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, revolutionizing vaccinology via reverse genetic engineering and synthetic biology.
An Amplicon-Based Application for the Whole-Genome Sequencing of GI-19 Lineage Infectious Bronchitis Virus Directly from Clinical Samples
Authors: Le Hoang Duc , Thai Tuyet Ngan , Kim Jae-Kyeom , Song Hye-Soon , Her Moon , Tran Xuan Thach , Kim Ji-Ye , Kim Hye-Ryoung
Published: March 2024

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. IBV exhibits a high mutation rate, resulting in the continuous emergence of new variants and strains. A complete genome analysis of IBV is crucial for understanding its characteristics. However, it is challenging to obtain whole-genome sequences from IBV-infected clinical samples due to the low abundance of IBV relative to the host genome. Here, we present a novel approach employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to directly sequence the complete genome of IBV. Through in silico analysis, six primer pairs were designed to match various genotypes, including the GI-19 lineage of IBV. The primer sets successfully amplified six overlapping fragments by long-range PCR and the size of the amplicons ranged from 3.7 to 6.4 kb, resulting in full coverage of the IBV genome. Furthermore, utilizing Illumina sequencing, we obtained the complete genome sequences of two strains belonging to the GI-19 lineage (QX genotype) from clinical samples, with 100% coverage rates, over 1000 × mean depth coverage, and a high percentage of mapped reads to the reference genomes (96.63% and 97.66%). The reported method significantly improves the whole-genome sequencing of IBVs from clinical samples; thus, it can improve understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBVs.
Development and Application of Attenuated Plant Viruses as Biological Control Agents in Japan
Authors: Tomitaka Yasuhiro , Shimomoto Yoshifumi , Ryang Bo-Song , Hayashi Kazusa , Oki Tomoka , Matsuyama Momoko , Sekine Ken-Taro
Published: March 2024

In 1929, it was reported that yellowing symptoms caused by a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) yellow mosaic isolate were suppressed in tobacco plants that were systemically infected with a TMV light green isolate. Similar to vaccination, the phenomenon of cross-protection involves a whole plant being infected with an attenuated virus and involves the same or a closely related virus species. Therefore, attenuated viruses function as biological control agents. In Japan, many studies have been performed on cross-protection. For example, the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)-L11A strain is an attenuated isolate developed by researchers and shows high control efficiency against wild-type ToMV in commercial tomato crops. Recently, an attenuated isolate of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)-2002 was developed and registered as a biological pesticide to control cucumber mosaic disease. In addition, attenuated isolates of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) have been developed in Japan. These attenuated viruses, sometimes called plant vaccines, can be used not only as single vaccines but also as multiple vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of studies on attenuated plant viruses developed in Japan. We also discuss the application of the attenuated strains, including the production of vaccinated seedlings.
Long-Term Survival and Immune Response Dynamics in Melanoma Patients Undergoing TAPCells-Based Vaccination Therapy
Authors: Tittarelli Andrés , Pereda Cristian , Gleisner María A. , López Mercedes N. , Flores Iván , Tempio Fabián , Lladser Alvaro , Achour Adnane , González Fermín E. , Durán-Aniotz Claudia , Miranda Juan P. , Larrondo Milton , Salazar-Onfray Flavio
Published: March 2024

Cancer vaccines present a promising avenue for treating immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs)-refractory patients, fostering immune responses to modulate the tumor microenvironment. We revisit a phase I/II trial using Tumor Antigen-Presenting Cells (TAPCells) (NCT06152367), an autologous antigen-presenting cell vaccine loaded with heat-shocked allogeneic melanoma cell lysates. Initial findings showcased TAPCells inducing lysate-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, correlating with prolonged survival. Here, we extend our analysis over 15 years, categorizing patients into short-term (<36 months) and long-term (≥36 months) survivors, exploring novel associations between clinical outcomes and demographic, genetic, and immunologic parameters. Notably, DTHpos patients exhibit a 53.1% three-year survival compared to 16.1% in DTHneg patients. Extended remissions are observed in long-term survivors, particularly DTHpos/M1cneg patients. Younger age, stage III disease, and moderate immune events also benefit short-term survivors. Immunomarkers like increased C-type lectin domain family 2 member D on CD4+ T cells and elevated interleukin-17A were detected in long-term survivors. In contrast, toll-like receptor-4 D229G polymorphism and reduced CD32 on B cells are associated with reduced survival. TAPCells achieved stable long remissions in 35.2% of patients, especially M1cneg/DTHpos cases. Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of vaccine-induced immune responses in melanoma, emphasizing the identification of emerging biological markers and clinical parameters for predicting long-term remission.
Investigating Beliefs in Anti-Vax Conspiracy Theories among Medical Students
Authors: Domaradzki Jan , Jabkowski Piotr , Walkowiak Dariusz
Published: March 2024

While the doctors’ role in immunization is essential, their lack of knowledge or vaccine hesitancy may affect their ability to communicate effectively and educate patients about vaccination, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine conspiracy theories. This, in turn, may hinder health policy aimed at fighting infectious diseases. Vaccine hesitancy is prevalent not only among the general population but also among healthcare workers; thus, this study is aimed at assessing future doctors’ attitudes towards anti-vax conspiracy theories. A total of 441 medical students at Poznan University of Medical Sciences completed a web-based survey designed to explore their attitudes toward the six most prevalent anti-vaccine conspiracy theories. The survey showed that although over 97% of future doctors support vaccinations as an effective form of fighting infectious diseases, and 80% did not believe in any anti-vax conspiracy theory, a significant fraction of 20% of medical students either believed in at least one such theory or were unsure. It has also shown that male and younger students who had not received a flu vaccination and defined themselves as politically right-wing or conservative and religious were more likely to believe in anti-vax conspiracy theories. Our data suggest that, in order to overcome medical students’ ambivalent attitudes towards anti-vax conspiracy theories, they should receive more education about the importance of vaccination in preventing disease and about effective ways to combat vaccine hesitancy and anti-vax conspiracy theories.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage among People with Self-Reported Cardiovascular Diseases—Findings from the Hungarian Implementation of the European Health Interview Survey
Authors: Szőllősi Gergő József , Pataki Jenifer , Virágh Anett , Bányai Gábor , Boruzs Klára , Bíró Klára , Dombrádi Viktor
Published: March 2024

Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality. This has significant implications for public health. Influenza, a common infectious disease, poses an increased risk for individuals with chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about influenza vaccination coverage in this group. This study utilized data from the Hungarian implementation of the European Health Interview Survey to assess influenza vaccination coverage and its determinants among cardiovascular respondents from 2009 to 2019. The findings reveal a downward trend in the vaccination rates over the years (from 24% to 21%), despite the availability of free vaccination in Hungary for this high-risk population. The main factors influencing low influenza vaccine uptake were identified, as follows: young age, a lower level of education, good self-perceived health status, smoking, a lower frequency of medical visits, and not suffering from respiratory diseases. Addressing these disparities necessitates targeted vaccination strategies supported by enhanced education, better access to healthcare services, and the promotion of preventive healthcare measures. Improving vaccination coverage among patients with cardiovascular diseases is imperative for reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality. This highlights the importance of comprehensive public health interventions and healthcare provider engagement in promoting vaccination among groups at increased risk.
Multivalent and Sequential Heterologous Spike Protein Vaccinations Effectively Induce Protective Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Liu Rong , Natekar Janhavi P. , Kim Ki-Hye , Pathak Heather , Bhatnagar Noopur , Raha Jannatul Ruhan , Park Bo Ryoung , Guglani Anchala , Shin Chong Hyun , Kumar Mukesh , Kang Sang-Moo
Published: March 2024

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to cause challenging problems for the effective control of COVID-19. In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations would induce a broader range and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and more effective protection than homologous spike protein vaccination in a mouse model. We determined spike-specific IgG, receptor-binding inhibition titers, and protective efficacy in the groups of mice that were vaccinated with multivalent recombinant spike proteins (Wuhan, Delta, Omicron), sequentially with heterologous spike protein variants, or with homologous spike proteins. Trivalent (Wuhan + Delta + Omicron) and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations were more effective in inducing serum inhibition activities of receptor binding to spike variants and virus neutralizing antibody titers than homologous spike protein vaccination. The higher efficacy of protection was observed in mice with trivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccination after a challenge with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 strain compared to homologous spike protein vaccination. This study provides evidence that a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous variant spike vaccination might provide more effective protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants than homologous spike vaccination and significantly alleviate severe inflammation due to COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Three African Countries Following Multiple Distinct Immune Challenges
Authors: Ny Mioramalala Diary Juliannie , Ratovoson Rila , Tagnouokam-Ngoupo Paul Alain , Abessolo Abessolo Hermine , Mindimi Nkodo Joseph Marie , Bouting Mayaka Georges , Tsoungui Atangana Pierre Claude , Randrianarisaona Fanirisoa , Pélembi Pulchérie , Nzoumbou-Boko Romaric , Coti-Reckoundji Cathy Sandra Goimelle , Manirakiza Alexandre , Rahantamalala Anjanirina , Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa , Tejiokem Mathurin Cyrille , Schoenhals Matthieu
Published: March 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Madagascar, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic (CAR), with each experiencing multiple waves by mid-2022. This study aimed to evaluate immunity against SARS-CoV-2 strains Wuhan (W) and BA.2 (BA.2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in these countries, focusing on vaccination and natural infection effects. Methods: HCWs’ serum samples were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against W and BA.2 variants, with statistical analyses comparing responses between countries and vaccination statuses. Results: Madagascar showed significantly higher nAb titers against both strains compared to CAR and Cameroon. Vaccination notably increased nAb levels against W by 2.6-fold in CAR and 1.8-fold in Madagascar, and against BA.2 by 1.6-fold in Madagascar and 1.5-fold in CAR. However, in Cameroon, there was no significant difference in nAb levels between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex relationship between natural and vaccine-induced immunity, emphasizing the importance of assessing immunity in regions with varied epidemic experiences and low vaccination rates.
Microplastics in the Danube River and Its Main Tributaries—Ingestion by Freshwater Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Stanković Jelena , Milošević Djuradj , Paunović Momir , Jovanović Boris , Popović Nataša , Tomović Jelena , Atanacković Ana , Radulović Katarina , Lončarević Davor , Raković Maja
Published: March 2024

This study was carried out at the Danube River and its tributaries during the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4) expedition. Three freshwater benthic species were used to estimate the quantity of microplastics (MPs): Corbicula spp., Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Claparede, 1862), and Polypedilum nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804). Following the kick and sweep technique, individuals were sampled using a hand net or dredge. In order to estimate the number of MP particles/individual particles/g wet body mass, the body mass and total length of all specimens were measured. Alkaline (Corbicula spp. and L. hoffmaisteri) and enzymatic (P. nubeculosum) protocols were performed for tissue degradation. All samples were filtered through glass microfiber filters (mesh size 0.5 µm). The particles were photographed, measured, and counted. A total of 1904, 169, and 204 MPs were isolated from Corbicula spp., L. hoffmaisteri, and P. nubeculosum, respectively. To confirm the chemical composition of isolated MPs, a subsample of 46 particles of the fragmented particles from 14 sampling sites was analysed via µ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis. The particles were characterised as polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene–polyethylene copolymer (PP-PE), nylon (polyamide-PA) and cellophane, with the domination of PET.
The PCA-NDWI Urban Water Extraction Model Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Yang Jin , Wang Mingjia , Chen Jiaqi , Sun Ci , Song Nan , Wang Jinyu , Feng Shulong
Published: March 2024

Accurate extraction of water bodies is the basis of remote sensing monitoring of water environments. Due to the complex types of ground objects around urban water bodies, high spectral and spatial resolution are needed to achieve accurate extraction of water bodies. Addressing the limitation that most spectral index methods used for water body extraction are more suitable for open waters such as oceans and lakes, this study proposes a PCA-NDWI accurate extraction model for urban water bodies based on hyperspectral remote sensing, which combines Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Furthermore, aiming at the common water shadow problem in urban hyperspectral remote sensing images, the advantages of the PCA-NDWI model were further verified by experiments. By comparing the accuracy and F1-Measure of the PCA-NDWI, NDWI, HDWI, and K-means models, the results demonstrated that the PCA-NDWI model was better than the other tested methods. The accuracy and F1-Measure of the PCA-NDWI model water extraction data were 0.953 and 0.912, respectively, and the accuracy and F1-Measure of the PCA-NDWI model water shadow extraction data were 0.858 and 0.872, respectively. Therefore, the PCA-NDWI model can effectively separate shadows and the surrounding features of urban water bodies, accurately extract water body information, and has great application potential in water resources management.
An Ecology-Oriented Single–Multi-Objective Optimal Operation Modeling and Decision-Making Method in the Case of the Ganjiang River
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Mo Li , Lou Sijing , Zhu Yuxin , Liu Tong
Published: March 2024

Hydro power has provided significant economic benefits to society due to its cleanliness and convenience. As the number of hydropower stations has increased, many serious ecological issues have also emerged. This study uses Wan’an Reservoir as its research object and investigates single–multi-objective optimal operation and decision-making regarding reservoirs for ecology-oriented operation, to meet ecological water demand and seek the optimal operation schemes for energy generation and ecological benefits. The full-process research is conducted based on the “objective-modeling constraint optimization scheme decision-making” framework. The Mann–Kendall test and ordered clustering method were used to diagnose the hydrological variation in the basin. Based on this, a hierarchical and phased ecological flow process was derived. The objectives were defined according to the flow process, and optimal operation models were constructed. The differential evolution algorithm (DE) and improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) were used to solve the models. A non-fitting curve method was used to determine the approximate inflection point of the Pareto front curve, and the curve was fitted linearly according to the approximate inflection point to obtain the conversion formula between the objectives. Based on the coefficient of variation and Mahalanobis distance, a new multi-attribute decision-making method for reservoir operation, CV-ITOPSIS, was constructed by improving the traditional TOPSIS. The results show that: (1) There is a piecewise linear contradiction between energy generation and ecological objectives, and the contradiction intensifies with an increase in incoming water frequency. (2) Before the approximate inflection point, the head significantly influences the conversion rate from the energy generation to ecology, while the discharge flow is the major influencing factor after the inflection point. The inflection point and the formula for the piecewise straight line can reveal the conversion law between the two objectives. (3) CV-ITOPSIS considers the degree of differentiation of index data and fully considers the correlation between indicators while retaining the good evaluation performance of the traditional method. It recommends the optimal benefit scheme for a multi-objective non-inferior solution set. The research results provide a theoretical foundation and decision support for the optimal ecological operation of the Ganjiang River Basin.
Study on the Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Law of Taiyuan Formation Limestone Water under the Influence of Grouting with Fly Ash Cement: A Case Study in Gubei Coal Mine of Huainan, China
Authors: Xiao Guanhong , Lu Haifeng
Published: March 2024

The hydrogeological conditions of Huainan Coalfield are complex. The Taiyuan formation limestone water (Taihui water) in this area is a direct threat to the water source of the 1# coal mining floor. In order to prevent and control water disasters, Gubei Coal Mine adopted ground high-pressure grouting with fly ash cement to block the hydraulic connection between the Taiyuan formation limestone aquifer and the Ordovician limestone aquifer. However, the injected slurry will destroy the original hydrochemical balance of Taihui water and change its hydrochemical characteristics. Taking the influence area of the 2# karst collapse column in the Beiyi 1# coal mining area of Gubei Coal Mine as an example, a total of 25 Taihui water samples were collected. The hydrochemical characteristics and evolution law of Taihui water before and after grouting are studied via the multivariate statistical method. The research methods include constant index statistics, Piper diagram, correlation analysis, ion combination ratio, and saturation index analysis. The results show that after grouting, the concentrations of Na+ + K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− in Taihui water decrease, while the concentrations of SO42− and HCO3− increase. The average values of PH and TDS become larger. The hydrochemical types of Taihui water are more concentrated, mainly HCO3-Na and Cl-Na. The correlations between conventional indicators decrease. According to the analysis of ion combination ratio, dissolution, cation exchange, and pyrite oxidation mainly occur in Taihui water, and these effects are enhanced after grouting. The saturation index results show that after grouting, the saturation index of dolomite, calcite, and gypsum is significantly reduced, and the saturation index of rock salt is slightly increased. The conclusion of this study is that the hydrochemical characteristics of Taihui water are greatly affected by fly ash cement. Moreover, because fly ash cement contains a lower calcium oxide content than ordinary Portland cement, the effect of fly ash cement on the ion concentration of Taihui water and the resulting hydrogeochemical effect are significantly different. Therefore, in the treatment of mine water disasters, the hydrogeochemical evolution law affected by fly ash cement grouting should be identified.
Optimal Sizing of a Battery-Supported Electric Vehicle Charging Hub with a Limited-Capacity Grid Connection
Authors: Heath Edward , Wolbertus Rick , Heller Renée
Published: March 2024

The ever-increasing electrification of society has been a cause of utility grid issues in many regions around the world. With the increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the Netherlands, many new charge points (CPs) are required. A common installation practice of CPs is to group multiple CPs together on a single grid connection, the so-called charging hub. To further ensure EVs are adequately charged, various control strategies can be employed, or a stationary battery can be connected to this network. A pilot project in Amsterdam was used as a case study to validate the Python model developed in this study using the measured data. This paper presents an optimisation of the battery energy storage capacity and the grid connection capacity for such a P&R-based charging hub with various load profiles and various battery system costs. A variety of battery control strategies were simulated using both the optimal system sizing and the case study sizing. A recommendation for a control strategy is proposed.
Assessing the Nationwide Benefits of Vehicle–Grid Integration during Distribution Network Planning and Power System Dispatching
Authors: Rancilio Giuliano , Cortazzi Alessia , Viganò Giacomo , Bovera Filippo
Published: March 2024

The diffusion of electric vehicles is fundamental for transport sector decarbonization. However, a major concern about electric vehicles is their compatibility with power grids. Adopting a whole-power-system approach, this work presents a comprehensive analysis of the impacts and benefits of electric vehicles’ diffusion on a national power system, i.e., Italy. Demand and flexibility profiles are estimated with a detailed review of the literature on the topic, allowing us to put forward reliable charging profiles and the resulting flexibility, compatible with the Italian regulatory framework. Distribution network planning and power system dispatching are handled with dedicated models, while the uncertainty associated with EV charging behavior is managed with a Monte Carlo approach. The novelty of this study is considering a nationwide context, considering both transmission and distribution systems, and proposing a set of policies suitable for enabling flexibility provision. The results show that the power and energy demand created by the spread of EVs will have localized impacts on power and voltage limits of the distribution network, while the consequences for transmission grids and dispatching will be negligible. In 2030 scenarios, smart charging reduces grid elements’ violations (−23%, −100%), dispatching costs (−43%), and RES curtailment (−50%).
Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Middle East and Latin America
Authors: Melchor-Duran Irery L. , Villegas-Mateos Allan
Published: March 2024

This study aims to contribute to advancing the understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems, Latin American development, and the evolution and future perspectives of the Middle East. It used a cross-sectional research design and quantitative data with 750 observations from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, specifically the National Experts Survey and the Adult Population Survey. The results were analyzed by the Partial Least Squares Technique (PLS-SEM) by grouping countries into two balanced samples of underexplored regions: the Middle East and Latin America. The two regions, Latin America and the Middle East, have diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems; each condition impacts entrepreneurial activities in different ways. In Latin America, the most significant variable is “Physical Infrastructure”, while in the Middle East, the most significant determinants are “Commercial and Professional Infrastructure” and “Entrepreneurship Culture”. This study shows that to support entrepreneurial activities, each region requires different settings for their entrepreneurial ecosystems. It contributes to the literature on regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and to less explored regions to advance our understanding, which will drive better policies and actions.
Comparative analysis of LDF phase portraits in periodontal microcirculation among patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lisina M. A. , Borodulina I. I. , Chirsky V. S. , Vasilyeva L. V.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are among the most prevalent conditions affecting the oral cavity, often leading to tooth loss. Comorbid conditions, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), can significantly influence the health of periodontal tissues by altering microcirculatory dynamics.

Materials and methods. This study aimed to evaluate periodontal tissue health in patients with chronic periodon titis, both with and without DM2 comorbidity. Periodontal microcirculation was examined using the Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) technique, specifically with a LAKK-M device (Russia). A total of 106 patients were recruited and categorized into four groups based on their DM2 status and the severity of chronic periodontitis.

Results. The study revealed group-specific differences in periodontal microcirculation parameters, analyzed through nonlinear dynamics. Notably, patients with chronic periodontitis and comorbid DM2 exhibited the most significant alterations. A phase portrait analysis further delineated the microcirculation health disparities between groups.

Conclusion. There were marked differences in microcirculation health among chronic periodontitis patients with and without DM2 comorbidity, as evidenced by significant changes in the nonlinear dynamics-based phase portraits.
Ouroboros and/or Butterfly: A Book Review of The Rise and Fall of Dispensationalism by David Hummel
Authors: Hurley Jill
Published: March 2024

This article is a review of David Hummel’s The Rise and Fall of Dispensationalism, a book that questions whether the academic debate around dispensationalism is truly dead. By exploring through the lens of metaphorical theology, we look at how commercialization caused academic dispensationalism to self-cannibalize. Applying analysis to both the ouroboros and butterfly metaphors we can examine whether dispensationalism is dead or if there is a potential for a newer, stronger version of academic debate on the topic to resurface once again. Equally as plausible, is the notion that dispensationalism has changed its meaning through the metamorphosis process of changing from academic dispensationalism to pop-dispensationalism. By looking at the meaning change that occurs at the point of transaction, we see that the biography of dispensationalism shows a significant shift in meaning as it becomes a commercial hit.
Efecto de un fertilizante foliar en la producción de Lactuca sativa L
Authors: Sánchez González Marcos Antonio , Urundé Rojas Sofía Mabel , Ruiz Díaz Lovera Edith Diana María , Fleitas Quintana Celia Antonella , Fernández Sánchez Alcides , Britos Pedrozo Rosanna Maria
Published: March 2024

El empleo de fertilizantes orgánicos en la agricultura mejora la fertilidad del suelo, aumenta los rendimientos de los cultivos y promueve prácticas agrícolas sostenibles. En este sentido el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de fertilizante foliar en el desarrollo y rendimiento de dos variedades de Lactuca sativa L. (Grand Rapids TBR, Mimosa Salad Bowl). Se aplicó un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con un arreglo factorial 2x4. Siendo el Factor A dos variedades de lechuga, y el Factor B cuatro dosis de fertilizante foliar (0; 1; 2 y 3 lt. ha-1). Las determinaciones realizadas fueron longitud radicular, el número de hojas por planta, el peso fresco y seco por planta, longitud y diámetro de hoja, el rendimiento por hectárea y días de cosecha. La variedad Mimosa tuvo un rendimiento fresco mayor (5080,20 Kg/ha) en comparación con Grand Rapids (2064,53 Kg/ha). Al analizar las diferentes dosis de fertilizante de forma general, se observa que el rendimiento fresco disminuyó en la tercera dosis, con valores de 4349,86 Kg/ha, 3793,98 Kg/ha, 3444,11 Kg/ha y 2701,52 Kg/ha para las dosis 2, 3, 1 y 0 respectivamente. La variedad Mimosa mostró mejores resultados en número de hojas, masa fresca y seca, longitud radicular y rendimiento, siendo la dosis de fertilizante recomendada de 2 lt. ha-1.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. L DENGAN PENERAPAN PIJAT OKSITOSIN PADA MASA NIFAS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS CILAWU KABUPATEN GARUT TAHUN 2023
Authors: Amani Allya , Pascawati Riana
Published: March 2024

Masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak merupakan masalah yang perlu mendapat perhatian yang lebih karena mempunyai dampak yang besar terhadap bidang kesehatan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan memberikan Asuhan Komprehensif yang berkualitas kepada ibu. Asuhan komprehensif yang dilakukan bidan dapat membantu meningkatkan pelayanan asuhannya dengan pemberian asuhan komplementer yaitu pijat oksitosin agar dapat mempengaruhi produksi ASI dan involusi uteri pada masa nifas. Tujuan laporan ini adalah melakukan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif dengan penerapan pijat oksitosin pada masa nifas. Laporan ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan melakukan asuhan komprehensif kepada Ny. L dengan melakukan penerapan pijat oksitosin. Asuhan komprehensif dimulai sejak bulan Januari hingga bulan Maret 2023 dengan subjek asuhan seorang perempuan sejak usia kehamilan 38 minggu 3 hari sampai dengan masa nifas dan bayinya. Selama proses asuhan terdapat beberapa masalah pada masa kehamilan diantaranya waktu kunjungan kehamilan, IMT ibu yang kurus, ketidaksesuaian Tinggi Fundus Uteri dengan usia kehamilan, dan waktu pemeriksaan laboratorium. Asuhan yang diberikan adalah konseling mengenai nutrisi dan gizi. Asuhan persalinan terdapat laserasi derajat satu dan dilakukan penjahitan karena perdarahan aktif. Terdapat kesenjangan antara teori dengan pelaksanaan pada masa nifas yaitu pemberian antibiotik pada klien dengan robekan perineum derajat satu dan pemberian vitamin A. Asuhan bayi baru lahir tidak ditemukan masalah atau penyulit. Inovasi yang diberikan dalam asuhan komprehensif ini adalah penerapan pijat oksitosin pada masa nifas. Dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pijat oksitosin pada masa nifas dapat meningkatkan produksi dan kelancaran ASI serta menyebabkan involusi uteri ibu cepat dan normal.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. R DENGAN PENERAPAN REBOZO TEKNIK SHAKING THE APPLE TREE PADA KALA 1 FASE AKTIF DI PUSKESMAS SELAAWI
Authors: Nuryanti Wulan , Wisnu Wardani Sri
Published: March 2024

Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif merupakan asuhan yang diberikan kepada klien secara menyeluruh dan berkesinambungan. Asuhan kebidanan komprehensif bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi dan mengurangi ketidaknyamanan salah satunya pada fase persalinan. Hal ini dapat dikurangi dengan menerapkan rebozo teknik shaking the apple tree untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri pada proses persalinan. Tujuan laporan tugas akhir ini adalah melakukan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif dengan penerapan rebozo teknik shaking the apple tree pada kala 1 fase aktif persalinan. Metode yang digunakan pada penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini yaitu studi kasus yang dilakukan sejak bulan Januari hingga Maret 2023 di Puskesmas Selaawi. Pembuatan laporan tugas akhir ini melibatkan seorang ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 37 minggu sampai nifas 6 minggu dan bayinya. Pada asuhan komprehensif yang diberikan ditemukan masalah ibu mengalami ketidaknyamanan pada trimester 3 pada asuhan kehamilan yaitu sering BAK dan terdapat kekhawatiran untuk menghadapi rasa nyeri proses persalinan. Pada persalinan inovasi yang diberikan dalam asuhan komprehensif ini adalah penerapan rebozo teknik shaking the apple tree pada kala 1 fase aktif. Pada masa nifas terdapat kesenjangan pemberian antibiotik dan didapatkan masalah pola istirahat ibu yang kurang. Pada bayi tidak ditemukan keluhan apapun, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi sudah baik. Simpulan dari studi kasus ini bahwa penerapan teknik ini efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri pada persalinan. Pada asuhan kebidanan kompehensif ini masalah yang ada dapat diatasi dengan baik. Bidan sebaiknya melakukan asuhan komprehensif agar masalah dapat dideteksi secara dini dan ditangani dengan optimal.
Biomaterial-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Chen Fenglei , Yang Qian , Tang Qinglai , Xiao Zian , Tong Xinying , Zhang Ying , Lei Lanjie , Li Shisheng
Published: March 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is characterized by high specificity and efficiency, and has been applied to the treatment of human diseases, especially tumors involving multiple genetic modifications. However, the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 still faces some major challenges, the most urgent of which is the development of optimized delivery vectors. Biomaterials are currently the best choice for use in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vectors owing to their tunability, biocompatibility, and efficiency. As research on biomaterial vectors continues to progress, hope for the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for clinical oncology therapy builds. In this review, we first detail the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its potential applications in tumor therapy. Then, we introduce the different delivery forms and compare the physical, viral, and non-viral vectors. In addition, we analyze the characteristics of different types of biomaterial vectors. We further review recent research progress in the use of biomaterials as vectors for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery to treat specific tumors. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings and prospects of biomaterial-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems.
Intensified Positive Arctic–Methane Feedback under IPCC Climate Scenarios in the 21st Century
Authors: Wang Yihui , He Liyuan , Liu Jianzhao , Arndt Kyle A. , Mazza Rodrigues Jorge L. , Zona Donatella , Lipson David A. , Oechel Walter C. , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Wullschleger Stan D. , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2024

The positive Arctic–methane (CH
4
) feedback forms when more CH
4
is released from the Arctic tundra to warm the climate, further stimulating the Arctic to emit CH
4
. This study utilized the CLM-Microbe model to project CH
4
emissions across five distinct Arctic tundra ecosystems on the Alaska North Slope, considering three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios using climate data from three climate models from 2016 to 2100. Employing a hyper-resolution of 5 m × 5 m within 40,000 m
2
domains accounted for the Arctic tundra’s high spatial heterogeneity; three sites were near Utqiaġvik (US-Beo, US-Bes, and US-Brw), with one each in Atqasuk (US-Atq) and Ivotuk (US-Ivo). Simulated CH
4
emissions substantially increased by a factor of 5.3 to 7.5 under the SSP5–8.5 scenario compared to the SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios. The projected CH
4
emissions exhibited a stronger response to rising temperature under the SSP5–8.5 scenario than under the SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios, primarily due to strong temperature dependence and the enhanced precipitation-induced expansion of anoxic conditions that promoted methanogenesis. The CH
4
transport via ebullition and plant-mediated transport is projected to increase under all three SSP scenarios, and ebullition dominated CH
4
transport by 2100 across five sites. Projected CH
4
emissions varied in temperature sensitivity, with a Q
10
range of 2.7 to 60.9 under SSP1–2.6, 3.8 to 17.6 under SSP2–4.5, and 5.7 to 17.2 under SSP5–8.5. Compared with the other three sites, US-Atq and US-Ivo were estimated to have greater increases in CH
4
emissions due to warmer temperatures and higher precipitation. The fact that warmer sites and warmer climate scenarios had higher CH
4
emissions suggests an intensified positive Arctic–CH
4
feedback in the 21st century. Microbial physiology and substrate availability dominated the enhanced CH
4
production. The simulated intensified positive feedback underscores the urgent need for a more mechanistic understanding of CH
4
dynamics and the development of strategies to mitigate CH
4
across the Arctic.
An Insight into Halide Solid-State Electrolytes: Progress and Modification Strategies
Authors: Huang Lingjun , Zhang Ling , Bi Jiaying , Liu Tao , Zhang Yuanxing , Liu Chengcai , Cui Jingwen , Su Yuefeng , Wu Borong , Wu Feng
Published: March 2024

Tremendous studies have been engaged in exploring the application of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as it provides opportunities for next-generation batteries with excellent safety and high energy density. Among the existing SSEs, newly developed halide SSEs have become a hot spot owing to their high ionic conductivity up to 1 mS cm
−1
and their stability against high-voltage cathode. As a result, halide SSEs have been shown to be promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Here, we review the progress of halide SSEs and available modification strategies of halide SSE-based batteries. First, halide SSEs are divided into four different categories, including halide SSEs with divalent metal, trivalent metal, tetravalent metal, and non-metal central elements, to overview their progress in the studies of their ionic conductivity, crystal structure, conductive mechanism, and electrochemical properties. Then, based on their existing drawbacks, three sorts of modification strategies, classified as chemical doping, interfacial modification, and composite electrolytes, along with their impacts on halide SSE-based batteries, are summarized. Finally, some perspectives toward halide SSE research are put forward, which will help promote the development of halide SSE-based batteries.
Research Advances in the Giant Impact Hypothesis of Moon Formation
Authors: Zhou You , Bi Rongxi , Liu Yun
Published: March 2024

The Moon’s origin is a long-debated scientific question, and its unique characteristics have led to the widespread acceptance of the giant impact hypothesis as the dominant theory explaining how the Moon formed. According to the canonical impact model, an impactor about the size of Mars collided with Earth, leading to the formation of a debris disk primarily composed of material from the impactor, within which the Moon subsequently formed. However, the canonical impact model faces an important challenge in accounting for the remarkably similar isotopic anomalies across various isotope systems observed in both Earth and the Moon, referred to as the “isotope crisis”. To address this quandary, a range of new computational models depicting the giant impact has been proposed. Nevertheless, the inquiry into the Moon’s origin is still far from a conclusive resolution. Consequently, acquiring additional experimental and exploratory data becomes imperative. Furthermore, delving deeper into the limitations and mechanisms of numerical models is crucial, offering the potential for an enhanced understanding of Earth and Moon’s evolution. This paper provides an extensive evaluation of the primary computational models associated with the giant impact theory. It explores the advancements made in research related to this theory and analyzes its merits and limitations.
Robotic Arm Trajectory Tracking Using Image Processing and Kinematic Equations
Authors: Hamida El Naser Yusuf , Karayel Durmuş , Demirsoy Mert Süleyman , Sarıkaya Muhammed Salih , Peker Nur Yasin
Published: March 2024

This study presents a novel approach for scanning and obtaining object contours within a workspace using a camera and subsequently following these 2-D contours to another region with the assistance of an end effector. The process begins with the determination of boundary lines of object images through advanced image processing methodologies. Subsequently, a conversion from camera pixel coordinates to robot metric coordinates is performed to facilitate trajectory planning for the robotic arm. The trajectory of the robot arm, and consequently, the path followed by the end effector, is determined based on these metric coordinates. The article provides a detailed exposition of the methodology, including the mathematical background and experimental study, showcasing the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios. This research contributes to the advancement of robotic systems capable of precise trajectory tracking and manipulation tasks in diverse applications. This study involves an innovative approach that combines theoretical and practical methods, including object contour detection using image processing, conversion of pixel coordinates obtained from the camera to robot metric coordinates, robot kinematics, and programming steps.
Copper surface acts as good surface for biofilm attachment
Authors: Rajan R Srinivasa Sundara
Published: March 2024

The drinking water distribution system is a huge network of pipes that travel miles before reaching the household. The age of the pipe and the material affect the water quality. The water monitoring and testing parameters are limited to water quality and not pipe health. The pipe material highly impacts the biofilm formation. Copper is commonly used for its anti-microbial property, but also aids for the attachment of bacteria onto the surface. This study was aimed at analyzing the formation of biofilm on copper in a drinking water. Copper coupons were immersed in a drinking water system for a period of six months and analyzed for biofilm formation. Microbiological enumeration were done by Heterotopic plate count and found an average of 35 CFU/ml in water and 50 CFU/ml on the copper coupon. The average copper content in water was 0.01 mg/ml. SEM analysis revealed the formation of bacterial growth and found that cocci shaped bacteria were predominating on the surface of the coupons. The copper coupon serves as a surface for the attachment of bacteria and aids in the formation of biofilm.
X-chromosomale Hypophosphatämie (XLH): Ein Update zum interdisziplinären Management
Authors: Goischke Alexandra
Published: March 2024

Die X-chromosomal dominant vererbte Hypophosphatämie (XLH), auch bekannt als hypophosphatämische Rachitis, Phosphatdiabetes oder Vitamin-D resistente Rachitis, ist eine seltene Erkrankung des Knochenstoffwechsels. Sie zeichnet sich durch einen ausgeprägten Phosphat-Verlust über die Nieren aus, der zu einer Hypophosphatämie führt und somit den Namen erklärt. Mit einer Prävalenz von weniger als 1-9 / 100’000 gehört sie zu der Gruppe der «rare diseases».
Study of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of bacterioplankton in the Moldavian section of the Prut River
Authors: Jurminskaia Olga , Zubcov Elena , Negru Maria , Bagrin Nina , Ene Antoaneta
Published: March 2024

The paper presents the results of study of the Prut River heterotrophic bacterioplankton. The bi-disciplinary technique was used to assess its hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity, namely: microbiological research was carried out in parallel with hydrochemical investigation of the natural water samples and samples enriched with diesel fuel. The Moldovan-Romanian transboundary section of the Prut River includes various ecological zones, such as the Costești-Stanca Reservoir, the mouth of the Jijia River, the Prut floodplains with the relict Beleu Lake (where oil extraction is carried out despite the fact that it is a protected area of the scientific reserve "Prutul de Jos") and the Prut River mouth with the Giurgiulesti International Free Port. The microbial community of fluvial bacterioplankton corresponds to the specific conditions of each these biotopes, being the most reproducible and adaptable component of the biota. The results obtained in the study of the Prut River bacterioplankton demonstrate the presence of hydrocarbon-adapted microorganisms with a good potential to utilize petroleum products in their metabolic processes.
Local graph cut in the Image Segmenter app for breast ultrasound images segmentation
Authors: Anghelache Nastase Iulia-Nela , Moldovanu Simona , Moraru Luminita
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is among the most common cancers diagnosed in women globally. To help the breast cancer diagnosis, an important step is to accurately segment the breast lesion. To support clinicians in this important step, we analyze the performance of a semi-automated segmentation method based on the Local Graph Cut technique in the Image Segmenter application. Local graph cuts algorithm has the ability to segment more complicated shape by converting the image into a graph representation. It employs seed points set by the user and a cost function. The user identifies certain pixels as foreground and background. The region properties are identified from these pixels and they allow to specify the probability of a pixel belonging to the background or foreground. The graph cut formulation assigns each pixel to a node in the graph and incorrectly segmented pixels are re-assigned until the desired segmentation is completed. To evaluate the segmentation results, the Dice similarity coefficient and Fréchet distance were calculated between the ground truth images and the segmented images. Results show a Dice score of 0.7754 for malignant lesions and 0.8842 for benign lesions. The average Fréchet distance values were 303.28 for malignant and 290.80 for benign lesions, respectively. The experimental results show that the method achieves the best performance and gets the higher Dice score and Fréchet distance for breast benign lesions against malignant lesions.