bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Bilingual Learning Experience on Children’s Cognitive Development
Authors: Chen Yitong
Published: December 2023

Bilingual education is becoming more and more popular in China. The reasons behind this phenomenon are objective environmental factors, that is, the market demand for English talents is growing day by day. There should also be subjective individual factors, that is, bilingual learning has something to do with children’s own ability. However, the exploration of the impact of bilingual learning experiences on children’s cognitive development is not in-depth enough. This paper aims to discuss the findings of previous studies on bilingual learning experiences and children’s cognitive development. The core discovery demonstrates that bilingual learning experiences have beneficial influence on children’s cognitive ability development, including executive function and inhibitory control. The relation between bilingual learning experiences and children’s cognitive ability is positive. This paper has a reference value for future research on bilingual education experience and children’s cognitive development, and also has reference significance for parents who are considering their children’s education. Future researches should focus more on the relation between bilingual learning experiences and children’s cognitive development.
The Impact of Siblings on Executive Functioning and Theory of Mind in Children
Authors: Wang Xinyu
Published: December 2023

The impact of siblings on the executive functioning and theory of mind in children is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. Siblings have the potential to influence each other’s cognitive development through various forms of interaction, such as negotiation, cooperation, and conflicts. This paper summarizes the relationship between siblings, executive functioning, and theory of mind through reviewing previous research. It discusses whether siblings directly contribute to changes in executive functioning and theory of mind or if other factors, such as age difference and gender, play a role. This article discusses the importance of identifying the significant role of siblings in shaping executive functioning and theory of mind and provides an overview of research findings and potential influencing factors. By focusing on processes influenced by older siblings, this review article will provide a deeper understanding of how sibling interactions may impact younger children’s cognitive functioning. Future research should encompass different cultural backgrounds, socioeconomic statuses, and family structures to increase generalizability and can help to understand the contexts of the correlation between siblings and cognitive functioning.
Exploration on The Psychological Mechanism of Mindfulness Meditation
Authors: Fei Yinuo
Published: December 2023

With the accumulation of social understanding and practical experience of mindfulness meditation, mindfulness meditation has been accepted and applied by more people in practical life situations. Mindfulness meditation has become one of the important research topics today. Due to the current research focus being more on the correlation research and hypothesis description of influencing factors of mindfulness meditation, there is less empirical research on the mechanism exploration of mindfulness meditation. Further summarize the existing relevant research results and methods, and explore the psychological mechanisms of mindfulness meditation from its origins, concepts, and development, providing case and theoretical support for subsequent empirical research on mechanisms. A large number of researchers have found that mindfulness meditation has a positive regulatory effect on negative emotions in various contexts, and the concept of “mind” related to Buddhism and Zen in mindfulness meditation has similarities with the self-concept studied in Western psychology. Correctly understand the complexity of the development of mindfulness meditation, grasp core concepts in future empirical exploration and research on the psychological mechanisms of mindfulness meditation, and fully utilize new technologies to create more possibilities.
Analyzing the Effects of Second Language Acquisition on Children’s Cognitive Development
Authors: Lin Zihan
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of second language acquisition (SLA) on children’s cognitive development in recent years by reviewing the literature. In an increasingly globalized world, children are more intend to be exposed to a bilingual or even multilingual environment, and scholars have been paying more attention to the effects and trends of SLA on children’s cognitive development. The article selected related literature over the past decade to see the current views of the academia. Most scholars believe that SLA is beneficial to children’s cognitive development, promoting brain development, fostering multidimensional learning patterns, and improving memory and concentration. However, a few studies suggest that SLA may hinder children’s cognitive development. Based on this, the authors provide suggestions from three dimensions, namely, language environment, family and society, and culture, to better utilize the advantages of SLA for children’s cognitive development. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of the relationship between second language learning and cognitive development, and helps to better use the second language learning as a catalyst for cognitive development.
The Relationship between Paternal Rearing Styles and Pro-Social Behavior of Chinese Lower-Division Undergraduate Students: The Mediating Role of Empathy and Mental Capital
Authors: Chen Tianying
Published: December 2023

Research on the influencing mechanism between parenting styles and pro-social behavior still needs to be advanced. The purpose of the research is to examine how paternal rearing styles, empathy and psychological capital relate to the pro-social behaviors of Chinese lower-division undergraduate students. Four questionnaires were used to measure 488 Chinese lower-division undergraduate students. These were the Short-form Parenting Style Questionnaire in Chinese (S-EMBU-C), the Pro-Social Behavior Scale (Chinese version), The Interpersonal Response Pointer Scale (Chinese version), and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The results found that: (1) Correlations between paternal rearing styles and empathy, psychological capital, and pro-social behavior of Chinese lower-division undergraduate students; (2) The mediating role of empathy and psychological capital between active paternal rearing styles and pro-social behavior was not significant; (3) Empathy and psychological capital mediated significantly between negative paternal rearing styles and pro-social behavior. The study fills gaps in previous research and guides schools and families, making it theoretically and practically significant.
Employment pressure of Chinese college students and its alleviating strategies
Authors: Gao Zihan , Wang Qing
Published: December 2023

With the increasing competition in the society, the employment problem is one of the main pressures on the current college students. Employment pressure is one of the key research topics in today’s research. The increasing employment pressure of college students has brought negative impact on their heart health. This kind of pressure for a long time can lead to serious conditions such as insomnia, anxiety, depression and even suicide, which is not conducive to the development of college students’ physical and mental health, so it is very important to alleviate college students’ employment pressure. This paper analyzes the causes of college students’ employment stress, and also studies and analyzes the intervention programs and mitigation strategies for college students to cope with employment stress at the social, school and individual levels, and explores the relationship between college students’ employment stress, their coping styles and their mental health. The purpose of this paper is to understand the negative impacts of employment pressure on college students, and comprehensively put forward measures to alleviate employment pressure, analyze the implementation effect of these measures, and organize and summarize the strategies that are conducive to alleviating employment pressure on college students. The results of this study provide certain reference significance for alleviating the employment pressure of college students.
The Psychological Status of Contemporary Korean Young People and the Influencing Factors
Authors: Li Xuan
Published: December 2023

With the continuous development of society, people’s living standards and quality are constantly improving. However, there are also many problems that come with it, such as excessive pressure on teenagers and increasingly fierce social competition. South Korea can be regarded as a typical country with these problems. In fact, these problems exist globally. As a new generation, this is a very good opportunity for people to understand the physical and mental conditions of teenagers in other countries, and to explore in more detail the causes behind social phenomena. It can also help people better solve and deal with these problems. The research mainly focuses on exploring the psychological conditions of young people in South Korea and some of the factors that influence them. It mainly summarizes and summarizes some of the research results of previous scholars, and combines the phenomena in people’s own lives for understanding and analysis. The psychological condition of young people in South Korea is mainly reflected in social loneliness, low happiness index, excessive pressure, and social conformity. Many factors in society have led to these problems, typical of which include educational pressure, dependence on electronic products, and troubles brought about by the pandemic. In addition to psychological problems, there are also many advanced cognitive changes. For example, under the influence of the Korean Wave culture, the public has a diversified understanding of gender cognition.
The Impact of Disney Princess Animation on Contemporary Girls
Authors: Huang Xihui
Published: December 2023

The image of Disney princesses has changed in people’s minds over the years, with more female characters becoming confident and courageous rather than relying on the sidekicks as they once did. Therefore, this article will conduct interviews to examine whether Disney Princess movies have subtly changed the thoughts and behaviours of contemporary Chinese girls. Interviews will be conducted with five girls between the ages of 16 and 24 via both online and offline platforms and concluded that young girls were influenced by recent Disney movies the most rather than previous ones with respect to romantic relationships, values, and thoughts on patriarchy. The author also discusses the impact on them, suggesting that there are innate as well as acquired social factors involved. With education and exposure to cultural diversity, women reflecting on the Disney movies they have watched in the past have gained a new understanding of the above topics.
X link color blind: A systematic review of congenital color vision deficiency cognitively and neurologically
Authors: Cai Zeyu
Published: December 2023

Color vision deficiency (CVD) can affect people’s perception and limits what job they takes. In order to distinguish colors, different cones differ in spectral sensitivity to capture photons. Several genes (OPN1LW, OPN1MW, ATF6, CNGA3, CNGB3, GNAT2, PDE6H, and PDE6C) are responsible for color vision deficiency. Mutation in these genes can cause deficiency in cones, which will result in reduction in color vision sensitivity. Gene therapy that target these genes showed prominent results in augmenting color vision, yet such methods remain in development and not widely used as treatment. CIE diagram shows the gamut difference in color vision deficiency individuals, and predicts how would the world looks to them. According to reduction theory, the CVD patient would be biased toward the color based on their intact gamut. Compensation glasses showed improved performance in Ishihara’s test, however, other measuring method was not used, furthermore, it is effectiveness on other types of color blind remain unknown. Due to the effective recovery of gene therapy and compensation glasses, further study on such methods is recommended for better recovery in CVD patients.
Causes and prevention methods of antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Fang Yijing
Published: December 2023

The study of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is essential to recognize the psychological and behavioral causes of a portion of perpetrators. This study simply reviews past research on ASPD. Summarizes the causes of ASPD, treatment, shortcomings of existing research, and suggestions for future research. The literature review describes the possible causes of antisocial personality disorder from internal factors (genetic and familial factors) and external factors (family and childhood experiences). To be specific, the influence of family and genes on ASPD is discussed in this paper. In addition, external influences addressed in this paper include childhood experiences and the influence of family members’ behaviors. In the discussion section, some methods for the prevention and treatment of ASPD are given, and some shortcomings of existing research are pointed out. Finally, some suggestions for future research are put forward. This review paper aims to help more people understand ASPD and pay more attention to these people with mental illness.
Explore the relationship between middle school teachers’ self-efficacy and collaborative lesson planning through a questionnaire method
Authors: Liu Fangyu
Published: December 2023

In Chinese schools, teachers usually gather together to prepare lessons and discuss teaching goals, methods, progress, and so on, in order to achieve better teaching results. This is called “Collective Lesson Preparation”, abbreviated as CLP. Several researchers have studied the relationship between self-efficacy and various teaching practices, yet less attention has been given to the specific relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and CLP. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between CLP and self-efficacy by designing and distributing questionnaires and conducting Pearson correlation analysis on the questionnaire data. Research has found that there is a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.296, p=0.000) between middle school teachers’ involvement in CLP and their self-efficacy. Specifically, out of the seven dimensions of CLP, only CLP topic and content showed no significant correlation, while the other 5 dimensions, CLP environment, team, process, guidance, and mechanism, all have an extremely significant positive correlation with self-efficacy. This indicates that when middle school teachers participate in CLP, the environment, team, process, leadership, and mechanism of CLP are all correlated with their high self-efficacy. In the future, schools and teachers can focus on improving the CLP method, which may not only enhance teaching effectiveness but also improve teachers’ self-efficacy.
The connotation and influencing factors of student leadership
Authors: Wang Pu
Published: December 2023

Student leadership refers to a series of related abilities that students have or need to acquire in leadership roles or non-leadership roles, which includes both self-leadership and team leadership. In the present-day society, student leadership education is a subject of great significance, which is related to the personal development of students and the progress of society. This study discusses the connotation, influencing factors and cultivation strategies of student leadership from the perspective of student leadership education. Through the method of literature review, this paper synthesizes a variety of leadership theories, analyzes the main factors affecting the formation and development of student leadership, including school education, personality traits, family upbringing, and age, and so on, and proposes corresponding cultivation strategies, including classroom teaching, extracurricular activities, and social practice. This article argues that student leadership is a multidimensional composite ability, including self-knowledge, self-management, self-motivation, communication and collaboration, innovative problem-solving, service to others, and so on, which are interrelated and mutually reinforcing, constituting a complete ability system. This article has shown that through an in-depth discussion of student leadership, it can contribute to improving the quality of students, cultivating future social elites and promoting social progress.
Psychological Mechanism and Countermeasures of High School Students’ Deviation from Subjects—Research Based on Goal Orientation Theory
Authors: Song Yuefan , Xu Guoqin
Published: December 2023

The issue of students’ subject bias has attracted widespread attention in high school teaching. Currently, researchers have conducted in-depth research on the reasons for students’ subject bias, but there is still little analysis from the perspective of student goal orientation. Therefore, this study adopts the inductive method to study the literature related to goal orientation theory, an analysis was conducted on the relationship between student goal orientation and subject bias based on various academic theories. Research finds that different environmental and psychological factors can affect students’ choices of internal and external driving forces, thereby affecting their goal choices, while tasks of different difficulty can also affect students’ tendency to avoid. Ultimately, students’ goal orientation choices will affect learning outcomes. In high school teaching, educators should pay attention to guiding students towards goal orientation, designing learning difficulties based on students’ learning abilities, in order to achieve good teaching results.
The effects of academic self-efficacy on the academic achievement of Chinese and foreign university students
Authors: Cheng Hui
Published: December 2023

With the growing trend of internationalisation in global higher education, studying abroad has become more frequent. Due to factors such as different cultural backgrounds and living habits, foreign and native students have differences in adaptation to academic life and face various psychological challenges. The objective of this research is to systematically review the existing literature and examine the impact of academic self-efficacy on the academic achievement of both native Chinese students and foreign native students in higher education, with a focus on the perspective of educational psychology. To explore practical solutions to help Chinese international students improve their academic self-efficacy, which can influence their pursuit of higher academic performance. To better understand the influence of the educational environment and cultural elements on this association, the present study undertakes a comparative analysis of the correlation between students’ academic self-efficacy and academic performance across different countries and cultural contexts. The results of this study will enable Chinese international students to grow better in the future global higher education environment, promote sustainable education development, and foster cross-cultural understanding and cooperation.
‘Varieties of green transitions’? Comparative welfare state research and the social dimension of green transitions
Authors: Zimmermann Katharina
Published: December 2023

In the light of the climate crisis, ‘green transitions’ are inevitable to address the environmental harm caused by fossil capitalism. The article argues that the pathway of such green transitions is closely interrelated with welfare setups, as the answer to the questions ‘who wins, who loses; who supports, who opposes the green transition—and why?’ is strongly dependent on the welfare setup of a given economy. The welfare state not only stabilises the economy, prevents deprivation and balances class interests, it also structures interest constellations, material living conditions, and cultural lifestyles. Hence, which ‘green social risks’ need to be addressed, which social groups will seek to have a voice in a green transition, which transition routes are seen as legitimate, and which societal cleavages emerge around the transition—all these factors are shaped by the welfare setup of a country. Drawing on comparative welfare state theory, the article provides an analytical starting point for considering country-specific factors of green transitions and thus, outlines the potential of this political science research strand for debates on eco-social policy, politics, and polity.
Exciton and vibrational dynamics of MAu24(SR)18 (M=Pd, Pt) nanoclusters
Authors: Wu Yanzhen , Liu Xu , Kong Jie , Zhang Wei , Zhu Yan , Zhou Meng
Published: December 2023

The optical properties of doped metal nanoclusters (NCs) have stimulated great research interests because of their applications in biosensing and photocatalysis. The photoluminescence and excited state dynamics of MAu24(SR)18 are complicated and the detailed mechanism has not been fully understood. Here, we investigate the exciton and vibrational dynamics of two doped NCs MAu24(SR)18 (M=Pd, Pt; SR stands for phenylethanethiolate) by ultrafast spectroscopy. In contrast to the parent Au25(SR)18 NCs, Pd and Pt doping significantly reduce the exciton lifetime by several orders of magnitude. We find that the ultrashort exciton lifetimes of PtAu24 (5 ps) and PdAu24 (30 ps) are ascribed to the ultrasmall energy gap (Eg=0.3 eV). In both two doped NCs, we observe significant coherent vibrations (2.4 THz) that arise from the metal core, which indicates these oscillations can survive regardless of the short exciton lifetime. Unravelling the effect of foreign atom doping on the exciton and vibrational dynamics of metal NCs will provide new insight into their optical properties and help designing these molecular-like nanostructures for specific applications.
Palm-sized, vibration-insensitive, and vacuum-free all-fiber-photonic module for 10−14-level stabilization of CW lasers and frequency combs
Authors: Jeon Igju , Ahn Changmin , Kim Chankyu , Park Seongmin , Jeon Wonju , Duan Lingze , Kim Jungwon
Published: December 2023

Compact and robust frequency-stabilized laser sources are critical for a variety of fields that require stable frequency standards, including field spectroscopy, radio astronomy, microwave generation, and geophysical monitoring. In this work, we applied a simple and compact fiber ring-resonator configuration that can stabilize both a continuous-wave laser and a self-referenced optical frequency comb to a vibration-insensitive optical fiber delay-line. We could achieve a thermal-noise-limited frequency noise level in the 10 Hz–1 kHz offset frequency range for both the continuous-wave laser and the optical frequency comb with the minimal frequency instability of 2.7 × 10−14 at 0.03-s and 2.6 × 10−14 at 0.01-s averaging time, respectively, under non-vacuum conditions. The optical fiber spool, working as a delay reference, is designed to be insensitive to external vibrations, with a vibration sensitivity of sub-10−10 (1/g) and a volume of 32 ml. Finally, the ring-resonator setup is packaged in a palm-sized aluminum case with 171-ml volume with a vibration-insensitive spool, as well as an even smaller 97-ml-volume case with an ultracompact 9-ml miniaturized fiber spool.
Studying the spatial flow characteristics of droplets induced by ultrasonic tooth-cleaning machines
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhao Jin , Yang Wei , Yu Xiaoyan , He Junjie , Shu Haiyin , Zhu Xiankun
Published: December 2023

The use of an ultrasonic scaler in the dental diagnosis and treatment process can produce a large number of droplets due to splashing, which can be transformed into droplet nuclei in the form of aerosols suspended in the air of the clinic, and droplets and aerosols may carry pathogenic microorganisms that pose a great threat to the health of clinical staff and patients. This paper takes a dental clinic as the research object and adopts experimental and numerical simulation methods to study the splashing droplet flow during ultrasonic dental cleaning surgery. It explored the similarities and differences in the spatial flow characteristics of droplets caused by different operation modes in the ultrasonic dental cleaning process. The results showed that the large droplets (particle size >100 μm) caused by the ultrasonic dental cleaning machine could be spread to the dangerous range of the patient's surroundings at 2.5 m. The droplets could be spattered to the patient's oral cavity at 1.5 m above the room, and the room was contaminated with a space of 17.5 m3. The droplets were concentrated, and the smaller droplets particles were more concentrated in the 0.75 m of the patient's oral cavity. The concentration of the small droplet particles (particle size 1–100 μm) of the splash height can be up to the clinic's ceiling in the air for a long time, and the contamination range can be expanded to the entire clinic. This study will provide strong guidance for developing microbial adsorption and elimination equipment for dental clinics and formulating new prevention and control opinions for dental clinics.
Evidences of thermoelectrically driven unidirectional magnetoresistance from a single Weyl ferromagnet Co2MnGa
Authors: Rong Bin , Ren Lizhu , Liu Yizhe , Sun Bo , Chen Jiaxin , Teo Kie Leong , Liu Liang , Yang Yumeng
Published: December 2023

Weyl ferromagnets, with large anomalous Hall (and Nernst) effects, are an ideal playground to study unconventional transport phenomena. Here, we report a sizable unidirectional magnetoresistance with a ratio of up to 7.73 × 10−5 per current density of 1 MA cm−2 in single-layer epitaxial Co2MnGa films. Surprisingly, the nonlinear signal has an isotropic crystallographic axis dependence and scales almost linearly with the film thickness. Both features cannot be explained by the spin transport from an intrinsic band structure, but rather agree with the current induced transverse thermoelectric effect. By employing a 1D heat transfer model to account for the temperature gradient, we derived an analytical expression of this thermoelectrically driven unidirectional magnetoresistance, from which a upper bound of transverse thermopower Sxy = 3.70 ± 1.10 µV K−1 can be obtained. Our work provides direct evidences of thermoelectric voltages in the nonlinear transport signals that may be extended to other material systems as well.
Experimental investigation of a grid plasma jet array in a turbulent boundary layer for skin-friction drag reduction
Authors: Zong H. , Wu Y. , Su Z. , Liang H. , Fang Z.
Published: December 2023

Toward turbulent skin-friction drag reduction, a novel layout of plasma actuator with a grid anode is devised (grid edge length: L), capable of producing an array of wall-normal plasma jets. The characteristics of this plasma jet array and its interaction with a turbulent boundary layer are investigated experimentally with a particle imaging velocimetry. Results show that the quiescent flow field of the plasma actuator is dominated by a standing vortex ring attached at the inner sides of the square grid, a wall-normal jet flow issued from the grid center, and a downwash flow between adjacent grids. When a tandem array of 11 plasma jets are issued into the cross flow, an equilibrium stage is reached after the third jet. In this stage, the main body of the wall-normal jet bends noticeably to the cross flow, and its leeward side hosts a reverse flow zone, extending downstream to form a slender low-speed wedge (LSW). Two vortical structures are prominent: the streamwise counter-rotating vortex pair residing in the two sides of the jet body, and the arch-shape negative spanwise vortex situated on the LSW root. In the grid-middle plane, the production of turbulence is enhanced across the entire boundary layer, and a second production peak is identified at y+=26. Reduction of the spanwise-averaged wall shear stress is achieved downstream of plasma actuation at x/L≥19.4, and part of the drag reduction fruit earned by ejection is offset by the spanwise transportation of high-velocity fluids toward the middle plane.
ASTM and ISO standards in U.S. legal language services
Authors: Mellinger Christopher D. , Salazar Teresa C. , Benavides Aimee K.
Published: December 2023

In the United States, legal language services are shaped by both de jure and de
facto standards, which encompass not only the professional profile of court interpreters but also the provision of
legal translation and interpreting services. This article investigates the potential influence of ASTM and ISO standards on
current language services implementations in U.S. court settings in light of the current configuration of de jure
and de facto standards. Specific emphasis is placed on the utility of consensus-based standards such as ASTM and
ISO due to the unique configuration of language services, particularly given procurement and bidding practices, which complicate
the current legal T&I landscape. Possible avenues for integration of ASTM and ISO standards are explored in light of
infrastructure-specific as well as translator- and interpreter-specific requirements. The article concludes with a discussion of
the compatibility of standards with current practices in the U.S. legal T&I sector.
Terminology standards and their relevance for legal interpreters and translators
Authors: Chiocchetti Elena , Lušicky Vesna , Wissik Tanja
Published: December 2023

Legal interpreters and translators (LITs) play a crucial role in ensuring equitable treatment within the EU and
facilitating international mobility. These professionals actively engage in terminology work, similar to other translators and
interpreters. This exploratory study examines the degree of familiarity LITs have with terminology principles and standards, based
on an online survey conducted among LIT associations in Austria and Italy. A significant portion of respondents reported engaging
in terminology work, underlining its professional relevance. The prevalent usage of traditional tools like word processors and
paper is evident, whereas the adoption of advanced systems remains limited. Despite more than half of the participants
demonstrating awareness of terminology standards, access to specific standards was infrequent. A considerable number of
respondents did not perceive terminology standards as essential for their practical undertakings. Only a minority were familiar
with either national or ISO terminology standards. The study uncovered a lack of comprehensive understanding and implementation of
terminology management principles. While terminology remains indispensable for LITs, its effective management is often overlooked.
It is crucial to improve the dissemination of information and encourage collaborative efforts with relevant organizations to
enhance awareness and foster proficient utilization of terminology.
形容词并列短语对其关联词的选择
Authors: Wu Chenyan , Cheung Lawrence Yam-Leung
Published: December 2023

抽象的

汉语形容词并列短语中可用的关联词有很多，如“而”“又”“和”“又…又…”等等，讲话人何时且为何选择某种关联词就成了一大问题。本研究意在总结限制关联词选择的相关因素，并分析它们的影响力大小。基于900条取自北京大学语料库的相关语料，本文选定前人提出的7个限制因素为自变量，6个最常用的关联词为因变量，建立多项式逻辑回归模型，发现形容词并列短语对于关联词的选择是多因素共同作用的结果，总结出了6个限制关联词选择的自变量，按次序分别是：句法位置、音节数量、语义关系、修饰成分、语体、并列项数量，其中“句法位置”和“音节数量”的作用最大。
Covid-19 and public debate over gain-of-function research on
potentially pandemic pathogens
Authors: Mitchell Gordon R.
Published: December 2023

Controversial “gain-of-function” research (GoFR) aims to improve
understanding of human health by studying behavior of genetically altered
viruses in laboratory experiments. GoFR proponents tout its potential to support
public health disease surveillance, drug development and vaccine innovation,
while skeptics warn that unplanned laboratory release of genetically altered
pathogens could harm millions in pandemics caused by science. Public interest in
GoFR grew during the Covid-19 pandemic, as theories circulated that SARS-CoV-2
was the result of GoFR conducted at China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Analysis of a 2015 public debate on GoFR research, reconstructed according to
pragma-dialectical argumentation theory, sheds light on the increasingly salient
scientific controversy and contributes to the growing literature on
argumentation and health.
Generalized adaptive singular spectrum decomposition and its application in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under varying speed
Authors: Pang Bin , Li Pu , Zhao Yanjie , Sun Zhenduo , Hao Ziyang , Xu Zhenli
Published: December 2023

Rotating machinery fault signals often consist of multiple components with time varying frequencies under variable speed conditions. Spectral overlap exists among these components, making it difficult to independently separate the features of the components. Singular spectrum decomposition (SSD), a singular spectrum analysis-based signal decomposition method, has shown its great potential in suppressing background noise and extracting fault-related components in complex background noise environments. However, SSD is a frequency domain decomposition method with equivalent filtering characteristics, and it is susceptible to the mode mixing when processing signals with spectral overlap. Moreover, the choice of a key parameter in the iteration decomposition process of SSD, the embedding dimension, is determined using an empirical formula, which might cause suboptimal decomposition outcomes. To address these issues, this paper proposes a generalized adaptive singular spectrum decomposition (GASSD) method, which combines generalized demodulation with improved embedding dimension selection for SSD. GASSD incorporates SSD into the framework of adaptive generalized demodulation to separate specific frequency domain features. Firstly, for an effective generalized demodulation analysis, a region block synchronous ridge extraction method is proposed to accurately estimate the instantaneous frequency ridges from the time-frequency plane, which helps construct proper demodulation phase functions. Secondly, to achieve optimal analysis of SSD, a Gini moderation decomposition index is designed to improve the construction of the trajectory matrix by determining an appropriate embedding dimension. Finally, the reliability of the proposed method is demonstrated by analyzing wind turbine generator bearing fault signals and rotor rubbing fault signals.
Plasmonic switches based on VO2 as the phase change material
Authors: Dalal Kirti , Sharma Yashna
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the design and development of plasmonic switches based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented. Plasmonic switches are employed in applications such as integrated photonics, plasmonic logic circuits and computing networks for light routing and switching, and are based on the switching of the plasmonic properties under the effect of an external stimulus. In the last few decades, plasmonic switches have seen a significant growth because of their ultra-fast switching speed, wide spectral tunability, ultra-compact size, and low losses. In this review, first, the mechanism of the semiconductor to metal phase transition in VO2 is discussed and the reasons for employing VO2 over other phase change materials for plasmonic switching are described. Subsequently, an exhaustive review and comparison of the current state-of-the-art plasmonic switches based on VO2 proposed in the last decade is carried out. As the phase transition in VO2 can be activated by application of temperature, voltage or optical light pulses, this review paper has been categorized into thermally-activated, electrically-activated, and optically-activated plasmonic switches based on VO2 operating in the visible, near-infrared, infrared and terahertz frequency regions.
Graphene nanoribbon woven fabric against the impact of a cylindrical projectile
Authors: Li Yaomin , Tian Hong , Yang Xing , Zhang Bin
Published: December 2023

Graphene nanoribbon woven fabrics (GNWFs) with excellent mechanical properties are promising for ballistic armor materials. The dynamic response of single-layer and bilayer GNWFs under nano-projectile impact at high-speed (4–5 km s−1) is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the woven structure is determined by the bandwidth and gap spacing, which influences the deformation/fracture and motion coupling effects of the crossed nanoribbons and the ballistic performance of GNWF. Owing to the perturbation of the van der Waals (vdW) interface between nanoribbons, the specific penetration energy of GNWFs reaches 16.02 MJ kg−1, which is much higher than that of single-layer graphene (10.80 MJ kg−1) and bilayer graphene (10.07 MJ kg−1). The peculiarities of woven structure minimize the damage of GNWFs, on the one hand, the reversibility of vdW interactions and the entanglement of nanoribbons provide GNWFs a certain self-healing ability. On the other hand, the porous nanostructure of twist-stacked bilayer GNWFs tends to be uniform and dense with the twist angle, which improves the impact resistance. This study provides more understanding of the ballistic properties of GNWFs and the design of nano-fabrics based on two-dimensional materials.
High energy storage of PbZrO3 antiferroelectric thin films via constructing phase composition
Authors: Zheng M M , Liu A D , Wang S Q , Chen J Y , Yang F , Liu T X , Wu S J , Lin L , Hu Y C , Shang J , Yin S Q , Wang X W
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we fabricated PbZrO3 (PZ) thin films by the way of sol–gel spin on LaNiO3 buffered SiO2/Si substrates, and annealed them at different given temperatures by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). By controlling annealing temperature, PZ thin films showed different microstructures and phase compositions, whose impact of electrical properties and energy storage performance were researched. According to the research findings, the phase composition of film presents a general rule with the decrease of annealing temperature: PZ thin films crystallize into perovskite phase, pyrochlore phase, and amorphous phase. The films annealed at 620 °C crystallized into a state of coexistence of pyrochlore phase and perovskite phases, which also show moderate recoverable energy density and the highest energy storage efficiency (8.7 J cm−3 and 93.1%). This energy storage performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of high electric breakdown strength of dense pyrochlore phase structure and high maximum polarization of perovskite phase. The findings of this paper help to explain the influence of pyrochlore phase on the energy storge performance of thin films. Thus, it is useful way to improve the energy storage performance of thin films.
Analysis of fusion reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei on medium and heavy mass targets
Authors: Rani Neha , Singh Monika , Singh Pardeep , Kumar Rajiv , Kharab Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Fusion cross section for reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei 6He, 6,7Li 9,11Be and 10B on targets lying in the mass region 64 ≤ A ≤ 238 have been investigated at around Coulomb barrier energies within the coupled channel formalism. Specifically, the effects of coupling to low-lying excited states of reactants and those arises due to the breakup of projectile have been studied by using Broglia and Winther (BW91), Aage Winther (AW95) and fitted potential (FP) parameterization schemes. Among these the FP scheme is found to be most appropriate in the description of fusion excitation functions of various projectile-target combination. Further, it is observed that in the sub barrier energy region there is an enhancement in the fusion cross section due to coupling to excited states while there occurs fusion suppression at above barrier energies because of the breakup of the projectile.
Chromium activated Ca9Al (PO4)7 nanophosphors: synthesis, morphology and dosimetry characteristics
Authors: Alawsh Sufyan A , Qaid Saif M H , Alkadi Muath , Asemi Nassar N , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali
Published: December 2023

In this article, a sol–gel route was employed to prepare nanophosphor materials including Ca9−x CrxAl (PO4)7 series (where 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (mol%)). All subseries were irradiated to a γ- test dose of 5 Gy and the thermoluminescence (TL) response of Cr-activated (0.1 mol%) Ca9Al (PO4)7 sample has the best TL response and was chosen for investigations. The phase, particle size, surface morphology, and elemental mapping of the chosen sample Cr0.1 in comparison with other ones (Cr0.05 and Cr0.5) were scrutinized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), SEM-EDX mapping, and XPS techniques. XRD profiles showed that all diffraction peaks assigned to the trigonal R 3 c space group and the average of particle sizes obtained by the modified Scherer method and TEM data are closely related. The presence of Cr3+ ions in the Ca9Al (PO4)7 lattice was assured by XPS spectra. Cr0.1 chosen sample was studied after irradiation to different γ-doses and displayed a prominent glow curve at 205 °C ± 3.97 °C. It showed a linear dose–response curve from 200 mGy up to 10 Gy with fading of 24% upon 24 h and almost no significant signal loss for further interval times. The average Zeff value was ∼11 at both 662 and 1250 keV energies making this sample a bone-equivalent material (11.3–11.8). Values of activation energies (eV) calculated by different methods were comparable. Results the dosimetric properties of that the Cr0.1 sample can be surely considered as an additional recommended detector as other available ones in marketing.
Reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in a magnetic field: The energy-momentum balance including the velocity field of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions
Authors: Koizumi Hiroyasu
Published: December 2023

The velocity field composed of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions and electromagnetic vector potential explains the energy-momentum balance during the reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. In this formalism, forces acting on electrons are the Lorentz force and force expressed as the gradient of the kinetic energy. In the stationary situation, they balance; however, an infinitesimal imbalance of them causes a phase boundary shift. In order to explain the energy balance during this phase boundary shift, the electromotive force of the Faraday’s magnetic induction type is considered for the Berry connection. This theory assumes that supercurrent exists as a collection of stable quantized loop currents, and the transition from the superconducting to normal phase is due to the loss of their stabilizations through the thermal fluctuation of the winding numbers of the loop currents. We argue that an abrupt change of loop current states with integral quantum numbers should be treated as a quantum transition; then, the direct conversion of the quantized loop currents to the magnetic field occurs; consequently, the Joule heat generation does not occur during the phase transition.
Reference frames and black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Fiorini Franco , González P.A. , Vásquez Yerko
Published: December 2023

In the context of the absolute parallelism formulation of General Relativity, and because of the fact that the scalar curvature can be written in purely torsional terms, it was known for a long time that a surface term based solely on the torsion tensor appears in the action. It was subsequently suggested that this term might play the role of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term which, in turn, is associated to the free energy in the path integral approach, and then, to the black hole entropy by standard thermodynamic arguments. We show that the identification of the two boundary terms is rather incomplete, and that it strongly depends on the choice of the tetrad (frame) field used to reproduce a given metric. By considering variations of the tetrad field not necessarily subjected to Dirichlet-like conditions on the boundary surface, we find a class of frames adapted to the Schwarzschild spacetime in which the Gibbons-Hawking-York/torsion link is actually established, and conducing to the right black hole entropy without the need of any background subtraction. Remarkably, these frames are also responsible for the correct value of the gravitational energy as computed from the teleparallel energy-momentum pseudo-current.
Progress towards edge-localized mode suppression via magnetic perturbations in hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Leuthold N. , Suttrop W. , Paz-Soldan C. , Dunne M.G. , Fischer R. , Hinson E. , Knolker M. , Laggner F. , Logan N.C. , Osborne T. , Orlov D. , Schmitz L. , Shafer M. , Willensdorfer M. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: December 2023

The suppression of edge-localized modes (ELMs) by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) is well studied in low collisionality deuterium plasmas as a measure to reduce transient divertor heat loads. However, ELM suppression has yet to be demonstrated in non-nuclear fuels such as hydrogen and hydrogen + helium mixtures which are the main ion species to be used in the ITER pre-fusion power operation (PFPO) phase. For the first time, attempts have been made to access ELM suppression with RMPs in ITER-like low collisionality hydrogen plasmas at DIII-D and ASDEX Upgrade. The DIII-D experiments focused on operation with injected power slightly above the L–H power threshold similar to the expected conditions in the ITER PFPO phase with limited external heating power. The RMPs were found to trigger H–L backtransitions, which is shown to be avoided by reducing the L–H power threshold by diluting the plasma with helium. The additional helium combined with a larger measured neutral density of hydrogen inside the separatrix compared to ELM suppressed deuterium plasmas precluded access to a pedestal top density below the known RMP-ELM suppression threshold. At ASDEX Upgrade, RMP-ELM suppression has been achieved when the concentration of 1H in the hydrogen isotope mix is below

40
%

. While all known access criteria for RMP-ELM suppression were met above this threshold, full ELM suppression was replaced by strong mitigation. The most prominent difference between the hydrogen and deuterium plasmas was a change of turbulence characteristics in the pedestal where Doppler reflectometry measurements suggest a significant reduction of turbulence even at small hydrogen concentrations. In conclusion, these experiments not only identify issues that may prevent access to RMP-ELM suppression in the ITER PFPO phase, but also highlight missing physics in our current understanding of RMP-ELM suppression such as potentially the role of turbulence in the pedestal gradient region.
Advanced Piezoelectric Crystals for Acoustoelectronics
Authors: Roshchupkin D.
Published: December 2023

Ferroelectric crystals of LiNb(1-x)TaxO3 solid solutions and piezoelectric crystals Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 were grown by the Czochralski method. The composition of LiNb(1-x)TaxO3 crystals was studied by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The piezoelectric properties of crystals were studied and the independent piezoelectric moduli dij
were measured. Piezoelectric and acoustic properties of the crystals were studied by the method of high resolution X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The temperature dependences of acoustic properties of crystals were investigated.
Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit between a vacuum and a non-magnetic medium with the magneto-optical Faraday effect
Authors: Yeritsyan H S , Lalayan A A , Margaryan A L , Arakelyan H M
Published: December 2023

Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit on an opaque screen between vacuum and a nonmagnetic dielectric medium in the presence of magneto-optical activity induced in the medium by an external magnetic field is considered. A number of features of the diffraction pattern are revealed for different directions of an external magnetic field that induces magneto-optical activity (Faraday magneto-optical effect).