bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binding and Hoche’s “Life Unworthy of Life”: A Historical and Ethical Analysis
Authors: Brody Howard , Cooper M. Wayne
Published: October 2015

The 1920 essay by German attorney Karl Binding and psychiatrist Alfred Hoche, “Permitting the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life,” is often characterized as a stepping-stone toward the Nazi genocide policies. A careful review of Binding and Hoche’s arguments does reveal elements that foreshadow Nazi thinking, but it also contains points that fail to parallel—or that directly contradict—Nazi death practices. A proper ethical and historical analysis of this work requires a more nuanced discussion than it often receives.
The Southern Piedmont’s Continued Land-Use Evolution, 1973–2011
Authors: Auch Roger F. , Napton Darrell E. , Sayler Kristi L. , Drummond Mark A. , Kambly Steve , Sorenson Daniel G.
Published: October 2015

Se examinan la media, las máximas, las mínimas y las curvas de duración del caudal anual en la cuenca de drenaje rura l no reglamentada, del río Santa Fe en el norte de Florida, 1932–2012. El riego en el área de estudio se ha más que duplicado desde 1970, aumentando de 3.400 hectáreas a cerca de 7.300 hectáreas de tierra de regadío aproximadamente. Esto influyó en una disminución del 22% en la mínima y la media del caudal en la cuenca. Se realizan cálculos de precipitación anual se para determinar si los cambios de caudal son impulsados por los cambios climáticos o por fuentes regionales de variabilidad interanual. Varias pruebas estadísticas objetivamente detectan tendencias, roturas en la serie cronológica y cambios significativos en las características hidroclimáticas. Los caudales bajos e intermedios exhiben marcados descensos tras las roturas y se reflejan en la doble masa y en las curvas de duración del caudal anual, sin embargo, los cambios en la precipitación son casi imperceptibles. La ausencia de reglamentación del caudal aguas arriba y el mayor desarrollo urbano, así como la fuerza de las señales en los caudales bajos e intermedios, sugieren que las observadas reducciones de caudal son el resultado resultan del aumento de bombeo de aguas subterráneas para el regadío a mediados de los 70.
Analysis of Historical Streamflow Trends of the Santa Fe River, Florida, 1932–2012
Authors: Van Horn Jessy , Richardson James , Waylen Peter
Published: October 2015

Se examinan la media, las máximas, las mínimas y las curvas de duración del caudal anual en la cuenca de drenaje rural no reglamentada, del río Santa Fe en el norte de Florida, 1932–2012. El riego en el área de estudio se ha más que duplicado desde 1970, aumentando de 3.400 hectáreas a cerca de 7.300 hectáreas de tierra de regadío aproximadamente. Esto influyó en una disminución del 22% en la mínima y la media del caudal en la cuenca. Se realizan cálculos de precipitación anual se para determinar si los cambios de caudal son impulsados por los cambios climáticos o por fuentes regionales de variabilidad interanual. Varias pruebas estadísticas objetivamente detectan tendencias, roturas en la serie cronológica y cambios significativos en las características hidroclimáticas. Los caudales bajos e intermedios exhiben marcados descensos tras las roturas y se reflejan en la doble masa y en las curvas de duración del caudal anual, sin embargo, los cambios en la precipitación son casi imperceptibles. La ausencia de reglamentación del caudal aguas arriba y el mayor desarrollo urbano, así como la fuerza de las señales en los caudales bajos e intermedios, sugieren que las observadas reducciones de caudal son el resultado resultan del aumento de bombeo de aguas subterráneas para el regadío a mediados de los 70.
The Electoral Geography of Provisional Ballots by County: The North Carolina 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: McGinn Christopher , Debbage Keith G.
Published: October 2015

La geografía de los votos provisionales es un ámbito de la geografía electoral cada vez más importante, ya que tales votos con frecuencia pueden influenciar los resultados electorales. Dicho esto, es un área de investigación que sigue siendo considerablemente poco investigada. El objetivo de este trabajo es remediar parcialmente esta deficiencia poniendo de relieve la importancia geográfica y el impacto global/total de los 52.000 votos provisionales de Carolina del Norte durante las elecciones presidenciales de 2008. El documento se centra en un análisis exhaustivo de la distribución espacial de los votos provisionales tanto en términos absolutos como relativos por condado. Basado en un análisis de regresión se destacan los vínculos que existen entre el número de los votos provisionales por condado y diversas variables predictoras/pronosticadoras. La investigación encontró que los condados más viejos, bien educados, predominantemente blancos del oeste y de la costa de Carolina del Norte recibieron menos votos provisionales que otros condados. Además, los condados con un largo historial agrícola y “minoría-mayorías” situados en el noreste del estado tuvieron cantidades mucho más altas de votos provisionales.
Point Pleasant, West Virginia: Making a Tourism Landscape in an Appalachian Town
Authors: Kruse Robert J.
Published: October 2015

Este artículo se centra en la ciudad de Point Pleasant, West Virginia, ubicada en la confluencia de los ríos Ohio y Kanawha en el valle de Ohio. Examina los procesos que intervienen en el desarrollo y coordinación de varios tipos de turismo. Además de promover el turismo de patrimonio, Point Pleasant se promociona como el lugar de los presuntos avistamientos del Mothman, una criatura monstruosa representada en una película protagonizada por Richard Gere. Point Pleasant también ganó la atención nacional en 1967 cuando el puente de plata/Silver Bridge se cayó/se derrumbó/se colapsó/se desplomó al río Ohio resultando en más de 40 muertes. Este proyecto proporciona un análisis de las formas en que las narrativas del turismo de patrimonio y paranormal se entrelazan con las narrativas y los marcadores de la catástrofe del puente. A través de entrevistas con los líderes locales y un análisis del paisaje turístico de Point Pleasant, este artículo ilumina las estrategias empleadas por los líderes locales para mejorar la economía local y moldear activamente la representación de la ciudad a sus visitantes.
Género y liderazgo en la universidad española. Un estudio sobre la brecha de género en la gestión universitaria
Authors: López Mercedes Cuevas , Rosas Francisco Díaz
Published: October 2015

Como paso previo al conocimiento de los estilos de liderazgo que ejercen las mujeres en las universidades españolas, se impone conocer cuál es la situación actual en lo que a desempeño de puestos directivos se refiere. En este artículo, que forma parte de un estudio más amplio realizado en el seno del Proyecto Gendercit (PIRSES-GA-2012-318960) en el que se aborda la actuación de los/as directivos/as en diferentes centros de las universidades participantes; presentamos un análisis de carácter descriptivo sobre la situación actual de las universidades públicas españolas. Para ello se han recopilado datos relativos a la composición de los equipos de gobierno de cada universidad y de cada una de sus respectivas Escuelas y Facultades. El propósito de esta investigación es ofrecer una descripción de la presencia de mujeres en dos de los ámbitos de gobierno más importantes de la universidad pública española: los rectorados, y los decanatos de Facultades o las direcciones de Escuelas Técnicas Superiores. La información que presentamos ha sido obtenida mediante el análisis de las páginas web de cada institución entre los días 25 de noviembre y 30 de enero de 2015. El indicador utilizado en el estudio es un índice de distribución que señala el porcentaje de mujeres y hombres en cada colectivo analizado. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que, a pesar del gran avance experimentado, aún queda mucho camino por recorrer.
Praktik Pengawasan Etika Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia
Authors: Habibi Nur
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The Practice of Ethics Oversight in Indonesian Parliament. Court of Parliament's internal ethics is the realization of public oversight that is regulated in the House of Representatives. The existence of these institutions is necessary because the basic theory of representation associated with community control. If there are complaints, violations of ethics and morals to be held and the proceedings had already agreed in the rules. This is different if the question of law as an object of reporting, because the realm of trial also different. The substance of the articles that entrap offenders vary widely and include violations of administrative rules, orderly duties and obligations. Judicial ethics and morals is formed so that embodiment of the principles of good governance and applicable by legislators as expected the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related legislation. Abstrak: Praktik Pengawasan Etika DPR-RI. Pengadilan etika internal DPRRI merupakan realisasi pengawasan publik yang diatur dalam peraturan DPR-RI. Keberadaan lembaga ini sangat diperlukan karena teori dasar perwakilan terkait dengan kontrol masyarakat. Jika ada pengaduan, pelanggaran etika dan moral akan digelar dan proses pengadilannya pun sudah disepakati dalam peraturan. Hal ini berbeda jika persoalan hukum sebagai obyek pelaporannya, karena ranah pengadilannya juga berbeda. Subtansi pasal-pasal yang menjerat pelanggarnya sangat bervariasi, diantaranya pelanggaran tata tertib administrasi, tertib menjalankan tugas dan kewajiban. Peradilan etika dan moral ini dibentuk agar perwujudan prinsip-prinsip kepemerintahan yang baik dan benar dapat diterapkan oleh legislator sesuai harapan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1447
Kontroversi Pembentukan Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2013 Tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Ranah Kegentingan Yang Memaksa
Authors: Rohim Nur
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The Controversy of Perppu Formation No. 1 in 2013 on the Constitutional Court in The Realm Emergency Force. The Placement of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law in the hierarchy of laws and regulations has the fluctuated time. This is an evident from the history of legislation in Indonesia, which puts Perppu on one side are on equal footing the law. The position change is caused due Perppu materially the same as the Act, and there are not formally Perppu Act but closer to the bill that implemented the Act because like the precarious conditions that force. The controversy also sparked debate later, whether the Court has the right to test Perppu or not, was the Parliament also has the authority to accept or reject the nearest Perppu during the trial. As for Perppu No. 1 of 2013 on the Constitutional Court established by the President to rescue the Court assessed by some not qualified in the realm crunch that forced, and even tended to be unconstitutional. However, some others assess in contrary has Perppu urgency to restore the name of the state agency that became the guardian of the constitution. Abstrak: Kontroversi Pembentukan Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2013 Tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Ranah Kegentingan Yang Memaksa. Penempatan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang dalam hierarki peraturan perundangundangan dari masa ke masa bersifat fluktuatif. Terlihat dari sejarah peraturan perundang-undangan yang menempatkan Perppu di satu sisi berada setara dengan undang-undang dan di sisi lain berada di bawah undang-undang. Hal ini disebabkan karena secara materiil Perppu sama dengan undang-undang, dan secara formil Perppu bukanlah undang-undang, tetapi lebih dekat kepada RUU yang dilaksanakan laksana undang-undang karena kondisi genting yang memaksa. Perdebatan yang muncul, apakah MK berhak menguji Perppu atau tidak, sedang DPR juga memiliki kewenangan untuk menerima atau menolak Perppu pada masa sidang terdekat. Begitu pula halnya Perppu No. 1 tahun 2013 tentang MK yang dibentuk oleh Presiden guna penyelamatan MK dinilai oleh tidak memenuhi syarat dalam ranah kegentingan yang memaksa, bahkan cenderung inkonstitusional. Akan tetapi sebagian menilai sebaliknya, Perppu ini memiliki urgensitas guna memulihkan nama lembaga negara yang menjadi pengawal konstitusi ini DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1454
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (Tinjauan Terhadap UU Nomor 39 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia)
Authors: Muin Fatkhul
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The protection of Indonesian workers who work abroad are part of the State's obligation to fulfill the constitutional rights as citizens. Law No. 39 Year 2004 on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers are an integral part of the system that builds upon the mandate of Article 28 subsection 3D, where every citizen has the right country to get a decent job. This means that the rights that every citizen of the country is the right to work outside the country and the state's obligation to provide protection for Indonesian workers who work abroad.  Abstrak: Perlindungan terhadap tenaga kerja Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri merupakan bagian dari kewajiban negara untuk memenuhi hak-hak konstitusional sebagai warga negara. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia merupakan bagian integral dari sistem yang dibangun berdasarkan amanat Pasal 28 D ayat 3, dimana setiap warga negera berhak untu mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak. Artinya bahwa hak yang dimiliki setiap warga negera merupakan hak untuk bekerja di luar negeri dan kewajiban negara untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap tenaga kerja Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1838
Scope of State Responsibility Against Terrorism in International Law Perspective; Indonesian Cases
Authors: Soemitro Dian Purwaningrum , Pratama Indra Wahyu
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Scope of State Responsibility Against Terrorism in International Law Perspective; Indonesian Cases. The emergence of global terrorism cases within more than a decade, marked by the tragedy of 9/11, making the issue of it being a big problem. The State as one of the subjects of International Law, into the spotlight. One of the problems that developed was the extent of the responsibility of the State towards acts of terrorism that occurred in the region of his sovereignty, which caused casualties both its own citizens or foreign nationals. In the case of terrorism that happened in Indonesia, the State's responsibility to the International Conventions implementation are very insufficient and the efforts from the country by creating a system of criminal justice to the criminal offence of terrorism has not been a maximum. There should be an obligation of the internationally imposed on it. The problem is if the terrorism was occurred will be submitted to the International Law are likely to be open to foreigners intervention. This is of course contrary to the principles of International Law. However, in the development of International Law as it has evolved in the Principle of the Responsibility to Protect and that should be accepted by any countries in order to attract the embodiment of the country against the security and Human Rights Abstrak: Lingkup Pertanggungjawaban Negara Terhadap Terorisme dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional pada Kasus Indonesia. Munculnya kasus terorisme global dalam satu dekade, ditandai dengan tragedi 9/11 yang menjadi masalah besar. Salah satu masalah yang berkembang adalah sejauh mana tanggung jawab negara terhadap aksi terorisme yang terjadi di wilayah kedaulatannya, yang menyebabkan timbulnya korban, baik warga negaranya sendiri atau warga negara asing. Dalam kasus terorisme yang terjadi di Indonesia, pertanggungjawaban negara terlihat dalam pelaksanaan Konvensi Internasional dan upaya menciptakan sistem peradilan pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana terorisme. Jika permasalahan terorisme diserahkan kepada Hukum Internasional, maka cenderung akan membuka intervensi asing. Hal ini tentu saja bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Internasional. Namun, dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional telah berevolusi dalam Prinsip Tanggung Jawab untuk melindungi, selain adanya keharusan setiap negara untuk menjaga keamanan dan Hak Asasi Manusia  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1841
Perubahan Konstitusi dan Reformasi Ketatanegaraan Indonesiaa
Authors: Tamrin Abu
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Amendment of the Constitution and constitutional reform in Indonesia. The Constitution can be two meanings, namely: a broad sense and narrow sense. Meaning constitution means forming. Constitutional expert in Constitutional Law contains basic law is written. Act of 1945 is a formal document which is the result of political struggle in the past. In the era of the New Order Act of 1945 "sacred" so that the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia in the New Order era did not alter the Constitution of 1945. In the reform era to amend the Act of 1945. There was a change of articles of Law 1945. One only Article 1 (2) the first amendment of the Constitution of 1945. Sovereignty is in the people's hands and performed in accordance with the Constitution. There is a state agency that was formed, one of which the Constitutional Court and no state institutions were removed, the Supreme Advisory Council. With the change of the Constitution of 1945, then there was a constitutional reform in Indonesia Abstrak: Perubahan Konstitusi dan Reformasi Ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Menurut K.C. Wheare kata konstitusi dapat menjadi 2 arti yaitu: arti luas dan arti sempit. Menurut Wirjono Projodikoro arti konstitusi berarti membentuk. Baik konstitusi maupun Undang-undang Dasar menurut Pakar Hukum Tata Negara berisi Hukum dasar tertulis. Konstitusi/Undang-undang Dasar 1945 merupakan dokumen formal yang merupakan hasil perjuangan politik bangsa di waktu lampau. Di era orde baru Undang-undang Dasar 1945 “disakralkan” sehingga Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat RI di era orde baru tidak mengubah Undangundang Dasar 1945. Di era reformasi dilakukan perubahan Undang-undang Dasar 1945. Ada perubahan pasal Undang-undang Dasar 1945. Salah satunya Pasal 1 ayat (2) perubahan pertama Undang-undang Dasar 1945.Kedaulatan ada di tangan rakyat dan dilakukan menurut Undang-undang Dasar. Ada lembaga negara yang dibentuk, salah satunya Mahkamah Konstitusi RI dan ada lembaga tinggi negara yang dihapus, yaitu Dewan Pertimbangan Agung RI.Dengan adanya perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, maka terjadi reformasi ketatanegaraan Indonesia. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1843
Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Dugaan Penyalahgunaan Wewenang) Pejabat Publik (Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan)
Authors: . Fathudin
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Allegation of abuse of authority that committed by public officials is an object to should be examined with the specialty principle (specialialiteit beginsel), because the deviation from this principle would impact  to abuse of authority (detournement de pouvoir). In this context, the allegation  of abuse of authority is a domain of administrative law (administrative penal law) so that the authority to examine the presence or absence of the element of abuse of authority is absolute competence of administrative  court. The application of this mechanism in line with the principle of ultimum remidiun in the application of criminal law. The application of a criminal sanction must be applied as a final sanction after the civil or administrative sanctions. In order to give opportunity for the public to give correction, corrections  (No Criminal Penalty before adminsitrative Correction is implemented). Government Administration Act is a response to the polemic of the object of dispute the allegation of abuse of authority that always be drawn directly into the realm of criminal law.   Keyword : abuse of authority, administrative law, administrative  court   Abstrak: Dugaan terjadinya penyalahgunaan wewenang yang dilakukan oleh pejabat pemerintahan merupakan objek yang harus diuji dengan asas spesialitas (specialialiteit beginsel), karena penyimpangan terhadap asas ini akan melahirkan penyalahgunaan wewenang (detournement de pouvoir). Pada konteks ini, maka dugaan penyalahgunaan wewenang merupakan domain hukum administrasi (administratif penal law ) sehingga wewenang untuk memeriksa ada atau tidak adanya unsur penyalahgunaan wewenang merupakan kompetensi absolut peradilam administrasi (Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara). Penerapan mekanisme ini selaras dengan asas ultimum remidiun dalam penerapan hukum pidana, di mana keberadaan pengaturan sanksi pidana harus diletakkan dan diposisikan sebagai sanksi terakhir setalah sanksi perdata maupun sanksi administratif tidak berdaya sebagai upaya memberikan ruang bagi masyarakat luas akan upaya perbaikan, koreksi, dan upaya lainnya sebelum pemidanaan diberikan (No Criminal Penalty before Adminsitrative Correction is implemented). Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan merupakan jawaban terhadap polemik seputar objek sengketa dugaan penyalahgunaan wewenang yang selama ini langsung ditarik ke ranah hukum pidana padahal sebuah kebijakan tidaklah dapat dikriminalisasi.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1844
Proses Akomodasi Hukum Islam Kedalam Hukum Pidana Nasional
Authors: Rambe Mara Sutan
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The process of accommodation of Islamic law into the National Criminal Law. The process of accommodation of Islamic law into the national criminal law, actually has been running since the days of the empire, the Dutch colonial era, the era of independence, the days of the old order, up to the current reform era. But its existence continues to be fought by most Muslims in Indonesia, including in the field of criminal law. It is based on the assumption that with the enforcement of the Islamic penal code, the crime that is increasingly spread in the midst of society can gradually be reduced. Accommodation of the Islamic criminal law in the reform era has entered a new era that, with the implementation of caning in Aceh. It is inseparable from the role of politicalparties / member of the House of Representatives. Therefore, need to carefully look at the stage where ideas and materials of Islamic criminal law began to be accommodated into the "Draft Criminal Code" to be formed, because the bill which will be transformed into law in force and binding, after it was enacted.  Abstrak: Proses Akomodasi Hukum Islam ke Dalam Hukum Pidan Nasional. Proses akomodasi hukum Islam kedalam hukum pidana nasional, sebenarnya telah berjalan sejak jaman kesultanan, jaman kolonial Belanda, jaman kemerdekaan, jaman orde lama, sampai dengan jaman reformasi saat ini. Namun eksistensinya terus diperjuangkan oleh sebagian umat Islam Indonesia, termasuk dalam bidang hukum pidana. Hal ini didasari oleh anggapan bahwa dengan diberlakukannya hukum pidana Islam, maka tindak pidana yang semakin hari semakin merebak di tengah-tengah masyarakat sedikit demi sedikit dapat terkurangi. Pengakomodasian hukum pidana Islam pada era reformasi telah memasuki era baru yaitu, dengan diterapkannya hukuman cambuk di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari peran partai politik/anggota DPR RI. Karenanya, perlu disimak pada tahapan mana ide dan materi hukum pidana Islam mulai terakomodasi ke dalam “RUU KUHP” yangakan dibentuk, karena RUU tersebut yang akan menjelma menjadi undangundang yang berlaku dan mengikat setelah disahkan.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1846
Penyalahgunaan Perjanjian Lisensi Merek Dalam Praktek Bisnis Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual
Authors: Rofida Ida
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Abuse Trademark License Agreement In Business Practices Intellectual Property Rights. The background of this study is related to the problems that exist because of the impact of the misuse of the trademark license agreement on business practices intellectual property rights. The results showed that the Misuse of brand licensing agreements in business practice of intellectual property rights protection is essential, the misuse of the trademark license agreement is due to several factors that can cause defects in the eyes of the brand license agreement and the law can also be detrimental to all parties concerned. The study also describes the efforts to resolve disputes in a brand licensing agreement as provided for in Article 84 of Law No. 15 of 2001 on Marks.   Abstrak: Penyalahgunaan  Perjanjian Lisensi Merek Dalam Praktek Bisnis Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah terkait masalah-masalah yang ada karena dampak dari adanya penyalahgunaan perjanjian lisensi merek terhadap praktek bisnis hakatas kekayaan intelektual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penyalahgunaan perjanjian lisensi merek dalam praktek bisnis hak atas kekayaan intelektual sangatlah penting perlindungannya, adanya penyalahgunaan perjanjian lisensi merek ini karena adanya beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan perjanjian lisensi merek cacat dimata hukum dan juga dapat merugikan semua pihak yang bersangkutan. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan mengenai upaya penyelesaian sengketa yang ada dalam sebuah perjanjian lisensi merek sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam pasal 84 Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek.    DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1847
Persamaan Unsur Pokok Pada Suatu Merek Terkenal (Analisis Putusan MA Nomor 162 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2014)
Authors: Pahusa Dandi
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Equation Basic Element In A Famous Brand (Analysis of the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 162 K / Pdt.Sus-IPR / 2014). Criteria for determining the equation of the constituents in a well-known brand that is the similarity of images, sounds, names, words, letters, numbers, color composition or a combination of these elements, either for goods or services that are similar or dissimilar based on general knowledge of the public, the brand earned a reputation as a massive campaign, and with evidence of the trademark registration in several countries. The impact of the decision of the Supreme Court Number 162 K / Pdt.Sus-IPR / 2014 for brand owners who have registered and well-known to always protect its brand, namely by taking into account the bad faith of the owner of the other brands. If there are other brands that have been registered in the Directorate General of Intellectual Property and published in General News Brands, the owner of the mark that has been registered in advance immediately appealed and the cancellation of the trademark. Abstrak: Persamaan Unsur Pokok Pada Suatu Merek Terkenal (Analisis atas Putusan MA Nomor 162 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2014). Kriteria penentuan persamaan unsur pokok pada suatu merek terkenal yaitu adanya kemiripan gambar, bunyi, nama, kata, huruf-huruf, angka-angka, susunan warna atau kombinasi dari unsur-unsur tersebut, baik terhadap barang atau jasa yang sejenis maupun tidak sejenis yang didasarkan pada pengetahuan umum masyarakat, reputasi merek yang diperoleh karena promosi besar-besaran, dan disertai bukti pendaftaran merek tersebut di beberapa negara. Dampak dari putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 162 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2014 bagi pemilik merek yang telah terdaftar dan terkenal agar selalu melindungi mereknya yaitu dengan memperhatikan adanya itikad tidak baik dari pemilik merek lain. Apabila terdapat merek lain yang telah terdaftar di Dirjen HKI dan diumumkan dalam Berita Umum Merek, maka pemilik merek yang telah terdaftar terlebih dahulu segera mengajukan keberatan dan pembatalan merek tersebut. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1848
Terhesség és szülés trophectoderma-biopsziát követően vitrifikált blasztociszták beültetésével
Authors: Mátyás Szabolcs , Varga Tünde , Kovács Péter , Kónya Márton , Rajczy Klára , Babenko Éva , Szabó Barbara , Kaali G. Steven , Szentirmay Zoltán
Published: October 2015

Application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis makes it possible to transfer only embryos unaffected by a certain genetic disorder. The authors have applied the combination of trophectoderm biopsy and vitrification in order to detect a monogenic disorder. Previously diagnosed type 1 neurofibromatosis of the woman was the indication for genetic examination. In vitro fertilisation and embryo culture was performed using sequential culture mediums. Seven blastocysts could be sampled on the fifth day and were vitrified subsequently. Two blastocysts turned out to be genetically normal based on the result of genetic examination using polimerase chain reaction. A healthy boy was delivered following the transfer of warmed blastocysts and an uneventful singleton pregnancy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(44), 1787–1792.
A Xenorhabdus budapestensis entomopatogén baktérium sejtmentes fermentlevének és tisztítottfehérje-frakciójának antimikrobiális hatása néhány zoonoticus baktériumra
Authors: Burgettiné Böszörményi Erzsébet , Barcs István , Domján Gyula , Bélafiné Bakó Katalin , Fodor András , Makrai László , Vozik Dávid
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Many multi-resistant patogens appear continuously resulting in a permanent need for the development of novel antibiotics. A large number of antibiotics introduced in clinical and veterinary practices are not effective. Antibacterial peptides with unusual mode of action may represent a promising option against multi-resistant pathogens. The entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus budapestensis bacteria produce several different antimicrobial peptides compounds such as bicornutin-A and fabclavin. Aim: The aim of the authors was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of Xenorhabdus budapestensis using zoonotic patogen bacteria. Method: Cell-free conditioned media and purified peptide fractions of Xenorhabdus budapestensis were tested on Gram-positive (Rhodococcus equi, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Listeria monocytagenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella derbi, Bordatella bronchoseptica, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Aeromonas hydrophila) using agar diffusion test on blood agar plates. Results: It was found that Xenorhabdus budapestensis bacteria produced compounds with strong and dose-dependent effects on the tested organisms. Purified peptid fraction exerted a more marked effect than cell free conditioned media. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to this antibacterial effect than Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: Antibacterial peptide compound from Xenorhabdus budapestensis exert marked antibacterial effect on zoonotic patogen bacteria and they should be further evaluated in future for their potential use in the control or prevention of zoonoses. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(44), 1782–1786.
Malignus gastroduodenalis obstrukció endoszkópos palliációja fedetlen enteralis stenttel
Authors: Szegedi László , Dandé Gábor , Ágoston Sándor , Kovács János , Rácz Ferenc , Vén László
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Palliative treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions with enteral stents is an effective and safe method, and a viable alternative to gastroenterostomy. Aim: The authors present the most common malignancies behind gastroduodenal obstructions, the aspects of stent selections, insertion techniques, technical and clinical success rates, and possible procedure-related complications. Method: Between 1 March, 2013 and 9 April, 2015 nineteen patients were treated with uncovered, self-expandable enteral stents. Out of the 19 patients, 6 were females and 13 males, with an average age of 67 years. Indications of stenting were peripyloric ventricular tumour in five cases, malignancies of the duodenum, gastroenteralis anastomosis, Vater papilla and gallbladder in one case respectively, pancreatic tumor in seven cases and bile duct malignancies in three cases. Results: The technical success rate of stent placement was 100%. The evaluation of clinical success was analised on the basis of the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System. Conclusions: The use of enteral stents in malignant gastroduodenal obstructions is a reliable and safe method, which promptly decreases symptoms of the patients and improves their quality of life. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(44), 1778–1781.
Paradigmaváltás szükségessége a sugárterápiában
Authors: Mayer Árpád , Katona Csilla , Farkas Róbert , Póti Zsuzsa
Published: October 2015

The status and indications of radiotherapy have significantly changed in the past decade because novel techniques, radiobiological research and major advances in informatics have made better local control possible. Using supplemented marking of the target volume with computer tomography based other image-making methods adapted made it possible to define the tumor and intact surrounding tissues more precisely. With novel radiotherapy techniques the dosage of the homogenity and the covering in the target volume can be raised optimally, especially with intensity modulated arc radiotherapy (volumetric modulated arc therapy) without causing radiation injury or damage to intact surrounding tissues. Furthermore, with novel techniques and target volume marking, new indications have appeared in clinical practice and besides sterotactic radiotherapy for intracranial metastases, the extracranial so-called oligometastic conditions can be maintained close to a curative state (or in remission) for many years. Among these, perhaps the most striking is the stereotactic radiotherapy treatment of liver, lung and spinal cord metastases in one or more fractions, for which the indispensable condition is the image or respiratory guided technique. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(44), 1763–1768.
Once a Criminal Always a Criminal? A 15-Year Analysis of Recidivism Among Female Prisoners in Massachusetts
Authors: Mastrorilli Mary Ellen , Norton-Hawk Maureen , Usher Nicole
Published: October 2015

The study of prisoner recidivism has long captured the interest of criminal justice researchers. Recidivism studies attempt to answer a variety of questions ranging from what are the characteristics of those who reoffend, what factors predict offender recidivism, and how long does a recidivist remain in the community before finding themselves in conflict with the law again. Unlike many studies that examine recidivism over a relatively short term - three to five years, this study investigates recidivism over a 15-year period among a group of female offenders released from a Massachusetts prison in 1995. Findings point to three propositions moving forward. First, correctional programming geared specifically toward youthful offenders might be necessary to promote desistance over the life course. Second, offender monitoring and accountability up to 36 months after release from incarceration may reduce the risk of re-offending. Third, studies with a follow-up period of ten years would be a valuable addition to the recidivism literature to advance our understanding of chronic offending among women.
The H2 Visa process in the catfish industry
Authors: Dellinger Kirsten
Published: October 2015

This article builds on global ethnography, transnational feminist sociology, and gendered organizations to examine the processes and practices required to obtain H2 visas, temporary work permits for non-U.S. citizens seeking employment in agriculture and non-agricultural sectors. The article is based on ethnographic observation at a U.S. Consulate in Mexico with a focus on observing the process experienced by a group of Mexican workers seeking H2-A Visas to work on a catfish farm in Mississippi. I argue that by more carefully examining the roles and perspectives of the catfish farm manager and a U.S. Consulate Director in the process of obtaining the H2-A visas, we can move beyond “globalization from above” or “globalization from below” perspectives to a more nuanced understanding of what transnationalism looks like from the middle. In addition, by applying a gendered organizations framework to understanding the H2 visa process at an interactional level, I demonstrate how the definition of the “good worker” is gendered.
Contribuciones de la mujer gitana a la ciencia, a las políticas y a la mejora social
Authors: Garcia Tania
Published: October 2015

The triple exclusion suffered by many Romaní women inEurope(on grounds of gender, ethnicity and, in many cases, low academic level) did not impede that they become today the engine for the transformation to improve their people’s life conditions. This article is based on a documental review on the impact of communicative methodology of research on public policies addressed to the Romani people and also on the improvement of their life conditions. Our analysis focuses specially on the role of Romani women throughout the whole process, in which they have been protagonists and end users at the same. Their communities and society as a whole also took benefit of Romani women’s contributions.
Effect of zinc and boron application on distribution and contribution of zinc fractions to the total uptake of zinc by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in sandy loam soils of Karnataka, India
Authors: Nadaf S. A. , Chidanandappa H. M.
Published: October 2015

To study the effect of zinc and boron application on distribution and contribution of zinc fractions to the total uptake of zinc by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.) a field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil of Shivamogga, Karnataka (Typic Haplustalf). Application of borax @ 5 kg ha−1 did not influence the distribution of zinc fraction in soil. But, an application of zinc sulphate at all the three levels (5, 10 and 20 kg ha−1) significantly increased the water soluble zinc (WS) from 0.36 to 0.52 mg kg−1 and sorbed zinc (SORB) from 3.17 to 4.55 mg kg−1 in soil at harvest of the crop. DTPA-Zn exhibited a positive and significant correlation with WS (r = 0.93**), SORB (r = 0.96**), EMnR (r = 0.94**), CA (r = 0.89**), OM (r = 0.85**) and Fe & Al-ox (r = 0.96**). But, it had a negative and significant relationship with RES (r = -0.69**). Path coefficient results revealed that all fractions except residual zinc significantly and positively correlated with total uptake of zinc by groundnut.
Identification of agronomic traits to enhance biomass and grain yield of chickpea under rainfed short-duration environment
Authors: Hegde V. S. , Kumar J.
Published: October 2015

Low biomass yield is considered to be a major limiting factor of chickpea productivity in semi-arid short duration environments of Peninsular India. Correlation and path coefficient analyses performed on grain yield and 14 other agronomic traits of 25 diverse chickpea genotypes to assess direct and indirect contribution of each trait to grain yield and formulate an effective selection criteria to improve biomass and grain yield of chickpea under residual soil moisture condition. Results have shown that biomass had the largest positive direct effect on grain yield and selection of tall types with more number of secondary branches/plant and seeds/plant and seeds of large size would be highly rewarding in simultaneously increasing biomass and grain yield of chickpea. JG 11, BGD 103, BGD 121 and BGD 72 are some of the high biomass and grain yield producing genotypes adapted to rainfed conditions of short duration environments.
Effect of cobalt and sulphur nutrition on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients in lentil
Authors: Sahay Neha , Singh S. P. , Ali Javed , Sharma Yogesh Kumar
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2008-2010 at Bichpuri (Agra) to study the effect of cobalt and sulphur on growth, yield and uptake of nutrients in lentil. Treatments consisted of four levels of cobalt (0, 2, 4 and 8 kg ha−1) and four levels of sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg ha−1). The growth and yield attributes increased significantly up to 4 kg Co ha−1 over control, while increases in these were noted up to 20 kg S ha−1. Application of 4 kg Co ha−1 increased the grain and straw yield by 16.0 and 15.5% over control, respectively but 8 kg Co ha−1 decreased it. Yield of lentil increased linearly with increasing levels of S over control. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield was 26.7 and 28.3% due to 20 kg S ha−1 over control, respectively. The uptake of Co and S in grain and straw increased significantly with their respective application. Application of 20 kg S ha−1 increased Co uptake by the crop while S uptake increased with 2 kg Co ha−1 only by the crop. The uptake of N, P and K by the crop increased significantly up to 4 kg Co ha−1. Similarly S application up to 40 kg ha−1 increased significantly the uptake of N and K by the crop. Protein content in grain increased significantly with the addition of Co (8 kg ha−1) and sulphur (40 kg ha−1).
Effect of plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) + pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan) intercropping system under red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India
Authors: Gunri S. K. , Nath R. , Puste A. M.
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2005 and 2006 to find out the plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) – pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping system. Growing of groundnut as sole crop recorded higher pod yield (1490 kg ha−1) over groundnut in intercropping system. The highest pod yield (889 kg ha−1) of groundnut among the intercropping system was obtained with the treatment received 100 % of both RDF and plant density of groundnut and pigeon pea respectively. Which was closely followed by T9 (850 kg ha−1), T2 (846 kg ha−1), T11 (828 kg ha−1) and (825 kg ha−1) and they were statistically at par among each other. Growing of pigeon pea as sole crop recorded higher T10 grain yield (1584 kg ha−1) over pigeon pea in intercropping system. Among the intercropping system the maximum pigeon pea grain yield was found in T1 (1013kg ha−1) which was at par with T10 (978 kg ha−1), T11 (950 kg ha −1), T2 (946 kg ha−1), T9 (939 kg ha−1), and T5 (903 kg ha−1). Among the cropping systems, intercropping of groundnut with pigeon pea resulted in maximum groundnut equivalent yield (2155 kg ha−1) in T1. Among the intercropping systems, groundnut with pigeon pea in 4:2 row proportions with 100% both plant density and RDF in all the crops was most remunerative in respect of net return (Rs.28400) and economic return: cost ratio (2.85).
Influence of irrigation scheduling (IW:CPE ratios) and sulphur on yield, quality and economics of rabi pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Kumbhar N. M. , Patel J. S. , Gediya K. M. , Suryawanshi P. K. , Patel C. J.
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, to study the influence of irrigation scheduling (IW:CPE ratios) and sulphur on yield and quality of rabi pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) under middle Gujarat conditions during rabi, 2009-10 on loamy sand soil. Irrigation scheduling at 0.8 IW/CPE ratios (I3) resulted in significantly the highest grain yield (1677 kg ha−1), protein content (20.85 %) and significantly higher stover yield (4858 kg ha−1) and gave highest net monetary returns of Rs.37591 ha−1 with maximum B:C ratio of 2.34. Application of sulphur @ 40 kg S ha−1 (S2) recorded significantly the highest grain (1630 kg ha−1) and stover (4819 kg ha−1) yields. In case of protein content and economics, application of sulphur @ 40 kg S ha−1 recorded significantly the highest protein content (21.03 %) and the highest net monetary returns of Rs.35000 ha−1 with maximum B:C ratio of 2.19. Interaction effect between irrigation scheduling and sulphur levels on grain yield was highly significant. Irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with the application of 40 kg S ha−1 recorded significantly higher grain yield (1929 kg ha−1) , however, it was at par with the irrigation scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with 20 kg S ha−1.
Diversity of native rhizobia-nodulating Phaseolus lunatus in Brazil
Authors: Araujo Ademir Sergio Ferreira , Lopes Ângela Celis Almeida , Gomes Regina Lucia Ferreira , Junior José Evando Aguiar Beserra , Antunes Jadson Emanuel Lopes , Lyra Maria Do Carmo Catanho Pereira de , Do Vale Barreto Figueiredo Márcia
Published: October 2015

The studies of rhizobial diversity in the Phaseolus genus have focused on Phaseolus vulgaris. It is unclear how rhizobial diversity is associated with Phaseolus lunatus in areas where this legume is not native, such as Brazil. Therefore, we studied rhizobial diversity associated with P. lunatus bean in soils from Brazil. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, and seeds from each genotype of P. lunatus were sown in plastic bags containing soils originating from Northeast Brazil. The nodules used in isolation and characterization were collected at 45 days after seedling emergence. Fourteen isolates of rhizobia were obtained. DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using primers fD1 and rD1. More than half of the strains studied were positioned in the Bradyrhizobium clade (in the B. elkani superclade). One strain was positioned in the Rhizobium etli/Rhizobium phaseoli clade. Two strains were grouped within the R. tropici group. Three strains, ISOL16, ISOL21, and ISOL27, that may represent new lineages were found. According to our analysis of the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of 14 rhizobia strains, there was high species diversity of rhizobia-nodulating P. lunatus in Northeast Brazil, including potential new species.
Field resistance of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] germplasm lines to Fusarium wilt disease in India
Authors: Pawar S. V. , Deshpande G. D. , Dey Utpal
Published: October 2015

A study was conducted at Badnapur in the district of Jalna on the behavior of two hundred and forty-eight pigeonpea germplasm lines representing different levels of resistance to pigeonpea wilt disease. Out of 248 germplasm lines Resistant (R), Moderately Resistant (MR), Moderately Susceptible (MS), Susceptible (S), Highly Susceptible (HS) and Very Highly Susceptible (VHS) reaction was given by 2, 8, 10, 25, 131 and 72 entries, respectively. Germplasm lines GL4 (7088) and GL90 (ICP-8863) expressed significantly highest resistance over the rest of germplasm lines tested. All the intraplot sickness checks at all sites from SCS1 to SCS50 responded with significantly highest wilt (%) and were at par indicating uniform inoculum load throughout the sick plot. In testing stability of resistance in donor lines, it was revealed that 9 donors responded with significantly least wilt (%) having consistent Resistant “R” reaction thereby indicating their stability as resistance donors.
Identification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes having resistance against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Bozbuga Refik , Dasgan H. Yildiz , Akhoundnejad Yelderem , Imren Mustafa , Toktay Halil , Kasapoglu Ece Bortecine
Published: October 2015

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause immense yield losses in crops throughout the world. Use of resistant germplasms of plants limits the root knot nematode damages. In this study, 87 common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) genotypes were screened against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita to determine the resistance response under growth chamber conditions in Turkey. P. vulgaris genotypes were evaluated based on resistance index (RI); root galling severity and nematode egg mass production on a 1-9 scale. The nematode negatively influenced the growth (fresh weight) of bean genotypes. At the completion of the study, 13 bean genotypes were found as immune (Sehirali), highly resistant (TR42164, Seleksiyon 5, Seker Fasulye, Fas-Agadir-Suk-1) and moderately resistant (Acik Badem, TR68587, TR43477, TR53827, TR28018, Gülnar-3, Siyah Fasulye, Kibris Amerikan) against M. incognita thus suggesting the use of such genotypes in breeding studies as a parental material to develop the root knot nematode resistant cultivars.