bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration monitoring of a bridge using 2D profile laser scanning: Lessons learned from the comparison of two spatio-temporal processing strategies
Authors: Medic Tomislav , Meyer Nicholas , Schmid Lorenz , Wieser Andreas
Published: January 2023

Profile laser scanning allows sub-millimeter precise contact-free measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution. That makes it an appealing solution for structural health monitoring focusing on vibrations of engineering structures, such as the analysis of eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies of bridges. In this work, we use the profile scanning mode of a Zoller+Fröhlich Imager 5016 terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to observe bridge dynamics, focusing on the free decay processes following trains passing the bridge and exciting the structure. We compare two vibration monitoring strategies and implement an open-source semi-automatic software that integrates both approaches. We successfully estimate a spatio-temporal vibration model (including dampening coefficient) despite the maximum vibration amplitude reaching only 0.3 mm during the free decay process. Both strategies allow the estimation of the first eigenfrequency with a precision better than 0.1 Hz. Within the paper, we highlight the advantages and tackle the identified challenges of these vibration monitoring strategies. We also report on a preliminary investigation of appropriate instrument positioning for estimating the parameters of a spatio-temporal vibration model.
Monitoring the spatiotemporal variability of beach mesoforms by analyzing Sentinel-2 images
Authors: Cabezas-Rabadán Carlos , Pardo-Pascual Josep E. , Palomar-Vázquez Jesús , Fernández-Sarría Alfonso
Published: January 2023

Beaches are extremely dynamic natural environments that experience significant variations at different spatial and temporal scales. The processes of appearance and maintenance of morphological features as the beach mesoforms, as well as their characterization, may provide useful information on the morphodynamic evolution of a beach and the spatial variability of nearshore processes. The high availability of Sentinel-2 satellite images together with the development of tools such as the system SHOREX allows the automatic extraction of the position of the shore. The high accuracy of the resulting satellite-derived shorelines (SDS) offers high potential for the definition of relatively detailed morphological features. This work assesses the ability to apply the SDS for characterizing beach mesoforms appearing at Cala de Mijas, in Málaga (S Spain) as well as characterising their changes over time. The extraction of the SDS enables the characterisation of rhythmic coastal forms through the undulations described by the shoreline position along the beach face by using a sinuosity index and to start to address the study of their relationship with the registered wave conditions. This proves that the information derived from mid-resolution satellite images can become a key source of information to characterize the morphological dynamics of beach environments.
First experiment of long-range panoramic images on a high-precision geodetic reference frame
Authors: Javadi Peyman , Lerma José Luis , García-Asenjo Luis
Published: January 2023

Geomonitoring of rockfalls and landslides is increasingly carried out by solutions that integrate different geomatics techniques to provide quickly 3D point clouds or models that are required to be rigorously in the same reference system. Methods based on remote sensing such as terrestrial laser scanning or photogrammetry need precise ground control, which is usually provided by means of geodetic surveys. However, when the study area is large with strong limitations due to particular orography, those geodetic techniques cannot always grant accurate target points optimally distributed within the monitored object, and only an external reference frame is available to provide absolute orientation to those 3D point clouds or models. In that case, terrestrial photogrammetry shows clear advantages compared to terrestrial laser scanning. Still, it may require a large number of high-quality images taken from well-distributed stations, thus hampering the desired fast data collection. A possible alternative to cope with this problem is the use of the panoramic photogrammetry method by using robotic devices like Gigapan along with a systematic collection procedure from stable stations of a reference frame whose coordinates are accurate and well-controlled. This contribution describes an experiment conducted in Cortes de Pallás (Spain), where an existing infrastructure consisting of 10 pillars and 15 check points is annually monitored at millimetric level, to investigate the potential of long-range panoramic photogrammetry as applied to deformation monitoring. The panoramic images were taken from 7 selected pillars using the Gigapan robotic device. The accuracy of oriented panoramic images, the performance of the method in long-ranges (500-1000 m), and the consistency with the geodetic techniques in the 15 check points were analyzed. Finally, some conclusions about the suitability of panoramic photogrammetry as applied to long-range deformation monitoring are drawn.
Transferability of an estimation procedure for distance deviations of terrestrial laser scanners from laboratory to on-site conditions
Authors: Linzer Finn , Neuner Hans-Berndt
Published: January 2023

Employing terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) for geodetic deformation measurements requires attaining the highest possible accuracy. In this paper, we estimate the influence of varying incidence angles (IA) and materials on measurements regarding the distance component. Considering not only stochastic characteristics, the use of a scanning total station enables additionally the study of systematic distance deviations. By using the total station ocular, the device is brought into the local coordinate system of a laser tracker via position resection and intersection. The point cloud recording, with a Close-Range scanner, represents the reference. Due to transformation into a common coordinate system, defined by a laser tracker, a distance driven point comparison is possible. To test a large number of conditions an automated setup was developed. For each device, a suitable interface was implemented in the Robot Operating System. After the specimen has been set up, an automatic measurement can be performed for data acquisition. We can demonstrate that different building materials and varying IAs cause systematic distance deviations up to 3 mm magnitude. For measurement objects, this kind of correction must be considered, especially when the measurement configuration varies between measurement epochs. It can be demonstrated that the values and characteristics observed in the laboratory agree to those obtained on-site. However, the chosen approach thereby reveals previously unrecognized challenges that need to be considered for the use of TLS in high-accuracy deformation analysis.
Static and Dynamic Monitoring of the Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral
Authors: Le Corvec Véronique , Lézin Patrick , Cartiaux François-Baptiste
Published: January 2023

During the fire which took place on 15th April 2019, the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris underwent extensive structural damages: most of the roof was destroyed, part of the stone vaulted ceiling collapsed, and the wooden framework of the north tower was partially burned. After the fire, a list of actions was carried on in order to secure the remaining structure, prevent any further damage and start the rehabilitation. Very early on, a monitoring system was used to assist the project manager in these tasks. With the progress of site works, the monitoring system was updated to provide more insightful information. The present paper focuses on the monitoring system deployed on the towers and the stone vaulted ceiling with the objective to produce a first assessment of the current state and follow the evolution during the reconstruction phase. The monitoring campaign was carried out from December 2020 to December 2021 with two distinct sets of sensors. The first objective was to characterize the current state and identify the dynamic behavior of the structure, for that purpose 48 directional accelerometers were installed on the two towers and the two vaults lane. Acceleration measurements and analytical methods lead to the identification of the fundamental modes of these structural elements. In a second time, to follow the evolution of the vaults, 56 inclinometers were positioned on the outer side of the vaults, constituting 15 inclinometer measuring chains. Set up to transmit data continuously with a 10 min frequency, measurements allow to notify settlements or uprisings and correlate these evolutions with external factors (weather conditions or rehabilitation works).
Monitoring instabilities by MT-InSAR in a mesa placed town (Arjona, Guadalquivir valley, South Spain)
Authors: Ruiz-Armenteros Antonio Miguel , Sánchez-Gómez Mario , Delgado-Blasco José Manuel , Bakon Matus , Ruiz-Constán Ana , Galindo-Zaldívar Jesús , Lazecky Milan , Marchamalo-Sacristán Miguel , Sousa Joaquim J.
Published: January 2023

Cities in Spain use to be overgrown around old towns (preroman, roman and medieval) constructed on topographic defensive heights of singular geological features. In the upper Guadalquivir valley, a tabular body of Miocene sediments has been eroded forming mesas where most of its population has been living since middle age. As the towns grew, new neighborhoods settled towards the edges and cliffs of these mesas, in areas with high probabilities of instability. The town of Arjona is a good example of this geological-urbanistic setup, located on the tabular hill formed by clay marls topped by bioclastic limestones that protect it from erosion. Modern buildings from few sectors of the town show important cracks, even the 16th century bell-tower has a 4º inclination indicating problems in the foundations. Multi-temporal SAR interferometry (MT-InSAR) is a powerful technique to derive displacement time series over coherent targets on the Earth associated with geophysical or structural instabilities phenomena. In this work we use MT-InSAR with Sentinel-1 data to reveal that, at present day, the periphery of Arjona is active, being recognized a large landslide in the south side of this mesa town which affects buildings and civil infrastructures. In addition, field work is being carried out to investigate the sources of these instabilities.
Multispectral imaging for the documentation of graffiti in an urban environment
Authors: Rahrig Max , Lerma José Luis
Published: January 2023

Multispectral imaging (MSI) is increasingly used for the documentation and analysis of cultural heritage. It provides conservators a powerful non-destructive technique (NDT) and non-contact tool for detecting damage, hidden features and material-specific characteristics. Hereby multispectral documentation of wall paintings in an urban environment poses special challenges for the art expert. For example, these are often large works of art located outdoors on building façades. Excitation with artificial light in well-defined spectral ranges, as should ideally be the case in MSI, is therefore often not possible. In the following, low-cost variants of MSI (ultraviolet reflectography, visible light imaging and infrared reflectography) in combination with 3D photogrammetry and statistical methods for analysing image data are tested and discussed. Hereby, a metrically correct, large-scale documentation of wall paintings with accurate superimposed images of different spectral ranges will be generated by linking the MSI data in a photogrammetric image cluster to create individual texture maps for each spectral band. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to extract additional information from the MSI data. The case studies are located on the campus of the Universitat Politècnica de València.
REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITY IN MALAYSIA: IS SABAH CONVERGING, CATCHING-UP WITH OR FALLING BEHIND OTHER STATES IN MALAYSIA?
Authors: Habibullah Muzafar Shah , A. M. Dayang-Afizzah  , Lim Kian-Ping
Published: January 2023

Whether poor economies tend to converge towards rich ones or else to diverge over time is an issue that has attracted the attention of policymakers and academics alike for some decades. Economic convergence or divergence is a topic of considerable interest and debate, not only for validating or otherwise the two leading and competing growth models (the neoclassical and the endogenous growth approaches) but also for its policy-oriented implications. In Malaysia, the issue of economic convergence is also much debated. Despite the various Malaysia Plans for the past three decades, regional disparity between states remains. Thus, the objective of the present paper is to address the question whether the state of Sabah has been converging, catching-up or falling behind the other states in Malaysia. Using annual data for the period 1965 to 2003, our univariate unit root test result suggest that the state of Sabah has been catching-up with other states except with the state of Terengganu. In this respect, the local government has an important role to play in enhancing growth by providing stable economic environment for investment and other productive economic activities. This will ensure convergence can take place in the future.
FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION, WEIGHTED MONETARY AGGREGATES AND MONEY DEMAND IN INDONESIA
Authors: Puah Chin-Hong , Hiew Lee-Chea
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the significance of Divisia monetary aggregates in formulating the monetary policy in Indonesia. A money demand function has been constructed to compare the relative performance for Simple-sum M1 and M2 (SSM1 and SSM2) and Divisia M1 and M2 (DM1 and DM2) monetary aggregates. The econometrics testing procedures that have been utilized in the estimation include unit root test, cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Granger causality test and residual test. Empirical findings indicate that only DM1 model yields credible result amongst all of the money demand models. The obtained coefficients for DM1 model are consistent with a prior theoretical expectation and carry plausible magnitudes. The DM1 model is satisfactory as proven by the diagnostic tests. Divisia monetary aggregates are proven not only theoretical superior but also empirical valid as useful measurement of money for the case of Indonesia. The central bank of Indonesia may consider using Divisia monetary aggregates as the policy variables in formulating monetary policy.
Metode, Pendekatan Ilmiah, Model Pemikiran Dan Teori Revolusi Paradigma Thomas Samuel Kuhn
Authors: Shelly Alvareza Zazkia
Published: January 2023

Thomas S. Khun made a big contribution to the history of the philosophy of science, namely the broad realization of the theories he initiated in the social sciences. In social sciences such as education or politics in terms of figure of speech or parallelism, Kuhn's theory has been added. Kuhn considers history as the main lens in an effort to study fundamentals via epistemology. The purpose of this research is to find out the biography of Thomas S Kuhn, to explore the philosophical basis of Thomas S Kuhn's thinking, to find out the type of Thomas S Kuhn's paradigm and to find out the contribution of Thomas S Kuhn's Paradigm . This article was compiled using the library research method or literature study. The results of the study show that the scientific dynamics of education is able to contextualize Thomas S. Kuhn's thoughts about the process of the birth of science to be able to reach and gain knowledge and knowledge through a combination of problem solving activities of an educator which has a major influence in helping students achieve their expectations.
Perkembangan Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Indonesia (Kasus STAIN, IAIN, UIN Dan Perguruan Tinggi Islam)
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal
Published: January 2023

The development of Islamic universities in Indonesia began with the opening of the Islamic College (STI) in Jakarta in July 1945 before Indonesia's independence. After the formation of STI changed to UII (Islamic University of Indonesia). The next development of the religious faculty of UII was nationalized as PTAIN (State Islamic College), then the next phase came IAIN and STAIN, besides that, private Islamic higher education emerged, both in the form of universities, institutes, and high schools. Expansion of Islamic Higher Education as an effort to develop Islamic higher education in realizing higher quality and qualified Islamic higher education institutions and able to compete with PTUs in Indonesia. UII, UII Faculty of Religion became PTAIN, PTAIN and ADIA became IAIN, then IAIN became UIN. The conversion of IAIN/STAIN to UIN is a positive and constructive response to the challenges of a globalized world of education so as to produce graduates who have competitive adventage, reliable and strong competitiveness in facing the challenges of the times.
Analisis Pragmatik Kesantunan Berbahasa di Balai Pengajian Madinatul Jalal Bireuen Aceh
Authors: Jannah Rauzatul , Munirah Munirah , Jannah Misbahul
Published: January 2023

Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa di Balai Pengajian Madinatul Jalal Bireuen Aceh” ini mengangkat masalah bagaimana kesantunan berbahasa dalam tuturan thalabah dan Tengku di Balai Pengajian Madinatul Jalal Bireuen Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kesantunan berbahasa dalam tuturan thalabah dan Tengku di Balai Pengajian Madinatul Jalal Bireuen Aceh. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah thalabah dan Tengku. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan yang diucapkan thalabah dan Tengku yang berupa maksim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengamatan/observasi, simak, dan rekam. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang menganalisis tuturan pedagang dan pembeli berdasarkan teori maksim kesantunan yang disampaikan oleh Leech. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesantunan berbahasa di balai pengajian madinatul jalal, meliputi maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kesederhanaan, maksim pemufakatan/kecocokan, dan maksim kesimpatian.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Kerja Kelompok Siswa Kelas X-IPA SMA Negeri 1
Authors: Darma Amperawanto
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi melalui metode pembelajaran kerja kelompok siswa. Metode kerja kelompok dapat mendorong siswa untuk belajar aktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pendekatan pengajaran melalui metode pembelajaran kerja kelompok dengan menggunakan lembar kerja berstruktur cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Ekonomi, karena dengan pendekatan ini dapat mengaktifkan dan memotivasi siswa dalam mempelajari Ekonomi secara mendalam.
İzmir’de Gecekondu Mahallesinde Yaşayan Kadınların Evlilik, Boşanma ve Ataerkillik Anlayışı: Eşrefpaşa Mahallesi Örneği
Authors: ÇAĞIRKAN Barış , KARAHAN Hazal
Published: January 2023

Türkiye’de 1950’li yıllarda tarımda makineleşme ve hızlı sanayileşmeden dolayı kent merkezlerinde iş gücü açığının ortaya çıkması ile birlikte kırdan kente hızlı bir göç süreci başlamıştır. Özellikle büyük kentlere yapılan göçlerle birlikte göçmen gruplar barınma sorununu çözmek için yapı izni alınmaksızın, çoğunlukla kamusal ya da özel kişilerin arazileri üzerine, gizlice ve genellikle bir gecede bir ya da iki odalı barınaklar inşa etmiştir. Bu yapılar zamanla kentlerin siluetine eklenerek ‘gecekondu’ olarak toplumsal hayatta yerini almıştır. Kente göç eden aileler kırsalda bölgelerde belirgin olan geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet anlayışı ve rollerini gecekondu mahallelerinde sürdürmüştür. Çalışma, gecekonduda yaşayan kadınların evlilik, boşanma ve ataerkillik anlayışını ve bu anlayışı etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda İzmir ili Eşrefpaşa semtinde yaşayan 18-65 yaş aralığında toplam 21 kadın katılımcı ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda evlilik öncesi yaşam, evlenme nedenleri, boşanma ve ataerkillik olmak üzere dört farklı ana kategori üzerinden gecekonduda yaşayan kadınların evlilik, boşanma ve ataerkillik anlayışı incelenmiştir.
Three Literature Pictures of Jews and Muslims Co-existence in Ottoman Bosnia
Authors: Rebihić Nehrudin
Published: January 2023

The paper presents three literary images of the coexistence of Jews and Muslims in Ottoman Bosnia. The pictures chronologically represent a hodogram of coexistence from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century. The first picture is Sušić's short story Šta učini Don Daniel Rodriga, in which the author first shows the early relationship between Bosnian Muslims and Jews in trade between the Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic, and then the social controversies that accompanied that process. The second picture is based on Bašeski's Ljetopis and presents a picture of coexistence in the daily life of Sarajevo in the 18th century, where it does not only include the beautiful and positive, but also the negative representations. However, this picture shows the dynamic connections between Muslims and Jews at the national level, but also the differences and tensions conditioned by the social, religious, and political context. The third picture represents the positive relationship between Muslims and Jews in the example of literary representations of Sarajevo’s Purim. Here we analyze the different interpretations of this event, as well as how much they, regardless of evident contradictions, together influenced the shaping of the discourse about this holiday of Sarajevo’s Jews.
Higher Education in Brčko District BiH
Authors: Pašalić Enes
Published: January 2023

Education as a differentia specifica of man can not be reduced to an instrument of training individuals, by acquiring knowledge and skills, to achieve certain goals. With Hegel and his notion of "bildung", education is no longer treated as a means, but as an end in itself, an immanent moment of the historical development of individual self-awareness and the world spirit. The tradition of education in Brcko is rooted in religious education from the Ottoman period, with certain steps forward towards civic education in the periods of Austro-Hungarian rule, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and socialist Yugoslavia. The greatest strides in the field of education, Brcko has achieved in the economic and commercial scientific fields, especially after The Faculty of Economics was established in 1976. Unfortunately, in the period after the establishment of The Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2000, and the founding of private universities, higher education in Brcko has been reduced to goods and profit, a corrupt combination of politics and university management, that not only has distanced Brcko’s higher education from the ideal of Hegel's “bildung”, because it has never even been close to that ideal, but it also largely canceled the achievements of higher education in the economic and commercial scientific fields. Higher education in Brcko today produces educational fiction that has no basis in reality.
Historical Aspects of the Development of the Mediation Institute Before the Divorce of Marriage in Bosnia and Herzegovina with a Focus on Positive Legal and Sociological Aspects
Authors: Adilović Muharem , Huseinspahić Ajdin
Published: January 2023

Every social phenomenon has its own "life" cycle from origin and development to termination. It's the same with marriage. However, the termination of marriage should not produce negative consequences primarily for children, as subjects who did not decide on the formation or termination of marriage, but also for the family as a community of special social interest. That is why the institution of mediation has been established in the legal order, as a kind of "therapeutic" institute that should help overcome all the negative consequences of the end of a marriage, both on the part of the children and the spouse. The paper, therefore, emphasizes the constitutional foundations of marriage and the family, with a special focus on mediation before divorce, intending to analyze normative solutions and their application in practice, and offering de lege ferenda proposals in the existing constitutional and legal frameworks to help people when solving possible misunderstandings that can weaken marital bonds and destabilize the entire family system with their negative consequences. We focused special attention on the advantage of mediation in resolving marital disputes, and the most common contents of mediation during divorce are also listed. If problems arise in the marriage due to which it cannot survive, thereby losing its function, the spouses initiate a divorce case before the competent court. Before making the final decision on divorce, the spouses are obliged to turn to a competent mediator who will provide them with the necessary assistance to determine the possibility of survival of the marital union.
To collect the highest quality data, empirical research was conducted in cooperation with centers for social work throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, which we used when analyzing the current situation and synthesizing conclusions to improve it.
Addressing the student
Authors: Sangers Nina , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Hoeken Hans
Published: January 2023

Voice elements are those elements of educational texts that authors use to interact with students, such as questions, evaluations, or direct address forms (“you”). These elements are intended to enhance students’ engagement and comprehension, but we know little about the extent to which they are used in present-day educational texts. Using a corpus of Dutch biology, geography, and history texts for grade 5 and grade 8 (N=1055), this study shows that voice elements are barely differentiated over grade levels. Conversely, voice elements are generally diversified over school subjects, as they are less frequent in history texts, which convey readily imaginable and relatable content, compared to biology and geography texts, which discuss less relatable content for which students need to exert more effort to connect it to their own world. This finding suggests that authors of educational texts have intuitions about the conditions under which voice elements are a desirable attribute.
LAS SOCIEDADES DE CRISTAL: RETOS EN LA INTERVENCIÓN DESDE EL TRABAJO SOCIAL
Authors: Acevedo Alemán Jesús
Published: January 2023

En un mundo complejo y altamente tecnologizado, es de esperarse que se detone una evolución en la dinámica y conciencia humana. La globalización tecnológica y las maneras en las que viene impactando en la cognición, estilos de vida y las conductas sociales son directrices actuales de reflexión y análisis en el campo de las Ciencias Sociales y particularmente en el Trabajo Social. Disciplina científica que se centra en el estudio y análisis de las distintas necesidades y problemáticas sociales, de los diferentes grupos en situación de riesgo o vulnerabilidad, como puede ser, en las denominadas Sociedades Cristal. Grupos etarios distinguidos por su vinculación estrecha con la inteligencia artificial, y su manera en la que vienen interactuando frente a contextos altamente tecnologizados, y que ameritan, nuevos esquemas de acompañamiento y de atención. En tal sentido, en el presente texto, se exponen algunas reflexiones sobre las sociedades cristal, sus características e impresiones sobre el mundo global, con la intención de incitar el debate y la generación de una visión diferente para su abordaje, y generación de proyectos desde la perspectiva de un Trabajo Social transhumanista, movimiento tecno-filosófico que viene reconociendo la presencia de la inteligencia artificial y las interacciones humanas-emocionales en la vida cotidiana.
Automated detection and monitoring of methane super-emitters using satellite data
Authors: Schuit Berend J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Bijl Pieter , Mahapatra Gourav , Van den Berg Anne-Wil , Pandey Sudhanshu , Lorente Alba , Borsdorff Tobias , Houweling Sander , Varon Daniel J. , McKeever Jason , Jervis Dylan , Girard Marianne , Irakulis-Loitxate Itziar , Gorroño Javier , Guanter Luis , Cusworth Daniel H. , Aben Ilse
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A reduction in anthropogenic methane emissions is vital to limit near-term global warming. A small number of so-called super-emitters is responsible for a disproportionally large fraction of total methane emissions. Since late 2017, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has been in orbit providing daily global coverage of methane mixing ratios at a resolution of up to 7 × 5.5 km2, enabling the detection of these super-emitters. However, TROPOMI produces millions of observations each day, which together with the complexity of the methane data, makes manual inspection infeasible. We have therefore designed a two-step machine learning approach using a Convolutional Neural Network to detect plume-like structures in the methane data and subsequently apply a Support Vector Classifier to distinguish emission plumes from retrieval artefacts. The models are trained on pre-2021 data, and subsequently applied to all 2021 observations. We detect 2974 plumes in 2021 with a mean estimated source rate of 44 t h−1 and 5–95th percentile range of 8–122 t h−1. These emissions originate from 94 persistent emission clusters and hundreds of transient sources. Based on bottom-up emission inventories, we find that most detected plumes are related to urban areas/landfills (35 %), followed by plumes from gas infrastructure (24 %), oil infrastructure (21 %) and coal mines (20 %). For twelve (clusters of) TROPOMI detections, we "tip-and-cue" targeted observations and analysis of high-resolution satellite instruments to identify the exact sources responsible for these plumes. Using high-resolution observations from GHGSat, PRISMA and Sentinel-2, we detect and analyze both persistent and transient facility-level emissions underlying the TROPOMI detections. We find emissions from landfills and fossil fuel exploitation facilities, for the latter we find up to ten facilities contributing to one TROPOMI detection. Our automated TROPOMI-based monitoring system in combination with high-resolution satellite data allows for the detection, precise identification and monitoring of these methane super-emitters, which is essential for mitigating their emissions.
Measurement report: Aerosol vertical profiles over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES)
Authors: Gallo Francesca , Sanchez Kevin J. , Anderson Bruce E. , Bennett Ryan , Brown Matthew D. , Crosbie Ewan C. , Hostetler Chris , Jordan Carolyn , Yang Martin Melissa , Robinson Claire E. , Russell Lynn M. , Shingler Taylor J. , Shook Michael A. , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Wiggins Elizabeth B. , Winstead Edward L. , Wisthaler Armin , Ziemba Luke D. , Moore Richard H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The NASA North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) ship
and aircraft field campaign deployed to the western subarctic Atlantic
between the years 2015 and 2018. One of the primary goals of NAAMES is to
improve the understanding of aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) over the
Atlantic Ocean under different seasonal regimes. ACIs currently represent the
largest source of uncertainty in global climate models. During three NAAMES
field campaigns (NAAMES-1 in November 2015, NAAMES-2 in May 2016, and
NAAMES-3 in September 2017), multiple 10 h science flights were conducted
using the NASA C-130 aircraft to measure marine boundary layer aerosol and
cloud properties. The standard flight pattern includes vertical spirals
where the C-130 transitioned from high altitude to low altitude (and vice
versa), collecting in situ measurements of aerosols, trace gases, clouds, and
meteorological parameters as a function of altitude. We examine the data
collected from 37 spirals during the three NAAMES field campaigns, and we
present a comprehensive characterization of the vertical profiles of aerosol
properties under different synoptic conditions and aerosol regimes. The
vertical distribution of submicron aerosol particles exhibited strong
seasonal variation, as well as elevated intra-seasonal variability depending
on emission sources and aerosol processes in the atmospheric column.
Pristine marine conditions and new particle formation were prevalent in the
wintertime (NAAMES-1) due to low biogenic emissions from the surface ocean
and reduced continental influence. Higher concentrations of submicron
aerosol particles were observed in the spring (NAAMES-2) due to strong
phytoplankton activity and the arrival of long-range-transported continental
plumes in the free troposphere with subsequent entrainment into the marine
boundary layer. Biomass burning from boreal wildfires was the main source of
aerosol particles in the region during the late summer (NAAMES-3) in both
the marine boundary layer and free troposphere.
Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations
Authors: Kotthaus Simone , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Collaud Coen Martine , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Costa Maria João , Cimini Domenico , O'Connor Ewan J. , Hervo Maxime , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Jiménez-Portaz María , Mona Lucia , Ruffieux Dominique , Illingworth Anthony , Haeffelin Martial
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) defines the volume of air adjacent to the Earth's surface for the dilution of heat, moisture, and trace substances. Quantitative knowledge on the temporal and spatial variations in the heights of the ABL and its sub-layers is still scarce, despite their importance for a series of applications (including, for example, air quality, numerical weather prediction, greenhouse gas assessment, and renewable energy production). Thanks to recent advances in ground-based remote-sensing measurement technology and algorithm development, continuous profiling of the entire ABL vertical extent at high temporal and vertical resolution is increasingly possible. Dense measurement networks of autonomous ground-based remote-sensing instruments, such as microwave radiometers, radar wind profilers, Doppler wind lidars or automatic lidars and ceilometers are hence emerging across Europe and other parts of the world. This review summarises the capabilities and limitations of various instrument types for ABL monitoring and provides an overview on the vast number of retrieval methods developed for the detection of ABL sub-layer heights from different atmospheric quantities (temperature, humidity, wind, turbulence, aerosol). It is outlined how the diurnal evolution of the ABL can be monitored effectively with a combination of methods, pointing out where instrumental or methodological synergy are considered particularly promising. The review highlights the fact that harmonised data acquisition across carefully designed sensor networks as well as tailored data processing are key to obtaining high-quality products that are again essential to capture the spatial and temporal complexity of the lowest part of the atmosphere in which we live and breathe.
Mid-Holocene reinforcement of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation variability from a western Baltic lake sediment record
Authors: Czymzik Markus , Tjallingii Rik , Plessen Birgit , Feldens Peter , Theuerkauf Martin , Moros Matthias , Schwab Markus J. , Nantke Carla K. M. , Pinkerneil Silvia , Brauer Achim , Arz Helge W.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Knowledge about the timing, amplitude and spatial gradients of
Holocene environmental variability in the circum-Baltic region is key to
understanding its responses to ongoing climate change. Based on a multi-dating
and proxy approach, we reconstruct changes in productivity using total organic carbon (TOC)
contents in sediments of Lake Kälksjön (KKJ) from west–central
Sweden spanning the last 9612 (+255/-114) years. An exception is the
period from 1878 CE until today, in which sedimentation was dominated by
anthropogenic lake level lowering and land use. In-lake productivity was
higher during periods of warmer winters with shortened ice cover and
prolonged growing seasons. A multi-millennial increase in productivity
throughout the last ∼ 9600 years is associated with
progressively warmer winters in northwestern Europe, likely triggered by
the coinciding increase in Northern Hemisphere winter insolation. Decadal to
centennial periods of higher productivity in KKJ tend to correspond to
warmer winters during a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
polarity, as reconstructed for the last 8000 years. In consequence, we
assume our decadal to centennial productivity record from KKJ sediments for
the complete ∼ 9600 years to provide a qualitative record of
NAO polarity. A shift towards higher productivity variability at
∼ 5450 cal a BP is hypothesized to reflect a reinforcement of
NAO-like atmospheric circulation variability, possibly driven by more
vigorous changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation.
Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate
Authors: Zhai Shixian , Jacob Daniel J. , Pendergrass Drew C. , Colombi Nadia K. , Shah Viral , Yang Laura Hyesung , Zhang Qiang , Wang Shuxiao , Kim Hwajin , Sun Yele , Choi Jin-Soo , Park Jin-Soo , Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Younha , Dibb Jack E. , Lee Taehyoung , Han Jin-Seok , Anderson Bruce E. , Li Ke , Liao Hong
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Air quality network data in China and South Korea show very high year-round mass concentrations of coarse particulate matter (PM), as inferred by difference between PM10 and PM2.5. Coarse PM concentrations in 2015 averaged 52 μg m-3 in the North China Plain (NCP) and 23 μg m-3 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), contributing nearly half of PM10. Strong daily correlations between coarse PM and carbon monoxide imply a dominant source from anthropogenic fugitive dust. Coarse PM concentrations in the NCP and the SMA decreased by 21 % from 2015 to 2019 and further dropped abruptly in 2020 due to COVID-19 reductions in construction and vehicle traffic. Anthropogenic coarse PM is generally not included in air quality models but scavenges nitric acid to suppress the formation of fine particulate nitrate, a major contributor to PM2.5 pollution. GEOS-Chem model simulation of surface and aircraft observations from the KORUS-AQ campaign over the SMA in May–June 2016 shows that consideration of anthropogenic coarse PM largely resolves the previous model overestimate of fine particulate nitrate. The effect is smaller in the NCP which has a larger excess of ammonia. Model sensitivity simulations show that decreasing anthropogenic coarse PM over 2015–2019 directly increases PM2.5 nitrate in summer, offsetting half the effect of other emission controls, while in winter it increases the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to ammonia and sulfur dioxide emissions. Decreasing coarse PM helps to explain the flat wintertime PM2.5 nitrate trends observed in the NCP and the SMA despite decreases in nitrogen oxides and ammonia emissions. The continuing decrease of coarse PM from abating fugitive dust pollution will require more stringent nitrogen oxides and ammonia emission controls to successfully decrease PM2.5 nitrate.
The Framework for Assessing Changes To Sea-level (FACTS) v1.0-rc: A platform for characterizing parametric and structural uncertainty in future global, relative, and extreme sea-level change
Authors: Kopp Robert E. , Garner Gregory G. , Hermans Tim H. J. , Jha Shantenu , Kumar Praveen , Slangen Aimée B. A. , Turilli Matteo , Edwards Tamsin L. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Koubbe George , Levermann Anders , Merzky Andre , Nowicki Sophie , Palmer Matthew D. , Smith Chris
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Future sea-level rise projections are characterized by both quantifiable uncertainty and unquantifiable, structural uncertainty. Thorough scientific assessment of sea-level rise projections requires analysis of both dimensions of uncertainty. Probabilistic sea-level rise projections evaluate the quantifiable dimension of uncertainty; comparison of alternative probabilistic methods provide an indication of structural uncertainty. Here we describe the Framework for Assessing Changes To Sea-level (FACTS), a modular platform for characterizing alternative probability distributions of global mean, regional, and extreme sea-level rise. We demonstrate its application by generating seven alternative probability distributions under multiple alternative emissions scenarios for both future global mean sea level and future relative and extreme sea level at New York City. These distributions, closely aligned with those presented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report, emphasize the role of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet as drivers of structural uncertainty in sea-level rise projections.
Robust global detection of forced changes in mean and extreme precipitation despite observational disagreement on the magnitude of change
Authors: de Vries Iris Elisabeth , Sippel Sebastian , Pendergrass Angeline Greene , Knutti Reto
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Detection and attribution (D&A) of forced precipitation change are challenging due to internal variability, limited spatial, and temporal coverage of observational records and model uncertainty. These factors result in a low signal-to-noise ratio of potential regional and even global trends. Here, we use a statistical method – ridge regression – to create physically interpretable fingerprints for the detection of forced changes in mean and extreme precipitation with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The fingerprints are constructed using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model output masked to match coverage of three gridded precipitation observational datasets – GHCNDEX, HadEX3, and GPCC – and are then applied to these observational datasets to assess the degree of forced change detectable in the real-world climate in the period 1951–2020. We show that the signature of forced change is detected in all three observational datasets for global metrics of mean and extreme precipitation. Forced changes are still detectable from changes in the spatial patterns of precipitation even if the global mean trend is removed from the data. This shows the detection of forced change in mean and extreme precipitation beyond a global mean trend is robust and increases confidence in the detection method's power as well as in climate models' ability to capture the relevant processes that contribute to large-scale patterns of change. We also find, however, that detectability depends on the observational dataset used. Not only coverage differences but also observational uncertainty contribute to dataset disagreement, exemplified by the times of emergence of forced change from internal variability ranging from 1998 to 2004 among datasets. Furthermore, different choices for the period over which the forced trend is computed result in different levels of agreement between observations and model projections. These sensitivities may explain apparent contradictions in recent studies on whether models under- or overestimate the observed forced increase in mean and extreme precipitation. Lastly, the detection fingerprints are found to rely primarily on the signal in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, which is at least partly due to observational coverage but potentially also due to the presence of a more robust signal in the Northern Hemisphere in general.
Temporal evolution of crack propagation characteristics in a weak snowpack layer: conditions of crack arrest and sustained propagation
Authors: Bergfeld Bastian , van Herwijnen Alec , Bobillier Grégoire , Rosendahl Philipp L. , Weißgraeber Philipp , Adam Valentin , Dual Jürg , Schweizer Jürg
Published: January 2023

Abstract. For a slab avalanche to release, we need sustained crack propagation in a
weak snow layer beneath a cohesive snow slab – a process we call dynamic
crack propagation. Field measurements on crack propagation are very scarce.
We therefore performed a series of crack propagation experiments, up to 9 m long, over a period of 10 weeks and analysed these using digital image correlation techniques. We derived the elastic modulus of the slab (0.5 to 50 MPa), the elastic modulus of the weak layer (50 kPa to 1 MPa) and the specific fracture energy of the weak layer (0.1 to
1.5 J m−2) with a homogeneous and a layered-slab model. During crack propagation, we measured crack speed, touchdown distance, and the energy dissipation due to compaction and dynamic fracture (5 mJ m−2 to 0.43 J m−2). Crack
speeds were highest for experiments resulting in full propagation, and crack
arrest lengths were always shorter than touchdown lengths. Based on these
findings, an index for self-sustained crack propagation is proposed. Our
data set provides unique insight and valuable data to validate models.
Regression-based Main Bearing Load Estimation
Authors: Loriemi Amin , Jacobs Georg , Züch Vitali , Jakobs Timm , Bosse Dennis
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The premature failure of wind turbines due to unknown loads leads to a reduction in competitiveness compared to other energy sources. Especially the failure of main bearings results in high costs and downtimes, as for an exchange of this component the rotor needs to be demounted. Load monitoring systems can make a significant contribution to understand and prevent such failures. However, most load monitoring systems do not take into account the main bearing loads in particular as there is no commercially applicable measuring system for this purpose. This work shows how main bearing loads can be estimated using virtual sensors. For this purpose, several regression models are trained with test bench data considering strain and displacement signals. It is investigated with which combination of signal type and regression model the highest accuracy is achieved. The results show that for either using strain or displacement signals an appropriate accuracy can be achieved. In particular, it is shown that a linear regression with interactions already achieves good accuracy and that further increases in regression model complexity do not add significant value.
L’autofiction ou l’identité liquid(ée)e chez Werewere Liking
Authors: Koffi Damo Junior Vianney
Published: January 2023

À partir d’ Elle sera de jaspe et de corail, La mémoire amputée et L’espionne des ancêtres de Werewere Liking, cet article montre que les figurations liminales et éclatées du Je narrant, caractéristiques de l’autofictionnalisation de la romancière, ordonnance une liquidité (au sens de Zygmunt Bauman) de l’identité individuelle. Cette écriture liquide ou liquidée de l’identité du Sujet engage, par ailleurs, un discours de la crise du sujet féminin et de la faillite du social africain contemporain où l’on est désormais incrédule à l’égard du métarécit patriarcal.
A FORMALIZATION OF MINIMALIST SYNTAX IN AGDA
Authors: Доманов Олег Анатольевич
Published: January 2023

В статье представлен инструментарий для формализации синтаксических теорий в рамках минималистской программы Н. Хомского (Minimalist Program) в генеративной лингвистике. Он представляет собой набор формальных конструкций в языке Agda, позволяющих определить деревья вывода, синтаксические объекты и основные понятия минималистской теории - операцию соединения (Merge), признаки, копии, цепи, c-командование и др. В то же время, в формализме опущены операция согласования (Agree) и теория фаз.

The paper presents a toolset for the formalization of syntactic theories in the framework of Noam Chomsky’s Minimalist Program in generative linguistics. It comprises a set of formal instruments in Agda language, allowing to define derivation trees, syntactic objects and principal notions of minimalist theory - the operation Merge, features, copies, chains, c-command, etc. At the same time, the formalism omits the operation Agree and phase theory.