RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION OF CYBER PROTECTION AT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Authors: Mashtaliar Yana , Kozachok Valerii , Brzhevska Zoreslava , Bohdanov Oleksandr 
Published: January 2024

Critical infrastructure objects — infrastructure objects, systems, their parts and their totality, which are important for the economy, national security and defense, the malfunctioning of which can harm vital national interests. Classification of objects as critical infrastructure is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The assignment of banks, other entities operating in the financial services markets, state regulation and supervision of the activities of which is carried out by the National Bank of Ukraine, payment organizations, participants of payment systems, operators of payment infrastructure services is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the National Bank of Ukraine. Classification of objects to critical infrastructure, which carry out activities on the service markets, state regulation and supervision of the activities of which are carried out by state bodies, is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by such state bodies. Given the importance of cyber security in today's world, critical infrastructure objects are becoming a special target for cyber criminals and cyber threats. These facilities include energy systems, transportation, communication networks, medical facilities and other important sectors that ensure the necessary functioning of society. This article aims to analyze and review modern approaches used to ensure cyber security at critical infrastructure facilities. Research and implementation of the latest strategies and approaches in this area can help increase the level of protection of important systems, as well as detect and respond to new cyber threats, maintaining the reliability and functioning of society as a whole. The main aspects that should be considered when developing innovative approaches to protecting critical infrastructure objects from cyber threats: predictive threat analysis: Understanding potential cyber threats and their impact on critical infrastructure facilities. Detection of new attack vectors and vulnerabilities; development and implementation of the latest technologies: Use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain and other innovative technologies in the field of cyber defense to prevent attacks and detect security breaches; creation of integrated protection strategies, development of flexible and comprehensive cyber protection strategies that take into account the specifics of each sector of critical infrastructure objects and its needs; introduction of international standards and regulations, cooperation at the international level to establish a unified system of cyber protection standards and rules for critical infrastructure facilities. Cyber defense is constantly evolving, given the constant growth in the number and complexity of cyber threats. To increase the security of critical infrastructure facilities, it is important to consider a number of modern technological trends in cyber protection, namely: artificial intelligence and machine learning; blockchain and cryptography; Internet of Things (IoT) and protection of embedded systems; threat analytics and attack detection; automated means of protection; protection at the level of data processing. The study and implementation of these technological trends in the critical infrastructure sector allows to respond to the complexity of modern cyber threats and provides an increase in the security of systems in real time.