bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Lanlan , Wang Faxing , Tan Deming , Wang Gang , Yang Sheng , Yu Minghao , Zhang Jian , Feng Xinliang
Published: August 2019

The increasing demand on smart miniaturized electronics has greatly boosted the development of high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). However, the unsatisfied electrochemical performance (e. g., narrow potential window, low areal energy density) impedes their wide applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel type of nonaqueous Na‐ion hybrid MSC, using VS2 nanosheets grown on electrochemically exfoliated graphene (VS2@EG) as the negative electrode and activated carbon as the positive electrode in nonaqueous sodium‐ion electrolyte. Such constructed nonaqueous Na‐ion hybrid MSCs show a remarkable areal capacitance of 110.7 mF cm−2 at 0.2 mA cm−2 in a wide potential range of 0.01–3.5 V and an outstanding areal energy density of 188.3 μWh cm−2. Besides, an impressive cycling stability up to 5000 cycles without noticeable decay is also achieved for the nonaqueous Na‐ion hybrid MSCs. This new hybrid MSC holds great potential application in on‐chip electronics.
MOTS‐c: A Mitochondrial‐Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus
Authors: Benayoun Bérénice A. , Lee Changhan
Published: August 2019

Mitochondria are increasingly being recognized as information hubs that sense cellular changes and transmit messages to other cellular components, such as the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Nonetheless, the interaction between mitochondria and the nucleus is of special interest because they both host part of the cellular genome. Thus, the communication between genome‐bearing organelles would likely include gene expression regulation. Multiple nuclear‐encoded proteins have been known to regulate mitochondrial gene expression. On the contrary, no mitochondrial‐encoded factors are known to actively regulate nuclear gene expression. MOTS‐c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal RNA type‐c) is a recently identified peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene that has metabolic functions. Notably, MOTS‐c can translocate to the nucleus upon metabolic stress (e.g., glucose restriction and oxidative stress) and directly regulate adaptive nuclear gene expression to promote cellular homeostasis. It is hypothesized that cellular fitness requires the coevolved mitonuclear genomes to coordinate adaptive responses using gene‐encoded factors that cross‐regulate the opposite genome. This suggests that cellular gene expression requires the bipartite split genomes to operate as a unified system, rather than the nucleus being the sole master regulator.
Heat Shock Proteins in the “Hot” Mitochondrion: Identity and Putative Roles
Authors: Nasr Mohamed A. , Dovbeshko Galina I. , Bearne Stephen L. , El‐Badri Nagwa , Matta Chérif F.
Published: August 2019

The mitochondrion is known as the “powerhouse” of eukaryotic cells since it is the main site of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) production. Using a temperature‐sensitive fluorescent probe, it has recently been suggested that the stray free energy, not captured into ATP, is potentially sufficient to sustain mitochondrial temperatures higher than the cellular environment, possibly reaching up to 50 °C. By 50 °C, some DNA and mitochondrial proteins may reach their melting temperatures; how then do these biomolecules maintain their structure and function? Further, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates with temperature, implying higher oxidative stresses in the mitochondrion than generally appreciated. Herein, it is proposed that mitochondrial heat shock proteins (particularly Hsp70), in addition to their roles in protein transport and folding, protect mitochondrial proteins and DNA from thermal and ROS damage. Other thermoprotectant mechanisms are also discussed.
DNA G‐Quadruplexes (G4s) Modulate Epigenetic (Re)Programming and Chromatin Remodeling
Authors: Varizhuk Anna , Isaakova Ekaterina , Pozmogova Galina
Published: August 2019

Here, the emerging data on DNA G‐quadruplexes (G4s) as epigenetic modulators are reviewed and integrated. This concept has appeared and evolved substantially in recent years. First, persistent G4s (e.g., those stabilized by exogenous ligands) were linked to the loss of the histone code. More recently, transient G4s (i.e., those formed upon replication or transcription and unfolded rapidly by helicases) were implicated in CpG island methylation maintenance and de novo CpG methylation control. The most recent data indicate that there are direct interactions between G4s and chromatin remodeling factors. Finally, multiple findings support the indirect participation of G4s in chromatin reshaping via interactions with remodeling‐related transcription factors (TFs) or damage responders. Here, the links between the above processes are analyzed; also, how further elucidation of these processes may stimulate the progress of epigenetic therapy is discussed, and the remaining open questions are highlighted.
Survival Probability Dynamics of Scaled Brownian Motion: Effect of Nonstationary Property
Authors: Lee Hunki , Song Sanggeun , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Sung Jaeyoung
Published: August 2019

Scaled Brownian motion (SBM) is a popular model of nonstationary anomalous diffusion process. We here extend the SBM model to investigate the survival probability of stationary anomalous diffusion process. By making comparison between the SBM model and the stationary SBM model, we investigate the effect of stationarity on the first passage kinetics.
Optimization of immunohistochemical detection of collagen type II in osteochondral sections by comparing decalcification and antigen retrieval agent combinations
Authors: Amirtham Soosai Manickam , Ozbey Ozlem , Kachroo Upasana , Ramasamy Boopalan , Vinod Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Bone containing tissues such as osteochondral joint are resistant to routine tissue processing, therefore require decalcification. This technique causes removal of mineral salts, but in the process may macerate the organic tissue, hence the need for tissue fixation. Such severe processing demands careful antigen retrieval to necessitate optimal staining. The aim of our study was to compare five different antigen retrieval protocols (heat retrieval and protein digestion) following decalcification of rabbit knee joints using two different techniques (20% formic acid and 10% ethylenediamine‐tetra acetic acid: EDTA). Osteochondral sections were compared based on time required for decalcification, ease of sectioning, morphological integrity using HE staining and antigen preservation (Collagen type II) using immunohistochemistry. The two decalcification solutions did not impair the tissue morphology and ease of sectioning. Joints processed with formic acid decalcified four times faster than EDTA. Among the five antigen retrieval approaches, maximal collagen II uptake with minimal nonspecific staining was found with protein digestion (pronase and hyaluronidase) in both formic acid and EDTA sections. For osteo‐chondral sections, we recommend using 10% EDTA for decalcification and pronase plus hyaluronidase for antigen retrieval if maintaining tissue morphology is crucial, whereas if time is of the essence, 20% FA with pronase plus hyaluronidase is the faster option while still preserving structural integrity. Clin. Anat. 33:343–349, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Another (Internal) Epineurium: Beyond the Anatomical Barriers of Nerves
Authors: Reina Miguel A. , Boezaart André P. , Tubbs R. Shane , Zasimovich Yury , Fernández‐Domínguez Manuel , Fernández Paloma , Sala‐Blanch Xavier
Published: August 2019

The epineurium has been accepted as the outer anatomical barrier of the peripheral nerves. Our objective was to characterize the microanatomy of the layers surrounding nerves using different tissue‐specific staining methods. Two hundred forty‐two cross sections of human sciatic and median nerves, and brachial plexuses of eight fresh unembalmed cadavers, were examined. The samples were fixed in formaldehyde solution and stained with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, or epithelial membrane antigen under standard conditions. Because epithelial membrane antigen only stains the perineurium, we demonstrated using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome that there were different collagen layers inside and outside the nerves. All fascicles had a collagen layer that surrounded the perineurium and were in close contact with it, with no adipose tissue between them. Unlike the perineurium, this layer, an “internal epineurium,” contained no cells, and it surrounded one or a small group of fascicles. Bundling these fascicles or small groups of fascicles together was the true epineurium, and between the true and internal epineurium, we consistently found an adipose‐containing compartment. More proximal to this, the tibial and common peroneal nerves were bundled together by another collagen layer, the circumneurium, which also had a fat‐cell‐containing compartment deep to it. There were scattered collagen fibers among the adipocytes. Using tissue‐specific staining, we were able to demonstrate a collagen layer, the “internal epineurium.” Outside the nerves, we identified several fat‐containing concentric compartments. Those compartments were limited by collagen fiber layers that were also similar to the epineurium. Clin. Anat. 33:199–206, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning memory management with C‐Sim: A C‐based visual tool
Authors: Perez‐Schofield Baltasar García , Rivera Matías García , Ortin Francisco , Lado María J.
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, Computer Science (CS) students must cope with continuous challenges related to programming skill acquisition. In some occasions, they have to deal with the internals of memory management (pointers, pointer arithmetic, and heap management) facing a vision of programming from the low abstraction level offered by C. Even using C++ and references, not all scenarios where objects or collections of objects need to be managed can be covered. Based on the difficulties identified when dealing with such low‐level abstractions, the C‐Sim application, aimed at learning these concepts in an easy way, has been developed. To support the tool, the C programming language was selected. It allows showing concepts, remaining as close as possible both to the hardware and the operating system. To validate C‐Sim, pre and posttests were filled in by a group of 60 first‐year CS students, who employed the tool to learn about memory management. Grades of students using C‐Sim were also obtained and compared with those that did not use the tool the former academic year. As main outcomes, 82.26% of students indicated that they had improved programming and memory management knowledge, and 83.64% pointed out that the use of this type of tools improves the understanding and quality of the practice lessons. Furthermore, the marks of students have significantly increased. Finally, C‐Sim was designed from the ground up as a learning aid and can be useful for lecturers, who can complement their lessons using interactive demonstrations. Students can also employ it to experiment and learn autonomously.
Simulator‐based learning in the teaching of chemical engineering
Authors: Borreguero Ana M. , Valverde Jose L. , García‐Vargas Jesús M. , Sánchez‐Silva Luz
Published: August 2019

Advanced Chemical Processes subject used a learning methodology based on the practical cases solving and a global project work related with a process of the chemical industry. This subject has been raised at the University of Castilla–La Mancha (UCLM) as a nexus of knowledge, oriented towards the analysis of prospective flowsheets using simulators, such as Aspen Plus® and Aspen HYSYS®, applied to specific cases. This manuscript presents the activities, evaluating criteria, an example of the project work performed by students of the last year (sulfuric acid production) and the students’ satisfaction according to university surveys. The description of the project work example shows that the students were able to find and understand the data and information related to the industrial process suggested, using commercial software. Finally, the survey results for the subject evaluation conducted by the UCLM are shown, indicating high student satisfaction with the learning process.
Take Two – Implementing a Therapeutic Service for Children who have Experienced Abuse and Neglect: Beyond Evidence‐Informed Practice
Authors: Frederico Margarita , Jackson Annette , Black Carlina , Pawsey Ric , Cox Allison
Published: August 2019

Helping children recover from the impact of child abuse and neglect is complicated by the limited evidence available on programme effectiveness and efficacy. This paper describes the implementation of a therapeutic service, in Victoria, Australia, known as Take Two, and provides a profile of client characteristics. The paper describes some of the barriers to children in the child protection system accessing therapeutic or mental health services and the approach attempted to overcome these barriers. The Take Two Practice Framework and the subsequent contribution of the Child Trauma Academy's Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics are discussed. There is exploration of evidence‐based practice and how this and related concepts are considered in the evolving theory of change and the Practice Framework. This includes consideration of what else is needed to supplement the evidence. The paper provides a useful model for other agencies that are planning or implementing a therapeutic programme for children traumatised by abuse and neglect.

‘Describes the implementation of a therapeutic service, in Victoria, Australia, known as Take Two, and provides a profile of client characteristics’

Key Practitioner Messages

Systematic reviews conclude that there is insufficient evidence to allow reliance on any single intervention with this client group.

This poses a genuine dilemma for services that aim to utilise evidence‐informed interventions but find their offerings limited.

Taking a research‐based and evidence‐informed approach with a strong theory of change has assisted one such programme to respond to this dilemma.
Cell Fuelling and Metabolic Energy Conservation in Synthetic Cells
Authors: Sikkema Hendrik R. , Gaastra Bauke F. , Pols Tjeerd , Poolman Bert
Published: August 2019

We are aiming for a blue print for synthesizing (moderately complex) subcellular systems from molecular components and ultimately for constructing life. However, without comprehensive instructions and design principles, we rely on simple reaction routes to operate the essential functions of life. The first forms of synthetic life will not make every building block for polymers de novo according to complex pathways, rather they will be fed with amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides. Controlled energy supply is crucial for any synthetic cell, no matter how complex. Herein, we describe the simplest pathways for the efficient generation of ATP and electrochemical ion gradients. We have estimated the demand for ATP by polymer synthesis and maintenance processes in small cell‐like systems, and we describe circuits to control the need for ATP. We also present fluorescence‐based sensors for pH, ionic strength, excluded volume, ATP/ADP, and viscosity, which allow the major physicochemical conditions inside cells to be monitored and tuned.
Safety and efficacy of hybrid vascular closure technique using both a suture‐ and collagen‐mediated closure device after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Al‐Ani Ahmed , Hoffmann Pavel , von Lueder Thomas , Opdahl Anders
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical utility and feasibility of a hybrid technique for obtaining vascular hemostasis by combining a suture‐ and a collagen‐mediated system after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF TAVI) in a real‐world setting.

Methods

In 75 consecutive TF TAVI procedures, we investigated a hybrid closing method to achieve hemostasis at the large bore puncture site using a combination of one presuture closure system (ProGlide) and one collagen‐mediated system (Angio‐Seal). Vascular complications at puncture site were recorded until discharge.

Results

Successful hemostasis by the hybrid technique was achieved in 74 out of 75 patients, and the method was well tolerated by all patients. In 73 patients, (97.3%) neither puncture site related complications nor serious early or late bleedings were observed during a median hospital stay of 2 days postprocedure.

Conclusion

This single‐center registry study indicates that a percutaneous hybrid closure technique is safe and efficacious in closing large bore arteriotomies. It is an easy and reliable technique that may contribute to simplifying TAVI procedures.

Study registration

The data was collected from an internal quality control registry on treatment of patients with valvular heart disease with or without coronary artery disease, No 2014/17280, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål.
Aortic dissection after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Martinez Quintero Beatriz , Voss Matthew R.
Published: August 2019

Aortic dissection is a rare but life‐ threatening complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, clinicians should be aware of this complication and should consider timely diagnostic evaluations, as well as, establish a prompt treatment plan based on a multidisciplinary team approach.
Confined Metal Sulfides Nanoparticles into Porous Carbon Nanosheets with Surface‐Controlled Reactions for Fast and Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Dongfei , Wang Li , Li Yanli , Yang Yaoxia , Zhou Xiaozhong , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang
Published: August 2019

To achieve high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the ion diffusion behavior in electrode materials is a challenging issue. Herein, 2D FeS/porous carbon nanosheets (FeS@PCSs) hybrids were successfully prepared by a facile, low‐cost strategy involving metal salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and in situsulfuration process. The unique 2D structure is conducive to shorten the ion diffusion distance, buffer the volume change of FeS nanoparticles, as well as provide abundant sites for Li+ storage. Benefiting from the unique structure, the FeS@PCSs electrode exhibits high surface reaction contributions. When investigated as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared FeS@PCSs electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (1026.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (647.2 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and 561.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (888.7 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 over 800 cycles). This work provides a cost‐effective and scalable route to synthesis the 2D carbon‐based transition metal compounds as high‐performance LIBs anodes.
PAH/PAH(CF3)n Donor/Acceptor Charge‐Transfer Complexes in Solution and in Solid‐State Co‐Crystals
Authors: Castro Karlee P. , Bukovsky Eric V. , Kuvychko Igor V. , DeWeerd Nicholas J. , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Deng Shihu H. M. , Wang Xue‐Bin , Popov Alexey A. , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V.
Published: August 2019

A solution, solid‐state, and computational study is reported of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH/PAH(CF3)n donor/acceptor (D/A) charge‐transfer complexes that involve six PAH(CF3)n acceptors with known gas‐phase electron affinities that range from 2.11(2) to 2.805(15) eV and four PAH donors, including seven CT co‐crystal X‐ray structures that exhibit hexagonal arrays of mixed π‐stacks with 1/1, 1/2, or 2/1 D/A stoichiometries (PAH=anthracene, azulene, coronene, perylene, pyrene, triphenylene; n=5, 6). These are the first D/A CT complexes with PAH(CF3)n acceptors to be studied in detail. The nine D/A combinations were chosen to allow several structural and electronic comparisons to be made, providing new insights about controlling D/A interactions and the structures of CT co‐crystals. The comparisons include, among others, CT complexes of the same PAH(CF3)n acceptor with four PAH donors and CT complexes of the same donor with four PAH(CF3)n acceptors. All nine CT complexes exhibit charge‐transfer bands in solution with λmax between 467 and 600 nm. A plot of E(λmax) versus [IE(donor)−EA(acceptor)] for the nine CT complexes studied is linear with a slope of 0.72±0.03 eV eV−1. This plot is the first of its kind for CT complexes with structurally related donors and acceptors for which precise experimental gas‐phase IEs and EAs are known. It demonstrates that conclusions based on the common assumption that the slope of a CT E(λmax) versus [IE−EA] plot is unity may be incorrect in at least some cases and should be reconsidered.
Photoinitiated Charge Transfer in a Triangular Silver(I) Hydride Complex and Its Oxophilicity
Authors: Kruppa Sebastian V. , Groß Cedric , Gui Xin , Bäppler Florian , Kwasigroch Björn , Sun Yu , Diller Rolf , Klopper Wim , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Riehn Christoph , Thiel Werner R.
Published: August 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue are the research groups of Rolf Diller, Gereon Niedner‐Schatteburg, Christoph Riehn and Werner R. Thiel from the TU Kaiserslautern (TUK) and the group of Wim Klopper of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) collaborating within the research center “3MET” (SFB/TRR 88). The image depicts the photoinitiated charge transfer within a phosphine‐stabilized triangular silver hydride complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201901981.
Synthesis of Sultones from Chlorosulfates by a Complex Cascade Reaction Occurring under Mild Thermal Conditions
Authors: Cala Lara , Rivilla Iván , Cossío Fernando P. , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix
Published: August 2019

Chlorosulfate derivatives are interesting reagents that have been traditionally used to get other sulfur‐containing compounds by formal nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom. This work describes a different mode of reactivity of alkyne‐containing chlorosulfates to get sultones, the sulfur analogues of lactones. The complex skeletal rearrangement observed in this transformation is comparable to those intricate processes promoted or catalyzed by organometallic compounds. However, the reaction here described does not require any reagent or additive, being just a thermal process. Computational calculations support a mechanism based on a series of cascade reactions where almost every step is counterintuitive. Some of these steps include original processes related to classical reactions, thus adding complementary views to traditional organic chemistry.
Wird es möglich sein, ausgestorbene Arten wiederzubeleben?
Authors: Dänzer Tatjana
Published: August 2019

Lediglich ein paar Jahre bevor mit Dolly 1996 der erste überlebende Klon eines Schafes geboren wurde, kam der Film Jurassic Park in die Kinos. Er basiert auf dem gleichnamigen Roman von Michael Crichton, in dem Wissenschaftler genetisches Material, das von Fossilien gewonnen wurde, in Amphibieneier einbringen und so verschiedenste Dinosaurier wieder zum Leben erwecken.
Identification of significant geographic clustering of polycythemia vera cases in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Le Michelle , Ghazawi Feras M. , Rahme Elham , Alakel Akram , Netchiporouk Elena , Savin Evgeny , Zubarev Andrei , Glassman Steven J. , Sasseville Denis , Popradi Gizelle , Litvinov Ivan V.
Published: August 2019

Background

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm associated at times with debilitating symptoms and a significant mortality rate. Understanding the demographics, epidemiology, and geography of this disease may provide further insight into important risk factors associated with its development. The objective of this study was to analyze patient demographics, incidence, and mortality rates, as well as the geographic distribution of PV patients in Canada between 1992 and 2010.

Methods

This study was achieved by analyzing the Canadian Cancer Registry, Le Registre Québécois du Cancer, and the Canadian Vital Statistics patient databases.

Results

A total of 4645 patients were diagnosed with PV between 1992 and 2010. While the annual incidence rate of this cancer fluctuated in Canada, mortality rate analysis indicated a decreasing trend. Geographically, PV incidence rates were notably elevated in the province of Quebec compared with the Canadian average. Further analysis of high‐incidence forward sortation areas indicated a striking clustering of cases in the H4W region encompassing the Côte‐Saint‐Luc borough of Montreal, with an incidence of 102.97 (95% confidence interval, 75.11‐137.79) cases per million per year, which is >13 times the national average.

Conclusion

The residential area of Côte‐Saint‐Luc is an important PV cluster in Canada, with high concentration of retirement homes and geriatric hospices. Also, Jewish residents comprise >60% of the population in this neighborhood. These findings suggest that an older age and, potentially, an inherent genetic predisposition may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this malignancy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PV burden/geographic distribution of cases in Canada.
Multicenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized study of fosnetupitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Sugawara Shunichi , Inui Naoki , Kanehara Masashi , Morise Masahiro , Yoshimori Kozo , Kumagai Toru , Fukui Tomoya , Minato Koichi , Iwashima Akira , Takeda Yuichiro , Kubota Kaoru , Saeki Toshiaki , Tamura Tomohide
Published: August 2019

Background

The current randomized, double‐blind, phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety profile of a single intravenous administration of fosnetupitant, a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist prodrug, for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in Japanese patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin (at a dose of ≥70 mg/m2)‐based regimens were randomly assigned to receive fosnetupitant at a dose of 81 mg or 235 mg or placebo in combination with palonosetron at a dose of 0.75 mg and dexamethasone. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR; no vomiting and no rescue medication) during the overall phase (0‐120 hours). The overall CR rate was compared between each dose of fosnetupitant and the placebo group adjusting for the stratification factors of sex and age class (age <55 years vs age ≥55 years). Safety was assessed, with special attention given to events that potentially were suggestive of infusion site reactions.

Results

A total of 594 patients were randomized. Of these, 194 patients, 195 patients, and 195 patients, respectively, in the placebo and fosnetupitant 81‐mg and 235‐mg dose groups were evaluable for efficacy. The overall CR rate was 54.7% for the placebo group, 63.8% for the fosnetupitant 81‐mg dose group (adjusted difference, 9.1%; 95% CI, ‐0.4% to 18.6% [P = .061]), and 76.8% for the fosnetupitant 235‐mg dose group (adjusted difference, 22.0%; 97.5% CI, 11.7% to 32.3% [P < .001]). Safety profiles were comparable between the 3 groups. The incidence of infusion site reactions related to fosnetupitant was ≤1% in each dose group.

Conclusions

Fosnetupitant at a dose of 235 mg provided superior prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting among patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with the control group, and with a satisfactory safety profile.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Studies of Teriflunomide in Healthy Iranian Volunteers
Authors: Rouini Mohammad‐Reza , Dibaei Maryam , Ghasemian Elham
Published: August 2019

Multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration, is considered a chronic disease of the central nervous system. Given the lack of pharmacokinetic evaluation of teriflunomide in the Iranian context, the present 2‐way crossover study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 teriflunomide formulations. To this end, 2 single‐dose generic and branded teriflunomide formulations were orally administered to 14 healthy Iranian male volunteers. A washout period of 21 days was allowed between the treatments. The plasma samples containing teriflunomide were analyzed by a simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method using standard ultraviolet detection. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for bioequivalence evaluation. The peak area ratio between the teriflunomide and the internal standard was the source of calibration curves, which were linear over the range of 20‐40,000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9994). The results indicated that the 2 formulations had similar pharmacokinetics. Further, the 90%CI of the mean ratios of the test versus the reference formulations of log‐transformed area under the concentration‐time curve over 72 hours (93% to 107%) and peak concentration (92% to 108%) were within the acceptable range of 80% to 125%. Based on the obtained results, the test formulation of teriflunomide could be similar to that of the reference formulation.
Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials
Authors: Song Ruxin , Wang Zi , Zhou Xu , Huang Lizhen , Chi Lifeng
Published: August 2019

Organic π‐conjugated materials, which have advantages of tailorable chemical structures, solution processability, and mechanical flexibility, are promising candidates for applications in low‐cost, portable gas sensors that operate at room temperature. Nevertheless, there are still challenging issues in the development of organic semiconductor gas sensors because of issues such as relatively poor sensitivity, slow response, and low recovery. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of gas sensors based on organic conjugated materials and discuss the critical factors related to the sensor performance and the operation mechanism. We highlight six types of typical materials from small molecule to polymer semiconductors with respect to their performance in detecting different gas species through morphology control and molecular engineering. Critical factors from gas kinetics to sensor‐analyte interaction are briefly discussed, together with an examination of sensing mechanisms.
Automatic detection of eating disorder‐related social media posts that could benefit from a mental health intervention
Authors: Yan Hao , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Goodman Micah , Krauss Melissa , Das Sanmay , Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia
Published: August 2019

Objective

Online forums allow people to semi‐anonymously discuss their struggles, often leading to greater honesty. This characteristic makes forums valuable for identifying users in need of immediate help from mental health professionals. Because it would be impractical to manually review every post on a forum to identify users in need of urgent help, there may be value to developing algorithms for automatically detecting posts reflecting a heightened risk of imminent plans to engage in disordered behaviors.

Method

Five natural language processing techniques (tools to perform computational text analysis) were used on a data set of 4,812 posts obtained from six eating disorder‐related subreddits. Two licensed clinical psychologists labeled 53 of these posts, deciding whether or not the content of the post indicated that its author needed immediate professional help. The remaining 4,759 posts were unlabeled.

Results

Each of the five techniques ranked the 50 posts most likely to be intervention‐worthy (the “top‐50”). The two most accurate detection techniques had an error rate of 4% for their respective top‐50.

Discussion

This article demonstrates the feasibility of automatically detecting—with only a few dozen labeled examples—the posts of individuals in need of immediate mental health support for an eating disorder.
FragSAD: A database of diversity and species abundance distributions from habitat fragments
Authors: Chase Jonathan M. , Liebergesell Mario , Sagouis Alban , May Felix , Blowes Shane A. , Berg Åke , Bernard Enrico , Brosi Berry J. , Cadotte Marc W. , Cayuela Luis , Chiarello Adriano G. , Cosson Jean‐Francois , Cresswell Will , Dami Filibus Danjuma , Dauber Jens , Dickman Chris R. , Didham Raphael K. , Edwards David P. , Farneda Fábio Z. , Gavish Yoni , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Guadagnin Demetrio Luis , Henry Mickaël , López‐Baucells Adrià , Kappes Heike , Mac Nally Ralph , Manu Shiiwua , Martensen Alexandre Camargo , McCollin Duncan , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Neckel‐Oliveira Selvino , Nogueira André , Pons Jean‐Marc , Raheem Dinarzarde C. , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Rocha Ricardo , Sam Katerina , Slade Eleanor , Stireman John O. , Struebig Matthew J. , Vasconcelos Heraldo , Ziv Yaron
Published: August 2019

Habitat destruction is the single greatest anthropogenic threat to biodiversity. Decades of research on this issue have led to the accumulation of hundreds of data sets comparing species assemblages in larger, intact, habitats to smaller, more fragmented, habitats. Despite this, little synthesis or consensus has been achieved, primarily because of non‐standardized sampling methodology and analyses of notoriously scale‐dependent response variables (i.e., species richness). To be able to compare and contrast the results of habitat fragmentation on species’ assemblages, it is necessary to have the underlying data on species abundances and sampling intensity, so that standardization can be achieved. To accomplish this, we systematically searched the literature for studies where abundances of species in assemblages (of any taxa) were sampled from many habitat patches that varied in size. From these, we extracted data from several studies, and contacted authors of studies where appropriate data were collected but not published, giving us 117 studies that compared species assemblages among habitat fragments that varied in area. Less than one‐half (41) of studies came from tropical forests of Central and South America, but there were many studies from temperate forests and grasslands from all continents except Antarctica. Fifty‐four of the studies were on invertebrates (mostly insects), but there were several studies on plants (15), birds (16), mammals (19), and reptiles and amphibians (13). We also collected qualitative information on the length of time since fragmentation. With data on total and relative abundances (and identities) of species, sampling effort, and affiliated meta‐data about the study sites, these data can be used to more definitively test hypotheses about the role of habitat fragmentation in altering patterns of biodiversity. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper and the associated Dryad data set if the data are used in publications.
Direct Synthesis of Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides and Trifluoromethylamines Through Fluorinative Desulfurization
Authors: Onida Killian , Vanoye Laurent , Tlili Anis
Published: August 2019

Herein, a straightforward synthesis of thiocarbamoyl fluorides is reported starting from amines and carbon disulfide. The key to success is the fluorinative desulfurization of carbon disulfide with (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (DAST). The title compounds were obtained in moderate to very good isolated yields. Furthermore, we demonstrated also that thiocarbamoyl fluoride can be converted into their trifluoromethylamine analogues through simple treatment with silver fluoride.
A novel short‐wall caving zone backfilling technique for controlling mining subsidence
Authors: Liu Wenbing , Xu Jingmin , Zhu Weibing , Wang Sihua
Published: August 2019

Mining‐induced voids are the main circulation pathways for underground fluids such as water and coalbed methane. The collapse of these voids transmits to the ground surface, resulting in subsidence and building collapse. Accordingly, effective and feasible solutions are needed to control surface subsidence. In this study, a novel technique of void filling in the short‐wall caving zone was proposed to better control surface subsidence in thin coal seam mining. The width of the working face plays a key role in the proposed technique. A maximum surface subsidence value was predicted using numerical simulation and physical simulation experiments with different working face widths. The results indicate that the appropriate working face width should be less than 50 m for the studied coal mine. In this example, the surface subsidence coefficient was less than the standard value for initial damage to rural structures. Both advancing speed and productivity of the working face were achieved using the proposed technique because the filling and mining processes were conducted simultaneously on different faces. The results suggest that surface subsidence during thin coal seam mining could be controlled using the proposed technique. This technique can also help mitigate mining‐induced water inrush and gas leakage disasters by filling voids.
Methylation and gene expression differences between reproductive and sterile bumblebee workers
Authors: Marshall Hollie , Lonsdale Zoë N. , Mallon Eamonn B.
Published: August 2019

Phenotypic plasticity is the production of multiple phenotypes from a single genome and is notably observed in social insects. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms have been associated with social insect plasticity, with DNA methylation being explored to the greatest extent. DNA methylation is thought to play a role in caste determination in Apis mellifera, and other social insects, but there is limited knowledge on its role in other bee species. In this study, we analyzed whole genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq data sets from head tissue of reproductive and sterile castes of the eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris. We found that genome-wide methylation in B. terrestris is similar to other holometabolous insects and does not differ between reproductive castes. We did, however, find differentially methylated genes between castes, which are enriched for multiple biological processes including reproduction. However, we found no relationship between differential methylation and differential gene expression or differential exon usage between castes. Our results also indicate high intercolony variation in methylation. These findings suggest that methylation is associated with caste differences but may serve an alternate function, other than direct caste determination in this species. This study provides the first insights into the nature of a bumblebee caste-specific methylome as well as its interaction with gene expression and caste-specific alternative splicing, providing greater understanding of the role of methylation in phenotypic plasticity within social bee species. Future experimental work is needed to determine the function of methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms in insects.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in association with Torulaspora delbrueckii on the aroma and amino acids in longan wines
Authors: Sanoppa Kanokchan , Huang Tzou‐Chi , Wu Ming‐Chang
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of monocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii as well as simultaneous and sequential cultures of S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii on the nonvolatile and volatile compounds in longan wines. The four cultures had similar characteristics in longan wines. The main amino acids in all the fermentations were glutamic acid, arginine, alanine, leucine, proline, and GABA. The main volatile compounds in longan wines were ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2‐phenylethanol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl acetate, which can contribute more desired aroma compounds in wines. Among the four treatments, the longan wine fermented with the simultaneous culture produced the highest total volatile aroma content (345.26 mg/L). The simultaneous culture also had a better ability to generate a high level of the main volatile compounds in longan wines and also could achieve a noticeable intensity of floral and fruity aromas of wine as evaluated by calculation of the odor activity values.
Conventional and food‐to‐food fortification: An appraisal of past practices and lessons learned
Authors: Chadare Flora Josiane , Idohou Rodrigue , Nago Eunice , Affonfere Marius , Agossadou Julienne , Fassinou Toyi Kévin , Kénou Christel , Honfo Sewanou , Azokpota Paulin , Linnemann Anita R. , Hounhouigan Djidjoho J.
Published: August 2019

Food fortification is an important nutrition intervention to fight micronutrient deficiencies and to reduce their incidence in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Food fortification approaches experienced a significant rise in the recent years and have generated a lot of criticism. The present review aimed to shed light on the actual effect of food fortification approaches on the reduction of malnutrition. A set of 100 articles and reports, which have dealt with the impact of food fortification on malnutrition, were included in this review. This review identified a broad selection of local raw materials suitable for a food‐to‐food fortification approach.
Predicting radiation dosimetric distribution in different regions of the jaw in patients receiving radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
Authors: Tsai Chiaojung Jillian , Verma Nipun , Owosho Adepitan A. , Hilden Patrick , Leeman Jonathan , Yom SaeHee , Huryn Joseph M. , Lee Nancy Y. , Estilo Cherry L.
Published: August 2019

Background

Radiotherapy (RT), the main treatment for patients with head and neck cancer, can lead to dental complications.

Methods

We identified 244 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated with RT from 2004 to 2013. For each patient, we contoured the 10 tooth‐bearing regions and calculated the radiation dose (gray, Gy) to each region. From this data set, we built two predictive models to determine the expected maximum radiation dose, one for the non‐molar regions and another for the molar regions.

Results

For the non‐molars, the final model included location, T‐classification, and overall stage, with a median absolute prediction error of 7.0 Gy. For the molars, the final model included location, T‐classification, overall stage, and treatment year, with a median absolute error of 6.0 Gy.

Conclusions

Our current model offers a good estimation of the maximum radiation dose delivered to different regions of the jaw; future work will independently validate these models.
Vitamin D Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Protects Against Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice
Authors: Zhou Ying , Dong Bingning , Kim Kang Ho , Choi Sungwoo , Sun Zhen , Wu Nan , Wu Yifan , Scott Jessica , Moore David D.
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims

Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whether triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, can be resolved by the unfolded protein response (UPR). Sustained UPR activation leads to cell death and inflammatory response and contributes to liver disease progression. Hepatic tissue macrophages are key players in orchestrating liver inflammation, and ER stress can enhance macrophage activation. However, it is not well defined how the interplay between ER stress and inflammation is regulated during hepatic stress response.

Approach and Results

Here we demonstrate that vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation mitigates hepatic ER stress response, whereas VDR knockout mice undergo persistent UPR activation and apoptosis in response to chemical ER stress inducer. Moreover, VDR deficiency promotes hepatic macrophage infiltration and increases gene expression and systematic levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α. VDR expression is induced in hepatic macrophages by ER stress, and VDR plays a dual regulatory role in macrophages by protecting against ER stress and promoting anti‐inflammatory polarization. Co‐culture with VDR‐activated bone marrow–derived macrophages suppresses UPR target genes in primary hepatocytes treated with ER stress inducers. Thus, the immunomodulatory functions of VDR in macrophages are critical in hepatic ER stress resolution in mice.

Conclusions

VDR signaling in macrophages regulates a shift between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activation during ER stress–induced inflammation to promote hepatic ER stress resolution.
Assessment of Transporter Polymorphisms as a Factor in a BCRP Drug Interaction Study With Lanabecestat
Authors: Willis Brian A. , Andersen Scott W. , Ayan‐Oshodi Mosun , James Douglas E. , Liffick Emily , Hillgren Kathleen , Guo Yingying , Monk Scott A.
Published: August 2019

Lanabecestat is a human β‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor in development to slow disease progression in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. The study evaluated the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition potential of lanabecestat on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rosuvastatin, a probe for BCRP activity, in healthy white subjects who were not carriers of SLCO1B1 (c.521T>C), not homozygotes for ABCG2 (c.421C>A or c.34G>A), and not heterozygotes of ABCG2 (c.421C>A and c.34G>A). The safety of lanabecestat + rosuvastatin, the effects of rosuvastatin on the PK of lanabecestat, and the effects of multiple genetic polymorphisms on rosuvastatin exposure were assessed. Geometric mean ratios of the maximum observed rosuvastatin concentration (Cmax), area under the rosuvastatin concentration‐versus‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to infinity, and time of maximum observed drug concentration (tmax) when rosuvastatin was administered alone and with lanabecestat were contained within 0.8‐1.25, as were lanabecestat AUC at steady state and tmax at steady state when lanabecestat was administered alone or with rosuvastatin. Lanabecestat Cmax at steady state increased 8% in the presence of rosuvastatin. Except for an approximately 80% increase of rosuvastatin AUC (P < .05) in the heterozygotes of ABCG2 c.421C>A relative to the CC genotype, there were no statistically significant associations between rosuvastatin exposure and polymorphisms assessed. Lanabecestat + rosuvastatin was associated with few treatment‐emergent adverse events, all of which resolved and were mild. Lanabecestat does not meaningfully impact BCRP activity; therefore, restriction of concomitant administration with BCRP substrates, such as rosuvastatin, may be unnecessary.
Sericin‐coated polymeric microfiltration membrane for removal of drug‐based micropollutants
Authors: Verma Vishal Kumar , Subbiah Senthilmurugan
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Drug‐based micropollutants present in water sources are proven to be persistent, bioactive and toxic even at low concentration for human consumption. Therefore, the complete removal of the drugs from water is crucial to avoid long‐term medical complications. In the present study, a novel sericin‐coated adsorptive microfiltration (MF) membrane is used for the removal of drug‐based micropollutants.

RESULTS

The sericin‐coated membrane was tested for removal of different classes of drugs from water. The membrane completely removed NSAIDs and antibiotics from water at 20 μg L−1 concentration. The adsorption mechanism was profoundly influenced by charge‐based interaction and hydrogen bonding, hence charged anionic drugs were more effectively removed than uncharged drugs. In multidrug mixtures, the removal efficiency was observed in the following sequence; ibuprofen > diclofenac > amoxicillin > ciprofloxacin > estrone > β‐estradiol. Desorption of the drugs from the membrane surface can be effectively controlled by altering the pH of the membrane‐cleaning solution. Presence of other inorganic salts in the aqueous drug solution did not interfere with the removal efficiency of the sericin‐coated membrane. The performance of sericin‐coated membrane was studied using continuous adsorptive membrane filtration approach. The dynamic adsorption behavior of a fixed‐bed membrane column was predicted using Bohart–Adams model. The model can predict the adsorption breakthrough curve with minimum experimental error.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reveals the unique application of sericin‐coated MF membrane for effective removal of drug‐based micropollutants from water, and demonstrates its easy regeneration and effectiveness for multiple cycles of filtration. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry