bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI FMEA (FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS) PADA MESIN BUBUT KONVENSIONAL DI PT. RAJA AMPAT INDOTIM
Authors: Utomo Alif Imam , Santoso Deri Teguh
Published: January 2023

Abstrak: Seiring berjalannya waktu, kondisi fasilitas yang digunakan untuk membantu proses produksi pada PT. Raja Ampat Indotim mengalami penurunan kemampuan dan fungsi yang akan mengakibatkan kerugian, salah satu fasilitas yang sering digunakan yakni mesin bubut konvesional. Namun, tindakan perawatan yang dilakukan di PT. Raja Ampat Indotim dinilai masih kurang efektif, dikarenakan perawaatan yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan tindakan perawatan setelah terjadinya kerusakan pada semua komponen.  Maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas tentang implementasi metode FMEA  pada mesin bubut konvensional yang berada di PT. Raja Ampat Indotim. Setelah dilakukan analisis dengan metode FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) didapatkan hasil yaitu terdapat enam komponen pada mesin bubut konvensional yang perlu mendapat perhatian untuk tidakan perawatan, item tersebut adalah chuck, sirkulasi oli, taper, v-belt and pulley, shaft and bushing, baut dan mur dengan delapan belas jenis kegagalan yang terjadi. Untuk tindakan perawatan yang dipilih dapat menggunakan tindakan perawatan korektif dan tindakan perawatan preventif dikarenakn nilai RPN yang diperoleh mempunyai nilai yang rendah dan menengah, tidak ada yang mempunyai nilai RPN diatas 300. Kata kunci: FMEA, Tindakan Perawatan, Mesini Bubut Konvensional
Pengaruh Penggunaan Berbagai Jenis Material Elektroda Busi Terhadap Performa Mesin Dan Bentuk Nyala Api Pada Mesin Bensin 113 cc
Authors: Al Banjari Muhammad Arsad
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh performa mesin dan bentuk nyala api dengan berbagai jenis material busi pada motor injeksi 113 cc. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode experimen. Jenis material elektroda busi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu nikel, iridium, dan tembaga. Penelitian ini membandingkan hasil performa mesin dari ketiga busi tersebut menggunakan dynotest. Putaran mesin yang diamati yaitu pada 3000 RPM - 5000 RPM. Untuk melihat bagaimana bentuk nyala api serta warna yang dipercikan oleh busi digunakan alat yaitu spark plug tester pada kondisi 3000 RPM dan 5000 RPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk nyala api berpengaruh terhadap performa mesin daya dan torsi.Pada 3000 RPM,  ukuran luas percikan api pada busi tembaga yaitu 0,542 mm sedangkan pada busi nikel sebesar 0,762 dan busi iridium 1,137 mm. Pada 5000 RPM, ukuran luas percikan api pada busi tembaga yaitu 0,6 mm sedangkan pada busi nikel sebesar 0,973 dan busi iridium 1,239 mm. Luasan api tersebut berpengaruh pada performa mesin. Pada 3000 RPM performa busi tembaga tidak jauh dengan  busi nikel dan busi iridium. Pada 5000 RPM performa mesin menggunakan busi iridium paling baik sesuai dengan percikan api yang paling luas, selanjutnya busi nikel lalu busi tembaga pada urutan terbawah
ANALISA PENGARUH DURASI GESEK DAN KECEPATAN PUTARAN PADA PADUAN AL-MG-SI TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK HASIL PENGELASAN GESEK (FRICTION WELDING)
Authors: Huda Masyaril , Marsono Marsono , Edy Duwi Leksono
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi durasi gesek dan kecepatan putaran terhadap nilai kekuatan tarik hasil pengelasan gesek pada paduan Al-Mg-Si. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memakai desain pre-eksperimental model one shot case study. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada pengelasan gesek dengan kecepatan putar 800 rpm durasi gesek 60 detik menghasilkan nilai tarik tertinggi sebesar 174,9 Mpa sedangkan kecepatan putar 1600 rpm dengan durasi gesek 60 detik menghasilkan nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 149,5 Mpa. nilai kekuatantarik semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya durasi gesek 80 detik dan 120 detik serta bertambahnya kecepatan putar nilai kekuatan tarik menurun.
PENGARUH PENGUASAAN MATA KULIAH GAMBAR TEKNIK MESIN DAN TEKNOLOGI MEKANIK DENGAN HASIL KERJA PRAKTIKUM PEMESINAN MAHASISWA S1 PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG
Authors: Fathan Mukhammad Safrul , Tuwoso Tuwoso , Basuki Basuki
Published: January 2023

Terdapat beberapa pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada rumpun ilmu Pendidikan Teknik Mesin. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan tersebut biasanya bersifat kolaboratif dan holistik dalam menunjang kerja yang dibutuhkan dalam industri pemesinan. Akan tetapi, dari sekian pengetahuan dan keterampilan itu, terdapat beberapa yang merupakan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kunci. Makna kunci dalam konteks ini adalah pengetahuan dan keterampilan dasar yang terus menerus dibutuhkan dan menjadi dasar dari segala pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam industri pemesinan. Terdapat tiga jenis mata kuliah yang merupakan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kunci serta saling terkait satu sama lain. Ketiganya adalah gambar teknik mesin, teknologi mekanik serta praktikum pemesinan. Dari latar belakang yang telah diuraikan diatas, peneliti sangat tertarik meneliti pengaruh ketiga mata kuliah gambar teknik mesin, teknologi mekanik, serta praktikum pemesinan. Ketiga mata kuliah tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang sangat erat dalam tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Artinya, terdapat pengetahuan serta keterampilan yang berkelindan diantaranya. Tidak hanya itu, penguasaan ketiga mata kuliah tersebut juga sangat memengaruhi kualitas engineer dalam melakukan kerjanya dalam industri pemesinan. Penelitian meneliti tentang pengaruh penguasaan mata kuliah gambar teknik mesin dan teknologi mekanik dengan hasil kerja praktikum pemesinan mahasiswa S1 pendidikan teknik mesin universitas negeri malang.
PENINGKATAN MAMPU ALIR (FLUIDITY) DAN PENURUNAN NILAI SUSUTAN PADUAN Al-Cu DENGAN SEMI-SOLID RHEOCASTING
Authors: Putra Muhammad Rezki F. , Ivana Reza Taufiqi , Pratomo Danang Yugo , Syaief Adhiela Noer , Syahyuniar Rusuminto
Published: January 2023

AbstrakIndustri otomotif sebagian besar pada penggunaan part dan komponen lainnya masih menggunakan paduan aluminium dengan proses pengecoran. Salah satu paduan dengan perlakuan panas yang baik dan karakteristik perbandingan kekuatan dengan berat jenis yang baik yaitu Al-Cu, namun dengan karakteristik demikian paduan ini juga memiliki kekurangan mampu alir dan susutan yang besar. Dalam percobaan ini melakukan proses pengecoran semi-solid rheocast denan variasi lama pengadukan menggunakan paduan al-cu sebagai bahan untuk dilakukan peningkatan mampu alir dan penurunan nilai susutan dari paduan. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan hasil cukup baik pada mampu alir dengan penambahan panjang aliran logam dengan perbedaan ketebalan cetakan didapatkan nilai paling tinggi dilamanya waktu pengadukan 540 dengan ketebalam 1 mm;9,8mm, 1,5 mm; 15 mm,1,8mm; 17 mm, 2 mm; 22 mm. Penurunan nilai susutan yang didapat juga cukup baik dari hasil proses semi-solid rheocast menghasilkan penurunan sebanyak 48,9% dari tanpa proses rheocasting dengan yang diberikan proses rheocasting menggunakan variasi lama waktu pengadukan.  Kata kunci— Al-Cu, Rheocasting, Penyusutan, Mampu Alir  Abstract Most of the Automotive Industry use parts and other components still use aluminum alloys with the casting process. One of the alloys with good heat treatment and good characteristics of the ratio of strength to specific gravity is Al-Cu, but with such characteristics this alloy also has a lack of large flowability and shrinkage. In this experiment, a semi-solid rheocast casting process was carried out with various stirring times using al-cu alloy as a material to increase the flowability and reduce the shrinkage value of the alloy. From the experimental results, it was found that the flowability was quite good with the addition of metal flow length with a difference in mold thickness, the highest value was the mixing time of 540 with a thickness of 1 mm; 9.8 mm, 1.5 mm; 15mm,1.8mm; 17mm, 2mm; 22mm. The decrease in shrinkage value obtained was also quite good from the results of the semi-solid rheocast process resulting in a reduction of 48.9% from that without the rheocasting process given the rheocasting process using variations in the length of stirring time. Keywords— Al-Cu, Rheocasting, Shrinkage, Fluidity
Concept of the development of the innovative processes of a research and production enterprise
Authors: Korolev Mikhail I. , Khorev Alexander I. , Lutchenkо Viktor G. , Lukina Oksana O.
Published: January 2023

In the current conditions of the development of the economy of the Russian Federation, enterprises with a stable release of new goods and services that fully satisfy the needs of society can be of particular innovative value. The article reflects the concept of development of innovative processes of research and production enterprises. The essence of the implementation of innovation in the enterprise is determined: innovation of the process, strategy, product. An innovative structure of a research and production enterprise is presented, which reflects the main elements: market, scientific organizations, training centers, investment and credit organizations, Rospatent (Federal Service for Intellectual Property). The functions of the management staff and divisions of the innovation infrastructure of an research and production enterprise are formulated. In the process of activity of a research and production enterprise, there are three main stages of market research and the choice of a promising direction for developing an idea. The role in the innovation process for each structural unit and the functions they perform are determined. The structure of the innovation process is described and grouped by stages. Also, a special place in the innovation process of a research and production enterprise is occupied by the marketing of innovations. The paper formulates and presents the main functions of innovation marketing. Ideas for creating an innovative product can be offered both by the internal and external environment of the organization. Therefore, it is very important not to limit the flow of ideas from both staff and consumers, the media, competitors and suppliers. A scheme for implementing the idea into an innovative product is presented.
Actual issues of Russian energy sector development
Authors: Shekhov Ivan A. , Shekhova Nataliya V.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the most pressing issues related to the development of the modern energy sector of Russia. Among them there are the technical obsolescence of energy production facilities, a huge amount of unused energy equipment, serious disruption of the innovation cycle in the energy industry, and inefficient management. The authors pay special attention to the difficulties associated with the ever-accelerating process of digitalization of economy in general and the energy industry in particular. The article also predicts the most probable possibilities for the emergence of environmental problems initiated by the development of renewable energy. The priority tasks for the development of the energy sector are determined. The list of the mentions tasks includes domestic power equipment competitiveness increasing; ensuring full utilization of energy capacities; restoration of the innovation process; improving the quality of strategic decisions; solving the problem of negative impacts of digitalisation.
Classes of task problems for determining the effectiveness of investment projects, taking into account the uncertainty of the external environment and multi-criteria
Authors: Yurlov Felix F. , Yashin Sergey N. , Plekhanova Anna F.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the classification of decision-making tasks when choosing investment projects in conditions when uncontrollable factors act in these tasks that affect the efficiency of the compared projects, and the projects themselves must be evaluated by a set of criteria. In modern scientific literature, the issues of assessing the effectiveness of investments are often considered in isolation from issues related to the methodology for making optimal decisions in the economy. This can lead to an incorrect choice of investment projects when they are selected for financing, especially when it comes to innovative or socially significant projects. The article attempts to analyze the problems of multi-criteria and uncertainty of decisions in relation to the evaluation of investment projects. In particular, the question of classification is raised. All tasks for assessing the comparative effectiveness of projects are divided into five classes. The classification is based on three features: the number of project efficiency criteria taken into account, the number of optimality principles used under uncertainty, and the number of multi-criteria optimization principles used. As criteria for the effectiveness of investment projects are considered: net present value, yield index, payback period, internal rate of return. As the principles of optimality under uncertainty, the following principles are considered: optimism, pessimism, guaranteed result, Savage and guaranteed losses. The principles of taking into account the problem of multi-criteria are: the principle of dominance, the Pareto principle, the principle of the formation of complex indicators, the principle of highlighting the main indicator with the transfer of the rest to the category of restrictions. The tasks of each class are illustrated with examples, quantitative calculations for these examples are carried out.
Olfactory Stimulants for Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and its Parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), in Odors of Stressed and Bark Beetle–Colonized Pines
Authors: Shepherd William P. , Johnson Crawford W. , Sullivan Brian T.
Published: January 2023

We conducted studies with the native woodwasp Sirex nigricornis F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in Louisiana to identify host-associated olfactory stimulants that may include attractive semiochemicals for this species as well as Sirex noctilio F., an invasive species that can attack healthy trees. Loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) treated with a stressing agent were felled and chipped 1–2 mo after treatment, and the chips were steam–water distilled in a Clevenger apparatus to extract volatile compounds. Using coupled gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection, we analyzed the distillates with antennae of both S. nigricornis and the Sirex parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenwarth) (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae) to identify olfactory stimulants. In addition, we assayed S. nigricornis antennae with synthetic mixtures containing 23 volatile compounds associated with stressed and dying pines, including pheromones of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) that also use these hosts. Antennae of both male and female S. nigricornis responded to 29 identifiable volatiles in the distillates, whereas I. leucospoides responded to 23 volatiles. Eighteen compounds in the synthetic mixtures were olfactory stimulants for S. nigricornis. Olfactory stimulants in the woodchip distillates were predominantly hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes, and the strongest antennal stimulants among compounds in the synthetic mixtures were oxygenated monoterpenes associated with pine death and early decay (e.g., verbenone, fenchone, and terpinen-4-ol). Bark beetle pheromones (frontalin, endo-brevicomin, ipsenol, and ipsdienol) also stimulated S. nigricornis antennae. The very large number of host-associated olfactory stimulants for S. nigricornis implies that our data may offer limited assistance in targeting individual compounds for investigation as possible attractants and components for a Sirex lure.
Expression Patterns of Heat Shock Protein Genes and Antioxidase Genes in Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) under Heat Stress
Authors: Li Xinyu , Ma Weihua , Jiang Yusuo
Published: January 2023

Heat stress elicits the expression of various antistress proteins (e.g., heat shock proteins [HSPs] and antioxidase enzymes) in honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), which are important in protecting cells from heat-induced stresses. In this study, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression patterns of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), heat shock protein 70Ab (Hsp70Ab), peroxidase (Pod), and cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) in response of Apis cerana cerana F. to different temperatures and different heat exposure times. We observed that, with the increase of temperature and exposure time, the expression of the four genes also increased, thus confirming that heat stress can activate heat-resistant mechanisms of A. cerana cerana and that temperature and exposure time are key factors affecting the accumulation of HSPs. Our results provide information on the expression patterns of four genes during heat stress to serve as a basis for determining the mechanisms by which A. cerana cerana adapts to thermal stress.
Effect of Chlorhexidine on Immediate and Delayed Bond Strength between Resin and Dentin of Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ebrahimi Masoumeh , Majidinia Sara , Sarraf Alireza
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature and use meta-analysis to investigate whether chlorhexidine (CHX) application after acid etching as an adjunct treatment has any influence on the immediate and delayed bond strength to primary dentin.
Materials and Methods: In this review, PubMed, ISI (all data bases), Scopus and Cochrane were searched according to the selected keywords up to April 30, 2018. The full texts of all published articles that met our primary inclusion criteria were obtained. The studies were analyzed in two parts: in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of CHX application during the bonding procedures (application after acid etching) on immediate and delay dentin bond strength of resin-dentin interface.
Results: The initial search yielded 214 publications, of which 8 were selected after thorough methodological assessment. None of the clinical studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Our results indicated that in comparison to the control group, CHX significantly reduced immediate resin-dentin bond strength (P=0.043). These values were increased after aging (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on this invitro Meta-analysis CHX application, improve resin-dentin bond strength durability in primary teeth.
Temporomandibular Disorders is associated with Genetic Factors: A Review
Authors: Najafi Shamsoulmolouk , Gholizadeh Narges , Roudgari Hassan , Sheykhbahaei Nafiseh , Oloumi Amirmohammad
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives: Pain is the most leading cause of visits to physicians and dentists. It is also a common symptom of diseases that can significantly undermine the quality of life and physical activities. This study aimed to review the existing literature for the causes of Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD) from the genetic point of view.
Methods: Four international scientific databases including Google Scholar, Biomed Central, PubMed, and ProQuest plus two Iranian databases including Magiran and SID. Then all articles published between1980 and 2019were searched using the following keywords: facial pain, genetic factors and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). A total of 900 articles were found that 36 were review articles.
Results: Our review shows that genetic factors have an impact on the incidence and pathology of TMDs These factors include TSPAN9 polymorphism and the COMT gene.
Conclusion: There is growing evidence indicating that genetic factors play a key role in the pathology of temporomandibular disorders, however, the underlying mechanism of pain is still largely unknown.
The Prevalence of maxillary fractures in trauma patients referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Daneste Hossein , Bayat Pourya
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Maxillofacial fractures are one of the most common fractures in the body due to trauma. Maxillary fractures, especially Lefort fractures, are common fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of Lefort fractures in patients referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital during 2011 to 2021.
Materials and  Method: In this cross-sectional study, 2700 patients who referred to the maxillofacial surgery department of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Shiraz between 2011 to 2021 due to trauma and fractures of the jaw and face were examined. 903 cases were related to patients with upper jaw fracture and were included in the study. The demographic information of the patients, including age, sex, cause of trauma, and also the type of fracture, were extracted from their records. The etiology of maxilla fracture was divided into three groups: vehicle accidents, violence and interpersonal conflict, and accidents during work and sports. Finally, in order to analyze the data, it was done through statistical tests.
Results: 65% of patients were male and 35% were female. The average age of people was 38.5 years. Lefort I fracture was reported in 25% of patients, Lefort II fracture in 31% and Lefort III fracture in 11% of patients. 46% of patients had fractured maxilla due to vehicle accidents, 26% of patients due to interpersonal violence, and 27% of patients due to accidents during work and sports.
Conclusion: The prevalence of Lefort fracture in men is significantly higher than in women. In our society, injuries caused by road accidents, especially car accidents, are the most common causes of Lefort fractures. The most common type of Lefort fracture is Lefort II fracture. Of course, the cause of injury has an important effect on the pattern of injury.
Yetişkin Yaş Grubunda Kan Şekeri ve Kan Basıncı Korelasyonu Değerlendirmesi
Authors: YAMAN Burak
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kan basıncı ve kan şekeri değerleri açısından yetişkin yaş grubundaki gönüllü bireylerin değerlendirilmesi ve kan şekeri, kan basıncı değerlerinin birbirleriyle ve yaş, kilo ve boy gibi verilerle ilişkisinin ortaya konulmasıdır.

Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada ….. şehrinde yaşayan yetişkin yaş grubundaki bilinen herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan gönüllüler randomize yöntemle seçilerek açlık kan şekeri ve kan basıncı ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açlık kan şekeri kapiller kan alınarak glikometre ile kan basıncı ise manuel sfigmomanometre ile brakiyal arterden ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 190 erişkin gönüllü katılmıştır. Gönüllülerin, % 25.8’inde kan basıncı değerleri normalin üstünde iken, % 6.3’ünde kan şekeri seviyesi normalin üstünde bulundu. Açlık kan şekeri normalden yüksek olanların % 41.7’ sinin kan basıncı değerleri de normalin üstündeydi. Açlık kan şekeri ile diastolik kan basıncı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde korelasyon bulundu (p=0.01, Spearman).

Sonuç: Diyabet ve hipertansiyonun nedenleri ve ortaya çıkış mekanizmaları benzerdir ve birbirini tetiklemektedir. Bu çalışmada açlık kan şekeri seviyelerinin yükselmesi ile diastolik kan basıncı değerlerinin de etkilendiği ortaya konmuştur. Sağlıklı erişkinlerde düzenli kan şekeri ve kan basıncı takibi, ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonları önleyebilecektir.
Fasciola Hepatica’nın Neden Olduğu Karaciğer Kitlesi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÜNSAL Öykü , KURTULUŞ Elif , BİNİCİER Hatice , ALTAY Canan , AKPINAR Hale
Published: January 2023

Bu olgu sunumunda, fasciola hepatica’nın nonspesifik semptomlarla gelebileceğini; karaciğer kitlesi ile başvuran bir hastada ayırıcı tanıda paraziter enfeksiyonların akılda tutulması gerektiğini; laboratuvar bulguları, seroloji ve görüntüleme yöntemlerinin tanıda değerli olduğunu vurgulamayı amaçladık. Komorbidi olmayan 33 yaşında kadın hasta dış merkezden tarafımıza karaciğerde kitle nedeniyle yönlendirildi. Hastanın ana yakınmaları halsizlik, yorgunluk ve künt vasıfta karın ağrısı olup fizik muayenesi olağandı. Laboratuvar tetkiklerinde anemi ve eozinofili saptandı. Fasciola hepatica serolojisi pozitif olarak saptandı. Abdomen manyetik rezonans görüntülemede;T1 ağırlıklı yağ baskılı sekansta karaciğerde izlenen lezyonda paraziter hastalığın oluşturduğu intraparankimal tünelleri temsil eden tubuler yapıda mikrokistik lezyon izlendi. Hepatobilier konseyde Fasciola hepatica olarak değerlendirilen hastaya triklabendazol tedavisi verildi. Sonuç olarak; eozinofili ile birlikte karaciğer kitlesi ile başvuran hastalarda, ayırıcı tanıda paraziter enfeksiyonlar akılda bulundurulmalıdır. Laboratuvar bulguları, seroloji ve görüntüleme yöntemleri tanıda değerlidir.
Seksualność w służbie ateńskiego pokoju, czyli próba genderowej lektury "Lizystraty" Arystofanesa
Authors: Kostek Szymon
Published: January 2023

The article is an attempt of commentary on the Aristophanes’ comedy in feminist/gender perspective. Images of women, stereotypes of both sexes and sexual identity in the old-Greek comedy are an object of analyses and interpretation. This article uses arguments of many commentators of Aristophanes’ theatre, for example Christopher A. Faraone, Lisa P. Vetter, Angus M. Bowie, Kenneth J. Dover or Jerzy Łanowski in order to illustrate how an individual can go beyond the limits of durable and common social or sexual games. I try to show that the works of the old-Greek writer are constantly opened for new strategies of interpretation and many-sided description of his comedies is in fact the matter of the humanities of future.
Poverty dynamics in Nairobi's slums; Testing for state dependence and heterogeneity effects
Authors: Islam Md Nizamul , FAYE Ousmane
Published: January 2023

We investigate the factors underlying poverty transitions in Nairobi’s slums focusing on whether differences in characteristics make people more prone to enter poverty and persist in, or whether past experience of poverty matters on future states. Understanding these issues is essential for the design of effective policy programs aimed at enhancing the lives of the poor. The paper uses an endogenous switching model, which accounts for initial conditions, non-random attrition, and unobserved heterogeneity.Estimations are based on a panel dataset from the Nairobi Demographic Surveillance System. Results indicate that true state dependence (TSD) constitutes the major factor driving poverty persistence. There are little heterogeneity effects. Even when household and individual observed characteristics differ notably, the TSD size remains very large. Active anti-poverty programs aimed at breaking the cycle of poverty constitute then the most appropriate policies for taking people out of poverty and preventing them to fall back in.
Biological Valorization of the Pod of Pea Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Ouis N. , Hariri A.
Published: January 2023

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the pod pea essential oil and to determine the potential use of this vegetable waste as a medium for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum. Methods: Antioxidant activity of the essential oil was determined by DPPH, iron reducing and lipid peroxidation methods. Pod pea syrup was obtained by addition of two litres of water at 80-85°C to 800 g of pod pea for 2 h. Other syrups were obtained under the same conditions by partially substituting 40 g of pod pea for the same amount of glucose, date and carob. Result: At a concentration of 1000 µg mL-1, the pod pea essential oil demonstrated good DPPH scavenging activity 89.30±1.4% as well as significant iron reducing. This oil is effective at inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. An important quantity of biomass (optical density of 1.55) and lactic acid 20.4 g L-1 were produced. The replacement of 20 g L-1 pod pea by the same quantity of glucose, date and carob improves the production of lactic acid.
Modifying photosystem antennas to improve light harvesting for photosynthesis in crops
Authors:   The University of Sydney, Australia, Chen Min , Blankenship Robert E. ,   Washington University in St Louis, USA
Published: January 2023

All photosynthetic organisms contain a light-harvesting antenna system, in which pigments absorb solar photons and energy is delivered to the photochemical reaction centers, and subsequent biochemical reactions store it for cellular use. The identity and quantity of pigments and the proteins that bind them in antenna system depend on the type of photosynthetic organism and its environment. Higher plants typically have several hundred antenna pigments associated with each reaction center. This chapter discusses the identity of various photopigments and their associated antenna system in the context of current research to improve the overall efficiency of photosynthesis. Various efforts to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis include expanding the Photosynthetically Active Radiation beyond the 400-700 nm range, decreasing the number of pigments associated with the reaction center and engineering the antenna systems of plants so as to create a gradient of light absorption from the top to the bottom of the canopy.
Alteración de la función pulmonar en vendedores informales de gasolina expuestos a sus vapores en Maicao, Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo Ordoñez Juan Carlos , González Vides Guillermo , Lozada Martinez Ivan David , García Espiñeira María Cecilia
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la exposición a vapores de gasolina sobre la función pulmonar en vendedores informales. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en expendedores informales de gasolina expuestos a sus vapores en el municipio de Maicao, Colombia. Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, se evaluó la función pulmonar por medio de espirometría, oximetría de pulso y, evaluación de la exposición a biomasa. Resultados: Se evaluaron 74 pacientes. El 87,8% eran de sexo masculino, encontrándose principalmente entre los 18 – 40 años (71,6%). El 21,6% (n=16) de la población reportó tener afecciones respiratorias, el 59,4% obtuvo un VEF1 <80% predicho, el 68,9% un FVC <80% predicho y, el 32,4% un VEF1/FVC <70% predicho. De aquellos que tuvieron espirometría anormal (n=45), el 62,2% reportó tener un tiempo de labor ≥ 5 años. Los síntomas reportados con mayor frecuencia fueron disfonía (14,8%), conjuntivitis (14,8%), epigastralgia (10,8%) y cefalea (9,45%). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la alteración de la espirometría y antecedentes, saturación de oxígeno medida y presencia de afección respiratoria. Conclusión: Este estudio encontró que un porcentaje representativo de vendedores informales de gasolina expuestos a vapores de combustibles en la frontera colombo-venezolana, presentaron alteración en la función pulmonar comprobado por espirometría anormal y, algunos reportaron sintomatología y afección respiratoria. Estos, son principalmente hombres, adultos jóvenes, con nivel socioeconómico y educacional bajo y, expuestos a diario de forma prolongada y por varios años, a gases derivados del manejo de combustibles fósiles.
Blood Transfusion Practices at The Intensive Observation Unit (Ruang Observasi Intensif/ROI) of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Almira Saskia Sabila  , Maulydia  , Betty Agustina Tambunan  , Edward Kusuma
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or its components, such as red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, from donor to recipient. The major reason for blood transfusion is anemia and bleeding, frequently seen in critically ill trauma patients in Intensive Observation Unit (Ruang Observasi Intensif/ROI). One of the most prevalent causes of potentially preventable death in trauma patients is uncontrolled bleeding. In addition to controlling the bleeding by surgical or interventional procedures, blood transfusion is carried out to maintain oxygenation to tissue, preventing organ dysfunction due to hypoxia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of blood transfusion carried out on the patients in the ROI of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records involving 258 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The result showed that the majority of patients were female, aged 26-35 years, had blood type O, and Rhesus (Rh)-positive, accounting for 55.04%, 26.36%, 39.53%, and 100%, respectively. The most common indication for transfusion was anemia, with a percentage of 69.10%, particularly severe anemia, accounting for 48.45%. Furthermore, 57.36% of patients were from the surgery department, and 36.05% stayed in ROI for 2-3 days. The most common blood component and unit transfused was packed red blood cells (PRC), with a percentage of 57.50% and 439 units at 47.82%. Most of the transfusions, with a percentage of 37.80%, were carried out within 3-4 hours. Some patients were experiencing pruritus, febrile, urticaria, and chills, accounting for 0.39%, 0.39%, 0.39%, and 0.39%, respectively. Conclusion: Understanding transfusion practices, including blood type distribution, can prevent blood shortage, estimate the need for blood among ROI patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, and further ensure that all transfusions are ABO and Rh compatible.
Crise do direito e propostas de sua superação: ainda há garantias da autonomia jurídica?
Authors: Vital da Rocha Maria , Simões Fontenele Lincoln
Published: January 2023

Novos modelos de adequação social do direito afetam sua autonomia? Este artigo pretende investigar os mecanismos com os quais o sistema jurídico garante sua positividade e questionar sua subsistência em face de propostas de  adequação social do direito na modernidade. Inicialmente, será feita uma exploração, sob a perspectiva teórico-metodológico da Teoria dos Sistemas, para a identificação de mecanismos constitucionais que blindam o sistema funcionalmente diferenciado do direito, que são os direitos fundamentais, a separação de poderes e a eleição política democrática. Após, diante de um quadro de crise de adequação social do sistema jurídico, as propostas do direito  responsivo (Nonet e Selznick), do direito procedimental (Habermas) e do direito reflexivo (Teubner) são analisadas. Nesta oportunidade, levam à pergunta se sua implementação não daria suporte à ingerência na operação jurídica por outros  sistemas de seu ambiente externo.
On the rolling of a monowheel on a deformable beam lying on two supports
Authors: Golubev Yury Filippovich , Korianov Victor Vladimirovich
Published: January 2023

A method for calculating the main mode of vibrations of an elastic-viscous beam lying on two elastic supports of different heights when a monowheel moves along it with a constant longitudinal velocity is presented. The equations of motion of the monowheel corresponding to the main mode of oscillations of the system are obtained. A method for calculating the average vibration frequency of a monowheel on a beam is proposed. An approximate averaged solution has been found that allows us to analytically assess the influence of system parameters on its dynamics. The results of numerical experiments to estimate the accuracy of the approximate solution are presented.
Experience of Tatarstan in Reducing Mortality under the National Project “Health Care” as Exemplified by the Project of Supervision of District Hospitals
Authors:   Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Khayrullin R. N. , Sadykov M. N. ,   Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kupriyanov R. V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the experience of organizational and methodological work of the ICDC project office on the supervision of health care facilities in the municipal entities of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2019 within the framework of the National Project “Health Care”. The structure of the project office is presented and the areas of its activity are described. It is noted that to date there is a deficit of managerial competence among healthcare leaders. The methodology of managerial competence development based on the cycle of D. Kolb is proposed. The results of the questionnaire survey of managers of the supervised organizations are presented. The conclusion is drawn that the chosen work of ICDC permits a constructive sharing of best practices between the managers of district hospitals and gives them an opportunity to reflect on the attained results, which overall led to the development of managerial competence and reduction of total mortality in supervised districts in 2019 by an average of 8%. Conducted correlation analysis of the questionnaire results has shown that in order to decrease mortality, it is important for the manager to take a fresh look at the problem of mortality reduction and set priorities in the activities of his subordinate employees. According to the respondents, a fresh view emerges in the course of cooperative interaction and exchange of opinions between the managers and employees of the organization participating in this mortality reduction project.
Requirements for the organization and conduct of internal quality control and safety of medical activities, approved by the order of the ministry of health of the Russian Federation of 31.07.2020 № 785n: what should be paid attention to by the heads of medical organizations
Authors:   Expert on the issues of regulatory and legal regulation of health care activities, Piven D. V. , Kitsul I. S. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – the branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federatio, Ivanov I. V. ,   "National Institute of Quality" of Roszdravnadzor
Published: January 2023

The article presents an analysis of individual changes contained in the updated version of the Requirements for the organization and Conduct of Internal Quality Control and Safety of Medical Activities, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation № 785n of 31.07.2020. The authors draw attention to the fact that in 2020 The requirements are supplemented by the fact that the subject of internal control, now including compliance with the rules for conducting laboratory, instrumental, pathologic-anatomical and other types of diagnostic tests, regulations on the organization of medical care by type of medical care, procedures for organizing medical rehabilitation and spa treatment. The article shows that the exclusion of certain provisions from the Requirements, for example, the indication of the need to form a system for evaluating the activities of medical workers in a medical organization, does not mean that the relevant measures are excluded from internal control.
Advanced training of doctors: the main tasks today and what to do
Authors:   Expert on the issues of regulatory and legal regulation of health care activities, Piven D. V.
Published: January 2023

The article presents and analyzes the main challenges that directly affect today both the qualifications of doctors and the work on the implementation of professional development programs. The author attributed the following to such challenges: the pandemic of coronavirus infection; the implementation of advanced training programs for doctors with the exclusive or preferential use of distance educational technologies; a decrease in the quality of implementation of advanced training programs for doctors; long breaks in the professional activities of doctors in the main specialty; periodic accreditation of doctors. The article proposes to focus on the development of exemplary professional development programs for doctors, taking into account the requirements of professional standards. It is necessary to ensure that the programs for improving the qualifications of doctors who develop and implement educational organizations strictly comply with the sample programs.
Market Analysis of assisted reproductive Technologies in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   Center of Medical Technologies, Fazlyeva E. A. , Galieva G. A. ,   Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Izmailova R. A. ,   Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: January 2023

The increase in the prevalence of infertility among the population determines the need for further development and use of assisted reproductive technologies. Purpose of the study: to study the state of the market of assisted reproductive technologies in Russian Federation and Bashkortostan Republic. Material and methods: analysis of statistical information in the field of healthcare of Russian Federation and Bashkortostan Republic. Results: the number of ART centers and cycles in Russia are steadily growing, while the part of state centers and cycles performed in them is just 1/3 and tends to decrease. Private clinics, both in Russia and Bashkortostan Republic, actively participate in state guarantee programs and account for more than half of all ART treatment cycles.
Possible approaches to the implementation of technological solutions in unified electronic healthcare EAEU member states
Authors:   Saint Petersburg University, Akulin I. M. , Chesnokova E. A. ,   Saint Petersburg University, Presnyakov R. A. ,   Association of Medical Law to St. Petersburg, Svirkin M. V. , Balykina Yu. E. , Guryanova N. E. ,   GBU “Scientific Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Healthcare”
Published: January 2023

In the article, the authors analyze the technical possibility of forming a unified supranational system of electronic interaction in the field of healthcare of the EAEU member states. The authors identify individual and common problems, propose to use a decentralized approach (blockchain), as well as Ethereum distributed registry technologies in order to develop a technical solution for the exchange of medical information by the EAEU member countries.
The human side of animal experimentation: A qualitative, exploratory study into work-related stress and coping in animal experimenters
Authors: Glenk Lisa Maria , Belik Cornelia , Palme Rupert , Aigner Andreas , Jensen-Jarolim Erika
Published: January 2023

Besides the pervasive controversy of animal experimentation in society, ethics and science, the human experimenter side of laboratory animal studies is a relatively underrepresented topic in human-animal interaction research. Few studies have addressed scientists’ stress responses to animal experiments. The main aim of this study was to assess work-related stress by means of salivary cortisol secretion, coping strategies, self-esteem, pet attitude and personality traits in academic researchers who regularly perform invasive animal experiments. Invitation to participate in the study resulted in a response rate of 15.4% of 65 invited scientists, of which only four (6.15%) completed data collection. Study participants carried out saliva sampling on working days with and without animal experiments, completed a semi-structured qualitative interview and psychological questionnaires. Salivary cortisol (SC) was measured via enzyme immunoassay. The results indicate that animal experimenters used problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Three participants reached above average values in self-esteem. Pet attitudes scores were moderately positive. Three out of four animal experimenters reached high scores on the personality dimensions "openness to experience", "agreeableness" and "conscientiousness". In the absence of an acute increase in SC related to animal experimentation, two out of four participants exhibited an altered circadian pattern of SC secretion only on working days with animal experiments. Although and as a matter of fact because only four of 65 invited scientists volunteered to participate, we discussed the seemingly low willingness of researchers to participate in such a study based on a theoretical analysis, particularly highlighting the concept of deindividuation and provide suggestions for future research.
Figurative, Symbolic and Contemplative Cognition Part I: From F. Viet and G.W. Leibniz to J.H. Lambert
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Krouglov Alexei N.
Published: January 2023

By providing symbolic (operates by means of signs) and intuitive (operates without signs) types of cognition, G.W. Leibniz in the “Reasoning about cognition, truth and ideas” laid the foundation for the problem of visibility discussions in 18th century. Proceeding from Leibniz’s ideas, Chr. Wolff in the “German metaphysics” built a detailed doctrine about figurative and contemplating cognition, giving priority in the field of application and the degree of clarity to the first type. Wolff’s doctrine almost immediately became classic and found a lot of supporters. J.G. Darjes and G.F. Meier moved the metaphysical distinction of cognition distinctions to logic. A.G. Baumgarten in the “Metaphysics” offered a new criterion of symbolic and intuitive cognition distinction. J.N. Tetens scrutinized the opposition of symbolic and contemplating cognition from the point of a priori and a posteriori opposition. J.H. Lambert in the “New Organon” brings the interest back to the figurative cognition.
An Efficient Model of Simulating Fracture Propagation and Energy Recovery from Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Effect of Fracture Geometry, Topology and Connectivity
Authors: Cao Meng , Sharma Mukul
Published: January 2023

A combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells is now being used to tap geothermal energy from naturally fractured reservoirs. Fully grid-based numerical models are currently used to simulate heat recovery from enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Such models require a fine unstructured mesh and are computationally expensive. In this paper we present a computationally efficient model that allows us to accurately simulate fracture propagation, fluid flow, and heat transfer in networks of natural fractures that may be created in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs.

The integrated simulator is developed by combining the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) for fracture propagation in naturally fractured reservoirs with a general Green's function solution for fluid and heat flow from the matrix to the fracture. This eliminates the need to discretize the matrix domain resulting in a very computationally efficient solution. A discrete fracture network (DFN) approach is used to represent the pre-existing natural fractures.

The model is first validated against an analytical solution for fluid flow and heat transfer in a rock matrix with a single fracture. The computation time with and without discretizing the rock matrix shows a 100-fold reduction in computation cost with very little loss in accuracy. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of the distribution of natural fracture density, length, and orientation. The results show that the efficiency of tapping geothermal energy is impacted by geometrical and topological complexities of the fracture network and in particular the connectivity of backbone fractures. It is, therefore, important to optimize (not maximize) the connectivity and complexity of the backbone fracture network. The computationally efficient model presented here provides a practical tool for optimizing operational parameters for efficient geothermal production.