bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Boosts the Output Voltage of a Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Zhao Qiancheng , Fan Guilan , Zhao Shuo , Wang Liubin , Li Fujun , Chen Jun
Published: July 2019

Utilization of solar energy is of great interest for a sustainable society, and its conversion into electricity in a compact battery is challenging. Herein, a zinc–air battery with the polymer semiconductor polytrithiophene (pTTh) as the cathode is reported for direct conversion of photoenergy into electric energy. Upon irradiation, photoelectrons are generated in the conduction band (CB) of pTTh and then injected into the π2p* orbitals of O2 for its reduction to HO2−, which is disproportionated to OH− and drives the oxidation of Zn to ZnO at the anode. The discharge voltage was significantly increased to 1.78 V without decay during discharge–charge cycles over 64 h, which corresponds to an energy density increase of 29.0 % as compared to 1.38 V for a zinc–air battery with state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C. The zinc–air battery with an intrinsically different reaction scheme for simultaneous conversion of chemical and photoenergy into electric energy opens a new pathway for utilization of solar energy.
Structural variation from linear, layer to 3D framework: Syntheses, structures and luminescence
Authors: Guo Dan‐Dan , Zhu Li‐Na , Meng Xiang‐Xi , Deng Zhao‐Peng , Huo Li‐Hua , Gao Shan
Published: July 2019

Self‐assembly of Zn (II) or Cd (II) nitrates, flexible bis (pyridyl)‐diamine, as well as arenesulfonic acids, leads to the formation of ten coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(L1)(H2O)3]·2(p‐TS)·2H2O (1), [Zn(L1)(H2O)2]·2(p‐TS)·2H2O (2), [Zn(L1)2(p‐TS)2] (3), [Zn(H2L1)(H2O)4]·2(1,5‐NDS)·2H2O (4), [Zn(H2L2)(H2O)4]·2(1,5‐NDS)·4MeOH (5), [Cd(L1)(p‐TS)(NO3)]·H2O (6), [Cd(L1)(1,5 ‐NDS)0.5(H2O)]·0.5(1,5‐NDS)·H2O (7), [Cd(L2)(H2O)2]·(p‐TS)·(NO3)·3H2O (8), [Cd(L2)(1,5‐NDS)] (9) and [Cd(L2)(1,5‐NDS)]·MeOH (10) (L1 = N,N′‐bis (pyridin‐4‐ylmethyl) ethane‐1,2‐diamine, L2 = N,N′‐bis (pyridin‐3‐ylmethy l)ethane‐1,2‐diamine, p‐HTS = p‐toluenesulfonic acid, 1,5‐H2NDS = 1,5‐naphthalene disulfonic acid), which have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG, PL, powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1, 4, 5 and 6 present linear or zigzag chain structures accomplished by the interconnection of adjacent M (II) cations through L1 ligands or protonated H2L12+/H2L22+ cations, while complexes 2, 3 and 8 show similar (4,4) layer motifs constructed from the connection of M (II) cations through L1 and L2. The same coordination modes of L1 and L2 in complexes 7 and 9 join adjacent Cd (II) cations to form double chain structures, which are further connected by bis‐monodentate 1,5‐NDS2− dianions into different (6,3) and (4,4) layer motifs. The L2 molecules in complex 10 join adjacent Cd (II) cations together with 1,5‐NDS2− dianions to form 3D network with hxl topology. Therefore, the diverse coordination modes of the bis (pyridyl) ligand with chelating spacer and the feature of different arenesulfonate anions can effectively influence the architectures of these complexes. Luminescent investigation reveals that the emission maximum of these complexes varies from 374 to 448 nm in the solid state at room temperature, in which complexes 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10 show average luminescence lifetimes from 7.20 to 14.82 ns. Moreover, photocatalytic properties of complexes 7–10 towards Methylene blue under Xe lamp irradiation are also discussed.
Amygdalin Contents of Oil and Meal from Wild Almond: Effect of Different Heat Pretreatment and Extraction Methods
Authors: Mirzaei Hamideh , Rezaei Karamatollah
Published: July 2019

The effects of different heat treatment methods on the extraction yield of oil and the amygdalin contents of the wild almond meal and oil were investigated. When using hexane as a solvent for the extraction, oil yield and amygdalin contents of the extracted oils increased by increasing the applied temperature as the pretreatment (46.1–51.6%, w/w, for oil yield and 26–49 mg/100 mL oil for the amygdalin content). When using mechanical oil extraction, hot‐press resulted in higher oil yield (23.2%) than did the cold‐press (15.6%) but the amygdalin levels of the extracted oils were not significantly different (12.8–12.9 mg/100 mL oil). Autoclaving ground wild almond and hot‐press resulted in a significant increase in the peroxide and acid values of the oils. Investigation of fatty acid profiles of different samples showed that heat treatment and extraction method in this study did not impact the fatty acid profiles of the extracted oils.
Near room temperature dyeing of m‐aramid fabrics
Authors: Vu Nguyen , Michielsen Stephen
Published: July 2019

Due to their high crystallinity and inertness, the coloration of meta‐aramid fiber has been widely confirmed to be difficult. Though substantial improvements have been achieved, the dyeing of this fiber still requires high temperature and long duration for good color strength and shade. In this article, grafting poly(acrylic acid), a polyelectrolyte, onto meta‐aramind fibers followed by dyeing via conventional pad‐dry‐cure technique resulted in good dyeing and a decrease the dyeing time and temperature. Dyed samples that possess industrially acceptable K/S values were produced in 15 minutes at room temperature (25–27 °C) under neutral pH. Dyed samples had good dry and wet crockfastness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48190.
An improved model predictive control of low voltage ride through in a permanent magnet synchronous generator in wind turbine systems
Authors: Babaghorbani Behnaz , Hamidi Beheshti Mohammad Taghi , Talebi Heidar Ali
Published: July 2019

This research investigates a wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). In addition, a model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the PMSG in normal and fault conditions. The most efficient mode of the control algorithm is found for maximum power point tracking in normal conditions and fast dynamic response in fault conditions following the selection of the optimum voltage vector. This method prevents a sudden increase in the DC‐link voltage by storing the active power in the generator rotor inertia. Moreover, during the low voltage, the grid code adoption of the reactive current is injected into the grid side. The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated for a wind power generator using MATLAB software. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can safeguard the DC‐link during the fault.
An algorithm to solve a quantile optimization problem with loss function having a separable structure, and its application to an aerospace problem
Authors: Ivanov S.V. , Kibzun A.I. , Stepanova A.S.
Published: July 2019

A quantile minimization problem with loss function having separable structure is considered. The distribution of the random parameters is assumed to be normal. To solve the problem, the confidence method and the sample average approximation method are used. Thus, the problem is reduced to a combinatorial one, which is solved by using the variable neighborhood search. The suggested algorithm is applied to optimization of runway area. Parameters of the runway are selected to minimize the area taking into account random wind speed.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on preoperative pulmonary physiology, postoperative respiratory complications and quality of life in patients with oesophageal cancer
Authors: Elliott J A , O'Byrne L , Foley G , Murphy C F , Doyle S L , King S , Guinan E M , Ravi N , Reynolds J V
Published: July 2019

Background

It remains controversial whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer influences operative morbidity, in particular pulmonary, and quality of life. This study combined clinical outcome data with systematic evaluation of pulmonary physiology to determine the impact of nCRT on pulmonary physiology and clinical outcomes in locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

Methods

Consecutive patients treated between 2010 and 2016 were included. Three-dimensional conformal radiation was standard, with a lung dose–volume histogram of V20 less than 25 per cent, and total radiation between 40 and 41·4 Gy. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were assessed at baseline and 1 month after nCRT. Radiation-induced lung injury (grade 2 or greater), comprehensive complications index (CCI) and pulmonary complications were monitored prospectively. Health-related quality of life was assessed among disease-free patients in survivorship.

Results

Some 228 patients were studied. Comparing pulmonary physiology values before with those after nCRT, FEV1 decreased from mean(s.d.) 96·8(17·7) to 91·5(20·4) per cent (–3·6(10·6) per cent; P < 0·001), FVC from 104·9(15·6) to 98·1(19·8) per cent (–3·2(11·9) per cent; P = 0·005) and DLCO from 97·6(20·7) to 82·2(20·4) per cent (–14·8(14·0) per cent; P < 0·001). Five patients (2·2 per cent) developed radiation-induced lung injury precluding surgical resection. Smoking (P = 0·005) and increased age (P < 0·001) independently predicted percentage change in DLCO. Carboplatin and paclitaxel with 41·4 Gy resulted in a greater DLCO decline than cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with 40 Gy (P = 0·001). On multivariable analysis, post-treatment DLCO predicted CCI (P = 0·006), respiratory failure (P = 0·020) and reduced physical function in survivorship (P = 0·047).

Conclusion

These data indicate that modern nCRT alters pulmonary physiology, in particular diffusion capacity, which is linked to short- and longer-term clinical consequences, highlighting a potentially modifiable index of risk.
Risk of newly detected infections and cervical abnormalities in adult women seropositive or seronegative for naturally acquired HPV‐16/18 antibodies
Authors: Rosillon Dominique , Baril Laurence , Del Rosario‐Raymundo Maria Rowena , Wheeler Cosette Marie , Skinner Susan Rachel , Garland Suzanne Marie , Salmeron Jorge , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo , Vallejos Carlos Santiago , Stoney Tanya , ter Harmsel Bram , Lim Timothy Yong Kuei , Quek Swee Chong , Minkina Galina , McNeil Shelly Ann , Bouchard Celine , Fong Kah Leng , Money Deborah , Ilancheran Arunachalam , Savicheva Alevtina , Cruickshank Margaret , Chatterjee Archana , Fiander Alison , Martens Mark , Bozonnat Marie Cecile , Struyf Frank , Dubin Gary , Castellsagué Xavier
Published: July 2019

Background

Infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 account for ~70% of invasive cervical cancers but the degree of protection from naturally acquired anti‐HPV antibodies is uncertain. We examined the risk of HPV infections as defined by HPV DNA detection and cervical abnormalities among women >25 years in the Human Papilloma VIrus Vaccine Immunogenicity ANd Efficacy trial's (VIVIANE, NCT00294047) control arm.

Methods

Serum anti‐HPV‐16/18 antibodies were determined at baseline and every 12 months in baseline DNA‐negative women (N = 2687 for HPV‐16 and 2705 for HPV‐18) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from blood samples. HPV infections were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) every 6‐months, and cervical abnormalities were confirmed by cytology every 12 months. Data were collected over a 7‐year period. The association between the risk of type‐specific infection and cervical abnormalities and serostatus was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Risk of newly detected HPV‐16‐associated 6‐month persistent infections (PI) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56 [95%CI:0.32; 0.99]) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US+) (HR = 0.28 [0.12; 0.67]) were significantly lower in baseline seropositive vs baseline seronegative women. HPV‐16‐associated incident infections (HR = 0.81 [0.56; 1.16]) and 12‐month PI (HR = 0.53 [0.24; 1.16]) showed the same trend. A similar trend of lower risk was observed in HPV‐18‐seropositive vs ‐seronegative women (HR = 0.95 [0.59; 1.51] for IIs, HR = 0.43 [0.16; 1.13] for 6‐month PIs, HR = 0.31 [0.07; 1.36] for 12‐month PIs, and HR = 0.61 [0.23; 1.61] for ASC‐US+).

Conclusions

Naturally acquired anti‐HPV‐16 antibodies were associated with a decreased risk of subsequent infection and cervical abnormalities in women >25 years. This possible protection was lower than that previously reported in 15‐ to 25‐year‐old women.
Developing a prediction model for disease‐free survival from upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in the Korean population
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Song Mi Kyung , Hong Bumsik , Kang Seok Ho , Jeong Byong Chang , Ku Ja Hyun , Seo Ho Kyung ,   Urothelial Cancer‐Advanced Research, Treatment (UCART) study group
Published: July 2019

Background

In this study, we aimed to propose a validated prediction model for disease‐free survival (DFS) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in a Korean population with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 1561 cases of UTUC who underwent either open RNU (ONU, n = 906) or laparoscopic RNU (LNU, n = 615) from five tertiary Korean institutions between January 2000 and December 2012. Data were used to develop a prediction model using the Cox proportional hazards model. Prognostic factors were selected using the backward variable selection method. The prediction model performance was investigated using Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and Hosmer‐Lemeshow type 2 statistics. Internal validation was performed using a bootstrap approach, and the National Cancer Center data set (n = 128) was used for external validation.

Results

A best‐fitting prediction model with seven significant factors was developed. The C‐index and two Hosmer‐Lemeshow type statistics of the prediction model were 0.785 (95% CI, 0.755‐0.815), 4.810 (P = 0.8506), and 5.285 (P = 0.8088). The optimism‐corrected estimate through the internal validation was 0.774 (95% CI, 0.744‐0.804) and the optimism‐corrected calibration curve was close to the ideal line with mean absolute error = 0.012. In external validation, the discrimination was 0.657 (95% CI, 0.560‐0.755) and the two calibration statistics were 0.790 (P = 0.9397) and 3.103 (P = 0.5408), respectively.

Conclusion

A validated prediction model based on a large Korean RNU cohort was developed with acceptable performance to estimate DFS in patients with UTUC.
Understanding the overlap between cyberbullying and cyberhate perpetration: Moderating effects of toxic online disinhibition
Authors: Wachs Sebastian , Wright Michelle F. , Vazsonyi Alexander T.
Published: July 2019

Background

Problem behaviour theory postulates that different forms of norm violations cluster and can be explained by similar antecedents. One such cluster may include cyberbullying and cyberhate perpetration. A potential explanatory mechanism includes toxic online disinhibition, characterised by anonymity, an inability to empathise and to recognise and interpret social cues. The current study to develop a better understanding of the relationship between cyberhate and cyberbullying to inform effective intervention and prevention efforts.

Aims

To test the link between cyberbullying and cyberhate and whether this relationship was moderated by toxic online disinhibition.

Methods

Self‐report questionnaires on cyberbullying, cyberhate, and toxic online disinhibition were completed by 1,480 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.21 years; SD = 1.68).

Results

Increases in cyberbullying perpetration and toxic online disinhibition were positively related to cyberhate perpetration. Furthermore, cyberbullies reported more cyberhate perpetration when they reported higher levels of toxic online disinhibition and less frequent cyberhate perpetration when they reported lower levels of toxic online disinhibition.

Conclusion

The current study provides evidence of a possible link between cyberbullying and cyberhate perpetration, moderated by toxic online disinhibition. This suggests that, to be effective, prevention and intervention programmes should (i) consider the co‐occurrence of varying forms of cyberaggression and (ii) consider potential effects of the online environment on aggressive online behaviour among young people.
Effect of incorporation of germinated flour and protein isolate from chickpea on different quality characteristics of rice‐based noodle
Authors: Sofi Sajad Ahmad , Singh Jagmohan , Chhikara Navnidhi , Panghal Anil
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives

Noodles from rice are consumed in most of the Asian countries due to ease in preparation and good consumer acceptability. So, the present study was designed to develop protein‐enriched noodles from rice flour and chickpea (germinated flour from 7% to 30% and protein isolate from 3% to 10%) and to investigate their physicochemical, cooking, rheology, electrophoretic properties, in vitro starch and protein digestibility and sensory evaluation.

Findings

The present study was carried out to access the effect of germinated flour (7%–30%) and protein isolate (3%–10%) from chickpea on rice‐based noodle qualities. Dynamic rheology of rice‐based noodle dough showed shear thinning behavior (G′ > G″) with weak gel‐like characteristics. All the rheological models (Power law, Herschel–Bulkley, Bingham, and Casson) used were best fitted to experimental data with coefficient of regression (R2) >93%. Results showed that with increase in level of the germinated chickpea flour and protein isolate, protein content (7.22%–14.35%), antioxidant activity (22.75%–33.79%), and total phenolic content (117.65–223.35 mg GAE/100 g) of the rice‐based noodles increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), whereas lightness, cooking time (13.35–10.13 min), cooking loss (7.38%–6.78%), cooked weight (41.40–33.15 g/100 g), percentage of starch gelatinization (65.36–41.26), and in vitro starch digestibility decreased significantly. The in vitro protein digestibility (78.68%–87.59%) of noodles increased significantly with added chickpea ingredients (germinated flour and protein isolate). The glycemic index (70.83 to 57.49) of the rice‐based noodles showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease with increase in level of chickpea ingredients (germinated flour and protein isolate). The chickpea‐enriched rice‐based noodle samples were characterized by a number of polypeptide with molecular weight from 250 to 10 kDa, with increased intensity of protein bands. Rice‐based noodles prepared with chickpea flour (20%) and protein isolate (8%) showed better overall acceptability on the basis of sensory evaluation.

Conclusions

Noodles prepared with germinated chickpea flour (20%) and chickpea protein isolate (8%) showed better acceptability on the basis of sensory score and recommended for noodle making with rice flour with improved noodle quality.

Significance and novelty

The research explored the possibility of germinated chickpea flour and protein isolate addition to rice for noodle formulation as functional food to target protein malnutrition, diabetes, and celiac diseases.
Interior Supported Hierarchical TiO2@Co3O4 Derived from MOF‐on‐MOF Architecture with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties for Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Yu , Hu Yongyuan , Zhao Hongsheng , Sun Yingying , Hua Ke , Chen Gang
Published: July 2019

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived materials are widely applied in functional materials with noble structures. Here, a well‐designed strategy for generating hierarchical double‐shelled nanoboxes is reported. Starting from the construction of hierarchical MOF‐on‐MOF architecture followed by a post‐annealing treatment, hierarchical TiO2@Co3O4 nanoboxes are successfully synthesized with an interior TiO2 shell supporting the outer hollow‐Co3O4‐aggregates shell with a CoTiO3 intermediate layer. The TiO2@Co3O4 electrode displays a superior lithium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity (920.5 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 200 mA g−1, 58.6 % higher than theoretical capacity), outstanding high‐rate long‐term cycling stability (838.6 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1, 44.5 % higher than theoretical capacity), and remarkable rate capability (good restorability at 2000 mA g−1). Furthermore, the morphology and electrochemical kinetic analysis proves that TiO2@Co3O4 has a more stable structure, higher capacitive contribution, and better Li‐ion diffusion, which enhance the lithium‐storage performance.
Polarity‐Induced Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) in a Pair of Supramolecular Isomeric Multifunctional Dynamic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Halder Arijit , Bhattacharya Biswajit , Haque Fazle , Dinda Susanta , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: July 2019

A pair of supramolecular isomers of CdII‐based MOF have been synthesized by utilizing a flexible N,N′‐donor linker and a dicarboxylate with ESIPT (excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer) fluorophore by varying the reaction media. One of the MOFs has a 3D four‐fold interpenetrating framework with guest solvent in the structure that undergoes a solvent‐dependent crystalline‐to‐crystalline structural transformation, which has been extensively studied by powder XRD and IR spectroscopy. The other MOF is structurally rigid in nature and has a two‐fold interpenetrating structure without any guest molecules. Both the compounds show moderate CO2 adsorption and one of them, the MOF with the four‐fold interpenetrating structure, also shows moderately high H2 adsorption. Furthermore, both the compounds show interesting luminescence behavior. In the solid state, the two compounds show single‐peak spectra, whereas upon suspension of these compounds in polar solvents, the maxima split into two peaks with a large Stokes shift. On the other hand, in nonpolar solvents, only one emission maximum is observed. This solvatochromic dual‐emission phenomenon is due to ESIPT, which has been extensively studied.
Ferrocenes with a Persulfurated Cyclopentadienyl Ring: Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Blockhaus Tobias , Klein‐Heßling Christian , Zehetmaier Peter M. , Zott Fabian L. , Jangra Harish , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Sünkel Karlheinz
Published: July 2019

Persulfurated arenes are a fascinating class of functional molecules with a wide range of potential applications. Ferrocenes are also a multifaceted class of aromatic compounds that can easily be finetuned for an enormous variety of desired properties. A combination of both substance classes might yield an even wider field of applications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of two ferrocenes with one persulfurated cyclopentadienyl ring [C5(SR)5], with R=Me or Ph, together with their crystal structures, optical, and electrochemical properties. Both crystal structures show significant intramolecular sulfur‐iron interactions as well as weak intermolecular sulfur– contacts. Cyclovoltammetry of the [C5(SPh)5] compound shows a high oxidation potential of 651 mV vs. FcH/FcH+.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed sp3 C—Si Bond Forming Consecutive Reactions
Authors: Park Sehoon
Published: July 2019

Transition metal‐catalyzed hydrosilylation is one of the most widely utilized reduction methods as an alternative to hydrogenation in academia and industry. One feature distinct from hydrogenation would be able to install sp3 C—Si bond(s) onto substrates skeleton via hydrosilylation of alkenes. Recently, B(C6F5)3 with hydrosilanes has been demonstrated to be an efficient, metal‐free catalyst system for the consecutive transformation of heteroatom‐containing substrates accompanied by the formation of sp3 C—Si bond(s), which has not been realized thus far under the transition metal‐catalyzed hydrosilylative conditions. In this review, I outline the B(C6F5)3‐mediated consecutive hydrosilylations of heteroarenes containing quinolines, pyridines, and furans, and of conjugated nitriles/imines to provide a new family of compounds having sp3 C—Si bond(s) with high chemo‐, regio‐ and/or stereoselectivities. The silylative cascade conversion of unactivated N‐aryl piperidines to sila‐N‐heterocycles catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 involving consecutive dehydrogenation, hydrosilylation, and intramolecular C(sp2)—H silylation, is presented in another section. Chemical selectivity and mechanism of the boron catalysis focused on the sp3 C—Si bond formation are highlighted.
[18F]PRIMATX, a New Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Imaging of Autotaxin in Lung Tissue and Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Briard Emmanuelle , Joshi Aniket D. , Shanmukhappa Shiva , Ilovich Ohad , Auberson Yves P.
Published: July 2019

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme with tissue levels associated with tissue injury, which increase during wound healing and chronic fibrotic diseases. We selected [18F](R,E)‐3‐(4‐chloro‐2‐((5‐methyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)methyl)phenyl)‐1‐(4‐((5‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one ([18F]PRIMATX, [18F]2), a tracer for positron emission tomography, to image ATX expression in vivo. It successfully differentiates expression levels in lung tissue samples from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, and allows the detection of ATX‐expressing tumors in living mice, confirming its potential for development as a clinical imaging agent.
Ultrafast, Facile, and Scalable Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis Method to Prepare Nickel Sulfide Nanosheets for High Energy Density Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Younas Waqar , Cao Chuanbao , Rafai Souleymen , Khalid Syed , Wang Zhitao , Qiao Chen
Published: July 2019

A fast, easy, and scalable microwave‐assisted synthesis method is introduced to prepare NiS nanosheets (NiS NS). Two‐dimensional mesoporous NiS NS with high specific surface area of 210 m2 g−1 is capable of excellent electrochemical performance on carbon cloth. It possesses an excellent specific capacitance of 2241 F g−1 (271 mA h g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1 and retention of 88.3% at higher current density, indicating its remarkable rate capability. The hybrid asymmetric capacitor acquires an outstanding energy density of 73.1 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 800 Wk g−1, and high energy density of 42.6 Wh kg−1 is maintained at an extremely high power density of 12800 W kg−1. Moreover, the assembled device shows stable performance for long‐term operation (retention of 75.2% after 10000 cycles). In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge(GCD) measurements are used to investigate the impact of the current collector on the electrochemical performance of the active material. This work may provide a pathway to synthesize low‐cost and efficient electrode materials by using the microwave for portable hybrid energy devices.
Graphene Oxide Induced High Crystallinity of SAPO‐11 Molecular Sieves for Improved Alkane Isomerization Performance
Authors: Du Yanyan , Yao Heliang , Zhao Lei , Yang Hongmei , Wang Min , Yuan Long , Xu Yanhui , Li Jiusheng
Published: July 2019

In the presence of graphene oxide (GO), highly crystallized SAPO‐11 molecular sieves were prepared by a non‐solvent method. The functional groups of GO bind with raw materials, with the formation of hydrogen bonds and acid amides, verified by the XPS analysis. The inorganic precursor and structure‐directing agent molecules will be fixed on the surface of GO, increasing the reaction rate and crystallization for SAPO‐11 preparation, confirmed by the XRD and BET results. Meanwhile, the IR analysis of the adsorption of pyridine indicates there are more acidic sites for the highly crystallized SAPO‐11 sample. The resultant well‐crystallized SAPO‐11 molecular sieves exhibited greater isomer yield and better catalytic activity compared to traditional SAPO‐11 prepared without GO.
Effect of color temperature on appearance of paintings exhibited under LED lighting
Authors: Bhattacharjee Amrita , Pal Swati
Published: July 2019

Colour of light modulates the appearance of displayed artifacts in exhibition. To understand the effect of light on appearance of paintings, few studies have experimented to establish a relation between pleasantness with the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of light. However, some studies have found that CCT has no significant effect on pleasant appearance of painting. Therefore, in this article, an experiment with a qualitative (questionnaire on semantic differential scale, N = 30) approach was designed to understand the effect of CCT on appearance of paintings exhibited under LED lights. The findings from the experimental result depict that the appearance of paintings changes due to different CCTs of LEDs having the same illuminance. In addition, the result reveals that for both mediums of paintings considered in this study, in comparison to warm white LED and artificial daylight LED, cool white LED has appeared to be more pleasant having moderately warm feelings to the viewers.
Glycoluril Clips for the Construction of Chemoresponsive Supramolecular Polymer Networks through Homodimer Cross‐Links
Authors: Gosecki Mateusz , Urbaniak Malgorzata , Gosecka Monika
Published: July 2019

The formation of polymer supramolecular networks exhibiting selective sensitivity toward a narrow class of organic compounds is still a significant challenge within the area of reversibly cross‐linked materials. Glycoluril molecular clips are U‐shaped molecules, which, besides the ability to undergo self‐sorting homodimerization, exhibit selectively high molecular recognition of dihydroxyaromatic species. A glycoluril clip diol was introduced into a polymer backbone by using standard polyurethane chemistry. Immobilization of the molecular clip along the polyurethane macromolecule (Glyc Clip‐polyurethane) was shown to preserve the native association properties of the clip. Clip motifs embedded in macromolecules form homodimer cross‐links in CHCl3 and the resulting structures have a thermoresponsive character. The strength of homodimerization Khomodimer varies from 7.74 104 l mol−1 at 265 K to 9.47 102 l mol−1 at 315 K. A 30 wt % solution of Glyc Clip‐polyurethane undergoes gelation at room temperature and exhibits a constant elastic modulus, approximately 3.1 ⋅ 104 Pa, in the broad investigated frequency range. The obtained organogels exhibit selective chemoresponsive properties in the presence of resorcinol, which was demonstrated with 1H high‐resolution magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy and rheological measurements.
The presence of a cryptic barrier in the West Pacific Ocean suggests the effect of glacial climate changes on a widespread sea‐dispersed plant, Vigna marina (Fabaceae)
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Tsuda Yoshiaki , Takayama Koji , Nagashima Reiko , Tateishi Yoichi , Kajita Tadashi
Published: July 2019

Ocean currents are an important driver of evolution for sea‐dispersed plants, enabling them to maintain reciprocal gene flow via sea‐dispersed diaspores and obtain wide distribution ranges. Although geographic barriers are known to be the primary factors shaping present genetic structure of sea‐dispersed plants, cryptic barriers which form clear genetic structure within oceanic regions are poorly understood. To test the presence of a cryptic barrier, we conducted a phylogeographic study together with past demographic inference for a widespread sea‐dispersed plant, Vigna marina, using 308 individuals collected from the entire Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) region. Chloroplast DNA variation showed strong genetic structure that separated populations into three groups: North Pacific (NP), South Pacific (SP) and Indian Ocean (IN) (F′CT among groups = 0.954–1.000). According to the Approximate Bayesian computation inference, splitting time between NP and SP was approximately 20,200 years (95%HPD, 4,530–95,400) before present. Moreover, a signal of recent population expansion was detected in the NP group. This study clearly showed the presence of a cryptic barrier in the West Pacific region of the distributional range of V. marina. The locations of the cryptic barrier observed in V. marina corresponded to the genetic breaks found in other plants, suggesting the presence of a common cryptic barrier for sea‐dispersed plants. Demographic inference suggested that genetic structure related to this cryptic barrier has been present since the last glacial maximum and may reflect patterns of past population expansion from refugia.
Does past evolutionary history under different mating regimes influence the demographic dynamics of interspecific competition?
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke , Kondoh Michio , Sota Teiji
Published: July 2019

Interspecific interactions are contingent upon organism phenotypes, and thus phenotypic evolution can modify interspecific interactions and affect ecological dynamics. Recent studies have suggested that male–male competition within a species selects for capability to reproductively interfere with a closely related species. Here, we examine the effect of past evolutionary history under different mating regimes on the demographic dynamics of interspecific competition in Callosobruchus seed beetles. We used previously established experimental evolution lines of Callosobruchus chinensis that evolved under either forced lifelong monogamy or polygamy for 17 generations, and examined the demographic dynamics of competition between these C. chinensis lines and a congener, Callosobruchus maculatus. Callosobruchus chinensis was competitively excluded by C. maculatus in all trials. Time series data analyses suggested that reproductive interference from C. chinensis was relatively more important in the trials involving polygamous C. chinensis than those involving monogamous C. chinensis, in accordance with the potentially higher reproductive interference capability of polygamous C. chinensis. However, the estimated signs and magnitudes of interspecific interactions were not fully consistent with this explanation, implying the evolution of not only reproductive interference but also other interaction mechanisms. Our study thus suggests multifaceted effects of sexually selected traits on interspecific competitive dynamics.
A native parasitic plant and soil microorganisms facilitate a native plant co‐occurrence with an invasive plant
Authors: Li Junmin , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Yu Feihai , Dong Ming
Published: July 2019

Invasive plants often interact with antagonists that include native parasitic plants and pathogenic soil microbes, which may reduce fitness of the invaders. However, to date, most of the studies on the ecological consequences of antagonistic interactions between invasive plants and the resident biota focused only on pairwise interactions. A full understanding of invasion dynamics requires studies that test the effects of multiple antagonists on fitness of invasive plants and co‐occurring native plants. Here, we used an invasive plant Mikania micrantha, a co‐occurring native plant Coix lacryma‐jobi, and a native holoparasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to test whether parasitism on M. micrantha interacts with soil fungi and bacteria to reduce fitness of the invader and promote growth of the co‐occurring native plant. In a factorial setup, M. micrantha and C. lacryma‐jobi were grown together in pots in the presence versus absence of parasitism on M. micrantha by C. campestris and in the presence versus absence of full complements of soil bacteria and fungi. Fungicide and bactericide were used to suppress soil fungi and bacteria, respectively. Findings show that heavy parasitism by C. campestris caused the greatest reduction in M. micrantha biomass when soil fungi and bacteria were suppressed. In contrast, the co‐occurring native plant C. lacryma‐jobi experienced the greatest increase in biomass when grown with heavily parasitized M. micrantha and in the presence of a full complement of soil fungi and bacteria. Taken together, our results suggest that selective parasitism on susceptible invasive plants by native parasitic plants and soil microorganisms may diminish competitive ability of invasive plants and facilitate native plant coexistence with invasive plants.
A Feasible Industrialized Process for Producing High Purity Diacylglycerols with No Contaminants
Authors: Li Daoming , Qin Xiaoli , Sun Baoguo , Wang Weifei , Wang Yonghua
Published: July 2019

Industrial production of high purity diacylglycerols (DAGs) is still a challenge around the world because of contaminant formation during DAG production, such as glycidyl esters (GEs), 3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol esters (3‐MCPDEs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs). This study develops a feasible industrialized process for producing high purity DAGs with no contaminants by combining enzymatic esterification, three‐stage molecular distillation, bleaching, and stream stripping deodorization. After immobilized SMG1‐F278N‐catalyzed esterification in a packed bed reactor at 30 °C, the product contains 50.87% DAGs, 32.82% monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and 16.31% FAs. The resultant DAGs are subsequently purified by a three‐stage molecular distillation at 150, 160, and 160 °C, respectively, followed by bleaching under vacuum (2 kPa) at 65 °C and deodorization under vacuum (100 Pa) at 160 °C. Contaminants containing GEs, 3‐MCPDEs, and TFAs are undetectable throughout the whole process of DAG preparation. The final DAG product contains 99.74% DAGs and shows good quality indices (peroxide value of 2.05 mmol kg−1 and undetectable acid value). Overall, this study proposes a new industrial strategy for the production of DAGs with high purity and quality, which may promote the re‐commercialization of DAGs in the near future.

Practical Applications: DAGs were widely sold in Japan and America as healthy cooking oils owing to their health promoting properties, however, sales of DAGs were stopped after the detection of the potential carcinogen of GEs seriously exceeded the allowed value in DAGs. This study proposes a feasible industrialized process for producing high purity and quality DAGs with no contaminants including GEs, 3‐MCPDEs, and TFAs. The immobilized SMG1‐F278N that fills in packed bed reactor for DAG production can be used for at least a half year without significant loss in its esterification activity, indicating that the proposed process is an economical process. Overall, the proposed economical strategy may shed light for future production of edible, available, and safe DAGs.

A feasible industrialized process for producing high purity diacylglycerols (DAGs) with no contaminants is proposed. Overall, the proposed economical strategy may shed light for future production of edible, available, and safe DAGs.
Fat Matters for Bugs: How Lipids and Lipid Modifications Make the Difference in Bacterial Life
Authors: Sperandeo Paola , Polissi Alessandra , De Fabiani Emma
Published: July 2019

Lipids are building blocks of biological membranes in the three domains of life and are endowed with several important biological functions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a peculiar glycolipid that represents the hallmark of the cell envelope of Gram‐negative bacteria, a group comprising several important human pathogens. The presence of LPS in the outer membrane (OM) of Gram‐negative bacteria correlates not only with the intrinsic resistance of this group of bacteria toward several antibiotics currently in use, but also with the worrisome increase in antibiotic resistance that is depleting the arsenal of efficacious molecules to cure bacterial infections. LPS consists of a conserved internal moiety decorated by a more variable distal unit. Several modifications occur at the canonical LPS structure during bacterial infection which are exploited by the microorganism to co‐evolve with the host thus evading its immune system. This viewpoint article discusses the current knowledge on LPS biogenesis and modification systems and their consequences on recognition by immune cells and antimicrobial resistance. It also discusses how knowledge on LPS biogenesis can be exploited to develop molecules able to dismantle the Gram‐negative protective barrier and to interfere with the interaction with the mammalian host.

Practical Applications: Antibiotic resistance is a major threat for human health leading to inefficacy of many antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Resistance to antibiotics causes around 25 000 deaths per year in the European Union alone and 700 000 deaths per year globally. This results in an increase of 1.5 billion euros per year in healthcare costs and productivity losses for illness. Gram‐negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, due to their LPS‐coated cell surface that protects them from the environment. LPS is sensed by the host immune system as a signal of bacterial infection, moreover bacteria exploit the complexity of LPS modifications to modulate the host immune response and eventually escape it. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying LPS biogenesis, including the physico‐chemical and biological consequences of its lipid modifications, will be instrumental to develop novel antibiotic treatments aimed at dismantling the Gram‐negative bacteria barrier and restoring drug sensitivity.

The hallmark of Gram‐negative bacteria is the presence of an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane (inner membrane, IM), whose outer leaflet is made by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A layer of peptidoglycan (PG) is sandwiched in between. LPS endows the bacteria with increased resistance to many antibiotics and is the first line of interaction with the host cell immune system. Chemical modifications of the canonical LPS structure determine different stimulatory effects of the immune response and allow the bacteria to escape from the killing action of effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides.
Chiral separation of lansoprazole and rabeprazole by capillary electrophoresis using dual cyclodextrin systems
Authors: Papp Lajos Attila , Hancu Gabriel , Gyéresi Árpád , Kelemen Hajnal , Szabó Zoltán‐István , Noszál Béla , Dubský Pavel , Tóth Gergő
Published: July 2019

Novel capillary electrophoresis methods using CDs as chiral selectors were developed and validated for the chiral separation of lansoprazole and rabeprazole, two proton pump inhibitors. Fourteen different neutral and anionic CDs were screened at pH 4 and 7 in the preliminary analysis. Sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD with a degree of substitution of 6.5 and 10 at neutral pH proved to be the most suitable chiral selector for both compounds. Various dual CD systems were also compared, and the possible mechanisms of enantiomer separation were investigated. A dual selector system containing sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD degree of substitution 6.5 and native γ‐CD proved to be the most adequate system for the separations. Method optimization was carried out using an experimental design approach, performing an initial fractional factorial screening design, followed by a central composite design to establish the optimal analytical conditions. The optimized methods (25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7, 10 mM sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD/20 mM γ‐CD, +20 kV voltage; 17°C temperature; 50 mbar/3 s injection, detection at 210 nm for lansoprazole; 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7, 15 mM sulfobutyl‐ether‐β‐CD/30 mM γ‐CD, +20 kV voltage; 18°C temperature; 50 mbar/3 s injection, detection at 210 nm for rabeprazole) provided baseline separation for lansoprazole (Rs = 2.91) and rabeprazole (Rs = 2.53) enantiomers with favorable migration order (in both cases the S‐enantiomers migrates first). The optimized methods were validated according to current guidelines and proved to be reliable, linear, precise, and accurate for the determination of 0.15% distomer as chiral impurity in dexlansoprazole and dexrabeprazole samples.
A multi‐attack resilient lightweight IoT authentication scheme
Authors: Adeel Adil , Ali Mazhar , Khan Abdul Nasir , Khalid Tauqeer , Rehman Faisal , Jararweh Yaser , Shuja Junaid
Published: July 2019

Majority of the devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) are deployed in an environment that is susceptible to cyber‐attacks. Due to the resource‐constraint nature of IoT, it is very hard to meet the security challenges that arise due to the deployment of IoT devices in the unsecure environment. In this context, the authentication of IoT devices is one of the core challenges. Many protocols have been designed to address and overcome the security issues that stem from the authentication failure. However, many of these protocols are designed using the complex cryptographic techniques that may not be supported by IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a lightweight and secure mutual authentication scheme for resource constraint IoT devices. The proposed scheme is robust against cyber‐attacks, such as impersonation, modification, session key disclosure, and eavesdropping attacks. The security of the proposed scheme is formally tested using the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool and found the scheme to be secure in the Dolev‐Yao attack model. Moreover, the performance features such as communication overhead, computation time, and the turnaround time of the proposed scheme are evaluated and compared with the recent schemes of same category, where the proposed scheme shows a balance of performance without compromising the security features.
Chemoprevention of elite tea variety CFT‐1 rich in EGCG against chemically induced liver cancer in rats
Authors: Liao Sufeng , Lin Jinke , Liu Jianghong , Chen Tuansheng , Xu Ming , Zheng Jingui
Published: July 2019

Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. CFT‐1 is an elite tea variety bred by sexual hybridization with a high content of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) as 134.2 mg/g (which is 2.54‐fold that of the common variety). This study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of CFT‐1 green tea infusion (CFT‐1) against N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its mechanisms. The results showed that CFT‐1 had a superior inhibitory effect in NDEA‐initiated hepatocarcinogenesis compared to that of common tea. CFT‐1 significantly reduced the hepatic nodules incidence, size, and number and prevented the hepatic adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. In particular, CFT‐1‐treated animals had the least incidence of HCC (8.33%) followed by common tea treatment (40.00%) and model control rats (87.50%). CFT‐1 treatment significantly ameliorated abnormal liver function enzymes, reduced serum AFP, CEA, TSGF, and TNF‐α levels, inhibited the dickkopf‐related protein‐1 expression, enhanced antioxidant capacity, suppressed the production of livers 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and regulated hepatic phase I and II xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis of liver tissue suggested that compared to common tea, administration of CFT‐1 regulated larger gene sets, which were located in several important pathways of antioxidants, inflammatory network, xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metabolism associated with liver tumorigenesis. We identified some genes as potential molecular targets involved in the prevention of CFT‐1 and found that CFT‐1 inhibited inflammation response, proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis by inhibiting NF‐κB and PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, EGCG‐rich CFT‐1 green tea might be a potential choice for liver cancer prevention/treatment in the future.