bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of vocational lecturer’s work environment on innovative work behavior and creative self-efficiency
Authors: Herijanto Pudji , Fiernaningsih Nilawati , Widayani Anna , Fauzi Ahmad , Himmah Mahmudatul
Published: August 2023

Lecturers have an essential role in achieving higher education goals. One of them is by being innovative in implementing learning. Currently, a severe problem for lecturers is developing innovative ideas and behavior. This study examines how the work environment of vocational lecturers influences innovative work behavior and self-efficacy. The sample comprised 361 vocational lecturers in East Java, Indonesia, who took part in an offline survey to collect the data. Using SmartPLS, the collected data were then examined. The results of the study show that transglobal leadership has a significant effect on creative self-efficacy with a t-statistic value of 6.893. Organizational culture also greatly influences innovative work behavior with a t-statistic of 5.507, and organizational culture significantly affects creative self-efficacy with a t-statistic of 2.048. In addition, creative self-efficacy significantly affects how innovative lecturers work with a t-statistic of 20.925. This study is relevant because it examines the relationship between transglobal leadership, organizational culture, creative self-efficacy, and innovative work behavior, which has not received much academic attention.
The digital image and company’s value
Authors:   International Laboratory of Intangible-Driven Economy, HSE University, Molodchik Maria A. , Gagarin Alexander S. ,   LLC “Edumarket”, Eltyshev Roman A. ,   LLC “Uralitech”
Published: August 2023

Goal: the paper evaluates the impact of a company’s digital image on its value. Methodology: the authors use panel data analysis applied to a large array of information on the news of the 25 largest US medias, the Google Trends web application and the Twitter social network for the period from 2017 to 2022 for companies from the NASDAQ-100 index. Findings: the findings revealed that the popularity of the company on the Internet, the number of tweets, the information polarity in digital channels and the frequency of mentioning Robotics and CRM technologies signifi cantly positively affect company’s value. At the same time, the amount of news and information about Big Data technology has a negative impact on investor expectations. Originality and contribution of the authors: to the best of our knowledge this study is the first one introducing a definition of the company’s digital image and indicators for its measurement. The authors emphasis the specific characteristics of digital channels, such as visibility, information content, involvement, reliability and the sentiment analysis of company’s information in the digital space.
Selling price management of a highly liquid asset under given volume constraints
Authors:   Economic faculty, St. Petersburg State University, Vavilov Sergey A. , Svetlov Kirill V. ,   Graduate School of Industrial Economics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Pustovalova Tatiana A. ,   Graduate School of Management, Saint-Petersburg State University
Published: August 2023

Goal: this paper considers the selling strategy of a highly liquid asset traded at market prices. The purpose of this paper is to develop a management that provides an improvement in the weighted average selling price. Methodology: it is assumed that market prices follow a diffusion process in which the drift and volatility coefficients are random functions of time. Under thegiven assumptions, using the stochastic differential equation theory we build a sales management in which only the prices of exchange transactions act as feedback. Findings: the management constructed in the present research allows the seller to hedge against sharp drops in market prices by artificially raising the weighted average selling price due to the implementation of a speculative trading strategy. Originality and contribution of the authors: in contrast to the management proposed earlier, this paper provides a lower limit on the minimum number of assets that must be traded, as well as constraints on the maximum possible number of assets allowed to be traded. Examples of virtual trading on real world exchanges are given, demonstrating the effect of the imposed restrictions on the values of the weighted average selling prices.
STAGES OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY: POLITICO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shestopal Elena , Rogach Nikolay ,   The Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at the Institute of Scientific Information in Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological state of Russian society (PSO) at different stages of its transformation. The article is based on three studies of recent years. Thus, during the first stage (study of November 2017) before Presidential elections of 2018 we have found the high level of societal consolidation around the President, improvement of perception of all the main political actors, weakening of the complex of “national inferiority“ that was formed from the mid-1980-s till the “Crimean spring”. At the same time, these positive characteristics got along with negative trends; political apathy and cynicism. At the second stage — the pandemic period (study of spring-autumn 2021) PSS had substantially declined. Covid-19 strongly weakened the Russian society. Change of the life conditions was reflected in images of authorities, power institutions and leaders, transformed political predispositions and values of Russians who experienced severe depression and were totally demobilized in the face of the threats that grew more and more both from inside and from outside. At the third stage (study of April-May 2022) special military operation in Donbas had totally ousted pandemia from the public mind and caused reformatting of mass consciousness never seen before. One could observe high consolidation of society around the president. It is not just a situational consolidation around a flag. Deep positive trends that started to be formed in 2014, have strengthened and now dominate. Crimean consensus turned into Donbas consensus. Simultaneously the value split took place.
RUSSOPHOBIA CONCEPT IN MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gutorov Vladimir , Myrikova Anna ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shirinyants Alexander ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: August 2023

Russophobia is one of the most odious phenomena that Russia has been facing for several centuries. At present, the Russophobic ideology has been adopted by almost all major Western countries; it determines the political agenda in the confrontation of these countries with Russia. To effectively oppose this policy, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the origins of the Russophobic policy. The study and criticism of Russophobia presuppose the reconstruction of historical events, social factors and political ideas that constitute the origins of this phenomenon as well as the main directions of its evolution. It is important also to identify the main trends and versions of Russophobic ideology and investigate the place and role of Russophobic stereotypes in the public consciousness and ideological conflicts in the modern world. First of all, it is necessary to define the concept of “Russophobia” and evaluate the evolution of Russophobic discourse in socio-political life of the XIX–XXI centuries. The article characterizes various ways of presenting Russophobia in political science discourse, showing the multifaceted and multifunctional nature of this political and ideological phenomenon based on fear of a strong Russia which is perceived as the “despotic antithesis” of European “democratic” civilization, as well as contempt for the “barbaric” and “slavishly submissive to the authorities” Russian people. A comparative analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of “Russophobia” is carried out. The connection of Russophobia with ideology and propaganda is revealed. The following characteristic features of anti-Russian stamps, clichés, negative stereotypes that, in fact, constitute Russophobia are determined: falsification of historical data, the reporting of ridiculous information about Russia and Russians, the use of various kinds of fakes, reader manipulation techniques — forgeries, hoaxes, half-truths etc. The authors substantiate the position that only strong and independent Russia defending its national interests and civilizational values can resist successfully this global stream of political propaganda.
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A PLATFORM FOR STAKEHOLDERS OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Zotov Vitaly , Vasilenko Liudmila ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Zakharova Svetlana ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: August 2023

The article considers the social network space of public communications as an field for the interaction of various groups of stakeholders who are ready to decide and act in the interests of society. At the theoretical level, the authors reveal the importance and prospects of organizing the interaction of stakeholders in social media to solve socially significant problems, and as well as in practice they present the results of an expert survey, within the framework of which it was possible to identify various groups of stakeholders of the public administration system, see the differentiation of their interests, the relationship built between them, their role in the process of interaction in social media, and obstacles to this interaction. Among the important results of an expert survey the authors note the opinion that social media contribute to the self-organization of stakeholders in solving problems affecting the local community; help to hold officials accountable, perhaps because of the possibility of criticism of their activities in the social network public space; informing stakeholders with feedback elements make the dominant way to interact. The authors conclude that despite attempts to combine the efforts of stakeholders in the socio-network space, it is impossible to fully identify their subjectivity. There also remains the problem of organizing the moderation of community consolidation processes in solving socially significant problems, since at present there are no full-fledged mechanisms for the interaction of power and society both when identifying social problems and in the process of developing and implementing management decisions.
FEATURES OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES OF THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND RISKS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Morozova Svetlana , Budko Diana ,   St. Petersburg State University, Babyuk Irina ,   United Shipbuilding Corporation
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of political communication in the modern world. As an example, we study virtual communities in the Telegram messenger and the VKontakte social network. The text examines the specifics of the modern digital era, and, in particular, its phenomenon as virtual political communication, as one of the main horizontal ways of communication between individuals. The author emphasizes the inherent nature of the process of mediatization of politics in the modern world, as well as such an important aspect of it as awareness of oneself as a citizen as a direct participant in the implementation of power interactions. Special emphasis in the work is placed on the practices that currently exist in the Russian Federation. In particular, there is an increase in the interest of Russians in political events and, as a result, taking into account the global political situation, not only the growth of the popularity of VKontakte and Telegram, but also the emergence of new innovations, as well as the growth of the popularity of the former ones. There are three main groups of publics: media; communities of political actors; around topical key political issues. The changes in political communication between citizens and the state are investigated. The article provides recommendations on how best to carry out this interaction from the point of view of public authorities: high-quality visual content with an emphasis on concise videos and “presence effect”; user-oriented content marketing; effective speech communication; temporal strategy. There is a request for how, in the conditions of numerous fake and discrediting publications, to increase confidence in public authorities at all levels.
CZYN POPEŁNIONY W „AFEKCIE” WEDŁUG KONCEPCJI ARYSTOTELESA
Authors: Kubiak Przemysław
Published: August 2023

Dzieła filozofczne stanowią jedno z ważnych źródeł poznania praw antyku. Pośród nich Etyki Arystotelesa zasługują na szczególne wyróżnienie. Bogactwo i dojrzałość jego myśli inspirować mogą do reﬂeksji nad obowiązującym systemem prawa. Filozof poświęca znaczną część swoich rozważań rozróżnieniu działań zależnych i niezależnych od woli człowieka. Na ich tle czyni kilka ważnych uwag na temat oceny moralnej czynów popełnionych pod wpływem emocji, które odnieść można do ich oceny prawnej. W jego reﬂeksjach wybrzmiewają też reminiscencje szerokiego wachlarza współczesnych instytucji prawa karnego: od zagadnień związanych z pojęciem czynu, rodzajem i stopniem winy sprawcy oraz przymusem i brakiem świadomości, po bardziej wysublimowane kwestie, jak niepoczytalność, zawinienie na przedpolu czynu czy właśnie czyny popełnione w „afekcie”.
ZE SPUŚCIZNY PROFESORA CEZAREGO KUNDEREWICZA. POPULARYZATOR NAUKI
Authors: Pikulska-Radomska Anna , Skrzywanek-Jaworska Dagmara
Published: August 2023

Dzięki uprzejmości s. Teresy Kunderewicz CR do Katedry Prawa Rzymskiego Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego trafiła część spuścizny Profesora Cezarego Kunderewicza (1912-1990). Profesor był kierownikiem Katedry Prawa Rzymskiego Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego od 1961 r. do odejścia na emeryturę w roku 1982. Dotychczasowe publikacje na temat tego znakomitego polskiego papirologa, znawcy praw klinowych, historyka antyku i romanisty prawniczego koncentrowały się przede wszystkim na zaprezentowaniu Jego dorobku oraz osiągnięć naukowych. Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia Profesora jako uczonego obdarzonego talentem do popularyzowania nauki. To niezwykłe, że w niesprzyjających okolicznościach, niejako wbrew przeciwnościom losu, Profesorowi udawało się tworzyć tak mądrze i lekko napisane, niebanalne i unikatowe w swym temacie prace popularnonaukowe. Ponieważ są one dziś praktycznie niedostępne, artykuł przedstawia je nieco bliżej.
‘FURIOSUS SI HOMINEM OCCIDERIT NON TENETUR’. RECEPCJA RZYMSKICH ROZWIĄZAŃ DOTYCZĄCYCH WYŁĄCZENIA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI KARNEJ OSÓB CHORYCH UMYSŁOWO W ŚREDNIOWIECZNYM USTAWODAWSTWIE SYCYLIJSKIM ORAZ PRAWIE KANONICZNYM Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM POGLĄDÓW ÓWCZESNEJ JURYSPRUDENCJI (XII-XIV W.)
Authors: Zalewski Bartosz
Published: August 2023

Problematyka wyłączenia odpowiedzialności karnej osób niepoczytalnych w chwili popełnienia czynu w prawie rzymskim doczekała się już szerszego omówienia w literaturze. Zdecydowanie mniej uwagi poświęcono kwestii recepcji rozwiązań rzymskich w prawie średniowiecznym. Zagadnienie to jest tymczasem istotne z punktu widzenia rozważań stricte historycznych, odnoszących się do kwestii funkcjonowania ówczesnego wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych (w zakresie dotyczącym sprawców niepoczytalnych). Pogłębiona analiza omawianej problematyki pozwala jednocześnie stwierdzić, że recypowanie rzymskich rozwiązań do prawodawstwa karnego królów sycylijskich oraz do prawa kanonicznego wpłynęło również na rozwój teoretycznej reﬂeksji nad pojęciem przestępstwa, a przede wszystkim znamion jego strony podmiotowej (elementu subiektywnego). Rozstrzygnięcie zagadnienia, czy sprawca niepoczytalny objęty jest jedynie klauzulą niekaralności, czy też może w ogóle nie dopuszcza się przestępstwa z uwagi na brak zdolności do ponoszenia winy, przyczyniło się bowiem do ugruntowania się stanowiska, że jedynie czyn zawiniony może stanowić przestępstwo.
Balance Impairment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kent Ali Erman , Gürses Emre , Karabekiroğlu Figen , Genç Aydan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Balance weaknesses related to mobility and fall risk in patients with rheumatic
diseases are well-known. Vestibular dysfunction could negatively contribute to the balance
ability of this patient population. This study aims to investigate the effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis
(RA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), among the most common rheumatic diseases, on postural
balance related to vestibular function

Methods:

Seventy-eight participants were grouped as RA (n=34, 43%), AS (n=24, 30.7%), and the
control group consisted of healthy individuals (n=20, 25.6%). Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic
Potentials (cVEMP) test, which assesses the vestibular function objectively, Dizziness Handicap
Inventory (DHI), which evaluates vertigo subjectively, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were
performed..

Results:

Different degrees of VEMP latency prolongations were found in the AS and RA groups.
Right, and left ear N1 latencies were significantly longer in the AS group than in RA and control.
Right ear P1 latency prolongation was statistically significant in the RA group. Amplitude asymmetry
ratio (AAR) was found to be considerably higher in the RA and AS groups than in the control
group (p < 0.05). The mean BBS score in the AS group was below the fall risk score of 45. A negative
statistically significant effect was observed between latency prolongation and BBS in AS
groups.

Conclusion:

The abnormal VEMP findings in individuals with RA and AS shows inner ear vestibular
system dysfunction. This vestibular impairment strictly contributes to their postural imbalance
and requires a focused vestibular rehabilitation program for balance treatment.
Anticancer Activity of Novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives against PARP-1
Inhibitors: An In-silico Approach
Authors: Patel Praveen Kumar , Negi Preeya , Arun Sowmiya , Lakshmanan Kaviarasan , Byran Gowramma , Rajagopal Kalirajan , Swaminathan Gomathi
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) controls the
cell cycle, DNA repair, transcription, and replication processes. In this study, olaparib and
rucaparib have been taken as standard drugs for comparison of results. As per previous research
data, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole moiety has multidirectional biological activity and shows high activity
against cancer.

Objective:

This study aimed to carry out the in silico ligand-based screening for the identification
of hits for PARP1 inhibitors bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives using Schrodinger suite 2022-1
and to perform MMGBSA and molecular dynamics simulation for lead molecules.

Methods:

A total of 32 derivatives of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole were designed with four different acids:
phenoxy acetic acid, 1-Naphthoxy acetic acid, 2-Naphthoxy acetic acid, and piperonylic acid. Molecular
docking (XP) studies were performed between 4ZZZ.pdb and the designed analogues, and
the binding affinity values lay in the range of -8.52 to -3.52 kcal/mol. 2D interactions between the
protein and the ligand were observed. Based on the binding affinity values and ADMET results, top
10 analogues were selected for performing MM-GBSA.

Results:

The dG-bind score of the top compounds varied from -2.30 to -60.67 kcal/mol, and analogue
D4 was selected for MD simulation studies for 100ns. Results of Molecular dynamics (MD)
studies showed that D4 interacted with amino acid residues, and the ligand-protein interaction stabilized
from 58-90ns. The in silico study's findings suggested that the chemicals A1, A3, B1, B2, B3,
B4, C1, C6, D1, and D4 might be significantly active against breast cancer with potential therapeutic
benefits and are likely to be useful after further development.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, numerous molecules exhibit a high affinity for PARP-1 when derived
from 1,3,4-oxadiazole. The in silico study's findings suggested that the chemicals A1, A3, B1, B2,
B3, B4, C1, C6, D1, and D4 might be significantly active against breast cancer with potential therapeutic
benefits and are likely to be useful after further development.
Overview of Path Planning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Zhang Shuai , Yang Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

Background:

Path-planning algorithms are widely used in robotics, vehicles, UAVs, carrier-based aircraft towing vehicles, etc. Using these algorithms, an optimal path with safe obstacle avoidance and high efficiency can be planned. In recent years, path-planning algorithms have received more and more attention from scholars at home and abroad.

Objective:

In order to promote the application and development of path-planning algorithms, an in-depth analysis of the current development status of path-planning algorithms was presented. The most widely used and representative algorithms in several representative results were extracted, and the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm were analyzed and elaborated in detail for the readers' reference.

Methods:

The existing path-planning algorithms were classified, and a brief overview of each traditional algorithm was given, followed by an in-depth study of the improved algorithms to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each type of algorithm. Finally, based on these research results, the future development trend of path-planning algorithms was projected.

Results:

Through the research and analysis of the path-planning algorithm, it was found that the path- planning algorithm before the improvement had the problems of an unsmooth path, low computational efficiency, a slow response time, the inability to safely avoid obstacles, etc. After the improvement and optimization of the path-planning algorithm, the performance was greatly improved.

Conclusion:

After research and analysis, it was found that multi-algorithm fusion had great potential for development in path-planning compared to the application and optimization of a single algorithm. In addition, further research is needed in the areas of algorithm adaptability, fusion, intelligent algorithms, and extending the range of algorithmic applications.
A Novel Spectrophotometric Method Development for Quantification of
Desidustat in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Jain Sunidhi
Published: August 2023

Background:

Desidustat (DES) belongs to a new category of drugs, i.e., Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) propyl hydroxylase inhibitor, and is used for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. However, no method has yet been reported in the literature for the estimation of drugs.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to develop a simple, precise, and accurate method for determining DES in bulk and pharmaceutical dose form.

Methods:

The stability-indicating HPLC method for assay included the use of Kromasil 100-5-C8 (100 mm × 4.6 mm) column, UV detector 224 nm, mobile phase composition involving a mixture of acetonitrile:water (52:48), and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ICH guidelines were followed for the method's validation. To assess the method's specificity and stability in showing characteristics, stress degradation studies were carried out. The working standard solution of dapagliflozin was exposed to 1 and 2 N HCl by refluxing 1 and 2 N NaOH with 30% hydrogen peroxide by volume and UV radiation in order to conduct a degradation study.

Results:

Maximum absorbance wavelength was observed at 229 nm. The sample solution remained stable for up to 12 hours. The linear response from 2 to 12 μg/ml of DES was y = 0.1087x + 0.0962 and r2 = 0.9963. The accuracy was between 100 to 101%. Precision was recorded under three criteria: repeatability, intraday and interday, for which results fell within the acceptable ranges (<2%). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the technique were 0.434 μg/ml and 1.316 μg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:

The proposed method was found to be beneficial for drug monitoring and the ongoing analysis of DES in research and quality control laboratories. This approach is simple, precise, rapid, economical, and sensitive
Control biológico de la Diatraea spp., gusano que perfora los tallos de la caña panelera en el departamento de Nariño
Authors: Díaz Montilla Ana Elizabeth , Espinel Correal Carlos , Igua Urbano Erika Paola
Published: August 2023

El cultivo de la caña (Saccharum officinarum) se ve afectado por diferentes factores, entre los cuales resaltan los problemas que ocasionan diversas especies de insectos plaga. Una de las más importantes es la Diatraea spp., pues los daños que produce, así sea en un pequeño porcentaje, generan grandes pérdidas económicas que impiden elevar los rendimientos. Específicamente, en el departamento de Nariño esta plaga puede causar pérdidas de entre $960.400 y $1.783.600 por hectárea debido a que las cañas barrenadas pesan menos y producen panelas melcochosas que no resisten almacenamientos prolongados.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Apps Designed to Reduce Mobile Phone Use and Prevent Maladaptive Mobile Phone Use: Multimethod Study
Authors: Rahmillah Fety Ilma , Tariq Amina , King Mark , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: August 2023

Background

Mobile apps are a popular strategy for reducing mobile phone use and preventing maladaptive mobile phone use (MMPU). Previous research efforts have been made to understand the features of apps that have the potential to reduce mobile phone use and MMPU. However, there has been a lack of a comprehensive examination of the effectiveness of such apps and their features.

Objective

This paper investigated existing apps designed to reduce mobile phone use and prevent MMPU and examined the evidence of their effectiveness. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of app features that can reduce mobile phone use and MMPU, while also assessing their effectiveness. In addition, we explored users’ perceptions of these apps and the various features the apps offer to understand potential adoption issues and identify opportunities.

Methods

This study used 3 methods: a review of scientific evidence, content analysis, and sentiment analysis.

Results

Our study comprehensively examine the common features of 13 apps designed to reduce mobile phone use. We extracted and classified the features into 7 types: self-tracking, social tracking, goal setting, blocking, gamification, simplification, and assessment. The effectiveness of these apps in reducing mobile phone use and MMPU varied from weak to strong. On the basis of content analysis, self-tracking and goal setting were the most frequently used features, whereas gamification and assessment were used the least frequently. The intervention strategies that effectively reduce mobile phone use and MMPU included using grayscale mode, app limit features, and mixed interventions. Overall, users tended to accept these apps, as indicated by sentiment scores ranging from 61 to 86 out of 100.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that app-based management has the potential to reduce mobile phone use and MMPU. However, further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of app-based interventions. Collaborations among researchers, app developers, mobile phone manufacturers, and policy makers could enhance the process of delivering, evaluating, and optimizing apps aimed at reducing mobile phone use and MMPU.
Adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program for Older Adults: Descriptive Study
Authors: Beasley Jeannette M , Johnston Emily A , Costea Denisa , Sevick Mary Ann , Rogers Erin S , Jay Melanie , Zhong Judy , Chodosh Joshua
Published: August 2023

Background

Prediabetes affects 26.4 million people aged 65 years or older (48.8%) in the United States. Although older adults respond well to the evidence-based Diabetes Prevention Program, they are a heterogeneous group with differing physiological, biomedical, and psychosocial needs who can benefit from additional support to accommodate age-related changes in sensory and motor function.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to describe adaptations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Diabetes Prevention Program aimed at preventing diabetes among older adults (ages ≥65 years) and findings from a pilot of 2 virtual sessions of the adapted program that evaluated the acceptability of the content.

Methods

The research team adapted the program by incorporating additional resources necessary for older adults. A certified lifestyle coach delivered 2 sessions of the adapted content via videoconference to 189 older adults.

Results

The first session had a 34.9% (38/109) response rate to the survey, and the second had a 34% (30/88) response rate. Over three-quarters (50/59, 85%) of respondents agreed that they liked the virtual program, with 82% (45/55) agreeing that they would recommend it to a family member or a friend.

Conclusions

This data will be used to inform intervention delivery in a randomized controlled trial comparing in-person versus virtual delivery of the adapted program.
Health Care and Social Work Students’ Experiences With a Virtual Reality Simulation Learning Activity: Qualitative Study
Authors: Helle Nikolina , Vikman Miriam Dubland , Dahl-Michelsen Tone , Lie Silje Stangeland
Published: August 2023

Background

Virtual reality is used to an increasing extent in various fields and is now making inroads into health and social education. Virtual reality simulation can provide a safe and controlled environment for students to practice and master skills that are transferable to real-world situations without putting patients, clients, or themselves at risk of any harm. Virtual reality simulation using 360° videos represents a novel approach to simulation in health care and social work education, and this inspired our interest in exploring students’ experiences with such a learning activity.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore occupational therapy, social education, nursing, and social work students’ experiences with virtual reality simulation as a learning activity in an interdisciplinary subject.

Methods

The data were collected through 6 semistructured focus groups with 28 students. We conducted the focus groups after the students from the 4 education programs had participated in the virtual reality simulation at 3 campuses at a specialized university in Norway. Each focus group interview was facilitated by 1 moderator and 1 facilitator, a combination of experienced researchers and novices. We followed a qualitative design using the 6-step thematic analysis described by Braun and Clarke.

Results

The analysis revealed 3 overall themes for students’ experiences with the virtual reality simulation. The first theme, 360° videos provide observations for individual learning, illustrates how learning can take place through the students’ experiences with sensory inputs and observations from the 360° videos. Students experienced that the video enabled them to individually reflect and achieve learning from what was considered a clinically relevant video. The second theme, 360° videos activate emotional learning, demonstrates how the students experienced emotional engagement when watching the 360° videos. The degree of realism provided in the video was considered as important for the students’ learning. The last theme, Debrief sessions enhance comprehensive learning, pinpoints how the students experienced learning through reflective discussions with other students after watching the 360° videos. Students claimed this process to be a vital part of the learning activity.

Conclusions

Virtual reality simulation represents a promising learning activity to enhance the professional learning of health care and social work students. It offers opportunities for individualized learning through observations, and it also engages students emotionally in the learning process. The combination of 360° videos and group discussions in virtual reality appears promising to enhance professional learning outcomes and competence, which may contribute to improved health care and social work services.
Effects of Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Jia-ming , Ye Hua , Long Yi , Zhu Qiang , Huang Hui , Zhong Yan-biao , Luo Yun , Yang Lei , Wang Mao-yuan
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Since 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak has spread around the world, and health care workers, as frontline workers, have faced tremendous psychological stress.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to explore whether web-based mindfulness-based interventions continue to have a positive impact on anxiety, depression, and stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants were frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) the experimental group was a web-based mindfulness-based intervention; (3) the control group used either general psychological intervention or no intervention; (4) outcome indicators included scales to assess anxiety, depression, and stress; and (5) the study type was a randomized controlled study. Studies that did not meet the above requirements were excluded. We searched 9 databases, including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database, for randomized controlled studies on the effects of web-based mindfulness-based interventions on common mental disorder symptoms among health care workers from January 1, 2020, to October 20, 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Subgroup analysis was used to look for sources of heterogeneity and to explore whether the results were the same for subgroups under different conditions. Sensitivity analysis was used to verify the stability of the pooled results.

RESULTS

A total of 10 randomized controlled studies with 1311 participants were included. The results showed that web-based mindfulness-based interventions were effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety (standard mean difference [SMD]=–0.63, 95% CI –0.96 to –0.31, P<.001, I2=87%), depression (SMD=–0.52, 95% CI –0.77 to –0.26, P<.001, I2=75%), and stress (SMD=–0.20, 95% CI –0.35 to –0.05, P=.01, I2=58%) among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, but with wide CIs and high heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS

Web-based mindfulness-based interventions may be effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress among frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this effect is relatively mild and needs to be further explored by better studies in the future.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42022343727; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=343727
Marijuana Use and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Middle-aged and Older Adults: Analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Peilu , Tang Yilin , Veldheer Susan , Geng Tingting , Sun Liang , Li Yaqi , Gao Xiang
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Marijuana impairs the brain development and function among adolescents, but little is known about whether marijuana use is associated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) among adults.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the cross-sectional association between marijuana use and SCD in a representative sample of US adults aged 45 years and older.

METHODS

The study population included 100,685 participants from five cycles of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants self-reported their marijuana use in the past month and whether they experienced SCD or SCD-related functional limitations in the past year. Participants were categorized into past-month marijuana non-users and past-month marijuana users. Among users, they were further classified as occasional (<10 days) and frequent users (≥ 10 days). The weighted, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between marijuana use and risk of SCD, adjusting for age, sex, educational level, chronic disease status, and other potential confounders (odds ratios [ORs] with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]).

RESULTS

The sample included 94.2% past-month marijuana non-users, 5.83% users, and 3.45% frequent users. Compared with past-month marijuana non-use, past-month marijuana use was significantly associated with higher odds of SCD (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.06). The higher frequency was associated with higher odds of having SCD in a dose-response manner (p Trend < 0.001). Similar associations remained for the SCD-related functional limitations.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings provide initial evidence that marijuana use may adversely influence SCD among adults aged 45 years and older. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
An Inquiry into People’s Use of Substances, Views on Substances, and How Substances Have Affected Them
Authors: Berger Raqota
Published: August 2023

Substance use across the nation is at an all-time high. Loss of life from overdose has been steadily increasing in recent years, which is largely due to the use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl. This study collected information from 1,125 adults on their use of substances, which substances they have used, how drug use has changed their perceptions, and treatment. Information was also collected on their thoughts about drug use as a nation problem and the role of the pharmaceutical companies. The data revealed that a significant percentage of the respondents have had a problem with substances (21%). Use of opioids was the most closely associated with receiving professional treatment. Alcohol and cannabis were the most commonly used substances (excluding caffeine), with average age at first use being 15.64 years. Most respondents felt that the nation has a problem with substance use/abuse (82%). Notable findings were revealed across a number of demographics (e.g., gender, ethnicity, social class). The findings may be of use to academics, clinical researchers, and to those working in the mental health and substance use treatment professions.
BEM-ESTAR PSICOLÓGICO DE DOCENTES DAS CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Bernadis João Paulo Gavi , Ávila Lívia Keismanas de
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The pursuit of efficiency and quality in universities has led to an excessive workload for professors, particularly in the field of Health Sciences. They face pressure not only to produce manuscripts but also to engage in various activities such as teaching, committee work, and student mentoring. This scenario can have detrimental effects on their Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and Quality of Life (QoL). Objective: This study aims to identify and explore research focused on the PWB of Brazilian university professors in the field of Health Sciences. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted, searching databases including Brazil's CAPES, Latin American and Caribbean BVS (Virtual Health Library), MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF-Nursing, and Index-Psychology. A total of 395 studies conducted in Brazil between 2017 and 2022 were identified, and 15 of them met the inclusion criteria for the final sample. Results: Working conditions, excessive workload, low pay, and other factors were identified as detrimental to health and negatively impacting QoL. Additionally, a lack of relevant research on PWB in this context was found. Conclusion: The scarcity of research on PWB in Brazil highlights alarming teaching work conditions and the emergence of physical, psychological, and emotional health problems.
Local Probabilistic Decoding of a Quantum Code
Authors: Scruby T. R. , Nemoto K.
Published: August 2023

flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser) which are uncorrectable for this decoder, so previous studies have considered modified versions of flip, sometimes in conjunction with other decoders. We argue that this may not always be necessary, and present numerical evidence for the existence of a threshold for flip when applied to the looplike syndromes of a three-dimensional toric code on a cubic lattice. This result can be attributed to the fact that the lowest-weight uncorrectable errors for this decoder are closer (in terms of Hamming distance) to correctable errors than to other uncorrectable errors, and so they are likely to become correctable in future code cycles after transformation by additional noise. Introducing randomness into the decoder can allow it to correct these "uncorrectable" errors with finite probability, and for a decoding strategy that uses a combination of belief propagation and probabilistic flip we observe a threshold of ∼5.5% under phenomenological noise. This is comparable to the best known threshold for this code (∼7.1%) which was achieved using belief propagation and ordered statistics decoding [Higgott and Breuckmann, 2022], a strategy with a runtime of O(n3) as opposed to the O(n) (O(1) when parallelised) runtime of our local decoder. We expect that this strategy could be generalised to work well in other low-density parity check codes, and hope that these results will prompt investigation of other previously overlooked decoders.
Tight Cramér-Rao type bounds for multiparameter quantum metrology through conic programming
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Ouyang Yingkai
Published: August 2023

In the quest to unlock the maximum potential of quantum sensors, it is of paramount importance to have practical measurement strategies that can estimate incompatible parameters with best precisions possible. However, it is still not known how to find practical measurements with optimal precisions, even for uncorrelated measurements over probe states. Here, we give a concrete way to find uncorrelated measurement strategies with optimal precisions. We solve this fundamental problem by introducing a framework of conic programming that unifies the theory of precision bounds for multiparameter estimates for uncorrelated and correlated measurement strategies under a common umbrella. Namely, we give precision bounds that arise from linear programs on various cones defined on a tensor product space of matrices, including a particular cone of separable matrices. Subsequently, our theory allows us to develop an efficient algorithm that calculates both upper and lower bounds for the ultimate precision bound for uncorrelated measurement strategies, where these bounds can be tight. In particular, the uncorrelated measurement strategy that arises from our theory saturates the upper bound to the ultimate precision bound. Also, we show numerically that there is a strict gap between the previous efficiently computable bounds and the ultimate precision bound.
Learning ground states of gapped quantum Hamiltonians with Kernel Methods
Authors: Giuliani Clemens , Vicentini Filippo , Rossi Riccardo , Carleo Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Neural network approaches to approximate the ground state of quantum hamiltonians require the numerical solution of a highly nonlinear optimization problem. We introduce a statistical learning approach that makes the optimization trivial by using kernel methods. Our scheme is an approximate realization of the power method, where supervised learning is used to learn the next step of the power iteration. We show that the ground state properties of arbitrary gapped quantum hamiltonians can be reached with polynomial resources under the assumption that the supervised learning is efficient. Using kernel ridge regression, we provide numerical evidence that the learning assumption is verified by applying our scheme to find the ground states of several prototypical interacting many-body quantum systems, both in one and two dimensions, showing the flexibility of our approach.
A Quadratic Speedup in the Optimization of Noisy Quantum Optical Circuits
Authors: De Prins Robbe , Yao Yuan , Apte Anuj , Miatto Filippo M.
Published: August 2023

Linear optical quantum circuits with photon number resolving (PNR) detectors are used for both Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) and for the preparation of non-Gaussian states such as Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP), cat and NOON states. They are crucial in many schemes of quantum computing and quantum metrology. Classically optimizing circuits with PNR detectors is challenging due to their exponentially large Hilbert space, and quadratically more challenging in the presence of decoherence as state vectors are replaced by density matrices. To tackle this problem, we introduce a family of algorithms that calculate detection probabilities, conditional states (as well as their gradients with respect to circuit parametrizations) with a complexity that is comparable to the noiseless case. As a consequence we can simulate and optimize circuits with twice the number of modes as we could before, using the same resources. More precisely, for an M-mode noisy circuit with detected modes D and undetected modes U, the complexity of our algorithm is O(M2∏i∈UCi2∏i∈DCi), rather than O(M2∏i∈D∪UCi2), where Ci is the Fock cutoff of mode i. As a particular case, our approach offers a full quadratic speedup for calculating detection probabilities, as in that case all modes are detected. Finally, these algorithms are implemented and ready to use in the open-source photonic optimization library MrMustard.
Breaking the Myth of Nuclear Power Omnipotence in the Cold War era: Discourse on Nuclear Power and the Movement against the Construction of Nuclear Power Plants in South Korea in the 1980s and early 1990s
Authors: Lee Sangrok
Published: August 2023

In South Korea, the frontline of the Cold War in East Asia, an active anti-nuclear movement could not emerge until the 1970s due to the effects of Korean War, national division, and the Cold War culture. In the 1970s, youth activists, religious figures, and intellectuals who opposed the military regime became concerned about environmental issues as a reaction to the adverse effects of industrialization pursued by the military. In the 1980s, the ecological movement gave way to the anti-nuclear peace movement, which confronted the security discourse that dominated the Cold War era. The South Korean democratization movement of the 1980s overcame and transcended Cold War factionalism on an ideological level, and as a result, anti-nuclear peace activists opposed the nuclear disarmament of the Korean Peninsula and called for the abolition of nuclear power plants. Based on anti-foreign nationalism, they used a discourse that directly linked individual life, safety, and health rights to national survival and peace, and treated nuclear weapons as a symbol of imperialist oppression.
Environmentalist organizations, such as the ‘Anti-Pollution Movement Association’, actively engaged in solidarity activities with local residents' protests against the construction of nuclear power plants and nuclear waste sites. As the case of Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do shows, the difference in position between the local residents who pursued economic compensation and the establishment of a sustainable basis for livelihood and the environmental movement group that pursued the public spread of the anti-nuclear movement led to distrust and conflict, despite the devoted solidarity of both sides. As the case of Anmyeonisland shows, conflicts between residents were intensified by monetary inducements from government organizations, undermining their everyday relationships. Nevertheless, the anti-nuclear movement in Korea from the late 1980s to the early 1990s contributed greatly to breaking the myth of nuclear power omnipotence in the Cold War era, revealing the ecological agenda to Korean society, and laying the foundation for the growth of the eco-environmental movement in the 1990s.