bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy
Authors: Poi PJ , Chuah SY , Srinivas P , Liam CK
Published: November 2002

In the world of medical literature, little has been reported about the fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify the common fears of patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy and to determine whether any factors might contribute to reducing these fears. One hundred and four consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy were interviewed. Sixty one patients expressed fear about the procedure, as follows: afraid of pain (33); afraid of breathing difficulties (11); afraid of oropharyngeal irritation (5); afraid of the bronchoscopy findings (2); afraid of sedation, cross-infection and nasal lignocaine spray, respectively (3); and unable to be specific (7). There was no difference between the "no fear" and "fearful" groups in ethnicity, source of referral, education, previous endoscopy, doctors' explanation and the patients' understanding of the procedure and its indication. "Fearful" patients were significantly younger (t=2.082, p=0.037) and female (chi2=4.180, p=0.038). Doctors were more likely to explain the indication for bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=6.403; p=0.011), and patients were more likely to understand why they needed a bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=21.505; p<0.001). Fear preceding bronchoscopy is independent of patients' demographic features except for age and gender. Doctors tend to explain "why" but not "how" the procedure is performed. Provision of detailed information about sensations that are likely to be experienced in bronchoscopy could be used to allay some of these common fears.
Alpha-fetoprotein producing pulmonary blastoma in a patient with systemic sclerosis: pathogenetic analysis
Authors: Kasuga I , Miyamoto D , Ichinose Y , Chimangul W , Minemura K , Utsumi K , Yonemaru M , Serizawa H , Ebihara Y , Toyama K
Published: November 2002

We describe a rare case of pulmonary blastoma complicated with systemic sclerosis. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was elevated at presentation and the biopsied tumour stained positively against anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody. The alpha-fetoprotein produced autonomously by tumour cells was of yolk-sac origin. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary blastoma has not been clarified, we suggest that this pulmonary blastoma is a type of yolk-sac tumour.
An unusual case of Hughes-Stovin syndrome
Authors: Herb S , Hetzel M , Hetzel J , Friedrich J , Weber J
Published: November 2002

In 1959 HUGHES and STOVIN described a syndrome consisting of multiple pulmonary aneurysms and peripheral venous thrombosis. Since that time several cases of the Hughes-Stovin syndrome have been published. We present the case of a 25 yr old man who, in addition to the classical symptoms, had multiple aneurysms of the bronchial arteries, which were the cause of severe haemoptysis. An aneurysm of the left hepatic artery was also detected. To our knowledge this is the first description of aneurysms of the bronchial arteries in Hughes-Stovin syndrome. Bleeding was successfully treated by double embolization of bronchial arteries via transfemoral catheter.
Sensory nerve activation in airway microvascular permeability in guinea-pig late allergic response
Authors: Mashito Y , Ichinose M , Sugiura H , Miura M , Endoh N , Shirato K
Published: November 2002

Because both bradykinin and tachykinins have a potent inflammatory action, these molecules may be involved in the late allergic response. The role of these molecules in airway microvascular permeability during the late allergic response in sensitized guinea-pigs was investigated. Three weeks after ovalbumin sensitization, the animals were pretreated with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140, neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist CP 96,345 or vehicle, 30 min before the ovalbumin inhalation challenge. The occurrence of the late allergic response was determined by a two-fold increase in the transpulmonary pressure from the baseline values. The microvascular permeability in the trachea was assessed by an index defined as the ratio of the area of vasculature labelled by Monastral blue dye (area density %). Significant microvascular permeability and eosinophil accumulation were observed during the late allergic response. Both the bradykinin and substance P concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased during the late allergic response. Pretreatment with HOE 140 suppressed the substance P elevation. Both HOE 140 and CP 96,345 also inhibited the airway microvascular permeability during the late allergic response without affecting the eosinophil accumulation in the airways. These findings suggest that bradykinin-mediated sensory nerve activation may play a role in microvascular permeability during the late allergic response in guinea-pigs.
Quantification of the dose of inhaled flour: relation with nonspecific bronchial and immunological reactivities
Authors: Choudat D , Fabries JF , Martin JC , Villette C , Tabka F , Dessanges JF , Ava JD , Conso F
Published: November 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific bronchial reactivity and respective nonspecific bronchial and immunological reactivities. Twenty-one patients underwent bronchial challenges with lactose and flour. The aerosol of particles was generated by a computer-controlled aerosolizer. Specific bronchial challenge results were expressed as the provocative dose of flour (PDf) that caused a 20% or 15% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). For each subject, the decrease in FEV1 observed during the challenge with flour was compared with the calculated lower limit of the 99.7% confidence interval for the lactose challenge. The subjects also underwent a nonspecific challenge with methacholine and a measurement of the specific immunoglobulin E against wheat. The inhalation of lactose did not significantly affect FEV1. Nine subjects had high reactivity to wheat flour with a PDf20 <400 microg. Five subjects had intermediate reactivity: FEV1 fell by <20% but by significantly more than that in the test with lactose. For 7 subjects, there was no significant change in FEVI for inhaled doses of flour over 1390 microg. The results for specific bronchial challenge were significantly correlated with those for the methacholine test (p<0.02). Positive skin tests and specific immunoglobulin E against wheat were observed more frequently in the high reactivity group. Specific bronchial challenge can be performed safely to establish precise dose-response curves. The provocative dose of flour causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second is useful for evaluating the degree of specific reactivity but is not suitable in cases of intermediate reactivity in which comparison with the lactose test is necessary. Specific reactivity is probably a function of immunological and nonspecific bronchial reactivities.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and adult onset wheeze: the influence of atopy
Authors: Bodner C , Godden D , Ross S , Little J , Douglas JG , Legge J , Seaton A , Friend J
Published: November 2002

The commonly held belief that adult onset wheezing illness is primarily nonatopic in nature suggests that the role of atopy in the pathophysiology of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in adult onset wheeze may be minimal. This study examined risk factors for BHR (BHR: provocative dose causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second PD20 < or =16.38 micromol methacholine) among 82 subjects with adult onset wheeze and among 191 subjects who had never wheezed. Subjects were identified from a cohort of subjects aged 39-45 yrs who were known to have had no childhood wheeze and who were involved in a 30 yr follow-up survey. Risk factors for BHR were examined among all subjects with BHR and among subjects with BHR stratified according to whether or not they had ever wheezed. The prevalence of BHR was 40% (33/82) among the subjects with adult onset wheeze and 11% (21/191) among the subjects who had never wheezed. Lower baseline lung function (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-0.97 per unit forced expiratory volume (FEV1)% predicted) and atopy (OR = 7.23; CI = 2.53-20.64 for all three measures of atopic compared to nonatopic) were associated with BHR, while smoking and family history showed no statistically significant relation to BHR. This pattern was also apparent in analyses stratified by symptom status. A family history of atopy increased the risk that BHR was accompanied by wheezing symptoms (OR = 4.75; CI = 1.53-14.72 for more than one affected relative compared to no affected relatives). These findings suggest that atopy is associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adults known to have had no childhood wheeze. A familial factor reflecting genetic influences and/or shared environmental factors may influence whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is associated with symptoms.
Comparative validation of prognostic rules for community-acquired pneumonia in an elderly population
Authors: Ewig S , Kleinfeld T , Bauer T , Seifert K , Schafer H , Goke N
Published: November 2002

The aim of the study was to validate the prediction rule of M.J. Fine and coworkers for clinical outcome variables and three prognostic rules for the individual outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in an elderly population (rule 1: respiratory frequency > or =30 breaths x min(-1), diastolic blood pressure < or =60 mmHg, blood urea nitrogen >7 mM; rule 2: respiratory frequency > or =30 breaths x min(-1), diastolic blood pressure < or =60 mmHg, mental confusion; and rule 3: systolic blood pressure < or =80 mmHg, cardiac frequency > or =90 beats x min(-1), lactate dehydrogenase activity > or =260 IU x L(-1); death was predicted in the presence of at least two of three parameters). Overall 168 consecutive episodes of community-acquired pneumonia in patients aged > or =65 yrs and hospitalized in a primary care hospital were studied prospectively. Fine's rule was tested for its ability to predict length of hospital stay, requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. For the three prognostic rules of individual outcome, performance regarding predicting death was determined. Mortality was 17/168 (10%). Fine's rule accurately predicted length of stay, the requirement for ICU admission and the risk of death from pneumonia as compared to the original derivation and validation cohorts. All three rules achieved moderate-to-high specificity (73%, 88% and 80%, respectively) and high negative predictive values (95%, 94% and 93%, respectively) but had a low sensitivity (65%, 47% and 47%, respectively). Rule 2 most closely reflected the risk of death from pneumonia when Fine's classification was used as reference. Fine's rule proved to give valid estimations regarding clinical outcome variables of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. The prognostic rules may be useful in determining individual patients at lower risk of death caused by pneumonia.
Bronchodilation by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide and related peptides
Authors: Linden A , Cardell LO , Yoshihara S , Nadel JA
Published: November 2002

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is present in nerves in the vicinity of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle in the airways. At least one endogenous form of PACAP, PACAP 1-27, has high affinity binding sites in the lung, probably including cholinergic nerve terminals, bronchial smooth muscle, epithelial and mononuclear inflammatory cells. The mechanism of action for PACAP 1-27 and 1-38 in vivo involves endogenous catecholamines, peptidases and nitric oxide, depending on tissue type. Intracellularly, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as calcium and sodium mobilization is probably involved. PACAP 1-27 and 1-38 inhibit airway smooth muscle tone in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory effect of PACAP 1-38 is more sustained than that of PACAP 1-27, in vitro as well as in vivo. PACAP 1-38 also causes more sustained inhibition of bronchoconstriction after inhalation in vivo, than does vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PACAP 1-27 given intravenously virtually abolishes allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in vivo. Novel synthetic analogues of PACAP 1-27 cause more sustained inhibition of airway smooth muscle tone in vitro and in vivo than do PACAP 1-27 or 1-38. Both PACAP 1-27 and 1-38 inhibit arterial smooth muscle tone but, administration of PACAP 1-27, 1-38 or a structural analogue of PACAP 1-27 in the airways, induces no cardiovascular side effects at doses inhibiting bronchoconstriction. PACAP 1-38 enhances phagocytosis in macrophages and inhibits the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-2 in lymphocytes, suggesting antiinflammatory effects. It is concluded that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1-27 and 1-38, or structurally related molecules, may be useful as bronchodilators but their effect on human bronchial smooth muscle and on human inflammatory cells is in need of evaluation.
T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with pulmonary involvement and relapsing BOOP
Authors: Vaiman E , Odeh M , Attias D , Ben-Arie Y , Oliven A
Published: November 2002

We report on a case of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia involving the lung, with clinical, radiological and histological evidence of relapsing bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in a 70-yr-old female. Pulmonary disease was the major clinical manifestation of this chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The first two episodes of the patient's pulmonary disorder resolved without treatment, and the third episode was treated with cytotoxic agents as part of the leukaemia treatment regimen. Two additional episodes of the pulmonary disorder occurred; both responded to prednisone.
The mouse as a model for developmental immunotoxicology
Authors: Holladay S D , Blaylock B L
Published: November 2002

The laboratory mouse has been the most extensively used model system for demonstrating postnatal immune deficits following perinatal immunotoxicant exposure. Assays utilized have historically been those developed for adult mice. Clear gaps in the available database exist, however, regarding the predictive strength of adult mouse immune screens for detecting either transient or long-lasting postnatal immune suppression. Limited information is also available regarding postnatal ages when various immune assays can be first employed to detect developmental immunotoxicity in mice. Furthermore, difficulties and expense inherent with breeding of in-bred mice, as used for adult immunotoxicity studies, raise questions regarding the feasibility of an in-bred mouse model as a standard, widely available developmental immunotoxicity testing system. These and additional concerns will need to be addressed as a model system with utility for studying developmental immunotoxicants is produced.
Feasibility of human trials to assess developmental immunotoxicity, and some comparison with data on New World monkeys
Authors: Neubert R T , Webb J R , Neubert D
Published: November 2002

Procedures to reveal ‘immunotoxic’ potentials of chemicals in animal experiments (mostly in rodents) have been recommended, but the selection of test systems is rather arbitrary. The predictive power of extrapolations to the possible situation in humans is unknown because human studies to confirm or to reject clues from animal data are largely lacking. End points selected in animal studies and those expected to be relevant in humans are not identical. Results of animal experiments are based on doses, generally ignoring the important species differences in pharmacokinetics. This unfavorable situation is especially pronounced when attempting to evaluate ‘environmental chemicals’. Because much more information is available on many medicinal drugs, exposures can be defined and pharmacokinetic data are available or obtainable. The situation is even more complicated when attempting to assess possible adverse effects on the developing immune system: in addition to the problems mentioned, numerous different developmental periods with varying susceptibilities must be considered, and species differences in the immune response are superimposed with large differences in pre-, early post-, and later postnatal development. Simultaneously, the kinetic variables are continuously changing with time (with additional variability among species). Different results, even between rats and mice, are bound to occur. Extrapolation to the situation possibly relevant for human exposure will be almost impossible, especially from rodent data. The majority of such effects induced peri-or early postnatally may be expected to be reversible. It must also be assessed whether qualitatively different adverse effects are likely to be induced during ‘development’, which cannot be revealed (accepting quantitative differences) by more easily performed tests on the adult organism. Considering the intrinsic difficulties, the most promising approach would be to directly obtain data from human trials. This is feasible for medicinal drugs. Alternatively, data on nonhuman primates, the species phylogenetically closest to man, may provide useful information. The status quo for such a strategy and the possible pitfalls are discussed in this overview.
Significance of radiation exposure from work‐related chest X‐rays for epidemiological studies of radiation workers
Authors: Cardarelli J. , Spitz H. , Rice C. , Buncher R. , Elson H. , Succop P.
Published: November 2002

Background

Previous epidemiologic studies of workers at nuclear weapons facilities have not included X‐ray exposures as part of the occupational radiation exposure. The research objective was to determine the contribution of work‐related chest X‐ray (WRX) exposure relative to the cumulative occupational radiation exposure.

Methods

Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of workers whose employment began as early as 1943. Medical records for 297 subjects were used to determine the bone marrow dose from their X‐ray examinations. Individual dose data, however, were only available for 45 workers. Bone marrow dose estimates were calculated by converting the entrance‐skin‐exposure (from X‐ray procedures) and occupational exposure (from monitoring data) to dose.

Results

Stereoscopic photofluorography delivered a bone marrow dose nearly 100 times that delivered by today's chest X‐ray technique. Photofluorography was the predominant radiation source during the 1940s and 1950s. The cumulative WRX dose was, on average, 50 times their occupational doses. No correlation between occupational and WRX dose was found, but may be due to the small study size and incomplete dose data.

Conclusions

These findings illustrate the importance of including WRX doses in retrospective epidemiological studies of radiation workers, especially if photofluorographic chest X‐rays were performed and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is low. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:490–501, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An active ring X and haploinsufficiency of SHOX contribute to short stature, congenital anomalies, and developmental delay in a female
Authors: Shago Mary , Sgro Michael , Barozzino Tony , Antinucci Daniel , Chakraborty Pranesh , Chitayat David , Teshima Ikuko
Published: November 2002

We report on a female infant with short stature and mesomelic limb shortening, multiple congenital abnormalities, developmental delay, and Rieger anomaly. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a complex rearrangement of the sex chromosomes in this patient. In addition to a normal X chromosome, a derivative Y [der(Y)] chromosome composed of X and Y material and a ring X [r(X)] were present. Consistent with the fact that this infant had normal female genitalia, the SRY gene was not detected in the Y chromosome portion of the der(Y). By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), XIST was present on the normal X and the r(X), but not on the der(Y). The normal X was late replicating (inactive) and the r(X) early replicating (active) in all lymphocyte metaphases examined. As the X chromosome material on the der(Y) cannot be inactivated, the unusual skew of activation toward the r(X) presumably resulted in the least amount of functional disomy of X‐linked genes in the cells of this patient. Deletion of one copy of the SHOX gene was detected in this patient. Haploinsufficiency of this gene is known to be correlated with short stature and mesomelic limb shortening. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the miscibility between a silane and a sizing agent on silanol condensation
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Ishida Hatsuo
Published: November 2002

The miscibility between a hydrolyzed silane coupling agent, which had chemically nonreactive organofunctional groups such as propyl groups, and a film‐forming polymer [poly(vinyl acetate) PVAc] and its effect on silanol condensation were studied. A mixture consisting of a silane hydrolyzate and PVAc obtained from an alcoholic aqueous solution was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Hydrogen bonding between the SiOH groups of the silane and the CO groups of PVAc and silanol condensation affected by PVAc were examined. The hydrogen bonding and condensation reaction were influenced by the miscibility between the organofunctional group of the silane and PVAc. The miscibility of each system was estimated from the calculated Hildebrand solubility parameter of the organofunctional group. A correlation between the miscibility and the integrated absorbance of the hydrogen‐bonded CO, obtained by least‐squares curve fitting, was established. On the basis of the molecular weight of the silane and the number of hydrogen‐bonded CO groups, a micellelike phase was proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 589–598, 2003
Heavy metal ion removal by amidoximated bagasse
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L. , El‐Wakil Nahla A.
Published: November 2002

Amidoximated bagasse (Am‐B) was prepared by treating sugarcane bagasse fibers with acrylonitrile in the presence of sodium hydroxide followed by aqueous hydroxyl amine. Adsorption of some heavy metal ions, namely, Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) on the prepared Am‐B at different metal ion concentration, intervals, and temperatures was studied. Also, the selectivity of the prepared Am‐B toward adsorption of the aforementioned metal ions in an equimolar mixture was studied. The effect of regeneration of Am‐B using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), up to five times, on its adsorption capacity of the aforementioned metal ions was investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 666–670, 2003
Studies on essential oils, Part 33: chemical and insecticidal investigations on leaf oil of Coleus amboinicus Lour.
Authors: Singh Gurdip , Singh Om Prakash , Prasad Y. R. , de Lampasona M. P. , Catalan C.
Published: November 2002

Chemical investigations of the leaf essential oil of Coleus amboinicus by GC and GC–MS techniques indicated the presence of six components, accounting for 97% of the total oil. The major component was thymol (94.3%), followed by carvacrol (1.2%), 1,8‐cineole (0.8%), p‐cymene (0.3%), spathulenol (0.2%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.2%) and an unidentified component (1.4%). The oil was insecticidal to white termites (Odontotermes obesus Rhamb.) with 100% mortality at a dose of 2.5 × 10−2 mg/cm3 for 5 h exposure. This oil was also more active than the synthetic insecticides, Thiodan and Primoban‐20, against termites, although it was ineffective against Tribolium castaneum, a stored product pest. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R. Radha, R. Latha and M. S. Swaminathan. 'Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oil from Syzygium travancoricum Gamble'. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 352–354
Authors: Radha R. , Latha R. , Swaminathan M. S.
Published: November 2002

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 352–354. The affiliation of R. Radha appeared incorrectly in the original paper. The correct affiliation should have appeared as follows:
R. Radha, R. Latha and M. S. Swaminathan.
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, 3rd Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, India 600 113.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon and oxygen isotopes: a tool for Jurassic and early Cretaceous pelagic correlation (southern Spain)
Authors: Rey J. , Delgado A.
Published: November 2002

The isotopic evolution of δ13C and δ18O is reported for the Jurassic and early Cretaceous in two pelagic sections of the External Zones in the Betic Cordilleras (SE Spain). Stable isotope curves from pelagic trough and swell sections display similar patterns. Variations in δ18O and δ13C values from strata at equivalent age probably reflect both early diagenetic cementation and later temperature‐related burial diagenesis.

Comparison of global isotope curves with those presented in this work allows the differentiation of global from local events. Thus, the anoxic event during the early Toarcian (falciferum Zone) is characterized by elevated δ13C and depressed δ18O values. The isotopic record also allows the detection of the middle Oxfordian transgression. There are other peaks for the late Toarcian, early Bajocian, Callovian and early Berriasian that can also be used as tools for correlation purposes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aminophosphanes with bulky amino groups: Molecular structure, coupling constants 1J(31P, 15N) and 2J(31P, 29Si), and isotope‐induced chemical shifts 1Δ14/15N(31P)
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Köhler Christian , Milius Wolfgang , Grevy Jean Michel , García‐Hernández Zureima , Contreras Rosalinda
Published: November 2002

The preferred conformation of aminophosphanes with bulky amino groups (1–20) was determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution, in two cases in the solid state (11,17) and in one case (11) by X‐ray crystallography. Trimethylsilylaminodiphenylphosphanes Ph2PN(R)SiMe3 (R = Bu (1), Ph (2), 2‐pyridyl (3), 2‐pyrimidyl (4), Me3Si (5)), amino(chloro)phenylphosphanes Ph(Cl)PNRR′ (R = Bz, R′ = Me (6), R = Bz, R′ = tBu (7), R = Et, R′ = Ph (8)), amino(chloro)tert‐butylphosphanes tBu(Cl)PNRR′ (R = R′ = iPr (9), R = Me, R′ = tBu (10), R = Bz, R′ = tBu (11), R = H, R′ = tBu (12), R = Et, R′ = Ph (13), R = iPr, R′ = Ph (14), R = Bu, R′ = Ph (15), R = Bz, R′ = Ph (16), R = R′ = Ph (17), R = R′ = Me3Si (18)), 3‐tert‐butyl‐2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane (19), and benzyl(tert‐butyl)aminodichlorophosphane (20) were studied by 1H, 13C, 15N, 29Si, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In all cases, the more bulky substituent at the nitrogen atom prefers the syn‐position with respect to the assumed orientation of the phosphorus lone pair of electrons. Many of the derivatives studied adopt this preferred conformation even at room temperature. Numerous signs of coupling constants 1J(31P, 15N), 2J(31P, 13C), and 2J(31P, 29Si) were determined. Low temperature NMR spectra were measured for derivatives for which rotation about the PN bond at room temperature is fast, showing the presence of two rotamers at low temperature. The respective conformation of these rotamers could be assigned by 13C, 15N, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Isotope‐induced chemical shifts 1Δ15/14N(31P) were determined for all compounds at natural abundance of 15N by using Hahn‐echo extended polarization transfer experiments. The molecular structure of 11 in the solid state reveals pyramidal surroundings of the nitrogen atom and mutual trans‐positions of the tert‐butyl groups at phosphorus and nitrogen. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:667–676, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10084
Transcriptional activation of the tyrosine phosphatase gene, OST‐PTP, during osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Wheeler Marie A. , Townsend Melanie K. , Yunker Laurie A. , Mauro Laura J.
Published: November 2002

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of cellular phosphorylation functioning in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and adhesion. Osteotesticular PTP (OST) is the only characterized member of this superfamily whose expression is regulated in osteoblasts and critical for their in vitro differentiation. Such evidence would suggest that this molecule is a key modulator of signaling events during osteogenesis, yet little is known about its genetic regulation. In an effort to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular regulation of OST, we have characterized its expression in MC3T3 osteoblasts during differentiation. Northern analysis revealed that murine OST mRNA is dramatically regulated during the preosteoblast to osteoblast progression, with predominant expression in differentiated and early mineralizing osteoblasts. This expression pattern is unique to this phosphatase since, in comparison, the structurally similar receptor PTP, LAR, and the intracellular PTP1B show little change during differentiation. Cell density contributes to this upregulated expression as confluent cultures display an increase in OST transcripts within 4 h post‐plating. Transient transfection of the OST promoter in differentiating MC3T3 results in a significant increase in transcriptional activation from day 0 to day 5 of differentiation, similar in timing and intensity to the observed upregulation of the endogenous gene. This activation appears to be specific to osteoblasts, since progression to a myoblast phenotype results in no change in reporter gene activity. Culturing these preosteoblast cells in the absence of critical co‐factors results in an inhibition of differentiation and leads to a delayed induction of OST transcripts as well as the attenuation of transcriptional activation. These results show that the murine OST gene is regulated at the transcriptional level in an osteoblast‐specific, differentiation‐dependent manner during the differentiation of MC3T3 osteoblasts. Future studies will help determine the essential regulatory elements within the OST‐PTP promoter and the critical signaling pathways important in this regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 363–376, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculated gain and threshold current density for interconduction‐subband transition in Si triple‐quantum‐well‐structures
Authors: Ghosh Sumitra , Mukhopadhyay Bratati , Basu P. K.
Published: November 2002

We have theoretically demonstrated population inversion between two conduction subbands in a silicon quantum well in a triple‐well structure with Si and SiGe, considering tunneling, radiative‐ and non‐radiative‐acoustic, and g‐phonon transitions. The gain spectra are then calculated and threshold current densities are estimated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 470–475, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10641
Resonant frequency and quality factors of a silver‐coated dual‐mode dielectric resonator
Authors: You Bin , Wang Xuedong , Ji Wusheng , Yang Wenrong , Li Ying
Published: November 2002

In this paper, resonant frequency and quality factors of a square‐corner‐cut dielectric resonator are obtained by using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, and the resonant frequencies of some modes in the resonator are analyzed. Some useful results are obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 475–477, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10642
SQP algorithms for solving Toeplitz matrix approximation problem
Authors: Al‐Homidan Suliman S.
Published: November 2002

Given an n × n matrix F, we find the nearest symmetric positive semi‐definite Toeplitz matrix T to F. The problem is formulated as a non‐linear minimization problem with positive semi‐definite Toeplitz matrix as constraints. Then a computational framework is given. An algorithm with rapid convergence is obtained by l1 Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast direct solver for elliptic problems with a divergence constraint
Authors: Martikainen Janne , Rossi Tuomo , Toivanen Jari
Published: November 2002

A fast direct solution method for a discretized vector‐valued elliptic partial differential equation with a divergence constraint is considered. Such problems are typical in many disciplines such as fluid dynamics, elasticity and electromagnetics. The method requires the problem to be posed in a rectangle and boundary conditions to be either periodic boundary conditions or the so‐called slip boundary conditions in one co‐ordinate direction. The arising saddle‐point matrix has a separable form when bilinear finite elements are used in the discretization. Based on a result for so‐called p‐circulant matrices, the saddle‐point matrix can be transformed into a block‐diagonal form by fast Fourier transformations. Thus, the fast direct solver has the same structure as methods for scalar‐valued problems which are based on Fourier analysis and, therefore, it has the same computational cost 𝒪(N log N). Numerical experiments demonstrate the good efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of isomeric dicaffeoylquinic acids from Eleutherococcus senticosus using HPLC‐ESI/TOF/MS and 1H‐NMR methods
Authors: Tolonen Ari , Joutsamo Topi , Mattlla Sampo , Kämäräinen Terttu , Jalonen Jorma
Published: November 2002

Liquid chromatography–electrospray time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/TOF/MS) and a novel NMR technique, developed to maximise the sensitivity obtained from the standard NMR spectrometer, have been applied to the identification of the phenolic constituents of Eleutherococcus senticosus. In addition, molecular modelling and dihedral bond angle calculations based on the vicinal 3JHH‐coupling constants have been used in the unambiguous assignment of signals in the 1H‐NMR spectra. 5′‐O‐Caffeoylquinic acid and three isomeric compounds, 1′,5′‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3′,5′‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4′,5′‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, have been isolated and identified from a sample. The isolation and structure determination of the latter two compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and quantitative determination of group B saponins in processed soybean products
Authors: Berhow Mark A. , Cantrell Charles L. , Duval Sandra M. , Dobbins Thomas A. , Maynes Jonathan , Vaughn Steven F.
Published: November 2002

Pure analytical standards for the major saponins present in processed soy products, the group B saponins (soyasaponins I, II, III and IV), were isolated in mg quantities by a combination of processing, precipitation/re‐solubilisation, TLC and preparative HPLC. These standards were determined to be pure by LC‐ESI/MS analysis and NMR. The standards were used to perfect a facile analytical HPLC method using spectrometric detection to determine the percent composition of the group B soyasaponins in various products from processing of soybean. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on “Evaluation of Two‐Center Overlap and Nuclear‐Attraction Integrals over Slater‐Type Orbitals with Integer and Noninteger Principal Quantum Numbers”
Authors: Guseinov I. I.
Published: November 2002

Recently published formulas for the evaluation of two‐center overlap and nuclear‐attraction integrals (Özdogan, T.; Orbay, M. Int J Quantum Chem 2002, 87, 15) are critically analyzed. It is proved that the general formula presented in this work for the expansion of the product of two normalized associated Legendre functions in ellipsoidal coordinates is obtained from the expansion relationships contained in our articles (Guseinov, I. I. J Phys B 1970, 3, 1399; Phys Rev A 1985, 32, 1864; J Mol Struct THEOCHEM 1995, 336, 17) by changing the summation indices. It is demonstrated that the formulas published by these authors results in two‐center overlap and nuclear‐attraction integrals that are also derived from our formulas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Energy‐linearized variational cellular method for large molecules and solids
Authors: Nesbet R. K.
Published: November 2002

Multiple scattering theory (MST) is the mainstay of Kohn–Sham calculations of the electronic structure of solids and alloys. MST formalism solves one‐electron equations within each atomic cell, using a Green function to propagate solutions across cell boundaries, while standard methodology for molecules expands wave functions in a Gaussian orbital basis. An energy‐linearized version of MST (LMTO) is efficient but restricted to an atomic‐sphere model. Full‐potential MST extends the formalism to space‐filling Wigner–Seitz polyhedra. The variational cellular method (VCM) solves full‐potential equations, replacing Green‐function propagation (structure constants) by variational matching at the interfaces of adjacent atomic cells. VCM provides a common formalism for molecules and solids but cannot easily be converted to an energy‐linearized method. A new variational principle is derived here that extends the VCM to a straightforward procedure for energy linearization. This formalism eliminates false solutions from the VCM. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
A Novel In situ Recognition of Misalignment between Mating Parts in Robotic Assembly Processes
Authors: Kim W. S. , Cho H. S.
Published: November 2002

A visual sensing system is utilized mainly to estimate the misalignment
between mating parts, the recognition of which is the integral part of any
assembly process. The recognition, however, requires the information on the
state of the misalignment that includes the shapes of parts in mating motion
and instantaneous relative position and angular orientation between mating
parts. Normally, this information has been given in advance by an operator
to facilitate assembly action. Therefore, in order to recognize the assembly
state in sequence without intervention of an operator, it requires an effective
sensing system and algorithm capable of working well even without
a priori information on part shape and location. In this paper, we
propose a novel system that can assemble parts under such uncertain environments.
The system, composed of an omnidirectional sensing module and a recognition
module, is capable of acquiring information on the sequential state of parts
assembly motion from which instantaneous, relative location and orientation
between the mating parts can be determined. Since the system does not utilize
a priori knowledge on the shape of mating parts, it greatly reduces
the degree of human intervention, thus increasing autonomy and flexibility.
To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, a series of assembly experiments
are performed. The results show that the proposed system, indeed, demonstrates
effectiveness of vision guided assembly action. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Translational Parallel Manipulators: New Proposals
Authors: Di Gregorio Raffaele
Published: November 2002

Translational parallel manipulators are parallel manipulators wherein the
end‐effector performs only spatial translations. This paper presents a new
family of translational parallel manipulators. The manipulators of this family
are independent constraint manipulators. They have three limbs that are topologically
identical and have no rotation singularity. The limbs of these manipulators
feature five one‐degree‐of‐freedom kinematic pairs in series. Four joints
are revolute pairs and the remaining one, called T‐pair, is a kinematic pair
that can be manufactured in different ways. In each limb, three adjacent revolute
pairs have parallel axes and the remaining revolute pair has an axis that
is not parallel to the axes of the other revolute pairs. The mobility analysis
of the manipulators of this new family is addressed by taking into account
two different choices for the actuated pairs. One of the results of this analysis
is that the geometry of a translational parallel manipulator free from singularities
can be defined for a particular choice of the actuated pairs. © 2002
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting Designers' Hierarchies through Parametric Shape Recognition
Authors: McCormack Jay P , Cagan Jonathan
Published: November 2002

The need to implement shape grammars efficiently, rather than hardcode them, in a way that supports creativity through shape emergence is an ongoing research challenge. This paper introduces a shape grammar interpreter that supports parametric subshape recognition, and thereby shape emergence. The approach divides shapes into hierarchies of subshapes based on specified geometric relationships within the shape. A default hierarchy based on geometric relations often found in engineering and architectural designs is presented as an efficient example of one appropriate hierarchy. The interpreter's shape recognition and generation abilities are demonstrated with two examples: a new engineering shape grammar for the design of vehicle inner panels and a modified version of the classical ice-ray shape grammar.
Urban Modeling as Storytelling: Using Simulation Models as a Narrative
Authors: Guhathakurta Subhrajit
Published: November 2002

This paper examines the distinctions between empirical and simulation models using the metaphors of argument and narrative. It argues that all argumentation is contextualized within a narrative that is either inferred or communicated. It provides another semantic structure for urban models that applies elements of systems-dynamic method to construct ‘stories' of the past and possible futures of communities in a watershed in southern Arizona. By constructing such narratives this paper demonstrates how computer-based urban models can ‘tell a story’.
Localising Welfare-to-Work? Territorial Flexibility and the New Deal for Young People
Authors: Nativel Corinne , Sunley Peter , Martin Ron
Published: November 2002

The move towards workfare and active labour-market policies is often alleged to be closely associated with the decentralisation and localisation of welfare delivery and agencies. In the United Kingdom, the New Deal for the young unemployed was designed to introduce local flexibility and discretion in delivery to mainstream labour-market policy. We use case studies of five local areas to examine the extent to which the programme has actually been decentralised and benefited from ‘local flexibility’. We categorise the arguments for policy decentralisation under four main rationales—improved policy learning and adaptation, stronger partnership building, more innovation, and greater resource targeting—and examine the achievements and limitations of the programme under each. We argue that, although the contractualism of the New Deal has allowed a certain degree of local discretion and cooperation in delivery, there have been strong standardised bureaucratic and financial constraints on the real extent of territorial flexibility. Although the limited decentralisation achieved has yielded some of the predicted benefits, the centralised nature of labour-market policy in the United Kingdom is proving resistant to change and, paradoxically, the programme is producing uneven results across the country. To conclude, we consider whether more local flexibility would be sufficient to improve the performance of the programme.
Coherent optical transient measurements of absolute and differential Stark shifts in atomic sodium
Authors: P Hannaford  , W R MacGillivray  , M C Standage
Published: November 2002

A coherent optical transient technique has been used for the first time to study the Stark effect in atoms. This technique involves the recording of transients in the intensity of single-mode laser radiation transmitted by an atomic vapour following the sudden application of an electric-field pulse. It allows both absolute and differential Stark shifts to be measured to a precision which is limited only by the power-broadened natural linewidth of the transition. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by measuring the scalar ( alpha0) and tensor ( alpha2) polarisabilities associated with the sodium 32P1/2and 32P3/2levels of sodium. The resolution is such that the effect of the hyperfine structure on the Stark shifts has to be included in the analysis. Our values for the polarisabilities are alpha0=0+or-3.3 kHz (kV cm-1)-2and alpha2=28.1+or-3.9 KHz (kV cm-1)-2. These results are compared with experimental and theoretical values obtained by other authors.
Far wing depolarisation of collision-induced fluorescence
Authors: W Behmenburg  , V Kroop
Published: November 2002

Redistribution and depolarisation of light scattered by atoms undergoing collisions outside the impact region of the line profile has been studied experimentally and theoretically. In a cell experiment intensity and linear degree of polarisation of the fluorescence components 32S1/2 to or from 32P1/2,3/2 of Na atoms induced by collisions with Ar buffer gas atoms were measured as functions of the laser frequency omega L. The decrease of polarisation of the D2 component observed when omega L is shifted away from the D2 toward D1 resonance disagrees with calculations on the basis of the factorisation approximation of the theory of redistribution. Using Baylis (1975) potentials for the Na/Ar system, the effect is interpreted in terms of adiabatic coupling of the 32P3/2 electronic angular momentum to the collision axis during 'strong' collisions, giving rise to a greater than average depolarisation.
Studies of the threshold electron impact ionization of helium
Authors: S Cvejanovic  , F H Read
Published: November 2002

Studies have been made of the two outgoing electrons in ionization events for which the energy difference E between the total energy and the ionization energy is in the range from 0.2 to 3.0 eV. A coincidence time-of-flight technique has been used to measure their energy distribution and angular correlation functions, and a non-coincidence technique has been used to measure the partial cross section for the production of very slow electrons. The energy distribution function has been found to be uniform in the range of E from 0.2 to 0.8 eV and the width of the angular correlation function has been found to increase with the energy E in a way which is consistent with a E1/4dependence. The yield of very low energy electrons is consistent, in the range of E from 0.2 to 1.7 eV, with a total ionization cross section having the energy dependence En, where n=1.131+or-0.019. These results are all consistent with the Wannier-Peterkop-Rau theory.
Electron correlation and bound excitons in semiconductors
Authors: D C Herbert
Published: November 2002

The localisation energy of excitons bound to neutral donors and acceptors is studied using Green function and configuration interaction techniques. The configuration interaction calculation gives localisation energies which are much higher than experimental values. It is argued that much of this correlation energy can be quenched by fluctuations in the degenerate ground states, and lead to a degeneracy dependence for the correlation energy. This mechanism can explain how the J=1/2acceptor bound exciton level can lie below the J=3/25/2levels for hole-attractive central cell potentials, and can also explain the level structure observed for multiple bound excitons. When the valence band degeneracy is allowed for using the spherical model of Baldereschi and Lipari (1974) it is found that for the neutral donor bound exciton, states derived from the hole in S3/2P3/2P5/2levels are close in energy. The quantum fluctuations imply that the domain of the canonical density matrix is larger than that spanned by eigenstates of the Hamiltonian.
A note on holomorphic maps with unipotent Jacobian matrices
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: November 2002

We prove that a holomorphic map

H
:

C

2

→

C

2

H:\mathbb {C}^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb {C}^{2}

is invertible if its Jacobian matrix

J
H

JH

is unipotent.
Localisation spectrale et sous-espaces hyperinvariants
Authors: Daoui A. , El-Fallah O.
Published: November 2002

To get hyperinvariant subspaces, we establish a relation between the growth of the resolvent and the geometry of the spectrum. Our approach is based on a resolution of the generalized Dirichlet problem.