bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO LITERÁRIA E FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE INICIAL
Authors: Barros Soares Batista Patrícia , Maria da Silva Giane , Carolina da Silva Caldeira Maria
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, analisamos a formação docente para a educação literária a partir da discussão das Diretrizes Curriculares para a Formação Docente e da matriz curricular do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), em articulação com as ações do projeto de extensão “Círculo de Leitura”, do Centro Pedagógico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Para promover experiências literárias que favoreçam o contato com diferentes vozes, tempos e espaços do texto literário, são realizados encontros, que se constituem em espaços formativos pelo compartilhamento de experiências, leituras e análises literárias de produções para a infância e estudo de textos acadêmicos. Os resultados apontam que a atual organização curricular valoriza saberes que silenciam uma educação para a sensibilidade e mostram a relevância da inserção de ações formativas teórico-práticas voltadas para a literatura na graduação.
Expansão territorial e desenvolvimento social na região do Bico do Papagaio: o caso dos Apinayé em Tocantinópolis
Authors: Rodrigues Walace , Gomes Jairon Barbosa , Pinto Lucas Lopes
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo busca-se analisar a expansão territorial e o desenvolvimento social no norte do estado do Tocantins a partir das experiências do povo indígena Apinayé. A área geográfica em questão compreende a microrregião do Bico do Papagaio, que integra a Amazônia Legal. Em termos metodológicos, a análise foi qualitativa, tendo a pesquisa sido realizada a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica que contemplou a perspectiva de desenvolvimento orientada às liberdades substantivas em relação à expansão territorial na região analisada. Os resultados preliminares revelam que os recursos naturais da Amazônia não podem continuar sendo explorados sem que ocorram importantes mudanças em diversos setores da sociedade brasileira. Em especial, requer-se outra visão em relação à Amazônia, dada a relevância da natureza, não apenas para os habitantes da região investigada, mas, inclusive, para a própria população brasileira.
A pandemia de Covid-19 e o atendimento à saúde Guarani M’byá
Authors: PASSOS HENRIQUE SCHLOSSMACHER , ASSIS GLAUCIA DE OLIVEIRA , ANTUNES DOUGLAS LADIK
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo se objetiva examinar alguns aspectos da territorialidade Guarani Mbyá, mais especificamente o Guata, enquanto prática cultural guarani que pode se tornar uma estratégia a ser valorizada na promoção da saúde indígena. O Guata é o termo que, na língua Tupi, define para os M’Byá, de forma simplificada, o conjunto de práticas associadas ao caminhar e à troca de sementes. Articulam-se aí conceitos de território, territorialidade, atenção diferenciada à saúde, além de outros correlacionados que têm uso corrente no planejamento territorial e nas ciências sociais. A metodologia qualitativa incluiu entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa documental. Como resultado obteve-se que o Guata se apresenta como uma categoria própria e um conceito norteador fundamental a ser considerado na elaboração e avaliação de políticas públicas em saúde específicas para os Guarani Mbyá no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19.
A globalização e a formação das regiões metropolitanas na Paraíba
Authors: Fernandes Elicely Cesário , Da Silva Júnior Izidio Rocha , SILVA ÂNGELO MAGALHÃES
Published: October 2024

Para compreender as regiões metropolitanas no Estado da Paraíba é necessário analisar sua constituição. Partindo disso, o presente artigo tem por objetivo estudar a lógica da construção das cidades, visando analisar a formação de regiões metropolitanas, em especial, no Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada se baseou em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (com revisão de artigos científicos e livros da área de Planejamento Urbano Regional), assim como em consulta à legislação federal e estadual sobre o tema. Realizou-se a pesquisa documental em sites oficiais do Governo do Estado e da Assembleia Legislativa da Paraíba, com vistas à obtenção de informações sobre a construção e composição das regiões metropolitanas. Os resultados indicam que, na Paraíba, o processo de formação de regiões metropolitanas não segue uma linha traçada pelo Estatuto da Metrópole, reconhecida pelo IBGE, nem obedece à lógica de observação do território, baseando-se, sobretudo, em interesses políticos e fins partidários, desconsiderando conhecimentos sobre o assunto.
Escolha locacional e economias de aglomeração: o polo médico do Recife
Authors: Lira da Silva José Matheus , De Moraes Rocha Roberta , Furtado Coelho Júnior Ãlvaro
Published: October 2024

O artigo apresenta uma análise da distribuição espacial dos novos estabelecimentos de saúde da cidade do Recife, no estado de Pernambuco, com o propósito de investigar onde se localizam e os fatores que explicam tal localização. Com base na literatura sobre abertura de novas firmas, são estimados modelos de regressão para dados de contagem a partir de duas bases principais: RAIS-MTE e Censo Demográfico (IBGE) de 2010. Dos resultados obtidos, é possível destacar que os serviços de saúde em Recife são significativamente concentrados, em uma estrutura monocêntrica, em torno da área central da cidade, que reúne características socioeconômicas atrativas e está interligada com as demais áreas por uma infraestrutura de transporte público, facilitando o acesso da população aos serviços médicos. Além disso, os resultados indicam que as economias de localização atuam como um fator de aglomeração, sugerindo que novos estabelecimentos são beneficiados pela proximidade de seus pares.
Efficacy of Botanical Insecticides for Controlling Cochineal Scale (Dactylopius opuntiae) Insect on Cactus (Dactylcompound sopius opuntiae) Plant at Southern Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Abadi Assefa , Brhane Tsehaye , Shelema Abrhaley
Published: October 2024

Cochineal scale insects, scientifically known as D. opuntiae, are small insects that feed on the sap of cacti plants. These insects are notorious for their ability to rapidly reproduce and spread, causing significant damage to cactus populations. Tigray region, located in northern Ethiopia, has been particularly affected by the relentless attack of cochineal scale insects on its cacti. The aim of this study was to evaluate botanical insecticide to control cochineal scale insect of cacti plant in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted during 2024 in off-season at Raya-azobo district. A total of five treatments; leave extract (Neem, Lantana camara and Pepper tree and liquid soap), salt+liquid soup, liquid soup, water and control (no sprayed)) were used in the field experiment. The experiment was laid out randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The mortality rate of cochineal scale insect had a significant difference at (p<0.001) among the treatments. The highest rate of mortality (free of cochineal scale insect) was calculated from the leave extract (100%) extracted from leaves. However, the increasing number of cochineal scale insect was observed from untreated (control) (+9.9%) followed by cladodes treated with water (45.29%). The current research findings provide strong evidence that botanical insecticide derived from plant leaves could be an effective solution for controlling cochineal scale insect infestations on cacti. These eco-friendly alternatives offer several advantages over synthetic pesticides in terms of reduced toxicity to non-target organisms. Beside; it should be promoted to further demonstration and popularization at farmer level in the coming off-season.
Effect of Biostimulants on the Growth Attributes and Yield of Rice
Authors: Dharini P. , Ramesh N. , Sundari A. , Thangavel P.
Published: October 2024

A field investigation was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu during September - February 2022 to study the effect of biostimulants on the growth attributes and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of T1 - 100% RDF (150:50:50 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O), T2 - 100% RDF + 3% Panchagavya spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T3 - 100% RDF + 5% Jeevamirtham spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T4 - 100% RDF + 3 % Dasagavya spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T5 - 100% RDF + 2% Humic acid spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T6 - 100% RDF + 5% Seaweed liquid fertilizer (Sargassum wightii) spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T7 - 100% RDF + 2% Effective microorganism inoculation spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, T8 - 100% RDF + 1% Liquid biofertilizer spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT and T9 - 100% RDF + 5% Seaweed liquid fertilizer (Ascophyllum nodosum) spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT. Among these treatments, it is observed that the application of a recommended dose of fertilizers along with 2 per cent humic acid spray at 30, 45 and 60 DAT had a remarkable effect on the resulted in enhanced values of growth attributes and yield viz., plant height (95.6 cm), number of tillers hill-1 (25.01), leaf area index (5.43), dry matter production (12927 kg ha-1), root length (24.63 cm), root volume (34.73 cc), grain yield (5540 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8200 kg ha-1) of rice.
Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes Based on Morphological Traits in Agro-climatic Regions of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sandhya Pabba Baby , Bara Bineeta. M. , Lal Gaibriyal. M.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2023-2024 at the experimental farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding ,Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh .A Randomized Block Design With three Replications was conducted for the study.22 Characters were observed and recorded which included ten qualitative traits and twelve quantitative traits days to 50 percent flowering, Days to pod initiation ,days to 50% pod setting ,plant height ,number of primary branches , number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, seed index. Among all the genotypes ICCV-10 recorded best performance for seed yield per plant, days to pod initiation, days to 50 percent pod setting followed by among all genotypes. Followed by PG-06102 among all the genotypes. High PCV and GCV where recorded in number of seeds per pod, number of primary branches. The number of seeds per pod recorded high heritability. High seed index is recorded under genetic advance.
Long term survival of a patient with Perlman syndrome due to novel compound heterozygous missense mutations in RNB domain of DIS3L2
Authors: Soma Noriko , Higashimoto Ken , Imamura Masaru , Saitoh Akihiko , Soejima Hidenobu , Nagasaki Keisuke
Published: March 2017

Perlman syndrome is a rare overgrowth syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios, macrosomia, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, and a predisposition to Wilms’ tumor. The syndrome is often associated with a high neonatal mortality rate and there are few reports of long‐term survivors. We studied a 6‐year‐old Japanese female patient, who was diagnosed with Perlman syndrome, with novel compound heterozygous mutations in DIS3L2 (c.[367‐2A > G];[1328T > A]), who has survived long term. Most reported DIS3L2 mutations have been the homozygous deletion of exon 6 or exon 9, and these mutations would certainly have caused the loss of both RNA binding and degradation activity. We have identified new compound heterozygous mutations in the DIS3L2 of this long‐term survivor of Perlman syndrome. The reason our patient has survived long‐term would be a missense mutation (c.1328 T > A, p.Met443Lys) having retained RNA binding in both the cold‐shock domains and the S1 domain, and through partial RNA degradation. If partial exonuclease functions remain in at least one allele, long‐term survival may be possible. Further studies of Perlman syndrome patients with proven DIS3L2 mutations are needed to clarify genotype‐phenotype correlation.
The Uncomfortably Important Place of Spirituality in Systemic Therapy
Authors: Errington Lauren
Published: March 2017

This article presents some of the author's reflections and observations of the challenges and opportunities that arise when including matters of spirituality in the therapeutic process. Research indicates that many individuals want to incorporate their spiritual or religious ideas with therapy (Hull, Suarez, & Hartman, ), yet doing so can often raise discomfort in the client, therapist and the therapeutic process, and so frequently the topic is avoided. This article considers the presence and importance of spirituality for many clients in understanding the dilemmas they bring to the therapy room, and reflects on some of the personal and institutional challenges of integrating spirituality into the therapeutic process. It concludes with some thoughts about the modest contribution systemic therapy might make in this regard, including the usefulness of opening dialogue about a client's spiritual history with early enquiry (Payman, ) and considering the relational context of a person's spirituality using Bowen Family Systems Theory (Kerr & Bowen, ).
Intimate Strangers? Working with Interfaith Couples and Families
Authors: Singh Reenee
Published: March 2017

Although intercultural couples are increasingly the norm there is a paucity of systemic literature on working with interfaith couples and families. This paper, based on composite case examples, attempts to address this gap. I use two examples of couples where one partner is South Asian Muslim, to illustrate four inter‐related themes that emerged in the process of the work. The themes were: therapists’ positioning, the importance of the wider socio‐political context, honour, shame and gendered beliefs, and the family life cycle. I also highlight how embodied and non‐verbal representational systemic techniques can be used when working with interfaith couples to access domains of relationality, which may be inaccessible to exclusively verbal strategies.
The Light within the Light: An Exploration of the Role of Anam Ċara in Irish Celtic Spiritualty and its Application to 21st‐century Therapy
Authors: McVeigh Mary Jo
Published: March 2017

There is an increasing interest in a holistic approach to therapy with families that includes integrating spirituality into theoretical and practice approaches. However, many practitioners feel ill‐equipped to narrow the gap between the clinical and the spiritual. This article explores an ancient Celtic Irish spiritual framework and its applicability to 21st‐century therapists. It focuses on the role of the Anam Ċara from the Celtic world. The Anam Ċara was a person of wisdom to whom people turned to for guidance, advice, and healing. This paper contends that the Anam Ċara of the ancient Celtic world is akin to the therapists of today. The Celtic Irish saw the spiritual context in all occasions and regarded all forms of work as sacred. This paper examines this sacred work. It looks at the language, rituals, and imagination of the Anam Ċara, translating these ancient practices for therapists to utilise to enhance their holistic approach to treatment.
Exploring accretion disk physics and black hole growth with regular monitoring of ultrafast active galactic nucleus winds
Authors: Pounds K. , Lobban A. , Nixon C.
Published: March 2017

Fifteen years ofXMM‐Newton observations have established that ultrafast highly ionized winds (UFOs) are common in radio‐quiet active galactic nucleus (AGN). A simple theory of Eddington‐limited accretion correctly predicts the typical velocity (∼0.1c) and high ionization of such winds, with observed flow energy capable of ejecting star‐forming gas. An extendedXMM‐Newton observation of the archetypalUFO PG1211+143 recently found a more complex flow pattern, suggesting that intensiveXMM‐Newton observations offer exciting potential for probing the inner accretion disk structure and super‐massive black hole (SMBH) growth.
The legacy of Stripe 82X in the next decade of XMM‐Newton
Authors: LaMassa S. M.
Published: March 2017

X‐ray surveys provide the most efficient mechanism for unveiling the growth and evolution of super‐massive black holes across the Universe. With the wide‐area “Stripe 82X” survey (∼31 deg2), we are discovering the rare, high‐luminosity, high‐redshift population missed in smaller area surveys, in a legacy field with a rich investment of multiwavelength coverage necessary for characterizing the X‐ray sources detected. Though this survey will provide much insight into the growth of black holes and their co‐evolution with their host galaxies, more area is needed to uncover a statistical sampling of the most distant active galactic nucleus (AGN; z > 3) at the highest luminosities and search for signatures of direct‐collapse super‐massive black holes in the unresolved X‐ray emission. Such a program will require a large investment of XMM‐Newton observing time, which is a challenge in the current time allocation landscape. Indeed, challenges for both XMM‐Newton and the next generation of telescopes in the coming decade include accommodating large time requests for observations necessary for advancing the field, devising best effort practices for the next generation of multiwavelength missions to efficiently return the best science in datasets orders of magnitude larger than what we have now (which can be informed by lessons learned from current XMM‐Newton programs); and making ancillary value‐added data products available to the community to truly harness the power of what X‐rays and XMM‐Newton has to offer.
Stilbene content and expression of stilbene synthase genes in cell cultures of Vitis amurensis treated with cinnamic and caffeic acids
Authors: Tyunin Alexey P. , Nityagovsky Nikolay N. , Grigorchuk Valeria P. , Kiselev Konstantin V.
Published: March 2017

It has previously been shown that exogenous application of p‐coumaric acid (CA), a precursor of phenolic compounds, improved stilbene production in cell cultures of Vitis amurensis. This study examines the effect of cinnamic (Cin) and caffeic (Caf) acids, which are also phenolic precursors, on stilbene biosynthesis in the cell cultures. Five stilbenes, t‐resveratrol diglucoside, t‐piceid (t‐resveratrol glucoside), t‐resveratrol, t‐ε‐viniferin, and t‐δ‐viniferin, were found in the treated and untreated cells. Cin acid increased the total stilbene production in the grape cell cultures 2.3–3.5 times in comparison with that in the untreated cells. Caf acid increased the total stilbene production by 1.8‐ to 1.9‐fold, but this increase was not considerably different from stilbene production in the untreated cells. Cin acid affected the total stilbene production via a marked increase in the content of t‐resveratrol diglucoside (up to 2.2 times), t‐piceid (up to three times), t‐resveratrol (up to 5.1 times), t‐ε‐viniferin (up to eight times), and t‐δ‐viniferin (up to 9.2 times). Transcription levels of VaSTS5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 genes considerably increased under 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM Cin acid. These results indicate that Cin acid increased stilbene production in V. amurensis calli via a selective enhancement of STS gene expression.
On small signal equivalent circuit models for quantum dots
Authors: Miano Giovanni , Forestiere Carlo , Boag Amir , Slepyan Gregory , Maffucci Antonio
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we introduce small signal equivalent circuit models for quantum dots at equilibrium driven by classical electromagnetic fields. We investigate both an isolated quantum dot and a pair of interacting quantum dots coupled by the electric dipole–dipole interaction. In particular, we derive the impulse responses of the equivalent circuit elements from the density operator of the quantum dots. The use of equivalent circuit elements for complex systems of quantum dots may greatly simplify the analysis and the design of light‐matter interaction processes at the nanoscale. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of enilconazole enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrin‐type chiral selectors and investigation of structure of selector‐selectand complexes by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Gogolashvili Ann , Tatunashvili Elene , Chankvetadze Lali , Sohajda Tamas , Szeman Julianna , Salgado Antonio , Chankvetadze Bezhan
Published: March 2017

In the present study, the enantiomer migration order (EMO) of enilconazole in the presence of various cyclodextrins (CDs) was investigated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Opposite EMO of enilconazole were observed when β‐CD or the sulfated heptakis(2‐O‐methyl‐3,6‐di‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD (HMDS‐β‐CD) was used as the chiral selectors. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism of chiral recognition between enilconazole enantiomers and those two cyclodextrins. On the basis of rotating frame nuclear Overhauser (ROESY) experiments, the structure of an inclusion complex between enilconazole and β‐CD was derived, in which (+)‐enilconazole seemed to form a tighter complex than the (‐)‐enantiomer. This correlates well with the migration order of enilconazole enantiomers observed in CE. No evidence of complexation between enilconazole and HMDS‐β‐CD could be gathered due to lack of intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). Most likely the interaction between enilconazole and HMDS‐β‐CD leads to formation of a shallow external complex that is sufficient for separation of enantiomers in CE but cannot be evidenced based on ROESY experiment. Thus, in this particular case CE documents the presence of intermolecular interactions which are at least very difficult to be evidenced by other instrumental techniques.
Carbon Nanotubes–MnOx Nanocomposite as Support for Iron‐Based Catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis of Liquid Fuels
Authors: Liu Renjie , Liu Runxue , Si Mengyao , Lv Jing , Ma Xinbin , Li Zhenhua
Published: March 2017

A facile one‐pot hydrothermal method is developed to synthesize a series of carbon nanotubes–manganese oxide nanocomposites (CNTs–MnOx) with different morphologies and Mn valence states. These nanocomposite materials are then utilized as catalyst supports in iron‐based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the production of liquid fuels. Experimental results indicate that Fe/CNTs‐K‐190 (iron catalyst supported on the CNTs treated with KMnO4 at 190 °C) and Fe/CNTs‐KU‐190 (iron catalyst supported on the CNTs treated with KMnO4 and urea at 190 °C) display higher FTS activity than the Fe/CNTs‐K‐110 (iron catalyst supported on CNTs treated with KMnO4 at 110 °C) and Fe/CNTs‐KU‐110 (iron catalyst supported on CNTs treated with KMnO4 and urea at 110 °C). This might be due to the weak metal–support interaction and high MnO content, and the poorer stability than Fe/CNTs‐K‐110 and Fe/CNTs‐KU‐110 catalysts with nanosheet morphology might be related to the structural collapse of the nanocubes or nanorods due to MnO evolution during the FTS process. The CNTs–MnOx nanocomposite‐supported iron FTS catalysts in particular display unparalleled high C5+ selectivity (over 90 %) and very low CH4 selectivity (below 4.6 %). The unique CNTs–MnOx nanocomposites may open a new window for the understanding, design, synthesis, and optimization of iron catalysts toward high‐efficiency transport fuel production.
Ginsenoside Rg3 restores hepatitis C virus–induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits virus propagation
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jun , Jang Jae Young , Kim Eun‐Jung , Cho Eun Kyung , Ahn Dae‐Gyun , Kim Chonsaeng , Park Han Seul , Jeong Soung Won , Lee Sae Hwan , Kim Sang Gyune , Kim Young Seok , Kim Hong Soo , Kim Boo Sung , Lee Jihyung , Siddiqui Aleem
Published: March 2017

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) alters mitochondrial dynamics associated with persistent viral infection and suppression of innate immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a pathologic feature of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Despite the high efficacy of DAAs, their use in treating patients with chronic hepatitis C in interferon‐sparing regimens occasionally produces undesirable side effects such as fatigue, migraine, and other conditions, which may be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we show that clinically prescribed DAAs, including sofosbuvir, affect mitochondrial dynamics. To counter these adverse effects, we examined HCV‐induced and DAA‐induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics modulated by ginsenoside, which is known to support healthy mitochondrial physiology and the innate immune system. We screened several ginsenoside compounds showing antiviral activity using a robust HCV cell culture system. We investigated the role of ginsenosides in antiviral efficacy, alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, abnormal mitochondrial fission, its upstream signaling, and mitophagic process caused by HCV infection or DAA treatment. Only one of the compounds, ginsenoside Rg3 (G‐Rg3), exhibited notable and promising anti‐HCV potential. Treatment of HCV‐infected cells with G‐Rg3 increased HCV core protein–mediated reduction in the expression level of cytosolic p21, required for increasing cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 activity, which catalyzes Ser616 phosphorylation of dynamin‐related protein 1. The HCV‐induced mitophagy, which follows mitochondrial fission, was also rescued by G‐Rg3 treatment. Conclusion: G‐Rg3 inhibits HCV propagation. Its antiviral mechanism involves restoring the HCV‐induced dynamin‐related protein 1–mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission process, thereby resulting in suppression of persistent HCV infection. (Hepatology 2017;66:758–771)
Variability in the onset of summer monsoon over Gangetic West Bengal, India: an investigation with climatology of tropopause characteristics
Authors: Mondal P. , Chaudhuri S. , Pal J. , Khan F. , Roy Chowdhury A. , Sarkar I.
Published: March 2017

The inter‐annual variation in the onset of summer monsoon over Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) (22.5°–25°N; 85°–90°E), India is investigated by analyzing temperature gradient (Tg) at tropopause (100 and 70 hPa) and mid‐tropospheric (500–200 hPa) levels, outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR), wind and its divergence, vorticity at 150, 100 and 70 hPa pressure levels, low‐level (850 hPa) convergence along with vertical motion of air during the period from 1982 to 2012. The objective is to observe the dynamical variability at tropopause and its impact on lower troposphere during variable onset of summer monsoon over GWB. The years under study are classified as delayed, normal and advanced monsoon years by estimating the mean date of onset over GWB. Decreasing and increasing trends in Tg during the onset over GWB is observed at 100, 70 and (500–200) hPa levels, respectively. The sharp changes in Tg might have aided in dragging the monsoon wind over GWB during the advanced onset years in contrast to the normal and delayed onsets. The position of South Asian High (SAH) at 150 hPa level over Bay of Bengal is observed to change during advanced, normal and delayed onset years. The SAH is found to tilt with height towards warm air forming anti‐cyclonic vortices at 100 and 70 hPa levels. The changing position of SAH at 150 hPa level leads to dissimilarity in divergence of wind at upper levels which in turn influences the low‐level convergence and the position of vorticity during advanced, normal and delayed onset years. The result further reveals that OLR is quite low on the onset day during advanced monsoon years compared to normal and delayed years. The anomaly in OLR depicts different features during advanced, normal and delayed onset years.
Interpolation of temperatures under forest cover on a regional scale in the French Jura Mountains
Authors: Joly Daniel , Gillet François
Published: March 2017

A network of 48 stations was setup in the Jura Mountains (France) to interpolate temperatures under forest cover, an environment that differs markedly from open sites. The stations were positioned so as to sample all topographical settings. The series analysed consisted of the daily minima and maxima extracted from observations recorded for a year (356 days). Regressions were used to describe relations between temperatures under forest cover (dependent random variables) and a set of explanatory variables: latitudinal and longitudinal variations, distance to the nearest forest edge, and seven variables derived from a digital terrain model by geomatic computation [elevation, slope gradient, sine and cosine of slope aspect, global radiation (g‐rad), valley depth, and hump amplitude]. Elevation is the variable that most strongly affects the spatial variation of temperatures under forest cover followed by valley depth, longitudinal variation, and g‐rad (for maxima only). Variables that are significant at the 10% level are combined in multiple regressions with a view to estimating temperatures at 50 m resolution. TheMAEvalues are 0.82 and 0.77 °C for minima and maxima, respectively; adjustedR2values are 0.47 for minima and 0.64 for maxima. Finally, we present four maps of estimated temperature under forest cover.
Exciton acoustic–phonon coupling in single In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum rings
Authors: Triki M. , Jaziri S.
Published: March 2017

Coupling of acoustic phonons to excitons in small In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum rings (QRs) is investigated. The temperature dependence on the spectral distribution of the excitonic single QR luminescence is presented and discussed. The contributions of piezoelectric and deformation potential couplings are specified. We find that QR spectra exhibit non‐Lorentzian line shapes including sharp zero‐phonon lines with broad backgrounds induced by acoustic phonons couplings. The latter are strongly temperature dependent. Coupling via the deformation potential mechanism is found to have the dominant contribution. This involves more energetic phonons and leads to sideband broadenings. Phonons that contribute to piezoelectric coupling have low energies. Their impact is in close proximity to the zero‐phonon line (ZPL) peak.
Magnetic CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Catalyzed Diacetoxylation of Alkenes and 1,2‐Oxyacetoxylation of Terminal Alkynes Using PhI(OAc)2 as Oxidant
Authors: Srinivas B. T. V. , Supriya P. , Rohithrao V. , Naidu N. V. S. , Sreedhar B.
Published: March 2017

Magnetically retrievable CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for selective syn diacetoxylation of alkenes have been achieved using PhI(OAc)2 as oxidant under mild conditions. In addition, by using this protocol, different kinds of terminal alkynes were efficiently converted into the corresponding α‐acetoxy ketones. The catalysts were reused with consistent activity up to five cycles. To the best of our knowledge, CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 heterogeneous catalyzed diacetoxylation of alkenes has not been studied so far.
Zika-Virus-Related Photo Sharing on Pinterest and Instagram
Authors: Fung Isaac Chun-Hai , Blankenship Elizabeth B. , Goff M. Elizabeth , Mullican Lindsay A. , Chan Kwun Cheung , Saroha Nitin , Duke Carmen H. , Eremeeva Marina E. , Fu King-Wa , Tse Zion Tsz Ho
Published: March 2017

Objective

Pinterest (San Francisco, CA) and Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) are 2 popular photo-sharing social media platforms among young individuals. We assessed differences between Instagram and Pinterest in relaying photographic information regarding Zika virus. Specifically, we investigated whether the percentage of Zika-virus-related photos with Spanish or Portuguese texts embedded therein was higher for Instagram than for Pinterest and whether the contents of Zika-virus-related photos shared on Pinterest were different from those shared on Instagram.

Methods

We retrieved and manually coded 616 Pinterest (key words: “zika” AND “virus”) and 616 Instagram (hashtag: #zikavirus) photos.

Results

Among the manually coded samples, 47% (290/616) of Pinterest photos and 23% (144/616) of Instagram photos were relevant to Zika virus. Words were embedded in 57% (164/290) of relevant Pinterest photos and all 144 relevant Instagram photos. Among the photos with embedded words, photos in Spanish or Portuguese were more prevalent on Instagram (77/144, 53%) than on Pinterest (14/164, 9%). There were more Zika-virus-related photos on Instagram than on Pinterest pertinent to Zika virus prevention (59/144, 41%, versus 41/290, 14%; P<0.0001), the effects of Zika virus on pregnancy (27/144, 19%, versus 32/290, 11%; P=0.04), and Zika-virus-associated deaths (4/144, 2%, versus 0/290, 0%; P=0.01).

Conclusions

Pinterest and Instagram are similar platforms for Zika virus prevention communication. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:656–659)
Definitional Change in NHSN CAUTI Was Associated with an Increase in CLABSI Events: Evaluation of a Large Health System
Authors: Fakih Mohamad G. , Groves Clariecia , Bufalino Angelo , Sturm Lisa K. , Hendrich Ann L.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) definition was revised as of January 2015 to exclude funguria and lower bacteriuria levels. We evaluated the effect of the CAUTI definition change on NHSN-defined central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) outcomes.

METHODS

We compared CAUTI and CLABSI NHSN-defined outcomes for calendar years 2014 and 2015 in the adult intensive care units (ICUs) of a single large health system. Changes in the event rates, the associated organisms, and the standardized infection ratio (SIR) were evaluated.

RESULTS

The study included 137 adult ICUs from 65 hospitals. The CAUTI SIR dropped from 1.04 in 2014 to 0.58 in 2015 (−44.2%), while the CLABSI SIR increased from 0.36 in 2014 to 0.47 in 2015 (+30.6%). CAUTI rates dropped 44.8% from 2.09 to 1.15 events per 1,000 device days (P<.001). Gram-positive–associated CAUTI rates dropped 36.7% from 0.34 to 0.22 per 1,000 device days (P=.007). CLABSI rates increased 27.1% from 0.71 to 0.90 per 1,000 device days (P=.027). Candida-associated CLABSI increased by 91.1% from 0.104 to 0.198 per 1,000 device days (P=.012), and Enterococcus-associated CLABSI increased by 121.6% from 0.071 to 0.16 per 1,000 device days (P=.008).

CONCLUSIONS

The revised CAUTI definition led to a large reduction in CAUTI rates and, in turn, an increase in candidemia and enterococcemia cases classified as CLABSI events. These findings have important implications on the perceived successes or failures to eliminate both infections.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:685–689
Expansion of Feral Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) on Non-crop Hillsides in Northern Utah
Authors: Roerig Kyle C. , Ransom Corey V.
Published: March 2017

Feral cereal rye is an aggressive, persistent winter annual grass. Although feral rye has been documented as a weed in Utah cropland for many years, it has only recently been described as a weed of natural areas in Utah. After feral rye was observed on hillside locations where it had not previously been present, research was conducted to evaluate expansion rates in isolated patches and on a landscape scale. Individual patch measurements indicated expansion rates of 17%, 42%, 44%, and 112% in 2009. The landscape expansion rates were 1%, 4%, 8%, 21%, and 50% in the same year. The spread of feral rye appears to have occurred primarily on south- to west-facing slopes where the density and diversity of native species is limited. The expansion of feral rye into natural, undisturbed areas indicates that this species should be closely monitored. The relatively short seed longevity and current small infestations make it a good candidate for early detection/rapid response efforts.
The “Aspects of Christ” (Epinoiai Christou) in Origen'sCommentary on the Epistle to the Romans
Authors: Kuhner Matthew
Published: March 2017

Origen's understanding of theepinoiai(aspects or concepts) of Christ is certainly one of the most fascinating and unique facets of his theology. By no means a marginal element in his Logos-Christology, a treatment, mention, or application of theepinoiaican be found in most of Origen's surviving texts. Scholarship on this topic has justifiably focused upon the two primary sources of theepinoiaiin Origen's writings: Book I of hisCommentary on Johnand Book I, Chapter 2 ofOn First Principles. While referencing these texts because of their systematic and definitional character, I intend to focus this article upon the substantial and multifaceted role of theepinoiai Christouin Origen'sCommentary on Romans, the oldest extant commentary on this Pauline epistle. In doing so, my thesis is two-fold: first, I will argue that theepinoiai Christouplay a considerable role in Origen's exegesis of Paul's epistle. If correct, this conclusion will be crucial for anyone seeking to gain a comprehensive account of Origen's concept of theepinoiai. Such is especially the case insofar as I will propose that theCommentary on Romansaccentuates specifically the virtues asepinoiai, thereby offering a noteworthy glimpse into this particular aspect of Origen'sepinoiaiteaching. Second, I will argue that the results of Origen's application of theepinoiaiconcept to his exegesis constitute a compelling reading of the Pauline text that is worthy of contemporary engagement.
Kierkegaard as Socratic Street Preacher?: Reimagining the Dialectic of Direct and Indirect Communication for Christian Proclamation
Authors: Edwards Aaron
Published: March 2017

Is it possible to believe that the implications of the Christian Gospel are of such a kind that it cannot be communicated directly, and that the implications of the Christian Gospel are of such a kind that it ought to be preached on the street? Whether such a view is indeed “possible” did not bother the great paradoxical thinker, Søren Kierkegaard, who appeared to hold it. Indeed, one of the most enduring elements of Kierkegaard's theological legacy is his rigorously dialectical approach to Christian communication. For the reader of Kierkegaard, comprehending his (in)direct communication is typically both a frustrating and inspirational affair. On the one hand, Kierkegaard believed that the Gospel—precisely because of its unique existential consequences—cannot be preached directly; and on the other hand, he believed in the impassioned proclamation of this very same Gospel for the very same reasons. Traveling through his enigmatic authorship, one finds both of these aspects side by side, back to front, or sometimes one on top of the other. It is well noted that although Kierkegaard displays different stages of emphasis, he never totally relinquishes the importance of either method. It is the question of this article to re-engage this dialectical quandary, and to see how the paradoxical juxtaposition might prove both directly and indirectly instructive to a theology of Christian proclamation.
THE EAST INDIA COLLEGE DEBATE AND THE FASHIONING OF IMPERIAL OFFICIALS, 1806–1858
Authors: WILKINSON CALLIE
Published: March 2017

Throughout its relatively brief existence, the English East India Company's college in Hertfordshire was hotly debated in Company headquarters, parliament, and the press. These disputes are deeply revealing of contemporary attitudes to the inter-related issues of elite education, government, ‘Britishness’, and empire. Previously, historians interested in the relationship between education and empire have concentrated largely on British attempts to construct colonial subjects, but just as important and just as controversial to contemporaries was the concomitant endeavour to create colonial officials. On a practical level, disputes in educational theory made it difficult to decide on how to train recruits who would satisfy growing demands for transparency, accountability, and merit. Furthermore, on certain points contemporaries fundamentally disagreed about which qualities an imperial official should have. These disagreements reflected deeper uncertainties, particularly regarding the ideal relationship to be fostered between the Company, Britain, and India. In short, this debate highlights the tensions, anxieties, and ambiguities surrounding reform and imperial expansion in the early nineteenth century.
The Torelli group and the Kauffman bracket skein module
Authors: TSUJI SHUNSUKE
Published: March 2017

We introduce an embedding of the Torelli group of a compact connected oriented surface with non-empty connected boundary into the completed Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the surface, which gives a new construction of the first Johnson homomorphism.
Towards a coherent global framework for health financing: recommendations and recent developments
Authors: Ottersen Trygve , Elovainio Riku , Evans David B. , McCoy David , Mcintyre Di , Meheus Filip , Moon Suerie , Ooms Gorik , Røttingen John-Arne
Published: March 2017

The articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how to make progress towards a coherent global framework for health financing. These recommendations pertain to domestic financing of national health systems, global public goods for health, external financing for national health systems and the cross-cutting issues of accountability and agreement on a new global framework. Since the Working Group concluded its work, multiple events have reinforced the group’s recommendations. Among these are the agreement on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and the release of the Panama Papers. These events also represent new stepping stones towards a new global framework.
Slave Raiders vs. Friars:Tierra Firme, 1513–1522
Authors: Stone Erin
Published: March 2017

In early 1515, a small Spanish expedition set sail for the province of Cumaná, located along the coast of what was then called Tierra Firme (an area spanning much of present-day Central and South America). Nominally, the squadron, led by Spanish scribe Gomez de Ribera, was sent to punish a group of “Carib” Indians who had recently attacked and killed two Spaniards on the small island of San Vicente. Once caught, these “Caribs” would be enslaved and sold in the markets of Española, Puerto Rico, or Cuba. Caribs, though speakers of the Arawakan language, were inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles and were likely culturally and politically distinct from the Taíno of the Greater Antilles. Inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles first received the ethnic label of Carib during Christopher Columbus's second voyage in 1493. Over time, Europeans exacerbated the pre-Columbian divide between Caribs and Taínos, creating a colonial dichotomy that helped the Spanish to expand the indigenous slave trade. By the third decade of colonization, or the time of Ribera's expedition, the Spanish had begun labeling all rebellious Indians as Caribs or cannibals so as to legally enslave them.
Earth Science Budget Woes Cast a Shadow on Planetary Scientists
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: March 2017

NASA's record-high proposed planetary science budget didn't quell the fears scientists have about cuts to Earth sciences.
Targeting 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 associated with drug-resistant renal cell carcinoma using new oridonin analogs
Authors: Zhou Jiancheng , Yun Eun-Jin , Chen Wei , Ding Ye , Wu Kaijie , Wang Bin , Ding Chunyong , Hernandez Elizabeth , Santoyo John , Pong Rey-Chen , Chen Haiying , He Dalin , Zhou Jia , Hsieh Jer-Tsong
Published: March 2017

The current agents used for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) only exhibit the moderate response rate among patients. Development of drug resistance eventually fuels the need of either more potent drugs or new drugs to target the resistant pathways. Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens and has been shown to have antitumor activities in many cancers. We previously developed new synthetic methodologies to modify structurally diversified diterpenoids and designed a series of nitrogen-enriched oridonin analogs. In this study, we screened a variety of oridonin analogs based on their cytotoxicity using MTT assay and identify the most potent candidate, namely, CYD-6-17. CYD-6-17 exhibited a high potency to inhibit the in vitro growth of several drug-resistant RCC cells as well as endothelial cells stimulated by tumor cells at nanomolar range. Delivery of CYD-6-17 significantly inhibited RCC tumor growth using xenograft model. Mechanistically, it targeted the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 gene that appeared to be a potent regulator of AKT and was associated with patient survival after targeted therapies. This offers a new rational therapeutic regimen of CYD-6-17 to drug-resistant RCC based on its novel mechanism of action.
Brain activity in the right-frontal pole and lateral occipital cortex predicts successful post-operatory outcome after surgery for anterior glenoumeral instability
Authors: Zanchi Davide , Cunningham Gregory , Lädermann Alexandre , Ozturk Mehmet , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Haller Sven
Published: March 2017

Shoulder apprehension is more complex than a pure mechanical problem of the shoulder, creating a scar at the brain level that prevents the performance of specific movements. Surgery corrects for shoulder instability at the physical level, but a re-dislocation within the first year is rather common. Predicting which patient will be likely to have re-dislocation is therefore crucial. We hypothesized that the assessment of neural activity at baseline and follow-up is the key factor to predict the post-operatory outcome. 13 patients with shoulder apprehension (30.03 ± 7.64 years) underwent clinical and fMRI examination before and one year after surgery for shoulder dislocation contrasting apprehension cue videos and control videos. Data analyses included task-related general linear model (GLM) and correlations imaging results with clinical scores. Clinical examination showed decreased pain and increased shoulder functions for post-op vs. pre-op. Coherently, GLM results show decreased activation of the left pre-motor cortex for post-surgery vs. pre-surgery. Right-frontal pole and right-occipital cortex activity predicts good recovery of shoulder function measured by STT. Our findings demonstrate that beside physical changes, changes at the brain level also occur one year after surgery. In particular, decreased activity in pre-motor and orbito-frontal cortex is key factor for a successful post-operatory outcome.
Absence of Role of Dietary Protein Sensing in the Metabolic Benefits of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass in the Mouse
Authors: Barataud Aude , Goncalves Daisy , Vinera Jennifer , Zitoun Carine , Duchampt Adeline , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Mithieux Gilles
Published: March 2017

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) induces remission or substantial improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The beneficial effects of dietary proteins on energy and glucose homeostasis are mediated by the antagonist effects of peptides toward mu-opioid receptors (MORs), which are highly expressed in the distal gut. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of RYGB could depend at least in part on the interaction of peptides from food with intestinal MORs. Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) was performed in obese and lean wild-type (WT) or MOR deficient (MOR−/−) mice. Food intake and body weight was monitored daily during 3 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed from glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In obese WT and MOR−/− mice, DJB induced a rapid and sustained weight loss partly independent of food intake, and a rapid improvement in glycaemic parameters. Weight loss was a major determinant of the improvements observed. In lean WT and MOR−/− mice, DJB had no effect on weight loss but significantly enhanced glucose tolerance. We found that MORs are not essential in the metabolic beneficial effects of DJB, suggesting that protein sensing in the distal gut is not a link in the metabolic benefits of gastric surgery.