bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity for Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance as Determined by Genome‐Wide Association Mapping and Inheritance in Progeny
Authors: Dahleen Lynn S. , Bregitzer Phil , Mornhinweg Do , Klos Kathy Esvelt
Published: August 2015

Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] is an increasing problem on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) throughout the world. Genetic resistance has been identified and used to create barley germplasm and cultivars adapted to the United States. Several mapping studies have been conducted to identify loci associated with resistance, but questions remain, particularly regarding the extent of genetic diversity among resistance sources and improved lines and cultivars. Association analysis of resistant (R) and moderately resistant (MR), unadapted accessions held in the USDA–ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Collection, adapted germplasm lines derived from these accessions, and susceptible (S) elite cultivars was conducted using 4509 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify markers linked to resistance. Resistance was associated with loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 5H, and 7H at p‐values <0.0001, and the major 1H and 3H loci identified in previous tests were confirmed. However, the genetics of RWA resistance was shown to be complex, and it is likely that loci involved in resistance in some lines were not identified. Nevertheless, this analysis identified diversity among R lines and showed that most of the released RWA‐resistant cultivars had similar genotypes at loci associated with resistance. This analysis also identified R lines that were genetically dissimilar to the released cultivars at these loci. This information can guide parental selection for future breeding efforts designed to capture and deploy greater diversity for RWA resistance among new barley cultivars.
Carbon Allocation Patterns into Proteins and Lipids Associated with Superior Tolerance of Perennial Grass to High Soil Temperature
Authors: Rachmilevitch Shimon , Cohen Itay , Huang Bingru
Published: August 2015

Plant adaptation to heat stress may involve changes in C allocation within the plant. The objective of this study was to determine whether heat tolerance of C3 perennial grass species was associated with the alteration of C allocation to proteins and lipids under heat stress. We study the patterns of allocation of newly fixed C through photosynthesis to proteins and lipids of heat‐tolerant thermal Agrostis scabra Willd. and heat‐sensitive creeping bent grass (A. stolonifera L. ‘Penncross’) exposed to high soil temperatures at 37°C or control temperature at 20°C. The allocation patterns of newly fixed C during heat stress into proteins and lipids in various plant organs (shoots, crowns, and roots) were examined using the 14CO2 pulse‐chase labeling technique. High soil temperature reduced the allocation of newly fixed C into proteins and lipids in shoots and roots, resulting in a lower protein and lipid content than control plants for both grass species. The decline in the protein and lipid content and the decrease in the 14C allocation were less pronounced in thermal A. scabra than in A. stolonifera. The more efficient incorporation of newly fixed 14C into lipids and proteins could support the superior tolerance of thermal A. scabra to prolonged periods of high soil temperatures.
Wetting and Drying Variability of the Shallow Subsurface Beneath a Snowpack in California's Southern Sierra Nevada
Authors: Webb Ryan W. , Fassnacht Steven R. , Gooseff Michael N.
Published: August 2015

In recent years, regions such as the western United States have been projected to have drastically changing snow and soil moisture conditions in mountainous regions. The importance of subsurface flow during snowmelt for groundwater recharge and streamflow has long been known. This study was conducted to investigate the variability of soil wetting and drying dynamics within a network of soil moisture sensors beneath a seasonally persistent snowpack in California's southern Sierra Nevada. Data were analyzed to quantify the persistence of soil moisture, the rate of change in soil moisture, and vertical gradients of soil moisture during the 2009, 2010, and 2011 water years at varying elevations (1750–2000 m), aspects (north, south, and flat), and canopy conditions (open, drip edge, and under canopy). Results from this study demonstrated snowmelt water moving through a wetted shallow region of the soil in most locations, while other locations displayed drier conditions in the top layers of soil and higher rates of soil moisture change deeper within the soil. This occurred at various depths within the top 1 m of soil, displaying high variability across the catchment and under different canopy conditions. More than 1400 pulse events above a rate of change in water content of 0.06 cm cm−1 d−1 were observed, with many >0.10 cm cm−1 d−1. Average numbers of pulse events per year ranged from 1 to 18, with a median of 4.3 for all sensors. The lower elevation sensors averaged 6.0 wetting events per year reaching at least 60‐cm depth and the upper sensors averaged 4.7, with standard deviations among elevation and aspect clusters ranging from 2.5 to 3.0 for upper elevation sites and 2.9 to 3.2 for lower elevation sites. This demonstrates the high variability of the wetting and drying dynamics of the top 1 m of soil at the sub‐hillslope scale. These results have implications for groundwater recharge, plant production, and streamflow response in a changing climate.
Effects of bioethanol ultrasonic generated aerosols application on diesel engine performances
Authors: Mariasiu Florin , Burnete Nicolae , Moldovanu Dan , Varga Bogdan , Iclodean Calin , Kocsis Levente
Published: August 2015

In this paper the effects of an experimental bioethanol fumigation
application using an experimental ultrasound device on performance and
emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally
investigated. Engine performance and pollutant emissions variations were
considered for three different types of fuels (biodiesel,
biodiesel-bioethanol blend and biodiesel and fumigated bioethanol).
Reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and NOx pollutant emissions are
correlated with the use of ultrasonic fumigation of bioethanol fuel,
comparative to use of biodiesel-bioethanol blend. Considering the fuel
consumption as diesel engine?s main performance parameter, the proposed
bioethanol?s fumigation method, offers the possibility to use more efficient
renewable biofuels (bioethanol), with immediate effects on environmental
protection.
The effect of reactor height on coal gasification
Authors: Dolu Cem , Kuddusi Lutfullah
Published: August 2015

A comprehensive 2-D numerical model has been developed to simulate the coal gasification and investigate the effect of reactor height on the coal gasification in fluidized bed. Gas-solid flow, homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions were considered. An Eulerian model for fluid phase and discrete particle method (Lagrangian) for particle phase were used in this study. The reaction rates of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were determined by Arrhenius-eddy dissipation reaction rate and Arrhenius-diffusion rate, respectively. Simulations were performed in a fluidized bed coal gasifier with twelve different reactor heights and with a diameter of 0.22 m. The calculated values were compared with the experimental values for the reactor height of 2 m available in open literature. It shows that the predicted exit gas mole fractions are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
A modified stanton number for heat transfer through fabric surface
Authors: Zhang Shen-Zhong , Zhao Lei , He Ji-Huan
Published: August 2015

The Stanton number was originally proposed for describing heat transfer
through a smooth surface. A modified one is suggested in this paper to take
into account non-smooth surface or fractal surface. The emphasis is put on
the heat transfer through fabrics.
Effect of Restorative Protocol on Cuspal Strain and Residual Stress in Endodontically Treated Molars
Authors: Pereira RAS , Bicalho AA , Franco SD , Tantbirojn D , Versluis A , Soares CJ
Published: August 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of the restorative protocol on cuspal strain, fracture resistance, residual stress, and mechanical properties of restorative materials in endodontically treated molars.

Methods

Forty-five molars received mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) Class II preparations and endodontic treatment followed by direct restorations using three restorative protocols: composite resin (CR) only (Filtek Supreme, 3M-ESPE), resin modified glass ionomer cement in combination with CR (Vitremer, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity), conventional glass ionomer cement in combination with composite resin (CGI-CR) (Ketac Fil, 3M-ESPE in pulp chamber and Filtek Supreme in MOD cavity). Cuspal strain was measured using strain gauges, and fracture resistance was tested with an occlusal load. Elastic modulus (EM) and Vickers hardness (VH) of the restorative materials were determined at different depths using dynamic microhardness indentation. Curing shrinkage was measured using the strain gauge technique. The restorative protocols were also simulated in finite element analysis (FEA). The shrinkage strain, cuspal strain, EM, VH, and fracture resistance data were statistically analyzed using split-plot analysis of variance and Tukey test (p=0.05). Residual shrinkage stresses were expressed in modified von Mises equivalent stresses.

Results

Shrinkage strain values (in volume %) were Ketac Fil (0.08±0.01) < Vitremer (0.18±0.01) < Filtek Supreme (0.54±0.03). Cuspal strain was higher and fracture resistance was lower when using CR only compared with the techniques that used glass ionomer. The EM and VH of the materials in the pulp chamber were significantly lower for glass ionomer. The FEA showed that using CR only resulted in higher residual stresses in enamel and root dentin close to the pulp chamber than the combinations with glass ionomers (RMGI-CR and CGI-CR).

Conclusions

The choice of restorative protocol significantly affected the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated molars. Using glass ionomer to fill the pulp chamber is recommended when endodontically treated molars receive direct composite restorations because it reduces cuspal strain and increases fracture resistance.
Effectiveness of Fluorescence-based Methods in Monitoring Progression of Noncavitated Caries-like Lesions on Smooth Surfaces
Authors: Diniz MB , Campos PH , Sanabe ME , Duarte DA , Santos MTBR , Guaré RO , Duque C , Lussi A , Rodrigues JA
Published: August 2015

Although there has been a significant decrease in caries prevalence in developed countries, the slower progression of dental caries requires methods capable of detecting and quantifying lesions at an early stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence-based methods (DIAGNOdent 2095 laser fluorescence device [LF], DIAGNOdent 2190 pen [LFpen], and VistaProof fluorescence camera [FC]) in monitoring the progression of noncavitated caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces. Caries-like lesions were developed in 60 blocks of bovine enamel using a bacterial model of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Enamel blocks were evaluated by two independent examiners at baseline (phase I), after the first cariogenic challenge (eight days) (phase II), and after the second cariogenic challenge (a further eight days) (phase III) by two independent examiners using the LF, LFpen, and FC. Blocks were submitted to surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness analyses. The intraclass correlation coefficient for intra- and interexaminer reproducibility ranged from 0.49 (FC) to 0.94 (LF/LFpen). SMH values decreased and fluorescence values increased significantly among the three phases. Higher values for sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were observed for FC (phase II) and LFpen (phase III). A significant correlation was found between fluorescence values and SMH in all phases and integrated loss of surface hardness (ΔKHN) in phase III. In conclusion, fluorescence-based methods were effective in monitoring noncavitated caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces, with moderate correlation with SMH, allowing differentiation between sound and demineralized enamel.
Consumers' Intention to Attend Soccer Events: Application and Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Eddosary Melfy , Ko Yong Jae , Sagas Michael , Kim Hee Youn
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify important factors of consumers' intention to attend professional soccer events among Saudi Arabian soccer fans. To explore the decision-making process of this relatively understudied population, the theory of planned behavior was used as theoretical background. Particularly, this study measured the effect of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (time and money), and game importance on intention to attend, and examined the moderating role of commitment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using 231 Saudi university students ( M = 21.9 yr., SD = 1.21) indicate that attitude and game importance were significantly related to attendance intention. The effect of subjective norms was significant only for the low commitment group and game importance was more important for the low than the high commitment group.
Gifted and Maladjusted? Implicit Attitudes and Automatic Associations Related to Gifted Children
Authors: Preckel Franzis , Baudson Tanja Gabriele , Krolak-Schwerdt Sabine , Glock Sabine
Published: August 2015

The disharmony hypothesis (DH) states that high intelligence comes at a cost to the gifted, resulting in adjustment problems. We investigated whether there is a gifted stereotype that falls in line with the DH and affects attitudes toward gifted students. Preservice teachers ( N = 182) worked on single-target association tests and affective priming tasks. High intelligence was more strongly associated with gifted than with average-ability students. Adjustment problems were more strongly associated with gifted than with average-ability students for males only. Attitudes toward gifted students were neutral when no component of the DH was activated but were negative toward gifted males when adjustment difficulties were activated. Implicit associations and attitudes were in line with the DH—but only for male students.
A Reading Of The Firebugs
Authors: Hill Philip
Published: August 2015

A FACT WHICH SURPRISES MANY READERS of Max Frisch's Biedermann and the Firebugs is that it does, indeed, play well in the theater. Somewhat fragmented and disjointed in the reading, partaking of many of Brecht's Verfremdungseffekt techniques without always sharing his mastery of the dramatic, Frisch's script seems at first glance to be trying to say both too much and too little-to make interesting reading but doubtful theater. The strange problem of the Epilog, added by Frisch a year after the play's initial performance, further complicates our reaction to the play and suggests the playwright's uncertainty as to how the play should end. A careful reading of The Firebugs, however, together with an analysis of its effectiveness in the theater, will lead one to two observations about the play: (1) audiences and readers can and do enjoy it simply as good theater; (2) audiences and readers can and do respond appropriately (i.e., as the playwright might have wished) to the play's thematic content, although many audience members will profess at the same time not to have understood
Marine ice recycling at the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Koch Inka , Fitzsimons Sean , Samyn Denis , Tison Jean-Louis
Published: August 2015

Marine ice accretes at the base of ice shelves, often infilling open structural weaknesses and increasing ice-shelf stability. However, the timing and location of marine ice formation remain poorly understood. This study determines marine ice source water composition and origin by examining marine ice crystal morphology, water isotope and solute chemistry in ice samples collected from the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf (SMIS), Antarctica. The measured co-isotopic record together with the output of a freezing model for frazil crystals indicate a spatio-temporally varying water source of sea water and relatively fresher water, such as melted meteoric or marine ice. This is in agreement with the occurrence of primarily banded and granular ice crystal facies typical for frazil ice crystals that nucleate in a supercooled mixture of water masses. We propose that marine ice exposed at the surface of SMIS, which experiences summer melt, is routed to the ice-shelf base via the tide crack. Here frazil crystals nucleate in a double diffusion mechanism of heat and salt between two water masses at their salinity-dependent freezing point. Recycling of previously formed marine ice facilitates ice-shelf self-sustenance in a warming climate.
Glacier runoff and its impact in a highly glacierized catchment in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: past and future trends
Authors: Zhang Yong , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Liu Qiao , Liu Shiyin
Published: August 2015

We investigate past and future trends in glacier runoff and the associated hydrological impacts on river runoff in the Hailuogou catchment, a highly glacierized catchment with extensive debris cover in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using a catchment-scale glacio-hydrological model. Past trends in various runoff components of the catchment indicate that glacier runoff has been a large component of total runoff, contributing ∼53.4% of total runoff during the period 1952–2013. Future changes in runoff calculated using the outputs of ten global climate models for representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 reveal that glacier runoff plays different roles in the water supply of the catchment for the two RCPs, and the discrepancies between the two RCPs increase in the second half of this century, leading to a considerable difference in the hydrological regime of the catchment. In particular, changes are more remarkable under RCP8.5, under which all glaciers are projected to retreat dramatically and total runoff to decrease slightly by the end of this century. An experimental analysis, in which no debris cover is assumed on glacier ablation zones, indicates that excess meltwater from the debris-covered area provides an 8.1% increase in total runoff relative to the no-debris assumption case.
Modelling the long-term mass balance and firn evolution of glaciers around Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Pelt Ward Van , Kohler Jack
Published: August 2015

We analyse the long-term (1961–2012) distributed surface mass balance and firn evolution of the Kongsvegen and Holtedahlfonna glacier systems in northwestern Svalbard. We couple a surface energy-balance model to a firn model, with forcing provided from regional climate model output. In situ observational data are used to calibrate model parameters and validate the output. The simulated area-averaged surface mass balance for 1961–2012 is slightly positive (0.08 mw.e.a−1), which only fractionally compensates for mass loss by calving. Refreezing of percolating water in spring/summer (0.13 m w.e. a−1) and stored water in fall/winter (0.18 m w.e. a−1) provides a buffer for runoff. Internal accumulation, i.e. refreezing below the previous year’s summer surface in the accumulation zone, peaks up to 0.22 m w.e. a−1, and is unaccounted for by stake observations. Superimposed ice formation in the lower accumulation zone ranges as high as 0.25 m w.e. a−1. A comparison of the periods 1961–99 and 2000–12 reveals 21% higher annual melt rates since 2000 and a 31% increase in runoff, which can only in part be ascribed to recent warmer and drier conditions. In response to firn line retreat, both albedo lowering (snow/ice–albedo feedback) and lower refreezing rates (refreezing feedback) further amplified runoff.
Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City
Authors: Farah Shayela , Karim Mohoshina , Akther Nasreen , Begum Meherunnessa , Begum Nadia
Published: August 2015

Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in kacha houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73
Breast Milk Iodine and Iodine Status of Breast-Fed Infants
Authors: Molla Golam Morshed , Arslan M Iqbal , Milky Mafruha Tazkin
Published: August 2015

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infants health.Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants.Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows.Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 ?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infants urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01).Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mothers milk.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 74-77
Reviewers in this issue Vol.3(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2015

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 102
Purinergic Receptors in Spinal Cord-Derived Ependymal Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Potential Role in Cell-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gómez-Villafuertes Rosa , Rodríguez-Jiménez Francisco Javier , Alastrue-Agudo Ana , Stojkovic Miodrag , Miras-Portugal María Teresa , Moreno-Manzano Victoria
Published: August 2015

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of paralysis with no current therapies. Following SCI, large amounts of ATP and other nucleotides are released by the traumatized tissue leading to the activation of purinergic receptors that, in coordination with growth factors, induce lesion remodeling and repair. We found that adult mammalian ependymal spinal cord-derived stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) are capable of responding to ATP and other nucleotidic compounds, mainly through the activation of the ionotropic P2X4, P2X7, and the metabotropic P2Y1and P2Y4purinergic receptors. A comparative study between epSPCs from healthy rats versus epSPCis, obtained after SCI, shows a downregulation of P2Y1receptor together with an upregulation of P2Y4receptor in epSPCis. Moreover, spinal cord after severe traumatic contusion shows early and persistent increases in the expression of P2X4and P2X7receptors around the injury, which are completely reversed when epSPCis were ectopically transplanted. Since epSPCi transplantation significantly rescues neurological function after SCI in parallel to inhibition of the induced P2 ionotropic receptors, a potential avenue is open for therapeutic alternatives in SCI treatments based on purinergic receptors and the endogenous reparative modulation.
Organizational Power and the Management of a Mega-Event: The Case of Sydney 2000
Authors: Frawley Stephen
Published: August 2015

The organization of a mega-event such as the Olympic Games is a complex task involving a multitude of individuals and stakeholder groups. In 2000, Australia's largest city, Sydney, staged the Summer Olympic Games. The agency given primary responsibility for these Games was the Sydney
Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG). Two additional organizations also played a central role in the management of the event: the Australian Olympic Committee and the New South Wales Government. This article explores the role played by the host national Olympic committee as a
key Olympic stakeholder in the organization of the Olympic Games. The research highlights that organization of a mega-project, such as the Olympic Games, is not only the result of recent developments but also of countless social and organizational figurations that developed over many years
prior to the winning of a bid to stage the event.
The Role of Test Events in Major Sporting Events
Authors: Andersen Svein S. , Hanstad Dag Vidar , Plejdrup-Skillestad Kari
Published: August 2015

Test events are important in the preparation of major sporting events. Nevertheless, there are few studies of how such tests are carried out to combat risks and build capacities to manage the unexpected incidents during implementation. This article explores two questions: (1) What role
did the test event in 2010 play in the preparation and execution of the FIS Nordic World Championships (SWC) in Oslo 2011? (2) To what extent can experiences from this project be viewed as a successful attempt to apply an overall model of mindful organization? The study is based on in-depth
interviews with key leaders in the organizing committee of SWC as well as different documents and media coverage. Data collection and analysis is organized around key concepts from theories of mindful organizations. The study shows that even if project leaders had a conscious and consistent
mindful approach to preparations, the test event demonstrated a number of important shortcomings relating to facilities, support, and the event organization itself. The way such shortcomings were analyzed and acted upon was essential for a successful world championship. An important aspect
of this was the realization that the real challenge was to reorganize and fine tune the organization to combat risks and manage the unexpected.
Women at a Music Festival: Biological Sex Defining Motivation and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Croes Robertico , Lee Seung Hyun
Published: August 2015

This study aims to assess whether biological sex impacts motivation and experience at a music festival in Curacao and is premised on different consumption behavior induced by biological sex. Differences in motivations and behavioral intentions based on biological sex were observed.
The study further revealed that biological sex plays an important role in framing the experience and behavior intentions of the female segment. This finding is relevant as females are becoming an important mainstream at music festivals and travel and leisure consumers. Biological sex as a
predictor of motivation and behavioral intentions has wider effects than just increasing demand; it may deeply shape travel and leisure patterns. Failure to consider this finding could lead to dissatisfaction and missed opportunities in product offerings.
Qualidade de vida de atletas Brasileiros, Canadenses e Norte-Americanos
Authors: Pereira Érico Felden , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Lemos Luiz Fernando Cuozzo , Bleyer Fernanda Tolentino de Souza , Filipin Douglas , Rebelatto Cleber Fernando
Published: August 2015

OBJETIVO: Comparar a qualidade de vida de 19 canoístas e remadores brasileiros, canadenses e norte-americanos nos jogos Pan-americanos de 2007.MÉTODO: Os atletas responderam um questionário contendo perguntas referentes aos dados pessoais e à qualidade de vida por meio Whogol-bref, esse validado em diferentes culturas e nacionalidades. Foram convidados a participar do estudo todos os atletas de canoagem e remo dos três países. 19 atletas fizeram parte da amostra que foi composta por 6 brasileiros, 4 canadenses e 9 norte-americanos dos quais 6 atletas eram de canoagem e 13 de remo.RESULTADO: Na análise da qualidade de vida os brasileiros apresentaram escores superiores aos estrangeiros nos domínios físico (p=0,002); psicológico (p=0,016) e relações sociais (p=0,018). O domínio físico foi o único que apresentou diferenças entre os sexos (p=0,026). Questões relacionadas à autoestima e ao ambiente no lar foram apontadas como as mais positivas pelos brasileiros. Apesar disso, os atletas estrangeiros apresentam percepção mais positiva de segurança física e proteção. Na análise da capacidade explicativa dos domínios para a qualidade de vida geral, o domínio meio ambiente foi o que apresentou maior poder preditivo (24,5%).CONCLUSÃO: Identificou-se que as maiores necessidades dos atletas norte-americanos estão associadas aos domínios físico e relações sociais, dos canadenses ao domínio físico e dos brasileiros ao domínio meio ambiente evidenciando diferenças marcantes entre as diferentes nacionalidades.
Effectiveness of Triamcinolone Hexacetonide Intraarticular Injection in Interphalangeal Joints: A 12-week Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients with Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: Spolidoro Paschoal Natalia de Oliva , Natour Jamil , Machado Flavia S. , de Oliveira Hilda Alcântara Veiga , Furtado Rita Nely Vilar
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of intraarticular injection (IAI) of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of hand interphalangeal (IP) joints.

Methods.

Sixty patients who underwent IAI at the most symptomatic IP joint were randomly assigned to receive TH/lidocaine (LD; n = 30) with TH 20 mg/ml and LD 2%, or just LD (n = 30). The injected joint was immobilized with a splint for 48 h in both groups. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks by a blinded observer. The following variables were assessed: pain at rest [visual analog scale (VAS)r], pain at movement (VASm), swelling (physician VASs), goniometry, grip and pinch strength, hand function, treatment improvement, daily requirement of paracetamol, and local adverse effects. The proposed treatment (IAI with TH/LD) was successful if statistical improvement (p < 0.05) was achieved in at least 2 of 3 VAS. Repeated-measures ANOVA test was used to analyze intervention response.

Results.

Fifty-eight patients (96.67%) were women, and the mean age was 60.7 years (± 8.2). The TH/LD group showed greater improvement than the LD group for VASm (p = 0.014) and physician VASs (p = 0.022) from the first week until the end of the study. In other variables, there was no statistical difference between groups. No significant adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion.

The IAI with TH/LD has been shown to be more effective than the IAI with LD for pain on movement and joint swelling in patients with OA of the IP joints. Regarding pain at rest, there was no difference between groups. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02102620).
Patient Expectations and Perceptions of Goal-setting Strategies for Disease Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Wright Grace C. , Bergman Martin J. , Tambiah Jeyanesh , Taylor Peter C.
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To identify how patients perceive the broad effect of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their daily lives and indicate how RA disease management could benefit from the inclusion of individual goal-setting strategies.

Methods.

Two multinational surveys were completed by patients with RA. The “Good Days Fast” survey was conducted to explore the effect of disease on the daily lives and relationships of women with RA. The “Getting to Your Destination Faster” survey examined RA patients’ treatment expectations and goal-setting practices.

Results.

Respondents from all countries agreed that RA had a substantial negative effect on many aspects of their lives (work productivity, daily routines, participation in social and leisure activities) and emotional well-being (loss of self-confidence, feelings of detachment, isolation). Daily pain was a paramount issue, and being pain- and fatigue-free was considered the main indicator of a “good day.” Setting personal, social, and treatment goals, as well as monitoring disease progress to achieve these, was considered very beneficial by patients with RA, but discussion of treatment goals seldom appeared to be a part of medical appointments.

Conclusion.

Many patients with RA feel unable to communicate their disease burden and treatment goals, which are critically important to them, to their healthcare provider (HCP). Insights gained from these 2 surveys should help to guide patients and HCP to better focus upon mutually defined goals for continued improvement of management and achievement of optimal care in RA.
Harmonizing Pain Outcome Measures: Results of the Pre-OMERACT Meeting on Partnerships for Consensus on Patient-important Pain Outcome Domains Between the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group and OMERACT
Authors: Phillips Kristine , Taylor Ann , Mease Philip J. , Simon Lee S. , Conaghan Philip G. , Choy Ernest H. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Gossec Laure , Kaiser Ulrike , de Wit Marteen , Ostelo Raymond , Maxwell Lara , Tugwell Peter S.
Published: August 2015

Objective.

A variety of authorities in pain measurement and outcome methodology met prior to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 12 meeting in May 2014 to develop partnerships for consensus on pain outcomes.

Methods.

Following overview presentations, discussion centered on pain-specific and global constructs in the domain of chronic pain. Practical issues for clinical trial implementation were also discussed. Breakout sessions were completed regarding additional details of domain constructs. A nominal group process involving all workshop participants confirmed that chronic pain outcome measures encompass a broad range of constructs and that existing scales may be inadequate for assessment in clinical trials.

Results.

Participants endorsed that both pain intensity and pain interference are important constructs to be measured in clinical trials of chronic pain as it pertains to rheumatologic diagnoses.

Conclusion.

Further work is needed on inclusion of the patient perspective in the development of pain domains as well as Cochrane Collaboration summary of findings tables.
Health Literacy Rates in a Population of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Gong Zhaowei , Haig Sara L. , Pope Janet E. , Rohekar Sherry , Rohekar Gina , LeRiche Nicole G.H. , Thompson Andrew E.
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To determine the rate of low health literacy in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population in southwestern Ontario.

Methods.

For the study, 432 patients with RA were contacted, and 311 completed the assessment. The health literacy levels of the participants were estimated using 4 assessment tools administered in the following order: the Single Item Literacy Screener (SILS), the Medical Term Recognition Test (METER), the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), and the Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA).

Results.

The rates of low literacy as estimated by STOFHLA, REALM, METER, and SILS were 14.5%, 14.8%, 14.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. All 4 assessment tools were statistically significantly correlated. STOFHLA, REALM, and METER were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.59–0.79), while SILS only demonstrated moderate correlations with the other assessment tools (r = 0.33–0.45). Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses revealed that low levels of education and a lack of daily reading activity were common predictors of low health literacy. Using a non-English primary language at home was found to be a strong predictor of low health literacy in STOFHLA, REALM, and METER. Male sex was found to be a significant predictor of poor performance in REALM and METER, but not STOFHLA.

Conclusion.

Low health literacy is an important issue in the southwestern Ontario RA population. About 1 in 7 patients with RA may not have the necessary skills to become involved in making decisions regarding their personal health. Rheumatologists should be aware of the low health literacy levels of patients with RA and should consider identifying patients at risk of low health literacy.
Impaired Antiatherogenic Functions of High-density Lipoprotein in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Gkolfinopoulou Christina , Stratikos Efstratios , Theofilatos Dimitris , Kardassis Dimitris , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Drosos Alexandros A. , Chroni Angeliki
Published: August 2015

Objective.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts a series of antiatherogenic properties and protects from CVD. We evaluated whether HDL antiatherogenic properties are impaired in patients with AS.

Methods.

HDL (apoB-depleted serum) was isolated from 35 patients with AS and 35 age- and sex-matched controls. We measured the antioxidant capacity of HDL, the ability of HDL to induce cholesterol efflux, the activity of HDL-associated enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the ability of HDL to induce Akt kinase activation.

Results.

HDL from patients with AS had decreased antioxidant capacity and decreased ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages compared to controls. HDL-associated PON1 activity was lower and HDL-associated MPO activity higher in patients with AS compared to controls. Higher MPO activity correlated positively with lower antioxidant capacity of HDL in patients with AS. In addition, HDL from patients with AS had impaired endothelial Akt kinase activating properties that were inversely correlated with the MPO/PON1 ratio and positively correlated with the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL.

Conclusion.

HDL from patients with AS displays impaired antiatherogenic properties. Attenuation of HDL properties may constitute a link between AS and CVD.
Pronounced Risk of Fractures among Elderly Men Affected by Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Faurschou Mikkel , Baslund Bo , Obel Niels
Published: August 2015

Objective.

It is unknown whether patients affected by granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are at increased risk of fractures, and whether the fracture risk in GPA varies with age and sex. The aim of the present study was to compare the fracture risk among patients with GPA with that among age- and sex-matched population controls.

Methods.

We established a monocentric cohort of patients treated for GPA at a Danish tertiary care center from 1995 to 2010 (n = 159) and a register-derived GPA cohort identified from the Danish National Hospital Register (n = 402). Each patient was matched with 7 population controls. The occurrence of fractures among patients was compared with that among controls by calculation of incidence rate ratios (IRR).

Results.

In the monocentric cohort, an increased fracture risk was observed among men aged ≥ 55 years at the time of first hospitalization for GPA (IRR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6–7.6), but not among men < 55 years (IRR 0.3, 95% CI 0.04–2.1) or women (IRR women ≥ 55 yrs: 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.7 and IRR for women < 55 yrs: 0.7, 95% CI 0.2–2.4). In the register-derived cohort, an increased fracture risk was also observed among men aged ≥ 55 years at study baseline (IRR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5), whereas the incidence rate of fractures was not significantly increased among younger men or women (IRR for men < 55 yrs: 1.0, 95% CI 0.4–2.3; IRR for women ≥ 55 yrs: 0.9, 95% CI 0.5–1.5; IRR for women < 55 yrs: 1.6, 95% CI 0.7–3.6).

Conclusion.

Elderly male patients with GPA have a pronounced risk of developing fractures. This finding is of relevance for the clinical management of patients with GPA.
Results from a Phase IIA Parallel Group Study of JNJ-40346527, an Oral CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis despite Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Hsia Elizabeth , Belkowski Stanley M. , Chien Caly , Masterson Tara , Thurmond Robin L. , Manthey Carl L. , Yan Xiaoyu (David) , Ge Tingting , Franks Carol , Greenspan Andrew
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To assess the efficacy and safety of JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor kinase that acts to inhibit macrophage survival, proliferation, and differentiation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.

Methods.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study, adults were randomized (2:1) to receive oral JNJ-40346527 100 mg or placebo twice daily through Week 12. Patients with RA had disease activity [≥ 6 swollen/≥ 6 tender joints, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 0.8 mg/dl] despite DMARD therapy for ≥ 6 months. The primary endpoint was change from baseline at Week 12 in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with CRP (DAS28-CRP). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses were also performed, and safety was assessed through Week 16.

Results.

Ninety-five patients were treated (63 JNJ-40346527, 32 placebo); 8 patients discontinued treatment (6 JNJ-40346527, 2 placebo) through Week 12. Mean improvements in DAS28-CRP from baseline to Week 12 were 1.15 for the JNJ-40346527 group and 1.42 for the placebo group (p = 0.30); thus, a statistically significant difference was not observed for the primary endpoint. Pharmacokinetic exposure to JNJ-40346527 and its active metabolites was above the projected concentration needed for pharmacologic activity, and effective target engagement and proof of activity were demonstrated by increased levels of CSF-1 and decreased CD16+ monocytes in JNJ-40346527–treated, but not placebo-treated, patients. Thirty-seven (58.7%) JNJ-40346527–treated and 16 (50.0%) placebo-treated patients reported ≥ 1 adverse event (AE); 1 (1.6%) JNJ-40346527–treated and 3 (9.4%) placebo-treated patients reported ≥ 1 serious AE.

Conclusion.

Although adequate exposure and effective peripheral target engagement were evident, JNJ-40346527 efficacy was not observed in patients with DMARD-refractory active RA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01597739. EudraCT Number: 2011-004529-28.
Does Rheumatoid Cachexia Predispose Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis to Osteoporosis and Vertebral Fractures?
Authors: El Maghraoui Abdellah , Sadni Siham , Rezqi Asmaa , Bezza Ahmed , Achemlal Lahsen , Mounach Aziza
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To assess the prevalence and risk factors of rheumatoid cachexia (RC) and evaluate its relationship with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

We enrolled into a cross-sectional study 178 consecutive patients with RA (82.6% women) with a mean age of 54.1 ± 11.5 years (25–82) and who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA. Body composition, lateral VF assessment images, and scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RC was defined by a fat-free mass index below the 10th percentile and a fat mass index above the 25th percentile compared with a reference population. VF were defined using Genant semiquantitative approach.

Results.

RC was observed in 96 patients (53.9%) and osteoporosis in 52 patients (29.2%). Comparison between women with and without RC showed that women with RC had a longer disease duration, higher disease activity variables, higher steroid cumulative dose, and higher proportion of patients with erosive arthritis. Women with RC had lower total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and T score than women without RC, while comparison in men found only body mass index to be significantly lower in men with RC. Regression logistic analysis showed an independent and significant association between RC and age and disease activity in women.

Conclusion.

Our study showed that half of the patients with RA may have RC, a condition that was significantly associated with disease activity and low hip BMD, but not with VF.
Comparison of 2 Dosages of Intraarticular Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis: Results of a 12-week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Popma Jan Willem , Snel Frank W. , Haagsma Cees J. , Brummelhuis-Visser Petra , Oldenhof Hans G.J. , van der Palen Job , van de Laar Mart A.F.J.
Published: August 2015

Objective.

To determine whether a double dose of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide is more effective for knee arthritis than a 40-mg dose.

Methods.

In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 40 mg and 80 mg of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide were compared in patients with knee arthritis. Evaluated variables included a Likert burden scale, visual analog scale pain scale, degree of arthritis activity, presence of swelling, and presence of functional limitation.

Results.

Ninety-seven patients were randomized. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding any outcomes.

Conclusion.

An 80-mg dose of triamcinolone acetonide had no additional benefit compared with 40 mg as treatment for knee arthritis. Trial registration: Nederlands Trial Register; trial registration number: NTR2298.