bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of various bioreactors for methane fermentation of pretreated wheat straw with cattle manure
Authors: Krishania Meena , Vijay Virendra K. , Chandra Ram
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the performance results of configured semi-continuous mesophilic bioreactors for methane fermentation of pretreated wheat straw co-digested with cattle manure. The semi-continuous process was carried out in three different types of bioreactors, i.e. continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), fixed film reactor (FFR), and conventional floating drum reactor (CR), with an organic loading rate of 2.2 kg of volatile solids (VS)/day. The observed results revealed that the configuration of the FFR increased the methane production yield by 41.1%. However, the configuration of the CSTR had only a marginal effect on enhancement of methane production yield (yield increased only by 10.6%) compared to the CR. The VS removal for digesters did not vary much at the same organic loading rate. The study revealed that the pretreated wheat straw with the FFR had yield methane production of 0.342 m
A concordância verbal em ibero-românico
Authors: Conde Xavier Frias
Published: March 2016

Na gramática tradicional, quando se fala em concordância nas línguas românicas ibéricas, faz-se sempre referência à que se dá entre o sujeito e o predicado (Conc S↔P), por norma quanto à pessoa (1ª, 2ª ou 3ª) e quanto ao número (singular e plural), mas pode afetar ao género quando se fala em construções passivas. Em determinadas línguas românicas (francês, italiano, sardo, catalão etc.) existe, aliás, uma dupla concordância de sujeito e objeto com o verbo (Conc S↔P↔O), como em catalão les pomes, pro les he comprades les pomes, onde esta segunda concordância é de género e número. Porém, existe uma terceira concordância, que é a de objeto e predicado (Conc P↔O), que partilha traços com a primeira, pois também afeta a pessoa e o número. É desta terceira que trataremos a seguir, pois só se produz em contextos muito concretos, os da voz média (impessoal e ergativa), que tem caraterísticas exclusivas em ibero-românico (portugalego, espanhol e catalão), com uma estrutura sintática complexa, que requer do sintagma diatético (SDiat) para explicar a sua natureza, bem como dos sintagmas de concordância de sujeito (SConcS) e de objeto (SConcO).
Quão cortês é você? O pronome de tratamento você em Português Europeu
Authors: Guilherme Ana Rita Bruno , Bermejo Víctor Lara
Published: March 2016

O pronome você na variedade europeia do português tem um comportamento discursivo muito complexo. Este facto faz com que os diferentes autores que se dedicaram a analisar os usos deste pronome não concordem com o seu valor real e atual. Embora o Português Brasileiro tenha especializado você como pronome familiar, substituindo em ocasiões tu, o caso europeu apresenta contextos de uso de você aparentemente contraditórios: tratamento informal, tratamento formal e, até um determinado ponto, tratamento pejorativo. Este trabalho pretende refletir sobre o uso de você em Português Europeu, sobre uma perspetiva diacrónica e à luz da pragmática da cortesia. Para tal, extraímos dados de três diversos corpora que revelam o uso real de você ao longo do século XX, já que é a partir do XIX que você se especializa, em princípio, para a informalidade. Os resultados mostram um uso pouco expressivo deste pronome de tratamento e uma certa polivalência do mesmo, como efeito da paulatina marginalização que tem experimentado desde há mais de cem anos.
Avaliação das percepções e expectativas de Bacharelandos em Biologia: perfil e regulamentação profissional
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Bandeira , Silva Louriane Oliveira , Souza Juliana Maria Henriques Estevão , Gomes Juliana Pessoa , Lucena Luciano Rodolfo Ferreira , Amaral Wellington Silva , Vasconcelos Simão Dias
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">A avaliação da qualidade do ensino superior exige muito mais do que um teste dos conhecimentos “técnicos” socializados durante a graduação. É fundamental que o graduado saiba exatamente onde atuar, como seu perfil profissional se encontra regulamentado e o que lhe é permitido ou não desempenhar. Neste contexto, realizamos uma pesquisa com bacharelandos em Ciências Biológicas de três instituições de ensino superior de Recife, para avaliar suas percepções em relação ao mercado de trabalho, área de atuação e regulamentação da profissão. Observamos que a grande maioria desconhece seu perfil de atuação, e confunde as competências dos biólogos com as de outros profissionais. Há um bom conhecimento sobre o órgão regulamentador, mas a imensa maioria desconhece o piso salarial mínimo da categoria. Questionados sobre a motivação para a escolha do curso, a resposta mais freqüente foi “desenvolver pesquisa”, e a carreira de pesquisador é a principal meta dos graduandos entrevistados. Sugere-se a inserção de temas relacionados à regulamentação da profissão do biólogo, com ênfase em legislação e ética, em disciplinas específicas ou atividades complementares ao longo do curso, para aperfeiçoar a formação acadêmica percebida.
Opiniões de Professores sobre um Curso de Formação Profissional Presencial com Emprego de Multimídias: lições aprendidas por meio da avaliação externa
Authors: Davis Claudia , Esposito Yara , Nunes Marina Muniz Rossa , Nunes Cesar Augusto do Amaral
Published: March 2016

<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a avaliação feita por professores do ensino fundamental (com habilitação em nível médio) acerca de um curso de formação superior, em nível de licenciatura, até então inédito no país. O Programa de Educação Continuada/Formação Universitária (PEC/FU) foi desenvolvido de modo presencial, utilizando diferentes mídias interativas: videoconferências, teleconferências, trabalho monitorado, vivências educadoras e oficinas culturais. Para avaliar a opinião dos alunos sobre o curso, uma série de estudos foi realizada. Descrevem-se, aqui, apenas os resultados obtidos por meio de dois opinionários, compostos de questões fechadas, sobre a relação que os alunos-professores estabeleceram entre sua participação no Programa, a ocorrência de melhorias substanciais em sua formação profissional e mudanças em suas práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula. Esse instrumento, respondido <em style="color: #000000; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: verdana, arial; font-size: 13px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">on-line<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">, foi aplicado duas vezes: no início e ao final do Programa. Os dados receberam vários processamentos estatísticos para que se pudesse obter uma síntese das informações, identificando eventuais diferenças de opiniões em relação aos aspectos investigados por local de estudo e por universidade. Os resultados mostraram que os principais benefícios advindos do Programa foram, de acordo com os professores, a oportunidade de reflexão a respeito da profissão docente, a fundamentação teórica adquirida e a maior compreensão do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Críticas foram também tecidas, em especial no que concerne ao tempo disponível que os discentes que acumulavam dupla jornada de trabalho tinham para leituras e estudos; ao insuficiente preparo do tutor para orientá-los; e à complexidade dos textos escritos, que dificultava a compreensão dos temas abordados. Aprimorar esses aspectos parece ser necessário para que os objetivos traçados possam ser alcançados, atendendo-se, sobretudo, às expectativas criadas.
ANÁLISE DE MODELOS DE BALANCED SCORECARD ELABORADOS A PARTIR DA ÓTICA DA SUSTENTABILIDADE ATRAVÉS DO USO DA MATRIZ SWOT
Authors: De Oliveira Pereira da Silva Maria Daniella , Cunha Callado Antônio André
Published: March 2016

Este artigo teve o objetivo de analisarmodelos de Balanced Scorecard elaborados a partir da ótica dasustentabilidade através do uso da Matriz SWOT. Para a operacionalização destapesquisa foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para identificar modelos de BalancedScorecard específicos voltados para aspectos relacionados àsustentabilidade empresarial. Foram encontrados vinte e um artigos científicosque faziam a apresentação de modelos de Balanced Scorecard voltados paraa questão ambiental, dos quais apenas três artigos se enquadraram no critériode elegibilidade estabelecido. Posteriormente, foi operacionalizada a análise SWOTreferente à adaptabilidade dos modelos encontrados para empresasagroindustriais. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível visualizar asdiferenças existentes entre os três modelos encontrados.
A objeção de consciência ao serviço militar como forma de desobediência civil frente às obrigações e políticas militaristas: o caso do Movimento de Objeção de Consciência na Espanha.
Authors: Renner José Alcides
Published: March 2016

Este artigo trata do Movimento de Objeção de Consciência (MOC) ao serviço militar na Espanha. Descreve e analisa a sua origem, o contexto histórico em que surgiu, a ideologia dos seus integrantes, os objetivos e as ações levadas a cabo. Apresenta os aspectos mais relevantes da legislação de objeção de consciência ao serviço militar e as críticas que foram feitas a ela. Procura-se mostrar como e porque todo este conjunto de elementos transformaram o referido movimento de objeção de consciência num paradigmático caso de desobediência civil, apontando-se as principais características e distinções entre as figuras, a objeção de consciência e a desobediência civil. Vislumbra-se, por fim, que a solução para casos como o do movimento descrito e analisado, como nos casos de desobediência civil em geral, requer um aprofundamento dos mecanismos democráticos de elaboração das normas e políticas públicas.
A constitucionalidade da hermenêutica concretizadora em sede de mandado de injunção
Authors: Sá Rafael Matutino , De Almeida Silva Tagore Trajano
Published: March 2016

O mandado de injunção, como meio assegurador do exercício de direitos e garantias fundamentais pendentes de regulamentação, tem sido alvo de muita discussão quanto os efeitos de sua decisão. Parte da doutrina considera uma afronta ao princípio da separação dos poderes quando o Judiciário viabiliza o exercício de tais direitos. Todavia, não há ofensa ao princípio quando é a própria Constituição Federal que exige a aplicabilidade imediata dos direitos e garantias constitucionais. Para isso, faz-se necessário a adoção de um método moderno de hermenêutica que concretize as normas constitucionais de eficácia limitada, sob pena da Constituição se tornar uma falácia.
A missão da interpretação no processo de aplicação da lei. Contraposição entre as lições de Hans Kelsen e Karl Larenz
Authors: Santana Patrícia Da Costa
Published: March 2016

O pensamento de dois teóricos será contraposto, com o propósito de fixar e explorar o poder criador da interpretação do direito. Uma particularidade da hermenêutica kelseniana é que existe uma pluralidade de significações em cada norma jurídica, rejeitando-se a possibilidade de encontro de apenas um sentido. Para Larenz, seria um erro aceitar-se que os textos jurídicos só carecem de interpretação quando obscuros; todos carecem de interpretação e da fantasia criadora do intérprete. A interpretação da lei e o desenvolvimento judicial do Direito não devem ver-se como diferentes, mas como distintos graus do mesmo processo de pensamento.
A criminalização da pixação como cultura popular na metrópole brasileira na virada para o século XXI / The criminalization of pixação as popular culture in the brazilian metropolis at the dawn of the 21st century
Authors: Larruscahim Paula Gil , Schweizer Paul
Published: March 2016

No presente artigo discutimos o pixo como uma das tantas manifestações da cultura popular brasileira no contexto especifico urbano do séculos XX e XXI. Assim, é importante referir que somos nós quem atribuímos ao pixo tal significado, pois este  pode ser (e é) percebido e chamado de muitas outras maneiras. O fato de usarmos essa denominação como categoria analítica para apontarmos certos aspectos de nosso problema de pesquisa, não significa dizer que somos porta-vozes de todos os praticantes da pixação. Exatamente o contrário: a presente análise é apenas uma das tantas possíveis abordagens desse fenômeno.
Atrakcyjność wizualna krajobrazu doliny Mrogi i jej sąsiedztwa w gminie Dmosin
Authors: Mirowska Natalia , Krysiak Stanisław
Published: March 2016

Głównym celem artykułu była ocena atrakcyjności wizualnej krajobrazu fragmentu doliny Mrogi wraz z jej najbliższym sąsiedztwem w granicach administracyjnych gminy Dmosin. Oceny tej dokonano przy zastosowaniu metody fotograficznej Cymermana i Hopfera (1988), zmodyfikowanej przez Hajnrych (2006). Metoda polegała na ocenie 426 fotografii wykonanych z 72 stanowisk dokumentacyjnych, zlokalizowanych wzdłuż doliny rzeki Mrogi. Na podstawie wyników oceny wydzielono pięć klas atrakcyjności wizualnej krajobrazu. Największy udział mają tereny o niewielkiej i przeciętnej atrakcyjności wizualnej, a obszarów o dużej i bardzo dużej atrakcyjności jest niewiele. Do artykułu dołączono opracowaną na podstawie badań mapę atrakcyjności wizualnej krajobrazu.
W sprawie genezy i wieku form rzeźby glacjalnej pogranicza Wysoczyzn Kaliskiej i Tureckiej
Authors: Rdzany Zbigniew , Frydrych Małgorzata , Szmidt Aleksander , Tarnawska Katarzyna
Published: March 2016

W latach 2012–2015 autorzy zebrali nowe dane geomorfologiczne i geologiczne na pograniczu Wysoczyzn Kaliskiej i Tureckiej, które pozwalają na uzupełnienie wiedzy na temat genezy i wieku form rzeźby. Ustalono, że większość glacigenicznych form wypukłych, tworzących tzw. strefę kaliską, powstała w brzeżnym pasie lądolodu zlodowacenia warty o kilkukilometrowej szerokości. Prawdopodobnie był to rezultat krótkotrwałego uaktywnienia lądolodu i szybkiej deglacjacji w pomaksymalnym epizodzie zlodowacenia warty, który nazwano w tym regionie subfazą bzury. Autorzy odrzucają jednocześnie możliwość transgresji na ten obszar lądolodu fazy leszczyńskiej zlodowacenia wisły. Stwierdzono, że na przebieg procesów glacjalnych miały wpływ cechy morfologiczne, litologiczne i dynamika podłoża, w tym nawet wstrząsy sejsmiczne. Strukturę analizowanych form tworzą głównie osady stożków napływowych i glacifluwialnych rzek roztokowych. Część osadów objęta jest deformacjami o różnym zasięgu – w największym stopniu zaburzeniami tektoniki glacjalnej sensu lato. W strefie przypowierzchniowej występują także zaburzenia paraglacjalne i peryglacjalne o lokalnym zasięgu. Struktura większości form wypukłych jest charakterystyczna dla kemów glacifluwialnych diapirowych. Formy największe mają zwykle budowę złożoną zarówno pod względem litofacjalnym, jak i wiekowym, a jednoznaczne przyporządkowanie im wąskiej kategorii genetycznej (np. kem diapirowy, morena spiętrzenia, morena martwego lodu) może być nadmiernym uproszczeniem.
Measuring Reference Price Formation: Analysis In A Virtual Experimental Context
Authors: Mondéjar-Jiménez Juan-Antonio , Carricano Manu , Mondéjar-Jiménez José
Published: March 2016

As many surveys stated, companies are investing in better pricing processes, tools and capabilities. Among these companies, 42% consider that capturing the full value of products and services is one of the top challenges related to price setting and optimization. In addition, many improvements have been made recently in the way companies set an optimal price level and adapt their pricing processes. However, pricing decision-makers have to face a paradox: price setting is a left-brained (rational) process, whereas price perceptions and evaluations are right-brained (subjective). Tools available to solve this paradox are limited. Direct measures (price tresholds,...), Van Vestendorp’s PSM approach, conjoint measurement can be useful in assessing price evaluations but fail in measuring how consumers compare, evaluate and memorize price offers. Reference price, viewed as a standard against which the purchase price of a product is judged (Monroe, 1973), is one of the most studied constructs in research on strategic pricing decisions. As Kalyanaram and Winer (1995) stated, “reference price is a psychological construct which, when incorporated into normative models, can change the way marketing managers make decisions about price and promotions”. One stream of research has identified antecedents of reference price and has assessed their effects through experimentation, others have reported effects of reference price models on brand choice and other purchase decisions (Mazumdar et al. 2005). Many studies have examined and called for greater integration of different measures of reference price, noting that the research area is highly context specific (Lowe and Alpert, 2007). The purpose of this research is to operationalize a tool to measure and control contextual influences on reference price formation using a simulated experiment. The decision environment is generated and controlled in a lab setting using a software that simulates a purchase decision context and records the behaviours induced by that process. Contextual and temporal influences can be measured monitoring the total amount of information consulted for competing products (attributes and prices), as well as the time spent on information search. More specifically, this research evaluates the impact of search effort on the perceived reference price in the market at different points in time in the decision process.
Using Van Valens Procedure In Business Research To Assess Consistent Differences In Multidimensional Variability In Two Or More Groups
Authors: Berenson Mark L. , Hollister Kimberly Killmer
Published: March 2016

Much business research involves comparisons in two or more groups on many dimensions.  This paper primarily focuses on demonstrating and providing guidance as to how researchers should approach a multivariate analysis in the comparison of sets of corresponding characteristics in two or more independent groups.  In particular, this paper demonstrates the utility of a simple but not widely known procedure developed by Van Valen (1978) that should be employed to test for the significance of differences in overall variability in the sets of corresponding characteristics in two or more groups, a test that enjoys much statistical power in detecting significant subtle group differences when the set of characteristics in one group consistently demonstrates greater variability than the corresponding set of characteristics in the other group(s).
Entropic And Cold Jigsaws In A Schumpeterian Economy
Authors: Villacís González José
Published: March 2016

A jigsaw puzzle is an amusement which consists in completing a given form or figure, which for the sake of argument we may call a landscape, by adding pieces smaller than the unity of the universe in such a way that their addition constitutes a particular combination.  At this point we should separate pieces from this definition. First, we have the universe, a single body composed of parts or pieces in which no part is missing and none is superfluous. Secondly, the manner in which we position the pieces implies a specific mathematical combination, which may range from total individuality to total combination.  Absolute simplicity means pieces having the same form and variables, for example colour and shape, such that placing any of them anywhere would in itself define the landscape. Absolute combination is a universe or landscape made up of different pieces formed in such a way that each has only one place; it is thus a combination of a total combination defined by all possible combinations.
Using General System Approach For Product Lifecycle Management Software Selection And Evaluation
Authors: Chuang Keh-Wen “Carin” , Chen Kuan C.
Published: March 2016

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. One of the toughest aspects of PLM implementations is choosing the appropriate software. In order to choose the right software that meets the business requirements, it is necessary to have a systematic view to serve as an evaluation guideline for advice from an independent third-party and that can guide decision makers through a structured process and understands the entire PLM market. This is an important aspect of the PLM assessment and planning process. This study built a systems model to fulfill the PLM software selection and evaluation needs.
Forensic Resources For Network Professionals
Authors: Specker Stephen J. , Janson Kenneth R.
Published: March 2016

Network professionals face an environment characterized by constantly increasing technological complexity and the daunting challenges posed by ill-intentioned intruders.  Securing the systems that they are entrusted to manage is a task of primary importance.  Effective network security includes protocols to detect, to investigate, and to preclude the recurrence of any breach in the installed security systems.         This study investigates principal forensic techniques that are available to the network professional and provides an efficient access path to practical solutions to the post-breach segment of security system design.
A DEA Analysis Using Quality And Advertising As Determinants Of Strategic Group Membership In The Automobile Industry
Authors: Jackson Eric C.
Published: March 2016

This manuscript considers sales within an automotive strategic group.  Sales within the “Family Car” segment are examined. The efficient uses of inputs relative to the sales generated as determined by Data Envelopment Analysis are compared. The relative efficiencies are used to identify strategic groups within the market segment and to suggest how resources may be utilized more efficiently.  Data Envelopment Analysis, (DEA), is used to compare three inputs and one output for several automobile manufacturers competing for sales in the same market segment.  The three inputs used are two aggregate measures of quality and one measure of the dollar volume spent on advertising by the firms. The output measure used is the volume of sales each year over a five-year period. A Kruskal and Wallis rank test is performed to confirm that the data is comparable over the five year time period. Specifically, comparisons are made to establish that no significant changes in quality or advertising expenditures have occurred during the study period. Once it has been established that no significant changes occurred during the study period for the input and output measures for the individual automotive models. Next, firms are compared using the DEA efficiencies and are grouped according to these efficiencies.  The efficiency measurements indicate that there are two distinct clusters of companies formed within the market segment.  The most efficient cluster is composed of five firms. The least efficient cluster is composed of five firms. An intermediate cluster of two firms exists that is neither extremely efficient nor extremely inefficient in it’s utilization of resources but may be more closely aligned with the efficient firms than with the inefficient group. This stratification into groups within the market segment by efficiency suggests that practitioners might be able to adjust their utilization of resources to compete in a different strategic group. It also suggests that success within a strategic group may be impacted by how firms utilize strategic levers within their control.
From Phishing To Advanced Persistent Threats: The Application Of Cybercrime Risk To The Enterprise Risk Management Model
Authors: Moore John W.
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the issues of cybercrime in the context of risk to organizations.  In particular, it considers the control frameworks most commonly used by U.S. public companies to benchmark their internal controls over financial reporting.  It discusses the market for stolen identities, looking at the sources from which many of those identities are stolen.  It reviews the available internal control frameworks and explains how a firm’s risk of cybercrime might be classified as a material weakness under Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404.  It models how the use of COSO’s Enterprise Risk Management model could improve an organization’s chances of avoiding a serious incident.
Special Education: Clinical Application of Chinese Version Sensory Profile
Authors: Tang Hong , Tsui Man C.M. , Cheung Brian H.C. , Zhang Guofu
Published: March 2016

Chinese Version Sensory Profile (Cheung &Siu, 2009) is a validated tool for healthcare professionals to analyse the impact on how sensory impairment may affect children in carrying out daily activities.

In this study, a total of 15 caregivers were recruited from a special school for mental handicap in Hong Kong to complete a survey in respect of the children’s condition (11 males and 4 females aged 6 to 15 years old).

Results showed that the proportion falling on imbalance and dysfunction category was highest in visual processing (66.6%) and lowest in emotional/social responses (26.6%). In order for children with sensory impairments to engage in daily life and learning through the process, a series of activities are recommended to parents and teachers.
Expanded Distribution of Pain as a Sign of Central Sensitization in Individuals With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lluch Girbés Enrique , Dueñas Lirios , Barbero Marco , Falla Deborah , Baert Isabel A.C. , Meeus Mira , Sánchez-Frutos José , Aguilella Luis , Nijs Jo
Published: March 2016

Background

Expanded distribution of pain is considered a sign of central sensitization (CS). The relationship between recording of symptoms and CS in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been poorly investigated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine whether the area of pain assessed using pain drawings relates to CS and clinical symptoms in people with knee OA.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods

Fifty-three people with knee OA scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty were studied. All participants completed pain drawings using a novel digital device, completed self-administration questionnaires, and were assessed by quantitative sensory testing. Pain frequency maps were generated separately for women and men. Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to reveal possible correlations between the area of pain and quantitative sensory testing and clinical symptoms.

Results

Pain frequency maps revealed enlarged areas of pain, especially in women. Enlarged areas of pain were associated with higher knee pain severity (rs=.325, P<.05) and stiffness (rs=.341, P<.05), lower pressure pain thresholds at the knee (rs=−.306, P<.05) and epicondyle (rs=−.308, P<.05), and higher scores with the Central Sensitization Inventory (rs=.456, P<.01). No significant associations were observed between the area of pain and the remaining clinical symptoms and measures of CS.

Limitations

Firm conclusions about the predictive role of pain drawings cannot be drawn. Further evaluation of the reliability and validity of pain area extracted from pain drawings in people with knee OA is needed.

Conclusion

Expanded distribution of pain was correlated with some measures of CS in individuals with knee OA. Pain drawings may constitute an easy way for the early identification of CS in people with knee OA, but further research is needed.
Home range and habitat selection of the female eastern wild turkey at its northern range edge
Authors: Niedzielski Britney , Bowman Jeff
Published: March 2016

In recent decades, the range of the eastern wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo silvestris has expanded north of its historical distribution in North America. The major limiting factors for wild turkeys beyond their historical range are not well understood, and little is known about turkey resource use at their new range periphery. We evaluated the home range size of female turkeys at their northern range edge in Ontario, Canada, and we took a hierarchical approach to assess habitat selection. To accomplish this, we analyzed data from 36 females fitted with VHF and GPS transmitters. Season had a significant effect on home range size, with the greatest home range sizes found in the spring and autumn, and the smallest in the winter and summer. There was also an effect of flock membership on winter home range size. We found evidence of habitat selection by turkeys at both the second order, placement of home ranges within the landscape, and the third order, use of habitat within home ranges. In both cases, female turkeys primarily selected deciduous forest and fields and avoided coniferous forest. Areas close to supplemental food sources were also selected during the autumn and winter. As populations expand into novel landscapes, continued efforts to understand resource limitation and habitat selection strategies of northern turkeys will guide effective management of these game birds.
Utility of 3D SPACE T2-weighted volumetric sequence in the localization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Kannath Santhosh Kumar , Alampath Praveen , Enakshy Rajan Jayadevan , Thomas Bejoy , Sankara Sarma P. , Tirur Raman Kapilamoorthy
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of a heavily T2-weighted volumetric MRI sequence (3D sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions [SPACE]) in the feeder localization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF).

METHODS

Patients who were diagnosed with SDAVF and who had 3D SPACE source images available for review were identified from a retrospective review of medical records. A total of 16 patients were identified, and MR images were analyzed separately by 2 blinded observers. The accuracy of the observation and interobserver agreement were measured by Kendall's tau and kappa statistics.

RESULTS

The site of fistula was accurately predicted by Observers 1 and 2 in 81% and 88% of cases, respectively, which improved to 94% when the level was considered within 1 vertebral level. The observer agreement with gold-standard angiography and interobserver agreement were found to be highly significant (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The 3D SPACE MRI sequence is valuable in the precise detection of the site of SDAVF. It may help to tailor digital subtraction angiography and thereby reduce the radiation exposure, contrast load, and study time.
Spatial Variation in Tree Density and Estimated Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Southern Africa
Authors: Tamene Lulseged , Mponela Powell , Sileshi Gudeta , Chen Jiehua , Tondoh Jérôme
Published: March 2016

Variability in woody plant species, vegetation assemblages and anthropogenic activities derails the efforts to have common approaches for estimating biomass and carbon stocks in Africa. In order to suggest management options, it is important to understand the vegetation dynamics and the major drivers governing the observed conditions. This study uses data from 29 sentinel landscapes (4640 plots) across the southern Africa. We used T-Square distance method to sample trees. Allometric models were used to estimate aboveground tree biomass from which aboveground biomass carbon stock (AGBCS) was derived for each site. Results show average tree density of 502 trees·ha−1 with semi-arid areas having the highest (682 trees·ha−1) and arid regions the lowest (393 trees·ha−1). The overall AGBCS was 56.4 Mg·ha−1. However, significant site to site variability existed across the region. Over 60 fold differences were noted between the lowest AGBCS (2.2 Mg·ha−1) in the Musungwa plains of Zambia and the highest (138.1 Mg·ha−1) in the scrublands of Kenilworth in Zimbabwe. Semi-arid and humid sites had higher carbon stocks than sites in sub-humid and arid regions. Anthropogenic activities also influenced the observed carbon stocks. Repeated measurements would reveal future trends in tree cover and carbon stocks across different systems.
The RADAR Project—A Service for Research Data Archival and Publication
Authors: Kraft Angelina , Razum Matthias , Potthoff Jan , Porzel Andrea , Engel Thomas , Lange Frank , Van den Broek Karina , Furtado Filipe
Published: March 2016

The aim of the RADAR (Research Data Repository) project is to set up and establish an infrastructure that facilitates research data management: the infrastructure will allow researchers to store, manage, annotate, cite, curate, search and find scientific data in a digital platform available at any time that can be used by multiple (specialized) disciplines. While appropriate and innovative preservation strategies and systems are in place for the big data communities (e.g., environmental sciences, space, and climate), the stewardship for many other disciplines, often called the “long tail research domains”, is uncertain. Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the RADAR collaboration project develops a service oriented infrastructure for the preservation, publication and traceability of (independent) research data. The key aspect of RADAR is the implementation of a two-stage business model for data preservation and publication: clients may preserve research results for up to 15 years and assign well-graded access rights, or to publish data with a DOI assignment for an unlimited period of time. Potential clients include libraries, research institutions, publishers and open platforms that desire an adaptable digital infrastructure to archive and publish data according to their institutional requirements and workflows.
Up-Regulation of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase Underpins Persistent Cardiac Nutritional-Preconditioning by Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Rat
Authors: Abdukeyum Grace , Owen Alice , Larkin Theresa , McLennan Peter
Published: March 2016

Reactive oxygen species paradoxically underpin both ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage and ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) cardioprotection. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) are highly susceptible to peroxidation, but are paradoxically cardioprotective. This study tested the hypothesis that LCn-3 PUFA cardioprotection is underpinned by peroxidation, upregulating antioxidant activity to reduce I/R-induced lipid oxidation, and the mechanisms of this nutritional preconditioning contrast to mechanisms of IPC. Rats were fed: fish oil (LCn-3 PUFA); sunflower seed oil (n-6 PUFA); or beef tallow (saturated fat, SF) enriched diets for six weeks. Isolated hearts were subject to: 180 min normoxic perfusion; a 30 min coronary occlusion ischaemia protocol then 120 min normoxic reperfusion; or a 3 × 5 min global IPC protocol, 30 min ischaemia, then reperfusion. Dietary LCn-3 PUFA raised basal: membrane docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3 DHA); fatty acid peroxidisability index; concentrations of lipid oxidation products; and superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity (but not CuZnSOD or glutathione peroxidase). Infarct size correlated inversely with basal MnSOD activity (r2 = 0.85) in the ischaemia protocol and positively with I/R-induced lipid oxidation (lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), r2 = 0.475; malondialdehyde (MDA), r2 = 0.583) across ischaemia and IPC protocols. While both dietary fish oil and IPC infarct-reduction were associated with reduced I/R-induced lipid oxidation, fish oil produced nutritional preconditioning by prior LCn-3 PUFA incorporation and increased peroxidisability leading to up-regulated mitochondrial SOD antioxidant activity.
Characterisation of an Advanced Nickel Based Superalloy Post Cold Work by Swaging
Authors: Bache Martin , O’Hanlon James , Withers Philip , Child Daniel , Hardy Mark
Published: March 2016

Cylindrical bars of the advanced nickel based superalloy RR1000 were subjected to swaging to induce approximately 30% cold work. Grain size analysis demonstrated a distinct modification to the microstructure whilst electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements confirmed the evolution of a relatively strong <111> texture parallel with the longitudinal bar axis. Intragranular strain damage was identified. The effects of the swaging on bulk mechanical properties are illustrated across a range of test temperatures.
Efficient Banknote Recognition Based on Selection of Discriminative Regions with One-Dimensional Visible-Light Line Sensor
Authors: Pham Tuyen , Park Young , Kwon Seung , Park Kang , Jeong Dae , Yoon Sungsoo
Published: March 2016

Banknote papers are automatically recognized and classified in various machines, such as vending machines, automatic teller machines (ATM), and banknote-counting machines. Previous studies on automatic classification of banknotes have been based on the optical characteristics of banknote papers. On each banknote image, there are regions more distinguishable than others in terms of banknote types, sides, and directions. However, there has been little previous research on banknote recognition that has addressed the selection of distinguishable areas. To overcome this problem, we propose a method for recognizing banknotes by selecting more discriminative regions based on similarity mapping, using images captured by a one-dimensional visible light line sensor. Experimental results with various types of banknote databases show that our proposed method outperforms previous methods.
A Biomechanical Analysis of Anchor Placement for Bankart Repair: Effect of Portal Placement
Authors: Jazini Ehsan , Shiu Brian , Robertson Astor , Russell Joseph P. , Iacangelo Abigail , Henn III R. Frank , Hasan S. Ashfaq
Published: March 2016

During arthroscopic Bankart repair, penetration of suture anchors through the far cortex can compromise the initial biomechanical characteristics of anchor stability and repair integrity. This study compared the placement of suture anchors through a low anterior-inferior rotator interval portal (AI) vs a trans-subscapularis portal to evaluate the rate of anchor perforation as well as biomechanical strength. Ten matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders were randomized to an AI or a trans-subscapularis portal for placement of suture anchors at the 3 o'clock and 5:30 positions. The following measurements were obtained: (1) distance from the portal to the cephalic vein; (2) presence and length of anchor penetration through the inferior glenoid; and (3) ultimate failure strength of the anchors. The distance from the portal to the cephalic vein was significantly greater with the AI vs the trans-subscapularis portal across all specimens (29.9 vs 11.2 mm,
P
<.05). The rate of anchor penetration was significantly increased in the AI group vs the trans-subscapularis group at the 5:30 position (60% vs 10%,
P
=.014) but not at the 3 o'clock position (
P
=.33). Mean pullout strength of the anchors at the 5:30 position trended higher in the trans-subscapularis group, but the difference was not significant (132.8 vs 112.6 N,
P
=.18). The cephalic vein is closer to the trans-subscapularis portal than to the AI, but is at a safe distance. Both the rate and the degree of glenoid suture anchor penetration were lower with the trans-subscapularis portal compared with the AI at the 5:30 position. Placing anchors through the trans-subscapularis portal provides a safe alternative method, with improved positioning of the inferiormost anchor compared with the traditional AI. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e323–e327.]
Safety, Efficacy, and Cost-effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Lin Zilan X. , Woolf Shane K.
Published: March 2016

Perioperative bleeding and postsurgical hemorrhage are common in invasive surgical procedures, including orthopedic surgery. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a pharmacologic agent that acts through an antifibrinolytic mechanism to stabilize formed clots and reduce active bleeding. It has been used successfully in orthopedics to reduce perioperative blood loss, particularly in total hip and knee arthroplasty and spine surgery. Numerous research studies have reported favorable safety and efficacy in orthopedic cases, although there is no universal standard on its administration and its use has not yet become the standard of practice. Reported administration methods often depend on the surgeon's preference, with both topical and intravenous routes showing efficacy. The type and anatomic site of the surgery seem to influence the decision making but also result in conflicting opinions. Reported complication rates with TXA use are low. The incidence of both arterial and venous thromboembolic events, particularly deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has not been found to be significantly different with TXA use for healthy patients. The route of administration and dosage do not appear to affect complication rates either. However, data on patients with higher-risk conditions are deficient. In addition, TXA has shown potential to reduce blood loss, transfusion rates and volumes, perioperative hemoglobin change, and hospital-related costs at various degrees among the published studies. Conservation of blood products, reduced laboratory costs, and shorter hospital stays are likely the major factors driving the cost savings associated with TXA use. This article reviews current data supporting the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of TXA in orthopedic surgery. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):119–130.]
Performance Improvement of Data Analysis of IoT Applications Using Re-Storm in Big Data Stream Computing Platform
Authors: Rizwan Patan , Babu M. Rajasekhara
Published: March 2016

Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) are Two Popular Technical Terms in Current IT Industry. the Analysis of Iot Data Consumes more Energy since it is Huge in Size. this Paper Proposes a Methodology re-Storm that Addresses Energy Issues and Response Time of Iot Applications Data. it Uses Big Data Stream Computing for re-Storm against Existing Method Storm. the Storm Failed to Address Dynamic Scheduling but re-Storm Deals with Energy-Efficient Traffic Aware Resource Scheduling. this Paper Presents a Model that Different Traffic Arriving Rate of Streams re-Storm at Multiple Traffic Levels for High Energy Efficiency, Low Response Time. it Deals at Three Levels, Firstly, a Mathematical Model for High Energy Efficiency, Low Response Time. Secondly, Allocation of Resources Bearing in Mind DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) Methods and Existing Effective Optimal Consolidation Methods. Thirdly, Online Task Allocation Using Hot Swapping Technique, Streaming Graph Optimizing. Finally, the Experimental Results Show that re-Storm has been Improved the Performance 30-40% against Storm for Real Time Data of Iot Applications.
Feasibility assessment of household based small arsenic removal technologies for achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Hossain Md Sahadat , Akhter Fahima , Emery David Jr Victor
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Access to pure drinking water is always occupying as the centric position for long-term sustainable development for all. Although Bangladesh has improved its overall status in drinking water sector compared to 1990 scenario. In 2015, its total safe water sources reached to 87 % i.e., still 13% far from full goal achievement. Besides, it has been estimated that 22 of total 164 million population are exposed to > 50 to < 200 μg/L and 5.6 million are to > 200 μg/L respectively. Therefore, achieving sustainable drinking water goals are still challenged for Bangladesh. This study is aimed to assess the hindrance for achieving the entire sustainable development goals (SDGs) and evaluating the role of existing household based Small Arsenic Removal (SAR) technologies in drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh. The literature based evaluation is revealed that SAR technologies have been playing an important role for achieving the SDGs in drinking sectors in Bangladesh. Conversely, the lack of guild lines on their produced sludge laden and consequently improper dumping are adversely affecting the socio-economic and environmental ecosystems. In this vein, there is a framework has been developed based on the relevant studies for achieving the long-term SDGs in the drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh.
Dilations and the Equation of a Line
Authors: Yopp David A.
Published: March 2016

Track students' understanding of proportional reasoning by combining transformational geometry, similar-triangle reasoning, and linear relationships.
Take me out to the ballgame
Authors: Shevlin Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

The opening of the 2016 baseball season already has many people looking ahead to summer. For some people, summer means beach trips and lazy days. For others, it means afternoons spent at the ballpark, watching a favorite team throw the ball and swing the bat. Whether you enjoy playing the game, cheering from the stands, or eating the snacks, solving these word problems can make you feel like you are spending the day enjoying America's favorite pastime.
La nullité en droit des sociétés coopératives OHADA au regard du droit canadien des sociétés coopératives
Authors: Goudem Jules
Published: March 2016

La création des coopératives en Afrique remonte à la période coloniale. Elles sont aujourd’hui régies par l’Acte uniforme du 15 décembre 2010 relatif au droit des sociétés coopératives. S’affranchissant de la tutelle administrative vers 1990, elles sont devenues démocratiques et évoluent doucement vers les sociétés commerciales, mais différemment des entreprises individuelles et sociétés par actions. Comme l’Acte uniforme qui les régit permet à toute personne, quelle que soit sa nationalité, d’exercer en société coopérative une activité dans l’espace de l’OHADA et que l’article 296 de l’Acte définit le statut du représentant permanent de la personne morale coopératrice, des étrangers, dont les Occidentaux, peuvent y exercer cette activité. Fort de la susdite dynamique, les sociétés coopératives peuvent, au regard du droit canadien, offrir tous les types de produits ou de services et accomplir des actes de commerce. Au sein de ces différents droits, lesdites sociétés sont largement réfractaires à la nullité. Dès lors, il se pose un problème relatif à l’étendue de leur nullité et de celle de leurs actes. Cette analyse répond à la question en montrant que le domaine des nullités est aujourd’hui restreint, de façon assez ambiguë, par l’Acte uniforme et la pratique qui favorise la régularisation de certains actes nuls en matière de société coopérative.
Andreas Vesalius’ 500th Anniversary: First Description of the Mammary Suspensory Ligaments
Authors: Brinkman Romy J. , Hage J. Joris
Published: March 2016

Sir Astley Paston Cooper has, to date, been acknowledged to be the first to describe the suspensory ligaments of the breast, or Cooper’s ligaments, in 1840. We found these ligaments to be recorded in the first edition of ‘De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem’ by Andreas Vesalius, published in 1543. To commemorate Vesalius’ 500th birthday, we quote and discuss this earlier record. Vesalius’ record of the nature and function of the fleshy membrane between mammary gland and pectoral muscle, the hard fat intervening the mammary glands, and the fibers running from the fleshy membrane to the skin are a clear representation of posterior layer of the superficial fascial system, the fibro‐adipose stroma surrounding and linking the mammary glandular elements, and the suspensory ligaments as we know them. Vesalius recorded the anatomy and function of the latter structures nearly 300 years before Sir Astley Paston Cooper did.