bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In professional football the decline in high‐intensity running activities from first to second half is more pronounced in players with a fast muscle typology
Authors: Van de Casteele Freek , Deprez Dieter , Van Haaren Jan , Derave Wim , Lievens Eline
Published: October 2023

Muscle typology is heterogeneous among national level football (soccer) players, but positional differences remain unclear. Furthermore, fast typology (FT) individuals fatigue more than slow typology (ST) individuals in lab conditions. Therefore, we investigated if muscle typology is different between playing positions and if the decay in high‐intensity activities from the first to the second half is larger in FT football players than in ST players. We estimated muscle typology in 147 male professional football players by measuring soleus and gastrocnemius muscle carnosine via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Players were classified as ST, intermediate typology (IT) or FT and categorized as goalkeeper, center back, full back, midfielder, winger or forward. Across four seasons in‐game distances covered in multiple running speed, acceleration and deceleration zones were collected during the first and second half. We found no differences in muscle typology between positions (p = 0.412). FT players covered 10.9% more high acceleration distance (>3 m.s−2) in the first half than ST players (p = 0.021) and high acceleration distance decay was larger for FT players (−12.4%) than ST (−7.7%; p = 0.006) and IT players (−7.3%; p = 0.010). Moreover, the decline in distance covered in several high‐intensity zones tended to be larger in FT players (−11.2% high‐intensity >15 km.h−1; −12.7% high deceleration <−3 m.s−2; −11.5% medium acceleration 2‐3 m.s−2) than in ST players (−7.1% high‐intensity; −8.1% high deceleration; −8.1% medium acceleration; 0.05 < p < 0.1). In conclusion, possessing a particular muscle typology is not required to play any football position at the national level. However, there are indications that FT players might fatigue more toward the end of the game compared to ST players.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*40:539 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Elsermans Vincent , Visentin Jonathan , Top Isabelle , Pajot Thibault , Labalette Myriam
Published: October 2023

HLA‐B*40:539 differs from HLA‐B*40:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 46 in exon 2.
Clostridioides difficile infection in the allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipient
Authors: Lo Porto Davide , Mularoni Alessandra , Castagnola Elio , Saffioti Carolina
Published: October 2023

Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in hospitalized patients, in particular those who undergo an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT) and who are more at risk of developing a CD infection (CDI) due to frequent hospitalizations, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and prolonged antibiotic cycles. CDI may represent a severe condition in allo‐HCT patients, increasing the length of hospitalization, influencing the intestinal microbiome with a bidirectional association with graft‐versus‐host disease, and leading to unfavorable outcomes, including death. The diagnosis of CDI requires the exclusion of other probable causes of diarrhea in HCT patients and is based on highly sensitive and highly specific tests to distinguish colonization from infection. In adult patients, fidaxomicin is recommended as first‐line, with oral vancomycin as an alternative agent. Bezlotoxumab may be used to reduce the risk of recurrence. In pediatric patients, vancomycin and metronidazole are still suggested as first‐line therapy, but fidaxomicin will probably become standard in pediatrics in the near future. Because of insufficient safety data, fecal microbiota transplantation is not routinely recommended in HCT in spite of promising results for the management of recurrences in other populations.

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Globalisation, economic growth and quality of infrastructure: New insights
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmane , Sawadogo Hamidous , Dianda Issa
Published: October 2023

The China's Belt and Road Initiative and the EU's Global Gateway projects are based on the idea that high‐quality infrastructures are key for countries to benefit from globalisation. This article investigates the economic growth effect of globalisation using a panel of 117 countries over the period 1980–2019 and explores whether the state of infrastructure in countries matters. Based on the assumption that there are winners and losers of globalisation, we hypothesize that the effect of globalisation on economic growth differs across groups of countries with similar but unobserved characteristics. Therefore, the article incorporates the potential presence of hidden heterogeneity and tries to explain group membership of countries based on the quality of infrastructure. The finite mixture model regression shows that the effect of globalisation on growth differs across two different groups of countries. While the effect is insignificant in the first group, globalisation spurs economic growth in the second group. In addition, we find that countries with a better quality of infrastructure are more likely to be in the class where globalisation fosters economic growth. The results are robust to a battery of robustness checks. The article provides evidence that countries should improve the quality of infrastructure to fully reap the benefit of globalisation.
Biological degradation of leachate from household and similar waste pre‐treated by electro‐Fenton process
Authors: Boukhrissa Athir , Rouidi Lina Mounia , Maurício Rita , Ait‐Amar Hamid
Published: October 2023

This study's purpose is to confirm the feasibility and performance of the combination between ‘electro‐Fenton’ process and the ‘activated sludge’ biological process, in order to remove the organic matter contained in ‘intermediate’ leachates from technical landfill centre of Hamici (Algiers). This leachate was initially electrochemically pre‐treated until the ratio of BOD5/chemical oxygen deman (COD) = 0.41, then an optimization of the parameters significantly influencing the biological degradation was carried. The results obtained after 13 h of biological treatment show the removal of 97% of the initial COD, with a mixed liquor composed of 700 mL of pre‐treated leachate and 300 mL of activated sludge, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/L and a pH of 7, which allows the effluent to discharge directly into the environment. The conclusions of this work are promising because it was demonstrated that if the operating parameters are well controlled concerning these treatments, its sequence and the referred pre‐treatment, the treatment efficiency is very high to the point of direct discharge of the leachate. However, in future studies, the combination of the both processes should be more explored in order to reduce the treatment time and to scale‐up the process.
A survey of antimicrobial use practices on veal farms in the United States
Authors: Cheng Ting‐Yu , Pempek Jessica A. , Locke Samantha R. , Masterson Margaret A. , Habing Gregory G.
Published: October 2023

Neonatal veal calves are highly susceptible to bacterial diseases. Occasional sub‐optimal early‐life care and long‐distance transportation result in high disease burden and antimicrobial treatment incidence. Nonetheless, judicious use of antimicrobials is necessary to mitigate the animal and human health impacts of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to use a clinical vignette‐based survey approach to evaluate the potential for reduced group or individual therapeutic antimicrobial use. The survey included items probing the adherence to veterinary‐written protocols, antimicrobial use (AMU) at the calf‐ and group‐level, and the treatment actions to case vignettes of calf diarrhoea, pneumonia, and navel infection. The survey was mailed to all veal calf producers within two U.S. production companies (n = 32 producers in Company 1; n = 70 producers in Company 2) in February and December 2019, respectively. The overall survey response rate was 36% (21/59). Although 95% of producers reported having veterinary‐written treatment protocols for diarrhoea, pneumonia, and navel infection, veal producers infrequently (<50% of the time) referenced these protocols. Veal producers were primarily trained for disease identification and treatment by observing other personnel “on‐the‐job” (81%). Veal producers reported a high incidence of calf diarrhoea relative to pneumonia and naval infection, a lower percentage (≤40%) of diarrhoea cases being treated individually with antimicrobials. Using clinical vignettes, our results suggest that AMU decisions among veal producers depend on the severity of clinical signs for diarrhoea and pneumonia, while navel infections are often treated with antimicrobials regardless of sign severity. Nearly two‐thirds of veal producers reported treating uncomplicated cases of diarrhoea (watery stool with normal body temperature, activity, and appetite), more than previously reported from dairy producers (37.1%). Findings from this survey suggest that calf producer‐focused training to guide antimicrobial treatment decisions and improve producer adherence to veterinary‐written treatment protocols may have important impacts on judicious antimicrobial use.
Conjugate Modeling of a Closed Co-Rotating Compressor Cavity
Authors: Parry James , Tang Hui , Scobie James A. , Lock Gary D. , Carnevale Mauro
Published: October 2023

Robust methods to predict heat transfer are vital to accurately control the blade-tip clearance in compressors and the radial growth of the disks to which these blades are attached. Fundamentally, the flow in the cavity between the co-rotating disks is a conjugate problem: the temperature gradient across this cavity drives large-scale buoyant structures in the core that rotate asynchronously to the disks, which in turn governs the heat transfer and temperature distributions in the disks. The practical engine designer requires expedient computational methods and low-order modeling. A conjugate heat transfer (CHT) methodology that can be used as a predictive tool is introduced here. Most simulations for rotating cavities only consider the fluid domain in isolation and typically require known disk temperature distributions as the boundary condition for the solution. This paper presents a novel coupling strategy for the conjugate problem, where unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations for the fluid are combined with a series of steady simulations for the solid domain in an iterative approach. This strategy overcomes the limitations due to the difference in thermal inertia between fluid and solid; the method retains the unsteady flow features but allows a prediction of the disk temperature distributions, rather than using them as a boundary condition. This approach has been validated on the fundamental flow configuration of a closed co-rotating cavity. Metal temperatures and heat transfer correlations predicted by the simulation are compared to those measured experimentally for a range of engine-relevant conditions.
Oxygen plasma treatment of TeO2—B2O3 (boro-tellurite) thin films
Authors: Demirkol Uğur , Durmuş Çağrı , Akan Tamer
Published: October 2023

In this study, boro-tellurite glasses with a composition of 75TeO2–25B2O3 (mol. %) (TB) were synthesized using a traditional melt-quenching method. The glasses were subsequently deposited as thin films using the thermionic vacuum arc system, and a subset of the samples underwent treatment with a low-pressure cold oxygen plasma system, resulting in the formation of the “TBO (boro-tellurite treated by oxygen plasma)” thin films. The structural and morphological properties of the TB and TBO thin films were characterized using x-ray diffraction analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties of the thin film samples were evaluated using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry in the range of 300–800 nm. The resistivity of the thin films was measured using the four-probe Van der Pauw method. It was found that the TB thin films had an amorphous structure with some crystalline formations, whereas the TBO thin films were similar to the bulk boro-tellurite glasses described in the literature, with no detectable crystalline formations. Both TB and TBO thin films exhibited homogenous and amorphous surfaces. Furthermore, the electronic structure of the thin films has changed after oxygen plasma treatment.
Role of a surface hydroxyl group depending on growth temperature in atomic layer deposition of ternary oxides
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Seo Seunggi , Lee Woo-Jae , Noh Wontae , Kwon Se-Hun , Oh Il-Kwon , Kim Hyungjun
Published: October 2023

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of multicomponent materials is challenging because the growth characteristics often deviate from what is expected due to the difference in surface characteristics of heterogeneous and single materials, resulting in undesired thickness or properties. For metal oxides, the growth characteristics highly rely on the surface hydroxyl groups, which play a role as the reactive site. Thus, studying the reaction mechanism of a precursor on hydroxyl-terminated heterogeneous surfaces is important for understanding the nonideal growth of ternary oxide. Here, we investigated the correlation between hydroxyl and the growth of ALD TiSiOx depending on temperature, analyzing infrared spectra, and chemical compositions. The results show that large amounts of hydroxyl are detected in TiSiOx deposited at 100 °C, where the adsorption of H2O on Ti–O–Si bonds is favorable. It leads to higher growth per cycle (GPC) than the estimated value. In contrast, the hydroxyl disappears at 200 °C due to dehydroxylation, resulting in lower GPC. Differences in hydroxyl also influence the film density as revealed in x-ray reflection spectra, which is related to the film qualities (e.g., elastic modulus and dry etch rates). This work provides insight into how to control hydroxyl in the ALD of ternary oxides, which is susceptible to hydroxyl incorporation, leading to undesired growth characteristics.
Context Matters: The Importance of Physical Activity Domains for Public Health
Authors: Quinn Tyler D. , Barone Gibbs Bethany
Published: October 2023

Physical activity can be performed across several domains, including leisure, occupation, household, and transportation, but physical activity research, measurement, and surveillance have historically been focused on leisure-time physical activity. Emerging evidence suggests differential health effects across these domains. In particular, occupational physical activity may be associated with adverse health outcomes. We argue that to adequately consider and evaluate such impacts, physical activity researchers and public health practitioners engaging in measurement, surveillance, and guideline creation should measure and consider all relevant physical activity domains where possible. We describe why physical activity science is often limited to the leisure-time domain and provide a rationale for expanding research and public health efforts to include all physical activity domains.
Program Directing as Critical Praxis: Efforts to Embed Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice Values Into an Athletic Leadership Master’s Program
Authors: Kochanek Jill
Published: October 2023

Inclusive learning environments are necessary for all students to thrive. Such environments require that teachers and students engage in a critical praxis: iterative reflection and action that attend to social identity, power/privilege, and oppression for social justice promotion. In this conceptual paper, I overview my efforts as a program director to engage in a critical praxis and embed diversity, inclusion, and equity values into the fabric of an athletic leadership master’s program at a teaching-focused college. Strategic efforts described include creating a mission statement, conducting a needs assessment, developing a curriculum to promote critical capacity building in tandem with supporting sport–social justice student research, and recruitment of students with minoritized identities and nontraditional backgrounds. I conclude with future directions aimed at ensuring that graduate students have an inclusive and empowering educational experience that helps them develop as inclusive, equity-minded leaders.
Recurring volcanic winters during the latest Cretaceous: Sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan Traps lavas
Authors: Callegaro Sara , Baker Don R. , Renne Paul R. , Melluso Leone , Geraki Kalotina , Whitehouse Martin J. , De Min Angelo , Marzoli Andrea
Published: October 2023

Two events share the stage as main drivers of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction—Deccan Traps volcanism, and an asteroid impact recorded by the Chicxulub crater. We contribute to refining knowledge of the volcanic stressor by providing sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan lavas from the Western Ghats (India), which straddle the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Volcanic fluorine budgets were variable (400 to 3000 parts per million) and probably sufficient to affect the environment, albeit only regionally. The highest sulfur budgets (up to 1800 parts per million) are recorded in Deccan lavas emplaced just prior (within 0.1 million years) to the extinction interval, whereas later basalts are generally sulfur-poor (up to 750 parts per million). Independent evidence suggests the Deccan flood basalts erupted in high-flux pulses. Our data suggest that volcanic sulfur degassing from such activity could have caused repeated short-lived global drops in temperature, stressing the ecosystems long before the bolide impact delivered its final blow at the end of the Cretaceous.
Enhanced harm detection following maternal separation: Transgenerational transmission and reversibility by inhaled amiloride
Authors: Battaglia Marco , Rossignol Orlane , Lorenzo Louis-Etienne , Deguire Jasmin , Godin Antoine G. , D’Amato Francesca R. , De Koninck Yves
Published: October 2023

Early-life adversities are associated with altered defensive responses. Here, we demonstrate that the repeated cross-fostering (RCF) paradigm of early maternal separation is associated with enhancements of distinct homeostatic reactions: hyperventilation in response to hypercapnia and nociceptive sensitivity, among the first generation of RCF-exposed animals, as well as among two successive generations of their normally reared offspring, through matrilineal transmission. Parallel enhancements of acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), ASIC2, and ASIC3 messenger RNA transcripts were detected transgenerationally in central neurons, in the medulla oblongata, and in periaqueductal gray matter of RCF-lineage animals. A single, nebulized dose of the ASIC-antagonist amiloride renormalized respiratory and nociceptive responsiveness across the entire RCF lineage. These findings reveal how, following an early-life adversity, a biological memory reducible to a molecular sensor unfolds, shaping adaptation mechanisms over three generations. Our findings are entwined with multiple correlates of human anxiety and pain conditions and suggest nebulized amiloride as a therapeutic avenue.
A humanized chemogenetic system inhibits murine pain-related behavior and hyperactivity in human sensory neurons
Authors: Perez-Sanchez Jimena , Middleton Steven J. , Pattison Luke A. , Hilton Helen , Ali Awadelkareem Mosab , Zuberi Sana R. , Renke Maria B. , Hu Huimin , Yang Xun , Clark Alex J. , St. John Smith Ewan , Bennett David L.
Published: October 2023

Hyperexcitability in sensory neurons is known to underlie many of the maladaptive changes associated with persistent pain. Chemogenetics has shown promise as a means to suppress such excitability, yet chemogenetic approaches suitable for human applications are needed. PSAM
4
-GlyR is a modular system based on the human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine and glycine receptors, which responds to inert chemical ligands and the clinically approved drug varenicline. Here, we demonstrated the efficacy of this channel in silencing both mouse and human sensory neurons by the activation of large shunting conductances after agonist administration. Virally mediated expression of PSAM
4
-GlyR in mouse sensory neurons produced behavioral hyposensitivity upon agonist administration, which was recovered upon agonist washout. Stable expression of the channel led to similar reversible suppression of pain-related behavior even after 10 months of viral delivery. Mechanical and spontaneous pain readouts were also ameliorated by PSAM
4
-GlyR activation in acute and joint pain inflammation mouse models. Furthermore, suppression of mechanical hypersensitivity generated by a spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain was also observed upon activation of the channel. Effective silencing of behavioral hypersensitivity was reproduced in a human model of hyperexcitability and clinical pain: PSAM
4
-GlyR activation decreased the excitability of human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived sensory neurons and spontaneous activity due to a gain-of-function Na
V
1.7 mutation causing inherited erythromelalgia. Our results demonstrate the contribution of sensory neuron hyperexcitability to neuropathic pain and the translational potential of an effective, stable, and reversible humanized chemogenetic system for the treatment of pain.
Depositional processes of Marinoan-age diamictites and cap carbonates in northwestern Tarim, China: Implications for chemical weathering following the Marinoan deglaciation
Authors: Lu Lihui , Han Yigui , Zhao Guochun , Huang Kangjun , Ju Pengcheng , Wang Zhenfei , Guo Yu , Shao Dong , Hu Haiyan , Cao Xuyang
Published: October 2023

The Marinoan diamictites and the overlying cap carbonates at continental margins bear key information on the paleo-environment evolution during the collapse of Snowball Earth, such as the timespan of intense chemical weathering. Such a sedimentary suite has been recently discovered in the northwestern Tarim Craton of China, but its depositional processes remain controversial. Here, we present stratigraphic and isotope geochemical studies on the diamictites of the Yuermeinak Formation and the overlying cap carbonates of the Sugetbrak Formation in the Aksu region of the northwestern Tarim Craton. Multiple unconformities in the region suggest major tectonic uplifting during the Cryogenian, probably resulting in a mountainous topography and varying dip directions of the overlying cap carbonates. The paleo-elevation of these mountains might have been higher and above sea level. We propose new depositional processes that involved four stages from glacial continental facies to neritic facies and/or alluvial fan systems. The first stage formed the massive diamictites and stratified siltstones with dropstones, recording cycles between glacier retreat and advance. The second stage involved the late transgression at the end of the deglaciation and the formation of calcareous massive diamictites with negative δ13C. The third stage included the onset of cap carbonate deposition and the alternating precipitation of calcareous mudstones and carbonates, reflecting frequent sea-level changes. The fourth stage was related to a widespread marine regression that developed a terrestrial environment and the sedimentation of the sandstones of the Sugetbrak Formation. Furthermore, we suggest that intense chemical weathering on exposed continents after the Marinoan deglaciation likely lasted for only hundreds of thousands of years, releasing ample alkalis into the ocean and facilitating the precipitation of the cap carbonates.
Lithospheric-scale dynamics during continental subduction: Evidence from a frozen-in plate interface
Authors: Mendes Kevin , Agard Philippe , Plunder Alexis , Herviou Clément
Published: October 2023

Continental subduction and collision are not merely follow-ups of oceanic subduction but mark the transition from lithospheric-scale deformation localized along the subduction interface to crustal-scale deformation distributed across the orogen. In order to unravel the processes typifying the dynamic changes from oceanic subduction to collision, we have characterized the pressure-temperature (P-T) and spatio-temporal evolution of rocks on each side of the tectonic contact (Briançonnais–Liguro-Piemont [Br-LP] contact) separating the subducted oceanic remnants from the subducted continental fragments along the Western Alps.

Results indicate that the maximum temperature and pressure difference on each side of the contact is generally <30 °C and <0.3 GPa, evidencing that no significant metamorphic gap exists. The preservation of similar P-T conditions on both sides of the Br-LP contact is interpreted as resulting from offscraping of the Liguro-Piemont and later Briançonnais units at similar depths, as supported by the ~10 m.y. gap between peak burial ages of both zones. The similar depth range reached by the various units reflects systematic variations of slicing and mechanical coupling along the plate interface suggesting that (1) similar slicing mechanisms and strain localization prevailed during both oceanic and continental subduction and (2) the Br-LP contact represents a frozen-in subduction interface. The end of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphism and continental subduction at ca. 33 Ma would mark the stalling of subduction interface dynamics and the onset of strain distribution across the plate interface and into the lower plate.
Parkes Weber syndrome: a rare cause of foot drop
Authors: Kyriakides Demetra Elena , Michaelides Demos , Lambrianides Sakis
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a patient in her late 60s, previously diagnosed with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome who presented with difficulty walking. A year prior to her presentation she had a fall which made her notice a painless foot drop on the right. Her right leg was profoundly hypertrophied compared with the left, and a port-wine stain was present on the lateral side, extending from the hip to the mid-shin. The patient’s differential diagnosis based on clinical examination and investigations is discussed leading to a final diagnosis of sciatic neuropathy secondary to an arteriovenous malformation due to Parkes Weber syndrome.
Acute HIV presenting as rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Ali Aleem Azal , Stemboroski Lauren , Ravi Malleswari
Published: October 2023

A man, in his early 30s, with no significant medical history presented with a 2-week history of fatigue, chest and abdominal pain, associated with anorexia and vomiting. Initial laboratory testing was suggestive of rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure and transaminitis. The aetiology of his rhabdomyolysis initially remained unexplained as there were no clear risk factors or inciting events. An extensive workup revealed acute HIV as the precipitant of rhabdomyolysis.
Surface modification of neurovascular stents: from bench to patient
Authors: Zoppo Christopher T , Mocco J , Manning Nathan W , Bogdanov Alexei A , Gounis Matthew J
Published: October 2023

Flow-diverting stents (FDs) for the treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms are revolutionary. However, these devices require systemic dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce thromboembolic complications. Given the risk of ischemic complications as well as morbidity and contraindications associated with DAPT, demonstrating safety and efficacy for FDs either without DAPT or reducing the duration of DAPT is a priority. The former may be achieved by surface modifications that decrease device thrombogenicity, and the latter by using coatings that expedite endothelial growth. Biomimetics, commonly achieved by grafting hydrophilic and non-interacting polymers to surfaces, can mask the device surface with nature-derived coatings from circulating factors that normally activate coagulation and inflammation. One strategy is to mimic the surfaces of innocuous circulatory system components. Phosphorylcholine and glycan coatings are naturally inspired and present on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. Another strategy involves linking synthetic biocompatible polymer brushes to the surface of a device that disrupts normal interaction with circulating proteins and cells. Finally, drug immobilization can also impart antithrombotic effects that counteract normal foreign body reactions in the circulatory system without systemic effects. Heparin coatings have been explored since the 1960s and used on a variety of blood contacting surfaces. This concept is now being explored for neurovascular devices. Coatings that improve endothelialization are not as clinically mature as anti-thrombogenic coatings. Coronary stents have used an anti-CD34 antibody coating to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells on the surface, potentially accelerating endothelial integration. Similarly, coatings with CD31 analogs are being explored for neurovascular implants.
Phase transitions of ionic fluids in nanoporous electrodes
Authors: Emrani Ayeh , Woodward Clifford E. , Forsman Jan
Published: October 2023

In this work, we utilise grand canonical Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations, to establish pore-induced freezing of restricted primitive model fluids. A planar pore model is utilised, with walls that are initially neutral, and either non-conducting or perfectly conducting. The phase of the confined electrolyte (solid/fluid) displays an oscillatory dependence on surface separation, in narrow pores. Conditions are chosen so that the bulk is composed of a stable fluid electrolyte. The tendency for the electrolyte to freeze in narrow pores is somewhat stronger in systems with non-conducting walls. We also demonstrate that an applied potential will, above a threshold value, melt a frozen electrolyte. In these cases, the capacitance, as measured by the average surface charge density divided by the applied potential, will be almost vanishing if the applied potential is below this threshold value. We do not see any evidence for a “superionic fluid”, which has been hypothesised to generate a strong capacitance in narrow pores, due to an efficient screening of like-charge repulsions by image charges.

Graphic abstract
Shadow of Schwarzschild black hole in the cold dark matter halo
Authors: Ma Shi-Jie , Ma Tian-Chi , Deng Jian-Bo , Hu Xian-Ru
Published: October 2023

The Schwarzschild black hole in the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halo is studied, and the radiation laws of the thin accretion disk near the black hole are discussed and summarized. The orbits of light around the black hole are also calculated. Additionally, using the Novikov–Thorne model’s light intensity function of the thin accretion disk, it is possible to solve for the shadow created by the thin accretion disk near the Schwarzschild black hole as well as the observed luminosity of the disk.
Theoretical analysis of the resonance fluorescence correlation spectrum of three-level multi-mer 85Rb atomic system
Authors: Zhao Chaoying
Published: October 2023

In a vapor cell, [Formula: see text] is the average velocity of the moving atoms. When [Formula: see text], the in-homogeneous broadening of the atomic spectral lines is important when taking into account thermal Doppler broadening. We also discover that the narrowing mechanism for inter-atomic with different components has more influence on the Doppler line-shape. Thus, the spectral line broadening of two-level and three-level multi-mer [Formula: see text] atom is not only influenced by the in-homogeneous Doppler broadening, but also affected by the Dicke narrowing effect. The fluorescence spectrum affords a good possibility for a detailed study of Dicke narrowing effect and thermal Doppler broadening effect. We analyze the influence of multi-mer [Formula: see text] atomic system component on resonance fluorescence spectrum (RFS). Based on the quantum regression theorem, we develop a method and derive a general analytical expression for the two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence correlation spectrum of three-level [Formula: see text] atomic system.
Toward Effective Semi-supervised Node Classification with Hybrid Curriculum Pseudo-labeling
Authors: Luo Xiao , Ju Wei , Gu Yiyang , Qin Yifang , Yi Siyu , Wu Daqing , Liu Luchen , Zhang Ming
Published: October 2023

Semi-supervised node classification is a crucial challenge in relational data mining and has attracted increasing interest in research on graph neural networks (GNNs). However, previous approaches merely utilize labeled nodes to supervise the overall optimization, but fail to sufficiently explore the information of their underlying label distribution. Even worse, they often overlook the robustness of models, which may cause instability of network outputs to random perturbations. To address the aforementioned shortcomings, we develop a novel framework termed Hybrid Curriculum Pseudo-Labeling (HCPL) for efficient semi-supervised node classification. Technically, HCPL iteratively annotates unlabeled nodes by training a GNN model on the labeled samples and any previously pseudo-labeled samples, and repeatedly conducts this process. To improve the model robustness, we introduce a hybrid pseudo-labeling strategy that incorporates both prediction confidence and uncertainty under random perturbations, therefore mitigating the influence of erroneous pseudo-labels. Finally, we leverage the idea of curriculum learning to start from annotating easy samples, and gradually explore hard samples as the iteration grows. Extensive experiments on a number of benchmarks demonstrate that our HCPL beats various state-of-the-art baselines in diverse settings.
A Survey on UAV-Enabled Edge Computing: Resource Management Perspective
Authors: Xia Xiaoyu , Fattah Sheik Mohammad Mostakim , Babar Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2023

Edge computing facilitates low-latency services at the network’s edge by distributing computation, communication, and storage resources within the geographic proximity of mobile and Internet-of-Things devices. The recent advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies has opened new opportunities for edge computing in military operations, disaster response, or remote areas where traditional terrestrial networks are limited or unavailable. In such environments, UAVs can be deployed as aerial edge servers or relays to facilitate edge computing services. This form of computing is also known as UAV-enabled Edge Computing (UEC), which offers several unique benefits such as mobility, line-of-sight, flexibility, computational capability, and cost-efficiency. However, the resources on UAVs, edge servers, and Internet-of-Things devices are typically very limited in the context of UEC. Efficient resource management is therefore a critical research challenge in UEC. In this article, we present a survey on the existing research in UEC from the resource management perspective. We identify a conceptual architecture, different types of collaborations, wireless communication models, research directions, key techniques, and performance indicators for resource management in UEC. We also present a taxonomy of resource management in UEC. Finally, we identify and discuss some open research challenges that can stimulate future research directions for resource management in UEC.
Trade-Off between Sampling Frequency and Duration and Their Influences on the Estimation of Space Use of Japanese Macaques
Authors: Terayama Kana , Ebihara Hiroshi , Seino Hironori , Takiguchi Masaaki , Genkai-Kato Motomi
Published: October 2023

Space use, estimated based on location data, provides fundamental knowledge in the basic and applied ecology of wild animals. There is a trade-off between sampling frequency and duration in location data which are collected from a tracking device attached to an animal because the battery of the device has a limited life. In this study, we assessed how different combinations of sampling frequency and duration would affect estimates for home-range size and maximum utilization area (MUA) of Japanese macaques, using datasets subsampled by reducing frequency and/or duration from the original dataset. Estimates of MUA were likely to be overestimated if the sampling duration was shorter than 80 days for Japanese macaques. Reductions in sampling frequency and duration had opposite effects on estimates of home-range size: the estimated area decreased with decreasing sampling duration, while it increased with decreasing sampling frequency. Moreover, these opposite effects can be offset when the sampling frequency and duration are simultaneously reduced. We discussed the applicability of our results to animals other than Japanese macaques and how to design the sampling frequency and duration in future research.
Uterine Rupture Secondary to Pyomyoma, Leading to Intra-Abdominal Abscesses following an Uncomplicated Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Hartman Rachel , Colón-Mercado Olga , Johnson Valario , Baron James , Davis Lauren
Published: October 2023

Background. Pyomyomas are an infrequent complication of uterine fibroids and, in extremely rare cases, the cause of spontaneous uterine rupture. A few documented cases were managed conservatively with oral antibiotics and CT-guided drainage or myomectomy with fertility preserved. However, treatment more frequently involves IV antibiotics and a hysterectomy. Case Description. A 31-year-old G2P0111 PPD 7 presented with intra-abdominal abscesses of unknown source. She was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, image-guided percutaneous (IR) drainage of the largest abscess, and surgical exploration with debridement. During surgery, she was diagnosed with spontaneous uterine rupture. The uterine defect was successfully repaired, and she was able to be successfully managed with fertility-sparing treatment. The patient ultimately did not require a hysterectomy. The final pathology was consistent with pyomyoma. Conclusion. In a majority of cases, pyomyoma treatment requires a hysterectomy, and fertility is unable to be preserved. However, conservative management with IV antibiotics, IR drainage, and surgical debridement could be a fertility-preserving approach to the treatment of pyomyomas.
Prevalence of GCKR rs1260326 Variant in Subjects with Obesity Associated NAFLD and T2DM: A Case-Control Study in South Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Nisar Tayyaba , Arshad Kashan , Abbas Zahid , Khan Maira Ali , Safdar Sohail , Shaikh Rehan Sadiq , Saeed Ali
Published: October 2023

The glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) regulates glycogen metabolism and insulin secretion, and the GCKR rs1260326 is a putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted to investigate the genetic association of the GCKR rs1260326 in NAFLD and T2DM in our population. NAFLD (n = 103), T2DM (n = 100), and control (n = 100) samples were collected and genotyped for GCKR rs1260326 by tetra-arm PCR. The genetic variant GCKR rs1260326 was significantly linked with NAFLD and T2DM, while the GCKR rs1260326 was significantly associated with the progression of obesity only in NAFLD subjects. The frequency of the C allele (mutant) was higher in both NAFLD (f = 0.69) and T2DM (f = 0.66) subjects as compared to healthy controls of NAFLD (0.52) and T2DM (f = 0.32). The frequency of the C allele was also positively linked with the progression of obesity in both diseases. The frequency of the C allele was 0.66, 0.67, and 0.74 in NAFLD normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively, while the frequency of the C allele was 0.60, 0.60, and 0.74 in T2DM in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, respectively. Homozygous mutant (CC) was 53% in both NAFLD and T2DM subjects, while heterozygous mutant (CT) was 15.53% in NAFLD and 22% in T2DM subjects. Wild-type allele (TT) was 31.06% in NAFLD and 25% in T2DM subjects. In conclusion, the GCKR rs1260326 is a highly prevalent SNP in NAFLD and T2DM subjects, which possibly contributed to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders in our population.
Data from Tumor-targeted non-ablative radiation promotes solid tumor CAR T-cell therapy efficacy
Authors: Quach Hue Tu. , Skovgard Matthew S. , Villena-Vargas Jonathan , Bellis Rebecca Y. , Chintala Navin K. , Amador-Molina Alfredo , Bai Yang , Banerjee Srijita , Saini Jasmeen , Xiong Yuquan , Vista William-Ray , Byun Alexander J. , De Biasi Andreas , Zeltsman Masha , Mayor Marissa , Morello Aurore , Mittal Vivek , Gomez Daniel R. , Rimner Andreas , Jones David R. , Adusumilli Prasad S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Infiltration of tumor by T cells is a prerequisite for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the influence of tumor-targeted radiation on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy tumor infiltration, accumulation, and efficacy in clinically relevant models of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancers. We use a non-ablative dose of tumor-targeted radiation prior to systemic administration of mesothelin-targeted CAR T cells to assess infiltration, proliferation, anti-tumor efficacy, and functional persistence of CAR T cells at primary and distant sites of tumor. A tumor-targeted, non-ablative dose of radiation promotes early and high infiltration, proliferation, and functional persistence of CAR T cells. Tumor-targeted radiation promotes tumor-chemokine expression and chemokine-receptor expression in infiltrating T cells, and results in a subpopulation of higher-intensity CAR-expressing T cells with high co-expression of chemokine receptors that further infiltrate distant sites of disease, enhancing CAR T-cell anti-tumor efficacy. Enhanced CAR T-cell efficacy is evident in models of both high-mesothelin-expressing mesothelioma and mixed-mesothelin-expressing lung cancer—two thoracic cancers for which radiation therapy is part of the standard of care. Our results strongly suggest that the use of tumor-targeted radiation prior to systemic administration of CAR T cells may substantially improve CAR T-cell therapy efficacy for solid tumors. Building on our observations, we describe a translational strategy of “sandwich” cell therapy for solid tumors that combines sequential metastatic site–targeted radiation and CAR T cells—a regional solution to overcome barriers to systemic delivery of CAR T cells.
Data from Tumor-Targeted Nonablative Radiation Promotes Solid Tumor CAR T-cell Therapy Efficacy
Authors: Quach Hue Tu , Skovgard Matthew S. , Villena-Vargas Jonathan , Bellis Rebecca Y. , Chintala Navin K. , Amador-Molina Alfredo , Bai Yang , Banerjee Srijita , Saini Jasmeen , Xiong Yuquan , Vista William-Ray , Byun Alexander J. , De Biasi Andreas , Zeltsman Masha , Mayor Marissa , Morello Aurore , Mittal Vivek , Gomez Daniel R. , Rimner Andreas , Jones David R. , Adusumilli Prasad S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Infiltration of tumor by T cells is a prerequisite for successful immunotherapy of solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the influence of tumor-targeted radiation on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy tumor infiltration, accumulation, and efficacy in clinically relevant models of pleural mesothelioma and non–small cell lung cancers. We use a nonablative dose of tumor-targeted radiation prior to systemic administration of mesothelin-targeted CAR T cells to assess infiltration, proliferation, antitumor efficacy, and functional persistence of CAR T cells at primary and distant sites of tumor. A tumor-targeted, nonablative dose of radiation promotes early and high infiltration, proliferation, and functional persistence of CAR T cells. Tumor-targeted radiation promotes tumor-chemokine expression and chemokine-receptor expression in infiltrating T cells and results in a subpopulation of higher-intensity CAR-expressing T cells with high coexpression of chemokine receptors that further infiltrate distant sites of disease, enhancing CAR T-cell antitumor efficacy. Enhanced CAR T-cell efficacy is evident in models of both high-mesothelin-expressing mesothelioma and mixed-mesothelin-expressing lung cancer—two thoracic cancers for which radiotherapy is part of the standard of care. Our results strongly suggest that the use of tumor-targeted radiation prior to systemic administration of CAR T cells may substantially improve CAR T-cell therapy efficacy for solid tumors. Building on our observations, we describe a translational strategy of “sandwich” cell therapy for solid tumors that combines sequential metastatic site–targeted radiation and CAR T cells—a regional solution to overcome barriers to systemic delivery of CAR T cells.
Data from Cholesterol efflux drives the generation of immunosuppressive macrophages to promote the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhixiong , Wang Yongchun , Xing Rui , Zeng Huilan , Yu Xing-Juan , Zhang Yao-jun , Xu Jing , Zheng Limin
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cholesterol is often enriched in tumor microenvironment (TME); however, its impact on disease progression varies in different tissues and cells. Monocytes/macrophages (Mφ) are major components and regulators of the TME and play pivotal roles in tumor progression and therapeutic responses. We aimed to investigate the profile, effects, and regulatory mechanisms of Mφ cholesterol metabolism in the context of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that patients with high serum levels of cholesterol had shorter survival times and lower response rates to anti-PD-1 treatment. However, the cholesterol content in tumor-infiltrating monocytes/Mφ was significantly lower than that in their counterparts in paired non-tumor tissues. The expression of the cholesterol efflux transporter, ABCA1, was upregulated in tumor monocytes/Mφ, and ABCA1 upregulation positively associated with decreased cellular cholesterol content and increased serum cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, autocrine cytokines from tumor-treated monocytes increased LXRα and ABCA1 expression, which led to the generation of immature and immunosuppressive Mφ. Although exogenous cholesterol alone had little direct effect on Mφ, it did act synergistically with tumor-derived factors to promote ABCA1 expression in Mφ with more immunosuppressive features. Moreover, high numbers of ABCA1+ Mφ in HCC tumors associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and predicted poor clinical outcome for patients. Our results revealed that dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis, due to the collaborative effects of tumors and exogenous cholesterol, drives the generation of immunosuppressive Mφ. The selective modulation of cholesterol metabolism in Mφ may represent a novel strategy for cancer treatment.