bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External auditory canal meningioma: imaging features in a series of three cases
Authors: Dixon J , Zammit-Maempel I , Hill J
Published: January 2017

Background:

Direct extension of an intracranial meningioma to involve the temporal bone is rare. Recognised sites of origin and routes of access to the middle ear and labyrinthine apparatus have been described. Direct spread through the temporal bone to primarily involve the external auditory canal has not been widely reported in the literature.

Case reports:

This paper discusses clinical and radiological findings in three cases of temporal bone meningioma presenting as masses within the external auditory canal.

Conclusion:

Diagnosing temporal meningioma can be challenging because of its rarity and the often non-specific clinical and histological findings. It is important for both the surgeon and radiologist to be aware of the diagnosis and its related imaging findings in order to facilitate a timely diagnosis.
Wandering Dhamma and transnational fellowship: Addiction, aspiration and belonging among ethnic minorities on the northern Thai border
Authors: Vorng Sophorntavy
Published: January 2017

This article compares Buddhist and Christian approaches to the drug problem among ethnic minorities in northern Thailand. Government programmes implemented through Buddhist monasteries aim to construct Buddhist subjects and realise agendas of national security in border areas. Yet, they also offer development support and access to resources. Meanwhile, gospel rehabilitation centres provide much-needed drug treatment services while drawing highlanders into transnational spheres of Christian fellowship. Consequently, I argue that the relationship between ethnic minorities and the state can be defined in terms of aspiration and negotiation, as well as resistance and evasion, as has been previously argued in the literature.
An Oroch word-list lost and rediscovered: a critical edition of Tronson's 1859 pseudo-Nivkh vocabulary
Authors: Alonso de la Fuente José Andrés
Published: January 2017

J.M. Tronson believed that the language of the word-list which he collected in 1856 on the Lower Amur, and published twice in 1859 was Nivkh. Among contemporary scholars, only Roman Jakobson noted that the language of Tronson's word-list is not Nivkh, but Tungusic. Unfortunately, neither Jakobson nor other specialists have specified what language that might be. We confirm E.G. Ravenstein's unnoticed assertion of 1861 that the language is Oroch and, from this new perspective, we offer a critical edition of Tronson's pseudo-Nivkh word-list.
Dilemmas of race, register, and inequality in South Africa
Authors: Collins James
Published: January 2017

There is strong evidence that legacies of Apartheid remain in place in South Africa's education system, entangling economic inequality, racial categorization, and de facto language hierarchy. This study draws from an ethnographic study of language diversity in a Cape Town public school, focusing on how classroom practices regulate and school staff frame language diversity and social inequality among their pupils. It uses the concepts of language register, sociolinguistic scale, and racialization to analyze how education policy, classroom practices, and school discourses about language in South Africa implicate class and racial hierarchies. It shows how register analysis reveals multi-scaled connections between linguistic and social inequality. (Language registers, education, social inequality, South Africa)*
Hereditary quasirandomness without regularity
Authors: CONLON DAVID , FOX JACOB , SUDAKOV BENNY
Published: January 2017

A result of Simonovits and Sós states that for any fixed graph H and any ε > 0 there exists δ > 0 such that if G is an n-vertex graph with the property that every S ⊆ V(G) contains pe(H) |S|v(H) ± δ nv(H) labelled copies of H, then G is quasirandom in the sense that every S ⊆ V(G) contains $\frac{1}{2}$p|S|2± ε n2 edges. The original proof of this result makes heavy use of the regularity lemma, resulting in a bound on δ−1 which is a tower of twos of height polynomial in ε−1. We give an alternative proof of this theorem which avoids the regularity lemma and shows that δ may be taken to be linear in ε when H is a clique and polynomial in ε for general H. This answers a problem raised by Simonovits and Sós.
Institutions and the colonisation of Africa: some lessons from French colonial economics
Authors: ZOUACHE ABDALLAH
Published: January 2017

This paper will propose a comparative analysis of the conceptualization of colonisation that could shed light on the contemporary economic analysis of the colonial legacy in Africa. More specifically, this article will propose a return to old debates on colonisation, with a special focus on French 19th century political economy. Three main institutionalist lessons can be drawn from a careful analysis of French colonial economics of the 19th century. First, by institutions, the authors referred not only to the modes of colonisation – liberalism or collectivism? – but also to the actors: What should be the respective role of states and of private actors (entrepreneurs, banks, settlers) in the colonisation of Africa? Second, the colonial debates involved a discussion of property, whether in the sense of land ownership (individual vs. collective) or under the prism of property rights. Third, the analysis of the colonisation of Africa by French economists reveals an understanding of institutions as cultural values, norms or even racial attributes.
A comparative study of psychotic and affective symptoms in Rwandan and Kenyan students
Authors: Owoso A. , Jansen S. , Ndetei D. M. , Musau A. , Mutiso V. N. , Mudenge C. , Ngirababyeyi A. , Gasovya A. , Mamah D.
Published: January 2017

Aims.

War and conflict are known to adversely affect mental health, although their effects on risk symptoms for psychosis development in youth in various parts of the world are unclear. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 and Civil War had widespread effects on the population. Despite this, there has been no significant research on psychosis risk in Rwanda. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential effects of genocide and war in two ways: by comparing Rwandan youth born before and after the genocide; and by comparing Rwandan and Kenyan adolescents of similar age.

Methods.

A total of 2255 Rwandan students and 2800 Kenyan students were administered the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen. Prevalence, frequency and functional impairment related to affective and psychosis-risk symptoms were compared across groups using univariate and multivariate statistics.

Results.

Rwandan students born before the end of the genocide and war in 1994 experienced higher psychotic and affective symptom load (p’s < 0.001) with more functional impairment compared with younger Rwandans. 5.35% of older Rwandan students met threshold for clinical high-risk of psychosis by the WERCAP Screen compared with 3.19% of younger Rwandans (χ2 = 5.36; p = 0.02). Symptom severity comparisons showed significant (p < 0.001) group effects between Rwandan and Kenyan secondary school students on affective and psychotic symptom domains with Rwandans having higher symptom burden compared with Kenyans. Rwandan female students also had higher rates of psychotic symptoms compared with their male counterparts – a unique finding not observed in the Kenyan sample.

Conclusions.

These results suggest extreme conflict and disruption to country from genocide and war can influence the presence and severity of psychopathology in youth decades after initial traumatic events.
An Up Close Look at the Megaquakes That Cause Tsunamis
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: January 2017

Researchers recreate changes in the seafloor during Japan's devastating 2011 tsunami.
Binary mixed solvent-based solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples
Authors: Zhu Jing , Wang Qian , Li Mingxin , Ren Lin , Zheng Bo , Zou Xiaoli
Published: January 2017

A method of binary mixed solvent-SD-DLLME with GC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of PAHs in water samples.
Dietary 5-demethylnobiletin inhibits cigarette carcinogen NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Song Mingyue , Wu Xian , Charoensinphon Noppawat , Wang Minqi , Zheng Jinkai , Gao Zili , Xu Fei , Li Zhengze , Li Fang , Zhou Jiazhi , Xiao Hang
Published: January 2017

The inhibitory effects of dietary 5-demethylnobiletin, a unique citrus flavonoid, on NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis and the potential roles of its metabolites are reported.
Thickness-dependent in-plane thermal conductivity of suspended MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Bae Jung Jun , Jeong Hye Yun , Han Gang Hee , Kim Jaesu , Kim Hyun , Kim Min Su , Moon Byoung Hee , Lim Seong Chu , Lee Young Hee
Published: January 2017

We observe that the Fuchs–Sondheimer model works for the thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of MoS2 down to 10 nm in thickness at room temperature, yielding a phonon mean free path of 17 nm for bulk.
Palladium nanoparticles supported on a carbazole functionalized mesoporous organic polymer: synthesis and their application as efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wu Chuanguang , Wu Qiaolin , Guo Bixuan , Liu Wanting , Li Guanghua , Su Qing , Mu Ying
Published: January 2017

Pd nanoparticles supported on a carbazole functionalized mesoporous organic polymer exhibit high performance in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction with good catalytic activity, substrate adaptability and recyclability.
Effect of molten carbonate composition on the generation of carbon material
Authors: Wu Hongjun , Li Zhida , Ji Deqiang , Liu Yue , Yi Guanlin , Yuan Dandan , Wang Baohui , Zhang Zhonghai
Published: January 2017

Ambient CO2 is readily split into zerovalent carbon at diverse electrolytes.
Hybrid membrane biomaterials from self-assembly in polysaccharide and peptide amphiphile mixtures: controllable structural and mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Castelletto V. , Kaur A. , Hamley I. W. , Barnes R. H. , Karatzas K.-A. , Hermida-Merino D. , Swioklo S. , Connon C. J. , Stasiak J. , Reza M. , Ruokolainen J.
Published: January 2017

Macroscopic capsules, with tunable properties based on hierarchical self-assembly on multiple lengthscales, are prepared from the co-operative self-assembly of polysaccharide and peptide amphiphiles.
Tuning the solid-state fluorescence of chalcone crystals via molecular coplanarity and J-aggregate formation
Authors: Yu Fangfang , Wang Mingliang , Sun Hao , Shan Yaqi , Du Man , Khan Arshad , Usman Rabia , Zhang Wei , Shan Hongbin , Xu Chunxiang
Published: January 2017

Eleven crystals of chalcone were obtained. Polymorphism and their solid-state fluorescent properties mainly affected by molecular coplanarity and J-aggregate formation are investigated.
The construction of electrochemical chiral interfaces using hydroxypropyl chitosan
Authors: Li Zhenliang , Mo Zunli , Meng Shujuan , Gao Huhu , Niu Xiaohui , Guo Ruibin , Wei Taibao
Published: January 2017

A simple chiral electrochemical sensor based on hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) covalently bound to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was developed for the recognition of mandelic acid (MA) enantiomers.
Bottom-up design of high-energy-density molecules (N2CO)n (n = 2–8)
Authors: Xin Jing-fan , He Fei-fei , Ding Yi-hong
Published: January 2017

A bottom-up strategy from an HEDM seed (i.e., cyc-N2CO) to novel oligomeric HEDMs was propsed.
Synthesis of star-glycopolymers by Cu(0)-mediated radical polymerisation in the absence and presence of oxygen
Authors: Xue Hui , Peng Lun , Dong Yishi , Zheng Yuqing , Luan Yafei , Hu Xiang , Chen Gaojian , Chen Hong
Published: January 2017

Star glycopolymers were synthesized in the absence and presence of oxygen, and show strong binding to specific lectins.
Towards ultrathin Pt films on nanofibres by surface-limited electrodeposition for electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Ercolano Giorgio , Farina Filippo , Cavaliere Sara , Jones Deborah J. , Rozière Jacques
Published: January 2017

Novel fuel cell nanofibrous electrodes with a higher degree of Pt exploitation and higher durability compared to commercial standards are produced, based on self-standing electrospun CNF webs covered by Pt ultrathin nanoislands deposited by high overpotential pulsed electrodeposition.
Bimetallic Cu–Pd alloy multipods and their highly electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction
Authors: Chen Dong , Sun Pengcheng , Liu Hui , Yang Jun
Published: January 2017

Nanoscale Cu–Pd alloy multipods were synthesizedviathe galvanic replacement reaction for catalyzing formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction.
Template synthesis of CoSe2/Co3Se4 nanotubes: tuning of their crystal structures for photovoltaics and hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium
Authors: Li Hongmei , Qian Xing , Zhu Changli , Jiang Xiancai , Shao Li , Hou Linxi
Published: January 2017

CoSe2 nanotubes have been used as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for both DSSCs and HER in alkaline medium.
Quantum dot probes for cellular analysis
Authors: Ren Dahai , Wang Bin , Hu Chen , You Zheng
Published: January 2017

Highly fluorescent and robust semiconductor nanocrystals (known as quantum dots or QDs) play a pivotal role in biological applications.
Specific detection of cancer cells through aggregation-induced emission of a light-up bioprobe
Authors: Chen Jian , Jiang Hong , Zhou Huipeng , Hu Zhenzhen , Niu Niu , Shahzad Sohail Anjum , Yu Cong
Published: January 2017

A specific cancer cell detection method through the aggregation-induced emission of a light-up bioprobe is developed.
Synthesis and stabilities of peptide-based [1]rotaxanes: molecular grafting onto lasso peptide scaffolds
Authors: Saito Fumito , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2017

Proteolytically stable lasso peptides are formed by grafting peptide epitopes onto peptide-based [1]rotaxanes by dual native chemical ligation and KAHA ligation.
Correction: Vacuum-process-based dry transfer of active layer with solvent additive for efficient organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Lee Jong Hwa , Kim Kang Min , Jang Woongsik , Ahn Sunyong , Kim Young Yun , Park O. Ok , Wang Dong Hwan
Published: January 2017

Correction for ‘Vacuum-process-based dry transfer of active layer with solvent additive for efficient organic photovoltaic devices’ by Jong Hwa Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6tc04743b.
Correction: Preparation of multi-layer graphene on nickel-coated silicon microchannel plates by a hydrothermal carbonization procedure and its improved field emission properties
Authors: Wu Dajun , Zhang Chi , Liang Cheng , Zhu Yiping , Xu Shaohui , Xiong Dayuan , Xue Shaolin , Wang Lianwei , Chu Paul K.
Published: January 2017

Correction for ‘Preparation of multi-layer graphene on nickel-coated silicon microchannel plates by a hydrothermal carbonization procedure and its improved field emission properties’ by Dajun Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4, 2079–2087.
Measuring Clinician–Client Relationships in Speech-Language Treatment for School-Age Children
Authors: Ebert Kerry Danahy
Published: January 2017

Purpose

Clinician–client relationships may influence treatment success in speech-language pathology, but there are no established tools for measuring these relationships. This study describes the development and application of a set of scales for assessing clinician–client relationships in children's speech-language treatment.

Method

Twenty-two triads of participants completed a longitudinal study. Each triad had 1 school-age child enrolled in speech-language treatment, 1 caregiver, and 1 speech-language pathologist (SLP). The clinician–client relationship scales were administered to all 3 types of participants at study onset and again 2 weeks later. Treatment progress measures were collected 4 months later. Analyses established the reliability and validity of the clinician–client relationship scales.

Results

Adequate internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were established for all 3 versions of the scale (child, caregiver, and SLP). Convergent validity was moderate between SLPs and children but lower when caregivers were included. Predictive validity analyses established significant relationships between caregiver and SLP ratings of the clinician–client relationship and future treatment progress.

Conclusions

This exploratory study established the viability of the clinician–client relationship scales for further development and application. The importance of establishing and utilizing measures of the clinician–client relationship in speech-language pathology is discussed.
Tone Attrition in Mandarin Speakers of Varying English Proficiency
Authors: Quam Carolyn , Creel Sarah C.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the degree of dominance of Mandarin–English bilinguals' languages affects phonetic processing of tone content in their native language, Mandarin.

Method

We tested 72 Mandarin–English bilingual college students with a range of language-dominance profiles in the 2 languages and ages of acquisition of English. Participants viewed 2 photographs at a time while hearing a familiar Mandarin word referring to 1 photograph. The names of the 2 photographs diverged in tone, vowels, or both. Word recognition was evaluated using clicking accuracy, reaction times, and an online recognition measure (gaze) and was compared in the 3 conditions.

Results

Relative proficiency in English was correlated with reduced word recognition success in tone-disambiguated trials, but not in vowel-disambiguated trials, across all 3 dependent measures. This selective attrition for tone content emerged even though all bilinguals had learned Mandarin from birth. Lengthy experience with English thus weakened tone use.

Conclusions

This finding has implications for the question of the extent to which bilinguals' 2 phonetic systems interact. It suggests that bilinguals may not process pitch information language-specifically and that processing strategies from the dominant language may affect phonetic processing in the nondominant language—even when the latter was learned natively.
Comparing fuel consumption based on normalised driving behaviour: a case study on major cities in China
Authors: Shi Bin , Xu Li , Jiang Hong , Meng Wuqiang
Published: January 2017

Fuel economy is closely related to driving style, traffic situation, and urban geomorphic environment. In this study, the authors propose to compare fuel consumption based on normalised driving behaviour. A personalised driver model is established for each driver by using the locally designed neural network and the real‐world vehicle test data. Driving behaviour is normalised by employing the personalised model to conduct the speed‐following task as defined by standard driving cycle test. Based on the normalised driving behaviour, an aggressiveness index is used to quantitatively evaluate the driving style, and a fuel index is proposed to estimate the fuel consumption. A case study is conducted on the fuel consumption comparison in four major cities in China, namely, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Nanjing. Computational results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Evaluation of the effects of in‐vehicle traffic lights on driving performances for unsignalised intersections
Authors: Yang Bo , Zheng Rencheng , Shimono Keisuke , Kaizuka Tsutomu , Nakano Kimihiko
Published: January 2017

Ground traffic lights are essential for maintaining traffic efficiency and safety at intersections. However, unsignallised intersections are still frequent in actual traffic environments. With the development of new forms of vehicular communication, in‐vehicle traffic lights can assist drivers at unsignallised intersections. The authors proposed two types of in‐vehicle traffic lights to assist drivers; these corresponded to two‐way and all‐way stop‐controlled intersections. They adopted gap acceptance theory and a first‐come‐first‐served strategy to determine passing priority for the two types of intersections, respectively. They then conducted a driving simulator experiment involving 23 participants, to investigate driver behaviours elicited by the proposed system. They prepared four experimental conditions with combinations of in‐vehicle traffic lights and auditory warnings. The authors’ experimental results indicated that in‐vehicle traffic lights were associated with significantly longer post‐encroachment times and a significantly shorter maximum brake stroke. In terms of eye‐gaze behaviours, the percentage of gaze concentration to the road centre area and mean glance durations were deemed acceptable for the avoidance of visual distraction, when in‐vehicle traffic lights were presented via a head‐up display. Therefore, their analysis of driver behaviours indicates that in‐vehicle traffic lights can effectively provide driver assistance at unsignallised intersections.
Forbidden Tastes: Queering the Palate in Anglophone Indian Fiction
Authors: Ray Shakuntala
Published: January 2017

The ideology of ‘purity’, normalcy and hierarchy through food and its relations is a postcolonial, feminist, queer issue. In an increasingly intolerant Hindutva political climate in India, a politics of enforced vegetarianism-based-purity as a mark of authenticity and ideal national identity intersects with liberalisation of the economy and globalisation of tastes to produce complex hierarchies of taste and ideas of culinary belonging. Given that literary and other cultural products can play an influential role in issues of social change, my paper critically investigates how queer contemporary anglophone Indian fiction reworks dominant attitudes towards abjection through consumption, queering the approach to disgust as a stable marker of unbelonging in the contexts of postcoloniality and the transnational. Specifically, I examine approaches to abjection through food and discuss transgression through food as a postcolonial re-reading of disgust-based politics and aesthetics in two novels: The Boyfriend (2003) by author and gay-activist R. Raj Rao, and A Life Apart (2010) by writer-reviewer Neel Mukherjee—both of whom are part of an emerging group of authors writing in English and explicitly dealing with male same-sex desire in the subcontinent and the diaspora. Using a transnational and intersectional queer feminist lens on disgust and queering through food, I discuss how by challenging the hidden codes of a disgust-based gastro-politics and aesthetics in culture, The Boyfriend and A Life Apart reveal new spaces of sovereignty and self-expression in the everyday. In the process, I show how they provide fresh positions of resistance and subjectivity that complicate narrow ideas of belonging—national, diasporic and bodily—the production of which becomes crucial in the context of carving out a transnational queer (gastro) aesthetics and politics.
Finite-dimensional colored fluctuation-dissipation theorem for spin systems
Authors: Nicolis Stam , Thibaudeau Pascal , Tranchida Julien
Published: January 2017

When nano-magnets are coupled to random external sources, their magnetization becomes a random variable, whose properties are defined by an induced probability density, that can be reconstructed from its moments, using the Langevin equation, for mapping the noise to the dynamical degrees of freedom. When the spin dynamics is discretized in time, a general fluctuation-dissipation theorem, valid for non-Markovian noise, can be established, even when zero modes are present. We discuss the subtleties that arise, when Gilbert damping is present and the mapping between noise and spin degrees of freedom is non–linear.
Tailoring circular magnetic domain structure and high frequency magneto-impedance of melt-extracted Co69.25Fe4.25Si13B13.5 microwires through Nb doping
Authors: Eggers T. , Thiabgoh O. , Jiang S. D. , Shen H. X. , Liu J. S. , Sun J. F. , Srikanth H. , Phan M. H.
Published: January 2017

The surface roughness, surface magnetic domain structure (SMDS), and high frequency magneto-impedance (MI) response of melt-extracted Co69.25Fe4.25Si13B13.5 microwires with 1 at.% Nb substitution for B have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and impedance analyzer, respectively. We show that the Nb doping significantly increases the domain width from 729 to 1028 nm, while preserving the low surface roughness (∼2 nm) of the base composition. As a result, a greater improvement of the high frequency MI response (∼300%/Oe at 20 MHz) is achieved in the Nb-doped microwire. A well-defined circumferential anisotropy formed with Nb-substitution is key to a highly sensitive MI field sensor.
The contribution of propagons and diffusons in heat transport through calcium-silicate-hydrates
Authors: Zhou Yun , Morshedifard Ali , Lee Jaeho , Abdolhosseini Qomi Mohammad Javad
Published: January 2017

Whether it is glass, ceramics, cement, or concrete, minimizing thermal conduction through disordered materials is a determining factor when it comes to reducing the energy consumption of cities. In this work, we explore underlying physical processes involved in thermal conduction through the disordered glue of cement, calcium-silicate-hydrates (CSH). We find that at 300 K, phonon-like propagating modes in accordance with the Boltzmann transport theory, propagons, account for more than 30% of the total thermal conductivity, while diffusons, described via the Allen-Feldman theory, contribute to the remainder. The cumulative thermal conductivity proves to be close to both equilibrium molecular dynamics calculations and experimental values. These findings help us establish different strategies, such as localization schemes (to weaken diffusons) and scattering mechanisms (to constrain propagons), for reduction of thermal conductivity of CSH without sacrificing its mechanical properties.
Engineering Isoreticular 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Inherent Structural Flexibility
Authors: Burgun Alexandre , Bloch Witold M. , Doonan Christian J. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: January 2017

The chemical mutability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an advantageous feature that allows fine-tuning of their physical and chemical properties. Herein, we report the successful isoreticulation of a MOF with an outstanding gas selectivity for CO2 versus N2: [Cu(L1)(H2O)]·xS (CuL1), where H2L1 = bis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolyl)methane) and S = solvate. By modifying the steric bulk and length of the original ligand, we synthesised three new MOFs with 2D networks isoreticular to CuL1, namely [Cu(L1Me)(H2O)]·xS (CuL1Me), [Cu(L2)(H2O)]·xS (CuL2), and [Cu(L2Me)(H2O)]·xS (CuL2Me) (where H2L1Me = bis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolyl)methane, H2L2 = bis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-(ethyne-2,1-yl)-1H-pyrazolyl)methane, and H2L2Me = bis(4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-(ethyne-2,1-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolyl)methane). Depending on the steric hindrance and structure metrics of the organic links, staggered and eclipsed arrangements of 2D 44 net layers were obtained. The anisotropy of the pore dimensions is proportional to the linker length (L2 and L2Me), which when increased, renders these materials non-porous. However, the more sterically demanding ligand L1Me gives a material that shows gate-opening behaviour in response to a CO2 absorbate. The synthesis and structure of an unexpected mixed-valence CuII/CuI 3D MOF, Cu3[Cu(L2Me)2]2(H2O)4]·xS (Cu5(L2Me)4), containing an unusual trimeric CuII node are also reported.
Vagueness
Authors: Diez-Arroyo Marisa
Published: January 2017

The language of fashion is often set as the example of a field where the use of loanwords is common practice, but has seldom been worthy of scholarly analytical attention. At the same time, vagueness is usually regarded as an inherent characteristic in natural language, but, until recently, terminology relegated it, since the traditional approaches tended to prioritise accuracy and standardisation. With the help of a combined theoretical basis, a semantic theory and a pragmatic model, this paper brings together these two worlds in order to examine the English loanword ‘print’ in the domain of Spanish fashion, contrasting and comparing it with native near-equivalents. We conclude that the presence of this borrowed term, exclusively restricted to specialised fashion circles, cannot be motivated by its contribution to specificity, a characteristic that usually distinguishes loanwords from their semantic near-equivalents in the recipient language. The importance of ‘print’ lies in its unspecified, vague nature as a loan, which permits its adaptation to a variety of fashion contexts less appropriate for the more restricted denotation of the native terms.
Management discourse in university administrative documents in Sweden
Authors: Ledin Per , Machin David
Published: January 2017

Studies in CDA have revealed the nature of the marketized language that now infuses universities and other public institutions, but there is no comprehensive study as to how this language enters the everyday practices of the university through different levels of steering documents and meetings. In this paper, taking one example from a corpus of data from a larger project on New Public Management in Sweden, we show how successively more detailed documents are created by professional administrators in order to present vision statements, that are first operationalized into strategies and then into more concrete ‘activities’ for the subject level that are related to bundles of performance indicators. These documents re-contextualize practices of teaching and research in line with marketized goals, yet do so through consistent lack of clear agency, causality and process. A number of linguistic and multimodal resources are deployed in a chain of interrelated documents legitimizing this process as one made by careful, technical, management expertise, although the result is a fragmentation of the actual interconnected processes that comprise university work.
Are fast radio bursts wandering narrow beams?
Authors: Katz J. I.
Published: January 2017

It is generally assumed that the sources of fast radio bursts (FRB) radiate roughly isotropically, so that the observed low duty cycle of any individual source indicates a similar low duty cycle of its radio-frequency emission. An alternative hypothesis is that the radiative duty cycle is ${\cal O}(1)$, but that the radiation is emitted in a beam with a solid angle comparable to the observed duty cycle, whose direction wanders or sweeps across the sky. This hypothesis relaxes the extreme power demands of isotropically radiating models of FRB at the price of multiplying the number of sources. The constraints on pulsar models are relaxed; rather than being unprecedentedly fast-spinning and highly magnetized with short spin-down times, their parameters may be closer to those of typical radio pulsars. In general, it is not possible to distinguish intermittent isotropic emission from wandering beams on purely phenomenological grounds.
A Dimorphic and Virulence-Enhancing Endosymbiont Bacterium Discovered in Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Obasa Ken , White Frank F. , Fellers John , Kennelly Megan , Liu Sanzhen , Katz Benjamin , Tomich John , Moore David , Shinogle Heather , Kelley Karen
Published: January 2017

The ubiquitous soilborne and plant-pathogenic basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani, although classified as a single species, is a complex of anastomosis groups (AGs) that cause disease in a broad range of higher plants. Here, we investigated the persistent co-isolation of bacteria with R. solani from brown patch-infected, cool-season turfgrasses, and report the presence of endo-hyphal bacteria, related to members in the genus Enterobacter, in an isolate of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB. The intracellular localization of the bacteria was corroborated by fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy, and DNA analysis. Furthermore, the Enterobacter sp., which is rod-shaped in the free-living form, exists as an L-form (spheroid) within the fungus, a phenomenon not previously reported in endosymbionts. Our findings also indicate that the bacterium is required for full virulence of R. solani on creeping bentgrass and production of wild type levels of the toxin phenylacetic acid in fungal cultures. The possible presence of bacterial endosymbionts in R. solani AG 2-2IIIB may portend the presence of bacteria in additional AGs as well as other Rhizoctonia species, and may help resolve some of the complexities of R. solani pathogenicity. A closely associated bacterium could influence aspects of plant host pathology.
Workplace Challenges
Authors: Adams Ellise D.
Published: January 2017

This article reviews 2 workplace challenges faced by the perinatal nurse: the impact of personal beliefs and issues within the birth environment. It also explores how these challenges inform the birth practices of the perinatal nurse. The methods employed for this review are focus groups and a concept analysis. Two focus groups (n = 14) and a concept analysis based on a process defined by Walker and Avant provided a set of birth practices performed by the perinatal nurse who facilitates normal birth. Assertiveness was identified as a primary attribute of the perinatal nurse and several suggestions are identified as empirical referents or methods of measuring the abstract concepts, to identify the workplace challenges of the perinatal nurse. Development of effective processes, designed to overcome the many challenges facing the perinatal nurse, will assist in improving perinatal care for women and newborns.
Morphologic Reproducibility, Genotyping, and Immunohistochemical Profiling Do Not Support a Category of Seromucinous Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Rambau Peter F. , McIntyre John B. , Taylor Jennifer , Lee Sandra , Ogilvie Travis , Sienko Anna , Morris Don , Duggan Máire A. , McCluggage W. Glenn , Köbel Martin
Published: January 2017

The 2014 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs endorsed the new category of seromucinous carcinoma, a neoplasm that exhibits morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with other histotypes of ovarian carcinoma. The goal of this study was to determine whether seromucinous carcinoma was a distinct histotype by assessing its diagnostic reproducibility and comparing its molecular composition to the 5 major histotypes of ovarian carcinoma. Thirty-two tumors diagnosed as seromucinous carcinomas from 2 centers were studied. Eighteen cases were randomly selected for a review set comprising a total of 50 ovarian carcinomas of various histotypes. Morphologic histotype was independently assessed by 4 pathologists. For the 32 seromucinous carcinomas, a histotype-specific immunophenotype was assigned using a diagnostic immunohistochemical panel. Histotype-specific genotype was assigned using a combination of immunohistochemistry and targeted next-generation sequencing for somatic mutations, including genes recurrently mutated in ovarian carcinomas. There was low to modest agreement between pathologists with the reference diagnosis of seromucinous carcinoma, ranging from 39% to 56% for the 4 observers. The immunophenotype was not unique but overlapped predominantly with endometrioid and to a lesser extent with mucinous and low-grade serous carcinoma. Genomic and immunohistochemical alterations were detected in a number of target genes, including KRAS (70%), PIK3CA (37%), PTEN (19%), and ARID1A (16%); no CTNNB1 mutations were identified. Nine cases (30%) harbored concurrent KRAS/PIK3CA mutations. An endometrioid genotype was assigned to 19 cases, a low-grade serous genotype to 9, and a mucinous genotype to 1 and 3 cases were uninformative. Integrating morphology, immunophenotype, and genotyping resulted in reclassifying the seromucinous carcinomas to endometrioid 23/32 (72%), low-grade serous 8/32 (25%), and mucinous 1/32 (3%). The morphologic diagnosis of seromucinous carcinomas is not very reliable and it does not exhibit a distinct immunophenotype or genotype. The molecular features overlap mostly with endometrioid and low-grade serous carcinomas. Our data suggest the category of seromucinous carcinoma be discontinued as ancillary molecular tests can assign cases to one of the major histotypes.
Clinicopathological Study of 30 Cases of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma with Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg-like B-cells from Japan
Authors: Eladl Ahmed E. , Satou Akira , Elsayed Ahmed Ali , Suzuki Yuka , Kato Seiichi , Asano Naoko , Nakamura Shigeo
Published: January 2017

The presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like B-cells in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is rare and its clinicopathological features still remain unclear. Here, we describe 30 cases of PTCL with HRS-like B-cells from Japan. Twenty-three cases (77%) presented evidence of follicular T-helper phenotype (TFH) derivation: 12 were angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and 11 PTCL with TFH phenotype (PTCL-TFH). The remaining seven cases were diagnosed as PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation was detected in 25 cases (83%), but HRS-like B-cells were EBER+ in only 20 cases (67%). The median age at diagnosis was 77 years (range, 39-91 y), including 24 patients (80%) were older than 60 years of age. Most of the patients presented at an advanced clinical stage and were associated with higher risk according to the International Prognostic Index. The 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 44% and 27%, respectively. No significant clinicopathological differences were detected between PTCL-TFH, PTCL-NOS and the angioimmunoblastic cases. Cases with EBER+ HRS-like B-cells were associated with inferior overall and progression-free survival compared to those with EBER− HRS-like B-cells, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, HRS-like B-cells were found in a subset of T-cell lymphomas, especially in association with the TFH phenotype and EBV reactivation. These cells have a tendency to affect elderly patients and to be associated with advanced clinical stages and dismal prognosis. The EBV status of HRS-like B-cells does not seem to affect the clinicopathological features of this group of PTCLs.
Reporting Surgical Resection Margin Status for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Cates Justin M.M.
Published: January 2017

Multiple different schemes are used to assess surgical resection margins in orthopedic pathology, but which is optimal for reporting resection margin status of osteosarcoma is uncertain. Moreover, the minimum tumor clearance (metric width of resection margin) necessary for local control is not well defined. In this investigation, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) R system, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) system, and margin distance method for reporting resection margin status were compared in a series of 186 high-grade osteosarcomas. Hazard ratios for local recurrence for each resection margin category were compared with other categories within each margin assessment scheme to assess discriminatory ability. Cross-model comparisons of regression coefficients from parametric survival and logistic regression models were also performed. Predictive accuracy of each margin assessment scheme for determining 2-year local recurrence-free survival was evaluated by comparing the areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves generated from logistic regression analyses. Concordance with clinical outcomes was also calculated. Both the MSTS and margin distance schemes showed significantly greater predictive accuracy and concordance with observed outcomes than the AJCC R system. A margin distance of ≥2 mm significantly decreased the risk of local recurrence. Results were similar after adjustment for confounding prognostic factors (anatomic site, macroscopic lymphovascular invasion, and chemotherapy status). Therefore, surgical resection margins for osteosarcoma should be reported using either the MSTS or margin distance method instead of the AJCC R system.
Collaborative Public Health Investigation of Clenbuterol-Adulterated Heroin Outbreak—Richmond, Virginia, March-April 2015
Authors: Gleason Brigette , West Angela , Avula Danny , Utah Okey , Vogt Marshall , Cumpston Kirk , Kelly Michael , Brasler Paul , Wyatt Shane , Forlano Laurie
Published: January 2017

Context:

In March 2015, the Virginia Department of Health (VDH) was alerted by the Virginia Poison Center of a 6-patient cluster treated for severe clinical presentations after using heroin. Patients' symptoms were atypical for heroin use, and concern existed that patients were exposed to heroin that had been adulterated with or replaced by another substance.

Objective:

To understand the extent and characterization of the outbreak and implement response measures to prevent further cases. The purpose of this report is to highlight the collaborative nature of a public health investigation among a diverse group of stakeholders.

Design:

Active surveillance and retrospective case finding.

Setting:

Richmond metro area community and hospitals.

Participants:

Regional poison centers, the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, community partners, local law enforcement, and multiple VDH divisions.

Intervention:

Outbreak investigation, communication to public health professionals, clinicians, and the community, and liaising with the local law enforcement.

Main Outcome Measures:

Outbreak control.

Results:

Laboratory confirmation of clenbuterol in clinical specimens implicated it as the heroin adulterant. Thirteen patients met clinical and epidemiologic criteria for exposure to clenbuterol-adulterated heroin. All patients were associated with a localized area within Richmond, and patient interviews elucidated heroin supplier information. VDH collaborated with local law enforcement agents who investigated and arrested the supplier, leading to cessation of the outbreak.

Conclusion:

This outbreak highlights the value of policies and practices that support an integrated outbreak response among public health practitioners, poison center staff, laboratorians, clinicians, law enforcement agents, community groups, and other agencies. Collaboration enabled implementation of effective control measures—including those outside the purview of the health department—and should be standard practice in future outbreaks involving illicit substances.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a State-Funded Healthy Homes Program for Residents With Asthma: Findings From the New York State Healthy Neighborhoods Program
Authors: Gomez Marta , Reddy Amanda L. , Dixon Sherry L. , Wilson Jonathan , Jacobs David E.
Published: January 2017

Context:

Despite considerable evidence that the economic and other benefits of asthma home visits far exceed their cost, few health care payers reimburse or provide coverage for these services.

Objective:

To evaluate the cost and savings of the asthma intervention of a state-funded healthy homes program.

Design:

Pre- versus postintervention comparisons of asthma outcomes for visits conducted during 2008-2012.

Setting:

The New York State Healthy Neighborhoods Program operates in select communities with a higher burden of housing-related illness and associated risk factors.

Participants:

One thousand households with 550 children and 731 adults with active asthma; 791 households with 448 children and 551 adults with asthma events in the previous year.

Intervention:

The program provides home environmental assessments and low-cost interventions to address asthma trigger–promoting conditions and asthma self-management. Conditions are reassessed 3 to 6 months after the initial visit.

Main Outcome Measures:

Program costs and estimated benefits from changes in asthma medication use, visits to the doctor for asthma, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations over a 12-month follow-up period.

Results:

For the asthma event group, the per person savings for all medical encounters and medications filled was $1083 per in-home asthma visit, and the average cost of the visit was $302, for a benefit to program cost ratio of 3.58 and net benefit of $781 per asthma visit. For the active asthma group, per person savings was $613 per asthma visit, with a benefit to program cost ratio of 2.03 and net benefit of $311.

Conclusion:

Low-intensity, home-based, environmental interventions for people with asthma decrease the cost of health care utilization. Greater reductions are realized when services are targeted toward people with more poorly controlled asthma. While low-intensity approaches may produce more modest benefits, they may also be more feasible to implement on a large scale. Health care payers, and public payers in particular, should consider expanding coverage, at least for patients with poorly controlled asthma or who may be at risk for poor asthma control, to include services that address triggers in the home environment.
Mechanical activation of epithelial Na+channel relies on an interdependent activity of the extracellular matrix and extracellularN-glycans of αENaC
Authors: Knoepp Fenja , Ashley Zoe , Barth Daniel , Kazantseva Marina , Szczesniak Pawel P. , Clauss Wolfgang G. , Althaus Mike , Rosa Diego Alvarez de la , Fronius Martin
Published: January 2017

Mechanotransduction describes how cells perceive their mechanical environment and mechanosensitive ion channels are important for this process. ENaC (epithelial Na+channel)/DEG (degenerin) proteins form mechanosensitive ion channels and it is hypothesized their interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM)via‘tethers’ is required for mechanotransduction. Channels formed by vertebrate α, β and γ ENaC proteins are activated by shear force (SF) and mediate electrolyte/fluid-homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Here, we report an interdependent activity of ENaC and the ECM that mediates SF effects in murine arteries and heterologously expressed channels. Furthermore, replacement of conserved extracellularN-glycosylated asparagines of αENaC decreased the SF response indicating that the attachedN-glycans provide a connection to the ECM. Insertion ofN-glycosylation sites into a channel subunit, innately lacking these motifs, increased its SF response. These experiments confirm an interdependent channel/ECM activity of mechanosensitive ENaC channel and highlight the role of channelN-glycans as new constituents for the translation of mechanical force into cellular signals.
CrosstalkNet: mining large-scale bipartite co-expression networks to characterize epi-stroma crosstalk
Authors: Manem Venkata , Adam George , Gruosso Tina , Gigoux Mathieu , Bertos Nicholas , Park Morag , Haibe-Kains Benjamin
Published: January 2017

Background:

Over the last several years, we have witnessed the metamorphosis of network biology from being a mere representation of molecular interactions to models enabling inference of complex biological processes. Networks provide promising tools to elucidate intercellular interactions that contribute to the functioning of key biological pathways in a cell. However, the exploration of these large-scale networks remains a challenge due to their high-dimensionality.

Results:

CrosstalkNet is a user friendly, web-based network visualization tool to retrieve and mine interactions in large-scale bipartite co-expression networks. In this study, we discuss the use of gene co-expression networks to explore the rewiring of interactions between tumor epithelial and stromal cells. We show how CrosstalkNet can be used to efficiently visualize, mine, and interpret large co-expression networks representing the crosstalk occurring between the tumour and its microenvironment.

Conclusion:

CrosstalkNet serves as a tool to assist biologists and clinicians in exploring complex, large interaction graphs to obtain insights into the biological processes that govern the tumor epithelial-stromal crosstalk. A comprehensive tutorial along with case studies are provided with the application.

Availability:

The web-based application is available at the following location:http://epistroma.pmgenomics.ca/app/. The code is open-source and freely available fromhttp://github.com/bhklab/EpiStroma-webapp.

Contact:

bhaibeka@uhnresearch.ca