bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Optimization of Green Method for Antihistamine Using Ecofriendly Reagent in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Microwave Assisted Spectrophotometry
Authors: Amina Mumtaz Amina Mumtaz , Sajjad ul Hassan and Shafaq Mubarak Sajjad ul Hassan and Shafaq Mubarak
Published: January 2022

Synthetic substances and solvents utilized in investigation of drugs crumble the earth as well as human health. So attempts should be made to minimize or eliminate the utilization of obnoxious chemicals and solvents. The objective of study is to develop the green spectroscopic method using new ecofriendly chromogenic reagent for the evaluation of antihistamine i.e. desloratadine in pure and commercial dosage forms. Both heating systems (conventional and microwave assisted procedures) are used for the development of color. The method is based on formation of stable blue coloured complex with ammonium molybdate in the presence of acid having λmax at 732nm respectively. All the reaction conditions and different statistic parameters for the proposed methods have been studied. The method is found to be rapid, precise and accurate and can be successfully used for the determination of antihistamines in bulk and commercial tablet formulations.
Synthesis, Characterization and X-Ray Crystal Structure of the New Schiff Base and Anticandidal Evaluation
Authors: Mehmet Poyraz Mehmet Poyraz , Musa Sari Musa Sari , Halil Berber Halil Berber , Nursenem Karaca and Fatih Demirci Nursenem Karaca and Fatih Demirci
Published: January 2022

A new Schiff base, namely 2-methoxy-6-((2-(4 nitrophenyl) hydrazineylidene) methyl)phenol was synthesized and characterized by melting points, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR and UV-VIS spectra). The chemical structure of compound was further confirmed by single crystal structural X-ray diffraction. The Schiff base is crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O-H…O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy “-O-” atom and the methoxy “-O-” atom. Furthermore, the synthesized Schiff base was tested for the in vitro anticandidal activities using CLSI broth microdilution method against human pathogenic Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei standard strains. In the anticandidal activity test results, the new Schiff base was found to be effective at 1 mg/mL - 0.25 mg/mL concentrations. (The last line omitted) (The sentence marked in red will be deleted)
Synthesis of an Efficient Pb Adsorption Nano-Crystal under Strong Alkali Hydrothermal Environment Using a Gemini Surfactant as Directing Agent
Authors: Chen Chen Chen Chen , Ting Cheng Ting Cheng , Xiao Zhang Xiao Zhang , Ruixin Wu and Qingying Wang Ruixin Wu and Qingying Wang
Published: January 2022

Using a gemini surfactant ([C18H37(CH3)2-N+-(CH2)3-N+-(CH3)2C18H37]Cl2) as the directing agent, K2SiO3 and KAlO2 as the source of silicon and aluminum, a Nano-crystal has been successfully synthesized under a strong alkali hydrothermal condition. The material shows hexahedron morphology and its crystal size is between around 250-500 nm. Its liquid specific surface area is 1313.2 m2and#183;g-1. The adsorption process of Pb on the Nano-crystal follows quasi-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The maximum Pb adsorption capacity of Nano-crystal is around 1105 mgand#183;g-1.
Synthesis and Kinetic Investigations for the Isomerization Process of 2–Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Omar A Shareef Omar A Shareef , Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq
Published: January 2022

The wide biological activities of flavanones are mainly depends on their physical and chemical properties, thus a number of substituted 2-Hydroxy chalcones have been synthesized, and their isomerization to their corresponding flavanones was studied. In order to determine the rate constant, kinetic experiments were performed using HPLC technique in (9:1) (CH3CN:H2O) medium at different temperature (298-318) K. The obtained results were interpreted by four steps mechanism, which considered the existence of phenoxide ion as the key intermediate.
This study performed with a pseudo first order ( reaction in which the rate for the studied compounds follow the sequence 5 andgt; 2 andgt; 1 andgt; 4 andgt; 3, the activation energy have the same sequence for these compounds .The effect of substituents on the rate showed that electronic and steric factors play reasonable role on the stability of the product .
Performance Evaluation of Fenton Oxidation Treatment Method for the Reuse of Reactive Dyeing Effluent
Authors: Sana Islam Sana Islam , Irfan Ahmed Shaikh Irfan Ahmed Shaikh , Nabeela Firdous Nabeela Firdous , Azhar Ali and Yumna Sadef Azhar Ali and Yumna Sadef
Published: January 2022

In this study, a novel wash-off method was investigated wherein the use of Fenton’s reagent was evaluated to get rid of hydrolyzed and unfixed reactive dyes from wash-off liquor and reused in next wash-off process. After dark shade dyeing (5% o.w.f) with C.I. Reactive Blue 72, C.I. Reactive Blue 221, C.I. Reactive Red 141, C.I. Reactive Red 198, C.I. Reactive Orange 84, C.I. Reactive Orange 122, C.I. Reactive Yellow 105 and C.I. Reactive Yellow 138 , fabrics were subjected to both clean water (reference) and treated wash-off liquors (batch) and comparisons were made. Fenton reagent was proved capable to achieve 88-97% color reduction in wash-off liquor at pH 3 by using optimal dose of FeSO4 and H2O2 at room temperature. Then effectiveness of Fenton’s reagent treated wash-off was evaluated in terms of color difference values (ΔL*, ΔC*, Δh* and ΔE*), wash fastness and crocking properties. For color fastness properties the commercially tolerable value of ΔE*≤1 was observed for blue and red dyes and slightly higher value for yellow and orange dyes. Wash fastness and crocking results are almost similar for reference and batch dyed fabrics and their values ranges 4-5 on grey scale. Color strength (K/S) showed negligible difference in values indicating that fabrics absorbed almost same amount of dyestuff for each dye .Fenton method of treatment proved to be an eco-friendly and economically feasible treatment method and treated liquor can be effectively used in next dyeing, without compromising quality parameters.
Synthesıs and Characterızatıon of New Trıazole and Coumarın-Derived Heterocyclıc Compounds Part I
Authors: Nurhan G mr k o lu Nurhan G mr k o lu , Muhammad Imran and Inam Iqbal Muhammad Imran and Inam Iqbal
Published: January 2022

Synthesis of ethyl ester of acetic acid containing 5-oxo-[1,2,4] triazole ring (2) was achieved by the condensation of 3-substituted-4-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one (1) with ethyl bromoacetate in basic medium. Compound 2, was then further reacted with hydrazine hydrate to form acid hydrazide, which is 2-(4-amino-3-substituted-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide (3). Compound 3 was later treated with three different diverse coumarin aldehydes (6, 12, 18) resulted in the formation of arylidene hydrazides as cis–trans conformers (7, 8, 13, 14, 19, 20). In conclusion, we synthesized 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases derived from the condensation of 3-substituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-on and formylhydroxy-4-methylcoumarin derivatives, which have been characterized by, spectroscopic measurements (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis).
Active Thermografy as a Method for Non-destructive Testing of Polymer Composite Materials
Authors:   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik, Popardovská Eva , Popardovský Vladimír ,   Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefánik
Published: January 2022

Infrared (IR) thermography is a method for imaging thermal fields on the target surfaces in real time. It is a noncontact and non-destructive method of obtaining thermogram of tested material surface or inside of it. We can divide the IR thermographic testing methods into two basic groups – passive and active thermography. This article introduces a basic overview of IR active thermography.
Experimental investigations and multi criteria optimization during machining of A356/WC MMCs using EDM
Authors: Singh Akash , Kumar Karan , Sundari K. Gnana , Ranjan Rishitosh , Surekha B.
Published: January 2022

In the current paper, the authors are intended to manufacture the aluminum based metal matrix composite (MMC) employing the stir casting process. Further, the fabricated composite sample is investigated for machining characteristics during the die sink electrical discharge machining process (EDM). EDM is most commonly employed to satisfy the special needs of industry such as developing deep holes and complex contours from high strength materials such as composites, alloys, smart materials, and functionally graded materials. In the current study A356 and 4%, tungsten carbide (WC) powder are considered as matrix and strengthening materials respectively to fabricate the MMCs. During the machining activity, the input factors like discharge current (Ip), Voltage (Vg), Pulse On-Time (Ton), and flushing pressure (P) are optimized for achieving optimum surface roughness (SR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). To estimate the ideal set of process factors grey regression analysis (GRA) is used. From the results, it was observed that the GRA is found to perform better than the RSM.
Dominant factors for the marketing of private higher education
Authors: Pardiyono Ragil , Suteja Jaja , Puspita Hermita Dyah , Juju Undang
Published: January 2022

Higher education institutions, like any business institution, should satisfy their clients (students) for them to survive in the higher education service business market. As a service business, higher education institutions also need to follow marketing principles in their attempt to attract potential students. We investigated the effect of marketing mix dimension on internal and external marketing in universities. The research used primary data from a questionnaire survey of 526 students in West Java Province, Indonesia, and then drew conclusions by a structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The research findings revealed that place, product, price and promotion have a positive effect on external marketing. Whereas physical evidence, people and processes have positive, significant effects on internal marketing. There was also positive, significant correlation between external marketing and internal marketing. The research findings were hopefully beneficial for higher education management, to be made as guidance in implementing their marketing strategy. Higher education leaders may apply the external marketing policy to attract potential student interest and the internal marketing policy to improve the quality of their service and internal marketing. The study delivered a broader picture of the application of marketing mix model on universities. In addition, the discussion presented the implication of the offered theory and practice, the research limitation, and the direction of future researchers.
Phytochemical analysis and investigation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant potential of the Leaf Extracts of Putranjiva ruxburghi
Authors: Sundar Panda Dibya , Krushna Padhy Sai , K. Alruwaili Nabil , Gamal Mohammed , Kumar Giri Ranjan , Kumar Patro Saroja
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Herbs are in use as medicine worldwide from the time immemorial. Many drugs derived from plant, animal or minerals are in use as medicine till date. This is a study on leaf extract of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Euphorbiaceae) involving pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, activity against microbes and oxidation to substantiate its use. The leaf extracts were collected by successive soxhlation using solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone & ethanol. Chemicals present in the crude leaf extracts and isolated constituents were analyzed for both quality and quantity followed by TLC, UV–Visible Spectrophotometric analysis, HPTLC, Phytochemical tests and TLC examination confirmed to contain flavonoids in acetone, chloroform, aqueous and ethanol extract. The activity of Petroleum-ether, chloroform, acetone, alcoholic and aqueous extracts against the microbes was assessed by cup plate method. Okada & Okada method was followed to evaluate the DPPH free radical for aging property. The reducing, total antioxidant and peroxide radical for aging action of the extracts were assessed. The study confirmed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant property of the Putranjiva roxburghii Wall leaves may be for the presence of constituents like flavonoids, saponins, Phytosterols, favoring its traditional usage as medicine.
Biochemical Investigation to Determine the Factors Involved in Renal Failure Formation for Dialysis Patients
Authors: Talib Joudah Marwan , M. Saleh Shaker , Talib Joudah Wisam , Talib Joudah Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Renal failure is on the top list of kidney diseases as being frequently reported in many medical facilities around the globe. Human kidneys play an important role in excreting, reabsorbing, secreting and filtrating substances in the body. Healthy kidney must excrete the waste products of the body in urine and preserve albumin, and other useful substances in the body. The current study aims to figure out the expected factors of renal failure formation in dialysis patients. Likewise, it is designed to search for any correlation between the imbalanced levels of electrolytes and kidney deterioration. The current study was conducted in Ramadi city-Iraq with the assistance of Al-Ramadi Educational Hospital (REH). The (14th) samples of renal failure patients were collected from dialysis unit at (REH). (2-3 mL) of blood was taken from a patient’s vein. The serum was separated from plasma with the use of a centrifuge. All samples were undergone centrifuging for (4-7 min) at (550 rpm). Afterward, samples were subjected to biochemical examinations to determine the levels and quantities of some biochemical elements and other substances in the selected cases. It was found that some patients had been recorded with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), high HbA1c level (˃ 6.5 mg/dL) (21.5%), anemia (˂ 12.0 mg/dL) (%100) in women and (˂ 13.5 mg/dL) in men (%100), Uremia (˃ 45mg/dL) (%100), hypercalcemia (˃10.5 mg/dL) (%7.14), hyperkalemia (˃ 5.1 mg/dL) (%92.8), and Hypernatremia (˃145 mg/dL) (%28.5). Some results obtained, imbalanced levels of the mentioned substances, are either progressed with kidney deterioration, or they are the causes of renal failure. Changes in the levels of some blood substances were observed, and positive results were obtained regarding the aim of the study. Levels or quantities of some blood substances play an important role in preserving kidneys good performance. For instance, when the level of glucose in blood raises, a severe damage to the blood vessels of the kidney takes place and results in poor kidney's performance. While, an increment in the K serum level causes a sudden cardiac death. Changing in some levels and quantities of blood substances could be a core cause of renal failure formation, however, some of them develops when kidney deteriorates.
Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles with Monosaccharide Mannose
Authors: Dash Sambit , Rao Pragna , Kamath Ullas , R Pai Aparna , Reddy Gayam Prasanna Kumar , Rati Ekta , Karnik Shivani , Joseph Alex , Treasa Alex Angel
Published: January 2022

Gold nanoparticles have found a wide range of application in biomedical sciences. Unique properties of these metal nanoparticles include surface plasmon resonance and size dependent colour change. Various molecules have been functionalized on the gold nanoparticles surface but carbohydrates have garnered attention due to their properties and their role in living systems. However certain challenges make carbohydrate-gold nanoparticles association difficult to obtain and stabilize. This study was carried out to chemically remodel gold nanoparticles by adding a monosaccharide mannose to its surface. A modified phase transfer method was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles. The surface of the nanoparticles was fixed with cyanuric chloride to serve as a linker. Mannose was then linked to the linker molecule. All three stages of the process, gold nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles with linker and gold nanoparticles with the carbohydrate were analyzed for size and stability. Zeta potential and UV-vis data exhibited stable gold nanoparticles dispersion, successful binding of linker molecule as well as the carbohydrate. This study shows a simple, cost-effective and robust method of glycomodification of gold nanoparticles surface which can further find use in wide ranging applications.
Probiotic can Prevent Sepsis in Rats Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli
Authors: Sari Efris Kartika , Wihastuti Titin Andri , Afenia Priska Rizqi , Ardiansyah Wahyu
Published: January 2022

Escherichia coli bacterial infection (E. coli) is the cause of sepsis in critically ill patients. Consumption of probiotic is one attempt to increase endurance against bacterial infections. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. on pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 (IL-1)), sepsis markers (procalcitonin (PCT) and white blood cell (WBC) count in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) E. coli. Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups: (1) group of healthy control rats, (2) group of rats induced by LPS E. coli, and (3) group of rats treated by Lactobacillus spp. and induced by LPS E. coli. The group of rats treated by Lactobacillus spp. and induced by LPS E. coli was treated with additional Lactobacillus spp. probiotic on day 1-14, then induced with LPS E. coli on day 15. All blood samples were taken on the 16th day. IL-1 and PCT levels were analyzed with the ELISA method, the WBC count was measured with improved Neubauer hemocytometer. The group of rats induced by LPS E. coli had the highest IL-1, PCT, and WBC count. The statistical analysis of IL-1 did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05), but PCT and WBC count showed significant difference when compared with group of rats treated by Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05). Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. can prevent sepsis in rats induced by LPS E. coli.
Atom based 3D QSAR and Fingerprint based 2D QSAR of Novel Molecules as MmpL3 receptor inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: K Poojita , Fathima Fajeelath , Ray Rajdeep , Kumar Lalit , Verma Ruchi
Published: January 2022

Tuberculosis is one of the leading cause of increase in mortality rate in today’s health care scenario. Due to increase frequency of drug resistant TB it is prudent to find new targets and promising targets for anti-tubercular activity. MmpL3 (Mycobacterial Membrane Protein Large 3) is one of the most effective and promiscuous targets for development of new drug for anti-tubercular therapy due to its cross resistance inhibition property. In this study we have presented atom based 3D QSAR and finger print based 2D QSAR models to study different structural and functional groups of Adamantyl urea derivatives and their action in MmpL3 inhibitory activity which will provide us the insight for designing better and far more effective anti TB drugs.
Protective activity of Ruta chalepensis methanolic extract against nephrotoxicity and testicular damage induced by Carbon tetrachloride on albino male mice
Authors: Yahya Haider N. , Okhti Zahraa A. , Al-Ezzy Ruqaya M. , Mhawesh Ahmed A. , Alsaed Afnan A.
Published: January 2022

Herbal medicinal products can contain whole or partially prepared plant components from plant leaves, bark, stems, flowers and seeds.They are administered orally, inhaled or directly applied in the skin. Ruta chalepensis is a wild herb of the Mediterranean region used by many countries in herbal medicine. The existence of bioactive molecules responsible for their pharmacological properties has been shown by phytochemical screening. Results of kidney protective activity of plant. Showed that: for total cholesterol, the effect was dose dependant (50 and 100 mg\kg) in which the plant decreased it in compared to positive and negative groups (162.1±1.83 and 154.6±1.11 mg\dl) compared to (202.1±1.13 and 167.5±2.96 mg\dl) respectively. For total protein, creatinin and albumin the plant also had the ability to keep it near control groups compared to CCL4group.While the results of interaction groups indicated the ability of plant to provide protection against CCL4 damage. the plant possessed the ability to keep testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones level near normal in compared to CCL4 treated group (2.96±0.03, 1.93±0.01 and 3.63±0.04 ng\dl); (11.51±4.12, 9.85±2.18 and 11.78±3.42 ng\ml); (29.07±7.21, 30.11±9.11 and 30.67±8.98 ng\ml) for 50,100 mg\kg and negative control respectively. While for interaction group the results showed the ability of plant to counteract the damaged caused by CCL4 (1.67±0.01, 2.54±0.02); (10.42±2.21, 13.65±4.37); (39.74±10.13, 35.45±9.91) for testosterone, progesterone and estrogen hormones in Ruta chalepensis +CCL4 at dose (50 +0.02%) and (100+0.02%) respectively. All results of histo-architecture for kidney and testis showed the ability of plant to counteract any necrosis and abnormality caused by CCL4.
Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies of 2-[2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl]-acetamide Derivatives as Anthelmintic
Authors: Tajane Pravin S. , Sawant Ramesh L. , Dhikale Ganesh K. , Barkade Ganesh D.
Published: January 2022

Benzimidazole derivatives of substituted 2 [2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl] acetamide analogues were synthesized and studied for antihelminthic activity. Compounds 3a–o were obtained in three steps, starting with the Oxidative Condensation of the appropriate 3-nitrobenzaldeyde, o-phenylenediamine and sodium hydrogen sulfite to form 2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (1a). In second step Nucleophilic substitution, Chlorine atom of ethylchloroacetate will attach on nitrogen of benzimidazole by replacing hydrogen with elimination of hydrochloric acid to form ethyl [2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-Yl acetate (2a).In third step amide formation from ester takes place by substitution of electrophilic with loss of ethanol to form substituted 2 [2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl] acetamide 3a–o The antihelminthic activity showed that compounds 3f, 3h, 3i, 3j and 3k good activity against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) in comparison to albendazole.
Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. Leaf Extract on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression in Microglial HMC3 Cell Lines
Authors: Agil Mangestuti , Laswati Hening , Kuncoro Hadi , Ma’arif Burhan
Published: January 2022

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived chemical substances that have estrogen-like structures or estrogenic functions. Deficiency of estrogen in human brain causes neuroinflammation characterized by increase of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression as a marker of M1 phenotype in microglia. Recent research found phytoestrogen compounds in Marsilea crenata Presl. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaf extract in MHC II expression of microglial HMC3 cell lines, for resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. The fractions were given at concentrations of 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm to microglia, that had been previously induced by IFNγ 10 ng for 24 hours to stimulate the cells into M1 phenotype. Genistein as phytoestrogen was given at a concentration of 50 μM as positive control. Expression of MHC II was analyzed using immunocytochemistry method. Result showed reduction in MHC II expression of microglial cells, which indicated the activity of all extracts and, showed that 250 ppm of the fraction showed the strongest effect with MHC II value expression of 148.632 AU, and ED50 of 1,590 ppm. It was concluded from the study, that ethyl acetate fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves has antineuroinflammation effect.
Phytochemical and antimicrobial analyses of Plectranthus amboinicus
leaf extracts
Authors: Sindhu M.S. , M. Poonkothai
Published: January 2022

The present study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract using petroleum ether, methanol and water as solvents. The antimicrobial activity of
P. amboinicus leaf extracts were examined against the selected bacterial and fungal isolates namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. FT –IR analysis was performed to identify the presence of functional groups in the methanol extract. The results of the study revealed the presence of distinctive active secondary metabolites in the tested leaf extract. The results revealed that the methanol extract exhibited maximum antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial and fungal isolates when compared with aqueous and petroleum ether extracts. The FT-IR analysis reveals the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, amines, alkynes, ketones and carboxylic acid in the methanolic extract of P. amboinicus. Thus, P. amboinicus leaves are effective against the selected microbes and recommends that the plant derived phytochemicals are comparatively safer than synthetic alternative, thereby contributing insightful remedial benefits for the treatment of diseases.
Evaluation of Sertraline as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticataract
Authors: M. Gaikwad Pandurang , V. Nimbalkar Vikram , K. Sabale Priyanka , D. Barkade Ganesh
Published: January 2022

Sertraline can also protect against environmental causes of free radicals such as smoking. Cigarette tar is a source of free radicals which has been found to damage erythrocyte membranes. It was also found that Sertraline and its conjugate metabolites could protect erythrocytes from the membranous damage that is caused by smoking. The ability of Sertraline is claimed to exert many beneficial effects on health, including protection against various diseases such as osteoporosis, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The studies showed that there has been a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease in subjects, who had a high intake of flavonoids. Progressive disorder of the lung parenchyma and airways or also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which happens to be the third-leading cause of death in the USA. Therapies thus far for COPD, unfortunately, is said to be partially effective with possibilities of side effects.
Evaluation of Antidepressant-like Effect of Clitoria ternatea Linn.
Authors: Mittal Shruti , Gupta Prashant , Nigam Vijay
Published: January 2022

Depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, which affects 21% of the world population. The presently using drugs can impose a variety of side-effects including cardiac toxicity, hypopiesia, sexual dysfunction, body weight gain, and sleep disorder. Ayurvedic medicine may be a powerful weapon given by our nature to cure disease. Considering the importance of plants as sources of drugs even today people are adopting different herbal drugs for the treatment of assorted diseases. During the last decade, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic effects of natural products on mental disorders. This study planned to assess antidepressant like activity of methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. (fabaceae). Soxhlet extraction method was used for methanolic extraction. Antidepressant activity was studied using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract of flower were selected for testing. Imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as the reference standard drugs. Methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea flower significantly reduced immobility time in both TST and FST. Extract increased the climbing behavior in FST, which is similar to effect observed with imipramine. The results of this study suggest that antidepressant like effect of Clitoria ternatea seems to be mediated by an increase in norepinephrine level in synapses. However further study is needed to understand mechanism of action and to isolate the active component responsible for antidepressant like activity.
Chemical Composition and Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract of Alcea setosa A. Malvaceae
Authors: Bajes Hana R. , Oran Sawsan A. , Bustanji Yasser K.
Published: January 2022

Alcea setosa A. (Malvaceae) is a wild plant that grows in Jordan and have several traditional medicinal uses. This study aims to collect and chemically analyze the methanolic extract from Alcea setosa A. from Jordan and to evaluate its cytotoxic and antioxidant activity against human breast cancer cells (T47D), colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (CACO2), and normal human fibroblasts (MRC5). The extract was extracted by methanol solvent and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue, neutral red, and MTT assays, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH scavenging activity assay. A total of 290 compounds, 12 among which were identified when compared to available standards, the extract contained six flavons derivatives, Two fatty acids, one ketone derivative, one flavonol derivative, one organic acid, and one coumarin derivative. The results also revealed that the IC50 values of the viability assays were higher among normal cells compared to the human cancer cell lines, and the viability inhibition was significant at higher concentrations compared to untreated cells. Nevertheless, moderate antioxidant activity was observed for the extract in the DPPH scavenging activity test. To sum up, this study indicates that samples of A. setosa collected from Jordan is likely to be an effective antioxidant, is optimistically potential to be utilized in breast and colon cancers treatment due to its preferential cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring of Antidepressant Drugs in a Mental Health Institute in Odisha
Authors: Das Priti , Nayak Jyotiranjan , Prasanna Swain Sarada
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Antidepressants are used primarily in the management of depressive and anxiety disorders. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antidepressants is a major challenge as it influences patient compliance. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the ADR profile of antidepressant drugs in a mental health institute in Odisha. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Mental Health Institute (Centre of Excellence) S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack from September 2017 to September 2019. Patients who received at least one antidepressant drug were included in the study irrespective of age and sex. Data were collected by interviewing the patients or attendants and on detection of ADR, it was recorded on suspected ADR reporting form designed by PvPI. Causality, severity and preventability of ADRs were assessed by, WHO-UMC causality assessment, modified Hartwig-Siegel Scale and modified Schumock-Thornton criteria respectively. Results: Out of 180 patients taking antidepressants, ADRs were reported in 24% of patients, with either possible or probable causality. None were labelled as certain. ADRs were observed in 50% of patients who received TCAs and among 34.5% who received polytherapy. Insomnia (27%), fatigue (17%) and agitation (13%) were most common ADRs. Most of the ADRs were of mild severity (91%) and not preventable (84%).
Conclusion: Insomnia, fatigue and agitation were among most common ADRs. There was increased chance of ADRs with polytherapy and use of TCAs. Most ADRs were mild and not preventable.
Saneamiento industrial: Biodisponibilidad de patógenos en superficies
Authors: Dávila Morán Roberto Carlos , Agüero Corzo Eucaris del Carmen , Ruiz Nizama José Leonor , Portillo Rios Héctor , Velarde Dávila Leonardo
Published: January 2022

En condiciones adecuadas como humedad, alcalinidad, o temperatura, determinados patógenos logran adherirse a las superficies y sobrevivir ciertos períodos fuera de un anfitrión, persistiendo en algunos casos a procesos deficientes de limpieza y desinfección, configurándose como un posible foco de transmisión. Por ello, el correcto saneamiento cumple un propósito vital en la protección de los trabajadores de la industria y otros sectores frente al riesgo de contaminación por contacto directo con las superficies contaminadas. La literatura científica muestra amplia evidencia de la supervivencia de patógenos sobre superficies que son habituales dentro de instalaciones industriales, como acero, aluminio, madera, plástico y vidrio. la supervivencia de microorganismos en las superficies puede configurarse como candidato a marcador de biodisponibilidad, que puede ser usado en la industria para establecer y auditar los planes de higienización y saneamiento industrial, permitiendo estudiar la eficacia de los compuestos usados en la desinfección, y variables como su concentración, temperatura, e intervalos de aplicación y remoción
Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en la población infantil de una zona rural del Ecuador
Authors: Cuenca-León K. , Sarmiento-Ordóñez J. , Blandín-Lituma P. , Benítez-Castrillón P. , Pacheco-Quito E. M.
Published: January 2022

En la actualidad las investigaciones entorno a la calidad de vida desde la salud, son de vital importancia a nivel mundial, puesto que la identificación de los factores que desencadenan ciertas patologías prevalentes sirven para actuar y mejorar las condiciones de vida; en específico en este trabajo nos referiremos al grupo infantil y la parasitosis pediátrica, la misma que genera índices de anemia, peso bajo, entre otros. El propósito fue identificar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en escolares de 6 a 12 años en poblaciones rurales, de la ciudad de Paute, Ecuador. Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, se trabajó con 608 niños pertenecientes a zonas rurales de Paute, el análisis coprológico fue mediante el método convencional, se reportó número de parásitos por campo. Esta investigación fue desarrollada bajo el permiso de un Comité de Bioética. Se analizaron 608 muestras coproparasitarias, obteniéndose una significancia estadística con respecto al sexo, los varones presentaron una prevalencia de parasitismo (14,63%) sobre las mujeres (8,88%), el parásito con mayor prevalencia es la Entamoeba histolytica. La prevalencia de parasitosis infantil en el sector rural de Paute, Ecuador es de 23,52%, siendo mayor en varones, el parásito más frecuente es la E. histolytica.
Políticas públicas promovidas para el sistema educativo a partir de propagación del COVID-19
Authors: Armada Pacheco José Manuel , Sinche Crispín Fernando Viterbo
Published: January 2022

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha evidenciado la deficiencia de los sistemas de salud en América Latina, exponiendo a la población al contagio en condiciones de desprotección. Con la finalidad de disminuir la propagación del virus, en Perú se decretó la medida de cuarentena nacional con cese de casi todas las actividades, incluyendo clases presenciales en universidades, sugiriendo la necesidad de laborar de manera no presencial. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 248 estudiantes de dos universidades de la provincia de Huancayo, Perú. Para ello, se caracterizó sociodemográficamente 248 estudiantes de ambas universidades, se categorizaron las políticas educativas de acuerdo a los objetivos del plan de acción para centros de educación superior, se establecieron indicadores y se evaluó la eficacia de las políticas públicas educativas para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19 usando los indicadores: adecuación, coherencia, y eficiencia. Las políticas socializables y logísticas arrojaron una eficacia de 76,8% y 73%, respectivamente. La promoción del correcto lavado de manos, hábitos de protección al toser y estornudar y, mantenimiento del mobiliario y equipamiento resultaron ser medidas eficaces, mientras que, el monitoreo y reporte de casos sospechosos con posibles síntomas, fue la más ineficaz. El estudio aporta información novel acerca de indicadores para evaluar las políticas públicas promovidas por el sistema educativo Peruano para la contención de la transmisión del COVID-19, en el marco del retorno a la modalidad semipresencial y constituye un material de referencia para la evaluación de protocolos sanitarios implementados en otras universidades
Índice CPOD y ceo-d en niños de 5 a 8 años de una escuela en una localidad de Ecuador
Authors: Mena Silva Paola , Benítez Rolando Manuel , Salvador Arroba Janeth
Published: January 2022

Las enfermedades orales son las más comunes de las enfermedades crónicas y uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública debido a su prevalencia, su impacto en los individuos y la sociedad y el costo de su tratamiento. En el caso de los niños este efecto se multiplica por las consecuencias que se derivan para la edad adulta. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar los índices ceo-d en niños escolares de 5 a 8 años en la Unidad Educativa "Alejandro Dávalos Calle", Ecuador. Para ello, bajo una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, no experimental, de campo y de corte transversal. Se seleccionó como población los niños entre 5 y 8 años de edad en el periodo académico 2017-2018; la muestra estuvo conformada por 96 niños de ambos sexos, previo a consentimiento informado y cumpliendo las normas de bioéticas. Se realizaron revisión de historia clínica de los infantes y se les aplico encuestas validadas por expertos, a estudiantes, representantes y docentes. Se obtuvo prevalencia a caries en el 100% de los niños, 47% con dientes obturados y 64% perdieron piezas dentales, no se encontró evidencia estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de caries y el sexo. El CEOD moderado, identificándose como factores de riesgos el desconocimiento de las medidas higiénicas bucal, baja frecuencia en la revisión odontológica y una dieta altamente cariogénica en estos niños. Se recomienda diseñar campañas educativas integrales que oriente a buenas prácticas de higiene bucal con el objetivo de prevenir y minimizar el número de personas afectadas por este mal.
The effect of migration on the incidence of new-onset metabolic syndrome in migrants to Qatar
Authors: AlAdawi Rana Moustafa , Prabhu Kirti S. , Stewart Derek , Rayan Cristin , Abdelaziz Hani , EL Edrisi Mohsen , Izham Mohamed , Jochebeth Anh , Kuttikrishnan Shilpa , Young Monica , Steinhoff Martin , Uddin Shahab , Tonna Antonella
Published: January 2022

Background: There is substantial evidence that migration to Western countries is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a paucity of data on the incidence of MetS in migrants from different countries coming to Qatar. As a result, an important health problem is overlooked, and prevention measures are absent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of migration on the incidence of MetS following 24 months of residency in the Middle East (ME) among a group of migrants employed at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC). Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study. Migrants aged 18–65 years who joined HMC from June to December 2017 were invited to consent and participate. Baseline screening for MetS was conducted. Parameters included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure (BP), and waist circumference (WC) measurement. Migrants with normal metabolic parameters at baseline were invited to be rescreened 24 months post-migration. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Consensus Worldwide Definition of MetS was employed to diagnose MetS. Inferential statistics were applied to compare results before and after migration. Throughout the study, migrants with metabolic abnormalities were referred to physicians for further management. Results: Of the 1,379 screened migrants, 472 consented to participate. Of those, only 205 migrants had normal metabolic parameters. The incidence of MetS within the group with normal parameters rose to 17% (n = 27) after 24 months of residing in Qatar. Eighty-one percent (n = 129) developed at least one element of MetS. Migrants receiving medications that potentially induce MetS were more likely to develop MetS (odds ratio OR [(AOR 6.3, p < 0.001); 95% [CI], 0.07-0.59. p = 0.003). Conclusion: The incidence of MetS amongst migrants increases following residency in Qatar however, it is lower than that estimated in many developed countries (3, 4).
Representations of suppressed indigenous cultural memories: the communities of Sami of Finland and Kurdish of Turkey
Authors: Furu Adél
Published: January 2022

In my paper I intend to examine how the historical marginalization of Sami and Kurdish history and culture affects the cultural identity of these ethnic groups. I discuss how recent political discourses and state interventions have influenced the images of the past and identity politics in the Sami communities living in Finland and in the Kurdish society living in Turkey. Furthermore, I describe how these assimilated minorities have alienated from their own identity due to a damage of their collective memory caused by devastating historical events. The paper also focuses on the ways these two minorities give meaning to the past and strengthen their cultural identities through different forms of art. Both Samis and Kurds express their identities in several creative ways. Their historical realities, individual histories, memories of assimilation and common values are reflected in joiks, folk music and cinema. These are strong ways of remembering and expressions of identity in both cultures. Traditional songs, films, documentaries reveal histories, reproduce cultures and shape the memories of both Sami and Kurdish people. Therefore, I will discuss how the patterns of their cultural memory have an impact on the representation of their identities in the above art forms.
Instances of kingship in Sverris saga
Authors: Coroban Costel
Published: January 2022

The methodology proposed in this article is that of historical research, which is understood as the formulation or identification of a research topic, followed by literature review and sources’ collection, assessment of the sources in an order that is logical and/or chronological, information and findings’ synthesis, and finally the narrative exposition of the research results and the finding of a general conclusion that draws on the finds of each segment of the research. Regarding the formula “instances of kingship” in the title, the concept of ideology plays an important role in the current research as one of the premises of the study is that power relations are embedded in it. The term ideology is to be taken in consideration in its political meaning, which is why I have chosen the formula “ideology of power”. The premise of the current thesis is that political behaviour is shaped by pre-existing ideology, which is not always logical yet it holds great meaning for the society under examination. The concept of political power includes a suite of levels of analysis: the discussion of the transformation of power (whether it is conferred, delegated, shared or limited), the way power is exerted (either through consent or coercion), what power relies on (coercion or influence) and possibly whether it flows from authority, legitimacy, or right. The source to be used in the purpose of discerning the characteristics of royalty in Norway is Sverris saga, which represents a unique source among the kings’ sagas, since it is entirely dedicated to the rule of one king.
Approaching the past: a tangled interplay of memory, political choices and historical science. With examples from the Nordic and Baltic countries and Romania
Authors: Seim Jardar
Published: January 2022

A discussion of topics connected with “historical memory” and “politics of memory” presupposes that we consider how and why we are approaching the past. In this paper I shall point to some ways the past is being approached by individuals, social groups and political authorities – and some reasons for such approaches. But I shall also consider the opposite choice, that of not wanting to get closer to the past, preferring instead to keep a safe distance or even to ignore it, at least painful parts of it. Memories in different forms are important in our approaches to the past. The same is true for scientific history. The interplay between memory and historical science is complicated in itself. The existence of political guidance or explicit political provisions concerning the past makes it even more complicated to understand how our relations with the past are shaped and what their functions are in a given society. In my opinion, it is impossible to generalize about such problems. But comparisons may be fruitful, for instance presentations of wars in school textbooks from different countries, or how succeeding political regimes in one country try to charge the urban landscape with a new (or old) political meaning that legitimizes the present regime or demonize another one, by changing street names, erecting or destroying monuments etc. National anthems are another field that is suited for meaningful comparisons. And even communal or personal memories that are studied without a comparison or generalization in mind may provide ideas and perspectives for dealing with quite different memories under other political conditions. Finally, the role of the presumed scientific historian ought to be examined a little. Is he or she just a rational and neutral judge of the past – compared to ordinary people with undocumented and emotional memories, or to politicians with ideological motives for approaching the past?
Norway’s political / linguistic / literary policies in the 1830s
Authors: Dreve Roxana-Ema
Published: January 2022

Up until 1814 Norway was a province governed from Copenhagen. After its defeat in the Napoleonic wars, Denmark was forced to give Norway to Sweden. On the political side, the direct results of these events were the establishment of the Norwegian state and the writing of the constitution. On the cultural and literary side, the union with Sweden created the condition for inquiries about national identity. But if Norway had a political identity, the foundation of a cultural identity took more time, mostly because of the lack of a unique, national language. This article focuses on some linguistic and political policies from the 1830s and their influence on literature. Important themes such as oral/written language, the conflicts between Henrik Wergeland and Johan Sebastian Welhaven, national/cultural identity, tradition/innovation will be analyzed.
Jardar Seim and the history of a Norwegian-Romanian story
Authors: Leon Crina
Published: January 2022

Jardar Seim is a historian and member of The Norwegian Historical Association, a specialist in Eastern European history which he taught at the University of Oslo between 1983 and 2002, and moreover a keen speaker of the Romanian language. He is the author of the works Øst-Europas historie/The History of Eastern Europe (Aschehoug, Oslo, 1994) and Øst-Europa etter murens fall/Eastern Europe after the Fall of the Wall (Aschehoug Forum, Oslo, 1999) and co-editor of the book Romanian-Norwegian Relations. Diplomatic Documents, 1905-1947 (Romanian Cultural Institute, Bucharest, 2007), one of the very few works dealing with the Norwegian-Romanian diplomatic relations. He was also a teacher of history, Norwegian and social studies at the High School in Ski, Norway, and responsible for the pupils’ exchange between the above-mentioned high school and Unirea High School (later Unirea National College) in Braşov, Romania, in the period 1993-2008.