bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From 3D Cultured Antler Stem Cells Serve as a New Drug Vehicle in Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Hu Pengfei , Ying Jinchi , Wang Yusu , Jiang Tiantian , Pan Zheng , Zhao Chen , Li Jiping , Li Chunyi
Published: December 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from antler reserve mesenchymal (RM) cells play an important role in the paracrine regulation during rapid growth of antler without forming a tumor; therefore, RM-EVs become novel materials for anti-tumor studies, such as osteosarcoma treatment. However, the problem of low production of RM-EVs in traditional 2D culture limits its mechanism research and application. In this study, we established an optimal 3D culture system for antler RM cells to produce EVs (3D-RM-EVs). Morphology and property of harvested 3D-RM-EVs were normal compared with EVs from conventional 2D culture, and the miRNA profile in them was basically the same through transcriptome sequencing analysis. Based on the same number of RM cells, the volume of the culture medium collected by 3D cultural system concentrated nearly 30 times, making it more convenient for subsequent purification. In addition, EVs were harvested 30 times in 3D cultural system, greatly increasing the total amount of EVs (harvested a total of 2–3 times in 2D culture). Although 3D-RM-EVs had a limited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K7M2 cells, the inhibition effect of 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) were more significant than that of positive drug group alone ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) had the most significant tumor inhibition effect, with decreased tumor size, and could slow down body weight loss compared with Ifosfamide + Etoposide (IFO + ET) group. These results demonstrated that 3D-RM-EVs were efficiently prepared from antler RM cells and were effective as drug vehicles for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Do Government Environmental Subsidies Improve Corporate Carbon Performance? Evidence From China
Authors: Luo Xiying , Liu Xin , Liu Wei
Published: December 2023

Improving corporate carbon performance is imperative for sustainable economic and social development. Using a sample of Chinese A-share-listed manufacturing firms from 2012 to 2019, this study explores how government environmental subsidies affect corporate carbon performance. The baseline results show that government environmental subsidies are positively associated with corporate carbon performance, suggesting an improving effect of government environmental subsidies on corporate carbon performance. These results are robust to a set of sensitivity tests. Further, the channel analyses show that government environmental subsidies improve corporate carbon performance by alleviating financial constraints and enhancing environmental information disclosure. Moreover, cross-sectional analyses show that the improving effect of government environmental subsidies on corporate carbon performance is stronger in state-owned enterprises, in firms with higher executive environmental awareness, and in firms with higher media attention. This study provides meaningful insights for the government seeking to promote low-carbon development through environmental subsidies.
Direct-to-patient telemedicine: Expanding access to regional pediatric specialty care
Authors: Atabaki Shireen M , Shur Natasha E , Munoz Ricardo A , Bhuvanendran Shivaprasad , Sable Craig , Rojas Christina R , Lopez-Magallon Alejandro J , Clarke Jonas C , Sabouriane Cyrus E , Krishnan Anita , Wessel David L
Published: December 2023

Telemedicine is seen as a useful tool in reducing gaps in health care but this technology-enabled care can also exacerbate health inequity if not implemented with a focus on inclusivity. Though many studies have reported improvements as well as exacerbation of disparities in access to care in their telehealth programs, there does not exist a common evaluation tool to assess these programs. To mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on health care workers and protect medically vulnerable children, in March 2020 we expanded our pre-established specialty and subspecialty direct-to-patient pediatric telemedicine program in a high volume urban pediatric health system. Our program aimed to prevent disparities in pediatric health care. In this study, using a “Pillars of Access” approach as a model to evaluate impact and access to care of our direct-to-patient telemedicine program, we analyzed the patients that were seen pre-COVID versus post-COVID. Our study demonstrated an increase in telemedicine visits for patients from diverse socioeconomic and racial backgrounds, and geographically underserved communities. We also observed an increase in telemedicine visits for mental health complaints and for certain categories of high-risk patients. This study was not designed to identify language and cultural barriers to telemedicine. Future identification of these specific barriers is needed. The tool to evaluate telehealth impact/access to care through a “Pillars of Access” approach presented here could serve as a model for implementation of telehealth programs. Our study highlights telemedicine programs as a mechanism to address healthcare inequity and overcome barriers to care.
Deep neck space infections in end-stage renal disease patients: Prevalence and mortality
Authors: Acree Lillian , Day Tyler , Groves Michael W , Waller Jennifer L , Bollag Wendy B , Tran Sarah Y , Padala Sandeep , Baer Stephanie L
Published: December 2023

Deep neck space infections (DNSI) are severe infections within the layers of neck fascia that are known to be associated with underlying immunocompromised states. Although uremia associated with kidney disease is known to cause immune system dysfunction, DNSI in patients with kidney disease has been poorly studied. This study investigated the prevalence of DNSI and the associated risk of mortality within the United States end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population, using a retrospective cohort study design and the United States Renal Data System database of patients (ages 18–100) who initiated dialysis therapy between 2005 and 2019. International Classification of Disease-9 and -10 codes were used to identify the diagnosis of DNSI and comorbid conditions. Of the 705,891 included patients, 2.2% had a diagnosis of DNSI. Variables associated with increased risk of DNSI were female sex, black compared to white race, catheter, or graft compared to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) access, autoimmune disease, chronic tonsillitis, diagnoses in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), tobacco use, and alcohol dependence. DNSI diagnosis was an independent risk factor for mortality, which was also associated with other comorbidity factors such as older age, catheter or graft compared to AVF access, comorbidities in the CCI, tobacco use, and alcohol dependence. Because of the increased mortality risk of DSNI in the ESRD population, health professionals should encourage good oral hygiene practices and smoking cessation, and they should closely monitor these patients to reduce poor outcomes.
A 37-Year-Old Schizophrenic Woman With Abdominal Pain
Authors: Liao Yiqun , Ma Yue , Chao Fei , Wang Yong , Zhao Ziming , Ren Jun
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Internal fistula across the posterior wall of stomach and the transverse colon caused by foreign bodies in the alimentary tract presents an extremely rare medical entity.

Presentation of case:

We report an aschizophrenia female patient with onset of internal fistula across the posterior wall of stomach and the transverse colon triggered by swallowed magnetic metal beads. The patient was admitted to the emergency room of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital because of acute right lower abdominal pain. Emergency routine abdominal CT scan revealed acute appendicitis and a set of foreign body in digestive tract.

Discussion:

The foreign body in the stomach was removed by open surgery after tentative Endoscopic foreign body removal and laparoscopic appendectomy and exploration. In the process of exploring the gastric wall, it was found that one of magnet beads was embedded in the posterior wall of stomach and adhered to part of the transverse colon. After separation, it was found that an internal fistula was formed across the posterior wall of stomach and the transverse colon. As the patient ate only a small amount of food within 2 days, and the intestines were in good condition, we performed partial transverse colectomy, end-to-side anastomosis and gastric wall repair.

Conclusion:

This case shows that for long-term foreign bodies in the digestive tract, we should be beware of the onset of gastrointestinal perforation. Moreover, perforation caused by the force acting on a blunt foreign body often results in atypical imaging findings, and the diagnosis of perforation cannot be clearly determined by imaging findings such as the presence of free gas downstream of the diaphragm. This poses new challenges for clear diagnosis and treatment.
Serum Adiponectin and Leptin Among Ghanaian Migrants in Amsterdam and Their Compatriots in Rural and Urban Ghana: The RODAM Study
Authors: Kusi-Mensah Yaw A , Hayfron-Benjamin Charles , Chetty Sean , van der Linden Eva L , Meeks Karlijn AC , Beune Erik , Anokye-Danso Frederick , Ahima Rexford S , van den Born Bert-Jan , Agyemang Charles
Published: December 2023

Background:

The rapidly rising cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden in urbanizing sub-Saharan African populations and among sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe likely affects serum adiponectin and leptin levels, but this has not yet been quantified.

Objectives:

To compare the serum levels of adiponectin and leptin among migrant, and non-migrant (urban and rural) populations of Ghanaian descent.

Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of serum leptin and adiponectin in the multi-centre Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. Logistic-regression models were used to examine the association between these adipocyte-derived hormones after stratification (sex, geographic area) and adjustments for potential confounders.

Results:

A total of 2518 Ghanaians were included. Rural participants had the highest serum adiponectin and lowest leptin levels compared to Amsterdam and urban Ghanaians ( P < .001). In fully adjusted models, participants living in urban Ghana had significantly higher odds of hyperleptinemia compared to rural participants (women-odds ratio 2.88; 95% CI, 1.12-7.38, P = .028 and men 43.52, 95% CI, 4.84-391.25, P < .001). Urban Ghanaian men also had higher odds of elevated leptin: adiponectin ratio (6.29, 95% CI, 1.43-27.62, P = .015). The odds of hyperleptinemia were only higher in Amsterdam Ghanaian men (10.56; 95% CI, 1.11-100.85, P = .041), but not in women (0.85; 95% CI, 0.30-2.41, P = .759). There was no significant association between hypoadiponectinemia and geographical location in both sexes.

Conclusion:

Urbanization is associated with serum adiponectin and leptin levels after adjusting for confounding covariates in sub-Saharan Africans. These findings serve as a backdrop for further research on the role adipokines play in CMD epidemiology among Africans.
Camera Phantasma: Reframing virtual photographies in the age of AI
Authors: Schofield Michael Peter
Published: December 2023

The recent advent of virtual photography and artificial intelligence (specifically AI photography and diffusion models), presents a major challenge to both photographers and photography theory. All our common-sense assumptions about the ontology of the image now seem to be falling apart. Are these interlopers really photography? Can we hear the final death knell for the erstwhile medium in this era of ever-increasing media convergence and virtualisation? This practice-led investigation of these new media forms draws on the author’s recent creative work in virtual photographies, and similar interventions by other photographers and new media artists, seeking to augment and expand their practice using these new tools, whilst querying what photography really means today. From in-game photography to virtual exploration using Google Street View, to AI photography using the latest denoising diffusion models (such as Midjourney), there are surprising commonalities to explore between them, linking these new practices of image-making firmly back to traditions of lens-based photography. Rather than seeking a detailed map of this difficult new terrain, or a definitive ontology of emerging virtual photographies, the author reframes the discourse around practice, examining both photography as an evolving set of practices and also notions of media hauntology – specifically the spectral ways in which new media technologies are always haunted by prior practices and modes of communication. The importance of the frame to both traditional photography and new practices of virtual photography, is suggested as a vital and persistent dimension in photographic authorship. With that authorship increasingly contested by new generative methods, easy appropriation and AI image-making, the act of framing may become the best litmus test we have, for whether or not a photograph should be considered ‘real’ or valued.
Looking on the bright side: The relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes among adolescents living with chronic pain
Authors: Parsons Ryan D , McParland Joanna L , Halligan Sarah L , Goubert Liesbet , Noel Melanie , Jordan Abbie
Published: December 2023

A deficits-based approach to adolescent chronic pain currently dominates the literature, to the exclusion of positive approaches, such as flourishing. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study examined the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescent chronic pain. Seventy-nine adolescents aged 11–24 years were asked to complete self-report measures of three domains of flourishing and four pain-related outcomes. Correlation coefficients and four hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted, controlling for age and gender. Flourishing mental health was associated with, and significantly contributed to explaining, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and social and family functioning impairment. Benefit finding and posttraumatic growth were each associated with social and family functioning impairment, while posttraumatic growth was also associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, benefit finding significantly contributed to explaining pain intensity. Study findings underscore the importance of assessing the relationships between flourishing and pain-related outcomes in adolescents with chronic pain.
Association of explicit and implicit social support with psychological adjustment in Chinese women with breast cancer: An interpersonal explanation
Authors: You Jin , Luo Fengping , Dong Yue , Xu Ting , Jing Jing , Zuo Jie
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to examine the linear and non-linear relationship between explicit and implicit social support and psychological adjustment as well as the underlying interpersonal mechanisms in a sample of Chinese women with breast cancer ( n = 202). The results showed that explicit social support was associated with poorer psychological adjustment, while implicit social support exhibited the opposite trend. Moreover, the association between implicit social support and psychological adjustment was stronger at lower levels of implicit social support, but it weakened or disappeared at moderate or higher levels. Furthermore, we found that all the associations between social support and psychological adjustment could be explained by relationship concerns and perceived burdensomeness. These findings emphasize the importance of providing social support and supportive care to patients who have unmet supportive care needs, in line with cultural norms and expectations.
Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panels with textile reinforced engineered cementitious composites as the wythes after freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Li Yushan , Yin Shiping , Feng Linli
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel prefabricated sandwich insulation wall panels (PSIWP) with textile reinforced engineered cementitious composites (TRE) as inner and outer wythes. A parametric analysis conducted using an experimental approach focuses on the influence of the freezing-thawing conditions, the freezing-thawing cycle times, the thickness of the TRE wythes, the type of the thermal insulation layer, the textile treatment methods and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer. The derivation of calculation formulas of fully composite and non-composite TRE-PSIWP, as well as the analysis of the composite degree of TRE-PSIWP were carried out based on the concrete bending capacity calculation formula. It was found that the flexural bearing capacity and the cooperative working performance of TRE-PSIWP weakened after the freeze-thaw cycles. On the contrary, the ductility of TRE-PSIWP increased after the freeze-thaw cycles. Increasing the thickness of thermal insulation layer and TRE wythes were contributed to improve the flexural bearing capacity of TRE-PSIWP. Treating the textiles with impregnation and sand burning was also contributed to improve the flexural bearing capacity of TRE-PSIWP. For different thermal insulation materials, the cooperative working performance of the TRE wythes and the expanded polystyrene board (EPS) was the best.
Intraoperative assessment of the curative potential to predict survival after gastric cancer resection: A national cohort study
Authors: Linder Gustav , McGregor Richard J. , Lindblad Mats
Published: December 2023

Background:

The surgeon’s intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of tumor resection following gastrectomy adds new information that could help clinicians and patients by predicting survival.

Methods:

All patients in Sweden undergoing gastric cancer resection between 2006 and 2018 were grouped according to a prospectively registered variable; the surgeon’s intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of surgery: curative, borderline curative, or palliative. Factors affecting group allocation were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression, while survival was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results:

Of 2341 patients undergoing gastric cancer resection, 1547 (71%) were deemed curative, 340 (15%) borderline curative, and 314 (14%) palliative (140 missing assessments). Advanced stage increased the risk of borderline curative resection (Stage III, odds ratio (OR) = 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.92–9.31), as did emergency surgery OR = 3.31 (1.74–6.31) and blood loss >500 mL; OR = 1.63 (1.06–2.49). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion both decreased the risk of borderline curative resection, OR = 0.58 (0.39–0.87) and 0.57 (0.40–0.80), respectively. In multivariable Cox regression, the surgeon’s assessment independently predicted worse survival for borderline curative (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.29–1.83) and palliative resections (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.45–2.19), compared to curative resections. The sensitivity of the surgeon’s assessment of long-term survival was 96.7%. The PPV was 50.7% and the NPV was 92.1%.

Conclusion:

The surgeon’s intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of gastric cancer surgery may independently aid survival prediction and is analogous to prognostication by pathologic Staging. Advanced disease, emergency surgery, and a high intraoperative blood loss, increases the risk of a borderline curative or palliative resection. Conversely, neoadjuvant treatment and MDT discussion reduce the risk of borderline curative or palliative resection.
Monkeypox (Mpox) Vaccine Hesitancy Among Mpox Cases: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Agroia Harit , Smith Emily , Vaidya Akanksha , Rudman Sarah , Roy Monika
Published: December 2023

Human mpox has been an increasing concern in the United States and California since late 2022. While the Jynneos vaccine offers a degree of cross-protection against the disease, vaccine hesitancy is common among those recommended for vaccination. The purpose of this study was to assess vaccine knowledge, facilitators, and barriers to vaccine uptake among individuals previously diagnosed with mpox, or mpox cases, in Santa Clara County, California. In-depth interviews were conducted by public health department staff among mpox cases diagnosed in Santa Clara County between July and September 2022. Responses were analyzed using a grounded theory data analysis approach. Among the 47 participants, 36 (77%) had heard of mpox before diagnosis, and of these, 20 (56%) did not think they were at risk of developing mpox, and 28 (78%) were aware that a vaccine was available. Those who did not receive the vaccine stated vaccine access and availability were the main barriers. Among the six participants not interested in the vaccine, the main hesitancies were lack of perceived risk, stigma of being branded by scarring and labeled gay, and vaccine safety. Overall, the following themes were attributed to reasons for vaccine hesitancy: (a) lack of awareness of the disease and vaccine, including perceived risks; (b) lack of vaccine availability and accessibility; and (c) stigma associated with receiving the vaccine, including being publicly labeled as “gay” and the scarring on forearm potentially seen as branding. We recommend tailoring outreach and educational campaigns to address reasons for mpox vaccine hesitancy.
Exploring the Benefits, Barriers, and Facilitators of Physical Activity and Interest in Intergenerational Physical Activity Programming Within a Hispanic/Latino Community in the Midwest
Authors: Ramos Athena K. , Rech John P. , Schmeits Karen , Carvajal Marcela , Trinidad Natalia , Blaskewicz Boron Julie , Dinkel Danae
Published: December 2023

Hispanic/Latino individuals across the lifespan generally do not engage in enough physical activity. Intergenerational programming is an innovative solution that could improve opportunities for physical activity across the lifespan in a culturally relevant manner; however, few studies have explored perceptions of intergenerational physical activity programming among Hispanic/Latino communities. This pre-implementation study aimed to: (a) explore the perceived benefits, barriers, and facilitators of physical activity among an intergenerational sample of Hispanic/Latino community members and stakeholders and (b) assess interest in intergenerational physical activity programming. This qualitative study consisted of a total of eight focus groups (N = 45 participants): Hispanic/Latino youth (2 groups), their parents (2 groups), older Hispanic/Latino adults (3 groups), and community stakeholders who work with older adults (1 group). We used thematic analysis techniques integrating the Framework Method to compare and contrast perspectives between participant groups. We found that all groups identified physical, mental, and/or social benefits to physical activity. Primary barriers included limited physical accessibility, environmental considerations, and time constraints. Primary facilitators included physical accessibility, programming format, environmental supports, and social support. Overall, there was general interest in intergenerational physical activity programming across all groups. Practitioners are encouraged to: (a) be aware of how different age groups may view and respond to program context, fit, and communications; (b) reflect on their capacity for high-quality implementation, and (c) weigh the costs and benefits of various programming decisions. Findings can be used to design culturally, linguistically, and contextually relevant intergenerational physical activity programming and to promote health equity.
Mathematical modeling for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness characterization of metalized nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Hu Shi , Wang Dan , Křemenáková Dana , Militký Jiří
Published: December 2023

Previously established models for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness in metallized textiles have limitations in accurately forecasting the shielding effectiveness of metallized nonwovens. In response, this study embarks on a exploration aimed at formulating a mathematical model capable of predicting the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness specific to metallized nonwoven fabrics. By converting the nonwoven parameters into suitable woven parameters and optimizing the existing models, a refined mathematical model is proposed. To validate the feasibility of the model, experimental verification is conducted using three commercial copper coated nonwoven polyester fabrics CuPET10/20/30. At the 1.5 GHz frequency point, both the values derived from the newly prediction model and the experimental observations exhibited satisfied compatibility across all three samples. However, at the 3 GHz frequency point, a noticeable disparity was observed for CuPET10, with the experimental SE value measuring 47.78 dB, deviating from the SE range projected by the predictive model, which encompassed values between 41.18 dB and 45.76 dB. In contrast, the experimental SE values of CuPET20 and CuPET30 at 3 GHz stood at 57.8 dB and 68.56 dB, respectively, closely aligning with the model's predicted SE range of 53.6 dB–63.7 dB and 60.02 dB–70.65 dB, respectively. The two-sample p-test was performed in the frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 3 GHz. The results reveal a significant level of agreement between the average shielding effectiveness (SE) value predicted by the proposed model and the measured SE value from samples CuPET20 and CuPET30, which p value are 0.16 and 0.06.
The Effects of Laughter Yoga on Perceived Stress, Positive Psychological Capital, and Exercise Capacity in Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Han Shuangrong , Zhang Luyao , Li Qiufang , Wang Xiaokai , Lian Shali
Published: December 2023

Background:

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in China. Although chemotherapy is effective in improving clinical symptoms, it causes a variety of acute and chronic side effects, seriously aggravating the psychological stress of patients. Laughter Yoga as a new type of aerobic exercise can effectively reduce stress levels and increase positive mood in patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of laughter yoga on perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity in lung cancer patients.

Methods:

This study was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group trial. The study enrolled 84 lung cancer chemotherapy patients from a general hospital in central China. These patients were randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (n = 42 per group) after baseline assessments. Patients in the control group received routine care and those in the intervention group received laughter yoga intervention. Perceived stress, positive psychological capital, and exercise capacity were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention.

Results:

During the implementation of the study, there were 2 dropouts in each of the intervention and control groups. Ultimately, 80 patients in the control and intervention groups completed the trial. Patients who received laughter yoga intervention had significantly higher scores in positive psychological capital ( P < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.692) and exercise capacity ( P < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.659). Discernible differences were also observed in perceived stress ( P < .01, Cohen’s d = 1.087) between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that laughter yoga is an effective way and may produce beneficial effects on perceived stress, positive psychological capital and exercise capacity.
Explainable hierarchical clustering for patient subtyping and risk prediction
Authors: Werner Enrico , Clark Jeffrey N , Hepburn Alexander , Bhamber Ranjeet S , Ambler Michael , Bourdeaux Christopher P , McWilliams Christopher J , Santos-Rodriguez Raul
Published: December 2023

We present a pipeline in which machine learning techniques are used to automatically identify and evaluate subtypes of hospital patients admitted between 2017 and 2021 in a large UK teaching hospital. Patient clusters are determined using routinely collected hospital data, such as those used in the UK’s National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2). An iterative, hierarchical clustering process was used to identify the minimum set of relevant features for cluster separation. With the use of state-of-the-art explainability techniques, the identified subtypes are interpreted and assigned clinical meaning, illustrating their robustness. In parallel, clinicians assessed intracluster similarities and intercluster differences of the identified patient subtypes within the context of their clinical knowledge. For each cluster, outcome prediction models were trained and their forecasting ability was illustrated against the NEWS2 of the unclustered patient cohort. These preliminary results suggest that subtype models can outperform the established NEWS2 method, providing improved prediction of patient deterioration. By considering both the computational outputs and clinician-based explanations in patient subtyping, we aim to highlight the mutual benefit of combining machine learning techniques with clinical expertise.
Associations Between Serum Polar Oxygenated Carotenoids Level and Erectile Dysfunction in Men Older Than 40 Years
Authors: Wei Wen , Xu Xiangyun , Luo Qinghua , Cao Leihua
Published: December 2023

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin are polar oxygenated carotenoids found to be detectable in more than 95% of the population in the United States. Research has linked these carotenoids with lower coronary heart disease prevalence. This study investigates the association of serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin with erectile dysfunction (ED) among middle-aged and older men in the United States. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were independent variables. The outcome variable was ED. Analyzed data from 1,302 men (≥40 years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002 cross-sectional study were included. After adjusting for all covariates, serum lutein/zeaxanthin negatively correlated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 0.972, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.951, 0.994], p = .011). However, a U-shaped association between serum lutein/zeaxanthin and ED was detected in men with diabetes or prevalent cardiovascular disease. A U-shaped non-linear association was observed between β-cryptoxanthin levels and ED. These findings suggest that while both lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin are recognized as essential antioxidants, maintaining lower serum lutein/zeaxanthin levels and appropriate serum β-cryptoxanthin levels may offer potential benefits for individuals with ED. Further investigations, particularly prospective studies, are warranted to determine the role of serum lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin in the biological mechanism associated with ED.
Research on the motion control strategy of autonomous excavator based on online compensation
Authors: Gong Mingde , Zhang Yue , Jin Zhong , Liu Wenbin , Ji Chengyang
Published: December 2023

The motion control accuracy of the excavator manipulator is the primary guarantee for autonomous excavators to complete work tasks. This paper studies the motion control strategy of the manipulator of a certain autonomous excavator. By establishing a dynamic model of a 3-degree of freedom of excavator manipulator, the gravity term, inertia term, and centripetal force term in the model are equivalent to external disturbances for online compensation, which improves the motion control accuracy of the excavator manipulator. Based on the dynamic model, a control method of the bucket tooth tip trajectory of an autonomous excavator is proposed. The simulation and test results show that the maximum tracking errors of the joint angles of the boom, the bucket, and the bucket are reduced by 43.14, 26.56, and 51.05% respectively, and the average errors of the whole trajectory are reduced by 56.41, 61.33, and 64.26% respectively. The simulation and test results show that the proposed motion control strategy improves the operation accuracy of the excavator, and can effectively improve the operation accuracy and efficiency of the autonomous excavator.
Needs and preferences of REB members in the development of a new TCPS 2 training program in Canada
Authors: Xie Jiale , Stockley Denise , Hastings Truelove Amber , Marlin Susan , Zand Rachel , Payne Jennifer , Miller Miranda , Soleas Eleftherios
Published: December 2023

Despite advancements in human research ethics and the growing significance of Research Ethics Board (REB) members, educational opportunities specifically tailored to their needs remain lacking in many countries. In response to this gap, our research aims to understand the demographics, needs, and preferences for educational opportunities of REB members in Canada. We conducted a survey that found REB demographics to be diverse and have different perceptions of their roles on topics such as the evaluation of the scientific merit of studies and responsibilities to stakeholders. We found that REB members in general prefer online tutorials and webinars for their education. Educators interested in facilitating the development of future training programs should consider the needs and preferences of REB members outlined in this publication.
Comparison of computer-aided and manual measurements in the evaluation of carpal alignment
Authors: Sippo Robert , Huuska Kira , Höglund Theresa , Waris Eero
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare computer-aided analysis and different methods of manual measurements in the evaluation of carpal alignment. The radioscaphoid, radiolunate, radiocapitate and radiometacarpal angles were measured on cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans of 30 healthy wrists by automated software (Disior Ltd.) and by hand surgeons using lateral radiographs reconstructed from the CT data. Hand surgeons were either given ( n = 6) or not given ( n = 7) prior instructions on how to perform the measurements. Inter- and intra-observer reliability of manual measurements ranged from good to excellent (intra-class correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.77–0.99), being highest in specialists with standardized methods and in reconstructed radiographs with bone overlap digitally removed. Computer-aided software provided excellent intra-observer reliability (ICC 0.94–1.00) consistently and values that were highly comparable (mean difference range 1°–7°) with the manual measurements made in optimal settings. Computer-aided software provides an accurate and repeatable method to measure carpal alignment in CT scans, minimizing observational errors.
Pregnancy outcomes in female multiple sclerosis patients exposed to intramuscular interferon beta-1a or peginterferon beta-1a reported in a German Patient Support Programme – results from the non-interventional post-authorization safety study PRIMA
Authors: Klehmet Juliane , Begus-Nahrmann Yvonne , Taipale Kirsi , Niemczyk Gabriele , Rehberg-Weber Karin
Published: December 2023

Background:

Based on data from two large cohort studies, a label update became applicable for the class of interferon beta therapies in 9/2019, allowing interferons during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Objective:

To assess pregnancy outcomes of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) exposed to peginterferon beta-1a or intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy (IFN).

Design:

Non-interventional post-authorization safety study.

Methods:

PRIMA was conducted from April to October 2021 in Germany. Retrospective pregnancy data were retrieved from adult female patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome, exposed to IFN before or during pregnancy and registered in the patient support programme (PSP) of the marketing authorization holder’s MS Service Centre. The primary endpoint was the outcome of pregnancy. Prospective postpartum data were collected from mothers reporting live births.

Results:

In total, 426 women reporting 542 pregnancies between December 2001 and July 2020 (14 pregnancies after the label update) were enrolled. Among patients with confirmed exposure during pregnancy ( N = 362), 306 pregnancies (84.5%) resulted in live births (77.6% without defects, 1.9% with defects and 4.4% preterm). Spontaneous abortion, elective termination and stillbirth were reported in 10.9%, 2.8% and 0.2% of the cases, respectively. Higher rates of spontaneous abortions were reported in women with continuous IFN use. A total of 162 women completed the questionnaire for 192 live births within the prospective study part. Mothers restarted IFN therapy or switched to another disease-modifying therapy postpartum in 51.0% and 14.1% of cases, respectively. 158/192 infants (82.3%) were breastfed [34/158 (21.5%)] during IFN therapy. Postpartum relapse activity was low (mothers of 87.3% of breastfed infants remained relapse-free during lactation).

Conclusion:

Overall, the prevalence of spontaneous abortions and congenital anomalies of females exposed to IFN exposure before or during pregnancy was within the range reported for the general population. Most mothers paused IFN during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Relapse activity during pregnancy and lactation was observed to be low. These real-world data from a PSP corroborate European and Scandinavian registry data.

Trial registration:

NCT04655222, EUPAS38347.
PARP inhibitor combinations with high-dose vitamin C in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma: two case reports and mechanistic overview
Authors: Adibi Ashkan , Tokat Ünal Metin , Özgü Eylül , Aydın Esranur , Demiray İrem , Demiray Mutlu
Published: December 2023

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a bone and soft tissue tumor that mainly occurs at a young age. The underlying cause of Ewing’s sarcoma is the formation of fusion proteins between FET family genes and ETS family genes. Tumors with FET/ETS fusion genes can have defects in the DNA damage response and are sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). However, several studies have shown that PARPi alone is not sufficient to induce a meaningful antitumor response and that combinations of DNA-damaging agents with PARPi are required to achieve efficacy. Accordingly, preclinical studies have reported dramatic responses to PARPi treatment in combination with DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide or irinotecan. Similarly, it has been previously reported that by generating reactive oxygen species, high-dose intravenous vitamin C (IVC) can induce DNA damage. This suggests that the combination of IVC with PARPi may increase genotoxic stress and enhance the antitumor response. In addition, unlike chemotherapeutic agents, IVC induces DNA damage selectively in cancer cells, and the side effects are significantly milder than those of chemotherapy. As ETS fusion-positive ES is deficient in faithful DNA repair, partly due to the interaction between ETS fusion products and PARP1, a PARPi plus IVC seems to be a logical and effective combination for the treatment of ETS fusion-positive ES. This paper reports significant responses to IVC (1–1.5 g/kg) in combination with PARPi (olaparib 300 mg BID or talazoparib 1 mg/day) in two patients with metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma. The observations highlight an unmet therapeutic need for patients with advanced metastatic ES. The combination of PARPi with a selective DNA-damaging agent was effective in these cases. This case experience suggests that IVC may be incorporated into PARPi-based therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this combination in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma with ETS fusions.
Mental and behavioural disorders increase the risk of tendon rupture after flexor tendon repair in zone I and II
Authors: Svingen Jonas , Arner Marianne
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The effect of mental and behavioural disorders (MBD) on the risk of tendon ruptures after flexor tendon repair is not well understood. This study aimed to analyse the association between MBD and tendon rupture after flexor tendon repair in zones I and II.

Methods

Data from the Swedish National Registry for Hand Surgery (HAKIR) on patients with a complete flexor tendon repair at our department between 2012 and 2019 were followed for a minimum of 2 years to assess the rate of rupture. Independent variables were collected from HAKIR and clinical records: prevalence MBD based on ICD-10 codes F0-F99, age, sex, injured tendon, number of injured fingers, day to surgery, core suture, digital nerve injury, smoking, injury mechanism, and rehabilitation method. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between variables.

Results

A cohort of 593 patients with 49 ruptures (8.2%) was identified. Potential causes of rupture were non-adherence behaviour in 16 (33%), accidents in seven (14%), infections in six (12%), and no clear cause in 20 (41%) patients. Patients with MBD had an association to rupture (OR 3.6), 17.7% ruptures compared to 7.2% in patients with no diagnosed disorders. Patients >50 years of age had a higher risk compared to patients <25 years (OR 4.3), 15% compared to 3.9%' respectively. Men had a higher risk compared to women (OR 2.9), 10% compared to 4.3%' respectively.

Conclusion

We identified an association between the prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders and rupture after flexor tendon repair.
Acceptability of a cross-sectoral hospital pharmacist intervention for patients in transition between hospital and general practice: a mixed methods study
Authors: Sørensen Charlotte Arp , Jeffery Linda , Roelsgaard Klaus , Gram Solveig , Falhof Jannik , Harbig Philipp , Olesen Charlotte
Published: December 2023

Background and objective:

Drug-related problems (DRPs) are often seen when a patient is transitioning from one healthcare sector to another, for example, when a patient moves from the hospital to a General Practice (GP) setting. This transition creates an opportunity for information on medication changes and follow-up plans to be lost. A cross-sectoral hospital pharmacist intervention was developed and pilot-tested in a large GP clinic. The intervention included medication history, medication reconciliation, medication review, follow-up telephone calls, identification of possible DRPs and communication with the GP. It is unknown whether the intervention is transferable to other GP clinics. The aim of the study was to explore similarities and differences between GP clinics in descriptive data and intervention acceptability.

Methods:

A convergent mixed methods study design was used. The intervention was tested in four GP clinics with differing characteristics. Quantitative data on the GP clinics, patients and pharmacist activities were collected. Qualitative data on the acceptability were collected through focus group interviews with general practitioners, nurses and pharmacists. The Theoretical Framework of Acceptability was used.

Results:

Overall, the intervention was found acceptable and relevant by all. There were differences between the GP clinics in terms of size, daily physician work form and their use of pharmacists for ad hoc tasks. There were similarities in patient characteristics across GP clinics. Therefore, the intervention was found equally relevant for all of the clinics. Shared employment with unique access to health records in both sectors was important in the identification and resolution of DRPs. Economy was a barrier for further implementation.

Conclusions:

The intervention was found acceptable and relevant by all; therefore, it was considered transferable to other GP clinics. Hospital pharmacists were perceived to be relevant healthcare professionals to be utilized in GP, in hospitals and in the cross-sectoral transition of patients.
An Instrumental Case Study of the Online Learning Experience of Macau University Students During Covid-19: What Kind of Online Presence Matters?
Authors: Li Yulong
Published: December 2023

Under the influence of Covid-19, most universities worldwide transitioned from face-to-face pedagogy to online hybrid learning. As a result, scholarly publications about this transition are rapidly accumulating. However, to date, there are few studies published in international journals investigating online education in Macau during the pandemic, particularly on the feeling of presence when Macau students study online. Using an instrumental case study at a university in Macau, this research explored online learning during the pandemic. The interviewees reported a lack of embodied presence in online learning. Nevertheless, many of them enjoyed this learning mode, as it provided a more reciprocal classroom, flexibility and convenience. The interviewees also believe the lack of physicality is not the determining challenge affecting online learning, suggesting that joint efforts and collaboration between peers, better-designed pedagogy for teachers, smoother teacher-student communication channels, the university’s online policymaking, and the support of infrastructure, online teaching quality could all be improved. This result questions the emphasis on bodily presence in the online learning environment and the drawing of a stark divide between online and offline. In contrast, it endorses the concepts of presence under a framework of a Community of Inquiry, which is a more post-digital view, welcoming the seamless combination of the online and offline world within contemporary society.
Ownership Structure and Bank Performance in Emerging Market Economy: Evidence From Nigerian Listed Deposit Money Banks
Authors: Nwude Emmanuel Chuke , Zakirai Musa Sani , Nwude Comfort Amaka
Published: December 2023

In the emerging market economies the influencing power of different strands of ownership structure and ownership concentration on the risk-adjusted returns on assets and equity, dividend yield, earnings, and cost-to income ratio of listed deposit money banks has not been thoroughly investigated. The diminutive research and equivocal findings of previous studies on this subject create grounds for further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which these three constructs relate in listed deposit money banks an emerging market economy, Nigeria. Panel data multiple regressions were applied to data extracted from the annual reports from 2009 to 2020 to test the six hypotheses. The results indicate that the disaggregated ownership structure and concentrated ownership relate positively and significantly to the bank performance indices, thereby supporting convergence of owners and managers interests which reduces the agency problems and increases the financial performance of firms. The novelty of this study is the introduction of new indices for measuring performance, ownership structure and concentration which are total departure from the usual method in both emerging and developed market economies. Further research can be extended in other economies using the same computational methods.
The Cancer Diaspora: A Rare Case of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of Appendiceal Origin
Authors: Bathobakae Lefika , Ozgur Sacide S. , Jariwala Mohita , Kesrani Jaydev , Ajas Shajla , Kumar Mehandar , Akmal Amer
Published: December 2023

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical entity characterized by widespread mucinous implants in the peritoneal cavity. Commonly seen in females in their 50s, PMP typically originates from ruptured appendiceal mucoceles that find refuge in the peritoneal space. Rarely, PMP may originate from the ovary, stomach, colon, or pancreas. Pseudomyxoma peritonei of colorectal origin is more malignant and has a lower survival rate. We report a case of a 59-year-old Hispanic woman with PMP who presented to the emergency room with a 3-month history of progressive abdominal distention. Pseudomyxoma peritonei was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis and histopathology, and the patient underwent partial cytoreductive surgery. Given her Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1 despite extensive carcinomatosis, our patient may benefit from hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the future.