bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATA: Um Ambiente para Combate Automático de Fake News em Redes Sociais Virtuais
Authors: Fonseca Augusto José M. da , Moreira Carlos Henrique da S. , Machado Gabriel Resende , Freire Paulo Márcio Souza , Goldschmidt Ronaldo Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

The propagation of fake news on social media has been increasing significantly in the last years. Despite the existence of applications that aim at suppressing the proliferation of fake news written in Portuguese, it was noticed the proposed solutions present a passive behavior regarding two aspects: (i) they are limited to identifying potential fake news only from content introduced by their users, as well as (ii) the absence of any procedures to combat disinformation. Therefore, this article presents AUTOMATA, an automated tool for combating fake news written in Portuguese. AUTOMATA periodically monitors posts made on social media and relies on Artificial Intelligence to detect suspicious fake news. After the detection process, AUTOMATA adopts a two-pronged approach to autonomously mitigate the widespread of this content, either by emitting posts on social media for warning about potential fake news or by sending the detected content to be curated by fact-checking agencies. This article also reports an experience in partnership with Ministério da Saúde for the application of AUTOMATA in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
Developing a System for Graphical Analysis of Brainwaves During Media Consumption
Authors: Silva Thiago Henrique Coelho Tavares da , Cavalcanti Matheus Dantas , Marinho Isaac Nóbrega , Becker Valdecir
Published: October 2022

This paper describes a data visualization artifact, designed to capture, analyze and generate an imprint of the user’s brainwaves from electroencephalographic readings in realtime during the consumption of media content. Such waves, naturally emitted by the human brain, will be mapped, categorized, stored and graphically printed within the scope of the Design Science Research methodology. The generated Brain Computer Interface can be used as an input in various systems, such as neuromarketing and media recommendation. Given that experience and perception of media consumption is variable and, therefore, subjective among individuals, this research aims to obtain relevant data in the context of studying multimedia interaction and development.
Mood Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil through Music
Authors: Paula Bruna C. M. , Oliveira Gabriel P. , Moro Mirella M.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the oscillation in the general feelings of the Brazilian population during the Pandemic through the songs consumed. We analyze Brazilian streaming musical consumption between 2019 and 2021. In special, we focus on special dates that have changed history, such as the beginning of the pandemic in the country, the dates of increase in cases, milestone dates in deaths, the beginning of vaccination, among others. Data was collected through Spotify API and made publicly available. Our results show people have preferred more danceable and positive songs during the period analyzed.
Governance-Fragen des Geodatenmanagements
Authors: Kruse Kathrin Annika , Seckelmann Margrit , Zern-Breuer Rubina
Published: October 2022

Durch einheitliches Geodatenmanagement können digitale Geodaten für verschiedenste gemeinwohlorientierte Aufgaben durch die Verwaltungen optimiert zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Umsetzungsdruck, diese interoperabel und nutzer:innenfreundlich bereitzustellen, wird nicht nur durch die europäische INSPIRE-Richtlinie erzeugt, sondern zeigt sich sowohl in aktuellen Umweltkrisen als auch im wachsenden Bedarf der Bürgerschaft an einer zukunftsorientierten, datenbasierten Verwaltung. Rheinland-Pfalz positioniert sich hierbei mit bottom-up-orientierten Governance-Ansätzen: Ein landesweiter, quervernetzter Basisdienst könnte als Element eines einzurichtenden Geodatenverbundes Rheinland-Pfalz als ressortübergreifender Daten-, Dienste- und Kompetenzverbund gestaltet werden. Dies wurde im Projekt „Voruntersuchung zur Einführung eines einheitlichen Geodatenmanagements in Rheinland-Pfalz (rlp-GDM)“ des rheinland-pfälzischen Ministeriums des Innern und für Sport in Zusammenarbeit mit dem WITI-Innovationslabor an der Deutschen Universität für Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer, dem Deutschen Forschungsinstitut für öffentliche Verwaltung und der Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar GmbH analysiert.
The transforming role of the European Commission in the EU integration process
Authors: Popova Lubomira
Published: October 2022

Within the current geopolitical atmosphere of instability and insecurity on the eastern borders of the EU, enlargement has resurfaced as a topic of high priority, being a basic condition for the future of European integration. The effectiveness of EU enlargement policy, largely considered as the most successful EU policy, is starting to raise serious concerns. A key problem of the EU’s approach so far has been the extreme role of the European Commission as a political actor conducting a discretionary policy, hidden behind the claim of a completely strict, objective assessment based on the merits of the candidate countries. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative empirical analysis, and using the symptomatic example of Bulgaria, this article aims to understand how the Commission has perceived the specificities of the task of expanding to the post-communist countries of central and eastern Europe and how, based on this perception, it has built its interaction with them. The author concludes that the failures of the policy need to be remedied if future enlargements to the western Balkans are to be successful.
Characteristics of the Tropical Hardwood – Tree Species for Renewable Energy Production in Zambia
Authors: Shakacite Obote , Ngandwe Phillimon , Nyirenda Vincent , Chungu Donald
Published: October 2022

This work studied the diversity, abundance, and distribution of 25 most suitable indigenous tropical hardwood tree species for value-added renewable energy production. The study aimed to assess relative abundance, diversity, distribution, current status, and uses by local communities of these species which are still poorly known. The study is based on data from nationwide remeasured permanent sample plots for Zambia covering different types of forests in agro-ecological zones 1 and 2. Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥2.5 cm was collected and analyzed in all plots. The study approach included informant interviews that focused on species’ uses and their availability in the surrounding forests and woodlands and species population inventory of the natural forests and woodlands. The tree species for renewable energy production were determined. The species were identified on the basis of abundance, diversity, regeneration status, and perceived utilization. The study observed the need to manage hardwood supply sustainably, promote lesser-known hardwood tree species, and diversify their use in the wood industry. The intervention of government and other stakeholders to tackle wood fuel production problem using collaborative approach is emphasized.
Characteristics and Process Interactions in Natural Fluvial–Riparian Ecosystems: A Synopsis of the Watershed-Continuum Model
Authors: E. Stevens Lawrence , R. Johnson Raymond , Estes Christopher
Published: October 2022

The watershed-continuum model (WCM) describes fluvial-riparian ecosystems (FREs) as dynamic reach-based ecohydrogeological riverine landscapes linking aquatic, riparian, and upland domains within watersheds. FRE domains include aquatic (channels, hyporheic zones, springs, other groundwater zones and in-channel lakes), riparian, and adjacent upland zones, all of which can interact spatio-temporally. Occupying only a minute proportion of the terrestrial surface, FREs contain and process only a tiny fraction of the Earth’s freshwater, but often are highly productive, flood-disturbed, and ecologically interactive, supporting diverse, densely-packed biotic assemblages and socio-cultural resource uses and functions. FRE biodiversity is influenced by hydrogeomorphology, ecotonal transitions, and shifting habitat mosaics across stage elevation. Thus, the WCM integrates physical, biological, and socio-cultural characteristics, elements, and processes of FREs. Here, we summarize and illustrate the WCM, integrating diverse physical and ecological conceptual models to describe natural (unmanipulated) FRE dynamics. We integrate key processes affecting FRE forms and functions, and illustrate reach-based organization across temporal and spatial scales. Such a holistic approach into natural FRE structure and functions provides a baseline against which to measure and calibrate ecosystem alteration, management, and rehabilitation potential. Integration of groundwater, fluvial, and lacustrine ecological interactions within entire basins supports long-term, seasonally-based sustainable river management, which has never been more urgently needed.
Aged Biochar for the Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: Analysis through an Experimental Case the Physicochemical Property Changes of Field Aging Biochar and Its Effects on the Immobilization Mechanism for Heavy Metal
Authors: Zhang Run-Hua , Shi Lin-Fang , Li Zhi-Guo , Zhou Guo-Lin , Xie Yan-Lan , Huang Xing-Xue , Ye An-Hua , Lin Chu-Fa
Published: October 2022

Heavy metal inducing contamination soil has become a serious concern. Contaminated soil can cause physiochemical and biochemical changes into soil and the plants. Thus, the plant growth and the yield were affected. In additionally, that ultimately leads to the problem of food security and human health. In recent years, many kinds of ways were used for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, such as isolation, phytoremediation, immobilization, extraction, and soil washing. As a new carbon-rich material, biochar has been applied to the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. As biochar is rich with porous structure, high cation exchange capacity, pH value, and surface function, it has become an adsorbent for soil heavy metal remediation. While, with time, the capacity of biochar to immobilize the heavy metals may be modified as the sorption sites may get occupied with native soil organic matter or competing contaminant, etc. And that the physicochemical properties of biochar changed significantly during field aging. Thus, to clarify the mechanism of field-aged biochar for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, we analysis, through an experimental case, the physicochemical property changes of field-aged biochar and its effects on the immobilization mechanism for heavy metal.
Piracy in Modern International Law
Authors: Anyanova Ekaterina
Published: October 2022

This chapter scrutinizes practical implications of the current issues of piracy in the international law as well as the efforts of the coastal states and international navies in addressing this crime. The lowest number in reported piracy and armed robbery incidents since 1994 was registered in first half of 2022. It was reached by means of the armed guards, increased naval presence and proper application by ship owners of the Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security. The chapter also examines the geographical and conceptual limitations of the definition of the piracy, what results in the use of more broad terms: the concept of ‘maritime violence’ in theory, a broad definition of piracy in commercial contracts. The practice of ransom payment is considered in the absence of the ransom-related rule of international law as well as such negative effect of the ransoms payment as further supporting of pirate activity. The chapter also demonstrates the negative impact of the regional tensions on the number of the piratical and robbery attacks (for example, the case of South China Sea and the Gulf of Aden) and the need of the further inter-state cooperation in the area of combatting piracy.
Banco de plântulas e sucessão ecológica em fragmento de mata ciliar no Baixo São Francisco
Authors: Duarte Juliana Maria Moreira , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Jesus Janisson Batista de , Gama Dráuzio Correia , Marroquim Paula Maria Guimarães , Almeida Ednei Santos de
Published: October 2022

A importância da avaliação do banco de plântulas é a obtenção do levantamento de informações sobre a regeneração natural dos ecossistemas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o banco de plântulas, identificando e analisando a participação das espécies envolvidas no processo de sucessão natural em um fragmento de mata ciliar no assentamento Sambambira, município de Santana do São Francisco, Sergipe. Foram distribuídas, em três ambientes distintos (fundo de vale, encosta e platô), 25 parcelas com dimensões de 20 m x 20 m, nas quais foram instaladas em seu interior sub-parcelas de 1 m². Todos os indivíduos encontrados nas sub-parcelas, com mínimo de 10 cm a no máximo de 100 cm de altura, foram identificados, quantificados e medidos. Foram analisados os parâmetros fitossociológicos e índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) e de equabilidade de Pielou (J’). Os grupos ecológicos foram identificados, bem como o efeito dos ambientes no banco de plântulas através da análise de variância. Foram amostrados 1.618 indivíduos, sendo encontradas 117 morfoespécies pertencentes a 24 famílias. A densidade média mensal foi de 16,18 plântulas m-². As espécies Ruellia sp. e Pavonia cancellata foram as mais abundantes no banco de plântulas. O fragmento apresentou elevada diversidade do estrato regenerante em processo inicial de sucessão secundária, indicando autorregenerarão da vegetação.
ArVirInd—a database of arboviral antigenic proteins from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Atre Nitin Motilal , Alagarasu Kalichamy , Shil Pratip
Published: October 2022

Background

Studies on antigenic proteins for arboviruses are important for providing diagnostics and vaccine development. India and its neighboring countries have a huge burden of arboviral diseases. Data mining for country-specific sequences from existing bioinformatics databases is cumbersome and time-consuming. This necessitated the development of a database of antigenic proteins from arboviruses isolated from the countries of the Indian subcontinent.

Methods

Arboviral antigenic protein sequences were obtained from the NCBI and other databases. In silico antigenic characterization was performed (Epitope predictions) and data was incorporated into the database. The front end was designed and developed using HTML, CSS, and PHP. For the backend of the database, we have used MySQL.

Results

A database, named ArVirInd, is created as a repository of information on curated antigenic proteins. This enlists sequences by country and year of outbreak or origin of the viral strain. For each entry, antigenic information is provided along with functional sites, etc. Researchers can search this database by virus/protein name, country, and year of collection (or in combination) as well as peptide search for epitopes. It is available publicly via the Internet at http://www.arvirind.co.in. ArVirInd will be useful in the study of immune informatics, diagnostics, and vaccinology for arboviruses.
Correlation between Maternal Mid Upper Arm Circumference and Neonatal Birth Weight: A Case-control Study
Authors: Borkar Avinash , Deshmukh Namita , Joshi Abhishek , Ambad Ranjit , Nagpure Shailesh , Borkar Sonali , Khan Kamran , Makde Jagdish
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Birth weight is the best marker of optimal fetal growth and development. Apart from being an important determinant of newborn survival, Low Birth Weight (LBW) also indicates nutritional deprivation and poor health of the mother during and before pregnancy. On the other hand, Maternal nutrition and anthropometry also affect infant’s birth weight. Aim: To find out the correlation of maternal Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and neonatal birth weight. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre (tertiary care hospital), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from September 2021 to February 2022. Convenient sampling method was used to select cases and control. All the mothers who had delivered full term live singleton new born with birth weight <2.5 kg were selected as a case and mothers who had delivered singleton new born babies ≥2.5 kg were selected as a control. There was a total of 100 mother-infant dyads with 50 pairs having infant with LBW (cases) and the rest 50 with infants having normal birth weight (controls). Data was collected on the socio-demographic status of the mothers using a predesigned questionnaire along with their weight (from record), maternal MUAC measurement, and birth weight of their babies. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: Mean age of cases was 24.48±2.757 years and that of controls was 24.52±2.255 years. Mean birth weight was 2206±200.9 gm for cases and 2934±305.79 gm for the control group. Maternal MUAC was ≤23 cm in 52% of cases and only 16% in controls (OR- 5.69, CI: 2.23-13.74, p-value=0.001) A linear correlation was found between maternal MUAC and birth weight (r-value=0.3376, p-value=0.001). Conclusion: As there was a positive correlation between maternal MUAC ≤23 cm and LBW babies, maternal MUAC can be used as a predictor of LBW, and hence, measurement of maternal MUAC should be included during antenatal check-ups.
Food and movements of the Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksi escondidus in the Western Australian wheatbelt
Authors: Saunders Denis A.
Published: October 2022

The diet and movements of a breeding population of the Red-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksi escondidus was studied between spring 1974 and the end of 1981 at Nereeno Hill in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australian. The birds fed almost exclusively on the seed of Double Gee Emex australis, an introduced, prolific, agricultural weed. When incubating and raising young nestlings, parents foraged within 5 km of their breeding area. However, once their nestlings were older, they often foraged more than 20 km from their nest hollows, commuting over an hour in the early morning and again in the evening. In doing so, they passed over available food, to join large, non-breeding, foraging flocks. Once the birds finished breeding they foraged widely in large flocks of over 1000 birds, up to 200 km from their breeding area. The dependence on the seed of an agricultural weed for food has allowed the birds to increase their distribution and abundance, but is a potential threat to the cockatoos, as any control measure that severely reduces the density of Double Gee may adversely impact on the distribution of the cockatoos in the southern part of their range.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER: A CASE REPORT
Authors: S Sriman Narayanan , PK Arathi
Published: October 2022

Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic, recurrent disorder characterized by episodes of non–mood-associated psychosis and mood episodes (manic or depressed) with psychotic features. According to Ayurveda, the present case report deals with schizoaffective disorder diagnosed and treated as Vatapittaja Unmada. A 36-year-old female patient presenting with increased self-talk and thoughts was managed with internal and external medications. The assessment was done before and after treatment using PANSS and BPRS, and there was a considerable reduction in the symptoms. This single case report attempts to document the changes in symptoms produced due to the administration of Ayurveda medicines both internally and externally.
EFFECT OF VAMANA KARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHOULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DYSLIPIDEMIA: A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Bahute Pratik D. , Bhatted Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of worldwide mortality. Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that can be recognized as elevated or declined lipid levels or both. It is a significant risk factor in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease initiation and progression. The association of dyslipidemia with Type2 diabetes mellitus (DM) as comorbidity for cardiovascular events. Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of Vamana karma in the management of dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients in the age group 20-60 years were included in the study. Subjects were administered Vamana karma with Madanaphala pippali Churna, Vatsaka beeja and Kovidara Kashaya. Results: The data shows a significant effect of therapy on weight, BMI, Waist Hip ratio, total cholesterol, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio. It shows Statistically substantial changes in Jaranashakti, Abhyavaranashakti, Ruchi, Vata mutra purisha visarga, Sukhenach pratibodhanam. Conclusion: Vamana karma is a safe and highly effective therapy in managing dyslipidemia. Vamana Karma is an effective therapy for reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and LDL/HDL ratio.
UNDERSTANDING MOTION SICKNESS THROUGH AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: KH Misriya , Patil Suma , Katti Anand
Published: October 2022

In the present era, so many newly formed diseases are not explained in ayurvedic classics. Motion sickness is one such kind. It is a sick feeling triggered by movement. Anukta vyadhi siddhanta is one of the principles of the Ayurveda, which gives us the directions to understand the newly formed diseases. Unsaid diseases can be studied based on the etiological factors and their pathogenesis. Though Motion sickness is not explained in Ayurveda Samhita, our Samhitas has explained how to learn, diagnose and treat such diseases. In this article, an attempt has been made to apply the knowledge of Anukta vyadhi in the context of Motion sickness.
Use of Compost Fertilizer from Sheep Manure and Chicken Manure on Bengal Grass Growth (Panicum maximum) after First Harvest
Authors: Tarigan Josua Verganta , Putra Andhika , Sitepu Sukma Aditya
Published: October 2022

This study at to determine the effect of manure on the growth and production of fresh forage tall elephant grass. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were as follows: Po = control (without fertilizer), P1 = cow manure; P2 = sheep manure and chicken manure P3. The results showed that the use of some types of manure to the planting of elephant grass was highly significant (p <0.01) in the plant height, leaf length, number of tillers and fresh forage production.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Some Metal Complexes Formed by Substituted Thiourea
Authors: Swarnabala G. , Khatavkar S. B. , Sadana G. S. , Bharadwaj Anahita
Published: October 2022

In view of unique physico-chemical observations affecting the geometry and various properties of the substituted thiourea complexes in literature along with several biological activities, N-(hydroxy)-N,N-diphenyl thiourea was taken up for study.  Complexes with geometries of high spin octahedral for iron(II), cobalt(II); tetrahedral & square planar for nickel(II); and dimeric square planar for copper chloride, copper perchlorate, copper acetate and distorted octahedral for copper nitrate were synthesized and characterized based on magnetic moments, visible spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, electron spin resonance, infrared spectral studies, and thermal analysis.

Interestingly, the nature of anion influenced the geometry, the complex from copper nitrate salt resulted in a distorted octahedral structure and complexes formed from copper chloride, copper perchlorate, copper acetate exhibited sub-normal magnetic moments, highly insoluble in the most common organic solvents and water. Based on these and spectral data, polymeric or square-planar dimeric geometry with sulfur bridging between copper atoms is proposed.  It was confirmed by the application of Bleaney-Bower’s equation for magnetic susceptibility, applicable to dimeric copper complexes.

The overall thermal behavior of the ligand and complexes were observed and the detailed calculations interestingly lead to confirmation of the above proposed geometrical structures.
The Effect of Trace Mineral Supplementations on Egg Production and Quality: A Review
Authors: Nair Prasanth M. , Anil . , Sivaprasad M. S. , Anand V. M. , Akash . , Singh Amit Kumar , Yadav Sukanshi , Gujjalkar Prashant , Jisna K. S. , Rahman A. T. Faslu , Chouraddi Rakesh , Durge Ajay , Jigyasha .
Published: October 2022

This review aimed to study and discuss the effects of organic and inorganic sources of trace minerals; zinc, copper, and manganese in the diet of laying hens on egg production and quality. These trace minerals are required in producing proteins that are involved in various biochemical reactions, hormone secretion pathways, eggshell formation, antioxidative properties, immune system defence, etc. The results of different studies were not always consistent, mainly concerning the egg quality indices; however, most of the findings have shown positive effects of these trace minerals on laying hens. Recent studies have shown organic minerals are a more effective source than inorganic. The benefit of using organic sources is their lower inclusion rates due to their better absorption rate and the low output through excreta.
Nonspecific phospholipase C3 of radish has phospholipase D activity towards glycosylinositol phosphoceramide
Authors: Hasi Rumana Yesmin , Ishikawa Toshiki , Sunagawa Keigo , Takai Yoshimichi , Ali Hanif , Hayashi Junji , Kawakami Ryushi , Yuasa Keizo , Aihara Mutsumi , Kanemaru Kaori , Imai Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tamotsu
Published: October 2022

Glycosylinositol phosphoceramide (GIPC) is a major sphingolipid in the plasma membranes of plants. Previously, we found an enzyme activity that produces phytoceramide 1‐phosphate (PC1P) by hydrolysis of the D position of GIPC in cabbage and named this activity as GIPC‐phospholipase D (PLD). Here, we purified GIPC‐PLD by sequential chromatography from radish roots. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis revealed that the potential candidate for GIPC‐PLD protein was nonspecific phospholipase C3 (NPC3), which has not been characterized as a PLD. The recombinant NPC3 protein obtained by heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli produced PC1P from GIPC and showed essentially the same enzymatic properties as those we characterized as GIPC‐PLD in cabbage, radish and Arabidopsis thaliana. From these results, we conclude that NPC3 is one of the enzymes that degrade GIPC.
A general optimal adaptive framework for managing a threatened species
Authors: Nicol Sam , Ferrer‐Mestres Jonathan , Lloyd Hannah , Brazill‐Boast James , Gorrod Emma , Chades Iadine
Published: October 2022

Managers must determine which interventions best protect threatened species when the outcomes of interventions are uncertain. Adaptive management is a dynamic optimization approach that generates optimal management actions based on current knowledge while learning to improve future management outcomes. Although adaptive management theory is well‐developed, uptake has been impeded by its complexity and a tendency to develop bespoke solutions with high implementation costs for problem‐specific returns.

To increase uptake of adaptive management and improve threat management for species recovery, we developed a general adaptive management decision model, framed as a Mixed Observability Markov Decision process. We embraced principles of generality, simplicity and interpretability to overcome previous implementation challenges. We created a general model structure that is applicable to any species–threat combination, thus avoiding the need to develop customized models for every species. Simplicity was achieved by minimizing states to reduce the information requirements for parameterization. To improve interpretability, we implemented our method as a Shiny application and employed a recent artificial intelligence approach to simplify the optimal strategy. We applied our approach to a case study of fox impacts on a threatened marsupial.

Our case study shows that when one management action is robust to uncertainty, the value of information of optimal adaptive management may be low. Cases like these highlight species–threat combinations where investment in adaptive management is not required.

Our tool provides a rapid prototype adaptive management approach with minimal cost to management agencies. Our simple yet general model structure improves efficiency for implementing adaptive management for large numbers of threatened species, improving the effectiveness of conservation investments.
Oral Complications of Cancer and Their Treatment
Authors: Sonis Stephen T. , Yuan Anna , Villa Alessandro
Published: October 2022

Overview

The oral cavity is uniquely heterogeneous relative to tissue types, microbiome, immunology, and fluidic environment which make it a sentinnental site for manifestations of both acute and late cancer regimen‐related toxicities. The rapid turnover of its non‐keratinized mucosa is subject to a radiation and chemotherapy initiated biological cascade that results in dramatic epithelial injury. Osteonecrosis of the jaws is associated with bisphosphonate and radiation. A diverse and shifting microflora parallels myelosuppressive treatment or drug‐ and radiation‐induced xerostomia resulting in secondary infections and a bacterial repository for bacteremia and sepsis. Exacerabation of dental caries and periodontal disease is a common consequence of treatment. Virtually every form of current cancer treatment from conventional cytotoxic regimens to the most innovative forms of targeted and immunotherapy are associated with the risk of toxic manifestations in the mouth. Preventive and management strategies can be helpful in attenuating risk and modulating the severity of these complications. Given the potential disproportionate impact of oral complications on patient outcomes, it is incumbent on providers to assure that the mouth is not overlooked in the overall management of the patient being treated for cancer.
Multiscale Strain Field Characterization in Flexible Planar Auxetic Metamaterials with Rotating Squares
Authors: Uddin Kazi Zahir , Pagliocca Nicholas , Anni Ibnaj Anamika , Youssef George , Koohbor Behrad
Published: October 2022

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials show significant potential to impact many engineering fields and have been a topic of considerable research interest in recent years. Existing literature on the topic often aims to achieve larger negative Poisson's ratios or tailorable responses by carefully designed and distributed unit cells. Herein, it is aimed to investigate the relationships between global and local strain fields in rectangular center‐symmetric perforated planar structures, thus highlighting the role of local morphology on the macroscopic material response. Additively manufactured samples with hyperelastic constitutive behavior are characterized under tension. The structures are designed and developed with several perforation aspect ratios, leading to various degrees of auxeticity. Global and local strain fields are characterized using a multiscale digital image correlation measurement approach. The local rotation and in‐plane strain fields generated within the solid portions of the unit cells are correlated with the global strain fields and macroscopic Poisson's ratios for a range of cell geometries. The interplay between cell rotation and strain at the meso (unit cell) scale is shown to be the dominant factor in the strain‐dependent evolution of the Poisson's ratio in the structures.
Unexpected Redispersion Effect of Au Nanoclusters for Enormous Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Stability and Activity
Authors: Xiao Xiang‐Yu , Song Zong‐Yin , Xie Huanyu , Zhao Yong‐Huan , Chen Shi‐Hua , Li Yong‐Yu , Yang Meng , Li Pei‐Hua , Ji Hengxing , Huang Xing‐Jiu
Published: October 2022

The irreconcilable conflict between stability and excellent electrocatalytic activity of Au nanoclusters greatly limits their application. Extensive efforts are devoted to fabricating various substrates to immobilize Au nanoclusters while it is still challenging to maintain its electrocatalytic activities for long term tasks due to the highly reactive environments that the Au nanoclusters encounter in electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, an unexpected “redispersion effect” is discovered when Au25 nanoclusters are loaded on the nanocomposites of black phosphorus and N‐doped graphene (AuCs/BP‐NG), forming the sandwich configuration with the enhanced stability. The size of Au nanoclusters reduce from 1.56 ± 0.5 to 1.04 ± 0.2 nm, leading to improved catalytic ability. Such redispersion effect yields a super‐high electrocatalytic performance of the AuCs/BP‐NG toward Cr(VI) sensing that the detection sensitivity achieved 0.414 µA ppb−1, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the state‐of‐the‐art value. Compared with BP‐NG and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded on BP‐NG (AuNPs/BP‐NG), the lowest reaction barrier in the rate‐determining steps of H2CrO4 reduction is observed. The findings provide an opportunity to develop a superior electrocatalyst in the community of energy and environment‐related electrocatalysis.
Engineering Pore Nanostructure of Carbon Cathodes for Zinc Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Jian Wenbin , Zhang Wenli , Wei Xueer , Wu Bingchi , Liang Wanling , Wu Ying , Yin Jian , Lu Ke , Chen Yanan , Alshareef Husam N. , Qiu Xueqing
Published: October 2022

Zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) with both high power density and high energy density have tremendous potential for energy storage applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. However, the large radius of hydrated Zn2+ ions hampers their efficient storage in micropores with limited pore sizes, resulting in the limited gravimetric specific capacitance and inferior rate capability of ZIHCs. Therefore, it is critically important to understand to what extent pore size influences the storage of hydrated Zn2+ ions in the pores with limited sizes. Herein, porous carbon nanosheets with different pore architectures are prepared using an ammonium chloride molten salt carbonization strategy. The influence of pore size on hydrated Zn2+ ion storage in nanostructured carbon with divergent pore architectures is analyzed by electrochemical methods and molecular dynamic simulation. Micropores smaller than 6.0 Å obstruct the diffusion of hydrated Zn2+ ions, while micropores larger than 7.5 Å exhibit a low diffusion energy barrier for the hydrated Zn2+ ions. Mesopores improve capacitance and rate capability by exposing the electrochemically active sites and enhancing the diffusion of the hydrated Zn2+ ions.
Donor End‐Capped Alkyl Chain Length Dependent Non‐Radiative Energy Loss in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Sun Rui , Zhang Ziqi , Zhang Jianqi , Zhu Qinglian , Ma Wei , Min Jie , Wei Zhixiang , Deng Dan
Published: October 2022

A critical bottleneck for further efficiency breakthroughs in organic solar cells (OSCs) is to minimize the non‐radiative energy loss (eΔVnr) while maximizing the charge generation. With the development of highly emissive low‐bandgap non‐fullerene acceptors, the design of high‐performance donors becomes critical to enable the blend with the electroluminescence quantum efficiency to approach or surpass the pristine acceptor. Herein, by shortening the end‐capped alkyl chains of the small‐molecular donors from hexyl (MPhS‐C6) to ethyl (MPhS‐C2), the material obtained aggregation that was insensitive to thermal annealing (TA) along with condensed packing simultaneously. The former leads to small phase separation and suppressed upshifts of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level during TA, and the latter facilitates its efficient charge‐transport at aggregation‐less packing. Hence, the ΔVnr decreases from 0.242 to 0.182 V, from MPhS‐C6 to MPhS‐C2 based OSCs. An excellent PCE of 17.11% is obtained by 1,8‐diiodoctane addition due to almost unchanged high Jsc (26.6 mA cm−2) and Voc (0.888 V) with improved fill factor, which is the record efficiency with the smallest energy loss (0.497 eV) and ΔVnr (0.192 V) in all‐small‐molecule OSCs. These results emphasize the potential material design direction of obtaining concurrent TA‐insensitive aggregation and condensed packing to maximize the device performances with a super low ΔVnr.
Decatungstate‐Photocatalyzed Acylation of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Canton‐Vitoria Ruben , Quintana Mildred , Malliaros Nikitas G. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: October 2022

Although the functionalization and modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been advanced for two decades, their chemical transformation via catalytic processes has yet to be explored and further facilitate their industrial utility. Here, the decatungstate‐photocatalyzed acylation is described of semiconducting (7,6)SWCNTs and the scope of the reaction is investigated by employing alkyl, aromatic, and organometallic aldehydes. The success of the methodology is confirmed by diverse spectroscopic, thermal, microscopy imaging, and redox techniques. The developed catalytic process for the functionalization of SWCNTs is environmetal friendly, since the catalyst and unreacted aldehydes can be recovered and reused, while the modified SWCNTs can be easily isolated and purified by membrane filtration. It is believed that the current findings will open new avenues for the catalytic functionalization of SWCNTs and the approach is intended to extend for modifying 2D nanomaterials.
Interface Engineering Enabled Low Temperature Growth of Magnetic Insulator on Topological Insulator
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nirjhar , Mahalingam Krishnamurthy , Will‐Cole Alexandria , Wei Yuyi , Fedorko Adrian , Bowers Cynthia T. , Page Michael , McConney Michael , Heiman Don , Sun Nian Xiang
Published: October 2022

Combining topological insulators (TIs) and magnetic materials in heterostructures is crucial for advancing spin‐based electronics. Magnetic insulators (MIs) can be deposited on TIs using the spin‐spray process, which is a unique nonvacuum, low‐temperature growth process. TIs have highly reactive surfaces that oxidize upon exposure to atmosphere, making it challenging to grow spin‐spray ferrites on TIs. In this work, it is demonstrated that a thin titanium capping layer on TI, followed by oxidation in atmosphere to produce a thin TiOx interfacial layer, protects the TI surface, without significantly compromising spin transport from the magnetic material across the TiOx to the TI surface states. First, it is demonstrated that in Bi2Te3/TiOx/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures, TiOx provides an excellent barrier against diffusion of magnetic species, yet maintains a large spin‐pumping effect. Second, the TiOx is also used as a protective capping layer on Bi2Te3, followed by the spin‐spray growth of the MI, NixZnyFe2O4 (NZFO). For the thinnest TiOx barriers, Bi2Te3/TiOx/NZFO samples have antiferromagnetic (AFM) disordered interfacial layer because of diffusion. With increasing TiOx barrier thickness, the diffusion is reduced, but still maintains strong interfacial magnetic exchange‐interaction. These experimental results demonstrate a novel method of low‐temperature growth of magnetic insulators on TIs enabled by interface engineering.
Stable Transgenic Mouse Strain with Enhanced Photoactivatable Cre Recombinase for Spatiotemporal Genome Manipulation
Authors: Li Huiying , Wu Yingyin , Qiu Yuhao , Li Xinru , Guan Yuting , Cao Xiya , Liu Meizhen , Zhang Dan , Huang Sijie , Lin Longnian , Hui Lijian , Ma Xueyun , Liu Mingyao , Zhang Xueli , Wang Liren , Li Dali
Published: October 2022

Optogenetic genome engineering is a powerful technology for high‐resolution spatiotemporal genetic manipulation, especially for in vivo studies. It is difficult to generate stable transgenic animals carrying a tightly regulated optogenetic system, as its long‐term expression induces high background activity. Here, the generation of an enhanced photoactivatable Cre recombinase (ePA‐Cre) transgenic mouse strain with stringent light responsiveness and high recombination efficiency is reported. Through serial optimization, ePA‐Cre is developed to generate a transgenic mouse line that exhibits 175‐fold induction upon illumination. Efficient light‐dependent recombination is detected in embryos and various adult tissues of ePA‐Cre mice crossed with the Ai14 tdTomato reporter. Importantly, no significant background Cre activity is detected in the tested tissues except the skin. Moreover, efficient light‐inducible cell ablation is achieved in ePA‐Cre mice crossed with Rosa26‐LSL‐DTA mice. In conclusion, ePA‐Cre mice offer a tightly inducible, highly efficient, and spatiotemporal‐specific genome engineering tool for multiple applications.
Gossypol Broadly Inhibits Coronaviruses by Targeting RNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerases
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Li Wenkang , Wen Zhiyuan , Wang Chong , Liu Weilong , Zhang Yufang , Liu Juncheng , Ding Tianze , Shuai Lei , Zhong Gongxun , Bu Zhigao , Qu Lingbo , Ren Maozhi , Li Fuguang
Published: October 2022

Outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), have posed serious threats to humans and animals, which urgently calls for effective broad‐spectrum antivirals. RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays an essential role in viral RNA synthesis and is an ideal pan‐coronaviral therapeutic target. Herein, based on cryo‐electron microscopy and biochemical approaches, gossypol (GOS) is identified from 881 natural products to directly block SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp, thus inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in both cellular and mouse infection models. GOS also acts as a potent inhibitor against the SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC) and exerts same inhibitory effects toward mutated RdRps of VOCs as the RdRp of the original SARS‐CoV‐2. Moreover, that the RdRp inhibitor GOS has broad‐spectrum anti‐coronavirus activity against alphacoronaviruses (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus), betacoronaviruses (SARS‐CoV‐2), gammacoronaviruses (avian infectious bronchitis virus), and deltacoronaviruses (porcine deltacoronavirus) is showed. The findings demonstrate that GOS may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and other coronavirus outbreaks.
A novel MTX2 gene splice site variant resulting in exon skipping, causing the recently described mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome
Authors: Yeter Doğan Burcu , Günay Neslihan , Ada Yasin , Doğan Muhammet Ensar
Published: October 2022

Until recently, mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) with type A and type B lipodystrophy was the first to come to mind in the association of mandibular hypoplasia, lipodystrophy, and acro‐osteolysis. However, it has recently been added to the differential diagnosis of MAD, a newly defined syndrome, called MDPS. MDPS is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by postnatal growth retardation, hypotonia, generalized lipodystrophy, skin changes, progeroid traits, and dysmorphic facial features, including prominent eyes, long pinched nose, mandibular hypoplasia, and a small mouth. Biallelic null variants of the MTX2 gene are responsible for this syndrome. We performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in a 6‐year‐old patient with skeletal dysplasia. WES revealed a novel homozygous c.543+1G>T splice site variant in the MTX2 gene. We also extracted total RNA from peripheral blood and used reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to generate cDNA. Sanger sequencing from cDNA showed that exon 8 of MTX2 was skipped. This study adds to the genetics and phenotype of MDPS and underlines the importance of comprehensive clinical and molecular research.
Light‐Induced Divergent Cyanation of Alkynes Enabled by Phosphorus Radicals
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Han Yunhong , Zhu Shengqing , Qing Feng‐Ling , Xue Xiao‐Song , Chu Lingling
Published: October 2022

A photochemically induced selective and divergent cyanation reaction of alkynes, enabled by phosphorus radicals, is described. With the use of simple triarylphosphine as a co‐catalyst, three cyanation reactions, including di‐hydrocyanation, anti‐Markovnikov hydrocyanation, and domino hydrocyanation/reduction, can be divergently achieved, furnishing a wide array of alkyl dinitriles, alkenyl nitriles, and alkyl nitriles under mild conditions. Terminal and internal alkynes are applicable with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Synthetic applications for biologically active agents and preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies are reported.
Ambient Electrosynthesis of Urea with Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide over Iron‐Based Dual‐Sites
Authors: Geng Jing , Ji Sihan , Jin Meng , Zhang Chao , Xu Min , Wang Guozhong , Liang Changhao , Zhang Haimin
Published: October 2022

The development of efficient electrocatalysts to generate key *NH2 and *CO intermediates is crucial for ambient urea electrosynthesis with nitrate (NO3−) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Here we report a liquid‐phase laser irradiation method to fabricate symbiotic graphitic carbon encapsulated amorphous iron and iron oxide nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (Fe(a)@C‐Fe3O4/CNTs). Fe(a)@C‐Fe3O4/CNTs exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity toward urea synthesis using NO3− and CO2, affording a urea yield of 1341.3±112.6 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a faradic efficiency of 16.5±6.1 % at ambient conditions. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the formed Fe(a)@C and Fe3O4 on CNTs provide dual active sites for the adsorption and activation of NO3− and CO2, thus generating key *NH2 and *CO intermediates with lower energy barriers for urea formation. This work would be helpful for design and development of high‐efficiency dual‐site electrocatalysts for ambient urea synthesis.
Porous Liquids Responsive to Light**
Authors: Dinker Manish Kumar , Zhao Kan , Dai Zhengxing , Ding Lifeng , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: October 2022

A porous liquid is a unique liquid medium that combines the cavity of porous solids with the fluidity of liquids. This special characteristic offers potential in various applications. Here we report a type II photoresponsive porous ionic liquid (PPIL) from dissolving a photoresponsive metal‐organic polyhedron (PMOP, constructed from dicopper and azobenzene‐containing carboxylate) in a polyethylene‐glycol‐functionalized bulky ionic liquid (IL). Owing to favorable ion interactions, bulky IL molecules encircle outside PMOP, and the inter cavities are maintained. The azobenzene moieties can be isomerized freely in the PPILs to expose and shelter active sites upon visible and UV light irradiation. Hence, the adsorption capacity of PPILs is controllable by light irradiation, and the change in CO2 uptake is up to 30 % compared to neat IL. This study may inspire the development of new adsorption process regulated by light instead of pressure and temperature swing adsorption.
Host Spin‐Crossover Thermodynamics Indicate Guest Fit
Authors: Zheng Jieyu , von Krbek Larissa K. S. , Ronson Tanya K. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: October 2022

Spin‐crossover (SCO) metal‐organic cages capable of switching between high‐spin and low‐spin states have the potential to be used as magnetic sensors and switches. Variation of the donor strength of heterocyclic aldehyde subcomponents in imine‐based ligands can tune the ligand field for a FeIIcenter, which results in both homoleptic and heteroleptic cages with diverse SCO behaviors. The tetrahedral SCO cage built from 1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐carbaldehyde is capable of encapsulating various guests, which stabilize different cage spin states depending on guest size. Conversely, the SCO tetrahedron exhibits different affinities for guests in different spin states, which is inferred to result from subtle structural differences of the cavity caused by the change in metal center spin state. Examination of SCO thermodynamics across a series of host–guest complexes enabled sensitive probing of guest fit to the host cavity, providing information complementary to binding‐constant determination.