bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penetrating Neck Injury due to Foreign Body at C5 Level with Plexus Brachialis Nerve Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Oley Maximillian C. , Prasetyo Eko , Tjungkagi Ferdinan , Manuhutu Yovanka N. , Mogi Diornald J.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Penetrating neck injury caused by screwdriver is a very rare case. Rapid transport to a major trauma center is needed for such patients to prevent neurological dysfunction and post traumatic tissue damage. Early and complete assessment and exact surgical procedure are very important to overcome a good outcome and prognosis. We reported a case of a 28-year-old male transferred to the emergency room after being stabbed using a screwdriver. No history of nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. A screwdriver got stucked on the neck at the level of C5-C6 associated with edema but no active bleeding. The upper extremity examination revealed that the muscle contraction was 5555/4444, thumb test +/, opposition test +/-, abductor adductor test +/-, and sensory within normal limit. Radiology examination showed a metallic density of the foreign body in the cervical region penetrating from soft tissue to the vertebral body of cervical C5. The patient was diagnosed with penetrating neck injury due to foreign body in the posterior neck region at C5 level with plexus brachialis nerve injury. Foreign body removal and laminectomy were done to decompression purpose. This case need early, complete and adequate management to prevent post traumatic tissue damage, other neurological dysfunction, and mortality. On the fourth post-surgical day, the patient was discharged with stable vital signs and no neurological deficit. The regular follow up at the neurosurgical clinic showed that neither motoric nor sensoric deficit was found. In conclusion, penetrating neck injury which can cause severe morbidity and permanent disability need an adequate management to prevent any spinal cord damage and minimize any neurological dysfunction.
Keywords: penetrating neck injury; spinal cord injury
Pengaruh Inflamasi Mikro terhadap Penyakit Ginjal pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2
Authors: Rumondang Sarah , Sedli Bisuk P. , Umboh Octavianus R. H.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular damage as a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and becomes one of the most frequent causes of chronic renal failure worldwide. This study aimed to determine the effect of micro-inflammation on renal impairment in T2DM patients. This was a literature review study and data were searched using three database sources, namely ClinicalKey, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The results obtained 10 articles to be reviewed. All reviewed articles stated various increases in inflammatory mediators namely NGAL, NLR, serum cystatin-C, urinary IgG, transferrin, hs-CRP, IL-8, TSA, TLR-4, TLR-2, monocyte ratio CD14+CD16+, pro-inflammatory cytokines Th1 TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, and eotaxin, and decreased levels of uromodulin and TNFR1. This occurred due to some components of the body in a state of hyperglycemia wouldl be able to activate the infiltration of hematopoietic cells, especially macrophages in the kidneys, which would further secrete proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammatory cells present in the kidney are a response to tissue damage, but can also increase cell injury and the progression of DN in its early stages. In conclusion, there is an influence of immune and inflammatory mechanisms on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; micro inflammation; diabetic kidney disease
 
Abstrak: Nefropati diabetik (ND) adalah kerusakan mikrovaskuler sebagai komplikasi DMT2 dan menjadi salah satu penyebab  tersering gagal ginjal kronis di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflamasi mikro terhadap penyakit ginjal pada pasien DMT2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian data melallui tiga sumber database yaitu ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 artikel yang di-review yang melaporkan berbagai peningkatan mediator inflamasi, yaitu NGAL, NLR, serum cystatin-C, IgG urin, transferin, hs-CRP, IL-8, TSA, TLR-4, TLR-2, rasio monosit CD14+CD16+, sitokin proinflamasi Th1 TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, dan eotaksin, serta penurunan kadar uromodulin dan TNFR1. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa komponen pada keadaan DMT2 dapat mengaktifkan infiltrasi sel hematopoietik, terutama makrofag pada ginjal, yang akan mengeluarkan sitokin proinflamasi dan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Masuknya sel inflamasi ke dalam ginjal pasien merupakan respon terhadap kerusakan jaringan, tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan cedera sel serta progresifitas ND pada tahap awal. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat pengaruh mekanisme kekebalan dan inflamasi dalam perkembangan nefropati diabetik pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2.  
Kata kunci: diabetes melitus tipe 2; inflamasi mikro; penyakit ginjal diabetes
Nilai Pelanggan di Cek Toko Sebelah App
Authors:   Universitas Paramadina, Jakarta, Lestari Sri
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Purpose: Provides an overview of the usability of the browser extension Cek Toko Sebelah App. Methodology: Descriptive methods are used to describe or analyze but cannot draw broad conclusions. Results: Cek Toko Sebelah App has an advantage over other price comparators because it is a web browser extension. It allows users to directly compare prices on their favorite shopping sites without searching on other sites (third parties). Limitations: This article only focuses on Cek Toko Sebelah App with data obtained from digital traces. Contribution: Cek Toko Sebelah App claimed as "Indonesia's first price comparison & coupon aggregator web extension." Keywords: 1. Web Extension 2. Browser Extension 3. Cek Toko Sebelah App 4. Marketplace 5. E-Commerce
The The Behavior of PPNI Professional Organizations that Fire Their Members Is Seen from the Point of View of Law and Society
Authors: Agustin Fani Catur , Anggraheni Novita , Putri Riska Dhivenka Perwita , Widiastuti Yesi , Gutteres Luizinha Da Costa , Santoso Aris Prio Agus
Published: January 2023

Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) is an organization that houses all nurses in Indonesia. PPNI aims to improve and develop the knowledge, skills of nursing practice, dignity, welfare and ethics of the nursing profession, strengthen unity and empower nurses. This research aims to find out the various community responses regarding PPNI policies in firing its members who are allegedly not in accordance with the Ppni Articles of Association / Household Budget (AD / ART). It happened because the dismissal of PPNI members did not hammer out the correct procedures. This research method uses qualitative methods. Qualitative method is a research method that produces descriptive data in the form of words obtained from the results of surveys addressed to the public to find out various responses about PPNI policies that fire their members by not going through the correct procedures. Based on research, 82.8% of respondents were aware of the policy governing the dismissal of members in AD / ART. While 17.2% were not aware of the policy. 72.4% argued that the PPNI should not dismiss its members disrespectfully, while 27.6% thought the PPNI should dismiss members disrespectfully. 86.2% stated that PPNI has become a good organization while 13.8% do not agree with it. 82.8% did not accept the dismissal of members disrespectfully while 17.2% responded to the statement. 62.1% stated ppni behavior in accordance with AD / ART while 37.9% stated not in accordance with AD / ART. 69% argued that the professional ethics of PPNI organizations are classified as good so far while 31% stated not to be classified as good.
Comparison of Virginia Henderson's Theory to Abraham Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Concepts
Authors: Raharja Muhammad Langlang Tahta , Rista Rista , Kholif Siti Nurul , Rohyani Yuni , Prasetyo Budi , Santoso Aris Prio Agus
Published: January 2023

Basic human needs are a series of elements needed by humans to survive in order to remain in optimal conditions, there are various theories regarding basic human needs including the theory of Virginia Henderson and Abraham Maslow. This study aims to describe the comparison between Virginia Henderson's theory in more detail in discussing basic human concepts, compared to Abraham Maslow's theory. Nurses in carrying out nursing care must be in accordance with the principles of philosophy and nursing ethics in providing action to patients or clients. This research method uses an approach. Literature Study by identifying, reviewing, evaluating and interpreting all available research, the data obtained were analyzed quantitatively to describe the correlation between Virginia Henderson's theory and Abraham Maslow's theory. The results show that the comparison of Virginia Henderson's theory describes the definition of nursing by identifying 14 needs that underlie nursing care, while Abraham Maslow's theory describes the definition of nursing with 5 needs that underlie nursing care.
PARENTING STYLE AND ASSERTIVENESS AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
Authors: Ajitha V.A. , Starlet C.T Soumya
Published: January 2023

Parents inuence children's conduct, emotions, and personality. This study examined parental style and assertiveness in
teens with and without learning difculties. The researcher drew 80 student demographics to do this. 40 with learning
impairments and 40 without were chosen. T-test and correlation were used to examine the data. The study found a difference in assertiveness
between learning disabled and nondisabled teens. The study found a moderate association between authoritative, authoritarian,
permissive/indulgent, and negligent parenting and assertiveness. The study recommended that parents of teens be mindful of how parenting style
affects their children's assertiveness.
SERUM HEPCIDIN AS A MARKER OF INFLAMMATION IN SEROPOSITIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS- THE NEW KID ON THE BLOCK?
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kundu Bijit Kumar , Goyal Parul
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Assessment of disease activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is required for the 'treat to target' strategy and
includes clinical assessment as well as laboratory markers. These markers have fallacies, and thus confound disease
activity scores. The search for an objective marker of inammation continues. T Aims And Objectives: his study is designed to evaluate if
serum hepcidin can fulll the role of a marker of inammation in seropositive RA. Eighty two cases of seropositive RA Materials And Methods:
fullling the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study, and twenty ve apparently healthy controls were taken into the study. Disease activity
was assessed clinically and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was calculated. Cases were also divided into 4 groups based on CDAI. C -
Reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Serum Ferritin, and Serum Hepcidin levels were measured. Data was tabulated
using MS-Excel worksheet. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the parameters among cases and controls and across various
disease activity groups. The cases and controls were matched to age. Serum Results: Hepcidin was signicantly higher in the cases than in the
controls. They also differed signicantly between various disease activity groups. They correlated positively and signicantly with CRP and
ESR. Serum Ferritin levels did not vary signicantly between cases and controls. Serum Hepcidin has the potential to be a marker of Conclusion:
inammation, though more studies including prospective ones will be required. Greater acceptance and availability will bring down the cost of
testing.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND UNIVERSITY RESEARCH STUDENTS : THE ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES
Authors: Mishra Yatindra , Kumar Upmesh
Published: January 2023

The present study has assessed the perceived stress and coping strategies, among the research students amid the Covid-19
lockdown in Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess perceived stress and
coping strategies of the research students of different discipline in Covid-19 lockdown, and to determine the association, if any, of stress and
coping with selected demographic variables. Material and Method: This was conducted online from April 2021 to June 2021. Third, 4th & 5th
year of PhD research students (N=72) participated, whose perceived stress and coping strategies, due to Covid-19, were assessed through an
online questionnaire. The tool used was comprised of three sections- demographic data, as part-A; Perceived Stress Scale, as part-B; and Coping
Strategies Scale, as part-C. Results: It highlights perceived stress among the research students who were earlier active in daily routine and overall
lifestyle. Mean coping strategies score was measured to 73.18+13.12and perceived stress score was 20.44+6.21 with maladaptive coping
strategy being the highest in the participants. Conclusion: Study observed perceived stress in research students during Covid-19 lockdown, who
previously showed a hectic daily routine and lifestyle. The mean coping strategies score was measured as 73.18+13.12among the participants and
perceived stress score was 20.44+6.21 with maladaptive coping strategy being the highest in the participants. The amplied understanding about
Covid-19 may help to diminish its fear and reduce Covid-19 related stress.
PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION FOR REDUCING RELAPSE AND IMPROVING TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER WITH POOR SOCIO-OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING AND HIGH EXPRESSED EMOTION IN THE FAMILY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Das Riyal , Mukherjee Aniket , Paul Atindra , Chakraborty Banasri
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder with an admixture of frequent and recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania, depression, or mixed episodes. More than 1% of the world's population and at least 0.3% of the Indian population are affected by BPAD. We have chosen a case of BPAD with multiple episodes to study the impact of psychosocial intervention in the management of the illness of the affected person and family. The index client, a male, Presentation of the case: 32 years of age, visited the Institute of Psychiatry (IOP) with caregivers and was referred to the psychiatric social work department of the IOP on April 24, 2019, with symptoms of mania and psychosis. He had 7-years history of psychiatric illness, including multiple episodes of mania and depression, as well as frequent irregular medication; burden and conict, insufcient social support, poor communication and interaction patterns, poor coping and problem-solving skills in the family. Therapists imparted Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) and family-focused therapy to the client and family members. It was found that there Discussion: was a signicant difference between pre- and postpsychosocial interventions in the life and wellbeing of a person with BPAD and his family. Post intervention, client's level of social and occupational functioning was increased, high expressed emotion had been notably decreased, adaptive patterns had been improved, and cohesion in the family had been strengthened. The client and his family members learned to prevent development of future episodes. Conclusion: Psychiatric social work interventions have been a key area in the management of BPAD involving the family, which helps in maintaining a prolonged euthymic period and better treatment compliance.
ULTRASONIC VELOCITIES, DENSITIES AND EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF O - CHLOROPHENOL WITH HIGHER ALKANOLS FROM 303.15 TO 318.15K
Authors: Krishna Reddy D.V.M. , Sri P.B Sandhya , Raj Kumar KAK , Rao L.Vaikuntha
Published: January 2023

The ultrasonic velocities U, densities ρ of Binary Mixtures of O - Chlorophenol with 1- hexanol, 1- heptanol and 1- octanol from 303.15 to 318.15K. Excess molar volume (VE), deviation in adiabatic compressibility (Δβad) and excess intermolecular free length (LfE) have been calculated from the measured experimental data. The values of VE, Δβad and LfEhave been tted to Redlich – Kister polynomial equation to estimate binary coefcients and standard deviation between the experimental and computed values.
BIOPRINTING: DEVELOPMENT OF PATIENT - SPECIFIC THREEDIMENSIONAL PEDIATRIC MODELS
Authors: Dimoula Evangelia , Papamichali Ioanna
Published: January 2023

Undoubtedly one of the greatest achievements of medical science is the transplant of tissues and organs. However, a matter
of deep concern is the lack of balance between supply and demand of organs, particularly with regard to the pediatric
population. The need to overcome this problem has led to the invention and manufacture of additive manufacturing through the latest technology of
3D printing.
LES TUMEURS BRUNES : UN DIAGNOSTIC A EVOQUER EN PATHOLOGIE OSSEUSE MAXILLO-FACIALE
Authors: M'Fa SK. , Bakhil A. , Buckat H. Buckat , Hafidi N. El , Benbachir A. , Ribag Y. , Sabani H. , Khalfi L. , Hamama J. , Khatib K. El
Published: January 2023

Brown tumors are a rare non-neoplastic lesion of late onset, resulting from an abnormality of bone metabolism during
hyperparathyroidism. Their localization in the facial skeleton is rare. The positive diagnosis is based on a beam of
arguments and conditions the management; the treatment depends on the etiology. We report a unicentric retrospective descriptive study,
including 4 patients, carried out in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the Mohammed V armed forces hospital in Rabat, over a
15-year period, from January 2007 to January 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, 04 patients were recruited in our study, all female, aged
between 19 and 41 years, with no family history. Mandibular location was found in one patient, maxillary location in two patients, and maxillomandibular location in one patient. Primary hyperparathyroidism on parathyroid adenoma was found in 2 cases, secondary hyperparathyroidism
on chronic renal failure in 1 case and tertiary hyperparathyroidism in 1 case. The treatment of the tumor was surgical in 2 cases (one tumor
removal and one conservative surgical management) and medical in 2 cases. Two patients beneted from a parathyroidectomy. A complete
regression was observed in 75% of cases. This study shows the importance of evoking the diagnosis of a brown tumor in the facial skeleton when
a patient presenting hyperparathyroidism with giant cells on histological examination shows the presence of bone call points, even if they are rare
and/or late. Management is multidisciplinary. Surgical removal is indicated in case of failure of medical treatment, absence or delay of tumor
regression after parathyroidectomy, and will depend on the volume of the localization and the impact of the tumor. It would therefore be
judicious, in the case of a giant cell tumor of the facial skeleton, to establish algorithms allowing a rapid and precise diagnosis guaranteeing an
adequate management.
COMPARISON OF COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MODEL AND ACCELERATED FAILURE TIME (AFT) MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY IN UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: Mishra Neha , Misra Sheela
Published: January 2023

The statistical eld of survival analysis focuses on the examination of time-to-event data. The proportional hazards (PH)
model is the most widely used in multivariate survival analysis to examine the effects of various factors on survival time.
The statistics, however, do not always support the PH models assumption of constant hazards. The power of the associated statistical tests is
reduced when the PH assumption is broken, which leads to incorrect interpretation of the estimation results. The accelerated failure time (AFT)
models, on the other hand, do not, like the PH model, assume constant hazards in the survival data. Additionally, the AFT models can be employed
in place of the PH model if the constant hazards assumption violated. This study set out to examine how well the PH model and the AFT models
performed when it came to identifying the proximate variables inuencing under – ve mortality from National Family Health Survey data in
Uttar Pradesh. Three AFT models that were based on the Weibull, exponential, and log-normal distributions were the only ones discussed in this
article. The research employing a graphical technique and a statistical test revealed that the NFHS-5 data set has non-proportional hazards. The
log-normal AFT model was the most acceptable model among the ones studied, according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC).
ACUTE DISSOCIATIVE REACTION WITH PERCEPTUAL DISTURBANCE IN POST PARTUM FEMALE
Authors: R. Jagani Kenil
Published: January 2023

This is a case of 21 old post partum female who was referred to psychiatry department by gynaecologist after nding out that her baby was missing
from NICU and patient was found dropping the baby near the entrance of hospital as found out on cctv footage. Detail evaluation and in-depth
interview was taken to come to a diagnosis of acute dissociative reaction to stressful event.
A STUDY OF RESULTS TO FIND OUT THE PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS FOR OPERATIVE INTERVENTION IN PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES WITH PHILOS PLATE FIXATION.
Authors: Chatterjee Biplab , Kumar Divyanshu , Mondal Sanjoy , Kayal Atanu , Chakraborty Bikram , Chakraborty Aviroop , Mallick Avishek , Jabbar Shaikh Abdul , Azad Jishan , Mahato Tonmoy , Saha Tanmoy
Published: January 2023

Background:- Proximal humerus fractures are common in the elderly population. Many of these fractures are associated with osteopenia and may
be caused due to fragility fracture. Various operative methods are available for proximal humerus fractures. Open reduction and internal xation
with PHILOS plate, conventional AO plate, proximal humerus nail, blade plate, Tension band wiring , and replacement surgeries are some of the
options. In this study we aim to nd out the prognostic factors for operative intervention in proximal humerus fracture treated with PHILOS plate.
Methods:- This is a prospective study in which the follow up of 15 cases with proximal humerus fracture treated with open reduction and internal
xation with PHILOS plate was done. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done at 2 weeks, 4weeks, 6 weeks, 6 month and 1 year. Functional
outcomes for pain, motion and muscle power, and function are assessed using the Constant and a Murley scoring system. Pain was scored on basis
of VAS(Visual analogue scale). Various prognostic factors were studied which had an impact on the functional outcome after operation. Results:-
Out of 15 patients 2 patients were lost to follow up after 3 months and 6 months. Age distribution of the patients show maximum number of the
patient fell in the age group of 41-50 years(40%). Young age has a positive correlation to good outcome ( p=0.0047). 9 patients had intact calcar and
6 patients had disrupted calcar. Fracture with intact calcar had good outcomes whereas with disrupted calcar had poor outcome (p=0.015). Varus
xation is not associated with outcome (p=1). Young age and intact medial ca Conclusion:- lcar support were related to good prognostic features
whereas disrupted medial calcar was associated with bad prognostic feature for functional outcomes. Immediate varus xation was not associated
with any change in functional outcome.
PEDIATRIC OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA-A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Dua Rohini , Arora Sanjana , Kaur Gursharan
Published: January 2023

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is an increasingly common form of sleep disordered breathing. It is caused by partial or complete
obstruction of the upper airway during sleep that results in absent or diminished airow in lungs. The treatment modalities consist of both surgical
& nonsurgical methods. This article reviews the features and etiologic factors of OSA and diagnosis and possible treatment options of this disorder.
Workplace Bullying and Occupational Stress, Microfinance Banks Perspective in Anambra State
Authors: Obianuju Agbasi Emmanuela , Phina Onyekwelu Njideka , Chike Nwosu
Published: January 2023

This work examined workplace bullying and its effect on occupational stress in microfinance banks in Anambra State as the broad objective. The study, however, specifically examined the relationship between work overload and employee absenteeism in the studied banks. The work made use of a survey research design and the population of the study was 100 employees from 10 selected microfinance banks in the area. A structured questionnaire which was subjected to both validity and reliability test was used for data collection. The analysis of data was carried out using correlation analysis, and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance. The finding showed that work overload has a statistically significant positive relationship with employee absenteeism in the studied microfinance banks in Anambra State (r= .807; p-value < 0.05). It was concluded that workplace bullying has a significant relationship with employee performance. It was, therefore, recommended among others that tasks and responsibilities should be distributed based on employee capacity to handle them based on the current situation on ground.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Red Ginger Extract with Emprit Ginger against the Growth of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria
Authors: Safruddin Safruddin , Nuranisa Nuranisa , Hasanuddin A.R Pratiwi , Asri Asri , Salnus Subakhir
Published: January 2023

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the spice plants found in Indonesia that is useful as a drug, containing secondary metabolite compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and essential oils that are antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of the effectiveness of red ginger extract and ginger emprit against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study is an Experimental Laboratories study using true experimental design with the design of Post Test Only Control Group Design. Where extracts of red ginger and ginger emprit are obtained by the maceration method which is then varied into several concentration treatments namely 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% as well as positive control of ciprofloxacin and dmso negative control, followed by disc diffusion methods to test antibacterial activity, analyzed statistically using the One Way Anova test. The results showed that red ginger extract and ginger emprit were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with weak to moderate activity. The final results showed a value of p<001 so that at least there was a meaningful average between the data groups of red ginger extract and ginger emprit. The conclusion of this study was that at a concentration of 100% red ginger extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a bland zone of 17.83 mm compared to emprit ginger extract with a bland zone large of 17.16 mm. The advice we give that red ginger more quickly inhibits bacteria so it is very well consumed and becomes an alternative non-pharmacological treatment.
Bakassi and Four One Nine (419) in Nigeria: Meaning and Description
Authors: Ottuh John Arierhi
Published: January 2023

The conceptual and contextual study of the terms Bakassi and 419 in Nigeria are either scanty or even lacking in modern African scholarship. Although some scholars have written on Bakassi, they mainly focused on the aspects of the Peninsula and international conflict resolution. Also, literature on the contextual description of the numeric 419 is also very scanty in African scholarship except for a few who have approached it mostly from the perspective of cyber security. Using the exposition approach, this present essay, therefore, aims at showing various perspectives of the word Bakassi in Nigeria on the one hand and the local description of the numeric 419 in Nigeria, on the other hand. This will contribute to knowledge in the aspect of the conceptual and contextual meaning of Bakassi and 419 in the African lexicology.
“The Lagoon” by Joseph Conrad: An Epic on Motion and Emotion
Authors: Thiam Oumar , Ndiaye Issaga
Published: January 2023

This article studies the diverse manifestations of individual heroism inscribed in a more general framework which is epic as a genre and a text. The itinerary leading the hero from his community to a complete solitude is then brought in a critical relationship with the established order as well as the unknown in nature. In forms of rites of passage and real-life tests, the ordeals consecutive to the self-marginalization of Arsat do inform on his individual courage, and particularly on the permanent duel between man and his vital environment. Taking nature for a set of ecological elements in constant interaction with the solitary, the exotic and even the indigenous subject presented in “The Lagoon”, the current study unveils both the satiric and ironic sense of epic in the Conradian hero.
Role of MRI in the Diagnosis of Intra Medullary Spinal Tumor with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Sharkar Dr. Ummay Salma , Billah Dr. Shah Muhammad Mustaquim , Jafreen Dr. Nafisa
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) constitutes 8% to 10% of all primary spinal tumors with the majority comprised of gliomas (80% to 90%), of which 60% to 70% are ependymomas and 30% to 40% are astrocytomas. Astrocytomas are common in the thoracic region whereas ependymomas are common in cervical region. Ependymomas are the most common glial tumor in adults, whereas astrocytomas are the most common intramedullary tumor in children. Overall, 15% of all primary intramedullary spinal cord tumors are ependymal in origin and include one of three histopathologic subtypes: ependymoma, subependymoma and myxopapillary ependymoma. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MRI in diagnosis of intra medullary spinal tumors compared to histopathological findings. Methods: This was a cross sectional study and was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet in collaboration with Department of Neurosurgery & Pathology of the same hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from September, 2018 to August 2020. Result: In total 35 patients completed the study. In our study we found the Mean ± SD of age was 41.71±13.9 in years. Majority (57%) of our patients presented with intramedullary spinal cord tumor were male compared to female (43%).We found that among of our 35 patients 20 (57.14%) were ependymoma, 15 (42.86%) patients were astrocytoma diagnosed by MRI. Majority (40%) patients of ependymoma belong to 41-50 years and majority patients of astrocytoma (40%) belong to 10-20 years old. Both ependymoma and astrocytoma showed male predominance with 55% and 60% respectively. It was observed that majority (70% & 55%) patients of ependymoma had back & radicular pain respectively. Majority (80% & 60%) patients of astrocytoma had back & radicular pain respectively. Ependymoma was determined by calculating sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 100%, accuracy 97.14%, PPV 100% and NPV 93.75% ....
The Management Policy of the Socialist-Oriented Market Economy in Vietnam in the Period of Renovation and International Economic Integration
Authors: Nguyen Trung-Hieu
Published: January 2023

International integration is an inevitable process, with a long history of development and origins, the social nature of labor, and the civilized development of human-human relations. In society, people who want to survive and develop must have a close connection with each other. More broadly, internationally, a country that wants to develop must link up with other countries. The 6th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam (December 1986) has opened a new era - a period of comprehensive, thorough, and profound renewal of all aspects of the country's life, including the economic field, in order to implement more effectively the work of building socialism in our country. Entering the period of international economic integration, In the modern world, the development of the market economy requires countries to expand their markets and form regional and international markets. This is the main driving force promoting the global integration process. This study focuses on analyzing the management policy of the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam in the period of international economic integration, thereby proposing some solutions to improve this policy in the future.
Migration and Its Impacts on both the Sending and Receiving Countries
Authors: Vincent Elemanya A.
Published: January 2023

Migration of persons has increased with time due to easy access to more information about better opportunities in other countries and faster means of moving over long distances. This paper critically studies the economic effects of migration as it affects the individual, the sending and receiving countries. Therefore, this study adopted the theory of transnationalism in explaining the movement of people and its economic effects. One of the major problems of migration in Africa is that of brain-drain and the negative effects on the already exploited economies that continues to make them dependent on developed countries. Migration if not properly addressed does pose a lot of challenges that sometimes require the joint efforts of two or more nations due to its transnational nature. This is because catering for asylum seekers, refugees and even internally displaced persons places obligations on international organisations and countries not directly affected. Even though there are many reasons that cause people to move from where they have been residing either voluntarily or against their wish, all such migrations ultimately impacts on the economic fortunes of all concerned. So that some people’s lives improve while others encounter more pains and uncertainties due to their status as refugees, legal or illegal migrants. The study employed qualitative analysis of data gotten from secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers and the internet. It recommends that governments of should engage effective planning and efficient running of the economy to reduce the number of highly skilled human resources that regularly leave the country.
Serum Electrolytes and Oxygen Saturation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: S Rahman , BR Das
Published: January 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Patients with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions. Although COPD is mostly a chronic disease, a substantial number of patients experience exacerbations that are related to a significantly worse survival result, especially with abnormal serum electrolyte level. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the Serum Electrolytes and Oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods: This is an observational study. The study was carried out in the admitted patient’s Department of Medicine, Netrokona Medical College and hospital, Bangladesh. The duration of the study from October 2019 to March 2021. Results: This study shows that the according to age of 120 Patients aged 40 to 69 years. Here according to Age distribution, 6(5%) were <40 years, 8(6.66%) were 40- 49 years, 21(17.5%) were 50-59 years, 48(40%) were 60-69 years and 37 (30.83%) were ≥ 70 years. Distribution of the study according to sex of 120 Patients aged 40 to 69 years. According to gender 102(85%) were Male, 18(15%) were Female. According to Parameter, the Mean±SD of Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium, O2 Flow (L/min), pH, PaCO2 (mmHg), HCO3 (mmol/L), SpO2 (%) and Respiratory Rate (Breaths/min) were 131±5.07, 3.31±0.33, 0.6±0.4, 7.43±0.02, 40±4, 27±2, 90±1.2 and 22±3 respectfully. Conclusions: The levels of parameters should be measured and corrected during AECOPD treatment to decrease mortality and the correct use of supplemental oxygen therapy during exacerbations of COPD is an impor¬tant factor that can strongly influence outcomes.
The Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Patients Attending the Casualty Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Dr. T.M. Shahidul , Sultana Dr. Afroza , Haque Dr. Md. Habibul , Rahman Dr. Md. Azizar , Haque Dr. Evan-E-Alam Emtakamul
Published: January 2023

Background: Casualty or emergency departments in medical treatment facilities are dedicated to offering prompt attention to patients who arrive without an appointment, either on their own initiative or through ambulance. Patients from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds are admitted to the casualty to receive medical care. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of patients attending in the casualty department. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 in casualty department, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh. One hundred twenty patients and nine doctors of the casualty department were purposively selected and interviewed by structured questionnaire and facilities were observed through checklist. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: 120 participants in this study, ages 14 to 60, were involved. Male participants made up the majority of the group (84.2%), while female participants made up roughly 15.8%. 20% of all respondents worked as farmers, followed by 18% of students, 17% of employees, 13% of housewives, and 6% of day laborers. The bulk of respondents earned between 4,000 and 10,000 BDT per month. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of the respondents were male, and more than three- quarters of them were in the age range of 20 to 30 years. This group represents the active age demographic and is more likely to be involved in accidents since they work and live outside. More over half of the patients at the casualty department throughout the research period were single. In the current study, more than one-fourth of respondents possessed a master degree or higher.
The Government Policy for Stunting Countermeasure Strategy in Indonesia be preparing for Golden Generation 2045
Authors: Melisa Melisa , Kasmawati Kasmawati , Sitompul St. Aditia Fortuna Pangestu , Monalisa Monalisa , Monalisa Rohani , Novianti Moenaqistin Nur
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is ranked 5th in the world for the highest prevalence of stunting with a prevalence of stunting reaching 37% (nearly 9 million children under five). The Indonesian government has carried out a series of strategies to reduce the prevalence of stunting. The purpose of this scientific work is to describe the government's strategy in efforts to reduce stunting in Indonesia to prepare for the 2045 golden generation, and to describe the implementation of the National Strategy in the National Action Plan for the Acceleration of Reducing Stunting Rates in Indonesia (RAN- PASTI) to prepare for the 2045 Golden Generation. Results: The results of this study are (1) The stunting management strategy is also included in the 2020-2024 RPJMN planning document. In the RPJMN, the handling of stunting is included in the 3rd Development Agenda, namely Increasing Qualified and Competitive Human Resources. (2) Implementation of the National Strategy in the National Action Plan for the Acceleration of Reducing Stunting Rates in Indonesia (RAN-PASTI) to Prepare for the 2045 Golden Generation RAN-PASTI is an implementation guideline for the National Strategy, mechanism for implementing work procedures, as well as Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting on the implementation of Acceleration Reducing stunting to achieve the target of a stunting prevalence rate of 14% in 2024 according to the mandate of Presidential Regulation No. 72 of 2021.
Analysis of Complementary Therapy Acupresure Points for Lactation on Breastfeeding Success in Aceh Besar Regency
Authors: Noviyanti Noviyanti , Nurdahliana Nurdahliana
Published: January 2023

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Aceh Besar regency is a serious problem for child survival. One of the non-morphological natural methods that can be used to help expedite milk production is acupressure points for lactation therapy. Acupressure points for lactation therapy are one of the solutions to overcome the uneven production of breast milk. Acupressure points for lactation therapy help maximize prolactin and oxytocin receptors and minimize side effects from delayed breastfeeding by the baby. This research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test research design. This research was conducted at the Midwives' Independent Practice in Aceh Besar Regency from April to October 2022. The population in this study were primiparous mothers who gave birth at the Independent Midwife Practice (PMB) in Aceh Besar Regency. The total sample of 60 respondents consisted of the intervention group of 30 respondents and the control group of 30 respondents. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate with T-Test Dependent and T-Test Independent. The results showed that there was a significant difference in milk production before and after giving acupressure therapy to breastfeeding mothers with a p-value of 0.000. There is a significant difference in breastfeeding success before and after giving routine care to breastfeeding mothers p-value 0.000. Complementary Therapy Acupressure Points For Lactation is effective in helping to facilitate breastfeeding and increase milk production in primiparous mothers in Aceh Besar Regency.
Preformulation Studies of Aceclofenac: Major Part of Formulation Strategy
Authors: Arya Usha , Malik Jitender K.
Published: January 2023

Preformulation studies are fractions that are initiated once new molecules are seeded. In a broader sense, it deals with the study of physical, chemical, analytical, and pharmacological properties associated with molecules, providing ideas for appropriate modifications of molecules for better performance. The study of pre-formulation parameters can lead to the production of effective, safer, stable and reliable drug formulations. Aceclofenac is an analgesic. It relieves pain, stiffness and swelling caused by various conditions of bones and joints. It is also used to relieve headaches, toothaches, back pain, menstrual cramps, sprains and muscle strains. Aceclofenac works by preventing the body from releasing chemicals that cause pain and swelling. In the current work, the overall goal of aceclofenac preformulation research is to generate information useful for the development of stable bioavailable dosage forms.
A Narrative Review on the Potential Relationship between Fertility and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Alazawa Zaineh Faisal Rasheed , Barrouq Deena Mohammed Shaker
Published: January 2023

Reproduction is important evolutionary process that is necessary for the maintenance of life. Human fertility depends on a number of endocrine factors, one of which includes the regulation of thyroid hormone. The thyroid's role in neurocognitive and fetal development is of key importance. Any disruption in the regulation of the thyroid gives rise to a thyroid disorder. The underactivity of this gland will lead to a condition known as hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism is way more in females, especially during their reproductive period. Infertility in males is also a key concern nowadays. The prevalence of infertility in males is one of the concerning topics for the couple as a whole. The hormonal assessment serves as a guide for the evaluation of fertility. The metabolic activity of iodine in the regulation of thyroid normal function is very essential. The present narrative review aims to evaluate thyroid hormone physiology, hypothyroidism, the major types of hypothyroidism, its correlation with fertility, and with the patients that are suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. This review article will discuss the iodine association with hypothyroidism and its potential role in fertility. It will aim to provide a precise understanding of associated thyroid disorders that are majorly linked with male infertility.
Analisis Vegetasi Gulma pada Lahan Budidaya Jagung di Arcawinangun, Purwokerto Timur, Banyumas
Authors: Bayyinah Lafi Naimatul , Pratama Rama Adi , Mutala'liah Mutala'liah
Published: January 2023

Jagung merupakan tanaman sumber karbohidrat sehingga mempunyai nilai strategis dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, akan tetapi praktik budidaya tanaman jagung mengalami berbagai kendala, salah satunya adalah keberadaan gulma pada lahan budidaya yang berpotensi menurunkan produksi tanaman jagung. Upaya pengendalian gulma oleh petani saat ini kurang efektif dan efisien karena kurangnya pemahaman tentang vegetasi gulma yang tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis vegetasi gulma dan menentukan gulma dominan pada lahan budidaya jagung di Kelurahan Arcawinangun, Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur, Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengidentifikasi gulma yang ditemukan, dan metode kuantitatif dengan menghitung dan menganalisis vegetasi gulma yang dominan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Kuadrat menggunakan plot ukuran 0,5 x 0,5 m2 secara acak dengan melemparkan plot ke lahan budidaya jagung sebanyak 10 kali sehingga terdapat 10 plot sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 spesies gulma yang tumbuh pada lahan budidaya jagung di Kelurahan Arcawinangun, Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur dengan komposisi 6 termasuk golongan gulma berdaun lebar, 3 termasuk golongan gulma rerumputan, dan 2 termasuk golongan gulma teki. Gulma yang mendominasi pada lahan tersebut adalah Synedrella nodiflora dari golongan gulma berdaun lebar dengan nilai SDR sebesar 31,1%, dan Cyperus iria dari golongan teki dengan nilai SDR sebesar 23,8%.
PKM Penerapan Ipteks Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Animasi Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di Yayasan TK Permata Bangsa Surabaya Berbasis Website
Authors: Habib Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dapat memberikan pemebelajaran bagi murid, sehingga informasi sebagai media pembelajaran bisa lebih mudah diterima oleh murid. Pengembangan sistem informasi animasi berbasis ini bertujuan sebagai sumber belajar bagi murid taman kanak-kanak (TK) Permata Bangsa Surabaya. Bahan pembelajaran berorientasi video animasi memakai PHP dan sistem database memakai MySQL lalu untuk webserver memakai XAMPP. Rancang bangun website ini sebagai wadah untuk pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan saat berada di sekolah taman kanak-kanak (TK) ataupun saat diluar sekolah taman kanak-kanak (TK). Rancang bangun website ini bermaksud untuk menerapkan media pembelajaran agar bisa diakses oleh murid sekolah kapan saja dan dimana saja. Model pembelajaran berbasis video animasi bersifat formal. Pembelajaran yang terdapat juga menyediakan bahan pembelajaran meliputi macam-macam materi pembelajaran yang ada pada taman kanak-kanak (TK) Permata Bangsa Surabaya. Perancangan menghasilkan luaran media informasi berbasis video animasi yang nantinya sebagai penyampaian materi pembelajaran dan memudahkan anak didik untuk mendapat materi pembelajaran dengan mengakses website tersebut.