bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metformin anti-tumor effect via disruption of the MID1 translational regulator complex and AR downregulation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Demir Ummuhan , Koehler Andrea , Schneider Rainer , Schweiger Susann , Klocker Helmut
Published: January 2014

Background

Metformin is an approved drug prescribed for diabetes. Its role as an anti-cancer agent has drawn significant attention because of its minimal side effects and low cost. However, its mechanism of anti-tumour action has not yet been fully clarified.

Methods

The effect on cell growth was assessed by cell counting. Western blot was used for analysis of protein levels, Boyden chamber assays for analyses of cell migration and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) followed by western blot, PCR or qPCR for analysis of protein-protein and protein-mRNA interactions.

Results

Metformin showed an anti-proliferative effect on a wide range of prostate cancer cells. It disrupted the AR translational MID1 regulator complex leading to release of the associated AR mRNA and subsequently to downregulation of AR protein in AR positive cell lines. Inhibition of AR positive and negative prostate cancer cells by metformin suggests involvement of additional targets. The inhibitory effect of metformin was mimicked by disruption of the MID1-α4/PP2A protein complex by siRNA knockdown of MID1 or α4 whereas AMPK activation was not required.

Conclusions

Findings reported herein uncover a mechanism for the anti-tumor activity of metformin in prostate cancer, which is independent of its anti-diabetic effects. These data provide a rationale for the use of metformin in the treatment of hormone naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer and suggest AR is an important indirect target of metformin.
ANKS1B is a smoking-related molecular alteration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Serie Daniel J , Bot Brian M , Joseph Richard W , Cheville John C , Parker Alexander S
Published: January 2014

Background

An association between cigarette smoking and increased risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been established; however, there are limited data regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie this association. We used a multi-stage design to identify and validate genes that are associated with smoking-related ccRCC.

Methods

We first conducted a microarray study to compare gene expression patterns in patient-matched ccRCC and normal kidney tissues between patients with (n = 23) and without (n = 42) a history of smoking. Analyses were first stratified on obesity status (the other primary risk factor for ccRCC) and then combined and analyzed together. To identify genes where the fold change in smokers relative to non-smokers was different in tumor tissues in comparison to patient-matched normal kidney tissues, we identified Affymetrix probesets that had a significant tissue type-by-smoking status interaction pvalue. We then performed RT-PCR validation on the top eight candidate genes in an independent sample of 28 smokers and 54 non-smokers.

Results

We identified 15 probesets that mapped to eight genes that had candidate associations with smoking-related ccRCC: ANKS1B, ACOT6, PPWD1, EYS, LIMCH1, CHRNA6, MT1G, and ZNF600. Using RT-PCR, we validated that expression of ANKS1B is preferentially down-regulated in smoking-related ccRCC.

Conclusion

We provide the first evidence that ANKS1B expression is down regulated in ccRCC tumors relative to patient-matched normal kidney tissue in smokers. Thus, ANKS1B should be explored further as a novel avenue for early detection as well as prevention of ccRCC in smokers.
Prognostic analysis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with synchronous gastric cancer
Authors: Lin Mi , Lin Jian-Xian , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lu Jun
Published: January 2014

Background

Many patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and synchronous gastric cancer have been described, most in single case studies. We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features and prognostic effects of gastric GIST in patients with synchronous gastric cancer.

Methods

The study enrolled 170 patients with gastric GIST, who had undergone complete surgical resection (R0) from January 2000 to December 2011. Forty-two patients had synchronous gastric cancer (CA Group), whereas 128 did not (Non-CA Group). The clinicopathologic features and potential prognostic factors in the two groups were compared.

Results

Patients in the CA Group had more obvious symptoms, but a lower rate of preoperative diagnosis of gastric GIST (P <0.05). The two groups differed significantly in gender, age, greatest tumor diameter, risk stratification, tumor-associated ulcers, and CD117 and CD34 expression (P <0.05 each). Univariate analysis showed that age, risk stratification, postoperative oral imatinib and synchronous gastric cancer were predictive factors of survival (P <0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that risk stratification, postoperative oral imatinib and synchronous gastric cancer were independent predictors of survival (P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival rate was lower in patients with synchronous gastric cancer than in those without synchronous gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Gastric GIST with synchronous gastric cancer had a lower rate of preoperative diagnosis, with correct diagnosis often missed. Survival, however, depended primarily on the gastric cancer.
Ethnomedicine use in the war affected region of northwest Pakistan
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Ullah Ihsan , Tariq Akash , Murad Waheed , Azizullah Azizullah , Khan Abdul Latif , Ali Nawab
Published: January 2014

Background

North-West of Pakistan is bestowed with medicinal plant resources due to diverse geographical and habitat conditions. The traditional use of plants for curing various diseases forms an important part of the region’s cultural heritage. The study was carried out to document medicinal plants used in Frontier Region (FR) Bannu, an area affected by the “War on Terror”.

Methods

Fieldwork was carried out in four different seasons (spring, autumn, summer and winter) from March 2012 to February 2013. Data on medicinal plants was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires from 250 respondents. The voucher specimens were collected, processed and identified following standard methods.

Results

Of the 107 species of ethnomedicinal plants reported, fifty percent species are herbaceous. The majority of the reported species were wild (55%) but a substantial proportion are cultivated (29%). For most of the plant species (34%), leaves are the most commonly used part in the preparation of ethnomedicines. The most common use of species is for carminative purposes (14 species), with the next most common use being for blood purification (11 species). The main methods used in the preparation of ethnomedicinal recipes involves grinding and boiling, and nearly all the remedies are taken orally along with ingredients such as water, milk or honey for ease of ingestion. Traditional healers prepare plant remedies using one or more plants. There was a significant correlation (r2 = 0.95) between the age of local people and the number of plants known to them, which indicates that in the coming 20 years, an approximate decrease of 75% in the indigenous knowledge may be expected.

Conclusion

Traditional medicines are important to the livelihoods of rural communities in the region affected by the Global war on Terrorism. The medicinal recipes are indigenous; however, there is a threat to their future use on account of rapid modernization and terrorist activities. Documentation of medicinal plants and recipes may help in the conservation of the regional indigenous medicinal knowledge for future generations and to provide a baseline for further studies.
Reduction of meckelin leads to general loss of cilia, ciliary microtubule misalignment and distorted cell surface organization
Authors: Picariello Tyler , Valentine Megan Smith , Yano Junji , Van Houten Judith
Published: January 2014

Background

Meckelin (MKS3), a conserved protein linked to Meckel Syndrome, assists in themigration of centrioles to the cell surface for ciliogenesis. We explored foradditional functions of MKS3p using RNA interference (RNAi) and expression of FLAGepitope tagged protein in the ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia.This cell has a highly organized cell surface with thousands of cilia and basalbodies that are grouped into one or two basal body units delineated by ridges. Thehighly systematized nature of the P. tetraurelia cell surface provides aresearch model of MKS and other ciliopathies where changes in ciliary structure,subcellular organization and overall arrangement of the cell surface can be easilyobserved. We used cells reduced in IFT88 for comparison, as theinvolvement of this gene’s product with cilia maintenance and growth is wellunderstood.

Results

FLAG-MKS3p was found above the plane of the distal basal body in the transitionzone. Approximately 95% of those basal bodies observed had staining for FLAG-MKS3.The RNAi phenotype for MKS3 depleted cells included global shortening andloss of cilia. Basal body structure appeared unaffected. On the dorsal surface,the basal bodies and their associated rootlets appeared rotated out of alignmentfrom the normal anterior-posterior rows. Likewise, cortical units were abnormal inshape and out of alignment from normal rows. A GST pull down using the MKS3coiled-coil domain suggests previously unidentified interacting partners.

Conclusions

Reduction of MKS3p shows that this protein affects development and maintenance ofcilia over the entire cell surface. Reduction of MKS3p is most visible on thedorsal surface. The anterior basal body is attached to and moves along thestriated rootlet of the posterior basal body in preparation for duplication. Wepropose that with reduced MKS3p, this attachment and guidance of the basal body islost. The basal body veers off course, causing basal body rows to be misalignedand units to be misshapen. Rootlets form normally on these misaligned basal bodiesbut are rotated out of their correct orientation. Our hypothesis is furthersupported by the identification of novel interacting partners of MKS3p including akinetodesmal fiber protein, KdB2.
Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession
Authors: Blanchard Olivier J , Jaumotte Florence , Loungani Prakash
Published: January 2014

In this paper we present and analyze the IMF’s labor market recommendations for advanced economies since the beginning of the crisis, both in general and specifically in program countries. Our analysis is informed by our reading of the theoretical and empirical literature on the design of labor market policies and institutions in advanced economies. We organize our discussion around two concepts: micro flexibility, namely the ability of the economy to allow for the reallocation of workers to jobs needed to sustain growth; and macro flexibility, namely the ability of the economy to adjust to macroeconomic shocks. Achieving both types of flexibility while protecting workers and maintaining incentives for workers and firms to invest in existing relations, is not that simple, and the design of labor market institutions faces delicate trade-offs.

JEL codes

E2, J3, J5, J6
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 5 governs Wnt-mediated osteoarthritic cartilage destruction
Authors: Shin Youngnim , Huh Yun Hyun , Kim Kieun , Kim Suyeon , Park Ka Hyon , Koh Jeong-Tae , Chun Jang-Soo , Ryu Je-Hwang
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Wnt ligands bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP) 5 or 6, triggering a cascade of downstream events that include β-catenin signaling. Here we explored the roles of LRP5 in interleukin 1β (IL-1β)- or Wnt-mediated osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage destruction in mice.

Methods

The expression levels of LRP5, type II collagen, and catabolic factors were determined in mouse articular chondrocytes, human OA cartilage, and mouse experimental OA cartilage. Experimental OA in wild-type, Lrp5 total knockout (Lrp5-/-) and chondrocyte-specific knockout (Lrp5
fl/fl
;Col2a1-cre) mice was caused by aging, destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), or intra-articular injection of collagenase. The role of LRP5 was confirmed in vitro by small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of Lrp5 or in Lrp5-/- cells treated with IL-1β or Wnt proteins.

Results

IL-1β treatment increased the expression of LRP5 (but not LRP6) via JNK and NF-κB signaling. LRP5 was upregulated in human and mouse OA cartilage, and Lrp5 deficiency in mice inhibited cartilage destruction. Treatment with IL-1β or Wnt decreased the level of Col2a1 and increased those of Mmp3 or Mmp13, whereas Lrp5 knockdown ameliorated these effects. In addition, we found that the functions of LRP5 in arthritic cartilage were subject to transcriptional activation by β-catenin. Moreover, Lrp5-/- and Lrp5
fl/fl
;Col2a1-cre mice exhibited decreased cartilage destruction (and related changes in gene expression) in response to experimental OA.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that LRP5 (but not LRP6) plays an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin-signaling-mediated OA cartilage destruction in part by regulating the expression levels of type II collagen, MMP3, and MMP13.
The effect of pressure on rock properties in the Gulf of Mexico: Comparison between compaction disequilibrium and unloading
Authors: Yu Hua , Hilterman Fred J.
Published: January 2014

We used statistical methods on rock properties derived from more than 480 wells to catalog shale velocity and density trends in different pressure regimes in the Gulf of Mexico and evaluated the reasons for their variations. A detailed evaluation of the density and velocity trends revealed that in the northern part of the Louisiana shelf, unloading is the major mechanism of overpressure. The onset of overpressure occurs at depths around 3000 m where temperatures are normally greater than 70°C. The relationship of the temperature gradient increase and the velocity decrease to the smectite-illite transformation allowed us to believe that inelastic unloading may be the major mechanism for overpressure in this region. On the other hand, in the southern part of the Louisiana shelf, abnormal pore pressure is often caused by compaction disequilibrium where the sediment section has a low sand percentage. In this type of pressure regime, velocity and density values cease to change at the onset of overpressure and essentially remain at the same value below the onset.
Independent component spectral analysis
Authors: Honório Bruno César Zanardo , Sanchetta Alexandre Cruz , Leite Emilson Pereira , Vidal Alexandre Campane
Published: January 2014

Spectral decomposition techniques can break down the broadband seismic records into a series of frequency components that are useful for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. However, it is laborious and time-consuming to analyze and to interpret each seismic frequency volume taking all the usable seismic bandwidth. In this context, we propose a multivariate technique based on independent component analysis (ICA) with the goal of choosing the spectral components that best represent the whole seismic spectrum while keeping the main geological information. The ICA-based method goes beyond the Gaussian assumption and takes advantage of higher order statistics to find a new set of variables that are independent of each other. The independence between two components is a more general statistical concept than the noncorrelation and, in principle, allows the extraction of more significant information from the data. We have tested four different contrast functions to estimate the independent components (ICs), which we could verify a better channel system identification depending on the contrast function used. By stacking the ICs in the red-green-blue color space, we could represent the main information in a single, good quality image. To illustrate the proposed method, we have applied it to a seismic volume which was acquired over the F3 block in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. We also compared the results with those obtained by principal component analysis. In this case, the ICA-based method could generate a better image and faithfully delineate a channel system presented in the studied seismic volume.
Estimating randomness using seismic disorder
Authors: Al-Dossary Saleh , Wang Yuchun Eugene , McFarlane Mark
Published: January 2014

The new seismic disorder attribute quantitatively describes the degree of randomness embedded in 3D poststack seismic data. We compute seismic disorder using a filter operation that removes simple structures including constant values, constant slopes, and steps in axial directions. We define the power of the filtered data as the seismic disorder attribute, which approximately represents data randomness. Seismic data irregularities are caused by a variety of reasons, including random reflection, diffraction, near-surface variations, and acquisition noise. Consequently, the spatial distribution of the seismic disorder attribute may help hydrocarbon exploration in several ways, including identifying geologic features such as fracture zones, gas chimneys, and terminated unconformities; indicating the signal-to-noise ratio to assess data quality; and providing a confidence index for reservoir simulation and engineering projects. We present three case studies and a comparison to other noise-estimation methods.
Relative acoustic impedance from wavelet transform
Authors: de Matos Marcílio Castro , Penna Rodrigo , Johann Paulo , Marfurt Kurt
Published: January 2014

Most deconvolution algorithms try to transform the seismic wavelet into spikes by designing inverse filters that remove an estimated seismic wavelet from seismic data. We assume that seismic trace subtle discontinuities are associated with acoustic impedance contrasts and can be characterized by wavelet transform spectral ridges, also called modulus maxima lines (WTMML), allowing us to improve seismic resolution by using the wavelet transform. Specifically, we apply the complex Morlet continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to each seismic trace and compute the WTMMLs. Then, we reconstruct the seismic trace with the inverse continuous wavelet transform from the computed WTMMLs with a broader band complex Morlet wavelet than that used in the forward CWT. Because the reconstruction process preserves amplitude and phase along different scales, or frequencies, the result looks like a deconvolution method. Considering this high-resolution seismic representation as a reflectivity approximation, we estimate the relative acoustic impedance (RAI) by filtering and trace integrating it. Conventional deconvolution algorithms assume the seismic wavelet to be stochastic, while the CWT is implicitly time varying such that it can be applied to both depth and time-domain data. Using synthetic and real seismic data, we evaluated the effectiveness of the methodology on detecting seismic events associated with acoustic impedance changes. In the real data examples, time and in-depth RAI results, show good correlation with real P-impedance band-pass data computed using more rigorous commercial inversion software packages that require well logs and low-frequency velocity model information.
Non-fatal repetition of self-harm in Taipei City, Taiwan: cohort study
Authors: Kwok Chi-Leung , Yip Paul S. F. , Gunnell David , Kuo Chian-Jue , Chen Ying-Yeh
Published: January 2014

Background

Repeat self-harm is an important risk factor for suicide. Few studies have explored risk factors for non-fatal repeat self-harm in Asia.

Aims

To investigate the risk of non-fatal repeat self-harm in a large cohort of patients presenting to hospital in Taipei City, Taiwan.

Method

Prospective cohort study of 7601 patients with self-harm presenting to emergency departments (January 2004–December 2006). Survival analysis was used to examine the rates, timing and factors associated with repeat self-harm.

Results

In total 778 (10.2%) patients presented to hospital with one or more further episodes of self-harm. The cumulative risk of non-fatal repetition within 1 year of a self-harm episode was 9.3% (95% CI 8.7–10.1). The median time to repetition within 1 year was 105 days. Females had a higher incidence of repeat self-harm than males (adjusted hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.48) but males had shorter median time to repetition (107v.80 days). Other independent risk factors for repeat self-harm within 1 year of an index episode were: young age, self-harm by medicine overdose and increasing number of repeat episodes of self-harm.

Conclusions

The risk of non-fatal repeat self-harm in Taipei City is lower than that seen in the West. Risk factors for repeat non-fatal self-harm differ from those for fatal self-harm. The first 3 months after self-harm is a crucial period for intervention.
Cellular characterization of ultrasound-stimulated microbubble radiation enhancement
Authors: Al-Mahrouki Azza A. , Iradji Sara , Tran William Tyler , Czarnota Gregory J.
Published: January 2014

Tumor radiation resistance poses a major obstacle in achieving an optimal outcome in radiation therapy. In the current study, we characterize a novel therapeutic approach that combines ultrasound-driven microbubbles with radiation to increase treatment responses in prostate cancer xenografts. Tumor response to ultrasound-driven microbubbles and radiation was assessed 24 hours after treatment which consisted of radiation treatments alone (2 Gy or 8 Gy), or ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles only, or a combination of radiation and ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles. Immunohistochemical analysis using in situ end labeling (ISEL) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) revealed increased cell death, within tumors exposed to combined treatments compared to untreated tumors or tumors exposed to radiation alone. Several biomarkers were investigated to evaluate cell proliferation (Ki67), blood leakage (factor VIII), angiogenesis (Cluster of differentiation molecule, CD31), ceramide-formation, angiogenesis signaling (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), oxygen limitation (prolyl hydroxylases, PHD2), and DNA damage/repair (gamma H2AX). Results demonstrated, reduced vascularity due to vascular disruption by ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles, increased ceramide production, and increased DNA damage of tumor cells, despite decreased tumor oxygenation with significantly less proliferating cells in the combined treatments. This combined approach may be a feasible option as a novel enhancing approach in radiation therapy.
Mosaic analysis and tumor induction in zebrafish by microsatellite instability-mediated stochastic gene expression
Authors: Koole Wouter , Tijsterman Marcel
Published: January 2014

Mosaic analysis, in which two or more populations of cells with differing genotypes are studied in a single animal, is a powerful approach to study developmental mechanisms and gene function in vivo. Over recent years several genetic methods have been developed to achieve mosaicism in zebrafish, but despite their advances, limitations remain and different approaches and further refinements are warranted. Here, we describe an alternative approach to create somatic mosaicism in zebrafish that relies on the instability of microsatellite sequences during replication. We placed the coding sequences of various marker proteins behind a microsatellite and out-of-frame; in vivo frameshifting into the proper reading frame results in expression of the protein in random individual cells that are surrounded by wildtype cells. We optimized this approach for the binary Gal4-UAS expression system by generating a driver line and effector lines that stochastically express Gal4-VP16 or UAS:H2A-EGFP and self-maintaining UAS:H2A-EGFP-Kaloop, respectively. To demonstrate the utility of this system we stochastically expressed a constitutively active form of the human oncogene H-RAS and show the occurrence of hyperpigmentation and sporadic tumors within 5 days. Our data demonstrate that inducing somatic mosaicism via microsatellite instability can be a valuable approach for mosaic analysis and tumor induction in Danio rerio.
Regulation of Src trafficking and activation by the endocytic regulatory proteins MICAL-L1 and EHD1
Authors: Reinecke James B. , Katafiasz Dawn , Naslavsky Naava , Caplan Steve
Published: January 2014

Localization of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src to the cell periphery is required for its activation and to mediate focal adhesion turnover, cell spreading and migration. Inactive Src localizes to a perinuclear compartment and the movement of Src to the plasma membrane is mediated by endocytic transport. However, the precise pathways and regulatory proteins that are responsible for SRC transport are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Src partially colocalizes with the endocytic regulatory protein MICAL-L1 (molecule interacting with CasL-like protein 1) in mammalian cells. Furthermore, MICAL-L1 is required for growth-factor- and integrin-induced Src activation and transport to the cell periphery in HeLa cells and human fibroblasts. Accordingly, MICAL-L1 depletion impairs focal adhesion turnover, cell spreading and cell migration. Interestingly, we find that the MICAL-L1 interaction partner EHD1 (EH domain-containing protein 1) is also required for Src activation and transport. Moreover, the MICAL-L1-mediated recruitment of EHD1 to Src-containing recycling endosomes is required for the release of Src from the perinuclear endocytic recycling compartment in response to growth factor stimulation. Our study sheds new light on the mechanism by which Src is transported to the plasma membrane and activated, and provides a new function for MICAL-L1 and EHD1 in the regulation of intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinases.
Androgen receptor complexes probe DNA for recognition sequences by short random interactions
Authors: Van Royen Martin E. , van Cappellen Wiggert A. , Geverts Bart , Schmidt Thomas , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. , Schaaf Marcel J. M.
Published: January 2014

Due to the tremendous progress in microscopic imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins in living cells, the insight into the highly dynamic behavior of transcription factors has rapidly increased over the past decade. However, a consistent quantitative scheme of their action is still lacking. Using the androgen receptor as a model system, we combined three different fluorescence microscopy assays: single-molecule microscopy, photobleaching and correlation spectroscopy, to provide a quantitative model of the action of this transcription factor. This approach enabled us to distinguish two types of AR-DNA binding: very brief interactions, in the order of a few hundred milliseconds, and hormone-induced longer-lasting interactions, with a characteristic binding time of several seconds. In addition, freely mobile ARs were slowed down in the presence of hormone, suggesting the formation of large AR-coregulator complexes in the nucleoplasm upon hormone activation. Our data suggest a model in which mobile, hormone-induced transcription factor-coregulator complexes probe DNA by briefly binding at random sites, and only forming relatively stable transcription initiation complexes when bound to specific recognition sequences.
Cerebral cavernous malformation proteins at a glance
Authors: Draheim Kyle M. , Fisher Oriana S. , Boggon Titus J. , Calderwood David A.
Published: January 2014

Loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding KRIT1 (also known as CCM1), CCM2 (also known as OSM and malcavernin) or PDCD10 (also known as CCM3) cause cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). These abnormalities are characterized by dilated leaky blood vessels, especially in the neurovasculature, that result in increased risk of stroke, focal neurological defects and seizures. The three CCM proteins can exist in a trimeric complex, and each of these essential multi-domain adaptor proteins also interacts with a range of signaling, cytoskeletal and adaptor proteins, presumably accounting for their roles in a range of basic cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, polarity and apoptosis. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of current models of CCM protein function focusing on how known protein–protein interactions might contribute to cellular phenotypes and highlighting gaps in our current understanding.
Atypical Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Leanza Vito , Rubbino Gabriella , Leanza Gianluca
Published: January 2014

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) (also called Bushy Syndrome or Amsterdam dwarfism), is a genetic disorder that can lead to several alterations. This disease affects both physical and psychical development. The various abnormalities include facial dysmorphia (arched eyebrows, synophrys, depressed nasal bridge, long philtrum, down-turned angles of the mouth), upper-extremity malformations, hirsutism, cardiac defects, and gastrointestinal alterations. The prevalence of this syndrome is approximately one per 15,000.  Ultrasound is not the perfect means to diagnose CdLS, however, many abnormalities can be detected prenatally by scrupulous image observation.

We report an atypical CdLS case characterized by increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester, normal kariotype, saddle nose, micrognathia with receding jaw, low set ears, facies senilis, arthrogryposis of the hands, absence of the Aranzio ductus venous, dilatation of gallbladder and bowel, a unique umbilical artery, increased volume of amniotic fluid, and intrauterine growth retardation ending with the interruption of pregnancy.
Introduction to Theory and Practice in Marketing Conference Special Section of Marketing Science
Authors: Gupta Sunil , Hanssens Dominique , Hauser John R. , Lehmann Donald , Schmitt Bernd
Published: January 2014

This special section is the result of an effort by several scholars to move marketing academic research toward greater practical relevance. This initiative, called Theory + Practice in Marketing (TPM), started with a conference at Columbia Business School in 2011, and the five papers published in this special section were presented at the second TPM conference held at Harvard Business School in 2012.
Data Set—Online Pricing Data for Multiple U.S. Carriers
Authors: Mumbower Stacey , Garrow Laurie A.
Published: January 2014

In this paper we describe a database of online airline prices collected from a major online travel agent and a low-cost carrier. The database provides detailed pricing data for all nonstop flights offered in a market. Data are provided for 42 domestic U.S. markets across a 28-day booking horizon for 21 departure dates. Each of the 42 markets is served by one or more low-cost carriers. These data can be used to investigate the evolution of prices and price dispersion for monopoly, duopoly, and oligopoly markets. The data can be used to create simulated data sets for benchmarking the performance of revenue management algorithms that consider competitors' prices. Analysis of the data may enable researchers to observe general patterns that would be useful to motivate research and/or teaching in revenue management.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2013.0466 .
The salience of kinship in personal networks of three cohorts of Portuguese people
Authors: Gouveia Rita , Widmer Eric D
Published: January 2014

Modernity has often been understood as being irreconcilable with the persistence of kinship. Personal networks are said to have become less centred on kinship, and instead, more contracted and individualised. Portugal, a country that has witnessed tremendous social and economic change in the last four decades, was selected as the subject of this study on the salience of kinship in contexts of social change. A large survey on family and personal ties of three cohorts of Portuguese people born in different periods and facing different transitions in life was used to investigate the salience of kinship in personal relationships. The results show that kinship remains a major pillar of personal networks in Portuguese society. However, the findings also show a segmentation of its salience according to the biographical, normative and structural contexts in which individuals are embedded. The translation of individualisation trends to everyday relational scenarios reveals complex processes of differentiation.
Ertragsmaximierung eines katalytischen Festbettreaktors mit Hilfe eines modellprädiktiven Reglers und Zustandsschätzers
Authors: Rhein Sönke , Utz Tilman , Graichen Knut
Published: January 2014

In diesem Beitrag wird der Entwurf eines modellprädiktiven Reglers und Zustandsschätzers für einen katalytischen Festbettreaktor vorgestellt. Das nichtlineare verteilt-parametrische Reaktormodell wird hierfür zunächst durch ein hochdimensionales Ersatzsystem gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen approximiert. Durch die geeignete Formulierung eines dynamischen Optimierungsproblems für den Regler wird eine Maximierung des Ertrags erreicht. Ein angepasstes Gradientenverfahren in Verbindung mit einer effizienten numerischen Integration erlaubt eine echtzeitfähige Implementierung des Konzepts.
Projections of Richardson varieties
Authors: Knutson Allen , Lam Thomas , Speyer David E
Published: January 2014

While the projections of Schubert varieties in a full generalized
flag manifold G/B to a partial flag manifold G/P are again
Schubert varieties, the projections of Richardson varieties
(intersections of Schubert varieties with opposite Schubert varieties)
are not always Richardson varieties. The stratification of G/P
by projections of Richardson varieties arises in the theory of
total positivity and also from Poisson and noncommutative geometry.
In this paper we show that many of the geometric
properties of Richardson varieties hold more generally for projected
Richardson varieties; they are normal, Cohen–Macaulay, have
rational resolutions, and are compatibly Frobenius split with
respect to the standard splitting. Indeed, we show that the
projected Richardson varieties are the only compatibly
split subvarieties, providing an example of the recent theorem
(Schwede, Kumar–Mehta) that a Frobenius split scheme has only
finitely many compatibly split subvarieties. (The G/B case was
treated by Hague, whose proof we simplify somewhat.)
One combinatorial analogue of a Richardson variety is the order
complex of the corresponding Bruhat interval in W;
this complex is known to be an EL-shellable ball (Björner–Wachs).
We prove that the projection of such a complex into the order complex
of the Bruhat order on

W
/

W
P

$W/W_P$

is again a shellable ball.
This requires extensive analysis of “P-Bruhat order”,
a generalization of the k-Bruhat order of Bergeron–Sottile.
In the case that G/P is minuscule (e.g. a Grassmannian),
we show that its Gröbner degeneration takes each projected Richardson
variety to the Stanley–Reisner scheme of its corresponding ball.
Motivic Milnor fiber of a quasi-ordinary hypersurface
Authors: González Pérez Pedro D. , González Villa Manuel
Published: January 2014

Let

f

:

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

→

(
𝐂
,
0
)

$f \hspace{-1.0pt}:\hspace{-1.0pt}(\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0) \hspace{-1.0pt}\rightarrow \hspace{-1.0pt}(\mathbf {C},0)$

be a germ of complex
analytic function such that
its zero level defines an irreducible germ of quasi-ordinary hypersurface

(
S
,
0
)

⊂

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

$(S, 0) \subset (\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0)$

.
We describe the motivic Igusa zeta function, the motivic Milnor fibre
and the Hodge–Steenbrink spectrum of f at 0 in terms of
topological invariants of

(
S
,
0
)

⊂

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

$(S, 0) \subset (\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0)$

.
The special values of Dirichlet L-functions as an analogue of the Iwasawa power series
Authors: Sun Hae-Sang
Published: January 2014

For two different prime numbers p and

ℓ

$\ell $

, the special values of Dirichlet L-functions in a finite field of characteristic p are considered as a function on the

ℓ

$\ell $

-power roots of unity, which is an analogue of the Iwasawa power series. In this setting, we prove various properties of these functions, for example, transcendence and linear independence over rational functions, which are non-equal characteristic analogues of
the results of Anglès–Ranieri [Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 60 (2010), no. 5, 1831–1855]
and the author [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 138 (2010), no. 6, 1955–1963].
The cyclotomic polynomial topologically
Authors: Musiker Gregg , Reiner Victor
Published: January 2014

We interpret the coefficients of the cyclotomic polynomial
in terms of simplicial homology.
Association of oral hygiene habits and food intake with the risk of dental caries among undergraduate university women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Al-Mannai Mariam , Abduljawad Eman
Published: January 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of dental caries in relation to oral hygiene habits and food intake among women at university in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A sample of 935 undergraduate university women was selected from the King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A previously pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Odds ratios were calculated to estimate the risk of dental caries associated with oral hygiene and food intake.

Results: The findings revealed that women who cleaned their teeth three times or more per day mostly cleaned their teeth after intake of sweets and chocolates, and had no gingivitis were at less risk of dental caries than other women (p=0.029, p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). The intake of milk, fruit and vegetables on 4 days or more per week was found to protect against dental caries (odds ratios=0.34, 0.64 and 0.73, respectively), whereas the intake of chocolate and soft drinks for the same period was found to be a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratios=1.8 and 1.4, respectively).

Conclusion: The results of this study are useful for public health intervention programs to combat dental caries in the Saudi community.
A grand potential approach to phase-field modeling of rapid solidification
Authors: Danilov Denis A. , Lebedev Vladimir G. , Galenko Peter K.
Published: January 2014

Rapid solidification occurs under large driving force of transformation from
the metastable undercooled liquid phase to the stable crystalline state. Using
a formalism of extended irreversible thermodynamics, a phase-field model of
rapid solidification in binary systems is derived. An entropy approach
together with a grand potential density of a binary system is used to obtain
the main governing equations of the model. Special attention is paid to equations
of a rapidly solidifying binary system which are accompanied by essential
deviations from local equilibrium in the transport of the conservative variables
(such as inner energy and mass) and in the dynamics of non-conservative
variables (such as phase field). The obtained equations are analyzed and
compared with recent models and outcomes based on the grand potential
approach to solidification.
Stochastic controls of relaxed-singular problems
Authors: Chala Adel , Bahlali Seid
Published: January 2014

We consider in this paper mixed relaxed-singular stochastic control problems,
where the control variable has two components, the first being measure-valued
and the second singular. The control domain is not necessarily convex and the
system is governed by a nonlinear stochastic differential equation, in which
the measure-valued part of the control enters both the drift and the diffusion
coefficients. We establish necessary optimality conditions of the Pontryagin
maximum principle type satisfied by an optimal relaxed-singular control,
which exist under general conditions on the coefficients. The proof is based
on the strict singular stochastic maximum principle established by
Bahlali–Mezerdi, Ekeland's variational principle and some stability properties
of the trajectories and adjoint processes with respect to the control variable.
Asian Immigration and Its Scholars
Authors: Varzally Allison
Published: January 2014

The author surveys the work of Hart H. North.
GPER-mediated proliferation and estradiol production in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Luo Haojun , Yang Guanglun , Yu Tenghua , Luo Shujuan , Wu Chengyi , Sun Yan , Liu Manran , Tu Gang
Published: January 2014

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial co-mediators of breast cancer progression. Estrogen is the predominant driving force in the cyclic regulation of the mammary extracellular matrix, thus potentially affecting the tumor-associated stroma. Recently, a third estrogen receptor, estrogen (G-protein-coupled) receptor (GPER), has been reported to be expressed in breast CAFs. In this study, GPER was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in stromal fibroblasts of 41.8% (59/141) of the primary breast cancer samples. GPER expression in CAFs isolated from primary breast cancer tissues was confirmed by immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. Tamoxifen (TAM) in addition to 17β-estradiol (E2) and the GPER agonist G1 activated GPER, resulting in transient increases in cell index, intracellular calcium, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, TAM, E2, and G1 promoted CAF proliferation and cell-cycle progression, both of which were blocked by GPER interference, the selective GPER antagonist G15, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478, and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Importantly, TAM as well as G1 increased E2 production in breast CAFs via GPER/EGFR/ERK signaling when the substrate of E2, testosterone, was added to the medium. GPER-induced aromatase upregulation was probably responsible for this phenomenon, as TAM- and G1-induced CYP19A1 gene expression was reduced by GPER knockdown and G15, AG1478, and U0126 administration. Accordingly, GPER-mediated CAF-dependent estrogenic effects on the tumor-associated stroma are conceivable, and CAF is likely to contribute to breast cancer progression, especially TAM resistance, via a positive feedback loop involving GPER/EGFR/ERK signaling and E2 production.
Tracheostomies and Assisted Ventilation in Children With Profound Disabilities: Navigating Family and Professional Values
Authors: Wilfond Benjamin S.
Published: January 2014

Parental requests for gastrostomies, tracheostomies, or assisted ventilation in children with profound disabilities raise ethical concerns about children’s interests, parental decision-making, and health care costs. The underlying concern for many relates to the perceived value of these children. Clinicians should make efforts to appreciate the family’s perspective regarding children with profound disabilities who require respiratory and nutritional medical support. Finding opportunities to learn about the family members’ lives outside of the health care setting may facilitate a deeper understanding of what it means to live with a child who has profound disabilities. In conversations with families, referring to interventions as futile and conditions as lethal will obscure the value-based nature of these decisions. Respiratory and nutritional interventions are not clearly against the interests of most children. Even for children with a limited life span, life-sustaining interventions may be important for the child and family. Health care costs are a serious societal issue; however, the costs associated with profound disabilities are not the most significant contributor. Societal decisions not to provide life-sustaining health care to children with profound disabilities would require a public process. Clinicians may have personal views regarding decisions for their own family or for their vision for society. However, clinicians have professional obligations to families who have different values. It is important to present balanced information and support parental decision-making so parents may decide to forgo or use life-sustaining interventions according to their values and goals.
‘That which we have forgotten’: The Emergence of ‘Traditional Islam’ as a New Movement in Global Muslim Religious Contestation
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: January 2014

This article explores the global emergence of new forms of Sufism that are successfully engaging with Salafi and Wahhabi discourses under the label of Traditional Islam or TI, and assesses the impact of this current movement in Sufism and the continued resilience of the Sufi tradition in the modern era. This article compares and contrasts two case studies: first, that of the diaspora presence of Muslims in Britain and second, the embattled Muslim struggle for survival in Jerusalem, showing how Traditional Islam has developed ‘third way’ strategies in both places, discursively linked to a global revival of Sufism and drawing upon Islamicisation as a fund for promoting their version of authentic Islam. The article concludes that the TI network demonstrates both continuity with history and change in relation to the impact of modernity.
Australian Religion Studies Review – Journal for the Academic Study of Religion Name Change Announcement
Authors: Ezzy Douglas , Hedges Paul , Pratt Douglas
Published: January 2014

From Volume 26, the Australian Religion Studies Review (the journal of the Australian Association for the Study of Religions) will change to the Journal for the Academic Study of Religion.
Australian Anglicans and Religious Plurality: Exclusive Theologies vs. Theological Affirmations of Diversity - A Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Bouma Gary
Published: January 2014

Religious Diversity both within and between religious groups has long challenged Anglicans. The demographics of religious diversity shape interreligious relations. Societies where one group dominates numerically and adds to this cultural domination and state support are very different from societies where no one group dominates. In Australia, Anglicans have been one group among others, sharing state support in the early nineteenth century and civic recognition today. Australian sectarian rivalries of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries occasioned both alliances among Protestant groups anticipating and advancing ecumenism, and bitter anti-Catholic division. Meanwhile internal religious diversity among Anglicans seemed to exceed the differences between them and others. The logic and behaviours of ecumenism were extended by some to Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus and others; while exclusivist theologies prevailed in other quarters. The demographics of religious diversity are now felt in nearly every city in the world. This is particularly true of Australia’s largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne. This plurality not only enables everyday encounters between people of many faiths, but calls for the completion of the theological work begun by Bishop Kenneth Cragg and others; theological work that moves through mutual respect and recognition of irreducible difference to accepting religious diversity as part of the orders of creation and discerning Jesus’ respect for religious diversity in the Gospels. This article provides data on the Australian experience; recounts the development of interreligious relations through the lens of a comparison of Melbourne and Sydney; and does some biblical and theological work toward valuing God’s gift of religious diversity.