bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable and Cost-Effective Assignment of Mobile Crowdsensing Tasks Based on Profiling Trends and Prediction: The ParticipAct Living Lab Experience
Authors: Bellavista Paolo , Corradi Antonio , Foschini Luca , Ianniello Raffaele
Published: July 2015

Nowadays, sensor-rich smartphones potentially enable the harvesting of huge amounts of valuable sensing data in urban environments, by opportunistically involving citizens to play the role of mobile virtual sensors to cover Smart City areas of interest. This paper proposes an in-depth study of the challenging technical issues related to the efficient assignment of Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) data collection tasks to volunteers in a crowdsensing campaign. In particular, the paper originally describes how to increase the effectiveness of the proposed sensing campaigns through the inclusion of several new facilities, including accurate participant selection algorithms able to profile and predict user mobility patterns, gaming techniques, and timely geo-notification. The reported results show the feasibility of exploiting profiling trends/prediction techniques from volunteers’ behavior; moreover, they quantitatively compare different MCS task assignment strategies based on large-scale and real MCS data campaigns run in the ParticipAct living lab, an ongoing MCS real-world experiment that involved more than 170 students of the University of Bologna for more than one year.
Diazonium Chemistry for the Bio-Functionalization of Glassy Nanostring Resonator Arrays
Authors: Zheng Wei , Du Rongbing , Cao Yong , Mohammad Mohammad , Dew Steven , McDermott Mark , Evoy Stephane
Published: July 2015

Resonant glassy nanostrings have been employed for the detection of biomolecules. These devices offer high sensitivity and amenability to large array integration and multiplexed assays. Such a concept has however been impaired by the lack of stable and biocompatible linker chemistries. Diazonium salt reduction-induced aryl grafting is an aqueous-based process providing strong chemical adhesion. In this work, diazonium-based linker chemistry was performed for the first time on glassy nanostrings, which enabled the bio-functionalization of such devices. Large arrays of nanostrings with ultra-narrow widths down to 10 nm were fabricated employing electron beam lithography. Diazonium modification was first developed on SiCN surfaces and validated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Similarly modified nanostrings were then covalently functionalized with anti-rabbit IgG as a molecular probe. Specific enumeration of rabbit IgG was successfully performed through observation of downshifts of resonant frequencies. The specificity of this enumeration was confirmed through proper negative control experiments. Helium ion microscopy further verified the successful functionalization of nanostrings.
RGB-D SLAM Combining Visual Odometry and Extended Information Filter
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Yanli , Tan Jindong , Xiong Naixue
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present a novel RGB-D SLAM system based on visual odometry and an extended information filter, which does not require any other sensors or odometry. In contrast to the graph optimization approaches, this is more suitable for online applications. A visual dead reckoning algorithm based on visual residuals is devised, which is used to estimate motion control input. In addition, we use a novel descriptor called binary robust appearance and normals descriptor (BRAND) to extract features from the RGB-D frame and use them as landmarks. Furthermore, considering both the 3D positions and the BRAND descriptors of the landmarks, our observation model avoids explicit data association between the observations and the map by marginalizing the observation likelihood over all possible associations. Experimental validation is provided, which compares the proposed RGB-D SLAM algorithm with just RGB-D visual odometry and a graph-based RGB-D SLAM algorithm using the publicly-available RGB-D dataset. The results of the experiments demonstrate that our system is quicker than the graph-based RGB-D SLAM algorithm.
The Social Constructedness of Resilience
Authors: Endress Martin
Published: July 2015

This essay aims to clarify what it means to de-essentialize the concept of “resilience”. Pre-determinated assumptions regarding its normativity or positive character are to be disproven in order to conceptualize it as an open (social) process; thus to adopt a social constructivist perspective on the phenomenon to which this term refers, while avoiding the typical pitfalls of relativism.
Examining the Perceptions of Mobility-Impaired Travelers: an Analysis of Service Expectations, Evaluations, and Travel Barriers
Authors: Karacaoglu Sila , Yolal Medet , Gursoy Dogan
Published: July 2015

This study examines tourism experiences of mobility-impaired individuals, their evaluations and expectations from tourism service providers, and their satisfaction with the services provided. Data were collected from a sample of respondents in Eskisehir, Turkey. The findings suggest
that health is not the main barrier to travel; instead, income is found to be one of the most important factors affecting the travel patterns of the mobility impaired. Additionally, while the respondents are found to have a generally favorable evaluation of hotel attributes, transportation
services are found to present a significant barrier to travel. Implications and recommendations for strategic tourism management are provided.
“Breaking the Silence”: Local Perceptions of Slum Tourism in Dharavi
Authors: Slikker Nieck , Koens Ko
Published: July 2015

Slum tourism has been criticized for potentially exploiting the communities it visits. While the daily life of residents is the primary attraction of slum tourism, they do not receive any remuneration. Given the heated debate surrounding this topic, it is surprising that the perspective
of residents remains largely unknown. This article aims to address this lacuna, by providing insights into the perceptions that residents have on slum tourism in Dharavi slum, India. It is unique in that it explicitly addresses host perceptions towards slum tourism enterprises as well as charitable
activities funded through slum tourism. Insights were gained through 74 semistructured interviews, conducted in the most visited areas of the slum. Four different resident perspectives are recognized: apprehensive, positive, indifferent, and skeptical. Over time, residents in Dharavi become
less excited by the presence of tourists, but they do not develop a negative attitude to them. Although residents are not without criticism of tourism, and there is a lack of knowledge on tourism's contribution to community development projects, they do not view tourism as exploitative. The
struggle for Dharavi will be to ensure tour operators will continue to operate in a way sensitive to the local community, as tourist numbers and competition increases.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Could Predict the Risk for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis
Authors: Pi Hai-Chen , Ren Ye-Ping , Wang Qin , Xu Rong , Dong Jie
Published: July 2015

Background

As an immune system regulator, vitamin D is commonly deficient among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), which may contribute to their impaired immune function and increased risk for PD-related peritonitis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency could predict the risk of peritonitis in a prospective cohort of patients on PD.

Methods

We collected 346 prevalent and incident PD patients from 2 hospitals. Baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured at baseline and prior to peritonitis. The mean doses of oral active vitamin D used during the study period were also recorded. The outcome was the occurrence of peritonitis.

Results

The mean age of patients and duration of PD were 58.95 ± 13.67 years and 28.45 (15.04 – 53.37) months, respectively. Baseline 25(OH)D level was 16.15 (12.13 – 21.16) nmol/L, which was closely associated with diabetic status, longer PD duration, malnutrition, and inflammation. Baseline serum 25(OH)D predicted the occurrence of peritonitis independently of active vitamin D supplementation with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90 – 0.98) after adjusting for recognized confounders (age, gender, dialysis duration, diabetes, albumin, residual renal function, and history of peritonitis). Compared to the low tertile, middle and high 25(OH)D level tertiles were associated with a decreased risk for peritonitis with HRs of 0.54 (95% CI 0.31 – 0.94) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.20 – 0.75), respectively.

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency evaluated by serum 25(OH)D rather than active vitamin D supplementation is closely associated with a higher risk of peritonitis.
ISPD Cardiovascular and Metabolic Guidelines in Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Part I – Assessment and Management of Various Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Wang Angela Yee Moon , Brimble K. Scott , Brunier Gillian , Holt Stephen G. , Jha Vivekanand , Johnson David W. , Kang Shin-Wook , Kooman Jeroen P. , Lambie Mark , McIntyre Chris , Mehrotra Rajnish , Pecoits-Filho Roberto
Published: July 2015

Cardiovascular disease contributes significantly to the adverse clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Numerous cardiovascular risk factors play important roles in the development of various cardiovascular complications. Of these, loss of residual renal function is regarded as one of the key cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with an increased mortality and cardiovascular death. It is also recognized that PD solutions may incur significant adverse metabolic effects in PD patients. The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) commissioned a global workgroup in 2012 to formulate a series of recommendations regarding lifestyle modification, assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors, as well as management of the various cardiovascular complications including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmia (specifically atrial fibrillation), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease and sudden cardiac death, to be published in 2 guideline documents. This publication forms the first part of the guideline documents and includes recommendations on assessment and management of various cardiovascular risk factors. The documents are intended to serve as a global clinical practice guideline for clinicians who look after PD patients. The ISPD workgroup also identifies areas where evidence is lacking and further research is needed.
Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxinotypes in infected patients at a tertiary care center in Lebanon
Authors: Moukhaiber Romy , Araj George F , Kissoyan Kohar Annie B , Cheaito Katia A , Matar Ghassan M
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Due to the increase in the incidence of Clostridium difficile associated diseases at a tertiary care center in Lebanon, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalent C. difficile toxinotypes. Methodology: The immunocard method was used to test for toxins A and B in 88 collected stool samples, followed with API 20A to confirm for C. difficile. PCR amplification of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene, the toxin encoding genes tcdA, and tcdB, followed by toxinotyping, were performed on recovered isolates and stool specimens. Results: Out of the 88 stool samples obtained, 30 (65.2%) were Immunocard positive, culture and or tpi positive for C. difficile. Of the 30 isolates, 4 were PCR negative for the tcdA and tcdB genes (A-B-), and 26 were PCR positive for the tcdA and / or tcdB genes with 4 being A+B+, 1 A+B-, and 21 A-B+. The results of toxinotyping showed that 2 isolates belonged to toxinotype 0, 4 to toxinotype XI, 2 to toxinotype XII, 1 to toxinotype XVI, 1(A+B-) and twenty (A-B+) designated as toxinotype 0-like. C. difficile was detected in 65.2% of patients' stools with prevalence of toxinotype 0-like. Conclusion: Identification of toxinotypes of C. difficile is important to determine the virulence potential of strains and control their spread.
Psychometric Properties of the Family Caregiver Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire
Authors: Bull Margaret J. , Avery Jennifer Sjostedt , Boaz Lesley , Oswald Debra
Published: July 2015

A valid, reliable measure of family caregivers’ knowledge about delirium was not located in the literature; such an instrument is essential to assess learning needs and outcomes of education provided. The purpose of the current study was to (a) develop a family Caregiver Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire (CDKQ) based on the Symptom Interpretation Model; and (b) establish validity and reliability of the measure. The 19-item CDKQ was developed and administered to 164 family caregivers for community-dwelling older adults. Descriptive statistics were examined for all variables. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, item-to-total correlations, and internal consistency reliability. A three-factor model provided the best fit for the data. The findings support initial validity and reliability of the CDKQ with family caregivers. Although the CDKQ was developed for use with family caregivers, it has potential for use with other caregivers, such as home health aides.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(4):198–207.]
Countering war or embracing peace? Dialogues between regionalism and multilateralism in Latin America (1945-1954)
Authors: Moreli Rocha Alexandre L. , Le Chaffotec Boris
Published: July 2015

Still an open debate, definitions about the beginning of the Cold War were even more ambiguous to actors at the time concerned with development and exit strategies for the Second World War. That was precisely the scenario to several Latin American leaders who, far from the Iron Curtain, were debating the rise of the UN system and of parliamentary diplomacy. Focusing on a multilateral strategy of action for the post-war international order, our work tries to put together the Pan-Latin, Pan-American and UN policies of Latin Americans since the Chapultepec Conference of February 1945 until the 1954 Conferences of Caracas, which fashioned the Organization of American States’ Cold War status, and of Madrid, which failed to consolidate the Latin Union.
Collectivization, participation and dissidence on the transatlantic axis during the Cold War: Cultural Guerrilla for destabilizing the balance of power in the 1960s
Authors: Barreiro López Paula
Published: July 2015

This article analyses the role of collectivization and participation and their configuration under the concept of Cultural Guerrilla that implied a socio-political commitment of artists in the 1960s. It discusses how the Cultural Guerrilla was understood by the artists and how it participated in the destabilization of the social (and political) system and in confronting the imperialist policies of the US. It, firstly, focuses on the development processes of a collective and participative action during that decade and its role for confronting the aesthetic model that was fostered by the US within their Cold War cultural politics. Secondly, the text approaches the exchanges of French-based artists and intellectuals with the revolutionary government of Cuba in 1967 during the organization of the Salón de Mayo in Havana, discussing, thirdly, their impact on the artists’ participation during the events of May’68 in Paris.
Scylla and charybdis 2.0: reconstructing colonial Spanish American territories between metropolitan dream and effective control, historical ambiguities and cybernetic determinism
Authors: Stangl Werner
Published: July 2015

This paper tries to outline the main methodological obstacles that have to be addressed and overcome at reconstructing late colonial Spanish American territories and their development by means of a historical Geographic Information System (HGIS). First we try to show how historians with a broad gamut of research interests could profit from such a territorial HGIS infrastructure for that time and space. In a second step we try to show how certain aspects complicate the task. These include: vernacular concepts of territory (definitions of what actually is a “province”); the quality, focus, and methods of data gathering in contemporary geographic descriptions, cartographies, and other sources; the lack of definition of interior borders; the sometimes contradictory divisions in military, civil, ecclesiastical, and financial districts; as well as the general discrepancy between administrative control and political claims. And as if these aspects were not enough, there are the competing claims on territories of sovereignty in Latin America, which —by applying the uti possidetis juris principle— are largely based on colonial territories. In the last part, we outline the basic concept of a spatial database which tries to respond to the raised issues and furthermore incorporates a chronological axis. The model is illustrated by giving the example of the Puno-region.
Chronic Psoriatic Skin Inflammation Leads to Increased Monocyte Adhesion and Aggregation
Authors: Golden Jackelyn B. , Groft Sarah G. , Squeri Michael V. , Debanne Sara M. , Ward Nicole L. , McCormick Thomas S. , Cooper Kevin D.
Published: July 2015

Psoriasis patients exhibit an increased risk of death by cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have elevated levels of circulating intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes. This elevation could represent evidence of monocyte dysfunction in psoriasis patients at risk for CVD, as increases in circulating CD14++CD16+ monocytes are predictive of myocardial infarction and death. An elevation in the CD14++CD16+ cell population has been previously reported in patients with psoriatic disease, which has been confirmed in the cohort of our human psoriasis patients. CD16 expression was induced in CD14++CD16− classical monocytes following plastic adhesion, which also elicited enhanced β2 but not β1 integrin surface expression, suggesting increased adhesive capacity. Indeed, we found that psoriasis patients have increased monocyte aggregation among circulating PBMCs, which is recapitulated in the KC-Tie2 murine model of psoriasis. Visualization of human monocyte aggregates using imaging cytometry revealed that classical (CD14++CD16−) monocytes are the predominant cell type participating in these aggregate pairs. Many of these pairs also included CD16+ monocytes, which could account for apparent elevations of intermediate monocytes. Additionally, intermediate monocytes and monocyte aggregates were the predominant cell type to adhere to TNF-α– and IL-17A–stimulated dermal endothelium. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis demonstrated that monocyte aggregates have a distinct transcriptional profile from singlet monocytes and monocytes following plastic adhesion, suggesting that circulating monocyte responses to aggregation are not fully accounted for by homotypic adhesion, and that further factors influence their functionality.
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier Alters IFN Response
Authors: Maarifi Ghizlane , Maroui Mohamed Ali , Dutrieux Jacques , Dianoux Laurent , Nisole Sébastien , Chelbi-Alix Mounira K.
Published: July 2015

IFNs orchestrate immune defense through induction of hundreds of genes. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is involved in various cellular functions, but little is known about its role in IFN responses. Prior work identified STAT1 SUMOylation as an important mode of regulation of IFN-γ signaling. In this study, we investigated the roles of SUMO in IFN signaling, gene expression, protein stability, and IFN-induced biological responses. We first show that SUMO overexpression leads to STAT1 SUMOylation and to a decrease in IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, IFNs exert a negative retrocontrol on their own signaling by enhancing STAT1 SUMOylation. Furthermore, we show that expression of each SUMO paralog inhibits IFN-γ–induced transcription without affecting that of IFN-α. Further, we focused on IFN-induced gene products associated to promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and we show that neither IFN-α nor IFN-γ could increase PML and Sp100 protein expression because they enhanced their SUMO3 conjugation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Because it is known that SUMO3 is important for the recruitment of RING finger protein 4, a poly–SUMO-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, and that PML acts as a positive regulator of IFN-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, we went on to show that RING finger protein 4 depletion stabilizes PML and is correlated with a positive regulation of IFN signaling. Importantly, inhibition of IFN signaling by SUMO is associated with a reduction of IFN-induced apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, antiviral defense, and chemotaxis. Conversely, inhibition of SUMOylation results in higher IFN-γ–induced STAT1 phosphorylation and biological responses. Altogether, our results uncover a new role for SUMO in the modulation of IFN response.
Free and open source software licensing primer
Authors:   GeoConnections,   Hickling Arthurs Low Corporation
Published: July 2015

Preamble
This guide is one in a series of Operational Policy documents being developed by GeoConnections. This guide is intended to inform CGDI stakeholders about the nature and scope of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) licensing and the realities, challenges and good practices of related operational
policies.
Sonographic Hair-on-end Sign in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Loberant Norman
Published: July 2015

This report is a case of osteosarcoma in a young female whose initial examination was sonography. This examination demonstrated a femoral tumor and included a unique finding corresponding to the radiographic hair-on-end sign of malignant new bone formation.
Quantum Families of Invertible Maps and Related Problems
Authors: Skalski Adam , Sołtan Piotr
Published: July 2015

The notion of families of quantum invertible maps (C*–algebra homomorphisms satisfying Podleś condition) is employed to strengthen and reinterpret several results concerning universal quantum groups acting on finite quantum spaces. In particular, Wang's quantum automorphism groups are shown to be universal with respect to quantum families of invertible maps. Further, the construction of the Hopf image of Banica and Bichon is phrased in purely analytic language and employed to define the quantum subgroup generated by a family of quantum subgroups or, more generally, a family of quantum invertible maps.
Using SEVIRI fire observations to drive smoke plumes in the CMAQ air quality model: a case study over Antalya in 2008
Authors: Baldassarre G. , Pozzoli L. , Schmidt C. C. , Unal A. , Kindap T. , Menzel W. P. , Whitburn S. , Coheur P.-F. , Kavgaci A. , Kaiser J. W.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Among the atmospheric emission sources, wildfires are episodic events characterized by large spatial and temporal variability. Therefore, accurate information on gaseous and aerosol emissions from fires for specific regions and seasons is critical for air quality forecasts. The Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in geostationary orbit provides fire observations over Africa and the Mediterranean with a temporal resolution of 15 min. It thus resolves the complete fire life cycle and captures the fires' peak intensities, which is not possible in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire emission inventories like the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). We evaluate two different operational fire radiative power (FRP) products derived from SEVIRI, by studying a large forest fire in Antalya, Turkey, in July–August 2008. The EUMETSAT Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) has higher FRP values during the fire episode than the Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA). It is also in better agreement with the co-located, gridded MODIS FRP. Both products miss small fires that frequently occur in the region and are detected by MODIS. Emissions are derived from the FRP products. They are used along-side GFAS emissions in smoke plume simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. In comparisons with MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), CO and NH3 observations show that including the diurnal variability of fire emissions improves the spatial distribution and peak concentrations of the simulated smoke plumes associated with this large fire. They also show a large discrepancy between the currently available operational FRP products, with the LSA SAF being the most appropriate.
Retrieval of sodium number density profiles in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from SCIAMACHY limb emission measurements
Authors: Langowski M. P. , von Savigny C. , Burrows J. P. , Rozanov V. V. , Dunker T. , Hoppe U.-P. , Sinnhuber M. , Aikin A. C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. An algorithm has been developed for the retrieval of sodium atom (Na) number density on a latitude and altitude grid from SCIAMACHY limb measurements of the Na resonance fluorescence. The results are obtained between 50 and 150 km altitude and the resulting global seasonal variations of Na are analysed. The retrieval approach is adapted from that used for the retrieval of magnesium atom (Mg) and magnesium ion (Mg+) number density profiles recently reported by Langowski et al. (2014). Monthly mean values of Na are presented as a function of altitude and latitude. This data set was retrieved from the 4 years of spectroscopic limb data of the SCIAMACHY mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) measurement mode. The Na layer has a nearly constant altitude of 90–93 km for all latitudes and seasons, and has a full width at half maximum of 5–15 km. Small but substantial seasonal variations in Na are identified for latitudes less than 40°, where the maximum Na number densities are 3000–4000 atoms cm−3. At mid to high latitudes a clear seasonal variation with a winter maximum of up to 6000 atoms cm−3 is observed. The high latitudes, which are only measured in the Summer Hemisphere, have lower number densities with peak densities being approximately 1000 Na atoms cm−3. The full width at half maximum of the peak varies strongly at high latitudes and is 5 km near the polar summer mesopause, while it exceeds 10 km at lower latitudes. In summer the Na atom concentration at high latitudes and at altitudes below 88 km is significantly smaller than that at mid latitudes. The results are compared with other observations and models and there is overall a good agreement with these.
Evaluation of near-surface ozone over Europe from the MACC reanalysis
Authors: Katragkou E. , Zanis P. , Tsikerdekis A. , Kapsomenakis J. , Melas D. , Eskes H. , Flemming J. , Huijnen V. , Inness A. , Schultz M. G. , Stein O. , Zerefos C. S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. This work is an extended evaluation of near-surface ozone as part of the global reanalysis of atmospheric composition, produced within the European-funded project MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate). It includes an evaluation over the period 2003–2012 and provides an overall assessment of the modeling system performance with respect to near-surface ozone for specific European subregions. Measurements at rural locations from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) and the European Air Quality Database (AirBase) were used for the evaluation assessment. The fractional gross error of near-surface ozone reanalysis is on average 24 % over Europe, the highest found over Scandinavia (27 %) and the lowest over the Mediterranean marine stations (21 %). Near-surface ozone shows mostly a negative bias in winter and a positive bias during warm months. Assimilation reduces the bias in near-surface ozone in most of the European subregions – with the exception of Britain and Ireland and the Iberian Peninsula and its impact is mostly notable in winter. With respect to the seasonal cycle, the MACC reanalysis reproduces the photochemically driven broad spring-summer maximum of surface ozone of central and south Europe. However, it does not capture adequately the early spring peak and the shape of the seasonality at northern and north-eastern Europe. The diurnal range of surface ozone, which is as an indication of the local photochemical production processes, is reproduced fairly well, with a tendency for a small overestimation during the warm months for most subregions (especially in central and southern Europe). Possible reasons leading to discrepancies between the MACC reanalysis and observations are discussed.
The SPARSE model for the prediction of water stress and evapotranspiration components from thermal infra-red data and its evaluation over irrigated and rainfed wheat
Authors: Boulet G. , Mougenot B. , Lhomme J.-P. , Fanise P. , Lili-Chabaane Z. , Olioso A. , Bahir M. , Rivalland V. , Jarlan L. , Merlin O. , Coudert B. , Er-Raki S. , Lagouarde J.-P.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Evapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle, especially in semi-arid lands. A way to quantify the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration and water stress from remote-sensing data is to exploit the available surface temperature as a signature of the surface energy balance. Remotely sensed energy balance models enable to estimate stress levels and, in turn, the water status of continental surfaces. Dual-source models are particularly useful since they allow deriving a rough estimate of the water stress of the vegetation instead of that of a soil–vegetation composite. They either assume that the soil and the vegetation interact almost independently with the atmosphere (patch approach corresponding to a arallel resistance scheme) or are tightly coupled (layer approach corresponding to a series resistance scheme). The water status of both sources is solved simultaneously from a single surface temperature observation based on a realistic underlying assumption which states that, in most cases, the vegetation is unstressed, and that if the vegetation is stressed, evaporation is negligible. In the latter case, if the vegetation stress is not properly accounted for, the resulting evaporation will decrease to unrealistic levels (negative fluxes) in order to maintain the same total surface temperature. This work assesses the retrieval performances of total and component evapotranspiration as well as surface and plant water stress levels by (1) proposing a new dual-source model named Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration (SPARSE) in two versions (parallel and series resistance networks) based on the TSEB (Norman et al., 1995) model rationale as well as state of the art formulations of turbulent and radiative exchange, (2) challenging the limits of the underlying hypothesis for those two versions through a synthetic retrieval test and (3) testing the water stress retrievals (vegetation water stress and moisture-limited soil evaporation) against in-situ data over contrasted test sites (irrigated and rainfed wheat). We demonstrated with those two datasets that the series model is more robust to component stress retrieval for this cover type, that its performance increases by using bounding relationships based on potential conditions (root mean square error lowered by up to 11 W m-2 from values of the order of 50–80 W m-2), and that soil evaporation retrieval is globally consistent with an independent estimate from observed soil moisture evolution.
Accounting for three sources of uncertainty in ensemble hydrological forecasting
Authors: Thiboult A. , Anctil F. , Boucher M.-A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Seeking for more accuracy and reliability, the hydrometeorological community has developed several tools to decipher the different sources of uncertainty in relevant modeling processes. Among them, the Ensemble Kalman Filter, multimodel approaches and meteorological ensemble forecasting proved to have the capability to improve upon deterministic hydrological forecast. This study aims at untangling the sources of uncertainty by studying the combination of these tools and assessing their contribution to the overall forecast quality. Each of these components is able to capture a certain aspect of the total uncertainty and improve the forecast at different stage in the forecasting process by using different means. Their combination outperforms any of the tool used solely. The EnKF is shown to contribute largely to the ensemble accuracy and dispersion, indicating that the initial condition uncertainty is dominant. However, it fails to maintain the required dispersion throughout the entire forecast horizon and needs to be supported by a multimodel approach to take into account structural uncertainty. Moreover, the multimodel approach contributes to improve the general forecasting performance and prevents from falling into the model selection pitfall since models differ strongly in their ability. Finally, the use of probabilistic meteorological forcing was found to contribute mostly to long lead time reliability. Particular attention needs to be paid to the combination of the tools, especially in the Ensemble Kalman Filter tuning to avoid overlapping in error deciphering.
Role of intertidal wetlands for tidal and storm tide attenuation along a confined estuary: a model study
Authors: Smolders S. , Plancke Y. , Ides S. , Meire P. , Temmerman S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Coastal lowlands and estuaries are subjected to increasing flood risks during storm surges due to global and regional changes. Tidal wetlands are increasingly valued as effective natural buffers for storm surges by dissipating wave energy and providing flood water storage. While previous studies focused on flood wave attenuation within and behind wetlands, this study focuses on the effects of estuarine wetland properties on the attenuation of a storm tide that propagates along the length of an estuary. Wetland properties including elevation, surface area, and location within the estuary were investigated using a numerical model of the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, SW Netherlands). For a spring tide lower wetland elevations result in more attenuation of high water levels along the estuary, while for a higher storm tide higher elevations provide more attenuation compared to lower wetland elevations. For spring and storm tide a larger wetland surface area results in a better attenuation along the estuary up to a threshold wetland size for which larger wetlands do not further contribute to more attenuation. Finally a wetland of the same size and elevation, but located more upstream in the estuary, can store a larger proportion of the local flood volume and therefore has a larger attenuating effect on upstream high water levels. With this paper we aim to contribute towards a better understanding and wider implementation of ecosystem-based adaptation to increasing estuarine flood risks associated with storms.
Tsunami hazard potential for the equatorial southwestern Pacific atolls of Tokelau from scenario-based simulations
Authors: Orpin A. R. , Rickard G. J. , Gerring P. K. , Lamarche G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Devastating tsunami over the last decade have significantly heightened awareness of the potential consequences and vulnerability to tsunami for low-lying Pacific islands and coastal regions. Our tsunami risk assessment for the atolls of the Tokelau Islands was based on a tsunami source–propagation–inundation model using Gerris Flow Solver, adapted from the companion study by Lamarche et al. (2015) for the islands of Wallis and Futuna. We assess whether there is potential for tsunami flooding on any of the village islets from a series of fourteen earthquake-source experiments that apply a combination of well-established fault parameters to represent plausible "high-risk scenarios" for each of the tsunamigenic sources. Earthquake source location and moment magnitude were related to tsunami wave heights and tsunami flood depths simulated for each of the three atolls of Tokelau. This approach was adopted to yield indicative and instructive results for a community advisory, rather than being fully deterministic. Results from our modelling show that wave fields are channelled by the bathymetry of the Pacific basin in such a way that the swathes of the highest waves sweep immediately northeast of the Tokelau Islands. From our series of limited simulations a great earthquake from the Kuril Trench poses the most significant inundation threat to Tokelau, with maximum modelled-wave heights in excess of 1 m, which may last a few hours and include several wave trains. Other sources can impact specific sectors of the atolls, particularly from regional sources to the south, and northern and eastern distant sources that generate trans-Pacific tsunami. In many cases impacts are dependent on the wave orientation and direct exposure to the oncoming tsunami. This study shows that dry areas remain around the villages in nearly all our "worst-case" tsunami simulations of the Tokelau Islands. Consistent with the oral history of little or no perceived tsunami threat, simulations from the recent Tohoku and Chile earthquake sources suggest only limited flooding. Where potential tsunami flooding was inferred from the modelling, recommended minimum evacuation heights above local sea level were compiled, with particular attention paid to variations in tsunami flood depth, subdivided into directional quadrants around each atoll. But complex wave behaviours around the atolls, islets, tidal channels and lagoons were also observed in our simulations. Wave amplitudes within the lagoons may exceed 50 cm, increasing any inundation and risks on the inner shoreline of the atolls, which may influence evacuation strategies. Our study shows that indicative, but instructive, simulation studies can be achieved even with only basic field information, due in part to the relative simplicity of the atoll topography and bathymetry.
Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards
Authors: Sättele M. , Bründl M. , Straub D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWS) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWS is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWS and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWS is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWS. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.
Landfill site suitability assessment by means of geographic information system analysis
Authors: Yazdani M. , Monavari S. M. , Omrani G. A. , Shariat M. , Hosseini S. M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Open dumping is the common procedure for final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Iran. Several environmental pollution and soil degradation problems were found as a consequence of poor planning of landfills. So recognition of the MSW landfill state is required to prevent environmental problems. The objective of this research was to study the suitability of existing municipal landfill sites using geographic information system methods. Tonekabon city in the west area of Mazandaran province, northern Iran, along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, was chosen as a case study. In order to carry out this evaluation, two guidelines were used: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and regional screening guidelines. The results indicate that the landfills were not located in suitable sites and also that there are few suitable locations to install the landfills.
MELANOMA: PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CINCO ANOS EM UM HOSPITAL DE CURITIBA-PR
Authors: Franzon Valéria Aparecida Zanela , Loro Luiara Stefanelo , Pandolfo Gustavo
Published: July 2015

Introdução: O melanoma cutâneo (MC) é a terceira neoplasia mais frequente na pele, entretanto é a de pior prognóstico. Mesmo sendo pouco prevalente, representa uma séria ameaça de saúde pública em virtude de ocasionar altas taxas de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma triagem nos prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com MC durante cinco anos em um serviço especializado em câncer de pele da cidade de Curitiba/PR, a fim de conhecer as características desta neoplasia nessa população. Métodos: Realizou-se uma análise restrospectiva através da verificação de prontuários de pacientes com MC, diagnosticados no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2011, em um serviço especializado em câncer de pele da cidade de Curitiba/PR. Resultados: A amostra consistiu em 23 casos de MC de sítio primário, sendo lentigo maligno (43,4%), extensivo superficial (26%), nodular (17,6%) e não especificado (13%). Dentre estes 3 com Breslow ≥4mm,  todos em pacientes do sexo masculino.  Em contrapartida, em 43,4% dos pacientes não foi possível aplicar o índice de Breslow, em virtude do lentigo maligno melanoma caracterizar-se por ser in situ. Identificou-se homens com diagnóstico mais tardio em relação às mulheres, já que 80% deles possuíam um Breslow >1mm. Conclusão: Sugere-se maior divulgação dos cuidados com a exposição solar e melhor formação para que o médico clínico geral seja um identificador de MC o mais precocemente possível, podendo, assim, encaminhar o paciente para uma abordagem com maior possibilidade de cura.
DO EDITOR
Authors: Carvalho Maurício
Published: July 2015

Em tempos difíceis costuma-se dizer que a adversidade traz consigo oportunidades. Entretanto, como avançar em tempos de crise? Talvez a resposta mais simples seja: inovar de forma genuína. E, particularmente, dentro da Universidade, promover a fina interação do binômio docência/pesquisa com o aluno. Almejar a autonomia intelectual e moral como finalidade da educação contemporânea1.            Com o pensamento exposto acima, é muito oportuno nesta edição da RMU o editorial “DANC: Passado, Presente e Futuro”. O resgate científico e cultural do Diretório Acadêmico Nilo Cairo (DANC) foi um compromisso assumido pela atual gestão. A RMU abre suas páginas para todas as iniciativas de pesquisa e extensão deste importante órgão representativo dos alunos da UFPR.            Entre os vários artigos desta edição, destaco o estudo sobre depressão e ansiedade no pré-operatório e a utilidade da vancocinemia em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.Outro destaque desta edição refere-se ao Journal Club, com realce para as possibilidades terapêuticas na hepatite alcoólica. E o exercício diagnóstico do Quiz, com um caso clínico desafiador para os melhores internistas.Bom proveito,
DOENÇA DE WHIPPLE - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Carneiro Danielle , Tavares Alexandre Grein , De Bem Ricardo S. , Borges Mariana De Oliveira , Martin Beatris Mario , Peretti Murilo Calvo , Savio Mariane , Monarim Sueny , Costa Ana Flávia Cardoso Buarque , Ioshii Sérgio Ossamu
Published: July 2015

A Doença de Whipple cursa com diarreia crônica e perda ponderal, devendo ser considerada dentre os diagnósticos diferenciais durante a investigação dessas queixas. O diagnóstico permite tratamento específico desta doença potencialmente curável, reduzindo sua alta morbimortalidade. Neste relato de caso, descreveremos um caso clínico com sintomas inespecíficos, porém típicos da Doença de Whipple, cujo diagnóstico só foi possível por meio do exame anátomo-patológico de amostra obtida por Endoscopia Digestiva Alta, durante investigação de síndrome consuptiva.
PACIENTE DE 67 ANOS COM LESÃO EXPANSIVA EM SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL
Authors: Oliveira Livia Pinheiro , Fontana Rafael Mialski , Queiroz Telles Filho Flávio , Queiroz Telles José Ederaldo , Schiavon Leticia R
Published: July 2015

Paciente masculino, 67 anos, previamente sem comorbidades, com história de cefaleia frontal há 1 ano e ptose palpebral direita associada à diminuição da acuidade visual há 4 meses. Nega febre e perda de peso. RNM de crânio (IMAGEM 1) com lesão expansiva (4x2x2cm) extra-axial com base de implantação dural na grande asa do esfenoide à direita. Realizado microcirurgia em outro serviço para tumor cerebral, onde foi verificada invasão do seio cavernoso e órbita direita, englobando artéria carótida com efeito de massa. Realizada ressecção parcial da lesão. Lâmina da biopsia na IMAGEM 2. Qual é o Diagnóstico?
RELIGIOSIDADE CLÁSSICA, ESPIRITUALIDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA: DISCUSSÕES PSICOLÓGICAS
Authors: Paiva Geraldo José de
Published: July 2015

Definem-se os conceitos de religiosidade, espiritualidade e qualidade de vida e discutem-se algumas relações entre qualidade de vida e, de um lado, religiosidade e, de outro, espiritualidade. As referências psicológicas utilizadas nessa discussão incluem emoção, corporalidade, identidade, pertença grupal e fatores de personalidade. Na comparação, lastreada em estudos experimentais da literatura psicológica, religiosidade e espiritualidade revelam modalidades ou gradações diferentes nessas variáveis psicológicas, dependentes da cultura e da faixa etária dos sujeitos e da maneira como lhes são propostos os quesitos no instrumento. Apontam-se as contribuições que religiosidade e espiritualidade podem oferecer para a qualidade de vida.
PSICOLOGIA E RELIGIÃO: INTELECTUAIS CRISTÃOS ESCREVEM SOBRE FÉ E CIÊNCIA
Authors: Souza Edilson Soares de
Published: July 2015

Psicologia e religião despertam o interesse dos diversos segmentos constituintes da sociedade brasileira. A relação entre psicologia e religião é estudada nas mais diversas esferas da religião, como também é objeto de estudo nos meios acadêmicos, que buscam compreender empiricamente as implicações desta relação, algumas vezes tensa, mas também harmoniosa. A proposta do presente texto é apresentar uma reflexão sobre a relação entre psicologia e religião, tomando como fonte de análise as contribuições de dois escritores cristãos. De um lado está o reverendo Eduardo Carlos Pereira (1855-1923), que deixou o catolicismo romano para filiar-se ao presbiterianismo brasileiro. Do outro está o padre jesuíta Leonel Franca (1893-1948), que se destacou como reitor da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Os debates entre os dois escritores cristãos ocorreram no contexto de um Estado não confessional, entre o final do século XIX e parte do século XX.
Expediente
Authors: Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo da
Published: July 2015

Expediente
O Crescimento Econômico nas Áreas de Fronteira do estado do Paraná
Authors: Michelon Marcia Terezinha , Piffer Moacir
Published: July 2015

O desenvolvimento de uma região está diretamente interligado com o crescimento econômico e as movimentações de pessoas e de capitais. O Estado do Paraná nos limites e áreas de fronteira com São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Argentina e Paraguai, assim como com o porto de Paranaguá com a maior fronteira do Paraná com o resto do mundo. Tendo como proposta as mesorregiões do estado paranaense, fazendo limites com outras regiões, países e estados do Brasil. Desta forma definem o objeto a ser estudado, pois, desde a sua ocupação no século XVI até os dias atuais, passou e passa por grandes transformações na localização populacional bem como na sua matriz produtiva. Sendo que este saiu de uma situação basicamente agrícola para um Estado industrializado e de serviços com gradativo crescimento econômico. Neste sentido a finalidade deste trabalho é de analisar as mudanças ocupacionais e de capital através da inserção dos três setores, agropecuário, industrial e comercial/serviços, na fronteira do estado do Paraná. Tendo como metodologia para estudar o crescimento das mesorregiões os dados secundários, colhidos nas fontes do IPEADATA e RAIS, facilitando, deste modo, as respostas das mesmas, que teve melhor crescimento na periferia do estado, ou região de fronteira. Sendo que a que mais se destacou foi a de Curitiba que possui a maior fronteira do Estado, a fronteira com o resto do mundo, através do Porto de Paranaguá.