bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss methodischer Varianten auf die Standardkurve bei Vitamin B12-Bestimmungen mit Lactobacillus leichmannii
Authors: Oberzill W. , Geisler Ch.
Published: October 2008

Methodological parameters of the microbiological assay of vitamin B12 with Lb. leichmannii have been investigated. These involved chiefly temperature of incubation of bacteria and length of the incubation period. Both parameters affect standard curves very strongly and thus influence the reproducibility of results.
Dissoziationsbedingte serologische Kreuzreaktionen bei Schweine-Enterotoxämie-Kolitypen
Authors: Bertschinger H.U.
Published: October 2008

Strains of E. coli involved in pig enterotoxemia were demonstrated to undergo a particular type of dissociation. Dissociated colonies were distinguished from the original colony forms by an illumination procedure as described by Henry. Dissociated cultures possessed an antigen, which, when injected into rabbits, provoked high serum agglutination titers. The heat stability of antigen X was similar to the K antigen. The presence of X antibodies in diagnostic ‘OK’ sera and of antigen X in strains of several serotypes interfered with the identification of the K antigen in these cultures. Dissociation did not affect the O, B and L antigens. Whereas cultures from freshly isolated strains of E. coli did not contain X+ colonies, a high percentage of strains having the K antigen 88 (L) were found to be dissociated following in vitro maintenance. It is suggested that colony morphology could be used to recognize cultures with X antigen and so help to eliminate difficulties in serological typing.
Knochenläsionen und Metastasierungsmuster in einem experimentellen Plasmozytom der BALB/C-Maus (HIPA-Tumor)
Authors: Büsser E. , Pedio G. , Rüttner J.R.
Published: October 2008

The distribution of the metastases of an experimentally produced plasmocytoma (HIPA-tumor) was determined after intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal inoculation of a defined number of ascites tumor cells into isologous mice. After a latent period of about 17 days following intravenous inoculation osteolytic and osteoplastic metastases were common. These lesions were verified roentgenographically, histologically, and by maceration of gross specimens of bone. Bone metastases were rare after subcutaneous inoculation of neoplastic cells. Pulmonary metastases were equally common after intravenous or subcutaneous inoculation. Intraperitoneal inoculation did not produce extraperitoneal metastases. Incidence and morphological appearance of bone metastases agreed with those of other known experimental plasmocytomas. In contrast to the latter, HIPA-tumor did not give rise to splenic or hepatic metastases. The special position of the HIPA-tumor among murine plasmocytomas was discussed.
Novel System for Degeneration of Blood Vessels by UV Irradiation and Subsequent Regeneration Using Chick Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Usui Fumitake , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Ono Tamao , Kagami Hiroshi
Published: October 2008

Recently, many results have been reported regarding the pluripotency of bone marrow cells (BMCs) with the aim of benefiting regenerative medicine for humans. Particularly, vessel formation by hematopoietic stem cells or vascular endothelial stem cells which were derived from bone marrow has received considerable interest, since the mechanism of vessel formation has been found to be involved in neoangiogenesis of serious diseases such as cancer. Most work on neoangiogenesis and regeneration has involved mammalian experimental systems, however the avian model is useful since the process of neoangiogenesis and regeneration of vessels can be observed with the whole embryo culture system. We have established a novel system using early chick embryos, where a portion of blood vessels are degenerated by UV irradiation, and vessel regeneration is then studied. Incubated embryos were partially covered with aluminum foil, from the embryonic body to the dorsal marginal vein, and irradiated with UV for 1 min. Donor BMCs were obtained from the femurs and tibias of chicks aged 10 days, fluorescently labeled with PKH26 and injected into the anterior vitelline vein of the recipients. In BMC-treated embryos the donor BMCs were observed around the UV-degenerated vessels, and regeneration of blood vessels occurred, in contrast to the untreated embryos. These results indicate that avian BMCs have the ability to participate in vessel regeneration, and the avian model used here may be a useful tool for studies of vessel neoangiogenesis and repair.
Effects of Cortisol on Immune Cytolysis
Authors: Tolone G. , Bonasera L. , Bellavia A. , Ferina F.
Published: October 2008

High concentrations of cortisol effectivelyabolish the lysis of sheep red cells induced by cytotoxic antibody and complement in vitro. This effect lies in the ability of the steroid molecules to pack closely among the aliphalic chains of the phospholipid monolayers present in cell membranes, thereby preventing the net uptake of ions by damaged cells and the consequent water influx causing enlargement of the complement holes and escape of hemoglobin.
Imipramine and Congenital Abnormalities
Authors: Gilani S.H.
Published: October 2008

The present study was performed to evaluate the teratogenic effects of imipramine HCl on the chick embryogenesis. Imipramine was injected into the chick eggs with doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.16 mg per embryo at the 2nd and 3rd day of incubation (groups A and B). All the embryos treated as well as controls, were studied on the 7th day of incubation. The percent survival in the experimental embryos ranged from 85 to 10. The LD50 for the embryos treated on the 2nd and 3rd day (groups A and B) was 0.07 and 0.10 mg per embryo, respectively. In all, 840 eggs were utilized for this investigation. Macroscopic observations on the experimental embryos (groups A and B) revealed micromelia, shortened beak, short and twisted neck, exencephaly, eventration and reduced body size. Most of the embryos of group A showed unilateral and bilateral microphthalmia. The microphthalmia ranged from moderate to severe. The results of this study indicate that imipramine has toxic effects on the developing chick embryos.
Viral Hepatitis in Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Infected Mice
Authors: Harb J.M. , Hiramoto Y. , Burch G.E.
Published: October 2008

Livers of newborn and 8-day-old mice infectedwith encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus were examined histologically and electron microscopically. Marked stasis of the portal veins and increased number of red blood cells within hepatic sinusoids were found histologically. Moderate to severe intracellular damage in focal hepatocytes and Kupfïer cells as well as EMC viral crystals were observed electron microscopically. Also important were the findings of Councilman-like bodies and invasion of degenerative cells by blood phagocytes. Thus, an early inflammatory response was noted, which we consider a direct effect of the viral infection itself.
Intracisternal Branching Tubular Structures (So-Called Myxo-Virus-Like Inclusions) in Endothelial Cells of Kidney
Authors: Schürch W. , Fukuda T.
Published: October 2008

In a case of discrete focal and segmental glomerulonephritis, branching tubular structures were observed within dilatated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of endothelial cells from glomerular and peritubular capillaries. These structures were previously described in a variety of nephropathies, especially in lupus nephritis, in several neoplasms, and in a number of viral infections. Some authors considered them as viral or virus-like and others as nonviral in nature. The present observation indicates that the tubules originate from the ER as invaginations, and that they represent proliferated ER membranes rather than viral particles.
Morphologie der Plazenta und neonatale Acidose bei mütterlichem Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Emmrich P. , Amendt P. , Gödel E.
Published: October 2008

Comparing the morphological findings of the placentas of acidotically born babies of diabetic mothers with non-acidotically born ones, we could find an extensive correlation of macroscopically detectable changes of the placentas (diminution of placental weight, insertio velamentosa of umbilical cord, aplasia of one umbilical artery) and histological findings (severity of diabetic maturation disturbances, size of villi) with the degree of the neonatal acidosis. With the severity of acidosis, the oedematosis of the placentas increases, too. When diabetic pregnancy is complicated by the EPH gestosis, a stronger fibrosis of the chorionic villi results. The oedematosis of the stroma recedes. The oedema of the placenta is in most cases correlated with the clinical appearance of the diabetic fetopathy (cushingoid newborn). According to our findings in cases complicated by the EPH gestosis, the oedematosis of the placenta and to a minor extent the cushingoid of the newborn are to be found more seldom.
Acute Ultrastructural Alterations in Irradiated Proliferative Chondrocytes of Rat Growth Cartilage
Authors: Klein-Szanto A.J.P. , Cabrini R.L.
Published: October 2008

Ultrastructural changes in proliferative chondrocytes of rats exposed to 7 krads of were studied X-rays 2, 4, 8, and 10 days after irradiation. The lesion is characterized by disorganization of the epiphyseal plate with marked involutive changes of the cells. Two days after irradiation, there is a slight dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum. As from the fourth post irradiation day on, a marked saccular and lacunar dilation of these structures could be seen. Vacuolar structures related with the Golgi complex and lipid droplets could be noted 4, 8, and 10 days after irradiation. Lysosomes, which normally are not seen in proliferative chondrocytes, were also noted during this study. Cytoplasmic fragmentation and an increasing number of calcifying globules could be observed in the 8- and 10-day groups. Nuclear fragmentation, lobulation, and the presence of binucleated viable cells were other signs of cell division alteration produced by radiation. The decrease of proteoglycan granules and collagen fibrils in association with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi changes points to a probable damage of the synthetic and secretory activities of chondrocytes.
Present Status of the Medical Importance of Mycoplasmas
Authors: Freundt E.A.
Published: October 2008

According to their tissue affinities and pathogenicity, the mycoplasmas may be placed into three maingroups: (1) those associated with respiratory tract infections; (2) those involved in infections of the urogenital tract; and (3) mycoplasmas showing a particular affinity for joint tissues.On the basis of this grouping, presently available data relating several Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species with diseases of man and animals are critically reviewed. The importance of comparative studies in the field of mycoplasmal pathology is emphasized.
Die Rolle mikrobieller Zahnbeläge in der Ätiologie von Zahnkaries und parodontalen Erkrankungen
Authors: Guggenheim B.
Published: October 2008

In a review certain aspects of the following subjects were covered: Microorganisms in the oral cavity, nature and development of dental plaque, the effect of dental plaque on caries and periodontal disease. In the last-mentioned section a number of unpublished results were incorporated.
Zur licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Morphologie der lymphozytären Tumorzellvernichtung in vitro
Authors: Schönfelder M. , Wildführ W. , Gläser A.
Published: October 2008

The interaction of lymphoid cells with anautochthonous malignant granulosa cell tumor was studied by means of phase contrast and electron microscopy. It was shown that an intimate contact was established between lymphoid cells and tumor cells leading to partial confluence of cytoplasmatic structures. This process ledto the destruction of tumor cells, but also to that of lymphoid cells.
A Modified Assay for the Waaler-Rose Test Using Latex Particles Coated with Rabbit γ -Globulins
Authors: Marcolongo R. , Saletti M.
Published: October 2008

A simplified method is described for the Waaler-Rose reaction, comparing the results obtained with this technique to those found with the standard procedure. The test, which is prepared on a principle identical to that of the Waaler-Rose reaction using latex particles coated with rabbit γ -globulins, has shown a specificity greater than that obtained with the latter reaction; moreover, some other interestingadvantages are an easier and more rapid execution of this technique than the standard Waaler-Rose and a better reproducibility and comparability of results obtained in the various laboratories.
Untersuchungen zur Beseitigung von Inhibitoren und Heteroagglutininen bei der Durchführung des HAH-Testes mit Parainfluenzaviren
Authors: Herrmann R. , Döhner L.
Published: October 2008

A hemagglutination inhibition test is described in which the removal of nonspecific inhibitors and heteroagglutinins is affected by a combined treatment of sera with heparin-MnCl2 and stabilized erythrocytes of guinea pigs. The usefulness of the test is proved.
Evaluation of the Redesigned Enterotube and its Interpretation Systems
Authors: Wüst J. , Kayser F.H.
Published: October 2008

The redesigned Enterotube and its identification systems were evaluated in parallel with conventional testing with 406 bacterial strains, 391 of them Enterobacteriaceae. When the results of individual tests in the Enterotube and conventional media were compared after 20 h incubation, most reactions showed an agreement of more than 98%, with the exception of lysine decarboxylase (95%), dulcitol (94%) and Simmon’s citrate (92 %). When the flow diagram and the reaction chart offered by the manufacturer were used together for identification, about 92 % of the strains were correctly identified (but only 84 % by the flow diagram alone), whereas the identification by the numerical coding system had an accuracy of 93%. A prolonged incubation of 44 h resulted only in minor changes of these figures.
Some Properties of the Liver-Specific Delta Autoantigen of the Rat
Authors: Brand S.
Published: October 2008

When BN rats were immunized with aqueous liver extracts from Lewis rats, a true autoantibody was induced which reacted with liver extracts from all rat strains tested. Some physicochemical and immunological properties of this soluble, liver specific antigen, called delta, in rat strains BN, Lewis and DA were studied. Ion exchange chromatography revealed several molecular species with delta activity in each rat strain.
Ultrastructural Changes during Cardiogenesis in Lead Poisoning
Authors: Gilani S.H.
Published: October 2008

In order to study the ultrastructural changes during cardiogenesis, the chick embryos from White Leghorn strain were administered with 0.015 mg per egg of lead acetate at day 2 of incubation. The observations were made on the developing endocardial cushion tissue of the heart at day 5.5 [stage 27 of Hamburger-Hamilton, 1951]. Among the abnormalities observed in the fine structure of endocardial cushion tissue were swollen mitochondria, mitochondria with abnormal cristae and matrix, and disrupted nuclear membrane. A large number of deformed mitochondria were observed to be concentrated in certain areas. The mitochondria appeared to be the organelle most often affected. The ultrastructure of the endocardial cushion tissue from controls was normal. The present study has demonstrated that ultrastructural changes can be induced in the endocardial cushion tissue of the developing heart in lead poisoning.
Value of Routine Electron Microscopy in the Differential Diagnosis of the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Ben-Bassat Mina , Stark H. , Robson M. , Rosenfeld J.
Published: October 2008

Routine electron microscopic examination of renal biopsies was performed in 37 nephrotic patients with primary glomerular lesions. These cases were classified according to the following pathological patterns: lipoid nephrosis (‘minimal change’, 17 cases), membranous nephropathy (12 cases), focal glomerular sclerosis (1 case), proliferative glomerulonephritis (5 cases), chronic glomerulonephritis (1 case), and ‘unclassified glomerulonephritis’ (1 case). 23 of the presented cases had been diagnosed as lipoid nephrosis by light microscopy. The electron microscopic study confirmed this diagnosis in only 17 cases, demonstrating an early stage of membranous nephropathy in four cases, focal glomerular sclerosis in one case and ‘unclassified glomerulonephritis’ in one case. Brief clinical data of the patients are presented and related to the morphologic findings. The various glomerular lesions causing a nephrotic syndrome in which electron microscopy may aid in attaining a correct diagnosis are summarized and the therapeutic and prognostic importance of accurate diagnosis is stressed.
Isolation of Mast Cell Degranulators from the Celomatic Fluid of Parascaris equorum
Authors: Tolone G. , Bonasera L. , Brai M. , Ferina F. , Pontieri G.M.
Published: October 2008

Two mast cell degranulating factors, which closely resemble proteins in their chemical-physical behavior, were isolated from the celomatic fluid of Parascaris equorum und highly purified by combinations of salting out, ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectrofocusing. Both factors proved to be positively charged molecules of molecular weight close to 3-4 × 104 which, in terms of molar concentration, were as efficient as compound 48/80 in selective induction of histamine release.
Vermehrung von Mengovirus in Suspensionskulturen von Ehrlich-Aszites-Karzinom-Zellen
Authors: Tonew Marion , Meinel Senta
Published: October 2008

Mengo virus was cultivated in vitro in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell suspensions. After infection with well-adapted viruses (50 passages), using a MOI of 20 TCD50/ cell, the replication cycle showed the following course: slow begin of virus multiplication and virus-induced RNA synthesis on the 4th h, the maximum of virus yield (titre of infectious virus) was obtained on the 12th h after washing out the unadsorbed viruses; the maximum of viral RNA synthesis was determined between the 7th and 8th h (measured as incorporation of 3H-uridine into acid-insoluble material of infected and actinomycin D-treated cultures), and the decrease lasted up to 12 h. The increase of cell-free viruses within the medium began on the 8th h and showed the highest value on the 14th h. Mengo virus grown in EAC cells exhibited demonstrable haemagglutinin titres.
Pathology of Carcinoma of the Hard Palate
Authors: Reddy C.R.R.M. , Rajakumari K. , Kameswari Rajani
Published: October 2008

In a consecutive study of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas in Visakhapatnam, India, 356 carcinomas of the hard palate were observed; 327 of the palatal carcinomas occurred in reverse smokers of chuttas (cigars). Out of these 327 cases 233 were found in females. The relationship between reverse smoking of chuttas and carcinoma of the hard palate is discussed.
Reaktionen von Wirtszellen auf eine Virusinfektion
Authors: Bienz K.
Published: October 2008

After summarizing the events leading to Enterovirus replication and blockage of the host cell metabolism, some possible cytopathic effect (CPE) inducing mechanisms are discussed, like: blockage of the DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, blockage of host cell protein synthesis and intracellular lysosomal enzyme redistribution. The latter event is often considered to be the cell destroying factor, but neither the lysosome labilising-agent nor the action of free enzymes on the cell structure is known in detail. Mitotic cells show virus replication but no CPE or lysosomal enzyme redistribution. The reasons for the resistance of the mitotic cells to CPE might be found in: a) the missing nuclear integrity, b) the altered intracellular transport due to other arrangement of ER and/or microtubules, and c) a changed membrane configuration or composition which may stabilize the structure of the cell. It is concluded that the polioinfected mitotic cell might be usefull in elucidating some aspects of virusinduced CPE and that the stage of the host cell in its growth cycle should be determined accurately in experiments dealing with cell reactions on virus infection.
Stellung und Bedeutung der Mykosen unter den menschlichen Infektionskrankheiten
Authors: Scholer H.J.
Published: October 2008

When considering the indigenous deep-seated mycoses, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and mucormycosis, as being ‘modern’, one should keep in mind that most of them were fully described a 100 and more years ago, just before bacterial (and subsequently, viral) infections were discovered. At that time the mycoses, being less frequent and by far less important, fell almost entirely into oblivion. In the course of the last 2 or 3 decades, they regained interest since many bacterial and even viral diseases were brought under control and there was a real increase in incidences owing to modern, mostly iatrogenic predispositions such as leukemia treated with cytostatics, immunosuppression, prolonged survival of severely burned patients, use of indwelling intravascular catheters, open-heart surgery and chemotherapy with antibacterial antibiotics. Nowadays, most of the mycoses in question are in fact secondary in nature but the same is true for an increasing number of bacterial and viral diseases, whereas the proportion of the ‘classical’, primary infectious diseases has become comparatively small in developed countries. The diagnosis of deep-seated mycosis must often be considered as an alternative to that of bacterial or viral disease, and therefore, medical mycology should be integrated into the routine of the institutes of medical microbiology.
A New Tissue-Culture System for Clinical Virology
Authors: Rossier E. , Bourgaux-Ramoisy Danielle
Published: October 2008

A new, miniature tissue-culture system is described. It consists of an optically clear, non-toxic plastic multichambered container, mounted on a microscope slide. The completely separate chambers allow testing and control cultures to be maintained, using several cell strains. Direct observation with an inverted microscope is readily and accurately made. By removing the chambers from the slide, a permanent record can be made after staining, or immunofluorescent studies can be undertaken. Savings of space, manipulation and medium render this system particularly suitable for clinical virology.
Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Lead Poisoning
Authors: Gilani S.H.
Published: October 2008

Microscopic studies of the 8-day-old chick embryos which had been administered with lead acetate on the 2nd day of incubation revealed the presence of cardiac lesions. Aortic stenosis, valvular defect and thin ventricular wall were the principal findings. The incidence of these cardiac abnormalities rose with the increasing dosages of lead. The presence of these cardiac anomalies was interpreted as sign of intereference at the sensitive stage of cardiac morphogenesis.
Untersuchung der Kininasen des onkolytisch wirksamen Clostridium-Stammes M55ATCC13732 mittels Chelatbildner
Authors: Brantner H. , Fischer G.
Published: October 2008

The production of kinin-reducing exo-enzymes by the oncolytic Clostridium strain M 55 ATCC 13732 is reported. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were determined as presumable central atoms by means of chelate-forming agents. After dialysis and precipitation of the culture medium the kininase activity was also found in the proteinase fraction.
Enzymatic and Toxinogenic Activity of Culture Filtrates of High and Low Virulent Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Mice
Authors: Muszyński Z.
Published: October 2008

A relationship between proteinase activity of culture filtrates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and their virulence on mice was shown. High virulence strains displayed a much higher enzyme activity than low virulence strains. These results are supported by statistical analysis. The determinating of proteinase activity on the 4th day of culture may be used as a criterion for virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
Fungistatic Activity, Uptake and Incorporation of 5-Fluorocytosine in Candida albicans, as Influenced by Pyrimidines and Purines. I. Reversal Experiments
Authors: Polak Annemarie , Scholer H.J.
Published: October 2008

The fungistatic activity of fluorinated pyrimidines, particularly 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), and the reversal power of bases and nucleosides of the pyrimidines and purine classes were studied, chiefly in Candida albicans. 5-FC was the most potent antifungal agent, followed by 5-fluorouridine. Cytosine, uridine and adenine were the strongest antagonists of 5-FC activity. A direct correlation, independent of the chemical nature of the antagonists, was found between radiolabelled 5-FC taken up in the yeast cells and inhibition of growth. Except for the anatagonistic effect of some purines, particularly adenine, both antifungal and reversal patterns were compatible with the suggested pathway and mechanism of action of 5-FC (formation of 5-fluorouridylic acid after intracellular deamination of the drug to 5-fluorouracil).
Diseases of the Alimentary Tract and Western Diets
Authors: Burkitt D.P.
Published: October 2008

Many diseases of the alimentary tract are characteristic of modern western civilization and are believed to be related to the refining of carbohydrate foods. These include diverticular disease of the colon, appendicitis, benign and malignant tumours of the large bowel, gall stones, hiatus hernia and haemorrhoids, for all of which there is good circumstantial evidence suggesting that they are due in part to a fibre-depleted diet. The faecal arrest, with resultant small firm stools, which is associated with such a diet, is claimed to be a fundamental cause of these diseases. Other diseases such as dental caries and peptic ulcer may be due to different aspects of refining carbohydrate foods.
Oral Tumours in Kenya
Authors: Cameron H.M.
Published: October 2008

514 tumours and tumour-like lesions of the oral cavity are reviewed. This represents 7.6 % of all malignancies. The most frequent were salivary gland tumours (197), followed by epidermoid carcinomas (118), Burkitt’s lymphoma (102), and odontogenic tumours and cysts (46). Comparison with tumour other series is unreliable, because of widely differing conditions and facilities, but it seems likely that many apparent differences may disappear as medical facilities in Africa improve. Within Kenya, there is an excess of oral epidermoid carcinoma in the Coastal peoples, and this may be related to the common practice of chewing mixtures such as tambuu.
Dental Changes in Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Authors: Adatia A.K.
Published: October 2008

Some of the features of dental changes which aid in the early diagnosis of Burkitt’s lymphoma have been described and discussed together with the pre- and post-therapeutic histological changes. It is suggested, that the high incidence of jaw involvement may be due to the fact that the presence of mature and embryonic dental tissues impart to jaws a different humoral and cellular composition per unit volume than normally found in other bones. A plea has been made for a concerted international effort to elucidate the problem of the high incidence of jaw involvement in Burkitt’s lymphoma. A few lines of investigation have been suggested.
Geographical Aspects of Oral Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia
Authors: Prætorius-Clausen F.
Published: October 2008

During the last 10 years an increasing number of cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia have been published from different parts of the world. We are not yet able to map out satisfactorily the geographic occurrence of the disease, but it is already evident that focal epithelial hyperplasia is more common among Eskimos and American Indians than in most other population groups. Only single cases have been described among Caucasians in America, Europe and the Middle East, among Negroes in Africa and among aborigines in Australia and Polynesia. No cases have been published so far occurring in the Far East.
Cancer in situ et micro-invasf de la cavité buccale
Authors: Brocheriou C. , Chomette G. , Cernea P. , Auriol M. , Helenon R.
Published: October 2008

During a period of 5 years, a total of 685 invasive and 30 in situ and micro-invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa were examined at the Stomatology Institute of Salpétrière in Paris. Statistically, the predispossing factors (tobacco, ethylism) and precancerous lesions (leukoplakia, lichen) were the same for the two forms. A higher incidence of in situ lesions was noted in men. The carcinoma in situ preferentially affected the soft palate while the invasive lesions more often involved the tongue. Additional features characterizing the in situ lesions were: relative rarity of transformation into invasive cancers; occurrence at the same age as for invasive lesions; frequency of multicentric lesions within the mouth and association with other upper respiratory and digestive neoplasms (6 out of 30 cases).
The Geographical Incidence of Lactase Deficiency
Authors: Neale G.
Published: October 2008

Most adults of milk-drinking peoples can absorb lactose whereas those from ethnic groups without a tradition of milking cannot. This is related to the persistence or absence of lactase activity in the brush border of the enterocyte and appears to be determined genetically. As yet there is no conelusive evidence that major alterations of human lactase activity can be induced by dietary manipulation. In most studies of lactase-deficient peoples occasional adults are reported as able to absorb lactose. Studies of such individuals may help to determine factors controlling the production of brush border lactase.
Measurement of Cell Production Rate in the Human Small Bowel
Authors: Wright N.A. , Morley A.R. , Appleton D.R. , Marks J.M. , Douglas A.P. , Watson A.J.
Published: October 2008

The assumption that an elevated mitotic index occurs in the small bowel mucosa of coeliac disease was checked by an in vivo method using metaphase arrest with vincristine. No change in mitotic duration was found in control and flat coeliac mucosae, but in two cases of flat mucosa the cell cycle time was halved. The results confirm an augmented crypt cell production rate in flat mucosa.
Ultrastructural Changes in the Heart at High Altitude
Authors: Kearney M.S.
Published: October 2008

Cytomorphometric studies of the myocardium of rabbits and guinea pigs from high altitude and sea level have shown no quantitative differences in the myocardial mitochondria of the two groups.
The Histological Features and Physical Characteristics of the Pulmonary Trunk at High Altitude
Authors: Heath D.
Published: October 2008

The chronic hypoxia of high altitude leads to pronounced changes in the pulmonary trunk so that it resembles the aorta. It undergoes hypertrophy and its histological elastic tissue pattern resembles that of the fetus. It has a higher elastin content than the pulmonary trunk at sea level and this reduces its extensibility. Experiments on Wistar rats show that under these conditions hypertrophy of the pulmonary trunk is accompanied by simultaneous right ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement of the carotid bodies. When the stimulus of hypoxia is removed, all three changes regress together.
The Small Pulmonary Arteries in Rats at Simulated High Altitude
Authors: Kay J.M. , Smith P.
Published: October 2008

In two experiments to study the effects of chronic hypoxia on the pulmonary vasculature, female weanling rats and male adult rats were kept in a hypobaric chamber for 5 weeks at a pressure of 380 mm Hg. In the first experiment, the female weanling rats developed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and an increase in thickness of the smaller pulmonary arteries and arterioles. In the second experiment the male adult rats showed right ventricular hypertrophy and an increase in thickness of the pulmonary trunk, but lacked changes in the pulmonary arteries or arterioles. In both experiments the observed changes reversed after recovery for 5 weeks at normal atmospheric pressure. These experiments demonstrate that chronic hypoxia rapidly produces a reversible pulmonary hypertension which does not necessarily involve structural alterations in the pulmonary vasculature, and suggest that pulmonary vasoreactivity may be influenced by sex and age.
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vascular Lesions in Man at High Altitude and in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Wagenvoort C.A. , Wagenvoort N.
Published: October 2008

Lung tissue of individuals having lived at altitudes from 1,600 to over 4,000 meters, was studied and compared to that of individuals from sea level and of patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.The mean thickness of the media of pulmonary arteries in sea level individuals is rarely over 7 percent of the diameter. At higher altitudes there is an increasing number of cases with medial hypertrophy, although even at altitudes over 3,000 meters, most individuals had an average media within normal limits. This suggests an individual hyperreactivity to hypoxia. In six of ten patients with chronic bronchitis there was medial hypertrophy. Intimal changes in cases of chronic hypoxia were generally confined to the development of longitudinal muscle fibres in small arteries.
On the Pathology of Chronic Mountain Sickness
Authors: Arias-Stella J. , Krüger H. , Recavarren S.
Published: October 2008

In this report we described the findings in a case of Chronic Mountain Sickness, autopsied at Cerro de Pasco (4,300 feet) and compared with the limited pathologic observations reported by others. It is aparent that in fatal cases of Chronic Mountain Sickness the main changes are located at the level of the pulmonary circulation and are of the type that lead to Chronic Cor Pulmonale. So far histologic studies have been reported only in cases of secondary Chronic Mountain Sickness. The basic pathology in Primary Chronic Mountain Sickness or Monge’s disease remain to be defined.
Normal Structure, Ultrastructure and Enzyme Content of Glomic Cells
Authors: Becker A.E.
Published: October 2008

An outline is provided of the structural features of the carotid body, with special emphasis on the functional implications. Light microscopical, histochemical and electron-microscopical studies have provided evidence to suggest that the type II cell or sustentacular cell is a special type of glial cell. The type I or chief cell is commonly considered to be the true ‘chemoreceptor’-cell. However, much remains hypothetical, like its mode of reception, the way action-potentials are elicited in afferent nerve-fibres, the interaction with sympathetic efferent nerve-fibres and the possibility of a modulating influence of the sustentacular cell.
The Human Carotid Body at High Altitudes
Authors: Arias-Stella J. , Valcarcel J.
Published: October 2008

(1) The size and weight of the carotid bodies have been found statistically significantly increased in 42 subjects from high altitude (14,350 ft) compared to 42 from sea level. (2) This increase is due to hyperplasia of glomic type I cells, which arrange themselves forming larger clusters and lobules at high altitudes, and in some degree to vascular engorgement. (3) Intense vacuolation of the chief cells is a histological feature of the high altitude specimens. (4) It is apparent that at high altitudes the size and weight of the carotid bodies increase with age. (5) The stimulus of chronic hypoxia is the most likely cause to explain the differences found.
The Carotid Bodies in Animals at High Altitude
Authors: Edwards C.W.
Published: October 2008

The carotid bodies of a group of animals from high altitude were compared with those of a group from sea level. The carotid bodies from the high altitude group were larger and showed hyperplasia of the type I cells with cytoplasmic vacuolation. Electron microscopy revealed that this vacuolation was associated with changes in the membrane bound cytoplasmic bodies. It is suggested that the ultrastructural changes are related to the disturbance in chemoreceptor response found in subjects living at high altitude.
Das Vorkommen von Neuraminidase und N-Acylneuraminat-Lyase bei NAG-Vibrionen
Authors: Müller H.E. , Lütticken R.
Published: October 2008

NAG (non-agglutinable) vibrio strains, predominantly belonging to Heiberg’s groups I and II, were isolated from water drainage, river water, and from stool samples of patients. They were tested for the presence of neuraminidase and N-acylneuraminate lyase. The two enzymes were shown to be present in 10% of the water strains and in 45 % of those isolated from patients, without a preferential distribution for Heiberg’s groups. Some strains, moreover, possessed in their cell wall a thiobarbituric acid-positive substance identical or related to N-acetylneuraminate. The results suggest a close relationship to the etiologic agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio eltor, especially since an enterotoxin was also found in NAG vibrios. There is some evidence of the pathogenic role of neuraminidase, since enzyme-producing strains could be isolated more frequently from patients than from water.
Resorption von Amyloid
Authors: Mohr W. , Paulini K. , Beneke G. , Scomazzoni G.
Published: October 2008

Resorption of amyloid implanted in rats was investigated by light microscopic and electron microscopic methods. It was observed that, beginning after 7 days, amyloid situated in the subcutaneous tissue was more digested than the material in the peritoneal cavity. Phagocytic cells which ingest fibrillar amyloid are preferentially mobilized in the subcutaneous tissue. 12 weeks after the implantation, only small unresorbed islands of amyloid remained in the subcutaneous tissue; in the peritoneal cavity, amyloid was surrounded by fibrous tissue without resorption of the amyloid.
Zur Quantifizierung der diabetischen Reifungsstörung der Plazenta
Authors: Emmrich P. , Gödel E. , Müller G.
Published: October 2008

An attempt has been made to demonstrate the feasibility of quantitating by light microscopy and histoplanimetry the pathology of placental maturation associated with maternal diabetes mellitus. The size of chorionic villi, the development of chorionic vessels, stroma edema, and the distribution of these findings were used as criteria to assess the degree of the abnormality. In addition, the size of individual villi and the distribution of these villi over areas of known size were estimated. The results of these methods coincided in 72% of 25 cases thus studied. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods were evaluated. For the correlation of placental alterations on the one hand and of maternal and fetal pathology on the other, a quantitative assessment of placental maturation appears urgently required.
Histogenesis of Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of the Kidney in Rats Ingesting N-4-(4’-Fluorobiphenyl)acetamide
Authors: Reuber Melvin Dwaine
Published: October 2008

Carcinomas of the kidney developed from the distal convoluted tubules in Buffalo strain rats ingesting N-4-(4’-Fluorobiphenyl)acetamide in the diet. The development could be followed from hyperplasia of individual tubules, to areas of hyperplasia, nodules of hyperplasia, ‘carcinoma in situ’, small carcinomas, and later large well developed carcinomas.
Adenohypophysial Necrosis in Respirator-Maintained Patients
Authors: Kovacs K. , Bilbao J.M.
Published: October 2008

Fourteen cases of acute adenohypophysial necrosis were found among 76 patients maintained on mechanical respirators, indicating an increased incidence of adenohypophysial necrosis in these patients (18.4%), compared with that of an unselected autopsy material (1.1 %). Histologically, the lesions corresponded to coagulative infarctions and were due to suppression of blood flow to the anterior lobe. In many cases severe and widespread alterations were noted in the brain which might have interfered with pituitary circulation and by resulting in adenohypophysial ischemia could have been responsible for the development of infarction. In some other cases, however, no significant abnormalities were demonstrated in the brain, indicating that cerebral lesions and the associated elevation of intracranial pressure are not the only causative factors leading to circulatory disturbance of the anterior pituitary. No correlation was found between the duration of respirator therapy, the incidence and extent of adenohypophysial necrosis. Thus, it appears that the role of mechanical respirators is that they ‘buy time’ and by prolonging life they allow the advancement of the lesion to histologically recognizable infarction.
Neuraminidase bei Trichomonas fetus und ihre mögliche pathogenetische Bedeutung
Authors: Müller H.E. , von-Nicolai H. , Zilliken F.
Published: October 2008

The biological conditions of the production of neuraminidase by Trichomonas fetus were investigated. The optimal glucose concentration was found to be 1%. N-acetylmannosamine induces the neuraminidase production in Trichomonas fetus in the same manner as in some bacteria. Furthermore, serum is an important constituent of the Trichomonas fetus medium. The cells are growing, however, by help of four of eleven sera investigated in this study, i.e. human serum, serum of rabbit, sheep, and cattle or calf. Especially the calf serum is the best growth- and enzyme-promoting agent. The neuraminidase production increases proportionally with the serum concentration in a range of 0-50 %. Therefore, the pathogenic role of neuraminidase can be concluded indirectly. The discussion represents four hypotheses explaining the interruption of pregnancy by neuraminidase. Unmascing histocompatibility antigens on trophoblast by enzymatic removal of sialic acid and the subsequent immune response of maternal organism. Neuraminidase terminates pregnancy by local interference with the embryo sustaining functions of the uterine decidua. Antigenicity of enzymatically inactive microbial neuraminidase attached on the trophoblast and subsequently by cross-reacting immune response also against the fetus. Enzymatic inactivation of the chorionic gonadotropin on trophoblastic surface, because chorionic gonadotropin normally blocks the action of immunocompetent maternal lymphocytes so that the mother accepts her fetus as an allograft.
Detection of Fibrinolytic and Elastase Activity Among Clinical Isolates of Serratia Marcescens
Authors: Traub Walter H. , Kleber Ingrid
Published: October 2008

Thirty-three of 35 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens examined displayed fibrinolytic activity, whereas only 5 isolates elaborated a weakly active elastase. All strains liquefied gelatin, hydrolyzed DNA, produced lipases and a lecithinase, but none revealed hyaluronidase or collagenase activity. Twenty-one, 16, and 30 of the isolates hemolyzed sheep, rabbit, and human erythrocytes, respectively.
Nachweis von Neuraminidase bei Clostridium pseudotetanicum
Authors: Werner H. , Müller H.E.
Published: October 2008

By means of colorimetric assay, immunoelectrophoresis and paper chromatography, a strain of C. pseudotetanicum isolated from pathological material was shown to produce the enzyme neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18). Attempts to detect the enzyme acylneuraminate lyase remained unsuccessful. The other six Clostridium species hitherto known to produce neuraminidase are without exception acylneuraminate-lyase-positive.
F Antigen. II. Chemical and Physical Properties
Authors: Utzinger R.
Published: October 2008

Physical and chemical properties of the liver-specific F antigen suggested a model for the labile quarternary structure of the protein. The native molecule showed a size slightly larger than 60,000 dalton (d), which was reduced to about 40,000 d under acidic conditions. Breaking of hydrogen bonds by chaotropic treatment resulted in the release of components of 30,000, 7,000 and 2,000 d. The smallest component was split to fragments of about 1,000 d by the reducing action of sulfhydryl compounds.
Die Wirkung von Asbestzement, UICC-Asbestproben und Quarz im Peritoneum der Maus
Authors: Wirth T.
Published: October 2008

Aqueous suspensions of asbestos cement powder injected experimentally into the peritoneal cavity of mice act as a fibrogenic agent, as do chrysotile asbestos or chrysotile asbestos-containing soil samples. The fibrotic nodules caused by the dust resemble morphologically silicosis granulomas. In addition, asbestos cement has a characteristically strong cytotoxic effect during the first 2 weeks of the experiment. It is suggested that this is due to the chrysotile asbestos and/or the calcite component of the powder. Amosite and crocidolite, on the other hand, induce a diffuse peritoneal fibrosis with the appearance of numerous foreign body giant cells and asbestos bodies. Dust particles displaced to the regional lymph nodes are frequent in the animals treated with quartz, asbestos cement and asbestos-containing soil samples. A spindle cell type sarcoma arising from the visceral peritoneum is observed in animals injected with crocidolite or asbestos cement. In addition, dusts containing chrysotile asbestos induce considerable amyloidosis of the liver and spleen.
An Outbreak of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Yugoslavia in 1973
Authors: Likar M. , Talanyi-Pfeifer L. , Marin J.
Published: October 2008

An outbreak of approximately 200 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is described in Prekmurje, a northern province in Yugoslavia. The epidemic was caused by enterovirus type 70, serologically identical with the causative agents of similar outbreaks in London and Japan. The origin of the outbreak could not be elucidated but a link was seen between this case and a small outbreak in Veenendaal in the Netherlands.
Sensitivity of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) to Oleandomycin and Spectinomycin
Authors: Virtanen Simo
Published: October 2008

Haemophilus vaginalis is highly sensitive to oleandomycin. The MIC ranged from 0.035 to 0.15 µg/ml. The sensitivity of H. vaginalis to spectinomycin was 2.5–5.0 µg/ml. The sensitivity of H. vaginalis to spectinomycin is 3–4 times higher than that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A favourable effect in the treatment of vaginitis caused by H. vaginalis could thus be expected.
Recovery of a New Herpesvirus from the Ground Squirrel (Citellus citellus)
Authors: Diosi P. , Plavoşin Livia , Arcan P. , David Camelia
Published: October 2008

A new herpesvirus recovered from the kidneys of mature ground squirrels (Citellus citellus) produced an effect in tissue culture cells resembling that of herpesviruses, including the formation of multinucleated syncytia and type A intranuclear inclusions. The isolate caused latent infection in the natural host, but it proved fatal for intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice and it produced pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs. Electron-microscopic examination of infected cells revealed intranuclear virus particles exhibiting a size and ultrastructure characteristic of herpesviruses. The isolate was ether-resistant and a DNA nucleic acid type was inferred from observations on inhibition by fluorinated pyrimidine. This ground squirrel herpesvirus was found to be antigenically distinct from Herpesvirus hominis and from ground squirrel cytomegalovirus, with no detectable cross-reactivity.