bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary overactive bladder with restless leg syndrome after cerebral infarction: report of 2 cases
Authors: Cui Ying , Huang Qiang , Du Yitong , Wang Lin , Wang Shiya , Zhao Wenlu , Tuo Houzhen
Published: April 2024

Background
Previous research has commonly regarded overactive bladder (OAB) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) as distinct disorders in terms of their underlying causes, clinical diagnosis, and treatment approaches. However, there is evidence of an overlap in the occurrence of these two conditions following cerebral infarction. Specifically, restless bladder syndrome (RBS), a subtype of RLS, exhibits symptoms similar to those of OAB. Consequently, further investigation is warranted to better understand the relationship between these two disorders.
Case presentation
In this report, we present the cases of two patients who presented with both OAB following cerebral infarction, along with RLS. Following administration of oral pramipexole, both nocturia and RLS exhibited prompt and efficient alleviation.
Conclusions
There may exist a shared pathological foundation between certain RLS cases and OAB. In instances where patients exhibit evident OAB symptoms following cerebral infarction and concurrently experience RLS, it is advisable to prioritize the administration of dopaminergic agonists over M receptor inhibitors and β3 agonists. Furthermore, it is plausible that the RBS or a subset of RLS cases could potentially be classified as a form of OAB, although this correlation has yet to be definitively established.
Noncausal effects of genetic predicted depression and gastric cancer risk: A NHANES and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Chen Yue hong , Zhang Pai qi
Published: April 2024

The relationship between gastric cancer and depression remains an area of active investigation, with recent studies suggesting a potential bidirectional association.
We present an analysis of the correlation between gastric cancer and depression using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the causal links between these conditions.
The NHANES analysis adjusted for confounders such as lifestyle factors and pre-existing health conditions, revealing a higher incidence of depression among individuals with gastric cancer. Stepwise regression models further established depression as a risk factor for developing gastric cancer. Conversely, MR analysis using genetic variants as instrumental variables suggested that gastric cancer significantly impacts the development of depression, with 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing a significant association with both conditions. The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method indicated a significant effect of gastric cancer on depression (OR: 0.979[0.962-0.995]), although the strength of the association varied with different weighting methods. Reverse MR analysis did not find a significant impact of depression on the occurrence of gastric cancer, with 15 SNPs associated with both diseases but no significant effect observed (OR: 0.834 [0.504-1.380]).
The study's findings underscore the importance of considering mental well-being in the treatment of gastric cancer and provide a new direction for future therapeutic approaches. However, limitations such as the focus on individuals of European ancestry and the lack of specificity regarding types of gastric cancer warrant further research.
Pseudodominant inheritance of retinitis pigmentosa in a family with mutations in the Eyes Shut Homolog (EYS) gene
Authors: Iorio Enzo Di , Adamo Ginevra Giovanna , Sorrentino Ugo , De Nadai Katia , Barbaro Vanessa , Mura Marco , Pellegrini Marco , Boaretto Francesca , Tavolato Marco , Suppiej Agnese , Nasini Francesco , Salviati Leonardo , Parmeggiani Francesco
Published: April 2024

Sequence variants in Eyes Shut Homolog (EYS) gene are one of the most frequent causes of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Herein, we describe an Italian RP family characterized by EYS-related pseudodominant inheritance. The female proband, her brother, and both her sons showed typical RP, with diminished or non-recordable full-field electroretinogram, narrowing of visual field, and variable losses of central vision. To investigate this apparently autosomal dominant pedigree, next generation sequencing (NGS) of a custom panel of RP-related genes was performed, further enhanced by bioinformatic detection of copy-number variations (CNVs). Unexpectedly, all patients had a compound heterozygosity involving two known pathogenic EYS variants i.e., the exon 33 frameshift mutation c.6714delT and the exon 29 deletion c.(5927þ1_5928-1)_(6078þ1_6079-1)del, with the exception of the youngest son who was homozygous for the above-detailed frameshift mutation. No pathologic eye conditions were instead observed in the proband’s husband, who was a heterozygous healthy carrier of the same c.6714delT variant in exon 33 of EYS gene. These findings provide evidence that pseudodominant pattern of inheritance can hide an autosomal recessive RP partially or totally due to CNVs, recommending CNVs study in those pedigrees which remain genetically unsolved after the completion of NGS or whole exome sequencing analysis.
Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for Guided Bone Regeneration in Rats: A Preliminary Study with 3D-Printed β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds and Polydioxanone Membranes
Authors: Pitol-Palin Letícia , Moura Juliana , Frigério Paula , Batista Fábio Roberto de Souza , Saska Sybele , Oliveira Letícia , Matsubara Elaine , Pilatti Livia , Câmara Diana , Lizier Nelson , Blay Alberto , Shibli Jamil , Okamoto Roberta
Published: April 2024

Treatment of complex craniofacial deformities is still a challenge for medicine and dentistry because few approach therapies are available on the market that allows rehabilitation using 3D-printed medical devices. Thus, this preliminary study aims to evaluate the bioactivity of 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds and polydioxanone membrane (PDO) with cell-based (ASCs) tissue engineering for guided bone regeneration in critical calvary defects of rats. Methods: Male rats were divided into three groups: β-TCP + PDO membrane (TCP/PG), β-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane (TCPasc/PG), and β-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane/ASCs (TCPasc/PGasc). A surgical defect in the right parietal bone was made, and the defect was filled with the 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold and PDO membrane with or without ASCs. The animals were euthanized 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure for histomorphometric and immunolabeling analyses. Results: Cell-based therapy promotes, especially in the TCPasc/PGasc group, a bone area formation at the defect border region and the center of the defect. Conclusions: Using 3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds and PDO membranes associated with cell-based therapy has excellent potential to improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration. Moreover, using ASCs optimized the bioceramics by increasing its osteoinductive and osteoprogenitor capacity even with the resorption of the printed scaffold.
Polish adaptation of Physician’s Trust in the Patient Scale (PTPS) – psychometric properties and validation
Authors: Błaszyk Marta Adrianna , Kroemeke Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

Mutual trust is considered one of the critical aspects of building a successful doctor-patient relationship. Albeit patient trust in physicians has been widely explored by researchers, physician trust in patients remains neglected, which is reflected by the lack of existing tools to assess this construct. Therefore, we aimed to validate and adapt Thom’s Physician’s Trust in the Patient Scale (PTPS) in Polish. We conducted a survey-based study among 307 medical doctors. To determine the factor structure of the scale, both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. The two-factor solution was established for the scale in accordance with the original version. To determine the internal reliability and consistency of the scale, we measured Cronbach’s alpha, corrected-item total correlation, and discrimination indices – all of them obtained very good or excellent values. Estimates of convergent and discriminant validity reached all suggested thresholds. The scale also performed well in theoretical validity. Together, these findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation and validation of PTPS are satisfactory and that the tool can find practical and scientific applications. We believe that the scale can substantially add to our understanding of building trust-based relationships and rapport between patients and physicians.
Health workforce forecast in the university hospital: evidence from Lithuania
Authors: Vanckavičienė Aurika , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Zagurskienė Daiva , Stašaitis Kęstutis
Published: April 2024

Background
The increasing shortage of staff in healthcare facilities worldwide calls for a human resource planning strategy in order to ensure safe, timely and patient-centred care. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and supply and demand projections of nurses, midwives, and radiographers within the labor market of the largest university hospital in the Baltic States by 2030.
Methods
The staff supply was calculated on the intake and outflow of persons in the labour market annually for various factors. Projections for the demand of nurses, midwives, and radiographers took into account the different needs of the population, categorized by gender and age, for the services offered within the institution.
Results
The projected supply of nurses in 2030 will be lower and the supply of midwives and radiographers higher than in 2021. Looking at the supply and demand scenarios for nurses, there is a gap that widens from 2021 onwards, with a projected shortage of 59 nurses in the medium-demand scenario and 331 nurses in the prospective scenario in 2025, and 173 and 772 nurses in 2030 respectively in the establishment. The need for radiographers in the prospective scenario, which is the most likely scenario, will increase, with a projected shortage of 26 radiographers in 2025 and 52 in 2030 at this university hospital. The impact of the variables influencing the increase in the demand for midwives did not exceed the projected supply of midwives in the institution.
Conclusions
Due to the rising demand for nurse and radiographer services from the aging population,, the predicted supply of nurses and radiographers will be insufficient. To ensure the projected demand for nurses in the medium and prospective scenarios, the nurses recruited each year should increase up to 38% in the medium scenario and 69% in the prospective scenario from 2022. In the prospective demand scenario, the recruitment of radiographers should increase three-fold and the recruitment of midwives should be reduced by 30%.
TKI for immunotherapy refractory in MSI-H colorectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Yang Xiaomei , Deng Jian , Qu Xiujuan , Chen Ying
Published: April 2024

Some of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with MSI-H status do not have robust and lasting benefit from mono-immunotherapy, how to extend the benefit of immunotherapy for those patients is still an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we reported a MSI-H CRC patient responsed to immunotherapy combined with Fruquintinib after progression of first-line immunotherapy and achieved progression-free survival (PFS) for 20 months. Therefore, anti-angiogenesis Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) may be a viable therapeutic option for metastatic colorectal cancer with MSI-H status to revise the resistance of immunotherapy.
Sex Differences in Choroidal Vessels Using Novel Wide-Field Choroidal En-Face Images from Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mihara Naohisa , Funatsu Ryoh , Sonoda Shozo , Shiihara Hideki , Sakono Takato , Sakamoto Taiji , Terasaki Hiroto
Published: April 2024

To develop a method to quantify choroidal vessels in normal eyes using wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) en-face images. The study included participants with normal eyes in whom wide-angle OCT images were acquired to generate planarized choroidal en-face and thickness map images. The images were segmented into central, midperipheral, and peripheral areas, and the midperipheral and peripheral areas were further segmented into supratemporal, infratemporal, supranasal, and infranasal sectors. The mean planarized choroidal-vessel density (p-CVD), planarized choroidal-vessel size (p-CVS), and choroidal thickness (CT) were calculated in each sector. Sex differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The study included 162 participants comprising 84 female (mean age, 43.5 years; axial length, 24.0 mm) and 78 male (mean age, 44.4 years; axial length, 24.2 mm) participants with no significant differences in demographics (P ≥ 0.107). Men had a higher mean p-CVD in all regions (P < 0.001). The mean p-CVS was greater in men in all regions except for the supratemporal sector (P < 0.001). No significant differences in sex in the mean CT were observed in all regions (P ≥ 0.106). The p-CVD and p-CVS in normal eyes differ between sexes. This finding may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of choroidal diseases.
Quantification of volcanic degassing and analysis of uncertainties using numerical modelling: the case of Stephanos crater (Nisyros Island, Greece)
Authors: Massaro Silvia , Tamburello Giancarlo , Bini Giulio , Costa Antonio , Stocchi Manuel , Tassi Franco , Biagi Rebecca , Vaselli Orlando , Chiodini Giovanni , Dioguardi Fabio , Selva Jacopo , Sandri Laura , Macedonio Giovanni , Caliro Stefano , Vougioukalakis Georges
Published: April 2024

Nisyros Island (Greece) is affected by widespread gas emissions from fumarolic fields located at the bottom of hydrothermal craters in the southern part of its caldera. This morphology and the current low gas fluxes make Nisyros an ideal site for testing the limits of physics-based gas dispersal models in confined and low-emission conditions. Here, we focused our attention on the local scale volcanic gas dispersion from the Stephanos hydrothermal crater. In April 2023, a one-week survey was carried out to measure weather data, CO2 and H2S gas fluxes, air concentrations from portable gas stations, chemical composition of fumarolic gases and to acquire thermal images of the crater floor. These data were used as inputs and boundary conditions for numerical simulations using DISGAS-2.6 model in order to quantify the present-day volcanic degassing and its associated uncertainties, accounting for the meteorological variability. Model results are provided in terms of H2S probabilistic exceedance and persistence maps, showing gas concentrations within the crater that fall below the thresholds indicated for the occurrence of serious respiratory problems. Since DISGAS-2.6 does not account for chemical reactions, this study represents a good opportunity to discuss the methodological limits of simulating the dispersion of H2S which is challenging due to its rapid degradation and dilution in the atmosphere. In this regard, we also provided an empirical law of the H2S depletion in low-emission conditions that takes into account the uncertainties related to the field measurements.
Proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Haiqing , Tang Haifeng , Yi Guihua , Chen Lingli , Yang Donghong , Chen Zihong , Li Haiwen , Zhan Dechao , Jiang Danxian , Yu Ying , Zeng Ying , Cai Yilin , Wu Jiayuan , Liu Huafeng
Published: April 2024

Cisplatin is the most commonly used platinum-based treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its clinical application is limited owing to its nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to increase nephrotoxicity risk in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate whether PPIs increase cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with NPC. In total, 295 patients were included in this prospective cohort study: 145 in the PPIs group and 150 in the non-PPIs group. All patients underwent cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy, followed by cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The PPIs group received 40 mg of intravenous esomeprazole sodium for 7 days in each chemotherapy cycle. Chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were applied to assess the association between PPIs and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI incidence in the PPIs group was significantly higher than that in the non-PPIs group (P = 0.005). After adjusting for various confounders, PPIs use was significantly associated with a higher AKI risk (odds ratio: 2.775; 95% confidence interval: 1.280-6.020; P = 0.010). The incidences of acute and chronic kidney diseases were similar between both groups (P > 0.05), whereas the incidence of nausea was lower in the PPIs group than in the non-PPIs group (P = 0.029). This study has shown that PPIs use may increase the risk of cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in patients with NPC.
Improving the external validity of randomized clinical trials: The interesting place of weighting survey methods
Authors: Lejas Jules , Leterrier Laurie , Mottin Denis , Timsit Jean-François , Troussard Xavier , Lévy Vincent , chevret sylvie
Published: April 2024

Background: Randomized clinical trials aim to estimate the average treatment effect by randomly allocating the treatment to patients. However, their results are considered poorly applicable to real-world patients due, among other reasons, to the restriction of patient eligibility. We aimed to show that the reweighting of trial individuals to match the target population, a technique commonly used in surveys, allows unbiased estimates of the treatment effect on the target population to be provided.
Methods: We first conducted a simulation study to assess whether such a weighting can provide some valid treatment effect estimation for the target population. We then used trial and registry or real-world data in COVID-19 and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients as two illustrations.
Results: The results of the simulations showed unbiased estimates of the treatment effect in the target population, regardless of the differences in the trial and target populations, the treatment effect, the potential interaction with patient characteristics, and the sample size. When applied to the trial settings, the estimated effect of treatment differed according to the severity of the target population condition, although calibrated estimates all fell into the confidence interval of the trial.
Conclusions: This approach appears promising for extrapolating trial results to larger populations that are more representative of the real world. It could be of particular interest when very elderly or frail patients are not included in trials evaluating a new treatment, even though they are a significant part of the target population.
Trial registration: COVIDICUS trial (NCT04344730);
Association of Endometrial Cancer Risk With Hypertension- an updated meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Drab Agnieszka , Kanadys Wiesław , Malm Maria , Wdowiak Krystian , Dolar-Szczasny Joanna , Barczyński Bartłomiej
Published: April 2024

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers in the developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of hypertension on endometrial cancer risk. Databases: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to March 2023. We used DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model for analysis. Risk estimates were extracted by two authors and summarized using meta-analytic methods. A total of 20 case-control studies with 8,938 endometrial cancer cases were included in the study. Overall meta-analysis demonstrates significant association between hypertension and endometrial cancer risk (2.02, 95% CI: 1.71–2.28, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of the risk of endometrial cancer shows statistically significant higher risk in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, diabetics, women who had their first menstrual period at the age of 11 years or earlier, and who had never given birth. Findings of this comprehensive review and meta-analysis indicate that hypertension is associated with overall risk of endometrial cancer.
Carbene-Stabilized Phosphagermylenylidene: A HeavierAnalog of Isonitrile
Authors: Li Jiancheng , Wang Xin-Feng , Hu Chaopeng , Liu Liu Leo
Published: April 2024

Phosphagermylenylidenes (R − P = Ge), as heavier analogs of isonitriles, whether in their free state or as complexes with a Lewis base, have not been previously identified as isolable entities. In this study, we report the synthesis of a stable monomeric phosphagermylenylidene within the coordination sphere of a Lewis base under ambient conditions. This species was synthesized by Lewis base-induced de-dimerization of a cyclic phosphagermylenylidene dimer or via Me3SiCl elimination in a phosphinochlorogermylene framework. The deliberate integration of a bulky, electropositive N-heterocyclic boryl group at the phosphorus site, combined with coordination stabilization by a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene at the low-valent germanium site, effectively mitigated its natural tendency towards oligomerization. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that this unprecedented species features a P = Ge double bond, characterized by conventional electron-sharing π and σ bonds, complemented by lone pairs at both the phosphorus and germanium atoms. Preliminary reactivity studies show that this base-stabilized phosphagermylenylidene demonstrates facile release of ligands at the Ge atom, coordination to silver through the lone pair on P, and versatile reactivity including both (cyclo)addition and cleavage of the P = Ge double bond.
What Do We Know About the Usefulness of 18f-fdg Pet-ct for the Management of Invasive Fungal Infection? An International Survey.
Authors: Gutiérrez-Villanueva Andrea , Calderón-Parra Jorge , Diaz Alejandro Callejas , Muñez-Rubio Elena , Velásquez Karina , Ramos-Martínez Antonio , Rodríguez-Alfonso Begoña , Fernández-Cruz Ana
Published: April 2024

Background
Recent data support 18F-FDG PET-CT for the management of infections in immunocompromised patients, including invasive fungal infection (IFI). However, its role is not well established in clinical practice.
We performed an international survey to evaluate the knowledge of physicians about the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET-CT in IFI, in order to define areas of uncertainty.
Methods
An online survey was distributed to infectious diseases working groups in December 2023-January 2024. It included questions regarding access to 18F-FDG PET-CT, knowledge on its usefulness for IFI and experience of the respondents. A descriptive analysis was performed.
Results
180 respondents answered; 60.5% were Infectious Diseases specialists mainly from Spain (52.8%) and Italy (23.3%). 84.4% had access to 18F-FDG PET-CT at their own center.
85.6% considered that 18F-FDG PET-CT could be better than conventional tests for IFI. In the context of IFI risk, 81.1% would consider performing 18F-FDG PET-CT to study fever without a source and around 50% to evaluate silent lesions and assess response, including distinguishing residual from active lesions.
Based on the results of the follow-up 18F-FDG PET-CT, 56.7% would adjust antifungal therapy duration. 60% would consider a change in the diagnostic or therapeutic strategy in case of increased uptake or new lesions.
Uncovering occult lesions (52%) and diagnosing/excluding endocarditis (52.7%) were the situations in which 18F-FDG PET-CT was considered to have the most added value.
Conclusion
Although the majority considered that 18F-FDG PET-CT may be useful for IFI, many areas of uncertainty remain: timing and indication in which it adds most value, duration of uptake, the threshold for discontinuing treatment or the influence of immune status. There is a need for protocolized research to improve IFI management.
A modeling and analysis method for the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the target material
Authors: Sun Houpeng , Li Yingchun , Guo Huichao , Luan Chenglong , Zhang Laixian , Zheng Haijing , Fan Youchen
Published: April 2024

We designed a bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) measurement system to re-search the characteristics of target materials. This system measures the BRDF data of an aluminum plate and gold foil. A hybrid biogeography-based optimization-firefly (BBO-Firefly) algorithm was proposed to optimize the five-parameter BRDF model. To check the performance of the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm, we set up a contrast experiment to optimize the BRDF parameters using the BBO algorithm, Firefly algorithm, and hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm. According to the optimization results, the incidence angles are 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, respectively. When the material is an aluminum plate, the MSE of the BBO-Firefly algorithm is reduced to 14%, 7%, 10%, and 11% compared with the original BBO algorithm, and the MSE is reduced to 14%, 7%, 12%, 15% compared with the original Firefly algorithm. When the material is gold foil, the MSE of the BBO-Firefly algorithm is reduced to 17%, 18%, 12%, and 11% compared with the original BBO algorithm, and the MSE is reduced to 15%, 24%, 28%, 32% compared with the original Firefly algorithm. The experimental results prove that the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm surpasses the BBO algorithm and Firefly algorithm in convergence speed and precision in the same situation and has a better optimization effect. Finally, we substitute the optimization results of the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm into the BRDF model to analyze the reflection characteristics of an aluminum plate and gold foil.
Patterns of change in propulsion force and late braking force in patients with stroke walking at fast speeds
Authors: Ohta Mizuho , Tanabe Saori , Tamari Makoto , Katsuhira Junji
Published: April 2024

Increased propulsion force (PF) in the paretic limb correlates with enhanced walking speed among stroke patients. However, investigations into changes in late braking force (LBF), occurring typically during the late stance phase, remain scarce. Our objective was to elucidate the dynamics of PF and LBF alterations during fast walking in stroke patients and to discern strategies based on the shifting patterns of LBF. We retrospectively analyzed data from 100 stroke patients walking at both comfortable and fast speeds using a 3D motion analyzer. Notably, all patients exhibited augmented PF during fast walking compared to their comfortable pace. However, LBF displayed both decreasing and increasing trends. In contrast to the decreased LBF pattern, the augmented LBF pattern not only resulted in a smaller increase in PF but also entailed an elevation in LBF due to reduced in-phase coordination of the anterior tilt of the lower leg and plantar flexion of the foot during the pre-swing phase. Consequently, a compensatory strategy involving increased pelvic hike during the swing phase was adopted. Our findings contribute novel evidence indicating that alterations in LBF patterns exacerbate abnormal gait in stroke patients navigating at high speeds.
Biomechanical study of spinal cord and nerve root in idiopathic scoliosis: based on finite element analysis
Authors: Ma Jibin , Wang Jian , Yang Yuming , Wu Jincheng , Liu Ziwen , Miao jun , Yan Xu
Published: April 2024

Background
Limited research on spinal cord and nerve root biomechanics during scoliosis correction, this study assesses surgical impact using finite element analysis.
Methods
A detailed three-dimensional finite element model was constructed, incorporating vertebral bodies, ligaments, spinal cord, and nerve roots using engineering software. The Cobb angle was incrementally corrected by applying forces and displacements. At a 40mm displacement, mean von Mises stress on the spinal cord and bilateral nerve roots in each spinal segment was compared between traction versus traction + torsion, and pushing versus pushing + torsion conditions. Parametric t-tests were used for spinal cord stress comparisons, while non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were employed for nerve root stress comparisons. T1/2-T4/5 was defined as the upper segment, T5/6-T8/9 as the middle segment, and T9/10-L1/2 as the lower segment. The average von Mises stresses of the upper, middle and lower segments of spinal cord and nerve root were compared under different displacement conditions by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Increasing displacement reduced the Cobb Angle, increased correction rates, and elevated stress on the spinal cord and nerve roots. At 40 mm displacement, stress on the right nerve root in the apical vertebra region exceeded that on the left nerve root in the thoracic curve, with peak stress observed near the apical vertebra on the spinal cord. Notable stress differences were observed between traction and traction + torsion conditions but not between pushing and pushing + torsion conditions. Compared with the displacement of 20 mm and 40 mm, significant stress differences were noted in the middle spinal cord segment under all conditions and in all spinal cord segments and nerve roots under pushing conditions.
Conclusions
Achieving correction rates between 61–68% primarily affected the apical vertebra region of the spinal cord. In the case of similar correction rate, the traction maneuver has the least stress on the spinal cord and bilateral nerves, and the push maneuver can achieve a greater correction rate. However, with the increase of correction rate, the push maneuver will significantly increase the risk of nerve injury.
The Effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise on Depression, Sleep Quality, and Mental Health
Authors: Nabizadehchianeh Ghasim , Morsaljahan Somayeh , Walker David Ian , Nosratabad Touraj Hashemi
Published: April 2024

Background
The effectiveness of regular physical activity as a therapeutic intervention in modern medicine is widely recognized, making it a potential option for those seeking lifestyle modifications to treat mood disorders. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the impact of Tai Chi Chuan exercise on depression, sleep quality, and mental well-being.
Methods
The study used an experimental design, including pre- and post-test assessments, and consisted of both experimental and control groups. The study included male individuals diagnosed with depression who were selected from healthcare centers in Sardasht city during the year 2019. The study involved 30 male individuals with depression symptoms, divided into two groups: the experimental group, which completed 36 Tai Chi Chuan training sessions, and the control group, which did not receive any treatment. The participants completed demographic data collection forms and responded to multiple surveys. The data was analyzed using SPSS-26 software, employing both univariate and multivariate methodologies, and the mean and standard deviations of age were 27.40 (SD = 4.20) and 30.13 (SD = 4.19) respectively.
Results
The results of the study revealed that both univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance provided evidence supporting the notion that engaging in Tai Chi Chuan exercises led to enhancements in sleep quality and mental health among participants in the experimental group. Furthermore, these enhancements were correlated with a decrease in depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
In conclusion, participation in Tai Chi activities holds the potential to enhance emotional well-being, sleep patterns, and overall mental health in men experiencing depression.
Preparation and characterization of H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite and using as heterogeneous effective catalyst for one-pot green synthesis of 4-hydropyran derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Bahmanziyari Maryam , Naeimi Hossein
Published: April 2024

A novel Brønsted acidic nanocomposite, H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 has easily prepared. This nanocomposite has characterized and identified using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Three-component condensation reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and dimedone carried out in the presence of the H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite as a green catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The experimental results show that the 4-hydropyran derivatives obtained in high yields and very short reaction times. Easy workup, reusability, and stability of the green catalyst are noteworthy advantages of this method. Moreover, this heterogeneous catalyst can be satisfactorily recovered by simple filtration and reused at least five times without loss of activity.
Investigating the Impact of Microbiome-Changing Interventions on Food Decision-Making: MIFOOD Study Protocol
Authors: Vartanian Meghedi , Endres Konrad Jakob , Lee Yee Teng , Friedrich Silke , Meemken Marie-Theres , Schamarek Imke , Rohde-Zimmermann Kerstin , Schürfeld Robin , Eisenberg Lina , Hilbert Anja , Beyer Frauke , Stumvoll Michael , Sacher Julia , Villringer Arno , Christensen Julia F. , Witte A. Veronica
Published: April 2024

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
Method: This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites.
Discussion: This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.
The Relations between The Critical Temperature and Debye Temperature for Some Single-Element Superconductors
Authors: Pei Ting-Han
Published: April 2024

We study the critical temperature Tc and Debye temperature θD for 12 single-element superconductors and find a relation TcθD=const. for every two metals of each group in the periodic table of elements. Especially, even the Tc ratio of Hg to Zn is as high as 4.77 but their TcθD are still close to each other. This formula is beneficial to explain why the single-element insulator at room temperature will not show the superconducting characteristic since it has no free-electron gas. The relation reveals that Tc is inversely proportional to ωD or θD, and also inversely proportional to the acoustic velocity v and the momentum of the Fermi electrons PF. Furthermore, two special formulae are also found for all chosen transition metals and post-transition metals, respectively, and show an important thing that the critical temperature Tc is also related to the valence electrons or the largest positive oxidation number in those superconductors.
A new Trial Monitoring Plan (TMP) template for clinical trials: Output from a Delphi process
Authors: Taheri Shiva , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , Sydes Matthew R , Isaacs Talia , Love Sharon B.
Published: April 2024

Background
Monitoring is a crucial part of trial conduct and ensures that participants’ data is fairly represented, and future healthcare information is enhanced. This project aims to improve trial monitoring by creating a Trial Monitoring Plan (TMP) template with input from individuals experienced in monitoring clinical trials.
Methods
A review of monitoring plans received from UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) registered Clinical Trials Units (CTU)s created the basis for a preliminary TMP template and a Delphi survey. The TMP template was finalised after 2 rounds of a Delphi survey and a two-part consensus meeting including trialists with experience and expertise in monitoring clinical trials.
Results
31 monitoring plans were received from UKCRC registered CTUs. The process resulted in a standardised TMP template with input from many individuals with interest, experience, or expertise in monitoring clinical trials.
Conclusion
A TMP template was developed building on the currently used monitoring plans and with input from those experienced in clinical trial monitoring. Using a centrally developed good quality TMP template should contribute towards maintaining consistency in monitoring standards across all CTUs, resulting in higher research quality and improved quality assurance. Its use should provide reassurance to participants that their participation is carefully monitored to ensure that their data or any samples provided are treated with confidentiality, integrity, and respect and that their rights and well-being are protected.
Structural performance evaluation of an electric vehicle chassis
Authors: Zamzam Omar , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Elnady Tamer , El-Wahab Ayman A. Abd
Published: April 2024

Electric vehicle (EV) production is pivotal in achieving environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution Since the weight of electric vehicles directly influences the energy consumption and driving range of the vehicle, innovative engineers face a significant challenge in designing an optimized vehicle chassis that remains robust under complex loading conditions. This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis of an EV chassis subjected to transient suspension forces due to hitting speed bumps and proposes a load factor between static and dynamic loads. A quarter vehicle model was adopted and solved using MATLAB Simulink to simulate the transient force transmitted to the chassis under different bump dimensions and vehicle speeds. The load was implemented into three different dynamic analysis studies: Front Loading, Rear Loading, and Torsional Loading. Subsequently, static and dynamic analyses were performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with SimSolid software. The results obtained from the dynamic analysis studies showed that the maximum stress was 288 MPa with a safety factor of 1.12, while the maximum stress in the static analysis was 64 MPa with a safety factor of 5.69. Additionally, a load factor of 4.44 between static and dynamic loads was revealed. Based on these findings, the chassis experiences only elastic deformation and is considered safe for practical use.
Preparation of halogen-free flame retardant curing agent and its application in epoxy resin
Authors: lei jiang , long jiapeng , Liang bing
Published: April 2024

9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-N-Aminoethylpiperazine(DOPO-AEP), a phosphorus and nitrogen intumescent flame retardant curing agent was prepared by using acetonitrile as solvent using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) as raw materials. The structure of the flame retardant curing agent DOPO-AEP was analyzed by FTIR, NMR and ESI-MS, and the synthesis method of the target product was determined. In addition, the content of TG in DOPO-AEP was determined by thermogravimetric analyzer, and its thermal properties were comprehensively explored, and based on the obtained results, the curable epoxy resin was selected to prepare DOPO-AEP/EP flame retardant composites. According to the amount of DOPO-AEP added product, different proportions of DOPO-AEP/EP flame retardant composites were prepared, and the actual impact of flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of epoxy resin in different proportions was explored. When the content of DOPO-AEP is 35%, the limiting oxygen index of DOPO-AEP/EP reaches 29.9, which has a significant increase compared with the limiting oxygen index of pure epoxy resin of 19.8, but compared with the content of DOPO-AEP of 30%, the limiting oxygen index of DOPO-AEP/EP is 28.7, and there is no significant increase change. Comprehensive analysis shows that when the component content of DOPO-AEP is 30%, the flame retardant system has a tensile strength of 29.0MPa, an impact strength of 4.5Kj/m2 and a flexural strength of 73.9MPa, and its limiting oxygen index is as high as 28.7, and the comprehensive performance of the system is the best. By testing the surface morphology of the flame retardant composites after combustion by SEM, it was found that a dense carbon layer was formed on the surface of the epoxy resin cured carbon residue and foamed obviously, indicating that the flame retardant curing performance of DOPO-AEP was good.
Satisfaction with childhood vaccine services and associated factors among parents in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeleke Agerie Mengistie , Gonete Yosef , chekole worku , melkie gashaw , ayele yeshiwas
Published: April 2024

Background: Parents’ satisfaction with child vaccination services is related to quality of care, and at the same time, it affects quality of the health care outcomes. However, there is a paucity of evidence on parents’ satisfaction with vaccination services. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with childhood vaccination services and associated factors among parents in Ethiopia.
Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used for this study. Both published and unpublished articles conducted in Ethiopia on parents’ satisfaction with childhood vaccination care services were searched.
A total of 147,000 articles were retrieved international databases (Scopus, MEDLINE/
PubMed, Web Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and National Digital Library repositories), 146,987 of which were excluded, while only 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The search for articles was conducted during the period of April 3–30, 2024. For the methodological quality assessment of the included articles, a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies was used. Stata version 11 software was used for analysis. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies.
Results: The overall level of parental satisfaction with child vaccine services in Ethiopia was 65.6% (95% CI: 58.74, 72.44%). Parents knowledge (AOR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.09–3.42), favorable attitudes (AOR=3.42; 95% CI: 1.86–5.62), greeting/welcome approach services (AOR=3.89; 95% CI: 1.80–8.41), and waiting less than 30 minutes to receive child vaccination services (AOR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.25–5.35) were positive determinants of the outcome variable.
Conclusions: This study revealed that only two-thirds of parents were satisfied with child vaccination services. Quality assurance activities that assess parental satisfaction with child vaccination care may have added value in identifying children who are less likely to receive timely vaccination services. Policymakers and decision-makers in Ethiopia should design strategies to optimize parental satisfaction with healthcare services by providing client-centered care. Moreover, the ministry of health should design compassionate respectful care provision guidelines and we also strongly recommend that a special emphasis be given to timely and greeting approach healthcare service provisions.
A qualitative study of professional identity formation of novice clinician educators – influence of a longitudinal mentoring programme
Authors: FONG Warren , JONES Linda
Published: April 2024

Background:
The professional identity of doctors is evolving with physicians now required to be ‘scholars’, facilitating the education of students and healthcare teammates as educators. Mentoring is widely practiced and is postulated to facilitate professional identity formation (PIF) through socialization.
Preliminary literature review suggested few studies looking into how formal mentoring programmes affect PIF of novice clinician educators, particularly an Asian context. I hope to understand the perceived professional identity of such educators, and how mentoring influences their PIF, using the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) as an underpinning framework.
Methods:
A qualitative study explored perspectives of mentees with less than two years teaching experience and participating in a formal mentoring programme. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the beginning and end of the programme. Thematic analysis and coding of these taped and transcribed interviews was performed and triangulated with an elite interview. Mind maps were constructed to appreciate the inter-relatedness of themes and evaluated using the SCCT framework. Methodology was anchored to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.
Results:
Seven mentees were recruited. All were Chinese except for two Indians. All had less than six months experience with educational activities. None had formal training in medical education. Median duration postgraduate was six years. One was from a surgical discipline, others were from a range of medical disciplines. Themes identified included background influences, learning experiences and outcome expectations which affected self-efficacy, leading to mentees attaining goals and performing actions which effected their professional identity development, which was in-turn affected by contextual influences. Most perceived themselves as clinicians rather than medical educators. Concepts underpinning PIF included socialisation (role modelling and mentorship, communities of practice, sense of belonging), experiential learning, the hidden curriculum and reflective practice.
Conclusions:
Novice clinician educators mostly have a hierarchical identity. Role modelling and mentorship, active participation in communities of practice, promotion of a sense-of-belonging, experiential learning combined with reflective practice are important components for socialisation, synergistically facilitating PIF in novice clinician educators. Overcoming contextual barriers, being cognisant of cultural practices and addressing concerns in the hidden curriculum can assist educators in development of their professional identity.