bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Typography Design in the Digital Environment
Authors: Kurtcu Fatih
Published: January 2018

Writing is a visual expression of language-based communication and the most basic indicator and result of human social development and his evolution is in tune with language, thought, art and cultural exchange and/or development. Today, in the concept of writing â€“ typography is far beyond just describing a technique. The effects of developments on technology are reflected in typographic studies and new and effective expression forms are created with new software enviroments, new media and new experimental works. Typographic studies designed in the digital environment by use of possibilities offered by technology presents new expression possibilities to the audience. Examining how digital typography, which is becoming widespread, has been designed and produced is a necessity to meet the communication expectations of the day and in the future with visual designs. In this article, the history of 3D writing, typography studies, usage areas and 3D digital typography designing stages are examined. Keywords: 3D, typography, design, digital environment, graphic design, motion, video.
Fictional Illustration Language with Reference to M. C. Escher and Istvan Orosz Examples
Authors: Turkmen Banu Bulduk
Published: January 2018

Alternative approaches in illustration language have constantly been developing in terms of material and technical aspects. Illustration languages also differ in terms of semantics and form. Differences in formal expressions for increasing the effect of the subject on the audience lead to diversity in the illustrations. M. C. Escherâ€™s three-dimensional images to be perceived in a two-dimensional environment, together with mathematical and symmetry-oriented studies and the systematic formed by a numerical structure in its background, are associated with the notion of illustration in terms of fictional meaning. Istvan Orosz used the technique of anamorphosis and made it possible for people to see their perception abilities and visual perception sensitivities in different environments created by him. This study identifies new approaches and illustration languages based on the works of both artists, bringing an alternative proposition to illustration languages in terms of systematic sub-structure and fictional idea sketches. Keywords: Perception, illusion, illustration, fictional illustration, illustration languages, visual perception.
Study of Laikaâ€™s Facial Expression Mechanism System for Stop-Motion Animation Puppet Through Knock-Down Strategies on Home-Scaled 3D Printer
Authors: Yekti Bharoto
Published: January 2018

The growth of 3D printing has been rapid over the decades. Laika is a United States-based animation production company, and the pioneer of 3D printing technology in stop-motion animation. Laika uses this technology in their production pipeline for making stop-motion puppets in most of their films, including their latest films, Kubo and the Two Strings (2016). Due to limited access and information of details of Laikaâ€™s facial expression, communities and fans of animation have tried to conduct experiments with their own 3D print, using footages of behind-the-screen processes from Laika studio. This paper explores facial expressions for creating stop-motion puppet using an affordable home scale 3D printer. Using limited technical information collected from documentation video from Laika as well as referring to articles written by stop-motion enthusiasts, this fan-based research ignites creativity to overcome the barriers of technology and access through strategies in producing affordable 3D print stop-motion animation. Keywords: Stop-motion animation, 3D printing, facial expressions.
Impact of the Cultural Changes After the Population Exchange on Spatial Organization and Use of Spaces: Case of Trilye Houses
Authors: Tüfekçioğlu Dilara
Published: January 2018

Turkey has hosted different cultures and societies throughout history, which is reflected in their buildings in all the cities in the country. However, modern adjustments are implemented by acknowledging the building as it is, or by completely renovating it. Trilye is a Greek town that was turned into a Turkish one after the population exchange between Turkey and Greece. Thus, while Trilye houses have the appearance of traditional Turkish houses, they were organised according to the Greek lifestyles. These buildings are on the verge of losing their authenticity due to the destructive effects of time and restorations. This study aims to examine the unity of the lifestyles, the space designs of different cultures, and the harmony and changing methods in the case of disharmony. It is an assessment of the method of survival and protection of historical values in Trilye by visiting and photographing many houses in Trilye, among others. Keywords: Greek-Turkish culture, lifestyles, living spaces, renovation, restoration
Effect of Smell in Historical Environments
Authors: Belkayali Nur
Published: January 2018

Smell is an obscure composition in the space planning and design processes, while visual and audial aspects are more dominant. Smell has an important place in the preference of the place, is an important factor affecting people in terms of sociological, psychological and bioclimatic comforts, although it differs from person to person. In this study, the existence of natural and artificial smell sources in historical environments and the effect of the smell of the preference of these environments were investigated. The study was carried out in historical sites located in the urban site in the centre of Kastamonu province. The study emphasises that in the process of space planning and design, smell should be evaluated together with other senses. Also, attempts have been made to determine the contribution of the sources of smell to historical places, which has an important position for urban identity. Keywords: Smell, perception, historical environment.
An Evaluation on the Relation between Gastronomy and Art: The Case of Ferran Adria
Authors: Sipahi Setenay
Published: January 2018

Presenting or eating are not only being physiological needs but also psychological needs related with taste and pleasure. Today a discipline called gastronomy studies above-mentioned needs in the light of different interdisciplinary areas such as art. Highlighted aesthetical concerns and creative styles while serving the food has grown in recent years and this trend indicates that gastronomy has a close relation with art. The aim of this study is to question the descriptive aspects of the gastronomy as an art or not. First, the terms of â€œaestheticâ€, â€œbeautifulâ€ and â€œcreativityâ€ are reviewed. The case of Ferran Adriaâ€™s works was evaluated how avant-garde postmodern art movements effected. It was concluded that gastronomy can be accepted as an art and new cookery applications can be defined as contemporary art. As a matter of fact, Adrianâ€™s works reveals that he is not only the chef who changed cooking, presentation and eating habits radically but he is also an artist. Keywords: Contemporary Art, New Cookery, Aesthetic, Creativity, Ferran Adria;
Etude De La Vulnerabilite Aux Risques D’inondations Dans La Ville De Meknes. Apport Des Sig, Du Mnt Et Des Modeles Empiriques
Authors: Rhazi Abdelaziz , Essahlaoui Ali , El  Hmaidi Abdellah , El Ouali Abdelhadi
Published: January 2018

The present study aims to assess, identify and map the risk of flooding urban in the aim of protecting the city of Meknes (center of northern Morocco) from the flooding of the Oued Boufekrane which runs along the city from the south to the north. It is carried out using the tools modeling, of empirical formulae and functions integrated into the software dedicated to the systems of Geographic Information System (GIS) and by exploiting the climate data, hydrological, topographical, geological, etc. The slopes of the watershed of the Oued Boufekrane vary approximately between 1 and 19%. They allow determining the areas and neighborhoods vulnerable to the risk of flooding with slopes not exceeding the 6%. The vulnerability to the risk of flooding which requires a priority intervention affects mainly the neighborhoods located in the southwest of the agglomeration of Meknes and along the valley of the Oued Boufekrane.
Influence of Kinesitherapy on Functional Independence in Patients with Supratentorial Unilateral Stroke in Chronic Period
Authors: Vasileva Danche , Lubenova Daniela , Zaharieva Darina , Grigorova-Petrova Kristin , Nikolova Milena , Bizeva Tzvetalina
Published: January 2018

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the specialized kinesitherapeutic (KT) methodology (SKTM) on functional independence in patients with supratentorial unilateral stroke in the chronic period (SUSChP). Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 67 patients with SUSChP (56 patients included in the experimental group - 32 men and 24 women, with duration of the disease 7.8 ± 2.0 months, and 11 patients in the control group - 9 men and 2 women, with duration of the disease 7.3 ± 1.5 months). To evaluate the changes in functional independence, test for Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used. Patients in the experimental group were treated with a specialized 10-day KT, which later continued to be performed as an adapted exercise program at home for a period of one month. Control patients perform a regular 10-day KT. This was done using SKTM principles of modern neurorehabilitation and motor learning as opposed to usual kinesitherapy. Results: After applying SKTM, the highest trend towards the improvement of functional independence was established after the 1st month with a level of significance during treatment p<0.001. Conclusion: In conclusion, the enclosed SKTM in the experimental group continued later as an adapted exercise program at home. It significantly improves the functional independence in patients with supratentorial unilateral stroke in the chronic period (SUSChP) compared  with the usual kinesitherapeutic methodology applied in the control group.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre Methanol Leaf Extract
Authors: A. Ibrahim , A. Babandi , A.A. Tijjani , Y. Murtala , H.M. Yakasai , D. Shehu , K. Babagana , I. A. Umar
Published: January 2018

Some medicinal plants and their purified derivatives have demonstrated beneficial therapeutic potentials for many centuries. They have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity, reducing the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study evaluated antioxidative activity and enzymatic (alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase) inhibitory potentials of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract (GSMLE) using standard methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The total phenolics and total flavonoids content in the extract were found to be 6.629±0.745 (µg/ml of catechol equivalent) and 0.004±0.0012 (µg/ml of quercetin equivalent) respectively. GSMLE was shown to have radical scavenging activity against DPPH (290.54 ± 39.72 %), hydroxyl radical (86.507 ± 23.55 %) and hydrogen peroxide (45.25 ± 25.23 %). The level of SOD was significantly decreased in H2O2 induced and H2O2+extract induced when compared with normal control (p<0.05); the level of GSH was significantly increased in H2O2 induced control and significantly decreased in H2O2+extract induced test when compared to normal control. GSH was also decreased significantly in H2O2+extract induced when compared to H2O2 induced control (p<0.05). The extract also demonstrated significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 182.26 ±1.05μg/ml) when compared with standard acarbose (IC50 189.52±0.46) and was more potent than the arcarbose on alpha-amylase inhibition with IC50 of 195.3±4.40 and 200.05±7.16 respectively. These findings may therefore, stress the potentiality of using Gymnema sylvestre as a natural remedy for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Diversity of Azoles Resistant Aspergillus Species Isolated from Experience and Naïve Soils in Nairobi County and Naivasha Sub-County Kenya
Authors: Kemoi Edson K. , Nyerere Andrew , Gross Uwe , Bader Oliver , Gonoi Tohru , C. Bii Christine
Published: January 2018

New triazole antifungals voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole are recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of both invasive and chronic fungal infections such as aspergillosis and aspergilloma. Emergence of azole-resistant among A. fumigatus isolates have been reported in other countries including Tanzania ascribed to either previous antifungal treatment, prophylaxis or triazoles use in agriculture. The use of azole based fungicides in the robust horticulture in Kenya is a significant risk factor for antifungal resistance. The study proposes to analyze environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger for the presence of resistance against the triazoles antifungals. Fungicide naïve soils were obtained from uncultivated virgin fields while fungicide experience soils were collected from flower, agricultural and horticultural fields and greenhouses within Naivasha sub-county and Nairobi County. The fungal isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility to triazoles using broth micro dilution method. A total of 492 samples were analyzed in Nairobi, 52 isolates were identified and they resistance were as follow: A. fumigatus (32%), A. niger (26.09%), A. flavus (33.33%) and A .terreus (0%) and in Naivasha 44 isolates were isolated out of which 25 were A. fumigatus and its resistance was at 36%. Data were analyses using student T test and showed they no different between resistant and susceptible isolates from the two location. Data generated will serve to inform on the current status of triazoles resistance pattern and to raise concern emerging antifungal resistance in clinical practice.
Production Fruitière De Quatre Essences Ligneuses Dans La Forêt De Nassou En Zone Soudanienne Du Bénin
Authors: Pierre Agbani Onodjè , Kisito Gandji , Frédéric Tovissodé , Hahn Karen , Brice Sinsin
Published: January 2018

Rural populations are closely dependent on plant resources for their daily needs. Fruit productivity of these species is an indicator of their economic potential and their capacity to regenerate. This is also fundamental to define sustainable management strategies of species. The present study assessed the fruits and seeds productivity of four forest species such as Vitex doniana, Afraegle paniculata, Diospyros mespiliformis and Kigelia africana according to the diameter class of trees. The study was carried out in the Nassou forest in soudanian zone of Benin. 09 to 90 trees belonging to four diameter classes (10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, and≥ 40 cm) were sampled for each species. The method used is the counting of fruits fallen under the tree through a periodic collection carried out every five days from the fructification to the end of the cycle and the fall of the last fruit. Seeds were then extracted from fruits. Generalized linear models of Poisson family were used to analyse data. Results revealed that the diameter class on the one hand influence significantly (Prob. ≤ 0.01) the production of fruits of K. africana and V. doniana, and on the other hand the production of seeds of A. paniculata, D. mespiliformis and V. doniana. Overall, fruits and seeds production is higher for the biggest tress (≥ 40 cm). Therefore, the diameter of the four studied species would be very useful for genetic improvement aiming the increasing of their productivity.
Los Sistemas Promediales. Una Articulación Conceptual Entre La Matemática Y La Física
Authors: Rondero-Guerrero Carlos , Crillo-Pérez Arturo , Noriega-Papaqui Roberto
Published: January 2018

In this paper we present an alternative analysis of some physical systems through averages. The average systems are defined, which are a clear example of the conceptual articulation between mathematics and physics, which is required to be explicit to foster their learning.
EFL Student-Teachers’ Identity Construction: A Case Study in Chile
Authors: Salinas Dánisa , Ayala Maximiliano
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study is to explore the process of professional identity construction of two English as a foreign language student-teachers from a sociocultural theoretical lens. A qualitative case study was conducted through personal narratives, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The results show that the process of student-teachers’ professional identity construction is unstable and dynamic, and is shaped by inter-related personal and external factors such as self-image, learning environment, and practicum experiences.
OPTIMASI PRODUKSI TUTUP BOTOL 500 ml PADA PROSES INJECTION MOULDING MENGGUNAKAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE
Authors: Putra Kurniawan Purnama , R. W. R. Koekoeh
Published: January 2018

Injection molding is one of the most common operations and versatile for mass production of complex plastic components. Injection molding is a process of plastic forming into a desired shape by means of pressing molten plastic into a space (cavity). Injection molding has a multi-step process, starting from inserting plastic pellets into the hopper, then plastic pellets into barrels / heating which makes the plastic material is melted. Melting plastic material is driven by the rotation of the screw, so that the flow to the nozzle, and then toward the sprue, runner, gate and into the cavity. Then the material present in the cavity will be retained within the mold under a certain pressure (holding pressure) to keep no shringkage when the product cooling process (cooling).The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimization of the cycle time and the percentage of production reject the bottle cap 500 ml in PT Berlina Tbk. The method used for this research is the method of response surface analysis, method surface respone is statistical and mathematical methods used to examine the relationship between one or more variables with the qualitative form of the response variables that aims to optimize and develop the response in an experiment. The data is optimized using Minitab software 16 produces an output response parameter setting optimization to inject pressure, nozzle temperature and cooling time. From the data analysis using the software Minitab 16 is obtained from the optimum situation results generated under conditions injection amounting to 1420 bar pressure; nozzle temperature at 264.7912 ° C; and the cooling time of 14.08 seconds. In this state of production can be increased by 10.836%. From the state of the optimum cycle time generated is 27.9161 seconds, net produced according to the standard that is 33.5820 grams and reject percentage the resulting is 11.11%. With a cycle time 27.9161 seconds with a net according to the standard and the percentage of rejects decreased 3.89%, the resulting product amounts to ± 15,517 /shift or up approximately 10.836%. The amount is based on the number of products produced in the cycle time previous of 30 seconds to produce ± 14,000 /shift.

Keywords: Injection moulding, box-benhken design, Response surface methodology
Poder, Gênero e Identidades: um novo momento no sindicalismo
Authors: Ostronoff Leonardo José
Published: January 2018

Os sindicatos são instituições repletas de relações de poder em seu interior. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a questão de gênero nessas instituições a partir da cultura de militância do sindicalismo brasileiro, ou seja, seus valores e costumes. Entende-se a existência de um habitus militante onde o preconceito contra as mulheres é estruturante, mas tem sido questionado pela ação dos coletivos feministas. Para observar essa problemática realizou-se durante dois anos um estudo de caso no Sindicato dos Químicos de São Paulo.
Reestruturação Produtiva e Divisão Sexual Do Trabalho na Agroindústria Canavieira
Authors: Guanais Juliana Biondi
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os motivos que levaram as trabalhadoras assalariadas rurais a serem progressivamente excluídas do trabalho no corte da cana na agroindústria canavieira brasileira. Historicamente as mulheres sempre foram empregadas para trabalhar como cortadoras de cana, mas sobretudo dos anos 2000 em diante – momento em que o setor sucroalcooleiro passou por um processo de reestruturação produtiva - parcela expressiva da força de trabalho feminina passou a perder seus postos de trabalho no setor em função dos novos critérios para o recrutamento e para a seleção dos trabalhadores.
Entrelaçamentos entre simbólico e imaginário: sacrifício ritual e simbolização do feminino
Authors: Abreu Marilande Martins
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo aborda os elos entre o simbólico e o imaginário a partir do sacrifício ritual, instituição que em correspondência com a estrutura social estabelece imagens míticas e rituais que superpõem homem, deus e o animal em dependência de uma forma específica de simbolização do feminino. Nessa simbolização, imagens do feminino se reproduzem numa dualidade na qual imagens míticas e rituais da mulher como mãe, origem da vida, se associam a imagens da mulher sensual, que em decorrência dos seus atributos sexuais é assimilada pela justaposição entre homem, deus e o animal.
Da “Cultura” do Marxismo a um Marxismo da Cultura: algumas notas sobre Pós-Modernismo e Utopia em Fredric Jameson
Authors: Pinheiro Hyury
Published: January 2018

Apresentam-se aspectos críticos da análise de Jameson sobre o pósmodernismo, a fim de apontá-la como resultante da tentativa teórica de considerar a cultura a partir de uma matriz marxista. Discute-se ainda o viés emancipatório dessa análise, que traz novidades teórico-práticas ao marxismo. Para isso, apresentase breve panorama do movimento teórico realizado dentro do marxismo que busca apreender a cultura como objeto. Na sequência, expõe-se em linhas gerais a noção crítica de Jameson sobre o pós-modernismo e o lugar da utopia, identificando sua originalidade e a proficuidade da teoria marxista em analisar a cultura.
Entrevista com Helena Hirata
Authors: Castro Bárbara Geraldo de , Roncato Mariana Shinohara
Published: January 2018

A recente passagem de Helena Hirata pelo Brasil foi marcada por sua participação em dois eventos sediados na Unicamp: o Colóquio Marx Engels e a ABET1 . Nestes dois momentos, no espaço de debates, apareceu uma certa disputa em torno das categorias de interseccionalidade e consubstancialidade, como uma reação às falas da pesquisadora. Quando demos início à organização do dossiê “Os trabalhos das mulheres” pensamos que ele poderia ser uma boa oportunidade para registrar esse esforço de reflexão, bem como retomar os caminhos teóricos que permitiram a sua realização.
Entrevista com Bridget Conor
Authors: Sousa Ana Paula
Published: January 2018

Professora do King’s College, de Londres, Bridget Conor é um nome proeminente nos estudos relativos ao trabalho no âmbito das chamadas indústrias culturais e criativas. Sua área de pesquisa congrega especialmente três áreas de estudo: produção cinematográfica, gênero e teoria crítica do trabalho criativo. Atualmente, seus focos principais, em termos de pesquisa, são o trabalho dos roteiristas do Reino Unidos e a desigualdade de gêneros dentro do mercado de trabalho nas indústrias criativas.
Um Sertão Chamado Brasil (Lima, 2013)
Authors: Lima Camila Teixeira
Published: January 2018

A discussão do sertão como uma espécie de metáfora do país é o que estrutura o livro Um Sertão Chamado Brasil, de Nísia Trindade Lima. Em sua segunda edição aumentada, publicada na coleção Pensamento Político-Social, consta um novo prefácio da autora e acréscimo de dois artigos: “Uma Brasiliana Médica: o Brasil central na expedição científica de Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna e na viagem ao Tocantins de Júlio Paternostro” e “Brasília: a capital do sertão”. Sua primeira edição, de 2003, foi publicada pela Editora Renan em parceria com Instituto Universitário de Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro. Nísia Trindade Lima é atualmente professora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde e pesquisadora da Casa Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz.
Em rota de colisão: Adorno, Marcuse e os Movimentos Estudantis
Authors: Lima Bruna Della Torre de Carvalho , Santos Eduardo Altheman Camargo
Published: January 2018

O artigo discute a relação entre Theodor W. Adorno e Herbert Marcuse, tendo como fio condutor seu diálogo em torno dos eventos políticos de 1968 e do movimento estudantil. Dado que são teóricos críticos geralmente considerados antitéticos quanto a essa questão, o artigo busca problematizar essa concepção dualista dos autores, recorrendo tanto à obra teórica quanto à correspondência, assim como a intervenções públicas de ambos.
The Power of Tolerance: A Debate (Wendy Brown & Rainer Forst, 2014)
Authors: Mario Camila Gonçalves de
Published: January 2018

Resenha de The Power of Tolerance: A Debate (Wendy Brown & Rainer Forst, 2014).
A mímesis do Quinteto Armorial: Uma busca pela autenticidade da música brasileira
Authors: Santos Nívea Lins dos
Published: January 2018

Este artigo teve por finalidade analisar, sob o conceito de mímesis, as referências artístico-culturais do grupo musical Quinteto Armorial e sua atuação em prol da construção de certa “autêntica música brasileira”, em meio à modernidade. Sob a orientação de Ariano Suassuna, a paisagem sonora do quinteto foi uma resposta a um determinado momento histórico brasileiro que parecia colocar em xeque perspectivas e práticas mais tradicionais sobre laços identitários (tanto nacional quanto nordestino). Sendo assim, buscou-se refletir como o grupo atuou mimeticamente tendo por cenário a relação entre tradição e modernidade no contexto brasileiro.
Novos paradigmas da produção musical independente no pós-internet
Authors: Gonçalves Renato
Published: January 2018

Resenha do livro de Thiago Galletta, “Cena musical paulistana dos anos 2010: a “música brasileira” depois da internet”.
Impact of eight closures in controlled industrial conditions on the shelf life of two (red and rosé) wines
Authors: Vidal Jean-Claude , Caillé Soline , Samson Alain , Salmon Jean-Michel
Published: January 2018

Aims: The management of O2, CO2 and SO2 at bottling and the choice of closure are two key factors of the shelf life of bottled wines before bringing them to market. The impact of eight closures (four screw caps, two synthetic stoppers and two technical stoppers) was evaluated on a red Merlot/Tannat wine. The results of a rosé wine are also discussed.Methods and results: Analytical monitoring (O2, CO2, SO2, aphrometric pressure, L*, a*, b*) was carried out over 538 days of storage at 20°C, along with two sensory analyses at 10 and 17 months. The average wine total O2 content at the time of bottling was 2 mg/L. Intra- and inter-procedure variability was controlled, including for dissolved CO2 content.Conclusion: Unlike closures with the highest Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR), the two technical stoppers and the two screw caps with Saranex seal, harboring the lowest OTR, matched with the wines exhibiting a low total O2 content at equilibrium (from 4 to 18 months after bottling), with more free SO2 and less color change. However, the OTR gradient (5 to 67 µg/d) observed through the physicochemical analyses was not necessarily confirmed by the two sensory analyses.Significance and impact of the study: This study puts into perspective the impact of closure OTR on the sensory characteristics evolution of wine consumed within the first two years, especially when total O2 at bottling exceeds 1.5 mg/L.
Biological parameters of Xylotrechus arvicola females, an insect pest in Iberian Peninsula vineyards
Authors: Rodríguez-González Álvaro , Mayo Sara , González-López Óscar , Peláez Horacio José , Casquero Pedro Antonio
Published: January 2018

Aims: Xylotrechus arvicola is an important pest in vineyards of the Iberian Peninsula. The action of X. arvicola larvae, associated to the spread of fungi, causes direct and indirect damage in the vineyard. Biological parameters from wild (captured in the field) and laboratory females (reared in the laboratory) were investigated to provide more information about the pest-control measures.Methods and results: The pre-laying period, post-laying period, longevity and egg laying parameters (fecundity, viability and number) were evaluated in wild and laboratory females. Both female groups (wild and laboratory) needed a short pre-laying period, which was longer in wild females. Laboratory females, whose larvae were reared on artificial diet, had the greatest fecundity during the 1st two egg layings. Wild females showed the greatest fecundity and viability of eggs during the 1st egg laying; these fecundity and viability rates decreased over time with the next egg layings, whereas in laboratory females, fecundity and viability decreased faster. Wild females had the greatest percentage of viable eggs in the 1st six egg layings (44.11% in the 1st and 11.15% in the 6th), reaching a maximum number of 18 egg layings in laboratory.Conclusions: These results suggest that the diet satisfies larval nutritional requirements, increasing production of laboratory females´ eggs (greatest fecundity in the 1st two egg layings). Nevertheless, this artificial diet may lack certain essential nutrients that would increase the viability of eggs.Significance and impact of the study: The host, a woody plant, would provide these essential nutrients when the larvae of wild females are developing in the field, these wild females being able to perform successive egg layings in laboratory with a high viability of eggs.
Effects of liming on soil properties, leaf tissue cation composition and grape yield in a moderately acid vineyard soil. Influence on must and wine quality
Authors: QUIROGA Miguel Javier , OLEGO Miguel Ángel , SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA Mario , MEDINA Jesús Esteban , VISCONTI Fernando , COQUE Juan José Rubio , GARZÓN JIMENO José Enrique
Published: January 2018

Aims: Soil acidity decreases soil fertility and grapevine growth. Aluminum toxicity has been recognized as one of the most common causes of reduced grape yields in acid vineyard soils. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two liming materials, i.e. dolomitic lime and sugar foam, on a vineyard cultivated in an acid soil.Methods and results: The effects were studied in two soil layers (0-30 and 30-60 cm), as well as on leaf nutrient contents, grape yield, and must and wine quality properties, in a vineyard dedicated to Vitis vinifera L. cv. Mencía cultivation. The data management and analysis were carried out using ANOVA.Conclusion: Sugar foam was more efficient than dolomitic limestone as liming material since it induced the highest decrease in soil acidity properties at the same calcium carbonate equivalent dose. Effects of liming on leaf nutrient contents, grape yield, and must and wine quality properties were barely observed.Significance and impact of the study: Until recently, little was known about the effects of liming on both vine nutritional status and must/wine quality properties. Thus, this research fills an important knowledge gap.
IDEOLOGI CINTA DALAM CERPEN “DALAM PERJAMUAN CINTA” KARYA TAUFIK AL-HAKIM BERDASARKAN PRESPEKTIF STRUKTURALISME GENETIK
Authors: Basid Abdul , Firdaus Imaduddin Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Cerpen Dalam Perjamuan Cinta karya Taufik Al-Hakim merupakan cerpen filosofis yang merepresentasikan ideologi-ideologi cinta yang disampaikan dengan gaya bahasa yang indah dan struktur kalimat yang menarik. Ideologi cinta dalam cerpen tersebut diikonstruksikan sebagai mediator yang membentuk relevansi antara struktur karya sastra dan struktur masyarakat sesungguhnya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode deskriptif yang menguraikan bentuk-bentuk teks secara interpretatif. Peneliti memanfaatkan teori struturalisme genetik Lucian Goldmann dengan pemaparan lima konsep utama antara lain; fakta-fakta kemanusiaan, subjek kolektif, pandangan dunia pengarang, strukturasi karya sastra, dan dialektika pemahaman-penjelasan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan lima pembahasan utama antara lain: 1) cerpen karya Taufik Al-Hakim ini mengandung dua fakta kemanusiaan yang menjadi pokok terbentuknya ideologi yaitu: a) fakta kemanusiaan kultural yang berada pada permulaan cerita berupa gejolak perasaan cinta yang muncul dari hati para pemuda untuk memiliki gadis tersebut; b) fakta kemanusiaan kultural yang berupa ide atau gagasan dasar yang muncul dari pemikiran gadis berparas cantik, yaitu ide tentang cinta; 2) dalam cerpen tersebut, secara umum tampak menggambarkan representasi dua kelompok besar yang saling beradu argumen. Dua kelompok tersebut adalah kelompok perempuan yang notabennya layaknya kelompok atas (superior) yang tidak mau dikalahkan dan kelompok pemuda yang dalam cerpen memainkan peran inferior; 3) cerpen ini bertolak dari postulasi pandangan dunia mengenai keegoisan dan kemisteriusan kaum perempuan terhadap sesuatu khususnya dalam cerpen digambarkan dengan manifestasi sikap mengenai cinta; 4) relasi antara tokoh dengan tokoh, tokoh dengan objek atau dunia, digambarkan secara implisit yang dapat diamati melalui kontak interaksi antar tokoh dengan objek yang dibahas di awal cerpen yaitu cinta; dan 5) dialektika yang terbentuk dalam cerpen bergerak dari postulasi pandangan dunia mengenai keegoisan dan kemisteriusan kaum perempuan terhadap sesuatu. Pandangan dunia ini digunakan untuk mengurai dan menganalisis struktur karya sastra dengan struktur masyarakat serta dipersepsi sebagai struktur karya sastra yang mengikat unit-unit struktur lebih kecil yang membangun karya sastra.
Quantifying Expected Uncertainty Reduction and Value of Information Using Ensemble-Variance Analysis
Authors: He Jincong , Sarma Pallav , Bhark Eric , Tanaka Shusei , Chen Bailian , Wen Xian-Huan , Kamath Jairam
Published: January 2018

Data-acquisition programs, such as surveillance and pilots, play an important role in minimizing subsurface risks and improving decision quality for reservoir management. For design optimization and investment justification of these programs, it is crucial to be able to quantify the expected uncertainty reduction and the value of information (VOI) attainable from a given design. This problem is challenging because the data from the acquisition program are uncertain at the time of the analysis. In this paper, a method called ensemble-variance analysis (EVA) is proposed. Derived from a multivariate Gaussian assumption between the observation data and the objective function, the EVA method quantifies the expected uncertainty reduction from covariance information that is estimated from an ensemble of simulations. The result of EVA can then be used with a decision tree to quantify the VOI of a given data-acquisition program.

The proposed method has several novel features compared with existing methods. First, the EVA method directly considers the data/objective-function relationship. Therefore, it can handle nonlinear forward models and an arbitrary number of parameters. Second, for cases when the multivariate Gaussian assumption between the data and objective function does not hold, the EVA method still provides a lower bound on expected uncertainty reduction, which can be useful in providing a conservative estimate of the surveillance/pilot performance. Finally, EVA also provides an estimate of the shift in the mean of the objective-function distribution, which is crucial for VOI calculation. In this paper, the EVA work flow for expected-uncertainty-reduction quantification is described. The result from EVA is benchmarked with recently proposed rigorous sampling methods, and the capacity of the method for VOI quantification is demonstrated for a pilot-analysis problem using a field-scale reservoir model.
Transient-Inflow-Performance Modeling From Analytic Line-Source Solutions for Arbitrary-Trajectory Wells
Authors: Hazlett R. D. , Babu D. K.
Published: January 2018

We present two easily computable, equally valid, semianalytic, single-phase, constant-rate solutions to the diffusivity equation for an arbitrarily oriented uniform-flux line source in a 3D, anisotropic, bounded system in Cartesian coordinates. With the addition of superposition, these become inflow solutions for wells of arbitrary trajectory. In addition, we produce analytic time derivatives for pressure-transient analyses (PTAs) of complex wells. If we extract solution components for 2D systems from the general solution, we can construct discrete complex-fracture-inflow and PTA capability for vertical, fully penetrating fractures, suitable for use as the basis solution in modeling complex phenomena, such as pressure-constrained production or development of fracture interference. For a 3D slanted well, the full characterization of dimensionless pressure over 10 decades of dimensionless time behavior can be produced in 1.5 seconds. With a fast-computing analytic solution for pressure anywhere in the system, we can also produce dense pressure maps at scalable resolution where any point could represent an observation well for convolution and enhanced interpretation. Likewise, the pressure derivative and the slope of the logarithmic temporal derivative of pressure can be mapped throughout to indicate local flow regime in a complex system. In particular, we compare and contrast the PTA signatures from symmetrical and asymmetrical horizontal, slanted, and diagonal line sources and examine when the behavior of a thin 3D reservoir collapses to the equivalent of a 2D fully penetrating fracture. Once the reservoir-thickness/length ratio reaches 1:100, all wells with the same projection onto the x–y plane are indistinguishable except for very early time, probably masked by wellbore/fracture-storage effects.
Hydraulic Fracture Height Growth Under the Combined Influence of Stress Barriers and Natural Fractures
Authors: Huang Jixiang , Morris Joseph P. , Fu Pengcheng , Settgast Randolph R. , Sherman Christopher S. , Ryerson Fredrick J.
Published: January 2018

Fracture height control is an important concern in stimulation design. Existing knowledge of interaction mechanisms between hydraulic fractures, natural fractures, and source rock fabric has been largely obtained from 2D or pseudo-3D models. The recent advances in full-3D hydraulic fracture modeling capabilities reveal previously-unknown 3D interaction mechanisms on fracture height growth. A fully coupled finite element/finite volume code is used for modeling 3D hydraulically driven fractures with arbitrary geometries under the influence of natural fractures and stress barriers. Both hydraulic fractures and natural fractures are represented in a unified framework by split interfaces between solid elements that represent the rock continuum. Fracture flow elements and frictional contacts are deployed along the split interface, generating fluid pressure and contact stress applied to the rock faces on both sides as traction boundary conditions. Fracture dilation/propagation/sliding and the resultant stress alteration are natural outcomes of the model.

The current study focuses on the influence of strong variations in closure stress interacting with natural fractures upon hydraulic fracture propagation. We observe that the slipping of a natural fracture, triggered by elevated fluid pressure from an intersecting hydraulic fracture, can induce both increases and decreases of normal stress in the minimum horizontal stress direction, toward the center and tip of the natural fracture respectively. Consequently, we expect that natural fractures can both encourage and inhibit the progress of hydraulic fractures propagating through stress barriers, depending upon the relative locations between the intersecting fractures. Once the hydraulic fracture propagates above the stress barrier through the weaken segment near a favorably located natural fracture, a configuration consisting of two opposing fractures cutting the stress barrier from above and below forms. The fluid pressure required to break the stress barrier under such opposing-fracture configuration is substantially lower than that required by a fracture penetrating the same barrier from one side. Sensitivity studies of geologic conditions and operational parameters have also been performed to explore the feasibility of controlled fracture height. We demonstrate that the interactions between hydraulic fractures, natural fractures, and geologic factors such as stress barriers in 3D are much more complex than in 2D. Although it is impossible for a specific study to exhaust all the possible configurations, we demonstrate the ability of a 3D, fully coupled numerical model to naturally capture these processes.
Benchmark Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Interaction with Pre-Existing Fractures: Impact on Fracture Geometry, Proppant Distribution and Microseismic Response
Authors: Maxwell S. C. , Hazzard J. , Pettitt W.
Published: January 2018

A modeling exercise was performed investigating hydraulic fracture interaction with pre-existing fractures, based on a benchmark modeling exercise lead by ARMA (American Rock Mechanics Association). The modeled scenarios are based on interaction with two existing faults under different geomechanical conditions. Simulations were performed with a coupled hydraulic-geomechanical-seismological, discrete-element model. The results show that the hydraulic fracture aperture is restricted at the intersection with the faults, to a degree depending on the slip induced on the fault. The aperture restriction was found to also limit the extent of the proppant distribution. In scenarios with relatively more slip, the fault activation was found to occur above and below the injection layer and resulted in some hydraulic fracture height growth relative to the depth contained fracture occurring without fault activation. As expected, the fault slip and intensity of associated microseismicity is related to the geomechanical prepotency for slip. Fractures oriented at 30° to the hydraulic fracture and maximum principal stress direction, resulted in the largest microseismic magnitude and significant hydraulic fracture restriction at the fault intersection. With increasing angle, the magnitude decreased and the hydraulic fracture had a larger half-length. Increasing the differential stress resulted in increased magnitudes and decreased fracture half-length, as did the case of a weaker fault. The study demonstrates through a numerical-physics simulation how a hydraulic fracture system behalves as it interacts with a pre-existing fracture under various geomechanical conditions.
Mining the Bakken II – Pushing the Envelope with Extreme Limited Entry Perforating
Authors: Weddle Paul , Griffin Larry , Pearson C. Mark
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the continuing evolution of our Bakken advanced completion design with the added enhancement of Extreme Limited Entry (XLE) perforating. With this cost-effective XLE strategy, we are consistently stimulating more than eleven perforation clusters per stage. Confirmation of this high number of active clusters, or fracture initiation points, has been directly measured with radioactive tracers and fiber optic diagnostics, and more importantly, is validated through improved production relative to offset completions. The goal of this strategy is to consistently and confidently drive a high number of clusters per stage, ultimately increasing capital efficiency by right sizing the cluster and stage count per well.

Practically, the number of stages for a 9,500-ft. lateral is limited to 40 or 50 stages in the Bakken due to operational and cost limits. We believe the published trends on stage count are fundamentally linked to the number of active clusters per stage or fracture initiation points, and by driving significantly more active clusters per stage with XLE perforating in combination with previously presented High Density Perforating (HDP), we now have proven the ability to reduce stage count without sacrificing performance.

Liberty now incorporates XLE as a key design technique to successfully stimulate 15 clusters per stage. Production performance is encouraging and post frac fiber optic diagnostics support prior radioactive proppant tracer data in showing that over 11 of the 15 clusters shot can be stimulated with slickwater at 80 bpm. XLE operational considerations for frac plug ratings, oriented perforating, even-hole perforating charges, variable pipe friction and a review of existing papers on limited entry are included as well.

Limited entry perforating has been around for over 50 years; however, its effectiveness has been limited in the horizontal revolution due to insufficient perforation friction relative to the variability in stress and near-wellbore tortuosity found within a stage. This paper presents the improved results for specifically designing perforations and stimulation injection rates to achieve diversion to almost all 15 perforation clusters per stage. For this paper, we define XLE as completion designs with perforation friction exceeding 2,000 psi. Since the beginning of 2015 we have reduced our standard stage count from 50 down to 27, for a 9,500-ft lateral, while continuing to significantly outperform offset operators. When it comes to value creation, the cost per barrel of oil produced is a critical metric to assess development opportunities and achieving the same or increased oil production with less capital has led to significant gains in capital efficiency.