bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedentes dos cursos superiores em Administração brasileiros: as escolas de Comércio e o curso superior em Administração e Finanças
Authors: Barros Amon
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma narrativa histórica sobre o desenvolvimento das escolas de Comércio e, posteriormente, do curso superior em Administração e Finanças no Brasil. O estudo derivou de outro trabalho que buscava as origens do curso de Administração da Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FACE/UFMG) e que indicou a importância das escolas de Comércio e do curso superior em Administração e Finanças não apenas para essa faculdade. Foram pesquisados artigos que tratam desses estabelecimentos e desses cursos, bem como elementos da legislação pertinente a ambos. A partir da análise histórica, delineia-se um panorama da estrutura educacional estabelecida no país no período que antecede os primeiros cursos superiores em Administração, criados em 1952. Conclui-se o trabalho reiterando a importância de conhecer as instituições que preexistiram ao Ensino Superior em Administração e apontando a relevância de aprofundar as discussões acerca das formas de transmissão e produção de saberes administrativos no Brasil.
Crescimento e produção do meloeiro cultivado sob diferentes níveis de salinidade e nitrogênio
Authors: Freitas Ludimilla D. A. , Figueirêdo Vladimir B. , Porto Filho Francisco de Q. , Costa Jessyka C. da , Cunha Emanoela M. da
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Com o objetivo de analisar o crescimento e a produção do melão Orange Flesh cultivado sob diferentes níveis de salinidade e nitrogênio, foi realizado um experimento na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (5o03’37” S e 37o23’50” W Gr), Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e três níveis de nitrogênio. O crescimento do meloeiro foi analisado aos 23, 31, 41, 50, e 64 dias após o transplantio (DAT), através da área foliar (AF), massa seca das folhas (MSF), do caule (MSC) e dos frutos (MSFR), número de folhas (NF) e massa seca total (MST). A produção do meloeiro foi analisada pelo peso médio dos frutos comercial (PMC), dos frutos total (PMT), produção comercial (PRC) e produção total (PRT). Não houve efeito significativo para o MSC, MSFR e NF. Aos 31, 41, 50 e 64 DAT houve diferença significativa da salinidade para as variáveis AF, MSF e MST. Houve efeito significativo para o PMC, PMT, PRT e PRC. O PRT e PRC teve decréscimos de 4,241 e 3,927 Mg ha-1 por acréscimo unitária da condutividade na água de irrigação, respectivamente. O crescimento e a produção do melão Orange Flesh não foram afetados pelos níveis de nitrogênio.
Alocação de íons e crescimento de plantas de cajueiro anão-precoce irrigadas com água salina no campo
Authors: Araújo Laíse F. de , Lima Reivany E. M. , Costa Léa de O. da , Silveira Ênio M. de C. , Bezerra Marlos A.
Published: March 2017

RESUMO São escassos estudos com salinidade em plantas adultas de cajueiro, dessa forma objetivou-se avaliar a acumulação de íons e o crescimento de plantas de cajueiro anão-precoce irrigadas com água salina. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, em Pacajus, CE. Durante treze meses plantas do clone CCP 06 foram irrigadas com soluções salinas de diferentes condutividades elétricas (0,4; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1), com os tratamentos dispostos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A irrigação foi feita por microaspersores e ao final as plantas foram coletadas e fracionadas em raízes absorventes (finas) e de sustentação (grossas), caule + ramos e folhas, para determinação dos teores de Na e Cl nesses órgãos, da área foliar e da massa da matéria seca dos órgãos aéreos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão pelo programa ASSISTAT. Para as variáveis Na no caule e na folha, houve efeito significativo entre os níveis de salinidade aplicados, apresentando médias de 3,0 e 6,0 mg g-1 MS para a maior condutividade elétrica, respectivamente. Para o Cl, diferenças foram observadas somente para as raízes de sustentação, com uma média de 4,8 mg g-1 MS para a salinidade de 6,0 dS m-1. Entretanto, o acúmulo de sais nos órgãos das plantas não foi suficiente para afetar as variáveis de crescimento estudadas no cajueiro anão-precoce, bem como não foi verificado danos visuais.
Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated with low friction ligatures
Authors: KOIKE Fernando , MARUO Hiroshi , LACERDA-SANTOS Rogério , PITHON Matheus Melo , TANAKA Orlando Motohiro
Published: March 2017

Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the mechanical properties of orthodontic wires on ceramic brackets associated the ligatures. Objective This study aimed to compare the load-deflection of orthodontic wires with round section of 0.016” made of stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRPC). Material and method Sixty specimens obtained from 10 sectioned pre-contoured arches (TP Orthodontics), were divided into 3 groups of 20 according to each type of material (1 esthetic-type wire and 2 not esthetic) and length of 50 mm. The methodology consisted of a 3-point bending test using esthetic ceramic brackets (INVU, TP Orthodontics, Edgewise, 0.022”x 0.025”) as points of support. The tensile tests were performed on a mechanical test machine, at a speed of 10 mm/min, deflection of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. Friedman’s Non Parametric Multiple comparisons test was used (P<0.05). Result The nickel-titanium wire presented smaller load/ deflection compared with stainless steel. GFRPC wires had lower strength values among all groups evaluated (P<.05). The steel wire showed permanent deformation after 3 mm deflection, NiTi wire demonstrated memory effect and the esthetic type had fractures with loss of strength. Conclusion It can be concluded that steel wires have high strength values, requiring the incorporation of loops and folds to reduce the load / deflection. NiTi and GFRPC wires produced low levels of force, however the esthetic wire was shown to fracture and break.
Resposta de híbridos de milho ao uso de piraclostrobina na ausência de doenças
Authors: Schumacher Pedro Vitor , Rossato Marieli , Costa Netto Antônio Paulino da , D’Abadia Ana Claudia Alves , Reis Edesio Filaho dos
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: Objetivando-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina em diferentes épocas e combinações de aplicação em dois híbridos simples de milho cultivados na safra de verão, realizou-se um experimento no município de Jataí, Goiás. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 2 x 9 (híbridos x aplicações de piraclostrobina), com 4 repetições. As aplicações foram realizadas em diferentes combinações de fungicidas: presença ou ausência de piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico + fipronil (100 g i.a.100 kg semente-1) no tratamento de sementes (V0) combinado com a aplicação de piraclostrobina (150 g i.a.ha-1) antes ou após a adubação de cobertura (V4 ou V6) combinado ou não com a aplicação de piraclostrobina + ciproconazole (137,25 g i.a.ha-1) em pré-pendoamento (VT) e uma testemunha (sem uso de piraclostrobina). Foram avaliados: atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato, índice de clorofila, altura de plantas, altura de inserção de espiga, diâmetro de colmo, porcentagem de folhas senescentes, severidade de Puccinia polysora Underw, massa de mil grãos, densidade e produtividade de grãos. Submeteram-se os dados ao teste F para verificação de significância; e para comparação de médias utilizou-se o teste de Tukey, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. Para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados observou-se diferença entre híbridos. Não foi observado efeito das aplicações de piraclostrobina e interação entre os fatores em questão. Conclui-se que não há efeito benéfico ou deletério da aplicação de piraclostrobina em diferentes épocas e combinações de aplicação sobre os dois híbridos simples de milho cultivados na safra de verão.
A new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata (Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) species group from the río Orinoco basin, Venezuela
Authors: Peixoto Luiz A. W. , Waltz Brandon T.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT A new species of the Eigenmannia trilineata species group is described from the río Orinoco basin, Venezuela. The new species is distinguished from congeners by a unique set of characters including an ossified basibranchial 1; 198-217 anal-fin rays; suborbital depth, 21.3-26.1% HL; length of anterodorsal process of maxilla equal to the width of the posterior nostril; premaxilla with 17 teeth distributed in three rows; hyaline pectoral and anal fins; and number of scale series above lateral line, 9-10. It raises the number of species allocated to the Eigenmannia trilineata species group to 13 and the number of species within the genus to 18.
Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types
Authors: Ferraris Jr Carl J. , de Santana Carlos David , Vari Richard P.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT A list of all valid names of species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) is presented herein. The list is arranged by family and genus and includes all available synonyms. The list is comprehensive through 2016 and includes 240 valid species distributed among 34 genera and five families, including one monotypic genus known only from the fossil record. The presented classification reflects recently published interpretations about the validity of the included names which, in general, are widely accepted. When the validity of a particular name is disputed in recent literature, we followed one of the published interpretations and provide relevant information on the alternate interpretation(s) in the remarks section of that name. Synonymies of some names need to be considered tentative, inasmuch as the types underlying those names are either absent or appear to be based on more than one taxon. First reviser actions (e.g., lectotype and neotype designations, resolution of simultaneous synonyms, etc.) are reported and include erroneous subsequent attempts at problem resolutions. Herein, we include one new first reviser action by selecting Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, as type species of Sternopygus because previous attempts to select a type did not follow the provisions of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
Unexpectedly high diversity in a small basin: A taxonomic revision of Eurycheilichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with descriptions of seven new species
Authors: Reis Roberto E.
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision of Eurycheilichthys is provided, and seven new species are described in addition to the two previously known species in this genus: E. pantherinus from the upper rio Uruguay, and E. limulus from the upper rio Jacuí. The genus is diagnosed based on the uniquely derived presence of seven branched pectoral-fin rays, and on the possession of reduced filamentous gill rakers in the oral surface of the hyobranchial skeleton, and presence of a distinct fleshy flap along the posterodorsal margin of the pectoral-fin spine in adult males. The seven new species are described from tributaries to the rio Taquari basin, itself a tributary to the rio Jacuí in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The new species are diagnosed based on color variation, abdominal plate morphology, lip size, parieto-supraoccipital shape, the number of dermal plates, the number of teeth, and body proportions. The high diversity and degree of species endemism in a limited area are discussed and compared to other fish groups. Genetic sequences (GenSeq) of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, distribution maps, an identification key, and illustrations are presented for all species.
Natural variability in Arabidopsis thaliana germplasm response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Carmo Lílian S.T. , Cândido Elizabete S. , Campos Pollyanna F. , Quezado-Duval Alice Maria , Leonardecz Eduardo , Lopes Carlos A. , Quirino Betania F.
Published: March 2017

This work aimed to study the interaction between the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen responsible for black rot of crucifers. The response of 32 accessions of A. thaliana to the Brazilian isolate of Xcc CNPH 17 was evaluated. No immunity-like response was observed. "CS1308", "CS1566" and "CS1643" grown in continuous light were among the accessions that showed strongest resistance when inoculated with 5 x 10(6) CFU/mL. In contrast, "CS1194" and "CS1492" were among the most susceptible accessions. Similar results were obtained when plants were grown under short-day conditions. To quantify the differences in disease symptoms, total chlorophyll was extracted from contrasting accessions at different time points after inoculation. Chlorophyll levels from controls and Xcc inoculated plants showed a similar reduction in resistant accessions, whereas Xcc-inoculated susceptible accessions showed a greater reduction compared to controls. To test the specificity of resistance, accessions CS1308, CS1566, CS1643 and CS1438 (which showed partial resistance to CNPH 17), were inoculated with a more aggressive isolate of Xcc (CNPH 77) and Ralstonia solanacearum. Among the accessions tested, "CS1566" was the most resistant to Xcc CNPH 77 and also displayed resistance to R. solanacearum. Accessions CS1308, CS1566 and CS1643 were also inoculated with a high titer of Xcc CNPH 17 (5 x 10(8) CFU/mL). No collapse of tissue was observed up to 48 h after inoculation, indicating that a hypersensitive response is not involved in the resistance displayed by these accessions.
Tristeza Parasitária em bovinos do semiárido pernambucano
Authors: Santos Grace B. , Gomes Iara M.M. , Silveira Júlia A.G. , Pires Larissa C.S.R. , Azevedo Sérgio S. , Antonelli Alexandre C. , Ribeiro Múcio F.B. , Horta Mauricio C.
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou determinar a soroprevalência da Babesiose e Anaplasmose em bovinos dos municípios de Ouricuri e Petrolina, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil; e definir os possíveis fatores de risco para a ocorrência dessas doenças. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para realização de teste sorológico por Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Questionários epidemiológicos sanitários foram aplicados aos produtores com o objetivo de identificar possíveis fatores de risco. Carrapatos foram coletados, identificados e testados por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para o diagnóstico da infecção por Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina e Babaesia bovis. O estudo foi conduzido com 861 bovinos, sendo 468 de Petrolina e 393 de Ouricuri. A soroprevalência de A. marginale, B. bigemina e B. bovis em Petrolina foi de 35,0% (164/468), 35,9% (168/468) e 32,3% (151/468), respectivamente; e em Ouricuri foi de 45,5% (179/393), 38,6% (152/393) e 54,9% (216/393), respectivamente. A co-infecção por Anaplasma spp. e Babesia spp. foi observada em 31,6% e 32,1% de amostras de Petrolina e Ouricuri, respectivamente. A detecção de DNA de Babesia spp. por PCR foi possível em 5,8% (8/137) carrapatos, dos quais em 62,5 % (5/8) foi detectada posteriormente infecção por B. bovis, e em 23,3% (32/137) por A. marginale. A presença de carrapatos, o uso de acaricidas, idade, raça, e o município de residência dos animais foram identificados como fatores de risco para TPB pela análise univariável e multivariável. Este estudo permitiu caracterizar os municípios estudados como de instabilidade enzoótica para esses hemoparasitos, e consequentemente, alertar para adoção de medidas adequadas de controle e realização de novos estudos.
Immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)
Authors: Domenico Janine Di , Canova Raíssa , Soveral Lucas de Figueiredo , Nied Cristian O. , Costa Márcio Machado , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz Carlos
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: The immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan were evaluated in silver catfish. β-glucan was added to the diet (0.01%, and 0.1%) and fed to the fish for 21 days, to evaluate effects on blood and some innate immune parameter, or fed for 42 days, to evaluate growth rate and resistance to challenge with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. We found that adding β-glucan to the diet had no effect on fish growth and no effect on blood cells, or serum bacterial agglutination and serum myeloperoxidase activity. However, fish that received β-glucan in the diet had the natural hemolytic activity of complement significantly higher compared to control fish. Furthermore, fish fed with β-glucan and challenged with A. hydrophila had fewer bacteria in blood and presented a significantly higher survival rate compared to control fish. Thus, we concluded that β-glucan might be explored as feed additive aiming to improve silver catfish innate immunity and resistance to specific pathogen.
Estudo comparativo da resistência mecânica da força de compressão entre biomateriais naturais, sintéticos e mistos
Authors: Catello Josimar Del C. , Dória Renata G.S. , Fantinato Neto Paulo , Camargo Lázaro M. , Chimano Antônio C. , Yamauchi Kelly C.I. , Ambrosio Carlos E. , Freitas Silvio H.
Published: March 2017

RESUMO: As afecções ortopédicas com perda de tecido ósseo são um desafio tanto na medicina veterinária quanto na medicina humana. Portanto, não é raro ortopedistas se depararem com fraturas cominutivas irredutíveis de ossos longos, neoplasias ósseas ou não-uniões, que necessitam de procedimentos cirúrgicos reparadores, por meio da substituição de segmento ou preenchimento de falha óssea com o uso de biomateriais. Pretende-se com esta pesquisa avaliar e comparar a resistência mecânica entre biomateriais naturais, sintéticos e mistos. Foram utilizados sete grupos experimentais compostos por seis corpos de provas cada: Grupo 1 , tecido ósseo cortical de coelho (OSSO - controle); Grupo 2, cimento ósseo (CO); Grupo 3, cimento ósseo autoclavado (COA); Grupo 4, cimento ósseo e macrofragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMaFO); Grupo 5, cimento ósseo e macrofragmento ósseo autoclavado de cortical de cão (COMaFOA); Grupo 6, cimento ósseo e microfragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMiFO) e Grupo 7, cimento ósseo e microfragmento ósseo cortical de cão (COMiFOA). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de compressão axial controlada em máquina universal de ensaio Emic®. O teste era interrompido quando ocorria queda brusca na curva do gráfico indicando falência da amostra. Em relação à Força máxima, os grupos COA, COMaFOA e COMiFOA não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COMaFO e COMiFO diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Quanto a rigidez relativa, os grupos COMaFOA e COMiFOA não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COA, COMaFO e COMiFO diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Comparando a deformação, os grupos COMaFo, COMaFOA e COMiFO não diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p>0,01). Já os grupos CO, COA e COMiFOA diferiram estatisticamente do grupo controle (OSSO; p<0,01). Conclui-se que apenas os grupos COMaFOA e COMiFOA apresentaram propriedades mecânicas muito semelhantes às do grupo controle (OSSO). Por isso, devido a essas características, esses dois biomateriais (COMaFOA e COMiFOA) seriam os mais indicados como substitutos na reparação de falhas ósseas.
A percepção da mudança: os registros na cidade de Goiás
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Mara Vaz de
Published: March 2017

Este artigo discute a relação existente entre acontecimento e indivíduo, na perspectiva de uma história das sensibilidades. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as expressões a respeito dos fatos ajudam a elucidá-los. O acontecimento eleito é a transferência da capital goiana, na década de 1930, avaliado a partir das manifestações dos moradores da antiga sede administrativa, registradas nos periódicos de circulação local. A mudança do centro de poder da Cidade de Goiás para Goiânia provoca reações aos destituídos dessa condição, que demonstram o ressentimento pela perda, mas também resignação e otimismo pela criação de alternativas ao desfecho consolidado. Diante de tais registros, verifica-se a forma urbana da Cidade de Goiás como elemento de confrontação às percepções expostas.
Health promotion in school environment in Brazil
Authors: Horta Rogério Lessa , Andersen Cristine Scattolin , Pinto Raquel Oliveira , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Oliveira-Campos Maryane , Andreazzi Marco Antonio Ratzsch de , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the school environments to which ninth-year students are exposed in Brazil and in the five regions of the country according to health promotion guidelines. METHODS Cross-sectional study from 2012, with a representative sample of Brazil and its macroregions. We interviewed ninth-year schoolchildren and managers of public and private schools. We proposed a score of health promotion in the school environment (EPSAE) and estimated the distribution of school members according to this score. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used, by ordinal regression, to determine the schoolchildren and schools with higher scores, according to the independent variables. RESULTS A student is more likely to attend a school with a higher EPSAE in the South (OR = 2.80; 95%CI 2.67–2.93) if the school is private (OR = 4.52; 95%CI 4.25–4.81) and located in a state capital, as well as if the student is 15 years of age or older, has a paid job, or has parents with higher education. CONCLUSIONS The inequalities among the country’s regions and schools are significant, demonstrating the need for resources and actions that promote greater equity.
A geomechanical model for gas hydrate-bearing sediments
Authors: Gai Xuerui , Sánchez Marcelo
Published: March 2017

Gas hydrate-bearing sediments are generally present in marine continental margins and permafrost sediments worldwide. Methane release from gas hydrate-bearing sediments may have a negative impact on greenhouse effects. Furthermore, methane hydrate deposits can lead to large-scale submarine slope failures, blowouts, platform foundation failures and borehole instability. Gas hydrates also constitute an attractive source of energy as they are estimated to contain very large reserves of methane. This paper presents a constitutive model to simulate the mechanical behaviour of methane hydrate-bearing soils based on the concept of an hierarchical single-surface (Hiss) framework. The core of the proposed model includes the Hiss critical-state framework, subloading concepts and hydrate enhancement factors. The performance of the model was found to be very satisfactory when compared against experimental data from triaxial tests based on natural and synthesised core samples involving different hydrate saturations, hydrate morphology and confinements.
tRNA Knock-Down in Mammalian Cells using Short Hairpin RNAs v1
Authors: Kirchner Sebastian , Robert Rauscher not provided , Andreas Czech not provided , Zoya Ignatova not provided
Published: March 2017

This protocol describes the knock-down of specific tRNA(s) in mammalian cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based RNA interference (RNAi). We have used this method successfully to silence specific tRNAs in in HeLa1 and N2a cells2. References 1. Kirchner et al. Alteration of Protein Function by a Silent Polymorphism Linked to tRNA Abundance. PLoS Biology. 2017, in press. 2. Girstmair et al. Depletion of Cognate Charged Transfer RNA Causes Translational Frameshifting within the Expanded CAG Stretch in Huntingtin. Cell Reports. 2013, 3(1):148-59. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.019
Identifying the Relevance of Research Goals through Collecting Citizens’ Voices on Social Media
Authors: Cabré-Olivé Joan , Flecha-García Ramon , Ionescu Vladia , Pulido Cristina , Sordé-Martí Teresa
Published: March 2017

Recent debates on the meaning and use of science are focused on addressing citizens’ needs or concerns of society in different fields. Researchers have developed different methodologies for capturing the relevance of topics to be addressed by research in order to map them. This article proposes a new methodology for identifying the relevance of research goals through collecting citizen’s voices on Twitter and Facebook combing two approaches: top down, starting with already defined research goals priorities, and bottom up, departing from the social media. The article presents the results of the application of this methodology through the research goals of Sustainable Development Goals to identify their relevance and if there are some topics not covered by them. Thus, researchers could integrate this methodology in their daily work and be more in line with the needs expressed by citizens in social media.
Avaliação das interações medicamentosas potenciais em prescrições de pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Garske Cristiane Carla Dressler , Brixner Betina , Freitas Alice Pereira , Schneider Ana Paula Helfer
Published: March 2017

A identificação e prevenção de interações entre medicamentos estão diretamente relacionadas com a segurança do paciente e são de grande importância no ambiente hospitalar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e avaliar a existência de interações medicamentosas potenciais na farmacoterapia prescrita. Trata-se de estudo observacional, com 308 prescrições de 195 pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de ensino, realizado de agosto a dezembro de 2015. Para identificação das interações utilizou-se a base de dados Micromedex®. Das 308 prescrições analisadas, 101 apresentaram pelo menos uma interação medicamentosa, totalizando 173 interações, referentes a 71 pacientes. Destes, 43 eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 61,9 anos. A média de internação na unidade foi de 7 dias. Nas 101 prescrições que apresentaram interações medicamentosas, foi prescrito o total de 1.349 medicamentos com média de 13,3 medicamentos/paciente/dia. Identificar essas interações possibilita evitar situações de insucesso terapêutico e toxicidade medicamentosa.
Physical disabilities in pregnant women: impact on care and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Chitnis Swati , Samant Padmaja
Published: March 2017

Background: Health care providers are often insensitive to and unfamiliar with the needs of pregnant women with disability. Medical services are many times not tailored to the needs of the disabled. This study analyzes the impact of disabilities on pregnancy in women delivering in a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods: Prospective study of total of 50 pregnant women with various disabilities was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Each patient’s antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum course were noted. Patients were also interviewed with help of a structured questionnaire for difficulties accessing services, and impact on their daily life, pain.Results: Rate of cesarean deliveries due to pelvic problems, and complications like urinary tract infections which arise due to mobility issues were significantly higher in patients with physical disabilities. 30% participants found examination tables unsuitable and 20% found it difficult access toilets.  Over all patients were satisfied with skills of health workers.Conclusions: Healthcare facilities have to be equipped for receiving patients with disabilities and should train health workers in management of these clients. They require pre-conceptional counseling and planning.
An evaluation of recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Singh Abha , Kujur Avinashi , Rathore Kalpana
Published: March 2017

Background: This study was aimed to know the demographic profile and categorizes the causes of RPL.Methods: This observational study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College Raipur from Nov 2015-Sept 2016. Total 100 women were evaluated with history of RPL.Results: 100 women were recruited in our study. The incidence of primary RPL was more than secondary RPL. 48 % women had first trimester abortions. The identifiable causes accounted for 53% out of which anatomical defects were the commonest .Next were endocrinal factors (20%), and Genetic factors (1%),Immunological factors 7%., Medical causes were 3%. However, 47% were unexplained.Conclusions: Despite innumerable investigations, sometimes or rather most of the times, the etiology remains obscure. It is this group of women who become a challenge to manage. Ultimately, most effective therapy for women with unexplained RPL is antenatal counseling, psychological support and tender loving care.
A study of incidence, risk factors, clinical profile and management of 50 cases of ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Ganitha G. , Anuradha G.
Published: March 2017

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a challenging and life-threatening emergency, which can cause significant maternal morbidity and mortality. The present study aims at determining the incidence, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcome of ectopic pregnancies in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases of ectopic pregnancies admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2012 to September 2013. Relevant data of the 50 patients was tabulated and descriptive analysis was carried out.Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 6.3 per 1000 deliveries. Majority of the patients (82%) belonged to 20-30 yrs age group. 70% of the women were multiparous. The commonest site of ectopic pregnancy was fallopian tube (92 %). Past history of pelvic inflammatory disease (40%), abortions (20%), abdominopelvic surgery (14%) and IUCD usage (12%) were among the important risk factors identified. 20% of the patients had no identifiable risk factor. The classical triad of amenorrhea, bleeding per vaginum and abdominal pain was seen in 56 % of the study population. The most important signs which guided the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were cervical excitation pain (74%), abdominal tenderness (72%), adnexal mass or fullness (68%) and tenderness in the fornix (68%). Clinical presentation, urinary pregnancy test, culdocentesis and ultrasound were the diagnostic tools used for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of ruptured ectopic pregnancy was 86%. Majority of the patients underwent salpingectomy (96%). There was no maternal mortality in our study.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, timely referral, improved access to health care, aggressive management and improvement of blood bank facilities can reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.
Novel surgical approach: compare the efficacy of vaginal hysterectomy with abdominal hysterectomy in non-descent uterus
Authors: Alwani Madhuri , Srivastava Ishan , Thakur Ratna , Kaur Ravjyot , Pathak Shruti
Published: March 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal hysterectomy with that of abdominal hysterectomy in non-descent uterus for safety and feasibility of advancing gynaecological practice.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore (M.P.) from October 2013 to April 2015. A total of 170 cases were enrolled in this study. Subjects were equally divided into two groups of equal size and assigned to a specified group i.e. study and control group. Each group consists of 85 cases.Results: The two techniques of intervention measured a highly significant mean difference for parameters such as ambulation (1.75), need of analgesic doses post-operative (2.80), resumption of bowel/bladder activity (8.62) and hospital stay (4.44) were less in study group when compared to control group where in ambulation (2.25), need of analgesic doses post-operative (5.11), resumption of bowel/bladder activity (18.75) and hospital stay (6.96). It was also observed that vaginal discharge (4.7%), UTI (4.7%) and re-hospitalization (2.4%) were less in study group when compared to control group which showed vaginal discharge (4%), UTI (0%) and re-hospitalization (5%). Vaginal hysterectomy in women with non-descent and moderately enlarged uteri is safe. A combination of debulking techniques is often needed and the surgeon needs to be familiar with them. With experience larger uterus can be removed. Thus this scar less approach should be chosen as a preferred method for hysterectomy.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI>2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted.
Study of hysteroscopic evaluation in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: K. Ashok Kumar , P. Sathya , Sampathkumar Sreelatha
Published: March 2017

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding in women is the commonest presenting complaint which accounts for one third of all gynecological consultations. It not only causes discomfort, inconvenience to healthy women but also affects their quality of life and impose financial burden on them. This insists the physician to diagnose its etiology and provide appropriate treatment. Hysteroscopy guided biopsy is a simple, safe, reliable procedure in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. The objective of the study was to evaluate the uterine pathology in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding by hysteroscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at ESIC-MC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, in 50 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding over 18 months from Dec 2012 to May 2014. All 50 women were subjected to diagnostic hysteroscopy followed by curettage. The sample was sent to histopathological examination. Data was collected and analyzed.Results: In the present study, abnormal uterine bleeding was more common in 41-45yrs of age. The commonest presenting complaint was heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) in 54% of cases. The abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were: Hyperplasia 42%, endometrial polyp 22%, sub-mucous myoma 4%, carcinoma endometrium 2%, synechiae 2% and endometritis 2%. Negative hysteroscopic view was seen in 26%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of hysteroscopy was 91.89%, 92.31%, 97.14% and 80% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy was 92%.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy and its directed biopsy renders high diagnostic accuracy in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and thereby guiding them for further management.
Prophylaxis of post-operative nausea and vomiting in major obstetrics surgeries: a comparative study between palanosetron and neit guam point stimulation
Authors: Agarwal Shaily , Agarwal Apurva , Gupta Renu , Gupta Pranshi
Published: March 2017

Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis is an important component in providing safe anesthesia in antenatal women. Pharmaceutical interventions like metoclopramide and 5-HT3 antagonists are the current treatment of choice for PONV prophylaxis. However newer drugs are less easily available and more expensive and there is always a concern regarding the effects on fetus. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare efficacy and safety of antiemetic effects of stimulation of neitguam point stimulation with palonosetron for PONV prevention in obstetric surgeries.Methods: A randomized control trial was done on 150 patients with ASA grade I-II, between ages of 18-45 undergoing obstetric surgery under spinal anesthesia at a tertiary care center. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups using a random sequence. In group I, 76 patients received 75μg palonosetron IV 5 minutes prior to induction. Group II contained 74 patients in which neitguam point stimulation was done by acupressure (wrist band) . All patients were followed till 24 hours post-surgery and incidence of PONV was recorded intra-operative and till 30 minutes, at 2 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours post-surgery. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and chi square test.Results: Both neit guam point stimulation and palanosetron were effective in prevention of PONV (p=0.32). neit guam point stimulation can be considered as effective as palonosetron in prevention of nausea. The cost analysis signifies the advantage of neit guam point stimulation.Conclusions: Neit guam point stimulation is a safe and highly effective method to prevent PONV. It can help in bringing down cost and can be easily made at the small primary healthcare centers and trained midwives.
Comparative study of capillary blood glucose estimation by glucometer and venous plasma glucose estimation in women undergoing the one step Dipsi test (diabetes in pregnancy study group India) for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jadhav Deepali S. , Wankhede Uma N.
Published: March 2017

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The importance of GDM is that two generations are at risk of developing diabetes in the future. Aim was to study the merits and demerits of capillary blood glucose estimation by glucometer over venous plasma glucose estimation while performing DIPSI test.Methods: It was a hospital based clinical study. 1000 patients were enrolled between 24-28 weeks of gestation and DIPSI test was performed. Patient was instructed to come irrespective of fasting. 75 g glucose dissolved in 200-400 ml of water and patient was asked to drink in 5 minutes. Venous blood was drawn after 2 hours, capillary blood sugar also was measured at the same time by glucometer.Results: Sensitivity of capillary blood sugar (CBS) method in detecting GDM is 100% as compared to venous plasma glucose (VPG) and specificity is 99.46% as compared to VPG. Considering the agreement between two methods for diagnosis of GDM, equal sensitivity of both methods and small number of false positive cases detected by CBS method, due to almost equal specificity (99.46%), CBS method by glucometer can be recommended as an alternative to VPG method as a screening and diagnostic test for GDM.Conclusions: It is appropriate and feasible to offer capillary blood sugar sampling by DIPSI test for screening and diagnosis of GDM. The prevalence of GDM in our study is 8% by capillary blood sugar sampling and 7.5% by venous plasma glucose sampling according to DIPSI test.
Spectrum of hysterosalpingographic findings among women presenting with infertility in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital
Authors: Itanyi Ukamaka D. , Oluseyi Hadijat O.
Published: March 2017

Background: Hysterosalpingography HSG provides the outline of the endometrial canal and fallopian tubes and is an invaluable imaging modality in the investigative management of infertility especially in resource challenged environments. The objective of the study was to review the hysterosalpingographic (HSG) findings in women investigated for infertility in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital.Methods: This is a descriptive review of retrospective radiologic reports of 219 patients who underwent HSG as part of infertility investigation over a three-year period (2013-2015) in University of Abuja teaching Hospital.Results: A total of 219 reports were reviewed with age range of 20-53years (mean 33.9 ±5.7 2SD) years. Majority were between the ages of 26-37 years (n=102, 33.6%). Secondary infertility was the indication in 172 (78.5%) and primary infertility in 47 (21.5%). Majority of the women (n=149, 68%) had hysterosalpingographic abnormalities with Tuboperitoneal pathology as the prevalent finding in 112 (75.2%) of the cases either as a single pathology or coexisting with intrauterine abnormality. The most common endometrial cavity abnormality was uterine Fibroid seen in 53, (35.6%) women.Conclusions: Hysterosalpingography remains very important in the investigation of infertility in our center with tuboperitoneal pathology as the major contributor to female infertility.
Correlation between number of mature eggs retrieved and live birth rate in IVF treatment
Authors: Rana Lekshmy , Bavishi Himanshu , Bavishi Falguni
Published: March 2017

Background: There is a strong association between the number of eggs and clinical pregnancy rates. But a few studies have shown conflicting results. Aim was to determine the relation between number of mature eggs retrieved and live birthrate in one complete IVF cycle (fresh and all frozen transfers included) and hence determine the optimum number of oocytes. Private IVF centre doing  around 2000 cycles per year.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1140  infertile women between 20 and 45 years who underwent self-stimulation IVf in our centre. Cumulativelive birth rate in one complete IVF cycle.  Secondary outcome was the number of cases of moderate and severe OHSS.Results: Maximum LBR in patients where 10-15 egg were retrieved in fresh embryo transfer and cumulative LBR was maximum when more than 15 eggs were retrieved. No case of severe OHSS and one case of moderate OHSS in the group where more than 15 eggs were retrieved.Conclusions: The percentage of live birth increases with increasing number of mature eggs in IVF treatment. The incidence of OHSS was negligible.
Accuracy of MR Imaging in endometrial cancer: our experience
Authors: Sampath Santhanam , Nema Devendra , Agarwal Raju , Lele Prasad
Published: March 2017

Background: MRI is a useful modality for preoperative imaging in endometrial cancer. We report our experience in Indian population managed at a tertiary care center regarding accuracy of preoperative MRI in prediction of deep myometrial invasion and cervical stromal invasion.Methods: 30 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma endometrium on endometrial biopsy underwent preoperative MRI in the week preceding surgery. MRI impression of depth of myometrial invasion, cervical stroma involvement and positive nodes were compared with final histopathology findings to calculate the accuracy of MRI.Results: The accuracy of MRI for estimation of tumour size was 72% and for detection of myometrial invasion was 76%. The accuracy for detection of cervical, adnexal and nodal involvement was 96%, 100% and 96% respectively.Conclusions: MRI is an accurate modality for preoperative assessment in endometrial cancer and can significantly assist in surgical planning.
Pregnancy in case of exstrophy of bladder
Authors: Amin Kinnari Vilaschandra , Tiwari Namrata , Goel Anchal , Chauhan Anahita R.
Published: March 2017

Bladder exstrophy or ectopia vesica is an unusual congenital anomaly which exists in the spectrum of the exstrophy- epispadias complex. It most commonly involves protrusion of the urinary bladder due to defect in the lower abdominal wall. It has variable presentation and often includes abnormalities of the pelvic floor, bony pelvis and genitalia. Patients undertaking pregnancy after surgical repair of such an anomaly are rare. Planned Cesarean section at term is considered the appropriate mode of delivery. We present a case of 21-year-old patient who had uneventful preterm vaginal delivery following surgical repair of bladder exstrophy in childhood.
Cervicographic progress in active Phase and obstetric outcome in Patients undergoing labour under Epidural analgesia
Authors: Pratibha Kulkarni Priyanka Goel
Published: March 2017

Objective: To analyze the progress of labour and then the obstetric and fetal outcome of the patients who received epidural analgesia in labor and comparing them with those who did not receive epidural analgesia. Study design: Hospital based prospective comparative study. Methodology: The study involved 200 patients who were divided into 2 groups on the basis of whether they received epidural analgesia or not, with 100 patients in each group. The advantages and disadvantages of epidural analgesia were evaluated. Results: When compared with the non-epidural analgesia group (n = 100), the group that received epidural analgesia (n = 100) had significant prolongation in the duration of first and the second stage of labour and higher likelihood of instrumental delivery. 57.4% patients in the epidural group delivered to the left of the progress line whereas 69.6% patients in the control group delivered to the left. There was also an increased incidence of caesarean deliveries in the epidural group as compared to the control group but the difference was not significant statistically (20% Vs 17%, p>0.05). There was no difference in the neonatal outcome of the patients who received epidural analgesia as compared to control group. Moreover, pain relief and maternal satisfaction was excellent in patients who requested epidural analgesia. Conclusion: Compared with other techniques, epidural analgesia is the most effective form of analgesia. Factors contributing to the progress and outcome of labour are multiple and complex. Epidurals do not increase caesarean section rates. However, we must strive to reduce any effect on duration of labour and instrumental vaginal delivery rates by minimizing motor block through the use of low dose local anaesthetic and opioid combinations. The addition of patient- controlled epidural analgesia and innovations using new technologies enhance patient satisfaction
Estudo do controlador orgânico derivado de biomaterial látex para correção da passada diabética utilizando a mudança qualitativa e quantitativa das cargas aplicadas ao pé
Authors: Montilla Perafán Diana Carolina , Alves Ribeiro Jaqueline , De Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa Suelia , Pinheiro Marques Marina , Delgado  Soares de Souza Afonso , Neves Lima Daniela
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e a inserção de um elemento externo denominado Diabets Ground Control (DGC) com base na etiologia mecânica do problema e avalia a variação das variáveis principais do sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um controlador  para que por meio da mudança qualitativa e quantitativa das cargas aplicadas ao pé seja possível a correção da passada diabética. Essa interação controlada entre o pé diabético e o controlador é o que os autores defendem como a teoria de Controle Orgânico. Para obter o modelo matemático será usada a ferramenta Bond Graph (BG), um método alternativo as práticas clássicas de modelagem existentes introduzido por Paynter em 1961. Essa metodologia é fundamental para a concepção de uma teoria bio inspirada na área de Engenharia Biomédica, a teoria de Controle Orgânico. Dessa forma, a palmilha DGC permitirá a redistribuição da carga por toda a extensão da planta do pé sempre interagindo diretamente na resposta do sistema
Editorial: English
Authors: Santos Gildenir Carolino , Passos Rosemary
Published: March 2017

This is the first international issue of ETD - Digital Thematic Education that is composed, entirely, as a “DOSSIER”, and which main theme is “body, language and education” - “cuerpo, lenguaje y ensenañza”. The editorial committee of ETD - Digital Thematic Education have decided that this number should be presented as a DOSSIER, having in mind to bring together works - by researchers of several national and foreign institutions - that were articulated around a main thematic topic...
Efeitos do Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel no território camponês em assentamento rural
Authors: Ribeiro Dinalva Donizete , Dias Mariza Souza
Published: March 2017

Analisou-se a autonomia das famílias assentadas parceiras no Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel (PNPB). Considerou-se que os espaços de realização das políticas públicas carecem de avaliação por serem, também, locus de disputas que geram tensões, sobretudo quando se trata de um programa com as características do PNPB, que permite a setores do agronegócio ligados à cadeia produtiva da soja o controle das atividades dessa cultura em território camponês.