bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personalistic overtones in the realization of Enlightenment ideas (based on the history of the Illuminati Order)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: March 2024

The article considers one of the lines of understanding and realization of Enlightenment ideas, due to the peculiarities of the New European personality. A personality is an individual acting independently and therefore forced to build a world and private self-image that partially does not coincide with the generally accepted ones. Kant associates these features precisely with Enlightenment, with the competence to use one's mind without guidance from someone else. Two social institutions are considered, the young nation-state and the Catholic Church, striving to put the individual, Society and communities under their control and management. The author suggests that society and communities were created in response to the pressure and expansion of these social institutions. The similarities and differences of social institutions and communities represented by unions and orders are analyzed. The relations between these three subjects and social forces (institutions of church and state, Society and communities) were quite tense, there was a struggle between them, the result of which, on the one hand, was the demarcation and separation of zones of influence, on the other hand, the suppression of the enemy, which often turned out to be Society, communities and the individual. In this context, according to the author, a conspiracy discourse is emerging, which the closer to our time, the more it is used against communities and individuals. This struggle within the institutions of the state and the church, as well as in art, is illustrated by the example of the history of the Illuminati. The activities of the Illuminati and other Orders (communities) were directed by a New European personality who, as Kant wrote, aspired to adulthood, which was in contradiction with the desire of the state and the Catholic Church to direct and control the mind and actions of a person. The author believes that the confrontation of the individual, Society and communities with the state and its institutions persists in our time. Of course, we are talking about a certain type of personality, so to speak, Kantian, and not any; there are individuals and communities that support the state.
O processo de rememoração como estratégia da política de retomada do Nheengatu no Baixo Tapajós
Authors: Silva Meirelles Sâmela Ramos da
Published: March 2024

Este texto discute a retomada do Nheengatu a partir da análise do processo de rememoração, constituinte de um amplo conjunto da política de retomada que reinsere o Nheengatu como língua étnica no cenário sociolinguístico do Baixo Tapajós. Nossas discussões partem das reflexões, discursos e memórias que foram gerados junto com nossos/as interlocutores/as por meio de uma metodologia colaborativa, no qual a produção de conhecimento foi construída coletivamente em entrevistas e oficinas, que enfatizam a perspectiva que eles/as têm sobre as ações que o movimento indígena e suas organizações construíram, desde o final da década de 90, com o início da mobilização étnica. O processo de rememoração fornece condições para o estabelecimento de uma consciência sobre os continnum socioculturais e linguísticos referentes ao Nheengatu e que se materializam nos recursos linguísticos e nos modos de vida ancestral persistentes. Se configuram como uma rede de saberes que mobilizam fenômenos linguísticos dinâmicos e complexos por meio da resistência e insurgência social e política, da rememoração e da retomada do Nheengatu no Baixo Tapajós.
Contributions of the Linguistic Documentation to the Strengthening of the Ikpeng Language at School
Authors: Chagas Angela , Taffarel Korotowï , Txicão Maiua
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we present the activities and products developed during the Ikpeng language documentation project that contributed to the strengthening of the teaching of mother language of this indigenous society at the school, a space in which the use and teaching of the Portuguese language predominates. The Ikpeng linguistic documentation process was set within the Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas (PRODOCLIN), promoted by Museu do Índio/FUNAI, in partnership with UNESCO, during the period from 2009 to 2012. Among the main contributions of the documentation project are a sociolinguistic diagnosis, the creation of a lexical database, the elaboration of a descriptive grammar of the Ikpeng language, the publication of a monolingual book of traditional narratives and training courses in linguistics for indigenous teachers. The products resulting from the documentation were developed based on the demands of the school context of the Ikpeng society, to preserve and value the language and ancestral memories of this indigenous society. The Ikpeng language is spoken by the homonymous people, who live in the Parque Indígena do Xingu – MT.
Da Teologia à Filosofia: o latim como instrumento da razão na obra de Du MarsaisO INSTRUMENTO DA RAZÃO NA OBRA DE DU MARSAIS
Authors: Santos Melyssa Cardozo Silva dos , Ferreira Kaltner Leonardo
Published: March 2024

O presente trabalho, que é um recorte pesquisa de doutorado ainda em fase inicial, consiste em uma breve análise da obra intitulada Exposition d’une méthode raisonnée pour apprendre la langue latine (Exposição de um método racional para aprender a língua latina) (1722), do gramático e filósofo francês César Chesneau Du Marsais (1676-1756). O filósofo que é o autor das obras Méthode raisonnée (1722), Traité des Tropes (1730), Principes de Grammaire (1769) etc., Du Marsais também foi um dos colaboradores da Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (D’ALEMBERT; DIDEROT,1751-1772), responsável pelos artigos de gramática que integram a obra. Em virtude disso, o filósofo tornou-se um gramático prestigiado na França, influindo também o pensamento linguístico de gramáticos de outros países. Uma das grandes obras de Du Marsais, que é corpus da pesquisa de doutorado, o méthode raisonnée, é um método de aprendizagem da língua latina em um contexto secular, ocasionando a descontinuidade com os padrões educacionais jesuíticos. A circulação do método repercutiu positivamente devido a sua organização, estrutura, metodologia e sua característica “inovadora”, mas também repercutiu de modo negativo em razão de um ensino secular.
Enhancing neuro-ophthalmic surgical education: The role of neuroanatomy and 3D digital technologies – An overview
Authors: Mohammad Najah K. , Rajab Ibrahim Ali , Mutar Mohammed T. , Ismail Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Background:

Neuro-ophthalmology, bridging neurology and ophthalmology, highlights the nervous system’s crucial role in vision, encompassing afferent and efferent pathways. The evolution of this field has emphasized the importance of neuroanatomy for precise surgical interventions, presenting educational challenges in blending complex anatomical knowledge with surgical skills. This review examines the interplay between neuroanatomy and surgical practices in neuro-ophthalmology, aiming to identify educational gaps and suggest improvements.

Methods:

A literature search across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on the implications of neuroanatomy in neuro-ophthalmic surgery education and practice. The review synthesizes insights from both recent and foundational studies to highlight current understandings and future research directions, particularly in educational approaches.

Results:

Findings indicate that 3D digital modeling and virtual reality have significantly enhanced neuroophthalmic surgical education by providing immersive and engaging learning experiences. For instance, detailed 3D brain atlases offer comprehensive resources for understanding the central nervous system’s normal and pathological states. Although studies show that 3D and traditional 2D methods achieve similar post-test results, 3D methods notably improve engagement and motivation, suggesting a shift toward more interactive learning environments.

Conclusion:

Integrating both traditional and innovative educational tools is crucial for the progression of neuro-ophthalmic surgical training. This balance helps overcome educational hurdles and better prepare future surgeons. Continuous research and collaboration are essential to refine educational strategies, ultimately aiming to enhance patient care in neuro-ophthalmology.
Diffusion tensor imaging combined with the dual-echo steady-state (DESS) protocol for the evaluation of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel: A preliminary study
Authors: Maki Yoshinori , Takayama Motohiro , Okawa Tsuyoshi , Goda Akio , Miyakoshi Akinori
Published: March 2024

Background:

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is diagnosed based on neurological, electrophysiology, and radiological findings. Due to the technical development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the median nerve is evaluated with several MRI protocols. However, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) combined with a dual-echo steady-state (DESS) protocol is not frequently used to evaluate the median nerve of CTS. This study aimed to evaluate the median nerve in the carpal tunnel using DTI combined with a DESS protocol.

Methods:

Five healthy volunteers and seven patients with CTS were enrolled. The patients underwent MRI for CTS pre- and post-operatively. The median nerve was evaluated using a 3-T MRI scanner. The parameters of the DESS protocol were as follows: Repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE) = 10.83/3.32 ms, slice thickness = 0.45 mm, field of view (FoV) = 350 × 253 × 350 mm, and 3D voxel size = 0.5 × 0.5 ×0.4 mm. The parameters of the DTI sequence were as follows: TR/TE = 4000/86 ms, slice thickness = 3 mm, FoV = 160 × 993 × 90 mm, 3D voxel size = 1.2 × 1.2 ×3.0 mm, and b value = 0.1000 s/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the median nerve were statistically analyzed. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05.

Results:

The FA value of healthy volunteers was 0.576 ± 0.058, while those of the patients were 0.357 ± 0.094 and 0.395 ± 0.062 pre-and post-operatively, respectively. Statistically significant differences were identified between the FA values of healthy volunteers and pre-operative/post-operative patients. The ADC values of healthy volunteers and pre-operative patients were 0.931 ± 0.096 and 1.26 ± 0.282 (10-3 mm2/s), respectively (P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

This MRI protocol may be useful for evaluating the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.
Analysis of the impact of intraventricular hemorrhage on the functional outcome of ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm after clipping
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Mamualiya Ruhi , Agrawal Atul
Published: March 2024

Background:

Various clinical symptoms and variables have been suggested as potential indicators of outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The detailed discussion of the consequences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), frequently reported in cases of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms, is still pending. The study aimed to assess the results of aneurysm surgery performed early versus delayed in patients with SAH, specifically focusing on the occurrence of IVH.

Methods:

This study involved patients with ACoA aneurysms who experienced SAH and underwent microsurgical clipping of the aneurysm. A retrospective review was conducted on the patients’ medical records. The modified Rankin score was compared between two groups of patients based on the presence or absence of IVH.

Results:

Ninety-one participants (52 males and 39 females) were included in the study. The initial computed tomography scan showed that 20 patients (with a mean age of 51 ± 13.7 years) had IVH, while 71 patients (with a mean age of 45.8 ± 11.7 years) did not have any signs of IVH. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes after six months was 55% in the presence of IVH, compared to 25.4% in patients without IVH, indicating a significant difference in outcome between the two groups (P < 0.016).

Conclusion:

Patients with SAH having aneurysms located in the ACoA associated with the intraventricular hemorrhage had a poor functional outcome.
АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ РЕЛЬСОВ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ, ФОРМИРУЮЩЕЙСЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Authors: Порфирьев М.А. , Иванов Ю.Ф. , Громов В.Е. , Шлярова Ю.А. , Крюков Р.Е.
Published: March 2024

Методами просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии выполнен анализ структуры, фазового состава, дислокационной субструктуры в головке длинномерных дифференцированно закаленных рельсов специального назначения из стали Э90ХАФ после пропущенного тоннажа 187 млн. тонн брутто. Исследования проведены вдоль центральной оси и радиуса скругления выкружки на поверхности и на расстоянии 10 мм от нее. Установлено, что структура стали представлена зернами пластического перлита и феррито-карбидной смеси с частицами карбида пластической и глобулярной морфологии. Выявлена фрагментация пластин цементита (размеры фрагментов 10-12 нм) и феррита (размеры фрагментов 250-500 нм). Отмечено формирование изгибных контуров экстинкции, свидетельствующих об упруго-напряженном состоянии головки рельсов в результате длительной эксплуатации. Выявлены источники кривизны-кручения кристаллической решетки- внутрифазные (границы раздела зерен перлита) и межфазные (границы раздела пластин феррита и цементита перлитных колоний) границы. Формирующаяся структура на поверхности катания отличается от структуры поверхности выкружки. В последней не выявляется субзеренной структуры. Проведено сравнение деформационного преобразования поверхностных слоев с ранее опубликованными результатами для рельсов общего назначения из доэвтектоидной стали. Рассмотрены механизмы разрушения пластин цементита и повторного выделения частиц наноразмерной карбидной фазы округлой формы (третичный цементит). Проведено сравнение скалярной плотности дислокационной субструктуры поверхности катания по центральной оси и радиусу скругления выкружки.
СИНТЕЗ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ГИДРОКСИАПАТИТА И ПОЛИВИНИЛОВОГО СПИРТА И УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ УСЛОВИЙ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Садыков Р.Т. , Лыткина Д.Н. , Курзина И.А.
Published: March 2024

Известно, что развитие биомедицинских технологий увеличивает спрос на создания биосовместимых материалов, которые обладали бы схожими свойствами с костной тканью и подходили для его имплантации. Многие композиционные материалы представляют собой мультифазные системы, состоящие из полимерной матрицы и неорганического компонента различных форм и размеров. Полимерная составляющая необходима для улучшения механических и биосовместимых свойств. Данный компонент может быть представлен биосовместимым, макропористым и нетоксичным полимером, продукты распада которого будут приниматься организмом за обычные метаболиты и будут выводиться из него. Неорганический компонент может быть представлен гидроксиапатитом, состав и структура которого аналогичны костному апатиту, что обеспечивает взаимную интеграцию и образование химических связей между фповреждённой костью и имплантатом. В физиологических условиях происходит образование кальций-фосатного слоя, что обеспечивает биологическую активность гидроксиапатита. Кальций-фосфатный слой может характеризоваться различной структурой и составов, так как происходит взаимодействие с ионами, находящимися в физиологических жидкостях организма.
ДИНАМИКА ВОЛНОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В СЛОЕ ФОСФОРЕНЕ ПРИ НЕПРЕРЫВНОМ СЖАТИИ
Authors: Шепелев И.А. , Колесников И.Д. , Дмитриев С.В.
Published: March 2024

В рамках данного исследования проведен детальный анализ волновых процессов в двумерной структуре черного фосфорена под воздействием непрерывного продольного сжатия. Это сжатие осуществлялось строго в двух кристаллографических ориентациях фосфорена – либо в направлении "зигзаг", либо в направлении "кресла". Сложная атомная геометрия фосфорена, значительно отличающаяся от структуры графена, вносит дополнительные особенности в динамику распространения волн, возникающих в материале в результате сжатия. Для моделирования динамических явлений были применены методы молекулярной динамики. Процесс возбуждения акустических и ударных волн был инициирован с помощью сжимающего поршня, движущегося с постоянной заданной скоростью. В ходе исследования был проведен детальный анализ распространения волнового фронта на атомном уровне. В рамках этого анализа были изучены колебания атомов, проходящих через волны, и изменения энергетических параметров атомов и волны в зависимости от скорости движения поршня. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в понимание нелинейных волновых процессов в двумерных материалах и расширяют представления о поведении волн в сложных геометрических кристаллических структурах. Это исследование помогает получить более глубокое понимание механизмов распространения и эволюции ударных и акустических волн в таких материалах, как фосфорен, и имеет важное значение для разработки новых наноматериалов и технологий. Полученные результаты расширяют наше понимание динамики материалов на атомном уровне и могут найти практическое применение в области нанотехнологий и разработке новых материалов с улучшенными свойствами.
КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НАНОЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ АРСЕНИДА-АНТИМОНИДА ГАЛЛИЯ
Authors: Терентьева Ю.В. , Безносюк С.А.
Published: March 2024

В работе представлены результаты компьютерного моделирования алмазоподобных полупроводниковых наночастиц, построенных на базе арсенида галлия и на базе антимонида галлия. В работе были исследованы модели наночастиц размером 3´3´3 элементарные ячейки и размером 5´5´5 элементарных ячеек с различным содержанием атомов сурьмы в подрешетке BV. Методом нелокального орбитально-оболочечного функционала плотности были получены равновесные параметры связей пар атомов, входящих в состав кристаллической структуры исследуемых наноэлектромеханических систем (НЭМС). Методами молекулярной механики была изучена зависимость энергии наночастиц антимонида – арсенида галлия от размера наночастицы и содержания сурьмы в ее составе. Было показано незначительное изменение межатомного расстояния в полупроводниковых системах с алмазоподобной структурой и в НЭМС состоянии. Показано, что при введении атомов сурьмы в систему арсенида галлия система стабилизируется, а при введении атомов мышьяка в систему антимонида галлия система дестабилизируется.
КРИСТАЛЛОГЕОМЕТРИЯ ЗАПОЛНЕНИЯ КООРДИНАЦИОННЫХ СФЕР В НАНОЧАСТИЦАХ СПЛАВОВ СОСТАВА АВ ФОРМИРУЮЩИХ СВЕРХСТРУКТУРУ В32
Authors: Старостенков М.Д. , Ян Ч. , Донг Г. , Сухаиб Л.С. , Гурова Н.М.
Published: March 2024

В задачах связанных с исследованиями многокомпонентных высокоэнтропийных сплавов обнаруживается большое многообразие наночастиц различных типов кристаллических структур и сверхструктур. В таких случаях представляется интересным иметь кристаллогеометрические характеристики зародышей систем. Число зародышей стандартных кристаллогеометрических структур подчиняется стандартным правилам кристаллографии. В процессах формирования высокоэнтропийных материалов в структурах формирующихся образований могут возникать зародыши, соответствующие определенным типам сверхструктур, межфазные границы. В случае бинарных сплавов таких сверхструктур может формироваться более сотни, и во много раз больше для многокомпонентных материалов [1-3]. В работах [4, 5] был предложен простой метод практической кристаллографии, согласно которому заполнение координационных сфер для кристаллов кубической симметрии представляется последовательностью и сочетанием семи правильных и полуправильных многогранников Платона и Архимеда – куба, октаэдра, кубооктаэдра, ромбокубооктаэдра, усеченного куба, усеченного октаэдра, усеченного кубооктаэдра с числом узлов – 8, 6, 12, 24, 24, 24, 48. В настоящей работе излагается методика применения подобного алгоритма в задачах конструирования наночастиц для сплава сверхструктуры В32.
СОЗДАНИЕ ИЗНОСОСТОЙКИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ НА СТАЛИ 35 МЕТОДОМ ЭЛЕКТРОИСКРОВОГО ЛЕГИРОВАНИЯ ПОРОШКОМ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОЭРОЗИОННЫМ ДИСПЕРГИРОВАНИЕМ ТВЕРДОГО СПЛАВА Т5К10
Authors: Дворник М.И. , Михайленко Е.А. , Бурков А.А. , Быцура А.Ю.
Published: March 2024

В работе электроэрозионным диспергированием сплава Т5К10 в масле получен порошок, который был нанесен на заготовки из стали 35 методом электроискрового легирования нелокализованным электродом, исследованы состав, структура и свойства полученных покрытий. Определены химический и фазовый составы и микроструктура полученных частиц. Установлено, что при электроэрозионном диспергировании в образующихся частицах порошка происходит полное растворение исходного карбида вольфрама в кубическом карбиде (Ti,W)C. Исследования кинетики массопереноса при электроискровом легировании нелокализованным электродом показали, что полученный порошок наносится вместе со стальными гранулами со скоростью 1,9-2,6 мг/(см2×мин). Полученные покрытия состоят из вольфрам-содержащих и железосодержащих фаз, элементы которых равномерно распределены по глубине покрытия. Концентрация элементов W, Ti, Co в покрытиях зависит от соотношения масс порошка и стальных гранул в наносимом порошке. Испытания показали, что, благодаря высокой концентрации легирующих элементов в покрытиях, они обладают высокой твердостью (6,4 ГПа-9,2 ГПа) и пониженной скоростью износа (0,13×105-0,39×105 мм3/Нм) по сравнению с исходной сталью 35 (2,6 ГПа и 2,47×105-2,65×105 мм3/Нм соответственно).
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОГО ЧУГУНА ВЧ 50
Authors: Гурьев М.А. , Иванов С.Г. , Романенко В.В. , Аугсткалн А.И. , Зенин М.Н. , Черных Е.В. , Гурьев А.М.
Published: March 2024

В работе представлены результаты микроструктурного анализа высокопрочного чугуна ВЧ 50. Степень глобулярности включений графита определяли через фактор формы F2, который в свою очередь определяется как отношение диаметров вписанной в частицу окружности к диаметру окружности, описанной вокруг частицы: чем ближе данное отношение к 1, тем выше степень глобулярности. Из данных о факторе формы F2 включений графита следует, что только 32,7 об. % графитных включений имеют близкую к глобулярной форму. Это свидетельствует о нарушении технологии модификации чугуна и получении в образце недомодифицированного графита. Проведенные исследования также показали, что представленный на исследование образец чугуна не проходил термической обработки, либо, в случае проведения термической обработки, она проводилась с неправильными параметрами: вероятнее всего температура термической обработки была меньше рекомендованной температуры (700 °С). Нарушение технологии модификации и дальнейшей термической обработки отливки приводит к ухудшению эксплуатационных характеристик чугуна. Проведение повторной термической обработки по правильному режиму позволило улучшить микроструктуру и нивелировать эти недостатки. После повторной термической обработки в виде отжига при температуре 700 °С в течение 4 часов с последующим охлаждением до 400 °С вместе с печью, далее – на воздухе, позволило увеличить долю сфероидизированных частиц графита с 32,7 до 65 об. %. Отжиг проводили с целью повышения прочностных свойств материала, а также пластичности и ударной вязкости.
ممارسة مديري مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة لإدارة المعرفة من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: الشيدية أمل سالم , النوفلي محمد عبدالله
Published: March 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على درجة ممارسة مديري مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة لإدارة المعرفة من وجهة نظر المعلمين، كما هدفت إلى الكشف عن وجود فروق في متوسطات ممارسة مديري مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة لإدارة المعرفة، وفقًا لمتغيرات الدراسة، وهي: الجنس، والخبرة، والمؤهل العلمي، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي المسحي، واعتمدت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع بيانات الدراسة، واشتملت على 40 عبارة موزّعة على أربعة محاور هي: توليد المعرفة، وتخزين المعرفة، وتوزيع المعرفة، وتطبيق المعرفة، وقد تم توزيعها على 330 معلمًا ومعلمة في مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة، تم اختيارهم بطريقة العينة العشوائية الطبقية، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة من خلال المعالجات الإحصائية أن ممارسة مديري مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة لإدارة المعرفة جاءت بمتوسط حسابي كلي 3.67 من5؛ بدرجة مرتفعة، وكشفت النتائج أنه لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائية (≤0.05α) في تقديرات عينة الدراسة لممارسة مديري مدارس ولاية صحم بمحافظة شمال الباطنة لإدارة المعرفة تعزى لمتغيرات (الجنس، الخبرة، المؤهل العلمي). وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصى الباحثان بتأهيل الكادر الإداري بعمل دورات وورش تدريبية لكل ما هو جديد ومستحدث في المجال التقني، والعمل على تحسين البنية التحتية في المدارس.
مستوى التنمر الإلكتروني وتأثيره على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: الجاسر أروى عبدالله
Published: March 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على تأثير التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض. واكتشاف الفروق بين الذكور والإناث في التأثر بدرجة التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية. والتعرف على الفروق بين الصفوف الدراسية للمرحلة الثانوية في التأثر بدرجة التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى الطلاب والطالبات واكتشاف تأثير جودة البيئة التعليمية على درجة التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية، واستخدمت الباحثة منهج المسح الاجتماعي لجمع البيانات المطلوبة عن طريق الاستبانة، وكانت عينة الدراسة عينة عشوائية بسيطة مكونة من (100) طالب وطالبة من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية وتوصلت إلى النتائج : 1- مستوى التنمر الإلكتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية جاء بدرجة عالية - جدا، حيث جاء المتوسِّط العام مساويا (4.25) ودرجة مرتفعة (مرتفعة جداً)، 2- مستوى التدني في التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية جاء بدرجة عالية جدا، حيث جاء المتوسِّط العام مساويا (4.27) ودرجة مرتفعة (مرتفعة جداً)، 3- وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية للتنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل الدراسي للطلاب ، 4- عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في التأثر بدرجة التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية تعزى إلى الجنس ، 5- عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في التأثر بدرجة التنمر الإلكتروني على التحصيل العلمي لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية تعزى إلى الصفوف الدراسية.
تعميم علاقة مثلث باسكال بنظرية ذات الحدين ومتتابعة فيبوناتشي وصياغة حدسية جديدة تخص الأعداد الأولية
Authors: عبد الرحمن محمد السماني
Published: March 2024

هدف هذا البحث إلى تعميم العلاقة بين مثلث باسكال وتوسيع ثنائي باستخدام المتغيرات بدلاً من الأرقام. يتم تشكيل المثلث باستخدام المتغير (d) بدلاً من المصطلح الصفري (0)، والمتغير (a) بدلاً من المصطلح الأول (1)، والمتغير (m) كتعميم لنظرية الثنائي. يتم دراسة الأنماط الرياضية الناتجة عن تشكيل المثلث باستخدام هذه المتغيرات، مما يؤدي إلى خمسة معادلات رياضية جديدة: معادلة عمودية، معادلة الوتر، معادلة الصف، مجموع معادلات الصفوف، ومعادلة تسلسلات الوظائف الذهبية. تُعتبر معادلة تسلسلات الوظائف الذهبية تعميمًا غير مسبوق للمصطلح الثاني لتسلسل فيبوناتشي وتسلسل لوكاس. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يُصاغ معادلة جديدة وغير مسبوقة للماس، ويُصاغ افتراض جديد يتعلق بأعداد أولية، حيث يُعتبر تعميمًا لنظرية فيرما الصغرى. يُسلط هذا البحث الضوء على ضرورة فهم أكثر شمولًا للعلاقة بين مثلث باسكال وتوسيع ثنائي.
Review on Illumina Sequencing Technology
Authors:   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia, K Emiyu , K Lelisa ,   Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Illumina sequencing process utilizes biochemical methods to determine the correct order of nucleotide bases in a deoxyribonucleic acid. Macromolecule using sequencing-by-synthesis and reversible dye-terminators that enable the identification of single bases are introduced into DNA strands and used to determine the series of base pairs in DNA. It has a very wide range of applications that can be used for whole-genome sequencing, targeted region sequencing, transcriptome analysis, metagenomics, small Ribonucleic acid discovery, methylation profiling, and genome-wide protein-nucleic acid interaction analysis, helping people unlocking the power of the gene.
The Functions of Chicken Embryo Extract
Authors:   College of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China, Li Kevin
Published: March 2024

Chicken embryo eggs are regarded as a high-quality natural nutrition supplement and sickness cure in China (where they are known as Mao Dan) and other Southeast Asian nations [1]. Pregnant women, the elderly and even cancer patients are advised to consume it [2]. Because of its anti-wrinkle activity and stimulation for cell culture, the embryo extract is also frequently employed in the cosmetics industry as well as scientific research field [3]. The functions of chicken embryo extract are summarized in this publication.
A Review on Antibiotics Residue in Foods of Animal Origin
Authors:   Amhara Regional State Field Veterinarian Health Practitioner, Ethiopia, Destaw Tegegne , Ayehu Mengesh ,   Ethiopian Veterinary Drug and Feed Control and Administrative Authority, Ethiopia
Published: March 2024

Foods of animal origin (example meat, milk, and eggs) samples occasionally, contain excessive amounts of antibiotics drug residues. Usually these are a result of not observing the withdrawal period or from off-label use of an antibiotic. Tetracycline is the most predominantly prescribed antibiotic and of all antibiotic-associated residues, followed by β-lactames. Residues of amino glycosides, Macrolides, and sulfonamides have also been detected. Antibiotics have the potential to cause allergic reactions; penicillin is most commonly implicated, affecting up to 10% of people receiving these drugs therapeutically. Sulfonamides may cause allergic reactions in up to 3% of those using these drugs. Other antibiotics are implicated less often. Concentrations of residual veterinary drugs in foods are not high enough to cause an initial hypersensitive reaction but may cause such an effect in a person who has already become sensitized to the drug. The detection methods of veterinary drug residues in food animal origin constitute a dynamic area in food processing and these include microbiological, immuno-enzymatic and chemical methods. In general, withdrawal period of veterinary drugs must be respected after drugs or medicines have been administered to animals in order to prevent the occurrence of drug residues.
Review on the Role of Biofilm Formation in Bacterial Pathogenesis
Authors:   Animal Health Institute (AHI), Bacteriology Laboratory, Ethiopia, AA Umer
Published: March 2024

Biofilms are defined as a accumulation of microorganisms living in a self-assembled matrix of polymeric substances that adheres to a variety of surfaces. Depending on the interaction between the surface and constituent cells, biofilms can be monolayer or multilayer. Initial attachment, irreversible attachment, micro colony growth, biofilm maturation, and biofilm dispersal are the five steps of the biofilm formation process. The processes that contribute tobiofilm formation are a dynamic and complicated process. Biofilm Formation Causes many bacteria have the ability to transition between planktonic and biofilm forms. The biofilm state appears to be a natural and prevalent condition of bacteria. Biofilm-forming bacteria are important for animal health. The risk of infection in animal species is likely to be higher than in humans. Because of the differences in animal housing and living conditions. Microorganisms capable of generating biofilms include P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, E. colispp, S. aureus, E. cloacae, and K. pneumonia. Bacterial pathogenesis of biofilms occurs frequently on medical devices and bits of dead tissue, such as sequestra of dead bone; nevertheless, they canals of or nonliving tissues. Biofilms in bacterial infections can improve the pathogenicity of the organism while also protecting it from external treatment. UV radiation, pH stress, chemical exposure, phagocytosis, dehydration, and antibiotics are all threats to cells that biofilms protect them. The Role of Signaling in Biofilm Formation is the bond between environmental stimuli and the bacteria’ reciprocation of the relevant signaling is required for the formation of a biofilm. Two-component systems and Quorum sensing can both be induced by these sensing systems. Tissue culture plate, cong red agar, and bioluminescent assay are some of the laboratory tests used to diagnose biofilm. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is one of the world’s most serious health issues. One of the implications of the bacterial biofilm communities that lead to persistent illnesses is antibiotic resistance.
Construction of balanced, chemically dissimilar training, validation and test sets for machine learning on molecular datasets
Authors: Tricarico Giovanni A. , Hofmans Johan , Lenselink Eelke B. , López-Ramos Miriam , Dréanic Marie-Pierre , Stouten Pieter F. W.
Published: March 2024

When preparing training, validation and test sets for machine learning on molecular datasets, it is desirable to combine two requirements: 1) robustness, i.e. making a test set that is chemically dissimilar from the training set; 2) data balance, i.e. ensuring that the proportion of data points and the distribution of data labels (categorical) / data values (continuous) are as homogeneous as possible among the sets, for each individual property to model, while partitioning the overall set of compounds as required. Recent literature shows that meeting both these requirements simultaneously is sometimes very difficult. This is especially true for multi-task learning, but also for single-task learning if one aims to balance the distribution of data labels or values, too. In this work we present a method that resolves this issue by first carrying out a chemistry-guided clustering of the initial dataset to ensure the separation of chemical matter, and subsequently applying linear programming to select the lists of clusters that – once assembled into the final sets – result in the best possible data balance.
Boosting 1H and 13C NMR signals by orders of magnitude on a bench
Authors: Bocquelet Charlotte , Rougier Nathan , Le Huu-Nghia , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloe , Melzi Roberto , Purea Armin , Banks Daniel , Kempf James , Stern Quentin , Vaneeckhaute Ewoud , Jannin Sami
Published: March 2024

Sensitivity is often the Achilles’ heel of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. This problem is perhaps most pressing at the lowest fields (e.g., 80 MHz 1H frequency), with rapidly increasing access to NMR through benchtop systems, but also sometimes for higher-field NMR systems from 300 MHz to 1.2 GHz. Hyperpolarization by dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) can address this sensitivity limitation. However, dDNP implies the use of massive and complex cryogenic and high-field instrumentation which cannot be installed on the bench. We introduce here the very first compact helium-free 1 Tesla tabletop polarizer as a simple and low-cost alternative. After freezing and polarizing the frozen analyte solutions at 77 Kelvin, we demonstrate 1H signal enhancement factors of 100, with rapid 1 second build-up times. The high polarization is subsequently transferred by 1H→13C cross-polarization (CP) to 13C spins. Hyperpolarization in such a simple benchtop polarizer, in combination with the use of hyperpolarizing solid matrices (HYPSOs) may open the way to replenishable hyperpolarization throughout multiple liquid-state NMR experiments.
BMP-Binding Polysulfonate Brushes to Control Growth Factor Presentation and Regulate Matrix Remodelling
Authors: Hernandez Marchena Metzli , Lambert Elisa , Bogdanović Bojana , Quadir Fauzia , Neri-Cruz Carlos , Migliorini Elisa , Gautrot Julien
Published: March 2024

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important targets to incorporate in biomaterials scaffolds to orchestrate tissue repair. Glycosaminoglycans such as heparin allow the capture of BMPs and their retention at the surface of biomaterials, at safe concentrations. Although heparin has strong affinities for BMP2 and BMP4, two important types of growth factors regulating bone and tissue repair, it remains difficult to embed stably at the surface of a broad range of biomaterials and degrades rapidly in vitro and in vivo. In this report, biomimetic poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PSPMA) brushes are proposed as sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetic interfaces for the stable capture of BMPs. The growth of PSPMA brushes via surface-initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer (SI-ARGET) polymerisation is investigated via ellipsometry, prior to characterisation of swelling and surface chemistry via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR. The capacity of PSPMA brushes to bind BMP2 and BMP4 is then characterised via surface plasmon resonance. BMP2 is found to anchor particularly stably and at high density at the surface of PSPMA brushes and a strong impact of the brush architecture on binding capacity is observed. These results are further confirmed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, providing some insight into the mode of adsorption of BMPs at the surface of PSPMA brushes. Primary adsorption of BMP2, with relatively little infiltration is observed on thick dense brushes, implying this growth factor should be accessible for further binding of corresponding cell membrane receptors. Finally, to demonstrate the impact of PSPMA brushes for BMP2 capture, dermal fibroblasts were then cultured at the surface of functionalised PSPMA brushes. The presence of BMP2 and the architecture of the brush are found to have a significant impact on matrix deposition at corresponding interfaces. Therefore, PSPMA brushes emerge as attractive coatings for scaffold engineering and the stable capture of BMP2 for regenerative medicine applications.
Towards a Full Configurational Accuracy Calculation of an Arbitrary Molecule via Fragment Embedding and a Stochastic Solver
Authors: Sun Yi
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a stochastic solver, Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo with the initiator approximation (i-FCIQMC), to converge fragment embedding calculations, namely Bootstrap Embedding (BE). We first propose and test a general protocol to converge BE-i-FCIQMC calculations, then suggest how the quality of the calculation compares against deterministic BE-FCI using different numbers of walkers. We then demonstrate that BE-i-FCIQMC can perform as well as BE-FCI in the large walker limit, and how different factors, including the size of the Hilbert space of the fragments, the number of walkers and the nature of the chemical system affect the achievable matching error. We finally perform BE-FCI calculations in realistic systems like benzene and cyclohexane using a double-zeta basis set. This work demonstrates the potential of performing FCI quality calculations in realistic systems using BE.
Optimized Substrate Positioning Enables Switches in C–H Cleavage Site and Reaction Outcome in the Hydroxylation-Epoxidation Sequence Catalyzed by Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase
Authors: Wenger Eliott , Martinie Ryan , Ushimaru Richiro , Pollock Christopher , Sil Debangsu , Li Aaron , Hoang Nhi , Palowitch Gavin , Graham Brandt , Schaperdoth Irene , Burke Evan , Maggiolo Ailiena , Chang Wei-Chen , Allen Benjamin , Krebs Carsten , Silakov Alexey , Boal Amie , Bollinger Jr. J. Martin
Published: March 2024

Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) is an Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (Fe/2OG) oxygenase that catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of scopolamine, a prolifically administered anti-nausea drug. After its namesake first reaction, H6H couples the newly installed C6-bonded oxygen to C7 to form the epoxide of scopolamine. Oxoiron(IV) (ferryl) intermediates initiate both reactions by cleaving C–H bonds, but it remains unclear how the enzyme switches target site and promotes (C6)O–C7 coupling in preference to C7 hydroxylation in the second step. In one possible epoxidation mechanism, the C6 oxygen would – analogously to mechanisms proposed for the Fe/2OG halogenases and, in a parallel study, N-acetylnorloline synthase (LolO) – coordinate as alkoxide to the C7–H-cleaving ferryl intermediate to enable alkoxyl coupling to the ensuing C7 radical. Here we provide structural and kinetic evidence that H6H instead exploits the distinct spatial dependencies of competitive C–H-cleavage (C6 vs C7) and C–O-coupling (oxygen rebound vs cyclization) steps to promote the two-step sequence without substrate coordination or repositioning for the epoxidation step. Structural comparisons of ferryl-mimicking vanadyl complexes of wild-type H6H and a variant that preferentially 7-hydroxylates instead of epoxidizing 6β-hydroxyhyoscyamine suggest that only a modest (~ 10°) shift in the Fe–O–H(C7) approach angle is sufficient to change the outcome. The observation that, in wild-type H6H, ²H₂O solvent also increases the C7-hydroxylation:epoxidation ratio by ~ 8-fold implies that the latter outcome requires cleavage of the alcohol O-H bond, which, unlike in the LolO oxacyclization, is not accomplished in advance of C–H cleavage.
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Radical Cations: Synthesis and Application to [2π+2σ] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Tyler Jasper , Schäfer Felix , Shao Huiling , Stein Colin , Wong Audrey , Daniliuc Constantin , Houk Ken , Glorius Frank
Published: March 2024

As the chemistry that surrounds the field of strained hydrocarbons, such as bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, continues to expand, it becomes increasingly advantageous to develop alternative reactivity modes that harness their unique properties to access new regions of chemical space. Herein, we report the use of photoredox catalysis to promote the single-electron oxidation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. The synthetic utility of the resulting radical cations is highlighted by their ability to undergo highly regio- and diastereoselective [2π+2σ] cycloaddition reactions. The most notable feature of this transformation is the breadth of alkene classes that can be employed, including non-activated alkenes, which have so far been elusive for previous strategies. A rigorous mechanistic investigation, in conjunction with DFT computation, was undertaken in order to better understand the physical nature of bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl radical cations and thus provides a platform from which further studies into the synthetic applications of these intermediates can be built upon.
FROG : exploiting all-atom Molecular Dynamics trajectories to calculate linear and non-linear optical responses of molecular liquids within Dalton’s QM/MM polarizable embedding scheme
Authors: Guillaume Le Breton , Oriane Bonhomme , Emmanuel Benichou , Loison Claire
Published: March 2024

Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are interesting to model the impact of a complex environment on the spectroscopic properties of a molecule. In this context, FROG code is a tool to exploit molecular dynamics trajectories to perform QM/MM calculations of molecular optical properties. FROG stands for 'FROm molecular dynamics to second harmonic Generation' since it was developed for the calculations of hyperpolarizabilities. These are relevant to model non-linear optical intensities, and compare them with those obtained from second harmonic scattering or second harmonic generation experiments. FROG's specificity is that it is designed to study simple molecular liquids, including solvents or mixtures, from the bulk to the surface. For the QM/MM calculations, FROG relies on the Dalton package: its electronic-structure models, response theory and polarizable embedding (PE) schemes. FROG helps with the global workflow needed to deal with numerous QM/MM calculations: it permits the user to separate the system into QM and MM fragments, to write \Dalton’s inputs, to manage the submission of QM/MM calculations, to check whether \Dalton’s calculation finished successfully, and finally to perform averages on relevant QM observables. All molecules within the simulation box and several time steps are tackled within the same workflow. The platform is written in Python and installed as a package. Intermediate data such as local electric fields or individual molecular properties are accessible to the users in the form of Python object arrays. The resulting data are easily extracted, analyzed, and visualized using Python scripts that are provided in tutorials.
Predicting Spin States of Iron Porphyrins with DFT Methods Including Crystal Packing Effects and Thermodynamic Corrections
Authors: Radon Mariusz
Published: March 2024

Accurate computational treatment of spin states for transition metal complexes, exemplified by iron porphyrins, lies at the heart of quantum bioinorganic chemistry, but at the same time represents a great challenge for approximate density functional theory (DFT) methods, which are predominantly used. Here, the accuracy of DFT methods for spin–state splittings in iron porphyrin is assessed by probing the ability to correctly predict the ground states for six Fe(III) or Fe(II) complexes experimentally characterized in solid state. For each case, molecular and periodic DFT calculations are employed to quantify the effect of porphyrin side substituents and the crystal packing effect (CPE) on the spin–state splitting. It is proposed to partition the total CPE into additive components, the direct and structural one, the importance of which is shown to significantly vary from case to case. By knowing the substituent effect, the CPE, and the Gibbs free energy thermodynamic correction from calculations, one can employ the experimental ground-state information in order to derive a quantitative constraint on the electronic energy difference for a simplified (porphin) model of the experimentally characterized metalloporphyrin. The constraints derived in such a way—in the form of single or double inequalities—are used to assess the accuracy of dispersion-corrected DFT methods for 6 spin–state splittings of [Fe(III)(P)(2-MeIm)2]+, [Fe(III)(P)(2-MeIm)]+, [Fe(II)(P)(THF)2] and [Fe(II)(P)] models (where P is porphin, 2-MeIm is 2-methylimidazole, THF is tetrahydrofuran). These data constitute the new benchmark set of spin states for crystalline iron porphyrins (SSCIP6). The highest accuracy is obtained in the case of double-hybrid functionals (B2PLYP-D3, DSD-PBEB95-D3), whereas hybrid functionals, especially those with reduced admixture of the exact exchange (B3LYP*-D3, TPSSh-D3), are found to considerably overstabilize the intermediate spin state, leading to incorrect ground-state prediction in Fe(III) porphyrins. The present approach, which can be generalized to other transition metal complexes, is not only useful in method benchmarking, but also sheds light on the interpretations of experimental data for metalloporphyrins, which are important models to understand the electronic properties of heme proteins.
A Comprehensive Analysis of National and Supranational Approaches to Refugee Migration within the Framework of European Integration
Authors: Gomez-Coronado Julia
Published: March 2024

This essay examines the European Union’s (EU) response to refugee migration, focusing on policy contributions, national approaches, and prospects for collaboration. By analyzing the 2015 European migrant crisis and the ongoing Ukrainian refugee crisis, it elucidates the complexities surrounding refugee migration in the EU. The study explores EU legislative developments, including the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, and evaluates divergent national perspectives, ideological barriers, and challenges to collaboration within the organization. It underscores the importance of solidarity and equitable burden-sharing in addressing refugee migration. Using theoretical analysis and empirical evidence, this paper offers insights into the EU’s efforts to manage refugee migration and the implications for future policymaking and collaboration.
Impacts of Puritan Society on the New England Witchcraft Trials
Authors: Marko Sarah
Published: March 2024

One of the most popularized events of early colonial America is that of the witchcraft trials in New England. Puritans fleeing the English Reformation settled in New England in the seventeenth century, bringing aspects of English tradition and culture with them. As a result, English ideas of witchcraft became entwined with New England culture. This paper seeks to identify and explain the correlation between Puritan society in New England and the witchcraft accusations of the seventeenth century using both primary and secondary sources. The role of femininity, as outlined by Puritan society, is considered for its relationship to witchery. This paper will first outline the process of witchcraft accusations in Puritan society. The broad and specific characteristics of women accused of witchcraft will also be examined in this paper, along with the realities of execution.