bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Development Mechanism and Criterion of Upward Fractures in Longwall Face Mining
Authors: Cao Jian , Su Haitao , Li Jianwei , Wu Xiangye , Wang Eryu
Published: April 2023

After mining, upward fractures develop from bottom to top, and they are key channel for groundwater and gas flow and also sand burst; therefore, it is important to study the development mechanism and criterion of upward fractures. Combining with physical simulation and theoretical analysis, the development law of mining‐induced upward fractures was revealed, and the mechanism and criterion of fracture propagation was studied. The results show that the development of mining‐induced upward fractures can be divided into the following three stages: with the face advances from the open cut, the vertical fractures are generated at the mining boundary, and the roof is flexural but not caved; it is “Fractures generate stage.” After roof caves, the upward fractures extend and develop upward along the caving angle with continue advances; it is “Fractures develop and extend stage.” When the face reaches critical mining, the development height of the upward fractures is at its maximum and is basically invariable; it is “Fractures stabilization stage.” Mining‐induced fractures can be analyzed as mixed‐type fractures in fracture mechanics; when the combined stress exceeds the critical strength of stratum, it will extend downward until penetrate through the stratum, and the upward fracture develops and extends upwards. The parameter controlling the fracture of the rock stratum is the maximum hoop tensile stress σ(θ)max, at the fracture end, the theoretical model of fracture propagation was established, and the criterion of upward fractures was proposed.
Coordinate Control for an SMIB Power System with an SVC
Authors: Kada Belkacem , Bensenouci Ahmed K.
Published: April 2023

To improve power quality in power systems vulnerable to current disturbances and unbalanced loads, a hybrid control scheme is proposed in the present paper. A hybrid adaptive robust control strategy is devised for an SMIB power system equipped with a static VAR compensator to ensure robust transient stability and voltage regulation (SVC). High-order sliding mode control is combined with a dynamic adaptive backstepping algorithm to form the basis of this technique. To create controllers amenable to practical implementation, this method uses a high-order SMIB-SVC model and introduces dynamic constraints, in contrast to prior approaches. Improved transient and steady-state performances of the turbine steam-valve system are the goals of the dynamic backstepping controller. A Lyapunov-based adaptation law is developed to address the ubiquitous occurrence of parametric and nonparametric uncertainty in electrical power transmission systems due to the damping coefficient, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbance. High-order sliding mode (HOSM) control is used for generator excitation and SVC devices to construct finite-time controllers. The necessary derivatives for HOSM control are calculated using high-order numerical differentiators to prevent simulation instability and convergence issues. Simulations demonstrate that the suggested method outperforms conventionally coordinated and hybrid adaptive control schemes regarding actuation efficiency and stability.
Effect of Humulus lupulus L. (Hop) on Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vahedpoorfard Zahra , Ferdosi Samira , Rahimi Habibollah , Motedayyen Hossein
Published: April 2023

Objective. Female sexual dysfunction is a common distressing problem among women, which may result from reducing circulating endogenous estrogen. Humulus lupulus L. (hop) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and estrogenic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of hop on postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Methods. In the current randomized clinical trial, study populations consisted of 63 postmenopausal women who were randomly categorized into two groups. In the hop group (N = 33), women received the vaginal gel containing Hop extract every day for seven days and then continued for two months, twice weekly. In the estradiol group (N = 30), women were treated with vaginal estradiol (0.625 mg) over two 28-day cycles (21 days of therapy and seven days rest). The sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before and after intervention. Results. No statistically significant differences in FSFI scores (sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, sexual pain, and total FSFI) (

P

 > 0.05) were noticed after treatment between the hop and estradiol groups. Conclusion. Vaginal hop was as effective as estradiol in improving the sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women with no adverse events. This trial is registered with IRCT20210405050859N1.
Supplementary Table S2 from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Significant genes in 10 clusters identified through spatial transcriptomics of brain tissues from a GBM mouse model.
Supplementary Fig. S7 from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Perivascular location assessments of biglycan expression in the human GBM microenvironment.
Supplementary Data from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Legends of Supplementary figures and tables.
Data from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with extensive intratumoral heterogeneity that contributes to treatment resistance. Spatial characterization of GBMs could provide insights into the role of the brain tumor microenvironment in regulating intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we performed spatial transcriptomic and single-cell analyses of the mouse and human GBM microenvironment to dissect the impact of distinct anatomical regions of brains on GBM. In a syngeneic GBM mouse model, spatial transcriptomics revealed that numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including biglycan, were elevated in areas infiltrated with brain tumor–initiating cells (BTIC). Single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing showed that ECM molecules were differentially expressed by GBM cells based on their differentiation and cellular programming phenotypes. Exogeneous biglycan or overexpression of biglycan resulted in a higher proliferation rate of BTICs, which was associated mechanistically with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) binding and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biglycan-overexpressing BTICs developed into larger tumors and displayed mesenchymal phenotypes when implanted intracranially in mice. This study points to the spatial heterogeneity of ECM molecules in GBM and suggests that the biglycan–LRP6 axis could be a therapeutic target to curb tumor growth.
Significance:
Characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of glioblastoma identifies regulators of brain tumor–initiating cells and tumor growth that could serve as candidates for therapeutic interventions to improve the prognosis of patients.
FOXA2 Cooperates with Mutant KRAS to Drive Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Tomoshige Koichi , Stuart William D. , Fink-Baldauf Iris M. , Ito Masaoki , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Nagayasu Takeshi , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Okada Morihito , Fukazawa Takuya , Guo Minzhe , Maeda Yutaka
Published: April 2023

The endoderm-lineage transcription factor FOXA2 has been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis in in vitro and xenograft studies using lung cancer cell lines. However, FOXA2 expression in primary lung tumors does not correlate with an improved patient survival rate, and the functional role of FOXA2 in primary lung tumors remains elusive. To understand the role of FOXA2 in primary lung tumors in vivo, here, we conditionally induced the expression of FOXA2 along with either of the two major lung cancer oncogenes, EGFRL858R or KRASG12D, in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice. Notably, FOXA2 suppressed autochthonous lung tumor development driven by EGFRL858R, whereas FOXA2 promoted tumor growth driven by KRASG12D. Importantly, FOXA2 expression along with KRASG12D produced invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) of the lung, a fatal mucus-producing lung cancer comprising approximately 5% of human lung cancer cases. In the mouse model in vivo and human lung cancer cells in vitro, FOXA2 activated a gene regulatory network involved in the key mucous transcription factor SPDEF and upregulated MUC5AC, whose expression is critical for inducing IMA. Coexpression of FOXA2 with mutant KRAS synergistically induced MUC5AC expression compared with that induced by FOXA2 alone. ChIP-seq combined with CRISPR interference indicated that FOXA2 bound directly to the enhancer region of MUC5AC and induced the H3K27ac enhancer mark. Furthermore, FOXA2 was found to be highly expressed in primary tumors of human IMA. Collectively, this study reveals that FOXA2 is not only a biomarker but also a driver for IMA in the presence of a KRAS mutation.

Significance:

FOXA2 expression combined with mutant KRAS drives invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung by synergistically promoting a mucous transcriptional program, suggesting strategies for targeting this lung cancer type that lacks effective therapies.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Mediating Effects of Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Deprivation
Authors: Sokale Itunu O. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Montealegre Jane R. , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Mortality from cervical cancer has declined steadily in the United States over the past several decades due to widespread screening for precancerous and early-stage cervical cancer (ECC), which are significantly easier to treat compared with late-stage cervical cancer (LCC). Unequal screening access continues to cause significant racial/ethnic disparities in cervical cancer diagnosis stage. This study examined the underlying role of neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage as a potential mediator of the association between race/ethnicity and cervical cancer diagnosis stage.

Methods:

We analyzed Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical cancer cases diagnosed among women ages 18 or older from 2010 to 2018. We performed causal mediation analyses of the association between race/ethnicity and cervical cancer stage at diagnosis mediated by neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage.

Results:

Of the 9,192 women with cervical cancer, 4,720 (51.3%) had LCC at diagnosis. Compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) women (106.13, standard deviation (SD) = 13.32), non-Hispanic Black (NHB; 111.46, SD = 9.55) and Hispanic (112.32, SD = 9.42) women had higher area deprivation index (ADI) and had greater odds of LCC diagnosis [total effects: adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.29 (95% CI, 1.11–1.46) and AOR 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03–1.25), respectively]. Approximately 34.7% and 71.6% of the disparity in LCC diagnosis were attributable to higher neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage among NHB and Hispanic women, respectively.

Conclusions:

LCC disparity varied by race/ethnicity and was partly attributable to neighborhood disadvantage. The disparity among Hispanic women due to neighborhood deprivation was twice as high among NHB women.

Impact:

Findings may be used to develop targeted race- and place-specific interventions to improve cancer care equity.
A View on Drug Development for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Reynolds Andrew R. , Moschetta Michele , Yohannes Alula R. , Walcott Farzana , Ashford Marianne , Szucs Zoltan , Sarbajna Tina , Hadfield James , Harrison Eden , Challis Benjamin G. , Hernandez Amaya Gasco , Schiavon Gaia , Germa Caroline , Zorenyi Gyorgy , Crean Barry , Galbraith Susan
Published: April 2023

Despite some notable successes, there are still relatively few agents approved for cancer prevention. Here we review progress thus far in the development of medicines for cancer prevention, and we outline some key concepts that could further enable or accelerate drug development for cancer prevention in the future. These are summarized under six key themes: (i) unmet clinical need, (ii) patient identification, (iii) risk stratification, (iv) pharmacological intervention, (v) clinical trials, and (vi) health care policy. These concepts, if successfully realized, may help to increase the number of medicines available for cancer prevention.

Significance:

The huge potential public health benefits of preventing cancer, combined with recent advances in the availability of novel early detection technologies and new treatment modalities, has caused us to revisit the opportunities and challenges associated with developing medicines to prevent cancer. Here we review progress in the field of developing medicines to prevent cancer to date, and we present a series of ideas that might help in the development of more medicines to prevent cancer in the future.
Achieving the Goals of the Cancer Moonshot Requires Progress against All Cancers
Authors: Bertagnolli Monica M. , Carnival Danielle , Jaffee Elizabeth M.
Published: April 2023

In February 2022, President Joseph R. Biden made reducing age-adjusted cancer mortality by at least 50% over the next 25 years a key goal of the Cancer Moonshot. Although recent progress puts this goal within reach, succeeding will require major commitments to progress on all fronts: basic research, clinical and translational research, health care delivery, and public health.

See related article by Shiels et al., p. 1084 (2).
Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor versus Aspirin and Clopidogrel for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Vascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Xibo , Li Danfeng , Liu Shihua , Chen Yan , Zhong Ping
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Currently, it is still controversial to treat stroke with ticagrelor alone. The purpose of our study was to systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor on cerebrovascular outcomes in patients with vascular risk factors. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were systematically searched using the keywords stroke, ticagrelor, clopidogrel, and aspirin to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes included reported stroke, ischemic stroke, and complex events; the secondary outcome was hemorrhagic stroke. The safety outcomes included major bleeding events, major or minor bleeding, and intracranial bleeding. The pooled odds ratio (OR), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. We used I2 statistics to assess statistical heterogeneity. Results: This meta-analysis included 15 RCTs involving 63,865 patients. Compared to the control group, ticagrelor reduced the risk of stroke (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, p = 0.03; I2 = 3%), ischemic stroke (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.90, p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%). Ticagrelor was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84–1.06, p = 0.31; I2 = 62%), major bleeding (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.97–1.15, p = 0.20; I2 = 17%), hemorrhagic strokes (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.76–1.96, p = 0.41; I2 = 0%), and intracranial hemorrhage (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.78–1.43, p = 0.71; I2 = 12%). There was an increased risk of major or minor bleeding with ticagrelor compared to the control group (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.19–1.66, p < 0.0001; I2 = 56%). Additional analyses demonstrated that ticagrelor reduced the risk of incident recurrent stroke (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75–0.93, p = 0.0009; I2 = 0%), recurrent ischemic stroke (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71–0.89, p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) among patients with a history of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). There were no significant differences in safety outcomes. Conclusion: Ticagrelor is slightly better than clopidogrel and aspirin in preventing stroke, especially ischemic stroke, with significant safety risks. For patients with a history of AIS/TIA, the use of ticagrelor was superior to the use of clopidogrel or aspirin in reducing the risk of subsequent stroke. We believe that ticagrelor is a potential alternative to aspirin or clopidogrel in some cases, especially for patients with CYP2C19 deficiency.
Development of IoTs-based instrument monitoring application for smart farming using solar panels as energy source
Authors: Setiawan Yovanka Davincy , Ghilchrist Bryan , Giovan Gerry , Widianto Mochammad Haldi
Published: April 2023

Indonesia is currently carrying out an industrial revolution 4.0. This revolution discusses the application of technology in the industrial sector, one of which is the agricultural sector. In addition to discussing the application of technology, this revolution also supports the use of renewable energy sources and one of them is the application of solar energy. The application of technology in the agricultural sector is expected to help farmers in maintaining crops to reduce the possibility of crop failure. The existence of this statement makes researchers conduct research in the design and construction of systems with internet of things (IoT) technology and utilize solar energy sources as energy sources for the system. The IoT system will utilize the ATmega328P+ESP8266 RobotDyn microcontroller by utilizing the DHT22, MD0127, soil moisture sensor, and BH1750FVI sensors and sending data to Thingspeak by utilizing the internet network with HTTP communication protocols. The system can monitor ecological factors in gardens with a fairly good degree of accuracy and the utilization of solar energy can run the system properly.
POLLINATION ECOLOGY, BREEDING SYSTEMS AND SEED DISPERSAL IN PASSIFLORA FOETIDA L. (PASSIFLORACEAE), A PERENNIAL HERBACEOUS CLIMBER WEED IN SOUTHERN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.
Authors: MALLIKARJUNA RAO M.
Published: April 2023

Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae) is an herbaceous climber weed; grows up to 1.5 - 6.5m tall occur in riverbeds, wastelands, forest floors, crop fields, and roadsides, ascend about 4 to 10 m (13 to 32 feet) tall, exhibit peak flowering in July to December; produce white flowers marked with a ring of radially oriented purple streaks nectar guide, the flower opens along with sunrise and closes the same day noon. It exhibits three kinds of stigma positions in the same plant with different frequencies which determined the fertility rate of flower 1. Stigma below the anthers 64% (fully curved), 2. Stigmas above the anthers 16% (no curvature), 3. Stigmas above anthers 20% (partially curved). P. foetida flower shows both self-pollination and Cross-pollination. Xylocopa latipas sp. visits the flowers frequently among all of the forages and the Stigmas curved below the anthers produce height fruit set (68%) and seed set (82.14%). The fruits and seeds spread far destinations by animals (Zoochory). It cultivates in agricultural fields for their ornamental flowers, edible fruits, and pharmaceutical uses. The present study explored ecological importance, reproductive ecology and the pollinator interaction of the plant.
Sífilis congênita no Município do Rio de Janeiro, 2016-2020: perfil epidemiológico e completude dos registros
Authors: Paiva Maria Fernanda da Costa Moreira de , Fonseca Sandra Costa
Published: April 2023

Introdução: A sífilis congênita mantém-se como problema de saúde no Brasil, especialmente na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com números para esse agravo acima da média do país. Essa doença é um marcador para a avaliação da qualidade da assistência à saúde materno-infantil, por poder ser evitada a partir de medidas como diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da gestante. Objetivos: Este estudo transversal descreveu o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de sífilis congênita (SC) no município do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos de 2016 a 2020, no que se refere a dados sociodemográficos maternos, do pré-natal e da evolução do quadro, assim como as taxas de incidência totais e segundo esses fatores. Adicionalmente, foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade fetal e infantil. Também se avaliou o grau de completude das variáveis da ficha de SC. Métodos: Foram incluídos todos os casos notificados de sífilis congênita na cidade durante o período estudado, a partir dos registros do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram utilizados o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) como base de dados para os cálculos das taxas de incidência e de mortalidade. Resultados: Entre 2016 e 2020, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro apresentou elevadas taxas de sífilis congênita, chegando a uma incidência de 18,6/1000 nascidos vivos em 2020, com mais de 90% de casos de SC recente. A maioria ocorreu em mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social – pretas, adolescentes, com baixa escolaridade e sem acesso à assistência pré-natal. Destaca-se ainda o baixo grau de completude de algumas variáveis e a divergência encontrada entre os dados de mortalidade do SIM e do SINAN, ambos fatores que prejudicam o adequado conhecimento do agravo. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços, muito ainda precisa ser realizado para o controle da sífilis congênita no município do Rio de Janeiro.
Direitos humanos e covid-19: diálogos a partir da racialização da população negra
Authors: Costa Célia Souza da , Araújo Danielle Ferreira Medeiro da Silva de , Guimarães Walkyria Chagas da Silva Santos
Published: April 2023

Este artigo teve como objetivo discutir os efeitos da covid-19 sobre os direitos humanos da população negra brasileira, questionando a própria concepção de direitos humanos, a partir de autores e autoras que discutem a necessidade de racializar este debate. Para a análise,  utilizou-se a metodologia fenomenológica dialética. Concluiu-se que a lógica do “pretuguês”  surge como uma racionalidade que tensiona a produção do direito e a atuação do Estado e  das políticas públicas em prol dos direitos humanos dos povos da periferia. Concluiu-se  também que o dilema pandêmico causado pela covid-19 pode ser uma base para se  repensarem as consequências do racismo estrutural, considerando que somente a partir de uma mudança de postura estatal e com a ação dos movimentos sociais será possível a efetivação dos direitos humanos, em especial os da população negra.
Experiências Narrativas de Jovens nas Periferias de São Paulo: Identidades, Representações e as Linguagens da Cultura
Authors: Arruda André Ribeiro Passos de
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo visou apresentar uma reflexão acerca de processos de construção de identidades, por meio de mecanismos de ação cultural, política e recursos midiáticos, mobilizados por jovens participantes de oficinas de criação audiovisual em organizações da sociedade civil, nos territórios periféricos do contexto urbano da cidade de São Paulo, no período de 2002 a 2007. Buscou-se utilizar uma abordagem metodológica transdisciplinar em uma perspectiva relacionada aos eixos temáticos da área dos Estudos Culturais. Esses jovens, em diferentes graus de organização, constroem identidades coletivas, organizam-se solidariamente, realizam interlocuções, reconhecem-se como alvo de direitos e constituem-se em e agentes de tranformação da sociedade.
Universidad popular madres de plaza de mayo: educação como projeto de resistência
Authors: Sadaike Patrícia
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a proposta educacional da Universidad Popular Madres de Plaza de Mayo. A instituição foi fundada por um grupo de mães que desafiou o governo militar argentino ao ocupar a Plaza de Mayo e realizar rondas semanalmente para cobrar informações sobre o desaparecimento de seus filhos. A UPMPM iniciou suas atividades acadêmicas no ano 2000 com o objetivo manter vivo os ideais e a memória dos militantes mortos e desaparecidos durante a ditadura e também viabilizar uma educação que visa à conscientização do indivíduo para que este alcance um grau cada vez mais elevado da sua prática política e, assim, superar e não naturalizar a opressão social imposta pela ordem do capital.
Rural e Urbano: saberes e práticas agroecológicas na percepção de grupos indígenas e não indígenas permeados pela educação
Authors: Martins Flávia Targa , Ferreira Francisco Pontes de Miranda , Chaves Valeria da Conceição
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo constitui-se num instrumento de percepção e reflexão dos saberes e práticas agroecológicas visando a sua análise na Escola Agrícola Municipal Nilo Batista, em Cabo Frio/RJ e na Aldeia Maracanã, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ. A análise destas relações pretende explorar conceitos como: agroecologia, territorialidade, sustentabilidade e educação sua aplicação em ambos espaços, no período de 2018 a 2021. A partir, da pesquisa bibliográfica e do estudo comparativo dos dois grupos pretende-se apresentar uma análise detalhada de suas características, semelhanças e diferenças, enfatizando as práticas agroecológicas presentes na Escola Agrícola (não indígena) e na proposta da primeira universidade indígena idealizada pela Aldeia Maracanã.
Códigos morais e sociais da vida urbana de Campinas: a prostituição (1940-1965)
Authors: Negrão Ana Maria Melo
Published: April 2023

Essa pesquisa vinculada ao CMU, ao abordar a Prostituição, além de leituras, legislação, fotografia, quadros, utilizou o método da história oral com entrevistas gravadas para desvendar o que os documentos silenciavam. Os depoimentos e relatos de vida de 60 homens e 20 mulheres, incluindo prostitutas, propiciaram um manancial de dados para mapear os locais de prazer e erotismo a cidade de Campinas de 1940 a 1965, em que os prostíbulos favoreciam as práticas sexuais aos homens, enquanto a mulher dedicava-se ao lar, aos filhos, a servir o marido com pudor, sem direito à realização sexual. Os papéis femininos e masculinos seguiam os códigos morais, sociais e religiosos daquele contexto social.
High‐Intensity Statin Reduces the Risk of Mortality Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bea Sungho , Oh In‐Sun , Kim Ju Hwan , Sinn Dong Hyun , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Shin Ju‐Young
Published: April 2023

Background

2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guideline recommends statin in patients with chronic and/or stable liver disease for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease yet remains equivocal on the adequate intensity of statin for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We aimed to assess the association between statin intensity and mortality among patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study in South Korea. We assessed the risk of survival and clinical outcomes using inverse probability of treatment‐weighted Cox proportional hazards regression. We also estimated the absolute risk difference between treatment groups based on the Poisson distribution. During an average of 2.35 person‐years, 10 442 patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were identified. Among those patients, 5515 (52.8%) received high‐intensity statin, and 4927 (47.2%) received low/moderate‐intensity statin. High‐intensity statin was associated with lower risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75–0.92]), cardiovascular‐cause mortality (HR, 0.85 [0.71–1.01]), liver‐cause mortality (HR, 0.72 [0.54–0.97]) compared with low/moderate‐intensity statin. Although both hospitalizations for recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke were shown to be increased among high‐intensity statin users, effect estimate was homogeneous in the absolute scale (myocardial infarction: HR, 1.12 [1.04–1.19], risk difference, 7.57 [−0.69 to 15.84] per 1000 person‐years; stroke: HR, 1.11 [0.97 to 1.27]; risk difference, −1.70 [−5.19 to 1.78]).

Conclusions

Among patients with CLD with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, high‐intensity statin was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality. These findings herein support the guidelines for statin use in patients with CLD while demonstrating potential benefit of optimal intensity use.
Urban Warming Challenges Verification of Frost Advisories and Freeze Warnings in Madison, Wisconsin
Authors: Williamson Meirah , Kucharik Christopher J.
Published: April 2023

Urban heat islands (UHIs) may increase the likelihood that frost sensitive plants will escape freezing nighttime temperatures in late spring and early fall. Using data from 151 temperature sensors in the Madison, Wisconsin, region during March 2012–October 2016, we found that during time periods when the National Weather Service (NWS) issued freeze warnings (threshold of 0.0°C) or frost advisories (threshold of 2.22°C) were valid, temperatures in Madison’s most densely populated, built-up areas often did not fall below the respective temperature thresholds. Urban locations had a mean minimum temperature of 0.72° and 1.39°C for spring and fall freeze warnings, respectively, compared to −0.52° and −0.53°C for rural locations. On average, 31% of the region’s land area experienced minimum temperatures above the respective temperature thresholds during freeze warnings and frost advisories, and the likelihood of temperatures falling below critical temperature thresholds increased as the distance away from core urban centers increased. The urban–rural temperature differences were greatest in fall compared to spring, and when sensor temperatures did drop below thresholds, the maximum time spent at or below thresholds was highest for rural locations during fall freeze warnings (6.2 h) compared to urban locations (4.8 h). These findings potentially have widely varying implications for the general public and industry. UHIs create localized, positive perturbations to nighttime temperatures that are difficult to account for in forecasts; therefore, freeze warnings and frost advisories may have varying degrees of verification in medium-sized cities like Madison, Wisconsin, that are surrounded by cropland and natural vegetation.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study was to understand whether the urban heat island effect in Madison, Wisconsin, creates localized temperature patterns where county-scale frost advisories and freeze warnings may not verify. Approximately one-third of Madison’s urban core area and most densely populated region experienced temperatures that were consistently above critical low temperature thresholds. This is important because gardening and crop management decisions are responsive to the perceived risk of cold temperatures in spring and fall that can damage or kill plants. These results suggest that urban warming presents forecast challenges to the issuance of frost advisories and freeze warnings, supporting the need for improved numerical weather prediction at higher spatial resolution to account for complex urban meteorology.
Design and performance research on the automatic sweat-treating fabrics used for ski suits
Authors: Han Lun , Zhao Zhiqi , Yuan Huifen , Cao Ying , Liu Feng , Yu Bin
Published: April 2023

Skiers sweat a lot during training, and the sweat will create a wet-cold type environment between the ski suit and the athlete, reducing the wearer’s comfort. In this study, high hygroscopic materials and hydrophobic functional particles were integrated onto the inner fabric of the ski suit by dipping, scraping, spraying and other methods. A kind of fabric with automatic sweat-treating function used for ski suits was developed and the sweat-guiding, sweat-absorbing, sweat-holding, breathing and thermal insulation properties of the samples were tested by using a liquid guiding performance tester, a water content tester, an infrared thermal imager, a thermal plate, an air permeability tester, a moisture permeability tester and other equipment. The results show that the method of changing the hydrophobic properties of different areas of fabric surface and combining and distributing fabrics with different absorbing properties can be used actively to guide the flow direction of sweat on the fabric surface. The samples designed in this study can effectively delay the time for the ski suits to enter the wet-cold type state. Treated samples can effectively protect the insulation layer from being affected by sweat and steam. Before and after sweat absorption, the temperature of the insulation layer of treated samples changes relatively slowly compared with the control group. After finishing, the breathability of the sample decreased, while it still had a good breathability. In conclusion, the automatic sweat-treating fabric developed in this study has good sweat-treating performance.
Correlates of poor clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 among older people with psychiatric illness - a mixed methods study
Authors: Abdulrahman Surajudeen , Al-Balushi Naser , Holdcroft-Long Jason , Khan Uzma , Ravindran Bipin , Das Sujata , Rajkumar Anto P
Published: April 2023

Objective

COVID-19 may lead to a range of clinical outcomes among older people with psychiatric and medical conditions. Evidence guiding management of future outbreaks among this vulnerable population in psychiatric hospital settings are sparse. In this study, we examined the correlates of poor clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 and explored the perspectives of COVID-19 survivors hospitalized in psychiatry settings.

Method

The correlates of poor clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 were examined using a retrospective chart review of 81 older people hospitalized in psychiatry settings. Correlates of clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. In addition, the perspectives of 10 COVID-19 survivors were explored by qualitative interviews. The qualitative data was subject to thematic analysis.

Results

Although 25.9% (n = 21) participants were asymptomatic, there was high COVID-19 related mortality (14.8%; n = 12). Vitamin-D deficiency, anticholinergic burden, and isolation policies within psychiatric wards were significantly ( p < 0.05) related to COVID-19 related deaths. In qualitative interviews, participants emphasized the importance of strengthening local support networks and making vaccination centers more accessible.

Conclusions

Reducing anticholinergic prescriptions and improving isolation policies may help to mitigate poor clinical outcomes. Future research investigating the impact of vitamin-D supplementation on COVID-19 related outcomes is warranted.
The Effects of “Media Tech Neck”: The Impact of Spinal Flexion on Cognitive and Emotional Processing of Videos
Authors: Cores-Sarría Lucía , Han Jingjing , Myrick Jessica G. , Potter Robert F.
Published: April 2023

Adoption of mobile devices (e.g., smart phones and tablets) has popularized a neck-down posture during media consumption that is different from the traditional upright body posture for video viewing. A neck-down posture exerts substantial pressure upon the spine, and this posture has been previously linked to psychological effects. This study advances the literature by studying the impact of posture effects on processing audiovisual information. In a mixed design experiment ( N = 87), the effect of neck posture when viewing 24 video PSAs was tested using physiological and self-report measures. Multilevel modeling analyses of heart rate and corrugator data showed that spinal flexion lowered attentional engagement and caused incongruent emotional responses to the messages compared to a neutral spine posture. However, spinal-flexion participants exhibited greater skin conductance, counter to the predicted emotional disengagement. The impact of neck posture on message processing was largest at the beginning of the experiment and faded over time.
Why Do Journalists Face Varying Degrees of Digital Hostility? Examining the Interplay Between Minority Identity and Celebrity Capital
Authors: Stahel Lea
Published: April 2023

This study compares two explanations why some journalists are targeted more than others, both by general digital hostility and specifically by identity-based hostility, job-related hostility, and severe hostility such as threats and repeat offences. The first explains targeting by identity, especially of historically disadvantaged groups such as women and migrants; the second explains targeting by celebrity: journalists with larger audiences, greater social media presence, more television work, and focus on political coverage are targeted more. A Swiss survey of 568 journalists shows that celebrity mainly explains targeting with general hostility, whereas the effects of identity vary for different types of hostility. Additional interactions suggest that historically disadvantaged groups tend to experience more digital hostility, but only with increasing celebrity capital. This study emphasizes how hostility types differentiate explanatory values. Further, it contributes an innovative celebrity explanation and demonstrates how interactions can illuminate the tangled relation between identity, visibility, and hostility.
Reciprocal Relationships Between Adolescents’ Incidental Exposure to Climate-Related Social Media Content and Online Climate Change Engagement
Authors: Rousseau Ann
Published: April 2023

This study examined whether incidental exposure (IE) to climate content on social media can foster online climate change engagement among mid-to-late adolescents, using two-wave panel data ( Nw1 & w2 = 574) gathered among Flemish adolescents (14–19). Structural equation analyses indicated that online climate change engagement positively predicted IE 4 months later, but not vice versa. IE did not significantly relate to online engagement 4 months later, irrespective of level of climate interest. However, we observed an antecedent role for climate interest; Higher climate interest was reflected in more online climate change engagement. Moreover, IE translated into higher levels of online climate change engagement among adolescents reporting high levels of injunctive peer norms. These findings suggest that social media are reinforcing rather than equalizing gaps in online climate change engagement and demonstrate how dispositional and social factors interact in shaping adolescents’ incidental social media exposure and online engagement.
Translation and validation of music performance self-efficacy scale into Turkish
Authors: Börekci Alper , Dalkiran Esra , Nacakci Zeki
Published: April 2023

The Music Performance Self-Efficacy Scale (MPSES) is an important scale designed to reflect the four sources of self-efficacy of Bandura by Zelenak, and has been used in many studies of music education in the international literature in recent years. This study was carried out to ensure the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the MPSES. Participants ( N = 613) were students (men n = 291; women n = 322) in undergraduate-level music education programs in Turkey. The translation process included the following steps, which were performed by a translation group: (1) translation into Turkish, (2) back translation into English, and (3) cross-cultural adaptation. First and second-level confirmatory factor analysis results showed good model-data fit (for one main dimension and four sub-dimensions). Therefore, the Turkish version of MPSES produced satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (α = .75–.91). Additionally, t-test results and item-total score correlation coefficients also revealed that the items re distinctive. Accordingly, The Turkish version of MPSES is a valid and reliable tool for determining the sources of music performance self-efficacy for those who will do research in Turkish.
The Application of New Approach Methodologies in Respiratory Disease Research: Their Role in Improving Translational Medicine from Bench to Bedside
Authors: da Silva Artur C.G. , Valadares Marize C.
Published: April 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak focused global attention on the shortcomings of the drug discovery process. It led to its acceleration in several areas, particularly in the processes associated with the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. This situation contrasts with the low approval rates of new drugs for respiratory system diseases (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, tuberculosis), which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this context, innovation in respiratory system drug discovery is surely needed, and it is most likely to succeed through the use of preclinical models that are cost-effective, high-throughput and generate predictive human-relevant outcomes. Here, we highlight several non-animal new approach methodologies (NAMs) and their applications in respiratory research. We describe their potential uses for efficacy and toxicity assessments, to optimise the drug development process and reduce the high failure rates in clinical trials.
Hyperlactatemia and poor outcome After postcardiotomy veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: An individual patient data meta-Analysis
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Kaserer Alexander , Perrotti Andrea , Ruggieri Vito G , Cho Sung-Min , Kang Jin Kook , Dalén Magnus , Welp Henryk , Jónsson Kristján , Ragnarsson Sigurdur , Hernández Pérez Francisco J , Gatti Giuseppe , Alkhamees Khalid , Loforte Antonio , Lechiancole Andrea , Rosato Stefano , Spadaccio Cristiano , Pettinari Matteo , Mariscalco Giovanni , Mäkikallio Timo , Sahli Sebastian D , L’Acqua Camilla , Arafat Amr A , Albabtain Monirah A , AlBarak Mohammed M , Laimoud Mohamed , Djordjevic Ilija , Krasivskyi Ihor , Samalavicius Robertas , Puodziukaite Lina , Alonso-Fernandez-Gatta Marta , Spahn Donat R , Fiore Antonio
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Postcardiotomy veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A-ECMO) is associated with significant mortality. Identification of patients at very high risk for death is elusive and the decision to initiate V-A-ECMO is based on clinical judgment. The prognostic impact of pre-V-A-ECMO arterial lactate level in these critically ill patients has been herein evaluated.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify studies on postcardiotomy VA-ECMO for the present individual patient data meta-analysis.

Results

Overall, 1269 patients selected from 10 studies were included in this analysis. Arterial lactate level at V-A-ECMO initiation was increased in patients who died during the index hospitalization compared to those who survived (9.3 vs 6.6 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). Accordingly, in hospital mortality increased along quintiles of pre-V-A-ECMO arterial lactate level (quintiles: 1, 54.9%; 2, 54.9%; 3, 67.3%; 4, 74.2%; 5, 82.2%, p < 0.0001). The best cut-off for arterial lactate was 6.8 mmol/L (in-hospital mortality, 76.7% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.0001). Multivariable multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model including arterial lactate level significantly increased the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.731, 95% CI 0.702–0.760 vs 0.679, 95% CI 0.648–0.711, DeLong test p < 0.0001). Classification and regression tree analysis showed the in-hospital mortality was 85.2% in patients aged more than 70 years with pre-V-A-ECMO arterial lactate level ≥6.8 mmol/L.

Conclusions

Among patients requiring postcardiotomy V-A-ECMO, hyperlactatemia was associated with a marked increase of in-hospital mortality. Arterial lactate may be useful in guiding the decision-making process and the timing of initiation of postcardiotomy V-A-ECMO.
Infantile B-lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Mansoor Neelum , Imran Sadia , Maqsood Sidra , Pasha Shadab , Jabbar Naeem
Published: April 2023

Infantile leukemia is a rare hematological malignancy that occurs in the first year of life. It is an aggressive disease with peculiar immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. It can be myeloid or lymphoid in origin. More than 80% of cases involve KMT2A gene rearrangement in the lymphoblastic subset, versus 50% in the myeloid subset. In this study, we present three cases of this rare entity to add knowledge about its clinical presentation and diagnostic profiles. These cases of infantile B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were retrospectively reviewed at the Department of Hematology, Section Cytogenetics at Indus Hospital and Health Network. The clinical characteristics, complete diagnostic profile, immunophenotypic profile, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results, treatments, and outcomes of the patients were assessed. All three infants were girls who presented with hyperleukocytosis, and they were diagnosed by eight-color flow cytometry. FISH studies revealed KMT2A gene rearrangement in two of the three patients. Infantile B-ALL is a biologically distinct disease carrying a poor prognosis. Female preponderance, hyperleukocytosis, and hepatosplenomegaly are common findings in this subgroup. No standard protocol for this rare entity has proven ideal for managing these young infants.
Discrete/Continuous Model for Motorcycle Ownership and Utilization Across Income Groups in a Vietnamese Medium-Sized Motorcycle-Dependent City
Authors: Ngoc An Minh , Nishiuchi Hiroaki
Published: April 2023

Understanding vehicle choice and utilization is increasingly considered in addressing motorcycle-related challenges by policymakers. However, the linkage between the discrete-continuous decisions has not been examined across income groups. This study measures the interdependence between vehicle choice and utilization for income groups in a Vietnamese medium-sized city. Model estimation results show that contributing factors to households’ motorcycle ownership include individual and household characteristics and some aspects of the built environment. However, differences exist in motorcycle ownership and utilization between low- and medium-income groups. Results from this study may suggest that households may be more likely to buy an extra motorcycle as their incomes increase and this may generate more motorcycle-related issues in the future. On the positive side, we found that the non-motorized mobility resources available in the low-income group played a key role in reducing motorcycle ownership and usage. Therefore, we suggest that medium-sized cities should develop cycling infrastructure to facilitate the mobility of low-income groups as well as promote well-established travel behavior from cyclists; then, they may be less willing to switch to motorized vehicles as their income increases.