bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dwarf galaxies in the MATLAS Survey: Hubble Space Telescope observations of the globular cluster systems of 74 ultra-diffuse galaxies
Authors: Marleau Francine R. , Duc Pierre-Alain , Poulain Mélina , Müller Oliver , Lim Sungsoon , Durrell Patrick R. , Habas Rebecca , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Paudel Sanjaya , Fensch Jérémy
Published: October 2024

Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs), characterised by their low surface brightness and large physical size, constitute a subclass of dwarf galaxies that challenge our current understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper, we probe the properties of 74 UDGs, identified in the MATLAS survey, based on a comprehensive study of their globular cluster (GC) populations. We obtained high-resolution HST imaging of these galaxies using the ACS F606W and F814W filters, which allowed us to select GCs on the basis of the colour and concentration index. After a background subtraction and completeness correction, we calculated an overall total of 387 GCs. The number of GCs per galaxy ranges from 0 to 38, with the majority (64%) having low counts (0 − 2 GCs). On average, the more massive UDGs tend to host a larger number of GCs. We find that our UDGs have specific frequencies (SN) ranging from 0 to 91, with a small population (9%) having SN > 30. The median SN of our sample is similar to the one for the Perseus cluster UDGs, despite the fact that our UDGs are found in lower density environments. The SN measurements for individual galaxies can extend beyond those found in Perseus, but remain below the values found for UDGs in the Virgo and Coma cluster. Based on a trending analysis of the SN values with the host galaxy properties, we find trends with host galaxy size, roundness, colour, and local density. For the UDGs with sufficiently high statistics, we studied 2D density maps of the GC distributions, which display a variety of appearances: symmetric, asymmetric, off-centre, and elongated. The UDGs with disturbed density maps also show disturbed stellar light morphologies. We further quantified the distribution by modelling it with a Sérsic profile, finding Re, GC/Re, gal ∼ 1.0, which indicates that the GCs follow the stellar light of the host galaxy.
A comparative study of the blue comets C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) and C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS)
Authors: Anderson S. E. , Rousselot P. , Jehin E. , Noyelles B. , Manfroid J. , Hardy P. , Robert V.
Published: October 2024

Context. The long-period comet C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) is distinguished by its early spectroscopic tail photography, which uncovered notably intense emission bands of N2+ and CO+, similar to the unusual characteristics of the atypical blue comet C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS).

Aims. To probe potential parallels with C/2016 R2 further, we revisited the historical spectroscopic plates of C/1908 R1 while leveraging the New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) project’s advanced sub-micrometric scanner.

Methods. We first reviewed the intensity ratio method, followed by a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of the original historical plates to determine the comet’s composition. Our analysis also encompassed an evaluation of C/1908 R1’s dynamic trajectory using an N-body integrator and a detailed examination of tail morphology records.

Results. Our findings suggest that C/1908 R1 experienced no significant close encounters as it crossed the inner Solar System, anchoring its origins directly in the Oort Cloud and allowing us to ascertain that this was its inaugural voyage near the Sun. We determined a N2+/CO+ ratio of ~7% along with a dust-poor composition, particularities it shares with C/2016 R2. Moreover, by synthesizing observations of the tail’s structure over the three-month period of visibility, we uncovered a link between tail dislocation events and aurora borealis sightings on Earth. This association underscores the comet tail’s heightened sensitivity to solar wind fluctuations due to its volatile makeup.

Conclusions. The comet C/1908 R1 (Morehouse) emerges as one of the most unaltered relics of our Solar System’s formation, offering another instance of a C/2016 R2-analogous comet. This underscores the importance of preserving and reexamining historical astronomical datasets, not only for historical significance but as a critical resource for contemporary scientific advancement.
Study of the excitation of large-amplitude oscillations in a prominence by nearby flares
Authors: Luna Manuel , Joshi Reetika , Schmieder Brigitte , Moreno-Insertis Fernando , Liakh Valeriia , Terradas Jaume
Published: October 2024

Context. Large-amplitude oscillations are a common occurrence in solar prominences. These oscillations are triggered by energetic phenomena such as jets and flares. On March 14–15, 2015, a filament partially erupted in two stages, leading to oscillations in different parts of it.

Aims. In this study, we aim to explore the longitudinal oscillations resulting from the eruption, with special focus on unravelling the underlying mechanisms responsible for their initiation. We pay special attention to the huge oscillation on March 15.

Methods. The oscillations and jets were analysed using the time-distance technique. For the study of flares and their interaction with the filament, we analysed the different AIA channels in detail and used the differential-emission-measure (DEM) technique.

Results. In the initial phase of the event, a jet induces the fragmentation of the filament, which causes it to split into two segments. One of the segments remains in the same position, while the other is detached and moves to a different location. This causes oscillations in both segments: (a) the change of position apparently causes the detached segment to oscillate longitudinally with a period of 69 ± 3 minutes; (b) the jet flows reach the remaining filament also producing longitudinal oscillations with a period of 62 ± 2 minutes. In the second phase, on March 15, another jet seemingly activates the detached filament eruption. After the eruption, there is an associated flare. A large longitudinal oscillation is produced in the remnant segment with a period of 72 ± 2 minutes and a velocity amplitude of 73 ± 16. During the triggering of the oscillation, bright field lines connect the flare with the filament. These only appear in the AIA 131 Å and 94 Å channels, indicating that they contain very hot plasma. The DEM analysis also confirms this result. Both indicate that a plasma of around 10 MK pushes the prominence from its south-eastern side, displacing it along the field lines and initiating the oscillation. From this evidence, the flare and not the preceding jet initiates the oscillation. The hot plasma from the flare escapes and flows into the filament channel structure.

Conclusions. In this paper, we shed light on how flares can initiate the huge oscillations in filaments. We propose an explanation in which part of the post-flare loops reconnect with the filament channel’s magnetic-field lines that host the prominence.
Depth profiling of implanted D+ in silicates: Contribution of solar wind protons to water in the Moon and terrestrial planets
Authors: Zeng Xiandi , Tang Hong , Li Xiongyao , Zhou Chuanjiao , Hu Sen , Zeng Xiaojia , Yu Wen , Wen Yuanyun , Wu Yanxue , Mo Bing , Liu Jianzhong , Fu Yong
Published: October 2024

Context. The solar wind protons implanted in silicate material and combined with oxygen are considered crucial for forming OH/H2O on the Moon and other airless bodies. This process may also have contributed to hydrogen delivery to planetary interiors through the accretion of micrometre-sized dust and planetesimals during early stages of the Solar System.

Aims. This paper experimentally investigates the depth distribution of solar wind protons in silicate materials and explores the mechanisms that influence this profile.

Methods. We simulated solar wind irradiation by implanting 3 keV D2+ ions in three typical silicates (olivine, pyroxene, and plagio-clase) at a fluence of ~1.4 × 1017 ions/cm2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse chemical bond changes, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterised microstructural modifications. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) was employed to measure the D/16O ratio and determine the depth distribution of implanted deuterium.

Results. The newly produced OD band (at 2400-2800 cm−1 ) in the infrared spectrum reveals the formation of O–D bonds in the irradiated silicates. The TEM and NanoSIMS results suggest that over 73% of the implanted D accumulated in fully amorphous rims with a depth of 70 nm, while 25% extended inwards to ~190 nanometres, resulting in partial amorphisation. The distribution of these deuterium particles is governed by the collision processes of the implanted particles, which involve factors such as initial energy loss, cascade collisions, and channelling effects. Furthermore, up to 2% of the total implanted D penetrated the intact lattice via diffusion, reaching depths ranging from hundreds of nanometres to several micrometres.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that implanted solar wind protons can be retained in silicate interiors, which may significantly affect the hydrogen isotopic composition in extraterrestrial samples and imply an important source of hydrogen during the formation of terrestrial planets.
Assessing the robustness of the Galactic rotation curve inferred from the Jeans equations using Gaia DR3 and cosmological simulations
Authors: Koop Orlin , Antoja Teresa , Helmi Amina , Callingham Thomas M. , Laporte Chervin F. P.
Published: October 2024

Context. Several authors have recently applied Jeans modelling to Gaia-based datasets to infer the circular velocity curve for the Milky Way. These works have consistently found evidence for a continuous decline in the rotation curve beyond ~15 kpc, which may indicate the existence of a light dark matter (DM) halo.

Aims. Using a large sample of Gaia DR3 data, we aim to derive the rotation curve of the Milky Way using the Jeans equations, and to quantify the role of systematic effects, both in the data and those inherent to the Jeans methodology under the assumptions of axisym-metry and time independence.

Methods. We used data from the Gaia DR3 radial velocity spectrometer sample, supplemented with distances inferred through Bayesian frameworks, to determine the radial variation of the second moments of the velocity distribution for stars close to the Galactic plane. We used these profiles to determine the rotation curve using the Jeans equations under the assumption of axisym-metry and explored how they vary with azimuth and position above and below the plane of the Galactic disc. We applied the same methodology to an N-body simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy impacted by a satellite akin the Sagittarius dwarf, and to the Auriga suite of cosmological simulations.

Results. The circular velocity curve we infer for the Milky Way is consistent with previous findings out to ~15 kpc, where our statistics are robust. Due to the larger number of stars in our sample, we are able to reveal evidence of disequilibrium and deviations from axisymmetry closer in. For example, we find that the second moment of VR flattens out at R ≳ 12.5 kpc, and that the second moment of Vϕ is different above and below the plane for R ≳ 11 kpc. Our exploration of the simulations indicates that these features are typical of galaxies that have been perturbed by external satellites. From the simulations, we also estimate that the difference between the true circular velocity curve and that inferred from Jeans equations can be as high as 15%, but that it is likely of the order of 10% for the Milky Way. This is higher than the systematic uncertainties associated with the observations or those linked to most modelling assumptions when using the Jeans equations. However, if the density of the tracer population were truncated at large radii instead of being exponential as often assumed, this could lead to the erroneous conclusion of a steeply declining rotation curve.

Conclusions. We find that steady-state axisymmetric Jeans modelling becomes less robust at large radii, indicating that particular caution must be exercised when interpreting the rotation curve inferred in those regions. A more careful and sophisticated approach may be necessary for precision measurements of the DM content of our Galaxy.
New orbital periods of high-inclination dwarf novae based on Gaia Alerts photometry
Authors: Sáez-Carvajal C. , Vogt N. , Zorotovic M. , García-Veas J. , Aravena-Rojas G. , Dumond L. , Figueroa-Tapia F. , López-Bonilla Y. , Rodríguez-Jiménez A. , Vega-Manubens I. , Grawe B.
Published: October 2024

The orbital period of a cataclysmic variable stands as a crucial parameter for investigating the structure and physics of these binary systems, as well as understanding their evolution. We use photometric Gaia data for dwarf novae (DNe) in the quiescent state – which are available for a number of years – to determine new orbital periods and improve or modify previously suggested period values. Two approaches are implemented for selecting high-inclination targets, either eclipsing or with ellipsoidal variations. We determine new orbital periods for 75 DNe and improve ephemerides for 27 more (three of which change significantly), contributing 9.4% of the known DNe periods of between 0.05 and 2.0 days, and doubling the number of known periods exceeding 0.44 days. Their phase-folded light curves are presented and arranged by orbital period, illustrating the transition from short-period systems, dominated by radiation from the accretion disc and the hot spot, to longer-period DNe, where the Roche-lobe-filling secondary star is the primary visual flux source. This transition – which occurs around the well-known period gap (between ∼2 and 3 hours) – is expected, as DNe with larger orbital periods typically harbour more massive donors, which contribute to the visible flux. However, this transition is not abrupt. Within the same range of periods, we observe systems dominated by ellipsoidal variations, where the companion star is clearly visible, as well as others dominated by the disc and the hot spot. The presence of some DNe with ellipsoidal variations near the lower edge of the period gap is striking, as the companions in these systems are expected to be cool low-mass M-dwarfs not visible in the light curve. This could indicate that we are observing systems where the donor star was originally much more massive and underwent significant nuclear evolution before mass-transfer began, as has been suggested previously for QZ Ser.
Connecting integrated red giant branch mass loss from asteroseismology and globular clusters
Authors: Brogaard K. , Miglio A. , van Rossem W. E. , Willett E. , Thomsen J. S.
Published: October 2024

Context. Asteroseismic investigations of solar-like oscillations in giant stars enable the derivation of their masses and radii. For mono-age mono-metallicity populations of stars, this allows the integrated red giant branch (RGB) mass loss to be estimated by comparing the median mass of the low-luminosity RGB stars to that of the helium-core-burning (HeCB) stars.

Aims. We aim to exploit quasi-mono-age mono-metallicity populations of field stars in the α-rich sequence of the Milky Way (MW) to derive the integrated mass loss and its dependence on metallicity. By comparison to metal-rich globular clusters (GCs), we wish to determine whether the RGB mass loss differs in the two environments.

Methods. We used catalogues of asteroseismic parameters based on time-series photometry from the Kepler and K2 missions cross-matched to spectroscopic information from APOGEE-DR17, photometry from 2MASS, parallaxes from Gaia DR3, and reddening maps. We determined the RGB mass loss by comparing mass distributions of RGB and HeCB stars in three metallicity bins. For two GCs, the mass loss is derived from colour–magnitude diagrams.

Results. We find the integrated RGB mass loss to increase with decreasing metallicity and/or mass in the [Fe/H] range from −0.9 to +0.0. At [Fe/H] = −0.50, the RGB mass loss of MW α-rich field stars is compatible with that in GCs of the same metallicity.

Conclusions. We provide novel empirical determinations of the integrated mass loss connecting field stars and GC stars at comparable metallicities. These show that mass loss cannot be accurately described by a Reimers mass-loss law with a single value of η. This should encourage further development of the theory underlying processes involved in mass loss.
Comparative analysis of energy performance between clay-based and conventional building materials: A case study in Moroccan semi-arid climate
Authors: Alioui Abdelmounaim , Azalam Youness , Benfars Mohammed , Bendada El Maati , Mabrouki Mustapha
Published: October 2024

The environmental challenges arising from using traditional construction materials, such as cement, along with their rapid depletion, underscore the necessity of employing environmentally friendly building materials derived from natural resources. In this context, this study presents a comparative analysis of the energy performance of conventional building materials and clay-based materials. Focusing specifically on the Beni Mellal region, adobe bricks reinforced with straw, at weight percentages of 0%, 2%, and 4%, were manufactured. First, the physicochemical properties of the investigated clay were characterized. Subsequently, the thermophysical properties of the fabricated bricks were determined. Annual simulations were conducted using the TRNSYS software, considering a typical meteorological year (TMY) for Beni Mellal City, located in the semi-arid climatic zone. The energy performance of various passive energy efficiency measures was evaluated and discussed, facilitating a thermal analysis to assess the energy needs for heating and cooling inherent to each building material. The results demonstrate that clay bricks, particularly those reinforced with 4% wheat straw, outperform conventional materials in terms of energy efficiency, highlighting their potential for sustainable construction. This study emphasizes the significance of local clay resources and natural reinforcements in enhancing energy efficiency and provides insights into their application in eco-friendly construction practices, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals
n-AlInN/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cell Growth by RF Sputtering via Down-Converting Layers Co-Dopedwith Tb3+/Yb3+ Rare Earth Ions
Authors: EL Amrani Salima , Sun Mickael , Britel M.Reda , Bouajaj Adel , Valdueza Felip Sirona , Naranjo Frenando. B.
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, III-nitrides are widely recognized as highly desirable semiconductors for electronic and opto-electronic devices, thanks to the distinctive properties of these materials. It is worth mentioning that aluminum-indium nitride (AlInN) alloys have become important contenders, showing great potential for photovoltaic applications. This is attributed to their broad direct bandgap energy, encompassing the solar spectrum from 0.7 eV (InN) to 6.2 eV (AlN). Furthermore, their exceptional resistance to high temperatures and resistance to high-energy particles further enhance their suitability for various technological applications. In this study, we will examine the optimization of the AlInN/Silicon heterojunction PV cell growth by the RF sputtering technique. Our approach is founded on prior investigations already conducted by our research group, which focused on down-conversion through the utilization of 70 SiO2–30 HfO2 glass-ceramic layers co-doped with Tb3+/Yb3+ rare earth ions to optimize the efficiency of the PV cells under investigation.
A computational study of the structural and thermal conduct of MgCrH3 and MgFeH3 perovskite-type hydrides: FP-LAPW and BoltzTraP insight
Authors: Koufi Ayoub , Ziat Younes , Belkhanchi Hamza , Miri Mohammed , Lakouari Noureddine , Bougayr El Houssayne , Baghli Fatima Zahra
Published: October 2024

The structural and thermal conduct of MgCrH3 and MgFeH3 perovskite have been investigated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method and the BoltzTraP package, implemented in the Wien2k code. The calculations involved fitting the Murnaghan equation of state to the calculated total energy and atomic volume. The present analysis includes key groundstate parameters, such as the lattice parameter and its pressure derivative. Where the electrical conductivity of MgTMH3 (TM=Cr and Fe), the thermal conductivity, merit factor, and power factor were discussed in the range of 300-900 K. The obtained outcomes exhibit interesting results to make these compounds as promising materials for thermoelectrical applications.
Structural behavior of copper monatomic metallic glass under various cooling conditions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: El Kharraz Abdelaziz , El Hafi Tarik , Assouli Soufiane , Bajjou Omar , Lachtioui Youssef
Published: October 2024

The present research explores the structural characteristics of pure copper (Cu) metallic glass using the embedded atom method (EAM) potential in molecular dynamics simulations. Numerous techniques were used, such as coordination number analysis, Voronoi tessellation, and the radial distribution function (RDF). The findings demonstrate that at a cooling rate of 1012 K/s, crystallization begins. However, the separation of the second RDF peak indicates that under 0 GPa, copper metallic glass forms at cooling rates between 5 × 10¹² K/s and 1014 K/s, with the glass transition temperature (Tg) rising with faster cooling. Voronoi tessellation revealed a rise in icosahedral clusters with quicker cooling, while coordination number analysis indicated changes in the local structure and topology of copper metallic glass during the cooling process.
A Review of Oxide Layer Formation and Corrosion Dynamics in Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sadeq Hajar , Nasser Abdelkader , Kerkour El Miad Abdelhamid , Amar Najib
Published: October 2024

Corrosion is a natural phenomenon that threatens the durability of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete. Initially, the reinforcement is protected by a layer of iron oxides known as the passivation layer, formed due to the high alkalinity of the concrete medium. This passivation layer acts as a barrier, preventing the progression of corrosion by isolating the steel from corrosive elements. However, the incorporation of corrosion catalysts such as chlorides or carbon dioxide can destroy this protective layer. Once the passivation layer is compromised, reinforcement corrosion begins, leading to the formation of more complex iron oxides, such as rust (Fe2O3). These corrosion products influence the characteristics of the environment around the reinforcement, creating cracks in the concrete and facilitating the penetration of water and other corrosive agents. This process promotes the spread of corrosion within the reinforced concrete structure, accelerating its deterioration. An extensive analysis of the development of the oxide layer on steel reinforcement is given in this article, and its impact on the interface between reinforcement and concrete. It explores the mechanisms by which the passivation layer is formed and the conditions that lead to its failure.
Evaluating the Impact of Drivetrain Vibrations on MPPT Control Performance in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: El Ouali Achraf , Lakhal Yassine , Benchagra Mohamed , Chojaa Hamid , Samagassi Souleymane
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of drivetrain shift vibrations on the control performance of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Traditionally, PID controllers are tested on simplified rigid models, which do not account for the complex mechanical vibrations encountered in real-world applications. These vibrations, particularly those caused by drivetrain shifts, can significantly affect the stability and efficiency of the control system. Through detailed simulations involving both rigid and flexible drivetrain models, this paper evaluates how drivetrain vibrations influence the performance of the PID-based MPPT control algorithm. The results indicate that the flexible model, which incorporates drivetrain dynamics, experiences pronounced overshoot, oscillations, and significant drops in power coefficient (Cp) compared to the rigid model. These findings highlight the challenges of maintaining control stability and efficiency under varying vibration conditions, with the flexible model showing compromised stability and reduced power conversion efficiency during certain key intervals. This study emphasizes the importance of considering drivetrain dynamics in wind turbine control system design and provides insights into developing more robust and resilient PID control strategies.
Metastasiertes ekkrines Porokarzinom bei einem jungen Patienten
Authors: Kramer Rafaela , Agaimy Abbas , Berking Carola , Erdmann Michael
Published: October 2024

Ein 26-jähriger Patient mit ekkrinem Porokarzinom entwickelte regionäre Lymphknotenmetastasen. Anhand der vom Alter und Verlauf ungewöhnlichen Konstellation dieses metastasierten Adnexkarzinoms stellen wir das Management in der Primärversorgung, Durchuntersuchung, Nachsorge und Therapie bei Rezidiv vor. Die Behandlung seltener Adnexkarzinome wie des ekkrinen Porokarzinoms sollte präferentiell interdisziplinär und individuell erfolgen.
Prädiktion der Inanspruchnahme psychologischer Unterstützung während
der beruflichen Rehabilitation in einem Berufsförderungswerk
Authors: Koch Anna Maren , Hetzel Christian , Elling Jan Mathis , Sewz Gabriela , Zwingmann Christian
Published: October 2024

Ziel Die umfassenden psychologischen Hilfen gelten als
Alleinstellungsmerkmal der Berufsförderungswerke und dienen der gesundheitlichen
Stabilisierung der Rehabilitand:innen sowie der Sicherung allgemeiner
Erfolgskennzahlen wie eine niedrige Abbruchquote oder ein erfolgreiches
Return-to-Work. Für die Ressourcenplanung der Berufsförderungswerke und damit
für die bestmögliche psychologische Betreuung während der beruflichen
Rehabilitation ist es wichtig, die Terminanzahl der Rehabilitand:innen
frühzeitig abschätzen zu können. Obwohl Routinedaten zur Verfügung stehen, wurde
eine Prognose mit Hilfe regressionsanalytischer Methoden bisher nicht
vorgenommen.

Methodik Zur Vorhersage der Terminanzahl im Psychologischen Dienst wird
unter Verwendung von retrospektiv vorliegenden Routinedaten von 404
Rehabilitand:innen eine hierarchische lineare Regressionsanalyse mit 25
potenziellen Prädiktoren berechnet. Bei der Spezifizierung des
Regressionsmodells werden theoretische Bezugspunkte und datengestützte Methoden
kombiniert. Als theoretisches Bezugsmodell dient das
Andersen-Verhaltensmodell.

Ergebnisse Das regressionsanalytische Endmodell erreicht eine
Varianzaufklärung von 39,5%. Insgesamt zehn Variablen prognostizieren eine
höhere Terminanzahl: weibliches Geschlecht, Internatsstatus, geringe Resilienz,
Unterstützungswunsch, psychologische Behandlung in der Vergangenheit, Einnahme
von Psychopharmaka, Nichtvorliegen zweier bestimmter Berufsfelder,
Arbeitsagentur/Jobcenter als Kostenträger, Nichtteilnahme am
Reha-Vorbereitungslehrgang.

Schlussfolgerung Die zu Beginn der beruflichen Rehabilitation in einem
Berufsförderungswerk vorliegenden Routinedaten sind grundsätzlich geeignet, die
Terminanzahl der Rehabilitand:innen im Psychologischen Dienst vorherzusagen, und
können deshalb für die Ressourcenplanung der psychologischen Betreuung
eingesetzt werden. Dabei erweisen sich verschiedene Informationen als bedeutsam,
sodass eine Fokussierung auf einzelne Merkmale (z. B. Vorliegen einer
F-Diagnose) ungünstig erscheint. Auf Limitationen des regressionsanalytischen
Ansatzes wird hingewiesen.
Neue Umfrage zur Selbstmedikation
Authors: Kraft Karin
Published: October 2024

Die Selbstmedikation ist ein wichtiger Teilaspekt der persönlichen
Gesundheitskompetenz. Hierzu sind jedoch bisher wenig wissenschaftliche
Daten verfügbar. In einer aktuellen Internet-gestützten
repräsentativen Umfrage wurden daher 1000 Personen ab 18 Jahren
nach der Nutzung verschiedener Informationsquellen zur Selbstmedikation
bei leichten Gesundheitsstörungen und deren eingeschätzter
Vertrauenswürdigkeit befragt. Die Umfrage ergab, dass insbesondere
ÄrztInnen und ApothekerInnen vor Ort als Informationsquellen
genutzt wurden, bis zum Alter von 50 Jahren waren auch Informationen
aus dem Internet einschließlich Social Media von größerer
Bedeutung. In gleicher Weise wurde die Vertrauenswürdigkeit der
Informationsquellen bewertet, wobei das Vertrauen in Informationen
aus dem Internet mit zunehmendem Alter abnahm. Insbesondere die
Apotheken vor Ort haben somit eine große Bedeutung bei der Selbstmedikation.
Swallowing and Aspiration: How to Evaluate and Treat Swallowing Disorders Associated with Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Persons
Authors: Ortega Omar , Guidotti Lucilla , Yoshimatsu Yuki , Sitges Claudia , Martos Josep , Miró Jaume , Martín Alberto , Amadó Cristina , Clavé Pere
Published: October 2024

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is the most severe complication of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). It is highly underdiagnosed and undertreated among older patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Our aim is to review the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders associated with AP. We performed a narrative review, including our experience with prior studies at Hospital de Mataró, on the diagnosis and treatment of AP. AP refers to pneumonia occurring in patients with swallowing disorders, frequently coinciding with poor oral health and vulnerability. Its main risk factors include oropharyngeal aspiration, impaired health status, malnutrition, frailty, immune dysfunction, and oral colonization by respiratory pathogens. Incidence is estimated at between 5 and 15% of cases of CAP, but it is highly underdiagnosed. Diagnostic criteria for AP have not been standardized but should include its main pathophysiological element, oropharyngeal aspiration. Recently, a clinical algorithm was proposed, based on the recommendations of the Japanese Respiratory Society, that includes aspiration risk factors and clinical evaluation of OD. To facilitate the task for health care professionals, new artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening tools for OD combined with validated clinical methods such as the volume–viscosity swallowing test (V-VST) for the detection of AP are being validated. Prevention and treatment of AP require multimodal interventions aimed to cover the main risk factors: textural adaptation of fluids and diets to avoid oropharyngeal aspiration; nutritional support to avoid malnutrition; and oral hygiene to reduce oral bacterial load. The diagnosis of AP must be based on standardized criteria providing evidence on the main etiological factor, oropharyngeal aspiration. Clinical algorithms are valid in the diagnosis of AP and the identification of its main risk factors. Combination of AI-based tools with V-VST can lead to massive screening of OD and save resources and improve efficiency in the detection of AP.
Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Cycloalkanones with Sterically Hindered Bromoazines under Neat Conditions
Authors: Fett Niels Thomas , Muratore Michael E. , Gmaschitz Gerhard , Treu Matthias
Published: October 2024

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of cycloalkanones with a range of heteroaryl bromides is described herein. The transformation proceeds best with third-generation tris-tBu-phosphine Pd pre-catalyst in neat cycloalkanones. Careful screening of the reaction conditions revealed K3PO4 as an effective weak and mild base thereby tolerating base-sensitive functional groups such as acetals or nitrogen protecting groups. Moderate to good yields were achieved for a series of 29 examples with various degrees of structural complexity. Importantly, these optimized conditions allow the α-(hetero)aryl cross-coupling of ortho-substituted (hetero)aryl bromide substrates with different cyclo­alkanones that typically failed to react efficiently under previously reported conditions.
Comprehensive Management of Intracranial Aneurysms in Rare and Variant Arterial Locations: A Detailed Case Report
Authors: Solis Frank , Ecos Rosa , Walker Melanie
Published: October 2024

Aneurysms on variant arteries, especially involving the persistent trigeminal artery (PTA), azygos artery, and lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs), are rare. This report presents a case and subsequent management of a patient with multiple unruptured aneurysms arising from variant anatomical structures. A 48-year-old patient with a history of worsening headaches presented with three unruptured aneurysms at the PTA, azygos artery, and left LSA, confirmed via catheter angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction. Given the potential effects on conventional cerebrovascular structures, managing multiple aneurysms in rare and variant locations requires a tailored strategy. This case was successfully treated with an endovascular approach and a period of observation, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment planning.
The International and the Local Worker: Understanding Multi-layered Processes of Racialisation in International Development Organisations
Authors: Goodfellow Maya
Published: October 2024

This article seeks to examine how institutional hierarchies relate to processes of racialisation in development organisations that are multiracial. Complementing and building on existing literature focussed on race and development it shows how processes of racialisation help to produce and legitimate distinctions between local and international development professionals. It argues these divides cannot always be neatly mapped onto phenotype but are related to processes of racialisation tied to knowledge and class and this, in turn, helps to produce inequalities—power imbalances, pay differences and differential access to organisational benefits—between development workers. Therefore, while forms of racism and their material impacts shape the experiences of international staff of colour, there is another layer of racialisation at play that cannot be explained through existing racial categories but that draws on colonial ideas of epistemic superiority to create specific forms of racialisation within development organisations.
Duple Cacao-Chocolate and the Materiality of the Political Economy of Pleasure
Authors: Lucumi-Mosquera Lina , Ugueto-Ponce Meyby , Felicien Ana , Ruette-Orihuela Krisna
Published: October 2024

This article expands on Walter Rodney’s call to explore possibilities for redevelopment of the African diaspora due to its underdevelopment. Drawing on four experiences of rural everyday resistance in Colombia, Brazil, and Venezuela, it analyses fine-flavour cocoa (Theobroma cacao l.) ecologies, subjectivities, and economics in relation to craft chocolate production, commercialisation, and consumption. Our evidence suggests that farmers’ liberation projects occur beyond the ambivalence between oppression and emancipation. It is argued that emancipations are rather shaped by complex non-binary power dynamics with multiple tensions that resist the materiality of a racialised administration of pleasure and pain.
Evaluation of the permeability of ultrathin parylene AF4 films to determine minimum closed thickness for nanoscale packaging
Authors: Chung Chien-Hao , Wu Hsiang-Yu , Kuo Wen-Cheng
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the permeability of parylene AF4 films of varying thickness to determine the minimum closed thickness for nanoscale packaging coatings. In particular, films with thicknesses of 15, 20, and 25 nm were deposited using 1 g of dimer and by adjusting the coating machine’s chamber height. Closeness analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to determine the minimum closed thickness. The closeness analysis results revealed a resistance of 1.35 MΩ (below the 20 MΩ threshold) for the 15 nm film, indicating a nonclosed film; conversely, the 20 and 25 nm films exhibited resistance values of 66.1 and 111.7 MΩ (above the threshold), respectively, indicating closed films. The EIS results indicated that the failure soaking times of the 15, 20, and 25 nm films were approximately <10, 20, and 50 min, respectively. These results indicate that the 20 nm film exhibited the lowest minimum closed thickness and was effective for waterproofing. These findings contribute valuable data toward developing nanoscale waterproof coatings for packaging applications.
Total ionization dose and electromagnetic pulse synergistic effects on low dropout linear regulator
Authors: Zhao Zitao , Wen Lin , Li Yudong , Feng Jie , Liu Bingkai , Guo Qi
Published: October 2024

As a power management chip widely used in various electronic systems, the low dropout regulator (LDO) plays a crucial role in the normal operation of electronic systems. Ionizing radiation and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation can cause interference and damage to the LDO, posing risks to the proper functioning of electronic systems in large-scale scientific devices. In this study, through separate experimental investigations on the Total Ionizing Dose (TID) effects, EMP effects, and synergistic effect of the LDO, it was found that parameters such as the LDO output voltage decreases with increasing irradiation dose, with more severe degradation observed under grounded bias. The EMP effects mainly cause oscillations in the LDO output voltage and a slight increase in its mean value. The results of the synergistic effect experiments indicate that there is a certain synergistic interaction between the TID effects and the EMP effects. The synergistic effects lead to an increase in the amplitude of the oscillations and changes in the mean value of the output voltage.
Double Mpemba effect in the cooling of trapped colloids
Authors: Malhotra Isha , Löwen Hartmut
Published: October 2024

The Mpemba effect describes the phenomenon that a system at hot initial temperature cools faster than at an initial warm temperature in the same environment. Such an anomalous cooling has recently been predicted and realized for trapped colloids. Here, we investigate the freezing behavior of a passive colloidal particle by employing numerical Brownian dynamics simulations and theoretical calculations with a model that can be directly tested in experiments. During the cooling process, the colloidal particle exhibits multiple non-monotonic regimes in cooling rates, with the cooling time decreasing twice as a function of the initial temperature—an unexpected phenomenon we refer to as the Double Mpemba effect. In addition, we demonstrate that both the Mpemba and Double Mpemba effects can be predicted by various machine-learning methods, which expedite the analysis of complex, computationally intensive systems.
Fast electron initiated electron–hole pair creation in semiconductors
Authors: Bodie C. S. , Barnett A. M.
Published: October 2024

Through Monte Carlo modeling, it is shown that the statistics of electron–hole pair creation in semiconductors (and by extension, presumably, ion-pair creation in gas proportional counters) are substantially different for fast electrons (and by extension, presumably, alpha particles, ions, etc.) cf. x-ray/γ-ray photons. New variables are introduced to quantify the differences in the statistics: the loss parameter, ζ(E′), which acts on the average e−–h+ pair creation energy; and the broadening factor, B(E′), which acts on the Fano factor. E′ is the initial energy of the fast electron. ζ(E′) and B(E′) are computed for a variety of semiconductor materials. A new equation for the statistically limited energy resolution of a particle counting fast electron spectrometer is established. This new equation supersedes and replaces that for the Fano-limited energy resolution of a particle counting fast electron spectrometer. The implications impact a wide variety of fields wherever fast electrons (or alpha particles, ions, etc.) and/or Fano statistics are used; this includes, inter alia, quantum computing, x-ray excitonics, space science, optoelectronics, nuclear engineering, particle physics, photovoltaics, and even neural response variability in the brain.
Electron-impact ionization of water molecules at low impact energies
Authors: Tamin A. , Houamer S. , Khatir T. , Ancarani L. U. , Dal Cappello C.
Published: October 2024

The electron-impact ionization of water molecules at low impact energies is investigated using a theoretical approach named M3CWZ. In this model, which considers exchange effects and post-collision interaction, the continuum electrons (incident, scattered, and ejected) are all described by a Coulomb wave that corresponds to distance-dependent charges generated from the molecular target properties. Triple differential cross-sections for low impact energy ionization of either the 1b1 or 3a1 orbitals are calculated for several geometrical and kinematical configurations, all in the dipole regime. The M3CWZ model is thoroughly tested with an extensive comparison with available theoretical results and COLTRIMS measurements performed at projectile energies of Ei = 81 eV [Ren et al., Phys. Rev. A 95, 022701 (2017)] and Ei = 65 eV [Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. A 104, 012817 (2021)]. Similar to other theoretical models, an overall good agreement with both sets of measured data is observed for the angular distributions. Our calculated cross-sections’ magnitudes are also satisfactory when compared to the other theoretical results, as well as to the cross-normalized relative scale data at 81 eV impact energy. The 65 eV set of data, measured on an absolute scale, offers a further challenging task for theoretical descriptions, and globally the M3CWZ performs fairly well and comparably to other theories. The proposed approach with variable charges somehow allows to capture the main multicenter distortion effects while avoiding high computational costs.
Dynamics of hydride anion and acetyloxyl radical production by electron attachment to acetic acid
Authors: Hasan M. , Weber Th. , Centurion M. , Slaughter D. S.
Published: October 2024

We investigate the dynamics and site-selectivity in the dissociation of transient anions formed upon attachment of low energy electrons to acetic acid by anion fragment momentum imaging experiments. The resonances at 6.7 and 7.7 eV are confirmed to dissociate exclusively by the O–H bond, while a third resonance at 9.1 eV dissociates primarily by both C–H break and O–H break. A fourth resonance near 10 eV is found to dissociate by O–H break. For each resonance, the measured kinetic energy release indicates two-body dissociation produces a neutral radical in the ground electronic state, for all four resonances. The measured angular distributions are consistent with all four resonances having A′ symmetry.
Single pulse shaping for higher harmonic demodulation in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Balgos M. H. , Hayazawa N. , Tani M. , Tanaka T.
Published: October 2024

We present a simple, highly stable, low noise, and rapid detection scheme using higher harmonic demodulation applied to terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The presence of higher harmonics in the detected periodic signal is because of the non-sinusoidal shape of a single pulse, which is controlled by an ultrafast current pre-amplifier. Instead of using external signal modulators, the use of the inherent repetition rate (frep) of the femtosecond laser and its harmonics as reference for the lock-in amplifier simplifies the setup, while allows rapid and low noise detection owing to the megahertz modulation frequencies. Unlike the signal detected at the fundamental frep, signals detected at higher harmonics have much lower offset and are unaffected by perturbations in the environment present during measurements, which is an essential characteristic for an analytical tool. Our proposed technique can be readily integrated to existing THz-TDS systems and is applicable to scans with rapid acquisition times and to scans that require long periods of time (e.g., hyperspectral imaging).
Rapid identification of milk powder adulteration based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Wei , Cao Xiaoyu , Zhang Qian , Zou Xuan
Published: October 2024

In recent years, milk powder adulteration has emerged as a matter of great concern. In this study, a rapid, accurate, and efficient detection method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was established to detect milk powder adulteration. The “coffee ring” effect-based gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the SERS-enhancing substrate were coupled with a portable Raman spectrometer, which enabled the differentiation of various brands of milk powder and the detection of melamine in milk powder. The substrate exhibited good SERS enhancement ability with an enhancement factor of 104. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9903 was observed between the melamine Raman intensity and concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg. The calculated limit of detection of melamine (LOD) was 0.15 mg/kg, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.5 mg/kg. In addition, when the method was applied to the detection of melamine in milk powder samples, this method achieved the recovery rates of melamine in milk powder samples ranged from 92.83% to 98.86% with relative standard deviations between 0.84% and 1.14%. In summary, the established method offers the advantages of cost-effectiveness, less sample requirement, and shorter detection time, meeting the needs for milk powder classification and rapid melamine detection.
Chemical information from XPS: Theory and experiment for Ni(OH)2
Authors: Bagus Paul S. , Nelin Connie J. , Mergelsberg Sebastian T. , Lahiri Nabajit , Ilton Eugene S.
Published: October 2024

The features and the electronic character of the states for the Ni 2p x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Ni(OH)2 were analyzed. This detailed analysis is based on ab initio molecular orbital wavefunctions for a cluster model of Ni(OH)2. The theory is validated by comparison with experiment. Then, advanced methods are used to explain and contrast the properties of different groups of ionic states. An important conclusion is that in most cases, the ionic states cannot be described with a single configuration or determinant. Despite this essential many-body character of the XPS, we demonstrate that it is possible to understand the origin of the main and satellite XPS features in terms of their orbital character.
Integrated membrane distillation and absorption chiller driven by solar energy: Concept and analysis
Authors: Ali Emad
Published: October 2024

Solar energy linked to absorption chiller system is used to supply the heating and cooling energies to membrane distillation (MD) process. The heating load is taken directly from the solar energy system. The cooling load is provided by the absorption chiller system, which converts the solar energy into refrigeration power. Using a solar collector area of 60 m2 and MD feed flow rate of 600 kg/h, the maximum distillate production for a single MD can reach 61.5 kg/h, which corresponds to a recovery ratio of 10.2% and a gain output ratio (GOR) of 3.2. Increasing the MD feed flow rate necessitates enlarging the solar collector area to meet the escalating energy demand. An additional MD unit was also integrated and powered by the internal energy of the absorption chiller system. The total distillate production approaches 83 kg/h and the GOR enhances to 4.5. The condenser stream of the two integrated MD units is quenched by the refrigeration power of the absorption chiller system under split and joint scenarios. The split scenario was found to outperform the joint option in terms of providing higher average distillate production over the period of daily sunshine hours. However, the joint scenario can activate both MD units only if a larger solar collector of 100 m2 is employed and the condenser of the absorption chiller system is operated at 40 °C. Similarly, the split scenario can activate the two MD units only if split ratio equal or higher than 60% is enforced.