bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise Image-level Localization of Intracranial Hemorrhage on Head CT Scans with Deep Learning Models Trained on Study-level Labels
Authors: Wu Yunan , Iorga Michael , Badhe Suvarna , Zhang James , Cantrell Donald R. , Tanhehco Elaine J. , Szrama Nicholas , Naidech Andrew M. , Drakopoulos Michael , Hasan Shamis T. , Patel Kunal M. , Hijaz Tarek A. , Russell Eric J. , Lalvani Shamal , Adate Amit , Parrish Todd B. , Katsaggelos Aggelos K. , Hill Virginia B.
Published: August 2024

To prioritize the reading of noncontrast head CT scans with intracranial hemorrhage, this weakly supervised detection workflow was highly generalizable, with good interpretability, high positive predictive values at the study level, and performance similar to two neuroradiologists.
Communication—A Powerful Method to Improve Dielectric/GaN Interface Properties: A Dummy SiO2 Process
Authors: Irokawa Yoshihiro , Nabatame Toshihide , Sawada Tomomi , Miyamoto Manami , Miura Hiromi , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Koide Yasuo
Published: August 2024

We report a simple and effective method for improving dielectric/GaN interface properties. In the process, a 5 nm thick SiO2 layer was deposited onto a GaN(0001) substrate via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, followed by annealing at 800 °C for 300 s under a flowing N2 atmosphere. The SiO2 layer was then removed using buffered HF solution, and Pt/Al2O3/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated on the substrate. Positive-bias stress tests revealed that the flat-band voltage shifts were substantially reduced for devices fabricated using this process, probably because of improved interface crystallinity. This method can also be applied to other dielectric/GaN systems.
GCN2 drives diurnal patterns in the hepatic integrated stress response and maintains circadian rhythms in whole body metabolism during amino acid insufficiency
Authors: Levy Jordan L. , Mirek Emily T. , Rodriguez Esther M. , Tolentino Maria J. , Zalma Brian A. , Roepke Troy A. , Wek Ronald C. , Cao Ruifeng , Anthony Tracy G.
Published: August 2024

This work reveals that the eIF2 kinase GCN2 functions to support diurnal patterns in the hepatic integrated stress response during natural feeding and is necessary to maintain circadian rhythms in energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio, and physical activity during amino acid stress.
Circulating free heme induces cytokine storm and pulmonary hypertension through the MKK3/p38 axis
Authors: Valuparampil Varghese Mathews , James Joel , Bharti Dinesh , Rischard Franz , Rafikova Olga , Rafikov Ruslan
Published: August 2024

This study demonstrates that elevated levels of circulating free heme can induce pulmonary hypertension (PH) and inflammation in mice. Continuous heme infusion activated the MKK3/p38 pathway, leading to increased right ventricular pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling. This activation upregulated signaling cascades such as Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3, whereas MKK3 knockout mice were protected against these changes and had reduced inflammatory responses, highlighting MKK3’s potential as a therapeutic target for PH.
Persistent inward currents in human motoneurons: emerging evidence and future directions
Authors: Mesquita Ricardo N. O. , Taylor Janet L. , Heckman C. J. , Trajano Gabriel S. , Blazevich Anthony J.
Published: August 2024

The manner in which motoneurons respond to excitatory and inhibitory inputs depends strongly on how their intrinsic properties are influenced by the neuromodulators serotonin and noradrenaline. These neuromodulators enhance the activation of voltage-gated channels that generate persistent (long-lasting) inward sodium and calcium currents (PICs) into the motoneurons. PICs are crucial for initiating, accelerating, and maintaining motoneuron firing. A greater accessibility to state-of-the-art techniques that allows both the estimation and examination of PIC modulation in tens of motoneurons in vivo has rapidly evolved our knowledge of how motoneurons amplify and prolong the effects of synaptic input. We are now in a position to gain substantial mechanistic insight into the role of PICs in motor control at an unprecedented pace. The present review briefly describes the effects of PICs on motoneuron firing and the methods available for estimating them before presenting the emerging evidence of how PICs can be modulated in health and disease. Our rapidly developing knowledge of the potent effects of PICs on motoneuron firing has the potential to improve our understanding of how we move, and points to new approaches to improve motor control. Finally, gaps in our understanding are highlighted and methodological advancements are suggested to encourage readers to explore outstanding questions to further elucidate PIC physiology.
Task difficulty of visually guided gait modifications involves differences in central drive to spinal motor neurons
Authors: Hüche Larsen Helle , Justiniano Mikkel Damgaard , Frisk Rasmus Feld , Lundbye-Jensen Jesper , Farmer Simon Francis , Nielsen Jens Bo
Published: August 2024

This exploratory study suggests a specific and temporally restricted increase of central (likely corticospinal) drive to ankle muscles in relation to visually guided gait modifications. The findings indicate that a high level of visual attention to control the position of the ankle joint precisely before ground contact may involve increased central drive to ankle muscles. These findings are important for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying visually guided gait and may help develop rehabilitation interventions.
Motor point stimulation activates fewer Ia-sensory nerves than peripheral nerve stimulation in human soleus muscle
Authors: Kaneko Naotsugu , Sasaki Atsushi , Fok Kai Lon , Yokoyama Hikaru , Nakazawa Kimitaka , Masani Kei
Published: August 2024

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and motor point stimulation (MPS) induce neuroplasticity, but differences in their effects on Ia-sensory inputs are unclear. We investigated their Ia-sensory inputs using a conditioning paradigm with spinal reflexes. Results showed that PNS conditioning significantly inhibited spinal reflexes than MPS conditioning, indicating greater postactivation depression due to Ia-sensory nerve activation. These findings provide experimental evidence that MPS activates Ia-sensory nerves to a lesser extent than PNS, enhancing our understanding of neuroplasticity.
Quercetin Attenuates Cancer‐Associated Fibroblast Activation via Tumor‐Stromal Interactions and Demonstrates Its Clinical Value in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lei Defeng , Piao Yicui , Zhong Tongning , Zhang Citing , Ai Weipeng , Kang Yixing , Ye Haijun , Zheng Biao , Qu Jianhua , Yan Zilong , Lai Zhengquan , Liu Jikui
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a rapidly progressing malignancy with a poor prognosis. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound with various biological benefits that can be extracted from Chinese herbs or daily foods. Quercetin has anticancer properties in various types of cancers. However, its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms in PDAC have not been investigated extensively. Here, we confirmed the therapeutic effect of quercetin in PDAC using a mouse model. Based on high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and bioinformatic analysis, we propose that quercetin is involved in stromal infiltration of PDAC. Quercetin attenuates the activation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) via tumor‐stromal interaction. Meanwhile, we have identified two quercetin‐related prognostic models for patients with PDAC. Finally, we proposed a downstream target of quercetin, the ITGB4 gene, which could be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
Effectiveness of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Improving the Mental Health and Other Psychosocial Outcomes of Parents with Perinatal Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Si Ni , Yang Li , Wang Qing Yu , Pan Si , Xiao Mei Hui , Xie Jiao
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in enhancing the mental health and psychosocial outcomes of parents who have experienced perinatal loss, in comparison to active/inactive control groups. It also sought to identify the characteristics and components of effective interventions in the included studies. A comprehensive search was conducted across seven databases from January 2008 to December 2023. The analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English journals and dissertations that reported at least one mental health outcome postintervention for parents with perinatal loss. Twenty‐one RCTs were included. The findings demonstrated significant improvements of nonpharmacological interventions in the grief, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and perceived social support of parents with perinatal loss, with moderate‐to‐high certainty of evidence. Optimal characteristics of nonpharmacological interventions for parents with perinatal loss were identified to inform future studies, including the intervention approaches (cognitive‐based interventions), delivery modalities (face‐to‐face), and formats (individual‐based), and a recommended number of sessions of four or fewer. To validate these findings and explore the process of nonpharmacological interventions in improving health outcomes for parents with perinatal loss from diverse backgrounds, further rigorous RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods are required.
Evaluation of the Physicochemical, Nutritional, Textural, and Sensory Characteristics of Extrudates From Sorghum and Orange‐Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour Blends
Authors: Jenfa Mary Damilola , Adelusi Oluwasola Abayomi , Aderinoye Aderonke , Coker Oluwafemi Jeremiah , Martins Itohan Ebunoluwa , Oyewole Olusola Bandele , Njobeh Patrick Berka , Obadina Olusegun Adewale
Published: August 2024

This study is aimed at producing extrudates using sorghum and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour in varying ratios (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, and 20:80), with extrudates made from 100% sorghum serving as the control. The puffed snacks’ physicochemical, nutritional, textural, and sensory qualities were assessed, and the obtained data were analyzed through ANOVA. Our findings revealed notable variations in the physicochemical properties of the puffed snacks, showing a decrease in moisture, fat, protein, and crude fibre content as the percentage of OFSP flour increased. Furthermore, increased substitution of sorghum flour with OFSP in the extrudates led to a corresponding rise in vitamin A, B1, and C levels from 0.24, 0.15 and 0.21 mg/100 g in the control to 1.30, 0.19, and 1.82 mg/100 g in the extrudates made from 20% sorghum. More so, samples with increased OFSP content were preferred regarding springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness, whereas those with elevated percentages of sorghum received higher likeness for adhesiveness and stringiness. Extruded samples containing 80% and 90% sorghum levels received the highest overall acceptance ratings of 7.15 and 7.18, respectively. The research results are essential for the food industry to produce nutritious extrudates with appealing sensory characteristics and textures.
Well Production Decline Models Considering Mechanical Skin Factor
Authors: Lu Jing , Yang Erlong , Rahman Md. Motiur , Wang Xueliang
Published: August 2024

Production decline analysis is an essential tool in predicting reservoir performance and in estimating reservoir properties. In its most basic form, decline curve analysis is to a large extent based on Arps’ empirical models that have little theoretical basis. But the mechanical skin factor due to formation damage is not taken into account in the production decline models available in the literature. The conventional models presented in the literature are mostly empirical and not grounded in fundamental in theory. New theoretical models are developed in this paper to forecast the production decline of a well producing in a closed circular or rectangular reservoir at constant bottomhole pressure, and mechanical skin factor due to formation damage is taken into account. Both the transient flow behavior and boundary‐dominated flow behavior are incorporated; the effects of reservoir size, well location, and mechanical skin factor on transient flow rate and pressure drop in the reservoir are studied. Analytical solutions are obtained through combinations of Green’s function and inverse Laplace transform. Stehfest’s algorithm is used to convert the obtained solution from the Laplace transform domain into the real time domain. The proposed models in this paper are based on analytical solutions to diffusivity equations in porous media, and the solutions are fast and practical tools to forecast the production performance of a well producing at constant flowing bottomhole pressure.
Study on the Driving Risk Reduction in the Mountain Highway Tunnel Group under the Perspective of Visual Load
Authors: Lu Hao , Shang Tongtong , Shang Ting
Published: August 2024

More highway built in the mountains in recent years, the driving risk in the tunnel group is becoming a new issue. This paper analyzed the driving risk in the mountain highway tunnel group from the perspective of visual load. Based on vehicle test in the Pengshui‐Xiantang tunnel group in China, the evolution characteristics of MTPA were quantitatively analyzed, and the random forest model was constructed to discuss the effect factors of the maximum transient velocity value of the pupil area (MTPA) in different sections. The results are as follows: (1) The MTPA frequently presents a tendency of steep rise and fall in the tunnel group. MTPA in the second tunnel is significantly higher than the first tunnel. (2) The mountain tunnel group can be divided into nine sections; the velocity, design luminance, measured luminance, and location have different effects on MTPA in each section. Due to the complex terrain conditions, the location has a more significant impact on MTPA in the second tunnel. (3) The first tunnel entrance, the first tunnel exit to the second tunnel entrance, and the second tunnel exit are the areas with more significant pressure on drivers in the tunnel group. The visual load of drivers in the exit section of the last tunnel is the greatest. The driving risk reduction recommendations include improving the transition lighting design of the second tunnel, clarifying the tunnel group identification, and adding safety features at the tunnel connection section, in order to clarify the driver’s expectations and reduce the fear of the unknown mountain environment.
MYC Induces Oncogenic Stress through RNA Decay and Ribonucleotide Catabolism in Breast Cancer
Authors: Meena Jitendra K. , Wang Jarey H. , Neill Nicholas J. , Keough Dianne , Putluri Nagireddy , Katsonis Panagiotis , Koire Amanda M. , Lee Hyemin , Bowling Elizabeth A. , Tyagi Siddhartha , Orellana Mayra , Dominguez-Vidaña Rocio , Li Heyuan , Eagle Kenneth , Danan Charles , Chung Hsiang-Ching , Yang Andrew D. , Wu William , Kurley Sarah J. , Ho Brian M. , Zoeller Joseph R. , Olson Calla M. , Meerbrey Kristen L. , Lichtarge Olivier , Sreekumar Arun , Dacso Clifford C. , Guddat Luke W. , Rejman Dominik , Hocková Dana , Janeba Zlatko , Simon Lukas M. , Lin Charles Y. , Pillon Monica C. , Westbrook Thomas F.
Published: August 2024

Upregulation of MYC is a hallmark of cancer, wherein MYC drives oncogenic gene expression and elevates total RNA synthesis across cancer cell transcriptomes. Although this transcriptional anabolism fuels cancer growth and survival, the consequences and metabolic stresses induced by excess cellular RNA are poorly understood. Herein, we discover that RNA degradation and downstream ribonucleotide catabolism is a novel mechanism of MYC-induced cancer cell death. Combining genetics and metabolomics, we find that MYC increases RNA decay through the cytoplasmic exosome, resulting in the accumulation of cytotoxic RNA catabolites and reactive oxygen species. Notably, tumor-derived exosome mutations abrogate MYC-induced cell death, suggesting excess RNA decay may be toxic to human cancers. In agreement, purine salvage acts as a compensatory pathway that mitigates MYC-induced ribonucleotide catabolism, and inhibitors of purine salvage impair MYC+ tumor progression. Together, these data suggest that MYC-induced RNA decay is an oncogenic stress that can be exploited therapeutically.

Significance: MYC is the most common oncogenic driver of poor-prognosis cancers but has been recalcitrant to therapeutic inhibition. We discovered a new vulnerability in MYC+ cancer where MYC induces cell death through excess RNA decay. Therapeutics that exacerbate downstream ribonucleotide catabolism provide a therapeutically tractable approach to TNBC (Triple-negative Breast Cancer) and other MYC-driven cancers.
Table 1 from Characterizing Relationships between T-cell Inflammation and Outcomes in Patients with High-Risk Neuroblastoma According to Mesenchymal and Adrenergic Signatures
Authors: Kaufman Maria E. , Vayani Omar R. , Moore Kelley , Chlenski Alexandre , Wu Tong , Lee Sang Mee , Desai Ami V. , He Chuan , Cohn Susan L. , Applebaum Mark A.
Published: August 2024

Patient characteristics of the Discovery and Validation cohorts
Cluster Analysis Identifies Clinical Phenotypes of Primary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Henning Mattias A.S. , Jemec Gregor B.E. , Pedersen Ole B. , Taudorf Elisabeth H.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Identifying subgroups of patients with primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) can improve the understanding of the disease pathophysiology. The study objective was to determine the naturally occurring subgroups of patients with PHH based on clinical characteristics. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from participants included in a clinical trial. The data were collected between January 2020 and June 2021 from outpatients with PHH attending a dermatologic department in Denmark. Overall, 84 patients with PHH were screened for inclusion in the clinical trial. Of these, 41 met the eligibility criteria. Four participants were excluded because of missing data. The main outcome was the identification of subgroups of patients with PHH using an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: Overall, 37 patients were included {28 (76.7%) females; median age at inclusion 28.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 24.0–38.3); median body mass index 24.9 (IQR 20.9–27.4); median age of onset 13.0 (IQR 9.5–18.5); and 26 (70.3%) had a familial disposition toward PHH}. Two clusters of 18 and 17 patients were identified. The first cluster had, when compared to the second, a younger age of onset (median age 11.0 [IQR 0–13.0] vs. 17.0 [IQR 15.0–21.0], p = 0.003) and higher sweat rates on gravimetry (median 175.0 [IQR 121.2–252.5] vs. 40.0 [IQR 20.0–60.0] milligrams of sweat/5 min, p < 0.001) and transepidermal water loss (median 93.7 [IQR 91.2–97.8] vs. 59.0 [IQR 44.4–73.2] g/m2/h, p < 0.001). No differences were observed for the other variables. Conclusions: This study identifies 2 subgroups of patients with PHH. The patients with an onset of PHH during childhood had a substantially higher sweat and evaporation rate in adulthood than those with an onset during adolescence. These findings may imply a changed understanding of the pathophysiology of PHH, by indicating that an early disease onset can lead to a worse disease course.
The Short-Term Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab in Refractory Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Real-World Experience in Taiwan
Authors: Chi Sheng-Chu , Weng Chang-Chi , Chen Shih-Jen , Lin Tai-Chi , Chou Yu-Bai , Hwang De-Kuang
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment stands as the primary approach for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Faricimab has recently emerged as a novel anti-VEGF option for nAMD. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of faricimab in patients with refractory nAMD. Method: This retrospective study focused on refractory nAMD patients treated with faricimab at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from March 2023 to December 2023. Primary outcomes assessed the change in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) over the first 4 months. Secondary outcomes included the presence of subretinal and intraretinal fluid (SRF and IRF) and changes in pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Subgroup analysis for the successful and unsuccessful treatment groups was conducted to identify potential confounding factors influencing treatment response. Result: This study included 42 eyes with refractory nAMD treated with faricimab. During a 6-month follow-up, no significant improvement in BCVA was observed, while CRT significantly decreased at all time points, except during the 5-month follow-up. Height PED showed significant reduction up to 5 months. The prevalence of SRF decreased significantly, while IRF remained lower but not significant. According to the treatment criteria, 67.4% successfully met the treatment goals. Subgroup analysis between successful and unsuccessful groups showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics, except a higher predominantly serous PED percentage in the successful group. Conclusion: Faricimab showed favorable outcomes in refractory nAMD patients. Further investigations are needed to understand the factors contributing to its efficacy.
Exercise, Dialysis, and Environment: A Narrative Review in an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Piva Giovanni , Storari Alda , Battaglia Yuri , Manfredini Fabio , Lamberti Nicola
Published: August 2024

Background: Patient empowerment and environmental sustainability may contribute to creating efficient and resilient healthcare models. Chronic kidney diseases call for a sustainable approach aimed at improving physical function and mental health of patients and possibly contributing to the slowing down of the evolution toward the end stage of renal disease (ESRD) with a reduction of the environmental and economic impact. Summary: Multidisciplinary interventions should be implemented particularly, at the final stages when patients are exposed to sedentariness, reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the healthcare services to high costs, and participation in environmental pollution. Ecological strategies based on specific nutritional approaches, exercise, and environment should be designed and tested. In particular, the introduction to physical exercise represents a useful replacement therapy to counteract the hazards derived from the sedentary behavior of ESRD patients, with low physical function associated with poor clinical outcomes. A more active and healthy lifestyle, particularly in the natural environment, could impact HR-QoL, mental and physical well-being but also on socialization, with lower anxiety and fatigue stress levels. Otherwise, combining sustainable exercise models into the patient’s daily routine can be enhanced by the biophilic design called to reproduce a natural environment in the dialysis center. Finally, the involvement of the personnel and the health professionals in properly managing the exercise interventions and the related factors (location, modality, dose, intensity, and duration) might improve the patients’ participation. In particular, ecological programs should be broadly inclusive and aimed to target the lowest performing populations through minimal feasible doses of exercise. Key Messages: Moving toward an ecological framework of lifestyle change in the very advanced stages of kidney disease, the potential synergies between environment, diet, and exercise may improve the physical and mental health of the patients and reduce the impact of dialysis.
Hyperechoic Spots in the Renal Medulla as a Potential Indicator of Early Gouty Nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Yan Mengmeng , Xiao Lishan , Jiang Caiyun , Li Changgui , Li Xiaoli , Du Meixia , Wang Can , Li Jun , Ning Chunping
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to explore the causes and clinical significance of hyperechoic renal medulla observed by ultrasonography in patients with primary gout. Methods: This study included 2,107 patients with primary gout treated in the Gout Clinic of our hospital from 2016 to 2022. The clinical data and biochemical data of these patients were collected and analyzed. According to the presence or absence of punctate hyperechogenicity in the renal medulla on ultrasound examination, the patients were divided into the hyperechoic medulla (HM) and the normal hypoechoic medulla (NM) groups, and the HM group was further divided into the partial HM (P-HM) and fulfilled HM (F-HM) subgroups according to the distribution range of hyperechogenicity. Results: Among the 2,107 patients with primary gout, 380 had hyperechoic renal medulla on renal ultrasound, including 106 patients with F-HM and 274 with P-HM. There were significant differences in the gout duration, urate arthropathy number, serum urate (SU) level, clinical tophi number, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (sCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate between the HM and NM groups or between the F-HM and P-HM subgroups (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of HM was positively correlated with gout duration, urate arthropathy number, gout attack frequency, SU, and sCr. The number of clinical tophi and sCr were closely related to F-HM. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination showed that a high medulla echo in patients with gout was often related to renal function damage. P-HM may be a transitory condition between NM and F-HM in patients with gout.
Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Chronic Diarrhea 2023
Authors: Ihara Eikichi , Manabe Noriaki , Ohkubo Hidenori , Ogasawara Naotaka , Ogino Haruei , Kakimoto Kazuki , Kanazawa Motoyori , Kawahara Hidejiro , Kusano Chika , Kuribayashi Shiko , Sawada Akinari , Takagi Tomohisa , Takano Shota , Tomita Toshihiko , Noake Toshihiro , Hojo Mariko , Hokari Ryota , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Machida Tomohiko , Misawa Noboru , Mishima Yoshiyuki , Yajima Hiroshi , Yamamoto Sayuri , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Abe Tatsuya , Araki Yasumi , Kasugai Kunio , Kamiya Takeshi , Torii Akira , Nakajima Atsushi , Nakada Koji , Fukudo Shin , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Miwa Hiroto , Kataoka Hiromi , Nagahara Akihito , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: August 2024

The Japan Gastroenterological Association (JGA) published the first version of clinical guidelines for chronic diarrhea 2023. These guidelines describe the definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, diagnostic testing methods, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of chronic diarrhea, and provide flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diarrhea based on the latest evidence. Treatment for chronic diarrhea begins by distinguishing secondary chronic constipation with a clear etiology, such as drug-induced diarrhea, food-induced diarrhea, systemic disease-associated diarrhea, infection-associated diarrhea, organic disease-associated diarrhea, and bile acid diarrhea. The first line of treatment for chronic diarrhea in the narrow sense, defined in these guidelines as functional diarrhea in routine medical care, is lifestyle modification and dietary therapy. The first medicines to be considered for oral treatment are probiotics for regulating the gut microbiome and anti-diarrheals. Other medications, such as 5HT3 receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, Kampo medicine, psychotherapy, antibiotics, bulking agents, adrenergic agonists, and somatostatin analogs, lack sufficient evidence for their use, highlighting a challenge for future research. This Clinical Guidelines for Chronic Diarrhea 2023, which provides the best clinical strategies for treating chronic diarrhea in Japan, will also be useful for medical treatment worldwide.
Artificial Intelligence Recognition Model Using Liquid-Based Cytology Images to Discriminate Malignancy and Histological Types of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Tsuboshita Yukihiro , Okodo Mitsuaki , Settsu Rei , Hashimoto Kohei , Tachibana Keisei , Tanabe Kazumasa , Kishimoto Koji , Fujiwara Masachika , Shibahara Junji
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Artificial intelligence image recognition has applications in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop an automated image classification model for lung cancer cytology using a deep learning convolutional neural network (DCNN). Methods: Liquid-based cytology samples from 8 normal parenchymal (N), 22 adenocarcinoma (ADC), and 15 squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) surgical specimens were prepared, and 45 Papanicolaou-stained slides were scanned using whole-slide imaging. The final dataset of 9,141 patches consisted of 2,737 N, 4,756 ADC, and 1,648 SQCC samples. Densenet-121 was used as the DCNN to classify N versus malignant (ADC+SQCC) and ADC versus SQCC images. AdamW optimizer and 5-fold cross-validation were used in the training. Results: For malignancy prediction, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.97, 0.85, and 0.94, respectively, in the patch-level classification, and 0.92, 0.88, and 0.91, respectively, in the case-level classification. For SQCC prediction, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.86, 0.91, and 0.90, respectively, in the patch-level classification and 0.73, 0.82, and 0.78, respectively, in the case-level classification. Conclusion: The DCNN model performed excellently in predicting malignancy and histological types of lung cancer. This model may be useful for predicting cytopathological diagnosis in clinical situations by reinforcing training.
Intercorrências do tempo no Brasil moderno
Authors: Tavolaro Sergio B. F.
Published: August 2024

While concerned with the conceptions of time that orient the portraits of the Brazilian social life outlined in the inaugural editions of  História econômica do Brasil and Sobrados e mucambos, the article examines two  hypotheses: first and foremost, despite the specificity of their approaches, the essays rest on a common epistemological ground that constrains Gilberto Freyre’s and Caio Prado Jr’s perceptions about Brazil’s societal formation as well as its place and prospects in the modern scene. Secondly, notwithstanding the critical intentions of these authors, both  remain entrenched in the cognitive horizons of a hegemonic frame of reference on modernity, which ultimately leads Prado Jr and Freyre to ratify the longstanding idea of Brazil as a secondary and delayed experience vis-à-vis the so-called advanced modern societies.
Serge Paugam. L’attachement social: formes et fondements de la solidarité humaine
Authors: Ferreira Lina
Published: August 2024

Book review: L'attachement social: formes et fondements de la solidarité humaine, França, Seuil, 2023, by Sege Paugam.
Whole-Heart Histological and Electroanatomic Assessment of Postinfarction Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scar and Conducting Channels
Authors: De Silva Kasun , Campbell Timothy , Bennett Richard G. , Anderson Robert D. , Davey Chris , O’Donohue Alexandra K. , Schindeler Aaron , Turnbull Samual , Selvakumar Dinesh , Bhaskaran Ashwin , Kotake Yasuhito , Hsu Chi-jen , Chong James J.H. , Kizana Eddy , Kumar Saurabh
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)–defined ventricular scar and anatomic conduction channels (CMR-CCs) offer promise in delineating ventricular tachycardia substrate. No studies have validated channels with coregistered histology, nor have they ascertained the histological characteristics of deceleration zones (DZs) within these channels. We aimed to validate CMR scar and CMR-CCs with whole-heart histology and electroanatomic mapping in a postinfarction model.

METHODS:

Five sheep underwent anteroseptal infarction. CMR (116±20 days post infarct) was postprocessed using ADAS-3D, varying pixel intensity thresholds (5545, 6040, 6535, and 7030). DZs were identified by electroanatomic mapping (129±12 days post infarct). Explanted hearts were sectioned and stained with Picrosirius red, and whole-heart histopathologic shells were generated. Scar topography as well as percentage fibrosis, adiposity, and remaining viable myocardium within 3 mm histological biopsies and within CMR-CCs were determined.

RESULTS:

Using the standard 6040 thresholding, CMR had 83.8% accuracy for identifying histological scar in the endocardium (κ, 0.666) and 61.4% in the epicardium (κ, 0.276). Thirty-seven CMR-CCs were identified by varying thresholding; 23 (62%) were unique. DZs colocalized to 19 of 23 (83%) CMR-CCs. Twenty (87%) CMR-CCs were histologically confirmed. Within-channel histological fibrosis did not differ by the presence of DZs (
P
=0.242). Within-channel histological adiposity was significantly higher at sites with versus without DZs (24.1% versus 8.3%;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Postprocessed CMR-derived scars and channels were validated by histology and electroanatomic mapping. Regions of CMR-CCs at sites of DZs had higher adiposity but similar fibrosis than regions without DZs, suggesting that lipomatous metaplasia may contribute to arrhythmogenicity of postinfarction scar.
Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure Subtypes
Authors: Younis Arwa , Tabaja Chadi , Santangeli Pasquale , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Sipko Joseph , Madden Ruth , Bouscher Patricia , Taigen Tyler , Higuchi Koji , Hayashi Katsuhide , El Hajjar Abdel Hadi , Chamseddine Fatimah , Callahan Thomas , Martin David O. , Nakhla Shady , Kanj Mohamed , Sroubek Jakub , Lee Justin Z. , Saliba Walid I. , Wazni Oussama M. , Hussein Ayman A.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Catheter ablation (CA) improves clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aimed to evaluate the impact of CA on clinical and quality-of-life outcomes across HF subtypes.

METHODS:

All patients undergoing AF ablation at a tertiary center were enrolled in a prospective registry and included in this study (2013–2021). The primary end point was AF recurrence. Secondary end points included AF-related hospitalizations and quality-of-life outcomes. Patients were categorized according to their HF status: no HF, HFrEF, HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

RESULTS:

A total of 7020 patients were included (80% no HF, 8% HFrEF, 7% HFmrEF, and 5% HFpEF). Over 3 years, the cumulative incidence of AF recurrence after ablation was as follows: HFpEF (53%), HFmrEF (41%), HFrEF (41%), and no HF (34%);
P
<0.01. Multivariable Cox analyses confirmed these findings using no HF group as reference (HFpEF: hazard ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.21–1.78]; HFmrEF: hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04–1.45]; and HFrEF: hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.01–1.37];
P
<0.05 for all). In all groups, CA resulted in a significant reduction of AF-related hospitalization (mean rate per 1 patient-years [before and after CA]; HFpEF [1.8 versus 0.3], HFmrEF [1.1 versus 0.2], HFrEF [1.1 versus 0.2], and no HF [1 versus 0.1];
P
<0.01 for each comparison) and significant improvement in quality of life as measured by both the AF symptom severity score and the AF burden score (
P
<0.01 for the comparison between baseline and follow-up for each score when tested separately).

CONCLUSIONS:

AF recurrence rates after CA were higher in patients with HF compared with those without HF, with patients with HFpEF being at the highest risk of recurrence. Nonetheless, CA was associated with a significant reduction in AF symptoms, AF-related hospitalization, and HF symptoms in most patients irrespective of HF subtypes.
Volatile compounds and quality changes of lesser mealworm larvae: effect of blanching, storage temperature and time
Authors: Yener S. , Mishyna M. , Zhao L. , Velazco O.N. , Cadesky L. , Lakemond C. , Fogliano V.
Published: August 2024

The impact of blanching and storage temperature (−20 °C and −80 °C) on the formation of volatile organic compounds and changes in quality characteristics of lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) larvae was examined over seven weeks. Acid and peroxide values, pH, and colour of lesser mealworm larvae were significantly affected by the studied variables. The changes in these characteristics as well as in the volatile profile indicated occurring lipid oxidation and lipid hydrolysis processes during the storage. The intensity of these reactions was mostly influenced by blanching treatment and storage time, and a lesser extent by storage temperature. It was proposed that changes in composition and intensity of volatiles can be used for rapid quality assessment of lesser mealworm larvae during frozen storage. Thus, the selection of optimum storage conditions for lesser mealworm larvae is important for the prevention of undesirable chemical reactions and preservation of the quality of insect biomass.
Effects of insect consumption on exercise performance, body composition and metabolism: a review
Authors: Vanlin J. , Selvanayagam V.S. , Khong T.K. , Yusof A.
Published: August 2024

Insects contain a number of beneficial macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds that play crucial roles for optimal bodily functions and exercise. This review aims to consolidate information from studies involving humans and animals that investigated the effect of insect consumption, either alone or in combination with exercise, on exercise performance, body composition, and metabolism. In humans, insect supplementation with exercise could improve strength. Insect supplementation, with or without exercise, could also improve body composition. However, the lack of dietary and physical activity control may have influenced these findings. Insect consumption alone caused increased blood amino acids, followed by activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) signalling and increased muscle protein synthesis, which is further elevated when combined with resistance exercise. In animals, insect consumption alone could improve endurance and fatigue biomarkers. It could also reduce fat mass and increase muscle mass. The reduction in fat mass was attributed to improvements in blood lipid profiles, while the increase in muscle mass is attributed to elevated blood amino acids and mTORC1. Interestingly, in combination with exercise, greater changes in these variables were observed, including increases in energy metabolism. Findings from animal studies, such as changes in muscle mass and protein metabolism, have been validated in humans, while outcomes regarding endurance, fat mass, and blood lipids have not been validated in humans. This encourages future research to focus on these parameters. Due to ethical constraints and impracticality, there has been a reliance on animal studies to elucidate certain mechanisms and parameters in humans. Overall, insect consumption, with or without exercise, in both humans and animals showed promising results in improving exercise performance, body composition, and metabolism and thus, could function as an alternative exercise supplement. Additionally, utilizing animal models has allowed researchers to better understand the key mechanisms behind these improvements.
Mapping the Current State of Parliamentary Research: Report from the 3rd Global Conference on Parliamentary Studies
Authors: Grinc Jan , Hrotková Barbora , Neumann Martin
Published: August 2024

The report summarizes the topics of a conference on parliamentary research, providing insight into various areas currently researched in the field of parliamentary studies by political and legal scientists.
Building Public Participation and the Journey Towards Institutionalising Deliberative Democracy from a Parliamentary Perspective
Authors: Burn-Murdoch Ailsa
Published: August 2024

The Scottish Parliament has pioneered the use of an in-house, dedicated team to support participation and community engagement within the impartial parliamentary service. As a result, it is in a unique position to explore the delivery of participative approaches from a scrutiny perspective. Following the recommendations of a citizens’ panel and a cross-party committee of elected members, and the support of the Parliament as a whole, the service is now working towards institutionalising deliberative democracy when the next parliamentary session begins in 2026. This article explores the Scottish Parliament’s journey to date and highlights key learning points and case study examples of work which may be useful to other legislative institutions on a similar journey.
An annotated catalogue of the type specimens of Phasmatodea deposited at the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH)
Authors: RAGAZZINI MATTIA , PAMIN JAN-HENRIK , NGUYEN EILEEN , HAWL-ITSCHEK OLIVER , HUSEMANN MARTIN
Published: August 2024

We here present an updated and annotated catalogue of the stick and leaf insect (Phasmatodea) types currently housed in the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH), part of the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB). We found a total of 305 type specimens, belonging to 130 species. This includes 110 primary types (45 holotypes, 13 lectotypes, 52 syntypes) and 195 paratypes and paralectotypes. Most of the species were described by Redtenbacher, others come from Zompro, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Weidner and others. We provide updated information on the taxonomy of all species. This catalogue will represent an important resource for future taxonomic work on the group.
Historical and Future Asymmetry of ENSO Teleconnections with Extremes
Authors: Lieber Ruby , Brown Josephine , King Andrew , Freund Mandy
Published: August 2024

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant source of climate variability globally. Many of the most devastating impacts of ENSO are felt through extremes. Here, we present and describe a spatially complete global synthesis of extreme temperature and precipitation relationships with ENSO. We also investigate how these relationships evolve under a future warming scenario under high greenhouse gas emissions using 14 models from phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) ensemble. First, we demonstrate that models broadly capture observed ENSO teleconnections to mean and extreme climate using the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 3 (20CRv3). The models project that more regions will experience an amplification of the historical ENSO teleconnection with mean temperature and precipitation than a dampening under a high-emission climate scenario. The response of the ENSO teleconnection with extremes is very similar to the mean response, with even larger changes in some regions. Hence, regions that are predicted to experience an amplification of the ENSO teleconnection under future warming can also expect a comparable amplification in the intensity of extremes. Furthermore, models that suggest greater amplification of ENSO amplitude also tend to exhibit greater intensification of mean and extreme teleconnections. Future changes in regional climate variability may be better constrained if changes in ENSO itself are better understood.
Hybridization or Salad Bar Ideology? Testing Ideological Convergence Within the American Violent Far Right
Authors: Hemmila Tess , Perliger Arie
Published: August 2024

In September 2020, FBI Director Christopher Wray described far-right extremist motivations as “a mishmash” or “salad bar” of ideologies. Academics and practitioners have further promoted such ideas using case studies of inter-organizational collaboration. The current study tests the “Salad Bar” and Hybridization hypotheses by analyzing the online discourse of far-right extremist groups to identify similarities and differences in their designation of “adversaries,” topics of political discourse, support for violence, membership characteristics, and psychological dimensions. After computer-assisted analysis of ideological discourse samples, our findings indicate that there may be an initial overlap between far-right groups, but it is too early to assume hybridization across the far-right.
Globalisation and Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Punjab and Tamil Nadu: Implications for Employment and Wages
Authors: Singh Paramjit , Saini Sonam
Published: August 2024

The present study is a comparative analysis of the performance of the organised manufacturing sector of Punjab and Tamil Nadu. The aggregate and the disaggregate picture reveals that globalisation-led growth of the manufacturing sector in Tamil Nadu has transformed its economy to a highly industrialised economy in Indian Union, and Punjab remained far behind in this context. However, the implications of the performance of the manufacturing sector on employment and wage share have shown common characteristics in both states. The increased capital intensity in the globalisation era has widened the gap between labour productivity and wage share in both states. Since 1991, the emoluments (capitalist share) have increased at a higher rate than the real wages. The decomposition analysis of wage share shows that the falling labour–capital ratio and increased contractualisation of the labour market are some of the important reasons behind the low growth of employment and fall in the wage share. Moreover, the disaggregated analysis reveals a secular increase in the use of capital per unit of labour in labour-intensive industries that has further reduced the employment elasticity of gross value added (GVA) in both states. It also highlights that regional heterogeneity plays an important role in the performance of a particular industry with respect to employment and wage share.

JEL Codes: F60, J24, L60
Theologizing on Artificial Intelligence in Elderly Care
Authors: Pugeda Teofilo Giovan S.
Published: August 2024

As the number of elderly persons rises, there is a gradual increase in reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) to augment healthcare systems. How do we interpret AI in elderly care (EC) in light of the Catholic theological tradition? As far as the literature goes to date, there is still much room for discourse. For this reason, this article hopes to contribute in that regard and, more importantly, to encourage others to further the discourse. In the present commentary, I first examine some aging trends in the world population. Afterward, I briefly describe AI use in healthcare, especially for EC. I then explore prominent ethical concerns related to it. Finally, I theologically reflect on using AI for EC vis-à-vis the magisterial teachings on aging and AI.
Addressing localized thermal comfort needs of the human body through advanced personal thermal management garments design and evaluation
Authors: Tian Miao , Qi Naixin , Jiang Qingyun , Su Yun , Li Jun
Published: August 2024

Personal thermal management clothing has garnered significant attention in recent years for offering innovative solutions to address extreme environments. By examining the “human-clothing-environment” system, we have analyzed the contribution and developmental trajectory of personal thermal management clothing, considering the diverse human needs and application environments. Local variations in human physiology necessitate localized thermal comfort solutions provided by personal thermal management clothing. Despite advancements, many Personal thermal management garments still encounter challenges such as bulky size, heavy weight, intricate donning process, subpar performance, limited temperature control, and low durability. Furthermore, aspects like comfort, ergonomics, and aesthetics, tailored to specific usage scenarios, have often been overlooked. Enhancing the standardized design and evaluation processes for personal thermal management clothing items is crucial to better cater to individual preferences and usage demands, offering recommendations for development to align with individual requirements, enhance effectiveness, and promote energy conservation.