bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential incidence of the lemma on seed germination among different Paspalum dilatatum genotypes
Authors: Glison Nicolás , Viega Luis , Speranza Pablo
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Paspalum dilatatum Poir. is a promising perennial summer grass forage for temperate regions, but among other factors, slow stand establishment has hindered its adoption. One of the reasons may be seed dormancy. Intraspecific variability in seed dormancy has been reported in P. dilatatum, but the mechanisms underlying this variability remain unclear. In this paper, we focus on the role of seed external covering structures on germination, particularly the lemma. Seeds of apomictic and sexual biotypes of P. dilatatum were subjected to acid scarification and removal of the lemma to study their germination, imbibition rate and sensitivity to ABA. Seeds without lemma showed higher germination than other treatments in dormant genotypes. We found that the lemma delayed but did not prevent water uptake in any genotype. Comparing sexual biotypes, P. dilatatum subsp. flavescens showed higher lemma-imposed dormancy than P. dilatatum “Virasoro”, and also higher seed dormancy at the caryopsis level. The thickness of the lemma was not different between these biotypes, so this trait did not explain differences in dormancy. Intraspecific variability of seed dormancy in this species may be attributable to the lemma incidence, however differences in the caryopsis component of seed dormancy should be considered.
Physiological maturity and drying speed in the quality of zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds
Authors: Silva Hellismar Wakson da , Oliveira João Almir , Monfort Lucinda Helena Fragoso , Santos Jodson Moraes dos , Trancoso Ana Clara Reis , Carvalho Marcos Vinícios de
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Harvesting and drying are essential procedures to obtain high quality seeds as well as for their conservation during storage. The goal of this research was to identify the physiological maturity stage and to verify the effect of drying speeds on the quality of zucchini seeds. A completely randomized design in a 3x2x2 factor scheme was used, involving three fruit maturation stages (49, 56 and 63 days after anthesis - DAA), two drying speeds (slow and quick) and two storage periods (0 and 6 months). Seed quality was evaluated by germination, first count, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health test. Moisture content, thousand seed mass and percentage full seeds were also evaluated. Zucchini seeds reach maximum quality at 49 DAA. Slow or quick drying and storage do not affect the physiological quality of seeds that were harvested at 49 DAA. The delayed harvest of fruits reduces the quality of seeds. Quick drying reduces the incidence of the fungi Alternaria, Cladosporium, Phoma and Fusarium, and increases the occurrence of Aspergillus and Penicillium.
Optimization of germination and initial quality of seedlings of Prunus persica tree rootstocks
Authors: Souza Aline das Graças , Spinelli Victor Mouzinho , Souza Rauny Oliveira de , Smiderle Oscar José , Bianchi Valmor João
Published: July 2017

Abstract: The present study evaluated the germination potential of seeds from eight peach tree rootstocks under different stratification methods, aiming at the production of high quality seedlings. In the first experiment, seeds with endocarp from eight genotypes (‘Aldrighi’, ‘Capdeboscq’, ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Okinawa’, ‘Okinawa roxo’, ‘Tsukuba 1’, ‘Tsukuba 2’, ‘Tsukuba 3’) were stratified on sand and moist vermiculite, at 7 ºC for 60 days. In the second experiment, endocarpless seeds of the same genotypes were stratified on Petri dishes at 7 ºC. In the third experiment, the time at which at least 75% of the seedlings reached transplanting height (15 cm high) was verified. The endocarp was a limiting factor for seed germination of the eight rootstocks, since the highest germination percentages were 21% and 48.3% for ‘Aldrighi’ and ‘Capdeboscq’, respectively. Germination of ‘Okinawa’ was only 19.2% and 4.2%, in sand and vermiculite, respectively. Seeds stratified without the endocarp, showed 100% germination, except for ‘Flordaguard’ and ‘Tsukuba 2’ and 3’, with 93% germination. Seed mass presented a positive correlation with the germination speed index and the initial growth of the seedlings. ‘Aldrighi’ and ‘Capdeboscq’ presented more vigorous seedlings with greater growth in height, stem diameter, and Dickson quality index.
Physiological performance of wheat seeds treated with micronutrients and protection products during storage
Authors: Freiberg Joice Aline , Ludwig Marcos Paulo , Avelar Suemar Alexandre Gonçalves , Girotto Eduardo , Eickstedt Darlan de Maria , Rotta Rafael
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Seeds with high quality are one of the important factors to consider in the crops establishment on field. Therefore, the physical and physiological quality of wheat seeds treated with mixes of micronutrients including zinc and protective products were aimed. The wheat seeds were analyzed in a factorial scheme 5x3x4, with five storage time: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days; three micronutrients: micronutrients 1 (1% Mn; 0.1% Mo; 10% Zn); micronutrients 2 (0.3% B; 0.3% Co; 3% Zn) and no micronutrients, and four protective products: untreated seeds, polymer (Colorseed He), fungicide carboxin + thiram (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide thiamethoxam (Cruiser® 350 FS) and polymer + fungicide + insecticide. After treatment, the seeds were stored under uncontrolled conditions for 240 days and at intervals of 60 days, the germination, accelerated aging and moisture content were determined. Wheat seeds untreated and treated with polymer have the best physiological performance during storage, regardless micronutrients treatments. The wheat seeds treated with carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam and polymer + carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam can be storage up to 120 days, under uncontrolled conditions, regardless micronutrients treatments. The seed treatment does not alter the moisture content of wheat seeds.
Numerical simulation on Bay of Bengal's response to cyclones using the Princeton ocean model
Authors: Das Yashvant , Mohanty Uma Charan , Jain Indu
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT This study used the Princeton ocean model (POM) which includes second-order turbulent closure scheme to investigate the fluid dynamics of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) in the upper ocean's response to a cyclone. The model uses an orthogonal curvilinear grid and 26 sigma levels in conformity with realistic bottom topography. The model is forced with wind and heat plus salinity fluxes as surface forcing to simulate the BoB's response during a cyclone. In order to provide the realistic cyclonic vortex the model as input, the synthetic cyclonic vortex is generated and superimposed on the QSCAT/NCEP blended ocean wind fields. Analyses of results show significant sea surface temperature (SST) cooling on both sides of the storm track. This cooling could be attributed to the strong cyclonic winds, surface divergence and upwelling. However, less commonly observed features such as a leftward bias in SST cooling due to the relatively slower motion of TC and southward moving coastal boundary currents are also reported in this study. Model SST is compared with the observed Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) filled up SST for the evaluation of the model's performance. Moreover, not only sea surface cooling but subsurface warming due to intense downwelling and coastal jet parallel to the coast were also observed in the model's simulation. The mixed layer depth (MLD) variation is revealed by the model. MLD deepening due to the convergence of near surface flow at the periphery of the cyclone is observed; however, beneath the cyclone centre, in the direction of the track the upsloping of isotherms due to the surface divergence and upwelling causes the shoaling of the MLD. Modeled surface currents are compared with 5-day interval OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analyses - Real time) surface currents, which are not very coherent, though some of the important features like higher values of boundary layer currents are captured. However, strong near surface, asymmetrical responses such as divergent currents in the open oceanic region are reflected by the model but when the cyclone approaches the coast the current patterns do not show the right bias due to interaction with the coast.
Inter-estuarine and temporal patterns of the fish assemblage of subtropical subestuaries along the Río de la Plata coast (Uruguay)
Authors: Acuña Alicia , Muñoz Nathalie , Gurdek Rodrigo , Machado Irene , Severi Veronica
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Fish assemblages in subestuaries have been poorly studied worldwide. In order to evaluate the inter-estuarine and temporal variability of the ichthyofauna of subestuaries along the Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata (RdlP), the Pando, Solís Chico and Solís Grande systems were sampled between 2011 and 2013. Fish biomass, abundance, species richness and diversity indices were analysed, defining fish assemblages characterised by a few species and great abundance. Estuarine resident and freshwater species represented 55.5% of the fish assemblage according to estuarine use guilds. Species occurrence was similar in the three subestuaries, but the relative abundances differed among them. The analysed community parameters showed a decreasing trend from west to east along the Uruguayan coast. Highest diversity and fish abundance were recorded in the Pando system located in the proximities of an important spawning area in the inner RdlP estuary. In the Solís Grande subestuary occurred the lowest species richness and fish abundance. The Solís Chico was characterised as a transitional subsystem. All three subestuaries showed an increase in species richness and abundance during high temperature periods, probably related to the life cycle of the species sharing habitats between the RdlP and the coastal subestuaries. This study constitutes the first step in assessing the fish assemblage patterns in coastal ecosystems of the RdlP and an approach about the ecological role of the subestuaries in the southwest Atlantic Ocean.
The use of CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) to trace the dynamics of total suspended matter at an urbanized coastal area
Authors: Giannini Maria Fernanda Colo , Harari Joseph , Ciotti Aurea Maria
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The distribution of organic and inorganic particles in the water column, or the total suspended matter (TSM), responds to local and remote oceanographic and meteorological processes, potentially impacting biogeochemical cycles. In shallow coastal areas, where particles have distinct origins and compositions and vary in different time scales, the use of remote sensing tools for monitoring and tracing this material is highly encouraged due to the high temporal and spatial data resolution. The objective of this work was to understand the variability of in situ TSM at Santos Bay (Southeastern Brazil) and its response to oceanographic and meteorological conditions. We also aimed to verify the applicability of the satellite data from CBERS-2 sensor in order to map the dynamics of TSM in this region. Our results have shown that the distribution of TSM in Santos Bay varied consistently with winds, currents and tidal cycles, with significant relationships emphasizing the role of south-western winds and spring tides. Neap tides and eastern winds, along with rainfall, play an important role in the input of organic matter into the bay. In conclusion, our analyses showed that the main patterns observed in situ regarding the responses of TSM to the ocean-meteorological processes could be reproduced in the CBERS-2 satellite data, after simple and standard methods of images processing. TSM data retrieval from CBERS-2 or other satellite sensors were shown to be feasible, becoming an essential tool for synoptic observations of the composition and quality of water, especially at urbanized and impacted coastal areas.
Detection of zoonotic and livestock-specific assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in free-living wild lizards
Authors: Reboredo-Fernández Aurora , Ares-Mazás Elvira , Galán Pedro , Cacciò Simone Mario , Gómez-Couso Hipólito
Published: July 2017

Abstract Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic parasite that infects the gut of a wide range of vertebrates, including numerous wildlife species. However, little is known about this protozoan parasite in reptiles. Fecal samples from 31 wild lizards were collected in Galicia (northwest Spain) and screened for the presence of Giardia by PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region in the ribosomal unit. This allowed detection of the parasite in 5 samples (16.1%), and enabled identification of G. duodenalis assemblage A2 in two samples of Iberian rock lizard (Iberolacerta monticola), G. duodenalis assemblage B in other two samples of I. monticola, and G. duodenalis assemblage E in one sample of Bocage’s wall lizard (Podarcis bocagei). The results obtained after PCR amplification and sequencing of the SSU-rDNA gene confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage A in two samples of I. monticola. This is the first report of G. duodenalis in free-living lizards, although further studies are needed to distinguish between actual infection and mechanical dissemination of cysts. The detection of zoonotic and livestock-specific assemblages of G. duodenalis demonstrates the wide environmental contamination by this parasite, possibly due to human activities.
Ticks infesting captive and free-roaming wild animal species at the São Paulo Zoo, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gonzalez Irys Hany Lima , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Chagas Carolina Romeiro Fernandes , Salgado Paula Andrea Borges , Monticelli Cauê , Morais Luan Henrique , Moraes Amanda Alves de , Antunes Thatiane Cristina , Ramos Patrícia Locosque , Martins Thiago Fernandes
Published: July 2017

Abstract Ticks are ectoparasites of worldwide distribution that affect vertebrates and can transmit pathogens to animals and humans. The Zoological Park Foundation of São Paulo (FPZSP) is located in a Conservation Unit in one of the most important remaining fragments of the Atlantic Rainforest biome in the suburbs of São Paulo, Brazil. The FPZSP houses more than 3,000 wild animals on exhibit, in breeding programs and in environmental education programs, and also attracts migratory birds and free-roaming wildlife. This study focused on identifying the diversity of tick species that infest captive and free-roaming animals at the FPZSP. The collection of ticks kept at the FPZSP contains 523 specimens that were collected from different host species between 1990 and 2017. Ten tick species were found. In addition, Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas) was found on stray cats living in the Atlantic forest fragment in the FPZSP. This study reveals a low occurrence of parasitism in captive animals and a high diversity of tick species collected from hosts in this Atlantic forest fragment, contributing information about host-parasite relationships and potential vectors of zoonotic diseases, since the vectors of Brazilian spotted fever, A. aureolatum and Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, were found in some hosts.
Genetic variability of Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs in the state of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Fábio Santos , Albuquerque George Rêgo , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Wenceslau Amauri Arias
Published: July 2017

Abstract In Brazil, Leishmania infantum mainly affects humans and dogs. The state of Bahia presents many dogs that are positive for this parasite. Despite the importance of epidemiology in this region, there are still very few studies that have assessed the genetic characteristics of L. infantum. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic variability of L. infantum isolated identified in naturally infected dogs, in order to verify occurrence of subpopulation of this parasite in the different biomes existing in the state of Bahia. Thirty-two samples of L. infantum were analyzed, which were obtained isolated in dogs from the Mata Atlântica (rainforest), Caatinga (semi-arid scrub forest), and Cerrado (a vast tropical savannah eco-region) Bahia municipalities’ biomes. All animals presented with clinical changes suggestive of Leishmania spp. and they exhibited positive reactions to serological tests. kDNA analysis with RFLP markers revealed the presence of genetic variability and gene flow in subpopulations of L. infantum; samples from the Mata Atlântica areas were genetically more similar to those from the areas of Caatinga and they were less likely to resemble those of the Cerrado. This data may be used to investigate the dissemination of parasite in the canine population of state of Bahia.
Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Peng Xiaolie , Wang Ting , Li Xingyun , Liu Shibiao
Published: July 2017

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a kind of shade–tolerant plants. It can synthesize and accumulate gypenosides in large amounts. The gypenosides are a valuable medicine. To develop effective cultivation techniques of the plant, effects of light quality on growth, accumulation of total gypenosides and photosynthesis in G. pentaphyllum were investigated in this study. Results showed that light quality had remarkable effect on plant growth. White light had a significant effect on the increase in growth, especially in highest biomass, stem diameter and newly sprouted leaves. Red light accelerated stem length, new leaf formation and biomass when compared with blue and green lights. By contrast, green light had influence on inhibiting the increase of growth and biomass. And moreover, the content of total gypenosides was different in seedlings under different lights. The content of total gypenosides was the highest rank under red and white lights, followed by the content under blue light. The content was the least under green light. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate exhibited a typical double-peak curve when the plant grown under white, red and blue lights respectively, while that under green light presented a single-peak curve. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under red light was higher than those under either blue or green lights, but obviously lower than that under white light. The diurnal variation curve of stomatal conductance closely paralleled to that of transpiration rate curve, whereas the curve of intercellular CO2 concentration exhibited an opposite trend to that of Pn under any of the four lights. It was suggested that the influence of monochromatric light quality on growth and the accumulation of total gypenosides was associated with photosynthesis efficiency.
Wild Vanilla planifolia and its relatives in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: Systematic analyses with ISSR and ITS
Authors: Villanueva-Viramontes Sara , Hernández-Apolinar Mariana , Fernández-Concha Germán Carnevali , Dorantes-Euán Alfredo , Dzib Gabriel R. , Martínez Castillo Jaime
Published: July 2017

Background: Vanilla planifolia , a threatened species, is distributed naturally in semi-deciduous and evergreen rain forests of southeastern Mexico and parts of Central America. In the wild, it is difficult to diagnose from another sympatric Vanilla species, and individuals with reproductive structures are usually required.

Questions: Can ISSR discriminate wild individuals of Vanilla planifolia from other sympatric species of the genus? Can phylogenetic analyses of ITS recover the monophyly of V. planifolia and help identify Vanilla species?

Studied species: The vanilla ( V. planifolia ), the second-most important economically spice in the world.

Study site and years of study: Plant material was collected during 2014 in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula.

Methods: We analyzed 88 wild individuals of several Vanilla species. Individuals of five species of Vanilla reported for the region were used as reference. 84 ISSR loci were analyzed using three clustering methods. A phylogenetic inference using ITS was performed.

Results: ISSR markers clearly discriminate wild Vanilla planifolia , finding definite genetic structure within the species. The three clustering methods identified genetic relationships with congruent patterns. Five groups were found and they corresponded with the species studied. Phylogenetic inference of ITS sequences supported the monophyly of the Vanilla and the resulting cladograms were coherent with the clustering pattern observed in the ISSR studies.

Conclusions: Both ISSR and ITS analyses are able to identify V. planifolia . Molecular data suggest the presence of V. pompona and a new species of Vanilla in the Yucatan Peninsula.
A review of Bulbinella (Asphodelaceae): distribution, conservation status, and economic importance
Authors: Musara Collen , Spies Paula , Spies Johanne J. , Stedje Brita
Published: July 2017

Background: This review offers a comprehensive overview of the importance of Bulbinella , a genus of the family Asphodelaceae. A total of 23 species of Bulbinella are known, of which 17 are found in South Africa, and six in New Zealand. The genus is native to the Northern, Western, and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, and to the main North and South Islands of New Zealand including the subantarctic islands, Auckland and Campbell.

Studied species: Bulbinella species

Study site and years of study:     South Africa and New Zealand, 2014- 2017

Conclusion: Bulbinella has an interesting and unusual highly disjunct distribution between South Africa and New Zealand. All Bulbinella species are similar in their floral structures. However, there are differences in size, underground bulbs, swollen roots, and leaves that make species delimitation possible in this group. Through their secondary metabolites, the genus Bulbinella is extensively useful as herbal remedies for innumerable ailments and also vital as livestock feed. Data on conservation status show that all these species; except Bulbinella hookeri and Bulbinella anguistifolia are vulnerable with Bulbinella calcicola critically endangered. There is, therefore, an urgent need for studying the genetic resources of these Bulbinella species.
Reproductive ecology of the threatened "star cactus" Astrophytum ornatum (Cactaceae): a strategy of continuous reproduction with low success
Authors: Matias Palafox Maria Loraine , Jiménez-Sierra Cecilia Leonor , Golubov Jordan , Mandujano María C.
Published: July 2017

Background. There are no previous studies on the reproductive biology of the endemic and endangered cactus species Astrophytum ornatum.
Questions. Is flowering continuous or episodic? What are the breeding and mating systems and what floral visitors are associated? and Does the reproductive success change over time?
Study species. Astrophytum ornatum (Cactaceae).
Study site and years of study. Observations from 2010 to 2011, in the highest density population of A. ornatum in Metztitlán Canyon (Hgo.).
Methods. Monthly surveys and monitoring of reproductive structures. Tracking flowers in anthesis. Controlled pollinations to determine the mating system and determination of the Outcrossing Index (OCI), the pollen /ovule ratio and breeding system.
Results. Astrophytum ornatum produced flower buds throughout the year, but 89.2% of them were aborted. Four events of ephemeral flowering population were presented per year. The species is self-incompatible and controlled pollinations indicated pollinator limitation of several bee species. The OCI indicates that the species is facultative xenogamy, and pollen/ovule ratio indicates obligate xenogamy. On average there were 54 seeds/fruit and individuals produced 4 fruits/year.
Conclusions. The continuous production of buds had never been reported phenomenon for cacti. Intrapopulation bloom is one of the shortest recorded for the family and it produces high floral synchrony. The low number of seeds / fruit and flowers / individual, coupled with the narrow niche breadth of species and various anthropogenic factors place Astrophytum ornatumas a susceptible species to be extinct.
Comparisons of the Root Mechanical Properties of three Native Mexican Tree Species for Soil Bioengineering Practices
Authors: Sanchez-Castillo Laura , Kubota Tetsuya , Cantu-Silva Israel , Yanez-Diaz Maria , Hasnawir  , Pequeno-Ledezma Miguel
Published: July 2017

Background: Urbanized slope areas in Sierra Madre Oriental are prone to sediment related disasters mainly caused by heavy rainfall episodes during hurricane season, knowledge on the factors on soil-roots dynamics are required to mitigate or lessen those disasters.
Questions and hypothesis: The mechanical properties of roots of native species vary according species. The mechanical properties of the roots are influenced by the morphology of root: diameter.
Species studied: Quercus rysophylla, Pinus pseudostrobus and Acacia berlandieri.
Study site and dates: Sierra Madre Oriental, Chipinque National Park in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. From middle of December 2014.
Methods: Selection of species was made base on widespread distribution and predominance in degraded areas. Samples were taken at field and tensile tests to calculate maximum force to root breakage were conducted using a laboratory dispositive, calculations of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated using formulas. The corresponding relations between root diameter and mechanical properties were established.
Results: Results confirmed that bigger diameters require bigger forces to break. In other hand, results confirmed the negative relationship between diameter and tensile strength and diameter and modulus of elasticity. Pointing out that roots of bigger diameter have less tensile strength and elasticity. The order of importance of the species studied according its mechanical properties was found like: Acacia berlandieri > Quercus rysophylla > Pinus pseudostrobus.
 Conclusions: The results of this study begin the data contribution of the mechanical properties of native species of Sierra Madre Oriental in order to use it in the application of soil bioengineering practices on urbanized slopes prone to disasters.
The role of leaf traits and bird-mediated insect predation on patterns of herbivory in a semiarid environment in central Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Guerra Betsabe , Nieves-Silva Erika , Guevara Roger
Published: July 2017

Background. In arid environments plants face aridity and herbivory, therefore it has been proposed that both are convergent selective forces. However the drivers of insect herbivory in these ecosystems remain poorly understood.
Question. Does insect herbivory vary in two plant associations subject to different levels of aridity? To what extent differences in herbivory are determined either by foliar traits, or predation by birds?
Study species. Citharexylum tetramerum, Viguiera pinnatilobata, and Solanum tridynamum.
Study site. We compared two-plant associations: the mezquital with a closed canopy and wettest conditions and the tetechera a dry place with an open canopy at the Zapotitlán Valley, México. 
Methods. We evaluated leaf traits (N, C, water content, leaf strength and trichomes), herbivore insects abundance and the effects on herbivory when some predators are excluded.
Results. Herbivory was higher in the drier site (tetechera) than in the more humid one (mezquital) in one year but not in the second one. In both plant associations herbivory increased when predators of herbivores were excluded. Plants in mezquital had more water and nitrogen content than plants in tetechera. The later had higher carbon concentration and carbon:nitrogen ratio, leaf strength and density of trichomes. Abundance of herbivore insects and insect predation were higher in the most arid site. 
Conclusions. Our results show that insect herbivory increases in the most arid site and that predation by birds plays a role as a driver of herbivory, while resistance to aridity seems to be the main driver of leaf structural characteristics.
Seed germination in Ormosia macrocalyx, an endangered tropical forest tree
Authors: Vargas-Simón Georgina , Martínez-Zurimendi Pablo , Domínguez-Domínguez Marivel , Pire Reinaldo
Published: July 2017

Background Ormosia macrocalyx is a tropical forest tree classified as endangered. Its seeds experience problems of dispersion and apparent physical dormancy due to their hard seed coating.
Hypotheses 1) The stages of dehiscence of the fruits of Ormosia macrocalyx influence the germinative behavior of its seeds. 2) Pregerminative treatments will improve the germination process of the seeds stored under refrigeration.
Study species Ormosia macrocalyx Ducker.
Study site and period Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico from October 2012 to October 2014.
Methods Two completely randomized experiments were conducted in order to analyze the germination process by 1) evaluating germination in seeds from fruit at three stages of dehiscence (closed, semi-open, and open fruit) and 2) applying four treatments, including three pregerminative treatments (water soaking for 24 h, mechanical scarification and scarification+1 % gibberellic acid) plus an untreated control, to seeds stored under refrigeration for 17 months.
Results Differences were found in germination rate (GR), corrected germination rate (CGR) and time to attain 50 % germination (T50) among treatments in the first experiment, with the seeds from open fruits presenting the lowest response (3.31 % day-1 for GR and CGR, and 15.8 days for T50), although all treatments showed similar times for the initiation of germination (GI) and final germination percentage (GP). In the second experiment, the effect of scarification was greater than both the control and soaking treatments. Scarification treatment values were 68.0 % (GP), 12.0 days (GI), 4.53 % day-1 (GR), 6.65 (CGR) and 14.5 days (T50). Addition of gibberellic acid did not produce any further advantage over scarification alone.
Conclusions Seeds from open fruits have lower germination rates, although the final GP is not affected. Stored seeds present physical dormancy but lose viability with storage and, when collected after remaining attached to the tree for undefined periods, scarification can greatly improve their germination rate.
Land use and cover change scenarios in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor-Chiapas, México
Authors: Ramírez-Mejía Diana , Cuevas Gabriela , Meli Paula , Mendoza Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Background. Human impact over natural ecosystems located in Southern Mexico is increasingly evident. We generated a spatially explicit land use and cover change (LUCC) model to assess current and potential impact of human activities and to identify the influence of variables such as:  distance to paved and unpaved roads, human settlements, rivers, slope and protected areas.
Study site. Mesoamerican Biological Corridor located in the state of Chiapas (MBC-Ch), Mexico.
Methods. We calibrated a model for the period 1993-2002 and ran a simulation for 2007 which we compared against the real 2007 land use and cover map to evaluate model’s performance. We then projected LUCC to 2030 under three different scenarios: 1) Agriculture and Livestock (AGL), 2) Business As Usual (BAU) and, 3) Conservation (CON).
Results. Proximity to roads and settlements increased deforestation probabilities whereas the presence of natural protected areas had the opposite effect. The AGL scenario predicted a reduction of 43 % and 41 % in the extent of closed tropical and temperate forests, respectively. In comparison, the BAU scenario predicted a reduction of 19.5 % in the area covered by closed tropical forest and of 30.1 % in temperate forests. The extent of land destined to farming and forestry increased by 22 % and 15 % in the AGL and BAU scenarios, respectively. In contrast, the CON scenario predicted slight changes in the landscape.
Conclusions. Our simulations indicate that it is highly probable to see a marked decay in the extent (and likely integrity) of natural habitats in the MBC-Ch region if a comprehensive series of management actions are not urgently implemented.
Riqueza y distribución de angiospermas herbáceas a lo largo de gradientes de elevación y perturbación del bosque en el centro de Veracruz, Méxic
Authors: Gómez-Díaz Jorge A. , Krömer Thorsten , Carvajal-Hernández Cesar I. , Gerold Gerhard , Heitkamp Felix
Published: July 2017

Background: Terrestrial herbs are a significant floristic element of tropical forests; however, there is a lack of research focused on this plant group.
Question: Which are the patterns of species distribution of herbaceous angiosperms along gradients of elevation and forest disturbance at Cofre de Perote, central Veracruz, Mexico?
Studied species: Terrestrial herbaceous angiosperms.
Study site and years of study: Eastern slopes of Cofre de Perote, central Veracruz, Mexico; from 2012 until 2014.
Methods: We established an elevational transect (40 to 3,520 m), where floristic sampling in eight study sites within elevational belts of about 500 m each were realized. We recorded the occurrence of terrestrial angiosperm herbs within 135 20 × 20 m plots, distributed in old-growth, degraded forest, secondary vegetation, as well as azonal vegetation. Species richness and floristic composition were compared between the different elevational belts and forest disturbance.
Results: We recorded a total of 264 herb species, 31 endemic to Mexico and three classified as threatened. This number of species represents 5.7 % of Veracruz’s herbaceous angiosperm flora. The highest species richness was recorded at 2,500 m (76) and 1,500 m (52). In most of the cases, secondary forests showed the highest species richness independently of the elevational gradient, whereas old-growth forests had fewer species.
Conclusions: The observed species richness, including endemic elements, highlights the importance for plant conservation of the area which is threatened by land use changes. Additionally, we suggest that vegetation variations formed by mature, disturbed and secondary forests is acceptable (and unavoidable) and can even increase species richness.
Amaranthaceae (Caryophyllales) richness and distribution in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: Sandoval Ortega Manuel Higinio , Siqueiros-Delgado María Elena , Sosa-Ramírez Joaquín , Cerros-Tlatilpa Rosa
Published: July 2017

Background: The Amaranthaceae family has a cosmopolitan geographic distribution, with 174 genera and about 2050 to 2500 species is the most diverse family within the order Caryophyllales, and includes about 50 % of species of eudicotiledóneas with C4 photosynthesis. Its species live mainly in arid environments, saline habitats and areas of disturbance, many are common weeds.
Questions: How many species of Amaranthaceae family are present in the state of Aguascalientes and where distributed?
Species studied: Species of Amaranthaceae family present in the state of Aguascalientes.
Study site and dates: Aguascalientes, Mexico. From September 2012 to August 2014.
Methodology: Specimens were collected in the field and were identified using especialized literature. Material was revised in various national herbaria. distribution maps were drawn.
Results: In the study area this family is represented by 11 genera and 29 species, eight of these are new records for the state of Aguascalientes and one for Mexico, eighteen are reported as weeds and six are introduced species and naturalized in the state. The genera with more species are Amaranthus and Iresine, with five and six species respectively.
Conclusions: This work expands our understanding of plant resources present in Aguascalientes, as well as the distribution and wealth of the Amaranthaceae family in Mexico.
The effect of temperature and chlorine residual on the presence of Legionella spp. in water systems of public and tourist facilities
Authors: Besic Adna , Obradovic Zarema , Dautbegovic Adisa , Obradovic Amina
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Legionella bacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms mostly found in artificial water environments, especially those which produce aerosol, such as swimming pools, saunas, and spas. Development of Legionella depends on several factors, including water temperature and chlorine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Legionella spp. to the temperature and free residual chlorine in tap water, water from fountains, swimming pools, cooling and heating systems.

Methods: We collected 238 samples of water taken from different places and analyzed the presence of Legionella spp. by BAS EN ISO 11731-2:2009 - Water quality – Detection and enumeration of Legionella - Part 2: A direct membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial counts, as samples were the waters with low expectancy of bacterial contamination compared to the temperature and free residual chlorine. The X2 test was used to show statistical significance.

Results: Legionella spp. was detected in 18.62% of tap water and in 8.82% samples of water taken from fountains, swimming pools, and cooling and heating systems. The highest number of positive samples were detected in waters with the temperature higher than 20°C and lower than 50°C. The highest number of positive samples were reported by the concentration of free residual chlorine lower than 0.2 mg/l. The X2 test showed a statistically significant difference between positive and negative results for the presence of Legionella spp. among three groups of water samples.

Conclusion: The research has shown a connection between environmental factors and the presence of Legionella spp. in the water systems of public and tourist facilities.
A leitura literária na Educação Infantil: espaços, tempos e acervos
Authors: Grazioli Fabiano Tadeu , Debus Eliane Santana Dias
Published: July 2017

Este estudo define como tema a leitura literária na educação infantil e apresenta reflexões sobre o repertório do educador, acervo das instituições de ensino e práticas educativas que valorizem o teor literário a partir de experiências significativas com o livro de literatura. São abordados o papel e a função emancipatória da leitura literária no estímulo à construção de sujeitos, por meio de um efetivo letramento literário. O referencial teórico busca evidenciar a leitura literária para pequena infância, em particular no acervo disponibilizado pelo Programa Nacional Biblioteca na Escola (PNBE) e os documentos que versam sobre ele, como o guia “PNBE na escola: literatura fora da caixa” (2014), entendendo este acervo como resultado de uma política pública de leitura. A pesquisa, do tipo exploratório-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e de natureza aplicada, aponta para a importância do mediador de leitura no acesso às construções de sentido por parte das crianças na educação infantil.
Juventude e Intersexualidade: em foco o livro "Menino de Ouro"
Authors: Amaral Caroline Amaral , Costa Ribeiro Paula Regina
Published: July 2017

A partir da obra Menino de Ouro, de Abigail Tarttelin, se objetiva investigar os significados que são (re)produzidos sobre intersexualidade no livro juvenil e analisar como as diferentes instâncias representadas produzem a personagem Max Walker. Procura-se estabelecer nexos com algumas proposições de Foucault, bem como com algumas questões postas pelos Estudos Culturais e Queer nas suas vertentes pós-estruturalistas. O saber médico e a família se preocupam em trazer Max para o centro da norma, evidenciando a busca da linearidade sexo-gênero-sexualidade. Percebe-se que os corpos intersexuais borram fronteiras e colocam à prova os binarismos socialmente legitimados.
Um mundo “eco-lógico”: uma tematização acerca dos valores modernos de uma literatura infantil
Authors: De Castro Bruna Jamila , De Oliveira Moisés Alves
Published: July 2017

A produção de significados acerca da relação homem-natureza tem circulado intensamente fora das instâncias oficiais de ensino. Seja em um jornal, publicidade ou filme, observamos cada vez mais o discurso ecológico circular no âmbito “comum”, inclusive em histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) destinadas ao público infantil. Com o objetivo de tematizar acerca dos sentidos atribuídos a relação homem-natureza na atualidade, analisamos 43 edições de uma HQs da Mauricio de Sousa Produções. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico nos apoiamos em referênciais do campo dos Estudos Culturais e nas teorizações de Latour e Bauman. A análise aponta que nos enredos destacam-se valores “eco-lógicos”: uma visão dicotômica de mundo, pautada em valores modernos.
Geoleituras e Geografias: infâncias vindas pela Literatura Africana
Authors: Nazario Roseli , Santos Izabel Cristina da Rosa Gomes dos
Published: July 2017

É propósito deste texto traçar um percurso por entre geoleituras e geografias, na intenção de compreender por histórias outras, as infâncias vindas pela literatura africana, percorrendo por dentro das obras do escritor angolano Ondjaki, de maneira a pensar a infância e as relações com a natureza, com os modos de percebê-la, entre seres vivos e o que permanece no amanhã. Para isso, deixaremos nos levar pelas mãos do menino N, personagem que circunda as obras de Ondjaki e, em exercícios de perspectivas, percebermos que as culturas africanas abrigam a existência respeitosa e equilibrada entre os seres da natureza, convocam um estar no lugar do outro, instituem formas de interagir com o outro, mesmo que esse outro seja um não humano.
Avaliação do processo de enriquecimento proteico de resíduo de abacaxi
Authors: Santana Neto Deocleciano Cassiano de , Onias Elny Alves , Araújo Jayuri Susy Fernandes de , Alves Ana Marina Assis , Silva Osvaldo Soares da
Published: July 2017

O beneficiamento do abacaxi para fins industriais produz um grande volume de rejeitos, que têm potencial energético e podem ser aproveitados gerando produtos com valor agregado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o processo de enriquecimento nutricional dos resíduos de abacaxi (casca e coroa), com a utilização da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, através do processo de fermentação semissólida, avaliando a concentração inicial de leveduras e temperatura de fermentação sobre o teor proteico. A fermentação foi realizada em biorreatores de bandejas com circulação de ar, contendo 1000 g do resíduo, com 4,65% de levedura, a temperatura de 38 °C, por um período de 48 h de onde foram retiradas sete amostras a cada 8 h e levadas à estufa com temperatura de 55 °C, sendo ao fim da fermentação trituradas em moinho de facas. A fermentação semissólida utilizando o resíduo de abacaxi demonstrou que o microrganismo cresceu e aumentou o teor de proteína do resíduo em função do tempo em que o mesmo permaneceu em temperatura controlada, mostrando-se viável para alimentação animal.

Evaluation of protein enrichment process pineapple residue

Abstract: Pineapple processing for industrial purposes produces a large volume of waste, which have energy potential and can be leveraged to generate value-added products. The objective of this work was to study the nutritional enrichment process pineapple residues (bark and crown), with the use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, through the process of fermentation semisolid, evaluating the initial concentration of yeast and fermentation temperature on the protein content. Fermentation was carried out in trays, bioreactors with air circulation containing 1000 g of residue, with 4.65% of yeast, the temperature of 38 °C, for a period of 48 h where seven samples were taken every 8 h and taken the greenhouse with a temperature of 55 °C, being the end of fermentation pounded into knife mill. Semisolid fermentation using the pineapple residue showed that the microorganism grew and increased the protein content of the residue in function of time in which the same remained in controlled temperature, showing up for animal feed.
IS CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) A CASE OF CROSS COUNTRY DYNAMIC SYNERGY?
Authors: Namaki M S S el
Published: July 2017

China’s Bridge and Road Initiative or BRI is emerging as the new bulwark of a newly reconfigured World economy. The initiative is presented as the conceptual and operational framework for the restructuring of the global economy. Foundations are designed to be all inclusive. There is capital, trade, technology and human resource elements. There are outward flow, inward flows, bilateral flows and regional flows. It draws a whip of economic exchange that run all the way from Spain through Germany, Turkey and Greece to Pakistan and ultimately China. It is projected as “ a Chinese idea but for everyone's benefit”. An effort that will “drive trade and prosperity through Chinese built infrastructure”. And as President Xi puts it “….to …….encourage the building of systems of fair, reasonable and transparent global trade and investment rules.BRI will, to all appearances, require different conceptual foundations from those that guided Raegan’s globalization efforts and the waves that followed. Those were largely based on competition and a country situational dominance based on a unique comparative advantage. BRI’s political and economic context will advance a different foundation: cross country dynamic synergy. And this is the core of the following article.The article starts with a brief analysis of the conceptual framework of the globalization that emerged in the 80’s and contrast that with the principles of cross country dynamic synergy that are adopted today. The article will go further to analysis the principles of the BRI and how those are based on dynamic synergy concepts as well as dynamic synergy application among the players. The article concludes with a projection of the longer term implications of BRI.
The article provides a novel application of cross country dynamic synergy concept to a present day event of unusual scope and potential.
L'élevage du cheval au Sénégal
Authors: Larrat R.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Effets résultant de l'adjonction de gel d'alumine au vaccin contre la peste bovine
Authors: Jacotot Henri
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Notes sur quelques plantes fourragères du Sahel
Authors: Jousselin M.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
La situation de l'élevage indochinois au début du siècle et à la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale
Authors: Jacotot Henri
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Les laits et la production laitière au Tonkin
Authors: Jauffret M. , Autret M.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Température des chèvres de race locale (Niger), volume de leur sang
Authors: Pagot Jean
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Le boeuf du Lac Tchad (suite)
Authors: Malbrant R. , Receveur P. , Sabin R.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Les maladies dues à des virus - contages des animaux domestiques en Algérie (suite)
Authors: Donatien A. , Plantureux E. , Gayot G.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Les travaux américains récents sur la peste bovine
Authors: Curasson Georges
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
La fièvre muqueuse bovine (Snotsiekte) au Sénégal et en Mauritanie
Authors: Larrat R.
Published: July 2017

Aucun résumé disponible.
Notes morphologiques sur Trypanosoma suis  Ochmann : variations du polymorphisme au cours de l'infection
Authors: Lhoveral H. , Philippe L.
Published: July 2017

En résumé, le parasite que nous avons pu étudier à l’occasion de deux cas de trypanosomiase aiguë du porc est un trypanosome (Tr. Suis Ochmann = Tr. simiae, Bruce) extrêmement polymorphe, tant du point de vue morphologique que dans ses dimensions. Mais, fait remarquable et unique à notre connaissance, les variations morphologiques et les variations, de dimensions se font régulièrement dans le même sens au fur et à mesure de l’évolution de la maladie soit naturelle, soit expérimentale. Ces variations sont sans doute à l’origine des discussions des auteurs qui ont étudié ce trypanosome. Nous pensons avoir contribué à éclairer d’un jour nouveau les différents points obscurs sur lesquels les auteurs ne semblaient pas encore d’accord.