bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Mimowolny stabilizator”. Kościół rzymskokatolicki jako gwarant bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego PRL
Authors: Sikorski Juliusz
Published: December 2021

We see the Roman Catholic Church in the People’s Republic of Poland as a victim of a totalitarian and authoritarian system. This is understandable. However, as a subject of internal politics, during the system’s construction or later in periods of unrest, the Church played an important role in defusing social problems and tensions. This was something the communist authorities very much counted on. Such actions also legitimised usurpers who had no real social support. This was the case both in the first years after the end of the war, when, for example, there was the complicated problem of settling the acquired lands, and in the years of political turmoil and breakthroughs. The Church, as an institution headed by the Primate and the Episcopate, tried to calm social moods in these critical moments. This resulted from a sense of responsibility for the nation and the state, whatever it might be. In this way, he contributed to stabilising the country’s internal security in times of crisis.
Relationship of the interaction load capacity of anchors on their number and anchoring system
Authors: Baryłka A. , Tomaszewicz D.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The article presents the possibilities of using anchoring systems in the walls of three-layer large slab panel buildings. The use of diagonal anchors allows to increase the effective anchorage depth, which significantly increases the durability of the façade textured layer.
Design/methodology/approach: Pilot tests have confirmed the necessity to use an anchor system in various configurations.
Findings: The documents used included the conclusions of the pilot tests on the real object and the main experimental tests carried out on concrete samples.
Research limitations/implications: The design of new anchorage systems and the proposed theoretical models for estimating their theoretical load capacity are based on the Guidelines contained in the European Technical Approvals.
Practical implications: Single bonded anchorages used in engineering practice require evaluation in order to increase the durability of larger areas of the façade textured layer.
Originality/value: The possibility of differentiating system anchors makes it possible to use them in very thin structural layers (diagonal anchors).
Development of Single-Phase Microbial Cementation Method and to Investigate its Efficacy on Bearing Capacity, UCS, and Permeability of Sandy Soils
Authors: Kulkarni Prakash Bhaskarrao , Nemade Pravin Dinkar , Chavan Ranjit , Wagh Manoj Pandurang
Published: December 2021

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a method based on collaborative knowledge of microbiology, chemistry and geotechnical engineering. The objective of this study was to investigate the increase of the bearing capacity and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as well as the reduction of the permeability of sandy soil using MICP. Experiments were carried out using Bacillus Pasteurii, on three different types of sand. The admixture of bacterial culture and cementation (BCC) solution all-in-one with sand by single-phase injection was applied to induce cementation. Three samples of the selected sand were treated with varied concentrations of BCC solution, ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 L/kg, with a curing period of 3, 7 and 14 days. The test results indicated an enhancement of 55% in UCS for sand treated with a BCC content of 0.05 to 0.2 L/Kg and a reduction of 40% in permeability for untreated sand with an effective diameter of 0.5 mm treated with 0.2 L/kg of BCC solution after 14 days of curing. The results of a plate load test (PLT) on MICP treated sand showed an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity (qu) by about 2.95 to 5.8 times and a 1.7 to 3.31-fold reduction in settlement corresponding to the same load applied on untreated footing. Further investigation of the size and shape of the bearing plate on bearing capacity and settlement was carried out through a plate load test. The higher and more favorable results shown by a rectangular plate compared to a circular plate indicate that the first is preferable.
Analysis of Faecal Sludge Treatment Alternatives to Enhance the Treatment Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Denpasar Sewerage Development Project (DSDP) Suwung Denpasar City
Authors: Wiguna Sudiartha Gede Adi , Soewondo Prayatni
Published: December 2021

Most of the wastewater generated from domestic activities in Denpasar city is treated in an off-site treatment plant located in WWTP DSDP Suwung. This includes faecal sludge that originates from on-site treatment plants. The existing treatment facilities can only treat wastewater that has a maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration of around 225 mg/l while the disposed faecal sludge’s BOD concentration reaches 3,394 mg/l. Therefore, an additional faecal sludge treatment plant needs to be established in order to separate the solid phase from the liquid phase. According to the treatment performance calculation, some alternative treatments can achieve BOD5 and TSS removal of up to 97% and 98% respectively. The selection of the alternative treatment was decided from weighting results of several aspects, such as economic, land use, technological and environmental aspects. The weighting method that was used in this research was Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). The advantage of SAW is its ability to do the assessment highly precisely because it is based on predetermined criteria and preference weights. Based on the weighting result, the treatment technology selected was a Solid Separation Chamber as primary treatment, combined with an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor as a secondary treatment. A Belt Filter-Press was applied to reshape the sludge into a recyclable cake. The required cost is approximately 16 billion rupiahs.
Ordinary Fragmentation: Network Secession of Urban Centers in Jakarta
Authors: Astuti Wahyu Kusuma , Herlambang Suryono
Published: December 2021

Drawing from the literature on ‘premium networked spaces’, introduced in Graham and Marvin’s seminal work Splintering Urbanism in 2001, this paper argues that splintering or fragmentation of networks – and ultimately urban space – is constituted in so-called premium enclaves in Jakarta. Our study exemplifies that significant land acquisition and discretionary zoning policy contribute to the splintering of Jakarta’s urban space. This paper uses the TB Simatupang corridor in South Jakarta and Puri Indah CBD in West Jakarta to illustrate the interplay between urban planning and secessionary space production in high-profile economic districts. Lastly, this paper proposes the ‘ordinary fragmented network’ as the norm and expands the idea of the splintering of marginalized parts of the city to also incorporate areas within premium network spaces as part of splintering urbanism.
 
Abstrak. Diambil dari literatur tentang 'ruang jaringan premium' yang diperkenalkan dalam karya mani Graham dan Marvin pada tahun 2001, Splintering Urbanism, makalah ini berpendapat bahwa splintering atau fragmentasi jaringan – dan akhirnya ruang perkotaan, dibentuk dalam apa yang disebut kantong-kantong premium di Jakarta. Studi kami menunjukkan bahwa pembebasan lahan dan kebijakan zonasi diskresioner yang signifikan berkontribusi pada pecahnya ruang kota Jakarta. Makalah ini menggunakan koridor TB Simatupang di Jakarta Selatan dan CBD Puri Indah di Jakarta Barat untuk menggambarkan interaksi antara perencanaan kota dan produksi jaringan pemisahan di distrik ekonomi kelas atas. Terakhir, makalah ini mengusulkan 'jaringan terfragmentasi biasa' sebagai norma dan menggeser ide-ide sempalan dari hanya bagian kota yang terpinggirkan untuk menggabungkan area dalam 'ruang jaringan premium' sebagai bagian dari urbanisme yang terpecah.
 
Kata kunci. Pusat perkotaan, jaringan terfragmentasi, jaringan jalan, Jakarta.
Linked Conservation Data: the Adoption and Use of Vocabularies in the Field of Heritage Conservation for Publishing Conservation Records as Linked Data
Authors: Velios Athanasios , St.John Kristen
Published: December 2021

One of the fundamental roles of memory organisations is to safe-keep collections and this includes activities around their preservation and conservation. Conservators produce documentation records of their work to assist future interpretation of objects and to explain decision making for conservation. This documentation may exist as structured data or free text and in both cases they require vocabularies that can be understood widely in the domain. This paper describes a survey of conservation professionals which allowed us to compile the vocabularies used in the domain. It includes an analysis of the vocabularies with key findings: a) the overlapping terms with multiple definitions, b) the partial coverage of the domain which is lacking controlled vocabularies for condition types and treatment techniques and c) the limited formats in which vocabularies are published, making them difficult to use within Linked Data implementations. The paper then describes an approach to improve the vocabulary landscape in conservation by providing guidelines for encoding and aligning vocabularies as well as considering third party platforms for sharing vocabularies in a sustainable way. The paper concludes with a summary of our findings and recommendations.
Data Documents
Authors: Farace Dominic , Prost Hélène , Zane Antonella , Hjørland Birger ,   Schöpfel,   Joachim
Published: December 2021

This article presents and discusses different kinds of data documents, including data sets, data studies, data papers and data journals. It provides descriptive and bibliometric data on different kinds of data documents and discusses the theoretical and philosophical problems by classifying documents according to the DIKW model (data documents, information documents, knowl­edge documents and wisdom documents). Data documents are, on the one hand, an established category today, even with its own data citation index (DCI). On the other hand, data documents have blurred boundaries in relation to other kinds of documents and seem sometimes to be understood from the problematic philosophical assumption that a datum can be understood as “a single, fixed truth, valid for everyone, everywhere, at all times”
Palbosiklib’in Triple Negatif Meme Kanseri Hücre Hatları (MDA-MB-231 ve MDA-MB-468) Üzerine Sitotoksik Etkisi
Authors: BULUT Gülcan , ATMACA Harika , KARACA Burçak
Published: December 2021

Giriş ve amaç: Triple negatif meme kanseri, en agresif meme kanseri türüdür ve kemoterapiden başka bir tedavi seçeneği yoktur. Palbosiklib (PD), Siklin Bağımlı Kinaz (CDK4/6) aktivitelerini inhibe eder. PD, düşük nanomolar konsantrasyonlarda Rb genlerini sağlam olan meme kanseri hücrelerinin proliferasyonunu inhibe eder ve DNA replikasyonunu baskılar. Rb yolu meme kanseri fenotipine göre farklılık gösterdiğinden, PD tedavisine duyarlılık da değişir. PD'nin hormonoterapiyle kombine edilmesi hormon pozitif meme kanseri tedavisinde iyi bir seçenektir. Bu çalışmada PD’nin triple negatif meme kanseri hücre hatlarındaki (MDA-MB-231 ve MDA-MB-468) sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Yöntemler: Triple negatif bu hücre hatları uygun besi yerine ekilip; uygun inkübatörde çoğaltıldı. Yeterli canlı hücre sayısına ulaşınca besiyerindeki hücreler deney planına göre planlanan dozda palbosiklib ile muamele edildi. XTT hücre canlılığı Kiti kullanılarak hücre canlılığı 24,48 ve 72. saatte ölçüldü. Hücrelerin %50 sini öldüren doz: IC50 değerleri CalcuSyn v2.0 yazılımı ile hesaplandı. Her deney üç tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Grafikler ve istatistiksel analiz Graphpad 5.0 yazılımı kullanılarak yapıldı. Data analizi için ANOVA, ardından Dunnet test uygulandı. p≤0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Palbosiklib; MDA-MB-231 hücre hattı üzerinde artan konsantrasyonlarda (1-50 μM) zamana bağlı sitotoksik etki gösterdi (p≤0.05). 72. saatteki IC50 değeri ise 26.2 μM olarak hesaplandı. Aynı şekilde, PD artan konsantrasyonlarda (1-50 μM) MDA-MB-468 hücre hattı üzerinde zamana bağlı sitotoksik etki gösterdi (p≤0.05). 72. saatteki IC50 değeri ise 34.2 μM olarak hesaplandı.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Hızlı prolifere olan triple negatif meme kanserinde CDK4 ve CDK 6 sistemini hedeflemek ve palbosiklib ile olası hücresel arresti sağlamak bu çalışmanın primer amacıydı ve bu hücre kültür deneyi ile palbosiklibin kanserli hücreler üzerinde doz ve zamana bağlı olarak artan sitotoksisitesi gösterildi. Bu çalışma; ilaç kombinasyonu çalışmalarına ve in vivo çalışmalar ışık tutacak niteliktedir.
Técnicas de animación para la comprensión y narración de procesos de montaje constructivos
Authors: Maciá Torregrosa María Eugenia
Published: December 2021

The inclusion of ICT in university teaching in the Degree in Architecture as well as the huge amount of information from various fields that students handle can divert the focus of attention from the general and basic skills that an architect must have in terms of the construction of a building. Through this article, it is proposed to showthe use of a simple and free animation tool that helps to generate the assembly of architectural projects and a better understanding of all the variables associated withthese construction assembly processes. In this way, it is possible to combine all the disciplines in one thanks to a "virtual execution of a work" that will anticipate theproper use of more complex collaborative tools, will facilitate the acquisition of important skills for professional life and will avoid failures in the development orerrors in execution.

La inclusión de las TIC en la docencia universitaria en el Grado en Arquitectura así como la ingente cantidad de información de diversos ámbitos que manejan los alumnos pueden desviar el foco de atención de las aptitudes generales y básicas que debe tener un arquitecto en cuanto a la construcción de un edificio se refiere. Se propone, a través de este artículo, mostrar el empleo de una herramienta de animación sencilla y gratuita que ayuda a la generación del montaje de los proyectos arquitectónicos y la mejor comprensión de todas las variables asociadas a esos procesos de montaje constructivos. De esta manera es posible aunar todas las disciplinas en una gracias a una “ejecución virtual de una obra” que anticipará el buen uso de herramientas colaborativas más complejas, facilitará la adquisición de competencias importantes para la vida profesional y evitará fallos en el desarrollo o errores en la ejecución.
Alternativas para enseñar arquitectura: del proyecto introspectivo al campo expandido
Authors: Juarranz Serrano Angela , Rivera Linares Javier
Published: December 2021

The teaching experience carried out in the optional subject Digital Projects (Department of Architectural Projects, School of Architecture and Design, CEU Cardenal Herrera University) proposed the application of a transdisciplinary methodology for an immersion in an expanded architectural culture. The course consisted of a contest for students through a development in ten project phases linked to other professional fields. Implicitly, the transdisciplinary condition of the course required a new teaching methodology that operates within the diversity of levels in today's world. Horizontal collaborations, external views and other relations between the students and the teacher were implemented. The proposed teaching model allowed the consolidation of an open and participatory work space, adapted to the demanding and exciting professional career of the future graduate.

La experiencia docente analizada en el presente texto se desarrolló en una asignatura optativa vinculada al área de proyectos arquitectónicos. Dentro de las asignaturas de cuarto curso, esta clase daba continuidad a la enseñanza de proyectos mediante la inmersión en un cultura arquitectónica ampliada, tanto en las referencias y conocimientos impartidos, como en los procesos e instrumentos empleados. El curso consistió en la realización de un concurso de arquitectura, mediante un desarrollo pautado en diez fases de proyecto ligadas a otros ámbitos profesionales.
Is Nicholai Velimirovich the Author of the Book Words to the Serbian People Through the Dungeon Window?
Authors: Petrović Srećko ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: December 2021

Bishop Nicholai Velimirovich (1881–1956) spent WWII in Nazi captivity. After the war, in 1946, he left for the United States, where he lived for the rest of his life. During his life, he enjoyed great spiritual and moral authority, both in Eastern Orthodox Church as well as in a wider international and ecumenical context. However, his public image was significantly changed 30 years after his death, i.e. after the publication of several pieces attributed to him posthumously, and especially after the book entitled To the Serbian People Through the Dungeon Window was published. In the present paper, we will consider some aspects of this book, with special reference to the questions of the authenticity of this work.
European Journal of Taxonomy: a deeper look into a decade of data
Authors: Bénichou Laurence , Guidoti Marcus , Gérard Isabelle , Agosti Donat , Robillard Tony , Cianferoni Fabio
Published: December 2021

The European Journal of Taxonomy (EJT) is a decade-old journal dedicated to the taxonomy of living and fossil eukaryotes. Launched in 2011, the EJT published exactly 900 articles (31 778 pages) from 2011 to 2021. The journal has been processed in its entirety by Plazi, liberating the data therein, depositing it into TreatmentBank, Biodiversity Literature Repository and disseminating it to partners, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) using a combination of a highly automated workflow, quality control tools, and human curation. The dissemination of original research along with the ability to use and reuse data as freely as possible is the key to innovation, opening the corpus of known published biodiversity knowledge, and furthering advances in science. This paper aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of retro-conversion and to showcase the potential analyses of the data published in EJT and made findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) by Plazi. Among others, taxonomic and geographic coverage, geographical distribution of authors, citation of previous works and treatments, timespan between the publication and treatments with their cited works are discussed. Manually counted data were compared with the automated process, the latter being analysed and discussed. Creating FAIR data from a publication results in an average multiplication factor of 166 for additional access through the taxonomic treatments, figures and material citations citing the original publication in TreatmentBank, the Biodiversity Literature Repository and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Despite the advances in processing, liberating data remains cumbersome and has its limitations which lead us to conclude that the future of scientific publishing involves semantically enhanced publications.
BCR-ABL1 (p210) Transcript Kinetics
Authors: Ng David P. , Karner Kristin Hunt
Published: December 2021

Context.—

Delta checks are a powerful technique for monitoring clinical assays in many disciplines but have not been routinely used in molecular testing.

Objective.—

To determine if the biologically determined kinetics of BCR-ABL1's rise and fall could allow the development of a delta check in BCR-ABL1 testing.

Design.—

Nine years of BCR-ABL1 p210 results were evaluated, and patients with 3 or more results were selected for inclusion. The kinetics of these percentages of international standard values were plotted against time along with the median and the 90th and 95th percentile lines. A Monte Carlo simulation of a batch mix-up was performed for 6 months of data to determine the efficacy of the proposed cutoff.

Results.—

The median kinetics showed a 1-log drop of the percentage of international standard in 90 days, with less than 5% of cases showing faster than a 2-log drop in 90 days, and less than 2.5% showing a faster than 3-log drop in 90 days (extrapolated to 1 log in 30 days). The Monte Carlo simulation of a batch mix-up showed that an average batch mix-up of 23 samples could routinely be flagged by this cutoff, albeit with wide variance.

Conclusions.—

These results suggest that using a drop in the percentage of international standard of greater than 1 log in 30 days can be a useful trigger in implementing a delta-check system for this molecular test.
Nonlymphoid Hematopoietic Diseases Presenting in Bone, Soft Tissue, and Other Extranodal Sites
Authors: Cassidy Daniel P. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Poveda Julio , Velez-Torres Jaylou , Chapman Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Context.—

Although rare in everyday practice, the initial presentation of hematopoietic neoplasms other than lymphoma in the musculoskeletal system and other extranodal sites can generate challenging diagnostic problems for surgical pathologists.

Objective.—

To review the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of various nonlymphoid hematopoietic diseases presenting at extranodal sites, with emphasis on the inherent diagnostic pitfalls and differential diagnoses of these entities to aid surgical pathologists in their accurate recognition.

Data Sources.—

Cases reviewed herein represent both in-house and consult cases seen at our institution between 2010 and 2021.

Conclusions.—

Entities that present in this way include myeloid neoplasms and histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms. These tumors commonly cause nonspecific symptoms, and their histologic appearance can overlap with a variety of benign neoplasms and reactive processes. This can lead to delay in diagnosis and intervention with potentially lifesaving therapy; thus, accurate and expedient recognition is of paramount importance.
Tiger Nuts
Authors: El-Din Dina M. Ezz
Published: December 2021

The importance of archaeobotany has been widely recognized in recent years, and more research is being conducted to study botanical remains. Only a very few of the cultivated vegetables grown in fields and in gardens were indigenous to Egypt, but one was the tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) which was known and consumed since the Predynastic Period. Remains of dry tiger nuts tubers were found in large quantities in tombs from Neolithic times onwards. Some were found inside the stomachs of bodies as early as the Predynastic Period.

Tiger nuts are attested in funerary offering lists, festival offerings, in medicine and in diet. This paper sheds light on the importance of tiger nuts and its different uses. It also urges their use in modern Egypt.
Crutched Pharaoh, Seated Hunter
Authors: Smith-Sangster Emily
Published: December 2021

Academic and popular sources alike regularly refer to Tutankhamun as “disabled” at the time of his death, citing artistic representations from the items in his tomb to back up such claims. This group of objects has been said to depict the young king seated while hunting and using a staff as a walking aid seemingly highlighting the presence of a leg-based disability. This narrative of the image depicting the truth of Tutankhamun’s physical condition has publicly become accepted as fact with images of the seated king even being used in the advertising for the touring exhibit “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” to suggest Tutankhamun’s “fragile constitution.” A comparison of these depictions to historical representations of kings hunting and using staffs of authority, however, suggests that these depictions of Tutankhamun were part of a traditional iconography utilized by Tutankhamun’s artists, not to highlight his disability, but instead to situate his image within the artwork of kings of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. This study, thus, works to dispel the pervasive myth of the existence of artistic representations of a disabled Tutankhamun, while providing a basis for understanding the true nature of the representation of disability in Egyptian art. Furthermore, this work urges Egyptologists to avoid relying on physical remains to “decipher” mortuary artwork. Such a change in method can only lead to a better understanding of the purpose of the depicted body within the mortuary context and its role as separate but complementary to the physical body in New Kingdom thought.
(Sea?) Fortress Commander Huynefer, and His Shabti
Authors: Thompson David
Published: December 2021

A hitherto anonymous Nineteenth Dynasty shabti is published fully for the first time. Its text, though damaged, identifies its owner as Huynefer, a Royal Scribe and a xtm-Fortress Commander. This unusual combination of administrative and military titles was particularly associated with two important northern frontier fortresses, the fortress of Tjaru and the Fortress of the Great Green, guarding respectively the Ways of Horus and the Mediterranean Sea. The same name and titles are known from a tomb at Saqqara, although the owner’s immediate family members, Mahu and Nebnefer, are better known from an adjacent tomb. The administrative and military implications of the titles held by these men are discussed in relation to the sea fortress, which is shown to be Huynefer’s post, set against events that took place in Egypt’s northern territories during their lifetimes. The possible impact of Huynefer’s career on the atypical design of this shabti is explored.
Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) Data from
1999-2010
Authors: Mahynski Nathan A. , Shen Vincent K. , Ragland Jared M. , Schuur Stacy S. , Pugh Rebecca
Published: December 2021

The multi-entity, long-term Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP)
has collected eggs from various avian species throughout the North Pacifc Ocean for over
20 years to create a geospatial and temporal record of environmental conditions. Over
2,500 samples are currently archived at the NIST Biorepository at Hollings Marine
Laboratory in Charleston, South Carolina. Longitudinal monitoring efforts of this nature
provide invaluable data for assessment of both wildlife and human exposures as these
species often consume prey (e.g., fish) similar to, and from sources (e.g., oceanic)
comparable to, human populations nearby. In some areas, seabird eggs also comprise a
signifcant part of subsistence diets providing nutrition for indigenous peoples.
Chemometric profles and related health implications are known to differ across species.
Eggs, however, can be diffcult to assign to a species unless the bird is observed on the
nest from which the sample was collected due to similar appearance within a genus and
sympatric nesting behavior. This represents a large point of uncertainty for both
wildlife managers and exposure researchers alike.
EU cybersecurity and cyber diplomacy
Authors: Kasper Agnes , Osula Anna-Maria , Molnár Anna
Published: December 2021

Over the last decades cybersecurity has become a cornerstone of European digital development. Alongside with the diffusion of information and communication technologies and the deepening (as well as widening) of the European Union, the initial narrow and sectoral data security policies have expanded into a comprehensive cybersecurity framework addressing issues from resilient infrastructure and technological sovereignty, through tackling cybercrime, to cyber defence capabilities and responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. In this complex web of interrelated policies a relative newcomer at the European Union (EU) level is cyber diplomacy. Sometimes also called public diplomacy 2.0, it factors into the cross-border connectivity of cyberspace and reflects a shift in international relations where the lines between external and internal policies, military and civilian domains are blurred. However, the term cyber diplomacy is fluid and it is not well understood which topics should be under its “umbrella”, in particular in relation to cybersecurity, where it seems to be linked the most. This article aims to map existing and proposed instruments that make up the EU’s arsenal in this broad context to answer the following questions: what is cyber diplomacy and how is it related to the EU cybersecurity? Is cyber diplomacy in the EU becoming something in its own right as a distinct set of tools to secure the EU policy objectives?
Is the EU human rights legal framework able to cope with discriminatory AI?
Authors: Martínez Ramil Pablo
Published: December 2021

The challenges introduced by AI for the EU anti-discrimination legal framework have been a widely discussed topic among the doctrine. In the light of the 20th anniversary of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Commission released a regulatory proposal to tackle AI. This paper seeks to determine whether the proposal successfully addresses the existent pitfalls of the EU framework. First, this paper explores the functioning of AI systems that employ machine learning techniques and determines how discrimination takes place. Second, the article examines intellectual property rights as one of the main barriers for accountability and redressal of violations committed by an AI system. Third, the state of the discussion concerning the pitfalls of the existent EU approach towards non-discrimination is addressed. The available academic literature suggests that discriminatory outputs produced by an AI will amount to indirect discrimination in most scenarios. In this sense, cases of indirect proxy discrimination will likely pass the proportionality test, therefore justifying the discriminatory output. The last section of this article studies the Commission’s regulatory proposal. Although the document seems to effectively tackle discrimination caused by biased training data sets, this paper concludes that intellectual property rights and proxy discrimination still constitute significant barriers for the enforcement of anti-discrimination law.
Endovascular management of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: Overall review and considerations
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Park Eun Suk , Kwon Soon Chan
Published: December 2021

Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs) are arteriovenous shunts between small dural branches arising from the external and/or internal carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus (CS). And now a days, endovascular treatment is the treatment of choice in CSDAVF. We review the anatomy and classifications of CSDAVFs, discussing and detailing these considerations in the treatment of CSDAVFs, theoretically and in the light of recent literatures.
Digital storytelling in sex education. Avoiding the pitfalls of building a ‘haram’ website
Authors: Borghuis Pauline , De Graaf Christa , Hermes Joke
Published: December 2021

This article discusses a participant design research project. The project aimed to provide information about sex and sexuality to groups considered to be vulnerable due to lack of knowledge and cultural barriers. The researchers worked with their students (from highly diverse cultural background) to gather interview material that in turn was used by these students to write ‘life stories’. Although not digital storytelling as it is usually defined, the group for whom the website was built did not author their own stories directly, participant design can be understood as a form of ‘digital storytelling light’. In regard of presenting information about sexuality in an acceptable manner, this combined design and research method worked well. The article provides examples from the interview material, the life stories and reactions posted on the websites that were built on internet for a for Moroccan and Turkish-Dutch youngsters, the intended audience.
The Hadia Story: Digital Storytelling in Election Campaigns
Authors: Bakøy Eva , Kalnes Øyvind
Published: December 2021

Digital storytelling in election campaigns is a relatively recent phenomenon, which needs to be investigated in order to enhance our understanding of changes and developments in modern political communication. This article is an analysis of how the Norwegian-Pakistani Labour politician, Hadia Tajik, has used digital storytelling to construct her political identity, and a discussion of the consequences of her experiments with this genre. The focus is on the five video stories she released during the 2009 parliamentary election campaign and the reactions they evoked on the net and in the traditional media during the same (time) period. During the 2009 electoral campaign Tajik moved from being a relatively unknown politician to becoming a political household name and the only member of the new Parliament with a migrant background. The digital stories were instrumental in this development for numerous reasons, the most important probably being that they gave her prime time television coverage. Norwegian news media have in general been very concerned with Web 2.0 and Tajik’s videos were regarded as an innovative kind of political communication. The videos also functioned as an effective marketing tool on the net. As an integral part of her extensive viral network, they attracted numerous views and they were with a few exceptions met with positive reactions. This was probably due to their relatively high production values and their catch-all communication strategy that downplayed her ethnic, educational and political background and emphasized her universal human qualities.
Visual Considerations in the Presentation of Mathematical Proofs
Authors: Alcock Lara , Inglis Matthew
Published: December 2021

This article is about visual issues in the presentation of mathematics within teaching situations. It focuses particularly on the presentation of proofs to undergraduate students. We describe some of the decisions that a lecturer must make when presenting a written proof, from the layout of individual equations to the layout of a whole argument on the page. We consider the way in which these decisions are made explicit for lecturers who construct electronic learning resources termed e-Proofs, and conclude by discussing the constraints and affordances of this technology.
Dimensions of flexibility - Students, communication technology and distributed education
Authors: Rye Ståle Angen
Published: December 2021

Flexibility is a frequent topic in any discussion of higher education in general and ”alternative” forms of education, such as distributed education, in particular. The term is usually associated with change, but there has been little attempt to analyse the concept in further detail. This is surprising, since flexibility is often seen as the distinguishing attribute of this type of education. It is therefore the aim of this article to clarify the concept of flexibility by relating it to students in distributed education and their study situation. In doing so, I hope to create a platform for further research and development in the field of distributed education.
Novel visual analytics approach for chromosome territory analysis
Authors: Tkacz Magdalena A. , Chromiński Kornel , Idziak-Helmcke Dominika , Robaszkiewicz Ewa
Published: December 2021

This document presents a new and improved, more intuitive version of a novel method for visually representing the location of objects relative to each other in 3D. The motivation and inspiration for developing this new method came from the necessity for objective chromosome territory (CT) adjacency analysis. The earlier version, Distance Profile Chart (DPC), used octants for 3D orientation. This approach did not provide the best 3D space coverage since space was divided into just eight cones and was not intuitive with regard to orientation in 3D. However, the version presented in this article, called DPC12, allows users to achieve better space coverage during conification since space is now divided into twelve cones. DPC12 is faster than DPC and allows for a more precise determination of the location of objects in 3D. In this article a short introduction about the conification idea is presented. Then we explain how DPC12 is designed and created. After that, we show DPC12 on an instructional dataset to make it easier to understand and demonstrate how they appear and how to read them. Finally, using DPC12 we present an example of an adjacency analysis (AA) using the model of Chromosome Territories (CTs) distribution in the rice nucleus.
Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Bouffier Laurent , Zigah Dodzi , Sojic Neso , Kuhn Alexander
Published: December 2021

Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is a technique that involves two opposite chemical processes, namely an oxidation and a reduction, occurring simultaneously on the surface of a conducting object, usually without connection to a power supply. The basic phenomenon has already been described and used for many decades but regained a lot of interest in recent years, thanks to several attractive features for developing new applications in various areas ranging from materials science and analytical chemistry to catalysis and even life science. Consequently, BPE has experienced a substantial growth in the number of users and publications. This is mostly due to several advantages over classic electrochemistry, such as the absence of an ohmic contact, the generation of a directional gradient of electroactivity on the object, and the possibility to address simultaneously thousands of objects, which opens the door for high‐throughput screening of (electro)chemical properties. Also, some features of this “wireless” electrochemistry allow performing experiments that cannot be achieved with a classic electrochemical setup. Last but not least, only rather low‐cost equipment is needed.

The objective of the present contribution is to introduce first some fundamental aspects of BPE, and then to illustrate its different developments, highlighting not only the historic landmark achievements, but also the most recent findings, especially in the context of micro‐ and nanoscience. This article illustrates the singularities and advantages of this straightforward approach and hopefully convinces the reader of the power of this interesting electrochemical concept.
Waste‐to‐Energy: Microbial Fuel Cells as an Innovation Platform for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mecheri Barbara
Published: December 2021

Promoting the transition toward a circular economy and sustainable development through scientific and technological innovation is the only viable strategy for leading to energy‐saving solutions, waste valorization, and efficient integration of renewable resources. Thanks to its dual function of harvesting energy from waste and cleaning up waste from organic pollutants, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be considered as a revolutionary tool for addressing the global environmental challenges. Here, several aspects of MFC technology are considered: basic principles and operational conditions, the role of materials efficiency for enhancing MFC performance, bacterial extracellular electron transfer mechanisms, the effect of different substrates used, and perspectives for technology scaling up.

Special emphasis will be given to the development of low‐cost and effective catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode side, as a key aspect for reducing the high cost of current electrode materials which limits the implementation of larger‐scale MFC systems. The application of MFCs in environmental monitoring and bioremediation is also reviewed, highlighting still existing limitations and potential future research for promoting the combination of MFCs with well‐established technologies.
Technical note: Partitioning of gated single photon emission computed tomography raw data for protocols optimization
Authors: Queiroz Cleiton Cavalcante , Machado Marcos Antonio Dorea , Ximenes Antonio Augusto Brito , Pino Andre Gustavo Silva , Netto Eduardo Martins
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Methodologies for optimization of SPECT image acquisition can be challenging due to imaging throughput, physiological bias, and patient comfort constraints. We evaluated a vendor‐independent method for simulating lower count image acquisitions.

Methods

We developed an algorithm that recombines the ECG‐gated raw data into reduced counting acquisitions. We then tested the algorithm to simulate reduction of counting statistics from phantom SPECT image acquisition, which was synchronized with an ECG simulator. The datasets were reconstructed with a resolution recovery algorithm and the summed stress score (SSS) was assessed by three readers (two experts and one automatic).

Results

The algorithm generated varying counting levels, simulating multiple examinations at the same time. The error between the expected and the simulated countings ranged from approximately 5% to 10% for the ungated simulations and 0% for the gated simulations.

Conclusions

The vendor‐independent algorithm successfully generated lower counting statistics datasets from single‐gated SPECT raw data. This method can be readily implemented for optimal SPECT research aiming to lower the injected activity and/ or to shorten the acquisition time.
Rising demand, scrutiny of policing are both fueling growth in deflection
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2021

The gravity of the opioid overdose and COVID‐19 crises, coupled with the urgency to institute new modes of policing, is fueling a deflection movement that has quadrupled in size since the first national conference on the nonjudicial approach to community substance use problems took place nearly five years ago.
Boosting Reversibility and Stability of Li Storage in SnO2–Mo Multilayers: Introduction of Interfacial Oxygen Redistribution
Authors: Lan Xuexia , Cui Jie , Zhang Xiaofeng , Hu Renzong , Tan Liang , He Jiayi , Zhang Houpo , Xiong XingYu , Yang Xianfeng , Wu Shunqing , Zhu Min
Published: December 2021

Among the promising high‐capacity anode materials, SnO2 represents a classic and important candidate that involves both conversion and alloying reactions toward Li storage. However, the inferior reversibility of conversion reactions usually results in low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE, ≈60%), small reversible capacity, and poor cycling stability. Here, it is demonstrated that by carefully designing the interface structure of SnO2–Mo, a breakthrough comprehensive performance with ultrahigh average ICE of 92.6%, large capacity of 1067 mA h g−1, and 100% capacity retention after 700 cycles can be realized in a multilayer Mo/SnO2/Mo electrode. Furthermore, high capacity retentions are also achieved in pouch‐type Mo/SnO2/Mo||Li half cells and Mo/SnO2/Mo||LiFePO4 full cells. The amorphous SnO2/Mo interfaces, which are induced by redistribution of oxygen between SnO2 and Mo, can precisely adjust the reversible capacity and cycling stability of the multilayers, while the stable capacities are parabolic with the interfacial density. Theoretical calculations and in/ex situ investigation reveal that oxygen redistribution in SnO2/Mo heterointerfaces boosts Li‐ion transport kinetics by inducing a built‐in electric field and improves the reaction reversibility of SnO2. This work provides a new understanding of interface–performance relationship of metal–oxide hybrid electrodes and pivotal guidance for creating high‐performance Li‐ion batteries.
A Wearable Microneedle‐Based Extended Gate Transistor for Real‐Time Detection of Sodium in Interstitial Fluids
Authors: Zheng Youbin , Omar Rawan , Zhang Rongjun , Tang Ning , Khatib Muhammad , Xu Qi , Milyutin Yana , Saliba Walaa , Broza Yoav Y. , Wu Weiwei , Yuan Miaomiao , Haick Hossam
Published: December 2021

Sodium is a prominent prognostic biomarker for assessing health status, such as dysnatremia. As of now, detection and monitoring of sodium levels in the human body is carried out by means of laborious and bulky laboratory equipmentand/or by offline analysis of various body fluids. Herein, an innovative stretchable, skin‐conformal and fast‐response microneedle extended‐gate FET biosensor is reported for real‐time detection of sodium in interstitial fluids for minimally invasive health monitoring along with high sensitivity, low limit of detection, excellent biocompatibility, and on‐body mechanical stability. The integration of the reported device with a wireless‐data transmitter and the Internet‐of‐Things cloud for real‐time monitoring and long‐term analysis is reported and discussed. This platform would eventually help bringing unlimited possibilities for effecient medical care and accurate clinical decision‐making.
In Situ Coupled Electrochemical‐Goniometry as a Tool to Reveal Conformational Changes of Charged Peptides
Authors: Ghafari Amir Mohammad , Domínguez Sergio E. , Järvinen Ville , Gounani Zahra , Schmit Amandine , Sjöqvist Marika , Sahlgren Cecilia , Salo‐Ahen Outi M. H. , Kvarnström Carita , Torsi Luisa , Österbacka Ronald
Published: December 2021

The opportunity to manipulate cell functions by regulating bioactive surfaces is a potentially promising approach for organic bioelectronics. Here, the tuning of the orientation of charged peptides by means of an electrical input observed via optical tensiometry is reported. A stimuli‐responsive self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) with specially designed charged peptides is used as a model system to switch between two separate hydrophilic states. The underwater contact angle (UCA) technique is used to measure changes in the wetting property of a dichloromethane droplet under electrical stimuli. The observed changes in the UCA of the bio‐interface can be understood in terms of a change in the surface energy between the ON and OFF states. Molecular dynamics simulations in an electric field have been performed to verify the hypothesis of the orientational change of the charged peptides upon electrical stimulation. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is performed to clarify the stability of the functionalized electrodes. Finally, the possibility of using such a novel switching system as a tool to characterize bioactive surfaces is discussed.
A Critical Review on Materials and Fabrications of Thermally Stable Separators for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Fenfen , Ke Xinyou , Shen Kang , Zhu Lei , Yuan Chris
Published: December 2021

Li‐ion batteries nowadays are widely used as energy storage systems owing to their high power and energy densities. However, the safety of Li‐ion batteries has increasingly become a grave concern, and how to effectively mitigate or avoid the thermal runaway of Li‐ion batteries, particularly during fast charging/discharging, is a critical issue. It has been pointed out that among various factors governing the safety of Li‐ion batteries, the thermal stability of separators plays an important role. In this review, a critical discussion is reported on recent research and development of thermally stable separators, including surface modified polyolefin separators, novel polymer separators, inorganic structured separators, and functional smart separators, for improving the safety of Li‐ion batteries, summarizing different techniques, processes, and materials being researched and developed for these separators for lithium‐ion batteries. Finally, suggestions are provided on future directions to develop thermally stable separators with respect to the safety of next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Edible Amorphous Structural Color
Authors: Chu Jiao , Chen Yan , Tan Shi‐Ying , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Wenzhe , Liu Xiaohan , Shi Lei , Wang Haifang , Li Wei , Zi Jian
Published: December 2021

Due to the scarcity of blue color in the natural food palette, synthetic blue edible colorants are commonly used in daily life. With growing awareness of environmental hazards and potential side‐effect impacts of synthetic food colorants on customers’ health, synthetic blue edible colorants are no longer a good choice. Here, a strategy of mixing two edible sub‐microspheres, mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub‐microspheres or SiO2 sub‐microspheres and cuttlefish ink particles, is reported to produce mass amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with structural color. The hues can be tuned by controlling the size of mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub‐microspheres, and the saturation is strongly related to the proportion of cuttlefish ink particles. Cytotoxicity assays and evaluation of bioaccessibility in the simulated human digestive system further prove the safety of the blue structural colorants. The blue structural colorants exhibit high color visibility, thermostability, and reliable food safety, which are promising properties for food, drugs, and cosmetics.