bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE LIBERAL CRITIQUES OF DEMOCRACY FROM TOCQUEVILLE TO HERMANN-HOPPE
Authors: Pető Zoltán
Published: February 2021

In my article I would like to analyze a tradition created by Alexis de Tocqueville which Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn called true liberalism. According to this political theory, liberty and equality do not complement each other but are in fact contradictions. In my lecture I would like to analyze how the words “democracy” and “liberty” were evaluated in the texts of the early liberals, how and why they began to be equated with each other. In this article, I will examine three representatives of this tradition in more detail: James Fitzjames Stephen, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, and Hans-Hermann Hoppe.In the modern age – argue the liberal critiques of democracy – the lack of freedom is manifested evidently. Liberty was first eradicated by royal absolutisms and then by successive democratic revolutions. As a result, the vacuum created was replaced by the modern state with Weberian “bureaucratic authority.” Modern state bureaucracy overwhelmed all sorts of public bodies, ordinances, provinces and other liberties for the sake of the abstract concept of “liberty.” On the one hand, this was done in the name of equality proclaimed on the basis of parliamentary popular sovereignty, and on the other hand it was a product of totalitarianism. of the result these processes in the modern world – while liberty is constantly being eulogized and has been raised to the rank of an official ideology – there is actually less freedom than in any previous era.
REFLEXIVITY IN THE STUDY OF WARFARE: IS THERE ADDED VALUE FOR THE DISCIPLINE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?
Authors: Korac Srdjan
Published: February 2021

The article examines whether reflectivist approach to epistemology in the study of warfare can amend some weaknesses of the rationalist/positivist canon of mainstream International Relations (IR) theories. The author argues for the existence of a new epistemic situation for the IR researcher: an ontological transformation of the military profession in post-industrial societies that has created a sacralised civic duty to fight in war. The research of warfare is becoming more focused on the individual – who is either a reluctant combatant or a civilian victimised by military operations, but protected by international norms. The author hypothesises that the advantages of reflectivist epistemological viewpoint – embracing standpoint epistemology, situated knowledge, the concept of embodiment, Cynthia Enloe’s claim that “the international is the personal” – may provide a plausible alternative path in the quest for an answer to the question of how we learn about warfare as the central problem of international relations. The analysis shows how reflectivism encourages researchers to identify new, previously “hidden” or marginalised questions and thus expand the scope of inquiry of mainstream IR. The author concludes that, when it comes to the study of warfare in the early twenty-first century, the largest contribution of reflectivist approach to epistemology of IR is in overcoming the shortcomings of the traditionally rigid mainstream epistemological framework of the discipline, providing the grounds for future counter-hegemonic actions.
THE RELATION BETWEEN POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND RADICAL ENVIRONMENTALISM
Authors: Matkovic Aleksandar
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is examination of general relationship between political ideology and radical environmental activism, with a special focus on considering the extent of influence and the exact position of the politics in the domain of mentioned eco-activism. Within the first four parts, the general characteristics of radical environmentalism, as well as its relationship with the political left-wing, political right-wing and apolitical/anti-political beliefs are analyzed, while the final part is devoted to discussion and general conclusions. Among other things, it was concluded that the basic ideological dimension of radical eco-activism is based on the idea of biocentrism, as the original environmental and nonpolitical category, while political ideological elements represent secondary and facultative components that can influence the specification of the ideology of a part of eco-activists. At the same time, it was pointed out that the proper perception of such (i.e. secondary) position of political beliefs within the radical eco-activism creates a precondition for understanding heterogeneity and frequent contradictions in the political beliefs of radical eco-activists.
New energetic materials derived from common explosives. Review
Authors: Szala Mateusz , Sałaciński Tomasz
Published: February 2021

The review discusses the products of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene reactions which have explosive properties or are potentially high-energy compounds. The following compounds are discussed: trinitrobenzene, cyanotrinitrobenzene, trinitroxylene, aminotrinitrotoluenes, trinitronitromethylbenzene, methylene bis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene), hexanitrostilbene, nitromethyldiphenylamines, 4,4’,6,6’-tetranitro-2,2’-azoxytoluene and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzylideneamine derivatives. The synthesis pathways are provided for all compounds and the detonation parameters are presented for selected compounds.
Synthesis of HTPB using a semi-batch method
Authors: Chmielarek Michał , Skupiński Wincenty , Wieczorek Zdzisław
Published: February 2021

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene is widely used in industry for both civil and military applications. In munitions, HTPB is mostly used as a binder for heterogenic rocket propellants and as a component of plastic bonded explosives, as well as a phlegmatizer in explosives sensitive to friction and impact. The wide range of HTPB applications results from the good mechanical properties of HTPB-based polyurethanes, in particular at temperatures down to –40 °C. A synthesis method for HTPB, different from the commonly used semi-batch and continuous methods, is presented. The effect of parameters including reaction temperature, 1,3-butadiene pressure and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the properties of the obtained polymer is determined. The synthesis conditions enabling new HTPB species to be obtained, which meet the requirements for binders used in solid rocket propellants, are specified.
DEVELOPMENT MONOPOLY MEDIA TO INCREASE STUDENT'S MOTIVATION STUDY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL
Authors: Rohmah Ichmi Yani Arinda
Published: February 2021

Research and development of Monopoly media is carried out using Borg and Gall product development procedures. The development of Monopoly learning media is carried out with the aim of increasing student learning motivation on social sciences material in the second semester of class VII at SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Surabaya. Media development is carried out through two validity tests, the results of the feasibility test show different values. The final results show that the developed learning media get 80% good and 90% very good, so in this case the Monopoly learning media in Social Sciences studies is suitable for student learning. Based on observations made by researchers shows after the application of Monopoly learning media, students have better motivation and focus than before applying Monopoly media.
OPTIMALISASI LATIHAN RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA LANSIA
Authors: Yuliadarwati Nungki Marlian , Hikmah Nur , Ma'rufa Siti Ainun
Published: February 2021

Kesehatan pada lanjut usia didasari oleh aspek fisik, sosial, ekonomi dan psikologis yang menyebabkan mudah tersinggung, kemunduran fisik terutama kesehatan seperti musculoskeletal, kardiovaskular, perasaan tidak berguna yang mentebabkan terjadinya kecemasan yang dapat diselesaiakan dengan metode relaksasi otot progresif. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode relaksasi otot progresif terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada lanjut usia. Penelitian pre-eksperimen dengan model pendekatan pre-test post-test one group design dengan alat pengukuran tingkat stres Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Hasil analisis uji Paired t-test diperoleh hasil signifikansi 0,000 (p< 0,05) maka dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Terdapat pengaruh latihan relaksasi progresif terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada lanjut usia.
Hubungan Lamanya Mengidap Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terhadap Risiko Jatuh Pada Lansia Di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang
Authors: Roudhatul Ilmi Gusti Yeni , Utami Kurnia Putri , Rahmawati Nurul Aini
Published: February 2021

Diabetes melitus yaitu salah satu kelompok dari metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia karena adanya gangguan pada sekresi insulin atau kinerja produksi insulin. Hiperglikemia yang berkelanjutan pada pengidap diabetes melitus akan menyebabkan kerusakan dan disfungsi pada organ lain khususnya pembuluh darah, system musculoskeletal, indera pengelihatan, jantung yang dapat mempengaruhi risiko jatuh pada pengidap diabetes tersebut. Penelitin ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Dengan menggunakan teknik quota sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 46 orang. Untuk mengukur risiko jatuh dilkukan pengukuran keseimbangan menggunakan Berg Balance Scale. Data status diabetes diperkuat dengan data sekunder dan rekam medis responden di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Dari 46 orang sampel terdapat 19  responden (41,3%) berisiko jatuh tinggi, 22 responden (47,8%)  berisiko jatuh sedang, 5 responden (10,9%) berisiko jatuh rendah. Setelah dilakukan uji korelasi menggunakan spearman’s correlation didapatkan hasil nilai p= 0,000 yang menunjukan adanya hubungn lamanya mengidap diabetes melitus dengn risiko jatuh dengan nilai r= 0,864 yang menunjukkaan adanya hubungan sangat kuat antar variabel. Ada hubungan antara lamanya mengidap diabetes melitus tipe 2 tehadap risiko jatuh.
HAND 3D SCANNING POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Michalíková Monika , Bednarčíková Lucia , Štefanovič Branko , Danko Mária , Trebuňová Marianna , Živčák Jozef
Published: February 2021

3D scanning as an innovative method of obtaining specific substrates for the design of prosthetic-orthotic devices is now becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of this technology over the classic way of taking the dimensional and shape characteristics of parts of the human body are its non-invasiveness, speed, archiving and, more recently, the possibility of using a low-cost 3D scanner, thus reducing economic demands and making the technology available to most orthopaedic technicians. The article offers a comprehensive overview of the correct positioning of the hand and fingers for selected types of gripping as well as possible complications in their scanning, for the achievement of correct digital models applicable to the design of personalized orthotic devices.
DCT AND MLP IN THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE DEFECT DETECTION
Authors: Ehteram Saeedreza
Published: February 2021

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is known as a harmless technique for industrial pipeline cyclic inspection. This way tries to find out defected parts of a device used in industry with a test by means of non itself destroying. Many ways are known and employed in NDT procedure. MFL or magnetic Flux Leakage is one of well-known and so efficient ones is widely used to find out defects in metal surface. Emission of magnetic field into device surface and recording reflected emission lead to complete a database of defect and no defect for an especial task. Then mathematical equations could help to provide normalization and classification ahead. Defect and non-defect detection are an essential and cost loss technique for analyse data from cyclic inspections. For this purpose a combination of neural networks is designed and trained in the best performance and with optimum accuracy rate. In this model Classification is done via Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP). Two level of classification is applied. First defect categorization and then defect or non-defect detection. In this paper a mathematical function named DCT or Discrete Cosine Transform is applied in pure database for data compression. This function provides a view on database in real component of frequency domain. By composing DCT function with a neural network group, this algorithm provides 97.3 percent accuracy rate in defect detection of MFL signals.
How has the minimum support price policy of India affected cross-commodity price linkages?
Authors: Morales Luis Emilio , Balié Jean , Magrini Emiliano
Published: February 2021

For several decades, the government of India has implemented a minimum support price (MSP) policy for agricultural commodities to reduce price risk levels for farmers. Concerns have been raised about whether this policy could affect market integration of related agricultural products, modify price incentives, and ultimately alter resource allocation and production between commodities. This study uses a panel vector auto-regression model across six states for the period 2002-2017 to analyse the effects of the MSP on the transmission of price shocks between cereals and oilseeds. The results demonstrate that the MSP partially and completely offsets price linkages between agricultural commodities, potentially introducing distortions in price incentives that affect land allocation and production between commodities. Beyond the effects of the MSP across commodities, Indian authorities can expect that price shocks on maize be transmitted to soybean over the next production period. Finally, this study demonstrates that the use of alternative data frequencies can identify differences in market reactions over time that can be related to production cycles and delays in price transmission.
Keeping the farm business in the family: the case of farm and non-farm family businesses in the midwestern United States
Authors: Edobor Edeoba W. , Wiatt Renee D. , Marshall Maria I.
Published: February 2021

Succession planning is a very crucial aspect of family business continuity. The successful transition of family businesses is especially important for small and medium scale family businesses which constitute the beginning phase of most businesses. This paper explores two critical aspects of succession planning, namely the decision to keep business ownership within the family and the transfer-readiness of family businesses. This study assessed potential correlates of these two constructs using data from small and medium scale farm and non-farm businesses in Midwest US. Results from a probit estimator showed that farm businesses were more likely to be kept within the family (P<0.01). For the full sample, the number of generations involved in daily management, the readiness of the senior management to delegate control, and the owner experience were found to be good correlates of the decision to keep the business within the family. For farms, we also found some correlation between the perception of the business as being successful and the decision to keep the business in the family (P<0.1). Results from the probit and bivariate probit models showed that capital and the number of generations in management are the most consistent correlates of transfer-readiness for the full and farm samples. Finally, we found that female owners of farm businesses were less likely to be ready for business transfers than their male counterparts (P<0.01).
Price variation and transmission in beans consuming market of Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Omosehin Olanrewaju , Ekundayo Babatunde , Aturamu Oluyede , Olutumise Adewale
Published: February 2021

Nigeria's bean market is still characterized by inefficient and weak integration due to inadequate price information and market infrastructure. Therefore, the study investigates the price variation and transmission of beans markets in Nigeria's Southwest region. The study employed an average monthly price of white and brown beans in rural and urban markets spanning March 2014 to July 2019. Coefficient of variation (CV), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Johansen co-integration test and Granger-Causality tests were the analytical tools used for the analysis. The results of CV indicated a spike variation of beans prices over the periods. Urban brown beans experienced the lowest variability of 1.56% in 2015, while rural brown beans experienced the highest variability of 30.03% in 2014. The co-integration test established a long-run dynamic between bean products of different varieties in the same market. However, it failed in the same products in different markets using a bivariate co-integration test. The multivariate co-integration test’s results affirmed that bean markets are strongly linked together in the long-run. The results of Granger-causality showed uni-directional and bi-directional causalities in the beans markets. Rural white beans assumed the lead position and formed the major price transmission in the beans’ markets in the area. Therefore, for more efficiency in the beans’ rural and urban markets, the government should design appropriate market strategies such as accessible market information and infrastructures.
Dynamics of chitosan based NPK-nanofertilizers in greenhouse cucumber production system
Authors:   Department of Vegetable Science, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, India, Modi S. , Kumar S. ,   Department of Vegetable Science, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, India, Dubey P.K. ,   Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: To study the effect of NPK-nonofertilizers on growth, reproductive and yield parameters as well as nutrient recovery efficiency in greenhouse cucumber. Methodology: The performance of greenhouse cucumber cultivar KPCH-1 was studied using six treatments namely 100% RDF(90:75:75 kg ha-1) through water soluble fertilizer (WSF), 60% RDF as nanofertilizer, 50% RDF as nanofertilizer, 40% RDF as nanofertilizer, 30% RDF as nanofertilizer and absolute control. Growth, reproductive and yield parameters of greenhouse cucumber as well as nutrient use efficiency were assessed during cropping period. Results: The plants administered with 60% RDF through nano-fertilizer showed12.07%, 11.85% and 15.72% higher increase in leaf area at 30 and 60 DAS as well as at final harvest, respectively, over 100% RDF through WSF. The greenhouse cucumber fertigated with 40% RDF as nanofertilizer recorded maximum number of pickings and number of fruits per vine accounting for maximum increase in marketable yield compared to WSF. The cucumber plants administered with 40% RDF as nano-fertilizers also recorded maximum apparent N, P and K recovery efficiency. Interpretation: Nano-fertilizers have ability of controlled release of desired nutrients at their site of action. Despite of lower concentration, higher yield obtained at 40% nano-NPK fertilizer was associated with high nutrient recovery by nanofertilizers. Key words: Chitosan, Greenhouse cucumber, Nano-fertilizers, Horticultural traits
Partial purification and characterization of fatty acid esterase from pearl millet
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004, India, Bajaj S. , Chugh L.K. ,   Pearl Millet Quality Lab, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004, India, Goyal P. ,   Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004, India, Kumar A. ,   Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to identify a negative modulator of lipolytic enzyme fatty acid esterase (FAE) for exploring possibilities of increasing shelf life of pearl millet flour through arresting in-situ hydrolysis of lipids. Methodology: FAE was partially purified from flour of pearl millet hybrid HHB 234 by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation (30-60% saturation) and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-75. The enzyme was characterized for physico-chemical properties viz., molecular mass, optimum pH, optimum temperature and thermal stability and kinetic properties viz., Km value and effect of modulators. Results: Crude extract contained 1008 units of activity and 421 mg proteins resulting in to specific activity of 2.4 units mg-1 protein. The enzyme was purified 10.7 fold with a recovery of 21.52% and specific activity of 25.7 units mg-1 protein by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by gel filtration. The molecular weight of purified enzyme preparation was 60 kDa, as determined by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 8.2 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable up to 60°C for 20 min and showed Km value of 0.65 µM for p-NPB. At 10 mM concentration, Mg2+ and Zn2+ altered the activity positively by 54% and negatively by 42% whereas EDTA, DTT, PMSF, ascorbic acid inhibited the activity by 75, 68, 50 and 48%, respectively. Interpretation: Partially purified lipolytic enzyme FAE from pearl millet flour was strongly inhibited by ascorbic acid. This novel information might be useful in developing processing technologies for improving shelf life of flour. Key words: Characterization, Fatty acid esterase, Pearl millet, Purification, Shelf life
Earthworm population dynamics in traditional slash and burn cultivation in Mizoram, Northeast India
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl-796 001, India, Lalthanzara H. , Zodinpuii Betsy ,   Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl-796 001, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: This paper describes the influence of traditional slash and burn (shifting) cultivation on earthworm population structure and species diversity. Methodology: The study was conducted in a tropical hilly terrain natural forest in northeast India. The first year was taken as pre–cultivation phase. During second-year traditional slash and burn cultivation was carried out with rice (Oryza sativa) as the main crop, where local weeding practice using had hoe was done thrice. The land was left fallow in the third year. Earthworms were sampled from five random quadrats at monthly interval by digging and hand sorting method. Results: Nine species of earthworms belonging to three families were identified, out of which three epigeic species (P. excavatus, P. macintoshi and A. alexandri) were not recorded during the cultivation phase. There was a significant (p<.05) reduction in earthworm density during the cultivation phase. M. houletti was the most dominant species in terms of density, while D. nepalensis was the most versatile in seasonal distribution. Shannon Index of diversity was lowest in the cultivation phase (H ̅=0.84, 1-D=0.46) as compared to pre-cultivation (H ̅=1.67, 1-D=0.76) and post-cultivation (H ̅=1.67, 1-D=0.77). Interpretation: The reason for negative effect of traditional slash and burn cultivation on earthworm population density and diversity could be due to multiple weeding practices resulting in the disturbance of surface soil that directly or indirectly affects earthworms. Key words: Earthworms, Epigeic species, Mizoram, Slash and burn cultivation, Soil, Weeding
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Paenibacillus sp. in-vitro and their antibacterial, anticancer activity assessment against human colon tumour cell line
Authors:   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Sreenivasa N. , Meghashyama B.P. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Pallavi S.S. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Bidhayak C. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Dattatraya A. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Muthuraj R. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Shashiraj K.N. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Halaswamy H. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Dhanyakumara S.B. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India, Vaishnavi M.D. ,   P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from aqueous extract of Paenibacillus sp. strain NS-36. Methodology: The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis. spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Antibacterial activity was assessed against pathogenic bacteria by using agar well diffusion method and the anticancer activity was evaluated against Human Colon Tumour-116 cell line using 96 well plate cell proliferation assay. Results: The synthesized AgNPs showed UV-Vis absorbance peak at 416 nm. The characterization analyses revealed the shape as spherical and size ranging from 17.49 to 52.85 nm and the presence of different functional groups and elements that involved in the stabilization and capping. The antibacterial activity revealed that AgNPs have good inhibitory action on pathogens, whereas the results of anticancerous assessment indicated that AgNPs have a dose-dependent activity on the Human Colon Tumour-116 cancer cells and the IC50 value was found to be 81.45 μg ml-1. Interpretation: The AgNPs exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens by rupturing and damaging the cell membrane. The AgNPs release silver ions into the cell once they attached to the cell membrane and disrupt the bacterial DNA replication. The AgNPs are toxic to tumour cells and induce intracellular reactive oxygen species which damage cells. Along with ROS, the rounding and shrinkage of tumour cells caused by AgNPs reduced the % viability of cancer cells. Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Cytotoxicity, Paenibacillus sp, Silver nanoparticles, Tumour cells
A sustainable castor oil-based agro formulation with cartap hydrochloride for potential control of pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae in Oryza sativa L.
Authors:   School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, India, Ramadass M. , Thiagarajan P. ,   School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: The aim of the present study was to synthesize a castor oil-based matrix (COBM) for preparing a castor oil-based agro-formulation with cartap hydrochloride for controlling Xanthomonas oryzae, a rice pathogen. Methodology: Physio-chemical analysis of castor oil and constituents of fatty acid methyl esters were carried out by standard methods. Castor oil base matrix, with standardised ratio of oil: alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier (Simulgreen), was first synthesised, then ultrasonicated for size reduction and further tested for its stability. It was also characterised by thermal analysis and by optical microscopy. This base matrix and cartap hydrochloride were used to prepare an agro formulation. The activity of this agro formulation, against Xanthomonas oryzae (GenBank Accession number-VITXO MK547277.1), previously isolated from an agricultural paddy field in Vellore district (12.9165ºN, 79.1325ºE), was studied by well diffusion method using standard protocols. Results: Physio-chemical analysis revealed favourable characteristics for castor oil. Thermal analysis and optical polarised microscopic studies showed the presence of liquid crystals in the formulated base matrix. Its agro-formulation with cartap hydrochloride showed 22 mm zone of inhibition against the isolated Xanthomonas oryzae. However, aqueous solution of cartap hydrochloride showed a 13 mm zone of inhibition only, when tested at a similar concentration (2000 ppm), by well diffusion studies. Interpretation: The liquid crystal containing base matrix facilitated slow and sustained release of cartap hydrochloride from the castor oil-based agro-formulation to achieve good activity against Xanthomonas oryzae. Key words: Agro formulation, Cartap hydrochloride, Castor oil, Oryza sativa, Simulgreen, Xanthomonas oryzae
Assessment of genetic diversity among Egyptian and Saudi chicken ecotypes and local Egyptian chicken breeds using microsatellite markers
Authors:   Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Sabry A. , Ramadan S. ,   Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt, Hassan M.M. ,   Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, 51132, Egypt, Mohamed A.A. ,   Department of Animal Reproduction and AI,National Research Center, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Mohammedein A. ,   Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif-21944, Saudi Arabia, Inoue-Murayama M. ,   Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan
Published: February 2021

Aim: To assess genetic diversity of two chicken ecotypes from Egypt and Saudi Arabia and compare these ecotypes to six local Egyptian and two exotic pure chicken breeds using 14 microsatellite markers. Methodology: Dataset consisted of two subsets. First subset represented two ecotypes from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Second dataset consisted birds six Egyptian native chicken strains: Fayoumi (FAY), Dandarawy (DAN), Baladi (BAL), Sinai (Sini), El-Salam (Els) and Golden Montazah (GG), and two commercial strains: White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR). fourteen microsatellites markers were utilized to assess DNA polymorphism. Data analyses of the results were carried out using R statistical environment. Results: The obtained results indicated that number of alleles per locus averaged 11.4 ± 5.0. Polymorphic information content was informative (> 50%) for the local breeds, but not for two ecotypes. The observed and expected heterozygosity averaged 0.46 and 0.75, both ecotypes had the lowest estimates. All breeds showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectation. The average population differentiation index (FST) was 0.143, overall heterozygosity deficiency (FIT) was 0.156, and global inbreeding of individuals within breeds (FIS) was 0.319. Interpretation: This study revealed that both Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes have an endangered status. Lower genetic distances and lower FST values were reported for the Egyptian indigenous breeds. Phylogenetic and principle components showed that both ecotypes were genetically closer to each other when compared with other breeds. It also showed that the Dandarawy native Egyptian chicken breed was genetically the closest breed to both the Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes. Key words: Chicken, Ecotypes, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Phylogenetics
Quantitative resistance differences between and within natural populations of Solanum chilense against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Kahlon Parvinderdeep , Verin Melissa , Hückelhoven Ralph , Stam Remco
Published: February 2021

The wild tomato species Solanum chilense is divided in geographically
and genetically distinct populations that show signs of defense gene
selection and differential phenotypes when challenged with several
phytopathogens, including the oomycete causal agent of late blight
Phytophthora infestans. To better understand the phenotypic diversity of
this disease resistance in S. chilense and to assess the effect of plant
genotype vs. pathogen isolate, respectively, we evaluated infection
frequency in a systematic approach and with large sample sizes. We
studied 85 genetically distinct individuals representing nine
geographically separated populations of S. chilense. This showed that
differences in quantitative resistance properties can be observed
between but also within populations at the level of individual plants.
Data also did not reveal clear indications for complete immunity in any
of the genotypes. We further evaluated the resistance of a subset of the
plants against P. infestans isolates with diverse virulence properties.
This confirmed that the relative differences in resistance phenotypes
between individuals were mainly determined by the plant genotype under
consideration with modest effects of pathogen isolate used in the study.
Thus, our report suggest that quantitative resistance against P.
infestans in natural populations of a wild tomato species S. chilense is
likely not the result of specific adaptations of hosts to the pathogen
but of basal defence responses that depend on the host genotype and are
pathogen isolate-unspecific.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for mortality in peruvian adults with chronic kidney disease.
Authors: Umeres-Francia1 Gianfranco , Rojas-Fernández María , Añazco Percy Herrera , Benites-Zapata Vicente
Published: February 2021

Objective: To assess the association between NLR and PLR with all-cause
mortality in Peruvian patients with CKD Methods: We conducted a
retrospective cohort study in adults with CKD in stages 1 to 5. The
outcome variable was mortality and as variables of exposure to NLR and
PLR. Both ratios were categorized as high with a cut-off point of 3.5
and 232.5; respectively. We carried out a Cox regression model and
calculated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with their 95%
confidence interval (95%CI). Results: We analyzed 343 participants with
a median follow-up time of 2.45 years (2.08-3.08). The frequency of
deaths was 17.5% (n=60). In the crude analysis, the high NLR and PLR
were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR=2.01; 95%
CI:1.11-3.66) and (HR=2.58; 95% CI:1.31-5.20). In the multivariate
model, after adjusting for age, sex, serum creatinine, CKD stage,
albumin and hemoglobin, the high NLR and PLR remained as an independent
risk factor for all-cause mortality, (HR=2.10; 95% CI:1.11-3.95) and
(HR=2.71; 95% CI:1.28-5.72). Conclusion: Our study suggests the
relationship between high NLR and PLR with all-cause mortality in
patients with CKD.
Scale-depend effectiveness of on-field vs. off-field agri-environmental measures for biodiversity
Authors: Batáry Péter , Tscharntke Teja
Published: February 2021

Measuring the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes depends on
scheme type, taxon and landscape. Here we show how spatial scale, i.e.
studied transect, field or farm level, and controlling for yield loss,
can drastically change the evaluation of biodiversity benefits of
on-field (organic farming) vs. off-field (flower strips) schemes.
Transects may lead to misleading evaluations, because flower strips,
covering only 5% of conventional fields, support less bees than large
organic fields; but if their 20% yield loss is considered to compare
identical yield levels, 80 ha conventional plus 20 ha flower strip
farming promotes more bees than 100 ha organic farming.
Dynamics of the mean transmitral pressure gradient and its impact on clinical outcomes after MitraClip
Authors: Öztürk Can , Sprenger Kim , Tabata Noriaki , Sugiura Atsushi , Weber Marcel , Nickenig Georg , Schueler Robert
Published: February 2021

Background: The impact of the increased mitral gradient (MG) on outcomes
is ambiguous. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate a) periinterventional
dynamics of MG, b) the impact of intraprocedural MG on clinical
outcomes, and c) predictors for unfavourable MG values after MitraClip.
Methods: We prospectively included patients undergoing MitraClip. All
patients underwent echocardiography at baseline, intraprocedurally, at
discharge, and after six months. 12-month survival was reassessed.
Results: 175 patients (age 81.2±8.2 years, 61.2% male) with severe
mitral regurgitation (MR) were included. We divided our cohort into two
groups with a threshold of intraprocedural MG of 4.5 mmHg, which was
determined by the multivariate analysis for the prediction of 12-month
mortality (<4.5 mmHg: Group 1, 4.5 mmHg: Group 2).
Intraprocedural MG 4.5 mmHg was found to be the strongest independent
predictor for 12-month mortality (HR: 2.33, p=0.03, OR: 1.70, p=0.05)
and ≥3.9 mmHg was associated with adverse functional outcomes (OR: 1.96,
p=0.04). The baseline leaflet-to-annulus index (>1.1) was
found to be the strongest independent predictor (OR: 9.74, p=0.001) for
unfavourable intraprocedural MG, followed by the number of implanted
clips (p=0.01), MG at baseline (p=0.02) and central clip implantation
(p=0.05). Conclusion: MG shows time-varying and condition-depended
dynamics periinterventionally. Patients with persistent increased (≥4.5
mmHg) MG at discharge showed the worst functional outcomes and the
highest 12-month mortality, followed by patients with an intra-hospital
decrease in MG to values below 4.5 mmHg. Pre-interventional
echocardiographic and procedural parameters can predict unfavourable
postprocedural MG.
Interactive Supercomputing with Jupyter
Authors: Thomas Rollin , Cholia Shreyas
Published: February 2021

Rich user interfaces like Jupyter have the potential to make interacting
with a supercomputer easier and more productive, consequently attracting
new kinds of users and helping to expand the application of
supercomputing to new science domains. For the scientist-user, the ideal
rich user interface delivers a familiar, responsive, introspective,
modular, and customizable platform upon which to build, run, capture,
document, re-run, and share analysis workflows. From the provider or
system administrator perspective, such a platform would also be easy to
configure, deploy securely, update, customize, and support. Jupyter
checks most if not all of these boxes. But from the perspective of
leadership computing organizations that provide supercomputing power to
users, such a platform should also make the unique features of a
supercomputer center more accessible to users and more composable with
high performance computing (HPC)
workflows. Project Jupyter’s core
design philosophy of extensibility, abstraction, and agnostic
deployment, has allowed HPC centers like NERSC to bring in advanced
supercomputing capabilities that can extend the interactive notebook
environment. This has enabled a rich scientific discovery platform,
particularly for experimental facility data analysis and machine
learning problems.
Analysis of Environmental Pollutants as Diabetogenic Agent in the Patient Suffering from Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Riaz Samreen
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus can be defined as a metabolic disorder which leads to high level of glucose in blood and lead to the diabetic patients to develop various severe and fatal health problems.. If the concentration of glucose in blood will high then it affects various body organs including eyes, nerves, foot, kidneys and heart and ultimately leads to serious complications. In this, the pancreas is not able to produce enough insulin. As a result, body becomes unable to consume nutrients appropriately.Diabetes mellitus was primarily described by Egyptians. The word “Diabetes” which means “to pass through” was 1st time used by a Greek physician Araetus of Cappodocia.According to Araetus, diabetes is associated with polyuria. While the word “Mellitus” is a Latin word which means “Sweet or Honey”. Major signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus includes Frequent urination, Excessive thirst, Excessive hunger, Sudden loss in weight, Vision problems, Slow healing of wounds, injuries and Sweating etc. Major complications of diabetes are Nephropathy Neuropathy Retinopathy Cardiovascular Disorders Amputation.There are many reasons of diabetes such as genetic factor, age, poor life style but environmental pollutants also have their role in diabetes. There are many environmental pollutant such as lead, zinc, mercury oxide, nitrate,sulphate, cadmium and Arsenic etc. The presence of arsenic (As) in drinking water has become a major public health concern around the world specially in Pakistan.Arsenic inhibits differentiation of adipocyte and mediates insulin resistance with diminutive information on arsenicosis on lipid storage and lipolysis.So the main target of research is to determine the effect of Arsenic and their control in order to decrease the number of diabetic patients.
A RANKING OF COUNTRIES CONCERNING PROGRESS TOWARDS A SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Guevara Arnoldo José De Hoyos , Terra Daniela Mary , Portes Jerônimo Henrique , Silva José Luiz Alves da , Magalhães Kallita Ester
Published: February 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has arrived, and we are trying to adapt to the innovations. It is changing the way we interact in society, how we consume, live and work. But this agile process already presents a new stage that takes place in conjunction with the new digital age, involving people, technology, sustainability, risks and opportunities: it is the 5.0 Society. This article seeks to understand the impact of ongoing changes and the needs around sustainability, analyzing key indicators that include both movements. With this, we hope to obtain data on the possibility of building the new Sustainable Technology Society, besides investigating the next steps to make this happen in Latin America. In this study, 35 variables were analyzed a sample of 57 countries, including management, business, sustainability, technology, education and Society 5.0 dimensions, among others. We present an analysis of the relationship between the variables and the creation of a synthetic indicator, called S5I (Society 5.0 Index), which allows us to show the position of each country in this ranking. This is the discussion we present here.
Ação Declaratória de Inconstitucionalidade nº 5.537: análise do direito à educação em face dos vícios materiais da lei 7.800/2016, que instituiu o Programa Escola Livre.
Authors: Sousa e Silva Tassyla Queiroga
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo expõe as inconstitucionalidades materiais da lei 7.800, de 05 de maio de 2016, que versa sobre o projeto Escola Livre, a ser aplicado no ensino público do Estado de Alagoas. O texto legal visa limitar o direito às liberdades acadêmicas dos professores, na busca por uma educação supostamente neutra, longe de influências políticas, religiosas ou ideológicas. A lei foi julgada inconstitucional pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, através de medida cautelar, no dia 21 de março de 2017. Com objetivo de esclarecer as incoerências por trás do texto, bem como a influência da decisão do Supremo em outros projetos ao redor do país, ressalta-se a defesa do artigo 206 da Constituição Federal, notadamente as liberdades de aprender e de ensinar, o pluralismo de ideias e de concepções pedagógicas, e a gestão democrática.
ASPECTOS HISTÓRIOS DA EUGENIA NA EVOLUÇÃO DA GENÉTICA: REFLEXOS EUGÊNICOS NA MANIPULAÇÃO DE SERES HUMANOS
Authors: Resqueti Laís Berti
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo pretende examinar a evolução eugênica no contexto da genética e sua aplicação em seres humanos. O objetivo é demonstrar que, por diversas vezes na história da humanidade, episódios eugênicos foram empregados como métodos de seleção e melhoramento das características genética do indivíduo e que, embora repudiado, atualmente estão sendo empregados na manipulação genética humana, propiciando a movimentação econômica do “mercado genético” ao adquirente, fator de risco social que necessita de intervenção jurídica, respaldada na dignidade da pessoa humana. Um olhar mais crítico sobre a realidade social, direito e sociedade se apresenta como ponto de partida para não submissão da espécie a uma eugenia generalizada.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: NECESSIDADE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA TRATAMENTO DE IDOSOS COM ALZHEIMER
Authors: ARAUJO PATRICIA DINO
Published: February 2021

O envelhecimento populacional é uma questão mundial. Embora decorrente da queda do número de mortalidade e melhores condições de vida, está acompanhado de problemas específicos dessa parcela da população (como o aumento do número de portadores do Alzheimer) e que necessita de respostas pontuais dos governos. No Brasil não é diferente, tratando-se de um país em desenvolvimento o fenômeno da alteração demográfica provocada pelo crescimento do número de idosos, infelizmente não ocorreu posterior ao crescimento econômico, a consolidação de valores democráticos, nem tão pouco a construção de uma sociedade igualitária, como nos países desenvolvidos. Aqui essa alteração demográfica, ao contrário, evidenciou problemas já existentes e exigiu respostas que a princípio foram atendidas apenas por leis. Falta pesquisa, conhecimento e educação à própria sociedade para acolhimento aos idosos. Neste trabalho buscou-se através do método indutivo, investigar teorias sobre o envelhecimento, causas e consequências. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e de dados estatísticos em secretarias e órgãos do governo, além de identificar direitos e programas atribuídos aos idosos e desenvolvidos pela articulação política entre ministérios. Conclui-se que as respostas afirmativas a questão são mínimas e insuficientes, pois além da alta demanda, este não é um fenômeno passageiro, mas que requer políticas públicas exclusivas sustentadas ao longo do tempo e articuladas pelos governos federal, estaduais e municipais.
DESCOBERTAS NEUROCIENTÍFICAS: CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE LESÕES CEREBRAIS E COMETIMENTO DE CRIMES E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO E NO PROCESSO PENAL
Authors: Guedes Neta Maria de Lourdes , Marcochi Marcelo Amaral Colpaert , Ribeiro Amanda Santalucia
Published: February 2021

RESUMO: O presente estudo se propõe a analisar a trajetória histórica da saúde mental no Brasil, bem como a relevância e o impacto dos estudos de neurociências para matérias humanísticas de direito e sua consequente aplicação ao processo penal. Como as neurociências está em constante evolução, seja através de novas tecnologias capazes de mapear o cérebro com maior qualidade, seja através de novos estudos, o direito caminha no mesmo sentido. Diante das inúmeras descobertas recentes sobre o cérebro humano, questões complexas surgem para a tentativa de solucionar alguns dos principais problemas humanos, tal como a prática de crimes. Assim, o presente artigo se propõe a demonstrar como ocorre o processo penal em relação ao doente mental. Além disso, se propõe a discorrer sobre o cometimento de crimes por pessoas que obtiveram algum tipo de lesão cerebral, sendo que anteriormente à lesão, tinham condutas condizentes com o que se é esperado socialmente. Sendo assim, este estudo não intenta responder todas as temáticas acerca da aplicação do conhecimento neurocientífico no sistema prisional e julgador, isto porque seria impossível. O objetivo aqui é trazer a reflexão sobre a  evolução humana, que é matéria prima da jurisdição, e ultrapassar os limites do conhecimento teórico, para que, ao observar a grande quantidade de pessoas encarceradas, possa haver a reflexão sobre o estado mental dessas pessoas e explicitar que  as neurociências já estão prontas para contribuir nesse contexto, para que assim seja possível um melhor senso de justiça no país.