bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulent indigenous objects: Controversies around cultural appropriation and recognition of difference
Authors: Kramvig Britt , Flemmen Anne Britt
Published: July 2018

This article addresses an ongoing controversy in Noway around designing and naming Sámi (indigenous) objects. The authors argue that controversies in many academic debates have been framed in essentializing ways that stress identity politics and believe this framing to be analytically and politically unfruitful. There are ways of thinking about or narrating tensions that are not essentialist and that do not close down productive ways of recognizing difference. They are concerned with the tension raised in the Scandinavian/Sámi public on respectful use, and ownership, of Sámi traditional costumes and traditional objects. The contested Sámi objects come with different stories and the aim of this research is to answer the following questions: What stories are told in moments of tension and conflict regarding the use of traditional objects? How are differences articulated? Can recognition be enacted in these encounters and political controversies? The authors take two specific debates as starting points for exploring how the objects are enacted.
The UN Secretary-General, role expansion and narratives of representation in the 2016 campaign
Authors: Haack Kirsten
Published: July 2018

The contribution of bureaucratic actors, such as those of the United Nations Secretary-General, has been a focus in the study of individuals’ contribution to international relations and the study of United Nations reform. In this context, role expansion has been a central concern. In January 2017, a new Secretary-General took office on the 38th floor of the United Nations, following a successful campaign to reform the selection process by increasing its transparency. Despite different campaign foci, campaign groups framed their claims for reform in the context of ‘representation’, which shaped expectations and understanding of the role and its authority. Expectations play a key role in role expansion beyond personality, leeway or institutional demand. This article discusses the representation of states, gender and the people as referents for the Secretary-General’s role, which corresponds to campaign claims regarding regional rotation, a woman Secretary-General and greater independence for the Secretary-General.
Asad and Benjamin: Chronopolitics of tragedy in the anthropology of secularism
Authors: Iqbal Basit Kareem
Published: July 2018

Divergent theories of tragedy in the anthropology of secularism have been articulated with reference to the work of Talal Asad, yet he himself disavows a tragic sensibility. In seeking to understand this disjuncture, I sketch out political and analytical consequences of invoking tragedy when approaching Muslims in Europe and colonial-era shifts in Islamic law. I then align Asad’s demurral of tragedy with Walter Benjamin’s differentiation between classical tragedy and baroque drama. Benjamin demonstrates how anthropology could register (without affirming) secularism’s promise of disenchantment. Rather than tragedy, whose catharsis remains available for conscription by secular power, Asad’s critical project is animated by a methodological antihistoricism.
Experimental validation of a quasi-two-dimensional radial turbine model
Authors: Galindo José , Arnau Francisco José , García-Cuevas Luis Miguel , Soler Pablo
Published: July 2018

This article presents the experimental validation of a quasi-two-dimensional radial turbine model able to be used in turbocharged reciprocating internal combustion engine simulations. A passenger car variable-geometry turbine has been tested under steady and pulsating flow conditions, instrumented with multiple pressure probes, temperature sensors and mass flow sensors. Using the data obtained, a pressure decomposition has been performed. The pressure at the turbine inlet and outlet has been split into forward and backward travelling waves, employing the reflected and transmitted waves to verify the goodness of the model. The experimental results have been used to compare the quasi-two-dimensional radial turbine model as well as a classic one-dimensional model. The quasi-two-dimensional code presents a good degree of correlation with the experimental results, providing better results than the one-dimensional approach, especially when studying the high-frequency spectrum.
“We don’t do that in Germany!” A critical race theory examination of Turkish heritage young adults’ school experiences
Authors: Moffitt Ursula , Juang Linda P , Syed Moin
Published: July 2018

Turkish heritage students are underrepresented at university-track secondary schools in Germany, yet the institutional discrimination contributing to this ongoing disparity often remains unquestioned, situated within inequitable norms of belonging. Drawing on critical race theory and a risk and resilience framework, the current study investigated the interplay between institutional and interpersonal discrimination in relation to exclusionary norms enacted in university-track schools. Using thematic analysis, interviews with eight Turkish German young adults from multiple regions of Germany were analyzed, highlighting the need for culturally responsive teaching, more teacher reflexivity regarding bias, a greater focus on equity, and more direct discussions of racism and its impact.
Real-time damage monitoring in trailing edge bondlines of wind turbine blades with triboluminescent sensors
Authors: Shohag Md Abu , Ndebele Taniwa , Okoli Okenwa
Published: July 2018

Adhesively bonded joints in wind turbine blades, particularly trailing edge joints, are prone to damage due to high-intensity stress concentrations, missing adhesive, or deficient bonds at the bonding surfaces. If not detected early, cracks or disbonds in the trailing edge might propagate rapidly resulting in catastrophic failure of the whole blade. No dedicated in situ sensor system is, as of now, available for real-time damage monitoring in the critical adhesively bonded joints. This article discusses the use of in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensors for damage monitoring in adhesively bonded composite joints. Double cantilever beam and three-point bend end-notched flexure samples were fabricated from a thick glass fiber/vinyl ester composite and glued with a two-part methacrylate-based structural adhesive. The in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensors were embedded into the adhesive layer. Double cantilever beam and three-point bend end-notched flexure tests were performed to determine the mode I and mode II fracture toughness of the adhesive joints, respectively. The results show that the triboluminescent emissions occur at the onset of damage when performing double cantilever beam and three-point bend end-notched flexure fracture tests on adhesively bonded composite panels of different adhesive thicknesses. The triboluminescent response increases with the fracture toughness of adhesive joints. The double cantilever beam and three-point bend end-notched flexure specimens undergo cohesive failure in the adherend thickness. Optical microscopy was utilized to obtain better insights of fracture lines. Results indicate that in situ triboluminescent optical fiber sensors can monitor damage in adhesive in real-time without generating false alarms.
Communicative space and working locally: A report of a participatory action research project in a remote rural school in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Safayet
Published: July 2018

Teachers’ professional development is a top priority in education of Bangladesh, but the literature reports existing models of teaching are unsatisfactory. This article reports a participatory action research project in a remote rural secondary school in Bangladesh, and discusses how a locally focused process enabled teachers to create a communicative space in which they could explore their understandings of teaching and evolve as a learning community. It argues that improvement in teaching can occur at local level, despite constraints of poverty and lack of resources, when local teachers are enabled to challenge themselves and each other to better meet the needs of students within their community.
How Much Stereoscopic Effect Does Laparoscopy Need? Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial on Surgical Task Efficiency in Standardized Phantom Tasks
Authors: Kunert Wolfgang , Auer Thomas , Storz Pirmin , Braun Manuel , Kirschniak Andreas , Falch Claudius
Published: July 2018

Background. To regain 2-eyed vision in laparoscopy, dual-channeled optics have been introduced. With this optics design, the distance between the 2 front lenses defines how much stereoscopic effect is seen. This study quantifies the impact of an enhanced and a reduced stereo effect on surgical task efficiency. Methods. A prospective single-blinded study was performed with 20 laparoscopic novices in an inanimate experimental setting. A standard bichannelled stereo system was used to perform a suturing and knotting task. The working distance and the task size were scaled to vary the stereo effect and, thereby, simulate hypothetic stereo optics with enhanced and reduced optical bases. The task performances were timed, and the number of trials for stitching out was counted. The participants finally filled out a questionnaire to collect subjective impressions. Results. The increase of the stereo effect by 50% caused no objective improvement in laparoscopic knotting compared with typical 3D (control group with stereo basis of 4.5 mm). But ergonomic disadvantages (headache) were subjectively reported in 1 of 20 cases in the questionnaire. The reduction of the stereo effect by one-third led to a significantly longer average execution time. There was no significant dependence found between stereo effect and number of stich-out trials, stitching precision, or knotting quality. Conclusions. Considering laparoscopy, it does not seem advisable to enhance the stereo effect because of ergonomic problems. Otherwise, a miniaturization of the 3D scope (5 mm version) is problematic because its benefit mostly shrinks with the reduced stereo effect.
Lifestyle Medicine: The Health Promoting Power of Daily Habits and Practices
Authors: Rippe James M.
Published: July 2018

There is no longer any serious doubt that daily habits and actions profoundly affect both short-term and long-term health and quality of life. This concept is supported by literally thousands of research articles and incorporated in multiple evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic metabolic diseases. The study of how habits and actions affect both prevention and treatment of diseases has coalesced around the concept of “lifestyle medicine.” The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of many of the modalities fundamental to lifestyle medicine, including physical activity, proper nutrition, weight management, and cigarette smoking cessation. This review will also focus specifically on how these modalities are employed both in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The review concludes with a Call to Action challenging the medical community to embrace the modalities of lifestyle medicine in the daily practice of medicine.
Study on strength parameters of rock mass with stochastic combination discontinuities and their application in a tunnel in China
Authors: Wei Jihong , Liu Jin , Song Zezhuo , Zhu Yulong , Bai Yuxia
Published: July 2018

The rock mass has special properties, such as inhomogeneity, anisotropy, discontinuity, and nonelastic, due to various internal or external stress in the process of its formation. In this study, similar materials are considered to simulate the rock mass and analyze the failure law using laboratory tri-axial tests based on the similarity principle. The rock mass and discontinuity are constituted in the process of model construction by considering the influence of the orientation, spacing, and number of discontinuity, respectively. Then, the influences of the orientation, spacing, number of discontinuity, and the combination of different discontinuous strength on rupture mechanism of the rock mass are analyzed by considering lots of numerical test schemes using the discontinuous deformation analysis method. Finally, considering water conveyance tunnel in Jurong Pumped Storage Power Station in China as a test case, the tunnel stability under different discontinuities combination is analyzed using discontinuous deformation analysis method. The influence of the optimal tunnel axis and tunnel shape on the stability of surrounding rock is studied by comparative analysis of surrounding rock stability under different tunnel axis and tunnel shapes. The stress concentration in case of the circular tunnel with corner is somehow less than that of the rectangular one.
An electric vehicle model and validation using a Nissan Leaf: A Python-based object-oriented programming approach
Authors: Howroyd Simon , Thring Rob
Published: July 2018

Electric vehicles are becoming more and more prevalent, especially with major manufacturers announcing that they will be focusing on electric or hybrid vehicles in the future. This article describes an object-oriented approach to a vehicle model using Python 3. This approach allows for flexibility of vehicle design. The key parameters were input to define the specific vehicle for validation, in this case a Nissan Leaf. It is anticipated that this flexibility will lead to rapid exploratory design of vehicle variants, such as four-wheel drive, independent wheel drive and multiple electrical sources. The model had its objects individually validated before the whole vehicle was verified against common drive cycles and a real-world drive in the United Kingdom recorded using an On-board Diagnostics (OBD2) Bluetooth dongle.
Voyage optimization for mitigating ship structural failure due to crack propagation
Authors: Wang Helong , Mao Wengang , Zhang Di
Published: July 2018

Fatigue damage in ship structures starts to be accumulated from the first day when a ship is launched, while the average age of current ship fleets in different shipping segments is often older than 15 years. After many years of fatigue accumulation, fatigue cracks are widely existing in today’s ocean-crossing ships. The existence of fatigue cracks brings great challenges to ship safety, structural maintenance, associated operation cost, and so on. In order to reduce the crack propagation and enhance a ship’s structural safety during its service period, various methods could be implemented, such as decreasing cargo loadings, reducing ship speed, or even changing trade regions to be sailed in moderate sea environments. In this article, the so-called voyage optimization is proposed to plan a ship’s sailing courses with a well-designed schedule to minimize the fatigue accumulation in ship structures. Two types of optimization algorithms are used for the voyage planning, namely, the static waypoint/grid–based and dynamic waypoint/grid–based optimization systems. The capabilities of these two optimization systems are demonstrated by a 2800TEU container vessel, which was also instrumented with an old style weather routing system. One entire year of full-scale measurement data are available for the demonstration, and the crack propagation is estimated by a linear fracture mechanics–based spectral method. It is concluded that the benefits of using the proposed voyage optimization to mitigate the risk associated with a structural crack failure by more than 50%.
Obstetric medical care and training in South Africa
Authors: Wium Lizemarie , Vannevel Valerie , Bothma Salome
Published: July 2018

Obstetric medicine as a speciality is yet to be developed in South Africa. South Africa is regarded as a developing country. The burden of HIV and metabolic syndrome creates a need for advanced maternal care. An increase has been noted in hypertension and gestational diabetes due to increasing maternal age and increasing prevalence of obesity. The South African National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths’ 2015 Saving Mothers Report identified non-pregnancy-related infections as the leading cause of maternal deaths. Obstetric medicine care includes pre-conception, antepartum and postpartum care. This article aims to highlight the importance of obstetric medicine, even in a resource-poor setting. The current internal medicine and obstetrics and gynaecology training is discussed and emphasis is placed on the opportunity to create an obstetric medicine programme.
Exploring the Relationships Between Patient Room Layout and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: MacAllister Lorissa , Zimring Craig , Ryherd Erica
Published: July 2018

This retrospective, exploratory study examined 8,366 patient responses to surveys on patient satisfaction and patient room spatial layout in a large academic teaching hospital consisting of 17 nursing units and 382 patient rooms. This study included four spatial measures: average distance to the nurse station, room handedness, location of bed, and location of first encounter—and explored their statistical associations with two types of patient satisfaction surveys (Hospital Consumer Assessment of the Healthcare Provider and Systems and third party). The study had two phases: a preliminary study of 3,751 patient respondents in a limited diagnosis-related group (DRG) over 5 years and a general study of 4,615 patient respondents with a broader range of DRG’s over 2 different years from the preliminary study. Findings indicated statistically significant relationships between all four spatial layout measures and specific survey questions pertaining to perception of nursing, physician, individual care, and overall room environment. Results emphasize the importance of hospital design—and spatial layout in particular—on patient satisfaction.
The Influence of Physical Illumination on Lightness Perception in Simultaneous Contrast Displays
Authors: Zavagno Daniele , Daneyko Olga , Liu Zili
Published: July 2018

Three experiments investigated the role of physical illumination on lightness perception in simultaneous lightness contrast (SLC). Four configurations were employed: the classic textbook version of the illusion and three configurations that produced either enhanced or reduced SLC. Experiment 1 tested the effect of ambient illumination on lightness perception. It simulated very dark environmental conditions that nevertheless still allowed perception of different shades of gray. Experiment 2 tested the effect of the intensity of Gelb lighting on lightness perception. Experiment 3 presented two conditions that integrated illumination conditions from Experiments 1 and 2. Our results demonstrated an illumination effect on both lightness matching and perceived SLC contrast: As the intensity of illumination increased, the target on the black background appeared lighter, while the target on the white background was little affected. We hypothesize the existence of two illumination ranges that affect lightness perception differently: low and normal. In the low range, the SLC contrast was reduced and targets appeared darker. In the normal range, the SLC contrast and lightness matchings for each background were little changed across illumination intensities.
To Serve and to Tweet: An Examination of Police-Related Twitter Activity in Toronto
Authors: Kudla Daniel , Parnaby Patrick
Published: July 2018

Police departments across North America and Europe are using Twitter for many different reasons, one of the most important being public relations (i.e., image work). This article examines the relationship between Twitter use, police image work, and public engagement in the Canadian context. On the basis of 8,174 police-related tweets sent by the Toronto Police Service (TPS) and citizens, we advance the argument that despite its dialogical potential, the TPS use Twitter first and foremost as a means to legitimize the organization and that the organizational precepts of police image appear to preclude meaningful forms of engagement with citizens via Twitter.
Hegemonic media and inequality in Brazil
Authors: Paiva Raquel
Published: July 2018

In Brazil, the traditional media crisis coincides with the historical moment of weakening political liberalism and the transit of the rational idea of the people in favor of a still obscure mass of population, redefined and fixed by the expanded market. There is a general perception that the forms of representation or framing of the social–political field, dating to the 18th and 19th centuries, cease to be operative in understanding and evaluating socially significant events. In the old place of argumentative rhetoric, the database files come in. The obliteration of the receptive pole in favor of the emission opens the way for the autonomization of the algorithm, that is, for the artificial intelligence to control the entire interlocutory process. On the other hand, the crisis of traditional forms does not imply the disappearance of journalism, which remains virtually a space, to be occupied in the recreation of new forms of mediation politically significant for civil society, even taking into account that the great constitutive principles Of modernity (social contract, democracy, citizenship, state, nation, individual identity) are no longer in tune with the social synthesis operated by the new socioeconomic order. Thus, journalism as a modern phenomenon can be redefined by the market and technology. And professional journalists is just one of several categories of actors mobilized to determine the facts and turn them into media event. In this context, a new, more segmented fact-finding power emerges, as well as a new kind of relationship between the public and the knowledge of reality. The so-called “social” networks are the most palpable example of this new state of affairs, fueling speculation about the modeling of this new type of journalism.
Sharing the archive: Using web technologies for accessing, storing and re-using historical data
Authors: Finnane Mark , Kaladelfos Andy , Piper Alana
Published: July 2018

Historical data pose a variety of problems to those who seek statistically based understandings of the past. Quantitative historical analysis has been limited by researcher’s reliance on rigid statistics collected by individuals or agencies, or else by researcher access to small samples of raw data. Even digital technologies by themselves have not been enough to overcome the challenges of working with manuscript sources and aligning dis-aggregated data. However, by coupling the facilities enabled by the web with the enthusiasm of the public for explorations of the past, history has started to make the same strides towards big data evident in other fields. While the use of citizens to crowdsource research data was first pioneered within the sciences, a number of projects have similarly begun to draw on the help of citizen historians. This article explores the particular example of the Prosecution Project, which since 2014 has been using crowdsourced volunteers on a research collaboration to build a large-scale relational database of criminal prosecutions throughout Australia from the early 1800s to 1960s. The article outlines the opportunities and challenges faced by projects seeking to use web technologies to access, store and re-use historical data in an environment that increasingly enables creative collaborations between researchers and other users of social and historical data.
Examining the Relationships Between Jail Detention Deputies and Promotional Opportunities: Perceptions Across Racial Groups
Authors: Smith Justin J. , Peck Jennifer H. , Dobrin Adam
Published: July 2018

Prior research regarding the relationship between officer race and job satisfaction in correctional environments has revealed mixed findings. Additionally, the link between perceptions of the promotional process and how such perceptions may vary by race has received little empirical attention. Therefore, the present study examined racial differences in perceptions of promotional criteria using a sample of sworn deputies in a large jail located in the South-Central United States. Results indicated few racial differences in perceptions of promotional indicators and workplace environment, suggesting that racial discrimination among staff in correctional settings may not be as prevalent in this location compared to findings from earlier studies that suggest differing perceptions and discrimination patterned by race. Implications for the findings in terms of understanding the role that race plays among correctional staff for guiding future research, programming, and policy are discussed.
The Personality Trait of Environmental Sensitivity Predicts Children’s Positive Response to School-Based Antibullying Intervention
Authors: Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia , Pluess Michael
Published: July 2018

Meta-analyses on the effectiveness of antibullying interventions show that average effects tend to be significant but small. Informed by the vantage sensitivity framework, the current study aimed to test in a large randomized controlled trial whether individual differences in environmental sensitivity predict treatment response to an antibullying intervention. A total of 2,042 pupils (Grades 4 and 6) were randomly assigned to a treatment or control condition. Significant intervention effects on victimization and internalizing symptoms were moderated by both environmental sensitivity and gender: Boys who scored high on sensitivity benefited significantly more than did less sensitive boys from the effects of the intervention regarding reduced victimization and internalizing symptoms. The findings are consistent with the notion of vantage sensitivity, suggesting that some individuals are disproportionately likely to respond to treatment and others are more resistant as a function of individual differences in environmental sensitivity.
Cortical Speech Processing in Postlingually Deaf Adult Cochlear Implant Users, as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhou Xin , Seghouane Abd-Krim , Shah Adnan , Innes-Brown Hamish , Cross Will , Litovsky Ruth , McKay Colette M.
Published: July 2018

An experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to image cortical activity in the language areas of cochlear implant (CI) users and to explore the association between the activity and their speech understanding ability. Using fNIRS, 15 experienced CI users and 14 normal-hearing participants were imaged while presented with either visual speech or auditory speech. Brain activation was measured from the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal lobe in both hemispheres, including the language-associated regions. In response to visual speech, the activation levels of CI users in an a priori region of interest (ROI)—the left superior temporal gyrus or sulcus—were negatively correlated with auditory speech understanding. This result suggests that increased cross-modal activity in the auditory cortex is predictive of poor auditory speech understanding. In another two ROIs, in which CI users showed significantly different mean activation levels in response to auditory speech compared with normal-hearing listeners, activation levels were significantly negatively correlated with CI users’ auditory speech understanding. These ROIs were located in the right anterior temporal lobe (including a portion of prefrontal lobe) and the left middle superior temporal lobe. In conclusion, fNIRS successfully revealed activation patterns in CI users associated with their auditory speech understanding.
Event-Related Potentials Measured From In and Around the Ear Electrodes Integrated in a Live Hearing Device for Monitoring Sound Perception
Authors: Denk Florian , Grzybowski Marleen , Ernst Stephan M. A. , Kollmeier Birger , Debener Stefan , Bleichner Martin G.
Published: July 2018

Future hearing devices could exploit brain signals of the user derived from electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, for example, for fitting the device or steering signal enhancement algorithms. While previous studies have shown that meaningful brain signals can be obtained from ear-centered EEG electrodes, we here present a feasibility study where ear-EEG is integrated with a live hearing device. Seventeen normal-hearing participants were equipped with an individualized in-the-ear hearing device and an ear-EEG system that included 10 electrodes placed around the ear (cEEGrid) and 3 electrodes spread out in the concha. They performed an auditory discrimination experiment, where they had to detect an audible switch in the signal processing settings of the hearing device between repeated presentations of otherwise identical stimuli. We studied two aspects of the ear-EEG data: First, whether the switches in the hearing device settings can be identified in the brain signals, specifically event-related potentials. Second, we evaluated the signal quality for the individual electrode positions. The EEG analysis revealed significant differences between trials with and without a switch in the device settings in the N100 and P300 range of the event-related potential. The comparison of electrode positions showed that the signal quality is better for around-the-ear electrodes than for in-concha electrodes. These results confirm that meaningful brain signals related to the settings of a hearing device can be acquired from ear-EEG during real-time audio processing, particularly if electrodes around the ear are available.
Binaural Pitch Fusion: Effects of Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Oh Yonghee , Reiss Lina A. J.
Published: July 2018

Hearing-impaired adults, including both cochlear implant and bilateral hearing aid (HA) users, often exhibit broad binaural pitch fusion, meaning that they fuse dichotically presented tones with large pitch differences between ears. The current study was designed to investigate how binaural pitch fusion can be influenced by amplitude modulation (AM) of the stimuli and whether effects differ with hearing loss. Fusion ranges, the frequency ranges over which binaural pitch fusion occurs, were measured in both normal-hearing (NH) listeners and HA users with various coherent AM rates (2, 4, and 8 Hz); AM depths (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%); and interaural AM phase and AM rate differences. The averaged results show that coherent AM increased binaural pitch fusion ranges to about 2 to 4 times wider than those in the unmodulated condition in both NH and bilateral HA subjects. Even shallow temporal envelope fluctuations (20% AM depth) significantly increased fusion ranges in all three coherent AM rate conditions. Incoherent AM introduced through interaural differences in AM phase or AM rate led to smaller increases in binaural pitch fusion range compared with those observed with coherent AM. Significant differences between groups were observed only in the coherent AM conditions. The influence of AM cues on binaural pitch fusion shows that binaural fusion is mediated in part by central processes involved in auditory grouping.
“What Would I Look Like?”: How Exposure to Concentrated Disadvantage Shapes Hip-Hop Artists’ Connections to Community
Authors: Becker Sarah , Sweet Castel
Published: July 2018

Hip-hop has deep historical ties to disadvantaged communities. Resounding success in mainstream and global music markets potentially disrupts those connections. The authors use in-depth interviews with 25 self-defined rap/hip-hop artists to explore the significance of place in modern hip-hop. Bringing together historical studies of hip-hop and sociological neighborhood studies, the authors examine hip-hop artists’ community connections. Findings reveal that exposure to concentrated racial and economic disadvantage shapes how artists interpret community, artistic impact, and social responsibility. This supports the “black placemaking” framework, which highlights how black urban neighborhood residents creatively build community amid structural disadvantage. The analysis also elucidates the role specific types of physical places play in black placemaking processes.
“My Fish Died and I Flushed Him Down the Toilet”: Children Disrupt Preservice Teachers’ Understandings of “Appropriate” Picture Books for Young Children
Authors: Dixon Kerryn , Janks Hilary
Published: July 2018

Although the literature on picture books is extensive, very little work focuses on how they are integrated into teacher education curricula. We contend that effective use of these resources requires an understanding of the relationship between preservice teachers’ conceptions of children and of picture books. Second-year South African undergraduate preservice teachers were asked to review 12 picture books of their own choosing, discuss some of these books with children, and write reflections on what they learnt from the children’s responses. Two hundred and thirty picture-book reviews and 62 reflections were analyzed. The data show that preservice teachers’ criteria for choosing books were disrupted by children’s views. We conclude by considering our own assumptions about our students and the implications for teacher education curriculum design.
#LetThemStay#BringThemHere: Embodied politics, asylum seeking, and performativities of protest opposing Australia’s Operation Sovereign Borders
Authors: Hodge Paul
Published: July 2018

The body is the object of border protection. Yet the body remains largely outside reigning notions of the political in debates on bordering practices and challenges to it. Exploring what bodies do in their performativity as they negotiate and resist the securitisation of forced migration can open up new ways of understanding the disruptive potential of the body. In this paper, I draw on Judith Butler’s seminal work on contingency and norms of existence, along with her musings on forms of assembly, and recent feminist scholarship on social movements, to think through what the #LetThemStay and #BringThemHere protests in Australia might signal as advocates for those seeking asylum put their bodies on the line to disrupt the federal government’s border protection policy – Operation Sovereign Borders. While people seeking asylum themselves are at the bodily forefront of opposition and resistance – their bodies and bodily tactics negotiating border enforcement technologies – it is the bodily performativities of advocates for those seeking asylum that are the focus of this paper. The paper describes the way linguistic and bodily performativity coalesce in these performativities of protest as advocates embody the sociality being asserted. By making explicit the embodied politics at play in these forms of assembly, I explore the transformative potential of the body in its myriad capacities adding to long-standing feminist calls for a ‘corporeal geopolitics’ in political geography, one that centres the already existing politics of bodies.
Creating active citizens? Emotional geographies of citizenship in a diverse and deprived neighbourhood
Authors: Hoekstra Myrte Sophie
Published: July 2018

National and local governments in Western Europe formulate normative notions of active citizenship to regulate the attitudes and behaviours of their subjects. Focusing in particular on diverse and deprived urban neighbourhoods, local interventions target residents’ presumed lack of attachment to the neighbourhood and their alienation from ‘mainstream’ white middle-class society. This paper argues that – contrary to policy assumptions – residents are emotionally attached to and engaged with their neighbourhood. However, their everyday practices of citizenship fall short of the standards prescribed by policy-makers. These two perspectives intersect and clash in the local neighbourhood centre. Staff members of this semi-governmental intervention mediate different citizenship conceptions by creating personal relations with participants while simultaneously reinforcing dominant norms. The findings highlight the messy and ambiguous reality of neighbourhood governance and underscore that local understandings of citizenship can simultaneously work with and against policy frameworks.
Stroke Care Services in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akinyemi Rufus O. , Adeniji Olaleye A.
Published: July 2018

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and adult-onset disability globally. Although its incidence is reducing in developed countries, low- and middle-income countries, especially African countries, are witnessing an increase in cases of stroke, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Evidently, a new paradigm is needed on the continent to tackle this growing burden of stroke in its preventative and treatment aspects.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the scope of stroke care services, where they exist, and their relationship with currently existing health systems.

Methods: A detailed literature search was undertaken referring to PubMed and Google Scholar for articles from January 1960 to March 2018, using a range of search terms. Of 93 publications, 45 papers were shortlisted, and 21 reviewed articles on existing stroke services were included.

Results: The literature on models of stroke services in Africa is sparse. We identified focused systems of care delivery in the hyperacute, acute, and rehabilitative phases of stroke in a few African countries. There is a continent-wide paucity of data on the organization of prehospital stroke services. Only 3 African countries (South Africa, Egypt, and Morocco) reported experiences on thrombolysis. Also, the uptake of dedicated stroke units appears limited across the continent. Encouragingly, there are large-scale secondary prevention models on the continent, mostly within the context of experimental research projects, albeit with promising results. We found only 1 article on the interventional aspects of stroke care in our review, and this was a single-center report.

Conclusions: The literature on the organization of stroke services is sparse in Africa. Dedicated action at policy, population, community, and hospital-based levels is urgently needed toward the organization of stroke services to tame the burgeoning burden of stroke on the African continent.
Intersex Bodies in Premodern Islamic Discourse
Authors: Gesink Indira Falk
Published: July 2018

Sexuality scholarship demonstrates the historical production of the male/female sexual binary in scientific discourse. While some scholars have applied the insights of this scholarship to modern Islamic contexts, studies on intersex persons (khuntha) in premodern Islamic societies often underestimate the nonjudgmental character of legal and medical discourse. Based on analysis of medical, lexicographical, and juridical discourse from the eighth to the eighteenth centuries, this article argues that the dominant strand of this discourse tolerated ambiguity and flexibility regarding nonbinary sex embodiments. This discourse widely recognized three to five sexual categories, including khuntha mushkil, a “medial sex” with intersex physical characteristics difficult to categorize as predominantly male or female. Jurists and physicians treated such persons as indeterminate or complex, even when assigning them a “provisional” legal sex. Premodern Islamic experts largely understood intersex as ambiguous and mutable when addressing inheritance, prayer, burial, dress, travel, and marriage.
Human trophoblasts are primarily distinguished from somatic cells by differences in the pattern rather than the degree of global CpG methylation
Authors: Gamage Teena K. J. B. , Schierding William , Tsai Peter , Ludgate Jackie L. , Chamley Lawrence W. , Weeks Robert J. , Macaulay Erin C. , James Joanna L.
Published: July 2018

The placenta is a fetal exchange organ connecting mother and baby that facilitates fetal growth in utero. DNA methylation is thought to impact placental development and function. Global DNA methylation studies using human placental lysates suggest that the placenta is uniquely hypomethylated compared to somatic tissue lysates, and this hypomethylation is thought to be important in conserving the unique placental gene expression patterns required for successful function. In the placental field, methylation has frequently been examined in tissue lysates, which contain mixed cell types that can confound results. To better understand how DNA methylation influences placentation, DNA from isolated first trimester trophoblast populations underwent reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and was compared to publicly available data of blastocyst-derived and somatic cell populations. First, this revealed that unlike murine blastocysts, human trophectoderm and inner cell mass samples did not have significantly different levels of global methylation. Secondly, our work suggests that differences in global CpG methylation between trophoblasts and somatic cells are much smaller than previously reported. Rather, our findings suggest that different patterns of CpG methylation may be more important in epigenetically distinguishing the placenta from somatic cell populations, and these patterns of methylation may contribute to successful placental/trophoblast function.
NEOTEKTONIKH ΔΟΜΗ ΚΑΙ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΗ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΦΥΛΛΟΥ ΑΙΓΙΟ (Β. ΠΕΛΟΠΟΝΝΗΣΟΣ)
Authors: Τρίκολας Κ. , Αλεξούλη-Λειβαδίτη A.
Published: July 2018

Μετά από γεωλογική χαρτογράφηση του φύλλου ΑΙΓΙΟ, παρουσιάζεται η νεοτεκτονική εικόνα και η εξέλιξη της περιοχής αυτής, όπως προέκυψε από τα στρωματογραφικά στοιχεία των μεταλπικών ιζημάτων και τα κινηματικά στοιχεία των ρηγμάτων. Διαπιστώθηκαν δομές τεκτονικών κεράτων και βυθισμάτων, που διαμορφώνονται από κανονικά ρήγματα ΔΒΔ - ΑΝΑ διεύθυνσης, μεγάλης κλίμακας. Νεώτερα πλαγιοκανονικά ρήγματα ΔΒΔ - ΑΝΑ, ΒΔ - ΝΑ και Β, ΒΑ - Ν, ΝΑ διεύθυνσης δημιουργούν μεγάλα και μικρά ρηξιτεμάχη, και προκαλούν στροφές αυτών σε Ν, ΝΑ και Α κατεύθυνση. Διαμορφώνονται δομές rollover σε όλη τη περιοχή του φύλλου. Η περιοχή εξελίσσεται από Ν προς Β. Η νεοτεκτονική δομή φαίνεται να έχει διαμορφωθεί σε δύο φάσεις. Η πρώτη από το Αν. Μειόκαινο μέχρι το Κατ. Πλειστόκαινο, και η δεύτερη από το Κατ. Πλειστόκαινο μέχρι σήμερα.
PATTERNS AND CONDITIONS OF DEFORMATION IN THE PLATTENKALK NAPPE , CRETE , GREECE : A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Fassoulas C. , Rahl J. M. , Ague J. , Henderson K.
Published: July 2018

We present preliminary results from an ongoing study of deformation and fluid flow within the meta-carbonates of the Plattenkalk nappe exposed in central and western Crete, Greece. Deformation was controlled by lithological properties and is mainly expressed as makro- to meso-scale folds and localized thrusts. Folds along several profiles are mainly asymmetric flexural-slip folds with south to southeast vergence, sub-horizontal east-west trending fold axes, and variable fold opening angles. The large folds commonly invert the stratigraphie section. Variable recrystallization near cracks and bedding contacts within the carbonate rocks suggests that localization of fluids into channelways left much of the rock sequence "dry" during metamorphism. The style of the late Tertiary deformation and general tectonic setting for the Plattenkalk nappe suggests that accretion and deformation are "thin-skinned".
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DEFORMATIONS OF EARTH DAMS' BODIES. DAM OF THE H.P.P. OF SFIKIA, VERIA
Authors: Λουπασάκης Κ. , Χρηστάρας Β. , Δημόπουλος Γ. , Χατζηγώγος Θ.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the numerical analysis procedure and the results arising from the simulation of the earth dam's body of the hydroelectric power plan of Sfikia. This dam was simulated for its response during the staged construction of the body and during the gradual filling of the lake. This dam was selected because of the availability of specialized laboratory tests data coming from the materials of every zone. This selection was also enhanced by the availability of displacement and piezometric recordings coming from in situ instruments. Those data gave us the opportunity to control and to improve the numerical analysis procedure by means of numerous parametric analyses
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SLOPE FAILURES IN PALEO MIKROHORIO EVRYTANIA PR., AIMING AT ITS SAFE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ρόζος Δ. , Αποστολίδης E.
Published: July 2018

The geological structure and tectonism of Paleo Mikro Horio development area in relation with the morphology and engineering geological - hydrogeological behaviour of the formations contributed to the instability of certain slopes and the manifestation of serious landslides, with distinctive event, the landslides manifested on 13/1/1963, that resulted in the death of 13 persons and the destruction of the greatest part of the village. Manifestation of recent phenomena refers to slope failures restricted and surficial, outside the residential area at the upward forest slope of the village. To ensure safe delimitation of the village residential development area, all the abovementioned data were evaluated, taking also into account the rather high seismic risk of the area, and an engineering geological map was compiled at a scale of 1:5.000. This map includes seven (7) engineering geological units, three (3) for the basement formations and four (4) for the recent formations. For every one of them a general description, the engineering geological and hydrogeological behaviour as well as basic approaches of the engineering geological setting resulting from the geodynamic-geomorphologic evolution of the area are given. Based on all the collected data and the engineering geological map, recommendations relevant for the residential use development of the area were formulated, mainly by means of a zonation map including three zones as following: (a) areas considered safe without taking specific additional measures, (b) areas considered insecure due to the activity of the groundwater and their instability in general, specifically under dynamic load, although current soil displacement phenomena have not been observed and (c) areas covered by the 1963's landslide materials, considered unsuitable for building. Finally, the application of measures that improved the geotechnical conditions of the new residential areas as well as the existed ones was thought to be necessary, apart from the good foundation of the houses and the anti-seismic enforcement of the constructions.
USE OF HERSCEL-BUCKLEY MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF GROUT PROPAGATION IN POROUS MEDIA AND COMPARISON WITH IN SITU RESULTS
Authors: Χατζηαγγέλου M. , Αναγνωστόπουλος Κ.
Published: July 2018

Grouting as a mean to strengthen weak soils or rock mass for construction foundations or underground facilities has been used for decades. With an increased demand for technical efficiency and cost reduction, the need to improve the method has also increased. The know-how of grouting relates to several fields of research, for instance flow in porous media and the behaviour of grouting research. In this paper, a grout propagation prediction model in porous media is studied with the use of Herscel-Buckley law. Continuously, a comparison between the results of prediction model and those derived from cement grouting during the excavation of a tunnel in a weathering rock mass, is carried out.
EVALUATION OF BOTTLED WATER QUALITY
Authors: Φωτίου E. , Κολοβός N.
Published: July 2018

The investigation and the evaluation of the bottled water parameters and their relation to the human health is the main target of this paper. Thirty three samples of bottled water were investigated and the quality parameters were compared according to the standards introduced by EC (instruction 80/778 - 15/07/80) of the drinking water. The physicochemical parameters include pH, conductivity, CI, S04, Si02, Ca, Mg, Na, Κ, F, total hardness and alkalinity.