bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of two bacterial species and five aqueous plant extracts on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and surof (Echinochloa crus-galli L.)
Authors: Ebrahimpour Musa , Kasraie Pourang , Larijani Hamid Reza , Tohidi-Moghadam Hamid Reza , Honarmand-Jahromy Sahar
Published: October 2023

Chemical exudates from some plants to the environment have been reported as causative agents of adverse effect on growth of neighboring plants and thus affecting normal growth in their natural environment. The mode of action of Chemical exudates on plants is involves a large number of biochemical reactions. This research aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of different levels of two bacterial species and five aqueous plant extracts on the yield and yield components of Oryza sativa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. This research was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three factors with three replications during the 2017–2018 crop year. The main factor included aqueous extracts of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), Nettle (Urtica dioica), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), and Streptomyces sp-albos containing thaxtomin, Xanthomonas campestris, and control (without aqueous plant extracts and surfactant). The sub-factor includes foliar application treatment with different levels of zero (control), 5, 10, and 15% of extracts, and the third experimental factor included Oryza sativa L. and E. crus-galli L. The results indicated the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and grain protein content decreased, and the grain starch content increased with increasing the extract concentration; the highest effect was obtained at 15% of extracts. The lowest value of leaf area index (3.13) were found in higher concentration of X. campestris followed by Elderberry extract (5%, 10% and 15%) and Nettle (10%) extracts. It was also found that using extract reduced yield characteristics and components of Oryza sativa L., E. crus-galli L., and Elderberry extract showed the highest negative effect. According to the results, Oryza sativa L. had higher plant height, LAI, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, grain protein content, and grain starch content than E. crus-galli L. In all extractions, control treatment had the highest number of panicles plant−1 in both plants (rice and E. crus-galli L., 260.1 and 117.1 mg g−1 FW). The results suggested that various extracts, especially Nettle, and 15% of Elderberry can control E. crus-galli L. at the germination stage under field conditions.
Modelling and scaling laws of the ion emission regime in Taylor cones
Authors: Magnani Marco , Gamero-Castaño Manuel
Published: October 2023

This article presents a first-principles model for electrosprays operating in the ion emission regime. The model considers ion emission from a Taylor cone anchored on a tubular emitter, including the fluid dynamics as well as the electrostatic interaction between the liquid, the electrodes and the ion beam. The model accounts for the self-heating of the liquid due to ohmic and viscous dissipation, and the associated variation of the viscosity and electrical conductivity with temperature. The numerical solution reproduces the experimental phenomenology of the ion emission regime (e.g. current levels, the high sensitivity to the ion solvation energy, the proportionality between the emitted current and emitter potential, etc.), and other aspects of the underlying physics such as the coupling between ion emission and self-heating of the liquid. The numerical solution is also used to validate a simpler analytical model that yields scaling laws for the emitted current, and for the characteristic length, current density and electric field of the emission region. The analytical model also provides liquid-dependent criteria for the onset of the ion emission regime.
WEAK INDESTRUCTIBILITY AND REFLECTION
Authors: HOLLAND JAMES
Published: October 2023

We establish an equiconsistency between (1) weak indestructibility for all
$\kappa +2$
-degrees of strength for cardinals
$\kappa $
in the presence of a proper class of strong cardinals, and (2) a proper class of cardinals that are strong reflecting strongs. We in fact get weak indestructibility for degrees of strength far beyond
$\kappa +2$
, well beyond the next inaccessible limit of measurables (of the ground model). One direction is proven using forcing and the other using core model techniques from inner model theory. Additionally, connections between weak indestructibility and the reflection properties associated with Woodin cardinals are discussed. This work is a part of my upcoming thesis [7].
An Emerging Dilemma for Reciprocal Causation
Authors: Hazelwood Caleb
Published: October 2023

Among advocates and critics of the “extended evolutionary synthesis” (EES), “reciprocal causation” refers to the view that adaptive evolution is a bidirectional phenomenon, whereby organisms and environments impinge on each other through processes of niche construction and natural selection. I argue that reciprocal causation is incompatible with the view that natural selection is a metaphysically emergent causal process. The emergent character of selection places reciprocal causation on the horns of dilemma, and neither horn can rescue it. I conclude that proponents of the EES must abandon the claim that the process of natural selection features in cycles of reciprocal causation.
Transdisciplinary Philosophy of Science: Meeting the Challenge of Indigenous Expertise
Authors: Ludwig David , El-Hani Charbel N. , Gatti Fabio , Kendig Catherine , Kramm Matthias , Neco Lucia , Delgado Abigail Nieves , Poliseli Luana , Renck Vitor , Ressiore C. Adriana , Galindo Luis Reyes , Rickard Thomas Lloyd , De La Rosa Gabriela , Turska Julia J. , Vergara-Silva Francisco , Wilson Robert A.
Published: October 2023

Transdisciplinary research knits together knowledge from diverse epistemic communities in addressing social-environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate crises, food insecurity, and public health. This article reflects on the roles of philosophy of science in transdisciplinary research while focusing on Indigenous and other subjugated forms of knowledge. We offer a critical assessment of demarcationist approaches in philosophy of science and outline a constructive alternative of transdisciplinary philosophy of science. While a focus on demarcation obscures the complex relations between epistemic communities, transdisciplinary philosophy of science provides resources for meeting epistemic and political challenges of collaborative knowledge production.
Lattice preferred orientation of quartz in granitic gneisses from Tso Morari Crystalline Complex, Eastern Ladakh, trans-Himalaya: evaluating effect of Dauphiné twin in dynamic recrystallization during exhumation
Authors: Dey Alosree , Sen Koushik , Mamtani Manish A.
Published: October 2023

The Tso Morari Crystalline complex (TMCC) of eastern Ladakh, India, is part of the north Indian continental margin and is characterized by eclogitic enclaves embedded within ortho- and paragneisses known as the Puga Gneiss. Two fault zones bound the TMCC: the Karzok fault to the southwest and the Zildat fault to the northeast. In the present study, we carried out Electron Backscatter Diffraction study of quartz of 10 samples collected from the Puga Gneiss. The relict and recrystallized quartz grains were treated separately to understand the deformation conditions of the Puga Gneiss during early and late deformation stages related to UHP metamorphism and final stage of exhumation during retrogression, respectively. Microstructural observations suggest dynamic recrystallization in quartz and plagioclase at different temperature ranges. Misorientation analysis of both relict and recrystallized quartz grains reveals presence of Dauphiné Twins. Lattice preferred Orientation (LPO) of  axis of relict quartz grains generally shows more than one point maxima indicating that the relict grains preserve LPO developed during different stages of metamorphism/deformation. On the other hand, LPO of  axis of recrystallized grains from Karzok and Zildat fault zones shows asymmetric single girdle either normal or at an angle to the foliation plane, which suggests simple shear. We conclude that grain size reduction and recrystallization of the Puga Gneiss was greatly influenced by Dauphiné Twin and the final exhumation of the TMCC took place in a simple shear environment aided by activity along its two binding fault zones.
The odd octopus: identification and burrowing behaviour of a deep-water octopus, Muusoctopus leioderma, found in a shallow-water bay
Authors: Kore Lydia G. , Johnson Bobbi M. , Winters Misa , Onthank Kirt L.
Published: October 2023

Cephalopod populations have expanded over recent decades, both numerically and geographically. These expansions are particularly noteworthy because cephalopods are a taxon of quickly reproducing, high-metabolic rate predators that can have disproportionate impacts on naïve ecosystems. We report a new occurrence of an octopus species in 11.6 m of water in Burrows Bay, Washington, USA (coastal northeast Pacific Ocean). These newly identified individuals have several characteristics that clearly differentiate them from either of the two known octopus species that occur in shallow water within the area: Octopus rubescens and Enteroctopus dofleini. Instead, specimens superficially resemble Muusoctopus leioderma, a species which is found in the geographic area, but has never been reported at depths less than 70 m. Octopuses were collected for morphological and genetic comparison to known octopus species, focusing on other nominal Muusoctopus species. Genetic comparisons were conducted using three mitochondrial loci (12S ribosomal RNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit III, and cytochrome b) sequenced for the octopus along with two M. leioderma museum specimens, including the species' neotype. Observation of octopus behaviour revealed a unique burrowing behaviour. Morphology of the octopus found in Burrows Bay largely coincides with M. leioderma, with a few notable differences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Burrows Bay octopus forms a monophyletic clade with the M. leioderma neotype, but also suggested that M. leioderma is more closely related to Octopus californicus than to the other members of the genus Muusoctopus. These octopuses are thus attributed to M. leioderma but the generic placement of the species should be reviewed.
On cooperative libertines and wicked puritans
Authors: Giner-Sorolla Roger , Myers Simon
Published: October 2023

We agree with Fitouchi et al. that self-denial is sometimes moralized to signal capacity for cooperation, but propose that a person's cooperative character is more precisely judged by willingness to follow cultural, group, and interpersonal goals, for which many rules can serve as proxies, including rules about abstention. But asceticism is not a moral signal if its aims are destructive, while indulging impulses in a culturally approved way can also signal cooperation.
Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater: Indulging in harmless pleasures can support self-regulation and foster cooperation
Authors: Becker Daniela , Bernecker Katharina
Published: October 2023

In this commentary we challenge Fitouchi et al.'s puritanical morality account by presenting evidence showing (1) that pursuing harmless pleasures can actually support self-regulation, and (2) that sharing pleasurable experiences can foster cooperation. We conclude that puritanical morality is not as adaptive as presented, and may even suppress the potential benefits pleasure can have for the individual and society.
Evolutionary research confirms that a need for collective action increases puritanism
Authors: Fog Agner
Published: October 2023

Recent findings in evolutionary psychology explain how moral disciplining is connected to the need for collective action. Morals are strict in societies affected by war or perceived collective danger, but loose where peace and security prevail. This theory supplements the moral disciplining theory by providing an evolutionary explanation for the postulated link between puritanism and the need for cooperation.
Puritanical morality: Cooperation or coercion?
Authors: Barenthin Glenn
Published: October 2023

The suggestion that there is a need to moralize bodily pleasures for uncooperative self-control failures doesn't fit with the historical record. I counter that the development of puritanical values was an instrument of coercion and control, rather than an adaptation for cooperation. Confusing cooperation with coercion and moral principles with conventional norms leads to misconceptions about societal arrangements.
Greenness and biodiversity of open spaces in primary schools and their local surroundings in England
Authors: Howlett Kate , Turner Edgar C
Published: October 2023

There is increasing disconnect between children and nature in the UK. Given that childhood nature experiences are important for the development of nature connection, well-being benefits and aspects of children’s development, mapping the existing biodiversity that children are exposed to on a daily basis in schools and their grounds is vital to identifying areas of low biodiversity and to developing strategies to increase exposure to nature. Despite children spending a large portion of time at schools, there has not yet been an in-depth, in situ assessment of the biodiversity present in school grounds. Using a sample of 14 English schools, including state-funded and non-state-funded schools, we used remote images to quantify green-space area within a 3–km buffer around (buffer greenness) and within (school greenness) each school, including the school’s grounds surrounding the buildings, and in situ images to quantify vegetation visible to children within each school’s grounds (visible vegetation). We also surveyed trees, ground plants, ground invertebrates and birds within school grounds. School greenness correlated positively with visible vegetation, but buffer greenness was not related to either school greenness or visible vegetation. Buffer greenness correlated positively with plant richness, and school greenness correlated positively with tree abundance and richness. Visible vegetation correlated positively with tree abundance and richness, maximum tree diameter at breast height, plant richness and invertebrate abundance. Non-state-funded schools had higher visible vegetation than state-funded schools. Our sample indicates that schools can support considerable biodiversity and that this is broadly consistent across state-funded and non-state-funded schools. We suggest that increasing the amount of vegetation, through planting of trees, shrubs and borders, may be the most effective method of increasing school biodiversity, as visible vegetation had effects on the greatest number of taxa.
Failure in reflective functioning as a key factor in the association between problematic social networking sites use, attachment and childhood maltreatment: A network analysis approach on gender differences
Authors: Bassi Giulia , Mancinelli Elisa , Salcuni Silvia , Gori Alessio , Musetti Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Following a network analysis approach, the present study aims to explore the pattern of mutual relationships between failure in reflective functioning (RF) – defined as hypomentalization – problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU), attachment anxiety and avoidance, and childhood maltreatment among emerging adults, with a focus on gender differences. The study sample comprises N = 1,614 emerging adults (Mage = 23.84; SD = 3.21; 50% identified themselves as women) who completed online self-assessment measures. Results showed significantly greater PSNSU, hypomentalization, childhood emotional abuse, and both attachment avoidance and anxiety among women. Indeed, within the network analysis, performed separately for men and women, network-specific associative patterns were observed; yet also similarities have emerged. Within the women’s network, differently from males, attachment avoidance connects, through attachment anxiety, to emotional abuse, mood modification related to PSNSU, and hypomentalization. Nonetheless, hypomentalization was central in both networks, functioning as a hub between attachment anxiety, the PSNSU cluster, and the childhood maltreatment cluster. These results shed light on the use of social network sites as a potential maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, particularly among women. In this regard, the role of RF should be considered as a key treatment target to reduce PSNSU and support the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Global Musical Modernisms
Authors: LEE GAVIN S. K. , MILLER CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: October 2023

Global Musical Modernisms – the formulation heralds expansion into new arenas of music research.1For while certain pairings of the component terms are familiar enough, the concatenation of all three is novel. In music studies, the most notable trend is the flurry of activity around global music history, with study groups in two societies historically focused on Western musics, and one focused on ethnomusicology.2Global music history derives strength and in turn strengthens movement towards disciplinary convergence, or at least greater interaction – an important precondition for the study of global musical modernisms.3There has also been renewed interest in musical modernism, though not so much, at least at first glance, in the direction of the global, and with less interdisciplinary synergy. By contrast, the global figures very prominently in what has been termed the ‘new modernist studies’, a field that coalesced in the late 1990s.4As one indication, its global turn had gathered enough momentum for Oxford University Press to publish a handbook on ‘Global Modernisms’ in 2013, just three years after its handbook on ‘Modernisms’.5Despite aspirations to coverage of modernism in all its forms, the field is populated predominantly by literary scholars, with minimal attention to music.
Fellow travellers in transformative times: a reflection on 21 years membership of the European Health Policy Group
Authors: Helderman Jan-Kees
Published: October 2023

It must have been early 2000, around the start of the new Millennium. I was working as a junior lecturer/researcher at the then Institute for Health Care Policy and Management at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Still barely familiar with Dutch health care as a policy system, let alone with European health care policy systems I decided that it would be a good idea to attend a seminar of the recently established European Health Policy Group. I had heard good stories about this new multidisciplinary group, founded by Elias Mossialos and Adam Oliver. My PhD thesis supervisor, Tom van der Grinten, also went there, as did some of my colleagues from the Department of Health Economics and Health Insurance, people like Erik Schut and Wynand van de Ven for example. They were close colleagues of me, although our respective disciplines from which we studied health care policy were different.
Validation of Version 1.3 Ozone Measured by the SOFIE Instrument
Authors: Das S. , Bailey S. M. , Hervig M. E. , Thurairajah B. , Marshall B. T.
Published: October 2023

The Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) has operated aboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite since 2007. SOFIE uses solar occultation to retrieve ozone (O3) profiles from ∼20 to 100 km altitude, typically at polar latitudes. This study validates SOFIE O3 profiles, including error analysis and comparisons with independent observations. Comparisons are made to the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite instruments. SOFIE shows qualitative and quantitative agreement with both data sets between 30 and 70 km and better overall agreement in the northern hemisphere. SOFIE and ACE mean differences are typically within 20% in the 30–70 km altitude range. SOFIE and MIPAS exhibit mean difference values within 30% in the winter and 20% for all other seasons averaged, between ∼30 and 60 km. Seasonal comparisons indicate similar variations in both hemispheres and through all seasons. The comparisons indicate that SOFIE is biased 5%–10% low at 30–70 km altitudes, with greater differences at higher and lower altitudes. The comparisons are challenging due to the low O3 concentrations at high altitudes, the limited number of coincidences, and the large diurnal variation in mesospheric O3 during twilight hours.
Are Volatiles From Subducted Ridges on the Pampean Flat Slab Fracking the Crust? Evidence From an Enhanced Seismicity Catalog
Authors: Maharaj A. , Roecker S. , Alvarado P. , Trad S. , Beck S. , Comte D.
Published: October 2023

Seamounts and ridges are often invoked to explain subduction‐related phenomena such as flat slab generation, but the extent of their involvement remains controversial. An analysis of seismicity in the region of the Pampean flat slab through an application of an automated catalog generation algorithm resulted in 35,924 well constrained local earthquake hypocenters and a total of 12,172 focal mechanisms. Several new features related to the subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge (JFR) were discovered, including (a) a series of parallel lineaments of seismicity in the subducted Nazca plate separated by about 50 km and trending about 20°, and (b) a strong spatial correlation between these deeper (>80 km depth) regions of intense seismicity and concentrations of activity in the crust almost directly above it. Focal mechanisms of the deeper events are almost exclusively (∼81%) normal, while those in the crust are predominantly (∼70%) reverse. The deeper lineaments mirror the orientation and spacing of several seamount chains seen on the Nazca plate, suggesting that these patterns are caused by the same types of features at depth. This would imply that relatively minor features persist as slab anomalies long after they are subducted. The correlation of the deeper seismicity that defines these features with seismicity in the mid to lower crust suggests a genetic relation between the two. We postulate that volatiles from the subducted ridges percolate into the South American crust and induce seismicity essentially by fracking it.
An Isotopologue‐Enabled Model (∆47, ∆48) for Describing Thermal Fluid‐Carbonate Interaction in Open and Closed Diagenetic Systems
Authors: Staudigel Philip , Pederson Chelsea , van der Lubbe Jeroen , Bernecker Miguel , Tagliavento Mattia , Davies Amelia , Immenhauser Adrian , Fiebig Jens
Published: October 2023

The geochemical and ultrastructural properties of thermally altered skeletal carbonate are expected to be compromised to varying degrees by disequilibrium processes between solids and the ambient aqueous fluids. When assessing the alteration history of carbonates, it is important to apply models that quantitatively describe these diagenetic processes on multiple geochemical systems, such that they can be identified in natural samples. Carbonate clumped isotope analysis provides a unique tool for validating such models and can be combined with other geochemical tools/proxies to more comprehensively describe the processes and products. Here, we have analyzed bivalve shells that have undergone hydrothermal alteration (experimental diagenesis) in high water/rock ratio experiments at 130 and 160°C, demonstrating that non‐linear changes in ∆47 and ∆48 values can be attributed to heterogeneous replacement of precursor carbonates. Importantly, this model predicts decoupled ∆47 and ∆48 values, despite all reactions occurring at clumped isotope equilibrium with respect to the experimental temperature. We demonstrate that the rapid, thermally induced re‐equilibration occurs in a “closed system” with minimal exchange with the ambient fluid, similar to the results of heating experiments conducted without an extraneous fluid. Later, stages of alteration occur in an “open system” wherein internal fluid is exchanged with the external fluid at a similar rate to recrystallization and neomorphism. In these experiments, some oxygen from the original inorganic‐organic composite‐biomineral is inherited, indicating restrictions on the availability of fluid oxygen. Our experiments and models validate a novel application for dual‐clumped isotopes for reconstructing hydrothermal temperatures and fluid δ18O compositions.
The Impact of Space Radiation on Brains of Future Martian and Lunar Explorers
Authors: Li Yuncong , Guo Jingnan , Khaksarighiri Salman , Dobynde Mikhail Igorevich , Zhang Jian , Liu Bailiang , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F.
Published: October 2023

Astronauts will be facing many risks when they are away from Earth's environment, among which radiation is one of the most vital and troublesome issues. Space radiation exposure from energetic particles of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) can adversely impact the Central Nervous System (CNS) by inducing acute (i.e., mission critical) and chronic (i.e., post‐mission) effects, respectively. Recently, Brain Response Functions (BRFs) based on a realistic brain structure have been developed to model cosmic‐ray induced dose in the brain (Khaksarighiri et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.003). In this study, to quantify the radiation induced dose and evaluate the radiation risk to the CNS of the astronauts on the surface of Mars and Moon and in deep space, we use GCR/SEP spectral models together with Mars/Moon radiation transport codes to obtain the radiation field to which astronauts are exposed, and derive the absorbed dose in the brain with BRFs. Our calculations show that GCR induced absorbed dose per month in the brain does not reach the 30‐day limit for CNS (500 mGy) as defined by NASA on either Martian or lunar surface. Based on the spectra and frequency of historical extreme SEP events recorded at Earth as ground‐level enhancement events over past five solar cycles, our results suggest that the CNS of astronauts will be generally “safe” on the Martian surface, but those on the lunar surface or in deep space may face radiation risks in their CNS if not well shielded during such extreme events.
European LeukemiaNet laboratory recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cross Nicholas C. P. , Ernst Thomas , Branford Susan , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Deininger Michael , Fabarius Alice , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Machova Polakova Katerina , Radich Jerald P. , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Hochhaus Andreas , Apperley Jane F. , Soverini Simona
Published: October 2023

From the laboratory perspective, effective management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) requires accurate diagnosis, assessment of prognostic markers, sequential assessment of levels of residual disease and investigation of possible reasons for resistance, relapse or progression. Our scientific and clinical knowledge underpinning these requirements continues to evolve, as do laboratory methods and technologies. The European LeukemiaNet convened an expert panel to critically consider the current status of genetic laboratory approaches to help diagnose and manage CML patients. Our recommendations focus on current best practice and highlight the strengths and pitfalls of commonly used laboratory tests.
An extra-erythrocyte role of haemoglobin body in chondrocyte hypoxia adaption
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhang Bo , Wang Yuying , Jiang Runmin , Liu Jin , Wei Yuexian , Gao Xinyue , Zhu Yichao , Wang Xinli , Sun Mao , Kang Junjun , Liu Yingying , You Guoxing , Wei Ding , Xin Jiajia , Bao Junxiang , Wang Meiqing , Gu Yu , Wang Zhe , Ye Jing , Guo Shuangping , Huang Hongyan , Sun Qiang
Published: October 2023

Although haemoglobin is a known carrier of oxygen in erythrocytes that functions to transport oxygen over a long range, its physiological roles outside erythrocytes are largely elusive1,2. Here we found that chondrocytes produced massive amounts of haemoglobin to form eosin-positive bodies in their cytoplasm. The haemoglobin body (Hedy) is a membraneless condensate characterized by phase separation. Production of haemoglobin in chondrocytes is controlled by hypoxia and is dependent on KLF1 rather than the HIF1/2α pathway. Deletion of haemoglobin in chondrocytes leads to Hedy loss along with severe hypoxia, enhanced glycolysis and extensive cell death in the centre of cartilaginous tissue, which is attributed to the loss of the Hedy-controlled oxygen supply under hypoxic conditions. These results demonstrate an extra-erythrocyte role of haemoglobin in chondrocytes, and uncover a heretofore unrecognized mechanism in which chondrocytes survive a hypoxic environment through Hedy.
Recent update on the electroactive oligopyrrolic macrocyclic hosts with a Bucky-ball heart
Authors: Das Shubhasree , Sai Naik M. Bhargav , Maliyekkal Godwin , Maity Shubhra Bikash , Jana Atanu
Published: October 2023

Host–guest supramolecular ensembles constructed by various electroactive oligopyrrolic molecular containers capable of spherical guest (e.g., Buckminster fullerenes) complexation are described in this Feature Article.
Formation mechanism of radial mesocrystals consisting of ZnO nanowires
Authors: Yan Yaozong , Tada Hiroaki , Sugime Hisashi , Soejima Tetsuro
Published: October 2023

Radial ZnO mesocrystals consisting of tapered ZnO nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by a liquid-phase reaction, which proceeds via the preferential zone-axis growth to ZnO NWs, and self-assembling of linear ZnO NW dimers.
Thermodynamics of liquid and fluid mixtures from the kinetic Monte Carlo viewpoint
Authors: Ustinov Eugene A.
Published: October 2023

In this study a binary mixture is modelled in a uniform simulation cell at various temperatures using an extended version of the grand canonical kinetic Monte Carlo (GC-kMC) method.
Prediction of superconductivity in sandwich XB4 (X = Li, Be, Zn and Ga) films
Authors: Zeng Shuming , Zhao Yinchang , Zulfiqar Muhammad , Li Geng
Published: October 2023

Metal-intercalated borophene exhibits superconductivity and can be modulated through strain manipulation.
Life cycle of single atom catalysts: a Mössbauer study on degradation and reactivation of tetrapyrrolic Fe–N–C powders
Authors: Menga Davide , Wagner Friedrich E. , Fellinger Tim-Patrick
Published: October 2023

Degradation of single-site model Fe–N–C powder tracked using cryo-Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests a simple mechanism comprising the oxidation of Fe(ii) to Fe(iii) followed by precipitation of iron oxide. Curiously, the characteristic doublet D2 is converted into D1 upon exposure to air.
Real-time correlation of crystallization and segmental order in conjugated polymers
Authors: Luo Shaochuan , Li Yukun , Li Nan , Cao Zhiqiang , Zhang Song , Ocheje Michael U. , Gu Xiaodan , Rondeau-Gagné Simon , Xue Gi , Wang Sihong , Zhou Dongshan , Xu Jie
Published: October 2023

A novel approach with a combination of stage-type fast scanning calorimetry and micro-Raman spectroscopy is developed to give a comprehensive understanding of how anisotropic CPs form segmentally ordered structures with ongoing crystallization.
Significant increase of the photoresponse range and conductivity for a chalcogenide semiconductor by viologen coating through charge transfer
Authors: Song Tian-Tian , Huang Wei-Qiang , Jiang Kai-Bin , Chen Wen-Fa , Zhou Yu , Bian Hong-Yi , Wang Ming-Sheng , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: October 2023

Widening photoresponse range while improving electrical properties are achieved by using viologen charge-transfer coating on semiconductors, potentially reducing costs for photodetectors or increasing power conversion efficiency for solar cells.
A robust epoxy nanocomposite with iron oxide decorated cellulose nanofiber as a sustained drug delivery vehicle for antibacterial drugs
Authors: Borah Nobomi , Rather Muzamil Ahmad , Bhar Bibrita , Mandal Biman B. , Mandal Manabendra , Karak Niranjan
Published: October 2023

Sustainably derived nanoparticles and their nanohybrids are crucial for developing energy efficient polymeric materials.
N, S co-doped coal-based activated carbon as a high-efficiency and durable metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wu Xueyan , Yang Yang , Lv Yan , Zhang Xiuli , Li Jiaxin , Guo Jixi
Published: October 2023

The development of efficient and stable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial to enable practical large-scale application of Zn–air batteries (ZABs).
An artificially re-structured PEDOT:PSS/konjac glucomannan sponge toward high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding from gigahertz to terahertz bands
Authors: Sun Haowen , Wo Zihao , Su Yier , Ma Hua , Zhang Xiwen
Published: October 2023

The entire world has been reshaped with the development of wireless communication.
A nanozyme-reinforced injectable photodynamic hydrogel for combating biofilm infection
Authors: Zhang Junqing , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Shen , Zhu Hao , Zhang Yaoxin , Li Linpei , Liu Chaoqun , Shi Jiahua
Published: October 2023

Here, an oxygen self-supplying nanozyme-based injectable hydrogel is constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicate that the MTC gel has excellent antibiofilm ability with no side effects on normal tissues.
Realizing enhanced thermoelectric performance in an n-type Mg3(Bi,Sb)2-based film
Authors: Bano Sahiba , Peng Ying , Aizawa Takashi , Chetty Raju , Mori Takao
Published: October 2023

Zintl phase Mg3(Bi,Sb)2-based materials have garnered significant interest in recent times due to their potential in room-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Phishing detection on Ethereum via transaction subgraphs embedding
Authors: Lv Haifeng , Ding Yong
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of blockchain technology in the financial sector, the security of blockchain is being put to the test due to an increase in phishing fraud. Therefore, it is essential to study more effective measures and better solutions. Graph models have been proven to provide abundant information for downstream assignments. In this study, a graph‐based embedding classification method is proposed for phishing detection on Ethereum by modeling its transaction records using subgraphs. Initially, the transaction data of normal addresses and an equal number of confirmed phishing addresses are collected through web crawling. Multiple subgraphs using the collected transaction records are constructed, with each subgraph containing a target address and its nearby transaction network. To extract features of the addresses, a modified Graph2Vec model called imgraph2vec is designed, which considers block height, timestamp, and amount of transactions. Finally, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is employed to detect phishing and normal addresses. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good performance in phishing detection, indicating the effectiveness of imgraph2vec in feature acquisition of transaction networks compared to existing models.
Distributed reactive power management in multi‐agent energy systems considering voltage profile improvement
Authors: Tofighi‐Milani Mahyar , Fattaheian‐Dehkordi Sajjad , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Lehtonen Matti
Published: October 2023

In recent years, distributed structures have been developed in distribution networks as a result of privatization as well as integration of independently operated distributed energy resources (DERs) into the grid. In this context, effective management techniques seem to be necessary to enable decentralized operation of systems that have been consisted of multiple agents. Accordingly, novel management schemes should be applied in such systems to enable the distributed reactive power management, which would finally improve voltage profile in the network. As a result, this paper develops a distributed algorithm for reactive power management in multi‐agent distribution systems with the aim of improving the voltage profile of the grid. Correspondingly, in the proposed framework, several cost functions are developed to model the effects of reactive power management on the system from the distribution system operator (DSO) as well as agents’ perspectives. Consequently, the proposed reactive power management algorithm would result in voltage profile improvement, while each agent of the system merely strives to maximize its own profits. Accordingly, the proposed scheme ensures the privacy of independent agents. Finally, the proposed scheme is applied on the modified IEEE‐37‐bus test system to investigate its effectiveness on Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) reactive power management in multi‐agent systems.
Short‐term origin‐destination demand forecasting in bus rapid transit based on dual attentive multi‐scale convolutional network
Authors: Li Xinyi , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2023

The short‐term origin‐destination (OD) forecast in bus rapid transit (BRT) can provide future OD demand, which means that transport plan personnel can take measures in advance, such as adjusting the departure schedule, to avoid congestion. This emphasizes the importance of accurate and stable OD forecasting in real‐time. Deep learning methods have been widely applied due to their superior performance in capturing dynamic spatiotemporal and nonlinear features. However, current methods based on deep learning and data‐driven cannot simultaneously address the problems of data availability and sparsity, and their ability to capture dynamic spatiotemporal patterns is insufficient, which cannot provide satisfactory accuracy and stability. To address these problems, this paper proposes a method for forecasting the OD demand in BRT based on dual attention multi‐scale convolutional network (DAMSCN). Considering the three temporal properties of OD, that is, closeness, period and trend dependencies. DAMSCN uses multi‐scale convolution (MSC), dual attention mechanism (DAt) and stacked convolutional long short‐term memory networks (ConvLSTM) to model the three kinds of properties. The MSC module converts sparse OD information into dense useful features to solve the problem of data sparsity. The DAt and ConvLSTM module model the dependencies relationship in the spatial and temporal dimensions, which can improve the spatiotemporal features extraction ability. DAMSCN also combine inflow information to enhance data availability. The three properties are dynamically aggregated and further integrated with external influences (e.g. weather conditions etc.) to obtain the final forecasting result. The accuracy and stability are evaluated on the Xiamen BRT (XMBRT) and Shanghai Metro datasets (SHMetro). The experimental results show that the DAMSCN is superior to other method. Compared to the best baseline, on the XMBRT, MAE decreased by 8.60%, and RMSE decreased by 4.81%. On the SHMetro, MAE decreased by 7.22%, and RMSE decreased by 8.96%.
2–18 GHz dual‐polarised tightly coupled dipole array with ±75° scanning range
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Liang , Qu Shi‐Wei , Xia Mingyao , Yang Shiwen
Published: October 2023

The authors proposed an ultrawideband (UWB) dual‐polarised tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA). A split X‐shaped resistive frequency selective surface (FSS) is utilised, which can get more admirable impedance matching. The proposed antenna can achieve active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2.9 when scanning up to ±75° and ±60° in the E and H planes from 2 to 18 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, two rectangular patches served as directors are designed, which can provide stronger forward radiation to reduce the loss of resistive FSS for radiation efficiency. As a result, the average radiation efficiency is above 84% and the lowest radiation efficiency is 70%. Moreover, the overall antenna profile is 15 mm (0.1λ at the largest working wavelength). To validate the design method, a 16 × 16 array prototype is fabricated and measured. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and measurements.
GA-NIFS: The ultra-dense, interacting environment of a dual AGN at z ∼ 3.3 revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
Authors: Perna M. , Arribas S. , Marshall M. , D’Eugenio F. , Übler H. , Bunker A. , Charlot S. , Carniani S. , Jakobsen P. , Maiolino R. , Rodríguez Del Pino B. , Willott C. J. , Böker T. , Circosta C. , Cresci G. , Curti M. , Husemann B. , Kumari N. , Lamperti I. , Pérez-González P. G. , Scholtz J.
Published: October 2023

Context. LBQS 0302−0019 is a blue quasar (QSO) at z ∼ 3.3 that hosts powerful outflows and resides in a complex environment consisting of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate and multiple companions, all within 30 kpc in projection.

Aims. We aim to characterise this complex system using JWST NIRSpec Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) observations obtained as part of the NIRSpec IFS GTO programme “Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS” (GA-NIFS); these data cover the QSO rest-frame optical emission lines with a spatial resolution of ∼0.1″ and a sampling of 0.05″ (∼380 pc) over a contiguous sky area of ∼3″ × 3″ (23 × 23 kpc2).

Methods. We developed a procedure to correct for the spurious oscillations (or “wiggles”) in NIRSpec single-spaxel spectra caused by the spatial under-sampling of the point spread function. We performed a QSO–host decomposition with the QDEBLEND3D tools. We used multi-component kinematic decomposition of the optical emission line profiles to infer the physical properties of the emitting gas in the QSO environment.

Results. The QSO–host decomposition allows us to identify both a low- and a high-velocity component. The former possibly traces a warm rotating disk with a dynamical mass Mdyn ∼ 1011 M⊙ and a rotation-to-random motion ratio vrot/σ0 ∼ 2. The other kinematic component traces a spatially unresolved ionised outflow with a velocity of ∼1000 km s−1 and an outflow mass rate of ∼104 M⊙ yr−1. We clearly detect eight companion objects close to LBQS 0302−0019. For two of them, we detect a regular velocity field that likely traces rotating gas, and we infer individual dynamical masses of ≈1010 M⊙. Another companion shows evidence of gravitational interaction with the QSO host. Optical line ratios confirm the presence of a second, obscured AGN ∼20 kpc from the primary QSO; the dual AGN dominates the ionisation state of the gas in the entire NIRSpec field of view.

Conclusions. This work has unveiled in unprecedented detail the complex environment of LBQS 0302−0019, which includes its host galaxy, a close obscured AGN, and nine interacting companions (five of which were previously unknown), all within 30 kpc of the QSO. Our results support a scenario where mergers can trigger dual AGN and can be important drivers of rapid early supermassive black hole growth.
Backstreaming ions at a high Mach number interplanetary shock
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Gedalin M. , Lalti A. , Trotta D. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Johlander A. , Vainio R. , Blanco-Cano X. , Kajdič P. , Owen C. J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F.
Published: October 2023

Context.Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores in situ plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensing observations of the Sun. The mission aims to study the solar wind, but also transient structures such as interplanetary coronal mass ejections and stream interaction regions. These structures often contain a leading shock wave that can differ from other plasma shock waves, such as those around planets. Importantly, the Mach number of these interplanetary shocks is typically low (1–3) compared to planetary bow shocks and most astrophysical shocks. However, our shock survey revealed that on 30 October 2021, Solar Orbiter measured a shock with an Alfvén Mach number above 6, which can be considered high in this context.

Aims.Our study examines particle observations for the 30 October 2021 shock. The particles provide clear evidence of ion reflection up to several minutes upstream of the shock. Additionally, the magnetic and electric field observations contain complex electromagnetic structures near the shock, and we aim to investigate how they are connected to ion dynamics. The main goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the complex coupling between particles and the shock structure in high Mach number regimes of interplanetary shocks.

Methods.We used observations of magnetic and electric fields, probe-spacecraft potential, and thermal and energetic particles to characterize the structure of the shock front and particle dynamics. Furthermore, ion velocity distribution functions were used to study reflected ions and their coupling to the shock. To determine shock parameters and study waves, we used several methods, including cold plasma theory, singular-value decomposition, minimum variance analysis, and shock Rankine-Hugoniot relations. To support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data, test-particle analysis, and hybrid particle in-cell simulations were used.

Results.The ion velocity distribution functions show clear evidence of particle reflection in the form of backstreaming ions several minutes upstream. The shock structure has complex features at the ramp and whistler precursors. The backstreaming ions may be modulated by the complex shock structure, and the whistler waves are likely driven by gyrating ions in the foot. Supra-thermal ions up to 20 keV were observed, but shock-accelerated particles with energies above this were not.
Very massive star models
Authors: Martinet Sébastien , Meynet Georges , Ekström Sylvia , Georgy Cyril , Hirschi Raphael
Published: October 2023

Context. In addition to being spectacular objects, very massive stars (VMSs) are suspected to have a tremendous impact on their environment and on cosmic evolution in general. The nucleosynthesis both during their advanced stages and their final explosion may contribute greatly to the overall enrichment of the Universe. Their resulting supernovae are candidates for the most superluminous events possible and their extreme conditions also lead to very important radiative and mechanical feedback effects, from local to cosmic scale.

Aims. We explore the impact of rotation and metallicity on the evolution of VMSs over cosmic time.

Methods. With the recent implementation of an equation of state in the GENEC stellar evolution code, which is appropriate for describing the conditions in the central regions of very massive stars in their advanced phases, we present new results on VMS evolution from Population III to solar metallicity.

Results. Low-metallicity VMS models are highly sensitive to rotation, while the evolution of higher-metallicity models is dominated by mass-loss effects. The mass loss strongly affects their surface velocity evolution, breaking quickly at high metallicity while reaching the critical velocity for low-metallicity models. Comparison to observed VMSs in the LMC shows that the mass-loss prescriptions used for these models are compatible with observed mass-loss rates. In our framework for modeling rotation, our models of VMS need a high initial velocity in order to reproduce the observed surface velocities. The surface enrichment of these VMSs is difficult to explain with only one initial composition, and could suggest multiple populations in the R136 cluster. At a metallicity typical of R136, only our non- or slowly rotating VMS models may produce pair-instability supernovae. The most massive black holes that can be formed are less massive than about 60 M⊙.

Conclusions. Direct observational constraints on VMS are still scarce. Future observational campaigns will hopefully gather more pieces of information to guide the theoretical modeling of these objects, whose impacts can be very important. VMS tables are available at the CDS.