bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiências de práticas de cuidado farmacêutico para pessoas surdas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Paula Kamila Couto de , Francisco Gildete da Silva Amorim Mendes , Sá Tatiane Militão de , Miranda Elaine Silva
Published: January 2022

Educação no contexto da promoção e recuperação da saúde e prevenção de doenças é uma prática importante e contribui para a compreensão do paciente surdo sobre o seu processo de saúde-doença-cuidado. O objetivo dessa revisão é identificar experiências de inclusão envolvendo pessoas com surdez no âmbito das práticas de cuidados farmacêuticos. Para o desenvolvimento, considerou-se analisar as publicações indexadas de cinco bases de dados, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase e Pubmed. As combinações dos descritores constituíram-se pelos operadores booleanos AND e OR: ((Deaf OR Deafness OR “Hearing loss” [All Fields]) AND (Pharmaceutical Services [All Fields] OR Pharmaceutical Care [All Fields])) e ((Deaf OR Deafness OR “Hearing loss” [All Fields]) AND (“Pharmaceutical Services” [All Fields] OR “Pharmaceutical Care” [All Fields])). Foram analisados os artigos nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, no período de janeiro de 2011 a setembro de 2021. Os resultados das buscas contemplaram estudos do tipo transversal, qualitativo e quali-quantitativo. Os achados apontaram lacunas no que tange às experiências de farmacêuticos e/ou alunos de graduação em Farmácia sobre educação em saúde para surdos, onze artigos destacam sobre os serviços farmacêuticos. A barreira linguística é um desafio, que necessita ser superado, para que o paciente surdo consiga adquirir informações necessárias sobre a utilização de medicamentos e educação em saúde. Podemos concluir que existem estudos relevantes sobre a oferta e promoção de cuidados farmacêuticos para pessoas surdas, sendo essas estabelecidas em diferentes cenários.
Perfil materno, gestacional e classificação de Robson por tipo de parto ocorridos em Cáceres-MT
Authors: Santos Cynthia Silva , Souza Júlia Salomé de , Campos Adryelle Lemes de , Hartwig Shaiana Vilella
Published: January 2022

Introdução: O parto é uma experiência particular e importante na vida de um casal, para mulher envolve outros sentimentos por ser a principal envolvida, assim, a enfermagem obstétrica pode ser um potencial facilitador nas ações de educação e saúde durante o ciclo gravídico puerperal, para o empoderamento da mulher. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil materno, gestacional e a escala de Robson por tipo de partos ocorridos em Cáceres-MT entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Método: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, analítico, longitudinal, retrospectivo de natureza quantitativa através de dados secundários do banco de dados do DATASUS. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados mostram semelhança entre o perfil materno e obstétrico das puérperas independente da via de parto, na escala de Robson os partos normais tiveram maiores taxas nos grupos 3, 1 e 10 e nos partos cesáreos prevaleceu os grupos 5, 1 e 10.  Conclusão: Foi possível traçar o perfil socioeconômico e obstétrico das puérperas usuárias do serviço obstétrico do município de Cáceres, além de avaliar pela classificação de Robson que a maioria da população estudada é elegível para o parto normal conforme seu perfil obstétrico, sendo fundamental profissionais capacitados e condições adequadas para que isso ocorra.
Alterações no sistema auditivo de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: revisão sistemática
Authors: Lima Ariele Júllian Santos , Nascimento Thamyres Souza , Caldas Érica Alessandra
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre as principais alterações no sistema auditivode crianças e adolescentes com AIDS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura, que tem aseguinte pergunta norteadora: quais são as alterações no sistema auditivo encontradas em crianças e adolescentes acometidos pela Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida? A estratégia de busca da pesquisa se deu através da combinação de cinco descritores extraídos do DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde) em dois idiomas: português e inglês. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: “perda auditiva”, “síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida”, “crianças”, “adolescentes” e “perda auditiva central”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos originais, publicações a partir de 2011, nos idiomas inglês e português que envolviam a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida no público infantil e adolescente. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos relataram alterações audiológicas a nível periférico e central. Em relação ao sistema auditivo periférico, a complicação mais descrita foi a perda auditiva e, apesar do público em questão ser susceptível aos diversos tipos desta patologia, a mais encontrada na literatura foi a perda auditiva condutiva. No que diz respeito ao nível central da audição, alterações no processamento auditivo central foram descritos nos estudos, pois o sistema nervoso central pode servir de reservatório para o HIV, afetando as vias auditivas centrais. Conclusão: As alterações auditivas em crianças e adolescentes acometidos pela Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida mais encontradas na literatura foram: perda auditiva do tipo condutiva e complicações no processamento auditivo central.
Lobomycosis post long-term corticosteroid therapy: a case report
Authors: Saputra Herman , Sriwidyani Ni Putu , Paskarani Putu Erika , Tanaka Tanaka
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A lobomicose é uma das infecções fúngicas mais raramente relatadas em todo o mundo. A maioria dos casos relatados de lobomicose é endêmica na América Central e do Sul, especialmente em torno da Amazônia. As áreas do corpo afetadas geralmente são as orelhas, extremidades inferiores, extremidades superiores, rosto, tórax e costas. Objetivo: apresentar a evolução da lobomicose após corticoterapia de longa duração. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo do tipo relato de caso, cujos dados foram obtidos no prontuário do paciente. Apresentação do caso: Este artigo relata uma mulher de 23 anos, que sofreu feridas que cobriam quase toda a superfície do corpo sem qualquer febre. Ao exame físico, foram encontradas múltiplas úlceras com maceração das bordas da ferida e múltiplas saliências avermelhadas nas regiões anterior e posterior do tronco. Não há aparecimento de quelóides. O paciente tinha história de pênfigo vulgar e pênfigo vegetante e estava em uso de corticoterapia por longo prazo. O exame microbiológico não revelou crescimento de fungos. O exame histopatológico do tecido com coloração de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS) confirmou o diagnóstico de lobomicose. Conclusão: Com base nos achados clínicos e laboratoriais, o paciente foi diagnosticado com Lobomicose.
Estudo sobre correlação do desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial e local de trabalho em operadores da área da saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ramos José Horácio Bairros , Santos Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos
Published: January 2022

Os estudos sobre a correlação hipertensão arterial e trabalho são insuficientes para que se tenha um quadro dos riscos à que estes estão sujeitos diariamente. A revisão de literatura foi conduzida por meio de pesquisa em base de dados científicas. Objetivo: Sintetizar o que se tem na literatura acerca da correlação do ambiente de trabalho e o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial. Metodologia: Projetou-se a seguinte questão sobre o tema: O que os estudos já realizados, sobre a correlação do ambiente de trabalho, conseguiram definir sobre os efeitos deste no desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial? Para a pesquisa desta revisão foi realizada uma busca on line nas bases de dados: CAPES, CENTRAL, SciELO, BVS, MEDLINE, Google Acadêmico, LILACS e Redalyc. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 artigos, entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2021, que indicam que os fatores: regime terapêutico; aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos; relação com os serviços e profissionais de saúde; aspectos psicossociais e culturais; e apoio familiar e social, incidem no desenvolvimento da hipertensão. Discussão: A hipertensão é uma doença silenciosa e de difícil diagnóstico, com uma maior prevalência em adultos, o que acarreta perda produtiva com consequências negativas para o servidor e a instituição. Conclusão: Os estudos apontam que o ambiente onde está o trabalhador, a carga e o turno de trabalho influenciam significativamente no surgimento da hipertensão arterial. Identificar o perfil de hipertensão tem como propósito planejar ações preventivas que possam melhorar estas condições.
Avaliação funcional de idosos atendidos na Atenção Básica
Authors: Souza Daiany Costa , Rocha Emilia Sampaio , Diniz Thiago Sales
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde em idosos. Metodologia: Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado para coleta de dados sociodemográficos, foram avaliados através das escalas de KATZ e de LAWTON também sendo avaliada a mobilidade através do TESTE TIME GET UP AND GO TEST. Resultado: O estudo foi composto por 15 homens e 28 mulheres. Tivemos predominância de idosos com faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos e casados. Maior prevalência de baixa escolaridade, aposentados e agricultores. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi a doença de maior prevalência. O maior percentual de idosos recebem assistência de médico, enfermagem e dos agentes comunitários de saúde. Na avaliação da escala de Katz, mostram-se independentes. Na escala de Lawton, 87% dos homens e 86% das mulheres são independentes. Já quanto ao risco de quedas, 76,7% dos idosos apresentaram médio risco. Conclusão: Todos os objetivos impostos nesta pesquisa, foram alcançados com clareza e ao observar todos esses achados, seria de suma importância, aplicar um protocolo de exercícios fisioterapêuticos para estes idosos.
Cuidado em Saúde de adolescentes cumprindo medida socioeducativa
Authors: Carvalho Junior Wellington Santos de , Silva Dina Mara Formiga da , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: January 2022

A adolescência é um momento importante para a adoção de boas práticas e estabelecimento de autonomia, mas também de exposição a fatores de risco comportamentais, com implicações na saúde em curto e longo prazo. No entanto, os cuidados prestados à saúde no contexto de privação de liberdade ocupam plano secundário, assim como ocorre com as ações de promoção à saúde, sendo ambas essenciais para integrar o adolescente ao contexto social e para promover fatores de proteção e reduzir riscos. Desse modo, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos adolescentes e profissionais inseridos em uma unidade de atendimento socioeducativo sobre os cuidados em saúde na adolescência. Trata-se de um estudo metodológica, de natureza qualitativa, realizado no Centro Socioeducativo São Miguel, participaram da pesquisa, os adolescentes com idade de 15 a 18 anos e profissionais do centro. A análise evidenciou um déficit no conhecimento sobre cuidados em saúde. Considerando, pois, que as unidades de atendimento socioeducativo e as medidas socioeducativas, originalmente concebidas como estratégias de reinserção social, apontam mais para as fragilidades do que para o êxito de seus propósitos, acredita-se que o caráter reparador da aplicação de medida socioeducativa necessita estar associado ao cuidado e à promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida, a partir da criação de estratégias educativas que possibilitem uma possível modificação de comportamento, gerada por meio de motivação ao adquirir conhecimento sobre determinado tema, associada ao desejo de práticas de vida saudáveis que gerem qualidade de vida.
ANALISIS SOAL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL (HOTS) BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM UJIAN SEKOLAH SMP NEGERI 4 DUMAI
Authors: Rifana Rifka , Burhanudin Dudung , Septiyanti Elvrin
Published: January 2022

This research is a teaching field research on the analysis of the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) type of exam questions for Nineth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 4 Dumai. The problem examined in this study is how many levels of HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) questions are contained in the school exam questions. This type of research is quantitative. The source of the data in this study came from the document of the school exam questions for Indonesian subjects for nineth grade students of SMP Negeri 4 Dumai for the 2019/2020 academic year, which consisted of 40 multiple choice questions. The results of this study indicate that 32.5% are classified as HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) questions and 67.5% are classified as MOTS (Middle Order Thinking Skills)
LIGHTWEIGHT MORTAR GEOPOLIMER BASED ON FLY ASH AND PALM ASH
Authors: Edowinsyah Edowinsyah , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: January 2022

This research discusses the use of alumunium powder in the manufacture of geopolymer mortar made from fly ash and palm ash, with the aim of knowing the optimal amount of alumunium powder mixture against the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar. The research method used experimental methods in the laboratory, to examine the compressive strength of different geopolymer mortar tests used in the form of cubes measuring 5 x 5 x 5 cm with a mixture composition of NaOH: Na2SiO3 = 1: 2.5, Activator: Precursor = 1: 1, Fine Aggregate: Precursor = 1.5: 1 Concentration of NaOH = 12 M for the ratio of fly ash use: palm ash = 75: 25% using alumunium powder as much as 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%. Mortar strength testing was carried out after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of maintenance

The compressive strength results obtained in each composition of the geopolymer mortar mixture are for geopolymer mortar without a mixture of alumunium powder as large as Mpa, for geopolymer mortar with a mixture of alumunium powder as much as 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% have a compressive strength of 20.9 Mpa, 15.2 Mpa, 12.7 Mpa Dan 9,7 Mpa
Developmentally appropriate pedagogies and training needs among Senior High School teachers in the new normal: a comparative study
Authors: Abuda Ben Fermin Quitorio , Rivera Kareen Dionesia R , Orque Jestoni C
Published: January 2022

In-service training programs in any organization enable employees to carry out their responsibilities concerning the organizations' standard and effective delivery. In the pandemic, there is an uprising concern among educators on delivering instruction and their readiness to do so. Hence, a descriptive-comparative approach was conducted to investigate senior high school teachers' readiness on developmentally appropriate pedagogies and their training needs. The data was collected using a researcher-developed electronic-based survey instrument thru Google Form among 35 senior high school teachers in Dolores National High School. The data analyses include mean computation in assessing respondents' level of academic competence, the median for readiness on developmentally appropriate pedagogies and training needs, and non-parametric Mann Whitney U-test and Kruskal Wallis H-test on the significant difference of teacher readiness when compared according to their academic competence indicators. Findings revealed that the majority of the senior high school teachers possessed low academic competence, were exposed to developmentally appropriate pedagogies on teaching methods and modes of assessment and needed immediate training in managing learners with multiple intelligences and learning styles and provided instruction via electronic or distance learning mode. Also, results revealed a significant gap in the respondents' exposure to developmentally appropriate teaching methods compared to their training acquired (p = .002). Hence, the researcher recommends reviewing schools' in-service training and directing them in preparing senior high school teachers to deliver new-normal-based education.
Nanoenviroments of the β-Subunit of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Adult Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Cruz-Garcia Yiliam , Barkovits Katalin , Kohlhaas Michael , Pickel Simone , Gulentz Michelle , Heindl Cornelia , Pfeiffer Kathy , Eder-Negrin Petra , Maack Christoph , Marcus Katrin , Kuhn Michaela , Miranda-Laferte Erick
Published: January 2022

In cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) following membrane depolarization regulates crucial Ca2+-dependent processes including duration and amplitude of the action potentials and excitation-contraction coupling. LTCCs are heteromultimeric proteins composed of the Cavα1, Cavβ, Cavα2δ and Cavγ subunits. Here, using ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2)-mediated proximity labeling and quantitative proteomics, we identified 61 proteins in the nanoenvironments of Cavβ2 in cardiomyocytes. These proteins are involved in diverse cellular functions such as cellular trafficking, cardiac contraction, sarcomere organization and excitation-contraction coupling. Moreover, pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Cavβ2 interacts with the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) in adult cardiomyocytes, probably coupling LTCCs and the RyR2 into a supramolecular complex at the dyads. This interaction is mediated by the Src-homology 3 domain of Cavβ2 and is necessary for an effective pacing frequency-dependent increase of the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism in cardiomyocytes.
OPA1 Modulates Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Through ER-Mitochondria Coupling
Authors: Cartes-Saavedra Benjamín , Macuada Josefa , Lagos Daniel , Arancibia Duxan , Andrés María E. , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Hajnóczky György , Eisner Verónica
Published: January 2022

Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA), a disease that causes blindness and other neurological disorders, is linked to OPA1 mutations. OPA1, dependent on its GTPase and GED domains, governs inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) fusion and cristae organization, which are central to oxidative metabolism. Mitochondrial dynamics and IMM organization have also been implicated in Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling but the specific involvements of OPA1 in Ca2+ dynamics remain to be established. Here we studied the possible outcomes of OPA1 and its ADOA-linked mutations in Ca2+ homeostasis using rescue and overexpression strategies in Opa1-deficient and wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), respectively and in human ADOA-derived fibroblasts. MEFs lacking Opa1 required less Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to induce a mitochondrial matrix [Ca2+] rise ([Ca2+]mito). This was associated with closer ER-mitochondria contacts and no significant changes in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Patient cells carrying OPA1 GTPase or GED domain mutations also exhibited altered Ca2+ homeostasis, and the mutations associated with lower OPA1 levels displayed closer ER-mitochondria gaps. Furthermore, in Opa1−/− MEF background, we found that acute expression of OPA1 GTPase mutants but no GED mutants, partially restored cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]cyto) needed for a prompt [Ca2+]mito rise. Finally, OPA1 mutants’ overexpression in WT MEFs disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, partially recapitulating the observations in ADOA patient cells. Thus, OPA1 modulates functional ER-mitochondria coupling likely through the OPA1 GED domain in Opa1−/− MEFs. However, the co-existence of WT and mutant forms of OPA1 in patients promotes an imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis without a domain-specific effect, likely contributing to the overall ADOA progress.
Identification of the Host Substratome of Leishmania-Secreted Casein Kinase 1 Using a SILAC-Based Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Assay
Authors: Smirlis Despina , Dingli Florent , Sabatet Valentin , Roth Aileen , Knippschild Uwe , Loew Damarys , Späth Gerald F. , Rachidi Najma
Published: January 2022

Leishmaniasis is a severe public health problem, caused by the protozoanLeishmania. This parasite has two developmental forms, extracellular promastigote in the insect vector and intracellular amastigote in the mammalian host where it resides inside the phagolysosome of macrophages. Little is known about the virulence factors that regulate host-pathogen interactions and particularly host signalling subversion. All the proteomes ofLeishmaniaextracellular vesicles identified the presence ofLeishmaniacasein kinase 1 (L-CK1.2), a signalling kinase. L-CK1.2 is essential for parasite survival and thus might be essential for host subversion. To get insights into the functions of L-CK1.2 in the macrophage, the systematic identification of its host substrates is crucial, we thus developed an easy method to identify substrates, combining phosphatase treatment,in vitrokinase assay and Stable Isotope Labelling with Amino acids in Cell (SILAC) culture-based mass spectrometry. Implementing this approach, we identified 225 host substrates as well as a potential novel phosphorylation motif for CK1. We confirmed experimentally the enrichment of our substratome in bona fide L-CK1.2 substrates and showed they were also phosphorylated by human CK1δ. L-CK1.2 substratome is enriched in biological processes such as “viral and symbiotic interaction,” “actin cytoskeleton organisation” and “apoptosis,” which are consistent with the host pathways modified byLeishmaniaupon infection, suggesting that L-CK1.2 might be the missing link. Overall, our results generate important mechanistic insights into the signalling of host subversion by these parasites and other microbial pathogens adapted for intracellular survival.
The Sperm Protein Spaca6 is Essential for Fertilization in Zebrafish
Authors: Binner Mirjam I. , Kogan Anna , Panser Karin , Schleiffer Alexander , Deneke Victoria E. , Pauli Andrea
Published: January 2022

Fertilization is a key process in all sexually reproducing species, yet the molecular mechanisms that underlie this event remain unclear. To date, only a few proteins have been shown to be essential for sperm-egg binding and fusion in mice, and only some are conserved across vertebrates. One of these conserved, testis-expressed factors is SPACA6, yet its function has not been investigated outside of mammals. Here we show that zebrafish spaca6 encodes for a sperm membrane protein which is essential for fertilization. Zebrafish spaca6 knockout males are sterile. Furthermore, Spaca6-deficient sperm have normal morphology, are motile, and can approach the egg, but fail to bind to the egg and therefore cannot complete fertilization. Interestingly, sperm lacking Spaca6 have decreased levels of another essential and conserved sperm fertility factor, Dcst2, revealing a previously unknown dependence of Dcst2 expression on Spaca6. Together, our results show that zebrafish Spaca6 regulates Dcst2 levels and is required for binding between the sperm membrane and the oolemma. This is in contrast to murine sperm lacking SPACA6, which was reported to be able to bind but unable to fuse with oocytes. These findings demonstrate that Spaca6 is essential for zebrafish fertilization and is a conserved sperm factor in vertebrate reproduction.
RETRACTED: BCNet: A Novel Network for Blood Cell Classification
Authors: Zhu Ziquan , Lu Siyuan , Wang Shui-Hua , Górriz Juan Manuel , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: January 2022

Aims: Most blood diseases, such as chronic anemia, leukemia (commonly known as blood cancer), and hematopoietic dysfunction, are caused by environmental pollution, substandard decoration materials, radiation exposure, and long-term use certain drugs. Thus, it is imperative to classify the blood cell images. Most cell classification is based on the manual feature, machine learning classifier or the deep convolution network neural model. However, manual feature extraction is a very tedious process, and the results are usually unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the deep convolution neural network is usually composed of massive layers, and each layer has many parameters. Therefore, each deep convolution neural network needs a lot of time to get the results. Another problem is that medical data sets are relatively small, which may lead to overfitting problems.

Methods: To address these problems, we propose seven models for the automatic classification of blood cells: BCARENet, BCR5RENet, BCMV2RENet, BCRRNet, BCRENet, BCRSNet, and BCNet. The BCNet model is the best model among the seven proposed models. The backbone model in our method is selected as the ResNet-18, which is pre-trained on the ImageNet set. To improve the performance of the proposed model, we replace the last four layers of the trained transferred ResNet-18 model with the three randomized neural networks (RNNs), which are RVFL, ELM, and SNN. The final outputs of our BCNet are generated by the ensemble of the predictions from the three randomized neural networks by the majority voting. We use four multi-classification indexes for the evaluation of our model.

Results: The accuracy, average precision, average F1-score, and average recall are 96.78, 97.07, 96.78, and 96.77%, respectively.

Conclusion: We offer the comparison of our model with state-of-the-art methods. The results of the proposed BCNet model are much better than other state-of-the-art methods.
A Semi-Quantitative Assay to Measure Glycosaminoglycan Degradation by the Urinary Microbiota
Authors: Nguyen Vivian H. , Khan Fatima , Shipman Braden M. , Neugent Michael L. , Hulyalkar Neha V. , Cha Natalie Y. , Zimmern Philippe E. , De Nisco Nicole J.
Published: January 2022

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides and are among the primary components of mucosal surfaces in mammalian systems. The GAG layer lining the mucosal surface of the urinary tract is thought to play a critical role in urinary tract homeostasis and provide a barrier against urinary tract infection (UTI). This key component of the host-microbe interface may serve as a scaffolding site or a nutrient source for the urinary microbiota or invading pathogens, but its exact role in UTI pathogenesis is unclear. Although members of the gut microbiota have been shown to degrade GAGs, the utilization and degradation of GAGs by the urinary microbiota or uropathogens had not been investigated. In this study, we developed an in vitro plate-based assay to measure GAG degradation and utilization and used this assay to screen a library of 37 urinary bacterial isolates representing both urinary microbiota and uropathogenic species. This novel assay is more rapid, inexpensive, and quantitative compared to previously developed assays, and can measure three of the major classes of human GAGs. Our findings demonstrate that this assay captures the well-characterized ability of Streptococcus agalactiae to degrade hyaluronic acid and partially degrade chondroitin sulfate. Additionally, we present the first known report of chondroitin sulfate degradation by Proteus mirabilis, an important uropathogen and a causative agent of acute, recurrent, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). In contrast, we observed that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and members of the urinary microbiota, including lactobacilli, were unable to degrade GAGs.
Reducing Climate Risks by Improving Food Production and Value Chains: A Case of Sandy Soils in Semi-arid Kenya
Authors: Nkurunziza Libère , Kuyah Shem , Nyawira Sylvia , Ng'ang'a Stanley Karanja , Musei Sylus , Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Karugu Winifred , Smucker Alvin , Öborn Ingrid
Published: January 2022

Due to climate change and variability, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent worldwide, causing significant reductions in agricultural production and food security. The livelihoods of smallholder farmers, especially those eking out a living by farming on sandy soils, are particularly affected. We examined this issue using the case of Makueni County, a semi-arid area with sandy soils in south-eastern Kenya. Using survey data from 202 households, we examined extreme weather events affecting smallholder farmers and current management strategies used to mitigate the consequences. We then performed field experiments to assess potential gains of implementing sub-surface water retention technology (SWRT) in the region. Finally, we held group discussions with stakeholders in food value chains (FVC) to identify ways of managing climate risks to smallholder farmers. Analysis of the survey data showed that 199 of 202 farmers surveyed had experienced an extreme event associated with climate change and variability during the previous five years. Of these 199 farmers, 161 reported having changed their farming practices to adapt, especially to drought (70%) and increased temperature (22%). Common adaptation practices included early planting, reducing the area under cultivation, and water harvesting. In the field experiments, using SWRT resulted in a 50, 100, 150, and 170% increase in maize grain yield, cob numbers, cob weight, and maize stover biomass, respectively, compared with the control (without SWRT). Stakeholder group discussions along the FVC demonstrated a need for synergy among actors to mitigate climate risks caused by extreme weather events. These findings suggest that diversification of management strategies at farm level, combined with external inputs (new technologies, improved seeds, etc.) and services (credit access, learning from peers and professionals), will be instrumental in reducing future climate risks to smallholder farmers. Improving access to viable markets and fostering mutually beneficial linkages with post-harvest processors would add value to farm produce, thus further increasing income and the capacity of smallholder farmers to manage climate risks.
A Multicenter Assessment of Anatomic Suitability for Iliac Branched Devices in Eastern Asian Patients With Unilateral and Bilateral Aortoiliac Aneurysms
Authors: Li Zheyun , Zhou Min , Wang Guili , Yuan Tong , Wang Enci , Zhao Yufei , Shu Xiaolong , Zhang Yuchong , Lin Peng , Fu Weiguo , Wang Lixin
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to assess the suitability of four types of commercial iliac branch device systems to treat Eastern Asian abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients with bilateral or unilateral common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAAs).

Methods: Patients with a coexisting AAA and a unilateral or bilateral CIAAs who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) at two tertiary centers in China from 2015 to 2017 were reviewed. Morphology of lesions was measured and the anatomic suitability for Cook iliac branch device (IBD), Gore iliac branch endoprosthesis (IBE), Lifetech iliac branch stent graft (IBSG), and Jotec IBD was evaluated according to the latest instructions for use.

Results: Seventy-six patients with AAA were enrolled, including 35 bilateral CIAAs, 41 unilateral CIAAs. A hundred and eleven lesions were investigated aggregately: 16.2, 28.8, 21.6, and 19.8% met the criteria for Cook IBD, Gore IBE, Lifetech IBSG, and Jotec IBD, respectively. A total of 34 (44.7%) patients could be treated for at least one lateral lesion. The diameter of the internal iliac artery (IIA) was the most common restriction for IBD application. Additionally, the IIA diameter of lesions in the bilateral group was significantly larger compared with the unilateral group (P < 0.001). Based on the anatomical characteristics alone, it is likely that IBDs will be more suitable for unilateral lesions than bilateral ones (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the suitability for patients with unilateral or bilateral CIAAs (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: Less than half of Eastern Asian patients with aortoiliac aneurysms were eligible for IBD application. This was primarily due to the IIA diameter failing to meet the criteria. And thus, the suitability of lesions in bilateral group was significantly lower than that in the unilateral group. Aiming to expand the indications and optimize the design of the iliac branch devices, IIA diameter and the anatomical characteristics of the bilateral lesions should be considered deliberately.
Selected Crater and Small Caldera Lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and Hazards
Authors: Waythomas Christopher F.
Published: January 2022

This study addresses the characteristics, potential hazards, and both eruptive and non-eruptive role of water at selected volcanic crater lakes in Alaska. Crater lakes are an important feature of some stratovolcanoes in Alaska. Of the volcanoes in the state with known Holocene eruptive activity, about one third have summit crater lakes. Also included are two volcanoes with small caldera lakes (Katmai, Kaguyak). The lakes play an important but not well studied role in influencing eruptive behavior and pose some significant hydrologic hazards. Floods from crater lakes in Alaska are evaluated by estimating maximum potential crater lake water volumes and peak outflow discharge with a dam-break model. Some recent eruptions and hydrologic events that involved crater lakes also are reviewed. The large volumes of water potentially hosted by crater lakes in Alaska indicate that significant flowage hazards resulting from catastrophic breaching of crater rims are possible. Estimates of maximum peak flood discharge associated with breaching of lake-filled craters derived from dam-break modeling indicate that flood magnitudes could be as large as 103–106 m3/s if summit crater lakes drain rapidly when at maximum volume. Many of the Alaska crater lakes discussed are situated in hydrothermally altered craters characterized by complex assemblages of stratified unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits, in a region known for large magnitude (>M7) earthquakes. Although there are only a few historical examples of eruptions involving crater lakes in Alaska, these provide noteworthy examples of the role of external water in cooling pyroclastic deposits, acidic crater-lake drainage, and water-related hazards such as lahars and base surge.
Drainage Density and Its Controlling Factors on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Gao Hongshan , Liu Fenliang , Yan Tianqi , Qin Lin , Li Zongmeng
Published: January 2022

The drainage density (Dd) is an important index to show fluvial geomorphology. The study onDdis helpful to understand the evolution of the whole hydrological and geomorphic process. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 90-m digital elevation model, the drainage network of basins along the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is extracted using a terrain morphology-based method in ArcGIS 10.3, andDdis calculated. The spatial characteristics ofDdare analyzed, and the relationship betweenDdand its influencing factors, e.g., the topography, precipitation, and vegetation coverage, is explored. Our results show that terrains with a plan curvature ≥3 can represent the channels in the study area.Ddranges from 2.5 to 0.1 km/km2, increases first, and then decreases from north to south on the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.Dddecreases with increasing average slope and average local relief. On the low-relief planation surfaces,Ddincreases with increasing altitude, while on the rugged mountainous above planation surfaces,Dddecreases rapidly with increasing altitude.Ddfirst increased and then decreased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), andDdreaches a maximum in the West Qinling Mountains with a semi-arid environment, indicating thatDdin different climatic regions of the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was mainly controlled by precipitation and vegetation.
Numerical Constraints on Folding and Thrusting in Jiudong Basin: Implication for the Northeastward Growth of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Qizhi , Hu Caibo , Orellana-Rovirosa Felipe , Zhou Longshou , Zhang Huai , Shi Yaolin
Published: January 2022

Under regional tectonic shortening in the northern margin of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the fold-and-thrust belts composed of four thrust faults (North Qilian-Shan, North Yumu-Shan, South Heli-Shan, and North Jintanan-Shan) formed from southwest to northeast discontinuously sequentially in the Jiudong Basin area during Late Cenozoic. Meanwhile, the North Qilian-Shan, Yumu-Shan, and Heli-Shan ranges were formed successively, as the Earth's local surface was unequally uplifted. In this study, based on geological and geophysical observations, a simple two-dimensional elastic-plastic numerical finite element method model for a southwest-northeast section in Jiudong Basin is successfully established to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of the local fold-and-thrust belts. Results show that the computed equivalent plastic strain concentration zones and the four observed thrust faults are consistently correlated in spatial position orientation and time sequence. The simulated upper-surface deformation is congruent with the observed topographic peaks and uplift sequences of the North Qilian-Shan, Yumu-Shan, and Heli-Shan ranges. This study provides a geodynamic basis for understanding the growth mechanism of the northern margin of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau under tectonic horizontal shortening. Also, we provide a thorough sensitivity analysis for the model parameters of this particular geologic setting. Our sensitivity simulations, considering systematic case variations about the regional geometrical-material parameters, suggest the manifestation of three different possible evolution patterns of fold-and-thrust belts for a wedge above a decollement layer, with wedge plastic deformation migrating from 1) thick to thin end (well-known), 2) thin to thick end, and 3) both ends to middle. Finally, our results suggest that in this region, further growth of mountain ranges is expected to continue in the future.
Deciphering the Late Paleozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic History of the Inner Central Andes Forearc: An Update From the Salar de Punta Negra Basin of Northern Chile
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Parra Mauricio , Gonzalez Rodrigo , López Cristopher , Ana Patiño , Muñoz Belén , Robledo Francisca , Sobel Edward R. , Glodny Johannes
Published: January 2022

We integrated new and existing geological, geochronological, thermochronological, and two-dimensional (2D) seismic data from the Salar de Punta Negra Basin to define the Late Paleozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the inner Andean forearc of northern Chile more precisely. Our results indicate that this region experienced early Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic crustal extension, creating several basement half-graben structures bounded by east- and west-dipping master faults. These extensional basins were filled by Upper Permian to Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary (continental and marine) syn-rift deposits. The genesis of these structures is related to the early breakup of the western Gondwana continent and the development of the large Tarapacá Basin in northern Chile and southern Perú. Subsequently, Late Cretaceous to Paleocene contraction occurred, which led to the tectonic inversion of the pre-existing rift system and the uplift of the Paleozoic–Mesozoic syn-rift deposits. Seismic data show that Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene synorogenic deposits accumulated along and over inversion anticlines, recording the initial contraction and marking the change from an extensional to a contractional tectonic setting. During the final episodes of basin inversion, crustal shortening was accommodated by the Eocene to recent basement reverse faulting accompanied by the rapid exhumation of basement pre-rift blocks, which served as the principal sources for the sediments that filled the pre-Andean basins during the Late Cenozoic. Finally, the exhumed basement pre-rift blocks and the reverse faults compartmentalized the contractional intermontane basins, which constitute the main low topographic relief of the inner forearc of northern Chile.
Evaluation of the Emergency Remote Learning of Veterinary Anatomy During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Global Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. , Ewaida Zamzam M.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The present study assessed the shift to remote teaching of veterinary anatomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic based on students’ perspectives.

Methods: Participants were invited to answer an anonymous online Google Form questionnaire using the snowball sampling method. Only students who studied anatomy online during the COVID-19 lockdown period were eligible to answer the questionnaire. A mixed-method research design was used to evaluate students’ perspectives.

Results: A total of 961 participants were enrolled in this study from 87 countries and six continents. Data showed that the majority of students (81.6%) were interested in studying anatomy online during the COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, approximately 82% of students were comfortable with the technological skills, and approximately 61% of students can understand online anatomy well during the lockdown. Furthermore, approximately 52.76% of students believed that online learning of anatomy suited for theoretical, 8.74% believed that it suited for practical parts, and 30.28% believed that it suited for both theoretical and practical parts. On the contrary, about 36.63% of students thought that online learning of anatomy could replace face-to-face teaching. In conclusion, shifting to remote teaching appears to be a good and convenient approach during the lockdown period as shown by students’ interest to study anatomy online during the COVID-19 lockdown, their comfortability with the technological skills, and their level of understanding. However, practical classes with cadaver dissection and dealing with different anatomical specimens is essential for veterinary students; therefore, blended learning is recommended.

Conclusion: The study highlighted several challenges associated with studying anatomy online during the lockdown period and recommendation to overcome these challenges.
Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Source of NGAL for Diabetic Kidney Disease Evaluation in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ugarte Francisca , Santapau Daniela , Gallardo Vivian , Garfias Carolina , Yizmeyián Anahí , Villanueva Soledad , Sepúlveda Carolina , Rocco Jocelyn , Pasten Consuelo , Urquidi Cinthya , Cavada Gabriel , San Martin Pamela , Cano Francisco , Irarrázabal Carlos E.
Published: January 2022

Background

Tubular damage has a role in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). We evaluated the early tubulointerstitial damage biomarkers in type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) pediatric participants and studied the correlation with classical DKD parameters.

Methods

Thirty-four T1DM and fifteen healthy participants were enrolled. Clinical and biochemical parameters [Glomerular filtration Rate (GFR), microalbuminuria (MAU), albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] were evaluated. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α), and Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells-5 (NFAT5) levels were studied in the supernatant (S) and the exosome-like extracellular vesicles (E) fraction from urine samples.

Results

In the T1DM, 12% had MAU >20 mg/L, 6% ACR >30 mg/g, and 88% had eGFR >140 ml/min/1.72 m2. NGAL in the S (NGAL-S) or E (NGAL-E) fraction was not detectable in the control. The NGAL-E was more frequent (p = 0.040) and higher (p = 0.002) than NGAL-S in T1DM. The T1DM participants with positive NGAL had higher age (p = 0.03), T1DM evolution (p = 0.03), and serum creatinine (p = 0.003) than negative NGAL. The NGAL-E correlated positively with tanner stage (p = 0.0036), the median levels of HbA1c before enrollment (p = 0.045) and was independent of ACR, MAU, and HbA1c at the enrollment. NFAT5 and HIF-1α levels were not detectable in T1DM or control.

Conclusion

Urinary exosome-like extracellular vesicles could be a new source of early detection of tubular injury biomarkers of DKD in T1DM patients.
Adipocyte-Specific Inhibition of Mir221/222 Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity Through Targeting Ddit4
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Zhang Dongxiao , Katayama Akihiro , Kurooka Naoko , Sugawara Ryosuke , Albuayjan Haya Hamed Hassan , Nakatsuka Atsuko , Eguchi Jun , Wada Jun
Published: January 2022

MicroRNAs expressed in adipocytes are involved in transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs in obesity, but miRNAs critically involved in this process is not well characterized. Here, we identified upregulation of miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p in the white adipose tissues in C57BL/6 mice fed with high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) chow by RNA sequencing. Mir221 and Mir222 are paralogous genes and share the common seed sequence and Mir221/222AdipoKO mice fed with HFHS chow demonstrated resistance to the development of obesity compared with Mir221/222flox/y. Ddit4 is a direct target of Mir221 and Mir222, and the upregulation of Ddit4 in Mir221/222AdipoKO was associated with the suppression of TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis complex 2)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/S6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase) pathway. The overexpression of miR-222-3p linked to enhanced adipogenesis, and it may be a potential candidate for miRNA-based therapy.
Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Porcine Prepubertal Sertoli Cells: An “In Vitro” Study
Authors: Mancuso Francesca , Arato Iva , Di Michele Alessandro , Antognelli Cinzia , Angelini Luca , Bellucci Catia , Lilli Cinzia , Boncompagni Simona , Fusella Aurora , Bartolini Desirée , Russo Carla , Moretti Massimo , Nocchetti Morena , Gambelunghe Angela , Muzi Giacomo , Baroni Tiziano , Giovagnoli Stefano , Luca Giovanni
Published: January 2022

The increasing use of nanomaterials in a variety of industrial, commercial, medical products, and their environmental spreading has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity on human health. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) represent one of the most commonly used nanoparticles. Emerging evidence suggested that exposure to TiO2 NPs induced reproductive toxicity in male animals. In this in vitro study, porcine prepubertal Sertoli cells (SCs) have undergone acute (24 h) and chronic (from 1 up to 3 weeks) exposures at both subtoxic (5 µg/ml) and toxic (100 µg/ml) doses of TiO2 NPs. After performing synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, we focused on SCs morphological/ultrastructural analysis, apoptosis, and functionality (AMH, inhibin B), ROS production and oxidative DNA damage, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, proinflammatory/immunomodulatory cytokines, and MAPK kinase signaling pathway. We found that 5 µg/ml TiO2 NPs did not induce substantial morphological changes overtime, but ultrastructural alterations appeared at the third week. Conversely, SCs exposed to 100 µg/ml TiO2 NPs throughout the whole experiment showed morphological and ultrastructural modifications. TiO2 NPs exposure, at each concentration, induced the activation of caspase-3 at the first and second week. AMH and inhibin B gene expression significantly decreased up to the third week at both concentrations of nanoparticles. The toxic dose of TiO2 NPs induced a marked increase of intracellular ROS and DNA damage at all exposure times. At both concentrations, the increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and HO-1 was observed whereas, at the toxic dose, a clear proinflammatory stress was evaluated along with the steady increase in the gene expression of IL-1α and IL-6. At both concentrations, an increased phosphorylation ratio of p-ERK1/2 was observed up to the second week followed by the increased phosphorylation ratio of p-NF-kB in the chronic exposure. Although in vitro, this pilot study highlights the adverse effects even of subtoxic dose of TiO2 NPs on porcine prepubertal SCs functionality and viability and, more importantly, set the basis for further in vivo studies, especially in chronic exposure at subtoxic dose of TiO2 NPs, a condition closer to the human exposure to this nanoagent.