bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erste Zugänge
Authors: Sehmer Julian
Published: January 2025

Die vorliegende Studie orientiert sich in ihrem Vorgehen an der Ethnographie als Forschungshaltung respektive -strategie und verbindet diese mit den Grundprinzipien der Grounded Theory Methodologie (GTM) sowie der Sequenzanalyse als Instrument systematisch regelgeleiteter Rekonstruktion. Die Stärke von Ethnographie und GTM liegt dabei neben der konsequenten Ausrichtung am Gegenstand und der Möglichkeit der Organisation komplexer Datenanalysen insbesondere in der stringenten Verschränkung von empirischer Forschung und Theoriegenerierung in einem zirkulären Analyseprozess.
Bündelung und Vertiefung: Limitierungen der Kinderschutzforschung
Authors: Sehmer Julian
Published: January 2025

Anhand der bisherigen Analysen konnten drei spezifische Logiken und Interessen der Kinderschutzforschung identifiziert werden
Dekonstruktion
Authors: Sehmer Julian
Published: January 2025

Auf Basis der Erkenntnisse aus der explorativen Teilstudie und dem Vorschlag von Alexandra Retkowski, Barbara Schäuble und Werner Thole (2012b) folgend, geht es in der vorliegenden Dekonstruktion darum, forschungsmethodische und theoretische Zugänge zu identifizieren und zu systematisieren, die sich zunächst von professionellen Folien und Modellen des Pädagogischen distanzieren oder explizit verabschieden und Zugänge zur Praxis und darin eingelagerter Normen anbieten. Das vorliegende Kapitel ist dabei weder als Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstandes im genuinen Sinn konzipiert, noch geht es darum, die Argumente der einzelnen Perspektiven unmittelbar zu einer kohärenten Systematik im Sinne einer forschungstheoretischen Ausarbeitung zu verknüpfen. Es soll vielmehr als Metaanalyse verstanden werden, deren Gegenstand Ansätze respektive Forschungsprogramme sind, die sich mit unterschiedlichen Ausgangslagen und Grundprämissen der Herausforderung widmen, (sozial)pädagogische Praktiken in ihren jeweiligen Eigenlogiken zu untersuchen und dabei soziale Normen oder normative Bezüge berücksichtigen, ohne diese unmittelbar und ausschließlich an professions-, organisations- und evidenztheoretischen Modellen abzugleichen.
BRAT1 - a new therapeutic target for glioblastoma
Authors: Haydo Alicia , Schmidt Jennifer , Crider Alisha , Kögler Tim , Ertl Johanna , Hehlgans Stephanie , Hoffmann Marina E. , Rathore Rajeshwari , Güllülü Ömer , Wang Yecheng , Zhang Xiangke , Herold-Mende Christel , Pampaloni Francesco , Tegeder Irmgard , Dikic Ivan , Dai Mingji , Rödel Franz , Kögel Donat , Linder Benedikt
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, has poor prognosis irrespective of therapeutic advances due to its radio-resistance and infiltrative growth into brain tissue. The present study assessed functions and putative druggability of BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1 (BRAT1) as a crucial factor driving key aspects of GBM, including enhanced DNA damage response and tumor migration. By a stable depletion of BRAT1 in GBM and glioma stem-like (GSC) cell lines, we observed a delay in DNA double-strand break repair and increased sensitivity to radiation treatment, corroborated by in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating impaired tumor growth and invasion. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses further emphasize the role of BRAT1’s cell migration and invasion capacity, with a notable proportion of downregulated proteins associated with these processes. In line with the genetic manipulation, we found that treatment with the BRAT1 inhibitor Curcusone D (CurD) significantly reduced GSC migration and invasion in an ex vivo slice culture model, particularly when combined with irradiation, resulting in a synergistic inhibition of tumor growth and infiltration. Our results reveal that BRAT1 contributes to GBM growth and invasion and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of BRAT1 with CurD or similar compounds might constitute a novel approach for anti-GBM directed treatments.
Tumour growth rate and invasive interval cancer characteristics in a UK breast cancer screening population
Authors: Nanaa Muzna , Manavaki Roido , van Nijnatten Thiemo J. A. , Stranz Natalia , Carriero Serena , Coleman William A. , Allajbeu Iris , Payne Nicholas R. , Giannotti Elisabetta , Hickman Sarah E. , Arponen Otso , Gilbert Fiona J.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To estimate tumour volume doubling time (TVDT) of interval cancers (ICs).

Methods

Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed prior screening and diagnostic mammograms and measured mean diameter on “visible” ICs. Univariate analyses of clinicopathological variables (ER, HER2, grade, age at diagnosis, and breast density) were undertaken, and those with p < 0.1 were included in a generalised linear model to estimate TVDT, cancer size at screening, and time of cancer visibility for “non-visible” tumours.

Results

From 2011 to 2018, 476 ICs were diagnosed, almost half in the third year after screening with 86% grade 2 or 3. A visible abnormality at screening was identified in 281/476 (59%) cases. Significant differences in TVDT were found with age (p < 0.02), ER status (p < 0.0001). Median TVDTs of grade 1, 2 and 3 cancers were 317, 288, and 195 days, respectively (p < 0.001). For non-visible cancers, the median estimated size at screening was 1.7 mm (IQR 1.0–2.5) for grade 1, 2.5 mm (IQR 1.5–5.9) for grade 2, and 0.9 mm (IQR 0.4–2.0) for grade 3 cancers, p < 0.001. The estimated time for cancer visibility was 489 days (IQR 229–682) after screening and 645 days (IQR 527–798) for cancers diagnosed in the third year after screening.

Conclusion

Using TVDT of retrospectively visible interval cancers, non-visible interval cancer sizes can be estimated at the time of screening. Increasing the frequency of screening from three-yearly to two-yearly invitations would reduce the number of interval cancers significantly.

Key Points

Question

Growth modelling of visible interval cancers (ICs) at screening helps to track the likely progression of non-visible ICs over the screening interval.

Findings

Tumour doubling time of visible ICs at screening is positively associated with age and ER status and inversely associated with cancer grade.

Clinical relevance

Interval cancer characterisation and growth modelling can be helpful to better predict the benefits of supplemental screening and the frequency of screening, given a minimum detectable size.
Evaluation of MRI characterisation of histopathologically matched lymph nodes and other mesorectal nodal structures in rectal cancer
Authors: Rutegård Miriam Kheira , Båtsman Malin , Blomqvist Lennart , Rutegård Martin , Axelsson Jan , Wu Wendy , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Rutegård Jörgen , Palmqvist Richard , Brännström Fredrik , Riklund Katrine
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate current MRI-based criteria for malignancy in mesorectal nodal structures in rectal cancer.

Method

Mesorectal nodal structures identified on baseline MRI as lymph nodes were anatomically compared to their corresponding structures histopathologically, reported as lymph nodes, tumour deposits or extramural venous invasion. All anatomically matched nodal structures from patients with primary surgery and all malignant nodal structures from patients with neoadjuvant treatment were included. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate the morphological criteria irregular margin, round shape, heterogeneous signal and nodal size, as well as the combined 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus criteria, with histopathological nodal status as the gold standard.

Results

In total, 458 matched nodal structures were included from 46 patients (mean age, 67.7 years ± 1.5 [SD], 27 men), of which 19 received neoadjuvant treatment. The strongest associations in the univariable model were found for short-axis diameter ≥ 5 mm (OR 21.43; 95% CI: 4.13–111.29, p < 0.001) and heterogeneous signal (OR 9.02; 95% CI: 1.33–61.08, p = 0.024). Only size remained significant in multivariable analysis (OR 12.32; 95% CI: 2.03–74.57, p = 0.006). When applying the ESGAR consensus criteria to create a binary classification of nodal status, the OR of malignant outcome for nodes with positive ESGAR was 8.23 (95% CI: 2.15–31.50, p = 0.002), with corresponding sensitivity and specificity of 54% and 85%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results confirm the role of morphological and size criteria in predicting lymph node metastases. However, the current criteria might not be accurate enough for nodal staging.

Key Points

Question

Pretreatment lymph node staging in rectal cancer is challenging, and the ESGAR consensus criteria are not fully validated.

Findings

Although the ESGAR criteria correlated with malignant outcomes, diagnostic performance in terms of particular sensitivity, but also specificity, was not high.

Clinical relevance

Accurate nodal staging in rectal cancer is crucial for individual treatment planning. However, this validation of the current ESGAR consensus criteria suggests that these should be used with caution.
Growth-associated and Non-growth-associated Bioethanol Production Kinetics from Nanoadsorbent-Detoxified Pretreated Hydrolysate
Authors: Adebule Adeniyi P. , Sanusi Isaac A. , Kana Gueguim E. B.
Published: January 2025

Lignocellulosic-based (LCB) bioethanol production is challenged by the presence of inhibitory compounds in pretreated LCB hydrolysates limiting productivity. The negative impact of these inhibitory compounds on LCB bioethanol production kinetics remain understudied. Hence, this study modelled the kinetics of bioethanol fermentation using nanoadsorbent-detoxified potato peel waste (PPW) hydrolysate. Four different fermentation processes under both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) conditions, including A (SHF with non-detoxified hydrolysate), B (SSF with non-detoxified hydrolysate), C (SHF with detoxified hydrolysate), and D (SSF with detoxified hydrolysate) were evaluated for bioethanol productivity. Higher productivity of 1.23 and 1.16-fold increments were recorded for fermentation processes C and D. Thereafter, the experimental data for cell growth, bioethanol production and substrate utilisation were well-fitted by the logistic function, modified Gompertz, and Luedeking-Piret models respectively. Moreover, the obtained root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean square error (MSE) were low, while the accuracy factor (AF), bias factor (BF), slope and regression coefficient (R2) were close to 1. The bioethanol production processes were largely growth-associated (α) as α values (g ethanol/g substrate) were higher than β values (g ethanol/g substrate/h). The models were effectively implemented, demonstrating their usefulness to elucidate bioethanol productivity kinetics for improved process design and the development of large-scale bioethanol production.

Graphical Abstract
Measuring What Outcomes Matters Most to People When Accessing Suicide Postvention Support: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jackson Bess , Wayland Sarah , Ball Shelley-Anne , Maple Myfanwy
Published: January 2025

Funding for suicide postvention services, which provide support after a suicide death, has increased in Australia and globally. This rise accompanies a need to demonstrate outcomes of support. However, articulating and quantifying these outcomes presents ethical and logistical challenges. Funders' priorities may differ from those of service users. To discern the value and explore effective measurement of postvention outcomes, focus groups were conducted with postvention staff and lived experience representatives from an Australian postvention service. Transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results highlighted the complex context of measuring outcomes in suicide postvention and emphasized the need for flexible approaches to service provision and outcome measurement. The study suggests that the most significant benefits, as perceived by participants, are the ‘flow-on’ effects of postvention. It supports the notion that outcome measures require careful consideration, with trade-offs evaluated to understand what is truly valuable in suicide postvention services.
Effect of the 5E model enriched with coding and digital game design activities on gifted students' academic achievement and problem-solving skills
Authors: Bozan Ibrahim , Taslidere Erdal
Published: January 2025

Coding and digital game design activities have been used in recent years to contribute to students' academic achievement and twenty-first century skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the 5E model enriched with coding and digital game design activities (5EECD) on gifted students' academic achievement and problem-solving skills. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 80 3rd grade gifted primary school students studying at a Science and Art Center affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Türkiye. The study was completed in a five-week treatment period. The experimental group studied the force and motion concept with the 5EECD and the control group studied it with the proposed conventional method. Academic Achievement Test and Problem-Solving Skills Scale were used as pre and post-tests as measuring tools. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics results revealed that the experimental group students showed higher performances in science achievement and problem-solving skills. Inferentially, MANCOVA results showed that the 5EECD had a statistically significant effect on the collective dependent variables of the academic achievement and problem-solving skills. The ANCOVA findings also supported the above outcomes and it indicated that each of the academic achievement and problem-solving skills of experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group. Therefore, the findings of the current research suggest that the 5EECD would be used for 3rd grade gifted students’ science education.
Effective but sustainable? A case of a digital literacy program for older adults
Authors: Jung Jiyoon , You Jieun , Kim Daesang
Published: January 2025

Digital technology is used to improve the quality of life for the growing number of older adults in the United States, but it also exacerbated the digital divide between generations and regions. Digital literacy programs effectively designed for older adults have a potential to mitigate this issue; however, sustaining an effectively designed program can be a challenge due to practical constraints. This case study-mixed methods study examined effectiveness and challenges of implementing a digital literacy program that is designed with six instructional strategies known to be effective for older adults. Data sources included surveys and interviews from learners, instructors, including teaching assistants, and an administrator involved in the project throughout three implementation cycles at a regional library. Overall, participants reported enhanced confidence in using digital literacy domains and satisfaction towards the program. Various implementation challenges identified are aligned to the instructional strategies used. The study emphasizes the importance of developing and sustaining an inclusive and flexible digital education for seniors aimed to reduce the digital divide and promote their engagement in an increasingly digital society.
An optimal protective ventilation strategy in lung resection surgery: a prospective, single-center, three-arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Min Seihee , Yoon Susie , Choe Hyun Woo , Jung Haesun , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Bahk Jae-Hyon
Published: January 2025

Protective ventilation reduces ventilator-induced acute lung injury postoperatively; however, the optimal strategy for one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains unclear. This study compared three protective ventilation strategies with a postoperative partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio to reduce the incidence of immediate postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing lung resection surgery. Eighty-seven patients with ASA physical status I–III requiring OLV for lung resection surgery were randomized into three groups according to the applied ventilation strategies: low tidal volume (VT) of 4 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW) (LV group), medium VT of 6 mL/kg of PBW (MV group), and high VT of 8 mL/kg of PBW (HV group). All patients received 5 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The primary outcome was the mean difference of PaO2/FiO2 ratio after surgery. The radiologic findings of acute lung injuries were also evaluated. The incidence of immediate PPCs was determined by PaO2/FiO2 ratio of < 300 mmHg and/or newly developed radiological findings within 72 h after surgery. The MV group showed the highest PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 6 h postoperatively (P = 0.010). There were no significant among-group differences in radiological findings in 3 postoperative days. The MV group showed the lowest incidence of immediate PPCs among the three groups (P = 0.007). During OLV in lung resection surgery, protective ventilation at a VT of 6 mL/kg with PEEP of 5 cmH2O may achieve a higher postoperative PaO2/FiO2 ratio, reducing the incidence of immediate PPCs.
What generative Artificial Intelligence priorities and challenges do senior Australian educational policy makers identify (and why)?
Authors: Bower Matt , Henderson Michael , Slade Christine , Southgate Erica , Gulson Kalervo , Lodge Jason
Published: January 2025

Free access to powerful generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in schools has left educators and system leaders grappling with how to responsibly respond to the consequent challenges and opportunities that this new technology poses. This paper examines the priorities and challenges that senior Australian educational leaders identify with relation to responsible and ethical use of generative AI in school education, and the reasons for their beliefs. Members of the Australian generative Artificial Intelligence in Education working group as well as other senior policymakers throughout Australia participated in a two-phase data collection process involving survey responses and focus group discussions. Ranking activities revealed a large number of priorities and systemic challenges, with no unilateral consensuses emerging. The highest priorities for senior policymakers related to managing risks, educating teachers, and educating system leaders, while the main systemic and environmental challenges related to the pace of change, teacher capabilities and professional learning, and equitable access to the technology. Throughout the analysis, meta themes emerged that characterised the policy-setting environment as one involving urgency, uncertainty, interconnectedness, contextuality, and complexity, with the pivotal role of teachers highlighted throughout. Reflections on responsible and ethical policy-setting in response to rapid technological change are provided, including with relation to anticipatory and networked governance and the inter-relationship with the broader policy context. Recommendations for further research and practice are also proposed.
Regionale verschillen in het gebruik van urinekatheters in Nederland: een landelijke cohortstudie van 2012–2021
Authors: van Veen Felice E. E. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: January 2025

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Schone intermitterende katheterisatie (CIC) wordt vaak verkozen boven verblijfskatheters (CAD) vanwege een lager risico op complicaties en verbeterde levenskwaliteit. Dit onderzoek richt zich op trends en regionale verschillen in het gebruik van CIC en CAD onder thuiswonenden in Nederland tussen 2012 en 2021.

Methode

Er werden gegevens verzameld uit het Genees- en hulpmiddeleninformatieproject (GIP) en er werden regionale verschillen geëvalueerd met negatieve binomiale regressie (NBR).

Resultaten

Het aantal CIC-gebruikers steeg met 27,3 % van 34.204 naar 43.528 en het aantal CAD-gebruikers steeg met 44,6 % van 41.619 tot 60.172. De grootste toenamen werden gezien bij mannelijke CIC-gebruikers > 65 jaar en mannelijke CAD-gebruikers > 85 jaar. NBR toonde significante regionale verschillen met een hoger CIC-gebruik in het noorden van Nederland en een variabel CAD-gebruik door het hele land.

Conclusie

De resultaten wijzen op een groeiend aantal kathetergebruikers in Nederland. Daarnaast zijn er regionale verschillen, die mogelijk verklaard worden door verschillen in patiëntpopulaties, zorgverlenervoorkeuren en richtlijnnaleving.
Exploring and validating associations between six systemic inflammatory indices and ischemic stroke in a middle-aged and old Chinese population
Authors: Zheng Yulu , Guo Zheng , Wang Jingzheng , Wu Zhiyuan , Chen Xiaolin , Zhu Yahong , Shan Guangle , Hou Haifeng , Li Xingang
Published: January 2025

Background

Inflammation and maladaptive immune mechanisms have been substantiated as integral components in the critical pathological processes of the injury cascade in ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to explore the associations between six systemic inflammatory indices and IS in a Chinese population.

Methods

This was a case-control study based on the retrospective review of electronic medical records from two hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Systemic inflammatory indices, including the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), were calculated. Logistic regression models and classification analyses were employed to evaluate associations and discriminatory abilities.

Results

In total, 9392 participants aged 40–83 years old were included in the discovery (3620 pairs of IS-present cases and healthy controls) and validation (1076 pairs of IS-present cases and IS-absent controls with IS mimics) datasets. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, IS was found to be associated with all six systemic indices in the discovery dataset, including SIRI (odd ratio [OR] 8.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.48–10.33), SII (1.03, 1.01–1.04), PIV (1.01, 1.01–1.01), NLR (2.23, 2.08–2.39), PLR (1.01, 1.01–1.01), and LMR (0.77, 0.75–0.78). Notably, only LMR exhibited significant associations with IS in both discovery and validation datasets (0.88, 0.83–0.93), suggesting an independent protective role of this index. SIRI, SII, PIV, NLR, and LMR showed good discriminative ability between IS patients and healthy controls in the discovery dataset (AUCs > 0.70). However, they performed poorly in distinguishing IS patients from IS mimics in the validation dataset (AUCs < 0.60).

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into the associations between systemic inflammatory indices and IS, offering potential implications for risk stratification. While these inflammatory indices are potential indicators for distinguishing IS from healthy conditions, additional biomarkers may be needed when differentiating IS from other chronic inflammatory conditions in clinical practice.
Meaninglessness and the ethics of lexical abandonment
Authors: McPherson Tristram
Published: January 2025

This paper critically engages with the arguments for the meaninglessness of ‘democracy’ and for abandoning use of that word, in Herman Cappelen’s book The Concept of Democracy. It explaining the distinctive nature of Cappelen’s style of argument for abandoning a word. It argues against Cappelen’s case for the meaninglessness of ‘democracy’ and its cognates. It explores an important unclarity in the sort of ethical thesis Cappelen wants to defend in this book. Finally, it suggests that Cappelen’s argument for abandoning ‘democracy’ retains some force despite the criticisms raised.
Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability
Authors: Mai Kai-lin , Pan Wei-qi , Lin Zheng-shi , Wang Yang , Yang Zi-feng
Published: January 2025

The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.
Factors affecting the bleaching performance of thermally activated palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays from the Ventzia Basin, west Macedonia, Greece
Authors: Vythoulkas K. , Stamatakis M. , Pozo M. , Argyraki A.
Published: January 2025

Thermally activated palygorskite and sepiolite clays are commonly used for the bleaching of edible oils and fats. However, their bleaching capacity can vary depending on physicochemical clay characteristics. The present study focused on the impact of thermally treated palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays on bleaching performance and showed a correlation between bleaching performance and the physicochemical characteristics of the clays. The mineralogical and chemical composition, along with certain physicochemical characteristics of thermally treated (heated at 300°C) palygorskite and palygorskite-smectite clays, were assessed for their effect on bleaching performance. The samples were collected from exploratory boreholes from four currently exploited clay deposits, namely Knidi, Pilori, Harami, and Velanida of the Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene Ventzia Basin, west Macedonia, Greece. Palygorskite was formed diagenetically from smectite precursors of lateritic origin and deposited in a fluvial-palustrine environment. Clay minerals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis, and gas porosimetry. The bleaching ability of the samples was evaluated by measuring the absorption of visible light through standard bleached rapeseed oil. Results revealed that the bleaching performance was superior in mixed palygorskite-smectite clays and was directly proportional to the palygorskite content and to both the apparent bulk density and external surface area of the clays. By contrast, bleaching ability was inversely proportional to the amount of non-clay minerals, but independent of the small variance in Al, Fe, and Mg contents of the clays or the octahedral composition of palygorskite. The presence of smectite in smaller amounts promoted to a small extent the efficiency of the palygorskite-rich clays from the Ventzia Basin.
Investigating the Post-Disaster Reproductive Health Challenges of Iranian Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rajabi Elham , Farrokhi Mehrdad , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Noroozi Mehdi , Khankeh Hamidreza
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Disasters pose serious threats to people’s health, including reproductive health (RH); therefore, we conducted this study to investigate Iranian women’s post-disaster RH challenges.

Methods

This study was conducted as a systematic review, and all published articles until the end of May 2022 were selected by searching in international and domestic scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. The quality assessment of the studies was done using the Strobe checklist. We conducted this research based on PRISMA guidelines and analyzed the content by qualitative content analysis method.

Results

Twelve related articles were included (8 high quality and 4 medium quality). Based on these articles, factors affecting post-disaster Iranian women’s RH were divided into 2 categories: individual factors (physical injuries, psychological disorders, cultural and religious issues) and management factors (not prioritizing RH services in disasters, lack of supplies, suitable facilities and professional human resources, access limitation to RH care and services).

Conclusions

We must enhance post disaster RH status by adopting suitable policies and decision-making in disaster risk management. We should prioritize RH services during the disaster response phase, providing facilities, equipment, and specialized and trained human resources.
Topic-sensitivity and the hyperintensionality of knowledge
Authors: Rossi Niccolò , Rosenkranz Sven
Published: January 2025

It is natural to assume that knowledge, like belief, creates a hyperintensional context, that is, that knowledge ascriptions do not allow for substitution of necessarily equivalent prejacents salva veritate. There exist a variety of different proposals for modelling the phenomenon. In the last years, the topic-sensitive approach to the hyperintensionality of knowledge has gained considerable traction. It promises to provide a natural account of why knowledge fails to be closed under necessary equivalence in terms of differences in subject matter. Here, we argue that the topic-sensitive approach, as recently put forward by Franz Berto, Peter Hawke, Aybüke Özgün, and others, faces formidable problems. The root of these problems lies in the approach’s prediction that a mere grasp of subject matter may help to provide insights into necessary implications that it would seem to require more substantive epistemic work to gain.
Is 3D, a more accurate quantitative method than 2D, crucial for analyzing disparity patterns in extinct marine arthropods (Trilobita)?
Authors: Crônier Catherine , Couette Sébastien , Laffont Rémi
Published: January 2025

Phacopid trilobites are well documented during the Paleozoic. Nevertheless, while 2D quantitative analyses have advanced our understanding of the morphological relationships among trilobites, the quantification of their morphological traits in 3D remains rarely documented. Based on two sets of morphological data (head and tail), 2D versus 3D shape quantification approaches were used to explore shape allometries as well as to explore how the shape variations can be explained by the phylogenetic relationships among phacopid trilobite species for the first time. We demonstrate that (1) there are similar patterns of morphological variability across taxa in 3D and 2D; (2) there are rather congruent results between 3D and 2D to discriminate taxa; (3) 2D and 3D landmarks capture different levels of detail, and the third dimension in 3D is very important for making taxonomic distinctions at the genus level; (4) there is congruity between 2D and 3D datasets for allometric patterns with results showing similar allometric slopes among species exhibiting a glabellar length decrease during growth leading to wider cephala; (5) the phylomorphospaces show tree branches that do not intersect, suggesting possible phylogenetic constraints on morphospace occupation for each species and supporting the idea that the Austerops and Morocops groups are sister clades that experienced different modes of morphological evolution; and (6) the morphological descriptors in morphometric analyses in 2D and 3D throughout phacopid evolution are effective.
The Model T
Authors: Eli Shari , Hausman Joshua K. , Rhode Paul W.
Published: January 2025

We ask (1) why the United States adopted the car more quickly than other countries before 1929, and (2) why in the United States the car changed from a luxury to a mass-market good between 1909 and 1919. The answer is in part the success of the Model T in the United States. Mass production of the Model T began in 1913; by 1917, more than 40 percent of U.S. cars were Model Ts. Tariffs and difficulties producing outside Detroit made the U.S. success of the Model T difficult to replicate abroad.
A narrow endemic plant: evaluating population dynamics and conservation strategies
Authors: Alvite Nerea , Gago Moldes Elisa , Roiloa Sergio , Barreiro Rodolfo
Published: January 2025

Iberodes littoralis subsp. gallaecica (Laínz) M. Serrano, R. Carbajal & S. Ortiz is a small annual plant endemic to dune systems in the north-west Iberian Peninsula. It is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is a priority taxon under the EU Habitats Directive. Nevertheless, the only comprehensive census of this subspecies was conducted in 2009. Here we present the results of a new survey conducted in 2023 that adds a new location to its known range. Comparison with the previous census suggests that both the total population and area of occupancy have increased. However, these changes were not uniform across the range of the subspecies, with populations increasing at the northern and southern extremes and populations at central sites remaining stable or decreasing. Spatial differences in climate, anthropogenic pressures, plant performance and/or random fluctuations may explain these interpopulation variabilities. Given that the majority of populations are already located within the EU Natura 2000 network, we recommend that the current level of protection be maintained and that the plant be reintroduced into dune systems from which it has recently disappeared. Despite the increase in the total population, we recommend that the plant be recategorized as Critically Endangered given that its area of occupancy is small. Further censuses over time will be needed to provide information on population dynamics, trends, fluctuations and responses to environmental variables.
Making Sense of John Harris and The Value of Life: An Enigma, Wrapped in Mysterious Contradictions, inside an Absence of Theoretical Commitments?
Authors: Coggon John
Published: January 2025

This paper critically engages with the work of John Harris. Its central focus is his 1985 book, The Value of Life: a foundational text in philosophical bioethics, whose relevance and resonance continue firmly to endure. My aim is to examine what it says—and omits to say—about political authority. Through analysis of apparent and substantive contradictions, and of John’s core focus on moral reasons rather than a basic moral theory, I argue that John says too little about the founding of political obligation. This is so even while he sees political obligation as morally required. I argue that the framings he gives in favor of moral requirements to accept political obligations are particularly significant because they indicate problems in the fundamentality and import of the idea of respect for persons as it features in The Value of Life.
Resonance, self-reflection, and preparedness through a web-based intervention for family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialised home care
Authors: Bauman Cecilia , Wallin Viktoria , Doveson Sandra , Hudson Peter , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Alvariza Anette
Published: January 2025

Objectives

In home-based care for severely ill patients, family caregivers’ contributions are crucial. This study aimed to explore how a web-based psychoeducational intervention influences family caregivers’ experiences in addressing challenges while caring for a patient with life-threatening illnesses during specialized home care.

Methods

This qualitative study undertook semi-structured interviews with family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness receiving specialized home care. Family caregivers participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a psychoeducational intervention delivered through a website. Interviews were performed with 17 family caregivers; 13 spouses, 2 adult children, 1 parent, and 1 sibling, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The results indicate that the intervention resonated with the family caregivers’ situation which gave them comfort and awareness. It inspired self-reflection on the caregiver role that provided new insights and encouraged communication with the patient. The intervention prepared family caregivers for the patient’s progressing illness and death. While preparing was a help for some, others did not feel ready to face this, which led them to avoid parts of the website.

Significance of results

This psychoeducational web-based intervention guided family caregivers as they addressed challenges in caregiving and prepared for the future, and they valued having access to such an intervention. In a time of decreasing healthcare resources, web-based support may be a useful alternative to in-person interventions. It is important to continue developing, evaluating, and implementing web-based interventions to meet the needs of family caregivers.
Patients with advanced cancer in Uganda: Gender, social norms, and family relationship icebergs in the face of terminal illness
Authors: Kulikowski Julia D , Namisango Eve , Rosa William E.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Cancer is associated with physical, social, spiritual, and psychological changes in patients and their caregivers. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, there is lack of evidence on the impact of gender, social norms, and relationship dynamics in the face of terminal illness. The aim of this paper is to explore how gender identity, social norms, and power relations are impacted when a person is living in Uganda with advanced cancer.

Methods

Focus groups with adult men and women living with advanced cancer in Uganda were conducted. Interviews explored the social effects of cancer and common challenges, including how both disease and treatment affect the patient and marital relationships within their families. Participants’ recommendations were sought to improve the social well-being of patients and their families. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Men and women experienced negative changes in their roles and identities, often feeling unable to fulfill their marital duties in terms of intimacy, their social roles and responsibilities based on societal expectations. Men expressed loss of a “masculine” identity when unable to provide economically for the household. This led to tension in the familial power dynamics, contributing to relationship breakdown and gender-based violence (GBV) against spouses. Women noted challenges with parenting, relationship breakdowns, and increased GBV.

Significance of results

Gender impacts the patient and the family dynamic throughout the life course, including during advanced cancer. Patients and caregivers experience a change in their roles and identities while coping with existential distress and end-of-life tasks. Given these results, gender considerations and dynamics should be incorporated into overall palliative care provision. In addition, there is a need to integrate GBV screening and support in cancer services to address social health and safety needs in the context of serious illness.
Humanized dual-targeting antibody–drug conjugates specific to MET and RON receptors as a pharmaceutical strategy for the treatment of cancers exhibiting phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Minghai , Ma Qi , Suthe Sreedhar Reddy , Hudson Rachel E. , Pan Jing-ying , Mikelis Constantinos , Zhu Miao-jin , Wu Zhi-gang , Shi Dan-rong , Yao Hang-ping
Published: January 2025

Cancer heterogeneity, characterized by diverse populations of tumorigenic cells, involves the occurrence of differential phenotypes with variable expressions of receptor tyrosine kinases. Aberrant expressions of mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) receptors contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells, which poses a major therapeutic challenge. This study aims to develop a dual-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) that can act against both MET and RON for treating cancers with high phenotypic heterogeneity. Through immunohistochemical staining, we show that MET and RON expressions are highly heterogeneous with differential combinations in more than 40% of pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancer cases. This expressional heterogeneity provides the rationale to target both receptors for cancer therapy. A humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody specific to both MET and RON (PCMbs–MR) is generated through IgG recombination using monoclonal antibody sequences specific to MET and RON, respectively. Monomethyl auristatin E is conjugated to PCMbs–MR to generate a dual-targeting ADC (PCMdt–MMAE), with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 4:1. Various cancer cell lines were used to determine PCMdt-MMAE-mediated biological activities. The efficacy of PCMdt–MMAE in vivo is evaluated using multiple xenograft tumor models. PCMdt–MMAE shows a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, with a maximum tolerated dose of ~30 mg/kg in mice. Toxicological studies using Sprague–Dawley rats reveal that PCMdt–MMAE is relatively safe with slight-to-moderate, temporary, and reversible adverse events. Functionally, PCMdt-MMAE induces a robust internalization of both MET and RON and causes a large-scale cell death in cancer cell lines exhibiting MET and RON heterogeneous co-expressions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the dual-targeting approach in the form of an ADC is highly effective with a long-lasting effect against tumors exhibiting MET/RON heterogeneous phenotypes. Hence, we can suggest that a dual-targeting ADC specific to both MET and RON can be employed as a novel therapeutic strategy for tumors with expressional phenotypic heterogeneity.
Noise amplification and ill-convergence of Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
Authors: Liu Yiming , Panezai Spozmai , Wang Yutong , Stallinga Sjoerd
Published: January 2025

Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution optimizes the likelihood of the object estimate for an incoherent imaging system. It can offer an increase in contrast, but converges poorly, and shows enhancement of noise as the iteration progresses. We have discovered the underlying reason for this problematic convergence behaviour using a Cramér Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) analysis. An analytical expression for the CRLB diverges for spatial frequency components that approach the diffraction limit from below. The resulting mean noise variance per pixel diverges for large images. These results imply that a regular optimum of the likelihood does not exist, and that RL deconvolution is necessarily ill-convergent.
Understanding metro station areas’ functional characteristics via embedding representation: A case study of shanghai
Authors: Jiang Heping , Liu Ruihua , Luo Shijia , Yi Disheng , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2025

As crucial transportation hubs for urban travel, metro stations catalyze the transformation of their surrounding areas into highly prominent locations where many activities converge. Uncovering the functional attributes of station areas holds immense significance in comprehending citizens’ activity demands, thereby offering valuable insights for regional development and planning in proximity to metro stations. This study introduces a framework that improves the process of accurately representing station areas. On the basis of the semantic vectors of point of interests (POI) categories trained by the GloVe model, the partition smooth inverse frequency (P-SIF) model and affinity propagation (AP) are employed to generate the embedding representations of station areas and categorize. Finally, we classify the station areas into 9 functional groups: and analyse the spatial distribution characteristics of each group. It is found that most of the station areas in Shanghai show the characteristics of mixed type, in which the characteristics of residential type and commercial type are obvious. In terms of spatial, the stations with commercial characteristics are mainly distributed in the central area of the city, while those with residential and working characteristics are scattered.
Current applications and challenges in large language models for patient care: a systematic review
Authors: Busch Felix , Hoffmann Lena , Rueger Christopher , van Dijk Elon HC , Kader Rawen , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Makowski Marcus R. , Saba Luca , Hadamitzky Martin , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Truhn Daniel , Cuocolo Renato , Adams Lisa C. , Bressem Keno K.
Published: January 2025

Background

The introduction of large language models (LLMs) into clinical practice promises to improve patient education and empowerment, thereby personalizing medical care and broadening access to medical knowledge. Despite the popularity of LLMs, there is a significant gap in systematized information on their use in patient care. Therefore, this systematic review aims to synthesize current applications and limitations of LLMs in patient care.

Methods

We systematically searched 5 databases for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods articles on LLMs in patient care published between 2022 and 2023. From 4349 initial records, 89 studies across 29 medical specialties were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018. A data-driven convergent synthesis approach was applied for thematic syntheses of LLM applications and limitations using free line-by-line coding in Dedoose.

Results

We show that most studies investigate Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT)-3.5 (53.2%, n = 66 of 124 different LLMs examined) and GPT-4 (26.6%, n = 33/124) in answering medical questions, followed by patient information generation, including medical text summarization or translation, and clinical documentation. Our analysis delineates two primary domains of LLM limitations: design and output. Design limitations include 6 second-order and 12 third-order codes, such as lack of medical domain optimization, data transparency, and accessibility issues, while output limitations include 9 second-order and 32 third-order codes, for example, non-reproducibility, non-comprehensiveness, incorrectness, unsafety, and bias.

Conclusions

This review systematically maps LLM applications and limitations in patient care, providing a foundational framework and taxonomy for their implementation and evaluation in healthcare settings.
Visual Stimulus Materials Used in Spoken Narrative Discourse Elicitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Steel Joanne , Hoffman Rhianne , Bogart Elise
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Management of discourse is acknowledged as a critical component of speech-language pathology practice with cognitive communication after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This scoping review aimed to collate the visual materials that are being used in empirical research for spoken narrative elicitation post-TBI, in both assessment and treatment contexts. We aimed to examine the format, structure, and sources for visuals used. Discourse analyses were also investigated.

Method:

The research was conducted and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews between September 26, 2023, and March 1, 2024. Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed original research studies reporting spoken narrative tasks using visual elicitation stimuli after TBI. Secondary searches of backward and forward citations were also undertaken.

Results:

Of the 1,461 studies found in the search, 60 studies were eligible for data extraction. Eleven visual stimuli were used in 51 of the studies to elicit narratives. The visual stimulus reported in the highest number of studies was The Flowerpot Incident, a six-picture black-and-white picture sequence. Overall, the most frequently used format was a wordless storybook, analyzed most frequently at the macrostructural level.

Conclusions:

Research studies are using picture sequences or wordless storybooks to elicit discourse samples after TBI. This contrasts with a recent survey of clinical practice with discourse post-TBI, where The Cookie Theft picture was most reported in use (Steel et al., 2024). We discuss the relevance of findings in relation to recent INCOG 2.0 guidelines (Togher et al., 2023) and speech-language pathology practice, and make recommendations for clinical and research future directions.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28098113