bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historia y análisis bibliométrico de la revista Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular
Authors: Bernal Gil Nicol , Romero Menjura Karol , Jiménez Barbosa Ingrid Astrid
Published: August 2017

La revista Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular nace en 2003 como un instrumento necesario para divulgar los hallazgos en investigación de la Facultad de Optometría de la Universidad de La Salle; de este modo, se constituye en una publicación científica única en su clase y en un referente para Latinoamérica. Objetivo: presentar al lector la historia, las tendencias, los retos y las dificultades que ha tenido la revista durante sus 14 años de existencia. Metodología: se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los seis editores que han colaborado con su trabajo en la publicación y se desarrolló un análisis bibliométrico a partir de una búsqueda en Publish or Perish, basados en datos de Google Scholar y de la propia revista entre 2003 y 2017. Resultados: los editores señalaron los principales retos y logros de la revista, los cuales se visualizan en el importante número de artículos de investigación y revisión publicados en índices y bases de datos reconocidas. En el análisis bibliométrico se encontró que la revista ha publicado 334 artículos: 166 investigaciones, 161 revisiones y 7 reportes de caso; además, el área temática de la que existen más publicaciones es optometría funcional, con 82 artículos, y el documento más citado pertenece al área de optometría pediátrica, con 40 citaciones hasta la fecha. Conclusión: Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular tiene carácter científico y cuenta con estándares de calidad; así mismo, ha publicado importantes avances en el campo de la optometría funcional y pediátrica.
Probiotics, prebiotics and other feed additives to improve gut function and immunity in poultry
Authors:   RMIT University, Australia, Moore Robert
Published: August 2017

Poultry producers have been cautious in the application of probiotics, due to mixed experiences of their effectiveness and lack of knowledge regarding the scientific basis for their modes of action. Prebiotics have been more readily accepted because they can be added without any significant change to traditional practices. Recent research has increased our knowledge of the effects of both types of treatment, their possible modes of action, and the strengths and limitations of their use. We are beginning to understand why some products may give variable outcomes and what may be done to further validate the performance of existing products and develop a new generation of more reliable and effective probiotics and prebiotics.
Thermal adaptation and tolerance of poultry
Authors:   Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Israel, Yahav Shlomo
Published: August 2017

Fowls are endothermic species controlling body temperature (Tb) within a relatively narrow range, despite moderate to extreme changes in environmental conditions. Tb is recognized as the main characteristic that reflects thermal status. Significant developments in the genetic selection of domestic fowl enhanced performance-improved feed efficiency and increased metabolic rate, leading to low capability to balance energy expenditure and maintain body water balance under extreme environmental conditions. This chapter will focus on the effect of combinations of environmental conditions (temperature, ventilation, relative humidity) on thermal status and performance parameters of broilers, turkeys and laying hens. Furthermore, it will offer the use of epigenetic temperature adaptation during embryogenesis as a tool to improve thermotolerance and performance.
Círculo de Investigación
Authors: Tay Chu Jon Lidia Yileng
Published: August 2017

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Determination of Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection Among the Pregnant Women with Lower Abdominal Pain
Authors: Chandra Bala Sekharan  , Devarajan Dinesh Kumar  , Koneru Ratna Kumari  , Cecilia Alphonce Joachim
Published: August 2017

The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection among the pregnant women with lower abdominal pain and its aetiological micro-organism. Cross sectional study was done at Mount meru hospital laboratory, Arusha, Tanzania.  225 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Levolosi hospital (Arusha, Tazania) were enrolled. To diagnose urinary tract infection in the enrolled participants, mid stream urine was collected and culture on Macconkey agar media and blood agar media. Urine analysis was done using dipstick test, urine microscopy and biochemical tests. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found to be 31.6%.  High incidence of infection was found in 33-40 years age group (41.6%). The incidence of infection was high in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to first and second trimester. The prevalence of infection is more in participants who had past history of infection. The bacterial pathogens isolated include E.coli (40.8%), Staphylococcus species (30.0%), Klebsiella species (14.1%), Proteus species (11.3%), Citrobacter species (1.4%) and Enterobacter species (1.4%). Diagnosis of urinary tract infection in pregnant women during all antenatal visits should be considered a vital care in the community. This helps to keep away from complications in pregnancy at an early stage.
Evaluation of hematological and Biochemical changes induced by garlic (Allium Satium) in Rats
Authors: Azuoma Kosisochukwu E.  , Nnolum Blessing U.  , Enwelum Henry O.
Published: August 2017

The effect of Allium sativum on the blood cells, platelet and electrolytes was investigated in twelve (12) wistar rats. The experiment lasted for four weeks excluding one weeks of acclimatization. At the end of the experiment, the animals were starved overnight, anesthetized, and the blood sample collected through the cardiac puncture. Blood was collected into an EDTA and plain bottle for hematological parameters and electrolyte analysis respectively. The evaluated parameters were; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), White blood cell count  (WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), monocyte, basophil, eosinophil, Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. The result obtained showed that Allium sativum at a low doses significantly affected white blood cells count (WBC), platelet, monocyte, Basophile, Na+, HCO3 (P<0.05). Other parameters were not significantly affected. It was concluded that consumption of Allium sativum in minimal dose affects the amount of circulating blood cells hence increases body defense. Garlic demonstrated potential benefits by causing the increase in some blood parameters implicated in promoting good health, maintaining blood factors required for body defense and helps maintain electrolyte balance in the rat’s system.
Comparative Analysis of the Anticonvulsant activity of Crinum jagus and Solanum indicum in Mice
Authors: Ohadoma SC  , Osuala FN  , Amazu LU  , Iwuji SC
Published: August 2017

There is no known drug that has prevented or cured reoccurrence of epileptic seizures, hence the need to explore and compare natural remedies that are employed in folkloric treatment of convulsion. The aim of the present was to assess comparatively, the anticonvulsant activity of methanol extracts of Crinum jagus and Solanum indicum. The crude methanol extracts of the bulbs and fruits of C. jagus and S. indicum, respectively, obtained by 72 h maceration in methanol. The extracts were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity using mice and electroconvulsive shock equipment (Ugobasile ECT UNIT 7801). Four groups of six animals each were used for each extract. Group I received no extract serving as control in both cases. Groups II, III and IV received varying concentrations (32.50, 25.50; 41.50, 51.50; and 64.50, 112.50 mg/kg) for C. jagus and S. indicum respectively. All medicaments were protective against electrically induced convulsion. C. jagus showed protection after administration of 64.50 mg/kg body weight while S. indicum was at 112.50 mg/kg body weight. The two extracts justified their use in traditional and folkloric setting with the bulb extract of C. jagus possessing greater anticonvulsant effect than the fruit extract of S. indicum.
Screening of Antistress and Anxiolytic Activities of Piper longum Fruits Extract
Authors: Nanjappaiah HM  , Patil VP  , MuchchandiI S  , Chandrashekar VM  , Shivakumar H
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate adaptogenic and anxiolytic activities of methanol extract of Piper longum fruits at different dose levels (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) using different experimental animal models. In the present research work antistress activity was assessed by swimming endurance and immobilization stress models, and anxiolytic activity were assessed by elevated plus maze behavior of mice, light dark exploration test in mice and open field apparatus test in rats. In swimming endurance test, the mean time of swimming performance and swimming stress induced biochemical parameters such as serum cortisol, the weights of adrenal glands, ascorbic acid and cortisol levels were recorded in the adrenal gland. There was dose dependent significant increase in swimming performance time observed in mice pretreated with graded doses of the test extracts.  Animals pretreated with test extracts at different dose levels showed significant and dose dependent fall in all the biochemical parameters, as compared to the stress control animals. Treatment with standard and test extracts significantly reversed the stress induced altered hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, organs weight, GSH and LPO levels and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, nor adrenaline and serotonin levels in rat brain In immobilization stress. The test extracts demonstrated the significant increase in time spent and number of entries into open arm in elevated plus maze apparatus test and also increase in time spent and number of entries into lit box was observed in light box exploration test and reduction in time spent and number crossing into the dark compartment observed in animals pretreated with test extract. Pretreatment with test extracts demonstrated dose dependent significant increase in ambulation, rearing and self-grooming and significant decrease in fecal dropping in case of open field test.
Community Health Worker Impact on Chronic Disease Outcomes Within Primary Care Examined Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ingram Maia , Doubleday Kevin , Bell Melanie L. , Lohr Abby , Murrieta Lucy , Velasco Maria , Blackburn John , Sabo Samantha , Guernsey de Zapien Jill , Carvajal Scott C.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To investigate community health worker (CHW) effects on chronic disease outcomes using electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods. We examined EHRs of 32 147 patients at risk for chronic disease during 2012 to 2015. Variables included contact with clinic-based CHWs, vitals, and laboratory tests. We estimated a mixed model for all outcomes.

Results. Within-group findings showed statistically significant improvements in chronic disease indicators after exposure to CHWs. In health center 1, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) decreased 0.15 millimoles per mole (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.24, −0.06), body mass index decreased 0.29 kilograms per meter squared (CI = –0.39, −0.20), and total cholesterol decreased 11.9 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −13.5, −10.2). In health center 2, HbA1c decreased 0.43 millimoles per mole (CI = –0.7, −0.17), body mass index decreased by 0.08 kilograms per meter squared (CI = −0.14, −0.02), and triglycerides decreased by 22.50 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −39.0, −6.0). Total cholesterol of 3.62 milligrams per deciliter (CI = −6.6, −0.6) in health center 1 was the only improvement tied to CHW contact.

Conclusions. Although patients’ chronic disease indicators consistently improved, between-group models provided no additional evidence of impact. EHRs’ evolution may elucidate CHW contributions moving forward.
Killed by Police: Validity of Media-Based Data and Misclassification of Death Certificates in Massachusetts, 2004–2016
Authors: Feldman Justin M. , Gruskin Sofia , Coull Brent A. , Krieger Nancy
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media–based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004–2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data.

Methods. We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media–based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted matched-pair analyses with the Massachusetts mortality data.

Results. Compared with death certificates, there was near-perfect correlation for age in all sources (Pearson r > 0.99) and perfect concordance for gender. Agreement for race/ethnicity ranged from perfect (The Counted and The Washington Post) to high (Fatal Encounters Cohen’s κ = 0.92). Among the 78 decedents for whom finalized International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes were available, 59 (75.6%) were properly classified as “deaths due to legal intervention.”

Conclusions. In Massachusetts, the 4 media-based sources on persons killed by police provide valid demographic data. Misclassification of deaths due to legal intervention in the mortality data does, however, remain a problem. Replication of the study in other states and nationally is warranted.
Diverging Life Expectancies and Voting Patterns in the 2016 US Presidential Election
Authors: Bor Jacob
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess whether voting patterns in the 2016 US presidential election were correlated with long-run trends in county life expectancy.

Methods. I examined county-level voting data from the 2008 and 2016 presidential elections and assessed Donald Trump’s share of the 2016 vote, change in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016, and changes in absolute numbers of Democratic and Republican votes. County-level estimates of life expectancy at birth were obtained for 1980 and 2014 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

Results. Changes in county life expectancy from 1980 to 2014 were strongly negatively associated with Trump’s vote share, with less support for Trump in counties experiencing greater survival gains. Counties in which life expectancy stagnated or declined saw a 10-percentage-point increase in the Republican vote share between 2008 and 2016.

Conclusions. Residents of counties left out from broader life expectancy gains abandoned the Democratic Party in the 2016 presidential election. Since coming to power, the Trump administration has proposed cuts to health insurance for the poor, social programs, health research, and environmental and worker protections, which are key determinants of population health. Health gaps likely will continue to widen without significant public investment in population health.
Rural Versus Urban Use of Traditional and Emerging Tobacco Products in the United States, 2013–2014
Authors: Roberts Megan E. , Doogan Nathan J. , Stanton Cassandra A. , Quisenberry Amanda J. , Villanti Andrea C. , Gaalema Diann E. , Keith Diana R. , Kurti Allison N. , Lopez Alexa A. , Redner Ryan , Cepeda-Benito Antonio , Higgins Stephen T.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To examine urban–rural differences in US prevalences of traditional and emerging tobacco product use as well as dual or polytobacco use of these products.

Methods. Our data were derived from wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We estimated weighted prevalences of adult tobacco use across urban–rural geographies and examined prevalences classified by gender, poverty level, and region of the country.

Results. Nationally, cigarette use and smokeless tobacco use, as well as dual or polytobacco use of traditional products, were more prevalent in rural than in urban areas. Conversely, cigarillo and hookah use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products were higher in urban areas. There was no significant urban–rural difference in use of e-cigarettes. Gender, poverty, and region of the country did not seem to be driving most urban–rural differences, although differences related to cigarillo use and dual or polytobacco use of emerging products became nonsignificant after control for covariates.

Conclusions. Our findings highlight important urban–rural differences in tobacco use. Whether the changing tobacco product landscape will contribute to a continuation of rural health disparities remains to be seen.
Community Health Worker Support for Disadvantaged Patients With Multiple Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kangovi Shreya , Mitra Nandita , Grande David , Huo Hairong , Smith Robyn A. , Long Judith A.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To determine whether a community health worker (CHW) intervention improved outcomes in a low-income population with multiple chronic conditions.

Methods. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2013–2014). Participants (n = 302) were high-poverty neighborhood residents, uninsured or publicly insured, and diagnosed with 2 or more chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, tobacco dependence, hypertension). All patients set a disease-management goal. Patients randomly assigned to CHWs also received 6 months of support tailored to their goals and preferences.

Results. Support from CHWs (vs goal-setting alone) led to improvements in several chronic diseases (changes in glycosylated hemoglobin: −0.4 vs 0.0; body mass index: −0.3 vs −0.1; cigarettes per day: −5.5 vs −1.3; systolic blood pressure: −1.8 vs −11.2; overall P = .08), self-rated mental health (12-item Short Form survey; 2.3 vs −0.2; P = .008), and quality of care (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; 62.9% vs 38%; P < .001), while reducing hospitalization at 1 year by 28% (P = .11). There were no differences in patient activation or self-rated physical health.

Conclusions. A standardized CHW intervention improved chronic disease control, mental health, quality of care, and hospitalizations and could be a useful population health management tool for health care systems.

Trial Registration. clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01900470.
The Net-Present-Value Paradox: Criticized by Many, Applied by All
Authors: Willigers Bart J. , Jones Benjamin , Bratvold Reidar B.
Published: August 2017

The exploration and production (E&P) industry is facing a net-present-value (NPV) paradox. Despite the fact that the NPV method is widely criticized by practitioners and academics alike, the NPV method remains the cornerstone of E&P project valuation. We posit that this contradiction, which we labeled the NPV paradox, is likely to be caused by a combination of limitations of the method, a lack of theoretical understanding, and ambiguity regarding the implementation of the NPV method.

Even though the NPV method has been described in numerous papers and textbooks, rigorous and succinct guidance on how to determine risk premiums for systematic risk is not available. We demonstrate that risk-adjusted discount rates are very sensitive to the choice of the length of the periods over which returns are determined (daily, weekly, or monthly), length of the time horizons considered (such as 10 or 25 years), and start date (such as 1965 or 1990). We discuss the fundamental implications and rationale of choices and their effects on the variables that underpin the risk-adjusted discount rate: risk-free rate, company β, market-risk premium, and the cost of debt.

Although not entirely satisfactory, we argue for a moderate downward revision of discount rates for projects with timelines exceeding 20 years. This recommendation is dependent on recent advancements in public finance and the reality that the exposure to systematic risk in the long run is significantly less in many real-life E&P projects than the capital-assessment-pricing model (CAPM) implies. The inflated discount rate that is currently used, combined with the extended investment horizons that are common in the upstream sector, will for example result in an underweighting of decommissioning and future legacy costs.

In addition to a set of widely recognized shortcomings of the NPV model, there are also lesser well-known issues. For example, the failure of CAPM to capture bankruptcy risk has a bearing on the project-risk premium. Also, the application of the NPV model implies a set of probabilistic assumptions around market risks that are likely to be invalidated when evaluating a set of market scenarios or using a series of probability-weighted market scenarios.
Modeling Lost Circulation Through Drilling-Induced Fractures
Authors: Feng Yongcun , Gray K. E.
Published: August 2017

Previous lost-circulation models assume either a stationary fracture or a constant-pressure- or constant-flowrate-driven fracture, but they cannot capture fluid loss into a growing, induced-fracture driven by dynamic circulation pressure during drilling. In this paper, a new numerical model is developed on the basis of the finite-element method for simulating this problem. The model couples dynamic mud circulation in the wellbore and induced-fracture propagation into the formation. It provides estimates of time-dependent wellbore pressure, fluid-loss rate, and fracture profile during drilling. Numerical examples were carried out to investigate the effects of several operational parameters on lost circulation. The results show that the viscous pressure losses in the wellbore annulus caused by dynamic circulation can lead to significant increases in wellbore pressure and fluid loss. The information provided by the model (e.g., dynamic circulation pressure, fracture width, and fluid-loss rate) is valuable for managing wellbore pressure and designing wellbore-strengthening operations.
Improving Sample Collection, Sample Processing, and Laboratory Analyses for Corn Stalk Nitrate Test
Authors: Ketterings Quirine M. , Gami Sanjay , Godwin Greg , Hong Eun , Orloski Kate , Breslauer Rachel , Liu Chutao , Mathur Renuka Rao
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Corn stalk nitrate test results can help corn growers fine‐tune N management.

Adoption of corn stalk nitrate test use can be enhanced with more practical field sampling protocols.

Laboratory processing of corn stalk nitrate test samples can be simplified for reduced analytical cost.

The corn (Zea mays L.) stalk nitrate test (CSNT) is a site‐specific, after‐the‐fact, diagnostic tool for N management of corn. Although considered effective, widespread adoption of CSNT is limited due to somewhat impractical sample collection, handling, and laboratory sample processing protocols. Five studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of alternative sampling, sample handling, and laboratory processing protocols on CSNT outcomes. Study 1 evaluated the effect of stalk length and position on CSNT values. In Study 2 timing of sampling or growth stage was evaluated. In Study 3 several sampling patterns within a field (samples taken within a corn row vs. perpendicular or under an angle to rows) were analyzed. Study 4 tested if (a) quartering of stalks, (b) delay in mailing of stalks to the laboratory, and (c) temperature during storage (refrigerator, freezer, room temperature) affected CSNT‐N. Laboratory grinding, extraction, and determination procedures were compared in Study 5. The results suggest that sampling protocols can be adjusted to include shorter stalk samples, taken within 5 d after silage harvest. Direction of sampling within a field did not impact CSNT‐N, eliminating the need for more labor‐intensive sampling. Also, quartering of stalks and different temperature during storage did not change CSNT‐N. Laboratories can use 2‐mm grinding, extraction with distilled water, and a nitrate specific ion electrode or flow injection analysis. We conclude that adjustments in sampling protocols and sample processing can be made, possibly increasing farmer acceptance of the test, and reducing the cost of sampling, sample processing, and laboratory analyses.
Can Yield Goals Be Predicted?
Authors: Raun William , Figueiredo Bruno , Dhillon Jagmandeep , Fornah Alimamy , Bushong Jacob , Zhang Hailin , Taylor Randy
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Yield goals are used to determine pre‐plant fertilizer N rates.

Yield goals are used for many agricultural crops.

Mid‐season sensor‐based prediction of yield potential is possible.

Grain yields levels change dramatically every year.

Optimum fertilizer N rates change every year.

Predicting required fertilizer N rates before planting a crop embodies the concept of establishing a pre‐season yield goal and fertilizing for that expected yield. The study evaluates prediction of yield goals using data from long‐term experiments. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield data from the Magruder plots (Stillwater, OK, 1930–present), Exp. 222 (Stillwater, OK, 1969–present), and Exp. 502 (Lahoma, OK, 1970–present) were used. Annual pre‐plant N rates were applied for 87, 45, and 44 yr, respectively. Experiments 222 and 502 used randomized complete block experimental designs. This manuscript applied the theory that average yields over the last 3 to 5 yr can be used to predict the ensuing years’ yield, or yield goal. For the Magruder plots, the “NPK” (67–15–29, N–P–K) and Check (0–0–0) Treatments were used. For Exp. 222, Treatments 1 and 4 (0–30–37 and 135–30–37) and in Exp. 502, Treatments 2 and 7 (0–20–55 and 112–20–55) were selected to test this concept. Wheat grain yield averages for the prior 3, 4, and/or 5 yr were not correlated with ensuing season yields in all three long‐term experiments. Over sites and years, yield goal estimates were off by up to 3.69 Mg ha−1. Failure of the yield goal concept to predict current‐year yields is due to the unpredictable influence of environment. Mid‐season prediction of yield potential using active sensors is a viable alternative for improved in‐season cereal fertilizer N recommendations.
Genetic Diversity among Selected Elite CIMMYT Maize Hybrids in East and Southern Africa
Authors: Masuka Benhildah P , van Biljon Angeline , Cairns Jill E. , Das Biswanath , Labuschagne Maryke , MacRobert John , Makumbi Dan , Magorokosho Cosmos , Zaman‐Allah Mainassara , Ogugo Veronica , Olsen Mike , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Tarekegne Amsal , Semagn Kassa
Published: August 2017

Genetic gain within the CIMMYT Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program from 2000 to 2010 was recently estimated at 0.85 to 2.2% yr−1 under various environmental conditions. Over 100 varieties were disseminated from CIMMYT to farmers in ESA, hence the need to check genetic diversity and frequency of use of parents to avoid potential narrowing down of the genetic base. Fifty‐five parents from CIMMYT ESA used in the hybrids were fingerprinted using genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Data analysis in TASSEL and MEGA6 generated pairwise genetic distances between parents of 0.004 to 0.4005. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis produced two clusters (I and II) with two subclusters each (A and B) and two sub‐subclusters (IAi and IAii). Principal coordinate analysis produced three clusters where IAi and IIA from the UPGMA analysis formed independent clusters while IAii, IB, and IIB clustered together. Lines were separated by pedigree and origin. Ninety‐five percent frequency of pairwise genetic distances ranged between 0.2001 and 0.4000. However, only four of the 55 parents (CML444, CML395, CML312, and CML442) were each used in 15 to 30 of the 52 hybrids evaluated in the genetic gain study. The remaining 51 were used in one to four hybrids. Frequent use of the four parents gave 29 to 58% of the hybrids a narrow genetic base, posing risk in case of pest or disease outbreaks. Parents evaluated do not represent the genetic base of CIMMYT ESA but parents of the best‐performing hybrids selected from 2000 to 2010. Breeders should ensure a wide genetic base for released varieties to avoid breakdown in case of pest or disease outbreaks.
Genetic Variation for Tolerance to Terminal Heat Stress in Dasypyrum villosum
Authors: Fu Jianming , Bowden Robert L. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna , Gill Bikram S.
Published: August 2017

Heat stress substantially reduces the grain yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD genome) and poses a major challenge to sustaining productivity because of global warming. Across wheat‐growing regions in the United States and globally, wheat often experiences terminal heat stress during the postflowering period. Dasypyrum villosum, a wild relative of wheat, has been a useful genetic resource for the improvement of several traits in wheat. Here we report a first survey of terminal heat tolerance in D. villosum. Twenty accessions of D. villosum from seven countries and three common wheat cultivars (checks) were compared. Agronomic traits including single kernel weight, total grain weight, grain number, and shoot weight were evaluated in both nonstress (22°C day, 17°C night) and heat stress (36°C day, 30°C night) conditions in two independent experiments. The results showed that there was significant genetic variation for heat tolerance during the grain‐filling period in D. villosum and that single kernel weight was less affected by heat stress in D. villosum than in common wheat. Three accessions, TA10228 and TA10225 originating in Italy and TA2172 in Turkey, showed the highest terminal heat tolerance. This work suggests that D. villosum may be a useful novel resource for the improvement of heat tolerance in common wheat.
Prediction Accuracy and Consistency in Cultivar Ranking for Factor‐Analytic Linear Mixed Models for Winter Wheat Multienvironmental Trials
Authors: Studnicki Marcin , Paderewski Jakub , Piepho Hans Peter , Wójcik‐Gront Elżbieta
Published: August 2017

In the majority of research on models for multienvironment trials, evaluation of the prediction accuracy of models with different variance–covariance structures is focused on predicting the means for cultivar × location (C × L) combinations. In cultivar recommendation, however, it is often more important to evaluate prediction accuracy in modeling cultivar × region (C × R) combinations. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the prediction accuracy of two single‐stage linear mixed models (LMMs) with different variance–covariance structures, emphasizing factor‐analytic (FA) structures. One of the models was used to predict means for C × L combinations and the other one for C × R combinations. Additionally, we assessed implications of model choice for consistency in cultivar ranking. The data used for the analysis performed in this study were obtained from 42 locations and 47 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during three growing seasons within the Polish Post‐Registration Variety Testing System. The data were assigned to six agroecological regions. For evaluating the prediction accuracy of LMMs, we used cross validation based on a modified equation for the mean squared error of prediction. Yield rankings modeled by different variance–covariance structures were compared by Spearman's rank correlation. For each model with a different variance–covariance structure, we calculated the correlation coefficients between estimated and observed data. The model with the highest predictability for means of the C × L classification was the FA(2) variance–covariance structure. In the case of C × R means, the compound symmetry structure fared favorably, and using more complex variance–covariance structures (including heterogeneous covariances) did not increase prediction accuracy.
Interaction effects in a multi-channel Fabry-Pérot interferometer in the Aharonov-Bohm regime
Authors: Ferraro Dario , Sukhorukov Eugene
Published: August 2017

We investigate a Fabry-Pérot interferometer in the integer Hall
regime in which only one edge channel is transmitted and
nn
channels are trapped into the interferometer loop. Addressing recent
experimental observations, we assume that Coulomb blockade effects are
completely suppressed due to screening, while keeping track of a
residual strong short range electron-electron interaction between the
co-propagating edge channels trapped into the interferometer loop. This
kind of interaction can be completely described in the framework of the
edge-magnetoplasmon scattering matrix theory allowing us to evaluate the
backscattering current and the associated differential conductance as a
function of the bias voltage. The remarkable features of these
quantities are discussed as a function of the number of trapped
channels. The developed formalism reveals very general and provides also
a simple way to model the experimentally relevant geometry in which some
of the trapped channels are absorbed into an Ohmic contact, leading to energy dissipation.
Assessing the influence of social capital on water point sustainability in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Person Margaret T. , Delea Maryann G. , Garn Joshua V. , Alexander Kelly , Abaire Bekele , Freeman Matthew C.
Published: August 2017

Despite considerable investment, sustainability of rural water resources remains a critical challenge in Ethiopia. Evidence suggests social capital – the networks, norms, and trust that facilitate cooperative behaviors – influences a community's ability to manage communal water resources. In turn, strong community governance of water resources may lead to sustainable resource management. Existing evidence provides a framework for exploring the relationship between social capital and governance of common-pool resources. However, there is a dearth of quantifiable evidence demonstrating the relationship between social capital, collaborative governance, and, in turn, sustainability of communal water resources. In 32 communities in rural Ethiopia, we employed a validated survey tool, developed by the World Bank, to quantify social capital and explore these relationships. We found associations between governance and several social capital domains: groups and networks, trust and solidarity, and information and communication. All governance indicators were associated with functionality. Identifying domains of social capital that influence governance can inform institutional efforts to target community-based water resource programming, foster social capital to improve water point sustainability, and diagnose issues related to resource management. Additional research examining the influence and directionality of social capital and other social constructs on water resource governance and functionality is warranted.
Improving the selectivity of magnetic graphene oxide through amino modification
Authors: Dai Jiayong , Zhao Hongyan , Ye Yuting , Wang Li , Cao Shuyuan , Su Xiaojian , Hu Xuefeng , Li Lei
Published: August 2017

Fabricating efficient materials for environmental purposes is a priority and the subject of much attention nowadays. The objectives of this study are to adopt an amino modification approach to improve the selective removal capacity of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) for Cu(II) ions, and explore how it performs in single and binary systems by taking Cd(II) as a comparison. After grafting the amino groups, the final material exhibited promoted capacities for Cu(II) and Cd(II), and a more apparent selective adsorption process can be observed. The maximum equilibrium adsorbances of amino modified MGO were 578.1 mg g−1 for Cu(II) and 184.7 mg g−1 for Cd(II) under our experimental conditions, compared with 319.1 mg g−1 and 161.2 mg g−1 of MGO for Cu(II) and Cd(II), respectively. Characterization results and experiment data confirmed that the introduction of N species contributed to the enhancement. This may pave the way for better understanding of the underlying mechanism, and provide inspiration for synthesizing new adsorbents.
Structure-based Approaches Targeting Parasite Cysteine Proteases
Authors: Vieira Rafael Pinto , Santos Viviane Corrêa , Ferreira Rafaela Salgado
Published: August 2017

Cysteine proteases are essential hydrolytic enzymes present in the majority of
organisms, including viruses and unicellular parasites. Despite the high sequence identity
displayed among these proteins, specific structural features across different species grant
distinct functions to these biomolecules, frequently related to pathological conditions.
Consequently, their relevance as promising targets for potential specific inhibitors has
been highlighted and occasionally validated in recent decades. In this review, we discuss
the recent outcomes of structure-based campaigns aiming the discovery of new inhibitor
prototypes against cruzain and falcipain, as alternative therapeutic tools for Chagas disease
and malaria treatments, respectively. Computational and synthetic approaches have
been combined on hit optimization strategies and are also discussed herein. These rationales
are extended to additional tropical infectious and neglected pathologies, such as
schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis and babesiosis, and also to Alzheimer’s Disease, a widespread
neurodegenerative disease poorly managed by currently available drugs and recently
linked to particular physiopathological roles of human cysteine proteases.
DSA2016 Conference Programme
Authors:   The Development Studies Association (DSA)
Published: August 2017

This conference programme details the panels, papers, and events that form the DSA annual conferences at Examination Schools, University of Oxford 12-14 September 2016.
Validation of a computer model to predict laser induced retinal injury thresholds
Authors: Jean Mathieu , Schulmeister Karl
Published: August 2017

A computer model was developed for calculating the intraocular energy producing a thermally induced retinal threshold lesion upon exposure to optical radiation. The model parameters were adjusted to best fit the threshold levels reported in the literature in-vivo, with nonhuman primates at wavelengths between 413 and 1338 nm, exposure durations between 100 μs and 50 min, and various retinal spot sizes and exposures to paramacular or macular sites. Comparison of the calculated thresholds with all consistent experimental results published over the past 50 years shows good agreement with a standard deviation of 31%. This validates the model to be used for quantitative predictions of retinal injury thresholds as well as for risk analysis of laser products and supports the development of exposure limits. The spread of data suggests that accuracy cannot be improved much further due to experimental uncertainties and intersubject variability.
Cuidar de Idosos Dependentes – A Sobrecarga dos Cuidadores Familiares
Authors: Pereira Sofia , Duque Eduardo
Published: August 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares. Para tanto, analisa-se a relação entre o grau de dependência do idoso dependente e o nível de sobrecarga dos cuidadores. A metodologia usada apoia-se num questionário ao prestador de cuidados, na Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador, e no Índice de Barthel. Os resultados mostram que éna família que se encontra a primeira linha de apoio, cuja constante prestação de cuidados conduz ao aumento da sobrecarga, a qual depende do número de horas que o cuidador presta ao idoso dependente, bem como do apoio informal que ele próprio recebe.  Palavras-chave: Idosos dependentes; Cuidadores Familiares; Sobrecarga.
Qualidade de vida em idosos em um programa de alongamento
Authors: Anacleto Geovana Mellisa Castrezana , Aquino Rita De Cássia de , Rebustini Flávio
Published: August 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos pré- e pós-intervenção. Participaram 21 idosos (média 65,71anos, ±5,08), de um programa de alongamento e, para avaliação, foi utilizado o WHOQOL-Bref e WHOQOL-Old. As quatro dimensões do WHOQOL-Bref apresentaram melhoria dos indicadores, como também as dimensões do WHOQOL-Old: Atividades Passadas, Presentes e Futuras, Participação Social e Intimidade. Conclui-se que há evidência de que a atividade física do tipo alongamento parece ser benéfica para a população estudada.Palavras-chave: Exercício Físico; Alongamento; Envelhecimento.
Qualidade de vida dos idosos participantes do Projeto “Unidos da Melhor Idade” do Município de Fernão, SP, Brasil
Authors: Ximenes Maria Amélia , Del’ Vescovo Rosa Maria , Manchini Rafaela Fioretto , Conti Marta Helena Souza De , Souza Lyana Carvalho e
Published: August 2017

Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de vida de um grupo de idosas identificando suas condições de saúde autopercebida. A maioria considera sua qualidade de vida boa e estão satisfeitas com a saúde. A baixa escolaridade e renda não foram fatores determinantes para sua qualidade de vida, porém a presença de sentimentos negativos, tais como: humor, desespero, ansiedade e depressão chamam a atenção para um acompanhamento do grupo de forma mais específica. Palavras-chave: Qualidade de vida; Idoso; Saúde percebida.
Paul Thagard e a inferência da melhor explicação
Authors: Silva Marcos Rodrigues da
Published: August 2017

Este artigo pretende oferecer uma apresentação à tradução para o português de “Inference to the Best Explanation: Criteria for Theory Choice”, de Paul Thagard. Neste artigo, Thagard assume a importância epistemológica do argumento da inferência da melhor explicação e postula três critérios para a escolha de teorias científicas: consiliência, simplicidade e analogia. Nesta apresentação desse artigo fundamental para o desenvolvimento da inferência da melhor explicação, reconstruímos, na primeira seção, a concepção de Thagard. Em seguida, na segunda seção, sugerimos algumas discussões filosóficas sobre a ciência a partir da proposta de Thagard. Na conclusão, situamos a contribuição de Thagard no interior do debate realismo/antirrealismo, identificando-a com uma postura epistemologicamente neutra acerca desse debate.
Examining the relationship of C. S. Peirce’s semiotic and D. Winnicott’s transitional phenomena and playing
Authors: Guimarães Filho Paulo Duarte
Published: August 2017

Inicialmente, considera-se como as possibilidades de relações entre a psicanálise e a filosofia de Peirce têm sido objeto de trabalhos de filósofos e psicanalistas. São destacadas as noções de Winnicott sobre os objetos e fenômenos transicionais e o brincar, como uma área de particular interesse para o estudo dessas relações, dadas suas ligações com a filosofia de Peirce. É, então, indicado como Winnicott faz referência às relações da simbolização (não em termos peircianos) com os objetos e fenômenos transicionais e indica como um “full understanding” dos processos de simbolização podem contribuir para o conhecimento desses fenômenos. Considerando essa manifestação de Winnicott, é examinado de que modo a semiótica de Peirce contém elementos que auxiliam o entendimento do que é chamado de “simbolização”, por Winnicott. Assim,, também permitindo a discriminação dos aspectos semióticos presentes nos objetos e fenômenos transicionais e no brincar, permitindo, assim, uma ampliação de algumas dimensões da significação das concepções de Winnicott. As questões referidas são examinadas amplamente nos casos clínicos de “Edmund” e “Diana”, citados por Winnicott e em outras duas situações clínicas apresentadas pelo autor.
Las visiones de Petrarca en el barroco español (II): en la huella de Fray Luis
Authors: De Colombí Alicia
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
'Las acciones virtuosas' del "Arte nuevo"
Authors: King Willard F.
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Juan del Encina, Obras completas. Ed. Ana María Rambalo. Espasa-Calpe, Madrid, 1978. 3 ts.: 1, xxxiv + 345; 2, xii + 282; 3, xvii + 382 pp.
Authors: Rohland de Langbehn Regula
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Juan del Encina, Obras completas. Ed. Ana María Rambalo.
José A. Hernández Ortíz, La génesis artística de "La Lozana andaluza". El realismo literario de Francisco Delicado. Pról. de J. Goytisolo. Editorial Ricardo Aguilera, Madrid, 1974; 211 pp.
Authors: Bubnova Tatiana
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La génesis artística de "La Lozana andaluza". El realismo literario de Francisco Delicado.
Fray Luis de León: "El cual camino quise yo abrir" (el número en la prosa)
Authors: Lázaro Carreter Fernando
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Hacia "El Caballero de Olmedo" (II)
Authors: Rico Francisco
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
¿Más poemas de Bartolomé Leonardo de Argensola?
Authors: Blecua José Manuel
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Permanencia folklórica del villancico glosado
Authors: Frenk Margit
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
La ideología de la clase dominante en la obra Rubén Darío
Authors: Blanco Aguinaga Carlos
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Identification and Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Navigation Systems of Autonomus Vehicles
Authors: Contreras Juan , Ariza Manuel , Velásquez Luís , Ramos Alcides , Díaz Vladimir , Arbeláez Julián
Published: August 2017

This article presents a simple method to generate the automatic course control of surface naval vehicles by using fuzzy logic to adjust the parameters of the PID controller. The fuzzy systems constructedto automatically adapt the parameters of the PID controller are Mamdani type and use functions oftriangular relevance for the antecedent and the consequent. An application to a real model is presented,exposing the identification process to obtain the mathematical model from experimental data, thetemporal analysis from the mathematical model, obtain the parameters from the PI controller, and theresults on course changes between 125° and 305°. Thereafter, and bearing in mind the range of Kp and Ti parameters in which the system is stable, a structure of a self-tunable fuzzy PI controller was presentedand implemented with notable improvement in the response system.
Fatigue Analysis of the Structural Bottom of an Aluminum Planing Craft through Vibratory Load of the Propeller System
Authors: Marín José , Cuenca Carlos
Published: August 2017

This work analyzed the structural fatigue of a high-speed craft, which has a propeller system formed by two 493-hpengines connected through speed multipliers to water jet systems. Its aluminum alloy structure has combined-typeframing. The useful life of the boat bottom’s structure was determined considering the cyclical loads generatedby the propulsion system, using the Finite Elements method and applying the effort-number method of cycles tofailure. For this, a structural model was developed of the selected zone, which was analyzed with the SAP2000program, to obtain complex amplitudes of the stress supported by the structure. Thereafter, with these results thestress range was determined and, then, using S-N curves for Aluminum the number of cycles that needed to becarried out by six structural details selected was determined, for its failure. Using Miner’s Rule, combined with thecraft’s assumed work modes, the time of the useful life time of the referential details selected during an hour wasdetermined. Finally, if the craft operates for three hours per day, the bottom structure of the boat analyzed wouldhave a useful life of 14.5 years, when working principally in low speed rating.
Reenactment of a bollard pull test for a double propeller tugboat using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Vega Adan , López Martínez David
Published: August 2017

Use of CFD simulations is an affordable and trustworthy way of determining a vessel’s capacity before its construction. This study focuses in simulating a bollard pull of a specific tugboat and comparing the results with those of the real test to which it was subjected after construction. In compliance with the regulations of the classification societies regarding these types of tests, simulations will be carried out to study the bollard pull tests of a double propeller two boat. The results showed that the mathematical model is suitable for a numerical calculation of the bollard pull tests.