bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in acute brain trauma
Authors: Park B.-N. , Yoon J.-K. , An Y.-S.
Published: May 2013

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of intravenously transplanted rat bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in an acute brain trauma model using serial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in rat models. Animals, methods: Trauma models were made using a controlled cortical impact injury device. The stem cell treatment group was treated with intravenous injections of BMSCs, and models without stem cell therapy comprised the control group. Serial 18F-FDG PET images were obtained 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after trauma. The difference in 18F-FDG uptake between day 1 and each time point after trauma was analyzed with SPM2 (uncorrected p < 0.005). Results: The stem cell treatment group demonstrated significantly higher 18F-FDG uptake in the right parietal region at 14 days after trauma than at 1 day after trauma. An increase in glucose metabolism in the right parietal cortex appeared on days 21 and 28 after trauma in the group without stem cell treatment. The 18F-FDG uptake in the brain was improved over a broader area, including the right parietal and right primary somatosensory cortex, on days 21 and 28 after trauma in the stem cell treatment group compared with the group without stem cell treatment. Conclusion: BMSC therapy in trauma models led to improved glucose metabolism. This result might support the therapeutic effect of stem cells in brain trauma.
Crises Effects Management: a New Policy to Manage Tourism Crises in Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Jalil Sabreen G.
Published: May 2013

This article displays the fatal crises and evaluates their impacts on the tourism activity in Egypt, particularly the crisis after the revolution of January 25, 2011. Moreover, it suggests a policy that includes different components that need to be addressed for the establishment of
the crises management policy (CMP). The general direction equations and correlations are applied to estimate the negative impact of the crises on tourism activity progress in Egypt during the last two decades. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with experts and academics to evaluate the
suggested CMP, while interviews with representatives of the governmental and the private tourism sectors were held to compare the suggested CMP with the CMP that was used by the governmental and private sectors after the revolution of January 25. The study concludes that the Luxor attack in
1997, the September 11, 2001 attack in the US, the global financial crisis in 2009, and the January 25, 2011 revolution were the most damaging crises that strongly influenced tourism activity. Likewise, it reveals that the tourism sector in Egypt uses some recovery procedures and tasks to
manage the crisis of January 25 and all the prior crises; therefore, the development of an appropriate CMP would be extremely essential.
Simple synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-1-carbonitriles
Authors: Trawczyński Adam , Bujok Robert , Wróbel Zbigniew , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2013

Alkylation of 5-nitroindol-4-ylacetonitriles with ethyl chloroacetate, α-halomethyl ketones, and chloroacetonitrile followed by a treatment of the products with chlorotrimethylsilane in the presence of DBU gives 1-cyanopyrrolo[3,2-e]indoles substituted in position 2 with electron-withdrawing groups.
Systemic Sclerosis in Canada’s North American Native Population: Assessment of Clinical and Serological Manifestations
Authors: Bacher Adrienne , Mittoo Shikha , Hudson Marie , Tatibouet Solène ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Baron Murray
Published: May 2013

Objective.

Certain North American Native (NAN) populations are known to have higher rates of systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to non-NAN; however, little is known of the specific disease characteristics in this population in Canada. This study compares the clinical and serological manifestations of SSc in NAN and white patients.

Methods.

This cross-sectional, multicenter study included subjects enrolled in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry between September 2004 and June 2012. Subjects were evaluated with complete medical histories, physical examinations, and self-questionnaires. Ethnicity was defined by self-report. Disease characteristics were compared between NAN and white patients and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the independent association between ethnicity and various clinical manifestations.

Results.

Of 1278 patients, 1038 (81%) were white, 71 (6%) were NAN, and 169 (13%) were classified as non-white/non-NAN. There were important differences between NAN and white subjects with SSc. In multivariate analysis adjusting for socioeconomic differences and smoking status, NAN ethnicity was an independent risk factor for the severity of Raynaud phenomenon and more gastrointestinal symptoms, and was associated with a nonsignificant increase in the presence of digital ulcers.

Conclusion.

NAN patients with SSc have a distinct clinical phenotype. Our study provides a strong rationale to pursue further research into genetic and environmental determinants of SSc.
Deux décennies de recherche en neuroscience : avancées et perspectives
Authors: Schiffmann Serge N.
Published: May 2013

Le décodage du fonctionnement cérébral et les résolutions et traitement des maladies neuro-psychiatriques qui constituent de loin le plus large panel de pathologies humaines sont les moteurs de la recherche en Neuroscience. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les progrès dans cette discipline ont été considérables. Ils ont été le résultat, entre autres raisons, d’avancées technologiques majeures et d’une intégration multidisciplinaire de plus en plus étroite. Pour aborder le challenge de synthétiser les avancées les plus spectaculaires en Neuroscience, nous avons délibérément choisi trois domaines et exemples spécifiques que sont les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la plasticité cérébrale, la neurobiologie des cellules souches neurales, cellules souches embryonnaires et cellules souches pluripotentes induites et leurs applications ; et l’étude des fonctions cognitives par la neuro-imagerie. Nous terminons par une note sur l’optogénétique, déclarée “ Method of the Year 2010 ” par la revue Nature .
De la symbolisation primaire à la symbolisation secondaire
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: May 2013

Après avoir resitué la question de l’absence et de la présence de l’objet au regard de la psychanalyse et de la théorie de l’attachement, l’auteur évoque ensuite les processus de symbolisation qui peuvent se faire soit en l’absence, soit en présence de l’objet, avant de présenter l’hypothèse d’un gradient spatio-temporel de symbolisation permettant de faire une place à la question de l’écart. En effet, la question n’est pas seulement celle de la symbolisation de l’objet absent ou présent, mais aussi celle de sa symbolisation par le bébé en temps direct ou en temps différé, et parfois à distance, juste à ses côtés. Que cet écart soit spatial (comme dans « la capacité d’être seul en présence de l’objet » décrite par D.W. Winnicott), temporel (comme dans les « boucles de retour » décrites par G. Haag), ou spatio-temporel, la symbolisation qui s’y trouve mise en jeu renvoie sans doute davantage à une identité de perception (« équation symbolique d’H. Segal) qu’à une identité de pensée au sens de la symbolisation secondaire.
Réflexions sur le statut de l'analyste dans la cure des adolescents
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: May 2013

La meilleure reconnaissance et repérage des deux lignes de force des processus d’adolescence infantile et pubertaire permettent de définir un espace intermédiaire ou transitionnel (D. W. Winnicott). Le psychanalyste a une place d’interprète de l’intrication de ces deux fonctionnements, on dirait aussi de traducteur. Il ne doit être ni complice de la métamorphose pubertaire ni porte-parole de l’infantile sur le modèle parental.
Histoire et situations contemporaines de l'anthropologie clinique
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: May 2013

L’auteur construit un panorama des recherches et des constructions théoriques portant sur les liens entre culture et psyché depuis ces trente dernières années. Il situe les débats que posent différentes conceptualisations de la « personnalité culturelle » dans le champ de la clinique et tout particulièrement dans celui de la psychothérapie. Aussi décrit-il les apports et aussi les risques d’impasse de la démarche ethnopsychiatrie, proposant à partir de la clinique de sujets aux prises avec les ruptures de l’histoire avec différentes modalités de situer et la place des références « culturelles » concernant les représentations des « maladies » et des « dispositifs thérapeutiques » et la logique et la vigueur du travail psychique de l’exil. Il sera exposé le mouvement conceptuel et pratique qui fait passer du paradigme « ethnopsychiatrique » à celui des cliniques de l’exil.
Endocyclophotocoagulation as an Adjuvant to Vitreoretinal Surgery in Cases With Concomitant Glaucoma
Authors: Gorovoy Ian R. , Eller Andrew W.
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the efficacy of endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for vitreoretinal disease with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is a retrospective review of 12 patients who underwent 270° ECP following vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

Ten of the 12 patients had excellent intraocular pressure (IOP) control postoperatively, without medication in four patients and with reduced medication in six patients. IOP decreased from 26.3 ± 12.9 to 17.9 ± 6.0 at 1 month (
P
= .03) and 16.9 ± 4.4 at 3 months postoperatively (
P
= .02). Best corrected visual acuity was improved by 1 month postoperatively. The number of glaucoma agents decreased from 2.7 ± 1.1 to 1.3 ± 1.3 (
P
= .03). One patient with neovascular glaucoma developed hypotony. Postoperative inflammation or discomfort did not exceed what was expected for a standard vitrectomy in any patient.

CONCLUSION:

ECP can be effectively combined with vitrectomy; however, ECP produced unpredictable results in the two patients with neovascular glaucoma.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:243–247.]
Suprachoroidal Silicone Oil Migration Following Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Danylkova Nataliya , Gupta Nitasha , Jhaveri Chirag D. , Gill Manjot K.
Published: May 2013

Silicone oil is a commonly used tamponade agent. We report the rare complication of a patient who presented with silicone oil in the suprachoroidal space following retinal detachment repair. The silicone oil was subsequently removed without any long-term complications.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:284–286.]
Perceptions of Approved Clinical Instructors: Barriers in the Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Hankemeier Dorice A. , Van Lunen Bonnie L.
Published: May 2013

Context:

As evidence-based practice (EBP) becomes prevalent in athletic training education, the barriers that Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) experience in implementing it with students need to be understood.

Objective:

To investigate barriers ACIs face when implementing EBP concepts in clinical practice and in teaching EBP to professional athletic training students and to investigate the educational emphases to improve the barriers.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

Telephone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants:

Sixteen ACIs (11 men, 5 women; experience as an athletic trainer = 10 ± 4.7 years, experience as an ACI = 6.81 ± 3.9 years) were interviewed.

Data Collection and Analysis:

We interviewed each participant by telephone. Interview data were analyzed and coded for common themes and subthemes regarding barriers and educational emphases. Themes were triangulated through multiple-analyst triangulation and interpretive verification.

Results:

Barriers to EBP incorporation and educational emphasis placed on EBP were the main themes reported. Resources, personnel, and student characteristics were subthemes identified as barriers. Resource barriers included time, equipment, access to current literature, and knowledge. Coworkers, clinicians, and coaches who were unwilling to accept evidence regarding advancements in treatment were identified as personnel barriers. Programmatic improvement and communication improvement were subthemes of the educational emphasis placed on EBP theme. The ACIs reported the need for better integration between the clinical setting and the classroom and expressed the need for EBP to be integrated throughout the athletic training education program.

Conclusions:

Integration of the classroom and clinical experience is important in advancing ACIs' use of EBP with their students. Collaborative efforts within the clinical and academic program could help address the barriers ACIs face when implementing EBP. This collaboration could positively affect the ability of ACIs to implement EBP within their clinical practices.
A Novel Experimental Knee-Pain Model Affects Perceived Pain and Movement Biomechanics
Authors: Seeley Matthew K. , Park Jihong , King Daniel , Hopkins J. Ty
Published: May 2013

Context:

Knee injuries are prevalent, and the associated knee pain is linked to disability. The influence of knee pain on movement biomechanics, independent of other factors related to knee injuries, is difficult to study and unclear.

Objective:

(1) To evaluate a novel experimental knee-pain model and (2) better understand the independent effects of knee pain on walking and running biomechanics.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twelve able-bodied volunteers (age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 75 ± 14 kg).

Intervention(s):

Participants walked and ran at 3 time intervals (preinfusion, infusion, and postinfusion) for 3 experimental conditions (control, sham, and pain). During the infusion time interval for the pain and sham conditions, hypertonic or isotonic saline, respectively, was continuously infused into the right infrapatellar fat pad for 22 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We used repeated-measures analyses of variance to evaluate the effects of time and condition on (1) perceived knee pain and (2) key biomechanical characteristics (ground reaction forces, and joint kinematics and kinetics) of walking and running (P < .05).

Results:

The hypertonic saline infusion (1) increased perceived knee pain throughout the infusion and (2) reduced discrete characteristics of each component of the walking ground reaction force, walking peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 62°–67°), walking peak plantar-flexion moment (range = 95–104 N·m), walking peak knee-extension moment (range = 36–49 N·m), walking peak hip-abduction moment (range = 62–73 N·m), walking peak support moment (range = 178–207 N·m), running peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 38°–77°), and running peak hip-adduction angle (range = 5–21°).

Conclusions:

This novel experimental knee pain model consistently increased perceived pain during various human movements and produced altered running and walking biomechanics that may cause abnormal knee joint-loading patterns.
Selective Activation of the Infraspinatus Muscle
Authors: Ha Sung-Min , Kwon Oh-Yun , Cynn Heon-Seock , Lee Won-Hwee , Kim Su-Jung , Park Kyue-Nam
Published: May 2013

Context:

To improve selective infraspinatus muscle strength and endurance, researchers have recommended selective shoulder external-rotation exercise during rehabilitation or athletic conditioning programs. Although selective strengthening of the infraspinatus muscle is recommended for therapy and training, limited information is available to help clinicians design a selective strengthening program.

Objective:

To determine the most effective of 4 shoulder external-rotation exercises for selectively stimulating infraspinatus muscle activity while minimizing the use of the middle trapezius and posterior deltoid muscles.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 30 healthy participants (24 men, 6 women; age = 22.6 ± 1.7 years, height = 176.2 ± 4.5 cm, mass = 65.6 ± 7.4 kg) from a university population.

Intervention(s):

The participants were instructed to perform 4 exercises: (1) prone horizontal abduction with external rotation (PER), (2) side-lying wiper exercise (SWE), (3) side-lying external rotation (SER), and (4) standing external-rotation exercise (STER).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and posterior deltoid muscles. Differences among the exercise positions were tested using a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni adjustment.

Results:

The infraspinatus muscle activity was greater in the SWE (55.98% ± 18.79%) than in the PER (46.14% ± 15.65%), SER (43.38% ± 22.26%), and STER (26.11% ± 15.00%) (F3,87 = 19.97, P < .001). Furthermore, the SWE elicited the least amount of activity in the middle trapezius muscle (F3,87 = 20.15, P < .001). Posterior deltoid muscle activity was similar in the SWE and SER but less than that measured in the PER and STER (F3,87 = 25.10, P < .001).

Conclusions:

The SWE was superior to the PER, SER, and STER in maximizing infraspinatus activity with the least amount of middle trapezius and posterior deltoid activity. These findings may help clinicians design effective exercise programs.
Automorfismi involutori di $p$-gruppi finiti
Authors: Bettio Egle , Busetto Giorgio , Jabara Enrico
Published: May 2013

Let

p

be a fixed odd prime number. In this note we study the class of finite

p

-groups

G

admitting an automorphism

{\varphi}

of order

2

such that

G=\langle \, g^{-1}g^{{\varphi} } \mid g \in G \, \rangle

and

(g^{-1}g^{{\varphi} })^{p}=1

for all

g \in G

. In this paper we prove that if the derived length of

G

is

d

and

C_{G}({\varphi} )

is nilpotent of class

c

, then the nilpotency class of

G

is bounded by a function depending only on

d

,

c

and

p

. We prove also that if

p=3

and

C_{G}({\varphi} )

is nilpotent of class

c

, then

G

is nilpotent of class at most

2c+1

.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy with and without Intraoperative Mitomycin-C Application
Authors: Wadhera Raman , Gulati Sat Paul , Khurana Ashok Kumar , Sharma Harikesh , Kalra Vijay , Ghai Anju
Published: May 2013

Aim

To evaluate the role of intraoperative mitomycin-C application in primary endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and compare the results with conventional endoscopic endonasal DCR.

Study design

Prospective comparative interventional study.

Setting

Tertiary referral hospital.

Materials and methods

Fifty patients in the age group of 16 to 50 years presenting with symptoms and signs suggestive of nasolacrimal duct blockage refractory to conventional medical treatment were included in the study. They were assigned randomly into two groups of 25 patients each. Group A patients underwent endoscopic endonasal DCR followed by application of mitomycin-C. Group B patients underwent endoscopic endonasal DCR without application of mitomycin-C. The two groups were compared with regard to success rate and complications. The main outcome measures for success were the resolution of epiphora and patency with lacrimal irrigation.

Results

After 1 year, 24 patients (96%) in each group had complete relief from their symptoms while one patient (4%) had no relief. Syringing was patent in 24 patients (96%) in each group and blocked in one patient (4%) after 1 year of surgery.

Conclusion

The present study did not show any additional benefit of using mitomycin-C at the stoma site after primary endoscopic endonasal DCR in terms of success rate.

How to cite this article

Wadhera R, Gulati SP, Khurana AK, Sharma H, Kalra V, Ghai A. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy with and without Intraoperative Mitomycin-C Application. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):5-9.
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Involving Frontal Sinus: A Prospective Study comparing Surgical Modalities
Authors: Gupta AK , LNU Rijuneeta , Verma H , Chakrabarti A
Published: May 2013

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) represents a hypersensitivity response to extramucosal fungi within the sinus cavity without evidence of tissue invasion. AFRS is characterized by fungal element with allergic mucin, Charcot-Leyden crystals, type I hypersensitivity, bony erosion with sinus infection on computed tomographic (CT) scan. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for AFRS followed by prolonged steroid therapy. Surgical approaches for frontal sinus disease can be either endonasal endoscopic or external. This is a nonrandomized prospective study, where the postoperative results of endoscopic frontal sinusotomy were compared with external frontoethmoidectomy approach. This is a nonrandomized prospective study, where the postoperative results of endoscopic frontal sinusotomy were compared with external frontoethmoidectomy approach. The comparison between external frontoethmoidectomy and endoscopic approach was done by using Chi-square test. There was no statistical significant difference found, when postoperatively clinical symptoms, radiology and investigations in patients of both the groups were compared. The success rate was 95.5% in group I and 91.1% after 6 months of follow-up. The world literature lacks prospective studies where attempts are made to compare the long-term results of both the surgical modalities for AFRS patients. Endoscopic endonasal approach has a distinct advantage over the external frontoethmoidectomy approach as it minimizes external scars over the face with almost equal or better long-term results.

How to cite this article

Verma H, Rijuneeta, Gupta AK, Chakrabarti A. Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Involving Frontal Sinus: A Prospective Study comparing Surgical Modalities. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):10-15.
Isolated Mucocele in an Infraorbital Ethmoidal Cell—Haller Cell: A Unique Presentation
Authors: Mohindra Satyawati
Published: May 2013

Haller cell was first described by 18th century Swiss anatomist Albrecht von Haller.

Haller cells make up the posterior and superior wall of the ethmoid infundibulum. They can cause obstruction of ethmoidal infundibulum after enlargement. Isolated infection of the Haller cell is usually very rare and should be suspected in patients with visual complaints or facial pain. Diagnosis can be made on radiology.

Here, we report a patient with complaints of left-sided eye pain for the last 4 months which was finally diagnosed as Haller cell mucocele and successfully managed via endoscopic marsupialization.

How to cite this article

Mohindra S, Dhingra S. Isolated Mucocele in an Infraorbital Ethmoidal Cell—Haller Cell: A Unique Presentation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):44-46.
Sphenochoanal Polyp
Authors: Jagade Mohan , Mishra Aseem , Agarwal Saurabh , Kasbekar VG , Thorawade Vandana , Joshi Shreyas
Published: May 2013

Nasal polyps are mostly referred to antrochoanal polyps and a sphenoid polyp is as such a rare entity. Computerized tomography and nasal endoscopy have contributed to an increase of accuracy in the diagnosis of these masses. Simple polypectomy that leaves some part of the polyp inside the sphenoid sinus carries a high risk of recurrence. Destructive external approaches to gain access to the sphenoid sinus are also not advisable in children for a benign disease. We present here a case of sphenochoanal polyp arising from right side sphenoid sinus. The sphenoid sinus disease is very rare and can be well-managed with endoscopic sinus surgery.

How to cite this article

Agarwal S, Mishra A, Jagade M, Kasbekar VG, Thorawade V, Joshi S. Sphenochoanal Polyp. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):54-55.
Observed variability and trends in extreme rainfall indices and Peaks-Over-Threshold series
Authors: Saidi H. , Ciampittiello M. , Dresti C. , Ghiglieri G.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Intensification of heavy precipitation as discussed in climate change studies has become a public concern, but it has not yet been examined well with observed data, particularly with data at short temporal scale like hourly and sub-hourly data. In this research we digitalized sub-hourly precipitation recorded at the stations of Vercelli (since 1927), Bra (since 1933), Lombriasco (since 1939) and Pallanza (since 1950) in order to investigate historical change in extreme short precipitations. These stations are located in the northwest of Italy. Besides seasonal and yearly maximum of precipitation we adopted two indices of extreme rainfall: the number of events above an extreme threshold (extreme frequency), and the average intensity of rainfall from extreme events (extreme intensity). The results showed a statistically significant increase of the extreme frequency index and spring maximum precipitation for Bra and Lombriasco. The extreme intensity index presented by the means of events above 95th percentile is decreasing for Bra regarding hourly precipitation and increasing for Lombriasco regarding 20 min extreme events. In Pallanza, we noticed only a positive trend of the extreme frequency and extreme intensity indices of events with duration of 30 min. For the analyses presented in this paper, a peak-over-threshold approach was chosen. Investigation presented showed that extreme events have risen in the last 20 yr only for short duration. Here it cannot be said that in our study area recent sub-hourly and hourly precipitation have become unprecedently strong or frequent for all the stations and for all the extreme events duration.
Riparian forest as a management tool for moderating future thermal conditions of lowland temperate streams
Authors: Kristensen P. B. , Kristensen E. A. , Riis T. , Baisner A. J. , Larsen S. E. , Verdonschot P. F. M. , Baattrup-Pedersen A.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. Predictions of the future climate infer that stream water temperatures may increase in temperate lowland areas and that streams without riparian forest will be particularly prone to elevated stream water temperature. Planting of riparian forest is a potential mitigation measure to reduce water temperatures for the benefit of stream organisms. However, no studies have yet determined the length of a forested reach required to obtain a significant temperature decrease. To investigate this we measured the temperature in five small Danish lowland streams from June 2010 to July 2011, all showing a sharp transition between an upstream open reach and a downstream forested reach. In all stream reaches we also measured canopy cover and a range of physical variables characterizing the streams reaches. This allowed us to analyse differences in mean daily temperature and amplitude per month among forested and open sections as well as to study annual temperature regimes and the influence of physical conditions on temperature changes. Stream water temperature in the open reaches was affected by heating, and in July we observed an increase in temperature over the entire length of the investigated reaches, reaching temperatures higher than the incipient lethal limit for brown trout. Along the forest reaches a significant decrease in July temperatures was recorded immediately (100 m) when the stream moved into the forested area. In three of our study streams the temperature continued to decrease the longer the stream entered into the forested reach, and the temperature decline did not reach a plateau. The temperature increases along the open reaches were accompanied by stronger daily temperature variation; however, when the streams entered into the forest, the range in daily variation decreased. Multiple regression analysis of the combined effects on stream water temperature of canopy cover, Width/Depth ratio, discharge, current velocity and water temperature revealed that canopy cover and Width/Depth were the two variables responsible for the reduced temperature observed when the streams enter the forest. In consequence, we conclude that even relatively short stretches (100–500 m) of forest alongside streams may combat the negative effects of heating of stream water and that forest planting can be a useful mitigation measure.
Creative Commons and contemporary copyright: A fitting shoe or "a load of old cobblers"?
Authors: O'Sullivan Maureen
Published: May 2013

This article examines copyright's historic trajectory from a common law to a statutory privilege, turning almost full circle in recent years, in the current age of high technology. It simultaneously probes theories of intellectual property rights which are grounded in somewhat skewed ideas related to tangible property, and contextual parallels and contrasts are drawn between physical and ephemeral resources throughout. The founding and fomenting of various civil society organisations in response to the expansions in the term and scope of copyright law, such as Creative Commons, is then charted. This leads on to complex questions about what constitutes the public domain, and whether and how it should be facilitated. The aims of grassroots movements such as Creative Commons to persuade and assist authors, through voluntary means, to relax their legislative rights and its impact on copyright law and practice, are also critically evaluated.
In archiving we trust: Results from a workshop at Humboldt University in Berlin
Authors: Seadle Michael , Greifeneder Elke
Published: May 2013

If 25 specialists in preserving scholarly information had sat together in June of 1907 at the University of Berlin on Unter den Linden, they could likely have agreed that materials stored in the libraries of one of the world's great research universities in the capitol of the richest and most powerful state in Europe could reasonably be trusted to survive long term. One hundred years later, after the events of the twentieth century had assaulted the collections with fire, water, looters, and censorship, representatives of four digital archiving systems came together to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their systems face-to-face in front of an audience of librarians, who would have to choose whether any of these systems could be trusted to overcome the unknown events of the twenty-first century. A key conclusion was the need for interoperability and to pool efforts. An alternative to collaboration may be to let archiving systems complete on price, performance and advertising, but then as customers in that market, libraries need to think about how we can test long-term archiving, so that we have real evidence to decide whether the claims of reliability make sense.
Reasons for the non-adoption of OpenOffice.org in a data-intensive public administration
Authors: Huysmans Philip , Ven Kris , Verelst Jan
Published: May 2013

Several academic studies have already been conducted to investigate the reasons influencing the adoption of open source desktop software such as Linux and OpenOffice.org. However, few studies have been devoted to determine the reasons for not adopting open source desktop software. In order to address this issue, we present a case study on the Belgian Federal Public Service (FPS) Economy which considered the use of OpenOffice.org, but eventually decided not to adopt OpenOffice.org as their primary office suite. This decision was to a large degree influenced by the fact that a large number of users within the FPS Economy perform data-intensive tasks such as statistical data analysis and reporting on a daily basis. Notwithstanding the fact that several reasons were actually in favor of the migration, we have identified several barriers that may discourage the use of OpenOffice.org in similar environments.
Mobile social networking in theory and practice
Authors: Lugano Giuseppe
Published: May 2013

Mobile social networks have gained the attention of the media, academy and mobile market. Despite of the robust tradition of network and community studies, mobile social networks are often addressed improperly. This paper presents a theoretical framework to study mobile social networking and examines the design implications of results of an exploratory study conducted with a group of 18 young adults in Finland. The findings of this study indicate that the quality of mobile applications offering social networking could be greatly increased by integrating the knowledge of two traditions that so far developed in parallel, namely the mathematical as well as social approaches to social networks.
Reviewing Fauxtography: A blog-driven challenge to mass media power without the promises of networked publicity
Authors: Usher Nikki B
Published: May 2013

During the Israel-Hezbollah War of 2006, bloggers caught Reuters publishing doctored images from Lebanon. Known by bloggers as Fauxtography, the scandal provides an important site to analyze the ability of blogs to challenge mainstream media. One blog in particular was almost single-handedly responsible for unearthing and for publicizing the scandal—Little Green Footballs. This paper uses the scandal as a case study to assess how Little Green Footballs was able to mount a challenge to mainstream media. Despite theorizing to the contrary about the collective promise of networked publics, Fauxtography reveals that one of the biggest challenges of late to mainstream media came from the activities of a single blogger.
Information architecture for digital libraries
Authors: Simon Scott James
Published: May 2013

This paper surveys information architecture in the context of digital libraries. Key concepts are defined as well as common attributes of information architectures in general. Communications standards — including hybrid TCP/IP-OSI, CORBA, and Web services — are explored, as well as the history of information architecture and related models. A number of digital library projects are analyzed with a focus on their distinct architectures. The key role of information architecture in the design and development of the twenty-first century digital library is detailed throughout.
Adaption of Linux SSL servers across cultures
Authors: Pykalainen Timo
Published: May 2013

Linux has received significant attention worldwide, but differences in its adoption across countries has gained less interest. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the proportion of Linux among SSL servers in the Internet. The findings of this research question earlier findings concerning the influence of culture on adoption of technology. Findings of this research could be useful for both proprietary and open source software companies. Likewise, by understanding the influence of culture on Linux adoption, OSS communities can adjust their activities to gain optimum international operations.
Writing Oneself, Writing the Presidential Campaign
Authors: Dadas Caroline Elizabeth
Published: May 2013

In this paper I analyze user posts and comments on the two blogs that Hillary Clinton runs from her website. Based on the rhetorical approaches utilized by writers of posts and comments, I categorize the posts into four types: cheerleading, educating, suggesting, and sharing. I also examine how difference—both among the users and between users and the candidate—are negotiated in the user-generated blogs. In doing so, I hope to construct an awareness of how people are using blogs to participate in the discourse of a political campaign.
Text in social networking Web sites: A word frequency analysis of Live Spaces
Authors: Thelwall Mike
Published: May 2013

Social networking sites are owned by a wide section of society and seem to dominate Web usage. Despite much research into this phenomenon, little systematic data is available. This article partially fills this gap with a pilot text analysis of one social networking site, Live Spaces. The text in 3,071 English language Live Spaces sites was monitored daily for six months and word frequency statistics calculated and compared with those from the British National Corpus. The results confirmed the existence of common domain-specific words and a marked personal focus. Unexpectedly, however, there was no evidence of an unusual degree of experimentation with new words or word spellings – perhaps this behaviour is limited to other social networking environments. Also surprising was the existence of a marked male gender bias in the most commonly used words. This was probably caused by a significant number of news-related discussions involving predominantly male politicians and other male public figures.
Planning, implementing and managing online repositories: Lessons learned from the KnowGenesis Library
Authors: Kudesia Saurabh
Published: May 2013

Established in 2005, the KnowGenesis Online Library for Technical Communication (http://www.knowgenesis.org/tc) is India's first online repository dedicated to accelerate knowledge sharing and promote self-learning in the field of technical communication. The Library is available free of cost, requiring a one-time free registration to access available material. The popularity and success rate of the Library can be determined by the fact that within a year of its launch, it not only attracted more than 24,000 visitors and gained more than 1,500 subscribers, but also increased the volume of the hosted content from a few documents to more than 2,000 important documents, presentations, tutorials and links.

The KnowGenesis (KG) Library presents a unique case for repository designers to study the complex design and implementation process that contributed to the stability and overall success rate of the online Library.

This paper not only shares the designing and implementation challenges faced by the KnowGenesis team, but also presents the approach used to match the user requirements with the Library design. Based on the lessons learned during the process, the paper also presents specific set of guidelines and recommends methodologies that can provide critical assistance for developing and managing medium and large-scale repositories.
Community IT workshops as a strategy for community learning
Authors: Carroll John M.
Published: May 2013

A university-community partnership to develop strategies for sustainable IT learning in local non-profit organizations initiated the Central Pennsylvania Community Information Technology Workshop series in 2003. The original goal was narrow and modest: To plan a set of participatory action research projects in which Penn State faculty and students would work with members of Centre County (Pennsylvania) non-profit community groups to develop IT infrastructures and applications. Through four years the workshops grew into a broader strategy for facilitating a continuous and self-initiated learning process in the community.
Info-communism? Ownership and freedom in the digital economy
Authors: Mueller Milton
Published: May 2013

This paper takes a new look at the debate over commons and property in information and communications. It warns against recreating the old communist-capitalist ideological divide by framing the movement for informational commons as "info-communist." The spectre of communism haunts the movement because of an unresolved ideological tension in its ethical and philosophical foundations. The case for free software and open information contains both deontological appeals to the virtues of sharing, and consequentialist arguments against the growing intrusiveness of the institutional and technological mechanisms used to enforce exclusivity in the digital economy. The paper argues that the deontological case is a dead end that leads to info-communism. The strongest case for open access and freedom in information and communications is grounded in a liberalism that takes maximizing individual freedom as its objective and relies on creative complementarities between property and commons regimes as means to that end.
Implementation of alternative publishing channels by Greek newspapers
Authors: Avraam Evagelia , Pomportsis Andreas , Tsourvakas George
Published: May 2013

As technology for the distribution of journalistic information in various forms has become more easily available, and with the Internet and the World Wide Web’s introduction into companies and households, the tendency has been for the larger media organisations and companies to have several publication channels at their disposal. This study investigates the implementation of multiple publishing channels by Greek newspapers. It attempts to identify the pattern in implementing the publishing channels and the factors that relate to the adoption of alternative publishing channels.
The reach and richness of Wikipedia: Is Wikinomics only for rich countries?
Authors: Rask Morten
Published: May 2013

This study examined the impact of technological and economic factors on the global diffusion of Wikinomics among developed and developing countries. Examining different language editions of Wikipedia, this study found significant correlation between a variety of socio-economic factors and involvement in Wikipedia.
The One Laptop Per Child Project and the negotiation of technological meaning
Authors: Luyt Brendan
Published: May 2013

In this article I use actor–network theory to make sense of some of the characteristics given to the XO by the OLPC Project; namely its immense scale, the involvement of educational bureaucracies (and the contradictions this entails), the role of children and the open source software community. I also identify several social forces that will likely shape the direction this technology takes. The future of the XO is, as a result of these forces, by no means certain. What will help determine the trajectory it takes is how willing the OLPC team is to further negotiate the meaning of this new technology.
Bourgeois anarchism and authoritarian democracies
Authors: Stalder Felix
Published: May 2013

Digital communication is profoundly affecting the constitution of (civil) society by drastically lowering the costs to speak across time and space with individuals and groups of any size, and by producing abundant records of all activities conducted through these media. This is accelerating two contradictory trends. On the one hand, a new breed of social organizations based on principles of weak cooperation and peer production is sharply expanding the scope of what can be achieved by civil society. These are voluntary organizations, with flat hierarchies and trust-based principles. They are focused on producing commons-based resources rather than individual property. In general, they are transformative, not revolutionary, in character. This phenomenon is termed "bourgeois anarchism." On the other hand, the liberal state - in a crisis of legitimacy and under pressure from such new organizations, both peaceful (civil society) and violent (terrorism) - is reorganizing itself around an increasingly authoritarian core, expanding surveillance into the capillary system of society, overriding civil liberties and reducing democratic oversight in exchange for the promise of security. This phenomenon is termed "authoritarian democracies."
Internet use for political mobilization: Voices of participants
Authors: Hara Noriko
Published: May 2013

The Internet has been used extensively for U.S. presidential election campaigns since the year 2000. In 2004, Internet campaigning grew to be more interactive than in previous years. The question of whether or not the Internet is making a difference in political outcomes has become noteworthy, and research efforts have examined political campaigns via websites, characteristics of the politically active population, and roles of the media. Among various campaign forces, activities organized by the online grassroots activist group MoveOn.org have become prominent. This article reports the voices of people who participated in political activities coordinated by MoveOn during the 2004 presidential election campaigns. The data were collected primarily through interviews. The findings contrast similarities and differences between participants in different levels of participation. Whereas most past studies focused on the macro level, this study is focused on the micro level. The article calls for further development of a theoretical framework for collective action facilitated via online and taking place offline.
Colonial Williamsburg and The Idea of America
Authors: White William E
Published: May 2013

For more than 50 years The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has employed media as a tool for extending the institution’s mission. Today’s digital technology encourages institutions to reach out beyond their customary boundaries. But how does that new technology impact the institution and its mission? This description of Colonial Williamsburg’s The Idea of America, a new high school curriculum project, offers a glimpse of what that potential might be.
From Digital Repositories to Information Habitats: H-Net, the Quilt Index, Cyber Infrastructure, and Digital Humanities
Authors: Kornbluh Mark Lawrence
Published: May 2013

The growth of collaborative digital humanities projects has resulted in significant sets of diverse and important cultural materials stored digitally and freely available online. This paper presents two major collaborative digital humanities projects: H-Net: Humanities and Social Science OnLine and the Quilt Index. Through effective collaboration among humanities experts and information technologists, such culturally rich digital libraries can mature into information habitats where diverse scholars, teachers, researchers, students, and interested Web users can work with digital objects online.
PlantCollections - A Community Solution
Authors: Tankersley Boyce , Dunn Christopher , Henderson Min Cai , Vieglais David , Riccardi Greg , Allenstein Pam , Kappe Dietrich
Published: May 2013

PlantCollections - A Community Solution is the first free application developed to serve the needs of scientists, students and gardeners that provides access on the World Wide Web to information stored in plant record databases of botanic gardens and arboreta. This information supports research into plants; the environments in which they are found; and their growth, propagation, ornamental characteristics and causes of death in gardens.
Examining social media usage: Technology clusters and social network site membership
Authors: Schrock Andrew
Published: May 2013

The popularization of “social media” has raised questions of how and why young people use these various technologies in their daily lives. This exploratory study proposes a classification system based on Rogers’ concept of technology clusters, which posits that likelihood of adoption is based around similar perceived characteristics of a technology or medium. Results from a survey administered to 401 undergraduates at a large southern university indicated that social and non-social technology cluster use is correlated with psychological, affective, and behavioral factors (extroversion, self-disclosure, computer anxiety and self-efficacy). One particularly popular type of “many to many” social media is the social network site (SNS). MySpace members were significantly more likely to use both other many-to-many social technologies as well as one-to-many. Gender differences were also found, as MySpace members were more likely to be female, and females had significantly higher levels of extroversion and self-disclosure. Implications for future research, marketing efforts, and online safety are discussed.
A Grateful Dead analysis: The relationship between concert and listening behavior analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Marko A , Gintautas Vadas , Pepe Alberto
Published: May 2013

The Grateful Dead was an American band born out of the 1960s San Francisco, California psychedelic movement, that played music together from 1965 to 1995. Despite relatively little popular radio airtime, while on tour the Grateful Dead enjoyed a cult-like following from a fan base that numbered in the millions. Still today, some ten years after dissolution, the band remains popular according to online music services, such as last.fm. This article presents a comparative analysis between 1,590 of the Grateful Dead's live concert set lists from 1972 to 1995 and 2,616,990 Grateful Dead listening events by last.fm users from August 2005 to October 2007. While there is a strong correlation between how songs were played in concert and how they were listened to by last.fm members, the outlying songs in this trend identify interesting aspects of the band and their present-day fans.