bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing carnivore conservation and sustainable hunting of a key prey species: A case study on the Florida panther and white‐tailed deer
Authors: Bled Florent , Cherry Michael J. , Garrison Elina P. , Miller Karl V. , Conner L. Mike , Abernathy Heather N. , Ellsworth W. Hunter , Margenau Lydia L. S. , Crawford Daniel A. , Engebretsen Kristin N. , Kelly Brian D. , Shindle David B. , Chandler Richard B.
Published: June 2022

Large carnivore restoration programs are often promoted as capable of providing ecosystem services. However, these programs rarely measure effects of successful restoration on other economically and ecologically important species. In South Florida, while the endangered Florida panther Puma concolor coryi population has increased in recent years due to conservation efforts, the population of its main prey, the white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, has declined in some regions. The extent to which panther predation has affected deer populations has been difficult to assess because several other factors have changed during this period, including hydrology and hunting regulations.

We collected known‐fate survival data on 241 GPS‐collared adult deer (156 females and 85 males) from 2015 to 2018 in the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge and the Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida, USA, to assess effects of panther predation on the deer population, while also evaluating the impacts of hunting and hydrology.

Predation was the primary cause of death (110 of 134 mortalities), and 87% of predation events were attributed to panthers, a much greater rate than reported by studies conducted before the panther genetic restoration effort initiated in 1995. One deer was legally harvested, and two were likely killed by poachers. Increasing water depth decreased female survival but had little impact on male survival, and drowning was never a cause of mortality.

Females had greater survival probability than males, except during fawning season. From 2015 to 2018, annual survival rates increased from 0.61 (0.52–0.70) to 0.86 (0.79–0.91) for females, and from 0.45 (95% CI: 0.33–0.58) to 0.79 (0.69–0.86) for males.

Synthesis and applications. High predation rates, coupled with previous evidence of low recruitment of deer in South Florida, suggest that it will be challenging to meet society's competing demands for large predator restoration and sustainable deer harvest. Deer hunting in the area must remain tightly controlled, for now, if it is to be sustainable, and managers should seek to mitigate effects of high waters and improve deer habitat quality to increase deer population viability. Future work should closely monitor the deer population to assess if management actions can increase vital rates and abundance in the context of high predation rates.
Specific interactions in seed dispersal by the Japanese white‐eye Zosterops japonicus: Factors influencing its preference for two plant species, Aralia elata and Zanthoxylum ailanthoides
Authors: Kamei Yumeno , Ohkawara Kyohsuke
Published: June 2022

Many frugivorous birds act as seed dispersers for freshly fruited plants. Typically, one bird species has multiple plant partners, functioning as a generalist disperser. However, specific interactions also can be formed, depending on the traits of birds and plants. Our field observation from 2017 to 2019 suggested that Zosterops japonicus as frugivore prefers the fruits of Aralia elata and Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, thus dispersing the seeds locally in central Japan. In this study, we examined the factors of the preference by comparing the morphological traits among plants and observing foraging efficiency on each plant. The tree traits of the two plants were characterized by large crop size and high number of fruits that Z. japonicus can forage on a certain point of a branch (NFZ). Their fruits were also characterized by small size and high share of lipids in the edible parts. The traits of edible parts differed between the two plants; A. elata fruits had succulent pulps, whereas Z. ailanthoides fruits only contained oil composed of oleic aids. Additionally, the number of fruits per second consumed by Z. japonicus was significantly higher in the two plants than those in other plants. The foraging efficiency was enhanced by large crop size, large NFZ, small fruit size, and high lipid content of fruits. The high foraging efficiency may increase the preference of Z. japonicus for the two plants, leading to the specific interactions.
Clinician bias on the low‐resource workfloor
Authors: Verheijen Evelyn
Published: June 2022

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on R. Goldenberg et al., pp. 1993–2000. in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17220
Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning in food microbiology: Developments and challenges in detection of bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants
Authors: Soni Aswathi , Dixit Yash , Reis Marlon M. , Brightwell Gale
Published: June 2022

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a robust and nondestructive method that can detect foreign particles such as microbial, chemical, and physical contamination in food. This review summarizes the work done in the last two decades in this field with a highlight on challenges, risks, and research gaps. Considering the challenges of using HSI on complex matrices like food (e.g., the confounding and masking effects of background signals), application of machine learning and modeling approaches that have been successful in achieving better accuracy as well as increasing the detection limit have also been discussed here. Foodborne microbial contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeast, and protozoa are of interest and concern to food manufacturers due to the potential risk of either food poisoning or food spoilage. Detection of these contaminants using fast and efficient methods would not only prevent outbreaks and recalls but will also increase consumer acceptance and demand for shelf‐stable food products. The conventional culture‐based methods for microbial detection are time and labor‐intensive, whereas hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is robust, nondestructive with minimum sample preparation, and has gained significant attention due to its rapid approach to detection of microbial contaminants. This review is a comprehensive summary of the detection of bacterial, viral, and fungal contaminants in food with detailed emphasis on the specific modeling and datamining approaches used to overcome the specific challenges associated with background and data complexity.
Sudden death due to a massive hydatid pulmonary embolism secondary to a cardiac cyst rupture
Authors: Kort Ikram , Hmandi Ons , Bekir Olfa , Belhaj Azza , Jemail Leila , Allouche Mohamed , Belhadj Kacem Linda , Rammeh Soumaya , Ben Khelil Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Cardiac echinococcosis is rare, and its clinical evolution is slow and asymptomatic until complications occur such as sudden death. Although more frequent in endemic countries, hydatid disease should be known by forensic specialists with regard to the migration flows of people from zones with high endemicity and who are likely to die from infection. We report an autopsy case of a 33‐year‐old male without any medical history who presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath, chest tightness, tingling all over the body and faintness without fever. He died suddenly before the medical examination. Autopsy showed no traumatic injuries or signs of violence. A cardiac 7 cm multivesicular hydatid cyst situated on the interventricular septum and the interatrial septum was observed. The cyst was ruptured with a massive hydatid pulmonary embolism. Hydatid cysts were also observed in the lungs. No signs of anaphylactic shock were found. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was confirmed by histopathological examinations. Our case report highlights the mechanisms of occurrence of cardiac echinococcosis and hydatid pulmonary embolism as a complication, as well as the autopsy findings and the precautions needed by the forensic doctor.
Rates of MRI simulator utilisation in a tertiary cancer therapy centre
Authors: Tang Simon , Rai Robba , Vinod Shalini K , Elwadia Doaa , Forstner Dion , Moretti Daniel , Tran Thomas , Do Viet , King Odette , Lim Karen , Liney Gary , Goozee Gary , Holloway Lois
Published: June 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being integrated into the radiation oncology workflow, due to its improved soft tissue contrast without additional exposure to ionising radiation. A review of MRI utilisation according to evidence based departmental guidelines was performed. Guideline utilisation rates were calculated to be 50% (true utilisation rate was 46%) of all new cancer patients treated with adjuvant or curative intent, excluding simple skin and breast cancer patients. Guideline utilisation rates were highest in the lower gastrointestinal and gynaecological subsites, with the lowest being in the upper gastrointestinal and thorax subsites. Head and neck (38% vs 45%) and CNS (46% vs 67%) cancers had the largest discrepancy between true and guideline utilisation rates due to unnamed reasons and non‐contemporaneous diagnostic imaging respectively. This report outlines approximate MRI utilisation rates in a tertiary radiation oncology service and may help guide planning for future departments contemplating installation of an MRI simulator.
Loan officer gender and loan repayment performance. Evidence from greenfield microfinance institutions in Cameroon1
Authors: Tchakoute Tchuigoua Hubert
Published: June 2022

We explore whether loan officer gender affects loan repayment performance in Cameroonian microfinance institutions (MFIs). After controlling for demand‐side factors (borrower characteristics), lending methodology, loan contract terms, year, and industry fixed effects, we apply a pooled probit model to a unique loan‐level dataset including more than 7000 loans approved between 2007 and 2012 by two Cameroonian commercial MFIs. We find that loans granted and monitored by male loan officers perform better than those granted by female officers and that loans approved under joint liability contracts and monitored by male loan officers are less likely to fall into arrears. Our findings also show that the performance advantage of male loan officers over female officers is confirmed only during bad times. Compared to female loan officers, male loan officers seem to intensify their monitoring efforts during a crisis period. The results are robust after controlling for selection bias and are less sensitive to a change in the loan repayment performance measurement.
Income‐based inequalities in dental service utilization: A multiple mediation analysis
Authors: Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Mittinty Murthy , Brennan David S , Jamieson Lisa M
Published: June 2022

Objectives

With elimination of the financial burden of dental services, one can expect an increase in utilization of dental services. This study aimed to investigate the effective mechanisms of financial barriers to the utilization of dental services in an Australian adult population.

Methods

South Australian survey data from the Dental Care and Oral Health Study (2015) were analysed. Following the flexible mediation approach, the direct effect of income and indirect effect of income through mediators (insurance, concession card and service sector) on the outcomes (visit avoidance and treatment prevention due to the cost) were calculated.

Results

Findings showed that around half of the low‐income people and one‐third of the high‐income South Australians experienced a financial burden on receiving a dental visit or service. The indirect effect of income on both outcomes of financial burden was negligible, while the direct effect was significant. By changing the potential outcome distribution to their counterfactual exposure distribution and if the mediators are drawn from their counterfactual exposure (lower/higher income) distribution, the odds of visit avoidance and treatment prevention due to the cost were almost twice (Odds Ratio: 2.13, 95% CI 1.72–2.60) and 98% (Odds Ratio: 1.98, 95% CI 1.67–2.35) than in the lower‐income individuals, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the level of household income, directly and regardless of insurance status, concession card ownership and whether the service sector was public or private, affected the financial burden on utilization of dental services.
CVFont: Synthesizing Chinese Vector Fonts via Deep Layout Inferring
Authors: Lian Zhouhui , Gao Yichen
Published: June 2022

Creating a high‐quality Chinese vector font library, which can be directly used in real applications is time‐consuming and costly, since the font library typically consists of large amounts of vector glyphs. To address this problem, we propose a data‐driven system in which only a small number (about 10%) of Chinese glyphs need to be designed. Specifically, the system first automatically decomposes those input glyphs into vector components. Then, a layout prediction module based on deep neural networks is applied to learn the layout style of input characters. Finally, proper components are selected to assemble the glyph of each unseen character based on the predicted layout to build the font library that can be directly used in computers and smart mobile devices. Experimental results demonstrate that our system synthesizes high‐quality glyphs and significantly enhances the producing efficiency of Chinese vector fonts.
Moisture and distribution of a keratophagous moth, Tinea occidentella
Authors: Strong Donald R. , John Christian
Published: June 2022

Keratophagous insects consume proteinaceous foods (animal hair, feathers, and other substances containing keratin) that are low or even lacking in water, which necessitates a source of moisture beyond the primary diet.

Tinea occidentella Chambers 1880 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae), which feeds upon the keratin in fur and feathers in mammalian carnivore scat and in pellets of birds of prey (foods very low in water), affords an understanding of the ecology of keratophagous insects in nature. The common name “western clothes moth” is a misnomer as it does not eat clothes but only scat and pellets.

In laboratory experiments, we found that larvae did not absorb water vapour directly from the atmosphere, and they died at 45% rh–55% relative humidity (rh). We found no evidence that larvae drank. Larvae grew normally, had high survival, pupation, and eclosion only when feeding at very high (>88%–99%) rh upon fur from pellets and scat; the fur absorbed water from the atmosphere.

While scat and pellets are abundant throughout North America, T. occidentella is mostly restricted to the moist, mild climates of coastal central and southern California, where fog, dew, and morning high rh of 99% are common. Outside of this coastal envelope where growing season climate is warmer, drier, and becoming more so, the species is rare.

An intriguing notion, requiring research beyond the present report, is that the warming and drying climate of southwestern North America will contract the range of this insect.
City networks and the multi‐level governance of migration
Authors: Lacroix Thomas , Spencer Sarah
Published: June 2022

Hailed for their pragmatism, innovativeness and progressive views, cities and their networks seem to bring a fresh air in current migration debates. Our intent, in this special issue, is to address the scale and significance of this trend by contributing to a greater understanding of their networking activities. Revisiting the conceptual framework used in the literature to date, it addresses the diverse forms of networks, their drivers, internal operation and the functions they perform, at all levels of governance. This introductory paper starts with a review of the scholarship on migration‐related city networks. From there, we draw a more fine‐grained sense of the ambivalent role of city networks in the design and implementation of migration governance. The final part of this introduction introduces the papers included in this issue, pointing to the ways in which each casts significant new light on these aspects which, in the current literature, remain unresolved.
Osteocalcin association with vascular function in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Xinru , Li Yisha , Zhou Yena , Zhang Chun , Liang Shuang , Zheng Ying , Chen Xiangmei , Cai Guangyan
Published: June 2022

Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone‐derived and vitamin K dependent hormone that affects energy metabolism and vascular calcification. The relationship between serum OCN and vascular function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. This study investigated the association between serum OCN and vascular function as expressed with reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx) measured by Endo‐PAT 2000 device. This cross‐sectional analysis was based on 256 pre‐dialysis CKD patients who had completed the Endo‐PAT 2000 test and serum OCN at the First Center of Chinese PLA Hospital from November 2017 to December 2019. Based on whether the RHI was less than 1.67, the patients were divided into endothelial dysfunction and normal endothelial function groups. Multiple logistic and linear regression were used to analyze the association between OCN and vascular function. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the effects of OCN on vascular function in different CKD populations. After multivariate adjustment, CKD with low OCN were more likely to have endothelial dysfunction (OR: 0.794; 95%CI: 0.674‐0.934; P = .006); on the contrary, patients with high OCN had a higher degree of arterial stiffness (standardized β: 0.174; P = .003). Subgroup analyses showed that higher OCN was associated with severe arterial stiffness but a better endothelial function in young (age < 65 years, PRHI/PAIx@75 = .027/.011), male (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .040/.016), patients with a history of hypertension (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .004/.009) or diabetes (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .005/.005), and in early CKD (PRHI/PAIx@75 = .014/.015). In conclusion, serum OCN correlates with vascular function in CKD patients: beneficial for endothelial function but detrimental to arterial stiffness.
Changes in content of antioxidants and hydrolytic stability of black rice bran after heat‐ and enzymatic stabilizations and degradation kinetics during storage
Authors: Rattanathanan Yanisa , Kanha Nattapong , Osiriphun Sukhuntha , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Laokuldilok Thunnop
Published: June 2022

This research aimed to compare heat and enzymatic stabilization methods in terms of hydrolytic stability and changes in antioxidant compounds of rice bran during ambient storage. Raw non‐pigmented and black rice bran (RNB and RBB) showed high lipase activity (269.0 and 241.9 U/kg, respectively). Heat‐stabilized non‐pigmented and black rice bran samples (HNB and HBB) and enzymatically stabilized non‐pigmented and black rice bran samples (ENB and EBB) had much lower lipase activity (25.8 to 32.8 U/kg). Lipase activity was not increased in the stabilized samples during 8‐week storage and had high hydrolytic stability. Compared with raw rice bran, tocols, and anthocyanin contents in HNB and HBB decreased significantly, but γ‐oryzanol increased significantly, while all antioxidant compounds in ENB and EBB increased significantly. Antioxidant contents of rice bran decreased during storage following zero‐ and first‐order reaction kinetics. EBB showed the lowest k and the highest t1/2 values, indicating more stability of these antioxidants.

Novelty impact statement

In this study, the effects of stabilization processes (including heat and enzymatic methods) on lipase inhibition and antioxidant contents in black rice bran are reported for the first time. Moreover, the changes in antioxidant contents in rice bran have been little studied, with no studies on black rice bran. This work proposes enzymatically stabilized black rice bran with high antioxidant content and high storage stability as a potent source of natural antioxidants suitable for use in the food industry.
Becoming Jane Barney: Developing a generative identity as an engaged citizen
Authors: Newton Nicky J. , Stewart Abigail J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

We propose that analysis of the life of Jane Lockwood Barney provides insight into the notion of a “generative identity”—an integrated sense of self constructed around caring for others and the world. During her 104 years, the socially prescribed roles for women grew in range; Barney's own roles included minister's wife, mother of four, theological philosopher, social work student and professional, and community activist. We outline her life, focusing on three periods defined by her time at Parishfield, a Christian ‘think tank’ that focused on community‐engaged advocacy for structural change, based in Brighton, Michigan.

Method

Using thematic analysis, we identify three main themes from documents written by and about Barney, as well as interviews conducted later in her life.

Results

Consistent with Erikson's notion of epigenesis, these themes—belonging, self‐reliance/self‐expression and generative identity—are evident throughout Barney's adult life to varying degrees. However, we show that the first two themes, belonging and self‐reliance/self‐expression, act as precursors to the development of her generative identity.

Conclusion

Barney's experience at Parishfield in midlife was pivotal to her generative identity, acting as a sort of crucible and turning point; from that time forward the focus of her activities broadened to caring and working tirelessly for the underserved in her community.
When family interrupted work: The implications of gendered role perception in the face of COVID‐19
Authors: Lee S. Susie , Chao Melody M. , He Hongwei
Published: June 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, many individuals are confronted with the work‐from‐home challenge, which often results in work‐family interference. Although prior to COVID‐19, the influence of traditional gender role expectations was shown to be reduced over time, it is unclear whether and how such traditional worldview might influence judgments towards men and women when family interrupted work under the threat of COVID‐19. This study presented and tested competing predictions derived from the gender role theory. An experimental study with 971 adults showed that during (vs. before) COVID‐19 pandemic, men were evaluated more negatively when they experienced family interruption to work compared with women. The negative evaluation further led to more punitive reactions and less support at work. The results suggested that gender role expectations reinforced the traditional status quo by punishing status‐quo‐breakers under the threat of COVID‐19.
Dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate supplementation can effectively improve growth, digestive enzyme activities, immune‐related gene expression, disease resistance, and intestinal mucosal barrier of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Peng , Wang Zisheng , Lv Tingli , Li Xiaoxia , Tian Hongyan , Zhang Yichan , Cang Pingping , Chi Shuang , Sun Yuyu , Qiao Guo
Published: June 2022

Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can promote growth and enhance immunity of aquatic animals such as gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. However, the optimal dietary supplementation level and feeding duration for gibel carp are still unclear. In this study, effects of various PHB supplementation levels on gibel carp growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune function, disease resistance, and intestinal mucosal barrier were evaluated. Six experimental diets differing in PHB levels were formulated, that is, 0% (P0 as control), 0.5% (P0.5), 1% (P1), 2% (P2), 4% (P4), and 8% (P8). Results indicated that PHB promoted fish growth performance significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to control group P0, the intestinal lipase, protease, and amylase activities in group P4 were significantly increased after 30 days (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary PHB supplementation at 4% level for 30 days and 0.5% for 60 days upregulated the mRNA expression of immune‐related genes, including IL‐11, ITLN, MPO, KRT‐8, DUSP‐1, and PNP‐5α (p < 0.01). Furthermore, PHB at 4% for 30 days showed positive effects on disease resistance against both viral and bacterial infections and exerted beneficial effects on maintaining epithelial mucosal barrier integrity. In conclusion, 4% PHB supplementation for 30 days or 0.5% for 60 days was recommended for gibel carp culture.
Final safety and efficacy results from a 106 real‐world patients registry with an ascites‐mobilizing pump
Authors: Stirnimann Guido , Berg Thomas , Spahr Laurent , Zeuzem Stefan , McPherson Stuart , Lammert Frank , Storni Federico , Banz Vanessa , Babatz Jana , Vargas Victor , Geier Andreas , Engelmann Cornelius , Herber Adam , Trepte Claudia , Capel Jeroen , De Gottardi Andrea
Published: June 2022

Background and aims

Patients with cirrhotic refractory ascites ineligible for transjugular intrahepatic shunt (TIPSS) have limited treatment options apart from repeated large volume paracentesis. The alfapump® is an implantable device mobilizing ascites from the peritoneal cavity to the bladder, from where it can be excreted. The aim of this observational cohort study was to prospectively investigate safety and efficacy of the device in a real‐world cohort with cirrhotic refractory ascites and contraindications for TIPSS.

Methods

A total of 106 patients received an implant at 12 European centres and were followed up for up to 24 months. Complications, device deficiencies, frequency of paracentesis, clinical status and survival were recorded prospectively.

Results

Approximately half of the patients died on‐study, about a quarter was withdrawn because of serious adverse events leading to explant, a sixth were withdrawn because of liver transplant or recovery, and nine completed follow‐up. The most frequent causes of on‐study death and complication‐related explant were progression of liver disease and infection. The device reduced the requirement for large‐volume paracentesis significantly, with more than half of patients not having required any post‐implant. Survival benefits were not observed. Device‐related reinterventions were predominantly caused by device deficiencies. A post‐hoc comparison of the first 50 versus the last 50 patients enrolled revealed a decreased reintervention rate in the latter, mainly related to peritoneal catheter modifications.

Conclusions

The device reduced paracentesis frequency in a real‐world setting. Technical complications were successfully decreased by optimization of management and device modification (NCT01532427).
The role and interaction between transcription factor NAC‐NOR and DNA demethylase SlDML2 in the biosynthesis of tomato fruit flavor volatiles
Authors: Gao Ying , Lin Yujing , Xu Min , Bian Hanxiao , Zhang Chi , Wang Jingyu , Wang Hanqing , Xu Yaping , Niu Qingfeng , Zuo Jinhua , Fu Da‐Qi , Pan Yu , Chen Kunsong , Klee Harry , Lang Zhaobo , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2022

Flavor‐imparting volatile chemicals accumulate as fruits ripen, making major contributions to taste. The NAC transcription factor nonripening (NAC‐NOR) and DNA demethylase 2 (SlDML2) are essential for tomato fruit ripening, but details of the potential roles and the relationship between these two regulators in the synthesis of volatiles are lacking.

Here, we show substantial reductions in fatty acid and carotenoid‐derived volatiles in tomato slnor and sldml2 mutants. An unexpected finding is the redundancy and divergence in volatile profiles, biosynthetic gene expression, and DNA methylation in slnor and sldml2 mutants relative to wild‐type tomato fruit. Reduced transcript levels are accompanied by hypermethylation of promoters, including the NAC‐NOR target gene lipoxygenase (SlLOXC) that is involved in fatty acid‐derived volatile synthesis.

Interestingly, NAC‐NOR activates SlDML2 expression by directly binding to its promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, reduced NAC‐NOR expression in the sldml2 mutant is accompanied by hypermethylation of its promoter. These results reveal a relationship between SlDML2‐mediated DNA demethylation and NAC‐NOR during tomato fruit ripening.

In addition to providing new insights into the metabolic modulation of flavor volatiles, the outcome of our study contributes to understanding the genetics and control of fruit ripening and quality attributes in tomato.
An improved scoring system for monitoring oral lichen planus: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Wu Ying , Xu Hao , Wang Yufeng , Li Chunlei , Tang Guoyao , Hua Hong , Li Xiaoying , Jin Xin , Zeng Xin , Zhou Yu , Chen Qianming
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To design an improved oral lichen planus (OLP) scoring system, which can be widely applied.

Subjects and Methods

A new scoring system that took reticulation, hyperemia and ulceration (RHU) into account, named as RHU scoring system, was designed for OLP patients' management. The patients were also scored for the reticulation/erythema/ulcer (REU) scoring system, physician global assessment (PGA), numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14). The reliability and validity analyses were utilized to assess the RHU scoring system. We further applied the RHU scoring system to examine the treatment outcomes of topical dexamethasone sodium phosphate and general hydroxychloroquine hydrochloride among OLP patients.

Results

Forty‐eight OLP patients from two medical centers were recruited. This new scoring system has reliability with an internal consistency index Cronbach α 0.49. The Pearson correlation of RHU score with PGA and REU score were 0.891 and 0.675 (p < 0.05) respectively, reflecting satisfactory standard validity. A 10% change in RHU score was used as the disease condition evaluation standard, reflecting satisfactory discriminating validity (t = −5.821, p < 0.001). During follow‐ups, scores of all scales decreased at each re‐visit. The drop between each visit of OHIP‐14 fluctuated compared with the RHU system and NRS.

Conclusions

As a semi‐quantitative score system, the RHU scoring system can reflect the severity of OLP patients with hyperemia and ulceration lesions more accurately and sensitively compared with other score systems, which provides the potential to be widely used.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Respiratory Complications following Posterior Spinal Instrumentation in Children with Early‐onset Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yingsong , Xie Jingming , Bi Ni , Zhao Zhi , Li Tao , Shi Zhiyue , Huang Tianyi , Gao Bing , Gu Kaiwen , Li Wuyao
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of postoperative respiratory complications (PRCs) in children with early‐onset scoliosis (EOS) following posterior spine deformity surgery (PSDS) based on growth‐friendly techniques, so as to help improve the safety of surgery.

Methods

A retrospective study of children with EOS admitted for PSDS based on growth‐friendly techniques from October 2013 to October 2018 was reviewed at a single center. There were 73 children (30 boys, 43 girls) who fulfilled the criteria in this research. The mean age of the patients was 7 ± 6.2 years. Patients were divided into the groups with and without PRCs. Variables that might affect the PRCs during the perioperative period, including general factors, radiographic factors, laboratory factors and surgical factors, were analyzed using univariate analysis to evaluate the potential risk factors. The variables that were significantly different were further analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis to identify the independent factors of PRCs.

Results

All the 73 children included 42 idiopathic scoliosis (57.5%), 12 congenital scoliosis (16.4%), 10 syndromic scoliosis (13.7%) and nine neuromuscular scoliosis (12.3%). PRCs were detected in 16 children (21.9%) with nine different PRCs. The total frequency of detected PRCs was 54, including pleural effusion (25.9%), postoperative pneumonia (20.4%), hypoxemia (18.5%), atelectasis (14.8%), prolonged intubation with mechanical positive pressure ventilatory support (PIMPPVS) (7.4%), bronchospasm (3.7%), reintubation (3.7%), delayed extubation (3.7%) and pneumothorax (1.9%). Results of univariate testing demonstrated that the following six variables were statistically different (P < 0.05): nonidiopathic scoliosis, combined with pulmonary comorbidities, pretransferrin < 200 mg/dL, prealbumin < 3.5 g/dL, anesthesia time ≥ 300 min and blood loss to total blood volume ratio (BL/TBV) ≥ 15%. Binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that BL/TBV≥15% (odd ratio OR = 29.188, P = 0.010), combined with pulmonary comorbidities (OR = 19.216, P = 0.012), pretransferrin < 200 mg/dL (OR = 11.503, p = 0.024), and nonidiopathic scoliosis (OR = 7.632, P = 0.046) were positively linear correlated with PRCs in children with EOS following PSDS.

Conclusion

PRCs has a higher incidence in children with EOS following PSDS. BL/TBV ≥15%, combined with pulmonary comorbidities, pre‐transferrin < 200 mg/dL, and nonidiopathic scoliosis play an important role for the development of PRCs in this population.
Triple access transvenous lead extraction: Pull‐through of a lead from subclavian to jugular access to facilitate extraction
Authors: Akhtar Zaki , Zaman Khiast Ullah , Leung Lisa WM , Zuberi Zia , Sohal Manav , Gallagher Mark M.
Published: June 2022

A 39‐years old ventricular lead of a right‐sided single‐chamber pacemaker required extraction for infection. Angulation at the right subclavian‐superior vena cava junction coupled with calcified fibrotic encapsulating tissue prevented advancement of a rotational dissecting sheath. To straighten the lead, it was pulled from the subclavian and out of the right internal jugular vein, whilst the Needle's‐Eye Snare via the femoral access provided counter‐traction. A 13‐french rotational dissecting sheath was successfully advanced over the lead via the jugular access to complete the lead extraction without any complication.
Is virulence phenotype evolution driven exclusively by Lr gene deployment in French Puccinia triticina populations?
Authors: Fontyn Cécilia , Zippert Anne‐Catherine , Delestre Ghislain , Marcel Thierry C. , Suffert Frédéric , Goyeau Henriette
Published: June 2022

Puccinia triticina is a highly damaging wheat pathogen. The efficacy of leaf rust control by genetic resistance is mitigated by the adaptive capacity of the pathogen, expressed as changes in its virulence combinations (pathotypes). An extensive P. triticina population survey has been carried out in France over the last 30 years, describing the evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen in response to cultivar deployment. We analysed the data set for the 2006–2016 period to determine the relationship between the Lr genes in the cultivars and virulence in the pathotypes. Rust populations were dominated by a small number of pathotypes, with variations in most of the virulence frequencies related to the corresponding Lr gene frequencies in the cultivated landscape. Furthermore, the emergence and spread of a new virulence matched the introduction and use of the corresponding Lr gene (Lr28), confirming that the deployment of qualitative resistance genes is an essential driver of evolution in P. triticina populations. However, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that certain pathotype–cultivar associations cannot be explained solely by the distribution of Lr genes in the landscape. This conclusion is supported by the predominance of a few pathotypes on some cultivars, with the persistence of several other compatible pathotypes at low frequencies. Specific interactions are not, therefore, sufficient to explain the distribution of virulence in rust populations. The hypothesis that quantitative interactions between P. triticina populations and bread wheat cultivars—based on differences in aggressiveness—is also a driver of changes in pathotype frequencies deserves further investigation.
Electrophysiological correlates of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy in spider phobia
Authors: Wiens Stefan , Eklund Rasmus , Szychowska Malina , Miloff Alexander , Cosme Danielle , Pierzchajlo Stephen , Carlbring Per
Published: June 2022

Specific phobia can be treated successfully with exposure therapy. Although exposure therapy has strong effects on self‐reported ratings and behavioral avoidance, effects on measures derived from electroencephalography (EEG) are scant and unclear. To fill this gap, spider‐phobic individuals received either in‐vivo or virtual reality exposure treatment. Patients were tested twice (one week before and after treatment), and control subjects once. In each session, EEG was recorded to spider pictures as well as other positive, negative, and neutral pictures. During EEG recording, participants performed a simple detection task while task‐irrelevant pictures were shown in the background. The task was used to reduce potential confounding effects from shifts of attention. After the task, subjects were shown the pictures again and rated each in terms of their emotional reaction (arousal and pleasantness). The results showed that before treatment, patients rated spiders as more negative than did control subjects. Patients also showed elevated early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) to spiders. After treatment, the negative emotional ratings of spiders were substantially reduced. Critically, Bayesian analyses suggested that EPN and LPP were unaffected by treatment and that the treatment groups did not differ in their responses (EPN, LPP, and ratings). These findings suggest that the effects of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy are similar and that the initial stages of motivated attention (EPN and LPP) are unaffected by treatment.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 3
Authors: Goh Joanna Xuan Hui , Tan Loh Teng‐Hern , Law Jodi Woan‐Fei , Ser Hooi‐Leng , Khaw Kooi‐Yeong , Letchumanan Vengadesh , Lee Learn‐Han , Goh Bey‐Hing
Published: June 2022

The cover image is based on the Review Article Harnessing the potentialities of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics for shrimp farming by Joanna Xuan Hui Goh et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12659

image
Impact of medium cut‐off membranes on S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products
Authors: Korucu Berfu , Yeter Hasan , Gonen Sevim , Derici Mehmet Kursat , Ronco Claudio , Derici Ulver
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Of the most remarkable molecules associated with atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular outcome are S100A12 (10,379.5 Da) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE‐42,803 Da) in the hemodialysis (HD) population. We designed a study investigating the effects of the medium cut‐off (MCO) dialyzers focusing on S100A12 and sRAGE in HD patients compared with low‐flux and high‐flux dialyzers.

Methods

This single‐site, prospective, observational study comprises age and sex‐matched HD groups (low‐flux, high‐flux, and MCO). Blood samples were drawn at baseline (predialysis and postdialysis) and the sixth month (predialysis).

Results

Groups had similar demographic features and laboratory parameters. Baseline S100A12 levels of the groups were similar [34.3 (±66.5), 30.9 (±42.7), and 40.6 (±29.6); p = 0.13]. Compared to their baseline, the sixth‐month S100A12 levels were constant in low‐flux and high‐flux group and significantly lower in MCO group (p = 0.16, p = 0.33, and p = 0.004). Baseline sRAGE levels of the groups were similar at baseline [2.8 (±0.8), 2.7 (±0.6), and 2.6 (±0.7); p = 0.65], and the sixth‐month [2.9 (±0.5), 2.4 (±0.7), and 2.4 (±0.8); p = 0.24]. sRAGE levels remained constant in all groups [p = 0.84, p = 0.13, and p = 0.39]. S100A12/sRAGE ratio at baseline and sixth month was constant in low‐flux [22.3 (±63.7) and 18.1 (±24.8); p = 0.17] and high‐flux groups [11.9 (±15.3) and 13.1 (±5.8); p = 0.26], the ratio decreased significantly in MCO group [16.5 (±11.6) to 7.8 (±5.5); p = 0.03].

Conclusion

Our study suggests that prolonged use of MCO dialyzers is associated with better S100A12 and sRAGE levels. Long‐term studies with larger samples are needed to understand the effects of a better S100A12‐sRAGE profile provided by MCO dialyzers on HD patients' cardiovascular outcomes.
What matters for adolescent suicidality: Depressive symptoms or fixed mindsets? Examination of cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between fixed mindsets and suicidal ideation
Authors: Zhu Shimin , Wong Paul W. C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Fixed mindsets or beliefs about the non‐malleability of self‐attributes are linked to a wide range of negative psychological outcomes. Its association with suicidal ideation (SI) among young people has not been explored.

Objectives

To examine the association of fixed mindsets of depression, anxiety, and stress and SI; and its mediating role underlying the association between depression and SI.

Methods

A sample of 1393 adolescents (Mage = 13.04, SD = 0.85, 640 boys) from 11 middle schools voluntarily participated in a two‐wave longitudinal study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic with a 9‐month interval.

Results

Both depressive symptoms and fixed mindsets were positively and significantly associated with concurrent and future suicidality, after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic status and previous SI. Participants with stronger fixed mindsets were more likely to have SI than those with only depressive symptoms. Also, fixed mindsets mediated the association between depressive symptoms and SI in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal models.

Conclusion

The current study provides empirical evidence of the effects of fixed mindsets and SI and the mediating role of fixed mindset between depressive symptoms and SI among young people. Interventions to foster a growth mindset may enhance hope and reduce suicidality among adolescents.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPB1*02:01:63 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: June 2022

HLA‐DPB1*02:01:63 differs from HLA‐DPB1*02:01:02:04 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 144 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:53 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Troiano Maria , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: June 2022

HLA‐DQA1*05:53 differs from HLA‐DQA1*05:05:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 221 in exon 4.
Lean body weight‐adjusted intravenous iodinated contrast dose for abdominal CT in dogs reduces interpatient enhancement variability while providing diagnostic quality organ enhancement
Authors: Kan Jennifer , Milne Marjorie , Tyrrell Dayle , Mansfield Caroline
Published: June 2022

Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is increasingly used to screen for abdominal pathology in dogs, and the contrast dose used is commonly calculated as a linear function of total body weight (TBW). Body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting contrast medium (CM) in the blood. This prospective, analytic, cross‐section design pilot study aimed to establish the feasibility of intravenous CM dosed according to lean body weight (LBW) for abdominal CECT in dogs compared to TBW. We hypothesized that when dosing intravenous CM according to LBW, studies will remain at diagnostic quality, there will be a reduced interindividual contrast enhancement (CE) variability, and there will be less change to heart rate and blood pressure in dogs compared to when administering CM calculated on TBW. Twelve dogs had two CECT studies with contrast doses according to TBW and LBW at least 8 weeks apart. Interindividual organ and vessel CE variability, diagnostic quality of the studies, and changes in physiological status were compared between protocols. The LBW‐based protocol provided less variability in the CE of most organs and vessels (except the aorta). When dosed according to LBW, liver enhancement was positively associated with grams of iodine per kg TBW during the portal venous phase (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in physiological parameters after CM administration between dosing protocols. Our conclusion is that a CM dose based on LBW for abdominal CECT lowers interindividual CE variability and is effective at maintaining studies of diagnostic quality.
Topological phase change transistors based on tellurium Weyl semiconductor
Authors: Chen Jiewei , Zhang Ting , Wang Jingli , Xu Lin , Lin Ziyuan , Liu Jidong , Wang Cong , Zhang Ning , Lau Shu Ping , Zhang Wenjing , Chhowalla Manish , Chai Yang
Published: June 2022

Modern electronics demand transistors with extremely high performance and energy efficiency. Charge-based transistors with conventional semiconductors experience substantial heat dissipation because of carrier scattering. Here, we demonstrate low-loss topological phase change transistors (TPCTs) based on tellurium, a Weyl semiconductor. By modulating the energy separation between the Fermi level and the Weyl point of tellurium through electrostatic gate modulation, the device exhibits topological phase change between Weyl (Chern number ≠ 0) and conventional (Chern number = 0) semiconductors. In the Weyl ON state, the device has low-loss transport characteristics due to the global topology of gauge fields against external perturbations; the OFF state exhibits trivial charge transport in the conventional phase by moving the Fermi level into the bandgap. The TPCTs show a high ON/OFF ratio (108) at low operation voltage (≤2 volts) and high ON-state conductance (39 mS/μm). Our studies provide alternative strategies for realizing ultralow power electronics.
Cohesin-dependent chromosome loop extrusion is limited by transcription and stalled replication forks
Authors: Jeppsson Kristian , Sakata Toyonori , Nakato Ryuichiro , Milanova Stefina , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Björkegren Camilla
Published: June 2022

Genome function depends on regulated chromosome folding, and loop extrusion by the protein complex cohesin is essential for this multilayered organization. The chromosomal positioning of cohesin is controlled by transcription, and the complex also localizes to stalled replication forks. However, the role of transcription and replication in chromosome looping remains unclear. Here, we show that reduction of chromosome-bound RNA polymerase weakens normal cohesin loop extrusion boundaries, allowing cohesin to form new long-range chromosome cis interactions. Stress response genes induced by transcription inhibition are also shown to act as new loop extrusion boundaries. Furthermore, cohesin loop extrusion during early S phase is jointly controlled by transcription and replication units. Together, the results reveal that replication and transcription machineries are chromosome-folding regulators that block the progression of loop-extruding cohesin, opening for new perspectives on cohesin’s roles in genome function and stability.
Accurate measurement of the Sagnac effect for matter waves
Authors: Gautier Romain , Guessoum Mohamed , Sidorenkov Leonid A. , Bouton Quentin , Landragin Arnaud , Geiger Remi
Published: June 2022

A rotating interferometer with paths that enclose a physical area exhibits a phase shift proportional to this area and to the rotation rate of the frame. Understanding the origin of this so-called Sagnac effect has played a key role in the establishment of the theory of relativity and has pushed for the development of precision optical interferometers. The fundamental importance of the Sagnac effect motivated the realization of experiments to test its validity for waves beyond optical, but precision measurements remained a challenge. Here, we report the accurate test of the Sagnac effect for matter waves, by using a Cesium atom interferometer featuring a geometrical area of 11 cm
2
and two sensitive axes of measurements. We measure the phase shift induced by Earth’s rotation and find agreement with the theoretical prediction at an accuracy level of 25 parts per million. Beyond the importance for fundamental physics, our work opens practical applications in seismology and geodesy.