bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Drug Facts Label for nonprescription drugs meet its design objectives? A new procedure for assessing label effectiveness
Authors: Ryan Michael P , Costello-White Reagan N
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate an expanded procedure for assessing drug-label comprehension. Innovations include a pretest of drug preconceptions, verbal ability and label attentiveness measures, a label-scanning task, a free-recall test, category-clustering measures, and preconception-change scores. In total, 55 female and 39 male undergraduates read a facsimile Drug Facts Label for aspirin, a Cohesive-Prose Label, or a Scrambled-Prose Label. The Drug Facts Label outperformed the Scrambled-Prose Label, but not the Cohesive-Prose Label, in scanning effectiveness. The Drug Facts Label was no better than the Cohesive-Prose Label or the Scrambled-Prose Label in promoting attentiveness, recall and organization of drug facts, or misconception refutation. Discussion focuses on the need for refutational labels based on a sequence-of-events text schema.
The labour of communicating publics: Participatory platforms, socio-technical intermediaries and pluralistic expertise
Authors: Swist Teresa , Magee Liam , Phuong Judy , Sweeting David
Published: August 2017

Kolorob is a participatory platform connecting informal settlement communities with services and informal jobs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Alongside technological systems, expertise from community, non-government, private-sector, volunteer and academic fields has been integral to the platform’s development. These socio-technical connections and networks, manifest through participatory design, agile software development and collaborative knowledge practices, have become productively entangled in the labour of platform production. We introduce a framework, participatory platform analysis, through which distinct layers – in the form of audiences, intermediaries, interfaces and databases – of this labour can be distinguished and examined. Our analysis draws upon focus group discussions, conducted in Mirpur in 2016 with emergent experts: youth facilitators, field officers and developers. We argue that the interests and tensions of co-designing participatory platforms relating to matters of public concern in South Asian mega-cities are reflective of the rising hybridity of expertise, generated through both institutional training and grass-roots practice, in contemporary urban life. The ‘narrative of expertise in the future’ compels us to recode knowledge production in the here and now: how we are making participatory platforms, the role of socio-technical expertise and the labour of communicating publics.
Participating in reflection seminars: Progressing towards a deeper understanding of caring science described by nursing students
Authors: Knutsson Susanne , Lundvall Maria , Lindberg Elisabeth
Published: August 2017

Few studies focus on how reflection seminars can support the learning of knowledge in caring science when inserted throughout the curriculum. The aim of this study was to describe students’ experiences of participating in reflection seminars, using lifeworld theory and focusing on caring science. A qualitative descriptive study based on interviews was carried out, and ten students between 21 and 33 years of age volunteered to participate. A reflective lifeworld research approach was used. Reflection seminars contribute to developing students’ ability to relate to caring and life. A deeper understanding is obtained when reflection sessions are spread over a longer period and when reflection becomes a process. The process helps caring science to become more natural and useful. Reflective seminaries based on a theoretical foundation contribute to facilitate learning more readily. A good atmosphere pervaded by a lifeworld perspective characterized by openness and thoughtfulness contributes to learning.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: A Technology Primer
Authors: Baun Jim
Published: August 2017

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively new addition to the diagnostic armamentarium in the United States. The pairing of intravenously injected contrast agents with advanced ultrasound image processing techniques permits improved detection and characterization of different tissue types compared with conventional sonography. The use and efficacy of CEUS is well established in echocardiographic applications in the United States and in many other applications worldwide. Recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of an ultrasound contrast agent for use in evaluating adult and pediatric hepatic pathology opens the door to a new era in sonographic diagnosis. An understanding of the underlying physical and technical principles of CEUS is essential for the accurate interpretation of the information obtained from this exciting emerging modality.
Perceptıon scale of barrıers to contraceptıve use: a methodologıcal study
Authors: Sen Selma , Cetinkaya Aynur , Cavuslar Aysel
Published: August 2017

Background

The objective of this study was to design and develop the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use (PSBCU) as a measurement tool for the qualitative assessment of the barriers and obstacles women perceived with regard to contraceptive use or low rates of contraceptive use in women using family planning services.

Method

The data for this methodological study were collected using the face-to-face interview technique from 320 married women between the ages of 15-49 who were attending clinics at the Hafsa Sultan Hospital, CBU. The data collection tools used in the study, which was carried out from May to September 2014, were the “Introductory Information Form” and the “Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use”. Language validity and construct validity (explanatory factor analysis) were applied in order to test the validity of the Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use.

Results

Kaiser Meier Olkin (KMO) analysis was performed to determine the availability of the scale for the size of participants. The sample adequacy calculated as the KMO value was 0.916 and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (X2 = 6721.793 p < 0.000) sample size analysis value was found to be sufficient for factor analysis. The total Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 34 items which included three factors explaining 54.95% of the variance after Varimax rotation was calculated to be 0.95. The largest factor was the “cognitive domain” explaining 18.89% of the variance, followed by the “emotional domain” explaining 18.05% of the variance, and finally the “social domain” explaining 18.01% of the variance. Item-total score correlation coefficients of scale items were found to be between 0.54 and 0.83.

Conclusions

The study demonstrateded that the “Perception Scale of Barriers to Contraceptive Use” was valid and reliable. We believe that the scale is suitable for use by women in a family planning education and training programs in order to evaluate their situation. It should also be assessed for validity and reliability for different groups (adolescents, men, etc.).
Identification of compounds that decrease numbers of Mycobacteria in human macrophages in the presence of serum amyloid P
Authors: Xiang Wang , Cox Nehemiah , Gomer Richard H
Published: August 2017

Mϕs are a heterogeneous population of cells and include classically activated Mϕs (M1) and alternatively activated Mϕs (M2). Mϕs can change from M1 to M2 and vice versa in response to environmental stimuli. Serum amyloid P (SAP) is a constitutive plasma protein that polarizes Mϕs to an M2 phenotype, and part of this effect is mediated through FcγRI receptors. In an effort to find ways to alter Mϕs phenotypes, we screened for compounds that can block the SAP–FcγRI interaction. From a screen of 3000 compounds, we found 12 compounds that reduced the ability of fluorescently labeled human SAP to bind cells expressing human FcγRI. Based on cell surface marker expression, 8 of the compounds inhibited the effect of SAP on skewing human Mϕs to an M2 phenotype and in the presence of SAP polarized Mϕs to an M1 phenotype. In diseases, such as tuberculosis, M1s are more effective at killing bacteria than M2s. SAP potentiated the numbers of the mycobacterial strains Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mϕs. When added along with SAP, 2 of the compounds reduced intracellular Mycobacterium numbers. Together, these results indicate that the blocking of SAP effects on Mϕs can skew these cells toward an M1 phenotype, and this may be useful in treating diseases, such as tuberculosis.
Rayleigh-Marchenko redatuming for target-oriented, true-amplitude imaging
Authors: Ravasi Matteo
Published: August 2017

Marchenko redatuming is a revolutionary technique to estimate Green’s functions from virtual sources in the subsurface using only data measured at the earth’s surface, without having to place either sources or receivers in the subsurface. This goal is achieved by crafting special wavefields (so-called focusing functions) that can focus energy at a chosen point in the subsurface. Despite its great potential, strict requirements on the reflection response such as knowledge and accurate deconvolution of the source wavelet (including absolute scaling factor) and co-location of sources and receivers have so far challenged the application of Marchenko redatuming to real-world scenarios. I combine the coupled Marchenko equations with a one-way version of the Rayleigh integral representation to obtain a new redatuming scheme that handles internal as well as free-surface multiples using dual-sensor, band-limited seismic data (with an unknown source signature) from any acquisition system that presents arbitrarily located sources above a line of regularly sampled receivers—for example, ocean-bottom, source-over-spread streamer, and horizontal borehole seismic data. The redatuming scheme is validated using synthetic and field data, and the retrieved subsurface wavefields are used for improved structural imaging and taken as input for the computation of true-amplitude angle gathers, which can lead to more accurate amplitude-versus-angle interpretation and velocity analysis.
Milton, Modernity, and the Periodization of Politics
Authors: Morrissey Lee
Published: August 2017

Periodized “modernity” unnecessarily polarizes Milton’s reception. His experience of modernity in the seventeenth century confounds the Enlightenment distinctions usually made about modernity. The periodized idea of modernity that continues to shape the study of Milton is dated, even antiquated, because it is treated as a period. It seems as if a generation has learned to read Restoration poetry through Dryden, and from Dryden to assume that poetry published during the Restoration must be poetry about the Restoration. Milton does not read his sources the way that periodizing scholarship has been reading his poetry. Readers can approach Milton’s works as he approached his earlier sources: to see what they might offer our understanding of events in our contexts, that is, anachronistically. Reading anachronistically is, after all, one of the principal advantages and pleasures of fiction, of literary study, and of metaphor. The alternative to what has been called “the poverty of context” is the richness and variety of poetic contexts, understood diachronically.
Milton and the Divisions of History
Authors: Nohrnberg James
Published: August 2017

Milton’s thinking and oeuvre divide historical time and place the poet and his subjects on the verges of periodizing metamorphoses: different eras of epistemology, religious dispensations, archaeologies of knowledge, kinds of global consciousness, rival explanations of natural phenomena, and opposed physical and/or ethical sympathies. The copresence of polarized historical periods in Milton’s work remains a distinguishing feature; examples from preceding and succeeding periods make the case for recognizing in Milton a pivotal moment in English literary history and the history of ideas. In major fictions and narrations Milton’s poetry apperceives, thematizes, and embodies—prehensively, as it were—a unique occasion of historical change, as if from BC to AD: from John Dee to Robert Boyle, or from occult correspondences and secret world-connecting sympathies, to mechanical operations, controlled and repeatable experiments, and measurement-based, post-Baconian science. Milton’s Eve sins as the world’s first experimentalist and in effect breaks the World-Soul’s cosmic heart: even as Spenser’s Agape had previously re-created it allegorically, Neoplatonically, and metaphysically, and as philosophies of social consensus and psychologies of empathetic affect recollected it sentimentally and benevolently. Post-Miltonically, Satan has earned sympathy or pity: upon Sin’s attaching our world with a great chain of necessitarian and material causality.
The Soundscape of the Dying Pagan Gods in Milton’sNativity Ode
Authors: Hui Andrew
Published: August 2017

Milton’s Nativity Ode is both noisy and quiet. It stages the collision of the classical and Christian traditions by retrieving the cessation-of-oracles topos, a myth transmitted from Plutarch, Eusebius, and Prudentius to Rabelais, Tasso, and Spenser. Milton’s innovation is to enfold the multiple voices of antiquity and the singular voice of the newborn Christ into a narrative about the poet’s own development. In the silencing of the pagan oracles, celebration and lamentation converge. By purging the old gods’ wailing, the poem prepares for the silent purity of the newborn babe and the inauguration of the young author’s voice.
Language, Body, Drive: RereadingTotem and Taboothrough Jakobson and Lacan
Authors: Librett Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2017

This essay examines the excessive structure and functioning of the drive, on the limit between language and the organic body, in Totem and Taboo. To shed new light on the relationship between language and the jouissance of the drive, as well as the primal horde myth, the author draws on Roman Jakobson’s theory of metaphor and metonymy, more specifically, his infrequently noted comments on the undecidability of their interrelationship. In terms of this undecidability, the essay reconsiders Freud’s treatments of the relations between the savage and the neurotic, totemism and exogamy, and magic and obsessional rituals. Finally, the essay touches upon the body (in relation to language and the drives) in terms of the anxiety of “touch” characteristic of taboo.
A novel high-throughput yeast genetic screen for factors modifying protein levels of the Early-Onset Torsion Dystonia-associated variant torsinAΔE
Authors: Zacchi Lucía F. , Dittmar John C. , Mihalevic Michael J. , Shewan Annette M. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Brodsky Jeffrey L. , Bernstein Kara A.
Published: August 2017

Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, but its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. One of the most severe types of Dystonia is Early-Onset Torsion Dystonia (EOTD). The best studied and validated EOTD-associated mutation, torsinAΔE, is a deletion of a C-terminal glutamate residue in the AAA+ ATPase, torsinA. TorsinA appears to be an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)/Nuclear Envelope chaperone with multiple roles in the secretory pathway and in determining subcellular architecture. Many functions are disabled in the torsinAΔE variant, and torsinAΔE is also less stable than wild-type torsinA and is a substrate for ER-associated degradation. Nevertheless, the molecular factors involved in torsinA and torsinAΔE's biogenesis and degradation have not been fully explored. To identify conserved cellular factors that can alter torsinAΔE protein levels, we designed a new high-throughput, automated, genome-wide screen utilizing our validated Saccharomyces cerevisiae torsinA expression system. By analyzing the non-essential yeast deletion collection, we identified 365 deletion strains with altered torsinAΔE steady-state levels. One notable hit was EUG1, which encodes a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDIs). PDIs reside in the ER and catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds, mediate protein quality control, and aid in nascent protein folding. We validated the role of select human PDIs in torsinA biogenesis in mammalian cells and found that overexpression of PDIs reduced the levels of torsinA and torsinAΔE. Together, our data report the first genome-wide screen to identify cellular factors that reduce expression levels of the EOTD-associated protein torsinAΔE. More generally, the identified hits contribute to dissect the cellular machinery involved in folding and degrading a torsinA variant, and constitute potential therapeutic factors for EOTD. This screen can also be readily adapted to identify factors impacting the levels of any protein of interest, considerably expanding the applicability of yeast in both basic and applied research.
Rapid Synthesis of C-dots@PGV Nanocomposites Powders for Development of Latent Fingermarks
Authors: Yu Yanlin , Yan Lei
Published: August 2017

Novel fluorescent nanocomposites prepared by microwave irradiation and electrostatic adsorption have been formulated for developing latent fingermarks on various object surfaces. As-synthesized carbon dots@montmorillonite (C-dots@PGV) nanocomposites were characterized using UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, TEM/HRTEM, SEM and XRD. Due to its photoluminescence and stable chemical properties, C-dots@PGV nanocomposites powders with intense fluorescence produce sharp and clear development of latent fingermarks with good contrast and satisfactory ridge details. It is widely used for painted metal, glass, plastic and stainless steel surfaces, and the small, fine fluorescent nanocomposites demonstrate great advantages. Especially for multicolor surfaces, the fluorescent probe can help us to observe and photograph using UV light as excitation light source to eliminate background effects. After developing by facile powder technique, the prints emit strong violet-blue fluorescence under UV light (365 nm), at the same time, this nontoxic powder without any organic solvent and dyes can reduce harm to the operators.
Toward an understanding of the Cdc48/p97 ATPase
Authors: Bodnar Nicholas , Rapoport Tom
Published: August 2017

A conserved AAA+ ATPase, called Cdc48 in yeast and p97 or VCP in metazoans, plays an essential role in many cellular processes by segregating polyubiquitinated proteins from complexes or membranes. For example, in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD), Cdc48/p97 pulls polyubiquitinated, misfolded proteins out of the ER and transfers them to the proteasome. Cdc48/p97 consists of an N-terminal domain and two ATPase domains (D1 and D2). Six Cdc48 monomers form a double-ring structure surrounding a central pore. Cdc48/p97 cooperates with a number of different cofactors, which bind either to the N-terminal domain or to the C-terminal tail. The mechanism of Cdc48/p97 action is poorly understood, despite its critical role in many cellular systems. Recent in vitro experiments using yeast Cdc48 and its heterodimeric cofactor Ufd1/Npl4 (UN) have resulted in novel mechanistic insight. After interaction of the substrate-attached polyubiquitin chain with UN, Cdc48 uses ATP hydrolysis in the D2 domain to move the polypeptide through its central pore, thereby unfolding the substrate. ATP hydrolysis in the D1 domain is involved in substrate release from the Cdc48 complex, which requires the cooperation of the ATPase with a deubiquitinase (DUB). Surprisingly, the DUB does not completely remove all ubiquitin molecules; the remaining oligoubiquitin chain is also translocated through the pore. Cdc48 action bears similarities to the translocation mechanisms employed by bacterial AAA ATPases and the eukaryotic 19S subunit of the proteasome, but differs significantly from that of a related type II ATPase, the NEM-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). Many questions about Cdc48/p97 remain unanswered, including how it handles well-folded substrate proteins, how it passes substrates to the proteasome, and how various cofactors modify substrates and regulate its function.
Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon
Authors: Wardle Roisin , Pullman Jane A. , Haldenby Sam , Ressel Lorenzo , Pope Marion , Clegg Peter D. , Radford Alan , Stewart James P. , Al-Saadi Mohammed , Dyer Philip , Peffers Mandy J.
Published: August 2017

Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.

Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity.  Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.

Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.

Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.
Financial Regulatory Reform After the Crisis: An Assessment
Authors: Duffie Darrell
Published: August 2017

This is a survey of progress with the postcrisis global (G20) reform of the financial system, in five key areas of new regulation: (1) making financial institutions more resilient; (2) ending “too-big-to-fail”; (3) making derivatives markets safer; (4) transforming shadow banking; and (5) improving trade competition and market transparency. The resiliency reforms, particularly bank capital regulations, have been increasingly successful in improving financial stability, but have been accompanied by some reduction in secondary-market liquidity. I review specific areas where reforms are far from complete, or have even been counterproductive.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Conflict of Interest Statement: The author's webpage at http://www.stanford.edu/~duffie/ provides related research and disclosure of potential conflicts of interest.
Output Decisions and Price Matching: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Batsaikhan Mongoljin , Tumennasan Norovsambuu
Published: August 2017

We study the effects of price matching in a setting in which each firm selects both its price and output, simultaneously. We show that the availability of a price-matching option leads to the Cournot outcome in this setting. Our experimental study confirms this result in the laboratory. Our finding is a stark contrast to the one obtained in the standard price competition that the most likely market price in the presence of a price-matching option is the monopolistic price. In addition, we show that price matching benefits consumers in markets with a large number of firms. If a market has a few firms, then the effects of price matching on consumers depend on the market demand and cost functions. Thus, our study suggests that the effect of price matching depends on the strategic variables of the firms.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2788 .

This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
I Lie? We Lie! Why? Experimental Evidence on a Dishonesty Shift in Groups
Authors: Kocher Martin G. , Schudy Simeon , Spantig Lisa
Published: August 2017

Unethical behavior such as dishonesty, cheating and corruption occurs frequently in organizations or groups. Recent experimental evidence suggests that there is a stronger inclination to behave immorally in groups than individually. We ask if this is the case, and if so, why. Using a parsimonious laboratory setup, we study how individual behavior changes when deciding as a group member. We observe a strong dishonesty shift. This shift is mainly driven by communication within groups and turns out to be independent of whether group members face payoff commonality or not (i.e., whether other group members benefit from one’s lie). Group members come up with and exchange more arguments for being dishonest than for complying with the norm of honesty. Thereby, group membership shifts the perception of the validity of the honesty norm and of its distribution in the population.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2800 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Necrotising fasciitis in a patient treated with FOLFIRI-aflibercept for colorectal cancer: a case report
Authors: Gonzaga-López A , Muñoz-Rodriguez J , Ruiz-Casado A
Published: August 2017

Anti-angiogenics have become an important part of the treatment of several types of tumours such as ovarian, breast, lung and colorectal cancer. Necrotising fasciitis has been reported with bevacizumab but no cases have been reported with aflibercept, ramucirumab or regorafenib in patients with colorectal cancer. Necrotising fasciitis is a rare complication affecting one in 5000 bevacizumab users. We report the case of a 64-year-old man with stage IV rectosigmoid cancer under treatment with folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and aflibercept, who developed a Fournier’s gangrene.
A modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine vector expressing a mosaic H5 hemagglutinin reduces viral shedding in rhesus macaques
Authors: Florek Kelsey R. , Kamlangdee Attapon , Mutschler James P. , Kingstad-Bakke Brock , Schultz-Darken Nancy , Broman Karl W. , Osorio Jorge E. , Friedrich Thomas C.
Published: August 2017

The rapid antigenic evolution of influenza viruses requires frequent vaccine reformulations. Due to the economic burden of continuous vaccine reformulation and the threat of new pandemics, there is intense interest in developing vaccines capable of eliciting broadly cross-reactive immunity to influenza viruses. We recently constructed a “mosaic” hemagglutinin (HA) based on subtype 5 HA (H5) and designed to stimulate cellular and humoral immunity to multiple influenza virus subtypes. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing this H5 mosaic (MVA-H5M) protected mice against multiple homosubtypic H5N1 strains and a heterosubtypic H1N1 virus. To assess its potential as a human vaccine we evaluated the ability of MVA-H5M to provide heterosubtypic immunity to influenza viruses in a non-human primate model. Rhesus macaques received an initial dose of either MVA-H5M or plasmid DNA encoding H5M, followed by a boost of MVA-H5M, and then were challenged, together with naïve controls, with the heterosubtypic virus A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm). Macaques receiving either vaccine regimen cleared H1N1pdm challenge faster than naïve controls. Vaccination with H5M elicited antibodies that bound H1N1pdm HA, but did not neutralize the H1N1pdm challenge virus. Plasma from vaccinated macaques activated NK cells in the presence of H1N1pdm HA, suggesting that vaccination elicited cross-reactive antibodies capable of mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although HA-specific T cell responses to the MVA-H5M vaccine were weak, responses after challenge were stronger in vaccinated macaques than in control animals. Together these data suggest that mosaic HA antigens may provide a means for inducing broadly cross-reactive immunity to influenza viruses.
FOUR WORDS (January, 2016)
Authors: Dunn Alan
Published: August 2017

FOUR WORDS was curated by Alan Dunn in collaboration with Metal Liverpool as part of their series of January urban provocations. FOUR WORDS presented 100 ten-second text animations on Europe’s largest digital screen opposite Lime Street Station in Liverpool. Contributions came from local community and youth groups, alongside more recognized practitioners including Gerhard Richter, Shaista Aziz, Douglas Coupland, The Andy Warhol Foundation, Paul Morley and a priest, retired seafarer, radio station and David Fairclough (Liverpool FC striker, 1975–83). See www.alandunn67.co.uk/fourwords.html for documentation of the project.
The Royal Road to the Unconscious (2003)
Authors: Morris Simon
Published: August 2017

The Royal Road to the Unconscious (information as material, 2003) was conceived by the artist Simon Morris in order to conduct an experiment on Sigmund Freud’s writing. Utilizing Ed Ruscha’s book Royal Road Test as a readymade set of instructions, 78 students cut out every single word from Sigmund Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams. On Sunday, 1 June 2003, the artist Simon Morris (thrower) threw the words out of the window of a Renault Clio Sport on Redbridge Road, Crossways, Dorset, travelling at a speed of 90mph, approximately 122 miles south-west of Freud’s psychoanalytical couch in London. The action freed the words from the structural unity of Freud’s text as it subjected them to an ‘aleatory moment’ – a seemingly random act of utter madness.
‘I said it!’ ‘I’m first!’: Gender and language-learner identities
Authors: Peña Harold Andrés
Published: August 2017

While there has been an upsurge of research studying the relationship of gender and second language learning in cross-cultural contexts, far less has been investigated about preschool children’s gender and learner identities in contexts where English is a foreign language. In this paper I describe how gendered discourses are at stake in the classroom and how these discourses are related to the learner identities of a group of Colombian preschoolers. I use a Feminist Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis (FPDA) approach to pin down moments in which the assertion of power is manifested in second language practices like ‘classroom races’ during literacy activities. This assertion of power positions participants differently. Findings suggest the need to understand how children negotiate subject positions discursively in language learning activities. I am suggesting the need to erode discourses of approval that marginalize girls and favour boys.
Developing Emergent Bibliteracy: Guiding Principles For Instruction
Authors: López Alexis , Sosa Ortíz Yolanda
Published: August 2017

We are advocating for the adoption of simultaneous emerging biliteracy programs in binational/bilingual schools in Colombia. The adoption of such programs as an influence on the teacher education institutions across the country. We must prepare teachers to respond the technological era of the twenty firts century in wich information is accessible in different languages at the touch of a button. In this article we present five principles for emergent bibliteracy instruction. After providing these principles we offer implications for teachers, educators and prospective teachers.
Considerations on the role of teacher autonomy
Authors: Cárdenas Ramos Rosalba
Published: August 2017

This article aims at analyzing what is involved in teacher autonomy and why it is of paramount importanceto understand, develop, and experience autonomy as teachers in order to be able to guide our students inthe development of autonomous behaviors as language learners and life-long learning individuals.
The electronic text and a new nature of literacy
Authors: Garzón Barreto Nelly
Published: August 2017

The electronic text has provoked a new evolution on the concept of literacy. The new features of digital text have opened new dimensions to the way literacy should be understood. The electronic text has acquirednew attributes that have dramatically influenced literacy practices. Printed and digital texts share some basic features, however the digital hypertext is indeed more complex than the printed one due to that the formeris usually enriched with multimedia resources. Additionally, the quality and quantity of information found in the digital text have added new reading requirements to electronic text users. Readers might need tomake a more efficient use of the competencies they already manage with printed text in order to face the digital one. This paper is an attempt to understand this new literacy scenario. The discussion is devotedto exposing some features of the electronic text in order to support the idea that the concept of literacy should be as broad as to cope with the competencies and skills the features of the digital text demand.The pedagogical implications emphasize on the challenges the electronic text takes to school.
Photography as a Visual Literacy Tool
Authors: Caicedo Barreto Sandra Liliana
Published: August 2017

This article is an attempt to show some theoretical issues founded on how visual literacy processescome about through a photography project. The framework explained is based on Wendy Ewald’s literacythrough photography study (LTP), and on Freire’s reading conception which stare at literacy as a processfor social inclusion. Further a literature review, I provide some practical aspects based on a visual literacyexperience carried out in a private school in Bogotá. Likewise, I describe some key moments of the visualliteracy process that can be developed by an image’s viewer. All this process is based on the socio culturalperspective.
Twin Texts: a Possibility to Involve Children in Inquiry-oriented Processes
Authors: Becerra Camargo Claudia Yolanda
Published: August 2017

This article reports on the experience I lived while implementing the instructional design of my Masterthesis. The research proposal I am currently carrying out is primarily concerned about conflict resolutionand cooperative learning in the English classroom. The proposal was developed in a public primaryschool in Ciudad Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia. Besides, my participants were a group of fourth graders. Themethodology used during the implementation had to do with: cooperative learning, in which learning impliesco-construction. The authoring cycle that is an option for involving students in inquiry processes, and twintexts, understood as the use of two books (one fictional & one non-fictional) related to the same topic butfrom different perspectives. The three elements described above were interwoven along the process. Toconclude, this experience helped me to recognize certain aspects regarding my professional practices: first,the importance of innovation. Second, the value of other teacher-researchers’ experiences and insights.Third, to recognize our students as owners of their learning process. Fourth, how the authoring cyclepromoted cooperative learning and decreased conflicts. Finally and foremost, the value of literature as apowerful language learning resource.Key words: inquiry-oriented curriculum,
Revaluing the reading process of adult ESL/EFL learners through critical dialogues
Authors: Kim Koomi , Chin Cheongsook , Goodman Yetta
Published: August 2017

The authors explore language developmental processes of university English language learners. The used Retrospective Miscue Analysis (RMA) and In-depth Reading Interviews as heuristic tools to generate critical dialogues with students to reflect on their L1 and English language learning processes and perceptions. The studies show that RMA and In-Depth Reading Interviews lead the teachers researches-and english language learners to critical learnable and teachable moments.
Preliminary Pages
Authors: Journal Colombian Applied Linguistics
Published: August 2017

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Preliminary pages
Authors: Linguistics Journal Colombian Applied
Published: August 2017

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Crossing Consciousness: A literature discussion exploring friends from the other side
Authors: López-Robertson Julia
Published: August 2017

This article will focus on the use of small group literature discussions as a curricular engagement that challenges children to think critically and to share the opinions they are forming about the books they read. This teacher research study took place in a bilingual second grade classroom and describes the discourse of four young bilingual children during a discussion about the book Friends From the Other Side/Amigos del otro lado (Anzaldúa, 1993). The question guiding the research is; how do young linguistically and socio economically diverse children make meaning from small group literature discussions about issues that relate to their lives?
Affirming diversity through reading
Authors: Posada Ortiz Julia Zoraida
Published: August 2017

In this article I will summarize a small scale project carried out at a private university in Bogotá, with eight undergraduate students. The project aimed at finding out what their oral discourse informed me about their beliefs regarding gender and ethnicity. It also had two other purposes: First, to give the students the opportunity to reflect upon the complexity of the world we live in and the many perspectives involved in this complexity and second, to make students active participants in a democratic society. To achieve these goals a selection of texts written by non-canonical, female and Afro-American writers was given to the students. I conducted five informal interviews, which were audio-taped. The analysis of the responses given by the students showed that there is an internalisation of the values which characterises the Western society we live in. A society ruled by dichotomies such as male/female, white/black and rich/poor, who perpetuatepower relations that favor certain groups over others.The students became active participants by becoming more critical and making decisions about how to improve further editions of the textbook they currently use and suggesting the editors to create a more inclusive book.
An exploratory study of punctuation in bilingual children's texts
Authors: Clavijo Olarte Amparo , Freeman Ann , García Obregon Andrea
Published: August 2017

This article describes first and second grade children's writing and focuses on the uses of punctuation as they develop awareness of the orthographic features of texts. This exploratory study was carried out with a group of first and second grade bilingual children in a school in Tucson, Arizona. Our research project focused on observing the process bilingual children followed when writing the story of Caperucita Roja to analyse thje content of their texts in the different episodes of their stories and the use of punctuation around dialogue and narratives. The findings show that the mejority of children were aware of the use of punctuation marks in their writings. We found a direct relation between puntuation and the use of dialogue (indirect speech) in children texts. Children used additional (sintactic and lexical) forms in their texts that demostrate that they know the use of direct speech. children's texts exhibited very little use of punctuation in their narratives; they only used period and capital letters.
Design of literacy activities to promote writing with children: An experience with second graders
Authors: Ruíz C. Nubia Cecilia
Published: August 2017

In this paper, I would like to share my experience as a kidwatcher in a private school in Bogotá, Colombia while designing and implementing a variety of literacy activities to promote writing in English in an EFL context for second grade students. It highlights the importance of understanding writing as a dynamic process as well as the role kidwatching had in helping me become a teacher who understood, respected, supported, learnt, enjoyed and loved the active manner in which children construct knowledge of the written language. At the same time, I gained insights about childrenʼs thoughts, feelings, and concerns about the world they live in. I hope, from this experience teachers are encouraged to explore their classroom contexts and make the best decisions that contribute to the development of their students as writers.
Evaluating the appropriateness and consequences of test use
Authors: Pan Yi-Ching
Published: August 2017

This paper addresses the issue of whether it is appropriate for universities or junior colleges to set foreign language proficiency requirements for graduation and offers a historical review of the relationship of test validity and test use. Examples of how to evaluate the appropriateness and consequences of test use are presented in order to discover what factors must be taken into account that contributes to the decision-making process. Finally, a model that specifies what evidence needs to be collected in support of a valid test decision is offered to help make decisions of test use more convincing and accordingly more beneficial to those individuals and groups who are affected by the tests.
Media as Medium in Colombian Education: How Media and ICT are Changing Communication and the Curriculum in the School
Authors: Rodríguez Bohórquez Carolina , Hine Nicolas
Published: August 2017

We describe how secondary school students are engaged in designing school newspapers, broadcasting radio shows and using ICT in classrooms as opportunities for communication and learning. The central goal in this project was to set up the school dynamics where radio, newspaper, television, video, images and ICT ́s play the role of additional inputs and increase the community interest in literacy. We present some practical initiatives that demonstrate the possibilities of media literacy based activities in a public school in Bogota, Colombia.
Voices in a Preservice Teacher Discussion Group
Authors: Fram-Kulik Sheila
Published: August 2017

This discourse analysis study focuses on the dominant voices in a preservice teacher discussion group in a language variation course included in a teacher education program. The voices in the discussion group have what Bakhtin (1981) considers heteroglossic characteristics and what Kristeva (1986) calls intertextuality and what Fairclough (1992) considers interdiscursivity. The analysis of the voices shows textualized voices, that include appropriated voices from mentors or previous teachers that replace the personal voices, at times. The dominant voice of the teacher comes into conflict with the other dominant voices during discussions. Thus, the relationship of these voices structures the discussion group sessions.
Teacher Voice: how is it shaped?
Authors: Becerra Camargo Claudia Yolanda
Published: August 2017

This article aims at being an invitation for the readers to reflect upon the way in which our voices as teachers are shaped. My own reflective process geared me towards the characterization of three key issues which –from my personal and professional experience- shape teacher voice. They are: the political relations of power, the curricular choices we make and their implications, and the government policies. Grounded on some Critical Pedagogy scholars, I define first, Critical pedagogy from my personal stand. Second, I present the definition of teacher voice, from different perspectives, including mine. Third, I describe and illustrate each of the three central features that may shape our voices as teachers and finally, I state some conclusions and pedagogical implications.
The Design of Reflective Tasks for the Preparation of Student Teachers
Authors: Viafara John Jairo
Published: August 2017

The preparation of student-teachers to face the beginning in their profession requires from us, teacher educators, enriching discussions to share what we know and to build more solid grounds in our area. On the following pages, I describe how, in the specific context of a public university, I have designed and implemented a set of tasks within a reflective framework to support student- teachersʼ learning in their practicum. In this regard, a detailed explanation of how journal writing, conferences, focused reflection on tasks and responses to observation notes is included. Likewise, the experience of a student teacher working with tasks to solve a difficulty in the practicum, contributes to illustrate how reflective exercises support her development.
Cross-cultural understanding through visual representation
Authors: Beckman Kristina , Smith Susan
Published: August 2017

This article analyzes international students’ drawings of their home countries’ essay assignments. These English as a Second Language (ESL) students often have difficulty in meeting the local demands of our Writing Program, which centers on argumentative writing with thesis and support. Any part of an essay deemed irrelevant is censured as “off topic;” some students see this structure as too direct or even impolite. While not all students found visual representation easy, the drawings reveal some basic assumptions about writing embodied in their native cultures’ assignments. We discuss the drawings first for visual rhetorical content, then in the students’ own terms. Last, we consider how our own pedagogy has been shaped.
Developing Pragmatic Competence in a Foreign Language
Authors: Tello Rueda Yined
Published: August 2017

This article presents a theoretical discussion about the inclusion of explicit pragmatic instruction as a facilitative tool to develop pragmatic competence in a foreign language. Given the theoretically and empirically informed fact that this competence is generally neglected in the classroom, the rationale here presented may serve as a foundation for foreign language teachers, who face the necessity of helping learners develop pragmatic skills in the target language. Likewise, this article intends to be a prompter for classroom researchers, eager to explore the effect of pragmatic instruction, and the potential developmental stages learners undergo, through the conduction of longitudinal and cross-sectional research studies.
Through the eyes of a researcher: A school’s literacy project
Authors: Torres Jaramillo Claudia
Published: August 2017

Research and reflection are two key aspects for teachers’ growth and development. This article is a final report of a research study which aims at describing the process lived by the English coordinator and a group of high school teachers from various disciplines which was sponsored by el Instituto para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Pedagógico - IDEP (one of the most serious institutions that support educational research in Colombia). The group of researchers wanted to systematically and critically observe and analyze the reading and writing pedagogical practices held at school in order to construct collectively a better understanding of these two fundamental processes in teaching. By narrating the research experience through the eyes of one of its participants (the English coordinator), one can see that carrying out research can be a complex but very gratifying experience that can have an impact on one’s professional growth and development.
A framework to build readers and writers in the second language classroom
Authors: Zúñiga Camacho Gilma
Published: August 2017

This article proposes a framework to create readers and writers in the second language classroom. The components of the framework are curriculum, instruction and assessment. The curriculum states the goals and philosophy of the program that intends to create lifelong readers that find reading as a source of entertainment and information. It will also include the kind of literacy that the curriculum wants to support, the effect of reading in the first language, and the use of appropriate materials to achieve the goals. Instruction is framed under principles like reading is thinking and learning, reading and writing are taught together, and technology influences reading and writing development. Assessing reading in the second language classroom is the next component of the framework discussed in the article and it proposes the use of authentic tools like portfolios and observations. Traditional tools like tests are also mentioned.