bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’environnement et l’identité écologique dans le roman « Gouverneurs de la rosée » de Jacques Roumain
Authors: Thésée Gina , Carr Paul R.
Published: February 2020

Le roman « Gouverneurs de la rosée » de l’écrivain haïtien Jacques Roumain présente un caractère identitaire dont les dimensions socio-politique et écologique sont proéminentes. Manuel, le personnage central du roman, fait écho au militantisme socio-politique et scientifique de l’auteur. Nous menons une analyse de l’identité écologique du personnage principal du roman, Manuel, aux plans individuel, social et écologique. Le discours de l’auteur qui rend hommage à la poésie du langage vernaculaire haïtien est mis en valeur. En synthèse, nous esquissons ce que nous pensons être le message central du roman : une proposition d’éducation à l’environnement et d’identité écologique dans le contexte socio-environnemental d’Haïti.
Une problématique d’éducation à la santé environnementale au lac Saint-Pierre – Exploration de la dimension socioculturelle
Authors: Godmaire Hélène , Sauvé Lucie
Published: February 2020

Dans le contexte d’un vaste projet de recherche écosystémique et interdisciplinaire sur la question de la contamination par le mercure, nous avons invité des membres de diverses communautés de la région du Lac Saint-Pierre (Québec) à participer à l’exploration et à la résolution de cette problématique. Il importait en effet de considérer la dimension socioculturelle de cette dernière : au lac Saint-Pierre, en lien avec les caractéristiques particulières de ce territoire d’une très riche biodiversité, il existe une culture régionale spécifique, ancrée dans la relation au milieu et dans les pratiques ancestrales de chasse et de pêche, qui « colore » fortement la situation socio-environnementale en question. Notre travail a donc consisté à mettre en place une dynamique d’échange, de discussion et de travail collaboratif, plus spécifiquement avec des groupes de pêcheurs, de femmes et de jeunes, de façon à clarifier entre autres les préoccupations, les besoins, les savoirs et les pratiques des participants concernant la problématique de la contamination du lac et de la région. Ces informations enrichissent certes la démarche de recherche du projet scientifique, mais plus encore, le processus qui les génère porte en lui-même un fort potentiel d’éducation communautaire et de mobilisation des groupes concernés pour la prise en charge des réalités de leur milieu de vie.
Changer nos habitudes de prédation : l’exemple de la loutre et du pisciculteur
Authors: Rémy Elisabeth , Pellegrini Patricia
Published: February 2020

Notre étude de cas porte sur l’aménagement d’une pisciculture subissant les prélèvements de loutres avides de poissons. Cette expérience est l’occasion de nouveaux apprentissages entre des acteurs agissant habituellement depuis des univers différents. Comprendre toutes les astuces qui sont devenues nécessaires pour une cohabitation réussie entre être humain et loutre suppose de suivre, au plus près, les expérimentateurs et les tourments qu’ils traversent (Stengers, 2000). Pour qu’une espèce puisse se déplacer librement, tel est le paradoxe, il faut multiplier les aménagements techniques qui lui permettront de vivre à « l’état naturel » (Micoud, 1993). Nous montrerons alors que tous les protagonistes ont changé, car ils ont appris de et par ce dispositif. Chacun a modifié ses habitudes pour vivre en paix et créer ainsi l’espace d’une cohabitation.
Apprendre à vivre ensemble dans un environnement partagé — Vers la construction d’identités biorégionales
Authors: Naoufal Nayla
Published: February 2020

Provoquant de très nombreuses pertes humaines immédiates, les guerres qui sévissent dans le monde non seulement dégradent ou détruisent l’environnement, mais elles ont également des conséquences très néfastes sur les conditions de vie des populations, dont elles altèrent la santé et l’existence à long terme. Or des programmes de consolidation environnementale de la paix, qui font appel à une dimension éducative transversale, peuvent contribuer à l’apprentissage du vivre-ensemble en développant des identités biorégionales. Celles-ci sont caractérisées par l’engagement à l’égard d’un environnement partagé. Cependant, les liens entre guerre, dégradation écologique, paix et éducation sont souvent négligés en recherche. De plus, la littérature relative aux théories et pratiques de consolidation environnementale de la paix n’intègre pas suffisamment l’éducation, même de manière implicite. Pourtant, l’inclusion dans ce champ d’une dimension éducative explicite, planifiée et systématisée est nécessaire. Dans cette perspective, cet article propose des fondements et des pratiques pour une éducation qui contribue à la construction d’identités biorégionales et d’une dynamique de paix. Ces fondements et ces pratiques, que je me suis efforcée de rendre transférables à des contextes similaires, présentent l’aboutissement des diverses étapes de ma recherche.
La représentation de la biodiversité africaine au Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale : la muséologie du compromis
Authors: van der Hoorn Sabine
Published: February 2020

La rénovation du Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale de Belgique, aujourd’hui appelé Africamuseum, a été l’occasion d’analyser comment culture et nature africaines ont été présentées pendant plus d’un siècle. Musée colonial conçu au début du XXe siècle et rouvert en 2018, l’Africamuseum a été le lieu de divers modes d’utilisation des pièces d’exposition, influençant ainsi les opinions et l’imaginaire du grand public belge vis-à-vis du continent africain. En adoptant la perspective historique sur la mise en scène de la flore et de la faune africaine, un éclairage particulier peut être apporté sur la muséologie développée à l’occasion de la rénovation. Il apparaît en effet que les représentations ayant cours dans le musée rénové, empruntent des caractéristiques de différents types de musées (« musée de musée », « musée-forum », « musée-divertissements », « musée-encyclopédie ») illustrant un non-choix muséologique, que certains appelleraient « un compromis à la belge ».
Du naturaliste expert à l’élève : Enjeux de la diversification des objectifs d’un programme de sciences participatives en France
Authors: Conversy Pauline , Dozières Anne , Turpin Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Vigie-Nature est un programme de sciences participatives développé par le Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle français, regroupant plusieurs observatoires de la biodiversité. Ces observatoires proposent à chacun, selon ses connaissances, ses disponibilités et son intérêt, de collecter des informations standardisées sur la biodiversité. Visant initialement un public de naturalistes amateurs - avec l’objectif d’augmenter les couvertures spatiale et temporelle des données disponibles pour la recherche en écologie - Vigie-Nature s’est progressivement ouvert à d’autres publics : citoyens non-experts, professionnels de la Nature et scolaires.À travers une remise en contexte sociétal et technologique, cet article explore l’évolution de l’offre de ce programme dans les observatoires au cours de ses trente années d’existence, et discute la diversification et la nécessaire articulation des objectifs qui en ont découlé. En effet, des questions d’éducation relative à l’environnement ont tout d’abord été mises à jour avec l’entrée dans la gestion du programme de nouvelles parties prenantes lors de la création des observatoires à destination de publics non experts. Puis, le déploiement de Vigie-Nature École - déclinaison scolaire du programme Vigie-Nature - a placé l’enjeu pédagogique au cœur de l’animation et de la conception d’outils spécifiques. Finalement, il apparait que la diversification des objectifs ne porte pas préjudice aux ambitions originelles du programme, dès lors qu’ils s’articulent autour d’une visée commune : la conservation de la biodiversité.
Enjeux culturels en contexte d’apprentissage par problèmes (APP)
Authors: BAH Mamadou Bhoye
Published: February 2020

Les enjeux culturels soulevés par la dynamique de mise en œuvre de l’apprentissage par problèmes (APP) comme stratégie de formation en éducation relative à l’environnement (ERE) auprès d’étudiants du programme de Master en sciences de l’environnement du Centre d’étude et de recherche en environnement (CERE) de l’Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry. Tenant compte de la tradition éducative guinéenne selon laquelle les étudiants prennent rarement en charge leur propre apprentissage, nous avons voulu vérifier les apports spécifiques de l’APP comme contribution à l’amélioration de la formation des étudiants. À cet effet, nous avons mené une recherche centrée sur une étude de cas interprétative et critique.
Relation à la nature et relation pédagogique : convergences et vie éthique des enseignants
Authors: Carrey Céline
Published: February 2020

La question de l'éthique se retrouve tant au cœur de la relation à la nature que de la relation pédagogique. C'est ce que nous tenterons de montrer dans cet article à partir de leur origine commune : la question socratique du « comment doit-on vivre ? ». Mais au-delà, nous analyserons comment la classification des différentes éthiques environnementales selon Gérald Hess et celle des différentes postures éducatives selon Frédérique Lerbet-Séréni, se rejoignent et coïncident avec trois grandes catégories de la pensée morale occidentale. Des convergences seront alors mises en évidence et permettront d'avancer qu'il serait pertinent de penser l'éthique professionnelle des enseignants au sein d'une vie éthique complexe, intégrant relation pédagogique et relation à la nature.
Curriculum possible de l’Éducation au Développement Durable : entre actions de participation et investigations multiréférentielles d’enjeux
Authors: Lange Jean-Marc
Published: February 2020

L’éducation à la durabilité résulte d’une demande sociétale répondant à quatre finalités fortes : apprendre le collectif par la pratique sociale ; étayer l’appartenance au monde par la mise à jour des enjeux sociétaux ; apprendre à anticiper et réduire nos vulnérabilités par l’élaboration collective de solutions durables ; développer le sentiment d’empathie pour l’humanité actuelle et future, étendue aux non humains. La scolarité obligatoire peut prendre en charge ces finalités en assumant une mission de participation aux transformations induites par l’idée de durabilité et une mission de préparation des élèves à leur rôle futur en société. Ces missions ainsi définies permettent d’offrir aux élèves les occasions de se construire des dispositions (capacités/engagement) individuelles et collectives à vivre dans un monde incertain en permanente transformation. Cela passe par la recherche des moyens de la diminution des vulnérabilités sociales et environnementales lors d’actions éducatives. Celles-ci sont conçues comme une participation effective à des actions de développement durable diversifiées, appropriées, négociées et ajustées. Cependant, les actions éducatives sont à compléter par des moments d’investigations multiréférentielles d’enjeux, et par les contributions des matières et disciplines. Cette complémentarité garantit ainsi la construction d’un ensemble organisé et cohérent répondant à un principe d’éducation forte, et conscient des principales dérives idéologiques potentielles.
Finalités et valeurs de différentes politiques d’éducation à la soutenabilité
Authors: Girault Yves , Zwang Aurélie , Jeziorski Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

L’analyse des diverses réponses du secteur de l’éducation à la recommandation de l’ONU de promouvoir le développement durable amène à observer un gradient de positionnement. Si certains choix nationaux sont imprégnés d’une vision éconocentrée et néolibérale (Royaume-Uni), d’autres pays comme la Hollande font coexister à côté de cette prescription un programme apparenté à une Éducation à la Nature et à l'Environnement. En Italie, en Suisse et en Allemagne, l’éducation relève d’une juridiction décentralisée, ce qui a pour conséquence la cohabitation de plusieurs systèmes éducatifs qui privilégient parfois des approches très diverses de l’éducation à la soutenabilité (ESD). Enfin, à l’opposé de la politique du Royaume-Uni, se trouvent plusieurs pays latino-américains qui proposent des approches nationales plus critiques et distantes de la prescription onusienne. Dans une présentation plus diachronique, mais néanmoins succincte, les prescriptions successives de l’éducation nationale française sont placées dans ce gradient de positionnement. À travers l’exemple français, nous montrerons comment les finalités et les valeurs sous-jacentes à la politique d’ESD choisie cadrent les savoirs à transmettre aux élèves.
Les défis éducatifs du changement climatique : La pertinence de la dimension sociale
Authors: Meira Cartea Pablo Á. , González-Gaudiano Edgar J.
Published: February 2020

Les programmes éducatifs centrés sur la problématique du changement climatique sont le plus souvent axés sur des processus d’alphabétisation scientifique basés sur l’information issue des recherches en science du climat, sans considérer l’expérience sociale ni les dynamiques culturelles qui interviennent dans la construction des représentations sociales de ce phénomène. Or la prise en compte de cette dimension phénoménologique des réalités climatiques est essentielle pour relever adéquatement les défis de l’éducation et de la communication. Le principal obstacle au nécessaire changement social réside dans la nature structurelle de ce problème complexe, incluant ses dimensions morale, socio-politique, culturelle, socio-cognitive et psychosociale, qui conditionnent les représentations sociales et entravent l’adoption de changements significatifs dans les modes de vie individuels et collectifs liés aux activités qui bouleversent le climat. Dans cet article, trois types d’obstacles sont analysés et des propositions sont formulées afin de les surmonter.
Sous la bannière développement durable, quels rapports aux savoirs scientifiques ?
Authors: Barthes Angela , Zwang Aurélie , Alpe Yves
Published: February 2020

Cet article vise à montrer, à partir de deux exemples, comment s’établissent les rapports aux savoirs scientifiques sous l’injonction de l’éducation au développement durable en France. D’une part, l’examen de contenus d’expositions circulant dans les écoles primaires et les établissements scolaires du secondaire (collège et lycée), produites en grande partie par des organismes extérieurs, et d’autre part celui de l’évolution curriculaire des licences professionnelles universitaires (2001-2010) amènent quelques hypothèses. En effet, expositions itinérantes et curricula formels montrent que la dominante développementaliste (durable) semble s’accompagner de savoirs scientifiques réduits, voire absents. En contrepartie, les procédures d’opérationnalisation du développement durable (management de la société civile, nouvelle gouvernance), marquées par une éthique conservationniste (gestion des ressources) ainsi que par une approche comportementaliste (appels aux responsabilités individuelles et collectives et bons gestes associés), occupent une grande place. Au-delà de ces constats, cet article propose d’ouvrir le débat sur le développement durable comme inducteur de nouvelles logiques sociétales, en approchant notamment la notion de curriculum caché.
Le rapport à l’expertise scientifique d’enseignants de sciences du secondaire du Gabon face à une polémique environnementale
Authors: Ndong Angoué Christophe
Published: February 2020

L’émergence du champ éducatif des questions socialement vives (QSV) permet désormais l’étude en contexte scolaire de problématiques sociales en lien avec l’environnement et la santé. L’analyse de ces problématiques socioscientifiques environnementales controversées invite à un usage raisonné et critique de l’expertise scientifique en contexte scolaire. Cet article vise à présenter quelques résultats préliminaires de notre étude doctorale dans laquelle nous examinons la manière dont des enseignants de sciences du secondaire au Gabon envisagent la question de l’expertise scientifique face à une polémique environnementale locale mettant en scène des experts d’horizons divers. Nous précisons leur posture épistémologique et leur rapport à l’expertise lorsqu’ils sont placés en situation d’analyse d’une cartographie présentant cette polémique. Les résultats illustrent que leur rapport à l’expertise scientifique lorsqu’il est contextualisé en fonction d’une polémique précise tend à valoriser la position de certains experts plutôt que d’autres, tout en mobilisant une conception des sciences à saveur empirico-réaliste.
Rapports à la physique et à l’enseignement de la physique, questions socialement vives environnementales et enseignement des sciences au primaire en contexte québécois
Authors: Groleau Audrey , Pouliot Chantal
Published: February 2020

Dans l’étude de questions socialement vives environnementales, les élèves, les enseignants et les enseignantes sont souvent confrontés à des notions de sciences physiques. Pensons, à titre d’exemple, à la notion de radioactivité qui est liée de près à la controverse entourant l’énergie nucléaire ou à la notion de chaleur qui est associée aux changements climatiques. Or, la physique est souvent perçue comme une science difficile et peu intéressante, autant par les élèves que par les enseignants et les enseignantes du primaire. De plus, la plupart de ceux-ci n’ont pas suivi de cours de sciences après la quatrième année de leurs études secondaires. Nous avons étudié les rapports à la physique et à son enseignement de futures enseignantes du primaire, inscrites dans un profil d’études collégiales en éducation. Les participantes ont d’abord effectué un bilan de savoirs, puis nous avons utilisé ces données pour mener des entretiens individuels semi-dirigés. Les propos tenus par sept futures enseignantes du primaire ont été analysés afin de caractériser leurs rapports individuels à la physique et à son enseignement. Nous constatons que leurs rapports à la physique et à son enseignement sont variés et peuvent notamment être liés au sentiment de compétence face aux notions à enseigner ou à étudier ou à une expérience d’apprentissage positive ou négative des sciences.
Éducation au développement durable, un territoire révélateur
Authors: Floro Michel
Published: February 2020

Ce texte présente la façon dont des enseignants de tous niveaux se positionnent face à la question du développement durable. Le problème posé dans le contexte des questions socialement vives est analysé dans la perspective d’une approche territorialisée. Les représentations que construisent les différents acteurs s’inscrivent dans un triptyque « représentations − pratiques − action », dont le territoire est une clé de lecture. Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques du territoire influencent la façon d’aborder le développement durable et orientent les choix d’action éducative ; deuxièmement, on observe qu’il est difficile pour les enseignants de penser de façon distincte développement durable et environnement.
China in Africa
Authors: Effendi Tonny Dian , Prinanda Devita
Published: February 2020

China's role in Africa: is it really unilateral domination or is it awakened because of the equation of the situation and interests? Then, how are the character, developments, and forms of cooperation? To answer those questions, this chapter uses a concept of inter-regionalism, in which inter-regional cooperation has several objectives namely balancing, bandwagoning, institution building, rationalizing, agenda-setting, and stabilizing. The emerging collaboration gives China an opportunity to introduce a model of interregional cooperation based on its foreign relations. China introduces a mechanism of cooperation based on “Chinese characteristic” which seems different from the Western perspective. China and Africa's interregional cooperation has been developing not only from economic reasons but has also been influenced by international politics. It is an economic cooperation alternative for Africa and international model alternative from the Chinese perspective. The last is influenced by China's international relations behavior which is based on its character.
Effects of Economic and Political Risks on Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Kammoun Souhaila , Ben Romdhane Youssra , Fakhfakh Marwa Ben Salem
Published: February 2020

The chapter identifies the main determinants of FDI and the factors that constitute the main obstacles to foreign investment attractiveness in a region affected by economic and political instability and even conflict and where investors may face a multitude of political, economic, and security risks. The sample includes 14 Arab countries over the period of 2003-2017. To determine the factors that explain the probability of attracting investment inflows in MENA countries, the study uses a multiple regression model to estimate data in a time series. The authors also use the World Bank's governance indicators to assess the quality of the Arab institutional framework. The results of the panel data estimates through three different regressions reveal that macroeconomic instability combined with political instability constitutes an obstacle to investment. On practical implications, the study suggests that, in general, economic managers should take some economic policy measures to reduce or mitigate risks to encourage foreign investors to invest in MENA countries.
Regional Trade and Green Innovation Development Under the NAFTA
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez Jose
Published: February 2020

This chapter analyzes the elements of an environmentally sustainable regional trade and development under the NAFTA based on the decentralization of the infrastructure. The author assesses how the democratization of the territory and innovations in the sphere of institutional design address the complexity of the trade and development challenges. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consultation with the experts in the field. It is concluded that the environmentally sustainable capacity planning has a critical role in regional innovation development in specific areas of regional trade and development, economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, and business. To achieve these aims, environmentally sustainable regional trade and development require the democratization of the territory and the new institutional design.
Servicescape Is
Authors: Allmér Hans Ragnar Lennart
Published: February 2020

This chapter focuses on servicescape in the context of physical servicescape and digital servicescape. It also highlights service and digital service. Within the framework of gamification, it is important to have an understanding for and knowledge of what is of importance when developing and providing services delivered in servicescapes, physical or digital, to customers. Hence, the focus also lies on co-creation between the three main stakeholders, the developer, the provider, and the customer. Finally, the chapter contains some suggestions built on previous research on the group of young elderly (age group 60 – 75), but that can be beneficial when working with other target groups.
What Can Gamification Learn From Sensory Marketing?
Authors: Helmefalk Miralem
Published: February 2020

While gamification research is multidisciplinary and has grown in popularity during the last decade, it still requires further evidence and direction on which and how much various game mechanics impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in digital and physical servicescape contexts. To shed light on this problem, a novel perspective on sensory marketing and gamification was chosen. This chapter has discussed and analyzed the similarities and differences between sensory marketing and gamification, as well as what theoretical perspectives and practices gamification can borrow from sensory marketing. Six issues have surfaced that require more research on this matter: (1) The interaction effects, (2) Weight and impact, (3) Congruency, (4) Complexity, (5) (sub)Conscious/(non)visible elements, and (6) The causal chain. This chapter explains and discusses these issues and offers future research avenues.
Climate Change and Diseases of Plants and Animals
Authors: Jana Sebak Kumar , Roy Joyashree
Published: February 2020

Home Garden is a complex sustainable land use system that combines multiple farming components of the homestead and provides environmental services, household needs, and employment and income generation opportunities to the households. Predicted climate changes have serious implications for crop and livestock yields particularly in tropical regions. Home garden may act as a cushion to the adverse climate shocks. There is dearth of in-depth study of home garden ecosystem in India. Authors selected 100 households in Garhbeta-1 block, which is in the dry zone in the district of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal for this study. The main objectives of this chapter include: (a) identifying key characteristics of the home garden, (b) identifying the pattern of climate change from the household perceptions and the changes made in the home gardens. (c) identifying different diseases of plants and animals in home gardens in the study area (d) managing diseases of plants in home gardens, (e) identifying different problems/ constraints in home.
Family Capital in Family Businesses
Authors: Kramer Astrid , Kroon Brigitte
Published: February 2020

Family capital is all social, human, and financial capital a family has at their disposal in the family to advance the business. Family capital is the pool of resources unique to family business and it has the potential for family businesses to gain competitive advantage over nonfamily businesses in today's competitive landscape. To advance the knowledge about strategic management in family businesses, this chapter reviews quantitative empirical work on each dimension of family capital and concludes that the field is still in its infancy. Most studies concentrate on (a part of) social capital, a few on human capital, and very few on all three dimensions. The review of the literature describes avenues for further research on family capital.
Structural, Psychological, and Socioemotional Factors That Determine Innovation Decisions in Family Firms
Authors: Moheno Jessica Mendoza , Calzada Martín Aubert Hernández , Hernández Blanca Cecilia Salazar
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores the structural, psychological, and socioemotional factors in innovation in a funeral home in Mexico and analyzes the firm's stage in the innovation process. This qualitative study examines socioemotional wealth through the FIBER dimensions and the stage in the innovation process through the Readiness for Innovation in Family Firms (RIFF) framework. The findings suggest that socioemotional wealth has not allowed the implementation of governmental bodies. The existence of two generations in management has allowed the firm to take advantage of the knowledge and experience of the old generation and the skills of the young generation to continue innovating in products, processes, and services. The firm has the willingness and ability to adopt innovation, although SEW's accumulated endowment has limited long-term innovations as the expansion of the business to other states. This chapter addresses the Arriaga Group case study, a well-known family business firm in Hidalgo, Mexico.
Marketing Management Inside the Business Family
Authors: Barbery-Montoya Danny C. , Toro-Orellana Patricio J.
Published: February 2020

This chapter shows the forms of relationship between the family business (FB) and its customers, through marketing and branding management. By reviewing literature, authors address three concepts: marketing and branding to generate value, the strategic and operational phase within business management, and consumer behavior along with the performance of the Company based on the rational or emotional. With these elements and through an exploratory theoretical method, authors present in a first phase the SOFT model as a starting point for understanding the decision making within the FB. Subsequently, the chapter defines that the client's decisions exposed to the marketing and branding actions are given through his triune brain, in which there are intellectual, limbic, and reptilian decisions. Authors propose through these two perspectives the relational concept between FB and client that they have called MindKeting as an exploratory proposal that helps to understand the types of decisions and actions that must be taken at the time of marketing management and brand of FB.
Data Analytics
Authors: Morales-Serazzi Manuel Alejandro , González-Benito Oscar , Martos-Partal Mercedes
Published: February 2020

The growing proliferation of data in firms around the world have made analytics a success factor for business growth, and by default, achieving greater performance. This research proposes a data analytics model for marketing decision making. Literature was reviewed, and several key factors for the growth of the family business were identified. In addition, 140 marketing managers from family and non-family firms in Spain were surveyed. Four key factors were identified to implement a data analytics project. An empirical model is presented, which allows visualizing the relationships that generate quality information. Data analytics is a competitive advantage for recognized firms in the world; however, there is an underutilization of information by the family business. This chapter allows reducing the gap between competitors, regardless of their ownership structure. Therefore, it declares a challenge and an opportunity for the family firm.
The 3D IFB SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Tool to Develop Entrepreneurial Plans for Family Businesses
Authors: Vega-Rosado Luz Leyda
Published: February 2020

This chapter provides a framework that family business members can use to strategically and entrepreneurially evaluate themselves before they prepare the final strategic plan of the family firm. The tool consists of four phases. The first phase is the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of the Individuals that are members of the family business. The second phase is the SWOT analysis of the Family's generational groups. Each generation in the family business will work in groups according to their year of birth. The third phase is the SWOT analysis of the Business. The fourth and most important phase is the integration called 3D IFB SWOT Analysis. It is 3D because it is three-dimensional, integrating the Individual, the Family's generations, and the Business.
Conflict Management in the Family Business
Authors: Erdirençelebi Meral , Ertürk Ebru
Published: February 2020

Conflicts in family businesses can have devastating effects if they cannot be turned into functional conflicts and managed effectively. Institutionalization is the most effective solution in this process. Managing conflicts in family businesses where business and family relationships are bound by certain rules to get easier. However, conflicts can be managed effectively with methods such as; producing solutions before a conflict arises, effective communication between family members and non-family member employees before and during the conflict, separation of work and family from each other, prevention of nepotism, successful and effective planning, fair and performance-based reward system, determining the roles precisely and bringing them to a written form, receiving support from experienced non-family member employees, and bringing professional managers to work. This chapter addresses the Sabansi Holding case study, a well-known and influential business family in Turkey.
Sensors Network
Authors: Bachani Mamta , Memon Ahsan , Shaikh Faisal Karim
Published: February 2020

This chapter aims to develop an understanding of sensor networks and the security threats posed to them, owing to the inherently insecure wireless nature. It also highlights the current security issues associated with the exchange of information and presents respective countermeasures that can be used to secure the network of malevolent behavior. It builds the reader's understanding of security threats by presenting an idealistic security mechanism and comparing it to currently practiced security mechanisms. Doing so, it identifies the security flaws in each mechanism, henceforth, enumerating a list of well-known security attacks that are connected to the respective security flaws. To provide a better understanding of security threats, the security attacks, in general, are discussed in the perspective of a network administrator, and an adversary. Their impact is also considered from the side of a network administrator and its respective benefits to the adversary. The chapter is later concluded along with future directives and an insight on requirements of forthcoming technologies.
Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kumar Nagesh , Singh Yashwant
Published: February 2020

In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the routing protocols have been given attention because most of the routing protocols are application and architecture dependent. This chapter presents routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and also classifies routing in WSN. Chapter gives five main classifications of routing protocols in WSN which are data-centric, hierarchical, location-based, network flow and QoS aware and opportunistic routing protocols. The focus has been given on advancement of routing in WSN in form of opportunistic routing, in which the sensor nodes utilize broadcasting nature of wireless links and the data packets can be transmitted through different paths. The routing protocols for WSN are described and discussed under the appropriate classification. A table of comparison of routing protocols on the basis of power usage, data aggregation, scalability, query basis, overhead, data delivery model and QoS parameters has been presented.
The Research and Simulation of Blind Source Separation Algorithm
Authors: Gao Tao , Li Jincan
Published: February 2020

When the original source signals and input channel are unknown, blind source separation (BSS) tries decomposing the mixed signals observed to obtain the original source signals, as seems mysterious. BSS has found many applications in biomedicine science, image processing, wireless communication and speech enhancement. In this paper the basic theory of blind source separation is described, which consists of the mathematical model, knowledge, performance evaluation index, and so on. And a further research on blind source separation algorithm has done when the number of source signals is more than (equal) the number of the signals observed, including the traditional ways of BSS—fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm and equivariant adaptive separation via independence (EASI) algorithm, as well as the SOBI algorithm which is based on the joint diagonalization of matrices.
EEA
Authors: El Alami Hassan , Najid Abdellah
Published: February 2020

The data communication task, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is a major issue of high energy consumption. A hierarchical design based on a clustering algorithm is one of the approaches to manage the data communication and save energy in WSNs. However, most of the previous approaches based on clustering algorithms have not considered the length of the data communication path, which is a direct relation to energy consumption in WSNs. In this article, a novel scheme of a clustering algorithm has been proposed for reducing the data communication distance in WSNs. Hierarchical routing protocols were implemented for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. The results show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than other protocols.
Braided Routing Technique to Balance Traffic Load in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Demertzis Apostolos , Oikonomou Konstantinos
Published: February 2020

Many-to-one wireless sensor networks suffer from an extreme variation of traffic load between nodes. Sensor nodes near the sink consume much more energy than distant ones, resulting in the energy hole problem (global variation of load). In addition, even nodes located at the same distance from the sink experience very different traffic load with each other (local variation). This uneven distribution of traffic load, both globally and locally, results in a severe shortening of the time until first node runs out of battery. This work focuses on balancing the load of equally-distant nodes from the sink by sharing each one's load among its next-hop neighbors. Eventually, packets are travelling from node to sink by following interlaced paths. The proposed routing mechanism, called braided routing, is a simple one and can be applied over any cost-based routing, incurring a negligible overhead. Simulation results show that the local variance of load is reduced nearly 20-60% on average while the time until first death can be prolonged more than twice in many cases and the lifetime about 15%.
Research on Underground Personnel Positioning Method Based on PSO-GSA Optimization
Authors: Liu Ye , Li Tianze , Gao Tao , Wang Yuhan , Chen JiaHui
Published: February 2020

In the case of coal mine accidents, in order to ensure timely rescue of the suffering people in a complex environment of underground localization, focusing on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in underground personnel positioning accuracy is low and the problem of dynamic tracing parameters changes. Therefore, using an improved gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for the weighted centroid localization that based on RSSI. Utilizing the log distance path loss model gets the distance between the beacon nodes and unknown nodes, and then through the weighted centroid localization algorithm perform the unknown node positioning. Finally, the improved GSA-PSO optimizes the preliminary location results and parameters. Proposed solutions to establish simulation model is verified in MATLAB, and use the on-chip system CC2430 chips experiment platform is established. Experimental results show the proposed method can improve both the positioning accuracy effectively and the adaptive ability of changeful environment.
Application of Self-Healing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Zaman Noor , Jung Low Tang , Ponnusamy Vasaki
Published: February 2020

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining popularity in many monitoring and event detection areas. But the limitation of low power sensors needs to be further researched to combat the self-healing aspect of sensor networks. Therefore this paper aims to present a survey on application of self-healing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks that have been designed by analyzing their operation, advantages and disadvantages. This presents an outline of each application of the protocol and an idea of how these features could be adapted into future research area in self-healing wireless sensor networks in terms of energy aspect. The self-healing characteristics are mainly derived from biologically-inspired mechanisms for autonomic behavior. Autonomic behavior systems are characterized into four functional systems as self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization and self-protection. This survey mainly focuses on self-healing characteristics from the biologically-inspired perspectives as well as non-bio-inspired perspectives.
Improving Scalability in Replicated DRTDBS
Authors: Shrivastava Pratik
Published: February 2020

The demand for scalability in replicated distributed real-time database systems (RDRTDBS) is still explorative and, despite an increase in real-time applications, many challenges and issues remain in designing a more scalable system. The objective is to improve the scalability of the system during system scale up with new replica sites. Existing research has been mainly conducted in maintaining replica consistency between different replicas via replication protocol. However, very little research has been conducted towards improving scalability and maintaining mutual consistency and timeliness. Consequently, the ultimate aim of this chapter is to improve scalability in RDRTDBS such that performance of the system does not degrade even though new replica sites are added.
A Deep Learning Approach for Detection of Application Layer Attacks in Internet
Authors: Punitha V. , Mala C.
Published: February 2020

The recent technological transformation in application deployment, with the enriched availability of applications, induces the attackers to shift the target of the attack to the services provided by the application layer. Application layer DoS or DDoS attacks are launched only after establishing the connection to the server. They are stealthier than network or transport layer attacks. The existing defence mechanisms are unproductive in detecting application layer DoS or DDoS attacks. Hence, this chapter proposes a novel deep learning classification model using an autoencoder to detect application layer DDoS attacks by measuring the deviations in the incoming network traffic. The experimental results show that the proposed deep autoencoder model detects application layer attacks in HTTP traffic more proficiently than existing machine learning models.
Spam Mail Filtering Using Data Mining Approach
Authors: Gupta Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents an overview of spam email as a serious problem in our internet world and creates a spam filter that reduces the previous weaknesses and provides better identification accuracy with less complexity. Since J48 decision tree is a widely used classification technique due to its simple structure, higher classification accuracy, and lower time complexity, it is used as a spam mail classifier here. Now, with lower complexity, it becomes difficult to get higher accuracy in the case of large number of records. In order to overcome this problem, particle swarm optimization is used here to optimize the spam base dataset, thus optimizing the decision tree model as well as reducing the time complexity. Once the records have been standardized, the decision tree is again used to check the accuracy of the classification. The chapter presents a study on various spam-related issues, various filters used, related work, and potential spam-filtering scope.
Term Ordering-Based Query Expansion Technique for Hindi-English CLIR System
Authors: Chandra Ganesh , Dwivedi Sanjay K.
Published: February 2020

The quality of retrieval documents in CLIR is often poor compared to IR system due to (1) query mismatching, (2) multiple representations of query terms, and (3) un-translated query terms. The inappropriate translation may lead to poor quality of results. Hence, automated query translation is performed using the back-translation approach for improvement of query translation. This chapter mainly focuses on query expansion (Q.E) and proposes an algorithm to address the drift query issue for Hindi-English CLIR. The system uses FIRE datasets and a set of 50 queries of Hindi language for evaluation. The purpose of a term ordering-based algorithm is to resolve the drift query issue in Q.E. The result shows that the relevancy of Hindi-English CLIR is improved by performing Q.E. using a term ordering-based algorithm. The outcome achieved 60.18% accuracy of results where Q.E has been performed using a term ordering based algorithm, whereas the result of Q.E without a term ordering-based algorithm stands at 57.46%.
Information Literacy and Science Misinformation
Authors: Bartlett Joan C.
Published: February 2020

Science and health misinformation is endemic; there can be profound consequences both for individuals and society when people make decisions based on such information. Information literacy skills provide one tool to help mitigate against misinformation. These skills include the recognition of a need for information, the ability to locate and retrieve information, and the ability to effectively use the information. Underpinning these processes are the concept of effectiveness and the ability to evaluate all steps of the process. These skills are essential if people are to be able to evaluate the sources of information, the process by which it was retrieved, and the biases inherent in its creation and dissemination. Thus, information literacy is one of tools that can be used to mitigate against misinformation.
Behind the Post-Truth World
Authors: Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Gomes de Mello Mariana Rodrigues , Borges Ellen Valotta Elias , Ottonicar Selma Leticia Capinzaiki
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss information and media literacy from a philosophical perspective. This kind of discussion is important because it brings together scientific knowledge and philosophy. The authors base their arguments on some discussions about the Theory of Knowledge, such as the problem of truth, as well as philosophers such as Nietzsche and Foucault. This chapter is interdisciplinary, and it results in the evolution of information and media literacy theory. This chapter also aims to consider the power games that encourage fake news. These games are influenced by ideological aspects of the post-truth world.
Verification of Information and Evaluation of Approaches of Information Professionals in Accessing Accurate Information
Authors: Külcü Özgür
Published: February 2020

Accurate information for information professionals means recorded data that has integrity, validity, reliability, and authenticity. However, confidence in information sources can be pushed to the background when easily accessible and sensational information becomes so popular. It is often difficult even for professionals to decide on which content and which sources are credible. The chapter will describe the result of a survey of 236 information professionals that evaluated the personal and institutional communication and information acquisition environments, information searching behaviors, information and media literacy perspectives. The study looked at information requirements and information seeking behaviors, e-government services, citizenship issues, social and cultural activities and evaluated them within the framework of internet search engines, radio and television channels, social media, and information centers.
Brazilian Policy and Actions to Fight Against Fake News
Authors: Ottonicar Selma Leticia Capinzaiki
Published: February 2020

Fake news has influenced politics, economy, and society in Brazil. Because of that, some people have developed actions to fight against fake news and disseminate its consequences to people. In order to fight against fake news, individuals need critical literacy to verify the trustfulness of information sources. This chapter has three purposes: It intends to discuss the state of the art of scientific studies of fake news in Brazil. It aims to do documentary research to describe the policies and actions that were created to inform the population about the consequences of fake news. And it aims to show critical literacy concepts and the application of Brazilian standards and indicators of information and media literacy. The methodology is based on documentary research and a systematic literature review. The results demonstrate the journalistic, scientific, and political actions to fight against fake news.
Spiritualism and the Resurgence of Fake News
Authors: Popwell Kristy
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores the Spiritualist movement and its rapid growth due to the formation of mass media and compares these events with the current rise of fake news in the mass media. The technology of cheaper publications created a media platform that featured stories about Spiritualist mediums and communications with the spirit world. These articles were published in newspapers next to regular news creating a blurred line between real and hoax news stories. Laws were later created to address instances of fraud that occurred in the medium industry. Today, social media platforms provide a similar vessel for the spread of fake news. Online fake news is published alongside legitimate news reports leaving readers unable to differentiate between real and fake articles. Around the world countries are actioning initiatives to address the proliferation of false news to prevent the spread of misinformation. This chapter compares the parallels between these events, how hoaxes and fake news begin and spread, and examines the measures governments are taking to curb the growth of misinformation.