bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, organocatalytic synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of enantiopure fluorinated LpxC inhibitors
Authors: Rodríguez-Alvarado Melanie , Russo Riccardo , Connell Nancy D. , Brenner-Moyer Stacey E.
Published: July 2020

Enantiopure compounds designed to enhance LpxC inhibitionviastrategic incorporation of a fluorine atom were synthesized using an organocascade fluorination reaction as the key step.
Unleashing ultra-fast sodium ion storage mechanisms in interface-engineered monolayer MoS2/C interoverlapped superstructure with robust charge transfer networks
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhang Haitao , Wang Yanlei , Qian Cheng , Dong Qiang , Deng Chonghai , Jiang Danfeng , Shu Mengyao , Pan Shanshan , Zhang Suojiang
Published: July 2020

A new MoS2/C nanoarchitecture with robust charge transfer networks fabricated via a “self-splitting” process of bagasse exhibits ultra-fast/stable Na-ion storage.
Highly efficient deep-blue fluorescence OLEDs with excellent charge balance based on phenanthro[9,10-d]oxazole-anthracene derivatives
Authors: Kang Seokwoo , Huh Jin-Suk , Kim Jang-Joo , Park Jongwook
Published: July 2020

Deep-blue emitters based on phenanthro[9,10-d]oxazole (PO) and anthracene moiety for non-doped fluorescenct OLEDs.
Prognostic and immune regulating roles of YIF1B in Pan-Cancer: a potential target for both survival and therapy response evaluation
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Zheng , Zhao Pingsen , Li Wenli
Published: July 2020

The neurotransmitter, serotonin has emerged as a tumor growth factor and immune response regulator through complex signaling pathways. Yip1 Interacting Factor Homolog B (YIF1B) is a membrane protein involved in serotonin receptor (HTR) membrane trafficking and signal transmission in neuropathy. Participation of YIF1B in serotonin-induced tumor growth and immune regulation has not been previously investigated. Data for analysis of YIF1B mRNA expression were downloaded from the website portals: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), including clinical and mutational information. Survival analysis included the Kaplan–Meier method for calculation of the cumulative incidence of the survival event and the log rank method for comparison of survival curves between groups. Infiltration levels of immune cells were calculated and correlated with YIF1B expression using the Spearman correlation test to evaluate significance. Further correlation analyses between YIF1B expression and mutation indicators such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and mismatch repair (MMR) were also examined by the Spearman test. YIF1B expression was elevated in most cancer types and this high expression was indicative of poor overall survival (OS) and death-specific survival. In breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), high YIF1B expression correlated with a poor disease-free interval (DFI), indicating a role in malignancy progression. There was a positive relationship between YIF1B expression and immune cell infiltration in several cancer types, and YIF1B also positively correlated with TMB, MSI, and methylation in some cancer types, linking its expression to possible evaluation of therapy response. The bioinformatics analyses have, therefore, established YIF1B as a good biomarker for prognostic and therapeutic evaluation.
Use of Vestibular Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Clendaniel Richard A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purposes of this article are (a) to describe the different test procedures for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and (b) to provide guidance for the treatment of the various forms of BPPV and to discuss the efficacy of the different interventions.

Conclusions

While BPPV primarily occurs in the posterior semicircular canal, it is also seen in the anterior and horizontal semicircular canals. There are distinctive patterns of nystagmus that help identify the affected semicircular canal and to differentiate between cupulolithiasis and canalithiasis forms of BPPV. There is reasonable evidence to support the different treatments for both posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV. Anterior semicircular canal BPPV is rare, and as a consequence, there is little evidence to support the various treatment techniques. Finally, while BPPV is generally easy to identify, there are central causes of positional nystagmus with and without vertigo, which can complicate the diagnosis of BPPV. The signs and symptoms of BPPV are contrasted with those of the central causes of positional nystagmus.
Stellar coronal X-ray emission and surface magnetic flux
Authors: Zhuleku J. , Warnecke J. , Peter H.
Published: July 2020

Context. Observations show that the coronal X-ray emission of the Sun and other stars depends on the surface magnetic field.

Aims. Using power-law scaling relations between different physical parameters, we aim to build an analytical model to connect the observed X-ray emission to the surface magnetic flux.

Methods. The basis for our model are the scaling laws of Rosner, Tucker & Vaiana (RTV) that connect the temperature and pressure of a coronal loop to its length and energy input. To estimate the energy flux into the upper atmosphere, we used scalings derived for different heating mechanisms, such as field-line braiding or Alfvén wave heating. We supplemented this with observed relations between active region size and magnetic flux and derived scalings of how X-ray emissivity depends on temperature.

Results. Based on our analytical model, we find a power-law dependence of the X-ray emission on the magnetic flux, LX ∝ Φm, with a power-law index m being in the range from about one to two. This finding is consistent with a wide range of observations, from individual features on the Sun, such as bright points or active regions, to stars of different types and varying levels of activity. The power-law index m depends on the choice of the heating mechanism, and our results slightly favor the braiding and nanoflare scenarios over Alfvén wave heating. In addition, the choice of instrument will have an impact on the power-law index m because of the sensitivity of the observed wavelength region to the temperature of the coronal plasma.

Conclusions. Overall, our simple analytical model based on the RTV scaling laws gives a good representation of the observed X-ray emission. Therefore we might be able to understand stellar coronal activity though a collection of basic building blocks, like loops, which we can study in spatially resolved detail on the Sun.
Augenbewegungen
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: July 2020

Die äußeren Augenmuskeln sind für die Blickrichtung verantwortlich und zählen zur Skelettmuskulatur, die man willkürlich kontrollieren kann. Liegen bei der Koordination der Augenbewegungen Störungen vor, können Pathologien wie Nystagmus auftreten. Andererseits können Augenbewegungen therapeutisch genutzt werden, beispielsweise bei der EMDR.
Prüfungsthema: Trauma
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: July 2020

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit dem Thema Trauma.
EMDR: Heilsamer Seitenwechsel
Authors: Zimmermann Andreas
Published: July 2020

Die EMDR-Therapie ruft belastende Gefühle und Erinnerungen wach und modifiziert diese unter taktiler, visueller oder auditiver, bilateraler Stimulation. Patientenressourcen und -erkenntnisse stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt, sowie die drei Wirkprinzipien Entkonditionierung, Aufmerksamkeitsteilung und Veränderung des synaptischen Potenzials. Im beschriebenen Fall fand die zuvor hilflose und überforderte Patientin unter der Therapie zu entscheidenden Einsichten über ihre Möglichkeiten, Ressourcen und anstehenden Lebensentscheidungen.
Die Wellen wahrnehmen
Authors: Kobusch Adriane
Published: July 2020

Als Therapeut ist es im Kontakt mit traumatisierten Menschen Personen wichtig, sich vor sekundärer Traumatisierung und Retraumatisierung zu schützen. Dieser Schutz liegt vor allem darin, eigene Traumata psychotherapeutisch zu bearbeiten, sich Fachkenntnisse zum Thema Trauma anzueignen, seine Arbeit regelmäßig zu reflektieren (Supervision), seine Gefühle zu kennen und regulieren zu können (Achtsamkeit) sowie sich mithilfe von Imaginationsübungen zu schützen.
Subtile Resonanz
Authors: Küppers Adelheid
Published: July 2020

Der Erfahrungsbericht demonstriert anhand eines Fallbeispiels, wie es aussehen kann, wenn in der biodynamischen Craniosacraltherapie die Systeme von Therapeut und Klient in eine Resonanz miteinander gehen. Im Fallbeispiel zeigt sich unter anderem, wie Traumata das System so überfordern können, dass im Rahmen von Flucht und Kampf mobilisierte Bewegungsimpulse erstarren und dann als Trägheit gespeichert werden. Werden dem System empathisch Raum, Halt und genügend andere tragfähige Ressourcen zur Verfügung gestellt, können sich eingefrorene Bewegungsimpulse befreien und vollziehen, sodass Heilung geschehen kann.
“Ich fühle, dass ich da bin“
Authors: Wortberg Marie
Published: July 2020

Menschen mit Traumaerfahrungen fällt es zu Beginn einer Therapie oft schwer, sich bezüglich ihres Traumas zu öffnen, weshalb in der Therapie zunächst ein Vertrauensverhältnis geschaffen wird. Im Fall von Johanna B. haben Traumaerfahrungen aus ihrer Kindheit eine Komplexe Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (K-PTBS) mit dissoziativen Symptomen und Angststörungen ausgelöst. In der Therapie mit Patienten mit Traumaerfahrungen können Körperspürübungen, individuell gemischte spagyrische Mittel und Gemmotherapeutika die traumatherapeutische Begleitung unterstützen.
Körperspürübungen für neue Ressourcen
Authors: Wortberg Marie
Published: July 2020

Körperspürübungen können die Selbstregulation über das vegetative Nervensystem unterstützen und neue Ressourcen schaffen. Als Therapeut ist es wichtig, Körperspürübungen zunächst an sich und vertrauten Personen zu erkunden, bevor man einen Patienten anleitet. Durch Körperspürübungen können Menschen mit Traumaerfahrungen anregende Entspannung als wichtige Erfahrung von Selbstwirksamkeit erleben.
Präoperative Nüchternheit – Risiken, Tücken, Wissenslücken
Authors: Schieren Mark , Wappler Frank
Published: July 2020

Die bronchopulmonale Aspiration ist eine seltene, jedoch potenziell lebensbedrohliche anästhesieassoziierte Komplikation. Um das Risiko zu reduzieren, ist die Beachtung strikter präoperativer Nüchternheitsintervalle seit Jahrzehnten ein fest etablierter Sicherheitsstandard. Da die präoperative Flüssigkeits- und Nahrungsrestriktion jedoch auch schaden kann, sollte die gegenwärtige Umsetzung der Nüchternheitsvorgaben, insbesondere bezüglich der präoperativen Flüssigkeitsrestriktion, kritisch hinterfragt werden.
Notbrot und Kindsmacher
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: July 2020

Der Stinkende Storchschnabel (Geranium robertianum L.) ist eine volksheilkundlich bewährte Pflanze für Halsschmerzen bis Wundheilung.
Von tiefer Stille und flüssigem Licht
Authors: Küppers Adelheid
Published: July 2020

Die biodynamische Craniosacraltherapie bezieht sich über die therapeutischen Techniken hinaus auf die Heilkraft der Potency, die feinstofflichen Ebenen unseres Seins, die ursprüngliche Gesundheit und deren letztendliche Quelle, die tiefe Stille – auch als dynamische Stille bezeichnet.
COVID-19: Risikofaktoren und Prävention
Authors: Droste Renate
Published: July 2020

Einige Erkrankungen und Faktoren stehen mit einem schwereren COVID-19-Verlauf und höheren Risiko in Zusammenhang, darunter Adipositas, höheres Alter, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus und Lungenerkrankungen. Heilpraktiker können sich besonders bei Risikopersonen durch individuelle naturheilkundliche Konzepte präventiv einbringen.
Nervensystem im Notbetrieb
Authors: Wallbruch Gisela
Published: July 2020

In schwer traumatisierenden Situationen können durch neuronale Überlastung die rechte und linke Gehirnhemisphäre dissoziativ getrennt werden, was zur Spaltung von emotionaler Verarbeitung, Kognition und Handlungsimpuls führt. Eine traumabedingte Dysfunktion des Thalamus lässt Eindrücke, Symptome und Erinnerungsfragmente ständig wieder auftauchen, einhergehend mit emotionaler Labilität, Dauererregung und selbstschädigenden Verhaltensweisen. Bei erlebter Lebensgefahr bewirken Parasympathikus und limbisches System einen Totstellreflex, während der Hippocampus seine Fähigkeit zur Informationsverarbeitung verliert und somit der Neokortex dissoziiert. Kortisolmangel verhindert die Stressunterbrechung und trägt zur Entwicklung einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung bei.
Nursing Monitoring of Microsurgical Free Flaps: Identifying and Addressing Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Kleban Shawna R. , Ogley Scott C. , MacDavid Joshua C. , Goldman Joshua J. , Francis Ashish , Colombini Cory J. , Baynosa Richard C.
Published: July 2020

Background Microsurgical free flaps require careful monitoring to detect early signs of compromise. At many hospitals, nursing staff provides the majority of postoperative monitoring of free flap patients and it lies within their responsibility to alert physicians of a failing free flap. The aim of this study is to identify knowledge gaps in the monitoring of microvascular free tissue transfer in both novice and experienced nurses and to provide appropriate education to address these gaps.

Methods This was a pre- and postintervention study. An initial pilot survey was administered to identify knowledge deficiencies. A nursing educational session on free flap physiology and monitoring was then designed to address these deficiencies. An 18-question multiple choice quiz was administered before and after the educational session. Pre- and post-test scores were compared based on nursing experience. At 6 months, the participating nurses completed a survey rating their confidence with free flap patient care as a result of the educational session.

Results A total of 72 nurses completed the in-service training course and quiz. The average quiz score increased from 61.9 to 89.3% after the in-service (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between precurriculum test scores and nursing experience as referenced by total number of years in the profession (r s = –0.038, p = 0.754). The follow-up survey showed that prior to the course 38% of respondents reported little or no confidence caring for free flap patients, decreasing to 6% after the course (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Based on the results of this study, nursing knowledge of capillary refill, venous congestion, and basic microsurgical free flap physiology is inadequate. With implementation of a teaching in-service curriculum highlighting these key areas of deficiencies, nurses improved both their understanding and confidence levels, regardless of their level of experience.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: In Vitro Fertilization and Non-In Vitro Fertilization and Placenta Accreta Spectrum in a Massachusetts Cohort
Authors: Modest Anna M. , Toth Thomas L. , Johnson Katherine M. , Shainker Scott A.
Published: July 2020

Objective The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has been increasing in the United States. In addition, there has also been an increase in the utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The IVF pregnancies confer an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, but there is limited data on whether IVF is associated with PAS. The aim of this study is to assess the association between IVF and the risk of PAS.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of deliveries from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2018 at a tertiary hospital in the Massachusetts. IVF pregnancies were compared with non-IVF pregnancies, and PAS diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology reports. Hospital administrative data and medical record review were used, and supplemented with data from birth certificates from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.

Results We identified 28,344 pregnancies that met inclusion criteria, of which 1,418 (5.0%) were IVF pregnancies. The overall incidence of PAS was 0.4% (2.2% in the IVF group and 0.3% in the non-IVF group). Women who underwent IVF had 5.5 times the risk of PAS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–8.7) compared with women in the non-IVF group, adjusted for maternal age, nulliparity, and year of delivery (Table 5). Compared with women in the non-IVF group, the IVF group had fewer prior cesarean deliveries (22.6 vs. 64.2%) and a lower prevalence of placenta previa (19.4 vs. 44.4%).

Conclusion Women with an IVF pregnancy carry an increased risk of PAS compared with non-IVF. Among women who underwent IVF, there was a lower prevalence of prior cesarean deliveries and placenta previa. Future work is needed to identify the mechanism of association for this increased risk as well as a reliable tool for antenatal detection in this cohort of women.

Key Points
Lymph Nodal Metastatic Pattern in Carcinoma Gallbladder with Multidetector Computed Tomography: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Raj Gaurav , Singh Bhanupriya , Raj Richa , Singh Ragini
Published: July 2020

Objective This work aimed to study the distribution of lymph nodal metastatic pattern in carcinoma gallbladder with multidetector computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted including 80 patients with carcinoma gallbladder who underwent triple-phase CT angiography or single-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen between January 2019 and November 2019.

Results In our study, 75 (93.7%) out of 80 cases showed metastasis to lymph nodes, with distribution as follows: periportal (69), peripancreatic (62), and aortocaval (47). The most common involved combination included all three lymph nodal groups (periportal, peripancreatic, and aortocaval), involving 40 (50%) cases. The combination of only periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes was seen in 17 (21%) cases. Isolated periportal lymph nodes were seen in eight cases (10%) cases. The combination of only periportal and aortocaval lymph nodes was seen in four (5%) cases. Isolated peripancreatic lymph nodes were seen in three (3.7%) cases. The combination of periportal and aortocaval was seen in four (5%) cases followed by peripancreatic and aortocaval lymph nodes that was seen in two (2.5%) cases. Isolated aortocaval lymph nodes were seen in one (1.2%) case.

Conclusion Periportal lymph nodes were the single most commonly involved station followed by peripancreatic and aortocaval lymph nodes. The combination of periportal, peripancreatic, and aortocaval lymph nodes was seen most commonly. The second most commonly involved combination was found to be periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes followed by isolated periportal lymph nodes.
A numerical investigation of conjugate thermal boundary layers in a differentially heated partitioned cavity filled with different fluids
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Lei Chengwang
Published: July 2020

In this study, the instability mechanisms in the conjugate thermal boundary layers (TBLs) adjacent to a partition in a differentially heated dual-chamber cavity are investigated numerically. The two chambers of the cavity are filled with air (Pr = 0.71) and water (Pr = 8.58), and the partition is assumed to have a zero thickness. The effects of the aspect ratios of both chambers (Aair and Awater) and the overall temperature difference (ΔT) on the interactions between the conjugate air- and water-side TBLs are extensively investigated. It is found that Aair has a more significant impact on the instabilities of the TBLs than Awater. For a relatively small Aair (e.g., 10/3) and a relatively large Aair (e.g., 10), the water-side TBL resonates with the air-side TBL at the frequencies of the corner flow instabilities in the air chamber. For medium Aair (e.g., 4, 5, and 20/3), the air-side TBL becomes weakly turbulent, causing the water-side TBL to become chaotic. Furthermore, if ΔT is reduced, the air-side TBL becomes quasi-periodic, limiting the turbulence growth on the water side. A stability map illustrating the major instability mechanisms controlling the interactions between the conjugate TBLs is presented on the (Aair, Ra) domain for Awater = 5.
Topicality in Sentence Focus utterances
Authors: Vydrina Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Focus and newness are distinct features. The fact that subconstituents of focus can be given or discourse-old has been pointed out inSelkirk (1984)andLambrecht (1994). Nevertheless, when it comes to Sentence Focus, it is still common to equate Focus with newness, and to treat SF sentences as necessarily all-new. One of the reasons for such bias is that formally or typologically oriented descriptions of SF tend to analyze only intransitive ‘out of the blue’ SF utterances stemming from elicitation. Based on SF utterances in natural speech in Kakabe, a Western Mande language, the present study shows that in natural speech SF utterances are associated with a rich array of discourse strategies. Accordingly, the discourse properties of the referents inside SF are subject to variation and affect the implementation of the focus-marking. The study also shows how the discourse properties of referents define the distribution of the focus marker in Kakabe.
Population‐based trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany, 2003–2017
Authors: Hanssen‐Doose Anke , Niessner Claudia , Oriwol Doris , Bös Klaus , Woll Alexander , Worth Annette
Published: July 2020

Physical fitness is an important health resource. From 2003 onwards, the MoMo study, a part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), has investigated physical fitness on the basis of nationally representative data. The objective of this paper was to analyse trends in physical fitness of three cohorts at the ages of 4–17 years. Changes within 10 test items of the MoMo‐test profile are reported. The mean values of physical fitness and the relevant influencing factors were directly compared across cohorts (in the total group and in age‐and sex‐subgroups). Statistical significance of differences was examined by calculating the confidence intervals (95% CI) for complex samples; effect sizes were determined using Cohen's d. The results indicated that physical fitness levels of German children and adolescents initially slightly increased between MoMo baseline (2003–2006) and wave 1 (2009–2012). This could partly be attributed to increased physical activity in sports clubs and in extracurricular sports at school. Then, between MoMo wave 1 and MoMo wave 2 (2014–2017) the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany remained the same, as did all influencing factors with the exception of extracurricular sport. From a public health perspective, programmes and measures that can increase the chances for all children and adolescents to strive for greater physical fitness should be of the highest priority.
Reversible synthesis of GO: Role of differential bond structure transformation in fine-tuning photodetector response
Authors: Shabir Abgeena , Abid  , Sehrawat Poonam , Julien C M , Islam S S
Published: July 2020

The controlled modification of graphene’s electronic band structure poses serious challenges. In the present work, we study the effect of sp
2 cluster size variation on the electronic band gap and photoconductive properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This is achieved by performing reversible functionalization of RGO with oxygen species. The reversible functionalization of RGO results in its partial transformation to graphene oxide (GO) so that the size of the sp
2 clusters within the sp
3 matrix varies, thereby affecting the π-π* band structure and photoconductive properties. The study reveals: (1) incremental creation/elimination of oxygenated surface bonds’ related energy states within the π-π*
band; (2) customized tuning of the sp
2/sp
3 ratio; (3) the presence/absence of oxygenated states impacts the optical transition processes both from band-to-band and oxygenated states; and (4) the incremental addition/depletion of surface states in a tunable manner directly influences the carrier transport in the photoconductive device. Experiments show a two-stage transformation of RGO electronic properties with changing oxygen functionalities: oxidation (Stage I) and decomposition or erosion (Stage II). Sp
2 cluster size variation induced bandgap change was analyzed by Raman and photoluminescence studies, indicating the possibility for photodetection in a specific band encompassing NIR to UV, depending on the sp
2/sp
3 ratio. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies confirm the surface oxygenation/de-oxygenation during plasma treatment, and XRD confirms partial transformation of RGO to GO and its amorphization at higher plasma exposure times. In addition, the photodetector performance is optimized in terms of carrier generation-recombination and carrier-lattice scattering. Thus, manipulating better photoconductive response is possible through suitable handling of the parameters involved in the plasma treatment process. This is the first study on the influence of the sp
2/sp
3 ratio-induced lattice structure evolution on photodetection.
Beat the machine (learning): metal additive manufacturing and closed
loop control
Authors: Freeman Felicity S H B , Chechik Lova , Todd Iain
Published: July 2020

3D printing (additive manufacturing) is an emerging technology with the ability
to make complex, free-form shapes from materials including plastics, metals and
ceramics. While additive manufacturing has many advantages over more traditional
processes, it can be difficult to control, which can then lead to defects in the
finished part. Closed-loop control is a key part of most modern manufacturing
and household processes, improving efficiency and reducing variation. Machine
learning is an extension of this, where the controller learns how changes in the
input variables affect the output. Here we provide an overview of the different
types of metal additive manufacturing processes, and their relative strengths
and weaknesses. We also describe how closed-loop control and thermal cameras are
being used to improve these processes. Finally, we provide a link to a
free-to-download app which allows students to control their own simulation of an
additive manufacturing build, and see first-hand the need for control
algorithms. Pseudo-code is provided in an appendix to help students who wish to
take this further by building their own control algorithms.
Complete hyperentangled state analysis using weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity and auxiliary entanglement
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Zhu Ka-Di
Published: July 2020

We present a new method for the complete analysis of hyperentangled Bell state and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom, resorting to weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity and auxiliary frequency entanglement. The weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity with small phase shift is used to construct quantum nondestructive detector, and it is realizable with the current technology. Compared with the previous schemes, our scheme largely reduces the requirement on nonlinearity with the help of auxiliary entanglement in the third degree of freedom. Our method provides an efficient avenue for the hyperentangled state analysis, and will be useful for high-capacity quantum information processing.
Gleason Score Evolution and the Effect on Prostate Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Swanson Gregory P , Trevathan Sean , Hammonds Kendall A P , Speights V O , Hermans Michael R
Published: July 2020

Objectives

We evaluated how the changes in Gleason grading affected the long-term outcomes of a large prostatectomy cohort.

Methods

We obtained long-term follow-up (16.7 years) in 581 patients having undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1985 and 1995. We excluded those with seminal vesicle and/or lymphatic involvement. We regraded the specimens according to contemporary guidelines and compared how this affected outcomes compared with their original (pre-1995) Gleason scoring. In total, 499 patients were evaluable.

Results

A Gleason score of 6 or less declined from 73% to 29%, and the number increased from 25% to 63% for a Gleason score of 7 and from 5% to 8% for a Gleason score of 8 to 9. As a result, for a Gleason score less than 7, biochemical failure decreased from 28% to 23%, metastatic disease 5% to 2%, and prostate cancer death from 5% to 3%. The same results were 50% to 37%, 11% to 7%, and 10% to 6% for a Gleason score of 7 and 86% to 71%, 43% to 32%, and 29% to 26% for a Gleason score more than 7, respectively. With the most recent grade grouping, for groups 1 to 5, biochemical failure occurred in 23%, 32%, 45%, 69%, and 78%, respectively. Metastatic disease occurred in 2%, 4%, 12%, 24%, and 56%, respectively. Prostate cancer–related death occurred in 2%, 4%, 9%, 21%, and 44%, respectively.

Conclusions

The revised Gleason scores improved the outcomes in all risk groups. Based on Gleason score, patients with prostate cancer will appear to have better outcomes than they did before 2005, making any comparison tenable. The current grading system shows a consistent increased risk in biochemical failure, metastatic disease, and prostate cancer–related death with each successive grade.
Supramodal Mechanisms of the Cognitive Control Network in Uncertainty Processing
Authors: Wu Tingting , Spagna Alfredo , Chen Chao , Schulz Kurt P , Hof Patrick R , Fan Jin
Published: July 2020

Information processing under conditions of uncertainty requires the involvement of cognitive control. Despite behavioral evidence of the supramodal function (i.e., independent of sensory modality) of cognitive control, the underlying neural mechanism needs to be directly tested. This study used functional magnetic imaging together with visual and auditory perceptual decision-making tasks to examine brain activation as a function of uncertainty in the two stimulus modalities. The results revealed a monotonic increase in activation in the cortical regions of the cognitive control network (CCN) as a function of uncertainty in the visual and auditory modalities. The intrinsic connectivity between the CCN and sensory regions was similar for the visual and auditory modalities. Furthermore, multivariate patterns of activation in the CCN predicted the level of uncertainty within and across stimulus modalities. These findings suggest that the CCN implements cognitive control by processing uncertainty as abstract information independent of stimulus modality.
Magnitude and Kinetics of Anti–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Responses and Their Relationship to Disease Severity
Authors: Lynch Kara L , Whitman Jeffrey D , Lacanienta Noreen P , Beckerdite Erica W , Kastner Shannon A , Shy Brian R , Goldgof Gregory M , Levine Andrew G , Bapat Sagar P , Stramer Susan L , Esensten Jonathan H , Hightower Allen W , Bern Caryn , Wu Alan H B
Published: July 2020

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can be detected indirectly by measuring the host immune response. For some viruses, antibody concentrations correlate with host protection and viral neutralization, but in rare cases, antiviral antibodies can promote disease progression. Elucidation of the kinetics and magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is essential to understand the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods

Sera (n = 533) from patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 (n = 94 with acute infections and n = 59 convalescent patients) were tested using a high-throughput quantitative immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) assay that detects antibodies to the spike protein receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid protein. Individual and serial samples covered the time of initial diagnosis, during the disease course, and following recovery. We evaluated antibody kinetics and correlation between magnitude of the response and disease severity.

Results

Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production varied considerably. Among 52 patients with 3 or more serial specimens, 44 (84.6%) and 42 (80.8%) had observed IgM and IgG seroconversion at a median of 8 and 10 days, respectively. Compared to those with milder disease, peak measurements were significantly higher for patients admitted to the intensive care unit for all time intervals between 6 and 20 days for IgM, and all intervals after 5 days for IgG.

Conclusions

High-sensitivity assays with a robust dynamic range provide a comprehensive picture of host antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. IgM and IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with severe than mild disease. These differences may affect strategies for seroprevalence studies, therapeutics, and vaccine development.
A Novel Human Acute Encephalitis Caused by Pseudorabies Virus Variant Strain
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Wang Xiaojuan , Xie Caihua , Ding Shifang , Yang Hongna , Guo Shibang , Li Jixuan , Qin Lingzhi , Ban Fuguo , Wang Dongfang , Wang Cui , Feng Lingxiao , Ma Haichang , Wu Bin , Zhang Liping , Dong Changxian , Xing Li , Zhang Jiewen , Chen Huanchun , Yan Ruoqian , Wang Xiangru , Li Wei
Published: July 2020

Background

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a common pathogen in multiple animal species, particularly in pigs. However, PRV infection in humans is rare and, to the best of our knowledge, PRV has never been isolated from human cases before.

Methods

Four acute encephalitis cases in humans were confirmed as PRV infection based on clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and applied for virus isolation. Etiological and genetic characteristics of this PRV human isolate were further determined.

Results

The patients manifested respiratory dysfunction and acute neurological symptoms. The mNGS revealed PRV-specific nucleotide sequences in patients’ CSF samples (7–6198 reads and 0.2446%–80.58% coverage). The PRV envelope glycoprotein B antibody, glycoprotein E antibody, and neutralizing antibody were positively detected. For the first time, a PRV strain, designated hSD-1/2019, was isolated and identified from a CSF sample, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that hSD-1/2019 had typical morphology similar to that of swine PRV. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that hSD-1/2019 was genetically closest to those PRV variant strains currently circulating in pigs in China, and this strain showed similar etiological characteristics to Chinese PRV variant strains, while different from Chinese classical strain. Moreover, hSD-1/2019 showed high pathogenicity and induced acute neurological symptoms in pigs.

Conclusions

A PRV strain was isolated from an acute human encephalitis case. This isolate showed close phylogenetic relationships and similar etiological characteristics to Chinese PRV variant strains, implying the great risk of PRV transmission from pigs to humans.
Switching to Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Virologically Suppressed Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Sax Paul E , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Luetkemeyer Anne F , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Ward Douglas , Trottier Benoit , Rieger Armin , Liu Hui , Acosta Rima , Collins Sean E , Brainard Diana M , Martin Hal ,   GS-US-380–4030 Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background

Bictegravir (B)/emtricitabine (F)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is guideline-recommended treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We evaluated whether people receiving dolutegravir (DTG) plus F/TAF or F/TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) with viral suppression can switch to B/F/TAF without compromising safety or efficacy, regardless of preexisting nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance.

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, noninferiority trial, we enrolled adults who were virologically suppressed for ≥6 months before screening (with documented/suspected NRTI resistance) or ≥3 months before screening (with no documented/suspected NRTI resistance) on DTG plus either F/TDF or F/TAF. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants to switch to B/F/TAF or DTG + F/TAF once daily for 48 weeks, each with matching placebo. The primary endpoint was proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at week 48 (snapshot algorithm); the prespecified noninferiority margin was 4%.

Results

Five hundred sixty-seven adults were randomized; 565 were treated (284 B/F/TAF, 281 DTG + F/TAF). At week 48, B/F/TAF was noninferior to DTG + F/TAF, as 0.4% (1/284) vs 1.1% (3/281) had HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL (difference, −0.7% [95.001% confidence interval {CI}, −2.8% to 1.0%]). There were no significant differences in efficacy among participants with suspected or confirmed prior NRTI resistance (n = 138). No participant had treatment-emergent drug resistance. Median weight change from baseline at week 48 was +1.3 kg (B/F/TAF) vs +1.1 kg (DTG + F/TAF) (P = .46). Weight change differed by baseline NRTIs (+2.2 kg [F/TDF] and +0.6 kg [F/TAF], P < .001), with no differences between B/F/TAF and DTG + F/TAF.

Conclusions

The single-tablet regimen B/F/TAF is a safe, effective option for people virologically suppressed on DTG plus either F/TDF or F/TAF, including in individuals with preexisting resistance to NRTIs.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT03110380.
Economic Development through Migration: Facilitating Skilled Migration to China through the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Richter Eva L
Published: July 2020

Strengthening people-to-people ties is part of the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) cooperation priorities and is to be realized, among others, through student and academic exchanges, research cooperation, joint vocational training, and tourism. Through national legislation and efforts in bilateral and multilateral cooperation on student, academic, and personnel mobility, China occupies a key role in shaping the way migration develops along the BRI. The findings suggest that new skilled migration legislation in China, geared towards foreigners with tertiary education, paired with BRI cooperation efforts and visa facilitation, is opening comparatively more opportunities for skilled nationals of BRI countries. BRI nationals are more often exempt from visas and have access to targeted talent attraction and retention programs. Nevertheless, up to now, these efforts have been mainly undertaken by the Chinese government, and skilled BRI nationals are not being encouraged to migrate to China under the bilateral employment agreements.
An Energy-Efficient Step-Counting Algorithm for Smartphones
Authors: Yang Runze , Song Jian , Huang Baoqi , Li Wuyungerile , Qi Guodong
Published: July 2020

Step counting is not only the key component of pedometers (which is a fundamental service on smartphones), but is also closely related to a range of applications, including motion monitoring, behavior recognition, indoor positioning and navigation. Due to the limited battery capacity of current smartphones, it is of great value to reduce the energy consumption of such a popular service. Therefore, this paper focuses on the energy efficiency of step-counting algorithms. First of all, we formulate a theoretical error model based on the well-known auto-correlation coefficient step-counting (ACSC) algorithm, so as to analyze the factors affecting step-counting accuracy. And then, in light of this model and an adaptive sampling strategy, we propose a novel energy-efficient step-counting algorithm by adaptively substituting the computationally intensive auto-correlation with simple mean absolute deviation. On these grounds, an Android pedometer is implemented. Two individual experiments are carried out and verify both the theoretical error model and the proposed algorithm. It is shown that our algorithm outperforms two famous counterparts, i.e. the original ACSC algorithm and peak detection step-counting algorithm, in terms of both accuracy and energy efficiency.
Selfhood in the Early Finance Capitalism of Manon Lescaut
Authors: Yamashita Masano
Published: July 2020

Prévost’s memoir-novel, L’Histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut, engages with the challenges of deploying traditional modes of literary description (characterology and allegorization) in the nascent reign of finance capitalism. This article examines the interrelationship between abstraction and material existence in the early eighteenth-century French bestseller Manon Lescaut. By underscoring the ambivalences of class ideology via the context of financial revolution, I argue that Prévost experiments with a new moral economy of selfhood that grapples with, and perhaps ultimately loosens itself from, the strictures of ancien régime social identity.
Hyperbolicity and Uniformity of Varieties of Log General type
Authors: Ascher Kenneth , DeVleming Kristin , Turchet Amos
Published: July 2020

Projective varieties with ample cotangent bundle satisfy many notions of hyperbolicity, and one goal of this paper is to discuss generalizations to quasi-projective varieties. A major hurdle is that the naive generalization is false—the log cotangent bundle is never ample. Instead, we define a notion called almost ample that roughly asks that it is as positive as possible. We show that all subvarieties of a quasi-projective variety with almost ample log cotangent bundle are of log general type. In addition, if one assumes globally generated then we obtain that such varieties contain finitely many integral points. In another direction, we show that the Lang–Vojta conjecture implies the number of stably integral points on curves of log general type, and surfaces of log general type with almost ample log cotangent sheaf are uniformly bounded.
Novel Use of Rifabutin and Rifapentine to Treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rat Model of Foreign Body Osteomyelitis
Authors: Karau Melissa J , Schmidt-Malan Suzannah M , Albano Mariana , Mandrekar Jayawant N , Rivera Christina G , Osmon Douglas R , Oravec Caitlin P , Berry Daniel J , Abdel Matthew P , Patel Robin
Published: July 2020

Background

Owing to patient intolerance or drug interactions, alternative agents to rifampin are needed for management of staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infection. In the current study, we evaluated rifabutin, rifapentine and rifampin, with and without vancomycin, in a rat model of foreign body osteomyelitis.

Methods

Proximal tibiae were inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a Kirschner wire (K-wire) implanted in each. After 4 weeks of infection, rifampin, rifabutin, or rifapentine were administered, alone or with vancomycin. Tibiae and K-wires were cultured, and medians were reported as log10 colony-forming units (CFUs) per gram of bone or log10 CFUs per K-wire, respectively.

Results

Rifampin, rifabutin or rifapentine administered with vancomycin yielded less MRSA from bones (0.10, 3.02, and 0.10 log10 CFUs/g, respectively) than did no treatment (4.36 log10 CFUs/g) or vancomycin alone (4.64 log10 CFUs/g) (both P ≤ .02). The K-wires of animals receiving no treatment or vancomycin monotherapy recovered medians of 1.76 and 2.91 log10 CFUs/g per K-wire, respectively. In contrast, rifampin, rifabutin and rifapentine administered with vancomycin yielded medians of 0.1 log10 CFUs per K-wire, respectively. Rifampin resistance was detected in a single animal in the rifampin monotherapy group.

Conclusions

Rifabutin or rifapentine with vancomycin were as active as rifampin with vancomycin against MRSA in rat foreign body osteomyelitis, suggesting that rifabutin and/or rifapentine may be alternatives to rifampin in the clinical management of staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infections.
A patient-centred approach to deprescribing antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV
Authors: Guaraldi Giovanni , Milic Jovana , Marcotullio Simone , Mussini Cristina
Published: July 2020

Only a few studies have explored the benefit of deprescribing in people living with HIV (PLWH), focusing on the discontinuation of non-antiretrovirals (non-ARVs) used for HIV-associated comorbidities (co-medications), or the management of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between ARVs or between ARVs and co-medications. The availability of modern single-tablet regimens, two-drug regimens and long-acting therapy opens a discussion regarding ARV deprescribing strategies. The objective of this article is to discuss ARV deprescribing strategies in the context of medication-related burden and patients’ lived experience with medicine (PLEM) and to suggest indications for whom, when, how and why to consider these ARV options in PLWH. A PLEM construct helps to better interpret these strategies and provides a patient-centred precision-medicine approach. There are several safe and virologically effective ARV deprescribing strategies, but the ultimate benefits of these interventions still need to be further explored in terms of the overall health and quality of life of patients.
Rare cancers in Japan: definition, clinical features and future perspectives
Authors: Kawai Akira , Higashi Takahiro , Shibata Taro , Yoshida Akihiko , Katoh Yoko , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Nishida Toshirou
Published: July 2020

This review introduces the definition, epidemiology and therapeutic challenges of rare cancers and describes the establishment of the Rare Cancer Center at the National Cancer Center, Japan. Rare cancers are defined as malignant tumors with an incidence rate of less than 6 cases per 100 000 individuals. Due to their low incidence rate, medical treatment for rare cancers is more challenging than for more common cancer types. Specifically, 190 types of cancers, including bone and soft tissue sarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), neuroendocrine tumors and gliomas, are classified as rare cancers. Individually, each of the rare cancers accounts for less than 1% of all cancers, but collectively they account for 15% of all cancers. On the basis of their medical management, rare cancers can be subclassified into two types: Type I (rare cancers within cancer-rare organs) and Type II (rare cancers within cancer-common organs). Most importantly, the outcomes for rare cancers are poorer compared to those of common cancers. In 2014, the Rare Cancer Center was established at the National Cancer Center to address the various challenges related to rare cancers. The Rare Cancer Center has adopted a multifaceted approach for overcoming these challenges, including active sharing of information through a dedicated website and an online seminar series ‘Rare Cancer Meet the Expert’, providing medical support through telephone consultations via a ‘Rare Cancer Hotline’, supporting basic research and establishing the ‘MASTER KEY Project’ aimed at developing new treatments.
Asian Tiger Mosquito in Yucatan Peninsula: First Record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Hernández–Rodríguez Jorge Luis , Perez-Pacheco Rafael , Vásquez-López Alfonso , Mejenes–Hernández Meret Chantal , Granados–Echegoyen Carlos Alejandro , Arcos-Cordova Irma Del Rosario , Pérez–Rentería Crescencio , Benítez-Alva José I , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Huerta Herón
Published: July 2020

This report describes the presence of Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yucatan Peninsula and represents the first record of the Asian tiger invasive mosquito in Campeche State, southeastern Mexico. We collected specimens using 11,326 ovitraps put into houses of urban and rural areas, as part of the entomological surveillance by the local Ministry of Health from January 2019 to February 2020. We found Ae. albopictus in five of the 12 municipalities of Campeche (San Francisco de Campeche, Tenabo, Hecelchakán, Calkíni and Escárcega). We record 68 positive ovitraps and 226 Ae. albopictus larvae. This finding increases the number of mosquito species recorded in Campeche, Mexico, and possibly the potential for 22 arbovirus transmission.