bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Compression Ratio on Pollutant Emission of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Nano Diesel
Authors: Kathum Nassir Abdulkhodor , A. K. Shahad Haroun
Published: July 2019

This studying aims to examine the impact of compression ratio (CR) on the pollutants of a compression ignition engine (CIE) fuelled with Nano-diesel. Nano-particles of Al2O3 and TiO2 are used as additives to diesel fuel with particle size less 45 nm. The impact is tested for 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm doses. Tests are performed at different loads and a speed of 1500 rpm. Three CR are used namely13.5, 15.5 and 17.5. Results illustrated the affects of CR on the emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, smoke opacity and UHC. Results showed Â that CO concentration rises with increasing of CR for Al2O3. It is increased by 2.5, 4.9 and 15.3% for the three ratios at 100ppm and 25% load while at full load there is no much effect as a result of high combustion temperature. Negligible effect is noticed for TiO2.The concentration of CO2rises with increasing CR at all dozes but it is very clear with 150ppm and 25% load3.7, 4.1 and 4.8% for Al2O3. The effect ofÂ  TiO2 is higher than that of Al2O3. The results also, show that NOx concentration is increased and becomes 604, 651 and 698ppm for 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 respectively for Al2O3 at 25ppm and 25% load. The impact of Al2O3 is more noticeable than that of TiO2.The smoke opacity is slightly affected by CR for Al2O3 andÂ  TiO2 at all doses and 25% load. UHC decreases slightly from 79, 75 and 71 ppm for CR of 13.5, 15.5 and 17.5 respectively for Al2O3 at 25ppm and 25% load. UHC decreases from 68, 65 and 61 ppm for CR13.5, 15.5 and 17 respectively for TiO2 at 25ppm and 25% load.Â Â
Promote Replica Management based on Data Mining Techniques
Authors: M. Almuttairi Rafah , S. Almhanna Mahdi , Q. Mohammed Mohammed , Q Muhamed Saif
Published: July 2019

The data grid technique evolved largely in sharing the data in multiple geographical stations across different sites to improve the data access and increases the speed of transmissionÂ  data. The performance and the availability of the resources is taken into account, when a total of sites holding a copy of files, there is a considerable benefit in selecting the best set of replica sites to be cooperated for increasing data transfer job. In this paper, new selecrtion strategy is proposed to reduce the total transfer time of required files. Pincer-Search algorithm is used to explore the common characteristics of sites to select uncongestedÂ  replica sites.Â Â
Structural Behavior of Continuous Steel-Reactive Powder Concrete Composiate Beams Under Repeated Loads
Authors: Yassien Dakhil Rasha , B. Dawood Mustafa
Published: July 2019

A study for the continuous composite steel-reactive powder concrete beams under repeated loads were executed experimentally and analytically. In the experimental part, six continuous composite sections were constructed as test beams. "Theâ€˜â€œdecks slab concretes"was connected tos steel I-beams by headed steel studs welded to the top flangesâ€œofsâ€œthesâ€˜â€˜steel I-beams.â€œT,he dimensionsâ€œ of â€œtheâ€œ deck slab is (2200Ã—250Ã—80mm), while the type of I-beam is (IPE 140) with length of (2200mm). For the present work, the experimental work includes also examining the shear in the links by creating two models (push out) and tested to determine the properties and behavior of the studs. The behavior of the studs were conducted by"getting load-slip curves. In the part of the,oretical,â€˜â€˜.tested beams.was numericallysmodeled then analyzed using thesfinite element method.â€˜â€œThesâ€œnumerical models were carried out in three dimensionss bysâ€œthe software package (ANSYS 16.1). Verifi,cationsof thesnumericalsresultsâ€œwas donesbyscompari,ngs thems with the experimentals results. â€œThesresultssof thesfiniteselementsanalysissshowed good agreementsâ€˜with the results ofsthe experimental tests. The maximumsandsminimum differenceâ€˜â€˜in ultimate loa,ds for beamsâ€˜â€˜ were (5.85% and 1.33%) respectively.Â  The results show that stiffenerssof beamssandsstrengthening with CFRP shall increase the ultimate load capacityâ€˜and affects onâ€˜â€˜mode of failureâ€œ of theses beams.â€˜Â Â
An Evaluation Instrument (Q-U) for Measuring the usability of Business Intelligence Application
Authors: Hameed Mousa Ayad , Adnan Raheem Heba , Talib Mohammed Nibras
Published: July 2019

The main purpose of Business Intelligence (BI) applications is to focus on supporting organizations' strategic, operational and tactical decisions by providing comprehensive, accurate and vivid data to the decision makers. Usability testing is an important part of software development. It focuses on how well users can understand and utilize a product/software in fulfilling their intended goals. In the software development, most software tends to be complex. Hence, the way to ensure that such software will satisfy users will be done by measuring the usability of such software. Due to using many data integration techniques in developing BI application, thus, the different software have different instruments to measure the usability of BI software. In this paper, the new instrument (Q-U) for measuring BI software was developed. A systematic approach was adopted which suggested by many researchers in developing the intended Q-U instrument.The literature has been reviewed in a systematic manner to elicitation Q-U instrument attributes. Multi-methods were used in validating Q-U instrument such as face validity, a pilot study for testing the goodness ofÂ Â  Q-U consistency, and factor analysis. Multi-methods were used in validating Q-U instrument such as face validity, a pilot study for testing the goodness ofÂ Â  Q-U consistency, and factor analysis as well as Bartlettâ€™s test for measuring the reliability of Q_U. The finding obtained indicates the workability of Q_U in measuring the usability OF BI applications. Ultimately, Q_U was used in measuring BI application in two different sectors.Â Â
Fabrication and Characterization of Piezoelectric Polymer Nano Composites for Humidity Sensors Applications
Authors: Jabbar Braihi Auda , Amir Flaieh Ahmed , Mohammed Hussein Mostafa
Published: July 2019

Piezoelectric polymer nano compositesfor humidity sensors applications are manufactured in this work by adding nano Yttrium oxides (Y2O3) in three ratios (3,6and 9 wt.%) to the polymeric blend consist of (1:9) poly vinyl difluoride (PVDF) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). FTIR results showed that PVDF addition to PMMA causes shifting in the blue direction and there is no chemical bonding between the prepared composites components,butthere is a significant increase in the rate of permeabilityat higherY2O3 ratio. This addition causes the hardness to be increased linearly. Morphology results showed, that the lower ratios of Y2O3 causes the surface became smoother and homogeneous, while higher ratios increase the roughness of the surface. These compositesgive piezoelectric behavior where the electrical resistance decreases by increasing the pressure. With regard to the dielectric properties the losses coefficient increase by increasing the frequency while dielectric constant decreases. The composites showed to be more hydrophilic by increasing theY2O3 ratio,which suggests these composites for water storage applications. The results show possibility of using these composites as humidity sensorsin relative humidity less than 70%, where the electrical resistivity decreases as the relative humidity increasing.Â Â
Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastics Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: A. Al-Azzawi Adel , S. Shalal Mustafa
Published: July 2019

The concrete prepared with Polyvinyl chloride plastics (collected from doors and windows wastes) as recycled coarse aggregates and their concrete engineering properties are studied in the laboratory in this research. The concrete blends have an expected cylinder compressive strength of 28 MPa. In this research, the concrete blends contain plasticcoarse aggregate.The ratio of this aggregate to the total aggregate volume ranges from 0 to 1. The concrete strength properties in tension and compression are greatly affected with the plastic replacement ratio. The blends density reduces with increasing replacement ratio. For low replacement ratio, the effect is practically marginal. It is not acceptable to use ACI 318 code spilt cylinder equation for plasticaggregate concrete with higher replacement ratioÂ Â
Numerical Investigation of Fluid-Structure Interaction with Mixed Convection in an Open Cavity of Flexible Wall: Effect of Geometrical Parameters
Authors: A. Sabbar Walaa , A. Ismael Muneer , Almudhaffar Mujtaba
Published: July 2019

The object of this paper is the mixed convection and fluid flow in a cavity consisting of a flexible wall linked to a horizontal channel. A heat source segment fixed on the bottom wall while all other solid walls are thermally insulated heats up the cavity. Fluid structure interaction (FSI)is taken into account and the arbitrary Lagrangianâ€“Eulerian (ALE) technique with FEM are adopted together to solve the discretized formulations. Impacts of various parameters on the heat exchange were investigated, these are: the channel height to cavity height ratio, represented by (H/D) = 0.5â€“1.1;heat source length, LH= 0.5 â€“ 1.5;heat source location, and Ri = 0.1- 100. The results show that (H/D) has marginal impact on the Nusselt number, where only 5% enhancement is associated at H/D = 0.7 for Ri = 100. The lower the length of the heat source is the maximal the Nusselt number. A maximum enhancement in the Nusselt number of 156% is obtained when LH is decreased from 1.5 to 0.5.Â Â
Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Synthetic Wastewater using Kenaf Core and Activated Carbon
Authors: Ethaib Saleem , K. Erabee Iqbal , A. Abdulsahib Ali
Published: July 2019

The removal of textile-based cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from synthetic wastewater was investigated in batch model using low cost agro-based adsorbents named Kenaf core, and the activated carbon. A comparative analysis between these adsorbents was defined via pH, adsorbent dose and contact time on adsorption process, and morphological properties. In addition, isotherms adsorption studies were estimated for determination of the equilibrium adsorption capacity. The experimental observation showed that the optimum pH values for Kenaf core and the activated carbon were 6 and 4 respectively. Meanwhile the optimum adsorbent dosage values for Kenaf and the activated carbon were 1.5g for both. The results showed that a high adsorption efficiency for Kenaf core which was about 84% and 92 % for activated carbon. The correlation coefficients (ð‘…2) for kenaf core were equal to 0.8789 and 89 for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficients (ð‘…2) for activated carbon were equal were 0.8974 and 0.7643 for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The results illustrated that the Kenaf core has a porous and an irregular surface area which make it a suitable adsorbent for dyes in the wastewater.Â
Locations Ranking using Page Rank Algorithm
Authors: A. Al-Sultany Ghaidaa , A. Abd Al-Ameer Asraa
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, large amount of user-generated data can obtained from social media (e.g., Instagram and Flicker) .People sharing their travel experiences with geo-tagged photo through these media, and the photo itself has important information like title, tags and location.Thesetypes of data provide a new perspective for us to understand the contexts of users. In this paper we focused on tourism service by collecting and analyzing geo-tagged photo from the social media to identify the most popular tourist places and rank them based on user location. We used PageRank algorithm that rank locations based on the relation between the locations and a set of tags that discovered by weighting scheme. Thus, an intelligent location-based tourist services can be provide to people. The work experiments have shown encouraging results in terms of ranking the given locations.Â Â
Characterization of Zirconia- Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites for Orthopedic and Dental Applications
Authors: Khahtan Sabree Israa , Saleh Mahdi Ola
Published: July 2019

Zirconium oxide ceramic was proposed for different biomedical applications. It is used in orthopedic as hip and knee prostheses and in dentistry due to the good mechanical, biological high corrosion and wear resistance properties, addition to the aesthetic property owing to tooth like color. Zirconia stabilized with Y2O3 has the best properties for these applications. The present work aims to study the effect of (5 and 10)Wt.% hydroxyapatite (HA) as additives to 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) nano powder matrix. The green body samples were shaped by powder technology using cold pressing then sintering at (1300 and 1400)áµ’C. The 3YSZ/ HA nanocomposites samples were characterized by XRD to investigate phase stability with varying percent's of HA and different sintering temperatures, the mechanical propertiesÂ  (maximum bending strength and hardness) were investigated as a function of the HA content, the changes of the thermal expansion coefficient for composite samples were investigated using Dilatometer. The experimental results proved that additions of (5 and 10)Wt.% HA to 3YSZ matrix reduce both hardness and max. bending strength, while increasing sintering temperature from 1300áµ’C to 1400áµ’C leading to an increase in the hardness and bending strength for all composite samples. The results of thermal expansion test showed a reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient with presence of HA%, however the coefficient of 3YSZ/ 10%HA is closer to 3YSZ from 3YSZ/ 5%HA. EDS analysis shows improvement in the bioactivity of inert 3YSZ with HA% additions represented by increasing Ca and P ions on the composite samples after immersing in SBF for 6 days.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Study the Effect of Blade Angles on the Performance of Axial Six Blades Wind Turbine
Authors: A AbdulKareem Mishaal , A Hussain Ammar , S Fahad Raid
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the performance of a six blades axial type wind turbine has been studied experimentally to estimate the wind power, the electrical generated power and-the modified power-coefficient of the wind-turbine. This study was conducted under different operating conditions assuming steady-state, incompressible and isothermal air flow through the wind-turbine. The range of operating condition was (2 to 5.6 m/s wind speed), (10% to 100% of electrical load that is applied on the terminals of the electrical generator) and (10Â° to 80Â° blades angle of the wind-turbine). A good agreement was obtained when comparing the results of the present work with those of a previously published article. The predicted results showed that increasing the wind speed and-the blades angle of the wind-turbine will increase the generated power from the wind-turbine. The maximum-value of the modified power-coefficient was (0.57) at a wind velocity value of (5.6 m/s) and at a blades angle value of (80Â°). It is found that itâ€™s not recommended to operate the wind-turbine at (80Â°) blades angle associated with a wind speed range that is above (3.8 m/s) due to a high level of wind-turbine vibration.Â
Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Pressure Response for Steam Generator
Authors: A. AbdulKareem Mishaal
Published: July 2019

Cold startup of boiler is the process of boiler operation with water at ambient temperature and pressure with all intake and discharge valves are fully closed to permit fast development of pressure.Â  A mathematical model is developed to estimate the pressure response during cold startup of a perfectly insulated steam generator unit. A commercial type pressure switch is used in this unit to control and maintain the desired set point of the steam operating pressure. This mathematical model assume that the thermal properties of the supplied liquid water are temperature dependent. It is based on a novel Pressure Marching Technique that is coded using a FORTRAN language computer program. The maximum percentage error of (8.24 %) was obtained when comparing the predicted results of the mathematical model with the measured values obtained from the experimental test that was done using a (2 kW) electric steam generator unit with a volume of (30 litter) and maximum operating pressure of (8 bar). In addition, the same behavior of the predicted results was obtained when compared with results of a previously published article. It was found that the time constant of the pressure control system is directly proportional with its operating pressure set point and with the volume of the steam generator and its void fraction. A (50%) increase in the pressure set point will increase the time constant by (66.16%). Increasing the boiler volume by (166.667%) will increase the time constant by (166.677%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will increase the time constant by (23.634%). The time constant is inversely proportional with the heating power of the steam generator. A (100%) increase in the heating power will decrease the time constant by (50%). The time constant is independent of the initial water temperature. Also, it was found that the time delay to start water evaporation is directly proportional with the volume of the steam generator. A (166.667%) increase in boiler volume will increase the time delay by (166.65%). The time delay is inversely proportional with the initial water temperature and with the heating power and void fraction of the steam generator. A (38.889%) increase in the initial water temperature will decrease the time delay by (8.882%). Increasing the heating power by (100%) will decrease the time delay by (50%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will decrease the time delay by (16.665%). The time delay is independent on the operating pressure set point.Â Â
A Numerical study of Two-Phase flow through a Rectangular Duct with a Convergence Ribs
Authors: S.Al-Turaihi Riyadh. , Sahi Shareef Abbas , Abdalaimma Ali
Published: July 2019

Two-phase flow in ribbed convergent rectangular upward vertical duct was studied.Water and air were usedas materials for two-phase. Numerical studies have been performed to test the influence of increased air and water discharges on the pressure profile and pressure drop through the convergent section, as the effect of increasing the convergent angle on the pressure difference across the convergent section was studied.Water inlet discharges used were between (5-20 L/min), and air discharges were between (5.833-16.666 L/min). Two test channels with convergent angles (10 and 15 degrees) were used.Computational fluid dynamics for a three-dimensional model was simulated with ANSYS fluent 18 depending on the boundary condition and governed by equations of Eulerian multiphase flow model.The results indicated that the pressure along the test channel raises as water and air discharge rise. It was observedtoo the pressure drop increases with the increase of the convergence angle.Â Â
The Virtue Role in the Sustainability of Architecture
Authors: Jaafar Hasan Alaa , Saadoon Salman Almaamori Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Until man reaches the moderation, it must reform itself and its activities as the infrastructure of society. Since his inception on the basis of moral virtues It also help him to move towards society, thus achieving human development which in turn achieves sustainability. The research addressed virtue as an integral part of morality, from it began the teachings of religion and showed the relationship between him and his environment Based on the concept of moderation to achieve sustainability.the Search attempt to discuss the absence clear imagination of virtue concept and its role in architecture sustainability, so The research aims to clarity the role of the concept of virtue in the permanence of the architecture and its survival on the assumption that virtue has a role in the sustainability of architecture. To achieve this aim the research used Inductive methodology (descriptive, analytical) through election samples and Test, finally Take virtue into consideration in the design process Contributes to the sustainability of the building Conversely in the event of negligence, it may lead to outbreaks of vices and the factors of violence and theft that cause the abandonment of the building is The most important results.Â Â Â
A Heuristic Local Search Algorithm for Improving Cluster and Routing Stability in Sensor Networks
Authors: Manoharan L. , Ezil Sam Leni A.
Published: July 2019

Route selection using optimal nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a prominent task to improve network performance without deterioration. Intrinsic characteristics of the node, network traffic are some of the reason where routing algorithms fail to prove their consistency. In such cases, the conventional routing schemes must be equipped with additional network management features to retain network performance. This manuscript proposes a Heuristic Local Search (HLS) algorithm for improving routing efficiency of WSN. This search algorithm is backboned by clustering process; the cluster head is elected by satisfying balanced network metrics: energy and distance. Congestion preventive routing considers the same objective function in selecting an outside intermediate node that mitigates packet loss due to congestion. Implication of similar objective function under different constraints streamlines routing and prolongs the operation period of the cluster head. The process of the proposed HLS is evaluated using extensive simulation for the metrics: throughput, network lifetime, cluster head changes, energy utilization and packet loss ratio.Â  Â Â Â
Numerical and Experimental Study the Effect of Solid Particles Flow on Heat Pipe Performance
Authors: Hassan Al-Ghazali Hafidh , Wahhab Aljibory Mohammed , Habeeb Alkharasani Taher , . .
Published: July 2019

A numerical work supported by experimental results was carried out to studying of passing a hot solid particle on heat pipe performance. used Ansys fluent 18.0 as a computer program, geometry was published using design modular engaged in it. 3Dimention model with the steady state was studied to knowing the temperature distributed inside the evaporator and condenser part domain, more clearly to particle behavior and streamline 2Dimention model with transient was studied also. Depended on particle of 105µm diameter and experimental measuring properties set with height range (2.5 to 5) cm inside evaporator part from box, velocity with range (0.8739 to 1.377) m/s was take in consideration, the result shown enhancement in Nusselt number by (58) % when the  velocity 1.377 m/s and particle bed height 5 cm compared with the first state, pressure drop with acceptable range was measured not exceed (42) %
Stress Analysis of Bilayer Composite Materials with Various Passion Ratio
Authors: Bhuiyan Yeasin , Salam Akanda Md. Abdus , Egab Karim , Raheem Hassan Hassan , K. Oudah Saad
Published: July 2019

Composites materials are needed because of the widely used in structures and designs. In this work, the stress analysis of two-dimensional bilayer composite materials has a different passion ratio have studied. The materials under consideration are assumed to be perfectly bonded together. Finite difference method is used for the solution of two-dimensional elastic problems. In each layer of the composite, the mechanical properties are isotropic. The results are observed that the results agree well within the acceptable limit, which also confirms the reliability of the finite difference method. Changing in Poisson’s ratio in any layer has significant effects on the results of all layers of the bilayer composite. Due to the mathematical expressions of stresses and displacements for two-dimensional elastic problems, the study of the effects of Poisson’s ratio has a significant influence.
Framework for High Utility Pattern Mining using Dynamically Generated Minimum Support ThresholdFramework for High Utility Pattern Mining using Dynamically Generated Minimum Support Threshold
Authors: B. Naik Shankar , D. Pawar Jyoti
Published: July 2019

In this paper we have proposed a framework which uses high utility itemset mining to store data stream elements in a compressed form and then detect events from the sliding window. This approach promises to reduce the memory requirements when applied to frequent pattern mining in data streams.In addition to this, a method to dynamically define the value of minimum support threshold based on data in the data stream is presented.
Smart Greenhouse Multıfactor Monıtorıng Usıng Iot
Authors: Modani Varsha , Patil Ravindra , Puri Pooja
Published: July 2019

Agriculture plays vital role in the development of agricultural country. Agriculture supports directly or indirectly the economic growth of the country. The biggest thing that holds back the development in the agricultural productivity and efficiency is manual interventions. Agriculture put lots of emphasis on human care in detection and control of different factors such as environment which leads to wastage of manpower and also the desired results are not achieved due to human monitoring error. Greenhouse agriculture in large extent is in urgent need to control the environment factors which give optimum growth of plants. With internet era, proposed work is an integration of greenhouse with IoT. In proposed work Intel Galileo Gen 2 board is used to monitor and control environmental factors for greenhouse like temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity. The user gets updated constantly about the condition of the greenhouse factors using IoT technology. To transmit the data over internet ESP8266Wi-Fi module is used. The experimental results are displayed on ThingSpeak cloud platform. This system avoids the use of dedicated server PC, with the help of internet connectivity user can access the data from anywhere at any time.
Survey on Privacy Preservation in Big Data for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Anirudh K Mangore , M Roberts Masillamani Dr.
Published: July 2019

This paper represents the prototype of  health monitoring system using Big Data. this brings several Advantage  to the healthcare industry by way of providing timely patient care services, proactive disease detection, real-time monitoring among others. The major challenge faced by healthcare providers on safeguarding the confidentiality of patients’ data.if confidentiality is not well maintained, people may be unable to share their data. Because security has been investigated as a new dimension, “veracity,” in big data, we aim to exploit new challenges of big data in terms of security and devote our attention toward efficient and privacy-preserving computing in the big data era. Specifically, we primary formalize the basic architecture of big data analytics, identify the corresponding privacy requirements, and introduce an efficient and privacy Triple DES as an example in response to data mining’s efficiency and privacy requirements in the big data era. The results of this research exhibit that the proposed system has better secured database access and maintain privacy for all patient data than the traditional database.
An Empirical Evaluation of various Discrimination Measures for Discrimination Prevention
Authors: Manoj Ashok Wakchaure Mr. , Dr.S.S.Sane Prof .
Published: July 2019

Discrimination prevention in Data mining has been studied by researchers. Several methods have been devised to take care of both direct and indirect discrimination prevention. In order to prevent discrimination, each of these methods tries to minimize the impact of discriminating attributes by modifying certain discriminating rules. The discriminating rules are identified using certain threshold and discrimination measure such as elift for direct discrimination and elb for indirect discrimination. Performance of these methods are measured and compared in terms discrimination removal using DDPD, DDPP for direct discrimination and IDPD, IDPP for indirect discrimination as well as resultant data quality using MC and GC for both kinds of discrimination.This paper deals with study of use of discrimination measures other than elift such as slift, clift and olift. The empirical evaluation presented here shows that slift provides best overall performance.
A Novel Approach for Building Adaptive Components using Top-Down Analysis
Authors: Korra Sampath , Vasumathi D. , Vinaybabu A.
Published: July 2019

Developing reusable components are one of the main objectives of component-based software engineering. They play a crucial role in the field of application development and support. CBSE use certain architectural patterns and infrastructures of standard software to increase overall product quality. CBSE apply two parallel engineering activities, domain engineering and component-based development (CBD). Domain analysis explores the application domain with the intent of finding functional, behavioural, and data components that are candidates for reuse and places them in the reuse repository. Strategies for developing adaptive reusable components using top-down domain analysis leads to good quality in the component. Domain analysis promotes strategies and models that have been developed for their specific areas. Therefore, these models are suitable for their own domain, but may not be entirely suitable for domain analysis of other domains. So, developing the reusable components using the top down domain analyses existing components. This paper describes how to build a domain to use top-down analysis of reusable software components.
Study of Different Features and Classification Techniques for Recognition of Handwritten Devanagari Text
Authors: Vijay Vijay , U Kharat M , V Gumaste S
Published: July 2019

Devanagari script is most popular and an older script in India. Millions of people all over the globe are using Devanagri script for various purposes such as communication, understanding the history, record keeping, research, etc.  Recognition of handwritten Devanagari word is one of the popular area of research from decades because of its wide scope of applications. Different features and techniques of classification are the most important steps in the process of recognizing Devanagari handwritten word, are described in this paper.
Face Detection and Processing: a Survey
Authors: P.Dahake R. , U. Kharat M.
Published: July 2019

In the recent era facial image processing is gaining more importance and the face detection from image or from video have  number of applications  which are video surveillance, entertainment, security, multimedia, communication, Ubiquitous computing etc. Various research work are carried out for  face detection and processing which includes detection, tracking of the face, estimation of pose, clustering the detected faces etc. Although significant advances have been made, the performance of face detection systems provide satisfactory under controlled environment & may get degraded with some challenging scenario such as in real time video face detection and processing. There are many real-time applications where human face serves as identity and these application are time bound so time for detection of face from image or video and the further processing is very essential, thus here our goal is to discuss the face detection system overview and to review various human skin colors based approaches and Haar feature based approach for better detection performance. Detected faces tagging and clustering is essential in some cases, so for such further processing time factor plays important role. Some of the recent approaches to improve detection speed such as using Graphical Processing Unit are discussed and providing future directions in this area.
Impact of Pre-and Post-Equalization on the Performance of PNC
Authors: Ghanti Basanti , R Patil Rajendra
Published: July 2019

The work presented considers a Physical Layer Network Coded (PNC) communication which is affected by Intersymbol Interference (ISI) due to Rayleigh fading channel. A pre-equalizer filter configured to combat the ISI is considered at the end nodes. The relay uses the Amplify and Forward (AF) strategy. The signal in the Multiple Access (MAC) phase is amplified at the relay and forwarded to the receiving nodes. The signal received by the end nodes in the broadcast (BC) phase is subjected to post-equalization by a receiver filter configured to overcome ISI. The performance of the PNC with only pre-equalizer applied, only post-equalization applied and the combined effect of pre-equalizer and post-equalizer is simulated .Simulation results indicate that the performance of PNC when only pre-equalizer applied , only post-equalization is applied are not much varying but better than the no equalization case. But the combined effect of pre-and post-equalization is much improved.
Hybrid DWT-DCT compression algorithm & a new flipping block with an adaptive RLE method for high medical image compression ratio
Authors: Rafea S. , N. H. Salman Dr.
Published: July 2019

Huge number of medical images are generated and needs for more storage capacity and bandwidth for transferring over the networks. Hybrid DWT-DCT compression algorithm is applied to compress the medical images by exploiting the features of both techniques. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) coding is applied to image YCbCr color model which decompose image bands into four subbands (LL, HL, LH and HH). The LL subband is transformed into low and high frequency components using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to be quantize by scalar quantization that was applied on all image bands, the quantization parameters where reduced by half for the luminance band while it is the same for the chrominance bands to preserve the image quality, the zigzag scan is applied on the quantized coefficients and the output are encoded using DPCM, shift optimizer and shift coding for DC while adaptive RLE, shift optimizer then shift coding applied for AC, the other subbands; LH, HL and HH are compressed using the scalar quantization, Quadtree and shift optimizer then shift coding. In this paper, a new flipping block with an adaptive RLE is proposed and applied for image enhancement. After applying DCT system and scalar quantization, huge number of zeros produced with less number of other values, so an adaptive RLE is used to encode this RUN of zeros which results with more compression.Standard medical images are selected to be used as testing image materials such as CT-Scan, X-Ray, MRI these images are specially used for researches as a testing samples. The results showed high compression ratio with high quality reconstructed images
Design and Simulation of MEMS Moisture Sensor Using COMSOL Multiphysics Software
Authors: Nazrin Ismail Muhamad , Yusoff Noriah , Hayati Saad Nor , Abd Rashid Amirul
Published: July 2019

Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is a hybrid technology that combines electronic, electric and mechanical technology in a micron-size system. This allowed for higher performance and multifunction devices fabricated at much lighter weight and cost effective. One of the major application of MEMS is in sensor devices area. This paper highlight the simulation study of a typical moisture sensor fabricated from Tungsten Interdigitated (IDE) MEMS device. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the moisture sensor was modelled based on the current material and physical dimension and layout. The model then go through validation proses to its sensitivity performance against the experimental result. Subsequently, the optimization on sensor sensitivity was carried out by varying the model parameters including the sensor physical dimension, working temperature and humidity. The simulation result suggest that the sensor sensitivity is highly correlated to the electrode distance value. The average sensitivity of the sensor improved to ~48% better when the distance between reduced to 50% from 6 micron to 3 micron tested at temperature between 25 ÌŠ C to 45 ÌŠ C. This information is valuable as the input to the sensor designer in finalizing the MEMS physical layout in producing highly sensitive moisture sensor devices.Â Â
Blood Flow Modeling to Improve Cardiovascular Diagnostics: Application of A GTF to Predict Central Aortic Pressure using a 1-D Model
Authors: T. Butt A. , A. Abakr Y. , B. Mustapha K.
Published: July 2019

This study aims to demonstrate that a comprehensive one-dimensional model of the arterial network can be used in conjunction with the generalized transfer function (GTF) technique to estimate central aortic pressure using pressure waveforms obtained from peripheral sites. The peripheral and central pressure waveforms for a healthy subject are used to estimate transfer functions, which are then used to reconstruct central aortic pressure waveforms for a second model that simulates arterial stiffening. The similarities between the simulated aortic waveform and the waveforms estimated using the transfer function are and Â  from the brachial, carotid and iliac arteries, respectively. The root-mean-square errors (RMSE) for the reconstructed waveforms from the brachial, carotid and iliac arteries are and Â mmHg, respectively. The results from this study illustrate that the proposed method provides a feasible alternative to higher dimensional models as well as experimental studies and can greatly enhance the accuracy of central aortic pressure estimation.Â Â Â Â Â
Theoretical Bending Collapse of Hat-Section Tubes
Authors: Hashim Hafizan , Hashim Hanita , Affendi Jamal Arif , A.M. Jusoh M.
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an attempt to modify an existing theoretical model to predict the bending collapse response of hat-section tubular structures. The analytical collapse model was based on Kim and Reid. Additional hinge lines created during deformation of the tube were examined and integrated with existing model to forming a modified analytical solution. Variation of the hinge moments were solved using limit analysis technique. Procedure for developing the finite element (FE) models of tube specimens was also presented. Moment-rotation characteristics from pure bending simulation were compared with analytical model and good agreement was achieved. The average of differences between simulation and calculation were found to be <5% within plastic region. In conclusion, the modified analytical solution has adequate capability to predict the moment-rotation relationship of hat-section tubes subject to pure bending..Â
Experimental Investigations on the Performance of a Single Slope Solar Still Coupled with Shallow Solar Pond under Malaysian Conditions
Authors: Z. A. Kamarulbaharin , M.A Safie , A.M Azmi , B.S.B Singh
Published: July 2019

Water is important to life. Deprived of water, humans can only survive for a few days. Oceans offer unlimited supply of water but it could not be ingested by humans on account of its high salt content. Desalination using fossil fuels as an energy source is expensive and may harm the environment. On the other hand, solar energy which is renewable and environmentally friendly can be used as a cheaper alternative. This paper aims to investigate the performance of a single slope solar still coupled with shallow solar pond of different design parameters under Malaysian conditions. Results showed that the performance of stills coupled with shallow solar pond is better than the ones without. The active still with the steepest condenser tilt angle (20o) yielded the highest productivity of 119 ml of water as compared to the 3o tilt angle passive still (8.5 ml).
Numerical Analysis of SiO2 Nanofluid Performance in Serpentine PEMFC Cooling Plate
Authors: Azlin Zakaria Irnie , Ahmad Najmi Wan Mohamed Wan , Azmi Wan Hamzah Wan
Published: July 2019

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is among the potential substitute to current conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) in the automotive sector due to its efficient conversion efficiency and environmental friendly. However, thermal management issues in PEMFC needs to be addressed as excessive heat in PEMFC can deteriorate its performance as well as causing dehydration to the membrane. In this study, an advanced coolant of SiO2 nanofluids was numerically studied and effect in term of the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior in a single PEMFC cooling plate is investigated.  The study simulated SiO2 nanofluids in a serpentine PEMFC cooling plate. The simulation is conducted at a low volume concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 % of SiO2 in water and water: Ethylene Glycol (W:EG) of 60:40 as base fluids. In this serpentine cooling plate design of PEMFC, a constant heat flux is applied to mimic the actual application of PEMFC. Upon completion of the study, heat transfer and fluid flow shows that the heat transfer coefficient of 0.5 vol. % of SiO2 nanofluids has improved by 3.5 % at Reynold (Re) number of 400 as compared to the base fluid of water with an acceptable pumping power increment.
Modeling Analysis of Guided Ultrasonic Waves in Composite Plates with Impact Damage
Authors: Asyikin Ibrahim Noorfaten , Intan Suraya Murat Bibi
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the propagation of guided ultrasonic waves and the interaction with impact damage in composite plates using a full three-dimensional Finite Element analysis. Impact damage in the composite plate was modeled as rectangular- and T-shaped delaminations. In order to provide guidelines for extending the modeling of realistic multimode impact damage, the impact damage was modeled as a combination of the delamination and reduced materials properties. The information obtained from these methods was compared to the experimental results around the damage area for a validation. There was a reasonable similarity between the experimental and FE results. The FE simulations can effectively model the scattering characteristics of the A0 mode wave propagation in anisotropic composite plates. This suggests that the simplified and easy-to-implement FE model could be used to represent the complex impact damage in composite plates. This could be useful for the improvement of the FE modeling and performance of guided wave methods for the in-situ NDE of large composite structures.
Dynamic Stress Analysis of Skin (Bovine) and Synthetic Skin (Silicone) under Low Impact Loading : a Review and Framework
Authors: Adam Mohd Adnan Zurri , Mahmud Jamaluddin , Azman Yahaya Mohd
Published: July 2019

Skin performs multiple important functions for our body and that might be the main reason for it complex structure and unique mechanical behaviour. There have been a lot of studies about skin mechanical behaviour but skin deformation behaviour and its dynamic stress under low impact loading is still not well understood. This paper aims to review past research related to skin investigation, which ultimately leads to proposing a research framework in determining the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading. In the first stage, the literatures related to skin substitutes and skin hyperelastic properties were reviewed, summarised and reported. The past research related to numerical analysis using hyperelastic constitutive models such as Neo-Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden model to quantify skin mechanical behaviour were discussed. Next, the literatures related to determining dynamic stress as well as the specimen specification were reviewed and reported. Finally, based on these reviews, a research framework to determine the dynamic stress of skin and synthetic skin under low impact loading is proposed. The information provided in this paper could contribute significant fundamental knowledge about skin behaviour and the preparation to perform experiments in understanding the dynamic stress of skin under low impact loading.
The Synthesis of Agar Silicone Biocomposite and Its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Nadiah Azmi Nurul , Mahmud Jamaluddin , Juzaila Abd Latif Mohd
Published: July 2019

Silicone rubber is widely used in the medical field, whereas agar is widely used as a medium to breed bacteria or to carry the active ingredient for a specific purpose. There are few synthetic skins available in the market that are made of silicone, such as Biobrane, Integra and Transcyte, to name a few. Meanwhile, in a previous study, agar is used to carry the active ingredients in turmeric to the wounded skin and expedite its recovery. However, up to date, there is no available skin substitute with the ability for carrying bioactive ingredient that would expedite wound healing and anti-bacterial properties. Hence, this study aims to synthesise a new biocomposite that could mimic skin mechanical properties with the future potential to carry bioactive ingredient via agar particles. The material constants for this newly developed agar slicone biocomposite are determined using Neo- Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models. This research consists of two main stages; which is the synthesis and the determination of the mechanical properties of agar silicone biocomposite, via experimental and numerical approach. The experimental approach involves testing the biocomposite under uniaxial tensile test, while the numerical approach involves curve fitting method using a Matlab programme. The calculated parameter for Neo-Hookean (C1) ranges from 52-57 kPa for all variances of agar silicone biocomposite. As for Mooney-Rivlin, the values are of 34-38 kPa and 47- 54 kPa for C1 and C2 re spectively. Ogden parameters (Ogden coefficient, µ and Ogden exponent, α) for agar silicone biocomposites are 48-54 kPa; 2.17-2.19 (µ;α). The material constants of agar silicone biocomposites lays within the range of human tissue and skin, as well as animal skin; thus proving that agar silicone biocomposite could deform nearly the same as skin. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study has significant contribution to better understand the mechanical properties of the newly developed agar silicone biocomposite.
Screw-Bone Implant Loosening: Complication, Cause and Assessment
Authors: A Ghani M. , K. Ali Hassan M. , Daud R.
Published: July 2019

Bone fracture has become more common in this era of vehicular modernization. Internal fixation has been used in the treatment of such cases. The use of screw and plate in internal fixation has been proven to provide more stability to fracture to promote better healing. The use of screw also carries certain risk such as self-loosening that can cause non-union and prolong healing. The complication of self-loosening is studied to comprehend the danger of self-loosening in screw-bone implant. The review on self-loosening in bolted joint is done in this paper to gain better understanding on the nature of self-loosening phenomena. The factor that affects the screw self-loosening in bone is further studied in the screw-bone implant environment. The identification of the screw loosening can be done with radiography, CT scan, MRI and ultrasound. This article have done a brief review on the complication of screw self-loosening, the cause of screw loosening in bolted joint and screw-bone implant and the assessment of screw loosening done by ultrasound and radiography.