bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identify Ecological Corridors and Build Potential Ecological Networks in Response to Recent Land Cover Changes in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Song Wei
Published: October 2020

Using Linkage Mapper corridor simulation software, which is based on minimum cost distance, we identify ecological corridors and build potential ecological networks in response to recent land cover changes in Xinjiang, China. Based on the analysis of land use/cover changes, the change of landscape pattern index is also calculated. The results show that: (1) During the year 2000–2015, cultivated land and built-up areas of Xinjiang showed an increasing trend. Due to urbanization, Xinjiang’s landscape connectivity is getting worse, and the landscape is becoming more and more fragmented and isolated. (2) We have constructed 296 ecological corridors, with a total length of 2.71 × 104 km and an average corridor length of 90.98 km. A total of 145 ecological source patches and 500 ecological nodes were connected by 296 ecological corridors. (3) The ecological corridor of Xinjiang presents the characteristics of “dense-north and sparse-south” in space. The areas with dense distribution of ecological corridors mainly include Urumqi, Changji, Turpan, Tacheng, Kizilsu Kirgiz, Karamay, and Yining, and the Taklimakan desert fringe. The sparse distribution is mainly in the whole Taklimakan desert.
Energy Generation Performance of Window-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Color and Transmittance
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyang , Han Seung-Hoon
Published: October 2020

Previous research has shown Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) to have excellent applicability for building exterior materials and windows, because they can be controlled in terms of Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) and color, and thus have good variability. However, windows with solar cells may not show ideal energy generation efficiency. This depends on a variety of factors, such as window composition, shadow, and light scattering. In this paper, through mock-up tests, the energy generation of DSSCs with various transmittances and colors was measured. Red, Green, and Blue (RGB)-based DSSCs of 7, 10, and 20% VLT were used, and Pmax values were measured for solar radiation for comparison. As a result of the comparison, performance estimates were made for each color and VLT when used as a window. In this study, the electrical energy generated by DSSCs was measured in an environment applied to a real window, not a virtual environment. Therefore, the study is meaningful, in that data that can estimate performance when applying various types of DSSCs in a real-world window environment were created.
Towards a Global Perspective of Environmental Health: Defining the Research Grounds of an Institute of Environmental Health
Authors: Virgolino Ana , Antunes Francisco , Santos Osvaldo , Costa Andreia , Matos Margarida Gaspar de , Bárbara Cristina , Bicho Manuel , Caneiras Cátia , Sabino Raquel , Núncio Maria Sofia , Matos Olga , Santos Ricardo R. , Costa Joana , Alarcão Violeta , Gaspar Tânia , Ferreira Joana , Carneiro António Vaz
Published: October 2020

Environmental health is at the intersection between health and the environment. However, it still has a recent (and narrow) history as a scientific area, mainly addressing human biomonitoring and toxicological issues. Only recently additional environmental ‘layers’, other than the traditional chemical, biological and physical environmental determinants, have been considered. This broader perspective of environmental health also encompasses digital, psychosocial, political, socioeconomic and cultural determinants, all of them relevant when considering human health from a planetary health paradigm. This reflects the progressive adoption of a systemic perspective regarding the impact of gains for human health and well-being towards a sustainable environment. It also implies a multi-method and participatory approach to understand the intertwined relationship between environmental changes and human health. In this paper, the broader approach to environmental health is discussed in order to ‘set the stage’ for introducing the Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB) of the Lisbon School of Medicine, Portugal. Each of the research groups and labs that compose ISAMB are presented, as well as their main lines of research. Present and planned contributions of ISAMB to advance knowledge on environmental health and for promoting human health gains in an environmentally sustainable way are also discussed.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Resilience to COVID-19 Crisis: An Empirical Study of Chinese Firms
Authors: Huang Wenchuan , Chen Shouming , Nguyen Luu Thi
Published: October 2020

Resilience captures firm capability to adjust to and recover from unexpected shocks in the environment. Being latent and path-dependent, the manifestation of organizational resilience is hard to be directly measured. This article assesses organizational resilience of firms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with pre-shock corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as a predictor that positively influences the level of organizational resilience to the external shock caused by the pandemic. We develop three theoretical mechanisms based on stakeholder theory, resource-based theory, reputation perspective and means-end chain theory to explain how CSR fulfillment in the past could help firms maintain stability to adapt to and react flexibly to recover from the crisis. We examine the relationship in the context of the systemic shock caused by COVID-19, using a sample of 1597 listed firms in China during the time window from 20 January 2020 to 10 June 2020. We find that companies with higher CSR performance before the shock will experience fewer losses and will take a shorter time to recover from the attack.
Understanding Online Consumer Behavior and eWOM Strategies for Sustainable Business Management in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Reyes-Menendez Ana , Correia Marisol B. , Matos Nelson , Adap Charlene
Published: October 2020

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has been widely used by most consumers on different digital platforms. This review aimed to obtain further insights into online consumer behavior through social networking sites and online reviews sites to help tourism businesses develop sustainable eWOM strategies. To this end, an exploratory study was developed to analyze available literature on eWOM strategies and online consumer behavior. The systematic literature review analysis focused on the following two main topics: (i) tourism and (ii) eWOM. The scientific database, Web of Science, was used to collect relevant literature on the subject. The search terms “Tourism” and “eWOM” were used. Searching the database, Web of Science, yielded a total of 124 articles; upon application of different filters, a total of 14 studies were included in the final dataset. The results of the present study provide new insights into consumer behavior for social sciences and businesses for the adoption of sustainable strategies to increase the influence of eWOM on the tourism industry.
An Approach towards Investigating Factors Affecting Intention to Book a Hotel Room through Social Media
Authors: Theocharidis Anastasios-Ioannis , Argyropoulou Maria , Karavasilis George , Vrana Vasiliki , Kehris Evangelos
Published: October 2020

Today, social media have become a major trend, and consumers are engaging more and more in the social media platforms used by hotels. This does not mean that they book a hotel room via social media, as the booking process is a complex one. The paper investigates the factors that affect users’ intention to book a hotel room using social media applications. The recent enforcement of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in California may have an impact on consumers’ behavior. To investigate this further, the study integrates into a model the following constructs: Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust in online hoteliers, social media use, and permission-based-acceptance. The survey was conducted on Greek users of social media. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. The conceptual model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The study identified four factors that directly or indirectly influence consumers’ intention to book hotel rooms through social media. Usefulness directly affects intention to book online. Permission-based acceptance plays a core role in the model. Both constructs trust in online hoteliers and social media use, and have a direct positive effect on permission-based acceptance, whereas permission-based acceptance has a direct positive influence on intention to book through social media. The validated model stretches the need for hoteliers to obtain permission from consumers in carrying out their marketing activities. It is important for hotel owners, managers, and social media specialists to keep consumers in mind, offer them useful information and services, and have a trustworthy behavior in order to boost bookings through social media.
Prediction for Overheating Risk Based on Deep Learning in a Zero Energy Building
Authors: Yuan Yue , Shim Jisoo , Lee Seungkeon , Song Doosam , Kim Joowook
Published: October 2020

The Passive House standard has become the standard for many countries in the construction of the Zero Energy Building (ZEB). Korea also adopted the standard and has achieved great success in building energy savings. However, some issues remain with ZEBs in Korea. Among them, this study aims to discuss overheating issues. Field measurements were carried out to analyze the overheating risk for a library built as a ZEB. A data-driven overheating risk prediction model was developed to analyze the overheating risk, requiring only a small amount of data and extending the analysis throughout the year. The main factors causing overheating during both the cooling season and the intermediate seasons are also analyzed in detail. The overheating frequency exceeded 60% of days in July and August, the midsummer season in Korea. Overheating also occurred during the intermediate seasons when air conditioners were off, such as in May and October in Korea. Overheating during the cooling season was caused mainly by unexpected increases in occupancy rate, while overheating in the mid-term was mainly due to an increase in solar irradiation. This is because domestic ZEB standards define the reinforcement of insulation and airtight performance, but there are no standards for solar insolation through windows or for internal heat generation. The results of this study suggest that a fixed performance standard for ZEBs that does not reflect the climate or cultural characteristics of the region in which a ZEB is built may not result in energy savings at the operational stage and may not guarantee the thermal comfort of occupants.
Advancement of Green Public Purchasing by Category: Do Municipality Green Purchasing Policies Have Any Role in Japan?
Authors: Miyamoto Takuro , Yajima Naonari , Tsukahara Takahiro , Arimura Toshi H.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to identify (1) the categories in which it is easier or more difficult for local municipalities to implement green purchasing and (2) the role and extent of green purchasing policy (GPP) in promoting green purchasing. To characterize the green purchasing potential of different categories, we examine the green purchasing rate, or the ratio of green products/services to total products/services purchased, of 21 categories of items. We employ data from a unique survey conducted by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, which provides data on green procurement in municipalities. We observe that air conditioners suffer from low green purchasing rates, whereas most municipalities purchase green products in the paper products and stationery categories. We also examine the relationship between green purchasing rates and GPPs to identify the role and extent of GPPs. Our regression analyses reveal that the presence of a GPP is associated with higher implementation and measurement rates of green purchasing. This pattern is particularly evident for the categories in which many municipalities without GPPs purchase green products but, in most cases, do not measure their green purchasing rate.
Plasma Technology and Its Relevance in Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment
Authors: Dobslaw Christine , Glocker Bernd
Published: October 2020

Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot plant scale. Exemplary applications of both non-thermal plasma and thermal plasma should underline the feasibility of scale-up to industrial application. A non-thermal plasma in modular form was built, which is designed for up to 1000 m³∙h−1 and was successfully practically tested in combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP), mineral adsorber and bio-scrubber for abatement of volatile organic components (VOCs), odorous substances and germs. Thermal plasmas are usually arc-heated plasmas, which are operated with different plasma gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon or air. In recent years steam plasmas were gradually established, adding liquid water as plasma gas. In the present system the plasma was directly operated with steam generated externally. Further progress of development of this system was described and critically evaluated towards performance data of an already commercially used water film-based system. Degradation rates of CF4 contaminated air of up to 100% where achieved in industrial scale.
Prediction of Coding Intricacy in a Software Engineering Team through Machine Learning to Ensure Cooperative Learning and Sustainable Education
Authors: Naseer Mehwish , Zhang Wu , Zhu Wenhao
Published: October 2020

Coding deliverables are vital part of the software project. Teams are formed to develop a software project in a term. The performance of the team for each milestone results in the success or failure of the project. Coding intricacy is a major issue faced by students as coding is believed to be a complex field demanding skill and practice. Future education demands a smart environment for understanding students. Prediction of the coding intricacy level in teams can assist in cultivating a cooperative educational environment for sustainable education. This study proposed a boosting-based approach of a random forest (RF) algorithm of machine learning (ML) for predicting the coding intricacy level among software engineering teams. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with viable ML algorithms to evaluate its excellence. Results revealed promising results for the prediction of coding intricacy by boosting the RF algorithm as compared to bagging, J48, sequential minimal optimization (SMO), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and Naïve Bayes (NB). Logistic regression-based boosting (LogitBoost) and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) are outperforming with 85.14% accuracy of prediction. The concerns leading towards high coding intricacy level can be resolved by discussing with peers and instructors. The proposed approach can ensure a responsible attitude among software engineering teams and drive towards fulfilling the goals of education for sustainable development by optimizing the learning environment.
COVID-19: Risk Factors and Protective Role of Resilience and Coping Strategies for Emergency Stress and Secondary Trauma in Medical Staff and Emergency Workers—An Online-Based Inquiry
Authors: Maiorano Tiziana , Vagni Monia , Giostra Valeria , Pajardi Daniela
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 crisis has placed a heavy burden on medical staff and emergency workers, who may be at risk of developing psychological distress and secondary trauma. Coping and resilience to stress during a pandemic are protective factors that can mitigate the potential adverse psychological effects. Here, we investigated the direct and mediated effects of coping strategies and hardiness on secondary trauma among Italian medical staff (physicians and nurses, n = 140) and emergency workers (firefighters, civil protection, and ambulance personnel, n = 100) involved in the first phase of the pandemic. For this purpose, we collected data from participants through online questionnaires to measure emergency stress, coping strategies, hardiness, and secondary trauma. Other variables analyzed were age, sex, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). We performed a correlational analysis, regressions, and a mediation analysis. The results show that nurses and physicians experienced higher levels of emergency stress than emergency workers. Direct contact with COVID-19 patients, female sex, unexpected events, and lack of PPE were risk factors for emergency stress, while resilience and coping strategies played a protective role. Mediation analysis shows that coping strategies and hardiness are protective factors and reduce the effect of stress on secondary trauma.
Funding Pandemic Prevention: Proposal for a Meat and Wild Animal Tax
Authors: Larnder-Besner Morgane , Tremblay-Gravel Julien , Christians Allison
Published: October 2020

Market prices fail to properly account for the risk of zoonotic diseases associated with animal agriculture and cross-border trade in domesticated and wild animal products, the magnitude of which is demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Corrective measures are required to internalize the cost of pandemics. Communicable disease prevention and mitigation is a global public good and contributions to its production should be made at the international level. To compel states to pay for costs resulting from domestic consumption patterns that are externalized to other countries, this paper proposes a global contribution regime based on state consumption of animal products. We lay out the technical aspects of a cost-internalizing tax that could accomplish this goal and demonstrate its feasibility in light of existing trade law constraints. The paper concludes that the proposed cost-internalizing tax would be an appropriate method to deter pandemic risk-inducing activities and fund zoonotic disease outbreak prevention and pandemic response.
Organizations with Impact? A Study on Italian Benefit Corporations Reporting Practices and Reporting Quality
Authors: Mion Giorgio
Published: October 2020

Benefit Corporations (BCs) were introduced in Italy by Law 28-12-2015 N. 208 based on the previous experience of the USA. BCs are hybrid organizations with a blended economic and social/environmental purpose and aim to generate a positive impact on employees, environment, communities, and other stakeholders in addition to profit-making. For BCs, accountability is crucial to achieve social legitimacy and to prove their positive impact on society. Italian BCs are obliged to prepare and publish a yearly impact report. The present research aimed to explore the impact reporting practices of Italian BCs and to evaluate the quality of the published reports. 47 impact reports were collected from 192 websites, and a qualitative content analysis was performed on these reports. Furthermore, an evaluation instrument was built to measure impact reporting quality and to understand which determinants affected the reporting quality. The study allowed understanding that impact reporting practice was at a very early stage of evolution. Furthermore, the analysis focused on the importance of an external standard for promoting reporting quality. The findings of the study contributed to the existing literature on BCs and on reporting quality and allowed some practical implications for managers, policymakers, and standard setters.
Spin and Polarization in High-Energy Hadron-Hadron and Lepton-Hadron Scattering
Authors: Jenkovszky László
Published: October 2020

The role of spin degrees of freedom in high-energy hadron-hadron and lepton-hadron scattering is reviewed with emphasis on the dominant role of soft, diffractive, non-perturbative effects. Explicit models based on analyticity and Regge-pole theory, including the pomeron trajectory (gluon exchange in the t channel) are discussed. We argue that there is a single, universal pomeron in Nature, manifest as relatively “soft” or “hard”, depending on the kinematics considered. Both the pomeron and the non-leading (secondary) Regge trajectories, made of quarks are non-linear, complex functions. They are populated by a finite number of resonances: known baryons and mesons in case of the reggeons and hypothetical glueballs in case of the pomeron (“oddballs” on the odderon trajectory). Explicit models and fits are presented that may be used in recovering generalized parton distributions from deeply virtual Compton scattering and electoproduction of vector mesons.
Generation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Imai Yoshitane
Published: October 2020

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has attracted significant attention in the fields of chiral photonic science and optoelectronic materials science. In a CPL-emitting system, a chiral luminophore derived from chiral molecules is usually essential. In this review, three non-classical CPL (NC-CPL) systems that do not use enantiomerically pure molecules are reported: (i) supramolecular organic luminophores composed of achiral organic molecules that can emit CPL without the use of any chiral auxiliaries, (ii) achiral or racemic luminophores that can emit magnetic CPL (MCPL) by applying an external magnetic field of 1.6 T, and (iii) circular dichroism-silent organic luminophores that can emit CPL in the photoexcited state as a cryptochiral CPL system.
Segmentation of Lung Nodules Using Improved 3D-UNet Neural Network
Authors: Xiao Zhitao , Liu Bowen , Geng Lei , Zhang Fang , Liu Yanbei
Published: October 2020

Lung cancer has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. Lung nodules are an early indicator of lung cancer. Therefore, accurate detection and image segmentation of lung nodules is of great significance to the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This paper proposes a CT (Computed Tomography) image lung nodule segmentation method based on 3D-UNet and Res2Net, and establishes a new convolutional neural network called 3D-Res2UNet. 3D-Res2Net has a symmetrical hierarchical connection network with strong multi-scale feature extraction capabilities. It enables the network to express multi-scale features with a finer granularity, while increasing the receptive field of each layer of the network. This structure solves the deep level problem. The network is not prone to gradient disappearance and gradient explosion problems, which improves the accuracy of detection and segmentation. The U-shaped network ensures the size of the feature map while effectively repairing the lost features. The method in this paper was tested on the LUNA16 public dataset, where the dice coefficient index reached 95.30% and the recall rate reached 99.1%, indicating that this method has good performance in lung nodule image segmentation.
Breaking Symmetry: Fluctuating Asymmetry and Geometric Morphometrics as Tools for Evaluating Developmental Instability under Diverse Agroecosystems
Authors: Benítez Hugo , Lemic Darija , Villalobos-Leiva Amado , Bažok Renata , Órdenes-Claveria Rodrigo , Pajač Živković Ivana , Mikac Katarina
Published: October 2020

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), in contrast with other asymmetries, is the bilateral asymmetry that represents small, random developmental differences between right and left sides. After nearly a century of using traditional morphometrics in the estimation of FA, geometric morphometrics (GM) now provides new insights into the use of FA as a tool, especially for assessing environmental and developmental stress. Thus, it will be possible to assess adaptation to various environmental stressors as particular triggers for unavoidable selection pressures. In this review, we describe measures of FA that use geometric morphometrics, and we include a flow chart of the methodology. We also describe how this combination (GM + FA) has been tested in several agroecosystems. Nutritional stress, temperature, chemical pollution, and population density are known stressors experienced by populations in agroecosystems.
Beauvericin and Enniatins: In Vitro Intestinal Effects
Authors: Bertero Alessia , Fossati Paola , Tedesco Doriana Eurosia Angela , Caloni Francesca
Published: October 2020

Food and feed contamination by emerging mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins is a worldwide health problem and a matter of great concern nowadays, and data on their toxicological behavior are still scarce. As ingestion is the major route of exposure to mycotoxins in food and feed, the gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier encountered by these natural contaminants and the first structure that could be affected by their potential detrimental effects. In order to perform a complete and reliable toxicological evaluation, this fundamental site cannot be disregarded. Several in vitro intestinal models able to recreate the different traits of the intestinal environment have been applied to investigate the various aspects related to the intestinal toxicity of emerging mycotoxins. This review aims to depict an overall and comprehensive representation of the in vitro intestinal effects of beauvericin and enniatins in humans from a species-specific perspective. Moreover, information on the occurrence in food and feed and notions on the regulatory aspects will be provided.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Narcolepsy-Associated Pandemic 2009 Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Ambati Aditya , Luo Guo , Pradhan Elora , Louis Jacob , Lin Ling , Leib Ryan D. , Ollila Hanna Maria , Poiret Thomas , Adams Christopher , Mignot Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

The onset of narcolepsy, an irreversible sleep disorder, has been associated with 2009 influenza pandemic (pH1N1) infections in China, and with ASO3-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccinations using Pandemrix in Europe. Intriguingly, however, the increased incidence was only observed following vaccination with Pandemrix but not Arepanrix in Canada. In this study, the mutational burden of actual vaccine lots of Pandemrix (n = 6) and Arepanrix (n = 5) sourced from Canada, and Northern Europe were characterized by mass spectrometry. The four most abundant influenza proteins across both vaccines were nucleoprotein NP, hemagglutinin HA, matrix protein M1, with the exception that Pandemrix harbored a significantly increased proportion of neuraminidase NA (7.5%) as compared to Arepanrix (2.6%). Most significantly, 17 motifs in HA, NP, and M1 harbored mutations, which significantly differed in Pandemrix versus Arepanrix. Among these, a 6-fold higher deamidation of HA146 (p.Asn146Asp) in Arepanrix was found relative to Pandemrix, while NP257 (p.Thr257Ala) and NP424 (p.Thr424Ile) were increased in Pandemrix. DQ0602 binding and tetramer analysis with mutated epitopes were conducted in Pandemrix-vaccinated cases versus controls but were unremarkable. Pandemrix harbored lower mutational burden than Arepanrix, indicating higher similarity to wild-type 2009 pH1N1, which could explain differences in narcolepsy susceptibility amongst the vaccines.
Screening and Distribution of Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Regulated Organic Pollutants in the Heavily Modified Guadalhorce River Basin, Southern Spain
Authors: Llamas Marta , Vadillo-Pérez Iñaki , Candela Lucila , Jiménez-Gavilán Pablo , Corada-Fernández Carmen , Castro-Gámez Antonio F.
Published: October 2020

Emerging pollutants have aroused an increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and harmful potential. Both emerging (e.g., pharmaceuticals and personal care products) and regulated organic pollutants pose a serious threat to water quality and their presence and spatial distribution are complicated to address as they can derive from several factors: distribution of point and diffuse sources, environmental conditions, hydrogeological features of the region and inherent properties of the considered contaminants. In this study, a ground and surface water monitoring campaign was conducted in the three main detritic groundwater bodies of an extensive and heavily modified river basin in order to draft an initial description of the occurrence and distribution of a wide range of organic contaminants. In total, 63 out of 185 target pollutants were detected. An attempt to understand the importance of different factors governing the distribution of some of the most frequently found pollutants was made. Antibiotics spatial distribution is potentially influenced by the hydrogeological functioning of the basin modified by hydraulic infrastructures (reflected by hydrochemistry and environmental tracers δ2H and δ18O), not directly related to the distribution of potential sources. The presence of other organic pollutants does not reflect an evident correlation with flow pathways. Differences in contaminant occurrence are potentially attributed to the way pollutants are released into the environment as well as physico-chemical properties.
The Effect of Best Crop Practices in the Pig and Poultry Production on Water Productivity in a Southern Brazilian Watershed
Authors: Carra Sofia Helena Zanella , Palhares Julio Cesar Pascale , Drastig Katrin , Schneider Vania Elisabete
Published: October 2020

This study analyzes the relation between Brazilian broiler and pig production and water productivity using recently developed reference guidelines on water footprinting for livestock production systems and supply chains. Different rainfed crop arrangements, in different scenarios and producer regions in Brazil, were assessed. Water productivity of broiler feed consumption ranged from 0.63 to 1.38 kg per m3 water input to rainfed summer maize (safra) and from 1.20 to 2.21 kg per m3 water input to winter maize (safrinha) while it ranged from 0.28 to 0.95 kg per m3 water input to rainfed soy. For pig feed consumption, rainfed maize ranged from 0.68 to 1.49 kg per m3 water input (safra) and from 1.30 to 2.38 kg per m3 water input (safrinha) while it ranged from 0.30 to 1.03 kg per m3 water input to rainfed soy. A potential amount of water saving of 0.0336 km3 year−1 and 0.0202 km3 year−1 could be attained for producing broiler and pig feed, respectively, depending on the crop rotation and producer region. The results showed that the evapotranspiration of animal feed production represents more than 99% of the total water consumption for broiler and pig production in the study area. The implementation of best crop practices resulted in higher water productivity values of chicken and pork meat and also improved the rainfall water-saving in comparison to conventional agriculture. Hence, the water productivity of the animal production chain in tropical regions demands a close relation to agriculture in order to attain a better understanding and improvement of rainfall water productivity for animal feed production.
Groundwater Quality Assessment of a Multi-Layered Aquifer in a Desert Environment: A Case Study in Wadi ad-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Masoud Alaa A. , Aldosari Ali A.
Published: October 2020

Sustainable management of groundwater in desert environments dictates better knowledge of the quality status and the controlling processes. To this end, an integrated analysis of hydrochemical and statistical assessment was carried out for 692 groundwater samples collected from the multi-layered aquifer system in Wadi ad-Dawasir area (Saudi Arabia). The four water-bearing formations arranged upwards, namely Lower Wajid, Upper Wajid, Khuff-Kumdah, and Quaternary, were investigated. The prime objective was to delineate the baseline conditions and the dominant process controlling the groundwater evolution that can help make resource management better. We used fifteen indicators, namely the total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness, Eh, pH, temperature °C, turbidity, Fe2+, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4, HCO3−, NO3−, F, NO2−, PO42−, and SiO2. Descriptive statistics, violation of the international standards, geostatistical modeling, and factorial analyses (FA) were performed. Geologic, soil, topographic, and climatic factors controlling the quality were investigated. The Quaternary aquifer was the most polluted by TDS, total hardness, NO3−, SiO2, Fe2+, F, and HCO3−. Khuff-Kumdah showed largest means of DO and NH4. Upper Wajid was the largest in NO2−. Lower Wajid proved largest in PO42−. Violation of the international standards clarified largest emergence of the pH for the Lower Wajid; Fe2+ and NO3− for the Upper Wajid; and total hardness, TDS, Fluoride, turbidity, and NH4 for the Quaternary aquifer. Rock interaction and evaporation are the dominant processes that contributed largely to the hydrochemical evolution of the groundwater. FA distinguished six main factors that explained for over 60.8% of the total groundwater quality variation lead byF1 (44.23%) that clarified strong positive loads of TDS (0.98), total hardness (0.95), nitrate NO3− (0.84), turbidity (0.78), NH4 (0.67), moderately loaded by fluoride (0.47), and Fe2+ (0.31).
On the Use of Satellite Rainfall Data to Design a Dam in an Ungauged Site
Authors: Bertini Claudia , Buonora Luca , Ridolfi Elena , Russo Fabio , Napolitano Francesco
Published: October 2020

The estimation of the design peak discharge is crucial for the hydrological design of hydraulic structures. A commonly used approach is to estimate the design storm through the intensity–duration–area–frequency (IDAF) curves and then use it to generate the design discharge through a hydrological model. In ungauged areas, IDAF curves and design discharges are derived throughout regionalization studies, if any exist for the area of interest, or from using the hydrological information of the closest and most similar gauged place. However, many regions around the globe remain ungauged or are very poorly gauged. In this regard, a unique opportunity is provided by satellite precipitation products developed and improved in the last decades. In this paper, we show weaknesses and potentials of satellite data and, for the first time, we evaluate their applicability for design purposes. We employ CMORPH—Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique satellite precipitation estimates to build IDAF curves and derive the design peak discharges for the Pietrarossa dam catchment in southern Italy. Results are compared with the corresponding one provided by a regionalization study, i.e., VAPI—VAlutazione delle Piene in Italia project, usually used in Italy in ungauged areas. Results show that CMORPH performed well for the estimation of low duration and small return periods storm events, while for high return period storms, further research is still needed.
Surface Salinization of Soil under Mulched Drip Irrigation
Authors: Liu Hongguang , Li Mingsi , Zheng Xurong , Wang Yaqin , Anwar Sumera
Published: October 2020

The mulched drip-irrigation technique has been widely employed in Xinjiang, China, however, it was found to result in the buildup of salt in the surface soil. To ascertain the effect of mulched drip irrigation on salinization, experiments were carried out during 2009–2010 in two fields of mulched soil drip irrigated for three and 13 years. The solute transportation in soil was simulated with the MATLAB system based on the Richards equations. Results showed that the soil mulched by plastic film did not accumulate salt, but the bare soil surface accumulated salt and the salinity distribution in bare soil was in the ‘Γ’ pattern. The soil layer below a depth of 20 cm in the bare area showed desalination because its salt content was 22% less than the surface. The salinity of bare surface soil including cultivated horizon was reduced by 17% after 13 years of drip irrigation. The simulation results indicated that the solutes of mulched soil were transported vertically to deep soil and transversely to the bare soil with drip irrigation. Thus, the salt accumulated on the surface of bare soil came from the soil mulched by plastic film, not from groundwater or saline irrigation water and did not cause secondary salinization.
Les « parents hélicoptères » : une socialisation incertaine des adultes en devenir
Authors: Bristow Jennie
Published: October 2020

Le sujet de cet article, à savoir le degré, la nature et l’implication des parents dans la réussite et le développement social de leurs enfants majeurs étudiant dans le supérieur, fait l’objet de nombreux débats aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. Le problème des «parents hélicoptères » , qui surveillent, tels un drone, l’éducation et la vie sociale de leurs enfants, tend de plus en plus à être considéré comme une cause des difficultés des enfants à faire face aux exigences de la vie universitaire. Lorsque ces jeunes sont éloignés du foyer parental, l’objectif d’acquérir une plus grande indépendance, de se motiver soi-même et de se responsabiliser pour s’investir dans ses études supérieures leur serait plus difficile à atteindre. Cet article aborde également les difficultés que la génération des «Millennials » nés dans les années 1980 éprouveraient à gérer la pression du travail et la vie après l’université. Une analyse de la littérature afférente aux «parents hélicoptères » révèle un discours émaillé de contradictions, notamment sur la capacité des comportements parentaux à s’extraire de dynamiques institutionnelles et culturelles, qui explicitement ou implicitement dissuadent les jeunes majeurs de devenir à la fois indépendants et adultes. Ainsi, les critiques sur les «parents hélicoptères » expriment et éludent une socialisation incertaine des adultes en devenir.
Towers and ditches in third millennium BC Eastern Arabia: A view from Building II at Bat, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Döpper Stephanie
Published: October 2020

Parmi les vestiges les plus marquants du 3e millénaire av. J.-C. en Arabie orientale figurent des structures circulaires monumentales, interprétées comme des tours. De grands fossés entourant ces tours ont été trouvés dans plusieurs de ces sites. Des fouilles menées récemment par l’université de Tübingen à Bat, dans le Sultanat d’Oman, sur la tour dite Bâtiment II ont révélé un nouvel ajout aux systèmes de fossés déjà connus rattachés aux tours. Bien qu’on ait suggéré, par le passé, que ces systèmes de fossés aient été utilisés à des fins d’irrigation, de défense ou de protection contre les inondations, aucun consensus n’a pu être dégagé sur la question de leur fonction, puisqu’il n’existe qu’un nombre limité de publications portant sur ces fossés. Dans cet article, on présentera d’abord les résultats des fouilles du Bâtiment II et on replacera son système de fossés en contexte d’autres déjà publiés. À la lumière de ces nouvelles données, on abordera enfin la fonction possible de ces systèmes de fossés.
La estela de Antymmer (CG 20098) y el surgimiento de nuevos sectores sociales intermedios en Abidos durante el Reino Medio egipcio
Authors: Rosell Pablo Martín
Published: October 2020

Las estelas privadas del Reino Medio procedentes del sitio de Abidos constituyen hoy en día una de las fuentes más importantes de información para poder analizar, comprender y reconstruir la sociedad egipcia. Es por ello que en este trabajo hemos seleccionado una de estas estelas (CG 20098) y la hemos documentado, traducido, analizado y contextualizado. Así, este trabajo se fundamenta en el estudio de la estela CG 20098, la cual pertenece a un sujeto sin títulos ni cargo alguno, llamado Antymmer, que se encuentra representado junto a miembros de su familia y servidores. Su importancia radica en el hecho de que se trata de un sujeto perteneciente a uno de los nuevos sectores sociales intermedios que comienzan a emerger durante el Reino Medio. En este trabajo se analiza, también, el proceso de surgimiento de esos nuevos sectores sociales intermedios en Abidos a partir de la evidencia procedente de dicha estela y del material encontrado en el sitio.
Transfer of the "social hygiene" idea from Germany to Soviet Russia in the compilation of the curriculum on social hygiene in 1922
Authors: RATMANOV Yulia , Ratmanov Pavel
Published: October 2020

This article is devoted to the history of the development and critical analysis of the curriculum on social hygiene adopted in Soviet Russia in 1922. An analysis of Russian and translated foreign literature of the first two decades of the 20th century, systematization and generalization of knowledge on the compilation and disclosure of the contents of the Soviet social hygiene program 1922 shows that this program was compiled with a fundamental foundation. The building materials in its compilation ware the knowledge and practical experience of Russian public medicine, knowledge on the compilation of social hygiene and teaching programs in Western countries, the difficult socio economic situation of the post revolutionary country and the poor health of the population
PRIMER CONGRESO NACIONAL DE MAGISTRADOS DEL PODER JUDICIAL DECLARACIÓN DE TRUJILLO (06/12/2007)
Authors: Távara Córdova Francisco
Published: October 2020

Presenta la declaración de Trujillo 2007
Kişilik Özelliklerinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışına Etkisi: Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: CEYHAN Sefa , YILDIRIM Mustafa
Published: October 2020

Bu
araştırmada, beş yıldızlı otellerde çalışan bireylerin kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık
davranışı (ÖVD)
üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma,
Antalya ilinindeki otel çalışanlarını kapsamaktadır. Araştırmada yüz yüze anket
yöntemi tercih edilmiş, 397 kişilik veri seti değerlendirmeye
alınmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ilk olarak faktör analizi
uygulanmış, ölçeklerin geçerlilik ve güvenirliği belirlenmiştir. Faktör
analizinin ardından araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Bu
bulgulara göre; dışa dönük kişilik özelliğinin ÖVD'nın vicdanlılık, sivil
erdem, nezaket ve özgecilik boyutları ile pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkisinin
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kişilik özelliklerinden uyumluluğun ise tüm ÖVD
boyutları ile anlamlı ilişkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Duygusal denge ise centilmenlik
ve sivil erdem boyutları ile negatif yönde anlamlı ilişkiye sahiptir. Öz disiplin
ve gelişime açıklık boyutlarının ÖVD ile ilişkisi
incelendiğinde; öz disiplin kişilik özelliğinin tüm ÖVD boyutları ile anlamlı
ilişkisininin olduğu, gelişime açıklık kişilik
özelliğinin vicdanlılık, sivil erdem, nezaket ve özgecilikle ilişkili olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Araştırma hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla regresyon analizleri
uygulanmıştır. Bu analizlerden elde edilen bulgulara göre dışa dönüklüğün sivil
erdem ve nezaket boyutu üzerinde etkili olduğu görülürken, uyumluluğun nezaket
boyutu haricindeki tüm ÖVD boyutları üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu
saptanmıştır. Ayrıca duygusal denge boyutunun ÖVD'nın sadece centilmenlik ve
özgecilik boyutu üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öz
disiplin ve gelişime açıklık boyutlarının ÖVD'na etkisine yönelik
regresyon analizi sonuçları incelendiğinde ise öz disiplin kişilik özelliğinin
ÖVD'nin tüm boyutları üzerinde etkisinin olduğu, gelişime
açıklığın vicdanlılık,
sivil erdem ve özgecilik boyutları üzerinde anlamlı etkiye sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar dikkate alındığında beş yıldızlı otel
çalışanlarının sahip olduğu kişilik özelliklerinin ÖVD sergileme düzeyinde
etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma sonucunda elde edilen
bulguların konu ile ilgili literatüre ve otel işletmeleri üzerine yapılacak
olan diğer çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı nitelik taşıdığı düşünülmektedir.
Güçlü Zayıf Yöntemi İle Proje Değerlendirme İçin Alternatif Bir Ölçek Önerisi: KOSGEB Örneği
Authors: YILDIRIM Bahadır Fatih
Published: October 2020

Günümüzde gerek kamu gerekse özel sektör, öncelikli plan ve hedeflerine ulaşmak için proje çağrıları yoluyla dış paydaşlara fon sağlamaktadır. Maliyetleri hesaplanmış ve bütçelenmiş bu projelere sağlanan fonların amaçlara uygun olarak sonuçlanacağından emin olmak için kurum ve kuruluşların proje değerlendirme süreçlerini doğru bir şekilde yürütmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada KOSGEB tarafından sağlanan destek programları incelenmiş ve Güçlü Zayıf Yöntemi kullanılarak bir destek programının puanlama tablosu uzman görüşü alınarak ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, proje değerlendirme sürecindeki en önemli kriterin Yatırım Projesinin Ekonomik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi kriteri ve Yatırım Alanının Fiziksel ve Yapı Yeterliliğinin en zayıf kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen ağırlık değerleri kullanılarak yeni bir puanlama ölçeği önerilmiş ve mevcut puan tablosu ile karşılaştırılıştır.
Psikolojik Güçlendirme ve Presenteeism İlişkisinde Örgütsel İletişimin Aracılık Etkisi: Y Kuşağı Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: KAPLANSEREN Serhan , NART Senem
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada örgütlerdeki presenteeism sorunu Y kuşağı bağlamında ele alınarak; presenteeism, örgütsel iletişim ve psikolojik güçlendirme arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konulması, örgütsel iletişim ile psikolojik güçlendirme değişkenlerinin presenteeism üzerindeki etkilerini belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İstanbul ve Balıkesir ilinde faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde çalışan, 304 Y kuşağı üyesinden anket yöntemiyle veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler; frekans, faktör ve korelâsyon ve aracı değişken regresyon analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; presenteeism ile örgütsel iletişim ve psikolojik güçlendirme arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca örgütsel iletişimin, psikolojik güçlendirme ve presenteeism arasındaki ilişkide aracı değişken rolü olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Düzeyi ve CO2 Emisyonu Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: ASEAN Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: AKİŞ Elife , SOYYİĞİT Semanur
Published: October 2020

İkili yapının hakim olduğu gelişen ülkeler geleneksel kesimden (tarım) modern kesime (sanayi) geçiş yaparken, üretimleri de düşük katma değerli ve bilgi içeriği düşük mallardan, yüksek katma değerli mallara doğru bir geçiş sergilemektedir. Yapısal dönüşüm olarak adlandırılan bu geçiş sürecinde, üretim niteliği değişim gösterirken, ülkelerin enerji ihtiyaçları ve enerji tüketimleri de artmaktadır. Bu durum, özellikle küresel ısınma sebebiyle çevresel duyarlılığın daha da arttığı günümüzde, gelişen ülkelerin yapısal dönüşümü çevresel kötüleşme pahasına mı gerçekleştirdiği sorularını akla getirmektedir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası raporunda da belirtildiği gibi, 1965’ten itibaren önemli bir büyüme performansı sergilemeye başlayan ve küresel değer zincirinde önemli birer ülke konumuna gelen ASEAN’ın kurucu ülkelerinde, yapısal dönüşüm ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksi, son dönemlerde yapısal dönüşümü temsil eden bir değişken olarak kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu ülkeler için 1990-2014 dönemi kapsamında ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksi ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki eşbütünleşme analizi sonuçları, ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksinin uzun dönemde Tayland, Filipinler ve Endonezya’da CO2 emisyonu üzerinde negatif etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bir diğer ifadeyle, uzun dönemde adı geçen ülkelerin ekonomik karmaşıklık düzeyi arttıkça, CO2 emisyonları azalmaktadır.
Future Insights for the Role of Materialism and Money Attitudes on Online Compulsive Buying
Authors: EROĞLU Filiz , BİLGEN KOCATÜRK Ebru
Published: October 2020

The study aims to expand understanding of compulsive buying behavior literature by examining the role of materialism and money attitudes on online compulsive buying behavior. A causal study using regression analysis was employed. An online survey was conducted over two-weeks period by a research company and a total of 601 valid and complete responses were received. All three dimensions, particularly happiness, of materialism have significantly influence on online compulsive buying. However, dimensions of attitudes towards money, except power, don’t have influence on online compulsive buying. Moreover, power has a negative influence on online compulsive buying. This research fills a gap in online compulsive buying literature which is related to monetary and material issues suggesting future insights in the light of several future trends like the digital age, post-materialism and massive internet usage.