bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intercultural Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning
Authors: MacLeod Jason , Yang Harrison Hao
Published: June 2019

In the absence of an equitably distributed method for providing immersive intercultural learning experiences, teachers have used digital technologies to personalize domestic learning experiences that cultivate intercultural competence and collaborative skills. This chapter provides a review of intercultural computer-supported collaborative learning, discusses the main issues that students and teachers encounter, and provides a summary of research supporting teacher integration of this instructional approach.
Implications of Similarities in Instructional Design, Learner Interface Design and User Interface Design in Designing a User-Friendly Online Module
Authors: Obilade Titilola T.
Published: June 2019

The development of a user-friendly online module depends on the inputs, the processes and the outcomes from the user interface design, the learner interface design and the instructional design. The online module includes the user interface design, the learner interface and the instructional design. This chapter would examine the theories behind these three designs. What guidelines can be garnered from the theories of these three designs? How can these guidelines be used to develop a user-friendly online module? In addition, it would examine their similarities and how they can be used to develop a user-friendly online module. Further, the chapter recommended an alignment of the garnered guidelines from the three designs to explore the plausible reasons for the high attrition rate in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC).
Instructional Design for Simulations in Special Education Virtual Learning Spaces
Authors: Floyd Kimberly K. , Shambaugh Neal
Published: June 2019

Virtual learning environments provide new teachers with experiences to apply knowledge of learner differences to semi-authentic learning situations involving students with special needs, teachers, and parents. Instructional design provides a systematic process to document instructional designs in an undergraduate special education course, which has students apply universal design for learning principles. A variation of instructional design designed for teacher education, the teacher decision cycle, documents the teaching decisions behind the use of TLE TeachLivE to provide simulated experiences in virtual learning settings, as well as supporting activity structures. Implementation guidelines are provided.
Multicultural Education in the Context of Community
Authors: Ndemanu Michael T. , Roof David J.
Published: June 2019

Using surveys and follow-up interview data, in this chapter, the authors evaluate the influence of an immersive service learning experience from a multicultural education course for aspiring teachers. The chapter examines how required 20-hour field experience is utilized by different professors as part of a professional disposition assessment to pre-screen students for admission into the teaching program, as well as how the field experience impacts teacher candidates' belief system and cultural competency. This research examines and seeks to provide points of discussion regarding the challenges of the service-learning component and recommendations for improving the course. To improve the course delivery and the unique partnership, the multicultural education course has with a variety of community organizations received surveys from hundreds of former students. This project builds on these initial surveys with interviews.
Using Telecollaboration 2.0 to Build Intercultural Communicative Competence
Authors: Lee Lina
Published: June 2019

This chapter reports a Spanish-American telecollaborative project through which students created blogs, VoiceThread presentations, and video chats for intercultural exchanges over the course of one semester. The chapter outlines the methodology for the project including pedagogical objectives, task design, selection of Web 2.0 tools, and implementation. Using qualitative data collection, the study explored the extent to which Web 2.0-mediated learning could contribute to learners' intercultural communicate competence (ICC) development. The findings revealed that students exhibited the skills outlined in Byram's ICC model. Students showed positive attitudes and curiosity towards the target culture, and gained new cultural knowledge. They also demonstrated skills of discovery and interaction that helped them build critical cultural awareness. The study suggests that learners' ICC can be assessed by the implementation of a well-designed telecollaborative exchange using Web 2.0 technologies.
Intercultural Nonverbal Communication Competence as Intercultural Responsiveness in the Second Language Learning Classroom
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: June 2019

This chapter examines the important role intercultural nonverbal communication competence plays as intercultural responsiveness in the second language learning classroom. The researcher reviewed relevant theory about intercultural nonverbal communication competence and focused on the research question. First, nonverbal communication styles are part of a culture, and the differences between low-context culture and high-context culture are represented in direct and indirect communication style in classroom communication activities. Second, speakers from different cultures use different nonverbal communication rules and behave differently and this can cause misunderstanding. Third, intercultural nonverbal communication differs between people from polychronic culture and those from monochronic culture. Different time concepts result in different behaviour patterns. Second language teachers should undertake training in intercultural nonverbal communication to facilitate students learning. The pedagogical implications for the second language teachers are discussed.
The Importance of Intercultural Learning in Study Abroad
Authors: Duke Steven T.
Published: June 2019

College graduates in the 2010's will work in a world that is more globalized than ever before. Graduates need to be prepared to work with people from many parts of the world. Study abroad programs offer an ideal context in which teachers-in-training can learn about intercultural communication and different patterns of culturally-based behavior. This chapter first defines a series of key words; including culture, intercultural communication, intercultural communication competence, and intercultural learning. The chapter then provides an in-depth look at intercultural learning programs and courses developed and implemented by a variety of United States universities and study abroad organizations. Intentional, holistic, and research-driven methods of instruction are described. Suggestions and recommendations are also provided. This chapter also advocates that institutions implement cultural mentoring for faculty who lead study abroad programs.
Developing Intercultural Awareness Within Teacher Preparation Program
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Austin Sheila
Published: June 2019

As more expatriate Chinese language teachers are recruited to teach in American K-12 schools, there is an increasing need for American university teacher preparation programs to address the challenges they are experiencing, as well as how they should cope. With years' experience and a uniquely cross-cultural breadth, this book chapter first examines the cultural differences between the U.S. and China in classroom management, class communication, teaching styles and instructional strategies. To identify the cross-cultural teaching difficulties, as well as the situational and cultural factors that impact the failure of teaching in cross-cultural situations, literature was then reviewed from the fields of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and cross-cultural Chinese language teaching. Last, employing Byram's intercultural competence model, this book chapter suggests ways in which intercultural awareness and intercultural competence be incorporated in higher education foreign language teacher preparation programs in the U.S.
Intercultural Knowledge Transfer in Teams
Authors: Orazbayeva Balzhan , Baaken Thomas
Published: June 2019

The following chapter is dedicated to knowledge management, whereby the focus is on the transfer of relevant knowledge in an intercultural team. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine, how an intercultural team deals with the cultural diversity of its members and how it influences the knowledge transfer. The research object was the intercultural team of the research institute Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre at the Münster University of Applied Sciences (MUAS) in Germany. Ten guided interviews were conducted with ten employees of ten different nationalities. As the investigation has shown, the processes of knowledge transfer within the team of the research centre are not standardized. The actual transfer of knowledge occurs between team members on a personal level during intercultural communication in a setting of provided framework conditions. The team's cultural diversity is able not only to transfer but also to generate new knowledge. Intercultural competence in a provided framework is the crucial factor for successful cross-cultural knowledge transfer.
Assessing Multilingual Multicultural Teachers' Communication Styles
Authors: Iskandarova Sevinj , Griffin Oris T.
Published: June 2019

As many educational institutions become more globally competitive, and the number of diverse teachers increases, it becomes even more imperative to avoid what some cultures might deem as inappropriate and unprofessional verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Those behaviors are sometimes interpreted in different ways, depending on the cultural perspective. Any unwanted verbal and non-verbal actions often increase stress, unwelcomed job pressures, and hinder a positive work environment. At the institutional level where teachers are very diverse, understanding verbal and nonverbal behaviors must be addressed. The researchers propose a methodology which will help multilingual, multicultural teachers' communication styles within the workplace and how to improve cross-cultural team collaborations. Additionally, the information provided in this study allows educational leaders to make inferences about their teachers' team performance and expectations based on their motivation, experiences, and skills used when working with a multicultural team.
Facilitating Multicultural Student Team Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Han Soo Jeoung , Liau-Hing Carla , Beyerlein Michael
Published: June 2019

This chapter introduces a three-phase model of multicultural online project team development in order to engage students in digital learning environments in higher education. To develop this phase model, we explored existing challenges and strategies of multicultural digital project teams by conducting a systematic literature review. We examined previous empirical studies, from 1998 to 2014, focusing on culturally diverse online project teams in higher education. The literature review identified several critical factors that affect the processes of culturally diverse online project teams. By synthesizing these critical process factors, we created an integrative phase model within the multicultural online project team processes, categorizing them into either a task or a socio-emotional process. The findings suggested that cultural diversity in teams negatively impacted the process factors, such as communicating, trust building, establishing expectations, intercultural learning, and knowledge sharing.
Understanding Social Identity Through Autoethography
Authors: Plakhotnik Maria S.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how instructors could use autoethnography as a course assignment to help students understand their cultural identities and build their intercultural communication competences in higher education classroom. Autoethnography is a qualitative research method that helps people examine their relationship with a group or a culture. The chapter provides an overview of literature relevant to intercultural communication competences, social identity, and autoethnography and then describes the author's use of autoethnography in an undergraduate course “Social and Cultural Foundations of Education” taught at a large public university in the United States. In her class, the author uses this method to help students examine their cultural identity, or relationship with groups based on their religion, culture, nationality, ethnicity, or other groups relevant to the course.
Teaching Practicums Abroad
Authors: Vogt Karin
Published: June 2019

European student teachers have the opportunity to complete a work placement at a partner school in a target language country. The focus of this study was on 35 undergraduate preservice teachers who completed a teaching practicum placement in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland between 2010-2014. Data from five years of reflective reports were content analysed and complemented with focus group discussions after the students' stay abroad. This chapter briefly outlines the structure of the teaching practicums, delineates data collection and analysis methods, and discusses the results in order to gauge the potential of such experiences for students' intercultural learning and overall professional development. Results indicated an interconnection of categories with the ‘professionalization' of preservice teachers featuring most prominently.
Research on US Education Abroad
Authors: Ogden Anthony C. , Streitwieser Bernhard
Published: June 2019

This chapter provides a concise overview of research in the area of United States (US) education abroad, beginning with a brief discussion of the changing role of US Higher Education (HE) and the ever-increasing momentum toward assessing and documenting outcomes. This is followed by a brief overview of the major trends in contemporary education abroad research in the US, with particular emphasis on research in short-term programming, and an assessment of the major methodological and design challenges. Because of their importance to education abroad and HE research, brief attention is given to the major theoretical models that have traditionally informed education abroad research in the US and the conceptual frameworks from related disciplines that may further extend education abroad research. Commonly used instruments are discussed in context of measuring outcomes. Some notable gaps in the existing research and needed directions are also discussed.
Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Authors: Wilson Keith B. , Pitt Jenelle S. , Raheem Malik A. , Acklin Carrie L. , Wilson José M.
Published: June 2019

Given the diversity related curriculum requirements of many accrediting bodies in education and the human services to improve service delivery for those who are part of underrepresented groups in the United States, the curriculum requirements efficacy is debatable. Evidence suggest there is a disconnect between the principles of social justice and multicultural counseling competencies and the lack of application of these two principles. This chapter will emphasize these concerns and the reasons why there is such a gap with the application of these two principles using both empirical and anecdotal evidence from past research. Because the terms behavior/action and application seems to be used as synonyms, we will explore the explicit differences in these and other terms. This chapter will also highlight scenarios and give examples of what application looks like and end with recommendations to improve the application of both the multicultural counseling and social justice principles.
USA-China Trade Wars
Authors: Yılmaz Özlem Toplu
Published: June 2019

This chapter analyzes the trade war between the United States of America and China. The United States of America and China are the two biggest trade leaders in the world. The United States supported China for its integration to world trade. The United States accused China of pursuing unfair trade policies. The United States increased tariffs against Chinese imports and China undertook retaliation measures against the United States' tariff increases. The two countries entered a period of a trade war and they started to implement protectionist policies on each other. These protectionist policies between the United States and China are seen as trade wars and could affect the world trade liberalization adversely. As they are trade partners too, it is better for both countries to end this war and to reach an agreement, because trade liberalization efforts could fail.
Trade Protectionism
Authors: Cambazoğlu Birgül
Published: June 2019

The increased commercial protection of countries as a result of the Great Depression caused the effects of the global crisis to deepen and last longer. Many countries took short-term steps to minimize the negative social impacts of the crisis by implementing protectionism. However, the crisis was gradually deepened and exerted long-term impacts on macroeconomic variables. The international platform made several attempts to reduce protectionism. However, following the global economic crisis in 2007-2009, the barriers to international trade have increased in many countries, especially in the USA. In many countries, inward-looking protectionist economic policies have been increasingly preferred. Thus, the global impact of countries' adoption of protectionism in their international trade policies has begun to be discussed in terms of the pros and cons for partners. This study analyzes the pros and cons of international trade protectionism on the basis of the impact of trade on macroeconomic variables. The results show that not only protectionism but also free trade produces both winners and losers.
Guerra Fria: entre o local e o global
Authors: Passetti Gabriel , Munhoz Sidnei J
Published: June 2019

Este dossiê reúne artigos produzidos por conta do simpósio internacional “Guerra Fria: entre o local e o global”, promovido pelo Instituto de Estudos Estratégicos da Universidade Federal Fluminense (INEST-UFF) em setembro de 2017, com apoio e financiamento da CAPES. Os artigos nele reunidos pretendem apresentar casos específicos das articulações entre questões locais e globais durante a Guerra Fria.
A crise do último império: a Guerra Fria e as décadas finais do colonialismo português (1945-1975)
Authors: Freixo Adriano De
Published: June 2019

A partir dos anos 1950, no auge do processo de descolonização afro-asiática, Portugal sofreu diversas pressões internacionais devido à sua política colonial. Marcado historicamente por sua debilidade econômica, o país havia implementado um modelo colonialista baseado na abertura de seus domínios ultramarinos à atuação do capital internacional, em um modelo de colonialismo dependente. Este fato, aliado aos interesses estratégicos dos EUA e da OTAN, no contexto da Guerra Fria, fez com que as grandes potências acabassem esvaziando as pressões contrárias ao colonialismo português. Assim, apesar da política isolacionista implementada pelo regime salazarista e da condenação da opinião pública internacional, os interesses econômicos e financeiros das grandes potências e as determinações político-estratégicas da conjuntura internacional acabaram por garantir alguma sobrevida ao Império Colonial Luso até meados da década de 1970.

Abstract

The crisis of the last empire: the Cold War and the final decades of Portuguese colonialism (1945-1975)

From the 1950s onwards, at the height of the process of Afro-Asian decolonization, Portugal underwent various international pressures due to its colonial policy. Historically marked by its economic weakness, the country had implemented a dependent colonialist model based on the opening of its overseas domains to the international capital. In addition, the strategic interests of the United States and NATO within the context of the Cold War resulted in a deflation of the pressures against Portuguese colonialism by the great powers. Hence, despite the isolationist policy implemented by the Salazar regime and the condemnation of colonialism by international public opinion, the economic and financial interests of the great powers, as well the political and strategic constraints of the international conjuncture, granted the survival to the Portuguese Colonial Empire until the mid-1970s.

Resumen

La crisis del último imperio: la Guerra Fría y las últimas décadas del colonialismo portugués (1945-1975)

Desde la década de 1950, en el apogeo del proceso de descolonización africano-asiática, Portugal sufrió varias presiones internacionales debido a su política colonial. Marcado históricamente por su debilidad económica, el país había implementado un modelo colonialista basado en la apertura de sus dominios de ultramar a la actuación del capital internacional, en un modelo de colonialismo dependiente. Este hecho, junto con los intereses estratégicos de los EE.UU. y la OTAN en el contexto de la Guerra Fría, hizo que las grandes potencias acabaran por vaciar las presiones contra el colonialismo portugués. Así, a pesar de la política aislacionista implementada por el régimen salazarista y la condena por la opinión pública internacional, los intereses económicos y financieros de las grandes potencias y las determinaciones político-estratégicas de la coyuntura internacional acabaron por garantizar alguna sobrevida al Imperio Colonial Luso hasta mediados de la década de 1970
Dominando a própria carne: gula, temperança e boas maneiras à mesa nos manuais de civilidade (séculos XVI a XX)
Authors: Pilla Maria Cecilia Barreto Amorim
Published: June 2019

“Comer para viver e não viver para comer”, essa é uma máxima que parece ter percorrido a história do Ocidente. Desde o século XIII a moderação tornou-se um ideal e a renascença trouxe consigo a civilidade das maneiras, transformando a voracidade do comer em uma atitude animalesca. Utilizando como fontes, manuais de civilidade de diferentes épocas, pretende-se analisar preceitos neles contidos sobre ideais de comportamento social e moral diante da comida, e em que medida podemos perceber permanências e transformações de regras em relação ao comedimento e de rejeição da gula à mesa ainda no Brasil do século XX.

Abstract

Dominating its own flesh: gluttony, temperance and table manners in civility handbooks (sixteenth to twentieth centuries)

“Eat to live and not live to eat”, this is maximum that seems to be traversed the West history. Since the thirteenth century moderation has become an ideal and the arrival of the renaissance brought with it the civility of manners, transforming the voracity of eating into an animalistic attitude. Using as sources, handbooks of civility from different epochs, we intend to know and analyze precepts contained in them about ideals of social and moral behavior in front of food, as well as to observe to what extent we can perceive permanences and transformations of rules in relation to restraint and rejection of gluttony at the table in twentieth-century Brazil.

Resumen

Dominando su propia carne: gula, templanza y maneras de mesa en los manuales de civilidad (siglos xvi a xx)

"Comer para vivir y no vivir para comer", esa es una máxima que parece haber recorrido la historia de Occidente. Desde el siglo XIII la moderación se ha convertido en un ideal y el renacimiento ha traído consigo la civilidad de las maneras, transformando la voracidad del comer en una actitud animal. Utilizando como fuentes, manuales de civilidad de diferentes épocas, se pretende analizar preceptos en ellos contenidos sobre ideales de comportamiento social y moral ante la comida, y en qué medida podemos percibir permanencias y transformaciones de reglas en relación al comedimiento y de rechazo de la gula a la en el Brasil del siglo XX
A questão sul-africana: literatura, colonialismo e masculinidades em Marie (1912), de H. Rider Haggard
Authors: Silva Evander Ruthieri da Silva Ruthieri da
Published: June 2019

O escopo central do artigo converge na análise e problematização das relações entre colonialismo e masculinidade na produção literário-intelectual do romancista H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925), com destaque para seu romance Marie (1912). A narrativa literária cinge elementos da ficção e realidade ao narrar eventos do passado sul-africano, em especial o Great Trek, período de migrações e deslocamentos de colonos bôeres na década de 1830. No cerne de um contexto imaginado com as marcas da violência e do martírio, Haggard retrata a formação de seu protagonista, o caçador Allan Quatermain, de modo a promover figurações de virilidade e heroísmo que atuam como respostas ao que muitos de seus contemporâneos sentem e ressentem como crises da masculinidade no fin-de-siècle.

Abstract

The South African Question: Literature, Colonialism and Masculinities in H. Rider Haggard’s Marie (1912)

The central scope of the article converges in the analysis and problematization of relations between colonialism and masculinity in H. Rider Haggard’s (1856-1925) literary and intellectual production, with emphasis in his romance Marie (1912). The literary narrative deals with elements of fiction and reality by narrating events from South African past, especially the Great Trek, a period of migrations and displacements of Boer colonists during the 1830s. At the heart of a context imagined with violence and martyrdom, Haggard depicts the formation of his protagonist, the hunter Allan Quatermain, in order to promote virility and heroism, which act as answers to what many of his contemporaries feel and resent as crises of masculinity in the fin-de-siècle.

Resumen

La cuestión sudafricana: literatura, colonialismo y masculinidades en Marie (1912), de H. Rider Haggard

La meta central del artículo converge en la análisis y problematización de las relaciones entre colonialismo y masculinidad en la producción literario-intelectual del novelista H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925), con destaque para su romance Marie (1912). La narrativa literaria establece una relación entre elementos de ficción y realidad al narrar eventos del pasado sudafricano, en especial el Great Trek, período de migraciones y desplazamientos de colonos bôeres en la década de 1830. En el corazón de un contexto imaginado con las marcas de la violencia y el el martirio, Haggard retrata la formación de su protagonista, el cazador Allan Quatermain, para promover imágenes de virilidad y heroísmo que actúan como respuestas a lo que muchos de sus contemporáneos sienten y resienten como crisis de la masculinidad en el fin-de-siècle.
“Os Colunas do Maranhão”: teias de intrigas em uma “remota província” do Brasil Império (1822-1831)
Authors: Vieira Cirino Raissa Gabrielle
Published: June 2019

Inseridos em um quadro de instabilidades latentes marcado pela oposição entre “portugueses” e “brasileiros”, os sujeitos políticos do Maranhão se organizaram por diferentes vias para legitimar suas reivindicações por acesso aos empregos da administração imperial e ao erário provincial. Além das discussões em botequins, nas praças e instituições criadas após o processo de Independência no Maranhão (1823), a suposta atuação da sociedade secreta Colunas do Trono e do Altar chamou a atenção. Através de uma interessante denúncia, averiguaremos a atuação de vários sujeitos e a composição de seus “partidos” durante o Primeiro Reinado e suas reverberações na construção do Império do Brasil.
O contar sobre a cidade: a biografia e as memórias que distinguem o lugar
Authors: Garcia Boldorini Marília , Barros Meira Roberta
Published: June 2019

Reflete-se sobre o papel das biografias na escrita das memórias da cidade com um paralelo entre Primavera em pleno outono: a jovem Olívia faz 80 anos!, de Wilson Gelbcke (2004), e Eu, Wittich Freitag, de Raquel S. Thiago (2000), para averiguar como memória, narrativas e paisagem cultural de Joinville aparecem nos discursos. Questiona-se a construção do contar biográfico, ressaltando as interferências dessas narrativas nas discussões de memória e patrimônio cultural, reforçando/negando os discursos oficiais da cidade. Como discurso oficial, tomamos como narrativa História de Joinville: crônicas da Colônia Dona Francisca, de Carlos Ficker (1965), importante influenciador do discurso que envolve Joinville.
Caio Prado Júnior: uma biografia política
Authors: Belinelli de Brito Leonardo Octavio
Published: June 2019

Trata-se de uma resenha de: PERICÁS, Luiz Bernardo (2016). Caio Prado Júnior - uma biografia política. (Boitempo, 2016).
A Cooperação Militar entre Brasil e Suriname / Military Cooperation between Brazil and Suriname
Authors: Correa Paulo Gustavo Pellegrino , Guerra Paulo Raul Costa
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cooperação militar entre Brasil e Suriname. Nas últimas décadas a América do Sul tornou-se plataforma estratégica de inserção internacional, modernização da defesa nacional e amadurecimento das relações regionais nos temas de segurança e defesa. Nosso recorte temporal é entre o ano de 1975, ano de independência do Suriname e de inicio de suas relações diplomáticas com o Brasil, até o ano de 2014, final do primeiro mandato da presidente Dilma Rousseff. A metodologia consistiu em análise bibliográfica, levantamento e análise dos acordos de cooperação militar entre o Brasil e Suriname, análise documental e de declarações oficiais, discursos e posicionamentos dos atores sociais e políticos da região sobrea cooperação militar. Nossa análise demonstra que mesmo o Suriname apresentando uma baixa interação diplomática com o Brasil, o país ocupa posição de destaque na cooperação militar.
História em tempos de autoritarismo: sujeitos e práticas
Authors: Ramos Márcia Elisa Teté
Published: June 2019

Apresentação do dossiê
Computer Simulation and Analysis of the Parameters of the Drawing Process of Thin Wire from the Alloy Pd-5Ni
Authors: Sidelnikov Sergey , Bindareva Kristina , Lopatina Ekaterina , Leonov Viktor , Voroshilov D. , Lebedeva Olga , Rudnitskiy Edvard , Lopatin Vladimir
Published: June 2019

This article represents the results of studies of the drawing thin wire from the alloy Pd-5Ni process. The studies used the software developed by the authors using the methods of calculating the drawing process and the computer model implemented in the DEFORM 3D software package. By way of calculation, a drawing route was determined, including 14 transitions, and the efforts of deforming the metal were found when producing wire with a diameter of 0.075. For this mode of deformation processing using the DEFORM 3D software package, we simulated the drawing process and established the temperature and stress distribution over the volume of the workpiece. The simulation results confirmed that the calculated safety factor for drawing is in the range of 2.85-3.43, which ensures a stable process of deformation of the metal without breaks and, as a consequence, an increase in productivity and yield of the suitable metal. Experimental studies have confirmed the adequacy of the developed model, so it can be used to analyze the process of drawing wire from other precious metal alloys. The results of the research are recommended to improve the production technology of thin wire from the alloy Pd-5Ni for the manufacture of catalytic gripping grids.
"Green" Bleaching Process of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Flour by Using Sodium Salt and Ozone Technology
Authors: Rengga Wara Dyah Pita , Wulansarie Ria , Chafidz Achmad , Amin Tuasikal M. , Handayani Prima A. , Abdillah Hanif , Fauzan Mohammad Fariz
Published: June 2019

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is one of important commodities in Indonesia. One method that has been used to whiten sugar palm flour is by bleaching process using chlorine (Ca(ClO)2). Unfortunately, the use of chlorine as a whitening agent is considered harmful to health and the environment. One of alternative methods that can be considered as “Green” bleaching process for sugar palm whitening is ozone technology. The effects of ozonation process and different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 added in the ozonation process to the whiteness (i.e. L* and b* scale) and protein content of sugar palm flour were investigated. Suspension of sugar palm flour-water was contacted with ozone gas at rate of 325 mg/hour. The duration of ozonation process was varied for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The initial concentration or ratio of sugar palm and water was also varied, i.e. 1:2 (wt/wt); 1:3 (wt/wt); and 1:4 (wt/wt). To determine the effect of adding sodium salt; NaCl and Na2SO4 were added at different concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/L each. The test results showed that pH of the flour and b* value decreased, while L* value of sugar palm flour increased with the increasing ozonation time. The results also showed that the most significant increase of L* value was at the sample ratio (sugar palm:water) of 1:3 (wt/wt) and 30 minutes of ozonation time. The optimal NaCl addition concentration was 10 g/L with 150 minutes of ozonation time. Whereas, the optimal Na2SO4 addition concentration was 15 g/L with 150 minutes of ozonation time. The addition of Na2SO4 resulted in an increase of L* value greater than the NaCl. The protein content of sugar palm flour also decreased along with the increase of flour whiteness. A maximum decrease in protein content of 57% occurred in flour samples with initial concentration or ratio of 1:3 (wt/wt) and ozonation time of 30 minutes.
Production of Microsphere Polystyrene Using Solution Enhanced Dispersion by CO2 Supercritical Fluids (SEDS)
Authors: Chafidz Achmad , Rofiqah Umi , Sumarno S , Megawati Megawati , Kaavessina Mujtahid , Jauhary Thonthowy
Published: June 2019

Supercritical fluids (SCFs) process can be considered as an emerging ”clean“ technology for the production of small-size particles (e.g. micron-size). Microsphere is a material in micron scale which has been widely used as adsorbent, catalyst support, and drug delivery system. For advanced application, those materials are formulated in the form of porous microspheres. There are several methods that can be used using SCFs. One of them is Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids (SEDS). This method is considered to be suitable in obtaining the porous microsphere polystyrene. In this study, polystyrene was first dissolved into toluene (polystyrene solution) at different concentrations (i.e. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 wt%) and then blown/sprayed together with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) through co-axial nozzle with two differents annulus diameter (i.e. 3.6 mm and 4.6 mm). Co-axial nozzle consists of two concentric pipes, inner pipe and annulus. Inner pipe for polystyrene solution flow and annulus for supercritical carbon dioxide flow. The expansion of these two of fluid was done both in atmospheric condition and in pressurized precipitator (40 bar). The resulted microsphere was analyzed by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine morphology and average diameter of the microsphere. The SEM analysis results showe that the smaller the initial concentration of solution used, the resulted microspheres tend to be smaller and less fibrils formed. Additionally, in the pressurized precipitator, the formed microspheres size was smaller and size distribution more narrow than that of atmospheric condition. Moreover, the use of smaller annulus diameter in co-axial nozzle produced smaller microsphere size and the size distribution was more uniform.
Study of the Influence of Conditions of Combined Casting and Rolling-Extruding and Two-Stage Annealing on the Structure and Properties of Semi-Finished Electrical Products from an Al–Zr System Alloy
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Sidelnikov Sergey , Voroshilov D. , Gorbunov Yuriy , Konstantinov Igor , Lopatina Ekaterina , Rudnitskiy Edvard , Berngardt Viktor , Yakivyuk Olga , Durnopyanov Alexander
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of the study of the joint effect of the processing conditions of the new composition of the Al-Zr system alloy by combined casting and rolling-extruding and two-stage annealing on the structure and properties of round bars used in the manufacture of heat-resistant wires. The research show patterns of changes in the properties, the specific electrical resistance of the bars, depending on different conditions of deformation and heat treatment of aluminum alloy with a content of 0.3% zirconium and 0.2% iron. The results of micro-X-ray spectral analysis and the granular structure of the samples before and after two-stage annealing confirming the stability of the structure after heating and preserving the strength of semi-finished products. Presented parameters of combined casting and rolling-extruding and two-stage annealing for the manufacture of rods from the studied alloy make it possible obtaining good combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.
600 mm-Wide Strip Casting Using Single Roll Caster Equipped with Scraper
Authors: Haga Toshio
Published: June 2019

The casting of a 600 mm-wide 5182 aluminum alloy strip was attempted using a single-roll caster equipped with a scraper. This caster could cast a strip at speeds ranging from 10 to 40 m/min. These casting speeds are much higher than that of a conventional twin-roll caster. The scraper load suitable for scribing the wide strip was investigated. The strip could be scribed at full width by the scraper. The mechanical properties of the strip were investigated using a tension test and a cup test. The tensile stress was 320 MPa and the elongation was 30%. When deep drawing was conducted, no striped pattern, which occurs via segregation, appeared when both surfaces were facing outside.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Calcium Titanate Composite
Authors: Inthong Suchittra , Sweatman Denis Russell , Eitssayeam Sukum , Tunkasiri Tawee
Published: June 2019

This research is concerned with the effect of sintering temperature on physical and mechanical properties. This Hydroxyapatite-calcium titanate (HA-CT) composites were synthesized using conventional route technique. The HA-CT composites were sintered between 1200 up to 1300 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of HA-CT composites was discussed. The physical properties were studied in term of densification and apparent porosity. As well as, the mechanical properties were determined in term of Vickers microhardness. The increasing of the sintering temperature increased both of the bulk density and the Vickers microhardness properties. However, the apparent porosity was decreased with increasing sintering temperature. The highest bulk density was found at 0.15 mol.% of CT in HA-CT composites which was sintered at 1300 °C for 3 h. Moreover, the mechanical properties as a function of the sintering temperature and the CT contents were also discussed and compared with other related work.
Weldability of Similar and Different Metallic Materials
Authors: Kamil Md Salim , Ayob Fauzuddin , Ismail Asmawi , Baharudin Bakhtiar Ariff , Ismail Azman
Published: June 2019

This Paper presents the study on the weldability of two similar and two different metallic materials. The weldability of the similar metallic materials considered in the study were aluminum alloy pipes of grade AA6063. As for the weldability of two different metallic materials were aluminum alloy of grade AA6061 to low carbon steel of grade A36, dupl stainless steel of grade 2205 to low carbon steel of grade A36 and grey cast iron of grade A48 class 35 to low carbon steel BS 449 of grade 250. The differing methods of welding or joining processes are discussed herein including those of stir welding and hot pressed diffusion bonding of the similar and dissimilar metallic materials respectively as mentioned above. The weldability of between the two materials are investigated including the physical appearance of the joints and the strength integrity of those so far achieved at this stage. The paper also presented the results on the weldability of the similar and different metallic materials, recommendation for further in-depth study in pursuit for improved technologies on the subject matters and highlight the prospects of metallic materials welding or bonding or joining to fulfill the demands for different applications.
Proximal Lck Promoter–Driven Cre Function Is Limited in Neonatal and Ineffective in Adult γδ T Cell Development
Authors: Fiala Gina J. , Schaffer Anna-Maria , Merches Katja , Morath Anna , Swann Jeremy , Herr Laurenz A. , Hils Miriam , Esser Charlotte , Minguet Susana , Schamel Wolfgang W. A.
Published: June 2019

During T cell development, Lck gene expression is temporally controlled by its proximal and distal promoters. The pLckCre transgenic mouse available from The Jackson Laboratory, in which the proximal promoter of Lck drives Cre expression, is a commonly used Cre driver line to recombine genes flanked by loxP sites in T cells. pLckCre drives recombination early in thymocyte development and is frequently used to delete genes in αβ and γδ T cells. We found that pLckCre failed to efficiently delete floxed genes in γδ T cells in contrast to a complete deletion in conventional as well as unconventional αβ T cells. Mechanistically, γδ T cells inefficiently transcribed the endogenous proximal Lck promoter compared with αβ T cells during adult thymic development. A small population of γδ T cells that had activated pLckCre was detected, many of which were located in nonlymphoid organs as well as precommitted IL-17– or IFN-γ–producing γδ T effector cells. In newborn thymi, both pLckCre and endogenous Lck proximal promoter expression were substantially enhanced, giving rise to an elevated fraction of γδ T cells with recombined floxed genes that were increased in unique γδ T subsets, such as the IL-17–producing γδ T cells. Our data point out striking differences in Lck transcription between perinatal and adult γδ T cell development. Taken together, the data presented in this study shed new light on γδ T cell development and stimulate a reanalysis of data generated using the pLckCre transgenic mice.
Good’s Syndrome, a Rare form of Acquired Immunodeficiency Associated with Thymomas
Authors: Tamburello Antonio , Castelnovo Laura , Faggioli Paola , Bompane Daniela , Brando Bruno , Gatti Arianna , Roncoroni Lucia , Di Marco Biancamaria , Mazzone Antonino
Published: June 2019

Good’s syndrome (GS) or thymomaassociated immunodeficiency is a rare clinical entity that should be ruled out in patients with thymoma who develop severe, recurrent bacterial infections and opportunistic viral and fungal infections. There are no treatment protocols established, hence, early recognition is imperative to avoid complications. We report the case of a 42-year-old female, known for a previous thymectomy for giant thymoma who has suffered for a long time from recurrent pulmonary and urinary tract infections and cold sores. In March 2016 she referred to our unit complaining of fever, cough, chest pain, and cold sores due to Herpes simplex virus (HSV), confirmed serologically as HSV-1. Chest X-ray showed left pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. She started antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid associated with azithromycin) with gradual improvement. Given her history she was studied for an underlying immunodeficiency: IgG, IgA, and IgM were significantly low or absent, as well as all IgG subclasses; blood and bone marrow aspirate leucocyte immunophenotyping showed complete absence of B lymphocytes and reduced CD4+ T cells. In light of: i) thymoma; ii) B lymphocyte deficit; iii) hypogammaglobulinemia; iv) recurrent infections, GS was diagnosed and pre-emptive immunoglobulin treatment, associated with HSV and Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis (Acyclovir for HSV and Sulfamethoxazole- Trimethoprim for P. jiroveci) were started. Since then the patient has no longer presented any infectious episodes.
A Multicriteria Decision Model for the Evaluation and Selection of Technologies in a R&D Centre
Authors: Lizarralde R. , Ganzarain J.
Published: June 2019

R&D Centres play a key role in the technology development process of industries, and therefore in their competitive strategies. They have responsibility in the identification, selection, acquisition, development and transfer of technology. Among these activities, the successful selection of new technologies is becoming a highly critical and complex challenge in the Technology Management Process. The problem of succeeding in the selection of new technologies is, from the methodological side, linked to heterogeneous key factors (technological, economic, human, and organisational). Many approaches deal with it by means of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques and tools. Nevertheless, most of the works are related to the selection of technologies in industrial cases and very few works have been found in the bibliography related to R&D Institutions and, in particular, Technological Centres. A model for the evaluation and decision about one or several technologies based on the MIVES (Modelo Integrado de Valor para Evaluaciones de Sostenibilidad) method is proposed. Introducing the motivations for using this method, after a review of the most used MCDM methods, and describing the structure of the model and the preliminary key parameters and relations among them. The proposed model is oriented to it’s application in the manufacturing sector, observing the particularities of the sector in the selection of the critical factors related to technology, R&D Centre and Industry.
A Meta Study of the Relationship Between Phase Change Material Parameters and Temperature Reduction in Fire Fighter Protective Clothing
Authors: Richmond Josef , Spencer Lesley , Tran Tommy , Williams Evan
Published: June 2019

Firefighters are exposed to high risk scenarios in which the prevention of extreme heat injuries is largely dependent on the effectiveness of their protective clothing. The following meta-study examines contemporary literature to determine the usefulness of phase change materials (PCM’s) in improving the effectiveness of the current firefighter protective clothing (FFPC) model in order to better protect firefighters. The time- temperature for multiple PCM’s in environments with low, medium and high heat fluxes (taken as 2.5-5 kW/m2 for 700 seconds, 10-15 kW/m2 for 300 seconds and 20-40 kW/m2for 30 seconds respectively) were compared in terms of the rate of temperature increase and final temperature. The study found that PCM I produced the best temperature reduction in a low flux, PCM K did so in a medium flux, and PCM B did so in a high flux. The study also found that overall the PCMs were most effective in a low flux, therefore further study should be directed towards creating PCMs that are more effective in high-flux environments.

Keywords: Phase Change Material; Fire Fighter Protective Clothing; Heat Flux