bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genomics of an Emerging Amphibian Virus
Authors: Epstein Brendan , Storfer Andrew
Published: November 2015

Ranaviruses, a genus of the Iridoviridae, are large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect cold-blooded vertebrates worldwide. Ranaviruses have caused severe epizootics in commercial frog and fish populations, and are currently classified as notifiable pathogens in international trade. Previous work shows that a ranavirus that infects tiger salamanders throughout Western North America (Ambystoma tigrinum virus, or ATV) is in high prevalence among salamanders in the fishing bait trade. Bait ATV strains have elevated virulence and are transported long distances by humans, providing widespread opportunities for pathogen pollution. We sequenced the genomes of 15 strains of ATV collected from tiger salamanders across western North America and performed phylogenetic and population genomic analyses and tests for recombination. We find that ATV forms a monophyletic clade within the rest of the Ranaviruses and that it likely emerged within the last several thousand years, before human activities influenced its spread. We also identify several genes under strong positive selection, some of which appear to be involved in viral virulence and/or host immune evasion. In addition, we provide support for the pathogen pollution hypothesis with evidence of recombination among ATV strains, and potential bait-endemic strain recombination.
Disruption of Methionine Metabolism inDrosophila melanogasterImpacts Histone Methylation and Results in Loss of Viability
Authors: Liu Mengying , Barnes Valerie L , Pile Lori A
Published: November 2015

Histone methylation levels, which are determined by the action of both histone demethylases and methyltransferases, impact multiple biological processes by affecting gene expression activity. Methionine metabolism generates the major methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for histone methylation. The functions of methionine metabolic enzymes in regulating biological processes as well as the interaction between the methionine pathway and histone methylation, however, are still not fully understood. Here, we report that reduced levels of some enzymes involved in methionine metabolism and histone demethylases lead to lethality as well as wing development and cell proliferation defects in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, disruption of methionine metabolism can directly affect histone methylation levels. Reduction of little imaginal discs (LID) histone demethylase, but not lysine-specific demethylase 2 (KDM2) demethylase, is able to counter the effects on histone methylation due to reduction of SAM synthetase (SAM-S). Taken together, these results reveal an essential role of key enzymes that control methionine metabolism and histone methylation. Additionally, these findings are an indication of a strong connection between metabolism and epigenetics.
Pituicytoma and Cushing’s Disease in a 7-Year-Old Girl: A Mere Coincidence?
Authors: Cambiaso Paola , Amodio Donato , Procaccini Emidio , Longo Daniela , Galassi Stefania , Camassei Francesca Diomedi , Cappa Marco
Published: November 2015

Pituicytoma is a tumor extremely rare in childhood, with only 4 cases reported in literature. It is thought to arise from the specialized glial elements called “pituicytes.” The association of pituicytoma and Cushing’s disease (CD) has been described only once so far, in an adult patient. A 7-year-old girl was referred for clinical signs of hypercortisolism, and a diagnosis of CD was made. MRI revealed 2 pathologic areas in the pituitary gland. The patient underwent surgery, with microscopic transsphenoidal approach, and a well-circumscribed area of pathologic tissue was identified and removed. Surprisingly, histologic and immunohistochemical study provided unequivocal evidence of pituicytoma. No pituitary adenoma could be identified. For persistent hypercortisolism, the patient necessitated transsphenoidal endoscopic reintervention and 2 other lesions were removed. By immunohistological examination, these lesions were confirmed to be corticotropin-secreting adenoma. Unfortunately, there was no postoperative decrease in corticotropin and cortisol levels, and the patient underwent bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Considering that we report a second case of association of pituicytoma and corticotropin-secreting adenoma, that CD is infrequent, and pituicytoma is extremely rare in childhood, the coexistence of these 2 tumors should not be considered a mere coincidence. To date, there is no conclusive evidence about the origin of these different subtypes of pituitary tumors. This case supports the hypothesis that these tumors share a common progenitor cell, which could be the folliculostellate cell.
Neonatal Sulfhemoglobinemia and Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Intestinal Morganella morganii
Authors: Murphy Kiera , Ryan Clodagh , Dempsey Eugene M. , O’Toole Paul W. , Ross R. Paul , Stanton Catherine , Ryan C. Anthony
Published: November 2015

Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of sulfhemoglobin in the blood. It is typically drug-induced and may cause hypoxia, end-organ damage, and death through oxygen deprivation. We present here a case of non–drug-induced sulfhemoglobinemia in a 7-day-old preterm infant complicated by hemolytic anemia. Microbiota compositional analysis of fecal samples to investigate the origin of hydrogen sulphide revealed the presence of Morganella morganii at a relative abundance of 38% of the total fecal microbiota at the time of diagnosis. M morganii was not detected in the fecal samples of 40 age-matched control preterm infants. M morganii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infection, particularly in immunocompromised hosts such as neonates. Strains of M morganii are capable of producing hydrogen sulphide, and virulence factors include the production of a diffusible α-hemolysin. The infant in this case survived intact through empirical oral and intravenous antibiotic therapy, probiotic administration, and red blood cell transfusions. This coincided with a reduction in the relative abundance of M morganii to 3%. Neonatologists should have a high index of suspicion for intestinal pathogens in cases of non–drug-induced sulfhemoglobinemia and consider empirical treatment of the intestinal microbiota in this potentially lethal condition.
3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Normal Saline in Inpatient Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Silver Alyssa H. , Esteban-Cruciani Nora , Azzarone Gabriella , Douglas Lindsey C. , Lee Diana S. , Liewehr Sheila , Nazif Joanne M. , Agalliu Ilir , Villegas Susan , Rhim Hai Jung H. , Rinke Michael L. , O’Connor Katherine
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Bronchiolitis, the most common reason for hospitalization in children younger than 1 year in the United States, has no proven therapies effective beyond supportive care. We aimed to investigate the effect of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline (HS) compared with nebulized normal saline (NS) on length of stay (LOS) in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in an urban tertiary care children’s hospital in 227 infants younger than 12 months old admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis (190 completed the study); 113 infants were randomized to HS (93 completed the study), and 114 to NS (97 completed the study). Subjects received 4 mL nebulized 3% HS or 4 mL 0.9% NS every 4 hours from enrollment until hospital discharge. The primary outcome was median LOS. Secondary outcomes were total adverse events, subdivided as clinical worsening and readmissions.

RESULTS:

Patient characteristics were similar in groups. In intention-to-treat analysis, median LOS (interquartile range) of HS and NS groups was 2.1 (1.2–4.6) vs 2.1 days (1.2–3.8), respectively, P = .73. We confirmed findings with per-protocol analysis, HS and NS groups with 2.0 (1.3–3.3) and 2.0 days (1.2–3.0), respectively, P = .96. Seven-day readmission rate for HS and NS groups were 4.3% and 3.1%, respectively, P = .77. Clinical worsening events were similar between groups (9% vs 8%, P = .97).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among infants admitted to the hospital with bronchiolitis, treatment with nebulized 3% HS compared with NS had no difference in LOS or 7-day readmission rates.
Predicting Nonhemolytic Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Norman Mikael , Åberg Katarina , Holmsten Karin , Weibel Vania , Ekéus Cecilia
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND:

Before hospital discharge, newborn infants should be assessed for the risk of excessive hyperbilirubinemia. We determined maternal and obstetric risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in infants born at term (gestational age ≥37 weeks) to form an individualized risk assessment tool for clinical use.

METHODS:

This was a population-based study with data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 1999 to 2012, including 1 261 948 singleton infants. Outcome was defined as infants diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia (N = 23 711), excluding all cases of hemolytic (immune-mediated or other specified hemolytic) diseases of the newborn.

RESULTS:

Risk factors with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of ≥1.5 (medium-sized effect or more) were gestational age 37 to 38 weeks (aOR = 2.83), failed vacuum extraction (aOR = 2.79), vacuum extraction (aOR = 2.22), Asian mother (aOR = 2.09), primipara (aOR = 2.06), large-for-gestational-age infant (aOR = 1.84), obese mother (aOR = 1.83), and small-for-gestational-age infant (aOR = 1.66). Planned cesarean delivery (CD) was associated with a reduced risk (aOR = 0.45). Without any of these risk factors (normal birth weight infant delivered vaginally at 39 to 41 weeks’ gestation by a non-Asian, nonobese, multiparous mother) the rate of nonhemolytic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 0.7%. In relation to the combined load of different risk factors, rates of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia ranged from 0.2% to 25%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Collection of a few easily available maternal and obstetric risk factors predicts >100-fold variation in the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The information provided herein enables individualized risk prediction with interactions between different risk factors taken into account.
Bridging the intention-behaviour gap with behaviour change strategies for physiotherapy rehabilitation non-adherence
Authors: Bassett Sandra F.
Published: November 2015

This paper reviews the problem of poor adherence to physiotherapy, the associated barriers and facilitators to adherence and bridging the intention-behaviour gap using behaviour change strategies. Adherence to physiotherapy, especially home-based physiotherapy that includes exercise programmes is problematic, which may be due to patients having to implement new behaviours and then integrate them into their daily lives. Further, patients may be adherent to some components of their physiotherapy and not others. Despite clinical, treatment and psychological factors being identified as reasons for poor adherence, the problem still persists. Effective patient education methods are not the total solution to the problem; patients need to be given skills to integrate the physiotherapy activities  into their daily lives. Behaviour change strategies provide these skills and enable patients to bridge the intention-behaviour gap. These strategies strengthen patients’ self-efficacy and should be selected to meet their needs and assist them to overcome their perceived barriers to undertaking the rehabilitation activities. While treatment goals provide patients with incentives to achieve their desired outcome they do not successfully bridge the gap. Valuable behaviour change strategies are verbal feedback, reinforcement, exercise testing, decision balance sheets, self-regulation, relapse prevention, progressed graded activities and booster sessions and action and coping plans.
2,4-D Past, Present, and Future: A Review
Authors: Peterson Mark A. , McMaster Steve A. , Riechers Dean E. , Skelton Josh , Stahlman Phillip W.
Published: November 2015

Since its discovery and initial commercialization in the 1940s, 2,4-D has been an important tool for weed control in a wide variety of crop and noncrop uses. Work studying its chemistry, physiology, mode of action, toxicology, environmental behavior, and efficacy has not only helped elucidate the characteristics of 2,4-D but also provided basic methods that have been used to investigate the properties of hundreds of herbicides that followed it. Much of the information published by researchers over 60 yr ago is still pertinent to understanding the performance of 2,4-D today. Further, new studies continue to be published, especially regarding the mechanisms of 2,4-D action at the molecular level. New uses for 2,4-D, sometimes enabled by biotechnology, continue to be developed. This review strives to provide an overall understanding of 2,4-D activity in plants, plant sensitivity to 2,4-D, toxicological impacts, and current and future uses.
Anatomía floral de los géneros del complejo Milla (Themidaceae)
Authors: Gutiérrez Jorge , Terrazas Teresa , Hernández Luis , Martínez-Cabrera Dorismilda
Published: November 2015

Se describe la morfo-anatomía floral de los géneros del complejo Milla (Themidaceae) con el objetivo de confirmar la presencia de un ginóforo en Dandya, de evaluar si existen caracteres anatómicos que permitan diferenciar a Dandya de los otros géneros del complejo ( Behria, Bessera, Jaimehintonia, Milla, Petronymphe ) y de hacer una interpretación evolutiva. Se estudiaron botones florales de diez especies del complejo Milla, los cuales se procesaron a través de la microtécnica de inclusión en parafina. Los resultados confirman la presencia de ginóforo sin médula en Dandya y con médula en los otros géneros estudiados. Además, Dandya se distingue de los otros géneros del complejo Milla por el estigma cerrado al terminar con sólo papilas externas, cavidades nectaríferas de forma astada con células epidérmicas rectangulares y filamento con 4 estratos de células parenquimatosas. Behria y Bessera comparten los estambres connados y la epidermis externa papilosa en el ovario. Los rasgos presencia de médula en el ginóforo, porcentaje de adnación del ovario al tubo floral entre 20-30%, estigma abierto y forma discoidal de las cavidades nectaríferas se interpretan como la condición ancestral en el complejo Milla de donde se derivaron cambios exclusivos en Dandya.
What’s political about solar electric technology? The user’s perspective
Authors: Schelly Chelsea
Published: November 2015

Scholars in science and technology studies have debated the various ways in which technologies are (or are not) political. Here, I examine how users themselves understand and articulate the politics of a specific technology—residential solar electric technology—and how understandings of politics interact with motivations to adopt. Based on interviews with 48 individuals in 36 households across the state of Wisconsin who have adopted residential solar electric technology, I consider the user’s perspective on the question: “What’s political about residential solar electric technology use?” These users were asked about the politics of this technology and how their understanding of the technology’s politics shaped their own motivation for adoption. These solar electric technology adopters saw solar electric technology as both imbued with political character based on the current national political scene and as inherently, innately political. They described how solar electric technology interacts with the politics of environmentalism, challenges “politics-as-usual” and can bring about decentralization and redistribution of wealth. In short, to the users of solar electric technology, this technological artifact is, indeed, political; it both interacts with, and offers an alternative to, current American political structures. Further, their perspectives on the politics of solar technology shaped their understandings of motivations for and limitations to adoption of this alternative technology.
The study of bodily socialization of adolescents, whose families are experiencing divorce
Authors: Chechulina A. , Lukovtseva Z.V.
Published: November 2015

The article presents the results of a study of the sociogenesis of corporeality adolescents whose parents are in high conflict relationships and experiencing divorce. The main group consisted of families that have undergone the examination of parent-child relations in the Centre for forensic examinations and studies, the control group – families with prosperous spousal relationship (a total of 28 parents and 16 adolescents aged 13-15 years). To assess qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the bodily sphere of the adolescents used the methodology of "the Volume and structure intercepting background", "Scale of assessment of skin" and test "body Shape", especially the parent-child relationship was assessed using questionnaires "the Behavior and attitudes of parents of adolescents to them." Statistically significant intergroup differences (U-Mann–Whitney test) on a number of parameters that characterize the bodily socialization of adolescents. Adolescents from families undergoing divorce, revealed violations of individual (lability of borders) and social (reflection, metaphoric) levels of physicality in the type of retardation.
A aprendizagem profissional da gestão de comportamentos na educação pré-escolar
Authors: Novo Rosa Maria Ramos , Prada Ana Raquel Russo
Published: November 2015

O presente poster visa identificar as semelhanças e diferenças na aprendizagem da gestão de comportamentos de crianças pelas educadoras-estagiárias de Educação de Infância. Para cumprir estes objetivos acompanharam-se duas jornadas de educadoras-estagiárias no âmbito da prática pedagógica final, em contextos supervisivos pedagogicamente diferenciados, um da rede pública e outro da rede de solidariedade social, ambos no concelho de Braga. No que se refere à orientação pedagógica foram considerados um contexto próximo do socioconstrutivismo e outro que adota uma postura mais tradicional. Partindo de uma conceção ecológica e socioconstrutivista da supervisão, o estudo seguiu uma abordagem de natureza descritiva e interpretativa e o processo de recolha de dados desdobrou-se na construção de significações e interdependências múltiplas através da triangulação de diferentes fontes de dados (filmagem, notas de campo e portefólio). Tendo em conta as características da investigação obteve-se o consentimento informado e foram salvaguardadas as identidades das pessoas e dos locais das pesquisas. Os resultados do estudo revelam a interatividade entre a aprendizagem das educadoras-estagiárias, os contextos supervisivos onde fazem estágio e as suas opções pedagógicas. Sabendo que a aprendizagem profissional é um processo contextualmente interdependente poderá dizer-se que a qualidade dos contextos supervisivos influencia significativamente a qualidade da gestão de comportamentos. Destaca-se ainda um predomínio de diferenças na aprendizagem da gestão de comportamentos pelas educadoras-estagiárias. Enquanto que a aprendizagem da educadora-estagiária na sala de cariz tradicional é orientada em função do exercício de poder e para uma gestão coercitiva, por sua vez, na sala de pedagogia socioconstrutivista verifica-se um equilibrio entre o poder da criança e o da educadora-estagiária,  apelando sobretudo à reciprocidade e a práticas indutivas. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a aprendizagem profissional é contextual, o que em outras palavras quer dizer que as educadoras-estagiárias e os contextos são realidades indissociáveis, havendo interdependência e interatividade entre as aprendizagens profissionais das candidatas a educadoras e os contextos supervisivos.
Formação continuada dos orientadores do PNAIC: contributos e desafios para as escolas públicas
Authors: Silva Maria Auxiliadora da , Cavalcanti Adriana
Published: November 2015

Visando elucidar em que medida o processo de formação continuada em rede de docentes orientadores do Pacto Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) apresentou contributos e, ou, enfrentou desafios nas escolas públicas em Alagoas/Brasil, analisamos uma amostragem de questionários avaliativos aplicados com os orientadores de estudos em contexto de avaliação do processo de formação. O referido pacto vem se desenhando, desde 2013, como um compromisso formal assumido pelos governos federal, do Distrito Federal, dos estados e municípios com o objetivo de assegurar que todas as crianças estejam alfabetizadas até os oito anos de idade, ao final do 3º ano do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, as universidades públicas brasileiras assumiram a formação continuada dos docentes envolvidos no processo de alfabetização em escolas públicas. Nesse contexto, estabelecemos também diálogos com mais diversos agentes de formação, formadores, supervisores e coordenadores vinculados à universidade. Para a realização da pesquisa, lançamos mão de uma perspectiva quantiqualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicados 300 questionários com orientadores de estudos. Desses, selecionamos para compor a amostra 10%, perfazendo um total 30 questionários. As reflexões apontam que a formação docente em nível nacional, em Alagoas, implicou em contributos, sobretudo, no aprofundamento teórico-metodológico sobre as áreas do conhecimento Língua Portuguesa e Matemática. E, ao mesmo tempo, impuseram o desafio de se construir nas escolas públicas alagoanas uma cultura organizacional de formação nas escolas que possibilitassem momentos de relatos de experiências, estudos, planejamentos e reflexões sobre a prática de ensino de língua portuguesa e matemática no ciclo de alfabetização; bem como um maior aprofundamento dos saberes teóricos-metodológicos inerentes ao saber/fazer docente no que diz respeito à interdisciplinaridade entre as áreas do conhecimento, mais especificamente, nesse estudo, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática nos anos iniciais; atribuições de sentido ao papel do processo de formação continuada para a atuação docente. Frente aos repetidos desafios dos/nos processos de formação docente, denunciados neste trabalho, fica um alerta para se repensar as políticas de formação docente a nível nacional de modo que o efeito multiplicador possa, de fato e de direito, garantir aprendizagens docentes.
Iniciación a la Práctica Profesional: la mirada reflexiva de los estudiantes de Educación Básica
Authors: Carvalho Maria Lurdes Dias de
Published: November 2015

A iniciação à prática profissional constitui uma dimensão central na formação de futuros professores, aproximando o mundo formativo e mundo laboral. esta comunicação trata de um estudo de caso de caracter descritivo-interpretativo sobre os olhares reflexivo dos estudantes de Educação Básica da Universidade. A recolha de dados centra-se na análise de conteúdo dos memorandos de aprendizagem realizados pelos estudantes no final da licenciatura. Os resultados salientam a relevancia da UC de iniciação à prática profissional enquanto tempo e espaço de conhecimento, aprendizagem e socialização profissional capazes de permitir a construção da sua identidade profissional.
Evaluación de conocimientos y actitudes sobre neuromitos en futuros/as maestros/as
Authors: Fuentes Adela , Risso Alicia
Published: November 2015

El tema de los neuromitos constituye un núcleo de contenido transversal a la literatura neuroeducativa. El término fue acuñado en el contexto médico: un neurocirujano, Alan Crockard (1986), lo utilizó en la década de los 90 para describir "un tipo engañoso de saber sobre el cerebro". Poco después fue Bruer (1997) quien lo llevó al contexto educativo, subrayando los peligros que surgen de la traducción directa de los resultados de la investigación neurocientífica al campo educativo. Por otro lado, en el año 2002, el proyecto Brain and Learning de la OECD emitió un informe en el cual los neuromitos ocupan uno de sus capítulos. Tras la publicación de ese informe se elaboró una de las primeras definiciones del término en su acepción educativa, siendo concebidos como algunas de las trampas surgidas en el establecimiento de puentes equivocados o sin fundamento entre la neurociencia y la educación. Así, los neuromitos estarían constituidos por conceptos erróneos en relación con el cerebro, y cuyos orígenes podrían residir en algún elemento científico sólido, lo que haría más difícil su identificación y refutación. La vinculación de los neuromitos con el contexto educativo, deriva en el concepto de neuromito educativo, ya que muchas de estas interpretaciones erróneas están relacionadas con el cerebro y el aprendizaje, y en concreto con el aprendizaje escolar. Partiendo de este contexto, y en concordancia con la literatura existente, el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la prevalencia de neuromitos entre los futuros maestros así como sus actitudes respecto a este tópico.  Para ello se contó con una muestra de 295 estudiantes de 1º y 4º curso de las titulaciones de Grado en Educación Primaria y Grado en Educación Infantil de la UDC, a quienes se les aplicaron dos cuestionarios: el de conocimiento se basó en el trabajo de Dekker, Lee, Howard-Jones y Jolles (2012), mientras que el de actitudes se fundamenta en el de Rato, Abreu y Castro-Caldas (2013). Comprobadas su fiabilidad y la validez de constructo, resultaron idóneas. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a la concordancia con estudios precedentes: por un lado, el nivel de prevalencia de neuromitos entre los futuros maestros es alto y, por otro, no se observa relación con el nivel de estudios, excepto en lo relativo a la adquisición de una segunda lengua. En el ámbito de las actitudes los resultados también concuerdan con  trabajos anteriores, mostrando una elevada acogida de las distintas propuestas orientadas a la superación de la brecha neuromitológica, y observándose una correlación directa entre el nivel de acuerdo de los estudiantes y el curso al que pertenecen.
Una nueva escuela. Un nuevo modelo de dirección
Authors: Veiga-Río Emilio J. , López-Azcárate Fernando
Published: November 2015

Siguiendo propuestas y principios que encontramos reflejados en la Ley Orgánica 8/2013 para la mejora de la calidad educativa (LOMCE), nos encontramos en su artículo 122, con una idea que podemos considerar básica  a la hora de la búsqueda de cambios significativos  y de la procura de la mejora de la calidad en los centros educativos. Las acciones de calidad educativa partirán de una consideración integral del centro, que podrá tomar como referencia modelos de gestión reconocidos en el ámbito europeo, y habrán de contener la totalidad de las herramientas necesarias para la realización de un proyecto educativo de calidad.
Formação de professores: um diálogo a luz da Andragogia e da neurociência do aprendizado
Authors: Borges Maria Ursulla Jurema , Ferreira Aldicea  Craveiro de Lima , Neto Luzia Mara dos Santos , Araújo Tacildo de Souza , Souza Alysson Brhian de , Boas Maria Erinete Reis Vila
Published: November 2015

A pesquisa em questão nasceu a partir de aulas em estudos de licenciatura em Matemática, especificamente na disciplina de Didática das Ciências em que uma das atividades de estudos e pesquisas teve como princípio, a análise dos conhecimentos atuais da Neurociência do Aprendizado e sua relação direta na compreensão dos processos mediadores e estratégicos do ensino da matemática considerando como o cérebro aprende, ou seja, como o aluno em fase adulta se apropria da aprendizagem significativa. Com o objetivo elementar de levar jovens e adultos de uma turma de Segundo Segmento da EJA, – ensino fundamental – a superar disfunções cognitivas lógico-matemáticas, o trabalho seguiu a rota de estudos teórico-práticos de aprofundamento para o entendimento dos mecanismos neurológicos que se encontram envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dessa fase educativa considerada, suas habilidades básicas de aprendizagem necessárias à aplicação dos conteúdos matemáticos. Identificar e caracterizar tais dificuldades, não só significou conhecer melhor as disfunções cognitivas desse tipo de aprendiz, mas, sobretudo, imprimir atividades e estratégias didáticas que visivelmente os fizeram conhecer suas próprias limitações educativas e culturais, bem como, leva-los a valorizar todo conhecimento pautado em suas experiências de vida, e, o entendimento dos seus déficits cognitivos para conteúdos escolares matemáticos. Os estudos pontuados também mostram os fatos da reciprocidade, à intenção, que lhes foi dirigida enquanto alternativas didáticas e orientações estratégicas, balizadas nos estudos científicos altamente esclarecedores, – não somente quanto às dificuldades ou distúrbios de aprendizagens presentes nos indivíduos atores da investigação – mas também, da ocorrência da expansão acelerada dos meios de comunicação e as novas tecnologias que nem sempre, são devidamente utilizadas para corroborar com a aprendizagem significativa na EJA de maneira coordenada, e, planejada, segundo as teorias e metodologias científicas. Nesse contexto, é vital que o profissional docente aproprie-se de tais conhecimentos, pois com a ocorrência do diálogo Neurociência/ Andragogia, está claro a possibilidade de aprimoramento do processo ensino-aprendizagem, tornando-o muito mais eficiente. Portanto, nas ações investigativas ocorreu a necessidade de estudos e pesquisas qualitativas sob o foco da metodologia investigativa caracterizada como revisão literária analítica e documental para uma construção teórico-prática, enquanto referencial de suporte dirigido a todo docente interessado em conhecer, bem como, compreender o diálogo científico para seu aperfeiçoamento no campo da Didática do ensino da Matemática e suas estratégias, à luz da Neurociência do Aprendizado.
Promoção de uma postura científica na formação de professores: estudo exploratório
Authors: Gonçalves Daniela , Quinta-e-Costa Margarida
Published: November 2015

Tendo em consideração que a educação e a qualificação dos recursos humanos são fatores determinantes do desenvolvimento, com este artigo, apresentar-se-á o modo encontrado na formação de futuros professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, de promoção da atividade investigativa e adoção de uma postura científica junto dos estudantes, de forma a que estes possam constituir-se como veículos de difusão de conhecimento fundamentado numa lógica de cultura investigativa. O objeto desta apresentação será a forma como provocamos nos estudantes, a vontade de investigar e os sensibilizamos para a necessidade de desenvolver uma postura científica na sua futura prática profissional. Essas funções específicas de ensinar e educar, desenvolvidas recorrendo ao saber próprio da profissão, apoiado na investigação e na reflexão partilhada da prática educativa, serão a análise presente neste texto. Interrogar-se sobre a realidade, colocar problemas e procurar a sua solução – pressupostos do método científico – refletem, claramente, a forma como entendemos a formação em contexto real na contemporaneidade. Deste modo, ser-nos-á possível explicitar o entendimento sobre esta noção de postura científica e serão ainda apresentados dados relativos a variados momentos em que, ao longo do seu percurso académico, os estudantes são confrontados com este espírito de cultura investigativa.
Calidad de la Orientación en la Facultad de Educación (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela)
Authors: Ceinos-Sanz Cristina , Nogueira-Pérez Miguel Anxo
Published: November 2015

De los cambios producidos en la sociedad actual, cobran especial relevancia los acontecidos en el sistema universitario, contexto en el que de cara a favorecer la capacitación integral del alumnado, debe considerarse el proceso de maduración personal que todo estudiante experimenta, así como la inclusión de la Orientación en dicha etapa. Por tanto, el principal objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en analizar las acciones de Orientación desarrolladas con alumnado de último curso de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela) con la pretensión de formular planteamientos de mejora en las acciones desarrolladas.
A formación do profesorado de lingua galega: perspectivas pedagóxicas e modelo lingüístico
Authors: Mosquera-Castro Estefanía
Published: November 2015

O presente traballo analizará desde unha perspectiva teórico-práctica as necesidades formativas do profesorado de lingua galega na Educación Primaria e para iso terá en conta a particular situación sociolingüística en que se encontra a Galiza e, máis concretamente a lingua galega. Así,  en primeiro lugar, examinaremos a situación do galego no marco educativo facendo especial fincapé na lexislación vixente, nos datos proporcionados polo recente informe do IGE e na información que a propia práctica docente nos proporciona, para determinar grosso modo o nivel de competencia en lingua galega do alumnado que inicia –e moitas veces finaliza– a súa formación como futuro docente na Educación Primaria. Esta primeira análise permitirá verificarmos a delicada situación por que atravesa o galego neste ámbito, os problemas a nivel pedagóxico debido ao emprego de metodoloxías tradicionais e gramaticalistas, pouco enfocadas no uso e na funcionalidade das linguas e, en consecuencia, o –con frecuencia– escaso dominio lingüístico dos discentes, a maioría nativos, que, ademais manifestan aínda na actualidade numerosos prexuízos. Todos estes elementos provocan no alumnado do grao unha falta de motivación pola súa aprendizaxe, un modelo de lingua precario e unhas aptitudes lingüísticas negativas, que condicionarán con certeza o posterior proceso de ensino-aprendizaxe en que figurarán como docentes e, por tanto, como referentes. Neste sentido, e a modo de conclusión elaboraremos unha proposta cunha serie de medidas a respecto do enfoque metodolóxico e didáctico e do modelo de lingua que deberían ser priorizados para garantir unha competencia lingüística mínima neste idioma que capacite para a posterior práctica docente, non só na materia de lingua e literatura galega, mais tamén como lingua vehicular do ensino. En concreto, consideramos necesario unha aproximación funcionalista e comunicativa como a que ten lugar no ensino-aprendizaxe de linguas estranxeiras ou segundas linguas, polas características particulares do galego, e un modelo lingüístico de calidade, liberado de interferencias  gramaticais máis tamén psicolóxicas, que garantan o seu futuro.
Middle School Advisory: Students' Perceptions of Its Effectiveness
Authors: Miglin Katie , Stephens Beth , Hurd Ellis , Al-Bataineh Adel T.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine if an advisory program that is being implemented in a Central Illinois Junior High School is beneficial in meeting the needs of a schoolâ€™s student population. Studies have shown that advisory programs help students socially and academically, and are critical in the development of adolescents. Literature supports advisory time in that it gives students an adult to connect to and creates a sense of belongingness. A mixed method survey consisting of Likert scale questions, open-ended questions, and multiple choice questions was electronically distributed to the student population after advisory lessons. Data was analyzed by specifically exploring the descriptive statistics. The findings in this study showed students reported the advisory program as effective, necessary, and often provide topics they could relate to.Keywords: Middle School, Advisory Programs, Adolescents development, perception of effectiveness, social and academic development
Interplay of institutional and cultural theories of organization
Authors: Janicijevic Nebojsa
Published: November 2015

In this paper, similarities and differences between the institutional theory
of organization and organizational culture theory are analysed, and how these
theories complement each other is highlighted. This study posits that both
the institutional and cultural theories of organizations have the same
research subject and that they approach it from the same research paradigm.
The level of analysis distinguishes the two, and therefore, an interaction
between the institutional and cultural theories of organizations is useful.
Organizational culture theory supports the institutional theory in explaining
the underlying factors and the forms of the implementation of institutional
pattern in organizations. The institutional theory of organizations supports
the organizational culture theory to expand its findings regarding the
sources of organizational culture.
Effects of gender equality institutionalization in the EU
Authors: Cickaric Lilijana
Published: November 2015

The impact of the EU on the implementation of the policy of equal
opportunities for women can be seen from harmonization of legislation and
construction of institutions for protection of women?s rights, and through
participation of women in decision-making processes. The first part of the
article discusses the theoretical framework for research the effects of
institutionalization of gender equality in the EU. In the second section the
institutional and legal framework are represented as a part of the global
strategy aimed at achieving gender equality. The problems dealt with in the
third part of the article concerning the presence of women at different
levels of decision-making in the European Union. The newest data base from
gender research for European Commission and European Parliament is used for
this research. Index of Gender Equality (EIGE) shows that there are huge
differences between Member States and that the EU is only halfway to
achieving gender equality. Therefore, the integration of gender perspective
in all fields and searching for measures to achieve higher level of gender
equality are the focal points in EU gender politics.
The unity of heaven and man: Ancient Chinese concept of three properties of the universe - in the change of Zhou
Authors: Kostic Natasa
Published: November 2015

paper uses a completely innovative point of view to analyze The Change of
Zhou - a comprehensive ancient Chinese philosophical work, which is composed
of well-known Book of Change and its philosophical commentaries, so called
The Commentaries of Change. The chapters of The Commentaries of Change like
?Jicizhuan?, ?Tuanci? and ?Xiangci? are quoted in this paper and their
meaning is explained, which is important for understanding the ancient
Chinese cosmological concept of ?the Unity of Heaven and Man?. According to
the Chinese perception of the Universe - Heaven, Earth and man are
holistically connected and interdependent. Man is considered to be
responsible for all his actions and it is emphasized that even the most
trivial human activity causes the changes in the whole cosmic order. A human
being is born not to indulge in carefree pleasures, but to choose himself a
goal of spiritual growth i.e. self-cultivation through the stages of honest
man (junzi), and wise man (shengren). He should also endeavor to establish
and maintain harmony with nature and thus have a beneficial effect on all the
beings and things in nature.
Advanced military concepts and organizations determined by technology requirements
Authors: Milinovic Momcilo , Ivanis Zeljko
Published: November 2015

The features of military forces in a defense system are expressed through the
goals resulted from visions and missions compatible with space and time, when
their defense role is expected to be integrative with other civilian actors
and contributors in defense tasks. The dependence of army combat capabilities
and its organization on the technology level extends to all the factors of
efficiency which determine global, overall, and long term defense
effectiveness. The questions of modern defense technologies and their level
of integration with high developed foreign military forces, represent the
most important directions for evaluation of army capabilities in contemporary
conditions. The analysis of optimal army combat capabilities, its efficiency
and cost-effectiveness, is done through validation issues and technology
modernization accompanied by reforms of military organization framed within
accepted international obligatory constrains and foreign defense policy
orientations. General indicators of similar efficacy functions, valid for all
types of military organizations, were discussed through selected and
standardized quality criteria. The capacity of weapon/ammunition firepower
integrated with maneuverability of military units is taken as the most
distinguishing parameter of quality for the modern military systems and the
main quality content of the combat capability. This is pointed out as the
especially important for the performances selection of the military technical
systems. Technological preconditions for evaluation of multipurpose military
formations are considered as the new approach in the flexible and effective
design of military units, consisting of available, joint, military and civil
defense resources, aimed at inter-service operations. The interoperability
criteria, as the new considered issue, provide comparative standard for the
firepower and combat capabilities of an observed military unit, but also show
compatibility with international and domestic concepts of collective defense.
With newly proposed concept of organizing the army in the form of modular
units it is possible to fulfill multipurpose future role of the army and at
the same time meet the concepts of its flexible technological modernization.
Effects of investments on local government budget revenues: A case of rural municipalities in Serbia and Croatia
Authors: Dokic Dragan
Published: November 2015

Emphasizing the development capabilities of the units of local
self-government (ULSG) and the effects they can have on the market became
increasingly visible in the last couple of years. The public sector to which
ULSG belong represents a complex system with the objective to satisfy the
needs of public interest. The contemporary local government gains a new
dimension in a sense that it creates favorable conditions for local
development. These tendencies point to the importance of strengthening local
capacities aimed at creation of stimulating investment environment. The
investments are considered an important source of new capital; but to attract
them, a series of actions in local institutions need to be performed to meet
the requirements of investors. In order to gain a large volume of investment,
ULSG must not disregard social responsibility towards the local community.
This work should draw attention to the importance of adequate management of
municipal revenues and effects that investments may have on them. In this
work, by comparative analysis, is examined the relationship of income and
investments in ULSG in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic
of Croatia.
People with disabilities and employment, intimate relationships, marriage and parenthood
Authors: Cvijetic Marija
Published: November 2015

This paper deals with the participation of people with disabilities in the
society. Participation is one of the central concepts in international
documents that were created under the influence of the social model of
disability, which has shifted the focus of responsibility from one?s
impairment to his/her environment. Review of experiences of adults with
disabilities regarding the obstacles they face in relation to employment,
intimate relationships, marriage and parenthood shows that the intensity and
quality of participation of people with disabilities depend on a complex
interaction between a person?s characteristics and specificities and his/her
immediate and wider environment.
Do Income Tax-Related Deficiencies in Publicly Disclosed PCAOB Part II Reports Influence Audit Client Financial Reporting of Income Tax Accounts?
Authors: Drake Katharine D. , Goldman Nathan C. , Lusch Stephen J.
Published: November 2015

Deloitte's 2007 PCAOB Part II report identifies, among other issues, concerns related to the audit firm's quality controls with respect to auditing income tax accounts. We investigate whether Deloitte's actions to remediate the PCAOB's concerns are associated with changes to their clients' financial reporting for income taxes. We find that Deloitte's clients increased the reported valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and increased the reported reserve for uncertain tax benefits (UTBs) in response to increased auditor scrutiny over income tax accounts. Additionally, we find that in subsequent periods, Deloitte's clients report valuation allowances and UTB balances that are not significantly different than other annually inspected auditors, consistent with Deloitte changing the quality controls related to audits of income tax accounts after the failed remediation of the 2007 Part II report.
The “Big” Consequences of IFRS: How and When Does the Adoption of IFRS Benefit Global Accounting Firms?
Authors: Wieczynska Maria
Published: November 2015

I investigate how the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) affects audit markets. Specifically, I examine the effect of IFRS adoption on the likelihood and direction of auditor switching in a sample of firms from five European Union countries: the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland during the period from 1998 through 2010. I hypothesize that IFRS adoption creates an expert advantage for global audit firms (i.e., Big 4 audit firms, Grant Thornton, and BDO) during a regime shift in reporting standards. I find that clients are more likely to switch from small to global audit firms in the year of IFRS adoption. I also hypothesize that the strength of a country's regulatory regime affects the likelihood of auditor replacement around IFRS adoption. I find that firms listed in countries with high-quality regulation and enforcement are significantly more likely to switch from small to global audit firms in the year of IFRS adoption (with the odds of the switch almost doubled when compared to non-adoption years). In weaker regulatory regimes, IFRS adoption is not associated with an increase in auditor switching. Additional tests provide evidence that global audit firms' advantage stems from their perceived IFRS expertise. Finally, the results confirm that not only Big 4, but also Grant Thornton and BDO, benefit from IFRS adoption.
Applying Basic Gamification Techniques to IT Compliance Training: Evidence from the Lab and Field
Authors: Baxter Ryan J. , Holderness D. Kip , Wood David A.
Published: November 2015

Companies depend on internal control to protect the integrity of information systems. IT security and data privacy training are critical controls for safeguarding company information. Employees often dislike the training, however, which can cause a lack of attention to, and poor understanding of, training concepts leading to less effective internal control. To improve the training experience, companies are implementing principles of games in employee training modules, a practice known as gamification. Utilizing a laboratory experiment on data privacy training and a field study involving IT security training for employees of a bank, we test whether a training environment with basic gamification elements results in greater trainee satisfaction and knowledge acquisition than traditional, non-gamified training. We find basic gamification results in higher satisfaction levels in the lab and field, but only marginally significant improvements in learning. Furthermore, these learning improvements are quite small (e.g., 1 to 3 percent). Finally, we find that “gamers” (i.e., those who participate in gaming on their own time) gain more knowledge from gamified training than “non-gamers,” although gamers are less satisfied with gamified training.

Data Availability: Please contact the authors.