bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of infill density and raster angle on the mechanical properties of PLA
Authors: Tan M.A. , Yeoh C. K. , Teh P. L. , Rahim N. A. , Song C. C. , Mansor N. S. S.
Published: November 2021

Polylactic acid (PLA) is derived from natural aliphatic polyester resources for instance sugarcane or starch based plants. PLA also known as a biocompatible and biodegradable thermoplastic and found widely in multiple applications like electronic and electrical devices, biomedical, food packaging and the engineering field. PLA have attracted attention in production potential due to its superior attributes like ease of processing, high strength and high modulus. Infill density, raster angle and infill pattern can influence the mechanical characteristics of materials like PLA, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK). In this paper, the relationship between infill density and raster angle was studied to investigate the mechanical performances of PLA by using 3D printers. 3D printing is used to fabricate more complex 3D design objects. The tensile test was involved to evaluate the properties of pure PLA. For pure PLA, 0° raster angles with 100% infill density show the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus which are 28.926MPa and 1262.7MPa respectively. However, a decreasing trend of break elongation reveals in PLA as infill density increases for both 0° and 90° raster angle. Optimization of printing parameters become crucial to provide high quality materials for 3D printing in order for education, packaging, engineering and biomedical applications.
Water Absorption Behaviour of Epoxy/Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil (AEPO) Reinforced Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fiber Montmorillonite (HMT) Composites
Authors: Mustapha Rohani , Mustapha Siti Noor Hidayah , Suriani M. J , Ruzaidi C. M. , Awang M
Published: November 2021

The use of fiber-reinforced vegetable oil - polymer composites has increased in various technical fields. However, the long-term operating performance of these materials is still not well understood, limiting the development of these composites. In this study, the water absorption performance of hybrid composites, which consist of kenaf fiber and glass fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) as a matrix, and montmorillonite (MMT) nano clays as a filler was evaluated with the function of different fibers layering order. The hand lay-up method is used to produce the composites with the variable number of kenaf fibers and glass fibers layer sequences. The water absorption kinetics of epoxy/AEPO reinforced hybrid kenaf/glass fiber-filled MMT composites are described in this paper. It has been observed that the water absorption rate of the composites depends on the fiber layering sequences. The alternative sequence of Glass-Kenaf-Kenaf-Glass and Kenaf-Glass-Kenaf-Glass composites layers exhibited the lowest moisture absorption rates of 7.61% and 7.63%, respectively.
Relationship between morphology analysis and durability of geopolymer paste
Authors: Razak Siti Aisyah , Zainal Farah Farhana , Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Nordin MohdNashaAin
Published: November 2021

Geopolymer may improve corrosion protection by slowing the corrosion of steel in concrete or paste. When the alkalinity of the paste is reduced, the passivating layer is destroyed. If the paste is more pores, it can be easily absorbed by NaCl solution or moisture. The improved properties of the geopolymer paste increase its durability by preventing corrosive elements from harming the steel contained within the geopolymer paste. Two types of paste were used in this research which geopolymer paste and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) paste. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to determine the surface morphology of geopolymer paste and OPC paste. Based on the result of this investigation, the morphology characterisation is related to the concrete’s endurance. The formation of an aluminosilicate gel during the geopolymerisation process is critical for stability, increasing the geopolymer matrix’s density. As a result, this can increase the durability of geopolymer paste compared to OPC paste which geopolymer also can improve corrosion protection of steel in paste.
Preparation of Composite Banana Peel-TiO2for Methyl Orange Dyes Removal
Authors: Teoh Hui Ling , Ibrahim Siti Aida , Ainuddin Ainun Rahmahwati , Hussin Rosniza , Zakiah Kamdi
Published: November 2021

Composite banana peel activated carbon-TiO2has successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. In this research, banana peel was activated using KOH activator. This study aimed to compose biomass wastes (banana peels) with TiO2 catalyst for Methyl Orange (MO) dye removal. The banana peel-activated carbon (BPAC) composition varied from 20, 50 and 70 wt. %. The prepared samples were calcined at 400°C for 4 h. The structure and properties of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transmission Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The results obtained from XRD showed the presence of anatase, rutile and potassium formate. The morphological analysis TiO2 showed agglomeration whereas pores were observed in BPAC. FTIR results indicated a C-O stretching and CH functional group formation through a modification that it does not exhibit in pure TiO2. The sample with 50 wt% BPAC-TiO2has the highest MO removal (72.5%) within 3 h of irradiation time. From the current finding, banana peel-activated carbon-TiO2can be commercialized for wastewater remediation especially in treating dye pollution.
Magnetic-Based Coreshell Nanoparticles as Potential Adsorbents for the Removal of Cu2+ Under Ultraviolet (UV) Light
Authors: Husni Hazreen Nadihah , Mahmed Norsuria , Ge Yanling , Norizan Mohd Natashah , Halin Dewi Suriyani Che , Razak Kamrosni Ab , Mohamad Ili Salwani
Published: November 2021

The magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γFe2O3) nanopartides, magnetite-silica-silver chloride (Fe3O4-SiO2-AgCl) and maghemite-silica-silver chloride (γFe2O3-SiO2-AgCl) coreshell structures have successfully been synthesized by using a simple wet chemistry method. The efficiency of these particles as the adsorbents for the removal of copper ion, Cu2+ in aqueous solution under UV light was investigated. Two different parameters were studied, namely the adsorbents contact time (60, 120, 180, 240 and 300s) and the solution-stirring rate (100, 200 and 300 rpm). From the results, the removal percentage of the copper ions from the solution were above 90% after 5 hours of adsorption process at 300 rpm by using Fe3O4 (94%) and γFe2O3 (92%) nanoparticles. The maximum removal of copper ions was nearly 100% when yFe2O3-SiO2-AgCl & Fe3O4-SiO2-AgCl coreshell particles were used. The samples that were prepared without magnetic core such as AgCl-SiO2, AgCl and SiO2 particles, showed lower percentage of the copper ions removal (78%, 60% and 20%, respectively). This situation shows that the magnetic nanoparticles plays and important role during the adsorption process due to their large active sites for the adsorption to occur.
The Modelling of Heteroscedastics IDR-USD Exchange Rate with Intervention and Outlier Factors
Authors: Mukhaiyar Utriweni , Yudistira Dhika , Indratno Sapto Wahyu , Yaacob Wan Fairos Wan
Published: November 2021

The nonstationary in time series data may be caused by the existence of intervention, outliers, and heteroscedastic effects. The outliers can represent an intervention so that it creates a heteroscedastic process. This research investigates the involvements of these three factors in time series data modelling. It is also reviewed how long the effects of the intervention and outliersfactors will last. The weekly IDR-USD exchange rate in period of May 2015 to April 2020 be evaluated. It is obtained that ARIMA model with the intervention factor gives the best re-estimation result, with smallest average of errors squared. Meanwhile for prediction, the heteroscedastic effect combined with outlier factors gives better results with the lowest percentage of errors. One of the phenomenal interventions in this data is the Covid-19 pandemic, which was started in Indonesia on March 2020. It is found that the effect of the intervention lasts less than five months and the prediction shows that the volatility of IDR-USD exchange rate starts to decline. This shows the stability of the process is starting to be maintained.
Box-Jenkins and State Space Model in Forecasting Malaysia Road Accident Cases
Authors: Husin Wan Zakiyatussariroh Wan , Afdzal Adlina Sofia , Azmi Nur Lisa Hashim , Hamadi Siti Auni Taqiah Sheikh
Published: November 2021

Road accident is one of the main causes of death and injury worldwide in this fast-paced modern world. Many developing countries, including Malaysia, are facing serious road accident problems. Forecasting road accident cases has become an important step towards setting the road safety target. Hence, this study aims to develop forecasting models and forecast future trends of monthly road accident cases in Malaysia. The data set on monthly number of accident cases from January 2001 to December 2019 was provided by Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM). Box-Jenkins and State space models were developed using the data under study. The models were then evaluated based on in-sample and out-sample evaluation using lowest root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute error. The results show that the basic structural state space model with trend and seasonal component was the most appropriate model in forecasting road accident cases in Malaysia. The 10-year ahead forecast from January 2020 to December 2030 shows that monthly road accident cases in Malaysia have a constant inclining pattern for each year. It is hoped that the finding from this study could become a reference for the authorities of Malaysia in making recommendations in order to improve road safety and reduce road traffic accidents in Malaysia.
The Geometric Brownian Motion of Indosat Telecommunications Daily Stock Price During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Edriani Tiara Shofi , Pasaribu Udjianna Sekteria , Afrianti Yuli Sri , Astute Ni Nyoman Wahyu
Published: November 2021

One of the major telecommunication and network service providers in Indonesia is PT Indosat Tbk. During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the daily stock price of that company was influenced by government policies. This study addresses stock data movement from February 5, 2020 to February 5, 2021, resulted in 243 data, using the Geometric Brownian motion (GBM). The stochastic process realization of this stock price fluctuates and increases exponentially, especially in the 40 latest data. Because of this situation, the realization is transformed into log 10 and calculated its return. As a result, weak stationary in variance is obtained. Furthermore, only data from December 7, 2020 to February 5, 2021 fulfill the GBM assumption of stock price return, as

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. The main idea of this study is adding datum one by one as much as 10% – 15% of the total data

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, starting from December 4, 2020 backwards. Following this procedure, and based on the 3% < p-value < 10%, the study shows that its datum can be included in

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is selected for modelling. Thus, GBM succeeded in representing the stock price movement of the second most popular Indonesian telecommunication company during COVID-19 pandemic.
Irregular Symmetrical Object Designed By Using Lambda Miu B-Spline Degree Four
Authors: Sukri Nursyazni Binti Mohamad , Mohd Puteri Ainna Husna Binti Megat , Nor-Al-Din Siti Musliha Binti , Razali Noor Khairiah Binti
Published: November 2021

In Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD), B-splines curves are piecewise polynomial parametric curves that play an important role. CAGD involves the interpolation and approximation curves and surfaces. CAGD has been widely used which brings good impact of computers to industries in manufacturing. There are many improved methods in the B-spline curve such as extended cubic B-spline, trigonometric B-spline, quasi trigonometric B-spline, and λμ-B-spline. Each of the methods has its behaviour and advantage. In this paper, λμ-B-spline was used to be implemented in generating irregular symmetrical objects. λμ-B-spline has a shape parameter that can change the global shape by manipulating the value of the shape parameter. The bottle has been chosen as an irregular symmetrical object. The 2-dimensional symmetrical curves of Bottle design were formed by using λμ-B-spline degree 4. The curves designed are dependent on the shape parameter which can be adjusted. Then, the curves generated were revolved using the Sweep Surface method to form 3-dimensional objects. Every object has its volume and this research focused on the numerical method which was Simpson’s 3/8 to compute the volume. The volumes obtained were compared to the actual volume to determine the best shape parameter used. The results show that the λμ-B-spline curve with a shape parameter of 1 is the best shape parameter in designing symmetrical irregular objects with the desired volume.
University Students’ Readiness for Job Opportunities in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Yusoff Sarah , Noh Nur Hidayah Md , Isa Norulhidayah
Published: November 2021

This study aims to explore the students’ level of readiness in taking up job opportunities in big data analytics and determine the contributing factors to students’ readiness. In addition, the crucial factors that need to be resolved are identified. This job field requires some significant criteria such as, willing to work as a team, self-effort, and specialised skills such as data visualisations and data storytelling, big data analysis, and basic knowledge on tools for big data analytics. Intellipaat.com, a platform that offers various professional online training courses, has ranked position in big data analytics and data science as the highest paying jobs in 2019. However, from 2019 onwards, Malaysia has been predicted to suffer a shortfall of data analysis professionals of up to 7,000-15,000. Our educational institutions are being encouraged to create more graduates to meet this need. The question arises on whether students are prepared and willing to work in this sector once they graduate. An online survey was constructed and distributed to all UiTM students enrolled in various bachelor’s degrees and master’s programmes. One hundred and thirty-nine students participated in this survey. A graphical tool for data tabulation was presented using a box-and-whisker plot. Additionally, correlation analysis and multiple regression were used to determine the relationship and factors that can contribute the students’ readiness for job opportunities in big data analytics. The results from the box-and-whisker plot have discovered an excellent sign of students’ readiness towards job opportunities in big data analytics. Correlation analyses has shown a weak to moderate relationship among factors and multiple linear regression analyses revealed the data visualisation including storytelling skill (DVSS) and teamwork (TW) have significantly given some impacts on the students’ opportunity in big data analytics career. The results of this study are expected to provide insights into students’ readiness for job opportunities in big data analytics.
Age Group Classification using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Mustapha Muhammad Firdaus , Mohamad Nur Maisarah , Osman Ghazali , Ab Hamid Siti Haslini
Published: November 2021

Age group classification is a complex task that is used to classify facial images or videos into predetermined age categories. It is an important task due to its numerous applications such as health, security, authentication system, recruitment, and also in intelligent social robots. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has recently shown excellent performance in analysing human face images and videos. This paper proposed an age group classification task using CNN that trained and tested with an All-Age Face (AAF) dataset. FaceNet deep learning model that uses CNN was applied in this study to compute a 128-d embedding that quantifies the face of the age group. The experiment included two age groups: Adolescence and Mature Adulthood. The proposed age group classification model achieved 84.90% accuracy for the training images and 85.12% accuracy for the test images. The experimental results showed that CNN is capable of achieving competitive classification accuracy throughout two age groups in the AAF dataset with unbalanced data distribution.
Design of a compact reconfigurable bandpass filter using interdigital capacitor, DMS slots and varactor diode for wireless RF systems
Authors: Belmajdoub A. , Jorio M. , Bennani S. , Das S. , Madhav B.T.P.
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a new design of a reconfigurable
bandpass filter based on an interdigital capacitor and varactor
diode for wireless and mobile applications. The designed
reconfigurable bandpass filter has been implemented on an RT 6010
substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 10.2, thickness of
1.27 mm, and loss tangent of 0.0023. In order to reduce the filter
size, the defected microstrip structure (DMS) is used due to its
easy design, high compactness, high quality factor and easy
integration with other RF devices. The suggested reconfigurable
filter has a simple structure with a very attractive compact size of
4.7 × 8.4 mm2, low insertion loss than -1 dB, and
tuning range (2–2.6 GHz).
The role of seafood in sustainable diets
Authors: Koehn J Zachary , Allison Edward H , Golden Christopher D , Hilborn Ray
Published: November 2021

Recent discussions of healthy and sustainable diets encourage increased consumption of plants and decreased consumption of animal-source foods (ASFs) for both human and environmental health. Seafood is often peripheral in these discussions. This paper examines the relative environmental costs of sourcing key nutrients from different kinds of seafood, other ASFs, and a range of plant-based foods. We linked a nutrient richness index for different foods to life cycle assessments of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the production of these foods to evaluate nutritional benefits relative to this key indicator of environmental impacts. The lowest GHG emissions to meet average nutrient requirement values were found in grains, tubers, roots, seeds, wild-caught small pelagic fish, farmed carp and bivalve shellfish. The highest GHG emissions per nutrient supply are in beef, lamb, wild-caught prawns, farmed crustaceans, and pork. Among ASFs, some fish and shellfish have GHG emissions at least as low as plants and merit inclusion in food systems policymaking for their potential to support a healthy, sustainable diet. However, other aquatic species and production methods deliver nutrition to diets at environmental costs at least as high as land-based meat production. It is important to disaggregate seafood by species and production method in ‘planetary health diet’ advice.
Estimating global oilfield-specific flaring with uncertainty using a detailed geographic database of oil and gas fields
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Sherwin Evan D , Brandt Adam R
Published: November 2021

Associated gas flaring during crude oil production is an important contributor to global warming. Satellite technology has made global flaring monitoring possible with high spatial resolution. In this study, we construct a granular database to geographically match global oil and gas fields with remote sensing flaring data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite from 2012 to 2019. The geographic information system database contains over 50 000 oil and gas fields and around 4700 infrastructure sites (e.g. refineries, terminals) in 51 countries and regions, representing 96% of global oil production and 89% of natural gas production. Over 2900 fields and 140 infrastructure sites in 47 countries contain matching flares. The annual matched flare volume covers 89%–92% of the satellite-estimated flaring volume of these countries and 85%–87% of total worldwide volume detected by the satellite. In 2019, a set of 263 ‘high-flare’ fields (which flare more than 0.1 billion cubic meters per year) account for 67% of the total matched satellite-estimated volume. These fields are mainly concentrated in the Persian Gulf, West and East Siberia, Eastern Venezuela Basin, Permian and Williston Basins in the United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and West and North Africa. Accounting for asymmetric instrument uncertainty suggests that country-level flaring rates are accurate to within −8% to +29%, the global average within 1%.
Concept design and numerical analysis of hybrid solar–wind turbine
Authors: Ackshaya Varshini K S , Aswin Alenkar K , Rajan H , Maanav Charan K S
Published: November 2021

A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy to electrical energy. External factors such as wind speed and direction shift, as well as turbine blade design considerations, cause a significant amount of energy to be wasted throughout the conversion process. Considering all these losses, a turbine’s average efficiency is roughly 45 percent. The blades of a wind turbine are one of the most crucial factors in determining the turbine’s efficiency. The design and geometry of the blades have a direct impact on performance since it determines how much kinetic energy from the wind is converted into mechanical energy. Many concepts and technologies are being used to improve the efficiency of wind turbines while lowering their maintenance costs. Wind turbines based on their axis orientation are classified as vertical axis and horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines are not as widespread as their horizontal-axis counterparts due to their lower efficiency. In this study, we will use a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine to investigate a way of enhancing its efficiency by installing solar panels on its vertical blades and determining the best performance angle at which the turbine should be kept achieving maximum efficiency. Computation fluid dynamic analysis and thermal and structural analysis has been performed to check the efficiency of the designed blade. As a result, an optimized wind turbine design has been developed.
Rebuilding sustainable place through the embodied image of the peranakan chinese house: Study of Kidang Mas in Lasem, Indonesia through Juhani Pallasmaa’s perspective
Authors: Darmayanti T E , Bahauddin A
Published: November 2021

This article is grown from a dialogue between Mr. Rudi’s childhood story as the sixth generation of Kidang Mas and the phenomenological perspective of Juhani Pallasmaa. Phenomenology by Pallasmaa is a powerful research strategy that is well suited for exploring the image within the Peranakan house of Kidang Mas. The strategy is expected to build a better understanding of the value of the Peranakan house. Pallasmaa’s perspective also proposes the “hands” to grasp the experiences through verbal sources turning into a concrete image. Verbal sources obtained from flowing and in-depth interviews supported by sensory activation, which engendered various fascinating and memorable childhood stories and activated all human senses. While the concrete images are conveyed through pictures based on the three most favorite childhood memory activities. The drawings were done using a pencil on paper. It is expected to elevate the sense of attachment of homeowners, local people, and visitors to the place which caused appreciation to the embodiment of Peranakan houses in Lasem as heritage buildings. This article gives another understanding of “rebuilding” sustainable place through the embodied image of Peranakan house in Lasem. The article also serves as a medium for disseminating knowledge about one of the Indonesian cultures to the wider audience.
Coping with environmental challenges: COVID-19 screening station design with standard operation procedure in Thailand
Authors: Lawanyawatna S , Schoch M
Published: November 2021

With the continuous need for COVID-19 testing in Thailand, the country lacks appropriate screening and sample-taking facilities. Based on an earlier functional prototype realized by the authors, this research aims to design, plan, and realize a screening station at a safe distance from healthcare facilities to protect those involved from coronavirus infection while the sample is being collected. The design, planning, and realization methodology combines design rationalization processes, including an expert survey based on a prototype analysis, a user survey of potential operators, and an SOP derivation based on government guidelines. Outcomes to improve the resulting station design allow later use changes, improved transportation, and speedier installation in the required locations. Results show the station design improved to the earlier prototype version, suggesting better operation flow and flexible usage, especially in rural regions where the need for isolated testing facilities is prevalent. The constructed screening station design is considered safe, operational, and suitable for implementation near healthcare facilities, offering a low risk of contamination and adaption to individual needs. Its long-lasting character and variable use also help improve health care facilities’ future pandemic preparedness. This research is funded through the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA).
Economic challenges: Conceptual framework on factors affecting construction cost during COVID-19 pandemic in malaysia
Authors: Abdullah N.A. , Mohd Kamar I.F. , Mustapa N.A. , Che Ahmad A , Abdullah M.N. , Syed Mustafa S.A.H.
Published: November 2021

Various studies have found that COVID-19 pandemic impacts on a country’s economy through several channels, including the construction sector. The construction sector, which has always been a big growth generator for the economy, has also been completely shut down. Construction stakeholders are facing a several of the issues as the construction costs keep increasing as a result of the workplace safety and health compliance, suspension and termination of the project, and productivity loss. Accordingly, this paper attempted to propose a conceptual framework on the factors affecting construction cost during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Almost all evidence from the literature shows that project completion, supply chain and regulatory compliance are the main factors that need to take heed of by the construction players during COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly, all these three components have the potential as the contributors to the increment of construction costs during COVID-19 pandemic.
The thermal phenomena of Aceh tradisional house due to changes inform spatial planning, building materials and constructure structures
Authors: Sawab H , Shah A , Lahna K , Nizarli  , Ivan T
Published: November 2021

The development of science and technology has influenced the pattern of human life, especially the housing as the basic needs in human life. This can also be seen in the Acehnese people who have made changes to their traditional houses which will unwittingly have an impact on the thermal performance of the building.. This study observes the thermal perception of the occupants of the original and changing Aceh traditional houses, in the form of their responses or reactions in describing environmental conditions when the air temperature is hot, normal, or cold, which is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Measurements were made on traditional house buildings and their occupants for 7 (seven) days on each house. As a thermal reference for occupancy, air temperature conditions in buildings and rooms will be measured using a Thermo Hygrograph and a Sling Thermometer. The results of this study indicate that there is a change in the thermal perception of occupancy in the form of a comfort range and length of time when the building is inhabited, which is caused by changes made to the traditional house building, in the form of adding another room at the back without disturbing the main building (Rumoh Aceh) using other materials and different buildings structures (not a stilt house like the main building).
Adaptive reuse of old houses as coffee shop: Environmental and spatial aspects
Authors: Pasha C P T , Dewi Cut , Djamaluddin Masdar
Published: November 2021

Adaptive reuse is a transformation carried out on buildings to provide new functions both from aesthetic and functional aspects. For decades, adaptive reuse has been a panacea for bridging the conservation and current needs for development. In addition, adaptive reuse has been considered an environmentally friendly approach to architectural conservation practices regarding the reuse of building materials and spaces. Besides government-imposed conservation, the community initiated to conserve everyday buildings by spontaneously and informally reusing and adapting various types of buildings known as a vernacular adaptive reuse. This study examines this vernacular approach by analyzing the process and changes that occur because of its application. The case study examined three residential houses that were built in the late 1960s and have been transformed into coffee shops. A research method is an approach through interviews with coffee shop business owners and local government, site observations on the surrounding area of old houses, building measurements, as well as literature studies related to adaptive reuse. The results showed that the process of the vernacular adaptive reuse approach was carried out by the business owners in a creative and pragmatic way with minimal cost and without expert’s involvement. Its application has positive impacts on the surrounding environment, such as social and economic activities, and it reduces environmental impacts by reusing abandoned buildings. In the spatial aspect, the old houses are regenerated by using a new spatial organization that still utilizes some of the spatial organization from the previous function.
Evaluation of spatial comfort on vernacular architecture in Aceh Besar District as a form of local wisdom in adapting surrounding environment
Authors: Izziah  , Sari L H , Meutia E , Mirza I
Published: November 2021

Aceh is located in a warm humid climate area. It has high relative humidity, which averages almost 80% and an air temperature of 27.50C. This study aims to evaluate the structure and material of a vernacular architectural style of the Indrapuri Mosque, located in Aceh Besar district, in relation to spatial comfort. The representation of vernacular architecture in relation to spatial comfort is the implication of the local wisdom value in designing architecture that is adaptive to the surrounding environment. In terms of spatial comfort, the study focuses on examining thermal and daylight performances. In doing this, primary data were collected by conducting a field survey and mechanical measurement. In supporting primary data, written sources as secondary data that related to the study were reviewed. The study found that a few new building materials installed have affected spatial discomfort. These new materials create a high indoor thermal performance. Concerning daylight performance, the whole interior space of the mosque receives adequate sunlight. However, a few building materials that have been replaced with new materials have affected spatial discomfort.. The study thus shows that traditional buildings are still suitable to be used in the current time. To anticipate having high indoor temperature, the installment of new material through building conservation activities should pay attention to the character of new materials close to the original building material.
A preliminary Study on The Use of PET Bottle Waste as The Green Roof Drainage Layer for Thermal Insulator
Authors: Munir A , Irfandi  , Muslimsyah  , Abdullah
Published: November 2021

The phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) and global warming are significant issues now in relation to sustainable urban development. The application of green roofs is an intention to weaken the impact of UHI by reducing heat gain on the building surface that is emitted to the environment. In addition, green roofs also reduce heat transmission from solar radiation received by the roof to the indoor. Utilization of plastic bottle waste from PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) will cut down the weight of the green roof system, which also develops the heat resistance value of the roof. This research is an initial study that suggests a green roof application that is more environmentally friendly with the principle of reusing PET waste as a sustainable building material to increase thermal resistant of the system. The analysis concentrates on describing the thermal behavior of the green roof system with the inclusion of PET bottles as a drainage layer. The investigation was carried out by preparing a cubical model of 60cm x 60 cm x 60 cm with a green roof system. Thermal performances were assessed by measuring the temperature of each layer of the green roof using thermocouple wire. The environmental variables measured were solar intensity, ambient air temperature, and air humidity, where the sensors placed close to the models. This analysis demonstrates the influences of green roofs in reducing solar radiation heat. Even though the decreasing of room temperature between the models was not significantly different, this initial results show that, by introducing PET, still display a further performance in reducing heat gain from solar radiation. However, it is necessary to adjust the evaluation models. Heat accumulation in room raised the indoor temperature to be higher than the roof temperature, so that the behavior of the green roof with the purpose of PET is not obviously distinguishable. A trial model with ventilation opening will release heat from enclosed space and it could evaluate clearly the rate of heat flow from the roof.
Holistic perspective to knowledge integration for performance of renewable and sustainable energy business
Authors: Yadwad V , Bharamnaikar S R , Bhushi U
Published: November 2021

Power generation and consumption globally has always been on the top agenda for any country since it contributes to the basic needs of human beings. In the race of bridging the supply and demand gap, human beings created side effects in the name of environmental pollution. The alternate source of energy is renewable energy, and many nations are committed to adopting these new forms of energy generation; these still contribute lesser than one-fourth of global energy consumption and power generation. This study aims to focus on knowledge integration for the performance of the renewable business segment. It creates a more practical alternative against other forms of energy generations like Thermal, natural gas-based. There are areas like a waste of energy as an example where it is still a lesser-known world. Many measurement techniques are still explored, which suggests Knowledge plays a vital role in the Business Performance of Renewable and Sustainable energy and in implementing Global Climate Control Strategies. The study results indicate the energy sector’s transformation into the renewable energy sector, highlighting innovations, knowledge integration, effect on performance, and role of management & government.
The development of waste to energy in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Hadi S P , Prabawani B , Hamdani R S
Published: November 2021

The volume of solid waste in Semarang City reached 1,300 tons per day consisting of 65 percent organic and 35 percent inorganic waste. 77.64 percent of waste was transported and disposed at Jatibarang landfill, 17.65 percent was managed by waste Bank and by temporary landfills (TPS) and 4.71 percent waste remain unmanaged. Jatibarang landfill is predicted to be exceeded its carrying capacity in 2021. To deal with this problem, through a public private partnership scheme, a PLTSa (waste to energy) has been developed. PLTSa would manage 70 percent of waste and produce 20 MW electricity sold to the State Electricity Company (PLN). The government of Semarang City must pay a tipping fee of 780,555 IDR per ton to the PLTSa Management. This paper analyses the development of PLTSa by comparing with another similar project. The research method was descriptive analysis, relied on secondary data, webinars, and informal interviews with relevant persons. This study found that waste to energy project will create dependency on the city government financially and operationally. To create sustainable waste management, it is recommended to utilize appropriated technology enabling the city government to operate by themselves and enjoy the benefit of electricity resulted from the process.
Citric Acid and EDTA as chelating agents in phytoremediation of heavy metal in polluted soil: a review
Authors: Shinta Y C , Zaman B , Sumiyati S
Published: November 2021

The application of metal chelating agents in phytoremediation has been shown to increase plant efficiency for heavy metal uptake in phytoextraction significantly. EDTA is a famous chelating agent used in phytoextraction. However, future use of EDTA is likely to be limited to ex-situ conditions where leachate control can be achieved, so there are limitations to its use that need to be studied. So that many phytoremediation studies have been carried out on organic chelating agents that are not expected to be harmful to the environment, one of which is Citric Acid. The purpose of this review is to compare commonly chelating agents, namely: EDTA as synthetic and Citric Acid as a natural matter for phytoremediation in polluted soils. This review also discusses the ability of Citric Acid and EDTA on phytoremediation, their effect on soil physiology and soil microbiology, advantages and disadvantages of each on the prospects of phytoremediation. EDTA can increase phytoextraction better than Citric Acid but can increase the risk of groundwater pollution because EDTA is difficult to degrade by the environment. In contrast, Citric Acid has been shown to increase phytoextraction, phytostabilization and harmless to the environment.
The effect of time and velocity variation in sequencing batches reactor on cod and bod, removal efficiency in tofu waste
Authors: Hardyanti N , Sudarno S , Zaman B , Arihta A , Putri R
Published: November 2021

The tofu industry produces liquid waste that can cause pollution if it is not processed first. Tofu liquid waste has the characteristics of containing high organic matter such as BOD and COD so that if it has directly discharged into the environment, it will reduce the carrying capacity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse the effect of variations in times and velocity of sequence batch reactor on the optimization of COD and BOD removal in tofu industrial wastewater by anaerobic bacteria originating from natural sediments. The method used is an experimental method where the method is to find the effect on other things controlled by using artificial waste. The removal of COD and BOD in tofu industrial wastewater can be done by biological treatment process with attached growth using Sequencing Batch Reactor. The reactor inoculated by the septic tank sediment was fed with artificial waste containing a concentration of COD of 7,000 mg/l and BOD of 2,000 mg/l. For 35 days, this reactor will be operated in batches. Results showed a decrease in BOD and COD parameters using a sequencing batch reactor with BOD concentration 176 mg/l and COD concentration 570 mg/l.
A selection method of municipal solid waste reduction in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Septarini S , Huboyo H S , Sudarno
Published: November 2021

Waste management is an important activity in human life that aims to find solutions to the waste problem. The province and local governments in Indonesia are responsible for waste management. The volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) in West Nusa Tenggara province, specifically in East Lombok, reached 2.792 m3/day. The public area for waste processing is technically limited. In East Lombok, there are 58 Transfer Post (TPS) units, although the majority are not operational. In East Lombok, the majority of the population (86.9%) did not separate their MSW. The volume of MSW in East Lombok, particularly MSW from urban areas, is affected by population expansion; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the best scenarios for implementation in the East Lombok district using four approaches: waste reduction through recycling, composting, incinerating and pyrolisis in the TPS. According to the modelling, scenarios 2 and 3 have the same impact on waste reduction. The percentage of total waste reduction can be seen. It has the potential to reduce complete waste by up to 50%. It applies to the method in East Lombok.
Proposing a new strategy to minimize domestic wastewater under the influence of human factor in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Rasolonjatovo F F F V F , Huboyo H S , Sudarno
Published: November 2021

Water pollution happens when organic or inorganic materials, even solid materials are poured into the water which degrades its physicochemical quality. The purpose of this study is, to identify, to describe and to highlight the major source of wastewater, and proposing a new strategy for minimization in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Antananarivo is one of the dirtiest cities on the African continent according to the classification made by Forbes magazine and Afrikmag. To know the current situation, an in-situ analysis of the physical parameters: colour, odour, turbidity and electrical conductivity using the turbidimeter and the conductometer are measurable parameters in the field. Major elements analyses, BOD5 using Oxytop method analysis, COD using Potassium dichromate, suspended solids using membrane filtration are measured in the laboratory. The turbidity of the discharges fluctuates from 127 NTU to 421 NTU). For electrical conductivity, it varies from 217 to 977μS.cm−1, BOD5 is of the order 3 to 88mg.L−1, while COD diverges from 279mg.L−1 to 730mg.L−1 and suspended matter oscillates from 400mg.L−1 to 60mg.L−1. Some parameters and concentrations exceeded the discharge standard Malagasy and the international Standard. The best solution for the management of water quality in the face of domestic pollution is the treatment of wastewater before discharge into receiving environments and the sensibilization of the population to take their responsibility.
The influence of bootstrapping in testing a model of motivation and visit intention of generation Z to the attractive building architecture destinations
Authors: Purwaningsih R , Sekarini D A , Susanty A , Pramono S N W
Published: November 2021

This research aims to identify the impact of e-WOM on the enthusiasm of generation Z to travel in architectural tourist attractions using the theory of reasoned action. The four variables used in this analysis are e-WOM, attitude, subjective norm, and visit intention. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with Amos software is used to assess the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable. One of the prerequisites for using SEM is that the data is normally distributed; however, the data in the analysis was not normally distributed, so the bootstrapping process was used to solve this. This article focused on explaining the data processing process in SEM to concern the data testing and the effect of bootstrapping in the model forming and not discuss the model result, only compare the result before and after bootstrapping process. The most influential variable in each construct is the same between before and after bootstrapping. The goodness of fit result before bootstrapping in all categories is poor fit but after bootstrapping only one category is poor fit and others are a good fit.
Bioefficacy of microbial antagonists against Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat
Authors: Barakat I , Chtaina N , Guilli M E , Ezzahiri B
Published: November 2021

From our previous research of bio-control agents of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici as an alternative to chemical control, one strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and one strain of Trichoderma harzianum showed high antagonistic potential in vitro and in vivo as a foliar treatment on potted plants under greenhouse. The present work aimed to evaluate the antagonistic potential of these two strains of microorganisms in seed treatment. The results obtained showed that the two antagonists can reduce the severity of the disease assessed at three growth stages of the two wheat cultivars. B. amyloliquefaciens I3 reduced the severity of septoria leaf blotch by 56% and 58% compared to the checks on Aguilal and Karim respectively at the flag leaf stage, while in the case of T. harzianum A, this rate was 54% on Aguilal and 55% on Karim. These results suggest that the antagonistic potential is due to a distant mechanism of action such as induced systemic resistance. The viability tests of the two antagonists on coated seeds stored at 4 °C showed that they were viable after twelve months of conservation and preserved their antagonistic potential against Z. tritici.
Eco-efficiency analysis of waste cooking oil recycling into liquid dish soap using life cycle assessment
Authors: Hartini S , Widharto Y , Indarto S R , Murdikaningrum G
Published: November 2021

Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is an oil with a chemical composition containing carcinogenic compounds formed during frying and unsaturated fatty acids. Improper handling of WCO can cause environmental pollution, especially water and soil. However, several studies have provided information that WCO can be recycled into products that are more value-added and have economic potential. Previous research has succeeded in finding the best combination of treatments for making soap from waste cooking oil that meets the standards of SNI 06-2048-1990, namely with a concentration of 22.5% KOH, cooling method and adsorption of activated charcoal and kepok banana peels. This study intends to analyze the environmental impact if WCO is recycled into liquid dish soap. The analysis was carried out using Life Cycle Assessment with the help of simapro software. The recycling process has the most significant impact on indicators of climate change and acidification. The eco-efficiency index is included in the affordable and sustainable categories.
Public issues in waste affairs in the pandemic era as a challenge for agile bureaucracy
Authors: Indiahono D
Published: November 2021

The era of the COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged residents to stay at home and reduce social mobility. Work and study activities are carried out as much as possible at home. One of the phenomena that emerged in this phase was the increase in household waste and medical waste. This article aims to reveal what public issues arise from the increase in household and medical waste during the pandemic. Qualitative research methods have been carried out by collecting data from online mass media, interviews, and observations. The results show that the increase in household waste and medical waste raised new public issues: special processing of medical waste, the safety of waste officers, health insurance for waste officers, and adjustment of volume-based waste fee system (VWF). Agile bureaucracy must respond quickly to this phenomenon so that public problems can be resolved immediately. Bureaucracies have to get out of their comfort zone to deal with complex general problems, move faster and different than usual.