bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A análise documental de atas da instância de governança regional do turismo da Baixada Verde/ RJ
Authors: Kalaoum Fausi , Gonzaga Godoi Trigo Luiz
Published: December 2024

Instâncias de Governança Regional são grupos compostos por agentes interessados em desenvolver o turismo de maneira, como o nome sugere, regionalmente e que são orientadas pelo Governo Federal diante da estratégia de regionalização que substituiu, há cerca de duas décadas, a de municipalização. Dado este contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo trazer os resultados das análises de documentos produzidos pela IGR Baixada Verde (IGRBV), no Rio de Janeiro, ao longo dos seus anos de existência. Enquanto método, utilizou-se a Etnografia Institucional que foca na atuação de cada sujeito que compõe uma instituição. Enquanto técnica, além da revisão bibliográfica, a já mencionada análise documental de atas de reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias que foram analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo (AC). Enquanto resultados, pode-se mencionar ao menos três: 1- a dificuldade da IGRBV em se formalizar, dada a ação contraproducente do próprio Ministério do Turismo que não garante uma dotação orçamentária para as regiões turísticas; 2- A importância de debater sobre transparência na escala regional; e 3- a necessidade de incluir grupos políticos e universitários nestas arenas de debate e tomada de decisão. A contribuição acadêmica deste trabalho versa, portanto, na necessidade de refletir criticamente a atualização das estratégias federais para o desenvolvimento do turismo. A partir destas reflexões, é possível desenvolver novas práticas de planejamento e compreensão da governança e das respectivas regiões turísticas brasileiras. Importante mencionar que este resultado é parte de uma pesquisa maior que resultou em uma tese de doutorado.
Mitochondrial A3Adenosine Receptor as a Mechanism for the Protective Effects of A3AR Agonists on Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Doyle Timothy M. , Janes Kali , Xiao Wen Hua , Kolar Grant R. , Luecke Hans F. , Gratton Michael Anne , Tosh Dilip K. , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Bennett Gary J. , Salvemini Daniela
Published: December 2024

Alterations in mitochondrial function are the linchpin in numerous disease states including in the development of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CIPN), a major dose-limiting toxicity of widely used chemotherapeutic cytotoxins. In CIPN, mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by deficits in mitochondrial bioenergetics (e.g., decreased ATP production) that are thought to drive the degeneration of the peripheral nerve sensory axon terminal sensory arbors in the skin (the intraepidermal nerve fibers; IENFs) and induce abnormal spontaneous discharge in peripheral nerve sensory axons. Preserving mitochondrial function is anticipated to prevent CIPN. We have now discovered that the G-protein-coupled receptor, A3adenosine receptor subtype (A3AR), is expressed on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Ex vivo application of a highly selective A3AR agonist, MRS5980, to saphenous nerve microfilaments harvested from male oxaliplatin-treated rats reversed the loss in ATP production underscoring mitoprotective effects resulting from A3AR activation on mitochondria. Moreover, in vivo administration of A3AR agonists to rats during oxaliplatin treatment was associated with reduced IENF loss and a lower incidence of spontaneous discharge in peripheral afferent axons. These effects are accompanied by improved mitochondrial ATP production in primary afferent sensory axons and overall inhibition of the development of neuropathic pain. These data identify for the first time mitochondrial A3AR and indicate that activation of A3AR protects mitochondrial function in primary afferent sensory axons against chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Repurposing A3AR agonists that are already in clinical trials as anticancer agents as adjunct to chemotherapeutics will address a major unmet medical need for which there are no FDA-approved drugs.
Engaging History of Biology
Authors: Allchin Douglas
Published: December 2024

American Biology Teacher has published over seven dozen articles relevant to the history of biology in biology teaching. They are cataloged here and indexed by topic. As reflected in this archive, teachers adopt a historical approach for many pragmatic motivations: (1) to engage students, by contextualizing science culturally; (2) to foster student interest through storytelling; (3) to promote the human dimension of science and offer role models; (4) to exemplify and nurture scientific reasoning; and (5) to convey the ever elusive “nature of science.” Here, I summarize and comment on those aims and their relation to the Next Generation Science Standards, and consider briefly some of the practical dimensions for teachers who have not yet engaged with historical approaches.
Reorienting Investment Dispute Resolution in Indonesia: Towards a Fair and Efficient System
Authors: Siallagan Sahat Poltak , Wiwoho Jamal , Suryono Arief , Kurniawan Itok Dwi , Fernandes Acacio
Published: December 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, the surge in foreign investment and the proliferation of global trade agreements have intensified the need for more reliable dispute resolution mechanisms. While the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system has long been the standard, it faces widespread criticism for its lack of transparency, fairness, and absence of an appellate mechanism. In response, the Investment Court System (ICS) has emerged as a novel alternative, introducing significant reforms such as the appointment of more qualified arbitrators, greater neutrality, enhanced transparency, and, crucially, a structured appeals process that offers stronger legal certainty. Although no disputes have yet been resolved through ICS, raising questions about its efficiency, the system represents a promising advancement in creating a more equitable and trustworthy framework. The appellate mechanism of ICS, in particular, addresses a critical shortcoming of ISDS, where arbitration awards are often challenged in national courts, leading to legal uncertainty. By balancing investor protection with state sovereignty to regulate in the public interest, ICS has the potential to enhance legal clarity, foster public confidence, and create a more stable and inclusive global investment environment.
Р. ДЕКАРТ: ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ И ИСКРЕННЕЙ РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТИ, И СТРАХА ПЕРЕД ЦЕРКОВНОЙ ИНКВИЗИЦИЕЙ
Authors: В.П. ГОРАН
Published: December 2024

Проявление страха перед инквизицией оценено как один из крайних пределов диапазона многосторонних мировоззренческих и философских ориентаций Декарта. Зафиксировано, что этот страх сочетается у философа с искренней внутренней религиозностью. Отмечено, что наличие у него именно такой религиозности обусловлено почти десятилетним обучением в иезуитском колледже. А известие о приговоре инквизиции Галилею актуализировало для Декарта значимость его приверженности религиозным взглядам. Наиболее не только активно, но и воинственно эта приверженность проявилась в выступлениях Декарта против двух недостаточно, по его оценке, проявивших ее оппонентов философа: автора, пожелавшего остаться анонимным, и католического священника Бурдена. Выявлена обусловленная такой степенью религиозности Декарта его неспособность адекватно воспринять и учесть в полемике с этими авторами их доводы в пользу признания разума человека не бестелесной субстанцией, а продуктом функционирования его телесного мозга. Но если относительно анонимного автора Декарт был вынужден довольствоваться выражением своего несогласия с ним в специальной статье, то относительно Бурдена он не ограничился выражением своего несогласия с ним в публичной полемике в печати, но еще и осуществил фактически донос на священнослужителя его высокопоставленному церковному начальнику.

The manifestation of the fear of the inquisition is treated as one of the range extremities of Descartes’ multilateral worldview and philosophical orientations. The point is made that the philosopher combined this fear with a sincere inner religiosity. It is noted that his religiosity was exactly like this due to almost ten years of study at a Jesuit college. And the news of the Inquisition verdict on Galileo actualized for Descartes the significance of his commitment to religious views. This commitment was manifested not only actively, but also militantly in Descartes’ speeches against two his opponents who showed it insufficiently in the philosopher’s opinion; those were the author who wished to remain anonymous and the Catholic priest Bourdin. It is revealed that due to such a degree of religiosity, Descartes was unable to adequately perceive and take into account in polemics with these authors their arguments in favor of recognizing the human mind not as an incorporeal substance, but as a product of the functioning of his corporeal brain. But if with regard to the anonymous author, Descartes had to be content with expressing his disagreement in a special article, then with regard to Bourdin, he did not limit himself to expressing his disagreement in a public polemic in the press, but also actually carried out a denunciation of the clergyman to his high-ranking church leader.
КРИЗИС ФОРМАЛЬНОГО ЗНАНИЯ В НАУКЕ
Authors: А.И. РАЗУМОВСКИЙ
Published: December 2024

Проведено исследование появления формально представленного знания, порядка его формализации и перспектив. Разрыв связующих нитей между реальностью и формальными ее описаниями привел к кризису формализации научного знания. В статье представлено два основных подхода к решению информационно-технических задач: абстрактно-логический и инженерный. Показано, как возникает творческий дискомфорт при излишней абстракции. Исследован вопрос о сочетании осмысляемого и рефлексивного компонентов в принятии целостных решений. Обсуждаются два пути процесса формализации: явный и теневой, при котором выхолащиваются субъективно незначимые детали и нюансы. Рассмотрены некоторые терминологические конструкции, возникшие как результат кризиса формализации знаний: «этика робота» и «искусственная мораль». Делается заключение об усиливающейся цифровизации как результате кризиса формального представления научного знания.

This research examines the emergence of formally represented knowledge, the order of its formalization and its prospects. The loss of the connecting links between reality and its formal descriptions resulted in a crisis of formalization of scientific knowledge. The article presents two basic approaches to solving information-technical problems - abstrаct-logical and engineering. It is shown how creative discomfort arises from excessive abstrаction. The issue of combining comprehended and reflexive components in making holistic decisions is investigated. Two ways of the formalization process are discussed - the explicit way and the shadow one, in which subjectively insignificant details and nuances are emasculated. Some terminological constructs that arose from the crisis of knowledge formalization, such as robotic ethics and artificial morality are considered. The conclusion is made about the increasing digitalization as a result of the crisis of the formal representation of scientific knowledge.
КРИТИКА АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТЕОРИИ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТИ ДЖОНА РОЛЗА) И ЕГО ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПЕРФОРМАТИВНОГО ПОВОРОТА. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: А.Ю. МОИСЕЕВА , А.С. ЗАЙКОВА
Published: December 2024

Аналитический метод, понимаемый как основной подход аналитической философии, можно рассматривать как одну из практик, которые поддерживаются в обществе, поскольку имеют для этого общества определенное прагматическое значение. В первой части статьи мы отметили необходимость реформы аналитического метода и показали, что основанием для подобной реформы может стать перформативный подход, при помощи которого в последнее время была произведена перестройка многих областей социально-гуманитарного знания. В рамках перформативного подхода возможно совмещение аналитического метода с методологией социальной критики, что позволяет разрабатывать теории, обладающие и аналитической строгостью, и необходимым потенциалом для решения текущих социальных проблем. Во второй части статьи мы обращаемся к попыткам такого совмещения и анализируем его эффекты, в частности в аналитическом феминизме, в критической теории гендера и расы и современной социальной критике в целом.

The analytical method, understood as the main approach of analytic philosophy, can be treated as one of the practices that are supported in society, since they have a certain pragmatic significance for this society. In the first part of the article, we noted the need for a reform of the analytical method and showed that the basis for such a reform could be a performative approach, which recently has helped to restructure many fields of social and humanitarian knowledge. The performative approach make it possible to combine the analytical method with the methodology of social criticism, allowing to develop theories that have both analytical rigor and the necessary potential for solving current social problems. In the second part of the article, we turn to attempts of such combining and analyze its effects, in particular in analytical feminism, critical theory of gender and race, and modern social criticism in general.
Chroodactylon ornatum (C.Agardh) Basson (Rhodophyta, Stylonematales) in the flora of Ukraine: distribution, conservation and the data on a new locality
Authors: Burova O.V. , Sadogurska S.S. , Mikhailyuk T.I.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses data on distribution, ecology and conservation of the pseudofilamentous red alga Chroodactylon ornatum (C.Agardh) Basson (Stylonematales, Rhodophyta) in Ukraine. The article includes original microphotographs, morphological description, and data on the new locality (Miskyi Stav (City Pond), Ivano-Frankivsk), which is the sixth and westernmost recorded locality of the algae in freshwater bodies of Ukraine. The species has a very peculiar morphology, is characterized by a wide ecological amplitude, occurs in saline (marine), brackish and freshwater waterbodies and is included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine with the category "rare". The analysis of literature data on the species distribution within Ukraine confirmed the presence of at least 39 localities of C. ornatum. It is noted that the species is, on the one hand, very rare in freshwater environments and, it is common in marine communities along the Black Sea coast of Ukraine (with some findings in coastal estuaries and the Sea of Azov). This raises the question of the need for further detailed nomenclatural, taxonomic, and algosozological studies of freshwater populations of the species.
Ukrainian economic thought in world economic science at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century: genesis, theoretical collisions and practical conceptualization
Authors:   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Yukhymenko Petro
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to reveal the heritage of Ukrainian economic thought, which in the second half of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century created the foundation of its identity and received world recognition, but was subsequently forgotten for a long period under the pressure of Soviet ideology. The new circumstances of Russian aggression and hybrid attacks with the promotion of narratives about the inferiority of the Ukrainian people and their statehood have prompted this analysis. Our scientists, even in the bosom of the Russian Empire, managed to form an original and highly intellectual theory of economic science with a world recognition, which pioneered not only in scientific developments, but also in terms of the influence on economic policy of the Russian Empire, and practical implementation in European countries.
The essence of the study is to display the content of scientific developments by the representatives of Ukrainian economic thought, to substantiate its national identity, and its difference from the Russian one, and to confirm the influence of Ukrainian economists on the development of economic science in the bosom of the Russian Empire. The authors clarify the characteristic features of the establishment of Ukrainian economic thought in the Russian Empire, the general and special study of phenomena and processes, and their connection with economic policy. Highlighted the role and significance of the activities of the representatives of Ukrainian economic thought in the implementation of economic policy, and establishing morality in scientific research.
The practical significance of the contribution made to the world economic science by Ukrainian economists in the Russian Empire is largely determined by the relevance of their deep understanding of national identity. For modern economists, it is important to study their scientific heritage, which even today remains a foundation in the development of Ukrainian economic science.
Theoretical discussions on the development of the monetary system within Comecon (1949-1991)
Authors:   University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France, Nenovsky Nikolay ,   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, Marinova Tsvetelina ,   New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria,   University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
Published: December 2024

The study of the past economic and financial experience of communication between geopolitical and geo-economic blocks has become useful and important today when we are witnessing a growing fragmentation of the global economy, the emergence of new economic blocs based on different ideological and conceptual models of economy and society. Our interest in the Comecon (The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, also CMEA) is inspired by the particular organization of the monetary system and its clearing mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some of the major ideas and views on the development of the collective currency and the monetary mechanisms within the Comecon, which lasted from 1949 to 1991. We also present the evolution of the socialist integration, which emerged as an alternative to capitalist integration as a direct result of the WWII. In the first part, we present the basic principles of socialist integration and the role of international socialist currency. In the second part, we focus on the main stages in the evolution of the collective currency and monetary relations, and some theoretical and practical limits of the transferable rouble. We are interested in finding out why the socialist integration and the monetary system developed within Comecon failed. The leaders of the socialist countries attempted various conceptual models. They encountered the constraints of political and ideological factors. They failed to find a mechanism by which to leapfrog the trapdoor of bilateralism and national planning, despite advances in specialization. The socialist countries were more and more attracted by countries with market and capitalist mechanisms of coordination. We argue that the diversity of experience and ideas could be mobilized in order to find solutions to the challenges in the context of the deepening global political and economic fragmentation.
The human-centered HR of the Ukrainian enterprises as the counterweight to challenges of the war period
Authors:   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Verbova Oksana , Verbova Roksolana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2024

The article actualizes the problem of forming flexible human-centered HR at the Ukrainian enterprises, that would satisfy the basic needs of every employee and staff saving, uninterrupted professional progress and adaptive skills for global challenges of the war period, and lead towards national economic self-realization and self-identification of human-personality, and economic stability of Ukraine.
The aim of the article is the reasoning of the necessity to introduce comprehensive innovation principles of human-centered HR at Ukrainian enterprises as an effective counterweight to challenges of the war period and a foundation of the post-war economic reconstruction of Ukraine on the principles of sustainable development in accordance with the European green vector.
The article reveals the authors’ vision of the emergence of a new model of the human-centered HR at Ukrainian enterprises, adaptive to the challenges caused by the war, post-pandemic and accelerated 4.0 Industry. It is suggested to introduce a flexible human-centered culture, a hybrid model of job and working environment of the future, comprehensive flexible well-being programs, and flexible adaptive Agile-approaches according to the principles of human-centrism and aims of the sustainable development, which would promote the creation of safe and inclusive surroundings for the realization of the potential of human-personality as the highest value of Ukraine.
Based on the research results, the authors formulate conclusions and practical recommendations regarding the necessity of the rethinking and renewal of values and priorities under the conditions of the modern global challenges and new possibilities, according to which especially important is the implementation of comprehensive innovative human-centered approaches to HR at Ukrainian enterprises.
Serum Albumin Assessment in Neonatal Jaundice: Impact on Phototherapy Decision-Making
Authors: Ruangkit Chayatat , Rojsirikulchai Napat , Keesukphan Suchanun , Emrat Kanuengnit , Kongurai Prathana , Swatesutipun Buranee , Rattanamalee Rachaporn , Soonsawad Sasivimon
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of serum albumin assessment on early neonatal jaundice treatment decisions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for infants of 35 weeks’ gestation or more, evaluated for early neonatal jaundice in 3 hospitals in Thailand from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Per hospital protocol, serum albumin levels were routinely measured during the jaundice evaluation. Infant demographics; serum albumin; total serum bilirubin (TSB); laboratory work-up for jaundice; hyperbilirubinemia neurotoxicity risk factors; hour-specific, risk-based phototherapy threshold; and rates of phototherapy treatment were evaluated.

RESULTS

Out of 935 infants evaluated for hyperbilirubinemia, 250 infants (26.7%) had serum albumin levels less than 3.0 g/dL. Among 121 infants who received phototherapy at TSB levels meeting the guideline threshold, 49 infants had serum albumin less than 3.0 g/dL as one of the neurotoxicity risk factors. However, the decision for phototherapy would not have changed when other neurotoxicity risk factors were present, when TSB at the time of initiation of phototherapy was higher than the threshold without neurotoxicity risk factors, or when TSB at the time of cessation of phototherapy was lower than the threshold with neurotoxicity risk factors. As a result, the identification of serum albumin less than 3.0 g/dL affected phototherapy treatment decision in 16 infants (affected initiation in 13, cessation in 1, and both the initiation and cessation in 2) or 1.7% of all infants evaluated for jaundice.

CONCLUSIONS

Serum albumin levels less than 3.0 g/dL are common, affecting 1 in 4 infants assessed for jaundice. However, this has minimal impact on phototherapy decisions.
Risk of Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Rotavirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit That Routinely Vaccinates
Authors: Zalot Morgan A. , Cortese Margaret M. , O’Callaghan Kevin P. , Casey-Moore Mary C. , L’Etoile Nathan , Smart Sarah Leeann , Honeywood Michelle J. , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Tate Jacqueline E. , Davis Anna , Wittmeyer Nicole , McGann Carolyn , Sadaf Salma , Wilson Kadedra , Bowen Michael D. , Gautam Rashi , Parashar Umesh D. , Coffin Susan E. , Gibbs Kathleen A.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not give rotavirus vaccines to inpatients due to a theoretical risk of horizontal transmission of vaccine strains. We aimed to determine incidence and clinical significance of vaccine-strain transmission to unvaccinated infants in a NICU that routinely administers pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5).

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included all patients admitted to a 100-bed NICU for 1 year. Stool specimens were collected weekly; real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect any RV5 strain. Incidence of transmission to unvaccinated infants was calculated assuming each unvaccinated patient’s stool contributed 1 patient-day at risk for transmission. Investigations and geospatial analyses were conducted for suspected transmission events.

RESULTS

Of 1238 infants admitted, 560 (45%) were premature and 322 (26%) had gastrointestinal pathology. During observation, 226 RV5 doses were administered. Overall, 3448 stool samples were tested, including 2252 from 686 unvaccinated patients. Most (681, 99.3%) unvaccinated patients never tested positive for RV5 strain. Five (<1%) tested RV5 strain positive. The estimated rate of transmission to unvaccinated infants was 5/2252 stools or 2.2/1000 patient-days at risk (95% CI: 0.7–5.2). No gastroenteritis symptoms were identified in transmission cases within 7 days of collection of RV5-positive stool. Of 126 patients for whom the RV5 series was initiated before the discharge date, 55% would have become age-ineligible to start the series if vaccination was allowed only at discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

Transmission of RV5 strain was infrequent and without clinical consequences. Benefits of allowing vaccine-induced protection against rotavirus disease in infants through in-NICU RV5 vaccination appear to have outweighed risks from vaccine-strain transmission.
Claude Meillassoux em Moçambique
Authors: Macagno Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

Claude Meillassoux, fundador da antropologia econômica francesa, e Marcelino dos Santos, importante dirigente da Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Frelimo), conheceram-se em Paris na década de 1950, quando ambos estudavam com o africanista Georges Balandier. Em 1977, ano da primeira visita de Meillassoux a Moçambique, essa relação se renovou, dessa vez sob uma chave crítica e polêmica. Naquele ano, a Frelimo se transformara em um partido de vanguarda “marxista-leninista” e estava prestes a criar uma série de organizações em prol da instauração do “poder popular” e do socialismo. Meillassoux viria a ser um observador atento desse processo. Este artigo reconstrói as vicissitudes da sua viagem, promovida pela cooperação franco-moçambicana e pelo Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. Imediatamente após a sua visita, Meillassoux endereçou a Marcelino dos Santos uma carta de alto teor crítico concernente aos rumos da revolução moçambicana. O artigo analisa, ademais, o conteúdo dessa carta e seus principais desdobramentos antropológicos e políticos.
Testemunhos de pessoas em situação de rua
Authors: Magnoni Tocaia Luciano
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, visamos a apresentar análises linguístico-discursivas de testemunhos colhidos junto a pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de Paris, desenvolvidas no quadro de um projeto de pós-doutorado mais amplo sobre o gênero testemunho como discurso de resistência no Brasil e na França. Para tanto, baseamo-nos nos saberes advindos do quadro teórico da análise do discurso francesa de base enunciativa (Maingueneau, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2015), circunvizinhados pelas ideias desenvolvidas pela semiótica greimasiana (Barros, 2008; Fiorin, 2008, 2009; Greimas; Courtés, 2006) e pelos estudos sobre questões relacionadas ao preconceito, à intolerância na/pela linguagem (Barros, 2011; Tocaia, 2018, 2023). Metodologicamente, em uma abordagem qualitativo-interpretativista, por meio de quatro planos propostos pela “semântica global” associados a questões de “sintaxe e semântica discursiva”, consideramos os testemunhos como discursos, e buscamos examinar como se dão as projeções da enunciação no enunciado, definir o quadro de valores ideológicos nos quais esses discursos se inserem, verificar como se reproduzem nos testemunhos alguns imaginários sociais e, em rápidas pinceladas, depreender o ator da enunciação (um éthos) de um grupo minoritarizado considerado sem voz. Os resultados permitem apreender, nos textos analisados, as mazelas e dificuldades de pessoas que, em situação de vulnerabilidade, buscam resistir a inúmeras desigualdades sociais.
Estes não são filmes para crianças
Authors: Fachel de Medeiros Rosângela , de Azevedo Baladão Janaína , Elizalde Silvia , Freitas Moraes Maria Eduarda
Published: December 2024

A infância é o momento das primeiras socializações e desafios na vida das pessoas. No entanto, quando pensamos nos diversos contextos sociais, percebemos que esse processo é desigual. Com vistas a apresentar a singularidade da construção social da infância no âmbito latino-americano, propomos uma cartografia cinematográfica delimitada. Em um primeiro momento, realizamos um apanhado histórico das representações da infância. Posteriormente, apresentamos produções audiovisuais latino-americanas. Concluímos salientando as especificidades da realidade social da América Latina e seus desafios para reconhecer e efetivar os direitos das crianças. O passado da colonização se reatualiza em experiências de desigualdade social e violência. Por fim, compreendemos que refletir sobre o modo como a infância é experienciada é essencial para alcançar uma mudança social.
O MOVIMENTO BANDEIRANTE E AS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS
Authors: Serra Ferreira de Brito Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel das organizações do terceiro setor, com foco no Movimento Bandeirante, na mitigação das mudanças climáticas. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, o artigo apresenta como essa entidade oferece uma educação ambiental não formal, promovendo a conscientização e ação coletiva para enfrentar os desafios ambientais contemporâneos. A metodologia inclui análise documental e estudo de caso das iniciativas históricas e atuais do Movimento Bandeirante em projetos de conservação e práticas sustentáveis, destacando seu impacto na formação de cidadãos comprometidos com a sustentabilidade global.
Effect of various plant extracts against major insect pests and natural enemies in rice Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Seni Atanu , Ahmed Absar
Published: December 2024

Extracts from Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Nerium oleander, Aegle marmelos, Allium sativum, Citrus limon were compared with two checks viz. Azadirachtin 1 EC and Acephate 95 SG for their efficacy against Nilaparvata lugens, Orseolia oryzae and natural enemies in cultivated rice during two consecutive wet seasons from 2022 to 2023. It was revealed that, mean rice yield was significantly higher in the A. indica and Acephate 95 SG treatments compared to the control. The A. indica treatment emerged as the best treatment against O. oryzae whereas, the A. marmelos treatment was found most promising against N. lugens. All the studied botanicals had less impact on natural enemies than synthetic chemical. The cost economics of major insect pests' management in rice revealed that Acephate 95 SG treatment recorded the highest Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio (1: 4.65) followed by A. indica (1: 3.74) and A. marmelos (1: 3.41).
The longitudinal association between reward processing and symptoms of video game addiction in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Lopez Daniel A. , Foxe John J. , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Thompson Wesley K. , Freedman Edward G.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims

Video games are a common form of entertainment in adolescents, which may result in gaming habits characterized by impairment to reward-related decision-making. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between reward processing and symptoms of gaming addiction in adolescents.

Methods

Data from three consecutive follow-up years (years 2, 3 and 4) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed (n = 6,143, total observations = 12,745, mean age at year-2 = 12 years). Participants completed the Video Game Addiction Questionnaire (VGAQ) at each visit. Discrete stages of reward processing were measured at the year-2 visit using the Monetary Incentive Delay task while the participant completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Bayesian hierarchical linear models were employed to examine the longitudinal association between reward processing in regions of interest at year-2 and VGAQ scores over time.

Results

Lower activation in the bilateral caudate during the anticipation of a large reward (β = −0.87, 95% CI: −1.68, −0.07) was associated with greater VGAQ scores over time. This implies that for each one-unit increase in brain activity in the caudate, there was an associated 0.87-point decrease in symptoms of gaming addiction as measured by the VGAQ. No association was found between reward feedback and VGAQ scores.

Discussion and Conclusions

The findings suggest that abnormal reward processing in the caudate nucleus is associated with symptoms of gaming addiction in adolescents. These results provide a clearer understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in gaming addiction, which could inform future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Az epehólyag adenosquamosus daganata
Authors: Hegedűs Fanni , Sejben Anita
Published: December 2024

Az adenosquamosus carcinoma az epehólyag-daganatok ritka altípusa, amely a
környező anatómiai struktúrákra is gyakran ráterjed, valamint az epehólyag
malignus tumoraihoz hasonlóan igen agresszív viselkedésű. A munkánkban
bemutatott 70 éves nőbetegnél hasi fájdalom miatt indult kivizsgálás, melynek
során képalkotó vizsgálattal az epehólyagfal kiszélesedésére derült fény. Az
epehólyagot a környező májparenchymával, valamint a per
continuitatem terjedés miatt a szomszédos vastagbéllel együtt
eltávolították. A szövettani vizsgálat epehólyag-kiindulású adenosquamosus
carcinomát igazolt. Az elszarusodás jeleit is mutató laphámcarcinomás
területeken p40 immunhisztokémiai vizsgálattal észleltünk pozitivitást. A
diagnózis felállítása óta eltelt 1 hónapban a beteg állapota stabil volt,
jelenleg adjuváns onkológiai kezelésben részesül. A rendelkezésre álló irodalmi
adatok alapján az epehólyag adenosquamosus carcinoma női predominanciát mutat, a
6–7. évtizedben jelentkezik. Az első tünetként a leggyakrabban hasi fájdalom
észlelhető. A jelenlegi WHO-klasszifikáció a laphámcarcinomás komponens arányát
legalább 25%-ban állapítja meg a szövettani vizsgálat során. A definitív
diagnózis felállításához szükséges az áttéti folyamat kizárása. Orv Hetil. 2024;
165(49): 1945–1950.
A gyógyszer-repozicionálás és klinikai diabetológiai vonatkozásai
Authors: Pokoly Bence , Somogyi Anikó
Published: December 2024

A gyógyszer-repozicionálás a gyógyszerfejlesztés különleges, mind gyakrabban
alkalmazott útja. Az eljárás eredményeként bizonyos betegségek kezelésére már
forgalomba került, illetve a fejlesztés különböző fázisaiban található
gyógyszereket, hatóanyagokat új, az eredetitől néha teljesen eltérő indikációval
kezdenek sikerrel használni. A közlemény első felében e folyamatról adunk rövid
áttekintést, vázoljuk előnyeit és lehetséges buktatóit. Az általános bevezető
részt követően számba vesszük a korábban antidiabetikumként forgalomba került
gyógyszerek újabb sikeres alkalmazási területeit, majd megemlítünk néhány olyan
készítményt, amely mára a diabetes mellitus kezelésében is felhasználhatóvá
vált, időközben felismert számottevőbb vércukorszint-csökkentő tulajdonságai
révén. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(49): 1919–1926.
Byler's disease: conservative and surgical treatment strategies
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Kurylo H.V. ,   Communal non-profit enterprise "Lviv Territorial Medical Association "Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital of Intensive Treatment Methods and Emergency Medical Care", Children's Surgery Center of the Separate Unit "Saint Nicholas Hospital", Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Byler's disease (BD) is rare and difficult for diagnosing hereditary cholestatic liver disease. Proper diagnosis, early correction and treatment (including liver transplantation (LT)) improves the quality of life (QoL), prevents irreversible liver changes, multiple organ failure and death.
Aim - to study the features of differential diagnostics, feasibility, terms, strategies, methods of conservative treatment, surgical correction (palliative surgery (PS), LT) in five children with BD.
Materials and methods. Five clinical episodes of chronic disease with data on hematological indicators during treatment, physical development (PD) (harmony, body mass index - BMI), neuropsychiatric development (NPD), QoL before treatment, after PS, after LT.
Results. Five clinical episodes of chronic disease were analyzed, one of which was fatal. All indicators (hematological, FD, NPD, QoL) improved after PS, but completely normalized after LT.
Conclusions. Differential diagnosis of severe hereditary rare disease progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (BD) is possible using genetic research methods as a marker of this disease among all cholestatic diseases in young children. The first clinical signs of the disease appear in the neonatal period and progress in the first months of life. Early modern diagnosis and diversion of bile prevent liver damage and death. Palliative surgical intervention is performed in the case of rapid progression of cirrhosis and the threat of liver failure as a temporary measure to better prepare the patient for transplantation and obtain the results of genetic analysis, carry out the necessary vaccinations and correct concomitant congenital and acquired diseases, improve PD, NPD, QoL, biochemical indicators, ultrasound data. LT is an effective method of radical treatment of BD, normalization of FD, NPD, QoL, biochemical and sonographic indicators.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for the research.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Expander reconstruction of tissues in children with pigment and vascular lesions
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benzar І.М. ,   National Children Specialized hospital OKHMATDYT, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khrapach V.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Sydorov V.O. ,   National Children Specialized hospital OKHMATDYT, Kyiv, Ukraine, Levytskyi A.F. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,   National Children Specialized hospital OKHMATDYT, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The main indications for surgical treatment of congenital nevi and vascular malformations of superficial tissues are the reduction of psychosocial problems (58%) and the achievement of aesthetic improvement (51%). In the case of large lesions, the problem is the replacement of large tissue defects, which can be solved using tissue expanders.
Aim - establishing the effectiveness and safety of expander reconstruction of surface tissues after removal of large and giant pigment and vascular lesions.
Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective study of 8 patients undergoing superficial tissues expander reconstruction in National children hospital OKHMATDYT in the period 2019-2023. Preoperative planning was carried out in order to determine the shape, size and volume of the expander.
The aim of the first operative intervention was the placement of the expander. During the second planned operation, the expander was removed, the walls of the formed capsule were damaged, a pigment or vascular lesions was completely or partially removed, and the formed flap was moved to the site of the tissue defect.
Results. 19 expanders were used in 8 children for the following indications: congenital nevi (n=6) and vascular malformations (n=2). The age of patients at the time of treatment was from 3 to 17 years. From 1 to 6 expanders were placed in patients. Round (n=1), rectangular (n=10), and sickle-shaped (n=8) expanders were used, the volume of expanders was from 100 to 500 ml. The duration of tissue expansion ranged from 34 to 63 days, on average 43±19. Complete removal of lesions was achieved in 6 (75%) patients, partial removal in 2 (10.5%). Complications that led to the removal of the expander occurred in 2 (10.5%) cases, in particular, hematoma and infection in the area of the scalp and in 1 (5%) case on the background of Herpes zoster infection.
Conclusions. Tissue expansions in order to replace large defects after the removal of pigmented and vascular lesions is safe, effective and aesthetic, as it ensures the replacement of the defect with homogeneous tissues. The overall complication rate was 10.5%. Limitation of tissue expansion use is the young age of the child, skin damage and insufficient area of healthy tissue.
The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.
No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Islamic Religious Education in the National Education System: Opportunities and Challenges for Character Building
Authors: Mubarak Muhammad Syauqi , Fauzi Muhammad Ridwan
Published: December 2024

This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the concept of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in the context of Indonesia's national education system. It analyzes the role of PAI in shaping the character, morals, and spirituality of students to produce individuals who are devout, pious, and possess noble character. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through interviews, direct observation, and analysis of relevant documents. The findings highlight that although PAI plays a crucial role in character development, there are challenges such as limited instructional time, lack of interest from students, and a disconnect between religious and general education. The study suggests reforming PAI through innovative teaching strategies, increased family support, and professional development for teachers. The research concludes that PAI has significant potential to contribute to character education in Indonesia, forming morally sound individuals who contribute positively to society.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam mengenai konsep Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam konteks sistem pendidikan nasional Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran PAI dalam membentuk karakter, moral, dan spiritual siswa untuk menghasilkan individu yang beriman, bertakwa, dan berakhlak mulia. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi langsung, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun PAI berperan penting dalam pengembangan karakter, terdapat tantangan seperti keterbatasan waktu pengajaran, rendahnya minat siswa, dan ketidakselarasan antara pendidikan agama dan umum. Penelitian ini menyarankan reformasi PAI melalui strategi pembelajaran inovatif, peningkatan dukungan keluarga, dan pengembangan profesionalisme guru. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa PAI memiliki potensi besar dalam pendidikan karakter di Indonesia, membentuk individu yang berakhlak baik dan berkontribusi positif bagi masyarakat.
Sikap Toleransi Dalam Film Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2
Authors: Widadi Indah Soful , Jamaluddin
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui:1. Persepsi peserta didik dalam pemutaran film ayat-ayat cinta 2, 2. Sikap toleransi peserta didik terhadap sesama, 3. Hubungan antara persepsi peserta didik dengan sikap toleransi peserta didik terhadap sesama. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Responden merupakan peserta didik kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung dengan jumlah 67 peserta didik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu: analisis parsial, uji normalitas data, uji linear, uji hipotesis, uji korelasi, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan: 1) realitas persepsi peserta didik dalam pemutaran film ayat-ayat cinta 2 termasuk kedalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 4,29 berada pada skala 4,20-5,00. 2) realitas sikap toleransi peserta didik terhadap sesama termasuk dalam kategori baik dengan rata-rata 3,63 berada pada sekala 3,40-4,19. 3) hubungan persepsi peserta didik dalam pemutaran film ayat-ayat cinta 2 dengan sikap toleransi peserta didik terhadap sesama termasuk dalam korelasi yang kuat dengan nilai uji korelasi 0,699 berada pada interval 0,60-0,80. Pengaruh variabel X terhada variabel Y sebesah 48,8% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktorlain.  Dari perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung 7.874 > dari t table 1.997 maka dapat disimpulkan Ha diterima artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara persepsi peserta didik dalam pemutaran film ayat-ayat cinta 2 dengan sikap toleransi peserta didik terhadap sesama.
Efforts to Improve Memorization of Hadith About Taqwa Through the Application of the Drill Method in Grade 4 Students of Al-Wathoniyah Ciasem Subang Elementary School
Authors: Pujiwati  , Herdi Asep
Published: December 2024

This study aims to improve the memorization of hadiths on piety among 4th-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Wathoniiyah Ciasem Subang through the application of the drill method. The drill method is a learning technique that emphasizes systematic and intensive repetition, believed to be effective in enhancing students' memory retention for memorized material. This research employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study are 25 fourth-grade students. The results indicate that the application of the drill method significantly improves students' ability to memorize hadiths on piety. This is evidenced by an increase in the average test scores of students' memorization results from the first to the second cycle. Additionally, students showed increased motivation and active participation in the learning process. The drill method not only helps students memorize faster but also strengthens their understanding of the content of the hadiths they memorize. Therefore, the implementation of the drill method has proven effective in improving the memorization of hadiths on piety among madrasah students. This method can serve as an alternative that teachers can adopt in teaching hadith memorization, particularly at the elementary school level.
Increasing access to comprehensive cleft lip and/or palate care in Colombia
Authors:   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, van der Werf Laura , Guerrero Cortés Edna Lucia ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Barreto Gaitán Vivian Alexandra ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Diaz Gil Andrea Carolina ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Sarmiento Viasus Olga Isabel ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Tibaquirá Diana Catalina ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Herrera Cepeda Mauricio ,   Fundación Operación Sonrisa Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
Published: December 2024

Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital cranial malformations. They occur in about 1.7 of every 1000 live births. Although it is likely to be under-reported, it is estimated that the prevalence of this condition in Colombia is 3.27 per 10,000 inhabitants.

Comprehensive care for these malformations requires multiple interventions by a specialized multidisciplinary team from pregnancy through adulthood. Ideally, these services should be organized around the patient's needs and provided by an interdisciplinary team of experts located in the same place who communicate directly with each other to make decisions together.