bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iniciación deportiva: la preocupación por el método es una reducción epistemológica
Authors: Hours Germán
Published: March 2019

La Educación Física se ha preocupado y ocupado desde hace mucho tiempo por encontrar las formas más generales de poder intervenir de manera general en las prácticas que aborda, en especial, las deportivas. Con la idea de iniciación deportiva, actualmente convertida en una corriente de enseñanza y una teoría sobre la enseñanza deportiva, todo el debate teórico sobre el deporte quedó reducido a la uestión metodológica. Desde la perspectiva con la que se configura este artículo, producto además de la investigación científica que lo posibilitó, este reduccionismo anula la posibilidad de la revisión metodológica, en especial porque el mismo es producto de una concepción natural del sujeto, las prácticas y el mundo. En definitiva, la iniciación deportiva y el deporte escolar se ubican dentro de esos cánones evolucionistas preestablecidos, adaptándose a los diferentes ritmos de maduración biológica del ser humano.
A gestão do evento Xterra Camp Paraná: Análise do seu impacto na perspectiva dos participantes
Authors: Bavaresco Gustavo , Carvalho Maria José
Published: March 2019

O estudo pretende ser um contributo para os gestores de eventos esportivos, a partir das perspectivas dos participantes no evento XTerra Camp Paraná que decorreu fora dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa descritiva, no qual se utilizou um questionário, revisado por professores universitários e gestores. Os principais resultados evidenciam (i) um perfil de participantes de maioria de sexo masculino e não residentes; (ii) valores de gastos entre 100 a 500 reais; e (iii) elevada satisfação com o percurso, organização do evento e região. Conclui-se que, na ótica dos participantes, o evento globalmente lhes agradou por ter tido uma organização eficiente e por terem vivenciado experiências na região ao nível turístico.
Análise do perfil dos corredores e eventos de corridas de rua da cidade de Curitiba-PR.
Authors: Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Da Rocha Francielli Ferreira
Published: March 2019

As corridas de rua estão cada vez  mais em evidência no cenário esportivo brasileiro e diversos fatores os motivam a pratica desta modalidade. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o perfil dos corredores e dos eventos de corrida de rua na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Foram  utilizados como fontes planilhas de controle interno, relatórios e calendário oficial fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Esporte, Lazer e Juventude (SMELJ). Os resultados demonstraram que a grande maioria dos corredores do circuito de corridas de rua de Curitiba é do sexo masculino, com predominância de idade entre 30 e 50 anos, foi possível ainda observar uma queda significativa na participação dos indivíduos cadeirantes e deficientes visuais nas corridas de rua de Curitiba. Concluímos que os dados encontrados nesse estudo apontam para características que sugerem a corrida de rua como sendo uma modalidade com praticantes com melhores condições financeiras e eventos denominados como corridas fashion.
Fatores associados à atividade física na deficiência visual
Authors: Lima Scherer Roger , Colussi Karasiak Fábio , Ferreti Borgatto Adriano
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Verificar os fatores determinantes para a prática de atividade física regular no lazer em adultos com deficiência visual da Grande Florianópolis. Método: Foi realizada uma entrevista pré-estruturada e validada com 168 adultos com deficiência visual, membros da Associação Catarinense para Integração dos Cegos. Resultados: 44% estão na faixa recomendável para o IMC e 30% são considerados ativos atualmente, diferentemente destes indivíduos na infância, quando 63% eram considerados ativos. Nas análises de razão de chances, encontrou-se que aqueles que apresentavam comportamento ativo na infância possuem menores chances de serem ativos na vida adulta e aqueles que possuem ensino superior completo ou pós-graduação e foram moderadamente ativos na infância possuem mais chances de serem ativos do que os demais adultos com deficiência visual. Conclusão: Estes resultados mostram o aumento significativo de sedentarismo, sobrepeso e obesidade neste segmento populacional, aumentando ainda mais as chances de desenvolverem doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Editor Chief
Published: March 2019

The editorial team of the journal would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2016.
Image Encryption Using Chaotic Cat Mapping in the Discrete Fourier Transform
Authors: Alzain Mohammed
Published: March 2019

The paper presents an secure image using the two dimensional chaotic cat mapping  (2D-CCM) in the Discrete Fourier Transform domain (DFT). The ciphering phase begins by applying the DFT on the plainimage to be encrypted and the resulted Fourier transformed image are scrambled using the 2D-CCM and finally an inverse DFT is applied to obtain the final encrypted image. The decryption phase applies a reverse  procedure to get the original plainimage. A set of encryption test experiments are employed to inspect the proposed DFT based 2D-CCM image cryptosystem. The experimental results verified and confirmed the superiority of the proposed DFT based 2D-CCM image cryptosystem.
Face Detection & Recognition using Tensor Flow: A Review
Authors: Chawla Ishaan
Published: March 2019

Face recognition has become a popular topic of research recently due to increases in demand for security as well as the rapid development of mobile devices. There are many applications which face recognition can be applied to such as access control, identity verification, security systems, surveillance systems, and social media networks. Access control includes offices, computers, phones, ATMs, etc. Most of these forms currently do not use face recognition as the standard form of granting entry, but with advancing technologies in computers along with more refined algorithms, facial recognition is gaining some traction in replacing passwords and fingerprint scanners. Ever since the events of 9/11 there has been a more concerned emphasis on developing security systems to ensure the safety of innocent citizens. Namely in places such as airports and border crossings where identification verification is necessary, face recognition systems potentially have the ability to mitigate the risk and ultimately prevent future attacks from occurring. As for surveillance systems, the same point can be made if there are criminals on the loose. Surveillance cameras with face recognition abilities can aide in efforts of finding these individuals. Alternatively, these same surveillance systems can also help identify the whereabouts of missing persons, although this is dependent on robust facial recognition algorithms as well as a fully developed database of faces. And lastly, facial recognition has surfaced in social media applications on platforms such as Facebook which suggest users to tag friends who have been identified in pictures. It is clear that there are many applications the uses for facial recognition systems. In general, the steps to achieve this are the following: face detection, feature extraction, and lastly training a model.
Technological Approaches in Applied Social learning
Authors: Umachandran Krishnan , P Amuthalakshmi , T Roosefert Mohan
Published: March 2019

Industry 4.0 covers the readiness of achieving expertise that impacts the society, strategy, talent and technology. Individual, social and economic demands pose ever-changing challenges for education and training even in today’s world. In spite of the shrinking rapidity, which progressively affects the cognitive, biological, and information offerings into the new insights on people learning, for an effective reformation to an even more miniature of scientific and technological connect, ultimately on the knowledge content. Today’s students will compete in a technological, diverse, multi-cultural world and must be prepared to thrive in that futuristic environment; therefore, it is vital that today’s pedagogy produce lifelong learners, who can succeed in a global arena. To ensure our educational technology progresses at the rate demanded by today’s ubiquitous digital learners, we are reviewing emerging technologies and traditional teaching methods and propose desirable changes. Further enhancement in student learning and outcomes through technology enabled learning builds alliances among institutional units, employers, community partners and provides the effective delivery of learning services and opportunities to students. Technology depends on the cleverness and the innovative application of theoretical tools from control and estimation for scalability through hierarchy and multi-modality. Educational technology enhances the learning experience for students, faculty, the university and community at large. Hence, to develop a richer context for student learning, covering societal inadequacies, injustices in empowerment to learning access among students, cross-cultural involvements, and opportunity to learn, we deliberate on the latest trends in pedagogy - intelligent tutoring systems and ICT integration that can be modified during their implementation to suit future needs for industry 4.0 requirements.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Editor Chief
Published: March 2019

The editorial team of the journal would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2017.
The effect of E-Learning on Teachers' Motivation: A case study in Jeddah University
Authors: Kaabi Hadhami , Alsulimani Tagreed
Published: March 2019

E-learning is  defined as a learning tool that is supported by information and communication technology. In the last ten years, E-learning has become the key issue of universities all over the world and has a significance impact on current higher education. The issue of utilizing novel information and communication technologies for teaching and learning, is therfore crucial. Before implementing an E-learning framework in Jeddah university, a questionnaire is established to highlight the ability of teachers' to use this new way of education or not. The results show that the teachers have favorable attitude towards the use of E-learning and new technologies to enhance the education.
I Investigating university teacher practice: A need for didactics
Authors: OUAILAL Salek
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Based on his position as a mathematician teacher at the university, the first year teacher sees discipline as a rigid base. Therefore, without any teacher training program, he promotes teaching on learning, trying to impart mathematical knowledge without specific didactical teaching tools. In a vision to develop professional skills of a reflective practitioner, we conducted a survey for teachers to gather information about their teaching practice and didactical underlying issues. The results show a need for a didactic training on teaching at the university.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Zhao Kewen
Published: March 2019

The editorial team of the journal would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2018.
Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Oleuropein and Vitamin C in Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Mohamed Nema Abdelhameed , Abdou Heba Mohamed , Marzouk Marium Mohamed
Published: March 2019

The present work was designed to study the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of olive leaf polyphenol (Oleuropein) and vitamin C in diabetic male rats. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. dose of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.). Pure oleuropein compound (5 mg/kg b.w.) and vit. C (150 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered once per a day for 15 days after diabetes induction. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a significant role in attenuating the blood glucose, insulin, pancreatic amylase, and hexokinase alterations and caused an elevation of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a hematopoetic action as documented by the increase in RBC, Hb, Hct, PLt, decrease in WBC and improved RBC structure. Oleuropein and vitamin C significantly attenuated the oxidative status of diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C improved the different changes in some cytokines and interlukines and decreases the gene expression of TNF-, COX2, and caspase3 involved in apoptosis and inflammation. The immunohistochemical sections of pancreas in the diabetic rats treated with oleuropein and vitamin C showed a high intensity of insulin in -cells. Oleuropein as a natural active compound has antioxidant activity more or less like vitamin C to attenuate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes.
The Role of Input in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Bahrani Taher , Nekoueizadeh Marziyeh
Published: March 2019

There are many internal as well as external factors which influence second language acquisition (SLA). Among them, the language input that learners receive in SLA is one of the external factors which plays a fundamental role. In this regard, Corder (1967) is one of the pioneers among SLA researchers who underscored the importance of language input for SLA by drawing a distinction between input and intake. According to Corder, language input refers to what is available to be utilized by language learners for SLA which should be differentiated from intake which is that part of the input which is comprehended by the language learners. In the same line, the present paper is an attempt to highlight the role of language input from the viewpoints of different SLA theories. The paper also focuses on Krashens input hypothesis as one of the influential hypothesis with regard to the role of language input in SLA development.
Cohesion and Coherence in the Writings of Iranain EFL Students
Authors: Arab Zouzani Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2019

This study was conducted in to investigate the relationship of cohesive chains and chain interaction to the coherence of texts. To do this, the following procedure was followed. First, 95 EFL students were asked to write a composition on a particular topic. These texts were scored by three experienced raters based on their perceived degree of coherence. The texts were then ordered from high to low. Thirty high-rated texts were labeled as group A, and thirty low-rated texts were labeled as group B. These texts were analyzed for the presence and frequency of cohesive chain and chain interaction based on the model proposed by Hassan (1989). After collecting the data and statistically analyzing them, the results showed that the texts getting higher coherence scores had a higher proportion of relevant tokens to peripheral ones and a higher proportion of central tokens to non-central ones in comparison to the low-rated texts. Therefore, cohesive chain and chain interaction can be used as an indicator of coherence and has pedagogical and theoretical implications.
A Comparative Study of Euphemism and Dysphemism in English and Arabic with Special Reference to Political Discourse
Authors: Mugair Sarab Kadir
Published: March 2019

This study aims at analyzing euphemisms in English and Arabic. Euphemisms address culturally sensitive areas and this is why they have not received a lot of academic attention from applied linguists in general and sociolinguists in particular. The study begins by listing the ways of forming euphemism in both English and Arabic. Then it sheds light on English Political euphemism for being a tool for political leaders to control information transmission. Based on some examples, this paper summarises three features which distinguish political euphemism from others. Then, it discusses pragmatically how political euphemism violates all the maxims of Grice's cooperative principle. We briefly discuss dysphemism and in which way its formation process is similar and different from euphemism. Such study of this linguistic phenomenon provides a proof that language is not only a reflection of the objective world but a process of social construction.
“Xaste Nabâši(D)” As A Culture Specific Speech Act In Persian
Authors: Moghaddam Masoume Khodaei , Elyasi Mahmoud , Sharifi Shahla
Published: March 2019

As different cultures have different speech acts and some cases of unsuccessful communication are due to the differences among the cultural patterns of speech acts, knowledge of these speech acts can help people to communicate more successfully. In this regard, the present paper ,based on Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory (1987), examines and analyzes œxaste nabi(d)  speech act in Persian language to come up with the functions it serves in the Iranian Persian-speaking community for those non-Persian speakers who want to speak or learn Persian. For this purpose, some native speakers of Persian language from different ages and different groups were ­observed in such natural settings as markets, shops, the streets, and parties and their speech was recorded; then transcribed and translated into English, finally, the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results show that, there are seven major functions of xaste nabi(d) in Persian which are as follows: In literal meaning of "not being exhausted or tired", phatic communication, greeting and sometimes to bid farewell, mitigating request, to state indirectly end of a work or an activity, thanking and blaming.

Finally, it is worth noting that we can define politeness in Persian language as using such politeness expressions (â€xaste nabi(d) not only for mitigating face threatening act (FTA), but also for face enhancing act (FEA) and successful interaction and communication. So incompatible with politeness definition of Brown and Levinson (1987) who consider politeness simply as a means of mitigating FTA, politeness in Persian is defined as FEA too.
The Psalms as Poems: A Case Study of Psalm 136
Authors: Dada Samuel Ayodele , Owoeye Omolara Kikelomo
Published: March 2019

The paper is an in-depth study of the one hundred and thirty-sixth Psalm of the Holy Bible from a linguistic lens view. Using a stylo-rhetorical approach to the analysis of the contents of this Psalm, the study discovers that the style and contents of the data are akin to that of many poetic works right from the time of English poetry in medieval times. Psalm 136 is essentially a ballad in terms of its tragic content. The story telling, tragic essence and lyrical content of the Psalm all combined to establish its poetic substance. The conclusion of the work is that Psalm 136, though written on and for religious worship, qualifies to be described as poetry.
Symbolic Code of S/Z: A Semiological Reading of James Joyces Two Gallants
Authors: Booryazadeh Seyed Ali , Faghfori Sohila , Zohdi Esmaeil
Published: March 2019

Like a number of other stories of Dubliners,Two Gallants because of it coded polyphony is debatable on the level of significance. It seems that the story strategically convey some crucial information to the reader by deciphering its symbolic codes. Accordingly, this study in accord with Roland Barthes semiology and specified codes in S/Z makes an attempt to explicate the symbolic codes and structural components that carry an invisible message of James Joycs Two Gallants.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Editor Chief
Published: March 2019

The Editorial team of the journal would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2014.
Cultural bias and the retention and organization of verbal information: A developmental perspective
Authors: Miller Paul , Awadie Nancy Joubran , Ibrahim Raphiq
Published: March 2019

This study explores how cultural disposition and education impact the ways individuals assimilate and organize information. Students from two cultural backgrounds (individualist, collectivist) and three levels of education (elementary school, high school and university) were tested in two experiments. Findings from Experiment 1, which used a short-term memory (STM) paradigm, revealed that, contrary to a widely held theory, culture per se does not seem to foster propensities toward the use of particular memory strategies. Experiment 2, which used a concept organization paradigm, suggests that, even if cultural/educational preferences bias individuals approach to information in some regards, such bias is overshadowed by and interacts with other more intuitive predispositions. Findings are discussed from a cultural and educational point of view.
Voiced and Voiceless Alveolar Stops of Kermani Accent in stressed and unstressed syllables
Authors: Masoumi Anis , Abolhasanizadeh Vahideh
Published: March 2019

This study aims to compare the voiced and voiceless alveolar stops of Kermani accent in stressed and unstressed syllables. Ten subjects with Kermani accent were asked to repeat 2 words and their plurals for three times. These words are minimal pairs and are different in the first phoneme. Also the effect of these phonemes on the F1, F2 and F0 of the following vowel is measured and compared in stressed and unstressed syllables. Results show that the mean VOT of [t] and [d] in stressed position is more than that in unstressed positions. Unlike F2, F0 and F1 of vowels following [t] and [d] in stressed syllables is more than that in unstressed syllables. Also F0 and F2 of vowels following [+voiced] alveolar stops are more than those following [-voiced] alveolar stops.
MOVIES: THE AESTHETIC INTERDISCIPLINARY DEVICE BRIDGING THE DIVERSITY GAP
Authors: Lu Lucia Y.
Published: March 2019

In the course of Exploring Social and Cultural Perspectives on Diversity, a course required for all students of education major, to enhance the teaching of the concepts of multicultural education, and the differentiation of culturally responsive strategies, the author as teacher educator and her students as teacher candidates supplement movies in this course conceptualizing pragmatics, semiotics and aesthetics into literacy education by inviting students of diversity to watch movies, talk about movies, write movies, and act movies. Pragmatics is the study of how language is used for communication in various social and cultural contexts; semiotics is the study of signs like languages, arts, music, dance, drama, films, and paralinguistics which includes the nonverbal communication signals, etc., that human created to mediate the world; and aesthetics is the artistic stance that learners take for responses to literacy experiences. The purposes of this study are multi-functional: to develop the multisensory acquisition of five literacy skills in thinking, listening, speaking, writing and reading in a pleasant and authentic discourse setting. Both students from diversity and mainstream cultures acquire natural language for social interaction. Based on research, most students from diversity need two years to develop the social language, while needing five years to obtain the academic language. The results from this research reveal that audio-visual approach in terms of movies fosters studentsâ€™ cultural awareness, expedites English as second language acquisition for social function toward academic success and globalization.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Editor Chief
Published: March 2019

The Editorial team of the journal would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2015.
RECONCILIATION IN IMPLICATURES: DIVERGENCE OF LANGUAGE USE IN DIALOGUES
Authors: Singh Lourembam Surjit
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes to investigate the theory of Gricean (1975, 1989) Figure of Speech within the framework of conversational implicatures in the dialogues of a very popular Manipuri Radio play. The Gricean figure of speech exploits or flouts the first maxim i.e. known as maxims of quality. In these maxims exploitation, he subsumes metaphor, irony, hyperbole and meiosis into implicatures as particularized implicatures to convey non-literal meaning. At the same time, in the figure of speech, he reconciled the implied meanings through his maxims and sub-maxims.It reveals divergence of meanings in language use, particularly in the study of dialogues in the play. When he reconciled the maxims of quality in various figures of speech, he flouted the maxims of truthfulness.
An Optimality Theoretic Account of Place and Voice Assimilation in Bushehri Dialects
Authors: Kambuziya Aliyeh Kord-e Zafaranlu , Aryaei Pegah , Khorshid Sahar Bahrami
Published: March 2019

This paper intends to illustrate an analysis about one of the Common Phonological Processes in some regional varieties of Bushehri: assimilation, in the framework of Optimality Theory (McCarthy 2008). Bushehr Province with an area of 23167 square kilometers is located in south Iran. Speakers in this province can be divided in two general branches: northern and southern branches. Speakers in northern branch speak a dialect like Luri. Speakers in southern branch speak dialects that are like what is common in Fars Province. One of the taxonomy of assimilation is related to the influence of the sound features on the process of assimilation. This type of classification of assimilation can be according to two major parameters, place and voice. In Bushehri dialects there is a place assimilation in acuteness and graveness features. Hyman (1975 :31) argues that both consonants and vowels differ in this acoustic property of graveness/ acuteness. In Bushehri variteis, the back round vowel [u] before [+acute] consonants changes to front unround vowel [i] that has [+acute] feature. Also in Bushehri dialects when voicless palatal [c] placed before a voiced consonant, or when voicless alveolar [s] placed before a voiced consonant, they take voice feature from the voiced consonant and change to their adjacent pair [z] and [Éˆ]. Assimilation between adjacent segments is driven by the family of agreement constraints: AGREE [F]. Ranking AGREE[x] above IDENT[x] guarantees assimilation, in the other word the final ranking is as follow: AGREE [x] >> IDENT [x].
The Comparative Study of Image Exaggeration in Old and New Iranian and Foreign Advertisement Based on Semiology
Authors: Hosseini Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Majidi Setareh
Published: March 2019

This article has studied the image exaggeration in Iranian and foreign advertisement based on semiology. This study included articles and books that were written about semiotics, advertisements, and also exaggeration. â€œAccording to study results, while old and new Iranian and foreign advertisement has differed in latest decades, all of them have used exaggeration but in other way. In addition, there is relation between scientific use of exaggeration and modern societies.
The Notion Of ˜Case From Traditional Grammar To Modern Grammatical Theories: A Critical Historical Review
Authors: Obiamalu Greg O.
Published: March 2019

The notion of case has been a controversial one, yet the grammatical terminology has survived right from traditional Grammar to the current grammatical theories. This paper critically examines the notion of case within different grammatical frameworks. Our interest is mainly on the role of syntax and semantics in case determination and the level of grammatical analysis (deep or surface) at which case is assigned. The paper looks at the notion of case as conceived in traditional grammar and the explores how the concept has been adapted to antecedent grammatical theories up to the Principles and parameters theory. The paper concludes that in all the grammatical models, Case has both syntactic and semantic relevance.
VOWEL HARMONY IN D&D (MO)
Authors: ADJEI-MENSAH MRS. SUSANA
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the existence of vowel harmony in a language spoken in parts of Brong Ahafo and Northern Regions of Ghana in West Africa. This qualitative research was conducted with the help of native speakers of the language. It was harmony as well as Cross-height vowel harmony exist in the language
DYSLEXIA AND SPELLING IN TWO DIFFERENT ORTHOGRAPHIES (GREEK VS. ENGLISH): A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS.
Authors: Baseki, PhD Julie , Andreou, PhD Georgia , Tzivinikou, PhD Sotiria
Published: March 2019

In our study spelling skills of 40 dyslexic (mean age 13,2 years) and 40 non dyslexic children (mean age 10,9 years) matched on the basis of their general level of language proficiency and foreign language acquisition, were assessed through a dictation passage spelling test and the composing of picture elicited narratives, in both Greek (L1) and English (L2). Results indicate that spelling performance is affected by the distinct nature of each orthographic system. In both groups, phonological errors were the least frequent type of spelling errors, while the predominance of morphological and etymological errors indicates both groups' persistent difficulties with applying linguistic rules and systematicities. As expected, dyslexics made more errors of all types despite the fact that the two groups' error profiles did not differ qualitatively. Finally, both groupsâ€Ÿ revising and pausing behaviour indicated that spelling has been the main concern for both dyslexic and non dyslexic writers and confirmed the dyslexics' deficient error detection mechanism.
AN EVALUATION OF FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTETO ENGLISH SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN THE UPPER PRIMARY PHASE OF AN URBAN SCHOOL IN NAMIBIA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mweneni Hautemo Ms. Aletta , Homateni Julius Mr. Lukas
Published: March 2019

Majority of Namibian learners are not native speakers of English, that is, they barely speak English in their homes. Yet English is the medium of instruction in many Namibian schools. Many Namibian learners therefore face the double challenge of acquiring the English as the language of teaching and learning (Medium of Instruction) and at the same time developing the appropriate reading and writing proficiency needed to meet the requirements of the curriculum. This situation has created numerous teaching and learning problems which ultimately contribute to poor literacy levels among many Namibian learners.This paper focuses on language acquisition and literacy. It explores factors that contributes to effective English language acquisition as well as investigate and evaluate how the school context supports English language acquisition of the Upper Primary learners at an urban school in Namibia. Since the study targeted young learners, it has covered their reading skills, reading tools and resources such as the library and classroom which provides a rich learning environment. A qualitative interpretive approach was used to explore the factors that contribute to effective learners English second language acquisition. The theoretical framework was informed by Krashens conception of acquisition (1981; 1982). Data collection methods consisted of questionnaires and interviews were used. The findings indicated that the provision of well-structured classroom activities containing comprehensible input structures a bit beyond the learners current level and a low affective filter to allow them to acquire the second language easily. Moreover, error-based activities help learners to test hypothesis, revise and modify them and in the process develop good language awareness skills that help them to acquire and learn the language consciously. This paper suggests that a good supporting environment for reading, which is scaffold by enough assistance by the teachers and peers helps learners develop good language acquisition and learning skills.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON TEACHING AND RESEARCH IN NIGERIAN HIGHER INSTITUITIONS.
Authors: AKINOLA OLADIPUPO ABDULLAHI , OYEBIMPE OYELEKAN CHARLOTTE , ADEWOLE ADEDEJI BABATUNDE
Published: March 2019

Social media is a communication tool that was originally designed as a way for friends, family, or other groups of people to engage in discussions and interactions. They allow members to explore new opportunities and experiences. However, social media sites have now become an invaluable tool for teaching, learning and research at all levels of education most especially, in higher institutions. This paper therefore identifies different types of social media that are predominant in Nigeria and also examine different ways of using them to enhance teaching and research in Nigerian higher institutions.
A Study of Gender Discourse in Zoya Pirzad Novels
Authors: Kazemi Dr. Foroogh , Dalaee Shohreh
Published: March 2019

In this article, two novels by Zoya Pirzad has been investigated considering Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis. This article is trying to show how ideology and power of male-characters have influenced on female-characters in these novels. This paper shows that males patriarchal dialogues that are influenced by society, law and ideology put female characters in challenge and pushes aside their dialogues. This paper has investigated the influence of tradition, culture, and ideology on family life and particularly on peoples linguistic interactions from gender point of view. It has been found that the dominant discourse is patriarchal and most of novel females are passive. The research method in this article is analytical and analysis unit is sentences and dialogues of Zoya Pirzads  two novels.
Saudi EFL Learners' Response to Different Grammar Tasks
Authors: Alanazi Sami
Published: March 2019

This study examines intermediate level adult EFL students in Saudi Arabia, and the effectiveness of task-based learning in relation to their understanding of English grammar. The students were given three different tasks related to negative adverbs, designed to help them learn past-tense verb forms in English. There were three groups of 20 students, all of whom were learning at the same level. The groups were:

Selected response group (SRG, n=20)

Constrained constructed response group (CCR, n=20)

Storytelling group (FRG, n=20)

Each group was given a pre-test to determine their level before the tasks, a test immediately after, and a delayed test. The selected response group (SRG) performed best on the tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of taskbased teaching in grammar acquisition. Students were chosen at random for an interview, in which their grammar knowledge was assessed. This produced results that mirrored those of the tests. It was also clear that the kinds of tasks chosen by teachers had an impact on the effectiveness of their lessons. This study provides EFL teachers with vital information they can use in learning design and lesson planning and gives EFL students information they can use to support their own learning.
A Linguistic History of Iraqi Arabic (Mesopotamian Arabic)
Authors: Albuarabi Saja
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work is to investigate the linguistic structure of Iraqi Arabic or what is known as Mesopotamian Arabic. The paper presents an overview of some of the fundamental analyses of Iraqi Arabic - Mesopotamian Arabic. This article is concentrated on the most important parts of the language which are the phonological, morphological, and syntactical features. The paper not only examines the linguistic feature of Iraqi Arabic but it also, discusses how Iraqi Arabic dialect is different from Modern Standard Arabic with data that are not considered before and with certain new theoretical proposals. The researcher analysis the three dialects, which are Baghdadi, Southern, and Maslawi dialect and provides an important data for each dialect. Unlike Modern Standard Arabic, Iraqi Arabic went through many changes. Phonologically, Iraqi Arabic has more consonants than Modern Standard Arabic, and a few additional long vowels. Many sounds have been replaced with different sounds. In addition, the words in Iraqi Arabic does not end with vowels. Therefore, words end with consonants rather than vowels in Iraqi Arabic. Morphologically, Iraqi Arabic is different from Modern Standard Arabic in the present progressive tense. In Iraqi Arabic, the tenses are formed by adding a prefix to the conjugated stem of the verb, which cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic. Syntactically, Iraqi Arabic differs from Modern Standard Arabic in two ways: first, there is no case marking; Iraqi Arabic does not show overt cases as it is found in Modern Standard Arabic. Second, Iraqi Arabic lacks agreement. Iraqi Arabic does not always follow the structure of verb-subject order as found in Modern Standard Arabic. The verb usually has full agreement with the subject in both orders, subject-verb, and verb-subject. Finally, Iraqi Arabic has an interesting feature which is head movement that cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic as Soltan argues. This is can be shown in the following example: [The student seems that ____ he read the book.] Among the other issues that the author discusses in this study is the history of Iraqi Arabic. In addition to the features of Iraqi Arabic and the effects of other languages, such as Turkish and Semitic languages on Iraqi dialects.
On Almost C(a)-Manifold Satisfying Some Conditions On The Weyl Projective Curvature Tensor
Authors: Yildirim Umit
Published: March 2019

In the present paper, we have studied the curvature tensors of almost C()-manifolds satisfying the conditions

P(,X)R = 0, P(,X) e Z = 0, P(,X)P = 0, P(,X)S = 0 and P(,X) e  C = 0. According these cases, we classified almost C()-manifolds.
Inverse Scattering with Non-Over-Determined Data
Authors: Ramm Alexander G.
Published: March 2019

The results of the author’s theory of the inverse scattering with non-over-determined data are described.
Unexplained Temporal Effects Recorded by The Torsind at Syzygies
Authors: Pugach Alexander F.
Published: March 2019

Observations of the torsion balances` and the torsind`s behavior at the moments of the solar and lunar eclipses, the transit of Venus, the occultation of Venus by the Moon were performed. It is shown that in the most cases the devices reaction to these phenomena either outstripped or lagged behind the actually observed phenomenon. The statement is substantiated that the torsind reacts to non-electromagnetic radiation of an unknown nature, arising in the outer space surrounding the Earth.
Acoustic Tunnelling of Internal Gravity waves in the stratified fluids
Authors: Hv Gangamani
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on the study of acoustic propagation of internal gravity waves which generates small scale variations through propagation and hence can obtain transmission co-efficients using N2 buoyancy frequency variation of a compressible stratified fluid for a small regions. We have also analysed the results using the asymptotic expansions for large compressible limits. The reduction of the transmission in the N2-barrier region for the density layers sandwiched along with acoustic waves is obtained through graphs for different density barrier regions. The dispersion characteristics shows the contours of the transmission in the wave number plane. The curves for ! < N0 are hyperbolic, representing internal gravity waves as these become the dispersionwaves for an incompressible fluid and the curve with ! > N0 are ellipsoids which represent the acoustic gravity or infrasonic waves for the cut off frequency
Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Efficiency of Olive Leaves Extract and Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles using Electrochemical Method
Authors: Ahmed Moustafa Tawfik
Published: March 2019

The present work involves the improvement of chitosan-olive leaves extract and silver nanoparticles (Cs-OLE-AgNPs) using electrochemical approach followed by UV-irradiation reduction. The formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), EDX, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Swelling. The obtained nanoparticles average size was 36.19 nm. UV Spectroscopy show increase of peaks at 320 and 345 nm indicate the formation of a large cluster of AgNPs. Cs-OLE and Cs-OLE-AgNPs also demon started a relativity high antibacterial against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. AgNPs show broadspectrum antibacterial activity at lower concentration (0.56%) and may be regarded as a good alternative therapeutic approach in the future.
Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of MnO2 / MWCNTs/PVA Nanocomposite
Authors: Elmahy Safaa Kamel
Published: March 2019

Manganese dioxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes MnO2/ MWCNTs nanocomposite are synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallographic information of the acid-treated MWCNTs and the MnO2/ modified MWCNTs nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),Transmission electron microscope (TEM )and  FT-IR spectra. Optical and electrical properties of MnO2 / MWCNTs / PVA nanocomposite thin film with different concentration were studied .UV-VIS absorption spectra shift, at different exposing time , indicated the sensitivity to UV radiation. Optical band gap decreases with increasing time of radiation.  Electrical properties of MnO2 / MWCNTs / PVA nanocomposite thin films with different concentration according to different frequency and exposing time of UV radiation   showed semiconducting properties and sensitivity to UV radiation.
the Cause To The Tides
Authors: Van Zanten Leonard
Published: March 2019

Current theories towards the cause of the tides show to be contrary to the laws of nature and that of motion. The correct version for the tides are herewith shown with supporting evidence.
Is the criminal justice system blind to race and ethnicity?: The case of fatal work accidents in the construction industry
Authors: Shoham Efrat , Nictora Eitan
Published: March 2019

Despite growing media and public interest in recent years in the issue of fatal work accidents in the construction industry, there in fact has been an upswing in the number of fatalities. The construction industry is a dangerous industry for workers, and about half of the fatal work accidents in Israel take place there. This study was designed to examine how the law enforcement system handles cases of fatal work accidents, where most of the workers are foreign workers. The article examines whether there is a difference in the criminal procedures between work accidents and road accidents, which are not identified with a particular demographic sector. The study findings showed that there is a significant link between the type of fatal accident and the identity of the victim, and the decisions made during the criminal proceedings for a fatal work accident as compared to a fatal road accident. The findings partially correspond with the assumptions of the Marxist structural school of victimology, which sees a relationship between the victim's social status and the way the criminal justice system handles the case. Although based on a relatively small sample, these findings indicate that there is a need to substantially strengthen and regulate the investigative and criminal aspects of the treatment of fatal work accidents in the construction industry.
Modern approaches to the rationing of managerial labor
Authors: Latypov Rinat Tavzikhovich , Yadransky Dmitry Nikolaevich , Chumak Elena Vasilievna
Published: March 2019

Article deals with the modern management problem associated with improving the accuracy of the ration of managerial work. Emphasis is on the need to move from the rationing of the working day to the rationing of individual labor functions (operations). The subject of the article is contradictions arising in the process of integration of quantitative and qualitative methods of research of the work process. The main purpose of the article is to create the author's concept of overcoming contradictions between the existing methods of regulation managerial labor and the practical need of enterprises in developing these norms. Concept is based on the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative methods. The methodological framework of the study consists of the concept of foreign and domestic researchers involved in the issues of labor rationing and management efficiency. The problem of the article lies in the fact that the existing approaches to standards of management personnel are not sufficiently adapted to solving problems in conditions of intellectual labor. The cause of the problem is seen as the need of enterprises to improve the efficiency of not individual employees involved in management issues, but of the entire business process management. In combination with the totality of such general scientific and special methods of cognition, such as dialectical, systemic, descriptive, theoretical modeling, the article offers approaches to eliminate this contradiction. The main conclusion of the article is the necessity of application of two-stage approaches to the valuation of managerial work, where the first phase involves a qualitative analysis of the structure of the business process, is conducted after the close study of the cost of labor in the performance of these functions. The article defines the limitations of the application of this method and offers recommendations for its integration with methods of studying the cost of working time. As the resulting conclusions, it is proposed to apply not for all business processes but for the most significant for the organization. This method will optimize the costs of rationing, and explore only the largest (and, accordingly, costly) business processes for an organization. The basis of this method is the ranking system proposed in the article. It is also insisted that in modern management practice it is inappropriate to control individual participants in a business process (jobs). It is necessary to standardize the entire business process with its further distribution among the performers.
A dignidade da morte
Authors: Zimkovicz Sabrina , Bueno Mariza Schuster
Published: March 2019

Qualquer procedimento médico, terapêutico ou interventivo sobre o paciente deve estar voltado à preservação da dignidade da pessoa humana submetida aos instrumentos de manutenção vital. Tratamentos terapêuticos altamente invasivos podem não representar solução adequada ao futuro da restauração física do paciente. Em muitos casos, mesmo após a utilização de vários instrumentos para restauração da capacidade física e mental do paciente terminal, a situação apresentada não justifica a continuidade da utilização dos meios terapêuticos invasivos. Projetos pioneiros no Brasil vêm estabelecendo a implementação de políticas públicas de saúde denominadas de cuidados paliativos. A proposta é garantir a terminalidade da vida com qualidade, livre da dor e em ambiente que respeite a autonomia do paciente. Essa determinação pela não sujeição a tratamentos de prolongamento da vida e da dor, pode ser manifestada em instrumento denominado de diretivas antecipadas de vontade. O modelo, por representar a interrupção ou suspensão dos procedimentos e terapêuticas médicas, permite que a doença siga seu curso normal o que resultará na morte do paciente.

Palavras-Chave: Cuidados Paliativos. Direitos Fundamentais. Sistema Único de Saúde.