bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CDCAS Framework: Integrating the Stages of Change Model and the INCOME Framework to Inform Treatment of Individuals with a Substance Use Disorder and Disability
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Lucas Terri
Published: July 2022

Employment has been indicated as a contributor to positive outcomes for both people with substance use disorders and those with disabilities. However, there is a disconnect between vocational rehabilitation services and substance use treatment. This paper will present a new theoretical framework for working with individuals with both a substance use disorder and a disability. This new framework (The CDCAS Framework) integrates the Stages of Change Model for working with individuals with addictions and the INCOME framework for working with individuals with a disability to inform a new treatment modality for people with a substance use disorder and a disability.
Fine Motor Therapy Using Avatar-based AI for Autistic Children (Virtual Reality)
Authors: Shri I.T. Akshayaa Raaja , S. Kamalee , B. Rahul , S.R. Menaka
Published: July 2022

People who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently encounter situations in which they must give answers but are unsure of howto do so, such as questions from strangers about routine daily activities. ASD is a spectrum disorder that is characterised by impairments in social interaction and repetitive patterns of behaviour. The potential of the experience as a learning tool was increased with the addition of virtual reality (VR) support, which increased the experience's sense of presence and realism. Research that aims to use technology to improve social and communication deficits in autistic children is currently in progress.Immersive virtual reality (VR) is a relatively new technology that may be an effective therapy tool for helping autistic youngsters learn a variety of skills. The interactive scenario-based VR system described in this research was created to help autistic kids communicate more effectively. The HTC Vive Pro serves as the virtual reality headset for the game, which is currently being created using the Unity game engine. In order to test this "REAL-TIME project" and confirm the impact of the immersive environmenton the social performance of autistic children, the system makes use of speech recognition to allow natural interaction and turn-taking. In this project, we create and model a virtual kind of fine motor therapy for kids.The kids will get to experience animmersive VR environment full with fun games, interactions, and educational opportunities.
Prospecção Geoeconômica e do Grau de Inovação do APL Eletrometalomecânico de Luzerna – SC: estudo exploratório para a estratégia da inovação
Authors: Saraiva Illyushin Zaak , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza
Published: July 2022

Este artigo analisa a balança comercial geoeconômica de Luzerna – SC, município com elevadíssima concentração industrial no setor Eletrometalomecânico que se destaca pelo maior número de Startups/habitante do Brasil, além do melhor IDEB Escolas Municipais de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa é exploratória e documental sobre registros do Executivo Municipal e acesso a dados secundários da SECEX e outras fontes, compondo banco de dados com informações longitudinais do comércio exterior do município e dados transversais de alta profundidade sobre produção/consumo industrial relativos a uma amostra de indústrias locais. O principal resultado é um modelo comparativo da balança comercial geoeconômica, com o grau de inovação e os territórios de destino e origem dos produtos comercializados pelo APL de Luzerna. Conclui-se pela excepcionalidade da economia de Luzerna, dado o elevado valor agregado dos produtos exportados, sua complexidade e o conhecimento embarcado, e propõem-se diretrizes para a Estratégia da Inovação do território.
Sinergismo do Licopeno e Outras Drogas Contra o Câncer: uma prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Sousa Antônio Kleiton de , Magalhães Diva de Aguiar , Perfeito Marcia Luana Gomes , Sousa Stefany Guimarães
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo prospectivo sobre a utilização do licopeno, com atividade antitumoral comprovada em literatura, em adição a outras drogas antitumorais no combate ao câncer. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas nos bancos de dados de patentes como INPI, USPTO, Espacenet e WIPO, bem como em artigos científicos nas bases PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, Scopus e Scielo, com o uso de palavras-chave e de operadores boleanos específicos, utilizados no campo de busca relativo ao título ou ao resumo dos arquivos. Verificou-se um baixo número de documentos referentes à aplicação do licopeno contra o câncer e a inexistência de patentes explorando o potencial sinérgico com outras drogas. Além disso, nas bases de dados de artigos científicos e patentes, foram encontrados poucos arquivos relacionados com a atividade anticâncer do licopeno e seu efeito sinérgico, reforçando o caráter inovador das pesquisas que envolvem o uso desse carotenoide.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Dispositivo Microfluídicos Empregados na Detecção de Metais Pesados
Authors: Soares Maria Helena Gomes , Ferreira Júnior Jose Guimarães , Abreu Fabiane Caxico , Meneses Diógenes
Published: July 2022

Ao longo dos anos, o desenvolvimento de dispositivos microfluídicos surgiu como uma plataforma promissora para análises e diagnósticos do tipo point-of-care que abrange diversas áreas de aplicação, por exemplo, a química e a física. Neste trabalho, realizou-se o levantamento prospectivo tecnológico de dispositivo microfluídicos utilizado para detecção de metais pesados, tendo o papel como matéria-prima principal. A execução das buscas de patentes e artigos ocorreu em diferentes bases de dados, utilizando as palavras-chave microfluidic device AND heavy metal AND paper. Essa temática tem atraído atenção no meio acadêmico, como observado no Scopus, com o número de publicações de 3.361 documentos, com os países líderes China e Estados Unidos, enquanto o número de patentes publicadas conforme o WIPO é de 3.396, destacando países como Estados Unidos e Austrália. No Brasil, há um crescente interesse nesse cenário por meio do desenvolvimento e do aperfeiçoamento do dispositivo.
Prospecção de Programas ou Ferramentas para Gerar Acordos de Parceria para PD&I
Authors: D'Aguila Marcelo Campos , Filgueiras Rogério de Andrade
Published: July 2022

Os acordos de parceria são instrumentos utilizados para o desenvolvimento de atividades conjuntas de pesquisa científica e tecnológica, além de desenvolvimento de tecnologia, produto, serviço ou processo para inovação entre parceiros públicos e/ou privados, como preceitua e Lei de Inovação. O objetivo desta pesquisa exploratória foi prospectar informações sobre os acordos de parcerias e a existência de eventuais ferramentas ou programas de computador que facilitem a formalização desses instrumentos. Os resultados encontrados ou a falta de identificação de resultados, como evidenciado, denotam a existência de poucas ferramentas associadas ao tema, que é de grande relevância para as Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs). Dessa forma, como notado, é importante o desenvolvimento de ações para apropriação do tema por parte dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica (NITs) e Institutos de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs), bem como o desenvolvimento de ferramentas ou programas de computador que possam auxiliar o estabelecimento dessas relações.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Dispositivos Didáticos Direcionados para o Ensino da Dinâmica Rotacional na Disciplina de Física
Authors: Silva Jean Duarte , Gaspar Guilherme Tadaki Tazo , Silva Alecsandro Marian da , Stein Cléver Reis
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar o levantamento das patentes atreladas ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos didáticos, aplicados ao ensino de Física, relacionados ao tema torque e princípio das alavancas, tópicos esses pautados dentro do conteúdo da dinâmica rotacional. Almeja-se com esta prospecção mapear o estado da arte das tecnologias disponíveis para o ensino de Física, assunto torque, e proporcionar um direcionamento para o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos nessa área de pesquisa. O estudo tem como metodologia uma análise prospectiva das tecnologias voltada para o ensino de torque, considerando as patentes do banco de dados Espacenet a fim de verificar o que existe no cenário internacional. Verificou-se que a China é um destaque na quantidade de patentes publicadas não só dessa tecnologia, mas também de outras aplicadas no ensino de Física. Este estudo apresenta como resultado algumas patentes que possuem como destaque construção simples e com materiais de baixo custo.
QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO E A PROIBIÇÃO DO FUTEBOL FEMININO NO BRASIL PELO DECRETO-LEI Nº 3.199/1941
Authors: Nunes Cecília Franco Paes
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo tem por objeto discutir as construções socioculturais de gênero que impõem ao corpo feminino o exercício constante de controle, a sua adequação compulsória a papéis específicos e a sua relação com a proibição da prática do futebol feminino constante no art. 54 do Decreto-Lei nº 3.199 de 1941. A referida vedação, que passou a viger no contexto histórico da ditadura do Estado Novo durante o governo de Getúlio Vargas (1937-1945), teve por fundamento justificativas biológicas e de ordem moral, funcionando como óbice legal à prática do futebol pelas mulheres num período em que o controle dos corpos e da autonomia feminina representava matéria de ordem pública. O presente artigo irá, então, analisar como a lógica da desigualdade de gênero opera através da exclusão das mulheres de determinados espaços e o seu reflexo no âmbito do futebol feminino brasileiro quando da proibição da sua prática na ditadura estadonovista.
DESIGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NO BRASIL
Authors: SOARES ALISSON DA COSTA , O' DE ALMEIDA GABRIELLE SOUZA
Published: July 2022

Os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável publicados no ano de 2015 buscam assegurar os direitos humanos e alcançar a igualdade de gênero, através das três dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável: econômica, social e ambiental. Partindo do pressuposto de que no Estado brasileiro se percebem altos índices de desigualdade de gênero, a presente pesquisa busca atestar esse fator como impeditivo para a concretização da meta 5.1 proposta pela Agenda 2030, tendo em vista o elevado grau de discriminação e violência estrutural existentes. Nesse mesmo sentido, vislumbra-se de grande importância encarar a relação entre os índices alarmantes da violência de gênero perpetuada no Brasil, tendo em vista a relevância da temática para compreender o fenômeno da ideologia de discriminação em razão da identidade de gênero, da raça, e da orientação sexual. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á da pesquisa teórico-documental, de forma que o método utilizado fora o qualitativo-descritivo, posto que se pautou em uma proposta jurídica que perpassou pela análise da estrutura normativa, quer seja, a meta 5.1 dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável prevista na Agenda 2030, bem como à discussão concernente às dificuldades para que se concretizem no território pátrio em razão dos índices alarmantes no que se refere à desigualdade de gênero.
Modelling habitat suitability for a potential flagship species, the hooded capuchin, of the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Lusseau David
Published: July 2022

The hooded capuchin (Sapajus cay) is an adaptable, generalist primate species found throughout eastern Paraguay with preferences for the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest (BAAPA). BAAPA is one of the world's most critically endangered terrestrial habitats with more than 90% of its original cover lost to industrial agriculture. Given its charismatic characteristics, the capuchin species is a candidate flagship species for this ecoregion; however, its habitat preferences in BAAPA degraded fragments are unknown.

We develop a species distribution model using MAXENT to determine the remotely sensed microhabitat features associated with habitat suitability in forests that had experienced different levels of degradation. The model was fitted to presence‐only observations at two sites, Rancho Laguna Blanca and Nueva Gambach, to determine how hooded capuchin distribution is associated with remotely sensed habitat features in BAAPA fragments.

Wetness (mean and standard deviation), a measure of soil moisture and canopy closure, was found to be the most important driver at both sites. The capuchins showed a preference for more mature forest, bamboo dominated forest and flooded forest (that has experienced little selective logging in the past).

The capuchin was a forest obligate species and avoided crop fields. The monkeys were less likely to be found in degraded areas, even though they were still forested. As Paraguayan deforestation involves the creation of large crop fields separating BAAPA fragments, the probability that the hooded capuchin can move between those fragments is low.

The hooded capuchin is a candidate flagship species for an agroforestry reforestation programme to reconnect BAAPA fragments. We propose that combining native tree corridors with shade grown yerba mate and slash pine plantations would create habitat for the capuchin and other wildlife while helping to alleviate poverty in the area and the pressure that this causes on the forests’ natural resources.
NIR‐II Photo‐Amplified Sonodynamic Therapy Using Sodium Molybdenum Bronze Nanoplatform against Subcutaneous Staphylococcus Aureus Infection
Authors: He Xiaojun , Hou Ji‐Ting , Sun Xiaoshuai , Jangili Paramesh , An Jusung , Qian Yuna , Kim Jong Seung , Shen Jianliang
Published: July 2022

Ultrasound (US)‐mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the advantages of non‐invasiveness and deep tissue penetration. Nanosystems are prominently used in sonosensitization; however, most nano‐sonosensitizers have a low reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, thus restraining the application of SDT. Sodium molybdenum bronze nanoparticles (SMB NPs) with rich oxygen vacancies are developed and interlayer gaps of molybdenum trioxide nanobelts are expanded. Owing to the increased oxygen vacancy density and wide interlayer gap‐induced narrower band gap of SMB NPs, the electrons (e–) and holes (h+) generated by US are separated more rapidly, and oxygen vacancies prevent electrons–holes recombination under US irradiation. SMB NPs exhibit a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photothermal effect to promote the generation of ROS by the sonosensitizer. The SMB NPs system is successfully realized to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and dissipate biofilm. Therefore, multimodal therapy using SMB NPs serves as an effective and promising regimen for deep‐seated bacterial infections. The newly developed Mo‐based sonosensitizer is presented for the first time to demonstrate excellent antimicrobial activity through hyperthermia‐promoting SDT therapeutics. This work proposes a novel strategy in the field of NIR‐II photo‐amplified SDT with Mo‐based materials for bacterial eradication and other important biomedical applications.
Fabrication and Surface Modification of Niobium Metal–Organic Framework Membrane and its Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Nizamidin Patima , Yang Qin , Guo Caiping , Wufuer Anaerguli , Yimit Abliz , Muhammad Turghun
Published: July 2022

The niobium metal–organic framework (Nb‐MOF = [Nb2(bdc)2(NDI)]n) membrane, constructed from terephthalic acid(bdc) and 1,8,4,5‐naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (NDI), is in this work grown on the surface of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) film composite optical waveguide (COWG) substrate using UV‐light illumination method. After growing for 20 min, the Nb‐MOF membrane forms as a graphene‐like structure with 50 nm pore size and 96 nm thickness. At room temperature (25 °C), in terms of COWG sensors, Nb‐MOF exhibits the greatest response to H2S and SO2, followed by ethylenediamine (EDA) and NO2, coexistence with 15 kinds of benzenes, amines, and acidic gases. In order to improve its response selectivity, the spirooxazine (SP) is embedded into the Nb‐MOF frame, and a SP@Nb‐MOF membrane COWG with smooth‐snowflake imprinted surface is obtained. In gas sensing performance, the obtained COWG shows the greatest response to H2S, while the response of SO2, NO2, and other gases are obviously diminished. When the SP@Nb‐MOF membrane exposes to H2S gas, proton‐transfer and morphology modulation are induced. The presented sensor also shows a wide detection range (1 × 104–0.1 ppb), fast response (4 s), and long‐term stability of 120 d to H2S at room temperature (25 °C) and 25% relative humidity.
Substrate Modification for High‐Performance Thermoelectric Materials and Generators Based on Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Composite
Authors: Huang Hongfeng , Chen Zhanhua , Chen Xiaomin , Jin Jiaoying , Huang Si , Wang Dagang , Wang Lei , Liu Danqing
Published: July 2022

Polymer and carbon nanotube composites have aroused extensive attention for thermoelectric materials owing to the combination of low thermal conductivity of polymer and high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes. Surface properties of the substrate are of great importance for the charge transport behaviors of semiconducting thin films, which are less explored in thermoelectric applications. Herein, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are used to modify the substrate for thermoelectric polymer composites. The trifluoromethyl (CF3)‐terminated SAM is beneficial for an improved electrical conductivity; while the SAM with amino group is found to improve their Seebeck coefficient and decrease the electrical conductivity. As a result, polymer composites on CF3‐SAM‐modified substrate show a high room‐temperature power factor of 285 µW m−1 K−2 and a large output power of 2.36 µW for thermoelectric generator at a temperature gradient of 50 K. This work demonstrates that surface modification by SAMs is a promising strategy for improving performance of thermoelectric materials and devices.
The E3 Ligase TRIM4 Facilitates SET Ubiquitin‐Mediated Degradation to Enhance ER‐α Action in Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Dianwen , Wang Lijuan , Long Li , Su Peng , Luo Dan , Zhang Hanwen , Li Zheng , Chen Bing , Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiaolong , Liang Yiran , Li Yaming , Hu Guohong , Yang Qifeng
Published: July 2022

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α) action is critical for hormone‐dependent breast cancer, and ER‐α dysregulation can lead to the emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy. Here, it is found that TRIM4 is downregulated in tamoxifen (TAM)‐resistant breast cancer cells, while the loss of TRIM4 is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that TRIM4 increased ER‐α expression and the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAM. Mechanistically, TRIM4 is found to target SET, and TRIM4‐SET interactions are mediated by the RING and B‐box domains of TRIM4 and the carboxyl terminus of SET. Moreover, it is determined that TRIM4 catalyzed the K48‐linked polyubiquitination of SET (K150 and K172), promoting its proteasomal degradation and disassociation from p53 and PP2A. Once released, p53 and PP2A are able to further promote ESR1 gene transcription and enhance mRNA stability. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses confirm that TRIM4 expression is an independent predictor of overall survival and recurrence‐free survival outcomes in patients with ER‐α positive breast cancer. Taken together, the data highlights a previously undiscovered mechanism and suggest that TRIM4 is a valuable biomarker that can be analyzed to predict response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients.
Inverter and Ternary Content‐Addressable Memory Based on Carbon Nanotube Transistors Using Chemical Doping Strategy
Authors: He Nian , Yuan Qi , Wang Yufei , Sun Yanmei , Wen Dianzhong
Published: July 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention in transistors because of their unique structure and electrical properties. However, the implementation of transistor polarity control and complementary logic functions remains a key challenge. In this work, the polarity of carbon nanotube transistors using chemical doping strategy is modulated. By triethyl oxonium hexachloro antimonate doping and polyethylene imine doping with chemically modified, p‐type CNTs and n‐type CNTs as the transistor channel of the bottom gate structure field effect transistors are prepared. An inverter is constructed by connecting p‐type transistor and n‐type transistor in series. The inverter has a voltage hysteresis window and gain over 20.5. A Schmitt trigger with operating frequency over 2 MHz is built based on high‐low conversion of inverter output voltage during dual‐scan has different threshold voltage characteristics. Two inverters are used to construct a ternary content‐addressable memory cell with four transistors, which has an on/off ratio up to 104, a data retention characteristic of 104 s, and a good stability of more than 1000 cycles, indicating the great potential of practical application in future computing‐in memory.
Emerging Organic Surface Chemistry for Si Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances, Prospects, and Beyond
Authors: Chen Zidong , Soltani Askar , Chen Yungui , Zhang Qiaobao , Davoodi Ali , Hosseinpour Saman , Peukert Wolfgang , Liu Wei
Published: July 2022

Due to its uniquely high specific capacity and natural abundance, silicon (Si) anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has reaped intensive research from both academic and industrial sectors. This review discusses the ongoing efforts in tailoring Si particle surfaces to minimize the cycle‐induced changes to the integral structure of particles or electrodes. As an upgrade or alternative to conventional coatings (e.g., carbons), the emerging organic moieties on Si offer new avenues toward tuning the interactions with various battery components that are key to electrochemical performances. The recent progress on understanding Si surfaces is reviewed with an emphasis on newly emerged diagnostic tools, which increasingly points to the critical role of organic components in stabilizing Si. The detailed analysis on the chemistry–structure–performance relationships in Si surface are discussed and the successful cases demonstrating the functions of the organic layers are provided, that is, via tailored interactions toward electrolyte or binder or conductive agents, are recapped. Various synthetic strategies for designing the surface organic layers are discussed and compared, highlighting the versatility and tunability of surface organic chemistry. The holistic considerations and promising research directions are summarized, shedding light on in‐depth understanding and engineering Si surface chemistry toward practical LIBs application.
Anatomy applied to image diagnosis of the hind limb in the black‐striped capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus Spix, 1823)
Authors: de La Salles Ana Y. F. , de Andrade Jéssica K. , de Souza Joyce G. , Freitas Kelvis de B. , Carreiro Artur da N. , Veloso Edson V. L. , Rocha Ediane F. , Klem Marcius A. P. , Mendonça Fábio T. M. , de Menezes Danilo J. A.
Published: July 2022

The knowledge of anatomy and imaging exams emerges as an important tool in the study of evolutionary processes of a species, in the elaboration of diagnosis, and the successful choice of the appropriate clinical and surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aims to describe the osteology of the hind limb of Sapajus libidinosus by means of gross, radiographic, and tomographic images. Four cadavers were used in the macroscopic analysis and five animals for the imaging exams, of which four were eventually euthanized and added to the macroscopic study. For imaging exams, they were kept anesthetized. All bones of the hind limb were documented, their structures were described, and compared with data in the literature from human and nonhuman primates. We have performed Student's t test for independent samples. There was no statistical difference between the sexes regarding the length of the hind limb bones. The coxal bone was largely well described using imaging methods. A small penile bone was present at the tip of the penis and it could be identified by all analysis methods. The femur, as well as the tibia and fibula, were not well portrayed in their proximal and distal epiphyses by radiography (Rx). However, they were well identified on tomography. No third trochanter was observed in the femur and the patella had a triangular shape. All the structures described by gross anatomy of the tarsus and metatarsus could be identified by Rx and tomography. More subtle structures, such as the popliteal notch on the tibia, and the gluteal tuberosity pectineal line and facies aspera on the coxal bone, were not identified by medical imaging. S. libidinosus presented anatomical characteristics that were similar to those of larger New World and Old World monkeys, including man. This suggests it's value as an experimental model for studies in recent primates.
Hydrogen Spillover and Its Relation to Hydrogenation: Observations on Structurally Defined Single‐Atom Sites**
Authors: Hülsey Max J. , Fung Victor , Hou Xudong , Wu Jishan , Yan Ning
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen spillover, involving the transfer of H atoms from metal sites onto the catalyst support, is ubiquitous in chemical processes such as catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogen storage. Atomic level information concerning the kinetics of this process, the structural evolution of catalysts during hydrogen spillover, as well as the nature of participation of the spilled over H in catalysis, remain vastly lacking. Here, we provide insights to those questions with a solubilized polyoxometalate‐supported single‐atom catalyst which allows for the use of characterization techniques generally inaccessible to the study of heterogeneous catalysts. Hydrogenation kinetics together with poisoning studies further reveal that hydrogen spillover can be either detrimental or beneficial for catalysis, the direction and magnitude of which depends mostly on the nature of the reducible functional group. Similar trends were observed on one of the most prototypical hydrogen spillover catalysts—Pt/WO3.
Temperature Dependent Properties of the Aqueous Electron**
Authors: Lan Jinggang , Rybkin Vladimir V. , Pasquarello Alfredo
Published: July 2022

The temperature‐dependent properties of the aqueous electron have been extensively studied using mixed quantum‐classical simulations in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions based on one‐electron pseudopotentials. While the cavity model appears to explain most of the physical properties of the aqueous electron, only a non‐cavity model has so far been successful in accounting for the temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum. Here, we present an accurate and efficient description of the aqueous electron under various thermodynamic conditions by combining hybrid functional‐based molecular dynamics, machine learning techniques, and multiple time‐step methods. Our advanced simulations accurately describe the temperature dependence of the absorption maximum in the presence of cavity formation. Specifically, our work reveals that the red shift of the absorption maximum results from an increasing gyration radius with temperature, rather than from global density variations as previously suggested.
Upgrading Organic Compounds through the Coupling of Electrooxidation with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Li Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2022

The electrocatalytic splitting of water is recognized to be the most sustainable and clean technology for the production of hydrogen (H2). Unfortunately, the efficiency is seriously restricted by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. In contrast to the OER, the electrooxidation of organic compounds (EOO) is more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Thus, the coupling of the EOO and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has emerged as an alternative route, as it can greatly improve the catalytic efficiency for the production of H2. Simultaneously, value‐added organic compounds can be generated on the anode through electrooxidation upgrading. In this Minireview, we highlight the latest progress and milestones in coupling the EOO with the HER. Emphasis is focused on the design of the anode catalyst, understanding the reaction mechanism, and the construction of the electrolyzer. Moreover, challenges and prospects are offered relating to the future development of this emerging technology.
Recent advances in the application of nanocatalysts in C‐N coupling reactions
Authors: Rangraz Yalda , Heravi Majid M.
Published: July 2022

The development of various methodologies for the formation of carbon‐nitrogen bonds is one of the valuable tasks in the field of organic synthesis because the final products are extensively utilized in pharmaceuticals, biologically active compounds, and natural products. The utilization of nanosized metal catalysts with high surface energy, large surface‐to‐volume ratio, excellent thermal stability, and reactive morphology in C‐N cross‐coupling reactions has received considerable attention, in recent years. The excellent catalytic performance, the high yield of products, carrying out the reactions under relatively mild and ligand‐free conditions, and less toxicity to the environment, recoverability, and reusability of catalysts for several times without a remarkable degradation in activity are advantages of these nanocatalysts.

This review intends to summarize the latest progress in the fabrication of nanocatalysts and their applications in the construction of carbon‐nitrogen bonds via cross‐coupling reactions. Abundant nanocatalysts based on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles/complexes including copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, zirconium, and zinc have successfully been applied in these reactions. Various aspects of the reactions, different strategies of fabrication of nanocatalysts, and their recyclability have been surveyed. Literature has been investigated from 2015 to 2021.
Synthesis of new N‐(3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)pyridine‐3‐carboxamide derivatives and evaluation of their anti‐influenza virus and antitubercular activities
Authors: Cihan‑Üstündağ Gökçe , Acar Çiğdem , Naesens Lieve , Erköse‑Genç Gonca , Şatana Dilek
Published: July 2022

We here report the synthesis, structural characterization, and evaluation of the antiviral and antitubercular activities of a novel series of hybrid spirothiazolidinone derivatives (2a–f and 3a–f) containing the nicotinohydrazide moiety, which is an isomer form of the approved antitubercular drug isoniazid. When evaluated for activity against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses, three of the new compounds proved to possess specific antiviral activity against the influenza A/H3N2 virus. The most active analog 3a, bearing a 2,8‐dimethyl group at the spiro ring, displayed an antiviral EC50 value of 5.2 µM. Compound 3a produced no cytotoxicity at 100 µM, the highest concentration tested, giving a selectivity index of at least 19. Structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the absence of the methyl substituent at the 2‐position and the presence of a bulky substituent at the 8‐position of the spirothiazolidinone system caused a significant decrease in antiviral activity. The in vitro antitubercular activity of compounds 2a–f and 3a–f was determined for six different drug‐sensitive/drug‐resistant laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 2c, 2d, 3b, 3c, and 3d showed weak antitubercular activity against different strains, with MIC values of 125–250 μM.
An improved output feedback controller design for linear discrete‐time systems using a matrix decomposition method
Authors: Goyal Jitendra Kumar , Aggarwal Shubham , Sachan Ankit , Sahoo Pradosh Ranjan , Ghosh Sandip , Kamal Shyam
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the design of output feedback controllers for discrete‐time (DT) linear systems. New sufficient LMI conditions are derived for designing static and controllers using decomposition of an auxiliary matrix. The decomposition facilitates linearization of nonlinear term of reduced size to obtain linear matrix inequality criteria. This leads to less conservative results as shown in the numerical examples. In addition, the proposed static output feedback criteria is also used for designing dynamic output feedback controllers for DT systems. Furthermore, a comparative study is also made for the proposed design method with the results existing in the literature. Finally, a DT static output feedback controller is designed for a quarter‐car suspension system. Simulation results are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed design method.
Electronic, transport, magnetic, and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons and their optical sensing applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pratap Surender , Kumar Vipin , Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Gwag Jin Seog , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: July 2022

Low dimensional materials have attracted great research interest from both theoretical and experimental point of views. These materials exhibit novel physical and chemical properties due to the confinement effect in low dimensions. The experimental observations of graphene open a new platform to study the physical properties of materials restricted to two dimensions. This featured article provides a review on the novel properties of quasi one‐dimensional (1D) material known as graphene nanoribbon. Graphene nanoribbons can be obtained by unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNT) or cutting the graphene sheet. Alternatively, it is also called the finite termination of graphene edges. It gives rise to different edge geometries, namely zigzag and armchair, among others. There are various physical and chemical techniques to realize these materials. Depending on the edge type termination, these are called the zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR and AGNR). These edges play an important role in controlling the properties of graphene nanoribbons. The present review article provides an overview of the electronic, transport, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons. However, there are different ways to tune these properties for device applications. Here, some of them, such as external perturbations and chemical modifications, are highlighted. Few applications of graphene nanoribbon have also been briefly discussed.
Wet chemical synthesis of BiPO4:Eu3+ phosphor for w‐LED application
Authors: Nandanwar Chandrahasya M. , Yerpude Atul N. , Kokode Namdeo S. , Dhoble Sanjay J.
Published: July 2022

The synthesis of BiPO4:Eu3+ phosphors has been achieved via a wet chemical process. X‐ray diffraction patterns show that the phase of the as‐prepared samples matches very well with the standard BiPO4 structure. At 395 nm, the highest excitation intensity was observed. Following 395 nm excitation, two characteristic emission peaks at 592 nm and 616 nm were shown. At 0.5 mol% of Eu3+ ions, concentration quenching occurred. The particle size is within the micrometre range, according to the scanning electron microscope magnification. The chromaticity coordinates for wavelengths 592 nm and 616 nm are (x = 0.586, y = 0.412) and (x = 0.682, y = 0.317), respectively. The findings imply that the prepared phosphor may be used to create white light‐emitting diodes.
PDCD10promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma by inhibiting apoptosis and activatingEMTpathway
Authors: Xu Ke , Fei Wenchao , Huo Ziqi , Wang Shuoer , Li Yinghua , Yang Gong , Hong Yang
Published: July 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma, a common primary malignant tumor, occurs in children and adolescents with a poor prognosis. The current treatment methods are various, while the five‐year survival rate of patients has not been significantly improved. As a member of the programmed death factor (PDCD) family, programmed death factor 10 (PDCD10) plays a role in regulating cell apoptosis. Several studies of PDCD10 in CCM and cancers have been reported before. However, there are no relevant research reports on the effects of PDCD10 on osteosarcoma.

Methods

We used bioinformatics analysis, IHC, and clinical data to confirm the expression of PDCD10 and its correlation with prognosis in osteosarcoma. Then, we used shRNAs and cDNA to knock down or overexpress PDCD10 in U2OS and MG63 cell lines. A series of function assays such as CCK8, Wound healing test, Plate cloning formation assay, and Transwell were done to confirm how PDCD10 affects osteosarcoma. Animal assays were done to confirm the conclusions in cell lines. At last, WB was used to measure the protein expression levels of apoptosis and the EMT pathway.

Results

PDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma and correlated with prognosis; PDCD10 knockdown inhibited osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion; PDCD10 overexpression promoted osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments confirmed the conclusions in cell lines; PDCD10 inhibited apoptosis and activated the EMT pathway.

Conclusions

In this study, it was found that PDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma, and it was closely related to patient prognosis. PDCD10 inhibited tumor cell apoptosis and promoted tumor progression by activating the EMT pathway. These findings may provide a potential target for gene therapy of osteosarcoma.
A comparative study of diagnostic accuracy in 3026 pleural biopsies and matched pleural effusion cytology with clinical correlation
Authors: Poon Ivan K. , Chan Ronald C. K. , Choi Joseph S. H. , Ng Joanna K. M. , Tang Katsie T. , Wong Yolanda Y. H. , Chan Ka Pang , Yip Wing Ho , Tse Gary M. , Li Joshua J. X.
Published: July 2022

Background

Pleural effusion can be caused by a wide range of benign and malignant conditions. Pleural biopsy and effusion cytology represent two key methods of pathological diagnosis. To compare the performance these two methods, a large cohort of matched pleural biopsy and effusion cytology with clinical follow‐up was reviewed.

Methods

Pleural biopsies and effusion cytology specimens over a period of 18 years were retrieved. Cytology specimens collected within 7 days of pleural biopsy were matched. Reports were reviewed, and the cause for pleural effusion was determined by hospital disease coding and clinical data.

Results

Totally, 3026 cases were included. The leading cause of benign effusion was tuberculosis (n = 650). Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) was more common in older females (p < 0.001) and mostly due to lung cancer (n = 959), breast cancer (n = 64), and mesothelioma (n = 48). The inadequate/insufficient (B1/C1) rate of biopsy was higher than cytology (15.6% vs. 0.3%) but the rates for other diagnostic categories were similar. Biopsy and cytology showed a correlation coefficient of 0.315, improving to 0.449 when inadequate/insufficient (B1/C1) cases were excluded. The ROM for benign cytology (C2) was lower than biopsy (B2) (p < 0.001). Compared with biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy was higher in cytology overall and for metastatic carcinomas (p < 0.001) but lower for hematolymphoid malignancies (p = 0.014) and mesotheliomas (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

These results suggest that effusion cytology may be better for confirming benignity and diagnosing carcinomatous MPE. In these cases, pleural biopsy may be withheld to reduce procedural risks. However, for suspected hematolymphoid malignancies and mesothelioma, biopsy should be considered.
Determination of 5‐Formyluracil via Oxime‐Based Nucleotide‐Metal Coordination
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Fu Boshi , Zou Guangrong , Yang Wei , Yan Shen , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang
Published: July 2022

2‐(Aminooxy)‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)acetamide was synthesized, and its ability to regulate activities of DNA polymerase was tested. In addition, we used the isothermal amplification technology to detect the content of 5‐formyluracil sites in irradiated genomic DNA, which confirmed its capability for the detection of 5‐formyluracil content in general samples. This study presents the first example of the determination of 5fU based on coordination chemistry.
Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Electro‐Oxidative Alkane Fluorination by C(sp3)−H Cleavage
Authors: Stangier Maximilian , Scheremetjew Alexej , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2022

Electrochemical fluorinations of C(sp3)−H bonds with a nucleophilic fluoride source have been accomplished in a chemo‐ and site‐selective fashion, avoiding the use of electrophilic F+ sources and stoichiometric oxidants. The introduced metal‐free strategy exhibits high functional group tolerance, setting the stage for late‐stage fluorinations of biorelevant motifs. The synthetic utility of the C(sp3)−H fluorination was reflected by subsequent one‐pot arylation of the generated benzylic fluorides.
Internet of Flying Things security: A systematic review
Authors: Jameii Seyed Mahdi , Zamirnaddafi Romina Sadat , Rezabakhsh Reza
Published: July 2022

Today, with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play a significant role in terms of stability, reliability, connectivity, and coverage. The integration of UAVs and IoT led to the Internet of Flying Things (IoFT). Internet of drones (IoD) is an infrastructure that provides access and control over the Internet between users and drones. One of the most critical challenges in IoFT and IoD is security. In this article, a systematic review is proposed to analyze the existing literature in the field of IoFT and IoD security. We explain the research methodology including the article selection process and the search queries. Thirteen articles were selected out of 166 articles that were published between 2019 and September 2021. Furthermore, the security approaches in the selected articles are classified into five main categories: security vulnerability and eavesdropping, security realization by Blockchain, secure trajectory and secure communication link, authentication and privacy approaches, and security‐enhanced resource allocation. The main ideas, advantages, disadvantages, the employed tools, and evaluation parameters of each selected article are also discussed in detail. Finally, we point out the open issues and orientations of future researches.
Combining Unique Planar Biaxial Testing with Full‐Field Thickness and Displacement Measurement for Spatial Characterization of Soft Tissues
Authors: Pearce Daniel , Nemcek Mark , Witzenburg Colleen
Published: July 2022

Soft tissues rely on the incredible complexity of their microstructure for proper function. Local variations in material properties arise as tissues develop and adapt, often in response to changes in loading. A barrier to investigating the heterogeneous nature of soft tissues is the difficulty of developing experimental protocols and analysis tools that can accurately capture spatial variations in mechanical behavior. In this article, we detail protocols enabling mechanical characterizations of anisotropic, heterogeneous soft tissues or tissue analogs. We present a series of mechanical tests designed to maximize inhomogeneous strain fields and in‐plane shear forces. A customized, 3D‐printable gripping system reduces tissue handling and enhances shear. High‐resolution imaging and laser micrometry capture full‐field displacement and thickness, respectively. As the equipment necessary to conduct these protocols is commercially available, the experimental methods presented offer an accessible route toward addressing heterogeneity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Unique biaxial testing of soft tissues and tissue analogs

Basic Protocol 2: Full‐field thickness measurement of soft tissues and tissue analogs

Support Protocol 1: Creating and speckling cruciform‐shaped samples for mechanical testing

Support Protocol 2: Creating custom gripping system to minimize sample handling
T‐17, a novel cyclin‐dependent kinases/histone deacetylases dual inhibitor, induces cancer cells death through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Long Rui , Li Xiaoli , Jiang Junhao , Chen Huali , Tian Binghua , Long Binyu , Yu Yu , Gan Zongjie
Published: July 2022

Combination of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors may have statistical synergy in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. Herein, a novel CDKs/HDACs dual inhibitor T‐17 was rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Our results demonstrated that T‐17 concurrently exhibited potent and balanced inhibitory activity against CDKs (IC50 = 18.0 nM) and HDACs (IC50 = 6.6 nM) and also displayed good cell viability inhibitory effect on four cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, T‐17 blocked the MDA‐MB‐231 and A549 cell cycle at G1 phase and S phase, respectively. In addition, T‐17 induced MDA‐MB‐231 cells apoptosis and inhibited the HDACs and CDKs mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we also found that T‐17 had good antitumor activity in vivo. In summary, these results indicated that T‐17 would be a promising lead compound which deserves further research.
Distinct and enhanced hygienic responses of a leaf‐cutting ant toward repeated fungi exposures
Authors: Goes Aryel C. , Kooij Pepijn W. , Culot Laurence , Bueno Odair C. , Rodrigues Andre
Published: July 2022

Leaf‐cutting ants and their fungal crops are a textbook example of a long‐term obligatory mutualism. Many microbes continuously enter their nest containing the fungal cultivars, destabilizing the symbiosis and, in some cases, outcompeting the mutualistic partners. Preferably, the ant workers should distinguish between different microorganisms to respond according to their threat level and recurrence in the colony. To address these assumptions, we investigated how workers of Atta sexdens sanitize their fungal crop toward five different fungi commonly isolated from the fungus gardens: Escovopsis sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma spirale, and Syncephalastrum sp. Also, to investigate the plasticity of these responses toward recurrences of these fungi, we exposed the colonies with each fungus three times fourteen days apart. As expected, intensities in sanitization differed according to the fungal species. Ants significantly groom their fungal crop more toward F. oxysporum, M. anisopliae, and Syncephalastrum sp. than toward Escovopsis sp. and T. spirale. Weeding, self‐, and allogrooming were observed in less frequency than fungus grooming in all cases. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in the overall responses after repeated exposures for each fungus, except for Escovopsis sp. Our results indicate that A. sexdens workers are able to distinguish between different fungi and apply distinct responses to remove these from the fungus gardens. Our findings also suggest that successive exposures to the same antagonist increase hygiene, indicating plasticity of ant colonies' defenses to previously encountered pathogens.