bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagenesis of the triassic carbonate rocks from the Golo Bardo Mountain, Southwestern Bulgaria
Authors: Belivanova Veneta
Published: January 2023

The Golo Bardo Mountain is located to the Southeast of the town of Pernik (South-western Bulgaria). It is built up completely of Triassic sediments. Limestones and dolomites predominate. The diagenesis of the Triassic carbonate rocks from the Golo Bardo Mountain is studied for the first time. Six sections are investigated. The spectrum of diagenetic events includes textural changes and authigenic mineral formation. They are represented by transformation of bioskeletal aragonite into calcite, compaction, cementation, recrystallization, dolomitization, silicification, albitization, pyritization. Transformation of bioskeletal aragonite into calcite is established both in non-washed allochemic sediments and washed high-energy sediments. Cementation, dolomitization and recrystallization are the most common processes and are typical of the whole Triassic section. Calcite cements occluded the original pore space, filled secondary voids and post-lithification fractures in those rocks. Fibrous to bladed, syntaxial and blocky cements are established. Nonplanar polymodal and unimodal textures are characteristic for the Triassic dolomites in the mentioned region. Nonplanar boundaries are characteristic of growth at elevated temperature (> 50° C) and/or high supersaturation. Recrystallization concerns matrix, cement and some bioclasts. Full recrystallization without traces of any primary textural elements is very rarely observed. Formation of authigenic albite is of local significance. The chemical composition of the mineral obtained by three electron microprobe analyses is: Na20 – 11.66%; Al2О3, - 20.67%; SiО2 – 67.67%. Chemically it is defined as pure albite (Na0.99 Al1.06 Si2.95 О8). Silicification is not a common process. It concerns both matrix and allochems, usually in low-energy nonwashed sediments. The type of bioskeletal fragments probably is of no importance for that process. Pyrite is present almost everywhere in the Triassic carbonates but in unimportant amounts. Fine grained aggregates, pseudomorphs on bioclasts (mainly foraminifers) and single cubic crystals are observed. Pyrite is established both in micritic carbonate matrix and in recrystallized sparitic parts of the same matrix.
Varshets and Slivnitsa – new localities of Villafranchian vertebrate fauna from Bulgaria (taxonomic composition, biostratigraphy and climatochronology)
Authors: Spassov Nikolai
Published: January 2023

Two recently discovered rich Bulgarian localities have been studied and described as localities of Villafranchian fauna - Varshets and Slivnitsa. They represent two faunistic complexes immediately succeeding one another in time. Varshets is a Late Pliocene locality. After its fauna it ought to be referred to the biochronological zone MNQ 17, that may be subdivided into two successive subzones. It seems that the fauna of this locality is earlier than that of the marker locality St.-Vallier. The fauna of Varshets numbers more than 100 taxa of vertebrates, including 18 species of Macromammalia. The faunistic complex presupposes a mosaic landscape of open spaces and forests or an open ("park") type of forests. After the climato-stratographic subdivision, the fauna falls at SCT12, or even more probably, at the beginning of SCT11. The locality of Slivnitsa refers to the the very end of the Pliocene and the Late Villafranchian. The fauna consisting of 19 species of Macromammalia too, times it to the beginning of the zone MNQ 18, which probably ought to be also divided into subzones – MNQ18a = Seneze Unit (Final Pliocene) and MNQ18b = Olivola Unit (probably Earliest Pleistocene). The time of this fauna corresponds to the intermediate cooling during the Beregovka warming that falls on the superclimatheme SCT10. The predominance of Bovidae, that are typical of the open spaces, indicates more aridic climate than Varshets. Slivnitsa and Seneze are the earliest localities where the first migration wave of Canis s.str. has appeared from the east. This wave having been spread in most regions of Europe at the beginning of the Pleistocene. It seems that Slivnitsa is also the earliest locality reflecting the appearance of the genus Panthera on the continent.
Toarcian and Aalenian ammonites in a part of the Western Stara Planina Mts., Bulgaria (taxonomy, stratigraphy)
Authors: Metodiev Lubomir
Published: January 2023

This paper presents biostratigraphic data on the Toarcian and Aalenian ammonites in the clayeycalcareous and marly sediments of the Boukorovtsi Member of the Ozirovo Formation and Etropole Formation in a part of the Western Stara Planina Mts. Harpoceras falciferum, Hildoceras bifrons, Haugia variabilis,Grammoceras thouarsense, Dumortieria levesquei, Dumortieria moorei, Pleydellia aalensis, Ludwigia murchisonae and Graphoceras concavum Zones have been established and described. That zonal scheme has been correlated to the zonations of different authors in the North-West Europe. About 40 species of 18 genera, refereed to the families Phylloceratidae, Dactylioceratidae, Hildoceratidae and Graphoceratidae have been determined and 24 of them have been established or described at first in Bulgaria. The boundary between the Toarcian and Aalenian has been biostratigraphically traced.
Climate evolution during the Sarmatian of North-Eastern Bulgaria (acording to sedimentological data)
Authors: Koleva-Rekalova Elena
Published: January 2023

The climate evolution during the Sarmatian of North-Eastern Bulgaria is inferred mainly on sedimentological data. They include detailed investigations on sedimentary rocks from the Euxinograd, Odurtsi, Topola and Karvuna Formations. It is proved that the climate during the Sarmatian was predominantly humid - from temperate to subtropical, with an exception of the Late Bessarabian, when it was arid. The temperatures and humidity gradually increased from the Volhynian to a considerable part of the Bessarabian. During the Late Bessarabian the temperatures remained high, but the himidity drastically decreased (climate aridization). In the beginning of the Chersonian the humidity again increased, whereas the temperatures gradually decreased, and during the Middle Chersonian they were considerably lowered.
Empirical analysis of influencing factors of carbon emissions in transportation industry in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Zhong Mingchun , Que Linzhi , Lian Guofu ,   School of Economics and Trade, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China,   School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
Published: January 2023

The transportation industry has become an important source of carbon emissions with rapid economic development and the acceleration of urbanization. Identifying the key factors of carbon emissions is crucial for energy conservation, emission reduction and green development in the transportation industry. Here, variance analysis was used to study the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the transportation industry in Fujian Province, China. The results showed that transportation efficiency have the most significant impact on carbon emissions, followed by carbon emission intensity in transportation, and then the transportation structure. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction between transportation efficiency and structure. Therefore, innovative energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies for transportation efficiency should be studied as the focus for the green and low-carbon development of the transportation industry.
SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Cardio-Renal Metabolic Pill
Authors: Krishnan Rekha , Subramanian Rashmi , Selvarajan Raja
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular disease and renal disease continue to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, despite decades of research into risk-reduction approaches. sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for improving blood sugar control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM Four types of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin) inhibit SGLT-2 protein expression in renal proximal convoluted tubules, reducing filtration glucose resorption, decreasing Renal Glucose Thresholds (RTG), and increasing urinary glucose excretion. As cardiovascular and renal disease are closely linked to metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, these conditions can be considered cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states. Patients with cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states need a holistic approach to managing their disease states. In this article, we discuss the cardiovascular and renal metabolic risks associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and discuss the mechanism and clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Key words: sodium-glucose transport protein 2; glycemic control; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease.
To See the Effects of Aerobic Exercise Alone, Resistance Exercise Alone and Its Combination on HR, RR, BP, SPO2, BMI, LDL and HDL in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Haider Khalida , Jahan Shabnam Jahan , J. Jaya Prakash
Published: January 2023

Background: Physical activity plays an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes patients which has an impact on its metabolic responses and can favorably change abnormal blood glucose and insulin resistance. Goal of the study was to investigate the effects of three different modalities of exercise i.e. aerobic and resistance exercise and combination of both exercises on cardio respiratory fitness levels in type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: A randomized control trial in which 40 Subjects with type type 2 DM were selected for the study for 8 weeks of exercise training. Participants were randomly distributed into the four groups each having 10 subjects (Group A-AT, Aerobic training), (group B-RT, Resistance training), (Group C-ATRT, combined –Aerobic Training-Resistance training.) and (Group-D control Group) .All subjects were evaluated for the outcomes measures for Cardio respiratory fitness level evaluation before the commencement of training (pre-training) and at the end of 8-week of training period (post-training).
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Within group analysis showed that both the treatments were equally effective in improving the dependent variables for type 2 DM patients.The results showed significant effect in cardio respiratory fitness levels on AT alone and RT alone than ATRT combined.
Conclusion: The primary outcome of the current study demonstrates that AT alone or RT alone was particularly more effective than combined ATRT in improving CRF in type 2 DM individuals which is defined as having low CRF by established clinical cut points, with a significant number of participants with type 2 diabetes traversing out of low CRF categories.

Key words: DM- diabetes mellitus, AT-Aerobic training, RT-Resistance training, ATRT-Aerobic training Resistance training, CRF-Cardio respiratory fitness level
The Concept of Zone of Proximal Development and its Derivatives: Problems and Prospects of Modern Interpretations
Authors: KOLLY-SHAMNE ANZHELIKA
Published: January 2023

The study is devoted to the theoretical and methodological analysis of the concept of zone of proximal development, which is of great practical importance for education since it explains the mechanism of the influence of learning on the development of a student. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyse the current content and trends in the development of this concept and its derivatives. In this context, the classical ideas of L.S. Vygotsky on the zone of proximal development and the zone of present development, their indicators, and essential characteristics, including the evolution of the methodological status of the concept of zone of proximal development in psychology and pedagogy are analysed. Modern derivatives of the concept of zone of proximal development (scaffolding, zone of free movement, zone of prompted actions, zone of negative development, zone of variable development, zones of intermental development in the dialogue between teachers and students, etc.), its connections and correlation with these related and interrelated concepts are analysed. Based on the theoretical analysis, the psychological, didactic, and heuristic potential of the concept zone of proximal development is determined, in particular, its use as a methodological tool for developing projects in various fields of practice and branches of psychology. The latter is demonstrated by the example of student learning. The problem points and paradoxes of the modern understanding of the concept of zone of proximal development are also identified. The problem analysis is organised around the following subjects: the potential of the dual-plane zone of proximal development, the problem of its individualisation, the problem of social competence of interaction subjects that creates this zone, the zone of proximal development in the context of symmetrical-asymmetric learning and the quality of communication with peers in the group, the problem of the specific features of the zone of proximal development of an adult or an elderly person, the problem of moral competence and the inconsistency of the phenomenon of learning as a potential to change under external guidance. The obtained scientific results will be useful both for modern theorists of teaching and educating young people, and for teachers and psychologists working in educational institutions of various levels
The Role of Cognitive Distortions in Young Women’s Body Image Perception
Authors: YABLONSKA TETIANA , KACHENIUK ANASTASIIA
Published: January 2023

The analysis of modern psychological research and the practice of psychological assistance indicates the relevance of the problem of body image, especially for girls and young women. Therewith, most of the available papers focus on the study of the body image of adolescent girls, which makes it necessary to clarify the predictors of body image in other age periods. The purpose of the study is to highlight the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the role of cognitive distortions in the perception of the body image of adolescent girls. The methodological basis of the research was T. Cash’s cognitive-behavioural concept of understanding body image, the interpretation of psychological mindedness by H. Conte, and A. Freeman’s theory of cognitive errors. The role of various factors in the perception of body image is considered: 1) cognitive distortions as one of the predictors of an irrational strategy of human behaviour and thinking; 2) interest in one’s own personality and understanding of one’s own experiences as a factor of full self-acceptance. A Multidimensional Body-Self Relations QuestionnaireAppearance Scales by T. Cash, Cognitive error questionnaire by A. Freeman and R. DeWolf, psychological mindedness scale by H. Conte, and the author’s questionnaire were used. The study confirmed the influence of social stereotypes on the perception of young women’s own body image. In particular, it is identified that a substantial number of respondents (78.3%) emphasise the existence of social standards and express a desire to lose weight or change the shape of their bodies. It was determined that 71% of respondents have a normal body weight, which does not require changes in terms of health. Correlation analysis showed weak to moderate associations between women’s psychological mindedness indicators and how they perceive their own bodies. A comparison of groups of women who expressed a desire to change their own bodies with women who did not have such a desire identified substantial differences between these groups in the severity of cognitive distortions, such as catastrophisation (p ≤ 0.01) and trust in criticism (p ≤ 0.05). The use of regression analysis confirmed the substantial impact of catastrophisation on how respondents perceive their own body image. There is also a moderate association between catastrophisation and the desire and willingness to discuss their own experiences, which should be considered when creating methods of psychological assistance for women with an irrational perception of their own body image
Value-Semantic Preconditions of Professional Success of the Individual: Gender Measure
Authors: ALEKSEEVA ANNA
Published: January 2023

The study is devoted to the examination of personal factors of professional success, namely the relationship between the components of social-communicative competence and value-semantic priorities of professional self-realisation, such as: professional status, social recognition, and creative self-realisation this is especially relevant in the context of creating the most favourable conditions for the professional development of young people. The purpose of the study is to identify gender features of social-communicative competence and identify how they affect objective and subjective measurements of professional success. The key research methods are a set of surveys, in particular, the author’s questionnaire called “Success” and the method of G.V. Protasova, “Social-communicative competence”. The results obtained demonstrate that for male representatives, the status measurement of professional success substantially correlates with the tolerance of the subjects to frustration, while in women this measurement of professional success is interrelated with the level of development of communicative competence. The study proposes that the desire for recognition as a measurement of professional success in male representatives is substantially interrelated with the orientation to success, and in female representatives, this measurement of success positively correlates with the tolerance of the subjects to frustration. It is proved that the desire for creative self-realisation as a measure of professional success correlates in male representatives with a high degree of personal autonomy, and in women – with high indicators of tolerance to uncertainty. The results of the study allow for determining the genderspecific features of psychological factors of professional success, namely, they represent the priority in this context for men of masculine, and for women of androgynous type of gender identity, which are certain coordinates for creating appropriate programmes for the development and actualisation of the potential of professional success of the individual
EBSD-анализ микроструктуры Al–Cu–Mg сплава, подвергнутого сварке трением с перемешиванием
Authors: Газизов Марат Разифович , Зуйко Иван Сергеевич , Малофеев Сергей Сергеевич
Published: January 2023

В данной работе исследована связь между тепловыделением во время сварки трением перемешиванием (СТП) и микроструктурой, формирующейся в зоне перемешивания современного термоупрочняемого алюминиевого сплава 2519. С помощью системы автоматической идентификации дифракции обратно-рассеянных электронов (EBSD) установлено, что микроструктура является мелкозернистой. Так же было показано что при исследованных режимах соединения размер зёрен в зоне перемешивания не превышает 2 мкм.
Aprofundamento Neoliberal e Discurso Jornalístico no Brasil
Authors: Braga Lisandro
Published: January 2023

The objective is to analyze some speeches, made by members of the dominant bloc (intellectuals, bureaucrats, etc.) about the Brazilian crisis and the solutions to resolve it, between the years 2015 and 2019, published in newspapers (O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, El País and Gazeta do Povo), as well as systematized in some books. We will first resort to a theoretical discussion, based on a Marxist theory of contemporary society (Viana, 2018, 2019, Orio, 2019, Almeida, 2020, Braga, 2020), with the aim of building a general understanding of the relationship between capitalist accumulation , Social blocks and discursive production in neoliberal capitalism. Next, we will carry out a dialectical analysis of the speeches (Viana, 2009b, Bajtín, 2010) published in newspapers, relating them to the construction of a consensus around neoliberal forms.
STOP & ACT – Impro-Theater as Psycho-Drama
Authors: Bottequin Jean-Marie
Published: January 2023

The article presents the technique of “Stop & Act” developed by the author, a special kind of improvisational theater. It is a derivative of psycho-drama based on Jacob Levi Moreno and intended for larger groups. In improvised play, “challenging” issues, e.g. unresolved or still “pending” conflicts, interests or other explosive topics, are openly discussed and acted out in short theater scenes, without too much staging. The goals, rules, target audience, benefits of impro-theater are given in the article. The most important aspects of the “Stop & Act” were described such as: the preparation stage, the script, the game, the actors, go-go-girls, the stage, the audience, the presenter, the feedback and the investment.
The Possibilities OF Transcultural Positive Psychotherapy in Supporting the Development of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG)
Authors: Badecka Patrycja
Published: January 2023

Technological and sociocultural changes taking place over the last decades have, on the one hand, increased the probability of experiencing trauma during human life, and on the other, contributed to the development of neuroscience, and thus to expanding knowledge about the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of trauma-related disorders. Attention began to be drawn to the fact that experiencing trauma can not only lead to negative consequences, but also can be a source of positive changes in an individual. This phenomenon is defined as post-traumatic growth, which may manifest itself in one (or more) of the four areas of human life. As a result of a traumatic experience, some people may increase the sense of self-confidence and trust in their own abilities, may become convinced of their personal strength and effectiveness, may improve relationships with other people, or begin to appreciate life and have hope for the future’s changes. Post-traumatic growth is more than an adaptive strategy to a post-traumatic situation. Growth means development, i.e. achieving a better level of functioning of the individual than before experiencing the trauma. The development of an individual is part of the Transcultural Positive Psychotherapy (PPT after Peseschkian) objective, which focuses on developing human potential by changing the perspective, enhancing hope, differentiating capabilities, discovering coping skills and finding a sense of meaning even in the most extreme life events. This article aims to show the usefulness of Positive Psychotherapy after Peseschkian in supporting post-traumatic growth. Starting with the characteristics of the post-traumatic growth phenomenon, will discuss the factors correlating with the emergence of positive post-traumatic changes and will finally show how the main principles and tools of this method can be helpful in reinforcing post-traumatic growth.
Саморазрушающее и самоповреждающее поведение. Взгляд позитивной траснкультуральной психотерапии
Authors: Докунова Екатерина
Published: January 2023

В статье рассмотрена возможность использования инструментов позитивной и транскультуральной психотерапии в понимании механизмов развития и факторов, детерминирующих саморазрушающее и самоповреждающее поведение. Изучены инструменты позитивной психотерапии, которые дают возможность целостного подхода к диагностике самоповрждающего поведения, затрагивая и связывая уровни симптомов конфликтов и структурных способностей личности, а также определения фокусов в терапевтической работе.
The Neuroscience Of Story: The Role Of Storytelling In Psychotherapy
Authors: Kolenda-Sujecka Kaludia
Published: January 2023

One of the more interesting discoveries in neuroscience in recent years is the impact that the use of non-directive forms of communication, including stories and metaphors, has on our brain. In this article, we will review the most important literature of recent research in this area, and address both the benefits and risks of the new knowledge gained from these discoveries.
From Alien to Neighbor: The Journey of Ruth
Authors: Gatti Nicoletta
Published: January 2023

The Tanak offers a multifaceted and often contrasting portrait of migration. For example, while in some texts the aliens are presented as a threat to fear, in others they represent one of the categories of the poor (widow, orphan, foreign) to protect and welcome (Lev 23:22; Deut 14:29; Jer 7:6). The variety of terminology indicates a complex social stratification and suggests a journey from “foreignness” to “integration.” Finally, while migration to the land of Israel is presented as synonymous with a journey of identity construction and faith, migration from the land of Israel represents a journey of self-destruction, slavery, and death. Against this background, this article examines the relationship between Israel and the “alien” as portrayed in the book of Ruth, employing rabbinic and pragmatic readings. The book is considered the result of the debate generated in Israel in the postexilic era, documented in the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Jonah, about the relationship between the Jewish identity, obtained by election, and “otherness.” The article’s hypothesis is that the book of Ruth enters paradoxically in this debate, inviting its reader to the reception and the inclusion of the foreigner.
Development of a Perception Scale of Private Lesson: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Yildiz Ahmet , Butun Mesut , Turkdogan Ali , Kocak Ekrem
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to develop a valid and reliable perception scale that can measure the perception of math teachers (198) and science teachers (120) towards private lesson. In the validity studies, the exploratory factor analysis was made with the SPSS 25.0 package program after that the confirmatory factor analysis was made with Lisrel 8.71 software. To develop the scale; 1. Creation of Item Pool 2. Obtaining Expert Opinion, 3. Creation of Pre-Trial Form 4. Factor Analysis 5. Confirmatory factor analysis. According to factor analysis; Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) rate; .780; Bartlett test result: 7466.539; Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient is: .901. According to confirmatory factor analysis: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.043 (.05); p-Value for Test of Close Fit .00 (.05, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) .96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) .93; Normed Fit Index (NFI) .97; Relative Fit Index (RFI) .96; Incremental Fix Index (IFI): .99; Degrees of Freedom: 38; Root Mean Square Residual (RMR): .037 and NonNormed Fit Index (NNFI): .98. According to research findings, the perception scale is valid and reliable so it can be used to determine math teachers and science teachers’ positive and negative perceptions of private lesson.
The Effect of Science Teaching Based on POE Strategy on the Academic Achievement and Attitudes of Fifth-Grade Students in the Distance Education Process
Authors: Çalış Sevgül , Özkan Mustafa
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of science teaching based on POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) technique on the academic achievement and attitudes of fifth-grade students in the distance education process. The study was carried out with the quasi-experimental design of quantitative research methods and an approach in which pretest and posttest applications were applied to the experimental and control groups. The research sample consists of 72 fifth grade students, 36 of whom are in the experimental group and 36 in the control group. Data collection tools included an academic achievement test and an attitude scale regarding learning science. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS package program. The research results concluded that science teaching based on online POE technique increased the students’ academic achievement. Meanwhile, the attitude towards science learning was independent from teaching based on POE strategy.
Classroom Teacher’s Digital Literacy Level based on Instant Digital Competence Assessment (IDCA) Perspective
Authors: Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto , Ardiansyah Roy , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: January 2023

Technological developments have made digital literacy one of the survival skills in the 21st century, which is linked to development of teacher core competencies, and digital literacy. This study aims to evaluate the level of digital literacy among teachers in the classroom. This descriptive qualitative case study involved 6 teachers at elementary school in Surakarta as the subjects which were chosen through purposive sampling by using digital literacy framework based on the Instant Digital Competence Assessment (IDCA) perspective. It classifies digital literacy into three dimensions, namely technology, cognitive, and ethics. The results showed that, on the technology dimension, 16.67% of the subjects were in the medium category, 50% in the low category, and 33% in the very low category. On the cognitive dimension, 33.33% of the subjects were in the moderate category, 16.67% in the low category, and 50% in the very low category. On the ethical dimension, 50% of the subjects were in the high category, 16.67% in the low category, and 33.33% in the very low category. Thus, it has been concluded that the digital literacy level of classroom teachers is in the very low to high categories.
El gasto en pensiones en España en comparativa europea
Authors: Martín Miguel Ángel , Ramos Roberto
Published: January 2023

Motivación

Existe una elevada disparidad en la ratio de gasto en pensiones y PIB en los países europeos. Este artículo estudia el tamaño del sistema de pensiones español en relación con el resto de los sistemas de la UE y analiza los determinantes que explican las diferencias observadas.

Ideas principales

En 2019, el gasto en pensiones en España, en relación con el tamaño de su economía, fue superior al de la media simple de la UE y alcanzó un valor similar al de la media ponderada por el PIB.

En 2019, España presentó, respecto a la UE, un menor envejecimiento poblacional y una menor cobertura del sistema de pensiones. Por el contrario, exhibió una tasa de empleo más baja y una mayor cuantía de las prestaciones en relación con el salario medio.

Las proyecciones demográficas indican que el gasto en pensiones aumentará notablemente en España. Algo más del 40 % de dicho aumento podría ser compensado si la tasa de empleo se elevara hasta alcanzar el nivel que dicha tasa registra en Alemania.
El gasto
Authors: M M
Published: January 2023

Motivación. Existe una elevada disparidad en la ratio de gasto en pensiones y PIB en los países europeos. Este artículo estudia el tamaño del sistema de pensiones español en relación con el resto de los sistemas de la UE y analiza los determinantes que explican las diferencias observadas.
ԴԱՏԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՏԵՐԻ ՆԱԽԱԴԱՏԵԼԻՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՔԱՂԱՔԱՑԻԱԿԱՆ ԴԱՏԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ՝ ՄԻՄՅԱՆՑ ՀԱԿԱՍՈՂ ՕՐԻՆԱԿԱՆ ՈՒԺԻ ՄԵՋ ՄՏԱԾ ԴԱՏԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՏԵՐԻ ԱՌԿԱՅՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԱՅՄԱՆՆԵՐՈՒՄ/PREJUDICIAL FORCE OF JUDICIAL ACTS IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRESENCE OF CONTRADICTING JUDICIAL ACTS ENTERED INTO LEGAL FORCE/ПРЕЮДИЦИАЛЬНАЯ СИЛА СУДЕБНЫХ АКТОВ В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ НАЛИЧИЯ ПРОТИВОРЕЧАЩИХ СУДЕБНЫХ АКТОВ, ВСТУПАВШИХ В ЗАКОННУЮ СИЛУ
Authors: Apresyan Zohrak
Published: January 2023

The execution of a judicial act which entered into legal force is a guarantee of a person's right to a fair trial, without which activity of courts would be completely meaningless. That is why it is necessary to try to rule out the possibility of existence of contradicting judicial acts. The article deals with the institution of prejudicial force of judicial acts, the goals of its provision, and also presents analyses of operation of prejudicial force and bindingness of judicial acts in the presence of contradicting judicial acts that have come into force. The workanalyzes gaps in the legislative regulation of the institution of prejudicial force, as well as their possible negative consequences. Along with pointing out the existing problems, the article presents proposals to solve them. At the same time, the question of constitutionality of legislative norms regulating the institution of prejudicial force in civil procedure is being discussed.
СОСТАВ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ НАСИЛЬСТВЕННОГО ИСЧЕЗНОВЕНИЯ СОГЛАСНО ПОЛОЖЕНИЯМ НОВОГО УГОЛОВНОГО КОДЕКСА РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ/ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE CORPUS DELICTI FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF PROVISIONS OF THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE
OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA/ԲՌՆԻ ԱՆՀԵՏԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԱՆՑԱԿԱԶՄՆ ԸՍՏ
ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՔՐԵԱԿԱՆ ՆՈՐ ՕՐԵՆՍԳՐՔԻ ԴՐՈՒՅԹՆԵՐԻ
Authors: Israyelyan Gevorg
Published: January 2023

The new Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia came into force on July 1, 2022. It provides for some new crimes, among which is enforced violent disappearance. The provision for this act has a conventional basis, the forecast of the crime under discussion is among the obligations of the Republic of Armenia, which derives from the International Convention "On the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance".
The article is devoted to the analysis of the crime of enforced disappearance. The topicality, modernity and scientific novelty of the research are caused by the lack of research into the subject by local scholars. The article reveals the objective and subjective characteristics of forced disappearance, the circumstances that aggravate the responsibility for forced disappearance, and compliance with the convention basis.
The research results, apart from theoretical significance, also have practical value. They can serve as a guide for the bodies that give a legal assessment of the act in question and apply measures of punishment.
Peer Instruction as Teaching Method in Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
Authors: Scheider Bettina , Asprion Petra Maria
Published: January 2023

Cybersecurity and data privacy are important fields today. Basic education in these two interconnected areas should already be offered in schools, as practically everyone today can encounter the dangers and risks of the Internet in terms of data theft, data manipulation or the like. However, the topics of cybersecurity and data privacy are generally abstract, and many people are not interested in such rather technical topics. To arouse interest and provide a certain basic education, we used ‘peer instruction’ combined with storytelling as a promising method. Within the framework of an EU project called GEIGER and with the support of students who have learned data privacy by means of the presented method, the method has been further developed, applied, tested, reflected, and iteratively improved. In summary, the method presented is useful for the topics of cybersecurity and data privacy, but the recommendations compiled must be considered in particular with regard to careful preparation and testing.
Fraud Detection in Stock Market Using Collusion Clustering Algorithm
Authors: K Archana , T Iris , W Mercy
Published: January 2023

Fraud is one of the major problems around the world today. Example: Stock market. In this paper, circular trading is
detected using graphs. We detect the fraud using graph and machine learning. To resolve this problem, different fraud detection
algorithm and approaches were used. In our proposed system, we are using an algorithm called collusion clustering, which is
particularly designed for finding fraudulent sets. This algorithm will detect the fraud more efficiently convey the result.
Crisis Consciousness, Utopian Consciousness, and the Struggle for Racial Justice
Authors: Paris William
Published: January 2023

The question of how to theorize the relationship between consciousness and the social transformation of racism remains vexed. Most critical theories agree that some form of critical consciousness is necessary for the transformation of social life, but disagree about whether this change is sufficient. Furthermore, they disagree about whether the content of this change is at the level of cognitive beliefs, active ignorance, or ideology. In this article, I describe most accounts of social transformation of racism as relying upon what I call awareness consciousness. I argue that the model of awareness consciousness in critical theory risks giving too much explanatory power to the role of self-knowledge in developing accounts of successful social transformation. In contrast, I defend an account of critical consciousness that emphasizes the primacy of social structures in constraining and enabling our practices. When social structures can no longer support our horizons of expectation there is the possibility for the development of what I call crisis consciousness and utopian consciousness. The materialist account I deploy locates the social transformation of racism in the experience of dysfunctional institutions and the consequent insight of how to collectively develop functional institutions that can enable new forms of social practice.
Idle Talk and Anti-Racism: On Critical Phenomenology, Language, and Racial Justice
Authors: Ewara Eyo
Published: January 2023

While race and racism have never stopped being urgent issues for many communities of color, talk about race, racism, and racial justice have once again become a central part of mainstream social and political discourse in America. But while critical phenomenologists have offered many accounts of what it is like to live in a world shaped by racism—particularly in terms of embodiment—they have not drawn attention to questions about what it is like to live in a world increasingly shaped by anti-racist sentiment and action, the kind of world in which the question of critical phenomenology’s contribution to projects of racial justice can itself arise. In this paper, I argue that one avenue to approach the silence in critical phenomenology around the experiences and habits of anti-racism as they circulate in our discourse is to draw attention to how critical phenomenology, as it turns to questions of race, tends to turn away from explorations of language. Interrogating how critical phenomenologists approaching racial issues have managed to escape explicitly thematizing language, I argue that this occlusion of language by critical phenomenology consequently leaves behind resources through which to ask ourselves what is happening as we articulate increasingly taken-for-granted ways of speaking and living out an opposition to racism.
Reseña sobre Espejo de los detalles / Mirror of Details de Jesús Sepúlveda
Authors: Alejandro Marin Sergio
Published: January 2023

En la reseña propongo que el poemario escrito por el poeta, es una representación del viaje que el hombre debe hacer desde la ciudad hasta la selva con el fin de purificarse y renacer.
Codex Corpus y la revancha final de la memoria
Authors: Baudoin Magela
Published: January 2023

Decir que Codex Corpus es una cavilación sobre el cuerpo es cierto, pero insuficiente para describir este libro. Añadir que se trata de un poemario en el cual el cuerpo de la escritura es tan importante como la carne que lo sostiene, completa esa idea pero todavía no alcanza para dar cuenta de su complejidad. El último trabajo de la boliviana Paola Senseve, merecedor en el 2019 del Premio Nacional de Poesía Yolanda Bedregal -el mayor galardón de su país para este género-, es también o cómo mínimo una elaboración sobre el duelo y la materialidad del amor ante la ausencia fáctica que produce la muerte.
Antonio Machín en la banda sonora de la España franquista (perplejidades dictatoriales)
Authors: Zamora Andres
Published: January 2023

Antonio Machín, cubano y mulato, llegó a España en abril de 1939, el mismo mes en el que terminó la Guerra Civil y comenzó la larga dictadura franquista. Contra lo que tal vez pudiera esperarse conjeturalmente en un país gobernado por un régimen poco afecto a extranjerismos, incluso siendo relativos, o diversidades, ya fueran estas políticas, culturales, religiosas, morales o raciales, en la segunda mitad de la década de los cuarenta Machín se convierte en uno de los cantantes más célebres en el panorama de la música popular española, sobre todo a partir de la presentación en 1946 de Angelitos negros. Machín grabará cientos de canciones durante la época de la dictadura, hará innumerables giras, conciertos y espectáculos, y será presencia constante en la radio y en la televisión, convirtiéndose dentro del imaginario español en uno de los elementos culturales indisolublemente asociados a la España franquista. La crónica legendaria de la época incluso asegura que Machín tuvo el dudoso honor de ser el cantante favorito del general Franco. Pero también gozó de la admiración e incluso el fervor de Vázquez Montalbán, Serrat, Sisa y una larga letanía de nombres altamente “significados” en su denodada oposición al franquismo. Mi propósito es explorar los meandros y sinuosidades de esta aparente perplejidad ideológica y cultural.
Nicolás Guillén y la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Enjuto Rangel Cecilia
Published: January 2023

The poetry that emerges from the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) develops a poetic discourse, to motivate its readers to become active historical agents and witnesses, and to politically support the Republican cause. In España: Poema en cuatro angustias y una esperanza (Spain: Poem in Four Anguishes and One Hope) the Cuban poet Nicolás Guillén (1902-1989) defends a poetics of solidarity with Republican Spain, while also acknowledging the colonial and postcolonial history that problematizes this “transatlantic” aesthetic position. Particularly in the “Angustia primera” and in the last poem “La voz de la esperanza,” Guillén highlights the racial and cultural identity of the speaker to legitimize his solidarity with the Republican cause from the perspective of the Latin American subject, who feels their cultural roots and political convictions connects them to Spain. The four “anguishes” or poems reveal the Latin American alliance with anti-fascist Spain and lament the tragedy of the death of Federico García Lorca, while the last poem defiantly and optimistically underlines the ethical imperative to fight against fascism. In this essay, I analyze España: Poema en cuatro angustias y una esperanza by Guillén within the political, literary, and cultural context, of an avant-garde poetics and as part of his intellectual effort to support with his prose, especially his chronicles, the Republican cause.
La conciencia espoleada. Carlos Montenegro, corresponsal de la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Cano Reyes Jesús
Published: January 2023

Entre noviembre de 1937 y marzo de 1938, Carlos Montenegro reemplaza a Nicolás Guillén y Juan Marinello en su labor como corresponsales de la revista Mediodía en la Guerra Civil española. Un aspecto nuclear de sus crónicas, extensible a muchos otros escritores, es el complejo de inferioridad del intelectual respecto al soldado, que en el reportaje inaugural de Montenegro origina una escena de alto contenido simbólico. Por otro lado, resulta fundamental el propósito de situar el foco sobre las redes de cubanos en España, como una estrategia para involucrar a sus lectores en el conflicto; entre todos destaca la figura del mártir Pablo de la Torriente Brau, muerto al comienzo de la guerra. Por último, cabe poner en relación las crónicas periodísticas de Montenegro con su narrativa sobre España: tres cuentos –uno de ellos recientemente conocido– y el libro testimonial 'Tres meses con las fuerzas de choque (División Campesino)', que recoge las crónicas, reelaborándolas parcialmente, y además añade material inédito.
Biutiful: En los márgenes de la la cosmópolis neoliberal
Authors: Ribas-Casasayas Alberto
Published: January 2023

In Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Biutiful, the city operates as a sort of anti-model exposing the dark side of neoliberal economies in larger fashionable cities, with an emphasis in precarization and exclusion and dynamics of violence against migrant populations. To this end, he uses an aesthetics of incongruence and a focus over a motley society, in permanent tension and negotiation between variegated groups. These strategies coexist with two other themes: exclusion represented as a form of expulsion or excrecence, and the appeal to memory as an ethical imperative that disrupts the logic of monetary calculus in which the main characters live immersed.
LE CERTIFICAZIONI DI LINGUA CINESE (HSK): CONFRONTO CON IL QCER
Authors: Bulfoni Clara
Published: January 2023

L’articolo analizza la storia e l’evoluzione degli esami di certificazione della lingua cinese (HSK) a partire dal 1984, anno di inizio del progetto avviato dall’allora Istituto di Lingue di Pechino e dall’Ufficio della Commissione di Stato per l’Istruzione. Le prime sessioni di esami in Europa, e precisamente in Germania, in Francia e in Italia presso l’Università degli Studi di Milano, prima sede sul territorio nazionale, si sono svolte nel 1994. L’esame originario è ora denominato HSK 1.0, seguito, dopo una riforma del 2010, dall’HSK 2.0. Attualmente è in corso una terza riforma che dovrebbe essere conclusa nel 2024. L’articolo si focalizza sul confronto del prossimo HSK 3.0 con il Companion Volume del QCER, edito nel 2020, analizzando probabili differenze nei termini di competenze. Purtroppo l’analisi è incompleta e sarà possibile concludere il confronto non appena verranno pubblicate simulazioni d’esame non ancora disponibili.

 

The Chinese language certifications (HSK): comparison with the QCER

The article analyses the history and evolution of Chinese language certification exams (HSK) since 1984, when the project was started by the then Beijing Language Institute and the Office of the State Commission for Instruction. The first exam sessions in Europe and, specifically, in Germany, France and Italy at the University of Milan, the first Center in Italy, were held in 1994. The originally exam is now called HSK 1.0, followed by, after the 2010’s reform, HSK 2.0. A third reform is currently underway and is expected to be completed by 2024. The article focuses on the comparison of the upcoming HSK 3.0 with the Companion Volume of the CEFR, published in 2020, analysing possible differences in terms of skills. Unfortunately, the analysis is incomplete and it will be possible to conclude the comparison as soon as exam simulations, not yet available, will be published.
LA CULTURA NELL’EDUCAZIONE LINGUISTICA: UN’ANALISI DIACRONICA
Authors: Kaliska Marta
Published: January 2023

Il presente articolo mira a delineare tre principali approcci all'insegnamento della cultura nell’ambito dell’educazione linguistica: nazionale, interculturale e transnazionale. Il primo paradigma si basa sul concetto di nazionalità, il che significa che il contenuto culturale è per lo più riferito al contesto nazionale dominante, indipendentemente dal fatto che si tratti di una cultura con la C maiuscola o quella con la c minuscola. Il secondo approccio punta allo sviluppo della competenza interculturale degli apprendenti, che costituisce uno strumento importante per un’interazione efficace tra individui provenienti da diversi ambiti culturali. L’obiettivo del terzo approccio è quello di evidenziare i fenomeni culturali che superano i confini politico-geografici degli stati e i vincoli nazionali, mostrando la loro natura transnazionale e multicollettiva.  

 

Culture in language education: a diachronic analysis

Culture in Foreign Language Teaching – the present paper aims at presenting three main approaches to the culture teaching within foreign language education: the national, intercultural and transnational ones. The first one is based on the concept of nationality which means that cultural content is mostly refered to the dominant national context, regardless of whether or not it is a big C or small c culture. The second paradigm is intended to develop learners’ intercultural competence, an important tool for an effective interaction between individuals coming from different cultural backgrounds. The objective of the third approach is to point out these cultural phenomena which go beyond state borders and national constraints, displaying their transnational and multicollective nature.