bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Monetary Policy, Domestic Prices, Financial Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Anam Bibi  , Syed Tahir Hussain Shah  , Syed Imran Rais  , Khalid Zaman  , Abdul Mansoor  , Shakira Ejaz
Published: June 2020

The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between monetary policy, domestic prices, financial development and economic growth in a context of Pakistan by using a consistent time series data from 1980 to 2016. The results show that real interest rate increases exchange rate that negatively influenced on country’s economic growth, which confirmed that contractionary monetary policy is ineffective to stabilize country’s economic growth. The trade linearization policies hurt Pakistan’s economic growth, which invalidate the positive effect of globalization in developing countries. The inbound FDI has a positive impact on economic growth, whereas exchange rate and changes in price level both have a negative impact on inbound FDI in a country. The domestic saving rate substantially increases inbound FDI in a country. The positive impact of money supply on inflation confirmed the monetarist view of inflation, i.e., money supply leads to inflation. Thus, the overall conclusion confirmed the sound viability of expansionary monetary policy in a given country for sustained growth.
Surgical management of carcinomas of the infratemporal fossa and skull base: patterns of failure and predictors of long-term outcomes
Authors: Amit Moran , Bell Diana , Hunt Patrick J. , Hanna Ehab , Su Shirley Y. , Kupferman Michael , Aashiq Mohamed , Takahashi Hideaki , Gidley Paul W. , Nader Marc-Elie , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

Infratemporal fossa (ITF) tumors are unique in histological characteristics and difficult to treat. Predictors of patient outcomes in this context are not known. The objective of this study was to identify independent predictors of outcome and to characterize patterns of failure in patients with ITF carcinoma.

METHODS

All patients who had been surgically treated for anterolateral skull base malignancy between 1999 and 2017 at the authors’ institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, preoperative performance status, tumor stage, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and pathological data were collected. Primary outcomes were disease-specific survival (DSS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) rates. Overall survival (OS) and patterns of progression were secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

Forty ITF malignancies with skull base involvement were classified as carcinoma. Negative margins were achieved in 23 patients (58%). Median DSS and LPFS were 32 and 12 months, respectively. Five-year DSS and OS rates were 55% and 36%, respectively. The 5-year LPFS rate was 69%. The 5-year overall PFS rate was 53%. Disease recurrence was noted in 28% of patients. Age, preoperative performance status, and margin status were statistically significant prognostic factors for DSS. Lower preoperative performance status and positive surgical margins increased the probability of local recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

The ability to achieve negative margins was significantly associated with improved tumor control rates and DSS. Cranial base surgical approaches must be considered in multimodal treatment regimens for anterolateral skull base carcinomas.
Direct versus indirect bypass procedure for the treatment of ischemic moyamoya disease: results of an individualized selection strategy
Authors: Nielsen Troels H. , Abhinav Kumar , Sussman Eric S. , Han Summer S. , Weng Yingjie , Bell-Stephens Teresa , CNRN  , Heit Jeremy J. , Steinberg Gary K.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

The only effective treatment for ischemic moyamoya disease (iMMD) is cerebral revascularization by an extracranial to intracranial bypass. The preferred revascularization method remains controversial: direct versus indirect bypass. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that method choice should be personalized based on angiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical characteristics to balance the risk of perioperative major stroke against treatment efficacy.

METHODS

Patients with iMMD were identified retrospectively from a prospectively maintained database. Those with mild to moderate internal carotid artery or M1 segment stenosis, preserved cerebrovascular reserve, intraoperative M4 segment anterograde flow ≥ 8 ml/min, or the absence of frequent and severe transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke had been assigned to indirect bypass. The criteria for direct bypass were severe ICA or M1 segment stenosis or occlusion, impaired cerebrovascular reserve or steal phenomenon, intraoperative M4 segment retrograde flow or anterograde flow < 8 ml/min, and the presence of frequent and severe TIAs or clinical strokes. The primary study endpoint was MRI-confirmed symptomatic stroke ≤ 7 days postoperatively resulting in a decline in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively. As a secondary endpoint, the authors assessed 6-month postoperative DSA-demonstrated revascularization, which was classified as < 1/3, 1/3–2/3, or > 2/3 of the middle cerebral artery territory.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty-eight patients with iMMD affecting 195 hemispheres revascularized in the period from March 2016 to June 2018 were included in this analysis. One hundred thirty-three hemispheres were revascularized with direct bypass and 62 with indirect bypass. The perioperative stroke rate was 4.7% and 6.8% in the direct and indirect groups, respectively (p = 0.36). Degree of revascularization was higher in the direct bypass group (p = 0.03). The proportion of patients improving to an mRS score 0–1 (from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively) tended to be higher in the direct bypass group, although the difference between the two bypass groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.27).

CONCLUSIONS

The selective use of an indirect bypass procedure for iMMD did not decrease the perioperative stroke rate. Direct bypass provided a significantly higher degree of revascularization. The authors conclude that direct bypass is the treatment of choice for iMMD.
The orbitopterygoid corridor as a deep keyhole for endoscopic access to the paranasal sinuses and clivus
Authors: Oyama Kenichi , Watanabe Kentaro , Hanakita Shunya , Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Passeri Thibault , Voormolen Eduard H. , Bernat Anne Laure , Penet Nicolas , Fukushima Takanori , Froelich Sébastien
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

The anteromedial triangle (AMT) is the triangle formed by the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) nerves. Opening of this bony space offers a limited access to the sphenoid sinus (SphS). This study aims to demonstrate the utility of the orbitopterygopalatine corridor (OPC), obtained by enlarging the AMT and transposing the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and V2, as an entrance to the SphS, maxillary sinus (MaxS), and nasal cavity.

METHODS

Five formalin-injected cadaveric specimens were used for this study (10 approaches). A classic pterional approach was performed. An OPC was created through the inferior orbital fissure, between the orbit and the PPF, by transposing the PPF inferiorly. The extent of the OPC was measured using neuronavigation and manual measurements. Two illustrative cases using the OPC to access skull base tumors are presented in the body of the article.

RESULTS

Via the OPC, the SphS, MaxS, ethmoid sinus (EthS), and nasal cavity could be accessed. The use of endoscopic assistance through the OPC achieved better visualization of the EthS, SphS, MaxS, clivus, and nasal cavity. A significant gain in the area of exposure could be achieved using the OPC compared to the AMT (22.4 mm2 vs 504.1 mm2).

CONCLUSIONS

Opening of the AMT and transposition of V2 and the contents of the PPF creates the OPC, a potentially useful deep keyhole to access the paranasal sinuses and clival region through a middle fossa approach. It is a valuable alternative approach to reach deep-seated skull base lesions infiltrating the cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa and extending into the paranasal sinus.
Complications, outcomes, and management strategies of non-missile penetrating head injuries
Authors: Harrington Bradley M. , Gretschel Armin , Lombard Carl , Lonser Russell R. , Vlok Adriaan J.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE

While high-velocity missile injury (gunshot) is associated with kinetic and thermal injuries, non-missile penetrating head injury (NMPHI) results in primary damage along the tract of the piercing object that can be associated with significant secondary complications. Despite the unique physical properties of NMPHI, factors associated with complications, expected outcomes, and optimal management have not been defined. In this study, the authors attempted to define those factors.

METHODS

Consecutive adult patients with NMPHI who presented to Tygerberg Academic Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa) in the period from August 1, 2011, through July 31, 2018, were enrolled in a prospective study using a defined treatment algorithm. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were analyzed.

RESULTS

One hundred ninety-two patients (185 males [96%], 7 females [4%]) with 192 NMPHIs were included in this analysis. The mean age at injury was 26.2 ± 1.1 years (range 18–58 years). Thirty-four patients (18%) presented with the weapon in situ. Seventy-one patients (37%) presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Weapons included a knife (156 patients [81%]), screwdriver (18 [9%]), nail gun (1 [0.5%]), garden fork (1 [0.5%]), barbeque fork (1 [0.5%]), and unknown (15 [8%]). The most common wound locations were temporal (74 [39%]), frontal (65 [34%]), and parietal (30 [16%]). The most common secondary complications were vascular injury (37 patients [19%]) and infection (27 patients [14%]). Vascular injury was significantly associated with imaging evidence of deep subarachnoid hemorrhage and an injury tract crossing vascular territory (p ≤ 0.05). Infection was associated with delayed referral (> 24 hours), lack of prophylactic antibiotic administration, and weapon in situ (p ≤ 0.05). A poorer outcome was associated with a stab depth > 50 mm, a weapon removed by the assailant, vascular injury, and eloquent brain involvement (p ≤ 0.05). Nineteen patients (10%) died from their injuries. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was linearly related to the admission GCS score (p < 0.001). One hundred forty patients (73%) had a GOS score of 4 or better at discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

The most common NMPHI secondary complications are vascular injury and infection, which are associated with specific NMPHI imaging and clinical features. Identifying these features and using a systematic management paradigm can effectively treat the primary injury, as well as diagnose and manage NMPHI-related complications, leading to a good outcome in the majority of patients.
TRADUZIONE MONTENEGRINA DELL’ODE PIEMONTE DI CARDUCCI
CRNOGORSKI PREVOD KARDUČIJEVE ODE PIJEMONTU
Authors: Kilibarda Vesna
Published: June 2020

Il presente contributo prende in esame le circostanze in cui nel 1896 fu pubblicata in Montenegro una traduzione dell'ode Piemonte di Carducci, che fino ad oggi è rimasta l'unica versione di questa poesia dal famoso poeta italiano presso gli Slavi del Sud. Inoltre, si tratta dell'unica traduzione dalla lingua italiana del professor Živko Dragović,
uno dei pochi traduttori di letteratura italiana in Montenegro fino alla fine dell’Ottocento che non si era formato intellettualmente nelle Bocche di Cattaro o in Dalmazia, dove lingua, letteratura e cultura italiana erano presenti da secoli. La pubblicazione della traduzione dell'ode di Carducci che celebra la dinastia Savoia e la regione piemontese, da cui è stata avviata la lotta per l'unificazione dell'Italia, è legata all'annuncio del matrimonio della principessa montenegrina Jelena Petrovic Njegoš con l’erede al trono italiano Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia, ma anche all'idea del piemontismo montenegrino, che all’epoca era caldeggiata dall’ideologia dinastica e dall’opera poetica del principe montenegrino Nikola I. Nell’articolo approfondiamo anche altri rari contributi su Carducci pubblicati nei periodici montenegrini fino all'inizio della prima guerra mondiale.
Remarks on eigenvalue problems for fractional p(·)-Laplacian
Authors: Bahrouni Anouar , Ho Ky
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we give some properties of the new fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponents and apply them to study a class of eigenvalue problems involving the fractional [Formula: see text]-Laplace operator. We obtain sequences of eigenvalues going asymptotically to infinity and we also establish sufficient conditions to get zero value for the principal eigenvalue, which is a striking difference between the variable exponent case and the constant exponent case. As an application, we obtain several existence and nonexistence results for the eigenvalue problem according to the asymptotic growth of the nonlinearity and the range of the spectral parameter.
Impact of Cognitive Frailty on Activities of Daily Living, Cognitive Function, and Conversion to Dementia Among Memory Clinic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sugimoto Taiki , Ono Rei , Kimura Ai , Saji Naoki , Niida Shumpei , Sakai Toshihiro , Rakugi Hiromi , Toba Kenji , Sakurai Takashi
Published: June 2020

Background:

Very few studies have investigated the impact of cognitive frailty in clinical settings, especially in memory clinic populations.

Objective:

To examine the impact of cognitive frailty on activities of daily living (ADL), cognitive function, and conversion to dementia among memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods:

The subjects of this retrospective study were 248 MCI patients (mean age, 76.3±5.4 years; females, 60.9%). All subjects completed a comprehensive geriatric assessment at baseline and at least one assessment during 3-year follow-up. Frailty was defined by generating a frailty index (FI), and MCI patients with frailty (FI≥0.25) were considered to represent cognitive frailty. As primary outcomes, the Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, and incident dementia were evaluated during follow-up. At baseline, patients were assessed for apolipoprotein E ( APOE) phenotype. A linear mixed model, as well as a Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for confounding variables, was performed.

Results:

Of these patients, 75 (30.2%) were classified as cognitive frail. APOE ɛ4 carriers accounted for 26.7% of those with cognitive frailty and 44.5% of those without ( p = 0.008). Cognitive frail patients showed a faster ADL decline (estimate, –1.04; standard error, 0.38; p = 0.007) than patients without cognitive frailty. Cognitive frailty was not associated with cognitive decline and incident dementia.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrated cognitive frailty increases the risk of dependence but not cognitive outcomes. Cognitive frailty may have heterogeneous conditions, including APOE ɛ4-related pathologies, which may affect the cognitive trajectories of patients with MCI.
Cerebrospinal Fluid YKL-40 and Neurogranin in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thordardottir Steinunn , Almkvist Ove , Johansson Charlotte , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Graff Caroline
Published: June 2020

Background:

YKL-40 and neurogranin are promising additional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which reflect different underlying disease mechanisms.

Objective:

To compare the levels of CSF YKL-40 and neurogranin between asymptomatic carriers of familial AD (FAD) mutations (MC) and non-carriers (NC) from the same families. Another objective was to assess changes in YKL-40 and neurogranin, from the presymptomatic to clinical phase of FAD.

Methods:

YKL-40 and neurogranin, as well as A β42, total tau-protein, and phospho-tau, were measured in the CSF of 14 individuals carrying one of three FAD mutations, APPswe (p.KM670/671NL), APParc (p.E693G), and PSEN1 (p.H163Y), as well as in 17 NC from the same families. Five of the MC developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during follow-up.

Results:

In this pilot study, there was no difference in either CSF YKL-40 or neurogranin when comparing the presymptomatic MC to the NC. YKL-40 correlated positively with expected years to symptom onset and to age in both the MC and the NC, while neurogranin had no correlation to either variable in either of the groups. A subgroup of the participants underwent more than one CSF sampling in which half of the MC developed MCI during follow-up. The longitudinal data showed an increase in YKL-40 levels in the MC as the expected symptom onset approached. Neurogranin remained stable over time in both the MC and the NC.

Conclusion:

These findings support a positive correlation between progression from presymptomatic to symptomatic AD and levels of CSF YKL-40, but not neurogranin.
Polyphenols as Potential Metal Chelation Compounds Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lakey-Beitia Johant , Burillo Andrea M. , La Penna Giovanni , Hegde Muralidhar L. , Rao K.S.
Published: June 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. The pathology of this multifactorial disease is primarily characterized by the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates; however, other etiological factors including metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), play critical role in disease progression. Because these transition metal ions are important for cellular function, their imbalance can cause oxidative stress that leads to cellular death and eventual cognitive decay. Importantly, these transition metal ions can interact with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and Aβ42 peptide, affecting Aβ aggregation and increasing its neurotoxicity. Considering how metal dyshomeostasis may substantially contribute to AD, this review discusses polyphenols and the underlying chemical principles that may enable them to act as natural chelators. Furthermore, polyphenols have various therapeutic effects, including antioxidant activity, metal chelation, mitochondrial function, and anti-amyloidogenic activity. These combined therapeutic effects of polyphenols make them strong candidates for a moderate chelation-based therapy for AD.
The Role of TREML2 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Si-Yu , Gong Peng-Yu , E Yan , Zhang Ying-Dong , Jiang Teng
Published: June 2020

Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for most of all AD casesand is currently considered a complex disorder caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. As an important family member of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells ( TREM), TREM-like transcript 2 gene ( TREML2) locates on human chromosome 6p21.1, a newly-identified hot zone for AD susceptibility, and encodes atransmembrane immune receptor. Emerging evidence implied a potential role of TREML2 in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of AD. Here, we review the recent literature about the association of TREML2 variants with AD risk and disease endophenotypes. Moreover, we summarize the latest findings regarding cellular localization and biological functions of TREML2 and speculate its possible role in AD pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss future research directions of TREML2 and AD.
Family Communication Patterns and Challenges of Huntington’s Disease Risk, the Decision to Pursue Presymptomatic Testing, and Test Results
Authors: Stuttgen Kelsey , Bollinger Juli , McCague Allison , Dvoskin Rachel , Mathews Debra
Published: June 2020

Background: Communicating genetic information within families can provide individuals with the emotional support, alert family members to their own potential risk, and strengthen relationships. However, these communications have the potential to cause emotional distress to individuals and family members if family members are informed of a risk they do not wish to know or discuss. Communication about the decision to pursue testing and test results are especially sensitive in Huntington’s disease (HD), where individuals often feel strongly about either knowing or not knowing their genetic status. Objective: To examine family communication patterns of genetic risk, the decision to pursue testing, and test results not just years, but decades after testing for HD, and examine how family communication of genetic risk information affects family relationships over the long-term. Methods: In this qualitative study, 39 semi-structured interviews were conducted with probands who went through genetic testing for HD. Clinic notes from these individuals were also analyzed. Results: Family communication patterns varied based on relation (e.g., significant others, child, extended family) and were influenced by a variety of factors. Sharing with spouses and children had a positive influence on the relationship in most cases. Sharing with extended family members had varying effects on relationships. Negative effects were more likely when family members were in denial, had not pursued testing for themselves, or did not support testing. Conclusion: Communication to significant others and children, should be discussed with and supported in individuals seeking testing for HD, but for extended family members, potential effects on the relationship, emotional distress, and benefits should be discussed and weighed.
Challenges and Perspectives in the Management of Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fabbri Margherita , Kauppila Linda Azevedo , Ferreira Joaquim J , Rascol Olivier
Published: June 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, with a continuously increasing prevalence. With improved clinical and therapeutic management of PD, more patients reach later stages of the disease, meaning they may face new clinical problems that were not commonly approached. This gave way to the description of a new PD stage, late-stage PD (LSPD), which is clinically discernible from the advanced-stage one. Therefore, LSPD patients have new and different needs, regarding pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions, including palliative care and multidisciplinary teams. LSPD patients constitute an‘orphan population’, who traditionally was excluded from previous studies, due to its high disability. With this manuscript, we intend to review specific management challenges of LSPD patients, covering this new concept and its clinical features, how to assess these patients, therapeutic recommendations, as well as discussing ongoing research and future perspectives.
Kangaroo mother care can improve the short-term outcomes of very preterm infants
Authors: Pavlyshyn H. , Sarapuk I. , Casper C. , Makieieva N.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a cornerstone of preterm infant management. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of daily prolonged KMC in very preterm infants and its influence on neonatal morbidity and short-term outcomes, and breastfeeding optimization.

METHODS:

Research included 52 very preterm infants. According to the KMC duration newborns were divided into two groups; Group1 of 22 infants (42.3%) – KMC lasted more than 3 hours/day, Group 2 of 30 infants (57.7%) – KMC lasted less than 3 hours/day.

RESULTS:

Nosocomial sepsis occurred less frequently in Group 1 versus Group 2 (OR = 10.50; 95% CI 1.23–89.67, p = 0.012). Incidences of BPD, NEC, IVH I–II grades, the duration of parenteral nutrition, and growth parameters have not been different between groups ( p > 0.05). Breastfeeding rates at discharge prevailed in Group 1 (OR = 3.70; 95% CI 1.16–11.86, p = 0.025). The most important factors for nosocomial sepsis: combination of parenteral nutrition duration and daily prolonged KMC, as a preventing factor ( p = 0.002). Combination of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) treatment duration, type of enteral feeding, and mother’s age add as factors that have important influence on breastfeeding prolongation ( p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION:

Nosocomial infection prevention and breastfeeding optimization are profitable outcomes of daily prolonged KMC in very preterm infants. No significant differences in the BPD, NEC, IVH I–II grades incidences, duration of parenteral nutrition, and growth parameters were found between studied groups. Combination of long-lasting KMC and short-term parenteral nutritionis a significant factor for nosocomial sepsis prophylaxis.
Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with various esthetic posts
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Dental esthetic materials are constantly introduced to meet the increasing esthetic demand in contemporary dental practice. OBJECTIVE: To test the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with different esthetic post materials like fiber-reinforced composite post (FRC), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polymer infiltrated ceramic (PIC). METHODS: Thirty-six human root canal treated single-rooted premolar teeth were decoronated 3 mm above the cemento-enamel junction and prepared to receive the post. They were randomly divided into three groups (n= 12) to be restored with FRC, PEEK, and PIC. After appropriate surface treatment, they were cemented with self-adhesive luting cement and restored with full veneer crowns. The samples were thermocycled, subjected to a compressive static load at 45∘ angulation until fracture. Obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc comparison test. RESULTS: The results indicate that the ETT restored with PEEK post had the maximum fracture load (1929.94 N), followed by PIC endodontic post group (1810.65N), and FRC post (1715.68N). Meanwhile, ETT restored with FRC showed a predominantly favorable fracture, whereas PEEK restored teeth had a more unfavorable fracture. CONCLUSION: Of all the esthetic post materials, the group for which PEEK endodontic post was used displayed higher fracture resistance.
Haemodynamics in a patient-specific intracranial aneurysm according to experimental and numerical approaches: A comparison of PIV, CFD and PC-MRI
Authors: Li Yujie , Yoneyama Yuuya , Isoda Haruo , Terada Masaki , Kosugi Takafumi , Kosugi Takashi , Zhang Mingzi , Ohta Makoto
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The haemodynamics determined by different approaches for studying fluid dynamics – i.e. computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle image velocimetry (PIV), and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) – have rarely been thoroughly compared; nor have the factors that affect accuracy and precision in each method. As each method has its own advantages and limitations, this knowledge is important for future studies to be able to achieve valid analyses of fluid flows. OBJECTIVE: To gauge the capacity of these methods for analysing aneurysmal flows, we compared the haemodynamic behaviours determined by each method within a patient-specific aneurysm model. METHODS: An in vitro silicone aneurysm model was fabricated for PIV and PC-MRI, and an in silico aneurysm model with the same geometry was reconstructed for CFD. With the same fluid model prepared numerically and physically, CFD, PIV and PC-MRI were performed to study aneurysmal haemodynamics. RESULTS: 2D velocity vectors and magnitudes show good agreement between PIV and CFD, and 3D flow patterns show good similarity between PC-MRI and CFD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give confidence to future haemodynamic studies using CFD technology. For the first time, the morphological inconsistency between the PCMRI model and others is found to affect the measurement of local flow patterns.
Acute effects of moderate-intensity cycling exercise on endothelial function in young healthy men: An investigation using the reactive hyperemia index
Authors: Koshiba Hiroya , Maeshima Etsuko
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Endothelial cells play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the effects of transient aerobic exercise on peripheral endothelial function. METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy male college students were selected as subjects and randomly divided into two groups: 13 in the control group and 14 in the exercise group. The subjects in the exercise group had a 15-minute supine rest, followed by 30 minutes of cycling exercise at moderate intensity, while measuring the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), an indicator of endothelial function, before and after exercise. The subjects in the control group had a 40-minute rest, during which RHI was measured with the same timing as in the exercise group. RESULTS: Two-factor analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant interaction effect. In the exercise group, RHI increased significantly after exercise. However, no significant change was observed in the control group. When RHI before exercise was compared between the two groups, no significant difference was found. However, RHI after exercise was significantly higher in the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise may have a favorable impact on peripheral endothelial function.
Status epilepticus as an initial presentation of aortic dissection: A case report
Authors: Yeo In Hwan , Kim Changho , Kim Jong Kun
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Status epilepticus (SE) as the initial presentation of aortic dissection in the absence of chest pain is very rare. We report a case of aortic dissection (AD), which presented as SE with markedly elevated levels of D-dimer, a reliable and sensitive index of fibrin deposition and stabilization. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old Asian woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with an altered mental state following three consecutive generalized tonic-clonic seizures at home. Her initial vital signs were normal, and the head CT scan was non-informative. Most of the laboratory results were normal, but the D-dimer levels were markedly elevated. About 90 minutes after arriving at the ED, the patient developed another tonic-clonic seizure for about three-four minutes. Emergent chest CT revealed type A AD with hemopericardium. During preparation for the emergency operation, the patient suffered a cardiac arrest. Despite performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 35 minutes, the patient died. CONCLUSIONS: The goal of this case report is to make clinicians aware of the possibility that new-onset SE with elevated D-dimer levels can be an indication of acute AD type A in the absence of typical symptoms.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN DAN PELAPORAN BIAYA KUALITAS SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN BIAYA KUALITAS PADA CV. BLACK CUP INDO UTAMA MANADO
Authors: Pabusa Herman , Alexander Stanly , Maradesa Djeini
Published: June 2020

Quality costs are costs incurred by the company in order to improve product quality which refers to all costs incurred to prevent the occurrence of defective goods or costs that must be incurred due to defective goods. Quality costs can be divided into two groups, namely the first quality costs associated with control activities consisting of prevention costs and valuation costs and the second is costs associated with failure activities consisting of internal failure costs and external failure costs. This study aims to determine the measurement and reporting of quality costs as a quality cost control tool on the CV. Indo Utama Black Cup Manado. The research method used in this thesis research is a descriptive method in which the purpose of each data collected is analyzed then drawn a conclusion and the type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained that the measurement and reporting of quality costs on the CV. Indo Utama Manado Black Cup has not yet taken cost measurements and has not presented separate quality cost reporting, so it cannot be used as a quality cost control tool.
Trabajos deshumanizadores
Authors: Higuera Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

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El neoclericalismo de izquierda
Authors: Álvarez Lázaro Pedro
Published: June 2020

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Pacto social y crisis de gobierno
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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La situación económica a examen
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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Estado de la nación y consenso
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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Teología de la liberación sometida al discernimiento
Authors: Calvez Jean-Yves
Published: June 2020

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Revalorizar la enseñanza social del Iglesia
Authors: Maugenest Denis
Published: June 2020

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El acuerdo económico social a examen
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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Independencia económica y desarrollo
Authors: Gorosquieta Javier
Published: June 2020

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La coyuntura económica de la provincia de Córdoba 1983 (1)
Authors: Delgado Álvarez Manuel , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo , Suárez Castro Ángel
Published: June 2020

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Sociedad y divorcio
Authors: Higuera Gonzalo
Published: June 2020

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¿Cambios en la política económica?
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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El actual momento de la política económica
Authors: Gorosquieta Javier
Published: June 2020

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El IVA: naturaleza y valoración
Authors: Gorosquieta Javier
Published: June 2020

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Valores humanos de la Reforma de las Enseñanzas Medias
Authors: Ortega García Victorino
Published: June 2020

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Problemas éticos de la defensa
Authors: Benavent Emilio
Published: June 2020

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Una sociedad basada en la carrera de armamentos
Authors: Travé Joan
Published: June 2020

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XXXIV Congreso de UGT:
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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Del Reférendum Otan a las elecciones anticipadas
Authors: Ortega Victorino
Published: June 2020

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Cambio tecnológico y variables culturales
Authors: Marzal Antonio
Published: June 2020

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La agricultura española en el Mercado Común
Authors: Abad Julián
Published: June 2020

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Triple desafío al nuevo gobierno socialista
Authors: Redacción Consejo de
Published: June 2020

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Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix: Composition, Structure and Function
Authors: Ahmad Khurshid , Choi Inho , Lee Yong-Ho
Published: June 2020

The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes, and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
TWO-STEP PROVIDING OF DESIRED QUALITY IN LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION BY SPIHT
Authors: Li Fangfang , Krivenko Sergey , Lukin Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Image information technology has become an important perception technology considering the task of providing lossy image compression with the desired quality using certain encoders Recent researches have shown that the use of a two-step method can perform the compression in a very simple manner and with reduced compression time under the premise of providing a desired visual quality accuracy. However, different encoders have different compression algorithms. These issues involve providing the accuracy of the desired quality. This paper considers the application of the two-step method in an encoder based on a discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the experiment, bits per pixel (BPP) is used as the control parameter to vary and predict the compressed image quality, and three visual quality evaluation metrics (PSNR, PSNR-HVS, PSNR-HVS-M) are analyzed. In special cases, the two-step method is allowed to be modified. This modification relates to the cases when images subject to lossy compression are either too simple or too complex and linear approximation of dependences is no more valid. Experimental data prove that, compared with the single-step method, after performing the two-step compression method, the mean square error of differences between desired and provided values drops by an order of magnitude. For PSNR-HVS-M, the error of the two-step method does not exceed 3.6 dB. The experiment has been conducted for Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), a typical image encoder based on DWT, but it can be expected that the proposed method applies to other DWT-based image compression techniques. The results show that the application range of the two-step lossy compression method has been expanded. It is not only suitable for encoders based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) but also works well for DWT-based encoders.
МІНІМІЗАЦІЯ ЛОГІЧНОЇ СХЕМИ ДЛЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ PSEUDO LRU ШЛЯХОМ МІЖТИПОВОГО ПЕРЕХОДУ У ТРИГЕРНИХ СТРУКТУРАХ
Authors: Пуйденко Вадим Олексійович , Харченко Вячеслав Сергійович
Published: June 2020

The principle of program control means that the processor core turns to the main memory of the computer for operands or instructions. According to architectural features, operands are stored in data segments, and instructions are stored in code segments of the main memory. The operating system uses both page memory organization and segment memory organization. The page memory organization is always mapped to the segment organization. Due to the cached packet cycles of the processor core, copies of the main memory pages are stored in the internal associative cache memory. The associative cache memory consists of three units: a data unit, a tag unit, and an LRU unit. The data unit stores operands or instructions, the tag unit contains fragments of address information, and the LRU unit contains the logic of policy for replacement of string. The missing event attracts LRU logic to decide for substitution of reliable string in the data unit of associative cache memory. The pseudo-LRU algorithm is a simple and better substitution policy among known substitution policies. Two options for the minimization of the hardware for replacement policy by the pseudo-LRU algorithm in q - directed associative cache memory is implemented. The transition from the trigger structure of the synchronous D-trigger to the trigger structure of the synchronous JK-trigger is carried out reasonably in both options. The first option of minimization is based on the sequence for updating of the by the algorithm pseudo LRU, which allows deleting of the combinational logic for updating bits of LRU unit. The second option of minimization is based on the sequence for changing of the q - index of direction, as the consequence for updating the bits of LRU unit by the algorithm pseudo LRU. It allows additionally reducing the number of memory elements. Both options of the minimization allow improving such characteristics as productivity and reliability of the LRU unit.
MODELING OF VIBRATIONAL PROCESSES IN DISCRETE MATRIX STRUC-TURES APPROACH
Authors: Penkin Yuriy , Hara Georgi , Fedoseeva Alina
Published: June 2020

In the article are presented general principles of modeling vibrations in discrete structures formed in the form of special matrix forms of the Latin square (Sudoku type) are presented. The signs of structural and functional self-similarity for the matrix structures of standard Sudoku grids are formulated. It is shown that the structural principle can be interpreted as the implementation of the second iteration in the scale scaling algorithm characteristic of fractal objects. The signs of functional self-similarity of structures include the property of additive conservation of grid shapes to the requirements of Sudoku, which is formulated as a theorem. It is proved that the matrix sums of Sudoku constants and grids of arbitrary sizes, obtained taking into account the introduced cyclic ranking rule, will satisfy the three required Sudoku requirements. It is determined that by performing a given sequence of group shift operators, it is possible to establish a specific scenario for dynamically changing the state of a structure on a discrete time scale. It has been established that the evolution operators of linear-type group translations lead to matrix transformations of Sudoku grids from the set of equivalent ones (concerning the original ones), and the vortex-type group shifts operators to matrix transformations from many essentially different networks. The modes of harmonic, chaotic, and hybrid vibrations for structures of arbitrary size are considered. The requirements for transformations of the operators of the evolution of structures that provide the implementation of the considered modes are formulated. The results of modeling chaotic oscillatory processes by cycles of states of a discrete system that form similarities of attractor paths are analyzed. The principle of synchronization of chaotic states of matrix structures is established. The possibility of simulating the modes of beatings of oscillations in discrete cellular structures organized in the form of two-level matrix forms is substantiated. Specific examples show the results of simulating beatings of oscillations in cycles of changing states of a discrete system for two types of beats: similar to the result of a superposition of harmonic vibrations at multiple frequencies in the theory of radio signals, as well as noise-like beats.
试论小学美术课堂互动教学模式的应用
Authors: 秦 荣辉
Published: June 2020

互动教学中的核心内容是把互动当作课堂教学的主要形式及主旋律，以凸显学生在教学中的主体地位，并且注重师生双方的互动，进而不断提升教学效果。新课改下，互动教学属于一种重要策略，借助互动教学能够强化学生的学习热情。为落实素质教育的具体要求，突出美术的美学价值，在小学阶段的美术教学当中，教师需对教学模式加以灵活选择及运用，这样才可以不断提高教学效果。本文旨在探究互动教学在小学阶段美术课堂中的应用，以对实际教学有所帮助。
大数据专业实验教学创新模式研究
Authors: 张 雯莉
Published: June 2020

信息技术推动了大数据产业的发展，而大数据技术有效的提高了我国的信息共享和传递的速度。现在我国大数据还处于起步发展阶段，大数据资源存在的问题主要体现在数据冗余和数据质量等方面，从而导致了大数据相关的岗位十分紧缺。结合大数据专业背景，本文就课程体系设置、实验内容以及教学模式等方面进行了分析，并提出了教学模式的创新研究。
高校教学秘书工作的实践与思考
Authors: 洪 鑫华 , 王 亦红
Published: June 2020

高校教学秘书作为高校领导者的参谋和服务人员，对于加强高校教学管理具有重要的作用。在新课改的推进下，我国高校面临着严峻的改革局面，所以高校必须加强教学管理工作的创新，完善高校内部的教学制度。而高校教学秘书要发挥重要的价值，就要增强自身的心理素质、道德素质、知识储备以及业务能力等，有效地完善秘书工作。本文针对高校教学秘书在教学管理中的作用做了简要的分析，阐述了当下秘书工作存在的问题，提出了几项提高秘书工作效率的措施，以期不断增强秘书的综合素质，帮助管理者更好的做好高校教学管理工作。
高校心理健康教育示范中心建设的问题与对策研究
Authors: 孟 君
Published: June 2020

培育建设全国高校心理健康教育示范中心，是提高大学生心理健康教育工作质量的重要举措。高校心理中心存在的主要问题包括心理知识宣传普及不成体系，心理咨询服务不能完全满足学生需求，部分高校心理中心硬件设施不完善，医校联动机制不畅通。为此，要建立大、中、小学心理健康教育一体化系统，完善专兼职结合的师资队伍，提升心理功能室的科学化水平和利用率，建立高效、顺畅的医校转介、联动机制。
信息化背景下幼儿教师专业发展存在问题及策略
Authors: 杨 浩 , 李 金霞 , 周 艳霞
Published: June 2020

如今，几乎所有幼儿园教师都已经在使用各种信息技术手段来辅助教学。有的幼儿教师将信息技术应用于课堂实践教学，有的用于准备学习材料，有的用于幼儿学习设计，有的用于家园合作等。教育技术是推动幼儿园教学改革的重要因素之一，它不仅能拉近幼儿教师与幼儿之间的距离，也能够激发幼儿教师挖掘新的教学方法，能够让幼儿教师在教育技术的支持和运用下更加有效的完成教学任务，丰富幼儿教师自身的专业发展。幼儿教师可以利用各种信息化教学手段，解决教育过程中存在的问题。但是幼儿教师在应用信息技术时，也会出现一些障碍和问题。本文对信息化背景下教师专业发展存在的问题及策略了探讨。
学院治理：完善高职院校内部治理结构路径探索
Authors: 李 常能
Published: June 2020

学院治理是完善高职院校内部治理结构的路径趋势，在院校两级治理中，存在着权责失衡导致学院治理主体责任不明、权责下放不同步影响学院治理效能、权力制约存在缺位的风险等问题，平衡校院权力配置，推进权责同步，建立内控体系，是激发高职院校内部校院两级办学活力、完善高职院校内部治理结构的必由之路。
基于“互联网+”的林业信息化创新发展模式研究——以从化流溪河林场为例
Authors: 张 金良
Published: June 2020

林业信息化是林业现代化的重要体现，对提升林业管理水平、优化林业资源配置、提高林木经营管理水平、促进生态可持续发展和提高管理人员素质、推动科技进步等具有重要作用。要依托“互联网＋”深化林业改革，实现资源信息化管理与提质增效；依托“互联网＋”进行技术提升强化资源综合监管与利用，实现生态保护与产业互惠无缝连接；依托“互联网＋”开展全方位生态修复，实现生态体系建设科学有序。
Extubación fallida postoperación de Norwood en pacientes con síndrome de hipoplasia de ventrículo izquierdo
Authors: Herrera J. Adolfo , Springmuller P. Daniel , Del Pozo B. Paulina , Cerda L. Jaime , Adasme J. Rodrigo , Castillo M. Andres
Published: June 2020

En pacientes con Síndrome de Hipoplasia de Ventrículo Izquierdo (SHVI) la primera etapa hacia una fisiología univentricular de Fontan es la operación de Norwood, cuya mortalidad es 10-30%. En estos pacientes la extubación fallida se presenta en un 18% y se ha asociado a aumento de la mortalidad.Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de extubación fallida y sus factores de riesgo en pacientes con SHVI operados (Norwood).Pacientes y Método: Estudio de casos y controles que incluyó a todos los pacientes con SHVI manejados con cirugía de Norwood en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica (enero-2000 a febrero-2018). Se define como casos a pacientes con falla en la extubación y como controles a los pacientes sin esta complicación. Se registraron variables demográficas, quirúrgicas, y post-quirúrgicas, y se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado (regresión logística) para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la falla en la extubación.Resultados: De un total de 107 pacientes, 26 pacientes tuvieron extubación fallida (24,3%). En el análisis univariado los factores asociados a extubación fallida fueron: mayor tiempo de ventilación mecánica postquirúrgico, desarrollar atelectasias, derrame pleural, quilotórax, tener otras comorbilidades respiratorias (apnea y traqueítis), y mayor tiempo de uso de morfina y midazolam. En el análisis multivariado, la presencia de quilotórax, otras comorbilidades respiratorias, y mayor tiempo de uso de midazolam fueron variables asociadas a extubación fallida (p<0,03). La extubación fallida no se asoció a mayor mortalidad.Conclusiones: La presencia de quilotórax, complicaciones respiratorias y uso de midazolam prolongado deben considerarse para definir el momento de la extubación, con el objetivo de evitar su fracaso.
Adolescentes y jóvenes portadores de cardiopatías congénitas en etapa de transferencia a la atención médica de adultos
Authors: Soto Vargas Macarena , Zubarew Tamara , Arancibia-Galilea Ma. Francisca
Published: June 2020

Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC), la malformación congénita más frecuente, han experimentado un aumento de sobrevida y crecimiento exponencial de la población de adolescentes y adultos portadores de CC. Para el éxito a largo plazo urgen intervenciones que optimicen la transición de cuidados de salud desde los servicios pediátricos a los de adulto.Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento y manejo de la enfermedad, autoeficacia y calidad de vida en adolescentes y jóvenes con CC en periodo de transferencia en dos hospitales en Santiago de Chile.Pacientes y Método: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó: a) Encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad y uso de servicios de salud; b) Escala Con-Qol de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con Salud (CVRS) en pacientes con CC y c) Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada (EAG).Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 51 pacientes, 53% hombres, edad promedio de 17 ± 2,49 años. El 22% de las CC fue de complejidad simple, 29% moderada y 49% alta. Presentaron alta autoeficacia y buenos niveles de calidad de vida, sin embargo, mostraron escaso conocimiento y manejo de su enfermedad cardiaca.Conclusiones: Destaca la poca preparación para lograr una transición exitosa a serviciosde adultos y jóvenes portadores de CC, siendo fundamental implementar programas de transición centrados en educación, autocuidado y automanejo de la enfermedad.