bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective C–H bond functionalization of aromatic ketones with 1,6-enynes via photoredox/cobalt dual catalysis
Authors: Maji Kakoli , Thorve Pradip Ramdas , Rai Pramod , Maji Biplab
Published: July 2022

An enantioselective ortho-C(sp2)–H functionalization of ketones with 1,6-enynes is demonstrated via photoredox/cobalt dual catalysis.
Seven Ln(iii) coordination polymers with two kinds of geometric coordination but the same 3D topological property: luminescence sensing and magnetic property
Authors: Wang Ai , Zhang Yatong , Lu Liping , Zhu Miaoli , Yuan Caixia , Feng Sisi
Published: July 2022

Eu–CP (complex 5) could sense Tb3+ions with the lowest LOD of 9.88 nM and Tb–CP (complex 6) shows a high quenching sensitivity towards nitrobenzene (NB) with a LOD of 12.5 nM.
Mechanism of galvanic reduction of selenate oxyanions and surface immobilization by nano zero-valent iron aggregates under anaerobic conditions: towards high electron efficiency
Authors: Chalastara Konstantina , Demopoulos George P.
Published: July 2022

Elucidation of the galvanic mechanism of selenate reduction by nZVI leads to >99.95% removal and record electron efficiency by suppressing H2 evolution via in situ Se doping.
A direct Z-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite for enhanced polymer-containing oilfield sewage degradation under visible light
Authors: Zhang Xinqing , Xia Li , Liu Chao , Cheng Xiaobo , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2022

Photocatalysts g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 with Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation HPAM efficiencies because the synergistically photocatalytic HPAM degradation by ˙OH and ˙O2−.
Defect engineering and spilt-over hydrogen in Pt/(WO3–TH2) for selective hydrogenation of CO bonds
Authors: Liu Yanchun , Wang Xinchao , Zhang Chao , Xu Qiu , Dang Lingling , Zhao Xia , Tan Huaqiao , Li Yangguang , Zhao Fengyu
Published: July 2022

The effect of defects in pre-treatment WOx on the catalytic performance of selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol has been revealed.
Organocatalytic formal [3 + 3] cyclization of α-(6-indolyl) propargylic alcohols
Authors: Yue Zhibin , Wang Ziyang , Zhang Yunfeng , Chen Xuling , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun
Published: July 2022

A acetic acid mediated 1,10-conjugate addition-mediated formal [3 + 3] cyclization of alkynyl indole imine methides formedin situfrom α-(6-indolyl) propargylic alcohols with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxycoumarins and cyclohexane-1,3-diones was developed.
Nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction: a useful tool in organic synthesis
Authors: Bhakta Sayantika , Ghosh Tapas
Published: July 2022

The nickel-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction opens up new routes to access complex organic compounds in a highly regio and stereoselective fashion from easily available precursors, such as olefin, alkyne, arene, aryl halide, and aryl boronic acid.
An electron-deficient supramolecular macrocyclic host for the selective separation of aromatics and cyclic aliphatics
Authors: Zeng Fei , Xiao Xin-Sheng , Gong Shao-Feng , Yuan Lin , Tang Lin-Li
Published: July 2022

Host 1 with an electron-deficient nanometer-sized cavity were synthesized in two steps. Moreover, 1 has been successfully used as a gas chromatographic stationary phase to prepare a packed column for the separation of PhH/Cy and Tol/MCy.
Computational insights into the formation and nature of the sulfilimine bond in collagen-IV
Authors: Roy Anupom , Alnakhli Taqred H. , Gauld James W.
Published: July 2022

The proposed mechanisms for formation of the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV, and effects of protonation on the nature and properties of the bond have been computationally examined.
Hemilabile MIC^N ligands allow oxidant-free Au(i)/Au(iii) arylation-lactonization of γ-alkenoic acids
Authors: Font Pau , Valdés Hugo , Guisado-Barrios Gregorio , Ribas Xavi
Published: July 2022

A novel hemilabile MIC^N ligand-based Au(i)-catalytic procedure for the synthesis of γ-substituted γ-butyrolactones through the arylation-lactonization reaction of the corresponding γ-alkenoic acid is presented.
A bi-cyclic co-optimization method for sizing of electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage microgrid
Authors: Han Ying , Li Luoyi , Chen Weirong , Hou Yujing , Zhang Jiefu
Published: July 2022

Due to the nonlinear and strong coupling relationships between the sizing parameters of the microgrid components and the operation strategy parameters, this paper proposes a bi-cycle co-optimization method for optimal sizing the microgrid components cost-effectively.
Anisotropic microfluidics and flow monitoring with a microchannel towards soft-matter sensing
Authors: Zhao Si-Chun , Yuan Cong-Long , Wang Yi-Fei , Sun Pei-Zhi , Liu Bing-Hui , Hu Hong-Long , Shen Dong , Zheng Zhi-Gang
Published: July 2022

Flow monitoring of a fluid confined in a regular microchamber has become essential for fundamental studies and applications, resulting in a bloom in microfluidic techniques.
A 275‐GHz push–push voltage‐controlled oscillator with −3.2 dBm output power using capacitance splitting feedback technique in 40‐nm CMOS
Authors: Nath Surajit Kumar , Yoon Daekeun
Published: July 2022

In this letter, we present a 275‐GHz push–push voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) employing the capacitance splitting feedback (CSF) technique. The proposed CSF technique improves the oscillation frequency as well as the oscillator's harmonic output power and DC‐RF efficiency. The proposed VCO is fabricated in 40‐nm CMOS technology. From the measurement, a high output power of −3.2 dBm is achieved at 273.6 GHz with a frequency tuning range of 2.47% and a DC‐RF efficiency of 1.26%.
Extended population associated with W40
Authors: Comerón F. , Djupvik A. A. , Schneider N.
Published: July 2022

Context. W40 is a heavily obscured bipolar HII region projected in the direction of the Aquila Rift and ionized by hot stars in a central, partly embedded cluster. The study of the cluster and its surroundings has been greatly hampered thus far by the strong extinction in the region.

Aims. Our aim is to improve the characterization of the W40 central cluster in terms of the census of its members and their spectral classification. We also search for other members of the region outside the central cluster, with a particular interest in previously unidentified massive members that may contribute to the energy budget powering the expansion of the HII region.

Methods. We used the Gaia eDR3 catalog to establish astrometric membership criteria based on the population of the W40 central cluster, reassess the distance of the region, and use this information to identify new members, both inside and outside the cluster. We obtained visible spectroscopy in the red spectral region to classify both known and new members, complemented with Gaia and Spitzer photometry to assess the evolutionary status of the stellar population.

Results. Based on stars with high quality Gaia astrometry, we derive a high-confidence geometric distance to the W40 region of 502 pc ± 4 pc and we confirm the presence of a comoving extended population of stars at the same distance, spreading over the whole projected area of the HII region and beyond. Spectral classifications are presented for 21 members of the W40 region, 10 of them belonging to the central cluster. One of the newly identified B stars in the extended population is clearly interacting with the shell surrounding the HII region, giving rise to a small arc-shaped nebula that traces a bow shock. The infrared excess properties suggest that the extended population is significantly older (∼3 Myr) than the W40 central cluster (< 1 Myr).

Conclusions. The area currently occupied by the W40 HII region and its surroundings has a history of star formation extending at least several million years in the past. The formation of the W40 central cluster and the subsequent HII region is one of the latest episodes of these processes. The newly determined distance suggests that W40 is behind, as well as physically detached from, a pervasive large dust layer, which is some 60 pc foreground with respect to it, as determined by previous studies.
A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Albizia zygia Induced Apoptosis by Reduction of Mitochondrial Potential Status in Malignant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Simo Line Made , Messi Lin Marcellin , Mbing Joséphine Ngo , Muller Christian D. , Boyom Fabrice Fekam , Begoudé Aime-Didier Boyogueno , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Haddad Mohamed , Noté Olivier Placide
Published: July 2022

In our ongoing research program on the proapoptotic function of saponins, two previously undescribed saponins, named zygiaosides E (1) and F (2), were isolated from the leaves
of Albizia zygia. Their structures were established based on extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data, HR-ESI-MS analysis, and by chemical degradation. The proapoptotic effect of
zygiaoside E (1) was evaluated on human malignant melanoma (A375), human epidermoid cancer (A431), and normal Homo sapiens skin tissue (TE 353.SK.) cell lines by cytometric analysis.
Zygiaoside E (1) induced apoptosis of the two human cancer cell lines (A375 and A431) in a dose-dependent manner at 1 µM but did not induce apoptosis in noncancerous skin cells (TE
353.Sk), even when treated with concentrations up to 15 µM. The underlying mechanism of the apoptosis induction activity of zygiaoside E (1) on the mitochondrial membrane potential
status in A375 cells was further assessed by monitoring the uptake rate of DiOC6, a mitochondrial specific and voltage-dependent fluorescent dye. The number of malignant melanoma cells
emitting high fluorescence levels was decreased when cells were treated with 3 or 5 µM of zygiaoside E (1) during either 12 or 24 h, thereby revealing a drop of mitochondrial membrane
potential in A375 cells upon treatment, which indicated mitochondrial perturbation.
Multimodale Therapie bei lokal fortgeschrittenem kutanem Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Garzarolli Marlene , Bota Olimpiu , Meinhardt Matthias , Juratli Tareq , Meier Friedegund
Published: July 2022

Die Therapieoptionen für lokal fortgeschrittene oder metastasierte Plattenepithelkarzinome waren bisher stark begrenzt und nicht standardisiert. Durch die Zulassung des monoklonalen Antikörpers Cemiplimab, der gegen den programmed death-1-Rezeptor (PD-1) gerichtet ist, hat sich die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten deutlich gebessert, wobei z.T. anhaltende Komplettremissionen erzielt werden können.

In der vorgestellten Kasuistik wurde ein multimorbider, 81-jähriger Patient aufgrund eines ausgedehnten Plattenepithelkarzinoms frontoparietal mit Schädelkalotteninfiltration und Einbruch nach intrakraniell zunächst mit Cemiplimab behandelt. Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen sind nicht aufgetreten. Bei klinischer und radiologischer Remission wurde der Restbefund interdisziplinär operativ versorgt, wobei die defekte Schädelkalotte rekonstruiert wurde. Histologisch wurde eine pathologische Komplettremission des Plattenepithelkarzinoms nachgewiesen. 6 Monate postoperativ ergab sich kein Anhalt für ein Lokalrezidiv oder Metastasen.

Dieser Fall zeigt exemplarisch einen Patienten, der trotz seines hohen Alters und Ko-Morbidität von der Therapie mit Cemiplimab profitiert hat. Darüber hinaus demonstriert dieser Fall die Relevanz eines interdisziplinären/multimodalen Therapieregimes im Management dieser in der Inzidenz deutlich ansteigenden Tumorentität.
Curcumin Upregulates miR-148a to Increase the Chemosensitivity of
CD44-Positive Prostate Cancer Stem Cells to Paclitaxel Through Targeting the
MSK1/IRS1 axis
Authors: Vatankhah Mohammad Amin , Panahizadeh Reza , Nejati-Koshki Kazem , Arabzadeh Mahsa , Arabzadeh Amir Ahmad , Najafzadeh Nowruz
Published: July 2022

Background In men, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cause of
cancer-related death. However, paclitaxel resistance is a major challenge in
advanced PC. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, has been demonstrated to have
cytotoxic effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). The goal of this study is to
explore if curcumin can help lower chemoresistance to paclitaxel through the
regulation of miR-148a-mediated apoptosis in prostate CSCs.

Methods The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPi) labeling were used
to determine cell survival. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the
expression of P-glycoprotein protein (P-gp) and CD44 proteins. Finally,
real-time PCR was used to evaluate the regulatory effects of curcumin and
paclitaxel on miR-148a and its target genes.

Results Curcumin and paclitaxel co-treatment significantly reduced the
IC50 value in CD44+cells compared to
paclitaxel alone. Additionally, combining these drugs considerably increased
apoptosis in CD44+cells. We also discovered that when
curcumin and paclitaxel were combined, the expression of CD44 and P-gp was
significantly reduced compared to paclitaxel alone. Curcumin and paclitaxel
co-treatment also increased miR-148a levels and regulated the levels of its
target genes MSK1 and IRS1.

Conclusion Curcumin may restore paclitaxel sensitivity by raising miR-148a
expression and inhibiting its target genes.
Diagnose Krebs: Wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken
Authors: Apondo Sandra , Bein Thomas , Schönhofer Bernd
Published: July 2022

Vordergründig betrachtet sind wir Ärzte gesunde Helfer, die Patienten kranke Hilfsbedürftige. Wir tragen den weißen Kittel, sie das Flügelhemd. Einige von uns sind selbst Patienten und wir alle haben schon kranke Ärzte behandelt. Was passiert, wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken? Wir drei krebskranke Ärzte berichten über unseren Perspektivwechsel. Unsere Erfahrungen ermöglichen uns, vom Ende her zu denken, und prägen nachhaltig unseren Blick auf die moderne Medizin.
Behandlung in zertifizierten Lungenzentren (DKG) – Entscheidungsfaktoren von Patienten mit Lungenkrebs
Authors: Schirrmacher Raja , Rieger Benjamin , Justenhoven Christina
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Lungenkrebs ist weltweit eine der häufigsten
Todesursache. Die Einführung von Zertifizierungsprogrammen soll u.a. die krebsspezifische
Mortalität senken.

Fragestellung In diesem Zusammenhang ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Faktoren Patienten beeinflussen, um für die Behandlung eine DKG-zertifizierte Einrichtung zu wählen.

Methoden Anhand der Daten des Krebsregisters Rheinland-Pfalz wurden Charakteristika von Patienten verglichen, die in DKG-zertifizierten bzw. nicht zertifizierten Einrichtungen behandelt wurden. Der Datensatz umfasste dabei Patienten mit Diagnosestellung zwischen 2016 und 2020 (n=8.687).

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass knapp 24% der Patienten mit Lungenkrebs in DKG-zertifizierten Krebszentren behandelt wurden. Die Wohnregion sowie das T-Status scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Entscheidung zur Behandlung in einem DKG-zertifizierten Zentrum zu haben.

Schlussfolgerung Der Zertifizierungsprozess ist komplex. Aus diesem Grund ist es von besonderem Interesse zu verstehen, welche Faktoren die Entscheidung von Patienten zur Behandlung in einer bestimmten Einrichtung beeinflussen.
Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: Where are we heading?
Authors: Koleth Glenn , Emmanue James , Spadaccini Marco , Mascagni Pietro , Khalaf Kareem , Mori Yuichi , Antonelli Giulio , Maselli Roberta , Carrara Silvia , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Pellegatta Gaia , Fugazza Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Selvaggio Carmelo , Bretthauer Michael , Aghemo Alessio , Spinelli Antonino , Savevski Victor , Sharma Prateek , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to impact several fields within gastroenterology. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, AI-based tools have translated into clinical practice faster than expected. We aimed to evaluate the status of research for AI in gastroenterology while predicting its future applications.

Methods All studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov up to November 2021 were analyzed. The studies included used AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hepatology, and pancreatobiliary diseases. Data regarding the study field, methodology, endpoints, and publication status were retrieved, pooled, and analyzed to observe underlying temporal and geographical trends.

Results Of the 103 study entries retrieved according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 76 (74 %) were based on AI application to gastrointestinal endoscopy, mainly for detection and characterization of colorectal neoplasia (52/103, 50 %). Image analysis was also more frequently reported than data analysis for pancreaticobiliary (six of 10 [60 %]), liver diseases (eight of nine [89 %]), and IBD (six of eight [75 %]). Overall, 48 of 103 study entries (47 %) were interventional and 55 (53 %) observational. In 2018, one of eight studies (12.5 %) were interventional, while in 2021, 21 of 34 (61.8 %) were interventional, with an inverse ratio between observational and interventional studies during the study period. The majority of the studies were planned as single-center (74 of 103 [72 %]) and more were in Asia (45 of 103 [44 %]) and Europe (44 of 103 [43 %]).

Conclusions AI implementation in gastroenterology is dominated by computer-aided detection and characterization of colorectal neoplasia. The timeframe for translational research is characterized by a swift conversion of observational into interventional studies.
Semi-supervised physics guided deep learning framework: An application in modeling of gallium nitride based high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Mishra Shivanshu , Gaikwad Bipin , Chaturvedi Nidhi
Published: July 2022

This research article proposes a deep learning framework that addresses two major hurdles in adopting deep learning techniques for solving physics-based problems. One is the requirement of a large data set for training the deep learning (DL) model and another is the consistency of a DL model with the physics of a phenomenon. The framework is generic that can be applied to model a phenomenon in physics if its behavior is known. A semi-supervised physics guided neural network (SPGNN) has been developed based on our framework to demonstrate the concept. SPGNN models the I–V characteristics of gallium nitride based high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs). A two-stage method has been proposed to train a DL model. In the first stage, the DL model is trained via an unsupervised learning method using the analytical physics-based model of a field-effect transistor (FET) as a loss function of the DL model that incorporates the physics of the FET in the DL model. Later, the DL model is fine-tuned with a small set of experimental data in the second stage. Performance of SPGNN has been assessed on various sizes of the data set with 100, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 samples. SPGNN significantly reduces the training data requirement by more than 80% and provides better performance than a traditionally trained neural network (TTNN), even for the unseen test data set. SPGNN predicts 32.4% of the unseen test data with less than 1% of error and only 0.4% of the unseen test data with more than 10% of error.
Plasma facing components with capillary porous system and liquid metal coolant flow
Authors: Khodak Andrei , Maingi Rajesh
Published: July 2022

Liquid metal can create a renewable protective surface on plasma facing components (PFC), with an additional advantage of deuterium pumping and the prospect of tritium extraction if liquid lithium (LL) is used and maintained below 450 °C, the temperature above which LL vapor pressure begins to contaminate the plasma. LM can also be utilized as an efficient coolant, driven by the Lorentz force created with the help of the magnetic field in fusion devices. Capillary porous systems can serve as a conduit of LM and simultaneously provide stabilization of the LM flow, protecting against spills into the plasma. Recently, a combination of a fast-flowing LM cooling system with a porous plasma facing wall (CPSF) was investigated [A. Khodak and R. Maingi, Nucl. Mater. Energy 26, 100935 (2021)]. The system takes an advantage of a magnetohydrodynamics velocity profile as well as attractive LM properties to promote efficient heat transfer from the plasma to the LL at low pumping energy cost, relative to the incident heat flux on the PFC. In the case of a disruption leading to excessive heat flux from the plasma to the LM PFCs, LL evaporation can stabilize the PFC surface temperature, due to high evaporation heat and apparent vapor shielding. The proposed CPSF was optimized analytically for the conditions of a fusion nuclear science facility [Kessel et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 75, 886 (2019)]: 10 T toroidal field and 10 MW/m2 peak incident heat flux. Computational fluid dynamics analysis confirmed that a CPSF system with 2.5 mm square channels can pump enough LL so that no additional coolant is needed.
Axisymmetric slow motion of a non-deformable spherical droplet or slip particle toward an orifice in a plane wall
Authors: Nashwan M. G. , Ragab Kareem E. , Faltas M. S.
Published: July 2022

This paper reports the axisymmetric motion of a viscous droplet or solid spherical particle with a slip-flow surface that moves perpendicular toward an orifice in a plane wall. The motion is studied in the quasi-steady limit under a low Reynolds number. To maintain the spherical shape of the droplet, we assumed that the interfacial tension is very large. The radius of the droplet/particle may be either smaller or larger than the radius of the orifice. A general solution is established from fundamental solutions in both spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems. A semi-analytical approach based on dual integral equations and a collocation scheme is used. Numerical results show that the normalized drag coefficient acting on the droplet/particle is obtained with good convergence for different values of slip parameter, viscosity ratio, and spacing parameters. The findings demonstrate that the collocation results of the drag coefficient are consistent with the limiting cases available in the literature.
Gas–surface interactions in a large-scale inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel investigated by emission/absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Fang Sihan , Lin Xin , Zeng Hui , Zhu Xingying , Zhou Fa , Yang Junna , Li Fei , Ou Dongbin , Yu Xilong
Published: July 2022

Precise prediction of aerothermal loads is significantly limited by the unclear interactions between the thermal protection system surface and the surrounding high-enthalpy gas. To address this, we propose an optical diagnostic method based on optical emission spectroscopy and laser absorption spectroscopy to investigate the gas–surface interactions within the boundary layer. Experiments are conducted in an air plasma flow produced by the 1.2 MW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel at the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics with an enthalpy of 20 MJ/kg and a heating time of 100 s. The cylindrical samples made of pure silicon carbide are tested, and quartz samples with the same exposed geometry are tested in parallel as a reference material. The optical emission spectroscopy system has four spectrometers to cover the wide wavelength range of 200–1100 nm, providing qualitative, spatially, and spectrally resolved measurements of the multi-species radiative emission adjacent to the sample surface. Laser absorption spectroscopy is deployed at different axial locations to quantify the number density and translational temperature of OI (3s5S) with a 500 Hz scanning rate and 200 kHz acquisition rate. Additionally, the surface temperature of each sample is detected by an infrared pyrometer. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry are performed before and after the plasma heating. Our measurement results provide valuable information on surface reaction pathways and catalytic recombination effects on atomic oxygen number density distributions. Finally, these self-consistent results show that the proposed method is reliable to deeply investigate gas–surface interactions within boundary layer in harsh aerothermal environment.
Rate of spread and flaming zone velocities of surface fires from visible and thermal image processing
Authors: Schumacher B. , Melnik K. O. , Katurji M. , Zhang J. , Clifford V. , Pearce H. G.
Published: July 2022

This study presents two new remote sensing approaches that can be used to derive rate of spread and flaming zone velocities of a wildfire at very high spatiotemporal resolution. Time sequential image tracking from thermal or visible video collected on uncrewed aerial vehicles is used to estimate instantaneous spatial rate of spread of a surface fire. The techniques were developed using experimental wheat‐stubble burns carried out near Darfield, New Zealand, in March 2019. The thermal tracking technique is based on Thermal Image Velocimetry, which tracks evolving temperature patterns within an infrared video. The visible tracking technique uses colour thresholding, and tracks fire perimeter progression through time at pixel resolution. Results show that the visible perimeter tracking creates a higher mean rate of spread compared to thermal image velocimetry. The visible perimeter tracking provides rate of spread measurements for fire front progression whereas the thermal tracking techniqueis computationally more expensive, but can resolve velocities of thermal structures within the flaming zone and provides spatiotemporal rate of spread measurements. Both techniques are available as open‐source code and providevital scientific data for new studies concerning e.g. fire–atmospheric interactions or model validation. They may be adapted for operational purposes providing rate of spread at high spatiotemporal resolution.
The expansion of chemical space in 1826 and in the 1840s prompted the convergence to the periodic system
Authors: Leal Wilmer , Llanos Eugenio J. , Bernal Andrés , Stadler Peter F. , Jost Jürgen , Restrepo Guillermo
Published: July 2022

The periodic system, which intertwines order and similarity among chemical elements, arose from knowledge about substances constituting the chemical space. Little is known, however, about how the expansion of the space contributed to the emergence of the system—formulated in the 1860s. Here, we show by analyzing the space between 1800 and 1869 that after an unstable period culminating around 1826, chemical space led the system to converge to a backbone structure clearly recognizable in the 1840s. Hence, the system was already encoded in the space for about two and half decades before its formulation. Chemical events in 1826 and in the 1840s were driven by the discovery of new forms of combination standing the test of time. Emphasis of the space upon organic chemicals after 1830 prompted the recognition of relationships among elements participating in the organic turn and obscured some of the relationships among transition metals. To account for the role of nineteenth century atomic weights upon the system, we introduced an algorithm to adjust the space according to different sets of weights, which allowed for estimating the resulting periodic systems of chemists using one or the other weights. By analyzing these systems, from Dalton up to Mendeleev, Gmelin’s atomic weights of 1843 produce systems remarkably similar to that of 1869, a similarity that was reinforced by the atomic weights on the years to come. Although our approach is computational rather than historical, we hope it can complement other tools of the history of chemistry.
Swearing in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties
Authors: Zhao Ming
Published: July 2022

Swearing is a verbal act in which the main language structure is composed of multiple swear words. The reasons for
studying swearing include the need to know what lexical items might be used for swearing. For this reason, it is critical to
determine the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs which underlie curse words. This paper constructs a thesaurus of the
swearing vocabulary used in the late-Yuan and early-Ming dynasty novel, Shuǐhǔ zhuàn (水浒传). It analyzes the pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs
surrounding swearing during those dynasties by means of exhaustive measurement, offering a better understanding of those
pragmatics and beliefs and showing how Chinese people swore or used abusive language at that time. This paper indicates that those
Yuan and Ming pragmatic principles and cultural beliefs also underlie the ways in which modern Chinese people swear.
Exploiting CMC@Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a multi-functional component for hydrogel fabrication
Authors: Wu Huiqiong , Lei Yulai , Wang Jingxing , Tan Yun , Song Xianwen , Zheng Jun , He Ting , Zhou Xuelong , Liu Chuntai , Kjøniksen Anna-Lena , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2022

Hydrogels have been widely applied in the fields of biology, medicine, soft materials and flexible/wearable devices owing to their superior biocompatibility and their versatile physicochemical properties. Although multiple chemical and physical methods have been proposed to functionalize hydrogels, endowing hydrogels with multi-properties/functionalities utilizing few components is still a challenge. This paper describes a simple and effective method to functionalize polymeric hydrogels with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CMC@Fe3O4 NPs). The as-prepared metallogels exhibit good self-healing ability, ionic conductivity, photo-thermal transformability and magnetic field responsiveness. A triple functional sensor was built up to prove the universal viability of this metallogel toward functional devices.
Magnetic nanoparticles embedded in microlasers for controlled transport in different sensing media
Authors: Mai Hanh Hong , Hoang Van Huy , Luu Manh Quynh , Nguyen Trong Tam , Nguyen Hoang Nam , Tien Do Xuan , Khoi Giang Manh , Nguyen Toan T , Choi Youngwoon , Choi Wonshik , Ta Van Duong
Published: July 2022

In recent years, whispering gallery mode microlasers have attracted tremendous interest in sensing due to their ultra-high sensitivity at atomic levels. However, due to the non-magnetic properties, it is difficult to locate the microlasers at hard-to-reach positions, thus, limiting their sensing potential in many in-vitro and in-vivo applications. In this work, we report magnetic microlasers fabricated by encapsulating Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within their cavity made of bovine serum albumin. The presence of MNPs allows the transportable actuation of the magnetic microlasers while maintaining lasing emission characteristics. Microlasers with various concentrations of MNPs are investigated to identify the optimum concentration that can balance a good magnetization, a low lasing threshold, and a high quality (Q) factor. These magnetic microlasers can be employed for sensing applications where sensors need to be navigated through different sensing media. As a proof of concept, we observed a clear shift of lasing wavelength of a magnetic microlaser while dragging it through different adjacent media by magnetic navigation. This result demonstrates the potential applications of magnetic microlasers for future biological and chemical applications.
Polyphase codes for multiplexed acoustic signalling and sensing on pipes
Authors: Syms Richard R A , Noorwali Aiman
Published: July 2022

Transmission of acoustic signals between distributed sensor nodes may be useful for status monitoring of elongated structures such as pipelines. In principle, coded signals can be used in an asynchronous multiplexed system, provided the signals are distinguishable. However, multimode effects complicate signal propagation, so any such codes should be short. A search for polyphase code families with properties suitable for acoustic code division multiple access is presented. Algorithms for reduction of search space to allow use of a laptop for code discovery are described. Short codes of base 6 are shown to outperform codes of bases 2, 3, 4 and sets suitable for systems with 2 and 3 users are identified. The codes have similar properties to Barker codes but larger sidelobes. Their use is demonstrated by simulation and experiment at kHz frequencies using an air-filled copper pipe, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a microphone designed to excite and detect the

L

0
,
1

mode. Low loss propagation over 25 m is achieved with a 20 kHz carrier. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is demonstrated, with performance limited by transducer bandwidth.
A review of arc-discharge method towards large-scale preparation of long linear carbon chains
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan
Published: July 2022

Linear carbon chains as new one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials attract attention for the predicted outstanding properties. However, the high reactivity of linear carbon chains hampers further experimental research. To date, different methods have been developed to synthesize new materials containing linear carbon chains. Among them, the arc-discharge method is a practical way to prepare both finite and infinite linear carbon chains. This review provides a brief discussion of the recent progress in the techniques to prepare carbon chain-based materials and then focuses on the arc-discharge method. The configuration of apparatus, optimal conditions, and the corresponding mechanism of arc-discharge method to prepare long linear carbon chain inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes are summarized in detail. The characterization techniques are introduced to evaluate the quality of products. Moreover, remaining challenges and perspectives are presented for further investigation of long linear carbon chains.
Quantum phase transitions in CePdAl probed by ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements
Authors: Zhao Hengcan , Lyu Meng , Zhang Jiahao , Zhang Shuai , Sun Peijie
Published: July 2022

CePdAl has been recently recognized as a frustrated antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound with a pressure- or field-tuned, extended quantum critical phase at zero temperature. Identifying characteristic signatures of the emerging quantum critical phase, which are expected to be distinct from those near a quantum critical point, remains challenging. In this work, by performing ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements down to very low temperatures in a 3He–4He dilution refrigerator in the presence of magnetic field, we are able to obtain some crucial thermodynamic and thermal transport features of the quantum critical phase, including a frustration-related elastic softening detected by ultrasound and a Fermi-surface change probed by thermoelectric effect.
Watt-level, green-pumped optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate with high extraction efficiency
Authors: Yu Hang-Hang , Zhang Zhi-Tao , Xuan Hong-Wen
Published: July 2022

We report a compact, efficient optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal pumped by a 532 nm laser, which generated 1.51 W of average power at the signal wavelength of 709 nm with the pulse duration of ∼ 1.0 ns. The extraction efficiency was up to 59%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Watt-level green-pumped PPKTP-based singly resonant oscillator OPO (SRO-OPO). The precise build-up time of OPO was determined to be 1.6 ns benefitting from the characteristic of twin-peak pulse profile of pump beam. The spectrum width of the idler was also measured to be 4.2 nm with the central wavelength of 2134 nm at 0.2 nm spectral resolution of optical spectrum analyzer. In addition, the beam quality of M
2 < 1.9 of generated signal exhibits a good consistency with M
2 < 1.5 for the pump source.
Towards a real-time tracking of an expanding alien bee species in Southeast Europe through citizen science and floral host monitoring
Authors: Bila Dubaić J , Lanner J , Rohrbach C , Meimberg H , Wyatt F , Čačija M , Galešić M , Ješovnik A , Samurović K , Plećaš M , Raičević J , Ćetković A
Published: July 2022

Citizen science, a practice of public participation in scientific projects, is popular in Western countries, however, it is still a relatively novel approach in Southeast Europe. In this region, citizen science can be a useful tool for increasing the understanding of alien species. One such species is the sculptured resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis, a putatively invasive alien pollinator native to East Asia. It was introduced to France in 2008, from where it quickly spread across West and Central Europe. However, our knowledge of its eastern distribution is scarce since it is based mostly on isolated findings. We combined citizen science and data extraction from online sources (e.g., naturalist’s databases and social media) covering 6 years, and 3 years of targeted floral resource monitoring in the search for M. sculpturalis across regions of southeastern Europe. We collected presence data and information on M. sculpturalis abundances across an urban-rural gradient from eight countries: Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, and the region of the Crimean Peninsula. We present the first country records for Romania, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, identify the dynamic expansion front in southern Serbia and provide new southernmost occurrences in Southeast Europe. We also collected data on species ecology (e.g., phenology, pollen/nectar sources, nest characteristics) and gathered evidence of reproducing populations of this species across the studied region. Citizen science data provided a five times larger spatial coverage, including recordings from remote locations, than the data collected by expert field surveys and provided critical additional data about the species biology, thanks to exceptionally engaged participants. We emphasize the importance of close collaboration between regional scientist teams and citizen participants and the benefits of this approach for monitoring a species with a continent-wide spread potential.
RG-Flow: a hierarchical and explainable flow model based on renormalization group and sparse prior
Authors: Hu Hong-Ye , Wu Dian , You Yi-Zhuang , Olshausen Bruno , Chen Yubei
Published: July 2022

Flow-based generative models have become an important class of unsupervised learning approaches. In this work, we incorporate the key ideas of renormalization group (RG) and sparse prior distribution to design a hierarchical flow-based generative model, RG-Flow, which can separate information at different scales of images and extract disentangled representations at each scale. We demonstrate our method on synthetic multi-scale image datasets and the CelebA dataset, showing that the disentangled representations enable semantic manipulation and style mixing of the images at different scales. To visualize the latent representations, we introduce receptive fields for flow-based models and show that the receptive fields of RG-Flow are similar to those of convolutional neural networks. In addition, we replace the widely adopted isotropic Gaussian prior distribution by the sparse Laplacian distribution to further enhance the disentanglement of representations. From a theoretical perspective, our proposed method has

O
(
log
L
)

complexity for inpainting of an image with edge length L, compared to previous generative models with

O
(

L
2

)

complexity.
On Sobolev orthogonal polynomials on a triangle
Authors: Marriaga Misael
Published: July 2022

We use the invariance of the triangle

T

2

=
{
(
x
,
y
)
∈

R

2

:

0
⩽
x
,
y
,

1
−
x
−
y
}

\mathbf {T}^2=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb {R}^2:\, 0\leqslant x,y,\, 1-x-y\}

under the permutations of

{
x
,
y
,
1
−
x
−
y
}

\{x,y,1-x-y\}

to construct and study two-variable orthogonal polynomial systems with respect to several distinct Sobolev inner products defined on

T

2

\mathbf {T}^2

. These orthogonal polynomials can be constructed from two sequences of univariate orthogonal polynomials. In particular, one of the two univariate sequences of polynomials is orthogonal with respect to a Sobolev inner product and the other is a sequence of classical Jacobi polynomials.
LanceOtron: a deep learning peak caller for genome sequencing experiments
Authors: Hentges Lance D , Sergeant Martin J , Cole Christopher B , Downes Damien J , Hughes Jim R , Taylor Stephen
Published: July 2022

Motivation

Genome sequencing experiments have revolutionized molecular biology by allowing researchers to identify important DNA-encoded elements genome wide. Regions where these elements are found appear as peaks in the analog signal of an assay’s coverage track, and despite the ease with which humans can visually categorize these patterns, the size of many genomes necessitates algorithmic implementations. Commonly used methods focus on statistical tests to classify peaks, discounting that the background signal does not completely follow any known probability distribution and reducing the information-dense peak shapes to simply maximum height. Deep learning has been shown to be highly accurate for many pattern recognition tasks, on par or even exceeding human capabilities, providing an opportunity to reimagine and improve peak calling.

Results

We present the peak calling framework LanceOtron, which combines deep learning for recognizing peak shape with multifaceted enrichment calculations for assessing significance. In benchmarking ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and DNase-seq, LanceOtron outperforms long-standing, gold-standard peak callers through its improved selectivity and near-perfect sensitivity.

Availability and implementation

A fully featured web application is freely available from LanceOtron.molbiol.ox.ac.uk, command line interface via python is pip installable from PyPI at https://pypi.org/project/lanceotron/, and source code and benchmarking tests are available at https://github.com/LHentges/LanceOtron.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers accurately predict cognitive and neuropathological outcomes
Authors: Long Justin M , Coble Dean W , Xiong Chengjie , Schindler Suzanne E , Perrin Richard J , Gordon Brian A , Benzinger Tammie L S , Grant Elizabeth , Fagan Anne M , Harari Oscar , Cruchaga Carlos , Holtzman David M , Morris John C
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers are widely accepted as surrogate markers of underlying neuropathological changes. However, few studies have evaluated whether preclinical Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers predict Alzheimer’s neuropathology at autopsy. We sought to determine whether amyloid PET imaging or CSF biomarkers accurately predict cognitive outcomes and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological findings.

This study included 720 participants, 42–91 years of age, who were enrolled in longitudinal studies of memory and aging in the Washington University Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center and were cognitively normal at baseline, underwent amyloid PET imaging and/or CSF collection within 1 year of baseline clinical assessment, and had subsequent clinical follow-up. Cognitive status was assessed longitudinally by Clinical Dementia Rating®. Biomarker status was assessed using predefined cut-offs for amyloid PET imaging or CSF p-tau181/amyloid-β42. Subsequently, 57 participants died and underwent neuropathologic examination. Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes were assessed using standard criteria. We assessed the predictive value of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker status on progression to cognitive impairment and for presence of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes.

Among cognitively normal participants with positive biomarkers, 34.4% developed cognitive impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating > 0) as compared to 8.4% of those with negative biomarkers. Cox proportional hazards modelling indicated that preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarker status, APOE ɛ4 carrier status, polygenic risk score and centred age influenced risk of developing cognitive impairment. Among autopsied participants, 90.9% of biomarker-positive participants and 8.6% of biomarker-negative participants had Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes. Sensitivity was 87.0%, specificity 94.1%, positive predictive value 90.9% and negative predictive value 91.4% for detection of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes by preclinical biomarkers. Single CSF and amyloid PET baseline biomarkers were also predictive of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes, as well as Thal phase and Braak stage of pathology at autopsy. Biomarker-negative participants who developed cognitive impairment were more likely to exhibit non-Alzheimer's disease pathology at autopsy.

The detection of preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarkers is strongly predictive of future cognitive impairment and accurately predicts presence of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy.
Glaucoma Detection Using Multiple Feature Set With Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Shyla N S Jeya , Emmanuel W R Sam
Published: July 2022

One of the most widespread illnesses of blindness is glaucoma. Optic nerve are essentialfor clear vision, but glaucoma effects the optic nerves and results blurred vision. This condition is often exacerbated by abnormally high intra-ocular pressure. Accurate early identification and continuous screening can help to minimize loss of vision. A non-invasive computer-aided diagnosis treatment uses optical fundus images to detect glaucoma in its early stages. This work includes image preprocessing, optic disk (OD) segmentation, feature extraction from the OD and recurrent neural network classification to identify glaucoma. The performance of the proposed system is tested using fundus image datasets such as DRISHTI-GS and Large-Scale Attention-Based Glaucoma (LAG). By this method, glaucoma detection accuracyof 96.1% is obtained for DRISHTI-GS and 92.73% for LAG dataset, which is higher thanthe existing state of arts. Proposed procedure can help ophthalmologists diagnose glaucomawith good performance.
Impacts of ocean warming and acidification on the energy budget of three commercially important fish species
Authors: Moreira José M , Mendes Ana Candeias , Maulvault Ana Luísa , Marques António , Rosa Rui , Pousão-Ferreira Pedro , Sousa Tânia , Anacleto Patrícia , Marques Gonçalo M
Published: July 2022

A mechanistic model based on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory was developed to predict the combined effects of ocean warming, acidification and decreased food availability on growth and reproduction of three commercially important marine fish species: white seabream (Diplodus sargus), zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus) and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Model simulations used a parameter set for each species, estimated by the Add-my-Pet method using data from laboratory experiments complemented with bibliographic sources. An acidification stress factor was added as a modifier of the somatic maintenance costs and estimated for each species to quantify the effect of a decrease in pH from 8.0 to 7.4 (white seabream) or 7.7 (zebra seabream and Senegalese sole). The model was used to project total length of individuals along their usual lifespan and number of eggs produced by an adult individual within one year, under different climate change scenarios for the end of the 21st century. For the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change SSP5–8.5, ocean warming led to higher growth rates during the first years of development, as well as an increase of 32–34% in egg production, for the three species. Ocean acidification contributed to reduced growth for white seabream and Senegalese sole and a small increase for zebra seabream, as well as a decrease in egg production of 48–52% and 14–33% for white seabream and Senegalese sole, respectively, and an increase of 4–5% for zebra seabream. The combined effect of ocean warming and acidification is strongly dependent on the decrease of food availability, which leads to significant reduction in growth and egg production. This is the first study to assess the combined effects of ocean warming and acidification using DEB models on fish, therefore, further research is needed for a better understanding of these climate change-related effects among different taxonomic groups and species.