bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rereading Jacques Derrida: Afterwords 2005
Authors: BARTKOWSKI FRAN
Published: December 2005

fran bartkowski is Associate Professor of English and Women's Studies at Rutgers University-Newark. She is the author of Feminist Utopias (University of Nebraska Press, 1989) and Travelers,Immigrants, Inmates (University of Minnesota Press, 1995). She is completing a book on kinship, Kissing Cousins: Remaking Kinship at Century's Turn.
Cascading Human Consequences of NATO's War in the Balkans
Authors: Mitric Joan McQueeney
Published: December 2005

Joan McQueeney Mitric is an independent, Washington, D.C.-based writer specializing in health issues. This essay was in print prior to the spring 2000 flare-up in Kosovo.
Militarism and Ecology: NATO Ecocide in Serbia
Authors: Joksimovich Vojin
Published: December 2005

Vojin Joksimovich, author of Kosovo Crisis: A Study in Foreign Policy Mismanagement, writes extensively on the subject of conflicts in former Yugoslavia.
The Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Merrillees Robert S.
Published: December 2005

Robert S. Merrillees is director of the Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute.
A Framework for Improving Greek-Turkish Relations
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos
Published: December 2005

Nikolaos Zahariadis is assistant professor of government and public service, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Germany's Anti-Hitler Coalition in Kosovo
Authors: Heinemann-Grüder Andreas
Published: December 2005

Andreas Heinemann-Grüder is senior research analyst at the Bonn International Center for Conversion.
Democracy in Africa: Problems and Solutions
Authors: El-Khawas Mohamed
Published: December 2005

Mohamed El-Khawas is a professor at the University of the District of Columbia. He is the author of several books and numerous articles on Africa.
Post-Ismay Europe: Britain and the Rebalance of European Security
Authors: Pagedas Constantine A.
Published: December 2005

Constantine A. Pagedas is manager, strategic analysis, at International Technology and Trade Associates (ITTA), a consulting firm based in Washington,D.C. The opinions expressed in this article do not represent ITTA, any government, or any government agency and are solely the responsibility of the author. The author would also like to express his sincere appreciation to Peter E. Paraschos for his expert comments on an earlier version of this essay.
The Demographic Dimension in Conflict Resolution: The Case of Jerusalem
Authors: Rebhun Uzi
Published: December 2005

Uzi Rebhun is a lecturer at the Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Rwanda: Seven Years after the Genocide
Authors: Payne Donald M. , Dagne Ted
Published: December 2005

Donald M. Payne, Democrat from New Jersey, is a senior member of the House International Relations Committee.

Ted Dagne is an expert on African affairs at the Congressional Research Service.
Balkan Blowback? Osama bin Laden and Southeastern Europe
Authors: Bardos Gordon N.
Published: December 2005

Gordon N. Bardos is assistant director of the Harriman Institute at Columbia University.
Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1993 to 2000
Authors: Grimmett Richard F.
Published: December 2005

Richard F. Grimmett is a specialist in national defense with the Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division of the Congressional Research Service(CRS). All data herein are from the author's CRS Report for Congress,Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1993-2000, RL31083, 16 August 2001.
Israel's Quest for Peace
Authors: Reich Bernard
Published: December 2005

Bernard Reich is professor of political science and international affairs at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
Afghanistan, Kashmir, China, and the Territorial Question in South Asia
Authors: Thomas Raju G. C.
Published: December 2005

Raju G. C. Thomas is the Allis Chalmers Distinguished Professor of International Affairs at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Cleansing the Augean Stables: Corruption in Albania Disrupts Democratic Development and Undermines Quality of Life
Authors: Gjoni Ilir
Published: December 2005

Ilir Gjoni is the former minister of the interior of Albania.
Axis of Evil: Threat or Chimera?
Authors: Peña Charles V.
Published: December 2005

Charles V. Peña is senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, a libertarian public policy think tank in Washington, D.C. The views expressed are the author's and do not represent the views of the institute.
The War on Terror: A Retrospective
Authors: Lewis William H.
Published: December 2005

William H. Lewis is adjunct fellow of preventive diplomacy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and a member of Mediterranean Quarterly's editorial advisory board.
Security in the Eastern Mediterranean: Bargaining with Law Breakers
Authors: Payne Donald M.
Published: December 2005

Donald M. Payne, Democrat of New Jersey, is a senior member of the House International Relations Committee.
Andrea Papandreou and the American Media: The Salient Attributes of a Socialist
Authors: Bantimaroudis Philemon
Published: December 2005

Philemon Bantimaroudis bio to go here.
Changing Patterns of Civil-Military Relations in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Zulean Marian
Published: December 2005

Marian Zulean works for the office of the Romanian president as an expert on NATO and U.S. issues. This essay has been written with the support of a NATO-Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council research fellowship. An earlier version was presented at the 2002 International Political Science Association's international conference “Globalization of Civil-Military Relations:Democratization, Reform, and Security.” The author would like to acknowledge the support of NATO's Academic Office and Constantine Danopoulos.
The Changing Paradigm of the Middle East: Its Elements and Challenges
Authors: Fahmy Nabil
Published: December 2005

Nabil Fahmy is the ambassador of Egypt to the United States.
Iraq in the Context of Post-Soviet Foreign Policy
Authors: Zlobin Nikolai
Published: December 2005

Nikolai Zlobin is director of Russian and Asian studies at the Center forDefense Information in Washington, D.C., and the executive coeditor ofDemokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization.
“Seized of the Matter”: The UN and the Western Sahara Dispute
Authors: Mundy Jacob A.
Published: December 2005

Jacob A. Mundy is a graduate student in Middle East studies at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. From 1999 to 2000 he was a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco.
From Authoritarianism to the European Union: The Europeanization of Portugal
Authors: Royo Sebastián
Published: December 2005

Sebastián Royo is professor of government at Suffolk University and an affiliate and cochair of the Iberian Study Group at the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University. This article is a continuation of a larger research project that he started with Paul C. Manuel analyzing the impact of European Community membership on Portugal and Spain. The author would like to thank Paul C. Manuel.
Bulgaria's Migration Policy
Authors: Poptodorova Elena
Published: December 2005

Elena Poptodorova is the ambassador of the Republic of Bulgaria to the United States.
The Impact of State Failure on Migration
Authors: Deng Francis M.
Published: December 2005

Francis M. Deng is the special representative of the UN secretary-general for internally displaced persons.
The Changing Social Environment of Modern Ireland: Immigration and the Issues of Politics, Economics, and Security
Authors: Kline Benjamin
Published: December 2005

Benjamin Kline is professor of history at De Amza College, Cupertino,California.
Europe's Immigration Problem, and Ours
Authors: Leiken Robert S.
Published: December 2005

Robert S. Leiken is director of the Immigration and National Security Program at the Nixon Center and author of Bearers of Global Jihad?Immigration and National Security after 11 September.
Bush's Middle East: Second-Term Blues?
Authors: Veliotes Nicholas A.
Published: December 2005

Nicholas A. Veliotes, a member of Mediterranean Quarterly's Editorial Advisory Board, is a former assistant secretary of state for the Near East and South Asia, ambassador to Egypt and Jordan, and chargéd'affaires in Israel.
The Illicit Diamond Trade, Civil Conflicts, and Terrorism in Africa
Authors: Ndumbe J. Anyu , Cole Babalola
Published: December 2005

J. Anyu Ndumbe is assistant editor of Mediterranean Quarterly and associate professor of public administration/policy at the University of the District of Columbia. Babalola Cole is associate professor of government and international relations at Howard University.
Cyprus in the European Union: Prospects for Reunification, Peace with Turkey, and Regional Stabili
Authors: Evriviades Euripides L.
Published: December 2005

Euripides L. Evriviades is ambassador of Cyprus to the United States.
Statue of a Dog
Authors: Chengzhi Zhang
Published: December 2005

Translated by Andrew F. Jones
Declaration of Universal Humanity
Authors:   Liberal Islam Network
Published: December 2005

Translated by Laurie Sears
Legitimacy and Succession in Iranian History
Authors: KATOUZIAN HOMA
Published: December 2005

In Iran, both before and after Islam, the ruler was thought to be God's vicegerent on earth and, unlike Europe, his legitimacy was not dependent on the law of primogeniture. Thus he was not bound by any written or unwritten law or tradition and could take decisions up to the utmost of his physical power, the only restraint being the fear of rebellion. He would lose God's Grace and somehow fall from power if he ruled unjustly, but there was no test either for possessing the grace or for losing it except by virtue of holding power or being overthrown. There were thus no rules for succession and rebels could and did claim legitimacy once they were successful. The position both justified and was justified by arbitrary rule, where long-term functional social classes did not exist and history became a series of connected short terms, a sociological phenomenon which still persists in Iranian society.
The Clinical Potential of Estrogen for the Prevention of Osteoarthritis: What is Known and What Needs to be Done?
Authors: Tankó László B , Karsdal Morten A , Christiansen Claus
Published: December 2005

Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a major epidemiological problem worldwide. The lack of established chondroprotective agents limits the clinical management of this disease to relief of symptoms, such as pain and joint stiffness. The marked increase in the prevalence and incidence of OA among women after the menopause draws attention to the possible contribution of estrogen deficiency to acceleration of cartilage degradation. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) seems to counter the adverse influence of ovariectomy on the progression of joint lesions in various animal models, including nonhuman primates. Although decreases in the risk of OA associated with long-term HRT were repeatedly observed in large-scale epidemiological studies, the chondroprotective potential of this therapeutic option has received modest recognition among healthcare professionals. The overall diversity of results hampering our ability to draw conclusions at the present time arises from the diversity of methodological approaches and selected outcome measures of OA. Randomized clinical trials using state-of-the-art methodology, such as high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging that allows direct visualization and morphometric characterization of articular cartilage and biochemical markers of cartilage turnover that can provide early indication of therapeutic effects, are awaited to obtain evidence-based answers to the utility of estrogen in the prevention of OA.
Apparatus for Evaluation of Hydromechanical Behavior of Porous Media Subjected to Environmental Changes
Authors: Rodríguez R , Candela L , Lloret A
Published: December 2005

An apparatus for performing tests under different environmental conditions was designed and constructed. Basically, the equipment consists of an automatic system for the observation of the hydromechanical behavior of porous media and it has three components: physical parts, an electronic interface, and a control system with an automatic register. It is possible to use it for tests in saturated or unsaturated conditions with different porous materials. In this study the apparatus is used to develop a study of flow in saturated and unsaturated conditions and the flow and transport of solutes in saturated conditions. In order to demonstrate results obtained with our equipment independent tests were carried out with other samples of metallurgical waste. The experimental results demonstrate that the apparatus is capable of measuring surface suction, vertical shrinkage, temperature, relative humidity, change in the water content at different points in the sample, and evaporation. The performance of the equipment under different conditions is proved to be excellent, showing that it is possible to increase or reduce the size of the sample and it is also possible to change different parameters according to the aim of tests. Data from flow and transport studies show that desiccation cracks reduce the resident time of water and solute in porous media.
The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Compaction Verification on a Model Road Pavement
Authors: Ampadu SIK , Arthur TD
Published: December 2005

Compaction verification studies were conducted on a model site during a road construction project. Three compaction plants of different capacities were used on model pavements constructed using loose lifts of lateritic gravel measuring 120, 170, and 220-mm thick. After every two passes of the roller the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test was conducted on the compacted layer alongside the sand replacement test to determine the level of compaction. A correlation was made between the sand replacement and the DCP tests resulting in a calibration equation of the general form log(LC) = κ - λ log(DPI) between the DCP penetration rate, DPI, and the level of compaction (LC) achieved as measured by the sand replacement method. κ and λ were found to be 2.184 and 0.337, respectively. The level of compaction values was back-calculated across the depth of the pavement using the DPIs. These values indicated that the sand replacement method gives the average degree of compaction over the depth tested whereas the DCP test allows the detection of low-level compaction pockets deeper within the layer.
CBR and DCP Correlation for Class C Fly Ash-Stabilized Soil
Authors: Misra A , Upadhyaya S , Horn C , Kondagari S , Gustin F
Published: December 2005

The dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test is being increasingly used for assessing the California bearing ratio (CBR) values of sub-grade soil in the field. The purpose of this laboratory investigation was to establish a correlation between CBR and DCP for soils stabilized with Class C fly ash. In this laboratory study, natural soil (Type CL-lean clay) mixed with Class C fly ash was used to establish the correlation at different percentages of Class C fly ash and moisture. It was found that a good correlation exists between CBR and DCP for Class C fly ash-stabilized soils and that the correlations are similar to those developed by other researchers. The correlations developed here may be used for rapid field determination of CBR values of clay soils stabilized with Class C fly ash.
On Measuring Mixed Mode I/III Fracture Toughness of Ductile Materials Using the Critical Stretch Zone Width
Authors: Kamat SV , Srinivas M , Rama Rao P
Published: December 2005

Mixed mode fracture I/III toughness determination for ductile materials currently uses an empirical equation for the blunting line. A modification based on the use of experimental measurements of the critical stretch zone width (SZWc) for the blunting line is suggested. A further modification, also based on SZWc measurements, that gives a notch root independent mixed mode I/III fracture toughness from a single specimen is described. Mixed mode fracture toughness tests on Armco iron, CP titanium, mild steel, and nickel have been carried out to evaluate these methods.
Consolidation of Mechanically Alloyed Titanium Silicide using Polycarbosilane
Authors: Srinivasan MN , Aripaka SN
Published: December 2005

Statistical design of experiments was employed to assess the effect of mechanical alloying variables and the chemical binder, allyl hydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS), percentage on the crystallite size of mechanically alloyed titanium silicide powder, and the microhardness of samples consolidated by chemical bonding. The results indicate that mechanically alloying the powder with higher milling time, higher milling speed, and lower ball-to-powder ratio, and consolidating with 7.5% AHPCS gives a combination of fine nanocrystalline size in the powder and good microhardness in the compact.
Effect of Punch Diameter, Grid Dimension, and Lubrication on Forming Limit Diagram
Authors: Casari F , Tassan M , Messina A , Molinari A
Published: December 2005

A reduced punch Nakazima Formability Testing equipment has been designed in order to get the forming limit diagram (FLD) of metal sheets using presses or testing machines with low load capability. Due to the limiting punch load of 100 kN, a punch diameter of 50 mm was selected; the FLD obtained with this equipment are in agreement with results obtained by means of similar facilities using the same operative conditions (i.e., grid dimension and lubrication) but standard punch diameter (100–110 mm). The influence of grid dimension and lubrication condition on the intercept FLD0 has been evaluated. Particularly, friction coefficients for the lubrication conditions used in the formability test were measured by means of Strip Friction Testing equipment
Some Issues Related to the Selection of Polymers for Aerospace Oxygen Systems
Authors: Hirsch D , Beeson H
Published: December 2005

Materials intended for use in aerospace oxygen systems are commonly screened for oxygen compatibility following NASA STD 6001. This standard allows qualification of materials based on results provided by only one test method. Potential issues related to this practice are reviewed and recommendations are proposed that would lead to improved aerospace oxygen systems safety.
Field and Laboratory Properties of Lime-Treated Cold In-Place Recycled Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Tarefder RA , Zaman M , Sisson R , Ting C-F
Published: December 2005

Cold recycling is a technically promising and cost effective method for improving distressed asphalt pavements. Unlike hot-mix recycling, cold recycling lacks extensive field and laboratory performance data. There is no widely accepted cold in-place recycling (CIR) mix design and testing standard available. This study attempts to generate useful field and laboratory data on pavements constructed with CIR mix and technique. Two field case studies are conducted. The testing of field cores and laboratory samples from these two field sites is conducted to address the existing and new methods for design and performance testing of CIR mixes in partial depth pavements. The laboratory tests include physical property testing (e.g., moisture content, gradation, air voids, emulsion, and aggregate properties) and performance-related testing (e.g., resistance to deformation, retained strength, rut, and fatigue). Relative performances of the CIR mixes from the two sites are analyzed.
Accelerated Aging on Sealants and a Quantificational Way to Evaluate the Durability
Authors: Ding SH , Liu DZ
Published: December 2005

Accelerated aging tests, exposure to heat aging (80°C) and UVA ultraviolet radiation (50°C), lasting for 5000 h, were carried out, respectively, on five samples of building sealants in this paper to study their durability. Tensile adhesion data, hardness, and visual observations are reviewed following specific exposure times. The results have shown that UV accelerates the weathering on the sealant's appearance while heat quickens the worse of mechanical properties. The study also shows that curves of the time dependences of mechanical properties can be fitted as polynomial, which present in the status of fluctuation during aging and the extents of fluctuation under different aging conditions are considerably different. As a result, the unreasonable conclusion is easily drawn by calculating aging rate when doing data processing. The method of calculating deviation coefficient proposed by the authors can quantificationally evaluate and compare the durability of tested sealants. From the results of calculated deviation coefficient the sensitive degree of sealants to different aging conditions can be noted as well.
Settlement response of a multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill–soft soil system
Authors: Deb K. , Chandra S. , Basudhar P. K.
Published: December 2005

The paper pertains to the development of a mechanical model to predict the behaviour of a multilayer geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill soft soil system. The granular fill and the soft soil have been idealised as a Pasternak shear layer and a layer of non-linear springs, respectively. Stretched rough elastic membranes represent the geosynthetic reinforcement layers. The non-linear behaviour of the granular fill and the soft soil is considered. Plane strain conditions are considered for the loading and reinforced foundation soil system. An iterative finite difference scheme is applied for obtaining the solution, and the results are presented in non-dimensional form. The results of the present model are compared with the results of a finite element model. Parametric studies for a uniformly loaded strip footing show the effects of various parameters on the settlement response. Significant reduction of the settlement has been observed as a result of the use of the multilayer geosynthetic reinforcement system. The non-linear model gives more accurate results than the linear model in the case of very soft soil. The top reinforcement layer is subjected to maximum mobilised tension at the centre of the loaded area. The settlement value is decreased by an amount nearly the same as the increase of modular ratio and is independent of the number of geosynthetic layers.
Numerical study of advective flow through composite liners
Authors: Cartaud F. , Goblet P. , Touze-Foltz N.
Published: December 2005

Leakage through composite liners used in landfills with a damaged geomembrane is analysed in this paper using a 2D numerical code. The main emphasis of this study is to assess the influence of the degree of saturation of the soil liner on the leakage rate in composite liners. The interface between the geomembrane and the clay liner is modelled as a high hydraulic conductivity medium. This conceptualisation is inspired by previous work on single fractures in porous media. Flow rates obtained from simulations assuming a uniform interface transmissivity are compared with leakage rates calculated using an existing analytical solution. Results reveal that: (a) the modelled flow is highly dominated by flow in the interface; (b) the initial degree of saturation of the soil liner has negligible effect on flow rates; and (c) predictions from analytical solutions and numerical results are consistent.
Effect of a Fibrin‐Fibronectin Sealing System as a Carrier for Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐4 on Bone Formation in Rat Calvarial Defects
Authors: Han Dong‐Kwan , Kim Chang‐Sung , Jung Ui‐Won , Chai Jung‐Kiu , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Cho Kyoo‐Sung
Published: December 2005

Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to play an important role in bone formation during development and wound healing. Despite there being good prospects for BMP applications, an ideal carrier system for BMPs has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of a fibrin‐fibronectin sealing system (FFSS) as a carrier for recombinant human BMP‐4 (rhBMP‐4) and to evaluate the genuine osteoconductive potential of the FFSS in a rat calvarial defect model.

Methods: An 8‐mm, calvarial, critical‐size osteotomy defect was created in each of 30 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Three groups of 10 animals each received rhBMP‐4 (0.025 mg/ml) in the FFSS, FFSS control, or sham‐surgery control. The groups were evaluated using histologic and histometric parameters following 2‐ and 8‐week healing intervals (five animals per group per healing interval).

Results: Surgical implantation of rhBMP‐4/FFSS resulted in enhanced local bone formation at 2 and 8 weeks. New bone formation was also evident in the FFSS control; however, the amount of defect closure, new bone area, and bone density was significantly greater in the rhBMP‐4/FFSS group (P <0.05). At 8 weeks, the quantity of the new bone was greater than that observed at 2 weeks, and the specimens showed a more advanced stage of remodeling and consolidation in both groups (P <0.05). Only very limited bone formation was observed in the sham‐surgery control.

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the FFSS has osteoconductive potential and may be employed as a carrier for BMPs.
Peno‐Gingival Lichen Planus
Authors: Petruzzi Massimo , De Benedittis Michele , Pastore Luca , Grassi Felice Roberto , Serpico Rosario
Published: December 2005

Background: Lichen planus with simultaneous oral and genital involvement in males is a quite rare condition and often difficult to diagnose. The prevalence, treatment options, and management for this condition are far from being established, and research in this area primarily relies on anecdotes. We present the clinical features of eight cases of peno‐gingival lichen planus and propose a management algorithm for this condition based on the best available published evidence.

Methods: Personal medical history was collected for all cases. Following careful examination of the oral and genital mucosae, pathology was obtained, previous treatments and duration of mucosal lesions ascertained, treatment initiated, and response evaluated at 8 weeks on both oral and genital lesions. The first‐line drug was topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream in all cases; in case of failure, topical cyclosporin was used. A review of the literature on treatment options for this rare condition was performed based upon standard literature review practices.

Results: Five cases presented gingival lesions that clinically resembled lichen planus. Glans penis was involved in all patients. All patients responded to treatment except for one. Oral candidiasis was the only observed side effect.

Conclusions: Genital lichen planus may be suspected in males when atrophic‐erosive gingival lichen planus is found. A thorough multidisciplinary medical management and active early treatment are necessary to improve symptoms and prevent genital sequelae and, given the risk of squamous cell carcinoma, as a preventative strategy, although this area still needs investigation. Therapeutic trials relating to the treatment of peno‐gingival lichen planus may be undertaken considering that current management relies exclusively on observations of case reports.
Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: Report of a Five‐Generation Family Using Cellular Proliferation Analysis
Authors: Martelli‐Junior H. , Lemos D.P. , Silva C.O. , Graner E. , Coletta R.D.
Published: December 2005

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is an uncommon condition characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix resulting in a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva. The goal of this article is to describe one kindred affected with HGF and discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and control of the disease. The pattern of inheritance, histopathologic characteristics, and proliferative potential of epithelial and mesenchymal cells of HGF are also emphasized.

Methods: To characterize the pattern of inheritance and the clinical appearance of gingival overgrowth, 117 family members were examined. The recurrence risk was estimated by the use of a genetic analysis program. Immunohistochemistry against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and pKi‐67 was performed to assess cellular proliferation of normal gingiva (NG) and HGF cells.

Results: Examination of the family pedigree demonstrated an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance, and a sibling recurrence risk of 0.085 and an offspring recurrence risk of 0.078, indicating that HGF was a consequence of genetic alteration with low penetrance. Unaffected and affected members transmitted the disease to their offspring. The affected patients showed a generalized but mild gingival overgrowth. Surgical treatment consisted of a combination of gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. Histologic examination showed that the gingival lesions of all patients were quite similar, with increased amounts of collagen fiber bundles in the connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the proliferative potential of epithelial cells was significantly higher in the HGF group compared to the NG group, whereas mesenchymal cells from both groups were negative for the proliferative markers.

Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that, in the studied family, HGF is transmitted by an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete disease penetrance, and although the gingival enlargement resulted from an excessive accumulation of collagen fibers, HGF is characterized by an increase in the proliferation rate of epithelial cells.
Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting on the Gingiva
Authors: Khan Saba M. , Gossweiler Michael K. , Zunt Susan L. , Edwards Michael D. , Blanchard Steven B.
Published: December 2005

Background: Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. PSCC can occur as either an in situ or invasive tumor. The sites of occurrence in order of the most to least prevalent are the larynx, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. We present an unusual case of PSCC occurring on the gingiva.

Methods: A 72‐year‐old white female presented with a chief complaint of tooth mobility in the right posterior mandible. Clinical examination revealed a Miller's Class 2 mobility of tooth #28 along with an erythematous, papillary appearance of the lingual gingiva on teeth #27, #28, and #29. Her dental history revealed treatment of tooth #28 with locally delivered antibiotics. Her medical history revealed a diagnosis of breast cancer 8 years prior to examination that was treated with partial mastectomy and radiation therapy. An initial differential clinical diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma or metastatic carcinoma was made.

Results: Surgical therapy included extraction of tooth #28 and an excisional biopsy of the lesion on the lingual gingiva. Microscopic evaluation of the gingival specimen revealed a neoplastic papillary proliferation of the surface epithelium with a thick layer of parakeratin, deep parakeratin‐lined crypts, and a thickened spinous cell layer along with islands and strands of malignant epithelium. The microscopic appearance of the lesion was characteristic for PSSC. The patient's tumor was removed via a block resection that included teeth #27 through #31 and a radical neck dissection.

Conclusions: This is a case report of PSCC occurring on the gingiva. This report demonstrates that, even though oral cancers involving the periodontium are a relatively rare occurrence, periodontists cannot be complacent about the diagnosis of periodontal bone loss. It also highlights the importance of utilizing a histopathologic examination to confirm the clinical diagnosis for any suspicious lesion.
Is Impact a Measure of Quality? Some Reflections on the Research Quality and Impact Assessment Agendas
Authors: Yates Lyn
Published: December 2005

This article uses the development of a ‘Research Quality Framework’ in Australia as a focus for reflection on the way in which quality is assessed in relation to education research, and a consideration of the role and situation of a national association of education research in relation to that. The study examines ways in which ‘quality’ and ‘impact’ are being defined in particular practices, and how the broader context of the status of education research impacts on debates and strategies with regard to quality. It is argued that the current focus on measures of quality assessment need to be re-coupled with more attention to contexts of production of education research and the issue of how quality research can be developed. It is argued too that education research associations do need to engage with the quality assessment exercises, but that doing this will pose some real tensions for them.
Effects of pasteurization of colostrum on subsequent serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil superoxide production in calves
Authors: Lakritz Jeffrey , Tyler Jeff W. , Hostetler Douglas E. , Marsh Antoinette E. , Weaver Dusty M. , Holle Julie M. , Steevens Barry J. , Denbigh John L.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To determine the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on serum lactoferrin concentration and neutrophil oxidative function by comparing values from calves given pasteurized (76 C, 15 minutes) colostrum versus calves given fresh frozen colostrum.

Animals—8 Holstein bull calves were used to study the effects of pasteurization of colostrum on the absorption of lactoferrin and neutrophil oxidative burst. Three additional calves were used to study the effect of exogenous lactoferrin on neutrophil oxidative burst.

Methods—Calves were fed fresh frozen or heat pasteurized colostrum (76 C for 15 minutes) via esophageal feeder within 4 hours of birth. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood samples. Neutrophil oxidative burst was induced by phorbol ester (300 ng/ml) stimulation of cells (1 × 106cells) at 37 C. Serum lactoferrin concentrations were compared, using immunoblot analysis. Serum IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunoassay. Comparisons were made between the use of the 2 types of colostrum in calves by measuring subsequent serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production.

Results—Serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations increased more in calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Neutrophil superoxide production was higher in neutrophils prepared from calves receiving fresh frozen colostrum. Colostral lactoferrin addition to neutrophil incubations resulted in increased oxidative burst.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with calves given fresh frozen colostrum, calves given pasteurized colostrum had decreased serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations and neutrophil superoxide production 24 hours after administration. These results suggest that pasteurizing bovine colostrum at 76 C for 15 minutes has substantial effects on passive transfer of proteins and neutrophil function. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1019–1025)
Use of an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of ischemia and reperfusion of the equine large colon
Authors: Hoogmoed Linda M. Van , Snyder Jack R. , Nieto Jorge E. , Vatistas Nicholas J. , Harmon Faye A.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To determine efficacy of an extracorporeal circuit to maintain a segment of equine large colon for 3.5 hours and to evaluate the effect of low arterial flow on histologic and metabolic variables.

Sample Population—Segments of large colon from 15 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—The pelvic flexure was surgically removed and maintained in an isolated circuit. In the control group, tissue was evaluated for 3.5 hours, whereas in the low-flow group, arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Various metabolic and hemodynamic variables were evaluated at 30-minute intervals. Effects of nitric oxide (NO) and L-N-nitro-arginine- methyl-ester (L-NAME) on contractile activity were determined, and histomorphologic evaluation was performed at the completion of the study.

Results—Low-flow ischemia with reperfusion caused significant histomorphologic differences, compared with the control group. In the low-flow group, significant differences included reduction in PaCO2, reduction in bicarbonate concentrations, increase in PaO2, and an increase in base deficit in arterial and venous blood samples. Other significant differences included increases in PCV, protein concentration, total WBC count, and albumin clearance for the low-flow group. Differences were not detected in inhibitory activity of the low-flow group relative to the control tissue with or without addition of NO and L-NAME.

Conclusion—The extracorporeal circuit maintained a segment of equine intestine for 3.5 hours and can be used to simulate ischemic injury. The extracorporeal circuit provides the potential to investigate pharmaceutic agents that can minimize intestinal injury. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1042–1051)
Effects of supplemental parenteral administration of vitamin E and selenium to Jerseys and Holsteins during the nonlactating period
Authors: Bass II Roger T. , Swecker William S. , Stallings Charles C.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To determine effects of breed and supplemental administration of vitamin E and selenium (Se) during late gestation on circulating concentrations of these micronutrients in periparturient Jerseys and Holsteins.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical study.

Animals—16 Jersey and 36 Holstein cows.

Procedure—Cows were allotted to blocks on the basis of breed and expected parturition date. Cows within blocks were randomly assigned to be given vitamin E or Se parenterally 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition in a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Results—Results of ANOVA indicated Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se and lower serum concentrations of vitamin E than Holsteins at the end of lactation. Jerseys had higher blood concentrations of Se than Holsteins 3 to 4 weeks prior to parturition and at parturition. Selenium administration increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition. Administration of nutrients did not affect serum concentrations of vitamin E at parturition or 2 to 3 weeks after parturition or blood concentrations of Se 2 to 3 weeks after parturition.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Jerseys and Holsteins consuming rations of comparable Se content differ in blood concentrations of Se during the nonlactating period, suggesting breed-related differences in Se metabolism during late lactation and the nonlactating period. Parenteral administration of Se 3 to 4 weeks prior to anticipated parturition increased blood concentrations of Se at parturition; however, Se concentrations of both groups at parturition were considered within the reference range for clinically normal cattle. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1052–1056)
Comparison of the fit and geometry of reconstruction of femoral components of four cemented canine total hip replacement implants
Authors: Schulz Kurt S. , Nielsen Cheri , Stover Susan M. , Kass Philip H.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To compare fit and geometry of reconstruction of femoral components of 4 canine cemented total hip replacement implants and determine which implants are most compatible with current principles of cemented arthroplasty.

Sample Population—Paired femurs from 16 adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedure—Femurs were prepared for femoral stem implantation of either the Bardet, BioMedtrix, Mathys, or Richards II implant. Mediolateral and craniocaudal radiographs were obtained with femoral components in situ. Cross-sectional analysis of implant fit was performed on transected cemented specimens. Computer-aided analyses of digitized images were performed.

Results—The Bardet and Richards II implants reconstructed the original femoral head position significantly better than the other 2 implants. None of the implants allowed neutralization of the implant axis in the sagittal plane or were routinely centralized in the femoral canal. The Bardet implant had the smallest minimum distal tip offset in the sagittal plane. Greatest tip to cortex distance was provided by the Richards II implant in the transverse plane and the Mathys implant in the sagittal plane. The thinnest cement mantle regions for all implants were in the central longitudinal third of the femoral stem.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The Bardet and BioMedtrix implants had stem design characteristics that were most compatible with principles of cemented stem fixation. None of the implants completely satisfied the theoretically optimal conditions of centralization and neutralization of the femoral stem. Innovative design modifications, therefore, may be needed if these conditions are important to the longterm success of canine total hip replacement. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1113–1121)
Effect of pyloric blockade and infusion of histamine or pentagastrin on gastric secretion in horses
Authors: Kitchen Diane L. , Burrow J. A. , Heartless Christie S. , Merritt A. M.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To determine the origin of the nonacid (nonparietal) component of gastric secretions in horses induced by pentagastrin infusion.

Animals—6 horses.

Procedure—A Latin square design was used, involving 6 horses, 3 treatments, and 2 duodenal intubation conditions (catheter with balloon to obstruct pylorus [B] or without balloon allowing movement of contents between stomach and duodenum [NB]). Each horse had an indwelling gastric cannula and a catheter positioned in the duodenum. Gastric and duodenal contents were collected during 15-minute periods. Each experiment consisted of serial collection periods: baseline; infusion of pyrilamine maleate (1 mg/kg of body weight, IV); not treated; and IV infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution alone, saline solution containing pentagastrin (6 µg/kg·h), or saline solution containing histamine (30 µg/kg·h). Volume of samples was recorded, and electrolyte concentrations were measured.

Results—Pentagastrin and histamine stimulated maximal acid output; however, during NB conditions, pentagastrin-induced concentration of hydrogen ions was significantly less than during histamine or pentagastrin infusions during B conditions. The large volume produced in response to pentagastrin during NB conditions was accompanied by increased sodium ion output that was greater than for pentagastrin during B conditions, but both values were significantly greater than values for histamine during B or NB conditions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Nonparietal secretions collected during IV infusion of pentagastrin are duodenal in origin. Reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach of horses is enhanced by pentagastrin. Flow of duodenal contents into the stomach could have implications in the pathogenesis of ulcers in horses. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1133–1139)
Detection of cell detachment activity induced by Moraxella bovis
Authors: Marrion Ruth M. , Riley Lela K.
Published: December 2005

Objective—To characterize the effect that filtrate obtained from cultures ofMoraxella bovishas on cultured corneal epithelial cells and other types of cultured mammalian cells.

Sample Population—Cultured hamster corneal epithelial cells, bovine epithelial cells, and several transformed cell lines exposed to culture filtrate from a pathogenic isolate ofM bovis.

Procedure—Moraxella boviswas cultured, and bacteria were removed by filtration. The resulting bacterial culture filtrate was incubated with various types of cultured cells, and effects of the filtrate on detachment of various mammalian cell types was quantified by the use of neutral red dye. Additionally, bacterial culture filtrate was treated with protease inhibitors as well as trypsin and heat prior to incubation with cultured mammalian cells.

Results—Bacterial culture filtrate ofM boviscaused all types of cultured cells to detach from each other and from the substrate, with the maximal effect evident 2 hours after initiating incubation. Detached cells were alive, and detachment was reversible. Serine protease inhibitors (phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and α2-macroglobulin) inhibited cell detachment attributable to bacterial culture filtrate. Heating and treatment with trypsin also inhibited cell detachment.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Moraxella bovisproduces a soluble factor that causes reversible detachment of cultured cells. This activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1145–1149)
Lesions and effects of location for administration of clostridial bacterin-toxoid vaccines on growth performance and eating and drinking behaviors in newly arrived calves at a feedlot
Authors: Buhman Marilyn J. , Perino Louis J. , Galyean Michael L. , Montgomery Ted H. , Swingle R. Spencer
Published: December 2005

Objectives—To determine the effect of location for administration of clostridial vaccines on behavior, growth performance, and health of calves at a feedlot, the relative risk of calves developing an injection-site reaction or being misdiagnosed as having bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), and the percentage of subcutaneous injection-site reactions that were detectable on carcasses after the hides were removed.

Animal—170 newly arrived calves at a feedlot.

Procedure—Eating and drinking behaviors of calves during the initial 57 days after arrival were observed at a commercial feedlot, using an electronic monitoring system. Calves were assigned randomly to receive a clostridial vaccine (base of ear or neck). Data on reactions at the injection site were collected.

Results—Mean daily gain (MDG) for the initial 57 days did not differ significantly between treatments. Risk of being misdiagnosed as having BRDC was not associated with location for administration of vaccine. Calves vaccinated in the base of the ear were at higher risk of having an injection-site reaction at day 57 or at slaughter. Eighty-nine percent (95% confidence interval, 52 to 100%) of injection-site reactions in the neck could not be located on the carcasses after hides were removed. Calves vaccinated in the neck drank significantly fewer times per day during the first 57 days than calves vaccinated in the base of the ear.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Location for administration of a clostridial vaccine did not significantly affect health, growth performance, or eating behavior. Most subcutaneous injection-site reactions were not detectable after the hide was removed. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:1169–1172)
Effects of general anesthesia and surgery on renal function in healthy dogs
Authors: Lobetti Remo , Lambrechts Nicolaas
Published: December 2005

Objectives—To evaluate renal function in healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy without concurrent IV administration of fluids.

Animals—35 healthy client-owned dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were medicated with promazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, SC) approximately 45 minutes before induction of anesthesia with thiopental sodium (10 to 15 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was maintained with 2% halothane in oxygen. Ovariohysterectomies were performed by senior veterinary students under the direct supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Renal function was assessed (serum urea and creatinine concentrations, fractional clearance of sodium, urine alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT] activities, urine specific gravity, and enumeration of renal tubular epithelial cells in urine sediment) prior to and 24 and 48 hours after surgery.

Results—Duration of general anesthesia ranged from 80 to 310 minutes. Urine specific gravity and ALP activity and serum urea and creatinine concentrations did not change over time. Fractional clearance of sodium decreased 24 and 48 hours after surgery, whereas urine GGT activity and the ratio of urine GGT activity to urine creatinine concentration increased 24 hours after surgery, compared with presurgery values. Renal tubular epithelial cells increased in number in urine sediment from 11 of 35 (31.4%) dogs and 5 of 35 (14.3%) dogs 24 and 48 hours after surgery, respectively. However, this increase was not clinically relevant.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intravenous administration of fluids to healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and elective surgery may not be necessary for maintenance of renal homeostasis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:121–124)