bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Online Sequence Learning with an Unsupervised Neural Network
Model
Authors: Cui Yuwei , Ahmad Subutai , Hawkins Jeff
Published: September 2016

The ability to recognize and predict temporal sequences of sensory inputs is vital for survival in natural environments. Based on many known properties of cortical neurons, hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) sequence memory recently has been proposed as a theoretical framework for sequence learning in the cortex. In this letter, we analyze properties of HTM sequence memory and apply it to sequence learning and prediction problems with streaming data. We show the model is able to continuously learn a large number of variable order temporal sequences using an unsupervised Hebbian-like learning rule. The sparse temporal codes formed by the model can robustly handle branching temporal sequences by maintaining multiple predictions until there is sufficient disambiguating evidence. We compare the HTM sequence memory with other sequence learning algorithms, including statistical methods—autoregressive integrated moving average; feedforward neural networks—time delay neural network and online sequential extreme learning machine; and recurrent neural networks—long short-term memory and echo-state networks on sequence prediction problems with both artificial and real-world data. The HTM model achieves comparable accuracy to other state-of-the-art algorithms. The model also exhibits properties that are critical for sequence learning, including continuous online learning, the ability to handle multiple predictions and branching sequences with high-order statistics, robustness to sensor noise and fault tolerance, and good performance without task-specific hyperparameter tuning. Therefore, the HTM sequence memory not only advances our understanding of how the brain may solve the sequence learning problem but is also applicable to real-world sequence learning problems from continuous data streams.
The Lamellar Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways
Authors: Galinsky Vitaly L. , Frank Lawrence R.
Published: September 2016

We present a quantitative statistical analysis of pairwise crossings for all fibers obtained from whole brain tractography that confirms with high confidence that the brain grid theory (Wedeen et al., 2012a ) is not supported by the evidence. The overall fiber tracts structure appears to be more consistent with small angle treelike branching of tracts rather than with near-orthogonal gridlike crossing of fiber sheets. The analysis uses our new method for high-resolution whole brain tractography that is capable of resolving fibers crossing of less than 10 degrees and correctly following a continuous angular distribution of fibers even when the individual fiber directions are not resolved. This analysis also allows us to demonstrate that the whole brain fiber pathway system is very well approximated by a lamellar vector field, providing a concise and quantitative mathematical characterization of the structural connectivity of the human brain.
Four Paraphrases and a Gospel or How to Rewrite Without Repeating Yourself
Authors: Cottier Jean-François
Published: September 2016

In his preface to Emperor Charles V, Erasmus denies any intention of making his Paraphrases on the Gospels an evangelical harmony that would contradict his desire for legibility.1 We can therefore assume that, when in paraphrasing one gospel he has recourse to another, he does so for the sake of clarity, as when he proposes a harmonized version of the baptism of Christ or of his passion. Based on a textual comparison of certain passages from the Paraphrases on Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, this article studies how Erasmus rewrites the text of the four gospels, reconciling them without repeating himself, while conserving to each its own unique character.
Exegesis and Hermeneutics in Erasmus’ Paraphrase on Luke
Authors: Bloemendal Jan
Published: September 2016

This article discusses how Erasmus deals with the personae in the Paraphrase on Luke, distinguishing between the author Erasmus (the paraphrast), the narrator (the paraphraser) and the evangelist. These ‘Luke-voices’ are connected to exegesis (explanation of the narrative) and hermeneutics (the application of the narrative to the lives of the audience). It is argued that Erasmus deliberately played with the voices; this enabled him to criticize wrongs of his own times as worded by ‘Luke’, and to contribute to the advancement of Christian piety.
Speaking the Gospel
Authors: Leushuis Reinier
Published: September 2016

In his Paraphrases on the synoptic gospels, Erasmus stages the voice of the evangelist speaking in the first-person singular to address the reader in the second-person singular. Such a marked interlocutorial setting is absent in Scripture, with the exception of Luke’s brief address to a certain Theophilus. More than a strategy to forestall criticisms directed at the author of the paraphrase, this direct engagement between biblical author and reader reveals a deeper concern for the transfer of gospel faith and gospel philosophy to the minds of his contemporaries. This essay examines the ways in which the evangelist’s voice engages the implied reader in the Paraphrases on Matthew, Luke, and most notably Mark. It focuses on the reliability (fides) of narration and narrator, the emotional, sensory, and homiletic engagement between speaking voice and reader, and the role of drama and performative elements. The paraphrastic staging of the evangelist’s voice reflects each gospel’s unique challenge in conveying Philosophia Christi to the reader and in the Paraphrase on Mark illustrates in particular the literary dimension of reader-oriented imitatio.
Australnirvana, a new leafhopper genus of Nirvanini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from Australia
Authors: WANG YANG , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , ZHANG YALIN
Published: September 2016

Australnirvana gen. n., based on Nirvana adelaideae Evans, 1938, from Australia is described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia of A. adelaideae (Evans), n. comb. are described and illustrated for the first time. The new genus is similar to the central African genus Afronirvana Evans in structure and coloration but differs in the male in lacking a ventral pygofer appendage and having the subgenital plate broad and oblique distally and lacking ventral macrosetae.
A Comparison of X-Band Polarization Parameters with In Situ Microphysical Measurements in the Comma Head of Two Winter Cyclones
Authors: Finlon Joseph A. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , Plummer David M. , Jewett Brian F. , Leon David , Knupp Kevin R.
Published: September 2016

Since the advent of dual-polarization radar, methods of classifying hydrometeors by type from measured polarization variables have been developed. The deterministic approach of existing hydrometeor classification algorithms of assigning only one dominant habit to each radar sample volume does not properly consider the distribution of habits present in that volume, however. During the Profiling of Winter Storms field campaign, the “NSF/NCAR C-130” aircraft, equipped with in situ microphysical probes, made multiple passes through the comma heads of two cyclones as the Mobile Alabama X-band dual-polarization radar performed range–height indicator scans in the same plane as the C-130 flight track. On 14–15 February and 21–22 February 2010, 579 and 202 coincident data points, respectively, were identified when the plane was within 10 s (~1 km) of a radar gate. For all particles that occurred for times within different binned intervals of radar reflectivity ZHH and of differential reflectivity ZDR, the reflectivity-weighted contribution of each habit and the frequency distributions of axis ratio and sphericity were determined. This permitted the determination of habits that dominate particular ZHH and ZDR intervals; only 40% of the ZHH–ZDR bins were found to have a habit that contributes over 50% to the reflectivity in that bin. Of these bins, only 12% had a habit that contributes over 75% to the reflectivity. These findings show the general lack of dominance of a given habit for a particular ZHH and ZDR and suggest that determining the probability of specific habits in radar volumes may be more suitable than the deterministic methods currently used.
Mid-Infrared Waveguides: A Perspective
Authors: Schädle Thomas , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: September 2016

Significant advancements in waveguide technology in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime during recent decades have assisted in establishing MIR spectroscopic and sensing technologies as a routine tool among nondestructive analytical methods. In this review, the evolution of MIR waveguides along with state-of-the-art technologies facilitating next-generation MIR chem/bio sensors will be discussed introducing a classification scheme defining three “generations” of MIR waveguides: (1) conventional internal reflection elements as “first generation” waveguides; (2) MIR-transparent optical fibers as “second generation” waveguides; and most recently introduced(3) thin-film structures as “third generation” waveguides. Selected application examples for these each waveguide category along with future trends will highlight utility and perspectives for waveguide-based MIR spectroscopy and sensing systems.
Over-represented and misunderstood: Pacific young people and juvenile justice in NSW
Authors: Liddell Marg , Blake Meredith , Singh Supriya
Published: September 2016

In New South Wales, Australia, statistics show that Pacific young people are over-represented in the juvenile justice system. They enter later than other young offenders, frequently for violent offending. Drawing on research with Pacific young people on correctional orders, their families and communities, we outline the reasons for their over-representation using a risk and protective paradigm. Family connections, religious faith and cultural identity are reportedly strong for Pacific young people, but they struggle to negotiate differences between Pacific and Australian cultures. Misunderstanding of these issues and Pacific young people’s typical offending trajectory results in a lack of interventions to reduce this offending behaviour. This article makes a contribution to knowledge of a rarely researched group of young people in the juvenile justice system. It highlights the need for increased awareness of issues that Pacific young offenders face.
Translation to Primary Care of an Effective Teen Safe Driving Program for Parents
Authors: Shope Jean T. , Zakrajsek Jennifer S. , Finch Stacia , Bingham C. Raymond , O’Neil Joseph , Yano Stephen , Wasserman Richard , Simons-Morton Bruce
Published: September 2016

Addressing teen driver crashes, this study adapted an effective CheckpointsTM program for parents of teen drivers for dissemination by primary care practitioners (PCPs) and the web; distributed the PCP/web program through pediatric practices; and examined dissemination to/implementation by parents. The website, youngDRIVERparenting.org , and brief intervention protocol were developed. PCPs delivered interventions and materials to parents, referred them to the website, and completed follow-up surveys. Google Analytics assessed parents’ website use. Most PCPs reported delivering interventions with fidelity, and thought the program important and feasible. Brief interventions/website referrals, averaging 4.4 minutes, were delivered to 3465 (87%) of 3990 eligible parents by 133 PCPs over an 18-week average. Website visits (1453) were made by 42% of parents, who spent on average 3:53 minutes viewing 4.2 topics. This program costs little (its website, training and promotional materials are available) and could be one component of a comprehensive approach to reducing teen driver crashes.
Disaster Preparedness in Families With Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Bagwell Holli B. , Liggin Rebecca , Thompson Tonya , Lyle Kristin , Anthony Allison , Baltz Matthew , Melguizo-Castro Maria , Nick Todd , Kuo Dennis Z.
Published: September 2016

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) may present unique challenges for disaster preparedness. This study’s objective was to determine the impact of a disaster supply starter kit intervention on preparedness for families of CSHCN. The study was a 1-group pre-post cohort design with consecutive enrollment at the Arkansas Children’s Hospital Medical Home Clinic. Pre- and postintervention survey findings were compared using McNemar’s test. Of the 249 enrolled, 223 completed the postsurvey. At presurvey, 43% had an Emergency Information Form, compared with 79% at postsurvey ( P < .001). At presurvey, 18% had a disaster kit, compared with 99.6% at postsurvey, and 44% added items. Of the 183 respondents who did not have a disaster kit at presurvey, 99% (n = 182) had a disaster kit on postsurvey, and 38% (n = 70) added items. An inexpensive educational disaster supply starter kit may increase preparedness. Further investigation on sustainability and dissemination to other populations is needed.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury of Adolescents
Authors: Lovell Shannon , Clifford Marvin
Published: September 2016

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is more common in adolescent and young adult populations than in the past. NSSI is typically used to deal with distressing negative affective states, especially anger and depression, and mixed emotional states. Pediatricians; primary care, family medicine, and emergency room physicians; and mental health professionals are faced with the charge of responding to NSSI behaviors among patients. Physicians in family medicine, pediatrics, and primary care settings play an essential role in initiating the beginning step in the treatment process for those who self-injure. All providers can strengthen the care provided to those who engage in NSSI via assessing the risk accurately, understanding the functions of the behavior, and assisting the patient in connecting with treatment. This article provides medical and mental health professionals with an overview of intervention strategies that may be useful when counseling adolescents and their families. In addition, areas for continued research are discussed.
Elections, Ethnicity, and Political Instability
Authors: Butcher Charles , Goldsmith Benjamin E.
Published: September 2016

This article provides a new perspective on the impact of elections on violent political instability in ethnically divided states. A number of scholars argue that elections may provoke large-scale violence in ethnically divided states. In this article, we theorize that elections have a pacifying effect in the most ethnically fractionalized countries as they reduce endemic uncertainty and encourage coalition building, lowering the rate at which electoral losers discount the future. Probit regressions using cross-national data for the period 1960-2010 support the notion that instability onsets are less likely in ethnically fractionalized states during election periods, and especially in the year after a national election.
Teaching from The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks: Student perspectives on health disparities and medical ethics
Authors: Dimaano Christian , Spigner Clarence
Published: September 2016

Objective:

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot is an award-winning biography engaging its readers on important topics ranging from race, science and ethics to the social determinants of health. However, the multiple pedagogic impacts of this book on the public health classroom setting have yet to be comprehensively explored.

Method:

A qualitative, pre/post-test study design assessed the perceptions of 17 Master’s of Public Health students on topics of health disparities and medical ethics. A total of 14 students were assigned to an intervention (book-based seminar course; Cohort A) and 3 students acted as the non-intervention group (Cohort B) over a study period of 10 weeks.

Results:

A thematic analysis uncovered more profound changes in the perceptions of the intervention group. All students were aware of health disparities over the course of the 10-week class; however, significant traction was gained on more complex issues linked to the social determinants of health. Specifically, students in the intervention group showed deeper perceptions about health inequalities with a particular focus on racial disparities.

Conclusion:

Although graduate students in the public health discipline were well aware of health inequalities, a seminar course surrounding a popular book about Henrietta Lacks afforded students a more concrete understanding for why and how race and racism in health disparities exist.
Clinical Outcomes of Zirconia Dental Implants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pieralli S. , Kohal R.J. , Jung R.E. , Vach K. , Spies B.C.
Published: September 2016

To determine the survival rate and marginal bone loss (MBL) of zirconia dental implants restored with single crowns or fixed dental prostheses. An electronic search was conducted up to November 2015 (without any restriction regarding the publication time) through the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify randomized controlled clinical trials and prospective clinical trials including >15 patients. Primary outcomes were survival rate and MBL. Furthermore, the influence of several covariates on MBL was evaluated. Qualitative assessment and statistical analyses were performed. This review was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. With the applied search strategy, 4,196 titles could be identified. After a screening procedure, 2 randomized controlled clinical trials and 7 prospective clinical trials remained for analyses. In these trials, a total of 326 patients received 398 implants. The follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 mo. Implant loss was mostly reported within the first year, especially within the healing period. Thereafter, nearly constant survival curves could be observed. Therefore, separate meta-analyses were performed for the first and subsequent years, resulting in an implant survival rate of 95.6% (95% confidence interval: 93.3% to 97.9%) after 12 mo and, thereafter, an expected decrease of 0.05% per year (0.25% after 5 y). Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted for the mean MBL after 12 mo, resulting in 0.79 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 0.86 mm). Implant bulk material and design, restoration type, and the application of minor augmentation procedures during surgery, as well as the modes of temporization and loading, had no statistically significant influence on MBL. The short-term cumulative survival rates and the MBL of zirconia implants in the presented systematic review are promising. However, additional data are still needed to confirm the long-term predictability of these implants.
Low-velocity impact properties and finite element analysis of syntactic foam reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabric
Authors: Zhi Chao , Long Hairu , Sun Fengxin
Published: September 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the low-velocity impact properties of syntactic foam reinforced by warp-knitted spacer fabric (SF-WKSF). In order to discuss the effect of warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) and hollow glass microballoon parameters on the impact performance of composites, eight different kinds of SF-WKSF samples were fabricated, including different WKSF surface layer structures, different spacer yarn diameters and inclination-angles, different microballoon types and contents. The low-velocity impact tests were carried out on an INSTRON 9250 HV drop-weight impact tester and the impact resistances of SF-WKSF were analyzed; it is indicated that most SF-WKSF specimens show higher peak impact force and major damage energy compared to neat syntactic foam. The results also demonstrate that the surface layer structure, inclination-angle of the spacer yarn and the volume fraction and type of microballoon have a significant influence on the low-impact performance of SF-WKSF. In addition, a finite element analysis finished with ANSYS/LS-DYNA and LS-PrePost was used to simulate the impact behaviors of SF-WKSF. The results of the finite element analysis are in agreement with the experimental results.
Crosslinking formulations based on novel reactive disperse dyes for printing cotton fabrics
Authors: Li Min , Gao Aiqin , Wu Lingshuang , Fu Danna , Xie Kongliang
Published: September 2016

Cotton cellulose is an excellent natural material due to its outstanding characters. Five novel crosslinking reactive disperse dyes containing bi-functional groups, two 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl groups, were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and element analysis. The solvent effect on the color of the dyes was assessed by the electronic absorption spectra. The crosslinking printing properties of the five dyes (D1–5) for cotton fabrics were investigated. The electronic absorption property exhibited larger bathochromic shifts in a stronger polar solvent than in the weaker polar solvents. The crosslinking reaction between two 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylreactive groups and the hydroxyl group of cellulose could take place. The higher color yield and excellent fixation were obtained. The building up property was good for all the dyes on cotton fabric. The printed samples had excellent washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness. The light fastness for cotton fabrics was moderate.
Inverse estimation of the Dunn and Davern model coefficients for jute material using the particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Bansod Pritesh V , Mohanty Amiya R
Published: September 2016

Today many different natural materials are being effectively used in the acoustics and noise control domain. In this study, the acoustical characterization of three different types of natural jute felt material is performed by an experimental method and by using the Dunn and Davern model, along with an inverse characterization method. There are many empirical models available in the literature which describes the acoustical behavior of specific material accurately, as they are specially developed for that material. In this study, the possibility of using only the air flow resistivity based Delany–Bazley model and the Dunn–Davern model for acoustical performance prediction of jute material is tested. However, these two models do not show good matching with the experimental data throughout the frequency range of interest. Particularly in the low frequency region, the level of mismatch between experimental and model data is high. Therefore the inverse prediction of the coefficients [Formula: see text] in Dunn–Davern model using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is conducted, and new coefficients for jute material are found. These new coefficients better predict the acoustical performance of jute felts and reduce the mismatch level in the low-frequency region.
Normative and image motivations for transportation policy compliance
Authors: Gao Jingkang , Zhao Jinhua
Published: September 2016

Compliance with laws and regulations intended to protect common pool resources in the urban context is essential in tackling problems such as pollution and congestion. A high level of non-compliance necessitates investigation into motivations behind compliance. The long-held instrumental theory emphasising the dependence of compliance on tangible deterrence measures fails to adequately explain empirical findings. More recently established compliance models incorporate normative, instrumental and image factors as motivations for compliance. We investigate the importance of normative and image motivations for transportation policy compliance, and the influence of the hukou (China’s household registration) on the composition of motivations. Through a case study of Shanghai’s license auction policy to inhibit car growth, we use a structural equation model and data from a survey ( n = 1389) of policy attitudes and compliance behaviour. The results show that both locals and migrants comply because of instrumental motivation. However, for locals, normative and image motivations not only influence compliance but do so to a greater degree than instrumental motivations. This stands in stark contrast with the fact that there was no statistical relationship between normative and image motivations and compliance for migrants. The significant contribution of normative and image motivations to compliance in locals bears positive implications for compliance, but the absence of that in migrants is worrying. If only instrumental motivations matter, then the government is really constrained in how it can go about keeping social order. Compliance obtained strictly through social control indicates an unsustainable state of governance.
The local distribution of endowments matters: Modelling tax competition with heterogeneous local residents
Authors: Kim Dae Jin , Park In Kwon
Published: September 2016

This study expands on the tax competition literature by incorporating the heterogeneity of resource endowments into the tax competition framework. It theoretically elaborates that the local distribution of resource endowments affects both the level of tax rate and the degree of spatial dependence in tax competition, and empirically confirms the theory using the data for 60 urban municipalities in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea in the years 2004–2006. A spatial panel model for tax cut confirms the presence of tax competition in the SMA and the effects on tax cut of the resource endowment distribution. Another regression model for local indicators of spatial dependence uncovers the fact that the spatial dependence in tax cut is also determined by the local endowment distribution.
Participation without Power
Authors: Koch Florian , Sánchez Steiner Lina María
Published: September 2016

Citizen participation has become an important political strategy. A case study of the Barranquilla land-use plan employing Fung and Wright’s theories on countervailing power reveals that the citizen participation promoted to comply with legal requirements was a failure because it was manipulated by the dominant public actor. In societies such as that of Barranquilla, which employs traditional modes of politics, there is little chance of fostering successful participatory processes because there is no countervailing power to offset the established one. The violent context that surrounds the political sphere, low confidence in state institutions, and the convergence of economic and political power prevent the creation of strong and independent countervailing powers.

La participación ciudadana se ha convertido en una importante estrategia política. El estudio de caso del plan de usos de terrenos de Barranquilla a través del prisma de las teorías de Fung y Wright sobre el poder compensatorio revela que la participación ciudadana promovida para cumplir con los requisitos legales fue un fracaso porque fue manipulada por el actor público dominante. En sociedades como la de Barranquilla, con sus modos tradicionales de la política, hay pocas posibilidades de fomentar procesos de participación exitosos porque no hay un poder compensatorio que contrarreste el poder establecido. El contexto violento que envuelve la esfera política, la poca confianza en las instituciones estatales y la convergencia del poder económico con el poder social impiden la creación de poderes compensatorios fuertes e independientes.
Deepening Demobilization: The State’s Transformation of Civil Society in the Poblaciones of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Koppelman Carter M.
Published: September 2016

Since Chile’s transition to an electoral regime in 1990, the demobilization of local organizations in Santiago’s poor and working-class neighborhoods, known as poblaciones, presents a puzzle, given the continuation of the neoliberal socioeconomic program that urban popular sectors mobilized against under the dictatorship. Ethnographic and interview data from two districts in southern Santiago reveal that the posttransition period has been characterized by increased state domination of local organizations in Santiago’s poor communities. By virtue of their dependence on material resources, local organizations have become extensions of the local state, engaged in service provision rather than contentious claims making. At the same time, the extension of state control has been masked through reinforcement in official discourse of the symbolic boundaries between state and society. This shifting and blurring of the state–civil-society boundary contributes to the deepening of the political demobilization of popular organizations.

Desde la transición a un régimen electoral en Chile en 1990, la desmovilización de las organizaciones locales en los vecindarios pobres y de clase trabajadora de Santiago, conocidos como poblaciones, presenta un enigma, dada la continuación del programa socioeconómico neoliberal contra el cual los sectores urbanos populares se movilizaron durante la dictadura. Algunos datos etnográficos y de entrevistas recogidos en dos distritos del sur de Santiago revelan que el periodo posterior a la transición se ha caracterizado por un aumento en el control del Estado sobre las organizaciones locales en las comunidades pobres de Santiago. Debido a su dependencia de los recursos materiales, las organizaciones locales se han convertido en extensiones del estado local, dedicadas a la prestación de servicios en lugar de luchar por las reinvindicaciones de la comunidad. Al mismo tiempo, la ampliación del control estatal ha sido disfrazada por el fortalecimiento de las fronteras simbólicas entre el estado y la sociedad en el discurso oficial. Esta estrategia contribuye a profundizar la desmovilización política de las organizaciones populares.
Conflict and Convergence between Experts and Citizens
Authors: Hunt Stacey L.
Published: September 2016

TransMilenio, the mass transit system inaugurated in Bogotá at the turn of the millennium, was a technocratic development achievement. Citizens and experts alike held the system in high esteem initially. Over time, however, technocratic knowledge increasingly conflicted with citizens’ experiences, and riders grew extremely dissatisfied with the system. Some experts attempted to depoliticize policy decisions, demobilize civil society, and redefine citizenship as the consumption of services, but citizens continued to participate in myriad ways, protesting in the streets, barricading the system, organizing rider “strikes,” deploying their own expert knowledge, and seeking electoral office in order to inform policy decisions pertaining to the system. The distribution and importance of expertise in shaping the system challenges dichotomous understandings of state and society and highlights the differentiation of citizenship under neoliberal governance.

TransMilenio, el sistema de transporte masivo inaugurado en Bogotá a principios del nuevo siglo, fue un logro de desarrollo tecnocrático. Al principio, tanto los ciudadanos como los expertos tenían una opinión altamente favorable del sistema. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, el conocimiento tecnocrático comenzó a entrar en conflicto cada vez más con la experiencia de los ciudadanos y aumentó cada día más la insatisfacción de los usuarios con el sistema. Algunos expertos trataron de despolitizar las decisiones sobre política pública, e intentaron desmovilizar a la sociedad civil y redefinir el concepto de ciudadanía como el mero consumo de servicios. Sin embargo, los ciudadanos siguieron luchando de diversas maneras: protestando en las calles, bloqueando el sistema con barricadas, organizando “huelgas” de usuarios, dándole valor a su propio conocimiento y aspirando a puestos electivos para así tratar de guiar la toma de decisiones políticas sobre el sistema. La distribución social del conocimiento o pericia y su importancia en la estructuración del sistema ponen en entredicho las visiones dicótomas de estado y sociedad y resaltan la diferenciación de la ciudadanía bajo la gestión neoliberal.
Cultural Adaptation of the Group Lifestyle Balance Program for Chinese Americans
Authors: Chesla Catherine A. , Chun Kevin M. , Kwong Yulanda , Gay Caryl L. , Chi Han-Lin , Gu Yunzi , Hernandez Lenore , Huang Peggy , Strycker Lisa A. , Ma Jun
Published: September 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate a culturally adapted, language-translated diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans.

Methods

This pilot study had a single-group repeated-measures design. Participants were 25 first-generation (n = 20) or second-generation (n = 5) Chinese Americans at risk for diabetes because of overweight (using the Asian-specific criterion of body mass index ≥ 23) and either prediabetes or metabolic syndrome. The 16-session program was administered over 6 months in separate Mandarin (n = 9) and English (n = 16) groups. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Four participants dropped out. Multilevel regression models were used to examine change in study outcomes over time.

Results

Participants lost an average of 5.4% of their body weight across the 6 months of the study. Self-report questionnaires suggested improved dietary intake and increased physical activity. Both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels improved. There were no statistically significant changes in fasting plasma glucose or A1C levels. Participants reported high satisfaction with and acceptance of the program.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the culturally adapted Group Lifestyle Balance program for Chinese Americans was both acceptable and effective. The culturally adapted program warrants further examination using scientific approaches for dissemination and implementation.
Effects of relevance criteria and subjective factors on web image searching behaviour
Authors: Hamid Rahayu A , Thom James A , Iskandar DNF Awang
Published: September 2016

Searching for images is an everyday activity. Nevertheless, even a highly skilled searcher often struggles to find what they are looking for. This article studies the factors that affect users’ online web image search behaviour, investigating (1) the use of criteria in making image relevance judgements and (2) the effect of familiarity, difficulty and satisfaction. The study includes 48 users who performed four online image search tasks using Google Images. Simulated work scenarios, questionnaires and screen capture recordings were used to collect data of their image search behaviour. The results show in judging image relevance, users may apply similar criterion, however, the importance of these criteria depends on the type of image search. Similarly, ratings of users’ perception on subjective aspects of performing image search shows they were task dependent. Users’ perception on subjective aspects of performing image search did not always correspond with their actual search behaviour. Correlation analysis shows that subjective factors cannot be definitively measured by using only one component of search behaviour. Future work includes further analysis on the effects of topic familiarity and satisfaction.
Modelling information diffusion based on non-dominated friends in social networks
Authors: Mozafari Niloofar , Hamzeh Ali , Hashemi Sattar
Published: September 2016

In recent years, social networks have played a strong role in diffusing information among people all around the globe. Therefore, the ability to analyse the diffusion pattern is essential. A diffusion model can identify the information dissemination pattern in a social network. One of the most important components of a diffusion model is information perception which determines the source each node receives its information from. Previous studies have assumed information perception to be just based on a single factor, that is, each individual receives information from their friend with the highest amount of information, whereas in reality, there exist other factors, such as trust, that affect the decision of people for selecting the friend who would supply information. These factors might be in conflict with each other, and modelling diffusion process with respect to a single factor can give rise to unacceptable results with respect to the other factors. In this article, we propose a novel information diffusion model based on non-dominated friends (IDNDF). Non-dominated friends are a set of friends of a node for whom there is no friend better than them in the set based on all considered factors, considering different factors simultaneously significantly enhance the proposed information diffusion model. Moreover, our model gives a chance to all non-dominated friends to be selected. Also, IDNDF allows having partial knowledge by each node of the social network. Finally, IDNDF is applicable to different types of data, including well-known real social networks like Epinions, WikiPedia, Advogato and so on. Extensive experiments are performed to assess the performance of the proposed model. The results show the efficiency of the IDNDF in diffusion of information in varieties of social networks.
Trust, Reciprocity, and Actions: The Development of Trust in Temporary Inter-organizational Relations
Authors: Swärd Anna
Published: September 2016

This paper focuses on the development of trust in temporary inter-organizational relations. One specific form of such relations is public construction projects established by competitive tendering. In this context, previous studies have suggested that the shadow of the future only moderates behavior to a limited extent and trust may seem hard to come by. The present in-depth case study adds to the theorizing of trust dynamics by demonstrating that reciprocal norms at the industry level, as well as reciprocal norms developing during project execution, contribute to the development of trust. The study connects trust, reciprocity, and actions, giving insight into the interplay between trust and reciprocity, the interplay between reciprocal norms at the industry level and the project level, and the role of small and large actions in the trust process.
Nonadherence to Guideline Recommendations for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion in Children Based on Mega‐database Claims Analysis
Authors: Sajisevi Mirabelle , Schulz Kristine , Cyr Derek D. , Wojdyla Daniel , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Tucci Debara , Witsell David L.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To estimate the nonadherence rate of pressure equalization (tympanostomy) tube (PET) placement in the preceding 3‐year period before release of the 2013 American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation clinical practice guideline (CPG).

Study Design

Analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases (2010‐2012).

Subjects and Methods

Medical claims data from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed. Children aged ≤12 years with otitis media (OM)–related diagnoses were identified. Adherence and nonadherence rates for OM and PET placement were analyzed through administrative codes extrapolated from the key action statements (KASs) of the CPG. KASs were aggregated to estimate the overall nonadherence and determine areas for quality improvement.

Results

A total of 9,726,411 visits with OM‐associated codes among 3,710,730 children were identified: 2.9% (80,451 of 3,239,700) were considered nonadherent to KAS 1 because a code for PET placement occurred with a first episode of OM with effusion <3 months; 52.1% (14,534 of 27,913) underwent PET placement for OM with effusion of >3 months and had a concurrent hearing loss code. For those without hearing loss who underwent PET placement, 48.3% (52,921 of 109,583) had a diagnosis code indicating risk for speech, language, or learning problems. For each KAS, we found heterogeneity of computed nonadherence rates by region, age, and season.

Conclusion

Before guideline dissemination, we found low to moderate rates of nonadherence to guideline recommendation. Deeper analysis of mega‐databases could provide better insights for measurement of guideline adherence. The expansion of administrative and clinical databases provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of CPGs.
Volumetric Growth of Cervical Schwannoma as a Predictor of Surgical Intervention
Authors: Alemi A. Sean , Heaton Chase M. , Ryan William R. , El‐Sayed Ivan , Wang Steven J.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Cervical schwannomas are benign tumors that commonly present as asymptomatic masses and are managed with observation, radiation, or surgery. To our knowledge, the rate of volumetric change seen on serial imaging is not currently used to determine surgical candidacy. We assess average growth rates and determine whether growth rate of cervical schwannoma predicts having undergone surgery.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Quaternary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were identified with at least 2 imaging studies and pathologic or imaging characteristics of cervical schwannoma. Volume was calculated with the formula 4/3πxyz, with x, y, and z representing the 3 orthogonal dimensions. Volume and rate of volume change were compared among observed, surgical, and gamma knife groups.

Results

Thirteen patients were identified and divided into subgroups: surgical (n = 5), observation (n = 6), and gamma knife (n = 2). Mean follow‐up time was 21 months (range, 1‐80 months) and not significantly different among subgroups. The average changes in volume were 3.61 cm3/mo (entire group), –2.75 cm3/mo (observation), 11.97 cm3/mo (surgery), and 1.78 cm3/mo (gamma knife). Average initial volume for the entire group was 124.4 cm3 (range, 5‐608 cm3) and 142 cm3 (range 5‐613) at follow‐up. The surgical group had a statistically significant change in volume (P =. 03). A statistically significant difference in growth rate was seen between the surgical and observation groups (P =. 016) and between the surgical group and all nonsurgical patients (P =. 011).

Conclusions

Rate of tumor growth can be used in the evaluation of patients with cervical schwannoma, and it may predict surgical intervention.
Interpretation of Care Guidelines for Obese Women in Labor: Intergroup Language and Social Identity
Authors: Eley Victoria , Callaway Leonie , van Zundert Andre , Lipman Jeffrey , Gallois Cindy
Published: September 2016

The hospital-based care of pregnant women who are obese is complex. Current guidelines recommend early epidural analgesia, but there is disagreement about the guidelines and their implementation by anesthesiologists. In this study, we conducted semistructured interviews with 42 specialist anesthesiologists about their experiences implementing the “early epidural” recommendation. We examined the impact of intergroup identity and system factors on the language used by anesthesiologists to express their experiences, framing the work by social identity and communication accommodation theory. Leximancer text mining was used to elicit the dominant theme “epidural” in the interviews, and discourse analysis aided in exploring selected extracts. Findings indicated that anesthesiologists expressed their role primarily as technical experts, along with the core value of accommodating patients’ wishes. Furthermore, the extent to which they were prepared to accommodate the perspective of other health professionals was a key indicator of the intergroup climate.
The position and agency of the ‘irregularized’: Romani migrants as European semi-citizens
Authors: Sardelić Julija
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the position and agency of Romani migrants. It argues that different states often irregularize the status of Romani migrants even in cases where it should be regularized due to their de jure citizenship. This irregularization is possible because of their position as semi-citizens in their ‘states of origin’. Yet, Romani migrants are not mere passive observers of these practices, but react to their irregularized migrant statuses. In doing so, they redefine their national and European citizenships. This article centres around two case studies to analyse the position and agency of Romani migrants The first is Roma with European Union (EU) citizenship and the second is post-Yugoslav Roma without EU citizenship.
Generic frames and tonality: Mapping a polarizing issue in a multifaceted context
Authors: Guenduez Ali Asker , Schedler Kuno , Ciocan Dumitru
Published: September 2016

This study explores the feasibility and usefulness of five generic frames (conflict, responsibility, economic consequences, human interest and morality) in analysing framing practices in a multifaceted journalistic field over time. We show that supplementing generic frames through the tonality expressed in news stories enhances analytical quality. Mapping Swiss media outlets by how they frame a highly polarizing policy, we identify different framing practices in covering the issue. Using multiple correspondence analyses, the results first show that, while cultural background and media partisanship lead to heterogeneity in how the issue is initially framed, the state’s involvement homogenizes framing practices over time. Second, unlike previous research, our study provides empirical evidence that both conflict frame and attribution of responsibility frame can measure the same underlying construct. Third, we find evidence that these two frames are strongly associated with a negative tone. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Unidentified advertising: Separating contents and radio owner responsibility
Authors: Muela-Molina Clara , Perelló-Oliver Salvador , Hormigos-Ruiz Jaime
Published: September 2016

This article analyses sound indicators as compulsory elements that separate information content from commercial content in order to preserve the rights of consumers and following the legal regulations and codes of conduct. The study has been carried out using a sample of 372 intersection spaces broadcast by the most popular Spanish commercial generalist radio stations and coded following certain variables such as time slot, commercial content, audio signal input separation and audio signal output separation. The results provide substantial evidence regarding the lack of social responsibility of radio owners towards their audience as well as the passivity with which government and self-regulation bodies protect the rights of listeners to be warned of the commercial nature of these radio broadcasts.
Salvage myocardial revascularisation in spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection with cardiogenic shock – the role of mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Padukone Ashok , Sayeed Ahmed K. , Marczin Nandor , García Sáez Diana , Zych Bartlomiej , Mohite Prashant N. , Zeriouh Mohamed , Smith Robert D. , Simon Andre R. , Sabashnikov Anton , Popov Aron-Frederik
Published: September 2016

Spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary events or sudden cardiac death, constituting less than 1% of all epicardial coronary artery dissections. It is often fatal and is mostly recognized at post-mortem examination in young victims of sudden death. More than 70% of the reported cases occurred in women, particularly during pregnancy and the peripartum period and those on oral contraceptives. The clinical presentation is highly variable and prognosis varies widely, depending predominantly on the speed of diagnosis. Treatment options include medical therapy, revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and mechanical circulatory support in cases of cardiogenic shock.

We report a case of spontaneous dissection of the left main stem coronary artery, with extension into the left coronary territory, which occurred in a 41-year-old lady, complicated by profound cardiogenic shock requiring recovery with extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support after salvage myocardial revascularization.