bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistema endocannabinoide y control de la ingesta
Authors: Rodríguez Fonseca Fernando
Published: October 2022

Las aciletanolamidas son mediadores endógenos de naturaleza lipídica que incluyen a la anandamida (AEA), palmitoiletanolamida, oleilamida y oleiletanolamida (OEA). La AEA se une al receptor cannabinoide CB1, localizado en el sistema nervioso central, mientras que la OEA es un ligando endógeno del receptor para proliferadores de peroxisomas subtipo alfa (PPARα). Dado que AEA actúa sobre el mismo receptor que los compuestos activos de la marihuana, a estos compuestos se les denominó como endocannabinoides. Además de los efectos centrales propios de los cannabinoides, la activación del receptor CB1, localizado en el hipotálamo, promueve hiperfagia, mientras que su bloqueo reduce la ingesta a la vez que modifica el metabolismo energético, favoreciendo la oxidación. La OEA tiene efectos inhibidores de la ingesta actuando sobre receptores PPARα y trasnmitiendo su influencia a través del sistema nervioso autónomo. Ambas aciletanolamidas, AEA y OEA, tienen efectos contrapuestos y son regulados por la ingesta, lo que hace probable que formen parte de un sistema sensor de saciedad. El ayuno promueve la liberación de AEA y suprime la de OEA. La llegada de alimento al tubo digestivo tiene el efecto contrario. Adicionalmente la OEA se produce en adipocitos y tiene efectos sobre el metabolismo lipídico. Estos datos otorgan un papel a las aciletanolamidas y al sistema endocannabinoide en la fisiopatología de la obesidad, diabetes y arteriosclerosis.
Eﬁciencia y metabolismo mitocondrial: ¿un eje etiológico de la obesidad?
Authors: Cordero P. , Salomon A. , Martínez J. A.
Published: October 2022

La obesidad, una enfermedad con creciente prevalencia, se genera por un desequilibrio energético que podría relacionarse, en algunos casos, con la eﬁciencia de la maquinaria energética celular en la que participan las mitocondrias. Estos orgánulos son responsables del proceso de fosforilación oxidativa, que concluye con la transformación de nutrientes en energía y ATP, generando radicales libres de alto poder oxidativo. Durante este proceso, estos agentes prooxidantes pueden ocasionar daño celular, que en cierta medida puede ser parcialmente neutralizado mediante factores antioxidantes endógenos como el glutatión, o de agentes antioxidantes aportados a través de la dieta.

El descubrimiento de las proteínas desacoplantes mitocondriales (UCPs) abrió un nuevo campo de investigación. Así, la UCP o termogenina, encargada de la disipación de energía en forma de calor, disminuye la cantidad de ATP y ROS formadas y obligando a la célula que expresa la UCP a oxidar más nutrientes para obtener energía. También se han realizado estudios genéticos sobre variantes de UCP y UCP que las relacionan con una cierta implicación en la obesidad.
Análise institucional no contexto da Saúde Coletiva, em âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Gurgel Júnior Francisco Freitas , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: October 2022

Frente a Análise Institucional no contexto da Saúde Coletiva como impulsionadora do modelo de Atenção Primária à Saúde, objetivou-se analisar sua apropriação em estudos primários e a utilização do referencial teórico-metodológico e conceitual de instituição em seus três momentos: instituído, instituinte e institucionalização. Estudo de revisão de escopo realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Google Acadêmico. Incluiu-se artigos originais nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol, francês, publicados de 1987 a 2021. O agrupamento dos achados quantitativos deu-se por meio da estatística descritiva e o check-list PRISMA-ScR. A análise dos dados narrativos foi organizada no software webQDA®. Resultou em 34 artigos, publicados de 2003 a 2020 tanto do território nacional quanto internacional, com pesquisas relacionadas à saúde coletiva, saúde mental, relação família-equipe, saúde da família, atenção primária, educação permanente, micropolítica do trabalho em saúde. As áreas que mais optaram pela Análise Institucional formam Enfermagem e Psicologia. As significações e o conceito de instituição se confirmam nos achados, apontando uma profusão nos formatos e utilização. Apresenta conceitos e ferramentas com capacidade para aparelhar as análises de práticas em saúde.
Life cycle assessment and shrinkage properties of high performance mortars incorporating synthetic wollastonite microfibers
Authors: Öz Hatice Öznur , Güneş Muhammet , Yücel Hasan Erhan , Ersoy Orkun , Sever Yunus , Demirel Sevgi
Published: October 2022

In this study, the use of an alternative material as supplementary cementitious material was researched for the design of high-performance mortars (HPMs). Synthetic wollastonite microfibres (SWMs) were produced from calcite and quartz sand. The SWMs were then replaced at ratios of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% by cement weight to investigate the fresh, mechanical and shrinkage properties of HPMs. Test results showed that the mechanical and shrinkage properties of HPMs improved up to 9% inclusion of SWMs. The compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and fracture energy of HPM incorporating 9% SWM was higher than that of the control mixture by 8.8–9.1%, 7.5–9.9%, 4.7–6.7%, 8.9–4.6% and 13.2–2.5% at 28–90 days, respectively. Similarly, the ratios for maximum drying shrinkage and average crack width were determined as 10.5% and 58.3%, respectively, at the end of 60 days. These findings were also supported by microstructural analysis. Moreover, the potential environmental impacts resulting from the production of 1 kg SWM and HPM incorporating 9% SWM were evaluated using the life cycle analysis software (LCA) SimaPro 8.5.0.0. Based on the LCA results, SWMs can be used as an alternative material to develop sustainable concrete structures.
Detection of paradoxical carbon dioxide gas embolism with opening of patent foramen ovale by perioperative transesophageal echocardiography during laparoscopic hepatectomy - A case report -
Authors: Kim Haesoo , Lee Jeongyoon , Lee Sang-Gon , Shim Kwang-Seok
Published: October 2022

Background: Due to its various advantages, laparoscopic surgery is preferred over laparotomy in patients who require hepatic resection. Carbon dioxide embolism —which occurs approximately ten times more often in laparoscopic hepatectomy than in general laparoscopic surgery—presents with insignificant symptoms and may be overlooked.Case: A 70-year-old male with hepatic cell carcinoma underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy. Though his vital signs were stable during the initiation of surgery, they became unstable during the procedure. The surgeon detected portal vein rupture, and transesophageal echocardiography was subsequently performed. A large amount of gas in the heart chamber and paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale due to a right-to-left shunt were observed. We treated the symptoms, and the surgery was completed without any further issues.Conclusions: Active use of transesophageal echocardiography to identify and monitor heart functions during a suspected carbon dioxide embolism can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with that embolism.
Deaths due to police action and custody deaths: a persistent problem in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Barit Shimon , Du Toit-Prinsloo Lorraine , Saayman Gert
Published: October 2022

In 2013, South Africa had the second highest rate of imprisonment in Africa. During the apartheid era, a substantial number of deaths in custody involved political detainees. However, two decades after the abolition of apartheid there continues to be a high number of deaths in custody and deaths due to police action.
There is no internationally standardised classification for deaths which take place in custody and/or due to police action. For purposes of this study, we divided these cases broadly into two categories: firstly, deaths which took place as a result of police action as well as deaths of persons held in police custody, and secondly, deaths of inmates of correctional service facilities. We conducted a retrospective descriptive case audit at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory (PMLL) of all cases admitted as deaths as a result of police action, deaths in police custody and deaths in correctional service facilities during the five year period from January 2007 through December 2011. A total of 93 cases were identified, which included 48 deaths due to police action, 28 deaths in police custody and 17 deaths in correctional service custody. The majority of these deaths were due to gunshot wounds (n=48), and all of these occured due to police action. Hangings accounted for 17 cases, the majority of which happened in police holding cells. The study highlights the relatively large numbers of firearm fatalities related to police action. In contrast to similar studies elsewhere, we found no deaths due to phenomena such as excited delirium or deaths associated with illicit drug intoxication. We conclude that there is a need for objective, impartial and competent medico-legal investigation into deaths of this nature.
The criminalisation of gang activity in South Africa: reassessing the rationale
Authors: Van der Linde Delano
Published: October 2022

Criminal gang activity presents a substantial threat to the safety and security of, in particular, the inhabitants of the Cape Flats in Cape Town. The State has intervened legislatively through the form of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998. This is somewhat of a ‘super-criminalisation’ given that similar common law and statutory measures already existed prior to the promulgation of the Act. What is the rationale for the criminalisation of gang activity in South Africa? Furthermore, if there is sufficient rationale for this super-criminalisation, is there sufficient basis to argue for the additional responsibility of gang leaders, which is currently left uncovered by the Act?
Admission of guilt fines: A legal shortcut or delayed shock?
Authors: Van As Hendrik , Erasmus Deon
Published: October 2022

A popular perception shared by peace officers and the public alike is that the payment of an admission of guilt fine finalises the judicial process and no criminal record will result. However, paying an admission of guilt fine in terms of section 56 of the Criminal Procedure Act means that the person is deemed to have been convicted and sentenced in a court of law. People who pay admission of guilt fines later discover with shock that they in fact have a criminal record, with severe consequences. Often costly High Court applications will have to be instituted to set aside the conviction and sentence. Peace officers have a duty to inform a person of the consequences of paying an admission of guilt fine, but often do not do so and even abuse the admission of guilt system to finalise matters speedily. This article examines the consequences for a person who pays an admission of guilt fine. It further investigates whether there is a duty on Legal Aid South Africa to provide legal assistance in these matters and whether an administrative infringement process should be investigated.
The omission of the opt-out clause: The revised (and improved?) Traditional Courts Bill 2017
Authors: Osman Fatima
Published: October 2022

The Traditional Courts Bill B1B-2017 omits the opt-out clause and the notion that engagement with traditional courts is on a voluntary and consensual basis – a long-standing sticky point with traditional leaders. Under the Bill, individuals are bound to attend a traditional court when summoned and cannot opt-out of the system, which conflicts starkly with the notion of customary law as a voluntary and consensual system of law. This article argues that compelling individuals to attend a traditional court may be unconstitutional for unjustifiably infringing the rights to culture, a fair trial and equality.
Poaching of marine living resources: Can the tide be turned?
Authors: Van As Hendrik
Published: October 2022

Certain marine living resources of South Africa are under severe threat from international organised crime syndicates in conjunction with local fishers. These criminal activities erode respect for the rule of law and lead to socio-economic degradation and the proliferation of gangsterism. The current government approach as custodians of the resources is to maximise the return from confiscations. SAPS are not using the full power of the law to address poaching of marine living resources, particularly abalone, as a priority crime and do not allocate their resources commensurate with the value of the commodity. As a country that is beleaguered by fisheries crime, overfishing and exploitation, South Africa must take a tough stance and should pursue criminal organisations with all the power that the state can muster. It must also ensure that national fisheries resource management is improved so that local communities can benefit. The implementation of a conforming strategy would be socially and politically unpopular, but the future benefits will outweigh the outlay.
The differential usage of molecular machinery in brain cancer patients with iron-enriched glioma environments
Authors: Brandon Lucke-Wold , Michael Joseph Diaz , Joanna Song , Sai Batchu , Kevin Root , Karan Patel , Kamil Taneja
Published: October 2022

Gliomas are neuroepithelial tumors in the brain or spinal cord that arise from glial or precursor cells and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. They are the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumors, representing 75% of cases in adults and 24% of all cases of primary brain and CNS tumors [1,2].
Morphometry of the middle cerebral artery (sylvian artery) on MRI: Contribution to cerebral endovascular surgery
Authors: Racky Wade-Kane , Cheikh Seye , Magaye Gaye , Aïnina Ndiaye , Ndeye Bigué Mar , Sokhna Astou Gawane Thiam , Karim Yacouba Garba , Daouda Harouna Tireira , Isseu Dior Seck , Mamadou Ndiaye , Philippe Manyacka Manyemb , Sokhna Ba , Abdoulaye Dione Diop , Assane Ndiaye , Mamadou Diop , Jean Marc Ndoye , Abdoulaye Ndiaye
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), from its old nomenclature “sylvian artery”, is a terminal branch of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) of which it constitutes the main extension. It represents a fundamental branch of the brain vasculature. The objective of this work was to provide Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) morphometric data of the MCA to inform the interventions of neurovascular specialists and to contribute to the advancement of microcatheter and stent technology. Methodology: Morphometry was studied on 40 Cerebral Hemispheres (CH) of 20 right-handed subjects aged 18 to 55 years. We used a Philips MRI from the Achieva range at 1.5 Tesla with the T2-SE and TOF sequences. After identification, the MCA morphometry consisted of measuring the luminal diameter at the origins of the four segments of the MCA. These were the M1 (sphenoidal), M2 (insular or sylvian), M3 (opercular) and M4 (cortical) segments. Results: The diameter is greater at the level of the M1 segment then it decreases along the path of the MCA. Within the same HC, the average luminal diameters at the origin of segments M1, M2 and M3 decrease significantly and successively from front to back (from M1 to M3). However, there is no significant difference between the average luminal diameters of M3 and M4. The M1, M2 and M3 segments show no significant mean difference between the right cerebral hemisphere (RCH) and the Left Cerebral Hemisphere (LCH). Only the M4 segment of the MCA presents a difference in the averages of the luminal diameter between the two CHs. Also, for this same segment M4, the distribution of RCH means is significantly higher than that of LCH. Conclusion: These results can help in choosing the appropriate size (diameter) of the microcatheters. Also, they make it possible to determine new diameters of microcatheters in the neurovascular system, some distal artery segments of which have been inaccessible until now.
Preparation of tissue for transmission electron microscopy ultrastructural analysis v1
Authors: C Danne Jillian
Published: October 2022

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) enables the magnification and visualisation of cell and tissue ultrastructure that cannot otherwise be resolved using a light microscope. In transmission electron microscopy, a high energy electron beam generated from an electron gun is focused by electromagnetic lenses onto an ultrathin section of plastic embedded specimen. Electrons are transmitted through the specimen onto a fluorescent screen based on sample density, and an image is acquired by a digital camera. Here, a protocol for preparing tissue specimens for TEM ultrastructural analysis is described. A tissue specimen is fixed, dehydrated and infiltrated with resin. The resin is then polymerised, and embedded tissue sectioned using an ultramicrotome. Ultrathin sections are contrasted with heavy metals prior to imaging using a TEM. Options for faster processing using a Microwave processor are described for relevant steps.
ANÁLISE DO CASAMENTO PRECOCE NO BRASIL À LUZ DO PRINCÍPIO DO MELHOR INTERESSE DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Lelis Santos Gardenia , Nascimento Jefferson Menezes
Published: October 2022

O casamento infantil é um mal recorrente nas sociedades, visto que a desinformação, pressão social ou até mesmo vontade de liberdade quando fala mais alto impulsionam crianças e jovens a uma união precoce. O que impacta diretamente na legislação civilista nacional e no curso das trajetórias de cada pessoa que se casa antes de completar a idade núbil (16 anos). O objetivo é investigar os impactos causados pela Lei n.º 13.811/19 e como está o fluxo de casamentos prematuros em solo brasileiro e a nível internacional. A análise a partir de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, natureza básica, de caráter explicativo e descritivo, cujo método é dedutivo, recorrendo-se ao procedimento bibliográfico, de levantamento e ex-post-facto
Dynamics in the Development of the Education System for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Russia: Results of the 2021 National Monitoring
Authors: Khaustov A.V. , Schumskih M.A.
Published: October 2022

The results of the national monitoring of the education system of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), conducted in 2021 by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in the cooperation with the Federal Resource Center for Organization of Comprehensive Support to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (FRC of MSUPE), are presented. The total amount of students with ASD in 2021 increased by 18% compared to 2020 and amounted to 39,117 individuals. The majority of children with ASD (71%) study at the levels of primary, basic and secondary general education. A much smaller proportion of ASD development at risk children is covered by early intervention — 1.5% of total number. The minimum number of adolescents and adults with ASD are included in the system of secondary vocational and higher education: 1.1% and 0.033%, respectively, of the total number of individuals with ASD in Russia. Monitoring revealed difficulties in the including children with ASD in the system of inclusive education. The proportion of students with ASD included in the inclusive educational model «Resource Class» is 7.5%. Homeschooled students with ASD make up 36% of the total number of students with autism. However, there is a positive trend in the availability of specialists for students with ASD: 98% of students with ASD receive psychological support; 74% — speech therapy; 66% — special teachers support; 70%f — social care teacher; tutor support — 33%. Tutor support remains the most urgent problem. In 52 subjects of the Russian Federation, 60 regional resource centers have been created, which require consulting and methodological support from the FRC of MSUPE.
A Crypto Loan: Problems of Legal Qualification
Authors: Starovoitova A. S.
Published: October 2022

The author considers the concept of «digital money». The paper analyzes the legal nature of various types of digital currency. Special attention is paid to the civil law regime of the cryptocurrency and the peculiarities of its property turnover in an information system using blockchain technologies. The paper examines the following complex debatable issues of civil law: 1. possibility of applying provisions on obligations to digital relations; 2. problems of protecting the rights of digital money holders; 3. enforcing restitution in the digital environment. The paper analyzes the design of a crypto loan using a centralized Binance Loan exchange. The author concludes that the actual algorithm for lending cryptocurrencies is similar to the mechanism of traditional transfer of things determined by generic characteristics applied to a loan. The conclusion is reasoned that such legal concepts as «transaction», «legal relationship», «obligation» and «contract» can only be applied to the interaction of participants in actual loan relations in the digital environment with a high degree of conditionality. It has been revealed that attempts to qualify cryptocurrency loan relations without taking into account the position of the legislator are premature. Currently, the actual relationship with cryptocurrency is not a legal relationship and it cannot be formalized by civil contracts. The paper determines the tasks the solution of which, according to the author, will serve to settle loan relations in the digital environment. In particular, the issues concerning legislative determination of the civil law regime of digital money, consolidation of digital legal facts, possibility of applying general provisions on obligations to digital relations need immediate resolution. It is proved that in order to guarantee the proper fulfillment of cyber loan obligations, it is necessary to establish rules for the functioning of information systems at the legislative level, to formalize requirements for their operators and determine the responsibility of the latter for the data safety and reliability of transactions.
The Principles of International Family Mediation
Authors: Trofimets I. A.
Published: October 2022

Mediation among alternative ways of dispute resolution, along with conciliation and negotiations, occupies priority positions, having shown its effectiveness in comparison with judicial and administrative forms of protection of the rights and legitimate interests. The attractiveness of mediation lies precisely in the simplicity and convenience of the procedure itself, a calm atmosphere of dialogue mediated by a mediator and the obligation to resolve the conflict fairly with due regard to the opinions of all parties involved. Mediation originated as a technique for the family law disputes resolution and it is still widely used for this category of disputes and for cross-border (international) intra-family conflicts as the optimal form of dialogue between conflicting family members. Fundamental principles of mediation — the guiding principles of construction — predetermine its attractiveness as conciliation prosedure. This social institution is based on voluntariness, confidentiality, impartiality and neutrality, applicability, decisions made by the participants themselves, availability of independent legal support for each of the participants, priority of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, understanding and taking into account cultural differences between family members, as well as special qualification requirements applied to international family mediators. In some cases, mediation really avoids seeking legal assistance from judicial and administrative authorities, and in some cases it accelerates the processes of proceedings involving representatives of judicial or executive authorities. For cross-border intra-family disputes, this approach is very relevant, since the international family mediator, while mediating, does not ignore cultural, religious and social differences between disputing family members. In addition, a mediation agreement does not become enforceable at its conclusion. A mediation agreement becomes enforceable only when confirmed by a court or notary, which provides it with the coercive force of the state.
The Retrospective and Perspective of Understanding the Object and Subject of Anti-Corruption Expertise
Authors: Akunchenko E. A.
Published: October 2022

Anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts and their drafts plays an important role in the anti-corruption system, as it allows to assess and reduce the corruption potential of regulatory defects and thereby prevent the emergence and development of corruption relations in the process of law enforcement. The doctrinal approaches presented today in the specialized literature applied to interpret the object and subject of anti-corruption expertise do not reveal the entire cognitive potential of these categories, since they do not take into account the influence of external functional links of the normative content of legal acts on the processes of determining the corrupt behavior of officials, and also do not orient practitioners to find the most effective ways to eliminate the identified corruption-causing factors. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the traditional understanding of normative legal acts and their drafts as an object of anti—corruption expertise, and corruption-causing factors as its subject, can be taken as a basis and detailed taking into account the perspective tasks of state policy in the field of combating corruption. Based on philosophical and theoretical-legal views regarding the categories of «object» and «subject» of the study, taking into account the provisions of the current anti-corruption legislation, the author provides definitions of the object and subject of anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts and draft regulatory legal acts. In addition, the paper outlines some promising directions for the development of scientific knowledge of the legal nature of this anti-corruption tool and its functional purpose in the anti-corruption system.
Prospects for Fixing the Institution of Criminal Misconduct in Domestic Legislation: Criminal Procedural Aspect
Authors: Tsyretorov A. I.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the procedural side of the institution of criminal misconduct contained in the draft federal law «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the introduction of the concept of criminal misconduct», introduced by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author examines the proposed institution through the prism of the existing problems in criminal proceedings — its excessive formalization and limited resources of judicial and law enforcement agencies. According to the author, domestic criminal proceedings do not provide proper differentiation of legal impact depending on the severity of the committed act, and some legal constructions in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, conceived as ways to increase the effectiveness of criminal procedural activities, do not fully fulfill their purpose. The introduction of the institution of criminal misconduct fits into the global trend of wider use of simplified (accelerated) procedural forms, of which it is a kind, and will allow achieving greater procedural savings and, as a result, using the released resources in matters requiring closer attention. The institution of a criminal act is proposed in a somewhat truncated form — this is caused by practical considerations, the requirements of smoothness, gradual accumulation of new legal institutions. Touching upon the issue of the limits of possible simplification of procedural forms, the author notes that procedural economy and the desire for a proper degree of diversity of legal regulation cannot serve as a justification for reducing the level of procedural guarantees of participants in criminal proceedings.
Towards the efficacy of erector spinae plane block in lumbar spinal fusion
Authors: Morunova Anna Yu. , Ezhevskaya Anna A. , Andrianova Tatyana O. , Bokov Andrey E.
Published: October 2022

AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the erector spinae plane block (ESP-block) in lumbar spinal fusion in the perioperative period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized study included 200 patients aged 4565 years undergoing decompression and lumbar spinal fusion. All the patients were divided into three groups depending on the anesthesia method. The first group received general anesthesia in combination with a single bilateral ESP-block; the second group received general anesthesia in combination with a prolonged bilateral ESP-block; the third (or, control) group was given general anesthesia. The parameters of intraoperative hemodynamics, the postoperative pain according to the visual analog scale, the need for opioid analgesics during and after surgery, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and other anesthesia-induced adverse reactions were assessed.
RESULTS: Patients who received the single bilateral ESP-block have exhibited adequate pain relief, leading to minimal opioid analgesic consumption in the early postoperative period. However, prolonged ESP-block with bilateral catheters is the most efficacious postoperatively, and patients hardly needed narcotic analgesics and featured a low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (hazard ratio: 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.2130.464; р 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The bilateral ultrasound-assisted ESP-block in lumbar decompression and spinal fusion ensures adequate pain relief both intra- and postoperatively, resulting in a reduced need for opioid analgesics and minimizing their related incidence of adverse reactions.
Neuropathic pain treatment with xenon
Authors: Khinovker Vladimir V. , Veselova Olga F. , Khinovker Ekaterina V. , Koryachkin Viktor A.
Published: October 2022

THE AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of xenon on neuropathic pain during parapulmonal injections in the rat model. Xenon is a drug for inhalation anesthesia that is assumed to have an analgesic effect when administered parapulmonary (similar to nitrous oxide and cyclopropane) and can later be used as an alternative analgesic drug in patients with pain syndrome that is not controlled by standard methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment used in vivo model of neuropathic pain by Bennet and Xie (1988) on rats with sciatic nerve transection. Additionally, a special scoring was adopted based on known behavioral changes of experimental animals (self-harm of limbs, neatness, activity, and bedding conditions). The control group was subcutaneously administered air daily for 5 days, and the experimental group received medical xenon at 40 ml/kg. The pain was assessed with the subcutaneous introduction of air and xenon in the experimental and control groups.
RESULTS: Study results revealed that rats from the experimental group (xenon) showed fewer signs of neuropathic pain syndrome development compared to the control group (air).
CONCLUSION: Therefore, parapulmonal injections of xenon showed a high analgesia effect in animal models of chronic neuropathic pain.
Dynamics and structure of forensic medical investigations of violent death in St. Petersburg over the past 10 years
Authors: Bozhchenko Aleksandr P. , Isakov Vladimir D. , Yagmurov Orasmurad D. , Yakovenko Olga O. , Nazarov Yuri V.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Among other things, changes in the structure of forensic medical expert material serve as an indicator of dynamic processes in society. The levels of injuries and violent and nonviolent death somehow depend on the state of the economy and health care in the region and the state as a whole. In recent years, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was proclaimed as a pandemic with tangible social and economic damage to States, has been one of the determining factors. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of the volume and structure of violent death in the Russian Federation over the past 10 years, including the pandemic period, using the megalopolis example. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study reviewed the annual reports of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of St. Petersburg using data grouping, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, comparison, system analysis, and inductive generalization. RESULTS: Over the past 10 years, several significant changes have occurred in St. Petersburg in the scope and structure of forensic medical investigations of violent deaths. The main positive trend was a decreased absolute and relative number of cases of violent death. Statistically significantly (p 0.05) decreased number of cases of transport injuries, injuries resulting from the action of blunt and sharp objects, gunshot, thermal injury, and mechanical asphyxia, as well as poisoning with ethanol and carbon monoxide, significantly decreased infant mortality, and fewer unidentified and unclaimed corpses were observed. Additionally, a steady increase in the number of drug poisoning was found, and the fatal injury level due to falling from a height remained consistently high. The background incidence of COVID-19 in 2020 was 2.43.2%. CONCLUSION: The proportion of cases of falling from a height, thermal burns, and strangulation with a noose increased among the dead with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, and transport (primarily rail), gunshot and explosive injuries, cases of drowning, poisoning with drugs, and alcohol detection in the biological environments of the body of the victims were less common.
Clinical and expert assessment of the state of dental prostheses in patients with complaints of intolerance
Authors: Manin Oleg I. , Romodanovskiy Pavel O. , Dubova Liubov V. , Zolotnitskiy Igor V.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of intolerance to denture structural materials is a multidisciplinary medical issue that necessitates close cooperation between dentists and doctors of other specialties. Criteria for clinical and expert assessment of denture condition are proposed, which will help develop tactics and algorithms for examining patients with intolerance symptoms. Hence, the differential diagnosis of this pathology will be improved, which will increase the effectiveness of dental orthopedic treatment and significantly reduce the number of complaints.
AIM: To analyze clinical and expert assessment of denture conditions in patients with complaints of intolerance to dental orthopedic structural materials
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a survey of 486 people with complaints of intolerance at the age of 45 to 89 years with fixed dentures from 2020 to 2022 (174 males and 312 females). All patients, depending on age, were divided into three groups. The denture condition and the time of manufacture were assessed.
RESULTS: The examination revealed that the use of dentures ranged from 1 month to 37 years. The analysis of the state of metal-ceramic, ceramic, and prostheses made of zirconium dioxide revealed that orthopedic dental treatment using these structural materials is the most optimal.
CONCLUSION: The elderly had the most inconsistent dentures, which is reflected in the number of those who applied with this pathology. Compliance with denture operating conditions and the use of modern structural materials significantly reduces the number of complaints about intolerance phenomena.
Neurological consequences of dental treatment: prospects for expert criteria
Authors: Griga Ellina S. , Bozhchenko Alexandr P. , Tolmachev Igor A. , Borisova Eleonora G.
Published: October 2022

Recently, a consistently high number of appeals to law enforcement agencies and courts of patients regarding unfavorable outcomes of dental (therapeutic, surgical, orthopedic, and orthodontic) treatment was reported. A significantly increased number of neuropathies due to the shortcomings of medical care was found.
This study analyzed the modern literature data on defects and shortcomings in the provision of dental care to patients. A consistently high number of commission and complex forensic medical examinations of the dental profile were noted. The absence of criteria for assessing the neurological consequences of dental treatment was revealed.
Study results determined the scientific directions for studying the neurological consequences of dental treatment.
Mitochondrial networks of cumulus cells and oocyte quality
Authors: Panferov Egor V. , Tapilskaya Natalya I. , Masieva Kristina S. , Ob’edkova Kseniya  V. , Gzgzyan Alexander M.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria play vital roles in oocyte functions and they are critical indicators of oocyte quality which is important for fertilization and development into viable offspring. Quality-compromised oocytes in which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role are correlated with infertility, developmental disorders and embryo loss. A significant role in the oocytes of cytoplasmic accumulation and a sufficient amount of the mitochondrial pool of oocytes is played by the cumulus cells surrounding it.
AIM: to conduct a comparative analysis between the state of mitochondrial networks of cumulus cells and the quality of oocytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 22 women aged 28 to 37 years inclusive (mean age 32.3 1.2 years) with tubal infertility. During the assisted reproductive technology procedures, 74 oocytes were obtained. 39 good quality oocytes and their cumulus cells were compared with 35 bad quality oocytes and their cumulus cells respectively. After puncture of ovarian follicles cumulus cells were isolated and stained with fluorescent dye for cell tracing and mitochondrial imaging in vivo. The method of confocal microscopy was used to analyze the three-dimensional organization of mitochondria in 2030 cells of one pool of follicular fluid. The following parameters were used to evaluate the mitochondrial network: fluorescence decay time and fluorescence intensity.
RESULTS: The decay time of fluorescence in cumulus cells associated with a good quality oocyte was significantly higher (p = 0.032) than in the case of identification of oocytes with negative signs.
CONCLUSION: The structure of mitochondrial networks in cumulus cells correlates (r = 0.76) with the quality of oocytes.
Allogeneic osteoplastic materials for reconstructive surgery of combat injuries
Authors: Khominets Vladimir V. , Vorobev Konstantin A. , Sokolova Margarita O. , Ivanova Anastasia K. , Komarov Artem V.
Published: October 2022

The number of operations with the use of osteoplastic materials is increasing annually, which is explained by the increasing number of high-tech operations, reconstructive interventions for bone pathology, oncoorthopedics, bone deformities, as well as tissue defects resulting from combat trauma. Bone as an object of transplantation and is preferable because the use of bone tissue and materials made on its basis creates the necessary conditions for biological restoration of bone as an organ.
The modern trend is the development of regenerative medicine technologies and the development of modified materials with improved and predetermined properties osteoplastic materials ceased to be static structures and their inertness gave way to functional activity.
The article describes the basic advantages of bone tissue and allogenic osteoplastic materials for their prospective use in reconstructive and reconstructive surgery of the musculoskeletal system. Data on the experience in the use of donor bone tissues for homoplasy at the clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics of the Kirov Military Medical Academy are presented. The advantages of allogeneic decellularized tissues for use in clinical and scientific practice are considered. The importance of preserving the architecture of native tissue for successful bone transplantation is shown. Decellularization is a method that allows the removal of immunogenic agents from tissues and organs, including cells and residual DNA, preserving the natural composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix for the most effective use of allogeneic bone tissue. The use of decellularized allogenic bone tissue purified to a mineral-collagen matrix or demineralized is the most practical option among other osteoplastic materials when large bone fragments need to be replaced.
AN ANALYSIS OF PISA DATA TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ COMPUTER USE, ATTITUDES TOWARD SCHOOL AND READING ENJOYMENT TIME
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Elif
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented damages by putting lives into a complete shutdown endangering the entire education system. With the swift shift to online learning, students have to face numerous types of struggles causing a lot of stress due to the unknowns of distance learning. Unfortunately, although this transition was supposed to end in 2020, it was inevitably prolonged and it looks like online teaching and learning will be an inevitable part of education. In addition to that, as use of technology continues its rapid growth among students, both within and outside of the educational context, its effect on students’ performance and attitudes becomes an increasingly important question to address. If computers move from being supplements to being the core of the learning environment and students’ daily life, this may constraint opportunities for social and intellectual development interfering with the learning process. This study will try to understand if computer and Internet use are correlated with students’ reading habits and attitudes toward school. For testing that hypnotized model, the technique of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is used. The path model indicating the relationship between students’ computer use and their reading habits and attitudes toward school is tested. According to the path model analysis, computer and Internet use in school are positively related with Internet use at home that seems to have a negative relationship with reading enjoyment time.
Assessment of age estimation methods for forensic applications using non-occluded and synthetic occluded facial images
Authors: Derenee Jeuland Elouan , Del Río Ferreras Aitor , Chaves Deisy , Fidalgo Eduardo , González-Castro Victor , Alegre Enrique
Published: October 2022

Age estimation is a valuable forensic tool for criminal investigators since it helps to identify minors or possible offenders in Child Sexual Exploitation Materials (CSEM). Nowadays, Deep Learning methods are considered state-of-the-art for general age estimation. However, they have low performance in predicting the age of minors and older adults because of the few examples of these age groups in the existing datasets. Moreover, facial occlusion is used by offenders in certain CSEM, trying to hide the identity of the victims, which may also affect the performance of age estimators. In this work, we assess the performance of six deep-learning-based age estimators on non-occluded and occluded facial images. We selected FG-Net and APPA-REAL datasets to evaluate the models under non-occluded conditions. To assess the models under occluded conditions, we created synthetically occluded versions of the non-occluded datasets by drawing eye and mouth black masks to simulate the conditions observed in some CSEM images. Experimental results showed that the evaluated age estimators are affected more by eye occlusion than by mouth occlusion. Also, facial occlusion affects more the accuracy of the age estimation of minors and the elderly compared to other age groups. We expect that this study could become an initial benchmark for age estimation under non-occluded and occluded conditions, especially for forensic applications like victim profiling on CSEM where age estimation is essential.
Segmentación en imagen de frutos de granado usando deep learning con aplicación en agricultura de precisión
Authors: Giménez-Gallego Jaime , González-Teruel Juan D. , Toledo-Moreo Ana B. , Jiménez-Buendía Manuel , Soto-Valles Fulgencio , Torres-Sánchez Roque
Published: October 2022

En agricultura de precisión, para monitorizar el estado del cultivo mediante imagen de forma automática, son necesarias herramientas de procesamiento para poder extraer la información de interés. En este estudio se desarrolla un modelo de Deep Learning para segmentación de imagen con el objetivo de discriminar los frutos del granado. Se alcanzan unos resultados de Intersection over Union (IoU)=0,71 y mean Average Precision (mAP)=0,82. Posteriormente, se expone un algoritmo que permite estimar el tamaño del fruto en píxeles, con un error relativo medio del 5,4%.
Hacia los gemelos digitales térmicos de edificios con robots
Authors: López-Rey Alejandro , Ramón Amanda , Adán Antonio , Quintana Galera Blanca , García Aguilar Juan
Published: October 2022

Este artículo muestra la metodología desarrollada y los resultados obtenidos por el grupo 3DVC&R de la UCLM en la obtención de modelos térmicos de interiores de edificios con robots móviles. El documento revisa las etapas principales de planificación, adquisición de datos, procesamiento y creación del modelo geométrico-térmico semántico. El sistema y el método propuestos han sido experimentados con éxito en interiores de edificios a nivel de planta. Se presentan los resultados en un caso de estudio de 187 m2 de superficie, con 5 zonas comunicadas por varias puertas. Este trabajo se considera un primer paso hacia la consecución de gemelos digitales térmicos de edificaciones en el entorno de la ingeniería, arquitectura y construcción.
Becoming Allies: Introducing a Framework for Intersectional Allyship to Muslim Survivors of Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Mokhtar Hasnaa , Chaudhry Tahani
Published: October 2022

Multiple social movements (e.g., Black Lives Matter, The Combahee River Collective, Musawah, and #MeToo) have highlighted the systems of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, Islamophobia, and classism) in this country and globally that have targeted different marginalized groups. The traumatic experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) are compounded by the trauma of a long history of structural violence and the unique experiences of different social identities, including race, religion, and gender. One example in the Muslim American context is how Oyewuwo (2019) analyzes the unique experiences of Black Muslim women seeking help for GBV. Her work illustrates the ways in which these women, growing up in a system of oppression and injustice, shaped their response to GBV by creating patterns in which they endure violence and pain. As a South-Asian-American and an Arab-American researching GBV and working within the field, we ask: how do we, members of the Muslim community, become allies for Muslims experiencing GBV within the context of systematic oppression (in ways that prevent privileged groups from reproducing and maintaining patterns of inequality)?
In this paper, we aim to envision possibilities for our role as allies by looking into the intersection of Islamophobia, racism, sexism, and domestic violence within Muslim communities. We present a theoretical background to some of the existing literature on intersectionality and allyship and provide a framework to combine them. The resulting framework will build off existing social movements and apply these learnings to the context of GBV within the Muslim context. Finally, this framework gives community allies, including faith leaders, activists, and community members, a guideline on the role they play in this critical social issue.