bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology of scientific knowledge of processes of globalization and transformations as factors of development and universalization of human rights of new generations
Authors: Turyanytsia V.V.
Published: February 2023

Globalization processes and transformations are revealed as an objective trend of internationalization of various branches of today’s life at the international level, the formation of new legal relations at the level of national and international rights in thisirreversible process and their close interconnection and complementarity, the formation of the rights of a new generation.The understanding of these processes and their consequences is facilitated by the methodology of scientific knowledge as a paradigm of the historical development of human civilization.It has been established that globalization processes and the emergence of new human rights are dialectically interconnected, complementary and interdependent in the development of human civilization, the formation of new sociolegal institutions of peaceful coexistence and development without any discrimination. It has been determined that globalization is a drivingdominant factor in the evolution of human rights in the direction of: 1. Transformation of existing rights. 2. Development of new rights with expanded content. 3. Recognition and consolidation of new rights. 4. Universalization of new and transformedrights at the international level. 5. Innovative approaches to improving the mechanism of rights implementation and their protection at the international level. 6. The formation of new legal institutions based on the principle of partnership and parity with the aim of coexistence/coexistence and the development of human civilization without various types of discrimination and solving problems that have signs of a global level and planetary challenges.Thus, the theory of globalism/globalization has taken a significant place in modern science and politics. The understanding of globalization should be carried out with the same understanding of its significance for world development in the 21stcentury as capitalism for the 19th century and imperialism for the 20th century. These are deep processes transforming the world of law.
To the issue of qualification of sexual violence in the conditions of international armed conflict
Authors: Berdnik I.V.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the qualification of sexual violence as war crimes, using the norms of international and national law. The author states that the study of sexual violence, its consequences for society, as well as taking measures toprevent it through criminal legal means remains relevant for almost all countries of the world. The issues of qualification acquire special importance during investigation of sexual violence acts took place in the context of an armed conflict.It is proved that the issues of qualification of sexual violence committed during an armed conflict should be investigated taking with the provisions of the Rome Statute and Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Such an approach will provide thepotential possibility for blaming guilty persons to international criminal responsibility.The lion’s share of this article is devoted to the defining the common and mandatory signs of composition for all crimes related to sexual violence: the objective elements (actus reus) and mental elements (mens rea). The author takes into account thegeneral rules of qualification of crimes and clarifies the peculiarities of the qualification algorithm for the combatants who committed sexual violence against the civilian population during the armed conflict.The author comes to the conclusion that sexual violence committed by a combatant in the conditions of an armed conflict is covered by the concept of “other violations of the laws and customs of war, which are provided for by international treaties, thebinding consent of which was given by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine”. Such actions must be qualified under Part 1 and/or Part 2 of Art. 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and norms of international humanitarian law according to the general qualificationrules of criminal offenses.
The role and place of the advocacy institute in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms
Authors: Belova M.V. , Byelov D.M.
Published: February 2023

It is indicated that a person in a democratic, legal state is the highest social value, which plays a decisive role in all spheres of material, political, social, spiritual and cultural life. At the same time, each person is individual, original, unique, unique. Its participation in the activities of the legal state depends on the material and spiritual capabilities in the use of its subjectiverights and the voluntary performance of its legal obligations. The legal status of a person consists in his rights, freedoms, and obligations established by legislation, which represent opportunities that turn into reality through their practical implementation.

The authors highlight certain features of the constitutional and legal status of the Institute of Advocacy. The specificity of the legal nature of the institution of advocacy in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms is determined. The place and role of the legal profession among other state authorities has been established.The authors come to the conclusion that the institution of advocacy in the mechanism of protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen is one of the means for self-limitation of state power through the creation and active functioning of an independent human rights institution, which is an active actor in the process of implementing the main constitutional functionof the state - the implementation and protection of rights and freedoms person and citizen. The constitutional and legal status of the bar allows it to actively ensure the rights of not only every person, but also of the entire civil society, to effectively implement the human rights function of the state by ensuring proper interaction in the activities of state authorities and civil society.

The main features of advocacy that reveal its essence in the mechanism of providing legal aid are: 1) advocacy acts as a separate human rights institution; 2) the bar actively interacts with state authorities and institutions of civil society as anequal partner in the mechanism of protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms; 3)as part of their professional duty to protect the rights and interests of their clients, lawyers play a significant role in the fair administration of justice. Being an active participant in the mechanism of law enforcement, occupying an independent place in the mechanism of justice, the bar performs (should perform) an important function of public control in this area.
On the question of professional ethics of lawyers: the american model
Authors: Berch V.
Published: February 2023

A lawyer is a specialist who not only has a higher legal education, but also a lawyer who is called to perform the tasks of providing legal assistance to society in all areas of its life. The essence, content and direction of the lawyer’s activity aredetermined by his main goal - the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person, society and its institutions (including the state) with the help of tools for effective, competent and high-quality legal assistance.Ethics and professional responsibility are key foundations of the legal profession. Being a lawyer means holding yourself to higher standards. Members of the public must trust that lawyers will handle their case with the highest level of skill and with the highest level of attention to ethical principles. Legal ethics is a set of rules of professional behavior of practicing lawyers. These rules focus on regulating the behavior of lawyers in all aspects of legal practice, including relations with clients, the courtand third parties. The aims and legitimate purpose of these rules are to ensure the integrity of the legal profession and to define the duties of the lawyer as a representative of the client, as an official of the legal system and as a citizen who has a special responsibility for the quality of justice.

The standards and requirements of legal ethics derive from a combination of statutory provisions and norms that are widespread in the legal profession. Thus, the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct, state courtdirectives, state bar association instructions, and ethics experts’ opinions are among the sources of legal ethics.Despite the fact that there is broad uniformity among states regarding legal ethics, the specifics of the rules of professional conduct are determined by each jurisdiction separately.The study of the regulation of the ethical behavior of lawyers in the context of American legislation is valuable and relevant for the legal science of the constitutional law of Ukraine and the conduct of further comparative legal characteristics of the activities of highly competent, professional and fair lawyers.
Kajian Ikonologis Arsitektur dan Interior Masjid Al-Fatih Al-Anshar Makassar
Authors: Reskiya Rahmi , Ananda Nadilah Tri , Nursyam Nursyam
Published: February 2023

Abstrak_Masjid Al Fatih Al Anshar adalah masjid yang terletak di Jalan Paccinang Raya, Kelurahan Tello, Kecamatan Panakkukang , Kota Makassar. Masjid ini memiliki desain arsitektur yang unik dan menarik. Bentuk fasadnya memliki salah satu sudut yang menyerupai bentuk Ka’bah lengkap dengan Hajar Aswad. Hasil dari penilitian dari tahap deskripsi pra ikonografi diperoleh makna primer yang menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur dan interior masjid Al fatih al anshar memiliki ciri-ciri kegiatan ibadah dalam agama Islam. Tahap analisa ikonografi diperoleh makna sekunder yang menunjukkan bahwa konsep yang digunakan adalah alam semesta yang menunjukkan kebesaran Allah SWT. Tahap interprestasi ikonologis diperoleh makna secara simbolis yaitu bentuk Ka’bah yang merupakan kiblat umat muslim.Kata kunci: Ikonologis; Arsitektur; Interior; Masjid. Abstract_Al Fatih Al Anshar Mosque is a mosque located on Jalan Paccinang Raya, Tello Village, Panakkukang District, Makassar City. This mosque has a unique and attractive architectural design. The shape of the facade has one corner that resembles the shape of the Ka'bah complete with Hajar Aswad. The results of the research from the pre-iconographic description stage obtained primary meanings which showed that the architecture and interior of the Al Fatih al-Masjid Mosque had the characteristics of worship activities in the Islamic religion. The iconographic analysis stage obtained secondary meanings which showed that the concept used was a universe that showed the greatness of Allah SWT. The stage of iconological interpretation obtained symbolically meaning is the form of Ka'bah which is the direction of Muslims.Keywords: Iconologis; Architecture; interior; Mosque.
Seni Hias Bangunan Bersejarah Masjid Lompoe Urwatul Wudska Maros
Authors: Alfirah Nunung Dewi , Rasyid Fadilah Aliyah , Wasilah Wasilah
Published: February 2023

Abstrak_ Berbagai situs bersejarah bangunan masjid peninggalan perkembangan awal budaya Islam di Maros mengindikasikan adanya seni hias. Salah satu peninggalan tersebut adalah Masjid Lompoe Urwatul Wudska. Penelitian ini membahas perwujudan estetis keragaman seni hias (ornamen) masjid bersejarah tersebut melalui pendekatan ikonografi untuk mengetahui makna dari perwujudan estetis keragaman seni hias (ornamen) masjid Lompoe Urwatul Wudska. Hasil dari penelitian ini, seni hias(ornamen) yang terdapat pada Masjid Lompoe Urwatul Wudska berada pada bagian pintu, mimbar, bedug, dan kolom. Dimana setiap seni hias (ornamen) ini menyimpan nilai-nilai budaya dan berbagai makna yang membedakannya dengan masjid yang lain. Adapun makna ornamen tersebut sebagai berikut: (1) pintu yang memiliki ornament kaligrafi 20 doa suci yang dimaknakan sebagai simbol doa untuk masuk ke pintu ka`bah yang berada di tanah suci, (2) mimbar yang memiliki nenas yang dimaknakan sebagai filosofi kehidupan dan keagamaan, (3) bedug yang memiliki ornamen dibagian penopang bedug diartikan bahwa bedug ini berasal dari Sulawesi Selatan dengan ciri khas ukiran ornamen suku bugis-makassar, (4) kolom yang dimaknakan sebagai jumlah sahabat nabi yaitu empat, (5) railing pembatas teras masjid yang menggunakan ornamen klasik yang banyak terdapat di rumah tradisional di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Seni Hias; Ornamen; Masjid Lompoe Urwatul Wudska; Ikonografi
Correlation between NLR and Ferritin in COVID-19 Patients in ICU Dr. Kariadi Hospital
Authors: Monica Monica , Wulanjani Herniah Asti
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes mellitus and heart disease comorbid have high morbidity and mortality. Increased neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ferritin assist early screening of disease severity, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Proving relationship between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. The study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach from July-October 2020 at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Records Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Pearson correlation method significance p<0.05, r 0.3<r<0.5, because normal normality. NLR and Ferritin mean value was 13.91  and 1675  with positive relationship correlation analysis (p=0.012,r=0.437),there was a correlation between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. Increased NLR of COVID-19 patients due to infiltration of the innate and adaptive immune system in infected tissue,causes decreased circulating lymphocytes and disturbed proliferation caused by increased ferritin as an acute phase reactant protein. The study by Pastora JG,et al,2020,that serum ferritin concentrations were higher in non-survivor. In accordance with this, this increases NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 in the ICU. There is a moderate positive correlation between NLR and ferritin in COVID-19 patients at the ICU, Dr. Kariadi Hospital.
Abnormal Complex Karyotyping in A Patient Suspected of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML-M5): A Case Study
Authors: Purbosari Purbosari , Sukorini Usi , Satria Rahmat Dani , Ratnaningsih Tri , Setyawati Setyawati
Published: February 2023

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition of immune dysregulation characterized by severe organ damage induced by a hyperinflammatory response and uncontrolled T-cell and macrophage activation. Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) may be prone to develop HLH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome in AMLpatients with an abnormal complex karyotyping can worsen the patients' prognosis and outcome. A 47-year-old-female presented with prolonged fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, productive cough, and anemia (blood transfusion (+)). Laboratory findings: hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL, WBC 151.99x103/Î¼L, and platelet count 28x103/Î¼L, peripheral blood 13% blast like cells, 19% promonocytes, 43% atypical (bizarre) monocytes, 25% neutrophils. Levels of CRP>150 mg/L and procalcitonin 82.67 ng/mL, negative HBsAg, and positive IGRA test. Bone marrow morphology showed hypercellularity, decreased thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis, increased granulopoiesis, macrophages, and hemophagocytosis. Karyotyping results: abnormal karyotypes: 46: XX (9 cells), 44: X (-18), 45: XX (-4), 45: XX (+7, -2, -16), 46: XX (chtb (3), chtb (4), chtb (5), chtb (9), chtb (12), chtb (22)), 46: XX (chtb (5), chtb (7)), 46: XX (chtb (6), chtb (12)), 46: XX (dic 2), 46: XX (chtb (1) (q12), chtb (3) (p21)), 46: XX (chtb (X) (q25) ), 46: XX (der (9), dic (9)), t (9:22)), 46: XX ((+ 21), (-13) chtb (2), p (23), t ( 9:22)). The conclusion was abnormal complex karyotyping. High concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma) secreted by malignant cells and increased phagocytic function of leukemic cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of HLH. Monocytic components (subtypes AML4 and AML5 of the FAB classification) are predisposing factors in cases of AML-related HLH. Cytogenetic abnormalities involving 8p11 and 16p13 are more common in AML-related HLH. Complex genetic abnormalities exacerbate the prognosis of AML, especially in treatment failure. A concluded that was diagnosed with HLH due to AML-M5 with genetic abnormalities of BCR ABL (+), monosomy, trisomy, and multiple chromatid breakage with high mortality. Karyotyping examination is important to determine the prognosis of the disease.
Analysis of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Rapa' Yunita , Kurniawan Liong Boy , Nurulita Asvin , Mangarengi Fitriani
Published: February 2023

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a small protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa, belongs to the lipocalin protein family and functions as a growth factor and differentiation of various cell types such as renal tubular epithelial cells. This aim of study was to determine the level of NGAL in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. This study was a cross sectional study involving 70 type 2 DM patients with 30 patients with controlled type 2 DM and 40 uncontrolled type 2 DM groups. HbA1c, urea, creatinine, and urinalysis data were measured. NGAL level was measured using the ELISA method. The statistical tests used were Chi-Square, unpaired T test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test. The test result is significant if the p-value <0.05. NGAL normally found in the circulation will be filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubule. Increased levels of NGAL can be found 2-6 hours in the blood and urine after injury to the kidneys. Excretion of NGAL in blood occurs when there is damage to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled groups of type 2 DM patients. Positive correlation indicates that the higher the HbA1c and creatinine levels, the higher the NGAL level. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled type 2 DM groups (25.09 ± 6.83 vs 112.54 ± 170.38 ng / mL, with p value <0.001). There was a positive correlation between NGAL and HbA1c levels with p value <0.001, r =0.507 and creatinine levels with p value <0.001, r =0.769. NGAL normally found in the circulation will be filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubule. Increased levels of NGAL can be found 2-6 hours in the blood and urine after injury to the kidneys. Excretion of NGAL in blood occurs when there is damage to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule of the kidney. There was a significant difference in NGAL levels in the controlled and uncontrolled groups of type 2 DM patients. Positive correlation indicates that the higher the HbA1c and creatinine levels, the higher the NGAL level.
Diagnostic Performance of NLR, Type IV Collagen and Fibrosis Score in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Arsana WA. , Sidharta BRA. , Kurniati A. , Suparyatmo JB. , Pramudianti MID.
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection cause damage to the liver parenchym and continuous injury resulting in liver fibrosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a non-invasive marker of inflammation. Type IV collagen is a direct marker of hepatic fibrosis indicating transformation of the extracellular matrix of the liver, and its concentration is proportional to the degree of damaged liver cells and impaired liver function. APRI score and FIB-4 index are non-invasive methods for determining the degree of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the performance of the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, type IV collagen and fibrosis score on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. The study design was analytical observational with cross-sectional approach. The subjects included 42 chronic hepatitis B patients who admitted to Internal Medicine Department of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from September to November 2020. The subject were grouped into fibrosis 21(50%) and non fibrosis groups 21(50%) based on transient elastography. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, type IV collagen and fibrosis score cut off point was determined with receiver operating curve (ROC) and diagnostic test was performed with 2x2 table. The cut-off point of 1.89 from the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio obtained sensitivity 61.9% and specificity of 38.1% with an AUC value of 0.524, while type IV collagen with a cut off point of 18.32 ng/mL obtained sensitivity 80.9% and specificity of 42.6% with an AUC of 0.642, a cut off 0.25 from the APRI score obtained a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 61.9% with an AUC of 0.857, and cut-off FIB-4 of 0.68 obtained a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 71.4 with AUC of 0.827. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio with cutoff point of 1.89 has a weak diagnostic value on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Further study by comparing or combining with other markers are needed. Type IV collagen with a cut off of 18.32 ng/mL, APRI score with a cut off of 0.25 and a FIB-4 index with a cut off of 0.68 can be used for screening liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients
Implementation of Six Sigma in Glucose POCT Quality Control at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital
Authors: Oktaviani Susi , Fuadi M. Robiul
Published: February 2023

Point of Care Testing (POCT) is important for the examination of critically ill patients in the emergency room and intensive care unit. The evaluation of the analytic quality of POCT is needed to ensure the quality of patient care at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the analytical quality of POCT at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital. This was an observational analytical study that was done at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in July 2017. Point of care testing quality analysis was based on 20 within run Internal Quality Control (IQC). Internal quality control data was used to calculate the mean, SD, and CV%. CV% was calculated with the following equation "CV%=(SD í— 100)/mean". Bias % = [ control mean – control true value]/control true value x 100. The sigma value was obtained from Total Error Allowance (TEa) – Bias/CV. TEa in this study was based on ISO 15197:2003. The results of the glucose examination (58 samples) from Dimension EXL 1, 2, 3 (hexokinase method) compared with 7 glucose POCT (glucose oxidase:i-STAT Nova Biomedical method). The correlation was calculated with Spearman statistical analysis using the SPSS version 23.0. the mean CV of seven POCTs=3.5% (1.7%-5%), mean bias of seven POCT=7.75% (4.8%-12.5%), the mean six sigma of 7 POCT=6.77 (4.0–11.6). The best POCT with a six sigma value of > 6 was glucometer K14_2, Palem 1 and GRIU. The glucometer with the lowest six sigma values but still had good quality control were K14_1 and ROI. All glucometers had a good correlation with r value > 0.8 (p=0.000). Glucose POCT in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital all had good quality and met world-class standards. Further study using IQC 2 levels is recommended for a better POCT quality evaluation.
Immunogenicity Assessment on Clinical Trials of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Fitriah Munawaroh , Nugraha Jusak
Published: February 2023

Various strategies for dealing with COVID-19 have been carried out since the WHO declared COVID-19 as an international health emergency. One of the preventive strategies is the development of vaccines. Various vaccines have been developed worldwide. As of April 13, 2021, there were 184 vaccine candidates in the pre-clinical phase and 16 vaccine candidates currently in phase III clinical trials using several platforms, such as inactivated viruses, vector viruses, and protein subunits, and mRNA. Clinical trials of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine include a screening test consisting of thorough physical examination and laboratory tests. The safety of clinical trials is evaluated based on laboratory test results referring to the standard toxicity grading scale. Immunogenicity assessment at the stage of clinical trials of vaccines includes assessment of humoral and cellular immunogenicity. The humoral immunogenicity test measures the ability of antibodies to neutralize the virus with the live virus neutralization test, Pseudo Virus Neutralization Test (pVNT), and Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (sVNT) method. The cellular immunogenicity response aims to assess the immune response that leads to the Th1-cell phenotype. The COVID-19 vaccine under development is expected to trigger a helper 1 (Th1) cell response. Th1-producing Interferon-g (IFNg) is formed during acute viral infection, and Th1-type immune response correlates with milder disease. This is one of the considerations in vaccination. Th1-cell phenotype as part of cellular immunogenicity can be evaluated with ELISPOT, interferon-gamma release assay, and flow cytometry using blood samples that have been cultured with the administration of specific SARS-CoV-2 peptides. This literature review aims to study various immunogenicity assessments in the laboratory for clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.
The Correlation between Total Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Sunarya Ahmad Mulyadi , Pramudianti MI. Diah , Hadisuparto Yuwono
Published: February 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with various complications, including osteoporosis. However, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) examination, a gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring osteoporosis, is static. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalysis the hydrolysis of monoester phosphate. Osteocalcin (OC) is a non-collagenic bone protein that binds calcium and phosphate, which are both dynamic bone formation activity markers. This study analyzes the correlation between total ALP and OC serum levels in SLE patients. A cross-sectional observational analytic study was conducted in the Clinical Pathology Installation of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta in June 2020. The subjects were SLE patients receiving Methylprednisolone (MEP) therapy â‰¥1 year. Data distribution normality test by Saphiro-Wilk, comparative analysis with unpaired T-test, degree of correlation strength between research variables by Pearson correlation test. There were 41 female subjects, and comparative analysis of total ALP and serum OC levels were not significantly different in inactive and active SLE (ALP p=0.373, serum OC p=0.700). Total ALP and serum OC was found to have a weak positive correlation in all SLE patients (r=0.337; p=0.031), a moderate positive correlation in active SLE (r=0.426; p=0.043), while in inactive SLE there was no significant correlation (r=0.247; p=0.324). There is a significant moderate positive correlation between total ALP and serum OC in SLE patients. Total ALP and serum OC examinations are necessary for osteoporosis screening in SLE patients with > 1-year glucocorticoid (GC) therapy.
The Effect of Ginseng Extract on Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Fachrurrodji Fachrurrodji , Sidharta B. Rina A. , Ariningrum Dian , Suparyatmo JB. , Pramudianti MI. Diah
Published: February 2023

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the most common cause of death and illness in the world. Increased IL-6 can be used as an early indicator of infection or inflammation. Ginseng is a popular herbal medicine. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ginseng is mediated by its ability to inhibit Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NF-kB), a proinflammatory regulator to initiate the synthesis of cytokines TNF-Î±, IL-1Î², IL-6, and IL-8. Clinical trial research, quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach was carried out on 26 community pneumonia patients who were hospitalized at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta from October 2020 to January 2021 using purposive sampling. The independent variable was Ginseng extract (GinsanaR) at a dose of 2x100 mg and the dependent variable was serum IL-6 levels. Serum IL-6 levels were measured using the Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Mean IL-6 levels in the control group on day 0, day 3, and day 14 were 232,89+156,61 pg/mL, 113,46±83.30 pg/mL and 66.18±66.02 pg/mL, respectively (p=<0.001). Mean IL-6 levels in the treatment group on day 0, day 3, and day 14 were 519,55±609,19 pg/mL, 205.41±329.17 pg/mL and 133,59±291,68 pg/mL, respectively (p=<0.001). Delta IL-6 levels in the control group and the treatment group on day 3 compared to day 0, the mean of the IL-6 control group -119,42±111,70 pg/mL, the mean for the IL-6 treatment group -314,14±532,16 pg/mL; On day 14 compared to day 0, the mean of the IL-6 control group was -166,70±135,54 pg/mL, the mean of the IL-6 treatment group was -385,96±547,10 pg/mL; On day 14 compared to day 3, the mean IL-6 control group was -47.28±47.47, the mean IL-6 control group was -71.82±58.16. The post hoc test (Wilcoxon) obtained a p-value < 0.05, suggesting that Ginseng extract has a significant effect on reducing serum IL-6 serum levels in community pneumonia patients.
Risks of Hemorrhage and Poor Clinical Outcome in SLE with Thrombocytopenia at Dr. Sardjito Hospital
Authors: Kaslam Surawijaya Bakhtiar , Intansari Umi Solekhah
Published: February 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects various body organs and causes chronic inflammation. Thrombocytopenia is common in SLE, and there is a risk of causing bleeding, which can result in death. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of thrombocytopenia with bleeding and poor clinical outcomes in SLE patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. The design of this study was retrospective observational analytic. The research subjects were patients diagnosed with SLE at Dr. Sardjito Hospital from January 2016-December 2019 who conducted ANA and anti-dsDNA examinations. Statistical analysis using MedCalc version 13.0. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the cut-off value of the platelet count for the occurrence of bleeding. Chi-Square for trend test to determine the relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia and the degree of bleeding. Kaplan-Meier test to determine the six months survival analysis for SLE patients. There were 61 SLE patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Thirty-two patients (52.5%) had thrombocytopenia. The AUC of the platelet count for the occurrence of hemorrhage was 0.988 (95% CI=0.918-1, p < 0.0001), the cut-off value was 146x103/L, sensitivity 100%, specificity 90.6%, and LR+ 10.33. The AUC of the platelet count for grade 3 hemorrhage was 0.929 (95% CI=0.833-0.979, p < 0.0001), cut-off value 91x103/L, sensitivity 100%, specificity 89.3%, and LR+ 9.33. Hemorrhage was seen in 29 subjects with thrombocytopenia. Five subjects (8.2%) died, with a significant difference in the mortality of SLE patients with and without thrombocytopenia in the six months survival analysis (p=0.028). The risk of hemorrhage and poor clinical outcome (death) were significantly higher in SLE patients with thrombocytopenia and increased with the thrombocytopenia grade.
Profile of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels in Childhood Malignancy with Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Sianturi Tigor Pandapotan , Wardhani Puspa , Gede Ugrasena I Dewa
Published: February 2023

Infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood malignancy with Febrile Neutropenia (FN). Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Î±) is involved in host defense against bacterial invasion. However, changes in TNF-Î± levels with the possibility of bacterial infection confirmed by blood culture are still unclear. The study aimed to evaluate TNF-Î± levels in childhood malignancy with FN who had blood cultures with a control group. Observational cross-sectional analysis during January-October 2020 at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Childhood malignancy with FN episodes as the case group and nonfebrile neutropenia as the control. TNF-Î± levels examination used plasma with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) sandwich method. Blood culture results were obtained from the patient's medical record. The differences in TNF-Î± levels in the case groups and control were analyzed by the T-square test for two independent samples or Mann-Whitney U according to the data distribution. There were 18 cases group with 30 FN episodes and 15 controls. There were 8(26.66%) positive and 22(73.33%) negative blood cultures from 30 FN episodes. The mean TNF-Î± levels in the positive blood culture cases group and control: 14.72±5.77 and 9.78±2.74 pg/mL, and the median (min-max) negative blood cultures: 12.19 (7.01-25.70) pg/mL. There was no significant difference in TNF-Î± levels in the positive and negative blood culture cases group (p=0.527), but there was a significant difference in the control (p=0.049 and p=0.027). Therefore, TNF-Î± levels cannot be used as a marker of bacterial infection in the case groups.
Performance Comparison of Dymind DH-76 and Sysmex Xn-1000 Automated Hematology Analyzers
Authors: Pusparini Pusparini , Alvina Alvina
Published: February 2023

An automatic hematology analyzer is an essential instrument for the modern laboratory. A new hematology analyzer must undergo comparability testing with a currently used hematology analyzer. This study aimed to compare the performance of the Dymind DH-76 and Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzers. This study involved 96 EDTA blood samples from patients aged 18 to 85 years old at a hospital in Jakarta. A complete blood count was performed on each blood sample using two above-mentioned analyzers Dymind DH-76 and Sysmex XN-1000. The results from both instruments were compared by using the Pearson correlation test and the Passing-Bablok regression analysis to determine the agreement in performance between the two instruments. Between the Dymind DH-76 and Sysmex XN-1000, there was a high degree of agreement and correlation concerning the investigated parameters with r > 0.900 and p<0.001 for the parameters RBC, HGB, WBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, and neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. The MCHC parameter had the values of r=0.797; p=0.0001, while the lymphocytes parameter had r=0.734 and p=0.0001. Only the basophils parameter showed a different result between the two aforementioned analyzers, with r=-0.179 and p=0.102. The majority of complete blood count parameters showed an excellent correlation and a high degree of agreement between the two instruments. The Dymind DH-76 hematology analyzer meets international standards (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards/NCCLS) and can be used for hematological assay in the laboratory.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Comorbidities as Mortality Predictors for COVID-19 Patient at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta
Authors: Greatalya Lawly Arrel Dionnie , Ariningrum Dian , Aryoseto Lukman
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn global attention as its main health issue. The rapid transmission and the diverse degree of severity have caused complicacy in controlling the disease. A hematological lab test has been a standard procedure done during therapy. This study aimed to determine the relation of the hematological parameter as a COVID-19 mortality predictor. The cohort retrospective method was used for this study by observing the medical records of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from May 2020 to June 2021. The observed variables in this study were age, gender, comorbidities, and hematological lab test towards the outcome. The results were then analyzed bivariate and multivariate with SPSS. Out of 161 data, 101 were found alive and 60 deceased. Bivariate analysis showed that age of 50-80 years (RR= 2.246; p=0.029), comorbidities (RR=2.891; p=0.008), leucocyte>9850/µl (RR=2.634; p=0.004), neutrophil percentage >84.25% (RR=4.808; p=0.000), lymphocyte percentage<22% (RR=0.065; p=0.008), and NLR>9.326 (RR=5.031; p=0.000) had a relationship with the outcome. Gender, hemoglobin level, and platelet did not significantly correlate with the patient's outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of comorbidities (RR=2.9326; p=0.012) and NLR >9.326 (RR=5.073; p=0.000) were proven to be a good predictor for mortality of COVID-19 patients. This result can be advantageous for clinicians in predicting the mortality of COVID-19 patients.
Laboratory Diagnostic and Monitoring at Early Stages of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Turbawaty Dewi Kartika , Parwati Ida
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is a new respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and became a pandemic in early 2020. Since the clinical presentation of this viral infection can mimic other types of viral infection (e.g., dengue, influenza, and another respiratory disease), the laboratory approach becomes essential, particularly at the early stages of infection. This case-literature review approach described an outpatient case of a 39-year-old male patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who recovered after 49 days of self-quarantine. Lymphopenia and mild thrombocytopenia can be used as early screening for COVID-19 at the early stages of infection and mainly occur in outpatient settings. Meanwhile, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio (NLCR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Liver Function Test (LFT) can be used for severity prediction and/or follow-up the outcome of the infected patient. Therefore, the integrated clinical-laboratory finding at the early stages of infection is vital to provide better and effective patient management.
The Correlation between RDW, PDW, and NLR with the SOFA Score in Septic Patients
Authors: Nurtadjudin Linda Mayliana Kusumaningrum , Handayani Irda , Abdullah Agus Alim , Arif Mansyur
Published: February 2023

Sepsis is one of the main causes of mortality in the intensive care unit. The SOFA score is used to assess organ dysfunction. There are several markers of sepsis such as the combination of RDW, PDW, and NLR to help predict the outcome of sepsis. To determine the role of RDW, PDW, and NLR associated with SOFA scores as prognostic markers in sepsis. A retrospective study with a cross-sectional approach has been conducted using secondary data from the medical records of sepsis patients from January 2018 to December 31, 2020, who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The sample size was 109 people consisting of 62 (56.9%) males and 47 (43.1%) females. The highest age range is 56–65 years (37.6%). A total of 97 people (89%) died and 12 (11%) improved. There is a positive correlation between changes in RDW and changes in SOFA scores (p=0.031), there is a positive correlation between changes in PDW and changes in SOFA scores (p=0.000), and there is a positive correlation between changes in NLR and changes in SOFA scores (p=0.000). The increase of RDW caused by systemic inflammation can predict disease progression. The state of increased proinflammatory cytokines inhibits the proliferation and maturation of erythrocytes; hence, it causes an increase in RDW. The acceleration of platelet destruction due to the suppression of cytokines in the bone marrow increases PDW. The increase in NLR occurs due to the rise in the inflammatory response, which results in suppressed cellular immunity. RDW, PDW, and NLR are positively correlated with changes in SOFA scores. PDW and NLR have a significant correlation with the outcome. RDW, PDW, and NLR can be used as prognostic markers in septic patients
Correlation of Mean Platelet Volume with D-dimer in Patients with COVID-2019
Authors: Sari Agri Febria , Rikarni Rikarni , Desywar Desywar
Published: February 2023

SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors and causes endothelial injury. Endothelial injury causes the release of tissue factors and triggers the activation of the coagulation cascade, which is characterized by an increase in D-dimer levels. The increase in D-dimer levels reflects the activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial injury leads to platelet adhesion and aggregation. Mean platelet volume is a low-cost, routinely performed parameter available in hematology analyzers at various health facilities. This study aimed to determine the correlation between MPV and D-dimer in COVID-19 patients. This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 88 subjects aged 18-50 years from COVID-19 patients who were admitted at Dr. M. Djamil Central Hospital in May-September 2021. Mean platelet volume levels were measured using the impedance method and D-dimer levels using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, significant if p<0.05. The mean age was 33.47 years, range of 18-50 years. Most of the subjects were female, 53 people (62.4%). The mean MPV level was 10.36 (0.87) fL. The mean D-dimer levels were 728.51 (500.99) ng/mL. Correlation analysis showed that mean platelet volume had a weak positive correlation with D-dimer (r=0.269, p=0.013). This study showed an increase in MPV and D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients. There is a weak correlation between MPV and D-dimer in COVID-19 patients.
Analysis of NLR, HDL, and Hs-Troponin I as A Diagnostic Marker in STEMI and NSTEMI Patients
Authors: Selanno Yunianingsih , ER Darmawaty , Wibawa Sulina Yanti , Abdullah Agus Alim
Published: February 2023

The limitations of health facilities in diagnosing AMI, especially in remote areas require an easy and inexpensive examination such as Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), which have a positive correlation with hs-Troponin I. The purpose of this study was to analyze the value of NLR, HDL, and hs-Troponin I as diagnostic markers in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. This retrospective study used medical record data for 152 STEMI patients and 93 NSTEMI patients from January to December 2020 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. The NLR value was based on the results of routine blood tests using Sysmex XN-10, the results of HDL examinations using the Bio Majesty JCA-BM9010/c instrument, and the results of the hs-Troponin I examination using the Vidas instrument. Statistical tests using the MannWhitney test, the diagnostic value of NLR, and hs-Troponin I was analyzed by ROC to obtain the cut-off. The test result is significant if p <0.05. The sample consisted of 152 samples of STEMI patients and 93 NSTEMI patients. The NLR value in STEMI patients was significantly different from NSTEMI patients (p <0.001), HDL levels were not significantly different in STEMI and NSTEMI patients (p=0.475), while hs-Troponin I levels were significantly higher in STEMI patients than NSTEMI (p <0.001). The ROC curve showed the sensitivity and specificity of NLR, namely 64% and 70% at the cut-off of 4.32, and the sensitivity and specificity of hs-Troponin I was 78% and 60% at the cut-off of 910.5 ng /L. The NLR and hs-Troponin I values was increased in STEMI patients compared to NSTEMI due to the increased inflammatory response and the higher risk of damage to the myocardium. The coordinates of the NLR ROC curve show a cut-off of 4.32 and hs-Troponin I 910.5 ng/L provides optimal sensitivity and specificity. The conclusion of this study is NLR and hs-Troponin I can be used as diagnostic markers in STEMI and NTEMI patients with a cut-off value of NLR 4.32 and hs-Troponin I 910.5 ng/L.
Survival Study of D-dimer, Lactic Acid and BGA on COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sujalmo Purwadi , Purwanto Rosita Yunanda , Rahardjo Clarista Ardelia , Pratama Yanasta Yudo , Rismawanti Rochmi Isnaini , Lalitya Wandira , Fachrudin Afridhia Bidari
Published: February 2023

The value of D-dimer value, lactic acid levels, and the results of blood gas analysis (PaO2, PCO2, PH, and PaO2/FiO2) are prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients, although there is no agreement on the optimum cut-off point for specificity and sensitivity. The aim of this study is to examine D-dimer value, lactic acid levels, and the results of blood gas analysis as a prognosis for patients with severe or critical COVID-19. This was a retrospective study of the medical records of the UGM Academic Hospital. Overall survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Determination of the cut-off for D-dimer, lactic acid, and BGA variables was carried out using the ROC followed by calculating the Youden index. Then the hazard ratio was determined by Cox regression. The cut-off value to determine the group of patients on the D-dimer and lactic acid variable was 881 ng/mL (sensitivity 77.23%, specificity 32.31%) (p=0.040) and 21 ng/mL, patients with lactic acid values above the cut-off had a higher risk of death (p=0.391). The cut-off of pH, PaO2, and PaCO2 were 7.43, 72.2 mmHg, and 33.9, respectively. D-dimer levels, lactic acid, and PaCO2 values in blood gas analysis above the cut-off value had a worse survival rate, while patients also had a worse survival rate if the PaO2 and PH values were below the cut-off value.
Kualitas Fisik Pelet Ransum Kelinci yang Mengandung Berbagai Tingkat Trichanthera gigantea
Authors: Alawiyah Annisa Nur , Supratman Rd. Hery , Mansyur -
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Trichanthera gigantea terhadap kualitas fisik pelet ransum kelinci. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian terdiri dari 4 macam perlakuan yaitu P0, P1, P2, dan P3 (0%, 10%, 20% dan 30% Trichanthera gigantea dalam ransum) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Kualitas fisik yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini yaitu densitas, berat jenis, dan durabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh penggunaan Trichanthera gigantea menunjukkan hasil yang perpengaruh nyata terhadap densitas namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat jenis dan durabilitas. Densitas pelet terbaik diperoleh pelet ransum yang mengandung 30% Trichanthera gigantea (605,69 kg/m3). 

Kata kunci: Trichanthera gigantea, pelet kelinci, kualitas fisik
Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) sebagai Feed Additive Alami terhadap Produksi Telur Ternak Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Ferdiansyah Dhimas Teta , Noferdiman - , Sestilawarti -
Published: February 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung kemangi dalam ransum terhadap produksi telur dan konversi ransum pada ternak puyuh. Alat yang digunakan yaitu tempat minum, tempat pakan dan 20 unit kandang. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan puyuh betina berumur 21 hari sebanyak 200 ekor, bahan pakan yang digunakan adalah jagung, tepung ikan, dedak halus, bungkil kedelai, bungkil kelapa, minyak kelapa, CaCo3, topmix dan tepung kemangi. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah penambahan tepung kemangi dalam ransum meliputi: P0 (0% kemangi), P1 (1% kemangi), P2 (2% kemangi), dan P3 (3% kemangi). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati merupakan konsumsi ransum, produksi telur, bobot telur, massa telur, dan konversi ransum. Data yang terhimpun dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kemangi dalam ransum sampai taraf 3% tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi ransum, produksi telur, bobot telur, massa telur dan konversi ransum. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penambahan tepung kemangi sampai taraf 3% tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi telur ternak puyuh. 

Kata kunci: kemangi, puyuh, produksi