bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protected Area Versus People Conflict and a Co-Management Programme: A Case Study from the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh
Authors: Raihan Sarker A. H. M. , Hossen Amir , Suza Ma , Roskaft Eivin
Published: May 2017

Conflicts over the conservation of natural resources at the community level occur in different forms and at various levels of severity. These conflicts can be defined as situations in which the allocation, management or use of natural resources results in attacks on human rights or denial of access to natural resources to an extent that considerably diminishes human welfare. However, the conflict between the authorities of the Dhudpukuria-Dhopachari Wildlife Sanctuary (DDWS) and local people over wildlife conservation is one of the most serious conservation issues in Chittagong region of Bangladesh. The DDWS is managed under a co-management programme, but there are many questions that have already been asked about the success of co-management in the study area. A total of 195 standardized, structured and semi-structured questionnaires were administered randomly to villagers. The majority of respondents reported that they did not receive any potential benefit from the DDWS, and almost one-third of respondents reported that they had problems with the DDWS. Almost all respondents reported that they were unable to control the damage caused by wildlife. More than 80% of respondents reported that the co-management approach was not effective in mitigating conflict between people and protected areas. More than 45% of the participants in co-management program reported greater effectiveness of the co-management approach than non-participants. Moreover, the respondents who received more benefits from the Protected Areas (PA) reported more effectiveness of the co-management approach than those who received less or no benefits from the protected area. Integration of local knowledge and preferences into the co-management process will ensure the sustainability of the co-management programme by minimizing the conflict between people and protected areas.
Motor Using Mechanical Vibration of Multiple Bimorph Beams
Authors: Yaguchi Hiroyuki
Published: May 2017

The present paper proposes a non-magnetic motor with a rotor rotated by the mechanical resonance energy of four bimorph cantilever beams excited by an electrostatic force. The use of a flexible material such as silicon rubber enables conversion of translational vibration to rotary movement in one direction. The rotational speed of the proposed motor increases in proportion to the input voltage when two bimorph beams are used, and the maximum rotational speed was found to be 6,804 rpm when the input voltage was set to 24.6 V. Next, the basic characteristics of a prototype motor with four bimorph cantilever beams, including rotational speed, output torque, and efficiency, were determined experimentally. The experimental results revealed that a maximum rotational speed of 6,370 rpm was obtained when the output torque was 19.6 uNm. The proposed motor was also observed to produce an output torque of 63.7 uNm when the rotational speed was 1,491 rpm. The maximum efficiency was 6.2% when the input power was 0.3 W. For the proposed motor, the volume and weight were reduced by approximately 35%, as compared with a motor from a previous study.
Vignette research on messy and confusing problems in primary mental healthcare
Authors: Smit E. H. (Dineke) , Derksen J. J. L. (Jan)
Published: May 2017

The average primary care psychologist feels an ever-widening gap between objective, measurable reality as described and the complex and dynamic reality they experience. To obtain a better understanding of this complex dynamic reality, we conducted an exploratory mixed-method study of primary care psychologists. We asked our participants to write vignettes about messy and confusing problems in the complex context of mental healthcare. We then examined the data in portions, exposed the patterns in the data, and subsequently analysed all in conjunction. The 113 vignettes showed experiences of psychologists dealing not only with the patient, but also with the family of the patient and/or employers, working together with other healthcare professionals, struggling with dilemmas and having mixed feelings. However, using the Cynafin Framework, 36% of the vignettes were still rated as simple. Was it because those vignettes contained fewer words (p = .006)? Or because it is difficult to grasp complexity when cause and effect are intertwined with emotions, norms and values? In the discussion, we suggest examining a complex dynamic system in terms of both the consistency of its various elements and the dynamics of the system. We also discuss how to optimize the system’s adaptive self-organizing ability and how to challenge ourselves to invent negative feedback loops that can keep the complex system in equilibrium.
Using a computer simulation to improve psychological readiness for job interviewing in unemployed individuals of pre-retirement age
Authors: Aysina Rimma M. , Efremova Galina I. , Maksimenko Zhanna A. , Nikiforov Mikhail V.
Published: May 2017

Unemployed individuals of pre-retirement age face significant challenges in finding a new job. This may be partly due to their lack of psychological readiness to go through a job interview. We view psychological readiness as one of the psychological attitude components. It is an active conscious readiness to interact with a certain aspect of reality, based on previously acquired experience. It includes a persons’ special competence to manage their activities and cope with anxiety. We created Job Interview Simulation Training (JIST) – a computer-based simulator, which allowed unemployed job seekers to practice interviewing repeatedly in a stress-free environment. We hypothesized that completion of JIST would be related to increase in pre-retirement job seekers’ psychological readiness for job interviewing in real life. Participants were randomized into control (n = 18) and experimental (n = 21) conditions. Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention job interview role-plays and self-reporting forms of psychological readiness for job interviewing. JIST consisted of 5 sessions of a simulated job interview, and the experimental group found it easy to use and navigate as well as helpful to prepare for interviewing. After finishing JIST-sessions the experimental group had significant decrease in heart rate during the post-intervention role-play and demonstrated significant increase in their self-rated psychological readiness, whereas the control group did not have changes in these variables. Future research may help clarify whether JIST is related to an increase in re-employment of pre-retirement job seekers.
Relationships between career indecision, search for work self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in Italian never-employed young adults
Authors: Viola Maria Maddalena , Musso Pasquale , Ingoglia Sonia , Lo Coco Alida , Inguglia Cristiano
Published: May 2017

Although different studies have investigated career choices as cognitive acts of decision-making, non-cognitive components also play an important role. The study tries to develop an empirically based model of career decision-making process linking cognitive (search for work self-efficacy - SWSE) and non-cognitive (psychological well-being - PWB) components. In particular, the study investigates, among 148 never-employed Italian young adults, to what extent the relationship between SWSE and career indecision in terms of lack of readiness (LoR) can be explained by their common relationship with PWB. Results highlighted that SWSE is negatively associated with LoR when considered in absence of PWB. However, when PWB was included in one comprehensive model, it was positively associated with SWSE and negatively related to LoR. Moreover, the presence of PWB nullified the negative association between SWSE and LoR, meaning that PWB shares a large extent of variance with these variables. Implications are discussed in the light of theoretical expectations and limitations.
Um inventário histórico de estórias inventadas
Authors: Gianelli Carlos Gregório dos Santos
Published: May 2017

FAGUNDES, Bruno Flávio Lontra. As estórias a favor da História: as Efemérides Mineiras, de José Pedro Xavier da Veiga. Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço, 2014.
Significado e interpretação na História das Ideias
Authors: Skinner Quentin
Published: May 2017

Tradução do Capítulo 4 da obra:SKINNER, Quentin. Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas. In: SKINNER, Quentin. Visions of Politics. Londres: Cambridge University Press, 2001, vol. I, cap. 4, p. 57-89. Tradutor:Marcus Vinícius BarbosaMestre em História pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Atualmente é estudante de doutorado em Espanhol na University of Nebraska-Lincoln.markinhuspc@gmail.com
Prediction of Gas Concentration Based on the Opposite Degree Algorithm
Authors: Yue Xiao-Guang , McAleer Michael
Published: May 2017

In order to study the dynamic changes in gas concentration, to reduce gas hazards, and to protect and improve mining safety, a new method is proposed to predict gas concentration, based on the opposite degree algorithm. A priori and a posteriori values, opposite degree computation, opposite space, prior matrix, and posterior matrix are 6 basic concepts of the opposite degree algorithm. Several opposite degree numerical formulae to calculate the opposite degrees between gas concentration data and gas concentration data trends can be used to predict empirical results. The opposite degree numerical computation (OD-NC) algorithm has greater accuracy than several common prediction methods, such as RBF (Radial Basis Function) and GRNN (General Regression Neural Network). The prediction mean relative errors of RBF, GRNN and OD-NC are 7.812%, 5.674% and 3.284%, respectively. The simulation experiments show that the OD-NC algorithm is feasible and effective in practice.
Chinese Economy in 2050 - The Key Challenges on the way to Grow
Authors: Rubaj Piotr
Published: May 2017

China attracts people with its geographic and economic diversity, an impressive heritage of over three thousand years old civilisation and the size of population which creates different opportunities for business. Understanding past and current reality of this country seems to be difficult as its economic and political system is somewhere in between bureaucratic and authoritarian one-party state and market orientated modern economy. The State centre within last three decades became one of the most important players in the world on political, economic and military scenes. It has the largest population, the most numerous army, nuclear weapons, large surplus in foreign trade balance, central bank reserves amounting 3,5 trillion USD and its national currency named yuan, which already has become a part of SDR. Nowadays China is on the way to become the world largest economy with independent impact on global political and economic affairs.This country is also facing a list of problems, which seem to be very serious and which will be challenging authorities and society in coming years and decades. One of the most important is necessity to strength environmental regulations to improve quality of life and to decrease the level of destruction of nature, secondly to support human capital to facilitate transition to higher value-added economy, it means to increase internal consumption and the third to boost rural development, which is slow, ineffective and it creates significant differences in individual incomes between urban and country regions. The speed of economic growth seems to be essential for business, stock exchanges and foreign investors and therefore questions concerning the barriers on the road to grow seem to be essential for coming years. This article is a trial to indicate these key challenges and threats for China on the way to grow.
Changes in Inflation Persistence Prior and Subsequent to the Subprime Crisis: What are the Implications for South Africa?
Authors: Phiri Andrew
Published: May 2017

The appropriateness of the inflation targeting regime as a policy framework for the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) continues to be a furiously debated topic for both academics and policymakers alike. In this study, we approach this debate by examining whether there have been any changes in the persistence of the inflation process for periods prior and subsequent to the global financial crisis. By effect, our study attempts to answer the question of whether inflation targets have been successful in controlling inflation rates in the face of unanticipated financial crisis. Indeed, our empirical results indicate that persistence in the inflation process has decreased in periods subsequent to the subprime crisis, and yet this has been accompanied by decreases in economic growth and unchanged high levels of unemployment. Our study ultimately suggests that given the current status of the economy, inflation may be required to be lowered to close-to-zero levels which will have to be accompanied with higher levels of economic growth, separate macroeconomic policies which specifically target unemployment and a change in domestic real interest rates.
FROM THE EDITORS
Authors: Salameh Franck
Published: May 2017

A peer-reviewed electronic journal, The Levantine Review publishes scholarship (in English, French, Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish, Syriac, and Levantine vernaculars) on the history, cultures, religions, politics, and the intellectual, philological, and literary traditions of the contemporary Levant and Near East.
ISRAEL: FINDING THE LEVANT WITHIN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Harris Rachel S.
Published: May 2017

Reviews of:Alexandra Nocke. The Place of the Mediterranean in Modern Israeli Identity. Brill 2010, Cloth $70. ISBN 9789004173248 Amy Horowitz. Mediterranean Israeli Music and the Politics of the Aesthetic.  Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2010. Paper $29.95. ISBN 9780814334652. Karen Grumberg. Place and Ideology in Contemporary Hebrew Literature. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 9780815632597.
RELIGION, NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND CONFESSIONAL POLITICS IN LEBANON; THE CHALLENGE OF ISLAMISM.
Authors: Salameh Franck
Published: May 2017

Review of:Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics in Lebanon; The Challenge of Islamism. By Robert G. Rabil. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, 213 pp.  $85.00
THE SPRING OF THE NETWORKED NATIONS: SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE ARAB SPRING
Authors: Chorev Harel
Published: May 2017

This essay argues that social media played an important role in the Arab Spring and contributed to a change in the political culture of some of those countries that have gone through regime-change through 2011-2012. The article further posits that the contribution of social media was mainly instrumental, not causal, and that the main reasons behind the Arab Spring were problems generated by regional, local and global trends, affecting each country differently.
SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORIC AND CURRENT ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM COMMUNITIES
Authors: DeVille Adam A.J.
Published: May 2017

Drawing on, but expanding and altering mutatis mutandis some principles enunciated by the greatest Byzantine liturgical historian writing today, Robert F. Taft (emeritus of the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome), this paper will propose some methodological considerations for the study of the encounters and relations between Eastern Christian and Muslim communities from the seventh century to the present day.
MUHAMMAD AND THE JEWS ACCORDING TO IBN ISHAQ
Authors: Spoerl Joseph
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in the Muslim world, shedding light on one component of the Islamic tradition, namely, the earliest extant biography of the Prophet Muhammad, the Sirat Rasul Allah, or The Life of the Prophet of God by Ibn Ishaq (d.767 CE.)
LEBANON AFTER THE CEDAR REVOLUTION/ARE KNUDSEN AND MICHAEL KERR (eds); LEBANON: A HISTORY, 600--2011/by WILLIAM HARRIS
Authors: Salameh Franck
Published: May 2017

LEBANON AFTER THE CEDAR REVOLUTION, ARE KNUDSEN AND MICHAEL KERR (eds); London: C. Hurst & Company, 2012. 323 pp. $29.95.LEBANON: A HISTORY, 600--2011, WILLIAM HARRIS; Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 360 pp. $34.95.
Virtual (music) exhibits as critical spaces of community engagement
Authors: Ostashewski Marcia , Favaro Eric , Rosenblum Ely , Nalepa Patricia , Zoric Jana , Vukobratovic Jelka
Published: May 2017

A great many Central and Eastern Europeans were among the laborers who immigrated to work in Cape Breton mines and steel mills in the 19thand early 20thcenturies. Despite their continuing contribution to the region, Cape Bretoners of Eastern and Central European descent have been overshadowed in public memory and scholarship by the island’s more familiar Scottish and Acadian communities. This article addresses a project through which an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars living locally in Cape Breton and abroad, as well as numerous local community partners, aimed address this lacuna. The participants’ concrete objective was the production of a web portal –diversitycapebreton.ca– that opens up onto reams of curated digital material. These digital media complement the project’s program of public outreach. This article focuses on ways in which this digital curation project served (and continues to serve) as a space for the continual collaborative re-creation of communities and histories.
De l’art à la barre ?
Authors: Provencher Guillaume
Published: May 2017

L’avocat a une responsabilité et une fonction sociale essentielle. Il travaille à faire le bien et à maintenir la paix au sein du groupe. Il reconnaît mieux que d’autres les malaises et les situations injustes dans la société, en plus d’avoir concrètement la possibilité d’agir sur eux en les exposant publiquement au tribunal. L’avocat est un acteur social et la salle de cour constitue la scène sur laquelle il est appelé à se produire juridiquement. Sa performance personnalisée et prophétique s’apparente grandement à celle d’un comédien au théâtre. Affirmer ainsi qu’il peut y avoir effectivement de l’art à la barre, identifier l’avocat à un artiste ou encore assimiler la performance d’un procureur lors d’un procès à une prestation artistique permet de mieux comprendre l’importance du rôle de l’avocat dans la société. L’artiste, tout comme l’avocat, assure une communication entre les individus. Tous les deux sont libres et créatifs. Ils s’adressent à tout le monde et parlent pour tous et au nom de tous. Ils se font tribuns. Ils disent tout haut ce qui ne doit pas rester silencieux. Artiste et juriste se ressemblent et ont en commun bien plus que le même suffixe.
L’architecture d’Auschwitz, le droit et l’art
Authors: Bélanger André , Bordeleau Anne
Published: May 2017

Dans l’optique de lier un discours théorique entre le droit, l’architecture et l’art, les auteurs centrent leur analyse sur la notion d’artéfact social, c’est-à-dire la création de l’être humain déterminée par son environnement sociétal. L’accent est mis sur trois éléments principaux de nature à la fois juridique, architecturale et artistique : premièrement, la question du dicible et de l’indicible par rapport à ce qui peut être « admis » sur le plan tant juridique qu’historique ; deuxièmement, l’opposition entre ce qui témoigne (au présent) et ce qui laisse une forme de trace (du passé) ; troisièmement, l’opposition entre présence et absence par rapport au tangible, immédiatement vérifiable, ou par rapport à ce qui est absent, mais dont nous devons admettre l’existence passée. Pour exemplifier ces trois éléments, une installation artistique élaborée à la suite d’une affaire juridique d’importance et intitulée The Evidence Room est présentée. Cette oeuvre réunit des moulages en plâtre de documents qui ont fait l’objet d’une expertise légale dans le contexte de l’affaire Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstadt et qui fournissent la preuve tangible que le camp de concentration Auschwitz a été conçu par des architectes comme système efficace d’extermination massive. L’analyse de cette oeuvre met en avant la proposition selon laquelle l’art permet de rendre visible la souffrance invisible ou de dire l’indicible, qui, autrement, peuvent demeurer dans l’ombre tant du droit que de l’architecture.
Law and Art in China : Domination and Resistance
Authors: Potter Pitman B.
Published: May 2017

The relationship between law and art in contemporary China reveals tensions between dynamics of domination and resistance. On the one hand, law plays a control function in the recognition and protection of private and public property, and in the enforcement of regime interests in controlling expression. By delineating the terms and processes for protecting ownership and conservation of art, China’s legal regime formalizes the scope and boundaries — the very identity — of the art being protected. Law’s domination is also evident in its function to restrict artistic expression. Law in China has long been used to prevent and punish artistic expression with which the ruling regime disagrees. Juxtaposed to the formal domination by law over identity and content, is art’s potential to offer critical insight on China’s legal system. Through this dynamic of resistance, art in China offers perspectives through which to interrogate particular elements of the PRC legal system. This paper will examine these dimensions of art and law in China.
Les juristes des années 30 et la question des droits du réalisateur d’oeuvres cinématographiques : une approche juridico-historique, à travers l’exemple de l’« affaire » de La croisière jaune (1931-1934)
Authors: Moine-Dupuis Isabelle , Marinone Isabelle
Published: May 2017

La question de la paternité des oeuvres cinématographiques a été souvent débattue au cours des années 30. Elle fournit aujourd’hui encore au juriste et à l’historien de l’art une illustration particulièrement intéressante de la difficulté pour le droit d’appréhender ce qui fait l’essence d’une expression artistique spécifique, comme le cinéma, et en conséquence d’en déterminer les auteurs. Avant la loi de 1957, qui a reconnu la paternité du metteur en scène, la tendance jurisprudentielle était nettement en faveur de la thèse du producteur comme auteur ou coauteur du film. Les raisons à cet état des choses sont diverses, la principale étant la place centrale du producteur dans l’« entreprise » cinématographique (plus visible que ce qui en constitue, à notre avis, le coeur, à savoir le style ou le langage), ainsi que dans les litiges engendrés par l’exploitation des films. Néanmoins, un nombre conséquent d’ouvrages écrits durant la période 1927-1935 montre une réelle curiosité pour ce qu’est l’art cinématographique, et un début d’intérêt pour cet encore méconnu, le metteur en scène. Souvent lié par un contrat d’entreprise au producteur, qui le désigne comme simple exécutant, le metteur en scène doit faire preuve d’une opiniâtreté particulière pour parvenir à se faire reconnaître comme artiste. Cet état de fait, rendant très fragile la situation d’une personne qui n’était même pas toujours mentionnée au générique d’un film lors des débuts du cinéma, a pu avoir de très graves conséquences sur la carrière de certains metteurs en scène. C’est ce que vivra André Sauvage, premier grand documentariste français, ami des surréalistes Man Ray et Robert Desnos, à qui Jean Renoir et les frères Prévert voueront une grande admiration. Datant de 1931, La croisière jaune reste l’une des plus grandes aventures scientifiques, techniques, artistiques et filmiques de cette époque. Le documentaire tiré de cette mission, entièrement conçu par André Sauvage, aurait dû être son chef-d’oeuvre. Toutefois, le sort en a décidé autrement. Le film, à peine terminé, lui a été dérobé et détourné par la société Citroën, à l’origine de l’entreprise. Le constructeur automobile rachète alors le film à la société de production Pathé-Natan qui avait employé Sauvage, et le remet entre les mains d’un autre cinéaste, Léon Poirier. La tragédie de l’artiste commence : le documentariste perd tout son travail ! En effet, sa mise en scène, ses images, son montage se voient mutilés par Poirier dont le remontage, les coupes franches des plans et la bande-son falsificatrice assassinent l’esprit du film. L’oeuvre ethnographique et humaniste de Sauvage devient une simple publicité pour les véhicules Citroën. Écoeuré par la procédure qui n’aboutit pas concernant le plus grand industriel de France, Sauvage se retire définitivement de la profession pour devenir agriculteur.
Street art et le droit français : entre réprobation et bienveillance
Authors: Copain Carine
Published: May 2017

Marqué par ses origines délictuelles, le street art pose aujourd’hui de nombreuses interrogations en droit, et ce, d’autant plus que le marché de l’art tend à le considérer comme un véritable mouvement artistique, au même titre que l’art contemporain par exemple. De par cette évolution, le droit pénal, le droit de la propriété intellectuelle et le droit de propriété au sens de l’article 544 du Code civil français sont nécessairement interrogés. Entre liberté de création et protection de l’ordre public et des droits d’autrui, le street art peut-il être rattaché aux catégories juridiques existantes ? Un statut juridique sui generis ne serait-il pas préférable ?
La dogmatique comme activité artistique : contribution à l’étude de l’autonomie du système juridique
Authors: Colonna D’Istria François
Published: May 2017

Dénoncer les limites et les insuffisances de la dogmatique est devenu une figure traditionnelle de la rhétorique doctrinale. Se bornant à jouer avec des abstractions vides, la dogmatique serait incapable de penser concrètement le droit et les enjeux socioéconomiques dans lesquels il s’insère. L’on peut pourtant rompre avec cette présentation critique, en pensant la dogmatique comme une activité artistique. Le dogmaticien pose un regard d’artiste sur la règle de droit, précisément en ce qu’il ne l’envisage pas comme un moyen, mais comme sa propre fin, la décollant par fiction du contexte de son apparition et de son application, créant ainsi un système autonome. L’art permet de comprendre en quoi cette déconnexion, tant critiquée par ailleurs, est néanmoins une vertu : source de créativité, condition de l’impartialité, vecteur de pacification.
Contrataciones Públicas en Economía Social: un estudio del caso de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
Authors: Erauskin Tolosa Artitzar , Zurbano Irizar Mikel , Martínez Tola Elena
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Dada la gran capacidad de compra del sector público a todos los niveles, la compra y contratación pública sostenible posee grandes potencialidades en catalizar el desarrollo económico sostenible, en particular en el contexto de crisis global. El hecho de que las administraciones e instituciones públicas se decanten por compras y contrataciones sostenibles puede transformar el mercado, estimular el desarrollo de una gestión socialmente responsable y crear incentivos para invertir, innovar y ampliar las soluciones sostenibles a partir del impulso de demanda de las administraciones públicas. En la medida en que las instituciones y administraciones públicas son un buen ejemplo de prácticas sostenibles para los ciudadanos y, a su vez, impulsores de conciencia de sostenibilidad es importante que actúen de forma coherente con las políticas de sostenibilidad que promocionan. Esto, si cabe, es más importante para las instituciones públicas de enseñanza e investigación dado que tienen la responsabilidad de suscitar la conciencia de sostenibilidad entre sus estudiantes y personal. En este contexto, en el presente trabajo de investigación se va analizar el papel que ha desempeñado durante estos últimos años la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). De modo que, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y contabilizar, tanto en número como en importes adjudicados, las adjudicaciones y formalizaciones de contratos públicos de la UPV/EHU realizados con el universo de la Economía Social Vasca, durante el periodo 2012-2014. Para ello se estudiarán los contratos públicos difundidos en el perfil de contratante de la UPV/EHU.
Las dimensiones socioeconómicas del Tercer Sector en Canarias
Authors: Carnero Lorenzo Fernando , Barroso Ribal Cristino Celso , Nuez Yánez Juan Sebastián
Published: May 2017

El análisis del Tercer Sector, que incluye a las instituciones sin fines de lucro al servicio de los hogares (ISFLSH) y que conforman el subsector no de mercado de la Economía Social, resulta a todas luces una tarea muy complicada. Ello es debido a la ausencia de una fuente de información más o menos homogénea y extensa en el tiempo, como la que disponemos para el estudio de las principales empresas de la Economía Social. Por ello, nos hemos visto obligados a acudir a bases de datos muy dispares para intentar aproximarnos a la realidad de las asociaciones y fundaciones en Canarias. Dicha dispersión, además, obliga a que los resultados obtenidos tengan que ser considerados con cautela, pues no dejan de ser, en muchas ocasiones, meras estimaciones. Estos resultados se refieren, en primer lugar, al número de entidades y su tipología. En segundo término, nos centraremos en los recursos humanos de que disponen las entidades del Tercer Sector, tanto del empleo asalariado como de los voluntarios. En cada caso expondremos las principales características socioeconómicas que los definen. Finalmente, estudiaremos las principales variables económicas (producción, fuentes de ingreso, costes laborales...), destacando los rasgos más sobresalientes. Asimismo, intentaremos medir la importancia de las asociaciones y fundaciones en el marco de la sociedad y de la economía isleña. Para ello, utilizaremos las variables demográficas, de empleo y de producción regional que nos proporciona el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, comparando, cuando sea posible, los valores obtenidos para el Archipiélago con los calculados a nivel nacional para este tipo de organizaciones.
Roundtable: The Position of Women in Post-War Japanese Cinema (Kinema Junpō, 1961)
Authors: Armendáriz-Hernández Alejandra , González-López Irene
Published: May 2017

In contrast to the canonical history of cinema and film theory, often dominated by academic texts and Western and/or male voices, this article presents a casual conversation held in 1961 between four of the most influential women in the post-war Japanese film industry: Kawakita Kashiko,,Yamamoto Kyōko, Tanaka Kinuyo and Takamine Hideko. As they openly discuss their gendered experience in production, promotion, distribution and criticism, their thoughts shed light on the wide range of opportunities available to women in filmmaking, but also on the professional constraints,and concerns which they felt came along with their gender. Their conversation reveals how they measured themselves and their national industry in relation to the West; at times unaware of their pioneer role in world cinema. This piece of self-reflexive criticism contributes to existing research on both womens filmmaking and the industry of Japanese cinema, and invites us to reconsider non-hegemonic film thinking practices and voices.
Learning shapes the aversion and reward responses of lateral habenula neurons
Authors: Wang Daqing , Li Yi , Feng Qiru , Guo Qingchun , Zhou Jingfeng , Luo Minmin
Published: May 2017

The lateral habenula (LHb) is believed to encode negative motivational values. It remains unknown how LHb neurons respond to various stressors and how learning shapes their responses. Here, we used fiber-photometry and electrophysiology to track LHb neuronal activity in freely-behaving mice. Bitterness, pain, and social attack by aggressors intensively excite LHb neurons. Aversive Pavlovian conditioning induced activation by the aversion-predicting cue in a few trials. The experience of social defeat also conditioned excitatory responses to previously neutral social stimuli. In contrast, fiber photometry and single-unit recordings revealed that sucrose reward inhibited LHb neurons and often produced excitatory rebound. It required prolonged conditioning and high reward probability to induce inhibition by reward-predicting cues. Therefore, LHb neurons can bidirectionally process a diverse array of aversive and reward signals. Importantly, their responses are dynamically shaped by learning, suggesting that the LHb participates in experience-dependent selection of behavioral responses to stressors and rewards.
Assessing the utility of an institutional publications officer: a pilot assessment
Authors: Cobey Kelly D. , Galipeau James , Shamseer Larissa , Moher David
Published: May 2017

Background

The scholarly publication landscape is changing rapidly. We investigated whether the introduction of an institutional publications officer might help facilitate better knowledge of publication topics and related resources, and effectively support researchers to publish.

Methods

In September 2015, a purpose-built survey about researchers’ knowledge and perceptions of publication practices was administered at five Ottawa area research institutions. Subsequently, we publicly announced a newly hired publications officer (KDC) who then began conducting outreach at two of the institutions. Specifically, the publications officer gave presentations, held one-to-one consultations, developed electronic newsletter content, and generated and maintained a webpage of resources. In March 2016, we re-surveyed our participants regarding their knowledge and perceptions of publishing. Mean scores to the perception questions, and the percent of correct responses to the knowledge questions, pre and post survey, were computed for each item. The difference between these means or calculated percentages was then examined across the survey measures.

Results

82 participants completed both surveys. Of this group, 29 indicated that they had exposure to the publications officer, while the remaining 53 indicated they did not. Interaction with the publications officer led to improvements in half of the knowledge items (7/14 variables). While improvements in knowledge of publishing were also found among those who reported not to have interacted with the publications officer (9/14), these effects were often smaller in magnitude. Scores for some publication knowledge variables actually decreased between the pre and post survey (3/14). Effects for researchers’ perceptions of publishing increased for 5/6 variables in the group that interacted with the publications officer.

Discussion

This pilot provides initial indication that, in a short timeframe, introducing an institutional publications officer may improve knowledge and perceptions surrounding publishing. This study is limited by its modest sample size and temporal relationship between the introduction of the publications officer and changes in knowledge and perceptions. A randomized trial examining the publications officer as an effective intervention is needed.
Alien vs. predator: bacterial challenge alters coral microbiomes unless controlled byHalobacteriovoraxpredators
Authors: Welsh Rory M. , Rosales Stephanie M. , Zaneveld Jesse R. , Payet Jérôme P. , McMinds Ryan , Hubbs Steven L. , Vega Thurber Rebecca L.
Published: May 2017

Coral microbiomes are known to play important roles in organismal health, response to environmental stress, and resistance to disease. The coral microbiome contains diverse assemblages of resident bacteria, ranging from defensive and metabolic symbionts to opportunistic bacteria that may turn harmful in compromised hosts. However, little is known about how these bacterial interactions influence the mechanism and controls of overall structure, stability, and function of the microbiome. We sought to test how coral microbiome dynamics were affected by interactions between two bacteria:Vibrio coralliilyticus, a known temperature-dependent pathogen of some corals, andHalobacteriovorax, a unique bacterial predator ofVibrioand other gram-negative bacteria. We challenged reef-building coral withV. coralliilyticusin the presence or absence ofHalobacteriovoraxpredators, and monitored microbial community dynamics with 16S rRNA gene profiling time-series.Vibrio coralliilyticusinoculation increased the mean relative abundance ofVibriosby greater than 35% from the 4 to 8 hour time point, but not in the 24 & 32 hour time points. However, strong secondary effects of theVibriochallenge were also observed for the rest of the microbiome such as increased richness (observed species), and reduced stability (increased beta-diversity). Moreover, after the transient increase inVibrios,two lineages of bacteria (RhodobacteralesandCytophagales) increased in coral tissues, suggesting thatV. coralliilyticuschallenge opens niche space for these known opportunists.Rhodobacteralesincreased from 6.99% (±0.05 SEM) to a maximum mean relative abundance of 48.75% (±0.14 SEM) in the final time point andCytophagalesfrom <0.001% to 3.656%.Halobacteriovoraxpredators are commonly present at low-abundance on coral surfaces. Based on the keystone role of predators in many ecosystems, we hypothesized thatHalobacteriovoraxpredators might help protect corals by consuming foreign or “alien” gram negative bacteria.Halobacteriovoraxinoculation also altered the microbiome but to a lesser degree thanV. coralliilyticus, andHalobacteriovoraxwere never detected after inoculation. Simultaneous challenge with bothV. coralliilyticusand predatoryHalobacteriovoraxeliminated the increase inV. coralliilyticus, ameliorated changes to the rest of the coral microbiome, and prevented the secondary blooms of opportunisticRhodobacteralesandCytophagalesseen in theV. coralliilyticuschallenge. These data suggest that, under certain circumstances, host-associated bacterial predators may mitigate the ability of other bacteria to destabilize the microbiome.
Pond dyes are Culex mosquito oviposition attractants
Authors: Ortiz Perea Natali , Callaghan Amanda
Published: May 2017

Background

British mosquito population distribution, abundance, species composition and potential for mosquito disease transmission are intimately linked to the physical environment. The presence of ponds and water storage can significantly increase the density of particular mosquito species in the garden. Culex pipiens is the mosquito most commonly found in UK gardens and a potential vector of West Nile Virus WNV, although the current risk of transmission is low. However any factors that significantly change the distribution and population of C. pipiens are likely to impact subsequent risk of disease transmission. Pond dyes are used to control algal growth and improve aesthetics of still water reflecting surrounding planting. However, it is well documented that females of some species of mosquito prefer to lay eggs in dark water and/or containers of different colours and we predict that dyed ponds will be attractive to Culex mosquitoes.

Methods

Black pond dye was used in oviposition choice tests using wild-caught gravid C. pipiens. Larvae from wild-caught C. pipiens were also reared in the pond dye to determine whether it had any impact on survival. An emergence trap caught any adults that emerged from the water. Water butts (80 L) were positioned around university glasshouses and woodland and treated with black pond dye or left undyed. Weekly sampling over a six month period through summer and autumn was performed to quantified numbers of larvae and pupae in each treatment and habitat.

Results

Gravid female Culex mosquitoes preferred to lay eggs in dyed water. This was highly significant in tests conducted under laboratory conditions and in a semi-field choice test. Despite this, survivorship in black dyed water was significantly reduced compared to undyed water. Seasonal analysis of wild larval and pupal numbers in two habitats with and without dye showed no impact of dye but a significant impact of season and habitat. Mosquitoes were more successful, with significantly higher numbers of pupae, in the habitat where they had vegetation cover and shade.

Discussion

Our study has raised some interesting possibilities; one is that where used, pond dyes may be encouraging mosquitoes to breed in gardens in close proximity to people. Considering the concerns over potential future spread of disease in urban environments, this as well as shading of ponds and water butts, should inform future advice over reducing mosquito breeding and spread.
Quercetin reduces hydroxyurea induced cytotoxicity in immortalized mouse aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Kiser Zachary M. , McGee Monica D.M. , Wright Racquel J. , Quarshie Alexander , Newman Gale W. , Randall Karen R. , Stiles Jonathan K. , Driss Adel , Hibbert Jacqueline M.
Published: May 2017

Background

Chronic inflammation is a characteristic of sickle cell disease (SCD), and is invariably associated with vascular endothelial injury. Hydroxyurea (HU), a naturally cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, is the only FDA drug approved for SCD, and is therefore naturally cytotoxic. Quercetin (QCT) is a dietary flavonoid found ubiquitously in plants and foods that have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Our hypothesis is that dietary QCT will decrease cytotoxic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and HU induced vascular cell damage.

Methods

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in immortalized mouse aortic endothelial cells (iMAECs), providing an in vitro model of inflamed endothelial cells. The cells were exposed to LPS throughout the entire experiment. Interventions included treating the LPS exposed cells with QCT, HU, or QCT + HU over 50 hours. The 50-hour period included 24 hours of varying treatments, followed by two hours of hypoxic exposure and then 24 hours under normal aerobic exposure.

Results

LDH level was significantly higher for LPS treated versus untreated cells (P = 0.0004). LPS plus 30 micromole QCT reduced the LDH (p = 0.1, trend), whereas LPS plus 100 micromoles HU, significantly increased LDH (p = 0.0004). However, LPS plus treatment with 30 micromoles QCT/100 micromoles HU, significantly reduced LDH, compared with HU alone (p = 0.0002).

Discussion

These results suggest that quercetin may be effective against vascular endothelial cell damage for iMAECsin vitro. In particular, it shows promise in preventing HU-induced cytotoxicity, surprisingly found from these results. This latter finding is important, and should be given more consideration, since HU is the only FDA-approved drug for treating sickle cell patients, and its use is rapidly increasing.
Seed morphometric characteristics of European species of Elatine (Elatinaceae)
Authors: Popiela Agnieszka , Łysko Andrzej , Białecka Bożenna , Bihun Magdalena Marta , Sramkó Gábor , Staroń Waldemar , Wieczorek Anetta , Molnár V. Attila
Published: May 2017

Elatine L. contains ca. 25 small, herbaceous, annual species distributed in ephemeral waters in both hemispheres. All species are amphibious and characterized by a high degree of morphological variability. The importance of seed morphology in Elatine taxonomy has been emphasized by many authors. The degree of seed curvature and seed coat reticulation have been traditionally considered very important in recognizing individual species of this genus. Seed morphometric characteristics of 10 Elatine species, including all European native taxa, are provided on the basis of material from two or three populations of each species. A total of 24–50 seeds were studied from each population, altogether 1,260 images were used for the morphometric study. In total, six parameters were measured from SEM pictures: object surface area, profile specific perimeter (object circuit), rectangle of the object (a) length, rectangle of the object (b) width, angle of the seed curvature, and number of pits in the seed coat counted in the middle row. Our study shows that the range of morphological variation of seeds in European species of Elatine is great, both between the species and the populations. Discrimination analysis showed that all six traits significantly differentiate the populations studied (λ = 0.001, p < 0.001), and the greatest contributions were “number of pits”, “rectangle_a”, and “the angle curvature”. Multidimensional scaling based on a correlation matrix of Mahalanobis distance of the six features studied revealed the greatest similarity between the three populations of E. alsinastrum, E. macropoda, and E. hexandra. Regarding interspecific differences, a Kruskal–Wallis tests showed that, in many cases, lack of statistically significant differences between species relative to the studied seed traits. If distinction of species is only based on seeds, especially if only a few seeds are evaluated, the following species pairs can be easily confused: E. alsinastrum and E. orthosperma, E. hexandra and E. macropoda, E. campylosperma and E. hydropiper, as well and E. gussonei and E. hungarica. We found no diversity in seed coat micromorphology within pits that could have potential taxonomic importance. An identification key and descriptions of species are provided on the basis of seeds traits.
New and noteworthy bryophyte records for Turkey and Southwest Asia
Authors: Oren Muhammet , Uyar Güray , Ezer Tulay , Can Gozcu Merve
Published: May 2017

Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) and Obtusifolium obtusum (Lindb.) S.W.Arnell (Cephaloziellaceae, Marchantiophyta) are recorded in Turkey for the first time. The specimens were collected at Samanlı Mountains in north-west Turkey and Küre Mountains in the north of Turkey. Descriptions and illustrations of the two species, and notes on their distributions and ecological characteristics within Turkey are provided.
What is Microlejeunea victoriae D.J.Carr?
Authors: Meagher David
Published: May 2017

Microlejeunea victoriae D.J.Carr, (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae) was described in 2005 from a specimen collected in the 1950s on Wilsons Promontory, Australia. It is Siphonolejeunea nudipes (Hook.f. & Taylor) Herzog.
Stability and crystal structures of His88 mutant human transthyretins
Authors: Yokoyama Takeshi , Hanawa Yuma , Obita Takayuki , Mizuguchi Mineyuki
Published: May 2017

Destabilization of human transthyretin (TTR) has been implicated in its misfolding and aggregation. A previous study on the neutron crystal structure of TTR suggested that a large hydrogen bond network around H88 which includes water molecules is significantly involved in the stability of wild‐type TTR (WT‐TTR). Here, we demonstrate that the H88R mutant associated with amyloid cardiomyopathy is substantially destabilized compared with WT‐TTR. In order to clarify the role of H88 and the hydrogen bond network in the stability of TTR, we determined the thermodynamic stability and the crystal structure of H88 mutants (H88A, H88F, H88Y, and H88S). Our results suggest that in some cases TTR is destabilized due to alterations in bound water molecules as well as structural changes in TTR itself.