bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forex market as the best possible way of investing money during an economic boom and recession
Authors: Zembura Wojciech
Published: March 2023

Since the beginning of the 1980s, a continuous process of integration of national and regional markets into one global market for goods, services and capital can be noticed. Both economic theory and market practice indicate that the level of the exchange rate primarily depends on macroeconomic variables (such as interest rates or the number of new jobs in the non-agricultural sector). The results of the research presented in the article regard the importance of US macroeconomic data publications for the short-term volatility of EUR/USD exchange rate. The main purpose of the study was to show whether macroeconomic data from the United States affects the short-term development of the EUR/USD exchange rate and whether the Forex market is a good way to multiply capital. The following research questions have been posed: does the EUR/USD exchange rate react to the published macroeconomic data from the American economy? Second, is whether investing in the Forex market could be a way to multiply capital in times of economic boom and recession. This paper presents the effects of my own research and observations in terms of the impact of US macroeconomic data, on shaping exchange rates of the Forex market. Based on my own investment experience my goal is to prove, that Forex market is a perfect way to multiply capital. My investment decisions regarding future exchange rate fluctuations, were based on the presented macroeconomic data from the US economy, as well as on the basis of important leading economic indicators. The position was opened and closed on the same day. The trading contracts have been made throughout 7 working days. The underlying financial instruments were EUR/USD and OIL. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The USD/PLN exchange rate reacted to the published macroeconomic data from USA. The strongest exchange rate reaction was noticed after publications of data regarding US Non-farm Payrolls (NFP), Initial Jobless Claims and ISM Services PMI. Strong exchange rate reaction was recorded after ADP US Private Sector Jobs and Factory orders report. When taking described investment examples into account, it can be clearly stated that investing in the Forex market is an excellent alternative to stock investments.
Sustainability Fruit Supply Chain Design in the Context of Decentralized Smallholders: Modelling Framework and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Peña-Orozco Diego Leon , Gonzalez-Feliu Jesus , Salazar-Aguirre Leidy Tatiana , Arenas-Ruiz Mayra Alejandra
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to examine the sustainability of smallholders’ citrus supply chain characterized by low coordination and the need to reinforce producers’ welfare, through optimization-based decision support method in the field where logistics specialization and global sustainability are required by agricultural producers. More specifically, a mixed-objective and multi-objective linear programming model is developed to achieve a sustainable balance: at the economic level, to reduce the logistics costs associated with the production chain as well as to reduce the environmental impacts in the form of carbon dioxide emissions generated during transport, while at the social level, integration through job creation into a three-echelons fruit supply chain including producers, intermediaries and retailers. The model is applied to four scenarios, whose analyses determine the importance of supply chain costs that cannot be neglected but which lead to an optimum that also reduces environmental burden and increases social welfare. In conclusion, the integration of opposing approaches represented by this model enables the improvement of the performance of the supply chain studied.
Perceived Birth Trauma in Macedonian Women
Authors: Pop-Jordanova Nada , Jakovska-Maretti Tatjana , Zorcec Tatjana
Published: March 2023

Although the childbearing is perceived as a normal and happy event, new research shows that psychological birth trauma is, however, a universal and not so rare phenomenon.

Traumatic birth experiences can cause postnatal mental health disturbances, fear of childbirth in subsequent pregnancies and disruption to mother-infant bonding, leading to possible impaired child development.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate collected data from several obstetric clinics, as well as from primary paediatric settings related to ‘Birth Trauma’ in order to review women with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth.

The study is prospective, starting from January 2021 and ending in December 2022. The psychological instrument used in this research is the Intersect Questionnaire, composed of 59 questions grouped in 8 parts.

The obtained results from our study confirmed that birth trauma is not a rare phenomenon in our country. Symptoms correlated with PTSD were present as follows: unpleasant memories (2.7%), anxiety (38.54%), panic (6.47%), trying not to remember the delivery (4.04%), self-accusation (2.16%), negative emotions (1.89%), alienation (4.31%), irritation/aggression (1.89%), self-destruction (1.89%), impulsiveness (4.31%), problems with concentration (3.23%), and sleeping problems (21.88%). These results are alarming. It is imperative to better understand this vulnerable period in a woman’s life.

As a general conclusion, we must highlight the importance of perceived birth trauma in women, phenomena which has been confirmed worldwide and which must be overcome as quickly and as successfully as possible.
Association of Inflammatory Markers with Disease Severity and Outcome in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Gjuzelova Aleksandra Aleksoska , Nakova Valentina Velkoska , Nanovic Zorica , Metodieva Marija , Stojkoska Aleksandra Jorganovic , Camurovski Nikola , Mitreski Vladimir , Krstevska Slagjana Simeonova
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus pandemic was associated with a high mortality rate in the Republic of North Macedonia. Finding early markers of the disease’s severity may predict outcomes and guide the treatment of the disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of inflammatory markers in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.

Methods: The study included 104 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients who underwent hospital treatment at the Institute of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Skopje, North Macedonia, between November 2020 and May 2021. Inflammatory markers were assessed in all patients and correlated with the disease severity and outcome in terms of survival or death.

Results: IL-6 and LDH at admission were significantly elevated in patients with a severe or critical form of the disease and among non-survivors. In addition, IL-6 showed 87.9% of sensitivity and 61.8% of specificity for distinguishing non-survivors from survivors with a cut-off value of 21.7 pg/ml in the receiver operator curve (ROC). Procalcitonin was significantly increased in non-survivors. Parallel to the increase of disease severity, the values of CRP and LDH increased significantly during hospitalization.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a significant association exists between the highly increased levels of CRP, LDH, IL-6 and procalcitonin and the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Their measurements and follow-up during the course of the disease could be used as predictors for prognosis and outcome but also as a subject for targeted therapy.
Dharmakīrti’s Dual Philosophical Identity
Authors: Gokhale Pradeep P.
Published: March 2023

In the paper, the author addresses the question of Dharmakīrti’s philosophical identity afresh. While acknowledging both the elements, external realism of Sautrāintika and idealism of Yogācāra, the author does disagree with the claim which is sometimes made, that Dharmakīrti’s idealism as his ultimate position and accepts realism only at conventional level. The author shows how Dharmakīrti in Pramāṇavārttika oscillates between the two positions and that he must have been attracted to both the positions for different reasons. He was attracted to idealism from critical point of view, when he was critical about the limitations of Sautrāntika realism (which itself can be called critical realism). He was attracted to realism for its capacity to explain the diverse phenomena and lead human beings to their goals. The author denies the claim made by some scholars that Dharmakīrti’s idealism can be called just an epistemic one. He argues that it did have a metaphysical dimension which is hard to defend. The author shows that Dharmakīrti’s idealist stance has adverse implications to the realist epistemology and logic which constitute his mainstream position; the implications, which Dharmakīrti does not take up for discussion.
Development of Jaina Pramāṇaśāstra in the Commentaries of Tattvārthasūtra
Authors: Jain Dharm Chand
Published: March 2023

In Jaina philosophy, pramāṇa is accepted as a definitive knowledge of an object and knowledge itself. There are many treatises on Jaina pramāṇa-śāstra which include epistemology and logic according to Jainism. Since Siddhasena’s Nyāyāvatra more than forty texts and commentaries are available on this subject. Five types of knowledge i.e. matijñāna (knowledge through sense organs and mind), śrutajñāna (scriptural of verbal knowledge), avadhijñāna (clairvoyance), manaḥparyayajñāna (knowing the modes of others’ minds) and kevaljñāna (knowledge of all substances and modes) as mentioned in the canonical literature are the basis of the development of Jaina pramāṇa-śāstra. Contributions of Bhaṭṭa Akalaṅka (720–780), Vidyānanda (775–840), Ananatavirya (950–990), Vādiraj (1025), Abhayadevasuri (10th century), Prabhācandra (980–1065), Vādi devasśūri (1086–1169, Hemacandra (1088–1173), Dharmabushaṇa (15th century), Yaśovijaya (18th century) are very important in the development of Jaina pramāṇa-śāstra, the Tattvārthasūtra and its commentarial literature has also a significant role in developing the Jaina pramāṇa-śāstra. This development has three aspects-conceptual, analytical and logical. The Tattvārthasūtra is the first text which established the classification of knowledge as two types of pramāṇa – pratyakṣa (perception) and parokṣa (indirect pramāṇa). An intensive discussion on Jaina epistemology or pramāṇa-śāstra is seen in the commentarial literature of the Tattvārthasūtra.
Using Transition Systems to Formalize Ideas from Vedānta
Authors: Krishnan Padmanabhan
Published: March 2023

Vedānta is one of the oldest philosophical systems. While there are many detailed commentaries on Vedānta, there are very few mathematical descriptions of the different concepts developed there. This article shows how ideas from theoretical computer science can be used to explain Vedānta. The standard ideas of transition systems and modal logic are used to develop a formal description for the different ideas in Vedānta. The generality of the formalism is illustrated via a number of examples including saṃsāra, Patañjali’s Yogasūtras, karma, the three avasthās from the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad and the key difference between advaita and dvaita in relation to mokṣa.
The Traditional Approach to the Periodization of Indian Philosophy as a Hegelian Approach
Authors: Schumann Andrew
Published: March 2023

This paper is devoted to the methodology of history of philosophy. There are considered two approaches: the Hegelian and Schellingian ones. It is shown that the Hegelian approach has many weak points. Both approaches are demonstrated on the material of Indian philosophy. The Schellingian approach was hammered out then by Foucault as archeology of philosophy.
STRATEGI KPU KOTA METRO DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERSELISIHAN HASIL PEMILU PADA PEMILU 2019
Authors: Lestari Eni , Hertanto Hertanto , Kurniawan Robi Cahyadi
Published: March 2023

KPU Kota Metro mengalami sengketa gugatan perselisihan hasil pemilu 2019 dari salah satu partai politik peserta pemilu yakni PKS Kota Metro. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya  sengketa perselisihan hasil Pemilu 2019 di Kota Metro (2) mengetahui strategi resolusi KPU Kota Metro dalam menyelesaikan sengketa perselisihan hasil Pemilu  2019. Penelitian ini   menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, faktor yang   menyebabkan konflik ada  dua yaitu faktor internal dan  faktor eksternal.   Faktor internal meliputi kurangnya pemahaman petugas KPPS, faktor kelelahan, perbedaan pendapat serta adanya pihak yang merasa dirugikan.  Faktor eksternalnya adalah masifnya pemberitaan tentang KPU Kota Metro dibeberapa media  yang mempengaruhi suasana politik serta adanya indikasi faktor kepentingan dari salah satu partai politik. Kedua, KPU Kota Metro dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut  melakukan komunikasi politik formal dengan PKS Kota Metro tetapi hal tersebut tidak membuahkan hasil sehingga PKS Kota Metro melayangkan gugatan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. KPU Kota Metro dalam menghadapi gugatan tersebut menerapkan tiga strategi manajemen konflik  yaitu (a) menghindar dengan tidak memberikan kontra opini terhadap pemberitaan media massa dan media sosial tetapi hanya sekedar memberikan jawaban normatif apabila ada yang  meminta klarifikasi, (b) berkolaborasi dengan KPU Provinsi, KPU Pusat untuk meminta arahan  dan badan adhoc dalam rangka persamaan persepsi  serta Bawaslu Kota Metro terkait dokumen yang kurang dipersidangan, dan (c) berkompetisi dengan pihak pemohon  untuk memenangkan gugatan di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Strategi ini efektif dilihat dengan dimenangkannya gugatan tersebut dan keputusannya dapat diterima oleh PKS Kota Metro dan pendukungnya.
POLICING TERRORISM: PENDEKATAN PENCEGAHAN EKSTREMISME AGAMA DAN TERORISME
Authors: Ridwan Wachid
Published: March 2023

Ancaman terorisme terhadap keamanan manusia tetap merupakan sebuah misteri baik bagi lembaga negara maupun non-negara dalam mencegah insiden mematikan. Bukan karena intelijen negara tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk mendeteksi terjadinya peristiwa-peristiwa berbahaya seperti itu, tetapi terorisme adalah gerakan klandestin yang cukup sulit untuk dikenali taktiknya. Aparat keamanan negara baik Tentara Nasional Indonesia maupun Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia perlu mendapat pelatihan khusus secara terus menerus tentang penanggulangan terorisme dalam melindungi seluruh warga negara dari ancaman teror. Negara harus membangun kapasitas terampil aparat keamanannya sedini mungkin untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan masyarakatnya. Selain itu, partisipasi masyarakat dalam penanggulangan terorisme sangat signifikan karena mereka dapat menjadi sumber informasi utama dalam menggali fakta tindakan disekitar lingkungan tempat mereka tinggal. Para teroris tinggal ditengah-tengah masyarakat majemuk meski belum tentu berbaur karena tingkah laku mereka yang aneh dibandingkan warga biasa pada umumnya. Pemerintah perlu giat menggandeng masyarakat dalam menangani penanggulangan terorisme. Partisipasi ini dapat berupa intensifikasi kesadaran publik tentang bahaya ekstremisme agama dan terorisme serta bagaimana mencegah bahaya tersebut agar tidak memberi ruang pada segala macam kegiatan di masyarakat. Selain itu, aparat khusus penanggulangan terorisme harus benar-benar menjadi mitra sejati dengan bergotong royong dan saling percaya dengan masyarakat untuk bersama-sama mencegah segala upaya terorisme, inilah pemolisian terorisme (policing terorism). Pemolisian terorisme menunjukkan profesionalisme aparat kepolisian kontraterorisme dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam setiap langkah penanggulangan pelanggaran ekstremisme agama dan terorisme. Komunitas adalah mitra yang baik untuk informasi yang komprehensif, sementara personel polisi akan bertindak profesional dalam penegakan hukum. Perpaduan kedua pihak ini akan mampu menumbuhkan kerja efektif dalam penanganan kasus kontraterorisme di Indonesia.
PERAN SERTIFIKASI DALAM TATA KELOLA GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN INDUSTRI TEH
Authors: Setiyaningsih Dewi
Published: March 2023

Tata kelola Global Value Chain (GVC) sering dikritik karena mengandung masalah etika produksi, seperti ketimpangan nilai tambah bagi petani kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterlibatan sertifikasi dalam mengatasi masalah masalah etika dalam tata kelola GVC di sektor komoditas teh. Penelitian ini meminjam konsep dari teori GVC yang dikembangkan oleh Gereffi. Konsep-konsep tersebut adalah tiga aspek dalam tata kelola GVC, yakni complexity, codified dan capabilties. Dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif-kualitatif, penelitian ini mencoba melihat bagaimana embaga sertifikasi bekerja melalui tiga aspek dalam tata kelola GVC tersebut. Hasilnya, menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme kerja-kerja badan sertifikasi dalam tiga aspek tata kelola GVC, complexity, codified dan capabilites dapat menyelesaikan masalah etika produksi.
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA (PILKADES) (Studi Terhadap Tokoh Wandi Sebagai Calon Kepala Desa di Desa Susukan, Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat Tahun 2019)
Authors: Putra Fikhri Andhito , Hanafie Haniah
Published: March 2023

Wandi, salah seorang warga Desa Susukan, Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Cirebon Jawa Barat, telah memberanikan diri mengikuti Pemilihan Kepala Desa (pilkades), meskipun modal sosial yang dimilikinya tidak mumpuni, karena status Wandi hanya sebagai seorang mekanik TV dan harus beraing dengan calon kepala desa lain dengan modal sosial yang lebih mumpuni. Penelitian ini, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis Modal Sosial dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa dengan studi kasus seorang tokoh bernama Wandi sebagai calon pilkades, di Desa Susukan pada tahun 2019. Teori Modal Sosial dan Motivasi digunakan sebagai pisau analisis. Pendekatan penelitian bersifat kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, studi pustaka dan telaah dokumen. Sedangkan key informan dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling.  Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa meskipun dengan modal sosial yang tidak mumpuni, karena hanya sebagai seorang mekanik TV, pendidikan tidak tinggi dan tidak memiliki kekayaan, jika dibandingkan dengan calon kepala desa lainnya, tetapi motivasi kuat membuat Wandi memberanikan diri untuk mengikuti pilkades di Desa Susukan, meskipun akhirnya kalah. Modal sosial Wandi tidak mumpuni, karena sangat jauh berbeda dengan kedua calon lainnya.  Kemampuan finansial, strategi “lurus” (non money politics) dan orientasi masyarakat yang masih bersifat pragmatis merupakan faktor kenadala kemenangan Wandi dalam pilkades 2019 di Desa Susukan. Kesimpulan bahwa meskipun Wandi kalah dalam pilkades, tetapi Wandi telah menanamkan pembelajaran moral bagi masyarakat.
POLITIK IDENTITAS DIBALIK PANGGUNG PILKADES
Authors: Surya Dian Ariyani , Noerzaman Ali , Usni Usni
Published: March 2023

Pemilihan kepala desa merupakan pemilihan tingkat bawah yang menyentuh masyarakat sebagai implementasi sistem demokrasi. Sehingga warga negara mempunyai hak yang bebas untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya serta bebas untuk memilih. tetapi tidak lepas dengan kaidah undang-undang yang sudah ada. Cara memilih seorang kepala desa dapat dilakukan di desa tersebut secara langsung, damai, dengan warga desa yang sudah siap untuk memilih calon kepala desanya. Namun, pada saat pemilihan kepala desa sedang berlangsung kerap kali dibarengi dengan politik identitas di dalamnya. Hal tersebut dilakukan supaya calon kepala desa bisa mencapai tujuannya untuk memperoleh suara terbanyak di pemilihan calon kepala desa. Seperti yang terjadi pada saat pemilihan kepala desa rumpin pada tahun 2019. Tidak hanya politik identitas saja yang ada di balik panggung pemilihan kepala desa,  tetapi politik identitas etnikpun dihadirkan dalam panggung pemilihan kepala desa tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memakai metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data sendiri menggunakan teknik wawancara yang mendalam kepada berbagai sumber. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data yang sekunder dengan melalui studi literatur dari sebuah jurnal serta media online yang dijadikan sebagai bahan rujukan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa politik identitas warga yang ada di desa rumpin di landasi dengan adanya sebuah agama dan etnik dalam budaya politik yang warga desanya memiliki sebuah kepercayaan kepada calon kepala desanya sehingga bisa terjadi sebuah nepotisme di desa Rumpin.
Land Management Rights Before and After the Government Regulation in Lieu of Job Creation Law
Authors: Peturun Penta
Published: March 2023

There are regulations regarding land management rights (HPL) in Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation in Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation. The background is the birth of the Investment policy made by President Joko Widodo's Government. HPL is regulated separately as a “right”, whereas in the Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles (UUPA) which is the source of law, there is no mention of “rights”. Related to the authority of the State's Right to Control (HMN). The Government Regulation transfers HPL as a whole to certain parties. There should be a role for regulators and operators participating in planning, implementation and supervision. Therefore, there must be clarity on the position of the authority “controlled by the state” for HMN constitutionally against HPL in Government Regulations that refer to the constitution. In a normative legal approach, Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution mandates the state to conduct beleid, bestuursdaad, regelendaad, beheersdaad, tezichthoudensdaad. Philosophically, the government functions as a regulator and operator. As an operator, the Government carries out its duties as a coach and supervisor by directly implementing activities. This is confirmed in the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 001-21-22-PUUI 2003 on HMN. Suppose HPL in the Government Regulation is released. In that case, it is not much different from embracing the concept of nachtwachternstaat or night watchman state, not the principle of welvaarstaat which fully utilizes the control of wealth sources for the greatest prosperity of the people. As it should be, HPL in HMN can provide direction for law enforcers and stakeholders with a role and authority in the land acquisition process.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON BUSINESS CONTRACTS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Putri Mutia Kartika
Published: March 2023

The spread of Covid-19 has significantly hindered many debtors from fulfilling their contractual obligations. This research addresses issues related to force majeure under Indonesian civil law, specifically whether the Covid-19 pandemic qualifies as force majeure and its legal implications for business contracts. This study employs normative and descriptive legal research methods. The findings indicate that the characteristics of force majeure are not explicitly defined in the Indonesian Civil Code, but generally refer to unforeseen events or natural occurrences. Proving that an event constitutes force majeure is challenging and requires meeting specific criteria. The study highlights that invoking force majeure due to the Covid-19 pandemic imposes a substantial burden on debtors and is subject to strict limitations. Additionally, it examines the impact of the pandemic and related government policies, emphasizing the need for a thorough review of force majeure principles and the importance of the debtor’s good faith in fulfilling contractual obligations despite such hindrances.
LEGALITY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS BY SHAREHOLDERS
Authors: Satrisna Andhes Tan
Published: March 2023

The General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is the supreme authority within a company, responsible for making decisions on all significant company matters, provided that certain legal conditions are met. This research aims to analyze the implementation and legal consequences of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders (EGMS) conducted by PT. KOLINGKAS under Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. Employing normative legal research methods with a qualitative approach, the study draws on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, including books, journals, and relevant laws and regulations. The findings indicate that the legality of the EGMS held by PT. KOLINGKAS is questionable. The study reveals that during the EGMS, the Plaintiff, a Board member, was not afforded an opportunity to present a defense, nor was the Plaintiff given prior notice of the intended dismissal. The unilateral nature of the proceedings, which excluded the Plaintiff's awareness, suggests that the EGMS, as documented in Deed Number 06 concerning the Minutes of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders, failed to adhere to the procedural requirements established by the Company Law (UUPT) and constitutes an unlawful act. Consequently, the decision is deemed legally flawed, and the parties involved in the EGMS may be held civilly liable for the fraudulent actions committed.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL REGULATIONS ON THE DIVISION OF JOINT PROPERTY DURING DIVORCE
Authors: Oktaber Yulius
Published: March 2023

This research investigates the prenuptial agreement, also known as the marriage agreement, which regulates the separation of assets between spouses prior to marriage. The research examines the formation and management of joint assets, which accrue from the commencement of the marriage until its dissolution. According to Article 38 of Law No. 16 of 2019, marriages may be dissolved through death, divorce, or court decisions. Utilizing a Normative Juridical legal research method, this research examines statutory regulations relevant to prenuptial agreements and analyzes the Bandar Lampung Religious High Court Decision No. 0004/Pdt.G/2021/PTA.Bdl, dated January 27, 2021, to provide guidelines for the distribution of joint assets post-divorce. The findings reveal that legal frameworks for the distribution of joint assets after divorce are delineated within marriage law and the Compilation of Islamic Law. Additionally, the research highlights the judge’s considerations in the aforementioned Religious Court decision regarding the division of joint assets.
Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard (NO) Decision on the Criminal Case of Land Grabbing Perspective of Justice
Authors: Putristira Dhinda Ratri
Published: March 2023

In cases of land grabbing, the overlap between civil and criminal law has created pre-judicial problems. This has resulted in the discourse of justice among those who anticipate law enforcement through criminal proceedings to be insecure. In addition, the Criminal Procedure Code does not recognize decision NO. This article examines the decision of Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard (NO) in the final decision at the first level of the crime of land grabbing through the perspective of the value of justice. This article uses normative research using case-based, statutory, and conceptual methodologies. Data collection was carried out using literature review tools and interviews. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis was carried out. The findings of the study show that NO's decision in the final decision for the crime of land grabbing at the first level is intended to eliminate inconsistencies between criminal and civil judgments. Still, the Criminal Procedure Code does not recognize NO. Therefore, the NO decision cannot be given in a criminal case. If the indictment cannot be used to prosecute the defendant's actions, the decision can be an acquittal or a decision free from all lawsuits. Regarding the need for a civil decision regarding land ownership, it should be resolved in an interlocutory judgment. NO's verdict in the land grabbing case Number: 376.PID.B/2021/PN KOT does not fulfill the value of justice. Victims cannot get back the items they claim as their own, the public prosecutor cannot prove the accused's guilt, and the perpetrators do not know the exact status of the land. In addition, as a result of NO's decision, the case could not be retried (ne bis in idem), so justice and legal certainty were not achieved.
The Synergy of Military and Civil Society in High-Value Timber Production: Developing Forest Institutions Above the Ruins of Conflict
Authors: Kusuma Bayu Mitra A.
Published: March 2023

Maluku is a province in eastern Indonesia that has experienced prolonged conflict due to racial and sectarian issues. This conflict can be resolved when the state through the military changes its approach from security to prosperity. With the synergy of the military and civil society as the basic foundation of the Green Gold program, Maluku has transformed into a producer of high-value timber such as agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) and sandalwood (Santalum Album) from their production forests. This research aims to analyze the institutional governance of production forests in Maluku using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework as an analytical tool. To analyze the above phenomenon, this research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected from interviews and literature studies. The research results showed that:Â First,Â in terms of Attributes of the Resource, it was found that basically local users have managed the production forest resources quite well, but they still have a high dependence on military assistance.Â Second, in terms of Attributes of the Users, it was found that the community has a high sense of belonging to the forest. There is an assumption that if they do not manage the forest well, it will be difficult for them to escape from conflict. Therefore, in order to realize community self-government over the forest, the military gradually reduced its role.
Financial Feasibility of Arabica Coffee Plantation Business Through Partnership Pattern in Solok Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Tanjung Faidil , Evaliza Dwi , Azhari Rafnel
Published: March 2023

Lembah Gumanti District has the largest area of Arabica coffee in Solok Regency, with a production of 2588.8 tons in 2019. Some problems farmers face in developing Arabika coffee farming include a lack of knowledge of cultivation techniques and low selling price of coffee (cherry) beans at the farm gate. The Solok Radjo Cooperative emerged to solve farmers' problems and is willing to help develop Arabica coffee plantations in partnership. This study aims to: (1) describe the implementation of partnerships in Arabica coffee farming and (2) analyze the feasibility of arabica coffee farming with partnership pattern. A survey method was used involving 40 sample farmers selected using simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively to determine the implementation and benefits obtained by the partnering parties (farmers and Solok Radjo Cooperative). Quantitative analysis is intended to determine the financial feasibility of developing Arabica coffee with a partnership pattern. In the partnership system, the Solok Radjo Cooperative provides farmers assistance to use superior seeds, socialization of Arabica coffee cultivation and harvesting techniques, and willingness to buy coffee beans (cherry) from farmers with higher prices than local collectors. The benefit obtained by the Solok Radjo Cooperative is the guaranteed supply of Arabica coffee production with better quality. Arabica coffee plantation business through this partnership is feasible with a Net BC ratio of 2.43.
Tingkatan Keluhan Subjektif Berdasarkan Faktor Bahaya Fisik pada Pekerja Maintenance PT Besmindo Materi Sewatama
Authors: Friska FriskaEkaFitria , Onasis Aidil
Published: March 2023

Division worker Maintenance PT Besmindo Material Sewatama often complains of ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, weariness, short temper, and dizziness. The risk arising from the real-life workplace is the risk factor that is closely associated to this complaint. The aim of this research was to determine the level of severity of subjective complaints submitted by workers in the Maintenance department of PT Besmindo Material Sewatama according to actual workplace conditions. The time frame for this study was from March to July 2022. 52 persons made up the study's sample. Univariate analysis of the data was used in this study. According to the findings, there were a lot of subjective complaints based on the physical work environment (71.2%). Hot rooms, machine noise, and vibration from other work tools and machinery can lead to complaints. Engineering Control controls are required to lessen vibration and noise produced by the machine housed in the work area maintenance, and it is anticipated that workers would use PPE like earplugs to lower the noise level experienced by them.
Kajian Potensi Tumbuhan Sumber Pangan dan Pemanfaatannya di Gunung Tilu Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Hendrayana Yayan , Adhya Ilham , Herlina Nina , Nurlaila Ai , Syahban Fahrul Shohbarudin , Rangga Wijaya Ali Jabar , Wendra Wendra
Published: March 2023

The Mount Tilu forest area has a high biodiversity of both flora and fauna. In line with the ever-increasing population growth, the need for food sources has also increased. Food needs can be fulfilled because of the potential utilization of existing natural resources. Many plant species that have nutrients and other elements that are important for human food needs need to be studied further. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential of food plants and their utilization by the people around Mount Tilu. The research method used to determine the condition of the vegetation is using the Line Transect and Sample Plot Methods. Meanwhile, information on plant utilization was carried out by interviewing the community around the area. In the Tilu Mountain area, there were 4 types of plant sources of food sources of carbohydrates, 10 types of fruit-producing sources, 2 types of fatty oil producers, 4 types of dye sources, and 21 types of medicinal plant sources. Utilization of food source plants around Mount Tilu is consumed directly for one's own needs. Information regarding the existence of these food-source plants is very important as material for study for area managers and surrounding communities in the future
Advances in Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Remala Archana , Reddy Kapil Karthikeya , Velagapudi Poonam
Published: March 2023

Since its inception, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have played a significant role in evaluating the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) guiding the interventional and medical management of CAD improving outcomes in patients. Although the benefits of each of these modalities have been proven, due to some limitations, no single intravascular imaging technique has been proven to provide a detailed and complete evaluation of all CAD lesions. The use of different intravascular imaging modalities sequentially may lead to complications, which are cumbersome, consume time, and add financial burden to the patient. Recently, hybrid imaging catheters that combine OCT and IVUS benefits have been developed to limit these problems. Intravascular imaging techniques we are using currently have some drawbacks that hinder accurate assessment of plaque morphology and pathobiology as demonstrated in many histological studies, causing difficulty in identifying high-risk plaques. To overcome these limitations, great efforts have been put into developing hybrid, dual-probe catheters by combining imaging modalities to get an accurate analysis of plaque characteristics, and high-risk lesions. At present, many dual-probe catheters are available including combined IVUS-OCT, near-infrared spectroscopy-IVUS that is available commercially, the OCT-near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging, IVUS-NIRF, and combined fluorescence lifetime-IVUS imaging. Application of this combined multimodal imaging in clinical practice overcomes the limitations of standalone imaging and helps in providing a comprehensive and accurate visualization of plaque characteristics, composition, and plaque biology. The present article summarizes the advances in hybrid intravascular imaging, analyses the technical hindrances that should be known to have a use in the different clinical circumstances, and the till date shreds of evidence available from their first clinical application aiming to bring these modalities into the limelight and their potential role in the study of CAD.
A correlation study of arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic neuropathy and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Kar Manisha , Priyadarsini Nibedita , Behera Kishore Kumar
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Micro and macrovasculopathy are common complications of undertreated or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. One of the underlying factors of macrovasculopathy is arterial stiffness, which may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Understandably, diabetic micro and macrovasculopathy affect vital functions, which may affect the well-being of the individual. However, few studies have attempted to determine arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and lipid profile separately in South Asian population and examined its associations with T2DM. Moreover, there is a need to understand the mechanistic links among cardiovascular risk factors. This forms the basis of the present study.

Materials and Methods:

T2DM patients of 53–62 years and age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were recruited in the cross-sectional and observational study (n = 30 each, eight women). Anthropometric measurements, physiological parameters such as resting heart rate, peripheral blood pressure (PBP), central blood pressure (CBP), augmentation index% (AIx%), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and lead II ECG for analysis of heart rate variability parameters were recorded after obtaining the consent of the study participants. The lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were also analysed.

Results:

Peripheral systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P = 0.05) in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was evident in T2DM patients. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was also significantly higher in T2DM patients. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between AIx% with PBP and CBP as well as between AIP index and central systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. AIP index was found to be negatively associated with HF (nu). Serum TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and AIP index have emerged as significant independent predictors of T2DM vasculopathy by multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion:

In the present study, atherogenic dyslipidaemia was observed in T2DM patients in combination with increased serum levels of TG, VLDL-C and decreased serum levels of HDL-C. Moreover, AIP index, a predictor cardiovascular risk, was found to be significantly higher in T2DM patients. Dyslipidaemia was found to be associated with dysregulation of autonomic nervous system in those patients. A positive association between noninvasive, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness with PBP and CBP indicates that enhanced arterial stiffness may elevate systemic arterial pressure. Therefore, early screening of T2DM patients for the estimation of serum lipid profile, arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy may be performed to unravel diabetic vasculopathy.
Operando Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy to Detect Short-lived Intermediates in Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Pérez-Ramírez Javier , Van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Bodi Andras , Hemberger Patrick
Published: March 2023

Understanding the reaction mechanism is critical yet challenging in heterogeneous catalysis. Reactive intermediates, e.g., radicals and ketenes, are short-lived and often evade detection. In this review, we summarize recent developments with operando photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy as a versatile tool capable of detecting elusive intermediates. PEPICO combines the advantages of mass spectrometry and the isomer-selectivity of threshold photoelectron spectroscopy. Recent applications of PEPICO in understanding catalyst synthesis and catalytic reaction mechanisms involving gaseous and surface-confined radical and ketene chemistry will be summarized.
ON SIGNIFICANCE OF EXPANDING THE TASKS OF OPERATIONAL SEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Ахмедов А.Г.
Published: March 2023

Исследуются вопросы, связанные с проведением оперативно-розыскных мероприятий, направленных на оперативно-розыскное обеспечение расширенной задачи оперативно-розыскной деятельности. Указаны имеющиеся недостатки в деятельности оперативных подразделений и предложены примеры их решения с учетом опыта зарубежных стран.

The article deals with relevant issues related to operational-search activities aimed at operational and investigative support of the expanded task of police operations. Shortcoming in operative units activities are defined therein with their solution examples based on foreign experience being proposed.
A simple and consistent quantum-chemical fragmentation scheme for proteins that includes two-body contributions
Authors: Vornweg Johannes R. , Wolter Mario , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: March 2023

The Molecular Fractionation with Conjugate Caps (MFCC) method is a popular fragmentation method for the quantum-chemical treatment of proteins. However, it does not account for interactions between the amino acid fragments, such as intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Here, we present a combination of the MFCC fragmentation scheme with a second-order many-body expansion (MBE) that consistently accounts for all fragment--fragment, fragment--cap, and cap--cap interactions, while retaining the overall simplicity of the MFCC scheme with its chemically meaningful fragments. We show that with the resulting MFCC-MBE(2) scheme, the errors in the total energies of selected polypeptides and proteins can be reduced by up to one order of magnitude and relative energies of different protein conformers can be predicted accurately.
Multimodal and Dynamic Cross-Linking of Modular Thiolated Alginate-Based Bioinks
Authors: Naeimipour Sajjad , Rasti Boroojeni Fatemeh , Lifwergren Philip , Selegård Robert , Aili Daniel
Published: March 2023

Engineered extracellular matrix-mimicking hydrogels can facilitate 3D cell culture and fabrication of tissue-like constructs and biologically relevant disease models. Processing of cell-laden hydrogels using additive manufacturing techniques further allows for the development of tissue-mimetic structures with higher spatial complexity. Whereas a wide range of printable hydrogels is available, they tend to lack biological functionality and cell compatibility. Here we show an enzymatically mediated thiol-based cross-linking strategy for the design of modular and cytocompatible hydrogel-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting of dynamic multi-material architectures. Alginate is functionalized with cysteines modified with an enzyme-labile thiol protection group. Deprotection using penicillin G acylase (PGA) generates free thiols on-demand, enabling hydrogel cross-linking using thiol-reactive cross-linkers and intramolecular disulfides while avoiding undesired and uncontrolled thiol oxidation. Remaining free thiols can be used for post-printing hydrogel functionalization and lamination of multilayer structures. Moreover, the addition of PGA to a thermo-reversible hydrogel support bath enables the bioprinting of cell-laden 3D structures with high cell viability and excellent shape fidelity. The possibilities to enzymatically generate free thiols during bioprinting facilitate cross-linking and tuning of bioink properties using cytocompatible chemistries and allow for the printing of complex and dynamic cell-laden structures.
Metal-Ligand Tautomerism, Electron-Transfer, and C(sp3)-H Activation by a 4 Pyridinyl-Pincer Iridium Hydride Complex
Authors: Bhatti Tariq , Kumar Akshai , Parihar Ashish , Emge Thomas , Hasanayn Faraj , Goldman Alan
Published: March 2023

The para-N-pyridyl-based PCP pincer ligand 3,5-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine (pN-tBuPCP-H) was synthesized and metalated to give the iridium complex (pN tBuPCP)IrHCl (2-H). In marked contrast with its phenyl-based congeners (tBuPCP)IrHCl and derivatives, 2-H is highly air sensitive and reacts with oxidants such as ferrocenium, trityl cation, and benzoquinone. These oxidations ultimately lead to intramolecular activation of a phosphino-t-butyl C(sp3)-H bond and cyclometalation. Considering the greater electronegativity of N than C, 2-H is expected to be less easily oxidized than simple PCP derivatives; DFT calculations of direct one-electron oxidations are in good agreement with this expectation. However, 2-H is calculated to undergo metal-ligand-proton tautomerism (MLPT) to give an N-protonated complex that can be described with resonance forms representing a zwitterionic complex (negative charge on Ir) and a p-N-pyridylidene (remote NHC) Ir(I) complex. One-electron oxidation of this tautomer is calculated to be dramatically more favorable than direct oxidation of 2-H (G° = 31.3 kcal/mol). The resulting Ir(II) oxidation product is easily deprotonated to give metalloradical 2• which is observed by NMR spectroscopy. 2• can be further oxidized to give cationic Ir(III) complex, 2+, which can oxidatively add a phosphino-t butyl C-H bond, and undergo deprotonation to give the observed cyclometalated product. DFT calculations indicate that less sterically hindered complexes would preferentially undergo intermolecular addition of C(sp3)-H bonds, for example, of n alkanes. The resulting iridium alkyl complexes could undergo facile -H elimination to afford olefin, thereby completing a catalytic cycle for alkane dehydrogenation that is driven by one-electron oxidation and deprotonation, enabled by MLPT.
Computing vibrational spectra using a new collocation method with a pruned basis and more points than basis functions: avoiding quadrature
Authors: Simmons Jesse , CARRINGTON Tucker
Published: March 2023

We present a new collocation method for computing the vibrational spectrum of a polyatomic molecule. Some form of quadrature or collocation is necessary when the potential energy surface does not have a simple form that simplifies the calculation of the potential matrix elements required to do a variational calculation. With quadrature, better accuracy is obtained by using more points than basis functions. To achieve the same advantage with collocation, we introduce a collocation method with more points than basis functions. Critically important, the method can be used with a large basis because it is incorporated into an iterative eigensolver. Previous collocation methods with more points than functions were incompatible with iterative eigensolvers. We test the new ideas by computing energy levels of molecules with as many as 6 atoms. We use pruned bases, but expect the new method to be advantageous whenever one uses a basis for which it is not possible to find an accurate quadrature with about as many points as there are basis functions. For our test molecules, accurate energy levels are obtained even using non-optimal, simple, equally spaced points.