bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Užice urban development in the 18th and early 19th century
Authors: Kuzović Duško
Published: February 2016

During the first half of the 19th century in Užice began a gradual strengthening of the Christian part of the settlement, and after a series of conflicts Muslim part of the city gradually decreased, until it eventually disappeared in 1863. After liberation oriental city continued to exist with all principles and divisions until the adoption of the new plan in 1863. Only reliable geodetic testimony about this city is the current state of the central part of the town for the purposes of the Regulatory Plan, which was recorded by an engineer named Emanuel Schefel in 1863. With that plan for the reconstruction of the city, all traces of oriental in urban fabric of Užice will be erased. City's population wanted to remove oriental period of the development as fast as possible, but it was not easily realized. After the reconstruction of streets, blocks, new rules of construction on the plot, new materials, new forms and so, ancient Oriental city is preserved in the place names of certain parts of the village, also called old mahala, which are used to this day (Rosulje, Pašinovac, Megdan, Međaj, Lipa, Carina, Terazije, Kostica etc.). It can even be said that the laws of the former mahala were authoritative in determining the neighborhood unit rather than the streets, until the end of the 20th century. The functional layout of the village of oriental city has retained to this day: the center is the site of the bazaar and the residential blocks are arranged in places of the mahalas. Tracks from oriental city streets during reconstruction are largely retained, except for being corrected and enlarged. Such an act mostly conditioned the arrangement of the plots purchased by the populace who left town in 1863. Their position influenced the shape of the new city blocks dragging their impact even to the shape of plots, the basics of the facilities and the organization of the apartments. The modern method of construction of the facilities (Neighborhood assistance) and approach to construction (as resources permit, during several years) indicate that the oriental city provides its long roots to the present day. Weather the traces are deleted or modified and fitted in a modern way of life, Oriental city in modern Užice still exists.
The war veteran identity
Authors: Marković-Savić Olivera
Published: February 2016

The paper discusses how war veterans perceive themselves and how they answer the question 'Who am I?'. War veterans face many challenges in the process of re-socialization from a state of war and war traumatization to a peacetime society. There are several reasons why their re-socialization is a slow process: the first one is that a war engagement is in itself a highly stressful situation which carries traumas of different degrees, the other reason is the changed system of values in relation to war engagement. Namely, at the time they went to war, they had a strong social support, but at the time of their return and today this support is lost to the point of judgment. And the third reason which limits their re-socialization is the situation of social transition they found on their return from war, which specifically means that a large percentage of the population in general, and thus the war veterans after returning from the war, lost their jobs, creating a large social group of 'transition losers'. Such a condition often generates an identity crisis. This set of socio-cultural circumstances together with the ontological insecurity carried by war trauma generate an identity crisis, which is manifested among the respondents in nihilistic answers when responding to questions about their own personality. Studying the identity of war veterans, it was found that a strong attachment to the veteran identity is dominant. In fact, this paper discusses the different ways in which this attachment is refracted in the personality and identity of subjects, from negative attitudes to the pride in belonging to a group of war veterans and personal fulfillment in the activism in associations of war participants.
Memories of Serbian victims under Bulgarian occupation in Leskovački glasnik (1915-1918)
Authors: Antić Dejan
Published: February 2016

The Serbian army was forced to retreat towards Metohija and Albania eventually due to the armed aggression and attacks from the north and east in October 1915 by the united forces of the German and Austro-Hungarian units against the Kingdom of Serbia. Together with the army, the monarch, executive and legislative branch, intellectuals and civilians also retreated, not wanting to fall in the hands of the incoming army formations of the Central Powers. Following the retreat of the government and army bodies, the territory of the Kingdom of Serbia found itself under the control of the enemy forces, which started the 3-year period of occupation. The subject of this paper are the texts written by the newspaper called Leskovački glasnik (Leskovac Messenger) in the period between World War I and World War II, which dealt with the sufferings of the Serbian civilians in the Bulgarian occupied zone from 1915 to 1918. Special attention is paid to the Leskovački glasnik's reports about marking the anniversary of the Bulgarian terror and killings of Serbs, about opening and consecration of memorials, about the heroic deeds and the tragic destiny of the people in south Serbia.
Meaning and importance of management in education
Authors: Đurić Igor
Published: February 2016

Rapid socio-economic changes taking place in the modern world impose the need for a new and deeper reflection on the meaning and importance of management in education. Development of management as a scientific field determines the future direction of development of economic organizations, which prompted the need to examine the possibilities of its application in the field of education. This way, the importance of the pedagogical and andragogical aspects is being particularly emphasized, which is caused by the knowledge that people today are the most important resource of educational institutions and an important reason for their prosperity. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of efficient management of human capital, which most directly determines the development and competitive ability of educational institutions. The results show that the principles that management as a scientific discipline is based on, are becoming more and more acceptable in the field of education, which raises the need for deeper theoretical and empirical studies.
Parcellation as a stylistic dominant characteristic in the novel Nigdina by Svetlana Velmar Janković
Authors: Mimović Milica
Published: February 2016

The subject of this research is parcellation as a stylistic dominant characteristic in the novel 'Nigdina' by Svetlana Velmar Janković, and also as the means of expression which is superior in regard to the other linguistic procedures. Considering the aim of syntactic-stylistic analysis in this paper, the examples were divided according to their syntactic functions identifying and interpreting syntactic structures that change word order, and simultaneously point out stylistic marking of the parcellated structure. The most frequent structures are the ones with parcellated positions of adjuncts. Adverbs and constructions with prepositions and case are comparably found in these syntactic positions. Moreover, the most frequent are adjuncts for the parcellation of syntactic position, then intonational and positional emphasis of apposition, and finally the parcellation of elements such as object, subject and an attributive. In conclusion, this procedure of making syntactic units independent, their frequency and superiority to the other stylistic procedures, contribute to the style of this novel, and point out parcellation as a dominant stylistic characteristic of this novel.
Sex difference in pathology of the ageing gut mediates the greater response of female lifespan to dietary restriction
Authors: Regan Jennifer C , Khericha Mobina , Dobson Adam J , Bolukbasi Ekin , Rattanavirotkul Nattaphong , Partridge Linda
Published: February 2016

Women live on average longer than men but have greater levels of late-life morbidity. We have uncovered a substantial sex difference in the pathology of the aging gut in Drosophila. The intestinal epithelium of the aging female undergoes major deterioration, driven by intestinal stem cell (ISC) division, while lower ISC activity in males associates with delay or absence of pathology, and better barrier function, even at old ages. Males succumb to intestinal challenges to which females are resistant, associated with fewer proliferating ISCs, suggesting a trade-off between highly active repair mechanisms and late-life pathology in females. Dietary restriction reduces gut pathology in aging females, and extends female lifespan more than male. By genetic sex reversal of a specific gut region, we induced female-like aging pathologies in males, associated with decreased lifespan, but also with a greater increase in longevity in response to dietary restriction.
Growth of high-strength protein crystals with nanofibers
Authors: Matsuoka Miki , Kakinouchi Keisuke , Adachi Hiroaki , Maruyama Mihoko , Sugiyama Shigeru , Nakabayashi Iori , Tsuchikura Hiroshi , Kuwahara Atsushi , Sano Satoshi , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y. , Takahashi Yoshinori , Yoshimura Masashi , Matsumura Hiroyoshi , Murakami Satoshi , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Mori Yusuke , Takano Kazufumi
Published: February 2016

Here, we present a novel method of growing protein crystals with nanofibers. Protein crystals were grown by incorporating nanofibers. No obvious differences were observed in diffraction data between fiber-containing and as-grown crystals. The fiber-containing crystals displayed an increased tolerance to osmotic shock caused by soaking in 25% ethanol or 40% dimethyl sulfoxide. This means that the method allowed us to easily increase the crystal mechanical stability. Because the method is very simple, it will provide a variety of possibilities for protein crystallization.
Improving the peer-review process and editorial quality: key errors escaping the review and editorial process in top scientific journals
Authors: Margalida Antoni , Colomer Mª Àngels
Published: February 2016

We apply a novel mistake index to assess trends in the proportion of corrections published between 1993 and 2014 inNature,Scienceand PNAS. The index revealed a progressive increase in the proportion of corrections published in these three high-quality journals. The index appears to be independent of the journal impact factor or the number of items published, as suggested by a comparative analyses among 16 top scientific journals of different impact factors and disciplines. A more detailed analysis suggests that the trend in the time-to-correction increased significantly over time and also differed among journals (Nature233 days;Science136 days; PNAS 232 days). A detailed review of 1,428 errors showed that 60% of corrections were related to figures, authors, references or results. According to the three categories established, 34.7% of the corrections were consideredmild, 47.7%moderateand 17.6%severe,also differing among journals. Errors occurring during the printing process were responsible for 5% of corrections inNature, 3% inScienceand 18% in PNAS. The measurement of the temporal trends in the quality of scientific manuscripts can assist editors and reviewers in identifying the most common mistakes, increasing the rigor of peer-review and improving the quality of published scientific manuscripts.
Molecular phylogenetics reveals a new species of Prostanthera from tropical Queensland with links to more southerly taxa
Authors: Conn Barry John , Henwood Murray J , Proft Kirstin M , Wilson Trevor C
Published: February 2016

Prostanthera eungella B.J.Conn & K.M.Proft (Lamiaceae) is described as a new species from the South Kennedy botanical region of northern Queensland. Concatenated nuclear (ETS) and chloroplast (trnH–psbA) sequence data for 38 species of Prostanthera were analysed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian-inference methods. These combined data recovered P. eungella as part of a polytomy that included P. galbraithiae, P. howelliae¸ and a P. tallowa + P. lasianthos clade. A detailed description, photograph of holotype specimen, and distribution map of P. eungella are provided.
Numerical model predictions of autogenic fluvial terraces and comparison to climate change expectations
Authors: Limaye Ajay B. S. , Lamb Michael P.
Published: February 2016

Terraces eroded into sediment (alluvial) and bedrock (strath) preserve an important history of river activity. River terraces are thought to form when a river switches from a period of slow vertical incision and valley widening to fast vertical incision and terrace abandonment. Consequently, terraces are often interpreted to reflect changing external drivers including tectonics, sea level, and climate. In contrast, the intrinsic unsteadiness of lateral migration in rivers may generate terraces even under constant rates of vertical incision without external forcing. To explore this mechanism, we simulate landscape evolution by a vertically incising, meandering river and isolate the age and geometry of autogenic river terraces. Modeled autogenic terraces form for a wide range of lateral and vertical incision rates and are often paired and longitudinally extensive for intermediate ratios of vertical‐to‐lateral erosion rate. Autogenic terraces have a characteristic reoccurrence time that scales with the time for relief generation. There is a preservation bias against older terraces due to reworking of previously visited parts of the valley. Evolving, spatial differences in bank strength between bedrock and sediment reduce terrace formation frequency and length, favor pairing, and can explain sublinear terrace margins at valley boundaries. Age differences and geometries for modeled autogenic terraces are consistent, in cases, with natural terraces and overlap with metrics commonly attributed to terrace formation due to climate change. We suggest a new phase space of terrace properties that may allow differentiation of autogenic terraces from terraces formed by external drivers.
Bias reduction in decadal predictions of West African monsoon rainfall using regional climate models
Authors: Paxian A. , Sein D. , Panitz H.‐J. , Warscher M. , Breil M. , Engel T. , Tödter J. , Krause A. , Cabos Narvaez W. D. , Fink A. H. , Ahrens B. , Kunstmann H. , Jacob D. , Paeth H.
Published: February 2016

The West African monsoon rainfall is essential for regional food production, and decadal predictions are necessary for policy makers and farmers. However, predictions with global climate models reveal precipitation biases. This study addresses the hypotheses that global prediction biases can be reduced by dynamical downscaling with a multimodel ensemble of three regional climate models (RCMs), a RCM coupled to a global ocean model and a RCM applying more realistic soil initialization and boundary conditions, i.e., aerosols, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), vegetation, and land cover. Numerous RCM predictions have been performed with REMO, COSMO‐CLM (CCLM), and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) in various versions and for different decades. Global predictions reveal typical positive and negative biases over the Guinea Coast and the Sahel, respectively, related to a southward shifted Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and a positive tropical Atlantic SST bias. These rainfall biases are reduced by some regional predictions in the Sahel but aggravated by all RCMs over the Guinea Coast, resulting from the inherited SST bias, increased westerlies and evaporation over the tropical Atlantic and shifted African easterly waves. The coupled regional predictions simulate high‐resolution atmosphere‐ocean interactions strongly improving the SST bias, the ITCZ shift and the Guinea Coast and Central Sahel precipitation biases. Some added values in rainfall bias are found for more realistic SST and land cover boundary conditions over the Guinea Coast and improved vegetation in the Central Sahel. Thus, the ability of RCMs and improved boundary conditions to reduce rainfall biases for climate impact research depends on the considered West African region.
Partitioning evapotranspiration based on the concept of underlying water use efficiency
Authors: Zhou Sha , Yu Bofu , Zhang Yao , Huang Yuefei , Wang Guangqian
Published: February 2016

Evapotranspiration (ET) is dominated by transpiration (T) in the terrestrial water cycle. However, continuous measurement of transpiration is still difficult, and the effect of vegetation on ET partitioning is unclear. The concept of underlying water use efficiency (uWUE) was used to develop a new method for ET partitioning by assuming that the maximum, or the potential uWUE is related to T while the averaged or apparent uWUE is related to ET. T/ET was thus estimated as the ratio of the apparent over the potential uWUE using half‐hourly flux data from 17 AmeriFlux sites. The estimated potential uWUE was shown to be essentially constant for 14 of the 17 sites, and was broadly consistent with the uWUE evaluated at the leaf scale. The annual T/ET was the highest for croplands, i.e., 0.69 for corn and 0.62 for soybean, followed by grasslands (0.60) and evergreen needle leaf forests (0.56), and was the lowest for deciduous broadleaf forests (0.52). The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was shown to be significantly correlated with T/ET and could explain about 75% of the variation in T/ET among the 71 site‐years. The coefficients of determination between EVI and T/ET were 0.84 and 0.82 for corn and soybean, respectively, and 0.77 for deciduous broadleaf forests and grasslands, but only 0.37 for evergreen needle leaf forests. This ET partitioning method is sound in principle and simple to apply in practice, and would enhance the value and role of global FLUXNET in estimating T/ET variations and monitoring ecosystem dynamics.
Derivation of Human Skin Fibroblast Lines for Feeder Cells of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Unger Christian , Felldin Ulrika , Rodin Sergey , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Dilber Sirac , Hovatta Outi
Published: February 2016

After the first derivations of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines on fetal mouse feeder cell layers, the idea of using human cells instead of mouse cells as feeder cells soon arose. Mouse cells bear a risk of microbial contamination, and nonhuman immunogenic proteins are absorbed from the feeders to hESCs. Human skin fibroblasts can be effectively used as feeder cells for hESCs. The same primary cell line, which can be safely used for up to 15 passages after stock preparations, can be expanded and used for large numbers of hESC derivations and cultures. These cells are relatively easy to handle and maintain. No animal facilities or animal work is needed. Here, we describe the derivation, culture, and cryopreservation procedures for research‐grade human skin fibroblast lines. We also describe how to make feeder layers for hESCs using these fibroblasts. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
HT‐SPOTi: A Rapid Drug Susceptibility Test (DST) to Evaluate Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Novel Chemicals for Anti‐Infective Drug Discovery
Authors: Danquah Cynthia A. , Maitra Arundhati , Gibbons Simon , Faull Jane , Bhakta Sanjib
Published: February 2016

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major threats to global health and well‐being. The past decade has seen an alarming rise in the evolution and spread of drug‐resistant strains of pathogenic microbes. The emergence of extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance among the ESKAPE (
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nterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
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nterobacter species) as well as fungal pathogens (such as certain species of Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Trichophyton) poses a significant 21st century scientific challenge. With an extremely limited arsenal of efficacious antibiotics, techniques that can (a) identify novel antimicrobials and (b) detect antimicrobial resistance are becoming increasingly important. In this article, we illustrate the HT‐SPOTi, an assay that is principally based on the growth of an organism on agar medium containing a range of different concentrations of drugs or inhibitors. The simple methodology makes this assay ideal for evaluating novel antimicrobial compounds as well as profiling an organism's antibiotic resistance profile. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Output outlier robust state estimation
Authors: De Palma Daniela , Indiveri Giovanni
Published: February 2016

This work addresses state estimation in presence of outliers in observed data. Outlying data and measurements have a most relevant impact in many control and signal processing applications including marine systems related ones: underwater navigation systems exploiting acoustic data, for example, are frequently affected by outlying measurements. Other on‐board sensors and devices are likely to produce measurements contaminated by outlier because of the harsh operating conditions of marine systems. Given the general interest for dealing with measurement outliers in a number of applications, this paper describes a state estimation solution exhibiting robustness to output outliers. The system model is assumed to be linear (either time varying or time invariant) discrete time. The proposed observer is designed by extending an outlier robust static parameter identification algorithm to the case of a linear dynamic plant. The designed estimator has a predictor/corrector structure like the Kalman filter and the Luenberger observer. Simulation and experimental results are provided illustrating the robustness of the derived solution to measurement outliers as compared with the Kalman filter. The proposed solution is also compared with alternative outlier robust state estimation filters showing its effectiveness, in particular, in the presence of measurements outliers occurring in a consecutive sequence. Because of its deterministic execution time and limited numerical complexity, the proposed state estimator can be readily applied in real‐time applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of Biological Organisms Using Functional Material Shells
Authors: Liu Zhaoming , Xu Xurong , Tang Ruikang
Published: February 2016

Biomineralization brings inorganic materials into biological organisms and it plays an important role in natural evolution. Inspired by biomineralized eggs and diatoms with protective shell structures, scientists have artificially endowed organisms with functional materials. The resulting organism–material hybrids become more robust and even evolve new functions. This feature article reviews recent achievements of organism improvements by various material shells and related applications in cell protection, storage, thermal stability, biological stealth, photosynthesis and biocatalysis, etc. Different from the previous understanding of biomineralization, the regulation effects of materials on organism functions are highlighted in these biomineralization‐inspired biological improvements, which present an artificial evolution strategy by using material techniques. We suggest that rationally designed organism–materials with optimized functions can shed light on solving global problems such as energy crisis and environmental pollution, as well as on improving medical treatment and intricate material designing. More generally, the studies of material‐based organism improvement can combine biological and material sciences together for a closer integration.
Ionic Liquid Activation of Amorphous Metal‐Oxide Semiconductors for Flexible Transparent Electronic Devices
Authors: Pudasaini Pushpa Raj , Noh Joo Hyon , Wong Anthony T. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Haglund Amanda V. , Dai Sheng , Ward Thomas Zac , Mandrus David , Rack Philip D.
Published: February 2016

Amorphous metal‐oxide semiconductors offer the high carrier mobilities and excellent large‐area uniformity required for high performance, transparent, flexible electronic devices; however, a critical bottleneck to their widespread implementation is the need to activate these materials at high temperatures which are not compatible with flexible polymer substrates. The highly controllable activation of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide semiconductor channels using ionic liquid gating at room temperature is reported. Activation is controlled by electric field‐induced oxygen migration across the ionic liquid‐semiconductor interface. In addition to activation of unannealed devices, it is shown that threshold voltages of a transistor can be linearly tuned between the enhancement and depletion modes. Finally, the first ever example of transparent flexible thin film metal oxide transistor on a polyamide substrate created using this simple technique is demonstrated. This study demonstrates the potential of field‐induced activation as a promising alternative to traditional postdeposition thermal annealing which opens the door to wide scale implementation into flexible electronic applications.
Strongly Enhanced Long‐Lived Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence Based on the Formation of Metal–Organic Hybrids
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Yan Dongpeng
Published: February 2016

Molecule‐based solid‐state materials with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are playing an increasingly important role in developing optical sensors, security systems, and biological imaging. However, molecular systems involving long‐lived persistent RTP are still rare to date, which has limited the efficiently luminescent recognition and identification. Herein, it is illustrated that the RTP properties of molecular phosphors can be highly enhanced based on coordination interaction with common metal (such as Zn2+). These molecule–metal hybrids present tunable afterglow phosphorescence by adjusting metal species and stacking fashions of molecular units, with the longest RTP lifetime of 1.3 s. Such long‐lived persistent emission decay is higher than most of currently reported molecule‐based and molecule–metal solid‐state RTP systems. Moreover, the reversible phosphorescence transformation under different pH and heat conditions can be further switched and recycled. This work therefore offers a cost‐effective and facile way to achieve high‐performance RTP metal‐organic hybrid materials, which could serve as promising candidates for noble‐metal‐free and rare‐earth‐free phosphors in illumination and sensor applications.
Brook/Elimination/Aldol Reaction Sequence for the Direct One‐Pot Preparation of Difluorinated Aldols from (Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane and Acylsilanes
Authors: Decostanzi Mélanie , Godemert Jérémy , Oudeyer Sylvain , Levacher Vincent , Campagne Jean‐Marc , Leclerc Eric
Published: February 2016

A methodology allowing the one‐pot preparation of difluorinated aldols directly from Ruppert–Prakash reagent, acyltrimethylsilanes and aldehydes is reported. The process, initiated by a catalytic amount of an ammonium salt, involves the addition of (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane to the acylsilane, followed by a Brook rearrangement and elimination of a fluoride anion that promotes the subsequent aldol reaction. An efficient racemic reaction catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate is described, as well as our first efforts towards an asymmetric version.

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Infusion of CD3/CD28 costimulated umbilical cord blood T cells at the time of single umbilical cord blood transplantation may enhance engraftment
Authors: Hexner Elizabeth O. , Luger Selina M. , Reshef Ran , Jeschke Grace R. , Mangan James K. , Frey Noelle V. , Frank Dale M. , Richman Lee P. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Aqui Nicole A. , Rosenbach Misha , Zhang Yi , Chew Anne , Loren Alison W. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Emerson Stephen G. , Porter David L.
Published: February 2016

Limited cell numbers in umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts present a major impediment to favorable outcomes in adult transplantation, largely related to delayed or failed engraftment. The advent of UCB transplantation (UCBT) using two grafts successfully circumvents this obstacle, despite the engraftment of only one unit. Preclinical models suggested that the addition of UCB T cells at the time of transplant can enhance engraftment. We tested whether ex vivo activation by CD3/CD28 costimulation and expansion of T cells from a single UCB graft would be safe and feasible in adults with advanced hematologic malignancies, with an overall objective of optimizing engraftment in single unit UCBT. In this phase 1 study, recipients of single UCB units were eligible if the unit was stored in two adequate fractions. Dose limiting toxicity was defined as grade 3 or grade 4 GVHD within 90 days of UCBT. Four patients underwent UCBT; all were treated at the first dose level (105cells/kg). At the 105cells/kg dose level two subjects experienced grade 3 intestinal GVHD, thus meeting stopping criteria. For three subjects, neutrophil engraftment was early (12, 17, and 20 days), while one subject experienced primary graft failure. We observed early donor T cell trafficking and found that expanded T cells produced supraphysiologic levels of cytokines relevant to engraftment and to lymphoid differentiation and function. Taken together, these preliminary data suggest rapid engraftment in recipients of a single UCBT combined with relatively low doses of activated T cells, though potentially complicated by severe GVHD. Am. J. Hematol. 91:453–460, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of hypophosphatemic rickets in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) without worsening of vascular calcification
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R. , Ziegler Shira G. , Gupta Ashutosh , Groden Catherine , Hsu Kevin S. , Gahl William A.
Published: February 2016

Patients with generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) develop vascular calcifications early in life. About half of them die within the first 6 months despite optimal medical care. A subset of those who survive eventually develop hypophosphatemic rickets. Since hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphaturia have been previously associated with increased survival in GACI patients, physicians often avoid phosphate repletion as treatment for rickets. As a consequence, GACI patients develop severe rachitic complications such as short stature and skeletal deformities. It appears that the recognition of hypophosphatemia later in life in some GACI patients is a consequence of having survived the first few months of life, and not the cause of their survival per se. Here, we report the long‐term follow‐up of a GACI patient who was phosphate‐repleted for his rickets for more than 7 years without worsening of vascular calcification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dermatologic findings of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome)
Authors: Bree Alanna F. , Grange Dorothy K. , Hicks M. John , Goltz Robert W.
Published: February 2016

Goltz syndrome, caused by mutations in PORCN, is an X‐linked dominant ectodermal dysplasia which is also known as focal dermal hypoplasia. This name is derived from the predominant pathologic skin findings of the syndrome. Nineteen Goltz‐affected participants attended a multidisciplinary scientific and clinical conference convened by the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasia which allowed further characterization of the features of this very rare condition. At birth, the affected areas of skin are typically erythematous and fragile. The hallmark cutaneous features, which vary widely due to mosacism and X‐inactivation, include the previously described skin changes of asymmetric Blaschko‐linear and reticulated atrophy, pigmentary changes, and telangectasias. Lipomatous changes and papillomas as characteristically defined were reported in the majority of patients. A newly recognized skin finding was progressive hyperpigmented freckling that occurred within the hypopigmented areas which were noted to be photosensitive. Many patients also had a pebbly texture to the central face, dorsal hands and feet. Punctate erosions within the atrophic areas and hypohidrosis were also common. Most had patchy alopecia and many had diffusely thin hair. Scanning electron microscopy of the hair shafts revealed abnormalities in the majority of participants with several different features identified, including atrophic hairs with reduced diameters, markedly flattened hairs as noted in cross‐sectional views, trichorrhexis nodosa, pili torti, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Nail changes included V‐nicking and longitudinal ridging of the nail plate, in addition to micronychia. Early recognition of the dermatologic features, in addition to the variable but universal limb anomalies, of Goltz syndrome will allow early and accurate diagnosis without the need for extensive diagnostic studies, while also allowing for accurate prognosis and appropriate genetic counseling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Clinicogenetic lessons from 608 patients
Authors: Schüle Rebecca , Wiethoff Sarah , Martus Peter , Karle Kathrin N. , Otto Susanne , Klebe Stephan , Klimpe Sven , Gallenmüller Constanze , Kurzwelly Delia , Henkel Dorothea , Rimmele Florian , Stolze Henning , Kohl Zacharias , Kassubek Jan , Klockgether Thomas , Vielhaber Stefan , Kamm Christoph , Klopstock Thomas , Bauer Peter , Züchner Stephan , Liepelt‐Scarfone Inga , Schöls Ludger
Published: February 2016

Objective

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically driven disorders with the hallmark of progressive spastic gait disturbance. To investigate the phenotypic spectrum, prognostic factors, and genotype‐specific differences, we analyzed baseline data from a continuous, prospective cohort.

Methods

We recruited 608 HSP cases from 519 families of mostly German origin. Clinical severity was assessed by the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale. Complicating symptoms were recorded by a standardized inventory.

Results

Family history indicated dominant (43%), recessive (10%), and simplex (47%) disease. We observed a significant male predominance, particularly in simplex cases without a genetic diagnosis. Disease severity increased with disease duration. Earlier disease onset was associated with less severe disease. Specific complicating features including cognitive impairment, extrapyramidal or peripheral motor involvement, and ataxia were associated with worse disease severity. Disease severity also depended on the genotype. HSP cases maintained the ability to walk independently for a median disease duration of 22 years. Early onset cases were able to maintain free walking significantly longer and were at less risk to become wheelchair dependent.

Interpretation

This cross‐sectional cohort study provides the first large‐scale data on disease manifestation, progression, and modifying factors, with relevance for counseling of HSP families and planning of future cross‐sectional and natural history studies. Later age of onset, specific complicating features, and the SPG11 genotype are strongly associated with more severe disease. Future interventional studies will require stratification for modifiers of disease progression identified in this study. Prospective longitudinal studies will verify progression rates calculated in this baseline analysis. Ann Neurol 2016;79:646–658
Pd(II) complexes of N(4)‐substituted phenylaminoacetohydrazone and biacetylmonooxime: synthesis, characterization, structures and catalytic behaviour towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions
Authors: Netalkar Sandeep P. , Netalkar Priya P. , Nevrekar Anupama A. , Revankar Vidyanand K.
Published: February 2016

The reaction of [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] and N(4)‐substituted phenylaminoacetohydrazone ligands (LH) in methanol at room temperature afforded air‐ and moisture‐stable palladium(II) complexes of two types with general formulae [Pd(LH)Cl] and [Pd2(LH)(L)]Cl. An unusual coordination mode of ligand LH is observed, in which the ligand coordinates through N(4)H nitrogen and without enolization of the carbonyl group of the hydrazone moiety in both mono‐ and bimetallic complexes. The crystal structure of the complexes reveals that the oxime LH reacts with [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] presumably via the elimination of HCl from hydrazine NH. All the synthesized Pd(II) complexes were evaluated as catalysts in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides, activated 4‐bromoacetophenone and non‐activated bromobenzene, with phenylboronic acid in aqueous medium. In both cases, i.e. with activated and non‐activated aryl halides, all the complexes show moderate conversion leading to biaryls with yields in the range 50–65%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydroformylation of 2,5‐norbornadiene in organic/aqueous two‐phase system and acceleration by cationic surfactants
Authors: Yang Xi , Liang Haoran , Fu Haiyan , Zheng Xueli , Yuan Maolin , Li Ruixiang , Chen Hua
Published: February 2016

The organic/aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD) was investigated for the first time using HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3 (TPPTS: trisodium salt of tri(m‐sulphonylphenyl)phosphine) as the catalyst precursor. A comparison was made of homogeneous and biphasic systems. The optimum reaction parameters are discussed and the reaction mechanism is presented. In order to ensure the process attained high activity under moderate conditions, the effect of various cationic surfactants was tested in the biphasic hydroformylation of NBD. The results indicated that the hydroformylation of NBD in the biphasic system exhibited high activity and high selectivity to dialdehyde products under mild conditions. The addition of cationic surfactants markedly accelerated the reaction. A single long‐chain surfactant seemed to exert a greater impact on the hydroformylation of NBD than a double long‐chain surfactant. Moreover, the recycling of aqueous solution containing catalyst with or without surfactant was investigated. In the absence of the surfactant, the aqueous catalyst could be recycled six times without a significant decrease in activity and selectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeation of fertilizer nutrients through polymer membrane: part I. Effect of P, K, and micronutrient fertilizer on permeability of urea
Authors: Li Xing , Bei Lei , Sun Zhi , Liu Kun , Zhang Xu , Han Xiaozhao
Published: February 2016

The study aimed at investigating the addition effects of P, K, and micronutrient fertilizers on the permeability of N‐nutrient fertilizer urea through a representative polymer membrane, which is of great importance in polymer‐coated compound fertilizer. Specifically, the permeability of urea through polystyrene membrane was determined experimentally at the nominal temperature of 298 K using the Ussing chamber method for fertilizer solutions of urea–water, urea–NaH2PO4–water, urea–Ca(H2PO4)2–water, urea–KCl–water, and urea–NaCl–water. The experimental data showed that the addition effects of NaH2PO4, KCl, and NaCl on urea permeability were pronounced and could be promotion or suppression depending on the amounts added. The variation of urea permeability with additive concentration could be explained by the ‘solution–diffusion’ model, suggesting that the specific intermolecular and interionic interactions in the permeation solution were an important factor determining the permeability. Using the saturated urea–water solution as basis, the addition of saturated KCl increased the urea permeability by 2.5 times, while the addition of saturated Ca(H2PO4)2 and NaH2PO4 decreased the permeability by 41% and 76%, respectively. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐grafted‐cellulose nanocrystals mats produced by electrospinning
Authors: Bellani Caroline F. , Pollet Eric , Hebraud Anne , Pereira Fabiano V. , Schlatter Guy , Avérous Luc , Bretas Rosario E. S. , Branciforti Marcia C.
Published: February 2016

Electrospun nanocomposites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) incorporated with PCL‐grafted cellulose nanocrystals (PCL‐g‐CNC) were produced. PCL chains were grafted from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) surface by ring‐opening polymerization. Grafting was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The resulting PCL‐g‐CNC were then incorporated into a PCL matrix at various loadings. Homogeneous nanofibers with average diameter decreasing with the addition of PCL‐g‐CNC were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PCL‐g‐CNC domains incorporated into the PCL matrix were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal and mechanical properties of the mats were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The addition of PCL‐g‐CNC into the PCL matrix caused changes in the thermal behavior and crystallinity of the electrospun fibers. Significant improvements in Young's modulus and in strain at break with increasing PCL‐g‐CNC loadings were found. These results highlighted the great potential of cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforcement phase in electrospun PCL mats, which can be used as biomedical materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43445.
Functionalized polymeric silver nanoparticle hybrid network as a dual antimicrobe:Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial application
Authors: Anirudhan T. S. , Deepa Binusreejayan, J. R.
Published: February 2016

The present work describes a novel method for the synthesis of silver polymer nanocomposite for the delivery of amoxicillin (AMO). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with chitosan and silver nitrate. The reaction parameters were optimized. Three‐dimensional polymeric networks were synthesized by simple free‐radical graft copolymerization. UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, SEM, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis were used for the complete characterization of the samples. Swelling studies and swelling factors were evaluated.In vitrorelease of AMO and AgNPs at physiological pHs was analyzed using the Peppas kinetic model to explain the drug delivery mechanism. Cytotoxicity, free‐radical scavenging, and antibacterial activities were analyzed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43479.
Influence of flow diversions on giant freshwater pearl mussel populations in the Ebro River, Spain
Authors: Araujo Rafael , Álvarez‐Cobelas Miguel
Published: February 2016

Freshwater mussels, historically a component of freshwater benthic invertebrate biomass, are one of the most imperilled animal groups on the planet. Margaritifera auricularia was once a common freshwater mussel inhabiting large rivers throughout Western Europe. It was believed to be extinct until 1996 when a few small populations were found in Spain and France.

Currently M. auricularia is one of the most endangered species in the world. The current status of this mollusc in the Ebro River was surveyed, finding a few adult specimens at only two localities, and many old, empty shells throughout the river.

Using a simple analysis of historical hydrological data, dramatic changes in water flow might have led to localized extirpation of this freshwater mussel.

Other factors contributing to the slow extirpation of this long‐lived invertebrate from other areas of the Ebro Basin include the continuous reduction of water levels during the reproductive season, overharvesting for nacre, construction of impoundments, extinction of fish hosts, and impaired water quality.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma metabonomics study on toxicity biomarker in rats treated with Euphorbia fischeriana based on LC–MS
Authors: Wang Yingfeng , Man Hongxue , Gao Jian , Liu Xinfeng , Ren Xiaolei , Chen Jianxin , Zhang Jiayu , Gao Kuo , Li Zhongfeng , Zhao Baosheng
Published: February 2016

Lang‐du (LD) has been traditionally used to treat human diseases in China. Plasma metabolic profiling was applied in this study based on LC–MS to elucidate the toxicity in rats induced by injected ethanol extract of LD. LD injection was given by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0 g kg−1 body weight per day to rats. The blood biochemical levels of alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, creatinine, serum β2‐microglobulin and low‐density lipoprotein increased in LD‐injected rats, and the levels of total protein and albumin decreased in these groups. The metabolic profiles of the samples were analyzed by multivariate statistics analysis, including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS‐DA). The metabolic characters in rats injected with LD were perturbed in a dose‐dependent manner. By OPLS‐DA, 18 metabolites were served as the potential toxicity biomarkers. Moreover, LD treatment resulted in an increase in the p‐cresol, p‐cresol sulfate, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (18:0), LPE (16:0), lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0) and 12‐HETE concentrations, and a decrease in hippuric acid, cholic acid and N‐acetyl‐l‐phenylalanine. These results suggested that chronic exposure to LD could cause a disturbance in lipids metabolism and amino acids metabolism, etc. Therefore, an analysis of the metabolic profiles can contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of LD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Afterword to Indexing It All: The Subject in the Age of Documentation, Information, and Data
Authors: Day Ronald E.
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

For his book Indexing It All: The Subject in the Age of Documentation, Information, and Data, Ronald E. Day was honored with the 2015 ASIS&T Best Information Science Book award. In this afterword, Day explains that the book examines the concept of “aboutness” in the modern documentary tradition covering information science and data science. In writing the book, Day wanted to sort out the relationship between subject and object, between user and document, the core of information science and prelude to information retrieval. He considers the transition of a text serving a group audience to a document serving individual user needs, facilitated by an array of digital technologies. Referencing historical precursors Paul Otlet and Suzanne Briet, he considers documentation as evidence that, depending on the viewpoint chosen, may be a construction or a representation of a concept. Day considers his book a dystopian work, asserting that information technology has been charged with answering both information and cultural needs and has given rise to users’ addiction to technology. He anticipates data and documents to both influence and be influenced by evolving technologies, cultural forms and social norms with the document form persisting, though transformed.
Research Data Integration in the Purdue Libraries
Authors: Zilinski Lisa D. , Barton Amy , Zhang Tao , Pouchard Line , Pascuzzi Pete
Published: February 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

At the 2015 ASIS&T Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) Summit, panelists from Research Data @ Purdue University Libraries discussed the organizational structure intended to promote campus‐wide collaboration among diverse data specialists. Amy Barton explained her role as metadata specialist for research data and the importance of being engaged with evolving standards and best practices. As digital user experience specialist, Tao Zhang evaluated the Data Curation Profiles Toolkit, including an interview protocol librarians use to explore researchers’ data needs and a web application for researchers to create data management plans. Line Pouchard, an information specialist focusing on big data, explored the data curation lifecycle model in general and its unique aspects in the context of big data. Information specialist for molecular biosciences, Pete Pascuzzi addressed the importance of bioinformatics for data reuse and having librarians work in an embedded position with researchers.