bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Hospital Inpatient Admissions Following Early Medicaid Expansion in California
Authors: Cunningham Peter , Sabik Lindsay M. , Bonakdar Tehrani Ali
Published: September 2016

The Affordable Care Act is expected to profoundly affect inpatient hospital utilization, both as a result of expansions in insurance coverage as well as payment and delivery system reforms. The objective of this study is to examine changes in inpatient utilization between 2010 and 2013 in California, following a Medicaid expansion and implementation of the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment program. Findings show that between 2010 and 2013: (a) the overall number of inpatient admissions increased, mainly because an increase in Medicaid admissions exceeded the decrease in uninsured admissions; (b) the number of preventable admissions did not change; (c) preventable admissions decreased at safety net hospitals that received Delivery System Reform Incentive Payment funds relative to other safety net hospitals. The results suggest that delivery system reforms may help offset the upward pressures on utilization and costs due to coverage expansions.
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Developing Within a Red-Ink Tattoo
Authors: Sherif Sara , Blakeway Elizabeth , Fenn Chris , German Alyn , Laws Philip
Published: September 2016

Cutaneous reactions to tattoos are well reported and include allergic reactions, infections, and foreign body granuloma or may be a presenting sign of sarcoidosis. There have been very few reported cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in tattoo-treated skin. We report a case of SCC arising within a red-ink tattoo and discuss the potential the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in pathogenesis. This should serve to raise awareness of potential tattoo-related serious adverse effects.
Redesigning pedagogy for boys and dance in physical education
Authors: Garrett Robyne , Wrench Alison
Published: September 2016

Pedagogical practices in schooling bear a potential to impact on student success, achievement and engagement with schooling. This is especially the case for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, who are deeply dependent on schooling for their educational resources. Central to this paper are pedagogies for social justice and improved engagement of boys in dance within a school located in an area of high socio-economic disadvantage. It is in these areas that boys spend considerable time performing masculinities that are in opposition to the formal processes of schooling, including participation in perceived feminine pursuits. The specific focus of this paper is a project of pedagogical redesign, enacted by a teacher of physical education and dance. The paper will first address pedagogies as they relate to dance, physical education, inclusion and gender. We next describe the action research project before describing redesigned pedagogical processes and outcomes for students. Findings reveal that altered pedagogical practices and relationships resulted in increasing student engagement, as well as broader outcomes across the curriculum. In conclusion we argue for practices that provide safe and supportive learning environments, connect to student life-worlds and extend student skills to offer ‘possibilities’ for boys from disadvantaged backgrounds in dance as well as investment in schooling.
Experimental investigation into the development length of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grids in concrete
Authors: Yue Qingrui , Liu Zongquan , Li Rong , Chen Xiaobing
Published: September 2016

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grids have received much attention lately because of many advantages. The force transfer behavior and development length of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grid reinforcement were evaluated using a pull-out test method. A total of 18 pull-out specimens of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grid reinforcement were tested under monotonic static loading, and the investigated parameters included the concrete compressive strength, the number of embedded transverse bars, with or without transverse bars, and the number of adjacent longitudinal bars. The slips between the reinforcing carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grids and the concrete were measured at both the free end and the loaded end during the whole loading process. The test results indicated that first, the concrete compressive strength and the adjacent longitudinal bars had little influence on the force transfer behavior, second, the wedge action of the transverse bars was very important for transferring force; thus, increase in number of embedded transverse bars increased the force transfer stiffness and reduced the slippage. In the case of tested carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer grids, three embedded transverse bars equal to embedment length of 150 mm were sufficient to develop full tensile strength. Based on this experimental investigation, the preliminary design principles were also discussed.
An experimental approach to the thermomechanical characterization of a NiTiCu shape memory alloy using strain gauges
Authors: Fabregat-Sanjuan Albert , Ferrando Piera Francesc , De la Flor López Silvia
Published: September 2016

In this work, a characterization of a NiTiCu (Ti44.6Ni5Cu (at.%)) shape memory alloy (tube specimens) has been done via tension, compression and torsion tests conditions. Torsion tests were done in a special homemade equipment, which is based on an instrumented dividing head with a specifically designed thermal chamber. This configuration is able to measure torque and twist angle with isothermal tests at different temperatures as well as to apply thermal cycles with a fixed twist angle. Moreover, tube specimens were instrumented with stacked strain gauges rosettes in order to obtain the strain tensor. Strain gauges were also used to calibrate the equipment and to identify the real stress state in torsion tests. The results have shown differences between the shear modulus measured on torsion tests and the shear modulus calculated from the measurements at tension and compression tests due to the tension/compression asymmetry and a non-constant strain ratio value. Thermal cycling tests at different values of fixed twist angles not only have led to characterize the evolution of torque as a function of the temperature but also to understand the different interacting mechanisms in torsion tests.
Free Esophageal Perforation Following Hybrid Visceral Debranching and Distal Endograft Extension to Repair a Ruptured Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Zaza Khaled Juan , Sharif Muhammad Anees , Koussayer Samer
Published: September 2016

Free esophageal perforation following a hybrid visceral debranching and distal endograft extension to repair a ruptured thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) is a rare complication. The authors report a 56-year-old male who underwent elective thoracic endovascular aortic repair of a thoracic aneurysm. Four and a half years later, he presented with a new aneurysm extending from the distal end of the thoracic stent graft to the aortic bifurcation involving all the visceral arterial branches. The TAAA ruptured while he was awaiting an elective repair, and as a result, he underwent an emergency hybrid procedure. This involved debranching the visceral arterial branches including autotransplantation of the left kidney and distal endograft extension. Postoperatively, he developed free esophageal perforation secondary to ischemic necrosis requiring esophageal resection and gastric pull-up. The patient was well 6 months after the gastrointestinal restorative procedure. Thus, esophageal perforation following an emergency hybrid repair of ruptured TAAA is a rare complication, and a successful outcome depends on early recognition and surgical exclusion of the ruptured viscus.
Aneurysm Formation After Endovascular Treatment of Acute Type A Dissection
Authors: Yang Lai , Wang Jiaping
Published: September 2016

Recently, reports have described successful endovascular stent graft (ESG) treatment of patients with acute type A aortic dissection. We report 1 ESG treatment for this condition and the complication of a new aneurysm formation during a 6-month follow-up.
A fast Total Variation-based iterative algorithm for digital breast tomosynthesis image reconstruction
Authors: Piccolomini E Loli , Morotti E
Published: September 2016

In this work, we propose a fast iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of digital breast tomosynthesis images. The algorithm solves a regularization problem, expressed as the minimization of the sum of a least-squares term and a weighted smoothed version of the Total Variation regularization function. We use a Fixed Point method for the solution of the minimization problem, requiring the solution of a linear system at each iteration, whose coefficient matrix is a positive definite approximation of the Hessian of the objective function. We propose an efficient implementation of the algorithm, where the linear system is solved by a truncated Conjugate Gradient method. We compare the Fixed Point implementation with a fast first order method such as the Scaled Gradient Projection method, that does not require any linear system solution. Numerical experiments on a breast phantom widely used in tomographic simulations show that both the methods recover microcalcifications very fast while the Fixed Point is more efficient in detecting masses, when more time is available for the algorithm execution.
Modification of Distal Tibiofibular Relationship After a Mild Syndesmotic Injury
Authors: Nault Marie-Lyne , Gascon Laurence , Hébert-Davies Jonah , Leduc Stéphane , Laflamme G. Yves , Kramer Dennis
Published: September 2016

Background. The hypothesis of this study is that a sprain or tear of 1 or more of the 3 syndesmotic ligaments will result in a significant change in the osseous anatomy relationship when comparing injured to uninjured syndesmosis. Our secondary objective was to determine whether injuries to the syndesmosis as diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be found using static imaging. Methods. This is a descriptive radiological study of ankle MRI reports over a 12-year period, from 2 different institutions, and divided in two groups: normal and injured syndesmotic ligaments. A series of 6 lengths and 2 angles were measured on MRI axial views that describe the rotation, lateral, and anteroposterior translational relation between the distal tibia and fibula. Parameters from injured and uninjured ankles were compared using Student’s t-test. Results. Fifty uninjured syndesmosis were compared to 64 injured syndesmoses. The majority of syndesmosis injuries concerned either an anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament sprain or tear. There was a significant difference in the anatomic position of the tibia and the fibula between injured and uninjured syndesmosis. Conclusions. The anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament is the most commonly injured ligament in the syndesmosis in sports injury and results in subtle variations in the syndesmotic anatomy, which plain radiographs cannot assess. Because of the previously validated computed tomography scan measurement, this study demonstrates a potential to identify syndesmotic injury on other more accessible imaging modalities, such as computed tomography scan, by using a well-defined measurement system.

Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level III : Retrospective, Radiologic Study
A clinical update on the role of carfilzomib in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Franken B. , van de Donk N.W.C.J. , Cloos J.C. , Zweegman S. , Lokhorst H.M.
Published: September 2016

Even though the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma is continuing to improve, all patients eventually develop relapsed refractory disease. Several novel therapeutics have been developed in the last few years including the second-generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib which has been approved for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma in the United States since 2012. Recently data from several phase III studies have become available showing the promising efficacy of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide, which led to the renewed approval of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed myeloma in 2015. Furthermore carfilzomib showed superiority over bortezomib on both efficacy and toxicity profiles, especially a profoundly lower incidence in polyneuropathy. Carfilzomib has been shown to partially overcome the negative effects of high-risk cytogenetics. Promising combinations of carfilzomib with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, pomalidomide and several other novel therapeutics have been presented in early studies. The optimal dosing regimen and sequence of treatment regimens remain important questions for the future.
Survey on consenting practice and discussion of post-operative erectile dysfunction following rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Phan Yih Chyn , Sebastian Joseph , Harilingam Mohan , Tsavellas George
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

Sexual dysfunction is a recognized complication of rectal cancer surgery, due to the close proximity of the pelvic autonomic nerves to the normal plane of dissection. The consenting process should therefore always include the risk of sexual and urinary dysfunction arising after such surgery. This survey was undertaken to assess the consenting practice, and to evaluate the frequency of use of phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) following rectal cancer surgery.

Methods:

All listed Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) members were invited to participate in the electronic survey, which comprised six questions. By 8 weeks, 119 responses had been received.

Results:

There were 112 respondents (94.1%) who routinely discussed the risk of ED during the process of gaining consent for rectal cancer surgery. There were 104 respondents (87.3%) who documented ED on their consent form. There were 24 respondents (20.2%) who indicated that there was no stated percentage risk for ED; and there were 69 (58.0%) and 26 (21.9%) respondents who quoted there was a 0–25% and 26–50% risk of ED during the consent process, respectively. None were quoting > 50% risk of ED. There were 68 respondents (57.1%) who routinely enquired about ED during follow-up. There were 30 respondents (25.2%) who stated that they had experience in prescribing PDE5 inhibitors for their patients who suffer from ED: We had 25 of them who felt that patients benefited from using PDE5 inhibitors.

Conclusions:

The majority of colorectal surgeons routinely discuss and document the risk of ED when consenting for rectal surgery; however, most surgeons have no experience in prescribing PDE5 inhibitors. This is an area that requires further study and education.
Late acute graft-versus-host disease: a prospective analysis of clinical outcomes and circulating angiogenic factors
Authors: Holtan Shernan G. , Khera Nandita , Levine John E. , Chai Xiaoyu , Storer Barry , Liu Hien D. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Chen George L. , Mayer Sebastian , Arora Mukta , Palmer Jeanne , Flowers Mary E. D. , Cutler Corey S. , Lukez Alexander , Arai Sally , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Newell Laura F. , Krupski Christa , Jagasia Madan H. , Pusic Iskra , Wood William , Renteria Anne S. , Yanik Gregory , Hogan William J. , Hexner Elizabeth , Ayuk Francis , Holler Ernst , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Efebera Yvonne A. , Ferrara James L. M. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Weisdorf Daniel , Lee Stephanie J. , Pidala Joseph
Published: September 2016

Key Points

Under current treatment approaches, patients with LA GVHD have poor overall and failure-free survival. Levels of AREG are elevated in LA GVHD, and the AREG/EGF ratio is predictive of overall survival and nonrelapse mortality in LA GVHD.
A trial of unrelated donor marrow transplantation for children with severe sickle cell disease
Authors: Shenoy Shalini , Eapen Mary , Panepinto Julie A. , Logan Brent R. , Wu Juan , Abraham Allistair , Brochstein Joel , Chaudhury Sonali , Godder Kamar , Haight Ann E. , Kasow Kimberly A. , Leung Kathryn , Andreansky Martin , Bhatia Monica , Dalal Jignesh , Haines Hilary , Jaroscak Jennifer , Lazarus Hillard M. , Levine John E. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Margolis David , Megason Gail C. , Yu Lolie C. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Gersten Iris , DiFronzo Nancy , Horowitz Mary M. , Walters Mark C. , Kamani Naynesh
Published: September 2016

Key Points

Children with sickle cell disease engrafted unrelated donor marrow after reduced intensity conditioning. A high incidence of GVHD and associated mortality compromised safety of the trial.
Vertical error correction of eye trackers in nonrestrictive reading condition
Authors: Lima Sanches Charles , Augereau Olivier , Kise Koichi
Published: September 2016

The eye tracking technology is used for four decades for studying reading behavior. The applications are various: estimating the reader comprehension, identifying the reader, summarizing a read document, creating a reading-life log, etc. The gaze data used in such applications has to be accurate enough to perform the analysis. In order to improve the accuracy, most of the experiments are set up with restrictive conditions such as using a head fixation and a professional eye tracker. It implies that the results are valid only in restrictive laboratory settings and an unrealistic small error is produced by the experiment. However, the use of affordable eye trackers in realistic conditions of reading leads to large errors in the recordings. We propose a new algorithm to correct the vertical error and to align the gazes with the text. The proposed algorithm is robust to rereading and skipping some parts of text, contrary to all the other algorithms of the state of the art. We show that up to 69 % of the gazes are aligned with the correct text lines.
“Winging It”: How Older Breast Cancer Survivors Persist With Aromatase Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Brauer Eden R. , Ganz Patricia A. , Pieters Huibrie C.
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are an important and effective hormonal adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Up to 50% of women stop AIs prematurely, missing a valuable therapeutic intervention.

Patients and Methods:

We used grounded theory methodology to conduct in-depth, semistructured interviews and analyze data among patients with breast cancer diagnosed at age 65 years or older who were receiving an AI. The goal of the interviews was to understand decision making regarding persisting with AIs. Interview transcripts were systematically analyzed to identify emergent categories and relationships.

Results:

Interviews were conducted with 27 women. After completion of primary treatment, women in our sample found themselves “winging it” as they faced substantial struggles with infrequent support during this new phase of the cancer trajectory. Self-management of AI adverse effects occurred in the contexts of older age and early survivorship. “Bearing it” emerged as another important management process regarding the impact of AIs on quality of everyday life. The complex decision to persist with the AI involved weighing the possibility of a cancer-free future against the burden of adverse effects. Women relied on informal networks for support, rather than oncology providers, highlighting the need for practical self-management strategies. The notion of a tipping point in persistence revealed their susceptibility to early discontinuation.

Conclusion:

This study provides insight into potential decisional pathways leading to early discontinuation of AIs among older women with breast cancer. Better support is needed for these women.
Resolving Rivalries and Realigning Goals: Challenges of Clinical and Research Multiteam Systems
Authors: Gerber David E. , Reimer Torsten , Williams Erin L. , Gill Mary , Loudat Priddy Laurin , Bergestuen Deidi , Schiller Joan H. , Kirkpatrick Haskell , Craddock Lee Simon J.
Published: September 2016

This article describes the care processes for a 64-year-old man with newly diagnosed advanced non–small-cell lung cancer who was enrolled in a first-line clinical trial of a new immunotherapy regimen. The case highlights the concept of multiteam systems in cancer clinical research and clinical care. Because clinical research represents a highly dynamic entity—with studies frequently opening, closing, and undergoing modifications—concerted efforts of multiple teams are needed to respond to these changes while continuing to provide consistent, high-level care and timely, accurate clinical data. The case illustrates typical challenges of multiteam care processes. Compared with clinical tasks that are routinely performed by single teams, multiple-team care greatly increases the demands for communication, collaboration, cohesion, and coordination among team members. As the case illustrates, the described research team and clinical team are separated, resulting in suboptimal function. Individual team members interact predominantly with members of their own team. A considerable number of team members lack regular interaction with anyone outside their team. Accompanying this separation, the teams enact rivalries that impede collaboration. The teams have misaligned goals and competing priorities that create competition. Collective identity and cohesion across the two teams are low. Research team and clinical team members have limited knowledge of the roles and work of individuals outside their team. Recommendations to increase trust and collaboration are provided. Clinical providers and researchers may incorporate these themes into development and evaluation of multiteam systems, multidisciplinary teams, and cross-functional teams within their own institutions.
“Actors Simply Explode”: To Act in the Cinema of Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet
Authors: Ramos-Martínez Manuel
Published: September 2016

This essay examines the political significance of Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet's work with actors in their cinema practice. Straub and Huillet's acting methodology is an essential aspect of their cinema and its struggle to undo militaristic, patriarchal, and capitalist modes of communication. The author identifies and analyzes key characteristics of this methodology, using them to mount a critique of the normative function of the amateur or nonprofessional actor in art cinema and socially committed cinemas. The creation of a generative encounter between actors and texts, a vocal training that works against the dictates of standard punctuation, and the organization of a discipline to act are the main components of a methodology that refuses to obey a specific martial order of reading, speaking, and acting. Attending to Straub and Huillet's comments on their methods, the essay envisages other resonances that such acting can have in thinking about freedom and constraint within the political and economic spheres of Western culture.
Opacities: An Introduction
Authors: Blas Zach
Published: September 2016

This introduction proposes opacity as a generative and necessary frame for contemporary feminist and queer politics. Theorized by the Martinican philosopher and poet Édouard Glissant, opacity can be understood as an incalculable alterity that is at once the relational ontology of the world, an ethical demand, a form of political legitimation, and a poetics. In this “In Practice” collection, opacity is offered as an alternative to the familiar terrain of identity, visibility, and representation in feminist and queer politics and writing. Contributors utilize opacity as both a tactic and a material condition to address issues of surveillance, the nonhuman, and contemporary art. Jennifer Rhee considers clothing that evades drone detection, while Zach Blas and Jacob Gaboury discuss biometric facial recognition and masked protest. Jasmina Tumbas and Jemima Wyman claim camouflage as a refusal of the female body's objectification and also a catalyst for collectivization. Heather Davis argues that plastic is an opaque queerness, and Nathan Lee writes on the condition of being HIV undetectable as an optimistic imperceptible relationship to one's body. Across these texts, opacity operates as an expansive theory, politics, and aesthetics that works against the totalizing gaze of global surveillance and also demands a place for the nonhuman in feminist and queer thought.
Physiological characterization of the hematophagy ofOrnithodoros rostratus(Acari: Argasidae) on live hosts
Authors: Costa Gabriel Cerqueira Alves , Soares Adriana Coelho , Pereira Marcos Horácio , Gontijo Nelder Figueiredo , Sant’Anna Maurício Roberto Viana , Araujo Ricardo Nascimento
Published: September 2016

Ornithodoros rostratus is an argasid tick and its importance is based on its hematophagy and the resulting transmission of pathogens such as Rickettsia rickettsii and Coxiella burnetii unto its vertebrate hosts. In the face of a lack of physiological studies related to hematophagy in argasid ticks, this paper aims to identify and characterize the events that occur throughout the feeding by O. rostratus on live hosts. Electrical signals and alterations on the feeding site were monitored using intravital microscopy and electromyography. The analyses allowed for the characterization of four distinct events: suction, salivation, chelicerae movements, and inactivity. Feeding was divided into two distinct phases: 1- penetration of mouthparts (when only salivation and chelicerae movements occurred) and the formation of the feeding pool (salivation and chelicerae movements with the first signs of suction) and 2 - engorgement during which chelicerae movements ceased and blood intake took place in feeding complexes (salivation followed by suction). Variations in patterns of the electrical signals, suction frequency, and salivation showed four distinct sub phases: 2a – Suction with electrical signals of irregular shape, increased suction frequency and decreased salivation frequency throughout blood feeding; 2b – Suction with electrical signals of symmetrical shape, high suction rates (3.8 Hz on average) and feeding complexes lasting for 7.7 seconds; 2c - Suction with electrical signals of irregular shape, high suction frequency and feeding complex lasting 11.5 seconds; 2d - Electrical signals with no profile and longest feeding complexes (14.5 seconds). Blood feeding ended with the withdrawal of the mouthparts from the host's skin.
Secretly through Salatsi: place names in Estonian runic songs related to Livonian settlement areas
Authors: Salve Kristi
Published: September 2016

The article searches for an answer to the question whether Estonian runic songs contain references to Livonians. Using the materials from the database of Estonian runic songs, the article observes some names of countries, rivers and towns. The name of Courland proved to be extremely popular; it appears, however, in very different contexts. Thus, concrete place names have been used as generalisations for distant lands. Among town names, both Riga and Võnnu (Latv. Cēsis) are obviously centres of the Teutonic Order like the Estonian towns mentioned in parallel verses. As hydronyms are generally ancient, the names of rivers (Salatsi, Latv. Salaca; Koiva, Latv. Gauja; Väina, Latv. Daugava) proved to be the most interesting. First, their distribution area is concrete and expressive: The Salatsi is known in South-West Estonia, the Väina in South-East Estonia. The Koiva is like a connecting link, as it appears as the parallel word of both the Salatsi and the Väina. The names of these three rivers have been used in clearly mythical songs where they denote dangerous places connected with the otherworld.Kokkuvõte. Kristi Salve: Salaja Salatsi kaudu: Eesti regilaulude kohanimed, mis on seotud liivlaste asualadega. Artikkel otsib vastust küsimusele, kas eesti regilauludes leidub viiteid liivlastele. Kasutades eesti regilaulude andmebaasi, jälgitakse artiklis mõningaid maade, jõgede ja linnade nimesid. Kuramaa nimetus osutub väga populaarseks; see ilmneb siiski erinevates kontekstides, mis on sageli määratud alliteratsiooni poolt. Linnanimede hulgas on Riia äärmiselt sage. Kuna hüdronüümid on üldiselt iidsed, on ka jõenimede (Salatsi, läti Salaca; Koiva, läti Gauja; Väina, läti Daugava) esinemus eriti huvitav. Esiteks on nende levikuala kindlapiiriline ja tähenduslik: Salatsi on tuntud Edela-Eestis, Väina Kagu-Eestis. Koiva on nagu ühenduslüli, sest see ilmneb paralleelsõnana nii Salatsi kui ka Väina puhul. Väina ja Koiva vasteks paralleelvärsides võib olla Narva jõgi ja meri; kõik need on isikustatud.Märksõnad: eesti keel, liivi keel, regilaulud, ajalooline onomastika, kohanimedKubbõvõttõks. Kristi Salve: Salliz Salāts kouți: Līvõ kūožnimūd ēsti vaņīmis ro’vlōlis. Kēra vȯtšūb vastõkst kizzimizõn või ēsti vaņīmis ro’vlōlis um tǟtõkši iļ līvlizt. Ēsti vaņīmist rovlōlõd dattõdbǭzõ kȭlbatõs kēras sǭbõd vaņțõltõd mǭd, jougūd ja jālgabõd mingizt nimūd. Kurmǭ’ nim um väggi populār, kuigid se tulāb jeddõ ädsmingižis kontekstis, mis saggõld attõ lõvdõd alliteratsijst. Jālgabõd nimīst ātõ Riia ‘Rīgõ’ ja Võnnu (lețkīel Cēsis) ī’žkiz sagdizt. Ku viedkubūd nimūd iļamīņ attõ väggi vanād, siz ka jougūd nimūd (Salatsi ‘Salāts’, lețkīel Salaca; Koiva lețkīel Gauja; Väina ‘Vēna’, lețkīel Daugava) īžkiz interesant. Salatsi um tundtõd Lǟnd Ēstimǭl, Väina Lȭinag Ēstimǭl, Koiva um neiku ītõbpǭsmõz, ku se um parālelsõnāks nei Salatsi kui Väina jūs. Nänt kuolm joug nimīdi um kȭlbatõd sieldõ mītiližis lōlis kus ne ātõ tuoiz īlmaks sidtõd kārtabizt kūožõd.
Research into Livonian syntax: the results of previous studies and the tasks ahead
Authors: Norvik Miina
Published: September 2016

The objective of this article is to present the main findings of research into Livonian syntax. As is typical of the Finnic languages other than Estonian and Finnish, in the past, syntax-related issues have received little attention. For instance, the only scientific grammar of Livonian, which was written in German and published in the 19th century, remains the most comprehensive overview of Livonian syntax. In recent times, however, interest in syntax-related issues has grown and there are several separate studies on specific issues of Livonian syntax. Furthermore, a contemporary Livonian reference grammar will be published in a few years and it will also contain a chapter on syntax. The present article is meant to give a research overview of the main topics discussed previously and point out the main challenges for future research.Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik: Liivi keele süntaksi uurimine: varasemad tulemused ning eesseisvad ülesanded. Artikli eesmärgiks on esitleda peamisi liivi keele süntaksi uurimisel saadud tulemusi esimese teadusliku grammatika ilmumisest 1861. aastal kuni tänapäevani ning selgitada uue grammatika kirjutamisega seotud ülesandeid. Kuigi liivi keele süntaksi uurimine on hoogus tunud alles viimastel aastakümnetel, on süntaksi põhiküsimusi varemalt käsitletud vähemalt põgusalt. On nii teemasid, mis on alles hiljuti tähelepanu keskmesse tõusnud (nt tuleviku, modaalsuse, eituse väljendamine), kuid on ka teemasid, mida on viimati käsitletud üle 150 aasta tagasi (nt sõnajärg) või mida pole üldse uuritud (nt osaöeldistäide, sõnajärg kõrvallauses). Peamiste eesseisvate ülesannetena nähaksegi varasemate uurimistulemuste koondamist uude grammatikasse; vajadusel nende ühtlustamist ja kontrollimist, kuna uurimused on kirjutatud eri aegadel ning traditsioonis; ning varasemas uurimuses esinevate lünkade täitmist.Märksõnad: liivi keel, süntaks, grammatika, predikaat, nominaalsed argumendid, lausetüübidKubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik: Līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimi: jedlõmizt rezultātõd ja tulbizt ilzandõkst. Kēra võttõksõks um līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimiz pǟmizt rezultātõd klīerimi ežmiz tieudliz grammatik ulzõ āndamizõst 1861. āigastõn tämpiz sǭņõ ja seļțõ tulbiži ilzandõkši ūd grammatik kēratimiz pierāst. Koks kil līvõ kīel sintaks tuņšlimi um võttõn jūontõ set perrizt āigastkimmõd āigal, sintaks pūojkizzimiži um vaņțõltõd jõvā vaŗīmõld, amā veitõm lītõld. Nei ātõ tematõd, mis ātõ perīst kõrdõ vaņțõltõd jemīņ ku 150 āigastõ tāgižpēḑõn (ngț. sõnākȭrda) agā ka seļļizt, mis äb ūotõ vaņțõltõd. Nei siz pǟmizt tulbizt ilzandõd ātõ vaŗīmõd tuņšlimiz rezultātõd kubtimi ūd grammatik pierāst, nänt lebbõ vaņțlimi, ītiztimi ja vaŗīmiz tuņšlimiz ōkõd tǟtami.
Revitalizing a community language: Livonian and other community languages
Authors: Moseley Christopher
Published: September 2016

The present paper compares efforts to revive the spoken use of two European languages which have fallen into disuse: Cornish, spoken in the southwest of England, and Livonian in Latvia. Different approaches have been taken in encouraging heritage learners to use the languages again, but there are points in common, and each has something to learn from the other. The work of the Cornish Language Partnership in organizing and encouraging Cornish learners is compared with the courses run by the branch of the Livonian Association in Kolka, Kurzeme.Kokkuvõte. Christopher Moseley: Kogukonna keele revitaliseerimine: liivi ja teised keelekogukonnad. Käesolev artikkel võrdleb jõupingutusi velmata keele suulist kasutust kahe Euroopa keele puhul, mida ei ole enam igapäevaselt kasutatud: need on korni keel Edela-Inglismaal ja liivi keel Lätis. Erinevaid lähenemisi on rakendatud, et julgustada pärimuskeele õppijaid kasutama jälle neid keeli, kuid on ka ühisjooni ning ikka on midagi õppida ka üksteiselt. Korni Keele Ühingu tööd keeleõppe korraldamisel ja õppijate motiveerimisel on võrreldud kursustega, mida on läbi viinud Liivi Liidu Kolka osakond Kuramaal.Märksõnad: Liivi keel, taaselustamine, korni keel, kogukond, õpetamine, õppimineKubbõvõttõks. Christopher Moseley: Kubgõn kīel ūdpǟl jelstõmi: liivõ ja munt kīelkubgõnd. Kēra ītlõb kīel sūliz kȭlbatimiz jelātimiz vingõrtõkši kǭd Eirōp kīel pǟl, mis jemīņ äb ūotõ jegā pǟva kȭlbatõd: ne ātõ korn kēļ lǟnd Englišmǭl ja līvõ kēļ Lețmǭl. Vaitiži ležgõldõkši um kȭlbatõd jūlgastõmõks pierāndkīeld oppijid ūdpǟl kȭlbatõm nēḑi kēļi, agā um ka ītiži nǟdõkši ja īdõkabāl um mis oppõ īdtuoiz kädst. Korn Kīel Īt tīedõ kīeloppimiz sǟdlõmiz ja oppijid motivīerimiz jūs um ītõltõd kursõdõks, mis um lebbõ vīnd Līvõd Īt Kūolka jag Kurmǭl.
What goes up must come down
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: September 2016

Toddlers love stairs and cannot resist climbing any steps that they see but, as children grow older, stairs can also be valuable areas for both imaginative and discovery play.
Pioneers and practice
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: September 2016

We all have influences in our lives, especially professionally, where much is based on past good practice. But are the principles and ideas of early years pioneers still relevant today?
Skating on the surface of water
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: September 2016

This is the fourth in a series that explores the lives of different insects that live in the woods, parks and gardens of the UK. This month we explore the world of pond skaters.
Estimating the Impacts of Preservative Ports on Bridge Tie Strength
Authors: Taylor Adam , Bennett Richard , Harper David Paul , Lloyd Jeff
Published: September 2016

Scale models of wooden bridge timbers were broken in bending to assess the impact of holes drilled along their length to permit the addition of wood preservatives. The results indicate that the holes have minimal impact. However, the common practice of cutting “daps” on the underside of the beams to accommodate the supporting beams appears to have substantial strength-reducing effects. Railroads could consider using borate ports to improve the life of their bridge timbers and reducing the depth of, or eliminating, daps.
A Misericórdia de Coimbra: benfeitores e assistidos (1668-1910)
Authors: Mata Cristóvão da
Published: September 2016

Analisamos, no presente artigo, as doações recebidas pela Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Coimbra entre 1668 e 1910, tendo por objectivo apresentar os perfis sociais dos benfeitores e os grupos de beneficiados mais comuns e estabelecer uma relação entre as várias tipologias de benfeitores e as obras encomendadas, de modo a avaliar as diferenças decorrentes da transição do Antigo Regime para a Monarquia Constitucional.
"Preleções", "teorias" e as dinâmicas da formação dos polícias civis em Lisboa, 1867-1910
Authors: Gonçalves Gonçalo Rocha
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisa as características, práticas e significados da formação ministrada aos indivíduos que entravam e faziam carreira na Polícia Civil de Lisboa entre o final da década de 1860 e a revolução republicana de 1910. Confrontando as reformas políticas e as normas legais inscritas nos regulamentos com as rotinas de formação e treino observadas no quotidiano das esquadras pretende-se compreender a crescente importância da formação no seio da organização policial. Neste contexto, o papel central desempenhado pelos chefes de esquadra na formação dos agentes policiais traduziu-se, a partir da década final do século XIX, num reforço da identidade profissional da corporação e no extravasar do saber produzido para além dos limites da instituição policial.
O Porto e as epidemias: saúde e higiene na imprensa diária em períodos de crise sanitária, 1854-56, 1899 e 1918
Authors: Almeida Maria Antónia Pires de
Published: September 2016

Em crises sanitárias como as de 1854-56, 1899 e 1918, especialmente no Porto, onde a cólera morbus, a peste bubónica, o tifo exantemático, a gripe pneumónica e a varíola atacaram e mataram percentagens elevadas da população, as imagens das epidemias na imprensa permitem-nos conhecer o estado dos conhecimentos científicos num país que dispunha de conhecimentos e pessoal especializado ao nível dos mais avançados da sua época. Uma base de dados de 6. 700 notícias, artigos desenvolvidos e anúncios recolhidos na imprensa diária revela-nos o conhecimento médico e farmacêutico da segunda metade do século XIX e início do XX, o modo como era transmitido a um público não especializado e as soluções apresentadas pelos médicos e pelas autoridades sanitárias.
El turno de los campesinos: protesta social en la España rural del cambio de siglo (1898-1923)
Authors: Redondo Cardeñoso Jesús-Ángel
Published: September 2016

En el siguiente artículo atenderemos, en primer lugar, a la evolución de la investigación historiográfica sobre el estudio de la conflictividad campesina, centrándonos en el importante salto que han dado dichos estudios en las últimas dos décadas, lo cual ha permitido transformar radicalmente la imagen histórica que sobre el campesinado ha dominado hasta hace poco tiempo. En segundo lugar, afrontaremos un análisis de los principales hitos de esa conflictividad, es decir, las acciones colectivas protagonizadas por los campesinos españoles durante los primeros anos del siglo XX. Ello nos permitirá comprender la importancia del asociacionismo campesino en la consolidación del movimiento obrero español durante aquellos años y la contribución decidida de la conflictividad campesina en el desarrollo de la crisis que desmanteló el sistema político de la Restauración.
Reclusão e proteção: os judeus em Portugal na Crise do século XIV
Authors: Nogueira Carlos Roberto Figueiredo
Published: September 2016

Ao pretender-se estudar os judeus portugueses na crise do século XIV, revisitamos a legislação que lhes concernia e, de igual, as práticas que as fontes revelam.
A par com uma evolução negativa acerca dos judeus, transcorre-se para uma oposição entre a ideia do perigo para a sociedade e a necessidade da sua colaboração nos aspectos vedados aos cristãos, fonte de medidas políticas coercitivas e de práticas protetoras à comunidade hebraica.
Das Geheimnis der Wiederholung
Authors: Blättel Richard
Published: September 2016

Wie nahe stehen sich die jüdische Gedankenwelt und die Ideen Sören Kierkegaards? In einer dialogischen Konstellation findet die geistige Wahlverwandtschaft darauf eine Antwort. Richard Blättel nimmt dazu drei alttestamentarische Erzählungen mit existenzieller Färbung in den Blick: den Sündenfall, die Opferung Isaaks und Hiob. Sowohl Kierkegaard als auch die jüdischen Denker haben sich mit den biblischen Narrativen befasst, wobei das Motiv der Wiederholung zum Brennpunkt wird. Zwischen Schöpfung und Offenbarung kreist das erzählende Denken, das sich von der traditionellen Denkgeschichte des Abendlandes abgrenzt. Dabei entsteht philosophisches Pathos als eine Form leidenschaftlichen Denkens.
Metaphysische Maschinen
Authors: Schmid Heiko
Published: September 2016

Heiko Schmid beschäftigt sich mit so unterschiedlichen und gleichzeitig faszinierenden Phänomenen wie der populären Astronomie, der Künstlerbewegung der Futuristen, dem Science-Fiction-Genre, den Entstehungszusammenhängen der Raketentechnologien und dem Theorem der vierten Dimension. All diese vielfältigen Themenfelder verbindet er hierbei mit einer Annäherung an das Konzept der Maschine. Das zentrale Anliegen der Studie ist es, den Maschinenbegriff kultur- und kunsthistorisch in einen komplexen Rahmen technoimaginativer Entwicklungen einzubetten.
Kallimachos: Digital Humanities als Auftrag der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg
Authors: Schmidt Hans-Günter
Published: September 2016

KALLIMACHOS baut an der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg ein Digital-Humanitites-Zentrum mit den Arbeitsschwerpunkten OCR, digitale Edition, Textmining und quantitative Analyse auf. Das Zentrum bietet eine technische und soziale Infrastruktur, die Geisteswissenschaftler bei der Beantwortung von Forschungsfragen unterstützt und innovative Werkzeuge, Methoden, prototypische Arbeitsabläufe und Dienste entwickelt. In sechs Beispielprojekten aus Papyrologie, Geschichte, Philologie, Philosophie und Pädagogik werden die Neuentwicklungen erprobt, die Fruchtbarkeit der neuen Verfahren vermittelt und Bausteine für ein künftiges Forschungsdatenmanagement geschaffen. Das BMBF unterstützt den Aufbau des Zentrums bis Ende 2017 im Rahmen der Förderlinie „eHumanities“.
A method for remediation of soil contaminated with simazine
Authors: Balawejder Maciej , Józefczyk Radosław , Antos Piotr , Pieniążek Marcin
Published: September 2016

Although the utilization of pesticides accounted for the group of persistent organic pollutants was banned years ago, a count of pesticides are still directly or indirectly a source of contamination in Europe. One of them, simazine is still allowed for use in the United States. Aim of this experiment was development of soil remediation method which could be utilized for degradation triazine class pesticides – simazine was an example used. A method for soil remediation based on ozonation processes in fluidized bed was successfully utilized for removal of simazine from contaminated soil. For the study soil highly contaminated with simazine up to the concentration of 0.05% w/w was used. Determination of the pesticide levels in soil was performed using extraction and gas chromatography. The method allowed 80% reduction of pesticide concentration level. The degradation of pesticide was accompanied with changes of physicochemical parameters of soil, i.e., decrease of pH and a increase of nitrates concentration. Despite changes in physicochemical properties of the soil, the developed method proved to be highly effective and can be successfully applied on an industrial scale.
Isolation and characterization of naphthalene biodegrading Methylobacterium radiotolerans bacterium from the eastern coastline of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nzila Alexis , Thukair Assad , Sankara Saravanan , Chanbasha Basheer , Musa Musa M.
Published: September 2016

Bioremediation is based on microorganisms able to use pollutants either as a source of carbon or in co-metabolism, and is a promising strategy in cleaning the environment. Using soil contaminated with petroleum products from an industrial area in Saudi Arabia (Jubail), and after enrichment with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) naphthalene, a Methylobacterium radiotolerans strain (N7A0) was isolated that can grow in the presence of naphthalene as the sole source of carbon. M. radiotolerans is known to be resistant to gamma radiation, and this is the first documented report of a strain of this bacterium using a PAH as the sole source of carbon. The commonly reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain N7B1) that biodegrades naphthalene was also identified, and gas chromatography analyses have shown that the biodegradation of naphthalene by M. radiotolerans and P. aeruginosa did follow both the salicylate and phthalate pathways.
Accumulation of Cd and Pb in water, sediment and two littoral plants (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia) of freshwater ecosystem
Authors: Borowiak Klaudia , Kanclerz Jolanta , Mleczek Mirosław , Lisiak Marta , Drzewiecka Kinga
Published: September 2016

Cd and Pb concentrations were measured in water, sediment and plant organs collected from selective sites located along the Bogdanka river (Poznań, Poland) in the 2012 growing season. The aim of the investigations was to monitor changes in heavy metal (HM) concentrations in different media over the periods, as well as to evaluate potential of two littoral plants, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia, for phytoremediation under natural conditions. Investigations revealed differences in HM concentrations in water and sediments. Higher values were observed in sediments than in water. The decrease in concentrations of both HMs in sediments was noted in two of the three selected water reservoirs during growing seasons, which suggests the possibility of their adsorption and accumulation by aquatic plants. Both investigated plant species accumulated ample amount of Cd and Pb in underground and aboveground plant tissues, however T. angustifolia revealed higher Cd translocation potential than P. australis. The latter revealed higher Pb accumulation in two lakes. Moreover, the translocation ratio was usually higher in spring, especially for Pb, in both plant species. Increasing level of pollution load index in sediment along the Bogdanka watercourse indicates accumulation of measured HMs.
Biomass Production of Gigantic Grasses Arundo donax and Miscanthus × Giganteus in the Dependence on Plant Multiplication Method
Authors: Gubišová Marcela , Gubiš Jozef , Žofajová Alžbeta
Published: September 2016

The effect of plant propagation method on growth parameters and the yield of above-ground biomass in two species of gigantic grasses were measured during three growing seasons. Plants were multiplied in explant culture and through traditional methods – by rhizome segments (Miscanthus × giganteus) or by stem cuttings (Arundo donax). In the case of M. × giganteus, in vitro-multiplied plants produced more shoots with significantly lower diameter, but the differences in the number of shoots, plant height and the yield of dry biomass were not statistically significant. Different results were observed for A. donax, where in vitro-multiplied plants showed significantly weaker results in all parameters, with the exception of the number of shoots in the first measured season. In both the species, there was observed the strong effect of the year. While in M. × giganteus the yield of dry biomass gradually decreased during the measured years, it increased in the case of giant reed.
X Preparation and Characterization of Carbon-Based Composite Nanofibers for Supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Dawei , Wang Lili , Wang Chunxia , Chang Yuping , Ma Pibo
Published: September 2016

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Co(OAc)2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent, and by carbonization and activation of the above precursor nanofibers, porous carbon composite nanofibers were successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, ASAP 2020, and Solartron 1470 were used to characterize the surface morphology, the phase composition, specific surface area, and electrochemical property of the nanofibers, respectively. The result showed that some of the fibers were broken after sintering, and the surface area and pore volume of the porous C/Cu/CNTs were 771 m2/g and 0.347 cm3/g, respectively. The specific capacitance of the composite nanofibers reached up to 210 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. Its energy density and power density were 3.1 Wh/Kg and 2,337 W/Kg, respectively, at the current of 0.5 and 5 mA.