bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Farms as Parameterized in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Fitch Anna C.
Published: May 2015

The local, regional, and global climate impacts of a large-scale global deployment of wind power in regionally high densities over land are investigated for a 60-yr period. Wind farms are represented as elevated momentum sinks as well as enhanced turbulence to represent turbine blade mixing in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), a global climate model. For a total installed capacity of 2.5 TW, to provide 16% of the world’s projected electricity demand in 2050, minimal impacts are found both regionally and globally on temperature, sensible and latent heat fluxes, cloud, and precipitation. A mean near-surface warming of 0.12 ± 0.07 K is seen within the wind farms, with a global-mean temperature change of −0.013 ± 0.015 K. Impacts on wind speed and turbulence are more pronounced but largely confined within the wind farm areas. Increasing the wind farm areas to provide an installed capacity of 10 TW, or 65% of the 2050 electricity demand, causes further impacts; however, they remain slight overall. Maximum temperature changes are less than 0.5 K in the wind farm areas. To provide 20 TW of installed capacity, or 130% of the 2050 electricity demand, impacts both within the wind farms and beyond become more pronounced, with a doubling in turbine density. However, maximum temperature changes remain less than 0.7 K. Representing wind farms instead as an increase in surface roughness generally produces similar mean results; however, maximum changes increase, and influences on wind and turbulence are exaggerated. Overall, wind farm impacts are much weaker than those expected from greenhouse gas emissions, with very slight global-mean climate impacts.
A Wake due to the Maldives in the Eastward Wyrtki Jet
Authors: Nagura Motoki , Masumoto Yukio
Published: May 2015

A wake due to islands in background zonal flow has been observed in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This study detects and examines a wake due to the Maldives in the eastward Wyrtki jet in the Indian Ocean. Observations by acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed east of the Maldives show semiannual variability in cross-equatorial currents, which cannot be explained by annual monsoonal wind forcing. Output from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) shows that the semiannual current variability is a part of a stationary wavelike pattern of meridional currents, which appears east of the Maldives concurrently with the eastward Wyrtki jet. Idealized numerical experiments are conducted using a 1.5-layer model, in which an equatorial jet driven by wind forcing or steady inflow impinges islands that are similar to the Maldives in shape. The results show the meandering of the equatorial eastward jet east of the model islands, and the resulting cross-equatorial currents have a similar pattern compared to those in the OGCM simulation. The momentum budget analysis obtained from the OGCM simulation and the layer model experiments shows a significant contribution of momentum advection to the generation of the wake. Also, the layer model experiments exhibit that the wake is essentially stationary; its zonal wavelength becomes larger when the eastward jet is stronger, and the wake is absent when the equatorial jet is westward. The similarity of the wake in the equatorial jet to stationary damped Rossby waves in the quasigeostrophic barotropic ocean model is discussed.
Variational Correction of Aircraft Temperature Bias in the NCEP’s GSI Analysis System
Authors: Zhu Yanqiu , Derber John C. , Purser R. James , Ballish Bradley A. , Whiting Jeffrey
Published: May 2015

Various studies have noted that aircraft temperature data have a generally warm bias relative to radiosonde data around 200 hPa. In this study, variational aircraft temperature bias correction is incorporated in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Several bias models, some of which include information about aircraft ascent/descent rate, are investigated. The results show that the aircraft temperature bias correction cools down the atmosphere analysis around 200 hPa, and improves the analysis and forecast fits to the radiosonde data. Overall, the quadratic aircraft ascent/descent rate bias model performs better than other bias models tested here, followed closely by the aircraft ascent/descent rate bias model.

Two other issues, undocumented in previous studies, are also discussed in this paper. One is the bias correction of aircraft report (AIREP) data. Unlike Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data, where unique corrections are applied for each aircraft, bias correction is applied indiscriminately (without regard to tail numbers) to all AIREP data. The second issue is the problem of too many aircraft not reporting time in seconds, or too infrequently, to be able to determine accurate vertical displacement rates. In addition to the finite-difference method employed to estimate aircraft ascent/descent rate, a tensioned-splines method is tested to obtain more continuously smooth aircraft ascent/descent rates and mitigate the missing time information.
Reflections on a long career in criminology
Authors: Biles David
Published: May 2015

On the occasion of receiving the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology Distinguished Criminologist Award, David Biles reflects on his long career in criminology and a number of criminal justice agencies. He reviews the establishment of the ANZSOC in 1967, suggesting that it was both premature and serendipitous. He notes particularly the central role of Allen Bartholomew at that time and for the next 13 years. He comments on the changing nature of the membership of ANZSOC and regrets the intellectual separation of academic criminologists and criminal justice professionals that has (perhaps unavoidably) developed. He offers some comments on the membership of the Society and its journal, and suggests a number of issues that he believes deserve more attention and research.
Introduction to Generalized Functions and Fourier Transforms
Authors: Krishnan V.
Published: May 2015

Ever since the exposition of Schwartz on theory of distributions, the acceptance of Fourier methods for functions hitherto not amenable to rigorous Fourier analysis (e.g., impulse functions) has become an established fact. The introduction of the concepts of functions of ‘slow growth’ and ‘rapid decay’ provides a reinterpretation of the classical Fourier analysis.
Aims, Objectives and Criteria of Undergraduate Project Work Incorporating Cai
Authors: Adderley K. J.
Published: May 2015

The paper emphasizes the distinction between ‘aims’ and ‘operational objectives’ of project work and classifies both into behaviour-oriented and task-oriented sets.

A particular project, in which a computer assisted instruction programme was compiled and evaluated, illustrates certain criteria which interrelate the project objectives, the learner variables, and the protection of students' interests.
An Undergraduate Course in Computer Engineering
Authors: Hodgson R. M. , Stephenson F. W. , Whitehead D. G.
Published: May 2015

The sophistication of modern computer technology has created a demand for engineers having a new range of skills. The paper discusses the essential ingredients of a course to meet both the above demand and the broader objectives of a university education. The basic philosophy of courses that meet these requirements is considered and, where appropriate, reference is made to our existing scheme.
Role Fulfilment of the Personal Tutor
Authors: Adderley K. J.
Published: May 2015

The efficacy of two different personal support systems for first year undergraduates are compared subjectively and statistically. The response analysis reveals the nature and magnitude of problems experienced in one department and the sources of solutions. Both problems and examination failures were fewer under one of the two systems described.
Ferrite Rod Aerials
Authors: Sutcliffe H.
Published: May 2015

The theoretical behaviour of ferrite rod aerials is discussed in relation to generalized aerial theory. It is shown that the concept of dipole length provides a direct approach to the derivation of a simple and useful equivalent circuit.
Harmonic Analysis of a Triductor — Part II
Authors: Puri I. K.
Published: May 2015

Short circuit, load characteristics and regulation of secondary power of a Triductor and use of control current for power regulation are discussed. Use of the circuit as a voltage regulator and amplifier are mentioned.
An Approach to Optimal Control for Engineering Undergraduates — Part 2
Authors: Owens D. H.
Published: May 2015

This continues an approach to the teaching of optimal control to engineering undergraduates and extends the linear cost results to the case of minimum energy/minimum fuel type problems. The treatment is rigorous but simple and gives direct insight into essential optimization concepts and the difficulties arising in numerical optimization methods.
Co-Operation between Universities and Industry at Postgraduate Level in Britain
Authors: Pender J. T.
Published: May 2015

The aims and degree of co-operation between universities and industry in Britain past, present and future are discussed. Much of the material applies to most branches of science and technology and interdisciplinary research, and the recent development of total technology is also considered.
Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine Characteristics
Authors: O'Kelly D.
Published: May 2015

The phasor diagram for a salient-pole synchronous machine is established by considering the armature current to be the sum of two individual currents due to the excitation and terminal voltages respectively, permitting many features of machine behaviour to be readily illustrated.
A View of Recursive Digital Filter Design Methods
Authors: Bozic S. M.
Published: May 2015

The object of this paper is to examine and explain in a simple manner some of the inherent properties of the bilinear z-transformation as used in the recursive low-pass filter design. It also compares it with the standard z-transformation and illustrates some finer points on a simple design example.
An Evolving Teaching Laboratory for First-Year Students of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Authors: Pramanik A. , Dring D.
Published: May 2015

The paper describes the philosophy, design and operation of an established laboratory course where a more realistic assessment of the student ability/progress has been possible using a scheme which gives improved staff-student contact. The educational advantages of the scheme are also mentioned and discussed briefly.
Introduction to Microprocessor Systems — Part 1
Authors: Powner E. T. , Escuder M. A. , Depledge P. G.
Published: May 2015

A series of articles from first principles which discusses the internal operation and structure of microprocessors from a user's viewpoint rather than that of semiconductor manufacture. The characteristics of the microprocessor and other system components, memory etc., are evaluated and developed into microcomputer configurations. Programming and hardware/software development is also covered primarily by way of examples in a wide variety of applications.
A Colour Television Monitor as a Multibeam Oscilloscope
Authors: Gosden David
Published: May 2015

A technique for using a colour television monitor as a multibeam oscilloscope where the various traces are displayed in different colours is described. The display system has been of considerable value in demonstrating the operation of electronic equipment to a group of students where it is necessary to view and identify several waveforms simultaneously.
Reliability Courses for Students of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Authors: Hodgson R. M.
Published: May 2015

This paper outlines the syllabus for two courses in reliability, an extended course and a minimum-length introductory unit. The courses are suitable for inclusion in undergraduate or master's degrees. Prerequisites are discussed. Texbooks and sources of course material are reviewed.
The Ball and Beam Control Experiment
Authors: Wellstead P. E. , Chrimes V. , Fletcher P. R. , Moody R. , Robins A. J.
Published: May 2015

The construction and use of an electromechanical laboratory control experiment is described. The system, which involves a steel ball rolling on a pivoted beam, presents a mechanically simple system which is nevertheless an illuminating exercise in feedback control.
Some Notes on a Method of Braking a D.C. Motor
Authors: Battersby G. A.
Published: May 2015

The paper looks at a method of reconnecting the machine windings of a d.c. motor to provide a good braking torque with a low electrical input. A comparison is made between the machine and a separately excited one. Finally, it is shown how a series motor may be reconnected to give the same type of performance.
Induction Motor Characteristics Using a Generalized Machine
Authors: O'Kelly D.
Published: May 2015

The torque-speed characteristic of an induction machine may be shaped by varying either rotor resistance or reactance. Both types of control are illustrated by computed and measured values for a generalized machine.
A Laboratory Model of a Ferrite Modulated Microwave Link
Authors: Heaton Alan G.
Published: May 2015

A source of continuous-wave power at 10 GHz is amplitude modulated by signals in the audio frequency range. The modulated signal is transmitted, as a beam, between paraboloids set 10 m apart in the laboratory. Faraday rotation, the modulation and demodulation processes and the link are discussed in terms of a demonstration and class experiments.
A Multi-Channel Frequency Response Teaching Package for an 8K PDP-11 Computer
Authors: Coughlan J. J. , Rutherford D. A.
Published: May 2015

A program to implement an on-line multi-channel frequency response analyser that can test up to six separate dynamical systems in a teaching laboratory is described. The effects, on performance, of word length, storage and timing considerations are outlined, together with descriptions of the program executive and user communication dialogue.
A Simple U.H.F. Transistor Model
Authors: Stewart R. D. , Kasim T. A.
Published: May 2015

By modifying the high-frequency hybrid-pi model and using an interactive circuit analysis program, a linear U.H.F., transistor model has been derived. Models were obtained for two types of transistors and the S-parameters predicted by these models were in good agreement with measurements.
The D.C. Network Analyser: An Effective Instrument for the Teaching of the Load Flow Problem
Authors: Karunaratne S. , Sriyananda H. , Lucas J. Rohan , Induruwa Abhaya S.
Published: May 2015

In electrical circuit and system analysis, it is common practice to represent sinusoidally-varying functions in either circular function or exponential form. This article examines certain aspects of the theoretical background of this topic and illustrates important issues by means of examples.
A Lecture Demonstration of Energy Level Splitting in the Hydrogen Molecule Based on Coupled Electric Resonant Circuits
Authors: Middelhoek S. , Beke W. S. M.
Published: May 2015

A description is given of a lecture demonstration of energy level splitting in the hydrogen molecule. The demonstration is based on the electrical analogue of two coupled resonant circuits. Coupling occurs by mutual inductance. The relevant differential equations describing the hydrogen atom and the tuned circuits are also presented.
Conditions for Which the No-Load Current of an Induction Motor is Greater Than the Standstill Current
Authors: Freeman E. M.
Published: May 2015

The conditions for which the ratio of no-load current to standstill current of an induction motor is greater than unity are discussed in algebraic and graphical terms. For a special case, where the Goodness Factor equals unity, the maximum ratio occurs when R1/ Xm equals the Golden ratio.
An Electromagnetics Laboratory
Authors: Webb P. W.
Published: May 2015

Four experiments devised for an electromagnetics laboratory are described. They include numerical solution of field problems and measurement of antenna radiation patterns and waves reflected at boundaries. The advantage of using a laboratory in the teaching of what can be a highly theoretical subject is discussed.
Converter Blanking Methods for Triac Cycloconverters
Authors: Tso S. K. , Law H. Y.
Published: May 2015

Triac cycloconverters useful for driving induction motors in teaching laboratories must employ converter blanking techniques to avoid short-circuiting of input phases through the triacs. Three simple blanking schemes are described and compared in terms of their relative limitations and suitability for the motor drive application.
A Step-Invariant Design Method for Highpass Digital Filters
Authors: Terrell T. J. , Simpson R. J.
Published: May 2015

A method of designing highpass digital filters to yield a frequency-domain representation is presented using a step-invariant technique. A critical comparison is made between the step-invariant design method and the well known bilinear z-transform approach. It is shown that a practical digital phase-advance network may be realised using the step-invariant method.
Some Applications on Power Assignment: Energy in Both Electrostatic and Magnetostatic Fields, and Power in Balanced Threephase Systems
Authors: Moreno E.
Published: May 2015

Only by means of the general principles of the power assignment are expressions for energy attained in three different systems of physics. We see that this method simplifies the deductions.
Low Frequency Incremental Collector Output Resistance of a Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Hart B. L.
Published: May 2015

A basic consideration of the variation, with collector-emitter voltage, of the minority carrier charge in the emitter as well as the base region of a bipolar junction transistor facilitates a didactic treatment of the dependence of low frequency collector output resistance on aspects of device structure and modelling, and base-emitter circuit drive conditions.
A Review of Some Popular Small Computers
Authors: Bosman M. J.
Published: May 2015

The review gives an assessment of various small computers, covering hardware and software features, options for upgrading and interconnecting, and a discussion of some software packages. Personal viewpoints from actual users of some of the computers are also given.
Linear Integrated Circuit Design in the Curriculum
Authors: Hanrahan H. E. , West S. J.
Published: May 2015

Recent advances in VLSI digital circuit design methods and the silicon foundry concept has put the design of such circuits within reach of students. This paper discusses the design of linear integrated circuits by students. The basic concepts, tools and techniques are reviewed. The areas of common ground and differences between analogue and digital design techniques are highlighted.
Parallel Source Problems
Authors: Jones K. M.
Published: May 2015

Circuits with two or more, a.c. or d.c., sources supplying a load of specified power always give quadratic solutions for terminal voltage. Simple iterative solutions unfortunately converge on the lower one. Avoiding this trap gives some useful lessons.
Programmateur De Memoires Vives Pour Travaux Pratiques D'Electronique Numerique
Authors: Daunay Jean , Leard Michel , Redon Jacques
Published: May 2015

Zur Programmierung von Random-Speichern mit bis zu 256 8-bit-Worten wurde ein billiges System entwickelt. Einfachste Benutzung wurde bezweckt bei gleichzeitig breitestem Anwendungsbereich. Das System ermöglicht Studenten, den ganzen Random-Speicher schnell und leicht zu programmieren, ohne dass ein oft kompliziertes Hilfssystem angewendet werden muss.
The Use of Control Basic in the Teaching of Sampled-Data Theory
Authors: Pratt R. W.
Published: May 2015

A considerable understanding of the nature of sampled-data systems may be gained through experimental exercises. It is shown that CONTROL BASIC II minimises the effort required to write real-time control programs and thus emphasises the practical and theoretical aspects of sampled-data systems. Three experiments of varying difficulty are described.
Microcomputer-Aided Circuit Design Preprocessor
Authors: Ibbitson I. R. , Boardman D.
Published: May 2015

The need for care in designing input graphics programs (preprocessors) for Computer-Aided Circuit Design packages is discussed. A graphics preprocessor and associated algorithm is described whereby a picture presentation by the designer is converted to analysis information by the input graphics program of SPLAP — Sunderland Polytechnic Linear Analysis Program.
Industry-Related Undergraduate Projects in Microstrip Design and Fabrication
Authors: Lawrenson B. , Powlesland M.
Published: May 2015

The organisation of undergraduate project work in the field of microstrip circuitry in close collaboration with a manufacturing company is described. The design and fabrication of several circuits are explained and the results of electrical tests performed on them by students are presented.
Unbalanced Loading of Star-Star Connected Three-Phase Transformer
Authors: Watson D. B.
Published: May 2015

A unified analysis of the unbalanced operation of three-limb, five-limb and three single-phase star-star connected transformers is presented. The straight forward logical mathematical procedure leads directly to the required results.
Adaptive Control Projects within An M.Eng. Course on Digital Control
Authors: de la Sen M.
Published: May 2015

In this paper the development of three projects on digital adaptive control is presented. The projects have both a pedagogical and a research component and have been done by students of a final M.Eng. course. The theoretical parts have also been developed by the students under a previous study of the Goodwin et al. method of adaptive algorithms for linear systems and some suggestions about possible extensions to the bilinear case.
Laboratory Exercise on Linear Induction Motors
Authors: Leisten J. M. , Jones D. R. G. H. , Hobson L.
Published: May 2015

The paper describes the results of an exercise on linear induction motors to demonstrate their principles in an undergraduate laboratory experiment. Basic linear motor characteristics are demonstrated and magnetic field strength measurements made. An equivalent circuit for the motor is derived from practical tests and results processed by a computer to predict motor efficiency and rotor thrust for various values of slip.
Microcomputer-Based Control of a Robotic ARM with Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Lam F. K.
Published: May 2015

The integration of an ultrasonic sensor into a simple, playback-type robotic arm is described. The implemented system is capable of searching and grasping objects within its operating range. The system has proved to be a useful tool for introducing students to the area of robotics. The work also confirms the simplicity of using acoustic sensor in low resolution applications.
Circuit Model and Self-Excitation of the Induction Generator
Authors: Watson D. B.
Published: May 2015

The conventional circuit model of an induction motor is modified to include a rotational e.m.f. This helps to explain induction generator action. The required amount of residual e.m.f. to initiate self-excited induction generation is calculated.
The UK Higher Education Electronics Computer Aided Design Initiative
Authors: Jones P. L.
Published: May 2015

This paper describes the setting up and operation of a scheme to provide industrial standards in software and hardware for the teaching of electronics computer aided design (ECAD) in degree courses throughout the United Kingdom.
A Case for Sequential Control Systems and Programmable Logic Controllers in a University Curriculum
Authors: Devanathan R. , Chai Chin Teck
Published: May 2015

Sequential control systems and programmable logic controllers, though largely ignored in the university curriculum, are gaining importance in industrial automation. This paper reports on the modules on these topics which are included in the undergraduate curriculum in the Nanyang Technological Institute and on the experience gained therefrom.
The Consideration of Operational Limits in Power Transmission with Shunt Reactive Power Compensation
Authors: Ajjarapu V. , Hammer Neil D.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a systematic procedure to determine the range of shunt compensation that can be added at the load end of a transmission line to maintain various operational limits of power systems which include the voltage stability limit. In this procedure different load characteristics are also considered.
Small-Computer Simulation of Logic Circuits
Authors: Silvester Peter P.
Published: May 2015

Simulation is effective as the principal medium for introducing logic circuits in computer engineering programs conforming to IEEE recommendations. The Apodix teaching simulator provides gate and register level simulation for laboratory use and allows off-campus work on personal computers. Learning to use Apodix takes inexperienced students 1–2 hours.
‘Leave us alone!’: Representation of social work in the Russian immigrant media in Israel
Authors: Khvorostianov Natalia , Elias Nelly
Published: May 2015

This article examines the representation of social workers in the Russian-language immigrant press in Israel. Social work is a public service that did not exist in the USSR and most Russian immigrants were not familiar with it before immigration. This lack of basic knowledge underscores the importance of reliable representation of this major public service in the immigrant media. Nevertheless, the findings show that by taking the immigrants’ side under any circumstances, while distorting the function of the social work services, the immigrant press fails to fulfill its socialization role and does not facilitate its readers’ integration in their new society.
A new higher order analysis model for sandwich plates with flexible core
Authors: Tian Ali , Ye Renchuan , Chen Yiming
Published: May 2015

A new kind of higher order analysis model is presented for sandwich plates with flexible core, especially “soft” core. The governing equations derived from equilibrium differential equations of motions are analytically solved for simply supported sandwich plate with a flexible core. The Navier-type solutions for free vibration analysis and static bending are presented for sinusoidal and uniformly distributed loads. The accuracy and convergence of the present theory and solution are ascertained by comparing with various available results, the author considered vary of length-to-width ratios, Young’s modulus ratios between skins and core, thickness ratios between skins and core, and span-to-thickness of sandwich plates. The results show that the present theory can achieve the great accuracy for sandwich plate with flexible core by comparing with existing classical plate theory, first-order shear deformation, higher order shear deformation theory, and finite element software ANSYS.
Parent–Child Conflict, Acculturation Gap, Acculturative Stress, and Behavior Problems in Arab American Adolescents
Authors: Goforth Anisa N. , Pham Andy V. , Oka Evelyn R.
Published: May 2015

The current study examined how acculturation gap, acculturative stress, parent–child conflict, and behavior problems are related in a sample of Arab American adolescents. Seventy-six parent–child dyads completed questionnaires assessing acculturation, parent–child conflict, and behavior problems. Parents and adolescents reported similar levels of acculturation on American mainstream orientation as well as on Arab heritage orientation. Regression analyses showed that the acculturation gap between parents and children in heritage cultural orientation significantly predicted adolescent behavior problems. Mediation analyses revealed that adolescent-reported parent–child conflict partially mediated the relation between acculturative stress and behavior problems. Parent-reported parent–child conflict partially mediated the relation between the acculturation gap and behavior problems. Current findings highlight the importance of examining adolescents’ and parents’ acculturation as well as the underpinnings of parent–child conflict in Arab American families.
An Integrative Model of Inter- and Intragenerational Preconception Processes Influencing Birthweight in the United States
Authors: Kane Jennifer B.
Published: May 2015

Social inequalities in birthweight are an important population health concern as low birthweight is one mechanism through which inequalities are reproduced across generations. Yet, we do not understand what causes these social inequalities. This study draws together theoretic and empiric findings from disparate disciplines—sociology, economics, public health, and behavior genetics—to develop a new integrative intra- and intergenerational model of preconception processes influencing birthweight. This model is empirically tested using structural equation modeling and population-level data containing linked mother-daughter pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and the Children of the NLSY79 (N = 1,580 mother-daughter pairs). Results reveal that birthweight is shaped by preconception factors dating back to women’s early life environment as well as conditions dating back three generations, via integrative intra- and intergenerational processes. These processes reveal specific pathways through which social inequality can transmit from mothers to children via birthweight.
From Kerala to the Gulf: Impacts of Labor Migration
Authors: Rajan S Irudaya
Published: May 2015

This article reviews the economic and social consequences of labor migration from Kerala to the Gulf Region. In India, Kerala is both the major source of migrant workers and the primary recipient of workers' remittances. Based on a survey of 10,000 households in Kerala, the article presents the economic impacts of labor migration in terms of housing quality and amenities and ownership of consumer durables. The social consequences are assessed in terms of how labor migration has affected the care of the elderly and women's roles. A major policy challenge is preparing for the return of migrants.
Owen Meaney as Atonement Figure: How He Saves
Authors: Weaver J. Denny
Published: May 2015

In Images of Redemption, Patrick Sherry displays the reciprocal relationship of literature and theology. The essay applies this complementary relationship in asking about an atonement motif reflected in the death of the eponymous Christ figure in John Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany. The analysis reveals that Irving assumes a traditional satisfaction atonement image, which adds a new element to the literature on the novel, but also illuminates a characteristic of this atonement motif. These insights also explain two points of ambiguity raised by other interpreters, showing that in fact the questions are unanswerable within the theological framework assumed by Irving.
Native Speakers: Identity, Grace, and Homecoming
Authors: Williams Rowan
Published: May 2015

An address delivered on the occasion of the Archbishop receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Conference on Christianity and Literature.

Oh, it was the loneliness none of them could ever forget, that wry distance, as if there were injury for him in the fact that all of them were native to their life as he never could be. (Marilynne Robinson, Home, 249)
Hopeful Reading
Authors: Kriner Tiffany Eberle
Published: May 2015

This essay redefines the task of the reader in light of Christian hope, unfolding how a theology of hope might ground literary criticism. The resulting approach to literature—hopeful reading—considers texts in light of their future becoming in the Kingdom of God. Rather than considering texts as purveyors of hope or possibility for a reader's future, hopeful reading asks critics to non-instrumentally foreground the possibilities in a text's future. The essay explains Christian hope, shows how it might warrant and construct a literary critic's vocation, and offers several extended examples of contemporary critics who seem to be reading hopefully.
Holy and Unholy Deacons in Late Nineteenth-Century Popular Verse
Authors: Marks Patricia
Published: May 2015

Vernacular rhyme about deacons abounded in popular literature in the late-nineteenth century, presenting a thought-provoking interplay between the ideal of diaconal holiness and the vicissitudes of daily life. These verses, ideologically balanced between free will and determinism, used humor to defuse economic and social tensions within rural communities. The use of rural vernacular was a signal that the writer was in tune with bedrock values, the moral cornerstones of the Republic. The single lesson that emerges is that while deacons may be subject to any of the seven deadly sins, true charity means being a good neighbor to the hungry and poor.
Revisiting Dante's Promised End: Eschatological Implications of Péguy's Jeanne d'Arc Mysteries
Authors: Denny Christopher D.
Published: May 2015

In three poems written on the eve of World War I, French poet Charles Péguy (1873–1914) employed the character of Jeanne d'Arc to express dissatisfaction with doctrines of judgment and damnation, exemplified for Péguy in Dante's Divine Comedy. Péguy believed Christianity's dominant eschatological traditions promoted bourgeois individualism and apathy in the face of suffering. Péguy's rejection of these doctrines illustrates a paradoxical strategy of using Jeanne as an advocate in this struggle against expectation of a wrathful divine judgment. With help from theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–1988), I explain how contemporary Christians can appropriate Péguy's eschatological alternative.
Intergenerational contact and mediators impact ambivalence towards future selves
Authors: Jarrott Shannon E. , Savla Jyoti
Published: May 2015

Intergenerational contact can promote positive attitudes towards elders. However, contact with older adults often fosters multiple stereotypes, which may contribute to ambivalence about aging and poorer health in late life. Online survey data from 457 young adults ( M age = 19.4 years; 74% female) were used to explore the relationship between intergenerational contact and ambivalence about self as a future elder. Multiple mediator path analysis was used to test the hypothesis that anxiety, knowledge, and empathy would mediate the impact of intergenerational contact on aging self-ambivalence. Ratings of intergenerational contact predicted ambivalence, but anxiety and empathy mediated the relationship (knowledge did not). Higher ratings of intergenerational contact, lower aging anxiety, and higher empathy predicted lower aging self-ambivalence, which reflected positive expectations for late life in our sample. Intergenerational contact can influence expectations for old age; exchange that fosters empathy and reduces anxiety may encourage individuals to exercise strategies that positively impact health in late life.
Music education intervention improves vocal emotion recognition
Authors: Mualem Orit , Lavidor Michal
Published: May 2015

The current study is an interdisciplinary examination of the interplay among music, language, and emotions. It consisted of two experiments designed to investigate the relationship between musical abilities and vocal emotional recognition. In experiment 1 ( N = 24), we compared the influence of two short-term intervention programs – music and art – on vocal emotion recognition. In experiment 2 ( N = 47), we compared musicians, who had undergone long-term music training, to non-musicians regarding their vocal emotion recognition. The results from experiment 1 revealed that short-term music intervention, which focused on ways music conveys emotions, significantly improved the vocal emotion recognition of the participants., In experiment 2, which examined the long-term effects of music training, there were no significant differences between musicians and non-musicians in vocal emotion recognition. The uniqueness of the short-term intervention and the inconsistency between the two experiments’ findings are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are proposed.
An Application of the Theory of Coulomb Friction to Nutation and Precession in a Gyroscope
Authors: Baker J. Eddie
Published: May 2015

The phenomenon considered is the transitory motion which takes place immediately following the removal of a support from the spinning rotor of a gyroscope. There, the damped nutation which is observed quickly gives way to a steady-state precession. A model involving Coulomb friction is put forward to fully explain the character of the gyroscopic motions and to properly account for the loss in energy of the system.
A Historical Note on the Linear Elastic Law
Authors: Lao Liang , Lao Qing
Published: May 2015

This article presents some records about the direct proportionality between force and displacement which were made by Zheng Xun, a Chinese, 1500 years prior to R. Hooke. Further analysis and comparison are also offered in the article.
Microcomputer Instruction in First-Year Engineering at Waterloo
Authors: Brundett E. , Ratz H. C. , Schneider G. E.
Published: May 2015

During the last six years, microcomputer instruction to first-year engineering students at Waterloo has evolved to a stable format and content. Now, approximately 80% of new students have microcomputer experience. Hence, microcomputer software is demonstrated briefly in a laboratory equipped with an array of monitors and other multimedia facilities, and is followed immediately by student practice on a computer network. Students with limited experience receive additional laboratory demonstrations and personal assistance. Currently, students are introduced in the first week to the microcomputer network, and to a word processor. A brief memorandum is prepared by students to confirm their network access, and to detect students with poor writing skills. In weeks three to six, an electronic spreadsheet, graphing software, and other software are introduced. Assignments are integrated within an Introduction to Professional Engineering course. Microcomputer evaluation is based upon satisfactory completion of an engineering report, and two technical memoranda. Students acquire sufficient experience to continue self-directed learning with the assistance of full-time microcomputer consultants. Students realize that microcomputer skills are essential, both as engineering students and later, as engineering professionals, and their response has been quite favourable.
Two-Surface Approach to the Derivation of Anisotropic Shallow-Shell Theory Equations—Part 1: Transverse Loading
Authors: Mbakogu F. C. , Pavlović M. N.
Published: May 2015

The governing differential equations describing the behaviour of thin, elastic shallow shells having anisotropic material properties and subjected to transverse loading are formulated on the basis of the two-surface shell theory. Apart from its elegance, when compared to existing derivations, the present approach also has clear didactic advantages. The latter include a qualitative study of the shell equations, the elucidation of the meanings of the various quantities in the governing expressions in simple, physical terms, and, finally, the identification of the invariant terms in the field equations in an explicit manner. These advantages stem from the use, in the present scheme, of the two-surface notion of separable bending and stretching effects, and of the Gaussian curvature change as the prime kinematic variable.
Computer Experiments in the Fluids Laboratory
Authors: Boysan F. , Savas D. , Cardew G. , Haider H. , Bullough W. A.
Published: May 2015

An introductory course in computational fluid dynamics for undergraduate students is described. The content of the course is: two lectures; an assisted ‘on computer’ example; several common hands-on exercise tutorials done by the students and an individual task. The whole is intended to give students an appraisal of the potential of CFD rather than an in-depth training.

Various modes of print out are used in order to show up two-dimensional flow features not easily envisaged from analytical or experimental sections of a first degree course. These (velocity) patterns are explained by the students in executive reports which serve as feedback on what the course has done for them and as a consolidation of the aims of the exercise.
Uncertainty of a Least Squares Curve Fit through Points with Known Uncertainties
Authors: Flack Ronald D.
Published: May 2015

Uncertainties in least squares curve fits to data with uncertainties are examined. First, experimental data with nominal curve shapes, representing property profiles between boundaries, are simulated by adding known uncertainties to individual points. Next, curve fits to the simulated data are achieved and compared to the nominal curves. By using a large number of different sets of data, statistical differences between the two curves are quantified and, thus, the uncertainty of the curve fit is derived. Studies for linear, quadratic, and higher-order nominal curves with curve fits up to fourth order are presented herein. Typically, curve fits have uncertainties that are 50% or less than those of the individual data points. These uncertainties increase with increasing order of the least squares curve fit. The uncertainties decrease with increasing number of data points on the curves.
Laboratory Work Coordination for a Large Student Intake
Authors: Chua Patrick S. K.
Published: May 2015

This paper concerns a case study on the laboratory work coordination involving a large intake of students in the School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Nanyang Technological University. It involves the setting up of student groupings for laboratory classes, schedules, attendance registers, marksheets, report submission records, etc. It shows how the coordination for the second-year laboratory course is planned and implemented with the aid of spreadsheet software. The method has been successfully implemented for several years to coordinate the second-year laboratory course [1].
Observations of the Character of a Water Jet
Authors: Weston Kenneth C. , Wang Jianrong
Published: May 2015

High-velocity jets of fluid are encountered in both natural and man-made settings. The geyser, the fireman's hose, and the rocket exhaust are notable examples. Study of the fluid mechanics literature reveals the axisymmetric fluid jet as a fundamental fluid configuration that is rich in physical features. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss a few basic, but important, aspects of the behaviour of a water jet and ways that they may be directly observed by the senses, without recourse to sophisticated measuring devices, to the benefit of science and engineering students of all ages. These are observations which may be readily performed in undergraduate laboratories or even as homework assignments.
A Friction-Bearing Calorimeter Experiment Yielding Joule's Constant
Authors: Mullisen R. S.
Published: May 2015

A simple, friction-bearing calorimeter that yields Joule's constant is described in this paper. The apparatus is easily constructed at minimal expense and may be used as a laboratory experiment. Although the design is very simple, the experimental procedure and data reduction analysis account for gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, translational and rotational kinetic energy, and heat loss. The result is a Joule's constant value accurate within 3%.
Thermal Engineering Design Project: Disk Brake Cooling Simulation
Authors: Mullisen R. S.
Published: May 2015

A thermal engineering design project involving simulated cooling of vented and nonvented disk brakes is described. A heated copper tube was rotated in a manner that replicated the motion of a single vented passageway inside a disk brake rotor. The class assignment required design and construction of equipment, and data reduction using the lumped heat capacity method to obtain heat transfer correlations. The seven student groups plus the author produced 238 data points which were collectively correlated into two Nusselt number curves. The curve for the nonvented brakes simulation was benchmarked against the published literature for a cylinder in crossflow; the deviation was about 31%. The results from the vented brakes simulation which, in addition to the external air flow, had an internal radial flow driven by the rotation produced a 30% cooling augmentation over the nonvented simulation.
Non-Linear Gasoline Tanks and Gauges
Authors: Sommerfeld Jude T.
Published: May 2015

In this article, the dynamic equations describing the behaviour of the liquid level in a gasoline tank, as typically found on a conventional passenger car, are developed for a variety of geometric tank shapes. Generalized solutions to these equations are then presented for a number of specific such shapes, and these results are compared with actual data taken on an American passenger automobile.
On the Application of Strain Gauges for a Structural Member Subjected to Complex Type of Loading
Authors: Sharma Satish C.
Published: May 2015

Quite often test parts or structural components are simultaneously subjected to different types of loading. If a user is particularly interested in carrying out measurement corresponding to a specific loading only, then the proper use of strain gauge connections on a Wheatstone bridge circuit needs careful consideration. This article is intended to clearly demonstrate to the undergraduate mechanical engineering students how to carry out strain measurements sensitive to a particular type of loading while eliminating the contribution corresponding to unwanted loadings.
Time and Space Management in Structural Analysis Problems
Authors: Kihiu John M. , Mutuli Stephen M.
Published: May 2015

In this work, a static linear elastic stress analysis has been performed on a thick-walled cylinder with closed ends under internal pressure. The displacement formulation of the finite element method of structural analysis has been used. Three programs using different solution schemes in Fortran code have been developed. Each of the solution schemes was tested on the different operating systems of DOS and Windows. The thick-walled cylinder was discretized in the radial, hoop and axial directions. The time taken to evaluate the primary and secondary variables during each of the possible discretization modes and the accuracy achieved were determined. The effect of the discretization mode on the time and accuracy of the solution has been presented and highlighted. The results obtained by using the two different operating systems have been compared and the advantages of each system are discussed. The results of using any of the solution schemes have been presented and discussed. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of all the solution schemes are also discussed and highlighted. The importance and applications of the results obtained are emphasized.