bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguagem, poder e ideologia: uma análise crítica discursiva do Escola Sem Partido
Authors: Carvalho Silva Cleverson Ramom
Published: August 2020

“Escola sem Partido” é um movimento político surgido em 2003, que em síntese, busca lutar contra a chamada “doutrinação ideológica”, supostamente promovida pelas escolas e universidades brasileiras. Considerando a linguagem como signo ideológico por excelência, este artigo buscou analisar criticamente o discurso veiculado pelo referido projeto, a partir do contexto social e político e do cartaz intitulado “Deveres do professor”. Para alcançar o objetivo, adotamos a perspectiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso, sustentada teoricamente por autores como Fairclough e Van Dijk. Ao final, os principais resultados apontaram para uma argumentação frágil, contraditória e impraticável, e que no seu discurso ecoa a voz conservadora e antidemocrática de uma parcela significativa da sociedade brasileira.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT IN THE SETTLEMENT OF HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC BY THE UNITED NATIONS
Authors: Yusuf S. Parulian
Published: August 2020

State’s sovereignty enables the execution of governance arrangements and state’s (primary) obligation to protect citizens from the threats of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression. Moreover, sovereignty is considered as a state-owned right to reject forms of interventions. The opposition that arises between sovereignty and the protection of humanity encourages the birth of Responsibility to Protect. The humanitarian crisis occurred in the Central African Republic when the Central African Republic government was unable to stop the insurgency arising in its territory. Seleka and Anti-Balaka rebels were involved in the civil war in the Central African Republic. Seleka rebels attacked a predominantly Christian and Anti-Balaka population attacking a Muslim minority. This is of concern to the international community and encourages the United Nations Security Council to take action to resolve the humanitarian crisis in the Central African Republic under Responsibility to Protect.
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN HANDLING SYRIAN REFUGEES
Authors: Silviana Ria
Published: August 2020

The EU is a European regional organization which was initially formed due to the economic issue. After that, the EU’s focus expanded to the issue of refugees. Nowadays, the EU’s problem of refugees was caused by the phenomenon of the Arab Spring or Arab revolution that occurred in several Arab countries. Including Syria, which is part of this phenomenon. As a result of the rebellion against the Bashar al-Assad government in Syria, then causing humanitarian problems made the Syrian people feel unsafe to live in their own country, so they sought protection in various countries, including going to European countries. They thought that Europe is a safe area and looks better to provide protection for them. But not all of the EU Member States are able and willing to accept the number of refugees that arrived in their country, even though the EU has the regulations regarding refugees protection. So, the EU’s role is needed to handle the Syrian refugees in its Member States.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL DANCE ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Dewi Aplia Eka
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is a country that consists of various ethnics that have a diverse culture with the types and forms of art. One form of traditional art is a traditional dance that requires maintenance, preservation, and protection to be enjoyed by the next generation. Traditional dance is one of the cultural products that are also prone to become victims such as claims occur in Reog Dance and Pendet Dance by neighbouring countries. This research aims to determine the legal protection of traditional dance in International Law and the implementation of the legal protection of traditional dance in Indonesia.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND NATIONAL LAW IN HANDLING MARINE PLASTIC LITTER
Authors: Pramudianto Andreas
Published: August 2020

The spread of marine plastic litter is increasing and dangerous for habitats and marine living such as the discovery of plastic in fish, sea turtles, whale mammals and even seabirds. To suppress and reduce plastic waste in the sea, one of them is to strengthen the role of law both international, regional and national law. The research objective is to analyze international, regional and national law in the perspective of international law sources to deal with marine plastic litter. The research method in this study is an analytical description based on a normative juridical approach. The results of the study show that international law in the perspective of international law sources has attempted to regulate plastic waste in the sea even though it is limited. Handling of marine plastic litter does not yet have comprehensive regulations or regulated separately. In the other hand, national law becomes important in handling at the respective jurisdiction boundaries, although limited in the application of rules due to the existence of national jurisdiction. Provisional conclusions show that international law still has an important role to play especially in relation to marine plastic litter that crosses national borders or outside national jurisdiction.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ramadhan Miftah
Published: August 2020

The Trans-boundary Haze Pollution in the international environment scope is not an uncommon problem to be face nowadays. The case that leads to the controversy of how to solve and to decide which party to responsible brings states over the world to have a significant concern in the case to make a new regulation on cross-border smoke pollution. The method used in this paper is a juridical-normative comparative legal research method. The result shows that in international scope both of ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) and Rio Declaration is not complete enough to handle the case of the trans-boundary haze pollution problem. Therefore, a legal framework is needed to support the international and national regulation concerning on environment.
REGULATION CONCERNING SEAFARER ON MARITIME LABOR CONVENTION 2006
Authors: Anugerah Thio Haikal
Published: August 2020

The enactment of Law No. 15 of 2016 which regulates seafarers results in the adoption of the convention in Indonesia. The adoption of the MLC by the ILO was carried out with the aim of protecting seafarers and the shipping industry. The problem is, Indonesia actually has a regulation on Maritime Affairs, namely in Government Regulation Number 7 of 2000. Then, in terms of whether the State of Indonesia then feels the need to participate in ratifying the MLC. This then attracts the authors to examine the related arrangements regarding seafarers contained in MLC convention. Therefore, the formulation of the problem in this study is how is the regulation about Seafarers in the Maritime Labor Convention, 2006?The problem approach used in this study is the statute approach. This study uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of the study show that the framework of the Maritime Labor Convention or MLC is composed of three parts, namely Articles, Regulation and Codes. The arrangements for seafarers in the MLC consist of six parts, namely: seafarers’ rights; minimum requirements to work for seafarers; working conditions; accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering; health protection, medical care, welfare and social security; compliance and enforcement.
Appointment of the institution of pontificate in Ancient Rome in interpretation of Titus Livius: political-legal aspect
Authors: Borovkov Pavel Sergeevich
Published: August 2020

This article examines the passages of Titus Livius’ first book dedicated to the College of Pontiffs. The author provides arguments regarding the correlation between this fragment and more ancient narrative and documental sources dated back to pontifical weather notes and other priestly documents. Attention is focused on terminology of the ancient author applied for characteristics of legal prerogatives of pontificate, mechanisms of its cooperation with government authorities, provisions of archaic legislation on the questions of religious development of the Roman civitas. The work employs special legal and cross-disciplinary methods, which allowed carrying out an authentic reconstruction of the concepts, interpretation of the perceptions of the government, law and religion inherent to the political-legal thought of Ancient Rome. In interpretation of Titus Livius, the laws of Numa Pompilius on the priesthood manifests as sequential reforms aimed at the establishment of the institutions of administration and formation of public-legal relations in the archaic Rome. In combination with other ancient texts, the lore of Titus Livius on the appointment of pontificate can be carefully used as a starting point for retrospective research of the evolution of political-legal prerogatives of priesthood and establishment of the institutions of public law in Ancient Rome.
Suffrage movement in Manitoba and maternal feminism: the activity of Nellie McClung as the leader of the movement
Authors: Sidorenko Viktoriia
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the role of Nellie McLung in the suffrage movement of Manitoba and the impact of her activity as the ideological and political leader upon success of the movement in achieving the set goals. The author examines the peculiarities of ideological basis and realization of the suffrage agenda and strategy by female movement in the province anchored by Nellie McLung, as well as analyzes the reasons for success of suffrage movement in Manitoba. The assessment of the role of Nellie McLung in the activity of suffrage movement of Manitoba and consolidation of the ideas of maternal feminism within the Russian historiography has not been previously conducted. The author comes to the conclusion on importance of the role of Nellie McLung as the leader of suffrage movement, who was able not only to distribute the ideas of maternal feminism in the province, but also hold an active campaign aimed at achieving the goals of suffrage movement, turning public opinion towards the necessity for acquisition of electoral right by women.
Correlation between intensive phase treatment of antituberculosis drugs with nutritional status of patients with tuberculosis in Kupang city
Authors: Lie William , Buntoro Ika Febianti , Woda Rahel Rara , Lada Christina Olly
Published: August 2020

Background: Indonesia is a country with the third highest tuberculosis incident in the world. Nutritional status is very important to patients with tuberculosis, an optimal nutritional status created an optimal immune system. Lack of adequate nutritional intake, prolonged the anti-tuberculosis drug treatment and caused them to get a slower recovery. Therefore, the writer found the need of knowing the relation of intensive phase treatment of anti-tuberculosis drugs with nutritional status of patients with tuberculosis in Kupang City.Objectives: To know the relation between intensive phase treatment of anti tuberculosis drugs with nutritional status of patients with tuberculosis in Kupang City.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a nested cohort design conducted by 11 public health centers in Kupang City by taking secondary data from medical records. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with 84 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was analyzed univariately, and bivariately using Mc Nemar.Results: From 84 respondents, before intensive phase tuberculosis treatment 61 respondents (72.6%) had abnormal nutrition status, and 23 respondents (27.4%) had normal nutritional status, while after intensive phase tuberculosis treatment from 84 respondents it was found that 50 respondents (59.5%) had abnormal nutrition status, and 34 respondents (40.5%) had normal nutritional status. The result of the bivariate analysis test shows a significant different in nutritional status before and after tuberculosis treatment with p value = 0.001.Conclusions: There was a significant different in nutritional status before and after tuberculosis treatment indicating that anti-tuberculosis drug treatment can affect the nutritional status of patients with tuberculosis.Cl
Potential Drug Candidates for SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Screening and Enhanced Sampling Methods
Authors: Namsani Sadanandam , Pramanik Debabrata , Khan Mohd Aamir , Roy Sudip , Singh Jayant
Published: August 2020

Here, we report new chemical entities that exhibit highly specific binding to the 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) present in the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because the viral 3CLpro protein controls coronavirus replication, 3CLpro is identified as a target for drug molecules. We implemented an enhanced sampling method in combination with molecular dynamics and docking to reduce the computational screening search space to four molecules that could be synthesized and tested against SARS-CoV-2. Our computational method is much more robust than any other method available for drug screening (e.g., docking) because of sampling of the free energy surface of the binding site of the protein (including the ligand) and use of explicit solvent. We have considered all possible interactions between all the atoms present in the protein, ligands, and water. Using high-performance computing with graphical processing units, we were able to perform a large number of simulations within a month and converge the results to the four most strongly bound ligands (based on free energy and other scores) from a set of 17 ligands with lower docking scores. Additionally, we have considered N3 and 13b α-ketoamide inhibitors as controls for which experimental crystal structures are available. Out of the top four ligands, PI-06 was found to have a higher screening score compared to the controls. Based on our results and analysis, we confidently claim that we have identified four potential ligands, out of which one ligand is the best choice based on free energy and the most promising candidate for further synthesis and testing against SARS-CoV-2.
Leaded Aviation Fuel May Present Long-Term Effects on Campus Life from the Adjacent Albert Whitted Airport
Authors: Matthews Joseph , Pandey Madhu
Published: August 2020

Propeller planes and small engine aircraft around the United States, legally utilize leaded aviation gasoline. The purpose of this experiment was to collect suspended particulate matter from a university campus, directly below an airport’s arriving flight path’s descent line, and to analyze lead content suspended in the air. Two collection sets of three separate samples were collected on six separate days, one set in July of 2018 and the second set in January 2019.
An In-Depth Analysis Approach Enabling Precision Single Chain Nanoparticle Design
Authors: Engelke Johanna , Tuten Bryan T. , Schweins Ralf , Komber Hartmut , Barner Leonie , Plüschke Laura , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Lederer Albena
Published: August 2020

The formation of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is typically characterized by a shift towards higher elution volumes in SEC due to size decrease upon folding. However, a step-change in SCNP analysis is required for understanding of the nature of intramolecular SCNP folding. Herein, we exploit a unique combination of SANS, 19F NMR spectroscopy, and multidetection SEC to generate a systematic view of the folded morphology of poly(butyl acrylate) based-SCNPs as a function of their reactive group density and molar mass. In addition to detailed morphological insights, we establish that the primary factor dictating the compaction of SCNPs is their reactive group density, which is ineffective below 5 mol%, reaching maximum compaction close to 30 mol%. Above 20 kDa the molar mass of the precursor polymers has a minor impact on how an SCNP compacts.
Spectroscopic Signature and Structure of Active Centers in Ziegler-Natta Polymerization Catalysts revealed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Ashuiev Anton , Humbert Matthieu , Gajan David , Norsic Sebastien , Blahut Jan , Searles Keith , Klose Daniel , Lesage Anne , Pintacuda Guido , Raynaud Jean , Monteil Vincent , Copéret Christophe , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: August 2020

Despite decades of extensive studies, the atomic-scale structure of active sites in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts remains elusive and a matter of debate. Here, the structure of polymerization ZN catalysts is elucidated from magnetic resonance experiments carried out on samples reacted with increasing amounts of BCl3 so as to enhance the concentration of active sites and observe clear spectroscopic signatures. Notably, we show that EPR and NMR spectroscopy of the activated ZN catalysts enables to observe paramagnetic species whose amount increases in conjunction with the catalytic activity. The joint application of 2D HYSCORE experiments and DFT calculations reveals the presence of bimetallic alkyl-Ti(III),Al complexes that are assigned to the catalytic centers of MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts
Rhombohedral Boron Nitride Epitaxy on ZrB2
Authors: Souqui Laurent , Palisaitis Justinas , Ghafoor Naureen , Pedersen Henrik , Högberg Hans
Published: August 2020

Epitaxial rhombohedral boron nitride films were deposited on ZrB2(0001)/4H-SiC(0001) by chemical vapor deposition at 1485 °C from the reaction of triethylboron and ammonia and with a minute amount of silane (SiH4). X-ray diffraction (XRD) φ-scans yield the epitaxial relationships of 𝑟−𝐵𝑁(0001)∥𝑍𝑟𝐵2(0001) out-of-plane and 𝑟−𝐵𝑁(1120)∥𝑍𝑟𝐵2(1120) in-plane. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed that epitaxial break down of r-BN film occurs approximatively after 10 nm, above which epitaxial growth proceeds only in limited area up to 80 nm of film thickness. Both XRD and TEM demonstrate the formation of carbon- and nitrogen-containing cubic inclusions at the ZrB2 surface. Quantitative analysis from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the r-BN films shows B/N ratios between 1.30 to 1.20 and an O content of 3 to 4 at.%. Plan-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal a surface morphology where an amorphous material comprising B, C, and N is surrounding the epitaxial twinned r-BN crystals. SiH4 exposure prior to growth was found to reduce the amount of the amorphous phase on the surface. Defects such as pitting were also observed on the ZrB2 template surface.
Kesantunan dalam Wacana Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia di Web Forum Topix
Authors: Mutmainah Siti , Rifa’i Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Kesantunan merupakan aturan perilaku yang ditetapkan dan disepakati bersama oleh suatu masyarakat tertentu sehingga kesantunan sekaligus menjadi prasyarat yang disepakati oleh perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan realisasi kesantunan yang terjadi dalam wacana konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia di web forum TOPIX. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode  simak dan teknik catat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan dengan alat penentu ortografis dan pragmatis. Dari hasil analisis data ditemukan realisasi maksim kesantunan yang terdiri atas maksim kearifan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kesepakatan dan maksim simpati. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa tuturan dalam web forum TOPIX didominasi oleh pelanggaran maksim kesantunan. Hal ini membuktikan, wacana dalam web forum TOPIX merupakan wacana yang tidak santun. Adapun penaatan dan pelanggaran yang banyak digunakan yaitu maksim pujian, sehingga dapat  disimpulkan dalam wacana ini banyak menggunakan tuturan pujian dan cacian.
“Bayi Lahir Bulan Mei 1998” dan “Tanah Air Mata”: Kajian Sastra Kontemporer
Authors: Herawati Lilik
Published: August 2020

Sastra kontemporer merupakan sebutan karya baru yang berkembang pada zaman ini. Lahirnya sastra kontemporer menimbulkan propaganda dan mengobrak-abrik tatanan sastra terdahulu yang telah disepakati oleh sastrawan dahulu, hasilnya sastra kontemporer dianggap tidak sesuai dengan sifat-sifat sastra pada umunya pada saat itu. Karena sastra kontemporer ini dianggap menyimpang. Awal munculnya sastra kontemporer  yang diusung oleh Sutardji Calzoum Bachri karena merasa adanya perubahan pada  nilai-nilai serta tatanan masyarakat secara menyeluruh serta tidak adanya campur tangan kebiasaan masyarakat lingkungnya. Terkenalnya sastra kontemporer sampai saat ini dikarenakan awal gebrakannya dan diteruskan oleh sastrawan lainnya di Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang di mana mengerucut serta menitikberatan cara menyelesaikan masalah dan data yang diperoleh cepat diselesaikan secara dipaparkan dengan kata-kata.
Capacidades operativas de las definiciones de caso de COVID-19, para detectar pacientes diagnosticados por RT-PCR.
Authors: Teherán Aníbal A. , Camero Ramos Gabriel , Prado de la Guardia Ronald , Sanabria Cindy , Martínez Víctor M. , Pombo Luis Miguel , Ospina María del Pilar , Mora Lyst E.
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Las definiciones operativas de caso (D.O.C.) para el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19) se construyeron para identificar personas potencialmente infectadas (PPI), en esta investigación medimos las capacidades operativas de sus componentes para discriminar infectados con COVID-19.
Metodología. Con un diseño de corte transversal, utilizando datos contenidos en las fichas de notificación obligatorias y registros médicos de PPI de COVID-19 entre marzo-mayo/2020, atendidos por Cruz Roja IPS en Bogotá, se describieron las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, y se determinaron las capacidades operativas de las D.O.C. y sus componentes para discriminar pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 por RT-PCR.
Resultados. Se identificaron 2174 PPI de COVID-19, la prevalencia de infectados fue 14.7%, edad mediana 36 años, 57.7% mujeres, la mayoría presentó contacto estrecho, entre 12.7-21.1% de infectados eran trabajadores de la salud y 35.2% asintomáticos portadores. Los infectados presentaron con mayor frecuencia fiebre (32.8%; p: <0.001), y en general, 50-60% presentaron síntomas respiratorios. La sensibilidad de las manifestaciones clínicas fue menor al 50%. Los componentes de las D.O.C. más sensibles y específicos para discriminar infectados con COVID-19, respectivamente, fueron el antecedente de contacto estrecho y de viajes a áreas de transmisión local comunitaria en los últimos 14 días.
Discusión. La baja sensibilidad de las manifestaciones clínicas para discriminar pacientes infectados con COVID-19, induce a actualizar las D.O.C. para mejorar la identificación de PPI. Adicionalmente, las medidas para prevenir la propagación en escenarios de atención de urgencias deben optimizarse y contemplar un tamizaje rutinario en salas No COVID.
Kajian penggunaan obat misoprostol sebagai off-label pada pelaksanaan persalinan di Klinik Utama Al-Islam Bandung
Authors: Anggriani Ani , Lisni Ida , Muttaqien Wildan
Published: August 2020

Abstrak Misoprostol sebagai off-label sering digunakan dalam tindakan persalinan baik untuk induksi persalinan maupun untuk pencegahan perdarahan pasca persalinan. Perdarahan pasca persalinan merupakan peyebab terbanyak pada kasus kematian akibat persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketepatan penggunaan obat misoprostol sebagai off-label berdasarkan kriteria penggunaan medis dan ketepatan dosis yang diberikan kepada pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional data rekam medis pasien yang dilakukan secara retrospektif di Klinik Utama Al-Islam Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 87 data rekam medik pasien selama periode bulan Januari-Desember 2016. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 100% penggunaan misoprostol sebagai off-label sesuai dengan kriteria penggunaan medis dan tepat dosis. Terdapat 64% dari total pasien yang diberikan misoprostol dengan total dosis sebesar 800 μg. Kata kunci: Misoprostol, Off-Label, Persalinan  Abstract As off-label misoprostol is the most used in labor either for labor induction or for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Postnatal bleeding is the most common cause of death due to childbirth. The purpose of this research is to identify the accuracy of misoprostol used as off-label based on the criteria of medication and the dose accuration for the patient. An observational retrospective research on medical record data of patients at Al-Islam Main Clinic Bandung. During 2016 had 87 patient's data from January to December was obtained. The results showed that 100% of misoprostol is used as off-label following the criteria of medication and dose accuration. Therefore 64% of total patients had given misoprostol for 800 μg each. Keywords: Labor, Misoprostol, Off-Label
PROFIL KERACUNAN DI FASILITAS KESEHATAN TERSIER KOTA YOGYAKARTA PERIODE 2016 – 2017
Authors: Febriani Suci , Setyaningrum Ndaru , Hadi Ninisita Sri
Published: August 2020

Berdasarkan beberapa studi yang dilakukan sebelumnya, angka kejadian keracunan di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil keracunan di fasilitas kesehatan tersier Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Bahan penelitian adalah rekam medis pasien. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh pasien dengan diagnosa keracunan yang terdata mulai Januari 2016 – Desember 2017 di Instalasi Gawat Darurat rumah sakit tersier Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah kasus keracunan sebanyak 97 kasus. Berdasarkan karakteristik pasien diketahui pasien keracunan laki-laki 62 (64%) dan perempuan 35 (36%). Rentang usia 0 – 11 tahun 18 (19%); 12 – 25 tahun 37 (38%); 26 – 45 tahun 24 (25%); 46 – 65 tahun 15 (15%) dan usia >65 tahun sebanyak 3 (3%). Berdasarkan karakteristik latar belakang pendidikan, pasien tidak pernah sekolah sejumlah 26 (27%); SD 14 (14%); SMP 10 (10%); SMA 36 (37%); Diploma II 1 (1%) dan Sarjana 10 (10%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan kategori pelajar/mahasiswa sebanyak 37 pasien (38%); tidak bekerja 28 (29%); pegawai swasta 10 (10%); petani 6 (6%); buruh 5 (5%); wiraswasta 4 (4%); PNS 4 (4%); ibu rumah tangga 2 (2%); dan TNI/POLRI 1 (1%). Berdasarkan penyebab keracunan dikategorikan karena gigitan hewan 41 kasus (42%); obat 23 (24%); alkohol 14 (14%); produk rumah tangga 10 (10%); pestisida 5 (5%); makanan 2 (2%); minuman, hidrokarbon dan racun tanaman masing – masing 1 kasus (1%). Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berhubungan dengan kejadian keracunan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini diketahui bahwa laki – laki usia remaja dengan tingkat pendidikan SMA pelajar merupakan karakteriktik pasien paling dominan yang mengalami keracunan. Sedangkan berdasarkan kategori penyebab keracunan paling tinggi karena gigitan ular.
SENYAWA BIOAKTIF KROMEN PADA GENUS PEPEROMIA
Authors: Saepudin Syumillah , Susilawati Yasmiwar
Published: August 2020

Senyawa kromen memiliki aktivitas farmakologi yang beragam. Senyawa kromen ditemukan diberbagai genus tanaman. Peperomia merupakan genus terbesar kedua dalam keluarga Piperaceae. Berbagai aktivitas farmakologis Peperomia telah diketahui seperti antidiabetes, antibakteri, antijamur, dan analgesik. Peperomia mengandung metabolit sekunder salah satunya adalah senyawa kromen. Hasil penelusuran pustaka diketahui beberapa spesies Peperomia yang memiliki senyawa kromen antara lain Peperomia pellucida, Peperomia dindygulensis Miq, Peperomia sui, Peperomia villipetiola, Peperomia serpens dan Peperomia oreophila Hensch. Beberapa isolat kromen pada spesies Peperomia telah diuji aktivitas farmakologi antara lain antijamur, antidiabetes dan antiangiogenik.
KAJIAN LITERATUR DAN KROMATOGRAFI UNTUK HERBA KESUM
Authors: Wahab Ibtisam Abdul , Ramli Nor Amlizan , Mohsin Hannis Fadzillah , Jalani Kathleen
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK Spesis Polygonum (misalnya P. aviculare) dilaporkan mempunyai kandungan alkaloid. Begitu juga dengan daun kesum (P. minus Huds), yang terbukti sebagai sumber molekul perubatan semulajadi. Masalah yang diidentifikasi dari kajian kesum termasuklah di dalam aspek fitokimia genus Polygonum ini, yang belum pernah disiasat secara mendalam. Oleh itu, sasaran kajian ini adalah untuk mengulas data biokimia tumbuhan tersebut melalui metode literatur serta menjalankan telaah analisis kimia terhadap ekstrak kesum. Dari artikel dan jurnal penerbitan, bahagian daun dan akar dipelajari melalui kaedah kromatografi kolom. Tambahan itu, sebatian kimia dari kesum dicirikan dengan teknik spektroskopi resonans magnetik nuklear. Temuan signifikan diperolehi apabila senyawa indol dan alkaloid diterpen C20 berjaya dikarakterisasi. Secara kesimpulannya, projek di masa hadapan boleh ditumpu kepada ujikaji antikanser dan anti-penuaan dari herba kesum ini.    Kata kunci  : herba, kesum, literatur, Polygonum ABSTRACT Polygonum species (e.g. P. aviculare) were reported to consist of alkaloidal nature. Likewise, the kesum leaves (P. minus Huds) is proven as a source of natural medicinal compound.  The identified problem in the kesum research would include the phytochemistry aspects of this Polygonum genus, which is not yet thoroughly investigated, via literature search.  Therefore, the aim of this study is to accumulate and review the biochemical data of this herb. From the articles and published journals, the leaves and root extracts were analysed by using liquid chromatographic technique. In addition, the chemical substance from kesum could be elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The significant findings could be obtained when the indole and and C20-diterpene alkaloids were successfully characterised. In summary, future directions of the project could focus on anticancer and anti-aging experiments of this kesum herb.  Keywords     : herb, kesum, literature, Polygonum
Dynamic Changes Analysis of Land Resource Balance in North Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Faroh Elya Pratiwi Isti , Puspaningrani Fatih Cinderaswari , Reinadova Gema , Akbar Muhammad Rais , Anggraeni Novanna Dwi Septyo , Wildiyanti Oki Silvie , Kafafa Utia , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: August 2020

Land resources are part of nature related to the availability of water, nutrients, and food that are dynamic and play an important role in the lives of living creatures, including humans. From time to time, land use experiences changes in response to human activities that benefit their lives. This research was conducted to determine trends in land use change in North Maluku Province, Indonesia, as well as to find out the land resource balance and land carrying capacity in the province. The methods comprised a simple descriptive and quantitative analysis along with spatial analysis using GIS. The results showed that land use in North Maluku Province for paddy fields was higher than that for non-paddy land use. However, the increase in non-paddy land use was greater every year compared with the increase in paddy land use. The land resource balance in North Maluku Province in 2010–2018 also showed a decrease in non-agricultural protected forest, by 150,895.79 ha, as well as an increase in 4,286 ha of irrigated paddy fields. Meanwhile, the land carrying capacity during this same period was found to be declining at a rate of 6% per year, based on the population increase each year within a permanent land area.
TEACHERS’ USE OF INFORMAL FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY CLASSROOMS IN SWAZILAND
Authors: Masuku Mzenzi S. , Oloyede O I. , Kelly Victoria L.
Published: August 2020

The social-economic role of education as a major driver of human development calls for quality education that is rooted on effective teaching and learning. While Swaziland aspires to have products of her secondary education system efficiently joining tertiary training or the workplace, the SGCSE performance trend in Physical Science currently features below expectation. This study explored how teachers in Swaziland used informal formative assessment in their senior secondary school Chemistry lessons. Three purposively sampled lessons from Form 4 and Form 5 were observed. Data were collected through field notes and analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings showed that teachers used informal formative assessment by explaining misunderstood content in fresh ways, giving learners remedial work, initiating hand-clapping, repeating or adjusting initial and probing questions. All in all, teachers used informal formative assessment in line with standard practices though they often resorted to telling learners answers to seemingly demanding questions.
HOMOPHONICS - A WORD OR NOT
Authors: Fortunado Ismael Tabuñar
Published: August 2020

Languages were studied. The author gathered information about different history of languages. This is an extension to homophones. Similarity or difference of pronunciation of letters, syllables, words, numbers, numerals, characters, symbols, signs, … were discussed. Each has an origin and its pronunciation greatly matters in communication. Examples are given to show homophonics.
The evolution of intercultural communicative competence: Conceptualisations, critiques and consequences for 21st century classroom practice
Authors: Hoff Hild Elisabeth
Published: August 2020

This article discusses intercultural communicative competence (ICC) as a present-day theoretical and practical concern. Byram’s (1997) model of ICC serves as a point of departure for the discussion since this is a theoretical construct which has had considerable impact on curriculum development and teaching materials in a number of countries over the past two decades. However, several theoretical criticisms have been directed at the model in recent years, and Byram’s own theoretical stance has evolved since the model was introduced. The aim of the article is to provide insight into how these recent perspectives lay the foundation for a state-of-the-art understanding of ICC. First, the article provides an overview of key issues which have been raised in critiques of Byram’s model. It considers the merits of such evaluations and shows how some of this criticism has been met by Byram’s later work. Second, the article deliberates how reconceptualisations and alternative voices in the academic discourse have illuminated aspects of intercultural communication on which Byram’s model is unclear. In connection with this discussion of theoretical matters, some practical implications for teaching and learning are considered. The article concludes by pointing to the need for a new theoretical model which is suited to serve as a comprehensive guideline for intercultural teaching and learning in the 21st century classroom.
The Effect of some Plant Extracts on the Control of Bacteria Isolated from the Iraqi Currency
Authors: Jafer Khelood Abd  Al-Majeed Mohammed
Published: August 2020

This research was conducted at the technical institute Babylon/ department of community health /medical microbiology lab, to evaluate the efficiency of some plant extract in order on bacterial inhibition which was not recorded the bacteria which isolated from the money.

       The results showed that the extract of the hot water for the plant black pill has a high efficiency in the inhibition of bacteria on nutrient agar at the concentration of the following 25-50-75-100 mg/ml, respectively.They were given of inhibition 33.3 mm, 41.6 mm, 66.6 mm, 91.6 mm. Respectively which is compared with a hot water extract of the plant of castor beans which not record any inhibition of the bacteria.
Optical Constants of Fe2O3 and TiO2:Fe2O3 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Kadhim Asia Hussein , Hasan Nahida B.
Published: August 2020

"In the present work, optical constants have been studied for pure and titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) thin films with different titanium dioxide dopant concentrations (1, 3 and 5 %) prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates. The optical properties of the films, which were prepared with a thickness of (260±10) nm, have been determined by using Shimadzu spectrophotometer, the optical transmittance measurements in the spectral region from (500- 1100) nm. Direct energy gap for (Fe2O3) equal (2.01) eV, it increases with increasing of TiO2%. The optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constants have been calculated for all prepared films. The results show that all optical constants decrease with the increasing of dopant ratios."
Role of ficus carica Leaves Extract in Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Sharhan Abbas Abed , Rasheed Kareem H.
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted to demonstrate the role of  alcoholic extract from ficus carica leaves in the treatment  of  hypothyroidism disease which induced by carbimazole drug. Forty  male rats were divided into five  groups,  eight  for each . group I selected as negative control  and administered orally with normal saline alone, group II served as positive control and treated by carbimazole anti-thyroid  drug for six weeks ,  group  III  was treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg, bw) for six weeks, the  fourth group IV was treated by carbimazole drug (5 mg) for six week to induce hypothyroidism   and then  treated by plant extract (500 mg /kg , bw) , and the fifth V group was  treated by thyroxin drug (100 mg) for six week instead of plant extract.

         The results showed  insignificant differences (P<0.05) in body weight gain in the fourth  group ( carbimazole and plant extract) when compared  with the first  group (normal saline alone), second group (carbimazole alone), third group (plant extract alone  , while the results demonstrated  that a significant  increase (P<0.05)   in body weight gain when  compared with fifth groups (carbimazole and thyroxine). While the results revealed insignificant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of  T3 and T4  in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth  groups  (carbimazole & thyroxin drug ) and the  third group (plant extract alone) when compared  with the first  group ( normal saline alone ), but  there was  a significant increase (P<0.05)  when compared with the  second group (carbimazole alone) , in addition  the  results indicated a significant decrease (P<0.05) when compared  with the third  group, Furthermore, the results revealed insignificant difference (P<0.05) in TSH concentration in the fourth (carbimazole & plant extract), fifth groups (carbimazole & thyroxin drug)   and the  third group (plant extract alone) when compared  with the first  group (normal saline alone) , also the data showed a significant decrease(P<0.05) when compared with the  second group (carbimazole alone). In conclusion, it is possible to use methanolic plant extract from ficus carica leaves in the regulation of hypothyroidism due to the presence of phytochemical components that can affect the mechanism of T3 and T4 production by the thyroid gland.
Effect of Manganese and Potassium Humate on some Vegetative and Yield Parameters of Tomato Plant Lycopersicon esculentum Mill Grown in Plastic House
Authors: Al-Karwi Hassan Hadi Hamza , Al- Ameer Hameed Kadhum Abd
Published: August 2020

Afield experiment was conducted in a plastic house in Al-wattifiyah / Babylon Province during 2016/2017 season , soil texture was Loamy Sand with 3 levels of manganese element (0 , 20 , and  40 mg .L-1) using MnSO4.4H2O, and 4 levels of  potassium humate  (0 , 10 , 20 , and 30 ml.L-1) , and their interaction on some vegetative and yield  parameters of tomato plant Shahira  variety. 4 spraying date among 20 days each, The experiment design was according to RCBD with 3 replicates, means were compared using L.S.D at 0.05 probability level.

       The result show, the treatment (40 mg  Mn.L-1) gave significant increases in plant height, total leaf  No. , leaf area , plant dry matter , leaf content from chlorophyll, leaf dry matter percent, inflorescence number per plant , and No. of flowers per  inflorescence, No. of fruit per plant, fruit weight, total yield of plant , and total yield per m2  gave high value was 212.65 cm, 42.7 leaf , 172.6 ds2 , 185.9 gm , 45.03 spad , 11.8 inflorescence , 10.2 flowers , 47.6 fruits , 101.8 g m , 4.880 kg, and 16.252 kg.m2 respectively . While potassium humate  spraying  treatment (30 ml.L-1) gave high value to same parameters above with 226.4 cm , 44.4 leaf , 180.2 ds2 , 196.4 gm , 46.53 spad , 11.8 inflorescence, 10.3 flowers, 51 fruits , 105.5 gm , 5.394 kg , and 17.862 kg.m2respectively . The interaction treatment (40 mgm Mn.L-1  + 30 ml.L-1 potassium humate) gave the highest value of all parameters mentioned  above.
Multiple-Deposition of Cadmium Oxide Nnanocrystalline Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique
Authors: Rzeaj Khalid Hamdi , Ahmed Hani Hadi , Homady Jumaa Ayob
Published: August 2020

In this work CdO nanocrystalline thin films have been prepared by chemical bath deposition technique(CBD) , on commercial glass substrates at room temperature. cadmium nitrat as a source of cadmium ions(Cd+2) and Ammonium hydroxide as a source of hydroxide ions (OH-2). The effect multiple dip process on the structural and optical properties of CdO films and the use x-ray diffraction(XRD),optical reflection microscope( ORM),and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively(UV) were studied. The results of X-ray diffraction showed  that  conversion of cadmium hydroxide film to cadmium oxide film, the  results  show  of  film  and  increases grain size by increases  the multiple dip process. The optical reflection microscope showed that the films prepared has surface Morphological properties of the thin films and is improved with increased the multiple dip process. The results of optical properties showed that transmittance of film was 74% and decreased with increasing the multiple dip process, and found that the energy gap ranged from 2.24-2.63 eV. and found improved properties films with the multiple dip, This makes them suitable in solar cell applications and the detectors.
Design of Prediction System for Aircraft's Position Based on Inverse Control Technique Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS)
Authors: Raheema Mithaq Nama , Abdullah Ahmad Shaker
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) method to realize the track correlation of Radar. ANFIS is used for the first time in inverse model in addition to model of aircraft position radar from the recorded data. The simulation results show that the proposed ANFIS controller has been successfully implemented. Root mean square error is applied to measure the performance of ANFIS that revealed the optimal setting needed for better estimation of the aircraft position. Results with RMSE less than 10-4 also show that the controller with ANFIS yields good tracking performance, valuable and easy to implement.
ATIVIDADE ORIENTADORA DE ENSINO: uma proposta à produção de significados em Geometria
Authors: Santos Jr. Clovis Lisboa , Maia Lícia De Souza Leão
Published: August 2020

No presente artigo são apresentados os resultados de uma Atividade de Ensino aplicada futuros professores de Matemática com a finalidade de analisar a produção de significados dos participantes acerca do estudo de conceitos geométricos não euclidianos. A Teoria Histórico-Cultural, complementada pela Teoria da Atividade e a Atividade Orientadora de Ensino são os aportes teóricos que subsidiaram a investigação e as ações pedagógicas neste estudo. Assim, apoiamo-nos nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino como um desdobramento da perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, segundo a qual utilizamos como contexto para a negociação de significados entre os participantes. As informações foram captadas por meio da aplicação de uma proposta de intervenção envolvendo 15 licenciandos do curso de Matemática da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Para a construção dos dados obtidos nesse estudo utilizamos os seguintes instrumentos: áudio gravações, Atividade de Ensino, diário de campo e relatórios individuais. O processo de internalização dos conceitos geométricos foi apreendido e analisado, utilizando-se como pressupostos duas categorias: o Conflito – da validade lógica à validade empírica; e a Ruptura – do espaço euclidiano para outros espaços, constituídas por meio das interações entre os participantes. Os participantes ao estudarem modelos geométricos não euclidianos atribuíram significados diferenciados para o conceito da soma de ângulos internos de um triângulo, ampliando assim, a compreensão desse conceito quando constituídos no modelo geométrico euclidiano. Concluímos que o estudo de diferentes modelos geométricos, na perspectiva da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino, promoveu o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico dos licenciandos investigados tornando-se um caminho para a produção de significados no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Geometria.
PEDAGOGIA, MATEMÁTICA E ESTÁGIO EM DOCÊNCIA: a experiência a partir de uma tríade formativa
Authors: Cruz Maria do Carmo Alves da , Pinto Neuza Bertoni , Coutinho Suzana Andréia Santos
Published: August 2020

A necessidade de pensar o lugar ou o não-lugar reservado à educação matemática, seja nos documentos legais, seja nos currículos, impulsiona cada vez mais pesquisadores a identificarem o porquê das defasagens, considerando que desde os primórdios da humanidade até a modernidade, a matemática é vista, num contexto nacional, como inflexível e causadora de traumas em crianças e adolescentes. Considerando este cenário, esta pesquisa objetiva socializar as experiências vivenciadas durante o estágio em docência em Ciências e Matemática, no doutorado em Educação, organizado a partir do conceito de tríade formativa no curso de Pedagogia. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, precedida de revisão bibliográfica, utilizando como método a investigação da própria prática na perspectiva de Ponte (2002), Lima e Nacarato (2009), tendo como interlocutores estudantes de Pedagogia e Professores dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para viabilizá-la, enquanto o aporte teórico considera Zabalza (2014) para discutir estágio; as discussões sobre experiência foram ancoradas em Bondía (2002); Fiorentino e Lorenzato (2006) sobre educação matemática; o conceito de tríade formativa é utilizado a partir de Zanon (2003) e sobre formação de professores Tardif (2008), dentre outros, além dos documentos oficiais, Brasil (2002; 2006; 2015; 2017 e 2019) também foram incorporadas às análises. A pesquisa mostrou que as aprendizagens empreendidas, por meio dos diálogos, integram a constituição do ser docente, evidenciando o quão válido é a aproximação das escolas com a universidade pública. O contato dinâmico e flexível possibilita construir espaços de reflexão-ação-reflexão para qualificar as práticas pedagógicas, tanto das estudantes, dos docentes da educação básica, quanto dos docentes formadores.Palavras chave: Estágio em docência. Tríade Formativa. Ensino de Matemática.