bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positioning regulation of organelle network via Chinese microneedle
Authors: Lin Feng , Xiang Lei , Wu Longxi , Liu Yupu , Jiang Qinzhe , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: April 2024

The organelle network is a key factor in the repair and regeneration of lesion. However, effectively intervening in the organelle network which has complex interaction mechanisms is challenging. In this study, on the basis of electromagnetic laws, we constructed a biomaterial-based physical/chemical restraint device. This device was designed to jointly constrain electrical and biological factors in a conductive screw-threaded microneedle (ST-needle) system, identifying dual positioning regulation of the organelle network. The unique physical properties of this system could accurately locate the lesion and restrict the current path to the lesion cells through electromagnetic laws, and dynamic Van der Waals forces were activated to release functionalized hydrogel microspheres. Subsequently, the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) complex was synergistically targeted by increasing mitochondrial ATP supply to the ER via electrical stimulation and by blocking calcium current from the ER to the mitochondria using microspheres, and then the life activity of the lesion cells was effectively restored.
Novel hydrazone compounds with broad-spectrum antiplasmodial activity and synergistic interactions with antimalarial drugs
Authors: Rosado-Quiñones Angélica M. , Colón-Lorenzo Emilee E. , Pala Zarna Rajeshkumar , Bosch Jürgen , Kudyba Karl , Kudyba Heather , Leed Susan E. , Roncal Norma , Baerga-Ortiz Abel , Roche-Lima Abiel , Gerena Yamil , Fidock David A. , Roth Alison , Vega-Rodríguez Joel , Serrano Adelfa E.
Published: April 2024

The development of novel antiplasmodial compounds with broad-spectrum activity against different stages of
Plasmodium
parasites is crucial to prevent malaria disease and parasite transmission. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial activity of seven novel hydrazone compounds (referred to as CB compounds: CB-27, CB-41, CB-50, CB-53, CB-58, CB-59, and CB-61) against multiple stages of
Plasmodium
parasites. All CB compounds inhibited blood stage proliferation of drug-resistant or sensitive strains of
Plasmodium falciparum
in the low micromolar to nanomolar range. Interestingly, CB-41 exhibited prophylactic activity against hypnozoites and liver schizonts in
Plasmodium cynomolgi
, a primate model for
Plasmodium vivax
. Four CB compounds (CB-27, CB-41, CB-53, and CB-61) inhibited
P. falciparum
oocyst formation in mosquitoes
,
and five CB compounds (CB-27, CB-41, CB-53, CB-58, and CB-61) hindered the
in vitro
development of
Plasmodium berghei
ookinetes. The CB compounds did not inhibit the activation of
P. berghei
female and male gametocytes
in vitro
. Isobologram assays demonstrated synergistic interactions between CB-61 and the FDA-approved antimalarial drugs, clindamycin and halofantrine. Testing of six CB compounds showed no inhibition of
Plasmodium
glutathione S-transferase as a putative target and no cytotoxicity in HepG2 liver cells. CB compounds are promising candidates for further development as antimalarial drugs against multidrug-resistant parasites, which could also prevent malaria transmission.
Supplemental Material: First documentation of Late Paleozoic conodonts from Argentina: Biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic constraints for the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in SW Gondwana
Authors: Voldman Gustavo G. , al. et
Published: April 2024

Conodont systematic paleontology.  
Supplemental Material: Geochemical and petrological diversity of a transcrustal magmatic system driven by mushy magma mixing: Insights from the Triassic dike swarms in East Kunlun orogen, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xiong Fuhao , Yan Dongdong , et al.
Published: April 2024

Text S1: Analytical methods. Figure S1: Representative cathodoluminescence images of zircons and U-Pb concordia diagrams for the studied dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S1: Whole-rock major- and trace-element compositions of the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S3: Major-element compositions of minerals for the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S4: Trace-element compositions of minerals for the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S5: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions for the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S6: Zircon Lu-Hf isotopes for the studied Triassic dike swarms in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Tibetan Plateau.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Spatiotemporal Feature Fusion on EEG
Authors: Ji Dezan , He Landi , Dong Xingchen , Li Haotian , Zhong Xiangwen , Liu Guoyang , Zhou Weidong
Published: April 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a crucial role in epilepsy analysis, and epileptic seizure prediction has significant value for clinical treatment of epilepsy. Currently, prediction methods using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) primarily focus on local features of EEG, making it challenging to simultaneously capture the spatial and temporal features from multi-channel EEGs to identify the preictal state effectively. In order to extract inherent spatial relationships among multi-channel EEGs while obtaining their temporal correlations, this study proposed an end-to-end model for the prediction of epileptic seizures by incorporating Graph Attention Network (GAT) and Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). Low-pass filtered EEG signals were fed into the GAT module for EEG spatial feature extraction, and followed by TCN to capture temporal features, allowing the end-to-end model to acquire the spatiotemporal correlations of multi-channel EEGs. The system was evaluated on the publicly available CHB-MIT database, yielding segment-based accuracy of 98.71%, specificity of 98.35%, sensitivity of 99.07%, and F1-score of 98.71%, respectively. Event-based sensitivity of 97.03% and False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0.03/h was also achieved. Experimental results demonstrated this system can achieve superior performance for seizure prediction by leveraging the fusion of EEG spatiotemporal features without the need of feature engineering.
Spectral algorithm for two-dimensional fractional sine-Gordon and Klein–Gordon models
Authors: Abdelkawy M. A. , Almadi H. , Solouma E. M. , Babatin M. M.
Published: April 2024

Solitons and waves with memory effects are two examples of nonlinear wave phenomena that can be studied mathematically using the fractional nonlinear sine-Gordon equation. It is a modification of the traditional sine-Gordon equation that takes memory effects and nonlocal interactions into account by adding fractional derivatives. A more complex explanation of particle dynamics and interactions within relativistic quantum mechanics is made possible by the fractional Klein–Gordon model, a theoretical framework that expands the standard equation to include fractional derivatives. The study uses shifted Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto and shifted Legendre–Gauss–Radau collocation techniques to solve numerically two-dimensional sine-Gordon and Klein–Gordon models. The study handles two-dimensional sine-Gordon and Klein–Gordon models by extending a collocation approach using basis functions. It suggests a collocation technique that uses a suggested basis to automatically satisfy the conditions. The suggested methods’ spectral accuracy and efficiency are validated by numerical results.
An integral of motion for a Master–Slave system of damped Duffing oscillators with variable coefficients: Nonlinear dynamics and computer simulations
Authors: Barba-Franco José de Jesús , Gallegos Armando , Urenda-Cázares Ernesto , Macías-Díaz Jorge E.
Published: April 2024

In this work, a master–slave system composed by a pair of damped Duffing oscillators with variable coefficients and nonlinear coupling is investigated. An integral of motion for the system is obtained using a symmetry transformation and Noether’s theorem. Some numerical examples are presented for different cases of damping and oscillation frequency, for a varying coupling constant. The system dynamics is studied by means of space-time surfaces, time series and phase portraits. For a constant oscillation frequency, the slave presents envelopes that tend to become chaotic as the coupling constant increases. Meanwhile, as the frequency increases with time, the slave has higher amplitudes and speeds than the master oscillator.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN JAPAN: A COMPREHENSIVE TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS
Authors: GÖK ADEM , DEMIR CANER
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial development (FD) on the share of renewable energy (RE) usage in Japan. The existing theoretical literature and empirical analyses covering different country cases reveal that FD might have positive, negative, or insignificant effect on RE use. Since there is no empirical investigation of the issue for Japan, the study aims to contribute to the literature. To that end, we used several time-series techniques to detect the association between RE usage and FD in Japan over the 1970–2020 period. The results obtained from the ARDL, Hatemi-J, Maki, Tsong et al. and NARDL cointegration tests showed that there is a significant cointegrated relationship between the share of RE use, FD, GDP per capita and trade openness. As for the long-run coefficients obtained from the ARDL, FMOLS, CCR and NARDL estimators revealed that increases in FD and trade openness raise the share of RE usage while increases in GDP per capita reduce it. Briefly, for the Japan case, we may suggest that improving the financial market structure of the country will bear fruit in terms of the share of cleaner and sustainable energy usage.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy products for NUT class of black holes in AdS space
Authors: Pradhan Parthapratim
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we derive the entropy product rule for Taub–Newman–Unti–Tamburino (Taub–NUT)–de Sitter black hole (BH) and Taub–NUT–anti-de Sitter BH. We show that the entropy products in terms of both the physical horizons are mass-independent. Both perturbative approximation and direct method have been considered. By introducing the cosmological horizon, we show that for Taub–NUT–de Sitter BH, there exists a mass-independent entropy functional relation in terms of three horizons namely event horizon (EH), Cauchy horizon (CH) and cosmological horizon (CHH) which depends on cosmological parameter ([Formula: see text]) and the NUT parameter (N). For Taub–NUT–anti-de Sitter BHs, we determine the mass-independent entropy functional relations in terms of two physical horizons (namely EH and CH) which depends on only NUT parameter. Sometimes some complicated functions of EH entropy and CH entropy are also strictly mass-independent. This is plausible only due to the new formalism developed in [S. Wu and D. Wu, Phys. Rev. D 100, 101501(R) (2019)] for NUT class of BHs. The formalism states that a generic four dimensional Taub–NUT spacetime should be described completely in terms of three or four different types of thermodynamic hairs. They could be defined as the Komar mass ([Formula: see text]), the angular momentum ([Formula: see text]), the gravitomagnetic charge ([Formula: see text]), the dual (magnetic) mass [Formula: see text]. Finally, we could say that this universality is mainly due to the presence of new conserved charges [Formula: see text] which is closely analogue to the Kerr-like angular momentum [Formula: see text].
Joule–Thomson expansion of Bardeen black hole with a cloud of strings
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Xia Tiecheng , Ditta Allah , Arora Dhruv , Atamurotov Farruh , Mahmood Asif , Egamberdiev Oybek
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the newly suggested Bardeen BH concept with a cloud of strings around it. Isenthalpic curves in the [Formula: see text] plane are explored concurrently with the investigation of the Joule–Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature. A comparison between the behavior of the BH and the Van der Waals fluid is made in order to shed light on the system and clarify its similarities and differences. A crucial component of our research entails determining corrected entropy in order to comprehend thermal fluctuations. Based on corrected entropy, the thermal stability debate shows that there is no fluctuation when it comes to small BHs. Additionally, we investigate the energy emission process from the Bardeen BH solution with a cloud of strings in order to clarify this important thermodynamic feature.
Production of bound states of magnetic monopoles in high-energy collisions at LHC
Authors: da Silva João Vitor B. , Sauter Werner K.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we present the conducted studies for the production of the monopolium at the LHC in ultraperipheral collisions, using beams of proton–proton (pp) and lead–lead (PbPb) nuclei. The monopolium is the bound state of a monopole–antimonopole pair. The study of the magnetic monopole in this characteristic state is justified due to the very strong coupling constant, which allows us to suggest that this exotic particle can be produced in the bound state. In this approach, the monopolium is described by a wave function, and its solution comes from the numerical method applied to the Schrödinger equation with a modified Cornell potential. The monopolium is produced by a photon fusion production mechanism, with the Weizsäcker–Williams and Drees–Zeppenfeld expressions to describe the lead and proton equivalent photon distributions. We estimate a high-production rate of monopolium for pp collisions with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV and PbPb collisions with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV at the LHC.
Clonoids between modules
Authors: Mayr Peter , Wynne Patrick
Published: April 2024

Clonoids are sets of finitary functions from an algebra [Formula: see text] to an algebra [Formula: see text] that are closed under composition with term functions of [Formula: see text] on the domain side and with term functions of [Formula: see text] on the codomain side. For [Formula: see text] (polynomially equivalent to) finite modules we show: If [Formula: see text] have coprime order and the congruence lattice of [Formula: see text] is distributive, then there are only finitely many clonoids from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. This is proved by establishing for every natural number k a particular linear equation that all k-ary functions from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] satisfy. Else if [Formula: see text] do not have coprime order, then there exist infinite ascending chains of clonoids from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] ordered by inclusion. Consequently any extension of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text] has countably infinitely many 2-nilpotent expansions up to term equivalence.
Cosmic QCD transition: From quark to strangeon nugget and nucleon?
Authors: Wu Xuhao , He Weibo , Luo Yudong , Shao Guo-Yun , Xu Ren-Xin
Published: April 2024

We investigate a crossover quantum chromodynamical (QCD) phase transition that occurred in the early Universe and explore a potential formation scenario for stable strangeon nuggets during this process. To analyze the thermodynamics of the QCD phase involving u, d, s quarks, we employ the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, while the relativistic mean-field model is used to describe the hadronic matter. We consider the participation of strangeons (strange quark clusters with net strangeness) in the quark-hadron phase transition process. During this process, strangeon nuggets are formed, and larger nuggets could survive after the phase transition. The crossover phase transition from quarks to hadrons occur at a cosmic temperature of approximately [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV, and these two phases (quark phase and strangeon nugget-hadronic phase) are connected in a three-window model. We introduce a distribution function of the nugget baryon number, A, to describe the nugget’s number density (equivalent to the mass spectrum). All strangeon nuggets with [Formula: see text] are considered to be stable, where the critical number, [Formula: see text], is determined by both weak and strong interactions. To calculate the thermodynamics of stable strangeon nuggets, a nonrelativistic equation of state was applied, resulting in negligible thermodynamic contributions (pressure, entropy, etc.) compared to the hadronic part. Our study shows that the mass fraction of the strangeon nuggets that survived from the early Universe is comparable to dark matter, suggesting a possible explanation for cold dark matter without introducing any exotic particles beyond the Standard Model.
Moments of inertia in light deformed nuclei: Pairing and mean-field impacts
Authors: Nesterenko V. O. , Mardyban M. A. , Reinhard P.-G. , Repko A. , Kvasil J.
Published: April 2024

The dependence of the moment of inertia [Formula: see text] on the pairing and axial quadrupole deformation [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]Mg and [Formula: see text]Ne was investigated. The study is based on quadrupole-constrained calculations with three cranking approaches for [Formula: see text] (Inglis–Belyaev, Thouless–Valatin, adiabatic time-dependent Hartree–Fock) and a representative set of Skyrme forces (SVbas, SkM*, SLy6). At variance with macroscopic collective models, the calculations predict the specific regime [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]Mg) and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]Ne), where the pairing breaks down. This regime is explained by two effects: full break up of the pairing and specific evolution of a single dominant particle–hole (1ph) configuration with [Formula: see text]. The analysis of experimental data for the ground-state rotational bands in [Formula: see text]Mg and [Formula: see text]Ne shows that such regime is possible at low spins.
Finitely generated weakly monotone C∗-algebra
Authors: Griseta Maria Elena , Wysoczański Janusz
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider the [Formula: see text]-algebra generated by finitely many annihilation operators acting on the weakly monotone Fock space, and we call it weakly monotone [Formula: see text]-algebra. We give an abstract presentation for this algebra, showing that it is isomorphic to a suitable quotient of a Cuntz–Krieger [Formula: see text]-algebra 𝒪A corresponding to a suitable matrix [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we show that the diagonal subalgebra of the weakly monotone [Formula: see text]-algebra is a MASA and we give a detailed description of its Gelfand spectrum.
Sequential Monte Carlo with Adaptive Lookahead Support for Improved Importance Sampling
Authors: Choppala Praveen B.
Published: April 2024

The sequential Monte Carlo, also called the Bayesian particle filter, approximates a posterior probability density function of a latent target state from noisy sensor measurements using a set of Monte Carlo samples. These samples are predicted using an importance density function and then updated using the Bayes’s rule. The updated samples and their corresponding weights provide an estimate of the latent state. The said filtering process is iterated over time for tracking dynamic target states. It is critical to have enough particles in regions of the target state space that contribute to the posterior. The auxiliary and the improved auxiliary particle filters accomplish this by a process that mimics drawing from an importance density that leverages the incoming observation into the sampling step. However these filters are known to fail when the sensor measurements are highly informative and the diffusion over the state transition is large. This paper presents an improvement to the auxiliary particle filter by taking two support points that act as limits in a univariate state space within which particles are samples. The choice of the limits is adaptive. The proposed method is successfully tested using a nonlinear model using simulations.
Stability of the à trous algorithm under iteration
Authors: Johnson Brody , McCreary-Ellis Simon
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the stability of the à trous algorithm under arbitrary iteration in the context of a more general study of shift-invariant filter banks. The main results describe sufficient conditions on the associated filters under which an infinitely iterated shift-invariant filter bank is stable. Moreover, it is shown that the stability of an infinitely iterated shift-invariant filter bank guarantees that of any associated finitely iterated shift-invariant filter bank, with uniform bounds. The reverse implication is shown to hold under an additional assumption on the low-pass filter. Finally, it is also shown that the separable product of stable one-dimensional shift-invariant filter banks produces a stable two-dimensional shift-invariant filter bank.
A novel method addressing NGS-based mappability bias for sensitive detection of DNA alterations
Authors: Sinha Rituparna , Pal Rajat Kumar , De Rajat Kumar
Published: April 2024

A turning point in cancer research is the introduction of massively parallel sequencing technology which greatly reduced the cost and time for genome sequencing. This enhanced the scope for detecting and analyzing the role of structural alterations in cancer. However, certain bias exists in NGS-based approaches, which badly affects the CNV identification process. Moreover, DNA repeats existing in CNV regions need special attention as they will degrade the performance of majority of the existing CNV detection tools, even after applying generalized bias correction method. This motivated this work, where a novel method has been designed to address the issue of DNA repeats and thereby mappability bias existing in regions of CNV. The method consists of three phases, where the first phase computes the alignment information of uniquely mapped DNA reads, considering the base quality and base mismatch parameters at nucleotide level precision. The second and the third phase use a novel approach to allocate the non-uniquely mapped reads to an optimal region of the DNA repeats based on a probabilistic membership model. The proposed method is capable of identifying CNVs present in coding, as well as non-coding region of the DNA, and is also capable of detecting CNVs existing in DNA repeat regions. The methodology achieves a sensitivity greater than [Formula: see text] during the performed simulations, and on real data, the detected variants are validated with the database of genomic variants, where the percentage overlap is also greater than 95%, and has achieved much better breakpoint prediction, as compared with other popular bias correction CNV detection methods.
From Patents to Trademarks: Navigating Value Transference, Successor Products, and Time in the Integration of Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Bican Peter M.
Published: April 2024

Innovative firms are threatened by price-based generic competition, particularly following patent expiration. To combat the so-called “patent cliff” that occurs at patent expiry, some firms are turning to a strategic approach known as value transference. This integrative intellectual property strategy involves transferring the value of a limited life right, such as from a patented invention, to other forms of intellectual property rights, like trademarks. If utilized appropriately, these trademarks can preserve this value indefinitely. The theoretical considerations in my study suggest that an integrated intellectual property rights strategy can enhance financial performance following generic entry. With this paper, I derive propositions to model this effect of strategic intellectual property rights integration. Further, my model extends the analysis of value transference to successor products. It indicates that expanding intellectual property integration strategies beyond its original boundaries to successor offerings amplifies this positive effect. Further, time is identified as imperative for successful intellectual property integration.
Couple Stress-Based Flexoelectric Theory in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates and its Application to an Infinitely Long Dielectric Cylinder
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Zhou Shenjie
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the formulations of the couple stress based flexoelectric theory in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates are presented. By following the two rules of transforming tensor equations from Cartesian coordinates to curvilinear ones: replacing the partial differentiation symbol with the covariant differentiation symbol and ensuring that the identical indices are positioned diagonally, the governing equations, constitutive equations and boundary conditions in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates are obtained. Then the couple stress based flexoelectric theory is specified for cylindrical coordinates. The flexoelectric responses of an infinitely long dielectric cylinder under a uniform electric field are analyzed. Numerical results show that the radial displacement increases rapidly as the mechanical length scale parameter [Formula: see text] increases. When [Formula: see text] is larger than 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, the circumferential displacement decreases rapidly. [Formula: see text] has a large effect on the induced displacements but a small effect on the induced electric potential, while the electrical length scale parameter [Formula: see text] has a small effect on both the induced displacements and the induced electric potential.
Threshold dynamics of a stochastic epidemic model incorporating emotional influence under three-tier media alerts
Authors: Yu Yue , Tan Yuanshun , Tang Sanyi , Mu Yu
Published: April 2024

During the outbreak of emerging infectious diseases, a complex interplay of random events, media messages and human emotions inevitably affects disease transmission. In this paper, we propose a new stochastic epidemic model incorporating emotional influence under three-tier media alerts. Itô’s formula, Lyapunov function method and ergodicity of Markov chain are employed to research the extinction–persistence behavior of diseases. Our findings show that early detection and reporting contribute to effective prevention. However, the intensity of reporting rates and warning thresholds will need to be chosen according to the characteristic of each epidemic. Otherwise, media coverage may have a negative impact on the human psychology of disease prevention and control. A biological paradox emerges: high reporting rate and premature activation of the third-tier media warning may increase the number of infected individuals.
Erbium-based hydrothermal YOF with stark sublevels for in vivo NIR II luminescence nanothermometer
Authors: Liu Zhenghao , Ju Ziyue , Liu Hanyu , Wang Zhan , Lv Ruichan
Published: April 2024

Rare earth luminescent materials have attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field as noncontact temperature monitoring devices with microscopic resolution due to their properties in the visible and near-infrared regions. At the application level, it is required to have a certain temperature monitoring capability in the near-infrared region II window to enhance the tissue penetration depth. Here, two kinds of YOFs: Er[Formula: see text], Yb[Formula: see text] were prepared by co-precipitation and hydrothermal method, and the luminescence was enhanced by ion doping. An Er[Formula: see text]-based ratiometric nanothermometer of 4F[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text] (672[Formula: see text]nm, upconversion luminescence) to 4I[Formula: see text]I[Formula: see text] (1580[Formula: see text]nm/1566[Formula: see text]nm, NIR II downshifting luminescence) were designed with the Stark energy level. When doped with 2% Zn[Formula: see text], the relative temperature sensitivity of YOF prepared by co-precipitation method was improved from 0.30% [Formula: see text] (30∘C) to 0.59% [Formula: see text] (30∘C), expanding its use as a temperature monitoring device possibility. The temperature sensitivity of YOF prepared by hydrothermal method was 1.01% [Formula: see text] (30∘C). Finally, the NIR II luminescence of the prepared nanothermometer was used as a control for temperature monitoring of heating sites in mice. The results showed that it can distinguish heating site from control site and no significant cytotoxicity or damage to the tissues was revealed, indicating its broad prospects in the biomedical field and other temperature monitoring scenarios in the future.
Characterization of cerebrovascular changes in Alzheimer’s disease mice by photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Li Xi , Zhang Zhongyang , Shi Hua , Zhou Feifan
Published: April 2024

The cerebral vasculature plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, the specific association between them remains unclear. In this paper, based on the benefits of photoacoustic imaging (PAI), including label-free, high-resolution,in vivo imaging of vessels, we investigated the structural changes of cerebral vascular in wild-type (WT) mice and AD mice at different ages, analyzed the characteristics of the vascular in different brain regions, and correlated vascular characteristics with cognitive behaviors. The results showed that vascular density and vascular branching index in the cortical and frontal regions of both WT and AD mice decreased with age. Meanwhile, vascular lacunarity increased with age, and the changes in vascular structure were more pronounced in AD mice. The trend of vascular dysfunction aligns with the worsening cognitive dysfunction as the disease progresses. Here, we utilized in vivo PAI to analyze the changes in vascular structure during the progression of AD, elucidating the spatial and temporal correlation with cognitive impairment, which will provide more intuitive data for the study of the correlation between cerebrovascular and the development of AD.
Imaging of human parafoveal area with large field of view in adaptive optics line scanning ophthalmoscope
Authors: Kong Wen , Chen Yiwei , Shi Guohua , He Yi
Published: April 2024

The parafoveal area, with its high concentration of photoreceptors and fine retinal capillaries, is crucial for central vision and often exhibits early signs of pathological changes. The current adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) provides an excellent tool to acquire accurate and detailed information about the parafoveal area with cellular resolution. However, limited by the scanning speed of two-dimensional scanning, the field of view (FOV) in the AOSLO system was usually less than or equal to 2∘, and the stitching for the parafoveal area required dozens of images, which was time-consuming and laborious. Unfortunately, almost half of patients are unable to obtain stitched images because of their poor fixation. To solve this problem, we integrate AO technology with the line-scan imaging method to build an adaptive optics line scanning ophthalmoscope (AOLSO) system with a larger FOV. In the AOLSO, afocal spherical mirrors in pairs are nonplanar arranged and the distance and angle between optical elements are optimized to minimize the aberrations, two cylinder lenses are orthogonally placed before the imaging sensor to stretch the point spread function (PSF) for sufficiently digitizing light energy. Captured human retinal images show the whole parafoveal area with [Formula: see text] FOV, 60[Formula: see text]Hz frame rate and cellular resolutions. Take advantage of the 5∘ FOV of the AOLSO, only 9 frames of the retina are captured with several minutes to stitch a montage image with an FOV of [Formula: see text], in which photoreceptor counting is performed within approximately 5∘ eccentricity. The AOLSO system not only provides cellular resolution but also has the capability to capture the parafoveal region in a single frame, which offers great potential for noninvasive studying of the parafoveal area.
On prime ideals in rings with involution involving pair of generalized derivations
Authors: Charrabi K. , Mamouni A.
Published: April 2024

The overall goal of this research is to explore the interactions that exist between the structure of a quotient ring [Formula: see text] and the behavior of generalized derivations of an arbitrary ring with involution [Formula: see text]. To be more exact, we use two generalized derivations of [Formula: see text] that satisfy algebraic identities involving the prime ideal [Formula: see text] to describe the commutativity of [Formula: see text]. Besides, we offer instances to demonstrate that the multiple constraints necessary in the assumptions of our theorems are not excessive.
Neurological disorders: The use of traditional medicine in Cameroon
Authors: Gamo Franklin Zemo , Djiogue Sefirin , Awounfack Charline Florence , Nange Adjoffoin Chiara , Njamen Dieudonne
Published: April 2024

Neurological disorders constitute 6.3% of the global disease burden in the world. With a global death rate of 12%, these diseases are an important cause of mortality. The burden of neurological disorders is higher in developing countries than in developed countries. However, there is little literature on neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon. Due to the inadequate access to modern medicine and physicians, the high cost, and the side effects of the modern drugs, patients renounced treatment. Traditional medicine is thus presented as an alternative. The World Health Organization reports that about 75–80% of the population of developing countries, mostly in Africa, consult traditional healers and use traditional medicine for their healthcare. In Cameroon, traditional medicines still remain a major source for preventing, diagnosing, and/or treating several household diseases, including neurological disorders. This review analyzes the prevalence of neurological disorders in Cameroon, the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants used to manage nervous system disorders or symptoms, and the importance of pharmacological studies. Some studies done in hospitals located in two towns of Cameroon (Yaoundé and Douala) show that the main neurological disorders are headache and epilepsy. To manage these neurological disorders, many plants are used by traditional doctors and the population. In recent years, some researchers from different university laboratories of Cameroon have tried to elucidate the beneficial effects of plant extracts on neurological disorders, and more is still to be done to prove the pharmacological effects of traditional medicine on nervous system diseases.
In Vivo and In Silico Molecular Modeling Studies of Newly Synthesized Pyrazoles for Their Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Properties
Authors: Yadav Mithlesh , Hareen Shiv K. , Dinkar Ritu , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Shikha , Kumar Nitin , Mali Suraj N.
Published: April 2024

Background: Pyrazole derivatives have gained attention as potential leads for developing anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Chemical modifications of pyrazole structures offer a strategy to enhance their therapeutic properties, while minimizing undesirable effects.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize novel pyrazole derivatives through chemical modifications and assess their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Methods: A series of pyrazole variants were synthesized by reacting various acetophenone derivatives and diethyl oxalate in basic conditions, followed by treatment with glacial acetic acid and hydrazine hydrate. The resulting compounds were further methylated and acetylated. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, and MASS spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the rat paw edema technique induced by carrageenan, while the analgesic activity was assessed using the writhing reflux method.

Results: Among the newly synthesized pyrazole derivatives, compounds 3b, 3e and 3g′ demonstrated significant anti- inflammatory activity with reduced ulcerogenic potential. Compounds 3d, 3b′ and 3d′ exhibited notable analgesic activity compared to the standard drug. The chemical modifications introduced in these derivatives were confirmed through spectroscopic analyses.

Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential of pyrazole derivatives as promising candidates for anti- inflammatory and analgesic drug development. The structural modifications performed in this research improved the therapeutic activities of the compounds, while addressing safety concerns. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and optimize the pharmacological profiles of these novel pyrazole derivatives.
Theoretical Exploration of the Antioxidant Activity, Chemopreventive, and Antineoplastic Potentials of Molecules Present in Morinda lucida, Momordica charantia, and Vernonanthura polyanthes
Authors: de Aguiar Antônio Sérgio Nakao , da Costa Rodrigues Lara Lorhany Gomes , Rocha Jamira Dias , Guimarães Laura Maria Marques , Ramos Laysse Cristina Cândida , Napolitano Hamilton Barbosa , Bailão Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso , Borges Leonardo Luiz
Published: April 2024

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and one of the top four causes of premature death in most countries. Several studies have shown that secondary metabolites found in medicinal plants have anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-genotoxic, and chemopreventive effects. Ethnobotany knowledge points to Morinda lucida, Momordica charantia, and Vernonanthura polyanthes as anticancer plants, turning them into promising candidates for cancer treatment. This study analyzed M. lucida, M. charantia, and V. polyanthes compounds to identify potential antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anticancer agents through in silico analysis. We performed pharmacokinetics, biological activities, and toxicological predictions besides molecular docking. Theoretical calculations on thermodynamic grounds of the antioxidant properties were determined using density functional theory. The molecules damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside identified in M. lucida, M. charantia, and V. polyanthes, respectively, presented good anticancer potential and were chosen for the molecular docking study and DFT calculations. According to Lipinski’s criteria, damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside were classified as potential drugs, especially for the pharmacokinetics criteria. Damnacanthal and momordicin I had high absorption in the gastrointestinal treatment, while quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside had low absorption. These compounds also demonstrated antineoplastic, antimutagenic, and cancer-preventive activity, according to the in silico analysis. In this sense, damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]-rutinoside were chosen to test their potential interactions with the beta estrogen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and xanthine dehydrogenase, respectively, and intermolecular interactions were determined. Regarding the antioxidant potential of the structures, two different mechanisms were scrutinized with the help of their respective molecular descriptors, such as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and one-electron transfer (ET). In conclusion, this computational study revealed that damnacanthal, momordicin I, and quercetin-3-[Formula: see text]rutinoside are promising chemoprotective and anticancer molecules with favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties.
Comparison of Balance and Gait Pattern of Unilateral Transtibial Amputees Using Ranger and Dynamic Response Prosthetic Foot
Authors: Pradhan Sasmita , Mohanty Rajesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

The prosthetic foot is an essential component of transtibial prosthesis whose mechanical properties affect the balance and gait function. The objective of this study is to examine and compare the biomechanical factors of prosthetic gait and balance for low-cost Ranger foot and somewhat comparatively expensive dynamic response (DR) foot most commonly used in developing countries. Thirty-six subjects with unilateral traumatic transtibial amputation were analyzed for balance and gait attributes using the HUMACⓇ Balance and Tilt system and 3D motion analysis system with force platform and high-precision optoelectronic cameras, respectively. The paired [Formula: see text]-test was used to compare the means for static and dynamic balance variables, stride characteristics, and physiological cost index with the [Formula: see text]-value set as 0.05 for statistical significance. The results revealed that the prosthetic foot design affects the overall balance performance and gait attributes including the physiological energy cost. The DR foot performed better than the Ranger foot in terms of stride characteristics and energy consumption with a significant difference ([Formula: see text]) except for the mean walking velocity ([Formula: see text]). However, with no articulation at the ankle joint, the Ranger foot improved balance scores with increased stability score ([Formula: see text]), minimizing the excursion of CoP and reducing path length and average velocity. Therefore, the use of Ranger and low-profile DR multiflex feet should be encouraged in the transitory and definitive transtibial prosthetic rehabilitations, respectively, considering the dual advantages of balance and gait attributes.
Eurasia Basin Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element
Authors: Faleide Jan Inge , Abdelmalak Mohamed Mansour , Minakov Alexander , Meza-Cala Juan Camilo , Lasabuda Amando P. E. , Gaina Carmen , Drachev Sergey S.
Published: April 2024

The Eurasia Basin formed by continental break-up and separation of the Lomonosov Ridge from the northern Barents–Kara Shelf at about 56–54 Ma. It was a restricted oceanic basin from its formation up until the Miocene, when extensive water circulation between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans commenced through the Fram Strait gateway. The opening of the oceanic gateway had a large impact on palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate, which evolved from an Eocene greenhouse to a Neogene icehouse associated with northern hemisphere glaciations. The Eocene–present sedimentary fill of the Eurasia Basin was mainly sourced from surrounding shelf areas in the Barents, Kara and Laptev seas, which experienced widespread Cenozoic uplift and erosion during several phases. The stratigraphy of the Eurasia Basin is poorly constrained due to a lack of boreholes penetrating the basin fill. We therefore have to rely on seismic stratigraphy and tentative ages assigned to sequences and their boundaries terminating on top of oceanic basement of known age. This contribution covers two tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): the Eurasia Basin Oceanic TSE and the Eurasia Basin Prograded Margin TSE, which are closely connected and difficult to draw a distinct boundary between.
Advances in the Development of Bacterial Bioluminescence Imaging
Authors: Jiang Tianyu , Bai Xiaoyu , Li Minyong
Published: April 2024

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful method for visualizing biological processes and tracking cells. Engineered bioluminescent bacteria that utilize luciferase-catalyzed biochemical reactions to generate luminescence have become useful analytical tools for in vitro and in vivo bacterial imaging. Accordingly, this review initially introduces the development of engineered bioluminescent bacteria that use different luciferase–luciferin pairs as analytical tools and their applications for in vivo BLI, including real-time bacterial tracking of infection, probiotic investigation, tumor-targeted therapy, and drug screening. Applications of engineered bioluminescent bacteria as whole-cell biosensors for sensing biological changes in vitro and in vivo are then discussed. Finally, we review the optimizations and future directions of bioluminescent bacteria for imaging. This review aims to provide fundamental insights into bacterial BLI and highlight the potential development of this technique in the future.
The Evolution of Massive Binary Stars
Authors: Marchant Pablo , Bodensteiner Julia
Published: April 2024

Massive stars play a major role in the evolution of their host galaxies and serve as important probes of the distant Universe. It has been established that the majority of massive stars reside in close binaries and interact with their companion stars during their lifetimes. Such interactions drastically alter their life cycles and complicate our understanding of their evolution, but are also responsible for the production of interesting and exotic interaction products.
▪Extensive observation campaigns with well-understood detection sensitivities have enabled the conversion of observed properties into intrinsic characteristics, facilitating a direct comparison to theory.▪Studies of large samples of massive stars in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds have unveiled new types of interaction products, providing critical constraints on the mass transfer phase and the formation of compact objects.▪The direct detection of gravitational waves has revolutionized the study of stellar mass compact objects, providing a new window to study massive star evolution. Their formation processes are, however, still unclear. The known sample of compact object mergers will increase by orders of magnitude in the coming decade, which is vastly outgrowing the number of stellar-mass compact objects detected through electromagnetic radiation.
Plurality of Worlds
Authors: Mayor Michel
Published: April 2024

Human interest in the possibility of other worlds in the Universe has existed for over two millennia. In recent centuries, this question has been translated into the following terms: Are there planetary systems linked to stars other than the Sun?Developments in astronomical instrumentation have transformed this philosophical dream into a new, vibrant chapter in astronomy. This article describes my journey that started over 40 years ago with the exploration of the dynamics of our Galaxy, that brought astonishing scientific progress to which my collaborators and I have contributed, and eventually led to the amazing discovery of the plurality of worlds.
Three Traditions of African American Political Thought: Realism, Reformism, and Nationalism
Authors: Jagmohan Desmond
Published: April 2024

This article argues that conflict rather than consensus defines the history of African American political thought. Its seminal figures have pursued justice along different and diverging lines—including advocating reformist, realist, and nationalist paths. While there is agreement that white supremacy is a form of social, economic, and political domination that should be eradicated, there is disagreement regarding its nature, effects, and resilience. This variance in judgments and inferences regarding the foundations and consequences of white supremacy leads to different accounts of social change, diverging strategic advice for realizing that change, and conflicting political theories. To press this claim, I consider the conflicting political visions of Booker T. Washington (1856–1915), W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963), and Marcus Garvey (1887–1940).