bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Human-Elephant Conflict in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India
Authors: Mohanarangan Ashokkumar , Chinnaiyan Sakthivel , Kaliyaperumal Sudhakar , Shanmugavelu Swaminathan , Desai Ajay A
Published: June 2021

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a negative interaction between elephants and humans. HEC affects local community livelihood and the success of elephant conservation. The Asian elephant population and HEC were studied in the Niligiri Biosphere Reserve in the year 1992 (Balasubramanian et al. 1995) using this information as baseline data. We have studied HEC in the selected 14 villages located in the Moist Deciduous forest and Thorn forest areas of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve from Nov 2006 to Mar 2008, which were part of the earlier study. The data on crop species, elephant damages, protection method and land-use changes concerning HEC were collected fortnightly by direct enumeration and questionnaire survey. A total of 297 crop damage incidences were recorded. The crop-raiding pattern and the peaks in raiding are during monsoon periods were similar to the earlier study. A total of seven people were killed and six were injured by the attack of elephants in the ten years (1998 to 2008) and results in 1.3 incidences/year. The overall crop damage has declined from 2.1% in the early 1990s to 0.98%. The spatial location of HEC indicated that the mean damage percent was higher in the peripheral areas (1.51%) than in the center of the village (0.18%). There is a major shift from crops grown for food (finger millet) to commercial reasons. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effective perimeter length (perimeter with cultivation) and total area of cultivation had a primary influence on the crop damage, followed by the area of degradation around the village and percent edible crops in the boundary. Further, logistic regression on crop-raiding incidences with the independent predictors indicated that among habitats in the MDF the crop-raiding incidences were 95% higher than that of TF. Palatable crop species plantain, paddy, finger millet and vegetable crops were 391% raided more frequently than the non-palatable species. Crops with protection methods were 22% less frequently damaged than the crops without any protection. Thus changes in the crop species, improved protection and land-use changes have reduced HEC in the adjacent areas of Mudumalai TR. The resettlement of villages from the core area of reserve in MDF would greatly reduce HEC in MTR.
Antifungal Features and Properties of Chitosan/Sandalwood Oil Pickering Emulsion Coating Stabilized by Appropriate Cellulose Nanofiber Dosage for Fresh Fruit Application
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Koga Arisa , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko
Published: June 2021

A novel composite edible coating film was developed from 0.8% chitosan (CS) and 0.5% n sandalwood oil (SEO). Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as a stabilizer agent of oil-in-water Pickering emulsion. We found four typical groups of CNF level-dependent emulsion stabilization, including (1) unstable emulsion in the absence of CNFs; (2) unstable emulsion (0.006–0.21% CNFs); (3) stable emulsion (0.24–0.31% CNFs); and (4) regular emulsion with the addition of surfactant. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to reveal the characteristics of droplet diameter and morphology. Antifungal tests against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum, between emulsion coating stabilized with CNFs (CS-SEOpick) and CS or CS-SEO was tested. The effective concentration of CNFs (0.24%) may improve the performance of CS coating and maintain CS-SEO antifungal activity synergistically confirmed with a series of assays (in vitro, in vivo, and membrane integrity changes). The incorporation of CNFs contributed to improve the functional properties of CS and SEO-loaded CS including light transmission at UV and visible light wavelengths and tensile strength. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the biocompatibility of each coating film formulation. Emulsion-CNF stabilized coating may have potential applications for active coating for fresh fruit commodities.
Rhizosphere Enzyme Activities and Microorganisms Drive the Transformation of Organic and Inorganic Carbon in Saline - Alkali Soil Region
Authors: Qu Yunke , Tang Jie , Liu Ben , Lyu Hang , Duan Yucong , Yang Yao , Wang Sining , Li Zhaoyang
Published: June 2021

Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is the main existing form of soil carbon pool in arid saline-alkali land, and its quantity distribution affects the pattern of soil carbon accumulation and storage. Previous studies on soil carbon mostly focus on organic carbon (SOC), and pay little attention to SIC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microorganisms and soil enzymes on the transformation of SOC and SIC in the rhizosphere soil of three maize fields (M1, M2 and M3) and three paddy fields (R1, R2 and R3) under saline-alkali stress, which is a new research topic of soil carbon cycle in saline-alkali soil region. The results showed that the root - soil - microorganism interaction was changed by saline-alkali stress. The results of RDA analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Nitrospirae, catalase, invertase, amylase and β-glucosidase had significant effects on the transformation of SOC and SIC (P<0.05). SOC and SIC in maize and rice rhizosphere soil were mainly driven by soil enzymes and microorganisms under saline-alkali stress, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH were the main factors affecting the conversion process of SOC and SIC.
Effect of ROCK Pathway Manipulation on Actin Cytoskeleton Architecture: The Third Dimension
Authors: Grandy Carolin , Port Fabian , Pfeil Jonas , Gottschalk Kay-Eberhard
Published: June 2021

The actin cytoskeleton with its dynamic properties serves as the driving force for the movement and division of cells and gives the cell shape and structure. Disorders in the actin cytoskeleton occur in many diseases. Deeper understanding of the regulation is essential in order to better understand these biochemical processes. In our study, we use metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) as a tool to quantitatively examine the rarely considered third dimension of the actin cytoskeleton with nanometer accuracy. In particular, we investigate the influence of different drugs acting on the ROCK pathway on the three-dimensional actin organization. We find that cells treated with inhibitors have a lower actin height to the substrate while treatment with a stimulator for the ROCK pathway increases the actin height to the substrate. This reveals the precise tuning of adhesion and cytoskeleton tension, which leads to a rich three-dimensional structural behaviour of the actin cytoskeleton. This finetuning is differentially affected by either inhibition or stimulation.
The Effects of the Molecular Weights of Hyaluronic Acid on the Immune Responses
Authors: Lee Bo Mi , Park Sang Jun , Noh Insup , Kim Chun-Ho
Published: June 2021

Background: The molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HyA) depends on the type of organ in the body. When HyA of the desired molecular weight is implanted into the human body for regeneration of damaged tissue, it is degraded by hyaluronidase in associated with an inflammatory response. This study sought to evaluate the effects of HyA molecular weight and concentration on pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. Methods: The structures and molecular weights of HyAs (LMW-10, MMW-100, MMW-500, and HMW-1,500) were confirmed by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. After treatment of murine macrophages with a low (100 μg/mL) or high (100 μg/mL) concentration of each molecular weight HyA, cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and changes in immune response in both LPS-stimulated and untreated macrophages were evaluated by assessing nitric oxide (NO) production, and analyzing expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes including by RT-PCR.Results: Molecular weights of LMW-10, MMW-100, MMW-500, and HMW-1,500 were 13,241±161, 96,531±1,167, 512,657±8,545, and 1,249,500±37,477 Da, respectively. NO production by LPS-stimulated macrophages was decreased by increasing concentrations and molecular weights of HyA. At a high concentration of 100 μg/mL, HMW-1,500 reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages to about 45%. Using NanoString technology, we also found that the immune-related genes TNF‐α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-11, CCL2, and Arg1 were specifically over-expressed in LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with various molecular weights of HyA. An RT-PCR analysis of gene expression showed that HMW-1,500 decreased expression of classically activated (M1) macrophage genes, such as TNF‐α, IL-6, CCL2, and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, whereas medium molecular-weight HyA (MMW-100 and MMW-500) instead increased expression levels of these genes. HMW-1,500 at a high concentration (100 μg/mL) significantly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Expression of genes associated with anti-inflammatory responses (M2 phenotype), such as TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-11, and Arg1, were increased by high concentrations of MMW-500 and HMW-1,500 in LPS-stimulated macrophages.Conclusions: High molecular-weight HyA (i.e., > 1,250 kDa) inhibits pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages and induces anti-inflammatory responses in a concentration dependent manner.
Prognosis for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Achieving Complete Response After Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Manabe Takahiro , Takii Yasumasa , Oyanagi Hidehito , Nogami Hitoshi , Maruyama Satoshi
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite marked recent advances in chemotherapy, few reports have focused on the prognosis for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) achieving complete response (CR) after systemic chemotherapy. This study investigated the clinical course of mCRC patients achieving CR and evaluated the role of CR in chemotherapy.Methods: This retrospective study searched a prospectively maintained database at the author’s institute to identify medical records for mCRC patients achieving CR after systematic chemotherapy from January 2007 to March 2020.Results: The search yielded 23 patients with confirmed CR to systemic chemotherapy. Median time to CR from treatment initiation was 6.8 months. Maintenance chemotherapy was continued for 22 of 23 patients. Median duration of maintenance chemotherapy was 11.1 months. Disease progression occurred for 17 (73.9%) patients at a median 48.1-month follow-up. Median progression-free survival was 26.6 months. Median overall survival was 91.7 months.Conclusions: Patients with CR to chemotherapy had a high probability of disease progression, but a relatively long-term prognosis. Treatment strategies after achievement of CR should be based an understanding of the high potential that tumor cells will remain. Use of maintenance chemotherapy after achievement of CR is still unclear, the recent data do not demonstrate a negative impact for continuing maintenance chemotherapy after CR.
Danhong Injection Combined With Naoxintong Capsule in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing PCI: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: cai hairong , Sicong Luo , Huanjia Gao , Shuling Liu , Shuai Zhao , Zhishang Li , Weizhang Zhang , Yong Tang , Bojun Chen
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by thrombosis caused by rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaque or erosion ulcer, resulting in complete or incomplete occlusion of blood vessels. ACS is the most common cardiovascular critical disease. Although with the development of coronary intervention technology, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is still high. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of ACS to improve the symptoms and prognosis. Danhong injection (DHI) and Naoxintong capsule (NXTC) may improve the prognosis of patients with ACS, but the evidence-based evidence is still insufficient. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DHI combined with NXTC in the treatment of ACS.Methods/design:This is a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.1752 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will be randomly assigned to receive DHI combined with NXTC or placebo at the ratio of 1:1. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. All participants received conventional treatment. The main outcome measure was the 12-months incidence of MACEs. Adverse events (AE) will also be evaluated.Discussion:This trial is a well designed study according to principles and regulations issued by the China food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The results will provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of DHI combined with NXTC in the treatment of ACS. The results of this study can provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations for treatment of ACS.Trial registration：Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx), ChiCTR-IOR-14005693.Registered on November 12,2014.
Short- and Long-term Effects of Photobiomodulation on Pain, Functionality, Tissue Quality, Central Sensitisation and Psychological Factors in a Population Suffering From Fibromyalgia: Protocol for a Triple-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: NAVARRO-LEDESMA SANTIAGO , Carroll James , Burton Patricia
Published: June 2021

Background: The development of an integral and global treatment to improve the quality of life in those with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is challenging.Methods: This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants will be recruited in a private care practice and randomized to receive either a whole body Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy program or placebo. Primary out comes will be pain (NumericPain Rating Scale; Widespread Pain Index; Symptom Severity Score), functionality (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; The Leisure Time Physical Activity Instrument), quality of soft tissue (elastography) and central sensitisation (pain pressure threshold and the Autonomic Symptom Profile). Secondary outcomes will be psychological factors (Pain Catastrophising scale, Tampa Scale, Self-Efficay questionnaire). Assessments will be at baseline (T1), after session 6 (T2), after treatment (T3) and 2 weeks (T4), 3 (T5) and 6 (T6) month´ follow-up.Discussion: PBM therapy has been shown to reduce pain and inflammation and to increase the rate of tissue repair for a wide range of conditions, but its potential use as a whole body treatment in FM is yet to be explored. This trial will investigate whether whole body PBM therapy is effective at reducing pain intensity, improving functionality, quality of soft tissue, central sensitisation symptoms and psychological measurements. Furthermore, 3 and 6 months follow up will investigate long-term efficacy of this treatment.Trial registration: NCT04248972. Registered on January 29, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04248972?term=navarro-ledesma+santiago&draw=2&rank=2.
Effect of a Taped Filter Mask on Perceived Breathlessness, Heart Rate, Lactate and Oxygen Saturation During a Graded Exercise Test
Authors: Ng Hoi Lam , Trefz Johannes , Schönfelder Martin , Wackerhage Henning
Published: June 2021

Background: Face masks are an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens. However, it is a challenge to keep masks sealed during exercise, as ventilation can increase from 5-10 L/min at rest to up to 200 L/min so that masks may be blown away from the face. To reduce leakage e.g. during exercise, a face mask was developed that is taped onto the face. The aim of this study was to investigate during a graded cycle ergometry test the effect of a taped mask on the perception of breathlessness, heart rate, lactate, and oxygen saturation when compared to a surgical mask and no mask.Methods: Four trained and healthy males and females each (n=8 in total) performed incremental cycle ergometer tests until voluntary exhaustion under three conditions: (1) No mask/control, (2) surgical mask or (3) taped mask. During these tests, we measured perception of breathlessness, heart rate, the concentration of blood lactate and peripheral oxygen saturation and analysed the resultant data with one or two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. We also used a questionnaire to evaluate mask comfort and analysed the data with paired t-tests. Results: When compared to wearing no mask, a taped face mask significantly reduces the maximal workload in a graded exercise test by 12±6% (p=0.001). Moreover, with a taped face mask, subjects perceive severe breathlessness at 12±9% lower workload (p=0.012) and oxygen saturation at 65% of the maximal workload is 1.5% lower (p=0.018) when compared to wearing no mask. Heart rate and the concentration of lactate were not significantly different at any workload. When compared to wearing a surgical mask, wearing a taped face mask has a significantly better wearing comfort (p=0.038), feels better on the skin (p=0.004), there is a lower sensation of moisture (p=0.026) and wearers perceive that less heat is generated (p=0.021). We found no sex/gender differences for any parameters. Conclusions: A taped mask is well tolerated during light and moderate exercise intensity but reduces maximal exercise capacity.
Do we care about eating problems sufficiently in adolescent Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: POLAT OZLEM , YILMAZ SEMRA , CAKIR ESRA PAPATYA
Published: June 2021

Background

Eating problems have been shown to be common in adolescents with T1DM. We aimed to examine the association of eating problems with emotional problems, behavioral attitudes towards treatment and diet adherence.
Method:

The study was conducted with 132 participants, of them 72 were with T1DM (T1DM group) and 60 were healthy controls group. Participants were evaluated using a data form and self-report scales which were Children's Depression Scale (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT).
Results

Rates of having significant scores for CDI, SCARED and EAT in the T1DM group (52.8%, 36.1%, 30.6%, respectively) were higher than control group (21.7%, 8.3%, 3.4,) (p < 0.01). Patients with separate parents, lower parental education, irregular outpatient follow-up, hospitalization in the previous 3 months, diabetes complications and history of refusing insulin injections had higher rates of having significant scores for CDI and/or SCARED (p < 0.05). Having significant scores for EAT was related to person who makes the insulin injections (p < 0.05) and the child's diet adherence (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between EAT and CDI scores (r = 0.309; p = 0.008; p < 0.01).
Conclusion

Adolescents with T1DM have an increased risk of eating and emotional problems. Increasing age, low parental educational level, not taking the responsibility of insulin treatment, strict adherence to diabetic diet and depressive symptomatology were associated with increased risk for eating problems. Identifing the risky cases for eating problems will improve the clinical outcome.
Level of Evidence:

Level II, Prospective Cross-sectional Clinical Study
Pedalium murex L.: Potential genetic resource for herbal medicine and mucilage
Authors: Shekhar Sujata , Rathur Rajat , Singh Rajat P , Kumar Akhilesh
Published: June 2021

Pedalium murex (Pedaliaceae), commonly known as large caltrops in English and bada gokharu in Hindi is an underutilized mucilaginous medicinal herb having multiple uses in traditional system of medicine. It is mainly used to cure reproductive disorders, like impotency in men, nocturnal emissions, gonorrhoea as well as leucorrhoea in women. It is also useful in the treatment of urinary and gastrointestinal tract disorders. The present paper deals with botanical identity, vernacular names, ecology, environmental requirement and growth conditions, origin and geographical distribution, morphological/botanical description, propagation and cultivation, usages as a source of food, mucilage, medicine and biodiesel, important Ayurvedic formulations, phytochemical and pharmacological profile, future prospect.
The difference in the association of risky sexual behaviors with substance use among US adolescents mediated by the type of substance.
Authors: Desai Saral , Kulkarni Nishat , Rehmatullah Sanila
Published: June 2021

Background

Although the relationship between risky sexual behaviors and substance use has been established, the interplay between different types of substances and risky sexual behaviors needs further exploration. We aimed to identify the prevalence of risky sexual behavior in US high school students and study the difference in the association of risky sexual behaviors with substance use mediated by the type of substances.
Method

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2019 data that nationally represents US high school students in grades 9–12. We identified risky sexual behaviors as participants with four or more lifetime sexual partners who did not use a condom during intercourse.
Results

Out of 11,191 participants, 463 (3.9%) engaged in risky sexual behavior. 17- year old (37.1% vs. 23.0% ;p < 0.0001), >= 18-year old (26.0% vs. 12.8% ;p < 0001) and African American participants (16.8% vs. 10.3%; p = 0.04) had higher prevalence of risky sexual behavior. The prevalence of substance use among participants with risky sexual behavior was higher for all substances (p < 0.0001). In regression analysis, steroid use was associated with the highest odds of risky sexual behavior (aOR: 4.87, 95%CI: 2.48–9.57; p < 0.0001) followed by cocaine (3.80, 1.80-8.00; p = 0.001), marijuana (3.36, 1.64–6.89; p < 0.0001), alcohol (2.41, 1.05–5.55; p = 0.039), electronic vapor product (2.05, 1.004–4.19; p = 0.049), and traditional cigarettes (1.58, 1.10–2.28; p = 0.016).
Conclusion

Although the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors is low, the prevalence of substance use is significantly higher in participants with risky sexual behaviors. Among the different types of substances, anabolic steroid use has the highest odds of risky sexual behaviors. Clinicians should remain vigilant for anabolic steroid use when screening adolescents for substance use. Further research is needed to study the effects of anabolic steroids on health risk behaviors.
The impact of an additional year of education on myopia: an interrupted time series in the UK Biobank.
Authors: Woolf Benjamin , Aziz Riaz
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In the past decade, the minimal school leaving age has been raised twice. Previous studies have found evidence for a link between this type of policy and myopia. We aim to use the 1972 raising of school leaving age to estimate the effect of the raising of school leaving age in 2013 and 2015. Methods: We use a segmented regression model to conduct an instrumental time series analyses of the effect of years of education on myopia using the 1972 raising of school leaving age. To recover the effect of a one-year change, we use the effect of the change on years of education and reflective error in an instrumental variables analysis. Results: We found evidence for a 0.60 (SE = 0.10) increase in years of education and, after adjusting for probability of having missing data and sex, a -0.14d (SE = 0.03) for refractive error. Instrumental variables analyse implies a -0.24 d/year (SE = 0.05) change in refractive error for each additional year in education. Conclusion: Our results triangulate the findings of pervious quasi-experimental methods on the effect of years of education on myopia and imply that each raising of school leaving age in the 2010s should be expected to a lead to -0.07 d/yr change in refractive error in the UK population.
Efficacy And Safety of Family Participate In The Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Wang Guoqiang , Li Bin , Wei Huaping , Zhang Zhigang , Chen Ke , Tian Jinhui , Zhu Lei , Lin Qingling , Ding Nannan
Published: June 2021

Background：Long-term immobilization can cause a series of harm to ICU patients, while early rehabilitation can effectively reduce the harm of long-term immobilization and improve the medical outcome of patients. Can family members participate in the early mobilization (FMPiEM) of critically ill patients? Whether the FMPiEM of critically ill patients can reduce delirium, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome and other adverse emotions of ICU patients.Objective: To explore the FMPiEM of critically ill patients on the short-term and long-term outcomes.Methods and design: A single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) is conducted and reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. A total of 120 samples were randomly assigned to the intervention group (FMPiEM) and the control group ( without-FMPiEM).The primary outcome indicators included the incidence of ICU delirium, acquired infection, ICU mortality, and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), while the secondary outcome indicators included mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in ICU (ICU LOS), reintubation, unplanned extubation (UEX), hospitalization costs, and patient outcomes. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Frequency and mean ± standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. B test, t test or Mann-whitney U test were used for statistical inference.Discussion: FMPiEM of critically ill patients maybe not only reduce the incidence of delirium, ICU-AW, but also reduce the mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in ICU, reintubation, UEX and hospitalization costs of critically ill patients, at the same time, without increasing the acquired infection in ICU.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID:ChiCTR2000028902. Registered on 06 January 2020.
Observation of The Curative Effect of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu Decoction Combined With Methotrexate In The Treatment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Based On Ultrasonic Evaluation: Study Protocol of A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shen Jiaying , Chen Qianwen , Yang Guanghui , He Yikun
Published: June 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with the primary clinical symptoms of joint swelling and pain. Early detection of erosion and synovial inflammation at an active stage resulting from RA can prevent damage to the joints and activity restriction. However ,there are still many patients who do not respond to these treatments, the development of newer, safer drugs is urgently needed. Compared to Western medicine, Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction has equal or higher efficacy and safety for RA patients. With the widespread use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), this technology holds great value for the degree of joint damage in RA patients, guiding the clinical selection of treatments, and assessing of prognosis. Therefore, we designed a double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to measure the safety and efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating early stage RA using MSUS. Methods: This study is a randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 152 adult participants with early RA will be enrolled, with balanced treatment allocation (1:1). The experimental intervention will be Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction plus the conventional medicine methotrexate and the control intervention will be placebo plus the conventional drug methotrexate for 3 months. In addition, both groups will receive folic acid during treatment to prevent side effects from methotrexate. The primary outcomes are the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP), hepatic and renal function , visual analog scale, disease activity Score in 28 joints, measurement scale for TCM symptoms, and 7-joints ultrasound score. Discussion: We designed this double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in RA patients using MSUS. The results of this trial may provide insights into how to improve the clinical symptoms, of RA patients and delay further joint destruction. We hope that this trial may provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in treating RA patients and that these results aid researchers, practitioners and patients alike. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Register, ChiCTR2000036141. Registered on 21 August 2020 (Retroactively registered).
Coverage of reforms in the internet edition of «Ukrayinska Pravda»
Authors: Kolupayeva Olena
Published: June 2021

The article aims to explore the specifics of coverage of reforms in the online edition «Ukrayinska pravda» to determine the features of the genre-thematic content of the publications. The study of the peculiarities of media coverage of reforms is relevant due to the lack of a detailed analysis of the thematic focus and structure of publications on reforms. Principal topics for journalists have been identified: medical reform, reform of the prosecution, reform of the army, civil service reform, sports reform. The publications highlight both the positive dynamics in the implementation of reforms and the obstacles to the successful implementation of reforms. Materials from the «NEWS» section are written for informational purposes and do not contain a subjective author’s assessment. Materials from the «COLUMN» section are written as analytical articles or contain elements of different genres. The publications are aimed to draw attention to the problem, assess the effectiveness of reforms, predict possible successes and failures of the reform.
Intelligent Intrusion Detection System using Supervised Learning
Authors: Roy Sandipan , Mandal Apurbo , Dey Debraj
Published: June 2021

Going digital involves networking with so many connected devices, so network security becomes a critical task for everyone. But an intrusion detection system can help us to detect malicious activity in a system or network. But generally, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are not reliable and sustainable also they require more resources. In recent years so many machine learning methods are proposed to give higher accuracy with minimal false alerts. But analyzing those huge traffic data is still challenging. So, in this article, we proposed a technique using the Support Vector Machine & Naive Bayes algorithm, by using this we can solve the classification problem of the intrusion detection system. For evaluating our proposed method, we use NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 dataset. And after getting the result we see that the SVM works better than the Naive Bayes algorithm on that dataset.
Tempo del consumo, consumo del tiempo: bolero y retroutopía
Authors: Mercier Claire , Miranda Eduardo Álvarez
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo considera la reactualización nostálgica del bolero en relación con la creación de una comunidad retro-utópica, la que da cuenta de la transformación capitalista del tiempo en mercancía. Lo anterior se realiza por medio de la consideración del grupo chileno La Flor del Recuerdo que retoma las canciones canónicas del género musical. Después de una contextualización del bolero y de su mutabilidad a lo largo del tiempo, se analizará un conjunto de canciones interpretadas por dicho grupo, con el fin de concluir sobre los alcances de la retro-utopía a la hora de una contaminación capitalista del tiempo.
Las comisuras abiertas de la tierra
Authors: Vargas García Kelly
Published: June 2021

Selección de poemas
Las máscaras de la perversidad en tres cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe. Teatralización de la monstruosidad moral
Authors: Maya Franco Claudia María , Cardona Rodas Hilderman
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza tres cuentos de Edgar Allan Poe (El demonio de la perversidad, El gato negro y El corazón delator). Estos cuentos tienen en común el tema de la perversidad hacia cuya elucidación pretendemos avanzar desde la premisa deleuziana según la cual es preciso volver al espacio literario donde fueron nombradas las perversidades, con el fin de obtener algunas claves de comprensión sobre las causas y consecuencias de la perversidad, así como sobre la naturaleza de estos personajes literarios que, en los tres cuentos citados, se autodefinen como víctimas de esta condición que se encarna en los seres humanos bajo la forma de un demonio. Nos acompañarán en este recorrido los aportes teóricos de Julia Kristeva, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, François Delaporte y Claude-Olivier Doron.
Family affairs – Corporate governance involvement of families and stock market returns
Authors: Franzoi Fabio , Mietzner Mark
Published: June 2021

This study explores the association between family influence in firms and stock market returns in Germany, a country with a less investor-friendly corporate governance system where shareholders cannot directly influence top managers. The study forms portfolios of firms with and without the influence of families as shareholders or members of the firm’s legal bodies. The models estimate portfolio returns from 2003-2013 using a four-factor model. Results suggest that corporate governance is highly correlated with stock returns in Germany. Specifically, they document a significant relationship between family influence and firm valuation. Firms with stronger family influence via voting rights and board-participation are found to have a higher firm value (annualized excess return: 0.48%-6.00%). The study interprets this to mean that families may improve a firm’s internal corporate governance, as their strong motivation and ability to become actively engaged in a firm’s daily operations or to assume a monitoring role distinguishes them from other corporate blockholders. The results add to those of an increasing number of publications finding a positive association between strong family governance and performance. They contribute to a year-long scholarly exploration of performance differences among family and non-family businesses, mainly by defining the former by mere ownership. The study combines a large set of governance provisions into a novel, transparent, and replicable index of family involvement and then estimates the empirical relation with market performance. The index captures influence via shareholder voting rights, considers direct influence of owners on day-to-day operations, and controls for indirect influence via supervisory board. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the HTWK Leipzig.
Modelling the operation of vibratory machine for single-sided lapping of flat surfaces
Authors: Korendiy Vitaliy , Zakharov Viktor , Gurey Volodymyr , Dmyterko Petro , Novitskyi Iurii , Havrylchenko Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

Lapping is one of the finishing technological operations. It can be performed using various manual and automated techniques. One of the most efficient lapping techniques is carried out with the help of vibratory equipment. Among a great variety of vibratory lapping, polishing and grinding machines, the ones of the overhead (suspended) type with double-mass oscillatory systems are not thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the novelty of the present study consists in development and investigation of the double-mass vibratory machine for single-sided lapping of flat surfaces. It consists of the upper lap and the lower carrier connected to one another by six springs radially directed and uniformly distributed along the circle of the lap. The parts, whose upper end faces are to be treated, are fixed in the lower carrier. The lapping process is performed due to the oscillatory motion of the lap relative to the carrier. The differential equations describing the motion of the machine’s oscillatory system are derived. The analytical dependencies for calculating the stiffness coefficients of the springs ensuring the energy-efficient resonance operation mode are deduced. Based on the results of experimental studies of friction forces exerted by each moving surface on the other one during the lapping process, the numerical modelling and computer simulation of the lapping machine operation are carried out. The obtained results can be used while investigating the technological parameters (surface roughness, flatness, accuracy etc.) of the lapping process carried out with the help of vibratory equipment.
Modeling of chatter vibrations in gun drilling process
Authors: Voronov Sergey , Pleshcheev Ivan
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of the gun drilling process is analyzed in this paper. The tool shank is modeled as long straight beam vibrating in transverse direction under action of cutting forces. Axial force component is expressed as proportional to cutting thickness, which is determined as nonlinear function of beam transverse deflection with time delay. Nonlinear equations of motion of the drilling shank are derived. The stability diagram of the system dynamics was determined. The bifurcation analysis of nonlinear differential delay equations by means of multiple scale method was performed. The obtained results were verified by numerical integration of nonlinear equations. The influence of cutting conditions on system stability and chatter amplitude was observed.
Türk Müziği İcralarına Yönelik İnceleme Kriterleri, İcralardaki Tavır Farklılıklarının Sebepleri
Authors: Avcı Akbel Burcu
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmada Türk Müziği icraları dinlenirken dikkat edilen hususlar, Türk Müziği icra tavrındaki değişiklikler ve bu değişikliklerin olası nedenleri, akademisyen görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenerek yorumlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma olgu bilim deseninde kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu ölçüt örneklem yöntemine göre belirlenen on akademisyenden oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz için nitel veri analizi yazılımı ATLAS.ti 8 kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada katılımcıların dinledikleri bir Türk Müziği eserinin icrasında entonasyon, icra tavrı, usul, nüanslar ve eser konularına dikkat ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Türk Müziği icralarında tavır farklılıklarının altında yatan etmenlerin, dönemsel icra-beste alışkanlık ve tercihleri, yöresel icra özellikleri ve kişisel estetik anlayış farklılıkları olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Dijital Kurulumlar ve Etkileşimli Mekanlar
Authors: Çınar Semih , Köse Özkan
Published: June 2021

Günümüz sanat anlayışında teknoloji ve sanat ilişkisi, teknolojinin insan yaşamı üzerindeki hakimiyeti ile paralellik gösteren bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Gelişen teknoloji, birçok unsuru dijitalleştirdiği gibi sanatta da kullanım aracı olarak ele alınılması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Bu durum sonucunda yeni deneyimler ortaya koyması açısından önemli olan “dijital sanat” kavramı ortaya çıkmış olup, beraberinde birçok yeniliği de getirmiştir. Disiplinlerarası sanat anlayışına yeni bir bakış açısı ile dijital ortamı mekan ile bütünleştirip, mekan algısını değiştirerek yeni bir boyuta taşımıştır. Bu çalışmada Dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde oluşturulan dijital enstalasyon örnekleri ve farklı bakış açıları incelenmiştir.
Resim Sanatında Yenidenüretim Nesnesi Olarak Propaganda İmgeleri
Authors: Çakmakçı Mavi , Köse Oktay
Published: June 2021

Propaganda, her yeni ideolojide ve yeni üretim ilişkisinde imgeler ile görünür kılınmıştır. Propaganda imgesinin gösterim biçimleriyle sunulduğu en etkili yerlerden biri ise güncel teknolojinin görsel ve işitsel araçları olur. Özellikle sayısal yayın teknolojileri ile yaratılan görsel dil propaganda için araç olmakla kalmamış, 1900’lerin başından itibaren ideolojik tavrını göstermek isteyen sanatçıları da etkisi altına almıştır. Bu etki ilk olarak sayısal teknolojinin çıktılarının birebir geleneksel imgesel gösterge düzlemlerine eklenmesiyle kendini göstermiştir. Teknolojinin imgelerini ve çıktılarını sanatın içine dahil eden anlayışla birlikte sanatçıların pek çoğu ideolojik söylemini bu araçlarla üretilen imgeler çerçevesinde geliştirmeye başlar. Propaganda imgelerinin sanatsal aktarım biçimlerindeki değişim net olarak izlenirken bu sanatsal uygulama biçimleri kuramsal olarak temellenmeye başlar ve Postmodern dönemin yöntemlerinden biri olan “yenidenüretim” içinde karşılığını bulur. Bu üretim biçiminde bilgi akışının gerçekleştiği medya ve araçlarına ait görüntüler de dahil olmak üzere üretilmiş her tür imge bağlamından kopartılarak başka bir yapıtın nesnesine dönüştürülmektedir. Sonuç olarak araştırmada toplumsal koşullar ve değişen araçlar da düşünülerek propaganda amaçlı üretilmiş imgelerin resim sanatındaki üretim ilişkileri ve bu resimlerin etki alanı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Galerici-Sergi Yapımcısı Olarak René Block ve Fluxus Sanatı
Authors: Özdoğan Türkyılmaz Hatice
Published: June 2021

Bu makalede, küresel sanat ortamının önemli aktörlerinden biri olan Alman galerici, sanat yayıncısı, sanat koleksiyoncusu, sanat danışmanı, sergi yapımcısı ve küratör René Block’un erken dönem galericilik faaliyetleri ile Fluxus sanatçılarıyla kurduğu ilişkilerin başlangıcı ve süreç içerisindeki gelişimi ele alınacaktır.

Çalışmamız kapsamında kaynak ve verilere ulaşma sürecinde, başlıca iki yöntem izlenmiştir: Öncelikle, çeşitli ulusal ve uluslararası arşivler ile veri tabanlarında kapsamlı bir araştırma ve literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra başta René Block’un kendisi olmak üzere Block’la ortak projelerde, sergilerde çalışmış ya da herhangi bir şekilde o süreçleri gözlemleme, deneyimleme imkânı olan sanatçılar, küratörler, müze yöneticileri ve diğer uzmanlarla iletişime geçilerek görüşme ve/veya yazışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kütüphane ve arşivlerden ulaştığımız her türlü yazılı-basılı-görsel-işitsel doküman ile gerçekleştirmiş olduğumuz kişisel görüşme/yazışma ve söyleşilerden elde ettiğimiz yeni bilgi ve veriler makalede değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Ezilenlerin Tiyatrosundan Ezilenlerin Estetiğine Augusto Boal Düşüncesinde Oyuncunun Yeri
Authors: Güngör İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısında tiyatronun yeni bir poetika ile ele alınmasında ve pedagojik yönü üzerinde fikir yürüten öncü isimlerden biri olan Augusto Boal’in oyuncu hakkındaki görüşlerine odaklanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda 1960’larda Brezilya’da baskı ve darbeler sürecinde politik görüşlerini etkileyen toplumsal olaylardan başlayarak Ezilenlerin Tiyatrosu düşüncesinin ortaya çıkış sürecine ardından da 1980 sonrasında Avrupa’da sürgünde geçirdiği yıllarda yaklaşımına kattığı yeni özelliklere, terapi ile yakınlaşmalarına ve bunların oyuncuyu algılama biçimine getirdiği açılımlara göz atılmıştır. Kronolojik bir akışla, toplumsal değişimlerle paralel ele alınan Boal’in yaklaşımının oyuncuyu nasıl yeni bir çerçevede tanımladığı ve toplumsal etkilere yanıtlar üretmeye çalışırken tüm ezilenleri nasıl birer “toplumsal aktör” hâline getirmeye çalıştığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Hakkâri’de Tespit Edilen Şal Dokumaları
Authors: Öztürk Gülşen
Published: June 2021

Hakkâri tarihten günümüze Sümerler, Asurlular, Babilliler, Medler, Persler, Romalılar, Sasaniler, Araplar ve Türklerin egemenliği altında bulunmuştur. Hakkâri’de Ertuşi, Herki, Jirki, Pinyanişi aşiretlerine mensup olan yerel halk yaşamını sürdürmektedir. Şehir fiziki konumu, iklim özellikleri ve demografik yapısı ile kendine özgü bir kültürel dokuya sahiptir. Bu kültürün en belirgin özelliklerinden birini renkli el dokumaları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma konusu olarak Hakkâri dokumaları içinde az bilinen fakat önemli bir yere sahip olan Şal dokumaları seçilmiştir. Hakkâri merkezi, Çukurca ve yakın köylerde her evde Şal dokumalarına rastlamak mümkündür fakat günümüzde bu dokumayı az sayıda kişi devam ettirmektedir. Son dokunan örneklerin belgelenmesi bu açıdan önemlidir.
Belgeleme için yörede alan araştırması yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada dokumayı yapan, dokuması bulunan ve kullanan kişiler tespit edilerek görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dokumaların geçmiş ve günümüzdeki durumuna yönelik, hammadde, dokumaya hazırlık aşamaları ve dokuma tekniği hakkında bilgiler alınarak, renk, motif ve kompozisyon özellikleri incelenmiştir. Hakkâri merkezi, Çukurca ve yakın köylerde 40 adet dokuma örneğine ulaşılmış olup aynı özelliklere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu örnekler içinde farklı köylerdeki 5 adet dokumanın analizi yapılmıştır. Şal dokumasının özelliği yöredeki erkeklerin giydikleri “Şel şepik, Şelü Şepik” ve kadınların giydikleri “Kıras, Gıraz Fistan” adı verilen “Yerli Kıyafet”in üzerine bağladıkları el dokuması bir kuşak çeşididir. Hakkâri’de dokunan şalların diğer yerlerde dokunan örneklerden farkı, dokumanın 3 gücü ve 3 varangelen ile yapılmasıdır.
PROBLEMS OF A CRIMINAL-LEGAL NATURE ARISING IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES RELATED TO THE ILLEGAL WITHDRAWAL OF CAPITAL ABROAD (ARTICLE 193 AND ARTICLE 193.1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
Authors: POZDISHEV Roman S. , Nazarychev Dmitriy V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the criminal-legal characteristics of crimes related to the illegal withdrawal of capital abroad, in particular to the ratio of crimes under Art. 193 and Art. 193.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problem is considered in the context of the investigative practice of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation for 2019-2020, which reveals many difficulties associated with the qualification of currency crimes and the differentiation of a single ongoing crime from a set of crimes. This circumstance determines the relevance of the study. Scientific novelty is expressed in the conclusions reached by the team of authors as a result of the analysis of a significant volume of procedural documents in the category of criminal cases under consideration, including decisions to refuse to initiate a criminal case, decisions to terminate a criminal case, indictments, sentences, which are characterized by the scale on a territorial basis and cover more than 40 regions of Russia. Among the most significant results of the study, one should point out the author’s conclusion about the absence of a unified approach to classifying currency crimes as continuing in legal science and practice, as well as criteria that make it possible to distinguish between the totality of currency crimes and continued currency crime. In order to implement a systematic approach and the subsequent clarity of the stated results, the ratio of evasion from fulfilling obligations to repatriate funds and performing foreign exchange transactions to transfer funds to non-residents’ accounts using forged documents was carried out by highlighting individual elements of these crimes and comparing them with each other, as a result which revealed the distinctive features of the objective side, the subjective side and the subject of the considered type of crime. The research methodology is presented by dialectical, formal-logical, systemic, sociological, functional, comparative-legal and formal-legal methods.