bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Match quality of a linkage strategy based on the combined use of a statistical linkage key and the Levenshtein distance to link birth to death records in Brazil.
Authors: Guillen Luis Carlos , Domenico Juliana , Camargo Kenneth , Pinheiro Rejane , Coeli Claudia
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the match quality of a linkage strategy based on the combined use of a statistical linkage key and the Levenshtein distance to link birth to death records in Brazil. ApproachFirst we evaluated the discrimination power of a statistical linkage key adapted from the Australian SLK-581. The modified statistical linkage key (MSLK-781) was based on the concatenation of the 2nd, 3rd and 5th letters of the mother's family name, the 2nd and 3rd letters of the mother's given name, the 2nd and 3rd letters of the mother's middle name, the child's date of birth and sex. We calculated the proportion of records that have a unique value for the MSLK-781 within the 2013 live births (N=224,038 records) and mortality (N=132,646 records) databases for Rio de Janeiro state. We also calculated the joint unique proportion measure based on the product of these two proportions. Second we evaluated the match quality of a linkage strategy based on the combined use of the MSLK-781 and the Levenshtein distance of the mother's name to link the live births database to death records of singleton children younger than one year of age (N=1,488). To assess the match quality we calculated the sensitivity, the predictive positive value (PPV) and the F-measure. ResultsThe proportion of records that have a unique value for the MSLK-781 within the live birth and the mortality databases were, respectively, 97.5% and 98.8%, which yields a joint unique proportion of 96.1%. The match quality measures of the linkage strategy based only on the MSLK-781 were: sensitivity=83.6%; PPV=98.3%; F-measure=90.4%. Combining the agreement on the MSLK-781 with a Levenshtein distance of the mother's name of less than 4 for the record pairs classification eliminated the false-positive matches (PPV=100%) with a small decline in the sensitivity (81.7%) and the F-measure (89.9%). ConclusionUsing the MSLK-781 combined with the Levenshtein distance can be used as a first pass for linking birth to death records in Brazil without having to send pairs of records to clerical review.
As metas do Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024) para a Educação Básica: um estudo preliminar da região dos cerrados do centro-norte do Brasil
Authors: Leite Sandra Fernandes , Palmen Sueli Helena De Camargo
Published: April 2017

Esse artigo apresenta um mapeamento do PNE - Plano Nacional de Educação (Lei nº 13.005/ 2014) sobre as metas: 01, 02, 03, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12 e 15, ou seja, relacionadas à Educação Básica e focando especificamente no Centro-Norte do Brasil, uma região que recobre parcialmente os estados do Maranhão (Sul), Tocantins (Leste), Piauí (Sul) e Bahia (Oeste) e onde estão surgindo novos polos de expansão da agricultura brasileira. O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar um conjunto de metas do PNE para a região dos cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil para estabelecer um quadro do andamento do PNE na região e estabelecer uma abordagem preliminar de relação entre a educação e o desenvolvimento da região. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pautada nos dados do Plano Nacional de Educação focalizando as metas relacionadas à Educação Básica. Como recorte de estudo, em cada sub-região dos cerrados do Centro-Norte do Brasil foram selecionados seis municípios para levantamento dos indicadores educacionais, sendo três municípios que apresentam impacto das atividades do agronegócio na economia local e que se constituem em centralidade urbana e com economia agropecuária no contexto regional e três municípios que, embora dentro da região de influência do agronegócio, tiveram pouco ou nenhum impacto nas dinâmicas econômicas municipais. Esta pesquisa assume que essas metas do PNE ao estabelecerem as diretrizes, as metas e as estratégias para a educação nacional, possuem impacto direto no projeto de desenvolvimento regional e na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população do Centro-Norte do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Plano Nacional de Educação. Educação Básica. Indicadores Educacionais.
O PROEJA e o processo de implantação pedagógica no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão
Authors: Coutinho Suzana Andréia Santos , Moraes Lélia Cristina Silveira de
Published: April 2017

Este artigo aborda a implantação do PROEJA – Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, na sua condição de política educacional no contexto do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão - IFMA, Campus Maracanã. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizamos o Documento Base Nacional do PROEJA, bem como autores que tratam da EJA e a proposta pedagógica do IFMA. A pesquisa em análise é de cunho qualitativo, abrangeu as coordenadoras pedagógicas, uma geral e outra do curso técnico em Agropecuária-PROEJA e professores, com o objetivo de compreendermos as percepções destes sujeitos em relação ao processo de implantação do programa, na sua dimensão pedagógica. O PROEJA é um programa educacional que se encontra fundamentado nos princípios educativos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos e apresenta em sua proposta curricular a integração entre trabalho, educação, ciência e tecnologia, com o objetivo de contribuir para o enriquecimento científico, cultural, político e profissional do aluno. Fundamentamo-nos em BRASIL (2005), BRASIL (2007), FREIRE (1996), IFMA (2010), PAIVA (1973), PAIVA (1987), dentre outros. O estudo nos revelou que a implantação do PROEJA no contexto do IFMA Campus Maracanã foi de extrema importância por possibilitar aos jovens e adultos uma formação geral aliada à formação profissional, além do compromisso e responsabilidade que a instituição tem com o programa e sua expansão, apesar da fragilidade demonstrada pela maioria dos sujeitos pesquisados em relação a essa compreensão. Palavras-chave: PROEJA. Formação Profissional. Formação Geral.
O Programa Bolsa Família no Município de Elói de Souza/RN: a condicionalidade relativa à frequência escolar contribui para a permanência dos estudantes?
Authors: Lima Jane Soares Saturnino de , Sousa Andreia Da Silva Quintanilha
Published: April 2017

Este artigo buscou refletir sobre o Programa Bolsa Família – PBF e as contribuições de suas condicionalidades, abordando a questão da frequência escolar na perspectiva de favorecer a permanência dos estudantes usuários do PBF. Tendo como realidade empírica a Escola Municipal Euclides Lins, zona rural, em Senador Elói de Souza/RN, cuja amostra é composta pelos estudantes matriculados no ensino fundamental II – 6º ao 9ª – no período de 2014 a 2015. Os resultados encontrados revelam que, no período estudado, o total de usuários do PBF matriculados era de 83% em 2014 e 77,5% em 2015, com uma média de frequência acima de 95% nos dois anos, apresentando uma taxa média de evasão de 2%. Assim, no tocante às condicionalidades de frequência escolar, a pesquisa revelou que o programa tem contribuído para elevar as taxas de matrículas, uma vez que a escola apresentou uma população estudantil composta por uma maioria de usuários do PBF. Todavia, cabe salientar a necessidade de integração com outros programas que apontem para a promoção de direitos e que construam as condições para sua emancipação. Palavras-chave: Bolsa Família. Educação. Frequência Escolar e Evasão.
Visões ausentes no estudo das políticas educacionais: uma análise do processo de elaboração do plano nacional de educação
Authors: Valdevino Felippe Gonçalves
Published: April 2017

O livro “Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE): debates e tensões”, organizado por Andréia Ferreira da Silva e Melânia Mendonça Rodrigues, é constituído por seis textos produzidos por integrantes do Coletivo de Estudos de Política Educacional. O Coletivo, ao longo de mais de 10 anos de existência, vem investigando as temáticas “Educação Política” e “Educação Escolar”, adotando como referencial teórico as contribuições do pensador italiano Antônio Gramsci.
A Logística Reversa do Lixo Tecnológico: um estudo sobre o projeto de coleta de lâmpadas, pilhas e baterias da BRASKEM
Authors: Vieira Karina Nascimento , Soares Thereza Olívia Rodrigues , Soares Laíla Rodrigues
Published: April 2017

Este artigo é fruto de um trabalho monográfico que teve como objetivo analisar a implantação da logística reversa do lixo tecnológico na gestão ambiental das empresas. Os temas ambientais vêm sendo difundidos por causa dos problemas causados pelo alto consumo e descarte de produtos tecnológicos, os quais liberam substâncias altamente poluentes na natureza colocando em risco os ecossistemas e a saúde humana. O estudo explora então os conceitos de lixo tecnológico - designando os resíduos oriundos do descarte de eletrodomésticos e aparelhos eletrônicos-; e de uma das possíveis soluções ao problema, a logística reversa - que busca reinserir os produtos na cadeia econômica visando diminuir o descarte e incentivar um consumo consciente. O método de pesquisa foi a abordagem qualitativa, com realização de uma pesquisa de campo na empresa Braskem, sobretudo da entrevista com a gestora especialista em Meio Ambiente. Foi confirmada a hipótese inicial de que as empresas possuem instrumentos e procedimentos para implantar a logística reversa do lixo tecnológico nos seus processos de gestão ambiental. Porém, essa implantação requer projetos específicos com alto custo e que, por isso, a logística reversa do lixo tecnológico ainda é incipiente nas empresas.Palavras-chave: Gestão Ambiental Corporativa, Logística Reversa, Resíduos Sólidos, Lixo Tecnológico, Braskem.AbstractThis paper was originally a monograph whose goal was to analyze the implementation of electronic waste (E-waste) reverse logistics in corporate environmental management. Environmental themes have been propagated because of the problems caused by over-consumption and disposal of technological products, which send high contaminant substances on nature risking human health and ecosystem. So, it is explored in this study the concepts of E-waste, meaning garbage from discard of electrical or electronic devices, and reverse logistics, a possible solution to the problem, which aims on returning products to productive chain, reducing discarded garbage and stimulating ethical consumption. The methodology used was the qualitative approach, through a field research at Braskem Corporation, where the environmental manager was interviewed. The conclusions confirmed the initial hypothesis that corporations have tools and procedures to insert e-waste reversal logistics into their environmental management processes, but this implementation requires high cost specific projects, which makes incipient e-waste reversal logistics in corporations.Keywords: Corporate environmental management, reverse logistics, garbage, electronic waste, Braskem.
GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS PÓS-CONSUMO: AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR E DOS CANAIS REVERSOS DO SETOR DE TELEFONIA MÓVEL
Authors: Moretti Sérgio Luiz do Amaral , Lima Maria do Carmo , Crnkovic Luciana Helena
Published: April 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar os hábitos de descarte dos usuários e a contribuição da logística reversa na gestão de resíduos pós-consumo de equipamentos de telefonia móvel. O crescimento do setor de telefonia móvel no Brasil tem aumentado o impacto ambiental pelo descarte inadequado de celulares e seus acessórios. O Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente – CONAMA – publicou, em 30 de junho de 1999, a Resolução 257, que visa disciplinar o gerenciamento ambientalmente adequado de pilhas e baterias usadas por meio da coleta, reutilização, reciclagem, tratamento ou disposição final. A pesquisa mostrou que, embora a maioria dos fabricantes informe nos respectivos sites na Internet sobre a forma de descarte das baterias pós-consumo, não é clara a orientação dada ao consumidor sobre o descarte do aparelho celular ou dos acessórios. Em reforço a esta constatação, o survey realizado com usuários universitários de São Paulo revelou que a grande maioria da amostra desconhece locais apropriados de descarte, estoca aparelhos e baterias sem uso em casa, muitas vezes dando para crianças brincarem, e recebeu pouca informação sobre o descarte por parte das operadoras e fabricantes. Estes resultados tornaram possível avaliar a importância do impacto ambiental causado pelo descarte inapropriado de aparelhos de telefonia móvel, bem como apontar alternativas para sua redução, como, por exemplo, uma comunicação mais eficiente por parte das fabricantes e operadoras, visando maior conscientização do consumidor.
Las transformaciones de la política española de cooperación al desarrollo en gobernabilidad democrática: marco institucional, definición estratégica y acciones
Authors: Ramos Rollón Marisa
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se analiza la política española de cooperación al desarrollo en materia de gobernabilidad democrática, apuntando algunos rasgos de la trayectoria de la cooperación en este sector en la última década, y analizando los factores que explican las transformaciones de la misma, tanto los que se refieren a la evolución del marco institucional en el que se ha llevado a cabo, como al desarrollo estratégico y programático que la ha definido. Además, se analiza la evolución de los programas y proyectos en este ámbito. Este análisis tiene como objetivo contribuir a identificar cuáles han sido los cambios esenciales en la política de desarrollo en este sector, así como los factores que explican estos cambios y los límites de los mismos. Todo ello con el fin último de extraer aprendizajes del pasado más reciente que sirvan para mejorar las acciones a desarrollar en el futuro en este sector.
Criterios para la publicación de originales
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Normas de presentación y publicación de originales
Estrategias participativas para el desarrollo integral de la producción forraje-leche en la región de Tulancingo (México)
Authors: Sánchez Torres Yolanda , Terrones Cordero Aníbal
Published: April 2017

El desarrollo rural integral requiere del involucramiento de los diferentes agentes que interactúan dentro de un territorio, puesto que ello posibilita el aprovechamiento de su potencialidad a favor de un mayor desarrollo económico y social. En este sentido la planeación participativa se convierte en una herramienta importante para el alcance de esta meta. El presente estudio muestra como los procesos participativos para la producción de forraje-leche, en la región de Tulancingo, permitió generar estrategias que atendieran la problemática central de la falta de eslabonamiento productivo de la actividad láctea. Para ello se determinaron tres ejes estratégicos en común: aumento en la calidad y rendimiento del producto, recuperación del margen de utilidad, y focalización de los programas gubernamentales. Además de la provisión adecuada de infraestructura carretera y equipamiento, fomento al trabajo colaborativo y capacitación de calidad. Esta metodología posibilitó el diseño de estrategias de eslabonamiento productivo de abajo hacia arriban, en el corto y largo plazo; pero sobre todo, permitió el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad de gestión que asumen los diferentes actores para un desarrollo coordinado e incluyente.
Primeras y sumario
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Primeras y sumario. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas. Nueva Época. Número 16
Guías multimedia con realidad aumentada en los museos del siglo XXI: la virtualidad como parte integrante del discurso expositivo
Authors: Torres David Ruiz , Bellido Gant Maria Luisa
Published: April 2017

Muchos museos están empezando a incluir la tecnología de realidad aumentada en su discurso expositivo, desarrollando diversas aplicaciones a la cola pública permitirá la visita al museo utilizando su propio dispositivo portátil como una guía multimedia. Esto demuestra, por una parte, como estas instituciones han logrado tomar parte en el fenómeno social de los dispositivos portátiles de última generación; y por otro cómo la tecnología de realidad aumentada se ha utilizado como una herramienta útil para interpretar el bien cultural.
Excess all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in Europe, December 2016 to February 2017
Authors: Vestergaard Lasse S , Nielsen Jens , Krause Tyra G , Espenhain Laura , Tersago Katrien , Bustos Sierra Natalia , Denissov Gleb , Innos Kaire , Virtanen Mikko J , Fouillet Anne , Lytras Theodore , Paldy Anna , Bobvos Janos , Domegan Lisa , O’Donnell Joan , Scortichini Matteo , de Martino Annamaria , England Kathleen , Calleja Neville , van Asten Liselotte , Teirlinck Anne C , Tønnessen Ragnhild , White Richard A , P Silva Susana , Rodrigues Ana P , Larrauri Amparo , Leon Inmaculada , Farah Ahmed , Junker Christoph , Sinnathamby Mary , Pebody Richard G , Reynolds Arlene , Bishop Jennifer , Gross Diane , Adlhoch Cornelia , Penttinen Pasi , Mølbak Kåre
Published: April 2017

Since December 2016, excess all-cause mortality was observed in many European countries, especially among people aged ≥ 65 years. We estimated all-cause and influenza-attributable mortality in 19 European countries/regions. Excess mortality was primarily explained by circulation of influenza virus A(H3N2). Cold weather snaps contributed in some countries. The pattern was similar to the last major influenza A(H3N2) season in 2014/15 in Europe, although starting earlier in line with the early influenza season start.
The use of soil pollen to determine the sex of overhead individuals of a temperate dioecious shrub
Authors: Sugiyama Anna , Shichi Koji , Masaki Takashi , Hubbell Stephen P.
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

In dioecious species, determining the sex of individual plants from one‐time phenological observations is rarely feasible when some individuals capable of reproducing are not flowering or fruiting at the time of observation. Currently, sexing those individuals requires long‐term phenological data on individuals and populations, but such data are rarely available or feasible to collect. We tested the hypothesis that differences in soil pollen concentrations beneath the crowns of female and male plants would exist and be sufficient to reliably determine the sex of the individual plant overhead in a dioecious species. We predicted that soil pollen concentrations beneath male plants would be significantly higher than beneath female plants because only males produce pollen and pollen should accumulate in the soil underneath the male plants over repeated flowering events.

METHODS:

We collected samples from surface soil under both sexes of the insect‐pollinated dioecious shrub, Aucuba japonica (Garryaceae).

KEY RESULTS:

Pollen grains were present in surface soil in both Oe and A horizons, and mean pollen concentration under males was significantly higher than under females. Pollen concentrations beneath males were positively correlated with male plant height, potentially reflecting greater pollen production by larger individuals.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering the small plant size and relatively low pollen production of A. japonica, this method may hold promise for sexing other dioecious species in the absence of direct phenological data. Our phenology‐free and relatively low‐cost method for sexing dioecious plants may be especially useful in tropical forests where many species are dioecious.
Extending the fossil record of Polytrichaceae: Early Cretaceous Meantoinea alophosioides gen. et sp. nov., permineralized gametophytes with gemma cups from Vancouver Island
Authors: Bippus Alexander C. , Stockey Ruth A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F.
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Diverse in modern ecosystems, mosses are dramatically underrepresented in the fossil record. Furthermore, most pre‐Cenozoic mosses are known only from compression fossils, lacking detailed anatomical information. When preserved, anatomy vastly improves resolution in the systematic placement of fossils. Lower Cretaceous deposits at Apple Bay (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada) contain a diverse anatomically preserved flora that includes numerous bryophytes, many of which have yet to be characterized. Among them is a polytrichaceous moss that is described here.

METHODS:

Fossil moss gametophytes preserved in four carbonate concretions were studied in serial sections prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique.

KEY RESULTS:

We describe Meantoinea alophosioides gen. et sp. nov., a polytrichaceous moss with terminal gemma cups containing stalked, lenticular gemmae. Leaves with characteristic costal anatomy, differentiated into sheathing base and free lamina and bearing photosynthetic lamellae, along with a conducting strand in the stem, place Meantoinea in family Polytrichaceae. The bistratose leaf lamina with an adaxial layer of mamillose cells, short photosynthetic lamellae restricted to the costa, and presence of gemma cups indicate affinities with basal members of the Polytrichaceae, such as Lyellia, Bartramiopsis, and Alophosia.

CONCLUSIONS:

Meantoinea alophosioides enriches the documented moss diversity of an already‐diverse Early Cretaceous plant fossil assemblage. This is the third moss described from the Apple Bay plant fossil assemblage and represents the first occurrence of gemma cups in a fossil moss. It is also the oldest unequivocal record of Polytrichaceae, providing a hard minimum age for the group of 136 million years.
High-redshift Blazars through NuSTAR Eyes
Authors: Marcotulli L. , Paliya V. S. , Ajello M. , Kaur A. , Hartmann D. H. , Gasparrini D. , Greiner J. , Rau A. , Schady P. , Baloković M. , Stern D. , Madejski G.
Published: April 2017

The most powerful sources among the blazar family are MeV blazars. Often detected at z > 2, they usually display high X- and γ-ray luminosities, larger-than-average jet powers, and black hole masses ≳109
M
☉. In the present work, we perform a multiwavelength study of three high-redshift blazars: 3FGL J0325.5+2223 (z = 2.06), 3FGL J0449.0+1121 (z = 2.15), and 3FGL J0453.2−2808 (z = 2.56), analyzing quasi-simultaneous data from GROND, Swift-UVOT and XRT, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), and Fermi-LAT. Our main focus is on the hard X-ray band recently unveiled by NuSTAR (3–79 keV) where these objects show a hard spectrum that enables us to constrain the inverse Compton (IC) peak and the jet power. We found that all three targets resemble the most powerful blazars, with the synchrotron peak located in the submillimeter range and the IC peak in the MeV range, and therefore belong to the MeV blazar class. Using a simple one-zone leptonic emission model to reproduce the spectral energy distributions, we conclude that a simple combination of synchrotron and accretion disk emission reproduces the infrared–optical spectra, while the X-ray to γ-ray part is well reproduced by the IC scattering of low-energy photons supplied by the broad-line region. The black hole masses for each of the three sources are calculated to be ≳4 × 108
M
☉. The three studied sources have jet power at the level of, or beyond, the accretion luminosity.
Kepler-11 is a Solar Twin: Revising the Masses and Radii of Benchmark Planets via Precise Stellar Characterization
Authors: Bedell Megan , Bean Jacob L. , Meléndez Jorge , Mills Sean M. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Freitas Fabrício C. , Ramírez Ivan , Asplund Martin , Liu Fan , Yong David
Published: April 2017

The six planets of the Kepler-11 system are the archetypal example of a population of surprisingly low-density transiting planets revealed by the Kepler mission. We have determined the fundamental parameters and chemical composition of the Kepler-11 host star to unprecedented precision using an extremely high-quality spectrum from Keck-HIRES (R ≃ 67,000, S/N per pixel

at 600 nm). Contrary to previously published results, our spectroscopic constraints indicate that Kepler-11 is a young main-sequence solar twin. The revised stellar parameters and new analysis raise the densities of the Kepler-11 planets by between 20% and 95% per planet, making them more typical of the emerging class of “puffy” close-in exoplanets. We obtain photospheric abundances of 22 elements and find that Kepler-11 has an abundance pattern similar to that of the Sun with a slightly higher overall metallicity. We additionally analyze the Kepler light curves using a photodynamical model and discuss the tension between spectroscopic and transit/TTV-based estimates of stellar density.
Voir Neptune au bout de sa plume
Authors: Ringuedé Yohann
Published: April 2017

En 1846, Urbain Le Verrier découvre grâce à la seule méthode algébrique, la planète Neptune qu’il ne prendra même pas la peine d’aller contempler empiriquement. Cette date constitue un point de bascule dans l’histoire de l’astronomie : désormais, un nouveau savoir voir marque la modernité de la science des astres, qui repose exclusivement sur le nombre. Lorsque Flammarion, plus de trente ans plus tard, relate cette anecdote, il explicite dans un premier temps cette révolution paradigmatique. Cependant, l’astronome vulgarisateur, ardent défenseur d’une astronomie sensible et ouverte à l’imagination, ne peut pas se contenter d’entériner un tel changement. Le texte de vulgarisation met alors au profit de la science des outils littéraires en vue d’inventer un nouveau savoir voir, qui prolonge effectivement, sur la base du calcul algébrique, le nombre par l’observation et par l’outil spéculatif de l’imagination.
Le Paon, le blé et le Château-Margaux
Authors: Plas Élisabeth
Published: April 2017

Durant la période romantique, l’analogie s’impose comme moyen à la fois d’expression poétique et de connaissance. À travers l’étude de trois auteurs (Fourier, Toussenel et Baudelaire), cet article explore l’un des avatars les plus singuliers de ce paradigme analogique : celui des « analogies passionnelles », sans ressemblances sensibles, mettant en relation les êtres et les choses par-delà les règnes et les apparences. Cette cosmologie fouriériste est à la fois une herméneutique et une grammaire analogique, permettant de voir au-delà du visible ce dont chaque élément est l’emblème. La restituer permet de comprendre la portée des hiéroglyphes animaux de Baudelaire et de saisir un aspect complexe de la pensée analogique du siècle.
Restorative Justice and Violence Against Women in the United States
Authors: Walker Lorenn , Tarutani Cheri
Published: April 2017

Opposition to using restorative justice to address violence against women mainly concerns the fear that women will be re-victimized if they engage with men who endangered them. While law enforcement and criminal justice approaches are necessary to address violence against women, women's choices about when and how to use law enforcement and prosecution to address violence against them, should be respected. Exclusive criminalization of violence against women has not protected many and has further harmed marginalized and Black people. To address intimate partner violence, victims' needs for healing must be met including when the victim-offender overlap applies and an offender is also a victim. Ignoring healing perpetuates violence. Applying restorative justice and its foundational questions, during direct meetings between victims and offenders, or when they meet separately, can address the victim-offender overlap, reduce reliance on punishment, and increase healing.
Effect of Build Orientation and Post Processing of a Direct Laser Deposited Nickel Superalloy as Determined by the Small Punch Creep Test
Authors: Jeffs Spencer , Lancaster Robert , Davies Sean
Published: April 2017

Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) is a modern Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) technology that offers the possibility of lean manufacture and the ability to produce near-net shape components with complex geometries. Anisotropic microstructures are typically produced due to thermal cycles that occur during the layer by layer process, resulting in epitaxial grains forming along the build direction. Therefore, build direction, whether horizontal (0°) or vertical (90°), may have a pronounced effect upon mechanical properties.
While, it is generally accepted that the mechanical properties of cast materials are well understood, the same cannot be said for materials produced using DLD. Although, mechanical testing of materials usually dictates the use of round bar specimens, due to the cost of manufacture and fundamental nature of this study a miniaturised test technique better lends itself to characterise the cast and DLD built alloys’ properties. The Small Punch (SP) creep test is a widely utilised miniaturised test technique for characterising and ranking the creep response of metallic material properties when large quantities may not be readily available.
This paper will apply the SP creep test to characterise the properties of DLD variants of the nickel based superalloy C263 in comparison to the traditional cast material. Tests were performed at elevated temperatures akin to those experienced in service. Interpretation of the microstructures and SP creep results has been carried out; relating build direction, microstructures, minimum displacement rate and time to rupture.
Determination of Creep Properties from Small Punch Test with Reverse Algorithm
Authors: Li Ying Zhi , Stevens Paul , Geng Jin Feng , Ma Dong Fang , Xu Liang
Published: April 2017

In the early 1980’s, the small punch technique was developed in USA and Japan. This technique has been applied to nuclear reactors, electric power plants for safety assessments. European researchers have carried out the pioneer work on SP creep testing in the 1990’s. European Code of Practice (CoP) documents have become available in 2006, which provides a guide line to perform small punch tests for metallic materials, and introduces methods for estimation of tensile properties, fracture toughness and creep properties.
Since then several conferences and symposiums have been held to exchange ideas and experiences, and several efforts have been made to improve the approaches for interpreting the material properties from test results. However, due to the complexity of the small punch test itself and lack of systematic test data for verification, especially in the creep region, up to now there is no common acceptable method to interpret creep properties.
This paper discusses some of the problems commonly encountered in the small punch creep test (SPCT) analysis, such as the uniqueness in reverse creep analysis for identification of material parameters, how to consider effects of large deformation and strain hardening, how to separate deflection into a part caused by loading and a part caused by creep, and how to estimate the elastic-plastic properties of a material in the creep temperature region.
Based on these considerations, several existing approaches for interpreting creep properties have been re-evaluated. In addition, a software package, based on the optimization toolbox of Matlab has been developed for identification of material parameters automatically. Verifications are performed by checking the agreement between properties derived by small punch test and uni-axial tests. Discussions on problems of existing approaches and how to improve them further, are described in the paper.
Experimental data are provided by JRC Petten, Netherlands, and Henan Electric Power Research Institute, China. Recently a working group led by JRC Petten is engaged in upgrading the CoP to a European standard. It is expected that in the future more data will become available for further verification.
Small Punch Testing of Powder Bed Direct Laser Deposits
Authors: Davies Sean , Lancaster Robert , Jeffs Spencer , Baxter Gavin
Published: April 2017

Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) technologies, such as Powder Bed Direct Laser Deposition (PB-DLD), have gained increasing popularity within the aerospace industry due to the advantages they hold over conventional processing routes. Among the advantages are the ability to produce more sophisticated cross-sectional geometries, a decrease in production lead times and an improvement to the buy-to-fly ratio. However, build quality and microstructural characteristics have a dependency on the process variables such as build direction. In order to understand the influence of grain size and build orientation on tensile behaviour, the Small Punch Tensile (SPT) testing technique has been applied to variants of the nickel based superalloy C263, manufactured using the PB-DLD method. The test technique utilises miniaturised samples, requiring only small volumes of material and is therefore a desirable test method to employ. SPT testing has characterised the mechanical properties between vertically and horizontally built PB-DLD C263 in comparison with the cast material derivative. Differences in mechanical performance between each variant have been revealed and found to be associated with microstructural variations. The deformation behaviour across each material variant have been exposed by interrupted tests. SPT results have also been accompanied by fractography, fracture energy calculations along with comparisons with uniaxial data.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: Case Report
Authors: Correia Ana , Castelo Branco Elizabeth , Correia Paulo , Guimarães Marcos , Sá Luís
Published: April 2017

Neuroendocrine tumours are rare in the gynaecologic tract, comprising approximately 2% of all gynaecological tumours. They have an aggressive behaviour and are a diagnostic and clinical challenge, due to their rarity and the lack of standardized therapeutic approaches. There are a few case reports. It is defined as a high-grade carcinoma exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation. The authors describe the case of a 70-year-old woman, with vulvar neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma after superficial vulvectomy. The patient was submitted to a surgery with wide local excision and adjuvant radiation therapy. A review of the literature on this topic is also presented.
Pentecostal talk about God: Attempting to speak from experience
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: April 2017

Pentecostals have their own ethos to bring to the theological table. Although they represent a diverse spectrum of beliefs, they share a basic preference for experience co-determining their theology, along with their interpretation of Scripture. Their hermeneutical viewpoint since the 1970s that links them with that of early Pentecostals allows them to regard the Bible as the inspired Word of God with authority for their lives although they qualify that statement by adding that encounters with God within the faith community in ways similar to those recorded in the Bible is conditional for understanding and interpreting biblical accounts of God and God’s faith community. It is proposed that Pentecostals need to develop a perspective on the all-inclusive difference made by their experience of God in all areas of their lives. Their experience of God through his Spirit shifts their  loci communes and theological method. It is argued that Pentecostal theology should rethink every aspect of theological enterprise through the lens of the reality of God’s encounter with human beings as experienced in the faith community. In the last section, this is demonstrated in terms of one subject, of God as the object of theology.
Reading Hebrews through Akan ethnicity and social identity
Authors: Kissi Seth , Van Eck Ernest
Published: April 2017

The Akan people of Ghana have concepts of ethnicity and social identity which are similar to those found in the Mediterranean world, which find expression in the issues addressed in the letter to the Hebrews. This similarity makes the reading of Hebrews in light of Akan ethnicity and social identity possible, giving one the expected meaning from the perspective of those concepts as within the original context of the audience. This article therefore discusses some theories on ethnicity and social identity as well as the Akan people of Ghana and their concepts of ethnicity and social identity. It further explains the social context of the letter of Hebrews against which Hebrews is then read in light of Akan ethnicity and social identity. The focus of this reading is on how the ethnic identity of the readers presented in Hebrews enhances the social identity of the readers and provides the means by which the author’s appeal to his readers for their faithfulness to God becomes meaningful and urgent.
Some recent responses to neoliberalism and its views on education
Authors: Van der Walt Johannes L.
Published: April 2017

This article is about developments that are on the rise in response to the global hegemony of the neoliberal approach to life in general and education in particular. After an outline of what neoliberalism entails and how it has impacted education, the discussion moves on to an outline of several of these new developments that are seemingly unrelated but at the deepest level seem to be critical of neoliberalism and its views about education. This is followed by a critical appraisal of these new developments. The appraisal, executed along the guidelines of the social space and ethical function theory, shows that these new developments, although they suggest a number of important corrections regarding neoliberalism and its views on education, are in themselves one-sided and narrow. It is nevertheless important for educators and educationists to take account of such new developments that are in the process of changing our view of the world.
Rezensionen
Authors: Jolissaint Paul
Published: April 2017

Rezensionen zu:
A. Berger and T.P. Hill:
An Introduction to Benford’s Law
. viii+248 pages, $75.00. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2015; ISBN 978-0-691-16306-2 (hard cover);
und zu:
S.J. Miller (ed.):
Benford’s Law. Theory and Applications
. xxvi+438 pages, $75.00. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2015; ISBN 978-0-691-14761-1 (hard cover).
Effectiveness of a Play Therapy Intervention on Children's Externalizing and Off-Task Behaviors
Authors: Meany-Walen Kristin K. , Teeling Sunny , Davis Aubrey , Artley George , Vignovich Andrea
Published: April 2017

Children's externalizing and off-task behaviors are deemed a major concern for elementary teachers and interfere with the classroom learning environment (Abidin & Robinson, 2002; Shillingford-Butler & Theodore, 2013). Children with these behaviors are at risk of falling behind academically and experiencing ongoing behavioral problems throughout their development. This single-case research design investigates the effectiveness of Adlerian play therapy on the behaviors of two elementary-aged children who have externalizing and off-task classroom behaviors. Results for this intervention suggest Adlerian play therapy may show promise as an effective intervention for school counselors and school-based counselors.
The myth of sustainability under the current economic model
Authors: Al-Attiya Fahad bin Mohammed
Published: April 2017

Qatar like its sisters in the GCC are countries born with multiple disabilities. First and foremost of them is the lack of fundamental resources such as water and food. The endowment of hydrocarbon resources and the influx of liquidity into the economies of these small city states lead them to make choices that were at the time seen to lead to a path of development and greater prosperity but they are also unsustainable and risk prone. What followed are economic models that are catastrophic in every sense of the word if one measures its resilience against the inherent risks that surrounds the availability and access to such fundamental resources. The talk will assess the current economic model in light of these circumstances and offer an alternative pathway that aims to maintain control and resilience against a changing world.
The potential impact of climate change on linkages between above and below ground communities in low diversity ecosystems in extreme environments
Authors: Alatalo Dr Juha Mikael
Published: April 2017

There is growing evidence that ecosystem function depend on biodiversity. For example, experimental studies with different number of plant species show that microbial biomass, fungal abundance and N mineralisation rates increase with increasing plant diversity. Global warming is expected to have major impacts on ecosystems in future, influencing biodiversity in a wide range of ecosystems. Specifically, low diversity ecosystems in extreme environments are thought to be more vulnerable to global change than ecosystem with higher diversity, at the same time they have received less attention than ecosystems with higher diversity. At present, there are only a few long-climate change studies that have incorporated diversity and richness based on species level data for both above and below ground communities across several trophic levels. The impact on low diversity ecosystem in extreme environments is exemplified from preliminary results from two decades of experimental warming on the linkages between above and below ground communities across contrasting vegetation communities in the arctic. The study includes species level data on vascular plants, lichens, bryophytes, collembola, mites, fungi and bacteria.
Towards systematic approaches for the development of carbon dioxide management policy and strategy
Authors: Linke Patrick , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M.
Published: April 2017

In Qatar, the energy and basic materials industries together with the utility sector account for significant carbon, energy and water footprints. Individual plants responsible for footprints are clustered in industrial parks, resulting in spatially concentrated, stationary footprints. Individual companies operating plants and the industrial cities at large are challenged to respond to ambitious, emerging footprint reduction targets as part of the nation's transition towards QNV 2030 for sustainable development and the world's quest to avoid dangerous climate change.

This presentation will provide an overview over novel, systematic optimization-based approaches to support resource integration in industrial clusters. The focus of the presentation will be on approaches to the sustainable management of carbon dioxide and energy resources around industrial clusters. We will explain how the approaches have extended the state of the art in the field or process integration to enable industrial cluster resource integration to be systematically addressed in planning. The presented approaches have been developed into optimization-based computer aided tools that can help planners identify low footprint options by screening and identifying the most cost efficient solutions for managing resources under footprint and other relevant constraints. Case studies will be presented to illustrate applications and the potential benefits from applying the different approaches. We will conclude by explaining current and future extensions to enable resource planning across the broader nexus beyond GHG and Energy.
Bridging a gulf between environmental attitudes and behavior: Assessment of motivating factors for the youth in Qatar
Authors: Al-Ali Mustafa Semsia
Published: April 2017

To this day, there is a dearth of published research on environmental awareness, attitudes and behaviour in the Arabian Gulf, and there is no systematic data regarding the value people place on the environment. Understanding the operating social and political context, community values, and potential incentives in the face of environmental change is crucial for designing appropriate intervention measures and informing environmental policy of the region (Moran, 2010; Schultz & Kaiser, 2012). By narrowing the focus down to university-educated youth in Qatar, this paper aims to bridge the gap between reported environmental attitudes and actual behaviour by evaluating different factors that could motivate the younger generation to become more involved in Qatar's environmental conservation efforts and lead to a more sustainable social and economic growth. Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is employed as the main conceptual framework, hypothesising attitudes, perceived behavioural control and social norms as predictive of pro-environmental behaviour. For the purposes of this study, the model was expanded to consider childhood activities in nature, education, and proximity to an environmental issue as additional factors that are deemed relevant for predicting pro-environmental behaviour. To test the hypothesised correlation between the different factors and environmental behaviour, a close-ended questionnaire was administered to 299 Qatar University undergraduate students in May 2016, with series of questions regarding their time spent in nature, environmental attitudes, social pressure to behave pro-environmentally and whether they feel in control over their actions. Statistical analyses of the gathered data revealed partial applicability of the theoretical model for understanding environmental behaviour, with several factors of the original TPB model (namely attitudes, positive social norms and internal locus of control) as well as supplementary factors (childhood time in nature and university-level education) emerging as significant predictors of pro-environmental behaviour. In addition, analysis of open-ended questions revealed religion and governmental incentives as additional factors that have the potential to motivate students into more pro-environmental behaviour. A general lack of awareness was reported by the respondents, who often blamed ignorance for people's unwillingness to act more pro-environmentally in their daily lives. Although the respondents held overwhelmingly pro-environmental attitudes, their willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviour was not as evident, due to several factors at play. The paper concludes by suggesting ways how those factors can be utilised to help shape the environmental behaviour of younger generations; however, it also warns that only by bridging the gulf between academic research and policy-making can the gulf between stated environmental values and actual behaviour be truly overpassed.
The fate of Scincus mitranus in the face of climate change: A Qatar case study
Authors: Majid Sara Abdul , Chatziefthimiou Aspassia D. , Richer Renee , Dargham Soha , Hay Anthony , Louge Michel , Sultan Ali , Herrel Anthony , Courant Julien
Published: April 2017

Over the past 22 years, annual mean temperatures have increased by 1°C in Qatar and even greater increases are projected in the future. Since lizards depend on thermoregulation to survive, how do such rises in air temperature affect the Eastern sandfish Scincus mitranus in Qatar? S. mitranus exclusively inhabit Barchan dunes, which are restricted to the South-Eastern region of the country and are currently disappearing due to the North-Westerly Al Shamal winds driving them into the sea. Loss of this ecosystem, coupled with climate change pose serious risk to the survival of S. mitranus. Our study was carried out in two tiers. In the first we set out to estimate dune-dependent population densities, while in the second tier of the study we observed sandfish activity in relation to soil temperature. Sandfish (106) were captured and tagged from 5 terrestrial Barchan dunes in Qatar over a period of 10 months. The captured sandfish ranged from 6 to 29 cm in length and, weighed between 2 and 47 g. Sandfish population estimates were generated for 3 large dunes (Slip face area 1.7 × 104 −  2.5 × 104 m2) and ranged from 30–92 individuals while survival probability ranged from 0.39–0.76 per dune, respectively. Population size (R2 = 0.645) and survival probability (R2 = 0.953) were positively correlated with insect abundance within each dune. Sandfish were observed on the surface of sand dunes at soil temperatures of 35 to 55°C. However sandfish were absent at the mean soil temperature of 44.7°C and present at the mean soil temperature of 43.5°C, a small difference of 1.2°C between the 2 means. Heating of the sandfish significantly affected their ability to carry out activities such as foraging, traveling and interacting. This is the first attempt at creating population baselines and understanding the ecology of S. mitranus in the Barchan dunes of Qatar. Our results may be used to inform environmental management policies in order to preserve this fragile ecosystem.