bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV treatment with dolutegravir and doravirine: rationale for selection and clinical outcomes in a highly treatment experienced population
Authors: Denyer Rachel , Zemskova Julie , Benator Debra A
Published: September 2022

Dolutegravir and doravirine are individually safe and effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) components, but their combined use has not been studied in clinical trials and is not recommended in HIV treatment guidelines. We noted persons with HIV (PWH) receiving dolutegravir with doravirine at our Washington, DC, infectious disease clinic and undertook a service evaluation to understand why providers selected this ART, whether HIV virologic suppression was achieved and identify adverse effects of concomitant use. Case registry and prescriptions data identified 21 PWH receiving concomitant dolutegravir and doravirine with mean follow-up 576.1 days (range 413–751); frequent reasons for switching were multiple ART resistance (57.1%), proton pump inhibitor usage (28.6%) and renal failure (28.6%), with 52.4% switched from protease inhibitor or cobicistat-boosted regimens. Dolutegravir with doravirine alone was prescribed for 60%, and additional ART in 40%. During 12 months follow-up mean CD4 was 585.9 (baseline 570.7) with undetectable viral load in 77.8% (baseline 66.7%). No discontinuations for drug-related adverse events or virologic failure occurred. Dolutegravir with doravirine was well tolerated in small numbers of highly treatment experienced PWH at our clinic, achieving virologic suppression in most. Establishing the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with doravirine for HIV treatment in randomized trials remains important.
Theorising embodied interaction in coaching: A Merleau-Pontian perspective on embodied practice
Authors: Jackson Peter
Published: September 2022

Coaching has expanded as a method of facilitating individual change, performance, and learning. It is generally described in terms of its functions, referring to cognitive and organisational psychology as well as theories of change, theoretical stances, and methodologies from psychotherapy. Theoretical concern for the body as part of the meaning-making process has been piecemeal in coaching, despite growing interest in embodiment in psychology and learning. There are widespread calls in relevant disciplines for stronger theorisation of embodiment. The Merleau-Pontian concept of “intervolvement” is adopted as a frame, which is tentatively operationalised and illustrated using an example study observing the interactions of a coaching dyad. The case study demonstrates how the coaching practice can be understood from an embodied perspective. A model is proposed, which conceptualises specific ways in which the interaction can be described.
A novel improved data-temporal attention network reconstruction model-based method for fault diagnosis of chiller sensors
Authors: Hong Lin , Li Donghui , Zhao Mokan , Gao Long
Published: September 2022

Accurate measurement of sensors is the basis for the reliable operation of complex systems. To improve the fault diagnosis performance of the air-cooled chiller sensor, an improved data-temporal attention network is proposed, and an improved data-temporal attention network–based method for sensor fault diagnosis is established. First, the method combines the “memory” capability of the bidirectional improved long short-term memory network and the feature extraction capability of the multi-scale convolutional neural network to fully explore the time correlation of the chiller sensor, the data correlation between the physical quantities, and the dynamic response characteristics of the physical quantities. In addition, data and time attention mechanisms are introduced into the encoder and decoder, respectively, and valuable information is enhanced through weight distribution to capture relevant features further. Second, relying on the advantages of the “end-to-end” network structure of the improved data-temporal attention network model, the fault sensor is directly located by comparing the absolute reconstruction error vector with the fault threshold vector. Finally, it is verified by the datasets collected from a real air-cooled chiller platform that the proposed method has achieved an excellent fault diagnosis effect. The ablation experiment confirms that each improvement step can effectively improve the reconstruction performance of the network, which enhances the sensitivity of fault sensor identification. Compared with existing mainstream methods, the state-of-the-art framework presented in this article reveals its superiority.
Gender Discrimination in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: Evidence from NFHS-4
Authors: Dutta Swati , Mishra Sunil Kumar , Mehta Aasha Kapur
Published: September 2022

Undernutrition among children continues to be a serious issue. The study examines the prevalence of the gender gap in the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in India based on recent National Family and Health Survey Data, 2015 (NFHS-4). A binary logistic regression model has been used to determine the factors responsible for achieving exclusive breastfeeding, minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency of the index child, that is, youngest child in the households. A separate regression model was run for both boys and girls. Girls faced discrimination not only in terms of exclusive breastfeeding but also in terms of receiving the required number of complementary meals. Logistic regression results indicate that the birth order of the children and the sex composition of the siblings are the important determinants of IYCF practices. Girls are more deprived in terms of receiving exclusive breastfeeding and other age-appropriate protein-rich food items when born in a household with more than two older daughters. Media exposure, mother’s autonomy and access to health and nutrition-related education are prominent factors in determining IYCF practices. The results suggest that there is a need to improve gender sensitisation in terms of feeding practices within the households.
Kinematic alterations of the ankle in subjects with generalized joint hypermobility compared with the controls: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Haobin , Zeng Xiaolong , Xie Zhenyan , Ma Limin , Zhong Guoqing , Li Liping , Huang Wenhan , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a hereditary connective tissue disease in which the range of motion (ROM) of multiple joints exceeds the normal range, and the ROM varies with age, gender, and ethnicity. At present, the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) of ankle kinematics among people with GJH have not been studied. To investigate the kinematic characteristics in the ankle during treadmill gait of university students with generalized joint hypermobility compared to normal participants. We hypothesized that compared to the participants in the control group, those with GJH would exhibit kinematic characteristics of poorer active motion stability in the ankle during treadmill gait.

Methods

Healthy university student volunteers aged 18–24 (excluding those with a history of ankle trauma, etc.) were recruited and divided into a control group (50 volunteers) and a GJH group (Beighton score ≥4, 50 volunteers). Data of the 6-DOF kinematics of ankle was collected using a 3D gait analysis system. Variables were evaluated using independent t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results

In the proximal/distal parameter, proximal displacement was significantly increased in the GJH group compared with the control group during 4–9% and 96–97% of the gait phase (loading response and terminal swing phase), with an increase of (0.1–0.2 cm, p < .05). Regarding the proximal/distal, internal/external, plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, and anterior/posterior parameters, the participants with GJH exhibited greater ROM than those in the control group throughout the gait cycle (0.24 ± 0.22 cm vs. 0.19 ± 0.15 cm, p = 0.047, 5.56 ± 2.90° vs. 4.48 ± 3.30°, p = .020, 23.05 ± 5.75° vs. 20.36 ± 4.91°, p < .001, 0.65 ± 0.30 cm vs. 0.55 ± 0.27 cm, p = .018). However, ROM of inversion/eversion translation was found to be decreased in the GJH group compared to the control group (8.92 ± 1.59° vs. 9.47 ± 1.37°, p = .009). In addition, there was no statistical difference between the GJH group and the control group in ROM of medial/lateral translation (0.05 ± 0.06 cm vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 cm, p = .131).

Conclusion

Our results confirm that our hypothesis is not valid. Although there were a few differences in each gait parameter of the ankle between the GJH group and the control group, the difference was not significant. These results indicate that the presence of GJH has less effect on ankle kinematics and enhance our knowledge of the relationship between GJH and 6-DOF of ankle kinematics.
Event-triggered consensus for delayed second-order leader-following heterogeneous multi-agent systems under input saturated condition
Authors: Luo Yiping , Gao Xitong , cao Jinde , Kashkynbayev Ardak
Published: September 2022

The event-triggered consensus problem for observer-based second-order leader-following heterogeneous multi-agent systems with nonlinear term delay under input saturation conditions is investigated in this study. For a class of second-order leader-following heterogeneous multi-agent system models, the situation of agents with nonlinear delay terms in the system is considered. The observer is designed to reconstruct the state of the system. The structural state replaces the real state of the system to achieve the required state feedback, and the difference between the output quantities is inputted into the system as a feedback quantity (deviation) to achieve a better simulation. Considering the phenomenon of saturation control in many control systems, multi-agent consensus is achieved by combining saturation control and event-triggered pinning control in the controller. On the premise that each agent is affected by input saturation, an event-triggered pinning control protocol is designed to achieve the purpose of control by pinning down some key agents. The sufficient conditions for the second-order multi-agent system to achieve consensus are obtained by using the Lyapunov stability theory, algebraic Riccati equation, matrix theory, and other analytical techniques. The proposed event-triggered function can avoid Zeno behavior. The feasibility of the results is verified by numerical simulation.
A Self-Monitoring Intervention to Improve the Self-Determination of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disability in a Postsecondary Educational Program
Authors: Randall Kristina N. , Ryan Joseph B. , Hirsch Shanna E. , Allen Abigail A.
Published: September 2022

Self-determination skills are critical for improving life outcomes for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). The recent growth of postsecondary education (PSE) programs for those with IDD has provided additional opportunities for teaching self-determination skills. This study used a multiple probe across participants design with six individuals with IDD. The intervention consisted of a self-determination choice-making curriculum along with the use of a self-monitoring checklist to increase self-determination skills. Data were analyzed using visual analysis. Results revealed gains in participants’ knowledge of choice-making steps with moderate effect size gains. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Beyond the entrepreneur: A study of entrepreneurial learning from a social practice perspective working with scientists in West Africa
Authors: Pais Zozimo Joana , N-Yelkabong Anthony , Lockett Nigel , Dada Lola , Jack Sarah L
Published: September 2022

This article contributes to extending the current conceptualisation of entrepreneurial learning by challenging the assumption that entrepreneurial learning is solely embodied in the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial learning is an emergent trend that involves a developmental approach to learning in acting on opportunities and experiences. We apply a social practice theory to entrepreneurial learning to advance understanding of the value of entrepreneurial thinking towards informal, experiential and aspirational learning. We position entrepreneurial learning within the social learning and social practice literature in the (1) alternative formats to formal learning, and (2) implications of entrepreneurial learning, as a social practice, for management learning and entrepreneurship education research. Based on a qualitative empirical analysis of a co-created entrepreneurial learning programme for ‘Stimulating Entrepreneurial Thinking in Scientists’, this study shows that entrepreneurial thinking can be expanded beyond the entrepreneur, and developed by others such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics scientists. With the drive for individuals to become entrepreneurial in their everyday practices, our study contributes towards extending the conceptualisation of entrepreneurial learning through insights from social practice theory. In addition, by understanding the value of entrepreneurial thinking, particularly via non-formal and informal approaches to learning, our research expands underexposed issues of entrepreneurial learning across diverse audiences, contexts and disciplines.
Attention operation and language in the learning process in a music lesson
Authors: Viana Monteiro da Silva Bianca , Maggioni Guglielmetti Sulpicio Eliana C , de Jesus de Andrade Joana
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an interactive episode analysis which was resulted from a music lesson for children. The idea was to point out the attentional process, in a perspective of Vygotsky and Luria. The study involved a group of three children who weekly had participated in Group Piano lessons at a social project developed in São Paulo State, Brazil. The data were documented by means of a field diary and the transcription of a video recording, and the analyzes were based on studies of historical-cultural approach. It is emphasized that the attention process happens depending on the apparently individual volitional acts but notoriously established during social relationship. Social genesis and perceptions which are expressed in gestures, looks, and speeches point to a complex construction perception of oneself, of the other and of the music in teaching relationships.
Mobile trust regimes: Modes of attachment in an age of banal omnivorousness
Authors: Smith Maguire Jennifer , Ocejo Richard E. , DeSoucey Michaela
Published: September 2022

The 21st century rise of culturally omnivorous tastes and classifications proffers a new dilemma for how markets create attachments and achieve trust for global consumers. Consumer entities must be both globally circulatable and offer a sense of localized authenticity without compromising either. Drawing from research on market trust and attachment, this article introduces the concept of mobile trust regimes to account for how sets of actors and repertoires attempt to address this tension. Through two case studies from gastronomic industries—food halls and natural wine—we investigate the devices of mobility used to facilitate the global circulation of the local. These include standardized aesthetic and affective templates communicated through physical décor, recurrent narratives, and social media curation. We argue that the concept of mobile trust regimes helps clarify two key issues in contemporary consumer culture: tensions between homogenization and heterogenization and how the symbolic value of omnivorous tastes becomes institutionalized and even banal.
Reducing free-riding in group projects in line with students’ preferences: Does it matter if there is more at stake?
Authors: Benning Tim M
Published: September 2022

Reducing free-riding is an important challenge for educators who use group projects. In this study, we measure students’ preferences for group project characteristics and investigate if characteristics that better help to reduce free-riding become more important for students when stakes increase. We used a discrete choice experiment based on 12 choice tasks in which students chose between two group projects that differed on five characteristics of which each level had its own effect on free-riding. A different group project grade weight was presented before each choice task to manipulate how much there was at stake for students in the group project. Data of 257 student respondents were used in the analysis. Based on random parameter logit model estimates we find that students prefer (in order of importance) assignment based on schedule availability and motivation or self-selection (instead of random assignment), the use of one or two peer process evaluations (instead of zero), a small team size of three or two students (instead of four), a common grade (instead of a divided grade), and a discussion with the course coordinator without a sanction as a method to handle free-riding (instead of member expulsion). Furthermore, we find that the characteristic team formation approach becomes even more important (especially self-selection) when student stakes increase. Educators can use our findings to design group projects that better help to reduce free-riding by (1) avoiding random assignment as team formation approach, (2) using (one or two) peer process evaluations, and (3) creating small(er) teams.
Challenges in the Future of Restorative Youth Justice in Ireland: Minimising Intervention, Maximising Participation
Authors: Marder Ian D. , Forde Louise
Published: September 2022

While restorative approaches encompass a small proportion of youth justice practices in Ireland, the new Youth Justice Strategy (2021–2027) aims to include more victims in restorative justice, expand family conferencing and train youth justice professionals in restorative practices. This article discusses the legal, policy and practice contexts of these developments, considering how Ireland has defined, used and researched restorative youth justice to date. It situates the ongoing efforts to meet victims’ and children’s needs, and to change criminal justice cultures, in the international criminological and legal literature on minimum intervention and child participation, analysing the possibilities and challenges facing restorative youth justice in Ireland.
Community–Academic Partnerships: Addressing Health Inequities Through Community-Engaged Service Learning
Authors: Bernstein Mary , Frintner Michael , Gao Shuang , Gibbons Theresa , Green Noel , Hildreth Danielle , Lustig Madison , Stamps Jahari , Turner Julia , Singer Rebecca , Singer Randi
Published: September 2022

In Chicago, Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals experience higher rates of HIV diagnoses. The Southside of Chicago has a thriving house ball culture powered by MSM and TGNC individuals who are disproportionately impacted by HIV. While this community has a history of facilitating health promotion at their events, gaps exist in community-empowered education specific to this community. Through partnership between nursing students from University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) and leaders from the Southside Health Advocacy Resource Partnership (SHARP) and the University of Chicago Center for HIV Elimination (CCHE), we aimed to reduce health disparities experienced by the Black MSM/TGNC community in Chicago. We promoted COVID-19 vaccinations and obtained funding for a community-led project to reduce HIV-related stigma. Our team consisted of two community leaders, seven students, and two professors. We met weekly during the development stages and detailed notes were maintained by students and updated with next steps. Four months of collaboration demonstrated how nursing coursework can facilitate community–academic partnership and yielded a COVID-19 viral vaccination promotion video, community administration of vaccines, and SHARP’s procurement of funding to implement a project to reduce HIV-related stigma. Students learned the importance of community leaders’ presence when bringing health care to communities. Community leaders learned to communicate population needs and best utilize students as a resource. Enriching nursing curriculum using an integrated service-learning format offers the opportunity for student development while simultaneously serving the community.
Implementation of an Innovative Technology Called the OR Black Box: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Møller Kjestine Emilie , Sørensen Jette Led , Topperzer Martha Krogh , Koerner Christian , Ottesen Bent , Rosendahl Mikkel , Grantcharov Teodor , Strandbygaard Jeanett
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The operating room (OR) Black Box is an innovative technology that captures and compiles extensive real-time data from the OR, allowing identification and analysis of factors that influence intraoperative procedures and performances – ultimately improving patient safety. Implementation of this kind of technology is still an emerging research area and prone to face challenges. Methods. Observational study running from May 2017 to May 2021 conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Denmark, involving 152 OR staff and 306 patients. Feasibility of the OR Black Box was assessed in accordance with Bowen’s framework with 8 focus areas. Results. The OR Black Box had a high level of acceptability among stakeholders with 100% participation from management, 93% from OR staff, and 98% from patients. The implementation process improved over time, and an average of 80% of the surgeries conducted were captured. The practical aspects such as numerous formal and informal meetings, ethical and legal approval, recruitment of patients were acceptable, albeit time-consuming. The OR Black Box was adopted without any changes in scheduled surgery program, but capturing hours were adjusted to match the surgery program and relocation of OR staff declining to provide consent was possible. Conclusions. Implementation of the OR Black Box was feasible yet challenging. Management, nearly all staff, and patients embraced the initiative; however, ongoing evaluation, information meetings, and commitment from stakeholders are required and crucial to sustain momentum, continue implementation and expansion. Ideas from this study can be useful in the implementation of similar initiatives.
Comorbidities Associated With Increased Likelihood of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection in Patients Treated for Hand or Finger Fracture and/or Dislocations
Authors: Rich Matthew D. , Solaiman Rafat H. , Lamba Abhinav , Schubert Warren , Hillard Christopher , Mahajan Ashish
Published: September 2022

Background:

We aimed to determine the relationship between common preoperative comorbidities and subsequent incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) in hand and finger fractures and/or dislocations.

Methods:

We queried the American College of Surgeons National Safety and Quality Improvement Program from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Patients were included in our study if they were treated by open or percutaneous fixation for any hand or finger fracture and/or dislocation. Predictor variables were smoking status, diabetes mellitus status, and obesity (body mass index > 30) status. Primary outcome was incidence of postoperative SSI.

Results:

There were a total of 9245 patients included in our study, and 148 patients (1.6%) experienced postoperative SSI. Of these, 59 patients (39.9%) were only smokers, 7 patients (4.7%) only had diabetes mellitus, and 55 patients (37.2%) were only obese. Overall, patients experienced greater odds of sustaining a postoperative SSI if they were a smoker or diabetic compared to non-smokers and non-diabetics, respectively. Considering only open fixation modality, patients with comorbidities were not at significantly increased odds of sustaining postoperative SSI. Considering only percutaneous fixation modality, patients experienced significantly greater odds of sustaining postoperative SSI if they were a smoker compared to non-smoker.

Conclusions:

Common preoperative comorbidities, including smoking status and diabetes mellitus, increase the likelihood of postoperative complication in patients with hand and finger fractures and/or dislocations undergoing surgical treatment. Further investigation into the different relationship of these comorbidities between open and closed fractures with larger sample sizes will be valuable.
The Changing Tide: Indigenizing Re-Search with Indigenous Women Living with HIV to Explore, Understand, and Support their Health and Well-Being
Authors: Nicholson Valerie , Gormley Rebecca , Cardinal Debbie , Nyman Sheila , Kaida Angela ,   On Behalf of the CHIWOS PAW Research Team
Published: September 2022

The Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study – Positive Aboriginal Women (CHIWOS-PAW) actively Indigenizes and honours re-search by, with, and for Indigenous communities. In this study, as Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers, we weave our ways of knowing and doing together on the Ancestral, Traditional, and stolen lands of the xwmƏθkwƏýƏm (Musqueam), Skwxwú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish), sƏĺilwƏtaɁɬ tƏmƏxw (Tsleil-Waututh), S’ólh Téméxw (Stó:lō), and the Kwantlen Territories. We conceptualize ‘re-search’ as a cyclical journey that is not about ‘discovering’ new knowledge but designing a process to search for what is known, existing, and embodied by Mother Earth and our Ancestors. In this paper, we describe our process of using strengths-based approaches grounded in our connections with the Lands and Waters to explore how Indigenous Women living with HIV support their health and well-being by drawing upon Indigenous teachings and healing. Over the course of multiple gatherings conducted over 1 year with the same group of women, we utilized arts-based research methods, Indigenous teachings and ceremony, and Sharing Circles to collect and analyze women’s perspectives and experiences of their health and healthcare. The Wise Women were living in the Coast Salish Territories, yet came from different Communities, including Coast Salish, Cree, Blackfoot, and Navajo Nation. Our Indigenized re-search process was healing for the Wise Women who participated in the study and for us as the re-search team, which promoted re-connection to self, nature, and culture. We share insights on our learnings to support other community-based research teams to engage in re-search by, with, and for Indigenous Women that prioritizes safety, healing, and benefit for those who participate. Such insights include the importance of centering Indigenous Ways of Knowing, Ceremony, and Cultural Practices; changing re-search jargon to more inclusive and honouring language; and reaffirming commitment to Indigenous Communities.
Leadership configuration in crises: Lessons from the English response to COVID-19
Authors: Spyridonidis Dimitrios , Côté Nancy , Currie Graeme , Denis Jean-Louis
Published: September 2022

Our study examines the empirical case of the political leadership response to Covid-19 in England. It shows that, rather than the ideal configuration of leadership suggested by theory, within which individualistic and collective leadership blend, a less balanced configuration emerged that can be characterised as incoherent. In England, an individual political leader behaved in an authoritarian way, which ignored evidence about how to address Covid-19. So, rather than an individual orchestrating a collective leadership effort to address complex issues, leadership was rendered fragmented and chaotic. We suggest that the English context, characterised by populist tendencies and neoliberal economic policy, shaped the poor leadership response to Covid-19.
Interventions to improve knowledge or compliance to hand hygiene in nursing students: A scoping review
Authors: Meza Sierra Charbell Ungido , Perez Jaimes Giovanny Andres , Rueda Díaz Leidy Johanna
Published: September 2022

Background

During their training process, nursing students carry out internships in different care settings, which implies direct contact with more than one patient simultaneously. Their hands represent a vehicle for transmitting pathogens that cause healthcare-related infections. Various interventions have been proposed to improve nursing students' knowledge or compliance to hand hygiene. However, the information on these interventions is scattered in the literature.

Objectives

This study was conducted to identify and describe the interventions to improve knowledge or compliance to hand hygiene in nursing students evaluated in the scientific literature.

Methods

The scoping review methodology guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was adopted. Screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers using templates developed by the authors.

Results

Thirteen studies were included. Education and training were highlighted as the central core components for interventions. The duration ranged from 15 min to 1 week. The number of sessions varied between one to three sessions. The content was based mainly on the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Conclusions

There is a limited body of interventions to improve knowledge or compliance to the hand hygiene technique in nursing students. Education and training were highlighted as the central core components for interventions. New primary studies are needed and should include a description in detail of the characteristics of the interventions.
Intersectional Stratification: Race, Religion, and Status Attainment
Authors: Evans Hannah R. , Park Jerry Z.
Published: September 2022

Research repeatedly shows that stratification occurs through racial classification and systemic racism. Scholars have also shown that stratification in wealth, education, and occupational attainment for Americans varies by religious affiliation. In this article, we incorporate theories of intersectionality and complex religion to study the ways that religion stratifies status attainment within racial groups in the United States. We hypothesize that relational proximity to predominantly white denominations increases status attainment for racial minorities in the United States. Using data from the 2000-2016 waves of the General Social Survey, we find that Black Evangelicals have higher levels of occupational prestige than Black non-Evangelicals. We argue that this is because of networks of social capital via multiracial churches that allow Black Evangelicals access to increasing levels of occupational prestige.
The Emerging Adults’ Relationships with Siblings Scale: Development and Validation
Authors: Jensen Alexander C. , Hamwey Meghan K. , Parkinson Crystal , Dayley Jenna C. , Whiteman Shawn D.
Published: September 2022

The current study reports on a new measure of sibling relationship quality, the Emerging Adults’ Relationships with Siblings Scale (EARSS), which was developed via one qualitative study (Study 1: M Age = 21.20, SD = 2.07, 71% female, N = 45) and two quantitative studies (Study 2: M Age = 25.70, SD = 2.98, 68% female, N = 990; Study 3: M Age = 25.42, SD = 2.53, 55% female, N = 865). Results from these studies yielded a measure of sibling relationships during emerging adulthood that included five confirmed factors: Closeness, Conflict, Ill-Wishes, Parent-Mediated Relationship, and Upward Comparison. Overall, the factors of the EARSS were shown to be internally consistent and demonstrated strong convergent and divergent validity. Compared with previous measures, the EARSS provides an efficient, broad measure of sibling relationship quality relevant to the experiences of emerging adults, and assesses positive and negative dimensions of sibling relationship quality.
A Systematic Review of Acute Irreducible Shoulder Dislocations in the 21st Century
Authors: Liechti Daniel J. , Shepet Kevin H. , Glener Julie E. , Neumann Eric J. , Sraj Shafic
Published: September 2022

Background:

Rarely, closed reduction cannot be achieved in patients with acute shoulder dislocation, necessitating open management. A paucity of literature exists regarding these cases.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review on the mechanism, management, and outcome data of acute irreducible shoulder dislocations.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human participants, acute irreducible shoulder dislocation requiring open management, English language, and publication within the past 20 years. We excluded basic science articles, technique articles, reviews, editorials, and studies of chronic shoulder dislocations or dislocations with ipsilateral humeral shaft fractures.

Results:

Twelve articles fit the inclusion criteria and were considered for review. All studies were single case reports (level 4 evidence). Ten of the 12 studies were of male patients. The direction of dislocation included 7 anterior/anteroinferior, 2 posterior, 1 inferior, 1 bilateral inferior, and 1 superolateral. Most dislocations were irreducible owing to a mechanical block to reduction. The most common type of block was an incarcerated long head of the biceps tendon, followed by interposition of 1 of the rotator cuff tendons. The axillary and musculocutaneous nerves, displaced fracture fragments, and Hill-Sachs and bony Bankart lesions were other causes of blocks to reduction. Eleven patients were treated with open surgery, while 1 patient was treated arthroscopically. Procedures performed were dependent on concurrent pathology. Final follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years, with no repeat dislocation episodes reported. Complications after open reduction included 1 case of brachial plexopathy (posterior cord) and 1 case of musculocutaneous nerve palsy.

Conclusion:

There is a paucity of literature on the management of irreducible acute shoulder dislocations. The most common irreducible dislocation found in this systematic review was anterior with a mechanical block attributed to interposition of the long head of the biceps tendon. When patients were treated with an open or arthroscopic procedure, recurrence was low, with none reporting recurrent dislocation in limited follow-up.
Racialized Tensions and Affinities: Puerto Rican “Apprentices” and the Policing of Female Masculinity
Authors: Silva Cristina
Published: September 2022

The Great Migration of African Americans and La Gran Migración of Puerto Ricans enabled socio-political affinities and tensions to develop in reaction to racial formations in spaces that became Black and Puerto Rican dominant. I link these racial formations to Muñoz’s nomenclature “Brownness,” which describes a shared experience of marginalization from existing outside of White and sexual normativity. I show how affective solidarity and tensions are operationalized within the exotic dance setting, “Divine Dancers.” Divine Dancers are a Black and Puerto Rican collective of women who convene to perform in exotic dance shows for other women. I analyze the disciplining of Puerto Rican masculine-presenting women through a racialized lens. As the most prized gendered sexuality among Divine Dancers, dom identity reflects racialized, gendered, and sexualized discourses that participants draw upon to position themselves as “authentically” masculine.
Safety and Efficacy of Novasil Clay (Calcium Montmorillonite) in Children Exposed to Aflatoxin in Ejura-Sekyedumase District in Ghana
Authors: Kumi Justice , Appiah-Opong Regina , Rein Dietrich , Egbi Godfred , Aninagyei Enoch , Boye Alex , Omane-Acheampong Desmond
Published: September 2022

Background. Aflatoxin levels are very high in animals and humans in places where cereals are poorly stored. In this study, Novasil was evaluated for safety and efficacy in children. Methods. Children (200) aged between 2 and 9 years were put into Novasil and placebo group. Participants received either 1.5 g of Novasil or calcium carbonate in their food. Urine samples were analyzed for AFM1 by HPLC, blood samples were assayed for complete blood count and chemistries. Results. Aflatoxin M1 levels in the Novasil treated group, significantly reduced to 60% compared to an increase of urine AFM1 in the placebo group. Hematological parameters did not change except for an increase in hemoglobin level in the Novasil group. Biochemical parameters remained unchanged except calcium ions. Glutathione levels in the Novasil increased, compared group to the placebo group. Conclusion. Novasil is safe, reduce aflatoxin bioavailability in humans while improving GSH antioxidant capacity as well.

The trial has been registered with Pan African Clinical Trial Registry ( www.pactr.org ). A WHO registry for clinical trials with a unique identification number PACTR202202797930675.
How Do Privacy Laws Impact the Value for Advertisers, Publishers and Users in the Online Advertising Market? A Comparison of the EU, US and China
Authors: Jin Yuxi , Skiera Bernd
Published: September 2022

Regulators worldwide have been implementing different privacy laws. They vary in their impact on the value for advertisers, publishers and users, but not much is known about these differences. This article focuses on three important privacy laws (i.e., General Data Protection Regulation [GDPR], California Consumer Privacy Act [CCPA] and Personal Information Protection Law [PIPL]) and compares their impact on the value for the three primary actors of the online advertising market, namely, advertisers, publishers and users. This article first compares these three privacy laws by developing a legal strictness score. It then uses the existing literature to derive the effects of the legal strictness of each privacy law on each actor’s value. Finally, it quantifies the three privacy laws’ impact on each actor’s value. The results show that GDPR and PIPL are similar and stricter than CCPA. Stricter privacy laws bring larger negative changes to the value for actors. As a result, both GDPR and PIPL decrease the actors’ value more substantially than CCPA. These value declines are the largest for publishers and are rather similar for users and advertisers. Scholars and practitioners can use our findings to explore ways to create value for multiple actors under various privacy laws.
(Dis)Entangling livestock marketplaces: Cattle purchasing, fluid engineering and market displays
Authors: Enticott Gareth , Little Ruth
Published: September 2022

Livestock markets are pathological sites in which contrasting biopolitical regimes compete to reconfigure agricultural practices and identities. Whilst the circulation of cattle is central to agricultural geographies, little is known about the practices of cattle trading or the role of livestock markets in cattle purchasing. Drawing on recent attempts to conceptualise the process of marketisation, this paper seeks to invigorate research into livestock markets. Specifically, the paper conceptualises cattle purchasing as a market encounter in which socio-technical arrangements, devices and bodily performances entangle cattle and farmers, enabling markets to work. Using data collected from interviews, focus groups and participant observation at livestock markets in England, the paper makes two contributions. Firstly, the paper shows how farmers’ cattle purchasing practices are organised by practices of ‘fluid engineering’ that seek to maintain the ‘farm system’. Secondly, the paper shows how at livestock markets, these strategies are mediated by front and backstage ‘market displays’ by farmers and auctioneers which produce market price through a series of performances that are carefully spatially and temporally ordered. Specifically, these displays perform specific rural and agricultural identities, such as the ‘genuine’ or ‘good’ farmer. In creating these spatial frames, frontstage displays diminish the relevance of backstage displays that rely on abstract calculations by distant others. The paper therefore reveals the intense entanglements and socio-technical work that is required to make cattle markets function and their wider relevance for the management of livestock diseases.
Tracing the evolutionary history of blood cells to the unicellular ancestor of animals
Authors: Nagahata Yosuke , Masuda Kyoko , Nishimura Yuji , Ikawa Tomokatsu , Kawaoka Shinpei , Kitawaki Toshio , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Suga Hiroshi , Satou Yutaka , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Kawamoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Blood cells are thought to have emerged as phagocytes in the common ancestor of animals followed by the appearance of novel blood cell lineages such as thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes, during evolution. However, this speculation is not based on genetic evidence and it is still possible to argue that phagocytes in different species have different origins. It also remains to be clarified how the initial blood cells evolved; whether ancient animals have solely developed de novo programs for phagocytes or they have inherited a key program from ancestral unicellular organisms. Here, we traced the evolutionary history of blood cells, and cross-species comparison of gene expression profiles revealed that phagocytes in various animal species and Capsaspora (C.) owczarzaki, a unicellular organism, are transcriptionally similar to each other. We also found that both phagocytes and C. owczarzaki share a common phagocytic program, and that CEBPα is the sole transcription factor highly expressed in both phagocytes and C. owczarzaki. We further showed that the function of CEBPα to drive phagocyte program in nonphagocytic blood cells has been conserved in tunicate, sponge, and C. owczarzaki. We finally showed that, in murine hematopoiesis, repression of CEBPα to maintain nonphagocytic lineages is commonly achieved by polycomb complexes. These findings indicate that the initial blood cells emerged inheriting a unicellular organism program driven by CEBPα and that the program has also been seamlessly inherited in phagocytes of various animal species throughout evolution.
iPLAT1: the first-in-human clinical trial of iPSC-derived platelets as a phase 1 autologous transfusion study
Authors: Sugimoto Naoshi , Kanda Junya , Nakamura Sou , Kitano Toshiyuki , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Kondo Tadakazu , Shimizu Shin , Shigemasa Akiko , Hirai Hideyo , Arai Yasuyuki , Minami Manabu , Tada Harue , Momose Dai , Koh Ki-Ryang , Nogawa Masayuki , Watanabe Naohide , Okamoto Shinichiro , Handa Makoto , Sawaguchi Akira , Matsuyama Nobuki , Tanaka Mitsunobu , Hayashi Tomoya , Fuchizaki Akihiro , Tani Yoshihiko , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Eto Koji
Published: September 2022

Refractoriness to platelet transfusion is a major problem in a small group of patients, and large-scale manufacturing of clinical grade functional platelets ex vivo has remained an elusive goal. Sugimoto et al report on the results of the first clinical trial of an autologous transfusion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived platelets in a patient who had severe aplastic anemia but no compatible platelet donor. Using methodology described in a complementary article in Blood Advances, the results provide proof-of-principle and illustrate the challenges to be faced in taking this approach further.
Trimer IgG and neutralising antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in individuals with sarcoidosis
Authors: Vagts Christen L. , Chang Yi-Shin , Ascoli Christian , Lee Jessica M. , Huang Kai , Huang Yue , Cherian Ruth A. , Sarup Nandini , Warpecha Samantha R. , Edafetanure-Ibeh Russell , Amin Md-Ruhul , Sultana Tasmin , Ghassemi Mahmood , Sweiss Nadera J. , Novak Richard , Perkins David L. , Finn Patricia W.
Published: September 2022

Background

Individuals with sarcoidosis are at higher risk for infection owing to underlying disease pathogenesis and need for immunosuppressive treatment. Current knowledge as to how subjects with sarcoidosis respond to different forms of vaccination is limited. We examined quantitative and functional antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in infection-naive subjects with and without sarcoidosis.

Methods

Our prospective cohort study recruited 14 subjects with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis and 27 age–sex matched controls who underwent a two-shot series of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Baseline, 4-week and 6-month trimer spike protein IgG and neutralising antibody (nAb) titres were assessed. Correlation and multivariate regression analysis was conducted.

Results

Sarcoidosis subjects had a significant increase in short-term antibody production to a level comparable to controls; however, IgG titres significantly declined back to baseline levels by 6 months. Corresponding neutralising assays revealed robust nAb titres in sarcoidosis subjects that persisted at 6 months. A significant and strong correlation between IgG and nAb titres across all time points was observed in the control group. However within the sarcoidosis group, a significant but weak correlation between antibody levels was found. Overall, IgG levels were poor predictors of nAb titres at short- or long-term time points.

Conclusions

Sarcoidosis subjects exhibit nAb induced by the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at levels comparable to controls that persists at 6 months indicating conferred immunity. Trimer IgG levels are poor predictors of nAb in subjects with sarcoidosis. Studies of further antibody immunoglobulins and subtypes warrant investigation.
Atlas of regulated target genes of transcription factors (ART-TF) in human ES cells
Authors: Sharov Alexei A. , Nakatake Yuhki , Wang Weidong
Published: September 2022

Background

Transcription factors (TFs) play central roles in maintaining “stemness” of embryonic stem (ES) cells and their differentiation into several hundreds of adult cell types. The regulatory competence of TFs is routinely assessed by detecting target genes to which they bind. However, these data do not indicate which target genes are activated, repressed, or not affected by the change of TF abundance. There is a lack of large-scale studies that compare the genome binding of TFs with the expression change of target genes after manipulation of each TF.

Results

In this paper we associated human TFs with their target genes by two criteria: binding to genes, evaluated from published ChIP-seq data (n = 1868); and change of target gene expression shortly after induction of each TF in human ES cells. Lists of direction- and strength-specific regulated target genes are generated for 311 TFs (out of 351 TFs tested) with expected proportion of false positives less than or equal to 0.30, including 63 new TFs not present in four existing databases of target genes. Our lists of direction-specific targets for 152 TFs (80.0%) are larger that in the TRRUST database. In average, 30.9% of genes that respond greater than or equal to twofold to the induction of TFs are regulated targets. Regulated target genes indicate that the majority of TFs are either strong activators or strong repressors, whereas sets of genes that responded greater than or equal to twofold to the induction of TFs did not show strong asymmetry in the direction of expression change. The majority of human TFs (82.1%) regulated their target genes primarily via binding to enhancers. Repression of target genes is more often mediated by promoter-binding than activation of target genes. Enhancer-promoter loops are more abundant among strong activator and repressor TFs.

Conclusions

We developed an atlas of regulated targets of TFs (ART-TF) in human ES cells by combining data on TF binding with data on gene expression change after manipulation of individual TFs. Sets of regulated gene targets were identified with a controlled rate of false positives. This approach contributes to the understanding of biological functions of TFs and organization of gene regulatory networks. This atlas should be a valuable resource for ES cell-based regenerative medicine studies.