bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between interpersonal security and social media dependence: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Li Jinglin , Tan Jiajia , Zhang Shang , Wang Haihong , Yi Xinfa
Published: February 2025

Background

Interpersonal security is an important psychological factor influencing social media use. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms linking Interpersonal security and social media dependence.

Objective

The present study explored the mediating role of negative rumination between interpersonal safety and social media dependence, as well as cohort differences in sibling conditions as moderators.

Methods

A total of 986 college students were surveyed using a cross-sectional design. Participants completed the Interpersonal Security Questionnaire, the Social Media Dependence Scale, and the Negative Rumination Scale.

Results

The results showed that a significant interrelationship between interpersonal security, negative rumination, and social media dependence. In addition, the role of negative rumination as a mediator of interpersonal security and social media dependence was supported, and the mediating effects were different between the only-child and non-only-child cohorts.

Conclusions

Findings of the study provide a psychological basis for the treatment of social media dependence behavior in college students, with the aim of increasing their interpersonal security and reducing their dependence on social media.
Premature mortality patterns among American Indians in North Dakota, 2010–2019 (pre-pandemic)
Authors: Nadeau Melanie , Steele Joel S. , Lyon-Colbert Amber , Kelliher Allison , Barnett Joshua , Begay Andria , Warne Donald
Published: February 2025

Background

According to the National Center for Health Data, in 2017 American Indians in North Dakota experience the highest age-adjusted mortality rate in the United States. Data shows that the age-adjusted death rate for all North Dakotans has steadily declined since 1979. However, mortality remains high among American Indians in North Dakota.

Purpose

Assess pre-pandemic disparities and age-specific mortality patterns to better inform and guide communities and providers on prevention, planning, and policy efforts to advance health equity.

Methods

Death certificate data from 2010–2019 were obtained and analyzed, evaluating the decade prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in order to assess pre-pandemic age-specific mortality rates and rate ratios for 3,369 American Indian and 57,778 White residents in North Dakota. Premature mortality is defined as death <65 years of age.

Results

The median age at death for American Indian males in North Dakota from 2010 to 2019 was 55 compared to 77 years for White males, and the median age at death for American Indian females was 62 compared to 85 years for White females. Consistent patterns for leading causes of death showed that American Indians suffer disproportionately compared to White residents in North Dakota. The three leading causes of death for American Indians in North Dakota, accounting for approximately 55.4% of all deaths were diseases of the heart (21.7%), cancer (18.5%), and accidents (15.2%). From 2010 to 2019, all cause mortality rates were higher in every age and sex stratum for American Indians compared to White residents in North Dakota. American Indians die 22.5 years younger on average compared to White residents in North Dakota starting at birth and continuing over the lifespan.

Conclusion

To best address the health and wellbeing of the American Indian population in North Dakota, multisectoral efforts focused on prevention, improved policies, and cultural humility and safety in the health systems are needed. Solutions should center American Indian voices, cultures and spaces, and include Tribes, Tribal organizations, Tribal health, Indian Health Service and Urban Indian Health Centers. Additionally, standards for death certificates in the United States could benefit populations by accurately reflecting race and rates of illness and death.
Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of the coupling and coordinated development of China's digital economy and older adult care services
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Wei , Li Sha
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aims to examine the level of coupled and coordinated development between China's digital economy and older adult care services, analyzing their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and key influencing factors, with the goal of providing feasible recommendations and scientific bases for the development of the digital economy and older adult care services in China.

Methods

This study uses publicly available panel data from China for the years 2015–2022. It employs the entropy method to measure the weights of various indicators in the digital economy and older adult care services. The study analyzes the level of coordinated development between the two using the coupling coordination degree model, and measures the main driving factors using the geographical detector model.

Results

(1) The overall level of coupling and coordinated development between China's digital economy and older adult care services shows an upward trend, but the growth rate is uneven, exhibiting an “M-shaped” pattern, with rapid growth followed by gradual slowdown, a bottoming-out rebound, and then a continuous decline. (2) There are significant spatial differences in the coupling and coordinated development of China's digital economy and older adult care services. Coastal areas are developing rapidly, inland areas have great potential, while peripheral areas are relatively lagging behind. Additionally, neighboring regions show regional linkage dynamics. (3) The main factors driving the coupling and coordinated development of China's digital economy and older adult care services include enterprise website ownership, technological contract turnover, the proportion of information technology service income, the building area of older adult care institutions, daily in-house visits, and the number of professional technical personnel.

Conclusion

To achieve coordinated development between the digital economy and older adult care services, efforts should focus on policy, market, technology, and talent. The government should support technological innovation and new service models, while tailoring strategies to regional market demands. Additionally, accelerating the industrialization of innovations and promoting intelligent upgrades in older adult care services are crucial. Finally, more investment is needed to cultivate composite talents in both the government and older adult care institutions.
Evaluation of the Power Up program: a health promotion program encouraging healthy lifestyle habits among youth in summer day camps—study protocol
Authors: Larose David , Chih-Shing Chen Melvin , Paracini Tania , Panahi Shirin , Yessis Jennifer , Tremblay Angelo , Drapeau Vicky
Published: February 2025

Introduction

During the summer holidays, children often demonstrate reduced physical activity and poorer dietary habits, largely attributed to the lack of structured routines and supervision that school provides. Summer camps have the potential to offer youth engaging and organized activities and serve as an environment for promoting healthy lifestyle habits. This paper presents the protocol for the evaluation of the Power Up program, a study which aims to evaluate counselors' satisfaction with the Power Up services, trainings, and tools, their engagement in the program, as well as their self-efficacy and intention to promote physical activity, nutrition, and well-being through the camp environment. The secondary aim is to assess the program's effectiveness on physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and healthy eating among counselors and campers, along with the determinants of these behaviors.

Methods

This quasi-experimental study will evaluate the efficacy of implementing Power Up, a healthy lifestyle promotion program in summer camps. Power Up offers a range of services, trainings, and tools designed to assist camps in promoting healthy lifestyle habits, all developed based on the Social Cognitive Theory. Camps can choose from various services based on their needs, including personalized support, funding, challenge-based activities and contests. Training for camp counselors is provided with additional advanced workshops and webinars available. The program also includes over 150 tools to promote healthy lifestyle habits, such as physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and healthy eating. This study plans to enroll counselors aged 15 to 21 and campers aged 8 to 12 in two Canadian provinces from multiple summer camps over 3 years. Due to constraints that complicate the inclusion of a control group, an implementation score will be used to document the program's effects based on its degree of implementation in the camps. Descriptive statistics and MIXED linear models for repeated measures will be used to assess the effects of time, group (high vs. low implementation) and their interactions on behaviors and their determinants.

Conclusions

The results will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of implementing Power Up to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits among counselors and campers and its effect on the camp environment.
Generational differences in healthcare: the role of technology in the path forward
Authors: Cecconi Costanza , Adams Rob , Cardone Antonella , Declaye Joséfine , Silva Mitchell , Vanlerberghe Tineke , Guldemond Nick , Devisch Ignaas , van Vugt Joris
Published: February 2025

Healthcare systems worldwide are under increasing pressure due to aging populations, rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and heightened patient expectations. Generational differences significantly impact perceptions of health, healthcare decision-making, use of digital technologies, and attitudes toward preventative health. This perspective article explores these differences through the lens of Generational Cohort Theory, focusing on six generations: the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, Generation Z, and Generation Alpha. We highlight how each cohort's unique experiences shape their healthcare values, preferences, and engagement with digital health technologies. Younger, tech-savvy generations demand personalized, data-driven healthcare solutions, while older generations often face barriers to adopting digital tools due to limited digital literacy. The article emphasizes the importance of tailoring healthcare delivery, including hybrid care models, to accommodate diverse generational preferences. It further addresses the role of artificial intelligence, wearable technologies, and mobile health apps in preventative care and the need for targeted education to bridge the digital divide and combat misinformation. We propose strategies to integrate digital health solutions and generationally sensitive communication approaches, ensuring equitable access to healthcare services and fostering patient empowerment. Ultimately, this work underscores the need for a multi-faceted, inclusive approach to healthcare delivery to meet the demands of an evolving patient demographic and drive progress in public health systems.
Virtual reality for emergency medicine training on traffic accident injury treatment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Zhe , Wang Wei , Huang Zheng-Zhuang
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based training program in improving emergency physicians’ ability to manage multi-casualty traffic injuries, compared to conventional training methods.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 76 emergency physicians from a single hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to either the VR group (n = 38) or the control group (n = 38). The VR group underwent immersive training using a VR simulation of multi-casualty traffic accidents, while the control group received traditional lectures and mannequin-based simulations. Primary outcomes included on-site assessment, triage accuracy, and decision-making in transportation, assessed immediately post-training. Secondary outcomes were participant satisfaction and confidence levels.

Results

The VR group performed significantly better in on-site assessments (P < 0.05), triage accuracy (P < 0.05), and transportation decision-making (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The VR group also reported higher satisfaction and confidence in applying learned skills in real-world situations (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

VR-based training enhances emergency physicians’ performance in managing multi-casualty traffic accidents, demonstrating its potential as a scalable and effective educational tool for emergency medical training.
Key factors influencing long-term engagement: a quantitative analysis of Special Olympics World Games 2023 volunteers
Authors: Hannawacker Antonia , Rose Lina-Doreen , Preuss Holger
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The contribution of volunteers to the success of mega sport events is very valuable, as they dedicate their time and skills without financial compensation. Despite the undiminished enthusiasm for volunteering at events, grassroots sport in Europe faces increasing challenges in retaining long-term volunteers in sports clubs. This study aims to contribute to existing research by examining the characteristics and motivations of volunteers at mega sport events, with a particular focus on the Special Olympics World Games 2023 (SOWG 23). Furthermore, it seeks to identify factors that influence long-term engagement, ultimately promoting a sustainable volunteering legacy.

Methods

A quantitative methodology was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire survey conducted in the context of the SOWG 23 in Berlin. The questionnaire addressed various domains, including satisfaction, expectations, volunteering history, future volunteering intentions, perceptions of sport event characteristics, and socio-demographic variables. Additionally, an extended version of the VMS-ISE scale was employed in order to ascertain the motives of the surveyed volunteers. Following verification, 512 validated responses were subjected to analysis employing descriptive and inferential statistical methods and techniques.

Results

The results demonstrate that most respondents were female, married or in life partnerships, without children, of advanced age, highly educated, and with prior volunteering experience despite no parental history of volunteering. Intrinsic motivations were pivotal for volunteer engagement at the SOWG 23, while extrinsic rewards had a lesser influence. The group-specific analysis, based on individual volunteering history, identified key factors that distinguished those who became active as a result of the event from those who did not. The binomial logistic regression model developed was statistically significant [χ2(18) = 48.01, p < .001] and explained a large proportion of the variance (R2 = .51).

Discussion/Conclusion

This study enhances the understanding of the characteristics and motivations of volunteers engaged in the Special Olympics context, and identifies specific factors that facilitate long-term engagement. Furthermore, the findings offer invaluable insights that have informed the development of recruitment strategies aimed at fostering a volunteer legacy in both the sports and non-sports sectors.
Power in the flow: how menstrual experiences shape women's strength training performance
Authors: Ryman Augustsson Sofia , Findhé-Malenica Anna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hormone levels fluctuate significantly throughout the menstrual cycle (MC), potentially impacting physical performance during training. However, the number of studies examining women's experiences during strength training throughout the MC is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore women's perceptions of strength training during different MC phases.

Methods

In this study, a qualitative study design was used where five women (24–32 years) with recreational experience in strength training kept an exercise diary during a MC. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative conventional content analysis, with an inductive approach.

Results

From the analysis, three overarching themes describing the content of the interviews emerged: “Biopsychosocial Dynamics and Individual Variability in the Early Follicular Phase”, “From Peak to Breaking Point: Performance Dynamics from Late Follicular Phase to Ovulation” and “Diversity in Mental and Physical Well-Being During the Luteal Phase”. From women's perspectives, strength training performance seems to fluctuate across the different phases of the MC, influenced by both physiological and psychological challenges, though with individual variation.

Discussion

The findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to managing the physiological and psychological challenges that may arise during each phase of the MC, along with the importance of social support. The results also stress that performance fluctuations across the MC are unique, further emphasizing the inability to recommend general phase-based exercise protocols.
Pioneering the use of embedded research translation methodology for potential increased income and livelihoods of smallholder farmers
Authors: Kajobe Robert , Kabuga Experito Muyanja , Dricile Ratib , Wadri Victor , Malingumu Richard , Yumbya Peninah
Published: February 2025

Whereas participatory research and development is widely acclaimed, an effective explicit procedure for ensuring end-user participation remains a holy grail. Our study proposes a simple participatory approach by operationalizing the Embedded Research Translation (ERT), developed by LASER PULSE, and demonstrates its application among smallholder vegetable farming communities in the West Nile sub-region of Uganda. The ERT involves integrating research findings directly into practical applications or solutions within specific contexts. It emphasizes collaboration between researchers and stakeholders, ensuring that findings are relevant, actionable, and effectively applied in real-world scenarios. It is built on four pillars: (i) partnerships between researchers and stakeholders (ii) engaging in a process of generating a relevant research (iii) product and (iv) dissemination of findings. Based on these pillars and their underlying principles, an implementation process is recommended, beginning with a start-up stage where researchers actively involve a diverse range of partners and stakeholders. This is followed by a design stage, characterized by participatory discussions, collaborative decision-making, and planning. These steps guide the implementation phase, during which partners remain actively engaged in research. Finally, the partnership collectively disseminates the findings to maximize impact and uptake. In our study, we adapted the method to Ugandan context using a five-stage procedure: In the first stage (understanding the context), researchers rapidly obtain as much information as possible about the relevant aspects of the target cropping system and the broad areas of intervention through literature review, and quantitative baseline surveys. This is followed by the second stage (co validation) in which the information is validated by stakeholders through FGDs and feedback meetings. At the third stage (co-selection of priority areas of interventions), researchers and stakeholders co-select target crops and specific constraints to be addressed. The fourth stage is co-development which involves co-ideation and co-testing of potential technologies. The final stage (dissemination) consists of scaling the co-developed technologies through the partnership and other dissemination channels.
Effects of the epidemic and obstacle factors on the evolution of livelihood resilience of scenic farm households: a case study of the Wulingyuan scenic area, China
Authors: Wu Jilin , Liu Shuiliang , Xue Keke , Zuo Jinyou , Li Li , Guo Derong
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Investigating the dynamic transformation of livelihood strategies of scenic farm households affected by COVID-19 is required for farmers to cope with external influencing factors, optimize their livelihoods, and ensure the sustainable development of scenic farm households’ livelihoods.

Methods

This study analyzes 364 farm households in five tourist villages in the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Area of Zhangjiajie City and establishes an index system to evaluate farm household livelihood resilience based on buffering, learning, and self-organizing capacities. The obstacle degree model is used to analyze resilience in the normal tourism stage (2019), epidemic disruption stage (2021), and tourism recovery stage (2023). The evolution characteristics of livelihood resilience and obstacle factors of farm households in the scenic area are assessed in the three stages and for different livelihood strategies.

Results

The results show the following. (1) The epidemic significantly affected farmers’ livelihood resilience index. It was the highest in the normal tourism stage (0.449), followed by the tourism recovery stage (0.415) and the epidemic disruption stage (0.395). (2) The livelihood resilience indices of the four types of farm households had a clustered distribution and were relatively low. While there is considerable variability in the composition of health and education within farm households, and the livelihood resilience of farmers with different livelihood strategies was imbalanced. (3) The per capita forest land area (B2), skill training opportunities (L4), borrowing opportunities (S3), and migrant work (entrepreneurship) (S4) significantly affected the livelihood resilience of different types of farm households in different stages.

Discussion

This study enhances the dynamic assessment of farmers’ livelihood resilience at the micro level, providing a valuable decision-making reference for addressing external disturbances, such as epidemics, and implementing diversified livelihood strategies.
The effect of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on intestinal health indicators and fecal bacterial composition in Kazakh sheep
Authors: Zheng Xiaokai , Sun Yingchao , Guo Sijin , Yu Junyang , Huang Rongzheng , Zhang Fanfan
Published: February 2025

Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera shows great promise for use in antibiotic-free feed, potentially contributing to the green and sustainable development of the animal husbandry industry. In this study, we investigated the impact of Broussonetia papyrifera silage on the intestinal health of Kazakh sheep. Forty healthy male Kazakh sheep, aged 5 months and weighing an average of 28.28 ± 1.14 kg, were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group, each comprising four replicates, with five sheep per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group received a diet supplemented with 20% Broussonetia papyrifera silage (dry matter basis). The 70-day experiment included a 10-day adaptation phase followed by a 60-day feeding trial. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance or apparent nutrient digestibility between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). However, the experimental group exhibited significantly greater total antioxidant capacity, alongside higher contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulins A, M, and G, and interleukins-2, −6, and −8 in the intestinal mucosa; in contrast, malondialdehyde and interleukin-4 contents were significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of Broussonetia papyrifera silage resulted in a reduction in the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Turicibacter and Romboutsia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the feeding of Broussonetia papyrifera silage to Kazakh sheep significantly enhanced immune function, increased antioxidant capacity, and reduced the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sheep without negatively impacting their growth or nutrient digestion, thus supporting the overall health of the animals.
Deployment of a Testbed for Validation of TSN Networks in Avionics
Authors: Castro-Lara Laura , Vera-Soto Pablo , Fortes Sergio , Escaño Vicente , Ortiz Rafael , Barco Raquel
Published: February 2025

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) in avionics is being considered as a standard capable of providing more real-time and safety-critical capabilities than AFDX, the current standard in avionics communications. A TSN profile is therefore being developed for the aerospace domain by IEEE. Hence, this research outlines the deployment of a testbed aimed at validating TSN in avionics to ensure that this technology meets the stringent timing and latency requirements of avionics applications. To this end, a daisy chain or ring topology has been set up for the validation of the testbed, as this topology provides redundancy of paths without the need to add additional devices. This work presents latency and jitter measurements under different priority configurations and different channel saturation conditions, showing no packet loss and demonstrating the reliability of TSN for time-critical applications. A comparison with Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet (AFDX) simulations was also made, highlighting the weaknesses of AFDX. By providing a comprehensive platform for testing and validation, the testbed will contribute to the advancement of TSN technology in aerospace applications, ultimately improving the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Asymmetric Discard Characteristics of Hypervelocity Projectile Sabot
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Lu Junyong , Li Bai , Tan Sai , Xie Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

Sabots are vital to the successful launch of hypervelocity projectiles (HVPs), supporting and protecting the projectile’s flight body within the barrel. After the projectile exits the muzzle, aerodynamic forces induce relative motion between the sabot and the flight body, termed ‘sabot discard’. During this process, there are complex aerodynamic interactions between the sabot and flight body. These interactions impact the flight body’s flight stability and accuracy. This research focuses on an HVP with a two-segment sabot at Mach 7.2, employing the unstructured overset grid method and three-degree-of-freedom model to investigate the impact of the angle of attack (AOA) on the discard. At the AOA = 0 Deg, the sabot segments’ movement is symmetric, causing fluctuations in the flight body’s drag. However, at AOAs ≠ 0 Deg, the sabot segments’ movement becomes asymmetric. The upper sabot segment accelerates while the lower one decelerates, causing significant fluctuations in drag and lift, and prolonged disturbance. As the AOA increases, both asymmetry and disturbances intensify. Notably, at the AOA = 8 Deg, the absolute value of the discard angle difference between the upper and lower sabot segments reaches 45 Deg. Considering the AOA’s impact, it is advisable to maintain the AOA for HVP sabot discard in the range of [−2, 2] Deg.
Effect of High Pressure Sodium and Light-Emitting Diode Lamps’ Supplementary Lighting and Diffusion Glass on Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Pink Tomato
Authors: Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Mirgos Małgorzata , Geszprych Anna , Przybył Jarosław , Sujkowska-Rybkowska Marzena , Borucki Wojciech , Kalisz Stanisław , Jonczak Jerzy , Sobczak-Samburska Anna , Kunka Małgorzata , Gajc-Wolska Janina
Published: February 2025

In this study, for first time, the efficiency of the yield and fruit quality of the pink tomato cultivar ‘Tomimaru Muchoo’ was studied in hydroponic cultivation with top and interlighting with LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and diffusion glass (DGlass) to cover the glasshouse roof (LED+LED+DGlass). DGlass was also tested in tomato cultivation with only top lighting by sodium lamps (HPS+DGlass). The control, which had no DGlass (HPS, high-pressure sodium), was a crop with sodium lamps from above, where the roof was covered with conventional glasshouse glass. Selected parameters of tomato plant growth and development, photosynthetic activity, and chemical composition were analysed. Tomato fruits were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics as well as sensory quality. LED+LED+DGlass-supplemented tomato plants had the shortest fruiting stems, a higher dry matter of leaves, higher Mg2+ ion concentration, and photosynthetic apparatus activity (PI, PSII performance index) compared with the control (HPS). More light under DGlass conditions with and without LEDs (HPS+DGlass and LED+LED+DGlass) increased the tomato leaf thickness and number of mesophyll layers. The highest tomato fruit yield was obtained in the LED+LED+DGlass combination compared with the conventional growing technology (HPS). Fruits from this combination were characterised by the highest total soluble solids (TSS), carotenoids, and ascorbic acid content and the most favourable sugar/acid ratio. In the sensory evaluation, these fruits were sweeter and less acidic than fruits from the other crop combinations. The results obtained confirm the significant influence of light quality on plant growth, development, and yield.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing for Monitoring Fractional Vegetation Cover in Creeping Plants: A Case Study of Thymus mongolicus Ronniger
Authors: Zheng Hao , Mi Wentao , Cao Kaiyan , Ren Weibo , Chi Yuan , Yuan Feng , Liu Yaling
Published: February 2025

Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is a key indicator of plant growth. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery has gained prominence for FVC monitoring due to its high resolution. However, most studies have focused on single phenological stages or specific crop types, with limited research on the continuous temporal monitoring of creeping plants. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Thymus mongolicus Ronniger (T. mongolicus). UAV-acquired visible light and multispectral images were collected across key phenological stages: green-up, budding, early flowering, peak flowering, and fruiting. FVC estimation models were developed using four algorithms: multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN). The SVR model achieved optimal performance during the green-up (R2 = 0.87) and early flowering stages (R2 = 0.91), while the ANN model excelled during budding (R2 = 0.93), peak flowering (R2 = 0.95), and fruiting (R2 = 0.77). The predictions of the best-performing models were consistent with ground truth FVC values, thereby effectively capturing dynamic changes in FVC. FVC growth rates exhibited distinct variations across phenological stages, indicating high consistency between predicted and actual growth trends. This study highlights the feasibility of UAV-based FVC monitoring for T. mongolicus and indicates its potential for tracking creeping plants.
Association Between Frailty Scoring and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hunter Alex , Roche Matthew , Robeel Moheb , Hodgson Luke
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold-standard assessment of functional capacity and predicts postoperative outcomes in major abdominal and thoracic surgery, as well as in older individuals undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer. However, CPET is resource-intensive and not universally available. Simpler objective assessments of functional capacity, such as Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scoring, predict postoperative complications and may be useful in aiding shared decision and perioperative planning. Objectives: This study aimed to assess local cohort data and investigate the association between Clinical Frailty Scoring, CPET outcomes, and length of hospital stay. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients who had received a cardiopulmonary exercise test as part of their preoperative assessment for major abdominal and thoracic surgery between May 2018 and December 2022 in four district general hospitals. Results: This study featured 174 patients, age 73 (mean), CFS 3 (mean), who underwent CPET with associated CFS scoring. The CFS scores were weakly correlated with the anaerobic threshold, VO2 peak, and ventilatory equivalents, coefficients measuring −0.34, −0.36, and 0.31 (all p < 0.001), respectively. Linear regression demonstrated a negative coefficient for the association of CFS with the VO2 peak and the AT, measuring −1.22 and −1.70, respectively, both p < 0.001. The CFS score was not predictive of 1-year mortality in this group. In a subgroup analysis (n = 59), there was no association between the CFS score and the length of stay. Conclusions: Our data suggest a weak relationship between the CFS score and the CPET results. Further investigations with larger prospective datasets are required to explore the use of CFS as a surrogate for CPET and its use as an independent predictor for perioperative outcomes. This study supports the limited literature available on this subject.
Limb-Sparing Surgery and Stifle Arthrodesis Using Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Guides and Endoprosthesis for Distal Femoral Chondrosarcoma in a Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Panichi Enrico , Tabbì Marco , Principato Gaetano , Dal Magro Valentina , Valentini Fabio , Currenti Marco , Macrì Francesco
Published: February 2025

Limb-sparing techniques for appendicular primary bone tumors are still associated with a high rate of complications. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific instruments could reduce these complications. The aim of this study is to describe a limb-sparing surgery using 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) and an endoprosthesis (PSE) to treat femoral chondrosarcoma in a dog. An eight-year-old female Golden Retriever presented with persistent lameness of the right hind limb, reluctance to move and difficulty in maintaining a standing position. Palpation of the right femur revealed an approximately 4 cm painful lesion. Cytological analysis of the needle aspiration supported the clinical and radiological suggestion of a cartilaginous bone neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) scans suggested the presence of an aggressive lesion on the right distal femur. CT scans of the femur and tibia were then reconstructed using a bone tissue algorithm and processed with computer-aided design (CAD) software, which allowed for performing virtual surgical planning (VSP) and the fabrication of both the PSG and the PSE. Anti-inflammatory drugs and monoclonal antibodies were used for pain management while waiting for surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy was also administered. An ostectomy of the distal third of the femur to completely remove the tumor was performed with the designed PSG, while the bone defect was filled with the designed PSE. Histopathological examination of the osteotomized bone segment confirmed a grade 2 central chondrosarcoma. There was no excessive tumor growth during the 28 days between the CT scans and surgery. Both PSG and PSE fitted perfectly to the bone surfaces. PSG eliminated the need for intraoperative imaging and ensured a faster and more accurate osteotomy. PSE optimized load sharing and eliminated the complications of the commercial endoprosthesis, such as incongruity and the need for manual intraoperative adjustment. Overall, the use of VSP, 3D-printed PSG and PSE significantly reduced surgical time, risk of infection and intra- and postoperative complications.
Biological Activities of Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) and Its Antibacterial Activities Against ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Matlou Tshepo Divine , Matotoka Mashilo Mash , Mnisi Talita Jessica , Masoko Peter
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The rise in antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens, which are responsible for severe and hard-to-treat infections, highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents. While species in the Leonotis genus have demonstrated antimicrobial potential, limited research exists on Leonotis ocymifolia. This study evaluated the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of L. ocymifolia leaf and stem extracts. Methods: Acidified acetone and hexane were used for extraction, followed by liquid–liquid fractionation with dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and butanol. Phytochemicals were profiled using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), while polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using colorimetric and DPPH assays, respectively. Antibacterial activity was assessed via bioautography and micro-broth dilution assays. Antibiofilm activities were evaluated using crystal violet staining, and metabolic activity was assessed using tetrazolium salt as a cell viability indicator. Results: Ethyl acetate fractions had the highest phenolic (98.15 ± 9.63 mg GAE/g) and tannin contents (108.28 ± 8.78 mg GAE/g), with strong DPPH scavenging activity (79–90% at 250 µg/mL). DCM extracts had potent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.31–0.625 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiofilm assays revealed over 50% inhibition across biofilm formation phases, with DCM leaf extracts disrupting biofilms by inhibiting microbial metabolism. Conclusions: This study highlights L. ocymifolia as a promising source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The DCM and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated high polyphenol content and effective biofilm inhibition. Further studies are warranted to isolate bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action.
Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins in Addressing the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scrutiny of Select Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Feldman Francis , Koudoufio Mireille , Sané Alain Théophile , Marcil Valérie , Sauvé Mathilde Foisy , Butcher James , Patey Natalie , Martel Catherine , Spahis Schohraya , Duan Haonan , Figeys Daniel , Desjardins Yves , Stintzi Alain , Levy Emile
Published: February 2025

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a spectrum of interconnected conditions comprising obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (IR). While a singular, all-encompassing treatment for MetS remains elusive, an integrative approach involving tailored lifestyle modifications and emerging functional food therapies holds promise in preventing its multifaceted manifestations. Our main objective was to scrutinize the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC, 200 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) in mitigating MetS pathophysiology in male mice subjected to standard Chow or high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diets while unravelling intricate mechanisms. The administration of PAC, in conjunction with an HFHF diet, significantly averted obesity, evidenced by reductions in body weight, adiposity across various fat depots, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Similarly, PAC prevented HFHF-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia while also lessening IR. Furthermore, PAC proved effective in alleviating key risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases by diminishing plasma saturated fatty acids, as well as levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and non-HDL-C levels. The rise in adiponectin and drop in circulating levels of inflammatory markers showcased PAC’s protective role against inflammation. To better clarify the mechanisms behind PAC actions, gut–liver axis parameters were examined, showing significant enhancements in gut microbiota composition, microbiota-derived metabolites, and marked reductions in intestinal and hepatic inflammation, liver steatosis, and key biomarkers associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism. This study enhances our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the development of MetS and provides valuable insights into how PAC may alleviate cardiometabolic dysfunction in HFHF mice.
Enhancing Photoprotection and Mitigating Ex Vivo Stratum Corneum Oxidative Stress: A Multifunctional Strategy Combining Rosmarinic Acid with UVB Filters
Authors: Macedo Pedro Ivo de Souza , Pinto Claudinéia Aparecida Sales de Oliveira , Hiraishi Camila Faustino , Marques Gabriela de Argollo , Escudeiro Cassiano Carlos , Pessoa Fabiana Vieira Lima Solino , Gregório João , Rosado Catarina , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Baby André Rolim
Published: February 2025

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major contributor to skin injury, including sunburn, photoaging, and augmented risk of skin cancer, primarily through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce oxidative stress. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic compound with antioxidant and several other biological properties, has shown promise in mitigating such damage when incorporated into sunscreens. We evaluated RA’s possible interactions and potential to enhance the efficacy of three worldwide known UVB filters—ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), octocrylene (OCT), and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). The performance of sunscreens with and without RA (0.1% w/w) was analyzed through in vitro and in vivo photoprotective assessments. The HPLC-TBARS-EVSC (high-performance liquid chromatography—thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—ex vivo stratum corneum) protocol, which quantified oxidative stress reduction in the human stratum corneum, was also used. The in vitro photoprotective assays showed that RA had distinct levels of interactions with the UVB filters. When associated with EHMC, RA exclusively acted in the UVB range (SPF-enhancing effect). Remarkably, for EHS, RA contributed to a higher efficacy profile in the total UV spectrum. OCT-RA was the sample that reached the highest critical wavelength value parallelly to OCT, boosting the in vivo SPF by more than 157% in comparison to OCT. However, its in vitro SPF performance was not affected by the RA addition, being comparable to OCT, EHS, and EHS-RA. Furthermore, the HPLC-TBARS-EVSC protocol highlighted RA’s ability to reduce lipid peroxidation, with OCT-RA exhibiting the most notable protective effect. These findings underscore RA’s potential as a multifunctional additive in sunscreen systems, enhancing both photoprotection and oxidative stress mitigation.
Structural Optimization Design of Spaceborne Microwave Probe Antenna
Authors: Wang Damiao , Yan Chang , Kan Peiyuan , He Jieying , Zhang Shengwei , Fan Wenjie
Published: February 2025

The scanning drive mechanism of the spaceborne microwave-sounding antenna has two working modes of constant speed and variable speed, and the special structural form and layout of the reflecting surface lead to a large perturbation moment in the constant speed and variable speed scanning modes. The optimized design of the reflecting surface reinforcement structure of the antenna’s scanning drive mechanism is of great significance for the adjustment of the dynamic stiffness and rotational moment of inertia of the system, which helps to reduce the influence of the moment perturbation. In this paper, a design method combining topology optimization and size optimization is adopted to optimize the design of the reflecting surface reinforcement structure of the planar antenna. The topology optimization constrains the volume, and the objective function is the first-order frequency maximum. The topology optimization results show that the reinforcement is arranged along the center in a “palm” shape. The size optimization is based on the objective of minimizing the rotational inertia of the structure, and the constraints are the dynamic stiffness and the RMS of the structural stress values. The dynamic stiffness of the structure is improved after size optimization, the mass of the reinforcing bar is reduced by 26% compared with the original structure, the rotational inertia of the planar antenna is reduced by 39% compared with the original structure, and the perturbation moments are decreased by 52% at uniform speeds and by 39% at variable speeds.
Numerical Study on Redbed Slope Stability Under Multi-Factor Conditions
Authors: Wen Hua , Li Hanglin , Pang Teng , Wu Jiujiang
Published: February 2025

Redbed soft rocks, widely distributed in China, are highly susceptible to weathering, disintegration, and strength reduction under environmental and engineering disturbances, posing critical challenges for slope stability. This study investigates the stability and failure mechanisms of high road-cut slopes in redbed regions under excavation, seismic, and rainfall conditions. Numerical simulations were conducted based on actual engineering sites, using the FLAC3D finite difference model to simulate conditions typical of these sites while incorporating realistic geological features such as weak interlayers and fluid–solid coupling effects. Results reveal that under excavation, the slope exhibits displacement discontinuities and stress concentration near weak interlayers. However, the safety factor of the redbed slope remains at 1.58 at this stage, suggesting that large-scale collapses or landslides are unlikely. Seismic loading amplifies displacements and accelerations, with the maximum deformation reaching a shear displacement of 0.81 m, observed in the upper sections of the redbed slope. Under prolonged rainfall, the slope experiences increased saturation and sliding along interlayer surfaces, driven by reduced shear strength. Combined influences of these factors highlight the vulnerability of redbed slopes to localized failure in weakly weathered zones, necessitating targeted reinforcement strategies. These findings provide a deeper understanding of redbed slope behavior under complex conditions, addressing key challenges in geotechnical and transportation infrastructure engineering.