bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophages and food safety: An updated overview
Authors: Imran Ali , Shehzadi Umber , Islam Fakhar , Afzaal Muhammad , Ali Rehman , Ali Yuosra Amer , Chauhan Anamika , Biswas Sunanda , Khurshid Sadaf , Usman Ifrah , Hussain Ghulam , Zahra Syeda Mahvish , Shah Mohd Asif , Rasool Adil
Published: May 2023

Despite significant advances in pathogen survival and food cleaning measures, foodborne diseases continue to be the main reason for hospitalization or other fatality globally. Conventional antibacterial techniques including pasteurization, pressurized preparation, radioactivity, as well as synthetic antiseptics could indeed decrease bacterial activity in nutrition to variable levels, despite their serious downsides like an elevated upfront outlay, the possibility of accessing malfunctions due to one corrosiveness, as well as an adverse effect upon those the foodstuffs' organoleptic properties and maybe their nutritional significance. Greatest significantly, these cleansing methods eliminate all contaminants, including numerous (often beneficial) bacteria found naturally in food. A huge amount of scientific publication that discussed the application of virus bioremediation to treat a multitude of pathogenic bacteria in meals spanning between prepared raw food to fresh fruit and vegetables although since initial idea through using retroviruses on meals. Furthermore, the quantity of widely viable bacteriophage‐containing medicines licensed for use in health and safety purposes has continuously expanded. Bacteriophage bio‐control, a leafy and ordinary technique that employs lytic bacteriophages extracted from the atmosphere to selectively target pathogenic bacteria and remove meaningfully decrease their stages meals, is one potential remedy that solves some of these difficulties. It has been suggested that applying bacteriophages to food is a unique method for avoiding bacterial development in vegetables. Because of their selectivity, security, stability, and use, bacteriophages are desirable. Phages have been utilized in post‐harvest activities, either alone or in combination with antimicrobial drugs, since they are effective, strain‐specific, informal to split and manipulate. In this review to ensure food safety, it may be viable to use retroviruses as a spontaneous treatment in the thread pollution of fresh picked fruits and vegetables, dairy, and convenience foods.
Physicochemical and functional characterization of gelatin edible film incorporated with fucoidan isolated from Sargassum tenerrimum
Authors: Pouralkhas Mohsen , Kordjazi Moazemeh , Ojagh Seyed Mahdi , Farsani Omid Asadi
Published: May 2023

Biodegradable films were created with fish gelatin and fucoidan extracted from Sargassum tenerrimum using 30% glycerol as a plasticizer. The gelatin films were incorporated with fucoidan (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%), respectively. Results presented that the average thickness of films ranged from 0.12 to 0.147 mm. Tensile strength (TS) was decreased from 29.27 to 3.46 MPa by adding the fucoidan except for the gelatin/fucoidan 10% (5.35 MPa) sample. The results showed that the physical characteristics (the contact angle (Ɵ), water solubility, opacity, and moisture content) of the films significantly changed depending on different fucoidan concentrations. FTIR and SEM analysis confirmed the interaction of fucoidan with gelatin in the composite film. Furthermore, adding 10% fucoidan showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity (65%) than other treatments. Therefore, incorporation of fucoidan extracted from brown algae (Sargassum tenerrimum) with fish gelatin films improved thermal stability, anti‐oxidative, and antibacterial characteristics in addition to enhanced mechanical and protective properties, to be used as a bioactive edible film in the food packaging industry.
Consistent valuation of a reduction in mortality risk using values per life, life year, and quality‐adjusted life year
Authors: Hammitt James K.
Published: May 2023

The monetary value of a reduction in mortality risk can be accurately characterized using the alternative concepts of value per statistical life (VSL), value per statistical life year (VSLY), and value per quality‐adjusted life year (VQALY). Typically, each of these values depends on the age and other characteristics of the affected individual; at most one of the values can be independent of age. The common practice of valuing a transient or persistent risk reduction using a constant VSL, VSLY, or VQALY yields systematic differences in the calculated monetary value that depend on the age at which the risk reduction begins, its duration, time path, and whether future lives, life years, or quality‐adjusted life years are discounted. Mutually consistent, age‐dependent VSL, VSLY, and VQALY are derived and the large differences in valuation of illustrative transient and persistent risk reductions that can result from assuming age‐independent values of each of the three concepts are illustrated.
Comparison of medical resource consumption between oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with and without sarcopenia: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Wan‐Ming , Chang Chia‐Hao , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Chen Ming‐Chih , Shia Ben‐Chang , Wu Szu‐Yuan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

No study has compared long‐term medical resource consumption between patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with and without sarcopenia receiving curative surgery.

Patients and Methods

Generalized linear mixed and logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the number of postoperative visits and medical reimbursement for head and neck cancer or complications and the number of hospitalizations for treatment‐related complications over 5 years after curative surgery, respectively.

Results

The mean difference (95% CI) in total medical claims amounts between the nonsarcopenia and sarcopenia groups were new Taiwan dollars (NTD) 47 820 (35 864–59 776, p < 0.0001), 11 902 (4897–18 908, p = 0.0009), 17 282 (10 666–23 898, p < 0.0001), 17 364 (9644–25 084, p < 0.0001), and 8236 (111–16 362, p = 0.0470) for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth years, respectively.

Conclusion

The long‐term medical resource consumption was higher in the sarcopenia group than in the nonsarcopenia group.
Child refugee's social skills and resilience: Moderating effects of time in refugee camp, parental education, and preschool attendance
Authors: Kuru Nilufer , Ungar Michael , Akman Berrin
Published: May 2023

In this cross‐sectional study, we examine the relationship between social skills and resilience and the moderating effects of time spent in a refugee camp, parental education, and schooling on Syrian children who have been forcibly displaced to Turkey. Five hundred and twenty‐six preschool‐aged children (56.3% female, Mage = 5.79) were recruited to participate in this research. The Turkish version of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure‐Revised (CYRM‐R) and the Early Childhood Social Skills Measure (ECSSM) were used to assess refugee children's social skills and resilience, respectively. Results show that the children's social skills were positively related to resilience with length of time spent in a refugee camp, the parental education level, and preschool attendance moderating this association. These results highlight the role of social skills as a possible means of enhancing refugee children's resilience.
Field‐assisted electrocatalysts spark sulfur redox kinetics: From fundamentals to applications
Authors: Li Hongtai , Li Yanguang , Zhang Liang , Chen Zhongwei , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2023

The chief culprit impeding the commercialization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is the parasitic shuttle effect and restricted redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). To circumvent these key stumbling blocks, incorporating electrocatalysts with rational electronic structure modulation into sulfur cathode plays a decisive role in vitalizing the higher electrocatalytic activity to promote sulfur utilization efficiency. Breaking the stereotype of contemporary electrocatalyst design kept on pretreatment, field‐assisted electrocatalysts offer strategic advantages in dynamically controllable electrochemical reactions that might be thorny to regulate in conventional electrochemical processes. However, the highly interdisciplinary field‐assisted electrochemistry puzzles researchers for a fundamental understanding of the ambiguous correlations among electronic structure, surface adsorption properties, and catalytic performance. In this review, the mechanisms, functionality explorations, and advantages of field‐assisted electrocatalysts including electric, magnetic, light, thermal, and strain fields in Li–S batteries have been summarized. By demonstrating pioneering work for customized geometric configuration, energy band engineering, and optimal microenvironment arrangement in response to decreased activation energy and enriched reactant concentration for accelerated sulfur redox kinetics, cutting‐edge insights into the holistic periscope of charge‐spin‐orbital‐lattice interplay between LiPSs and electrocatalysts are scrutinized, which aspires to advance the comprehensive understanding of the complex electrochemistry of Li–S batteries. Finally, future perspectives are provided to inspire innovations capable of defeating existing restrictions.
Interaction mechanism and spatial effect of cross-regional haze pollution based on a multisectoral economy–energy–environment (3E) model and the evidence from China
Authors: Li Li , Deng Peng , Ding Xinting , Sun Junwei , Hong Xuefei
Published: May 2023

The transboundary characteristics and multisectoral factor interaction mechanism of haze pollution have aroused widespread attention but remain understudied. This article proposes a comprehensive conceptual model that clarifies regional haze pollution, further establishes a theoretical framework on a cross-regional, multisectoral economy–energy–environment (3E) system, and attempts to empirically investigate the spatial effect and interaction mechanism employing a spatial-econometrics model based on China's province-level regions. The results demonstrate that (1) regional haze pollution is a transboundary atmospheric state formed by the accumulation and agglomeration of various emission pollutants; moreover, there is a “snowball” effect and a spatial spillover effect. (2) The formation and evolution of haze pollution are driven by the multisectoral factors of 3E system interaction, and the findings still hold after theoretical and empirical analysis and robustness tests. (3) Significant spatial autocorrelation exists for the 3E factors, presenting different clustering modes with a dynamic spatiotemporal evolution, particularly in the high-high (H-H) mode and low-low (L-L) mode. (4) Significant heterogeneous impacts of economic and energy factors on haze pollution are identified, namely, an inverted “U-shaped” relationship and a positive linear association, respectively. Further spatial analysis demonstrates a strong spatial spillover and obvious path dependence among local and neighboring regions. Policymakers are advised to consider multisectoral 3E system interaction and cross-regional collaboration. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1525–1543. © 2023 SETAC
Design of College Students' physical health monitoring APP based on sports health big data
Authors: Zhang Xiaoni , Li Ran , Li Yunwei , Wang Yunsheng , Wu Feilong
Published: May 2023

At present, the living habits of college students are relatively poor, and the amount of exercise is reduced, leading to their physical fitness getting worse and worse. Therefore, people began to study the physical health monitoring of college students. Machine learning and high‐performance computing in medical applications provide technical support for intelligent medical technology. With the rapid development of computer network, human beings have entered the information and digital era, and sports health big data has become more and more popular. The combination of sports health big data and student physical health monitoring technology, in a sense, can realize automatic data processing through intelligent medical and sports health database and other information technologies, thus promoting the popularization of health monitoring technology. However, the current health monitoring equipment has many problems, such as complex collection, low accuracy and limited processing of health data. To solve this problem, this paper developed an Application (APP) based on sports health big data technology that can monitor multiple vital signs such as human heart rate and body temperature, and analyze the physical health of college students, so that college students can easily understand their health status in daily life, so as to promote the healthy development of students' physique and encourage them to actively participate in physical exercise. The experiment proved that, in the heart rate monitoring, when the speed is 6 km/h, the error rate of the college students' physical health monitoring APP designed in this paper is 8.15%. The average accuracy rate of student steps monitoring is 97.12%. This showed the accuracy and availability of the APP's monitoring function for human vital signs. It has certain application value and significance to help students improve their physical quality.
Why so slangry (sleepy and angry)? Shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency predict worse next‐day mood in adolescents
Authors: Master Lindsay , Nahmod Nicole G. , Mathew Gina Marie , Hale Lauren , Chang Anne‐Marie , Buxton Orfeu M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationships of actigraphic nighttime sleep duration and quality with next‐day mood among urban adolescents using a micro‐longitudinal design.

Methods

A subsample (N = 525) of participants from the Fragile Families & Child Wellbeing Study (mean age: 15.4 years; 53% female; 42% Black non‐Hispanic, 24% Hispanic/Latino, 19% White non‐Hispanic) in the United States between 2014 and 2016 concurrently wore a wrist actigraphic sleep monitor and rated their daily mood in electronic diaries for about 1 week. Multilevel models tested the within‐person temporal associations of nightly sleep duration and sleep maintenance efficiency with next‐day reports of happiness, anger, and loneliness. The models also tested the between‐person associations of sleep variables and mood. Models adjusted for sociodemographic and household characteristics, weekend, and school year.

Results

After nights when adolescents obtained longer sleep duration than their usual, they reported lower ratings of anger (B = –.03, p < .01) the next day. After nights when adolescents had higher sleep maintenance efficiency than their usual, they reported higher ratings of happiness (B = .02, p < .01) the next day. Adolescents who had longer average sleep duration reported lower ratings of anger (B = –.08, p < .01) and loneliness (B = –.08, p < .01) compared to others. There was no within‐person association of sleep duration or efficiency with loneliness. Sleep duration was not associated with happiness between adolescents, and sleep maintenance efficiency was not associated with any mood measure between adolescents.

Conclusions

Improvements to nightly sleep may help increase happiness and decrease anger the following day in adolescents. Promoting sleep health is recommended to improve mood.
Sarcopenia and health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Demonceau Céline , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Locquet Médéa , Cesari Matteo , Cruz Jentoft Alfonso J. , Bruyère Olivier
Published: May 2023

The decrease of physical abilities and functional decline that can be caused by musculoskeletal conditions such as sarcopenia, can lead to higher levels of dependency and disability. Therefore, it may influence patient reported outcome measures (PROM), such as the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between sarcopenia and HRQoL. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) were followed throughout the whole process of this work. A protocol was previously published on PROSPERO. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), EMB Review – ACP Journal Club, EBM Review ‐ Cochrane Central of Register of Controlled Trials and APA PsychInfo were searched until October 2022 for observational studies reporting a HRQoL assessment in both sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic individuals. Study selection and data extraction were carried out by two independent researchers. Meta‐analysis was performed using a random effect model, reporting an overall standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic individuals. Study quality was measured using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. The search strategy identified 3725 references from which 43 observational studies were eligible and included in this meta‐synthesis study. A significantly lower HRQoL was observed for sarcopenic individuals compared with non‐sarcopenic ones (SMD −0.76; 95% CI −0.95; −0.57). Significant heterogeneity was associated with the model (I2 = 93%, Q test P‐value <0.01). Subgroup analysis showed a higher effect size when using the specific questionnaire SarQoL compared with generic questionnaires (SMD −1.09; 95% CI −1.44; −0.74 with the SarQoL versus −0.49; 95% CI −0.63; −0.36 with generic tools; P‐value for interaction <0.01). A greater difference of HRQoL between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic was found for individuals residing in care homes compared with community‐dwelling individuals (P‐value for interaction <0.001). No differences were found between age groups, diagnostic techniques, and continents/regions. The level of evidence was rated as moderate using the GRADE assessment. This systematic review and meta‐analysis combining 43 observational studies shows that HRQoL is significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients. The use of disease‐specific HRQoL instruments may better discriminate sarcopenic patients with respect to their quality of life.
A call for safety: Anticipating and mitigating risk across an obstetrics and gynecology service line
Authors: Combs Adriann , Klein Victor R.
Published: May 2023

Delivery of healthcare is a complex interaction of patients, healthcare providers, nurses, ambulatory practices, and hospitals. As the model of health care transitioned, free standing physician practices and hospitals have coalesced to form networks of ambulatory practices and hospitals. This change in the model of healthcare delivery presented challenges to provide safe, quality, cost‐effective care for patients, with potentially increased risk to an organization. The development and imbedding of comprehensive safety strategies are imperative to the foundation of this model.

Northwell Health, a large health system in the northeastern United States developed a strategy for their Obstetrics and Gynecology Service Line which includes weekly interaction by departmental leadership from each hospital to discuss operations, share concerns and identify potential opportunities to prevent recurrent suboptimal outcomes and improve patient safety. The weekly Safety Call, described in this article is a component of the safety and quality program that has contributed to a 19% decrease in the Weighted Adverse Outcomes Index for the 10 maternity hospitals delivering over 30,000 babies annually within the system since inception. There was also a significant reduction in insurance premiums based on actuarial projections of risk reduction because of the implementation of an Obstetrical Safety Program.
Presymptomatic viral shedding in high‐risk mpox contacts: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Brosius Isabel , Van Dijck Christophe , Coppens Jasmine , Vandenhove Leen , Bangwen Eugene , Vanroye Fien , Verschueren Jacob ,   The ITM MPOX Study Group, Zange Sabine , Bugert Joachim , Michiels Johan , Bottieau Emmanuel , Soentjens Patrick , van Griensven Johan , Kenyon Chris , Ariën Kevin K. , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Vercauteren Koen , Liesenborghs Laurens
Published: May 2023

The risk of infection after exposure to clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV) is unknown, and potential presymptomatic shedding of MPXV remains to be demonstrated. High‐risk contacts of mpox patients were followed‐up in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individuals reporting sexual contact, >15 min skin‐to‐skin contact, or living in the same household with an mpox patient were recruited in a sexual health clinic in Antwerp, Belgium. Participants kept a symptom diary, performed daily self‐sampling (anorectal, genital, and saliva), and presented for weekly clinic visits for physical examination and sampling (blood and oropharyngeal). Samples were tested for MPXV by PCR. Between June 24 and July 31, 2022, 25 contacts were included, of which 12/18 (66.0%) sexual and 1/7 (14.0%) nonsexual contacts showed evidence of infection by MPXV‐PCR. Six cases had typical mpox symptoms. Viral DNA was detected as early as 4 days before symptom onset in 5 of them. In 3 of these cases, replication‐competent virus was demonstrated in the presymptomatic phase. These findings confirm the existence of presymptomatic shedding of replication‐competent MPXV and emphasize the high risk of transmission during sexual contact. Sexual contacts of mpox cases should abstain from sex during the incubation period, irrespective of symptoms.
Effects of dynamization timing and degree on bone healing of different fracture types
Authors: Fu Ruisen , Liu Yang , Song Fei , Fu Jizhi , Du Tianming , Liu Youjun , Willie Bettina M. , Yang Haisheng
Published: May 2023

Dynamization, that is, increasing interfragmentary movement (IFM) by reducing fixation stiffness from a rigid to a more flexible state, has been successfully used in clinical practice to promote fracture healing. However, it remains unclear how dynamization timing and degree affect bone healing of different fracture types. Finite element models of tibial fractures based on the OTA/AO classification (Simple: A1‐Spiral, A2‐Oblique, A3‐Transverse; Wedge: B2‐Spiral, B3‐Fragmented; Complex: C2‐Segment, C3‐Irregular), in combination with fuzzy logic‐based mechano‐regulatory tissue differentiation algorithms, were used to simulate the healing process when dynamization of varied degrees (dynamization coefficient or DC = 0‐0.9; 0.9 represents 90% reduction in the fixation stiffness relative to a rigid fixation) were applied at different time points after fracture. The fuzzy logic‐based algorithms have been validated with a preclinical animal model. The results showed that the healing responses of type A fractures were more sensitive to the changes in dynamization degree and timing comparing with type B or C fractures. Additionally, the optimal dynamization regime for each fracture type was different. For type A fractures, a moderate dynamization degree (e.g., DC = 0.5) applied after Week 1 promoted the recovery of biomechanical integrity. For type B and C fractures, the effective dynamization included a greater dynamization degree (DC = 0.7) applied after Week 2. Our results further demonstrated that the fracture morphology affected interfragmentary strain environments within the callus, leading to varied healing results for different fracture types. These results suggest that the effects of dynamization are highly dependent of the fracture types. Therefore, specific dynamization strategies should be chosen for different fracture types to achieve optimal healing outcomes.
Gelfand–Shilov smoothing effect of the spatially homogeneous Landau equation with moderately soft potential
Authors: Li Hao‐Guang , Xu Chao‐jiang
Published: May 2023

In this work, we study the nonlinear spatially homogeneous Landau equation with moderately soft potential in a close‐to‐equilibrium framework, we show that the solution to the Cauchy problem with
initial datum enjoys a Gelfand–Shilov regularizing effect, meaning that the solution of the Cauchy problem and its Fourier transformation are Gevery smoothness for any positive time.
Dynamic characteristics of a hyperbolic reaction–diffusion predator–prey system with self‐diffusion and nonidentical inertia
Authors: Marick Sounov , Ghorai Santu , Bairagi Nandadulal
Published: May 2023

Hyperbolic reaction–diffusion (HRD) systems have emerged as a better descriptor of the macroscopic spatial interaction models used for studying pattern formation in chemical and biological systems. In contrast to the parabolic reaction–diffusion (PRD) models, the spatial disturbances in an HRD system travel through space with finite velocity. This paper considers the simplest two‐species HRD model with different inertia based on the telegraph equation. The underlying reaction terms are considered as a predator–prey interaction with type III response function and prey refuge. We prescribe the analytical conditions for the existence of diffusion‐driven instabilities of the considered system. Simulation results further verify the theoretical results. A connection between the refuge parameter and inertial time is discussed in generating different spatiotemporal patterns. Extension of the two‐species PRD system to HRD system with diagonal diffusion matrix causes a diffusion‐driven wave instability, which is never possible for its parabolic counterpart. Furthermore, the patterns under pure wave instability are dependent on the initial population density.
Wideband subterahertz antenna based on the symmetrical path‐length lens for sidelobe level reduction
Authors: Xiong Qi , Ye Jia , Pan Wei , Yan Lian‐shan
Published: May 2023

This letter presents a high‐gain fully metallic antenna designed with a symmetrical path‐length lens for subterahertz applications over a wide frequency range. The symmetrical path‐length lens divides the E‐plane horn into two symmetrical halves, which can compensate for the phase difference generated by the E‐plane horn individually. Compared to the conventional asymmetrical path‐length lens, the numerical results show the sidelobe level (SLL) can be reduced from −11 to −15.7 dB with the symmetrical path‐length lens. Measured results show the proposed antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB from 110 to 170 GHz. In addition, the measured SLL is about −15 dB at 140 GHz. The measured results indicate that the symmetrical path‐length metallic lens is an effective way to improve the poor lobe suppression resulting from an asymmetrical path‐length lens.
Are clinical outcomes associated with baseline sensory profiles in people with musculoskeletal shoulder pain? Protocol for a prospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Hollis Danielle , Mendis M. Dilani , Ng Shu‐Kay , Thomas Michael , Marks Darryn , Lewis Jeremy , Hides Julie , Bisset Leanne
Published: May 2023

Background

Musculoskeletal shoulder pain is a common problem and its symptoms often become persistent. The experience of pain is multidimensional, and therefore, a range of patient characteristics may influence treatment response. An altered sensory processing has been associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain states and may contribute to outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal shoulder pain. The presence and potential impact of altered sensory processing in this patient cohort is not currently known. The aim of this prospective longitudinal cohort study is to investigate if baseline sensory characteristics are associated with clinical outcomes in patients presenting to a tertiary hospital with persistent musculoskeletal shoulder pain. If found, a relationship between sensory characteristics and outcome may lead to the creation of more effective treatment strategies and improvements in risk adjustment and prognosis.

Methods

This is a single‐centre prospective cohort study with 6‐, 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up. A total of 120 participants aged ≥18 years with persistent musculoskeletal shoulder pain (≥3 months) will be recruited from an Australian public tertiary hospital orthopaedic department. Baseline assessments, including quantitative sensory tests and a standardised physical examination, will be performed. In addition, information will be obtained from patient interviews, self‐report questionnaires and medical records. Follow‐up outcome measures will comprise information from the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and a six‐point Global Rating of Change scale.

Analysis

Descriptive statistics will be used to report baseline characteristics and outcome measures over time. Change in outcome measures at the primary endpoint of six months from baseline will be calculated using paired t‐tests. Associations between baseline characteristics and outcomes at a 6‐month follow‐up will be reported using multivariable linear and logistic regression models.

Discussion

Understanding the relationship between sensory profile and the variable response to treatment in people with persistent musculoskeletal shoulder pain may enhance our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the presentation. In addition, through better understanding of the contributing factors, the results of this study may contribute to the development of an individualised, patient‐centred approach to treatment for people with this highly prevalent and debilitating condition.
The conformational behavior and structure of monosubstituted 1,3,5‐trisilacyclohexanes—Part III: 1‐Methyl‐1,3,5‐trisilacyclohexane
Authors: Kuzmina Liubov E. , Shlykov Sergey A. , Arnason Ingvar , Jonsdottir Nanna R.
Published: May 2023

1‐Methyl‐1,3,5‐trisilacyclohexane was synthesized and its structure and conformational properties have been determined by gas‐phase electron diffraction (GED) and quantum chemical (QC) calculations. The molecule may exist in two forms differing from each other by the substituent's position. QC results show that the equatorial conformer is predicted to be slightly more stable than the axial conformer; note that one method (M06‐2X) with basis set 6‐311G** shows an equal amount of Ax and Eq conformers: ratio (Ax/Eq) = (30–50):(70–50)% (depending on the method and basis set). From the GED data, the molar fractions of the conformers were found to be Ax:Eq = 54(10):46(10) at 280(5) K. A temperature‐dependent Raman experiment resulted in an Ax:Eq ratio of 58(4):42(4). Conformational properties are compared in series of analogous 1‐X‐1‐(hetero)cyclohexanes.
Effects of Particle Size, Charge, Shape, Animal Disease State, and Sex on the Biodistribution of Intravenously Administered Nanoparticles
Authors: Ledford Benjamin T. , Wyatt Thomas G. , Vang Johnny , Weiss Jenna , Tsihlis Nick D. , Kibbe Melina R.
Published: May 2023

The relationship between nanoparticle size, charge, shape, and in vivo biodistribution is of great importance for the rational design and selection of intravenously administered nanoparticles. A resource that aids in the selection and design of nanomaterials for this purpose would be a valuable tool. Previous literature reviews have examined narrow categories of nanomaterials or have not statistically analyzed a broad range of nanomaterial literature. Here, data regarding the biodistribution of intravenously administered synthetic and organic nanomaterials in animal models from literature available in PubMed is collected. This work outlines the effect of nanoparticle size, charge, shape, animal sex, and animal disease status on biodistribution of intravenously administered nanomaterials. Particle size and charge are found to significantly and independently influence biodistribution to several organs. Finally, animal sex and disease state are observed to function as effect modifiers for biodistribution.
Exercise effects on motor function, manual dexterity, and brain oscillatory activity in individuals with Parkinson's disease: Randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Menacho Maryela de Oliveira , Pacheco‐Barrios Kevin , Mendes Augusto J. , Sato Tatiana de Oliveira , Fregni Felipe , Gianlorenço Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
Published: May 2023

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Exercise protocols are promising interventions to improve PD symptoms, however, the best modality and its neural correlates are still unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of the aerobic, strength and task‐oriented upper‐limb exercises in motor function, manual dexterity, and brain oscillations of individuals with PD.

Method

In this clinical trial, 44 PD patients aged 40–80 years will be randomized in four groups: aerobic training (AT), strength training (ST), task‐oriented training (TOT), and waiting list group (CG). The AT group will perform 30 min of a cycle ergometer on 50%–70% of the reserve heart rate. The ST group will use equipment for upper limb muscles and will perform two series of 8–12 repetitions for each exercise, and intensity between 50% and 70% of one maximum repetition will be used. The TOT group will perform a program consisting of three activities to enhance reaching, grasping, and manipulation. All the groups will perform three sessions per week for 8 weeks. We will use the UPDRS Motor function section, Nine‐Hole Peg Test, and quantitative electroencephalography to measure motor function, manual dexterity, and brain oscillations, respectively. ANOVA and regression models will be used to compare outcomes within and between groups.
Factors and strategies influencing implementation of an intravenous iron intervention for antenatal anaemia: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Verbunt Ebony , Akter Shahinoor , Manda‐Taylor Lucinda , Sarker Bidhan , Ataide Ricardo , Davidson Eliza , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn , Prang Khic‐Houy
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Anaemia during pregnancy is a significant global health problem, disproportionately affecting women in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Oral iron is the standard of care; however, challenges exist regarding adherence and coverage. Increasingly, evidence demonstrates the superiority of intravenous (IV) iron over oral iron. Although clinical experience on IV iron for antenatal anaemia is growing, there remains little understanding regarding implementation. Our mixed‐method systematic review aims to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing an IV iron intervention for pregnant women with anaemia and implementation strategies.

Methods

Five bibliographic databases and grey literature were searched for studies. Barriers and facilitators were identified and mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and then matched to Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) strategies using the CFIR‐ERIC matching tool.

Results

The search identified six studies. Most studies captured the perspective of healthcare providers, with some studies capturing the perspective of pregnant women. Barriers and facilitators were mapped to the following CFIR constructs: (1) intervention characteristics—cost, complexity, evidence strength and quality, and relative advantage; (2) outer setting—patient needs and resources; (3) inner setting—culture, available resources and access to knowledge and information; (4) characteristics of individuals—knowledge and beliefs about the intervention; (5) process—champions. Matching ERIC strategies included identifying and preparing champions, conducting educational meetings and assessing for readiness and identifying barriers and facilitators.

Conclusion

Once tailored to each context, our findings can be used to improve the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of an IV iron programme for pregnant women with anaemia.
Autonomous detection and loading of ore piles with load–haul–dump machines in Room & Pillar mines
Authors: Cardenas Daniel , Loncomilla Patricio , Inostroza Felipe , Parra‐Tsunekawa Isao , Ruiz‐del‐Solar Javier
Published: May 2023

Automation of machines in underground mines is a topic with increasing interest, both for research and industrial applications. Autonomous load–haul–dump (LHD) machines need to load material successfully before dumping it into a crusher or an ore pass. The autonomous loading method must be robust to enable reliable operation of the LHD during long periods of time. In this work, a method to perform autonomous loading in Room & Pillar mines is presented. It is based on detecting all ore piles in real‐time, and then computing attack poses in each pile. Then, a positioning process is performed to get the machine in front of the selected ore pile, and an excavation algorithm is executed for loading until the bucket is filled. The proposed method is able to detect multiple ore piles, with different slopes and sizes, and to consider different possible trajectories for attacking and loading the most feasible pile. The method was tested in the Werra Potash Mine, under real operational conditions. The results show that the method can load about 80% of the material that an experienced operator can load. Also, the success rate of the autonomous loading process is very high, being able to load enough material in all trials, and performing successfully the full procedure in 88% of the cases. Thus, the proposed autonomous loading method is a suitable alternative to be used in Room & Pillar mines.
High‐Dispersive Pd Nanoparticles on Hierarchical N‐Doped Carbon Nanocages to Boost Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate at Low Potential
Authors: Zhang Junru , Chen Yiqun , Xu Fengfei , Zhang Yan , Tian Jingyi , Guo Yue , Chen Guanghai , Wang Xizhang , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Hu Zheng
Published: May 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to value‐added chemicals/fuels is an effective strategy to achieve the carbon neutral. Palladium is the only metal to selectively produce formate via CO2RR at near‐zero potentials. To reduce cost and improve activity, the high‐dispersive Pd nanoparticles on hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanocages (Pd/hNCNCs) are constructed by regulating pH in microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction. The optimal catalyst exhibits high formate Faradaic efficiency of >95% within −0.05–0.30 V and delivers an ultrahigh formate partial current density of 10.3 mA cm−2 at the low potential of −0.25 V. The high performance of Pd/hNCNCs is attributed to the small size of uniform Pd nanoparticles, the optimized intermediates adsorption/desorption on modified Pd by N‐doped support, and the promoted mass/charge transfer kinetics arising from the hierarchical structure of hNCNCs. This study sheds light on the rational design of high‐efficient electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion.
Triggering High Capacity and Superior Reversibility of Manganese Oxides Cathode via Magnesium Modulation for Zn//MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Xia Jiajia , Zhou Yurong , Zhang Jian , Lu Tianyu , Gong Wenbin , Zhang Dengsong , Wang Xiaona , Di Jiangtao
Published: May 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years because of its high volumetric energy density, the abundance of zinc resources, and safety. However, ZIBs still suffer from poor reversibility and sluggish kinetics derived from the unstable cathodic structure and the strong electrostatic interactions between bivalent Zn2+ and cathodes. Herein, magnesium doping into layered manganese dioxide (Mg–MnO2) via a simple hydrothermal method as cathode materials for ZIBs is proposed. The interconnected nanoflakes of Mg–MnO2 possess a larger specific surface area compared to pristine δ‐MnO2, providing more electroactive sites and boosting the capacity of batteries. The ion diffusion coefficients of Mg–MnO2 can be enhanced due to the improved electrical conductivity by doped cations and oxygen vacancies in MnO2 lattices. The assembled Zn//Mg–MnO2 battery delivers a high specific capacity of 370 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.6 A g−1. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism confirms that Zn2+ insertion occurred after a few cycles of activation reactions. Most important, the reversible redox reaction between Zn2+ and MnOOH is found after several charge–discharge processes, promoting capacity and stability. It believes that this systematic research enlightens the design of high‐performance of ZIBs and facilitates the practical application of Zn//MnO2 batteries.
Genetic control of grain amino acid composition in a UK soft wheat mapping population
Authors: Oddy Joseph , Chhetry Monika , Awal Rajani , Addy John , Wilkinson Mark , Smith Dan , King Robert , Hall Chris , Testa Rebecca , Murray Eve , Raffan Sarah , Curtis Tanya Y. , Wingen Luzie , Griffiths Simon , Berry Simon , Elmore J. Stephen , Cryer Nicholas , Moreira de Almeida Isabel , Halford Nigel G.
Published: May 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major source of nutrients for populations across the globe, but the amino acid composition of wheat grain does not provide optimal nutrition. The nutritional value of wheat grain is limited by low concentrations of lysine (the most limiting essential amino acid) and high concentrations of free asparagine (precursor to the processing contaminant acrylamide). There are currently few available solutions for asparagine reduction and lysine biofortification through breeding. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture controlling grain free amino acid composition and its relationship to other traits in a Robigus × Claire doubled haploid population. Multivariate analysis of amino acids and other traits showed that the two groups are largely independent of one another, with the largest effect on amino acids being from the environment. Linkage analysis of the population allowed identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling free amino acids and other traits, and this was compared against genomic prediction methods. Following identification of a QTL controlling free lysine content, wheat pangenome resources facilitated analysis of candidate genes in this region of the genome. These findings can be used to select appropriate strategies for lysine biofortification and free asparagine reduction in wheat breeding programs.
Ustekinumab improves health‐related quality of life in patients with moderate‐to‐severe Crohn's disease: Results up to Week 104 of the STARDUST trial
Authors: Panés Julian , Vermeire Séverine , D'Haens Geert R. , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando , Nazar Maciej , Le Bars Manuela , Lahaye Marjolein , Ni Lioudmila , Bravatà Ivana , Gaya Daniel R. , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Dignass Axel ,   the STARDUST study group
Published: May 2023

Background

STARDUST is a phase 3b randomized controlled trial comparing two ustekinumab treatment strategies in patients with Crohn's disease (CD): treat‐to‐target (T2T) versus standard of care (SoC).

Objective

We investigated the effect of a T2T or SoC ustekinumab treatment strategy on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) over a 2‐year follow‐up period.

Methods

At Week 16, adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe active CD were randomized 1:1 to either T2T or SoC treatment groups. We assessed changes from baseline in HRQoL measures (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [IBDQ], EuroQoL 5‐dimension 5‐level [visual analogue scale and index], Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety and ‐Depression) and the WPAI questionnaire in two patient populations: randomized analysis set (RAS, patients randomized to either T2T or SoC at Week 16 and completed Week 48) and modified RAS (mRAS, patients who entered the long‐term extension [LTE] period at Week 48).

Results

At Week 16, 440 patients were randomized to T2T (n = 219) or SoC (n = 221) arms; 366 patients completed Week 48. Of these, 323 patients entered the LTE and 258 patients completed 104 weeks of treatment. In the RAS population, percentages of patients achieving IBDQ response and remission were not significantly different between treatment arms at Weeks 16 and 48. In the overall mRAS population, IBDQ response and remission increased over time from Weeks 16–104. In both populations, improvements from baseline in all HRQoL measurements were observed at Week 16 and maintained until either Week 48 or Week 104, respectively. In both populations, improvements from baseline in T2T and SoC arms at Weeks 16, 48 or 104 in WPAI domains were observed.

Conclusion

Independent of treatment strategy (T2T or SoC), ustekinumab was effective in improving HRQoL measurements and WPAI over a period of 2 years.
Noncovalent PEGylation of protein and peptide therapeutics
Authors: Andrianov Alexander K.
Published: May 2023

Clinical applications of protein therapeutics—an advanced generation of drugs characterized by high biological specificity—are rapidly expanding. However, their development is often impeded by unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and largely relies on the use of drug delivery systems to prolong their in vivo half‐life and suppress undesirable immunogenicity. Although a commercially established PEGylation technology based on protein conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)—protective steric shield resolves some of the challenges, the search for alternatives continues. Noncovalent PEGylation, which mainly relies on multivalent (cooperative) interactions and high affinity (host–guest) complexes formed between protein and PEG offers a number of potential advantages. Among them are dynamic or reversible protection of the protein with minimal loss of biological activity, drastically lower manufacturing costs, “mix‐and‐match” formulations approaches, and expanded scope of PEGylation targets. While a great number of innovative chemical approaches have been proposed in recent years, the ability to effectively control the stability of noncovalently assembled protein–PEG complexes under physiological conditions presents a serious challenge for the commercial development of the technology. In an attempt to identify critical factors affecting pharmacological behavior of noncovalently linked complexes, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis of various experimental techniques and resulting supramolecular architectures. The importance of in vivo administration routes, degradation patterns of PEGylating agents, and a multitude of potential exchange reactions with constituents of physiological compartments are highlighted.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Correction to: Diseases of the Pancreas
Authors: Helmberger Thomas K. , Manfredi Riccardo
Published: May 2023

The original version of this chapter was published with German letters in Table 9.3 which has been removed now, and we have retained the value “0.9/100.000” in the “Incidence” row.
Worum handelt es sich bei Tianxia?
Authors: Zhao Tingyang
Published: May 2023

Tianxia ist nicht nur ein Konzept. Es empfiehlt sich zugleich als Methodologie zur Analyse von Weltpolitik. Salvatore Babones widmet sich in seinem Werk American Tianxia der gegenwärtigen Weltpolitik mithilfe des Tianxia, indem er die Auffassung vertritt, dass die zukünftige Welt ein Tianxia-System sein muss. Aber für ihn besteht Konkurrenz zwischen einem „US-amerikanischen“ und einem „chinesischen“ Modell des Tianxia, wobei das US-amerikanische dem chinesischen überlegen sein sollte. In diesem Aufsatz wird auf die von Babones aufgeworfenen Fragen eingegangen und es werden die Wesensmerkmale des Tianxia analysiert. Die grundlegenden Prinzipien des Tianxia bestehen in einer Ontologie der Koexistenz und einer relationalen Rationalität. Nimmt man die technologischen Voraussetzungen einer künftigen Welt ins Visier, so entsprechen ausschließlich die relationale Rationalität und das Modell der Koexistenzialität der Zukunftstechnologie, die auf der Vernetzung alles Seiendem basiert.