bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Task Learning and Temporal-Fusion-Transformer-Based Forecasting of Building Power Consumption
Authors: Ji Wenxian , Cao Zeyu , Li Xiaorun
Published: November 2023

Improving the accuracy of the forecasting of building power consumption is helpful in reducing commercial expenses and carbon emissions. However, challenges such as the shortage of training data and the absence of efficient models are the main obstacles in this field. To address these issues, this work introduces a model named MTLTFT, combining multi-task learning (MTL) with the temporal fusion transformer (TFT). The MTL approach is utilized to maximize the effectiveness of the limited data by introducing multiple related forecasting tasks. This method enhances the learning process by enabling the model to learn shared representations across different tasks, although the physical number of data remains unchanged. The TFT component, which is optimized for feature learning, is integrated to further improve the model’s performance. Based on a dataset from a large exposition building in Hangzhou, we conducted several forecasting experiments. The results demonstrate that MTLTFT outperforms most baseline methods (such as LSTM, GRU, N-HiTS) in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), suggesting that MTLTFT is a promising approach for the forecasting of building power consumption and other similar tasks.
Prex-Net: Progressive Exploration Network Using Efficient Channel Fusion for Light Field Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Dong-Myung , Yoon Young-Suk , Ban Yuseok , Suh Jae-Won
Published: November 2023

Light field (LF) reconstruction is a technique for synthesizing views between LF images and various methods have been proposed to obtain high-quality LF reconstructed images. In this paper, we propose a progressive exploration network using efficient channel fusion for light field reconstruction (Prex-Net), which consists of three parts to quickly produce high-quality synthesized LF images. The initial feature extraction module uses 3D convolution to obtain deep correlations between multiple LF input images. In the channel fusion module, the extracted initial feature map passes through successive up- and down-fusion blocks and continuously searches for features required for LF reconstruction. The fusion block collects the pixels of channels by pixel shuffle and applies convolution to the collected pixels to fuse the information existing between channels. Finally, the LF restoration module synthesizes LF images with high angular resolution through simple convolution using the concatenated outputs of down-fusion blocks. The proposed Prex-Net synthesizes views between LF images faster than existing LF restoration methods and shows good results in the PSNR performance of the synthesized image.
The Generalization of Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge DC/DC Converter Modulation Schemes: State-of-the-Art Analysis under Triple Phase Shift Control
Authors: Harrye Yasen , Abdalla Ahmed , Mahasneh Hassan A.
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of currently used modulation control schemes for single-phase bidirectional dual active bridge DC/DC converters. In this article, it will be shown that single phase shift, extended phase shift and dual phase shift modulation schemes are special cases of the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation scheme. The article aims to highlight six TPS switching modes and their complements with operational constraints. Unlike previous studies that regarded TPS as a complex scheme, this paper simplifies the analysis of each mode and aims to standardize the understanding of TPS modulation for dual active bridge (DAB) converters. Power equations, range of power transferred and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) are derived for all the modes under TPS without assuming fundamental component analysis. Additionally, a generic optimization algorithm is developed to show the advantages of TPS modulation, and thus, the analysis in this paper offers a valuable insight for single-phase DAB converter designers in identifying a wide range of optimization algorithms to achieve higher efficiency under TPS modulation. This analysis contributes to the advancement of bidirectional DAB converter technology and facilitates its application in various power electronic systems.
Combining Multisource Data and Machine Learning Approaches for Multiscale Estimation of Forest Biomass
Authors: Hong Yifeng , Xu Jiaming , Wu Chunyan , Pang Yong , Zhang Shougong , Chen Dongsheng , Yang Bo
Published: November 2023

Forest biomass is an important indicator of forest ecosystem productivity, and it plays vital roles in the global carbon cycling, global climate change mitigating, and ecosystem researches. Multiscale, rapid, and accurate extraction of forest biomass information is always a research topic. In this study, comprehensive investigation of a larch (Larix olgensis) plantation was performed using remote sensing and field-based monitoring methods, in combination with LiDAR-based multisource data and machine learning methods. On this basis, a universal, multiscale (single tree, stand, management unit, and region), and unit-high-precision continuous monitoring method was proposed for forest biomass components. The results revealed the following. (1) Airborne LiDAR point cloud variables exhibited significant correlation with the aboveground components (except leaves) and the whole-plant biomass (Radj2 > 0.91), suitable for extraction or estimation of forest parameters such as biomass and stock volume. (2) In terms of biomass monitoring at forest stand and management unit scale, a random forest model performed well in fitting accuracy and generalization ability, whereas a multiple linear regression model produced clearer explanation regarding the biomass of each forest component. (3) Using seasonal phenological characteristics in the study area, larch distribution information was extracted effectively. The overall accuracy reached 90.0%, and the kappa coefficient reached 0.88. (4) A regional-scale forest biomass component estimation model was constructed using a long short-term memory model, which effectively reduced the probability of biomass underestimation while ensuring good estimation accuracy, with R2 exceeding 0.6 for the biomass of the aboveground and whole-plant components. This research provides theoretical support for rapid and accurate acquisition of large-scale forest biomass information.
Ectopic Expression of MADS-Box Transcription Factor VvAGL12 from Grape Promotes Early Flowering, Plant Growth, and Production by Regulating Cell-Wall Architecture in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mao Tingting , Wang Xueting , Gao Hongsheng , Gong Zijian , Liu Ruichao , Jiang Ning , Zhang Yaru , Zhang Hongxia , Guo Xiaotong , Yu Chunyan
Published: November 2023

The MADS-box family, a substantial group of plant transcription factors, crucially regulates plant growth and development. Although the functions of AGL12-like subgroups have been elucidated in Arabidopsis, rice, and walnut, their roles in grapes remain unexplored. In this study, we isolated VvAGL12, a member of the grape MADS-box group, and investigated its impact on plant growth and biomass production. VvAGL12 was found to localize in the nucleus and exhibit expression in both vegetative and reproductive organs. We introduced VvAGL12 into Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 and an agl12 mutant. The resulting phenotypes in the agl12 mutant, complementary line, and overexpressed line underscored VvAGL12’s ability to promote early flowering, augment plant growth, and enhance production. This was evident from the improved fresh weight, root length, plant height, and seed production, as well as the reduced flowering time. Subsequent transcriptome analysis revealed significant alterations in the expression of genes associated with cell-wall modification and flowering in the transgenic plants. In summary, the findings highlight VvAGL12′s pivotal role in the regulation of flowering timing, overall plant growth, and development. This study offers valuable insights, serving as a reference for understanding the influence of the VvAGL12 gene in other plant species and addressing yield-related challenges.
SNP Array Screening and Long Range PCR-Based Targeted Next Generation Sequencing for Autosomal Recessive Disease with Consanguinity: Insight from a Case of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C
Authors: Nomura Fumie , Shimizu Akira , Togi Sumihito , Ura Hiroki , Niida Yo
Published: November 2023

Advances in genetic technologies have made genetic testing more accessible than ever before. However, depending on national, regional, legal, and health insurance circumstances, testing procedures may still need to be streamlined in real-world clinical practice. In cases of autosomal recessive disease with consanguinity, the mutation locus is necessarily isodisomy because both alleles originate from a common ancestral chromosome. Based on this premise, we implemented integrated genetic diagnostic methods using SNP array screening and long range PCR-based targeted NGS in a Japanese patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) under the limitation of the national health insurance system. SNP array results showed isodisomy only in XPC and ERCC4 loci. NGS, with a minimal set of long-range PCR primers, detected a homozygous frameshift mutation in XPC; NM_004628.5:c.218_219insT p.(Lys73AsnfsTer9), confirmed by Sanger sequencing, leading to a rapid diagnosis of XP group C. This shortcut strategy is applicable to all autosomal recessive diseases caused by consanguineous marriages, especially in scenarios with a moderate number of genes to test, a common occurrence in clinical genetic practice.
Development of High-Yielding Upland Cotton Genotypes with Reduced Regrowth after Defoliation Using a Combination of Molecular and Conventional Approaches
Authors: Naveed Salman , Toyinbo Johnson , Ingole Hrishikesh , Valavanur Shekar Prasanna , Jones Michael , Campbell B. Todd , Rustgi Sachin
Published: November 2023

Cotton is an economically important crop. However, the yield gain in cotton has stagnated over the years, probably due to its narrow genetic base. The introgression of beneficial variations through conventional and molecular approaches has helped broaden its genetic base to some extent. The growth habit of cotton is one of the crucial factors that determine crop maturation time, yield, and management. This study used 44 diverse upland cotton genotypes to develop high-yielding cotton germplasm with reduced regrowth after defoliation and early maturity by altering its growth habit from perennial to somewhat annual. We selected eight top-scoring genotypes based on the gene expression analysis of five floral induction and meristem identity genes (FT, SOC1, LFY, FUL, and AP1) and used them to make a total of 587 genetic crosses in 30 different combinations of these genotypes. High-performance progeny lines were selected based on the phenotypic data on plant height, flower and boll numbers per plant, boll opening date, floral clustering, and regrowth after defoliation as surrogates of annual growth habit, collected over four years (2019 to 2022). Of the selected lines, 8×5-B3, 8×5-B4, 9×5-C1, 8×9-E2, 8×9-E3, and 39×5-H1 showed early maturity, and 20×37-K1, 20×37-K2, and 20×37-D1 showed clustered flowering, reduced regrowth, high quality of fiber, and high lint yield. In 2022, 15 advanced lines (F8/F7) from seven cross combinations were selected and sent for an increase to a Costa Rica winter nursery to be used in advanced testing and for release as germplasm lines. In addition to these breeding lines, we developed molecular resources to breed for reduced regrowth after defoliation and improved yield by converting eight expression-trait-associated SNP markers we identified earlier into a user-friendly allele-specific PCR-based assay and tested them on eight parental genotypes and an F2 population.
First Gallium and Indium Crystal Structures of Curcuminoid Homoleptic Complexes: All-Different Ligand Stereochemistry and Cytotoxic Potential
Authors: Meza-Morales William , Alvarez-Ricardo Yair , Pérez-González Leidys L. , Tavera-Hernández Rosario , Ramírez-Apan María Teresa , Toscano Rubén A. , Sánchez-Obregón Rubén , Obregón-Mendoza Marco A. , Enríquez Raúl G.
Published: November 2023

The crystal structure determination of metal complexes of curcuminoids is a relevant topic to assess their unequivocal molecular structure. We report herein the first two X-ray crystal structures of homoleptic metal complexes of a curcuminoid, namely Dimethoxycurcumin (DiMeOC), with gallium and indium. Such successful achievement can be attributed to the suppression of interactions from the phenolic groups, which favor an appropriate molecular setup, rendering Dimethoxycurcumin gallium ((DiMeOC)2-Ga) and Dimethoxycurcumin indium ((DiMeOC)3-In) crystals. Surprisingly, the conformation of ligands in the crystal structures shows differences in each metal complex. Thus, the ligands in the (DiMeOC)2-Ga complex show two different conformers in the two molecules of the asymmetric unit. However, the ligands in the (DiMeOC)3-In complex exhibit three different conformations within the same molecule of the asymmetric unit, constituting the first such case described for an ML3 complex. The cytotoxic activity of the (DiMeOC)2-Ga complex is 4-fold higher than cisplatin against the K562 cell line and has comparable activity towards U251 and PC-3 cell lines. Interestingly, this complex exhibit three times lesser toxicity than cisplatin and even slightly lesser cytotoxicity than curcumin itself.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ding Shuai , Liu Jinfeng , Han Xin , Tang Mengfan
Published: November 2023

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, an RNA-based adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea, has catalyzed the development and application of a new generation of gene editing tools. Numerous studies have shown that this system can precisely target a wide range of human genes, including those associated with diseases such as cancer. In cancer research, the intricate genetic mutations in tumors have promoted extensive utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system due to its efficient and accurate gene editing capabilities. This includes improvements in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy, the establishment of tumor models, and gene and drug target screening. Such progress has propelled the investigation of cancer molecular mechanisms and the advancement of precision medicine. However, the therapeutic potential of genome editing remains underexplored, and lingering challenges could elevate the risk of additional genetic mutations. Here, we elucidate the fundamental principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and its practical applications in tumor research. We also briefly discuss the primary challenges faced by CRISPR technology and existing solutions, intending to enhance the efficacy of this gene editing therapy and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of tumors.
Assaying ADAMTS13 Activity as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome in Mice
Authors: Saeki Masakazu , Munesue Seiichi , Higashi Yuri , Harashima Ai , Takei Ryohei , Takada Satoshi , Nakanuma Shinichi , Ohta Tetsuo , Yagi Shintaro , Tajima Hidehiro , Yamamoto Yasuhiko
Published: November 2023

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a serious liver disorder that occurs after liver transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the administration of anticancer drugs. Since SOS is a life-threatening condition that can progress to liver failure, early detection and prompt treatment are required for the survival of patients with this condition. In this study, female CD1 mice were divided into treatment and control groups after the induction of an SOS model using monocrotaline (MCT, 270 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally). The mice were analyzed at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h after MCT administration, and blood and liver samples were collected for assays and histopathology tests. SOS was observed in the livers 12 h after MCT injection. In addition, immunohistochemical findings demonstrated CD42b-positive platelet aggregations, positive signals for von Willebrand factor (VWF), and a disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) in the MCT-exposed liver sinusoid. Although ADAMTS13’s plasma concentrations peaked at 12 h, its enzyme activity continuously decreased by 75% at 48 h and, inversely and proportionally, concentrations in the VWF-A2 domain, in which the cleavage site of ADAMTS13 is located, increased after MCT injection. These findings suggest that the plasma concentration and activity of ADAMTS13 could be useful biomarkers for early detection and therapeutic intervention in patients with SOS.
Oxygen Vacancies and Surface Wettability: Key Factors in Activating and Enhancing the Solar Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Tetrapods
Authors: Orudzhev Farid , Muslimov Arsen , Selimov Daud , Gulakhmedov Rashid R. , Lavrikov Alexander , Kanevsky Vladimir , Gasimov Rashid , Krasnova Valeriya , Sobola Dinara
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on the high photocatalytic activity of ZnO tetrapods (ZnO-Ts) using visible/solar light and hydrodynamic water flow. It was shown that surface oxygen defects are a key factor in the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-Ts. The ability to control the surface wettability of the ZnO-Ts and the associated concentration of surface defects was demonstrated. It was demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity during the MB decomposition process under direct and simulated sunlight is essentially identical. This presents excellent prospects for utilizing the material in solar photocatalysis.
Terpenes in Cannabis sativa Inhibit Capsaicin Responses in Rat DRG Neurons via Na+/K+ ATPase Activation
Authors: Anand Uma , Anand Praveen , Sodergren Mikael Hans
Published: November 2023

Terpenes in Cannabis sativa exert analgesic effects, but the mechanisms are uncertain. We examined the effects of 10 terpenes on capsaicin responses in an established model of neuronal hypersensitivity. Adult rat DRG neurons cultured with neurotrophic factors NGF and GDNF were loaded with Fura2AM for calcium imaging, and treated with individual terpenes or vehicle for 5 min, followed by 1 µMol capsaicin. In vehicle treated control experiments, capsaicin elicited immediate and sustained calcium influx. Most neurons treated with terpenes responded to capsaicin after 6–8 min. Few neurons showed immediate capsaicin responses that were transient or normal. The delayed responses were found to be due to calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum, as they were maintained in calcium/magnesium free media, but not after thapsigargin pre-treatment. Terpene inhibition of calcium influx was reversed after washout of medium, in the absence of terpenes, and in the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain, but not CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists. Thus, terpenes inhibit capsaicin evoked calcium influx by Na+/K+ ATPase activation. Immunofluorescence showed TRPV1 co-expression with α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase in most neurons while others were either TRPV1 or α1β1 Na+/K+ ATPase positive.
Tff3 Deficiency Differentially Affects the Morphology of Male and Female Intestines in a Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mouse Model
Authors: Šešelja Kate , Bazina Iva , Vrecl Milka , Farger Jessica , Schicht Martin , Paulsen Friedrich , Baus Lončar Mirela , Pirman Tatjana
Published: November 2023

Trefoil factor family protein 3 (Tff3) protects the gastrointestinal mucosa and has a complex mode of action in different tissues. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Tff3 deficiency on intestinal tissues in a long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed model. A novel congenic strain without additional metabolically relevant mutations (Tff3-/-/C57Bl6NCrl strain, male and female) was used. Wild type (Wt) and Tff3-deficient mice of both sexes were fed a HFD for 36 weeks. Long-term feeding of a HFD induces different effects on the intestinal structure of Tff3-deficient male and female mice. For the first time, we found sex-specific differences in duodenal morphology. HFD feeding reduced microvilli height in Tff3-deficient females compared to that in Wt females, suggesting a possible effect on microvillar actin filament dynamics. These changes could not be attributed to genes involved in ER and oxidative stress, apoptosis, or inflammation. Tff3-deficient males exhibited a reduced cecal crypt depth compared to that of Wt males, but this was not the case in females. Microbiome-related short-chain fatty acid content was not affected by Tff3 deficiency in HFD-fed male or female mice. Sex-related differences due to Tff3 deficiency imply the need to consider both sexes in future studies on the role of Tff in intestinal function.
PROTAC-Based Protein Degradation as a Promising Strategy for Targeted Therapy in Sarcomas
Authors: Mancarella Caterina , Morrione Andrea , Scotlandi Katia
Published: November 2023

Sarcomas are heterogeneous bone and soft tissue cancers representing the second most common tumor type in children and adolescents. Histology and genetic profiling discovered more than 100 subtypes, which are characterized by peculiar molecular vulnerabilities. However, limited therapeutic options exist beyond standard therapy and clinical benefits from targeted therapies were observed only in a minority of patients with sarcomas. The rarity of these tumors, paucity of actionable mutations, and limitations in the chemical composition of current targeted therapies hindered the use of these approaches in sarcomas. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an innovative pharmacological modality to directly alter protein abundance with promising clinical potential in cancer, even for undruggable proteins. TPD is based on the use of small molecules called degraders or proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which trigger ubiquitin-dependent degradation of protein of interest. In this review, we will discuss major features of PROTAC and PROTAC-derived genetic systems for target validation and cancer treatment and focus on the potential of these approaches to overcome major issues connected to targeted therapies in sarcomas, including drug resistance, target specificity, and undruggable targets. A deeper understanding of these strategies might provide new fuel to drive molecular and personalized medicine to sarcomas.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Serine Protease Inhibitors in Cydia pomonella Provides Insights into Their Evolution and Expression Pattern
Authors: Wu Qiang , Xing Longsheng , Du Min , Huang Cong , Liu Bo , Zhou Hongxu , Liu Wanxue , Wan Fanghao , Qian Wanqiang
Published: November 2023

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) appear to be ubiquitous in almost all living organisms, with a conserved structure and varying functions. Serpins can modulate immune responses by negatively regulating serine protease activities strictly and precisely. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major invasive pest in China, can cause serious economic losses. However, knowledge of serpin genes in this insect remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the serpin genes in C. pomonella, obtaining 26 serpins from the C. pomonella genome. Subsequently, their sequence features, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed the evolution of a number of serpin genes in Lepidoptera. Importantly, the evolutionary relationship and putative roles of serpin genes in C. pomonella were revealed. Additionally, selective pressure analysis found amino acid sites with strong evidence of positive selection. Interestingly, the serpin1 gene possessed at least six splicing isoforms with distinct reactive-center loops, and these isoforms were experimentally validated. Furthermore, we observed a subclade expansion of serpins, and these genes showed high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting their important roles in C. pomonella. Overall, this study will enrich our knowledge of the immunity of C. pomonella and help to elucidate the role of serpins in the immune response.
NlpI-Prc Proteolytic Complex Mediates Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Degradation via Regulation of Hydrolases and Synthases in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Xinwei , den Blaauwen Tanneke
Published: November 2023

Balancing peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis and degradation with precision is essential for bacterial growth, yet our comprehension of this intricate process remains limited. The NlpI-Prc proteolytic complex plays a crucial but poorly understood role in the regulation of multiple enzymes involved in PG metabolism. In this paper, through fluorescent D-amino acid 7-hydroxycoumarincarbonylamino-D-alanine (HADA) labeling and immunolabeling assays, we have demonstrated that the NlpI-Prc complex regulates the activity of PG transpeptidases and subcellular localization of PBP3 under certain growth conditions. PBP7 (a PG hydrolase) and MltD (a lytic transglycosylase) were confirmed to be negatively regulated by the NlpI-Prc complex by an in vivo degradation assay. The endopeptidases, MepS, MepM, and MepH, have consistently been demonstrated as redundantly essential “space makers” for nascent PG insertion. However, we observed that the absence of NlpI-Prc complex can alleviate the lethality of the mepS mepM mepH mutant. A function of PG lytic transglycosylases MltA and MltD as “space makers” was proposed through multiple gene deletions. These findings unveil novel roles for NlpI-Prc in the regulation of both PG synthesis and degradation, shedding light on the previously undiscovered function of lytic transglycosylases as “space makers” in PG expansion.
Vitamin D Status Modestly Regulates NOD-Like Receptor Family with a Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome and Interleukin Profiles among Arab Adults
Authors: Yakout Sobhy M. , Alfadul Hend , Ansari Mohammed G. A. , Khattak Malak N. K. , Al-Daghri Nasser M.
Published: November 2023

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated with inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a critical immune response component, plays a pivotal role in developing inflammatory diseases. VD hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activation and thus exerts anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to analyze the effect of VD deficiency on circulating levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes (NLRP3 and caspase–1) and associated interleukins (IL–1α, IL–1β, IL–18, IL–33 and IL–37) in Saudi adults. Methods: A total of 338 Saudi adults (128 males and 210 females) (mean age = 41.2 ± 9.1 years and mean BMI 31.2 ± 6.5 kg/m2) were included. Overnight-fasting serum samples were collected. Participants were stratified according to their VD status. Serum levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes and interleukins of interest were assessed using commercially available immuno-assays. Individuals with VD deficiency had significantly lower mean 25(OH)D levels than those with a normal VD status (29.3 nmol/L vs. 74.2 nmol/L, p < 0.001). The NLRP3 levels were higher in the VD-deficient group than their VD-sufficient counterparts (0.18 vs. 0.16, p = 0.01). Significant inverse associations were observed between NLRP3 levels with age (r = −0.20, p = 0.003) and BMI (r = −0.17, p = 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis identified insulin (β = 0.38, p = 0.005) and NLRP3 (β = −1.33, p = 0.03) as significant predictors of VD status, explaining 18.3% of the variance. The findings suggest that the VD status modestly regulates NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin activities. This may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and management of inflammatory disorders.
Increase in Serum Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1ra) Levels after Wheelchair Half Marathon Race in Male Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Nakahama-Matsushima Masumi , Kamijyo Yoshi-ichiro , Umemoto Yasunori , Hashizaki Takamasa , Nishimura Yukihide , Furusawa Kazunari , Furotani Yohei , Tajima Fumihiro , Kouda Ken
Published: November 2023

Exercise increases the serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which in turn stimulates the production of various inflammatory cytokine antagonists, such as interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) are at high risk of inflammatory conditions. This study compared the effects of wheelchair half marathon on the immune system of male athletes with CSCI and those with thoracic/lumber spinal cord injury (SCI). Neutrophil count, IL-1ra, IL-6, and various endocrine parameters were measured before, immediately and 1 h after the race in five CSCI and six SCI who completed the wheelchair marathon race. The percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher in CSCI immediately and 1 h after the race, compared with the baseline, and significantly higher in SCI at 1 h after the race. IL-6 was significantly higher immediately and 1 h after the race in SCI, whereas no such changes were noted in IL-6 in CSCI. IL-1ra was significantly higher at 1 h after the race in both SCI and CSCI. The race was associated with an increase in IL-1ra in both CSCI and SCI. These findings suggest wheelchair half marathon race increases IL-1ra even under stable IL-6 status in male CSCI individuals, and that such post-race increase in IL-1ra is probably mediated through circulatory neutrophils.
Effects of COVID-19 Infection on Spermatogenesis, Oxidative Stress and Erectile Function
Authors: Törzsök Peter , Oswald David , Steiner Christopher , Abenhardt Michael , Ramesmayer Christian , Milinovic Ljiljana , Plank Bethseba , Tischleritsch Zoe , Lusuardi Lukas , Deininger Susanne
Published: November 2023

Background: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 infection on male fertility and sexual function. Methods: Thirty-one patients were investigated over a mean follow-up of 90 days (22–527) after a COVID-19 infection. Erectile dysfunction (ED), blood tests for sexual hormones, semen analysis including analysis of oxidative stress (OS), as well as COVID-19 antibody titer and the nasal COVID-19 PCR test were evaluated pre- and post-infection. Results: Five patients reported a mild de novo ED (16.13%). One patient had a de novo positive mixed antiglobulin reaction test after the infection. We found no significant difference between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 spermiogram parameters (p = 0.815). OS showed no significant association with COVID-19 infection, but with pathological spermiogram categories, sperm concentration, total sperm count, testis volume, FSH and testosterone. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection does not appear to affect sperm quality and OS negatively in the intermediate term. Further investigations will be needed to assess the potential long-term effects of the infection and vaccination on male sexual function and fertility.
Association of Cardiovascular Disease and Pancreatitis: What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?
Authors: Chen Bing , Moin Aleena , Virk Hafeez Ul Hassan , Jneid Hani , Virani Salim S. , Krittanawong Chayakrit
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Recent studies suggest an association between pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. This article aims to review the available evidence linking cardiovascular disease with acute and chronic pancreatitis. (2) Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed/MEDLINE database from inception to April 2022 using Medical Subject Heading and keywords related to pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. The search was limited to English-language literature involving human subjects, and various study types, including observational studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, were screened for eligibility. Following data extraction, the authors conducted a narrative synthesis of the studies. (3) Results: Longitudinal studies indicate that a history of acute pancreatitis is associated with an increased risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome. Elevated triglyceride levels (>2000 mg/dL) have a temporal relationship with acute pancreatitis. Cross-sectional studies have shown that acute pancreatitis is associated with cardiac injury during the acute phase. Based on longitudinal studies, chronic pancreatitis is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases. However, data regarding the relationship between chronic pancreatitis and myocardial infarction are conflicting. (4) Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, having a history of acute pancreatitis appears to increase the risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude whether chronic pancreatitis is associated with cardiovascular disease, and no definitive studies have yielded conflicting results.
Asthma Is Associated with Back Pain and Migraine—Results of Population-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Albaladejo Natalia , López-de-Andrés Ana , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad , Albaladejo-Vicente Romana , Villanueva-Orbaiz Rosa , Carricondo Francisco , Romero-Gomez Barbara , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , Perez-Farinos Napoleon
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Worldwide, asthma, back pain, and migraine are major public health problems due to their high prevalence, effect on the quality of life, and huge economic costs. The association of asthma with an increased risk of these types of pain has been suggested; however, no conclusive results have been obtained to date. The aims of our study were (1) to describe and compare the prevalence of three types of pain localization, namely migraine or frequent headaches (MFH), chronic neck pain (CNP), and chronic low back pain (CLBP), in adults with and without asthma in Spain during the years 2014 and 2020 and (2) to identify which variables were associated with the presence of these types of pain in adults with asthma. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study and a case–control study were conducted. The 2014 and 2020 European Health Interview Surveys for Spain were used as the data source. (3) Results: A total of 2463 individuals were interviewed and had self-reported asthma. In this group, the prevalence of pain was high, with CLBP (30.9%) being the most common, followed by CNP (26.7%) and MFH (13.3%). All types of pain remained stable from 2014 to 2020. In both surveys, the women with asthma reported a remarkably higher prevalence of all the types of pain analyzed than the men with asthma. After matching by age and sex, the prevalence of all pain types was significantly higher in the patients with asthma than in the matched individuals without asthma. Multivariable adjustment showed that asthma increased the likelihood of CNP by 1.45 times (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.19–1.76), that of CLBP by 1.37 times (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.11–1.64), and that of MFH by 1.19 times (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02–1.51). The three types of pain analyzed were associated with the female sex and worse self-rated health. (4) Conclusions: Among the men and women with asthma, the prevalence of all the pain types was high and remained stable over time. The prevalence was higher and the severity was greater among the women with asthma than among the men with asthma. The prevalence of any pain was significantly higher in people with asthma than in the sex–age-matched individuals without asthma. Multivariable analysis showed that the variables associated with the reporting of the three types of pain in people with asthma were female sex, worse self-reported health, and self-reported mental illness.
Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Tinnitus Outcome Measurement Instruments—A Scoping Review
Authors: Langguth Berthold , De Ridder Dirk
Published: November 2023

Objective: Tinnitus assessment and outcome measurement are complex, as tinnitus is a purely subjective phenomenon. Instruments used for the outcome measurement of tinnitus in the context of clinical trials include self-report questionnaires, visual analogue or numeric rating scales and psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus loudness. For the evaluation of therapeutic interventions, it is critical to know which changes in outcome measurement instruments can be considered as clinically relevant. For this purpose, the concept of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) has been introduced. Study design: Here we performed a literature research in PubMed in order to identify for which tinnitus outcome measurements MCID criteria have been estimated and which of these estimates fulfil the current methodological standards and can thus be considered as established. Results: For most, but not all tinnitus outcome instruments, MCID calculations have been performed. The MCIDs for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) and visual analogue scales (VAS) vary considerably across studies. Psychoacoustic assessments of tinnitus such as loudness matching have not shown sufficient reliability and validity for the use as an outcome measurement. Conclusion: Future research should aim at the confirmation of the available estimates in large samples involving various therapeutic interventions and under the consideration of time intervals and baseline values. As a rule of thumb, an improvement of about 15% can be considered clinically meaningful, analogous to what has been seen in other entirely subjective pathologies like chronic pain.
Saphenous Vein Graft Failure: Current Challenges and a Review of the Contemporary Percutaneous Options for Management
Authors: Back Liam , Ladwiniec Andrew
Published: November 2023

The use of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) in the surgical management of obstructive coronary artery disease remains high despite a growing understanding of their limitations in longevity. In contemporary practice, approximately 95% of patients receive one SVG in addition to a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft. The precise patency rates for SVGs vary widely in the literature, with estimates of up to 61% failure rate at greater than 10 years of follow-up. SVGs are known to progressively degenerate over time and, even if they remain patent, demonstrate marked accelerated atherosclerosis. Multiple studies have demonstrated a marked acceleration of atherosclerosis in bypassed native coronary arteries compared to non-bypassed arteries, which predisposes to a high number of native chronic total occlusions (CTOs) and subsequent procedural challenges when managing graft failure. Patients with failing SVGs frequently require revascularisation to previously grafted territories, with estimates of 13% of CABG patients requiring an additional revascularisation procedure within 10 years. Redo CABG confers a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality and, as such, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the favoured strategy for revascularisation in SVG failure. Percutaneous treatment of a degenerative SVG provides unique challenges secondary to a tendency for frequent superimposed thrombi on critical graft stenoses, friable lesions with marked potential for distal embolization and subsequent no-reflow phenomena, and high rates of peri-procedural myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, the rates of restenosis within SVG stents are disproportionately higher than native vessel PCI despite the advances in drug-eluting stent (DES) technology. The alternative to SVG PCI in failed grafts is PCI to the native vessel, ‘replacing’ the grafts and restoring patency within the previously grafted coronary artery, with or without occluding the donor graft. This strategy has additional challenges to de novo coronary artery PCI, however, due to the high burden of complex atherosclerotic lesion morphology, extensive coronary calcification, and the high incidence of CTO. Large patient cohort studies have reported worse short- and long-term outcomes with SVG PCI compared to native vessel PCI. The PROCTOR trial is a large and randomised control trial aimed at assessing the superiority of native vessel PCI versus vein graft PCI in patients with prior CABG awaiting results. This review article will explore the complexities of SVG failure and assess the contemporary evidence in guiding optimum percutaneous interventional strategy.
Roles of Cognitive Function on Visual Field Reliability Indices among Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Ichitani Aona , Takao Eri , Tanito Masaki
Published: November 2023

This study reports the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients attending a glaucoma outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital. It also comprehensively assesses possible associations between CI and visual field (VF) reliability indices among glaucoma patients. The retrospective analysis included 1464 eyes from 746 subjects (mean age, 70.6 ± 11.9; 401 males and 345 females). CI was evaluated using the Mini-Cog test, revealing a suspected prevalence of 8.0% (60 out of 746) among the patients. After adjusting for various background parameters using a mixed effects regression model, an abnormal Mini-Cog score was linked to higher false negative (FN) (p = 0.0034) and false positive (FP) (p = 0.0051) but not fixation loss (FL) (p = 0.82). Among the Mini-Cog components, a lower word recall test score was associated with higher FN (p < 0.0001), with a borderline difference in FP (p = 0.054) and no significant effect on FL (p = 0.09). Conversely, a lower clock drawing test score was associated with higher FP (p = 0.038), while FL (p = 0.49) and FN (p = 0.12) remained unaffected. These findings suggest that CI can impact the reliability of VF testing among glaucoma patients, highlighting the importance of assessing cognitive function in glaucoma care.
Objective Prediction Tracking Control Technology Assisted by Inertial Information
Authors: Leng Yue , Zhong Sheng
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the challenge of reduced tracking accuracy in maritime electro-optical tracking equipment when dealing with high-mobility targets like speedboats and aircraft due to off-target error delays. We propose an innovative technique that leverages inertial navigation data to enhance target prediction and tracking control. Our approach involves the real-time integration of high-frequency inertial navigation-derived attitude information into the tracking system. By combining off-target error information with angular measurements from the tracking mechanism, we project the vector of the tracked target into multiple coordinate systems, including the imaging coordinate system, carrier coordinate system, and geographic coordinate system. Subsequently, we model and predict the target’s motion trajectory in the relatively slow-changing geographic coordinate system. This transformation process increases the update frequency and real-time performance of the tracking control position loop command angle. Unlike traditional control methods that heavily rely on the model of the controlled object, our approach significantly improves tracking accuracy and engineering applicability. It offers a technology-based optimization of tracking and control performance through an interdisciplinary theoretical fusion, deeply integrating inertial navigation technology with tracking control technology. Experimental results with maritime electro-optical tracking equipment demonstrate that our proposed control technique increases tracking accuracy for high-speed targets by approximately threefold compared to traditional methods. Under the same experimental conditions, the off-target error statistics are reduced from 1.8 mrad to 633 μrad.
Penile Microdissection: A Live Donor Feasibility Study in Feminizing Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Pusica Slavica , Stojanovic Borko , Bencic Marko , Bizic Marta , Atanasijevic Tatjana , Djordjevic Miroslav L.
Published: November 2023

Femininizing gender affirmation surgery includes the creation of external female genitalia such as a new clitoris, labia, and vagina with removal of the glans and urethral remnants and full corpora cavernosa. We evaluated the possibility of using preserved cavernosal bodies with glans and urethral remnants for potential live-donor penile transplantation. Between March 2021 and February 2023, penile microvascular dissection followed by gender-affirming vaginoplasty was performed in 41 patients aged 18 to 57 years (mean 30.5 years). The mean follow-up was 15 months (ranging from 6 to 26 months). The removed penile entities were properly measured. The corpora cavernosa were completely preserved in all cases; the length of remaining anterior urethra ranged from 12.70 cm to 16.40 cm, while the mean glans remnant volume was 85.37% of the total volume. All patients reported satisfactory results after gender-affirming vaginoplasty. Microvascular penile dissection in gender-affirming vaginoplasty is simple and safe, suggesting a good possibility of using the full corpora cavernosa, glans, and anterior urethra remnants for live-donor penile transplantation.
Evaluation of the Surface Irregularities of the Cross-Section of the Wood after CO2 Laser Cutting
Authors: Adamčík Lukáš , Igaz Rastislav , Štefančin Lukáš , Kubovský Ivan , Kminiak Richard
Published: November 2023

The present paper deals with the analysis of cross-section surface irregularities after CO2 laser cutting. The surface irregularities of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus petraea), and spruce (Picea abies L.) wood were quantified by primary profile parameters using a digital microscope. The arithmetic mean height (Pa), used as the basic parameter, was supplemented by amplitude parameters (Pv, Pp, Pz) and the Psm parameter, through which the shape of the irregularity was specified in more detail. A statistically significant change was demonstrated when changing the values of the feed speed and the power of the CO2 laser. The results of this article confirm that the surface irregularities increased with an increasing laser power and decreasing feed rate. The scanned topographic images also provide a more detailed explanation of the measured P-parameters and point out the risks associated with the evaluation of the cross-section with the primary profile.
Asymptotic Consideration of Rayleigh Waves on a Coated Orthorhombic Elastic Half-Space Reinforced Using an Elastic Winkler Foundation
Authors: Mubaraki Ali M.
Published: November 2023

This article derives approximate formulations for Rayleigh waves on a coated orthorhombic elastic half-space with a prescribed vertical load acting as an elastic Winkler foundation. In addition, perfect continuity conditions are imposed between the coating layer and the substrate, while suitable decaying conditions are slated along the infinite depth of the half-space. The effect of the thin layer is modeled using appropriate effective boundary conditions within the long-wave limit. By applying the Radon transform and using the perturbation method, the derived model successfully captures the physical characteristics of elastic surface waves in coated half-spaces. The model consists of a pesudo-static elliptic equation decaying over the interior of the half-space and a singularly perturbed hyperbolic equation with a pseudo-differential operator. The pseudo-differential equation gives the approximate dispersion of surface waves on the coated half-space structure and is analyzed numerically at the end.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Corrosion Behaviour of Hardfacing Alloys Containing Chromium Nitrides
Authors: Tan Cedric , Krishnan Kannoorpatti
Published: November 2023

Chromium nitrides such as CrN and Cr2N are often used for corrosion and wear resistant applications. In order to understand the thermodynamic stability of the nitrides, Pourbaix diagrams will be extremely useful. In this paper, Pourbaix diagrams are constructed for CrN and Cr2N using thermodynamical data for species at 298 K (25 °C) and at a concentration of 10−6 M for aqueous species. These diagrams are useful indicators for the stable regions in which these compounds can be used. The diagrams show that passive Cr2O3 films form on the surfaces where chromium nitride was present. It is argued that the formation of Cr2O3 films will degrade chromium nitride and make it much less useful as a wear resistant layer. However, the presence of nitrogen in solid solution is better for the stability of passive films.