bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time intrafraction motion monitoring in external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Bertholet Jenny , Knopf Antje , Eiben Björn , McClelland Jamie , Grimwood Alexander , Harris Emma , Menten Martin , Poulsen Per , Nguyen Doan Trang , Keall Paul , Oelfke Uwe
Published: June 2019

Radiotherapy (RT) aims to deliver a spatially conformal dose of radiation to tumours while maximizing the dose sparing to healthy tissues. However, the internal patient anatomy is constantly moving due to respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal and urinary activity. The long term goal of the RT community to ‘see what we treat, as we treat’ and to act on this information instantaneously has resulted in rapid technological innovation. Specialized treatment machines, such as robotic or gimbal-steered linear accelerators (linac) with in-room imaging suites, have been developed specifically for real-time treatment adaptation. Additional equipment, such as stereoscopic kilovoltage (kV) imaging, ultrasound transducers and electromagnetic transponders, has been developed for intrafraction motion monitoring on conventional linacs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been integrated with cobalt treatment units and more recently with linacs. In addition to hardware innovation, software development has played a substantial role in the development of motion monitoring methods based on respiratory motion surrogates and planar kV or Megavoltage (MV) imaging that is available on standard equipped linacs.

In this paper, we review and compare the different intrafraction motion monitoring methods proposed in the literature and demonstrated in real-time on clinical data as well as their possible future developments. We then discuss general considerations on validation and quality assurance for clinical implementation.

Besides photon RT, particle therapy is increasingly used to treat moving targets. However, transferring motion monitoring technologies from linacs to particle beam lines presents substantial challenges. Lessons learned from the implementation of real-time intrafraction monitoring for photon RT will be used as a basis to discuss the implementation of these methods for particle RT.
Spin–orbit proximity effect in graphene on metallic substrates: decoration versus intercalation with metal adatoms
Authors: Sławińska Jagoda , Cerdá Jorge I
Published: June 2019

The so-called spin–orbit proximity effect experimentally realized in graphene (G) on several different heavy metal surfaces opens a new perspective to engineer the spin–orbit coupling for new generation spintronics devices. Here, via large-scale density functional theory calculations performed for two distinct graphene/metal models, G/Pt(111) and G/Au/Ni(111), we show that the spin–orbit splitting of the Dirac cones (DCs) in these structures might be enhanced by either adsorption of adatoms on top of graphene (decoration) or between the graphene and the metal (intercalation). While the decoration by inducing strong graphene-adatom interaction suppresses the linearity of the G’s π bands, the intercalated structures reveal a weaker adatom-mediated graphene/substrate hybridization which preserves well-defined although broadened DCs. Remarkably, the intercalated G/Pt(111) structure exhibits splittings considerably larger than the defect-free case.
Formation of antihydrogen beams from positron–antiproton interactions
Authors: Jonsell S , Charlton M
Published: June 2019

The formation of a beam of antihydrogen atoms when antiprotons pass through cold, dense positron plasmas is simulated for various plasma properties and antiproton injection energies. There are marked dependences of the fraction of injected antiprotons which are emitted as antihydrogen in a beam-like configuration upon the temperature of the positrons, and upon the antiproton kinetic energy. Yields as high as 13% are found at the lowest positron temperatures simulated here (5 K) and at antiproton kinetic energies below about 0.1 eV. By 1 eV the best yields are as low as 10−3, falling by about two orders of magnitude with an increase of the positron temperature to 50 K. Example distributions for the antihydrogen angular emission, binding energy and kinetic energy are presented and discussed. Comparison is made with experimental information, where possible.
A simple equation to study changes in rainfall statistics
Authors: Benestad Rasmus E , Parding Kajsa M , Erlandsen Helene B , Mezghani Abdelkader
Published: June 2019

We test an equation for the probability of heavy 24 h precipitation amounts Pr(X > x) as a function of the wet-day frequency and the wet-day mean precipitation. The expression was evaluated against 9817 daily rain gauge records world-wide and was subsequently used to derive mathematical expressions for different rainfall statistics in terms of the wet-day frequency and the wet-day mean precipitation. This framework comprised expressions for probabilities, mean, variance, and return-values. We differentiated these statistics with respect to time and compared them to trends in number of rainy days and the mean rainfall intensity based on 1875 rain gauge records with more than 50 years of valid data over the period 1961–2018. The results indicate that there has been a general increase in the probability of precipitation exceeding 50 mm/day. The main cause for this increase has been a boost in the intensity of the rain, but there were also some cases where it has been due to more rainy days. In some limited regions there has also been an increase in Pr(X > 50 mm/day) that coincided with a decrease in the number of rainy days. We also found a general increasing trend in the variance and the 10-year return-value over 1961–2018 due to increasing wet-day frequency and wet-day mean precipitation.
Investigation of the Sorbing Properties of the Dahurian Larch Bark in its Interaction with Petroleum Products
Authors: Zhebsain V V , Popov V I , Zhebsaina S M , Nikiphorova A A , Nikolaev M S
Published: June 2019

As is known, pollution of the environment by oil products leads to the gravest consequences, the elimination of which is expencive for mankind. Thereby intensive researches of effective methods of liquidation of oil pollution are conducted now. Sorbents on a plant basis favorably differ by their ecological compatibility, availability and cheap material. In the present work, the problems of the development of a sorbent on the basis of modification of the bark of Dahurian larch, which grows mainly in Eastern Siberia and the Far East, in particular in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are considered. The results of experimental measurements of the sorption capacity of the modified bark of the Daurian larch are presented.
Studying the Moisture Capacity of Artificial Soils Containing Industrial Byproducts
Authors: Smolenskaya L M , Rybina S Yu , Pendyurin E A
Published: June 2019

Artificial soils based on sand and clay contain multiple byproducts such as defecation precipitate and byproduct of wet magnetic separation (WMS). The organic portion is the sediment from the sludge lagoons of the pig farm.

We have studied the moisture retention capacity of artificial soils. The moisture capacity is mainly contributed to by clay (28 mg/g), defecation precipitate (20 mg/g), and the sludge-lagoon sediments (30 mg/g).

Specific surface area of artificial soils lies within a range of 50 to m2/g, which is close to ordinary chernozem soils.

The obtained artificial-soil compositions can be used for land reclamation as an alternative substrate of natural soil.
Design and Preliminary Calculation of the Accuracy of Special Geodetic and Mine Surveying Networks
Authors: Sholomitskii A , Lagutina E
Published: June 2019

The article deals with issues of creation of high precision mine surveying networks. They can be used for the building and equipment installation. Also there is a method of joint adjustment of satellite, geodetic and mine surveying measurements.. To solve this problem, we propose a mathematical apparatus for converting measurements into a local rectangular coordinate system. The joint system of linear equations of satellite and geodetic measurements is solved by the method of least squares by the method of conjugate gradients in a special software package. The complex has the ability to strictly precomputation the accuracy of mixed networks, taking into account all the geometric conditions that arise in the network. The articles shows the design technique of mine surveying base network for cable-belt conveyor, its precision estimation depending on methods and equipments for geodetic measurements.
Experimental Studies of Soil Frost Heaving Pressure Development in Confined Space
Authors: Kim V , Kim M , Kim M
Published: June 2019

This article describes the results of experimental studies of the frost heaving pressure development at the soil freezing in confined space. Studies devoted to the investigation of heaving soil influence on the structures acquire special significance at present due to the intensive development of the North and North-East regions of Russia. The conducted researches made it possible to reveal the features of the development of frost heaving pressure of clay and sandy soils under one-sided and uniform freezing in confined space, depending on the degree of their water saturation, temperature regime and possible deformations. It was revealed that in sandy soils the formation of the frost heaving pressure is caused by the freezing of free (gravitational) water and can be determined by the Bridgman-Tammann formula. In clay soils, the development of frost heaving pressure is associated with the freezing of loosely-bound (film) water and can be determined by the method proposed by the authors both in the absence and in the presence of heaving volumetric deformation.
The Hierarchy of Development of Geodynamic Processes of the Earth’s Crust During the Development of Kuzbass Deposits
Authors: Solovitskiy A N
Published: June 2019

It is established that the acquisition of new knowledge about the development of geodynamic processes of the earth’s crust and expansion of their application in the development of subsurface resources is possible on the basis of interpretation of geodetic data obtained during the registration of its kinematics. At the present time in the traditional technologies of geomechanical support of subsoil development kinematic characteristics are the basic information about these processes. Such characteristics are ambiguous. To overcome this ambiguity, the author proposes dynamic parameters of the crustal block, which are used as the basis for the theory of hierarchy of the geodynamic processes of the Earth’s crust, which provides the determination of both the time deformations (strains) of the crustal blocks, the potential energy and its density, and the types of geodynamic of the situation.
Medium-Term Prediction of Sakhalin’s Dangerous Seismic Events in the LURR and SRP Models
Authors: Zakupin A S
Published: June 2019

This paper is devoted to the two methods of strong earthquakes prediction based on the analysis of seismic catalogues. The first method is well-known as LURR (load-unload response ratio) and involve the Coulomb-Mohr’s criteria and basic laws of linear theory of elasticity. Inherently, it allows identify attainment of the deformation process of the phase when medium response to loading can be no longer linear (pre-destruction). The second method so called as SRP has relation to self-organized processes theory. The both methods have proved the effectiveness on the Sakhalin but have used separately. The research is based on Sakhalin seismic catalog (Mw> 2). We have considered retrospectively seismic event near the Cape Krillon in case of combination of two methods.
IT-Based Systematic Monitoring of the Disposal of Associated Petroleum Gas
Authors: Udartseva O V
Published: June 2019

The paper substantiates the necessity of implementing information technology-based systematic monitoring for studying environmental pollutions induced by the flaring of associated petroleum gas. It proposes approaches to creating information software for monitoring using the existing analysis and control technologies that are necessary for finding the correlations between the controlled and uncontrolled factors in the gas-flaring process. We have developed an information software suite for real-time monitoring of environmental pollutions caused by the flaring of associated petroleum gas; using a wireless sensor network, the software can visualize the obtained data. We have experimentally measured the concentrations of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, and carbohydrate compounds in soil at various distances from the emission source. There has been established a strong correlation between the flaring process parameters and the emission concentrations. The paper proposes mechanisms for using this software in the analysis of the environmental safety of territories.
Exploration Testing Network Optimization at the Operational Stage of Coal mining
Authors: Kuznetsov P Yu , Grib N N , Zhelyabina A G
Published: June 2019

In the article the problem of the quantitative estimation of coal deposit efficient detailed prospecting and a way of its decision which is based on the three sequential problems solving is considered. The quantitative assessment of performance itself is verified on sufficiency of the studies carried out by well-drilling. The sufficiency condition is determined by comparing the existing testing density with the predictive optimal one. The forecast of the optimum density of the testing network is based on the use of summarized relative entropy value, as measures of homogeneous significant mineable coal seams and also regulations acting on the territory of the Russian Federation. The application of the technique proposed in this article is considered on the sample of the Site No. 1 of the Elga Coal Deposit. The forecast of the optimal testing density, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of acceptable design operational decisions for this deposit field was performed for following parameters of coal quality as raw-coal ash, thickness of the plastic layer, devolatilization and moisture of analysis sample. Due to the evaluation findings of the efficient detailed prospecting at Site No. 1 of the Elga Deposit it was determined that the existing network of exploration wells in the southern part of the site should be partially condensed.
Torque Reduction while Drilling With Casing
Authors: Khuzina L B , Fazlieva R I , Gimaztdinova E A
Published: June 2019

Currently, we have been witnessing the increasing number of problems in drilling caused by certain challenges in drilling through depleted reservoirs, complicated geological settings, and fast-growing technology of extended reach drilling. One of the methods used to solve the problems is casing-while-drilling. The authors have been studying the difficulties occurring while using this method with a special focus on the issue of torque increase while rotating a casing string at an excessive speed. The paper presents calculations of the torque taking into account the friction coefficient. As an effective solution to reduce the torque a new centralizer has been designed in the laboratory of the Department of Oil and Gas Well Drilling of Almetyevsk State Oil Institute. While performing casing drilling operations a new centralizer with roller balls attached makes it possible for rolling friction to be replaced with sliding friction and, thus, prevent thread stripping.
Theoretical Study of the Elements Vibrations of the Diesel Shunting Locomotive Cabins
Authors: Yaitskov I A
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the creation of the high-capacity transport vehicles, in which the use of vibro-active organs is increasingly used, inevitably leads to the increase in the levels of vibration and noise that are harmful to locomotive crews, and in the operation of the transport vehicles in the dwellings and to the acoustic environment pollution. This problem is relevant for the rail vehicles. First of all, according to the EU, it is necessary to implement measures for extinguishing noise in the places where it occurs, i.e. from the movement of the rolling stock. In this direction, the domestic and foreign experts carried out certain research. However, the formation process of the vibro-acoustic characteristics has not been studied enough. It should also be noted that the theoretical research of the vibro-acoustic dynamics of the rolling stock and methods for calculating vibration and noise spectra are limited that makes it difficult to substantiate engineering solutions for reducing the intensity of the sound emission from dominant noise sources. It is considered in the negative effect of the high level noise on workers of the locomotive crews, machinists and the environment, it is necessary to create rail vehicles with appropriate vibro-acoustic characteristics that meet the requirements of the international standards. For the locomotive’s cab, the significant influence of the structural noise component is characteristic. Therefore, this article presents the results of the theoretical studies of vibro-acoustic characteristics of the locomotives’ cabins based on traditionally used method of the energy balance for plate structures. In addition, the system of equations observes the elements of the glazing of the cabins as a “weak link” of the supporting structure. The obtained results determine the expected sound pressure levels in the design of the cabins and compare them with the maximum permissible values. The values of the excesses in the according frequency ranges are the main information for choosing engineering solutions for reducing noise levels at the design stage of such machines.
Calculation of Load-bearing Capacity of Tubula Anchor of Friction Type
Authors: Zubkov A A , Kutlubaev I M , Muhamedjarova M S
Published: June 2019

The load-bearing capacity of a rod of a tubular anchor of a friction type (friction-type anchor) is determined by the nature of its interaction with the walls of the hole. The preliminary (estimated) calculation of this indicator is difficult because of the lack of information about the deformed state of the rod. The proposed interaction scheme assumes coupling only over a part of the cross-sectional profile. Force factors are represented by concentrated and distributed loads. On the basis of accepted assumptions, a mathematical model which indicates rod-hole force interaction is formed. The determination of the parameters characterizing the adopted interaction scheme is based on the solution of the obtained nonlinear equations. The physical simulation of the process of installing the anchor in the borehole model was performed. The accepted scheme of interaction of a rod – borehole is experimentally confirmed. The results of numerical simulation have large convergence with experimental data.
Geosorbent Based on the Combination of Kuznetsk-Basin Coal Fly Ssh With Various Kinds of Lignin
Authors: Fux S L , Devyaterikova S V , Musikhina T A
Published: June 2019

Annually coal-fired heat-and-power plants produce up to 40 million tons of ash and slag in Russia, while the already accumulated in the ash-dumps waste exceeds 1.5 billion tons. In Russia alone heat power plants’ ash-dumps occupy over 20 thousand km2 of land area. Ash and slag waste reclamation volume in Russia doesn’t exceed 6 % of of their annual accumulation (annually only 1.5-2.1 million tons are recycled), while other countries recycle 50-100 % of ash and slag waste. Russia’s main coal-mining region is the Kuznetsk coal basin. The importance of the suggested fly ash geosorbent technology is in the fact that its use will make it possible to recycle and reclaim the already accumulated ash and slag waste, but the newly produced waste as well. Thus, the objective of the project in question is the study of the use of heat power plant fly ash as a gas-adsorbing agent in the chemical industry, and as a means to extract industrial oils and lubricants out of waste water.
Environmental Problems Mining Industry in the Arctic
Authors: Pesterev A P , Yakovlev V A , Kirillina A A , Solovev D B
Published: June 2019

In this article characteristics and indicators of climatic conditions of a North taiga subzone where works on extraction of alluvial diamonds from alluvial deposits of the northern rivers are intensively carried out are considered. Mining works are conducted in the open career way with full transfer of the natural bed of the rivers. It is followed by pollution of the rivers and adjacent territories. For assessment of state of environment monitoring researches with studying of contents and migrations of minerals in a soil cover were conducted. Results of a condition of the chemical composition of soils before technogenic influence are given in work.
Modelling of Dynamic Compensation for Isolated Neutral Power Network
Authors: Pinchukov P S
Published: June 2019

The paper deal with causes and consequences of the negative influence of harmonic components of currents and voltages in medium voltage distribution networks. The dynamic compensation benefits for filtering harmonic components of currents and voltages and eliminating current and voltage distortion from the power system are considered. In the paper the model of isolated neutral power network with the dynamic compensation device is created by simulation in the Matlab Simulink software. In the model a three-phase network was simulated by blocks from the SimPowerSystem database and the non-sinusoidal load was simulated by a three-phase bridge diode rectifier. The dynamic compensation filtering device is simulated by an inverter on IGBT-transistors and consisted of shunt reverse diodes, smoothing filters and capacitive storage. The simulation results show the reduction of the voltage distortion limits to the normalized values, thus we can eliminate the non-sinusoidal form of the voltage curve and make it sinusoidal by dynamic compensation in the distribution network. The dynamic compensation device operates correctly in the created model and is suitable for high-nonlinear, inductive, fast-changing and harmonic-generating loads, as it effectively fights against the violation of the quality of electrical energy.
Simulation of a Return Current System for AC Power Traction Network
Authors: Makasheva S I
Published: June 2019

The paper deals the problem of the reverse traction current’s asymmetry in the rail circuit under heavy haul traffic conditions for AC railways. The consequences and the possible causes of the negative influence of asymmetry of the return current system for AC power traction network are considered. For analyse the degree of influence of various factors on the reverse traction current’s asymmetry the return current system model is created in Multisim 12.0 software. The simulation model consists of the reverse traction current block-section. The model allows researching the influence of various factors including environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, power and type of throttle-transformers, rail track ballast resistance on the conditions of the return current system breakdown. Particular attention is paid to the study of the breakdown voltage critical values on the spark gap in the return current circuit on the example of a railway section located in the Far East of Russia. Simulation results show that in addition to improving electrical characteristics, a positive effect of reducing asymmetry of the return current system for AC power traction network can be achieved by cleaning of the track ballast layer.
Features of Determining the Temperature Regime of the Drilling Wells in Permafrost
Authors: Timofeev N , Nikolaeva M , Atlasov R
Published: June 2019

Rational regulation of the thermal regime during wells drilling operations grows into an important practical task. Its successful solution largely determines the efficiency of the well construction and the fulfillment of its objective function.

Under the influence of both high positive and negative temperatures surrounding the rock well, various kinds of complications and accidents often occur during drilling and fastening of wells. Productivity of drilling operations is sharply reduced and drilling costs are increased.

When drilling various wells in areas of the Northeast and the Arctic zone of Russia with extreme natural and climatic conditions and a thick layer of permafrost the selection of optimal drilling tools and drilling technologies requires special requirements. Deposits of the permafrost zone have significant differences from analogs located in regions with a temperate climate and a positive temperature of rocks. Their specificity is due to the complex interaction and influence of mining-geological, permafrost and climatic factors. It has been established that the temperature factor determining the efficiency of the process of destruction and transportation of frozen rocks lies at the basis of the complicated conditions for rotary drilling of wells in permafrost.
Application of Petrochemical Heterocyclic Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Gabitov A I
Published: June 2019

Theoretical concepts of inhibition mechanism in metal corrosion and forecasting of protective properties of substances are connected with experimental research of surface-active materials adsorption on metal surface. Application of petrochemicals, including intermediate products and petrochemical wastes for making new highly efficient and quite cheap corrosion inhibitors is promising. Research results of adsorption of some 1,3-diheterocycloalcanes-based compounds by method for measuring double-electric layer capacity appearing in “metal-electrolyte” interface in blank corrosion medium are reviewed herein. Therewith both blocking and energy effects of inhibitors are found to be the most efficient at first approach. Blocking effect is reducing area of metal surface affected by corrosion. Energy or ψ
1-effect occurs due to changing of double-electric layer structure in “metal-corrosion medium” interface. Adsorption results may be used to study corrosion inhibition mechanism by the analyzed compounds.
Research of Influence Preliminary Water Compression to the Processes of Methane-Containing Gas Mixtures Hydrate Formation
Authors: Em Iu M , Nikitina A V , Tiurin A N , Gulkova S G , Gulkov A N
Published: June 2019

Currently, the supply of a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor (THI) increasing is the most common measure to prevent the formation of hydrates of gas transmission systems. It is proposed to improve the test procedure for calculating the consumption of inhibitors. By the method of Kinetic (K) and Hydrate Stability Zone (HSZ) the study of the formation and decomposition of gas hydrate phase was led in the mercury-free installation of GHA (Vinci Technologies, France). The moment of formation and decomposition of the gas hydrate phase is determined by the method of recording the pressure deviation from the reference one and duplicated visually.

The substance of the methane-containing gas mixture is determined by the results of the analysis using a chromatograph SHIMADZU GC 2014. The gas mixture as natural gas of the Yuzhno-Kirinskoye Gas Condensate Field is used in the studies as follows: Methane [CH4] 91.28%, Ethane [C2H6] 3.74%, Propane [C3H8] 1.61%, Carbon dioxide [CO2] 1.87%, Butanes [C4H10] 0.37%, [i- C4H10] 0.28%, Pentanes [C5H12] 0.04%, [i-C5H12] 0.09%, [neo-C5H12] 0.001%.

The measurements are carried out in the temperature range from -2°C to 20°C and pressures from 6 MPa to 11 MPa (930-1560 PSI). Cycles of the formation and decomposition of the gas hydrate phase are carried out in samples with water previously subjected to a pressure of 50 MPa and 10 MPa. The difference in experiments is described by the methods of Kinetics (K) and Hydrate Stability Zone (HSZ).

It has been established that during the calculation of THI concentration, it is necessary to carry out additional tests of samples of the gas mixture and water, which was subjected to the preliminary exposure to high pressure, to prevent hydrate formation. The formation of hydrates in such samples occurs earlier than in standard tests.

The increase in the incubation period of hydrate formation in repeated experiments with pre-prepared water indicates the flow of the equilibrium process of redistribution of the proportions of the cubic structures sI and sII. The process takes place in the system for a long time during several cycles of formation and destruction of the hydrate phase.
Security and Human Health Risk Assessment: Actual Problems
Authors: Nikiforova V A , Vidishcheva E A , Vidishcheva D D
Published: June 2019

This paper presents data on specific chemical risks observed in the urbanized areas of Irkutsk Oblast. The most important air pollutants in Bratsk are nitrogen dioxide, fluoride compounds, sulfur-containing substances, benzo(a)pyrene, and formaldehyde. The paper addresses the issues of assessing risks to human health when exposed to chemicals contained in the air of residential areas. We use the risk assessment methodology to quantify the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for specific population cohorts. It is found that when exposed to chemicals through inhalation, the risk of experiencing toxic effects is high. We hereby evaluate how specific contaminants affect the human health risks. The existing pollution level in the city’s administrative districts causes a high risk of respiratory diseases (HQ = 4.28), musculoskeletal diseases (HQ = 1.74), immunity disorders (HQ = 1.74), respiratory system disorders (HQ = 14.1), ophthalmological diseases (HQ = 9.7), physical and mental maldevelopment (HQ = 9.4); the total population-wide carcinogenic risk is found unacceptable (PCR = 1.8×10−3). It is demonstrated that the risk concept can be used as a methodological tool to substantiate the administrative decision-making with respect to environmental protection and technogenic security.
Designing for Manufacturing of the Closed Control System for Cars Waste Gases Neutralization
Authors: Solnitsev R I , Korshunov G I , Petrushevskaya A A
Published: June 2019

The process of end-to-end digital design of the closed control system for exhaust gas neutralization of cars proposed by the authors is considered. Known catalysts with heating, but without heating control are not effective enough to neutralize harmful exhaust gases. The system includes measurement means of gas concentration, control unit and standard units of the vehicle catalysis exhaust system, communication devices, GPS/GLONASS as elements of this control system. The stages of end-to-end digital system design from digital modeling of functions, schematic, design solutions oriented on selected production technologies are considered. Full or partial digital design of technological and production processes is provided. The principal novelty is the use of catalyst controlled heating, as well as the creation of assign vehicle units of the system for serial production. A computer program has been developed that simulates the stages of digital electronics production for environmental monitoring systems. The computer program contains elements of the cyber physical systems concept. The computer program is designed to ensure the quality of design and production efficiency. The knowledge base was built as ontological approach for supporting and updating information about the system with the ability to extract knowledge at the request of users is proposed. The input information for filling the knowledge base is formed on the basis of conceptual and constructive knowledge, as well as databases containing information about the system elements. The description of the knowledge base, the results of the development, possible ways of development are given.
Underwater Robotics Complex for Inspection and Laser Cleaning of Ships from Biofouling
Authors: Kostenko V V , Bykanova A Yu , Tolstonogov A Yu
Published: June 2019

The survey of an underwater part of ships is the mandatory procedure by rules of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Periodic cleaning of the ship’s hull from biofouling increases efficiency of its motion. Inspection of the underwater part of the ship during afloat is currently carried out by divers with the underwater video system, devices for non-destructive testing of hull structures, and tools for cleaning surfaces from products of biological fouling and corrosion. The purpose of this study was to develop a new technical tool for remote surveying and cleaning of ship’s hull using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with underwater laser cleaning equipment. The design of the vehicle for inspection and laser cleaning of ships has been developed during the research. The algorithms for trajectory controlling of the vehicle over the hull surface based on wheel and propulsion system has been proposed. The navigation data for the trajectory planning was received from combination of wheel and visual odometry. The proposed technical solutions allow the hull of the ship to be inspected and cleaned effectively and safely without being placed in the dry dock as well as to quickly assess the condition of the surface with the binding of the results to the ship’s drawing.
Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Chlorine-Containing Medical Waste
Authors: Dudkina L M , Gerasimov G Y , Khaskhachikh V V
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of components of medical waste that consist of polyvinyl chloride (medical oilcloth and tubes of blood transfusion systems) is investigated. Thermogravimetric analyzes were performed in the TG-DTG mode on the synchronous thermal analysis device NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter. Based on the data obtained, the calculation of the kinetic parameters of the process of thermal decomposition of the investigated samples of medical waste was performed. For tubes of blood transfusion systems, experiments were conducted to absorb gases entering from the reaction volume in order to determine the temperature range of hydrogen chloride emission.
Research of Surface-Active Properties of Waste of Processing of Tin Ores
Authors: Rastanina N K , Chekmareva L I , Filimonov I Y
Published: June 2019

The object of research is the waste of enrichment of ories of the closed mining enterprise “Solnechny GOK” of the Khabarovsk territory of the Far Eastern Federal district. The article discusses the results of research of surface-active properties of waste of enrichment of tin ories due to their impact on the environment and public health. Sodium oxalate, trilon B, methylene blue, sodium humate were used as sorbates. Methods for the determination of interaction of waste with the sorbates – thermal effect and discoloration of colored complexing agents in the presence of the waste. Titrimetric methods were used to determine the number of reaction centers of waste. For to determine the nature of the active centers of wastes was use the extinguish of the foam generated by the anionic and nonionic surfactants. The influence of molar mass and structure of sorbates on the nature of their interaction with the waste surface is shown. High molecular polydentate complexing agent form a surface film. Low molecular weight sorbates contribute to the formation of soluble complexes of heavy metals and pollution of water systems. The revealed physico-chemical properties will allow to predict the increase in the probability of groundwater contamination by low molecular weight organic complexing agents and also probability of the best fixing of soils on waste in the presence of high-molecular organic substances of soil absorption complex.
Impact of Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Snow on the Melting Process Intensity
Authors: Serebrennikov A A , Plokhov A A
Published: June 2019

The most economical decision to remove snow in big cities is using thermal snow melting facilities. Snow mass removal, taking place within them, is a complex stochastic process. Nevertheless, it’s necessary to have detailed description of melting metamorphism, allowing to get certain regularities, which could be basis of engineering calculations of geometrical and kinematic parameters of the facilities.

Methods and results of experimental studies, conducted with the purpose to find out dynamics of melting process depending on basic factors, effecting operational process: density of snow mass, grades of its pollution, temperature of heat carrier and character of its interaction with processed environment, have been narrated in the article. The received experiment results are foundation for physical modelling of operational process and getting criterion equations as dimensionless quantities for distribution of found relations for all the similar systems.
Regional Variability of Influence of Small-Scale Sound-Speed Fluctuation Levels on the Acoustic Fields Formation in the Ocean
Authors: Kiryanov A V , Salnikov B A , Salnikova E N , Slesarev N Y
Published: June 2019

The results presented herein are the research findings about the influence of small-scale inhomogeneity’s in water environment on the structure of acoustic fields for hydrological and acoustical conditions that are typical for the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Small-scale sound-speed fluctuations were modeled by adding a stochastic perturbation to the deterministic mean profile. Quantitative experiment was conducted to determine the dynamics of changes in the first three convergence zones at the depths of emission source in relation to the random componentry in the sound-speed field. Analytical dependences of increasing widths of upper convergence zones on the level of the random componentry in the sound-speed field were determined based on the results of quantitative experiment. With increasing stochasticity levels, the width of convergence zones increases in accordance with linear law, and the absolute increments grow with the increase of convergence zone number. When the values of a random componentry in the sound-speed field are fixed, the absolute increment of width of the upper convergence zones in the Atlantic Ocean is higher than in the Pacific Ocean. This said, the gradient of a smooth profile of the sound velocity by depth above the axis of hydroacoustic channel is higher in the Atlantic Ocean. Consequently, the absolute increments of width of the convergence zones depend not only on the levels of stochasticity parameters of water environment, yet, also, on the gradient size of smooth profile of the sound speed at depths above the axis of hydroacoustic channel.
On the Pollution of the Atmosphere of the City of Kabul with Fine Dust
Authors: Solovyova T V , Nasimi M H , Tertischnikov I V
Published: June 2019

The article presents new results of many years of research conducted by the national agency of Afghanistan on ecology and environmental protection as well as studies by Russian authors on the assessment of atmospheric air pollution in Kabul. The paper presents data for the spring months (March, April, and May) of 2016. The analysis of information on the quality of atmospheric air in the city of Kabul examining its street-road network and the mining industry located near the city as a source of chemical pollution of the air was performed. A mathematical model of the dependence of the concentration of fine dust (PM10
) on three factors: wind speed, humidity, and temperature for each month has been obtained. For the maximum daily concentration (PM10
), a density function and an integrated distribution function are obtained. A comparative analysis of atmospheric air pollution in the spring months of 2015 and 2016 was performed. It was not possible to obtain a general mathematical model for all three months.
Multiple Regression Model for Determining and Predicting the Viscosity of Crude Oils Mixture
Authors: Baykova L R , Garris N A , Karimova G I
Published: June 2019

The article presents development stages of a reliable multiple regression model for determining and predicting the oils mixture viscosity as a multifactor parameter. On the data of the laboratory experiment, a correlation and regression analysis was performed to select significant factors in the model. A fractional factorial experiment was carried out. A matrix of regression coefficients and a multiple linear regression equation were obtained. Estimation of the model significance has shown that the equation obtained describes empirical data with a high degree of reliability. The conducted studies showed that the known dependencies adequately describe the viscosity of crude oils mixture only when the content of a high-sulfur component is less than 10% or more than 90%. On a wider range of concentrations (20-80%), the viscosity of the mixture becomes a multifactor parameter and is more accurately described by the regression equation. The obtained dependence has a wide field of application in the practice of operating pipelines transporting compounded oil.
Evaluating the Radiation Status of the Environment on the Underground Nuclear Explosion Site Code-Named Tavda
Authors: Skipin L N , Burlaenko V Z
Published: June 2019

This paper analyzes the radiation status of environmental components on the underground nuclear explosion site codenamed Tavda, which is located in the Nizhnetavdinsky District of Tyumen Oblast. This underground nuclear explosion occurred in 1967 and was part of the Program #7 Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy; it is currently one of the sources of radiation pollution in its environment. The authors hereof present the analysis of technogenic radionuclide contamination of soils in the explosion epicenter as well as within 500 meters thereof, which analysis takes into account the horizontal and vertical migration of radionuclides, and the contamination of grassy vegetation with strontium-90 and caesium-137 (measurements were taken at 100 m intervals).

We have found out that the radiation burden is essentially a function of strontium-90 content in the soil. Maximum density of strontium-90 and caesium-137 contamination is observed in deeper soil layers. Technogenic radionuclide contamination is present in naturally growing grass on the Tavda site due to a high concentration of strontium-90 with a mean specific radionuclide activity of 288.33 Bq/kg, while the maximum permissible concentration of this element in natural hay is 180 Bq/kg. The concentration of caesium-137 in collected samples was not found to be in excess of the permissible concentrations.
Analysis of Mine Ventilation Network by 1D FEM: Simulation of Fans and Natural Draught
Authors: Dudar O I , Dudar E S
Published: June 2019

The version of simulating fans in mine ventilation network analysis by using the combination of FEM with the laminar solution method is considered. Two ways of fan insertion are discussed: in the form of a separate active element and in the form of combined element (an active element inserted into a passive element). The latter approach allows changing a position of the fan in a design stage without renumbering of a grid. The method of chords is used to linearize in general nonlinear fan characteristic. It is shown that the dependence of air discharge on the upstream-downstream pressure difference is an ascending curve for the fan. This provides a convergence for the iterative procedure of solving the FEM nonlinear equations system. A method of calculation of convective heat transfer between the air flow and the rock wall based on Lyon’s solution for a pipe with the constant density of boundary heat flow is described. As the density of heat flow and the air properties are slowly varying functions along a mine working (a branch of a network), then discretizing each branch into small segments permits to consider these parameters as constant along segments. Calculation of nonhomogeneous temperature field and treatment of gravity allow modelling the natural draught effect. The results of solution of the test problems validating used algorithms are given. Calculation results of flow mass rate in a mine network within the year are also represented which make it possible to estimate the influence of natural draught on venting capability.
An Experimental Investigation of Electrical and Thermal Performance of Battery Pack for Zero Emission Vehicle
Authors: Sidorov K M , Grishchenko A G
Published: June 2019

A motor transport is a leading cause of the negative ecological situation and the excessive use of non-renewable resources. Increasing the volume of emissions from the operation of internal combustion engines and increasing consumption of hydrocarbon fuel are factors that stimulate the development of electric vehicles which are environmentally friendly and energy efficient. However, today electric vehicles are difficult to counter conventional cars in terms of cost and performance, determined mainly by characteristics and operating modes of traction battery packs. This article considers some topical issues related to the practical implementation of traction battery packs based on lithium-ion cells. The electric and thermal characteristics of the battery pack are considered by the authors in conditions of a discharge mode simulation. This is believed to be a the technical solution for the implementation of a modular battery pack, The present experimental investigations give qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the heat release of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cells and demonstrate the efficiency of the realized passive air cooling. This article partly fills the gap existing with regard to real (experimental) data on temperature conditions and heat release of NMC-cells in battery packs of electric vehicles.
Cloud Service for Sonar Signal Processing
Authors: Kovalenko E O , Sushchenko A A
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, a lot of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV) are created in the Institute of Marine Technology Problem FEB RAS. Most of all include side-scan sonar (SSS) EdgeTechSonar with 32-bit resolution. Robots solve different problems. There are bottom map construction, monitoring of underwater channels, tubes, mineral exploration. Signal processing requires complex numerical resources. Unfortunately, AUV doesn’t solve these problems on the board independently. Real signal requires additional processing. Hence, sonar data is processed in the laboratory. Currently researchers have large databases of AUV. Data processing in the laboratory is inconvenient. If engineer adds additional processing algorithm he changes all local software. In this paper authors use cloud approach for solving this problem. The data from SSS EdgeTechSonar upload directly to the cloud service. Afterwards, user chooses any filter for sonar image processing. The cloud service includes a database of sonar images with its geolocation. Moreover, user uses different filters for image processing. Filters in cloud service are executed with parallel technology for fastest processing. There are 512 parallel processors with mpi-technology and several GPU-processors. Choice of technology depends on filter properties. Authors research some filters for sonar image processing and design special parallel algorithms for each of them.