bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN PLANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Sabirzyanov I.G. , Gabdrakhimov K.M. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Blonskaya L.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The article reports the impact of carbon on the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, the composition of the land Fund of the Republic of Bashkortostan, including the distribution of agricultural land and forest land. Figures of the net carbon captured, lost and the carbon balance in biomass of forest tree species in the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. Carbon behavior pattern in the forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan is described as of 2007 and 2017. Carbon sequestration in plants is calculated including the average plant reserves per unit area in the context of coniferous tree species. Carbon sequestration capacity is identified. The paper presents causes of low carbon flow in the study forests. The age groups of forest stand as well as tree species with higher carbon capture capacity are revealed. In conclusion, the authors come up with measures to increase carbon sequestration and reduce the greenhouse effect in the long term.
PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ANIMALS UNDER THERMAL STRESS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Azhmuldinov E.A. , Chernyshenko Yu.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Titov M.G. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

A study was conducted of the effect of heat stress on the clinical and physiological state of male rabbits at the age of 5 months with an average live weight of 1551 g. The maximum temperature the animals were exposed to during the experiment was +42 °C. The study results showed a decrease in feed intake and an increase in water consumption, which contributed to a decrease in live weight. Hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, total plasma protein, globulins and cholesterol increased during the action of this stress factor. It was found that the effect of high ambient temperatures on rabbits negatively affected their physiological functions; the negative effect was reflected by the morphological and biochemical blood parameters.
VISCERAL PROCAINE BLOCKADE AT GASTROENTERITIS IN CALVES
Authors:   Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, Aldyakov A.V. , Kondruchina S.G. ,   Chuvash State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the use of pathogenetic therapy for peritoneal noninfectious diseases in animals. It was found that visceral procaine blockade at gastroenteritis in calves resulted in minor changes of blood. The results of the complex treatment of gastroenteritis in calves are described: vitamin therapy, intraperitoneal novocaine injections, use of prolonged antibiotics, Bicillinum, Nitox.
ULTRASTRUCTURE AND HEPATOCYTE KARYOCYTOMETRY OF QUAILS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Bronnikova G.Z. , Skovorodin E.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the functional morphology of quail hepatocytes. To conduct the research there was an electron-microscopic examination of quail liver. The structure of the nucleus and nucleolus were quantitatively assessed using objective methods of karyocytometry. Quail hepatocytes are found to have high synthetic activity. Hepatocyte karyocytometry enables to reveal hidden morphological characteristics of the cell ultrastructure being hardly detected under normal qualitative description of electron-diffraction photos. Quail hepatocyte karyocytometry indicates a pronounced structural and functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes. Therefore, electron-microscopic examination using karyocytometric methods is a highly informative method for assessing the morphological and functional state of the body and it should be used in assessing the impact of pharmacological agents on the body.
USING A MARKER-BASED SELECTION IN BREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE OF DIFFERENT BREEDS
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy, Egorashina E.E. , Tamarova R.V. ,   Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

Dependence on imports of main food products remains unchanged in the Russian Federation. Government programms set goals to increase quantity as well as quality of manufactured products. It is possible due to the introduction of a DNA technology into dairy cattle breeding. Reliable genetic markers of a cow protein milk ability are kappa casein and beta-lactoglobulin. We have studied milk proteinpolymorphism, genotype combinations in interconnection with milk ability and breed for the Ayrshire, Holstein and Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows. It was found that in the same conditions and with the balanced feeding differences in milk yield and quantity of fat in milk among breeds are statistically unreliable while in milk protein quantity the difference is highly reliable D ≥ 0,999. There is high occurrence frequency of A kappa casein allele (0,74– 0,93) and low of kappa casein allele B (0,07–0,12), especially in case of the Ayrshire breed. B-allele of beta-lactoglobulin in the genotype of all cows is seen with the frequency of 0,58–0,70, A-allele is average (0,30–0,42). In order to increase the protein milk ability of the cows farms are to use more Ballele kappa-casein servicing bulls. Target breeding according to this characteristic as well as milk yield is also recommended.
STUDY RESULTS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE INTENSITY IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST RABIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND BORDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety, Latfullin D.N. , Akhmadeev R.M. ,   Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety, Miftahov N.R. ,   Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety, Makaev Kh.N. ,   Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety
Published: December 2020

Rabies control programs include preventive immunization of farm and domestic animals, catching stray dogs and cats, oral vaccination of wild animals, and measures to control the number of the wildlife. Rabies in ruminants is a deadlock in the rabies epizootic situation. Rabies in ruminant animals is the result of the epizootic process in wild animals of the area, even if the process is not recorded. The more than doubled decrease in the number of cattle the European part of Russia saw in recent years resulted in a decrease in cases of rabies in these animals. Vaccination forms the animal group that prevents the further spread of infection, and further reduces morbidity. The paper presents the data on the rabies epizootic situation on the territory of Tatarstan in 2018, preventive measures against the epizootic situation among domestic, wild and farm animals. Also, it presents laboratory results of blood 51 DOI: 10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52 Вестник БГАУ / Vestnik BSAU, 2019, № 3 serum samples in the cattle vaccinated against rabies in some areas of Tatarstan and border areas of Bashkortostan. The study results indicate that both regions take effective measures against rabies. The incidence of rabies in farm animals is minimized due to a large number of vaccinated animals, and preventive measures taken against rabies among wild animals. Revaccination of cattle is needed in a number of areas to ensure better protection of animals.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK-AND-WHITE REPLACEMENT HEIFERS DEPENDING ON THE ORIGIN
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Lyubimov A.I. , Isupova Yu.V. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The study analysed absolute, average daily and relative live weight growth indices in replacement of the holstein friesian (black-and-white) heifers for the breeding period. The study was conducted at AO (JSC) «Uchkhoz Iyulskoe Izhevsk state agricultural academy» in Votkinsk district of Udmurt Republic. Also, the study focused on dynamics of body measurements in the young animals of different origin from birth to the age of 12 months. Maintenance and feeding conditions met the physiological requirements. The heifers demonstrated the highest growth indices at the age of 6–9 months. The absolute weight gain was 67,8 kg, the average daily weight gain was 753,5 g. As for the dynamics of body measurements a significant increase was observed up to the age of 6 months. Height measurements increased by an average of 11–15 cm, oblique body length rose by 20 cm, chest measurements increased by 8–30 cm, hip width grew by 9 cm and shank measurements increased by 2 cm on average for the study period. Depending on the origin, it was found that heifers of the lines by R. Sovering and V.B. Ideal had the highest absolute and average daily weight values at the age of 9 months, they were 73,6 kg, 817,3 g and 69,1 kg, 768,2 g, respectively. M. Chiftain’s line heifers showed the lowest growth indices in all of the analysed age periods. Heifers of the line by V.B. Ideal demonstrated the greatest increase in body measurements with age. Up to the age of 6 months, their main body measurements exceeded other line heifers by 6–10 cm. From the age of 9 months, the largest increase in measurements was observed in R. Sovering’ line heifers, these indices were higher by 2–3 cm than in other line heifers.
INFLUENCE OF THE AGE AT THE FIRST INSEMINATION ON THE PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF BLACK AND WHITE AND KHOLMOGORY COWS
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Russkikh T.A. , Bychkova V.A. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The influence of the age at the first fruitful insemination on the productive longevity of the blackand-white and Kholmogory cows in Udmurt republic was analysed. The study results are presented in the paper. The economic use period of the study cows did not have statistical differences and lasted 3,42–3,43 lactation periods. Black-and-white cows exceeded Kholmogory cows in the lifetime milk yield (by 3416,5 kg), fat content in milk (by 0,47 %) and milk amount in terms of basic standards (by 6317,7 kg) (P > 0,999). The optimal age for the first insemination of black-and-white cows can be considered 16–17 months, since insemination at the specified age ensures highest longevity in cows (3,85 lactations) and the highest lifetime milk yield indices (21347,8 kg), also expressed in terms of basic standards (27065,6 kg). Too early insemination of the black-and-white cows (up to 15 months) is not recommended, as it results in the decreased lifetime milk yields (up to 15491,4 kg), fat and protein content and shortens the economic use period of the animals up to 3,33 lactation periods. The lowest longevity (3,07 lactation periods) was observed in the black-and-white cows inseminated at the age of more than 20 months. The Kholmogory cows demonstrated an increase in lifetime milk yields (1084,5 kg (P > 0,95)) and the economic use period (1,05 lactation period (P > 0,999)) when the age of the first insemination was increased. However, as the fat mass ratio in milk decreased (by 0,06 % (P > 0,999)) and the protein mass ratio in milk fell (by 0,02 % (P > 0,999)), the increase in lifetime milk yield in terms of basic standards resulted from the increase in the age of the first insemination has no significant differences.
RARELY USED AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE BASHKIR CIS-URALS
Authors:   South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Anishchenko I.E. , Zhigunov O.Yu. ,   South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute, Ishbirdina L.M. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Two rarely used aromatic species of the Apiaceae family – Silaum silaus and Levisticum officinale in their habitat were studied. Features of their seasonal growth and development rhythm, morphometric indicators were considered, success of the plant introduction was measured. The study was conducted in the South Ural botanical garden. Silaum silaus and Levisticum officinale both have spring aftergrowing at the end of April, budding in the second ten-day period of June; Levisticum officinale starts to blossom in the first ten-day period of July, while Silaum silaus starts to bloom in the second ten-day period of July. The blooming period of both plants averages 35 days. Seeds of Levisticum officinale begin to mature at the end of August, while seeds of Silaum silaus start ripening in the middle of September. In comparison to the second species Levisticum officinale features higher rates in height and stalk thickness, however, the plant forms three times fewer bottom leaves and generative shoots. Morphological indicators have standard variation rates (from 1,4 to 19,7 %). The introduction of Silaum silaus and Levisticum officinale revealed that in the Bashkir Cis-Urals the plants complete the development cycle, that is, blossom, give yield, set full seeds. The study plants can be recommended for use as raw materials in food production, cooking and alcoholic beverage production.
DAIRY INDUSTRY IN KRASNODAR TERRITORY: ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University, Taranenko V.A. , Kosnikov S.N. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Krasnodar territory is a key supplier of livestock products. The share of the livestock industry is 26 % of the gross agricultural production of Krasnodar Territory. The dairy industry should maximize the achievements of both veterinary and animal sciences, as well as of advanced forms, methods, techniques and management technology. The main factor hindering the high efficiency of the industry is the high costs associated with transporting dairy products. The problem can be solved through developing autonomous modular workshops on dairy farms. The proper use of the workshop can lengthen the service life of the equipment up to 12 to 13 years. The modular workshop contains the necessary equipment for launch and installation of facilities, which is included in the project cost. The farm will need relatively little investment to introduce a mini-plant for milk processing. The advantage of this project is that it is suitable for enterprises with different levels of income. The project implementation will reduce the milk processing and packaging costs and actively place dairy products on the market.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LINEAR ELECTRIC DRIVE OF THE DOUBLE-BREED CUTTING MACHINE OF THE GRAIN COMBINE HEADER
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Aipov R.S. , Leontiev D.S. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Kabashov V.Yu. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the development and research in the work of an experimental installation of an electric drive of a two-blade cutting apparatus of a combine harvester harvester. The layout of the combine harvester elements is given, the cutting apparatus of which is supplied with electric drive based on two-sided flat linear asynchronous motors. The kinematic diagram of the linear electric drive of the cutting apparatus was compiled, its efficiency was evaluated in laboratory conditions. It was revealed that for efficient operation of the cutting apparatus, the operation of drive induction motors in the mode of forced oscillations is preferable. This eliminates the position sensors and it is possible to adjust the parameters of the oscillations of the knife strips according to the technological process of cutting. A study was also made of the linear electric drive of the cutting apparatus of the combine harvester in field conditions. For this purpose, a thyristor switching and control unit for linear asynchronous electric motors, designed and tested under laboratory conditions, which allows optimally adjusting the parameters of the oscillating process of knife strips for specific harvesting conditions, was connected to a mobile diesel generator set. In this case, the time dependences of the currents of inductors of two-sided flat linear asynchronous motors and the amplitude of oscillations of the blade strips of the cutting apparatus were experimentally obtained. When comparing the current consumed by inductors of linear motors by the maximum amplitude and pulse duration, it was concluded that when the linear electric drive of the cutting unit operates in a steady state, the current difference is no more than 8,8 % compared to the previously obtained theoretical data. The combination of the experimental time dependence of the oscillation amplitude of the knife strips of the cutting apparatus with the theoretical one allows us to conclude that the difference in the amplitude of oscillations does not go beyond 8,4 %. All this testifies to the adequacy of the previously obtained mathematical model.
SAIFI AND SAIDI INDICATIVE RELIABILITY FIGURES OF RURAL ELECTRIC NETWORKS WITH SMART ISLAND RECLOSERS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Andrianova L.P. , Kabashov V.Yu. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Khairislamov D.S. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper describes principles of improving the reliability of rural distribution networks of 6–35 kV based on smart switching devices, reclosers with specialized integrated controllers. The typical places to install reclosers for the radial and ring feeders are shown. They are mounted when a new consumer is connected and balance membership is delimited. It is also done to identify a responsible consumer with an indicated connection diagrams. The choice of the optimal number of reclosers for the radial and ring feeders according to indicative figures RNRE and ARAE, characterizing the relative efficiency of network reconstruction by reducing the number of consumer outages per year, and the average investment efficiency in network reconstruction when installing reclosers, is justified. There is presented a method to find SAIFI and SAIDI indicative reliability figures that characterize the average annual number of customer disconnections and the average annual duration of one disconnection in the electrical network.
SUBSTATIATION OF THE WORKING FLUID TEMPERATURE WHEN TESTING DIESEL INJECTORS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Negovora A.V. , Magafurov R.G. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Nizamutdinov A.I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

This paper substantiates the permissible temperature limits of the working fluid when testing diesel fuel equipment. The normative and technical documentation does not indicate the optimum temperature of the working fluid during the test. The results are confirmed by experimental data obtained on a device developed by the authors for evaluating the injection characteristics. The developed device was based on the method of fuel injection into a long pipeline. The tests revealed the effect of fuel temperature on the performance of diesel fuel equipment. Also, the tests proved that in order to obtain reliable indicators when diagnosing diesel fuel equipment it is necessary to stably maintain the operating temperature of the device in the range of 60 ± 5 °С.
EFFICIENCY OF PLANT IRRADIATION IN PROTECTED GROUND STRUCTURES
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Galiullin R.R. , Aipov R.S. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Yarullin R.B. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The advantage of LED lamps over conventional means of plant irradiation is described. An analytic expression is proposed to determine the relationship between LED lamp characteristics and plant parameters such as the stem growth and biomass. The formula also identifies the plant growth phase, which is crucial in development of automated energy-saving LED irradiation facilities for greenhouses.
INVESTIGATION INTO PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC SAND USED FOR COWSHED FLOORING
Authors:   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Dorodov P.V. , Kudrin M.R. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Kostin A.V. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Nikolaev V.A. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

Physical and mechanical properties of the polymeric sand used as floor covering in cattle stalls were investigated. Samples of the polymeric sand were tested under static and dynamic stress, an impact test was done, mechanical characteristics were measured, and the material structural efficiency was evaluated. The polymeric sand tile appeared strong, reliable and durable material. The study material exhibited viscoelasticity. The polymeric sand samples demonstrated impact viscosity in the range 242,3– 548,3 kJ/m2 . The figure was 3,5–13,7 times higher than that of gray cast iron and was comparable with some classes of carbon structural steel. Mechanical properties of the polymeric sand were analysed. The characteristics revealed in the analysis can be used in dimensioning and designing products made from polymeric sand under various strength indices.
EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF RAIN-FED SLOPING LAND IN THE SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF THE ROSTOV REGION BY THE INNOVATIVE CHISEL PLOW ГНЧ-0,6M
Authors:   South-Russian State Polytechnic University, Mikhaylin A.A. , Maksimov V.P. ,   South-Russian State Polytechnic University
Published: December 2020

The modeling of the events of moisture transfer in the soil uses the concept of porosity, which directly depends on the density and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The creation of the necessary conditions for water permeability is possible by the relevant working bodies due to the mechanical crumbling of the over-compacted horizons into soil lumps of the appropriate size. An integral indicator of the economic functions of the soil is the biological productivity – yield, which is determined mainly by the use of different types of reclamation. In this case, there is a reclamation of reclaimed slope land, which after loosening receives a new evolution and the possibility of implementing new technological processes providing a global goal of increasing yields. The estimates of the effectiveness of different methods of soil treatment are given. The content of soil-reclamation agricultural engineering on the basis of soil loosening is considered. The data of experimental studies of innovative deep-loosener ГНЧ-0,6M, including comparative indicators of yield of spring barley on slope lands after tillage by the proposed device and prototype are shown. As a result of the studies of the aftereffect of deep loosening to a depth of 60 cm, it was found that in order to maintain a high yield of crops, in climatic and soil conditions of the venue, reclamation measures for deep loosening to a depth of 0,6 m should be carried out once every two years.
PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF A LINEAR ELECTRIC DRIVE IN THE GRAIN CLEANING MACHINE
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Yarullin R.B. , Tuktarov M.F. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Badretdinov I.D. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Fefelova S.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Baynazarov V.G. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper describes a procedure for determining operational reliability of a linear electric drive in the grain cleaning machine. The technique was based on the existing theory of reliability using the Microsoft Excel (ME) computer program. The grain cleaning machine operation was observed and the data were presented in line with the national standard GOST 24055-2016. Agricultural machinery. Methods of operational and technological assessment. The number of failures for the time interval and the number of failures for the entire operational period of the grain cleaning machine were revealed. The empirical probability of failures for the midpoint of the interval was calculated, the empirical reliability function was determined using graphs describing the probability of failure-free operation plotted in the ME program. Periods of failures and emergency failures of the separate components and the machine were predicted. Thanks to the procedure negative consequences, emergency cases could be prevented thereby reducing economic losses and increasing the lifespan of the machine.
SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF NO-TILL FARMING IN THE ARID STEPPE OF ORENBURG REGION
Authors:   Orenburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bakirov F.G.
Published: December 2020

The article provides theoretical substantiation for yield increase through more efficient use of the most fertile topsoil layer in field crop cultural practices in the arid steppe. The paper used findings of the stationary and field experiments conducted on the soils of the southern Orenburg Region as a basis for the study. Giving up plowing practices and use of low-till and no till methods in crop rotation for 12 years resulted in differentiation of the arable horizon into strata with a more fertile upper layer similar to virgin soils. Humus increased by 18 %, nitrate nitrogen rose by 15 % compared to the tilled layer, and the figures increased by 17 % and 45 %, respectively, with a layer of 20–30 cm. The conventional cultural practices do not use this layer as it tends to dry out and no roots are found in it. This disrupts effective use of precipitation (no more than 5– 7 mm) during the growing season. A technology ensuring water infiltration into soil (2–8 cm) is needed for developing a secondary root system in grain crops and side shoots in root crops. This will increase grain yield by 0,7–1,0 t/ha and improve root crop yields significantly.
ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS OF CANABIS SATIVA L. VARIETIES CULTIVATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Authors:   Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, Dimitriev V.L. , Shashkarov L.G. ,   Chuvash State Agricultural Academy, Lozhkin A.G. ,   Chuvash State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The article considers the prospects of introduction of new elements of hemp cultivation technology in order to accelerate the production of seeds and increase the yield of stems, seeds and fiber. It is revealed that the forced reproduction of seeds of hemp varieties should be organized at the following optimal parameters of the basic elements of agricultural cultivation and seed production: in the nursery of primordial seeds with a wide-row sowing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 0,3 million/ha and decapitation of plants in the phase of 3 pairs of leaves; on the site of original seeds with a wide-row sowing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 0,6 million/ha and decapitation of plants in the phase 3 pairs of leaves; on elite crops with a wide-row sowing seeding rate of 0,9 million/ha and decapitation of plants in the phase of 3 pairs of leaves; on reproductive crops with wide-row sowing 45 cm with a seeding rate of 1,2 million/ha and decapitation of plants in the phase of 3 pairs of leaves.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FOR INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND LABOR PROTECTION IN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Novikov N.N. , Mitrofanov S.V. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Sorokin N.T. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Grachev N.N. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Nikitin V.S. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Varfolomeeva M.M. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture, Denisova M.E. ,   Institute of Technical Provision of Agriculture
Published: December 2020

The methodology, technique and model of complex assessment of ecological danger and labor protection in agricultural production, which were the basis for creation of a package of programs of digital technology of this process for use by farms in practical activity, are developed on the basis of long-term researches. The program package includes the following blocks: assessment of soil and product contamination by pesticides; assessment of soil and product contamination by heavy metals; assessment of hazard class of waste and by-products; assessment of working conditions in the workplace; assessment of ecological culture and culture of labor protection of workers and the population; assessment of the level of investment in labor protection, environment and environmentally safe products; assessment of the impact of mineral fertilizers on the environment; assessment of the load of cattle on pastures and the ratio of stabilizing and destabilizing factors. The software product developed in accordance with the model of integrated assessment of the environmental and occupational safety, held a pilot production testing in JSC «Malinischi» in Pronsky district of the Ryazan region, in which deviations from the risk indicators from criterion values were determined. On the basis of the obtained data, measures to reduce the impact of negative factors on the environment are developed.
SOIL EROSION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: A HISTORICAL REVIEW, MODERN STATE AND PROSPECTS OF FURTHER STUDIES
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shamshurina E.N. , Komissarov M.A. ,   Ufa Institute of biology, Zhidkin A.P. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2020

The article present a literature review of soil erosion studies at the Republic of Bashkortostan. The history of soil erosion development in the region is described. The data of soil losses in different climatic zones of republic during different erosion events (snow melting, rainfall, irrigation and deflation) and time intervals are shown. The analysis of articles based on study of erosion-accumulation processes was carried out and recommendations for using of modern methods were given.
ON COMPETITIVENESS OF THE PEDUNCULATE OAK IN BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Yanbaev R.Yu. , Khismatullin M.R. ,   Bashkir State University, Yanbaeva V.Yu. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Odintsov G.E. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The results of a comparative analysis of the height and density of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and small-leafed linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), growing in the low mountains of the western macro slope of the South Ural Mountains, are presented. The study was conducted out in a floodplain oak forest with a composition of 80 % (oak) and 20 % (linden) and a density of 0,4 in windows of the canopy. The shoots and self-seeding of both species were not revealed. The projective cover of plants in all 7 trial plots is close to 100 %. Small (up to 0,5 m) and medium (0,51–1,5 m) undergrowth prevails. The oak dominates in most cases – its share on a 10- point scale is 7,4 ± 0,5 (coefficient of variation 18,3 %), compared with linden (2,4 ± 0,6, 58,9 %). The average height of the oak undergrowth is 64,6 ± 1,2 cm with changes from 20 to 140 cm (coefficient of variation 38,7 %). The growth of linden was almost 1,5 times higher (101,6 ± 1,9 cm), but it varies less (30–175 cm and 27,7 %). Differences in height between the two species are statistically significant (p < 0,001). The oak renewed more abundantly (12,4 ± 2,6 plants per square meter, 1,0 to 18,0 pcs, coefficient of variation 51,8 %) than linden (6,5 ± 1,9 cm, 0,25–13,4 pcs, 72,7 %). Plants with a developmental delay during the reversal and dying off of the main stem were not found. Smallleaved linden, which plays the role of «sod» at the first stage of his life, is currently beginning to inhibit the growth of young oak. The restoration of oak forests under these conditions is impossible without the forestry help (thinning).
GENETIC STRUCTURE OF CATTLE BREEDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN BY ANTIGENIC ERYTHROCYTE FACTORS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Valitov F.R. , Dolmatova I.Yu. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Jumagusin I.F. ,   Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the genetic structure of antigenic erythrocyte factors of dairy, dairy-meat and meat breeds of cattle bred in breeding farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The data on the level of genetic variability and immunogenetic similarity of the studied breeding groups of animals were obtained. It was found that all breeds have a high concentration of antigens F, A2, H', C2, Z and a low concentration of antigens G1, J2', U". In the studied sample of cows there are no two antigenic factors – G' and B' in cows of Limousine breed. In general, genetic similarity indices between breeds range from 0,790 to 0,937. At the same time, planned breeds (Black-mottled, Simmental and Bestuzhevskaya), bred on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan for a long time, regardless of whether they are dairy or combined directions of productivity, are closer in genetic relation to each other and are approximately equidistant from each other. The lowest immunogenetic similarity was found between breeds of meat productivity direction. The greatest number of antigens found in the blood of animals Simmental and Bestuzhevskaya breeds from 12,2 to 12,0, respectively. The average number of antigenic erythrocyte factors in animals of meat breeds is about the same as in black-and – white cows (9,0–10,8). Thus, it can be stated that the studied breeds of cattle of Bashkortostan formed their own unique allelofund antigenic erythrocyte factors of blood, which characterizes their originality, associated not only with the intensity of use of producers of different origin, but also the processes that contribute to the possibility of adaptation of animals in specific environmental conditions.
EEFECT OF SUBTILIN OINTMENT ON MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WOUND HEALING IN RABBITS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gimranov V.V. , Giniyatullin I.T. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

The paper studies the effect of applying probiotics based Subtilin ointment on morphological indicators of the experimental wound healing in rabbits. The study showed that 3 days after traumatic skin damage and applying Subtilin ointment tissue necrosis was found on the tissue specimen. Marked cell infiltration in interfascicular spaces and swollen collagen fibers were found deep in the skin. The wound surface was covered with a thick fibrin and tissue crust. On day 7 active regeneration of the epithelium proliferating under the crust was observed. Native granulation tissue formed under the newly formed epithelium. On day 14 epithelization and granulation processes resulted in forming fibrous connective tissue. The fibrous collagen elements of the new tissue thickened, formed bundles and prevailed over the cellular elements, fibroblasts. On day 21 the epidermis formed layers (stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum corneum). The connective tissue had a developed capillary network, tissues under the regenerating area had regular structure but contained regenerating hair follicles. On day 28 epithelization was completed and two types of regenerated connective tissue formed. The first type was fibrous connective tissue made up of thin bundles of collagen fibers where fibroblastic cells and thin-wall capillaries were found. The second type of regenerated connective tissue was similar to regular connective tissue in structure. By that time only appendages of the skin such as hair sheaths sebaceous and sudoriferous glands could not fully regenerate. Thus, application of Subtilin ointment for treating experimental skin wounds in rabbits relieves signs of inflammation, accelerates complete epithelization of the wound on day 28, and forms native granulation tissue under the epithelium that gradually matures to regenerated connective tissue. The structure of the regenerated connective tissue is similar to that of regular connective tissue.
DETERMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE AND TOXICO-BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PRODUCTS OF SLAUGHTER IN FASCIOLIASIS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Popov P.A. , Osipova I.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine
Published: December 2020

Among helminth infections, fascioliasis is most prevalent in the Russian Federation, especially in the Central Federal district. In connection with free grazing near water bodies in spring and summer, the number of cases increases, however, fascioliasis may be chronic in nature, generalizing in the ducts of the biliary tract, destroying the liver. In a comparative aspect, the degree of invasion presents the results of laboratory experiments to determine the biological value and possible liver toxicity by an invasive fasciola using the express method for assessing toxico-biological parameters using the Tetrachimena pyrimiformis test culture (strain WH14). In laboratory experiments, it was established on test organisms in ciliates that with a high degree of invasion in the liver of cattle, accumulations of substances that negatively affect Terakhin occur.
FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BULLS OF GALLOWAY BREEDS IN ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE TOMSK REGION
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Fakhrutdinova R.Sh. , Afonina I.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Haag A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Kinsfator O.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Chudinova Yu.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

In a comparative aspect, the indicators of the level of live weight, the exterior of the breeding bull calves of the Galloway breed were studied. In all periods of growth, animals K(F)X «Letyazhye» were ahead of their peers from other enterprises in terms of live weight, their superiority was also noted in exterior parameters. Towards the end of the experiment, the bulls K(F)X «Letyazhye» outperformed their peers from OOO «Spas» by 14 kg (P ≤ 0,05), or 2,9 %, K(F)X «Sinitsyn» by 18 kg (P ≤ 0,05), or 3,7 %, and the animals of enterprises K(F)X «Dodger» – by 83 kg (P ≤ 0,05), or 17,2 %. The depth of the chest of the bulls K(F)X «Letyazhye» was greater than that of the animals of ООО «Spas» – 1,9 cm (P ≤ 0,05), or 2,93 %, K(F)X «Dodger» – by 5,1 cm (P ≤ 0,05), or 7,9 %, К(Ф)X «Sinitsyn» – by 1,0 cm (P ≤ 0,01), or 1,5 %; chest girth behind the shoulder blades – 4,0 cm (P ≤ 0,01) or 2,23 %, 25,0 (P ≤ 0,01) cm, or 13,97 %, 19,0 cm (P ≤ 0 ,01), or 10,61 % respectively.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIVER OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN USING NUKLEOSTIM
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Dolinin I.R. , Bazekin G.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Skovorodin E.N. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Chudov I.V. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Lebedeva A.I. ,   All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery
Published: December 2020

The poultry industry plays a significant role in providing the population with high-quality food products. According to the literature, biostimulants have a beneficial effect on the body of animals and birds. Therefore, the search for effective biological products is relevant. The article presents the results of studies of the use of a biological stimulator nucleostim when growing broiler chickens of the cross POCC-308. Particular attention is paid to morphological characteristics of broiler chicken liver, as well as the effect of the biostimulator nucleostimulator on the liver at the cellular level. Histological and immunohistochemical studies have shown that the biological stimulant nucleostim optimizes the structure of the liver, prevents the development of disorders of cellular metabolic mechanisms in the organ which leads to the development of structural changes.
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BASHKIR HONEY
Authors:   Institute of Geology, Kurmanov R.G.
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the results of the first comprehensive analysis of Bashkir honey. Qualitative and quantitative palynological (pollen), organoleptic and physicochemical analyses described properties of 30 honey samples selected from 22 districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The qualitative pollen analysis found that most of the samples belonged to monofloral honey. Linden honey prevailed among the samples. Sunflower and buckwheat honey varieties were also common. The analysis found single samples of Viper's Bugloss, Melitot, rapeseed, Cirsium, Bird's foot, polyfloral, and honeydew honey types. The quantitative palynological analysis confirmed the results of qualitative analysis in most cases. Mismatches in honey varieties with underrepresented pollen (Cirsium and Carduus types of honey) were revealed. Also, the analysis found features inherent in several samples of Bashkir linden and buckwheat honey. The features are associated with an increased concentration of plant elements in their composition (64 500–74 600 and 26 500, respectively). The organoleptic analysis reduced the number of monofloral honey samples from 26 to 18. In 8 cases, small admixtures of honey with the characteristic properties affected the samples' quality. Organoleptic characteristics of linden honey were also revealed in honey samples with a low proportion of Linden pollen in the pollen spectrum (6 %). The physical and chemical analysis confirmed the botanical origin of linden, buckwheat, Viper's Bugloss, and honeydew honey samples. The study revealed that quite often, even small admixtures of certain types of honey (linden, buckwheat) had a positive effect on the sample's physical and chemical parameters. Heat treatment was established in half of the sunflower honey samples. The complete analysis results provide the basis for identifying characteristics of premium varieties of Bashkir linden and buckwheat honey. These varieties demonstrate an increased proportion of pollen from the honeybee plants and a high plant element concentration.
MONITORING OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION AND RABIES VACCINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Miftakhov N.R. , Akhmadeev R.M. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nasyrov Sh.M. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Samerkhanov I.I. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety
Published: December 2020

Currently, the rabies situation remains grave in the Russian federation. Almost all country regions face the activation of natural rabies foci. The number of disease cases among wild carnivores is growing, and domestic and farm animals are getting infected. Insufficient anti-rabies vaccination of animals and poor vaccine effectiveness control are the reasons behind the high incidence rate. Rabies control involves preventive immunization of farm and domestic animals, catching stray dogs and cats, oral vaccination of wild animals, and wildlife management measures. The paper describes the epizootic situation of rabies in the Republic of Tatarstan from 2010 to 2020. The study revealed a correlation be-tween incidence cases with preventive measures. The obtained data indicate that since 2016, rabies' epizootic situation has dramatically changed for the better in the Republic of Tatarstan. The change is due to timely quarantine and veterinary preventive measures. The incidence of rabies among farm animals has been minimized. Also, as the number of vaccinated livestock and domestic (cats and dogs) animals, as well as wild animals, increased 2,9 fold over the past years, the Republic of Tatarstan has managed to reach a significant immunisation level, thus preventing the spread of the disease and reducing the incidence of rabies.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF BULLS-SIRES
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Research Agricultural Institute, Rudenko O.V. , Almohammad A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2020

The article presents data on the influence of the month of the year on the quality indicators of sperm production of bulls. The studies were conducted on Holstein, Black-and-White, Brown Swiss, and Hereford bulls at the age of 2–6 years in LLC «Nizhegorodskoe» on breeding work. The statistically significant influence of the month on sperm concentration, activity, and the volume of the ejaculate was established. In most bulls, the sperm concentration in the ejaculate in the winter and early spring was reduced; in the summer months, it increased, reaching a maximum in June – 0,886 ± 0,029 billion/ml. The influence of the month of the year on the sperm concentration was 28,18 %. Changes in the sperm concentration in the Hereford breed are not subject to seasonal influences. The average volume of ejaculate for all bulls at the beginning of the year was relatively high – 7,69–8,45 ml. However, in June, there was a sharp decrease in volume to 5,72 ± 0,213 ml, and in the following months, we saw a gradual increase in volume, the influence of month of the year on the ejaculate volume was 19,73 %. The sperm activity at the beginning of the year was not great – 5,98 ± 0,136 points, in March, there was an increase to 6,33 ± 0,126 points, and in July to 6,47 ± 0,121 points, this period was characterized by maximum activity. After July, there was a decrease in the activity, and in December, it reached the level of 5,95 ± 0,154 points. The influence of the month of the year on sperm activity was 6,36 %. Thus, the best indicators of sperm production of bulls were established in the summer period; despite the decrease in the volume of ejaculates in bulls of all studied breeds, the high sperm concentration and activity allowed to reduce the marriage of native seed and increase the number of frozen sperm doses.
EFFECT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING THE VEGETATION PERIOD ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAIN SORGHUM
Authors:   Luhansk National Agrarian University, Baranovskiy A.V. , Kosogova T.M. ,   Luhansk National Agrarian University, Sadovoy A.S. ,   Luhansk National Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Global warming is currently having a measurable effect on Earth, so the process is bringing about significant changes in weather conditions during the vegetation period of the main field crops. This is true for the arid steppe conditions of the Donbass territory. The authors conducted a field experiment to evaluate climatic factors' effect on the productivity of various early maturing grain sorghum hybrids on ordinary chernozem in Luhansk National Agrarian university's experimental field 2015–2019. The study obtained the strongest direct correlation between the yield of hybrids and the amount of precipitation for April – September (r = 0,84–0,99) or only correlated with precipitation for August (r = 0,75–0,98). A moderate and high correlation was found between the yield of hybrids and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for April – September (r = 0,53–0,89) and a high correlation with the HTC for August (r = 0,67–0,99). The average monthly air temperature in summer did not show a significant correlation with the sorghum yield. The crop yield had an average (r = 0,52–0,66) and strong (r = 0,90) direct correlation with the mass of 1000 grains, a strong correlation (r = 0,92) with the height of plants, and a strong correlation (r = 0,76–0,99) with the duration of the vegetational season of sorghum. The early-maturing hybrid Yankee and the medium-early maturing hybrid Puma Star showed the closest correlation between the sorghum crop and the amount of precipitation for August (r = 0,91–0,98) and the Selyaninov HTC for August (r = 0,87–0,99). In 2015–2019, the Puma Star hybrid demonstrated the highest grain yield, significantly higher than other hybrids (56,5–77,6 C/ha), due to the higher grain weight obtained from the panicle (42,5–49,8 g) and the weight of 1000 grains (21,8–28,2 g). The Puma Star hybrid showed an extreme dependence of the yield on the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0,96 ± 0,01).