bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Body Composition in the Two Years after Initiation of Haemodialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Keane David , Gardiner Claire , Lindley Elizabeth , Lines Simon , Woodrow Graham , Wright Mark
Published: November 2016

Malnutrition is common in haemodialysis (HD) and is linked to poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe changes in body composition after the initiation of HD and investigate whether any routinely collected parameters were associated with these changes. The study cohort came from the HD population of a single centre between 2009 and 2014. Body composition measurements were obtained from a database of bioimpedance results using the Body Composition Monitor (BCM), while demographics and laboratory values came from the renal unit database. Primary outcomes were changes in normohydration weight, lean tissue mass and adipose tissue mass over the two years after HD initiation. A total of 299 patients were included in the primary analyses, showing an increase in adipose tissue, loss of lean tissue and no significant change in normohydration weight. None of the routinely collected parameters were associated with the lean tissue changes. Loss of lean tissue over the first year of dialysis was associated with increased mortality. The results showing loss of lean tissue that is not limited to those traditionally assumed to be at high risk supports interventions to maintain or improve lean tissue as soon as possible after the initiation of HD. It highlights the importance of monitoring nutrition and the potential for routine use of bioimpedance.
The Effects of Spatiotemporal Changes in Land Degradation on Ecosystem Services Values in Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Yan Fengqin , Zhang Shuwen , Liu Xingtu , Chen Dan , Chen Jing , Bu Kun , Yang Jiuchun , Chang Liping
Published: November 2016

Sanjiang Plain has undergone dramatic land degradation since the 1950s, which has caused negative effects on ecosystems services and sustainability. In this study, we used trajectory analysis as well as the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and relative land use suitability index (R) to analyze spatiotemporal changes of land degradation from 1954 to 2013 and to make a preliminary estimation of the role of human activities in observed environmental changes using a five-stage LULC data. This study also explored the effect of land degradation on the values and structure of ecosystem services. Our results indicated that more than 70% of marsh area originally present in the study area has been lost, whereas less than 30% was preserved. Dry farmland and paddy increased rapidly at the expense of marsh, forest and grassland. Land use structure became more unsuitable during the past 60 years. Compared with natural factors, human activities played a dominant role (89.67%) in these changes. This dramatic land degradation caused the significant loss of ecosystem services values and the changes in the structure of ecosystem services. These results confirmed the effectiveness of combining temporal trajectory analysis, the Lorenz curve/Gini coefficient and the R index in analyzing spatiotemporal changes in progressive land degradation. Also, these findings highlight the necessity of separating dry farmland from paddy when studying land degradation changes and the effects on ecosystem services in regions where dry farmland has often been converted to paddy.
Dicotyledon Weed Quantification Algorithm for Selective Herbicide Application in Maize Crops
Authors: Laursen Morten , Jørgensen Rasmus , Midtiby Henrik , Jensen Kjeld , Christiansen Martin , Giselsson Thomas , Mortensen Anders , Jensen Peter
Published: November 2016

The stricter legislation within the European Union for the regulation of herbicides that are prone to leaching causes a greater economic burden on the agricultural industry through taxation. Owing to the increased economic burden, research in reducing herbicide usage has been prompted. High-resolution images from digital cameras support the studying of plant characteristics. These images can also be utilized to analyze shape and texture characteristics for weed identification. Instead of detecting weed patches, weed density can be estimated at a sub-patch level, through which even the identification of a single plant is possible. The aim of this study is to adapt the monocot and dicot coverage ratio vision (MoDiCoVi) algorithm to estimate dicotyledon leaf cover, perform grid spraying in real time, and present initial results in terms of potential herbicide savings in maize. The authors designed and executed an automated, large-scale field trial supported by the Armadillo autonomous tool carrier robot. The field trial consisted of 299 maize plots. Half of the plots (parcels) were planned with additional seeded weeds; the other half were planned with naturally occurring weeds. The in-situ evaluation showed that, compared to conventional broadcast spraying, the proposed method can reduce herbicide usage by 65% without measurable loss in biological effect.
An Arrival and Departure Time Predictor for Scheduling Communication in Opportunistic IoT
Authors: Pozza Riccardo , Georgoulas Stylianos , Moessner Klaus , Nati Michele , Gluhak Alexander , Krco Srdjan
Published: November 2016

In this article, an Arrival and Departure Time Predictor (ADTP) for scheduling communication in opportunistic Internet of Things (IoT) is presented. The proposed algorithm learns about temporal patterns of encounters between IoT devices and predicts future arrival and departure times, therefore future contact durations. By relying on such predictions, a neighbour discovery scheduler is proposed, capable of jointly optimizing discovery latency and power consumption in order to maximize communication time when contacts are expected with high probability and, at the same time, saving power when contacts are expected with low probability. A comprehensive performance evaluation with different sets of synthetic and real world traces shows that ADTP performs favourably with respect to previous state of the art. This prediction framework opens opportunities for transmission planners and schedulers optimizing not only neighbour discovery, but the entire communication process.
Strain Measurement in Aluminium Alloy during the Solidification Process Using Embedded Fibre Bragg Gratings
Authors: Weraneck Klaus , Heilmeier Florian , Lindner Markus , Graf Moritz , Jakobi Martin , Volk Wolfram , Roths Johannes , Koch Alexander
Published: November 2016

In recent years, the observation of the behaviour of components during the production process and over their life cycle is of increasing importance. Structural health monitoring, for example of carbon composites, is state-of-the-art research. The usage of Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs) in this field is of major advantage. Another possible area of application is in foundries. The internal state of melts during the solidification process is of particular interest. By using embedded FBGs, temperature and stress can be monitored during the process. In this work, FBGs were embedded in aluminium alloys in order to observe the occurring strain. Two different FBG positions were chosen in the mould in order to compare its dependence. It was shown that FBGs can withstand the solidification process, although a compression in the range of one percent was measured, which is in agreement with the literature value. Furthermore, different lengths of the gratings were applied, and it was shown that shorter gratings result in more accurate measurements. The obtained results prove that FBGs are applicable as sensors for temperatures up to 740 °C.
Analytical Study on Multi-Tier 5G Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks: Coverage Performance and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Xiao Zhu , Liu Hongjing , Havyarimana Vincent , Li Tong , Wang Dong
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we investigate the coverage performance and energy efficiency of multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) which are composed of macrocells and different types of small cells, i.e., picocells and femtocells. By virtue of stochastic geometry tools, we model the multi-tier HetNets based on a Poisson point process (PPP) and analyze the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) via studying the cumulative interference from pico-tier and femto-tier. We then derive the analytical expressions of coverage probabilities in order to evaluate coverage performance in different tiers and investigate how it varies with the small cells’ deployment density. By taking the fairness and user experience into consideration, we propose a disjoint channel allocation scheme and derive the system channel throughput for various tiers. Further, we formulate the energy efficiency optimization problem for multi-tier HetNets in terms of throughput performance and resource allocation fairness. To solve this problem, we devise a linear programming based approach to obtain the available area of the feasible solutions. System-level simulations demonstrate that the small cells’ deployment density has a significant effect on the coverage performance and energy efficiency. Simulation results also reveal that there exits an optimal small cell base station (SBS) density ratio between pico-tier and femto-tier which can be applied to maximize the energy efficiency and at the same time enhance the system performance. Our findings provide guidance for the design of multi-tier HetNets for improving the coverage performance as well as the energy efficiency.
Benzotriazole-Mediated Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel N-Acylcephalexins
Authors: Agha Khalid , Abo-Dya Nader , Ibrahim Tarek , Abdel-Aal Eatedal , Hegazy Wael
Published: November 2016

Cephalexin (1) was acylated using N-acylbenzotriazoles (3a–k′) derived from various carboxylic acids including aromatic, heterocyclic and N-Pg-α-amino acid to afford N-acylcephalexins in excellent yields (82%–96%). Antibacterial screening of the novel cephalosporins revealed that all targets (4a–j) retained the antibacterial activity of cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). N-Nicotinylcephalexin (4c) and N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)cephalexin (4g) exhibited a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity towards standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Paenibacillus polymyxa (ATCC 842), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536) as well as a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853).
The Study of Structure—Analgesic Activity Relationships in a Series of 4-Hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic Acid Toluidides and Xylidides
Authors: Ukrainets Igor , Petrushova Lidiya , Sidorenko Lyudmila , Davidenko Alexandra , Duchenko Marina
Published: November 2016

In continuing the search for new analgesics among derivatives of 2,1-benzothiazines, a series of corresponding toluidides and xylidides of 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid has been synthesized by the reaction of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate with equimolar amounts of mono- and dimethyl-substituted anilides in boiling dry xylene. Their structure has been confirmed by the data of elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1Н and 13С), as well as mass spectrometry. All compounds obtained were subjected to pharmacological screening to identify their analgesic properties. Testing was carried out in male rats using the standard model of the thermal tail-flick (tail immersion test) in parallel and in comparison with the structurally related drugs meloxicam and piroxicam. Among the substances studied, highly active oral painkillers have been found; they exceed the analgesic effect of the reference drugs using the same dose. Interesting structural and biological regularities have been described; they will be useful in further research on creating promising new analgesics based on 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamides.
Synthesis, Structure, and Analgesic Properties of Halogen-Substituted 4-Hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilides
Authors: Ukrainets Igor , Petrushova Lidiya , Shishkina Svitlana , Sidorenko Lyudmila , Sim Galina , Kryvanych Olga
Published: November 2016

As potential new analgesics, the corresponding 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilides have been obtained by amidation of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxylate with aniline and its halogenated analogsin boiling dry xylene. The peculiarities of the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (1Н and 13С) spectra of the synthesized compounds are discussed. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, the ability of the compounds to form stable solvates with N,N-dimethylformamide has been shown on the example of 4-bromo-substituted derivative. It should be further studied to be considered in their crystallization. According to the results of the pharmacological testing conducted on the model of the thermal tail-flick (tail immersion test) among halogen-substituted 4-hydroxy-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilides, substances which are considerably superior to meloxicam and piroxicam by their analgesic activity have been found. They are of interest for further profound studies.
Development and Validation of Miglitol and Its Impurities by RP-HPLC and Characterization Using Mass Spectrometry Techniques
Authors: Balakumaran Kesavan , Janagili Mosesbabu , Rajana Nagaraju , Papureddy Sureshbabu , Anireddy Jayashree
Published: November 2016

Alpha glucoside inhibitors used to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are likely to be safe and effective. These agents are most effective for postprandial hyperglycemia. Miglitol is a type of drug used to treat type-2 DM. A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for a related substance of miglitol and its identification, and characterization was done by different mass spectrometry techniques. The gradient method at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was employed on a prevail carbohydrate ES column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) at a temperature of 35 °C. Mobile phase A consisted of 10 mM dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate adjusted to pH 8.0 using concentrated phosphoric acid and mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile. The ultraviolet detection wavelength was 210 nm and 20 μL of the sample were injected. The retention time for miglitol was about 24.0 min. Forced degradation of the miglitol sample was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative hydrolysis, thermal stress, and photolytic degradation were used to assess the stability-indicating the power of the method. Substantial degradation was observed during oxidative hydrolysis. No degradation was observed under the other stress conditions. The method was optimized using samples generated by forced degradation and sample solutions spiked with impurities and epimers. Good resolution of the analyte peak from peaks, corresponding to process-related impurities, epimers and degradation products, was achieved and the method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method can successfully be applied for routine analysis of miglitol.
Synthesis, Spatial Structure and Analgesic Activity of Sodium 3-Benzylaminocarbonyl-1-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazin-4-olate Solvates
Authors: Ukrainets Igor , Petrushova Lidiya , Shishkina Svitlana , Grinevich Lina , Sim Galina
Published: November 2016

In order to obtain and then test pharmocologically any possible conformers of the new feasible analgesic N-benzyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide, its 4-O-sodium salt was synthesized using two methods. X-ray diffraction study made possible to determine that, depending on the chosen synthesis conditions, the above-mentioned compound forms either monosolvate with methanol or monohydrate, where organic anion exists in the form of three different conformers. Pharmacological testing of the two known pseudo-enantiomeric forms of the original N-benzylamide and of the two solvates of its sodium salt was performed simultaneously under the same conditions and in equimolar doses. Comparison of the results obtained while studying the peculiarities of the synthesized compounds spatial structure and biological properties revealed an important structure-action relationship. In particular, it was shown that the intensity of analgesic effect of different conformational isomers of N-benzyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1H-2λ6,1-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide may change considerably: while low active conformers are comparable with piroxicam, highly active conformers are more than twice as effective as meloxicam.
Bioactivity of Phycocolloids against the Mediterranean Protozoan Leishmania infantum: An Inceptive Study
Authors: Armeli Minicante Simona , Michelet Silvia , Bruno Federica , Castelli Germano , Vitale Fabrizio , Sfriso Adriano , Morabito Marina , Genovese Giuseppa
Published: November 2016

Sulfated polysaccharides from marine macroalgae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. In this study, the in vitro activity of algal polysaccharides against Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) was investigated. The polysaccharides were extracted from different macroalgae of the Mediterranean Sea: Chaetomorpha linum, Agardhiella subulata, Gracilaria viridis, Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Hypnea cornuta, Sargassum muticum, and Undaria pinnatifida. Preliminary results showed a good anti-leishmanial activity of the investigated species, encouraging the focus on their use as natural resources in order to match integrated management strategies for the employment of local macroalgae.
Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effects in the Mammary Gland and Uterus and Promotes Mammary Carcinogenesis in Donryu Rats
Authors: Kakehashi Anna , Yoshida Midori , Tago Yoshiyuki , Ishii Naomi , Okuno Takahiro , Gi Min , Wanibuchi Hideki
Published: November 2016

Pueraria mirifica (PM), a plant whose dried and powdered tuberous roots are now widely used in rejuvenating preparations to promote youthfulness in both men and women, may have major estrogenic influence. In this study, we investigated modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized animals at doses of 0.03%, 0.3%, and 3% in a phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks caused significant increase in uterus weight. Secondly, a 4 week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In a third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, resulted in significant increase of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence. A significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was also observed. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3%, and more pronouncedly, at 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day was found to promote mammary carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA.
The Use of PCSWMM for Assessing the Impacts of Land Use Changes on Hydrological Responses and Performance of WSUD in Managing the Impacts at Myponga Catchment, South Australia
Authors: Akhter Muhammad , Hewa Guna
Published: November 2016

Personal Computer Stormwater Management Model (PCSWMM) was applied to investigate: (1) hydrological responses in the Myponga catchment as a result of land use changes; and (2) the possibility of adopting Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) technologies (bio-retention cells) to manage resulting floods. Calibrated and validated models predicted the measured data with satisfactory accuracy and reliability. Different urbanization scenarios were tested. When the level of urbanization increased from 10% to 70%, mean discharge increased from 45% to 322%. Frequency of flood at 2-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) increased from 1 to 44 and frequency of floods at 100-year ARI increased from none to 8. At 70% urbanisation, trialled bio-retention facilities used as WSUD measures almost completely ameliorated 2-year ARI floods by reducing the frequency of such events from 44 to 2. Floods at smaller ARIs (2, 5, 10 and 20 years) were effectively managed by WSUD measures while floods at 50- and 100-year ARIs remained unchanged. The overall results improve understanding of the severity of the impacts of land use changes on the hydrology of a catchment and the ability of bio-retention cells to alleviate the risk of small to medium floods in the Myponga catchment.
MULTI-SPACECRAFT ANALYSIS OF ENERGETIC HEAVY ION AND INTERPLANETARY SHOCK PROPERTIES IN ENERGETIC STORM PARTICLE EVENTS NEAR 1 au
Authors: Ebert R. W. , Dayeh M. A. , Desai M. I. , Jian L. K. , Li G. , Mason G. M.
Published: November 2016

We examine the longitude distribution of and relationship between interplanetary (IP) shock properties and ∼0.1–20 MeV nucleon−1 O and Fe ions during seven multi-spacecraft energetic storm particle (ESP) events at 1 au. These ESP events were observed at two spacecraft and were primarily associated with low Mach number, quasi-perpendicular shocks. Key observations include the following: (i) the Alfvén Mach number increased from east to west of the coronal mass ejection source longitude, while the shock speed, compression ratios, and obliquity showed no clear dependence; (ii) the O and Fe time intensity profiles and peak intensities varied significantly between longitudinally separated spacecraft observing the same event, the peak intensities being larger near the nose and smaller along the flank of the IP shock; (iii) the O and Fe peak intensities had weak to no correlations with the shock parameters; (iv) the Fe/O time profiles showed intra-event variations upstream of the shock that disappeared downstream of the shock, where values plateaued to those comparable to the mean Fe/O of solar cycle 23; (v) the O and Fe spectral index ranged from ∼1.0 to 3.4, the Fe spectra being softer in most events; and (vi) the observed spectral index was softer than the value predicted from the shock compression ratio in most events. We conclude that while the variations in IP shock properties may account for some variations in O and Fe properties within these multi-spacecraft events, detailed examination of the upstream seed population and IP turbulence, along with modeling, are required to fully characterize these observations.
THE UNRELAXED DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE GALAXY CLUSTER ABELL 85
Authors: Yu Heng , Diaferio Antonaldo , Agulli Irene , Aguerri J. Alfonso L. , Tozzi Paolo
Published: November 2016

For the first time, we explore the dynamics of the central region of a galaxy cluster within r
500 ∼ 600 h−1 kpc from its center by combining optical and X-ray spectroscopy. We use (1) the caustic technique, which identifies the cluster substructures and their galaxy members with optical spectroscopic data, and (2) the X-ray redshift fitting procedure, which estimates the redshift distribution of the intracluster medium (ICM). We use the spatial and redshift distributions of the galaxies and of the X-ray-emitting gas to associate the optical substructures to the X-ray regions. When we apply this approach to Abell 85 (A85), a complex dynamic structure of A85 emerges from our analysis: a galaxy group, with redshift z = 0.0509 ± 0.0021 is passing through the cluster center along the line of sight dragging part of the ICM present in the cluster core; two additional groups, at redshift z = 0.0547 ± 0.0022 and z = 0.0570 ± 0.0020, are going through the cluster in opposite directions, almost perpendicularly to the line of sight, and have substantially perturbed the dynamics of the ICM. An additional group in the outskirts of A85, at redshift z = 0.0561 ± 0.0023, is associated with a secondary peak of X-ray emission, at redshift

. Although our analysis and results on A85 need to be confirmed by high-resolution spectroscopy, they demonstrate how our new approach can be a powerful tool to constrain the formation history of galaxy clusters by unveiling their central and surrounding structures.
RADIO-LOUD AND RADIO-QUIET QSOs
Authors: Kellermann K. I. , Condon J. J. , Kimball A. E. , Perley R. A. , Ivezić Željko
Published: November 2016

We discuss 6 GHz JVLA observations covering a volume-limited sample of 178 low-redshift (

) optically selected quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). Our 176 radio detections fall into two clear categories: (1) about 20% are radio-loud QSOs (RLQs) with spectral luminosities of

that are primarily generated in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) responsible for the excess optical luminosity that defines a bona fide QSO; and (2) the remaining 80% that are radio-quiet QSOs (RQQs) that have

and radio sizes

, and we suggest that the bulk of their radio emission is powered by star formation in their host galaxies. “Radio-silent” QSOs (

) are rare, so most RQQ host galaxies form stars faster than the Milky Way; they are not “red and dead” ellipticals. Earlier radio observations did not have the luminosity sensitivity of

that is needed to distinguish between such RLQs and RQQs. Strong, generally double-sided radio emission spanning

was found to be associated with 13 of the 18 RLQ cores with peak flux densities of

(

). The radio luminosity function of optically selected QSOs and the extended radio emission associated with RLQs are both inconsistent with simple “unified” models that invoke relativistic beaming from randomly oriented QSOs to explain the difference between RLQs and RQQs. Some intrinsic property of the AGNs or their host galaxies must also determine whether or not a QSO appears radio-loud.
TRACING SLOW WINDS FROM T TAURI STARS VIA LOW-VELOCITY FORBIDDEN LINE EMISSION
Authors: Simon M. N. , Pascucci I. , Edwards S. , Feng W. , Gorti U. , Hollenbach D. , Rigliaco E. , Keane J. T.
Published: November 2016

Using Keck/HIRES spectra (Δ v ∼ 7 km s−1) we analyze forbidden lines of [O i] 6300 Å, [O i] 5577 Å and [S ii] 6731 Å from 33 T Tauri stars covering a range of disk evolutionary stages. After removing a high-velocity component (HVC) associated with microjets, we study the properties of the low-velocity component (LVC). The LVC can be attributed to slow disk winds that could be magnetically (magnetohydrodynamic) or thermally (photoevaporative) driven. Both of these winds play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary material. LVC emission is seen in all 30 stars with detected [O i] but only in two out of eight with detected [S ii], so our analysis is largely based on the properties of the [O i] LVC. The LVC itself is resolved into broad (BC) and narrow (NC) kinematic components. Both components are found over a wide range of accretion rates and their luminosity is correlated with the accretion luminosity, but the NC is proportionately stronger than the BC in transition disks. The full width at half maximum of both the BC and NC correlates with disk inclination, consistent with Keplerian broadening from radii of 0.05 to 0.5 au and 0.5 to 5 au, respectively. The velocity centroids of the BC suggest formation in an MHD disk wind, with the largest blueshifts found in sources with closer to face-on orientations. The velocity centroids of the NC, however, show no dependence on disk inclination. The origin of this component is less clear and the evidence for photoevaporation is not conclusive.
EFFECTS OF PROXIMA CENTAURI ON PLANET FORMATION IN ALPHA CENTAURI
Authors: Worth R. , Sigurdsson S.
Published: November 2016

Proxima Centauri is an M dwarf approximately 15,000 au from the Alpha Centauri binary, comoving and likely in a loosely bound orbit. Dynamic simulations show that this configuration can form from a more tightly bound triple system. As our nearest neighbors, these stars command great interest as potential planet hosts, and the dynamics of the stars govern the formation of any planets within the system. Here we present a scenario for the evolution of Alpha Centauri A and B and Proxima Centauri as a triple system. Based on N-body simulations, we determine that this pathway to formation is plausible, and we quantify the implications for planet formation in the Alpha Centauri binary. We expect that this formation scenario may have truncated the circumstellar disk slightly more than a system that formed in the current configuration, but that it most likely does not prevent terrestrial planet formation. We simulate planet formation in this system and find that, in most scenarios, two or more terrestrial planets can be expected around either Alpha Centauri A or B, orbiting in a region out to approximately 2 au, assuming that planetesimals and planetary embryos are able to form in the system first. Additionally, terrestrial planet formation and stability in Proxima Centauri’s habitable zone are also plausible. However, an absence of planets around these stars may be indicative of highly disruptive stellar dynamics in the past.
THE INTERMEDIATE NEUTRON-CAPTURE PROCESS AND CARBON-ENHANCED METAL-POOR STARS
Authors: Hampel Melanie , Stancliffe Richard J. , Lugaro Maria , Meyer Bradley S.
Published: November 2016

Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in the Galactic Halo display enrichments in heavy elements associated with either the s (slow) or the r (rapid) neutron-capture process (e.g., barium and europium, respectively), and in some cases they display evidence of both. The abundance patterns of these CEMP-s/r stars, which show both Ba and Eu enrichment, are particularly puzzling, since the s and the r processes require neutron densities that are more than ten orders of magnitude apart and, hence, are thought to occur in very different stellar sites with very different physical conditions. We investigate whether the abundance patterns of CEMP-s/r stars can arise from the nucleosynthesis of the intermediate neutron-capture process (the i process), which is characterized by neutron densities between those of the s and the r processes. Using nuclear network calculations, we study neutron capture nucleosynthesis at different constant neutron densities n ranging from 107–1015 cm−3. With respect to the classical s process resulting from neutron densities on the lowest side of this range, neutron densities on the highest side result in abundance patterns, which show an increased production of heavy s-process and r-process elements, but similar abundances of the light s-process elements. Such high values of n may occur in the thermal pulses of asymptotic giant branch stars due to proton ingestion episodes. Comparison to the surface abundances of 20 CEMP-s/r stars shows that our modeled i-process abundances successfully reproduce observed abundance patterns, which could not be previously explained by s-process nucleosynthesis. Because the i-process models fit the abundances of CEMP-s/r stars so well, we propose that this class should be renamed as CEMP-i.
BEYOND THE MALTESE CROSS: GEOMETRY OF TURBULENCE BETWEEN 0.2 AND 1 au
Authors: Verdini Andrea , Grappin Roland
Published: November 2016

The spectral anisotropy of turbulent structures has been measured in the solar wind since 1990, relying on the assumption of axisymmetry about the mean magnetic field, B
0. However, several works indicate that this hypothesis might be partially wrong, thus raising two questions: (i) is it correct to interpret measurements at 1 au (the so-called Maltese cross) in term of a sum of slab and two-dimensional (2D) turbulence; and (ii) what information is really contained in the Maltese cross? We solve direct numerical simulations of the magnetohydrodynamic equations including the transverse stretching exerted by the solar wind flow and study the genuine 3D anisotropy of turbulence as well as that one resulting from the assumption of axisymmetry about B
0. We show that the evolution of the turbulent spectrum from 0.2 to 1 au depends strongly on its initial anisotropy. An axisymmetric spectrum with respect to B
0 keeps its axisymmetry, i.e., resists stretching perpendicular to radial, while an isotropic spectrum becomes essentially axisymmetric with respect to the radial direction. We conclude that close to the Sun, slow-wind turbulence has a spectrum that is axisymmetric around B
0 and the measured 2D component at 1 au describes the real shape of turbulent structures. In contrast, fast-wind turbulence has a more isotropic spectrum at the source and becomes radially symmetric at 1 au. Such structure is hidden by the symmetrization applied to the data that instead returns a slab geometry.
EVIDENCE OF AGB POLLUTION IN GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FROM THE Mg–Al ANTICORRELATIONS OBSERVED BY THE APOGEE SURVEY
Authors: Ventura P. , García-Hernández D. A. , Dell’Agli F. , D’Antona F. , Mészáros Sz. , Lucatello S. , Di Criscienzo M. , Shetrone M. , Tailo M. , Tang Baitian , Zamora O.
Published: November 2016

We study the formation of multiple populations in globular clusters (GCs), under the hypothesis that stars in the second generation formed from the winds of intermediate-mass stars, ejected during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, possibly diluted with pristine gas, sharing the same chemical composition of first-generation stars. To this aim, we use the recent Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) data, which provide the surface chemistry of a large sample of giant stars, belonging to clusters that span a wide metallicity range. The APOGEE data set is particularly suitable to discriminate among the various pollution scenarios proposed so far, as it provides the surface abundances of Mg and Al, the two elements involved in a nuclear channel extremely sensitive to the temperature, hence to the metallicity of the polluters. The present analysis shows a remarkable agreement between the observations and the theoretical yields from massive AGB stars. In particular, the observed extension of the depletion of Mg and O and the increase in Al is well reproduced by the models and the trend with the metallicity is also fully accounted for. This study further supports the idea that AGB stars were the key players in the pollution of the intra-cluster medium, from which additional generations of stars formed in GCs.
Faut-il réprimer le révisionnisme parce qu’il est faux ?
Authors: Korolitski Ulysse
Published: November 2016

Résumé Contre l’opinion répandue selon laquelle c’est la fausseté du révisionnisme qui justifie sa répression, il convient de comprendre que celle-ci est avant tout le fruit d’une décision politique, celle d’inscrire ce discours sous l’empire d’un interdit en raison de son caractère insultant et provocant, non par respect pour la vérité. Celle-ci n’est cependant pas du tout oubliée, puisque c’est la vérité historique de l’Holocauste nazi qui a rendu le révisionnisme potentiellement dangereux en France, ce qui peut être estimé le distinguer de la négation d’autres génocides, comme celle du génocide des Arméniens. Que la vérité d’un discours ait en elle-même de la valeur n’est pas indifférent, mais pour qu’elle devienne décisive, il reste à montrer qu’elle compte plus que la protection contre la possibilité de la violence.
Le travail réputationnel
Authors: Dumont Guillaume
Published: November 2016

La réputation a acquis une valeur importante sur de nombreux marchés du travail. C’est du moins ce que souligne le développement des pratiques individuelles, notamment au travers des réseaux sociaux en ligne, visant à développer la réputation. Cependant, alors qu’un nombre croissant de recherches se penche sur la réception de la réputation par des publics variés, le travail réputationnel la produisant reste largement inexploré. Cet article aborde la production de la réputation par la mise en lumière de cinq facettes de ce travail en se penchant sur les aspects tangibles et concrets sur lesquels il repose plutôt que sur la dimension subjective de son produit. Pour ce faire, il mobilise les données produites durant une enquête ethnographique multisites et digitale réalisée aux États-Unis et en Europe avec des individus pour qui la réputation possède une valeur fondamentale, les grimpeurs professionnels.
Contre-transfert, incorporats culturels et idéologie
Authors: Diet Emmanuel
Published: November 2016

Dans l’anomie contemporaine, la déshérence des cadres et métacadres psychiques et culturels fait émerger de manière désormais essentielle les fondements et les enjeux culturels et idéologiques présents dans le lien transféro/contre-transférentiel. La prise en compte et l’interprétation de cette partie réservée du transfert constitutive du lien apparaissent dès lors décisives pour l’élaboration des dynamiques groupales et institutionnelles, mais aussi dans le cadre de la cure classique.
Le corps social en jeu à l’adolescence
Authors: Guénoun Tamara
Published: November 2016

Cet article a pour but d’analyser la spécificité thérapeutique de la médiation groupale par le théâtre avec les adolescents. Après avoir décrit le dispositif, l’auteure étudie la manière dont le métacadre de cet espace de soin induit des enjeux d’universalisation des fantasmes et de questionnement des places chez le groupe patient. Le jeu théâtral, par ses propriétés mêmes, oriente le cadre vers cette articulation du sujet au socius. Il propose aussi une exploration du corps, à partir de codes esthétiques spécifiques. Il apparaît que cette exploration du corps en jeu permet au groupe d’adolescent de mettre au travail le « singulier pluriel » inhérent à la construction subjective. En conclusion, il apparaît que la médiation thérapeutique par le théâtre avec les groupes d’adolescents est un dispositif qui a la portée de mettre en jeu les problématiques limites, telles qu’elles sont posées au sein de notre société contemporaine, dans le malêtre qui lui est propre.
A VIRTUAL REVERSE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY FOR ACCURACY CONTROL OF TRANSTIBIAL PROSTHETIC SOCKET
Authors: Pathak Vimal Kumar , Nayak Chitresh , Singh Amit Kumar , Chaudhary Himanshu
Published: November 2016

Computer-aided tools help in shortening and eradicating numerous repetitive tasks that reduce the gap between digital model and the actual product. Use of these tools assist in realizing free-form objects such as custom fit products as described by an stringent interaction with the human body. Development of such model presents a difficult situation for reverse engineering (RE), which are not analogous with the requirement for generating simple geometric models. Hence, an alternating way of producing more accurate three-dimensional models is proposed. For creating accurate 3D models, point clouds are processed through filtering technique, segmentation, mesh smoothing and surface generation. These processes help in converting the initial unorganized point data into a 3D digital model and simultaneously influence the quality of the model. This study provides an optimum balance for the best accuracy obtainable with maximum allowable deviation to lesser computer handling and processing time. In this paper, a realistic nontrivial case study of the free-form prosthetic socket is considered. The accuracy obtained for the developed model is acceptable for the use in medical applications and FEM analysis.
Developing an Integration Framework for Crowdsourcing and Internet of Things with Applications for Disaster Response
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar
Published: November 2016

The crowdsourcing and Internet of Things (IoT) have played a significant role in revolutionizing the information age. In response to pressing need, we have attempted to develop a theoretical framework which can help disaster relief workers to improve their coordination using valuable information derived using comprehensive crowdsourcing framework. In this study we have used two-prong research strategies. First we have conducted extensive review of articles published in reputable journals, magazines and blogs by eminent practitioners and policy makers followed by case studies: stampede in Godavari River at Rajahmundry (2015), earthquake in Nepal (2015), flood in Uttarakhand (2013). Finally we have concluded our research findings with further research directions.
Applying Learning Theories to Computer Technology Supported Instruction
Authors: Bailey Erold K.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to share an approach articulating how learning theories can be used to inform computer technology in classroom instruction. This report is based on a course introducing student teachers to using cutting-edge computer technology in their future classrooms. An analysis of three exemplary responses to course assignments revealed that student teachers demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of how to apply the behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist theories of learning to computer technology for classroom instruction. This chapter also provides ideas about how students and educators can contribute to the development of educational apps that can support teaching and learning.
Traditional Water Management System for Climate Change Adaptation in Mountain Ecosystems
Authors: Padigala Bhaskar Shrinivasulu
Published: November 2016

The physical characteristics and geographical isolation of mountain ecosystems in Himachal Pradesh has contributed towards a practice of cooperation and development of traditional knowledge among local communities. Over the centuries these traditional knowledge has been used to manage resource scarcities and adapt to vulnerabilities by the local population for over many generations. This paper describes one of such traditional ‘Farmers Managed Irrigation System' (FMIS) practice, Kuhl, it's an open channel irrigation system to capture and transfer fresh snowmelt water from the glaciers to the agricultural fields in the valley. The characteristic of the local water management institution (structure, participation, process and governance) has been studied to understand their performance and success in managing water rights over the centuries. Lastly, the paper discusses the relevance of traditional water management against the backdrop of climate change, present status and issues related to the continuance of the Kuhl system and recommendations thereof.
Achieving Climate Smart Agriculture with a Sustainable Use of Water
Authors: Kumari Sneha , Patil Yogesh
Published: November 2016

With time there has been an unpredictable climate change affecting the requirement of water for agriculture. Survival of agriculture has become a matter of concern with an efficient management of water. The aim of the chapter is to design a conceptual framework in sustaining water for agriculture in the era of climate change. The authors in the present chapter have used secondary data from previous research work and critically analysed the cases on water management for agriculture. The chapter discusses on practices like drip irrigation, new adaptations, mitigation technologies, vapour pressure, agro-ecological zone model and other water management strategies and the agricultural practices which though increases the yield but is leaving an adverse impact on climate. The chapter designs a conceptual framework to sustain water for agricultural use in the era of climate change and discusses it. This must be dealt through in order to attain sustainability.
Tipaimukh Multipurpose Hydroelectric Project
Authors: Osmani Ali Reja
Published: November 2016

Moving ahead from the freshwater reservoir versus climate change debate, the Indo-Bangla controversy over the Tipaimukh Project exists over the right of riparian states. India needs more energy to propel its economic growth, whereas Bangladesh is worried about downstream impact. The concerns of Bangladesh are based on the experience of severe water shortage and other impacts of Farakka Barrage and Teesta Barrage and also Himalayan Component of the Interlinking of River Project. Over the years some progress was made at bilateral level. But the major problem remains unaddressed i.e. without reconciling the issues of indigenous people a big dam cannot be constructed. This paper highlighted the existing scenario of Bangladesh and the indigenous people of Manipur in India in one hand and ecological, socio-economic concern in other hand i.e. obligation not to cause significant harm. There is no straight way answers available to be choose between a ‘Yes' or ‘No'; neither depends on the issues of ‘might' over ‘right' or ‘development' over ‘destruction', but on the circumstances to come.
Altered Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability While Running
Authors: Bigouette John , Simon Janet , Liu Kathy , Docherty Carrie L.
Published: November 2016

Context:

Altered gait kinetics may increase the risk of long-term injuries in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) can provide insight into how body loading is altered.

Objective:

To compare the components of vGRFs while running in participants with or without CAI.

Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

University biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty-four experienced, college-aged runners. Groups were categorized by the presence (CAI group) or absence (control group) of CAI through self-reported questionnaires.

Intervention(s):

After a warm-up period, all participants ran on an instrumented treadmill for 5 minutes at 3.3 m/s. Data were collected during the last 30 seconds. Five continuous trials of heel-to-toe running were identified per participant and averaged for statistical analysis.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The dependent variables were impact peak force (N/body weight [BW]), active peak force (N/BW), time to impact peak force (milliseconds), time to active peak force (milliseconds), and average loading rate ([N/BW]/s).

Results:

A difference was found between groups (P = .002). The CAI group had higher impact peak forces (P = .001) and active peak forces (P = .002) compared with the control group. The CAI group also had an increased loading rate (P = .001) and a shorter time to reach the active peak force (P = .001) compared with the control group. No difference was seen between groups in the time to reach the impact peak force (P = .952).

Conclusions:

Participants with CAI produced altered vGRFs and loading rates while running. Altered loading rates could predispose individuals with CAI to stress-related injuries and repetitive sprains.