bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survivor or Laborer
Authors: Anasti Theresa
Published: May 2018

Regardless of primary population served, human service organizations are likely to come into contact with individuals who have been currently or formerly involved in the sex trade. In the United States, social workers have had a fraught history with this population, either treating them like delinquents or like victims in need of rescue. Sex worker activists in the United States continue to decry the negative treatment provided by individuals in the helping professions, even as harm reduction, the practice of reducing the harm of risky behaviors, has entered the service provision lexicon as an antidote to abstinence-only services. This article uses qualitative interviews with managers of human service organizations in the city of Chicago to determine how they think about their work with sex workers and how they perceive the proposed solutions to “fixing” the sex trade: abolitionism and decriminalization. Findings show that despite the dominant discourse of abolitionism in the United States, most of managers in this project believe full decriminalization of sex work will best assist their sex worker clients. Future research needs to understand how this finding holds in different settings and how this affects current efforts to advocate for decriminalization.
The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Breastfeeding Ability and Behavior
Authors: Holmgren Theodor , Lee Amanda H. X. , Hocaloski Shea , Hamilton Lynsey J. , Hellsing Iris , Elliott Stacy , Hultling Claes , Krassioukov Andrei V.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Lactation dysfunction following spinal cord injury has been noted in the literature. However, researchers have often grouped together all women of physical disability or do not account for injury level. The extent of lactation dysfunction and influence of spinal cord injury on breastfeeding ability and behavior is not well understood.

Research aim:

This study aimed to identify major barriers to lactation and breastfeeding related to spinal cord injury, specifically comparing high- and low-level injuries.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was used. Two online questionnaires were developed and completed by women ( N = 52) who chose to breastfeed with spinal cord injury, primarily in Canada and Sweden.

Results:

The first questionnaire was completed by 52 women with spinal cord injury; 38 of the original 52 participants completed the second questionnaire. Of the 52 women, 28 (53.8%) had high-level spinal cord injury (at or above T6) and 24 (46.1%) had low-level injury (below T6). On the second questionnaire, 14 (77.8%) women with high-level injury reported insufficient milk production or ejection. Only 35% of women ( n = 7) with low-level injury reported the same. Autonomic dysreflexia was experienced by 38.9% of women ( n = 7) with high-level injury. Exclusive breastfeeding duration was significantly shorter ( p < .05) in the high-level injury group (3.3 months) compared with women with low-level injury (6.5 months).

Conclusion:

These results further support the notion that spinal cord injury (particularly at or above T6) disrupts lactation and is associated with shorter breastfeeding duration. Autonomic dysreflexia should be addressed in prospective mothers with high-level spinal cord injury.
Attachment Avoidance and Attachment Anxiety as Individual Characteristics Affecting Job Search Behavior
Authors: Leenders Monique V. E. , Buunk Abraham P. , Henkens Kène
Published: May 2018

In this study, the relationship was investigated between attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety on the one hand, and job search intention, job search self-efficacy, job search self-esteem, and job search attitude on the other hand. Our sample consisted of 180 employees from an international industrial organization in the Netherlands. Results showed that attachment avoidance had a larger impact on the job search process than attachment anxiety. More avoidantly attached people had lower job search intentions, lower job search self-efficacy, and more negative job search attitudes. Attachment avoidance had an effect on job search intentions through job search self-efficacy and job search attitude but not through job search self-esteem. Attachment anxiety had no effect on job search intention through job search self-efficacy, job search self-esteem, and job search attitude. Attachment style is discussed as individual characteristic that impacts the job search process.
Utilizing Clinical Pharmacist Specialist to Manage Hepatitis C Virus Patients on Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Mikolas Lena A. , Jacques Kimberly , Huq Mostaqul , Krasner Charles , Mambourg Scott E.
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate outcomes of a clinical pharmacist specialist (CPS)-managed hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment clinic (HCVTC) in treating HCV-infected veterans with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

Methods:

We established a CPS-managed HCVTC under a collaborative practice agreement with our infectious disease physician (IDP). A total of 132 veterans were treated between November 1, 2014, and November 30, 2015. The CPS engaged in pretreatment screening, drug selection, patient education, medication counseling, drug therapy monitoring, drug utilization review, addressing issues on drug adherence, and routine and posttreatment follow-up of patients to assess sustained virologic response (SVR) after 12 weeks of treatment.

Results:

Of 132 patients managed by the CPS, 87 (66%) were treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), 29 (22%) with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir + dasabuvir (PrOD), and 16 (12%) with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimen. The corresponding regimens demonstrated a SVR rate of 92% (n = 80), 100% (n = 29), and 93.8% (n = 15), respectively. We achieved an SVR rate of 94% against HCV genotype 1 (GT-1) and 100% against GT-2 to GT-4. The overall SVR rate was 94% across regimens, showing 93% in treatment-naive patients and 96% in treatment-experienced patients, and 93% in noncirrhotic and 94% in compensated cirrhotic patients. The results were comparable to SVR data reported in pivotal trials for DAAs.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that CPS could be effectively utilized in drug therapy management of HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs.
The Good, the Not So Good and the Ugly: Gender Equality, Equal Pay and Austerity in English Local Government
Authors: Conley Hazel , Page Margaret
Published: May 2018

Drawing on theories of responsive and reflexive legislation and gender mainstreaming, this article examines the implementation of the gender equality duty and the Single Status Agreement in five English local authorities between 2008 and 2010. Both of these initiatives coincided with the global financial crisis. The data highlights how organizational restructuring following budget cuts resulted in the separation of these two important initiatives between equality and human resource management teams, preventing the duty from reaching the high expectations of the Equal Opportunities Commission and the Women and Work Commission. The reliance on equal pay legislation and the failure to use the gender equality duty missed an opportunity to move away from adversarial forms of legislation and towards more responsive forms of regulation of pay equality.
Reframing the Measurement of Women’s Work in the Sub-Saharan African Context
Authors: Finlay Jocelyn E , Efevbera Yvette , Ndikubagenzi Jacques , Karra Mahesh , Canning David
Published: May 2018

This research note considers how we measure women’s work in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) context. Drawing on qualitative work conducted in Burundi, the note examines how existing measures of women’s work do not accurately capture the intensity and type of work women in SSA undertake. Transcripts from qualitative interviews suggest that women think of work to meet their roles and responsibilities within the household. The women in the interviews do not frame work as a career or a primary activity in a time-use allocation. As a result, researchers need to nest questions regarding women’s work within surveys that ask about roles and responsibilities within the household, and about how women meet these responsibilities with a financial component.
Deformation mechanism of forging tool for multi-stage forming of deep groove ball bearing
Authors: Liao Chien-Chou , Hsu Chih-Chun , Huang Jie-Hong , Chen Wen-Chieh , Fuh Yiin-Kuen , Liao Chun-An , Chiu Huan-Yu
Published: May 2018

In this study, two design configurations routinely adopted in actual mass production for deep groove ball bearing rings of multi-stage warm forging process are investigated numerically and experimentally. The deformation mechanism, forging defects, microstructures, and compositions analysis are the main focus of this study. For type A design with a stepped configuration, inner and outer rings are automatically pierced and separated in the multi-step forging machine. On the other hand, for the type B geometry, additional step is required by the customized milling machine. For type A design, the main issue encountered during actual forging process is the inadequate material filling at the upper corner radius and folding defects at the transition area of inner wall of forgings. For type B design, the material flow is unsatisfactorily directed and lower outer radius is insufficiently filled. Therefore, variations of forging parameters include billet weight, punch/knock out pin geometry and the effect of lubricating fluid is systematically investigated. In addition, the finite element method has been performed and compared with the actual forging experiments. In summary, the modification of tooling design, dimension variation of billet weight, and the forging temperature difference as impacted by the lubricating fluid, which are identified as the three major factors of the forging integrity and stability of the mass production process. The results are particularly useful for the advanced tooling design and contribute largely to minimize the tool failure and the integrity of the bearing forged.
Partially independent control scheme for spacecraft rendezvous in near-circular orbits
Authors: Wan Neng , Yao Weiran , Fang Xiang , Liu Yujiong
Published: May 2018

Due to the complexity and inconstancy of the space environment, accurate mathematical models for spacecraft rendezvous are difficult to retrieve, which consequently complicates the control tasks. In this paper, a linearized time-varying plant model with consideration of the external perturbations is developed to approximate the spacecraft rendezvous in near-circular orbits. In order to achieve the robust stability with optimal performance cost, a partially independent control scheme is proposed, which consists of a robust anti-windup controller for the in-plane motion and a H∞ controller for the out-of-plane motion. The effectiveness and advantages of the partially independent control scheme are verified by comparing with other control schemes in a numerical example.
The Link Between Self-Dehumanization and Immoral Behavior
Authors: Kouchaki Maryam , Dobson Kyle S. H. , Waytz Adam , Kteily Nour S.
Published: May 2018

People perceive morality to be distinctively human, with immorality representing a lack of full humanness. In eight experiments, we examined the link between immorality and self-dehumanization, testing both (a) the causal role of immoral behavior on self-dehumanization and (b) the causal role of self-dehumanization on immoral behavior. Studies 1a to 1d showed that people feel less human after behaving immorally and that these effects were not driven by having a negative experience but were unique to experiences of immorality (Study 1d). Studies 2a to 2c showed that self-dehumanization can lead to immoral and antisocial behavior. Study 3 highlighted how self-dehumanization can sometimes produce downward spirals of immorality, demonstrating initial unethical behavior leading to self-dehumanization, which in turn promotes continued dishonesty. These results demonstrate a clear relationship between self-dehumanization and unethical behavior, and they extend previous theorizing on dehumanization.
Statistical Learning Creates Novel Object Associations via Transitive Relations
Authors: Luo Yu , Zhao Jiaying
Published: May 2018

A remarkable ability of the cognitive system is to make novel inferences on the basis of prior experiences. What mechanism supports such inferences? We propose that statistical learning is a process through which transitive inferences of new associations are made between objects that have never been directly associated. After viewing a continuous sequence containing two base pairs (e.g., A–B, B–C), participants automatically inferred a transitive pair (e.g., A–C) where the two objects had never co-occurred before (Experiment 1). This transitive inference occurred in the absence of explicit awareness of the base pairs. However, participants failed to infer the transitive pair from three base pairs (Experiment 2), showing the limits of the transitive inference (Experiment 3). We further demonstrated that this transitive inference can operate across the categorical hierarchy (Experiments 4–7). The findings revealed a novel consequence of statistical learning in which new transitive associations between objects are implicitly inferred.
A genetic algorithm–based nonlinear scaling method for optimal motion cueing algorithm in driving simulator
Authors: Asadi Houshyar , Lim Chee Peng , Mohammadi Arash , Mohamed Shady , Nahavandi Saeid , Shanmugam Lakshmanan
Published: May 2018

A motion cueing algorithm plays an important role in generating motion cues in driving simulators. The motion cueing algorithm is used to transform the linear acceleration and angular velocity of a vehicle into the translational and rotational motions of a simulator within its physical limitation through washout filters. Indeed, scaling and limiting should be used along within the washout filter to decrease the amplitude of the translational and rotational motion signals uniformly across all frequencies through the motion cueing algorithm. This is to decrease the effects of the workspace limitations in the simulator motion reproduction and improve the realism of movement sensation. A nonlinear scaling method based on the genetic algorithm for the motion cueing algorithm is developed in this study. The aim is to accurately produce motions with a high degree of fidelity and use the platform more efficiently without violating its physical limitations. To successfully achieve this aim, a third-order polynomial scaling method based on the genetic algorithm is formulated, tuned, and implemented for the linear quadratic regulator–based optimal motion cueing algorithm. A number of factors, which include the sensation error between the real and simulator drivers, the simulator’s physical limitations, and the sensation signal shape-following criteria, are considered in optimizing the proposed nonlinear scaling method. The results show that the proposed method not only is able to overcome problems pertaining to selecting nonlinear scaling parameters based on trial-and-error and inefficient usage of the platform workspace, but also to reduce the sensation error between the simulator and real drivers, while satisfying the constraints imposed by the platform boundaries.
Design and prototype of a magnetic adhesion tracked-wheel robotic platform for mooring chain inspection
Authors: Dissanayake Mahesh , Sattar Tariq , Gan Tat-Hean , Pinson Ivan , Lowe Shehan
Published: May 2018

The development of climbing robots for mooring chain applications is still in its infancy due to the operational complexity and the geometrical features of the chain. Mooring chains are subjected to high tidal waves, harsh environmental conditions and storms on a daily basis. Therefore, the integrity assessment of chain links is vital and regular inspection is mandatory for offshore structures. The magnetic adhesion tracked-wheel crawler robot presented in this study is suitable for mooring chain climbing in air and the technique can be adapted for underwater use. The robotic platform can climb mooring chains at a maximum speed of 42 cm/min with an external load of 50 N. A numerical study was conducted to investigate the adhesion module and analysis of the robot structural design. Numerical results were validated using a prototyped robot in laboratory conditions. The proposed robot can be used as a platform to convey equipment for non-destructive testing applications.
Characterization of the degradation process of lithium-ion batteries when discharged at different current rates
Authors: Perez Aramis , Quintero Vanessa , Jaramillo Francisco , Rozas Heraldo , Jimenez Diego , Orchard Marcos , Moreno Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

The use of energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, has become popular in many different domains and applications. Hence, it is relatively easy to find literature associated with problems of battery state-of-charge estimation and energy autonomy prognostics. Despite this fact, the characterization of battery degradation processes is still a matter of ongoing research. Indeed, most battery degradation models solely consider operation under nominal (or strictly controlled) conditions, although actual operating profiles (including discharge current) may differ significantly from those. In this context, this article proposes a lithium-ion battery degradation model that incorporates the impact of arbitrary discharge currents. Also, the proposed model, initially calibrated through data reported for a specific lithium-ion battery type, can characterize degradation curves for other lithium-ion batteries. Two case studies have been carried out to validate the proposed model, initially calibrated by using data from a Sony battery. The first case study uses our own experimental data obtained for a Panasonic lithium-ion cell, which was cycled and degraded at high current rates. The second case study considers the analysis of two public data sets available at the Prognostics Center of Excellence of NASA Ames Research Center website, for batteries cycled using nominal and 2-C (twice the nominal) discharge currents. Results show that the proposed model can characterize degradation processes properly, even when cycles are subject to different discharge currents and for batteries not manufactured by Sony (whose data were used for the initial calibration).
Opportunity to discuss ethical issues during clinical learning experience
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Gonella Silvia , Destrebecq Anne , Mansutti Irene , Terzoni Stefano , Morsanutto Michela , Altini Pietro , Bevilacqua Anita , Brugnolli Anna , Canzan Federica , Ponte Adriana Dal , De Biasio Laura , Fascì Adriana , Grosso Silvia , Mantovan Franco , Marognolli Oliva , Nicotera Raffaela , Randon Giulia , Tollini Morena , Saiani Luisa , Grassetti Luca , Dimonte Valerio
Published: May 2018

Background:

Undergraduate nursing students have been documented to experience ethical distress during their clinical training and felt poorly supported in discussing the ethical issues they encountered.

Research aims:

This study was aimed at exploring nursing students’ perceived opportunity to discuss ethical issues that emerged during their clinical learning experience and associated factors.

Research design:

An Italian national cross-sectional study design was performed in 2015–2016. Participants were invited to answer a questionnaire composed of four sections regarding: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) previous clinical learning experiences, (3) current clinical learning experience quality and outcomes, and (4) the opportunity to discuss ethical issues with nurses in the last clinical learning experience (from 0 – ‘never’ to 3 – ‘very much’).

Participants and research context:

Participants were 9607 undergraduate nursing students who were attending 95 different three-year Italian baccalaureate nursing programmes, located at 27 universities in 15 Italian regions.

Ethical considerations:

This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after the research protocol was approved by an ethics committee.

Findings:

Overall, 4707 (49%) perceived to have discussed ethical issues ‘much’ or ‘very much’; among the remaining, 3683 (38.3%) and 1217 (12.7%) students reported the perception of having discussed, respectively, ‘enough’ or ‘never’ ethical issues emerged in the clinical practice. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis explaining 38.1% of the overall variance, the factors promoting ethical discussion were mainly set at the clinical learning environment levels (i.e. increased learning opportunities, self-directed learning, safety and nursing care quality, quality of the tutorial strategies, competences learned and supervision by a clinical nurse). In contrast, being male was associated with a perception of less opportunity to discuss ethical issues.

Conclusion:

Nursing faculties should assess the clinical environment prerequisites of the settings as a context of student experience before deciding on their accreditation. Moreover, the nursing faculty and nurse managers should also enhance competence with regard to discussing ethical issues with students among clinical nurses by identifying factors that hinder this learning opportunity in daily practice.
Psychiatry’s ethical involvement in gender-affirming care
Authors: D’Angelo Roberto
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To reflect on the role of psychiatry in authorising physical treatments for Gender Dysphoria and to examine the quality of evidence for gender-reassignment.

Method:

A Medline search was performed with the subject term “transsexualism” or “gender dysphoria” and “outcome” or “follow-up” in the title. Studies published from 2005 onwards reporting psychosocial outcomes were selected for review.

Results:

Most available evidence indicating positive outcomes for gender reassignment is of poor quality. The few studies with robust methodology suggest that some patients have poor outcomes and may be at risk of suicide.

Conclusion:

The author raises questions about the implications for ethical treatment of transgender individuals.
Model based design of antagonistic shape memory alloy spring devices
Authors: Kolyvas Efthymios , Tzes Anthony
Published: May 2018

Shape memory alloy actuated devices employing a network of antagonistic components can reach an equilibrium of the internal forces by multiple sets of individual force magnitudes. In networks of star topologies particularly, the actuators are placed radially with one end connected at a common node. The ability to produce multiple sets of force equilibria suggests then that similar motions of the common node correspond to different thermomechanical paths. Two factors linked to this behavior are examined in this work, namely the initial design of the antagonistic system and the operational profile used during actuation. A shape memory alloy model is initially constructed based on an elementary hysteresis operator to produce a direct representation of the shape memory alloy behavior in the force–deformation plane. This description enables the identification of the operating point for the actuator by the geometric relationship of these models. In the second part, the placement of the antagonists is guided by the model based on specifications on the range of the workspace and the internal forces. The antagonistic operation is finally compared, in terms of time, work produced, and energy consumption, for a bang-bang (minimum time controller for the actuator) and a bang-off-bang (minimum internal forces for the system) actuation scheme.
Gamification Science, Its History and Future: Definitions and a Research Agenda
Authors: Landers Richard N. , Auer Elena M. , Collmus Andrew B. , Armstrong Michael B.
Published: May 2018

Background. Definitions of gamification tend to vary by person, both in industry and within academia. One particularly popular lay interpretation, introduced and popularized by Ian Bogost, and reiterated by Jan Klabbers, is that gamification is “bullshit” and “exploitationware.” They describe gamification as a marketing term or business practice invented to sell products rather than to represent a real and unique phenomenon relevant to a nascent game science. However, this view is an oversimplification, one which ignores a growing body of theory development and empirical research on gamification within a post-positivist epistemology. In fact, because gamification is so much more outcome-focused than general game design, current gamification research in many ways has a stronger footing in modern social science than much games research does.

Aim. In this article, to address common misunderstandings like these, we describe the philosophical underpinnings of modern gamification research, define the relationship between games and gamification, define and situate gamification science as a subdiscipline of game science, and explicate a six-element framework of major concerns within gamification science: predictor constructs, criterion constructs, mediator constructs, moderator constructs, design processes, and research methods. This framework is also presented diagrammatically as a causal path model.

Conclusion. Gamification science refers to the development of theories of gamification design and their empirical evaluation within a post-positivist epistemology. The goal of gamification scientist-practitioners should be to understand how to best meet organizational goals through the design of gamification interventions, drawing upon insights derived from both gamification science and games research more broadly.
Orthodontic-Surgical Approach for Treating Skeletal Class III Malocclusion With Severe Maxillary Deficiency in Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: Nakatsugawa Kohei , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Mihara Kiyomi , Tanaka Susumu , Aikawa Tomonao , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: May 2018

Orthodontic treatment in patients with orofacial cleft such as cleft lip and palate or isolated cleft palate is challenging, especially when the patients exhibit severe maxillary growth retardation. To correct this deficiency, maxillary expansion and protraction can be performed in the first phase of orthodontic treatment. However, in some cases, the malocclusion cannot be corrected by these procedures, and thus, skeletal discrepancy remains when the patients are adolescents. These remaining problems occasionally require various orthognathic treatments according to the degree of the discrepancy. Here, we describe one case of a female with isolated cleft palate and hand malformation who exhibited severe maxillary deficiency until her adolescence and was treated with multiple orthognathic surgeries, including surgically assisted maxillary expansion (surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion), LeFort I osteotomy, and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy in order to correct severe skeletal discrepancy and malocclusion. The treatment resulted in balanced facial appearance and mutually protected occlusion with good stability. The purpose of this case report is to show the orthodontic treatment outcome of 1 patient who exhibited isolated cleft palate and subsequent severe skeletal deformities and malocclusion which was treated by an orthodontic-surgical approach.
Effectiveness and Safety Comparison for Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy With and Without Inhaled Corticosteroids for COPD Exacerbation Management
Authors: Pearce Jordan A. , Shiltz Dane L. , Ding Qian
Published: May 2018

Background: Only 1 small, single-center study has evaluated the combination of systemic plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) routes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation management. This study aims to further improve the existing quantity and quality of evidence regarding the utility for combination therapy in the management of COPD exacerbation. Objectives: To evaluate length of hospital stay, readmission rate, incidence of infection, and mortality in hospitalized patients who experience a COPD exacerbation and receive systemic corticosteroid therapy with or without concurrent ICS. Methods: Design: retrospective cohort study. Participants and setting: patients at least 18 years old admitted between May 31, 2015, and May 31, 2016, for an acute COPD exacerbation at any of 7 Indiana University Health system hospitals. Interventions: patients who received an oral or intravenous systemic corticosteroid either with or without concurrent ICS therapy. Results: This study included 241 patients. No significant difference was found between rates of 30-day readmission or inpatient mortality. Patients receiving concurrent therapy had longer lengths of stay versus those who only received systemic corticosteroid therapy (6.35 ± 3.98 vs 4.99 ± 2.89 days, P = 0.0039). Differences in the rates of antifungal use and mechanical ventilation did not statistically differ. Conclusion and Relevance: There was no significant benefit demonstrated when adding ICS to systemic corticosteroid therapy for COPD exacerbation management. These preliminary findings build on the limited evidence on how best to manage corticosteroid therapy in the inpatient setting, but a large, prospective trial remains warranted to confirm these findings given the design, size, and concern for selection bias limitations in the present study.
Impact of Early Versus Late Intravenous Followed by Oral Nimodipine Treatment on the Occurrence of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Among Patients With Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Samseethong Tipada , Suansanae Thanarat , Veerasarn Kullapat , Liengudom Anusak , Suthisisang Chuthamanee
Published: May 2018

Background: Guidelines for aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) management recommend treatment with nimodipine to all patients to reduce delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor clinical outcome. However, it did not give the most beneficial time to start therapy and route of administration. Objectives: To compare the DCI occurrence and clinical outcome among aSAH patients who received nimodipine treatment at different times. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by collecting data from medical chart reviews between August 30, 2010, and October 31, 2015, at Prasart Neurological Institute, Thailand. Patients were classified into 2 groups by time to receive nimodipine: early group and late group (<96 and >96 hours, respectively). All patients received intravenous (IV) followed by oral nimodipine to complete treatment course. Clinical outcome was graded using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 21 days. The factors related to DCI were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 149 patients were recruited: early (n = 97) and late (n = 52). No difference in baseline characteristics between groups was observed. The occurrence of DCI was not statistically significantly different between groups (early group, 18.60%, vs late group, 20.80%; P = 0.74). The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies IV to V was associated with DCI occurrence. The proportion of patients with good outcome, poor outcome, or death did not show any difference between groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Receiving IV nimodipine 3 to 7 days following oral therapy after bleeding can be the alternative regimen in patients who did not start nimodipine within 96 hours.
Association between potential drug interactions and clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations
Authors: Valverde Ingrid APM , da Silva Mario JS , Retto Maely PF
Published: May 2018

The association of anti-infective, antineoplastic and immunosuppressant drugs makes patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation susceptible to the effects resulting from drug interactions. In this study, we analyzed the potential drug interactions in the association between anti-infective, antineoplastic and immunomodulators agents and their clinical effects presented by patients from a bone marrow transplant service of a Brazilian hospital specialized in cancer treatment. The retrospective cohort involved patients in the conditioning phase undergoing transplantation in the year 2013. The chi-square test was used to assess the association and the confidence interval considered was 95%. A total of 53 patients were included in the study and 69.8% ( p = 0.004) presented some potential drug interaction. Of these, 97.3% ( p < 0.001) exhibited some symptom that may be associated with these interactions. Interactions with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine were the most serious effects. There has been a high frequency and variety of interactions that may impair the entire transplant process, putting the patient's life at risk. The potential interactions observed during the conditioning period were associated with the symptoms presented by the patients. Strategies are needed to minimize negative outcomes in transplant patients.
Active Participation and Quiet Observation of Adforum Subscribers
Authors: Ha Louisa
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the factors underlying the active participation and quiet observation of subscribers of adforum, an electronic discussion group for advertising educators. Results of an electronic mail survey of the subscribers and a content analysis of the messages posted by the subscribers show that, even though the respondents have a quite positive evaluation of the group, many refrained from contributing messages. Advertising on the internet and ethical issues were the most frequently discussed topics during the study period.
Preparing Campaigns Students for Group Work
Authors: Beard Fred
Published: May 2018

Most educators who teach the advertising campaigns course require students to work as groups. A review of cooperative learning and group dynamics literature, however, suggests that unless students are systematically prepared for group work instructional goals will be difficult to achieve. This article describes how pre-training activities in group skills can be adapted to prepare students for the demands of group work, provides a theoretical and pedagogical framework for their use, and reports the results of an assessment of the outcomes.
Offering a Creative Track in the Advertising Major: A Case History
Authors: Barnes Beth E. , Lloyd Carla V.
Published: May 2018

Many undergraduate advertising programs struggle with the question of how best to deal with students interested in a career on the creative side of the advertising industry, particularly since these students may have different curricular needs than students preparing for managerial careers. This paper describes an accredited undergraduate advertising program's experience in phasing in a two-track major, with different course requirements for creative and management students.
Optimal plate fixation of distal femoral fractures in the presence of a well fixed cemented hip arthroplasty femoral stem
Authors: Kempthorne Josh , Kieser David C , Walker Cameron G
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

The requirement for lateral plate fixation in the presence of a hip arthroplasty stem is increasing, yet the optimal plate construct necessary to reduce inter-prosthetic strain and prevent subsequent fractures is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal position of a lateral femoral plate in relation to a femoral stem.

Methods:

We used 4th Generation Composite Sawbones®, a collarless polished cemented femoral stem and a broad Peri-loc™ plate with varying overlap of the stem. Each construct was subjected to torsion, axial compression and 3-point lateral bending, with the strain measured at the tip of the femoral stem and the force-to-failure recorded.

Results:

In all three loading directions a plate, which extended at least two shaft diameters proximal to the tip of the stem, experienced the lowest strain ( p < 0.001). Constructs with no overlap, and particularly those with a small gap between the tip of the stem and the proximal extent of the plate experienced the highest strain ( p < 0.001). This high strain resulted in lower forces required to cause fracture in the clinically significant scenarios of femoral torsion and lateral bending.

Conclusions:

Optimal plate fixation is achieved by extending a lateral femoral plate at least two shaft diameters proximal to the tip of the stem and using a spread of proximal screws. Distal fixation increases the strain experienced at the tip of the stem and higher strains are noted the smaller the gap between the proximal extent of the femoral plate and the tip of stem.
The use of an Ossis custom 3D-printed tri-flanged acetabular implant for major bone loss: minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Kieser David C , Ailabouni Ramez , Kieser Sandra C J , Wyatt Michael C , Armour Paul C , Coates Mark H , Hooper Gary J
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Custom 3D-printed acetabular implants are a new technology used in hip surgery with ever-increasing frequency. They offer patient-specific implants to optimise filling of bone defects and implant-bone contact, without the need for excessive bone resection.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 46 consecutive patients who underwent an Ossis unilateral custom 3D-printed acetabular implant. Clinical (Oxford Hip Score OHS-60), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiological (restoration of biomechanical hip centre, osteointegration, wear, heterotrophic ossification) results were assessed.

Results:

Patient mean age was 68 years and follow-up was 38 months (minimum 24 months). 10 patients were excluded from the outcome analysis; 2 patients died, 1 required revision for deep infection and 7 were lost to follow-up. Of the 36 patients included, 21 had severe osteolysis. 7 were revised for infection, 3 for tumoural defects, 3 for metallosis, 1 for dysplasia and 1 for trauma (Paprosky 2a [n=6], 2b [n=2], 2c [n=5], 3a [n=6], 3b [n=11], pelvic dissociation [n=6]). OHS significantly improved postoperatively (16-8-48.4 p=0.027). Postoperative functional scores were good (WOMAC 98; HHS 79). The biomechanical hip centre was restored in all patients. 1 patient had early implant migration with subsequent stabilisation. 2 patients had radiographs concerning for failure of osteointegration. 1 patient had recurrent dislocations.

Conclusions:

The mid-term results of the Ossis custom 3D-printed tri-flanged acetabular implant for the management of severe acetabular defects are encouraging. The improvement in functional scores and radiographic outcomes are comparable to similar designs. In addition, no cases have required revision for aseptic loosening.
Patient positioning and cup orientation during total hip arthroplasty: assessment of current UK practice
Authors: Rutherford Megan , O’Connor John D , Hill Janet C , Beverland David E , Lennon Alex B , Dunne Nicholas J
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Acetabular cup orientation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a challenge. This is influenced by patient positioning during surgery and the method used to orientate the acetabular cup. The aim of this study was to assess current UK practice for patient positioning and cup orientation, particularly with respect to patient supports and techniques used to achieve target version and inclination.

Methods:

A literature review and pilot study were initially conducted to develop the questionnaire, which was completed by British Hip Society members ( n = 183). As the majority of THA surgical procedures within the UK are performed with the patient in lateral decubitus, orthopaedic surgeons who operated with the patient in the supine position were excluded ( n = 18); a further 6% were incomplete and also excluded ( n = 11).

Results:

Of those who operated in lateral decubitus, 76.6% ( n = 118/154) used the posterior approach. Only 31% ( n = 47/154) considered their supports to be completely rigid. More than 35% ( n = 55/154) were unhappy with the supports that they presently use. The most common methods for controlling operative inclination and version were a mechanical alignment guide (MAG; n = 78/154; 50.6%) and the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL; n = 82/154; 53.2%); 31.2% (48/154) used a freehand technique to control operative inclination.

Conclusion:

Limited studies have been conducted whereby patient supports have been analysed and key design principles outlined. With 35.7% of the orthopaedic surgeons surveyed having issues with their current supports, a greater awareness of essential characteristics for patient supports is required.
Early application of an intermittent pneumatic compression device is safe and results in proximal arteriovenous fistula enlargement
Authors: Desai Sanjay , Mitra Amit , Arkans Ed , Singh Tej M
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Delays in arteriovenous fistula maturation can cause care delays and increased costs. Increased distention pressure and intermittent wall shear stress may dilate veins based on prior research. Early use of non-invasive devices may help assist clinical arteriovenous fistula dilation.

Methods:

This was an Institutional Review Board approved study. After arteriovenous fistula creation, a novel, intermittent pneumatic compression device (Fist Assist®) was applied 15 cm proximal to arteriovenous fistula enabling 60 mmHg of cyclic compression for 6 h daily for 30 days. Among the patients who completed 1 month follow-up, 30 (n = 30) arteriovenous fistula patients were in the study arm to test vein dilation with Fist Assist. Controls (n = 16) used a sham device. Vein size was measured and recorded at baseline and after 30 days by duplex measurement. Clinical results (percentage increase) were recorded and tested for significance.

Results:

No patients experienced thrombosis or adverse effects. Patient compliance and satisfaction was high. After 1 month, the mean percentage increase in vein diameter in the Fist Assist treatment group was significantly larger (p = 0.026) than controls in the first 5 mm segment of the fistula after the anastomosis. All fistulas treated with Fist Assist are still functional with no reported thrombosis or extravasations.

Conclusions:

Early application of an intermittent pneumatic compression device may assist in arteriovenous fistula dilation and are safe. Non-invasive devices like Fist Assist may have clinical utility to help fistulae development and decrease costs as they may eventually assist maturation.
A Bayesian Gene-Based Genome-Wide Association Study Analysis of Osteosarcoma Trio Data Using a Hierarchically Structured Prior
Authors: Yang Yi , Basu Saonli , Mirabello Lisa , Spector Logan , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2018

Osteosarcoma is considered to be the most common primary malignant bone cancer among children and young adults. Previous studies suggest growth spurts and height to be risk factors for osteosarcoma. However, studies on the genetic cause are still limited given the rare occurrence of the disease. In this study, we investigated in a family trio data set that is composed of 209 patients and their unaffected parents and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for osteosarcoma. We performed a Bayesian gene-based GWAS based on the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level summary statistics obtained from a likelihood ratio test of the trio data, which uses a hierarchically structured prior that incorporates the SNP-gene hierarchical structure. The Bayesian approach has higher power than SNP-level GWAS analysis due to the reduced number of tests and is robust by accounting for the correlations between SNPs so that it borrows information across SNPs within a gene. We identified 217 genes that achieved genome-wide significance. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the gene set indicated that osteosarcoma is potentially related to TP53, estrogen receptor signaling, xenobiotic metabolism signaling, and RANK signaling in osteoclasts.
Simultaneous Gastric Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Arakawa Noriyuki , Irisawa Atsushi , Shibukawa Goro , Sato Ai , Abe Yoko , Yamabe Akane , Takasakia Yusuke , Yoshida Yoshitsugu , Maki Takumi , Igarashi Ryo , Yamamoto Shogo , Ikeda Tsunehiko , Hojo Hiroshi
Published: May 2018

While some reports are available regarding metachronous gastric metastasis from renal cell carcinoma after treatment, there are few reports of primary lesion detection based on the diagnosis of a gastric metastatic lesion. The patient in this case was an 80-year-old woman who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after having developed anorexia 2 months earlier. A submucosal tumor with central umbilication was found in the gastric greater curvature. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a solid and hypoechoic mass with hypervascularity on color Doppler imaging that proliferated mainly within the submucosal layer. There was partial exposure of the tumor on the superficial layer. Biopsy was performed, as a neuroendocrine tumor was suspected; however, histopathological findings with immunostaining revealed gastric metastasis from clear renal cell carcinoma. Subsequently, contrast enhanced computed tomography showed right renal cell carcinoma and liver metastasis. Thus, molecularly targeted drug treatment was initiated by the Department of Urology. Our findings indicate that a primary lesion can be identified and prognosis can be assumed based on biopsy of the gastric metastatic lesion. Immunostaining of biopsy samples collected endoscopically could help achieve definite diagnosis.
Giant Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Case Report, Literature Review, and Algorithm for Classification
Authors: Ladha Malika A. , Haber Richard M.
Published: May 2018

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a member of the non-Langerhans cell group of proliferative disorders of mononuclear phagocytes. JXG is a benign tumour of histiocytic cells. Classic JXG is divided into 2 main clinical subtypes: dome-shaped papules (<0.5 cm) and single/multiple nodules (<2.0 cm). A rare variant is referred to as giant; this term encompasses JXG lesions larger than 2.0 cm. In this article, we report a case of a congenital cutaneous giant JXG. In addition, we reviewed and analyzed all cases (n = 51) of giant JXG reported in the English literature. We propose an algorithm for classifying giant JXG based on the following factors: onset of lesions (congenital and acquired), number of lesions (solitary ± satellites and multiple), morphology of cutaneous/mucosal lesions (plaque, nodular, ulcerated-nodular, macular, and other), and extracutaneous manifestations.
Analysis of the conditions for the occurrence of the effect of a minimum of friction in hybrid bearings based on the load separation principle
Authors: Polyakov Roman , Savin Leonid , Fetisov Alex
Published: May 2018

Reliability of rotating machinery is determined to a considerable degree by the bearing units. For several applications the requirements in rotational speed, bearing load and maximal vibration level are so extreme that neither rolling-element bearings nor fluid-film bearings could provide necessary operating characteristics during all regimes of operation. Hybrid bearings, which are a combination of rolling-element and fluid-film bearings, can improve performance characteristics and reliability of the rotor-bearing systems. A hybrid bearing, where a rolling-element bearing and a fluid-film bearing are positioned parallel to the vector of external load (PLEX), has the following advantages compared to a single bearing, whether rolling-element or fluid-film one: increase of life expectancy, load capacity increase, friction reduction, thermal regime enhancement, increase of stiffness, and damping properties. The present paper presents the results of theoretical and numerical research of friction characteristics of PLEX in mixed sliding and rolling friction, i.e. combination of viscous and rolling contact friction, regime. The conditions of minimum friction effect occurrence have been substantiated, and rational relations between characteristics of hybrid rolling-element bearings and fluid-film bearings needed for provision of such effect have been experimentally proven. Finally, the paper presents recommendations regarding design of such hybrid bearings for heavily loaded bearing nodes of rolling mills.