bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex, age, role and geographic differences in traumatic spinal fractures caused by motor vehicle collisions: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Hong , Guo Qin , Zhang Zhixin , Ou Lan , Wang Hongwei , Yu Hailong , Xiang Liangbi
Published: March 2023

To investigate the sex, age, role and geographic differences in traumatic spinal fractures (TSFs) caused by motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) in adults (≥ 18 years old). This was a multicentre retrospective observational study. In total, 798 patients with TSFs caused by MVCs admitted to our hospitals from January 2013 to December 2019 were enrolled. The patterns were summarized with respect to different sexes (male and female), age group (18–60 and ≥ 60), role (driver, passenger and pedestrian) and geographic location (Chongqing and Shenyang). Significant differences in distribution related to district (p = 0.018), role (p < 0.01), motorcycle (p = 0.011), battery electric vehicle (p = 0.045), bicycle (p = 0.027), coma after injury (p = 0.002), pelvic fracture (p = 0.021), craniocerebral injury (p = 0.008) and fracture location (p < 0.01) were observed between the male and female groups. Significant differences in distribution related to district (p < 0.01), role (p < 0.01), car (p = 0.013), coma after injury (p = 0.003), lower limb fracture (p = 0.016), fracture location (p = 0.001) and spinal cord injury (p < 0.01) were observed between the young adult and elderly groups. Significant differences in distribution related to sex ratio (p  <  0.01), age (p  <  0.01), district (p  <  0.01), most vehicles involved (P  <  0.01), lower limb fracture (p  <  0.01), pelvic fracture (p < 0.01), fracture location (p < 0.01), complications (p < 0.01), and spinal cord injury (p < 0.01) were observed between the three different groups of pedestrian, passenger, and driver. Significant differences in distribution related to sex ratio (p = 0.018), age (p < 0.01), role (p < 0.01), most vehicles involved (p < 0.01), coma after injury (p = 0.030), LLF (P = 0.002), pelvic fracture (p < 0.01), craniocerebral injury (p = 0.011), intrathoracic injury (p < 0.01), intra-abdominal injury (p < 0.01), complications (p = 0.033) and spinal cord injury (p < 0.01) were observed between the Chongqing and Shenyang groups. This study demonstrates the age-, gender-, role- and geographic-specific clinical characteristics of TSFs resulting from MVCs and reveals a significant relationship between different ages, sexes, roles, geographic locations and associated injuries, complications and spinal cord injuries.
Universal compilation for quantum state tomography
Authors: Hai Vu Tuan , Ho Le Bin
Published: March 2023

Universal compilation is a training process that compiles a trainable unitary into a target unitary. It has vast potential applications from depth-circuit compressing to device benchmarking and quantum error mitigation. Here we propose a universal compilation algorithm for quantum state tomography in low-depth quantum circuits. We apply the Fubini-Study distance as a trainable cost function and employ various gradient-based optimizations. We evaluate the performance of various trainable unitary topologies and the trainability of different optimizers for getting high efficiency and reveal the crucial role of the circuit depth in robust fidelity. The results are comparable with the shadow tomography method, a similar fashion in the field. Our work expresses the adequate capability of the universal compilation algorithm to maximize the efficiency in the quantum state tomography. Further, it promises applications in quantum metrology and sensing and is applicable in the near-term quantum computers for various quantum computing tasks.
Assessing the feasibility of the Inflation Reduction Act’s EV critical mineral targets
Authors: Trost Jenna N. , Dunn Jennifer B.
Published: March 2023

Electric vehicle batteries contain many internationally sourced critical minerals. Seeking a stable mineral supply, the US Inflation Reduction Act sets a market-value-based target for battery critical mineral content. In 2027, for an electric vehicle to be tax-credit eligible, 80% of the market value of critical minerals in its battery must be sourced domestically or from US free-trade partners. We determined that the target may be achievable for fully electric vehicles with nickel cobalt aluminium cathode batteries, but achieving the target with lithium iron phosphate and nickel cobalt manganese batteries would be challenging. We also note that a mass-based target could avoid some of the challenges posed by a market-value target, such as volatile market prices. We further conclude that the approach the Act has taken ignores the environmental effects of mining, non-critical minerals supply, support for recycling and definitions that avoid gamesmanship.
A genetic locus complements resistance to Bordetella pertussis-induced histamine sensitization
Authors: Raza Abbas , Diehl Sean A. , Krementsov Dimitry N. , Case Laure K. , Li Dawei , Kost Jason , Ball Robyn L. , Chesler Elissa J. , Philip Vivek M. , Huang Rui , Chen Yan , Ma Runlin , Tyler Anna L. , Mahoney J. Matthew , Blankenhorn Elizabeth P. , Teuscher Cory
Published: March 2023

Histamine plays pivotal role in normal physiology and dysregulated production of histamine or signaling through histamine receptors (HRH) can promote pathology. Previously, we showed that Bordetella pertussis or pertussis toxin can induce histamine sensitization in laboratory inbred mice and is genetically controlled by Hrh1/HRH1. HRH1 allotypes differ at three amino acid residues with P263-V313-L331 and L263-M313-S331, imparting sensitization and resistance respectively. Unexpectedly, we found several wild-derived inbred strains that carry the resistant HRH1 allotype (L263-M313-S331) but exhibit histamine sensitization. This suggests the existence of a locus modifying pertussis-dependent histamine sensitization. Congenic mapping identified the location of this modifier locus on mouse chromosome 6 within a functional linkage disequilibrium domain encoding multiple loci controlling sensitization to histamine. We utilized interval-specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based association testing across laboratory and wild-derived inbred mouse strains and functional prioritization analyses to identify candidate genes for this modifier locus. Atg7, Plxnd1, Tmcc1, Mkrn2, Il17re, Pparg, Lhfpl4, Vgll4, Rho and Syn2 are candidate genes within this modifier locus, which we named Bphse, enhancer of Bordetella pertussis induced histamine sensitization. Taken together, these results identify, using the evolutionarily significant diversity of wild-derived inbred mice, additional genetic mechanisms controlling histamine sensitization.
Achieving 100 climate neutral cities in Europe: Investigating climate city contracts in Sweden
Authors: Shabb Katherine , McCormick Kes
Published: March 2023

The European Commission has established a mission to achieve 100 climate neutral cities by 2030. A key element in the process is for municipalities to develop a Climate City Contract (CCC). Simultaneously, Viable Cities, a national strategic innovation program in Sweden, is also focusing on the transition to climate neutral cities where CCCs are being developed. Viable Cities is at the forefront of the process by not only creating the first CCCs at the national level but also in supporting the European Commission in developing the CCCs at the European level. This article investigates thefirstCCCs in Sweden and consequently Europe. To do so, it evaluates the content of the Swedish CCCs against a framework for best practice deep decarbonization plans, developed by Linton et al.1; and also analyses the process of developing them. This article is based on a literature review, document analysis of the Swedish CCCs from nine municipalities, and draws on five interviews with the municipalities of Lund, Umeå and Stockholm and Viable Cities. The objective of this article is to investigate the content and process of Swedish CCCs but also to generate insights for subsequent CCCs that are to be developed across Europe.
ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation of the thermal decomposition reaction of bio-based polyester materials
Authors: Li Xinyu , Han Yue , Qu Jiajun , Chen Qionghai , Wei Yuan , Hou Guanyi , Liu Jun
Published: March 2023

The ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation method was employed for investigating the thermal decomposition mechanism of bio-based polyester elastomers.
A ligand design strategy to enhance catalyst stability for efficient formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Guo Jian , Li Maoliang , Yin Chengkai , Li Xiaobin , Wang Yilin , Yuan Jingcheng , Qi Tiangui
Published: March 2023

Ligand modifications for a previously reported type of Ir catalyst for formic acid dehydrogenation were achieved using a sulfonamide group. The modified catalysts exhibit better stability in air.
Pyridyl-containing graphdiyne stabilizes sub-2 nm ultrasmall copper nanoclusters for the electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Dai Hao , Zou Haiyuan , Song Tao , Gao Lei , Wei Shuting , Liu Hong , Xiong Huatian , Huang Changshui , Duan Lele
Published: March 2023

Pyridyl-containing graphdiyne provides well-defined sites for stabilizing sub-2 nm copper nanoclusters, which show an optimum CH4faradaic efficiency of 58% in the electrochemical CO2reduction reaction.
Patterned interlayer enables a highly stable and reversible sodium metal anode for sodium-metal batteries
Authors: Soni Chhail Bihari , Sungjemmenla  , Vineeth S. K. , Kumar C. Sanjay , Kumar Vipin
Published: March 2023

An interlayer with a unique pattern arrangement can alter sodium deposition to mitigate dendrite growth and to facilitate a smooth sodium deposition. The stability of sodium metal anode improves significantly with the patterned interlayer.
Electrokinetic generation of iron-rich barriers in soils: realising the potential for nuclear site management and decommissioning
Authors: Purkis Jamie M. , Burrell Frances , Brydie James R. , Graham James , Hopkinson Laurence , Cundy Andrew B.
Published: March 2023

The electrokinetic generation of iron-rich barriers at scale under realistic site conditions is demonstrated, with potential application for subsurface contaminant management at nuclear and other sites.
An aptamer array for discriminating tetracycline antibiotics based on binding-enhanced intrinsic fluorescence
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Gao Biwen , Chen Yijing , Liu Juewen
Published: March 2023

Ten DNA aptamers for tetracycline antibiotics studied using the intrinsic fluorescence. Using three of the aptamers, a sensor array is produced to discriminate tetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline from each other and from other molecules.
The fabrication of N-doped carbon dots by methionine and their utility in sensing Cu2+ in real water
Authors: Sun Peng , Song Wanyu , Zou Yu , Tian Miaomiao , Zhang Fang , Chai Fang
Published: March 2023

The fabrication and sensing process of Met-CDs.
Triphenylphosphine oxide promoting visible-light-driven C–C coupling via desulfurization
Authors: Stewart Shea , Maloney Robert , Sun Yugang
Published: March 2023

Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) can form a complex in solution, promoting visible light absorption to trigger electron transfer within the complex and generate radicals suitable to drive the desulfurization of mercaptans.
Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols via Rh(iii)-catalyzed alkenyl C–H activation assisted by phosphonium cations
Authors: Mao Yan , Chen Wenxi , Li Changchang , Miao Lin , Lin Yanfei , Ling Fei , Chen Zhangpei , Yao Jinzhong
Published: March 2023

The efficient rhodium(iii)-catalyzed coupling of phosphonium cations with internal alkynes for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted phenols is described.
Perchlorate-induced structural diversity in thiosemicarbazone copper(ii) complexes provides insights to understand the reactivity in acidic and basic media
Authors: Gil-García Rubén , Madariaga Gotzon , Jiménez-Pérez Alondra , Herrán-Torres Ignacio , Gago-González Adrián , Ugalde María , Januskaitis Vaidas , Barrera-García Joaquín , Insausti Maite , S. Galletero María , Borrás Joaquín , Cuevas José Vicente , Pedrido Rosa , Gómez-Saiz Patricia , Lezama Luis , García-Tojal Javier
Published: March 2023

Perchlorate ions induce structural diversity in a thiosemicarbazone copper(ii) system, whose aqueous chemistry includes desulfurization reactions even at physiological pH values.
Structure and anomalous underscreening in ethylammonium nitrate solutions confined between two mica surfaces
Authors: Fung Y. K. Catherine , Perkin Susan
Published: March 2023

We present direct measurements of the interaction force as a function of separation distance, measured using a surface force balance, across solutions of a protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate and its mixtures with water.
Compressive molding of engineered tissues via thermoresponsive hydrogel devices
Authors: Cassel de Camps Camille , Mok Stephanie , Ashby Emily , Li Chen , Lépine Paula , Durcan Thomas M. , Moraes Christopher
Published: March 2023

A thermoresponsive hydrogel platform is used to compressively mold and release microtissues on demand. Brain organoids were molded into ring shapes and differentiated within hydrogel devices during long-term culture.
Vanadium fluorophosphates: advanced cathode materials for next-generation secondary batteries
Authors: Xu Shitan , Yang Yi , Tang Fang , Yao Yu , Lv Xiang , Liu Lin , Xu Chen , Feng Yuezhan , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan
Published: March 2023

The recent progress on vanadium fluorophosphate cathodes for sodium (potassium) ion batteries is systematically summarized, including their crystal structure, Na+/K+ storage mechanism, modification strategy, and electrochemical performance.
Synthesis of camphene by α-pinene isomerization using acid nano titanium dioxide catalysts
Authors: Wu Wenxing , Chen Yanqi , Liu Naiwang , Shi Li , Meng Xuan
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated the application of an acidic titanium dioxide catalyst in fixed bed reactors for the isomerization of α-pinenes.
Design and development of a porous nanorod-based nickel-metal–organic framework (Ni-MOF) for high-performance supercapacitor application
Authors: Bhosale Rakhee , Bhosale Sneha , Kumbhar Pramod , Narale Dattatray , Ghaware Rachana , Jambhale Chitra , Kolekar Sanjay
Published: March 2023

Fabrication of a pristine MOF for the development of an asymmetric supercapacitor device for energy-storage applications.
A benzimidazole-derived fluorescent chemosensor for Cu(ii)-selective turn-off and Zn(ii)-selective ratiometric turn-on detection in aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhu Wan-Yu , Liu Kai , Zhang Xuan
Published: March 2023

A benzimidazole-derived fluorescent chemosensor for Cu(ii)-selective turn-off and Zn(ii)-selective ratiometric turn-on detection is developed in an aqueous solution.
Coiling of semiflexible paramagnetic colloidal chains
Authors: Spatafora-Salazar Aldo , Kuei Steve , Cunha Lucas H. P. , Biswal Sibani Lisa
Published: March 2023

The parameters of a circular rotating magnetic field (CRMF) control the coiling mechanism and the morphology of the coiling loops of semiflexible paramagnetic colloidal chains.
Alignment properties of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal on the rubbed substrates
Authors: Yu Jeong-Seon , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Jun-Yong , Kim Jong-Hyun
Published: March 2023

The orientation characteristics of FNLC-919, a new material with a ferroelectric nematic phase at room temperature, were investigated.
UN Sustainable Development Goal 2 – Zero hunger
Authors: Cole-Hamilton David
Published: March 2023

Agrochemicals help feed the world. Ammonia production uses huge amounts of methane and energy whilst contributing 1.8% of CO2. Green hydrogen would alleviate these problems whilst directed delivery could eliminate run off and eutrophication.
Mannuronate C-5 epimerases and their use in alginate modification
Authors: Petersen Agnes Beenfeldt , Tøndervik Anne , Gaardløs Margrethe , Ertesvåg Helga , Sletta Håvard , Aachmann Finn Lillelund
Published: March 2023

Alginate is a polysaccharide consisting of β-D-mannuronate (M) and α-L-guluronate (G) produced by brown algae and some bacterial species. Alginate has a wide range of industrial and pharmaceutical applications, owing mainly to its gelling and viscosifying properties. Alginates with high G content are considered more valuable since the G residues can form hydrogels with divalent cations. Alginates are modified by lyases, acetylases, and epimerases. Alginate lyases are produced by alginate-producing organisms and by organisms that use alginate as a carbon source. Acetylation protects alginate from lyases and epimerases. Following biosynthesis, alginate C-5 epimerases convert M to G residues at the polymer level. Alginate epimerases have been found in brown algae and alginate-producing bacteria, predominantly Azotobacter and Pseudomonas species. The best characterised epimerases are the extracellular family of AlgE1-7 from Azotobacter vinelandii(Av). AlgE1-7 all consist of combinations of one or two catalytic A-modules and one to seven regulatory R-modules, but even though they are sequentially and structurally similar, they create different epimerisation patterns. This makes the AlgE enzymes promising for tailoring of alginates to have the desired properties. The present review describes the current state of knowledge regarding alginate-active enzymes with focus on epimerases, characterisation of the epimerase reaction, and how alginate epimerases can be used in alginate production.
Glycoside hydrolases active on microbial exopolysaccharide α-glucans: structures and function
Authors: Miyazaki Takatsugu
Published: March 2023

Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature and is an important energy source for living organisms. Glucose exists primarily as oligomers or polymers and organisms break it down and consume it. Starch is an important plant-derived α-glucan in the human diet. The enzymes that degrade this α-glucan have been well studied as they are ubiquitous throughout nature. Some bacteria and fungi produce α-glucans with different glucosidic linkages compared with that of starch, and their structures are quite complex and not fully understood. Compared with enzymes that degrade the α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) linkages in starch, biochemical and structural studies of the enzymes that catabolize α-glucans from these microorganisms are limited. This review focuses on glycoside hydrolases that act on microbial exopolysaccharide α-glucans containing α-(1→6), α-(1→3), and α-(1→2) linkages. Recently acquired information regarding microbial genomes has contributed to the discovery of enzymes with new substrate specificities compared with that of previously studied enzymes. The discovery of new microbial α-glucan-hydrolyzing enzymes suggests previously unknown carbohydrate utilization pathways and reveals strategies for microorganisms to obtain energy from external sources. In addition, structural analysis of α-glucan degrading enzymes has revealed their substrate recognition mechanisms and expanded their potential use as tools for understanding complex carbohydrate structures. In this review, the author summarizes the recent progress in the structural biology of microbial α-glucan degrading enzymes, touching on previous studies of microbial α-glucan degrading enzymes.
Convective blueshift strengths for 242 evolved stars
Authors: Liebing F. , Jeffers S. V. , Zechmeister M. , Reiners A.
Published: March 2023

Context. With the advent of extreme precision radial velocity (RV) surveys, seeking to detect planets at RV semi-amplitudes of 10 cm s−1, intrinsic stellar variability is the biggest challenge to detecting small exoplanets. To overcome the challenge we must first thoroughly understand all facets of stellar variability. Among those, convective blueshift caused by stellar granulation and its suppression through magnetic activity plays a significant role in covering planetary signals in stellar jitter.

Aims. Previously we found that for main sequence stars, convective blueshift as an observational proxy for the strength of convection near the stellar surface strongly depends on effective temperature. In this work we investigate 242 post main sequence stars, covering the subgiant, red giant, and asymptotic giant phases and empirically determine the changes in convective blueshift with advancing stellar evolution.

Methods. We used the third signature scaling approach to fit a solar model for the convective blueshift to absorption-line shift measurements from a sample of coadded HARPS spectra, ranging in temperature from 3750 K to 6150 K. We compare the results to main sequence stars of comparable temperatures but with a higher surface gravity.

Results. We show that convective blueshift becomes significantly stronger for evolved stars compared to main sequence stars of a similar temperature. The difference increases as the star becomes more evolved, reaching a 5× increase below 4300 K for the most evolved stars. The large number of stars in the sample, for the first time, allowed for us to empirically show that convective blueshift remains almost constant among the entire evolved star sample at roughly solar convection strength with a slight increase from the red giant phase onward. We discover that the convective blueshift shows a local minimum for subgiant stars, presenting a sweet spot for exoplanet searches around higher mass stars, by taking advantage of their spin-down during the subgiant transition.
Five methods for determining pattern speeds in galaxies
Authors: Pfenniger Daniel , Saha Kanak , Wu Yu-Ting
Published: March 2023

Context.After matter distribution and kinematics, the bar or spiral pattern speeds are the next fundamental parameters determining the dynamics of a galaxy.

Aims.New or refined methods for determining instantaneous scalar and vector pattern speeds from a restricted domain are developed for applications inN-body simulations or in galaxies such as the Milky Way, for which the stellar coordinates become increasingly better known.

Methods.The general feature used throughout follows from the fact that the time derivative of a function of the coordinates is linearly proportional to its rotation rate and its particle velocities. Knowing these therefore allows retrieving the instantaneous pattern speed vector by linear optimization. Similarly, if an invariant function depends on the position and velocities, then its instantaneous rotation vectors in space can be retrieved. Knowing the accelerations also allows determining the pattern rotation of velocity space.

Results.The first three methods are based on the assumed rotational invariance of functions at each point in space or velocity space: (1) the 6D invariant function method, measuring the pattern speed vectors in space and velocity space, (2) the differential/regional 3D Tremaine-Weinberg method, evaluated over regions with a high signal-to-noise ratio, (3) the 3D Jacobi integral method, yielding the potential pattern speed. Extensions to derive the rotation center position, speed, and acceleration are introduced in the first and third methods. The last two methods are based on the assumed invariance of average functions of the particle coordinates: (4) the 2D and 3D moment of inertia methods by using the derivative of the singular value decomposition, (5) the 2D Fourier method (3D form = 2 mode), giving the mode rotation speeds. Pattern speed accelerations are also derived in the fourth and fifth methods.

Conclusions.Depending on the available data in specific problems, the different methods provide a choice of approaches.
Urban Protection and Renewal Based on Context Heritage--Renewal design of Yantai old town
Authors: Liu Qiming , Yang Liwei
Published: March 2023

With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of people’s pursuit of spiritual home construction, the standards required for the protection and renewal of historical and cultural sites are rising, and not only the tourist attractions and commercial blocks in ancient historical and cultural sites need to be protected, repaired and infused with the vitality and charm of the new era. The external natural landscape belt connecting the ancient city wall and supporting leisure facilities also need to complement the scenery in the city.

The research background of this paper is Yantai City of Shandong Province tourist attractions as an example, the use of field research and literature research, to analyze the history of the city, using the method of local conditions to match planting, using the charm of ancient poetry to create scenery, to show the outside world the charm of Yantai, to show the world “ to show the world the ancient city called Suocheng, it covers half of the history of Yantai. Standing at the root of the ancient city wall to enjoy the scenery, as if to appreciate the charm of all kinds of beautiful historical city in the world” The charm of the historic old town.
Research on the Strategy of Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Relics--Take the former site of the training institute for skilled workers in Nanman Army Arsenal as an example
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Wang He
Published: March 2023

The former site of the Training Institute for Skilled Persons in Nanman Army Arsenal is located on the campus of Dadong Vocational College in Shenyang, and it is the fifth batch of cultural relics protection units announced by Shenyang. Firstly, this paper gives a brief introduction to the “old site” buildings, and then summarizes the existing diseases of cultural relics buildings by means of on-site investigation and engineering surveying and mapping. Adhering to the tenet of “utilization is the best protection”, this paper focuses on the principles and strategies of protection and utilization of cultural relics buildings, so that cultural relics buildings can be well repaired and historical information and values can be better protected.
Optimization design of real-time scheduling scheme for city bus vehicles based on BP neural network
Authors: Xu Qiangqiang , Guo Junhua , Gao Jianjie , Cheng Xi
Published: March 2023

Urban public transportation is inseparably related to people’s travel and life. Prioritizing the development of public transportation is a major national policy proposed by the Chinese government, especially to actively promote the development of intelligent public transportation systems. Developing and building advanced intelligent public transport operation and scheduling management system, designing efficient, flexible and low-cost operation and scheduling mode, improving the management level and service quality of public transport enterprises, and thus improving the road traffic condition of the whole city, is undoubtedly the future development direction of public transport enterprises. This paper combines the problems of bus operation and scheduling in China at the present stage, and proposes the operation and scheduling model and method of the intelligent urban public transportation planning system, with a view to realizing a flexible public transportation operation model suitable for different service situations and providing systematic theoretical support for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of public transportation.
Research on AHP-based fuzzy evaluation of the spatial environment recovery of community parks in cold cities
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Liang Yaru
Published: March 2023

Community parks provide many spatial environments and healing places in cold regional cities, and are important for human well-being, satisfaction and mood regulation. However, few studies have comprehensively explored the effects of weak support for health and recovery in cold cities. The new method integrated fuzzy mathematical evaluation into an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) approach to analyze the relationship between health restoration influence mechanisms and environmental elements, proposed four evaluation factors, including the restorability of the natural landscape, of psychological perception, of spatial facilities and of the surrounding environment, and constructed the basic framework of a spatial environmental restorability evaluation system in cold regions. Therefore, taking Harbin’s Shangzhi Park as an example, this study uses AHP to construct an evaluation system for the spatial environmental recovery of community parks in cold cities. The research finds that natural landscape restorability is more important than other environmental factors, and plant species richness is important for healing physical and mental health.
Layout and optimization of EV charging infrastructure based on service scope constraints: A case study of Tianjin
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Chuanneng , Tang Xing , Yang Jiaqi , Guo Haobo
Published: March 2023

The development of electric vehicles (EV) is constrained by factors such as the spatial distribution and planning volume of charging infrastructure. In order to determine the planning volume of charging piles in charging stations and the spatial layout of charging infrastructure service area within the service radius of Tianjin, this paper firstly determines the service area demand based on the service radius, combined with the demand prediction function and the EV ownership, and secondly forms the charging infrastructure service area with the central place theory large spatial layout, and finally determine the planning volume of charging infrastructure through queuing service system. The research results can provide a new theoretical basis for the layout planning of charging infrastructure, and finally put forward the relevant factors and development trends for the optimal layout of charging facilities.
Time Window Delineation for Shared Parking in Urban Center
Authors: Xue Han , Chen Li
Published: March 2023

The key to solving parking problem in urban centers using shared parking strategy lies in parking demand prediction and time window delineation for shared parking spaces. By analyzing the temporal distribution of parking demand for different land types, the influence of public transport on the demand for private car trips, and the analysis of residents’ behavior of parking sharing, a behavioral choice-parking generation rate prediction model for shared parking demand is constructed. And on this basis, the study also lays emphasis on the principles and methods of parking time windows, predicts the number of available parking spaces and reserved parking spaces during the parking sharing period, and identifies the time windows for shared parking in the urban center.
Immuntherapie in der Hepatogastroenterologie: Wirkung und Nebenwirkung
Authors: Krimmel Laurenz , Quante Michael , Bengsch Bertram
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Ösophagus-Karzinom Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) sind Bestandteil der adjuvanten Therapie des Plattenepithelkarzinoms und des Karzinoms des ösophagogastralen Übergangs nach vorheriger neoadjuvanter Radiotherapie. Die Kombination von ICI mit Chemotherapie (CTx) ist in der palliativen ersten (Nivolumab und Ipilimumab) und zweiten (Nivolumab) Therapielinie zugelassen. Plattenepithelkarzinome sprechen wahrscheinlich besser auf ICI an als Adenokarzinome und es gibt eine Zulassung für Ipilimumab und Nivolumab als alleinige ICI-Therapie für Plattenepithelkarzinome.

Magenkarzinom Die Kombination von Chemotherapie mit ICI ist auch beim metastasierten Magenkarzinom wirksam und zugelassen. Mikrosatelliten-instabile (MSI-H) Tumore sprechen besonders gut auf ICI an und können in der 2. Linie mit Pembrolizumab behandelt werden.

Kolorektales Karzinom Pembrolizumab ist als Erstlinientherapie und Nivolumab in Kombination mit Ipilimumab als Zweitlinientherapie für MSI-H/dMMR metastasierte Kolorektale Karzinome (CRC) etabliert. Für andere CRC ist bislang keine Zulassung erfolgt.

Hepatozelluläres Karzinom Atezolizumab in Kombination mit Bevacizumab hat seine Überlegenheit gegenüber Sorafenib in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) bewiesen und ist der neue Therapiestandard in der Erstlinie. Für weitere ICI liegen bereits positive Phase-III-Studien vor.

Biliäre Karzinome Durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) mit Gemcitabin/Cisplatin war in einer Phase-III-Studie erfolgreich in der Behandlung von inoperablen, cholangiozellulären und Gallenblasen-Karzinomen. Eine Zulassung ist noch nicht erfolgt. Pembrolizumab ist in der Zweitlinientherapie für MSI-H/Mismatch-Reparatur-defizienten (dMMR) Karzinomen in Europa zugelassen.

Pankreaskarzinom ICI konnten in der Behandlung des Pankreaskarzinoms bisher keine klinischen Effekte aufzeigen. Einzig in der Zweitlinientherapie von MSI-H/dMMR-Pankreaskarzinomen ist Pembrolizumab von der FDA zugelassen.

Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen ICI bewirken eine Disinhibition der Immunantwort, die immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen (iNW) auslösen kann. Häufig betroffen sind Haut, Gastrointestinaltrakt, Leber und endokrine Organe. Bei höhergradigen Nebenwirkungen (ab Grad 2) muss die Immuntherapie pausiert und meist eine Steroidbehandlung begonnen werden. Nach Grad 4 iNW sollte i.d.R. keine Wiederaufnahme von ICI stattfinden. Der frühe, hochdosierte Einsatz von Steroiden wirkt sich negativ auf das onkologische Patientenoutcome aus. Neue Therapieansätze für iNW wie die Extrakorporale Photopherese befinden sich in klinischer Erprobung.
Mammakarzinom beim Mann
Authors: Preuss Caroline , Wunderle Marius , Hack Carolin C. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Wenkel Evelyn , Jud Sebastian , Heindl Felix
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Risikofaktoren Hormonelles Ungleichgewicht, Gynäkomastie, Lifestyle-Faktoren und genetische Veränderungen (insbesondere BRCA2-Mutationen) zählen zu den Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Mammakarzinom beim Mann.

Prognose Die Brustkrebserkrankungen von Männern gehen mit einer schlechteren Prognose einher als die der Frauen.

Diagnostik Zur Abklärung eines suspekten Befunds in der männlichen Brust sollten nach Anamnese und klinischer Untersuchung eine Mammasonografie und Mammografie durchgeführt werden.

Therapie Die Behandlung wird in enger Anlehnung an das Vorgehen bei der Brustkrebserkrankung der Frau durchgeführt. Es steht eine Vielzahl an medikamentösen Therapiemöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Einige sind jedoch nur als Off-Label-Use anzuwenden, da eine Zulassung beim Mann fehlt.

Nachsorge Die Nachsorge erfolgt nach einem standardisierten Nachsorgeschema analog dem weiblichen Mammakarzinom. Bei positiver Familienanamnese für das Mammakarzinom und/oder Ovarialkarzinom erfolgt die Beratung und Testung gemäß den Kriterien des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs.
Steuerung der Volumentherapie von Intensivpatienten: Neue Strategien und optimale Zielparameter?
Authors: Fortenbacher Silke , John Stefan
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?

Strategien zum Volumenmanagement – Vorteile individualisierter Ansätze: Es bestehen nach wie vor Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich des optimalen Volumenmanagements in der Schocktherapie, insbesondere in der Initialphase des septischen Schocks. Sowohl eine Hypovolämie als auch eine Hypervolämie sind schädlich und führen zu Organdysfunktionen und negativem Outcome. In zahlreichen Studien wurde eine Korrelation zwischen Volumenüberladung und erhöhter Sterblichkeit bei kritisch kranken Patienten nachgewiesen. Ob jedoch ein restriktives Volumenmanagement einen Überlebensvorteil darstellt, konnte bislang nicht aufgezeigt werden. In einer kürzlich hierzu veröffentlichten internationalen Studie wurde ein restriktives Volumenmanagement mit einer Standardvolumentherapie im septischen Schock in Bezug auf die 90 Tage-Mortalität untersucht. Hier fand sich keine geringere Mortalitätsrate in der Gruppe mit restriktiver Volumentherapie. Anstelle eines starren Flüssigkeitsregimes sollte ein patientenadaptiertes Volumenmanagement erfolgen.

Steuerung der Volumentherapie – evidenzbasierte Ziele und Kriterien fehlen: Klar definierte, evidenzbasierte Ziele und Kriterien für die Steuerung der Volumentherapie von Schockpatienten existieren nicht. Ein wichtiges Instrument stellt die Testung der Volumenreagibilität dar. Bei ihrer Beurteilung werden dynamische Parameter statischen Parametern vorgezogen: die atemabhängige Pulsdruckvariation (PPV) bzw. die Schlagvolumenvariation (SVV), die sonographische Kompression der V. cava inferior oder die Zunahme des Schlagvolumens im passive leg raise-Test (PLR) sagen zuverlässiger einen Anstieg des Herzzeitvolumens als Antwort auf eine Volumengabe vorher.
Supercontinuum generation in antimony zinc borate glasses—A material perspective
Authors: Samuel Alan B. , Neethish M. M. , Ravi Kanth Kumar V. V. , Nalam Samuel Anurag , Sree Harsha S. , Prem Kiran P.
Published: March 2023

Supercontinuum (SC) generation from alkali antimony zinc borate glasses was investigated using a femtosecond laser. The optical bandgap values were determined for all the glass samples. An enhancement in the generated SC is seen from sodium-doped glass although it possesses the least bandgap among the glass samples. The physical parameters of the glasses such as density, molar volume, refractive index, oxide ion polarizability, and optical basicity have been analyzed and discussed. The smaller values of the metallization criterion indicate the tendency of the glass samples to exhibit metallic behavior, which, in turn, affects the non-linear optical properties of the glasses. The shift in the binding energies of metal cations and oxygen anions was observed using XPS analysis, which gives an understanding about the extent of overlapping of valence orbitals in the glass system. The observations from the physical and structural investigations provide an insight into the anomaly in the enhanced SC generation from the low bandgap sodium-doped glass.
Emergence of pseudo-time during optimal Monte Carlo sampling and temporal aspects of symmetry breaking and restoration
Authors: He Yang , Lubchenko Vassiliy
Published: March 2023

We argue that one can associate a pseudo-time with sequences of configurations generated in the course of classical Monte Carlo simulations for a single-minimum bound state if the sampling is optimal. Hereby, the sampling rates can be, under special circumstances, calibrated against the relaxation rate and frequency of motion of an actual physical system. The latter possibility is linked to the optimal sampling regime being a universal crossover separating two distinct suboptimal sampling regimes analogous to the physical phenomena of diffusion and effusion, respectively. Bound states break symmetry; one may thus regard the pseudo-time as a quantity emerging together with the bound state. Conversely, when transport among distinct bound states takes place—thus restoring symmetry—a pseudo-time can no longer be defined. One can still quantify activation barriers if the latter barriers are smooth, but simulation becomes impractically slow and pertains to overdamped transport only. Specially designed Monte Carlo moves that bypass activation barriers—so as to accelerate sampling of the thermodynamics—amount to effusive transport and lead to severe under-sampling of transition-state configurations that separate distinct bound states while destroying the said universality. Implications of the present findings for simulations of glassy liquids are discussed.
The triple decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor as a standardized real Schur form
Authors: Kronborg Joel , Hoffman Johan
Published: March 2023

The triple decomposition of a velocity gradient tensor provides an analysis tool in fluid mechanics by which the flow can be split into a sum of irrotational straining flow, shear flow, and rigid body rotational flow. In 2007, Kolář formulated an optimization problem to compute the triple decomposition [V. Kolář, “Vortex identification: New requirements and limitations,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 28, 638–652 (2007)], and more recently, the triple decomposition has been connected to the Schur form of the associated matrix. We show that the standardized real Schur form, which can be computed by state of the art linear algebra routines, is a solution to the optimization problem posed by Kolář. We also demonstrate why using the standardized variant of the real Schur form makes computation of the triple decomposition more efficient. Furthermore, we illustrate why different structures of the real Schur form correspond to different alignments of the coordinate system with the fluid flow and may, therefore, lead to differences in the resulting triple decomposition. Based on these results, we propose a new, simplified algorithm for computing the triple decomposition, which guarantees consistent results.
Criterion for bubble encapsulation on drop impact onto a liquid film
Authors: Ribeiro D. , Silva A. R. R. , Panão M. R. O.
Published: March 2023

The phenomenon of bubble encapsulation results from droplet impact on a liquid film for specific impact conditions, but there is no established criterion for predicting its onset. Phenomenon visualization from two perspectives, the common lateral perspective and a bottom perspective, provided insights into the dynamics and formation mechanisms. Namely, the bottom shadowgraphs show capillary wavy patterns and perturbations imposed on the steady liquid film, which suggests a greater role of the liquid film in the onset of bubble encapsulation. Also, some considerations about the cavity development underneath the bubble limited by the solid wall allow concluding that the cavity shape is independent of the bubble encapsulation phenomenon. Additionally, using the bottom shadowgraphs, the crown closure time shows a systematic decrease in the dimensionless film thickness of 0.5<δf<0.6, which will be subject of future work. Finally, while most drop impact correlations focus on using the droplets' characteristics and thermophysical properties, the experimental results point in a different direction. Considering correlations relating the Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers, the new criterion for the onset of bubble encapsulation uses drop characteristics and properties in the Reynolds number, while the liquid film thickness and thermophysical properties are used in the Ohnesorge number because most of the crown material comes from the liquid film. Therefore, the criterion based on 100% occurrence of bubble encapsulation is not a threshold, but a range: kbe=ln(34.5/ReD)/ln(Ohf), with kbe∈[1.022,1.142]. Other authors observed this phenomenon and despite being outside the validation range of this correlation, the values are close to their boundaries.
Diagnostics of plasma–liquids systems: Challenges and their mitigation
Authors: Yatom Shurik
Published: March 2023

This article will review two popular methods of laser diagnostics in a plasma–liquid system and generally in low-temperature plasmas. These are Thomson scattering and laser-induced fluorescence. Setting up the plasma–liquid interaction experiment will be described while stressing the important points for laser diagnostics and maintaining conditions for correct and repeatable measurements. I will discuss the caveats that are encountered when measuring an inherently unstable and collisional system, such as plasma interacting with the liquid and how these challenges impact that data analysis and calibration efforts for these two-diagnostic approaches.
Nanogap traps for passive bacteria concentration and single-point confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Han Jung Y. , Yeh Michael , DeVoe Don L.
Published: March 2023

A microfluidic device enabling the isolation and concentration of bacteria for analysis by confocal Raman spectroscopy is presented. The glass-on-silicon device employs a tapered chamber surrounded by a 500 nm gap that serves to concentrate cells at the chamber apex during sample perfusion. The sub-micrometer gap retains bacteria by size exclusion while allowing smaller contaminants to pass unimpeded. Concentrating bacteria within the fixed volume enables the use of single-point confocal Raman detection for the rapid acquisition of spectral signatures for bacteria identification. The technology is evaluated for the analysis of E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, and C. diphtheriae, with automated peak extraction yielding distinct spectral fingerprints for each pathogen at a concentration of 103 CFU/ml that compare favorably with spectra obtained from significantly higher concentration reference samples evaluated by conventional confocal Raman analysis. The nanogap technology offers a simple, robust, and passive approach to concentrating bacteria from dilute samples into well-defined optical detection volumes, enabling rapid and sensitive confocal Raman detection for label-free identification of focused cells.
Improved boundary conditions for lattice Boltzmann modeling of pool boiling at low temperature
Authors: Le Duc-Vinh , Li Jun , Li Hongying , Pan Lun-Sheng , Cheng Ming , Zhang Xiaowu , Kang Chang-Wei , Lou Jing
Published: March 2023

The pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) becomes popular in simulating the boiling heat transfer problems. By using the interaction force determined from an equation of state, the boiling phenomenon can occur spontaneously according to the thermodynamics, which avoids using empirical models for boiling. However, this pseudopotential interaction model also brings additional cause of instability, which becomes severe at high density ratios. Therefore, most of its previous boiling simulations are conducted at high saturated temperatures with low density ratios. Since the instability usually stems from the disturbance at the interfaces, we investigated the scheme of computing the solid pseudopotential for the solid–fluid interaction and proposed using the average surrounding fluid properties as the virtual solid temperature in addition to density. Droplet evaporation and film boiling problems at high saturated temperatures are simulated, and very good agreement is obtained when compared with the available numerical and analytical solutions, respectively. We then applied the pseudopotential LBM model to simulate droplet evaporation and pool boiling at a low reduced temperature of Tr=0.592 with a density ratio of 1000, as demonstrations of the improved numerical stability. Different boiling regimes are observed by varying the superheat imposed at the bottom wall.
Numerical analysis for film cooling characteristics of trenched hole under the effects of rib-disturbed feed flow and curved surface
Authors: Luo Lei , Yan Han , Du Wei , Hou Leyi , Fu Yao , Wang Songtao
Published: March 2023

Film holes are extensively utilized to protect the blade external surface by ejecting coolant, forming a protective film, and separating the hot gas and blade surface. Trenched holes, caused by the turbine blade coated with thermal barrier, greatly feature better film cooling performance than traditional cylinder holes. In this study, the effects of a rib-disturbed feed flow on the film cooling performance of trenched holes are studied through the numerical method. Two typical rib attacking angles, 45° and 135°, are compared with the blowing ratio increasing from 0.5 to 2.0. The effects of the curved surface (convex and concave) are also included. Numerical results prove that film effectiveness with the coolant fed by the rib-disturbed internal flow is sensitive to the blowing ratio. The rib-turbulated cooling flow entering the film hole is featured with different swirling states; therefore, the interaction between the mainstream and the cooling air of varied swirling state leads to different film coverage and effectiveness. Overall, 135° ribs induce better adiabatic film cooling effectiveness than 45° ribs, with a maximum improvement 34.9% at M = 0.5. Film effectiveness on the convex surface is better than that on flat and concave surfaces. Area-averaged η on convex and concave surfaces is, respectively, 4.7% higher and 6.2% lower than that on the flat surface. Normal pressure gradient established on the convex surface contributes to reducing the turbulence intensity and improving the film lateral coverage.