bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in Aluminum-Based Composites Prepared by Stir Casting: Mechanical and Tribological Properties for Automotive, Aerospace, and Military Applications
Authors: Sharma Sachin Kumar , Gajević Sandra , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Pradhan Reshab , Sharma Yogesh , Miletić Ivan , Stojanović Blaža
Published: November 2024

Manufacturing sectors, including automotive, aerospace, military, and aviation, are paying close attention to the increasing need for composite materials with better characteristics. Composite materials are significantly used in industry owing to their high-quality, low-cost materials with outstanding characteristics and low weight. Hence, aluminum-based materials are preferred over other traditional materials owing to their low cost, great wear resistance, and excellent strength-to-weight ratio. However, the mechanical characteristics and wear behavior of the Al-based materials can be further improved by using suitable reinforcing agents. The various reinforcing agents, including whiskers, particulates, continuous fibers, and discontinuous fibers, are widely used owing to enhanced tribological and mechanical behavior comparable to bare Al alloy. Further, the advancement in the overall characteristics of the composite material can be obtained by optimizing the process parameters of the processing approach and the amount and types of reinforcement. Amongst the various available techniques, stir casting is the most suitable technique for the manufacturing of composite material. The amount of reinforcement controls the porosity (%) of the composite, while the types of reinforcement identify the compatibility with Al alloy through improvement in the overall characteristics of the composites. Fly ash, SiC, TiC, Al2O3, TiO2, B4C, etc. are the most commonly used reinforcing agents in AMMCs (aluminum metal matrix composites). The current research emphasizes how different forms of reinforcement affect AMMCs and evaluates reinforcement influence on the mechanical and tribo characteristics of composite material.
Monitoring, Modeling, and Statistical Analysis in Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Johnson Grant A. , Dolde Matthew M. , Zaugg Jonathan T. , Quintana Maria J. , Collins Peter C.
Published: November 2024

Despite the significant advances made involving the additive manufacturing (AM) of metals, including those related to both materials and processes, challenges remain in regard to the rapid qualification and insertion of such materials into applications. In general, understanding the process–microstructure–property interrelationships is essential. To successfully understand these interrelationships on a process-by-process basis and exploit such knowledge in practice, leveraging monitoring, modeling, and statistical analysis is necessary. Monitoring allows for the identification and measurement of parameters and features associated with important physical processes that may vary spatially and temporally during the AM processes that will influence part properties, including spatial variations within a single part and part-to-part variability, and, ultimately, quality. Modeling allows for the prediction of physical processes, material states, and properties of future builds by creating material state abstractions that can then be tested or evolved virtually. Statistical analysis permits the data from monitoring to inform modeling, and vice versa, under the added consideration that physical measurements and mathematical abstractions contain uncertainties. Throughout this review, the feedstock, energy source, melt pool, defects, compositional distribution, microstructure, texture, residual stresses, and mechanical properties are examined from the points of view of monitoring, modeling, and statistical analysis. As with most active research subjects, there remain both possibilities and limitations, and these will be considered and discussed as appropriate.
Competitive Elimination Improved Differential Evolution for Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problems
Authors: Tao Sichen , Yang Yifei , Zhao Ruihan , Todo Hiroyoshi , Tang Zheng
Published: November 2024

The wind farm layout optimization problem (WFLOP) aims to maximize wind energy utilization efficiency under different wind conditions by optimizing the spatial layout of wind turbines to fully mitigate energy losses caused by wake effects. Some high-performance continuous optimization methods, such as differential evolution (DE) variants, exhibit limited performance when directly applied due to WFLOP’s discrete nature. Therefore, metaheuristic algorithms with inherent discrete characteristics like genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) have been extensively developed into current state-of-the-art WFLOP optimizers. In this paper, we propose a novel DE optimizer based on a genetic learning-guided competitive elimination mechanism called CEDE. By designing specialized genetic learning and competitive elimination mechanisms, we effectively address the issue of DE variants failing in the WFLOP due to a lack of discrete optimization characteristics. This method retains the adaptive parameter adjustment capability of advanced DE variants and actively enhances population diversity during convergence through the proposed mechanism, preventing premature convergence caused by non-adaptiveness. Experimental results show that under 10 complex wind field conditions, CEDE significantly outperforms six state-of-the-art WFLOP optimizers, improving the upper limit of power generation efficiency while demonstrating robustness and effectiveness. Additionally, our experiments introduce more realistic wind condition data to enhance WFLOP modeling.
On m-Negative Sets and Out Mondirected Topologies in the Human Nervous System
Authors: Damag Faten H. , Saif Amin , Kiliçman Adem , Ali Ekram E. , Mesmouli Mouataz B.
Published: November 2024

Using the monophonic paths in the theory of directed graphs, this paper constructs a new topology called the out mondirected topology, which characterizes the graphs that induce indiscrete or discrete topology. We give and study some of the relations and properties, such as the relationship between the isomorphic relation, in directed graphs and the homeomorphic property in out mondirected topological spaces, compactness, D±-connectedness, connectedness and D±-discrete properties. Finally, we apply our results of out mondirected topological spaces in the nervous system of the human body, such as in the messenger signal network, in diagrams of sensory neuron cells and in models of two distinct nicotinic receptor types based on the second messenger signal.
Weighted Statistical Convergence and Cluster Points: The Fibonacci Sequence-Based Approach Using Modulus Functions
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim S. , Brevik Iver , Agarwal Ravi P. , Yousif Majeed A. , Chorfi Nejmeddine , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the Fibonacci sequence, renowned for its significance across various fields, its ability to illuminate numerical concepts, and its role in uncovering patterns in mathematics and nature, forms the foundation of this research. This study introduces innovative concepts of weighted density, weighted statistical summability, weighted statistical convergence, and weighted statistical Cauchy, uniquely defined via the Fibonacci sequence and modulus functions. Key theorems, relationships, examples, and properties substantiate these novel principles, advancing our comprehension of sequence behavior. Additionally, we extend the notion of statistical cluster points within a broader framework, surpassing traditional definitions and offering deeper insights into convergence in a statistical context. Our findings in this paper open avenues for new applications and further exploration in various mathematical fields.
Exploring a Mathematical Model with Saturated Treatment for the Co-Dynamics of Tuberculosis and Diabetes
Authors: Rasheed Saburi , Iyiola Olaniyi S. , Oke Segun I. , Wade Bruce A.
Published: November 2024

In this research, we present a deterministic epidemiological mathematical model that delves into the intricate dynamics of the coexistence of tuberculosis and diabetes. Our comprehensive analysis explores the interplay and the influence of diabetes on tuberculosis incidence within a human population segregated into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The model incorporates a saturated incidence rate and treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infections, offering insights into their impact on tuberculosis control. The theoretical findings reveal the emergence of a phenomenon known as backward bifurcation, attributed to exogenous reinfection and saturated treatment. Additionally, our study employs both local and global sensitivity analyses to identify pivotal parameters crucial to the spread of tuberculosis within the population. This investigation contributes valuable insights to the understanding of the complex relationship between tuberculosis and diabetes, offering a foundation for more effective disease control strategies.
Portfolio Selection Based on Modified CoVaR in Gaussian Framework
Authors: Jaworski Piotr , Zalewska Anna
Published: November 2024

We study a Mean-Risk model, where risk is measured by a Modified CoVaR (Conditional Value at Risk): CoVaRα,β≤(X|Y)=VaRβ(X|Y+VaRα(Y)≤0). We prove that in a Gaussian setting, for a sufficiently small β, such a model has a solution. There exists a portfolio that fulfills the given constraints and for which the risk is minimal. This is shown in relation to the mean–standard deviation portfolio, and numerical examples are provided.
Analyzing Decision-Making in Cognitive Agent Simulations Using Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models
Authors: Xie Shengkun , Gan Chong , Lawniczak Anna T.
Published: November 2024

Enhancing model interpretability remains an ongoing challenge in predictive modelling, especially when applied to simulation data from complex systems. Investigating the influence and effects of design factors within computer simulations of complex systems requires assessing variable importance through statistical models. These models are crucial for capturing the relationships between factors and response variables. This study focuses on understanding functional patterns and their magnitudes of influence regarding designed factors affecting cognitive agent decision-making in a cellular automaton-based highway crossing simulation. We aim to identify the most influential design factors in the complex system simulation model to better understand the relationship between the decision outcomes and the designed factors. We apply Generalized Linear Mixed-Effects Models to explain the significant functional connections between designed factors and response variables, specifically quantifying variable importance. Our analysis demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed models and methodologies for analyzing data from complex systems. The findings offer a deeper understanding of the connections between design factors and their resulting responses, facilitating a greater understanding of the underlying dynamics and contributing to the fields of applied mathematics, simulation modelling, and computation.
Navigating the Complexity of HRM Practice: A Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Framework
Authors: Mirčetić Vuk , Popović Gabrijela , Vukotić Svetlana , Mihić Marko , Kovačević Ivana , Đoković Aleksandar , Slavković Marko
Published: November 2024

A myriad of diverse factors affect the contemporary business environment and all business areas, causing organisations to innovate new business models, or to use innovations to navigate the complexity of contemporary HRM practice successfully. Despite the plenitude of notable studies, a particular theoretical gap exists regarding the innovation’s impact on particular HRM practices and on understanding how multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods can be effectively applied in the context of human resource management (HRM) to address important aspects of successful practices and prioritise the considered alternative solutions. Recognising the potential of the MCDM field highlighted the possibility of involving the MCDM methods in detecting the most influential and innovative HRM practices and defining the rank of companies that are most successful in applying them. The innovative MCDM approach proposed here utilises the CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) method and PIPRECIA-S (Simple PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Importance Assessment) method for prioritising innovative HRM practices, and the COBRA (COmprehensive Distance Based RAnking) method for assessing the companies under evaluation. The research, which involved 21 respondent experts from the HRM field and 12 companies from the Republic of Serbia, revealed that employee participation is the most significant innovative HRM practice that yields the best results in the contemporary business environment. Consequently, the first-ranked company most successfully met the requirements of the innovative HRM practices presented.
Positive Solutions of Boundary Value Problems for General Second-Order Nonlinear Difference Equations
Authors: Liu Ruoyi , Zhou Zhan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate positive solutions of boundary value problems for a general second-order nonlinear difference equation, which includes a Jacobi operator and a parameter λ. Based on the critical point theory, we obtain the existence of three solutions for the boundary value problem. Then, we establish a strong maximum principle for this problem and obtain some determined open intervals of the parameter λ for the existence of at least two positive solutions. In the end, we give two examples to illustrate our main results.
A Trigonometric Variant of Kaneko–Tsumura ψ-Values
Authors: Pan Ende , Lin Xin , Xu Ce , Zhao Jianqiang
Published: November 2024

Many variations of the multiple zeta values have been found to play important roles in different branches of mathematics and theoretical physics in recent years, such as the cyclotomic/color version, which appears prominently in the computation of Feynman integrals. In this paper, we introduce a trigonometric variant of the Kaneko–Tsumura ψ-function (called the Kaneko–Tsumura ψ˜-function) and discover some nice properties similar to those for ordinary Kaneko–Tsumura ψ-values using the method of iterated integrals, which was first studied systematically by K.T. Chen in the 1960s. In particular, we establish some duality formulas involving the Kaneko–Tsumura ψ˜-function and alternating multiple T-values by adapting Yamamoto’s graphical representation method for computing special types of iterated integrals.
Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Son Gyung Mo , Park Sang-Ho , Kim Nam Su , Yun Mi Sook , Lee In Young , Kwon Myeong-Sook , Kim Tae Kyun , Lee Eun Hwa , Hwang Eun Jung , Baek Kwang-Ryul
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the minimal effective dose of indocyanine green (ICG) required for accurately assessing colonic perfusion during laparoscopic colorectal surgery using a laser-assisted laparoscopic near-infrared (NIR) camera system. Materials and Methods: In 15 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing right hemicolectomy, the left branch of the middle colic artery was preserved, and ICG angiography was performed in the transverse colon. To determine the optimal ICG dose, experimental doses of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mg of ICG per patient’s body weight (kg) were administered intravenously in each group. Additionally, a conventional dose of 0.2 mg/kg was administered in the same patients more than 30 min after the initial dose. For quantitative analysis, the fluorescent expression region was extracted, and fluorescence intensity was analyzed using automatic image processing. Analysis accessibility, T1/2MAX, perfusion time ratio, slope, artificial intelligence (AI)-based perfusion pattern analysis, and washout time were measured in 150 detailed regions of interest in each image. Results: Group 1 (0.01 mg/kg) showed significantly lower accessibility rates for quantitative analysis (48.0%) compared with Groups 2–5 (84.7–100%). The mean slope value in Group 1 was 3.7, which fell below the acceptable threshold (>4) and was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). An acceptable AI-based perfusion pattern was 14.2% in Group 1, significantly lower than in Groups 2–5 (66.4–100%). Washout time was significantly faster with minimal doses compared with conventional doses (39.0 ± 15.8 s vs. 117.5 ± 4.9 s, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study supports the use of minimal ICG doses, ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg, to optimize repetitive ICG angiography using a laser-assisted laparoscopic NIR camera.
Anatomical Schemata Revealed by the Critical View of Safety Approach: A Proposal of the Hellenic Task Force on the Typology of Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (HETALCHO)
Authors: Papagoras Dimitris , Douridas Gerasimos , Panagiotou Dimitrios , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Lykoudis Panagis , Charalabopoulos Alexandros , Korkolis Dimitrios , Alexiou Konstantinos , Sikalias Nikolaos , Lytras Dimitrios , Papavramidis Theodosios , Tepetes Konstantinos , Avgerinos Konstantinos , Arnaoutos Spyridon , Stamou Konstantinos , Lolis Evangelos , Zacharoulis Dimitrios , Zografos Georgios , Glantzounis Georgios
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most commonly performed operation in general surgery in the Western World. Gallbladder surgery, although most of the time simple, always offers the possibility of unpleasant surprises. Despite progress, the incidence of common bile duct injury is 0.2–0.4%, causing devastating implications for the patient and the surgeon. This is mainly due to the failure to identify the normal anatomy properly. The literature review reveals a lack of structured knowledge in the surgical anatomy of cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to develop a framework with a common anatomical language for safe laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: The Hellenic Task Force group on the typology for Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy performed a critical review of the literature on the laparoscopic anatomy of cholecystectomy. The results were compared with those of a clinical study of 279 patients undergoing LC for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease. Results: Fourteen elements encountered during LC under the critical view of safety (CVS) approach were determined. The typical vascular–biliary pedicle with one cystic duct distributed laterally (or caudally) and one cystic artery medially (or cranially) lying at any point of the hepatocystic space was found in 66% of the cases studied. Anatomical schemata were formulated corresponding to the norm and four variations. Conclusions: The proposed cognitive anatomical schemata summarize simply what one can expect in terms of deviation from the norm. We believe that the synergy between the correct application of the CVS and the structured knowledge of the surgical anatomy in cholecystectomy helps the surgeon to handle non-typical structures safely and to complete the laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy without vascular–biliary injuries.
Biological and Chemical Processes of Nitrate Reduction and Ferrous Oxidation Mediated by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Hou Lingyu , Bai Xiangyu , Sima Zihe , Zhang Jiani , Yan Luyao , Li Ding , Jiang Yongguang
Published: November 2024

Iron, Earth’s most abundant redox-active metal, undergoes both abiotic and microbial redox reactions that regulate the formation, transformation, and dissolution of iron minerals. The electron transfer between ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and ferric iron (Fe(III)) is critical for mineral dynamics, pollutant remediation, and global biogeochemical cycling. Bacteria play a significant role, especially in anaerobic Fe(II) oxidation, contributing to Fe(III) mineral formation in oxygen-depleted environments. In iron-rich, neutral anaerobic settings, microbial nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation (NRFO) and iron reduction processes happen simultaneously. This study used Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to create an anaerobic NRFO system between Fe(II) and nitrate, revealing concurrent Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction. Both gene-mediated biological Fe(II) oxidation and chemical Fe(II) oxidation, facilitated by nitrite (a byproduct of nitrate reduction), were observed. The MtrABC gene cluster was linked to this process. At low Fe(II) concentrations, toxicity and mineral precipitation inhibited nitrate reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, whereas high Fe(II) levels led to Fe(II) oxidation, resulting in cell encrustation, which further constrained nitrate reduction.
Modulation of C. albicans-Induced Immune Response in Vaginal Epithelial Cells by Garcinoic Acid
Authors: Sabbatini Samuele , Zatini Linda , Narducci Eleonora , Rosati Lucrezia , Ardizzoni Andrea , Mencacci Antonella , Rende Mario , Pericolini Eva , Galli Francesco , Bartolini Desirée , Monari Claudia
Published: November 2024

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent women’s infection characterized by excessive inflammation and damage of the vaginal epithelium that, in its recurrent form (RVVC), causes more than three symptomatic episodes per year, impacting nearly 8% of women globally. Current antifungal treatments alleviate symptoms but often fail to restore the inflammatory homeostasis of mucosal tissue and prevent recurrences. α-Tocopherol (α-TOH) and garcinoic acid (GA), a vitamin E metabolite, with immunomodulatory properties, were investigated for the first time in vaginal epithelial cells exposed to C. albicans infection to assess their effects on inflammatory signaling parameters important to restore cellular homeostasis. For this purpose, the protein kinases MKK3/6, p38 stress kinase (SAPK), and ERK1/2 were studied together with c-Fos transcription factor and IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-1β secretion in A-431 vaginal epithelial cells pre-treated with GA or with α-TOH and then infected with C. albicans. GA, differently from α-TOH, significantly reduced the C. albicans-induced activation of p38-SAPK while increasing pro-survival MAPK ERK1/2 activity. This resulted in a significant reduction in the secretion levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1α, as well as IL-1β. Overall, our data indicate that GA holds potential for restoring the immuno-metabolic properties of the vaginal epithelium exposed to C. albicans infection, which may help to treat inflammatory symptoms in VVC/RVVC.
The Sweet Cherry Tree Genotype Restricts the Aggressiveness of the Wood Decay Fungi Cytospora sorbicola and Calosphaeria pulchella
Authors: Osorio-Navarro Claudio , Saez Constanza , Durán Felipe , Rubilar Mauricio , Reyes-Bravo Paula , Azócar Madelaine , Estrada Verónica , Esterio Marcela , Auger Jaime
Published: November 2024

The wood decay fungi Cytospora sorbicola and Calosphaeria pulchella severely threaten the worldwide cultivation of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.). Both fungi cause similar symptoms, including vascular necrosis, which leads to branch and twig dieback. In advanced stages of the disease, cankers are visible on tree branches and trunks. The sweet cherry is the most widely planted fruit tree in Chile, with 74,000 hectares in 2023. According to the planted surface, the predominant sweet cherry varieties are Lapins, Santina, Regina, and Bing. Variety-dependent susceptibility studies on Cyt. sorbicola and Cal. pulchella are lacking. The main entry points for wood necrosis-causing fungi are pruning wounds; therefore, we evaluated the aggressiveness of Cyt. sorbicola and Cal. pulchella in one-year-old sweet cherry plants. Santina and Lapins showed the lowest necrotic lesion caused by Cyt. sorbicola (13.6 and 14.31 mm, respectively), followed by Bing (19.51 mm) and Regina (26.14 mm). All plants infected by Cyt. sorbicola showed shoot blight regardless of the variety. In addition, there was a varying susceptibility to Cal. pulchella, with Lapins (21.6 mm), Bing (22.83 mm), Santina (27.62 mm), and Regina (30.8 mm) showing increasing levels of observed necrosis. The lesion caused by Cal. pulchella was more significant than that observed for Cyt. sorbicola, regardless of the cherry tree genotype. We identified each fungal growth from the wood necrosis progression area using two independent novel PCR-HRM strategies based on the ITS fungal region, which allowed us to differentiate each pathogen of interest individually or simultaneously. This study demonstrates different levels of susceptibility of sweet cherry tree genotypes to wood-degrading pathogens, emphasizing the need to include these factors in phytosanitary management programs.
Longitudinal Microbiome Investigations Reveal Core and Growth-Associated Bacteria During Early Life Stages of Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Fu Yin , Cheng Yongxu , Ma Lingbo , Zhou Qicun
Published: November 2024

In animals, growth and development are strongly correlated with the gut microbiota. The gut of the economically important marine crab (Scylla paramamosain) harbors a diverse microbial community, yet its associations with the surrounding environment, growth performance, and developmental stages remain obscure. In this study, we first characterized stage-specific microbiomes and shifts in the contributions of live feed and water via SourceTracker. We observed decreased microbial diversity and increased priority effects along zoea stages. Psychobacter was identified as the core genus, whereas Lactobacillus was the hub genus connecting different stages. Second, microbial correlations with various stage-specific growth traits were observed under interventions generating enhanced (probiotic mixture enrichment), normal (control), and reduced (antibiotic treatment) microbiomes. By combining machine learning regression and bioinformatics analysis, we identified four candidate growth performance-associated probiotics belonging to Rhodobacterales, Sulfitobacter, Confluentimicrobium, and Lactobacillus, respectively. Our study interpreted the dynamics and origins of the Scylla paramamosain zoea microbiome and underscored the importance of optimizing potential probiotics to increase growth performance during early life stages in marine invertebrates for effective larviculture.
Enhanced Fermentation of Pu-Erh Tea with Aspergillus niger: Quality and Microbial Community Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jingchuan , Yu Lijun , Aaqil Muhammad , Wang Qiaomei , Peng Wenshu , Zhuang Li , Gong Wanying , Zheng Tingting , Zhao Miaomiao , Wang Chao , Jiang Xingjiao , Yan Liang , Yang Ruijuan
Published: November 2024

Post-fermented Pu-erh tea (PFPT) is a microbial fermented tea characterized by unique sensory attributes and multiple health benefits. Aspergillus niger is the dominant fungus involved in the fermentation process and plays a significant role in imparting the distinct characteristics of PFPT. To investigate the role of Aspergillus niger in the fermentation of Pu-erh tea, this study inoculated unsterilized sun-dried green tea with Aspergillus niger isolated from Pu-erh tea to enhance the fermentation process. Metabolites and microbial communities in sun-dried green tea (CK), fortified fermented tea (TF), and naturally fermented tea (NF) were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics, 16S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that Aspergillus niger significantly altered the metabolite profile of the tea samples, identifying a total of 200 different metabolites, with 95 showing significant increases and 105 significant decreases, predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways associated with amino acid biosynthesis and degradation. High-throughput sequencing revealed that although the relative abundance of the fungal community remained largely unchanged, the inoculation of Aspergillus niger significantly increased the abundance of Bacillales and Pseudomonas within the bacterial community, thereby influencing the dynamic balance of the microbial ecosystem. Collectively, the inoculation of Aspergillus niger altered the composition of the microbial community and metabolic activities, resulting in changes to the content of amino acid-dominated metabolites, thereby enhancing the flavor profile and overall quality of Pu-erh tea. These findings provide important insights for optimizing the production processes of Pu-erh tea and the application of microorganisms in other fermented foods.
Alkamide Content and Localization in Heliopsis longipes Cypselae, Obtained via Fluorescence and Double-Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Vázquez-Martínez Juan , Molina-Torres Jorge
Published: November 2024

The alkamide content and specific tissue localization in the cypselae of Heliopsis longipes were investigated using gas chromatography–electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS) and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (MPFM). GC-EIMS analysis identified two olefinic alkamides: affinin (spilanthol) and N-2-methylbutyl-2E,6Z,8E-decatrienamide. Microscopic analysis revealed that alkamides are localized within the cotyledons, and specifically compartmentalized in lipid bodies, highlighting their spatial organization. The linear unmixing of fluorescence emission fingerprints showed that affinin exhibits autofluorescence at 693 nm, corresponding to the red spectral region. This emission is attributed to the conjugated double bonds in its acyl chain. This study is the first to report on the presence and precise localization of alkamides in the cypselae of H. longipes.
Dynamics of Blister Actuation in Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for Contactless Microchip Transfer
Authors: Kim DoYoung , Ryu Seong , Bae Sukang , Lee Min Wook , Kim Tae-Wook , Bae Jong-Seong , Park Jiwon , Lee Seoung-Ki
Published: November 2024

The rapid evolution of microelectronics and display technologies has driven the demand for advanced manufacturing techniques capable of precise, high-speed microchip transfer. As devices shrink in size and increase in complexity, scalable and contactless methods for microscale placement are essential. Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) has emerged as a transformative solution, offering the precision and adaptability required for next-generation applications such as micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs). This study optimizes the LIFT process for the precise transfer of silicon microchips designed to mimic μ-LEDs. Critical parameters, including laser energy density, laser pulse width, and dynamic release layer (DRL) thickness are systematically adjusted to ensure controlled blister formation, a key factor for successful material transfer. The DRL, a polyimide-based photoreactive layer, undergoes photothermal decomposition under 355 nm laser irradiation, creating localized pressure that propels microchips onto the receiver substrate in a contactless manner. Using advanced techniques such as three-dimensional profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultrafast imaging, this study evaluates the rupture dynamics of the DRL and the velocity of microchips during transfer. Optimization of the DRL thickness to 1 µm and a transfer velocity of 20 m s⁻1 achieves a transfer yield of up to 97%, showcasing LIFT’s potential in μ-LED manufacturing and semiconductor production.
Food Choices of Contemporary Cuisine and Traditional Foods: Effects on Family Ties
Authors: Yasmeen Bushra , Fischer Florian
Published: November 2024

Background: Technological advancement has evolved dynamics in the pace of day-to-day life. Economic and social development has introduced new meanings at individual and societal levels. Modernity and development have transformed the social fabric and relationships. Social media has instigated a tremendous multifaceted transformation in lifestyle. An increase in disposable income from prepared food, especially contemporary cuisines, has evolved diversified changes in consumers’ behavior. These changes include trends, perceptions, consumption patterns, and modes of fast food (quality, quantity, tastes), including delivery systems, among all age groups and genders. This study investigated the factors that influence food choices towards contemporary cuisine, the influence of contemporary cuisine food choice on homemade/traditional foods, and how food choices of contemporary cuisines affect family ties. Methods: In this exploratory study, a cross-sectional quantitative survey research method was used to obtain the insights of youths. A systematic random sampling procedure was adopted. We recruited at a public sector university of Lahore, namely, the Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab. The sample size was 260. We used modified versions of the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire to assess the food choices of contemporary cuisine, homemade/traditional food, and family ties. The Cronbach’s coefficient alpha level varied from 0.62 to 0.85 among scales. We performed descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis) by using SPSS 23. Results: Age and education showed a significant relationship with traditional food. Taste was the only factor identified for food choices of contemporary cuisine. Traditional food and family ties were the factors identified in the analysis. Conclusions: Food choices of contemporary cuisines were found to be just for good taste and fun. Homemade food regulates the traditions of traditional food. Cooking and dinning together not only maintained the food choices but also encourage and motivate the connectedness and closeness that strengthen family ties.
An Advanced Combinatorial System from Vitis vinifera Leaves and Propolis Enhances Antioxidants’ Skin Delivery and Fibroblasts Functionality
Authors: Athanasopoulou Sophia , Spanidi Eleni , Panagiotidou Eleni , Cavagnino Andrea , Bobier Anaïs , Gardikis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Vine leaves are a bulky by-product that are disposed of and treated as waste in the wine production process. In the present study polyphenols from vine leaves were extracted and simultaneously encapsulated in a new delivery system consisting of liposomes and cyclodextrins. This system was further combined with propolis polyphenols encapsulated in cyclodextrins, resulting in a colloidal suspension for the release of antioxidants in a time-controlled way, the rate of which depends on the ratio of the materials. The result is a raw material that exhibits antioxidant and ECM protective effects when administered in skin fibroblasts (NHDFs). Methods: The antioxidant and ECM promoting efficacy of the produced raw material was assessed by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, DPPH assay, and in cellulo assays in fibroblasts, such as the cell viability assay, scratch assay, cell migration assay, gene expression analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis, for the detection, visualization, and quantification of collagen-I, collagen-IIIa, and elastin signals and collagenase assay. Results: Treatment of NHDFs with the combinatorial delivery system promoted collagen and elastin synthesis and deposition in normal conditions and, upon induced external stress, as assessed by in vitro transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. A significant inhibition of collagenase was also observed, suggesting a multitargeted efficacy of the active ingredients also by preventing collagen degradation. Conclusions: Therefore, this liposome–cyclodextrin encapsulated polyphenol complex represents a novel bioactive ingredient with promising skin applications.
A Sensitive THz Fingerprint Sensor Based on Silicon Cylindrical Trimers for the Detection of Kresoxim-methyl
Authors: Nie Wanxin , Pan Mengya , Shi Yanpeng , Shu Wenbin , Li Huanyu , Yu Wenyao , Liu Shuo , Zhang Yifei
Published: November 2024

THz waves have garnered significant attention across multiple domains, particularly in high-sensitivity sensing applications. Metamaterials are applicable in THz sensors owing to their exceptional sensitivity, particularly in refractive index measurement and pesticide identification. This paper proposes a THz metamaterial sensor for detecting ether kresoxim-methyl. The sensor comprises a periodic array of silicon cylindrical trimers organized on a silicon substrate. Resonances in the guided mode, dictated by bound states in the continuum spectrum, can be stimulated by meticulously configuring the geometric arrangement of the silicon column trimer. The sensor demonstrates a Q-value of up to 143 at the resonant frequency. The detection of pesticide residues achieved high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit of 37.74 μg/cm2. This study presents a novel alternative for THz metamaterial sensors characterized by high sensitivity and a broad spectrum of pesticide concentration detection. The sensor platform developed in this paper, utilizing conventional CMOS technology, is posited as a potential detection instrument for herbicide and pesticide residues in agriculture and food.
Cytoplasm of the Wild Species Aegilops mutica Reduces VRN1 Gene Expression in Early Growth of Cultivated Wheat: Prospects for Using Alloplasmic Lines to Breed Varieties Adapted to Global Warming
Authors: Matsumura Mina , Watanabe Yuko , Tada Hiroko , Murai Koji
Published: November 2024

In a warm winter due to climate warming, it is necessary to suppress early flowering of autumn-sown wheat plants. Here, we propose the use of cytoplasmic genome effects for this purpose. Alloplasmic lines, or cytoplasmic substitution lines, of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) have cytoplasm from a related wild Aegilops species through recurrent backcrossing and exhibit altered characteristics compared with the euplasmic lines from which they are derived. Thus, alloplasmic lines with Aegilops mutica cytoplasm show delayed flowering compared with lines carrying normal cytoplasm. In the wheat flowering pathway, VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) encodes an APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like MADS box transcription factor that plays a central role in the activation of florigen genes, which induce floral meristems in the shoot apex. Here, we compared expression of VRN1 alleles in alloplasmic and euplasmic lines after vernalization. We found that alloplasmic wheat showed a lower level of VRN1 expression after vernalization compared with euplasmic wheat. Thus, nuclear-cytoplasm interactions affect the expression levels of the nuclear VRN1 gene; these interactions might occur through the pathway termed retrograde signaling. In warm winters, autumn-sown wheat cultivars with spring habit can pass through the reproductive growth phase in very early spring, resulting in a decreased tiller/ear number and reduced yield performance. Here, we present data showing that an alloplasmic line of ‘Fukusayaka’ can avoid the decrease in tiller/ear numbers during warm winters, suggesting that this alloplasmic line may be useful for development of varieties adapted to global warming.
Antiangiogenic Potential of Pomegranate Extracts
Authors: Tornese Riccardo , Montefusco Anna , Placì Rocco , Semeraro Teodoro , Durante Miriana , De Caroli Monica , Calabrese Gianpiero , Caprifico Anna Eleonora , Lenucci Marcello Salvatore
Published: November 2024

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has long been recognised for its rich antioxidant profile and potential health benefits. Recent research has expanded its therapeutic potential to include antiangiogenic properties, which are crucial for inhibiting the growth of tumours and other pathological conditions involving aberrant blood vessel formation. This review consolidates current findings on the antiangiogenic effects of pomegranate extracts. We explore the impact of pomegranate polyphenols, including ellagic acid, punicalagin, anthocyanins, punicic acid and bioactive polysaccharides on key angiogenesis-related pathways and endothelial cell function. Emphasis is placed on the effects of these extracts as phytocomplexes rather than isolated compounds. Additionally, we discuss the use of pomegranate by-products, such as peels and seeds, in the preparation of extracts within a green chemistry and circular economy framework, highlighting their value in enhancing extract efficacy and sustainability. By primarily reviewing in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, we assess how these extracts modulate angiogenesis across various disease models and explore their potential as adjunctive therapies for cancer and other angiogenesis-driven disorders. This review also identifies existing knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to fully elucidate the clinical utility of pomegranate extracts in therapeutic applications.
Geographical Distribution Dynamics of Acorus calamus in China Under Climate Change
Authors: Yue Chunlei , Li Hepeng , Shi Xiaodeng
Published: November 2024

Acorus calamus, a perennial emergent herb, is highly valued for its ornamental appeal, water purification ability, and medicinal properties. However, there is a significant contradiction between the rapidly increasing demand for A. calamus and the diminishing wild resources. Understanding its geographical distribution and the influence of global climate change on its geographical distribution is imperative for establishing a theoretical framework for the conservation of natural resources and the expansion of its cultivation. In this study, 266 distribution records of A. calamus and 18 selected key environmental factors were utilized to construct an optimal MaxEnt model via the ENMeval package. We simulated the potential geographical distributions under current conditions and under three different climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585) in the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s. Additionally, we employed the jackknife method and response curves to identify the environmental factors with the greatest influence on the distribution of A. calamus, and their response intervals. The results indicate that the regularization multiplier (RM) of 3.5 and the feature combinations (FC) of linear (L), quadratic (Q), hinge (H), and product (P) are the optimal model parameter combinations. With these parameters, the model predictions are highly accurate, and the consistency of the results is significant. The dominant environmental factors and their thresholds affecting the distribution of A. calamus are the precipitation of the wettest month (≥109.87 mm), human footprint (≥5.39), annual precipitation (≥388.56 mm), and mean diurnal range (≤12.83 °C). The primary land use types include rivers and channels, reservoirs and ponds, lakes, urban areas, marshes, other constructed lands, rice fields, forested areas, and shrublands. Under current climate conditions, the suitable geographical distribution of A. calamus in China is clearly located east of the 400 mm precipitation line, with high- and low-suitability areas covering 121.12 × 104 km2, and 164.20 × 104 km2, respectively. Under future climate conditions, both high- and low- suitability areas are projected to increase significantly, whereas unsuitable areas are expected to decrease, with the centroid of each suitability zone shifting northward. This study provides a theoretical foundation for sustainable utilization, future production planning, and the development of conservation strategies for wild germplasm resources of A. calamus.
RNA-Seq Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Analysis Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Blue Fescue (Festuca glauca)
Authors: Zhang Yong , Han Peng , Zhao Ruijie , Yu Shuhan , Liu Hang , Wu Hong , Weng Jinyang , Zhang Hengfeng
Published: November 2024

Blue fescue is a widely used ornamental grass because of its strong ecological adaptability. To maintain the optimal ornamental plant shape, blue fescue requires many nutrients and labor. Using dwarf varieties with slow growth is an effective way to fulfill these requirements. In this study, we investigated the dwarfing mechanism of dw-1, a blue fescue dwarfing mutant, using physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic methods. The peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of dw-1 significantly increased, while the lignin, gibberellin (GA), and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content significantly decreased. A total of 7668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using RNA-seq, of which 2543 were upregulated and 5125 were downregulated. A total of 165 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected using iTRAQ, of which 68 were upregulated and 97 were downregulated. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the diterpene biosynthesis pathway, tryptophan metabolism pathway, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly enriched at both the transcriptional and protein levels. As a result, we can formulate the following hypothesis about the dw-1 dwarfing phenotype: the downregulation of genes and proteins related to IAA and GA biosynthesis is associated with the dwarf phenotype’s formation, and metabolic pathways related to lignin synthesis, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, also play an important role. Our work will contribute to a new understanding of the genes and proteins involved in the blue fescue dwarf phenotype.
Genotypic Variability in Root Morphology in a Diverse Wheat Genotypes Under Drought and Low Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Yinglong , Xu Yuzhou , Sun Haoyang , Gao Yamin , Yan Peng , Song Qilong , Li Shiqing , Zhan Ai
Published: November 2024

Screening genotypes with optimal root traits presents a promising breeding strategy for enhancing adaptability to abiotic stresses and improving resource use efficiency. This study evaluated root traits of 100 winter wheat genotypes under four treatments: control (C), low phosphorus (LP), PEG-induced drought (D), and a combination of LP and drought (DLP), using a semi-hydroponic phenotyping platform. Significant variations in root traits were observed 65 days after transplanting, with over 80% of traits being significantly affected by drought, phosphorus, or their interactions. Biomass and phosphorus content decreased under LP and drought, while root length and diameter in deeper layers increased, especially under drought stress. Combined stress led to the most severe reductions in biomass, P-content, and leaf number. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency was positively correlated with root length but inversely related to stress tolerance. High heritability traits, such as root number, root length, maximum root depth, leaf number, and biomass, hold potential for breeding programs focused on environmental adaptation, resource efficiency, and yield improvement. The substantial genotypic variation in root morphology under stress conditions highlights the potential for breeding stress-resilient wheat genotypes. This finding lays a foundation for wheat-breeding initiatives aimed at developing genotypes better suited to prevailing environmental conditions.