bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Mobilität auf Kosten anderer?
Authors: Kalt Tobias
Published: July 2020

Der Ausbau der E-Mobilität in den Städten des Globalen Nordens schreitet voran und verspricht grüne Städte mit sauberem, klimaneutralem und leisem Verkehr. Doch ein enger Blick auf die Verbreitung von E-Autos in städtischen Ballungsräumen macht die globalen sozial-ökologischen Voraussetzungen des E-Autos und der grünen Stadt unsichtbar. Dieser Artikel weitet den Blick über die Stadtgrenzen hinaus und fokussiert die globalen Stoffströme, transnationalen Akteursnetzwerke und ungleichen Geographien der E-Mobilität und zeigt somit die globalen Zusammenhänge zwischen den Orten des Konsums, der Produktion und der Ressourcenextraktion auf. Anhand einer Fallstudie zum Ausbau der E-Mobilität in den USA werden die Wertschöpfungsketten und Akteursnetzwerke nachgezeichnet und die räumliche Verteilung von Kosten und Nutzen entlang der Wertschöpfungskette analysiert. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Ausbau der E-Mobilität mit ungleicher Entwicklung einhergeht, durch die ein Großteil der ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteile in städtischen Zentren und industriellen Produktionszonen verbleibt. Gleichzeitig werden die sozial-ökologischen Kosten der E-Mobilität in die Bergbaugebiete im Globalen Süden externalisiert.
Kriterien für eine postwachstumsorientierte Wohnraumentwicklung am Beispiel der Stadt Zürich
Authors: Wohlgemuth Olivia , Pütz Marco
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel der Stadt Zürich, inwiefern Postwachstum ein Leitbild für die Wohnraumwicklung sein kann und welche Voraussetzungen postwachstumsorientiertes Wohnen braucht. Dabei werden zunächst Kriterien für eine zukunftsgerichtete Wohnraumentwicklung diskutiert. Anschließend wird untersucht, inwiefern diese Anforderungen an nachhaltiges, ökologisches und soziales Wohnen bereits postwachstumsorientiert sind. Als Ergebnis werden elf Kriterien für postwachstumsorientierte Wohnbauprojekte vorgeschlagen.
Postwachstum finanzieren?
Authors: Dörry Sabine , Schulz Christian
Published: July 2020

Sabine Dörry und Christian Schulz skizzieren in ihrem Beitrag, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen Postwachstum finanziert werden kann, wo es Schnittflächen zwischen alternativen Wirtschaftsansätzen und nachhaltigen Finanzierungs- und Investitionsmodellen gibt, und wie sich die globale »finanzialisierte« Finanzwirtschaft zu nachhaltigen regionalen Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten verhält. Dabei werden die räumlich-sozialen Dimensionen von Finanzaktivitäten mitgedacht, die im dominanten Diskurs des ökonomischen Mainstreams kaum vorkommen. Im Kern geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, inwieweit grüne Finanzierung zum Aufbau nachhaltiger regionaler, auf Postwachstum ausgerichteter Wirtschaftskreisläufe beitragen kann. Er bietet einen Überblick über gegenwärtige wissenschaftliche Ansätze und politische Programme der grünen Finanz und ihre Auswirkungen auf regionale Ökonomien, und er versucht ausblickend, beide Bereiche zusammenzubringen.
»Beharrungsavantgarden« und »Verhinderungsinnovatoren«
Authors: Lange Bastian , Bürkner Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2020

Bastian Lange und Hans-Joachim Bürkner nähern sich argumentativ den so bezeichneten Modernisierungsverweigerern, Gegnern ökologischer Vernunft sowie Transformations- und Dialogverweigerern. Dazu entwickeln sie eine Denkhaltung, die die grassierenden Vorverurteilungen im Interesse offener Analysen ablehnt und das Blatt gewissermaßen heuristisch wendet. Sie fordern ihre Leser*innen zu Gedankenexperimenten und bewussten Perspektivwechseln auf. So sprechen sie die vielerorts stigmatisierten Gruppierungen bewusst als Beharrungsavantgarden und Verhinderungsinnovatoren an, um ihre Haltungen gegenüber Fragen des ökologisch motivierten gesellschaftlichen Wandels, aber auch ihre Positionierung in größeren Diskursen unvoreingenommener und präziser vor Augen zu bekommen. Mit beiden Leitbegriffen, die den vermeintlichen Blockierer*innen grundsätzlich die Fähigkeit zu alltagsrelevanten und sinndeutenden Innovationen zusprechen, fordern die Autoren dazu auf, forschungsprogrammatisch von politisch motivierten Einengungen analytischer Perspektiven Abstand zu nehmen. Gerade innerhalb einer durch Neoliberalismus und politische Polarisierung verunsicherten Wissenschaftslandschaft sei es wichtig, einen offenen Blick auf soziale Disparitäten zu erhalten.
High Security and Capacity of Image Steganography for Hiding Human Speech Based on Spatial and Cepstral Domains
Authors: Khaleel Yazen A.
Published: July 2020

A new technique of hiding a speech signal clip inside a digital color image is proposed in this paper to improve steganography security and loading capacity. The suggested technique of image steganography is achieved using both spatial and cepstral domains, where the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are adopted, as very efficient features of the speech signal. The presented technique in this paper contributes to improving the image steganography features through two approaches. First is to support the hiding capacity by the usage of the extracted MFCCs features and pitches extracted from the speech signal and embed them inside the cover color image rather than directly hiding the whole samples of the digitized speech signal. Second is to improve the data security by hiding the secret data (MFCCs features) anywhere in the host image rather than directly using the least significant bits substitution of the cover image. At the recovering side, the proposed approach recovers these hidden features and using them to reconstruct the speech waveform again by inverting the steps of MFCCs extraction to recover an approximated vocal tract response and combine it with recovered pitch based excitation signal. The results show a peak signal to noise ratio of 52.4 dB of the stego-image, which reflect a very good quality and a reduction ratio of embedded data to about (6%–25%). In addition, the results show a speech reconstruction degree of about 94.24% correlation with the original speech signal.
Rimbaudysta Julian T., Tuwim od łobuzów, Tuwim dla dzieci
Authors: Kuczyńska-Koschany Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

Julian Tuwim (1894-1953) był rimbaudystą na różne sposoby: czytał Jeana Arthura Rimbauda (1854-1891) i tłumaczył jego wiersze; znał je na pamięć i recytował; wielbił francuskiego poetę – odwiedził jego grób w Charleville z pękiem czerwonych róż, uważał go za największego poetę świata. Najciekawiej, być może, przyswajał i przemycał Rimbauda we własnej twórczości, na wszystkich jej poziomach. Tuwima i Rimbauda łączy to, co można by nazwać dziecięcością wyobraźni (poetyckiej), obydwaj są łobuzami literatury, twórcza dezynwoltura spokrewnia ich w wielu miejscach. Obydwaj anarchizują na wysokim poziomie artystycznym.
Syndrom rozbitka. Robinson Crusoe i Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Authors: Dąbrowicz Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

Opinia Jean-Jacquesa Rousseau o powieści Daniela Defoe (pierwodruk: 1719) wpłynęła na późniejsze przekłady i adaptacje dzieła. W jej następstwie upowszechniło się mocniejsze niż w oryginale eksponowanie doświadczeń wyspiarskich w dziejach Robinsona Crusoe. Sukces powieści sprawił też, że jej bohater zaczął żyć jako postać emblematyczna dla kultury zachodniej (zwłaszcza angielskiej) ekspandującej poza granice Europy. Robinson-rozbitek, który przez wiele lat dawał sobie radę na bezludnej wyspie, uosabiał zespół cech gwarantujących sukces w podboju świata, połączenie indywidualizmu, przedsiębiorczości, protestanckiej religijności. Mimo że polska mentalność o rodowodzie szlacheckim miała charakter antymieszczański, powieść Defoe zdobyła popularność również wśród polskich czytelników. Wydaje się, że Robinson Crusoe był też sojusznikiem tych spośród polskich pisarzy, którzy działali najpierw na rzecz ratowania państwa pod koniec XVIII wieku, a kiedy to się nie udało, próbowali przynajmniej unowocześnić polską mentalność. Określa się ich zresztą niekiedy mianem „rozbitków”, nawiązując do popularnego toposu nawy państwowej jako okrętu. Jeden z nich, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, traktował Robinsona Crusoe jako postać z pogranicza fikcji i prawdy pozaliterackiej. Sam, jak Robinson, odbywał podróże do Nowego Świata i próbował tam przetrwać. W jego zapiskach dziennikowo-pamiętnikarskich można znaleźć wiele motywów, które rozważa się w związku z powieścią Defoe: migracje, etniczne uwarunkowania kolonizacji, stosunek przybyszów do rdzennych mieszkańców. Przez pryzmat Robinsona Crusoe warto również spojrzeć na powieść Niemcewicza Jan z Tęczyna. Jej bohater, podobnie jak Robinson, trafia na wyspę po katastrofie statku. Nie udaje mu się jednak na niej osiąść z powodu przeszkód natury wewnętrznej: idealistycznych wyobrażeń o miłości do kobiety oraz własnym statusie jako Polaka znakomitego rodu.
A Struggle with Alterity: A Lévinasian Reading ofMacbeth
Authors: Bidgoli Mehrdad , Royanian Shamsoddin
Published: July 2020

InMacbeth(ca. 1606), William Shakespeare returns all the way back to his metaphysics which he had demonstrated magnificently inA Midsummer Night’s Dream(ca. 1595) andHamlet(ca. 1600). These works represent Shakespeare’s dramaturgical treatment of Being, substance, essence, etc. One of the chief elements of these plays is supernaturality, or nothingness (non-being) in a sense interrupting Being and human activities. These elements are presented inJulius Caesar(1599) as well, a history play which has commonalities withMacbeth. Yet few of his tragedies offer a world so dipped in horror and darkness asMacbeth. Ethics might thus be a far-fetched component among these grisly sensations and in the bloody atmosphere of this tragedy, but with the help of Emmanuel Lévinas (1906–1995), traces of ethical exigency can be discerned. ApproachingMacbeththrough Lévinas’s philosophy, we attempt to study some ways in which ethics can be addressed and studied in this dark world. We will discuss Macbeth’s struggles with time (mostly his future) and the Other as metaphors of alterity intruding into and interrupting his totalizing conatus.
A Comment on Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem
Authors: Sandroni Alec , Sandroni Alvaro
Published: July 2020

Arrow (1950) famously showed the impossibility of aggregating individual preference orders into a social preference order (together with basic desiderata). This paper shows that it is possible to aggregate individual choice functions, that satisfy almost any condition weaker than WARP, into a social choice function that satisfy the same condition (and also Arrow’s desiderata).
A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) capacitive accelerometer-based microphone with enhanced sensitivity for fully implantable hearing aid: a novel analytical approach
Authors: Dwivedi Apoorva , Khanna Gargi
Published: July 2020

The present work proposes a novel, compact, intuitively simple and efficient structure to improve the sensitivity of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) capacitive accelerometer using an arrangement of microlever as a displacement amplifier. The accelerometer is proposed to serve as a microphone in the fully implantable cochlear prosthetic system which can be surgically implanted at the middle ear bone structure. Therefore, the design parameters such as size, weight and resonant frequency require deliberation. The paper presents a novel analytical model considering the impact of the mechanical amplification along with the width of the microlever and the capacitive fringe effects on the performance of the sensor. The design is simulated and verified using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS 4.2. The accelerometer is designed within a sensing area of 1 mm2 and accomplishes a nominal capacitance of 4.85 pF and an excellent sensitivity of 5.91 fF/g.
An integrated assessment system for the accreditation of medical laboratories
Authors: Saleh Neven , Abo Agyla Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Medical laboratory accreditation becomes a trend to be trustable for diagnosis of diseases. It is always performed at regular intervals to assure competence of quality management systems (QMS) based on pre-defined standards. However, few attempts were carried out to assess the quality level of medical laboratory services. Moreover, there is no realistic study that classifies and makes analyses of laboratory performance based on a computational model. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated system for medical laboratory accreditation that assesses QMS against ISO 15189. In addition, a deep analysis of factors that sustain accreditation was presented. The system started with establishing a core matrix that maps QMS elements with ISO 15189 clauses. Through this map, a questionnaire was developed to measure the performance. Therefore, score indices were calculated for the QMS. A fuzzy logic model was designed based on the calculated scores to classify medical laboratories according to their tendency for accreditation. Further, in case of failure of accreditation, cause-and-effect root analysis was done to realize the causes. Finally, cloud computing principles were employed to launch a web application in order to facilitate user interface with the proposed system. In verification, the system has been tested using a dataset of 12 medical laboratories in Egypt. Results have proved system robustness and consistency. Thus, the system is considered as a self-assessment tool that demonstrates points of weakness and strength.
Glycophorin A-based exclusion of red blood cells for flow cytometric analysis of platelet glycoprotein expression in citrated whole blood
Authors: Berens Christina , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd , Müller Jens
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Analysis of platelet glycoprotein (GP) expression by flow cytometry is applied for diagnostic confirmation of GP-associated thrombocytopathies. While platelet-rich plasma may be used for distinct identification of target events, this strategy is not feasible for small sample volumes or for patients showing low platelet counts and/or giant platelets. However, also the use of whole blood (WB) is hampered by the difficulty to discriminate platelets from red blood cells (RBC) in such patients. To circumvent these limitations, we evaluated the feasibility of a RBC gating-out strategy.

Methods

In addition to platelet GPIb, GPIIa/IIIa, as well as P-selectin (CD62P), citrated whole blood (CWB) samples were stained for RBC-specific glycophorin A (CD235a). CD235a-negative platelet events were further discriminated by forward-/side-scatter characteristics and platelet GP expressions analyzed relative to that of a healthy control sample processed in parallel.

Results

Established reference intervals allowed for clear identification of decreased GPIIb/IIIa- or GPIb expression pattern in samples of patients with confirmed Glanzmann thrombasthenia or Bernard–Soulier syndrome, respectively. It could be shown that the analysis of 2,500 platelet events is sufficient for reliable GP expression analysis, rendering the proposed method applicable to samples with low platelet counts.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of CD235a-based exclusion of RBC for platelet GP expression analysis in CWB. In contrast to direct staining of platelet-specific antigens for target identification, this indirect gating out approach is generally applicable independent of any underlying platelet GP expression deficiency.
Study design and ethical considerations related to using direct observation to evaluate physician behavior: reflections after a recent study
Authors: Berdahl Carl T. , Schriger David L.
Published: July 2020

In a recent study using direct observation of physicians, we demonstrated that physician-generated clinical documentation is vulnerable to error. In fact, we found that physicians consistently overrepresented their actions in certain areas of the medical record, such as the physical examination. Because of our experiences carrying out this study, we believe that certain investigations, particularly those evaluating physician behavior, should not rely on documentation alone. Investigators seeking to evaluate physician behavior should instead consider using observation to obtain objective information about occurrences in the patient-physician encounter. In this article, we describe our experiences using observation, and we offer investigators our perspectives related to study design and ethical questions to consider when performing similar work.
Sexual Risk Behaviour: The Roles of Impulsivity, Family Type and Peer Pressure Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria
Authors: Ekundayo Opeyemi Oyewunmi , Babalola Oyeyemi Bukola
Published: July 2020

The study examined the influence of impulsivity on undergraduates’ sexual risk behaviour and also scrutinized the mediating roles of family type and peer pressure on undergraduates’ sexual risk behaviour in Southwestern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey that employed a multi-stage sampling procedure in which respondents were selected at different levels and stages. A total of 1080 respondents selected from six Universities participated in the study. Their age ranges from 15-19 years with a mean of 15.9±1.2 years. Data gathered through Impulsive Behaviour Scale and the Sexual Behaviour Inventory was analysed by t-test and ANCOVA. The result showed that impulsivity (t = 6.04, df =1078, p <0.05) had significant influence on the sexual risk behaviour of undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria. The result further showed that age: F (2, 1077) = 18.20, p < 0.05; family type F (2, 1077) = 25.41, p <0. 05 and peer pressure F (2, 1077) = 53.13, p< 0.05 have an intervening impact on the influence of impulsivity F (2, 1073) = 1.37, p < 0.05) on sexual risk behaviour of the undergraduates. The study concluded that impulsivity enhances sexual risk behaviour of undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria.
The Pied Piper’s pipe
Authors: Thomson Ian
Published: July 2020

The story of the Pied Piper attracting rats and children away from the town of Hameln by playing music on a pipe is well known. Artists and writers inspired by the legendary magical qualities of the pipe have associated it with a variety of flutes, bagpipes, and whistles. However, scant academic attention has been paid to what kind of medieval pipe might actually have influenced this unusual story, nor indeed why a pipe, and not perhaps a string or brass instrument, was considered relevant. This essay examines the literature afresh, from musicological and cultural viewpoints.
Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz
Authors: Schmidt Falk
Published: July 2020

Der vorliegende Text verortet Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz knapp in ihrem historischen Kontext und macht ihre aufeinander bezogene Entwicklung deutlich. Das beinhaltet sowohl eine Rekonstruktion der faktischen Genese als auch eine sachliche wie normative Begründung ihrer Wechselseitigkeit, die Nachhaltigkeits- und Klimapolitik zu zwei Seiten einer Medaille macht. Mit Blick auf den Prozess des Austauschs beider Diskurse und ihrer praktischen Effekte werden einerseits beachtliche globale Kooperations- und Lerngewinne sichtbar und andererseits die Mitverantwortung der Handelnden für den Erfolg komplexer Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen unterstrichen.
Zukünfte gestalten: Zivilgesellschaft in Wissenschafts- und Forschungspolitik beteiligen!
Authors: Ober Steffi , Burwitz Martin
Published: July 2020

Die Frage nach möglichen Zukünften für unsere Gesellschaft wird bisher in Forschungs- und Innovationsprojekten beantwortet, die von wirtschaftlichen Interessen und Technik-Fixierung geprägt sind. Doch der Klimawandel, Ressourcenübernutzung und die Probleme der Welternährung betreffen Menschen und Politik heute und zukünftig so grundlegend, dass sie mit ihren Werten und Zukunftsentwürfen die Leitlinien für wünschenswerte Technologieentwicklungen prägen sollten. Daher braucht Forschungspolitik zivilgesellschaftliche Perspektiven, die sich an nachhaltiger Entwicklung und sozialer Gerechtigkeit orientieren. Diese Orientierung fehlt bislang. Wir schlagen daher eine gesellschaftliche Charta für nachhaltige Innovationen vor, als eine Basis für die Frage nach wünschenswerten Zukünften – und somit für eine forschungspolitische Agenda, die sich an einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung orientiert.
Embracing evidence-based nursing and informational literacy through an innovative undergraduate collaborative project
Authors: Groller Karen D. , Adamshick Pamela , Petre Kristine
Published: July 2020

Background

Nurse educators are challenged to design courses that maintain rigor, promote student learning, maximize resource utilization, and ultimately prepare graduates for clinical practice.

Purpose

An innovative teaching strategy was used to educate BSN level students in nursing inquiry with a collaborative project.

Methods

Course faculty incorporated information literacy (IL) and evidence-based practice (EBP) competencies into an undergraduate research course by taking the traditional practicum research project and redesigning it as a longitudinal scoping review (ScR) collaborative project.

Results

At course conclusion, students verbalized having a deeper appreciation for nursing research, confidence in performing a literature search, and conducting a research critique.

Conclusions

The students’ contributions towards the ScR through their collaborative project work fostered personal growth in IL and EBP competencies through a meaningful project that can extend beyond the classroom to possibly influence patient care.
Measuring Tolerant Behavior
Authors: Liberati Caterina , Longaretti Riccarda , Michelangeli Alessandra
Published: July 2020

This paper addresses the issue of measuring tolerance, viewed as a multifaceted phenomenon involving several different social domains. We develop a multidimensional index for Likert-scale data, characterized by the following features: (i) it reflects the individual’s intensity of tolerant attitudes towards each social domain; (ii) the index can be broken down by dimension in order to determine the contribution of each dimension to overall tolerance; (iii) the index combines the different dimensions of tolerance using a weighted scheme that reflects the importance of each dimension in determining the overall level of tolerance. To show how this new measure of tolerance works in practice, we carry out a case study using an Italian recent survey asking the opinion of university students about different subjects, such as interreligious dialog, women/religion relationship, religion/death relationship, homosexuality, and multicultural society.
Automatic Generation and Optimization of Test case using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Lakshminarayana P , SureshKumar T V
Published: July 2020

Software testing is a very important technique to design the faultless software and takes approximately 60% of resources for the software development. It is the process of executing a program or application to detect the software bugs. In software development life cycle, the testing phase takes around 60% of cost and time. Test case generation is a method to identify the test data and satisfy the software testing criteria. Test case generation is a vital concept used in software testing, that can be derived from the user requirements specification. An automatic test case technique determines automatically where the test cases or test data generates utilizing search based optimization method. In this paper, Cuckoo Search and Bee Colony Algorithm (CSBCA) method is used for optimization of test cases and generation of path convergence within minimal execution time. The performance of the proposed CSBCA was compared with the performance of existing methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Bee Colony Algorithm (BCA), and Firefly Algorithm (FA).
Design and performance analysis of all optical 4-bit parity generator and checker using dual-control dual SOA terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (DCDS-TOAD)
Authors: Maji Kajal , Mukherjee Kousik , Raja Ashif
Published: July 2020

Tera hertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) using two semiconductor optical amplifiers and two control signals has been used to design an all optical parity checker and generator. The same circuit can generate and check both even and odd parity using a control input. The numerical simulation using Matlab 2007b is done for performance analysis of the proposed device in terms of output bit pattern, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, extinction ratio, contrast ratio, pseudo eye diagram, relative eye opening (98.9% for 20 dB gain and 96.21% for 10 dB gain) and their variation with input control pulse energy, amplified spontaneous emission noise factor for different unsaturated gain. The simulated value of E.R. = 81.39 dB, C.R. = 83.15 dB, REOP = 98.9% and Q value = 86.16 dB are found for this proposal.
Erbium/Ytterbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) for extended reach of Wavelength Division Multiplexing based free space optics system (WDM/FSO)
Authors: Attaouia Bentahar , Malika Kandouci , Samir Ghouali
Published: July 2020

This work is focused to carry out the investigation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) approach on free space optical (FSO) transmission systems using Erbium Ytterbium Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EYDWA) integrated as post-or pre-amplifier for extending the reach to 30 Km for the cost-effective implementation of FSO system considering weather conditions. Furthermore, the performance of proposed FSO-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system is also evaluated on the effect of varying the FSO range and results are reported in terms of Q factor, BER, and eye diagrams. It has been found that, under clear rain the post-amplification was performed and was able to reach transmission distance over 27 Km, whereas, the FSO distance has been limited at 19.5 Km by using pre-amplification.
Violence against trainees: urgent ethical challenges for medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine
Authors: Ayala-Yáñez Rodrigo , Ruíz-López Regina , McCullough Laurence B. , Chervenak Frank A.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Violence against medical trainees confronts medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine with urgent ethical challenges. Despite their evident importance, these ethical challenges have not received sufficient attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical framework to respond to these ethical challenges.

Methods

We used an existing critical appraisal tool to conduct a scholarly review, to identify publications on the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We conducted web searches to identify reports of violence against trainees in Mexico. Drawing on professional ethics in perinatal medicine, we describe an ethical framework that is unique in the literature on violence against trainees in its appeal to the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits.

Results

Our search identified no previous publications that address the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We identified reports of violence and their limitations. The ethical framework is based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice in professional ethics in perinatal medicine. This virtue creates the ethical obligation of trainees to accept reasonable risks of life and health but not unreasonable risks. Society has the ethical obligation to protect trainees from these unreasonable risks. Medical educators should protect personal safety. Academic leaders should develop and implement policies to provide such protection. Institutions of government should provide effective law enforcement and fair trials of those accused of violence against trainees. International societies should promulgate ethics statements that can be applied to violence against trainees. By protecting trainees, medical educators and academic leaders in perinatology will also protect pregnant, fetal, and neonatal patients.

Conclusions

This paper is the first to provide an ethical framework, based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits, to guide medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine who confront ethical challenges of violence against their trainees.
Hagiographie und Recht. Narrativierung von Recht und Verrechtlichung des Narrativs in der Vita des Gregor von Agrigent
Authors: Winterhager Philipp
Published: July 2020

This article examines three episodes from the Life of Gregory of Agrigento, drafted in Greek in the 9th century, in which juridical material and procedure inform the hagiographical narrative, and vice versa. It argues that both spheres depend on, and contribute to, a common ‘nomos’, an idea of the righteous, lawful and cooperative coexistence of imperial and papal power in the church of Sicily. While this coexistence is anachronistic in the hagiographer’s own times, he constructs it through the narrativization of law and the juridification of narrative.
Ein rechtsfreier Raum? Die legale Situation auf den Färöern im Spiegel der ‚Færeyinga saga‘
Authors: Schmidt Andreas
Published: July 2020

The chapter argues for a more nuanced and empirically based understanding of the discourse on law and socio-cultural norms in Old Icelandic literature on the grounds of a narratological reading of ‘Færeyinga saga’ as a case study. It has often been claimed that Icelandic sources express an ideal of freedom based on communality as guaranteed by the law. By contrast, ‘Færeyinga saga’ represents a cynical discourse on power politics that renders law as an invariable concept obsolete and works solely on the principle that ‘might is right’. This cynicism, however, is presented in a form that leaves the narrative open to interpretation, showing that regardless of its possible dating, narrative literature can serve as a starting point for social discussion. Consequently, the discourse on law in medieval Iceland must be perceived as more polyphonic than has been allowed for by previous unifying readings in scholarship.
Gelehrtes Recht oder gelebte Praxis? Kaufleute und ihre Vertreter im späten Mittelalter
Authors: Kypta Ulla
Published: July 2020

Merchants in late medieval Antwerp worked with a number of different representatives: They appointed proxies to trade on their behalf, to collect debts in their name or to represent them in court. If a merchant wanted to authorize another person to act on his behalf, he went to a notary who issued a letter of procuration. The article discusses the role of Roman law in these procurations. It contrasts the procurations issued by the notaries with other models for procurations found in a form book for notaries in Antwerp. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the basic idea of installing a proxy did not rely on Roman law. However, knowledge of Roman law was crucial if someone wanted to be represented in a Roman law court. Furthermore, concepts derived from Roman law were applied when complicated problems or phenomena had to be shortened to a few words. In sum, the practice of including phrases and concepts of Roman law wherever they proved useful can be regarded as a part of the lex mercatoria, the customary law of merchants.
Construction of Populism
Authors: Herkman Juha
Published: July 2020

The terminology of populism is often taken for granted, even though the very meaning of populism is quite unclear. The article approaches populism by exploring the meanings given to the term in the Nordic press during the first parliamentary elections of the 2010s in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. A combination of the quantitative content analysis and the qualitative frame analysis of the leading quality and popular papers is favoured. In the study of the use of populism in the British press the conclusion was that the term was used more or less explicitly in a pejorative way, although uses of the term varied and had no consistent logic. In the Nordic press recurring frames were found, but the meanings given to populism were only fully understood in their political and cultural contexts. The different life phases of the domestic populist parties as well as differences in Nordic political cultures especially explain the variation in the usage of the term.
Evaluating the water productivity by Aquacrop model of wheat under irrigation systems and algae
Authors: Mansour Hani A. , Gaballah Maybelle S. , Nofal Osama A.
Published: July 2020

One of the most important simulation models in the field of water produc"tivity (WP) management in the world is the Aquacrop model, which depends on many factors and conditions related to climate, soil, irrigation water, etc. Aquacrop model program simulates vegetative growth and the yield of both grains, biomass and irrigation WP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Aquacrop model of two Egyptian wheat varieties, Gemeza-9 (G-9) and Misr-1 (M-1), under the two modern irrigation systems, sprinkler and drip, and the application of algae solution. Experiment location of fieldwork for this research was in El-Nubaria area, El-Beheira Governorate, and Aquacrop in Egypt. Results obtained show that under both irrigation systems, the deviation percentages between simulated by Aquacrop and observed WP values were 40.6% and 68.34%, in the case of using untreated algae and treated algae, respectively. From LSD 0.05% values, there are significant differences between all study factors (irrigation system, wheat varieties, and applied algae). Moreover, the interactions between all factors were significant under wheat grain yield of two varieties but no significant differences were found under observed or simulated WP by the Aquacrop model. It can be concluded that it is possible to recommend to use the Aquacrop simulation model for different wheat varieties in the future, to predict the WP in these semi-arid areas, especially under different irrigation systems (Bradford and Hsiao 1982; Entz et al. 1992; Johnston et al. 2002; Heng et al. 2009; Araya et al. 2010; Bennett and Harms 2011).
An explicit representation for the axisymmetric solutions of the free Maxwell equations
Authors: Arminjon Mayeul
Published: July 2020

Garay-Avendaño and Zamboni-Rached defined two classes of axisymmetric solutions of the free Maxwell equations. We prove that the linear combinations of these two classes of solutions cover all totally propagating time-harmonic axisymmetric free Maxwell fields – and hence, by summation on frequencies, all propagating axisymmetric free Maxwell fields. It provides an explicit representation for these fields. This will be important, e.g., to have the interstellar radiation field in a disc galaxy modeled as an exact solution of the free Maxwell equations.
Prognostic effects of SuPAR and Neopterin Levels on Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Yalcin Selim , Demir Mehmet Emin , Ozturk Reyhan , Kılınç Aytün Şadan , Suer Hatice , Karahan Irfan
Published: July 2020

Background: Two unique biomarkers, soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and neopterin, play a crucial role in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to reveal whether it is possible to utilize these biomarkers in predicting tumor prognosis in patients with lung cancers.

Methods: The present study was designed as a single center, prospective, and controlled research. The study was conducted with forty patients with lung cancer (case group) and 41 healthy individuals (control group) in Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine between 2016-2020. The case group was also divided into two of the early and advanced stages. The blood samples were drawn to evaluate suPAR and neopterin levels, and these parameters were compared between the case and control groups. Also, the prognostic effects of age, stage of the tumor, and the levels of mentioned parameters were investigated with the survival analysis.

Results: The median duration of the follow-up was 32 (4-75) months. suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be higher in the case group than in the control group. Cox regression showed that the high levels of neopterin and suPAR increased mortality risk [p=0.002, HR: 1.25 (1.08-1.45 95%CI) and p=0.023, HR:1.07 (1.01-1.13), respectively]. Finally, age and stage of the tumor were found to have no relationship with survival.

Conclusion: suPAR and neopterin as members of the inflammatory pathway were found to be higher in cancer cases. Furthermore, both suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be predictive for the mortality of patients with lung cancers; therefore, they are thought to be used for the management of cancer.
En complément à la géocritique et la géopolitique, la géoesthétique : L’influence des lieux sur la réception sémiotique
Authors: Poirier-Roy Arthur
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’introduire la géoesthésique, une approche des sciences de la culture traitant des interactions entre l’espace et la réception sémiotique. Le tournant spatial des arts et des sciences de la fin du vingtième a inspiré la création de plusieurs nouvelles approches liées à l’espace et au territoire. La Géopoétique de Kenneth White, la Géocritique de Westphal et plus tard de Prieto et Tally, la Géoesthétique de Quirós et Imhoff et éventuellement même la géosymbolique travaillée par Mario Bédard et Christiane Lahaie (2008). C’est en remarquant l’absence, parmi toutes ces approches, d’une approche dont le point central serait, non pas l’espace, mais la réception, et son lien avec l’espace, que Louis Hébert nous a suggérer de concevoir et de rédiger les prémisses d’une telle approche. La géoesthésique serait ainsi une approche pratique et expérimentale grâce à laquelle on pourrait observer l’impact que peut avoir l’espace sur la réception sémiotique d’un élément donné ou l’influence d’une réception sémiotique donnée sur la perception d’un espace fixe.
Erector spinae plane and intra thecal opioid (ESPITO) analgesia in radical nephrectomy utilising a rooftop incision: novel alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia and systemic morphine: a case series
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Goh Lihxuan , Woolsey Lee , Thawale Roshan , Jackson Benjamin L. , Niraj G.
Published: July 2020

Background

Open radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava exploration through a roof top incision involves significant peri-operative morbidity including severe postoperative pain. Although thoracic epidural analgesia provides excellent pain relief, recent trends suggest search for effective alternatives. Systemic morphine is often used as an alternative analgesic technique. However, it does not provide dynamic analgesia and can often impede recovery in patients undergoing major surgery on the abdomen. The authors present the first report of a novel analgesic regimen in this cohort with good outcomes.

Methods

Five patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava exploration received erector spinae plane infusion and intra thecal opioid analgesia at a tertiary care university teaching hospital. Outcomes included dynamic analgesia, length of hospital stay and complications

Results

Five adult patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery, who refused thoracic epidural analgesia, received erector spinae plane infusion and intrathecal opioid analgesia. Patients reported effective dynamic analgesia, minimal use of rescue analgesia, early ambulation and enhanced recovery.

Conclusion

The novel regimen that avoids both epidural analgesia and systemic morphine can be an option in enabling enhanced recovery in this cohort.
Immobility and Motion in Colluthus’The Abduction of Helen
Authors: Karavas Orestis
Published: July 2020

The poets of that time seek to find a way to engrave their names on the wall of immortality through their works. One way of achieving this was by “filling in the gaps” Homer left in his poems, or continuing through them the stories he started. Colluthus, a Greek poet of Egypt, who lived under the reign of Anastasius (5th-6th centuries AD), is known as the author of the short poem The Abduction of Helen. This “prequel” to the Iliad comes after a very long tradition of legends concerning the beginning of the war of Troy. In the present paper I will study how Colluthus uses his characters’ immobility and motion in The Abduction of Helen. I will show that motion always causes a catastrophe, whereas immobility is a synonym for forced inaction or imprisonment.
A novel approach for the discrimination of culture medium from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) overexpressing colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tunçer Sinem , Gurbanov Rafig
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The expression level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is assumed as a prognostic marker for several tumor types, including colorectal cancer. Therefore, the determination of pre- and post-therapy levels of VEGF appears to have great value in the assessment of tumor prognosis. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is commonly used for the determination of serum or plasma VEGF levels, but the method is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we aimed to describe a rapid and cost-effective analysis method to discriminate VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer-derived conditioned medium (CM).

Methods

Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was used to differentiate VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cell line CM from CM obtained from the corresponding control cells which express and secrete relatively lower amount of VEGF.

Results

Samples belong to VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cells were clearly distinguished from the control group with very high PC scores as PC1 + PC2 = 96%. Besides, a 100% accurate distinction between these two groups was achieved by the LDA analysis.

Conclusions

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques was able to discriminate CM of VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cells with high efficiency and accuracy.
New compounds of the Li2
MSn3S8 type
Authors: Heppke Eva M. , Mahadevan Shamini , Lerch Martin
Published: July 2020

The substitution of Cu/Ag by lithium in complex thiospinels with the general formula A
I
2
B
II
C
IV
3
X
VI
8 was achieved by ball milling and a subsequent annealing step in an atmosphere of H2S. Four hitherto unknown compounds Li2
MSn3S8 with M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni were obtained without side phases and have been structurally investigated. From X-ray powder diffraction experiments, space group Fd

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

m and a spinel-type structure are suggested. In these so-called normal spinels, lithium occupies one eighth of the tetrahedral voids (Wyckoff position 8a) of the cubic closest packing of the sulfide ions whereas M and Sn can be found on one half of the octahedral voids (Wyckoff position 16d).
Brazilian Amazon gold: indigenous land rights under risk
Authors: Villén-Pérez Sara , Moutinho Paulo , Nóbrega Caroline Corrêa , De Marco Paulo
Published: July 2020

Brazilian indigenous lands prevent the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest while protecting the land rights of indigenous peoples. However, they are at risk because they overlap with large areas of registered interest for mining. Indigenous lands have been in the spotlight of the pro-development wing of the parliament for decades, and the current president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, promised that he would open up these territories for exploitation. Recently, bill PL191/2020 was released to downgrade the protection status of indigenous lands by regulating mining activities in these territories. Mining operations have an unavoidable socio-environmental impact on indigenous communities that is difficult to compensate. First, rapid demographic growth associated with the incoming migrant workforce often causes social disruption and threat indigenous societies. Moreover, sustained pollution related to mining procedures and accidental spills largely degrade the environment and imperil indigenous health. Finally, mining operations drive deforestation both within and beyond their operational boundaries. Mining is already an essential determinant of forest loss in the Amazon, where further deforestation may result in extended droughts with significant social and economic consequences. We conclude that, if mining operations were allowed in Brazilian indigenous lands, indigenous peoples would be imperiled along with regional and global climate and economies.
(In)dependence of a PhD Student in Shaping the Research Route on the Basis of the Act on Higher Education and Science
Authors: Florczak Izabela
Published: July 2020

Pursuant to the Act on higher education and science, PhD students are educated at a doctoral school. The PhD student prepares a dissertation under the supervision of a supervisor (sometimes also an auxiliary supervisor) leading his scientific path based on the training program and individual research plan. The research work of the doctoral student remains independent as it was in the previous legal reality. However, the degree of PhD students` impact on the research path is much greater. A PhD student remains part of the institutionalized system, in which he has to perform certain duties and through which he is evaluated for the progress of his research. The PhD students` dependence is also related to non-legal factors – individual personnel relations. The presented text covers the situation of the doctoral student on all the above mentioned criteria creating a coherent picture of his (in)dependence in shaping the research route.
The New Regulation of the Employment Relationship of Academic Teachers – Contentious Issues
Authors: Dubowik Anna
Published: July 2020

The Law on Higher Education and Science of 2018 is the ninth act regulating the employment of academic teachers in Poland. This Act does not introduce a breakthrough in the model of employing academic teachers although it introduces significant changes. They concern the employment contract as the basis of the employment relationship or a new catalogue of academic teacher positions. The new regulations raise a number of doubts regarding e.g. the duties of academic teachers, the impact of public or private status of the university on the situation of employees and intertemporal issues. These issues were analysed in the article.
Clodia metela en el discurso “pro caelio” de cicerón: un arquetipo subversivo de mujer
Authors: Berjano Rodríguez Blanca
Published: July 2020

Este artículo estudia la representación de Clodia Metela en el discurso En Defensa de Celio de M. Tulio Cicerón. El análisis pretende extraer y describir cada uno de los elementos que componen el retrato de Clodia y que conforman un arquetipo de mujer concreto: la mulier – meretrix. Como se sabe por diversas fuentes historiográficas, Clodia Metela poseía una inmensa fortuna, por lo que meretrix no representa en este caso a una mujer que ejerce la prostitución. El orador es consciente de que tales alegaciones contra Clodia le beneficiarán en el juicio, pues el efecto censor y despectivo del término meretrix desprestigiarán la imagen de esta patricia romana y su testimonio será invalidado por los jueces y el público. Así, el orador juega con la dicotomía matrona vs. prostituta, una dualidad que se fundamenta en discursos ontológicos normativos sobre las categorías de género en la antigua Roma y que evoluciona hasta nuestros días. El personaje de Clodia también será reivindicado, en la idea de que, fueren cuales fueren sus actos reales, es descrita como una mujer que subvierte los roles de género tradicionales estipulados para una patricia romana y que se define por oposición a la matrona romana o materfamilias.