bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed behaviour of right‐turn drivers at signalized intersections in China
Authors: Yuan Tian , Zhao Xuan , Liu Rui , Zhu Xichan , Wang Shu , Yu Qiang
Published: May 2022

Ensuring human‐like driving performance is fundamental to the widespread adoption and acceptance of intelligent driving systems. The speed behaviour of right‐turn drivers at signalized intersections was studied to improve the human‐like driving capability. The study was conducted using natural driving data and 545 data for drivers turning right at signalized intersections were extracted. YOLOv4 was used to identify the different types of road users. A one‐way ANOVA was used to study the influence of the scene complexity, number of lanes, and intersection shape on the speed selection behaviour. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were used to study the influence of road users, number of lanes, intersection shape, and vehicle motion state on the speed control behaviour. The main results indicate the following: (1) Drivers drove slower when there were more traffic participants or fewer lanes. (2) The intersection shape did not have any effect on the speed behaviour of right‐turn drivers, either speed selection behaviour or speed control behaviour. (3) The reaction distance was affected only by the approach speed in this study; the greater the speed, the longer the reaction distance. (4) In addition to the vehicle motion state, external environmental factors also play a critical role in the braking characteristics, that is, pedestrians, cyclists, lateral traffic, and number of lanes after the turn. (5) The driver's intention to brake after entering the intersection stemmed from road users who were in collision conflict with the host vehicle and fewer lanes after the turn, rather than the speed at the stop line. This research has a guiding significance for the design of human‐like driving of right‐turn driving assistance systems. The target classification method and the measurement method of the driving environment complexity also help improve the human‐like perception of the right‐turn driving assistance system.
Efficient imaging method for multireceiver SAS
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Yang Peixuan , Feng Xiao , Sun Haixin
Published: May 2022

With the Loffeld's bistatic formula, the point target reference spectrum (PTRS) of multireceiver synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) can be decomposed into the quasi monostatic term and bistatic deformation (BD) term. The former term is analogous to the monostatic SAS PTRS while the latter one describes the bistatic phase introduced by the bistatic displacement between the transmitter and receiver. The multireceiver SAS echo signal can be transformed into monostatic SAS equivalent data after correcting the BD term. Based on the range sub‐block processing method, this data transformation is conducted by using the preprocessing step. Then, fast imaging processors based on monostatic SAS system can be directly exploited to process the monostatic SAS equivalent data. In this paper, the authors mainly focus on the application of non‐linear chirp scaling algorithm. At last, the simulations and real data are used to validate the presented method. The processing results show that the imaging performance of presented method is nearly close to that of traditional method. Besides, the imaging efficiency is highly improved compared to the phase centre approximation (PCA) method.
Synthetic Aperture Radar image classification based on constrictive learning with limited data
Authors: Zhu Wenbin , Gu Hong , Zhu Xiaochun
Published: May 2022

It is difficult to obtain a large number of high‐quality labelled Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image data. In order to solve the classification task of an SAR image with limited data, this paper proposes a dual‐network classification model of pre‐training and fine‐tuning based on contrastive learning and pseudo‐label training strategy. The algorithm firstly obtains the initial weight of the network through unsupervised pre‐training and then takes advantage of the pseudo‐label information to realise the fine tuning of the dual network. It effectively reduces the number of samples required during classification. Compared with the classification network without optimisation strategy, the proposed algorithm achieves higher classification accuracy in the ablation study.
Design choices in peer‐to‐peer energy markets with active network management
Authors: Regener Vincenz , Römmelt Gisela , Zeiselmair Andreas , Wasmeier Louisa , Bogensperger Alexander
Published: May 2022

Due to the growing number of Distributed Energy Resources and new electrical loads at the sectoral contact points, novel organisational forms such as Local Energy Markets arise to deal with increasing complexity in the energy system. However, these markets are radically different from traditional energy markets, as they often allow individual prosumers to trade with each other via a peer‐to‐peer scheme. To guarantee tamper‐proof settlement, an increasing number of these markets feature a distributed ledger technology. This paper analyses different design variants of peer‐to‐peer markets, focusing specifically on the allocation mechanism under network constraints as these mechanisms constitute the core component of a market design. We assess these designs concerning user acceptance, economic performance, practicability, and their ability to relieve grid congestion. Further key performance indicators also cover communal revenues or welfare distribution. For this purpose, we developed an agent‐based simulation framework, which builds on data from three German reference municipalities derived from a novel clustering approach. Besides a consolidated presentation of the results, we highlight current implementation obstacles and identify promising concepts for further research.
Does meniscal repair impact muscle strength following ACL reconstruction?
Authors: Mesnard Guillaume , Fournier Gaspard , Joseph Léopold , Shatrov Jobe Gennadi , Lustig Sébastien , Servien Elvire
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Meniscal lesions are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Meniscal repair, when possible, is widely accepted as the standard of care. Despite advancements in surgical and rehabilitation techniques, meniscal repair may impact muscle recovery when performed in conjunction with ACL reconstruction. The objective of this study was to explore if meniscal repairs in the context of ACL reconstruction affected muscle recovery compared to isolated ACL reconstruction. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with isolated ACL reconstruction were compared to 35 patients with ACL reconstruction with an associated meniscal repair. All ACL reconstructions were performed using hamstring grafts with screw-interference graft fixation. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed between six and eight months of follow-up. Muscle recovery between both groups was compared. A further subgroup analysis was performed to compare muscle recovery function of gender and meniscal tear location. Tegner scores were assessed at six months’ follow-up. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding muscle recovery. No difference in muscle recovery was found concerning gender. Lesion of both menisci significantly increased the deficit of hamstrings muscular strength at 60°/s compared to a lesion of one meniscus (26.7% ± 15.2 vs. 18.1% ± 13.5, p = 0.018) and in eccentric test (32.4% ± 26.2 vs. 18.1% ± 13.5, p = 0.040). No significant differences were found concerning the Tegner score. Conclusion: Meniscal repairs performed during an ACL reconstruction do not impact muscle recovery at 6–8 months post-operatively compared to an isolated ACL reconstruction. However, reparations of both menisci appear to impact hamstring muscle recovery negatively.

Level of evidence: III, Retrospective cohort study
Implantatversagen bei Instrumentierungen am lumbosakralen Übergang und Becken
– Ursachen und Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Hartung Philipp , Richter Marcus
Published: May 2022

Die Instrumentierung des lumbosakralen Überganges mit oder ohne Fusion erfolgt bei einer
Vielzahl von Pathologien. Häufig ist dies bei der operativen Therapie von degenerativen
Erkrankungen, aber auch bei Frakturen, Infektionen oder tumorassozierten Osteolysen der
unteren Lendenwirbelsäule und des Sakrums erforderlich. Die biomechanischen Anforderungen
an die Instrumentierung sind in diesem Wirbelsäulenabschnitt besonders hoch. Insbesondere
bei langstreckigen Instrumentierungen auf S1 ist eine hohe Pseudarthroserate im Segmet
L5/S1 mit und ohne Implantatversagen beschrieben. Um das Risiko von Komplikationen, die
zur Schraubenlockerung oder Implantatversagen im Segment L5/S1 führen, zu minimieren,
bieten sich mehrere Verfahren an.

Revisionsstrategien zur Behandlung dieser Komplikationen erfordern neben der genauen
Analyse der Situation, unter Umständen besondere Implantatsysteme und
Operations-Techniken. Die Indikationsstellung zum dorsalen, ventralen oder kombinierten
Zugang ist im Wesentlichen davon abhängig, ob das Ziel der Operation die Fusion L5/S1
darstellt und wie diese mit größt möglicher Wahrscheinlichkeit erreicht werden kann.
Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern früh erkennen und präventiv handeln
Authors: Achenbach Peter
Published: May 2022

Typ-1-Diabetes ist die häufigste chronische Stoffwechselerkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter, mit steigenden Inzidenzraten. Die Autoimmunerkrankung kann heute bereits in einem frühen Stadium – noch bevor Symptome auftreten – durch Antikörpertests sicher diagnostiziert werden. Die Fr1da-Studie verfolgt das Ziel, Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern im präsymptomatischen Frühstadium zu erkennen, durch Schulung und Monitoring schwere Stoffwechselentgleisungen bei Betroffenen zu verhindern und ihnen die Teilnahme an klinischen Studien mit neuen, potenziell präventiven Therapien zu ermöglichen. Die Durchführbarkeit und der Nutzen eines bevölkerungsweiten Screenings für Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern sollen evaluiert werden. Die Aufnahme der Früherkennungsuntersuchung in die medizinische Regelversorgung wird angestrebt.
A Perspective on the Force-Induced Heterolytic Bond Cleavage in Triarylmethane Mechanophores
Authors: Berrocal José Augusto , Hemmer James R.
Published: May 2022

Triarylmethane derivatives and their corresponding trityl carbocations are among the oldest chemical species synthesized and studied by chemists. The carbocationic platforms are particularly interesting due to their stability, high extinction coefficient, and tunable absorption of light in the visible spectrum, which can be achieved through structural modifications. These stable cations are traditionally obtained through heterolytic cleavage of judiciously designed, parent triarylmethanes by exposure to acids or UV light (λ < 300 nm), and methods based on electrochemistry or radiolysis. Our group has recently discovered that trityl carbocations can be generated also via mechanical stimulation of solid polymer materials featuring triarylmethane units as covalent crosslinks. In this Synpacts contribution, we expand on our previous finding by discussing some intriguing research questions that we aim to tackle in the immediate future.

1 Introduction

2 The Development of Our First Triarylmethane Mechanophore

3 The Potential Reversibility of Triarylmethane Mechanophores

4 A General Molecular Platform for Force-Induced, Scissile, Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Cleavage?

5 Conclusion
Treatment Outcomes of Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A Single-Center Experience from India
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Niranjan , MP Rakesh , KVS Latha
Published: May 2022

Background Survival data for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma are very sparse in India. We performed this study to find the median overall survival of patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma and to identify prognostic factors for survival.

Methods This is a retrospective study of 30 patients with inoperable and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy. Overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the impact of age, gender, performance status, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19.9, liver function test on survival. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results The mean age of the population was 47.5 years (±14.5). The most common presenting complaint was jaundice followed by abdominal pain. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma comprised of 86%. Median number of cycles was 4 and the response rate was 46.6% (partial response and stable disease) The median overall survival was 9 months (95% confidence interval = 6.0–11.8 months). The median survival of patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score < 2 and ≥2 were 15.6 and 4.2 months (p = 0.002), respectively. The median overall survival for patients with albumin > 3.0 g/dL was 12.1 and 4.5 months for < 3.0 g/dL (p = 0.039). Patients with CA 19.9 < 200 U/mL had a better overall survival (13.2 months) than those above 200 U/mL (5.6 months) (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, performance status was found to be the only independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion Advanced cholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis. Performance status, serum albumin, and CA 19.9 were found to be prognostic.
Intraosseous Lipoma of the Calvaria in the Early Stage Resembling Normal Fatty Marrow
Authors: Nagase Shunsuke , Ogura Kanako , Ashizawa Karin , Sakaguchi Asumi , Hotchi Shiori , Hishii Makoto , Fukunaga Masaharu , Matsumoto Toshiharu
Published: May 2022

Intraosseous lipoma (IOL) is a benign bone tumor that usually arises from the lower limb and rarely arises from the skull. Radiological diagnosis of a typical case is not problematic due to its characteristic calcification and marginal sclerosis. Here, we report a case of calvarial IOL in the early stage lacking conventional radiopathological features. The patient is a 7-year-old girl who presented with a slow-growing protuberance on the vertex of the head. Computed tomography displayed a low-density mass without calcification that was continuous with the surrounding diploe. The mass was resected piece by piece for diagnostic and cosmetic reasons. Histologically, the specimen consisted of bony trabeculae and intertrabecular adipose tissue, which resembled normal fatty marrow. However, adipose tissue was considered neoplastic since it lacked hematopoietic elements. The final diagnosis of IOL was made by radiopathological correlation. This case suggests that IOL should be included in the differential diagnosis of diploic expansion, even if calcification is absent. The histology of an early-stage IOL resembles normal fatty marrow, but recognizing the absence of hematopoietic elements aids the diagnosis. Also, our literature review indicates that such cases are likely to be encountered in the calvaria than cranial base.
University-Based Researchers as Knowledge Brokers for Climate Policies and Action
Authors: Lewis David , Rahman M. Feisal , Twinomuhangi Revocatus , Haque Shababa , Huq Nazmul , Huq Saleemul , Ribbe Lars , Ishtiaque Asif
Published: May 2022

Responding effectively to climate crisis requires strong science-policy links to be put in place. Past research on the research-policy interface indicates longstanding challenges that have become more acute in the case of climate science, since this requires multi-disciplinary approaches and faces distinctive political challenges in linking knowledge with policy. What can be learned from the experiences of university-based researchers seeking to influence policy as they try to operate in the brokering space? With this in mind, an empirical study was designed to capture the detailed views and experiences of forty researchers in four universities across four countries—Bangladesh, Germany, Uganda and UK. It found a wide range of different researcher attitudes to policy engagement, diverse methods of engaging, a preference for working with government and civil society over private sector policy actors, and a perceived need for more university support. The findings suggest a need to rethink conditions for engagement to create spaces for knowledge exchange and cooperation that can contribute to policies for societal transformation. More attention also needs to be paid to interdisciplinary research approaches, improving research connections with private sector actors, and strengthening university research links with local communities. Finally, the position of university based researchers in the Global South will require strengthening to improve North–South knowledge exchange, capacity development, and incentives for policy engagement.
Bibliometric analysis of trends in COVID-19 and tourism
Authors: Viana-Lora Alba , Nel-lo-Andreu Marta Gemma
Published: May 2022

The aim of the research is the bibliometric analysis of research on COVID-19 and tourism in order to detect research lines and gaps, the main authors, the countries with the highest number of publications, the most analysed study areas, the journals with the most number of publications and the articles with the highest number of citations. The Web of Science (WOS) database was used to extract the publications and the VOSviewer software was used to represent the data analysed. The keywords used resulted in 1792 publications that were subjected to a filtering process to avoid introducing articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, the analysis was composed by 921 publications. The analysis locates a new line of research that visualizes the crisis as an opportunity to propel a new, more sustainable tourism. Tourist perception and the risk of transmission, together with the analysis of measures and policies are other of the most researched topics. China is the country with the most articles on COVID-19 and tourism according to the author’s main affiliation, as well as being the most analysed area of study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article to carry out a bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 and tourism publications.
The role of community leaders and other information intermediaries during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the multicultural sector in Australia
Authors: Seale Holly , Harris-Roxas Ben , Heywood Anita , Abdi Ikram , Mahimbo Abela , Chauhan Ashfaq , Woodland Lisa
Published: May 2022

Community and religious leaders and other natural leaders from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds have been postulated as a gateway into communities. They act as information intermediaries that enable public health messages to reach individuals. However, there are currently limitations regarding our understanding of these information intermediaries’ regarding their capacity, role, and reach. In-depth interviews were undertaken to understand the perceptions of those working in Australia, including multicultural health, communication and other social support roles focused on CaLD communities, towards the role and impact of information intermediaries in promoting and supporting COVID-19 public health communication and engagement activities. Forty-six semi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders who have an active role in delivering services and other social support to CaLD communities. Four key themes emerged related to the role of information intermediaries during the interviews. Ideas focused on their role in “bridging the gap” and supporting pandemic-related information delivery into communities. Participants felt that there had been a failure by Federal government agencies to recognise the role of these stakeholders early in the pandemic and a failure to provide sufficient resources and support. However, concerns were also raised that public health messages may be inappropriately interpreted or translated by the community information intermediaries or potentially blocked if the message does not align with the broker’s own beliefs. Finally, concerns were raised about the potential for burn-out among information intermediaries. In preparing and responding to pandemics and other disasters, community leaders and other information intermediaries recognise they have an important role to play and must be provided with resources to enhance and sustain their involvement.
Explore, engage, empower: methodological insights into a transformative mixed methods study tackling the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Fritz Livia , Vilsmaier Ulli , Clément Garance , Daffe Laurie , Pagani Anna , Pang Melissa , Gatica-Perez Daniel , Kaufmann Vincent , Santiago Delefosse Marie , Binder Claudia R.
Published: May 2022

Action-oriented, transformative, and transdisciplinary approaches are increasingly heralded as promising tools that enable researchers not only to produce new knowledge about a situation, but also to actively engage in tackling it; however, such approaches raise critical questions about the methodological implications and conflicts involved in pursuing multiple objectives concurrently. This article seeks to advance this debate by examining the methodological implications of pursuing both knowledge production-oriented (epistemic) and action-oriented (transformative) objectives in urgent and uncertain situations. It asks how far a transformative mixed methods research design can leverage the potential of research to achieve multiple objectives in times of crisis. This methodological inquiry is based on a transformative mixed methods study on housing conditions and well-being which was initiated during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. The study was composed of a country-wide survey, mobile crowdsourcing, interviews and Citizen Think Tanks. The results of this methodological reflection illustrate how this research design made it possible to (i) explore the effects of the crisis on domestic living spaces, (ii) engage with the crisis in a joint research space, and (iii) stimulate empowerment through reflection and mutual learning. These insights suggest the multidimensional orientation of the transformative mixed methods approach is appropriate for acting upon urgent crises. However, it challenges core methodological values and research constellations including (i) tackling unequal engagement opportunities, (ii) navigating social and epistemic control, and (iii) paying attention to situatedness and positionality. The article concludes that, in anticipation of future crises, favorable conditions for multi-targeted, collaborative research need to be fostered, both on the institutional and on personal levels. These conditions should enable fast and adequate team formation, as well as reflection and negotiation of positionalities, and divergent interests and objectives, of both scientists and citizens.
Between détente and the shock of the global. The late Franco regime and its meaning for transatlantic relations (1975)
Authors: Robles Asensio
Published: May 2022

This article examines how the Franco regime influenced transatlantic relations in 1975. The imminent death of General Francisco Franco, seen as part of the transnational Southern Flank crisis, represented an intellectual challenge for the West. As such, it forced US and Western European policymakers to test their divergent understandings of détente. Yet this new divide did not strain transatlantic relations. Happening in parallel to the world recession and the international energy crisis, it instead served to highlight transatlantic interdependency during a time of major global transformations. Thus, the Spanish dictatorship contributed to moving Western countries towards new forms of multilateralism.
Sound pulses spot home invaders
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2022

Changes in periodic sound pulses can be analyzed to detect movement in a room.
Easy and computer-time-saving implementation of the van der Pauw method including anisotropy and probe positioning correction factors using approximate closed-form analytical functions
Authors: Hurand Simon , Chommaux Thibault , Renault Pierre-Olivier , Girardeau Thierry , Paumier Fabien
Published: May 2022

Measurements in a van der Pauw configuration often require the use of complicated mathematical expressions or implicit relations, which may be computer-time-consuming or tedious to implement in a given software. Thus, a closed-form expression is often desirable. We propose to approximate these relations by closed-form analytical functions using only basic operators that can be easily implemented. We present explicitly the functions and the numerical values of their parameters for the cases of standard van der Pauw measurement, anisotropic resistivities, and the probe position correction factor. The discrepancy with the exact values is smaller than 10−5, which is sufficient for practical purposes.
Phenomenon of triple jump in propagation of microbial waves through porous media: Example of oil recovery
Authors: Panfilov Mikhail , Zaleski Stéphane
Published: May 2022

We analyze the problem of injection of water with micro-organisms into an underground porous medium containing another fluid (oil or gas). The microbes produce a metabolite (a surfactant) that changes capillary and wetting properties between the fluids, which increases the oil mobility. We analyze the Riemann problem for balance equations, which has been reduced to a hyperbolic system of fourth degree. The fractional flow function (F) is assumed to be discontinuous with respect to the surfactant concentration, which provides us the opportunity to develop a qualitative theory of the process and even to obtain the analytical solution. We have determined explicitly the characteristic speeds of continuous waves, several contact jumps, and shock waves, along with a non-classical element, such as a triple jump, the initial state of which is a thorn of saturation. We have shown that a triple jump and a thorn are not numerical artifacts, but true physical objects that satisfy the mass balance and the entropy conditions. Physically, a triple jump means the fast variation of wetting, which leads to the formation of an oil bank and a water wall in front of it. We have revealed a complete qualitative scenario for the propagation of saturation and concentrations, which contains several steps. This information makes it possible to control the correctness of numerical simulation of the process. The subsequent numerical analysis was based on four methods: Godunov's, MacCormack's, upwind and an implicit scheme with small diffusion. Their free parameters were calibrated to reproduce all the stages of the scenario identified analytically. We analyze the ability of various numerical schemes to capture triple jumps and thorns, comparing with the analytical solution.
Broadband resonance-enhanced frequency generation by four-wave mixing in a silicon Floquet topological photonic insulator
Authors: Zimmerling T. J. , Afzal S. , Van V.
Published: May 2022

Floquet topological photonic insulators, whose light transport properties are dictated by the periodic drive sequence of the lattice, provide more flexibility for controlling and trapping light than undriven topological insulators. This can enable novel nonlinear optics applications in topological photonics. Here, we employ a novel resonance effect called Floquet Defect Mode Resonance (FDMR) in a 2D silicon Floquet microring lattice to demonstrate resonance-enhanced frequency generation by four-wave mixing of Floquet bulk modes in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity. The compact, cavity-less resonance mode, induced through a periodic perturbation of the lattice drive sequence, has the largest reported Q-factor for a 2D topological resonator of ∼105 with low group velocity dispersion, which enables efficient broadband frequency generation over several Floquet–Brillouin zones of the Floquet topological insulator. We achieved wavelength conversion over a 10.1 nm spectral range with an average enhancement of 12.5 dB in the conversion efficiency due to the FDMR. Our work could lead to robust light sources generated directly on a topologically protected photonic platform.
Penetration characteristics of a liquid droplet impacting on a narrow gap: Experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Bouchard D. J. , Andredaki M. , Georgoulas A. , Marengo M. , Chandra S.
Published: May 2022

Experimentalists are limited in the amount of information they can derive from drop impact experiments on porous surfaces because of the short timescales involved and the normally opaque nature of porous materials. Numerical simulations can supplement experiments and provide researchers with previously unattainable information such as velocity and pressure profiles, and quantification of fluid volume flow rates into the pores. Ethanol drops, 2.0 mm in diameter, are impacted on a narrow gap at Weber numbers that match the impact of water drops, also 2.0 mm in diameter, on the same gap size in a previous study. The experiments show the ethanol drops cleaving at all Weber numbers tested, while the water drops completely enter the gap at low Weber numbers and only cleave at higher Weber numbers. A volume of fluid numerical model of the experiments is constructed in OpenFOAM and used to probe the interior of the drops during impact. For the water drop, a high-pressure region fills the drop during impact which continuously drives liquid into the gap. For the ethanol drops, the high-pressure region is smaller and quickly attenuates, which results in a near-zero vertical velocity at the entrance of the gap. Compared to water, the lower surface tension of ethanol causes these drops to spread further upon impact, recoil less, and overall have less liquid over the gap, which promotes cleaving. Against a superficial thought, when the penetration of liquids into porous materials is to be maximized, a higher surface tension liquid is therefore desirable.
Oxygen vacancy concentration as a function of cycling and polarization state in TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN ferroelectric capacitors studied by x-ray photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Hamouda Wassim , Mehmood Furqan , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe , Mentes Tevfik Onur , Locatelli Andrea , Barrett Nick
Published: May 2022

We have studied the field cycling behavior of microscopic TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN ferroelectric capacitors using synchrotron-based soft x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. The oxygen vacancy (VO) concentration near the top TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 interface is estimated from the reduction of Hf4+ to Hf3+ as measured in the Hf 4f core level spectra. The VO concentration increases with field cycling and redistributes under the effect of the internal field due to the polarization. Upward pointing polarization slightly depletes the concentration near the top interface, whereas downward polarization causes VO drift toward the top interface. The VO redistribution after wake-up is consistent with shifts in the I–V switching peak. The Schottky barrier height for electrons decreases systematically with cycling in polarization states, reflecting the overall increase in VO.
The role of viscosity ratio in Janus drop impact on macro-ridge structure
Authors: Kim Guk Hee , Kim Jaeung , Yun Sungchan
Published: May 2022

An interaction of liquid and solid surfaces upon impact has made great progress in understanding the principle behind impinging compound drops, such as single-interface Janus and core–shell configurations, for controlling drop mobility on the surfaces. Despite advancement of recent technologies, fundamentals of how viscosity ratios of Janus drops affect post-impact dynamics on anisotropic surfaces are still unknown. Here, we numerically investigate the asymmetric impact dynamics of Janus drops on a non-wettable ridged surface to demonstrate the feasibility of the separation of the low-viscosity part from the high-viscosity part by reducing the residence time. The separation is investigated for various viscosity ratios, Weber numbers (We), and initial angle, which are discussed in terms of the temporal evolution of the mass and momentum distributions. A regime map for the separation reveals that the low-viscosity parts are more likely to be separated from high-viscosity parts as the viscosity ratio increases. The phenomenon can be related to a retraction time, which is explained by a hydrodynamic model for the low-viscosity part. This study suggests that We thresholds for the separation can be significantly reduced with the help of center-assisted retraction along the ridge. The asymmetric bouncing of Janus drops on a ridged surface can open up possibilities for the efficient control of liquid separation.
Effect of refeeding on growth performance, blood metabolites and physiological parameters of Dorper × Santa Ines lambs previously subjected to feed restriction
Authors: Teixeira Angélica B. M. , Schuh Bruno R. F. , Daley Veridiana L. , Fernandes Sergio R. , Freitas José A.
Published: May 2022

Context Weaned lambs raised on pasture-based systems in Brazil are often subjected to periods of forage shortage, limiting their nutrient and energy intake and, hence, their growth. Fast recovery of lamb body weight is important to the efficiency, sustainability and profitability of these sheep production systems. Aim We evaluated the effects of refeeding on growth performance, blood metabolites and physiological parameters of Dorper × Santa Ines lambs after low and moderate feed restriction, to determine whether there was a compensatory growth response. Methods Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were assigned to a completely randomised design with three treatments and eight replicates. The trial was conducted in a feedlot and divided into two phases: (1) feed restriction for 64 days, and (2) refeeding for 42 days. In Phase 1, the respective treatments provided energy supplies of 0.481, 0.841 and 1.205 MJ metabolisable energy per kg metabolic weight daily, corresponding to 60% (PR60, moderate) and 30% (PR30, low) feed restriction levels and ad libitum intake. In Phase 2, the lambs in PR60 and PR30 treatments were refed ad libitum. Performance and blood measurements were taken in Phase 1 for the ad libitum treatment, and Phase 2 for PR60 and PR30 treatments. Key results Highest initial and final bodyweights of 32.7 and 41.2 kg were recorded in the PR30 treatment during Phase 2, compared with 23.0 and 36.7 kg averaged over PR60 and ad libitum treatments. Average daily gain did not differ among treatments (276 g/day, on average). Dry matter intake was significantly higher in PR30 than the ad libitum treatment (1406 vs 1158 g/day), with PR60 intermediate (1267 g/day). Serum levels of albumin, urea and creatinine indicated that protein metabolism was strongly affected by the PR60 treatment. High metabolic rate and subsequent rapid growth determined high respiratory rate and rectal temperature in the lambs from PR60 and PR30 treatments. Conclusions Moderate feed restriction relative to maintenance level followed by an ad libitum refeeding period in the feedlot leads to a strong compensatory growth response in Dorper × Santa Ines lambs. Implications In periods of low feed availability, keeping weaned lambs under moderate feed restriction is a good strategy to induce an efficient compensatory growth response in the feedlot during the finishing phase.
Long-lifetime green-emitting Tb
Authors: Rochowiak Weronika , Kasprzycka Ewa , Assunção Israel P. , Kynast Ulrich , Lezhnina Marina
Published: May 2022

The present report describes a new approach to stain bacteria by means of rare earth complexes. We demonstrate with selected Gram-negative and positive bacteria (Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus megaterium) that these microbes can be stained efficiently with derivatives of N-phenylanthranilic acid, flufenamic acid in particular, and Tb3+ ions. Hence, the inherent advantages of rare earth complexes, e.g. strong optical absorption (>50 000 L × M−1 × cm−1) due to the antenna effect, large Stokes’ shifts (~10 000 cm−1) and very long emission decay times (millisecond range), and, not least, enhanced photostability can be fully exploited in fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of the bacteria; foreseeably, these findings will also be useful in flow cytometry and ELISA techniques.
Evolutionary history of the Australasian Scirtinae (Scirtidae; Coleoptera) inferred from ultraconserved elements
Authors: Bradford Tessa M. , Ruta Rafał , Cooper Steven J. B. , Libonatti María L. , Watts Chris H. S.
Published: May 2022

The Scirtidae Fleming, 1821 has been identified as one of the earliest diverging groups of Polyphagan beetles and is particularly speciose in Australia. However, very little is known about the origin of the Australian scirtids and there is a need for a robust, well-supported phylogeny to guide the genus and species descriptions and understand the relationships among taxa. In this study we carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the Australian Scirtinae Fleming, 1821, using DNA sequence data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and included representative taxa from New Zealand, New Caledonia, South America, South Africa and Eurasia in the analysis. Bayesian analyses of a concatenated dataset from 79 taxa recovered four major Southern Hemisphere groupings and two Australian–Eurasian groupings. The Veronatus group mainly consisted of genera from New Zealand, with the three Australian representatives only distantly related to each other. Relaxed molecular clock analyses, using the estimated age of the crown node of the Polyphaga for calibration, support a Gondwanan history for four of the groups of Australian Scirtinae and a northern origin for two groups. Our results highlight the value of commercially available UCEs for resolving the phylogenetic history of ancient groups of Coleoptera.
Omic applications to understand food system microbiomes
Authors: Gray Jessica
Published: May 2022

Understanding the microbial communities associated with food systems has traditionally used culture-based techniques that can provide a snapshot of the microorganisms present. However, this approach requires multiple media types and only allows for the identification of a limited number of culturable species. Culture-independent methods such as sequencing and omic techniques provide a deeper understanding of the microbial community, how they interact and function together across the entire food system. This review provides a brief introduction to omic techniques used in microbiome studies and touches on microbiome research that has been undertaken across the farm to fork continuum focusing on leafy vegetables where possible.
Cheese quality and authenticity: new technologies help solve an age-old problem
Authors: Pillidge Christopher , Afshari Roya , Gill Harsharn
Published: May 2022

Cheese represents a complex ecosystem of starter and non-starter bacteria, with populations changing over time as the cheese matures. Successive microbial communities, particularly in aged cheeses like cheddar, have a profound impact on the final cheese flavour and quality. Being able to accurately predict cheese ripening outcomes at an early stage, based on cost-effective analyses, would be of great benefit to cheesemakers. In the past, there has been a significant gap between microbiological and chemical information obtained from omics and its application to the cheese industry, but thanks to recent advances in omics analytical methods, computing programs and sensor technologies, this gap is narrowing.
How local partisan context conditions prosocial behaviors: Mask wearing during COVID-19
Authors: Baxter-King Ryan , Brown Jacob R. , Enos Ryan D. , Naeim Arash , Vavreck Lynn
Published: May 2022

Significance

Differences between Democrats and Republicans in rates of wearing a mask to stop the spread of COVID-19 are associated with the partisan balance of a neighborhood. The difference in rates grew larger as the share of Republicans in a neighborhood increased. This finding appears to be driven by decreased rates of mask wearing by Republicans who live among increasing numbers of Republicans (and not by Democrats in the same neighborhood). Theories about social pressure suggest these findings may be driven by the politicized and publicly observable nature of wearing a mask relative to other COVID-19 mitigation strategies, like vaccination. Neighborhood partisan composition was only weakly related to uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and unrelated to uptake of flu vaccines.
Rhetorical questions as reproaching devices
Authors: Albelda Marco Marta
Published: May 2022

This paper studies rhetorical questions containing cognitive verbs that function as reproaches in Spanish. Its two
main goals are to determine the degree of specialization of rhetorical questions as reproaches and to examine the characterization
of reproaching as a speech act, indicating the distinctive features that distinguish it from other similar speech acts.

Based on a contextual analysis of approximately 500 instances of reproaches in conflict talk drawn from the
Spanish Royal Academy’s Corpes XXI corpus, I identify and describe the most commonly used cognitive verbs and syntactic structures used
in rhetorical questions. The results show that reproach is a reactive-provocative speech act in which the speaker reacts to a
contradiction perceived in their interlocutor’s words, actions or thoughts. The speaker appeals to their interlocutor’s moral
conscience, making them think about this inconsistency; finally, the speaker creates the expectation of a duty that should have
been carried out by the interlocutor.
Investigating the prevalence of low energy availability, disordered eating and eating disorders in competitive and recreational female endurance runners
Authors: Dervish R. A. , Wilson L. J. , Curtis C.
Published: May 2022

Eating disorders (ED), disordered eating (DE) and low energy availability (LEA) can be detrimental to health and performance. Previous studies have independently investigated the prevalence of ED, DE or LEA; however, limited studies have combined methods identifying risk within female runners. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of ED, DE and LEA in United Kingdom‐based female runners and associations between age, competition level and running distance. The Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) and Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF‐Q) were used in a cross‐sectional study design. A total of n = 524 responses eligible for analysis were received. A total of n = 248 (47.3%), n = 209 (40%) and n = 49 (9.4%) athletes were at risk of LEA, DE and ED, respectively. LEAF‐Q scores differed based upon age (Age: H(3) = 23.998, p ≤ .05) and competitive level (Comp: H(1 ) = 7.682, p ≤ .05) whereas FAST scores differed based on age (Age: F(3,523) = 4.753, p ≤ .05). Tukey's post‐hoc tests showed significantly higher FAST scores in 18–24 years compared to all other age categories (p ≤ .05). Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated age and competitive level modestly predicted LEAF‐Q scores (R 2 adj = 0.047, F(2,523) = 13.993, p ≤ .05, VIF = 1.0) whereas age modestly predicted FAST scores (R 2 adj = 0.022, F(1,523) = 12.711, p ≤ .05, VIF = 1.0). These findings suggest early identification, suitable screening methods and educational intervention programmes should be aimed at all levels of female endurance runners.

Highlights

A total of 524 female endurance completed a self‐administered, online questionnaire screening for low energy availability, disordered eating and eating disorders risk.

Age and competitive level modestly predicted low energy availability and age modestly predicted disordered eating and eating disorders in female endurance runners.

A higher percentage of 18‐ to 24‐year‐old female endurance runners were at greater risk of low energy availability, disordered eating and eating disorders compared to other age categories.

These findings highlight the need for regular screening in order to aid early interventions to prevent potential decrements in performance and health as endurance runners mature.
Characterization and compensation of thermal bias drift of a stiffness-tunable MEMS accelerometer
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Ma Zhipeng , Jin Yiming , Ye Ziyi , Zheng Xudong , Jin Zhonghe
Published: May 2022

This paper presents characterization and compensation of the thermal bias drift of a MEMS accelerometer whose effective stiffness is electrostatically tuned to a low value with the help of the single-sided parallel plates (SSPPs) capacitors. A temperature drift model for the proposed accelerometer is built and the temperature effect on the mechanical stiffness and the circuit gains is characterized. The characterization reveals that the variations of the feedforward coefficient including the mechanical stiffness and the readout gain due to the temperature change play a significant role in the bias drift of output of the proposed closed-loop accelerometer. On the other hand, the variations of both feedback gain and tuning gain as a function of temperature are one-order-of-magnitude less than that of the feedforward coefficient. To calibrate the feedforward coefficient, an excitation signal as a form of AC reference displacement is introduced to drive the proof mass and the readout response is demodulated to calibrate the variance of the feedforward coefficient correspondingly. An open-loop compensation scheme for the temperature-induced bias drift using the variance of the calibrated response is proposed accordingly. Alternatively, the calibrated response can be controlled to a preset value by a new proportion integral derivative (PID) controller by the adjustment of the SSPP tuning voltage. The output of the PID controller is used for the calibration of the introduced bias from the electrostatic tuning force. Therefore, a closed-loop compensation of the thermal bias drift is achieved by remaining the feedforward coefficient while eliminating the calibrated bias. Experiments under a temperature cooling process and different tuning voltages are carried out to verify two proposed compensation schemes. The temperature drift coefficients (TDCs) of both compensated outputs exhibit at least one-order-of-magnitude reduction in response to the temperature change. When the effective stiffness of the accelerometer is tuned to about 4.19 N m−1, the TDC of the compensated output using the proposed open-loop or closed-loop compensation schemes is reduced to about 0.1136 or 0.0391 mg °C−1, respectively and meanwhile, the Allan bias instability is slightly increased to 48.63 or 56.14 μg, respectively.
Determination of the effective anisotropy of magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles from Mössbauer effect spectra
Authors: Orozco-Henao J M , Muraca D , Sánchez F H , Mendoza Zélis P
Published: May 2022

The stoichiometry and the effective anisotropy constant (K

eff
) of several samples of iron-oxide nanoparticles with sizes between 12 and 51 nm, showing spheroidal and cubic shapes, were studied by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). Mössbauer spectra were analyzed and fitted considering two magnetically split subspectra due to

F

e

3
+

and

F

e

2.5
+

ions in tetrahedral and octahedral sites of a non-stoichiometric magnetite, respectively. In order to take into account the collective fluctuations of the NPs magnetic moments, the measured Mössbauer spectra were fitted including a distribution of the hyperfine interactions associated with the NPs volume (V) distribution. To determine the K

eff
value, a direct comparison between the size distribution obtained from structural characterization techniques and the

K

e
f
f

V

product obtained from Mössbauer spectra fitting was made. In this regard, the K

eff
value was determined as the one that maximizes the coincidence between the mean NPs sizes obtained by both methods. Finally, an overall surface anisotropy constant K

s
value was obtained by means of a linear relation between the mean NP size, the experimentally determined K

eff
and a weighted arithmetic mean magnetic anisotropy related with the bulk magnetite and maghemite anisotropy constants at RT. An evident relation between the

K

e
f
f

V

values through the parameter

λ
=

K

e
f
f

V

/

k
B

T

and the magnetite/maghemite fraction in each sample was also observed.