bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of Microwave Scattering in a Stochastic Ensemble of Measured Rain Drops
Authors: Tapiador Francisco J. , Moreno Raúl , Navarro Andrés , Jiménez Alfonso , Arias Enrique , Cazorla Diego
Published: June 2018

While it has been proved that multiple scattering in the microwave frequencies has to be accounted for in precipitation retrieval algorithms, the effects of the random arrangements of drops in space has seldom been investigated. The fact is, a single rain drop size distribution (RDSD) corresponds with many actual 3D distributions of those rain drops and each of those may a priori absorb and scatter radiation in a different way. Each spatial configuration is equivalent to any other in terms of the RDSD function, but not in terms of radiometric characteristics, both near and far from field, because of changes in the relative phases among the particles. Here, using the T-matrix formalism, we investigate the radiometric variability of two ensembles of 50 different 3D, stochastically-derived configurations from two consecutive measured RDSDs with 30 and 31 drops, respectively. The results show that the random distribution of drops in space has a measurable but apparently small effect in the scattering calculations with the exception of the asymmetry factor.
Preload Monitoring of Bolted L-Shaped Lap Joints Using Virtual Time Reversal Method
Authors: Du Fei , Xu Chao , Wu Guannan , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2018

L-shaped bolt lap joints are commonly used in aerospace and civil structures. However, bolt joints are frequently subjected to loosening, and this has a significant effect on the safety and reliability of these structures. Therefore, bolt preload monitoring is very important, especially at the early stage of loosening. In this paper, a virtual time reversal guided wave method is presented to monitor preload of bolted L-shaped lap joints accurately and simply. In this method, a referenced reemitting signal (RRS) is extracted from the bolted structure in fully tightened condition. Then the RRS is utilized as the excitation signal for the bolted structure in loosening states, and the normalized peak amplitude of refocused wave packet is used as the tightness index (TIA). The proposed method is experimentally validated by L-shaped bolt joints with single and multiple bolts. Moreover, the selections of guided wave frequency and tightness index are also discussed. The results demonstrate that the relationship between TIA and bolt preload is linear. The detection sensitivity is improved significantly compared with time reversal (TR) method, particularly when bolt loosening is at its embryo stage. The results also show that TR method is an effective method for detection of the number of loosening bolts.
Reviewing the Long-Term Sustainability of Urban Water System Rehabilitation Strategies with an Alternative Approach
Authors: Bruaset Stian , Rygg Håkon , Sægrov Sveinung
Published: June 2018

It is generally difficult to assess the performance of an infrastructure with a substantially longer life span than economic models can handle, and the life cycle concepts in urban water systems are normally limited to single-asset projects. In order to explore the long-term impact of urban water infrastructure rehabilitation strategies, a life cycle approach for survival functions is suggested. A life cycle factor based on survival functions is introduced, which is a measuring value of the total expected service life of all pipes within a group of pipes. Another factor, termed the sustainability factor, is based on the relationship between the life cycle factor and a rehabilitation reference method, which makes it possible to correct the long-term performance of rehabilitation methods based on their expected service life provision. A case study presents the implications for investments in infrastructure rehabilitation when applying the sustainability factor in long-term planning, and shows the importance of considering the service life of rehabilitation methods when planning renewal interventions that minimize costs over their life cycles.
Doing Good Is Not Enough, You Should Have Been Authentic: Organizational Identification, Authentic Leadership and CSR
Authors: Kim Byung-Jik , Nurunnabi Mohammad , Kim Tae-Hyun , Kim Taejoong
Published: June 2018

Previous studies on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and organizational performance have emphasized how CSR influences the external stakeholders such as shareholders, customers, and local communities to explain the association. Thus, it is relatively less studied how CSR influences internal stakeholders, which ultimately accrue to organizational performance. Grounded on institutional theory which proposes that institutional enablers such as CSR activities affect macro-level outcomes (i.e., organizational performance) through micro-level mechanisms (i.e., attitudes or behaviors of members), we argue that internal processes are critical to explaining the CSR–performance link. Using 2-wave time-lagged survey data of 301 employees from various companies in South Korea, we first investigate how organizational identification (OI) mediates the CSR–performance link. In addition, we also investigate how authentic leadership moderates the link between CSR and OI. The results showed that OI is an important internal process that CSR enhances for organizational performance. In addition, authentic leadership positively moderated the effect of CSR on OI. Our results suggest that we need to understand “internal” intermediating mechanisms as well as critical contextual factors to elaborately explain the relationship.
Rethinking Rural Transformation Caused by Comprehensive Land Consolidation: Insight from Program of Whole Village Restructuring in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Chen Fu , Yu Man , Zhu Fengwu , Shen Chunzhu , Zhang Shaoliang , Yang Yongjun
Published: June 2018

China has made great progress in its economy and urbanization in the past 30 years, but rural development has lagged behind the cities and the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen. The Chinese government implemented the “Building New Countryside Plan” in 2006, which used a new policy of increasing the urban land quota linked with decreasing rural construction land to promote rural transformation and the coordinated development of the urban–rural area. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of rural transformation caused by comprehensive land consolidation and to improve the future practical operability of the policy, a field survey on 42 projects in Jiangsu Province was conducted from March–August 2016. The results of this study showed that: (1) Comprehensive land consolidation had a significant role in promoting rural transformation based on the premise of excluding the average growth rate and 88.1% of the project’s farmers’ income achieved a faster increase than other areas; (2) the increase in the farmer’s income was mainly attributed to non-agricultural income as non-agricultural employment was still a precondition for rural transformation and the degree of local industrialization and educational levels received by farmers were limited for rural transformation; (3) the transfer fees of the land quota were the key factor to maintain the financial balance between demolition and resettlement, but local land quota demand and government capacity in financial operations affected rural restructuring; and (4) the absence of rural social welfare systems significantly affected the land transfer rate. The above conclusions are helpful in understanding the dynamic mechanism of rural transformation, enriching the academic literature in related fields, and are of practical significance for rural revitalization in developing countries.
Group-Theoretic Exploitations of Symmetry in Novel Prestressed Structures
Authors: Chen Yao , Feng Jian
Published: June 2018

In recent years, group theory has been gradually adopted for computational problems of solid and structural mechanics. This paper reviews the advances made in the application of group theory in areas such as stability, form-finding, natural vibration and bifurcation of novel prestressed structures. As initial prestress plays an important role in prestressed structures, its contribution to structural stiffness has been considered. General group-theoretic approaches for several problems are presented, where certain stiffness matrices and equilibrium matrices are expressed in symmetry-adapted coordinate system and block-diagonalized neatly. Illustrative examples on structural stability analysis, force-finding analysis, and generalized eigenvalue analysis on cable domes and cable-strut structures are drawn from recent studies by the authors. It shows how group theory, through symmetry spaces for irreducible representations and matrix decompositions, enables remarkable simplifications and reductions in the computational effort to be achieved. More importantly, before any numerical computations are performed, group theory allows valuable and effective insights on the behavior or intrinsic properties of a prestressed structure to be gained.
Fusarium Molds and Mycotoxins: Potential Species-Specific Effects
Authors: Bertero Alessia , Moretti Antonio , Spicer Leon J. , Caloni Francesca
Published: June 2018

This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of the main Fusarium mycotoxins, focusing on toxicological aspects in terms of species-specific effects. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have centered on the peculiarity of the responses to mycotoxins, demonstrating that toxicokinetics, bioavailability and the mechanisms of action of these substances vary depending on the species involved, but additional studies are needed to better understand the specific responses. The aim of this review is to summarize the toxicological responses of the main species affected by Fusarium mycotoxins.
Exploring Shyness among Veterinary Medical Students: Implications for Mental and Social Wellness
Authors: Royal Kenneth , Hedgpeth Mari-Wells , Flammer Keven
Published: June 2018

Background: Shyness is defined as “the tendency to feel awkward, worried or tense during social encounters, especially with unfamiliar people.” While shyness is not necessarily a social disorder, extreme cases of shyness may classify as a social phobia and require medical treatment. Extant research has noted shyness may be correlated with social problems that could be detrimental to one’s health, career, and social relationships. This exploratory study examined the prevalence, source, and nature of shyness among incoming Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) program students at one veterinary medical school. Methods: One hundred first-year DVM program students were administered a modified version of the Survey on Shyness. Results: Results indicate most students (85%) self-identified as at least a little shy, a figure that is believed to be significantly higher than national population norms in the United States. Students attributed the primary source of shyness to personal fears and insecurities. Students reported frequent feelings of shyness and generally perceived shyness as an undesirable quality. Students reported that strangers, acquaintances, authority figures, and classmates often make them feel shy. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of self-reported shyness among veterinary medical students, institutions may wish to include strategies to address shyness as part of a comprehensive wellness program.
Development of an Integrated Modelling System for Evaluating Water Quantity and Quality Effects of Individual Wetlands in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Yang Wanhong , Shao Hui , Yu Zhiqiang , Lindsay John
Published: June 2018

A GIS-based fully-distributed model, IMWEBs-Wetland (Integrated Modelling for Watershed Evaluation of BMPs—Wetland), is developed to simulate hydrologic processes of site-specific wetlands in an agricultural watershed. This model, powered by the open-source GIS Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools (GAT) and advanced database technologies, allows users to simulate and assess water quantity and quality effects of individual wetlands at site and watershed scales. A case study of the modelling system is conducted in a subbasin of the Broughton’s Creek Watershed in southern Manitoba of Canada. Modelling results show that the model is capable of simulating wetland processes in a complex watershed with various land management practices. The IMWEBs-Wetland model is unique in simulating the water quantity and quality effects of individual wetlands, which can be used to examine location-specific targeting of wetland retention and restoration at a watershed scale.
Observation of the Dynamics and Horizontal Dispersion in a Shallow Intermittently Closed and Open Lake and Lagoon (ICOLL)
Authors: Suara Kabir , Mardani Neda , Fairweather Helen , McCallum Adrian , Allan Chris , Sidle Roy , Brown Richard
Published: June 2018

Among the 135 or more estuaries on the southeast Australian coastline, 45% are intermittently open. A number of others, which would normally have an intermittently open entrance, are kept permanently open to improve the flushing and water quality that are functions of the horizontal dispersion of the estuarine system. Field studies that investigate the dynamics and horizontal dispersion processes of open and closed states of Intermittenly Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLL) are conducted. Clusters of Lagrangian drifters were used to characterise the surface flow. Horizontal dispersion coefficients (K) under study varied significantly for different tidal phases; the mean ebb tide K (~4.7 ± 3.8 m2 s−1) is an order of magnitude higher than that of the flood tide. During the closed state, K values were up to two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in the open state. These results highlight the contribution of tidal dispersion to transport and mixing processes within an ICOLL. The results showed that tidal pumping effects and tidal-induced horizontal velocity gradients are responsible for the horizontal surface transport and dispersion occurring during the open inlet state. The horizontal surface dispersion processes identified at different inlets and environmental conditions within this site are valuable for managing transport of particles, freshwater mixing, larvae transport, waste, and pest control.
Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission
Authors: Geng Stefan , Meier Andreas , Schulte Thomas
Published: June 2018

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.
SCALINGS AND LIMITS OF LANDAU-DE GENNES MODELS FOR LIQUID CRYSTALS: A COMMENT ON SOME RECENT ANALYTICAL PAPERS
Authors: Gartland Jr. Eugene C.
Published: June 2018

Some recent analytical papers have explored limiting behaviors of Landaude Gennes models for liquid crystals in certain extreme ranges of the model parameters: limits of “vanishing elasticity” (in the language of some of these papers) and “low-temperature limits.” We use simple scaling analysis to show that these limits are properly interpreted as limits in which geometric length scales (such as the size of the domain containing the liquid crystal material) become large compared to intrinsic length scales (such as correlation lengths or coherence lengths, which determine defect core sizes). This represents the natural passage from a mesoscopic model to a macroscopic model and is analogous to a “London limit” in the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity or a “large-body limit” in the Landau-Lifshitz theory of ferromagnetism. Known relevant length scales in these parameter regimes (nematic correlation length, biaxial coherence length) can be seen to emerge via balances in equilibrium Euler-Lagrange equations associated with well-scaled Landau-de Gennes free-energy functionals.
Probing the Southern Fermi Bubble in Ultraviolet Absorption Using Distant AGNs
Authors: Karim Md Tanveer , Fox Andrew J. , Jenkins Edward B. , Bordoloi Rongmon , Wakker Bart P. , Savage Blair D. , Lockman Felix J. , Crawford Steven M. , Jorgenson Regina A. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss
Published: June 2018

The Fermi Bubbles are two giant gamma-ray emitting lobes extending 55° above and below the Galactic center. While the Northern Bubble has been extensively studied in ultraviolet (UV) absorption, little is known about the gas kinematics of the southern Bubble. We use UV absorption-line spectra from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope to probe the southern Fermi Bubble using a sample of 17 background AGNs projected behind or near the Bubble. We measure the incidence of high-velocity clouds (HVC), finding that 4 out of 6 sightlines passing through the Bubble show HVC absorption, versus 6 out of 11 passing outside. We find strong evidence that the maximum absolute LSR velocity of the HVC components decreases as a function of galactic latitude within the Bubble, for both blueshifted and redshifted components, as expected for a decelerating outflow. We explore whether the column density ratios Si iv/Si iii, Si iv/Si ii, and Si iii/Si ii correlate with the absolute galactic latitude within the Bubble. These results demonstrate the use of UV absorption-line spectroscopy to characterize the kinematics and ionization conditions of embedded clouds in the Galactic center outflow.
Physician’s Global Assessment in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Multicenter GRAPPA Study
Authors: Cauli Alberto , Gladman Dafna D. , Mathieu Alessandro , Olivieri Ignazio , Porru Giovanni , Tak Paul P. , Sardu Claudia , Scarpa Raffaele , Marchesoni Antonio , Taylor William J. , Salvarani Carlo , Kalden Joachim , Lubrano Ennio , Carneiro Sueli , Piga Matteo , Floris Alberto , Desiati Francesca , Flynn John A. , D’Angelo Salvatore , van Kuijk Arno W.R. , Catanoso Maria Grazia , Caso Francesco , Contu Paolo , Ujfalussy Ilona , Helliwell Philip S. , Mease Philip J.
Published: June 2018

Objective.

Physician’s global assessment (PGA) of disease activity is a major determinant of therapeutic decision making. This study assesses the reliability of the PGA, measured by means of 0–100 mm visual analog scale (VAS), and the additional use of separate VAS scales for musculoskeletal (PhysMSK) and dermatologic (PhysSk) manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Sixteen centers from 8 countries enrolled 319 consecutive patients with PsA. PGA, PhysMSK, and PhysSk evaluation forms were administered at enrollment (W0) and after 1 week (W1). Detailed clinical data regarding musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations, as well as dermatological assessment, were recorded.

Results.

Comparison of W0 and W1 scores showed no significant variation (intraclass correlation coefficients were PGA 0.87, PhysMSK 0.86, PhysSk 0.78), demonstrating the reliability of the instrument. PGA scores were dependent on PhysMSK and PhysSk (p < 0.0001) with a major effect of the MSK component (B = 0.69) compared to skin (B = 0.32). PhysMSK was correlated with the number of swollen joints, tender joints, and presence of dactylitis (p < 0.0001). PhysSk scores were correlated with the extent of skin psoriasis and by face, buttocks or intergluteal, and feet involvement (p < 0.0001). Finally, physician and patient assessments were compared showing frequent mismatch and a scattered dot plot: PGA versus patient’s global assessment (r = 0.36), PhysMSK versus patient MSK (r = 0.39), and PhysSk versus patient skin (r = 0.49).

Conclusion.

PGA assessed by means of VAS is a reliable tool to assess MSK and dermatological disease activity. PGA may diverge from patient self-evaluation. Because MSK and skin/nail disease activity may diverge, it is suggested that both PhysMSK and PhysSk are assessed.
Feasibility and Reliability of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score in Children
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Lambert Robert G. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Biko David M. , Paschke Joel , Brandon Timothy G. , Xiao Rui , Chauvin Nancy A.
Published: June 2018

Objective.

There is a critical need for measures to evaluate structural progression in the pediatric sacroiliac joint (SIJ). We aimed to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada SIJ Structural Score (SSS) in children with suspected or confirmed juvenile spondyloarthritis.

Methods.

The SSS assesses structural lesions of the SIJ on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through the cartilaginous part of the joint. We conducted 3 sequential reading exercises with 6 readers (1 adult and 3 pediatric radiologists, 1 adult and 1 pediatric rheumatologist). Each exercise was preceded by a calibration module. Interobserver reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Prespecified acceptable reliability thresholds were ICC > 0.5 for erosion, backfill, and sclerosis, and ICC > 0.7 for ankylosis and fat metaplasia.

Results.

The SSS had face validity and was feasible to score in pediatric cases for all 3 reading exercises. Of the cases used in the 3 exercises, 58% were male and the median age was 14 years (range 6.8–18.7 yrs). After calibration, median ICC across all readers for each SSS component were the following: erosion 0.67 (interquartile range 0.54–0.80), backfill 0.33 (0.19–0.52), fat metaplasia 0.74 (0.62–0.85), sclerosis 0.63 (0.48–0.77), and ankylosis 0.44 (0.28–0.62). Prespecified reliability thresholds were achieved in the third exercise for erosion, sclerosis, and fat metaplasia but not for backfill or ankylosis.

Conclusion.

The SSS was feasible to score and had acceptable reliability for pediatric SIJ MRI evaluation. The ICC improved with additional calibration and reading exercises, even for readers with limited experience.
Analyse économique du droit de la faillite : les dix fonctions des procédures collectives
Authors: Blazy Régis , Boughanmi Afef , Chopard Bertrand , Letaief Aziza
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose une analyse économique originale des systèmes de faillite dans vingt pays (européens et non européens). Notre approche isole dix grandes fonctions des procédures collectives : accessibilité de la procédure, flexibilité de la procédure, coûts de faillites, production d'information, protection des actifs, protection des créances, coordination des stakeholders , décision des stakeholders , sanction des dirigeants, orientation en valeur de la liquidation ou de la continuation. Nous montrons que l'opposition des pays entre systèmes debtor-friendly versus creditor-friendly ou selon l'origine du droit des pays ( civil law versus common law ) est trop rudimentaire pour fonder les décisions d'implantation des investisseurs. Chaque système de faillite présente des forces et des faiblesses clairement identifiables, qui varient selon les catégories de stakeholders considérées. Classification JEL : G33, K15, K22.
Universités du monde : le tropisme américain
Authors: Mudry Michel
Published: June 2018

Cet article a pour objet de préciser les raisons de l’influence des grandes universités américaines dans le monde entier, principalement à travers un examen des facteurs d’attractivité auprès des étudiants et des universitaires. À l’occasion de la publication du fameux classement de Shanghai en 2003, il semble que cet idéaltype ait été accepté, en tout cas en France, comme un standard international, alors qu’il est issu du modèle américain. De ce fait, on s’attache d’abord à examiner les conditions historiques de sa formation et le contexte national dans lequel il s’est développé. Ensuite, on distingue quatre facteurs : le campus, l’excellence dans l’ undergraduate education , les effets de concentration dans la graduate education et dans les deux domaines business et engineering . Enfin, on aborde le danger d’une imitation abusive et naïve comme guide de réformes, à l’instar de ce que l’on connaît en France depuis une dizaine d’années.
La francophonie dans un monde universitaire en transformation
Authors: de Gaudemar Jean-Paul
Published: June 2018

Le monde universitaire connaît une transformation profonde. Le nombre d’étudiants dans le monde a doublé en moins de quinze ans, notamment dans le monde francophone. Malgré l’augmentation du nombre d’étudiants, de professeurs et d’universités francophones, en Afrique notamment, de nombreuses inquiétudes subsistent. Les jeunes générations francophones ont de plus en plus tendance à communiquer leurs recherches en utilisant la langue anglaise, du fait de sa plus large diffusion. C’est en cela que l’Agence universitaire de la francophonie (AUF) est importante. Basée à Montréal, elle mène une vraie politique de solidarité entre les universités francophones, afin que la langue française reste une langue universitaire majeure. La pédagogie et la recherche sont les deux axes principaux qui permettent cela. Une autre inquiétude est celle du lien entre les diplômes obtenus et le monde du travail. En effet, dans les pays africains, obtenir un diplôme universitaire peut se révéler handicapant pour trouver un emploi. C’est en fait la place du monde universitaire francophone dans la société qui est en jeu.
Nouvelles ruralités, agroécologie, souveraineté alimentaire : vers des alternatives de développement ? Introduction
Authors: Roudart Laurence
Published: June 2018

Depuis les années 2000, le secteur agricole est redevenu un thème central des débats sur le développement. Selon la pensée dominante, libérale et « modernisatrice », la paysannerie est vouée à disparaître. Mais, depuis les années 1990, des agriculteurs familiaux toujours plus nombreux se revendiquent comme acteurs de trajectoires alternatives de développement agricole et rural, en collaboration avec d’autres acteurs citoyens, parmi lesquels des chercheurs engagés. Ces mouvements n’ont pas encore abouti à un projet politique largement fédérateur. Un défi sera d’articuler des initiatives portées par des communautés locales et de nouvelles politiques publiques visant un développement agricole durable.
Culture et loisirs dans l’agriculture familiale : pratiques de jeunes ruraux sud-brésiliens
Authors: Chauveau Hélène
Published: June 2018

Le rôle des pratiques culturelles et de loisirs dans les dynamiques de migration des jeunes ruraux est négligé. Or il compte, autant pour ceux qui partent à cause des carences et de la permanence d’une certaine culture rurale, que pour ceux qui choisissent de rester ou de revenir. Ceux-là sont parfois motivés par un renouvellement des pratiques qui renforcent leur engagement local. Dans les territoires étudiés, les pratiques culturelles participent aux recompositions en influençant les modes d’habiter. L’analyse des pratiques de ces jeunes permet de comprendre comment chacun se représente et se donne les moyens de se réaliser en tant qu’habitant d’un espace rural. Les individus rencontrés mettent en oeuvre un développement qui prend en compte la dimension culturelle de l’être au monde proposé par l’agriculture familiale dans les Suds.
Content, conduct, and apologies in Tumblr fandom tags
Authors: Neill Hoch Indira
Published: June 2018

The architecture of Tumblr differs substantially from many other social media platforms, such as Facebook, because there are no personal profiles and social connections are not made public. Because Tumblr's architecture lacks formal grouping structures, tags, traditionally thought of as a way of organizing resources, may take on functions otherwise associated with communities even though the affiliation is looser. Content analysis was performed to investigate content and conduct norms in two specialized fandom tags on Tumblr. This research compares the circulation of sexually suggestive material, reproaches, and apology rituals in posts tagged "zoethian" and "sjips." Even though these two tags originate from similar source material (YouTube videos produced under the Yogscast umbrella), different standards of behavior and shared content emerge among participants, which are assessed in light of the increasingly close contact and overlap between media producers and fans in social media spaces. Although the data set is from 2013, and thus describes a slightly different version of Tumblr, it serves as an historical capture of the site and behaviors from that time period.
Roundtable: Tumblr and fandom
Authors: Morimoto Lori
Published: June 2018

Roundtable discussion led by Lori Morimoto with participants Amanda Brennan, Elizabeth Minkel, Keidra Chaney, and Aja Romano.
"Manga in America: Transnational book publishing and the domestication of Japanese comics," by Casey Brienza
Authors: Hemmann Kathryn
Published: June 2018

Review of Casey Brienza, Manga in America: Transnational book publishing and the domestication of Japanese comics. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. Hardback £70 (232p) (ISBN 978-1472595867); paperback £21.99 (232p) (ISBN 978-1472595874); e-book £23.74 (ISBN 978-1472595881).
Découverte d’un cœur-reliquaire à Douai (ancienne église Saint-Jacques, place Carnot) :  approche pluridisciplinaire  de l’embaumement à l’époque moderne
Authors: Devriendt William , Venet Stéphane , Defgnée Ann , Garnier Nicolas , Gillet Benjamin , Hänni Catherine , Rossetti Loretta
Published: June 2018

La découverte, au cours de fouilles archéologiques, d’un cœur embaumé dans un reliquaire du xvie siècle a été l’occasion pour une équipe pluridisciplinaire de travailler sur la composition du baume. L’utilisation de techniques d’investigation très diverses (palynologie, chromatographie, paléogénétique…) a permis d’avancer dans la connaissance des espèces et techniques utilisées pour réaliser cet acte chirurgical et également de réhabiliter tant soit peu l’embaumement médiéval ou moderne.
Sépultures et rites funéraires  médiévaux en Ligurie orientale
Authors: de Vingo Paolo
Published: June 2018

Pour l’élaboration de cet article, fruit d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire sur les sépultures et les coutumes funéraires médiévales et post-médiévales en Ligurie orientale, toutes les données qu’il a été possible de recueillir et de cataloguer ont été examinées afin d’obtenir un cadre de référence fiable illustrant des réalités sociales peu connues ou jamais étudiées. L’examen des sépultures, à savoir celles de Luni, Migliarina, des îles du Tino et du Tinetto, Sarzana, Vezzano Ligure, Brugnato, Soviore et San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte, prévoyait la distinction, pour chaque contexte, des différentes phases d’utilisation des nécropoles. Cette étude a permis d’établir quelles étaient les traditions funéraires médiévales et de vérifier quelles furent, lors du passage aux siècles post-médiévaux, les transformations sociales et culturelles qui caractérisèrent les populations du territoire de la Ligurie orientale.
Misuse of ‘Break-the-Glass' Policies in Hospitals
Authors: Stark Benjamin , Gewald Heiko , Lautenbacher Heinrich , Haase Ulrich , Ruff Siegmar
Published: June 2018

This article describes how the information about an individual's personal health is among ones most sensitive and important intangible belongings. When health information is misused, serious non-revertible damage can be caused, e.g. through making intimidating details public or leaking it to employers, insurances etc. Therefore, health information needs to be treated with the highest degree of confidentiality. In practice it proves difficult to achieve this goal. In a hospital setting medical staff across departments often needs to access patient data without directly obvious reasons, which makes it difficult to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate access. This article provides a mechanism to classify transactions at a large university medical center into plausible and questionable data access using a real-life data set of more than 60,000 transactions. The classification mechanism works with minimal data requirements and unsupervised data sets. The results were evaluated through manual cross-checks internally and by a group of external experts. Consequently, the hospital's data protection officer is now able to focus on analyzing questionable transactions instead of checking random samples.
Rapid Species Identification of Candida Directly from Blood Culture Broths by Sepsityper-Maldi-Tof Mass Spectrometry: Impact on Antifungal Therapy
Authors: Bal AM , McGill M
Published: June 2018

Rapid identification of Candida species facilitates pathogen-directed therapy with either fluconazole or an echinocandin.

Method

We applied Sepsityper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) technology on positive blood culture broths for rapid species identification.

Results

Of the 74 patients with candidaemia, 25 had the species identified on the day of the positive blood culture directly from the broth (rapid identification group) while the remaining 49 had the species identified from culture (conventional identification group). Three (13.6%) out of 22 treated patients in the rapid identification group received echinocandin compared to 20/45 (44.4%) in the conventional identification group. The appropriateness of therapy was 90.9% in the rapid identification group and 62.2% in the conventional identification group (p = 0.01). Cost savings were more than £10,000 in the first three days of treatment.

Conclusion

Sepsityper-MALDI-TOF-MS is a useful tool in supporting antifungal stewardship programmes.
Igg4-Related Pulmonary Disease: The Protean Impersonator?
Authors: Slim D , Gunawardena H , Calvert JM , Daly RS , Plummeridge MJ , Medford AR
Published: June 2018

IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disease, characterised by distinct pathological features. An increasing number of clinical phenotypes are described, from single-organ disease to a multisystem disorder, which can present to a variety of different specialities. Recognition is key; its protean manifestations can mimic other inflammatory diseases, infection and malignancy. Here, we present three cases to highlight the importance of being familiar with this condition in its various forms
An Update on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices for the General Physician
Authors: Peal JE , Matthews IG , Runnett C , Thomas HE , Ripley DP
Published: June 2018

Cardiac electronic device implantation is a common and important intervention for patients with tachy- and bradyarrhythmia. An increasing number of patients are receiving more complex devices such as cardiac resynchronisation therapy or devices with a defibrillation function. Over the last 5 years, two new models of cardiac device have emerged, subcutaneous defibrillators and leadless pacemakers. With an ageing population and data demonstrating 2000 per 100,000 of the population aged over 75 years have a cardiac device, it is essential that the general physician remains updated on the common pacemaker indications and available therapies.
What Might Brexit Mean for British Tourists Travelling to the Rest of Europe?
Authors: McKee D , McKee M
Published: June 2018

Brexit will have profound implications for British tourists visiting the rest of the European Union, in particular because of the likely loss of coverage of healthcare should they be injured or fall ill. This paper compares the cost of travel insurance within the EU and in comparable countries outside it, asking how it varies by age and pre-existing conditions.

Fictitious patients, differing by age, pre-existing condition, and destination (France, an EU Member State; Israel and Canada, two high income non-EU frequent destinations) were entered into an insurance price comparison website to assess the influence of these characteristics on prices quoted.

Cost of travel insurance increases with age, pre-existing health conditions and by destination. In those with no pre-existing conditions, there is a marked difference between France, where the cost rises steadily with age, and Israel and Canada, where there is a sharp increase after age 75. For individuals with any one pre-existing condition, there is no similar jump in cost but rather a progressive increase with age, although the rate of increase accelerates as the individuals concerned get older. For all travellers, the cost of insurance is highest for Canada and lowest for France

At present, pre-existing health conditions in British tourists travelling in the rest of the EU are covered by the European Health Insurance Card. With the UK's probable exit from the EU and almost certain loss of this coverage, travellers in the older age groups may have to pay much more for their travel insurance, with some possibly tempted to forgo travel insurance coverage because of the cost.

It is essential that health professionals understand how leaving the EU may impact on those seeking their advice.
Dynamical response of Mediterranean precipitation to greenhouse gases and aerosols
Authors: Tang Tao , Shindell Drew , Samset Bjørn H. , Boucher Oliviér , Forster Piers M. , Hodnebrog Øivind , Myhre Gunnar , Sillmann Jana , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Andrews Timothy , Faluvegi Gregory , Fläschner Dagmar , Iversen Trond , Kasoar Matthew , Kharin Viatcheslav , Kirkevåg Alf , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Olivié Dirk , Richardson Thomas , Stjern Camilla W. , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases affect cloud properties, radiative
balance and, thus, the hydrological cycle. Observations show that
precipitation has decreased in the Mediterranean since the beginning of the
20th century, and many studies have investigated possible mechanisms. So far,
however, the effects of aerosol forcing on Mediterranean precipitation remain
largely unknown. Here we compare the modeled dynamical response of
Mediterranean precipitation to individual forcing agents in a set of global
climate models (GCMs). Our analyses show that both greenhouse gases and
aerosols can cause drying in the Mediterranean and that precipitation is
more sensitive to black carbon (BC) forcing than to well-mixed greenhouse
gases (WMGHGs) or sulfate aerosol. In addition to local heating, BC appears
to reduce precipitation by causing an enhanced positive sea level pressure (SLP)
pattern similar to the North Atlantic
Oscillation–Arctic Oscillation, characterized by higher SLP at midlatitudes and lower SLP at
high latitudes. WMGHGs cause a similar SLP change, and both are associated
with a northward diversion of the jet stream and storm tracks, reducing
precipitation in the Mediterranean while increasing precipitation in northern
Europe. Though the applied forcings were much larger, if forcings are scaled
to those of the historical period of 1901–2010, roughly one-third (31±17 %) of the precipitation decrease would be attributable to global BC
forcing with the remainder largely attributable to WMGHGs, whereas global
scattering sulfate aerosols would have negligible impacts. Aerosol–cloud
interactions appear to have minimal impacts on Mediterranean precipitation in
these models, at least in part because many simulations did not fully include such
processes; these merit further study. The findings from this study suggest
that future BC and WMGHG emissions may significantly affect regional water
resources, agricultural practices, ecosystems and the economy in the
Mediterranean region.
Simulation of Heterogeneous Photooxidation of SO2 and NOx in the presence of Gobi Desert Dust Particles under Ambient Sunlight
Authors: Yu Zechen , Jang Myoseon
Published: June 2018

Abstract. To improve the simulation of the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 and NOx in the presence of authentic mineral dust particles under ambient environmental conditions, the explicit kinetic mechanism was constructed in Atmospheric Mineral Aerosol Reaction (AMAR) model. The formation of sulfate and nitrate was divided into three phases: gas phase, non-dust aqueous phase and dust phase. Specially, AMAR established the mechanistic role of dust chemical characteristics (e.g., photoactivation, hygroscopicity, and buffering capacity) on heterogeneous chemistry. The photo-activation kinetic process of different dust particles was built into the model by measuring the photodegradation rate constant of an impregnated surrogate (malachite green dye) on a dust filter sample (e.g., Arizona Test dust (ATD) and Gobi Desert dust (GDD)) using an online reflective UV-visible spectrometer. The photoactivation parameters were integrated with the heterogeneous chemistry to predict OH radical formation on dust surfaces. A mathematical equation for the hygroscopicity of dust particles was also included in the AMAR model to process the multiphase partitioning of tracers and in-particle chemistry. The buffering capacity of dust, which is related to the neutralization of dust alkaline carbonates with inorganic acids, was included in the model to dynamically predict the hygroscopicity of aged dust. The AMAR model simulated the formation of sulfate and nitrate using experimental data obtained in the presence of authentic mineral dust under ambient sunlight using a large outdoor smog chamber (UF-APHOR). Overall, both GDD and ATD significantly enhanced the formation of sulfate and nitrate, compared to that in the system without dust particles. However, the influence of GDD on the heterogeneous chemistry was much greater than that of ATD. Based on the model analysis, GDD enhanced the sulfate formation mainly via its high photoactivation capability. In the case of NO2 oxidation, dust-phase nitrate formation is mainly regulated by the buffering capacity of dust. The measured buffering capacity of GDD was two times greater than that of ATD, and consequently, the maximum nitrate concentration with GDD was nearly two times higher than that with ATD. The model also highlights that in urban areas with high NOx concentrations, hygroscopic nitrate salts quickly form via titration of the carbonates in the dust phase, but in the presence of SO2, the nitrate salts are gradually depleted by sulfate.
Rapid mineralization of biogenic volatile organic compounds in temperate and Arctic soils
Authors: Albers Christian Nyrop , Kramshøj Magnus , Rinnan Riikka
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are produced by all
life forms. Their release into the atmosphere is important with regards to a
number of climate-related physical and chemical processes and great effort
has been put into determining sources and sinks of these compounds in recent
years. Soil microbes have been
suggested as a possible sink for BVOCs in the atmosphere; however, experimental evidence for this sink is scarce despite its
potentially high importance to both carbon cycling and atmospheric
concentrations of these gases. We therefore conducted a study with a number
of commonly occurring BVOCs labelled with 14C and modified existing
methods to study the mineralization of these compounds to 14CO2 in four
different topsoils. Five of the six BVOCs were rapidly mineralized by
microbes in all soils. However, great differences were observed with regards
to the speed of mineralization, extent of mineralization and variation between
soil types. Methanol, benzaldehyde, acetophenone and the oxygenated
monoterpene geraniol were mineralized within hours in all soils. The
hydrocarbon monoterpene p-cymene was mineralized rapidly in soil from a
coniferous forest but was mineralized slower in soil from an adjacent beech stand, while
chloroform was mineralized slowly in all soils. From our study it is clear
that soil microbes are able to completely degrade BVOCs released by
above-ground vegetation as well as BVOCs released by soil microbes and plant
roots. In addition to the possible atmospheric implications of this
degradation, the very fast mineralization rates are likely important in
shaping the net BVOC emissions from soil and it is possible that BVOC
formation and degradation may be important but little-recognized parts of
internal carbon cycling in soil.
The GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment archive of water vapour products from satellite observations and reanalyses
Authors: Schröder Marc , Lockhoff Maarit , Fell Frank , Forsythe John , Trent Tim , Bennartz Ralf , Borbas Eva , Bosilovich Michael G. , Castelli Elisa , Hersbach Hans , Kachi Misako , Kobayashi Shinya , Kursinski E. Robert , Loyola Diego , Mears Carl , Preusker Rene , Rossow William B. , Saha Suranjana
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Global Energy and Water cycle Exchanges (GEWEX) Data and Assessments
Panel (GDAP) initiated the GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment (G-VAP), which has
the main objectives to quantify the current state of the art in water vapour
products being constructed for climate applications and to support the
selection process of suitable water vapour products by GDAP for its
production of globally consistent water and energy cycle products. During the
construction of the G-VAP data archive, freely available and mature satellite
and reanalysis data records with a minimum temporal coverage of 10 years were
considered. The archive contains total column water vapour (TCWV) as well as
specific humidity and temperature at four pressure levels (1000, 700, 500,
300 hPa) from 22 different data records. All data records were remapped to a
regular longitude–latitude grid of 2∘ × 2∘. The
archive consists of four different folders: 22 TCWV data records covering the
period 2003–2008, 11 TCWV data records covering the period 1988–2008, as
well as 7 specific humidity and 7 temperature data records covering the
period 1988–2009. The G-VAP data archive is referenced under the following
digital object identifier (doi):
https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/GVAP/V001. Within G-VAP, the
characterization of water vapour products is, among other ways, achieved
through intercomparisons of the considered data records, as a whole and
grouped into three classes of predominant retrieval condition: clear-sky,
cloudy-sky and all-sky. Associated results are shown using the 22 TCWV data
records. The standard deviations among the 22 TCWV data records have been
analysed and exhibit distinct maxima over central Africa and the tropical
warm pool (in absolute terms) as well as over the poles and mountain regions
(in relative terms). The variability in TCWV within each class can be large
and prohibits conclusions about systematic differences in TCWV between the
classes.