bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Black Girls Fight: Interrogating, Interrupting, and (Re)Imagining Dangerous Scripts of Femininity in Urban Classrooms
Authors: Esposito Jennifer , Edwards Erica B.
Published: September 2017

The recent death of Amy Joyner, a promising Wilmington, Delaware, high school sophomore demonstrates very clearly the ways in which Black girls are made vulnerable in urban schools. Joyner, an honor roll student, was jumped by a group of girls in the bathroom just before classes began. The alleged cause of the fight was jealousy over a boy. Black girls are bombarded with popular culture messages defining Black femininity along narrow notions of sex appeal, maintaining romantic relationships, and having the ability to fight. Black girls are neither invited in the process of critically examining their popular representation nor supported in thinking through its impact in their own lives. This aspect of the null curriculum, coupled with Black girls’ persistent criminalization, makes schools risky places for Black girls. They are left to navigate a society which misunderstands their gender performance without the support or opportunities they need to develop authentic definitions of self, all the while being held subject to beliefs, policies, and practices which surveil and contain them. Despite the neoliberal assault urban educators face, this article argues that urban educators have an epistemic responsibility to critically examine the denigration of Black womanhood in society, incorporate critical media literacy lessons as one response, and pedagogically support Black girls in the creation of counternarratives as a matter of ethical import. Without such practices, urban schools remain complicit in the physical and civic deaths of Amy Joyner, the girls who attacked her, and all other Black girls caught in the web of risk many urban schools leave unexamined.
Rationalising Racial Inequality: Ideology, Hegemony and Post-Racialism among the Black and South Asian Middle-Classes
Authors: Meghji Ali , Saini Rima
Published: September 2017

Drawing upon 38 qualitative interviews with Black and South Asian middle-class individuals we theorise post-racialism as a hegemonic ideology. While research tends to focus on how racialised people experience racial inequality, some of our participants rationalised such inequality through a post-racial understanding. This post-racial understanding involves commitments to racial progress and transcendence, the view that racism is no longer a societal issue; race-neutral universalism, the belief that we live in a colourblind meritocracy; and a moral equivalence between anti-racism and anti-racialism, allowing for forms of ‘cultural’ racial prejudice. We examine how these components of post-racialism travel from the political macro-ideological level, to the micro-phenomenological level. Through this analysis we argue that these post-racial rationalisations are not the result of false consciousness, but reflect how post-racialism, as a hegemonic ideology, can manifest itself as common-sense and consistent with particular individuals’ histories of mobility and success.
The Multiple Dimensions of Transfer: Examining the Transfer Function in American Higher Education
Authors: Taylor Jason L. , Jain Dimpal
Published: September 2017

Purpose: This article examines the literature on the transfer function in American higher education, and it reviews three primary dimensions of transfer: (a) the transfer function and pathways, (b) transfer access and experiences, and (c) state transfer policy. Argument: This literature review engages core transfer concepts and we argue that the literature is dominated by the vertical transfer pathway, despite multiple transfer pathways and definitions. The research also suggests that students’ transfer experiences and outcomes are not equal, institutional cultures and policies are not designed to support diverse students, and the inadequate transfer structures and policies need to be reformed to improve transfer outcomes for students of color, low-income students, and first-generation students. Finally, we argue that the nature and distribution of state transfer policies is uneven and the impact of state transfer policies on student outcomes is mixed, so we know little about their efficacy. Conclusion: We conclude the article with a set of priorities for future transfer research that address gaps and limitations of the existing literature.
Manchu Racial Identity on the Qing Frontier: Donjina and Early Twentieth-Century Ili
Authors: Porter David C.
Published: September 2017

This article examines the early Republican writings of a Daur man from Heilongjiang named Donjina who spent the second half of his life among the Sibe of Ili. It argues that Donjina developed a sense of pan-Manchu identity in dialogue with racial theories that came into vogue in late Qing and Republican China, but also drew on an older vision of Manchu identity tied to participation in the Qing imperial project. Donjina’s writings demonstrate the continued significance of the Manchu language on the Qing frontier into the twentieth century and challenge us to move beyond the physical spaces of the garrison communities of China proper in attempting to understand the development of Manchu identity. Donjina embraced the language of race, yet rejected the ideology of nationalism, offering an intriguing Manchu response to the rise of the Han Chinese nationalist movement and the founding of a Chinese nation-state.
Rethinking media responsibility in the refugee ‘crisis’: a visual typology of European news
Authors: Chouliaraki Lilie , Stolic Tijana
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we analyse how news images of the 2015 Syrian refugee ‘crisis’ visualise refugees and how, in so doing, they mobilise various forms of moral responsibility in ‘our’ mediated public life – various practical dispositions of action towards the misfortunes of migrants and refugees at Europe’s border. On the basis of empirical material from European news (June-December 2015), we construct a typology of visibilities of the ‘crisis’, each of which situates refugees within a different regime of visibility and claim to action: i) visibility as biological life, associated with monitorial action; ii) visibility as empathy associated with charitable action; iii) visibility as threat, associated with state security; iv) visibility as hospitality, associated with political activism; and v) visibility as self-reflexivity, associated with a post-humanitarian engagement with people like ‘us’. In conclusion, we argue that, important as these five categories of visibility are in introducing public dispositions to action towards the vulnerable, they nonetheless ultimately fail to humanise migrants and refugees. This failure to portray them as human beings with lives that are worth sharing should compel us, we urge, to radically re-think how we understand the media’s responsibility towards vulnerable others.
Coupling active depth estimation and visual servoing via a large projection operator
Authors: Spica Riccardo , Robuffo Giordano Paolo , Chaumette François
Published: September 2017

The goal of this paper is to propose a coupling between the execution of an image-based visual servoing task and an active structure from motion strategy. The core idea is to modify online the camera trajectory in the null-space of the (main) servoing task for rendering the camera motion ‘more informative’ with respect to the estimation of the 3-D structure. Consequently, the structure from motion convergence rate and accuracy is maximized during the servoing transient. The improved structure from motion performance also benefits the servoing execution, since a higher accuracy in the 3-D parameters involved in the interaction matrix improves the image-based visual servoing convergence by significantly mitigating the negative effects (instability, loss of feature visibility) of a poor knowledge of the scene structure. Active maximization of the structure from motion performance results, in general, in a deformed camera trajectory with respect to what would be obtained with a classical image-based visual servoing: therefore, we also propose an adaptive strategy able to automatically activate/deactivate the structure from motion optimization as a function of the current level of accuracy in the estimated 3-D structure. We finally report a thorough experimental validation of the overall approach under different conditions and case studies. The reported experiments support well the theoretical analysis and clearly show the benefits of the proposed coupling between visual control and active perception.
An fMRI study of the effects on normal language areas when acupuncturing the Tongli (HT5) and Xuanzhong (GB39) acupoints
Authors: Liu Shuyong , Li Min , Tang Weijun , Wang Guangbin , Lv Yinghui
Published: September 2017

Objective

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis of the effects of acupuncturing the Tongli (HT5) and Tongli (HT5)–Xuanzhong (GB39) acupoints on the normal language areas with a view to providing a theoretical basis for using acupuncture to treat patients with aphasia.

Methods

This study enrolled healthy volunteers. The following acupoints were stimulated: right Tongli (HT5), right Tongli (HT5)–Xuanzhong (GB39), right Tongli (HT5) sham acupuncture, left Tongli (HT5), and left Tongli (HT5)–Xuanzhong (GB39) acupoints. Acupuncture stimulation was delivered whilst fMRI scanning of the brain was undertaken.

Results

Ten healthy volunteers (five males) were included in this study (mean age 44.5 ± 2.5 years; range 40–55 years). Based on the statistical analyses, only acupuncturing the right Tongli (HT5) acupoint resulted in activation of multiple regions of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere that were closely related to the language regions. The right Tongli (HT5) stimulation had a laterality index of 0.0952; with the activated voxels on the left side language-related areas being greater than those on the right side.

Conclusions

Acupuncturing the right Tongli (HT5) acupoint results in activation of the bilateral language-related areas, so this acupoint might be useful for the acupuncture treatment of aphasia caused by cerebral infarction.
Servants in the Hetmanate Cities
Authors: Voloshyn Yuriy
Published: September 2017

Despite the advancements in the study of early modern Ukraine during the last decade, social history of the Cossack Hetmanate still remains scarcely explored. In particular, the study of cities in the Cossack’s autonomy and of social groups specific to city areas still remains outside scholarly attention. This article addresses one of these social groups—servants who constituted the largest group in the Hetmanate cities, such as in Poltava city located in Central Ukraine. This article provides an account on sex and age structures, social affiliations, geographical origin, and wage system of this social group in Poltava. The sources comprise of the data from Rumyantsev Register (1765–1769) and confession records (1775).
Walter Benjamin’s radio pedagogy
Authors: Lewis Tyson E
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the unique educational relevancy of Walter Benjamin’s radio broadcasts. While much has been written about Benjamin’s approach to both children’s literature and children’s theatre, his own pedagogical practice as a radio pedagogue remains largely marginalized in these discussions. In order to address this gap in the literature, I focus on the implications of shifting from the largely visual world of children (celebrated in color illustrations) to the auditory world of radio. Through a careful reading of the radio scripts, I argue that a perceptual alteration unique to the sonic medium of radio jumpstarts historical thinking in children. The following pedagogical principles which I extract from the radio broadcasts support and enhance this mode of historical materialist education. In conclusion, the article argues for the ongoing relevancy of Benjamin for thinking through the pedagogical implications of new information technologies within a postmodern era such as podcasts.
The drama of politics
Authors: Binder Werner
Published: September 2017

The concept of social performance is a major theoretical innovation of the strong program in cultural sociology, championed by Jeffrey C. Alexander. This article offers a critical assessment of Alexander’s last four monographs on political performances with the explicit aim of contributing to the future development of the performance approach. After an outline of Alexander’s theory of performance, I continue to discuss his book-length empirical contributions, highlighting the innovations introduced by each study. Confronting Alexander’s research strategies with his theoretical framework, I propose a recalibration of his ‘liberal’ sociology of performance, bringing ‘conservative’ aspects of political culture back in, first of all particularity and historicity. This entails a rethinking of performance effects in terms of ‘resonances’ attuned to particular audiences and a deeper hermeneutic engagement with specific historical backgrounds of collective representations in order to overcome the one-sidedness of Alexander’s constructivist approach.
E-Pain Reporter
Authors: Mayahara Masako , Wilbur JoEllen , O’Mahony Sean , Breitenstein Susan
Published: September 2017

Informal hospice caregivers play a key role in managing patients’ pain at home, but lack of adherence to doctor-prescribed analgesic regimens and medication errors are significant barriers to truly effective pain management. A digital pain diary may improve caregiver management of pain at home; however, most digital pain tools available today were developed without input from patients or caregivers. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to develop a digital pain application (1) for hospice caregivers to record patient pain and analgesic use and (2) for nurses to monitor administration of analgesics by caregivers. Using advisory group methods, nurse case managers (n = 6), and informal caregivers (n = 3) helped us to convert a paper-based pain and analgesic diary into a digital format—the e-PAIN Reporter—and to refine the application. The e-PAIN Reporter provides information on patient pain assessment and pain management and reports to nurses in real time. Further testing is now needed to determine (1) the feasibility of using the e-PAIN Reporter and (2) its effectiveness in improving pain management for hospice patients.
The Gender Safety Gap: Examining the Impact of Victimization History, Perceived Risk, and Personal Control
Authors: Logan TK , Walker Robert
Published: September 2017

Previous research has documented that, in general, women are more concerned about their personal safety and take more safety precautions than men. However, this study looks beyond gender by examining the association of three overall factors including victimization history, perceived risk of future victimization, and personal control with worry about safety, safety responses, and bystander intervention intentions for 270 men and 821 women. There were four main findings from this study including the following: (a) The two most consistently associated factors with worry about safety, safety responses, and bystander intervention intentions were higher perceived risk of violent victimization and safety efficacy; (b) recent victimization, rather than victimization history, played an important role in safety responses particularly for women; (c) different patterns of factors are associated with different safety responses demonstrating the importance of examining a wide variety of safety responses; and (d) the pattern of factors associated with worry about safety and safety responses do differ by gender but also had some important similarities. Implications for future research and prevention as well as safety planning interventions are discussed.
Manufacturing and characterization of poly(lactic acid) composites with hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ferri JM , Jordá J , Montanes N , Fenollar O , Balart R
Published: September 2017

Hydroxyapatite (HA), a naturally occurring calcium orthophosphate, possesses the most similar chemical composition to human bone. In this research work, composite materials were prepared using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a polymer matrix and HA as an osteoconductive filler for potential use in medical applications. Composites with varying HA content comprised in the 10–30 wt% range were obtained by extrusion-compounding followed by injection molding. The effect of the HA loading on overall properties was assessed by mechanical characterization using tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness standard tests. Main thermal transitions of PLA-HA composites were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and degradation/decomposition at high temperatures was followed by thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamical behavior was assessed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and the dimensional stability was studied by thermomechanical analysis (TMA). As per the results, PLA-HA composites with 20–30 wt% HA offer the best-balanced properties with a remarkable increase in the Young’s modulus. The glass transition temperature remained almost constant with slight changes of less than 1°C as measured by both DSC and TMA. TMA also revealed a remarkable decrease in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The overall results confirm the usefulness of these materials from a mechanical point of view for biomedical applications as they are characterized by high stiffness, tensile strength, and dimensional stability.
“Delete Your Account”
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Brown Kayla J. , Wimberly Tiffany
Published: September 2017

While there has been a growth in the number of published studies about how candidates for the U.S. House and Senate use Twitter, candidates for president have been largely ignored. In this article, we examine the way the two 2016 presidential candidates communicated on Twitter. Using a content analysis of all tweets sent from Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump’s accounts from July 1 to Election Day, we explore whether the two candidates used this social network in the same ways, stressed similar policy issues, and were equally likely to “go negative” online.
The Determinants of Charity Misconduct
Authors: McDonnell Diarmuid , Rutherford Alasdair C.
Published: September 2017

Charities in the United Kingdom have been the subject of intense media, political, and public scrutiny in recent times; however, our understanding of the nature, extent, and determinants of charity misconduct is weak. Drawing upon a novel administrative dataset of 25,611 charities for the period 2006-2014 in Scotland, we develop models to predict two dimensions of charity misconduct: regulatory investigation and subsequent action. There have been 2,109 regulatory investigations of 1,566 Scottish charities over the study period, of which 31% resulted in regulatory action being taken. Complaints from members of the public are most likely to trigger an investigation, whereas the most common concerns relate to general governance and misappropriation of assets. Our multivariate analysis reveals a disconnect between the types of charities that are suspected of misconduct and those that are subject to subsequent regulatory action.
Femininities in STEM: Outsiders Within
Authors: O’Connor Pat , O’Hagan Clare , Gray Breda
Published: September 2017

This article describes a typological framework with axes relating to career and (non-work) relationship commitment to show how a specific cohort of women enact femininity(ies) in the context of the institutionalised practices that define science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) as a masculine domain. Based on the accounts of 25 women in such disciplines in an Irish university, four types are identified: careerist femininity; individualised femininity; vocational femininity; and family-oriented femininity. All of these are constituted in relation to the meanings attached to the masculinist STEM career which performatively render women outsiders. The typology moves beyond the career/paid work and work/life dichotomies to encompass both the re-envisioning of career as vocation (Type 3) and the development of a highly individualised lifestyle orientation based on a high commitment to both (Type 2). It points to the variation, complexity and contradictions in how women do femininities in the academic STEM environment.
A contribution for increasing workpiece location accuracy in a 3-2-1 fixture system
Authors: Crichigno Filho Joel Martins , de Medeiros Ricardo , Pereira Cardoso Renan
Published: September 2017

The 3-2-1 fixture design principle is the most used method to locate prismatic workpieces. To further increase location accuracy, the influence of friction and contact stiffness between workpiece and fixture parts should be minimized. This can be achieved by decreasing the structural stiffness of the locators in the tangential direction to the contact. Hence, based on flexure hinges, locators with two different stiffness values are investigated. To analyze the influence of locator stiffness, a special experimental setup is developed to study two locators positioned in the secondary plane of the 3-2-1 fixture. Experiments are carried out to compare the locators with flexure hinges to a rigid one. The displacement and rotation of the workpiece are investigated as a function of the clamping force. The experimental results show that the reduction in the tangential stiffness can improve the position and orientation accuracy of workpieces.
Force-based delay compensation for hardware-in-the-loop simulation divergence of 6-DOF space contact
Authors: Wang Qian , Qi Chenkun , Gao Feng , Zhao Xianchao , Ren Anye , Sun Qiao
Published: September 2017

The contact process of a space docking device needs verification before launching. The verification cannot only rely on the software simulation since the contact dynamic models are not accurate enough yet, especially when the geometric shape of the device is complex. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is a choice to perform the ground test, where the contact dynamic model is replaced by a real device and the real contact occurs. However, the Hardware-in-the-loop simulation suffers from energy increase and instability since time delay is unavoidable. The existing delay compensation methods are mainly focused on a uniaxial or three-dimensional contact. In this paper, a force-based delay compensation method is proposed for the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a six degree-of-freedom space contact. A six degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the spacecraft motion is derived, and a six degree-of-freedom delay compensation method is proposed. The delay is divided into track delay and measurement delay, which are compensated individually. Experiment results show that the proposed delay compensation method is effective for the six degree-of-freedom space contact.
Behaviour versus performance: The veiled commitment of experimental psychology
Authors: Gozli Davood G.
Published: September 2017

The use and teaching of experimentation in psychology ought to accompany a discussion of what is within and what is beyond the reach of the method. I address this question by outlining the necessary restrictions that are prerequisite for conducting an experiment. The restrictions include establishing a fixed goal, the fulfillment of which represents successful participation in the experiment, a finite set of possible expressions for satisfying the goal, and a fixed assignment between each possible expression and how it should be performed. These restrictions entail rules that determine what counts as good participation (evaluation), and rules that determine whether a behaviour counts as participation at all (inclusion). Participants’ conformity to the rules makes experimentation possible and, more importantly, maintains the experimenter’s attention on features of performance. This selective attention, in turn, neglects participants’ capacities for adopting and violating rules, and possible alterations in their goals and interpretations. While these capacities fall beyond the scope of experimental psychology, their recognition is necessary for encountering what is not already understood at the start of a research project.
Building social capital: Polish football supporters through the lens of James Coleman’s conception
Authors: Grodecki Mateusz
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the presented study is to understand and describe the mechanisms for generating social capital in the groups of devoted football supporters in Poland, by: (a) exploring those features of football supporters’ social structures that are essential for creating social capital and enabling them to maintain it within those groups; and (b) trying to identify the historical processes which foster emergence of these features in supporters’ social structures. The presented analysis is part of a wider research project on Polish football supporters’ social capital. It draws on a qualitative approach based on the triangulation of a variety of methods: on-going ethnography, participant observation, individual interviews and content analysis (internet forums, book biographies, magazines, zines and qualitative research materials from previous research). Drawing on Coleman’s concept, this study identifies the presence of specific forms of social capital ( appropriate social organization, obligations and expectations, norms and effective sanctions and information channels) and internal factors ( ideology, closure and stability) facilitating maintenance of this ‘source’ in the structures of devoted supporters’ groups in Poland. The results show also that social capital is created on the stands and then transferred to the other areas of social life. Furthermore, the social capital used in areas other than where it was first created can strengthen efficiency and trust in the original organization. Further, external factors like the co-production process and ‘war’ with the state are considered as variables fostering the emergence of social capital in the analysed structures. However, these same external factors also made those structures very exclusive.
Expanding collaborative care: integrating the role of dietitians and nutrition interventions in services for people with mental illness
Authors: Teasdale Scott B , Latimer Geogina , Byron Annette , Schuldt Vanessa , Pizzinga Josephine , Plain Janice , Buttenshaw Kerryn , Forsyth Adrienne , Parker Elizabeth , Soh Nerissa
Published: September 2017

Objective:

This article aims to draw mental health clinicians’ attention to the connections between nutrition and mental health, and the roles that Accredited Practising Dietitians play in improving mental and physical health through dietary change.

Methods:

Selective narrative review.

Results:

Unhealthy dietary practices are common in high prevalence and severe mental illness. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that nutrients and dietary patterns impact on mental health. In addition, poor physical health is well documented in people with mental illness and the greatest contributor to the mortality gap. Dietary intervention studies demonstrate improved mental and physical health outcomes. Accredited Practising Dietitians translate nutrition science into practical advice to improve the nutritional status of patients with mental illness, and prevent and manage comorbidities in a variety of care settings.

Conclusions:

Medical Nutrition Therapy offers opportunities to improve the physical and mental health of people living with mental illness.
Hope, recovery and symptoms: the importance of hope for people living with severe mental illness
Authors: Hayes Laura , Herrman Helen , Castle David , Harvey Carol
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

Hope is an important part of recovery from severe mental illness. Our aim was to assess hope and its correlation with symptoms in people living with severe mental illness.

Methods:

We used validated questionnaires to assess hope, social isolation, quality of life and symptoms among 60 people living with severe mental illness.

Results:

Hope scores were significantly lower than those reported for many community groups. There was a negative association between psychiatric symptoms and levels of hope.

Conclusions:

Some people living with enduring severe mental illness in the Australian community feel hopeless. Being hopeful and initiating recovery are evidently difficult when symptoms remain severe. Appropriate acknowledgement and support for patients and their families is required.
Use of two commercial caprine arthritis-encephalitis immunoenzymatic assays for screening of arthritic goats
Authors: Czopowicz Michał , Szaluś-Jordanow Olga , Moroz Agata , Mickiewicz Marcin , Witkowski Lucjan , Markowska-Daniel Iwona , Bagnicka Emilia , Kaba Jarosław
Published: September 2017

Roughly one-fourth of goats infected with small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) develop caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE). We compared the profile of antibody response to surface glycoprotein (SU), and combined transmembrane glycoprotein and capsid protein (TM/CA) in SRLV-infected arthritic and asymptomatic goats, and determined the ability of 2 commercial ELISAs to distinguish between arthritic and asymptomatic goats. We used sera from 312 SRLV-seropositive dairy goats in a whole-virus ELISA; 222 were collected from arthritic goats and 90 from apparently healthy goats. Sera were screened with a competitive inhibition ELISA based on SU antigen (SU-ELISA) and an indirect ELISA based on TM and CA antigens (TM/CA-ELISA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were prepared for both ELISAs, and areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were compared. The proportion of goats with antibody response stronger to SU antigen than to TM/CA antigen was significantly higher among arthritic than asymptomatic goats (58.1% vs. 28.9%; p < 0.001). Antibody response to SU antigen was a good predictor of the arthritic form of CAE: AUC for SU-ELISA was 89.7% (95% CI: 85.2%, 94.2%), compared to 59.3% (95% CI: 51.9%, 66.8%) for TM/CA-ELISA ( p < 0.001). With the cutoff set at percentage of inhibition of 56%, SU-ELISA had sensitivity of 86.9% (95% CI: 81.9%, 90.7%) and specificity of 84.4% (95% CI: 75.6%, 90.5%) in discriminating between arthritic and asymptomatic goats.
Theories and Models of Teams and Groups
Authors: Reiter-Palmon Roni , Sinha Tanmay , Gevers Josette , Odobez Jean-Marc , Volpe Gualtiero
Published: September 2017

This article describes some of the theoretical approaches used by social scientists as well as those used by computer scientists to study the team and group phenomena. The purpose of this article is to identify ways in which these different fields can share and develop theoretical models and theoretical approaches, in an effort to gain a better understanding and further develop team and group research.
Leadership: Convergence and Divergence in Leadership Relations
Authors: Alvesson Mats
Published: September 2017

The article argues for theorizing and studying the significance of how so-called leaders and followers converge or diverge in their views and understandings of the leadership/followership relations they may be part of. Divergence or misfits may be common yet missed by the researcher who takes only one party’s view of leadership into account and/or assumes that people involved define the relationship in a similar way. The article identifies and illustrates four typical forms of shared/diverse meanings regarding leadership: high-alignment leadership (shared meanings), value misfit (diverse assessment), construction misfit (different views of what goes on), and multiple breakdowns (high level of confusion of what goes on and how to assess it). Given variations in views of leadership, this article makes a case for considering “divergent relationalities”—in some opposition to common ideas about “smooth” leadership/followership relations based on convergent meanings.
Are They True to the Cause? Beliefs About Organizational and Unit Commitment to Sexual Harassment Awareness Training
Authors: Cheung Ho Kwan , Goldberg Caren B. , King Eden B. , Magley Vicki J.
Published: September 2017

Sexual harassment awareness training is crucial for both legal defensibility purposes and for creating a psychologically safe environment for employees. Using a pretest/posttest design in an organizational setting, this study examined the simple and interactive effects of two individual perceptions toward the training context—cynicism toward organizational harassment change and perceived unit ethical climate—on posttraining knowledge and myth-based attitudes regarding sexual harassment. With the exception of a marginally significant effect of cynicism on posttraining knowledge, the outcomes were largely unaffected by either of the predictors, individually. However, cynicism toward organizational harassment change and perceived unit ethical climate interacted to predict both outcomes, such that training outcomes particularly suffer when individuals are cynical toward organizational change and perceive the work group as unethical. This underscores the importance of consideration of both organizational and work group levels of context simultaneously, in evaluating effectiveness, as well as the need for the organization to communicate a congruent harassment-free workplace message at both the unit and organizational levels. In addition, we examined the mediating role of motivation to learn on these relationships but found no evidence of indirect effects. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Modelling and collaboration across organizations: Issues and a solution
Authors: Pasquinelli Mauro , Basso Valter , Rocci Lorenzo , Cencetti Michele , Vizzi Carlo , Chiadò Stefano T
Published: September 2017

This article describes the results of the space cluster of the Use-it-wisely project, which is investigating new business models implementing continuous product-service adaptation through a sequence of small innovative steps in six key industry sectors (clusters): energy, machinery, space, office workspace, vehicles manufacturing and shipbuilding. Six independent cluster developments and a common platform compose the main output. The space cluster (composed by TAS-I, ALTEC and Vastalla) researches a quick response through the use of model-based and simulation-based processes enabled by distributed environments across different organizations. TAS-I and ALTEC study the use of a web-based environment, a model-based tool and virtual reality and its interfaces with potential customers, using an internal project as reference case, including space and ground segments. Vastalla studies and develops the infrastructure able to connect different environments in different networks, including a customer front-end. This article shows the identified issues on collaboration with model-based approaches and the expected benefits.
Haecceity: Laying Out a Plane for Post Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: St.Pierre Elizabeth Adams
Published: September 2017

This article traces 25 years of scholarship that used the concept haecceity to slowly deconstruct or deterritorialize conventional qualitative methodology and think post qualitative inquiry, which might help lay out a plane of inquiry that will enable new concepts and practices such as using concepts instead of methods to inquire.
The New Kidney Donor Allocation System and Implications for Anesthesiologists
Authors: Sridhar Srikanth , Guzman-Reyes Sara , Gumbert Sam D. , Ghebremichael Semhar J. , Edwards Angelina R. , Hobeika Mark J. , Dar Wasim A. , Pivalizza Evan G.
Published: September 2017

Given potential disparity and limited allocation of deceased donor kidneys for transplantation, a new federal kidney allocation system was implemented in 2014. Donor organ function and estimated recipient survival in this system has implications for perioperative management of kidney transplant recipients. Early analysis suggests that many of the anticipated goals are being attained. For anesthesiologists, implications of increased dialysis duration and burdens of end-stage renal disease include increased cardiopulmonary disease, challenging fluid, hemodynamic management, and central vein access. With no recent evidence to guide anesthesia care within this new system, we describe the kidney allocation system, summarize initial data, and briefly review organ systems of interest to anesthesiologists. As additional invasive and echocardiographic monitoring may be indicated, one consideration may be development of a dedicated anesthesiology team experienced in management and monitoring of complex patients, in a similar manner as has been done for liver transplant recipients.
Voices and Views of Congolese Refugee Women: A Qualitative Exploration to Inform Health Promotion and Reduce Inequities
Authors: McMorrow Shannon , Saksena Jyotika
Published: September 2017

Refugees have recently been thrust into the spotlight worldwide. The strikingly negative rhetoric currently surrounding refugees calls for increased action from public health educators. In 2016, the largest proportion of refugees to the United States came from the Democratic Republic of Congo. This presents the opportunity to explore health needs as Congolese refugees resettle in the United States, with women taking priority due to health disparities linked to gender-based discrimination, trauma, sexual and gender-based violence, lower literacy rates, and less access to learning English. Insight into experiences of Congolese women in the United States is critical for the proactive development of socioculturally relevant health promotion rather than reaction interventions once health inequities are exacerbated. Therefore, to better understand perceptions and experiences of Congolese women in Indianapolis related to health and health care, a community-based participatory research study with an anthropological approach was conducted in collaboration with a refugee resettlement agency utilizing photovoice and semistructured interviews. Sixteen women participated in six photovoice sessions and home-based interviews. Selected photos, photo stories, and interview transcripts were analyzed using ethnographic content analysis. Major themes were health care system issues, social support, and daily experiences of health. Findings provide needed insight into the sociocultural context of health for Congolese refugees in the United States for both health educators and resettlement agencies. Findings also revealed specific priority areas for culturally tailoring health education and assets on which to build when promoting health for this population. Additionally, lessons were learned about the power of an anthropological, community-based participatory research approach to qualitative research for promoting health equity.
Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of a Core Competencies Measure for Malaysian Youth Workers
Authors: Muhammad Mahazan , Krauss Steven Eric , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Meng Lee Kwan , Hamzah Azimi , Samah Bahaman Abu , Tamam Ezhar
Published: September 2017

Core competencies in youth work refer to demonstrated capacities of quality performance that allow youth development workers to be resources for the young people, organizations and communities with whom they work. While a number of practice frameworks based on core competencies have been developed, few validated assessment measures exist to help identify professional development needs for youth workers. This article describes the adaptation and psychometric validation of a core competency assessment tool for youth work practitioners in Malaysia. A quantitative study was undertaken to validate an adapted core competency measure with a sample of 300 Malaysian youth workers. Psychometric validation included both internal consistency and construct, convergent and discriminant validity tests. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded 12 core competency sub-scales. Adequate internal consistency was achieved for each subscale along with the full measure. The findings support the validity and reliability of the core competency measure. Recommendations for application and further research are discussed.
Prevalence, Circumstances, and Management of Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Hospitals in Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: Ssemugabo Charles , Halage Abdullah Ali , Neebye Ruth Mubeezi , Nabankema Victoria , Kasule Massy Moses , Ssekimpi Deogratius , Jørs Erik
Published: September 2017

This study was aimed at assessing prevalence, circumstance, and management of acute pesticide poisoning in hospitals in Kampala. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study that involved reviewing of 739 poisoning patient records from 5 hospitals in Kampala. Of the 739 patients, 212 were due to pesticide poisoning resulting in a prevalence of 28.8%. About 91.4% (191/210) of the cases were due to organophosphate poisoning, 63.3% (133/210) were intentional, and 98.1% (206/210) were exposed through ingestion. Diagnosis was majorly based on poisoning history 91.2% (187/205), and clinical features such as airways, breathing, and circulation examination 48.0% (95/198); nausea and vomiting 42.9% (91/212); muscle weakness 29.7% (63/212); excessive salivation 23.1% (49/212); and confusion 20.3% (43/212). More than half of the patients admitted were treated using atropine 52.3% (113/212). The prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning was high with most managed based on physical and clinical examination.
Differences in praxis performance and receptive language during fingerspelling between deaf children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bhat Anjana N , Srinivasan Sudha M , Woxholdt Colleen , Shield Aaron
Published: September 2017

Children with autism spectrum disorder present with a variety of social communication deficits such as atypicalities in social gaze and verbal and non-verbal communication delays as well as perceptuo-motor deficits like motor incoordination and dyspraxia. In this study, we had the unique opportunity to study praxis performance in deaf children with and without autism spectrum disorder in a fingerspelling context using American Sign Language. A total of 11 deaf children with autism spectrum disorder and 11 typically developing deaf children aged between 5 and 14 years completed a fingerspelling task. Children were asked to fingerspell 15 different words shown on an iPad. We coded various praxis errors and fingerspelling time. The deaf children with autism spectrum disorder had greater errors in pace, sequence precision, accuracy, and body part use and also took longer to fingerspell each word. Additionally, the deaf children with autism spectrum disorder had poor receptive language skills and this strongly correlated with their praxis performance and autism severity. These findings extend the evidence for dyspraxia in hearing children with autism spectrum disorder to deaf children with autism spectrum disorder. Poor sign language production in children with autism spectrum disorder may contribute to their poor gestural learning/comprehension and vice versa. Our findings have therapeutic implications for children with autism spectrum disorder when teaching sign language.
The Autism Parent Screen for Infants: Predicting risk of autism spectrum disorder based on parent-reported behavior observed at 6–24 months of age
Authors: Sacrey Lori-Ann R , Bryson Susan , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica , Smith Isabel M , Roberts Wendy , Szatmari Peter , Vaillancourt Tracy , Roncadin Caroline , Garon Nancy
Published: September 2017

This study examined whether a novel parent-report questionnaire, the Autism Parent Screen for Infants, could differentiate infants subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder from a high-risk cohort (siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (n = 66)) from high-risk and low-risk comparison infants (no family history of autism spectrum disorder) who did not develop autism spectrum disorder (n = 138 and 79, respectively). Participants were assessed prospectively at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age. At 36 months, a blind independent diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder was completed. Parent report on the Autism Parent Screen for Infants was examined in relation to diagnostic outcome and risk status (i.e. high-risk sibling with autism spectrum disorder, high-risk sibling without autism spectrum disorder, and low-risk control). The results indicated that from 6 months of age, total score on the Autism Parent Screen for Infants differentiated between the siblings with autism spectrum disorder and the other two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive validity of the Autism Parent Screen for Infants highlight its potential for the early screening of autism spectrum disorder in high-risk cohorts.
Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading
Authors: Williams David M , Bergström Zara , Grainger Catherine
Published: September 2017

Among neurotypical adults, errors made with high confidence (i.e. errors a person strongly believed they would not make) are corrected more reliably than errors made with low confidence. This ‘hypercorrection effect’ is thought to result from enhanced attention to information that reflects a ‘metacognitive mismatch’ between one’s beliefs and reality. In Experiment 1, we employed a standard measure of this effect. Participants answered general knowledge questions and provided confidence judgements about how likely each answer was to be correct, after which feedback was given. Finally, participants were retested on all questions answered incorrectly during the initial phase. Mindreading ability and autism spectrum disorder–like traits were measured. We found that a representative sample of ( n = 83) neurotypical participants made accurate confidence judgements (reflecting good metacognition) and showed the hypercorrection effect. Mindreading ability was associated with autism spectrum disorder–like traits and metacognition. However, the hypercorrection effect was non-significantly associated with mindreading or autism spectrum disorder–like traits. In Experiment 2, 11 children with autism spectrum disorder and 11 matched comparison participants completed the hypercorrection task. Although autism spectrum disorder children showed significantly diminished metacognitive ability, they showed an undiminished hypercorrection effect. The evidence in favour of an undiminished hypercorrection effect (null result) was moderate, according to Bayesian analysis (Bayes factor = 0.21).
General practice encounters for young patients with autism spectrum disorder in Australia
Authors: Foley Kitty-Rose , Pollack Allan J , Britt Helena C , Lennox Nicholas G , Trollor Julian N
Published: September 2017

This study compared the patient demographics and reasons for encounter in general practice for patients <25 years with and without an autism spectrum disorder identified as a reason for encounter and/or problem managed. The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme collected information about clinical activities in Australian general practice. Each year, the programme recruited a random sample of 1000 general practitioners, each of whom collected data for 100 consecutive consultations (encounters). Encounters with patients <25 years, where at least one autism spectrum disorder was recorded as a reason for encounter and/or a problem managed (n = 579), were compared with all other encounters (n = 281,473) from April 2000 to March 2014 inclusive. Data were age–sex standardised. Patients at autism spectrum disorder encounters (compared to non-autism spectrum disorder encounters) were more likely to be younger and male. There was a dramatic rise in the number of general practitioner consultations at autism spectrum disorder encounters from 2000 to 2013. More reasons for encounter were recorded at autism spectrum disorder encounters than at non-autism spectrum disorder encounters (156.4 (95% confidence interval: 144.0–168.8) and 140.5 (95% confidence interval: 140.0–141.0), respectively). At autism spectrum disorder (vs non-autism spectrum disorder) encounters, there were more psychological, general and unspecified, and social reasons for encounter and fewer preventive and acute health reasons for encounter. People with an autism spectrum disorder have complex health care needs that require a skilled general practice workforce.