bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silk Sericin is a Potent, Multifunctional Biomaterial for Endothelialization of Tissue‐Engineered Heart Valves
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Huifang , Hu Chuting , Liu Jia , Qiao Weihua , Huang Lei , Dong Nianguo , Wang Lin
Published: April 2024

Endothelialization is important for offering an anticoagulant surface, which is crucial for the construction of tissue‐engineered heart valves. Silk sericin is extensively investigated in the biomedical field due to its remarkable biological activities and diverse functional groups, favoring chemical modifications for the formation of versatile constructs. Herein, a sericin covalently modified valve (SCMV) is successfully fabricated by coupling maleylated silk sericin (MSS) with thiolated decellularized heart valve (DHV) through a Michael addition reaction. The results demonstrate that SCMV exhibits a smooth surface, higher hydrophilicity, and excellent resistance to platelets adhesion compared to DHV. Additionally, SCMV promotes endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion under both static and flow conditions and enhances their survival in a mouse subcutaneous implant model. The study also discovered that MSS‐stimulated ECs exhibit increased RhoA activation, expression of rho‐associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), actin polymerization, and cell adhesion; whereas actin organization and cell adhesion are significantly reduced by treatment with Y‐27632, a ROCK inhibitor. Furthermore, several integrin subunits, including α1, α2, α3, α5, α6, β1, β3, and β5, are involved in this regulatory process. Collectively, the findings highlight the potential application of silk sericin in promoting endothelialization of DHV while uncovering novel mechanisms underlying its regulatory effect on ECs adhesion.
Niobium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate‐Loaded PVDF‐HFP Flexible Composite Films for Self‐Powered Stair Sensing and Emergency Alert Applications via Hybrid Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Authors: Manchi Punnarao , Paranjape Mandar Vasant , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Kurakula Anand , Lee Jun Kyu , Kavarthapu Venkata Siva , Yu Jae Su
Published: April 2024

With the rise of demand for smart wearable and flexible electronic devices in the modern world, high‐performance hybrid mechanical energy harvesters (HMEHs), which can easily convert biomechanical energy into electricity for powering a variety of portable electronic gadgets and operating smart sensors, have gained extensive interest. Herein, propose piezo/ferroelectric and dielectric niobium (Nb)‐doped bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3‐xNbxO12, NBTO) plates, are proposed and synthesized by a molten‐salt synthesis technique, and they are further embedded into the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (NBTO/PVDF‐HFP) flexible composite film (CF) to construct a flexible HMEH. The prepared NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CFs reveal good piezo/ferroelectricity, β‐phase fraction, and dielectric properties, which can improve the electrical output performance of the HMEH. The 2 wt.% NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CF‐based HMEH exhibits high and stable electrical performance of ≈175 V, ≈5.8 µA, ≈76 µC m−2, and ≈2.02 W m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the durability and mechanical robustness analysis of the HMEH is conducted for several days. The real‐time applications of the HMEH are demonstrated by harvesting the biomechanical energy obtained from daily human activities and powering various portable electronics. Also, the HMEH integrated with an Arduino microcontroller unit is employed as a smart sensor switch for implementing smart home/building stair‐sensing applications and sending emergency e‐mail alerts.
Reconstructing Inorganic‐Rich Interphases by Nonflammable Electrolytes for High‐Voltage and Low‐Temperature LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes
Authors: Fan Xin‐Yu , Liu Mengting , Chen Tian‐Lin , Hao Wenyu , Cao Zhigang , Jiang Nan , Liu Qiang , Feng Yi‐Hu , Qin Hao , Chen Si‐Fan , Liu Sufu , Ji Xiao , Xiao Yao , Chou Shulei , Wang Peng‐Fei
Published: April 2024

Cobalt‐free and spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathodes commonly suffer from undesirable solvent decomposition, serious transition‐metal dissolution, and unstable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers, incurring rapid capacity decay at high voltages and low temperatures. Herein, these issues are well addressed by utilizing fluorinated solvents with a low coordination number and ethyl propionate with a low melting point. A Li2CO3/LiF‐rich heterostructured CEI layer, which possesses good electron blocking capability of LiF, fast Li+ transport kinetics of Li2CO3 and good mechanical stability, is generated by the synergistic decomposition of hybrid solvents. The robust, homogeneous, and well‐balanced CEI layers subsequently prevent catalyzed parasitic side reactions, prohibit transition‐metal dissolution, and ensure fast interfacial reaction kinetics crossover to the LNMO cathode, thus improving its cycling stability. Consequently, the LNMO cathode delivers a high‐capacity retention of 95.8% over 500 cycles at 25 °C and 97.5% after 180 cycles at −20 °C. This work provides an encouraging alternative to design the high‐voltage and low‐temperature electrolyte for pushing the ongoing research to stabilize Co‐free LNMO materials toward practical applications.
Fractal Growth of 2D NbSe2 for Broadband Nonlinear Optical Limiting
Authors: Wang Bolong , Ma Bo , Wang Ke , Zhang Huijie , Zhang Zeqi , Song Tao , Wang Shuyan , Chen Mingzhu , Li Shiji , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao‐Li
Published: April 2024

The compelling demand for laser protection both for civil and defense use calls for new‐generation nonlinear optical materials. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques provide extra tricks to modulate crystal optical nonlinearity through fractal growth. The synthesized 2D NbSe2 and its fractal structures exhibit giant, broadband laser attenuation behaviors extending into the near Infrared (NIR) range. Particularly, the optical limiting performance generally correlates with the fractal dimension, where Fractal NbSe2 demonstrates enhanced third‐order optical nonlinearity at a huge nonlinear absorption coefficient of 9.7 × 10−4 m W−1 and an ultralow starting threshold of 5 mJ cm−2 at 532 nm. Various techniques include femtosecond spectroscopy, Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and Kelvin probe force microscopy disclose the origin of the strong nonlinearity of the 2D NbSe2 crystals, and suggest the formation of edge states and overall faster carrier dynamics, larger surface contact potential difference NbSe2 fractals contribute to their even augmented nonlinear responses. Fractal engineering thus opens new avenues to fabricate highly efficient laser protection materials, and the blocking of intense beam (a large attenuation factor over 13.3 dB at 532 nm) while allowing transmission of weak one (a high linear optical transmittance over 80%) fulfills the much desired “smart” defense.
TSG6‐Exo@CS/GP Attenuates Endometrium Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Activation in a Murine IUA Model
Authors: Sun Huijun , Dong Jie , Fu Zhaoyue , Lu Xueyan , Chen Xutao , Lei Hui , Xiao Xifeng , Chen Shuqiang , Lu Jie , Su Danjie , Xiong Yujing , Fang Zheng , Mao Jiaqin , Chen Lihua , Wang Xiaohong
Published: April 2024

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is characterized by the formation of fibrous scar tissue within the uterine cavity, which significantly impacts female reproductive health and even leads to infertility. Unfortunately, severe cases of IUA currently lack effective treatments. This study presents a novel approach that utilizes tumor necrosis factor‐(TNF) stimulated gene 6 (TSG6)‐modified exosomes (Exos) in conjunction with an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel (CS/GP) to mitigate the occurrence of IUA by reducing endometrium fibrosis in a mouse IUA model. This study demonstrate that TSG6‐modified Exos effectively inhibits the activation of inflammatory M1‐like macrophages during the initial stages of inflammation and maintains the balance of macrophage phenotypes (M1/M2) during the repair phase. Moreover, TSG6 inhibits the interaction between macrophages and endometrial stromal fibroblasts, thereby preventing the activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Furthermore, this research indicates that CS/GP facilitates the sustained release of TSG6‐modified Exos, leading to a significant reduction in both the manifestations of IUA and the extent of endometrium fibrosis. Collectively, through the successful construction of CS/GP loaded with TSG6‐modified Exos, a reduction in the occurrence and progression of IUA is achieved by mitigating endometrium fibrosis. Consequently, this approach holds promise for the treatment of IUA.
Overshoot‐Suppressed Memristor Crossbar Array with High Yield by AlOx Oxidation for Neuromorphic System
Authors: Kim Sungjoon , Park Kyungchul , Hong Kyungho , Kim Tae‐Hyeon , Park Jinwoo , Youn Sangwook , Kim Hyungjin , Choi Woo Young
Published: April 2024

There is a need to design a hardware synapse array appropriate for enhancing the efficiency of neuromorphic computing systems while minimizing energy consumption. This study introduces a memristor device with an AlOx overshoot suppression layer (A‐OSL) to achieve a self‐compliance effect. By optimizing each cell within the 16 × 16 crossbar array, synaptic devices are successfully fabricated with reliable characteristics and 3‐bit multilevel capabilities. In addition, the oxygen composition of TiOx and the annealing conditions are optimized to reduce the forming voltage and minimize the variation in the switching voltage. As a result, stable forming‐free characteristics are obtained through A‐OSL insertion, a reduction in forming voltage, and TiOx oxygen composition optimization. Also, target weights are accurately transferred to the A‐OSL memristor crossbar array and conducted the inference process by applying spike signals to the array following the designated time step. The spiking neural network (SNN) is demonstrated by measuring vector‐matrix multiplication (VMM) of the 16 × 16 crossbar array. The VMM results exhibit a classification accuracy of 90.80% for the MNIST dataset, which is close to the accuracy achieved by software‐based approaches, amounting to 91.85%.
Biomechanical Finite Element Simulation of Cochlear Implant Surgical Robot Drilling Through Direct Cochlear Access
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhao Yang , Liu Hengjia , Xue Songbo , Qin Xiao , Tian Xu , Yu Hongjian , Feng Guodong , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

Robotic drilling through direct cochlear access for cochlear implantation (CI) is currently a prominent area in the field of CI surgery. However, the safety of drilling remains an issue due to the limited space within the facial recess. Estimation and control of drilling force are critical to prevent drill‐bit breakthrough, excessive heat generation, and mechanical damage to the facial nerve. The bone drilling process presents a favorable application scenario for finite element (FE) analysis. In this study, a 3D FE model of temporal bone drilling is established for the first time to predict the drilling force. The self‐developed CI surgical robot validates these findings through experimental drilling. The experimental results show that the drilling process can be divided into three stages, and the corresponding force curve can be divided into six zones. The overall trend of temporal bone drilling is two force peaks and one trough in the middle. The drilling force is positively correlated with the feed rate. The FE results found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical simulation can be utilized as an invaluable tool for assisting in predicting the position of drilling tools and optimizing drilling parameters in the future.
Mgp High‐Expressing MSCs Orchestrate the Osteoimmune Microenvironment of Collagen/Nanohydroxyapatite‐Mediated Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wan Zhuqing , Bai Xiaoqiang , Wang Xin , Guo Xiaodong , Wang Xu , Zhai Mo , Fu Yang , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xiao , Yang Ruili , Liu Yan , Lv Longwei , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: April 2024

Activating autologous stem cells after the implantation of biomaterials is an important process to initiate bone regeneration. Although several studies have demonstrated the mechanism of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration, a comprehensive single‐cell level transcriptomic map revealing the influence of biomaterials on regulating the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is still lacking. Herein, the osteoimmune microenvironment is depicted around the classical collagen/nanohydroxyapatite‐based bone repair materials via combining analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. A group of functional MSCs with high expression of matrix Gla protein (Mgp) is identified, which may serve as a pioneer subpopulation involved in bone repair. Remarkably, these Mgp high‐expressing MSCs (MgphiMSCs) exhibit efficient osteogenic differentiation potential and orchestrate the osteoimmune microenvironment around implanted biomaterials, rewiring the polarization and osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages through the Mdk/Lrp1 ligand–receptor pair. The inhibition of Mdk/Lrp1 activates the pro‐inflammatory programs of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, multiple immune‐cell subsets also exhibit close crosstalk between MgphiMSCs via the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway. These cellular profiles and interactions characterized in this study can broaden the understanding of the functional MSC subpopulations at the early stage of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration and provide the basis for materials‐designed strategies that target osteoimmune modulation.
High‐Efficiency Iridium‐Yttrium Alloy Catalyst for Acidic Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xiong Xiaoxia , Tang Jialin , Ji Yuan , Xue Weiqing , Wang Haoyuan , Liu Chunxiao , Zeng Hongliang , Dai Yizhou , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zheng Tingting , Xia Chuan , Liu Xinyan , Jiang Qiu
Published: April 2024

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis holds great promise in revolutionizing clean energy production by enabling the efficient generation of hydrogen. Nevertheless, a formidable challenge persists in the realm of designing electrocatalysts that are both highly active and acid‐resistant during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thereby mitigating the substantial kinetic barrier. In this study, the facile synthesis of iridium‐yttrium (IrY) alloy nanocatalysts via a thermal shock method is introduced, which exhibits exceptional activity in the context of acidic water oxidation. Through the strategic incorporation of dispersed Y into the lattice of Ir metal, the IrY catalyst demonstrates a notably low overpotential of 255 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and showcases remarkable catalytic stability in acidic electrolytes, enduring for over 500 h with a high current density of 100 mA cm−2. Through a comprehensive set of in situ characterizations and analytical methods, the formation of a surface Ir‐based oxide layer, induced by deprotonation and electrochemical oxidation is unveiled, which is notably stabilized by the presence of Y dopants. This stabilization of the active site imparts enhanced resistance to over‐oxidation and dissolution, underpinning the exceptional stability of the catalyst. Theoretical calculations suggest that the incorporation of Y into the catalyst structure has a significant impact on enhancing the reactivity of the oxygen intermediate (O*) at adjacent Ir sites, thus lowering the overpotential and promoting OER activity. The alloying approach presents a straightforward method for achieving atomic‐level modifications in catalyst design and can pave the way for the development of more effective and economically viable OER catalysts and beyond.
A rare manifestation presenting as acute pancreatitis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Wang Han‐Yun , Wang Sheng‐Fu
Published: April 2024

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an unusual disease with a 90% mortality rate without prompt management. The typical clinical manifestations include thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, neurological symptoms, fever, and renal impairment. However, recognizing TTP in its early stages is not always easy due to limited clinical experience and sometimes atypical presentation. We report a 44‐year‐old male who initially suffered from jaundice and skin purpura, followed by epigastric pain. Acute pancreatitis was first suspected after a computerized tomography (CT) scan in the local medical department, without a definite etiology. He was then transferred to our hospital for further investigation of hemolysis. Transient neurological symptoms occurred 1 week after transferring. TTP was later confirmed based on schistocytes noted in peripheral blood smear and ADAMTS‐13 activity = 0%. The patient was discharged successfully after prompt therapeutic plasma exchange and steroid treatment. We present the first case of TTP inducing acute pancreatitis in Asia and remind that acute pancreatitis is a possible cause of abdominal pain, although it's a rare manifestation of TTP.
Origami‐Inspired Modular Electro‐Ribbon Actuator for Multi‐Degrees of Freedom Motion
Authors: Hou Ningzhe , Wen Jian , Pan Yuhan , Taghavi Majid
Published: April 2024

Origami robots, inspired by an ancient form of paper folding art, are capable of achieving high displacement in a lightweight and compact design that conventional robots can hardly attain. It, however, remains a challenge to drive origami robots with in situ active materials that imply minimal added mass and complexity and can be easily controlled to achieve multiple actuation modalities. Herein, inspired by the Twisted Tower origami structure, dielectrophoretic liquid zipping actuation concept is employed to develop a modular architecture, capable of achieving complicated motions with multiple degrees of freedom (DoF). The experimental results show a maximum of 3.9 degrees tilting per layer toward any desired direction, a 56.1% contraction of the original length, and 5.4 degrees twisting per layer. Each layer can generate a maximum contractile force of 1.03 N with a maximum 64.7% power efficiency and 2.775 W kg−1 power‐to‐weight ratio. A modified heterochiral arrangement of this modular actuator is proposed to enhance controllability across various movement modes. Its use in robotic‐wrist‐like actuation has been demonstrated, highlighting its significant potential for integration into soft robotic multi‐DoF structures, such as continuum arms.
Is self‐incompatibility a reproductive barrier for hybridization in a sympatric species?
Authors: Martínez‐Ramos Linda M. , Vázquez‐Santana Sonia , García‐Franco José , Mandujano María C.
Published: April 2024

Premise

Barriers at different reproductive stages contribute to reproductive isolation. Self‐incompatibility (SI) systems that prevent self‐pollination could also act to control interspecific pollination and contribute to reproductive isolation, preventing hybridization. Here we evaluated whether SI contributes to reproductive isolation among four co‐occurring Opuntia species that flower at similar times and may hybridize with each other.

Methods

We assessed whether Opuntia cantabrigiensis, O. robusta, O. streptacantha, and O. tomentosa, were self‐compatible and formed hybrid seeds in five manipulation treatments to achieve self‐pollination, intraspecific cross‐pollination, open pollination (control), interspecific crosses or apomixis, then recorded flowering phenology and synchrony.

Results

All species flowered in the spring with a degree of synchrony, so that two pairs of species were predisposed to interspecific pollination (O. cantabrigiensis with O. robusta, O. streptacantha with O. tomentosa). All species had distinct reproductive systems: Opuntia cantabrigiensis is self‐incompatible and did not produce hybrid seeds as an interspecific pollen recipient; O. robusta is a dioecious species, which formed a low proportion of hybrid seeds; O. streptacantha and O. tomentosa are self‐compatible and produced hybrid seeds.

Conclusions

Opuntia cantabrigiensis had a strong pollen–pistil barrier, likely due to its self‐incompatibility. Opuntia robusta, the dioecious species, is an obligate outcrosser and probably partially lost its ability to prevent interspecific pollen germination. Given that the self‐compatible species can set hybrid seeds, we conclude that pollen–pistil interaction and high flowering synchrony represent weak barriers; whether reproductive isolation occurs later in their life cycle (e.g., germination or seedling survival) needs to be determined.
“I was already there once”: Cumulative attempt capital of marginalized women exiting substance use and street prostitution contributes to their recovery capital
Authors: Gesser Nili
Published: April 2024

Despite a move to view substance use as a disease of the brain, relapse into drugs is still often viewed as a personal failure. Low recovery capital has been used to explain relapse among certain marginalized populations. Recovery capital is a recent framework that refers to the individual's sum of all internal and external assets that may assist in their recovery process. It includes four categories: physical, human, social, and cultural capital. However, this framework does not relate to the role of actual relapses in the recovery process, despite their common occurrence. To bridge this gap, in‐depth interviews with 29 women formerly engaged in substance use and street prostitution in a large urban area were used to probe women about their relapse and recovery experiences. The current study demonstrates the value in repeat recovery setbacks, what I term “cumulative attempt capital”: lessons learned from previous recovery attempts. I argue that previous attempts improve women's social and professional networks, help them learn from past mistakes, improve and maintain their health, and provide them with a sense of self‐efficacy. This research expands our understanding of the positive role failed attempts play in one's recovery. Such reframing by service providers can alleviate a sense of shame and low self‐worth for women in street prostitution and substance use and has implications for policy and program development.
Achieving Exceptional Thermal and Hydrolytic Resistance in Chemically Circular Polyesters via In‐Chain 1,3‐Cyclobutane Rings
Authors: Weng Chaoqun , Ding Zhiqiang , Qiu Weijie , Wang Bin , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: April 2024

Polyesters, a highly promising class of circular polymers for achieving a closed‐loop sustainable plastic economy, inherently exhibit material stability defects, especially in thermal and hydrolytic instability. Here, we introduce a class of polyesters, P(4R‐BL) (R=Ph, Bu), featuring conformationally rigid 1,3‐cyclobutane rings in the backbone. These polyesters not only exhibit superior thermostability (Td,5%=376–380 °C) but also demonstrate exceptional hydrolytic resistance with good integrity even after 1 year in basic and acidic aqueous solutions, distinguishing themselves from typical counterparts. Tailoring the flexibility of the side group R enables the controlled thermal and mechanical performance of P(4Ph‐BL) and P(4Bu‐BL) to rival durable syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), respectively. Significantly, despite their high stability, both polyesters can be effectively depolymerized into pristine monomers, establishing a circular life cycle.
Self‐Powered and Self‐Recoverable Multimodal Force Sensors Based on Trap State and Interfacial Electron Transfer
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Tan Jie , Wang Han , Xiao Hua , Shen Ruichen , Huang Bolong , Yuan Quan
Published: April 2024

Multi‐dimensional force sensing that combines intensity, location, area and the like could gather a wealth of information from mechanical stimuli. Developing materials with force‐induced optical and electrical dual responses would provide unique opportunities to multi‐dimensional force sensing, with electrical signals quantifying the force amplitude and the luminescence output providing spatial distribution of force. However, the reliance on external power supply and high‐energy excitation source brings significant challenges to the applicability of multi‐dimensional force sensors. Here we reported the mechanical energy‐driven and sunlight‐activated materials with force‐induced dual responses, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of self‐sustainable force sensing. Theoretical analysis and experimental data unraveled that trap‐controlled luminescence and interfacial electron transfer play a major role in force‐induced optical and electrical output. These materials were manufactured into pressure sensor with renewable dual‐mode output for quantifying and visualization of pressures by electrical and optical output, respectively, without power supply and high‐energy irradiation. The quantification of tactile sensation and stimuli localization of mice highlighted the multi‐dimensional sensing ability of the sensor. Overall, this self‐powered pressure sensor with multimodal output provides more modalities of force sensing, poised to change the way that intelligent devices sense with the world.
Kurgan Phenomenon in the Southern Caucasus: Results of an Interdisciplinary Multi‐Method Remote Sensing Survey Along the Kurekçay Valley (Goranboy Province, Western Azerbaijan)
Authors: Ricci Andrea , Jalilov Bakhtiyar , Fiori Stefania , Erkul Ercan , Kneisel Jutta , Fischer Simon , Raese Hendrik , Rabbel Wolfgang
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of a pilot study that combines findings from satellite remote sensing analyses and an intensive interdisciplinary survey conducted in November 2021 on kurgans along the Kurekçay Valley, in western Azerbaijan. Through the integration of various methods, including historical and contemporary satellite and aerial imagery analysis, topographic mapping and geophysical prospections, this research remotely maps and quantifies the density, size, morphology and distribution of the burial mounds in the area. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on individual burial mounds, this investigation adopts a broader approach by contextualizing the kurgans within their respective landscapes. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical and symbolic aspects and relationships of these structures, providing valuable insights into the enduring burial practices that shaped the funerary traditions of the Southern Caucasus during the 4th and 1st millennium BCE. Furthermore, this approach supports an assessment of the condition of the individual kurgans, thereby opening new perspectives to develop innovative plans to protect these burial mounds and their settings.
A comparison of virtual reality anatomy models to prosections in station‐based anatomy teaching
Authors: Ail Geetika , Freer Frances , Chan Chui Shan , Jones Melissa , Broad John , Canale Gian Paulo , Elston Pedro , Leeney Jessica , Vickerton Paula
Published: April 2024

Immersive virtual reality (i‐VR) is a powerful tool that can be used to explore virtual models in three dimensions. It could therefore be a valuable tool to supplement anatomical teaching by providing opportunities to explore spatial anatomical relationships in a virtual environment. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to its effectiveness as a teaching modality when compared to the use of cadaveric material. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of i‐VR in facilitating understanding of different anatomical regions when compared with cadaveric prosections for a cohort of first‐ and second‐year undergraduate medical students. Students (n = 92) enrolled in the MBBS program at Queen Mary University of London undertook an assessment, answering questions using either Oculus i‐VR headsets, the Human Anatomy VR™ application, or prosection materials. Utilizing ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparison test, we found no significant difference between prosections and i‐VR scores in the abdomen (p = 0.6745), upper limb (p = 0.8557), or lower limb groups (p = 0.9973), suggesting that i‐VR may be a viable alternative to prosections in these regions. However, students scored significantly higher when using prosections when compared to i‐VR for the thoracic region (p < 0.0001). This may be due to a greater need for visuospatial understanding of 3D relationships when viewing anatomical cavities, which is challenged by a virtual environment. Our study supports the use of i‐VR in anatomical teaching but highlights that there is significant variation in the efficacy of this tool for the study of different anatomical regions.
Progress in Electrochemically Empowered C−O Bond Formation: Unveiling the Pathway of Efficient Green Synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Debosmit , Samal Aroop Kumar , Parida Anita , Ikbal Mohammed , Jana Akash , Jana Rathin , Sahu Pradeepta Kumar , Giri Soumen , Samanta Shubhankar
Published: April 2024

(C−X) bonds (X=C, N, O) are the main backbone for making different skeleton in the organic synthetic transformations. Among all the sustainable techniques, electro‐organic synthesis for C−X bond formation is the advanced tool as it offers a greener and more cost‐effective approach to chemical reactions by utilizing electrons as reagents. In this review, we want to explore the recent advancements in electrochemical C−O bond formation. The electrochemically driven C−O bond formation represents an emerging and exciting area of research. In this context, electrochemical techniques offers numerous advantages, including higher yields, cost‐efficient production, and simplified work‐up procedures. This method enables the continuous and consistent formation of C−O bonds in molecules, significantly enhancing overall reaction yields. Furthermore, both intramolecular and intermolecular C−O bond forming reaction provided valuable products of O‐containing acyclic/cyclic analogue. Hence, carbonyl (C=O), ether ‐O‐), and ester (‐COOR) functionalization in both cyclic/acyclic analogues have been prepared continuously via this innovative pathway. In this context, we want to discuss one‐decade electrochemical synthetic pathways of various C−O bond contains functional group in chronological manner. This review focused on all the synthetic aspects including mechanistic path and has also mentioned overall critical finding regarding the C−O bond formation via electrochemical pathways.
Zum globalen Erwärmungspotenzial (GWP) von zentrisch belasteten Stützen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
Authors: Krinitzki Christopher , Kaczorowski Marc , Hartz Christian
Published: April 2024

Der fortschreitende Klimawandel und die sich daraus verändernden Randbedingungen bezogen auf die Planung von Bauwerken beeinflussen das Bauwesen in seinen wesentlichen Grundsätzen. Ein „Weiter so“ ist mit Blick auf die ausgerufenen Ziele der Bundesregierung hinsichtlich der Klimaneutralität im Jahr 2045 unverantwortlich. Dieser Aufsatz versteht sich als ein Schritt zur notwendigen Sensibilisierung hin zur ökologischen Tragwerksplanung am Beispiel von zentrisch belasteten Stützen im Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau. Es werden die wesentlichen Einflussfaktoren der gewählten Materialien Holz, Stahl und Stahlbeton auf das GWP diskutiert und auf Basis einer funktionalen Äquivalenz verglichen. Ziel der Gegenüberstellung ist es, die Sensitivität einzelner Parameter in Bezug auf das globale Erwärmungspotenzial (GWP) von Stützen zu erfassen und eine ökologischere Tragwerksplanung zu begleiten.
Magnetron Sputtered SnO₂ Layer Combined with NiCo−LDH Nanosheets for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Yi , Hu Hexiang , Xu Ruixiang , Gu Hao , Zhang Limei , Ji Zhengyang , Zhou Jingwei , Liu Ying , Cai Bin
Published: April 2024

Nickel‐cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo−LDH) has attracted much attention because of its excellent electrochemical properties and regulability. And it is a potential pseudocapacitive electrode material, which is commonly used in supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. Its application in the field of supercapacitors can improve the energy density, power density and cycle life of devices. However, NiCo−LDH still faces some challenges, such as poor electrical conductivity and the capacity attenuation caused by agglomeration of layered structures, which require further research and optimization. In this paper, SnO2 films were prepared on carbon cloth (CC) by magnetron sputtering method, and Ni−Co LDH nanosheets were grown by hydrothermal reaction to obtain NiCo−LDH@SnO2 composites. Due to the synergistic effect between NiCo−LDH and SnO2, NiCo−LDH@SnO2 composites exhibit high Cs and good cyclic stability. In addition, an all‐solid‐state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled with activated carbon (AC) anodes, showing good specific capacitance(Cs) and energy density. And a high initial capacitance can still be retained after 10,000 cycles. This paper shows that NiCo−LDH@SnO2 shows excellent application potential in supercapacitors.
Achieving a Double Advantage Through Design of TiO2/C Interlaced Coating for Si Anode
Authors: Shi Xingwang , Bi Xiangyu , Tang Tianyu , Gu Jiansen , Lu Yangfan , Jing Haosheng , Xu Jiakang , Yang Jingguo , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhiya , Peng Yong
Published: April 2024

Multifunctional coating strategy shows promising prospective in advancing Si‐based anodes towards practical applications in Li‐ion batteries. Dual coating of amorphous carbon and TiO2 shows demonstrable advantages owing to high elasticity of amorphous carbon and mechanical toughness of TiO2. However, for past design of Si@C@TiO2 composite electrode, wherein C and TiO2 are configured layer‐by‐layer, a long‐standing problem exists as that a thin TiO2 coating is insufficient to stabilize the electrode's architecture while a thick one prevents the core active material of Si far from fully electrochemically utilization due to the too strong structural constraint effect. Herein, it presents that a facial heat treatment of Si@C@TiO2 with thick enough TiO2 can readily avert the problem. Such a strategy promotes the capacity utilization rate from 39% to 61% for the initial cycle and from 43% to 85% after 200 cycles. Model structure of C/TiO2 multilayer films is employed to reveal the role of the heat treatment. It finds that the heat treatment can transform a layer‐by‐layer structure of C@TiO2 into an interlaced structure of C/TiO2 which exhibits a dual advantage in withstanding mechanical strain and simultaneously promoting Li‐ion storage and electron/Li‐ion transport.
Before Mnemosyne: Wilhelmine Cultural History Exhibitions and the Genesis of Warburg's Picture Atlas**
Authors: Vollgraff Matthew
Published: April 2024

Aby Warburg's Bilderatlas Mnemosyne, left unfinished in 1929, has attracted significant interest in recent decades. This essay offers a new interpretation of Warburg's “picture atlas,” not in relation to modernist collage and photomontage, but as an heir to scientific pedagogical exhibitions of the late Wilhelmine period. It deals in particular with two “public enlightenment” shows curated by the Leipzig medical historian Karl Sudhoff, whose work Warburg admired and employed: the first on with the history of hygiene in Dresden in 1911, the second in Leipzig, three years later, on the development of scientific images. Like Warburg, Sudhoff appreciated artworks and artifacts as sources for the history of science and medicine. His exhibitions consisted of assemblages of photographic reproductions—some of which were provided by Warburg himself—and uncannily anticipate Mnemosyne in both form and content. By examining the exchange of materials and display methods between the two scholars, the article explores how their respective visual projects reflected deeper disagreements over the public role of science, the epistemic power of images, and the persistence of the irrational in the human psyche.
Development of an in situ polymerized artificial layer for dendrite‐free and stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Lai Junquan , Tan Rui , Jiang Huai , Huang Xinjing , Tian Zhongliang , Hong Bo , Wang Mengran , Li Jie
Published: April 2024

Severe lithium dendrite issues bring a significant challenge for the practical application of Li metal anodes. In this study, a scalable spray‐coating method is used to in situ construct an organic/inorganic composite interfacial layer including Li‐Zn alloy and lithium polyacrylate on the surface of lithium metal. The Li‐Zn alloy exhibits favorable lithiophilic and high Li+ diffusion coefficient, whereas highly elastic lithium polyacrylate is a Li+ conductor and provides excellent mechanical properties. Finally, the ZA‐Li||ZA‐Li cell shows stable cycling for over 1800 h with 1 mA cm−2 at 2 h per cycle, which demonstrates a pronounced inhibition of lithium dendrite growth. Based on the above merits, this work would open a new avenue to develop advanced artificial interfacial layer with multiple capabilities for high‐performance lithium metal batteries.
Nα‐Aroyl‐N‐Aryl‐Phenylalanine Amides: A Promising Class of Antimycobacterial Agents Targeting the RNA Polymerase
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. , Goddard Richard , Lang Markus , Richter Adrian
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death from a bacterium in the world. The global prevalence of clinically relevant infections with opportunistically pathogenic non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has also been on the rise. Pharmacological treatment of both TB and NTM infections usually requires prolonged regimens of drug combinations, and is often challenging because of developed or inherent resistance to common antibiotic drugs. Medicinal chemistry efforts are thus needed to improve treatment options and therapeutic outcomes. Nα‐aroyl‐N‐aryl‐phenylalanine amides (AAPs) have been identified as potent antimycobacterial agents that target the RNA polymerase with a low probability of cross resistance to rifamycins, the clinically most important class of antibiotics known to inhibit the bacterial RNA polymerase. In this review, we describe recent developments in the field of AAPs, including synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro microbiological profiling, structure‐activity relationships, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and early cytotoxicity assessment.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, Acute Toxicity, In Silico Molecular Docking and Dynamic Analysis of Apis Mellifera Propolis as Antidiabetic Supplement
Authors: Syaifie Putri Hawa , Ibadillah Delfritama , Jauhar Muhammad Miftah , Reninta Rikania , Ningsih Sri , Ramadhan Donny , Arda Adzani Gaisani , Ningrum Dhecella Winy Cintya , Kaswati Nofa Mardia Ningsih , Rochman Nurul Taufiqu , Mardliyati Etik
Published: April 2024

This study aims to identify the phytochemical profile of Apis mellifera propolis and explore the potential of its anti‐diabetic activity through inhibition of α‐amylase (α‐AE), α‐glucosidase(α‐GE), as well as novel antidiabetic compounds of propolis. Apis mellifera propolis extract (AMPE) exhibited elevated polyphenol 33.26±0.17 (mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (15.45±0.13 mg RE/g). It also indicated moderate strong antioxidant activity (IC50 793.09±1.94 μg/ml). This study found that AMPE displayed promising α‐AE and α‐GE inhibition through in vitro study. Based on LC–MS/MS screening, 18 unique AMPE compounds were identified, with majorly belonging to anthraquinone and flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, in silico study determined that 8 compounds of AMPE exhibited strong binding to α‐AE that specifically interacted with its catalytic residue of ASP197. Moreover, 2 compounds exhibit potential inhibition of α‐GE, by interacting with crucial amino acids of ARG315, ASP352, and ASP69. Finally, we suggested that 2,7‐Dihydroxy‐1‐(p‐hydroxybenzyl)‐4‐methoxy‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene and 3(3‐(3,4‐Dihydroxybenzyl)‐7‐hydroxychroman‐4‐one as novel inhibitors of α‐AE and α‐GE. Notably, these compounds were initially discovered from Apis mellifera propolis in this study. The molecular dynamic analysis confirmed their stable binding with both enzymes over 100 ns simulations. The in vivo acute toxicity assay reveals AMPE as a practically non‐toxic product with an LD50 value of 16,050 mg/kg. Therefore, this propolis may serve as a promising natural product for diabetes mellitus treatment.
Enhancing PET Degrading Enzymes: A Combinatory Approach
Authors: Joho Yvonne , Royan Santana , Caputo Alessandro T. , Newton Sophia , Peat Thomas S. , Newman Janet , Jackson Colin , Ardevol Albert
Published: April 2024

Plastic waste has become a substantial environmental issue. A potential strategy to mitigate this problem is to use enzymatic hydrolysis of plastics to depolymerize post‐consumer waste and allow it to be reused. Over the last few decades, the use of enzymatic PET‐degrading enzymes has shown promise as a great solution for creating a circular plastic waste economy. PsPETase from Piscinibacter sakaiensis has been identified as an enzyme with tremendous potential for such applications. But to improve its efficiency, enzyme engineering has been applied aiming at enhancing its thermal stability, enzymatic activity, and ease of production. Here, we combine different strategies such as structure‐based rational design, ancestral sequence reconstruction and machine learning to engineer a more highly active Combi‐PETase variant with a melting temperature of 70 °C and optimal performance at 60 °C. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that these approaches, commonly used in other works of enzyme engineering, are most effective when utilized in combination, enabling the improvement of enzymes for industrial applications.
Reading and Writing the Ubiquitin Code Using Genetic Code Expansion
Authors: Patel Rishi S. , Pannala Nipuni M. , Das Chittaranjan
Published: April 2024

Deciphering ubiquitin proteoform signaling and its role in disease has been a long‐standing challenge in the field. The effects of ubiquitin modifications, its relation to ubiquitin‐related machineries, and its signaling output has been particularly limited by its reconstitution and means of characterization. Advances in genetic code expansion have contributed towards addressing these challenges by precision incorporation of unnatural amino acids through site selective codon suppression. This review discusses recent advances in studying the ‘writers’, ‘readers’, and ‘erasers’ of the ubiquitin code using genetic code expansion. Highlighting strategies towards genetically encoded protein ubiquitination, ubiquitin phosphorylation, acylation, and finally surveying ubiquitin interactions, we strive to bring attention to this unique approach towards addressing a widespread proteoform problem.
Hemivertebra with pathogenic microdeletion of chromosome 9
Authors: Dorjey Yeshey , Gyeltshen Tashi
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Hemivertebra is a rare congenital abnormality of the spinal column. Hemivertebra with other structural and cytogenetic abnormalities are reported. The prognosis is favorable with partial hemivertebra and with a single spinal defect as compared to a defect involving full segments and affecting different levels of the spines. The perinatal outcome is obscured when it is associated with other syndromes or cytogenetic abnormality. It is imperative to do serial thorough anatomical ultrasound scanning and to screen for chromosomal abnormality when hemivertebra is detected during pregnancy.
Manufacturing‐X ‐ ein föderales Datenökosystem für Europa
Authors: Marko Angelina
Published: April 2024

Manufacturing‐X, eine Initiative zur Etablierung eines föderalen Datenökosystems, strebt die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit der Industrie an. Leuchtturmprojekte wie Factory‐X und Process‐X konzentrieren sich auf die Einführung digitaler Lösungen in verschiedenen Leitindustrien, um effizientere Prozesse und CO2‐Einsparungen zu ermöglichen. Die Schaffung eines digitalen ökosystems auf Basis offener Standards fördert die langfristige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Industrie.
The diagnostic efficiency of artificial intelligence based 2 hours Holter monitoring in premature ventricular and supraventricular contractions detection
Authors: Huang Qiong , Fan Yuansheng , Wang Jialin , Xu Zhiyang , Yang Linfeng , Wang Junhong , Zhan Yiyang , Kong Xiangqing , Zhou Ningtian
Published: April 2024

Background

Electrocardiography (ECG) and 24 hours Holter monitoring (24 h‐Holter) provided valuable information for premature ventricular and supraventricular contractions (PVC and PSVC). Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) based 2 hours single‐lead Holter (2 h‐Holter) monitoring may provide an improved strategy for PSVC/PVC diagnosis.

Hypothesis

AI combined with single‐lead Holter monitoring improves PSVC/PVC detection.

Methods

In total, 170 patients were enrolled between August 2022 and 2023. All patients wore both devices simultaneously; then, we compared diagnostic efficiency, including the sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive‐value (PPV) and negative predictive‐value (NPV) in detecting PSVC/PVC by 24 h‐Holter and 2 h‐Holter.

Results

The PPV and NPV in patients underwent 2 h‐Holter were 76.00%/87.50% and 96.35%/98.55, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were 79.17%/91.30%, and 95.65%/97.84% in PSVC/PVC detection compared with 24 h‐Holter. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for PSVC and PVC were 0.885 and 0.741, respectively (p < .0001).

Conclusions

The potential advantages of the 2 h‐Holter were shortened wearing period, improved convenience, and excellent consistency of diagnosis.
Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Overoxidation of Fe−N−C Catalysts: Implications for ORR Activity
Authors: Morankar Ankita , Atanassov Plamen , Greeley Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

Fe−N−C (iron‐nitrogen‐carbon) electrocatalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to precious metals for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but they remain insufficiently stable for widespread adoption in fuel cell technologies. One plausible mechanism to explain this lack of stability, and the associated catalyst degradation, is oxidative attack on the catalyst surface by hydrogen peroxide, a non‐selective byproduct of the ORR. In this work, we perform a detailed analysis of this degradation mechanism, using a combination of periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and ab‐initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to probe the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen peroxide activation on a series of candidate active sites for the Fe−N−C catalyst. The results demonstrate that carbon atoms neighbouring FeN4 active sites can be strongly over‐oxidized via formation of hydroxyl or epoxy groups when hydrogen peroxide is present in the electrolyte. In most cases, the interaction between the over‐oxidizing groups and the ORR reaction intermediates reduces the ORR activity, and we further propose that the over‐oxidized sites are likely precursors to irreversible carbon corrosion and further catalyst deactivation.
The role of the Terminal Benzene Derivatives in Triphenylamine‐Based Oxime Esters for Free Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Hsieh Jyun‐Bin , Chen Yung‐Chung
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate the effect of terminal benzene derivatives in triphenylamine‐based oxime esters on their photoreactivity. Five novel oxime esters (Miko series) that containing different benzene derivatives as terminal groups, were synthesized. The electronic properties of the substituents on the benzene ring range from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing. Specifically, a methoxy benzene for Miko‐MOB, tert‐butyl benezene for Miko‐t‐Bu, chloro benzene for Miko‐CB, trifluoromethyl benzene for Miko‐TFM, and nitro benzene for Miko‐NB. Additionally, a compound with benzene only as the terminal substituent (TP‐1) was selected for comparision. All the new compounds exhibited higher molar extinction coefficients than TP‐1. Additionally, the steady‐state photolysis and electron spin resonance (ESR) properties would decrease from the electron‐donating substitutes to electron‐withdrawing substitutes. Finally, these oxime esters are utilized in Type I photoinitiating systems for the free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) under UV or LED@405 nm light irradiation conditions. Among all formulations, Miko‐MOB demonstrated the highest double bond conversion efficiency under both UV and LED@405 nm light irradiation. Thus, terminal benzene derivatives in oxime esters play an important role in tuning the optical and photochemical reaction performance, offering significant value for the design strategy of such photoinitiators.