bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of Apple Plants to Drought Stress
Authors: Aras Servet , Keles Hakan
Published: August 2019

In order to screen apple rootstocks for drought tolerance, two different drought levels moderate and severe stress, and a control were applied to apple cultivar Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 rootstocks. Apple plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 15 and 19 days in the greenhouse conditions, while the control treatment was continued watering. Data were recorded 15 (moderate drought stress) and 19 days (severe drought stress) after application of drought stress. At the end of the experiment, both rootstocks were significantly affected under drought conditions. Severe drought stress caused decrease in SPAD value in Red Chief grafted onto M9 and MM106 by 15.7 % and 11.1 %, respectively. Severe drought stress declined anthocyanin content in M9 and MM106 by 7.8 % and 28.4 %, respectively. Stomatal conductance was remarkably affected by drought stress. Effects of drought stress on plants depended on rootstocks, severity and duration of drought stress. As a result, the more invigorating rootstock MM106 was found more drought-tolerant when compared to M9 that is needed to be evaluated with more parameters.
Social Intelligence and Its Relation with the Pattern of Social Relationships (Cooperation, Competitive) of the Average Diploma Students in Jordan
Authors: Al-Kfaween Etaf
Published: August 2019

The current study aimed to recognise the level of social intelligence and its relationship with the patterns of social interactions (cooperating and competition) and knowing the differences between the sample individuals according to the employment statues and residence (city or village). A random of sample of diploma students was selected in Tafila Technical University, it reached (189) student, and the scale of social intelligence, and the scale of social relationships (cooperation and competition).The results indicated that the level of social intelligence was average and there was a positive connection between social intelligence and the pattern of cooperation. The employed students have more interest to cooperate, and the differences between city and village students are statistically indicated. The study recommended to reconsider the strategies used with the students in teaching situations where cooperate encouraging strategies are used.
Investigating the Relationships Between Organizational Change, Organizational Climate, and Organizational Performance
Authors: Supriyati Sri , Udin Udin , Wahyudi Sugeng , Mahfudz Mahfudz
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational change (i.e., technostructure change, work procedure, and individual) on organizational climate and organizational performance. By using the census technique, the respondents are all employees of regional drinking water company (PDAM) in Kendal regency of Indonesia. Data are analyzed using simple and multiple regression analysis. The results show that technostructure change partially has a significant negative effect on organizational climate, while work procedure and individual change have a significant positive effect on organizational climate. Furthermore, organizational change simultaneously has a significant positive effect on organizational climate and organizational performance.
Effectiveness of Marzano's Dimensions of Learning Model in the Development of Creative Thinking Skills among Saudi Foundation Year Students
Authors: Rowais Azizah Saad Al
Published: August 2019

The present study attempts to identify the effectiveness of Marzano's dimensions of learning model in developingcreative thinking skills among the students of the foundation year at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, SaudiArabia. To achieve the study objective, a scale of creative thinking skills and a guide were prepared by the author toclarify how to teach according to the dimensions of learning. The study utilized a quasi-experimental method toapply the learning model to (25) female students representing the control group who were traditionally taught theselected unit and an experimental group of (25) students who studied the same unit using Marzano's dimensions oflearning model, and pre and posttest for creative thinking skills applied to both groups. The study results showedstatistically significant differences between score means of the two groups suggesting the experimental groupexcellence in creative thinking. The study recommended redesigning the university courses to comply withMarzano's dimensions of learning model.
Musculoskeletal Effects of Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: Sutton Karen , Sanft Tara B. , Knobf Tish M. , Ibe Izuchukwu K.
Published: August 2019

Cancer remains a common disease with approximately 40% of Americans diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Medical advances in the field of oncology have led to an increased life expectancy and a decreased mortality rate. Antineoplastic agents such as taxanes and targeted therapies are indicated in the treatment of many cancers, and their use can be associated with various musculoskeletal complaints and adverse effects. Orthopaedic Surgeons are trained to identify primary bone tumors and metastasis to bones. It is also important for them to have an understanding of the profile of musculoskeletal adverse effects associated with the treatment of the more common neoplasms. This article reviews the current literature on the commonly used chemotherapeutic agents and their associated musculoskeletal effects.
Patient Preferences for Plain Radiographs in the Setting of Atraumatic Shoulder Pain: Which Factors Influence Their Decision?
Authors: Lyudmer Michael , Levy Benjamin J. , Holtzman Ari J. , Sankaranarayanan Sriram , Tabeayo Eloy , Gruson Konrad I.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Plain radiographs of the shoulder are routinely obtained for patients presenting with atraumatic shoulder pain, although the diagnostic utility of this imaging modality is unclear. Despite this, patients often prefer to obtain radiographs and may associate them with a more satisfactory visit.

Methods:

New patients presenting with atraumatic shoulder pain were provided with information regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of plain radiographs as part of their visit. Patients then decided whether to receive radiographs and baseline patient demographics were collected. A detailed physical examination and history was performed by a fellowship-trained provider, and a preliminary diagnosis and tentative treatment plan was formulated. The radiographs were then reviewed to determine whether the diagnosis and treatment plan was altered by addition of the radiographs. Patients who opted for radiographs then reported whether they felt the radiographs aided in diagnosis and treatment and whether the addition of the radiograph influenced their visit satisfaction.

Results:

A total of 220 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 121 patients (55%) requested a radiograph. The mean age was 57.1 ± 16.1 years (range, 18 to 91 years). Lack of bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 6.2; P = 0.01), lack of previous contralateral shoulder pain (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.0 to 8.2; P = 0.0001), and lack of a previous shoulder radiograph (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 4.1 to 16.9; P < 0.0001) or MRI within the last 6 months (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 26.8; P = 0.01) were independently associated with patient preference to obtain radiographs for atraumatic shoulder pain. Of the 121 patients who requested radiographs, 117 (96.7%) felt that radiographs improved their satisfaction.

Discussion:

Patients who obtained radiographs overwhelmingly reported its importance in improving visit satisfaction and diagnostic accuracy. Given the increasing emphasis on shared decision making, further study of patient factors influencing the decision to obtain routine radiographs will lead to more efficient practice management and potentially improved patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:

Level II (Diagnostic)
Prevalence of Incidental Benign and Malignant Lesions on Radiographs Ordered by Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Velasco Brian T. , Ye Michael Y. , Chien Bonnie , Kwon John Y. , Miller Christopher P.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Radiographs are the most commonly available diagnostic imaging modalities used to evaluate orthopaedic conditions. In addition to suspected findings based on the initial indication to obtain radiographic images, incidental findings may be observed as well, some of which may have notable medical and legal ramifications. This study evaluates the number of incidental findings reported from orthopaedic radiographs ordered in an academic orthopaedic multispecialty group over 1 year.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of 13,948 eligible radiographs recorded at our institution over a 12-month period. Reports were categorized based on examination type. Incidental findings were categorized as having concern for possible malignancy versus likely benign conditions. The possibly malignant findings were then further subdivided into either bone or lung malignancies. The benign findings were subcategorized by etiology and anatomic location.

Results:

Thirteen thousand nine hundred forty-eight radiographs were evaluated, and 289 (2.07%) incidental findings were identified. The three study categories with the highest prevalence of incidental findings were spine (3.96%), leg length alignment (3.94%), and pelvic and hip (2.81%) radiographs. The three most common types of incidental findings identified were for possible malignancy or metastases in bone (30.1%), benign bone disease (24.9%), and gastrointestinal conditions (6.57%). Follow-up was recommended for 122 (42.2%) incidental findings.

Discussion:

This study describes the prevalence of incidental findings on orthopaedic radiographs in adults. Axial radiographs such as of the spine and pelvis are more likely to report an incidental finding as opposed to appendicular radiographs of distal extremities. The exception is leg alignment radiographs that include the entire lower extremity and pelvis and image a larger area of the body. Nearly one-third of incidental findings were suspicious for possible malignancy or metastases. Additional diagnostic workup with focused imaging is often recommended. This information is useful to orthopaedic surgeons who read their own radiographs (without formal radiologist interpretation) to increase awareness of common, concerning incidental findings that may be missed and warrant additional follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Comparison of Harris Hip Scores and Revision Rates in Metal-on-Metal Versus Non–Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Frisch Nicholas B. , Rahman Tahsin M. , Darrith Brian , Patel Ishan , Silverton Craig D.
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

This study compares functional outcome scores and revision rates between metal-on-metal (MoM) and non-MoM total hip arthroplasty patients.

Methods:

A cohort of 75 patients who underwent implantation of the same dual modular hip arthroplasty between the years of 2004 and 2010 was enrolled. Patients were subsequently evaluated in 2015 to 2017 for joint revision history and functionality, as measured by the Harris hip score (HHS). Patients requiring a revision arthroplasty were not included in the HHS analysis.

Results:

A total of 49 patients had MoM implants (65.3%), and 26 patients had non-MoM implants (34.8%). At a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 10.2% (5/49) of MoM prostheses required revision, whereas 3.8% (1/26) of non-MoM prostheses required revision (P = 0.334). The mean HHS in the MoM cohort was 89.8, compared with 88.1 in the non-MoM cohort (P = 0.69).

Conclusion:

HHSs were not notably different between cohorts. The MoM cohort had three times as many revisions as the non-MoM cohort, but given the numbers available, this difference did not reach significance. Given the clinical importance of these revision data, further study is warranted to determine survivorship of the MoM versus non-MoM total hip arthroplasty at long-term follow-up.
Performance topics in harpsichord music in the second half of the 18th century – Part 1
Authors: Pilch Marek
Published: August 2019

The present article is connected in terms of its topic with the text entitled Harpsichord or piano? Different concepts in the 18th century keyboard music published by the author in “Notes Muzyczny” no. 1 (9) 2018, and it is the continuation of the discussion on the capacities and ways of performance of music from the Classical period, which is now understood as piano music, on the harpsichord.
Subsequent parts will touch on peculiar performance topics connected with the role of the harpsichord in that period: the understanding and rendering of the dynamics, the performance of arpeggios, and the ornamentation. The starting point of the author’s deliberations is the textbook by Daniel Gottlob Türk entitled Klavierschule oder Anweisung zum Klavierspielen für Lehrer und Lernende mit kritischen Anmerkungen. (Leipzig, Halle 1789) and textbooks by other theoreticians of that period (J. J. Quantz, C. Ph. E. Bach), as well as modern publications (F. Neumann, C. Brown, S. Rampe, J. Trinkewitz).
The possibility of the rendering of the dynamics understood as the capacity to influence the strength of single sounds is not the necessary condition for performing keyboard compositions from the second half of the 18th century. Neither is it the feature placing keyboard instruments in any particular hierarchy of values. In the 18th century sources it is hard to find any opinions stating that harpsichords were perceived as worse than other keyboard instruments due to the impossibility of shaping the dynamics of individual sounds. The most significant remarks referring to the performance are the topics connected with expression. The dynamics is not the only mean thanks to which a performance becomes expressive. It is possible to play in an expressive way on the harpsichord, yet it is achieved thanks to articulatory measures, agogic nuances, the right way of hitting keys and the proper selection of texture while playing basso continuo.
Violin sonatas by Polish composers of the turn of the 20th century as an example of shaping emotions in music
Authors: Król Tomasz
Published: August 2019

In the article, the author analyses the influence of expressive elements on the listener’s experience based on sonatas for violin and piano composed by Polish composers at the turn of the 20th century. Music in the physical sense is an acoustic phenomenon where a listener is the recipient of the sound and emotions evoked by the music listened to.
Musical awareness is also reflected in the progression of sounds that are interrelated in a special and original way. Functional concepts such the dynamics of the produced sound and sequences of sounds as well as their pace create a characteristic feature of the work. The author presents arguments in favour of the emotional reception of works by Polish composers.
The influence of the style of Karol Szymanowski on the creative work of Polish 20th century composers based on the Polish Suite by Szymon Laks
Authors: Szwejkowska-Belica Aleksandra
Published: August 2019

The essence of the present article is presenting the influence of the creative output as well as personality of Karol Szymanowski on subsequent generations of Polish 20th century composers searching for new trends and options for their artistic development, based on the Polish Suite for violin and piano by Szymon Laks. It is a very interesting composition as an object for an academic study as well as from the performance-related and artistic perspectives. All research activities aim towards finding style similarities in Laks’ composition and analysing them in comparison to works by Szymanowski. The examples given in the article illustrate a clear influence of Szymanowski, from distant associations concerning the mood, colour and aura of the piece to specific quotations substantiating a great respect and admiration Szymon Laks had for Karol Szymanowski. Another confirmation of that is the fact that this composition was dedicated to Szymanowski. The rich heritage Szymanowski left became the new path he had set for future generations of not only Polis composers. It seems that this thesis has been duly proven in the article. In Laks’ composition we will find clear influences and often even quotations from Polish folklore, which Karol Szymanowski also used in his works. The aim of the article is also familiarising readers with this very rarely performed composition, showing its undisputed qualities and encouraging everyone to discover and promote numerous forgotten yet often very valuable pieces in Polish music.
Saúde e marginalização social: suprimindo falhas curriculares
Authors: Franco Ribeiro de Oliveira Mariana , Cruz Castanho João Lucas , Santos Custódio Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

Objetivos: Ampliar a compreensão dos estudantes da saúde em relação à dinâmica social que leva à marginalização, suas particularidades clínicas e políticas públicas existentes, discutindo qual o seu papel na mudança da realidade exposta. Método: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, tendo como foco central o Curso de extensão “Saúde e Marginalização Social: expandindo perspectivas” de uma Universidade de Curitiba. O curso, com duração anual, apresentava-se com encontros mensais para discussão dos temas: o sentido da saúde e a influência da marginalização social, saúde das populações negra, indígena, LGB e TRANS, profissionais do sexo, em situação de rua e saúde mental. Em espaços organizados por alunos do curso de Medicina e supervisão docente, os convidados, pertencentes às populações em discussão, ou envolvidos em políticas públicas, demonstraram suas visões e sofrimentos e se relacionaram com a plateia, por meio de recortes históricos, relatos de vivência e descrição das dificuldades e perspectivas dentro da medicina. Resultados: Os espaços apresentaram grande adesão de estudantes, de variados cursos; houve relatos de surpresa e a afirmação de que nunca haviam presenciado esses temas em sala de aula. A maioria relatou elucidação nestas questões e a possibilidade de aplicação clínica dos conteúdos para humanização das suas práticas em saúde. Conclusão: Faz-se necessária a inclusão do tema Populações Marginalizadas nas ementas dos cursos da saúde, a fim de que as discussões representem mudanças no perfil do médico formado, seguindo as competências definidas nas DCNs e no cuidado, agora integral, ofertado aos pacientes.
MITOLOGIAS JURÍDICAS DO ESTADO ADMINISTRATIVO: CRÍTICA GENEALÓGICA DA NOÇÃO DE INTERESSE PÚBLICO
Authors: Teixeira Livia Solana Pfuetzenreiter de Lima , Guandalini Junior Walter
Published: August 2019

O estudo pretende realizar uma crítica genealógica do principal mito fundador do moderno Estado Administrativo: a noção de “interesse público”. Partindo do método arqueogenealógico proposto por Michel Foucault, leva em consideração o desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de interesse público para demonstrar que, longe de limitar juridicamente a ação de governo de um Estado Absoluto até então incontrolável, é a própria noção de interesse público a justificar a construção teórica e política de um Estado capaz de “fazer coisas”, legitimando tautologicamente, em nome do bem comum, a sua ação de governo sobre os corpos de indivíduos e populações.
TRIBUTAÇÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO (ITR, ICMS E FUNRURAL) E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Folloni André , Borghi Vitor
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo examinar e questionar a influência dos tributos no desenvolvimento sustentável do Brasil, mais especificamente no que concerne à incidência de tributação sobre o agronegócio. A partir de metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e da análise de dados publicados, o texto inicia pela compreensão do desenvolvimento nacional como um dos objetivos fundamentais da República Federativa do Brasil, e da função do Direito Tributário na sua promoção. Em seguida, passa ao exame individual de três dos principais tributos incidentes no agronegócio, a saber, o Imposto sobre a Propriedade Territorial Rural – ITR, Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços de Transporte Interestadual e Intermunicipal e de Comunicação – ICMS e a Contribuição ao Fundo de Assistência ao Trabalhador Rural – Funrural. Ao final, conclui que o sistema tributário nacional, para estar adequado aos objetivos previstos no texto constitucional, deve promover o desenvolvimento, o que não tem ocorrido nos casos examinados.
AS DIMENSÕES DEMOCRATIZANTES DO CPC / 2015 E SEUS IMPACTOS NA CULTURA JURÍDICA PROCESSUAL ESTABELECIDA
Authors: Catharina Alexandre De Castro
Published: August 2019

O Código de Processo Civil de 2015 trouxe importantes inovações normativas, principalmente no que diz respeito à democratização da organização do procedimento, através da instituição do negócio processual, por exemplo, e da construção democrática do processo decisório, mediante a expansão da atuação do amicus curiae no processo civil. Esse modelo participativo e democrático de processo, embora necessário no Estado Democrático de Direito, não decorre da cultura jurídica processual brasileira, fortemente influenciada pelo modelo processual liberal de matriz europeia. E é exatamente neste sentido que se faz necessário investigar, sobretudo após os primeiros anos de vigência do Código de Processo Civil, os impactos que estes institutos causaram em nossa cultura jurídica com o escopo de identificar se os objetivos pretendidos foram alcançados ou compreender os obstáculos, institucionais ou pragmáticos, que inviabilizaram sua eficácia. Com efeito, pretende-se, nos três capítulos que estruturam o artigo, analisar, a partir da dinâmica institucional do Poder Judiciário, quais institutos de participação e democratização foram efetivamente aplicados em nossa prática forense para, a partir dos dados, refletir sobre a cultura jurídica processual brasileira e suas tensões com o conteúdo normativo do Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Para tanto, utiliza-se no trabalho o método qualitativo-documental e quantitativo para coleta de dados e o método indutivo de investigação para refletir acerca dos dados coletados.
ERICH FROMM E A CRÍTICA DA PENA: APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE PSICANÁLISE E CRIMINOLOGIA DESDE A TEORIA CRÍTICA DA SOCIEDADE
Authors: Carvalho Salo De
Published: August 2019

O ensaio objetiva explorar a obra criminológica de Erich Fromm, fundamentalmente estabelecer parâmetros conceituais para análise e crítica das tradicionais teorias de legitimação da pena a partir da abordagem dialética e interdisciplinar fornecida pela teoria crítica da sociedade. Fromm, ao enlaçar a criminologia (sociologia do desvio e do controle social) à psicanálise e ao questionar, desde fora do direito penal, as funções declaradas da sanção penal nas sociedades contemporâneas, permite redimensionar e atualizar as indagações sobre a funcionalidade do sistema de justiça criminal, mais especificamente sobre os efeitos concretos que a pena produz na prevenção do crime. Neste sentido, a presente investigação é dividida em duas partes: (primeira) a exploração das condições epistemológicas e metodológicas do diálogo entre criminologia e psicanálise; e (segunda) o questionamento dos discursos oficiais de justificação da pena na modernidade
EL DERECHO PENAL Y LA CRIMINOLOGÍA: LA EDAD MEDIA NO HA TERMINADO
Authors: Zaffaroni Eugenio Raul
Published: August 2019

Trata-se de uma lectio doctoralis, realizada na Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata (Corrientes, Argentina), por força da concessão do título de doutor Honoris Causa, e trata do tema da criminologia desde o período da Idade Média e do Iluminismo até a contemporaneidade. Na oportunidade, são analisadas diversas correntes criminológicas que foram sendo defendidas ao longo dos séculos, demonstrando a evolução desse pensamento dentro do direito penal e da própria criminologia, e possibilitando a percepção dos reflexos dessas visões no poder punitivo e na constituição das formas de Estado. Conclui-se que, mesmo com os avanços dos estudos na área da criminologia e da formação do Estado Social, ainda se busca legitimar um poder punitivo maior para aqueles tidos como inimigos.
Experimental removal of introduced slider turtles offers new insight into competition with a native, threatened turtle
Authors: Lambert Max R. , McKenzie Jennifer M. , Screen Robyn M. , Clause Adam G. , Johnson Benjamin B. , Mount Genevieve G. , Shaffer H Bradley , Pauly Gregory B.
Published: August 2019

The red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans; RES) is often considered one of the world’s most invasive species. Results from laboratory and mesocosm experiments suggest that introduced RES outcompete native turtles for key ecological resources, but such experiments can overestimate the strength of competition. We report on the first field experiment with a wild turtle community, involving introduced RES and a declining native species of conservation concern, the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata; WPT). Using a before/after experimental design, we show that after removing most of an introduced RES population, the remaining RES dramatically shifted their spatial basking distribution in a manner consistent with strong intraspecific competition. WPT also altered their spatial basking distribution after the RES removal, but in ways inconsistent with strong interspecific competition. However, we documented reduced levels of WPT basking post-removal, which may reflect a behavioral shift attributable to the lower density of the turtle community. WPT body condition also increased after we removed RES, consistent with either indirect or direct competition between WPT and RES and providing the first evidence that RES can compete with a native turtle in the wild. We conclude that the negative impacts on WPT basking by RES in natural contexts are more limited than suggested by experiments with captive turtles, although wild WPT do appear to compete for food with introduced RES. Our results highlight the importance of manipulative field experiments when studying biological invasions, and the potential value of RES removal as a management strategy for WPT.
MitochondrialDNA: Fate of the Paternal Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: St John Justin C , Sutovsky Peter
Published: August 2019

The mitochondrial genome encodes key proteins of the electron transfer chain, which generates the vast majority of cellular adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation. This genome is normally transmitted to subsequent generations through the oocyte and is thus maternally inherited. Sperm mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) is normally eliminated early during embryonic development, but this tends to be species specific. There are several interconnected mechanisms that could account for its elimination, including ubiquitin depended proteolysis, mtDNA digestion by a dedicated endonuclease and whole organelle autophagy/mitophagy. The elimination of sperm mitochondrial DNA is essential for the functional integrity of the embryo, and for the health, fitness and fertility of the offspring. Sperm mtDNA appears to harbour a large number of defects, whereas maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA rearrangements appear to be transmitted at a very low frequency. However, there is an increasing number of assisted reproductive technologies and therapies that could lead to the transmission of paternal/foreign mitochondrial DNA and this requires significant investigation.

Key Concepts

Mitochondria are semi‐autonomous energy‐producing organelles with their own genome (mitochondrial DNA/mtDNA) and transcriptional and translational machinery.

Mitochondrial health influences fitness, health and fertility in humans and animals.

In most animals and in humans, mitochondria and mitochondrial genomes are inherited clonally, from mother (the concept of ‘mitochondrial Eve’), though exceptions exist.

Paternal mitochondria enter the oocyte at fertilisation but are eliminated soon thereafter by the ooplasmic autophagy/mitophagy machinery.

Sperm‐borne (paternal) mitochondria are predestined for proteolysis and mitophagy as they are tagged with the recycling marker ubiquitin during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis.

Elimination of paternal mitochondria is essential for an individual's health as it prevents the transmission of harmful mtDNA mutations and deletions.

Paternal mitochondrial heteroplasmy caused by the leakage/recycling failure of sperm mitochondria after fertilisation has been associated with mitochondrial disease in humans.

Some assisted reproductive therapies (ART) such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be liable to convey paternal mitochondrial leakage, though there is no consistent screening for it ART children.
A globally convergent direct adaptive pole‐placement controller for nonminimum phase systems with relaxed excitation assumptions
Authors: Pyrkin Anton , Ortega Romeo , Gromov Vladislav , Bobtsov Alexey , Vedyakov Alexey
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose the first solution to the long‐standing problem of designing a globally convergent direct adaptive pole‐placement controller for linear, time‐invariant discrete‐time systems with arbitrary zeros that does not rely on persistency of excitation assumptions. As is well known, the main difficulty of this design is that it involves the estimation of parameters that enter nonlinearly in the regression model. This problem can be overcome introducing an overparameterized representation of the system, which imposes very strict persistency of excitation conditions to prove the parameter convergence. The latter is avoided here using a new version of the dynamic regressor extension and mixing parameter estimator recently proposed in the literature. The main feature of this estimator is that it generates, out of an m‐dimensional vector regression, m scalar regression models. This property allows us to estimate only the controller parameters of interest for the adaptive implementation, whose convergence is ensured under assumptions that are strictly weaker than the classical persistency of excitation requirement. Simulation results that illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme are also presented.
Deeply Subwavelength Metasurface Resonators for Terahertz Wavefront Manipulation
Authors: Liu Mingkai , Yang Quanlong , Rifat Ahmmed A. , Raj Vidur , Komar Andrei , Han Jiaguang , Rahmani Mohsen , Hattori Haroldo T. , Neshev Dragomir , Powell David A. , Shadrivov Ilya V.
Published: August 2019

Metasurfaces offer a highly flexible platform for controlling the propagation and localization of electromagnetic waves. Due to the relatively large size of commonly used resonators, various undesirable effects including spatial dispersion and spurious diffraction occur, thus limiting the metasurface performance. To overcome these problems, one straightforward approach is to utilize deeply subwavelength metaunits. In contrast to conventional approaches that minimize the resonator size by reshaping the metallic patches, the capacitive gaps are reshaped, an approach which is more robust to material loss, minimizing the problem of overdamping. As an example, a novel design based on interdigital capacitors (meander gap) is introduced with extremely subwavelength gaps for use in the terahertz frequency range. The size of the new resonator can be reduced to below λ/30 in a reflective‐type terahertz metasurface, while maintaining the 2 phase shift required for full wavefront control. Using an advanced electron‐beam lithography technique, a proof‐of‐concept experiment is performed and a 5 mm × 5 mm beam deflector is fabricated, with the capacitive gaps as small as 300 nm (≈λ/1130). The device performance is characterized using angle‐resolved time‐domain spectroscopy. The study provides useful insight for ultracompact metadevices based on deeply subwavelength metaunits working at terahertz frequencies and beyond.
Single Molecule Magnetism with Strong Magnetic Anisotropy and Enhanced Dy∙∙∙Dy Coupling in Three Isomers of Dy‐Oxide Clusterfullerene Dy2O@C82
Authors: Yang Wei , Velkos Georgios , Liu Fupin , Sudarkova Svetlana M. , Wang Yaofeng , Zhuang Jiaxin , Zhang Hanning , Li Xiang , Zhang Xingxing , Büchner Bernd , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A. , Chen Ning
Published: August 2019

A new class of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) based on Dy‐oxide clusterfullerenes is synthesized. Three isomers of Dy2O@C82 with Cs(6), C3v(8), and C2v(9) cage symmetries are characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which shows that the endohedral Dy−(µ2‐O)−Dy cluster has bent shape with very short Dy−O bonds. Dy2O@C82 isomers show SMM behavior with broad magnetic hysteresis, but the temperature and magnetization relaxation depend strongly on the fullerene cage. The short Dy−O distances and the large negative charge of the oxide ion in Dy2O@C82 result in the very strong magnetic anisotropy of Dy ions. Their magnetic moments are aligned along the Dy−O bonds and are antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled. At low temperatures, relaxation of magnetization in Dy2O@C82 proceeds via the ferromagnetically (FM)‐coupled excited state, giving Arrhenius behavior with the effective barriers equal to the AFM‐FM energy difference. The AFM‐FM energy differences of 5.4–12.9 cm−1 in Dy2O@C82 are considerably larger than in SMMs with {Dy2O2} bridges, and the Dy∙∙∙Dy exchange coupling in Dy2O@C82 is the strongest among all dinuclear Dy SMMs with diamagnetic bridges. Dy‐oxide clusterfullerenes provide a playground for the further tuning of molecular magnetism via variation of the size and shape of the fullerene cage.
Moderne Holzbrücken planen, bauen, erhalten – Teil 1: Bauwerksentwurf
Authors: Simon Antje , Jahreis Markus G. , Koch Johannes , Arndt Ralf W.
Published: August 2019

Die effiziente Planung und Errichtung dauerhafter Bauwerke wird durch die Anwendung von Regelwerken, die auf dem aktuellen Stand der Technik basieren, ermöglicht. Im Brückenbau stehen umfangreiche Richtlinien für Stahlbeton‐, Spannbeton‐, Stahl‐ und Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundbrücken zur Verfügung. Für Holzbrücken gilt das nicht. Für die materialgerechte Planung, den Bau, die Unterhaltung und die Prüfung von Holzbrücken fehlen Regelwerke. Um den daraus resultierenden erheblichen Wettbewerbsnachteil für den Holzbrückenbau aufzuheben, wurde an der Fachhochschule Erfurt das Forschungsvorhaben „Protected Timber Bridges (ProTimB)“ initiiert. Ziel des Vorhabens war die Erarbeitung einheitlicher Richtlinien für den Entwurf, die Baudurchführung und die Erhaltung geschützter Holzbrücken in Anlehnung an die für die anderen Baustoffe anerkannten und eingeführten Regelwerke.

In zwei Beiträgen werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieses Forschungsvorhabens vorgestellt. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Inhalte des gesamten Projekts und präsentiert die neuen Richtlinien für den Entwurf geschützter Holzbrücken. Im Fokus stehen dabei die neuen Musterzeichnungen und Hinweise zum konstruktiven Holzschutz. Die neuen Richtlinien für den Entwurf geschützter Holzbrücken unterstützen zukünftig die planenden Ingenieure bei der Konstruktion langlebiger Brücken aus Holz und leisten damit einen Beitrag zur Renaissance des Holzbrückenbaus.
Surface Modification of a Supported Pt Catalyst Using Ionic Liquids for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols into Arenes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ohta Hidetoshi , Tobayashi Kanako , Kuroo Akihiro , Nakatsuka Mao , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Fukuoka Atsushi , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Murayama Haruno , Tokunaga Makoto , Hayashi Minoru
Published: August 2019

The selective and efficient removal of oxygenated groups from lignin‐derived phenols is a critical challenge to utilize lignin as a source for renewable aromatic chemicals. This report describes how surface modification of a zeolite‐supported Pt catalyst using ionic liquids (ILs) remarkably increases selectivity for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenols into arenes under mild reaction conditions using atmospheric pressure H2. Unmodified Pt/H‐ZSM‐5 converts phenols into aliphatic species as the major products along with a slight amount of arenes (10 % selectivity). In contrast, the catalyst modified with an IL, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium triflate, keeps up to 76 % selectivity for arenes even at a nearly complete conversion of phenols. The IL on the surface of Pt catalyst may offer the adsorption of phenols in an edge‐to‐face manner onto the surface, thus accelerating the HDO without the ring hydrogenation.
A Diruthenium Complex of an N‐Pyridyl‐o‐aminophenol Derivative: A Route to Mixed Valency
Authors: Dutta Debarpan , Kundu Suman , Ghosh Prasanta
Published: August 2019

An N‐pyridyl‐o‐aminophenol derivative that stabilises mixed‐valence states of ruthenium ions is disclosed. A diruthenium complex, [(LIQ0)Ru2Cl5]⋅MeOH (1⋅MeOH) is successfully isolated, in which LIQ0 is the o‐iminobenzoquinone form of 2‐[(3‐nitropyridin‐2‐yl)amino]phenol (LAPH2). In 1, LIQ0 oriented towards one ruthenium centre is a non‐innocent NO‐donor redox ligand, whereas another oriented towards another ruthenium centre is an innocent pyridine‐donor redox ligand. Complex 1 is a diruthenium(II,III) mixed‐valence complex, [RuII(LIQ0)(μ‐Cl)2RuIII], with a minor contribution from the diruthenium(III,III) state. [RuIII(LISQ.−)(μ‐Cl)2RuIII] contains LISQ.−, which is the o‐iminobenzosemiquinonate anion radical form of the ligand. Complexes 1− and 1+ are diruthenium(II,II), [RuII(LIQ0)(μ‐Cl)2RuII], and diruthenium(III,III), [RuIII(LIQ0)(μ‐Cl)2RuIII], complexes, respectively, of LIQ0. Complex 12− is a diruthenium(II,II) complex of the o‐iminobenzosemiquinonate anion radical (LISQ.−), [RuII(LISQ.−)(μ‐Cl)2RuII], with a minor contribution from the diruthenium(III,II) form, [RuIII(LAP2−)(μ‐Cl)2RuII]. Complex 12+ is a diruthenium(III,IV) mixed‐valence complex of LIQ0, [RuIII(LIQ0)(μ‐Cl)2RuIV]. Complexes 1 and 12+ exhibit inter‐valence charge‐transfer transitions at λ=1300 and 1370 nm, respectively.
The virtual takeover: The influence of virtual reality on consumption
Authors: Lavoie Raymond , King Corey
Published: August 2019

Looking to current trends, this paper explores the influence of Virtual Reality (VR) on consumption. Specifically, we focus on the influence that VR has on consumer spending by suggesting that identities created in VR will influence consumption behaviour in the real world. While other forms of technology allow consumers to create alternative identities, we suggest that the unique aspects of VR, bolstered by forthcoming advances, will make identities created in VR relatively more self‐important and more salient in real world consumption. We also propose implications for marketing research and practice.
Elucidating Compound Mechanism of Action and Predicting Cytotoxicity Using Machine Learning Approaches, Taking Prediction Confidence into Account
Authors: Drakakis Georgios , Cortés‐Ciriano Isidro , Alexander‐Dann Ben , Bender Andreas
Published: August 2019

The modes of action (MoAs) of drugs frequently are unknown, because many are small molecules initially identified from phenotypic screens, giving rise to the need to elucidate their MoAs. In addition, the high attrition rate for candidate drugs in preclinical studies due to intolerable toxicity has motivated the development of computational approaches to predict drug candidate (cyto)toxicity as early as possible in the drug‐discovery process. Here, we provide detailed instructions for capitalizing on bioactivity predictions to elucidate the MoAs of small molecules and infer their underlying phenotypic effects. We illustrate how these predictions can be used to infer the underlying antidepressive effects of marketed drugs. We also provide the necessary functionalities to model cytotoxicity data using single and ensemble machine‐learning algorithms. Finally, we give detailed instructions on how to calculate confidence intervals for individual predictions using the conformal prediction framework. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing and building application‐centric parallel memories
Authors: Stramondo Giulio , Ciobanu Cătălin Bogdan , de Laat Cees , Varbanescu Ana Lucia
Published: August 2019

Memory bandwidth is a critical performance factor for many applications and architectures. Intuitively, a parallel memory could be a good solution for any bandwidth‐limited application, yet building application‐centric custom parallel memories remains a challenge. In this work, we present a comprehensive approach to tackle this challenge and demonstrate how to systematically design and implement application‐centric parallel memories. Specifically, our approach (1) analyzes the application memory access traces to extract parallel accesses, (2) configures our parallel memory for maximum performance, and (3) builds the actual application‐centric memory system. We further provide a simple performance prediction model for the constructed memory system. We evaluate our approach with two sets of experiments. First, we demonstrate how our parallel memories provide performance benefits for a broad range of memory access patterns. Second, we prove the feasibility of our approach and validate our performance model by implementing and benchmarking the designed parallel memories using FPGA hardware and a sparse version of the STREAM benchmark.
Ultimate Charge Extraction of Monolayer PbS Quantum Dot for Observation of Multiple Exciton Generation
Authors: Park So‐Yeon , Han Sehoon , Kim Younghoon , Jung Sohee , Kim Dong Hoe , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: August 2019

Multiple exciton generation (MEG) has great potential to improve the Shockley‐Queisser (S‐Q) efficiency limitation for colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells. However, MEG has rarely been observed in CQD solar cells because of the loss of carriers through the transport mechanism between adjacent QDs. Herein, we demonstrate that excess charge carriers produced via MEG can be efficiently extracted using monolayer PbS QDs. The monolayer PbS QDs solar cells exhibit α=1 in the light intensity dependence of the short‐circuit current density Jsc (Jsc∝Iα) and an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) value of 100 % at 2.95 eV because of their very short charge extraction path. In addition, the measured MEG threshold is 2.23 times the bandgap energy (Eg), which is the lowest value in PbS QD solar cells. We believe that this approach can provide a simple method to find suitable CQD materials and design interface engineering for MEG.
Impact of Varying Parameters on the Temperature Gradients in 100 mm Silicon Carbide Bulk Growth in a Computer Simulation Validated by Experimental Results
Authors: Steiner Johannes , Arzig Matthias , Denisov Alexey , Wellmann Peter J.
Published: August 2019

The investigation of the interplay of experimental crystal growth runs and computer simulations of the physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process of silicon carbide (SiC) strongly supports the development of the growth technology toward larger crystalline diameters. To apply computer‐aided designs of the growth process, a material database is developed that enables quantitative calculations of the temperature distribution inside the growth setup. The model utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics is validated by experimental means using five 100 mm SiC crystal growth runs, two measurement runs in a 100 mm PVT setup, and one SiC crystal growth run in a 75 mm PVT setup, varying in power, pressure, coil position, and reactor geometry. Material data are varied and the impact on the thermal gradients is investigated to trace out critical and noncritical parameters for the accuracy of the simulation. The influence of ambient pressure on the isolation's performance is studied experimentally and this correlation is implemented into the model. Beyond the state of the art, this work presents a modeling approach and handling of material properties for a true scale up of the current 100 mm and 150 mm SiC sublimation growth technologies to 200 mm.
Maternal responsivity and oxytocin in opioid‐dependent mothers
Authors: Daigle Katrina M. , Heller Nicole A. , Sulinski Ella J. , Shim Juyoung , Lindblad William , Brown Mark S. , Gosse Julie A. , Hayes Marie J.
Published: August 2019

Although prenatal opioid exposure and postnatal withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome) are associated with infant neurobehavioral deficits, little is known about the impact of continued maternal opioid treatment in the postnatal period on maternal responsivity and relationship to mother's oxytocin release during dyadic interactions in the Still Face paradigm. Mother and infant dyads (N = 14) were recruited and comprised of mothers on opioid replacement throughout pregnancy and postpartum (opioid‐exposed group, n = 7) and a demographically controlled, non‐exposed group (n = 7). Salivary oxytocin was collected following 10 min of infant separation before and immediately after a 6‐min Still Face paradigm. Oxytocin measures correlated strongly with sensitive and prosocial maternal behaviors in response to infant initiation. Opioid‐exposed compared to non‐exposed mothers had significantly lower pre‐test to post‐test rise in salivary oxytocin concentration level as well as fewer sensitive behaviors during the reunion condition of the Still Face paradigm. Maternal opioid dependence during early infancy may impair maternal responsivity and sensitivity through suppression of the oxytocin reflex to infant stimulation.
Diel patterning in the bacterial community associated with the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Leach Whitney B. , Carrier Tyler J. , Reitzel Adam M.
Published: August 2019

Microbes can play an important role in the physiology of animals by providing essential nutrients, inducing immune pathways, and influencing the specific species that compose the microbiome through competitive or facilitatory interactions. The community of microbes associated with animals can be dynamic depending on the local environment, and factors that influence the composition of the microbiome are essential to our understanding of how microbes may influence the biology of their animal hosts. Regularly repeated changes in the environment, such as diel lighting, can result in two different organismal responses: a direct response to the presence and absence of exogenous light and endogenous rhythms resulting from a molecular circadian clock, both of which can influence the associated microbiota. Here, we report how diel lighting and a potential circadian clock impacts the diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the model cnidarian Nematostella vectensis using an amplicon‐based sequencing approach. Comparisons of bacterial communities associated with anemones cultured in constant darkness and in light:dark conditions revealed that individuals entrained in the dark had a more diverse microbiota. Overall community composition showed little variation over a 24‐hr period in either treatment; however, abundances of individual bacterial OTUs showed significant cycling in each treatment. A comparative analysis of genes involved in the innate immune system of cnidarians showed differential expression between lighting conditions in N. vectensis, with significant up‐regulation during long‐term darkness for a subset of genes. Together, our studies support a hypothesis that the bacterial community associated with this species is relatively stable under diel light conditions when compared with static conditions and that particular bacterial members may have time‐dependent abundance that coincides with the diel photoperiod in an otherwise stable community.