bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective cognitive failures and their psychological correlates in a large Italian sample during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19
Authors: Santangelo Gabriella , Baldassarre Ivana , Barbaro Andrea , Cavallo Nicola Davide , Cropano Maria , Maggi Gianpaolo , Nappo Raffaele , Trojano Luigi , Raimo Simona
Published: April 2021

Objective

The quarantine/self-isolation measures implemented to retard the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may negatively affect the mental health of the population. The present study aimed to explore the impact of the psychological symptoms on the occurrence of cognitive failures in a large sample of home-dwelling Italian individuals during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19.

Methods

We employed an online questionnaire using a virtual platform of Google Moduli. The questionnaire included an assessment of cognitive failures evaluated by the Perceived Memory and Attentional Failures Questionnaire (PerMAFaQ) and of resilience, coping style, depression, anger, and anxiety.

Results

The online questionnaire was completed by 4175 participants revealing that about 30% of participants complained of cognitive failures at least sometimes during quarantine/self-isolation, whereas some respondents reported very frequent cognitive failures. Moreover, resilience was found to mediate the relationships between depressive and anger symptoms and cognitive failures. Although no difference was found on PerMAFaQ among smart-workers, non-smart-workers, and those currently not at work, people not working at the moment complained of more frequent cognitive failures.

Conclusions

These findings indicate the need to implement psychological support intervention, particularly for vulnerable groups, to reduce anxiety, depression, and anger, and of psychoeducational interventions to enhance resilience reducing possible long-term cognitive consequences of the quarantine.
The Panoramic ECAP Method: Estimating Patient-Specific Patterns of Current Spread and Neural Health in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Garcia Charlotte , Goehring Tobias , Cosentino Stefano , Turner Richard E. , Deeks John M. , Brochier Tim , Rughooputh Taren , Bance Manohar , Carlyon Robert P.
Published: April 2021

The knowledge of patient-specific neural excitation patterns from cochlear implants (CIs) can provide important information for optimizing efficacy and improving speech perception outcomes. The Panoramic ECAP (‘PECAP’) method (Cosentino et al. 2015) uses forward-masked electrically evoked compound action-potentials (ECAPs) to estimate neural activation patterns of CI stimulation. The algorithm requires ECAPs be measured for all combinations of probe and masker electrodes, exploiting the fact that ECAP amplitudes reflect the overlapping excitatory areas of both probes and maskers. Here we present an improved version of the PECAP algorithm that imposes biologically realistic constraints on the solution, that, unlike the previous version, produces detailed estimates of neural activation patterns by modelling current spread and neural health along the intracochlear electrode array and is capable of identifying multiple regions of poor neural health. The algorithm was evaluated for reliability and accuracy in three ways: (1) computer-simulated current-spread and neural-health scenarios, (2) comparisons to psychophysical correlates of neural health and electrode-modiolus distances in human CI users, and (3) detection of simulated neural ‘dead’ regions (using forward masking) in human CI users. The PECAP algorithm reliably estimated the computer-simulated scenarios. A moderate but significant negative correlation between focused thresholds and the algorithm’s neural-health estimates was found, consistent with previous literature. It also correctly identified simulated ‘dead’ regions in all seven CI users evaluated. The revised PECAP algorithm provides an estimate of neural excitation patterns in CIs that could be used to inform and optimize CI stimulation strategies for individual patients in clinical settings.
Correction to: What Is Frailty? Perspectives from Chinese Clinicians and Older Immigrants in New Zealand
Authors: Cheung Gary , Gee Susan , Jamieson Hamish A. , Bergler Hans Ulrich
Published: April 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s10823-021-09429-9
Energy loss separation in NiFeMo compacts with smoothed powders according to Landgraf’s and Bertotti’s theories
Authors: Olekšáková Denisa , Kollár Peter , Jakubčin Miloš , Füzer Ján , Tkáč Martin , Slovenský Peter , Bureš Radovan , Fáberová Mária
Published: April 2021

This submitted paper presents the detailed description of the energy loss separation for dc and ac low-frequency magnetic fields of NiFeMo (supermalloy) compacted powder prepared by innovative method of smoothing the surfaces of individual particles. The positive impact of mechanical treatment method on domain wall displacement is explained on the basis of Landgraf approach for dc loss analysis, and the effective dimension for eddy current in ac magnetic field is explained according to Bertotti approach for core loss analysis.
Physiological MRI Biomarkers in the Differentiation Between Glioblastomas and Solitary Brain Metastases
Authors: Heynold Elisabeth , Zimmermann Max , Hore Nirjhar , Buchfelder Michael , Doerfler Arnd , Stadlbauer Andreas , Kremenevski Natalia
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Glioblastomas (GB) and solitary brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumors in adults. GB and BM may appear similar in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). Their management strategies, however, are quite different with significant consequences on clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a previously presented physiological MRI approach scoping to obtain quantitative information about microvascular architecture and perfusion, neovascularization activity, and oxygen metabolism to differentiate GB from BM.

Procedures

Thirty-three consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, untreated, and histopathologically confirmed GB or BM were preoperatively examined with our physiological MRI approach as part of the cMRI protocol.

Results

Physiological MRI biomarker maps revealed several significant differences in the pathophysiology of GB and BM: Central necrosis was more hypoxic in GB than in BM (30 %; P = 0.036), which was associated with higher neovascularization activity (65 %; P = 0.043) and metabolic rate of oxygen (48 %; P = 0.004) in the adjacent contrast-enhancing viable tumor parts of GB. In peritumoral edema, GB infiltration caused neovascularization activity (93 %; P = 0.018) and higher microvascular perfusion (30 %; P = 0.022) associated with higher tissue oxygen tension (33 %; P = 0.020) and lower oxygen extraction from vasculature (32 %; P = 0.040).

Conclusion

Our physiological MRI approach, which requires only 7 min of extra data acquisition time, might be helpful to noninvasively distinguish GB and BM based on pathophysiological differences. However, further studies including more patients are required.
Progress Towards Using Linked Population-Based Data For Geohealth Research: Comparisons Of Aotearoa New Zealand And The United Kingdom
Authors: Oldroyd R. A. , Hobbs M. , Campbell M. , Jenneson V. , Marek L. , Morris M. A. , Pontin F. , Sturley C. , Tomintz M. , Wiki J. , Birkin M. , Kingham S. , Wilson M.
Published: April 2021

Globally, geospatial concepts are becoming increasingly important in epidemiological and public health research. Individual level linked population-based data afford researchers with opportunities to undertake complex analyses unrivalled by other sources. However, there are significant challenges associated with using such data for impactful geohealth research. Issues range from extracting, linking and anonymising data, to the translation of findings into policy whilst working to often conflicting agendas of government and academia. Innovative organisational partnerships are therefore central to effective data use. To extend and develop existing collaborations between the institutions, in June 2019, authors from the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and the Alan Turing Institute, London, visited the Geohealth Laboratory based at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. This paper provides an overview of insight shared during a two-day workshop considering aspects of linked population-based data for impactful geohealth research. Specifically, we discuss both the collaborative partnership between New Zealand’s Ministry of Health (MoH) and the University of Canterbury’s GeoHealth Lab and novel infrastructure, and commercial partnerships enabled through the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics and the Alan Turing Institute in the UK. We consider the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure as a case study approach to population-based linked health data and compare similar approaches taken by the UK towards integrated data infrastructures, including the ESRC Big Data Network centres, the UK Biobank, and longitudinal cohorts. We reflect on and compare the geohealth landscapes in New Zealand and the UK to set out recommendations and considerations for this rapidly evolving discipline.
Virological COVID-19 surveillance in Bavaria, Germany suggests no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to the first German case in January 2020
Authors: Eberle Ute , Heinzinger Susanne , Konrad Regina , Wimmer Clara , Liebl Bernhard , Katz Katharina , Ackermann Nikolaus , Sing Andreas ,   Bavarian SARS-CoV-Public Health Laboratory and Epidemiology Team, Bengs Katja , Berger Anja , Böhm Stefanie , Böhmer Merle , Dangel Alexandra , Fingerle Volker , Hepner Sabrina , Hobmaier Bernhard , Hoch Martin , Lupoli Gaia , Margos Gabriele , Marosevic Durdica V. , Treis Mercy Okeyo Bianca , Woudenberg Tom
Published: April 2021

The Bavarian Influenza Sentinel (BIS) monitors the annual influenza season by combining virological and epidemiological data. The 2019/2020 influenza season overlapped with the beginning COVID-19 pandemic thus allowing to investigate whether there was an unnoticed spread of SARS-CoV-2 among outpatients with acute respiratory infections in the community prior to the first COVID-19 cluster in Bavaria. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed oropharyngeal swabs obtained in BIS between calendar week (CW) 39 in 2019 and CW 14 in 2020 for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. 610 of all 1376 BIS swabs-contained sufficient material to test for SARS-CoV-2, among them 260 oropharyngeal swabs which were collected prior to the first notified German COVID-19 case in CW 04/2020. In none of these swabs SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected suggesting no SARS-CoV-2 spread prior to late January 2020 in Bavaria.
A min-max characterization of Zoll Riemannian metrics
Authors: MAZZUCCHELLI MARCO , SUHR STEFAN
Published: April 2021

We characterise the Zoll Riemannian metrics on a given simply connected spin closed manifold as those Riemannian metrics for which two suitable min-max values in a finite dimensional loop space coincide. We also show that on odd dimensional Riemannian spheres, when certain pairs of min-max values in the loop space coincide, every point lies on a closed geodesic.
„… darum rufe ich jetzt den Rettungsdienst!“
Authors: Poeck Juliane , Bretschneider Carsten , Freihoff Silke , Günther Andreas , Hasseler Martina , Schneider Nils , Bleidorn Jutta , Schwabe Sven
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Notfälle in Pflegeheimen führen zu einer hohen Anzahl von Rettungsdiensteinsätzen und Krankenhauszuweisungen. Eine umfassende interprofessionelle Perspektive auf Notfälle in Pflegeheimen ist bislang wenig untersucht. Ziel: Charakterisierung, Identifizierung und Priorisierung von Notfallszenarien nach Relevanz und Häufigkeit in Pflegeheimen. Methoden: Zwei multimethodale berufsgruppenübergreifende Gruppendiskussionen wurden mit insgesamt 18 Teilnehmenden aus Pflege, Medizin und Wissenschaft im Januar und Februar 2020 durchgeführt. Die Gruppendiskussionen wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch nach Mayring ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Notfallszenarien in Pflegeheimen entstehen aus einem Zusammenspiel von personenbezogenen Anlässen und Kontextbedingungen. Als wesentliche personenbezogene Anlässe wurden genannt: Sturz, entgleiste Vitalwerte, auffälliges Verhalten, neurologische Symptome und Leblosigkeit. Kontextbedingungen gliedern sich in organisatorisch-strukturelle, politisch-rechtliche und ethische Aspekte. Als besonders relevant stellten sich unzureichende Kommunikation zwischen den Akteuren, Unsicherheiten beim Personal, fehlende Patientenverfügungen und Arbeitsverdichtung in der Pflege heraus. Schlussfolgerungen: Notfälle in Pflegeheimen stellen sich als komplexe Notfallszenarien dar. Kontextbedingungen sind bedeutsam für den Umgang mit Notfallszenarien in Pflegeheimen. Handlungsempfehlungen sollten sich an der Perspektive der in der Notfallversorgung beteiligten Akteure orientieren und die Kontextbedingungen stärker berücksichtigen.
Precarious Care and (Dis)Connections
Authors: Crafter Sarah , Rosen Rachel , Meetoo Veena
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Adult stakeholders who work with separated child migrants (SCMs) face a substantial challenge to their capacity or remit to care amid increasingly hostile immigration environments. This paper explores a diverse range of adult stakeholders' understandings of the care of SCMs, filling an important gap in understanding how care is conceptualized by those working in often complex and contradictory positions. Drawing on the care literature, this study focuses on 15 qualitative semistructured interviews with state and nonstate adult stakeholders in England (e.g., social work, law, police, and NGO workers). We argue that stringent immigration practices, policies, and bureaucratic and structural challenges undoubtedly present personal tensions and professional constraints for those whose role is meant to foreground “care.” Importantly, when taking into account a range of different perspectives, roles, and responsibilities across professions and sectors, our respondents were constrained in varying ways or had varying room to maneuver within their institutional contexts. Our analysis suggests that amid a hostile immigration environment, care connections with and between SCMs are treated with mistrust and are unstable over space and time. We argue that how care is conceptualized and experienced is mutually constituted by hostile policies and procedures, adult stakeholders' roles within or out-with those systems, and their personal values and perspectives. It is within this space where constraints, enablers, and resistances play out. Care is subjectively experienced, and care relationships are open to potential (dis)connection across space and time.
Mapping the Vulnerability of Arctic Wetlands to Global Warming
Authors: Kåresdotter Elisie , Destouni Georgia , Ghajarnia Navid , Hugelius Gustaf , Kalantari Zahra
Published: April 2021

Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services of local and global importance, but currently there exists no comprehensive, high‐quality wetland map for the Arctic region. Improved information about Arctic wetland extents and their vulnerability to climate change is essential for adaptation and mitigation efforts, including for indigenous people dependent on the ecosystem services that wetlands provide, as inadequate planning could result in dire consequences for societies and ecosystems alike. Synthesizing high‐resolution wetland databases and datasets on soil wetness and soil types from multiple sources, we created the first high‐resolution map with full coverage of Arctic wetlands. We assess the vulnerability of Arctic wetlands for the years 2050, 2075, and 2100, using datasets on permafrost extent, soil types, and projected mean annual air temperature from the HadGEM2‐ES climate model for three change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Our mapping shows that wetlands cover approximately 3.5 million km2 or roughly 25% of Arctic landmass and 99% of these wetlands are in permafrost areas, indicating considerable vulnerability to future climate change. Unless global warming is limited to scenario RCP2.6, robust results show that large areas of Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to ecosystem regime shifts. If scenario RCP8.5 becomes a reality, at least 50% of the Arctic wetland area would be highly vulnerable to regime shifts with considerable adverse impacts on human health, infrastructure, economics, ecosystems, and biodiversity. The developed wetland and vulnerability maps can aid planning and prioritization of the most vulnerable areas for protection and mitigation of change.
New Megathrust Locking Model for the Southern Kurile Subduction Zone Incorporating Viscoelastic Relaxation and Non‐Uniform Compliance of Upper Plate
Authors: Itoh Yuji , Nishimura Takuya , Wang Kelin , He Jiangheng
Published: April 2021

Dense Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations enable the development of megathrust interseismic locking models for the southern Kurile subduction zone where many great earthquakes have occurred. Inversion of these data assuming uniform elastic Earth has yielded slip deficit rates that are unreasonably high and/or full locking depth that is unreasonably large. Using the finite element method, here we construct a new Kurile locking model that includes interseismic viscoelastic stress relaxation and non‐uniform compliance of the elastic upper plate. Inverting the same geodetic data using the new subduction zone model alleviates the previously seen unreasonable features in inferred megathrust locking state. In the new model, full locking extends to shallower depths than the downdip limit of some large megathrust earthquakes including the 2003 Mw 8.0 Tokachi‐oki earthquake, supporting the notion of the shrinking of the locked area before the earthquakes and/or propagation of seismic rupture into creeping areas as previously predicted by friction or dynamic rupture models. By modeling the effects of a few recent M 8 earthquakes, we show that postseismic transients of recent earthquakes, although second‐order, should be addressed in deriving megathrust locking models. The locking state near the trench cannot be resolved by the land‐based GNSS data regardless of the improved model rheology and structure, although independent observations, such as slow earthquakes, may be used to speculate on the near‐trench locking state in various part of the margin in the absence of seafloor geodetic observations.
Scaling of Shear‐Generated Turbulence: The Equatorial Thermocline, a Case Study
Authors: Richards K. J. , Natarov A. , Carter G. S.
Published: April 2021

We formulate an expression for the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, ϵ, associated with shear‐generated turbulence in terms of quantities in the ocean or atmosphere that, depending on the situation, may be measurable or resolved in models. The expression depends on the turbulent vertical length scale, ℓv, the inverse time scale N, and the Richardson number Ri = N2/S2, where S is the vertical shear, with ℓv scaled in a way consistent with theories and observations of stratified turbulence. Unlike previous studies, the focus is not so much on the functional form of Ri, but the vertical variation of the length scale ℓv. Using data from two ∼7‐day time series in the western equatorial Pacific, the scaling is compared with the observed ϵ. The scaling works well with the estimated ϵ capturing the differences in amplitude and vertical distribution of the observed ϵ between the two times series. Much of those differences are attributable to changes in the vertical distribution of the length scale ℓv, and in particular the associated turbulent velocity scale, ut. We relate ut to a measure of the fine‐scale variations in velocity, . Our study highlights the need to consider the length scale and its estimation in environmental flows. The implications for the vertical variation of the associated turbulent diffusivity are discussed.
Where are Mars’ Hypothesized Ocean Shorelines? Large Lateral and Topographic Offsets Between Different Versions of Paleoshoreline Maps
Authors: Sholes Steven F. , Dickeson Zachary I. , Montgomery David R. , Catling David C.
Published: April 2021

Mars’ controversial hypothesized ocean shorelines have been found to deviate significantly from an expected equipotential surface. While multiple deformation models have been proposed to explain the wide range of elevations, here we show that the historical locations used in the literature and in these models vary widely. We find that the most commonly used version of the Arabia Level does not follow the originally described contact and can deviate laterally by ∼500 km in Deuteronilus Mensae. A meta‐analysis of different published maps shows that, globally, the minimum lateral offsets between the locations of the putative Arabia and Deuteronilus shorelines vary by an average of 141 ± 142 km and 180 ± 177 km, respectively. This leads to mean elevations of the Arabia Level that vary by up to 2.2 km between different mappings, and topographic ranges within each global mapping ranging from 2.7 to 7.7 km. The younger Deuteronilus Level has less topographic variation as it largely follows a formal contact (the Vastitas Borealis Formation) within the relatively flat northern plains. Given the high variance in position (spatial and topographic) of the maps, the use of such data and conclusions based on them are potentially problematic.
The Common Representative Intermediates Mechanism Version 2 in the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols Model
Authors: Archer‐Nicholls S. , Abraham N. L. , Shin Y. M. , Weber J. , Russo M. R. , Lowe D. , Utembe S. R. , O'Connor F. M. , Kerridge B. , Latter B. , Siddans R. , Jenkin M. , Wild O. , Archibald A. T.
Published: April 2021

We document the implementation of the Common Representative Intermediates Mechanism version 2, reduction 5 into the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol model (UKCA) version 10.9. The mechanism is merged with the stratospheric chemistry already used by the StratTrop mechanism, as used in UKCA and the UK Earth System Model, to create a new CRI‐Strat mechanism. CRI‐Strat simulates a more comprehensive treatment of non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and provides traceability with the Master Chemical Mechanism. In total, CRI‐Strat simulates the chemistry of 233 species competing in 613 reactions (compared to 87 species and 305 reactions in the existing StratTrop mechanism). However, while more than twice as complex than StratTrop, the new mechanism is only 75% more computationally expensive. CRI‐Strat is evaluated against an array of in situ and remote sensing observations and simulations using the StratTrop mechanism in the UKCA model. It is found to increase production of ozone near the surface, leading to higher ozone concentrations compared to surface observations. However, ozone loss is also greater in CRI‐Strat, leading to less ozone away from emission sources and a similar tropospheric ozone burden compared to StratTrop. CRI‐Strat also produces more carbon monoxide than StratTrop, particularly downwind of biogenic VOC emission sources, but has lower burdens of nitrogen oxides as more is converted into reservoir species. The changes to tropospheric ozone and nitrogen budgets are sensitive to the treatment of NMVOC emissions, highlighting the need to reduce uncertainty in these emissions to improve representation of tropospheric chemical composition.
Using Gradient Boosting Regression to Improve Ambient Solar Wind Model Predictions
Authors: Bailey R. L. , Reiss M. A. , Arge C. N. , Möstl C. , Henney C. J. , Owens M. J. , Amerstorfer U. V. , Amerstorfer T. , Weiss A. J. , Hinterreiter J.
Published: April 2021

Studying the ambient solar wind, a continuous pressure‐driven plasma flow emanating from our Sun, is an important component of space weather research. The ambient solar wind flows in interplanetary space determine how solar storms evolve through the heliosphere before reaching Earth, and especially during solar minimum are themselves a driver of activity in the Earth's magnetic field. Accurately forecasting the ambient solar wind flow is therefore imperative to space weather awareness. Here, we present a machine learning approach in which solutions from magnetic models of the solar corona are used to output the solar wind conditions near the Earth. The results are compared to observations and existing models in a comprehensive validation analysis, and the new model outperforms existing models in almost all measures. In addition, this approach offers a new perspective to discuss the role of different input data to ambient solar wind modeling, and what this tells us about the underlying physical processes. The final model discussed here represents an extremely fast, well‐validated and open‐source approach to the forecasting of ambient solar wind at Earth.
Toward Improved Comparisons Between Land‐Surface‐Water‐Area Estimates From a Global River Model and Satellite Observations
Authors: Zhou Xudong , Prigent Catherine , Yamazaki Dai
Published: April 2021

Land surface water is a key component of the global water cycle. Compared to remote sensing by satellites, both temporal extension and spatial continuity are superior in modeling of water surface area. However, overall evaluation of models representing different kinds of surface waters at the global scale is lacking. We estimated land surface water area (LSWA) using the Catchment‐based Macro‐scale Floodplain model (CaMa‐Flood), a global hydrodynamic model, and compared the estimates with Landsat at 3″ resolution (∼90 m at the equator) globally. Results show that the two methodologies show agreement in the general spatial patterns of LSWA (e.g., major rivers and lakes, open‐to‐sky floodplains), but globally consistent mismatches are found under several land surface conditions. CaMa‐Flood underestimates LSWA in high northern latitudes and coastal areas, as the presence of isolated lakes in local depressions or small coastal rivers is not considered by the model's physical assumptions. In contrast, model‐estimated LSWA is larger than Landsat estimates in forest‐covered areas (e.g., Amazon basin) due to the opacity of vegetation for optical satellite sensing, and in cropland areas due to the lack of dynamic water processes (e.g., re‐infiltration, evaporation, and water consumption) and constraints of water infrastructure (e.g., canals, levees). These globally consistent differences can be reasonably explained by the model's physical assumptions or optical satellite sensing characteristics. Applying filters (e.g., floodplain topography mask, forest and cropland mask) to the two datasets improves the reliability of comparison and allows the remaining local‐scale discrepancies to be attributed to locally varying factors (e.g., channel parameters, atmospheric forcing).
Net Ecosystem Production of Lakes Estimated From Hypolimnetic Organic Carbon Sinks
Authors: Steinsberger Thomas , Wüest Alfred , Müller Beat
Published: April 2021

This study presents a novel concept for estimating net ecosystem production (NEP), the export of organic carbon (OC) from the productive surface layer to the deep‐water (hypolimnion) of 11 seasonally stratified lakes, varying in depth and trophic state. As oxygen remineralizes settling OC at a constant ratio, NEP is equivalent to the areal hypolimnetic mineralization rate (AHM) plus burial in the sediment. Two major interferences have to be considered, however. First, OC from terrestrial sources, not originating from primary production, consumes a fraction of oxidants. Second, sediment diagenetic processes of lakes in trophic transition (e.g., undergoing eutrophication or reoligotrophication) that are not in quasi‐steady‐state with actual fluxes of OC from the productive surface layer, bias the NEP estimation. In these cases, the flux of reduced substances diffusing from the sediment must be subtracted. This results in some overestimation for lakes with high allochthonous loads, and slight underestimation in lakes that are not in quasi‐steady‐state, because the actual sediment burial of autochthonous OC is small but not negligible. The presented approach requires data from routinely available monitoring and thus can be applied to historic data. The temporal integration over the productive season makes the estimation of NEP robust. Based on a historic 47 years long data record of Lake Geneva, NEP estimations (∼70 gC m−2) from AHM rates agree well with P and N export budgets from the productive surface zone, which help to verify and constrain the uncertainty of the estimates.
Heterogeneous Nitrate Production Mechanisms in Intense Haze Events in the North China Plain
Authors: Chan Yuk‐Chun , Evans Mathew J. , He Pengzhen , Holmes Christopher D. , Jaeglé Lyatt , Kasibhatla Prasad , Liu Xue‐Yan , Sherwen Tomás , Thornton Joel A. , Wang Xuan , Xie Zhouqing , Zhai Shuting , Alexander Becky
Published: April 2021

Studies of wintertime air quality in the North China Plain (NCP) show that particulate‐nitrate pollution persists despite rapid reduction in NOx emissions. This intriguing NOx‐nitrate relationship may originate from non‐linear nitrate‐formation chemistry, but it is unclear which feedback mechanisms dominate in NCP. In this study, we re‐interpret the wintertime observations of 17O excess of nitrate (∆17O(NO3−)) in Beijing using the GEOS‐Chem (GC) chemical transport model to estimate the importance of various nitrate‐production pathways and how their contributions change with the intensity of haze events. We also analyze the relationships between other metrics of NOy chemistry and [PM2.5] in observations and model simulations. We find that the model on average has a negative bias of −0.9‰ and −36% for ∆17O(NO3−) and [Ox,major] (≡ [O3] + [NO2] + [p‐NO3−]), respectively, while overestimating the nitrogen oxidation ratio ([NO3−]/([NO3−] + [NO2])) by +0.12 in intense haze. The discrepancies become larger in more intense haze. We attribute the model biases to an overestimate of NO2‐uptake on aerosols and an underestimate in wintertime O3 concentrations. Our findings highlight a need to address uncertainties related to heterogeneous chemistry of NO2 in air‐quality models. The combined assessment of observations and model results suggest that N2O5 uptake in aerosols and clouds is the dominant nitrate‐production pathway in wintertime Beijing, but its rate is limited by ozone under high‐NOx‐high‐PM2.5 conditions. Nitrate production rates may continue to increase as long as [O3] increases despite reduction in [NOx], creating a negative feedback that reduces the effectiveness of air pollution mitigation.
Multiple air pollutant exposure and lung cancer in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Khorrami Zahra , Pourkhosravani Mohsen , Rezapour Maysam , Etemad Koorosh , Taghavi-Shahri Seyed Mahmood , Künzli Nino , Amini Heresh , Khanjani Narges
Published: April 2021

Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR = 1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR = 3.86), toluene (IRR = 1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR = 5.16), p-xylene (IRR = 9.41), o-xylene (IRR = 7.93), m-xylene (IRR = 2.63) and TBTEX (IRR = 1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR = 1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.
Revisiting properties of edge-bridged bromide tantalum clusters in the solid-state, in solution and vice versa: an intertwined experimental and modelling approach
Authors: Wilmet Maxence , Lebastard Clément , Sciortino Flavien , Comby-Zerbino Clothilde , MacAleese Luke , Chirot Fabien , Dugourd Philippe , Grasset Fabien , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Ariga Katsuhiko , Lemoine Pierric , Renaud Adèle , Costuas Karine , Cordier Stéphane
Published: April 2021

The crucial role of solubilization and crystallization steps in the vibrational and optical properties of {Ta6Bri12} cluster core containing systems.
Phenalenyl based platinum anticancer compounds with superior efficacy: design, synthesis, characterization, and interaction with nuclear DNA
Authors: Dutta Pradip , Kumari Smita , Paulraj Justin , Sharma Rupali , Vijaykumar Gonela , Sankar Das Hari , P Sreejyothi , Sil Swagata , Mandal Swadhin K. , Sengupta Aniruddha , Sarkar Arindam
Published: April 2021

New and efficacious phenalenyl based Pt(ii) compounds have been used to design an “easy to use tool” for mechanistic understanding.
DCM self-trapping by the host deformation in flexible host–guest molecules
Authors: Miao Le-Ping , Qi Qi , Han Xiang-Bin , Zhang Wen
Published: April 2021

The desolvated structure can self-trap the DCM molecules to return to the 1·DCM state via ligand deformation even under weak host–guest interactions. The capture behavior of DCM is mostly due to the flexibility of the ligand.
Optimizing the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of hybridization in DNA-mediated nanoparticle self-assembly
Authors: Yu Qiuyan , Shi Dongjian , Dong Weifu , Chen Mingqing
Published: April 2021

There exists optimal surface grafting density for DNA–nanoparticle systems where hybridization percentage and melting temperature reach maximal values.
Nitride-incorporated W–Fe–S double cubane clusters: terminal ligand substitutions and redox behaviors
Authors: Xue Lian , Xu Gan , Wang Zheng , Chen Xu-Dong
Published: April 2021

Five nitride-incorporated W–Fe–S double cubanes with different terminal ligands have been synthesized and their redox behaviors were studied.
UCNP@BSA@Ru nanoparticles with tumor-specific and NIR-triggered efficient PACT activity in vivo
Authors: Zhang Chao , Guo Xusheng , Da Xuwen , Yao Yishan , Xiao Haihua , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong
Published: April 2021

BSA modified UCNPs covalently loaded with a Ru(ii) PACT agent were constructed, which showed tumor-specific and NIR light-triggered efficient anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo.
The facile synthesis and electrochemical performance of Ni2V2O7 as a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhiyong , Zhang Jun , Duan He , Chen Siyuan , Yao Heng , Zhao Yanming , Kuang Quan , Fan Qinghua , Dong Youzhong
Published: April 2021

Ni2V2O7, as anode for lithium ion batteries, exhibited a high specific capacity. The morphology evolution and charge and discharge reaction mechanisms of the Ni2V2O7 electrode during cycling were explored by SEM, TEM and in situ XRD methods.
Research progress on the photocatalytic activation of methane to methanol
Authors: Tian Yudong , Piao Lingyu , Chen Xiaobo
Published: April 2021

This review presents the recent progress of the photocatalytic conversion of CH4 to CH3OH from four aspects: photocatalysts, oxidants, sacrificial reagents, and CH4 activation mechanisms, along with its current status and existing challenges.
Identification of bioprivileged molecules: expansion of a computational approach to broader molecular space
Authors: Lopez Lauren M. , Shanks Brent H. , Broadbelt Linda J.
Published: April 2021

As interest in biobased chemicals grows, and their application space expands, computational tools to navigate molecule space as a complement to experimental approaches are imperative.
Influence of size polydispersity on magnetic field tunable structures in magnetic nanofluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Mohapatra Dillip Kumar , Camp Philip J. , Philip John
Published: April 2021

(Top) Phase contrast optical microscopy images of field-induced microstructures in a polydisperse system at different out-of-plane magnetic field strengths. (Bottom) Scattered light intensity pattern of the structures.
Design of vesicle prototissues as a model for cellular tissues
Authors: Casas-Ferrer Laura , Brisson Amaury , Massiera Gladys , Casanellas Laura
Published: April 2021

Biomimetic vesicle prototissues have been designed as a model for cellular tissues. Prototissues display spheroidal or sheet like morphologies, and have predictable vesicle–vesicle adhesion strengths, typical sizes, and degree of compaction.
Colour-encoded electroluminescent white light-emitting diodes enabled using perovskite–Cu–In–S quantum composites
Authors: Cho Seung-Bum , Sohn Jung Inn , Lee Sang-Seok , Moon Seung-Gyun , Hou Bo , Park Il-Kyu
Published: April 2021

Colloidal quantum dot white light-emitting diode has received much attention for ambient lighting, photonics and display. Efficient white colour toning is demonstrated by hybridising Perovskite and Chalcopyrite as a single electroluminescence layer.
Identification of Word Retrieval Difficulties in the Normally Aging Population
Authors: Gill Cindy , Green Laura , Bharadwaj Sneha , Allman Tamby , Mehta Jyutika
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study examined variations in performance on different verbal tasks completed by typically aging, non-neurologically impaired adults who self-identified as either having or not having word retrieval difficulties that frequently affected their lifestyle.

Method

Fifty-seven adults aged 54–71 years, who were recruited based on case history responses that indicated the presence or absence of word retrieval difficulties, completed two standardized, norm-referenced language tests, two naming tasks, and three verbal fluency measures.

Results

Although scores on standardized language tests fell within normal limits for all of the participants, significant differences between those with and those without self-reported word retrieval difficulties were found on the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition as well as on tasks of naming members of categories and producing procedural narratives. A significantly greater percentage of disfluencies in procedural narratives were found in the group that reported word retrieval difficulties. This fluency indicator was the only factor that was predictive of word retrieval difficulties.

Conclusions

Many studies have examined the differences in word retrieval in older versus younger populations or in persons with aphasia versus persons without aphasia, but they have not offered definitive pictures of the differences between those with and those without word retrieval difficulties in the normally aging population who have otherwise normal language. This study identified three tasks that appear to be sensitive to the word-finding difficulties experienced by some adults.
Dry or water world? How the water contents of inner sub-Neptunes constrain giant planet formation and the location of the water ice line
Authors: Bitsch Bertram , Raymond Sean N. , Buchhave Lars A. , Bello-Arufe Aaron , Rathcke Alexander D. , Schneider Aaron David
Published: April 2021

In the pebble accretion scenario, the pebbles that form planets drift inward from the outer disk regions, carrying water ice with them. At the water ice line, the water ice on the inward drifting pebbles evaporates and is released into the gas phase, resulting in water-rich gas and dry pebbles that move into the inner disk regions. Large planetary cores can block the inward drifting pebbles by forming a pressure bump outside their orbit in the protoplanetary disk. Depending on the relative position of a growing planetary core relative to the water ice line, water-rich pebbles might be blocked outside or inside the water ice line. Pebbles blocked outside the water ice line do not evaporate and thus do not release their water vapor into the gas phase, resulting in a dry inner disk, while pebbles blocked inside the water ice line release their water vapor into the gas phase, resulting in water vapor diffusing into the inner disk. As a consequence, close-in sub-Neptunes that accrete some gas from the disk should be dry or wet, respectively, if outer gas giants are outside or inside the water ice line, assuming that giant planets form fast, as has been suggested for Jupiter in our Solar System. Alternatively, a sub-Neptune could form outside the water ice line, accreting a large amount of icy pebbles and then migrating inward as a very wet sub-Neptune. We suggest that the water content of inner sub-Neptunes in systems with giant planets that can efficiently block the inward drifting pebbles could constrain the formation conditions of these systems, thus making these sub-Neptunes exciting targets for detailed characterization (e.g., with JWST, ELT, or ARIEL). In addition, the search for giant planets in systems with already characterized sub-Neptunes can be used to constrain the formation conditions of giant planets as well.
Correlation between structural and morphological properties of multilayer perovskite ZnTiO3coated porous silicon
Authors: Khadija Hammedi , Khalifa Marouan , Alvarez-Galvan M. Consuelo , Ezzaouia Hatem
Published: April 2021

This work reports on correlation between structural and morphological properties of ZnTiO3/porous silicon (PS). The PS was elaborated by electrochemical anodization from the single- crystal p-type silicon wafer. Nanocrystalline ZnTiO3thinfilms have been prepared on PS using sol-gels pin coating technique. The deposited films were annealed in air at 800 °C for 2 h. The structural and morphological properties of the films were studied for different number of layers. X-ray diffraction spectra confirms that ZnTiO3films were hexagonal phase and the crystallite size of ZnTiO3films increased from 111 to 125 nm when the number of layers increase from 4 to 8 layers. SEM image shows approximate semi-spherical particles with a little agglomeration for all samples. The morphologies changed and the average grain size changed and increases from 81 nm to 131 nm.
Wahl des Dialyseverfahrens
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: April 2021

Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion haben eine komplexe Entscheidung bzgl. des Dialyseverfahrens zu treffen. Die verschiedenen Optionen haben einen Einfluss auf den physischen und psychischen Zustand sowie das Sozialleben. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Patientenentscheidungshilfen zu etablieren, um eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung bzgl. des Dialyseverfahren zu erreichen. Zur Objektivierung wurde die Entscheidungsqualität anhand von Patientenwissen, Bereitschaft und Vorlieben gemessen.
Aktuelles von der EDTNA/ERCA
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: April 2021

Mit dem Erscheinen dieser Ausgabe der „Dialyse aktuell“ startet unsere virtuelle Frühlingskonferenz. Die Herausforderungen des letzten Jahres haben uns deutlich gemacht, wie wichtig es ist, dass wir nephrologisch Pflegende zusammenhalten, uns gegenseitig unterstützen und vernetzen.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden (Teil 3)
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: April 2021

Um die Resilienz und damit die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden fördern zu können, ist eine salutogenetische Perspektive von Übungen hilfreich. Durch die Beantwortung der Fragen, welche Übungen, warum, wie und wozu durchgeführt werden sollen, werden Trainingsmaßnahmen verstehbar, handhabbar und sinnvoll. So werden im vorliegenden Teil 3 der Artikelserie die Übungen „Stressfassanalyse“, „Beeinflussungsradar“ und das „Dankbarkeitstagebuch“ anhand der Komponenten des Kohärenzgefühls vorgestellt. Sie wirken gemeinsam einem auf Defizite fokussierten Wahrnehmen und Bewerten von Situationen entgegen. Anstelle in einer Opferrolle zu verbleiben, welche das Gefühl auslöst, nicht mehr Gestalter seines Lebens sein zu können, wird über eine Stärkung der Selbstwahrnehmung und der Selbstreflexion die Selbstwirksamkeit gefördert. Welche weiteren Übungen gezielt das subjektiv empfundene Stresslevel effektiv senken können, wird im Teil 4 der Artikelserie abschließend Thema sein.
Digital single-operator cholangioscope for endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy
Authors: Kong Ling-Jian , Liu Dan , Zhang Ji-Yu , Ullah Saif , Zhao Lixia , Li Deliang , Yang Huiyu , Liu Bing-Rong
Published: April 2021

Background This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of a digital single-operator cholangioscope (SOC) system for endoscopic management of acute appendicitis.

Methods 14 patients with acute uncomplicated simple or supportive appendicitis were evaluated between November 2018 and September 2020. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was confirmed by direct colonoscopy imaging and cholangioscope. The success rate of digital SOC-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT), the procedure time, postoperative length of hospital stay, complications, and recurrence rate were recorded.

Results Technical success rate was 100 %, with high quality imaging of the appendiceal cavity achieved using SOC in all 14 patients. The mean procedure time was 37.8 (standard deviation [SD] 22) minutes. All patients experienced immediate relief from abdominal pain after the procedure. Mean postoperative hospitalization was 1.9 (SD 0.7) days. No recurrence occurred during 2–24 months of follow-up.

Conclusion Digital SOC-assisted ERAT provided a feasible, safe, and effective alternative approach for diagnosis and management of acute uncomplicated appendicitis without the need for X-ray or ultrasonic guidance.
Use of Glucocorticoids and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review
Authors: Simion Chiara , Campello Elena , Bensi Elisa , Bellio Andrea , Pontarin Anna , Spiezia Luca , Simioni Paolo
Published: April 2021

Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents that are widely used for the treatment of many inflammatory, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders. However, their beneficial effect is associated with several side effects, including an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Whether their use also contributes to a procoagulant state, and therefore increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), is still a matter of debate. As an increased risk of venous thrombotic events is described in patients with Cushing's syndrome, which is characterized by endogenous hypercortisolism, it is reasonable to speculate that the chronic administration of glucocorticoids may induce a hypercoagulable state. However, it seems virtually impossible to separate the role of the drug from the underlying condition, which itself predisposes to the development of VTE. Actually, some evidence suggests that the use of exogenous glucocorticoids for the treatment of underlying disease and its exacerbations may further amplify the risk of VTE. Moreover, a procoagulant state has also been reported in healthy participants receiving oral glucocorticoids versus placebo. We have performed a concise narrative review on available data on the influence of exogenous glucocorticoids on hemostasis and their clinical impact on the risk of VTE.