bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rahmah El Yunusiyyah Kartini Padang Panjang (1900-1969)
Authors: Abdullah Nafilah
Published: February 2018

Rahmah El- Yunusiyyah adalah Kartini Padang Panjang , seorang Pahlawan tanpa tanda jasa.Tokoh Rahmah El- Yunusiyyah adalah seorang wanita tokoh pembaharuan dari Padang Panjang yang sempat hidup pada tiga zaman yaitu zaman penjajahan kolonial Belanda, zaman penjajahan Jepang, dan  zaman Kemerdekaan, namun sampai saat ini pemerintah Indonesia belum memberikan penghargaan sebagai pahlawan Nasional.            Mengapa penelitian ini dilakukan? Secara historis, Tokoh Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah pada zaman Belanda telah mendirikan Perguruan Diniyyah PUteri Padang Panjang (1923). Memberikan dukungan pada Kongres Sumpah Pemuda (1928). Memimpin gerakan menentang dua buah peraturan Belanda, yaitu Ordonantie Kawin Bercatat dan Ordonantie Sekolah Liar pada tahun 1932.Pada pendudukan Jepang, mempersiapkan murid-murid Diniyah Puteri mengikuti pelatihan P3K dan Palang Merah sebagai ganti tenaga sukarela dalam pertempuran (1943). Memberikan dukungan penuh dalam pembentukan pasukan Gyugun, yang menurutnya sangat strategis sebagai alat mencapai kemerdekaan Indonesia (1944). Menjadi pengurus ADI (Anggota Daerah Ibu) tingkat Sumatera Tengah yang bertujuan menentang pemerintahan Jepang yang menggunakan gadis remaja untuk dijadikan wanita penghibur, dan menuntut di tutupnya rumah bordil. Menjadi ketua Ha Ha No Kai dari Gyugun Ko En Kai . menjadi anggota Ha Ha No Kai, anggota Peninjau Sumatera Cuo Sang In. Anggota Mahkamah Islam Tinggi (MIT)Bukit Tinggi. Masa Kemerdekaan bersama beberapa Perwira Gyugun dan Tokoh masyarakat Padang Panjang membentuk tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR). Menjadikan Diniyyah Puteri sebagai dapur umum bagi para pejuang seperti Laskar Sabilillah, Sabil Muslimat, dan Hizbullah. Menjadikan Diniyah Puteri sebagai tempat persinggahan para geriliya yang bolak balik antara rimba dan daerah pertempuran. Mengibarkan bendera Merah Putih yang pertama di kota Padang Panjang.Masa setelah kemerdekaan, menjadi anggota DPR RI (Konstituante) pada 1955. Menjadi pengurus sekolah Tinggi Hukum Pancasila Padang yang menjadi embrio dari Universitas Andalas.Kartini Padang Panjang yang tidak pernah dimunculkan profilnya namun pengaruhnya dalam dunia pendidikan terasa begitu nyata. Bahkan Al-Azhar Mesir terispirasi dari tindakan beliau. Yang tidak kalah penting, pakaian anggun dengan kerudung yg menutup dada itu (Hijab Syar’i) dan Baju kurung basiba merupakan ciri khas dari siswi-siswi dan Guru-guru di sekolah Diniyah Padang Panjang dan wanita muslimah Malaysia serta Singapura.
IMPLEMENTASI RESOLUSI MICRO CONFLICT BERBASIS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (Studi Peran Mediasi di Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perempuan dan Anak Korban Kekerasan ‘Rekso Dyah Utami’ Yogyakarta)
Authors: Evirianti Linda
Published: February 2018

Humans are social beings formed by mutual interests within the scope of the community. In relation to such reciprocity, social phenomena often arise in the form of violence or conflict arising from the existence of different interests, so that with the emergence of conflicts or disputes, the law plays an important role in resolving these conflicts, especially acts of violence against women and children. Through the Rekso Dyah Utami agency, there is an effort to minimize an act of violence. The way it is done is through the assistance of mediators in resolving cases that occurred at Integrated Service Center for Women and Children of Violence Victims (P2TPAKK) Rekso Dyah Utami through mediation practice.Keywords: communication transaction (transactional analysis), mediation, mediator.
NEGOSIASI MUKA MASYARAKAT DESA BEDA KEYAKINAN Studi Interaksi Masyarakat Berbasis Keyakinan (Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, dan Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur’an) di Dusun Pakelrejo, Desa Piyaman, Wonosari, Gunung Kidul)
Authors: Fauziyah Siti
Published: February 2018

In Indonesia, one of the problems faced by religious people is religious conflict. When Islam entered the island of Java, Islam had to deal with local Javanese beliefs. In spreading the teachings of Islamic renewal and then bring up cultural clashes that cause tension then even conflict between supporters of puritan groups with syncretic Islam. This happened in Dusun Pakelrejo Desa Piyaman, when the Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur’an (MTA) tried to maintain its existence to be accepted by the wider community especially by Muhammadiyah and NU adherents. The MTA uses a negotiation advance with Postheistic patterns. In this case, Postheistik becomes a new pattern of face transactions to build cooperation and mutual need without seeing one’s self-confidence. Therefore, post-theistic communication becomes a phenomenon of interfaith relations.Keywords: Negotiations Advance, Bina Peace, Postheistik
SOLIDARITAS KELOMPOK MINORITAS DALAM MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus Kelompok Waria Di Pondok Pesantren Waria Al Fatah Yogyakarta)
Authors: Munifah Siti
Published: February 2018

In a society, based on the size of the members there are two social groups namely the majority and minority groups. Majority groups are the largest part of a society. In contrast, minority groups are the smallest part of a society. In everyday life, minority groups do not often get their rights like majority groups in general. To obtain these rights, minority social groups often form a group or community to achieve desired goals. With strong Solidarity within a group, together they (minority groups) can fight for their rights and face an external threat (conflict). Through this article, the author will give an idea how solidarity of a minority group (waria) in facing conflict especially transvestites that exist in the boarding school of Islamic transvestites Fatah Yogyakarta.Keywords: solidarity, minority, transgender, transvestite pesantren.
Que sugerem as pesquisas sobre os métodos de ensino para alunos com transtorno do espectro autista? Uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Orrico de Azevedo Mariana Queiroz , Nunes Débora R. P.
Published: February 2018

Considerando-se o expressivo número de educandos com autismo, que frequentam classes regulares, torna-se necessário que o professor faça uso de práticas interventivas que favoreçam o desenvolvimento acadêmico dessa população. Assim, o objetivo geral do presente estudo é identificar, com base na Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, métodos de ensino implementados por professores de estudantes com autismo, matriculados em classes regulares. De forma específica, esta revisão visa: identificar as habilidades dos alunos que foram foco das ações interventivas; caracterizar o perfil profissional dos educadores; descrever as características dos alunos e; com base no modelo de Libâneo (1994) caracterizar os métodos de ensino descritos. Como fonte de análise, foi rastreado um acervo específico, constituído de teses e de dissertações publicadas no Brasil, no período 2008-2013. Os vinte estudos identificados revelaram, em sua maioria, a precária formação docente e o desnivelamento na matrícula dos alunos nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Apenas 9 pesquisas focaram no desenvolvimento de habilidades acadêmicas dos alunos. Os quatro métodos de ensino propostos por Libâneo (1994), associados ou não a outras práticas, foram identificados. A pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de instalação de programas de formação que capacite os professores a implementarem práticas pedagógicas eficazes na educação de alunos com autismo.
Perceptions of “Book” Concepts on Teacher Candidates of Turkish and Social Sciences Education
Authors: Akkaya Nevin , Özdemir Eylem Ezgi , Akbulut Serdar
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the
perceptions of teacher candidates of Turkish and Social Sciences Education on
the concept of "book" through metaphors. The study group consists of
330 students who study in the first and last classes of Turkish and Social
Sciences Education departments in the second semester of 2016-2017 academic
year. The data were obtained through the forms in which the personal
information was included in the first part and the completed form was given in
the second part "book for me ... because ...". The 330 data obtained
were analyzed by content analysis technique via Nvivo 11 PLUS program and 9
metaphors determined to be weak structure were extracted without working.  The remaining 321 metaphors were compiled to
form a metaphor list, grouped by various conceptual themes, and 13 conceptual
categories were created. According to the metaphor numbers in these 13
conceptual categories; journey (111), source of information and entertainment
(65), friend (44), treasure (22), awareness (22), nature (17), object (11),
requirement (11), life (7), 
insignificant (4), feeling (3), purpose (2) and  miracle (2).
ANALISIS SISTEM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA BERDASARKAN REGULASI KEUANGAN DESA
Authors: Khoiriah Siti , Meylina Utia
Published: February 2018

Desa merupakan entitas terkecil dalam pemerintahan Indonesia yang diakui dan dihormati berrsadarkan konstitusi. Desa telah melalui sejarah pengaturan yang panjang yang akhirnya pengaturan tentang desa secara khusus diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Pengaturan tersebut membawa desa memasuki babak baru dan membawa harapan-harapan baru bagi kehidupan kemasyarakatan dan pemerintahan desa yang berdampak erat kepada keuangan desa terkhusus terkait dengan sistem pengelolaan dana desa. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia telah memiliki regulasi signifikan terkait dengan pengelolaan dana desa mulai dari tahapan pengelolaan dana desa sampai kepada sistem pengawasan pengelolaan dana desa. Tahapan pengelolaan dan pengawasan pengelolaan dana desa seperti yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan akan berpotensi positif dalam pelaksanaan akuntanbilitas penyelenggaraan ataupun akuntanbilitas publik pemerintahan desa.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONTRAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KONTRAK KONTEMPORER
Authors: Asnawi Muhammad Natsir
Published: February 2018

Doktrin hukum pada prinsipnya terbagi atas dua, yaitu doktrin klasik dan doktrin kontemporer. Doktrin hukum kontrak klasik menekankan pada aspek kepastian hukum. Aspek ini tergambar dari penekanannya bahwa setiap pernyataan kehendak harus dituangkan dalam kontrak yang ditandatangani para pihak agar memiliki kekuatan mengikat. Doktrin klasik membedakan secara tegas wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum. Tuntutan atas pelanggaran kontrak harus dengan dasar wanprestasi, bukan perbuatan melawan hukum. Sebaliknya, doktrin kontemporer lebih menekankan pada aspek keadilan dan kepatutan. Doktrin kontemporer mengenal kontrak sebagai konstruksi yang terdiri atas tahap pracontractual, contractual, dan postcontractual. Karenanya, doktrin kontemporer menganggap janji-janji pra kontrak memiliki akibat hukum tertentu, hal mana berbeda dengan doktrin klasik yang tidak mengakui adanya akibat hukum pra kontrak. Doktrin kontemporer juga tidak lagi membedakan secara tegas wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum sebagai dasar gugatan pelanggaran kontrak karena wanprestasi pada prinsipnya merupakan specific genus dari perbuatan melawan hukum.
PRINSIP KEHATI-HATIAN PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH DALAM PENGURUSAN PERALIHAN TANAH “LETTER C”
Authors: Wanda Hendry Dwicahyo
Published: February 2018

Penulisan jurnal ini membahas mengenai salah satu permasalahan tentang Prinsip Kehati-Hatiaan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Dalam Pengurusan Peralihan Tanah “Letter C”. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah Prinsip Kehatian-hatian PPAT hanya dijelaskan dalam Pasal 22 PP No. 37 Tahun 1998 bahwa Akta PPAT harus dibacakan/dijelaskan isinya kepada para pihak dengan dihadiri oleh sekurang-kurangnya 2 (dua) orang saksi sebelum ditandatangani seketika itu juga oleh para pihak, saksi-saksi dan PPAT. Sementara dalam pengurusan peralihan tanah Letter C seharus-nya seorang PPAT tidak hanya memastikan bahwa para pihak menghadap dengan PPAT sebagai Pejabat yang membacakan dan menjelaskan akta akan tetapi sesuai prinsip kehati-hatian PPAT dapat menghindari dan mencegah terjadinya kesalahan yang menyebabkan munculnya permasalahan dalam pengurusan peralihan Letter C. karena dalam praktek pengurusan Letter C, PPAT tidak membacakan dan menjelaskan isi akta yang mana para pihak tidak hadir di hadapan PPAT. Sehingga PPAT tidak hati-hati dalam menjalankan jabatannya. Selain itu dalam Pasal 23 Ayat (1) dijelaskan mengenai prinsip kehati-hatian yakni “PPAT dilarang membuat akta, apabila PPAT sendiri, suami atau istrinya, keluarganya sedarah atau semenda, dalam garis lurus tanpa pembatasan derajat dan dalam garis ke samping sampai derajat kedua, menjadi pihak dalam perbuatan hukum yang bersangkutan, baik dengan cara bertindak sendiri maupun melalui kuasa, atau menjadi kuasa dari pihak lain.” Sementara dalam praktiknya PPAT dalam pengurusan Letter C menjadi pihak dengan membuat kuasa pengurusan Letter C. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengkaji dan menganalisis kedudukan dan kekuatan hukum Letter C sebagai alat bukti kepemilikan tanah dan Mengkaji dan Menganalisis bentuk pelaksanaan prinsip kehati-hatiaan PPAT dalam pengurusan peralihan tanah Letter C. dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pada jenis adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah memecahkan masalah hukum secara normatif yang pada dasarnya bertumpu pada analisa dan mendalam terhadap bahan-bahan pustaka dan dokumen-dokumen hukum yang relevan dengan permasalahan hukum yang dikaji. Penelitian melalui metode normatif dalam penulisan ini adalah Prinsip Kehati-Hatiaan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Dalam Pengurusan Peralihan Tanah “Letter C”.
KEBIJAKAN PENGAMPUNAN PAJAK (TAX AMNESTY) BERDASARKAN KEADILAN YANG MENDUKUNG IKLIM INVESTASI INDONESIA
Authors: Sa'adah Nabitatus
Published: February 2018

Kebijakan tax amnesty saat ini diragukan kemampuannya untuk mampu memberi peningkatan kontribusi terhadap penerimaan negara serta meningkatkan investasi di Indonesia. Kebijakan tax amnesty dianggap tidak memberi keadilan terhadap wajib pajak patuh. Hal yang perlu dikaji bagaimana kebijkan tax amnesty dikaitkan dengan asas keadilan? dan bagaimana model pengampunan pajak yang berkeadilan serta mampu meningkatkan iklim investasi di Indonesia ? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan socio legal reseach.Kebijakan tax amnesty harus dipandang dari asas manfaat, yaitu peningkatan penerimaan negara. Upaya memberi keadilan, wajib pajak yang telah diampuni, harus membayar uang tebusan, serta harus ada komitmen penegakan hukum yang tegas. Peningkatan iklim investasi di Indonesia perlu didukung adanya kemudahan birokrasi perijinan, iklim politik yang kondusif, terjaminnya kerahasiaan dan kepastian hukum.
RASIO LEGIS PASAL 43 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2011 TERKAIT DENGAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Simatupang Landya Maria , Koeswahyono Imam , Sugiri Bambang
Published: February 2018

Setelah terbitnya Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 tentang Rumah Susun, muncul permasalahan saat implementasi UU dimaksud yaitu perjanjian/akta apa yang dapat dipergunakan dalam hal syarat-syarat untuk melaksanakan PPJB sebagaimana di atur dalam Pasal 43 UU Rumah Susun belum terpenuhi. Pasal  43  UU Rumah  Susun  mengijinkan  pengembang   untuk   melakukan  penjualan  satuan    rumah  susun  yang  dibangunnya,  asalkan   memenuhi  persyaratan  -  persyaratan   yang  diatur  dalam  Pasal  43 UU ayat (2) tersebut. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris, penulis mengkaji lebih lanjut apa yang menjadi rasio  legis pengaturan dari Pasal 43  UU Rumah Susun yang  wajib dipatuhi  oleh  pengembang. Kemudian dari hasil penelitian tersebut diketahui bahwa rasio legis pengaturan ketentuan tersebut adalah dalam rangka perlindungan konsumen.
Strength and Conditioning Considerations for Hurling: An Amateur Gaelic Games Sport
Authors: Mullane Michael , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris
Published: February 2018

HURLING IS A HIGH INTENSITY, INTERMITTENT, AMATEUR GAELIC GAMES SPORT. A RISE IN THE NUMBER OF STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ON THE BIOMECHANICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND INJURY EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF HURLING ATHLETES, AND THIS REVIEW PROVIDES THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL WITH GUIDELINES ON KEY PARAMETERS RELATING TO THE NEEDS ANALYSIS OF HURLING. A PROPOSED FITNESS TESTING BATTERY AND PROGRAM DESIGN FOR THE REDUCTION OF INJURIES AND ENHANCED PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IS PROVIDED.
Improving Physical Performance Through Instructional Models
Authors: LaPlaca David A. , McCullick Bryan A.
Published: February 2018

PROPER INSTRUCTION INVOLVES THE TEACHING OF BOTH THE “HOW” AND “WHY” A SKILL SHOULD BE PERFORMED. WHEN PROPERLY IMPLEMENTED, EVIDENCE CLEARLY INDICATES THAT IT IMPROVES AN ATHLETE'S PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE. USING INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS, STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES CAN INCORPORATE PROPER INSTRUCTION INTO THEIR TRAINING PROGRAMS. THE 2-FOLD PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE THE READER: (A) A JUSTIFICATION OF HOW THE USE OF PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES CAN LEAD TO IMPROVED PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BY AN ATHLETE, AND (B) PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR INCORPORATING PROPER INSTRUCTIONAL MODELS THROUGH A HOLISTIC STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM.
Progress without Progressives? The Effects of Development on Women's Educational and Political Equality in Cultural Context, 1980 to 2010
Authors: Cole Wade M. , Geist Claudia
Published: February 2018

Researchers often attribute diminishing gender inequality to economic development. When different aspects of gender inequality are examined, however, evidence points to both cross-national convergence as well as persistent (or even growing) heterogeneity in women's status. To make sense of this contradiction, we examine the extent to which culture moderates the relationship between economic development and gender inequality. We consider two dimensions of gender inequality, gender gaps in educational attainment and women's share of parliament, using data for 150 countries between 1980 and 2010. We find convergence toward greater equality in education, independently of economic development. But cross-cultural differences in female political representation persist or even grow as a function of economic development. Our results imply that economic development is not a direct pathway to greater gender equality. Rather, cultural legacies play an important role in shaping developmental trajectories.
Circulating Discourses
Authors: Aminzade Ronald , Schurman Rachel , Lyimo Francis
Published: February 2018

In recent years, neo-institutional sociologists, political scientists and geographers have engaged in a lively set of theoretical debates about how policy ideas move from one place to another. This paper seeks to engage with claims about global norm diffusion or policy transfer by studying policy discourses on agricultural development in the East African country of Tanzania. Using documents produced by international donors and research institutions, the Tanzanian government, and national and transnational civil society organizations; transcripts of parliamentary debates; and over 30 interviews with policy actors in Tanzania, we identify and compare three discourses that are currently circulating on African agricultural development policy: a global discourse, a dominant national discourse, and a subordinate national discourse. Based on an analysis of these discourses’ similarities and differences—and of the policy coalitions that are promoting them—we advance arguments about (a) the role of national contexts and historical legacies in shaping the diffusion of a global discourse; (b) power dynamics and political contention within the state itself; and (c) the transnational networks of both dominant and subordinate discourse coalitions.
Hydro/Power? Politics, Discourse and Neoliberalization in Laos's Hydroelectric Development
Authors: Olson Kathryn A. , Gareau Brian J.
Published: February 2018

Hydropower development is making a global resurgence due to endorsement by powerful global institutions such as the World Bank and the imperative to scale up renewable energy production to address global climate change. Employing a green governmentality lens, we analyze the debate surrounding one controversial dam in Laos, the Xayaburi. In the realm of hydropower development in the Mekong, a green governmentality approach allows for both an investigation of the macro-political influences on hydropower development, including trade liberalization and regional economic development, and the micro-political disciplining of state and non-state actors who, through legitimizing particular discourses and practices, reinforce global power relations. Our findings suggest that World Bank-style sustainable development discourses continue to shape ideas and practices relating to hydropower and sustainable development in Laos. However, we conclude that green neoliberalization does not fully explain how the Lao state is operating and that more attention to its practices as an authoritarian state is needed. This case moves the study of green governmentality forward by examining how green neoliberalization operates in a variegated, late-neoliberal world.
Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia triggered by liver injury in elderly subjects with low body weight: case reports
Authors: Anno Takatoshi , Kaneto Hideaki , Shigemoto Ryo , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kawai Yasuhiro , Urata Noriyo , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Kaku Kohei , Okimoto Niro
Published: February 2018

Hypoglycemia is induced by many causes, especially over-dose of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic subjects. In such a case, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is usually observed. On the other hand, it is important to classify secondary hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Liver injury-induced hypoglycemia is one of the causes of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia but rarely observed in clinical practice. Herein, we experienced similar 2 cases of non-diabetic hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Both of them were elderly subjects with low body weight. Furthermore, it is likely that hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia in both subjects was triggered by severe liver injury, at least in part, due to possible limited liver glycogen store. In elderly subjects with low body weight and/or malnutrition, metabolism in the liver is reduced and glycogen accumulation is decreased. Such alteration brings out acute and marked liver injury, which finally leads to the onset of severe hypoglycemia. It is known that not only liver injury but also multiple organ failure could be induced due to extreme emaciation in subjects. It is likely that in elderly subjects with low body weight and/or malnutrition, multiple organ failure including liver failure could be induced due to the similar reason. Therefore, we should be very careful of such subjects in order to avoid the development of multiple organ failure which leads to life-threatening situations. In conclusion, we should keep in mind the possibility of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia when we examine severe liver injury, especially in elderly or starving subjects with low body weight and limited liver glycogen stores.

Learning points:

It is important to classify secondary hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia.

Liver injury-induced hypoglycemia is one of the causes of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia but rarely observed in everyday clinical practice.

Herein, we reported similar 2 cases of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia without diabetes presumably triggered by severe liver injury.

In both cases, hypoglycemia was improved by glucose infusion, although their liver injury was not improved.

We should keep in mind the possibility of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia when we examine severe liver injury, especially in elderly subjects with low body weight.
Treatment of congenital hypothyroidism in a newborn with malabsorption after subtotal ileum resection
Authors: Schömig Charlotte S , Robinson Marie-Ève , von Oettingen Julia E
Published: February 2018

Congenital hypothyroidism requires prompt treatment to prevent adverse health outcomes. Poor intestinal levothyroxine absorption can complicate management. We present a case of a term female newborn with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring subtotal ileum resection. Congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed by newborn screening. Treatment was complicated by intestinal malabsorption of levothyroxine. Intravenous levothyroxine substitution restored euthyroidism and supraphysiologic PO doses subsequently maintained a euthyroid state. After several months, the required levothyroxine dose was weaned down to typical recommended dosing. In conclusion, small bowel resection secondary to NEC may lead to malabsorption of oral levothyroxine. An intravenous levothyroxine dose of approximately 50% typical PO dosing is effective in providing rapid normalization of free T4 and TSH. High PO doses may be required to maintain euthyroidism. Close thyroid function monitoring and immediate therapy adjustment are essential as the individual absorption may vary widely. Normal absorption levels may be regained due to adaption of the neonatal intestines.

Learning points:

In neonates with malabsorption after ileum resection intravenous levothyroxine replacement should be used to provide normalization of free T4 and TSH.

Very high doses of up to 500% usual oral levothyroxine may be required to maintain euthyroidism. The estimated degree of malabsorption can be used to determine the initial dose.

Close thyroid function monitoring and immediate therapy adjustment are essential as the absorption and intestinal adaption may vary widely.
Recurrent pituitary abscess: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Furnica Raluca Maria , Lelotte Julie , Duprez Thierry , Maiter Dominique , Alexopoulou Orsalia
Published: February 2018

A 26-year-old woman presented with severe postpartum headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a symmetric, heterogeneous enlargement of the pituitary gland. Three months later, she developed central diabetes insipidus. A diagnosis of postpartum hypophysitis was suspected and corticosteroids were prescribed. Six months later, the pituitary mass showed further enlargement and characteristics of a necrotic abscess with a peripheral shell and infiltration of the hypothalamus. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed, disclosing a pus-filled cavity which was drained. No bacterial growth was observed, except a single positive blood culture for Staphylococcus aureus, considered at that time as a potential contaminant. A short antibiotic course was, however, administered together with hormonal substitution for panhypopituitarism. Four months after her discharge, severe headaches recurred. Pituitary MRI was suggestive of a persistent inflammatory mass of the sellar region. She underwent a new transsphenoidal resection of a residual abscess. At that time, the sellar aspiration fluid was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and she was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks, after which she had complete resolution of her infection. The possibility of a pituitary abscess, although rare, should be kept in mind during evaluation for a necrotic inflammatory pituitary mass with severe headaches and hormonal deficiencies.

Learning points:

The possibility of a pituitary abscess, although rare, should be kept in mind during evaluation for a necrotic inflammatory pituitary mass with severe headaches and hormonal deficiencies.

In a significant proportion of cases no pathogenic organism can be isolated.

A close follow-up is necessary given the risk of recurrence and the high rate of postoperative pituitary deficiencies.
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The role of the desmopressin test in the diagnosis and follow-up of Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Vassiliadi Dimitra Argyro , Tsagarakis Stylianos
Published: February 2018

Desmopressin is a vasopressin analogue selective for type 2 vasopressin receptors that mediate renal water retention. In contrast to the native hormone arginine vasopressin, a well-known ACTH secretagogue, desmopressin, exerts minimal or no activity on ACTH excretion. However, in a substantial proportion of patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS), desmopressin elicits an ACTH and cortisol response, which contrasts with the minimal responses obtained in healthy subjects. The mechanism underlying this paradoxical response involves upregulation of vasopressin type 3 and/or the aberrant expression of type 2 receptors by neoplastic ACTH-producing cells. This makes desmopressin administration a suitable test enabling the distinction between neoplastic from functional (formerly termed ‘pseudo-Cushing syndrome’) ACTH-dependent cortisol excess. Several studies have now established an adjunctive role of desmopressin in the initial diagnostic workup of CS. Despite some early data indicating that this test may also have a role in distinguishing between Cushing’s disease (CD) and ectopic ACTH secretion, subsequent studies failed to confirm this observation. The ability of the paradoxical response to desmopressin to depict the presence of neoplastic ACTH-secreting cells was also exploited in the follow-up of patients with CD undergoing surgery. Loss of the desmopressin response, performed in the early postoperative period, was a good predictor for a favorable long-term outcome. Moreover, during follow-up, reappearance of desmopressin paradoxical response was an early indicator for recurrence. In conclusion, the desmopressin test is a valid tool in both the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CD and should be more widely applied in the workup of these patients.
Modelos, tendencias y cotidianidades en los inicios de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago de Chile.1843-1860.
Authors: Monteverde Sánchez Alessandro , Castro Valdebenito Hugo Jose , Saavedra Ávila Juan
Published: February 2018

En Chile durante el siglo XIX, se inició una reforma del sistema carcelario que buscó eliminar los Presidios Ambulantes y una serie vicios en las Cárceles Públicas y Casas Correccionales. Implementando así, un sistema penitenciario que intentó reproducir los tratamientos penitenciarios desarrollados principalmente en Estados Unidos y Europa. La élite criolla respaldo la reforma levantando un discurso político a través de recomendaciones y exposiciones, que se materializaron en la creación por ley de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago en 1843. En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de carácter histórico, respecto al primer periodo de discusiones y debates a nivel político a propósito de la reforma del sistema de prisiones en Chile y del tipo de tratamiento penitenciario adoptado luego de la construcción de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago. Dicho objeto, se logra a través de la utilización de una metodología heurística, revisión de fuentes de archivo documental y una relevante discusión bibliográfica, a propósito de la justificación política del castigo penitenciario, en tanto política nacional y reforma del individuo criminal, contrastándolo estos elementos con los registros del régimen interno de la Cárcel Penitenciaria de Santiago durante los años 1858 y 1860, bajo la administración del Superintendente Waldo Silva.
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae from urine clinical samples
Authors: Szabó Orsolya , Gulyás Dániel , Szabó Nikolett , Kristóf Katalin , Kocsis Béla , Szabó Dóra
Published: February 2018

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants including, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and qepA, were investigated in 214 Enterobacteriaceae strains from urine clinical samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem was performed by broth microdilution method. All strains were screened for PMQR genes by PCR. Virulence determinants, namely afa, pap, pil, sfa/foc, and kpsMT of eight Escherichia coli strains proven positive for at least one qnr gene, were investigated by PCR. All of the eight investigated strains carried the pil gene, showing that P fimbria is a common virulence determinant among qnr positive E. coli. Out of 214 tested strains, 38 yielded any PMQR determinant, altogether 45 genes were detected namely, 6 qnrA, 1 qnrB, 2 qnrD and 8 qnrS, 9 aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and 19 oqxAB; however, neither qepA nor qnrC were detected. Notably, 18 Klebsiella spp., harbored oqxAB, nine E. coli were positive for qnrS and two Morganella morganii yielded qnrD resistance determinant. In this study, we demonstrated 17.7% prevalence of PMQR-positive Enterobacteriaceae and first reported qnrD-resistance determinant in Hungary. Altogether, 25 PMQR-positive strains were susceptible or low-level resistant to ciprofloxacin with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 0.06 and 1 mg/L, suggesting that prevalence of PMQR determinants is underestimated and screening among clinical isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility is necessary. Fluoroquinolone resistance breakpoints of Enterobacteriaceae were revised in 2017 by European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing indicating ciprofloxacin susceptibility only until 0.25 mg/L MIC value.
PENENTUAN MASSA TEREROSI UNTUK BERBAGAI MATERIAL KATODA IGNITOR
Authors: R.M Lely Susita , Anggraini Anjar , Aziz Ihwanul
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAKPENENTUAN MASSA TEREROSI UNTUK BERBAGAI MATERIAL KATODA IGNITOR. Sistem elektroda ignitor yang berfungsi menginisiasi lucutan plasma terdiri dari dua buah elektroda ignitor yang dilengkapi dengan satu unit sistem catudaya lucutan ignitor (Ignitor Discharge Power Supply) dengan 2 trafo flyback, dimana inti ferit flyback masing-masing berdiameter 1,3 cm dan 1,5 cm sehingga diperoleh arus spot plasma yang berbeda untuk kedua sistem elektroda ignitor.  Arus spot plasma tergantung pada jenis material katoda. Semakin besar arus menuju katoda maka semakin besar spot plasma yang dihasilkan sehingga semakin besar pula material katoda yang tererosi.  Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji fungsi sistem elektroda ignitor, dan dari hasil uji fungsi dapat ditentukan besarnya massa dan partikel material katoda ignitor yang tererosi untuk menentukan umur katoda akibat hilangnya bahan di permukaan katoda setelah terbentuk spot plasma.  Hasil pengujian spot plasma pada permukaan katoda ignitor menggunakan material Mg, diperoleh arus spot plasma 13 A dan lebar pulsa 38 µdet, sedangkan untuk material Ag, Al, Cd dan Cu masing-masing diperoleh arus spot plasma 14,32 A, 12,34 A, 12,56 A dan 10,58 A lebar pulsa 22 µdet, 39 µdet, 38 µdet, dan 34 µdet.  Material katoda yang paling baik untuk sistem elektroda ignitor adalah magnesium karena mempunyai laju erosi γ paling rendah (11,7 µg/C) sehingga tidak mudah tererosi dan rusak.  Dari hasil pengujian spot plasma diperoleh  massa katoda tererosi untuk material Mg yang paling rendah yaitu 5,78 nano gram dan katoda akan berkurang sepanjang 11,75 μm, sedangkan massa katoda tererosi paling tinggi adalah Cd (laju erosi 43,9 µg/C) sebesar 20,95 nano gram, dimana katoda akan berkurang sepanjang 85,67 μm
PERBANDINGAN HASIL KONSTRUKSI TERHADAP HASIL SIMULASI DARI ISOKRONUS MAGNET SIKLOTRON DECY-13
Authors: Fajar Sidik Permana Idrus Abdul Kudus, Taufik, Kurnia Wibowo,
Published: February 2018

Dalam siklotron, magnet merupakan komponen utama untuk menghasilkan lintasan partikel melingkar dan memfokuskan berkas partikel. Sebuah sistem magnet siklotron dengan kapasitas 13 MeV telah berhasil dibangun. Selanjutnya karakteristiknya dievaluasi dengan membandingkan nilai isokronus magnet yang dibangun terhadap hasil simulasi. Proses tersebut dilakukan melalui tahapan komisioning dan pemetaan medan magnet (untuk mengukur distribusi medan magnet dari setiap hill magnet dengan menggunakan sensor Tesla Meter dalam interval jarak pengambilan data 5 mm selama +9 jam). Dengan menggunakan arus koil maksimum 133 A dan menggunakan 2 (dua) hall probe hasil mapping medan magnet menghasilkan kurva medan rerata di atas medan isokronus dengan rentang kesalahan 0,3%. Akan tetapi, pada jari-jari kurang dari 8 cm medan rerata masih dibawah kurva isokronous. Oleh karena itu, perlu proses shimming dengan menambah ketebalan bump 0,5 mm pada area pusat dan mengurangi medan rerata pada jari-jari lebih dari 8 cm supaya mendekati kurva isokronous.
Asociación baropodométrica del primer metatarsiano en el síndrome de stress tibial medial.
Authors: Gómez Bernal Antonio , Alfaro Santafé Javier , Plaza Ruiz Ana Maria , Sánchez Jurado Francisco Manuel , Luque Bellido Ismael , Almenar Arasanz Alejandro Jesús
Published: February 2018

Objetivos: El síndrome de estrés tibial medial (SETM) es una lesión de sobreuso por estrés mecánico, que se localiza por lo general en el borde postero-medial de la tibia. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar la diferencia baropodométrica existente en la primera cabeza metatarsal entre dos grupos. Métodos: Se analizaron las huellas de 30 participantes, de los cuales 15 padecían SETM y 15 controles. Se trata de un estudio observacional en el que se obtuvieron las huellas baropodométricas de los participantes, caminando sobre una plataforma de presiones. Se cuantificó la presión plantar media y la integral presión/tiempo que estaba recibiendo cada paciente en la primera cabeza metatarsal. Realizamos la prueba t-student para muestras independientes con el objetivo de definir las diferencias.Resultados: Los resultados de la variable presión plantar media muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los 2 grupos (p=0,001 para pie izquierdo y p=0,001 para pie derecho). Por el contrario no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la variable integral presión/tiempo en ambos grupos (p=0,327 para pie izquierdo y p=0,300 para pie derecho).Conclusiones: Según nuestro estudio, los resultados obtenidos concluyen que el SETM se ocasiona con mayor frecuencia en personas con una disminución significativa de la presión plantar en la cabeza del primer metatarsiano medida en plataforma baropodométrica. Consideramos que son necesarios más estudios que evidencien esta relación biomecánica mediante plantillas instrumentadas.
Actualización en el abordaje ortoprotésico en las Enfermedades de Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Authors: Pousada García Thais , Garabal Barbeira Jessica , Groba Gonzalez Betania , Nieto Riveiro Laura , Pereira Loureiro Javier , Pazos Sierra Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Objetivos Este artículo pretende ofrecer una síntesis acerca de las principales características de la intervención y abordaje de las complicaciones del pie en personas afectadas por las enfermedades de Charcot-Marie-Tooth.Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases Pubmed y Scopus, seleccionando, a la vez, información relevante sobre el estado del arte en guías de intervención en enfermedades neuromusculares.Resultados: Se exponen las principales características y repercusiones de la enfermedad, complicaciones asociadas y las técnicas de intervención. Los productos de apoyo, ortesis y  calzado ortopédico son complementos indispensables para ofrecer un tratamiento integral al usuario, con el fin de alcanzar un mayor grado de autonomía personal.Conclusiones: Los profesionales del equipo interdisciplinar han de conocer las características de estas enfermedades y las limitaciones que éstas provocan en las actividades de la vida diaria para poder ofrecer una atención que repercuta favorablemente en la calidad de vida.
Therapeutic guidelines for antimicrobial use in chronic suppurative otitis media for a tertiary care hospital in Sub Himalayan region
Authors: Sawaraj Sushma , Dogra Sunder Singh , Kansal Dinesh , Thakur Kamlesh , Sharma Parveen Kumar
Published: February 2018

Background: The battle against micro-organisms, in their role as primary cause of the disease and infective complications of medical and surgical techniques, has not decreased in spite of modern antimicrobial therapy. Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a disease with worldwide prevalence having potentially serious long term effects. The disease remains an important global public health problem leading to hearing impairment, and due to wide spread irrational use microbial resistance is very common to these antibiotics, thereby leading to treatment failure. Hence it is important to know the type of bacteria and their sensitivity pattern so that appropriate antibiotics may be given for treatment and prevention of complications.Methods: 428 patients of otitis media were enrolled from ENT OPD of Tertiary Care Hospital. Ear swab was taken from diagnosed cases of CSOM and culture and sensitivity were done.Results: The microbiology of the swab showed no growth in (25.4%) of samples. Staphylococcus aureus (26%) and Pseudomonas (25%) were the main organisms isolated. Staphylococcus aureus isolated was sensitive to vancomycin, clindamycin, cefixime, gentamicin and cefipime in descending order. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin, gentamicin, cefipime. In the present study Staph. aureus and Pseudomonas were the predominant bacteria, it is suggested to undertake a gram staining in all patients. If gram positive organisms are isolated it is suggested that presumptive treatment should be directed against Staphylococcus aureus and if gram negative then against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Such a treatment is not only likely to be effective but will also go a long way in preventing emergence of drug resistance.Conclusions: The antimicrobial therapy should be based on locally determined microbiological isolates and local sensitivity patterns to a particular antimicrobial agent. The presumptive antimicrobial therapy should therefore be directed against these organisms.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of medical professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Srinivas Mangala , Sharma Sangeeta Nath , Holla Rajendra
Published: February 2018

Background: The present study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare providers regarding adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, it’s a observational, KAP cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The KAP questionnaires was developed toward pharmacovigilance and ADRs and were used to assess the medical professionals.Results: Only 64% of doctors, 52% PG’s and 40% of nurses knew the correct knowledge regarding Pharmacovigilance (PhV). Regarding the attitude, all the respondents think reporting of ADR is a very necessary. 98% of doctors,80% of postgraduates and 96% of nurses have experienced ADR in the patient in their professional practice but reporting of same is very less. The factors discouraging them from reporting ADR’s was also assessed. 34% said difficult to decide whether ADR has occurred or not, 34% said lack of time, 17%- no remuneration and 15% said a single unreported case may not affect ADR database.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance is gradually improving among medical professionals, but unfortunately the actual practice of ADR reporting is still deficient among them.
Assessment of causality and severity of various reported adverse drug reactions by different classes of anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Rasool Shaheena , Nazeer Masarat , Majeed Mehwish
Published: February 2018

Background: Chemotherapy involves highly complex regimens and hence accounts to high susceptibility towards Adverse Drug Reactions. All antineoplastic drugs have potential to cause one or more Adverse Drug Reactions which may vary from mild to severe form. So the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions in patients treated with chemotherapy.Methods: After getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, the prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in association with Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar between April 2015 to October 2016. All patients of either sex and any age receiving anti-cancer drugs in the inpatient department of radiation oncology were included. The mean age of the study population was 51 years and 53.9% of them were males and 46.1% of them were females. The WHO-UMC system was used for assessment of case programme and case reports. The severity of adverse drug reactions was determined by using modified Hart wig and Siegel scale.Results: Most of the reported ADR’s were moderate to mild in severity according to modified Hart wig and Siegel scale. Most of the frequent ADR’s were certain followed by probable and possible according to WHO-UMC causality assessment.Conclusions: Antineoplastic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index and the dosage needed to achieve a therapeutic response usually proves toxic to the body’s rapidly proliferating cells. Measures need to be put into place to reduce the physical, emotional and economic burden on the patient due to adverse drug reactions. Therefore, there is a need for vigilant ADR monitoring to decrease morbidity and mortality due to ADR’s which require further studies on large populations.
Pre-treatment effect of myo-inositol and l-5, methyltetrahydrofolate in ovulation induction oocyte quality and pregnancy outcome in clomiphene resistance polycystic ovarian disease
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Shukla Anand , Singh Sunita , Agarwal Rajni
Published: February 2018

Background: This study was designed to assess the treatment effect of myo-inositol and l-5, methyltetrahydrofolate in oocyte quality, pregnancy outcome in clomiphene citrate resistance PCOS cases.Methods: Authors conducted prospective open label, randomized, parallel group study in SIMS Hapur, U.P. Eligible patients full filling inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups having 25 patients in each group using myo-inositol 580mg and l-5, methyltetrahydrofolate 800mcg in treatment group and tab folic acid 400mcg in placebo group for 12 weeks. The follow-up visits are on weeks 4, 8 and 12.Results: 12 weeks later, 21 patients in treatment group restored one spontaneous menstrual cycle and 19 patients maintained the normal ovulatory activity in follow up cycle. Ovulation induction done in 18 patients with clomiphene citrate at the dose of 50mg during treatment out of which 10 conceive, as compared with only 9 women out of the 25 women (36 percent) in the placebo group ovulate (P>0.001) out of which 4 conceived. There was significant decrease in Sr. testosterone, DHEA and AMH level and estradiol level, while statically significant increase in Sr. SHBG and FSH level seen in treatment group(p<0.001).Conclusions: In the study, more number of studied patients get back to normal menstrual cyclicity, insulin-lowering activity and its intracellular role in oocyte maturation. Significant Dec seen in serum estradiol level at the day of HCG administration.