bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined kinetic analysis of solid‐state reactions: The integral method (ICKA)
Authors: Casal M.D. , Marbán Gregorio
Published: August 2020

In this work, we propose the first Integral method for the Combined Kinetic Analysis (ICKA) of solid‐state reactions typically performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The ICKA method prevents the systematic inaccuracies inherent to all the differential methods, including the standard CKA method. Two main achievements have been made for implementing the method: (1) the most accurate approximation for the general temperature integral yet developed, and (2) a general integral form of the kinetic model of the type g (α) = (abcZ)−1 [1 − (1 − αa)b]c, where Z is a parameter evaluated together with the preexponential factor and a, b, and c are fitting parameters. This expression allows any known kinetic model to be exactly or very closely reproduced. Together, the two developments yield an equation for the conversion, α, that has been successfully fitted to simulated conversion values of single‐step reaction processes following different kinetic models. The curve fitting resulted in the same values of the kinetic and model parameters as those from which the simulated conversion curves were originally built, proving the validity of the ICKA method.
Vocal Tradeoffs in Anterior Glottoplasty for Voice Feminization
Authors: Titze Ingo R. , Palaparthi Anil , Mau Ted
Published: August 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Anterior (Wendler) glottoplasty has become a popular surgery for voice feminization. However, there has been some discrepancy between its theoretical pitch‐raising potential and what is actually achievable, and downsides to shortening the glottis have not been fully explored. In addition, descriptions of the surgery are inconsistent in their treatment of the vocal ligament. This study aimed to determine 1) how fundamental frequency (fo) is expected to vary with length of anterior glottic fixation, 2) the impact of glottic shortening on sound pressure level (SPL), and 3) the effect of including the ligament in fixation.

Study Design

Computational simulation.

Methods

Voice production was simulated in a fiber‐gel finite element computational model using canonical male vocal fold geometry incorporating a three‐layer vocal fold composition (superficial lamina propria, vocal ligament, and thyroarytenoid muscle). Progressive anterior glottic fixation (0, 1/8, 2/8, 3/8, etc. up to 7/8 of membranous vocal fold length) was simulated. Outcome measures were fo, SPL, and glottal flow waveforms.

Results

fo increased from 110 Hz to 164 Hz when the anterior one‐half vocal fold was fixed and continued to progressively rise with further fixation. SPL progressively decreased beyond 1/8 to 1/4 fixation. Inclusion of the vocal ligament in fixation did not further increase fo. Any fixation increased aperiodicity in the acoustic signal.

Conclusions

The optimal length of fixation is a compromise between pitch elevation and reduction in output acoustic power. The simulation also provided a potential explanation for vocal roughness that is sometimes noted after anterior glottoplasty.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:1081–1087, 2021
Application of the Spider Limb Positioner to Subscapular System Free Flaps
Authors: Bender‐Heine Adam , Young Gavin , Moy Jennifer , Weedman Savannah , Wax Mark K.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To demonstrate the application and surgical time savings of the Spider Limb Positioner for subscapular system free flaps in head and neck reconstructive surgery.

Methods

Single institution retrospective chart review and analysis of patients between 2011 and 2019 that underwent a subscapular system free flap either with or without use of the Spider Limb Positioner. One hundred five patients in total were reviewed with 53 patients in the Spider group. The surgical times were compared between the two groups. Patient‐specific information regarding average age, laterality of donor site, recipient site, gender, and flap type were reviewed.

Results

Forty‐one patients in both groups underwent a latissimus free flap. Twelve of 53 in the Spider group and 11/52 in the control group underwent a scapula free flap. The average age in the Spider group at the time of surgery was 64 years. The recipient sites for the Spider groups were reviewed. The free flap was ipsilateral to the defect in 81% of cases. The mean surgical time for the 105 patients without the Spider was 568 minutes versus 486 minutes with a Spider P‐value of .003478.

Conclusion

Use of the Spider Limb Positioner allows for a simultaneous two‐team approach during free flap elevation of the subscapular system, which eliminates both dependence on an assistant to support the arm and time consuming positioning changes during flap elevation.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:525–528, 2021
Method of Preparation of Soluble PEDOT: Self‐Polymerization of EDOT without Oxidant at Room Temperature
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Ivanko Iryna , Svoboda Jan , Šeděnková Ivana , Zhigunov Alexander , Hromádková Jiřina , Pánek Jiří , Lukešová Miroslava , Velychkivska Nadiia , Janisová Larysa
Published: August 2020

The preparation of soluble conducting polymers proceeds by the chemical oxidation method in the presence of water‐soluble polyelectrolytes. Among conducting polymers, polyethylene‐(3,4‐dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is the most investigated due to its intrinsic properties. In this work, for the first time a simple method of ethylene‐(3,4‐dioxythiophne) self‐polymerization without applying any oxidant and with the formation of PEDOT solution at room temperature with a yield of 100% is presented. This PEDOT solution could be deposited on many desirable surfaces (by simple evaporation of the solvent) for various applications from photovoltaic cell to pseudocapacitors. Moreover, it is discovered that the self‐polymerization method does not produce byproducts, which makes the method environmentally friendly. The effect of light and different acids is explored. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of PEDOT by the self‐polymerization method. Moreover, this method provides a way to obtain and study individual PEDOT chains. The self‐polymerization method may be applied for the preparation of other conducting polymers.
Echo‐Focusing in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Jones Ryan M. , Huang Yuexi , Meng Ying , Scantlebury Nadia , Schwartz Michael L. , Lipsman Nir , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: August 2020

Background

Transcranial magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) systems currently employ computed tomography (CT)–based aberration corrections, which may provide suboptimal trans‐skull focusing.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate a contrast agent microbubble imaging‐based transcranial focusing method, echo‐focusing (EF), during TcMRgFUS for essential tremor.

Methods

A clinical trial of TcMRgFUS thalamotomy using EF for the treatment of essential tremor was conducted (NCT03935581; funded by InSightec [Tirat Carmel, Israel]). Patients (n = 12) were injected with Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) microbubbles, and EF was performed using a research feature add‐on to a commercial TcMRgFUS system (ExAblate Neuro, InSightec). Subablative thermal sonications carried out using (1) EF and (2) CT‐based aberration corrections were compared via magnetic resonance thermometry, and the optimal focusing method for each patient was employed for TcMRgFUS thalamotomy.

Results

EF aberration corrections provided increased sonication efficiency, decreased focal size, and equivalent targeting accuracy relative to CT‐based focusing. EF aberration corrections were employed successfully for lesion formation in all 12 patients, 3 of whom had previously undergone unsuccessful TcMRgFUS thalamotomy via CT‐based focusing. There were no adverse events related directly to the EF procedure.

Conclusions

EF is feasible and appears safe during TcMRgFUS thalamotomy for essential tremor and improves on the trans‐skull focal quality provided by existing CT‐based focusing methods. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Improved estimation of global solar radiation over rugged terrains by the disaggregation of Satellite Applications Facility on Land Surface Analysis data (LSA SAF)
Authors: Fibbi Luca , Maselli Fabio , Pieri Maurizio
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a new method to predict global solar radiation over irregular terrain, named Estimation of global solar RADiation (ERAD). The method is based on the disaggregation of Satellite Applications Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF) data using a digital elevation model and is applied in Italy with a time step of 1 min and a spatial resolution of 200 m. A quantitative assessment of ERAD is performed in comparison with three other standard methods (Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model [MTCLIM], LSA SAF and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service [CAMS]) using measurements taken in 43 stations located in Italy or in the surrounding countries, in the years 2005–2016. Such assessment concerns the irradiance incoming on a horizontal surface, which is measured by ground radiation sensors and is summarized by means of four accuracy statistics (i.e. mean absolute error [MAE], root mean square error [RMSE], coefficient of determination [R2] and mean bias error [MBE]). Overall, the average daily global solar radiation estimates obtained by ERAD have RMSE and R2 about 25 W·m−2 and 0.943, respectively. These statistics are similar to those of LSA SAF and better than those of CAMS and, above all, MTCLIM. The bias analysis by elevation ranges shows a slight ERAD overestimation over plains and hills and a slight underestimation over mountains. An additional qualitative assessment shows how the ERAD radiation estimates are more spatially detailed than those of the other methods and are redistributed on inclined surfaces consistently with expectations.
A critical Kirchhoff‐type problem driven by a p (·)‐fractional Laplace operator with variable s (·) ‐order
Authors: Zuo Jiabin , An Tianqing , Fiscella Alessio
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with the following Kirchhoff‐type problem

where M models a Kirchhoff coefficient,
is a variable s(·)‐order p(·)‐fractional Laplace operator, with
and
. Here,
is a bounded smooth domain with N > p(x, y)s(x, y) for any
, μ is a positive parameter, g is a continuous and subcritical function, while variable exponent r(x) could be close to the critical exponent
, given with
and
for
. We prove the existence and asymptotic behavior of at least one non‐trivial solution. For this, we exploit a suitable tricky step analysis of the critical mountain pass level, combined with a Brézis and Lieb‐type lemma for fractional Sobolev spaces with variable order and variable exponent.
Balanced four‐pole frequency‐agile bandpass filter with constant absolute bandwidth and four transmission zeros
Authors: Li Zhiyou , Tang Xiaohong , Liu Yong , Lu Di , Cai Zongqi
Published: August 2020

In this letter, a four‐pole balanced frequency‐agile bandpass filter (BAL‐FA‐BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and four transmission zeros (TZs) is reported. This design is based on the advanced coupling matrix technique which ensures the realization of CABW for the filter. The fully‐canonical coupling topology with cross‐coupling and source‐load coupling is adopted, which introduces four TZs for the differential‐mode passband. The tunable half‐wavelength resonators are used and loaded by resistors, which effectively enhances the common‐mode (CM) suppression. The demonstrative BAL‐FA‐BPF has a frequency tuning range of 1.92‐2.97 GHz (42.9%) and keeps the absolute bandwidth within 167 ± 3.7 MHz (2.2%) over entire the FTR. CM suppression is better than 40 dB.
Growth and Clinical Outcomes of Very Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants Receiving Acidified vs Nonacidified Liquid Human Milk Fortifiers
Authors: Cordova Erika G. , Soldateli Betina , Rosner Bernard , Drouin Kaitlin , Davitt Emma , Pepin Hunter L. , Ellard Deirdre M. , Yu Angela , Bell Katherine , Belfort Mandy Brown
Published: August 2020

Background

Liquid human milk fortifiers are used commonly in neonatal intensive care. Use of an acidified HMF (A‐HMF) is associated with transient metabolic acidosis, but whether growth outcomes differ between infants fed A‐HMF vs nonacidified HMF (NA‐HMF) remains unknown.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 255 infants born at <33 weeks' gestation and ≤1500 g who were receiving ≥75% fortified human milk on day of life 14, in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May 2015 to December 2018. Infants born before October 2017 (n = 165) received A‐HMF, whereas infants born after October 2017 (n = 90) received NA‐HMF. We used logistic regression to estimate odds of metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate <16 mEq/L in the first 21 days of life) in infants receiving A‐HMF vs NA‐HMF and linear mixed models to compare the mean size at discharge (weight, length, head z‐scores) by HMF type. We adjusted models for confounders and accounted for the nonindependence of multiple births.

Results

Median gestational age was 28.7 weeks (range, 22.6–32.9) and birth weight 1.1 kg (range, 0.4–1.5). Infants receiving A‐HMF had higher adjusted odds of metabolic acidosis than infants receiving NA–HMF (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2–6.2). There were no differences between groups in size z‐scores at discharge.

Conclusions

In human‐milkfed, very‐low‐birthweight infants, fortification with liquid A‐HMF may contribute to metabolic acidosis in the first month of life, but this practice does not appear to impair growth through NICU discharge, compared with fortification with NA‐HMF.
Nitrogen‐Containing Hydrochar: The Influence of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds on the Hydrochar Formation
Authors: Alhnidi Muhammad‐Jamal , Körner Paul , Wüst Dominik , Pfersich Jens , Kruse Andrea
Published: August 2020

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of fructose and urea containing solutions was conducted at 180 °C to study the influence of nitrogen‐containing compounds on the conversion process and HTC products properties. The concentration of fructose was fixed, while the concentration of urea was gradually increased to study its influence on the formation of nitrogen‐containing hydrochar (N−HC). The degradation of urea has an important influence on the HTC of fructose. The Maillard reaction (MR) promotes the formation of N−HC in acidic conditions. However, in alkaline conditions, MR promotes the formation of bio‐oil at the expense of N−HC. Alkaline conditions reduce N−HC yield by catalyzing fragmentation reactions of fructose and by promoting the isomerization of fructose to glucose. The results showed that adjusting the concentration of nitrogen‐containing compounds or the pH value of the reaction environment is important to force the reaction toward the formation of N−HC or N‐bio‐oil.
Clozapine treatment in schizophrenia, intellectual difficulty and trisomy 5p
Authors: Majothi Naeema , Lee Hean Yeung , Narayan Manoj , Butterfield Victoria
Published: August 2020

There is a considerable paucity of empirical data on the use of clozapine in people with intellectual disability, and to the authors’ knowledge these are the first published data on its use in a patient with trisomy 5p and with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this case we describe a patient with learning difficulties and a diagnosis of trisomy 5p and schizophrenia that has responded remarkably to clozapine treatment despite numerous additional clinical risk factors.
Management of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yahya Ahmed Saeed , Khawaja Shakil , Chukwuma Jude
Published: August 2020

The non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are recognised to cause significant impairment in quality of life. In this review, the authors concentrate on the impulse control disorders and describe the current evidence base for psychological treatments, highlighting the importance of appropriate psychoeducation and timely recognition to prevent adverse consequences.
Patient and proxy reports regarding the experience of treatment decision‐making in cancer care
Authors: Roydhouse Jessica K. , Gutman Roee , Wilson Ira B. , Kehl Kenneth L. , Keating Nancy L.
Published: August 2020

Objective

Shared decision‐making, including the elicitation of patient preferences regarding treatment decisions, is considered part of high‐quality cancer care. However, patients may not be able to self‐report due to illness, and therefore proxy reports may be used. We sought to determine the difference between proxy and patient reports about patient decisions and preferences among patients who received or were scheduled for chemotherapy using data from a large, population‐based survey of patients with incident lung or colorectal cancer.

Methods

Of 3573 patients who received or were scheduled for chemotherapy, 3108 self‐reported and 465 had proxies reporting on their behalf about preferred and actual decision roles regarding this treatment. Preferred and actual decision roles were assessed using the Control Preferences Scale, and categorized as shared, patient‐controlled, or doctor‐controlled. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between patient and proxy responses and whether preferences were met. The models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables and patient/proxy‐reported health status.

Results

Sixty‐three percent of all respondents reported actual roles in decisions that matched their preferred roles (role attainment). Proxies and patients were similarly likely to report role attainment (65% vs 63%). In adjusted analyses, proxies were more likely report role attainment (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.02‐1.59), but this difference was smaller if health variables were excluded from the model (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.92‐1.41).

Conclusion

Most patients' preferences for treatment participation were met. Surveys from proxies appear to yield small differences on the reports of attainment of preferred treatment decision‐making roles in cancer care vs surveys from patients.
Video cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia in cancer patients: A cost‐effective alternative
Authors: Savard Josée , Ivers Hans , Morin Charles M. , Lacroix Guy
Published: August 2020

Objective

Despite its high prevalence, cancer‐related insomnia typically remains untreated because of a lack of access to cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I), the treatment of choice for this condition. While face‐to‐face CBT‐I appears to be optimal in terms of efficacy, self‐administered formats may be more cost‐effective. The goal of this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was to compare the cost‐effectiveness of a professionally‐based CBT‐I (PCBT‐I) to that of a video‐based CBT‐I (VCBT‐I).

Methods

A total of 161 women with breast cancer received six weekly, individual CBT‐I sessions (PCBT‐I; n = 81) or a 60‐minutes animated video +6 short booklets (VCBT‐I; n = 80). Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and provided information to calculate treatment costs.

Results

Total per patient treatment costs were 5.5 times greater for PCBT‐I ($1298.90) than VCBT‐I ($234.36; P < .0001). Both at posttreatment and 3‐month follow‐up, the ISI reduction was greater in PCBT‐I than VCBT‐I, but these differences were not significant (P = .09 and P = .24, respectively). In contrast, the cost‐effectiveness ratio was significantly more advantageous for VCBT‐I than PCBT‐I. Compared to VCBT‐I, each reduction of 1 unit on the ISI produced by PCBT‐I was associated with a treatment cost that was significantly greater at posttreatment ($186.95 CAD vs $44.87 CAD; P = .001) and follow‐up ($154.76 vs $24.97, P = .005).

Conclusions

Although CBT‐I is slightly less efficacious when self‐administered, it constitutes a much more cost‐effective alternative than face‐to‐face CBT‐I and represents an extremely valuable option in settings where monetary and human resources required to administer CBT‐I are not available or sufficient.
Spiritual peace and life meaning may buffer the effect of anxiety on physical well‐being in newly diagnosed cancer survivors
Authors: Sleight Alix G. , Boyd Patrick , Klein William M. P. , Jensen Roxanne E.
Published: August 2020

Objective

To assess the extent to which spiritual well‐being moderates the relationship between anxiety and physical well‐being in a diverse, community‐based cohort of newly diagnosed cancer survivors.

Methods

Data originated from the Measuring Your Health (MY‐Health) study cohort (n = 5506), comprising people assessed within 6‐13 months of cancer diagnosis. Life meaning/peace was assessed using the 8‐item subscale of the Spiritual Well‐Being Scale (FACIT‐Sp‐12). Anxiety was measured with an 11‐item PROMIS Anxiety short form, and physical well‐being was assessed using the 7‐item FACT‐G subscale. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships among variables.

Results

Life meaning and peace was negatively associated with anxiety, b = −0.56 (P < .001) and positively associated with physical well‐being, b = 0.43 (P = <.001) after adjusting for race, education, income, and age. A significant interaction between life meaning/peace and anxiety emerged (P < .001) indicating that spiritual well‐being moderates the relationship between anxiety and physical well‐being. Specifically, for cancer survivors high in anxiety, physical well‐being was dependent on levels of life meaning/peace, b = 0.19, P < .001. For those low in anxiety, physical well‐being was not associated with levels of life meaning/peace, b = 0.01, P = .541. Differences in cancer clinical factors (cancer stage at diagnosis, cancer type) did not significantly impact results.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to assess how spiritual well‐being may buffer the negative effect of anxiety on physical well‐being. A clinical focus on spiritual well‐being topics such as peace and life meaning may help cancer survivors of all types as they transition into follow‐up care.
Botanic garden solutions to the plant extinction crisis
Authors: Westwood Murphy , Cavender Nicole , Meyer Abby , Smith Paul
Published: August 2020

Social Impact Statement

Botanic gardens and arboreta have evolved significantly from their origins as oases reserved for the elite, to the conservation powerhouses they are today, visited by over half a billion people annually. Now, with their sophisticated facilities and botanical expertise, gardens are uniquely positioned to address many of the challenges associated with preserving plant diversity for the benefit of people and the planet. Globally, however, resources for and awareness of these efforts are limited. Funders, governments, corporations, and global citizens need to greatly increase their support of gardens, recognizing the critical role they play in a scientifically informed, coordinated, global effort to save plants from extinction – because all life depends on plants.

Over centuries, botanic gardens and arboreta have evolved considerably in purpose and audience, from a historic focus on teaching and reference collections to championing plant conservation today; gardens fill a major global conservation need at the intersection of horticulture, living collections, plant science, and public education. With a sixth global mass extinction event underway, we are losing plant species before they can even be described, and over 20% of plant species are threatened with extinction. In response to this crisis, gardens are increasingly placing the conservation of plant diversity at the center of their missions, programming, and collections. However, there are significant challenges to preserving the world's vast plant diversity, and plant conservation efforts remain chronically underfunded. We envision a future where gardens have the resources, coordination, and capacity needed to reverse the plant extinction crisis. With sufficient resources, the garden community could: (a) operate an active network of globally coordinated gardens with capacity to carry out integrated plant conservation focused in biodiverse regions; (b) complete threat assessments for all plant species, to inform and prioritize conservation efforts; (c) conserve all “exceptional species” in genetically diverse living collections; and (d) ensure more informed, resilient, and productive landscape restoration efforts are successfully sequestering carbon and supporting biodiversity globally. The garden community is poised to lead these global efforts to preserve and protect plant diversity. Gardens have the expertise, tools, facilities, and networks in place to be the strongest force for plant conservation – they just need the resources to match the global need.
Density functional theoretical tailoring of electronic effect through various substituents on calix[4]arene‐crown‐6 for efficient Cs+ ion encapsulation and extraction
Authors: Boda Anil , Ali Sk. Musharaf
Published: August 2020

The structure, energetic, and quantum chemical descriptors of Cs+ complexes of calix[4]arene‐crown‐6 (C4C6) and substituted C4C6, that is, 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy C4C6, are reported here based on the analysis of results obtained using density functional theory (DFT). Substitution of benzo group in both C4C6 and 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy C4C6 resulted in a reduction of binding energy (BE). Further substitution of the benzo group with methyl, methoxy, and amino groups leads to an increase in BE, and nitro substitution leads to decrease in BE for C4C6, whereas in the case of 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy calix[4]arenebenzocrown‐6, methoxy substitution leads to the highest BE compared to other complexes. The calculated Gibbs free energy, ΔGgas also followed the same order as BE in the case of 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy C4C6 and their substituted ligands. Furthermore, the ΔG of complexation was computed using a thermodynamic cycle with conductor‐like screening model in different solvents: toluene, chloroform, octanol, and nitrobenzene. The values of ΔGext are found to be increased with an increase in the dielectric constant of the solvent and were found to be highest in the nitrobenzene. The atoms in molecule analysis reveals partial ionic character in the CsO bond. Among all the studied complexes, 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy calix[4]arene 3′‐methoxy benzo crown‐6 displays highest ΔGext in nitrobenzene. The calculated value of ∆∆Gext (∆∆G = ∆GCs+ − ∆GNa+) is found to be −41.82 kcal/mol with 1,3 alternate‐diethoxy calix[4]arene 3′‐methoxy benzocrown‐6, which is higher than that obtained with calix [4] bis‐crown‐6 (−5.24 kcal/mol). The newly designed ligand might be suitable for the selective extraction of Cs+ over Na+ in the reprocessing of nuclear waste and thus invites experimentalists to test this DFT finding in the laboratory.
Bronchosubcutaneous fistula manifesting as massive subcutaneous emphysema treated successfully by endobronchial Watanabe spigots
Authors: Yanagiya Masahiro , Hiyama Noriko , Takeshima Hideyuki , Usui Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Jun
Published: August 2020

A bronchosubcutaneous fistula (BF) is an abnormal communication between the bronchus, pleural cavity, and subcutaneous tissue. Treatment of BF has been documented rarely. We describe a successful endoscopic bronchial occlusion using endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWSs) for BF manifesting as massive subcutaneous emphysema (SE). A 78‐year‐old woman developed delayed localized SE following a surgical pleural biopsy for the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed BFs resulting from pleural biopsy. The affected bronchi were identified using chest CT. We inserted EWSs into the affected bronchi with the aid of virtual bronchoscopic navigation. This bronchoscopic procedure achieved complete resolution of the SE by sealing the BFs without the need for surgical interventions.
Two‐Coordinate Cu(I) and Au(I) Complexes Supported by BICAAC and CAAC Ligands
Authors: Manar Krishna K. , Chakrabortty Soumyadeep , Porwal Vishal Kumar , Prakash Darsana , Thakur Sandeep Kumar , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Singh Sanjay
Published: August 2020

Two‐coordinate Cu(I) and Au(I) complexes supported by bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene, [BICAAC‐CuCl] (1), [BICAAC‐CuI] (2), [(BICAAC)2Cu]+[PF6]– (3) and [(BICAAC)2Au]+[AuCl2]– (6) have been synthesized. The reaction of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene, CAACcy with CuCl afforded [CAACcy‐CuCl] (4) and its further reaction with KPF6 gave [(CAACcy)2Cu]+[PF6]– (5). Complexes 1–6 have been characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR and UV‐Vis., spectroscopic method and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Single crystal X‐ray structure of heteroleptic complexes 1 and 4 and homoleptic complexes [(BICAAC)2Cu]+[CuI2]– (2’), 3 and 6 have also been determined. The crystal structure of these complexes confirmed linear two‐coordinate geometry around the metal centers. In the solid‐ state, complexes 1, 2’, 4 and 6 displayed C−H⋯M (M=Cu, Au) and weak non‐covalent C−H⋯X (X=Cl, I) and C−H⋯H−C interactions. Computational calculations correlate well to the experimentally observed geometry and help elucidate the absorption characteristics type of transitions and the frontier orbitals involved in them.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Two Discrete 3d‐4f Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Yang Panpan , Yu Shui , Quan Lixia , Hu Huancheng , Liu Dongcheng , Liang Yuning , Li Bo , Liang Fupei , Chen Zilu
Published: August 2020

Two discrete 3d–4f heterometallic complexes [CoIIIDyIII(CH3CN)0.5(L1)3(NO3)3] (1) and [Ni2IIDyIII(EtOH)(L2)4(NO3)2Cl] ⋅ CH3CN (2) were obtained from the reactions of 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HL1) or 2‐methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (HL2) with their corresponding metal salts. Complex 1 presents a dinuclear structure with the Dy(III) and Co(II) ions linked by three phenolic oxygen atoms from three (L1)− ligands. Complex 2 presents a triangular trinuclear structure with the two Ni(II) ions and one Dy(III) ion consolidated by one chloride ligand and four phenolic oxygen atoms from four (L2)− ligands. Their χMT versus T plots show different profiles with obvious ferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions in 2. Both complexes exhibit slow magnetic relaxation behaviours, but with obvious different features. It revealed a cooperatively regulating effect of ligand and transition metal ions on the structures and magnetic properties.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Sulfur Bond Formation through Couplings of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Ethanethioates
Authors: Mao Pu , Sui Hong‐Da , Yuan Jin‐Wei , Xiao Yong‐Mei , Yang Liang‐Ru , Mai Wen‐Peng
Published: August 2020

A nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling between aryl iodides and aryl ethanethioates has been developed to afford diaryl sulfides. This method provides a novel and practical route to aryl thioetherification and can be effectively applied to electronically diverse aryl iodides without expensive metals such as palladium and ruthenium.
INSWF DNAsignal analysis tool: Intelligent noise suppression window filter
Authors: Ahmad Muneer , Ahmad Iftikhar , Bilal Muhammad , Jolfaei Alireza , Mehmood Raja Majid
Published: August 2020

DNA signals mainly differ from standard digital signals due to their biological data contents. Owing to unique properties of DNA signals the conventional signal processing techniques, such as digital filters, suffers with spectral leakage and results in insignificant noise suppression in DNA sequence analysis. This article presents an intelligent noise suppression window filter (INSWF) for DNA signal analysis. The filter demises the signal by separating high‐level frequency contents and by identifying nucleotides with high fuzzy membership contribution at particular locations. The nucleotide contents of signals are later filtered by application of median filtering employing a combination of s‐shaped and z‐shaped filters. The fundamental characteristic of codons usage that causes uneven nucleotides segmentation has been tackled by finding the best fit of the curve in biological contents of filter. One of the fuzzy correlations existing between codons and median that nucleotides incorporated to reduce the signal noise to a larger magnitude. TheINSWFfilter outperformed the existing fixed‐length digital filters tested over 250 benchmarked and random datasets of various species. A notable enhancement of 45% to 130% was achieved by significantly suppressing signal noise as compared with conventional digital filters in DNA sequence analysis.
Cognition in Situations
Authors: Price Taylor
Published: August 2020

The symbolic interactionist tradition can contribute to advancing sociological studies of cognition by setting dual process models on more solid ground. I draw on Blumer's epistemological statements and the interactionist tradition more broadly to consider how dual process models of cognition could be applied to naturally occurring situations. I suggest that attending to the ways the past and the future are handled and modified within social interaction provides a usable inroad for the sociology of cognition to engage with situational analysis. I identify “resonance” and “iterative reprocessing” as concepts that are suitable to this end.
“It's Not a Pattern of Behavior”: Proxy Deflection of Eviction Stigma by Community Care Providers
Authors: Grainger Garrett L.
Published: August 2020

Community care is the “hospital without walls” model of mental health services that deinstitutionalized mental patients in the late‐twentieth century. Neoliberal reforms have challenged the implementation of community care by restricting access to permanent housing. Extreme poverty has rendered eviction commonplace for community care recipients. The mark of an eviction limits lease attainment. As a result, community care providers practice proxy deflection—redemption, externalization, and paternalism—to resist eviction stigma during the leasing process. This paper extends stigma research by examining resistance rather than imposition of stigma by social service providers, contextualizing resistance with the perspective of stigmatizers, and identifying resources that proxy resistance offers service recipients leasing up in stratified private rental markets during the neoliberal era.
Corporate social responsibility and age of productivity: A study on emerging economies
Authors: Yasser Qaiser Rafique , Mamun Abdullah Al , Zaman Sawlat , Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Bhavani Ganga
Published: August 2020

In this article, we examine whether, and how, positive and negative corporate social responsibility events relate to specific demographic characteristics such as directors' age in Asian emerging economies. Using the upper echelon hypothetical perspective of Hambrick and Mason (1984) and based on evidence gathered on 21,647 directors from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, and the Philippines, we find that the demographic characteristics of top management team (TMT), particularly directors' age, has a significant relationship with corporate social responsibilities. Demographic characteristics of directors are an important way to measure individual cognitive bases; cognitive bases in turn combine to create certain team abilities and tendencies, resulting in patterns in board decision outcomes.
Propolis nanoparticles modulate the inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis and nephropathy in rats
Authors: Izzularab Batoul Mohamed , Megeed Mervat , Yehia Mona
Published: August 2020

This study assessed the use of emulsion‐produced propolis nanoparticles for treating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and nephropathy on albino rat model. The evaluation of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and the treatment outcomes involved biochemical investigations of blood samples as well as molecular analysis, and histopathological assessment for liver and kidney tissue samples. CCl4 treatment caused elevated biochemical indicators of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects as detected by liver and kidney functions tests, which improved gradually with propolis nanoparticles treatment. The molecular studies showed an increase in transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), Nephrin, and Caspase‐9, while Bcl‐2 levels dropped in both liver and kidney tissue samples; such changes were normalized after treatment. The histological findings confirm both biochemical and molecular studies. Our results indicated that propolis nanoparticles had an anti‐inflammatory effect as proved by decreased expression of TGF‐β in liver tissue and Nephrin in kidney tissue. The propolis nanoparticles showed an anti‐apoptotic effect on liver and kidney tissue increasing the expression of Bcl‐2 and decreasing the expression of Caspase‐9.
Superradiance and stability of the regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Yong , Zhang Shao-Jun , Li Peng-Cheng , Guo Minyong
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We investigated the superradiance and stability of the regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole which is recently inspired by Glavan and Lin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)]. We found that the positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling constantαenhances the superradiance, while the negativeαsuppresses it. The condition for superradiant instability is proved. We also worked out the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole and found that the real part of all the QNMs does not satisfy the superradiance condition and the imaginary parts are all negative. Therefore this black hole is stable. Whenαmakes the black hole extremal, there are normal modes.
From structural modalities in perinatal medicine to the frequency of preterm birth
Authors: Deindl Philipp , Diemert Anke
Published: August 2020

Preterm birth is a global health problem that affects 11% of all live births: it remains a significant cause of death and an important cause of long-term loss of human potential among survivors all around the world. In the last decade, many developed countries have seen an increase in the rate of infants born preterm. Various theoretical and practical concepts have been discussed that aim to optimize the perinatal care of preterm infants and their mothers. These include the definition of hospitals with different levels of care, the regionalization of care, the creation of large care units with high case numbers, and a high level of expertise. This review article focuses on the connection between health care structures and different aspects of preterm birth. Furthermore, this review article highlights the fact that preterm birth is a heterogeneous syndrome with many underlying pathologies and that the causality for a large number of cases remains unexplained. There is still a significant knowledge gap concerning the actual drivers of spontaneous preterm birth, and future research particularly in parturition immunology as well as genetics of prematurity will be essential to identify new targets for therapy.
The role of the l-IPS in the comprehension of reversible and irreversible sentences: an rTMS study
Authors: Vercesi Lorenzo , Sabnis Prerana , Finocchiaro Chiara , Cattaneo Luigi , Tonolli Elena , Miceli Gabriele
Published: August 2020

Thematic roles can be seen as semantic labels assigned to who/what is taking part in the event denoted by a verb. Encoding thematic relations is crucial for sentence interpretation since it relies on both syntactic and semantic aspects. In previous studies, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left inferior intraparietal sulcus (l-IPS) selectively influenced performance accuracy on reversible passive (but not active) sentences. The effect was attributed to the fact that in these sentences the assignment of the agent and theme roles requires re-analysis of the first-pass sentence parsing.

To evaluate the role of reversibility and non-canonical word order (passive voice) on the effect, rTMS was applied over l-IPS during a sentence comprehension task that included reversible and irreversible, active and passive sentences. Participants were asked to identify who/what was performing the action or who/what the action was being performed on.

Stimulation of the l-IPS increased response time on reversible passive sentences but not on reversible active sentences. Importantly, no effect was found on irreversible sentences, irrespective of sentence diathesis.

Results suggest that neither reversibility nor sentence diathesis alone are responsible for the effect and that the effect is likely to be triggered/constrained by a combination of semantic reversibility and non-canonical word order. Combined with the results of previous studies, and irrespective of the specific role of each feature, these findings support the view that the l-IPS is critically involved in the assignment of thematic roles in reversible sentences.
Sekundäre Linsenimplantation: chirurgische Techniken und Ergebnisse
Authors: Abela-Formanek Claudette , Reumüller Adrian
Published: August 2020

Es stehen verschiedene alternative chirurgische Optionen zur Verfügung, um eine sekundäre Intraokularlinse (IOL) in Augen mit unzureichender Kapselunterstützung zu implantieren. Erfolgreiche Techniken umfassen die Implantation einer irisfixierten IOL (IFIOL), einer kammerwinkelgestützten Vorderkammerlinse (ACIOL) oder verschiedene Variationen zur Sklerafixierung (SFIOL). Jede dieser Methoden hat sich als sicher und effektiv erwiesen, weist jedoch verfahrensspezifische Einschränkungen auf. Jüngste Studien zeigen, dass die Entwicklung neuer chirurgischer Techniken diesen Patienten weiterhin sichere und reproduzierbare Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bietet. Obwohl die Implantation von sekundären IOLs ohne Kapselunterstützung von vielen Faktoren, einschließlich der Präferenz des Chirurgen, abhängt, sind nahtlose sklerafixierende Techniken für die chirurgische Gemeinschaft von wachsendem Interesse. Das Bestreben nach kürzeren und weniger traumatischen Operationen sowie nach reproduzierbaren und funktionell guten Ergebnissen, fördert dabei die Entwicklung von neuen Operationstechniken, Intraokularlinsen und Instrumenten. Diese Übersichtsarbeit gibt einen Einblick in alte und neue Behandlungsmethoden zur Korrektur von Aphakie mit sekundären Intraokularlinsen
Upstream development ofEscherichia colifermentation process withPhoApromoter using design of experiments (DoE)
Authors: Agbogbo Frank K , Ramsey Phil , George Renija , Joy Jobin , Srivastava Shikha , Huang Mian , McCool Jesse
Published: August 2020

In this work, a fed-batch fermentation development was performed with recombinant E. coli carrying the PhoA promoter system. The phosphate concentrations tested for this PhoA strain, 2.79 mM to 86.4 mM, were beyond the concentrations previously evaluated for cell growth and product titer. The results from the scouting work was used for design of experiments (DoE) where a range of phosphate levels from 27.1 mM to 86.4 mM was simultaneously evaluated with temperature, pH and DO set points. Definitive screening was used to evaluate these parameters simultaneously and the results indicate that fermentation temperature and phosphate content are the major contributors of product titer. The other factors tested such as pH had a minimal effect and DO had no impact on product titer.
Using critical race theory to reframe mentor training: theoretical considerations regarding the ecological systems of mentorship
Authors: Vargas Jose H. , Saetermoe Carrie L. , Chavira Gabriela
Published: August 2020

This article offers a theoretical and critical analysis of race-dysconscious mentorship involving students of color and white faculty. Inspired byecological systems theory,critical race theory, and the NIH-funded program,Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity: Promoting Opportunities for Diversity in Education and Research, our analysis considers the ecosystems that promote student pushout and hinder diversification of the scientific workforce, which call for “critical” alternatives to traditional research mentorship. We first examine the historical, social–political, institutional, interpersonal, and intrapsychic ecosystems of traditional mentor–protégé relationships. Two areas are reviewed: (a) “diversity” as it operates in universities and research laboratories and (b) the discursive properties of a dysconscious dialog that rationalizes modern racism. Next, we connect the five ecosystems of mentorship by integrating literature on critical history, white consciousness, the interpersonal context of mentoring, and mentor–protégé phenomenology. Our analysis demonstrates how the racialized lives of members involved in a mentoring relationship are situated within racist macro-level ecological systems wherein intrapsychic and interpersonal actions and discourses unfold. The development of race-consciousness and anti-racist faculty mentor training programs is also discussed.
What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control
Authors: Chorus Ingrid , Spijkerman Elly
Published: August 2020

Colin Reynolds exquisitely consolidated our understanding of driving forces shaping phytoplankton communities and those setting the upper limit to biomass yield, with limitation typically shifting from light in winter to phosphorus in spring. Nonetheless, co-limitation is frequently postulated from enhanced growth responses to enrichments with both N and P or from N:P ranging around the Redfield ratio, concluding a need to reduce both N and P in order to mitigate eutrophication. Here, we review the current understanding of limitation through N and P and of co-limitation. We conclude that Reynolds is still correct: (i) Liebig’s law of the minimum holds and reducing P is sufficient, provided concentrations achieved are low enough; (ii) analyses of nutrient limitation need to exclude evidently non-limiting situations, i.e. where soluble P exceeds 3–10 µg/l, dissolved N exceeds 100–130 µg/l and total P and N support high biomass levels with self-shading causing light limitation; (iii) additionally decreasing N to limiting concentrations may be useful in specific situations (e.g. shallow waterbodies with high internal P and pronounced denitrification); (iv) management decisions require local, situation-specific assessments. The value of research on stoichiometry and co-limitation lies in promoting our understanding of phytoplankton ecophysiology and community ecology.
Virtual Reality-Based Training: Case Study in Mechatronics
Authors: Kamińska Dorota , Zwoliński Grzegorz , Wiak Sławomir , Petkovska Lidija , Cvetkovski Goga , Barba Paolo Di , Mognaschi Maria Evelina , Haamer Rain Eric , Anbarjafari Gholamreza
Published: August 2020

This paper introduces, explains and illustrates real-life application of virtual training tool for electrical engineering education. The tool gives users the opportunity to interact with and manipulate 3D models of authentic devices. The users have a possibility to compare structural differences between devices, assemble and disassemble the machines and test them under extreme conditions, all of which would not be possible while working with a real device. The 3D devices are fully operational allowing the users to interact with them on every level, including analysis of impact of supply conditions i.e. modify voltage and frequency of a particular motor and monitor changes in performance while still operating. The main goal of this research was to evaluate effectiveness and educational values of the proposed tool. Early studies and feedback from educators and students prove this tool to be a great assistance to process of education, facilitating knowledge acquisition and providing an innovative way to put theory into practice.