bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment by Primary
Nucleation Pathway
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Ansari Tarique Mahmood , Hasan Syed Misabah , Ahsan Farogh , Singh Kuldeep , Wasim Rufaida , Maheshwari Shubhrat , Ahmad Asad
Published: May 2023

An acquired loss of cognition in several cognitive domains that is severe enough
to interfere with social or professional functioning is called dementia. As well
as a moderately in-depth mental status examination by a clinician to identify
impairments in memory, language, attention, visuospatial cognition, such as
spatial orientation, executive function, and mood, the diagnosis of dementia
requires a history evaluating for cognitive decline and impairment in daily
activities, with confirmation from a close friend or family member. The start
and organization of the cognitive assessment can be helped by short screening
tests for cognitive impairment. Clinical presentations show that
neurodegenerative diseases are often incurable because patients permanently lose
some types of neurons. It has been determined through an assessment that, at
best, our understanding of the underlying processes is still rudimentary, which
presents exciting new targets for further study as well as the development of
diagnostics and drugs. A growing body of research suggests that they also
advance our knowledge of the processes that are probably crucial for maintaining
the health and functionality of the brain. We concentrate on a number of the
animal models of memory problems that have been mentioned in this review article
because dementia has numerous etiologies. Serious neurological impairment and
neuronal death are the main features of neurodegenerative illnesses, which are
also extremely crippling ailments. The most prevalent neurodegenerative
disorders are followed by those primary nucleation pathways responsible for
cognitive impairment and dementia.
Exploding Head Syndrome among Patients Seeking Help for Tinnitus and/or Hyperacusis at an Audiology Department in the UK: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Aazh Hashir , Stevens Jennifer , Jacquemin Laure
Published: May 2023

Abstract Background Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is characterized by hearing a sudden loud noise or experiencing a sense of explosion in head during the transition of sleep-wake or wake-sleep. The experience of EHS shares similarities with tinnitus, where an
individual perceives a sound without any external sound source. To the authors' knowledge, the possible relationship between EHS and tinnitus has not been explored. Purpose Preliminary assessment of prevalence of EHS and its related factors among patients seeking help for tinnitus
and/or hyperacusis. Research Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Study Sample A total of 148 consecutive patients who sought help for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis at an audiology clinic in the United Kingdom. Data Collection and Analysis The
data regarding demographics, medical history, audiological measures, and self-report questionnaires were collected retrospectively from the patients' records. Audiological measures comprised of pure-tone audiometry and uncomfortable loudness levels. The self-report questionnaires which were
administered as a part of standard care comprised of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, numeric rating scale of tinnitus loudness, annoyance, and effect on life, hyperacusis questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale 7, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
To establish presence of EHS, participants were asked “Do you ever hear a sudden, loud noise, or feel a sense of explosion in your head at night?” Results EHS was reported by 8.1% of patients with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis (12 out of 148). The patients with and
without EHS were compared, but no significant relationships were found, between the presence of EHS and age, gender, tinnitus/hyperacusis distress, symptoms of anxiety or depression, sleep difficulties, or audiological measures. Conclusion The prevalence of EHS in a tinnitus
and hyperacusis population is similar to that in the general population. While there does not seem to be any association with sleep or mental factors, this might be due to the limited variability in our clinical sample (i.e., most patients exhibited high level of distress regardless of EHS).
Replication of the results in a larger sample with more variety of symptom severity is warranted.
Hypercoagulability on Thromboelastography Can Predict the Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ryu Jae-Chan , Bae Jae-Han , Ha Sang Hee , Kim Bum Joon , Jeon Sang-Beom , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. , Chang Jun Young
Published: May 2023

Background We investigated the association between the reaction time (R), a thromboelastography (TEG) parameter for hypercoagulability, and functional outcomes based on the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and early neurological deterioration (END).

Methods We enrolled ischemic stroke patients and performed TEG immediately after the patients' arrival. The baseline characteristics, occurrence of HT and END, stroke severity, and etiology were compared according to the R. END was defined as an increase of ≥1 point in motor or ≥2 points in the total National Institute of Health Stroke Scale within 3 days after admission. The outcome was the achievement of functional independence (modified Rankin scale [mRS]: 0–2) at 3 months after stroke. Logistic regression analyses were performed to verify the association between R and outcome.

Results HT and END were frequently observed in patients with an R of <5 minutes compared with the group with an R of ≥5 minutes (15 [8.1%] vs. 56 [21.0%], p < 0.001; 16 [8.6%] vs. 65 [24.3%], p = 0.001, respectively). In multivariable analysis, an R of <5 minutes was associated with decreased odds of achieving functional independence (0.58 [0.34–0.97], p = 0.038). This association was maintained when the outcome was changed to disability free (mRS 0–1) and when mRS was analyzed as an ordinal variable.

Conclusion Hypercoagulability on TEG (R <5 minutes) may be a negative predictor for functional outcome of stroke after 3 months, with more frequent HT, END, and different stroke etiologies. This study highlights the potential of TEG parameters as biomarkers for predicting functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients.
Endocrown Feasibility for Primary Molars: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Abduljabar Aeshah Hassan , Iskander Ahmad Waleed , Elfezary Mohamed Taha , Wakwak Mohamed AboElkasem Ahmed , Bathabt Wafa Abdullah , Souror Yasser R.
Published: May 2023

Objective To study the possibility of using pediatric endocrowns to restore the second primary molar using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis.

Design A 3D finite element model was built for a pediatric mandibular molar, starting with laser scanning a naturally extracted tooth. The access cavity had an elliptic shape with 6 mm width, 4 mm height, and 2 mm depth with a wall taper angle of 5 degrees.

Two materials (Zr and E-max) were tested for the endocrown and two cementing materials (glass ionomer and resin cement) with 20 to 40 μm thickness. Twelve case studies were reported within this research as the applied load of 330 N was tested with three angulations vertical, oblique at 45 degrees, and laterally.

Results Twelve linear static stress analyses were performed. The resultant stresses and deformations' distribution patterns did not alter much, and values were within the threshold of physiological tolerance. Deformations were negligibly changed with changing endocrown and cement materials. In contrast, endocrown stresses indicated zirconia endocrown would have a long lifetime, while E-max one will have a relatively short lifetime.

Conclusions Analysis results indicated that bone was negligibly affected by changing endocrowns and cementing materials. Both tested endocrown materials can be used safely. Zirconia endocrowns may have a much longer lifetime than E-max.
Radiographic Comparison of Virtual Surgical Corrective Options for Excessive Tibial Plateau Angle in the Dog
Authors: Worden Natalie J. , Oxley Bill , Naiman Jaron , Karlin William Michael , Chen Tiffany M. , Hetzel Scott J. , Bleedorn Jason
Published: May 2023

Objective The main aim of this study is to compare the impact of six proximal tibial osteotomies on the geometry and alignment of tibias with and without excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA).

Study Design Mediolateral radiographs of 30 canine tibias were divided into three groups (n = 10/group): moderate TPA (≤34 degrees), severe TPA (34.1–44 degrees) and extreme TPA (>44 degrees). Six proximal tibial osteotomies were simulated on each tibia using orthopaedic planning software: cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO), modified CCWO (mCCWO), isosceles CCWO (iCCWO), neutral isosceles CCWO (niCCWO), tibial plateau levelling osteotomy with CCWO (TPLO/CCWO) and coplanar centre of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (coCBLO). All tibias were reduced to a standard target TPA. Pre- and postoperative measurements were obtained for each virtual correction. Compared outcome measures included tibial long axis shift (TLAS), cranial tibial tuberosity shift (cTTS), distal tibial tuberosity shift (dTTS), tibial shortening and osteotomy overlap.

Results Across all TPA groups, TPLO/CCWO had the lowest mean TLAS (1.4 mm) and dTTS (6.8 mm); coCBLO had the largest TLAS (6.5 mm) and cTTS (13.1 mm); CCWO had the largest dTTS (29.5 mm). CCWO had the largest degree of tibial shortening of 6.5 mm, while mCCWO, niCCWO and coCBLO resulted in minimal tibial lengthening (1.8–3.0 mm). These trends were generally conserved across different TPA groups. All findings had a p-value less than 0.05.

Conclusion mCCWO balances moderate alterations to tibial geometry while preserving osteotomy overlap. The TPLO/CCWO has the least effect on tibial morphology alteration, whereas the coCBLO results in the largest alteration.
Corrective Osteotomy in a Dog to Address Increased Distal Femoral Procurvatum Ascribed to a Distal Femoral Salter-Harris Type V Injury
Authors: Memarian Parastoo , Lewis Daniel D. , Bucci Massimo , Isola Maurizio
Published: May 2023

Increased distal femoral procurvatum has been reported sporadically in dogs following malunion of Salter-Harris type I, II, and III fractures of distal femur. The resultant increased procurvatum can be poorly tolerated because of subsequent loss of stifle extension. This case report represents a dog with the increased procurvatum of the distal femur ascribed to a previous Salter-Harris type V injury. Surgical planning and successful outcome following the corrective procedures have been documented. A 6.5-month-old fox-terrier presented with a persistent weight bearing left pelvic limb lameness, 2 months after being hit by a car. The predominant orthopaedic finding was a 20-degree decrease in left stifle extension. Radiographic and computerized tomography evaluation revealed premature eccentric closure of the left distal femoral physis ascribed to a previous Salter-Harris type V injury. The left femoral procurvatum was 30 degrees. The left tibial plateau angle was increased by 11.5 degrees compared with the right. The femoral deformity was characterized, and a corrective procedure was planned using Paley's centre of rotation of angulation methodology. A cranial closing wedge ostectomy of the left distal femur was performed and stabilized using a locking plate. Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis was also performed to reduce the tibial plateau slope. Union of the osteotomy site and reduction in tibial plateau angle by 5.4 degrees were documented 50 days after surgery with a good functional outcome.
Network analysis reveals insights about the interconnections of Judaism and Christianity in the first centuries CE
Authors: Siegal Michal Bar-Asher , Yovel Yossi
Published: May 2023

The development of the two religions: Christianity and Judaism, is a topic of much debate. Whereas Judaism and Christianity are known as separate religions, in fact, these two religions developed side by side. While earlier researchers conceptualized a “parting-of-the-ways,” after which the two religions evolved independently, new studies reveal a multi-layered set of interactions throughout the first several centuries CE. Until recently, this question was explored with the limited source material and limited tools to analyze it. While working on a limited set of data, from a specific corpus, this project offers a new set of methodological tools, borrowed from computer sciences, that could ultimately serve for understanding the connections between Jews and Christians in late antiquity. We generated models of inter-religious Christian–Jewish networks that demonstrate the scope, nature, and advantages of network analysis for revealing the complex intertwined evolution of the two religions. The Jewish corpora chosen for this research are rabbinic writings from late antique Babylonia and Palestine. Christian texts range from the first through sixth centuries CE. Instead of representing interactions between people or places, as is typically done with social networks, we modelliterary interactionsthat, in our view, indicate historical connections between religious communities. This novel approach allows us to visually represent sets of temporal–spatial–contextual relationships, which evolved over hundreds of years, in single snapshots. It also reveals new insights about the relationships between the two communities. For example, we find that rabbinic sources exhibit a largely polemical approach towards earlier Christian traditions but a non-polemical attitude towards later ones. Moreover, network analysis suggests a temporal–spatial familiarity correlation. Namely, Jewish sources are familiar with early, eastern Christian sources and with both Eastern and Western Christian sources in later periods. The application of network analysis makes it possible to identify the most influential texts—that is, the key “nodes”—testifying to the importance of certain traditions for both religious communities. Finally, the network approach is a tool for pointing scholarly research in new directions, which only reveals itself as a result of this type of mapping. In other words, the network not only describes the known data, but it is itself a way to enlarge the network and lead us down new and exciting paths that are currently unknown.
Surfs up: tidal-steam turbines operate in waves
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2023

Turbine model shows power performance remains similar when current conditions include waves and turbulence.
“Sounding” out crystal nuclei—A mathematical-physical and experimental investigation
Authors: Povey Megan J. , Ettelaie Rammile , Lewtas Ken , Price Andy , Lai Xiaojun , Sheng Fei
Published: May 2023

We outline techniques for the control and measurement of the nucleation of crystalline materials. Small angle x-ray scattering/wide angle x-ray scattering x-ray diffraction measurements are presented that demonstrate the impact of low power, continuous, non-cavitational ultrasound on the nucleation and crystallization of a wax—n-eicosane dissolved in a heptane/toluene solvent. A mathematical-physical approach based on the rectification of heat and mass transport by such a low power oscillating pressure field is outlined, and it is suggested that this approach be combined with dissipative particle dynamics computational modeling to develop a predictive method capable of modeling the impact of low power oscillating pressure fields (acoustics and ultrasonics) on a wide range of nucleating systems. Combining the ultrasound pitch and catch speed of sound measurements with low power harmonically oscillating pressure fields to monitor and control nucleation presents the prospect of entirely new industrially significant methods of process control in crystallization. It also offers new insights into nucleation processes in general. However, for the acoustic control technique to be widely applied , further theoretical and modeling work will be necessary since, at present, we are unable to predict the precise effect of low power ultrasound in any given situation.
Effect of cube spacings on the three-dimensional flow structure over an array of wall-mounted cube
Authors: Khan Basheer A. , Saha Arun K.
Published: May 2023

The turbulent flow over an array of cubes mounted on one of the walls of a channel has been investigated using direct numerical simulation for cube spacing that ranges between 2.0 and 4.0. The Reynolds number based on the cube size and the average streamwise velocity is chosen to be 4000. The Navier–Stokes equations have been discretized using second-order spatial and temporal discretization schemes. The present investigation focuses on the flow structures and comprehensive characterization of the separated zones surrounding the cubes, as well as the associated wall-shear stress. A vortex shedding has been observed for the cube spacings of 3.0 and 4.0 without any evidence of vortex shedding for the lowest pitch of 2.0. For the two cases having pitches of 3.0 and 4.0, the presence of the unsteady separation bubbles at the cube's top and side surfaces results in a decrease in wall-shear stress. The quadrant analysis for the region close to the top surface of the cube is performed with the help of the joint probability density function, which reveals dual peaks within the recirculation bubble at the top surface of the cube for higher cube spacings. By conducting an invariant analysis of the Reynolds stress tensor for different cube spacings, we have explored the characteristic of Reynolds stress anisotropy due to the total fluctuations. The production of negative turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is observed in different regions within the flow domain, among which the horseshoe vortex region for each cube spacing reveals its dominant presence. The physical mechanism responsible for the production of the negative TKE has also been attempted by decomposing the production term into two parts, namely, normal and shear components.
The “On–Off–On” flame formed in the acoustic standing wave field
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Wei Yanju , Yang Yajing
Published: May 2023

We, herein, reported the discrete flame with the “On–Off–On” structure in the standing wave field. It was found that this phenomenon was caused by the acoustic radiation force generated by the nonlinear effect of a high-intensity acoustic field. Furthermore, the simulation showed acoustic streaming driven by acoustic radiation force was balanced with flame propagation at the edge of the acoustic field. Meanwhile, the fuel jet was less hindered by the radial direction because of its large density. In addition, it had enough initial velocity so it could continuously supply fuel to the suspension section through the acoustic field to maintain combustion. Thus, there was a positive correlation between the length of the discrete flame and the intensity of the acoustic field. This work presented a new method of discrete flame control, which may have industrial importance.
Navigating natural product-related patents in Australia and beyond
Authors: Gregg Claire , Caine Michael J.
Published: May 2023

The field of natural products chemistry is ripe with innovation that underpins a broad range of industries. Patents are critical to incentivising the investment needed to drive this innovation and there is surprisingly broad scope to protect natural product-related inventions using patents. However, the patent process can be difficult to navigate and recent developments in case law, particularly in the United States (USA), have introduced further complexities into the patent system that undermine innovation in the natural products space. While steps are being taken to address these issues, we outline the requirements for patent eligibility in Australia, the US and Europe, and discuss the different aspects of natural products chemistry that may be considered patentable, to assist readers in navigating the current complexities of seeking patent protection.
The impact of mindfulness therapy in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review (El impacto de la terapia mindfulness en personas con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH): una revisión sistemática)
Authors: Sánchez-Soto Lucía , Sánchez-Suricalday Andrés
Published: May 2023

Taking into account the complementary treatments used today, this study examines the impact of cognitive mindfulness therapy in persons with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA method, including a total of 34 experimental articles from scholarly journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus whose year of publication is limited to the last five years (2017–2021). The variables studied the most in the scholarly publications are divided into two categories: cognitive (attention, concentration and emotional regulation) and behavioural (hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inhibitory control). A standard table reflects what variables are used in each publication examined. A strong positive impact was found for both types of variables after the application of this therapy, which produced positive effects in the samples. Mindfulness is a positive complementary treatment in people with ADHD.
The detection and classification method of sub-macroscopic defects inside steel with an ultrasonic testing and CatBoost-based stacking model
Authors: Zhang Ningqing , Wang Yizhen , Chen Xiong
Published: May 2023

With the increasing demand for advanced steel, the internal cleanness of steel becomes an important evaluation indicator of material quality. Sub-macroscopic defects are randomly distributed inside steel materials, which have seriously affected material stability and fatigue life because they are not covered by existing testing standards. Besides, the existing detection methods generally have problems such as low efficiency and complexity. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive inclusion testing and classification framework based on ultrasonic testing experiments, signal feature extraction and machine-learning methods. Under the optimal experimental detection conditions we found through experiments, a large-scale sub-macroscopic inclusion signal data set is established to realize the classification of defects. Moreover, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and other feature extraction algorithms are applied to further boost the model performance. We propose a CatBoost-based stacking fused model named Stacked-CBT, which obtains state-of-the-art experimental results with an accuracy rate of 86.65% and demonstrates that the proposed framework is feasible to classify the sub-macroscopic inclusion signals. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous study in this field that has acquired such a large amount of experimental sub-macroscopic signal data while taking into consideration classification-specific designs.
Dielectric modulation strategy of carbon nanotube field effect transistors based pressure sensor: towards precise monitoring of human pulse
Authors: Wu Simin , Liu Yuxuan , Tang Yuqian , Jiang Xijun , Liu Lingguang , Liu Xiaofeng , Cao Juexian , Liu Yiwei
Published: May 2023

Continuous monitoring of arterial pulse has great significance for detecting the early onset of cardiovascular disease and assessing health status, while needs pressure sensors with high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to accurately capture more health information concealed in pulse waves. Field effect transistors (FETs) combined with the piezoelectric film is an ultrahigh sensitive pressure sensor category, especially when the FET works in the subthreshold regime, where the signal enhancement effect on the piezoelectric response is the most effective. However, controlling the work regime of FET needs extra external bias assistance which will interfere with the piezoelectric response signal and complicate the test system thus making the scheme difficult to implement. Here, we described a gate dielectric modulation strategy to match the subthreshold region of the FET with the piezoelectric output voltage without external gate bias, finally enhancing the sensitivity of the pressure sensor. A carbon nanotube field effect transistor and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) together form the pressure sensor with a high sensitivity of 7 × 10−1 kPa−1 for a pressure range of 0.038–0.467 kPa and 6.86 × 10−2 kPa−1 for a pressure range of 0.467–15.5 kPa, SNR, and the ability to continuously monitor pulse in real-time. Additionally, the sensor enables high-resolution detection of weak pulse signals under large static pressure.
The effect of Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on dielectric parameters and junction features of the Al/Orange G/p-Silicon diode
Authors: Ünalan Ahmet , Güllü Ömer , Okumuş Mustafa
Published: May 2023

In this study, an Al/Orange G (OG)/p-Si device was constructed using a solution processing method. The electronic and interfacial features of the Al/OG/p-Si structure under 60Co gamma radiation were determined using the Cheung and Norde techniques. The barrier height (ϕ
b), ideality factor (n), and series resistance (Rs) of the Al/OG/p-Si diode were computed from the current-voltage (IV) measurements. Then, the n and ϕ
b parameters were extracted as n = 2.65 ± 0.07 and ϕ
b = 0.76 ± 0.05 eV from the IV results for the irradiated Al/OG/p-Si structure. It has been seen that these parameters were higher than those of the non-irradiated sample. In addition, it was observed that the rectification ratio of the diode decreased after irradiation, particularly in the wide voltage region. Moreover, the capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements showed that the capacitance values of the irradiated Al/OG/p-Si device increased, and the conductance (G) values in the inversion section for low frequencies increased because of the formation of electron-hole pairs or crystalline changes after irradiation. Furthermore, the irradiated and non-irradiated samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and shifts in the diffraction angles and traces of microstructural changes were observed in the irradiated samples. Thus, it has been found that the radiation has remarkable effects on the dielectric parameters and the electronic and microstructural features of the Al/OG/p-Si structure.
Efficient image encryption algorithm based on dynamic high-performance S-box and hyperchaotic system
Authors: Su Yuyue , Tong Xiaojun , Zhang Miao , Wang Zhu
Published: May 2023

With the development of information technology, security, low latency, and instant messaging have become a major demand. To solve this problem, this paper designs a secure and efficient image cipher algorithm. Firstly, a new four-dimensional hyperchaotic system with strong chaotic performance is proposed. Secondly, a dynamic high-performance S-box generation algorithm is proposed based on GF(28) by improving the method of generating S-boxes in AES, selecting suitable irreducible polynomial as well as affine matrix, precomputing the corresponding affine multiplication matrix as well as multiplication inverse matrix. The S-box algebraic expressions generated by this algorithm have 255 terms and are more resistant to algebraic attacks than AES. Finally, based on the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system and dynamic high-performance S-box generation algorithm, the new image cipher algorithm that can encrypt and decrypt images of arbitrary size is proposed. The image cipher algorithm consists of two rounds of interleaved permutation, two rounds of dynamic S-box substitution and cyclic shift permutation with fixed point. Cyclic shift permutation with fixed point and dynamic S-box substitution ensure that the plaintext transformation can be transferred to the entire image. Through testing, analysis and comparison, the algorithm has proven to be a secure and efficient image cipher algorithm.
Non-linear Eulerian hydrodynamics of dark energy: Riemann problem and finite volume schemes
Authors: Blot Linda , Corasaniti Pier Stefano , Schmidt Fabian
Published: May 2023

Upcoming large-scale structure surveys can shed new light on the properties of dark
energy. In particular, if dark energy is a dynamical component, it must have spatial
perturbations. Their behaviour is regulated by the speed of sound parameter, which is currently
unconstrained. In this work, we present the numerical methods that will allow to perform
cosmological simulations of inhomogeneous dark energy scenarios where the speed of sound is small
and non-vanishing. We treat the dark energy component as an effective fluid and build upon
established numerical methods for hydrodynamics to construct a numerical solution of the effective
continuity and Euler equations. In particular, we develop conservative finite volume schemes that
rely on the solution of the Riemann problem, which we provide here in both exact and approximate
forms for the case of a dark energy fluid.
Power spectra of slow-roll inflation in the consistent D → 4 Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Authors: Li Tian-Chen , Zhu Tao , Wang Anzhong
Published: May 2023

The slow-roll inflation which took place at extremely high energy regimes is in general believed to be sensitive to the high-order curvature corrections to the classical general relativity (GR). In this paper, we study the effects of the high-order curvature term, the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term, on the primordial scalar and tensor spectra of the slow-roll inflation in the consistent D → 4 Einstein Gauss-Bonnet (4EGB) gravity. The GB term is incorporated into gravitational dynamics via the re-scaling of the GB coupling constant α → α/(D-4) in the limit D → 4. For our purpose, we calculate explicitly the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra with GB corrections accurate to the next-to-leading order in the slow-roll approximation in the slow-roll inflation by using the third-order uniform asymptotic approximation method. The corresponding spectral indices and their runnings of the spectral indices for both the scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the ratio between the scalar and tensor spectra are also calculated up to the next-to-leading order in the slow-roll expansions. These results represent the most accurate results obtained so far in the literature. In addition, by studying the theoretical predictions of the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio with Planck 2018 constraint in a model with power-law potential, we show that the second-order corrections are important in future measurements.
Dark matter freeze-in via a light fermion mediator: forbidden decay and scattering
Authors: Li Shao-Ping
Published: May 2023

The connection between a hidden nonthermal sector and a thermal plasma can be established by a light thermal fermion mediator.
When the fermion mediator is much lighter than the hidden species, kinematically forbidden decay of the mediator can be opened at finite temperatures to produce the hidden species. Unlike bosons having quartic couplings, renormalizable forbidden fermion decay generically shares the same order of couplings with the scattering. We present a dedicated investigation into the freeze-in dark matter production via a thermal fermion mediator. We demonstrate that the plasma-induced decay rate differs from that calculated via the tree-level amplitude, but the former can be obtained from the latter via constant rescaling. Furthermore, we find that the relative effect of the forbidden decay and the scattering on the dark matter relic density can be simply estimated via the thermal coupling between the plasma and the mediator. Applying to different thermal interactions, we show that the forbidden decay contribution can reach the level of 4%- 45% for a thermal coupling at 0.1- 1.
Structure formation in non-local bouncing models
Authors: Jackson D. , Bufalo R.
Published: May 2023

In this study, we investigate the growth of structures within the Deser-Woodard nonlocal
theory and extend it to various bouncing cosmology scenarios. Our findings show that the
observable structure growth rate, fσ
8, in a vacuum-dominated universe is finite within the
redshift range of 0 < z < 2, contrary to previous literature. Although fσ
8 exhibits no
divergences, we observe a slight difference between the evolution of the ΛCDM and the
non-local DW II models. Regarding structure formation in bouncing cosmologies, we evaluate the
evolution of fσ
8 near the bouncing point. Among the different bouncing cases we explore,
the oscillatory bounce and pre-inflationary asymmetrical bounce demonstrate a physical profile
where the growth rate begins as a small perturbation in the early epoch and increases with
inflation, which can be regarded as the seeds of large-scale structures. These findings are
significant because they shed light on the growth of seed fluctuations into cosmic structures
resulting from non-local effects.
Self-filtering of beam fluence fluctuations at free space propagation
Authors: Kochetkov Anton , Martyanov Mikhail , Ginzburg Vladislav , Khazanov Efim
Published: May 2023

It is shown theoretically and experimentally that free space propagation in vacuum provides self-filtering of beam fluence fluctuations (spatial small-scale noise). The linear interference of the noise and the primary smooth beam during the propagation results in temporal filtering invoked by the noise pulse delay with respect to the primary beam pulse and in spatial filtering caused by the noise spatial walk-off from the aperture of the primary beam.
Energy deposition and deflection of α particles in hot dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusions
Authors: Lin Chengliang , He Bin , Wu Yong , Wang Jianguo
Published: May 2023

Based on the kinetic theory, improved T-matrix models for the continuous-slowing-down and the linear-energy-transfer stopping powers are established at the same level, where multiple scattering effects and the related transverse deflection are accounted for consistently and systematically. The degree of deflection characterizing the extent of transverse deflection is defined by means of the ratio of these two stopping powers. Calculations for the energy deposition and deflection of α particles in hot dense deuterium–tritium (DT) plasmas and also in hot dense DT plasmas mixed with carbon (C) impurities are performed. Multiple scattering effects and the resulting transverse deflection are demonstrated to have a significant influence on the stopping power of α particles, in particular, in mixtures containing different ions with large mass and charge asymmetry. It is shown that for DT plasma mixed with

5
%

C impurities, the range and penetration depth of the α particle are shortened by about

21
%

and

27
%

, respectively. Our models are found to be appropriate for the evaluation of stopping powers not only in weakly coupled plasmas but also in moderately degenerate and correlated plasmas. These results manifest that multiple scattering effects and the induced transverse deflection need to be taken into account in modeling the transport of α particles in hot dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion.
MAS: a versatile Landau-fluid eigenvalue code for plasma stability analysis in general geometry
Authors: Bao J. , Zhang W.L. , Li D. , Lin Z. , Dong G. , Liu C. , Xie H.S. , Meng G. , Cheng J.Y. , Dong C. , Cao J.T.
Published: May 2023

We have developed a new global eigenvalue code, multiscale analysis for plasma stabilities (MAS), for studying plasma problems with wave toroidal mode number (n) and frequency (ω) in a broad range of interest in general tokamak geometry, based on a five-field Landau-fluid description of thermal plasmas. Beyond keeping the necessary plasma fluid response, we further retain the important kinetic effects including diamagnetic drift, ion finite Larmor radius, finite parallel electric field (

E

|

|

), ion and electron Landau resonances in a self-consistent and non-perturbative manner without sacrificing the attractive efficiency in computation. The physical capabilities of the code are evaluated and examined in terms of both theory and simulation. In theory, the comprehensive Landau-fluid model implemented in MAS can be reduced to the well-known ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, electrostatic ion-fluid model, and drift-kinetic model in various limits, which clearly delineates the physics validity regime. In simulation, MAS has been well benchmarked with theory and other gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD hybrid codes in a manner of adopting the unified physical and numerical framework, which covers the kinetic Alfvén wave, ion sound wave, low-n kink, high-n ion temperature gradient mode and kinetic ballooning mode. Moreover, MAS is successfully applied to model the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) activities in DIII-D discharge #159243, which faithfully captures the frequency sweeping of reversed shear AE, the tunneling damping of toroidal AE, as well as the polarization characteristics of kinetic beta-induced AE and beta-induced Alfvén-acoustic eigenmode being consistent with former gyrokinetic theory and simulation. With respect to the key progress contributed to the community, MAS has the advantage of combining rich physics ingredients, realistic global geometry and high computation efficiency together for plasma stability analysis in the linear regime.
Concept of a compact high-resolution neutron spectrometer based on GEM detector for fusion plasmas
Authors: Scholz M. , Wiącek U. , Drozdowicz K. , Jardin A. , Woźnicka U. , Kurowski A. , Kulińska A. , Dąbrowski W. , Łach B. , Mazon D.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the conceptual design and operational principle of a novel TPR neutron spectrometer based on GEM, intended for future spectrometry applications dedicated to fusion plasmas, is described. A feasibility study based on theoretical modelling and computer simulations of a possible detector configuration prototype is presented. In particular, we discuss the results of optimizing the detector geometry, estimating its overall performance, and the expected quality of energy resolution.
TCT investigation of the one-sided depletion of low-temperature covalently bonded silicon sensor P-N diodes
Authors: Wüthrich J. , Alt C. , Rubbia A.
Published: May 2023

In the context of particle detectors, low-temperature
covalent wafer-wafer bonding allows for integration of high-Z
materials as absorbing layers with readout chips produced in
standard CMOS processes. This enables for instance the fabrication
of novel highly efficient X-ray imaging sensors. In order to
investigate the effects of the covalent bonding on the signal
generated in such sensors, wafer-wafer bonded silicon-silicon P-N
pad diodes have previously been produced. The behaviour of these
test samples is being investigated with transient current technique
(TCT) measurements. In this paper we present an overview of the TCT
setup as well as a custom sandwich-type sample holder used for these
measurements. A review of the results presented in a previous paper
shows, that the bonded P-N structures show a highly asymmetric
depletion behaviour under reverse bias. IR edge TCT measurements
confirm that only the P-side of the samples is being depleted.
Performance in beam tests of carbon-enriched irradiated Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector
Authors: Ali S. , Arnold H. , Auwens S.L. , Beresford L.A. , Boumediene D.E. , Burger A.M. , Cadamuro L. , Castillo García L. , Corpe L.D. , Da Cunha Sargedas de Sousa M.J. , Dannheim D. , Dao V. , Gabrielli A. , El Ghazali Y. , El Jarrari H. , Gautam V. , Grinstein S. , Guimarães da Costa J. , Guindon S. , Jia X. , Kramberger G. , Liu Y. , Ma K. , Makovec N. , Manzoni S. , Nikolic I. , Perrin O. , Raskina V. , Robles Manzano M. , Rummler A. , Tayalati Y. , Trincaz-Duvoid S. , Visibile A. , Xin S. , Xu L. , Yang X. , Zheng X.
Published: May 2023

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to
mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will provide high-precision measurements of the time
of arrival of particles at the HGTD, improving the particle-vertex assignment. To cope with the
high-radiation environment, LGADs have been optimized by adding carbon in the gain layer, thus
reducing the acceptor removal rate after irradiation. Performances of several carbon-enriched
LGAD sensors from different vendors, and irradiated with high fluences of
1.5 and 2.5 × 1015 neq/cm2, have been measured in beam test campaigns during the
years 2021 and 2022 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data
recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position
information within a resolution of a few μm. Collected charge, time resolution and hit
efficiency measurements are presented. In addition, the efficiency uniformity is also studied as a
function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.
Exploring risks and benefits of overshooting a 1.5 °C carbon budget over space and time
Authors: Bauer Nico , Keller David P , Garbe Julius , Karstens Kristine , Piontek Franziska , von Bloh Werner , Thiery Wim , Zeitz Maria , Mengel Matthias , Strefler Jessica , Thonicke Kirsten , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: May 2023

Temperature targets of the Paris Agreement limit global net cumulative emissions to very tight carbon budgets. The possibility to overshoot the budget and offset near-term excess emissions by net-negative emissions is considered economically attractive as it eases near-term mitigation pressure. While potential side effects of carbon removal deployment are discussed extensively, the additional climate risks and the impacts and damages have attracted less attention. We link six models for an integrative analysis of the climatic, environmental and socio-economic consequences of temporarily overshooting a carbon budget consistent with the 1.5 °C temperature target along the cause-effect chain from emissions and carbon removals to climate risks and impact. Global climatic indicators such as CO2-concentration and mean temperature closely follow the carbon budget overshoot with mid-century peaks of 50 ppmv and 0.35 °C, respectively. Our findings highlight that investigating overshoot scenarios requires temporally and spatially differentiated analysis of climate, environmental and socioeconomic systems. We find persistent and spatially heterogeneous differences in the distribution of carbon across various pools, ocean heat content, sea-level rise as well as economic damages. Moreover, we find that key impacts, including degradation of marine ecosystem, heat wave exposure and economic damages, are more severe in equatorial areas than in higher latitudes, although absolute temperature changes being stronger in higher latitudes. The detrimental effects of a 1.5 °C warming and the additional effects due to overshoots are strongest in non-OECD countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Constraining the overshoot inflates CO2 prices, thus shifting carbon removal towards early afforestation while reducing the total cumulative deployment only slightly, while mitigation costs increase sharply in developing countries. Thus, scenarios with carbon budget overshoots can reverse global mean temperature increase but imply more persistent and geographically heterogeneous impacts. Overall, the decision about overshooting implies more severe trade-offs between mitigation and impacts in developing countries.
On S-expansions and other transformations of Lie algebras
Authors: Alvarez M A , Rosales-Gómez J
Published: May 2023

The aim of this work is to study the relation between S-expansions and other transformations of Lie algebras. In particular, we prove that contractions, deformations and central extensions of Lie algebras are preserved by S-expansions. We also provide several examples and give conditions so transformations of reduced subalgebras of S-expanded algebras are preserved by the S-expansion procedure.
Correlation model of deflection and rotation on pci girder bridge
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Putra Dwi Adhi
Published: May 2023

A bridge is an infrastructure that experiences dynamic and repetitive loading for a long period, so it is necessary to monitor the condition of the bridge structure to ensure that the bridge is always in proper condition. Deflection is the vertical displacement that can occur in the bridge. This study aims to obtain an correlation model in the form of regression equation with multiple regression analysis methods between the deflection value and the rotation value of the PCI Girder bridge. The analysis was carried out using Finite Element Method software, by modeling the PCI Girder bridge with several vehicle load cases, and the rotation and deflection values of the bridge will be obtained. Several schemes were made regarding the number and location of rotation sensors to determine the level of accuracy. To get the relationship between rotation value and deflection value, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. It can be generated a multiple linear regression equation with the dependent variable being the deflection value and the independent variable being the rotation value on the bridge placement. This equation can be used to predict the deflection value in the middle of the bridge span with the percentage difference shows value smaller than 5%. In the analysis, it is able to provide results with the smallest percentage difference between numerical comparison values and linear regression equations.
Rapid impact compaction method as an alternative ground improvement technology in infrastructure project
Authors: Suhendra Andryan , Fendy
Published: May 2023

Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) is a ground improvement technology which have similarity with dynamic compaction method that most suitable applied to granular soil. The performance of Rapid Impact Compaction on the Airplane Refuelling Station Project Yogyakarta International Airport has been discussed in this paper. Two aspects of RIC performance observed in this are the increasing of shear strength as well as the depth of RIC influence though the changing of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) value. After treatment, the SPT value increase up to 300%, whereas the depth of influence of the Rapid Impact Compaction Method (RIC) is about up to 8 m. Based on the result, the formula can be generated i.e., Y = -0.0114 (X)2 +1.1702 (X) +12.875 where Y is the SPT value after treatment and X is the SPT value before treatment.
Analysis of the performance of light rail transit (LRT) Jakarta as a transport demand management (TDM) strategy
Authors: Pramudita Wahyu Prambudi , Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma
Published: May 2023

One of the strategies to reduce the use of private vehicles is Transport Demand Management (TDM). Light Rail Transit (LRT) is a form of TDM strategy that is being implemented in Jakarta. However, in reality, the use or ridership of the Jakarta LRT is still low, so it is necessary to look for ways to improve it. The operational and service performances of public transportation affect users’ interest. This study aims to analyse the operational performance and services of the Jakarta LRT so that a strategy could be obtained for the direction of improvement. The analysis method in this study uses descriptive analysis and Importance Performance Analysis. The research results show that the operational performance of the Jakarta LRT has been good, while for the service performance, there are eight service attributes that need to be improved and two of them are the top priorities, namely access to enter and to exit the stations and convenience at the station. In addition, the implementation of public transit improvement and park and ride strategies can be alternative strategies to increase the frequency of Jakarta LRT users.