bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Making of a Movement
Authors: Polgar Paul J.
Published: January 2021

An admixture of free black community leaders, elite white Americans, Quaker activists, and unfree black laborers would seem to make for a strange set of allies and a disjointed reform movement. Yet this mix of historical actors firmly committed themselves to the idea of antislavery progress; or the belief that, through the agency of reformers, the trajectory of post-Revolutionary and early national America would lead toward emancipation, black uplift, and the dissolution of white prejudice. While first movement abolitionists coalesced around the idea of antislavery progress, the many obstacles they faced informed the shape and scope of their activism. For one, slavery in the Mid-Atlantic was based on racial oppression and longstanding white prejudice toward people of color, facts that would continually haunt the efforts of first movement abolitionists. Second, the American Revolution, which influenced and gave broader purchase to opposing slavery, also made abolitionism problematic. Thus, if the idea of antislavery progress informed the ethos of first movement abolitionists, the roadblocks detailed in this chapter to emancipation galvanized them into action.
The “Just Right of Freedom”
Authors: Polgar Paul J.
Published: January 2021

By reconstructing the individual cases recorded in the minutes of the acting and standing committees of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society and New York Manumission Society, this chapter brings to life a pitched contest pitting slaveholders and dealers on the one side and black Northerners and the abolition societies on the other. Out of this contest arose a campaign dedicated at its core to the conviction that persons of African descent had rights worthy of respect. At the very heart of first movement abolitionism, from a street level view of this activism, enforcing emancipation fueled a cause premised on the progressive gains of black Northerners as rights-bearing individuals. in their many acts defending the sanctity of black freedom, first movement abolitionists staked a claim for people of color as incorporated members of the localities and states in which they resided. Enforcing emancipation necessarily entailed asserting the fundamental rights of citizenship for liberated blacks living in the Mid-Atlantic region.
“A Well Grounded Hope”
Authors: Polgar Paul J.
Published: January 2021

First movement abolitionists labeled racial prejudice as at once a forbidding foe to social progress and at the same time the relic of a pre-enlightened era. Predicated on an enlightenment-inspired idealism that viewed white prejudice towards blacks as conquerable, the abolition societies and their black abolitionist partners nevertheless identified this prejudice as an imposing hurdle to emancipation. First movement abolitionists committed themselves to sweeping away the cobwebs of racial prejudice blocking the white public from perceiving black Americans’ equal humanity and their capacity for freedom. For first movement abolitionists, the cultivation of black citizenship and the vanquishing of white prejudice were interwoven goals essential to ending slavery. This chapter argues that rrecovering the mindset of first movement abolitionists during the post-Revolutionary and early national eras is essential to understanding why these activists instituted an optimistic agenda for emancipation through African American incorporation and the defeat of white prejudice.
A Prudent Alternative or a Dangerous Diversion?
Authors: Polgar Paul J.
Published: January 2021

The emergence of colonization as a potential antislavery tool drove a wedge between competing factions among abolition societies. a long and at times divisive debate that fractured the abolition societies and signaled the rising influence of colonization among white reformers as an answer to ending slavery. With their claims to American citizenship under direct threat from the ideology of the American Colonization Society, black abolitionists more readily distinguished colonization from emancipation. People of color and the abolition societies of the Mid-Atlantic had jointly discredited the ACS soon after its founding. But by the beginning of the 1830s, it was black activists who had become the foremost champions of first movement abolitionist values, advancing the cause of combating slavery by overturning white prejudice and improving the condition of African Americans within the United States.
The Corner
Authors: Summers Brandi Thompson
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the excess of blackness and how this excess works alongside diversity. Specifically, it asks, how does a Black corner interact with a diverse corridor in ways that aesthetically impact the transformation of space? This chapter focuses on the center of the corridor as an important site for the spatial corralling of blackness in a specific location. The chapter explores the spatial production of blackness through design, architecture, planning, and other means, and how blackness concurrently produces space. This chapter also highlights how blackness is spatialized on H Street, thereby imagining the role of geography in the production of blackness and the concurrent structuring of space through the aesthetic emplacement blackness. The intersection of Eighth and H Streets, NE, or “the Corner,” metaphorically speaks to the transition of the H Street corridor and how Black people move within and through the space and is an illustration of how blackness has been mobilized into an aesthetic.
“Only in Default of Whites”
Authors: White Sophie
Published: January 2021

This chapter offers a grand tour of French court procedures as applied to the enslaved in French Louisiana, in order to frame the analysis of slave testimony. Using particular court cases to flesh out the application of the law in the colony, it discusses the role of slave codes against the backdrop of French colonial laws and judicial procedure, which dictated in minute detail how crimes were investigated, prosecuted, sentenced, and, especially, how testimony was heard, transcribed, and recorded in the archive.
“Not So Denatured as to Kill Her Child”
Authors: White Sophie
Published: January 2021

Chapter Three moves to the Illinois Country (Upper Louisiana) in 1748 and explores the contentious relationship between two enslaved women: Marie-Jeanne, a pregnant woman of African descent accused of infanticide after going into labor, and Lisette, a young Indian girl. The chapter explores French views of motherhood, and of enslaved Africans as parents, but also enslaved women’s particular vulnerability to sexual abuse from French men both in the French Atlantic and Indian Oceans (especially Mauritius). Marie-Jeanne and Lisette’s court appearance, in Kaskaskia and then in New Orleans where Marie-Jeanne was sent to be tried, afforded them the possibility of narrating their own stories of loss, and, in the fissures between the lines of questioning and their answers, the childless woman and the motherless child interspersed references to work roles, conflicts over authority, and their conceptions of motherhood.
“Our Place”
Authors: White Sophie
Published: January 2021

This case study centers on the court case brought in 1766 against Francisque, an outsider of African descent who self-described himself in New Orleans as an “Englishman from Philadelphia” whose peripatetic life as a slave took him around the British, Spanish, and French Atlantic. Francisque was prosecuted for marronnage (being a runaway) and in the court of the trial, a picture of life on one plantation on the outskirts of New Orleans emerges. Francisque’s behavior, including ostentatious deployment of dress at slave assemblies and in courtship left him vulnerable to the enmity of rival slaves, laying bare the artificial cleavages between freedom and unfreedom when the “free” person was a runaway slave. The Igbo Démocrite, in particular, revealed through his words and actions how local enslaved communities—and their leaders, such as Hector—made use of French colonial justice to regulate social, economic, and sexual interactions. This is Démocrite’s and Hector’s story as much as it is Francisque’s.
Peningkatan Kualitas Kerja ABK Deck Untuk Menunjang Kelancaran Bongkar Muat Kontainer Di KM. Hijau Segar
Authors: Suswati Elis , Aliudin Ibnu , Rochanda
Published: January 2021

Adanya beberapa kendala yang terjadi pada saat proses bongkar muat yang dikarenakan faktor skill yang dimiliki oleh Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) yaitu penyusunan muatan kontainer pada saat pemuatan. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa ABK Deck kurang berpengalaman bekerja di kapal kontainer dan kesalahan pembacaan bay plan pada saat pemuatan. Terjadinya kesalahan dalam pembacaan bay plan saat pemuatan dimana kontainer 40 feet high cube di dalam bay plan sudah ditandai dengan tanda garis tebal dan warna yang berbeda dengan kontainer 40 feet ukuran standar. Faktor lain penyebab keterlambatan yaitu sepatu kontainer (twist lock) dan alat lashing kontainer tidak di persiapkan dengan baik sebelum pemuatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi masalah dalam peningkatan kualitas kerja ABK Deck untuk menunjang kelancaran bongkar muat kontainer di  km. hijau segar dan mencari penyebab dan pemecahan dari permasalahan adanya kesalahan penyusunan kontainer pada saat pemuatan  dan  terjadi  keterlambatan  dalam  pelaksanaan  bongkar    muat  kontainer  di  atas  kapal.  Metode  yang dilakukan pada penelitian adalah Metode pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi  atau  pengamatan,  interview  atau  wawancara,  dan  dokumenter.  Kurangnya  pengalaman  ABK  deck bekerja di kapal kontainer sehingga terjadi kesalahan dalam melakukan penyusunan kontainer yang dilakukan oleh ABK pada saat pemuatan. Kesalahan penempatan muatan berdasarkan jenisnya sehingga menghambat muatan lainnya. Karena terjadi masalah teknis seperti kerusakan alat  maupun non teknis seperti terjadinya cuaca buruk pada saat bongkar muat sehingga menghambat waktu pada saat bongkar muat.
Upaya Mencegah Kecelakaan Kerja Anak Buah Kapal Bagian Mesin DI MT. KLASOGUN
Authors: M. Syibli Yasin , Asjani Firdos , Devita Algertis
Published: January 2021

Upaya Mencegah Kecelakaan Kerja Anak Buah Kapal Bagian Mesin DI MT. KLASOGUN
ORIENTALISTS AND THEIR STUDY OF THE QUR’AN
Authors: Fadli Nazar
Published: January 2021

The study of orientalists and their thoughts on the eastern world became one of the important studies for Muslim scholars. Especially his thoughts concerning the most substantial things in the eastern world. The eastern world that is synonymous with Islam is very interesting to be studied by Western Scholars. The Qur'an which became the main source of life for Muslims became the most important object studied by orientalists. Generally orientalists opinions of the Qur'an give birth to negative opinions that tend to criticize the authenticity of the Qur'an. Orientalists approache in the study of the Qur'an can be grouped into three parts. The first, Historically-critical, that is, reviewing a narrative by looking at what really happened. These criticisms include forms, editors, and sources. The second. Interpretive interpretation, i.e. interpreting the text using one of three methods; philology, literature, and linguistics. The third, phenomenologists, namely describing the reception of the Qur'an carried out by individuals of a particular group.  According to Syamsuddin Arif, there are many ways or techniques used by orientalists to question their authenticity, where the classic issue that is often raised is the influence of Jews, Christians, Zoorosters, and so on Islam and cages in the Qur'an (Theories of borrowing and influence). Some of them are trying to reveal what could be evidence for the loan theory and its influence. Especially from Jewish-Christian literature and traditions (such as Abraham Geiger, Clair Tisdall, and others). There are also those who compare the teachings of the Qur'an with the customs of Jahiliyyah, Roman, and so on.
EFFECT OF PICTURE AND PICTURE LEARNING MODELS ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Zulfadli Zulfadli , Mardhatillah Mardhatillah , Kistian Agus
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out the influence of picture and picture learning models on the learning outcomes of grade II students at SD Negeri 1 Simpang 4 on the theme of clean and healthy living. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach with the type of research used is quasi experimentation. The sample in this study consisted of 42 people consisting of 21 people of class IIA and 21 people of class IIB. Data collection techniques used are observation, test, validation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the T-test analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average posttest value of students' learning outcomes in the experimental class (II-B) of SD Negeri I Simpang Peut Nagan Raya regency was 76.19, while the average posttest score of students in the control class (II-B) of SD Negeri I Simpang Peut Nagan Raya regency was 63.33. This is proven by the results of statistical data analysis "T-Test Test" that obtained thitung value (3,339) > ttabel (1,724). This proves that hypotheses are accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the picture and picture learning model affects students' learning outcomes on the theme of clean and healthy living in grade II of SD Negeri 1 Simpang Peut.
ANALYSIS OF TEACHER ABILITIES IN IMPLEMENTING ONLINE LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF THE NORTH SUMATRA PAB FOUNDATION
Authors: Yusrizal Yusrizal , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the ability of teachers to implement online learning in private primary schools in North Sumatra PAB. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive research type. Descriptive research in this study aims to describe the observed data. The population in this study were 31 schools in North Sumatra PAB private primary schools. The sampling technique in this study was random sampling, while the sample in this study was 9 schools with each school being taken by one teacher as the research sample. The data collection technique in this research is observation. The data analysis technique is using the descriptive data analysis technique. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: the teacher's ability to implement online learning in North Sumatra PAB primary schools is low. The low ability of teachers is caused by several factors, but in this study the biggest factor is the lack of teacher motivation in learning technology, which causes online learning not to be carried out as expected. Therefore, the government's attention to the mastery of technology for all teachers is something that needs to be improved considering that one of the biggest indicators of the times is the rapid development of technology.
EFFECT OF USING ONLINE MODULE ON THE LEARNING RESULTS OF UT STUDENTS AT THE FINAL EXAMINATION GRADUATION LEVEL
Authors: Ginting Kuala , Widiyarti Gemala
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted on students of the UPBJJ UT Medan Open University who focused on the PGSD UT students of the Pandan Tapteng Study group. Based on data analysis and research hypothesis testing carried out in Class A and B semester nine UT students registration period 2020.1 it can be concluded as follows: Student learning outcomes using conventional learning in final semester UT students obtained an average value of 71.43. Student learning outcomes using the online module in the final semester students obtained an average value of 80.24. There is a significant effect of using the online module on UT student learning outcomes at the level of passing the final exam.
Implementasi Kepemimpinan Yesus Kristus Menurut Yohanes 13:1-20
Authors: Simanjuntak Hotman Parulian
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeadership is an integral part of all human civilization because everyone needs a leader. Leader and leadership cannot be separated from one another. Where the purpose of choosing a leader is to influence, admonish, direct the people they lead to the goals they want to achieve. Thus, leadership is more likely to function and not position. The world offers and shapes leaders who are more focused on position and authority. This clearly contradicts the leadership of Jesus Christ in John 13: 1-20. It happens in Christian leadership today. Some of the Christian leaders have not been able to be examples of holiness in life, where they are not willing and able to leave old habits. Sometimes some of the Christian leaders live in enmity, either with the congregation, council or with fellow Christian leaders. Based on the above problems, the author will examine more deeply referring to the title: "Implementation of the Leadership of Jesus Christ According to John 13: 1-20, with the aim and purpose of knowing the relevance of the leadership model of Jesus Christ According to John 13: 1-20 for Christian leadership in the future. now, in order to become a guide in Christian leadership today.Key words: Implementation, Leadership, Jesus Christ, John 13:1-20 Abstrak         Kepemimpinan adalah bagian yang integral dalam sepanjang peradaban manusia karena semua orang membutuhkan pemimpin. Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lainnya. Dimana tujuan dipilihnya seorang pemimpin adalah untuk mempengaruhi, menegur, mengarahkan supaya orang-orang yang dipimpinnya sampai kepada tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Dengan demikian kepemimpinan lebih cenderung kepada fungsi dan bukan posisi. Dunia menawarkan dan membentuk para pemimpin yang lebih berfokus kepada posisi dan otoritas. Hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan kepemimpinan Yesus Kristus dalam Yohanes 13:1-20. Hal itu terjadi dalam kepemimpinan Kristen pada masa kini. Sebagian dari pemimpin Kristen belum mampu untuk menjadi teladan dalam kekudusan hidup, dimana mereka belum mau dan mampu untuk meninggalkan kebiasaan lama. Terkadang sebagian dari pemimpin Kristen hidup dalam perseteruan, baik dengan jemaat, majelis maupun dengan sesama pemimpin Kristen. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka penulis akan meneliti lebih dalam merujuk pada judul: “Implementasi Kepemimpinan Yesus Kristus Menurut Yohanes 13:1-20, dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk mengetahui relevansi model kepemimpinan Yesus Kristus Menurut Yohanes 13:1-20 bagi kepemimpinan Kristen masa kini, supaya dapat menjadi pedoman dalam kepemimpinan Kristen masa kini.Kata kunci: Implementasi, Kepemimpinan, Yesus Kristus, Yohanes 13:1-20.
Caracterización ecológica de la ornitofauna del Páramo del Duende
Authors: Cuesta Ríos Eric Yair , Moya-Robledo Jimi , Ramírez-Maturana Florentino
Published: January 2021

A partir de observaciones de campo enfatizadas en puntos de muestreos específicos por grupo taxonómico como búsqueda intensiva, conteos desde puntos fijos y el análisis de la estructura trófica, aplicando la metodología muestreos ecológicos rápidos (MER), se caracterizó ecológicamente la ornitofauna del Páramo del Duende, lo que dejó como resultado el registro de 22 especies todas en riesgo de amenaza menor, ratificando el buen estado de conservación del ecosistemas. Las 21 especies registradas son consideradas paramunas porque son abundantes y permanecen en todo el entorno la mayor parte del año, excluyendo la presencia o el registro ocasional de Aramus guarauna que es una especie que suele habitar en zonas abiertas y pantanosas de tierras bajas. De acuerdo con el análisis de la curva de acumulación de especies se aduce que el tiempo de muestreo no fue suficiente para el conocimiento de la riqueza de la zona de estudio, lo cual supone que aplicando un esfuerzo mayor al empleado se podría incrementar el número de especies, a pesar de esta variable se lograron listar 10 nuevos informes para la ornitofauna del departamento del Chocó y de esta manera se amplía a 159 especies registradas en este ecosistema, entre las que se encuentra el Paramero Áureo (Eriocnemis mosquera), que es una especie que cumple con criterios AICA y que además fue observada forrajeando en pequeños arbustos del páramo a 3.568 msnm en busca de alimento.
Implementation of dynamic snow density within GlobSnow snow
water equivalent retrieval methodology
Authors: Venäläinen Pinja , Luojus Kari , Lemmetyinen Juha , Pulliainen Jouni , Moisander Mikko , Takala Matias
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important variable in describing global seasonal snow cover. Traditionally, SWE has been measured manually at snow transects or using observations from weather stations. However, these measurements have a poor spatial coverage, and a good alternative to in-situ measurements is to use spaceborne passive microwave observations, which can provide global coverage at daily timescales. The reliability and accuracy of SWE estimates made using spaceborne microwave radiometer data can be improved by assimilating radiometer observations with weather station snow depth observations as done in the GlobSnow SWE retrieval methodology. However, one possible source of uncertainty in the GlobSnow SWE retrieval approach is the constant snow density used in modelling the emission of snow. In this paper, three versions of spatially and temporally varying snow density fields were implemented using snow transect data from Eurasia and Canada and automated snow observations from the USA. Snow density fields were used to post-process the baseline GlobSnow v.3.0 SWE product. Decadal snow density information, i.e. fields where snow density for each day of the year was taken as the mean calculated for the corresponding day over ten years, was found to produces the best results. Overall, post-processing GlobSnow SWE retrieval with dynamic snow density information improved overestimation of small SWE values and underestimation of large SWE values, though underestimation of SWE values larger than 175 mm was still significant.
UN PROGRAMA NECESARIO EN UNA “UNIVERSIDAD NECESARIA”: PROGRAMA DE ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL DE LA PERSONA ADULTA MAYOR (PAIPAM), UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL, HEREDIA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Fernández Maribel León
Published: January 2021

El PAIPAM es un proyecto de extensión que intenta contribuir para el desarrollo de una nueva imagen de la persona adulta mayor y estructura sus acciones en los principios de lo envejecimiento activo. Este proyecto, por medio del enseñanza, investigación y extensión, pretende consolidar una nueva cultura de envejecimiento, na cuál sea posible eliminar mitos y estereotipos sobre la tercera edad y la relaciones intergeracionales. El presente texto tiene por objetivo presentar las características del Programa de Atención Integral de la Persona Adulta Mayor (PAIPAM) de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Además de la pesquisa descriptiva sobre el PAIPAM, fue realizada una recogida de testimonios de alumnos sobre las actividades que hacen este proyecto de extensión. Pódese mirar desde los relatos que el PAIPAM ha podido contribuir a la re-creación y desarrollo de una nueva imagen de la persona adulta mayor basada en el envejecimiento activo y al desarrollo personal y colectivo de esta población.
PRÁTICAS INOVADORAS DE CURRÍCULO
Authors: Veiga Adriana Almeida , Garcia Joe de Assis
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo tem como tema as Práticas Inovadoras de Currículo na Escola Barco de Madhyapara- Chalanbeel (Solar- Powered Floating Schools), região oeste de Bangladesh, tendo como mantenedora a ONG Shidhulai  Swanirvar Sangstha. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o currículo dessa Escola Barco que possibilita à população local a continuidade de seus estudos mesmo na decorrência de inundações, fator esse que acomete grandes regiões de Bangladesh deixando a população impossibilitada de ir até a escola edifício. Justificando-se por ser um exercício de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento intelectual, contribui para melhorar a educação já que um projeto inovador  acompanhado de intencionalidades para emancipação dos sujeitos, já que a população é acometida de inundações perdendo suas plantações e terrenos, gerando disputas entre os moradores quando as águas recuam.  Os barcos possuem captadores  transformadores da energia solar em elétrica. Dessa forma, a população também se beneficia da Escola pois pode abastecer de energia suas lanternas para realizar trabalhos manuais a noite, fator esse que colabora da renda da família.   Com objetivo específico de analisar a trajetória histórica do “barco escola”, descrever a proposta curricular dessa escola e analisar suas práticas inovadoras no currículo será debatido mediante consulta a autores que discutem sobre inovação educacional e currículo como Hernandez (2000), Carbonell (2002), Hernando Calvo (2016),  Masetto (2004) e currículo, Silva (2010). Futuramente com o desaparecimento das aldeias, crianças e famílias poderão morar em um barco. Palavras- chave: Currículo. Educação. Práticas Pedagógicas.
O PROGRAMA SAÚDE NA ESCOLA E A APRENDIZAGEM DOS ALUNOS DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Costa Maria Adélia
Published: January 2021

Este texto apresenta o resultado de uma investigação sobre o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE). A problemática está em apreender se essa integração multidisciplinar favorece a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como da qualidade de vida, dos estudantes matriculados em instituições públicas de educação básica. Teve como objetivo investigar os modos de materialização do PSE nessas escolas, visando apreender como essas áreas, ao se unirem, podem colaborar com aspectos de inclusão social. O percurso metodológico contou com 4 passos: 1. Levantamento bibliográfico com os descritores “saúde e educação” e “programa saúde na escola”; 2. Mapeamento das escolas públicas municipais do município de Contagem; 3. Contato e agendamento com as escolas para desenvolvimento da pesquisa e; 4. Entrevista com equipe pedagógica da instituição. Constatou-se que esse município não implantou o PSE porque tem um programa institucional, denominado de “Articulador Comunitário” (AC), que se aproxima da proposta do PSE. Desse modo, foi necessário buscar outro campo para a pesquisa e foi indicado por dois médicos cubanos, o município de Belford roxo/RJ, local onde eles atuavam. No município carioca foi possível realizar a pesquisa pelas redes sociais e contatos telefônicos. Em Contagem o programa AC possibilitou a melhoria do desempenho dos estudantes, bem como diminuiu o índice de evasão escolar.  Em ambos municípios foi possível perceber que as ações eram unilaterais, se em Contagem era a escola que trabalhava isoladamente a integração, no RJ era a Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), que planejava e executava as ações nas escolas.
MAL-ESTAR DOCENTE: UM OLHAR DAS PROFESSORAS E COORDENADORAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Camargo Bruna Caroline , Dworak Ana Paula
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho, resultado de um Trabalho de Conclusão de curso, apresentando na Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, no ano de 2016, tem como objeto de estudo o mal-estar docente e a sua influência na saúde do professor. Considerando as mudança e transformações que ocorrem no cotidiano escolar e sociedade, o professor enfrenta novos desafios e funções, os quais podem influenciar no sentimento de mal-estar, bem como na sua saúde. Assim sendo, a pesquisa foi realizada com professores e coordenadoras pedagógicas da rede pública municipal de Ponta Grossa/PR, tendo-se como instrumento para a coleta de dados o questionário e entrevista. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi compreender como o mal-estar tem afetado a profissão docente. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, numa perspectiva exploratória, além de utilizar a pesquisa bibliográfica. As discussões realizadas neste trabalho estão alicerçadas em Cantos (2005), Esteve (1999), Libâneo (2004), Lima e Carvalho (2013), Mizukami (2013), Oliveira (2004). Diante disso, constatou-se que há a necessidade de novos olhares para as questões que levam a compreender a função docente, pois as intensas cargas laborais, as quais demandam muita energia, podem influenciar na saúde do professor. Além disso, verificou-se que estão a cada dia mais desmotivados e buscando novos caminhos, até mesmo com anseios de mudar de profissão. Portanto, percebe-se a necessidade de uma formação continuada mais vigorosa com esses profissionais, para que estejam prontos para lidar com essa situação, além de motiva-los e auxilia-los para que estes sentimentos não levem ao adoecimento e a desistência da profissão.
OS DESAFIOS DE MINISTRAR AULAS PARA IDOSOS(AS)
Authors: Kunst Marina Holanda
Published: January 2021

Diante de um cenário de crescente número de idosos em todo o mundo, pensar nesses sujeitos torna-se fundamental para a construção de um mundo apto para recebe-los, respeitando suas capacidades e dificuldades inerentes a idade. Destaca-se, assim, a educação, por possibilitar que esses sujeitos tenham mais autonomia e independência, tanto no espaço individual como no social. Dentro desta, depreende-se o ensino da língua espanhola para idosos como forma de fortalece-los, além da troca de experiência entre aluno-professor. Dentro desse contexto, a UnATI/UFPE se destaca por promover e incentivar ações para melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas. A presente pesquisa é um relato de experiência da pesquisadora no período em que era professora na UnATI/UfPE. O trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a utilização de material didático para classes de espanhol para idosos. A partir de observações feitas pela professora e por algumas sugestões dos próprios alunos ao longo do curso, a professora começou a refletir sobre novas ferramentas facilitadores para a assimilação e aprendizagem da língua espanhola em aula. Diante desses acontecimentos, a professora tentou incorporar outros tipos de materiais didáticos, como os lúdicos, vídeos e músicas/canção, como forma de envolver e motivar os alunos nas aulas. Dessa forma, o ensino da língua espanhola na UnATI/UFPE é uma das formas de empoderar os idosos. Salienta-se assim, o uso do livro e a dificuldade de envolvimento da turma a partir deste, mostrando-se necessário o uso de incorporação de novas técnicas para motivar os alunos.
A JORNADA DE TRABALHO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL COMO ELEMENTO CONDICIONANTE PARA VALORIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Medeiros Danyela Martins , Cruz Shirleide Pereira da Silva
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir sobre a organização da jornada de trabalho docente como um dos elementos constitutivos da valorização profissional em especial na jornada de trabalho docente no Distrito Federal. Reconhecemos alguns elementos que se articulam e encaminham para uma valorização docente. São eles: a formação inicial e permanente, carreira e jornada de tralho compatíveis, condições adequadas de trabalho e salário que permita o exercício e o reconhecimento da profissão. Destacando o elemento jornada de trabalho, o que seria compatível, adequado, justo em termos de horas despendidas de trabalho do professor? Partimos da conceituação de jornada de trabalho na sociedade capitalista para entendermos suas consequências para a organização do trabalho docente. Utilizou-se a pesquisa documental com análise da legislação sobre a constituição da jornada de trabalho dos professores do Distrito Federal para entender como se constitui a jornada de trabalho do professor dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental neste sistema de ensino. Os resultados mostram que as leis distritais contemplam uma jornada de trabalho compatível com o que determina as leis nacionais pois a jornada do professor do DF compreende 25 horas em regência e 15 horas em atividades extraclasse, esse período além da regência recebe o nome de “Coordenação Pedagógica”, institucionalizado desde 1996, que sinaliza para uma valorização docente no quotidiano.  Mesmo que a jornada de trabalho do professor do DF comtemple expectativas de valorização docente, esse e outros elementos devem estar articulados com autonomia na realização do trabalho e de modo geral com a profissionalização por meio da formação continuada, enxergando o trabalho docente em sua totalidade.
TRABALHO DOCENTE NA SOCIEDADE ADMINISTRADA
Authors: Lacerda Lilian dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Este artigo teve por objetivo refletir acerca dos impactos das reformas políticas no Brasil no trabalho docente. Diante a racionalidade presente na sociedade contemporânea e no processo educativo procurou-se compreender os impactos da racionalização das reformas educacionais no trabalho docente. Para tanto, tomou-se como categoria central o trabalho docente, a partir da análise da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB), Lei nº 9394/96 e os estudos de Gimeno Sacristán (1995, 1998, 1999) e Marin (2005, 2012) que abordam a temática. Para realizar a análise das observações buscou-se o aporte teórico na Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, especialmente nas formulações de Marcuse (1973, 1998), de modo a compreender o trabalho docente em sua relação com o processo histórico e social. Os dados apresentados foram coletados por meio de observação, um recorte de uma investigação realizada em uma escola da rede estadual paulista. Os resultados apontam que as reformas educacionais tem caráter autoritário e por meio de uma linguagem moderna procuram atender as necessidades imediatas da sociedade. A racionalidade expressa nas reformas moldam um novo tipo de profissional em consonância com as exigências da sociedade contemporânea.
O PROCESSO DE ESCOLHA DE TURMAS E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE CARGA HORÁRIA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL: FUGA POR MELHORES CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO?
Authors: Franco Maira Vieira Amorim , Sousa Fernando Santos , Medeiros Danyela Martins , Medeiros Jennifer de Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e trazer para o debate aspectos relativos ao processo de escolha de turmas e distribuição de carga horária dos professores da rede pública de ensino do Distrito Federal, que atuam nos anos iniciais. Este processo tem sido direcionado por uma portaria elaborada anualmente por meio de discussões entre governo e sindicato de professores. Entendemos que este instrumento norteador, adquire um caráter de direcionamento formativo e até mesmo uma alternativa de minimizar as precárias condições de trabalho por parte de professoras e professores. Identificamos que a portaria por meio de seus critérios de pontuação aponta caminhos para um aligeiramento da formação continuada, uma vez que em sua composição pontua melhor os professores que apresentam cursos apostilados, com elevado número de horas, desvalorizando os cursos presenciais principalmente os de maior carga horária, que demandam maior esforço e sólida formação teórico/prática. Tais questões acabam por proporcionar competição entre os pares e, categorias que operam dialeticamente como a valorização e desvalorização, o prazer e o sofrimento, o individualismo e a coletividade.
MÉTODO DE CASO COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO PARA INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE A TEORIA ACADÊMICA E A PRÁTICA EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Almeida Elizângela Silva , Nielsen Flávia Angeli Ghisi , Rodrigues Ivete , Morilhas Leandro José , Olivo Rodolfo Leandro de Faria , Spadoto Fábia Auxiliadora Pereira de Mattos
Published: January 2021

Partindo de uma reflexão sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de administração, principalmente no que se refere ao emprego de recursos pedagógicos que aproximem os alunos da realidade a ser enfrentada nas organizações, este estudo investiga o Método do Estudo de Caso como disciplina na grade curricular em uma das principais instituições de ensino superior em administração de empresas do Brasil. Para obtenção dos resultados da pesquisa, o estudo foi estruturado em três etapas: entrevista qualitativa com docente das disciplinas Resolução de Casos I e II na instituição objeto de estudo, um estudo observacional nas aulas das disciplinas e um questionário quantitativo com alunos da graduação para analisar a percepção dos estudantes quanto ao emprego desse método em uma disciplina regular do curso de administração. Os resultados indicam que o método de caso promove maior integração entre a teoria e a prática, na medida em que os alunos são colocados no papel de gestores e têm que tomar decisões de negócio considerando o complexo mundo empresarial, aproximando-os da vivência no ambiente organizacional.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O FINANCIAMENTO EDUCACIONAL: UMA REVISÃO CRÍTICA DOS AVANÇOS E RETROCESSOS DO INVESTIMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL
Authors: Amorim Ivair Fernandes de
Published: January 2021

Este texto apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre financiamento educacional e da legislação vigente com intuito de realizar uma crítica às políticas públicas de financiamento da educação. Para tanto, retoma importantes documentos e leis que marcaram a Educação Nacional, em especial, os que foram determinantes para a consecução dos investimentos educacionais. Postula, ainda, sobre o quadro paradoxal, vivido atualmente, instaurado por políticas, de rígido contingenciamento, inauguradas pela Emenda Constitucional 95/2016 que ameaçam conquistas obtidas ao longo dos anos pelos esforços acadêmicos de pesquisadores dessa área, assim como pela pressão popular exercida por meio da sociedade civil organizada, por exemplo a Vinculação Constitucional de Recursos. Por fim, aponta a necessidade de sustentar o compromisso de democratização da Escola Pública Brasileira.
O projeto bolsa alfabetização na formação inicial do professor: o que dizem as pesquisas correlatas
Authors: Pereia Marli Amélia Lucas , De André Marli Eliza Dalmazo Afonso
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho é um recorte da tese de doutorado denominada “A Articulação entre Universidade e Escola: os saberes necessários para participação no Projeto Bolsa Alfabetização”. Tem por objetivo apresentar o Projeto Bolsa Alfabetização, que foi implantado no Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2007,  e desvelar o que dizem as pesquisas sobre sua contribuição para a formação inicial do professor. Entende-se que uma iniciativa de aproximação universidade e escola na formação inicial, favorece a aprendizagem da docência no ambiente de trabalho, em colaboração com o professor da escola. O Projeto Bolsa Alfabetização corrobora com as propostas de formação docente de Nóvoa (2008, 2009), Marcelo (2010), Zeichner (2010) e Vaillant e Marcelo (2012), no que se refere à defesa de uma formação profissional voltada para o contexto escolar, numa perspectiva de trabalho colaborativo.
Base isolation
Authors: Lee D. M. , Medland I. C.
Published: January 2021

In this paper the evolution of a technique for protecting a structure from earthquake attack is traced from its beginning through to its currently most effective form, and this form, the Base Isolation System, is compared to other currently available techniques. The influence of higher mode effects in base isolated multi-storey structures is investigated and shown to be of considerable significance in determining the shear forces in the upper levels of a structure. Because of these higher mode effects the responses of appendages on isolated structures, while still being less than those for appendages on unisolated structures, can be significantly larger than previous 1-D analyses had suggested. A standard set of distributions of inter-storey shear up a multi-storey structure is presented with each distribution being defined by a parameter which varies from zero to unity.
Estimation of base isolated structure responses
Authors: Lee D. M. , Medland I. C.
Published: January 2021

The dynamic responses of a set of elastic six storey shear structures mounted on a bilinear hysteretic Base Isolation (B.I.) System and forced by a wide range of different 'types’ and 'strengths’ of real and simulated earthquakes, are studied. The responses of the same set of structures, without the Base Isolation System, to the same range of earthquakes are also computed for comparative purposes. It is found that for the B.I. system investigated, not only are the maximum shear forces in an isolated structure reduced to, on average, 0.2 of their values without B.I., but also that the maximum shear responses of isolated structures can be closely estimated from a wide variety of different parameters, selected from ground motion and elastic response spectrum data of the forcing earthquakes. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals are determined for the linear least squares regression relations between structure responses and earthquake parameters. For the isolation system considered the maximum displacement across the isolation system during an earthquake is shown to be very closely correlated with the maximum structure shear force.
Some Remarks on the Relative Cohen-Macaulay Property
Authors: Nonkan´e Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a detailed proof of Knop's result on the relative Cohen-Macaulay property for invariant graded and finitely subalgebras. We announce the result for the case of formal power series, discuss the non-commutative version, and make interesting remarks.
People
Authors: Britton Hannah E.
Published: January 2021

During the democratic transition, the South African women’s movement focused on creating governmental institutions for women’s empowerment. However, these institutions have not been sufficient to ensure social change. This chapter examines the stories of community leaders who are attempting to fill in the gaps and to address gender-based violence, as well as the stories of community organizers, religious leaders, and tradition leaders who challenge patterns of violence in homes, relationships, and communities. Relying on individual leaders and policy advocates is a tenuous model, given that success is linked to people rather than institutions, and people are not permanent. Similarly, while many community leaders break with “traditional” ideas of male superiority, others continue to deploy these norms to the detriment of women’s empowerment.
An Emerging Literature for Percussion Ensemble
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

In the 1920s, a number of composers prophesied through their writings and their compositions how the music of the twentieth century would sound. Alexander Tcherepnin, Dimitri Shostakovich, George Antheil, and others contributed to the concept that percussion alone could be an instrumental force. This chapter examines in detail works by the French/American composer Edgard Varèse, so-called “father of percussion ensemble music,” including an analysis of his iconic composition for thirteen percussion players, Ionisation. Works by the composers Amadeo Roldán and José Ardévol draw on the Afro-Cuban rhythms of the Caribbean to create a new music, both classical and ethnic. Their compositions, along with those of the Mexican composer Carlos Chávez, served as paradigms for the music that followed.
Henry Cowell and the West Coast Dance Scene
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

Modern dance and music for percussion are linked through the works of musicians who studied with the iconoclastic composer Henry Cowell. This chapter highlights the work of numerous artists who were involved in the dance and music scene along the West Coast of the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Cowell’s early publishing venture New Music helped launch the careers of composers Johanna Beyer, William Russell, Lou Harrison, John Cage, and others. The latter two composers, Harrison and Cage, also studied with the Austrian American composer Arnold Schoenberg whose use of the twelve-tone technique became central to the music of the twentieth century. The chapter ends with a summary of percussion music’s development from the decades before World War I to the compositional hiatus caused by World War II.
Post World War II—America Rising
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

Following World War II, thousands of returning servicemen and women enrolled in American colleges and universities with the financial assistance of the GI Bill. Colleges acted in response to the needs of these older students by offering career-oriented courses and by hiring new faculty to teach them. Music departments began hiring full-time percussion teachers and graduating classes of educated and skilled percussionists. Contemporary composers found these new graduates willing to play their works and responded by dramatically increasing the number of works written for percussion, both solo and ensemble. In the United States, Michael Colgrass, Alan Hovhaness, Henry Brant, and William Kraft created a variety of works ranging from chamber music to solos and even a symphony for percussion. As Europe and Asia recovered from the war, the arts there began a process of rebirth. In the late 1950s and 1960s, French composers André Jolivet, Marius Constant, and Maurice Ohana added a number of percussion works for the concert hall as well as for the dance. The years following World War II and the decades that immediately followed saw a resurgence of musical creativity and the schooled percussionist became sought after as both performer and teacher.
Serialism
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

In the 1950s and 1960s, many composers, influenced by Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern, embraced serial compositional techniques. Tonal music became atonal and composers, such as Pierre Boulez from France and the German composer, Karlheinz Stockhausen, championed this new compositional approach. This chapter defines serialism and how composers applied it to works for percussion instruments. Music examples include Stockhausen’s solo work, Zyklus, with its totally original notational system, and a setting of an E. E. Cummings poem, Circles, by the Italian composer Luciano Berio. American composer Charles Wuorinen’s use of Milton Babbitt’s “time point” system in both his solo work Janissary Music and his forty-five-minute Percussion Symphony is presented, as is the work of Argentine composer Alberto Ginastera, who contributed to the literature one of the twentieth century’s largest percussion works, Cantata para América Mágica, for dramatic soprano and fifty-three percussion instruments. A discussion of percussion solo and ensemble works by the Greek composer, architect, and mathematician Iannis Xenakis completes the chapter.
Electronic Music
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

With the end of World War II came the rebirth of European radio. Government stations in both France and Germany established experimental studios for research, from which arose a new kind of music, “electronic music.” The station in France, Office de Radiodiffusion Télevision Française (ORTF), was directed by the engineer/composer Pierre Schaeffer and his partner, Pierre Henry, who called their musical creations musique concrète. In Germany the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) studio produced music through the process of “synthesis.” This chapter will explain the difference between the two approaches used to create electronic music with examples from the percussion solo and ensemble repertoire. Early experiments using wire recorders, test records, and tape recorders by composers Halim El-Dabh, John Cage, and Edgard Varèse precede the major electronic works of Karlheinz Stockhausen, Mario Davidovsky, and the American composer Stephen Everett, whose use of computers in “real time” brings the reader into the next century.
Epilogue
Authors: Siwe Thomas
Published: January 2021

How will percussion music as described in the preceding chapters evolve in the twenty-first century? The reader will have seen that some of the works Artful Noise examined embraced more than one genre, and that many composers synthesized various styles to create new hybrid forms. The elements of theater will always be important to the percussive arts, which are, by nature, both tactile and visual. With the aid of the computer, composers are now able to create new sounds and realize new ways to organize them as well as ways to disorganize them. The postmillennial generation was born to this technology. Will they embrace it and reject the past? Only time will tell.