bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Chinese Older Outpatients according to Beers Criteria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tian Fangyuan , Li Haixia , Chen Zhaoyan , Xu Ting
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Multimorbidity and polypharmacy in older adults always
increase the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs)
and affect the quality of life of the older adults. The purposes of this
study were aimed to investigate the prevalence of PIMs prescription and
the most frequent PIMs among outpatients according to Beers criteria and
to explore related risk factors for PIMs prescription. Methods: The
cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among elderly
outpatients in Chengdu (a city in China) from January 2018 to December
2018. The 2015 Beers criteria was used to assess PIMs in elderly
outpatients. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression
analysis were adopted to determine the factors that may affect the
prevalence of PIMs in elderly outpatients. Results: A total of 15523
patient prescriptions were enrolled, of which 4654 (29.98%) were
identified with at least one PIM based on Beers criteria, and 6460 PIMs
were detected. Of these PIM prescriptions, 76.32% were detected to
receive 1 PIM, 16.54% were detected to receive 2 PIMs, and only 7.13%
were found to have at least 3 PIMs. Benzodiazepines (2371, 50.95%),
diuretics (1197, 25.72%), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(439, 9.43%) were three common types of drugs that were the most
frequent PIMs used. Sex, age, number of diseases, number of medications,
and diseases or disease states were risk factors for PIMs in
outpatients. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the
phenomenon of PIM was common among elderly outpatients in Chengdu. Risk
factors for PIM in elderly outpatients include gender, age, number of
diseases, number of medications, and sleep disorder.
Estimation of the Influence of Meteorological Factors on the Potential Evapotranspiration of Yanhe River Basin
Authors: luo yu , Gao Peng , Mu Xingmin , Qiu dexun
Published: January 2021

Potential evapotranspiration (ET) is an
important expenditure item in the hydrological cycle. Quantitative
estimation of the influence of meteorological factors on
ET can provide a scientific basis for the study
of the impact mechanism of climate change on the hydrological cycle. In
this paper, the Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate
ET. The Mann-Kendall statistical test and the
Inverse Distance Weighting method were used to analyze the temporal and
spatial characteristics of the sensitivity coefficient of
ET to meteorological factors and contribution
rate of meteorological factors to ET. And the
reasons for the change of ET were quantitatively
explored in combination with the change trend of meteorological factors.
The results showed that the average ET in the
Yanhe River Basin from 1978 to 2017 was 935.92mm. Except for Ganquan
Station, ET showed an upward trend. Generally,
the sensitivity coefficient of air temperature (0.08), wind speed (0.19)
and solar radiation (0.42) was positive and the sensitivity coefficient
of relative humidity (-0.41) was negative. But there were significant
temporal and spatial differences. The upward trend of air temperature
and solar radiation contributed 1.09% and 0.55% to
ET. Respectively, the downward trend of wind
speed contributed -0.63% And the downward trend of relative humidity
contributed to -0.85% of ET. Therefore, the
decrease of relative humidity did not cause the increase of
ET in Yanhe River basin. The dominant factor of
the upward trend of ET was air temperature. But
the dominant factors of ET had significant
temporal and spatial differences. The downward trend of wind speed at
Ganquan Station contributed -9.16% to ET, which
indicated the dominant factor of “evaporation paradox” in Ganquan area
was wind speed. Generally, the increase of ET
was related to air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation. And the
decrease of ET was related to relative humidity.
Paediatric invasive long-term ventilation -- A ten-year review
Authors: Walsh Aoibhinn , Furlong Mairead , McNally Paul , O'Reilly Ruth , Javadpour Sheila , Cox Des
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: The number of children with complex physical
and developmental pathologies, including chronic respiratory
insufficiency, surviving and growing beyond early childhood continues to
rise. No study has examined the clinical pathway of children on invasive
LTMV in an Irish setting. Our data over a 10-year period was reviewed to
see if our demographics and outcomes are in line with global trends.
Methods: Children’s Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin is Ireland’s
largest tertiary paediatric hospital. A retrospective review analysed
data from children in our centre commenced on LTMV via a tracheostomy
over 10 years (2009 – 2018). This data was subdivided into two epochs
for statistical analysis of longitudinal trends. Results: Forty-six
children were commenced on LTMV from 2009 to 2018. Many had complex
medical diagnoses with associated co-morbidities. Far less children,
30.4% (n=14) commenced on LTMV in the latter half of the 10-year
period, they also fared better in all aspects of their treatment course.
Focusing solely on children who have needed LTMV over this timeframe has
enabled us to isolate trends specific to this cohort. Less patients
commenced LTMV on a year on year basis, and for those that require
tracheostomy and LTMV, their journey to decannulation tends to be
shorter. Conclusion: Over the period reviewed, less patients over time
necessitated long-term invasive therapy and those patients are being
weaned and decannulated with ever more success. This has implications in
terms of predicting numbers transitioning to adult services and
allocation of hospital and community care resources.
Pedigree-based assessment of recent population connectivity in a threatened rattlesnake
Authors: Martin Scott , Lipps Greg , Gibbs H. Lisle
Published: January 2021

Managing endangered species in fragmented landscapes requires estimating
dispersal rates between populations over contemporary timescales. Here
we develop a new method for quantifying recent dispersal using genetic
pedigree data for close and distant kin. Specifically, we describe an
approach that infers missing shared ancestors between pairs of kin in
habitat patches across a fragmented landscape. We then apply a
stepping-stone model to assign unsampled individuals in the pedigree to
probable locations based on minimizing the number of movements required
to produce the observed locations in sampled kin pairs. Finally, we use
all pairs of reconstructed parent-offspring sets to estimate dispersal
rates between habitat patches under a Bayesian model. Our approach
measures connectivity over the timescale represented by the small number
of generations contained within the pedigree and so is appropriate for
estimating the impacts of recent habitat changes due to human activity.
We used our method to estimate recent movement between newly discovered
populations of threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus
catenatus) using data from 2996 RAD-based genetic loci. Our pedigree
analyses found no evidence for contemporary connectivity between five
genetic groups, but, as validation of our approach, showed high
dispersal rates between sample sites within a single genetic cluster. We
conclude that these five genetic clusters of Eastern Massasauga
Rattlesnakes have small numbers of resident snakes and are
demographically isolated conservation units. More broadly, our
methodology can be widely applied to determine contemporary connectivity
rates, independent of bias from shared genetic similarity due to
ancestry that impacts other approaches.
The usefulness of echocardiography in the diagnosis of myocarditis in a young male after sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Sacharczuk Wioletta , Dankowski Rafał , Szyszka Andrzej
Published: January 2021

The diagnosis of acute myocarditis (AM) remains challenging because of
its diverse clinical manifestations. Thus, a wide range of diagnostic
tests may be warranted. Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the
preferred imaging technique, it may not be applicable in the acute AM
phase. Our case report highlights the usefulness and diagnostic accuracy
of echocardiographic examination. In the first 2-dimensional
echocardiography, the focal echobright was presented. A reduced value of
global longitudinal strain, and regional disturbances of segmental
myocardial strain, both longitudinal and circumferential, in the
epicardial layer, were detected with a good correlation with CMR
results.
THE MANY FACES OF GENERALIZING THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
Authors: Baraghith Karim , Feldbacher-Escamilla Christian J.
Published: January 2021

Ever since proposals for generalizing the theory of natural evolution have been put forward, the aims and ambitions of both proponents and critics have differed widely. Some consider such proposals as merely metaphors, some as analogies, some aim at a real generalization and unification, and some have even proposed to work out full reductions. In this paper it is argued that these different forms of generalizing the theory of evolution can be systematically re-framed as different approaches for transferring justification from the natural to the cultural realm, and that their differences are basically a matter of degree. With the help of such a classification it should become clearer what to expect, but also what not to expect from the different approaches.
Making the Trade in the National Basketball Association (NBA): A Research Case Exploring Like-Kind Exchange Treatment Post Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Authors: Nylen Paul C. , Huels Brian W.
Published: January 2021

The primary aim of this activity is to explore tax issues related to an exchange of non-financial assets. Students are presented with a case that involves a fictional trade of players between two teams in the NBA. Using a trade date of January 1, 2018, students are presented with the opportunity to explore the treatment of a non-financial asset like-kind exchange post the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. In addition, students are challenged to determine the definition of fair market value and how its calculation could have a substantial impact on the finances of a professional basketball team. Data gathered from pre- and post-questionnaires, including both objective measures and student experiential feedback, support the usage of this activity. Results show that this case increased students' ability to understand and summarize relevant information from a complex set of facts, while also growing their tax knowledge and tax research skills.
Designing Accounting Futures: Exploring Ambiguity in Accounting Classrooms through Design Futuring
Authors: McGuigan Nicholas , Ghio Alessandro , Kern Thomas
Published: January 2021

A means in which to facilitate a broader, integrated, and student-centered education is to work across disciplines and embrace new forms of pedagogical design. “Design futuring,” a creative design methodology, stimulates thought, negotiates futures, and develops critical thinking and collaborative communication. This learning strategy paper discusses the innovative process of design futuring, using the double-variable method, in accounting education to help students examine and think about the future of the accounting profession. Illustrative examples and feedback are provided on how design futuring has been used effectively with accounting students to explore ambiguity and critical thought on the future of accounting and illicit new creative ways forward in accounting education.
Longitudinal Assessment of 11C-5-Hydroxytryptophan Uptake in Pancreas After Debut of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Espes Daniel , Carlsson Per-Ola , Selvaraju Ram Kumar , Rosestedt Maria , Cheung Pierre , Ahlström Håkan , Korsgren Olle , Eriksson Olof
Published: January 2021

The longitudinal alterations of the pancreatic β-cell and islet mass in the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to repeatedly assess the endocrine volume and the morphology of the pancreas for up to 24 months after T1D diagnosis (n = 16), by 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan (11C-5-HTP) positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI. Study participants were examined four times by PET/MRI: at recruitment and then after 6, 12, and 24 months. Clinical examinations and assessment of β-cell function by a mixed-meal tolerance test and fasting blood samples were performed in connection with the imaging examination. Pancreas volume has a tendency to decrease from 50.2 ± 10.3 mL at T1D debut to 42.2 ± 14.6 mL after 24 months (P < 0.098). Pancreas uptake of 11C-5-HTP (e.g., the volume of the endocrine pancreas) did not decrease from T1D diagnosis (0.23 ± 0.10 % of injected dose) to 24-month follow-up, 0.21 ± 0.14% of injected dose, and exhibited low interindividual changes. Pancreas perfusion was unchanged from diagnosis to 24-month follow-up. The pancreas uptake of 11C-5-HTP correlated with the long-term metabolic control as estimated by HbA1c (P < 0.05). Our findings argue against a major destruction of β-cell or islet mass in the 2-year period after diagnosis of T1D.
Association of Early-Phase In-Hospital Glycemic Fluctuation With Mortality in Adult Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Liangkai , Sun Wenwu , Liu Yanli , Zhang Lijuan , Lv Yanling , Wang Qiang , Long Ding , Wang Yujun , Zhao Su , Rong Shuang , Yu Li , Liu Liegang
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of in-hospital early-phase glycemic control with adverse outcomes among inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study is a large case series, and data were obtained regarding consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan between 2 January and 15 February 2020. All patients with definite outcomes (death or discharge) were included. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory information were extracted from electronic medical records. We collected daily fasting glucose data from standard morning fasting blood biochemistry to determine glycemic status and fluctuation (calculated as the square root of the variance of daily fasting glucose levels) during the 1st week of hospitalization.

RESULTS

A total of 548 patients were included in the study (median age 57 years; 298 [54%] were women, and n = 99 had diabetes [18%]), 215 suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 489 survived, and 59 died. Patients who had higher mean levels of glucose during their 1st week of hospitalization were older and more likely to have a comorbidity and abnormal laboratory markers, prolonged hospital stays, increased expenses, and greater risks of severe pneumonia, ARDS, and death. Compared with patients with the lowest quartile of glycemic fluctuation, those who had the highest quartile of fluctuation magnitude had an increased risk of ARDS (risk ratio 1.97 [95% CI 1.01, 4.04]) and mortality (hazard ratio 2.73 [95% CI 1.06, 7.73]).

CONCLUSIONS

These results may have implications for optimizing glycemic control strategies in COVID-19 patients during the early phase of hospitalization.
The SEE Study: Safety, Efficacy, and Equity of Implementing Autonomous Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Youth
Authors: Wolf Risa M. , Liu T. Y. Alvin , Thomas Chrystal , Prichett Laura , Galler Ingrid Zimmer , Smith Kerry , Abramoff Michael D. , Channa Roomasa
Published: January 2021

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a
leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Screening
for DR is recommended in children and adolescents but adherence is poor. Recently,
autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been developed for early detection
of DR, and have been included in the American Diabetes Association’s guidelines
for screening in adults. We sought to
determine the diagnostic efficacy of autonomous AI for the diabetic eye exam in
youth with diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: In this prospective study,
point-of-care diabetic eye exam was implemented using a non-mydriatic fundus
camera with an autonomous AI system for detection of DR in a multidisciplinary
pediatric diabetes center. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosability of AI
was compared with consensus grading by retinal specialists, who were masked to AI
output. Adherence to screening guidelines was measured before and after AI
implementation.

Results: 310 youth aged 5-21 with diabetes
were included, of whom 4.2% had DR. Diagnosability of AI was 97.5%
(302/310). The sensitivity and
specificity of AI to detect more than mild DR was 85.7% (95% CI: 42.1%- 99.6%)
and 79.3 % (95% CI: 74.3%-83.8%) compared to the reference standard as defined
by retina specialists. Adherence improved from 49% to 95% after AI
implementation.

Conclusions:

Use of a
non-mydriatic fundus camera with autonomous AI was safe and effective for the
diabetic eye exam in youth in our study. Adherence to screening guidelines
improved with AI implementation. As the prevalence of diabetes increases in
youth, and adherence to screening guidelines remains suboptimal, effective
strategies for diabetic eye exams in this population are needed.
A Mozart Concert or Three Simple Chords? Limits for Approval in Admission Tests for Swedish Specialist Music Teacher Education
Authors: Sandberg-Jurström Ragnhild , Lindgren Monica , Zandén Olle
Published: January 2021

Against the background of problems with unarticulated concepts of quality and assessment criteria when assessing music, this article concerns how the limit for approval is constructed and legitimised by jurors when assessing entrance auditions to Swedish specialist music teacher education. The data comprise video documented auditions, focus group conversations, and stimulated-recall based interviews, involving jury members at four music education departments. Social semiotic theory is used to study how jurors assess applicants’ knowledge representations in main instrument tests, what is considered decisive for an approval, and how this set limit is legitimised. Four approaches have been constructed: the demanding education and profession, the supposed capacity of the applicant, the flexible admission situation, and the care of the applicant. What is considered to be the minimum requirement for approval in these constructions differs markedly, which shows a striking difference between the views of jurors within and between institutions on how the applicants’ musical performances on a main instrument should be assessed. These findings are discussed in relation to two possible scenarios of revised admission tests.
Experiences and Perceptions of Multiculturality, Diversity, Whiteness and White Privilege in Music Teacher Education in Mid-Norway – Contributions to Excluding Structures
Authors: Hovde Sunniva Skjøstad
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on how staff in musical teacher education institutions experience and perceive the terms multiculturality, diversity, whiteness and white privilege, and how this might contribute to excluding structures. The author suggests through a post-qualitative rhizomatic analysis some ways through which excluding structures might be maintained, some touchpoints between different fields of practice, and some marginal practices with enough power to create alternative norms. The author also suggests some points of immanence, what can be seen as remaining within (unspoken of) the practices and a list of possible excluding practices and/or possible consequences for the marginalized groups.
Evaluering av konsertformidling i høyere utdanning
Authors: Waade Roy A. , Dalane Anders
Published: January 2021

This chapter is based on an examination of the subject Dissemination and Concert Production, which is part of the bachelor program for music teacher education at Nord University, Levanger. The authors highlight challenges and opportunities that this subject gives for teachers and students, with particular focus on how to assess a subject that is about creating and presenting concert productions. The Danish model “ønskekvistmodellen” (ØM) is employed as an analysis and evaluation tool to examine the students work with improving the quality of creating, performing and evaluating various concert productions in the years 2017–2019. Data material for the chapter consists of surveys, group interviews and video observation, as well as written reports from the student’s participation at music and art festival (Vrimmel-festivalen) in the northern part of Mid-Norway.
Comparing the Literatures
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: January 2021

Literary studies are being transformed today by the expansive and disruptive forces of globalization. More works than ever circulate worldwide in English and in translation, and even national traditions are increasingly seen in transnational terms. To encompass this expanding literary universe, scholars and teachers need to expand their linguistic and cultural resources, rethink their methods and training, and reconceive the place of literature and criticism in the world. This book integrates comparative, postcolonial, and world-literary perspectives to offer a comprehensive overview of comparative studies and its prospects in a time of great upheaval and great opportunity. The book looks both at institutional forces and at key episodes in the life and work of comparatists who have struggled to define and redefine the terms of literary analysis over the past two centuries, from Johann Gottfried Herder and Germaine de Staël to Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Franco Moretti, and Emily Apter. With literary examples ranging from Ovid and Kālidāsa to James Joyce, Yoko Tawada, and the internet artists Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries, the book shows how the main strands of comparison—philology, literary theory, colonial and postcolonial studies, and the study of world literature—have long been intertwined. A deeper understanding of comparative literature's achievements, persistent contradictions, and even failures can help comparatists in literature and other fields develop creative responses to today's most important questions and debates. Amid a multitude of challenges and new possibilities for comparative literature, the book provides an important road map for the discipline's revitalization.
Introduction
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes the best way to address the many disparate literatures at play in literary studies and explains the real meaning of “comparing” literatures. It also discusses “comparative literature” that signifies work across national boundaries and a growing number of scholars in national literature departments that are becoming comparatists to a significant degree. The chapter looks into the long-standing tension between inclusive and exclusive visions and varied politics of comparative studies. It attempts to reframe the exfoliating variety of comparative studies and provide an anatomy of comparison. It also talks about lingering structuralism that fuels a continuing interest in literary forms and in programmatic structures.
Emigrations
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the major role of emigrants in the history of comparative literature. It pays special attention to the role played by midcentury émigrés from Europe, such as Erich Auerbach, Leo Spitzer, René Wellek, and Paul de Man. It also looks into Lilian R. Furst, whose family fled Vienna in 1938 and who published a memoir with the title “Home Is Somewhere Else.” The chapter recounts the immigration story of Hu Shih and at Lin Yutang that provides an additional dimension of comparative study throughout the century. It also analyzes Hu Shih and at Lin Yutang's popular writings and academic scholarship that had a lasting influence on comparative literature and developed many of the terms explored in East/West and postcolonial studies.
Worlds
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the worldly presence of literary works and considers how they relate to the world around them through the worlds they create. It explores the dimensions of the imaginative world that are built up by a novel, staged by a playwright, or envisioned by a poet. It also investigates the boundaries, environment, history, sociology or ethnography, economic and class determinants, and gender relations of the imaginative world. The chapter looks into “Fictional Worlds” by Thomas Pavel, which discusses the variable “referential density” that a work can have, and the relative wealth or paucity of information given per page, scene, or stanza about the world envisioned by the work. It emphasizes on “amplitude” and “completeness” in order to describe the coordinates and building blocks with which a writer creates a virtual literary world.
Comparisons
Authors: Damrosch David
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains the literary theory that bridge the divides between national traditions in a balanced assessment of similarities and differences called “perspectivism.” It addresses the question of comparability that grew sharper during the 1980s as comparatists began to give more attention to non-Western literatures and struggled to locate their studies along an expanded spectrum. It also analyzes Claudio Guillén's Entre louno y lo diverso, which asserts the necessity of keeping in mind the constant to and fro between the unity sought by human consciousness and the countless historical–spatial differentiations in the field of literature. The chapter looks into an essay by Robert Magliola that asserts a close comparability of sexualized religious iconography in the European Renaissance and in tantric Buddhism. It also talks about Pauline Yu's “Alienation Effects” as a skeptical discussion of the limits of East/West comparability.
KETERTARIKAN WALANG SANGIT (Leptocorisa oratorius F.) TERHADAP BEBERAPA BAHAN ORGANIK YANG MEMBUSUK
Authors: Solikhin Solikhin
Published: January 2021

Attractiveness of Rice Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius F.) to Several Faunal Decaying Materials. An experiment was conducted in Yogyakarta from October 1996 to September 1997 to know (1) the attractiveness of adult male versus female rice stink bug in to decaying crab, (2) the attractiveness of the rice stink bug from the result of point-1 to five decaying materials, and (3) the volatile compounds emitted by each decaying material.  For the first objective, 50 rice stink bugs (sex ratio 1:1) were released into a preference test cage for one hour. Data was then analyzed with X2 at 1 and 5%.  For the second objective, five replicates of five different treatments were arranged in randomized completely block design.  As many as 125 rice stink bugs were released into the central part of  the cage consisting of five equal parts of attractants for one hour.  Data of rice stink bug from each part was analyzed with Anova continued with Duncan's Test at 1 and 5%..  Volatile compounds emitted by each material were captured based on the method of Gamliel and Stapleton (1993) then identified with gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) and (or) capillary gas chromatography. The results were that: (1) adult male rice bug was significantly more attracted to that of female in response to sixth-day-decaying-crab, (2) adult male rice bug was most attracted to sixth-day-decaying cow blood compared to four others, and (3) volatile compounds emitted by those five materials were carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, aceton, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, ammonia, acetic acid, and an unidentified compound.
PENGARUH INFEKSI TMV (TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF BEBERAPA VARIETAS CABAI MERAH (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)
Authors: Mat Akin Hasriadi , Nurdin Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Influence of  tobacco mosaic virus infection to vegetative and generative growth of various hot pepper varieties  (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of TMV infection on vegetative and generative growth of various hot pepper varieties. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized design in split plot experiment with four replications. Mainplots were virus-inoculated and uninoculated plants; subplots were three hot pepper varieties: Cimerti, HP-Typhoon, and HP-Tornado. The results of the experiment showed that TMV infection caused decrease vegetative and generative growth.  The decrease of vegetative and generative growth  indicated by the reduction of leaf width, plant height, and yield.  HP-Tornado and Cimerti varieties showed susceptible reaction proved by significant reduction of the growth and yield;  HP-Typhoon was tolerance reaction to TMV infection indicated by significant reduction of the growth and lowest reduction of the yield.
KETAHANAN BEBERAPA GENOTIPE JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS) INTRODUKSI TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA
Authors: Mustikawati Dewi Rumbia , Murni Andarias Makka
Published: January 2021

The resistance of some_introduced hybrid genotypes maize (Zea mays) towards insect pests. Plant resistance to insect pest play an important role in integrated pest management. Fourty hybrid genotypes released by CIMMYT Mexico and two National hybrid varieties (Pioner 13 and Andalas) as local control had been tested threir resistance to insect pests. The trial was conducted at Natar Station Experimental, South Lampung from April to July 2002. The objective of the experiment was to obtaine the hybrid genotypes in which have a good tolerint or resistance toward insect pests. Alpha latice design with three replicates were used in this experiment. The varieties were grown in two-row plots of 5 m length at row-to-row spacing of 75 cm and hill-to-hill spacing within rows of 25 cm. 300 kg Urea, 150 kg SP-36 and 100 kg KCI ha_1 was applied to the trial. Insect pests damage were observe d at 16 and 80 days after planting. The results showed that there were 12 genotypes have moderate resistance toward insect pests: CMS 991006, CTM 011004, CMT 011018, CMT 011028, CMT 011030, CMT 011036, CMT 011038, CMT 011044, CMT 011050, CMS 951220 (RE), CMT 011056, CMT 011060 and one genotype was susceptible that was CMS 991018, however the others showed varies resistance traits against insect pest.
EFEK PENGHAMBATAN EKSTRAK MENGKUDU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PATOGEN DAN PERKEMBANGAN PENYAKTT LAYU BAKTERI TANAMAN PISANG
Authors: Efri Efri
Published: January 2021

Inhibitory effect of pace extraction on growth of pathogen and development of bacterial wilt of banana disease. Bacterial wilt of banana (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of banana diseases that potentially destructs banana plants in some areas.  A study on the effect of extract of pace plant against bacterial wilt of banana were carried out in laboratory and experimental farm of Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Lampung from May until October 2003. The study consisted of in vitro and intact plant experiments. The treatments for both in vitro and intact plants were (1) steril water (control), (2) extract of pace fruit, (3) extract of pace fruit leaves, (4) extract of pace roots and (5) bactericide (agrymycin sulfate). In vitro study was conducted by using completely randomized design, while intact plant study was conducted by using completely randomized block design. The results showed that extract of fruit, leaf and root of pace suppressed the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro. Fruit extract had the highest ability in suppressing the growth of bacterial wilt. However, the application of all kind of extiact did not suppress the incident of bacterial wilt of banana plant.
DAMPAK APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA PERMETRIN TERHADAP HAMA PENGISAP BIJAIJ HELOPELTIS SPP. (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) DAN ARTROPODA NON-TARGET PADA PERTANAMAN KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.)
Authors: Hasibuan Rosma , Swibawa I Gede , Wibowo Lestari , Pramono Sudi , Hariri Agus M
Published: January 2021

Impact of Permethrin-Insecticide Application on Mirid Pest of Cocoa Helopeltis spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and on Non-target  Arthropods in Cocoa Plantations (Theobroma cacao L.). Cocoa mirid bugs, Helopeltis spp., (Hemiptera: Miridae) are the most important pest of cocoa in Indonesia. A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of permethrin on cocoa mirids and non-target arthropods at a cocoa plantation in specific place. A randomized complete block design was used in which each of four blocks consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of permethrin; 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm and control). The results indicated that the application of permethrin significantly increased the cocoa mirids mortaliiy throughout all sprayed cocoa trees (up to 100% 72 h after application). Even at 1 h after application, the percentage of Cocoa mirids mortality 29.2% - 53.9%) on cocoa trees sprayed with permethrin at concentrations of 50 - 250 ppm was significantly higher than that on control plant (3.6%). At 72 h after treatments, application of permethrin at concentrations of 200 and 250 ppm caused a complete kill (mortalty of 100%) in the test mirids. Meanwhile, ground cloths caught at least 22 fanilies of abore-ground arthropods that were found killed by permethrin applications. Moreover, the number of non-target arthropods killed by permethrin at concentrations of 100 - 250 ppm (27.3 - 85.3 individuals/ground cloth) were signifcantly higher than that on control trees. These results demonstrated that despite high efficacy of permethrin in controlling of cocoa mirids (Hetopeltis spp.), its application also had adverse effects on non-target arthropods incocoa plantations.
KERAGAMAN AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA CALOPHYLLUM SOULATTRI BURM. F. (CLUSIACEAE) DARI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Syahputra Edy , Prijono Djoko
Published: January 2021

Diversity of insecticide activity of Calophylum soulattri Burm. F. (Clusiaceae) originate from West Kalimantan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the bark extract of Calophyllum soulattri from West Borneo against Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae.  Extraction of the bark was performed with maceration method using ethanol and continued by acetone reextraction.  High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with C18 column (reversed-phase) and methanol-water (1:1) as the mobile phase was used to measure the amount of active components.  Bioassays were done using leaf-residual method.  The results showed that acetone bark extract of 10 sample plants of C. soulattri possessed strong lethal effect against C. pavonana larvae.  The lethal effect of the extracts did not differ from each other and the correlation with the content of active components was not significant. The sample plant no. 12 showed the highest yield of acetone extract.  Based on both the insecticidal activity and its rendement, it is concluded that the sample plant no. 12 is promising to be used as a parent plant for mass-propagation of source plants
EFFECTS OF CORN CULTIVAR-TILLAGE SYSTEM COMBINATION ON VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE
Authors: Prasetyo Joko
Published: January 2021

Pengaruh kombinasi  varietas jagung dan sistem olah tanah terhadap mikorisa vesikular arbuskular.  Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi sistem olah tanah dan varietas terhadap  populasi mikorisa vesikular arbuskular. Penelitian juga ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi varietas jagung dan sistem olah tanah terhadap infeksi mikorisa vesicular arbuskular. Penelitian terdiri atas enam perlakuan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Perlakuan tersebut adalah varietas RR yang ditanam pada sistem olah tanah konservasi  (RRCT), varietas C7 yang ditanam pada sistem olah tanah konservasi (C7CT), varietas Bisma ditanam pada sistem olah tanah konservasi (BCT), varietas RR ditanam pada sistem olah tanah sempurna (RRFT), varietas C7 yang ditanam pada sistem olah tanah sempurna (C7FT), dan varietas Bisma ditanam pada sistem olah tanah sempurna (BFT). Hasil penelitian pada sistem olah tanah konservasi  menunjukkan bahwa varietas RR dan C7 secara nyata dapat menurunkan infeksi mikorisa dibandingkan dengan varietas Bisma. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pada varietas RR dan C7, olah tanah konservasi secara nyata menurunkan infeksi mikorisa dibandingkan dengan sistem olah tanah sempurna.
HAMA BELALANG KEMBARA (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS MEYEN): FAKTA DAN ANALISIS AWAL LEDAKAN POPULASI DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Sudarsono Hamim
Published: January 2021

Migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen) :  Preliminary facts and analyzes on the population outbreaks in Lampung Province.  The migratory locust (locally known as belalang kembara), Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has become a major insect pest in Lampung in recent years since its outbreak in 1998.  Thousand hectares of agricultural fields were severely destroyed by the locust populations during the course of the outbreak.  Local as well as national government were caught in surprised by the population upsurge with little information and technology available for controlling the pest.   First presence of locust population was recorded in Kecamatan Pakuan Ratu in 1990.  Area damage in the first year was ca. 60 ha.  The population grew steadily over the years and reached its peak in April-May of 1998 when thousands of corn and rice fields were severely damaged.  Country roads and fields were filled with millions of locust nymphs.  Records of locust attacks during preliminary outbreaks from 1990 to 1998 also indicated that the insect started its outbreak from the same areas during those years, i.e. North Lampung District and northern Tulang Bawang District (two of the outmost northern of Lampung Province).  Insect pest control experts were very concerned that the locust has established its populations in the region and could cause significant loss in the upcoming years.  Control strategy and techniques based on the insect biology and population dynamics, therefore, should be explored and developed to manage future outbreaks.  This paper discusses and analyzes preliminary facts and information on the migratory locust and possible strategies that could be implemented for managing the locust.
EVALUASI LAPANG TERHADAP DAMPAK APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA ISOPROCARB PADA SERANGGA PREDATOR DAN HAMA KUTU PERISAI AULACASPIS TEGALENSIS Zhnt. (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) DI PERTANAMAN TEBU
Authors: Hasibuan Rosma
Published: January 2021

Field evaluation of isoprocarb insecticide-application-effects on predacious insects and scale pest Aulacaspis tegalensis Zhnt. (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in sugarcane plantations.  The sugarcane scale, Aulacaspis tegalensis Zehntner,  is a new  serious pest of sugarcane in Lampung Province.  Over the years, most control practices against A. tegalensis  rely on the use of chemical insecticide.  A  field  study was conducted to assess  the  impact of  isoprocarb (carbamate-insecticide) on sugarcane scale pests  and  their natural predators in sugarcane  plantation.  The results indicated  that the application of  isoprocarb  (at recommended  concentration = 1.25 mg/L) in sugarcane field failed to cause  a significant reduction on  scale pest  populations.  In contrast, the numbers of  predacious insects was significantly reduced  in isoprocarb-treated-field plots.     The  predacious insects  in association with scale pests in sugarcane fields were predominantly  coccinellids.  Four species of primary predacious coccinellids attacking scale pests were: Chilocorus melanophthalmus, Chilocorus sp.,  Scymnus sp, and Telsimia sp.  This field study indicated that the predacious species were more susceptible to isoprocarb than their prey.
KEEFEKTIFAN EKSTRAK MENGKUDU PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI RALSTONIA SP. SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Efri Efri , Nur Aeny Titik
Published: January 2021

Effectivity of  Morinda citrifolia extract on in-vitro growth inhibition of Ralstonia sp.  Morinda citrifolia has been known as one of plants having numerous medicinal properties.  Extract of the fruits shows antibacterial activity against several bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  The purpose of this study was to observe inhibitor effect of  M. citrifolia fruit extract, and to investigate the effect of different concentrations of  M. citrifolia fruit extract on in-vitro growth of  Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) sp., the causal agent of banana bacterial wilt disease in Lampung.  Inhibition effect of  M. citrifolia was determined by the presence of inhibition zone, and concentration effect was determined by the diameter of  inhibition zone . The study consisted of two experiments.  The treatments of the first experiment were three different kinds of fruit extract, namely the whole fruit, the seeds, and the fleshy parts, and the second one consisted of six different levels of extract concentrations.  The results showed that the whole fruit extract was the most effective as an in-vitro growth inhibitor, and the higher the concentration level the higher the growth inhibition zone formed.
POPULASI DAN SERANGAN LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE (BLANCHARD) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), SERTA POTENSI PARASITOIDNYA PADA PERTANAMAN KETIMUN
Authors: Herlinda Siti , Puspa Rosalina Leny , Pujiastuti Yulia , Sodikin Erizal , Rauf Aunu
Published: January 2021

Population and damage by Liriomyza sativa (Blanchard) (Diptera : Agromyzidae) and its parasitoid potential on cucumber fields. The objectives of this research were to figure out adult population of L. sativae and the damage caused by the larvae on cucumber leaves, to analyze the relationship between adult population and the number of leaf mining tunnel caused by L. sativae larvae, and to analyze the relationship betweeen the larval abundance and its parasitoids. The highest adult population (7.60 adults per trap) of L. sativae was found on 5 weeks after planting (WAP) and the lowest (3.20 adults per trap) was on 2 WAP. The highest damage intensity was found on 3 weeks after planting, amounted to 36.89% while the lowest was found on 6 weeks after planting, amounted to 12.12%. The regression coefficient showed that each adult of L. sativae caused one leaf mining tunnel. The  higher  the  number of L. sativae  larvae, the  more  the  mining tunnels occured (R = 80.8%). The higher the number of L. sativae larvae in cucumber leaves, the more the larvae parasitized (R = 86.8%). Parasitoids found were Diglyphus sp. (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae) and Neochrysocharis sp. (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae). The highest apparent parasitism was found on 5 weeks after planting, amounted to 41.9%.
KERAPATAN DAN VIABILITAS SPORA BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) AKIBAT SUBKULTUR DAN PENGAYAAN MEDIA, SERTA VIRULENSINYA TERHADAP LARVA PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LINN.)
Authors: Herlinda Siti , Darma Utama Muhamad , Pujiastuti Yulia , Suwandi Suwandi
Published: January 2021

Density and  viability of spores  of  Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. due to sub-cultures and media enriched, and  its virulence against larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linn.) This laboratory research was conducted to determine density and  viability of spores of Beauveria bassiana due to sub-cultures and media enriched, and to investigate the fungi virulence againts larvae of Plutella xylostella. B. bassiana was grown in Saborroud Dextrose Broth (SDB)  cultures enriched  with  cricket powder. The results showed  that the best sub-culture was the fourth sub-culture enriched with cricket powder, producing  6.05 x 108 spores/ml with 30.7% viability.  The highest  larval mortality was found in the second sub-culture enriched with cricket powder which was reach  78.33%.  The spore density and viability, and  virulence of B. bassiana  grown in sub-culture  without  cricket powder enrichment was consistently decreasing  from the second sub-culture to the eighth. Sub-cultures enriched with cricket powder  could increase density, viability, and virulence of  B. bassiana  in  every sub-culture. Overall, the  enrichment with  cricket powder  up to 0.5% could  increase the density, viability, and virulence of B. bassiana.
THE NORMATIVELY FIXED “CRITERIA” OF QUALIFIED LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS AND ARBITRATION PROCEDURE ARE ON THE AGENDA (IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF 16 JULY 2020 NO. 37-P)
Authors: BEKYASHEVA D.I.
Published: January 2021

The experience of creating professionally oriented legal proceedings is not new (besides, it is far from positive) for arbitration procedure, which, once again addressing this issue, required the legislator to thoroughly study, at least, that had already happened in this regard – the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. While recognizing the existence of two mutually exclusive provisions that appeared in one Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation (from 16 July 2004 No. 15-P), we still cannot but come to the sad conclusion that when establishing restrictions on judicial representatives, none of the conclusions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is so was not accounted for. At the same time, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation itself, in its own Resolution of 16 July 2020 No. 37-P, where the qualified legal assistance provided was checked (Federal Law of 28 November 2018 No. 451-FZ), states the presence of a minimum standard, which externally appears as a forecast of an alleged additional (possibly more close) attention to the set of criteria for a professional representative, but from the inside – this argument of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is just an aporia, a logically correct conclusion, which is still unable to exist in reality.
ALIENS AS INTERNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE ACTORS IN RUSSIAN AND U.S. LAW: THE ISSUE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL LITIGATION
Authors: PUCHKOV V.O.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the issue of the procedural status of various aliens (individuals and legal entities, international organizations and states) in the international civil procedure of Russia and the United States of America. The author comes to conclusion that the determination of the composition of the parties of international commercial dispute (as well as the qualification of their claims and forms of legal protection) should be determined on the basis of lex (processualis) causae, reflecting the essence of the substantive disputed relationship and the peculiarities of its qualifications from the point of view of national law. The study analyzes the features of the procedural position of specific categories of actors (individuals and legal entities, international organizations and states), as well as persons facilitating justice in international commercial disputes. The article states that the limits of foreign procedural law application to the procedural status of an alien in Russian civil proceedings is mediated by his connection with the essence of the substantive disputed relationship. Depending on the nature of such a connection, the author proposes to divide aliens as actors of international civil procedure into two groups: persons directly related to the disputed legal relationship and, therefore, subordinate lex processualis personalis (parties, third parties and their representatives) and persons, communication which with a controversial legal relationship is of an indirect nature and the procedural status of which is therefore regulated by lex fori (witnesses, experts, specialists and translators). Also, the study pays attention to the problems of jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state and conflict aspects of fraudulent joinder.