bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: case report in pediatrics with a diagnostic approach
Authors: Almeida Jáder , João Paulo
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a disease characterized by dysregulation of the immune system and may result in death. The main infectious agent associated with HLH is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to present the case of a child who developed EBV-HLH with severe state, describing the process of investigation until the diagnosis. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old boy started daily fever associated with odynophagia and increased volume of the cervical region 10 days before hospital admission. The patient’s condition evolved with febrile neutropenia and multiple organ dysfunction quickly. A large diagnostic investigation was performed, confirming hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Epstein-Barr virus. Despite treatment, the patient died of pulmonary hemorrhage. DISCUSSION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is part of the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. In some patients, diagnostic confirmation is difficult due to the absence of diagnostic criteria at the onset of the condition. In addition, the occurrence of atypical manifestations of EBV may hinder the interpretation of complementary exams. CONCLUSION: It is necessary a high level of suspicion in order to make early diagnosis and promote to increase survival of patients who develop this disease.
Finansal Esnekliğin Yatırım Ve Kâr Dağıtım Politikası Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul’da Finans Dışı Firmalar Üzerinde Bir Uygulama
Authors: SÖKER Fahrettin , CİHANGİR Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı Borsa İstanbul’da finans dışı sektörlerde faaliyette bulunan firmaların finansal esneklik durumunun belirlenmesi, finansal esnekliğin sermaye yatırımı ve kâr dağıtım politikası üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da 2005-2019 döneminde aktif olarak işlem gören 128 firmanın verileriyle panel veri analizleri yapılmış, firmaların finansal esnekliği yedek borç kapasiteleriyle belirlenmiş ayrıca finansal esneklik endeksiyle değer hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda Borsa İstanbul’da finans dışı sektörlerde faaliyette bulunan 128 firmanın yaklaşık %52’sinin en az bir dönem yedek borç kapasiteleriyle finansal esnekliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte firmaların finansal esnekliğe sahip oldukları dönemlerde yatırımlarını yedek borç kapasiteleri ile finanse ederek artırabildiği, yatırımlarını daha verimli hale getirebildiği, nakit kâr payı ödemelerini artırarak pay geri alımlarını da tercih edebildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca finansal esneklik değeri yüksek olan firmaların da yatırımlarını artırıp daha verimli hale getirebildiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yapılan analizlerle birlikte Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyette bulunan firmaların finansal esneklik durumunun belirlenmesiyle literatüre katkı sağlanmıştır.
Ayakkabı Üretim İşletmelerinin Kurumsal Yapısı ve Maliyet Muhasebesi Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Antakya Örneği
Authors: ÖZBİRECİKLİ Mehmet , KAYA Meltem
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada ülkemiz ayakkabı sektöründe yıllardır önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan Antakya’da, ayakkabı üretimi yapan işletmelerin kurumsal yapı eksiklikleri ve maliyet muhasebesi uygulamalarının araştırma konusu edilerek varsa eksiklik ve sorunlarının tespit edilmesi suretiyle söz konusu işletmelerin sürekliliklerini korumalarına yönelik öneriler sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 52 ayakkabı üretim işletmesine ulaşılmıştır. Bu işletmelerin sahip, ortak, müdür ve genel müdürleriyle yüz yüze anket uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında Sıklık (Frekans) Dağılımı, T testi, Spearman’s RHO Sıra Korelasyon ve Mann Whitney UTesti yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki işletmelerin yarısının kurumsallaşma sürecinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kurumsallaşma sürecinde olmayan aile işletmelerinde yaşanan finansal sorunlar, ülkenin ekonomik durumundaki etkilerin yanı sıra, genellikle kurumsallaşma ilkelerinin yetersizliği ve etkin bir maliyet kontrol sisteminin olmayışından kaynaklanabilmektedir.
Representasi Paradoks dan Harmoni Dalam Berkarya
Authors: Yuningsih Cucu Retno , Ghiffary Fahmy Al , Sintowoko Dyah Ayu
Published: April 2022

Abstrak. Sifat representatif tidak selalu memiliki makna yang selaras dengan konteks sebuah karya seni. Ada maksud yang dimaksudkan walaupun karya seni itu mengusung sifat yang representatif, kemungkinan kebalikan dari sifat-sifat material pada objek dalam suatu karya atau kesepakatan umum atas suatu benda atau benda sehingga menimbulkan makna-makna yang terkesan kontradiktif atau kontradiktif paradoksal. Hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi inspirasi bagi penulis dengan menggunakan media seni lukis dan gambar berusaha menyajikan makna keindahan yang bertentangan dengan makna keindahan pada umumnya saat ini melalui penyusunan komposisi harmoni melalui dunia seni. Pengambilan ide pokok representasi yang dibawa dengan konteks paradoks dan harmoni sebagai acuan dalam merancang gagasan keseluruhan konsep berkarya, memvisualisasikan karya ke dalam medium painting dan pendekatan estetika sebagai teori visualisasi karya menjadi batasan masalah penelitian ini.
Analysis of the dynamics of development and competitiveness of the Chinese gas industry
Authors: Bai Yiran , Fastovich Vladimir  Vladimirovich
Published: April 2022

The object of research of this article is the natural gas industry of China, special attention is paid to competitive strength. Michael Porter's models cover many issues of the competition problem. The authors use M. Porter's five competitive forces to analyze China's gas industry. Together, these five factors influence the attractiveness of the industry and the decisions of competitive strategies in its place. Changes in various combinations of the five forces ultimately affect changes in the potential profit of the industry. The authors reveal the space of competitive forces, the competitive environment in the gas industry of the People's Republic of China, identified the driving and restraining forces of the gas industry of the People's Republic of China. The main conclusions of the study are: the main driving force in the gas industry in China comes from buyers, the restraining force in the gas industry in China mainly comes from the main competitors of the industry. China's economic development, demand for clean energy and increasingly advanced technologies for the development and use of natural gas are driving the development of China's gas industry. The raw materials of gas in China are highly dependent on imports, the construction of the infrastructure of the gas industry is difficult and expensive, and the efficiency of the use of the built gas industry is insufficient. Identification and analysis of the driving and binding forces of the industry, and the development of countermeasures are especially important to ensure the sustainable development of the industry.
Development of the communicative competence of students of technical universities as a strategy for teaching effective communication
Authors: Dorfman Oxana , Chernova Oksana
Published: April 2022

The article is written at the junction of several branches of science, reflects one of the problems of university teaching of the Russian language in technical universities. The purpose of the study is to prove that the development of communicative competence, which is the most important task of modern education, should be carried out in the light of new requirements. The author considers the issues of formation of communicative competence of students of technical universities. It is argued that philological disciplines should be included at all levels of higher education, which contributes to the formation of a highly qualified specialist with not only professional, but also flexible skills (soft skills). The relevance of the issues of improving the level of communicative culture of students at the university is due to the requirements of the new time, the dynamics of changes in the professional industry. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is a systematic view of the competence approach in university education: communicative competence in the system of learning outcomes; in the structure of university teaching; content modules that form communicative competence; didactic conditions, forms, methods and techniques of its development. The author dwells on the consideration of the communicative competence of the CC-4, presented in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the block "communication", reviews the disciplines forming it in technical universities, identifying current teaching trends, analyzes the content of training and provides a list of effective methods and techniques for the formation of communicative competence.
Música armorial
Authors: Santos Marília
Published: April 2022

O Armorial foi um movimento, lançado em 18 de outubro de 1970, que tinha como objetivo criar uma arte autenticamente brasileira. Para isso, buscou a matéria-prima nos interiores do Nordeste do Brasil. O Movimento foi liderado pelo escritor Ariano Suassuna e composto por outros artistas e intelectuais como Francisco Brennand, Gilvan Samico, Ângelo Monteiro, Raimundo Carrero, Clóvis Pereira, Jarbas Maciel, Cussy de Almeida, Antônio Madureira e outros mais. Das artes, a música se sobressaiu, de maneira que até os dias atuais é possível encontrar trabalhos musicais com atributos armoriais. Apresentamos aqui uma discussão sobre a música armorial, desde o seu surgimento até os dias atuais, baseados nas falas e no trabalho artístico de Antonio Carlos Nóbrega, um dos ex-integrantes do Quinteto Armorial. A discussão também está fundamentada na fala de ouvintes, por nós entrevistados. Esse artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado finalizada em 2017, intitulada Ecos Armoriais: influências e repercussão da música armorial em Pernambuco.
Treatment of urolithiasis with a homoeopathic constitutional remedy: A case report
Authors: Thomas Sunil , Meena Seema Kumari , Mishra Chirag
Published: April 2022

Urolithiasis is a common complaint worldwide; its prevalence has risen considerably in the past few decades. Lifestyle changes and environmental factors are the most probable predisposing factors. Conventional management mostly comprises surgical intervention; however, the condition may recur. Homoeopathic constitutional medicine treats the patient as a whole and prevents recurrence of the symptoms. In the case report presented here, the patient was diagnosed with renal calculi based on ultrasonography reports and was successfully treated with the homoeopathic constitutional medicine (Nux vomica), which was prescribed after careful case taking, thorough analysis, evaluation and repertorisation.
THE RESTORATION OF THE EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION OF THE UKRAINIAN ORTHODOX CHURCHES IN DIASPORA WITH THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE AT THE END OF 20TH CENTURY
Authors: Smyrnov Andrii
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes two examples of restoring the canonical order in the fullness of Orthodoxy presented by Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada and Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA. In July 1990 the Sobor of the UOCC ratified an agreement with the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople that established a eucharistic union between the two churches. In 1989 UOCC made a decision to proceed with the “Articles of Agreement with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople” and to initiate the establishment of Eucharistic union. On April 1, 1990, the delegation of the UOCC officially accepted the “Articles of Agreement” in Istanbul at the Phanar – the office of the Patriarch of Constantinople, and Patriarch Demetrius II concelebrated the Liturgy with the members of the UOCC delegation. These articles of agreement were presented for and again received approval at the 1990 Sobor of the UOCC. The Sobor, also in resolution form, made it clear that “in case of any internal-administrative conflict, priority is retained by the UOCC Charter and Constitution as a distinct Church body in a separate, sovereign state”. In December 1994 the hierarchs of the UOC of USA met with the Ecumenical Patriarch in Istanbul and came to an agreement recognizing the canonicity of the Church and accepting the UOC of USA and the entire Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the Diaspora into Ecumenical Patriarchate. On March 12, 1995, the entire Ukrainian Orthodox hierarchy outside Ukraine was received into the jurisdiction of Constantinople. According to the “Points of Agreement”, the UOC of USA continue to maintain its distinct internal structure and organization and shall be considered an ecclesiastic entity under the omophorion of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The parishes of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of America were united with it.
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE UNDERGROUND INSURGENT MOVEMENT WHO CAME FROM CAMPS AND SPECIAL SETTLEMENTS (THE SECOND HALF OF 1950S – 1960S)
Authors: Trofymovych Volodymyr
Published: April 2022

After the return from camps and special settlements some former members of the underground insurgent movement have begun activities aimed at re-establishing clandestine organizations and attracting new members. They discussed the prospects for further national liberation struggle, prepared programme and organizational documents, printed and distributed leaflets and anti-Soviet materials among the young people. They closely followed anti-Communist movements in Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and encouraged Ukrainians to follow their example. Numerous facts show that the Soviet State security organs, using various methods and techniques, made great efforts to neutralize clandestine organizations and to bring their members to justice.
RESTORATION AND NORMALIZATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS OF RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURIES
Authors: Aloshyna Oksana
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the scientific article is to reveal the process of restoration and normalization of the activities of orthodox fraternities on the territory of the Right-Bank of Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – early XX ­centuries. Scientific novelty – for the first time the article analyzes the process of restoration and regulation of the orthodox fraternities on the basis of little-known archival documents, published materials and periodicals. It was found that the Russian government, in the legislative document «Basic rules for the establishment of orthodox church fraternities», defined the principles of establishment, functioning and all further activities of orthodox fraternities in the controlled territories. The difficult financial situation affected the church fraternity, due to lack of funds, were not able to fully implement the planned tasks. This led to the fact that in the late nineteenth century some fraternities ceased their activities. It is established that in connection with such circumstances, the church authorities made significant efforts to intensify and restore the activities of these organizations in the early XX century. The church leadership developed new models of statutes governing the activities of church fraternities. As a result, a number of decisions were made to intensify the multi-vector activities, to promote the establishment of new fraternities. The issues of the activity of the fraternities were repeatedly discussed at the congresses of the clergy of the western provinces of the Russian Empire, at which the priority directions of educational work were proposed.
THE POLICY OF POLAND AND ROMANIA ON THE INTERNED ARMY OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (1921–1924): UKRAINIAN FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Stopchak Mykola
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the historiographical achievements of Ukrainian foreign historians on the policy of the leadership of Poland and Romania during 1921–1924 regarding the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic interned in the camps of these countries. General scientific and special research methods were used in solving the set tasks: historiographical analysis and synthesis, generalization, quantitative, historical-comparative, etc. The conceptual approaches and techniques used by Ukrainian foreign experts to scientifically reconstruct this policy were clarified. It is shown that Ukrainian foreign historians rejected the ideologically biased conclusions of Soviet historiography regarding the policy of the Polish and Romanian leadership towards the interned Army of the UPR, preparing a number of works in which this problem was covered at a higher scientific level. It is noted that not all works covered the research problem to the same extent. A characteristic feature of these works in the interwar period was the simple statement of more or less favorable attitude of the governments of Poland and Romania to interned soldiers, emphasizing that Poles and Romanians helped the interned Army of the UPR, pursuing their own political goals. At the same time, this problem was considered by the authors of the publications not directly, but in the context of a wider palette of camp issues. The analytical component of such publications was low. It is emphasized that Ukrainian foreign historians of the postwar period departed from a simple and concise statement of well-known facts on the researched problem, at a higher analytical level analyzed the policy of Polish leaders regarding the interned Army of the UPR. However, the attitude of the Romanian authorities towards interned Ukrainian soldiers generally fell out of sight of Ukrainian foreign researchers of the postwar period. A general conclusion is made that in the works of Ukrainian foreign historians the policy of Polish and Romanian government circles regarding the interned Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic on their territory was not considered a complete scientific problem. As a rule, the desire of the politicians of these countries to use the military potential of the Ukrainian army to solve their own problems in relations with Soviet Russia was stated, but without a sufficient analysis of the circumstances that determined the direction of such a policy. In addition, the analysis of the research topic showed a clear bias towards the coverage of the policy of the Polish leadership towards Ukrainian soldiers interned on its territory. Romania's position on this issue was covered only in isolated works, which significantly impoverished the historiography of the problem as a whole.
PRIMARY SOURCES IN DISPLACED PERSONS HISTORY AT DEPARTMENT OF MANUSCRIPTS OF VASYL STEFANYK LVIV NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kravets Danylo
Published: April 2022

The goal of the paper is to characterize materials from Department of manuscripts of Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine dedicated to the history of Ukrainian displaced persons after World War II. Source criticism going to be the main methodological aspects of the presented research. The research on post-war displaced persons is quite popular in both Ukrainian and foreign historiography and that is why the paper will add some new information to this topic. Among domestic researchers of this problem it is worth noting the monograph by O. Podobed, which studies the cultural life of Ukrainians in DP camps. N. Sydorenko is engaged in the study of the camp press. Lviv researcher L. Holovata also pays attention to this issue in her articles. The activities of the Soviet repatriation commission are closely connected with the history of Ukrainians in the camps of postwar Europe. L. Khromeichuk and A. Andreev published papers dedicated to the USSR’s attempts to «bring» its citizens home. About a dozen of Ukrainian archival institutions store primary sources to the history of Ukrainian DP camps. And now the Department of manuscripts of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine can be added to that list. The topics dedicated to the history of Ukrainian DPs are still incomplete in historiography and revealing of a new archives and documents will do much help for future researches. Conclusion. Most of the materials for studying the history of Ukrainian DPs are stored in the personal archive of Mykhaylo Demkovych-Dobryansky (Fond # 298). Documents related to the movement of the fundraiser to the United Kingdom from the DP camp are available for researchers. Also within the fond #298 are collection materials of Stepan Baran who took an active part in a life of Ukrainian DP camps. Other materials could be found in the personal poet Canadian journalist A. Bedriy and 1917‒1921 Ukrainian revolution military activist I. Hnoyovyi.
Efektivitas Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perdesaan (PNPM MPD) Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Safri Indra , Indra
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran dan penjelasan tentang pelaksanaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode Kualitatif yang berhubungan dengan ide, persepsi, pendapat, kepercayaan orang yang akan diteliti dan kesemuanya tidak dapat di ukur dengan angka.  Penelitian ini menggunakan data Primer dan Sekunder yang diperoleh melalui kuisioner dan proses wawancara. Populasi penelitian ini adalah fasilitator yang bekerja pada Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Pembangunan Desa Provinsi Riau yang berjumlah 48 orang. Sedangkan sampel ditentukan secara sensus, karena jumlah populasi yang ada relatif sedikit, analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan pelaksanaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. PNPM Mandiri ialah program nasioanl dalam wujud kerangka kebijakan sebagai dasar dan acuan pelaksanaan program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan dan penciptaan lapangan kerja yang berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat. PNPM Mandiri dilaksanakan melalui harmonisasi dan pengembangan sistem serta mekanisme dan prosedur program, penyediaan pendamping, dan pendanaan stimulan untuk mendorong prakarsa dan inovasi masyarakat dalam upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dari indikator perencanaan program pemberdayaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di Kecamatan Tambang dalam proses perencanaannya memiliki kendala banyaknya ketidakhadiran warga dalam proses musyawarah untuk membahas kebutuhan dan prioritas pembangunan di desa, sementara sisi pelaksanaan keterlibatan masyarakat cukup tinggi dalam hal pelaksanaan kegiatan non fisik dibidang ekonomi melalui keterlibatan masyarakat baik dari segi kesediaan masyarakat meluangkan waktu dan tenaga serta kesediaan masyarakat dalam menyediakan bahan/materi yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan UEP dan SPP, dan dari indikator pemeliharaan program pemberdayaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di Kecamatan Tambang masyarakat  terlihat aktif dalam memelihara, menjaga, merawat dari apa yang telah dilakukan atau dilaksanakan, baik dalam memilihara segala prasarana dan sarana, serta kesadaran masyarakat dalam melunasi dana simpan pinjam dari program SPP yang ada secara kontinyu. PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan pada hakekatnya diarahkan untuk meningkatkan akses hidup sejahtera bagi individu, keluarga dan kelompok masyarakat terhadap sumber daya untuk melakukan proses produksi dan kesempatan berusaha.
Fungsi Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kelurahan Dalam Menampung Dan Mewujudkan Aspirasi Masyarakat Pada Bidang Pembangunan Di Kelurahan Bangsal Aceh Kecamatan Sungai Sembilan Kota Dumai
Authors: Ali Zaini , Juli Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Fungsi LPMK di Kelurahan Bangsal Aceh Kecamatan Sungai Sembilan Kota Dumai masih tetap  berjalan walaupun belum sepenuhnya berjalan sesuai dengan amanat Perda Kota Dumai nomor; 04 tahun 2007, untuk itu keberadaan LPMK di Kelurahan Bangsal Aceh dalam memerankan fungsinya adalah untuk menciptakan pelaksanaan fungsi LPMK yang optimal, maka LPMK Bangsal Aceh harus terlebih dahulu dapat memantapkan dan memaksimalkan peran dan kedudukan LPMK yaitu sebagai mitra pemerintahan kelurahan dalam menampung dan mewujudkan aspirasi serta kebutuhan masyarakat di bidang pembangunan. Agar pelaksanaan kegiatan pembangunan bisa berjalan lebih optimal dan menyeluruh di wilayah kelurahan Bangsal aceh maka LPMK dituntut untuk lebih memberdayakan fungsi dalam kendala yang dihadapi  sesuai dengan amanat Perda Kota Dumai nomor 04 tahun 2007, tentang Lembaga kemasyarakatan dikelurahan,  dan tentunya harus saling  berkoordinasi dengan pihak Pemerintahan Kelurahan dan masyarakatnya. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif yang bermaksud sebagai jenis penelitian yang temuan-temuannya tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitungan lainnya. Kami menilai kurang seriusnya pihak LPMK menaggapi permaslahan ini, karena untuk sama-sama kita ketahui bahwa Ketua LPMK juga sebagai ketua Mesjid dalam artian ada dua tugas yang diemban oleh pak Amin, hal ini tentu akan menyita banyaak waktu ditambah lagi hubungan kerja intern LPMK kurang berjalan dengan baik. Jadi harapan saya LPMK harus dinakhodai oleh orang yang berkomitmen tinggi terhadap lembaga yang dipimpinnya tidak bisa setengah komitmen, kalau mau LPMK ini tetap eksis ’’
Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Provinsi Riau Terhadap Peningkatan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Di Unit Pelayanan Pekanbaru Barat
Authors: Haryadi Haryadi , Yogya Moris Adidi
Published: April 2022

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan dan kemudian dibangun pula berbagai daerah otonom melalui pasal 18. Pembentukan daerah otonom melalui desentralisasi pada hakikatnya adalah menciptakan efisiensi dan inovasi dalam pemerintahan. Dalam rangka desentralisasi itulah maka daerah-daerah diberi otonomi, yaitu untuk mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri. Dalam rangka penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah, penyerahan, pelimpahan dan penugasan urusan pemerintahan kepada daerah secara nyata dan bertanggungjawab harus diikuti dengan pengaturan, pembagian, dan pemanfaatan sumber daya nasional secara adil, termasuk pertimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah dan pemerintahan daerah. Sebagai daerah otonom penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelayanan tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip tranparansi, partisipasi dan akuntabilitas. Berdasarkan penelitian ini maka diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan seperti berikut ini:1) Jumlah kendaraan di Provinsi Riau mengalami peningkatan yang cukup tajam dengan rata-rata laju pertumbuhan selama periode 2010-2014 adalah sekitar 26.195 unit mobil pertahun dan sekitar 92,912 unit sepeda motor pertahun. Kontribusi PKB terhadap PAD Provinsi Riau pada rentang tahun 2010- 2014 cukup tinggi dimana pada tahun 2010 sebesar 27%, kemudian mengalami trend penurunan pada pada tahun 2011 sebesar 25%. Selanjutnya pengaruh dari PKB mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2012 yaitu sebesar 31%, namun menurun kembali pada tahun 2013 sebesar 29%, dan pada tahun 2014 sebesar 32% yang berarti mengalami peningkatan pada tahun sebelumnya. 2) Selama periode 2010-2014 terdapat sekitar 219.276 sampai dengan 309.215 unit kendaraan bermotor pertahun yang tidak membayar PKB. Pajak yang diperkirakan tidak terpungut berkisar antara sekitar 123 Miliar rupiah sampai dengan 222 Miliar rupiah, dalam kurun waktu 2010 sampai dengan 2014. Selanjutnya saran dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebagai berikut :1) Diperlukan usaha yang sangat sistematis bagi Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Riau untuk meningkatkan efektifitas penarikan PKB sehingga potensi pajak yang dimiliki dapat dimaksimalkan kemanfaatannya, serta 2) Perlu adanya perbaikan sistem sehingga dapat menjangkau setiap lapisan masyarakat dalam membayar pajak kendaraannya, yang menjadikan penerimaan PAD dari sektor pajakan kendaraan bermotor akan maksimum, dengan mengoptimalkan samsat keliling serta penambahan UPT - UP diseluruh Provinsi Riau.
Integrated Process Development: The Key to Future Production of Chemicals
Authors: Heinzle Elmar , Hungerbühler Konrad
Published: April 2022

Commercially successful chemical manufacturing needs to take into account stringent environmental and safety constraints already in the early stages of process development. All these necessary criteria have to be considered simultaneously. Information must be exchanged between all stages
of development. Development has to be made in parallel. Economic, environmental, and safety criteria have to be considered broadly with respect to time and space. Some research examples of the 'Safety and Enviromental Protection in Chemistry Group' of ETH are briefly sketched.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Chemical Production Processes: A Tool for Ecological Optimization
Authors: Bretz Rolf , Fankhauser Peter
Published: April 2022

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) has gained in recent years widespread acceptance as an environmental management tool to assess and valuate the environmental impacts (resource consumption and emissions to nature) of products and processes, covering the whole life cycle from cradle (extraction
of raw material) to grave (final disposal). Applied to chemical manufacturing, LCA allows to compare the ecological performance of synthesis processes, guide process developers to weak points and improvement options, and avoid suboptimizations. In our Consumer Care Chemicals Division, we apply
LCA routinely to sales products as well as manufacturing-process chains, and we developed a specialized LCA computer system ECOSYS for that purpose. Material flow, energy, and waste data for all in-house manufacturing processes are extracted from our company data bases into ECOSYS. For meaningful
comparisons of whole life cycles, we must include LCA results for the raw materials bought from other suppliers, and since such data are rarely available, appropriate estimation procedures were developed. The multitude of ecological burdens calculated over the life cycle can be judged and
compared by a variety of valuation schemes, e.g. according to the Swiss BUW AL or the modern Eco-indicator 95 method. ECOSYS is not restricted to existing, operational processes, but allows the process developer to test his hypothetical designs (e.g. derived from a simulation
tool) at a very early stage. If process alternatives use different raw materials, a narrow judgement on data for the process step alone may lead to suboptimization, whereas LCA results that consider all preceding syntheses of intermediates allow a more objective comparison. As an example,
two synthesis paths for DNS (4,4?-dinitro-2,2?-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt) were compared: The older, established route uses NaOCI in aqueous media as an oxidant, whereas the method more recently introduced in one of our production plants is based on air oxidation in
liquid ammonia. The latter produces considerably less waste and is favorable with respect to many ecological parameters, including energy consumption, over the whole life cycle.
Von der Alchimie zu modernen Werk- und Effektstoffen
Authors: Mülhaupt Rolf
Published: April 2022

Chemistry has emerged from the dark ages of alchemistry as modern science which is claiming a major part in securing our high quality of life and promoting development of future technologies, ranging from aerospace and automotive industries to microelectronics and biomedical applications.
This remarkable progress is highlighted by selected advances, e.g., Berthold Schwarz and his black powder development, Justus Liebig's fertilizers, and finally Hermann Staudinger's concept of modern macromolecular chemistry with far-reaching consequences for the
development of man-made fibers, rubbers, and plastics. Today research is aimed at the development of 'smart materials' which are capable of changing properties, e.g., viscosity of dispersions, as a function of sensor signal intensity.
Synthesis of Non-proteinogenic Amino-Acid Methyl Esters with Acid-Sensitive Side Chains from a Chiral Glycine Derivative
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias , Seebach Dieter
Published: April 2022

A superior chiral glycine derivative 1 (tert-butyl 2-(tert-butyl)-4-methoxy-2,5-dihydro-1,3-imidazole-1-carboxylate, BDI) for the synthesis of acid-sensitive and highly hindered α-amino-acid methyl esters is readily available by resolution methods. The heterocycle 1 is alkylated once and twice in the 5-position with very high diastereoselectivity, and the resulting products (2, 3) are hydrolyzed under very mild conditions to give methyl esters of the corresponding amino acids (6–10).
NIR-to-VIS Upconversion of Er³⁺ in Host Materials with Low-Energy Phonons
Authors: Riedener Toni , Güdel Hans U.
Published: April 2022

Intense NIR-to-VIS upconversion luminescence is observed in Er3+-doped heavier halide host materials such as chlorides and bromides. The multiphonon relaxation rate is found to be a crucial factor in the chemical tuning of the excited-state properties.
Attribution of Water-Exchange Mechanisms of Transition-Metal Hexaaqua Ions Using Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Rotzinger François P.
Published: April 2022

The mechanism for the water-exchange reaction with the transition-metal aqua ions from ScIII through ZnII has been investigated. The exchange mechanisms are analyzed on a model that involves the metal ion with six or seven water molecules. The structures of the reactants/products, transition states, and penta- or heptacoordinated intermediates have been computed with Hartree-Fock or CAS-SCF methods. Each type of mechanism, associative, concerted, or dissociative, proceeds via a characteristic transition state. The calculated activation energies agree with the experimental ΔG‡298 or ΔH‡298 values, and the computed structural changes indicate whether an expansion or compression takes place during the transformation of the reactant into the transition state. These changes are in perfect agreement with the changes deduced from the experimental volumes of activation. The dissociative mechanism is always feasible, but it is the only possible pathway for high-spin d8, d9, and d10 systems. In contrast, the associative mechanism requires that the transition-metal ion does not have more than seven 3d electrons. Thus, ScIII, TiIII, and VIII react via the A, NiII, CuII, and ZnII via the D (or Id) mechanism, whereas all pathways are feasible for the elements in the middle of the periodic table.
Находка бонацциита и алакранита в возгонах природного подземного угольного пожара в урочище Кухи-Малик, Таджикистан
Authors: Карпенко В.Ю. , Паутов Л.А. , Мираков М.А. , Сийдра О.Й. , Махмадшариф С. , Шодибеков М.А. , Плечов П.Ю.
Published: April 2022

бонацциит, алакранит, ральгар, сульфиды мышьяка, псевдофумаролы, угольный пожар, возгоны, Таджикистан, Фан-Ягнобское месторождение, Кухи-Малик

Two rare minerals were found in the sublimates of a natural coal fire at the Fan-Yagnob coal deposit (Tajikistan) – bonazzite As4S4 and alacranite As8S9. Bonazzite occurs as orange, orange-red rhombic tapered crystals, both skeletal, block, and full-faceted, from 0.1 to 1.5 mm in size. Bonazziite grows on realgar crystals or on a matrix, composed of amorphous As2S3. The association contains sal-ammoniac and ermakovite (NH4)(As2O3)2Br; crystals of the latter also grows on bonazziite. In transmitted light in thin sections, bonazzite is yellowish-brown, biaxial (+). Dispersion is strong, v > r. 2Vmeas. = + 60(5)°. Refractive indices are significantly higher than n = 2.05. In reflected light, it is gray with intense internal reflections ranging from yellow-green to red. Digests in 5M KOH, producing brown colored spots. The unit cell parameters from X-ray powder data are as follows: a9.972(5), b 9.435(3), c 8.870(6) Å, β 102.25(4) º, V 815(1) Å3. The X-ray ratio b : c= 1.063, morphological ratio (if to assign the symbol {111} to the most developed face) from the results of goniometric measurements from 0.817 to 0.870. Indicing of this facet, applying X-ray cell parameters leads to irrational symbols.Bonazziite crystals are assumed to be paramorphoses on a related phase with some different cell parameters. Measured density (g/cm3) 3.57(1), calculated 3.52. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe using EDS (12 points), As 69.01, S 29.86, Se 0.47, total 99.34 wt.%. The empirical formula is As4.01S3.96Se0.02. Adjacent realgar does not contain Se at the sensitivity level of the microprobe analysis. Powdery yellow As-sulfide sometimes develops on realgar, it also grows as rhombic brittle crystals, similar to those of bonazzite. X-ray powder data shows, it is close to alacranite with cell parameters a 9.90(5), b 9.58(5), c 9.11(5) Å, β 101.6(6) º, V 847(5) Å3.The growth of bonazzite could have been originated by a local increase in temperature (but no more than up to 320 °C – the upper temperature limit of stability of the realgar) and/or Se occurence in the gas precipitates, which played the role of a stabilizing impurity that caused the growth of bonazzite on the realgar. A local change in the thermal regime probably led to the appearance of related alacranite.
Formation of Keteniminium Salts: Mechanistic Aspects and Substituent Effects
Authors: Aktas Zeynep , Tanriver Gamze , Quinodoz Pierre , Dagoneau Dylan , Kolleth Amandine , Lumbroso Alexandre , Sulzer-Mossé Sarah , De Mesmaeker Alain , Catak Saron
Published: April 2022

Keteniminium salts (KIs) are versatile intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Elucidation of the mechanistic aspects of KI formation reactions facilitates the design of KI intermediates that give access to complex compounds. In this study, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of KI formation, various mechanisms were investigated using a density functional theory approach. Particularly, Ghosez’s KI formation mechanism, by activation of an amide with triflic anhydride, was extensively elaborated, since this procedure occurs under mild conditions and is, by far, the most frequently used method. Moreover, a broad range of substituents was examined to give insight on their potential contributions to the ease of formation of KIs. The effect of substituents on the reactivity of the corresponding starting amides was inspected by means of energetics, population analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and reactivity descriptors. Computed data shows that electron donating groups lower the activation barrier by increasing the electron density of the amide carbonyl oxygen. Additionally, distortion/interaction model also confirmed the energetic outcomes. In addition, investigation of KI reactivity using FMO, and reactivity descriptors displayed that KI reactivity is inversely correlated with amide reactivity. Lastly, experimental outcomes are in line with computational predictions. We suggest that the reactivity of the amide has a crucial impact on the ease of KI formation and the reactivity of the corresponding KIs. This study gives pivotal insights into mechanistic aspects of KI formation and the role of the substituents.
Chiral Posttranslational Modification to Lysine epsilon-Amino Groups
Authors: Moreno–Yruela Carlos , Bæk Michael , Monda Fabrizio , Olsen Christian Adam
Published: April 2022

The sophistication of proteomic analysis has revealed that protein lysine residues are posttranslationally modified by a variety of acyl groups. Protein lysine acetylation regulates metabolism, gene expression, and microtubule formation and has been extensively studied; however, the understanding of the biological significance of other acyl posttranslational modifications (PTMs) is still in its infancy. The acylation of lysine residues is either mediated by acyltransferase ‘writer’ enzymes or through non-enzymatic mechanisms and hydrolase enzymes, termed ‘erasers’, cleave various acyl PTMs to reverse the modified state. We have studied the human lysine deacylase enzymes, comprising the 11 Zn2+-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the 7 NAD+-consuming sirtuins (SIRTs), over the last decade. We have thus developed selective inhibitors and molecular probes as well as studied the acyl substrate scope of each enzyme using chemically synthesized peptide substrates and photo-crosslinking probes. Recently, we have turned our attention to lysine PTMs containing a stereogenic center, such as -N--hydroxybutyryllysine (Kbhb) and -N-lactyllysine (Kla), that each comprise a pair of mirror image stereoisomers. Both modifications are found on histones, where they affect gene transcription in response to specific metabolic states, and they are found on cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation (Kbhb) and glycolysis (Kla), respectively. Thus, chiral modifications to lysine side chains give rise to two distinct diastereomeric products, with separate metabolic origins and potentially different activities exhibited by writer and eraser enzymes. Lysine L-lactylation derives from L-lactate, a major energy carrier produced from pyruvate after glycolysis, and it is highly induced by metabolic states such as the Warburg effect. L-Lactate can possibly be activated by acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases and transferred to lysine residues by histone acetyltransferases such as p300. D-Lactylation, on the other hand, arises primarily from a non-enzymatic reaction with D-lactylglutathione, an intermediate in the glyoxalase pathway. In addition to their distinct origin, we found that both K(L-la) and K(D-la) modifications are erased by HDACs with different catalytic efficiencies. Also, K(L-bhb) and K(D-bhb) arise from different metabolites but depend on interconnected metabolic pathways, while the two stereoisomers of -N-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryllysine (Khmg) derive from a single precursor that may then be regulated differently by eraser enzymes. Distinguishing between the individual stereoisomers of PTMs is therefore of crucial importance. In the present Account, we will (1) revisit the long-standing evidence for distinct production and dynamics of enantiomeric forms of chiral metabolites that serve as epsilon-N-acyllysine PTMs and (2) highlight the outstanding questions that arise from the recent literature on chiral lysine PTMs resulting from these metabolites.
Digital chromatography: separating amino acids into spatially discrete containers
Authors: Sampath G
Published: April 2022

Separation of amino acids (AAs) in a mixture has been conventionally done with chromatography or electrophoresis; separation usually occurs over some continuous space. The present communication proposes a digital method with a 20-stage pipeline for separating (and counting) single AA molecules in a mixture, with each of the 20 proteinogenic AAs ending up in its own discrete and spatially distinct container. Presently the method is designed for samples with a few molecules on up to the atto-mole level and can be used with samples collected from single cells. It is based on the superspecificity property of transfer RNAs (tRNAs): an AA can bind only with a cognate tRNA and not with any other; the binding error rate is about 1 in 350. Four necessary conditions for accurate separation are noted; it is shown informally that they can be satisfied. The method can also be used for peptide sequencing by feeding terminal residues cleaved from a peptide into the first stage of the pipeline.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraception in Rural Area of Vidarbha
Authors: Asawari Deo  , Deepti Shrivastava  , Sonali Chauhan
Published: April 2022

Knowledge of use of contraceptives is necessary to prevent unwanted pregnancies and for optimal spacing, especially when it comes to rural populace. It is essential to create awareness and educate them regarding the proper usage of contraceptives and facilitate their usage. Family planning has two main objectives; firstly, to have only the desired number of children and secondly, proper spacing of pregnancies. India has undergone fertility transition and important feature of this transition is the fact that contraceptive use has spread to even uneducated women. Family planning is widely discussed topic on the national stage, with lot of government machinery to help implement it, yet there exist lot of disparity in its execution. In our study, the knowledge of contraception was upto 60%, while its acceptance was seen in 50% of the population, knowledge of contraceptives was very much likened to the level of education the populace has received as well as due to efforts of mother and child health and family planning services in the rural area, lack of use contraceptives was mainly attributed to fear of side-effects, which were mainly due to hearsay. Our study highlights the fact that even though our study was based in rural area, it involved women belonging to all stratas of society, and women had more predilection towards temporary methods of contraception rather than going for permanent contraception. It is concluded from the present study that 60% women had knowledge and were aware of the contraceptives but lacking information about their availability at health care centers.
The Effect of the Administration of Salam Leaf Ethanol Extract on IL-6 and IL-4 on Benzene-Induced Brain Networks of Rats
Authors: Murni Syahyati Gultom  , Chrismis Novalinda Ginting  , Linda Chiuman  , Steven Theo
Published: April 2022

Benzene is poisonous to the human body and has been linked to neuro-toxic and neurodegenerative illnesses. Bay leaf is extremely safe to consume because it has been shown in experimental animals to have no toxic, teratogenic, or genotoxic effects and to have a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuroprotective impact of an ethanolic extract of bay leaf on rats exposed to benzene. The study was divided into 11 groups: group 1 was assigned to a control condition, groups 2 and 3 were assigned to negative controls, groups 4 and 5 were assigned to positive controls, and groups 6-11 were assigned to receive an ethanol extract of bay leaf. For 21 days, benzene was injected intraperitoneally every three and six days and the extract was delivered orally. On day 22, rats were sedated and their brains were collected and examined for IL-4 and IL-6 levels using an Elisa kit and a 450 nm microplate reader. The results indicated that the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 increased statistically substantially in rats given just benzene (p0.05), whereas they decreased in animals given the highest extract, 800 mg/kg BW. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were not statistically significantly different from those in the normal group (p>0.05). Thus, it can be inferred that the ethanolic extract of bay leaves has a neuroprotective effect due to the presence of flavonoids that contribute to the prevention of inflammation caused by benzene exposure.
Need for Moving to the VBI based Paradigm of Governance of Islamic Finance Institutions
Authors:   The Editor, Journal of Islamic Business and Management, Ayub Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The vulnerable global financial market conditions both in developed and developing economies provide an opportunity to Islamic banking and finance institutions to come with real and long-term solutions as envisaged in the theory of Islamic economics and finance. Islamic finance that has a natural link with social and responsible finance is founded on shared values and the intended outcomes of Shar¯ı‘ah for value creation and the prevention of harm to individuals and societies. This editorial article is to draw the attention of the regulators of the IBFIs, particularly in countries like Pakistan, to adopt the emerging paradigm and ecosystem comprising sustainability and value-based governance, awareness, and corporate social responsibility. It suggests a new governance paradigm aiming at adopting different strategies for the objectives, Shar¯ı‘ah advisory, capacity building, sustainability factors like ESG, and availing the opportunity of developing Islamic finance according to its value proposition. That way, it could play an effective role in ending extreme poverty, improving the health of the community, and welfare of human society at large. It requires a paradigm change in the governance regime. Besides making a positive contribution to realize the SDGs, it will help the IBFIs in achieving the high purposes of Shar¯ı‘ah.