bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Technologies and Tools to Support Hierarchical Research for Justification of Strategic Decisions on Energy Development
Authors: L. Massel , N. Pyatkova , A. Massel
Published: November 2024

The paper is concerned with a general scheme of hierarchical studies aimed at substantiating the energy development. It also considers an approach to integrating the software, information support and intelligent information technologies required for research. The concept of knowledge management is proposed for the semantic integration of data, knowledge and software components. It can also be used as a methodological, fractal approach to knowledge structuring. In addition to a two-level research technology, which integrates semantic and mathematical modeling, and intelligent IT-environment supporting them, including semantic modeling tools and the ability to integrate with traditional software systems, we consider the concepts and content of semantic modeling. The architecture of a multi-agent intelligent environment (MAIE) is proposed as the development of the IT-environment. It integrates the levels of information analysis (semantic modeling), development and substantiation of decisions (using mathematical modeling), and representation of the proposed decisions. We demonstrate the proposed methodological multi-agent approach to MAIE development the main components (agents) of MAIE and their scientific prototypes developed under the guidance of the authors are defined.
Cost Analysis of an Optimized Hybrid Energy System for a Remote Area in St. John’s, NL
Authors: H.T. Hossain , S.Al. Faiyaz , A.H. Mridul , M.A. Hossain , K.J. Ahmed
Published: November 2024

In the current energy field scenario, hybrid energy, combining both conventional and non-conventional energy, plays a significant role. With the development of technology, this new energy category has gained popularity due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, especially in remote places where the primary grid is located far away. This research puts forth an optimum design of a PV-diesel hybrid energy system for analysis of a remote off-grid power system in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) software. The study involves connecting a diesel generator and a PV solar panel to the bus. To ensure uninterrupted load distribution, batteries are combined as storage. A technical and economic study of the hybrid energy system is conducted by simulation through HOMER. The levelized energy cost is expected to be lower under the proposed arrangement.
The Influence of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on the Quality of Power Supply to the Consumer in Novosibirsk 10/0.4 KV Electrical Networks
Authors: T.V. Myatezh , V.Ya. Lyubchenko , O.S. Atamanova , S.A. Yurkov , E.A. Mogilenko
Published: November 2024

Currently, there is a massive use of electric vehicles in the world. This is due to the ever-increasing importance and severity of the environmental safety issue. Now, there is no more convenient, affordable, popular and at the same time less harmful alternative to road transport. The annual global emissions are more than 25 million tons of pollutants of various origins, which are extremely dangerous for nature in general. On average, they increase by 3% every year. The transport sector accounts for 23% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the world. Electric vehicles can contribute enormously to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In 2025, sales of electric vehicles are expected to increase to 100 000 units. By 2030, the number of electric vehicles will reach 1.5 million units. However, widespread adoption of electric vehicles will cause an increase in electricity consumption. In addition, an appropriate charging infrastructure is required to power electric vehicles. It is worth noting that the market for electric vehicles and charging stations is developing dynamically with an annual growth rate up to 80%. The main barriers to the development of electric vehicles in Russia are their high cost and underdeveloped network of charging stations. The relevance of the problem is confirmed by an order signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin in March 2022 to allocate about 1.37 billion rubles for the creation of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Russia. As for incentives, there are many of them. This is the need to solve the environmental problem in large cities, achieve the goal of reducing CO2 emissions and pursue industrial policy, including the policy of innovative development of the country. Another way of increasing the payback of charging stations is the employment of smart services, which can reduce the cost of technological connection through dynamic power distribution between the main facility and the charging station. There are other, more advanced solutions, which are currently being piloted, such as optimization of investment in network infrastructure, including an operator of a regional public charging infrastructure. This study focuses on the development of a power supply system to connect an electric vehicle charging station to a substation in Novosibirsk. The connected electric vehicle charger, being a non-linear load, can not only increase the load on the power grid infrastructure, but also cause a deterioration in the power quality due to the generation of harmonic distortions. Therefore, special attention is paid to the analysis of the power supply quality during the operation of the charging station by using the model developed in the MATLAB Simulink software for the analysis of harmonics.
An Approach to Determining Techno-Economic Characteristics of Aggregated Gas Systems
Authors: Zh.V. Kalinina , T.V. Dzyubina , N.I. Ilkevich
Published: November 2024

The unified gas system of the Russian Federation is a complex, multi-line system that encompasses a host of components and connections. It is virtually impossible to create an exact model that adequately describes all its facilities, hence the need for and relevance of the development of methods for aggregating gas systems. The aggregation of such systems can be conventionally divided into two strands: the aggregation of calculated schemes and the aggregation of techno-economic characteristics of their facilities. This study aims to develop methods for determining the aggregated techno-economic characteristics of the gas system facilities. Methodological approaches to aggregating techno-economic characteristics of gas systems and their facilities were analyzed for both Russia and abroad. The procedure of aggregating the calculated gas scheme is given briefly. The study relies on the methods of graph theory, the method of spreading gas costs and losses between source nodes and arcs of aggregated graph; and the method of determining optimal techno-economic indicators for new gas mains and fields (a combinatorial optimization method based on the maximum net present value, given the payback period of new facilities). The proposed approach to aggregating techno-economic characteristics of gas system facilities was employed to create an information base for multi-level modeling of the development of Russia’s gas systems and make calculations for the Unified gas system expansion until 2030.
A Methodology for Performance and Reliability Analysis of Prosumers’ Local Heat Sources in District Heating System
Authors: V.A. Stennikov , I.V. Postnikov , A.V. Penkovskii
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on two problems addressed in the studies on the prosumer in district heating systems. The first problem is associated with load distribution in the district heating systems with prosumers. The research proposes a bi-level model for solving this problem to determine an optimal balance between the load of district heat sources and prosumer-owned heat sources. The second problem concerns the reliability of heating for consumers to be provided through the optimal distribution of reliability parameters among components of the system, given the capabilities of the prosumer to supply part of load by their heat sources. The methods and models are proposed to solve this problem. They are based on the theory of random processes, theory of hydraulic circuits, and basic laws of cogeneration. The case study results obtained using the developed methodology demonstrate a potential economic benefit and reliability effect of involving the prosumer in heat supply. The conclusions and directions for further research are formulated.
Comparative Analysis of Optimal PMU Placement Methods for State Estimation and Stability Margin Monitoring of Azerbaijan's Power System
Authors: N.A. Yusifbayli , V.Kh. Nasibov , K.A. Suleymanov
Published: November 2024

To solve the problem of optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs), we compare a method of integer linear programming and a method based on estimating the rate of change in operating parameters under heavy load conditions and disturbances. The former method solves the problem of optimal PMU placement in Azerbaijan's power system with respect to the criterion of full observability. The latter one investigates the rate of change in relative angles of synchronous generators under major disturbances and the rate of change in voltage and its phase in essential cutsets under increased load. The highest rates of change in operating parameters reveal weak nodes where PMUs should be installed.
Feasibility Study and Design of Smart Low-Energy Building Electrical ‎Installations (Case Study: Isfahan University, Virtual Faculty Building)
Authors: M. Parhamfar , S. Shojaeian , Z. Bandegani
Published: November 2024

Buildings, particularly office buildings, are major energy consumers and sources of CO2 ‎emissions, contributing to around one-third of global energy consumption. As a result, energy ‎consumption optimization regulations and the deployment of renewable energy technology in the ‎construction sector has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon ‎emissions. This paper describes a comprehensive study on the technical feasibility and design of ‎the electrical equipment of the Isfahan University virtual faculty building project in accordance ‎with Iran's standards and guidelines of low-energy buildings (mostly chapter 19 of the Iranian ‎National Building Regulations). In this case study, relevant designs and calculations were presented in order to accomplish the ‎low-energy construction goals for various portions of the project. The photovoltaic system on the ‎roof provides a part of the building's energy, and the KNX protocol was used to operate the ‎lighting management system, the cooling and heating systems, and to enable intelligent ‎energy management. As a result, the consumption of the lighting system using high-efficiency ‎LED panels is less than 11 W/m2. In order to ensure safety requirements, the main bonding system ‎and ground electrode were designed in accordance with the site characteristics and standard ‎criteria. Low-loss transformers are utilized to power the facility, and a soft starter, a multi-speed ‎control, and a start-up system are used in the utility room. To achieve a minimum power factor ‎of 0.94, a capacitor bank equipped with detuned reactors is employed for reactive power ‎compensation. This paper focuses on the details of this design and the resulting ‎experiences‎.
A Novel Technique for Technical and Non-Technical Power Loss Control and Monitoring in Power Distribution Systems as Based on the Data from the Automated System for Electricity Revenue Metering
Authors: T.T. Omorov , B.K. Takyrbashev , T.Zh. Koibagarov , R.Ch. Osmonova , Zh.S. Imanakunova , T.O. Zhanybaev , A.T. Asiev
Published: November 2024

Uncontrolled power losses caused by electricity thefts in power distribution systems (PDSs) have a detrimental impact on technical and economic performance of these systems. Modern automated systems for electricity revenue metering (ASERMs), which are nowadays widely used for automation and computerization of processes in PDSs, lack digital technologies for separate estimation and monitoring of technical and non-technical power losses. The paper proposes a novel technique and an algorithm for its implementation based on the data obtained from electricity meters that are part of the ASERM structure. In order to ensure the solvability of the identification problem, we introduce the concept of a virtual network model representing the desired state of the PDS in the absence of ETs. The model serves as the basis for deriving algebraic equations. Such equations allow identifying technical and non-technical power losses in three-phase networks. Our research findings aim at further improvement of modern ASERMs and enhancement of their performance and reliability.
Impact of Integrated Renewable Energy Sources with Variable Power Output in Terms of Constrained Voltage Stability Limit
Authors: N.R. Rakhmanov , H.B. Guliev , N.V. Tomin , A.F. Yagubov , N.R. Husseynov
Published: November 2024

The paper is concerned with the development of a methodology for estimating the amount of balancing power in a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. To this end, it is crucial to analyze the influence of growing installed capacity of wind farms on the value of the balancing power of the energy system and random characteristics of its variability for various numbers of wind farms operating in the system. The possibilities of balancing power distribution are considered for characteristic critical load conditions of the system. The operating conditions of a real-world power system are simulated using wind speed measurement data obtained for the geographical locations of wind farms. The simulation is performed on a PC using developed programs for various combinations of these farms. The research involves constructing the relationships for the balancing power, determining the conditions for its reduction and the conditions for its limitation in terms of voltage stability in the balancing part of the system.
Using of Evacuated Solar Tube Collectors for Heating in Central Yakutia Conditions
Authors: D.V. Prokhorov , V.E. Zakharov , S.S. Vasilyev
Published: November 2024

In the Department of Energy Problems of the IPTPN SB RAS an experimental stand for a solar heat supply system based on the evacuated solar tube collector was assembled. During the experiment the incident solar radiation on the collector surface and the corresponding thermal energy received from the evacuated solar tube collector were measured. Data collection began at the end of 2021 and is still ongoing. The obtained experimental data will allow to study the efficiency of the evacuated solar tube collectors in the climatic and natural conditions of Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) and measure the intensity of solar radiation. The obtained research results will make it possible to determine the effectiveness of using solar heating systems based on evacuated solar tube collectors in the conditions of Yakutia, as well as their feasibility. Features of the solar heating system operation in extremely low temperatures have been identified. Recommendations to take these features into account are given. Based on the data received the database of the solar heating system operation and the database of solar insolation were developed and registered.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ВЗГЛЯДОВ НА ПОВЕДЕНИЕ НАЛОГОПЛАТЕЛЬЩИКОВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ УКЛОНЕНИЯ ОТ УПЛАТЫ НАЛОГОВ
Authors: А.В. Ледовская , В.В. Кузьменко
Published: November 2024

Изучение процессов уклонения от уплаты налогов привело к расширению исходных предпосылок моделей поведения, где налогоплательщики действуют рационально, максимизируя свою полезность. Появились результаты, подтверждающие важность индивидуальных мотиваций, которые выходят за рамки узких рациональных предпосылок, а также групповых стереотипов поведения. Цель исследования заключается в изучении эволюции взглядов на поведение налогоплательщиков в контексте уклонения от уплаты налогов, результатом которой стало возникновение междисциплинарных подходов, основанных на включении в модели социальных и психологических факторов, применение которых на практике в деятельности налоговых органов привело к возникновению клиенториентированных подходов во взаимодействии государства и налогоплательщиков. Результаты подтвердили актуальность и важность использования междисциплинарных подходов в изучении поведения налогоплательщиков, что требует дальнейшей интеграции полученных эмпирических результатов и теоретических моделей для разработки эффективных инструментов противодействия уклонению от уплаты налогов.
ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ КОМПАНИЙ В СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ И ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ ВЫБОР КОНКУРЕНТНОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ
Authors: А.с.Р. Гечис , Н.В. Разнова
Published: November 2024

Проведен анализ факторов, влияющих на развитие строительных компаний в России. Определены факторы, влияющие на поведение участников строительной отрасли – одни из них являются следствием требований государства, закрепленных законодательно, другие являются следствием анализа текущей ситуации на рынке. Несмотря на общий технологический прогресс, строительная отрасль долгое время оставалась наиболее консервативной в стране. Практика взаимоотношений государства со строительными компаниями показала, что четверть всех контрактов срывалась за счет превышения сроков реализации контрактов строительными компаниями. На фоне успешного зарубежного опыта было принято решение перевести в принудительном порядке все строительные компании на новый стандарт работы с BIM-технологиями. Главная цель от этих мероприятий заключается в повышении качества планирования и расчета стоимости строительных объектов. В качестве примера была взята строительная компания ООО СК «Сиблидер» и на основе ее стратегических целей проведен расчет экономического эффекта, который удастся получить с учетом выявленных факторов.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ МИРОВОГО ОПЫТА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ БЮДЖЕТА ГОСУДАРСТВА
Authors: Э.Э. Хачатурова , Д.А. Кудзиева
Published: November 2024

Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрены особенности организации бюджетного процесса в США как определенного инструмента финансового планирования, а также сделан вывод о том, что США в настоящее время являются практически единственной из развитых стран, в практике которой отрицаются почти все базовые принципы бюджетного процесса: единство бюджета, его непрерывность, доминирующая роль исполнительной власти. Целью данной работы является определение мирового опыта в сфере бюджетирования для создания наиболее эффективной деятельности, так как именно выявление случаев дефицита и профицита позволяет контролировать движение денежных средств.

This article examines the features of the organization of the budgetary process in the United States as a specific instrument of financial planning, and also concludes that the United States is currently practically the only developed country in which almost all basic principles of the budgetary process are denied: the unity of the budget, its continuity, the dominant role of the executive branch. The purpose of this work is to determine the world experience in the field of budgeting to create the most effective activities, since it is the identification of cases of deficit and surplus that allows you to control cash flow.
PURCHASE INTENTION BEHAVIOR IN CO-BRANDING PRODUCTS WITH SOCIAL MEDIA AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Authors: Sumantri Dadan , Fahmi Radiyul , Fathurrohman Firdaus , Hurriyati Ratih , Dirgantari Puspo Dewi , Mulyadi Hari
Published: November 2024

This research aims to investigate the influence of co-branding on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions, with social media as a moderating variable. This study focuses on the Hard13 Noir Low and High co-branded products, with a sample of 200 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data was collected through a questionnaire distributed online using Google Forms and analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The research results show that product and brand fit positively and significantly influence attitudes towards co-branded products. Attitudes toward co-branded products have also significantly influenced consumer purchasing intentions. In addition, social media was found to strengthen the relationship between product fit and brand fit with attitudes towards co-branded products and the relationship between attitudes towards co-branded products and purchase intentions. These findings can help companies manage the co-branding strategy, develop more effective marketing strategies, and suggest that using the social media can increase the consumer buying interest, especially as they face dynamic market challenges in the digital and post pandemic era.JEL: M3, O3.
Triazolide Complexes of Sodium and Potassium in the Gas-phase
Authors: Lee Arthur Enoch , Stienstra Cailum , McMahon Terry , Hopkins W. Scott
Published: November 2024

Aromatic organometallic complexes, such as ferrocene and the “inverse sandwich complex” [Na2Cp]+, are stabilized via charge-transfer (C-T) interactions and cation- interactions (i.e., charge-induced dipole and charge-quadrupole interactions). Much effort has gone into investigating systems that contain organic moieties such as benzene or cyclopentadienyl ligands, but less attention has been paid to aromatic systems that contain heteroatoms (e.g., N), possibly owing to the complexity arising from a lowering of symmetry and the introduction of electron lone pair density and dipole moments. Here we investigate sodiated and potassiated clusters of 1,2,3-triazolide, [Mx(123T)x–1]+ (x = 3, 4; M = Na, K), and 1,2,4-triazolide, [Mx(124T)x–1]+ (x = 3, 4; M = Na, K), using a combination of infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) and DFT calculations. Cluster structures are strongly influenced by charge-dipole interactions and C-T from N lone pairs to the metal cations. IRIS spectra indicated that the geometries of the triazolide moieties are essentially unperturbed by interaction with the metal ions. Additional spectral features, not predicted by DFT calculations, that are observed in the 1500 – 1800 cm–1 region seem to be associated with combination bands involving C-H wagging and ring torsion motions.
New Insights into the Catalytic Mechanism of the Fe(II)/2OG-Dependent Ethylene Forming Enzyme
Authors: Jaber Sathik Rifayee Simahudeen Bathir , George Thomas Midhun , Christov Christo
Published: November 2024

Ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) has economic importance due to its ability to catalyze the formation of ethylene and 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP). Understanding the catalytic mechanism of EFE is essential for optimizing the biological production of these important industrial chemicals. In this study, we implemented molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) to elucidate the pathways leading to ethylene and 3HP formation. Our results suggest that ethylene formation occurs from the propion-3-yl radical intermediate rather than the (2-carboxyethyl)carbonato-Fe(II) intermediate (EFIV), which conclusively acts as a precursor for 3HP formation. The results also explain the role of the hydrophobic environment surrounding the 2OG binding site in stabilizing the propion-3-yl radical, which defines their conversion to either ethylene or 3HP. Our simulations on the A198L EFE variant, which produces more 3HP than wild-type (WT) EFE based on experimental observations, predict that the formation of EFIV intermediate is more favored than WT. Also, MD simulations on EFIV intermediate in both WT and A198L EFE predicted that the water molecules approach the Fe center, which suggests a role of water molecules in the breakdown of EFIV intermediate. QM/MM simulations on the EFIV intermediate of WT and A198L EFE predicted that the Fe-bound water molecule could provide a proton for the 3HP formation from EFIV. The study underscores the critical influence of the enzyme’s hydrophobic environment and second coordination sphere residues in determining product distribution between ethylene and 3HP. These mechanistic insights lay a foundation for targeted enzyme engineering, aiming to improve the selectivity and catalytic efficiency of EFE in biological ethylene and 3HP production.
Multi-Fidelity Transfer Learning for Quantum Chemical Data Using A Robust Density Functional Tight Binding Baseline
Authors: Cui Mengnan , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T.
Published: November 2024

Machine learning has revolutionized the development of interatomic potentials over the past decade, offering unparalleled computational speed without compromising accuracy. However, the performance of these models is highly dependent on the quality and amount of training data. Consequently, the current scarcity of high-fidelity datasets (i.e. beyond semilocal density functional theory) represents a significant challenge for further improvement. To address this, this study investigates the performance of transfer learning (TL) across multiple fidelities for both molecules and materials. Crucially, we disentangle the effects of multiple fidelities and different configuration/chemical spaces for pre-training and fine-tuning, in order to gain a deeper understanding of TL for chemical applications. This reveals that negative transfer, driven by noise from low-fidelity methods such as a Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) baseline, can significantly impact fine-tuned models. Despite this, the multi-fidelity approach demonstrates superior performance compared to single-fidelity learning. Interestingly, it even outperforms TL based on foundation models in some cases, by leveraging an optimal overlap of pre-training and fine-tuning chemical spaces.
Discrimination between Purine and Pyrimidine-rich RNA in Liquid-Liquid Phase Separated Condensates with Cationic Peptides and the Effect of Artificial Crowding Agents
Authors: Moller Anika L. , Middleton Isis A. , Maynard Grace E. , Cox Lachlan , Wang Anna , Li Hsiu Lin , Thordarson Pall
Published: November 2024

Membraneless organelles – often referred to as condensates or coacervates – are liquid-liquid phase separated systems formed between non-coding RNAs and intrinsically disordered proteins. While the importance of different amino acid resi-dues in short peptide-based condensates have been investigated, the role of the individual nucleobases or the type of hetero-cyclic structures; the purine vs. pyrimidine nucleobases, is less researched. The cell’s crowded environment has been mim-icked in vitro to demonstrate its ability to induce the formation of condensates, but more research in this area is required, especially with respect to RNA-facilitated phase separation, and the properties of the crowding agent, (poly)ethylene glycol (PEG). Herein we have shown that the nucleotide base sequence of RNA can greatly influence its propensity to undergo phase separation with cationic peptides, with the purine-only RNA decamer (AG)5 readily doing so while the pyrimidine-only (CU)5 does not. Furthermore, we show that the presence and size of a PEG macromolecular crowder affects both the ability to phase separate, and the stability of coacervates formed, possibly due to co-condensation of PEG with the RNA and peptides. This work sheds light on the presence of low complexity long purine- or pyrimidine-rich non-complementary re-peat (AG or CU) sequences in various non-coding RNAs found in biology.
Reactions of a prototypical phenolic antioxidant with radicals in polyethylene: insights from density functional theory
Authors: Ahn Yunho , Roma Guido , Colin Xavier
Published: November 2024

Phenolic antioxidants are widely used to prevent oxidation, which is the main degradation process for many polymers, in particular polyolefins among which polyethylene is the most employed one. Although it is generally understood that one of the main mechanisms by which phenolic antioxidants prevent or slow down oxidation is by deactivating radicals and preventing the formation of alkyl radicals, detailed understanding at the atomic scale of the hierarchy of radical reactions is still lacking. Here, we investigate the interaction of a prototypical phenolic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with radicals in a polyethylene model by means of static and dynamic simulations based on density functional theory. We focus on the H-transfer reactions between BHT and radical species by evaluating the associated energy barriers and analyses the conditions in which these relevant reactions occur by first principles molecular dynamics simulation. Our polyethylene model includes a realistic surface of a crystalline lamella, thus describing the local atomic environment in which the reactions mainly take place. Our results suggest that the H-transfer reaction of the BHT molecule with an alkoxy radical is spontaneous and the energy barrier is small (~0.1 eV) with a peroxy radical. Conversely, direct scavenging of alkyl radicals by BHT seems excluded. Our molecular dynamics simulations highlight the influence of steric hindrance and antioxidant diffusion within amorphous regions on antioxidant efficiency.
Unremodeled GPI-anchored proteins at the plasma membrane trigger aberrant endocytosis
Authors: Chen Li , Banfield David K
Published: November 2024

The plasma membrane has a complex organization that includes the polarized distribution of membrane proteins and lipids. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes and represent a functionally diverse, extensively remodeled, ER-derived group of proteins critical for the organization and function of the plasma membrane. Little is known about how the transport of incompletely remodeled GPI-APs to the plasma membrane affects cell function. Here, we investigated how failure to remodel mannose 2 (Man2) of the GPI moiety impacted endocytic activity on the plasma membrane. We find that Man2 unremodeled GPI-APs increased membrane disorder and generated a stress response that triggered abnormal ubiquitin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The resulting stress-induced endocytosis disrupted the trafficking repertoire of a subset of plasma membrane proteins, which were redirected, via the multivesicular body, to numerous small vacuoles for degradation. Our findings highlight the critical importance of GPI-AP Man2 remodeling for maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of the plasma membrane.
Understanding The Role of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Productive Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Bogor Regency Through Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Tapsi Syhabuddin Al , Baga Lukman Mohammad , Feryanto Feryanto
Published: November 2024

The engagement of entrepreneurs in the agricultural industry is essential to generate business growth and sustainability through Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). However, the sector contributes less to the GRDP of Bogor Regency. The competence of agricultural entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystems causes this condition. Meanwhile, productive entrepreneurship can occur through interactions between business owners and their environment. So, this research aimed to analyze the entrepreneurial ecosystem's constructions and role in agricultural entrepreneurship productivity in Bogor Regency. The research used a quantitative approach and followed the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. The results of primary data obtained by interviewing 110 respondents using a Likert-scale questionnaire showed that this study strengthens the theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems that empirically contribute to entrepreneurial productivity geographically and in terms of industry specifications. Enhancing high-growth entrepreneurs, increasing income, and growing new businesses are related to entrepreneurial ecosystem’ roles. Hence, reinforcing essential elements of ecosystems was concluded as the practical implications of the findings.
Persepsi Petani terhadap Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Desa Sari Galuh Kecamatan Tapung Kabupaten Kampar Riau
Authors: Yosanta Frida , Suwarto Suwarto , Suminah Suminah
Published: November 2024

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) pada awalnya diharapkan dapat mewujudkan pengentasan kemiskinan dan dapat mendukung kontribusi UMKM terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Di sisi lain, menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik pada tahun 2021, terjadi penurunan persentase pekerja informal di sektor pertanian di Provinsi Riau Kabupaten Kampar sebesar 2,26%. Keberadaan dan pertumbuhan UMKM yang pesat dapat menggeser mata pencaharian lain, termasuk mata pencaharian seorang petani. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji perspektif petani terhadap program UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik survei. Sebanyak 86 responden diambil sebagai sampel secara proporsional random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis uji korelasi Rank Spearman dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor pembentuk persepsi petani terhadap UMKM di Desa Sari Galuh, Kecamatan Tapung, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau adalah umur, pendidikan formal, pendidikan non formal, tingkat pendapatan, pengalaman bertani, dan lingkungan sosial. Faktor-faktor pembentuk persepsi yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan persepsi petani terhadap UMKM di Desa Sari Galuh, Kecamatan Tapung, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau adalah umur, pendidikan non formal, tingkat pendapatan, dan pengalaman bertani. Sedangkan yang tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan UMKM di Desa Sari Galuh, Kecamatan Tapung, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau adalah pendidikan formal dan pengalaman bertani.
Updating Digital Formats for Administering Info-Systems in the Treasury of Russia
Authors: Blizkiy R. S. , Khmelevskoy A. S.
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on introducing technological innovations in the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation during the digitalization stage. It covers budget execution, contractual relations, and tax revenues at all levels of administration. The study reveals existing information systems (IS), their administration, their level of coverage, and influence in the development framework of the state. The list of systems under consideration includes the state integrated IS “Electronic Budget”; a single IS for procurement; IS of a single tax account; Subsystem of the information and analytical support of the Federal Treasury. The management process in digitalization conditions updates the digital format for the IS upgrade as forms of expression. An analysis of the transition to the digital format and introducing technical innovations of the IS of the Federal Treasury. The research systematized procedures for improving the working documentation, the roles of participants in the IS growth at different stages of development, implementation, and development. The work aims to study digital formats for optimizing procedures and administer IS in the treasury bodies of Russia. It also focuses on digitalization and progressing a digital economy. In the process of achieving the research goal, the authors utilized various methodological techniques. Methods of scientific knowledge include general-logic, theoretical and empirical methods. The study used system analysis to examine the IS of the Treasury of Russia. This approach revealed the interconnected elements and key parameters that influence its administration during digitalization. The authors concluded that “affirmation” has the goal of enhancing administering Russian treasury IS during their development, implementation, and modernization stages. Digitalization processes of the Federal Treasury allocated the major problems of IS development.
The Impact of Fraud Risks and Uncertainties on Business Activities under Sanctions Restrictions
Authors: Zemskov V. V.
Published: November 2024

This study examines and addresses the most important and critical problems associated with fraud risks and uncertainties in accounting (financial) and tax reporting. Attackers, committing deceptive and fraudulent actions, overestimate assets or write off stolen funds as expenses, as a result of which potential investors, suppliers, and customers may make incorrect financial decisions regarding the alleged counterparty. The author of the article analyzes the uncertainties existing in tax legal relations, and how they divert the resources of business entities (financial, human, technological) to resolve these problems through litigation. The purpose of the study is to analyze and assess both the risks of fraudulent misstatements with estimated liabilities and fair values in financial statements, as well as uncertainties affecting business activities and operations in the conditions of limited financial resources. The risks of fraud and uncertainty act as the key factors in predictive crimes and offences. The article presents the author’s interpretation of the concept of “uncertainty” as the inability of a management entity to make the right financial decisions due to ignorance of relevant regulatory legal documents on various issues of tax relations or incomplete information necessary for effective activity. The study used such general scientific methods as comparative and logical analyses, statistical analysis, and content analysis. The author of the study concluded that when identifying existing uncertainties in tax legal relations, when some of them are not legally regulated, the principle of presumption of innocence of an economic entity should be applied, which, under the conditions of sanctions restrictions, is the only correct decision that directly affects the financial well-being of the latter, and, consequently, the level of the country’s defense capability. The results of the study can be used in practice by employees of financial, accounting services, as well as the employees of regulatory and supervisory authorities in assessing tax risks.
Effectiveness of Using a Constant Coefficient in Combining Forecasts to Improve Forecasting Accuracy
Authors: Surkov A. A.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the methodology for using a constant coefficient when combining forecasts. Today, there are many options for constructing weighting coefficients, and some of them include a constant coefficient in the combination due to the assumption that it improves forecasting accuracy. Unfortunately, there is no clear and unambiguous answer to the question of how true this hypothesis is — it has both positive and negative sides. The purpose of the study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of using a constant coefficient when combining forecasts based on available practical and theoretical data, as well as to form a unified approach to this issue. In the course of the work, scientific methods for combining forecasts were applied (proposed by K. Granger and R. Ramanathan), one of which involves the presence and calculation of the constant coefficient. The practical results obtained by the author of the article have generally confirmed the value of including a constant coefficient in the combined forecast, on the basis of which it was concluded that the use of the latter is possible if there is confidence that it can improve the accuracy of forecasting. The study also identified the need to find such an approach to constructing weighting coefficients that would take into account the possibility of changing the constant coefficient for combining forecasts, thereby expanding the possibilities of its application.
Analysis of factors influencing the process of selective etching of the {100} monocrystalline GaAs surface to determine the dislocation density
Authors: Verbitsky Roman A. , Polzikova, Kristina S. , Syrov Yury V. , Knyazev Stanislav N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effect of crystallohydrate water in the composition of alkalis: potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide on the process of selective etching of single-crystal gallium arsenide plates used to identify dislocation etching pits on the crystallographic surface {100} as part of technological quality control of single-crystal GaAs ingots. Selective etching was carried out in melts of alkali crystallohydrates (KOH · H2O, NaOH · H2O), as well as in melts of anhydrous alkalis (KOH, NaOH). As a result of the experiments carried out, it was proved that when etching in anhydrous potassium and sodium hydroxides, the etching process of gallium arsenide plates does not proceed selectively — there is an almost uniform dissolution of the entire surface. At the same time, the formation of erosion zones occurs in the melt of KOH · H2O crystallohydrate — dislocation etching pits characteristic of the crystallographic plane {100}. In the melt of NaOH · H2O crystallohydrate, the selective etching process does not proceed, all other things being equal, under experimental conditions. As a result of the analysis of the experimental data, the mechanism of selective etching was identified and justified, which consists in the course of high-temperature hydrolysis of the {100} GaAs surface with the participation of crystalline hydrate water residues in the composition of KOH · H2O. It has been shown that the temperature and the presence of water in the composition of the selective etchant are the determining factors of the course of this process. The use of the results of this work will make it possible to control the process of selective etching of GaAs plates to a greater extent, as well as to standardize the methodology of their technological control.
Agile, on-demand wastewater surveillance of virus infections to support pandemic and outbreak response in Rotterdam-Rijnmond, the Netherlands, 2020 to 2022
Authors: Besijn Emma , Whelan Jane , Bijkerk Paul , Sips Gregorius J , Langeveld Jeroen , Izquierdo-Lara Ray W , van Baarle Elvira , Schilperoort Remy , Koopmans Marion P G , de Graaf Miranda , Medema Gertjan , Fanoy Ewout
Published: November 2024

Background

Wastewater surveillance may support early and comprehensive detection of infectious diseases’ community transmission, particularly in settings where other health surveillance systems provide biased or limited information. Amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, deploying passive samplers to monitor targeted populations gained importance. Evaluation of the added public health value of this approach in the field can support its broader adoption.

Aim

We aimed to assess the feasibility and utility of on-demand wastewater surveillance, employing passive samplers, for SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus (MPXV) in small/targeted populations, also considering ethical aspects.

Methods

Pilot case studies in the Rotterdam-Rijnmond region were used for a systematic assessment of the feasibility and utility of wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 (variants) and MPXV using passive sampling. Each case study was instigated by actual questions from the Public Health Service about disease transmission.

Results

Case study results demonstrated the feasibility and utility of on-demand wastewater surveillance with successful identification of a local peak in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, early detection of wider Omicron variant transmission after the first case was reported, as well as indication of no emerging local MPXV transmission. Ethical considerations led to the abandonment of one case study involving a displaced population.

Conclusions

The study confirms the feasibility and utility of passive sampling for real-time infectious disease surveillance, at desired spatiotemporal resolution. Ethical concerns and operational challenges were identified, highlighting the need for early stakeholder engagement and ethical guideline adherence. The method could be used to study under-surveyed populations and be extended beyond SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV to other pathogens.
Expert consensus on antimicrobial resistance research priorities to focus development and implementation of antibacterial vaccines and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Hassoun-Kheir Nasreen , Guedes Mariana , Arieti Fabiana , Pezzani Maria Diletta , Gladstone Beryl Primrose , Robotham Julie V , Pouwels Koen B , Kingston Rhys , Carmeli Yehuda , Cassini Alessandro , Cecchini Michele , Drobniewski Francis , Frost Isabel , Geurtsen Jeroen , Kronenberg Andreas , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Paul Mical , Rocha-Pereira Nuno , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Scudeller Luigia , Stewardson Andrew J , Tacconelli Evelina , Harbarth Stephan , Vella Venanzio , de Kraker Marlieke EA
Published: November 2024

To reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pathogen-specific AMR burden data are crucial to guide target selection for research and development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We identified knowledge gaps through previously conducted systematic reviews, which informed a Delphi expert consultation on future AMR research priorities and harmonisation strategies to support data-driven decision-making. Consensus (≥80% agreement) on importance and feasibility of research topics was achieved in two rounds, involving 24 of 39 and 19 of 24 invited experts, respectively. Priority pathogens and resistance profiles for future research were identified: third generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, for bloodstream and urinary tract infections, respectively, and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus for surgical-site infections. Prioritised high-risk populations included surgical, haemato-oncological and transplant patients. Mortality and resource use were prioritised as health-economic outcomes. The importance of age-stratified data and inclusion of a non-infected comparator group were highlighted. This agenda provides guidance for future research to fill knowledge gaps and support data-driven selection of target pathogens and populations for new preventive and treatment strategies, specifically vaccines and mAbs, to effectively address the AMR burden in Europe. These research priorities are also relevant to improve the evidence base for future AMR burden estimates.
Escherichia coli from six European countries reveals differences in profile and distribution of critical antimicrobial resistance determinants within One Health compartments, 2013 to 2020
Authors: Kaspersen Håkon P , Brouwer Michael SM , Nunez-Garcia Javier , Cárdenas-Rey Ingrid , AbuOun Manal , Duggett Nicholas , Ellaby Nicholas , Delgado-Blas Jose , Hammerl Jens A , Getino Maria , Serna Carlos , Naas Thierry , Veldman Kees T , Bossers Alex , Sunde Marianne , Mo Solveig S , Jørgensen Silje B , Ellington Matthew , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno , La Ragione Roberto , Glaser Philippe , Anjum Muna F
Published: November 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. Monitoring using an integrated One Health approach is essential to detect changes in AMR occurrence.

Aim

We aimed to detect AMR genes in pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli collected 2013–2020 within monitoring programmes and research from food animals, food (fresh retail raw meat) and humans in six European countries, to compare vertical and horizontal transmission.

Methods

We whole genome sequenced (WGS) 3,745 E. coli isolates, detected AMR genes using ResFinder and performed phylogenetic analysis to determine isolate relatedness and transmission. A BLASTn-based bioinformatic method compared draft IncI1 genomes to conserved plasmid references from Europe.

Results

Resistance genes to medically important antimicrobials (MIA) such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) were widespread but predicted resistance to MIAs authorised for human use (carbapenem, tigecycline) was detected only in two human and three cattle isolates. Phylogenetic analysis clustered E. coli according to phylogroups; commensal animal isolates showed greater diversity than those from human patients. Only 18 vertical animal-food and human-animal transmission events of E. coli clones were detected. However, IncI1 plasmids from different sources and/or countries carrying resistance to ESCs were conserved and widely distributed, although these variants were rarely detected in human pathogens.

Conclusion

Using WGS we demonstrated AMR is driven vertically and horizontally. Human clinical isolates were more closely related, but their IncI1 plasmids were more diverse, while animal or food isolates were less similar with more conserved IncI1 plasmids. These differences likely arose from variations in selective pressure, influencing AMR evolution and transmission.