bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Biodiesel Production: Exploring Reaction Protocols, Catalysts, and Influential Factors
Authors: Ullah Zahoor , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Ullah Mohib , Mamoon‐Ur‐Rashid  , Khan Amir Sada , Shah Syed Nasir , Shah Mansoor Ul Hassan , Ahmad Pervaiz , Sohail Muhammad , Khan Khalid Ali
Published: November 2024

An environmentally responsible and sustainable replacement for finite fossil fuels is biodiesel. Because of its amazing qualities, biodiesel is becoming more and more popular as a renewable fuel around the globe. The many approaches, feedstocks, catalysts, comparison standards, reaction kinetics, final product analysis, and final product characterization of biodiesel are covered in this review article. Researchers have used a variety of techniques to produce biodiesel throughout history, with transesterification emerging as the most effective approach in more recent times. Numerous studies on biodiesel feedstock and catalysts to produce high biodiesel yields have been published; nevertheless, it should be highlighted that the type of feedstock must be considered while choosing a catalyst. The review paper highlights the significance of several parameters that are crucial to the manufacture of biodiesel, without which achieving a high yield would be challenging. The literature has also discussed the limitations and advantages of different catalysts, and scientists are currently working to identify the ideal catalyst within certain optimal parameters for the manufacture of biodiesel. Homogeneous reaction‐based biodiesel synthesis has a number of drawbacks, though, such as water content, a laborious purification procedure, and a low tolerance for free fatty acids. To address these issues, scientists have started investigating heterogeneous reactions involving solid catalysts. A large pore network, a moderate‐to‐high density of strong acid sites, a hydrophobic surface, and the ability to control surface hydrophobicity to avoid deactivation are all desirable characteristics of an ideal solid catalyst. Ion exchange resins, sulfated oxides, heterogeneous base catalysts, boron group‐based heterogeneous catalysts, alkaline earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, alkali metal oxides, heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials, and different approaches to biodiesel synthesis that employ enzymes, carbon‐based heterogeneous catalysts, and ionic liquids as catalysts are among the categories of catalysts that can be used in the production of biodiesel. The finest benchmarks to compare the quality of biodiesel with European and American Society for Testing Material standards. For detailed characterization of the finished product, gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are the most effective methods.
Preventive catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with end‐stage heart failure referred for heart transplantation evaluation: Rationale for and design of the CASTLE‐VT trial
Authors: Sohns Christian , Fink Thomas , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Costard‐Jaeckle Angelika , Marrouche Nassir F. , Sossalla Samuel , Schramm Rene , El Hamriti Mustapha , Moersdorf Maximilian , Didenko Maxim , Braun Martin , Sciacca Vanessa , Konietschke Frank , Rudolph Volker , Gummert Jan , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Sommer Philipp ,   for the CASTLE‐VT Investigators
Published: November 2024

Aims

Timely referrals for transplantation and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) play a key role in favourable outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Cardiovascular mortality, driven by sudden cardiac death, is the main reason for dying while waiting for heart transplantation (HTx). The purpose of the Preventive Catheter Ablation for ventricular arrhythmiaS in patients with end‐sTage heart faiLure rEferred for heart transplantation eValuaTion (CASTLE‐VT) trial is to test the hypothesis that prophylactic catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic ventricular scar tissue will reduce mortality, need for LVAD implantation, and urgent HTx in patients with end‐stage HF related to ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

Methods

CASTLE‐VT is a randomized evaluation of prophylactic ablative treatment of arrhythmogenic ventricular scar in patients referred for HTx evaluation and diagnosed with ICM. Ablation will be performed with the use of a substrate‐based approach in which the myocardial scar is mapped and ablated while the heart remains predominantly in sinus rhythm. The primary endpoint is the composite of all‐cause mortality, worsening of HF requiring prioritized transplantation or LVAD implantation. The main secondary study endpoints are all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, incidence of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy, hospitalizations, quality of life, time to first ICD therapy, number of device‐detected ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation episodes, left ventricular function, and exercise tolerance. CASTLE‐VT will randomize 160 patients with a follow‐up period of 2 years.

Conclusion

CASTLE‐VT will determine whether prophylactic catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic ventricular scar tissue reduces mortality in patients with end‐stage HF who are referred for HTx evaluation.
Psychological distress in heart failure patients: Implications for healthcare utilization and expenditure
Authors: Thyagaturu Harshith , Abugrin Mohamed , Awad Maan , Mensah Samuel Akaakole , Santer Matthew , Gonuguntla Karthik , Fonarow Gregg C , Balla Sudarshan
Published: November 2024

Aims

Psychological distress is prevalent among heart failure (HF) patients, yet its impact on healthcare expenditure and utilization remains understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychological distress in HF patients and its impact on healthcare expenditure and utilization.

Methods and results

We analysed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from January 2016 to December 2021, focusing on adults diagnosed with HF. We assessed the prevalence of psychological distress using the Kessler 6 (K6) questionnaire and examined its association with healthcare utilization and expenditures through multivariate regression models, adjusting for relevant covariates. Among 10 681 886 HF patients, 6.8% experienced psychological distress. The mean age was 69.9 years, and 50% were female. Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between psychological distress and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.87), Charlson comorbidity index ≥3 (aOR 3.05), and sleep disorders (aOR 2.82). Protective factors included exercise (aOR 0.40), higher education (aOR 0.89) and higher income levels (middle‐income: aOR 0.19, high‐income: aOR 0.20). HF patients with psychological distress incurred significantly higher annual total expenses ($14 709, p < 0.01), with inpatient costs ($6014, p = 0.02) and office‐based expenses ($3993, p = 0.04) being notably elevated. Additionally, these patients exhibited more frequent annual emergency room visits (0.07 visits, p < 0.01), hospital discharges (0.2 discharges, p = 0.01), and nights spent in the hospital (1.4 nights, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Psychological distress in HF patients is associated with significantly higher medical expenditure and healthcare utilization. These findings underscore the need for integrated care approaches and present possible areas for intervention to address this significant healthcare burden.
Exploring the Reactivity of High Valent Iron Intermediates in Water
Authors: Sharma Parkhi , Kumar Rakesh , Awasthi Ayushi , Draksharapu Apparao
Published: November 2024

The exceptional reactivity observed in non‐heme iron enzymes can be attributed to their capability to access high‐valent iron oxygen species in their active site. Numerous inorganic model complexes have been reported to date, providing insights into the intricate structural and spectroscopic features of many iron‐containing enzymes and advancing our understanding of their enzymatic reaction pathways. While the reactivities of synthetic iron complexes have been evaluated using various oxidants, the investigation into the formation of reactive intermediates has primarily focused on acetonitrile. However, water, which serves as the medium in biological systems, has been less frequently employed in these studies. Motivated by this, we conducted a comprehensive study on the generation of key reactive species using various oxidants with a model complex, [(BnTPEN)Fe(II)(OTf)]+ (1) (where BnTPEN=N‐benzyl‐N,N,N‐tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,2‐diaminoethane) in water, which yielded important findings. In water, a quantitative yield of Fe(IV)=O species was achieved with the oxidant NaIO4. Additionally, we observed an equilibrium between side‐on Fe(III)−OO and Fe(III)−OOH, with the latter eventually converting to Fe(IV)=O. The insights gained from this study are likely to be relevant in the chemistry of other Fe(II) complexes with polypyridyl pentadentate ligands.
Optimization Simulation of Mooring System of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform Based on SPH Method
Authors: Du Weibo , Jiao Peigang , Li Kangning , Ding Jiaming
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method is used to simulate the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbine mooring system in a complex marine environment by using its advantages of dealing with free surface flow and fluid–structure interaction. The single‐cable mooring system and the double‐cable mooring system are introduced into the numerical simulation model of fluid–solid coupling interaction. The first‐order irregular wave and the second‐order regular wave are used to simulate different wave conditions. The operating state of the platform in these two cases is analyzed, and the accurate data such as the velocity change of the geometric center of the platform and the change of six degrees of freedom are obtained. Using visual processing and data analysis, it is found that the optimized double‐cable mooring system structure improves the vibration reduction ability of the platform.
Performance Enhancement of Thermoelectric Generator‐Radiative Cooling System With Thermal and Electrical Energy Storage
Authors: Yigit Aysu , Yilmaz Muhammed , Yusuf Aminu , Ballikaya Sedat
Published: November 2024

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts thermal energy into electrical energy when temperature gradients are created across its two surfaces. Integrating the TEG with a phase change material (PCM) and radiative cooling (RC) can increase the temperature gradient across its two surfaces. In this study, a two‐layer RC paint has been developed and applied to the cold side of a TEG, and its performance was compared with TEG‐white paint and TEG‐no paint. The RC lowers the temperature of the cold side by 3.5°C and 4.7°C compared to TEGs with white paint and no paint, respectively. Integrating PCM with TEG–RC ensured a high electrical output, enabling continuous power for a typical weather sensor. The PCM–TEG–RC generated 2.7and 0.61 mW during summer and winter days in Istanbul, and nighttime outputs of 0.302 W and 0.395 mW, respectively. Despite similar costs, the electrical performance of TEG–RC was nearly double that of the TEG‐white paint. It has also been determined that a storage capacitor with a value of 0.5 F can provide 24‐h power backup to the typical weather sensor.
The interplay between epitranscriptomic RNA modifications and neurodegenerative disorders: Mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic strategies
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Abu Talha Safdar , Fatima Hooriya , Ahmad Sadia , Rehman Amna , Safdar Fiza
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a group of age‐related conditions characterized by the gradual decline in both the structure and functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). RNA modifications, arising from the epitranscriptome or RNA‐modifying protein mutations, have recently been observed to contribute significantly to neurodegenerative disorders. Specific modifications like N6‐methyladenine (m6A), N1‐methyladenine (m1A), 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), pseudouridine and adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) play key roles, with their regulators serving as crucial therapeutic targets. These epitranscriptomic changes intricately control gene expression, influencing cellular functions and contributing to disease pathology. Dysregulation of RNA metabolism, affecting mRNA processing and noncoding RNA biogenesis, is a central factor in these diseases. This review underscores the complex relationship between RNA modifications and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing the influence of RNA modification and the epitranscriptome, exploring the function of RNA modification enzymes in neurodegenerative processes, investigating the functional consequences of RNA modifications within neurodegenerative pathways, and evaluating the potential therapeutic advancements derived from assessing the epitranscriptome.
Parasympathetic regulation and maternal parenting as longitudinal predictors of preschooler inhibitory control
Authors: Phillips Jennifer J. , Williams Cheyenne A. , Hunter John H. , Bell Martha Ann
Published: November 2024

Measures of parasympathetic regulation, such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), predict executive function outcomes, including inhibitory control, across childhood. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia augmentation tends to be associated with more maladaptive outcomes, compared to RSA suppression, but the literature regarding RSA profiles and inhibitory control development across infancy and early childhood is contradictory. The goal of our current study was to examine the longitudinal and interactive effects of infant RSA during a frustrating task with negative maternal characteristics on inhibitory control during early childhood. Participants included 410 children (209 girls, 77.6% White, 92.9% non‐Hispanic) and their mothers. With small to moderate effect sizes (r
2 range from 0.124 to 0.143), we demonstrated that maternal negative affect when children were 36 months old moderated the association between 10‐month‐old RSA during a frustrating task and 48‐month‐old inhibitory control, such that RSA suppression predicted higher levels of inhibitory control, but only when mothers exhibited high levels of negative affect. Our results highlight the biosocial framework under which child inhibitory control develops.
Multi‐Deep Learning Approach With Transfer Learning for 7‐Stages Diabetic Retinopathy Classification
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadir , Sun Guangmin , Khalid Majdi , Farrash Majed , Bilal Anas
Published: November 2024

Proposed novel investigation focused on leveraging an innovative diabetic retinopathy (DR) dataset comprising seven severity stages, an approach not previously examined. By capitalizing on this unique resource, this study′s findings set a new benchmark for DR classification, highlighting the transformative potential of incorporating advanced data into AI models. This study developed a Vgg16 transfer learning model and gauged its performance against established algorithms including Vgg‐19, AlexNet, and SqueezeNet. Remarkably, our results achieved accuracy rates of 96.95, 96.75, 96.09, and 92.96, respectively, emphasizing the contribution of our work. We strongly emphasized comprehensive severity rating, yielding perfect and impressive F1‐scores of 1.00 for “mild NPDR” and 97.00 for “no DR signs.” The Vgg16‐TL model consistently outperformed other models across all severity levels, reinforcing the value of our discoveries. Our deep learning training process, carefully selecting a learning rate of 1e‐05, allowed continuous refinements in training and validation accuracy. Beyond metrics, our investigation underscores the vital clinical importance of precise DR classification for preventing vision loss. This study conclusively establishes deep learning as a powerful transformative tool for developing effective DR algorithms with the potential to improve patient outcomes and advance ophthalmology standards.
A Risk Stratification Study of Ultrasound Images of Thyroid Nodules Based on Improved DETR
Authors: Le Zhang , Liang Yue , Hu Xiaokang , Qiu Taorong , Xu Pan
Published: November 2024

The Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C‐TIRADS) standard is based on the Chinese current medical context. However, at present, there is a lack of C‐TIRADS‐based automatic computer‐aided diagnosis system for thyroid nodule ultrasound images, and the existing algorithms for detecting and recognizing thyroid nodules are basically for the dichotomous classification of benign and malignant. We used the DETR (detection transformer) model as a baseline model and carried out model enhancements to address the shortcomings of unsatisfactory classification accuracy and difficulty in detecting small thyroid nodules in the DETR model. First, to investigate the method of acquiring multi‐scale features of thyroid nodule ultrasound images, we choose TResNet‐L as the feature extraction network and introduce multi‐scale feature information and group convolution, thereby enhancing the model's multi‐label classification accuracy. Second, a parallel decoder architecture for multi‐label thyroid nodule ultrasound image classification is designed to enhance the learning of correlation between pathological feature class labels, aiming to improve the multi‐label classification accuracy of the detection model. Third, the loss function of the detection model is improved. We propose a linear combination of Smooth L1‐Loss and CIoU Loss as the model's bounding box loss function and asymmetric loss as the model's multi‐label classification loss function, aiming to further improve the detection model's detection accuracy for small thyroid nodules. The experiment results show that the improved DETR model achieves an AP of 92.4% and 81.6% with IoU thresholds of 0.5 and 0.75, respectively.
How Metacognitions Contribute to Compulsive Online Shopping: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Fioravanti Giulia , Spada Marcantonio M. , Bocci Benucci Sara , Casale Silvia , Gori Alessio
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Compulsive Online Shopping (COS) is considered a technological addiction, characterized by excessive engagement in online shopping behaviors that can cause economic, social, and emotional impairments in an individual's life. Among the theoretical models aimed at conceptualizing addictive behaviors, the metacognitive model has gained increased attention. However, no previous study has investigated the role of metacognitions in COS. The current study was aimed at clarifying the contribution of metacognitions about online shopping as potential mediating variables in the relationship between some well‐established psychological correlates (i.e., boredom proneness, impulsivity, materialism, negative affect) and COS.

Methods

A sample of 254 participants (mean age = 34.79 ± 11.45; Females = 84.3%) was recruited using convenience sampling.

Results

The hypothesized model produced a good fit to the data and accounted for 48% of COS variance. All the correlates (i.e., boredom proneness, impulsivity, materialism, and negative affect) were significantly and positively associated with Positive Metacognitions About Emotional And Cognitive Regulation, which in turn predicted COS. Boredom proneness and impulsivity were also positively associated with Negative Metacognitions About Uncontrollability And Cognitive Harm of online shopping, which in turn predicted COS. All the indirect effects were significant.

Conclusions

The present findings add to the argument that the metacognitive model of addictive behaviors may applied to the understanding of COS and open the possibility of applying metacognitive techniques to the treatment of COS.
The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at R. J. Cook Agronomy Farm
Authors: Huggins David R. , Phillips Claire L. , Carlson Bryan R. , Casanova Joaquin J. , Heineck Garett C. , Bean Alycia R. , Brooks Erin S.
Published: November 2024

Dryland agriculture in the Inland Pacific Northwest is challenged in part by rising input costs for seed, fertilizer, and agrichemicals; threats to water quality and soil health, including soil erosion, organic matter decline, acidification, compaction, and nutrient imbalances; lack of cropping system diversity; herbicide resistance; and air quality concerns from atmospheric emissions of particulate matter and greenhouse gases. Technological advances such as rapid data acquisition, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and robotics have helped fuel innovation and discovery but have also further complicated agricultural decision‐making and research. Meeting these challenges has promoted interest in (1) supporting long‐term research that enables assessment of ecosystem service trade‐offs and advances sustainable and regenerative approaches to agriculture, and (2) developing coproduction research approaches that actively engage decision‐makers and accelerate innovation. The R. J. Cook Agronomy Farm (CAF) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site established a cropping systems experiment in 2017 that contrasts prevailing (PRV) and alternative (ALT) practices at field scales over a proposed 30‐year time frame. The experimental site is on the Washington State University CAF near Pullman, WA. Cropping practices include a wheat‐based cropping system with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus, variety napus), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and winter pea (Pisum sativum), with winter wheat produced every third year under the ALT practices of continuous no‐tillage and precision applied N, compared to the PRV practice of reduced tillage (RT) and uniformly applied agrichemicals. Biophysical measurements are made at georeferenced locations that capture field‐scale spatial variability at temporal intervals that follow approved methods for each agronomic and environmental metric. Research to date is assessing spatial and temporal variations in cropping system performance (e.g., crop yield, soil health, and water and air quality) for ALT versus PRV and associated tradeoffs. Future research will explore a coproduction approach with the intent of advancing discovery, innovation, and impact through collaborative stakeholder‐researcher partnerships that direct and implement research priorities.
Conservation of the Polyamines Pathway in Ustilaginomycetes A Genomic and Experimental Approach
Authors: Martínez‐Soto Domingo , Hernández‐Rojas Albo J. , Valdés‐Santiago Laura , García‐Ortega Luis F. , Ramírez‐Martínez Adriana , Trujillo‐Esquivel Elías , Pérez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Ortiz‐Castellanos Lucila , León‐Ramírez Claudia G. , Esquivel‐Naranjo Edgardo Ulises , Ruiz‐Herrera José , Cervantes‐Chávez José Antonio
Published: November 2024

Polyamines are organic and aliphatic molecules essential for the growth, development, and survival of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In fungi, polyamines play a crucial role in cellular differentiation and pathogenesis. Since fungi and animals are closely related evolutionarily, and fungi can be easily genetically manipulated in the lab, they serve as excellent models for studying polyamine metabolism and the molecular mechanisms controlled by these biomolecules. Although the metabolism of polyamines has been extensively studied in model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis, the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in other Ustilaginomycetes, a class of fungi that includes phytopathogens, saprophytes, mutualists, and mycorrhizae, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using a genomic and bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Ustilaginomycetes. Additionally, we confirmed the functional conservation of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), which is involved in the synthesis of putrescine, one of the most important polyamines in fungi and complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms, using genetics and molecular biology tools. Moreover, we identified the differentially regulated genes by this polyamine in U. maydis. This research provides insights into the similarities and differences in the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in fungi, and it expands our understanding of the role of polyamines and the mechanisms regulated by these molecules in eukaryotes.
Active Surveillance for Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid—Tumor Growth Rate, Potential Malignancy, and Surgical Sequalae
Authors: Levyn Helena , Subramanian Tejas , Eagan Alana , Scholfield Daniel W. , Lopez Joseph , Katabi Nora , Wong Richard J. , Shah Jatin P. , Givi Babak , Morris Luc G. T. , Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G.
Published: November 2024

Objective

The outcomes of active surveillance (AS) for pleomorphic adenomas (PA) as an alternative to upfront parotidectomy have not been previously documented in the literature. This cohort study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of AS for parotid gland PA.

Methods

All patients with of previously untreated PA managed between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients who underwent AS for a minimum of 1 year from the initial consultation were identified. Patient demographics, the reason for AS, tumor growth rate, indication for surgery in those patients eventually operated, final pathology, and surgical sequelae were analyzed.

Results

During the study period, 610 patients with primary PA were treated in our institution. Of whom, 14 (2.3%) underwent AS for a period between 1 and 10 years with a median of 3.73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.3–4.9). Patient comorbidities were the most common reason for opting for AS (n = 6, 43%), followed by patients' preference to delay surgery (n = 4, 29%) and older age (n = 2, 14%). The median growth rate was 0.58 mm/year (IQR 0.04, 3.8, range −5.01 to 4.98 mm/year). In patients who eventually underwent parotidectomy (n = 10, 71.4%), the most common reason for intervention was tumor growth (8/10, 80%). Two patients had postsurgical mild transient facial nerve paresis with full recovery, and no carcinomas were discovered on final pathology.

Conclusion

In this selected cohort of patients with PA, the tumor growth rate was lower than traditionally believed. Patients who eventually underwent surgery did not suffer from serious complications and there was no evidence of clinical or pathological malignancy.
Infinitely many low‐ and high‐energy solutions for double‐phase problems with variable exponent
Authors: Lian Chun‐Bo , Cao Qing‐Hai , Ge Bin
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is the study of double‐phase problems with variable exponent. Using the Clark's theorem and the symmetric mountain pass lemma, we prove the existence of infinitely many small solutions and infinitely many large solutions, respectively.
Multi‐bump solutions for the nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Jun , Yin Zhaoyang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study the following nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
where the magnetic potential , is a parameter and the nonnegative continuous function has the deepening potential well. Using the variational methods, we obtain that the equation has at least multi‐bump solutions when is large enough.
Overcoming the Challenge of “Green Enough”: Exploring the Dark Side of Incremental Green Options
Authors: Zhong Ke , Yan Zhirui , Sun Hongjie , Huang Rong
Published: November 2024

Previous research has predominantly focused on transitioning individuals’ behavior from environmentally unfriendly to environmentally friendly, ignoring the challenge of how to replace incremental green options with the most green ones. Contrary to the widely held belief that all “green” options are beneficial, this study investigates when and how incremental green options— options offering some environmental benefits but not fully pro‐environmental—can reduce individuals’ willingness to choose the most green option. We discovered that individuals tend to forgo the most green options when incremental green options are available (Study 1, Study 2 & Study 3). Furthermore, by informing participants about the adequacy of different levels of environmental friendliness, we found that the options just surpassing the designated threshold were the most popular (Study 2). Additionally, the anticipated guilt mediates the negative effect of incremental green options (Study 2, Study 3, and Study 4). Study 3 reveals that when individual environmental efficacy is activated, the negative impact of presence of incremental green options on consumer choice of the most green ones is mitigated. Study 4 finds that more consumers chose the most green option over the incremental green option when the latter was presented with negative framing or two‐sided framing (compared to positive framing). This study offers a new perspective on pro‐environmental behavior research and enhance our understanding of the role of incremental green options in green marketing.
A Novel Splice Site Variant in COL6A1 Causes Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy in a Consanguineous Malian Family
Authors: Maiga Alassane Baneye , Pamanta Ibrahim , Bamba Salia , Cissé Lassana , Diarra Salimata , Touré Sidi , Yalcouyé Abdoulaye , Diallo Seydou , Diallo Salimata , Kané Fousseyni , Diallo Seybou Hassane , Ba Hamidou Oumar , Guinto Cheick Oumar , Fischbeck Kenneth , Landoure Guida , Cissé Idrissa Ahmadou ,   The H3Africa Consortium
Published: November 2024

Background

Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are diverse early‐onset conditions affecting skeletal muscle and connective tissue. This group includes collagen VI‐related dystrophies such as Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) and Bethlem myopathy (BM), caused by mutations in the COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes. We report a consanguineous Malian family with three siblings affected by UCMD due to a novel homozygous splice site variant in the COL6A1 gene.

Methods

After obtaining consent, three affected siblings and their relatives underwent physical examinations by specialists and laboratory tests where possible. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood for genetic testing, including Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Putative variants were confirmed through Sanger Sequencing and assessed for pathogenicity using in silico tools.

Results

The three siblings and their healthy parents, from a consanguineous marriage, presented with early‐onset progressive muscle weakness, walking difficulty, proximal motor deficits, severe muscle atrophy, hypotonia, skeletal deformities, joint hyperlaxity, ankyloses at the elbows and knees, keloid scars and dental crowding. No cardiac involvement was detected and creatine kinase (CK) levels were normal. All had low serum calcium levels, treated with oral supplements. Needle myography indicated myopathic patterns. WES identified a novel splice site variant in the first intron of COL6A1 (c.98‐1G>C), which segregated with the disease within the family. This variant is predicted to cause exon 2 skipping in COL6A1, with a high CADD score of 33 and Splice AI predicting it as deleterious.

Conclusion

We identified a novel COL6A1 variant in a consanguineous family, highlighting the need for further studies in larger African cohorts to enhance genetic epidemiology and prepare for future therapeutic research.
Grape‐Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) Modulates Diurnal Rhythms of Hepatic Metabolic Genes and Metabolites, and Reduces Lipid Deposition in Cafeteria‐Fed Rats in a Time‐of‐Day‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Rodríguez Romina M. , de Assis Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro , Calvo Enrique , Colom‐Pellicer Marina , Quesada‐Vázquez Sergio , Cruz‐Carrión Álvaro , Escoté Xavier , Oster Henrik , Aragonès Gerard , Mulero Miquel
Published: November 2024

Scope

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. Polyphenols, such as grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), are bioactive compounds present in plants and represent an interesting therapeutical approach for MASLD.

Methods and results

This study questioned whether the timing of GSPE administration impacts liver diurnal metabolism and steatosis in a rat obesity model. Results from hepatic lipid profiling and diurnal metabolic gene expression and metabolomics reveal that rats fed with a cafeteria (CAF) diet show impaired glucose homeostasis and enhanced lipogenesis in the liver, contributing to liver steatosis. Chronic consumption of GSPE in the inactive or active phase is associated with beneficial effects as the restoration of rhythms of transcripts and metabolites is observed. However, only when given in the active phase, GSPE treatment decreases hepatic triglyceride levels. Using an in vitro hepatocyte model, the study identifies that catechin, one of the main phenolic compounds found in the GSPE extract, is a potential mediator in ameliorating the effects of CAF‐induced liver steatosis.

Conclusion

Taken altogether, the findings show that the beneficial effects of GSPE on MASLD development depend on the treatment time.
A self‐packaged multilayer all‐metal integrated suspended slotline dual‐band filter
Authors: Wu Yi , Ma Kaixue , Yin Ming
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel implementation technology for realizing dual‐band bandpass filtering responses using high‐ slotline resonators with self‐packaged multilayer configuration. The concept of a 3D slotline is introduced, which utilizes the innovative metal‐integrated suspended line (MISL) technology. This technology utilizes an all‐metal structure, effectively eliminating dielectric loss. Furthermore, the implementation of an encapsulated structure significantly reduces radiation loss in the slotlines. Thus, the factors are greatly improved. Based on MISL, a dual‐band bandpass filter with wideband responses and multiple transmission zeros was designed, fabricated, and tested based on 3D cascaded‐mode half‐wavelength resonators. The test results demonstrated a high level of consistency with the simulation results, confirming the high‐ characteristics of the proposed 3D slotlines.
Eyeing Future Prospects for Displays
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: November 2024

This issue closes out an exciting 2024, and I am looking forward to what 2025 will bring. To wrap up the year, we are featuring the status of three key display technologies—microLED, quantum dots (QDs), and OLED—with predictions for the paths ahead.
MicroLED Displays: Industry Status and Roadmap
Authors: Mertens Ron
Published: November 2024

As pilot and production processes mature and improve, microLEDs could start competing with OLED displays in many application areas.
OLED's Advantages Provide Alternative Applications
Authors: O'Brien Bob
Published: November 2024

LEDs continue to deliver better performance using less energy and enabling new features in displays.
Switchable Privacy Displays for Automotive Applications
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Reichel Steffen
Published: November 2024

Large pillar‐to‐pillar displays or dedicated screens for vehicle passengers enable entertainment options without distracting drivers.
Prediction Value of Bladder Deformity Index for Upper Urinary Tract Damage in Patients With Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Chang Ran , Liao Limin , Jing Huafang , Gao Yi , Zhang Siyu , Wang Yue , Wu Juan
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the Bladder Deformity Index (BDI) in determining upper urinary tract (UUT) damage among patients with neurogenic bladder (NB).

Methods

Clinical data of 132 NB patients admitted to the China Rehabilitation Research Center between January 2018 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into UUT damage and normal UUT function groups based on the MRU and ultrasound grading systems for hydronephrosis, patients with the grade greater than or equal to I degree were considered to have UUTD. Patient demographics, biochemical parameters, and video‐urodynamics (VUDS) findings were collected, and BDI was calculated. Independent sample t tests were employed to compare general characteristics and VUDS parameters between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive capability of UUT damage.

Results

The study comprised 132 patients (86 males and 46 females) with an average NB duration of 7.37 ± 9.37 years (range: 0.2–44 years). UUT damage was present in 40.91% (n = 54) of patients. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the UUT damage and normal groups in terms of the duration of LUTS (9.98 ± 10.52 vs. 4.83 ± 7.32 years), creatinine levels (135.58 ± 110.51 vs. 57.66 ± 12.26 μmol/L), and BDI (103.28 ± 71.6 vs. 19.23 ± 15.03%). No significant differences were noted in age, bladder volume, or residual urine between the groups (p > 0.05). The AUC for the duration of LUTS, creatinine, and BDI were 0.691, 0.786, and 0.908, respectively, with a BDI Yoden index of 77%.

Conclusion

Long‐term LUTS, elevated creatinine levels, and high BDI are associated with UUT damage. BDI demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing UUT damage, outperforming creatinine levels and NB duration. Patients with BDI values exceeding 77% are at a heightened risk of UUT damage. BDI facilitates quantitative evaluation of cystography and preliminary evaluation upper and lower urinary tract function in NB patients. Further research is warranted to validate BDI's feasibility in quantifying cystography and diagnosing UUT damage.

Trial Registration: This study is retrospective and does not require clinical trial registration.
Can We Better Understand, Diagnose, and Treat Ketamine‐Induced Uropathy, and Can It Be Reversed? ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Hervé François , Aronsson Patrik , Ochoa D. Carolina , Van Koeveringe Gommert , Mosiello Giovanni , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Bou Kheir George , Wyndaele Michel , Abrams Paul
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Ketamine, a versatile anesthetic, has seen increased recreational use, leading to significant health issues, including ketamine‐induced uropathy (KIU). KIU manifests with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and can involve the upper urinary tract. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of KIU, addressing its pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options; and to define/identify future research priorities.

Methods

During the 2024 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) in Bristol, a dedicated Proposal (P) convened to explore KIU. This initiative involved a thorough review of existing literature, expert presentations, and consensus‐driven discussions. The methodology ensured a comprehensive exploration of KIU from both clinical and pre‐clinical perspectives, leading to actionable research recommendations.

Results

Understanding the mechanisms of KIU is crucial for developing effective treatment options targeting specific pathophysiological pathways. Key findings include bladder fibrosis driven by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), elevated purinergic responses and upregulated P2X1 purinoceptor expression, decreased barrier function due to increased expression of antiproliferative factor (APF), and functional loss of the bladder through Cav1.2 channel blockade. Research indicates that fibrosis, typically considered irreversible, may be mitigated. However, the exact timing and extent of fibrosis initiation and its impact on long‐term outcomes require further research. LUTS typically improve after ketamine cessation but relapse upon resumption, indicating a hypersensitivity mechanism involving elevated serum IgE levels. Advanced stages of KIU do not always correlate with LUTS severity, shedding light on potential systemic effects and the need for evaluating liver enzymes. Furthermore, psychological dependency on ketamine, due to its positive perceptive and mood‐altering effects, complicates cessation efforts. Long‐term management requires a holistic approach, integrating medical treatments and supportive measures to help patients navigate life with potentially irreversible complications.

Conclusion

This comprehensive review spans from fundamental pathology to practical clinical management, addressing both urological and systemic complications, and bridging insights from animal models to human applications. Developing effective treatment strategies necessitates addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of ketamine dependency.
A Novel and Comprehensive Wellness Assessment for Lifestyle‐Based Interventions
Authors: Ellison Katie M. , Smith Kimberly A. , Fernández José R. , Plaisance Eric P. , Chui Tsz Kiu , Hill James O. , Wyatt Holly R. , Sayer R. Drew
Published: November 2024

Objective

While weight status and clinical laboratory measures are important in assessing obesity‐related disease severity and chronic disease risk, including a broader range of emotional, psychosocial, and behavioral factors would provide greater context of an individual's overall state of wellness and could be used to better guide treatment decisions. The purpose of this research was to develop a comprehensive Lifestyle Wellness assessment for use in lifestyle‐based wellness interventions and programs.

Methods

A cross‐sectional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using baseline data from N = 138 adults participating in behavioral weight loss trials. An unweighted least squares extraction method with oblique rotation was used. Twenty‐one putative measures spanning constructs related to metabolic health, emotional health/wellbeing, body weight and composition, diet quality, and fitness were analyzed for retention.

Results

Mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 ± 6.6 kg/m2, mean age was 57.3 ± 11.1 years, and 77.5% of participants were female. The EFA produced a five‐factor model with 13 items that explained 80.3% of the variance. The retained factors included: (1) Psychosocial State: mindfulness, resilience, quality of life, and happiness; (2) Blood Pressure State: systolic and diastolic blood pressure; (3) Lipid State: total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol; (4) Fitness State: grip strength, jump height, and percent body fat; and (5) Body State: BMI and waist circumference.

Conclusions

Lifestyle Wellness is a comprehensive assessment that enables innovative wellness‐related research such as metabolically healthy obese phenotypes and weight‐neutral interventions. Future research should include investigations in additional populations with greater age, sex/gender, and body size diversity.
AMIGO2 characterizes cancer‐associated fibroblasts in metastatic colon cancer and induces the release of paracrine active tumorigenic secretomes
Authors: Yong Yongsong , Demmler Richard , Zohud Bisan Abdalfatah , Fang Qi , Zhang Tong , Zhou Yonghua , Petter Katja , Flierl Christian , Gass Tobias , Geppert Carol I , Merkel Susanne , Schellerer Vera S , Naschberger Elisabeth , Stürzl Michael
Published: November 2024

Secretomes of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) contribute to malignancy. Detailed knowledge is available on the components and functions of CAF secretomes. Little is known about the regulation of CAF secretomes. Here, we searched for receptor‐like membrane‐bound molecules in CAFs, which may regulate the production and release of tumor‐activating secretomes. The adhesion molecule with Ig‐like domain 2 (AMIGO2) was significantly upregulated in cultivated CAFs compared to normal tissue‐associated fibroblasts (NAFs), and this was confirmed in patient‐derived tissues. AMIGO2 expression was low or absent in healthy colon, significantly increased in fibroblasts of primary CRC, and highest in the stromal tissues of CRC‐derived liver metastases. AMIGO2 expression in CAFs correlated with a higher T‐category, increased lymph node metastasis, progressed tumor stages and was associated with reduced survival in different cohorts of CRC patients. Interestingly, AMIGO2 expression was induced by transforming growth factor‐β and higher in female patients, who exhibit a more aggressive disease course. In functional studies, conditioned media of NAFs with experimentally induced AMIGO2 overexpression enhanced proliferation and migration of different CRC tumor cells, while siRNA‐mediated inhibition of AMIGO2 in CAFs attenuated these effects. Accordingly, therapeutic inhibition of the receptor‐like AMIGO2 protein in CRC CAFs could prevent tumorigenic secretomes in CRC. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Predictors of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment Failure in Persons With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Pettit Rebecca S. , Sakon Coleen M. , Kinney Kaitlyn E. , Brown Cynthia , Gallaway Katherine A. , Wagner Sarah A. , Tillman Emma M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Depression and anxiety are common in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 are well‐established predictors of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) treatment failure yet have not been studied specifically in PwCF. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of SSRI failure in PwCF and to identify factors that predict treatment failure.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of PwCF prescribed an SSRI for depression or anxiety. Potential predictors of SSRI failure were compared between PwCF for SSRI treatment success and failure. When CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic (PGx) test results were available, SSRI selection was compared to appropriateness per Clinical PGx Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline. PGx results were not available at the time of prescribing.

Results

The study included 184 PwCF and 45% experienced SSRI treatment failure. Demographics, concomitant drug‐drug interactions, concomitant antidepressant medications, liver disease, and pulmonary function tests were not different between success and failure groups. Only 44 PwCF had PGx results and of these, only nine had actionable genotypes and prescribed an affected SSRI. This cohort had a failure rate of 78% (7 of 9) which was significantly higher compared to 40% (14 of 35) and 45% (83 of 184) in our PGx cohort and total cohort, respectively (p = 0.04; p = 0.04).

Conclusion

SSRI failure rate in PwCF is high and consistent with rates of the general population. Greater depression severity and number of SSRIs trialed were seen in the failure group. Pre‐emptive PGx testing may improve SSRI success rates in PwCF.