bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educating and promoting athletes’ health protection through infographics on injury and illness prevention during an international competition: a prospective study during the 2024 European Athletics Championships
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Iatropoulos Spyridon , Navarro Laurent , Branco Pedro , Hollander Karsten , Dandrieux Pierre-Eddy
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the feasibility, perceived relevance and usefulness of providing injury and illness prevention information through infographics to athletes and medical teams before and during an international athletics championship, and its potential impact on injury and illness risk during the same championship.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study during the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Roma with (1) dissemination of infographics, (2) data collection on perceived relevance (yes/no) and perceived usefulness (score from 0 to 100) of infographics among athletes and medical teams using an online questionnaire and (3) data collection by medical teams of newly incurred injuries and illnesses among athletes during the championship.

Results

Among the 124 athletes who completed the questionnaire, 35.5% had access to the infographics, of which 86.4% found the information relevant, and their perceived usefulness scores to reduce their risk were 51.8±23.9 (range: 2.9–100.0) for injuries and 50.6±23.0 (range: 0.0–100.0) for illnesses. Among the registered physicians and physiotherapists, 44 replied to the survey, 70.5% had access to the infographics, of which 83.9% found it relevant, and their perceived usefulness scores to reduce risk were 55.6±28.0 (range: 6.0–100.0) for injuries and 52.9±28.0 (range: 0.0–100.0) for illnesses. The logistic regression showed that a higher perceived usefulness score was associated with a lower risk of in-championship injury (OR 0.950; 95% CI 0.877 to 0.996).

Conclusions

Promoting the health protection of athletes through infographics on injury and illness prevention in the context of international athletics championships was feasible and may represent an additional prevention approach.
Targeting epigenetic regulation and post-translational modification with 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine and SUMO E1 inhibition augments T-cell receptor therapy
Authors: Kroonen Jessie S , Wouters Anne K , de Graaf Ilona J , Remst Dennis F G , Kumar Sumit , Wachsmann Tassilo L A , Teunisse Amina F A S , Roelands Jessica P , de Miranda Noel F C C , Griffioen Marieke , Heemskerk Mirjam H M , Vertegaal Alfred C O
Published: September 2024

Background

Cellular immunotherapy using modified T cells offers new avenues for cancer treatment. T-cell receptor (TCR) engineering of CD8 T cells enables these cells to recognize tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific neoantigens. Improving TCR T-cell therapy through increased potency and in vivo persistence will be critical for clinical success.

Methods

We evaluated a novel drug combination to enhance TCR therapy in mouse models for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM).

Results

Combining TCR therapy with the SUMO E1 inhibitor TAK981 and the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine resulted in strong antitumor activity in a persistent manner against two in vivo tumor models of established AML and MM. We uncovered that the drug combination caused strong T-cell proliferation, increased cytokine signaling in T cells, improved persistence of T cells, and reduced differentiation towards exhausted phenotype. Simultaneously the drug combination enhanced immunogenicity of the tumor by increasing HLA and co-stimulation and surprisingly reducing inhibitory ligand expression.

Conclusion

Combining T-cell therapy with TAK981 and 5-Aza-2’ deoxycytidine may be an important step towards improved clinical outcome.
A Conversation with Behnaz Arzani: Shaping the future of network management
Authors: Anjum Bushra
Published: September 2024

In this interview, Ubiquity's senior editor, Bushra Anjum, chats with Behnaz Arzani, a principal researcher at Microsoft Research, about her pioneering work in automated network management. Arzani discusses the challenges of managing large-scale networks, particularly during incidents, and explores the role of AI and heuristics in addressing these challenges. The conversation then moves to her recently open-sourced project, MetaOpt, which helps network operators analyze and improve the impact of various network algorithms in use.
Assembling a physical model helps students grasp human somatosensory pathways
Authors: Morris Jeremy S. , Davis G. R. , Cruze Lori , Moeller John F. , Hettes Stacey R.
Published: September 2024

This model-building activity for learning somatosensory neural pathways increases students’ content knowledge and is an enjoyable way to learn a complex system. This activity adds to an ever-growing collection of evidence-based learning activities for human physiology courses.
Standalone Ni‐Free Electrode for Direct Urea/Urine Real Fuel Cell Operation
Authors: Sayed Enas Taha , Alwadai Norah , Alshatwi Manar
Published: September 2024

Developing cost‐effective, durable anode electrodes is essential for commercializing direct urea fuel cells (FCs). In the current study, standalone copper hydroxide nanograss was grown on the surface of the copper foam at room temperature. The surface morphology, elemental analysis, and crystalline structure were investigated. The prepared materials demonstrated a high activity towards urea electro‐oxidation that increased with increasing urea concentration and slightly decreased at 4 M. The generated current using the modified electrodes is almost twice that obtained using the bare copper foam. The electrodes effectively operated for a prolonged current discharge (15 hr) using 3 M urea with outstanding stability. The morphology of the nanograss was retained even after such a very long time of operation. Moreover, the prepared materials are effectively used for the current generation from real urine with and without pH adjustment. Finally, real FC operation using urine was verified, showing an open circuit voltage of 1 V. The cell was operated for a long time, demonstrating the potential of the prepared electrodes for commercialization to realize simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation from urine and other urea‐contaminated wastewater.
Utility of Orthodontic Braces as Flexible Splint for Stabilizing an Avulsed Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Leidenz J. , Soto Perez Sarah C.
Published: September 2024

Dental avulsion is a traumatic dental injury with complete displacement of the tooth outside the bony socket. Both primary and permanent teeth are predisposed to such traumatic incidents. The most effective treatment in such cases is tooth replantation. Additionally, a short‐term flexible splint is needed to stabilize the avulsed/replanted tooth. This case report describes orthodontic braces as a standardized flexible splint option for the treatment of tooth avulsion. Herein, the case of a 9‐year‐old female patient who presented to a private dental clinic with an avulsed upper left central incisor, 1 h after the accident has occurred. Once the tooth was replanted with all the necessary precautions, orthodontic braces and wire were utilized to stabilize the tooth. Most dental splints are custom‐made, requiring thorough professional knowledge and expertise for their fabrication and placement. The protocol described in this report is aimed at easing tooth stabilization using materials within the scope of a basic dental setup consultation room.
Design and Optimization of Wideband Rectangular‐Framed Pi‐Shaped mmWave Antenna Array for 5G Applications
Authors: Ayalew Lijaddis Getnet , Asmare Fanuel Melak
Published: September 2024

Recent applications like mmWave technologies require antenna characteristics such as high gain and wide bandwidth for smooth operation with high speed. Hence, this paper presents a novel pi‐shaped patch antenna framed within a square structure for mmWave applications at 28 GHz. In the process of designing a four‐element linear‐planar antenna array (LPAA), a thin single antenna element is designed on a 0.275 mm Rogers 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The proposed single‐element antenna provides a gain of 3 dBi at 28 GHz and a wide impedance bandwidth ranging from 22.482 GHz to 40.511 GHz. Then, this proposed structure is transformed into a four‐element LPAA with a compact dimension of 0.263 mm × 18.55 mm × 23.99 mm. To enhance and predict the impedance bandwidth of the proposed LPAA, mathematical modeling using response surface methodology and constrained numerical optimization is applied. In the optimization process of the antenna, independent factors such as substrate height (Hs) and interelement spacing (d) that influence the antenna’s responses such as impedance bandwidth (BW) and operating frequency (Fr) are considered. These factors are varied repeatedly and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST) suite 2019 for preparing the dataset, which is used as an input for mathematical modeling. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to relate the responses with independent factors. Models are validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum parameters determined by applying constrained numerical optimization are substrate height (Hs) and interelement spacing (d) of values 0.263 mm and 5.61 mm, respectively. The optimized LPAA provides a wide bandwidth of 11 GHz and a peak gain of 9.25 dBi. The antenna also gives radiation efficiency of ≥98.5% and VSWR of less than 2 in its operating frequency range. The results included here are simulated using the CST EM solver and validated using the Ansys High‐Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS). The proposed antenna provides high gain and wide bandwidth, which makes it a good candidate for 5G wireless communication applications.
Influence of Specific Heat Capacity Variation with Temperature and Other Important Parameters on the Thermal Reservoir Performance in the Geothermal Doublet System
Authors: Wang Zhuting , Gao Peng , Hu Shengbiao , Wang Yibo , Fang Huihuang , Shi Yizuo , Zhang Chao , Jiang Guangzheng
Published: September 2024

Doublet system has been widely used in the geothermal system heat extraction, which mainly involved the hot groundwater extraction and geothermal water reinjection into the underground thermal reservoir. Many factors can influence the thermal reservoir performance, such as the production or injection mass flow rate, injection fluid temperature, and lateral well spacing. In this study, taking the specific heat capacity varying with the formation temperature, the rock porosity, and permeability variations into consideration, a three‐dimensional thermo‐hydraulic coupled numerical model was established to assess the influence of heat capacity variation with formation temperature and other correlation parameters on the sandstone and carbonate thermal reservoir performance over a period of 40 years. Results show that the influence of specific heat capacity variation on the thermal reservoir performance was less than the rock porosity variation and less than the rock permeability variation. On the other hand, the influence of the above three parameter variations is more significant on the sandstone reservoir than the carbonate formation, in which the specific heat capacity variation hardly made any difference for the carbonate thermal reservoir, but for the sandstone reservoir, the specific heat capacity and its temperature variation can yield a 1.3 K decreasing for the average output temperature and a 0.02 × 107 W decreasing for the average energy production rate over the 40 years. Finally, in this case, the temperature and energy production rate from the production well is higher after considering the rock porosity variation no matter for the sandstone or the carbonate. But the result may be opposite after changing the initial and boundary conditions or parameter selection. The influence of rock permeability variation on the thermal reservoir performance was also studied, which can produce a decreasing 10.1 K for the average output temperature and 0.19 × 107 W for the energy production rate over the 40 years.
Associations Between Brain Structural Connectivity and 1‐Year Demoralization in Breast Cancer: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Liang Mu Zi , Chen Peng , Tang Ying , Liang Yu Yan , Li Shu Han , Hu Guang Yun , Sun Zhe , Yu Yuan Liang , Molassiotis Alex , Knobf M. Tish , Ye Zeng Jie
Published: September 2024

Purposes: This study aims to explore the association between brain structural connectivity and 1‐year demoralization in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods: Patients were enrolled from a multicenter longitudinal program named as Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) between 2017 and 2019. Brain structural connectivity was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at baseline and the demoralization scale II collected self‐report data at baseline and 1 year later. A data‐driven correlational tractography was performed to recognize significant neural pathways associated with the group membership (increased vs. nonincreased demoralization). The incremental prediction values of Quantitative Anisotropy (QA) extracted from the significant white matter tracts against the group membership were evaluated.

Results: 21.2% (N = 31) reported increased 1‐year demoralization. Inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF) was associated with 1‐year demoralization in breast cancer. The incremental prediction values of QAs in net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) ranged from 8.11% to 46.89% and 9.12% to 23.95%, respectively, over the conventional tumor‐nodal metatasis (TNM) staging model.

Conclusion: Anisotropy in IFOF is a potential prediction neuromarker to 1‐year demoralization in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026374
Time Evolution of the Densities of Three Species Interacting in the Same Ecosystem and the Stability Analysis of Steady States for a Reaction–Diffusion PDE Model
Authors: Niyigaba Emmanuel , Banzi Wellars , Touré Hamidou
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the trends of three different species interacting in the same ecosystem. The study is conducted on the ecosystem which consists of a prey S1 and two predators S2 and S3 in such a way that S2 is a predator of S1 and S3 is a predator of both S1 and S2. In addition, S1 and S2 share the same food which is the main food for S1 and the alternative food for S2. A system of three simultaneous nonlinear partial differential equations is used to represent this situation. The local stability of all constant equilibrium points is discussed after showing their feasibility. In addition, a condition for which a coexisting constant equilibrium point is asymptotically globally stable is also investigated. The results showed that the system has eight constant equilibrium points. Five of them are unstable, while the three remaining are asymptotically locally stable under some conditions on the parameters that are involved in the model.
Deleting T
rim33 in Myeloid Cells Improves the Efficiency of Radiotherapy through an IFNβ-Dependent Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Assouvie Anaïs , Gerbé-de-Thoré Marine , Torres Claire , Ménard Véronique , Alfaro Alexia , Deutsch Eric , Mondini Michele , Rousselet Germain
Published: September 2024

Radiotherapy (RT) triggers an immune response that contributes to antitumor effects. Induction of IFNβ is a key event in this immunogenicity of RT. We have previously shown that TRIM33, a chromatin reader, restrains IFNβ expression in Toll-like receptor–activated myeloid cells. In this study, we explored whether deleting Trim33 in myeloid cells might improve the radio-induced immune response and subsequent efficiency of RT. We first established that Trim33−/− bone marrow–derived macrophages showed increased expression of IFNβ in response to direct irradiation, or to treatment with irradiated cancer cells, further supporting our hypothesis. We then tested the efficiency of a single-dose RT in three subcutaneous tumor models and one orthotopic tumor model. In all models, myeloid deletion of Trim33 led to a significantly improved response after RT, leading to a complete and durable response in most of the treated mice bearing orthotopic oral tumors. This effect required the involvement of the type I IFN pathway and the presence of CD8+ T lymphocytes but not NK cells. In addition, cured mice were capable of rejecting a secondary tumor challenge, demonstrating an in situ vaccination effect. We conclude that deleting Trim33 in myeloid cells improves RT efficiency, through a mechanism involving the type I IFN pathway and the immune response. Our work suggests that myeloid Trim33 is a host factor affecting the tumor response to RT, thus representing a new potential therapeutic target for modifying RT responses.
Table 1 from MYC is Sufficient to Generate Mid-Life High-Grade Serous Ovarian and Uterine Serous Carcinomas in a p53-R270H Mouse Model
Authors: Blackman Alexandra , Rees Amy C. , Bowers Robert R. , Jones Christian M. , Vaena Silvia G. , Clark Madison A. , Carter Shelby , Villamor Evan D. , Evans Della , Emanuel Anthony J. , Fullbright George , O’Malley Matthew S. , Carpenter Richard L. , Long David T. , Spruill Laura S. , Romeo Martin J. , Orr Brian C. , Helke Kristi L. , Delaney Joe R.
Published: September 2024

Semiquantitative estimates of IHC staining in moribund mice
Supplementary Table 3 from Claudin-4 Modulates Autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a Mechanism to Regulate Micronuclei
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Rosario Fredrick J. , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Webb Patricia , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: September 2024

Survival statistics of claudin-4 with its interacting partners.
Double Outlet Left Ventricle with Intact Ventricular Septum: A Rare Prenatally Diagnosed Case Report
Authors: Gur Jyoti , Collins Michael P. , Smith Frank , Tague Lauren
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Double outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a rare congenital heart anomaly, and cases of DOLV with an intact ventricular septum are uncommon. To date, only four such cases have been reported in the medical literature. Case Presentation: This report presents a case of prenatally diagnosed DOLV. A fetal echocardiogram at 21 weeks of gestation demonstrated both great arteries, aorta and pulmonary artery, arising from the left ventricle with severely dysplastic tricuspid valve and severe hypoplasia of the right ventricle. Subsequent echocardiograms demonstrated no ventricular septal defect. The patient required balloon atrial septostomy in the first week of life, underwent pulmonary artery banding at 5 weeks of life, and is currently status post-bidirectional Glenn, and is awaiting final Fontan palliation. Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis aided in predicting and guiding postnatal management.
Taxonomic review of genus Gazalina Walker (Thaumetopoeinae: Notodontidae: Lepidoptera) from India
Authors: Amritpal Singh Kaleka  , Gagan Preet Kour Bali  , Navkiran Kaur
Published: September 2024

The taxonomic position of the genus Gazalina Walker remained ambiguous and it continuously reshuffled its position in the family Notodontidae and subfamily Lymantriinae of family Erebidae. The present study has been carried out to elucidate its taxonomic position in accordance with the morphological, molecular, larval, and behavioural characteristics of its species. A detailed account of two species namely Gazalina chrysolopha (Kollar) and Gazalina apsara (Moore), the type species of this genus, has also been given. The CoI sequence of Gazalina chrysolopha (MH795522) and Gazalina apsara (MH790288) from the present study were compared with the available reference sequences in Genbank by using BLAST. Its placement under the subfamily Thaumetopoeinae of the family Notodontidae has been justified.
Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus nyseus (Guérin-Meneville, 1843): an addition to the butterfly fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Upadhaya Roshan , Gogoi Renu , Limbu Ruksha , Kalita Manab Jyoti , Ahmed Rezina
Published: September 2024

Present study reveals a butterfly species Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus nyseus (Guérin-Meneville 1843) for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh as a new addition to the state fauna. This paper will help for more organised and intensive butterfly surveys to understand their status, occurrence, and distribution in the state
Tree community structure of selected green patches of Guwahati, Assam, India with special reference to spatio-temporal changes in vegetation
Authors: Goswami Maitreyee , Jijnyasha Bayan  , Uma Dutta  , Arup Kumar Hazarika  , Kuladip Sarma
Published: September 2024

Green spaces are key aspects of urban ecology. The current study aims to estimate temporal changes in green spaces of Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority, and also to investigate the tree community structure of three selected green patches. Change detection analysis of identified green spaces was done by comparing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps of satellite images from 2022 with those from 1972. NDVI maps were classified into three threshold categories: no vegetation (NV), moderate vegetation (MV), and high vegetation (HV). The results show changes in the area of selected green patches as well as NV, MV, and HV regions between 1972 and 2022. The tree community structure in the three selected patches indicates a low diversity of plant species. The result of the current study prioritizes patch-wise management of urban green spaces in Guwahati city with the help of both remotely sensed and ground data. Thus, the present study can significantly contribute to plant community conservation and management of urban green spaces.
Diversity and distribution pattern of ebony trees Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in the forests of central Western Ghats, India
Authors: Shashwathi H.S. , Krishnamurthy Y.L.
Published: September 2024

Diospyros trees, commonly known as persimmons or ebonies, have high economic and medicinal value. This study presents here a detailed analysis of the diversity and distribution of Diospyros species across 20 sites in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka, encompassing different forest types. Data collected from belt transects were used to calculate species richness and quantitative characters such as frequency, density, abundance, importance value index, basal area cover, and distribution type. Alpha and beta diversity across the different study sites were also determined. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis was performed to study the relationship between forest types and species composition. The results indicate Diospyros montana had the greatest frequency, density, basal area cover, and importance value. Agumbe and Hosagunda areas of Shivamogga district, and Makutta region of Kodagu district, showed rich diversity.
Associations of “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity With Incident Disease and Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Rämö Joel T. , Pirruccello James P. , Churchill Timothy W. , Lubitz Steven A. , Maddah Mahnaz , Guseh J. Sawalla , Ellinor Patrick T. , Khurshid Shaan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Achievement of guideline-recommended levels of physical activity (≥150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) is associated with lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events and represents an important public health priority. Although physical activity commonly follows a “weekend warrior” pattern, in which most moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is concentrated in 1 or 2 days rather than spread more evenly across the week (regular), the effects of physical activity pattern across a range of incident diseases, including cardiometabolic conditions, are unknown.

METHODS:

We tested associations between physical activity pattern and incidence of 678 conditions in 89 573 participants (62±8 years of age; 56% women) of the UK Biobank prospective cohort study who wore an accelerometer for 1 week between June 2013 and December 2015. Models were adjusted for multiple baseline clinical factors, and
P
value thresholds were corrected for multiplicity.

RESULTS:

When compared to inactive (<150 minutes moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week), both weekend warrior (267 total associations; 264 [99%] with lower disease risk; hazard ratio [HR] range, 0.35–0.89) and regular activity (209 associations; 205 [98%] with lower disease risk; HR range, 0.41–0.88) were broadly associated with lower risk of incident disease. The strongest associations were observed for cardiometabolic conditions such as incident hypertension (weekend warrior: HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73–0.80];
P
=1.2×10
-27
; regular: HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.68–0.77];
P
=4.5×10
-28
), diabetes (weekend warrior: HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.51–0.62];
P
=3.9×10
-32
; regular: HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.48–0.60];
P
=8.7×10
-26
), obesity (weekend warrior: HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.50–0.60];
P
=2.4×10
-43
, regular: HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.40–0.50];
P
=9.6×10
-47
), and sleep apnea (weekend warrior: HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.48–0.69];
P
=1.6×10
-9
; regular: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.39–0.62];
P
=7.4×10
-10
). When weekend warrior and regular activity were compared directly, there were no conditions for which effects differed significantly. Observations were similar when activity was thresholded at the sample median (≥230.4 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week).

CONCLUSIONS:

Achievement of measured physical activity volumes consistent with guideline recommendations is associated with lower risk for >200 diseases, with prominent effects on cardiometabolic conditions. Associations appear similar whether physical activity follows a weekend warrior pattern or is spread more evenly throughout the week.
Intergenerational Spillovers of Integration Policies: Evidence from Finland's Integration Plans
Authors: Pesola Hanna , Sarvimäki Matti
Published: September 2024

We examine the intergenerational effects of an integration program that increased language training and improved labor market outcomes of adult immigrants in Finland. Exploiting a discontinuity in the phase-in rule of a reform, we find that parents' participation in the program improved their children's grades by 0.5 standard deviations and extended their educational attainment by over a year. Two decades post-arrival, children of the affected immigrants earned 42% more than their counterparts whose parents narrowly missed the policy's implementation.
Language Barriers, Technology Adoption and Productivity: Evidence from Agriculture in India
Authors: Gupta Apoorv , Ponticelli Jacopo , Tesei Andrea
Published: September 2024

We study the effect of language barriers on the ability of farmers to access information about agricultural technologies in rural areas of India. We use the introduction of government-sponsored call centers (Kisan Call Centers) which offer agricultural advice in the official language of each Indian state. For identification, we compare geographically contiguous areas that sit across state borders, and exploit differences in the language spoken by farmers and call center advisors. We document that language barriers limit the adoption of modern agricultural technologies – such as high-yielding variety seeds – and negatively affect crop yields.
Sparse Trend Estimation
Authors: Crump Richard K. , Gospodinov Nikolay , Wieman Hunter
Published: September 2024

The low-frequency movements of economic variables play a prominent role in policy analysis and decision-making. We develop a robust estimation approach for these slow-moving trend processes which is guided by a judicious choice of priors and is characterized by sparsity. We present novel stylized facts from longer-run survey expectations that inform the structure of the estimation procedure. The general version of the proposed Bayesian estimator with a spike-and-slab prior accounts explicitly for cyclical dynamics. We show that it performs well in simulations against relevant benchmarks and report empirical estimates of trend growth for U.S. output and annual mean temperature.
Persecution and Migrant Self-Selection: Evidence from the Collapse of the Communist Bloc
Authors: Abramitzky Ran , Baseler Travis , Sin Isabelle
Published: September 2024

How does persecution affect who migrates? We analyze migrants' self-selection out of the USSR and its satellite states before and after the collapse of Communism using census microdata. We find that migrants arriving before and around the time of the collapse (who were more likely to have moved because of persecution) were more educated and obtained better labor market outcomes than those arriving later. This change is not fully explained by the removal of Communist-era emigration restrictions. Instead, we show both theoretically and empirically that this pattern is consistent with more positive self-selection of migrants who are motivated by persecution.
Deutsche Kanzleisprache im mittelalterlichen Krakau – eine syntaktisch rückständige Inselsprache?
Authors: Smereka Joanna
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to determine the linguistic status of German in medieval Kraków. In order to do justice to this task, progressive and regressive moments in the syntactic development of German in the medieval Polish capital city of Kraków are compared against linguistic material from Wrocław, which had already been Germanised in the late Middle Ages, with the resulting differences between the two varieties of German and their potential causes being analysed. The corpus texts were selected according to spatio-temporal criteria as well as according to the criterion of text type affiliation. The thesis commonly held in Polish research that the German used in Kraków did not participate in the syntactic developments of German as a whole due to its status as a language enclave is questioned in this study.
A redescription and range extension of Trimeresurus caudornatus Chen, Ding, Vogel & Shi, 2020 (Serpentes: Viperidae)
Authors: NGUYEN TAN VAN , IDIIATULLINA SABIRA S. , OO WIN PAING , LEE JUSTIN L. , POYARKOV NIKOLAY A. , DAVID PATRICK , VOGEL GERNOT
Published: September 2024

The pitviper species Trimeresurus caudornatus was recently described based on only two specimens from Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. Here, we provide additional data on this species based on a re-examination of 19 preserved specimens, 16 specimens reported in earlier literature sources, and additional photo-documented records from northern Myanmar (Burma) and adjacent China. All new specimens were previously identified as Trimeresurus albolabris sensu lato or Trimeresurus septentrionalis sensu lato. Molecular analyses based on mitochondrial DNA supported the morphological findings in establishing conspecificity with T. caudornatus. The newly identified specimens have a pairwise distance of only 0.4–2.6% from those of the type series of T. caudornatus (based on the cytochrome b gene). Based on these findings, we confirm the presence of T. caudornatus from Myanmar and update its diagnostic characters and distribution. We suggest the species should be considered as Least Concern (LC) following the IUCN’s Red List categories. Further studies reassessing the populations of the Trimeresurus albolabris complex are required.
1. Mumbai
Authors: Vyas Devashree
Published: September 2024

In Chapter One, Devashree Vyas analyses the urban development of Mumbai, India, a city originally established on an archipelago of seven islands. Focusing on the typologies of the city’s constituent heritage, the author examines its colonial, post-colonial and contemporary heritages in order to shed light on collective identities in the context of widespread urban development and heritage conservation difficulties.
Numerical Study of Magnetohydrodynamic Forced Convective Nanoliquid Flow Through a Channel with Backward Facing Step and Three Hot Cylinder Blocks
Authors: Miri Rached , Mliki Bouchmel , Ayed Lazhar , AmmarAbbassi Mohamed , Djebali Ridha , Hidouri Ammar
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on nanoliquid (Copper-Water) flow, heat transfer, and the amount of disorder (total entropy generation) within a 2D conduit with a backward-facing step and three hot cylinder blocks. The mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann approach (LBM:BGK model) was used to resolve
the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Attention was concentrated on the impacts of pertinent parameters such as the cylinder blocks diameter (H/4 ≤ D ≤ H), Reynolds number (10 ≤ Re ≤ 200), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50), magnetic
field inclination angle (0° ≤ γM ≤ 90°), and percentage of nanoparticles volume (0%≤ Φ ≤ 4%) on the hydrodynamic and thermal properties, in addition to the value of entropy generation. The acquired results demonstrate that increasing
the diameter of cylindrical blocks fourfold leads to 46% rise in Nuavg and about 25.8% on Sgen for Re = 150. Raising the Reynolds number from 10 to 200 leads to a 54.84% elevation on Nuavg and 45.77% of the value of Sgen
for Ha = 0. The enhancement of the Hartmann number from 0 to 50 decreases the heat transfer in terms of Nuavg by about 2% and increases Sgen by about 81% for Re = 200. Four percent of nanoparticles in liquid, results in an increase of 8.5% on heat
transfer in terms of Nuavg and 8.73% of Sgen for Re = 200. Also, the results indicate that the recirculation zone is directly reduced by increasing the value of volume fraction of nanoparticles and decreasing the Reynolds number. Furthermore, it disappears
when the Hartmann number increases. The magnetic field decreases the heat transfer rate when the conductive mode dominates and enhances it when the convection mode dominates.
Outcomes and Predictors of Inpatient Mortality for Marantic Endocarditis Complicating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Contemporary Nationwide Study From the United States
Authors: Sanaka Krishna , Mathew Joanne , Hoque Asef Raiyan , Xu Bo
Published: September 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are susceptible to marantic endocarditis (ME) due to a hypercoagulable state. The literature regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of ME in SLE patients is limited. All patients ≥18 years who had SLE with and without ME between 2007 and 2019 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample in the United States (US). Predictors of inpatient mortality for SLE patients with ME were analyzed. Between 2007 and 2019, there were 508,818 hospitalizations for SLE, of which 785 (0.2%) had ME. Of SLE patients with ME, 33 (4.2%) died while hospitalized over the study period. On multivariate analysis, female sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence intervals: 24.72 (3.21, 190.27)), age <34 years (aOR: 6.81 (1.80, 25.79)), anemia (aOR: 3.41 (1.12, 10.40)), antiphospholipid syndrome (aOR: 13.50 (3.83, 47.64)), stroke complicating ME (aOR: 9.64 (3.24, 28.71)), and acute kidney injury (aOR: 3.74 (1.06, 13.20)) were all associated with increased inpatient mortality among SLE patients with ME ( P < .05 for all). Between 2007 to 2019, ME occurred in 0.2% of SLE hospitalizations, with a 4.2% average inpatient mortality over the study period. Female sex, antiphospholipid syndrome, and stroke were most strongly associated with increased inpatient mortality.
Criminal Victimization and Agency Attitudes in Mexico
Authors: Dorff Cassy
Published: September 2024

In regions with protracted violence, why do some people view collective resistance as personally agentive relative to other forms of political participation? I argue that victimization experiences shape attitudes about civilian agency. Specifically, individuals who experience direct victimization are most likely to view collective resistance as agentive. To test this, I conceptualize individual-level agency attitudes as a multiform outcome to measure if individuals report that voting, nonviolent organizing or armed organizing is the best way they can personally improve their security. I account for if respondents feel uncertain or apathetic to their situation. In addition, I employ novel measures of victimization to investigate the heterogenous effects of high and low intensity types of victimization, as well as the effects of direct and indirect victimization experiences. Using original survey data from Mexico’s criminal conflict, I find that direct victimization experiences are associated with viewing collective resistance as agentive.
U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency: Benefits and Challenges to Policy Implementation
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A.
Published: September 2024

The next technological disruption in the banking and financial services sector involves the introduction of a central bank digital currency - or a CBDC. What is a CBDC? In the U.S., a CDBC is defined as a digital liability of the U.S. Federal Reserve System that is widely available to the general public. In this article, the benefits of instituting a CBDC in the U.S. will be assessed, followed by the public and private sector challenges of such technology adoption identified and discussed along economic, political, privacy, and security parameters. The final section of the article develops the research agenda, i.e., the questions that need to be addressed in the development of a potential policy framework, charged with ensuring that, if a CBDC is adopted by the U.S. Federal Reserve, there will be an effective public regulation regime implemented that effectively addresses the identified economic, political, privacy, and security concerns.
Artificial Intelligence in Marketing: From Computer Science to Social Science
Authors: Puntoni Stefano
Published: September 2024

This commentary explores the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) for marketing practice and society at large. It reviews recent findings demonstrating the importance of behavioral insights for safe AI deployment. As AI models increasingly demonstrate human-like capabilities, their deployment raises crucial concerns about bias due to unintended interactions between algorithmic and human decision-making. The discussion underscores the importance of incorporating behavioral science perspectives to understand and mitigate AI risks, moving beyond purely technical solutions.
Certifiably optimal rotation and pose estimation based on the Cayley map
Authors: Barfoot Timothy D. , Holmes Connor , Dümbgen Frederike
Published: September 2024

We present novel, convex relaxations for rotation and pose estimation problems that can a posteriori guarantee global optimality for practical measurement noise levels. Some such relaxations exist in the literature for specific problem setups that assume the matrix von Mises-Fisher distribution (a.k.a., matrix Langevin distribution or chordal distance) for isotropic rotational uncertainty. However, another common way to represent uncertainty for rotations and poses is to define anisotropic noise in the associated Lie algebra. Starting from a noise model based on the Cayley map, we define our estimation problems, convert them to Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programs (QCQPs), then relax them to Semidefinite Programs (SDPs), which can be solved using standard interior-point optimization methods; global optimality follows from Lagrangian strong duality. We first show how to carry out basic rotation and pose averaging. We then turn to the more complex problem of trajectory estimation, which involves many pose variables with both individual and inter-pose measurements (or motion priors). Our contribution is to formulate SDP relaxations for all these problems based on the Cayley map (including the identification of redundant constraints) and to show them working in practical settings. We hope our results can add to the catalogue of useful estimation problems whose solutions can be a posteriori guaranteed to be globally optimal.
Punching holes in history
Authors: Vallelly Neil
Published: September 2024

This article introduces an exchange forum on Quinn Slobodian’s Crack-Up Capitalism: Market Radicals and the Dream of a World Without Democracy (2023). The book centres the ‘zone’ in a story about the fragmentation of global space, in which the zone works by ‘punching holes in the territory of the nation-state, creating zones of exception with different laws and no democratic oversight’. Crack-Up Capitalism not only builds on the arguments made by Slobodian in Globalists: The End of Empire the Birth of Neoliberalism, but it also asks to re-evaluate broadly accepted historical narratives about globalisation since the early 1990s.
Standard versus Low-Level Anticoagulation Combined to Low-Dose Dipyridamole after mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Hassouna A. , Allam H. , Awad A. , Hassaballah F.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Although the addition of 300 mg dipyridamole to oral anticoagulants has been shown to decrease thromboembolic events after cardiac valve replacement, reports of combined therapy were few and some showed significant dipyridamote-related side effects and intolerance. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effect of a standard monotherapy (targeting an international normalized ratio — INR — between 2.5 and 3.5) to a less intensive regimen (targeting an INR between 2 and 2.5) combined to a small dose of dipyridamole (225 mg/day).

Methods:

Between January 1990 and December 1998, 486 young rheumatic patients with a St Jude mitral valve prosthesis were assigned to follow either standard monotherapy (294 patients) or low-level combined therapy (192 patients). Phenindione has been the anticoagulant of choice. Up to a maximum daily dose of 100 mg, patients failing to achieve their target INR range were shifted to warfarin therapy. Prothrombin time was checked monthly and asymptomatic patients with a too low or a too high INR (< 1.3 or > 5) were briefly hospitalized for INR control. Complete blood picture, renal and hepatic profiles and full echocardiographic study were done biannually.

Results:

With the exception of a significantly larger left atrium in patients on low-level combined therapy ( P = 0.001), both groups were comparable as regards to age and sex distribution, number of patients with atrial fibrillation, left atrial thrombus and history of stroke. Patients were monitored for 1712.6 pt yr and follow-up was 96.7% complete. No phenindione-related complications were observed (mean dose 62.3 ± 21.4 mg), 20 patients (4.1%) had failed to achieve their target INR range and were switched to warfarin and only three patients (1.6%) had tolerable dipyridamole-related side effects. Compared to standard monotherapy, patients on low-level combined therapy showed significantly lower annualized rates: thromboembolism (1.6 vs 0.43%: risk reduction 71%; p = 0.05), thromboembolism and hemorrhage (2.7 vs 0.7%: risk reduction 72%; P = 0.005), death due to valve thrombosis or stroke (1.17 vs 0.14%: risk reduction 81%; P = 0.04) as well as both non-fatal (3.3 vs 1.57%: risk reduction 51%; P= 0.04) and total late postoperative complications (5.35 vs 3.14%: risk reduction 40%; P = 0.04); respectively. However, total late mortality (32 patients; 1.8% per pt yr) was comparable among both groups.

Conclusion:

Low-level anticoagulation with phenindione combined to low dosage of dipyridamole was clinically more effective than the higher standard monotherapy. With respect to the prescribed doses, both drugs were well tolerated by almost all patients. Use of dipyridamole did not influence overall patients’ survival.
Unique Aspects of Anticipated Shipboard Vascular Trauma
Authors: Sturtz D. L. , Rhee P. M. , Rich N. M.
Published: September 2024

This article mentions notable historical examples of vascular injuries that occur at sea. It traces the development of modern ships and the concomitant capability to provide medical care to the/personnel who go in harm's way on these ships. The importance of vascular surgery training for the general surgeon assigned to sea duty is stressed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Routine Carotid Endarterectomy without a Shunt, Even in the Presence of a Contralateral Occlusion
Authors: Samson R. H. , Showalter D. P. , Yunis J. P.
Published: September 2024

A 10-year prospective experience with routine non-shunting, even in the presence of a contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion, is reviewed.

Method and results:

Carotid endarterectomy was performed without a shunt in 654 consecutive patients: group I, 513 patients with contralateral stenosis of less than 79%; group II, 74 patients with a greater than 80% contralateral stenosis; and group III, 67 patients with a contralateral occlusion. Average cross-clamp time was 23 min. Neurological complications occurred within 30 days in 20 (3.0%) patients (10 strokes, seven transient ischemic attacks in group I, one transient ischemic attack in group II, and one stroke and one transient ischemic attack in group III). Immediate postoperative strokes, i.e. those five cases that could be implicated as caused by lack of a shunt, were rare (0.76%). There were five perioperative deaths (0.76%).

Conclusion:

Carotid endarterectomy may be performed safely without a shunt even in the presence of a contralateral occlusion. Age, sex, preoperative indication, anesthetic agent and contralateral stenosis were not associated with an increased risk of postoperative neurological deficit.
Combined Carotid and Cardiac Procedures: Improved Results and Surgical Approach
Authors: Donatelli F. , Pelenghi S. , Pocar M. , Moneta A. , Grossi A.
Published: September 2024

Severe cerebrovascular complications following cardiac surgical procedures remain a major concern, particularly in patients with significant carotid atherosclerotic involvement (14% of perioperative stroke). Operative mortality for carotid operations in patients with documented Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) may be as high as 20%. Seventy patients underwent combined operations (unilateral carotid stenosis > 70%, unilateral stenosis > 50% with ulcerated plaque or bilateral stenoses > 50%; and this also included patients with unilateral occlusion). Cardiac procedures were 69 coronary artery bypass grafts, four left ventricular aneurysmectomies, three aortic valve replacements and surgery on two mitral valves. Seven perioperative deaths occurred, which were all caused by cardiac events. There were no perioperative strokes. Carotid endarterectomy immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe and expeditious approach to coexisting significant cardiac and carotid disease. In our experience, technical details in monitoring and minimizing cerebral ischemia are possibly more crucial in these severe vasculopathic patients. Moreover, it is probably advantageous from an economic standpoint compared with other therapeutic treatments.