bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcomes of Retinoblastoma in China
Authors: Tan Roland Joseph D.
Published: April 2022

Background This review determined clinical features and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma patients in China, which ranks second in incidence globally and is among the countries listed to produce 4,000 new cases of the estimated world's retinoblastoma cases in 2023.

Methods A search was done using different databases for literatures on retinoblastoma in China published from 2010 to 2020. The articles were then reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and outcomes.

Results Ten articles that included 3,702 patients involving ∼4,412 eyes seen in China from 1957 to 2019 were analyzed. Median age at consult ranged from 18 to 30 months and mean lag of consultation was 4 to 6 months. More males were affected (58%). Seventy-nine percent had unilateral disease. Retinoblastoma was assumed intraocular in 4,123(89%) eyes with ≥996(22%) belonging to group E of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification/International Classification of Retinoblastoma. Extraocular extension was present in 415 (9%) eyes with 845 patients having direct extraocular extension, while 54 had distant metastasis. Enucleation was the most used treatment procedure specially in unilateral disease done in at least 2,781 (74%) eyes. Median follow-up period ranged from 14 to 47 months. Functional vision was retained in 48 (2%) eyes. Globe salvage rate for group A to D eyes ranged from 56 to 100%. Highest globe salvage rate for group D was 87% and 70% for group E. Overall survival rate was 1,655/1898 (87%), ranging from 81 to 100%. Overall mortality was 4%.

Discussion Clinical profile and management options for retinoblastoma in China changed overtime improving outcomes. Globe salvage and survival rate were high for those with intraocular disease.
Digital Mapping of a Massive Skull-Base Ameloblastoma with Intracranial Extension, Resection, and Reconstruction Using 3D Templates and Molds: Descriptive Case Report and Review
Authors: Shetty Vikram , Sharma Neha , Boootwala Fatema
Published: April 2022

Radical surgery is the mainstay for the treatment of recurrent ameloblastomas; however, it leads to large, complex defects. In this case report, we present an innovative technique of digitally aided resection and reconstruction. A massive histologically confirmed acanthomatous ameloblastoma of the skull-base was digitally mapped with the help of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography and a custom resection template was fabricated. Digital resection of the skull-base tumor with intracranial extension was done virtually and the resultant defect was reconstructed to create an anatomical replica of the contralateral unaffected side. The tumor was successfully resected with adequate margins guided by the resection template to avoid injury to adjacent vital structures. Subsequent reconstruction was performed by first adapting polymethyl methacrylate bone cement into a series of custom-made 3D molds. Once set, this bone cement served as a reconstructive implant to bridge the ablative defect. The implant offered a precise fit and was secured to healthy adjacent bone using titanium microplates. We present a 6-month follow-up of the case with satisfactory aesthetic results. 3D printing technology has the potential to revolutionize the arena of craniofacial resection with excellent cosmesis and no donor site morbidity if applied appropriately as described here.
Brownian bridges for stochastic chemical processes—An approximation method based on the asymptotic behavior of the backward Fokker–Planck equation
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Venkatesh Anirudh , Ramkrishna Doraiswami , Narsimhan Vivek
Published: April 2022

A Brownian bridge is a continuous random walk conditioned to end in a given region by adding an effective drift to guide paths toward the desired region of phase space. This idea has many applications in chemical science where one wants to control the endpoint of a stochastic process—e.g., polymer physics, chemical reaction pathways, heat/mass transfer, and Brownian dynamics simulations. Despite its broad applicability, the biggest limitation of the Brownian bridge technique is that it is often difficult to determine the effective drift as it comes from a solution of a Backward Fokker–Planck (BFP) equation that is infeasible to compute for complex or high-dimensional systems. This paper introduces a fast approximation method to generate a Brownian bridge process without solving the BFP equation explicitly. Specifically, this paper uses the asymptotic properties of the BFP equation to generate an approximate drift and determine ways to correct (i.e., re-weight) any errors incurred from this approximation. Because such a procedure avoids the solution of the BFP equation, we show that it drastically accelerates the generation of conditioned random walks. We also show that this approach offers reasonable improvement compared to other sampling approaches using simple bias potentials.
Reduction of depolarization field effect on ferroelectric switching process in semiconductor–relaxor ferroelectric composite
Authors: Pradhan Lagen Kumar , Mallick Jyotirekha , Shukla Anant , Manglam Murli Kumar , Kumar Pawan , Kour Paramjit , Kar Manoranjan
Published: April 2022

Temperature-dependent dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis of semiconductor–relaxor ferroelectric (0–3) type composite {0.30(ZnO)–0.70[(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BNBTO)]} has been investigated using polarization–electric field (P–E) loops, current density–electric field (J–E) curves, and temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity. It is well known that the polarization reversal mechanism can be explained by the concept of ferroelectric domain switching kinetics, which depends strongly on the temperature. The present work ascribes the role of polar nanoregion induced thermal depolarization field on the temperature-dependent ferroelectric hysteresis loop along with polarization reversal mechanism. The present composite exhibits unique ferroelectric switching behavior above the thermal depolarization temperature (∼100 °C), which is observed in P–E and J–E loops. The depolarization field-induced pinched P–E loops of a BNBTO solid solution above Td (∼100 °C) have been significantly overcome by the incorporation of semiconductor (ZnO) particles, which extensively described the underlying mechanism in the present context. In addition, the temperature-dependent polarization reversal mechanism displays unique two-stage processes [low-T (<100 °C) and high-T (>100 °C)] for the minor loops (∼30 and 40 kV) and saturated loops (∼45 kV) as described by the electric field–temperature phase diagram. The present results may provide a distinct way to Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based solid solutions for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.
Spatiotemporal nonlinear evolution of the laser pulse and turbulence generation in laser produced plasmas
Authors: Singh Indraj , Gupta P. K. , Uma R. , Sharma R. P.
Published: April 2022

This study presents a model to understand the behavior of the turbulence generated in the magnetic field of mega gauss order during high-intensity laser interaction with magnetized plasma. The modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation is developed by contemplating the effect of the group velocity dispersion, diffraction, and nonlinearity induced by the relativistic variation of electron mass and the nonlinear ponderomotive force. Numerical simulation is carried out to solve the dimensionless MNLS equation. The simulation results show the generation of the solitary wave type coherent structures in the nonlinear spatiotemporal evolution of the laser pulse at the early stage, but subsequent turbulence generation has also been observed. The ensemble-averaged turbulent power spectrum has been studied and the power-law scaling is approximately ∼ k−1.85(a solid red line of scaling k−1.85 is given for reference). To get insight into the spatiotemporal nonlinear development of the laser pulse, while propagating in the plasma medium, a semi-analytical model has also been presented. The present study could be substantial in replicating astrophysical scenarios by laboratory simulations along with understanding the underlying quintessential physics of magnetic turbulence.
High-frequency traveling-wave phononic cavity with sub-micron wavelength
Authors: Xu Xin-Biao , Wang Jia-Qi , Yang Yuan-Hao , Wang Weiting , Zhang Yan-Lei , Wang Bao-Zhen , Dong Chun-Hua , Sun Luyan , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling
Published: April 2022

Thin-film gallium nitride (GaN) is a promising platform for phononic integrated circuits that hold great potential for scalable information processing processors. Here, an unsuspended traveling phononic resonator based on a high-acoustic-index-contrast mechanism is realized in GaN-on-Sapphire with a frequency up to 5 GHz, which matches the typical superconducting qubit frequency. A sixfold increment in quality factor is found when temperature decreases from room temperature (Q = 5000) to 7 K (Q = 30 000), and thus, a frequency-quality factor product of 1.5×1014 is obtained. Higher quality factors should be available when the fabrication process is further optimized. Our system shows great potential in hybrid quantum devices via the so-called circuit quantum acoustodynamics.
Conditional radiation tolerance of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film under 60Co gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Namkung Jin , Song Myeong Seop , Lee Kyu Cheol , Lee Kyoungjun , Cho Jung Woo , Chae Seung Chul
Published: April 2022

We report the effect of 60Co gamma-ray irradiation on the ferroelectric properties of metal–ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2–metal thin film structures. The pristine Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films showed strong radiation tolerance against gamma-rays with stable remanant polarization values. When Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films were exposed to electric field cycling, or “wake-up” process, prior to irradiation, however, their ferroelectricity demonstrated a clear degradation of remanant polarization and coercive voltage shift of the hysteresis curves. The analysis of ferroelectric switching dynamics revealed faster polarization switching with broadening of Lorentzian distribution of characteristic switching time for higher radiation doses, which is contrary to the wake-up behavior. The relationship between the wake-up process and gamma-ray irradiation on the stability of ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films was discussed in light of domain alignment and defect mechanisms, considering both the redistribution and trapping of defect charges.
High dielectric response in dilute nanocomposites via hierarchical tailored polymer nanostructures
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Qiyan , Liu Ziyu , Sun Yifei , Zhang Q. M.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a hierarchically designed polymer nanocomposite approach in which nanofillers at ultralow volume loading generate large dielectric enhancement in blends of high temperature dielectric polymers with tailored nanostructures. We blend poly(1,4-phenylenen ether sulfone) (PES) with polymers, such as polyetherimide (PEI), that possess more coiled chain conformations to tailor polymer nano-morphologies. Making use of such blends as the matrix, dilute nanocomposites with 0.65 vol. % loading of alumina nanoparticles (20 nm size) generate a marked enhancement in dielectric performance, i.e., raising the dielectric constant K from PES K = 3.9 (and PEI K = 3.2) to the dilute nanocomposites K = 7.6, a much higher enhancement compared with the dilute nanocomposites employing neat polymers as the matrix. The results show that polymer blends with tailored nano-morphologies as the matrix can lead to higher dielectric enhancement in dilute nanocomposites compared with neat polymers as the matrix.
Efficient force field and energy emulation through partition of permutationally equivalent atoms
Authors: Li Hao , Zhou Musen , Sebastian Jessalyn , Wu Jianzhong , Gu Mengyang
Published: April 2022

Gaussian process (GP) emulator has been used as a surrogate model for predicting force field and molecular potential, to overcome the computational bottleneck of ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Integrating both atomic force and energy in predictions was found to be more accurate than using energy alone, yet it requires O((NM)3) computational operations for computing the likelihood function and making predictions, where N is the number of atoms and M is the number of simulated configurations in the training sample due to the inversion of a large covariance matrix. The high computational cost limits its applications to the simulation of small molecules. The computational challenge of using both gradient information and function values in GPs was recently noticed in machine learning communities, whereas conventional approximation methods may not work well. Here, we introduce a new approach, the atomized force field model, that integrates both force and energy in the emulator with many fewer computational operations. The drastic reduction in computation is achieved by utilizing the naturally sparse covariance structure that satisfies the constraints of the energy conservation and permutation symmetry of atoms. The efficient machine learning algorithm extends the limits of its applications on larger molecules under the same computational budget, with nearly no loss of predictive accuracy. Furthermore, our approach contains an uncertainty assessment of predictions of atomic forces and energies, useful for developing a sequential design over the chemical input space.
Otto Jespersen, one more broken leg in the historical stool of generative linguistics
Authors: Lorenzo Guillermo
Published: April 2022

Over the years, Noam Chomsky has constructed a historiographic narrative according to which Generative Grammar is the outcome of a mix comprising the early awareness of creativity by Galileo, the Cartesians, and Humboldt, the formalization of recursive functions by computational theorists, and an incipient internalist ‘language’ concept notably foreshadowed by Otto Jespersen. This paper tries to show that the latter ingredient is to be removed from the historical recipe for Chomskyan linguistics. More specifically, the paper claims that the almost ritual repetition of the name of the Danish linguist belongs to a component of the generativist rhetoric that is ‘non-rational’. Such a component is part and parcel of most ground-breaking theories.
Implicit narratives and narrative agency
Authors: Meretoja Hanna
Published: April 2022

This article proposes the concept of implicit narrative as an analytic tool that helps to articulate how cultural models of narrative sense-making steer us to certain patterns of experience, discourse, and interaction, and the concept of narrative agency as an analytic tool for theorizing and evaluating the processes in which we navigate our narrative environments, which consist of a range of implicit narratives. As a touchstone for developing these theoretical concepts, which serve not only narrative studies but also overlapping fields such as memory studies and cultural studies, the article analyzes the implicit cultural narrative that has most strongly dominated public discourse on the coronavirus pandemic: the narrative of war. Thereby, the article also contributes to the analysis of pandemic storytelling and its effects on us, as the cultural memory of the pandemic is currently taking shape and affecting our orientation to the future.
Review on crystal structures and magnetic properties of RTX
3 materials
Authors: Rai Binod K , O’Rourke Patrick , Roy Utpal N
Published: April 2022

The structural and compositional diversity of the RTX
3 family of materials offers various magnetic and thermodynamic properties such as complex magnetic structure, vibronic bound states, heavy-fermions, valence fluctuations, metamagnetism, spin glass behavior, quantum criticality, and unconventional superconductivity. Here we present an overview of the crystal structures, crystal growth and magnetic properties of RTX
3 compounds as well as a discussion of the relevant physics. The magnetic properties of several compounds of the RTX
3 family still remain unexplored. The compounds with a complex magnetic structure could potentially host exotic topological phases. This review article may help explore exotic magnetic properties such as the vibron state and topological spin textures.
Gas sensing behavior of metal-catecholates based MOFs
Authors: Jha Ravindra Kumar , Murali Meenu , Bhat Navakanta
Published: April 2022

We report on the usability aspect of triphenylene ligand-based metal–organic frameworks (MOF) as the potential gas sensing element in chemiresistive devices. Among various possibilities, we explored mono-metallic (Nickel-based) and bi-metallic (Nickel and copper-based) in room temperature gas sensing. Our investigations suggest that the chemiresistive device based on nickel catecholate MOFs were highly sensitive to ethyl alcohol gas in the concentration range of 5–100 ppm with decent sensing parameters such as response time, recovery time, repeatability, stability, etc. We also investigated bimetallic (Nickel and copper) catecholate based MOFs in gas sensing with different metallic content ratios (Cu: Ni:: 60:40 and 40:60). We found that the 1D Cu0.6Ni0.4-CAT nanostructures-based gas sensor to be selective towards H2 gas (0.2–7 ppm) at room temperature. We further explored the gas sensing abilities of Cu0.4Ni0.6-CAT based devices, and we found them to be selective towards NO2 gas. However, it was not possible to obtain the current versus concentration curve due to the gas molecules’ aggressive chemisorption. However, the device could perform well (with a hysteresis error of ∼10%) for detecting NO gas (which has the 2nd best absolute response after NO2). These results indicate that the ratio of metal ions in the MOF directly influences the sensing capabilities. Hence, rational synthetic variations in the metal content in MOF can lead to the design and develop highly selective and sensitive chemiresistive sensors.
The inverse scattering transform for weak Wigner–von Neumann type potentials
*
Authors: Grudsky Sergei , Rybkin Alexei
Published: April 2022

In the context of the Cauchy problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation we extend the inverse scattering transform to initial data that behave at plus infinity like a sum of Wigner–von Neumann type potentials with small coupling constants. Our arguments are based on the theory of Hankel operators.
Enhanced light extraction efficiency of UV LEDs by encapsulation with UV-transparent silicone resin
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Guttmann Martin , Lobo-Ploch Neysha , Gindele Frank , Susilo Norman , Knauer Arne , Kolbe Tim , Raß Jens , Hagedorn Sylvia , Cho Hyun Kyong , Hilbrich Katrin , Feneberg Martin , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Einfeldt Sven , Wernicke Tim , Weyers Markus , Kneissl Michael
Published: April 2022

Increase of light extraction efficiency (LEE) and total output power of UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 265 and 310 nm, respectively, after encapsulation with a UV-transparent silicone are studied. Raytracing simulations suggest that a properly placed hemispherical encapsulation with a refractive index in the range from 1.4 to 1.8 enhances the LEE from 8% to up to 16% for flip-chip mounted UV LEDs with non-reflective metal contacts. The simulations also show that the absorption coefficient of the encapsulant determines the maximum LEE and optimum dome diameter and that it should be below 3 cm−1. The silicone encapsulant exhibits a refractive index of 1.47 (1.45) and an absorption coefficient of 1.3 cm−1 (0.47 cm−1) at 265 nm (310 nm). AlGaN/sapphire-based UVC and UVB LED chips were flip-chip mounted on planar AlN ceramic packages and encapsulated with a 1.5 mm-radius hemispherical silicone dome. The total output power at an operation current of 350 mA increased from 27 to 46 mW for 265 nm LEDs and from 45 to 78 mW for 310 nm LEDs. This corresponds to an enhancement of about 70%, which agrees with the simulations. Moreover, far-field measurements of encapsulated LEDs showed a narrowing of the emission cone.
Thermal and electrical design of superconducting demonstrator for magnetic density separation
Authors: Kosse J J , Wessel W A J , Zhou C , Dhallé M , Tomás G , Krooshoop H J G , ter Brake H J M , ten Kate H H J
Published: April 2022

In this paper the focus is on thermal and electrical design aspects of a NbTi-based demonstrator magnet for magnetic density separation (MDS) that is being constructed at the University of Twente. MDS is a recycling technology that allows the separation of non-magnetic particles based on their mass density, using a vertical magnetic field gradient and a ferrofluid. To minimize the distance between the planar array of racetrack coils and the ferrofluid bath, the system is conduction-cooled. First the thermal design is presented, which shows that the coils can operate below 4.5 K with sufficient margin using a single cryocooler. High-purity aluminium heat drains enable a low thermal gradient across the cold mass. The current path is introduced, as well as the adopted protection scheme. The magnet’s stored energy can safely be dumped in the coils. Diodes are placed (anti-)parallel to the coils in the cold to prevent high terminal voltages. In the case of a quench in the superconducting part of the current leads or an external anomaly, a switch is opened and the current is forced through a resistor in series with the diodes, causing a deliberate transition of the coils to the normal state and thus a fast ramp-down.
Numerical analysis and experiment of critical current of a preliminary CICC model made from quasi-isotropic strands
Authors: Nie Yang , Wang Yinshun , Zhang Guangyi , Wang Jian , Liu Wei , Wang Lecheng , Huang Zhenghao
Published: April 2022

The rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape has a good development prospect in the application of large high field magnets at low temperatures because of its high critical current density and excellent mechanical and electro-magnetic properties. In recent years, some superconducting conductors based on REBCO tapes have been proposed, such as cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) designed based on TSTC and CORC. In this paper, a type of preliminary CICC model is proposed and fabricated based on the quasi-isotropic strand. The critical current characteristics of the model and the contact resistance of copper terminals are analysed, respectively. Firstly, the critical current of a partially-filled superconducting CICC is calculated by self-consistent model at 77 K/self-field. Then, a preliminary CICC experimental sample is made and tested to measure its critical current. Finally, the critical current of a full-size superconducting CICC under different magnetic induction intensities and external magnetic field orientations at 77 K and 4.2 K are also calculated, respectively. The results provide another CICC candidate for the application of large high field magnet in the future.
Multiband Emission Properties of 1ES 1959+650
Authors: Li Huai-Zhen , Qin Long-Hua , Gao Quan-Gui , Yi Ting-Feng , Gong Yun-Lu , Guo Di-Fu , Jiang Yun-Guo , Lu Fang-Wu , Ma Ju , Ren Ji-Yang , Liu Ya-Li
Published: April 2022

We have systemically studied the properties of 1ES 1959+650, specifically its multiband variability and emission mechanisms. We carefully analyze multiband variability properties by four different kinds of trusted approaches. In contrast with previous research and thanks to our more detailed data, we find that an unprecedented significant quasi-periodic component with timescale

P
=

266.2

−
7.2

+
7.5

in the optical R band indeed exists. We suggest that this light curve may result from accretion flow instabilities. Further, among the multiband spectra, we find no significant correlation between different bands, which implies that the physical origin of the dominant radiation for different bands is not the same. Motivated by these results, we go on further to study the radiation mechanisms based on quasi-simultaneous spectra. Here, a model that self-consistently involves protons, electrons, and photons is used to study the light curve and interpret the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 1959+650. Considering the variability properties and model calculation, we suggest that the variation of the cutoff energy of electrons and protons may dominate the variability of X-ray and γ-ray bands in 1ES 1959+650.
Planet Patrol: Vetting Transiting Exoplanet Candidates with Citizen Science
Authors: Kostov Veselin B. , Kuchner Marc J. , Cacciapuoti Luca , Acharya Sovan , Ahlers John P. , Andrés-Carcasona Marc , Brande Jonathan , de Lima Lucas T. , Di Fraia Marco Z. , Fornear Aline U. , Gallo Francesco , Hyogo Michiharu , Ienco Riccardo M. , de Lambilly Julien S. , Luca Hugo A. D. , Quintana Elisa , Salik Ryan , Yablonsky John M.
Published: April 2022

NASA’s TESS mission yields light curves for tens of millions of stars spread across the entire sky, a data set that will be a challenge to fully exploit without help from citizen scientists. To address this, we launched a new citizen science project, called “Planet Patrol”, designed to analyze TESS data on exoplanet and eclipsing binary candidates. The project will also serve to benchmark different data reduction pipelines and help analyze unusual light curves that might defeat automated algorithms. The first stage of the project ran on the Zooniverse platform between 2020 September and November and involved more than 5500 registered volunteers. The Planet Patrol citizen scientists produced nearly 400,000 classifications of difference images used for photocenter analysis of about 1000 planet candidates from TESS. The results were incorporated into the photocenter module of the Discovery And Vetting of Exoplanets (DAVE) pipeline to improve its reliability. Specifically, the classifications indicated that all per-transit difference images are appropriate for photocenter analysis for about 40% of the planet candidates, and the corresponding measurements are sound. In contrast, the volunteers found that all per-transit difference images are dominated by astrophysical contamination and/or systematic effects for about 10% of the planet candidates. This indicated that the corresponding photocenter measurements are unreliable. Finally, the fraction of images appropriate for photocenter analysis varies between 0 and 1 for half the candidates. Removing the images classified as poor from DAVE’s analysis of most of these candidates helped reduce the corresponding photocenter uncertainty by up to ∼30%. We plan to implement the output from another module of DAVE, designed for lightcurve vetting, into a second stage of the Planet Patrol project.
Review-Heat Transfer Inside Cavity Flows Trends
Authors: Jabado Abdul Hamid , Assoum Hassan H , Hammoud Ali , Meraim Kamel Abed , Sakout Anas , El Hassan Mouhammad
Published: April 2022

The complex cavity flow represented by the feedback mechanism and self-sustained oscillations of cavity shear layer are widely investigated in various publications either through analysing the aero-acoustic phenomenon occurring and its control or through examining the heat transfer mechanism in such a flow. Boundary layer separation, turbulence, unsteadiness, recirculation and reattachment complicate the flow phenomena at the cavity and may lead to substantial effects on heat transfer. Besides, in order to enhance the heat transfer in some applications, cavity flow was introduced, and thus the importance of understanding the cavity flow structure and its relation with heat transfer has become vital, where such a phenomenon occurs in many engineering applications. This paper presents a literature review on the studies that focus on examining heat transfer in cavity flow, by evaluating the effect of cavity geometry and inlet flow field on heat transfer at different cavity regions.
Effect of Perform-Achieve-Trade Cycle-II: Study of the Indian Cement Industry
Authors: Oak Hena
Published: April 2022

Industrial sector is the largest consumer of fossil fuels in India. Dependence on fossil fuels also increases carbon dioxide emissions. In order to steer the industrial sector towards a more efficient use of energy resources, Government of India and Bureau of Energy Efficiency launched the Perform-Achieve-Trade scheme to improve energy efficiency of select high energy consuming industries. From each of these industries, on the basis of their energy consumption, a set of plants were selected for implementation of the scheme. PAT has multiple cycles of implementation. This paper analyses the effect of PAT Cycle-II on the energy intensity of the cement industry for a sample period of 2004-05 to 2020-21, along with the effect of other control variables like gross fixed assets, R&D expenditure, imports, and FDI. Results show that in its second phase PAT has had a significant impact in reducing energy intensity of designated cement firms. The paper also estimates the amount of energy saved by the cement industry, and the fall in CO2 emissions thereof. It has helped to achieve an energy saving of 3.964 Mtoe, and the concomitant fall in CO2 emissions of 15.608 MtCO2.
Application Prospect of Solar Water Heating System with Seasonal Thermal Storage in Rural Area of Northern China
Authors: Cheng Zhengran
Published: April 2022

In the past few decades, the traditional method of coal-fired heating in rural area of northern China has been exposed many environmental problems. Therefore, as a kind of clean and renewable energy, solar resource has attracted more and more attention. To ensure long-term domestic heating requirement in the countryside, seasonal thermal storage was developed to overcome seasonal variability, the main drawback of solar energy. However, the application prospect of this technology in rural area of northern China still remains to be discussion. This study selected six identical country seats (with 1800m 2 heating area) in Beijing as the model, and from three aspects of climate condition, thermal performance, economic and environmental impact, analyzed the application conditions of solar water heating system with seasonal thermal storage in space heating and domestic hot water. The results show that with 420m 2 solar collectors and 905m 3 seasonal storage tank, the proposed system can meet most demand of space heating and domestic hot water for six buildings, and its equivalent annual cost is acceptable compared to other heating systems despite high one-time cost may become the main problem of its advancement in the countryside of northern China.
Energy Generation Intensity (EGI) for Parabolic Dish/Engine Concentrated Solar Power in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Marzouk Osama A
Published: April 2022

In this work, the electric energy generation from a parabolic dish/engine array of 16 dish/engine units is estimated using the simulation tool Energy3D. This array represents one of the concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies, and its performance was assessed assuming that it operates in Muscat, the capital of the Sultanate of Oman. The dishes are identical, having a rim radius of 4 m and a focal length of 3 m. Each dish is perfectly tracking the sun’s position, while mounted over a pole with a height of 4 m. The dishes have a spacing of 10.9 m in the West-East direction, and a spacing of 11.9 m in the South-North direction. With a set thermal efficiency of 35%, optical efficiency of 70%, mirror reflectance of 90%, and receiver absorptance of 95%, the electric annual output from the array was predicted to be 26.3 MWh. With a foundation area of 2,024 m 2, this gives an energy generation intensity (EGI) of 13.0 kWh/year/m 2. The electricity generation in each of the 12 months of the year was also predicted, and was found to vary from 30.4 Wh/day/m 2 in February to 42.2 Wh/day/m 2 in May, leading to a favourable seasonality index of 1.39.
Market Options for Energy-flexible Industrial Consumers
Authors: Bianchini Isabella , Zimmermann Fabian , Torolsan Kerim , Sauer Alexander
Published: April 2022

It is widely accepted that industrial consumers can contribute to the goal of a cost-efficient energy sector by offering energy flexibility. The concrete and conscious actions on industrial processes ending up in a variety of consumption are named in literature “energy flexibility measures”. From the consumers’ point of view, the question is where the locally realizable energy flexibility measures can be offered with the highest cost reduction or profit. The identification of the most promising market segments or tariff schemes for the commercialization of energy flexibility measures, defined as “market options”, is not a trivial activity due to the complex regulatory framework that characterizes the energy market. This paper aims at introducing a standard definition of market options that supports the energy-flexible customer to evaluate where the energy flexibility can be commercialized without specific knowledge of the energy market regulation. The definition is applied to the German energy market and the market options are identified. Through a price trend analysis, the market options with the highest potential for cost reduction or profit are investigated. The results show that in the German market consumers have the highest chances to reduce their energy supply costs through the market options related to network charges and energy-only market.
Analysis of Some Properties of an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Model
Authors: Zlateva P , Dimitrova N
Published: April 2022

The aim of the paper is to study some properties of a model describing the wastewater treatment process with activated sludge. The process configuration consists of an aeration tank and of a secondary settler. The mathematical model is described by three nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The paper presents important results on existence and uniqueness of positive model solutions. Numerical computations establish the stability properties of the equilibrium points with respect to two important control model parameters and present the corresponding input-output static characteristics. The dynamic behaviour of the model solutions is illustrated through computer experiments carried out in the computer algebra system Maple. The results can be useful in designing real control strategies of the wastewater treatment processes with activated sludge.
International scientific and practical conference “Ensuring sustainable development: agriculture, ecology and earth science” (AEES 2021)
Authors: Sadriddinov Manuchehr , Gibadullin Arthur
Published: April 2022

Within the framework of the presented material, the results of the conducted International scientific and practical conference “Ensuring sustainable development: agriculture, ecology and earth science” (AEES 2021).
Device for waterless cleaning of root crops
Authors: Sabiev U K , Khuzin I R , Soyunov A S , Prokopov S P , Abdylmanova R K
Published: April 2022

Existing devices for waterless cleaning do not provide essential quality due to low efficiency either because of significant tubers damage. Device for waterless cleaning of root crops is developed in Omsky SAU which relates to the agricultural machine-building industry in particular to devices for dry cleaning of tubers from the soil, grassy impurities and haulm before sale preparation as well as for feeding preparation in technological lines of feed mills. High quality cleaning from the soil is achieved by the spiral line of pile arrangement which provides the uniform movement of the processing material heap and prevents tubers unloading due to various pile length that increases the speed of tubers rotation and provides more frequent tuber surface contact with working tools due to spring-loaded bottom providing required compression degree of processing tubers to the brush roll at the expense of dust collector that allows to get rid of small impurities during the technological process and prevents from resetting on tuber surface. Usage of this device allows to reach high quality of cleaning under low degree of damage.
Ecology of old lakes in the Nadym river basin
Authors: Kolesnikov R A , Krasnenko A S , Shinkaruk E V , Pechkin A S
Published: April 2022

The authors studied the ecological state of the ancient lakes Yantarnoe 1 and Yantarnoe 2 in the Nadym river basin. Both lakes are subject to intense anthropogenic impact, which arose during the period of oil and gas development of the Nadym lowland and the formation of the city of Nadym. Water areas of water bodies are differentiated by the content of pollutants. The water in the lakes mainly belongs to the classes “dirty” and “polluted”, less often “clean” and “moderately polluted”. In the lakes, there is a high number of invertebrates with a low species diversity. Measures have been developed to improve the ecological state of water bodies.
Dynamics of the length of the channel network of elementary watercourses in the Upper Volga basin in the 21st century (on the example of the catchment basin of the Logovezh river)
Authors: Astashin A E , Piyashova S N , Vatina O E , Badin M M , Pashkin O N
Published: April 2022

The article contains the results of researching of the dynamics of the length of the channel network of elementary watercourses within the territory of the catchment basin of the Logovezh river in the XXI century. The researched territory is located in the Upper Volga basin in the zone of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests and characterized by high forest cover and swampiness. The research is based on the materials of the expedition work, carried out in the summer of 2021, the data of thematic maps and literary sources, processed using GIS. As a result of field researchs, the current position of the sources of elementary watercourses has been established, the indicator of the change in the length of their channels in the XXI century has been calculated. The fact of both increasing and reducing the length of the channel network of elementary watercourses with the predominance of their reduction processes has been established. Against the background of the restoration of the landscapes of the researched territory, there is a partial increase in the length of the channel network of elementary watercourses.
Analysis of the release of water-soluble substances from the barren part of the sea buckthorn
Authors: Yu Ismailov L , Safin R R , Safina A V
Published: April 2022

In this work, experimental studies of water extraction of the barren part of sea buckthorn, namely bark, wood, leaves and shoots, have been carried out. Analyzed the yield of water-soluble substances relative to the feedstock, depending on the temperature and duration of the process. It was found that to obtain the maximum possible amount of water-soluble substances during the extraction of leaves, bark and woody parts of sea buckthorn, a temperature of 40°C is sufficient. To extract the maximum possible amount of biologically useful substances from sea buckthorn shoots, a higher temperature and a longer extraction time are required. The diffusion coefficients were calculated for different parts of the sea buckthorn on the basis of the body shape coefficient and the value of the rate of the regular mode of the extraction process. The greatest value of the diffusion coefficient is observed in the sea buckthorn bark, which is characterized by high porosity. The diffusion coefficient in the leaves has the lowest value, which is explained by the closure of the pores due to the fine size of the raw material and its rapid drying during transportation and storage.
Features of the ecological state of agricultural land adjacent to urbanized areas
Authors: Elshaeva I V , Titova V I , Voropaeva E V , Pinaeva A S , Vetchinnikova O I
Published: April 2022

The paper presents a study of the state of sod-podzolic soils to assess the degree and direction of anthropogenic transformation of agricultural lands located in an urbanized territory. The analysis of the content of heavy metals and arsenic in the soil, depending on the distance from the source of pollution. Significant soil contamination with cadmium and copper was revealed at a distance of 10 meters from the road. The expediency of using the selected criteria for identifying the source of anthropogenic impact and land monitoring is noted.
Justification of the parameters of the tillerblock seeder for sowing sorghum seeds in the Republic of Angola
Authors: Tsybulevsky V V , Tarasenko B F , Lopareva S G , S Dzjasheev A-M , Tikhonov E A
Published: April 2022

Small forms of management of the Republic of Angola are in great need of support and development, since according to the World Bank, 80% of Angola’s agricultural production, which involves 46% of the population, are small subsidiary farms with an area of 2 hectares without mechanization, infrastructure, high-quality seed and other means of production. The mass introduction of motorcycle cultivators with a capacity of 3-5 to 12 hp with a set of machines and tools for them will significantly accelerate the transition from manual labor to mechanized. It is obvious that the modernization and optimization of these tools is a continuous process, where each user, to one degree or another, individually adjusts the tools acquired from the factory manufacturer to their soil conditions, seed material and power of the tractor. One of the components of the agricultural production process is sowing. In this paper, a precision seeding drill of a motor-block format and its working bodies a coulter group fo r s oil conditions of the Republic of Angola, are considered. A review of the theoretical prerequisites for substantiating the design parameters of a tillerblock seed drill for sowin g sorghum seeds was carried out, and the optimal parameters of the coulter operation process were determined depending on the speed of the unit (V km/h), the angle of attack of the coulter stand (α, deg), the angle of soil crumbling (β, deg). Scientific research was carried out according to the strategy of modernization of agriculture in Angola.
The use of remote sensing data in the assessment of the Land Degradation Neutrality
Authors: Ogorodnikov S S
Published: April 2022

An adapted methodology for assessing Land Degradation Neutrality is proposed. It is shown that the factor of overgrowth of agricultural lands and settlements should be assessed as a sign of degradation. The ways of adjusting the calculation of indicators of land quality are considered. According to the updated data, the area of degraded lands of the Tver region for the period 2001-2017 increased by 4% and is 5.1%.
Formation of invasive populations of Impatiens L. in the Moscow region (Central Russia)
Authors: Kuklina A G , Ozerova N A
Published: April 2022

The facts of the appearance and distribution of invasive species Impatiens glandulifera Royle and I. parviflora DC were studied. (Balsaminaceae) in the Moscow region (Central Russia). Field route methods, analysis of herbarium collections (MHA, MW) for the period 1880-2021 and numerous observations of invasive Impatiens L. species available in Open Access (online) were used. Maps were compiled showing the formation of modern invasive populations of Impatiens in the study region. The historical features of the dynamics of the development of the invasive process in each species are noted. It was revealed that the first finds of I. parviflora in the Moscow region were made several decades earlier than I. glandulifera. In the invasive process, I. parviflora has a lag-phase period lasting more than 70 years; in I. glandulifera, this period is about 50 years. The exponential phase falls on 1960-1970, when the rate of appearance of invasive populations increases significantly and active naturalization of both species begins. It should be noted that I. parviflora prevails over I. glandulifera in terms of the rate of development of biocenoses in the region, which is characterized by a narrower ecological optimum. Currently, I. parviflora covers the entire territory of the Moscow region, with the exception of one remote area. Invasive populations of this species are concentrated in coniferous-broad-leaved and small-leaved forests, on wastelands and glades, including areas with dry soil. The invasive range of I. glandulifera in 2021 is almost as extensive, but unlike the previous species, it is characterized by ecological specificity, since the species prefers humid habitats, grows along the banks of reservoirs, rivers and streams, and along damp ditches.
The use of recycling in the disposal of solid waste
Authors: Bulekova A A , Gubasheva B E , Eskairova N N , Gabdullina S M , Nurtaeva M
Published: April 2022

The problem of solid waste management is acute for modern society. The article studied the existing landfill for municipal solid waste in the city of Uralsk. The city is growing every year, and the amount of solid household waste is increasing accordingly. Municipal solid waste is usually generated from various sources associated with various human activities. As a rule, in the main, they come from households, markets or commercial organizations. Another of the problems of household waste is the heterogeneity of garbage in nature, which creates a certain difficulty in sorting and using it as a material. Local authorities are trying to solve the problem with a number of measures. For this, a waste sorting shop has been launched on the territory of the landfill, which unloads the landfill a little. It is also planned to create a new landfill, but this is only under consideration. Therefore, the problem of disposal of municipal solid waste remains relevant today. Thus, in our studies, alternative solutions for the disposal of municipal solid waste using recycling were proposed.
Optimization of the phytosanitary state of Rosa L. representatives in the urban environment
Authors: Dogadina M A , Botuz N I , Pravdyuk A I
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of monitoring the entomo- and phytopathogenic organisms of Rosa L. in the conditions of the modern urban environment. In recent years, this issue is of particular relevance due to changing weather conditions and environmental anxiety, and the main developments on this topic date back to the middle of the last century. Monitoring studies have shown that the greatest harm to rose plantings is caused by sucking pests and fungal diseases. It is possible to reduce their aggressiveness by creating conditions for better growth and development of plants, increasing their resistance, which was achieved by a complex of applied fertilizing bases and biologically active substances.
Environmental strategies for the formation of urban agriculture in the context of the transition to sustainable development
Authors: Saprykina N A
Published: April 2022

Reviewed the ecological strategies for the formation of architectural objects in the context of energy conservation for considered to solve the priority task to restore and maintain a balance between the urbanized and natural environment. The main approach to the formation of this ecological direction of research presented, associated with the transition to sustainable development and a radical rethinking of the function of cities by improving technologies. The problems of organic farming as the rehabilitation of urban space, forms of organization of urban farming, the formation of vertical parks, as well as aerostatic objects of migratory greening of the urban environment are considered and photosynthetic cities. The obtained scientific results of the article can be useful for the further development of the theory and practice of the formation of ecological objects, since it opens up completely new possibilities in the organization of urban agriculture.