bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño de un sistema de costos de producción para la empresa Ecolab Perú Holdings S.R.L., ubicada en Miraflores, Lima
Authors:   , Camposano Mejía Fiorella Margarita
Published: March 2023

En este estudio investigativo, se desarrolla la propuesta de un sistema de costos de producción para la empresa Ecolab Perú Holdings S.R.L, ubicada en Miraflores, Lima para el año 2019. Esto, con la finalidad primordial de optimizar los costos de la empresa, para que pueda obtener y sostener la máxima rentabilidad sin descensos en su calidad o fallas en sus procedimientos. Esto a su vez genera un mejor control de todos los procesos y costos de la empresa y así la directiva pueda tener la información veraz que le permita decidir con respecto a las finanzas de la empresa, su disposición en el tiempo y en los mercados finales. En este orden de ideas, la investigación está presentada en capítulos, donde en el primero de ellos se analiza brevemente la empresa en estudio, su plan estratégico que incluye misión, visión, objetivos, estrategias de negocios, y sus fuentes estratégicas de ventajas competitivas. En el segundo capítulo, se realiza la formulación del problema en estudio, describiendo su realidad y resumiendo investigaciones previas que sirven de antecedentes y le dan factibilidad. En el tercer capítulo, se detalla el marco teórico, que le da validez y soporte documental a la investigación a través de teorías, conceptos y otras bases. En el cuarto capítulo, que incluye la metodología, se detalla la población en estudio, y las técnicas e instrumentos que recaban la información que permitan obtener resultados que prueben la necesidad de implementar la propuesta planteada, de un sistema de costos de producción para la empresa en análisis.
Plan de exportación del popeado de quinua "Quinua boom" con destino a la ciudad de Ft. Lauderdale, en el país de Estados Unidos
Authors:   , Pereira Aréchaga Cristhian David
Published: March 2023

A continuación, presento el Plan de Negocios que describe la investigación de un producto que nace en nuestros andes y propone convertirse en un producto de exportación no tradicional, “QUINUA BOM” es la quinua inflada en una explosión de energía; para lo cual se han definido los aportes nutricionales llevado al inflado de esta importante semilla que el mercado internacional consume con aprecio. Cabe resaltar que las exportaciones de Quinua del presente año como materia prima representaron este 2019 un mercado meta que representa 1,300 millones de consumidores potenciales según la Redacción Diario Gestión, 06 de Dic 2019. Esto revela un importante ajuste en nuestra balanza comercial; Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que este importante flujo vincula solo las exportaciones tradicionales, deberíamos preguntarnos: ¿A nuestros agricultores les gustaría generar un valor agregado? ¿Una producción que proponga dar algo más al consumidor con un mejor margen de ganancia? ¿revalorar nuestro producto nacional? ¿Si en otros países lo hacen porque no hacerlo aquí? Además, sumando tecnología y el desarrollo de las comunidades altoandinas en un proceso compartido y mesurado potenciará la economía per cápita, trasladando el negocio familiar a los componentes virtuales desarrollados por las nuevas generaciones contemplando así la sostenibilidad de nuestros recursos. Es lo que evidenciará la presente investigación formulando variables que en la práctica serán constantes de desarrollo. “Quina Boom” es un producto de exportación no tradicional que se procesa en las regiones altoandinas del Perú (Arequipa, Cusco, Huancavelica, Junín, Puno), el plan que presentamos formula el desarrollo para Ayacucho en la provincia de Vilcas Human, con el propósito de contribuir su desarrollo económico y de innovación, uniendo así los componentes para abrir mercados a base del cereal Inca cruzando fronteras hasta el mercado norteamericano en el estado de Florida en Fort Lauderdale.
Efecto de intensidad de luz sobre parámetros productivos de postlarvas de camarones Penaeus vannamei en sistema de recirculación
Authors:   , Green Bayeto Stephanie
Published: March 2023

El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la luz sobre las variables productivas; tasa de crecimiento especifico (SGR), ganancia de peso acumulado (GP), índice de crecimiento (IC), factor de conversión alimenticio (FCA) y sobrevivencia (S%) de post larvas de camarón blanco (Penaeus vannamei) en un sistema de recirculación de agua de mar. Se trabajó con organismos de un peso promedio inicial de 0,006 ± 0,0007 g los cuales fueron cultivados en tanques de fibra de vidrio de 35 L de capacidad conexionados a un sistema de recirculación, a una densidad de cultivo de 10 post larvas/litro. Se trabajó con 3 tratamientos: oscuridad 24 horas (0 lux), 24 horas luz natural con un promedio de 25 lux ± 10 lux y luz artificial continua 24 horas (1400 ± 100 lux) con 7 réplicas por tratamiento. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua de cultivo registrados diariamente se mantuvieron estables durante los 24 días experimentales. Los resultados indican que aplicando el tratamiento de luz artificial continua (1400 ± 100 lux) se obtienen mejores resultados productivos. El análisis de varianza mostró diferencias significativas respecto a los otros dos tratamientos en cuanto a tasa de crecimiento especifico (g), Ganancia de Peso acumulado (g) Índice de Crecimiento, mientras que el FCA mostró una diferencia significativa en el tratamiento de 0 lux. La sobrevivencia final no mostró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Los resultados sugieren que al aplicar luz artificial continua durante el cultivo inicial o precria de P. vannamei, esta tendría efecto positivo y significativo sobre el crecimiento de esta especie.
Cuantificación del ahorro de agua que se puede lograr en la gestión de espacios verdes urbanos a través de la selección de especies y la modificación del suelo en un estudio comparativo
Authors:   , Arhuire Ossio Mauricio Sebastian
Published: March 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar si la selección sensata de especies o el manejo del suelo sería la mejor opción para reducir el consumo de agua y optimizar la cantidad necesaria para mantener el espacio verde urbano. En total se implementaron 8 tratamientos, con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento, los cuales fueron llevados a cabo en macetas con 5000 gr de suelo arenoso y a 4 de estos suelos se le agrego una enmienda de biochar de 75gr. De los 8 tratamientos, en 4 de estos se utilizó la especie exótica Myoporum l. y en los otros 4 restantes se utilizó un especie nativa, Vallesia g. a cada especie se le sometió a dos tazas de riego las cuales fueron de 500 ml. y de 125 ml. para cada tratamiento ya sea para los controles como para los suelos enmendados con el biochar. A lo largo del estudio se llevaron a cabo mediciones respecto al diámetro, altura, número de hojas y presión de agua en los tejidos vasculares para cada especie, sumada a esto hubo mediciones del porcentaje de humedad en todos los suelos. Con los parámetros fisiológicos evaluados la especie Vallesia g. obtuvo mejor resultado ya que presento mayor tolerancia al estrés hídrico. Respecto al a los suelos modificados con biochar se observó un efecto positivo con relación al porcentaje de humedad en estos suelos. Los tratamientos mostraron significativamente que selección de especies fue de lejos la fuente más importante para la variación de resultados. Agregar biochar al suelo aumentó la retención del agua del suelo, pero como se mencionó previamente la plantación de la especie nativa fue mucho más efectiva en la reducción del consumo de agua, debido a la adaptación fisiológica de las especies (baja presión de xilema)
Fragilidad del adulto mayor en América Latina y El Caribe: un análisis bibliométrico
Authors:   , Merma Flores Gabriela Verónica , Guillen Cabrera Gabriela Stephanny
Published: March 2023

Introducción: La fragilidad es un síndrome emergente en la población geriátrica. En los últimos años se ha visto un incremento de los adultos mayores alrededor del mundo, estudios recientes anticipan la misma situación en América Latina y el Caribe, lo cual conllevaría al aumento de las investigaciones sobre el tema. Objetivo: Describir y analizar la producción científica de artículos originales sobre fragilidad en el adulto mayor en América Latina y el Caribe durante el año 2000 al 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico donde se incluyeron artículos originales sobre fragilidad en América Latina y el Caribe durante el periodo 2000 a 2019 indexadas a Scopus. Para el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo se exportaron los documentos a Microsoft Excel 365, se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: número de artículos, país, año, institución, diseño, índice H, número de citas y autor. Para evaluar las redes de colaboración de autores y co-ocurrencia de palabras claves se utilizó el software VOSviewer versión 1.6.16. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 263 artículos indexados en Scopus, con una tendencia creciente a partir del año 2010. El país con mayor producción científica y número de citaciones es Brasil con 197 artículos (69.85%), seguido de México con 43 (15.24%) y Colombia con 10 (3,54%). Conclusiones: La producción científica sobre fragilidad en América Latina y el Caribe ha ido en aumento a lo largo de los últimos veinte años, pero se encuentra centralizada en países que tienen más presupuesto en investigación y desarrollo, como Brasil y México.
Efectos adversos en pacientes adultos mayores en tratamiento oncológico y su asociación con depresión
Authors:   , Villanueva Salazar Raul Valenty
Published: March 2023

Introducción: Las enfermedades oncológicas conllevan a la expresión de múltiples efectos adversos. Modificaciones en el estado de salud suelen asociarse a la depresión. Objetivo: Determinar si existe mayor riesgo de presencia de efectos adversos en pacientes adultos mayores en tratamiento oncológico con depresión en comparación a los que no presentan depresión en el CEMENA entre 2013 y 2015. Métodos: Se evaluaron a los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer, reclutados durante el periodo de septiembre 2012 a febrero 2013 y seguidos hasta diciembre del 2015.se analizó la depresión, como factor de riesgo en la presentación de efectos adversos al tratamiento oncológico Resultados: De un total de 922 en tratamiento oncológico el 24.62% (277) presentaron algún tipo de reacción adversa al tratamiento. Se encontró una media de 2.89% del puntaje de Yesavage encontrándose un incremento de la puntación de Yesavage en relación al número de reacciones adversas. Conclusiones: La presencia de efectos adversos se asoció a aún mayor puntaje del cuestionario de Yesavage independientemente de la variable analizada lo que sugeriría una relación se asociación entre depresión y mayores reacciones adversas
Estrés laboral, ansiedad y depresión en jueces y fiscales en la región La Libertad, 2019
Authors:   , Vega Garcia Jessica Oriana , Flores Trujillo Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2023

La prevalencia de estrés laboral, ansiedad y depresión en jueces y fiscales está demostrada como lo descrito en Lima en el 2011. En nuestra región se desconoce su presencia. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los jueces y fiscales en la región La Libertad. Métodos: Se aplicó La Escala de Estrés laboral de OIT/OMS, la escala de Ansiedad de Zung, la escala de Depresión de Zung, a jueces y fiscales que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión siendo un total de 126 fiscales y 18 jueces. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel intermedio de estrés en el 23% de los fiscales, en comparación con los jueces con el 17%. Se encontró un nivel de ansiedad leve en el 41% de los fiscales encuestados, en comparación con los jueces con el 67,0%. En cuanto a la variable depresión, 42% de los fiscales y 67% de los jueces se encontraron con depresión moderada. Conclusiones: Existe la presencia de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los jueces y fiscales de La Libertad.
Guest Editorial: Recycling CO2 for EOR? Why Not?
Authors: Tveiten Ole Gunnar
Published: March 2023

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS), with the potential for usage, will be crucial if the world is to prevent global warming. Modeling by the European Commission shows that the EU will need to capture, utilize, or store between 300 and 640 million tonnes of CO2 every year by 2050 if it wants to meet its climate-neutrality goal. It is therefore imperative that all industries, particularly the oil and gas sector, play their part to incentivize the development of new storage while enhancing the use of available producing facilities.

Speaking at the second CCUS Forum, held in October in Oslo, Norway, the EU’s energy chief Kadri Simson announced that captured emissions can be either stored or recycled into other industrial processes. Though it wasn’t directly stated by the Estonian politician, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) via CO2 injection should be considered as a viable option to both store and reduce emissions. It is important to emphasize that the amount of stored CO2, as a function of EOR, will be greater than CO2 emissions created from oil extraction.

CO2 for EOR in US and Canada

Since the 1970s, this has been a routine procedure in many US and Canadian projects with mature reservoirs and is usually instigated after the effect of injected produced water has worn off. It has been achieved without government support.

While Norway has been injecting captured CO2 in saline aquifers since the mid-1990s, there has been no attempt, and no plans exist, in Europe to use CO2 for EOR.

Why not?

Balancing increasing energy demand while lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the greatest conundrums facing the industry today: global consumption is currently around 100 million B/D.

According to IEA’s 2022 World Energy Outlook, there are three scenarios. The APS (announced pledges scenario) assumes fossil-fuel demand will peak in 2024 with 98.1 million B/D. The STEPS (stated policies scenario) projection is peak demand in 2035 at 103.2 million B/D, before going into steady long-term decline (Fig. 1). If the NZE (net zero emissions) scenario comes to pass, oil demand never returns to its 2019 level. It foresees demand falling by 2.5% each year on average between 2021 and 2030, and by just under 6% each year from 2030 to 2050.

Adopting EOR technologies and upscaling CCS infrastructure could be the answer to meet energy demand and lower emissions before green energy claims the forecast largest stake of the energy mix by mid-century.

Exploiting Hydrocarbon’s Heritage and CCS

Globally, there are 30 CCS projects in operation, 11 are under construction, and 153 are in development. Sixty-one new facilities were added to the project pipeline in 2022. The CO2 capture capacity of all CCS facilities has grown to 244 mtpa, a rise of 44% over the past 12 months (Global CCS Institute 2022).
Technology Focus: Drilling Automation and Innovation (February 2023)
Authors: Ochoa Danny
Published: March 2023

With the arrival of the digital age, solutions in big data, automation, and artificial intelligence are rapidly opening the door to a deeper and more-comprehensive understanding of drilling operations around the world. The exponential growth in data acquisition, modeling, and prediction capabilities allows multiple drilling teams to identify hidden patterns and correlations to deal with the most-complicated challenges in well construction.

In related SPE papers, it was interesting to read about promising initiatives undertaken by operators, service companies, and academia, not only to recognize details on past drilling events but also to accurately simulate, anticipate, and automate complex situations. Topics such as machine learning for improved decision-making, equipment-failure prediction, well placement lookahead, and autonomous operations have attracted great interest from the industry.

Therefore, demand for a skilled workforce in digital technologies will continue to grow in drilling-related disciplines and new information and technology work flows will be incorporated into the well life cycle.

As the active rig count continues to increase, safety must remain top priority for drilling operations. Advances in digital technologies and automation contribute to this objective while keeping a focus on cost management, operational consistency, and carbon-footprint reduction. Ongoing actions will also help to accelerate the development of geothermal energy as part of the future mix of renewables.

The selected papers highlight some interesting contributions to drive innovation and promote efficient use of processes and technologies.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 205899 Measurements During Drilling Through an Innovative Microchip Technology To Determine Accurate Wellbore Properties for Efficient Drilling Operations by Zuyang Zhu, Sinopec, et al.

SPE 211791 A Novel Real-Time Well-Collision Avoidance Monitoring by Definitive Dynamic Surveys and Passive Magnetic Ranging by Mahmoud ElGizawy, SLB, et al.

SPE 210306 Drilling Heat Maps for Active Temperature Management in Geothermal Wells by Mohamed Shafik Khaled, The University of Texas at Austin, et al.
Mitigating the missing fragmentation problem in de novo peptide sequencing with a two stage graph-based deep learning model
Authors: Mao Zeping , Zhang Ruixue , Xin Lei , Li Ming
Published: March 2023

Novel protein discovery and immunopeptidomics depend on highly sensitive de novo peptide sequencing with tandem mass spectrometry. Despite significant improvement using deep learning models, the missing fragmentation problem remains an important hurdle that significantly degrades the performance of de novo peptide sequencing. In this paper, we reveal that in the process of peptide prediction, missing fragmentation results in generating incorrect amino acids within those regions and causes error accumulation thereafter. To tackle this problem, we propose GraphNovo, a two-stage de novo peptide sequencing algorithm based on a graph neural network. GraphNovo focuses on finding the optimal path in the first stage to guide the sequence prediction in the second stage. Our experiments demonstrate that GraphNovo mitigates the effects of missing fragmentation and outperforms the state-of-the-art de novo peptide sequencing algorithms.
A road map for the management of a pregnancy complicated by maternal bladder exstrophy
Authors: Hosiani Ali , Smet Elisabeth , Nayyar Roshini
Published: March 2023

Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a congenital genito-urinary malformation where there is a defect in the abdominal wall resulting in a protruding open bladder with exposed mucosa [1]. Several reconstructive procedures are required to correct the anomalies resulting in an ileal conduit which is an alternate urinary reservoir reconstructed from the terminal ileum[2]. We describe the care of a pregnant woman with BE and outline the principles of management of her pregnancy with a multidisciplinary team. Timely pre-operative planning is advised to minimise intraoperative complications in the event of a caesarean section. The woman went on to have an uncomplicated classical caesarean section at term by midline laparotomy with a good outcome for both mother and baby.
WITHDRAWN: Distribution of Hemoglobinopathies among Premarital Couples in Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alabdallat Nessrin G. , Aldosari Sahar , Alturki Mohammad Khaled , Alabdaly Hadyl
Published: March 2023

Objectives:Hemoglobinopathies, are inherited diseases of Hemoglobin synthesis arising from mutations and/or deletions of one or more of the globin genes resulting in the production of abnormal Hemoglobin molecules and subsequently reduced synthesis of normal alpha and beta globin chains in Hemoglobin molecules. In this study, we attempt to assess the distribution of hemoglobinopathies in Saudi Premarital couples planning to marry and applying for a marriage license in Al Majmaah region and attending the premarital screening center of King Khaled General Hospital (KKGH), Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: In total, 4009 cases were screened for hemoglobinopathies by using the Bio-rad Variant II cation exchange-high-performance liquid chromatography (CE-HPLC) system.
Results: Total number of abnormal hemoglobin fractions on cation exchange-HPLC (CEHPLC) was seen in 127 cases. Sickle cell trait was the predominant genetic hemoglobin disorder accounting for 66 cases of the total cases. This was followed by the Beta-thalassemia trait in 50 cases, sickle cell disease in 9 cases, HgbE diseasein 1 case, and HgbD trait in 1 case.
Conclusion:The outcome of this study indicated that the Saudi population in this area is at low risk for hemoglobin disorders. sickle cell trait and β-thalassemia trait are the most common Hb disorders in Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
WITHDRAWN: Interacting with landscapes beyond windshield: Affordances actualisation on scenic road rest areas
Authors: Qi Jun , Tang Xueqiong
Published: March 2023

Context:
Scenic roads are world-widely implemented as policies that turn automobility into landscape capital. As an essential component of scenic road systems, rest areas provide spaces for people to interact with roadside landscapes, enhancing the quality of experiences of recreational motorists. However, the understanding of scenic road rest area usage still lacks empirical evidence.
Objectives:
Through the lens of the affordance theory, this study developed an empirical approach to explore the affordance actualisation mechanism focused on the context of motorists-rest area interaction.
Methods:
Our team has conducted site observation and behaviour mapping on seven rest areas along the Nujiang Beautiful Road in northwest Yunnan, China. By conceptualising Surface Materials and Distance References as landscapes’ physical determinants, and Fixed Functional Meanings and Perceived Use Patterns as individuals’ perceptual determinants, this research investigates how these determinants quantitatively affect affordance actualisation.
Results:
The results outlined a behavioural profile about the usage of rest areas on scenic roads and further revealed that: (1) inspired affordances and anticipated affordances respectively acted on people’s experiences and satisfaction; (2) perceptual determinants are more proactive on actualising affordances compared with physical determinants; (3) traffic conflicts, landscape availability and distance to parking contributed to affordance actualisation vacancy.
Conclusion:
The findings may reveal some theoretical insights about the affordance actualisation mechanism via an empirical approach and can be used to assist evidence-based planning and design of scenic road rest areas.
Using 6-CIT, P300 encephalography, and pro-inflammation assessments for screening age related cognitive decline and exploring associated risk factors in Egyptian elderly
Authors: Saleh Mai S. , Galal Asmaa F. , Sallam Sara F. , Mowaad Noha A. , Zeidan Hala M. , Hashish Adel , Heikal Ola A.
Published: March 2023

Background
The elderly population is suffering from many mental health problems that are aggravated as a matter of age and cognitive decline is a serious one of which.
Objectives
The aim of the present work is to screen the cognitive performance among a sample of Egyptian elderly volunteers and to investigate the associated risk factors.
Methods
A sample of 88 elderly volunteers from both genders was enrolled to the study according to the specified eligibility criteria after signing the approval consent.Medical history and socio-demographic data were collected from all participants in addition to basic clinical examination. Cognitive performance was assessed using the 6-item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) whilethe endogenous event related potentials (ERP) was measured using P300. The inflammatory biomarkers; TNF-αand COX-2 levels were assessed in serum using ELISA technique in addition togene expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and CD-36 exploration using qRT-PCR.
Results
About half (51%) of the sample under investigation showed cognitive problems with scores on the 6-CIT exceeding the normal level. TNF-α serum levels showed positive correlation with P300 latency and correlated negatively with P300 reaction time. Furthermore, serum COX-2 levels correlatedpositively with P300 reaction time and negatively with P300 amplitude.
Conclusion
The study population is showing early signs of cognitive decline that invites attention to the importance of spreading preventive measures against further deterioration. Inflammatory biomarkers under investigation and 6-CIT aresuggested to be used in prediction of early stages of cognitive decline among the elderly population.
Quality evaluation of water disclosure of Chinese papermaking enterprises based on accelerated genetic algorithm
Authors: He Chaoran , Sun Fuhua , Wang Bing , Shen Juqin , Xu Jiawei
Published: March 2023

As the carrier of enterprise water resources management disclosure, water information disclosure is a means of expression of enterprises' environmental responsibility. In order to explore the quality of water information disclosure in the report of Chinese paper, the content analysis method was used to collect data, based on the data of China's A-share listed enterprises, under the principle of accounting information disclosure quality, the quality index system of enterprise water information disclosure was constructed, and the disclosure quality level was empirically analyzed with the help of the projection tracing method of accelerated genetic calculation. Our research found that, under the influence of the government's ecological and environmental policies, the water information disclosure of China's paper and paper products enterprises fluctuated from 2017 to 2021; From the perspective of 2020, the overall quality level is low, the disclosure is not voluntary, there are differences in water information disclosure between state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, and the evaluation values of Zhejiang Province and Shandong Province are higher than those in other regions in terms of spatial region. China's paper and paper products enterprises have problems such as low quality of water information disclosure and weak disclosure content.
Identification of pyroptosis-related molecular clusters in alzheimer’s disease based on multiple machine learning models
Authors: Fan Yu , Niu Xiaochen , Wang Guoxia , Song Jingjing , Zhang Yongkang
Published: March 2023

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which can lead to the progression of various diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in Alzheimer's disease and to build the predictive model.
Methods: The expression of PRGs in AD was analyzed based on the GSE33000 dataset, and molecular clustering and immune microenvironment analysis were performed on 310 patient samples. The WGCNA algorithm was used to identify the genes that were specifically expressed between different clusters, and then four machine learning models (RF, GLM, SVM and XGB) were used to construct the predictive models for the risk of AD. The prediction capability of the model was verified by nomogram, calibration, decision curve analyses and five external data sets.
Results: Multiple PRGs were differentially expressed between AD and normal brain tissue. Based on differentially expressed PRGs, 310 AD patients were divided into two subtypes by consistent clustering. Immune microenvironment analysis showed significant differences in the degree of immune activation among different subtypes. WGCNA algorithm identified the specific genes between AD and normal individuals, Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. The SVM model has the best prediction performance with low residual error and root mean square error, and high area under ROC curve (AUC=0.933). Finally, a prediction model based on five genes (GPR4, STAT3, CASP4, CLIC1 and TNFRSF10B) was constructed and showed satisfactory performance on five externally validated data sets. Nomogram, calibration curve and decision curve analysis proved the prediction performance of the model.
Conclusions: This study systematically analyzed the complex relationship between PRGs and AD, and constructed a good prediction model to distinguish AD from normal individuals, which is expected to provide reference for related research.
Modeling Past, Present and Future niches: Species-specific responses to climate changes in three shrub congeners from South American drylands
Authors: Souto Cintia Paola , Zalazar Laura Patricia , Tadey Mariana , Premoli Andrea Cecilia
Published: March 2023

Context
Climate and land use change threat biodiversity and impact on natural and anthropogenic systems as well, in all continents. Although these effects are deepened in regions beholding highly adapted species to particular environmental conditions, like drylands in the Global South, surprises the scarcity of studies exploring the impact of climatic forces across time in these regions.
Objectives
Our aim is to assess the spatial distribution and niche overlap of three dominant native shrubs of the Monte Desert under present climate conditions, to retrodict their potential past distribution, and anticipate their predicted range under future climate scenarios, to complement traditional approaches of biodiversity conservation and sustainability. These species are Larrea cuneifolia (LC), L. divaricata (LD), and L. nitida (LN) that span between 15 and 45°S latitude. They are key elements of the largest temperate dryland of South America, and are alternative forage for livestock.
Methods
We used ecological niche modeling and niche overlap approaches, which we then projected to past (Last Glacial Maximum LGM and Mid Holocene) and future (2050 and 2070) under two scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and consequent climate change: Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5, representing medium-to-low and high emissions levels, respectively. We evaluated these scenarios according to different global circulation models (GCMs) (CCSM4 and MIROC-ESM), to allow detailed assessment of uncertainty in model predictions.
Results
All species showed high niche overlap in the present (67–89%), and when projecting the models, we observed that LC and LD would have reached maximum suitability in the Mid Holocene and would remain stable by 2050. However, LC would gain and LD would loss suitability by 2070. Meanwhile, LN would have reached the maximum suitability in the LGM, which decreased in the Holocene, increased in the present and projects a severe reduction in the future.
Conclusion
We found species-specific responses even among species with current overlapping niches such as LC and LD, highlighting the need to develop mitigation measures particularly for LD and LN in the face of climate change and land use pressures. Global South deserts are being highly degraded and information on future potential ranges of endemic species can support the development of sustainable conservation and management plans.
Intracerebral hematomas are capable of altering air-pouch intracranial pressure monitoring
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Herrmann Sascha , Dubinski Daniel , Behmanesh Bedjan , Trnovec Svorad , Bernstock Joshua D. , Freiman Thomas , Gessler Florian
Published: March 2023

Background
Air-pouch balloon-assisted probes have proven to be both simple and reliable tools for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. However, we experienced reproducible falsely high ICP measurement when the ICP probe was inserted in the intracerebral hematoma cavity. Thus, the aim of the experimental and translational study was to analyze the influence of ICP probe placement with regard to measured ICP values.
Methods
Two Spiegelberg 3PN-sensors were simultaneously inserted into a closed drain system and were connected to two separate ICP monitors thereby allowing for simultaneous ICP measurements. This closed system was also engineered to allow for pressure to be gradually increased in a controlled fashion. Once the pressure was verified using two identical ICP probes, one of the probes was coated with blood in an effort to replicate placement within an intraparenchymal hematoma. Pressures recorded using the coated probe and control probe were then recorded and compared across a range of 0–60 mmHg. In an effort to further the translational relevance of our results two ICP probes were inserted in a patient that presented with a large basal ganglia hemorrhage that met criteria for ICP monitoring. One probe was inserted into the hematoma and the other into brain parenchyma; ICP values were recorded from both probes and the results compared.
Results
The experimental set-up demonstrated a reliable correlation between both control ICP probes. Interestingly, the ICP probe covered with clot displayed a significantly higher average ICP value when compared to the control probe between 0mmHg and 50mmHg (p < 0.001); at 60mmHg there was no significant difference noted. Critically, this trend in discordance was even more pronounced in the clinical setting with the ICP probe placed within the hematoma cavity having reported significantly higher ICP values as compared to the probe within brain parenchyma.
Conclusion
Our experimental study and clinical pilot highlight a potential pitfall in ICP measurement that may result secondary to probe placement within hematoma. Such aberrant results may lead to inappropriate interventions in an effort to falsely addresses falsely elevated ICPs.
Wind Responses on Twin Box Girder Bridge Deck Using a Fluid- Structure Interaction Approach
Authors: Roy A. K. , Yadav Himanshu , Dasu Sai Charan , Kumar Pardeep , Chanotra Arun
Published: March 2023

Wind responses on a twin box girder bridge can be observed by a wind tunnel experiment or by having a full-scale setup if possible. Another possible approach is to go through a numerical approach, which is the CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer surrounding the twin box girder bridge deck. A virtual wind tunnel CFD modelling simulation was carried out on the bridge deck using the Ansys Fluent FSI technique to find out the displacement of the bridge deck. The steady-state simulations have been computed. The turbulence model was used to calculate the mean force coefficients as K-ω SST. It has been seen that steady simulation is needed to get the static aerodynamic coefficients right when modeling. Ansys ICEM CFD is used for meshing the bridge deck. In this study, the wind flow behaviour around the structure is analysed at different wind incident angles of -10°, -5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°. The pressure variations at different wind directions are mapped in the present work. Responses across and along the wind are also depicted. It has been found that the drag coefficient is higher at low angles of attack, whereas the moment and the lift coefficient are showing fewer values at large angles.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of Income Inequality on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Insights from Empirical Analysis
Authors: Hordofa Dereje Fedasa
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research was to investigate how income inequality impacts the economic growth of Ethiopia by analyzing the various ways in which it influences economic growth. The study gathered an exclusive dataset from diverse secondary sources that ranged from 1981 to 2016. To examine the link between transmission channels, inequality of income, and growth, the study utilized a stepwise regression autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The research concluded with four lines of reasoning, including political economy, innovation, fertility, and saving channels. According to the findings, inequality of income has a positive impact on innovative activities and total savings as measured by gross fixed capital formation, but it only has a negative and significant effect on economic growth through the channels of innovation and savings. While caution should be taken when generalizing the findings to other countries, this study offers valuable insights into the intricate link between income inequality and economic growth specifically in Ethiopia. The study recommends that policymakers implement targeted policies to address the different transmission channels through which income inequality affects economic growth, to comprehensively tackle this issue.
Mapping Almond Stem Water Potential using Machine Learning
Authors: Savchik Peter , Nocco Mallika , Kisekka Isaya
Published: March 2023

Almonds are a major crop in California which produces 80% of all the world’s almonds. Widespread drought and strict groundwater regulations pose significant challenges to growers. Irrigation regimes based on observed crop water status can help to optimize water use efficiency, but consistent and accurate measurement of water status can prove challenging. In almonds, crop water status is best represented by midday stem water potential measured using a pressure chamber, which despite its accuracy is impractical for growers to measure on a regular basis. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) models to predict stem water potential in an almond orchard based on canopy spectral reflectance, soil moisture, and daily evapotranspiration. Both artificial neural network and random forest models were trained and used to produce high resolution spatial maps of stem water potential covering the entire orchard. Also, for each ML model type, one model was trained to predict raw stem water potential values, while another was trained to predict baseline-adjusted values. Together, all models resulted in an average coefficient of correlation of R2=0.73 and an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.5 bars. Prediction accuracy decreased significantly when models were expanded to spatial maps (R2=0.33, RMSE=3.31 [avg]). These results indicate that both artificial neural networks and random forest frameworks can be used to predict stem water potential, but both approaches were unable to fully account for the spatial variability observed throughout the orchard. Random forest models predicting raw stem water potential produced the most accurate maps. Overall, the most accurate maps were produced by the random forest model (raw stem water potential R2=0.47, RMSE=2.71). Being able to predict stem water potential spatially can aid in the implementation of variable rate irrigation. These results indicate that both artificial neural network and random forest frameworks can be used effectively to predict and map stem water potential, but that both approaches are unable to fully account for the spatial variability observed throughout the orchard. Future studies should examine the impact of utilizing stem water potential maps as an irrigation decision guide.
Pi calculation reinvented a Trigonometry
Authors: ALMUAIGEL SAMI I
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present a novel method of determining the mathematical value of pi by utilizing the relationship between pi and the tangent function in trigonometry. By examining the relationship between the circumference of a circle and a right-angled triangle, we are able to derive a new equation for pi, which can be used to simplify mathematical and physical equations that involve pi.
On-going evidence on SARS-CoV-2 furin site arginine codon usage bias and new found PRRA-like insertions
Authors: Romeu Antonio R.
Published: March 2023

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 lies in the gain-of-function related to the PRRA spike glycoprotein polybasic furin cleavage site (FCS). The CGG-CGG arginine pair code is unique and rare in the virus. However, novel viruses found in Laos can be considered SARS-CoV-2 ancestors, but they do not have the PRRA. At this point, I have described: (i) the 100% match between the exogenous S gene fragmentencoding PRRA andhuman mRNA RefSeq transcripts; (ii) the related genes are highly expressed in virustarget tissues; (iii) PRRA arginine codon usage bias; (iv) PRRA-like insertions; and (v) the PRRA human origin hypothesis. The aim of this workis to provide further support tothishypothesis. Based on current SARS-CoV-2 sequences (January-March, 2023), here I show that 43 out of 10,644 (0.42 %) GISAID Africa, Asia, Europe and the USA complete genomes and 613 out of 134,022 (0.45 %) NCBI-Virus spike glycoprotein sequences had the CGG-CGG code optimized. The results are in agreement with those in previous works that reveal a viral FCS arginine codon usage bias. Here I also show new found spike glycoprotein PRRA-like insertions (100% match to human mRNA RefSeq transcripts and related genes virus target tissue specifics). In these PRRA-like insertions the human mRNA transcripts should be the origin of the coding S gene fragments. Human is the host of the involved SARS-CoV-2 specimens. They are human viruses isolated from infected human cells. The origin cannot be genetic material from other viruses. Regarding the mechanism, it would be the most common in viruses evolution: recombination. The evolutionary success of the PRRA-like insertions lies in the respect of the reading frame on S gene translation. Results suggest that PRRA spike glycoprotein insertion in a SARS-CoV- ancestor was not an isolated evolutionary event, but rather common in virus evolution.
Plasmodium falciparum Histo-Aspartic Protease (HAP) inhibitor: Toxicity Investigation and Docking Study of 2-(2-benzoyl-4-methylphenoxy)quinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives
Authors: Aina Oluwafemi S. , Bello Adebayo J. , Adams Luqman A. , Familoni Oluwole B.
Published: March 2023

Aspartic proteases possess catalytic sites for hydrolysis of peptide bonds which makes them potentials drug target in the malaria parasites. Inhibiting Histo-Aspartic Protease (HAP), aspartate (Asp215) and histidine (His32) residues of the P. falciparum disrupts the growth phase and ability to catalyse erythrocyte hemoglobin degradation. We synthesized compound 5; 2-(2-benzoyl-4-methylphenoxy)quinoline-3-carbaldehyde via Vilsmier-Hack and sp2 C-H activation protocols. We then designed fifty hypothetical compounds A1-A50 which were screened in-silico for their toxicity, pharmacokinetics, bioactivity score and binding affinities. Nine lead compounds showed no toxicity to human cells. Ten standard antimalarial drugs were used as reference. The lead compounds were generally within (-0.28 to 0.32) as highly or moderately bioactive for six bioactivity score parameters. Compounds A31 had (-11.3 kcal/mol) and A5 (-11.2 kcal/mol) binding energies. Mefloquine with (-9.6 kcal/mole) was best reference drug coming in position 9. Whilst compound A31 and mefloquine both showed no interactions with either Asp215 or His32 in the binding pockets, compound A5 showed π-π stacking interactions. . We opine therefore, that based on other drug-likeness parameters investigated, compound A5; 2-(2-benzoyl-4-methylphenoxy)-7-methylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde can be recommended as a possible candidate for new antimalarial drug development in line with SDG goal 3 on health and well-being.
Epidemiological Profile of Malaria in a Rural Community From the Amazon of Mato Grosso
Authors: De Oliveira Elaine Cristina , Santos Emerson Soares dos , Junior Paulo Antonio Ferreira , Atanaka-Santos Marina , Leite Maria Clara Pereira , Trettel Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes
Published: March 2023

More than 95% of malaria transmission in Brazil occurs in the region called Legal Amazon constituted among other Brazilian states, including Mato Grosso, where, in 2015, 54% of the cases occurred in the municipality of Colniza, in the northwestern region of the state.
Objetive: To describe the epidemiological profile of malaria in a rural community in the northwestern region of Mato Grosso, emphasizing its spatial pattern of occurrence.
Methods: This is an ecological study covering information on the prevalence of plasmodium infection and on the use and occupation of soil by the population of the Três Fronteiras District, in the municipality of Colniza, Mato Grosso. Data were collected through a home visit in July 2011, with blood collection from the digital pulp for the preparation of a thick smear slide, completion of the SIVEP_Malaria notification form, for the construction of a georeferenced database with the software ArcGIS 9.2 (ESRI Corp.). The information was divided into use and occupation classes. In TerraView 3.14, a Kernel map was built to verify the density of cases and their location.
Results: Of the 621 respondents, 68(11%) had plasmodium infection, 39(57.4%) of them by P. vivax, 27(39.7%) by P. falciparum and two (2.9%) with mixed infection. Among infected individuals, 49(72.1%) were men and 19(27.9%), women. The distribution of prevalent cases of infection by overlaying the map of occupation and use of land showed that the cases of malaria are distributed over the entire length of the district, with greater occurrence of cases per household in open areas, close to the mining company/artisanal mining. The kernel method, from the characterization of the spatial distribution pattern of malaria cases, allowed identifying areas of greater intensity of cases, whose so-called “hot” areas were located in the gold mining region.
Conclusion: The transmission of malaria in the district of Três Fronteiras has a heterogeneous profile along its length, and the individuals residing in areas of mining, artisanal mining and timber extraction has increased frequency of infection by plasmodium, and its spatial pattern has a difference in the intensity of distribution of the disease.