bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic link between protein efficiency and pig welfare suggests no apparent trade-offs for mitigating nitrogen pollution
Authors: Roch Lea , Ewaoluwagbemiga Esther Oluwada , Kasper Claudia
Published: August 2023

Pig manure contributes significantly to environmental pollution through nitrogen compounds. Reducing protein in feed can help, but it may lead to damaging behaviors if pigs' nutritional needs are not met. Breeding pigs for higher protein efficiency (PE) is a long-term solution to reduce nitrogen pollution, but concerns about pig welfare remain. We studied 95 pigs involved in a project on the genetic basis of PE on a 20% protein restricted diet to investigate the phenotypic connection between PE and welfare. These pigs represented natural PE variations in the population. At around 100 days, before their PE was known, we observed their behaviors. Only three pigs engaged in tail biting and manipulation of vulnerable regions, but this was not associated with PE. There was no clear link between PE and manipulating pen mates' less vulnerable regions. Such behaviors are normal but can cause stress and injury if carried out excessively due to boredom or stress. Overall, pigs with higher PE showed no major behavioral abnormalities in this study. Considering the lack of genetic knowledge, the risk of increased harmful behaviors when selecting for higher PE appears low when inferred from this purely phenotypic association.
Identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production in the genus Chromobacterium
Authors: Johnson Eric T. , Bowman Michael J. , Gomes Raylane Pereira , Carneiro Lilian Carla , Dunlap Christopher A.
Published: August 2023

The compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is primarily produced by Pseudomonas spp. DAPG plays an important role in the biocontrol disease suppressing activity of Pseudomonas spp. In the current study, we report the discovery of the DAPG biosynthetic cluster in strains of Chromobacterium vaccinii isolated from Brazilian aquatic environments and the distribution of the biosynthetic cluster in the Chromobacterium genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the phlD protein suggests the biosynthetic cluster probably entered the genus of Chromobacterium after a horizontal gene transfer event with a member of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. We were able to detect trace amounts of DAPG in wild type cultures and confirm the function of the cluster with heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. In addition, we identified and verified the presence of other secondary metabolites in these strains. We also confirmed the ability of C. vaccinii strains to produce bioactive pigment violacein and bioactive cyclic depsipeptide FR900359. Both compounds have been reported to have antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. These compounds suggest strains of C. vaccinii should be further explored for their potential as biocontrol agents.
The earliest Baltic amber in Western Europe
Authors: Murillo-Barroso M. , Cólliga A. Martín , Martinón-Torres M.
Published: August 2023

The occurrence of Baltic amber through Europe has traditionally been associated to the spread of the Bell Beaker culture during the 3rd millennium BC. In Iberia, this phenomenon is particularly noticeable in the southern half. Here we present an amber bead recovered in a Late Neolithic funerary cave (3634–3363 cal BC) from northeastern Iberia where more than 12 individuals had been buried. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of four samples revealed their complete resemblance with Baltic succinite reference spectra. Despite being a single bead, this finding provides the earliest evidence for the arrival of Baltic amber to the Mediterranean and Western Europe, before the Bell Beaker phenomenon and more than a millennium earlier than traditionally thought. This finding has implications for our understanding of early exchange networks of exotic materials, and their associated social structures.
Biochemical analysis of Komagataella phaffii oxidative folding proposes novel regulatory mechanisms of disulfide bond formation in yeast
Authors: Palma Arianna , Rettenbacher Lukas A. , Moilanen Antti , Saaranen Mirva , Pacheco-Martinez Christian , Gasser Brigitte , Ruddock Lloyd
Published: August 2023

Oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is driven mainly by protein disulfide isomerase PDI and oxidoreductin Ero1. Their activity is tightly regulated and interconnected with the unfolded protein response (UPR). The mechanisms of disulfide bond formation have mainly been studied in human or in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we analyze the kinetics of disulfide bond formation in the non-conventional yeast Komagataella phaffii, a common host for the production of recombinant secretory proteins. Surprisingly, we found significant differences with both the human and S. cerevisiae systems. Specifically, we report an inactive disulfide linked complex formed by K. phaffii Ero1 and Pdi1, similarly to the human orthologs, but not described in yeast before. Furthermore, we show how the interaction between K. phaffii Pdi1 and Ero1 is unaffected by the introduction of unfolded substrate into the system. This is drastically opposed to the previously observed behavior of the human pathway, suggesting a different regulation of the UPR and/or possibly different interaction mechanics between K. phaffii Pdi1 and Ero1.
Evolution of termination codons of proteins and the TAG-TGA paradox
Authors: Trexler Mária , Bányai László , Kerekes Krisztina , Patthy László
Published: August 2023

In most eukaryotes and prokaryotes TGA is used at a significantly higher frequency than TAG as termination codon of protein-coding genes. Although this phenomenon has been recognized several years ago, there is no generally accepted explanation for the TAG-TGA paradox.Our analyses of human mutation data revealed that out of the eighteen sense codons that can give rise to a nonsense codon by single base substitution, the CGA codon is exceptional: it gives rise to the TGA stop codon at an order of magnitude higher rate than the other codons. Here we propose that the TAG-TGA paradox is due to methylation and hypermutabilty of CpG dinucleotides. In harmony with this explanation, we show that the coding genomes of organisms with strong CpG methylation have a significant bias for TGA whereas those from organisms that lack CpG methylation use TGA and TAG termination codons with similar probability.
Effect of exercise on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: khairy Eman Y. , Salama Ola A.
Published: August 2023

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis dysregulation was suggested to play a crucial role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigated the effects of exercise on HPG hormones in an AD rat model, as a possible mechanism underlying the favorable effect of exercise on AD. Forty male Wistar albino rats 2–3 months old were subdivided randomly into two groups (n = 20 each): AD group (injected intraperitoneally with aluminum chloride (70 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks) and Control group. Each group was subdivided into exercised or non-exercised group (n = 10 each). Exercised groups were subjected to a swimming protocol (60 min/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). Serum HPG hormones, hippocampal β-amyloid levels and Morris water-maze cognition were assessed. Results demonstrated higher levels of β-amyloid, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) together with lower testosterone levels and cognitive impairment in the AD rats compared to controls. Β-amyloid levels negatively correlated with testosterone levels and positively correlated with GnRH, LH and FSH among the AD rats. Higher testosterone and lower GnRH, LH, FSH and β-amyloid levels, as well as cognitive improvement, were observed in the exercised compared to non-exercised AD rats, suggesting a modulatory role of exercise training on AD-associated HPG axis dysregulation.
Catalyst- and metal-free C(sp2)–H bond selenylation of (N-hetero)-arenes using diselenides and trichloroisocyanuric acid at room temperature
Authors: Neto José S. S. , Granja Isis J. A. , Scheide Marcos R. , Franco Marcelo S. , Moraes Cassio A. O. , Beatriz Adilson , de Lima Dênis P. , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Frizon Tiago E. A. , Saba Sumbal , Rafique Jamal , Braga Antonio L.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we report an eco-friendly approach for the C(sp2)–H bond selenylation of imidazopyridines and other N-heteroarenes as well as simple arenes at ambient temperature. This new protocol consists of the reaction between (N-hetero)-arenes and the diorganyl-diselenides and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA)-ethanol reagent system. In a short reaction time, the desired selenylated products were obtained regioselectively in good yields, with tolerance for a wide range of functional groups.
Development of carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide biobased composite for the removal of methylene blue cationic dye model contaminate from wastewater
Authors: Mohamed Eman N. , Abd-Elhamid Ahmed I. , El-Bardan Ali A. , Soliman Hesham M. A. , Mohy-Eldin Mohamed S.
Published: August 2023

Utilizing Glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-GA) hydrogel and its nanographene oxide composite (CMC-GA-GOx), an effective carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide biobased composites adsorbent was developed for the adsorption removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye contaminate from industrial wastewater. The CMC-GA-GOx composites developed were characterized using FTIR, RAMAN, TGA, SEM, and EDX analysis instruments. Through batch experiments, several variables affecting the removal of MB dye, including the biocomposites GO:CMC composition, adsorption time, pH and temperature, initial MB concentration, adsorbent dosage, and NaCl concentration, were investigated under different conditions. The maximum dye removal percentages ranged between 93 and 98%. They were obtained using biocomposites CMC-GA-GO102 with 20% GO weight percent, adsorption time 25 min, adsorption temperature 25 °C, MB concentrations 10–30 ppm, adsorption pH 7.0, and 0.2 g adsorbent dose. The experimental data of the adsorption process suit the Langmuir isotherm more closely with a maximal monolayer adsorption capacity of 76.92 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The removal of MB was exothermic and spontaneous from a thermodynamic standpoint. In addition, thermodynamic results demonstrated that adsorption operates most effectively at low temperatures. Finally, the reusability of the developed CMC-GA-GO102 has been proved through 10 successive cycles where only 14% of the MB dye removal percentage was lost. These results suggest that the developed CMC-GA-GO102 composite may be an inexpensive and reusable adsorbent for removing organic cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.
Cervicovaginal Gardnerella sialidase-encoding gene in persistent human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Novak Juliano , Belleti Rafael , da Silva Pinto Gabriel Vitor , do Nascimento Bolpetti Aline , da Silva Márcia Guimarães , Marconi Camila
Published: August 2023

Disturbed vaginal microbiota have a role in the persistence of high-oncogenic-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and Gardnerella spp. is closely related with this condition. Such bacteria are the major source of cervicovaginal sialidases, important for microbiota alterations. The sialidase-encoding gene nanH3 is account for their sialidase activity. Thus, a subset of 212 women positive for hrHPV at the first visit were included in the analysis of the current study aiming to compare the loads of nanH3 in cervicovaginal fluid (CFV) of women with persistent hrHPV infection and with those cleared the infection after a year. Participants were assigned to two study groups named “persistence” (n = 124, 53.22%) or “clearance” (n = 88, 37.77%), according to the HPV status upon enrollment and follow-up. Absolute quantification of nanH3 gene was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Persistence and clearance group did not show statistical difference in the load of nanH3 gene (p = 0.19). When considering the subset of women with HPV16, differences in number of copies of nanh3 gene was observed between the persistent (7.39E+08 copies/μL) and clearance group (2.85E+07 copies/μL) (p = 0.007). Therefore, baseline loads of nanH3 gene is increased in women that persist with cervical HPV16 infection after 12 months.
Interlukin-4 weakens resistance to stress injury and megakaryocytic differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting Psmd13 expression
Authors: Gao Ai , Xu Shuhui , Li Qing , Zhu Caiying , Wang Fengjiao , Wang Yajie , Hao Sha , Dong Fang , Cheng Hui , Cheng Tao , Gong Yuemin
Published: August 2023

Thrombocytopenia is a major and fatal complication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which results from disrupted megakaryopoiesis by leukemic niche and blasts. Our previous research revealed that elevated interleukin-4 (IL-4) in AML bone marrow had adverse impact on multiple stages throughout megakaryopoiesis including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but the specific mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis and discovered activated oxidative stress pathway and apoptosis pathway in IL-4Rαhigh versus IL-4Rαlow HSCs. IL-4 stimulation in vitro led to apoptosis of HSCs and down-regulation of megakaryocyte-associated transcription factors. Functional assays displayed higher susceptibility of IL-4Rαhigh HSCs to tunicamycin and irradiation-induced apoptosis, demonstrating their vulnerability to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress injury. To clarify the downstream signaling of IL-4, we analyzed the transcriptomes of HSCs from AML bone marrow and found a remarkable down-regulation of the proteasome component Psmd13, whose expression was required for megakaryocytic-erythroid development but could be inhibited by IL-4 in vitro. We knocked down Psmd13 by shRNA in HSCs, and found their repopulating capacity and megakaryocytic differentiation were severely compromised, with increased apoptosis in vivo. In summary, our study uncovered a previous unrecognized regulatory role of IL-4-Psmd13 signaling in anti-stress and megakaryocytic differentiation capability of HSCs.
Stimulating growth, root quality, and yield of carrots cultivated under full and limited irrigation levels by humic and potassium applications
Authors: Elshamly Ayman M. S. , Nassar Saad M. A.
Published: August 2023

Water stress poses a significant challenge for carrot cultivation, leading to decreased yield and inefficient water use efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to provide plants with suitable supplements that enhance their stress resistance. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of humic and potassium applications on carrot growth, yield characteristics, root quality, and water use efficiency under varying irrigation levels. A split-split plot experiment was conducted, with two levels of gross water requirements (GWR) (100% and 80%) assigned to the main plots. The subplots were treated with humic acid through foliar application (Hsp) or soil drenching (Hgd). The sub-subplots were further divided to assess the impact of foliar potassium sources (potassium humate, Kh) and mineral applications (potassium sulfate, K2SO4). The results revealed a substantial reduction in carrot yield under limited irrigation, reaching about 32.2% lower than under GWR100%. Therefore, under limited irrigation conditions, the combined application of Hgd and K2SO4 resulted in a significant yield increase of 78.9% compared to the control under GWR80%. Conversely, under GWR100%, the highest average yield was achieved by applying either Hsp and Kh or Hsp and K2SO4, resulting in yields of 35,833 kg ha−1 and 40,183 kg ha−1, respectively. However, the combination of Hgd and Kh negatively affected the yield under both GWR100% and GWR80%. Nonetheless, applying Kh in combination with Hgd under GWR80% led to improved nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, potassium/sodium ratio, and total sugar concentrations, while reducing sodium content in carrot roots. Based on this study, it is recommended to adopt GWR80% and treat plants with a combination of Hgd and foliar K2SO4. This approach can help plants overcome the negative effects of water stress, improve yield and root quality, and achieve optimal water use efficiency.
Spin-lattice-dynamics analysis of magnetic properties of iron under compression
Authors: dos Santos Gonzalo , Meyer Robert , Tramontina Diego , Bringa Eduardo M. , Urbassek Herbert M.
Published: August 2023

Compression of a magnetic material leads to a change in its magnetic properties. We examine this effect using spin-lattice dynamics for the special case of bcc-Fe, using both single- and poly-crystalline Fe and a bicontinuous nanofoam structure. We find that during the elastic phase of compression, the magnetization increases due to a higher population of the nearest-neighbor shell of atoms and the resulting higher exchange interaction of neighboring spins. In contrast, in the plastic phase of compression, the magnetization sinks, as defects are created, increasing the disorder and typically decreasing the average atom coordination number. The effects are more pronounced in single crystals than in polycrystals, since the presence of defects in the form of grain boundaries counteracts the increase in magnetization during the elastic phase of compression. Also, the effects are more pronounced at temperatures close to the Curie temperature than at room temperature. In nanofoams, the effect of compression is minor since compression proceeds more by void reduction and filament bending—with negligible effect on magnetization—than by strain within the ligaments. These findings will prove useful for tailoring magnetization under strain by introducing plasticity.
A principled link between object naming and representation is available to infants by seven months of age
Authors: LaTourrette Alexander , Chan Dana Michelle , Waxman Sandra R.
Published: August 2023

By their first birthdays, infants represent objects flexibly as a function of not only whether but how the objects are named. Applying the same name to a set of different objects from the same category supports object categorization, with infants encoding commonalities among objects at the expense of individuating details. In contrast, applying a distinct name to each object supports individuation, with infants encoding distinct features at the expense of categorical information. Here, we consider the development of this nuanced link between naming and representation in infants’ first year. Infants at 12 months (Study 1; N = 55) and 7 months (Study 2; N = 96) participated in an online recognition memory task. All infants saw the same objects, but their recognition of these objects at test varied as a function of how they had been named. At both ages, infants successfully recognized objects that had been named with distinct labels but failed to recognize these objects when they had all been named with the same, consistent label. This new evidence demonstrates that a principled link between object naming and representation is available by 7 months, early enough to support infants as they begin mapping words to meaning.
Evaluation of influences of forest cover change on landslides by comparing rainfall-induced landslides in Japanese artificial forests with different ages
Authors: Sato Tadamichi , Katsuki Yoh , Shuin Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

In this study, we evaluated the influence of forest cover changes on rainfall-induced shallow landslides by comparing two shallow landslides and debris flows that occurred on plantation forests of different ages in Japan: the Kake disaster in 1988 and the Asakura disaster in 2017. At Kake, the trees ranged in age from 10 to 30 years, whereas at Asakura the trees were over 40 years old. The rainfall characteristics that triggered each landslide were estimated using a three-layer tank model, and the results, as well as the volume of driftwood produced by the landslides, were then compared. Both landslides occurred when the first tank storage layer value, corresponding to the temporal variation in groundwater level in the shallow soil layer, exceeded its previous maximum. The return period of this value at the time of the landslides was 3.0-fold higher in the more mature forests of Asakura than in the young forests of Kake. The upper limit of driftwood volume was 30-fold higher in Asakura than in Kake. Our findings indicated that shallow landslides and debris flows become increasingly rare as forests mature; however, the large volume of driftwood produced by landslides in mature forests may cause substantial damage when extreme rainfall events exceed the landslide resistance of those forests. These insights may be applied to effective landslide risk management.
Determination of exciton binding energy using photocurrent spectroscopy of Ge quantum-dot single-hole transistors under CW pumping
Authors: Hong Po-Yu , Lai Chi-Cheng , Tsai Ting , Lin Horng-Chih , George Thomas , Kuo David M. T. , Li Pei-Wen
Published: August 2023

We reported exciton binding-energy determination using tunneling-current spectroscopy of Germanium (Ge) quantum dot (QD) single-hole transistors (SHTs) operating in the few-hole regime, under 405–1550 nm wavelength (λ) illumination. When the photon energy is smaller than the bandgap energy (1.46 eV) of a 20 nm Ge QD (for instance, λ = 1310 nm and 1550 nm illuminations), there is no change in the peak voltages of tunneling current spectroscopy even when the irradiation power density reaches as high as 10 µW/µm2. In contrast, a considerable shift in the first hole-tunneling current peak towards positive VG is induced (ΔVG ≈ 0.08 V at 0.33 nW/µm2 and 0.15 V at 1.4 nW/µm2) and even additional photocurrent peaks are created at higher positive VG values (ΔVG ≈ 0.2 V at 10 nW/µm2 irradiation) by illumination at λ = 850 nm (where the photon energy matches the bandgap energy of the 20 nm Ge QD). These experimental observations were further strengthened when Ge-QD SHTs were illuminated by λ = 405 nm lasers at much lower optical-power conditions. The newly-photogenerated current peaks are attributed to the contribution of exciton, biexciton, and positive trion complexes. Furthermore, the exciton binding energy can be determined by analyzing the tunneling current spectra.
Functional annotation and comparative genomics analysis of Balamuthia mandrillaris reveals potential virulence-related genes
Authors: Otero-Ruiz Alejandro , Rodriguez-Anaya Libia Zulema , Lares-Villa Fernando , Lozano Aguirre Beltrán Luis Fernando , Lares-Jiménez Luis Fernando , Gonzalez-Galaviz Jose Reyes , Cruz-Mendívil Abraham
Published: August 2023

Balamuthia mandrillarisis a pathogenic protozoan that causes a rare but almost always fatal infection of the central nervous system and, in some cases, cutaneous lesions. Currently, the genomic data for this free-living amoeba include the description of several complete mitochondrial genomes. In contrast, two complete genomes with draft quality are available in GenBank, but none of these have a functional annotation. In the present study, the complete genome ofB. mandrillarisisolated from a freshwater artificial lagoon was sequenced and assembled, obtaining an assembled genome with better assembly quality parameter values than the currently available genomes. Afterward, the genome mentioned earlier, along with strains V039 and 2046, were subjected to functional annotation. Finally, comparative genomics analysis was performed, and it was found that homologous genes in the core genome potentially involved in the virulence ofAcanthamoebaspp. andTrypanosoma cruzi. Moreover, eleven of fifteen genes were identified in the three strains described as potential target genes to develop new treatment approaches forB. mandrillarisinfections. These results describe proteins in this protozoan's complete genome and help prioritize which target genes could be used to develop new treatments.
Microbiomes and metabolomes of dominant coral reef primary producers illustrate a potential role for immunolipids in marine symbioses
Authors: Mannochio-Russo Helena , Swift Sean O. I. , Nakayama Kirsten K. , Wall Christopher B. , Gentry Emily C. , Panitchpakdi Morgan , Caraballo-Rodriguez Andrés M. , Aron Allegra T. , Petras Daniel , Dorrestein Kathleen , Dorrestein Tatiana K. , Williams Taylor M. , Nalley Eileen M. , Altman-Kurosaki Noam T. , Martinelli Mike , Kuwabara Jeff Y. , Darcy John L. , Bolzani Vanderlan S. , Wegley Kelly Linda , Mora Camilo , Yew Joanne Y. , Amend Anthony S. , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Hynson Nicole A. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Nelson Craig E.
Published: August 2023

The dominant benthic primary producers in coral reef ecosystems are complex holobionts with diverse microbiomes and metabolomes. In this study, we characterize the tissue metabolomes and microbiomes of corals, macroalgae, and crustose coralline algae via an intensive, replicated synoptic survey of a single coral reef system (Waimea Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaii) and use these results to define associations between microbial taxa and metabolites specific to different hosts. Our results quantify and constrain the degree of host specificity of tissue metabolomes and microbiomes at both phylum and genus level. Both microbiome and metabolomes were distinct between calcifiers (corals and CCA) and erect macroalgae. Moreover, our multi-omics investigations highlight common lipid-based immune response pathways across host organisms. In addition, we observed strong covariation among several specific microbial taxa and metabolite classes, suggesting new metabolic roles of symbiosis to further explore.
Leading basic modes of spontaneous activity drive individual functional connectivity organization in the resting human brain
Authors: Chen Xi , Ren Haoda , Tang Zhonghua , Zhou Ke , Zhou Liqin , Zuo Zhentao , Cui Xiaohua , Chen Xiaosong , Liu Zonghua , He Yong , Liao Xuhong
Published: August 2023

Spontaneous activity of the human brain provides a window to explore intrinsic principles of functional organization. However, most studies have focused on interregional functional connectivity. The principles underlying rich repertoires of instantaneous activity remain largely unknown. We apply a recently proposed eigen-microstate analysis to three resting-state functional MRI datasets to identify basic modes that represent fundamental activity patterns that coexist over time. We identify five leading basic modes that dominate activity fluctuations. Each mode exhibits a distinct functional system-dependent coactivation pattern and corresponds to specific cognitive profiles. In particular, the spatial pattern of the first leading basis mode shows the separation of activity between the default-mode and primary and attention regions. Based on theoretical modelling, we further reconstruct individual functional connectivity as the weighted superposition of coactivation patterns corresponding to these leading basic modes. Moreover, these leading basic modes capture sleep deprivation-induced changes in brain activity and interregional connectivity, primarily involving the default-mode and task-positive regions. Our findings reveal a dominant set of basic modes of spontaneous activity that reflect multiplexed interregional coordination and drive conventional functional connectivity, furthering the understanding of the functional significance of spontaneous brain activity.
Critical shifts in lipid metabolism promote megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet formation
Authors: de Jonckheere Bianca , Kollotzek Ferdinand , Münzer Patrick , Göb Vanessa , Fischer Melina , Mott Kristina , Coman Cristina , Troppmair Nina Nicole , Manke Mailin-Christin , Zdanyte Monika , Harm Tobias , Sigle Manuel , Kopczynski Dominik , Bileck Andrea , Gerner Christopher , Hoffmann Nils , Heinzmann David , Assinger Alice , Gawaz Meinrad , Stegner David , Schulze Harald , Borst Oliver , Ahrends Robert
Published: August 2023

During megakaryopoiesis, megakaryocytes (MKs) undergo cellular morphological changes with strong modification of membrane composition and lipid signaling. Here, we adopt a lipid-centric multiomics approach to create a quantitative map of the MK lipidome during maturation and proplatelet formation. Data reveal that MK differentiation is driven by an increased fatty acyl import and de novo lipid synthesis, resulting in an anionic membrane phenotype. Pharmacological perturbation of fatty acid import and phospholipid synthesis blocked membrane remodeling and directly reduced MK polyploidization and proplatelet formation, resulting in thrombocytopenia. The anionic lipid shift during megakaryopoiesis was paralleled by lipid-dependent relocalization of the scaffold protein CKIP-1 and recruitment of the kinase CK2α to the plasma membrane, which seems to be essential for sufficient platelet biogenesis. Overall, this study provides a framework to understand how the MK lipidome is altered during maturation and the effect of MK membrane lipid remodeling on MK kinase signaling involved in thrombopoiesis.
Economic evaluation of 27,540 patients with mood and anxiety disorders and the importance of waiting time and clinical effectiveness in mental healthcare
Authors: Catarino Ana , Harper Samuel , Malcolm Robert , Stainthorpe Angela , Warren Graham , Margoum Morad , Hooper Joel , Blackwell Andrew D. , Welchman Andrew E.
Published: August 2023

Understanding the drivers of health and economic cost for the treatment of mental health conditions is critical to meet the accelerating demands for care. We conducted an economic evaluation of real-world healthcare-systems data from 27,540 patients receiving care for a mood or an anxiety disorder within the UK National Healthcare Service. Using Markov models built on discrete health states to compare the cost-effectiveness of different interventions, we show that the principal drivers of healthcare cost relate to waiting times and treatment effectiveness. We find that internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy has a ‘dominant’ incremental cost-effectiveness ratio relative to standard care, offering similar clinical effectiveness but with shorter treatment times. In most healthcare systems, the clinical effectiveness of mental healthcare remains unquantified, and long treatment times are common. The potential for these findings to inform mental healthcare policy is substantial, particularly around immediacy of access and the importance of outcomes-focused quality management.
Cheminformatics and Bioinformatics at the Interface with Systems Biology
Authors: Kaushik Aman Chandra , Mehmood Aamir , Wei Dongqing , Nawab Sadia , Sahi Shakti , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2023

The cost of drug development is increasing, and investment returns are decreasing. The number of drugs approved by FDA is in decline in terms of the number of new molecular entities (NMEs). Amongst the reasons noted for this are the adverse side effects and reduced efficiency of many of the potential compounds. This is a problem both for the pharmaceutical industry and for those suffering from diseases for which there are no or few available treatments.

Advances in computational chemistry, computer science, structural biology and molecular biology have all contributed to improved drug design strategies and reduced the time taken for drug discovery. By interfacing cheminformatics and bioinformatics with systems biology we can create a powerful tool for understanding the mechanisms of patho-physiological systems and identifying lead molecules for various diseases. This integration of drug design approaches can also play a crucial role in the prediction and rationalization of drug effects and side effects, improving safety and efficacy and leading to better approval rates.

Addressing the lack of knowledge on the fundamental aspects of the various computational tools for drug discovery, this book is a compilation of recent bioinformatics and cheminformatics approaches, and their integration with systems biology. Written primarily for researchers and academics in chem- and bioinformatics, it may also be a useful resource for advanced-level students.
Functionalized nanohybrids with rod shape for improved chemo-phototherapeutic effect against cancer by sequentially generating singlet oxygen and carbon dioxide bubbles
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Lu , Zhang Xianbin , Gong Peng , Wang Xiyu , Xu Zhiying , Nie Ganyu , Xu Lu
Published: August 2023

Rod-shaped and folate-functionalized nanohybrids are able to generate singlet oxygen and carbon dioxide bubbles and improve chemo-phototherapeutic effect against cancer.
Development of a covalent cereblon-based PROTAC employing a fluorosulfate warhead
Authors: Nowak Radosław P. , Ragosta Leah , Huerta Fidel , Liu Hu , Ficarro Scott B. , Cruite Justin T. , Metivier Rebecca J. , Donovan Katherine A. , Marto Jarrod A. , Fischer Eric S. , Zerfas Breanna L. , Jones Lyn H.
Published: August 2023

The first covalent cereblon-based PROTAC was developed using a fluorosulfate warhead to site-specifically engage His353 in the sensor loop of the E3 ligase, yielding a degrader with prolonged pharmacodynamics.
A large-area lithium metal–carbon nanotube film for precise contact prelithiation in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Fangzhou , Wan Wang , Wang Shihe , Zhang Yongyi , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju
Published: August 2023

An ultra-lightweight Li-CNT film was developed as a high-capacity anode prelithiation material, offering exceptional mechanical properties. This innovation holds great potential for precise prelithiation applications in lithium-ion batteries.
U. S. federal perspective on critical research issues in nanoEHS
Authors: Carter Janet , Bjorkland Rhema , Boyes William K. , Geraci Charles , Hackley Vincent A. , Howard John , Kennedy Alan , Linkov Igor , Matheson Joanna , Mortensen Holly , Muianga Custodio , Petersen Elijah J. , Savage Nora , Schulte Paul , Standridge Stacey , Thomas Treye , Trump Benjamin , Nadadur Sri
Published: August 2023

This article discusses critical issues and opportunities in nanotechnology environmental, health, and safety (nanoEHS) research from the perspective of many U.S. NEHI agencies.
Xylooligosaccharides from corn cobs alleviate loperamide-induced constipation in mice via modulation of gut microbiota and SCFA metabolism
Authors: Song Hong , Guo Rui , Sun Xianbao , Kou Yuxing , Ma Xuan , Chen Yinan , Song Lihua , Yuan Chunmei , Wu Yan
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the potential of xylooligosaccharides extracted from corn cobs in alleviating constipation and the mechanism of action in vivo.
Unraveling the role of intra-cellular metabolites in the lactic acid production by novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using sugarcane molasses as a substratum
Authors: Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian , Muthumari Balakrishnan , Kavitha Murugan , John Praveen Kumar John Kennedy , Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam
Published: August 2023

GC-MS and LC-MS analysis investigated the role of intra-cellular metabolites in lactic acid production. An abundance of metabolomics profiles were assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis and PCA. The lactic acid production metabolomics pathway of novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was proposed.
Extending conducting channels in Fe–N-C by interfacial growth of CNTs with minimal metal loss for efficient ORR electrocatalysis
Authors: Garg Reeya , Jaiswal Mohit , Kumar Kaustubh , Kaur Komalpreet , Rawat Bhawna , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Gautam Ujjal K.
Published: August 2023

In situ growth of CNTs was catalyzed by iron nanoparticles embedded on nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets, leading to efficient electrocatalysis with prohibited mass-loss during synthesis of a catalyst material.
A pixelated liquid perovskite array for high-sensitivity and high-resolution X-ray imaging scintillation screens
Authors: Hu Mingzhu , Wang Yumeng , Hu Shengpeng , Wang Zongpeng , Du Bi , Peng Yanjun , Yang Jiawei , Shi Yunjie , Chen Dongdong , Chen Xi , Zhuang Ziwen , Wang Zhixun , Chen Xi , Yang Jiecheng , Ge Yongshuai , Wang Eyu , Wen Quan , Xiao Shuang , Ma Ming , Li Weimin , Zhang Jie , Ning De , Wei Lei , Yang Chunlei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2023

We fabricated pixelated liquid CsPbBr3 QDs/PPO and Mn:CsPbCl3 QDs/PPO arrays for high-sensitivity and high-resolution X-ray imaging scintillation screens.
Controllable chiral memory in an anion tetrahedral cage
Authors: Zhang Wenyao , Zhao Jie , Yang Dong , Li Boyang , Feng Yang , Wang Yue , Zheng Xiaoyan , Yang Xiao-Juan , Wu Biao
Published: August 2023

The chiral induction of a series of chiral biomolecules to an anion-coordination-driven tetrahedral cage 1 was presented in this work, followed by chiral memory effect upon replacing the chiral guests with achiral ones.
A selenium-based “alkahest”: reactive dissolutions of metals and metal compounds with n-alkylammonium polyselenide solutions
Authors: Turnley Jonathan W. , Deshmukh Swapnil D. , Boulos Victoria M. , Spilker Robert , Breckner Christian J. , Ng Kevin , Liu Judy Kuan-Yu , Miller Jeffrey T. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: August 2023

Solutions containing n-alkylammonium polyselenides constitute a new reactive solvent system. This reactive dissolution chemistry is broadly generalizable and can enable solution processed synthesis of a wide range of metal chalcogenide semiconductors, both as thin films and nanoparticles.
Fullerene-derived nanocomposite as an efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and Zn–air battery
Authors: Feng Yongqiang , Li Xu , Liu Qingqing , Zhu Wenjie , Huo Xuemeng , Gao Mengting , Liu Wanwan , Wang Ying , Wei Ying
Published: August 2023

In this paper, synthesis methods of fullerene-based electrocatalysts, their performance and their possible catalytic mechanism are reviewed and discussed. Development of novel fullerene-based catalysts for future investigation are also discussed briefly.
Polymer-based electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries with a wide operating temperature range
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Ren Yi , Guo Xin
Published: August 2023

Polymer-based electrolytes with regulated molecular structures demonstrate excellent temperature tolerance and are ideal for solid-state lithium batteries.
Application of MOF-derived materials as electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion
Authors: Li Jiahe , Luo Haiqiang , Li Bo , Ma Jian-Gong , Cheng Peng
Published: August 2023

This review summarizes the four main synthesis strategies of MOF-derived materials, and the feasibility and challenges of MOF-derived materials in ECO2RR are discussed.
Two-dimensional superconducting nature of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ thin films revealed by BKT transition
Authors: Zhang Liping , Kang Chaoyang , Liu Chengyan , Wang Kai , Zhang Weifeng
Published: August 2023

Three distinct phases (superconducting phase, BKT phase fluctuation state, non-Fermi liquid state) are identified only through DC resistance.
Biologically active drimane derivatives isolated from submerged cultures of the wood-inhabiting basidiomycete Dentipellis fragilis
Authors: Mitschke Nico , Chemutai Sum Winnie , Hassan Khadija , Kirchenwitz Marco , Schrey Hedda , Gerhards Luca , Kellner Harald , Stradal Theresia E. B. , Matasyoh Josphat C. , Stadler Marc
Published: August 2023

Four previously undescribed drimane sesquiterpenoids were isolated from cultures of the wood-inhabiting basidiomycete Dentipellis fragilis along with two other drimanes that were previously only known as synthetic or biotransformation products.
Janus functional electrospun polyurethane fibrous membranes for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Lin Jingjing , He Yushui , He Yuanyuan , Feng Yuan , Wang Xiao , Yuan Lei , Wang Yanchao , Chen Jie , Luo Feng , Li Zhen , Li Jiehua , Tan Hong
Published: August 2023

To promote periodontal tissue regeneration, guided tissue regeneration membranes with Janus function were constructed. One side promotes cell adhesion and mineralization, the other is antimicrobial and restricts fibroblast adhesion and growth.
An ultrasensitive flexible pressure, temperature, and humidity sensor based on structurally adjustable nano-through-hole array films
Authors: Xiao Shuang , He Yin , Lu Yawen , Niu Xin , Li Qianqian , Wu Junxian , Luo Dan , Tian Fujun , Wan Gang , Liu Hao
Published: August 2023

A pressure, temperature and humidity flexible multiresponsive sensor was fabricated, which has independent responses to triple stimulus signals without crosstalk.
The gas-sensing performance of a core–shell SnO2-based chemiresistive MEMS sensor for H2S detection under vacuum
Authors: Pi Wenbo , Chen Xi , Fu Qiuyun , Lu Zixiao , Li Honglang , Tang Zaiqi , Luo Wei
Published: August 2023

We designed and prepared a core–shell structure SnO2@Ag2O composite material with a highly effective interface based on the gas-sensitive working mode of “adsorption + reaction”.
Polymerization-induced clusteroluminescence of poly(cyclic carbonate)s
Authors: Liu Bin , Huang Genghong , Lu Hu-liang , Chen Kang , Yan Zishan , Wang Ya-Ling , Chu Bo , Ren Fu-de , Yang Yongzhen , Zhang Xing-Hong
Published: August 2023

The clusteroluminescence of poly(cyclic carbonate)s is achieved by the through-space n–n interaction of oxygen atoms, showing molecular weight-dependent emission.
Simultaneous optical tuning of reflection and fluorescence in a self-organized simple 3D cubic structure by α-cyanodiarylethene-based chiral fluorescence photoswitches
Authors: Wang Jingjing , He Yanrong , Li Shan , Fan Qingyan , Guo Jinbao
Published: August 2023

A novel optically-tunable BPLC system enabled by an α-cyanodiarylethene fluorescence photoswitch is reported, in which the phototuning of both reflection and fluorescence of BPII with a self-organized simple 3D cubic structure is demonstrated.
Physical Activity in Children With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nedrud Cassandra , Schafer Erin C.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This systematic review follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and aims to examine physical activity in children with hearing loss. Research questions aimed to compare physical activity levels and participation in organized sports in children with hearing loss relative to peers with no hearing loss. A second aim was to examine the impact of the degree of hearing loss and identify modifiable barriers to physical activity.

Method:

Three databases were utilized to identify relevant studies: PubMed, Human Kinetics, and Science Direct. All peer-reviewed studies included in the systematic review focused on physical activity of children with hearing loss ages 0–18 years and were published in English in 2010 or later. Data extraction and verification of the extracted data were completed by the first author, and the data were discussed between authors. Nine peer-reviewed studies with varying research designs and sample sizes were included in the systematic review. Each study was assessed using the adapted McMaster Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies to establish the quality level; ratings across studies were good (
n
= 1) or excellent (
n
= 7).

Results:

Results of the systematic review suggest that children with hearing loss have substantially lower physical activity and participation in organized sports due to the influence of social inclusion and support, parent-related issues, gender, and the presence of other disabilities.

Conclusions:

All research questions were addressed in some capacity. Given that physical activity is vital to the health and development of children, the results of this study support the need for future research focused on mitigation of these and other barriers.
A Roadmap to Enhance Care for People Living With Primary Progressive Aphasia: What Can Be Done Now?
Authors: Gallée Jeanne
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

People living with primary progressive aphasia (PwPPA) face a progressive decline in speech, language, and communication capabilities. PwPPA live with relatively well-preserved cognition, which further contributes to their insight and grief resulting from the losses of language and independence, as well as the misconceptions surrounding the condition. This clinical focus article underscores the clinical necessity of enhancing access to and the quality of care provided to PwPPA while highlighting the unique role of the speech-language pathologist in these services. To help accomplish this, evidence-based practice informed by the current literature is offered to speech-language pathologists working with this target population.

Conclusions:

Palliative, person-centered services for the assessment and management of PPA are necessary to shape the most optimal care trajectory of PwPPA and their care partners. Speech-language pathologists can take concrete steps to improve the assessment and intervention experiences for their clients living with this condition. These steps should include (a) clearly defining the speech-language pathologist's role, (b) providing person-centered processes of assessment, management, and care, (c) defining the provider team, (d) advocating for the client across health care professions, (e) and knowing when to refer out to additional services.
Machine learning and human‐machine trust in healthcare: A systematic survey
Authors: Lin Han , Han Jiatong , Wu Pingping , Wang Jiangyan , Tu Juan , Tang Hao , Zhu Liuning
Published: August 2023

As human‐machine interaction (HMI) in healthcare continues to evolve, the issue of trust in HMI in healthcare has been raised and explored. It is critical for the development and safety of healthcare that humans have proper trust in medical machines. Intelligent machines that have applied machine learning (ML) technologies continue to penetrate deeper into the medical environment, which also places higher demands on intelligent healthcare. In order to make machines play a role in HMI in healthcare more effectively and make human‐machine cooperation more harmonious, the authors need to build good human‐machine trust (HMT) in healthcare. This article provides a systematic overview of the prominent research on ML and HMT in healthcare. In addition, this study explores and analyses ML and three important factors that influence HMT in healthcare, and then proposes a HMT model in healthcare. Finally, general trends are summarised and issues to consider addressing in future research on HMT in healthcare are identified.
A data‐driven distributed fault diagnosis scheme for large‐scale systems based on correlation analysis
Authors: Li Zhennan , Li Linlin , Ding Steven X.
Published: August 2023

This paper studies data‐driven distributed fault diagnosis for large‐scale systems using sensor networks. To be specific, a distributed fault detection scheme based on correlation analysis is first proposed to improve the fault detection performance by minimizing the impact of noise‐induced uncertainty. The core of the method is to implement the correlation of the coupled nodes to reduce the covariance of the residual signal in a distributed manner. Then, a fault localization approach is developed to locate the fault by measuring and comparing the degree of abnormality. A case study on Tennessee Eastman process is given in the end to demonstrate the proposed approach.