bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Steel-FRP Composite Bars (SFCBs) and Performance of SFCB Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Wu G. , Sun Z.Y. , Wu Z.S. , Luo Y.B.
Published: April 2012

A steel-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bar (SFCB) is a novel reinforcing rebar made of an inner steel bar and outer FRP integrated in a pultrusion process. To promote the application of this new reinforcing rebar, this paper explores the mechanical properties of SFCBs and the performance of SFCB-reinforced concrete structures. Test results of SFCBs under uniaxial and cyclic tensile loading show that SFCB has a high elastic modulus, a stable post-yield modulus and a high ultimate strength. The tensile characteristics of SFCBs calculated according to the mixture law are found to be in good agreement with test results. A direct pullout test between SFCBs and concrete was conducted. The failure modes included SFCB pullout before or after inner steel bar yielded, which depended on factors like the steel/FRP ratio, effective bond length, and concrete strength. With its high-performance, especially with regard to anti-corrosion, and low cost, SFCBs are an ideal near-surface mounted (NSM) material to strengthen concrete beams. Experimental results show that NSM-SFCB strengthening can significantly increase both the section stiffness of the flexural members in the service stage and the bearing capacity in the ultimate stage. Concrete columns reinforced by SFCBs under horizontal cyclic loading were also tested, and the results show that concrete columns reinforced by SFCBs possess high initial stiffness, acceptable bearing capacity and good ductility. More importantly, SFCB columns had an obvious post-yield stiffness, which resulted in smaller residual displacement and, therefore, better post-earthquake reparability.
Behavior of FRP Reinforced Concrete Slabs in Case of Fire: Theoretical Models and Experimental Tests
Authors: Nigro E. , Cefarelli G. , Bilotta A. , Manfredi G. , Cosenza E.
Published: April 2012

Several technical codes allow concrete structures reinforced with FRP to be designed, but few calculation models taking account of fire condition are available. Assuming that the anchoring of the reinforcement is ensured in cooler zones of the structure, a calculation procedure developed by authors allows the flexural capacity of the one-way FRP reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions to be assessed. The procedure was used for the design in the fire situation of six concrete slabs reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. Such slabs were tested in case of fire by exposing them to heat in a furnace according to ISO834 standard time-temperature curve: four slabs have been tested under typical design loads in fire situation and two unloaded slabs have been tested after the cooling phase in order to evaluate their residual resistance. The experimental results confirmed that the effects of the high temperatures on both the deterioration of the material mechanical properties and the decrease of bond between FRP reinforcement and concrete are key aspects of the structural behavior of concrete members reinforced with FRP bars. Nevertheless the anchoring length at the end of the members not directly exposed to fire could ensure a fire resistance time higher than 180 minutes.
Serviceability Limit State of FRP RC Beams
Authors: Barris Cristina , Torres Lluís , Baena Marta , Pilakoutas Kypros , Guadagnini Maurizio
Published: April 2012

Owing to the particular mechanical properties of FRPs, the design of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures is often governed by serviceability requirements, rather than ultimate capacity. The low stiffness of FRPs generally results in large strains being mobilized already at low levels of externally applied load, and in turn can lead to significant crack widths and deflections.

This paper reviews and discusses the serviceability limitations inherent in current design codes and guidelines in terms of stress limitation, cracking and deflection control. The predictions obtained in accordance to these code equations, as well as other existing proposals for the design of FRP RC structures, are then compared to the results of an experimental program on 24 GFRP RC beams tested under four-point load.
Shell Elements of Textile Reinforced Concrete Using Fabric Formwork: A Case Study
Authors: Cauberg Niki , Tysmans Tine , Adriaenssens Sigrid , Wastiels Jan , Mollaert Marijke , Belkassem Bachir
Published: April 2012

Innovations in formwork solutions create new possibilities for architectural concrete constructions. Flexible fabric replaces the stiff traditional formwork elements, and takes away a limiting factor for creative designs. Combined with textile reinforcement, the production of a new range of curved and organic shapes becomes possible without the intensive labour for formwork installation.

Besides a general introduction about the concepts of fabric formwork and textile reinforcement, this paper focuses on the production and structural evaluation of doubly curved shells. Creating a very interesting type of element from a structural point of view, the shape flexibility of both the fabric formwork and textile reinforcement make a perfect match to overcome practical production issues for thin shell elements.

The application of shotcrete and the integration of non-metallic reinforcement allowed first of all the production of very thin concrete shell elements based on the design approach of the textile architecture. Comparing a shell structure with traditional reinforcement and one with textile reinforcement, a case study evaluates furthermore both the design and the structural performance of such a shell structure.
Experimental Study of Natural Gas Temperature Effects on the Flame Luminosity and No Emission
Authors: Javadi S. M. , Moghiman M.
Published: April 2012

The flame radiation enhancement in gas-fired furnaces significantly improves the thermal efficiency without significantly affecting the NOx emissions. In this paper, the effects of inlet natural gas preheating on the flame luminosity, overall boiler efficiency, and NO emission in a 120 kW boiler have been investigated experimentally. Flame radiation is measured by use of laboratory pyranometer with photovoltaic sensor. A Testo350XL gas analyzer is also used for measuring the temperature and combustion species. The fuel is preheated from the room temperature to 350°C. The experimental measurements show that the preheating of natural gas up to about 240°C has no considerable effect on the flame luminosity. The results show that increasing the inlet gas temperature from 240°C, abruptly increases the flame luminosity. This luminosity increase enhances the boiler efficiency and also causes significant reduction in flame temperature and NO emission. The results show that increasing the inlet gas temperature from 240°C to 300°C increases the flame luminous radiation by 60% and boiler efficiency by 20%; while the maximum flame temperature and the boiler NO emission show a 10% and 8% decrease respectively.
A Simple Model of Off-Stoichiometric Premixed Fuel Rich Spray Flames with Droplet Evaporation and Pyrolysis
Authors: Greenberg J.B. , Mastorakos E.
Published: April 2012

Fuel droplets that manage to traverse the main reaction zone of a one-dimensional off-stoichiometeric fuel-rich laminar spray flame enter a hot, oxygen-free environment under which conditions their pyrolysis occurs. Under such circumstances the droplets release pyrolysis products which may diffuse back towards the flame front thereby effectively supplying a second (pool of) fuel different to the (first) fuel that was released due to pre-flame droplet evaporation. A new simple mathematical model of the propagation of a spray flame that includes this phenomenon is presented in this work for the first time and a formula is given for the burning velocity. It is shown that under certain operating conditions flame velocity enhancement may occur as a result of the additional fuel supply. Although the effect is limited to a few percent it is pointed out that it may be significant in cases of borderline flame stability and/or ignition/extinction.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations for Thermal Vapor-Liquid Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Wei Yikun.
Published: April 2012

Lattice Boltzmann model with a double distribution functions are used to simulate thermal vapor-liquid two-phase flow. In this model, the single component multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model proposed by Zhang and Chen is used to simulate the fluid dynamics. The internal energy is simulated by using a energy distribution functions. By coupling the fluid dynamics and internal energy field through a suitably defined density term, the thermal gas-liquid phase flows are simulating. Numerical results on phase separation show the coexistence curves of numerical simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions for the density of gas-liquid phase, and the internal energy of gas is higher than the internal energy of liquid at the same reduced temperature.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Single Bubble Deformation and Breakup in a Shear Flow
Authors: Wei Yi. kun. , Qian Yuehong. , Xu Hui.
Published: April 2012

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the deformation and breakup of single bubble in a shear flow. Numerical simulations of single bubble deformation are qualitatively compared with experimental results in a shear flow. Respectively the rotation angle θ is quantitatively compared with experimental results according to different capillary numbers ( Ca), which shows numerical simulations are in agreement with the experimental results and theoretical results. Finally, the breakup process of single bubble in a shear flow is simulated straightforwardly.
An Assessment of Suitability of a SIMPLE VOF/PLIC-CSF Multiphase Flow Model for Rising Bubble Dynamics
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil , Delauré Y. M. C.
Published: April 2012

A Volume of Fluid (VOF) – Youngs' model for the solution of an incompressible immiscible two-phase flows is presented. The solver computes the flow field by solving the family of Navier Stokes equations on a fixed (Eulerian) Staggered Cartesian grid using the Finite Volume formulation of Semi-Implicit Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) method and tracks the position of interface between two fluids with different fluid properties by Piecewise Linear Interface Construction (PLIC) Method. The suitability of the SIMPLE type implementation is assessed by investigating the dynamics of free rising bubbles for different fluid properties and flow parameters. The results obtained with the present numerical method for rising bubbles in viscous liquids are compared with reported numerical and experimental results.
Identification of the human PMR1 mRNA endonuclease as an alternatively processed product of the gene for peroxidasin-like protein
Authors: Gu Shan-Qing , Bakthavachalu Baskar , Han Joonhee , Patil Deepak P. , Otsuka Yuichi , Guda Chittibabu , Schoenberg Daniel R.
Published: April 2012

The PMR1 endonuclease was discovered in Xenopus liver and identified as a member of the large and diverse peroxidase gene family. The peroxidase genes arose from multiple duplication and rearrangement events, and their high degree of sequence similarity confounded attempts to identify human PMR1. The functioning of PMR1 in mRNA decay depends on the phosphorylation of a tyrosine in the C-terminal polysome targeting domain by c-Src. The sequences of regions that are required for c-Src binding and phosphorylation of Xenopus PMR1 were used to inform a bioinformatics search that identified two related genes as potential candidates for human PMR1: peroxidasin homolog (PXDN) and peroxidasin homolog-like (PXDNL) protein. Although each of these genes is predicted to encode a large, multidomain membrane-bound peroxidase, alternative splicing of PXDNL pre-mRNA yields a transcript whose predicted product is a 57-kDa protein with 42% sequence identity to Xenopus PMR1. Results presented here confirm the existence of the predicted 57-kDa protein, show this is the only form of PXDNL detected in any of the human cell lines examined, and confirm its identity as human PMR1. Like the Xenopus protein, human PMR1 binds to c-Src, is tyrosine phosphorylated, sediments on polysomes, and catalyzes the selective decay of a PMR1 substrate mRNA. Importantly, the expression of human PMR1 stimulates cell motility in a manner similar to that of the Xenopus PMR1 expressed in human cells, thus providing definitive evidence linking endonuclease decay to the regulation of cell motility.
ePAT: A simple method to tag adenylated RNA to measure poly(A)-tail length and other 3′ RACE applications
Authors: Jänicke Amrei , Vancuylenberg John , Boag Peter R. , Traven Ana , Beilharz Traude H.
Published: April 2012

The addition of a poly(A)-tail to the 3′ termini of RNA molecules influences stability, nuclear export, and efficiency of translation. In the cytoplasm, dynamic changes in the length of the poly(A)-tail have long been recognized as reflective of the switch between translational silence and activation. Thus, measurement of the poly(A)-tail associated with any given mRNA at steady-state can serve as a surrogate readout of its translation-state. Here, we describe a simple new method to 3′-tag adenylated RNA in total RNA samples using the intrinsic property of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I to extend an RNA primer using a DNA template. This tag can serve as an anchor for cDNA synthesis and subsequent gene-specific PCR to assess poly(A)-tail length. We call this method extension Poly(A) Test (ePAT). The ePAT approach is as efficient as traditional Ligation-Mediated Poly(A) Test (LM-PAT) assays, avoids problems of internal priming associated with oligo-dT-based methods, and allows for the accurate analysis of both the poly(A)-tail length and alternate 3′ UTR usage in 3′ RACE applications.
Ligation of a Fistula between the Left Main Coronary Artery and Both the Pulmonary Artery and the Right Ventricle
Authors: Algin I. Halil , Yesilay Aytekin , Akcar N. Murat
Published: April 2012

The frequency of coronary artery fistula among all coronary angiography patients is 0.1% to 0.2%; however, involvement of both the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle is a rare clinical entity. A 53-year-old man patient was admitted to our clinic with rarely occurring chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. A coronary angiogram showed a fistula between the left main coronary artery and both the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. We performed a ligation of this fistula without cardiopulmonary bypass. Aorta and right ventricle sutures were made, and the proximal and distal portions of the fistula were obliterated with 5-0 Prolene sutures and previously prepared Teflon felt. The patient recovered and was discharged without any complications. The surgical indications for coronary artery fistulas are symptomatic disease, an aneurysmic coronary artery, signs of heart failure, and ischemia. The surgical options in such cases�depending on whether the fistula is complicated or not�are simple ligation or transarterial ligation under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Computerized Tomography May Underestimate the Patency of Internal Thoracic Artery Composite Grafts
Authors: Lim Cheong , Park Kay-Hyun , Kim Tae-Hun , Jung Yochun , Park Il , Choi Sang Il , Chun Eun Ju
Published: April 2012

Background: Multidetector-row computerized tomography (MDCT) has been regarded as useful for noninvasive assessment of the bypass grafts after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but there have been few reports validating its accuracy in assessment of composite arterial graft patency.

Methods: In 108 patients who underwent CABG with a Y-composite graft made of bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITAs), early postoperative (mean interval, 4.9 months) MDCT findings were compared with the findings of subsequent conventional coronary angiography (19 patients, mean 4.7 months after initial MDCT) or later MDCT (89 patients, mean 31.0 months after surgery). A total of 248 grafts with 409 distal anastomoses (mean 3.8/patient) were assessed.

Results: In the early MDCT, the left ITA was patent in 94.4%. The right ITA with multiple sequential anastomoses was completely patent in 73.8% and partially patent in 21.4%. Discrepancy of findings between early computed tomography (CT) and later imaging studies was found in 18 patients (16.7%). Fourteen (42.4%, 4 left and 10 right ITAs) among the 33 initially nonvisualized grafts showed improved patency in later MDCT or conventional angiogram. The positive predictive value of the early MDCT for ITA composite graft occlusion was calculated at 57.6% or lower, whereas the negative predictive value was 97.8% or higher.

Conclusions: For a composite graft made of bilateral ITAs, especially for those with multiple sequential anastomoses, MDCT may reflect only the functional patency and underestimate the actual anatomic patency.
Clinical and Pathologic Comparison of Simple Left-to-Right Shunt Congenital Heart Disease and Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Liang Jian , Du Ming
Published: April 2012

Background: This study aimed to compare clinical and pathologic data for selected patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) treated with a diagnostic-treatment-and-repair strategy and to compare results for patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) with simple left-to-right shunt CHD with patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD).

Methods: Group I comprised 38 patients with simple left-to-right shunt CHD and severe PH; group II included 11 older patients with TGA with VSD and severe PH; and group III comprised 6 autopsy cases of individuals with a normal circulation. The nature of the pulmonary arteries was determined by the Heath-Edwards classification system. All specimens were quantitatively analyzed.

Results: Group I showed 31 patients with a change to grade I, 3 patients were grade II, 3 patients were grade III, and only 1 patient was grade IV. Group II showed 7 patients with a change to grade I, 2 patients were grade II, 1 patient was grade III, and only 1 patient was grade IV. The media wall thickness percentage (%MT), the media wall area percentage (%MS), and arteriole density were significantly higher in groups I and II than in group III. %MS was significantly higher in group II than in group I; no significant differences in %MT and arteriole density could be found between groups I and II.

Conclusions: The PVD in these selected patients with CHD and severe PH who were cared for with a diagnostic-treatment-and-repair strategy is generally reversible, and the changes in PVD in the patients with TGA and VSD were similar to those in the patients with simple left-to-right shunt CHD.
Modified Reposition of the JOTEC Prosthesis in the Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure
Authors: Ghodsizad Ali , Farag Mina Berty , Ungerer Matthias , Karck Matthias , Tochtermann Ursela , Ruhparwar Arjang
Published: April 2012

We describe a procedure in which we inserted a modified JOTEC graft following a known complication in the case of a 78-year-old male patient who underwent surgery with the frozen elephant trunk technique for an acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.
Clinical Labeling and Imaging of Transplanted CD133+/CD34+ Stem Cells in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Ghodsizad Ali , Bordel Viktor , Bruckner Brian , Loebe Mathias , Fuerst Gunter , Mirsaidi I. , Sucker M. , Ruhparwar Arjang , Karck Matthias , Klein Hans Michael
Published: April 2012

The application of somatic stem cells has been shown to support the recovery of the myocardium in end-stage heart failure. A novel method for the intraoperative isolation and labeling of bone marrow-derived stem cells was established. After induction of general anesthesia, up to 400 mL of bone marrow were harvested from the posterior iliac crest and processed in the operating room under good manufacturing practice conditions by means of the automated cell-selection device Clini-MACS (Miltenyi Biotec). We subsequently injected autologous CD133+ and CD34+ stem cells in a predefined pattern around the laser channels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and transmyocardial laser procedures. Intraoperative isolation and labeling is an effective cell-separation tool for the future, considering that novel cell markers can be promising new candidates for cell therapy.
Metastasizing Primary Atrial Leiomyosarcoma Causing a Functional High-Grade Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Wilbring Manuel , Kappert Utz , Daubner Dirk , Matschke Klaus , Tugtekin Sems Malte
Published: April 2012

We report the case of a 43-year-old man who presented with a primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma and multiple metastases. Despite the severely poor prognosis, cardiac surgery was performed as part of a multidisciplinary palliative approach, which paved the way for further chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
A(H1N1)v cases of the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 influenza seasons in the Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Debrecen University
Authors: Orosi Piroska , Szidor Judit , Tóthné Tóth Tünde , Kónya József
Published: April 2012

The swine-origin new influenza variant A(H1N1) emerged in 2009 and changed the epidemiology of the 2009/2010 influenza season globally and at national level. Aims: The aim of the authors was to analyse the cases of two influenza seasons. Methods: The Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Debrecen University has 1690 beds with 85 000 patients admitted per year. The diagnosis of influenza was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction in the microbiological laboratories of the University and the National Epidemiological Centre, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization. Results: The incidence of influenza was not higher than that observed in the previous season, but two high-risk patient groups were identified: pregnant women and patients with immunodeficiency (oncohematological and organ transplant patients). The influenza vaccine, which is free for high-risk groups and health care workers in Hungary, appeared to be effective for prevention, because in the 2010/2011 influenza season none of the 58 patients who were administered the vaccination developed influenza. Conclusion: It is an important task to protect oncohematological and organ transplant patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 649–654.
Management of post partum haemorrhage
Authors: Csorba Roland
Published: April 2012

Primary post partum haemorrhage is the most common form of major obstetric haemorrhage. The traditional definition of primary post partum haemorrhage is the loss of 500 ml or more of blood from the genital tract within 24 hours of the birth of a baby. Post partum haemorrhage can be minor (500–1000 ml) or major (more than 1000 ml). Major could be divided to moderate (1000–2000 ml) or severe (more than 2000 ml). The recommendations in this article apply to women experiencing primary post partum haemorrhage of 500 ml or more. Secondary post partum haemorrhage is defined as abnormal or excessive bleeding from the birth canal between 24 hours and 12 weeks postnatally. The main causes of the secondary form are: inflammations (endometritis), placental tissue retention, inadequate involution of the uterus and malignancy. Because of its importance as a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, obstetric haemorrhage must be considered as a priority topic. According to the tragic and dramatic outcomes of this morbidity, and to the fact that most cases of post partum haemorrhage have no identifiable risk factors, the practical obstetricians should be aware of the accurate diagnosis and management of this illness. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 643–648.
Changes in the socio-economic system and political regime and the fourth stage of the epidemiological transition
Authors: Józan Péter
Published: April 2012

A new epidemiological stage has begun in Hungary as a result of the implosion of state-socialism. It has made the transition to market economy and open society possible. The emerging economic and social system has created the basis for terminating the chronic qualitative epidemiological crisis and for the renewal of the epidemiological development. The new political and socio-economic system has had a decisive impact on the decrease in mortality and consequently to the increase in life expectancy in the countries east of the River Elbe. Besides the spread of health conscious behaviour, the efficacy of new medications and invasive medical interventions just as much as the network of emergency centres have contributed to the favourable changes. The most characteristic feature of the new epidemiological stage is that it delays the progression of chronic diseases and postpones the time of death. In a large extent the successful prevention, treatment and care of diseases of the circulatory system are mainly responsible for increasing the life expectancy at birth. Paradoxically, whereas life expectancy has increased in the country on the whole, social inequality has also increased. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 662–677.
Ammonium sulphate on maize crops under no tillage
Authors: Silva Maria Anita Gonçalves da , Mannigel Anny Rosi , Muniz Antonio Saraiva , Porto Simone Maria Altoé , Marchetti Marlene Estevão , Nolla Antonio , Bertani Rosemary Marques de Almeida
Published: April 2012

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the management of N and S (as ammonium sulphate) fertilization under no-tillage system on the components of maize productivity and on N and S accumulation in the crop, as well as to evaluate the minimum value of the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI 0.95) as an indicator for side dressing requirements. The experiment had a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications carried out in Red Latosol dystrophic soil (Hapludox), in Campo Mourão, Paraná State, where the following treatments in summer growth maize were applied: T1- 120 kg ha-1 N in seeding; T2- 120 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T3- 40 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 80 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T4- 30 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 90 kg ha-1 N in side dressing, monitored by a chlorophyll meter using the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI); T5- 120 kg ha-1 N anticipated in wheat seeding; T6- without nitrogen fertilization. NSI was determined by the relationship between the leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) average of T4 plants and that one in the plot fertilized with 120 kg ha-1 N at the maize seed sowing (T1). During two years, ammonium sulphate was applied to the maize crop after wheat under no tillage system. In the first year, with adequate rainfall, the maize yield was similar to the one in which the complete ammonium sulphate dose application was done in maize seeding and side dressing. The anticipated fertilization to wheat seed sowing resulted in maize yield without difference from the parceled form. In the second year, with irregular rainfall, all treatments with N were similar and they increased maize yield compared to that without N fertilization. NSI of 0.95 was not efficient to evaluate maize N requirements in side dressing, and resulted in lower maize yield. N was accumulated mainly in the grains unlike S that accumulated in the plant shoots; both were highly correlated to maize productivity.
Reavaliação dos critérios constantes na legislação brasileira para análises de substratos
Authors: Abreu Mônica Ferreira de , Dias Rosane da Silva , Abreu Cleide Aparecida de , Gonzalez Antonio Paz
Published: April 2012

No Brasil, o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento é o responsável pela legislação que regulamenta as especificações, garantias, tolerâncias, registro, embalagem e rotulagem de substratos para as plantas. Na Instrução Normativa n.º 14 e nas IN nº 17 e 31 estão as exigências quanto aos valores e aos métodos de pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), densidade seca, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA10) e umidade. Os desvios aceitáveis são de ±0,5 para o pH, ±0,3 dS m-1 para a CE, ±15% para densidade seca, até -10% (m/m) para a CRA10 e até +10% para umidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as medidas de pH, CE, densidade seca, CRA10 e umidade de diversos substratos para as plantas, durante o período de seis meses de armazenamento, fornecendo subsídios técnicos para a legislação brasileira. Utilizaram-se nove amostras de substratos comerciais, orgânicas e inorgânicas. Alguns desvios em relação à faixa tolerada pela normativa brasileira foram observados para o pH, CE, CRA10 e umidade em 5,4,6 e 2 amostras respectivamente. Os resultados de densidade seca estavam dentro da faixa permitida pela legislação brasileira. A CRA10 foi a de maior restrição quanto à legislação brasileira, seguida dos valores de pH. Sugere-se o aumento da tolerância para CRA de -15% (m/m) e para o valor de pH±1,0. Além disso, recomenda-se uma reavaliação por parte dos produtores de substratos em relação às matérias-primas constituintes de alguns substratos ou do tempo de armazenamento.
Revisiting the probabilistic definition of drought: strengths, limitations and an agrometeorological adaptation
Authors: Blain Gabriel Constantino
Published: April 2012

Drought is a slow-moving hazard that occurs in virtually all countries of the world. In the light of this, several indices have been developed to improve the detection of drought's onset, as well as quantifying other features of this phenomenon. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is often used in order to characterize meteorological droughts. In addition, this index is largely used by Brazilian's agricultural institutions. In order to add important information to the drought literature, this review article described a general definition of drought, evaluated it from a statistical point of view, and also described the SPI strengths and limitations. An adaptation of the SPI that aims to develop a probability-based agricultural drought index was also presented. The results obtained herein, associated with several studies carried out throughout the world, demonstrated that the SPI is not an agricultural index. It is just a mathematical approach developed to transforming skewed distributions into the Gaussian form. If this standardization cannot be achieved, the use of this index becomes meaningless. Therefore, a normality test should be used in establishing a temporal lower limit for the SPI computations. It was also verified that for periods in which the probability associated with the zero precipitation value is close to 0.5, the SPI may erroneously indicate the end of an existing drought (or a decrease in its severity) in the presence of a decrease in the actual evapotranspiration values.
Caracterização agronômica de mutantes de bananeira obtidos por meio da radiação gama
Authors: Amorim Edson Perito , Pestana Rosa Karla Nogueira , Silva Sebastião de Oliveira e , Tulmann Neto Augusto
Published: April 2012

A bananeira é uma das fruteiras de maior importância econômica, explorada quase exclusivamente por pequenos produtores. Constitui-se em fonte contínua de alimento e renda. Embora o Brasil figure como um dos maiores produtores de banana, a bananicultura nacional enfrenta sérios problemas nas fases de produção e pós-colheita, que limitam sua inserção no mercado internacional. Um dos fatores que levam a grandes perdas na produção é o tombamento resultante da altura elevada da planta das principais cultivares comerciais. Uma estratégia para a solução deste problema é a redução do porte por indução de mutação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar mutantes de banana tipo Prata (cv´s Pacovan e Preciosa) irradiadas, durante dois ciclos de produção, visando à seleção de plantas com porte baixo e boas características agronômicas. Plantas in vitro das duas cultivares foram irradiadas com raios gamas nas doses de 20 Gy ('Pacovan' - 200 mudas) e 30 Gy ('Preciosa' - 200 mudas), subcultivadas por quatro vezes e posteriormente avaliadas em campo durante dois ciclos de produção. Foram selecionados quatro mutantes de cada cultivar com altura inferior à média de altura das testemunhas, após dois ciclos de avaliação. Observou-se que em alguns desses mutantes houve maior precocidade e maior massa do cacho quando comparados com as testemunhas. Pelos resultados, é possível selecionar plantas mutantes com características agronômicas superiores, tanto para a 'Pacovan' quanto para a 'Preciosa', submetidas à radiação gama.
Espectrorradiometria de solos e comparação com sensores orbitais
Authors: Genú Aline Marques , Demattê José A. M.
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e comparar o comportamento espectral de diferentes classes de solo obtidos de sensores orbitais e terrestres. Para tanto, em Rafard (SP), uma área de 184 ha foi estaqueada em grade regular de 100 x 100 m e amostras de solo foram coletadas e seus pontos georreferenciados. Posteriormente, foram obtidas as curvas espectrais das amostras com o sensor IRIS e os pontos amostrais, sobrepostos às imagens Landsat e ASTER da área para coleta dos dados espectrais orbitais. Na sequência, as amostras de terra foram divididas por classe de solo e geradas curvas espectrais médias, por classe de solo, para todos os sensores. Verificou-se que essas classes foram diferenciadas pela textura, matéria orgânica e pelo ferro total para todos os sensores estudados, ressaltando-se que os sensores orbitais, apesar da menor resolução espectral, mantiveram as características das curvas de solo quanto à intensidade de reflectância.
Alterações físico-químicas e movimentação de íons em Latossolo gibbsítico sob doses de gesso
Authors: Serafim Milson Evaldo , Lima José Maria de , Lima Vico Mendes Pereira , Zeviani Walmes Marques , Pessoni Patrícia Terezinha
Published: April 2012

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de gesso no ponto de carga zero estimado (PCZ), na dinâmica do cálcio, magnésio, potássio e sulfato, e na retenção de água de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico gibbsítico, textura muito argilosa, realizou-se experimento em vasos, em casa de vegetação. Foram estudadas seis doses de gesso agrícola (correspondentes a 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 Mg ha-1) e duas condições de fornecimento de água, "sem veranico" e "com veranico" para a soja cultivada. Na coleta de solo para o experimento foram consideradas as camadas 0-0,2 m e 0,7-0,9 m representando os horizontes A e Bw respectivamente. Foram montados vasos com a sobreposição de dois tubos de PVC de 0,2 m de comprimento e 0,1 m de diâmetro interno, formando duas camadas: a superior, com material do horizonte A, corrigido com calcário dolomítico, e a inferior, com material do horizonte Bw, sem correção do pH; ambas na densidade de 1 kg dm-3. O PCZ foi alterado em função das doses de gesso. Houve aumento dos teores de Ca, também em resposta as doses de gesso. Não houve diferença nos teores de S na camada superficial, mas houve aumento na camada subsuperficial em resposta à dose de gesso. Constatou-se redução nos teores de Mg na camada superficial e elevação na camada subsuperficial, com o aumento das doses de gesso. Não houve variação nos teores de K e na retenção de água para as diferentes doses de gesso e regime de fornecimento de água.
Reação de genótipos de feijão-caupi revela resistência às coinfecções pelo Cucumber mosaic virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus e Cowpea severe mosaic virus
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia Roberta Ribeiro de , Freire Filho Francisco Rodrigues , Nogueira Maria do Socorro da Rocha , Barros Gislanne Brito , Eiras Marcelo , Ribeiro Valdenir Queiroz , Lopes Ângela Celis de Almeida
Published: April 2012

O rendimento do feijão-caupi pode ser afetado por diversos fatores, em especial as viroses. As principais espécies de vírus que infectam o feijão-caupi, no Brasil, são: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e o Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). Este trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas e teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de feijão-caupi quanto à resistência à infecção simples pelo CMV e mista nas combinações CMV+CABMV, CMV+CPSMV-I e CMV+CABMV+CPSMV-I. Inicialmente, foram incluídos 57 genótipos, sendo três avaliações em gaiolas com tela antiafídeos sob infecção controlada, e uma em condição de campo sob infecção natural. Em seguida, foram selecionados 18 genótipos para serem desenvolvidos em nove ensaios, oito em gaiolas com tela antiafídeos sob infecção controlada, e um em campo sob infecção natural. Nesses ensaios, avaliaram-se os efeitos qualitativos e quantitativos resultantes das infecções. No ensaio de campo, foram avaliados o número de plantas assintomáticas, comprimento de vagem, número de grãos por vagem, massa de cem grãos e produtividade. As coinfecções reduziram a altura da planta e a massa seca. Além disso, nas infecções envolvendo os três vírus ocorreu a morte prematura de alguns genótipos. Os genótipos BR17-Gurguéia, Epace V-96, TE97-309G-9, TE97-309G-22, TE97-309G-24 e Patativa, além de bom comportamento diante das coinfecções virais, têm sementes com padrão comercial, podendo ser empregadas diretamente em programas de melhoramento.
Modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão de porco por dimensões foliares
Authors: Toebe Marcos , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Burin Cláudia , Fick André Luis , Neu Ismael Mario Márcio , Casarotto Gabriele , Alves Bruna Mendonça
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar a área foliar de feijão de porco determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Em seis períodos de desenvolvimento da cultura (29, 43, 57, 73, 87 e 101 dias após a emergência) foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, 745 folhas. Cada folha é composta pelos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito. Nas 745 folhas foi mensurado o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento pela largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar (soma da área dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito) por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Do total de folhas, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 605 folhas para a construção de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC e 140 folhas para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão de porco, o modelo tipo potência (Ŷ=3,7046x1,8747, R²=0,9757) da largura do limbo do folíolo central é adequado para estimar a área foliar obtida por fotos digitais.
O ensino de Psicologia no século XIX na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Massimi Marina
Published: April 2012

Objeto do artigo são os conhecimentos psicológicos transmitidos e produzidos em instituições de ensino superior e secundário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, durante o século XIX (até 1870), visando-se evidenciar por meio da análise critica a significação conceituai e a função social doe mesmos no fimbito do contexto brasileiro da época. Através de um levantamento de material documentário relativo a algumas escolas importantes do Rio de Janeiro, no século XIX, foi possível reconstruir o quadro dos conteúdos e das práticas psicológicas objeto de ensino e de elaboração em tais escolas, evidenciando-se a coexistência de diferentes propostas em termos de abordagens doutrinárias, de enfoques metodológicos, de objetivos visados.
Considerações sobre o indivíduo representativo
Authors: Miranda Ivanise Leite de
Published: April 2012

Neste artigo são elaboradas considerações a propósito da importância teórica e metodológica de contextualizar o indivíduo, sob uma abordagem sócio-histórica. Registra-se uma dupla concepção desse objeto de estudo: os "homens reais", "indivíduos concretos", vivendo no mundo da alienação que os deforma, mutila e limita sua evolução; e o "homem representativo", "total" ou "verdadeiro", que corresponde à imagem de suas possibilidades históricas. Tenta-se aqui, apenas iniciar a discussão sobre tal objeto, sem nenhuma intenção de esgotá-lo, ou mesmo de dar conta da infinidade de facetas que o compõem.
Mães "abandonantes": fragmentos de uma história silenciada
Authors: Fonseca Claudia
Published: April 2012

Inspirado nos relatos dos membros de uma associação brasileira de filhos adotivos, este artigo propõe rastrear pistas sobre as mulheres que deram seus filhos em adoção em meados do último século. Juntando evidências fragmentadas - nas entrevistas com os adotados, nas cartas no site da associação, nos processos jurídicos do Arquivo Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, nos relatórios da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, nas informações sumárias fornecidas hoje por instituições filantrópicas que acolhiam gestantes solteiras décadas atrás -, esta análise procura responder a duas perguntas levantadas pelos próprios adotados: por que eles foram dados em adoção? E por que os detalhes da adoção foram sistematicamente silenciados pelos pais adotivos, pelos intermediários e pelas autoridades estatais? O material sugere diversas possibilidades para explicar a entrega de uma criança em adoção no contexto brasileiro dos anos 1950-1970: a falta de autonomia legal e econômica das mulheres, uma moralidade sexual repressiva e a instabilidade geográfica e conjugal associada à pobreza. Ao mesmo tempo, as próprias dificuldades de encontrar informações sobre as mulheres "abandonantes" daquela época levantam hipóteses sobre as disputas institucionais (entre pais adotivos, serviços filantrópicos e juizados) que criaram um silêncio em torno desse momento da evolução da adoção legal no Brasil.
Cidadania e feminismo no reconhecimento dos direitos humanos das mulheres
Authors: Prá Jussara Reis , Epping Léa
Published: April 2012

Este artigo examina ações de cidadania e de proteção dos direitos humanos das mulheres. Aborda a articulação global de movimentos de mulheres e feministas e o seu impacto na configuração de acordos internacionais e agendas públicas nacionais nos três últimos decênios. A análise busca a conexão entre estudos feministas, de gênero e de capital social para refletir sobre os padrões de inserção política feminina nos âmbitos mundial e brasileiro, avaliar os sentidos e significados dessa participação e a sua incidência na geração de mudanças legais e culturais orientadas à equidade de gênero e à expansão da cidadania das mulheres.
Reflexões sobre o processo histórico-discursivo do uso da legítima defesa da honra no Brasil e a construção das mulheres
Authors: Ramos Margarita Danielle
Published: April 2012

O presente artigo busca compreender, à luz da teoria de gênero, como, ainda hoje, nos julgamentos de assassinatos de mulheres a prerrogativa da legítima defesa da honra tem sido usada na defesa do réu como tentativa de reversão da pena de homicídio qualificado. Para tanto, fizemos um estudo dos códigos da legislação vigente no Brasil relacionados ao tema de nosso trabalho desde o período colonial até os dias de hoje. O trabalho procura mostrar como o assassinato das mulheres é o final de uma rede de violações contra elas que tem seu início na forma como as mulheres são produzidas pelo discurso.
La influencia del género en las decisiones de los tribunales: del paternalismo judicial a los papeles familiares
Authors: Castro-Rodrigues Andreia de , Sacau Ana
Published: April 2012

Recurriendo al concepto de género como objeto de análisis, este artículo realiza una retrospectiva sobre la evolución de la investigación sobre la influencia de factores extralegales en las decisiones judiciales, a través de la lectura de sus referencias bibliográficas más destacadas. En el caso concreto del género, esta evolución se caracteriza por una sofisticación crítica que provocó un cambio en las explicaciones asociadas a las diferencias encontradas en las sentencias atribuidas a hombres y mujeres. Esta transición parte de perspectivas simplistas relacionadas con una actitud paternalista por parte del sistema de justicia criminal, y evoluciona hasta perspectivas complejas y multifacéticas relacionadas con los diferentes papeles familiares ejercidos por hombres y mujeres.
Novas práticas corporais no espaço doméstico: a domesticidade pop na revista Casa & Jardim durante os anos 1970
Authors: Santos Marinês Ribeiro dos , Pedro Joana Maria , Rial Carmen
Published: April 2012

Neste artigo, destacamos as mudanças nas práticas corporais das mulheres mediante a análise dos modelos de domesticidade veiculados pela revista Casa & Jardim, sobretudo no intervalo que abarca o final dos anos 1960 e a primeira metade da década de 1970. Temos como objetivo evidenciar a incorporação da linguagem pop na decoração de interiores domésticos brasileiros como um dos aspectos da cultura jovem, forjada em escala internacional ao longo dos anos 1960. Alinhados com a revolução comportamental, com as ideias do feminismo e com a postura iconoclasta da juventude da época, os ambientes pop propunham novas formas de mediação entre as pessoas e os artefatos que contribuíram na transformação dos esquemas corporais associados às representações de feminilidades.
Revendo estereótipos: o papel dos homens no trabalho doméstico
Authors: Bruschini Maria Cristina Aranha , Ricoldi Arlene Martinez
Published: April 2012

Este artigo apresenta, de forma resumida, os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a participação masculina no trabalho doméstico, no cotidiano familiar e no cuidado com os filhos pequenos. Os procedimentos adotados em tal pesquisa incluíram etapas de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. A primeira contou com entrevistas exploratórias, debates com grupos de homens de renda familiar inferior a cinco salários mínimos, pais de filhos com menos de 14 anos, por meio da metodologia de grupos focais. Na parte quantitativa foram utilizados dados secundários sobre a participação masculina nos "afazeres domésticos" e sobre o tempo gasto em tais atividades, obtidos nas bases de dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE) de 2006.
As imagens não falam por si mesmas: um estudo sociológico da equipe do transplante hepático
Authors: Maciel-Lima Sandra Mara , Rasia José Miguel
Published: April 2012

O presente artigo visa entender como uma equipe de transplante hepático se relaciona com a constante tensão entre certeza e incerteza nas práticas médicas associadas à utilização de imagens durante o processo de transplante. Para tanto, utiliza-se a metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, a etnografia e o estudo de caso como procedimentos técnicos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação e entrevistas semidiretivas realizadas com a equipe de transplante do Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR. Toda imagem demanda a análise e interpretação, de preferência de um especialista em imagem, capaz de identificar o que esta revela. E é nesse momento que se percebem as insuficiências das imagens e ao mesmo tempo do manifesto pela certeza; da ilusão de uma prática de interpretação sem a presença da subjetividade de quem interpreta. Na análise de imagens médicas o que está em jogo também é o modo de ver o objeto analisado. Muitas vezes o que se vê são fragmentos do que ocorre no corpo, e a interpretação dessa imagem pressupõe informações que não estão visíveis, mas que são capturadas pela experiência e pelo conhecimento adquiridos pelo médico ao longo do tempo e também na sua relação com o paciente. Percebe-se, assim, que mesmo com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de imagem no campo médico, não se elimina a tensão entre a objetividade e a subjetividade, entre a certeza e a incerteza, entre o saber e o ver.