bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer, the FIB-4 index, and a combination of the two as predictors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kiyoaki Ito , Sumida Yoshio , Nakade Yukiomi , Okumura Akinori , Nishimura Sayaka , Ibusuki Mayu , Kitano Rena , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Kimoto Satoshi , Inoue Tadahisa , Kobayashi Yuji , Fukuzawa Yoshitaka , Yoneda Masashi
Published: November 2022

Approximately 10% non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosing NASH and associated liver fibrosis, is invasive with a risk of life-threatening complications. Therefore, reliable non-invasive biomarkers for predicting NASH are required to prevent unnecessary liver biopsies. We evaluated the performance of two non-invasive fibrosis markers, Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) and the FIB-4 index for predicting the fibrosis staging, NAFLD activity scoring (NAS) index, and NASH. We also analyzed the correlation between the two markers. The sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values of the FIB-4 index, M2BPGi, and a combination of both markers for NASH diagnosis were evaluated. The M2BPGi and FIB-4 index showed a good performance in diagnosing NASH, the fibrosis stage, and the NAS index in NAFLD patients. While both markers were well-correlated with each other in most cases, no correlation was found in some patients. Compared with the FIB-4 index or the M2BPGi alone, a combination of the two showed a higher specificity, PPV, and accuracy for NASH diagnosis. The M2BPGi and the FIB-4 index are easily accessible and reliable liver fibrosis markers. Diseases other than liver disease may cause dissociation between the two markers, causing failure to predict NASH. However, the combination of both markers can compensate for their disadvantages. Because the PPV of the combination was relatively high, patients who test positive for both markers should undergo liver biopsy for NASH diagnosis.
Non-trivial relationship between scaling behavior and the spatial organization of GDP in Indonesian cities
Authors: Kuno Genta , Pradipto
Published: November 2022

Urban scaling analysis has shown that various aggregated urban quantities obey power-law relationships with the population size. Despite the rapid progress, direct empirical evidence that shows how the power-law exponents β depend on the spatial organization of the GDP has been lacking. Moreover, urban scaling studies are hardly reproduced in developing countries due to inadequate official statistics. We tackle these issues by performing urban scaling analysis on Indonesian cities using globally harmonized functional cities delineations and global-scale gridded Gross Domestic Product (GDP) datasets. First, we observe that the GDP and area of Indonesian cities scale linearly with the population size. For GDP in particular, the deviations from the scaling law follow a geographical pattern. Second, we determine the economic hotspots in each city and observe that the area of the hotspots scales mildly sublinear with the population size. Surprisingly, the GDP of hotspots also scales sublinearly with the population size, indicating a lack of increasing returns due to scaling. Third, by classifying the cities based on the spatial organization of the GDP in two dimensions (heterogeneity and spatial dispersion) and examining the scaling exponents of each class, we discover a non-trivial relation between scaling behavior and the spatial organization of the GDP. Spatial dispersion strongly affects the scaling behavior in heterogeneous cities, while such effect is weakened for homogeneous cities. Finally, we find that the scaling effect in terms of economies of scale (sublinearity of area) and increasing returns (superlinearity of GDP) is stronger for Indonesian cities with spatially compact GDP distribution.
Effect of an optimized X-ray blanket design on operator radiation dose in cardiac catheterization based on real-world angiography
Authors: Davidsen Cedric , Bolstad Kirsten , Ytre-Hauge Kristian , Samnøy Andreas Tefre , Vikenes Kjell , Tuseth Vegard
Published: November 2022

Background

There is increasing concern and focus in the interventional cardiology community on potential long term health issues related to radiation exposure and heavy wearable protection. Optimized shielding measures may reduce operator dose to levels where lighter radioprotective garments can safely be used, or even omitted. X-ray blankets (XRB) are commercially available but suffer from small size and lack of stability. A larger XRB may reduce operator dose but could hamper vascular access and visualization. The aim of this study is to assess shielding effect of an optimized XRB during cardiac catheterization and estimate the potential reduction in annual operator dose based on DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Report (RDSR) data reflecting everyday clinical practice.

Methods

Data accumulated from 7681 procedures over three years in our RDSR repository was used to identify projection angles and radiation doses during cardiac catheterization. Using an anthropomorphic phantom and a scatter radiation detector, radiation dose to the operator (mSv) and patient (dose area product—DAP) was measured for each angiographic projection for three different shielding setups. Relative operator dose (mSv/DAP) was calculated and multiplied by DAP per projection to estimate effect on operator dose.

Results

Adding an optimized XRB to a standard shielding setup comprising a table- and ceiling-mounted shield resulted in a 94.9% reduction in estimated operator dose. The largest shielding effect was observed in left and cranial projections where the ceiling-mounted shield offered less protection.

Conclusions

An optimized XRB is a simple shielding measure that has the potential to reduce operator dose.
The complete chloroplast genome sequences of eight Orostachys species: Comparative analysis and assessment of phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Lee Ha-Rim , Kim Kyung-Ah , Kim Bo-Yun , Park Yoo-Jung , Lee Yoo-Bin , Cheon Kyeong-Sik
Published: November 2022

We analyzed the complete chloroplast genomes of eight Orostachys species and compared the sequences to those of published chloroplast genomes of the congeneric and closely related genera, Meterostachys and Hylotelephium. The total chloroplast genome length of thirteen species, including the eight species analyzed in this study and the five species analyzed in previous studies, ranged from 149,860 (M. sikokianus) to 151,707 bp (H. verticillatum). The overall GC contents of the genomes were almost identical (37.6 to 37.8%). The thirteen chloroplast genomes each contained 113 unique genes comprising 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Among the annotated genes, sixteen genes contained one or two introns. Although the genome structures of all Orostachys and Hylotelephium species were identical, Meterostachys differed in structure due to a relatively large gene block (trnS-GCU-trnS-GGA) inversion. The nucleotide diversity among the subsect. Orostachys chloroplast genomes was extremely low in all regions, and among the subsect. Appendiculatae, genus Orostachys, and all thirteen chloroplast genomes showed high values of Pi (>0.03) in one, five, or three regions. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Orostachys formed polyphyly, and subsect. Orostachys and Appendiculatae were clustered with Hylotelephium and Meterostachys, respectively, supporting the conclusion that each subsection should be considered as an independent genus. Furthermore, the data supported the taxonomic position of O. margaritifolia and O. iwarenge f. magnus, which were treated as synonyms for O. iwarenge in a previous study, as independent taxa. Our results suggested that O. ramosa and O. japonica f. polycephala were individual variations of O. malacophylla and O. japonica, respectively. The exact taxonomic position of O. latielliptica and the phylogenetic relationship among the three species, O. chongsunensis, O. malacophylla and O. ramosa, should be a topic of future study.
Criterion-related validity of Bedriddenness Rank with other established objective scales of ADLs, and Cognitive Function Score with those of cognitive impairment, both are easy-to-use official Japanese scales: A prospective observational study
Authors: Tago Masaki , Hirata Risa , Katsuki Naoko E. , Nakatani Eiji , Oda Yoshimasa , Yamashita Shun , Tokushima Midori , Tokushima Yoshinori , Aihara Hidetoshi , Fujiwara Motoshi , Yamashita Shu-ichi
Published: November 2022

Aim

Bedriddenness Rank (BR) and Cognitive Function Score (CFS), issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, are easy-to-use and widely used in the medical and long-term care insurance systems in Japan. This study aims to clarify the criterion-related validity of the CFS with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and ABC Dementia Scale (ABC-DS), and to re-evaluate the criterion-related validity of BR with the Barthel Index (BI) or Katz Index (KI) in more appropriate settings and a larger population compared with the previous study.

Methods

A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in an acute care hospital in a suburban city in Japan. All inpatients aged 20 years or older admitted from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. The relationship between BR and the BI and KI, and the relationship between CFS and the MMSE and ABC-DS were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results

We enrolled 3,003 patients. Of these, 1,664 (56%) patients exhibited normal BR. The median (interquartile range) values of the BI and KI were 100 (65–100) and 6 (2–6), respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between BR and the BI and KI were −0.891 (p < 0.001) and −0.877 (p < 0.001), respectively.

Of the patients, 1,967 (65.5%) showed normal CFS. The median (interquartile range) MMSE of 951 patients with abnormal CFS and ABC-DS of all patients were 15 (2–21) and 117 (102–117), respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between CFS and MMSE and ABC-DS were −0.546 (p < 0.001) and −0.862 (p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

BR and CFS showed significant criterion-related validity with well-established but complicated objective scales for assessing activities of daily living and cognitive functions, respectively. These two scales, which are easy to assess, are reliable and useful in busy clinical practice or large-scale screening settings.
Eye (re)drawing historical ship graffiti: Tracing ex-voto drawings with eye-tracking technology
Authors: Attard Matthew
Published: November 2022

This paper describes the salient features of a hybrid drawing process driven by techno-human relations. The project consists in the tracing of historical ship graffiti with my eye movements while wearing a contemporary eye-tracking headset. It forms part of my ongoing artistic practice of drawing with my eyes with an eye-tracking device, adapting and adopting an attitude of drawing-with the technology. The practice takes shape by means of an interdisciplinary approach looking at the transformative capacities of human–nonhuman relations, as the agency of off-the-shelf technology contributes to the drawing process. Eye-tracking data is developed into virtual drawings and consequently pen-plotted onto slabs of globigerina limestone. The project specifically looks at ship graffiti found on the facades of wayside chapels on the Mediterranean island of Malta, where the tradition of etching ships in stone as ex-votos can possibly date back to the 1500s. Thus, the outcome of the project bridges historical imagery with contemporary drawing, resulting in a multifaceted interpretation through a play on words while converging interdisciplinary dialogues.
The partly present mother
Authors: O’Donnell Lucy
Published: November 2022

This paper makes critical reflections on a performance titled The Partly Present Mother, which traced acts of nurturing and loss at the Kosar Contemporary Gallery, Bristol, in 2019. The research reflects upon the silence of pregnancy without birth or ‘miscarriage’ as a Matrixial space, where the union of both mother and other are in flux. This changeableness or uncertainty embedded within the maternal is critiqued by making parallels between the becomings of drawing and mothering by positioning them both as verbs or acts. Derrida’s Memoirs of the Blind and the Greek myth of Pliny’s shadow are used to consider loss as interwoven within drawing practice, where the corporeality of drawings practices wavers amidst discovery and loss. The project takes these experiences of loss answering Cixous et al.’s call to ‘write the body’, performing them through touch and repositioning textuality as live and physical. The parallels of becoming imbedded in the acts of drawing and mothering look to Elena notional of the maternal as a verb and the process of becoming subjectivity as embedded within drawing (; ; ; )to reclaim the flux of the maternal notwithstanding pregnancy without birth.
When drawing speaks: The dialogic traces of a continuous line
Authors: Fossey Steve
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on my video Drawing Breath and Remaining Visible, an artwork featured in the exhibition ‘Drawn to time’. Drawing Breath and Remaining Visible was made as attempt to create a continuous line drawing using video. The aim of my analysis is to explore how Drawing Breath and Remaining Visible can be read as dialogic, and how the ‘complex interplay of cognitive, somatic, and material conventions’ (Lovatt 2021: 10) that converge in this drawing can provide insights into the dialogic dynamics of this artwork and drawing more broadly. Drawing, claims art Historian Anna Lovatt, ‘is fundamentally relational and deceptively complex’ (2021: 10); it is the complexity and fundamental relationality that I seek to explore through my analysis of this drawing in relation to those of other artists, including Cy Twombly, Richard Long and Lygia Clark. Theorist Roland Barthes’ writing on Twombly supports an exploration on how bodies, surfaces and marks interact to create drawings; and art historian Cornelia Butler’s discussion of how ‘idea-space’, as realized by Clark, is used alongside Barthes’ formulations. In essence, this paper seeks to convey a sense of moving inside and outside drawing in a dialogic process that entangles intentions, marks, mediums and reflective analysis.
The Value of Drawing Instructions in the Visual Arts and Across Curricula: Historical and philosophical arguments for drawing in the digital age, Seymour Simmons (2021)
Authors: Chabrier Renaud
Published: November 2022

Review of: The Value of Drawing Instructions in the Visual Arts and Across Curricula: Historical and philosophical arguments for drawing in the digital age, Seymour Simmons (2021)

New York and London: Routledge, 396 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13847-997-5, h/bk, £96

ISBN 978-1-35106-418-7, e-book, £30
Zildozko Perutxeneko euskal predikuak (XIX. m.): aurkezpena eta ikerketaren lehen emaitzak
Authors: Santazilia Ekaitz
Published: November 2022

Lan honetan Zildozko (Ezkabarte, Nafarroa) Perutxena etxetik ateratako xix. mendeko euskal sermoi-sorta aurkeztu dut, eta etorkizunean hura ikertzeko gidalerroak eman. Deskribatu ondoren, sakabanaturik egon den corpusa bakarra dela erakutsi dut. Gainera, egileak zein izan daitezkeen iradoki, datu biografikoak eman ditut, eta predikuak non eta noiz erabili zituzten argitu. Gero, testuak idazteko egileek erabili zituzten iturri bibliografiko batzuk identifikatu ditut. Ondotik, darabilten hizkera eta corpus barneko hizkuntza-bariazioa ikertzearen garrantziaz aritu naiz. Azkenik, bilduma hau gaineratuta, garai hartako Nafarroako erdialdeko euskarazko sermoigintza oparoa genero beregaina dela aldarrikatu dut.
Aldizkako barauaren efektuak obesitatean eta 2 motako diabetesean
Authors: Diez Maialen , Vázquez-Polo Maialen , Matias Silvia , Perez-Junkera Gesala , Cantero Leire , Lasa Arrate , Navarro Virginia , Larretxi Idoia , Txurruka Itziar
Published: November 2022

Aldizkako baraualdia eguneko elikagai-ahorakina ingesta-aldi eta barau-aldietan banatzen duen elikadura mota da. Estrategia dietetiko hau asko erabiltzen da, zenbait efektu onuragarri eragin ditzakeelako ustean. Hori horrela, obesitateari eta diabetesari aurre egiteko izan ditzakeen efektuak ikertzen ari dira. Lan honetan berrikusketa sistematikoa egin zaio gaiari. Aipatutako gaixotasunetan baditu eragin desiragarriak, zenbait parametrotan eragiten baitu: gorputz-osaeran, gantz-masan, lipido plasmatikoetan, odoleko glukosa-kontzentrazioan edo/eta intsulinaren aurreko erantzunean. Azpimarratu behar da efektuok energia-murrizketari berari sor zaizkiola, zeren, izan ere, antzekoak baitira energiaren murrizketa luzatzeak berak sortzen dituen efektuak. Zientifikoki oraindik ez dago behar adinako ebidentziarik. Izan ere, literaturan argitaratuta dauden ikerlanek ez dute lantzen dietaren kalitatea; horrek eragin nabariagoak izan ditzake gaixotasunetan, kaloria- eta janaldi-murrizketa edozein izanik ere. Gainera, gutxi aipatzen dira estrategia hau jarraitzean gerta litezkeen albo-ondorioak, profesionalek gertutik zaindu beharko lituzketenak.
Utopia Global do Espírito Santo: Expressões Regionais e Projeções Globais Vol. II
Authors: Franco José Eduardo , Rebelo António
Published: November 2022

Obra em três volumes que oferece, pela primeira vez, um saber de espectro enciclopédico sobre a génese, o desenvolvimento e as expressões históricas e atuais de correntes, tradições, figuras e instituições marcadas pela idealização de uma era de concórdia, fraternidade e justiça sobre a Terra, sob o influxo do Espírito Santo. A abordagem caleidoscópica desta edição única foi preparada por qualificados especialistas e investigadores, oriundos de diferentes áreas disciplinares. Estabelece-se aqui um conhecimento crítico atualizado sobre as raízes e as elaborações teológico-filosóficas da diversidade dos cultos populares do Espírito Santo, assim como sobre os percursos multisseculares das suas inscrições e manifestações sociais, políticas e artísticas, que testemunham a fecundidade criativa de um pensamento utópico de longa duração com surpreendente projeção global. Faz-se nesta obra, em grande medida, uma mapização conceptual e cultual das mais inesperadas projeções utópicas da devoção global ao Espírito Santo, promovidas por diversos movimentos, formas e imbricações interculturais, recriando-se e hibridizando-se em diferentes espaços culturais dos cinco continentes. Estamos perante um empreendimento científico de grande dimensão que pretende constituir-se como um legado de referência para os estudos paracletianos.
A Democracia Ateniense em Guerra
Authors: Pritchard David M.
Published: November 2022

A Atenas clássica aperfeiçoou a democracia direta. As obras dramáticas deste antigo Estado grego ainda hoje são encenadas. Estas realizações são justamente reverenciadas. Menos conhecido é o outro lado desta história de sucesso. A Atenas democrática transformou completamente a guerra e tornou-se uma superpotência. As forças armadas atenienses eram inigualáveis em tamanho e profissionalismo. Este livro explora as principais razões por detrás deste sucesso militar. Mostra como a democracia ajudou os atenienses a serem melhores soldados. Pela primeira vez, David M. Pritchard estuda, em conjunto, os quatro ramos das forças armadas. Ele concentra-se nos antecedentes daqueles que lutaram nas guerras de Atenas e no que eles pensaram em fazer. O seu livro revela as práticas comuns que Atenas utilizou em todas as forças armadas e mostra como a cultura pró-guerra de Atenas teve um grande impacto na vida civil. O livro coloca o estudo da democracia ateniense em guerra numa base inteiramente nova.
CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE LA EXPERIENCIA TURÍSTICA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMATIZADA DE LA LITERATURA A PARTIR DEL MÉTODO PROKNOW-C
Authors: Bolzán Ricardo , Mendes Filho Luiz
Published: November 2022

Delante de la diversidad de abordajes sobre el concepto de la experiencia turística, nos proponemos evidenciar y caracterizar tendencias en las corrientes de investigación a partir de una revisión sistematizada de la literatura científica internacional utilizando el procedimiento metodológico PROKNOW-C para la conformación y análisis exploratorio de porfolios bibliográficos. Para eso, exploramos tres ejes que sustentan el constructo de la experiencia turística en el campo de los estudios turísticos contemporáneos: uno humanístico, orientando hacia la interpretación y la crítica sociocultural; otro económico-administrativo, que enfatiza los procesos de marketing y gestión de experiencias de consumo; y un tercero con predominio de aspectos cognitivos y comportamentales, enfatizando la memoria y el contexto de la experiencia. Concluimos que, si bien existen ramificaciones de los estudios sobre la experiencia turística, estos conjuntos se configuran a partir de ejes temáticos que presentan zonas de contacto en sus abordajes. A partir de esto inferimos que avances recientes en el estudio de la experiencia turística evidencian hibridaciones en sus corrientes y fundamentos teóricos, ontológicos y epistemológicos, las cuales complejizan al objeto de estudio y denotan esfuerzos en superar reduccionismos conceptuales.
ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO DOS FATORES QUE LEVAM À INOVAÇÃO NO SETOR DE GASTRONOMIA
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Sergio Gonçalves de , Da Silva Luciano Ferreira , Silva Rodrigo Cunha da , Spinola Mauro de Mesquita
Published: November 2022

O objetivo do artigo foi entender de que maneiras os chefs desenvolvem inovações, por meio da troca de conhecimentos e experiências. Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, foi desenvolvida uma análise de conteúdo, por meio da análise de conjuntos hierárquicos (CHD), utilizando o software Iramuteq, tendo por base transcrições de entrevistas com chefs, visando a obter suas percepções. A análise de clusters revelou três conjuntos subjacentes, os quais foram nomeados, após a análise dos lemas e dos discursos envolvidos em cada um, como: Aprendizagem formal, Comunidades de Práticas e Cocriação e Desenvolvimento de Fornecedores. Os resultados permitiram o entendimento dos fatores que conduzem o processo inovativo dos chefs de cozinha, servindo como aporte gerencial para que se possam desenvolver ações que melhorem a competitividade das empresas do setor de alimentos e bebidas, por meio da geração de uma teoria subjacente. As limitações do estudo se devem ao fato de adotar uma perspectiva de pesquisa exploratória, necessitando, dessa forma, de estudos descritivos e confirmatórios para se generalizar os achados deste estudo.
United by Cuts: Exploring the Symmetry between How Lawyers and Expert Witnesses Experience Funding Cuts
Authors: Welsh Lucy , Clarke Amy
Published: November 2022

This article highlights that defence lawyers and expert witnesses appear to have experienced the impact of criminal legal aid funding cuts in similar ways. Despite the very different and specialized nature of their respective work, both sets of professional participants in the criminal process identify that funding cuts create problems around sustainability and quality of service.

While a growing body of literature has well documented, and continues to document, the perilous position that defence lawyers are in as a result of funding cuts, less is known about the effect of funding cuts on the work done by expert witnesses. To that end, we conducted two focus groups with expert witnesses during which we put to them some findings from our study of the impact of legal aid cuts on lawyers conducting appellate and Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) case work. During interviews in the CCRC study, it became apparent that defence lawyers were struggling to instruct expert witnesses, so we wanted to explore that issue more with expert witnesses themselves. In doing so, we discovered a significant overlap in the concerns expressed by both defence lawyers and expert witnesses regarding the ways in which their work was affected by funding cuts.

Keywords: expert witnesses; legal aid; defence lawyers; sustainability; quality; morale.
Slow Train to Reforming Anti-Dumping Measures: Concrete Solutions for the Future
Authors: Yilmazcan Abdulkadir
Published: November 2022

Normative solutions to reform the Anti-Dumping Agreement include a comprehensive amendment of the Agreement. Such a revision has already been suggested in the literature, but this study departs from most others by prioritizing procedural issues rather than substantive ones. The study proposes changes to enhancing procedural justice in anti-dumping processes. Due to the constraints on the substantive reform of the Anti-Dumping Agreement in a short timescale, other possibilities are also discussed in order to improve procedural justice, including: (i) publishing best practice guidelines; (ii) creating a standard questionnaire to be used by all World Trade Organization (WTO) members; (iii) reforming and fixing the WTO dispute settlement mechanism; (iv) raising awareness among exporters that cooperation with investigating authorities may have a significant effect on the anti-dumping measures imposed; (v) improving the accounting systems for Chinese exporters; (vi) introducing a support tool for exporters or exporting countries, such as the Advisory Centre on WTO Law in Geneva; and (vii) providing software to assist exporters to fill in questionnaires.

Keywords: World Trade Organization; Anti-Dumping Agreement; Negotiating Group on Rules; procedural justice.
Mandatory Mediation in England and Wales
Authors: Clark Bryan
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned with the thorny issue of mandatory mediation. In so doing, the piece charts the development of court-linked mediation in England and Wales from the days of the Woolf reforms and examines the growing clamour from judges, policymakers, commentators and, more recently, mediators for a shift from a mere cajoling of parties to mediate to outright compulsion. The article examines recent proposals for the introduction of mandatory mediation in English civil justice and sets out the view that, while mandatory mediation is inevitable and not per se objectionable on legal or policy grounds, care must be taken to ensure that it is implemented in such a way as to balance up different important policy drivers including efficiency, preserving the qualitative goals of mediation and filling the ‘justice gap’ that mediating in the shadow of the court can leave.

Keywords: mediation; mandatory mediation; access to justice; court-based mediation; mediation policy; litigants in person.
Judges in the Dock
Authors: Nathan Barrie Lawrence
Published: November 2022

This article refers to judges, in the UK and elsewhere, who have themselves been convicted of or accused of a crime, whether while still officiating as a judge, before their appointment, or after their retirement. The most obvious criminal offence of which judges are guilty is bribery. This is considered in this article, but there is a wide range of offences from smuggling to murder, including, along the way, perjury, perverting the course of justice, two judges sent to prison for passing sentences which were much too heavy and one judge imprisoned for passing a sentence which was much too light. It examines the ways in which such judges have been dealt with and disparities of sentence.

Keywords: perjury; perverting the course of justice; points-swapping; sentencing.
Putting a Social and Cultural Framework on the Evidence Act
Authors: Goddard J David , Chen Mai
Published: November 2022

What follows are presentations to a seminar on the Supreme Court decision in Deng v Zheng (2022): guidance on bringing relevant social and cultural information to the court’s attention. The case concerned whether, despite a lack of formal documentation, the parties had entered into a legal partnership, of which they would be jointly responsible for the debts of the partnership. Two issues arose relating to the culture of the parties: namely, whether the meaning to be ascribed to 公司 (gingsi) went beyond ‘company’ and could extend to ‘firm’ or ‘enterprise’ and the significance of 关系 (guanxi). Both parties are Chinese and their business relationship appeared to have been conducted in Mandarin. Justice Goddard was the presiding judge in Zheng v Deng (2020), the Court of Appeal judgment appealed to the Supreme Court. Mai Chen appeared with two other lawyers on behalf of the intervenor, the New Zealand Law Society.

Keywords: social and cultural framework; Evidence Act; expert evidence; translations; interpreters; adjudicative facts; social facts; legislative facts; stereotyping; subconscious bias; judicial notice; reliable published documents.
Case Judgment: England & Wales - Bates v Post Office Ltd (No 3: Common Issues) Judgment by Coulson LJ
Authors: Case Judgment: England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case citation:

Bates v Post Office Ltd ((No 3) Common Issues) Judgment by Coulson LJ on the application by the Post Office Limited to appeal against the decision in Bates v Post Office Ltd ((No 3) Common Issues) [2019] EWHC 606 (QB), (Case No A1/2019/1387/PTA), Supplement, 18 Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review (2021)
Bates v Post Office Limited TLQ 17 0455 Claimants' Written Openings
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Bates v Post Office Limited TLQ 17 0455 Claimants' Written Openings

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 19 13 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055

Day 19 13 June 2019

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited Costs Management Conference 23 October 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited

Costs Management Conference 23 October 2019

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
The Post Office Horizon Scandal
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: November 2022

The Post Office Horizon Scandal: a brief chronology

England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Assigning IACS cybersecurity responsibility conformant with the UK Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard , Thomas Martyn
Published: November 2022

Industrial plants constituting a society’s critical infrastructure, for example electricity-generation and water-supply, contain industrial automation and control systems (IACS). IACS nowadays increasingly contain many digital-electronic components whose behaviour is software-controlled. Amongst engineered artifacts, software and thus software-controlled systems are particularly susceptible to functional weakness (‘bugs’ and ‘vulnerabilities’). Such weakness can be exploited by nefarious parties (‘hackers’) to disrupt the critical operation of the plant; a phenomenon called cyber-insecurity whose contrary, cybersecurity, refers to the resistance of the plant to such exploitation. The UK Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 SI 2018 No. 506 (NIS Regulations) address the cybersecurity of systems within the critical infrastructure, establishing response and reporting requirements for cybersecurity incidents. In January 2022, Her Majesty’s Government issued a call for comments on enhancing the NIS Regulations, following a 2020 review. We derive here detailed organisational reporting and response requirements based on a computer-scientific understanding of the engineering issues, in an environment which includes a central vulnerability-reporting organisation (ICS-CERT, now part of US CISA (CISA, no date), or cyber security incident response team (CSIRT)) as required under the NIS Regulations. 

Index words: IACS, ICS, cybersecurity, responsibility, safety, software, vulnerabilities, organisational responsibility, duties, mandate.
The limits of refugee protection in mass influx situations
Authors: Kamal Alreem
Published: November 2022

This decade has witnessed a striking rise in the number of refugees globally, a category of persons whom enjoy the right of non-refoulement, which dictates that no refugee or asylum seeker is to be returned to any territory where he or she may face persecution, torture, or other ill-treatment. This fundamental obligation is both of a customary nature and enshrined in numerous instruments, the most pertinent of which for the purposes of refugees being the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Despite this, an alarming trend has emerged in the practice of states in direct contravention thereto. A number of states have sought to curb refugee movement and intake through, inter alia, bilateral agreements and forcible repatriation. In light of this, this article undertakes a critical examination of the principle of non-refoulement, with a view to demonstrating its patent inviolability. The article responds to the proposition that large-scale refugee movements may justify the institution of a system exempting states from honouring the international legal obligation at issue, to which it argues that there can be no viable grounds on which to derogate from the cornerstone of refugee protection. It first explores non-refoulement’s centrality to the refugee protection framework in international law, particularly focusing on the context in which the 1951 Convention was drafted, the normative character of the principle, derogations provided for in human rights treaties, and existing coping mechanisms. The paper thereafter critically assesses the conceivable theoretical and practical consequences of allowing exceptions to the cardinal rule in times of mass influx situations.
Should the definition of 'mental disorder' under the Mental Health Act 1983 encompass autism, for the purpose of compulsory detention?
Authors: Roop Harleen
Published: November 2022

To be sectioned under the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA), an individual must meet the definition of ‘mental disorder’ as per s.1(2). Despite the scarcity in academic scholarship concerning autism within the scope of the Act , the ‘mental disorder’ definition has been considered ludicrously broad . This paper seeks to highlight that the inclusion of autism under the MHA, results in discriminatory detention based on autism-related behaviour; therefore, the removal of autism from the MHA is necessary.
Filosofia da práxis e as práticas político-pedagógicas populares
Authors: Semeraro Giovanni
Published: November 2022

FILOSOFIA DA PRÁXIS E AS PRÁTICAS POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS POPULARES
RESUMO: O  artigo  resgata  o  sentido  “revolucionário”  da  filosofia  da  práxis inaugurada por K. Marx e aprofundada por A. Gramsci e aponta conexões com  as  atuais  práticas  político-pedagógicas  populares.  Mostra  como Marx revoluciona a concepção de filosofia não apenas porque unifica inseparavelmente pensamento e atividade material, teoria e prática, mas, principalmente pelo fato inaudito de reconhecer o protagonismo histórico do proletariado. É Gramsci, no entanto, quem explicita, amplia e atualiza de maneira original as virtualidades da filosofia da práxis mostrando os aspectos que a projetam como a mais avançada visão de mundo e como expressão  revolucionária  das  classes  subalternas  que  se  organizam politicamente  para  romper  com  a  submissão  e  se  tornar  dirigentes. Sendo uma construção histórica que assume diferentes configurações em diversas situações e lugares, o artigo traça uma análise das novas formas que hoje a filosofia da práxis apresenta nas insurgências populares que vêm ocorrendo no Brasil e no mundo.
Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Política. Educação.
RIASSUNTO: L’articolo  riscatta  la  dimensione  “rivoluzionaria”  della  filosofia  della prassi inaugurata da K. Marx e approfondita da A. Gramsci e segnala punti di contatto con le attuali pratiche politico-pedagogiche popolari. Mette  in  evidenza  come  Marx  rivoluziona  la  concezione  di  filosofia non solo perché unifica inseparabilmente pensiero e attività materiale, teoria e pratica, ma principalmente per il fatto inaudito di riconoscere il  protagonismo  storico  del  proletariato.  È  Gramsci,  però,  l’autore che esplicita, allarga e attualizza in modo originale le virtualità della filosofia della prassi mostrando gli aspetti che la proiettano come la più avanzata visione di mondo e come espressione rivoluzionaria delle classi subalterne che si organizzano politicamente per vincere la sottomissione e diventare dirigenti. Essendo una costruzione storica che assume differenti configurazioni in diversi luoghi e situazioni, l’articolo traccia un’analisi delle forme che oggi la filosofia della prassi presenta nelle insorgenze popolari che avvengono in Brasile e nel mondo.
Parole chiave: Filosofia. Politica. Educazione.
Data de registro: 10/03/2014
Data de aceite:23/04/2014
RELAÇÃO DA EXPOSIÇÃO A AGROTÓXICOS E DANOS NO DNA HUMANO EM MORADORES DA ZONA RURAL: REVISÃO NARRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Da Luz Suelen Caroline dos Santos , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes , Colet Christiane de Fatima , Fachinetto Juliana Maria
Published: November 2022

Na última década o Brasil passou a se destacar, em âmbito mundial, no consumo de agrotóxicos. Estudos sugerem que os agrotóxicos podem causar danos à saúde humana, como transtornos mentais, autismo, depressão, câncer, malformações, entre outros. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o que está publicado na literatura sobre exposição a agrotóxicos e danos no DNA humano em moradores da zona rural. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura composta por artigos originais que utilizaram o ensaio de DNA cometa, publicados entre os anos de 2008 e 2019 nas bases Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e SpingerLink. O respectivo trabalho foi desenvolvido com 19 artigos, que responderam à questão norteadora, PubMed Central = 2; Web of Science = 2; Scopus = 4; Springer = 10; Lilacs = 1. Os artigos mostram que a exposição a pesticidas pode causar danos ao material genético e representam risco potencial à saúde de moradores rurais que trabalham constantemente com agrotóxicos. A literatura evidencia, ainda, o risco de dano genético associado à exposição a pesticidas e a importância da avaliação das populações vulneráveis para abordar e superar o risco potencial de genotoxicidade induzido pelas respectivas substâncias.
Política educacional rural
Authors: Leite Sérgio Celani
Published: November 2022

Resumo: A ausência de planificação educacional para as escolas rurais, a despeito de algumas iniciativas públicas e privadas em décadas anteriores, não possibilitou um processo que fortalecesse e garantisse o desenvolvimento sociocultural das populações campesinas.
Excetuando o Ruralismo Pedagógico da década de 30, que pretendia uma educação rural desconexada da realidade, e as parcas manifestações do Ministério da Educação nos anos 40/50 sobre a escolaridade rural, as primeiras intenções e/ou propostas para uma política educacional direcionada aos centros não-urbanos, somente aconteceram a partir dos Planos Setoriais de Educação na década 70/80.
Com base nas questões econômicas internas, o I e II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (PND) têm, na educação como um todo, apenas um referencial para análise do subdesenvolvimento em que se encontrava o país. Dada a ênfase urbano-industrial do ideário da época, a educação rural é incorporada aos programas de desenvolvimento global (assim como a educação urbana), não se levando em consideração, desse modo, suas necessidades e realidades próprias. Educação, nesse momento, significa condições para aceleração da produção e cristalização do modelo liberal-capitalista. [...]
Palavras-chave: ruralismo; educação; política educacional rural.
escola unitária e o papel da filosofia da educação na nova ordem mundial
Authors: Soares Rosemary Dore
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Neste ensaio aborda-se recentes transformações nas esferas econômica, social, política e ideológica, em nível internacional, caracterizando urna "nova ordem mundial", onde emergem novas formas de organização do trabalho. Nesse quadro, é recolocado o ideal de unidade entre as formações técnica e científica, princípio formativo que já estava presente na proposta educacional burguesa, a "escola nova", e na socialista, a "escola unitária". Entretanto, nem o capitalismo e nem o "socialismo real" puderam concretizá-lo, devido às contradições sociais que essas sociedades não conseguiram superar. Tendo em vista a reapresentação desse princípio, fundando-se em novas demandas do capitalismo, propõe-se discutir o papel da escola unitária e da Filosofia da Educação nesse novo contexto social, considerando-se que o terna da formação geral é parte integrante dos seus conteúdos.
Palavras-chave: Política educacional; Filosofia da Educação; Formações Técnica e Científica; Organização do Trabalho.
 
Abstract: This text approaches the transformations in the economic, social, political and ideological spheres, at international level, characterizing a "new world order", and new emerging forms of organization of work. Studies already completed on the subject indicate that the more modem industrial relationships make demands on the multiskilled worker, replacing the ideal of unity between the technical and scientific forms. This formative principle already existed both in the bourgeoisie education proposal, the "new school". Neither capitalism nor real socialism, meanwhile, could provide this principle, owing to social contradictions that these societies could not overcome. Considering that this principle is once more the order of the day, now based on the current the demands of capitalism, we propose to discuss the role of the Unitary school in this new social context. We also focus on the role of Philosophy of Education, because a scientific education is part of its content, i. e., part of an unitary education.
Da ideologia no ensino da Geografia de 1º a 2º Graus
Authors: Vlach Vânia Rúbia Farias
Published: November 2022

Estamos reunidos, futuros professores de 1º e 2º graus, em um espaço institucional: a escola, que pretendemos discutir, e em cujo interior interessa-nos particularmente a questão do ensino da Geografia.
Quem institucionalizou a escola?  Por quê? As mesmas perguntas (e outras) devem se voltar à nossa questão central.
Ao mesmo tempo, a escola é aquela instituição social em que parte da população (nem todos têm acesso a ela), em um dado período, assinala, de uma maneira específica, a sua participação na sociedade mais ampla. Ora, participamos da vida social no sentido lato através do trabalho. Nesse sentido, ainda que soe como paradoxo, a escola é também um espaço de trabalho. Certamente, não é o espaço da fábrica, mas exige disciplina (intelectual); nem o do folguedo, embora às vezes se transforme no “jogo de ensinar”.
[…] Será que estamos negando o conhecimento, que, sob a forma de conteúdos “didaticamente” selecionados e distribuídos, parece ter sustentado a escola durante muito tempo?
[…]
Palavras-chave: Ideologia; Geografia; Escola; Instituição social; Espaço da fábrica; Ensino.
Uma leitura dos deveres do professor e do aluno no discurso oficial
Authors: Cardoso Maria Helena Fernandes
Published: November 2022

[…] Este estudo tem como preocupação centrar algumas reflexões sobre a linguagem. E, por objetivo, questionar a consciência do homem quando este produz a linguagem, isto é, a prática do discurso e a reflexão sobre problemas que se originam dessa prática. O texto que constitui o escopo desta análise refere-se aos deveres do professor e do aluno contidos nos regimentos de algumas escolas estaduais de Minas Gerais. Visando à melhor compreensão, dividimos a análise em duas partes. A primeira apresenta uma questão inicial que objetiva entender o significado dos deveres atribuídos ao professor e ao aluno. A segunda discute a circularidade encontrada no discurso — uma mistura do homem coisificado com os objetos no mundo. […]
Palavras-chave: Linguagem; Minas Gerais; Consciência; Reflexão; Professor.
Teoria crítica e pesquisa empírica
Authors: Borges Bento Itamar
Published: November 2022

[…] O ensaio “Sociologia e investigação empírica”, escrito por Adorno, tomou parte de uma discussão sobre sociologia entre positivistas e frankfurteanos da teoria crítica, cujos textos foram reunidos em um volume com o título Der Positivismusstreit in der deutschen Soziologie (A disputa do positivismo na sociologia alemã). Haveria diversas maneiras de tratar o texto de Adorno. Apresento três possibilidades e escolho uma delas. (adorno 1973) […]
Palavras-chave: Crítica; Empirismo; Adorno; Teoria crítica.
Educador ou Pedagogo?
Authors: Vilar Joaquim Antonio de Assis
Published: November 2022

[...] Eu não sou "educador". Basta-me ser um dentre os demais seres do universo. Ou a ventura de ter procurado ser na vida um pedagogo.
Nos últimos tempos tenho pensado muito nisto. Acho mesmo que a partir do final da década de 60 nós permitimos a despedagogização do ensino neste país de nome Brasil. Que é verde. amarelo, azul e branco! É mesmo. E pronto.
Nestas duas décadas mataram ou permitimos que matassem a disciplina e a seriedade e o prazer na Escola. E, aí, vale a questão: "escola para quê?" [...]
Palavras-chave: Educador; Pedagogo; Escola; Brasil; Competência pedagógica.
MOREIRA, E. F. P e RAGO, L. M. Oque é taylorismo. Brasiliense, São Paulo, 1984
Authors: Chaves-Tannús Márcio
Published: November 2022

Por razões de ordem, tanto técnicas, como de economia de tempo, decidi-me por adotar, em meu texto, a mesma distribuição espacial da matéria, que é a do livro analisado. Com o intuito de evitar repetições enfadonhas e/ou inúteis, trabalhei de acordo com o critério de escolha e análise crítica de casos e/ou aspectos considerados exemplares. Assim, características eventualmente presentes em diversas passagens da obra, serão abordadas e criticadas uma única vez.
[...]
Palavras-chave: Taylorismo; Trabalho; Capital; Resistência; Facismo.
How Organic Fertilizers can be used as a Plant Nutrient Source in Hydroponics: A Review
Authors: Torres Elman Cantero , Galo Somera Carolyn Grace
Published: November 2022

Sustainable crop production can be achieved by integrating the concept of modern agriculture with hydroponics for plant production and organic agriculture with the use of organic fertilizer as an alternative to the chemicalbased nutrient solution. Organic fertilizers contain a significant amount of essential nutrients needed by the plant for growth and development. Various approaches have been studied to test the viability of organic fertilizer as a nutrient source in hydroponics, such as replacing inorganic substrates with organic substrates, partial replacement, and full replacement of chemical-based nutrient solutions with organic fertilizers. Full replacement of nutrient solutions with organic fertilizers is deemed to be the most sustainable approach. However, unlike nutrient solution, which has an established optimum operation parameter, organic fertilizer as a nutrient solution in hydroponics faces several challenges, such as variability of the quality of organic fertilizers, nutrient management and optimization of the operating parameters. This review provides a general overview of the various approaches to utilize organic fertilizer as a plant nutrient source in hydroponics. In addition, this review provides a synthesis of hydroponics and its applicability to sustainable production, nutrient content of commonly used organic fertilizers and chemical-based nutrient solutions, a comparison of the plant growth and quality using organic fertilizer and chemical-based nutrient solutions and important operating parameters on utilizing organic fertilizers in hydroponics.