bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A etiologia do sintoma psicossomático: sua relação com a reincidência traumática e o retraimento autista
Authors: Salim Sebastião Abrão
Published: December 2007

A etiologia do sintoma psicossomático continua indefinida, apesar de inúmeros estudos de ciências afins. Apresento a hipótese de que este só se desenvolve em paciente portador de personalidade autista como predisposição, isto é, que tenha barreiras autistas - apego às "formas autistas" e aos "objetos autistas" - em resposta a um trauma no período fetal ou do nascimento, que promova sensação de descontinuidade física. Essas formas e objetos são elementos do próprio corpo, como a saliva, a língua, os dedos e as mãos em contato com suas próprias superfícies sensórias, mais a pele. A soma do registro dessas sensações pela memória implícita incipiente ou em desenvolvimento funciona como um ego biológico sem sujeito cognitivamente interpretante. O paciente portador de personalidade autista, diante de um novo trauma com a mesma sensação de morte, retira-se para o estado de homeostase autista, como se já soubesse o caminho, e aí fica hospedado. Dessa forma, seu corpo se converte em uma "mãe suficientemente boa", conforme conceituada por Winnicott. O sintoma psicossomático é uma representação das defesas biológicas e não um representante de conflitos que têm como base elementos sexuais ou destrutivos reprimidos. Inclui a angústia de morte, de deixar de existir. Os fenômenos psicossomáticos escondem, paradoxalmente, uma luta pela vida e, especialmente, pela sobrevivência psíquica do paciente, segundo MacDougall.
Exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes: um estudo com caminhoneiros brasileiros
Authors: Morais Normanda Araujo de , Cerqueira-Santos Elder , Moura Andreína da Silva , Vaz Marlene , Koller Sílvia
Published: December 2007

Este artigo busca compreender os condicionantes da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes (ESCCA), a partir da percepção de caminhoneiros brasileiros, clientes ou não da ESCCA. Entrevistou-se 239 caminhoneiros em diferentes regiões brasileiras, através de um questionário. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas através de estatísticas descritivas (freqüência e média). Os principais condicionantes ressaltados foram a desigualdade social e econômica, a forte cultura de gênero machista e adultocêntrica dos caminhoneiros, assim como a tendência à desresponsabilização pelas crianças e adolescentes abusadas, o seu pouco conhecimento e consideração dos direitos e características desenvolvimentais dessa população. Conclui-se, ressaltando a relevância de estudos que enfatizam a perspectiva do abusador. Estes podem contribuir para o desvelamento das realidades econômicas, sociais, culturais e políticas envolvidas tanto na formação da demanda quanto da oferta do comércio sexual e, assim, permitir a elaboração de perspectivas de enfrentamento da ESCCA mais eficazes.
Psicologia e bioética: diálogos
Authors: Dias Hericka Zogbi Jorge , Gauer Gabriel José Chittó , Rubin Rachel , Dias Alessandro Valério
Published: December 2007

O presente artigo discute questões acerca das intersecções entre a psicologia e a bioética. Muitos dos dilemas envolvendo a psicologia já são enfrentados por profissionais que atuam na saúde. Porém há aspectos teóricos importantes a serem considerados no estudo da psicologia hoje, como os dilemas morais comuns ao desenvolvimento humano em meio aos avanços tecnológicos tais como reprodução assistida, seleção de sexo, terminalidade, mas não somente estes. Consideraremos também como pertencentes ao campo da ética e da bioética as tarefas evolutivas do ser humano como a opção ou não pela maternidade/paternidade e as condições psíquicas e ambientais para esta decisão, entre outras. Dessa forma, propomos o diálogo entre bioética e psicologia no sentido de aproximar dois conhecimentos no intuito de repensar posturas e visões de mundo do profissional que atua diretamente com o humano.
Political project of adolescent care in São Carlos, Brazil
Authors: Eduardo Lara de Paula , Egry Emiko Yoshikawa
Published: December 2007

The Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute was established in 1990. Since then many institutions have been created to attend adolescents. This study aimed to understand how these institutions have been organized in São Carlos, Northeast of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a descriptive study, whose data were collected through interviews with the directors of 20 institutions. They reported differences in terms of objectives, target public age, religious orientation, etc. While most institutions have focused on leisure activities and professional education, some of them attend only adolescents who have committed some kind of illegal act. Although there are many different ways to assist adolescents, it seems that their actions are not integrated towards the implementation of the Child and Adolescent Statute.
Lifestyle changes in descendants of parents with diabetes type 2
Authors: Guerra-Juárez Rosalinda , Gallegos Esther C. , Cerda-Flores Ricardo M.
Published: December 2007

This study aimed to explore the disposition of diabetic parents' descendents in changing eating and physical activity patterns. It was based on the heritability concept and Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model. This is a descriptive-correlational study; participants included 30 parents, randomly selected, and 60 children. Results and conclusion: 68% of the children was classified as obese, 42% with insulin resistance, and 15% with carbohydrate intolerance. None of the risk factors was associated with the stages of change. The heritability factor was 1.37%; more people younger than 40 and women report decreasing in the consumption of fat food (Xi² = 6.04, p = .020; and 4.41, p = .040, respectively). These results suggest a high influence of environmental factors on the participants' unhealthy life styles.
A invenção do eu infantil: dispositivos pedagógicos em ação
Authors: Bujes Maria Isabel Edelweiss
Published: December 2007

Este trabalho se insere no terreno das discussões que pretendem examinar as relações entre infância e poder. Tomando como seu foco principal o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil (RCN), ele pretende apontar para as formas como operam os dispositivos de governamento da infância, a partir da racionalidade governamental moderna. A investigação, de inspiração foucaultiana, propõe-se a destacar também como os aparatos de poder/saber que se relacionam com a infância, com seus sistemas de enunciados verdadeiros, são produzidos no interior das relações pedagógicas. Neste artigo, realiza-se uma analítica de governamento da infância, a partir das proposições presentes no documento examinado. Destacam-se, neste exame, os modos de operar daquilo que Michel Foucault denominou de tecnologias da experiência de si ou tecnologias do eu. Associado às tecnologias políticas e às racionalidades de governamento, ressalta-se o RCN como dispositivo de produção das subjetividades infantis, uma vez que ele propõe a organização, a disseminação e o controle do saber que circula nas instituições de educação infantil.
Estudo das divergências entre corretores na avaliação de provas em matemática
Authors: Moretti Méricles Thadeu
Published: December 2007

O presente estudo tem por objetivo levantar algumas questões a respeito das divergências entre corretores na atribuição de notas em provas de matemática. Tais indagações se mostram relevantes uma vez que, no caso dos concursos de vestibular, universidades brasileiras importantes adotam as denominadas provas dissertativas. Quando o concurso é baseado em provas do tipo de múltipla escolha, a correção é automatizada e o erro, se houver, pode ser mais facilmente detectado e, além disso, tem-se a compreensão exata do modo como atinge a todos os concursados. O mesmo não se pode dizer no caso da prova dissertativa em que a correção não é automatizada e sofre influência significativa de quem a corrige. Neste estudo mostraremos que certos elementos presentes nas respostas dos estudantes à prova podem proporcionar fortes divergências entre corretores. Tais divergências são um alerta às comissões dos concursos de vestibulares que devem perseguir uma certa uniformização de pontuação na correção das provas.
Diferencial de salários nos Municípios do Estado do Ceará: uma aplicação da decomposição de Oaxaca
Authors: Pontes Paulo Araújo
Published: December 2007

Políticas de desenvolvimento econômico são adotadas nas mais diferentes regiões. No caso do Ceará, optou-se, de forma inquestionável, por políticas industriais para se chegar a esse fim, sendo a atração de investimentos um instrumento amplamente utilizado, inclusive para promover o desenvolvimento dos municípios fora da região mais evoluída do Estado. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar se essa política está afetando o mercado de trabalho nos municípios cearenses fora da região metropolitana de Fortaleza. Neste intuito, foi utilizada a decomposição de Oaxaca para mensurar o diferencial de salários entre os municípios. Como resultado, observa-se a existência de considerável diferencial de retribuição salarial em decorrência da implantação de unidades fabris em alguns municípios do Estado do Ceará.
Resurrection of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Edson H. Lopes
Published: December 2007

A new species of the loricariid subfamily Neoplecostominae is described on the basis of specimens obtained from the headwaters of the rio Iguaçu basin in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Pareiorhaphis parmula is the first representative of the genus discovered from the rio Paraná basin and expands the geographic distribution of the genus. It is diagnosed from other Pareiorhaphis species by having one small plate on each side of the pectoral girdle, just posterior to the gill opening and the club-shaped pectoral-fin spine, broadening from base to tip in adult males. All species formerly included in Hemipsilichthys except H. gobio, H. papillatus, and H. nimius are transferred to the genus Pareiorhaphis, which is resurrected from the synonymy of Hemipsilichthys.
Description of two new species of Physopyxis and redescription of P. lyra (Siluriformes: Doradidae)
Authors: Sousa Leandro M. , Rapp Py-Daniel Lúcia H.
Published: December 2007

The genus and species Physopyxis lyra was originally described based on only one very distinctive specimen. Analysis of a larger number of specimens provided a more precise characterization of the genus and the type species. Additionally, two new species are described based on material already available in museums and new collections. Physopyxis lyra is characterized by having a well developed coracoid process with divergent tips, and only one series of spines on the lateral plates. Physopyxis ananas, new species, has a thin coracoid process, convergent, and more than one series of spines on the lateral plates. Physopyxis cristata, new species, is a slender species, characterized by an incomplete series of lateral plates and the presence of a middorsal series of spines formed by the tips of the vertebral neural spines. The poorly known geographic distribution of the genus Physopyxis is vastly enlarged to include various drainages of the Amazon and Essequibo basins.
A new perspective on representative parameters for cellular concrete
Authors: Phan X. D. , Mendis P. , Mak S. L.
Published: December 2007

The literature shows that representative parameters for the strength of load-bearing cellular concrete (LBCC) used by most researchers are porosity and theoretical strength at zero porosity. However, these concepts are redefined in the current paper to represent more closely the nature of LBCC. Polystyrene beads were used to simulate air bubbles inside LBCC, such that the size distribution of bubbles was easily monitored. The results on strength of lightweight concrete, made of 60, 80 and 100 MPa mortars mixed with polystyrene beads, were reported. Scanning methods, such as CATScan techniques, can be used to determine the porosity of the concrete. However, the advantage of artificial voids created by the use of polystyrene beads is that the pore size distribution can be easily controlled. The strength–porosity relationship using a relative porosity concept and matrix strength (strength at zero porosity) fitted very well with both exponential and power functions proposed by Ryshkewitch and Balshin, respectively. Pore size distribution showed, however, no significant influence on strength, with polystyrene beads size ranging from 1·5 to 3 mm in diameter.
Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing Predicts Incidence of Diabetes
Authors: Nguyen Thanh T. , Wang Jie Jin , Islam F.M. Amirul , Mitchell Paul , Tapp Robyn J. , Zimmet Paul Z. , Simpson Richard , Shaw Jonathan , Wong Tien Y.
Published: December 2007

OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship of retinal vascular caliber to incident diabetes in a population-based cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study recruited adults aged 25+ years across Australia in 1999–2000, with a follow-up 5 years later in 2004–2005. Participants' glycemic status was classified using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h oral glucose tolerance (2-h plasma glucose [2hPG]) tests. Diabetes was diagnosed if FPG was ≥7.0 mmol/l or 2hPG was ≥11.1 mmol/l. Retinal vascular caliber was measured from baseline retinal photographs using a computer-assisted program.

RESULTS—Of the 803 participants without diabetes at baseline, 108 (13.4%) developed diabetes at follow-up: 7 (2.8%) of 246 participants with normal glucose tolerance, 9 (13.6%) of 66 participants with impaired fasting glucose, and 92 (18.7%) of 491 participants with impaired glucose tolerance. After multivariate analysis, participants with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber had a higher risk of diabetes (odds ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.02–4.80], comparing smallest versus highest arteriolar caliber tertiles, P = 0.04 for trend). There was no association between retinal venular caliber and incident diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS—Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber predicted risk of diabetes. These data provide further evidence that microvascular changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
A Suggested Change in Terminology and Emphasis Regarding Validity and Education
Authors: Lissitz Robert W. , Samuelsen Karen
Published: December 2007

This article raises a number of questions about the current unified theory of test validity that has construct validity at its center. The authors suggest a different way of conceptualizing the problem of establishing validity by considering whether the focus of the investigation of a test is internal to the test itself or focuses on constructs and relationships that are external to the test. They also consider whether the perspective on the test examination is theoretical or practical. The resulting taxonomy, encompassing both investigative focus and perspective, serves to organize a reconceptualization of the field of validity studies. The authors argue that this approach, together with changes in the rest of the terminology regarding validity, leads to a more understandable and usable model.
Reconsidering Issues in Validity Theory
Authors: Gorin Joanna S.
Published: December 2007

Lissitz and Samuelsen (2007) propose a new framework for validity theory and terminology, emphasizing a shift in theory and practice toward issues of test content rather than constructs. The author of this article argues that several of Lissitz and Samuelsen’s critiques of validity theory focus on previously considered, but subsequently discarded, validity conceptualizations. In addition, she suggests that Lissitz and Samuelsen’s conceptualization returns to methods shown historically to be problematic for score use and interpretation. In doing so, she highlights developments in validity theory and practice centering on cognitively based examinations of test scores that have contributed to increased understanding of score meaning and stronger validity arguments.
The effect of bottom boundary conditions in the ice-sheet to ice-shelf transition zone problem
Authors: Wilchinsky Alexander V.
Published: December 2007

Uniqueness of the transition zone solution is discussed. It is argued that when it is assumed that the stresses are continuous at the grounding line, the ice-shelf solution at the grounding line should possess a zero slope. In order to avoid issues caused by the mathematical singularity of the solution, the same technique as that used to study the transition zone is applied to a similar problem of lifting an elastic sheet from a rigid substrate, which allows a better physical understanding. This exemplifies the effect of the bottom boundary condition of no vertical motion imposed up to a fixed grounding line position, while the forcing parameters, such as the flow rate, vary. Its effect is to produce multiple solutions due to suppression of the separation mechanism.
Understanding the Underlying Mechanism of an Abnormal P Wave
Authors: Wan Yu-Hao , Lin Gao-Feng , Liu Jun-Peng
Published: April 2024

This case report describes a patient in their 70s presenting to the hospital with dyspnea and fatigue.
Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Liu Buyun , Lehmler Hans-Joachim , Ye Ziyi , Yuan Xing , Yan Yuxiang , Ruan Yuntian , Wang Yi , Yang Yu , Chen Shuhan , Bao Wei
Published: April 2024

Importance

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. However, prospective cohort studies regarding the association of PBDE exposure with long-term health outcomes, particularly mortality, are lacking.

Objective

To examine the association of environmental exposure to PBDEs with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationally representative cohort study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004 and linked mortality information through December 31, 2019. Adults aged 20 years or older with available data on PBDE measurements and mortality were included. Statistical analysis was performed from February 2022 to April 2023.

Exposures

PBDE analytes in serum samples were measured using solid phase extraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular mortality.

Results

This study included 1100 participants (mean [SE] age, 42.9 [0.6] years; proportion [SE] female, 51.8% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] Hispanic, 12.9% [2.7%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic Black, 10.5% [1.6%]; proportion [SE] non-Hispanic White, 70.8% [3.7%]; proportion [SE] other race and ethnicity, 5.8% [1.1%]). During 16 162 person-years of follow-up (median [IQR] follow-up, 15.8 [15.2-16.3] years; maximum follow-up, 17 years), 199 deaths occurred. Participants with higher serum PBDE levels were at higher risk for death. After adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, and body mass index, participants with the highest tertile of serum PBDE levels had an approximately 300% increased risk of cancer mortality (HR, 4.09 [95% CI, 1.71-9.79]) compared with those with the lowest tertile of serum PBDE levels. No significant association of PBDE exposure with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 0.98-2.07]) or cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.41-2.08]) was observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this nationally representative cohort study, PBDE exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schindel Benjamin Joffe , Baer Chen Briella , Wilcox Holly C. , Marvin Alison R. , Law J. Kiely , Lipkin Paul H.
Published: April 2024

This survey study uses data from the Mental Health and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire to examine the age at onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years who have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Cryo‐EM structure of the Slo1 potassium channel with the auxiliary γ1 subunit suggests a mechanism for depolarization‐independent activation
Authors: Redhardt Milena , Raunser Stefan , Raisch Tobias
Published: March 2024

Mammalian Ca2+‐dependent Slo K+ channels can stably associate with auxiliary γ subunits which fundamentally alter their behavior. By a so far unknown mechanism, the four γ subunits reduce the need for voltage‐dependent activation and, thereby, allow Slo to open independently of an action potential. Here, using cryo‐EM, we reveal how the transmembrane helix of γ1/LRRC26 binds and presumably stabilizes the activated voltage‐sensor domain of Slo1. The activation is further enhanced by an intracellular polybasic stretch which locally changes the charge gradient across the membrane. Our data provide a possible explanation for Slo1 regulation by the four γ subunits and also their different activation efficiencies. This suggests a novel activation mechanism of voltage‐gated ion channels by auxiliary subunits.
Effect of Copper on Microstructure and Performance of WC/NiAl/TiC Composite Coatings by Laser Cladding
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Huang Yonggui , Liang Guoxing , Zhao Jian , Hao Xinhui
Published: April 2024

Intermetallic compounds with special physical and chemical properties are considered to be advanced materials. However, the brittleness at room temperature of intermetallic compounds leads to poor performance, which limits its widespread application in engineering. The objective of this study is to investigate the strengthening mechanism of the copper (Cu) on the microstructure and material performance of WC/NiAl/TiC composite coatings by the laser cladding process. The results reveale that Cu element has a significant effect on the microstructure evolution of the coatings by inhibiting coarse crystal formation. The refined microstructure of the layer had been realized. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrate a reduction in lattice spacing within the composite coating structure as the proper Cu is added. Furthermore, the addition of Cu contributed to an enhancement in microhardness (868.9 HV0.2) and wear resistance. With 3% copper been added, the wear loss of the coatings has been reduced by 81.13% and the average microhardness value has been increased by 1.4 times as well. Moreover, the chemical metallurgical bond is produced between the particles and bonding phase resulting in strengthened compactness within the layer acting as a physical barrier‐like film that increases polarization resistance.
Crafting Tunable Hollow Particles Using Antisolvent‐Driven Interlocking of Micron‐Sized Building Blocks
Authors: Li Peilong , Li Jieying , Levin Jacob , Kierulf Arkaye , Smoot James , Zarei Amin , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: April 2024

The contribution of a hollow structure on the rheological behavior of granular suspensions remains un‐investigated due to the challenge of water impermeability. Here starch is used to fabricate water‐permeable hollow particles, as a model for granular suspensions and investigated the resulting microstructures and rheological behavior. The hollow structure is fabricated based on a bottom‐up method by assembling micron‐sized building blocks into a superstructure. A Pickering emulsion is heated to fuse the starch interface, then, upon antisolvent precipitation, the polymer strands interlock to form a rigid shell around the oil template. When the template is removed a hollow particle remained. These particles exhibited a specific volume >5‐times higher than unmodified starch and consequently a higher viscosity. Larger particles showed higher viscosity but are also more fragile. The template structure can be manipulated to fine‐tune their functionality. These micro‐sized building blocks made from edible materials can be used as the next generation of texturizers. Additionally, these water‐permeable colloidosomes present an innovative approach to understanding how micro‐architectures impact the rheological behavior of granular suspensions.
Valence Engineering via Manganese‐Doping on Cobalt Nitride Nanoarrays for Efficient Electrochemically Paired Glycerol Valorization and H2 Production
Authors: Li Jiachun , Meng Xiangtong , Song Xuedan , Qi Jun , Liu Fei , Xiao Xue , Du Yadong , Xu Guangyao , Jiang Zhanhao , Ye Shenghua , Huang Shaoluan , Qiu Jieshan
Published: March 2024

Integration of more thermodynamically favorable valorization of biomass (e.g., glycerol), compared to sluggish oxygen evolution, with H2 production is of great significance for energy‐saving electrosynthesis of value‐added chemicals. However, its widespread deployment has been challenged by costly electrocatalysts and large overpotential reaching an industrial‐relevant current density (≥400 mA cm−2). Herein, carbon shell‐encapsulated manganese‐doped cobalt nitride nanoarrays immobilizing on nickel foam, denoted Mn‐CoN@C/NF, are crafted via hydrothermal method and ammoniation. As a bifunctional electrocatalyst, the Mn‐CoN@C/NF manifests extraordinary activity for glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) with an ultralow potential of 1.37 V (versus RHE) at 400 mA cm−2, in conjunction with H2 evolution reaction (HER) with a low overpotential of 31 mV at 10 mA cm−2. A record high Faradaic efficiency (97.7%) for formate production of GOR is delivered at 1.35 V (vs RHE). Impressively, a two‐electrode electrolyzer capitalizing on the Mn‐CoN@C/NF as catalysts reaches 800 mA cm−2 at 1.83 V, delivering an electricity‐saving efficiency of 15.0% compared to pure water splitting. DFT calculations substantiate that Mn species within Mn‐CoN not only optimize hydrogen adsorption kinetics for HER, but also elevate Co3+ active sites’ density for GOR. This work offers an energy‐saving and efficient electrosynthesis avenue for coproduction of valuable chemicals.
Solvothermal Shaping of Imine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks by a Two‐Step Solvent Feeding Process
Authors: Su Yajiao , Qin Molin , Kong Jinglin , Zhai Quanguo , Yuan Daqiang , Liu Zhongshan , Fang Yu
Published: April 2024

Solvothermal synthesis is the predominant method for creating new structured covalent organic frameworks (COFs), yet it grapples with challenges in controlling shape and morphology. This issue is attributed to the unregulated solvent‐feeding process, which results in rapid polymerization and uncontrolled phase separation. Consequently, a two‐step solvent‐feeding process is reported for the solvothermal shaping of imine‐linked COF monoliths with hierarchical porosity. The synthesis conditions for COF powders reported in existing literature are directly utilized without extensive optimization; however, solvents are divided into two segments prior to feeding. A minor segment of solvents is employed to dissolve monomers, which polymerize in situ to form amorphous monoliths. Subsequently, the remaining organic solvent, along with an acetic acid aqueous solution, is added for crystallization. The versatility of this two‐step feeding process in producing COF monoliths is illustrated. The high‐quality COF monoliths demonstrate benzene uptakes ranging from 6.0 to 16.8 mmol g−1 at 298 K. This study confirms that the two‐step solvent feeding process can be effectively integrated with the conventional solvothermal method to enhance the solution‐processability of COFs. It is anticipated that this modified solvothermal approach can readily shape COFs to meet practical application requirements.
Calcium Peroxide‐Based Hydrogel Patch with Sustainable Oxygenation for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Na , Lu Xiaohuan , Yang Yueying , Ning Shan , Tian Ye , Zhou Mengyuan , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin , Zang Jianfeng
Published: April 2024

Nonhealing diabetic wounds are predominantly attributed to the inhibition of angiogenesis, re‐epithelialization, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis caused by hypoxia. Although oxygen therapy has demonstrated efficacy in promoting healing, its therapeutic impact remains suboptimal due to unsustainable oxygenation. Here, this work proposes an oxygen‐releasing hydrogel patch embedded with polyethylene glycol‐modified calcium peroxide microparticles, which sustainably releases oxygen for 7 days without requiring any supplementary conditions. The released oxygen effectively promotes cell migration and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions as validated in vitro. The in vivo tests in diabetic mice models show that the sustainably released oxygen significantly facilitates the synthesis of ECM, induces angiogenesis, and decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines, achieving a diabetic wound healing rate of 84.2% on day 7, outperforming the existing oxygen‐releasing approaches. Moreover, the proposed hydrogel patch is designed with porous, soft, antibacterial, biodegradable, and storage stability for 15 days. The proposed hydrogel patch is expected to be promising in clinics treating diabetic wounds.
Trichome‐Like Biomimetic Air Filters via Templated Silicone Nanofilaments
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , You Tianle , Pan Zhengyuan , Wang Di , Wang Hao , Wang Lingyun , Xu Guilong , Liang Yun , Hu Jian , Tang Min
Published: April 2024

Air pollution threats to human health have increased awareness of the role of filter units in air cleaning applications. As an ideal energy‐saving strategy for air filters, the slip effect on nanofiber surfaces can potentially overcome the trade‐off between filtration efficiency and pressure drop. However, the potential of the slip effect in nanofibrous structures is significantly limited by the tight nanofiber stacks. In this study, trichome‐like biomimetic (TLB) air filters with 3D‐templated silicone nanofilaments (average diameter: ≈74 nm) are prepared based on an in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method inspired by plant purification. Theoretical modeling and experimental results indicate that TLB air filters make significant use of the slip effect to overcome the efficiency‐resistance tradeoff. The selectable filter class (up to U15, ≈99.9995%) allows TLB air filters to meet various requirements, and their integral filtration performance surpasses that of most commodity air filters, including melt‐blown cloth, ePTFE membranes, electrospun mats, and glass fiber paper. The proposed strategy directly transforms commercial filter media and filters into TLB air filters using a bottom‐up, one‐step approach. As a proof‐of‐concept, reusable N95 respirators and air purifiers equipped with TLB air filters are fabricated, overcoming the limitations of existing filter designs and fabrication methods.
Mechanical Control of Quantum Transport in Graphene
Authors: McRae Andrew C. , Wei Guoqing , Huang Linxiang , Yigen Serap , Tayari Vahid , Champagne Alexandre R.
Published: April 2024

2D materials (2DMs) are fundamentally electro‐mechanical systems. Their environment unavoidably strains them and modifies their quantum transport properties. For instance, a simple uniaxial strain can completely turn off the conductance of ballistic graphene or switch on/off the superconducting phase of magic‐angle bilayer graphene. This article reports measurements of quantum transport in strained graphene transistors which agree quantitatively with models based on mechanically‐induced gauge potentials. A scalar potential is mechanically induced in situ to modify graphene's work function by up to 25 meV. Mechanically generated vector potentials suppress the ballistic conductance of graphene by up to 30% and control its quantum interferences. The data are measured with a custom experimental platform able to precisely tune both the mechanics and electrostatics of suspended graphene transistors at low‐temperature over a broad range of strain (up to 2.6%). This work opens many opportunities to harness quantitative strain effects in 2DM quantum transport and technologies.
Two‐Terminal Perovskite Optoelectronic Synapse for Rapid Trained Neuromorphic Computation with High Accuracy
Authors: Guo Linqi , Sun Haoxuan , Min Liangliang , Wang Meng , Cao Fengren , Li Liang
Published: March 2024

Emerging neural morphological vision sensors inspired by biological systems that integrate image perception, memory, and information computing are expected to transform the landscape of machine vision and artificial intelligence. However, stable and reconfigurable light‐induced synaptic behavior always relies on independent gateport modulation. Despite its potential, the limitations of uncontrollable defects and ionic characteristics have led to simpler, smaller, and more integration‐friendly two‐terminal devices being used as sidelines. In this work, the synergy between ion migration barriers and readout voltage is proven to be the key to realizing stable, reconfigurable, and precisely controllable postsynaptic current in two‐terminal devices. Following the same mechanism, optical and electrical signal synchronous triggering is proposed to serve as a preprocessing method to achieve a recognition accuracy of 96.5%. Impressively, the gradual ion accumulation during the training process induces photocurrent evolution, serving as a reference for the dynamic learning rate and boosting accuracy to 97.8% in just 10 epochs. The PSC modulation potential under short optical pulse of 20 ns is also revealed. This optoelectronic device with perception, memory, and computation capabilities can promote the development of new devices for future photonic neural morphological circuits and artificial vision.
Electrohydrodynamic Printing‐Based Heterointegration of Quantum Dots on Suspended Nanophotonic Cavities
Authors: Guymon Gregory G. , Sharp David , Cohen Theodore A. , Gibbs Stephen L. , Manna Arnab , Tzanetopoulos Eden , Gamelin Daniel R. , Majumdar Arka , MacKenzie J. Devin
Published: March 2024

Nanophotonic structures are a foundation for the growing field of light‐based quantum networks and devices enabled by their ability to couple with and manipulate photons. Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are uniquely suited to complement this range of devices due to their solution‐processability, broad tuneability, and near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yields in some cases. To bridge the gap between them, electrohydrodynamic inkjet (EHDIJ) printing serves as a highly precise and scalable nanomanufacturing method for deterministic positioning and deposition of attoliter‐scale QD droplets. This includes heterointegration in devices that are challenging to create by conventional subtractive semiconductor processing, such as QDs emitters coupled to substrate‐decoupled nanoscale resonant structures. In this work, the first successful application of EHDIJ printing for the integration of these colloidal QDs into suspended nanophotonic cavities is demonstrated, achieving selective single‐cavity deposition for cavity pairs as close as 100 nm apart. These results motivate the development of future suspended hetero‐integrated devices that utilize EHDIJ printing as a sustainable, additive, and scalable method for quantum photonics nanomanufacturing.
Passivating Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: An Overview of the Current Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Li Wei , Xu Zhiyuan , Yan Yu , Zhou Jiakai , Huang Qian , Xu Shengzhi , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhao Ying , Hou Guofu
Published: April 2024

Solar photovoltaics (PV) are poised to be crucial in limiting global warming by replacing traditional fossil fuel generation. Within the PV community, crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells currently dominate, having made significant efficiency breakthroughs in recent years. These advancements are primarily due to innovations in solar cell technology, particularly in developing passivating contact schemes. As such, this review article comprehensively examines the evolution of high‐efficiency c‐Si solar cells, adopting a historical perspective to investigate the advancements in passivation contact techniques and materials to state‐of‐the‐art cell designs. Additionally, this work deeply studies the recent advances and critical design principles underlying each developed passivation scheme. Eventually, this work identifies existing challenges and proposes insights into future directions for c‐Si solar cells through diverse passivating contact strategies.
Prenatal findings in 11 cases with craniofacial microsomia using the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, 1997–2019
Authors: Thomas Mary Ann , Bedard Tanya , Crawford Susan , Lowry R. Brian
Published: March 2024

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) primarily includes specific head and neck anomalies that co‐occur more frequently than expected. The anomalies are usually asymmetric and affect craniofacial features; however, there are frequently additional anomalies of variable severity. Published prenatal findings for CFM are limited. This study contributes 11 cases with CFM and their anomalies identified prenatally. Cases born between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2019 with CFM were abstracted from the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, which is a population‐based program ascertaining congenital anomalies for livebirths, stillbirths, and termination of pregnancies for fetal anomalies. There were 11 cases ascertained with prenatal findings including facial anomalies: one each with left cleft lip, right microtia, and bilateral microphthalmia. Two cases had vertebral anomalies. In addition, anomalies of the kidneys, brain, heart, and radial ray were identified. Six (55%) had a single umbilical artery, five (45%) were small for gestational age, and three (27%) were from a twin pregnancy that were discordant for anomalies. Four (36%) overlapped another proposed recurrent constellations of embryonic malformation condition. This study describes prenatal findings for 11 cases with CFM. Comparable to prior published cases, there were recurring anomalies on prenatal imaging, including anomalies of the brain, eye, heart, kidneys, and radial ray, which may aid in the prenatal diagnosis of CFM.
Update of the geographic range of Humboldt's squirrel monkeys (Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis Lesson, 1840) using a model‐based approach
Authors: Mourthé Ítalo , Paim Fernanda P. , Mercês Michelle P. , Valsecchi João , Rabelo Rafael M.
Published: April 2024

Saimiri cassiquiarensis cassiquiarensis (Cebidae) is a primate subspecies with a wide distribution in the Amazonian region of Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. However, the boundaries of its geographic range remain poorly defined. This study presents new occurrence localities for this subspecies and updates its distribution using a compiled data set of 140 occurrence records based on literature, specimens vouchered in scientific collections, and new field data to produce model‐based range maps. After cleaning our data set, we updated the subspecies' extent of occurrence, which was used in model calibration. We then modeled the subspecies' range using a maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). The final model was adjusted using a fixed threshold, and we revised this polygon based on known geographic barriers and parapatric congeneric ranges. Our findings indicate that this subspecies is strongly associated with lowland areas, with consistently high daily temperatures. We propose modifications to all range boundaries and estimate that 3% of the area of occupancy (AOO, as defined by IUCN) has already been lost due to deforestation, resulting in a current range of 224,469 km2. We also found that 54% of their AOO is currently covered by protected areas (PAs). Based on these results, we consider that this subspecies is currently properly classified as Least Concern, because it occupies an extensive range, which is relatively well covered by PAs, and is currently experiencing low rates of deforestation.
The ABC's of Alzheimer risk gene ABCA7
Authors: Duchateau Lena , Wawrzyniak Nicole , Sleegers Kristel
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing problem worldwide. Since ABCA7’s identification as a risk gene, it has been extensively researched for its role in the disease. We review its recently characterized structure and what the mechanistic insights teach us about its function. We furthermore provide an overview of identified ABCA7 mutations, their presence in different ancestries and protein domains and how they might cause AD. For ABCA7 PTC variants and a VNTR expansion, haploinsufficiency is proposed as the most likely mode‐of‐action, although splice events could further influence disease risk. Overall, the need to better understand expression of canonical ABCA7 and its isoforms in disease is indicated. Finally, ABCA7's potential functions in lipid metabolism, phagocytosis, amyloid deposition, and the interplay between these three, is described. To conclude, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion about the current knowledge on ABCA7 in AD, and what research questions remain.

Highlights

Alzheimer's risk‐increasing variants in ABCA7 can be found in up to 7% of AD patients.

We review the recently characterized protein structure of ABCA7.

We present latest insights in genetics, expression patterns, and functions of ABCA7.
Oxygen‐Releasing Hydrogels for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Jiang Shengxi , Zheng Yujia , Xia Hao , Liu Zexin , Rao Shuquan , Wang Yingbo , Sun Hongyu , Lu Xiong , Xie Chaoming
Published: April 2024

Hydrogels have emerged as a focal point of research in the biomedical field due to their applications in tissue repair. However, the majority of hydrogels lack the capability to release oxygen, constraining their therapeutic outcomes in environments with hypoxic tissues. In recent years, oxygen‐releasing hydrogels have garnered extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering, owing to their ability to modulate oxygen release and meet the diverse oxygenation requirements of various tissues. These hydrogels can enhance repair efficiency and promote tissue regeneration in hypoxic tissue environments. The design of oxygen‐releasing hydrogels primarily involves the utilization of diverse oxygen sources, such as algae, perfluorocarbons, and peroxides, to achieve optimal tissue oxygenation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the design and fabrication strategies of oxygen‐releasing hydrogels, discusses deeply into their underlying oxygen‐releasing mechanisms, and their myriad applications in tissue repair along with the prospective challenges.
Precision Engineering of the Co‐immobilization of Enzymes for Cascade Biocatalysis
Authors: Luo Zhiyuan , Qiao Li , Chen Haomin , Mao Zhili , Wu Shujiao , Ma Bianqin , Xie Tian , Wang Anming , Pei Xiaolin , Sheldon Roger A.
Published: April 2024

The design and orderly layered co‐immobilization of multiple enzymes on resin particles remain challenging. In this study, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher binding pair was fused to the N‐terminus of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and an aldo‐keto reductase (AKR), respectively. A non‐canonical amino acid (ncAA), p‐azido‐L‐phenylalanine (p‐AzF), as the anchor for covalent bonding enzymes, was genetically inserted into preselected sites in the AKR and ADH. Employing the two bioorthogonal counterparts of SpyTag/SpyCatcher and azide–alkyne cycloaddition for the immobilization of AKR and ADH enabled sequential dual‐enzyme coating on porous microspheres. The ordered dual‐enzyme reactor was subsequently used to synthesize (S)‐1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)ethanol asymmetrically from the corresponding prochiral ketone, enabling the in situ regeneration of NADPH. The reactor exhibited a high catalytic conversion of 74 % and good reproducibility, retaining 80 % of its initial activity after six cycles. The product had 99.9 % ee, which that was maintained in each cycle. Additionally, the double‐layer immobilization method significantly increased the enzyme loading capacity, which was approximately 1.7 times greater than that of traditional single‐layer immobilization. More importantly, it simultaneously enabled both the purification and immobilization of multiple enzymes on carriers, thus providing a convenient approach to facilitate cascade biocatalysis.
Heteroleptic Cu(I) complex with vapochromism and its application as electrochromic material
Authors: Kharabe Laxman Sarjerao , Ghosh Tanushree , Pandey Dilip , Kumar Rajesh , Raghuvanshi Abhinav
Published: April 2024

Cu(I) complexes have garnered substantial attention in recent years because of their intriguing photophysical properties and their applications in different fields. Herein, we have reported a new four‐coordinated heteroleptic Cu(I) complex using dicnq, a 1,10‐phenanthroline‐based cyno‐substituted ligand, and Xantphos, a bulky as well as rigid chelating diphosphine ligand. The synthesized complex is characterized by multinuclear NMR and HRMS and described as [Cu (Xantphos)(dicnq)]PF6 (1). Complex 1 exhibits absorption within the range of 380–500 nm and emits around 700 nm, attributed to the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transition. Theoretical calculations suggest that the HOMO is predominantly located on the Cu(I) center, whereas LUMO is associated with the dicnq ligand. Further, 1 was found to show vapochromic behavior and blue‐shifted emission was observed in the presence of solvent vapors which can show π–π interaction with dicnq. Notably, the complex demonstrates electrochromic activity, prompting the fabrication of a device (ITO/P3HT/Cu complex/ITO) for an in‐depth exploration of its electrochromic properties. The working potential range for the device was found to be ±3 V. On and Off states show the device has an impressive contrast ratio of ~40% and 38% at 520 and 800 nm, respectively. In addition to this, the device shows rapid coloration and bleaching times of 0.8 and 0.5 s, respectively. In terms of contrast, switching speed, stability, and efficiency values at two different wavelengths, the device shows good electrochromic results.
Determination of phase diagram of polyolefin blend nanocomposites by rheological approach: Influence of rheological method and nanoparticles on shifting the phase transition boundary
Authors: Hosseiny Seyed Majid , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Hemmati Farkhondeh , Kalaee Mohammad Reza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: April 2024

In this research, by using different rheometric methods, the temperatures of phase transition for upper critical solution temperature phase diagram of polyethylene (PE) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends and filled systems with organically‐modified nanoclay (ONC) were measured. Since the PE/EVA‐based mixtures are widely applied in the film and foam industries, the evaluation of the phase behavior of these mixtures is of great importance. Microscopic observations show that ONC nanoparticles have a compatibilization role on the biphasic microstructure of PE/EVA. ONC nanoparticles have a remarkable impact on the viscoelastic properties of the EVA phase, leading to a reduction in the asymmetry of the viscoelastic properties of the two polymeric phases. The findings of this work focused on the isochronal dynamic temperature sweep tests on the well‐mixed and phase‐separated nanofiller‐filled systems with different cooling/heating rates indicated that these series of experiments did not have the necessary efficiency to determine the phase separation boundary and spinodal temperatures in thermodynamically equilibrium conditions. By using Han plot and dynamic temperature sweep tests at the minimum possible heating rate, 0.25 K/min, it was proved that by adding nanoparticles to PE/EVA blends, the area of well‐mixed region of the phase diagram did not show a significant increment. The pinning effects of nanoparticles on the polymeric chains and correspondingly, the reduction of molecular dynamics mainly affect the phase separation phenomenon.