bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main Pests and Diseases in Tropical Forest Species in Nursery
Authors: Sol Sánchez Ángel , Isela Hernández Melchor Gloria , Sánchez Gutiérrez Facundo
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the monitoring of pests and diseases in nurseries of 10 tropical forest species used in the reforestation of disturbed areas. The work was carried out in a rustic nursery established in Cardenas, Tabasco, under cocoa shade. The objective was to evaluate the presence of pests or diseases in the nursery under natural conditions. Pests and diseases appeared from the seedling stage in germination beds to the adult stage. The fungus Fusarium was the most aggressive causal agent that caused the death of seedling in the germination beds, as well as Curvularia lanata that massively affected Tabebuia rosea plants. Likewise, T. rosea is one of the species with the most reported pests, as well as Lantana camara. On the contrary, Hamelia patens Jacq (Coralillo) did not registered important pests during the monitoring in the nursery.
Resilience of Irrigated Agriculture to Face the Challenges in Mediterranean Climatic Conditions (Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Canatário Duarte António , Melián-Navarro Amparo , Ruiz-Canales Antonio
Published: December 2022

Climate change scenarios in Mediterranean basin point to a decrease in the amount of annual rainfall and the increased frequency of drought. In this framework of greater water scarcity, an increase in irrigation costs is expected, so its rational and efficient use is an unavoidable issue in modern irrigated agriculture. In the last 60 years in Portugal, it had a great increase in the efficiency of water use in agriculture, accompanied by a great increase in energy consumption, and the variation was 15,000 to 6000 m3/ha.year and 200 to 1500 kWh/ha, respectively. The rational application of fertilizers is a priority, to prevent the contamination of superficial and subterraneous waters, and the process of soil salinization in semi-arid conditions. The pressure of water demand by agriculture implies the use of other water sources. For example, in 2010, the volume of unconventional water resources in Spain rose to 4.540 hm3/year. Of the total used in agriculture, 450 hm3 of water comes from the reuse of treated water, and 690 hm3 comes from desalination. The use of modern/smart technologies in irrigated agriculture, like information and communication technologies, allows the rapid share of information between all the system components and can promote optimized answers at different scales.
Cutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Farzeen Iqra , Muzammil Saima , Rafique Azhar , Noreen Razia , Waseem Muhammad , Andleeb Rahat , Umar Ijaz Muhammad , Ashraf Asma
Published: December 2022

Cutaneous candidiasis is a multipicture infection of the skin, generally caused by yeast like fungus c.albicans or other species of genus candida such as candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata but these species are unusual, secondary to skin diseases. Candida is flora of gut microbiota, rather than skin, although it is present on skin at some instances. Certain factor of candida species such as ability to evade host defense by biofilm formation, filamentous form and presence of tissue damaging enzyme phospholipase are attributed to pathogenicity. Cutaneous candida infection may occur in patient HIV/AIDS, cancer receiving chemotherapy, antibiotics, steroids therapy and in organ transplantation. Vesicles, pustules, maceration and fissuring are common symptoms on perineum, axilla and interriginous areas. Systemic and topical therapies are common treatment with different drugs. Single drug therapy as combination of anti-fungal, antibacterial and topical corticosteroid has marvelous results. Nystatin, Clotrimaziole and miconazole are efficiently reviewed topical drugs with 73–100% cure.
Coupled Fixed Points for (φ,ψ) - Contractive Mappings in Partially Ordered Mod
Authors: Lal Shateri Tayebe
Published: December 2022

The Banach contraction principle is the most famous fixed point theorem. Many authors presented some new results for contractions in partially ordered metric spaces. Fixed point theorems in modular spaces, generalizing the classical Banach fixed point theorem in metric spaces, have been studied extensively by many mathematicians. The aim of this paper is to determine some coupled fixed point theorems for nonlinear contractive mappings in the framework of a modular space endowed with a partial order. Our results are generalizations of the fixed point theorems due to M. Mursaleen, S.A. Mohiuddine and R.P. Agarwal.
Social Media in Higher Education Research and Practical Insights
Authors: Babić Tihana
Published: December 2022

Social media enable students to learn in a way that is adapted to them; they started a virtual life on social media when they were growing up and do not know a world where computers, mobile phones, and social media do not exist. However, as numerous research showed before the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not them who are hesitating, but teachers and higher education institutions. The results of research conducted in 2019 and presented in this chapter showed that a positive impact on the teachers’ use of social media for higher education purposes could have higher education institutions through the implementation of education for both teachers and students on the use of social media. The results of research conducted in 2021 showed that teachers consider easier and faster access to information, when and where it is needed, as the most important characteristic of social media usage for higher education purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic and especially since, social media’s impact on society has caused changes that necessitate a shift in the educational worldview from one that is rooted in the past to one that is forward-looking and progressive.
Analysis of the Effects Produced by Pure Sine and Modified Sine Inverters in an Induction Motor
Authors: Yosimar Jaen-Cuellar Arturo , Alejandro Elvira-Ortiz David , Resendiz-Ochoa Emmanuel , Jose Saucedo-Dorantes Juan
Published: December 2022

Most of the industrial applications are supported by complex machinery, which in turn are supported by electrical motors to perform specific tasks in multiple processes. Certainly, induction motors are the most widely used electrical machines in a majority of industrial machineries; in this sense, their operating condition plays an important role to ensure the machinery availability and to avoid unwanted stoppages. On the other hand, several sources may lead to producing faults in induction motors, but most of the common faults are produced by electrical or mechanical stresses, where the mechanical stresses are usually produced by unbalances or misalignments and the electrical stresses are generated by fluctuations or variations in the power supply. Thereby, when the induction motors are fed through inverters due to renewable energy, their operation may present slight variations since the sine wave has no perfect generation. In this regard, this work presents an analysis of the effects produced by pure sine and modified sine inverters in an induction motor. Such analysis consists of studying the characteristic patterns, reflected as percentage variations in some metrics, such as ranges, rms values, and harmonic distortion, that induction motors produce over vibration signals, electrical signals (stator current and fed voltages), and rotating speed.
Oxidative Stress in Substance Use Disorders: Endogenous and Exogenous Mechanisms of Repair
Authors: Lirio Pedro , Santos Matheus , Silva Igor , Rodrigues Livia
Published: December 2022

Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be defined as patterns of symptoms caused by the abusive consumption of recreational or prescribed substances that an individual continues to use despite their negative effects. Oxidative stress is one of the main pathophysiological processes occasioned by SUDs in different brain areas. Oxidative damage and subsequent deleterious symptoms can happen because of the consumption of psychoactive drugs, both stimulants and depressants. This chapter focuses on SUDs associated with depressant drugs, such as alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, and their effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We present the main characteristics of the SUDs and later explore endogenous mechanisms of repair, such as neuroglia and the endocannabinoid system. We also examine the neuroprotective effects of exogenous substances such as phytocannabinoids (e.g., cannabidiol) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which have shown important roles in anti-inflammatory pathways and antioxidative cascades, and how these molecules can be potential tools in the treatment of neurological symptoms of SUDs.
Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities of 1,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles and 2,5-Disubstituted Thiazoles
Authors: Lozano Erika , M. Lewis-Bakker Melissa , P. Kotra Lakshmi
Published: December 2022

Pyrazoles and thiazoles belong to 5-membered aromatic heterocycles called azoles. In addition to a nitrogen, pyrazoles contain an additional nitrogen in a 1,2 linkage and thiazoles contain a sulfur atom in a 1,3 linkage. These compounds are useful pharmacophores that offer a broad range of therapeutic applications. Pyrazoles can be synthesized by (i) the condensation of 1,3 dipolar compounds and alkenes/alkynes, (b) cyclocondensation of hydrazines and dicarbonyl reagents, and (c) multi-component reactions. Access to thiazoles is typically via (a) the condensation of α-haloketones with nucleophilic thioamides containing the N-C-S fragment, (b) a reaction between α-aminonitriles and various reactants containing an X-C-S fragment, and (c) a reaction of acylaminocarbonyls and phosphorus pentasulfide. This chapter will focus on the strategies and our perspectives on the synthesis of pyrazoles and thiazoles including derivatives at the 1,5 positions and 2, 4, 5 positions respectively, reported during 2015–2022. Additionally, their therapeutic and biological evaluations will be discussed.
Oncoplastic Breast Conservation: A Standard of Care in Modern Breast Cancer Surgical Management
Authors: Car Peterko Ana
Published: December 2022

Within the multimodal treatment, the extent of surgery for early-stage breast cancer treatment may be safely de-escalated. This strategy is associated with less morbidity, therefore significant improvements in quality of life (QoL). Nevertheless, conventional, ablative-only breast conservative surgery (BCS) has several limitations considering breast aesthetics and may impact QoL just opposite than anticipated. The concept of oncoplastic breast conservation emerged at the end of the last century intending to overcome these limitations. Although the primary goal remains oncological safe cancer resection, the enhanced aesthetic outcomes, achieved with this approach, significantly contribute to higher patient satisfaction. The author believes that mastectomy should no longer be offered as an equivalent treatment option for early-stage breast cancer patients with low-volume breast disease, irrespective of the availability of postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Moreover, with the opportunities of oncoplastic breast conservative surgery, the technical feasibility of breast conservation should not represent an issue even in a higher stage of the disease. Clinical decision on the type of oncoplastic procedure is mainly based upon the anticipated percentage of breast volume loss and the residual breast volume, as well as the availability of additional donor sites, patients’ preference, and surgeons’ skills.
Shakespear: In Search of a Solid Life
Authors: Dantanus Ulf
Published: December 2022

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Grammar, Linguistics, Communication. A New Reference Grammar of English
Authors: Ohlander Sölve
Published: December 2022

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Felix Mitterers Theater-Welt
Authors: Holzner Johann
Published: December 2022

Das Drama der Gegenwart
Défense et illustation et Rivarol - ébauche d'une réflexion historique sur la francophonie
Authors: Strömholm Stig
Published: December 2022

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Teatro y sociedad en Hispanoamérica: Historias para ser contadas de Osvaldo Dragún
Authors: Gonzalez-Ortega Nelson
Published: December 2022

Teatro contemporáneo
Medio siglo de teatro español
Authors: Johansson Mats
Published: December 2022

Teatro contemporáneo
¿Qué rasgos caracterizan una buena traducción literaria? Reflexiones basadas en traducciones de Vargas Llosa al inglés, al francés y al sueco
Authors: Enkvist Inger
Published: December 2022

Inger Enkvist är lärare och forskare vid Romanska institutionen, Göteborgs Universitet. Hennes doktorsavhandling från 1986 behandlar berättartekniken i Mario Vargas Llosas romaner. Hon har nyligen utkommit med ett arbete med titeln Om litterär översättning från spanska. Artiklen tar upp bärande tankar i denna bok.
Analisis Kemampuan Membayar Dana Inisiatif Masyarakat Setempat
Authors: Rambu Hutar Alliny Namilana , Suryani Siti
Published: December 2022

Program pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan dalam rangka untuk mengentaskan masyarakat miskin melalui program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan. Salah satu yang selalu ada dalam program tersebut adalah adanya dana gulir. Dana yang digulirkan untuk menguatkan permodalan bagi usaha masyarakat miskin. Pengalaman membuktikan bahwa dana gulir mengalami banyak kendala, seperti menunggak atau macet. Sehingga dana tidak mungkin lagi bergulir dan dinikmati oleh masyarakat lainnya. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah kemacetan diakibatkan oleh ketidakmampuan bayar penerima manfaat atau karena adanya kesengajaan untuk tidak membayar. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan menghitung rasio hutang dibandingkan dengan pendapatan calon penerima manfaat (HTP), dengan cara membandingkan pengeluran tetap dengan pendapatan tetapnya. Hasil yang diperoleh rasio HTP sebesar 0,85 atau di bawah rasio 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila pinjaman dana gulir program IMS diberikan, dipastikan bahwa dana tersebut akan mampu bergulir di warga jemaat tersebut. Warga jemaat memiliki kemampuan untuk membayar pinjamannya.
PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA KONSUMEN A&W DENGAN PROMOSI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERISASI
Authors: Fauziyyah Anisa , Yulia Iis Anisa , Pranamulia Agus
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Harga dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dengan Promosi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan variabel terikat adalah keputusan pembelian dan sebagai variabel bebas adalah Harga dan kualitas produk serta regresi moderasi dengan variabel promosi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, kualitas produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, promosi memoderasi pengaruh harga dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Analisis Yang Mempengaruhi Auditor Switching (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016 – 2018)
Authors: Wedaswari Made , Putri Gustita Arnawati , Widati Sari , Bella Anggun Meira
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to find analysis that affect auditor switching (acase studi on a manufacturing company listed on Indonesian stock exchange 2016-2918. These factors are audit opinion, management turnover, KAP size, client’s size, and audit tenure. This topic was chosen because there are several companies in Indonesia to do Voluntary Auditor Switching and not in accordance with government regulations.

Population in this research are all manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during 2010-2015. Data collecting method which used in this research is purposive sampling. A total 65 manufacturing company are used as sample firms. Hypothesis in this research are tested by logistic regression analysis with SPSS 22 software.

Based on the results, variables that influence auditor switching are management turnover (CEO) and KAP Size (KAP). Audit opinion (OPINI), client’s size (LNTA) and Audit Tenure (TENURE) have no effect to Auditor Switching.
Metode mengajar sebagai strategi pembelajaran efektif di kelas
Authors: Irwanto Randi Ahmad , Saifullah Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Mengajar merupakan proses merencanakan pembelajaran yang bermutu agar para peserta didik mendapatkan ilmu yang mereka butuhkan. Dalam proses mengajar guru harus mengetahui karakteristik para siswa sebelum melaksanakan proses mengajar di kelas, adapun alasan dalam mengajar harus mengetahui karakter para peserta didik adalah mampu membuat model pembelajaran yang efektif di kelas, mengevaluasi kegiatan mengajar di kelas dan mampu membuat para peserta didik memahami materi pembelajaran dengan efektif serta mampu mengembangkan kualifikasi para peserta didik dengan perkembangan zaman yang cepat berkembang. Setiap proses mengajar harus berlandaskan kepada Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Pasal 3 bahwa «Pendidikan nasional berfungsi sebagai mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradapan bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dengan tujuan untuk mengambangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Sebelum melakukan mengajar guru harus wajib memiliki kualifikasi sesuai dengan Undang-undang No. 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen Pasal 8 bahwa «Guru wajib memiliki kualifikasi akademik, kompetensi, sertifikasi pendidik, sehat jasmani dan rohani, serta memiliki kemampuan untuk mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional.
Abstract. Teaching is a process of planning quality learning so that students get the knowledge they need. In the teaching process, the teacher must know the characteristics of the students before carrying out the teaching process in the classroom, and the reason for knowing the characteristics of the students is to be able to create effective learning models in the classroom, evaluate teaching activities in the classroom, and make students understand the learning material. It is effective and able to develop the qualifications of students in the times that are rapidly developing. Every teaching process must be based on Law No. 23 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Article 3: "National education functions to develop capabilities and shape the character and civilization of a dignified nation in the context of educating the nation's life with the aim of developing the potential of students to become human beings who believe in God Almighty and have noble character." healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become a democratic and responsible citizen. Before teaching, teachers must have qualifications in accordance with Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers.
Pengembangan E-LKPD untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa MAN 1 Banjarmasin kelas XI pada konsep struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan
Authors: Azkia Rahma Siti , Kaspul  , Zaini Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Penelitian pengembangan dilaksanakan berdasarkan kesulitan guru untuk membuat bahan pembelajaran yang mempermudah peserta didik  untuk belajar secara aktif dan mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan e-LKPD valid, praktis, dan efektif pada konsep struktur dan fungsi jaringan tumbuhan. Penerapannya pada pembelajaran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Metode penelitian yaitu desain Tessmer. Subjek validasi meliputi 3 orang ahli, subjek uji perorangan adalah 4 orang peserta didik, dan subjek uji kelompok kecil adalah 6 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar penilaian. Analisis data validitas berdasarkan kategori sangat valid, valid, kurang valid dan tidak valid. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan: 1) validitas dikategori valid dengan skor 3,70; 2) kepraktisan isi dikategori baik dengan skor 3,83 dan kepraktisan harapan dikategori sangat baik dengan skor persentase 93,57%; dan 3) keefektifan harapan berdasarkan penilaian keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam mengerjakan e-LKPD memiliki kategori baik  pada keterampilan evaluasi, inferensi dan sangat baik pada keterampilan interpretasi, analisis, eksplanasi, pengaturan diri.
Abstract. Development research is carried out based on the difficulty of the teacher in making learning materials that make it easier for students to learn actively and independently. This study aims to produce valid, practical, and effective e-LKPD on the concept of plant tissue structure and function. Its application to learning is expected to improve students' critical thinking skills. The research method is the Tessmer design. Validation subjects include 3 experts, individual test subjects are 4 students, and small group test subjects are 6 students. The data collection technique used an assessment sheet. Validity data analysis based on very valid, valid, less valid and invalid categories. The results of the study show: 1) the validity is categorized as valid with a score of 3.70; 2) the practicality of the content is categorized as good with a score of 3.83 and the practicality of expectations is categorized as very good with a percentage score of 93.57%; and 3) the effectiveness of expectations based on the assessment of students' critical thinking skills in working on e-LKPD has a good category on evaluation, inference skills and very good on interpretation, analysis, explanation, and self-regulation skills.
Interstitial small stories in Sandton, Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Kelleher William
Published: December 2022

Interstices are those residual, left-over, spaces associated with movement across and between urban forms. Interstices in the business district of Sandton, Gauteng, South Africa, represent the insurgence of the lower levels in the vertical push of the high-rise offices, luxury hotels and retail spaces of the district. In interstitial spaces encounters and interactions are often fleeting and contingent. There is a discontinuity of social space. Links between people are spread out over the grid of the city, disassembled and reassembled as people leave their homes, move through different transport nodes to different destinations in the district and there, in turn, continue and discontinue their trajectory. Interstitial stories capture a reticular activity that binds people together through movement and space. In terms of narrative research, interstitial stories, a type of ‘small’ story, offer particularities that concern the intersection of the spatiality and temporality of the real and diagetic worlds, linguistic representational means and social consequentiality. The aim of this article is to explore interstitial stories, as an instantiation of small stories research and as a local storytelling practice, through three extracts that represent three different configurations of space and time: superposed spatialities, temporal and spatial identity, and movement in telling trajectory. In analysing these stories, this article hopes to shed further light on the role that narrative plays in our daily lives and interactions, bringing out local conditions and linguistic repertoires in the global South. Interstices emerge as challenging, cooperative and familiar, and, in contradistinction to what their name could imply, a strong resource for identity construction. Keywords: interstitiality, narrative, interaction, small stories, spatio-temporality, trajectory
The colour of liquid: a sociophonetic analysis of the changing positional allophony of the South African English lateral approximant
Authors: Bekker Ian , Chevalier Alida
Published: December 2022

This article provides a sociophonetic analysis of General South African English /l/, based on the naturalistic speech of 50 male and female L1-speakers of this variety of South African English (SAfE), all from Cape Town and ranging from 18-82 years of age. Emphasis falls on testing descriptions provided by the impressionistic literature of the so-called ‘colour’ of the two main allophones of this phoneme i.e. those in initial and final positions; and on determining whether there has been any change in this regard. The relevant phonetic (acoustic) analysis focuses on the parameters of F2 or F2-F1 (as general measures of ‘colour’) and co-articulatory resistance (as an additional parameter of darkening, particularly with respect to final-/l/) to determine the overall status of /l/ as well as to determine whether or not the acoustic difference between initial-/l/ and final-/l/ meets the criteria provided by Recasens (2012) for extrinsic allophony. These parameters also constitute dependent variables for a statistical analysis which determines the relative effect of one internal (positional allophony) and two external (age and gender) independent variables on these parameters. The results provide evidence to suggest that pronouncements in the impressionistic literature are incorrect. While there has been a darkening of /l/-colour in apparent time, /l/-colour in General SAfE has been and is consistently of a relatively dark kind, as in the case of the Australasian varieties of English, the closest relatives of SAfE. Furthermore, results show that any remaining difference in colour between the two positional allophones is purely the result of intrinsic allophony i.e. General SAfE does not display a full RP-like clear-dark allophony. Results do, however, confirm that female speakers have a slightly more fronted variant of initial-/l/, probably a prestige variant. Keywords: South African English, English phonetics, English accents, sociophonetics, acoustic analysis, liquids, alveolar lateral, sound change
Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 e Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) associados a Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Moura Ana Cristina Torres , França Solange Maria de , Breda Mariana Oliveira , Carvalho Regina Célia Zonta de , Ferraz José Claudio Barros , Silva Paulo Roberto Ramalho
Published: December 2022

No processo de produção de mudas de eucalipto ocorre um complexo de artrópodes, podendo destacar os insetos sugadores, como pulgões. Objetivou-se estudar pulgões em mudas e minicepas em minijardim clonal de eucalipto no Brasil, através de sua identificação, estudos de crescimento populacional e preferência hospedeira desses insetos em diferentes espécies de eucalipto. Neste estudo registra-se, pela primeira vez em Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil, as espécies Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 e Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Colônias de pulgões foram observadas em abril e março de 2018 infestando mudas de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell e Eucalyptus brassiana S.T. Blake na casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), em Teresina, Piauí; e em minijardim clonal de Eucalyptus spp. do viveiro de produção de mudas PlantBem, em Monsenhor Gil, Piauí. O crescimento populacional de Aphis spiraecola foi avaliado através da utilização da taxa instantânea de crescimento (ri) em seis espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith e Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), assim como foi testada a preferência hospedeira do pulgão por essas espécies através de teste com chance de escolha. Apenas em Corymbia citriodora não houve crescimento populacional de A. spiraecola. Aphis spiraecola demonstrou menor preferência hospedeira por Corymbia citriodora, enquanto as espécies Eucalyptus pellita e Eucalyptus urophylla foram as preferidas. Este é o primeiro registro de Aphis gossypii em minijardim clonal de eucalipto e de Aphis spiraecola em mudas de Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil.
Crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. cultivadas em solo contaminado com cobre
Authors: Lunkes Antônio Marcos Zuliani , Mantovani Nilton Cesar , Soriani Hilda Hildebrand , Rangel Junior Fabio Santos
Published: December 2022

O cobre (Cu) é um micronutriente necessário ao desenvolvimento das plantas, pois está incluído na estrutura de compostos enzimáticos e ativadores. Contudo, em altas concentrações no solo pode se tornar tóxico ao metabolismo vegetal. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e tolerância de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis cultivadas em solo contaminado com cobre. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Frederico Westphalen, RS, entre os meses de março e setembro de 2018. As mudas de Ilex paraguariensis utilizadas no experimento foram adquiridas de um viveiro localizado no município de Arvorezinha, RS. Os tratamentos aplicados foram cinco doses de Cu (0 - controle, sem adição de cobre; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mg Kg-1 de solo). O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições, sendo cada repetição uma planta por vaso. Após a exposição aos diferentes tratamentos, sob cultivo em solo aos 150 dias, avaliou-se a altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule e folhas e índice de tolerância. Os resultados evidenciaram que as doses de cobre reduziram a altura e diâmetro de caule das mudas. A massa seca de todas as partições coletadas mostrou redução a partir da utilização de 200 mg kg-1 de solo. As plantas submetidas a maior dose de Cu (400 mg kg-1 de solo) apresentaram redução na área foliar de 64,7% em relação à testemunha. A espécie Ilex paraguariensis apresentou o índice de tolerância superior a 60% até a dose de 300 mg kg-1 de Cu.
Experimental Verification of Finite Element Analyses of Propeller Strength
Authors: Genalis Paris
Published: December 2022

Propeller strength analysis and prediction methods were investigated. The primary tool was the finite element technique. More specifically, the thins hell approximation was adopted and modeled by a commercially available (MARCCDC) program.

To verify that the program was performing correctly, holographic, strain gage, and stress coat experiments were performed on model and full-size propellers. Static loads were applied and measured together with displacements, strains and stresses.

Comparison of the results of the numerical (FEM) solutions to the experimental results shows that this method is highly reliable.

The experimental results also show patterns in the behavior of the blade which can guide the formulation of a design tool for the strength analysis of a propeller without r e course to the finite element analysis (except at the end of the design, as a final check ). Instead, a modified beam theory, based on observed patterns, can guide the designer to optimum design shape for hydrodynamics and strength.
Mechanical, Fatigue and Corrosion Properties of Propeller Bronzes
Authors: Czyryca Errest J. , Niederberger Robert B.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of tests on cast manganese bronze, manganese-nickel-aluminum bronze, and nickel-aluminum bronze which are extensively used in marine propellers. The mechanical, fatigue, and corrosion properties of the alloys in various size castings were studied. The strength, ductility, and toughness were measured and the fatigue and corrosion fatigue behavior of the alloys and weldments were determined. General corrosion, crevice corrosion, corrosion impingement, cavitation-erosion, impingement, and stress-corrosion test results in the sea water are presented. The relation of laboratory test data to pro-propeller performance is discussed.
Wake, Speed and Structural Dynamics Related to Blade Stresses
Authors: Wereldsma R. , Hylarides S.
Published: December 2022

Propeller blade stresses are calculated using the three-dimensional, unsteady lifting surface theory and the finite element technique. Correlation With full scale measurements is given.

Attention is paid to the dynamic aspects, especially with regard to the circumferential unsteadiness of the Wake field.

A model technique is suggested with regard to blade vibrations for a propeller operating in water.
Correlating Design Stresses and Fatigue Data for Propeller Alloys
Authors: Prager Martin
Published: December 2022

Calculating safe design stresses for propeller s using available fatigue data is discussed in detail. It is noted that no procedure can be rigorously justified because of the considerable number of factors influencing propeller strength and the inherent variability of large castings and corrosion fatigue tests. However, a method is proposed which avoids relying on precise knowledge of the properties of materials. Service experience is used to arrive at correlation coefficients which are needed to calculate allowable stresses over a range of operating conditions. The trends shown are believed to be reasonable. It is observed that the fatigue strengths of the propeller bronzes must be several times the nominal design stresses. In addition, it is suggested that the most reasonable projections occur when it is assumed that fatigue strength drops toward zero as the mean stress approaches the yield strength.
Experimental Unsteady and Time-Average Loads on the Blades of a CP-Propeller Behind a Model of the DD 963
Authors: Boswell Robert J. , Jessup Stuart D. , Nelka John J.
Published: December 2022

The time-average and unsteady loads were measured on a single blade of a model of the controllable-pitch propeller on the DD-963 Class Destroyer. The experiments were conducted behind a model of the DD-963 hull under steady ahead operation, hull pitching motions, and simulated acceleration manuevers.

The results show that all significant loads except radial force are predominantly of hydrodynamic origin. The circumferential variation of all measured components of blade loading is primarily a once-per-revolution variation, with the variation following approximately the variation of the tangential wake velocity.

The results show that unsteady loads are increased substantially by dynamic pitching of the model hull. For a simulated acceleration maneuver the circumferential variations of the loads are smaller than for full power steady ahead operation.

For steady ahead operation, circumferential variation of loading determined from the model experiments agreed fairly well with full-scale data, but was substantially larger than the theoretically calculated values.

For all conditions evaluated, the results follow close to previously published results of similar experiments on a model of the FF-1088.
Development of Semi-Integrated Trunnion for Heavily Loaded CP Propeller Blade
Authors: Koyama M. , Mishima T. , Yamamoto F.
Published: December 2022

CP-propeller is known to have the following disadvantages compared with FF-propeller.

1) Increased risk of root cavitation due to the restricted blade width at the root.

2) Parts with an increased number of notches are required to function under fluctuating loads in the un-uniform stern stream.

In order to solve these problems, we conducted 1) blade stress measurements with real ships, 2) static loading tests with model propellers, 3) blade bolt fatigue tests, and 4) propeller cavitation tests, and on the basis of the data obtained through these tests we worked out a new blade suspension system suited for large CPPs, which we named "semi-integrated trunnion" and, have put to practical use successfully. We have also demonstrated that with adoption of this semi-integrated trunnion the upper limit for the severity index for CPP design set by KHI on the basis of the past records can be raised substantially.
The Influence of Propeller Mean Loads on Propulsion Shaft Alignment
Authors: Vassilopoulos L.
Published: December 2022

Shafting alignment in the vertical and horizontal planes is known to be affected by the steady forces and moments generated by the propeller when it rotates. A review is first given of the scant literature on the problem. The origin of the propeller loads is then discussed and it is shown how they can be predicted on the basis of unsteady lifting surface theory. Calculations and some model measurements of steady lateral loads for eight shaft systems are then presented. The effect of each of the six load components on shaft alignment is discussed in some detail. Results are presented from a study based on mathematical optimization techniques in which propeller loads were included systematically in the shaft alignment selection phase. Recommendations are given for needed research that should aid in avoiding alignment-related failures.
Development of Ultrasonic Flaw Detection Technique on Marine Bronze Propeller
Authors: Iwasaki M. , Suzuki N. , Tokuda S. , Kimura N. , Nishimoto D.
Published: December 2022

An ultrasonic inspection apparatus is newly developed to detect internal flaws behind the surface of the actual marine propeller blade.

An ultrasonic transducer scans automatically on required area of a blade. If ultrasonic sound waves are bounced from internal flaws, echo signals are plotted on a X-Y recorder obtaining C-scope patterns. The system also has B-scope display to indicate the depth to the flaws.

Voids tears-cracks or clusters of these flaws having cross sections larger than 2mm2 are detectable. This nondestructive testing method is applicable to marine propellers made of Ni-Al bronze, but not to propellers made of Mn bronze because of extremely high attenuation of sound waves.

The report includes some detection examples of actual flaws showing fairly good agreement between actual size of flaw and that of detected results.
Addressing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Survival Outcomes in Randomized Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Ye Jiabu , Yu Binbing , Mann Helen , Sabin Antony , Szijgyarto Zsolt , Wright David , Mukhopadhyay Pralay , Massacesi Cristian , Ghiorghiu Serban , Iacona Renee
Published: December 2022

We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the statistical analysis of time-to-event outcomes in late-phase oncology trials. Using a simulated case study that mimics a Phase III ongoing trial during the pandemic, we evaluated the impact of COVID-19-related deaths, time off-treatment and missed clinical visits due to the pandemic, on overall survival and/or progression-free survival in terms of test size (also referred to as Type 1 error rate or alpha level), power, and hazard ratio (HR) estimates. We found that COVID-19-related deaths would impact both size and power, and lead to biased HR estimates; the impact would be more severe if there was an imbalance in COVID-19-related deaths between the study arms. Approaches censoring COVID-19-related deaths may mitigate the impact on power and HR estimation, especially if study data cut-off was extended to recover censoring-related event loss. The impact of COVID-19-related time off-treatment would be modest for power, and moderate for size and HR estimation. Different rules of censoring cancer progression times result in a slight difference in the power for the analysis of progression-free survival. The simulations provided valuable information for determining whether clinical-trial modifications should be required for ongoing trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Mighty Oak: How the National Trust creates visitor experience
Authors:   , Whiteside Ian
Published: December 2022

The National Trust is a heritage and environmental conservation organisation. Managing over 500 heritage properties that are open to visitors presents challenges to ensure a quality visitor experience. Key themes in the literature concern the management of space, authenticity and the skills and experience of managers and visitors. The current literature is about professional practice but what the conversations collected as data uncovered was that we have several different types of professional practice working in conjunction with each other, often not recognising the differences in approach and validity of the varying positions. How does the National Trust create visitor experience? By examining stories collected from within the National Trust, we can understand how the National Trust creates visitor experience. A greater understanding of how the National Trust works to create visitor experience leads to a breaking through the postmodern veneer of the corporate National Trust. The data for this thesis has been collected through a series of conversations with senior managers, specialists, property managers, visitor facing staff and volunteers at a range of National Trust properties. This research is being undertaken to better understand the organisation and to enhance the visitor experience. Deconstruction has been used for the analysis of this data to investigate the internal workings of the NT, power relationships and positions and how this creates the visitor experience. There is agreement within the National Trust about what constitutes a good experience for visitors and about key messages that visitors should take away, but there is not always agreement about how this should be achieved. There is also a question about who visitors are and diversity of visitors and within the trust, this is manifested in the question whose story is being told? This research suggests the following implications for professional practice, the need to define success to develop key performance indicators, the need for the National Trust to address issues of inclusion and representation, review of management and recruitment of future volunteers, introducing a standard approach to curation. The research also suggests the following academic contribution, development of the concept of the servicescape and the contribution of volunteers.
Centralizētās siltumapgādes darbības efektivitātes paaugstināšana un fosilo kurināmo aizstāšana ar alternatīviem enerģijas avotiem (Siltuma avota parametriskās optimizācijas algoritmi)
Authors: Žentiņš Varis
Published: December 2022

Latvijā ir labi attīstīta centralizētās siltumapgādes sistēma, un koģenerācijas režīmā tā saražo 75 % siltuma, ko saņem 69,5 % iedzīvotāji. Koģenerācijas stacijām strādājot elektroenerģijas brīvās tirgus apstākļos, rodas problēma sabalansēt elektroenerģijas un siltuma pieprasījuma grafikus. Promocijas darbā autors analizē siltuma akumulatora lietošanu, lai panāktu elastīgāku koģenerācijas staciju ekspluatāciju tirgus apstākļos. Tas būtiski palielinās aprēķinu funkciju skaits, kas rada lielāku nenoteiktību pareiza ražošanas lēmumu pieņemšanai. Autors piedāvā kompleksu aprēķinu metodiku, izmantojot reālus datus, lai novērtētu siltuma akumulācijas darbības parametrus dažādos režīmos. Šī metodika integrēta koģenerācijas stacijas lēmumu pieņemšanas algoritmā. Darba rezultāti aprobēti zinātniskās konferencēs un žurnālos, autors saņēmis pozitīvas Latvijas lielāko koģenerācijas staciju vadības atsauksmes.
Fuels with Alternative Energy Sources (Algorithms of Heat Source Parametric Optimization)
Authors: Žentiņš Varis
Published: December 2022

Centralized heat supply systems are well developed in Latvia, and 75 % of heat is produced in cogeneration mode, which is received by 69.5 % of the population. When cogeneration plants operate in the conditions of a free electricity market, it becomes problematic to balance the electricity and heat demand schedules. In the Thesis, the author analyses the application of heat accumulator in order to achieve more flexible operation of cogeneration plants in market conditions. This will significantly increase the number of calculation functions, which creates more uncertainty for making correct production decisions. The author offers a complex calculation methodology using real data in order to evaluate the operating parameters of heat accumulation at different modes. In addition, this methodology is integrated into the decision-making algorithm of the cogeneration plant.
Destabilizers of the thymidylate synthase homodimer accelerate its proteasomal degradation and inhibit cancer growth
Authors: Costantino Luca , Ferrari Stefania , Santucci Matteo , Salo-Ahen Outi MH , Carosati Emanuele , Franchini Silvia , Lauriola Angela , Pozzi Cecilia , Trande Matteo , Gozzi Gaia , Saxena Puneet , Cannazza Giuseppe , Losi Lorena , Cardinale Daniela , Venturelli Alberto , Quotadamo Antonio , Linciano Pasquale , Tagliazucchi Lorenzo , Moschella Maria Gaetana , Guerrini Remo , Pacifico Salvatore , Luciani Rosaria , Genovese Filippo , Henrich Stefan , Alboni Silvia , Santarem Nuno , da Silva Cordeiro Anabela , Giovannetti Elisa , Peters Godefridus J , Pinton Paolo , Rimessi Alessandro , Cruciani Gabriele , Stroud Robert M , Wade Rebecca C , Mangani Stefano , Marverti Gaetano , D'Arca Domenico , Ponterini Glauco , Costi Maria Paola
Published: December 2022

Drugs that target human thymidylate synthase (hTS), a dimeric enzyme, are widely used in anticancer therapy. However, treatment with classical substrate-site-directed TS inhibitors induces over-expression of this protein and development of drug resistance. We thus pursued an alternative strategy that led us to the discovery of TS-dimer destabilizers. These compounds bind at the monomer-monomer interface and shift the dimerization equilibrium of both the recombinant and the intracellular protein toward the inactive monomers. A structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic investigation has provided evidence and quantitative information on the effects of the interaction of these small molecules with hTS. Focusing on the best among them, E7, we have shown that it inhibits hTS in cancer cells and accelerates its proteasomal degradation, thus causing a decrease in the enzyme intracellular level. E7 also showed a superior anticancer profile to fluorouracil in a mouse model of human pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Thus, over sixty years after the discovery of the first TS prodrug inhibitor, fluorouracil, E7 breaks the link between TS inhibition and enhanced expression in response, providing a strategy to fight drug-resistant cancers.
Catalases in the pathogenesis ofSporothrix schenckiiresearch
Authors: Vargas-Maya Naurú Idalia , Olmedo-Monfil Vianey , Ramírez-Prado Jorge Humberto , Reyes-Cortés Ruth , Padilla-Vaca Felipe , Franco Bernardo
Published: December 2022

Pathogenic fungal infection success depends on the ability to escape the immune response. Most strategies for fungal infection control are focused on the inhibition of virulence factors and increasing the effectiveness of antifungal drugs. Nevertheless, little attention has been focused on their physiological resistance to the host immune system. Hints may be found in pathogenic fungi that also inhabit the soil. In nature, the saprophyte lifestyle of fungi is also associated with predators that can induce oxidative stress upon cell damage. The natural sources of nutrients for fungi are linked to cellulose degradation, which in turn generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, the antioxidant arsenal needed to thrive both in free-living and pathogenic lifestyles in fungi is fundamental for success. In this review, we present recent findings regarding catalases and oxidative stress in fungi and how these can be in close relationship with pathogenesis. Additionally, special focus is placed on catalases ofSporothrix schenckiias a pathogenic model with a dual lifestyle. It is assumed that catalase expression is activated upon exposure to H2O2, but there are reports where this is not always the case. Additionally, it may be relevant to consider the role of catalases inS. schenckiisurvival in the saprophytic lifestyle and why their study can assess their involvement in the survival and therefore, in the virulence phenotype of different species ofSporothrixand when each of the three catalases are required. Also, studying antioxidant mechanisms in other isolates of pathogenic and free-living fungi may be linked to the virulence phenotype and be potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Thus, the rationale for this review to place focus on fungal catalases and their role in pathogenesis in addition to counteracting the effect of immune system reactive oxygen species. Fungi that thrive in soil and have mammal hosts could shed light on the importance of these enzymes in the two types of lifestyles. We look forward to encouraging more research in a myriad of areas on catalase biology with a focus on basic and applied objectives and placing these enzymes as virulence determinants.