bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EBFA-6D: End-to-End Transparent Object 6D Pose Estimation Based on a Boundary Feature Augmented Mechanism
Authors: Jiang Xinbei , Zhu Zichen , Gao Tianhan , Guo Nan
Published: November 2024

Transparent objects, commonly encountered in everyday environments, present significant challenges for 6D pose estimation due to their unique optical properties. The lack of inherent texture and color complicates traditional vision methods, while the transparency prevents depth sensors from accurately capturing geometric details. We propose EBFA-6D, a novel end-to-end 6D pose estimation framework that directly predicts the 6D poses of transparent objects from a single RGB image. To overcome the challenges introduced by transparency, we leverage the high contrast at object boundaries inherent to transparent objects by proposing a boundary feature augmented mechanism. We further conduct a bottom-up feature fusion to enhance the location capability of EBFA-6D. EBFA-6D is evaluated on the ClearPose dataset, outperforming the existing methods in accuracy while achieving an inference speed near real-time. The results demonstrate that EBFA-6D provides an efficient and effective solution for accurate 6D pose estimation of transparent objects.
A Survey of the Magnetic Anisotropy Detection Technology of Ferromagnetic Materials Based on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise
Authors: Wang Liting , Xu Changjie , Feng Libo , Wang Wenjie
Published: November 2024

Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is one of the most effective methods for determining the easy axis of ferromagnetic materials and for evaluating texture and residual stress in a nondestructive manner. MBN signals from multiple angles and different magnetization sections can be used to characterize magnetic anisotropy caused by various magnetization mechanisms. This paper reviews the development and application of magnetic anisotropy detection technology, and the MBN anisotropy models that take into account domain wall motion and magnetic domain rotation are analyzed thoroughly. Subsequently, the MBN anisotropy detection devices and detection methods are discussed, and the application of magnetic anisotropy detection technology in stress measurement and texture evaluation is reviewed. From the perspective of improving detection accuracy, the influence of composite mechanisms on magnetic anisotropy is analyzed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by current magnetic anisotropy detection technology are summarized. The relevant conclusions obtained in this paper can be used to guide the MBN evaluation of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials.
MGL-YOLO: A Lightweight Barcode Target Detection Algorithm
Authors: Qu Yuanhao , Zhang Fengshou
Published: November 2024

Due to the critical importance of one-dimensional barcode detection in logistics, retail, and manufacturing, which has become a key issue affecting operational efficiency, researchers have shown increasing interest in this area. However, deploying deep convolutional neural networks on embedded and some edge devices is very challenging due to limited storage space and computational resources. To address this issue, this paper proposes MGL-YOLO, a lightweight one-dimensional barcode detection network based on an improved YOLOv8, which aims to achieve a high detection accuracy at low computational cost. First, a new multi-scale group convolution (MSGConv) is designed and integrated into the C2f module to construct the MSG-C2f feature extraction module. By replacing the C2f module in the P5 layer of the backbone network, the ability to extract multi-scale feature information is enhanced. Secondly, a feature extraction module, Group RepConv Cross Stage Partial Efficient Long-Range Attention Network (GRCE), is designed to optimize the feature extraction capability of the C2f modules in the neck section, offering significant advantages in multi-scale characteristics and complexity adjustment. Finally, a Lightweight Shared Multi-Scale Detection Head (LSMD) is proposed, which improves the model’s detection accuracy and adaptability while reducing the model’s parameter size and computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm increases MAP50 and MAP50.95 by 2.57% and 2.31%, respectively, compared to YOLOv8, while reducing parameter size and computational cost by 36.21% and 34.15%, respectively. Moreover, it also demonstrates advantages in average precision compared to other object detection networks, proving the effectiveness of MGL-YOLO for one-dimensional barcode detection in complex backgrounds.
To Change or Not to Change: Perceptions and Experiential Knowledge of Tennis Coaches When Modifying Grip Technique
Authors: Busuttil Nicholas , Middleton Kane J. , Dunn Marcus , Roberts Alexandra H.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiential knowledge of tennis coaches as it related to the development of grip positions in tennis athletes. Accredited tennis coaches (n = 11) completed semi-structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions about their coaching background, the importance of grip positions compared with other areas of foundational development, and their opinions on using physically-constraining tools (PCTs). Two major themes, “Grip positions are an adaptive skill” and “Why and how do I modify an athlete’s grip?”, were identified. Coaches expressed the opinion that grip positions were dynamic and a modifiable component of tennis stroke technique. Irrespective of shot type, grip positions were viewed as a non-negotiable aspect of talent development and intrinsically linked to other components of the stroke. Coaches questioned the necessity of technique refinement for grip positions given the complex and time-costly nature of bringing about effective motor-behaviour change. Some coaches expressed reservations about skill transfer into live match-play, intuitively expressing the concepts of the constraints-led approach to manipulate key variables within the athlete’s environment to foster learning. Future research should aim to assess the short- and long-term effects of PCT use in tennis and establish the extent to which PCTs can impact learning and skill transfer.
Coupling Coordination Analysis of China’s Tourism Inclusive Green Growth System and Its Dynamic Evolution
Authors: Xu Tianjun , Weng Gangmin , Guo Wei
Published: November 2024

With this research, we aim to outline and analyze China’s tourism inclusive green growth system and explore its dynamic evolution in terms of economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social inclusiveness. By establishing an evaluation index system and using the entropy weight method, grey correlation, and the coupling coordination model, we analyzed the development level, subsystem correlation strength, and coupling coordination degree of China’s tourism inclusive green growth from 2004 to 2022. The main findings are as follows: (1) The tourism inclusive green growth index is generally on an upward trend. The economic growth subsystem is sensitive to emergencies, the social inclusion subsystem demonstrates strong robustness, the environmental sustainability subsystem shows resilience, and the overall system has strong adaptability. (2) From 2004 to 2010, the tourism economy dominated green growth; from 2011 to 2016, the three pillars of tourism inclusive green growth were driven in a coordinated manner; from 2017 to 2018, social inclusion dominated green growth; from 2019 to 2020, the epidemic caused fluctuations; and from 2021 to 2022, economic recovery became the main driving force. (3) From 2004 to 2022, the coordination among the tourism economy, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability significantly improved, especially after 2015. This research emphasizes the balance among economy, society, and environment in China’s tourism development and promotes the realization of multi-dimensional win–win results.
Research on Energy Efficiency Optimization Control Strategy of Office Space Based on Genetic Simulated Annealing Strategy
Authors: Mu Wei , Fan Zengliang , Hua Qingbo , Chu Kongqing , Liu Huabo , Gao Junwei
Published: November 2024

Current energy-saving lighting control algorithms often face the dilemma of local optimality, which limits the energy-saving potential and comfort improvement of indoor lighting systems. The control parameters of the lighting system are optimized using a genetic simulated annealing algorithm to achieve the global optimal solution and enhance energy-saving efficacy in indoor lighting. The local search ability of the algorithm is enhanced by simulated annealing processing of excellent individuals after genetic operation. The genetic probability is adaptively adjusted according to the number of iterations and the fitness of the population, so that the algorithm enriches the population diversity in the early stage and avoids the “premature” convergence of the algorithm. A lamp illuminance model based on an artificial neural network and an indoor natural illuminance model based on a workbench are proposed to evaluate the lighting comfort, which provides a basis for constructing the fitness function of the optimization algorithm. Through the simulation experiment, the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is applied to the lighting scene introduced in this paper and compared with the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm, the lighting energy saving performance is significantly improved.
AI-Driven Circular Economy of Enhancing Sustainability and Efficiency in Industrial Operations
Authors: Oladapo Bankole I. , Olawumi Mattew A. , Omigbodun Francis T.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates integrating circular economy principles—such as closed-loop systems and economic decoupling—into industrial sectors, including refining, clean energy, and electric vehicles. The primary objective is to quantify the impact of circular practices on resource efficiency and environmental sustainability. A mixed-methods approach combines qualitative case studies with quantitative modelling using the Brazilian Land-Use Model for Energy Scenarios (BLUES) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). These models project long-term trends in emissions reduction and resource optimization. Significant findings include a 20–25% reduction in waste production and an improvement in recycling efficiency from 50% to 83% over a decade. Predictive models demonstrated high accuracy, with less than a 5% deviation from actual performance metrics, supported by error metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Statistical validations confirm the reliability of these forecasts. The study highlights the potential for circular economy practices to reduce reliance on virgin materials and lower carbon emissions while emphasizing the critical role of policy support and technological innovation. This integrated approach offers actionable insights for industries seeking sustainable growth, providing a robust framework for future resource efficiency and environmental management applications.
Carbon Dioxide-Based Neutralization of High-Density Sludge Effluents as a Sustainable Climate and Water Quality Alternative to the Use of Strong Mineral Acids
Authors: Gastañadui-Cruz Julio C. , Reyes-Lopez Iván A. , Cortijo-Garcia Agusberto , Portilla-Rodriguez Hans R. , Bush John A. , Vanneste Johan , Garcia-Chevesich Pablo A.
Published: November 2024

The neutralization of high-density sludge (HDS) effluent is a required process involved in the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). In their last treatment stage, effluents with high pH values are acidified to reach legal standards before being released to the environment using hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In this investigation, CO2 was tested as an alternative way to decrease the pH of the HDS effluent, together with an economic analysis comparing the results with the use of strong mineral acids, considering a full-scale 300 m3/h plant. HDS samples were collected from a PAN American Silver operation in Cajamarca, northern Peru. Four acidification tests were carried out on 20 L containers, with a subsequent evaluation of reaction time and CO2 consumption to regulate the final pH of the treated solution. The results suggest that by adding CO2 (0.5 L/min) to the solution, the pH was successfully decreased from 10–10.5 to 6.5–7.5 (which falls within the legal limits) in a matter of minutes. An average of 130 g of CO2 was sequestrated per m3 of solution to decrease the pH within legal limits, representing around USD 0.031/m3 in terms of treatment cost for a full-scale plant. While this is more expensive than using other acids, with a CO2 credit of USD 100/ton, sequestrated CO2 neutralization is 12% cheaper and only 6% more expensive than using H2SO4 and HCl, respectively. Moreover, in terms of the costs per ton of avoided CO2 of USD 133 and USD 262 for replacing hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, respectively, it is markedly lower than the cost of other CO2 abatement technologies, like, for instance, solar photovoltaic panels (PV) that can cost between USD 368 and USD 684/ton of avoided CO2 in Peru and require substantial capital investments. Moreover, the use of CO2 implicates a series of additional safety, operational, and environmental advantages that should be considered. Therefore, the use of CO2 to decrease HDS effluent’s pH should be further explored in Peru and elsewhere as a sustainable alternative.
The Dark Fermentation Hydrogen Production of Mixed Bacterial Strains with Immobilized Cells from Household Waste
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Yuan Pengfei , Jia Xuechen , Pan Wenyan , Liu Jianfei , Zhao Weilong
Published: November 2024

Polyurethane sponge particles were employed as bio-immobilized cell carriers for dark fermentation hydrogen production with heating-treated cow dung inoculum from epipremnum aureum waste and kitchen waste. This study explored the performance changes of batch dark fermentation hydrogen production systems under different influent substrates. Different influent total solids concentration and substrate types both had a large effect on the efficiency of the biological hydrogen production process. Based on the combined analysis of hydrogen production efficacy, VFA, and energy conversion efficiency, the optimal influent total solids concentration was 2 g/L and 10 g/L for epipremnum aureum waste and kitchen waste, respectively. For the epipremnum aureum waste, the energy conversion efficiency was 13.6% and the metabolic type was mixed fermentation at a total solids concentration of 2 g/L. For kitchen waste, the energy conversion efficiency was 14.4% and the metabolic type was ethanol/acetic fermentation at a total solids concentration of 10 g/L. The results indicate that epipremnum aureum waste and kitchen waste can be used as substrates for dark fermentation hydrogen production, and kitchen waste performed better than epipremnum aureum waste at the same influent total solids concentration. Compared to other nutrients, both epipremnum aureum waste and kitchen waste also showed better hydrogen production efficacy and energy conversion efficiency. The study can provide a more economical and efficient method for residential household waste recycling.
Water Resources Information Disclosure and Sustainable Development: Evidence from China
Authors: Yu Hui-Cheng , Zhang Xia , Ma Beiling
Published: November 2024

Water resources management is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. Previous studies have seldom examined the relationship between water resources and sustainable development, especially in emerging economies. The objective of this study is to explore whether sustainable development affects the intention to disclose water resource information among Chinese firms. The sample comprises 412 observations collected from publicly listed firms in China from 2015 to 2019. Data is analyzed using content analysis and regression analysis. Empirical evidence suggests that sustainable development is positively and significantly related to water resource information disclosure. The sustainable development of water-sensitive industries has a positive and significant influence on water resources. This study offers evidence of the relationship between water resource information disclosure and sustainable development, a topic rarely discussed in the literature. The evidence can contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between water resource information disclosure and sustainable development in emerging economies.
The Purchasing Potential of EU Residents in the Real Estate Market in the Context of Sustained Development
Authors: Goracy Damian , Maciejewska Aleksandra , Maciuk Kamil
Published: November 2024

The objective of the study was to ascertain the purchasing power potential of the average gross salary in the real estate market. The study area involved the European Union (EU) member states from 2008 to 2022. The research was based on the following data: average earnings for a full-time job, housing market transaction prices, and housing rental prices in the country. The analysis demonstrated that the average European must save for nearly six years for the purchase of their own apartment. Over the period from 2015 to 2022, the purchasing power of the monthly wage decreased in 20 of the 26 countries included in the survey. A recent study has demonstrated that 31% of the EU’s residents maintain households in rented housing. The study revealed that in the capital cities of six of the twenty countries surveyed, rent constitutes more than half of the average salary. Warsaw, the most expensive capital city, requires more than 93% of the average salary to be spent on rent.
Performance of Environmentally Friendly Concrete Containing Fly-Ash and Waste Face Mask Fibers
Authors: Nawaz Adnan , Khan Ameer Murad , Jirasakjamroonsri Amorntep , Saingam Panumas , Ejaz Ali , Hussain Qudeer , Mohamad Hisham , Thansirichaisree Phromphat
Published: November 2024

This work was carried out to explore the potential use of used face masks in concrete to develop sustainable green concrete. In this experimental study, used face masks were cut up, removing the ear stripes and internal nose steel wire, to prepare elongated fibers. These fibers were incorporated in cement fly ash mixtures as an additive to determine the response of M20-grade concrete. The Class F fly ash (FA) was employed as a fractional substitute of cement up to 25% by weight, whereas the addition of face masks occurred at 0%, 0.125%, and 0.25% by volume of concrete. The testing scheme focused on the mechanical and durability characteristics of the cement FA mixtures carried out after 3, 28, and 60 days of curing. The inclusion of FA and face mask fibers reduced the density of concrete specimens. The compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths of mixes were also reduced at an early age; however, the strength characteristics improved at later ages, compared to the control mix. The combination of both materials in concrete mixtures resulted in lower water absorption, lower bulk water sorption, and lower mass loss values against acid attack at later ages. Similarly, the electrical resistance of concrete substantially enhanced by increasing the percentage of both materials. The experimental results demonstrated that processed face masks can be utilized in cement fly ash mixes without significantly compromising the resultant concrete characteristics.
Design for Six Sigma in the Product Development Process Under a Sustainability Point of View: A Real-Life Case Study
Authors: Arcidiacono Gabriele , Risaliti Edoardo , Del Pero Francesco
Published: November 2024

The modern economic landscape, now more competitive than ever, compels companies to create increasingly innovative, cutting-edge, and cost-effective products. In this regard, the design and development phases play a crucial role, as they closely determine the final satisfaction of the customers. It follows from this the need for a structured approach to product development, which allows companies to identify product key characteristics, also useful when there is the need for carrying out the redesign of an existing product. This work provides the application of the Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) methodology to a real redesign case study, based on the improvement in a specific mountain bike model (baseline product). The final target is identifying the main criticalities and intervention areas for the bicycle, to provide valuable suggestions to designers and developers for creating a new product alternative characterised by an extended horizon to various markets. DFSS is applied to identify and optimise Critical-To-Quality (CTQ) features, aiming at making the project as responsive as possible to customers’ needs. More specifically, two main tasks are addressed. The first one is the application of the identify phase of the IDOV approach (Identify, Design, Optimise, Validate) to identify the most pertinent Voice of the Customers (VOCs) to be implemented in the product. The second main task is the analysis of the integrated product development process carried out through the Six Sigma (SS) methodology, to transform the VOCs into CTQs via the Quality Function Deployment 1 (QFD1) and to prioritise the CTQ to achieve design excellence. The identified improvement strategies are presented and critically discussed in relation to their potential to reduce the environmental impact of the overall Life Cycle (LC) of the product.
Material Metabolism of Infrastructure on an Inhabited Island: Resource Flow and Stock Growth
Authors: Guo Zhen , Feng Aiping , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Peidong , Ning Huanshan , Zhuang Yunling
Published: November 2024

Island infrastructure material stock (MS) analysis reveals resource flow and accumulation, providing policymakers with insights for managing resources and planning. This study comprehensively analyzed the MS of infrastructure on Miao Island using a bottom-up approach and multi-source data. Key findings include the following: In 2020, the total in-use MS was 249.8 kt, with stone, gravel, and sand accounting for 80%. Transportation infrastructure held the largest share (40.8%). Over the past 40 years, Miao Island’s infrastructure MS increased by 256%, with a net addition of 179.6 kt. The three distinct development periods were closely linked to China’s reform and local stimulus plans. Miao Island has a lower construction intensity than urban areas, with a per capita MS growth rate of 10.12 t/yr. Despite this, future waste remains a challenge to the island’s capacity. Given the constraints of limited investment due to population decline and the aging of in-use stock, island infrastructure should conform to local resource availability and long-term plans. Priority should be given to environmental compatibility, resilience to resource disruptions, and establishing a circular system to support sustainable island development.
Sustainability of Discontinuously Supported Slopes in Temporary Shallow Excavations for Building Construction: A Stability Analysis Procedure
Authors: Millán Miguel A. , Mencías-Carrizosa David , Calle Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Sustainable building construction requires a design process that ensures long-term structural durability and minimizes risks of failure or damage during construction and throughout the structure’s service life. One critical aspect of this process is the excavation of simple basements, which often requires discontinuously supported excavation (shielding) when soil stability is compromised, or nearby buildings or infrastructure are at risk. Despite the apparent simplicity of this technique, the lack of a standardized procedure to verify the safety of excavated slopes frequently leads to accidents and damage to adjacent structures. This research introduces a methodology for assessing the safety of discontinuously supported excavations. The proposed method involves a series of calculations based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) to develop a stability chart. Currently, no established approach exists to address this complex three-dimensional problem. The models used are characterized by the slope height and the width between supports. The soil is modeled as elastoplastic, following the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, with parameters including the friction angle and the cohesive strength. A comprehensive set of simulations is conducted for various heights, widths, and friction angles to determine the minimum cohesive strength required to achieve a specific safety factor. All results are appropriately non-dimensionalized to generate stability charts, which provide an accessible tool for assessing the stability of discontinuously supported slope configurations with a given width between shields.
Analyzing Critical Success Factors of Sustainable Knowledge Management: An Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Approach
Authors: Turan Hakan , Bulak Muhammet Enis , Çaloğlu Büyükselçuk Elif
Published: November 2024

Knowledge management (KM) is a structured approach that includes the organized procedures of generating, capturing, arranging, storing, retrieving, distributing, and harnessing an organization’s knowledge resources to attain its goals and improve its effectiveness. Encountering uncertainty and managing imprecise information are fundamental aspects of KM that cannot be avoided. In this context, sustainable KM aims to solve these issues and address prioritizing the long-term sustainability and efficiency of knowledge-related processes within an organization. The aim of this study is to structure a sustainable KM concept for organizations and identify the most common critical success factors (CSFs) with a novel analytical approach. In this context, the Interval-Valued Neutrosophic methodology, which is one of the multi-criteria decision methods (MCDMs), was adopted to evaluate and weight the determined CSFs. Four main headings—KM, environmental, economical, and social criteria—are evaluated along with their subfactors. Our findings show that KM is found to be the most important, and environmental factors followed KM. When the results are examined in terms of subfactors, cleaner production is found to be the most significant, with a global weight value of 11.13.
Developing Framework for Implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) in Sustainable Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Construction Projects
Authors: Alawag Aawag Mohsen , Alqahtani Fahad K. , Alaloul Wesam Salah , Liew M. S. , Baarimah Abdullah O. , Al-Mekhlafi Al-Baraa Abdulrahman , Sherif Mohamed A.
Published: November 2024

The construction sector is increasingly shifting towards sustainable and efficient methodologies, with the industrialized building system (IBS) playing a pivotal role in this transformation. Despite this, the adoption of total quality management (TQM) in IBS projects faces significant challenges, including a lack of comprehensive understanding of TQM standards and resistance to change within the industry. This study addresses these gaps by developing a comprehensive framework for implementing TQM in sustainable IBS construction projects. The objective is to enhance project quality and sustainability by addressing critical issues such as limited stakeholder awareness and opposition to TQM adoption. Using qualitative methodology rooted in phenomenology, this study explores the lived experiences of key stakeholders involved in IBS projects, including project managers, construction professionals, and government officials. Data were collected through in-depth interviews to capture their perspectives on TQM integration in the IBS context. The findings highlight the crucial role of TQM in fostering continuous improvement, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and ensuring adherence to quality standards throughout the project lifecycle. The proposed framework incorporates essential TQM principles such as process optimization, employee engagement, and customer focus, providing a structured approach to overcoming the barriers to effective implementation. Furthermore, the framework promotes sustainability by reducing waste and improving energy efficiency in IBS projects. This study offers valuable insights for construction professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, presenting practical solutions to improve the quality and sustainability of IBS construction. Leadership, cultural transformation, and continuous improvement are identified as key factors for successful TQM integration, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable building processes in the construction industry.
Satellite Data and Machine Learning for Benchmarking Methane Concentrations in the Canadian Dairy Industry
Authors: Bi Hanqing , Neethirajan Suresh
Published: November 2024

Amid escalating climate change concerns, methane—a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential far exceeding that of carbon dioxide—demands urgent attention. The Canadian dairy industry significantly contributes to methane emissions through cattle enteric fermentation and manure management practices. Precise benchmarking of these emissions is critical for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study ingeniously integrates eight years of Sentinel-5P satellite data with advanced machine learning techniques to establish a methane concentration benchmark and predict future emission trends in the Canadian dairy sector. By meticulously analyzing weekly methane concentration data from 575 dairy farms and 384 dairy processors, we uncovered intriguing patterns: methane levels peak during autumn, and Ontario exhibits the highest concentrations among all provinces. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unexpected shifts in methane emissions due to altered production methods and disrupted supply chains. Our Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model adeptly captures methane concentration trends, providing a powerful tool for planning and reducing emissions from dairy operations. This pioneering approach not only demonstrates the untapped potential of combining satellite data with machine learning for environmental monitoring but also paves the way for informed emission reduction strategies in the dairy industry. Future endeavors will focus on enhancing satellite data accuracy, integrating more granular farm and processor variables, and refining machine learning models to bolster prediction precision.
The Development of an Advanced Facade Map: An Evolving Resource for Documenting Case Studies
Authors: Lamberti Vito , Lehrer David , Betti Giovanni , Carlucci Francesco , Fiorito Francesco
Published: November 2024

This paper describes the creation and the potentials of an online tool to identify and document case studies that demonstrate perceived best practices in the design and implementation of advanced, sustainable, and climate-responsive integrated buildings facades. The project was created to catalog these projects in sufficient detail to allow users—expected to include design professionals, students, and faculty—to discover and study relevant examples, based on key project features, defined by the authors as technologically advanced and worthy of relevance: daylight and solar control, natural ventilation, noise control, embodied carbon, energy generation, and innovative insulation systems. The website documenting 44 case study buildings and this paper provides a preliminary overview about how it was made, what it is, and what some potential uses of the tool might be. This study emphasizes adaptability across climates, showcasing sustainable facades designed to balance energy efficiency with occupant comfort. This study also shows how data can be analyzed through the Map, based on four case studies. Presenting these statistics, the resource offers a foundation for exploring facade technologies that support sustainable building practices and respond effectively to climate-specific challenges. In doing so, the authors aim to inspire further exploration of innovative facade solutions within the context of sustainable building practices.
Asymmetry of Two-Dimensional Thermal Convection at High Rayleigh Numbers
Authors: He Jian-Chao , Bao Yun , Chen Xi
Published: November 2024

While thermal convection cells exhibit left–right and top–bottom symmetries at low Rayleigh numbers (Ra), the emergence of coherent flow structures, such as elliptical large-scale circulation in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC), breaks these symmetries as the Rayleigh number increases. Recently, spatial double-reflection symmetry was proposed and verified for two-dimensional RBC at a Prandtl number of 6.5 and Ra values up to 1010. In this study, we examined this new symmetry at a lower Prandtl number of 0.7 and across a wider range of Rayleigh numbers, from 107 to 1013. Our findings reveal that the double-reflection symmetry is preserved for the mean profiles and flow fields of velocity and temperature for Ra<109, but it is broken at higher Rayleigh numbers. This asymmetry at high Ra values is inferred to be induced by a flow-pattern transition at Ra=109. Together with the previous study, our results demonstrate that the Prandtl number has an important influence on the symmetry preservation in RBC.
A Symmetric Reversible Audio Information Hiding Algorithm Using Matrix Embedding Within Image Carriers
Authors: Tuo Yongqiang , Li Guodong , Hou Kaiyue
Published: November 2024

To address the vulnerability of existing hiding algorithms to differential attacks and the limitations of single chaotic systems, such as small key space and low security, a novel algorithm combining audio encryption with information hiding is proposed. First, the original audio is divided into blocks to enhance efficiency. A “one-time pad” mechanism is achieved by associating the key with the plaintext, and a new multidimensional sine-coupled chaotic map is designed, which, in conjunction with multiple chaotic systems, generates the key stream. Next, the block-processed audio signals are matrix-converted and then encrypted using cyclic remainder scrambling, an improved Josephus scrambling, XOR diffusion, and bit diffusion. This results in an encrypted audio information matrix. Finally, the GHM multiwavelet transform is used to select embedding channels, and the least significant bit (LSB) method is employed to hide the information within the carrier image. The algorithm is symmetric, and decryption involves simply reversing the encryption process on the stego image. Experimental results demonstrate that the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) between the carrier image and the stego image is 0.992540, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is 49.659404 dB, and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is 0.708044. These metrics indicate high statistical similarity and indistinguishability in visual appearance. The key space of the encryption algorithm is approximately 2850, which effectively resists brute-force attacks. The energy distribution of the encrypted audio approximates noise, with information entropy close to 8, uniform histograms, high scrambling degree, strong resistance to differential attacks, and robustness against noise and cropping attacks.
Electroweak Parameters from Mixed SU(2) Yang–Mills Thermodynamics
Authors: Meinert Janning , Hofmann Ralf
Published: November 2024

Based on the thermal phase structure of pure SU(2) quantum Yang–Mills theory, we describe the electron at rest as an extended particle, a droplet of radius r0∼a0, where a0 is the Bohr radius. This droplet is of vanishing pressure and traps a monopole within its bulk at a temperature of Tc=7.95 keV. The monopole is in the Bogomolny–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) limit. It is interpreted in an electric–magnetically dual way. Utilizing a spherical mirror-charge construction, we approximate the droplet’s charge at a value of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant α of α−1∼134 for soft external probes. It is shown that the droplet does not exhibit an electric dipole or quadrupole moment due to averages of its far-field electric potential over monopole positions. We also calculate the mixing angle θW∼30°, which belongs to deconfining phases of two SU(2) gauge theories of very distinct Yang–Mills scales (Λe=3.6 keV and ΛCMB∼10−4 eV). Here, the condition that the droplet’s bulk thermodynamics is stable determines the value of θW. The core radius of the monopole, whose inverse equals the droplet’s mass in natural units, is about 1% of r0.
A Multi-Methodological Conceptual Framework to Explore Systemic Interventions
Authors: Paucar-Cáceres Alberto , Abuabara Leila
Published: November 2024

The paper proposes a ‘Systemic Multi-methodological Framework’ for multi-methodological management science/operational research (MS/OR) interventions. Based on John Mingers’ framework for mapping MS/OR methodologies/methods/techniques, we advance a systemic framework to enhance systemic intervention. The framework draws from the key elements of Robert Flood and Mike Jackson’s and Mingers’ concepts for multi-methodological practice. We discuss both the practical difficulties of applying Mingers’ notional systems in the real world and the cultural and psychological obstacles that prevent the viability of a multi-method and multi-paradigm intervention. We discuss the insights that are useful for overcoming the obstacles inherent to a multi-methodological intervention. By proposing an original framework, we aim to contribute to the debate about increasing systemic interventions and multi-methodological practice in MS/OR.
Neurobehavioral Performance in Preschool Children Exposed Postnatally to Organophosphates in Agricultural Regions, Northern Thailand
Authors: Thammachai Ajchamon , Suwannakul Boonsita , Sangkarit Noppharath , Hongsibsong Surat , Rohitrattana Juthasiri , Sapbamrer Ratana
Published: November 2024

Evidence of the effects of postnatal exposure to organophosphates (OPs) on children’s neurodevelopment remains limited but crucial. This cross-sectional study evaluated exposure to OPs and neurobehavioral performance in 172 preschool children. Urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, biomarkers for exposure to OPs, were measured. The neurobehavioral assessments included motor skills, memory, and cognitive function, measured using the Purdue pegboard test, digit span test, object memory test, and visual-motor integration. Multiple linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between urinary DAP metabolite levels and neurobehavioral performance, adjusting for potential confounders. Findings revealed that children of farming parents had higher urinary levels of dimethylphosphate (DMP) (Beta = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.138, 1.322, p value = 0.016) and diethylphosphate (DEP) (Beta = 0.668, 95% CI = 0.044, 1.291, p value = 0.036). Additionally, high fruit consumption correlated with increased urinary DEP levels (Beta = 0.398, 95% CI = 0.063, 0.733, p value = 0.020). Critically, elevated urinary DEP was associated with poorer fine motor coordination, affecting performance in the Purdue pegboard test for the dominant hand (Beta = −0.428, 95% CI = −0.661, −0.194, p value < 0.001), the preferred hand (Beta = −0.376, 95% CI = −0.603, −0.149, p value = 0.001), and both hands (Beta = −0.524, 95% CI = −0.773, −0.276, p value < 0.001). These findings highlight the role of parental occupation and diet in children’s OP exposure and suggest that OP exposure negatively impacts fine motor coordination. Targeted interventions, such as promoting organic diets, enhancing workplace safety, and ongoing biomonitoring, are vital to reduce neurodevelopmental risks for vulnerable populations.
The Impact of Blood Lead and Its Interaction with Occupational Factors and Air Pollution on Hypertension Prevalence
Authors: Gong Yajun , Wang Ying , Nong Qiying , Hu Peixia , Li Zhiqiang , Huang Xiangyuan , Zhong Meimei , Li Xinyue , Wu Shaomin , Zeng Fangfang , Zhao Na , Qin Yiru , Liu Suhui , Hong Jiaying , Hu Ligang , Zhang Wangjian , Huang Yongshun
Published: November 2024

Large-scale epidemiological studies on the association of blood lead levels with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence are still limited, particularly among lead-exposed workers. The evidence is even more scarce on the interaction of blood lead levels with occupational variables and ambient air pollution levels. We developed mixed-effect models based on a large group of lead-exposed workers (N = 22,002). The results were also stratified by multiple groupings. Compared to participants with blood lead < 20 μg/L, those with levels > 20 μg/L had a 26–37% higher prevalence of hypertension, as well as a 0.65–13.7 mmHg higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Workers exposed to high PM10 levels had a 21–28% higher risk. Workers exposed to high temperatures had a 0.41–2.46 mmHg greater increase in blood pressure, and those not exposed to dust had a 1.29–1.65 mmHg greater blood pressure increase. Our findings suggested the negative impact of blood lead on blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension, with workers exposed to high PM10 concentrations, those exposed to occupational high temperature, and those without dust exposure being more vulnerable.
Are We Missing Something About the Maximum Dosing of Botulinum Toxin Type A1 in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Spasticity?
Authors: Picelli Alessandro , Di Censo Rita , Tamburin Stefano , Smania Nicola , Filippetti Mirko
Published: November 2024

Botulinum toxin type A1 is a first-line treatment for adult and pediatric spasticity. However, when considering the quantity of 150 kDa neurotoxin protein in relation to patient weight and the maximum recommended dose for treating adult and pediatric patients with spasticity, several concerns arise. First, the therapeutic margin (the ratio of the actual maximum quantity of toxin recommended for treating adult spasticity to its median lethal dose) appears to be relevant. Second, there is no consistency between adult and pediatric dosing of botulinum toxin type A1 for spasticity. The third point concerns the suitability of the recommended doses for treating spasticity in pediatric patients. Based on the average body weight of American children and adolescents, the maximum weight-based doses for abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA could be administered to children as young as 9 years old. Additionally, the maximum weight-based dose for incobotulinumtoxinA could be administered to children as young as 6 years old. The final point concerns managing the maximum dose of BoNT/A1 in pediatric patients with spasticity who weigh more than 25 kg for incobotulinumtoxinA, or more than 34 kg for abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA. No labeled recommendations are given on the weight cut-off for transitioning to adult dosing in pediatric patients.
The Quality Urban Label and the 4Q City Model: Levers for Urban Adaptation and Climate Change Mitigation in Mediterranean Cities
Authors: Mazon Jordi
Published: November 2024

Simple indicators are often used to summarize the complexity of systems or products, commonly through color-coded labels paired with letters. These labels, like those indicating energy efficiency or nutritional ratings, help users quickly understand essential characteristics. Building on this approach, the Quality Urban Label (QUL) has been developed to assess public space adaptation to urban climate change. The QUL utilizes four key indicators, called quality components: air quality (pollutants), noise pollution, thermal comfort, and visual comfort. It ranges from 0 to 25 and is represented by a color and letter code (green, A, ranging from 0 to 2; blue, B, ranging from 6 to 11; orange, C, ranging from 15 to 19; and red, D, ranging from 22 to 25), with green representing better quality and red poorer quality. The QUL aims to evaluate public spaces based on energy consumption reduction, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and progress toward carbon neutrality. This article explores some ecological and climate benefits of the QUL, especially in warm Mediterranean cities. An objective label that quantifies the alignment of urban public space with climate neutrality has numerous advantages, which are discussed in the article. In addition, it is a key tool for urban project planning, focused on reducing urban social inequalities and promoting a just energy transition of urban public space.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of Telosma Mosaic Virus (TelMV) and East Asian Passiflora Virus (EAPV) from Patchouli in China
Authors: Aziz Asma , Li Na , Wang Xiaoqing , Wang Linxi , Wu Yougen , Zeeshan Ul Haq Muhammad , Dai Zhaoji , Cui Hongguang
Published: November 2024

Patchouli is a valuable medicinal herb and cash crop in China, but viral infections cause significant yield losses. This study identified six viruses in patchouli transcriptome data, including the first-ever detection of East Asian Passiflora Virus (EAPV) in patchouli. RT-PCR validated three viruses from diseased patchouli plants in Haikou, China: telosma tosaic virus (TelMV), broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2), and pogostemom alphacytorhabdovirus 1 (PogACRV1_Pog). The complete genomic sequence of TelMV from patchouli (TelMV) was determined, revealing a 9691-nucleotide RNA genome encoding a 3083-amino-acid polyprotein. Comparative analysis showed 77.66% to 81.01% nucleotide sequence identity with previously reported TelMV isolates. TelMV was also shown to be infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana through sap rub-inoculation. Additionally, a large portion of the EAPV genome was reconstructed from RNA-seq data, with coat protein analysis confirming its identity. This study presents the first complete TelMV genome in patchouli and the first detection of EAPV in the plant.
Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Changes in CD8+ T Cells During Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Infant Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Nag Mukta , Fogle Jonathan E. , Pillay Santhoshan , Del Prete Gregory Q. , De Paris Kristina
Published: November 2024

Robust CD8+ T cell responses are critical for the control of HIV infection in both adults and children. Our understanding of the mechanisms driving these responses is based largely on studies of cells circulating in peripheral blood in adults, but the regulation of CD8+ T cell responses in tissue sites is poorly understood, particularly in pediatric infections. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription. Hypermethylated gene promoters are associated with transcriptional silencing and, conversely, hypomethylated promoters indicate gene activation. In this study, we evaluated DNA methylation signatures of CD8+ T cells isolated from several different anatomic compartments during pediatric AIDS-virus infection by utilizing the SIVmac239/251 infected infant rhesus macaque model. We performed a stepwise methylation analysis starting with total cellular DNA, to immunomodulatory cytokine promoters, to specific CpG sites within the cytokine promoters in CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and intestinal tissue during the chronic phase of infection. Tissue-specific methylation patterns were determined for transcriptionally active promoters of key immunomodulatory cytokines: interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this study, we observed tissue-specific differences in CD8+ T cell modulation by DNA methylation in SIV-infected infant macaques, highlighting the importance of evaluating cells from both blood and tissues to obtain a complete picture of CD8+ T cell regulation during pediatric HIV infection.