bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved explosion resistance of low cement refractory castables using drying agents
Authors: Peng Hong , Myhre Bjørn
Published: February 2022

Low cement castables (LCCs) containing different types of drying agents (polymer fibers and EMSIL‐DRY™) have been studied both in laboratory‐ and industrial‐scale. Our study shows that the type of drying agent has a profound impact on the flow/workability of the fresh castables and that EMSIL‐DRY™ ensures the best workability. The thermal behavior of 300 mm cubes (approximately 80 kg) was studied using a unique macro‐thermo‐balance (macro‐TGA). Compared to the polymer fibers, EMSIL‐DRY™ reduces the temperature level for maximum dewatering rate and will effectively help prevent explosions during heat‐up. The LCC with EMSIL‐DRY™ showed excellent explosion resistance, as demonstrated by the production of a perfect 400 kg block that was fired to 850°C at a rate of 75°C/h.
Filtrationstechnik als Schlüssel für Sicherheit und Qualität
Authors: Schaub Marius
Published: February 2022

Filtration und Separation gehören zu den wesentlichen Verfahren in der Prozessindustrie. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der Trenntechnik vermittelt die Filtech: Als wichtigste Plattform für die Filtration und Separation aller Arten von Medien bietet die Veranstaltung Besuchern eine Kombination aus Messe und Kongress. Im März 2022 findet die Filtech nach Corona‐bedingter Pause wieder statt.
“Einstufung und Partikelgröße von Titandioxid von Pulvermischungen mit Titandioxid auf die Betroffenheit durch die Einstufung von Titandioxidpulvern”
Authors: Beck Giuliana , Thüsing Anne
Published: February 2022

Seit den 1. Oktober 2021 ist sie verbindlich umzusetzen: die Einstufung von Titandioxid‐Pulvern in der CLP‐Verordnung als Krebsverdachtsstoff (Karzinogen, Kategorie 2). Der Einstufungseintrag ist komplex und stellt sowohl Hersteller als auch Verarbeiter von Titandioxid vor neue Herausforderungen.
PROTOCOL: Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health Related Behaviours (COHeRe): A suite of systematic reviews and an evidence and gap map
Authors: Hanratty Jennifer , Keenan Ciara , O'Connor Sean , Miller Sarah , Bradley Declan , Dempster Martin
Published: February 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: we intend to identify and synthesise the existing evidence (published and unpublished) on malleable psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to behaviours that can reduce the risk of infection or transmission of COVID‐19.
Magnetically Manipulable Ionic Liquid Crystals Incorporating Neutral Radicals
Authors: Uchida Yoshiaki , Sakaguchi Tatsunori , Oki Shigeaki , Shimono Satoshi , Park Jayeong , Sugiyama Masahito , Sato Shuichi , Zaytseva Elena , Mazhukin Dmitrii G. , Tamura Rui
Published: February 2022

Invited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Yoshiaki Uchida from Osaka University, Japan, Prof. Rui Tamura and Prof. Masahito Sugiyama from Kyoto University, Japan and Dr. Dmitrii G. Mazhukin from Novosibirsk State University, Russia. The cover picture depicts a contrast between localized spins and conductive ions in the newly‐synthesized ionic liquid crystalline (ILC) nitroxide radicals. The ILC droplet of the new compounds is magnetically manipulable. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Yoshiaki Uchida, Rui Tamura, and co‐workers.
Minding my brain: Fourteen neuroscience‐based principles to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness
Authors: Faustino Bruno
Published: February 2022

Intersections between psychotherapy and neurosciences are at its dawn. The quest to understand the neural underpinnings of psychological processes has led several generations of scientists to explore neural correlates between mind, brain and behaviour. Neuroscience methods and research have given psychology new perspectives and insights about the structure and function of complex neural pathways that underlie human functioning (cognition, emotion, motivation, somatic reactions and interpersonal behaviour). By translating neuroscientific findings into psychotherapeutic principles of change, it is possible to promote responsiveness towards brain dysfunction that underlies patients' psychological malfunctioning. In psychotherapy, responsiveness is a core aspect of the therapeutic change process, especially to adapt psychological interventions to patients' motivational stages and preferences, coping styles, neurobehavioural modes and emotional needs. Within a transtheoretical and translational approach, contemporary neuroscientific findings are revised, discussed and used to attempt to build on 14 theoretical brain‐based principles that may be applied to psychotherapy. Translating these empirical findings into practical principles, clinical strategies and tasks is expected to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness grounded on a science‐based knowledge of brain functioning.
The common‐sense model and mental illness outcomes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cannon Margeaux , Credé Marcus , Kimber Justin M. , Brunkow Alexandria , Nelson Rebecca , McAndrew Lisa M.
Published: February 2022

Psychotherapists can improve their patients' outcomes during and after therapy by improving patients' self‐management. Patients who do not effectively manage their mental illness generally have worse outcomes. Leventhal's Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation theorizes that patients' perceptions of their illness (illness representations) guide their self‐management, influencing health outcomes. The present study quantified the relations between illness representations, self‐management and outcomes for mental illnesses. We conducted a meta‐analysis and included articles if they reported (1) on adults with mental illnesses and (2) the correlation between mental illness representations and mental illness outcomes. Twenty‐five articles were included which represented 28 independent samples. The pattern of correlations among illness representations (identity, consequences, timeline, control, coherence and emotional representations), self‐management strategies (attendance, engagement and adherence to treatment) and mental illness outcomes (symptom severity and quality of life) was consistent with analyses from previous studies of mental and physical illnesses. The results found threat‐related illness representations mostly had a large relationship with worse mental illness outcomes and self‐management. Protective illness representations had a small‐to‐large relationship with better mental illness outcomes and self‐management. The results suggest patients' perceptions of their mental illness may be a critical indicator of their mental illness outcomes, including symptom severity and quality of life. This theory‐driven meta‐analysis supports calls for the inclusion of illness representations in psychotherapy for mental illness.
RiPCA: An Assay for the Detection of RNA‐Protein Interactions in Live Cells
Authors: Rosenblum Sydney L. , Garner Amanda L.
Published: February 2022

Increasing interest in studying and modulating the interactions between RNAs and their RNA‐binding proteins has indicated the need for enabling technologies. Existing means of detecting RNA‐protein interactions (RPIs) are often limited to biochemical or post‐lysis methods or cell‐based methods that require the addition of an RNA‐based affinity tag, such as the MS2 hairpin, precluding them from use in detecting small or highly processed RNAs. Taking advantage of bioorthogonal chemistry‐ and split‐luciferase‐based technologies, we developed an assay for the detection of RPIs in live cells. This article details the protocol and design considerations for RiPCA, or RNA interaction with Protein‐mediated Complementation Assay. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Expression of netrin and its receptors uncoordinated‐5 and frazzled in arthropods and onychophorans suggests conserved and diverged functions in neuronal pathfinding and synaptogenesis
Authors: Janssen Ralf , Budd Graham E.
Published: February 2022

Background

Development of the nervous system and the correct connection of nerve cells require coordinated axonal pathfinding through an extracellular matrix. Outgrowing axons exhibit directional growth toward or away from external guidance cues such as Netrin. Guidance cues can be detected by growth cones that are located at the end of growing axons through membrane‐bound receptors such as Uncoordianted‐5 and Frazzled. Binding of Netrin causes reformation of the cytoskeleton and growth of the axon toward (or away from) the source of Netrin production.

Results

Here, we investigate the embryonic mRNA expression patterns of netrin genes and their potential receptors, uncoordinated‐5 and frazzled in arthropod species that cover all main branches of Arthropoda, that is, Pancrustacea, Myriapoda, and Chelicerata. We also studied the expression patterns in a closely related outgroup species, the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis, and provide data on expression profiles of these genes in larval tissues of the fly Drosophila melanogaster including the brain and the imaginal disks.

Conclusion

Our data reveal conserved and diverged aspects of neuronal guidance in Drosophila with respect to the other investigated species and suggest a conserved function in nervous system patterning of the developing appendages.
Monitoring partially marked populations using camera and telemetry data
Authors: Margenau Lydia L. S. , Cherry Michael J. , Miller Karl V. , Garrison Elina P. , Chandler Richard B.
Published: February 2022

Long‐term monitoring is an important component of effective wildlife conservation. However, many methods for estimating density are too costly or difficult to implement over large spatial and temporal extents. Recently developed spatial mark–resight (SMR) models are increasingly being applied as a cost‐effective method to estimate density when data include detections of both marked and unmarked individuals. We developed a generalized SMR model that can accommodate long‐term camera data and auxiliary telemetry data for improved spatiotemporal inference in monitoring efforts. The model can be applied in two stages, with detection parameters estimated in the first stage using telemetry data and camera detections of instrumented individuals. Density is estimated in the second stage using camera data, with all individuals treated as unmarked. Serial correlation in detection and density parameters is accounted for using time‐series models. The two‐stage approach reduces computational demands and facilitates the application to large data sets from long‐term monitoring initiatives. We applied the model to 3 years (2015–2017) of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) data collected in three study areas of the Big Cypress Basin, Florida, USA. In total, 59 females marked with ear tags and fitted with GPS‐telemetry collars were detected along with unmarked females on 180 remote cameras. Most of the temporal variation in density was driven by seasonal fluctuations, but one study area exhibited a slight population decline during the monitoring period. Modern technologies such as camera traps provide novel possibilities for long‐term monitoring, but the resulting massive data sets, which are subject to unique sources of observation error, have posed analytical challenges. The two‐stage spatial mark–resight framework provides a solution with lower computational demands than joint SMR models, allowing for easier implementation in practice. In addition, after detection parameters have been estimated, the model may be used to estimate density even if no synchronous auxiliary information on marked individuals is available, which is often the case in long‐term monitoring.
Serum autotaxin as a novel prognostic marker in patients with non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Araki Takashi , Okumura Takahiro , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Mizutani Takashi , Kimura Yuki , Kazama Shingo , Shibata Naoki , Oishi Hideo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Kondo Toru , Morimoto Ryota , Takefuji Mikito , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: February 2022

Aims

Autotaxin (ATX) promotes myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and the subsequent cardiac remodelling through lysophosphatidic acid production. However, the prognostic impact of serum ATX in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) has not been clarified. We investigated the prognostic impact of serum ATX in patients with NIDCM.

Methods and results

We enrolled 104 patients with NIDCM (49.8 ± 13.4 years, 76 men). We divided the patients into two groups using different cutoffs of median serum ATX levels for men and women: high‐ATX group and low‐ATX group. Cardiac events were defined as a composite of cardiac death and heart failure resulting in hospitalization. Median ATX level was 203.5 ng/mL for men and 257.0 ng/mL for women. Brain natriuretic peptide levels [224.0 (59.6–689.5) pg/mL vs. 96.5 (40.8–191.5) pg/mL, P = 0.010] were higher in the high‐ATX group than low‐ATX group, whereas high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and collagen volume fraction levels in endomyocardial biopsy samples were not significantly different between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the event‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the high‐ATX group than low‐ATX group (log‐rank; P = 0.007). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that high‐ATX was an independent determinant of composite cardiac events. In both sexes, serum ATX levels did not correlate with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels and collagen volume fraction but had a weak correlation with brain natriuretic peptide levels (men; spearman's rank: 0.274, P = 0.017, women; spearman's rank: 0.378, P = 0.048).

Conclusion

High serum ATX levels can be associated with increasing adverse clinical outcomes in patients with NIDCM. These results indicate serum ATX may be a novel biomarker or therapeutic target in NIDCM.
Targeting Bcl6 in the TREX1 D18N murine model ameliorates autoimmunity by modulating T‐follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells
Authors: Venkatadri Rajkumar , Sabapathy Vikram , Dogan Murat , Mohammad Saleh , Harvey Scott E. , Simpson Sean R. , Grayson Jason M. , Yan Nan , Perrino Fred W. , Sharma Rahul
Published: February 2022

The Three Prime Repair EXonuclease I (TREX1) is critical for degrading post‐apoptosis DNA. Mice expressing catalytically inactive TREX1 (TREX1 D18N) develop lupus‐like autoimmunity due to chronic sensing of undegraded TREX1 DNA substrates, production of the inflammatory cytokines, and the inappropriate activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate Thelper (Th) dysregulation in the TREX1 D18N model system as a potential mechanism for lupus‐like autoimmunity. Comparison of immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) between TREX1 D18N mice and the TREX1 null mice revealed that the TREX1 D18N mice exhibit a Th1 bias. Additionally, the T‐follicular helper cells (Tfh) and the germinal celter (GC) B cells were also elevated in the TREX1 D18N mice. Targeting Bcl6, a lineage‐defining transcription factor for Tfh and GC B cells, with a commercially available Bcl6 inhibitor, FX1, attenuated Tfh, GC, and Th1 responses, and rescued TREX1 D18N mice from autoimmunity. The study presents Tfh and GC B‐cell responses as potential targets in autoimmunity and that Bcl6 inhibitors may offer therapeutic approach in TREX1‐associated or other lupus‐like diseases.
On the use of gender categories and emotion categories in threat‐based person impressions
Authors: Rees Heather R. , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Klauer Karl Christoph , Todd Andrew R.
Published: February 2022

People often form impressions of others in contexts where both relatively static demographic cues (e.g., age, race, gender) and situationally flexible, dynamic cues (e.g., emotion expressions) are available. We examined whether and how attending to gender (male, female) versus emotion expression (neutral, smiling) affects threat‐based person impressions. In three experiments, we heightened the salience of either gender categories or emotion categories in a sequential priming task. Category salience consistently moderated the use of both categories in threat impressions. The effect of gender (emotion) categories was stronger when attention was directed to gender (emotion) than when attention was directed to emotion (gender); however, category salience did not eliminate the use of either category. Implications for models of person construal and bias in person impressions are discussed.
Women who challenge or defend the status quo: Ingroup identities as predictors of progressive and reactionary collective action
Authors: Mikołajczak Gosia , Becker Julia C. , Iyer Aarti
Published: February 2022

Collective action (CA) research looking at gender has focused predominantly on feminist activism, overlooking activism of women who reinforce gender inequalities and traditional gender roles (such as women supporting men's rights or anti‐abortion protesters). Our research addresses this oversight, demonstrating the key role of identity content in predicting CA in support of progressive and reactionary social change among women. Using two large online samples of women from the US (Study 1: N = 1825) and the UK (Study 2: N = 992), we show that identification with ‘women’ is either weakly associated or unrelated to progressive and reactionary CA and is thus too broad to differentiate between support for CA with opposing goals. In contrast, subgroup identities matter: feminist identification is associated with support for progressive CA, while identification with traditional women is associated with support for reactionary CA. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on CA and gender inequalities.
Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Mebendazole and Levamisole Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Human Plasma
Authors: El‐Eryan Rasha Th. , Toubar Safaa S. , Ashour Azza A. , Elshahed Mona S.
Published: February 2022

A new, simple and highly sensitive electrochemical method based on zirconium oxide nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (2 % ZrO2/CPE) was used for simultaneous determination of anthelmintics drugs Mebendazole (MB) and Levamisole HCl (LV) in drug substance, dosage form and human plasma. Differential pulse (DPV) and square wave (SWV) voltammetric analysis were applied in Britton Robinson buffer (pH 6; 0.04 M) after optimization of different analytical parameters. The studied drugs were measured simultaneously at very low concentration of analytes resulting in two well‐separated peaks. The detection limits were found to be 0.01 and 0.62 μM for MB and LV, respectively, using DPV and 0.01 and 0.42 μM for MB and LV, respectively using SWV.
Hierarchical three dimensional polyaniline/N‐doped graphene nanocomposite hydrogel for energy storage applications
Authors: Sardana Silki , Aggarwal Kanika , Siwach Priya , Gaba Latisha , Maan A. S. , Singh Kuldeep , Ohlan Anil
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of portable, lightweight, and flexible electronics, the requirement for advanced energy storage systems has arisen that need to be flexible and cost‐effective with higher power/energy densities. In this context, a two‐step approach has been adopted to develop a binder‐free and flexible supercapacitor electrode on carbon cloth based on hierarchical three dimensional (3D) conducting polymer hydrogels. Firstly, nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGN) was synthesized using urea as a reducing as well as a doping agent. Subsequently, polyaniline (PAni) hydrogel has been grown on NGN nanosheets via insitu oxidative polymerization in the vicinity of carbon cloth and further utilized as an electrode for electrochemical measurements. Here, phytic acid was used as a gelatinizer and as a dopant resulting in the formation of a cross‐linked hydrogel structure. The direct deposition of PAni/NGN nanocomposite on carbon cloth strengthens the juncture involving the carbon cloth and electrode material, resulting in enhanced electron transmission. The 3D hydrogel architecture ascertains robust contact between electrolyte and electrode for an efficient charge storage system. For a two‐electrode symmetric arrangement, at 1 A/g, PAni/NGN nanocomposite hydrogel displayed a maximum specific capacitance of 808.7 F/g due to the pseudocapacitive reaction on/near the accessible surface area, as well as an outstanding rate capability and cyclic performance due to electric double layer capacitance (EDLC). The supercapacitor cell delivered maximum specific power and specific energy value of 0.44 kW/kg and 13.63 Wh/kg, respectively. Thus, the composite hydrogel has the benefit of being able to be utilized directly as binder‐free supercapacitor electrodes, leading to viable choice for high‐performance and cost‐effective energy storage devices.
Mercury and Radiocesium Accumulation and Associations With Sublethal Endpoints in the Florida Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana)
Authors: Brown Marty Kyle , Haskins David Lee , Russell Amelia L. , Lambert Michaela L. , Quick Caleigh E. , Pilgrim Melissa A. , Tuberville Tracey D.
Published: February 2022

Mercury (Hg) and radiocesium (137Cs) are well-known environmental contaminants with the potential to impact the health of humans and wildlife. Snakes have several characteristics conducive to studying environmental contamination but have rarely been included in the monitoring of polluted sites. We investigated the bioaccumulation of Hg and 137Cs and associations with sublethal effects (standard metabolic rate [SMR] and hemoparasite infections) in Florida green watersnakes (Nerodia floridana). We captured 78 snakes from three former nuclear cooling reservoirs on the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina (USA). For captured snakes, we (1) determined whole-body 137Cs, (2) quantified total Hg (THg) using snake tail clips, (3) conducted hemoparasite counts, and (4) measured the SMR. We used multiple regression models to determine associations among snake body size, capture location, sex, tail THg, whole-body 137Cs, Hepatozoon spp. prevalence and parasitemia, and SMR. Average whole-body 137Cs (0.23 ± 0.08 Becquerels [Bq]/g; range: 0.00–1.02 Bq/g) was correlated with snake body size and differed significantly by capture site (Pond B: 0.67 ± 0.05 Bq/g; Par Pond: 0.10 ± 0.02 Bq/g; Pond 2: 0.03 ± 0.02 Bq/g). Tail THg (0.33 ± 0.03 mg/kg dry wt; range: 0.16–2.10 mg/kg) was significantly correlated with snake body size but did not differ by capture site. We found no clear relationship between SMR and contaminant burdens. However, models indicated that the prevalence of Hepatozoon spp. in snakes was inversely related to increasing whole-body 137Cs burdens. Our results indicate the bioaccumulation of Hg and 137Cs in N. floridana and further demonstrate the utility of aquatic snakes as bioindicators. Our results also suggest a decrease in Hepatozoon spp. prevalence related to increased burdens of 137Cs. Although the results are intriguing, further research is needed to understand the dynamics between 137Cs and Hepatozoon spp. infections in semiaquatic snakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:758–770. © 2022 SETAC
Sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir in adolescents 12 to 17 years old with HCV infection
Authors: Indolfi Guiseppe , Kelly Deirdre , Nebbia Gabriella , Iorio Raffaele , Mania Anna , Giacomet Vania , Szenborn Leszek , Shao Jiang , Sang Yue Mun , Hsueh Chia‐Hsiang , Parhy Bandita , Kersey Kathryn , Mangia Alessandra , Pawlowska Malgorzata , Bansal Sanjay
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims

Sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir is a pangenotypic regimen for chronic HCV infection. In the USA and Europe, sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir once daily for 12 weeks is indicated for adults who previously received an HCV NS5A inhibitor. In Europe, sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir is also indicated in the absence of prior HCV direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy as an 8‐week or 12‐week regimen. In an open‐label study, we evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir in adolescents 12 to 17 years with chronic HCV of any genotype.

Methods

In this Phase 2, multicenter study, sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir 400/100/100 mg daily was administered to adolescents for 8 weeks if DAA‐naïve or for 12 weeks for cirrhosis or prior DAA failure. The key efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was done in 14 patients at week 2 or 4, and samples for population pharmacokinetics were collected in all patients.

Results

All patients (n = 21) were naïve to HCV DAAs, and none had cirrhosis. HCV genotype 3a infection was most common, occurring in 43% of patients. Overall, 100% of patients (21 of 21) reached SVR12. The most common adverse events were abdominal pain and headache (24% each) and nausea (19%); no adverse events led to discontinuation. The only serious adverse event, hypotension, was considered related to study drug and resolved the same day without interruption of treatment. Sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir exposures were similar to those observed in adults.

Conclusions

The pangenotypic regimen of sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir‐voxilaprevir is highly efficacious and well‐tolerated in treating chronic HCV infection in adolescents.
Scrutinization of thermodynamic second law for the steady flow of couple stress nanofluid in an inclined microchannel by varying thermal conductivity
Authors: Manthesha  , Gireesha B. J. , Almeida Felicita , Patil Mallikarjun B.
Published: February 2022

This study comprises the flow of Ti6Al4N nanoparticle alloy allowed to flow within the microchannel kept at a certain angle. Engine oil is the base fluid in which nanodimensional particles are immersed. The flow is caused by the influence of linear and exponential heat sources. The microchannel is a permeable media with the suction/injection at the microchannel extremes. During the flow, the impact of the microstructure of these particles is concerned, thus reporting the rotational interaction amidst the particles. The obtained nonlinear equations are solved using the effective numerical method, namely, finite difference code improved by using the Lobatto IIIA formula and the findings are discussed using the graphs. The results attained claim that linear and exponential space‐dependent heat source parameter has augmented the thermal profile. Also, consideration of the couple stress of the fluid is known to retard the flow.
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, family care plans and infants with prenatal substance exposure: Theoretical framework and directions for future research
Authors: Lloyd Sieger Margaret H. , Nichols Cynthia , Chasnoff Ira J.
Published: February 2022

In May 2021, a reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was introduced in the U.S. Senate. This reauthorization substantially amends provisions concerning infants affected by prenatal substance exposure (PSE) and decidedly shifts the policy from a child safety‐ to a public health‐focused approach to achieve the larger goals of healthy and safe child development and caregiver recovery from substance use disorder. Despite its honourable aspirations, no research has tested whether CAPTA “works.” To advance scholarship on this policy, we summarize the service needs for this population and clarify how the CAPTA reauthorization aims to address these needs. We then apply a health utilization theory to understanding the mechanisms of effect on maternal‐child outcomes. Based on this theoretical analysis, we discuss directions for future research.
A Meta‐Model for integrating Human Factors into System Engineering
Authors: Amokrane‐Ferka Kahina , Hein Andreas M.
Published: February 2022

With the emergence of autonomous systems, it is no longer sufficient to only consider the interactions between humans and systems but to assign roles and allocate functions to both. Systems engineering methods, which aim for designing such systems need to take this paradigm shift into account. Domains such as human system integration aim to work towards this objective from a systems engineering perspective. However, one shortcoming of existing systems engineering approaches is that they do not explicitly take the human aspect into account. The objective of this paper is to formalize this relationship at the level of modeling languages by integrating elements from ergonomics modeling languages into SysML/UML, a systems modeling language in widespread use. We conclude that integrating human factors into SysML/UML significantly extends the expressivity regarding ergonomic concepts for designing autonomous systems which collaborate with humans.
Evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled BSA@CuS nanoparticle‐induced radio‐photothermal therapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Chai Jinyan , Jia Qiang , Tan Jian , Meng Zhaowei , Li Ning , Yuan Menghui
Published: February 2022

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been employed as a mild biological template in nanoscale particles. Copper sulfide (CuS) has been used for photothermal therapy (PTT) in several studies. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the 131I‐labeled BSA‐modified CuS nanoparticles (131I‐BSA@CuS), with attributes of both radiotherapy and PTT, as a therapeutic agent against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). BSA@CuS nanoparticles were prepared using the solvothermal reaction and then labeled with Na131I by the chloramine‐T method. The products were characterized and their cytotoxicity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of 131I‐BSA@CuS was evaluated in ARO cell (an ATC cell line) subcutaneous tumors. The nanoparticles showed good biocompatibility and low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. BSA@CuS rapidly and effectively converted the light energy from an 808 nm laser into thermal energy with a conversion efficiency of 28.07%. SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated that the accumulation of radioactivity peaked within 24 hr and resided in the tumors for 5 days post intratumoral injection. In vivo assays indicated that, compared to monotherapy, the synthesized nanoparticles employing both PTT and radiotherapy possess better therapeutic efficacy against tumors. The synthesized nanomaterial showed uniform dispersion, good stability and aqueous solubility, excellent photothermal properties, and long‐term retention in ATC. Hence, combined radiotherapy and PTT can significantly inhibit tumor growth compared to monotherapy, and can be applied in clinical settings.
Vitamin D Analogues and Fracture Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Khelifi Nada , Desbiens Louis‐Charles , Sidibé Aboubacar , Mac‐Way Fabrice
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) are commonly prescribed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their protective effects on bone remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of VDRAs on fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in adult patients with CKD. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to June 19, 2021. We included RCTs comparing VDRAs, to placebo or another medication, in adults with CKD requiring or not dialysis. Conference abstracts and trials involving kidney transplant recipients and/or comparing VDRAs to antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapy were excluded. Primary outcome was fracture at any anatomical site. Secondary outcomes were BMD at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and/or total hip. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline demographics, overall risk of bias, and follow‐up time. From 6868 references retrieved, eight RCTs were eligible: five reported fracture, two reported BMD, and one reported both outcomes. As comparator, one study used no VDRAs, one used nutritional intervention and no medication, and six used placebo. In meta‐analysis, VDRAs were not associated with a significant reduction in total fractures in overall (risk ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.65, I2 = 0%, six trials, 1507 participants, 27 fractures) or in prespecified subgroup analyses. Three trials reported BMD at different sites and with different BMD measurements; thus, a meta‐analysis could not be performed. Two RCTs were at high risk of bias, notably because of deviations from the intended interventions. As limitation, we have to mention the low total number of fractures included in our meta‐analysis. In conclusion, current evidence from RCTs is insufficient to associate VDRAs with bone protection in CKD. Further large and long‐term studies specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of VDRAs on bone outcomes are thus required. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Tax design and rent sharing in mining sector: Evidence from African gold‐producing countries
Authors: Laporte Bertrand , de Quatrebarbes Celine , Bouterige Yannick
Published: February 2022

Based on the innovative database, we use a discounted cash flow model to study the rent sharing and the mining tax design in African gold‐producing countries. Two main tax designs emerge: those that favourproduction‐based taxesin order to secure government's revenues and those that favourprofit‐based taxesto support economic efficiency. From the estimation of a panel model regression, we show that tax design depends essentially on the evolution of world prices and not on institutional variables. The recent ‘innovations’ in mining taxation to introduce more progressivity have had mitigated results. In the best of cases, the regressivity of tax regimes has been reduced.
Biomolecules‐releasing click chemistry‐based bioadhesives for repairing acetabular labrum tears
Authors: Li Shuxin , Co Cynthia M. , Izuagbe Samira , Hong Yi , Liao Jun , Borrelli Joseph , Tang Liping
Published: February 2022

Currently, there are no effective clinical or experimental treatments to fully restore the function of the torn acetabular labrum. To fill the gap, here, we report the finding of progenitor cells in labral tissue, which can be recruited and stimulated to repair torn acetabular labral tissue. This study aimed to develop a biomolecule releasing bioadhesive which can speed up labral tissue healing by eliciting autologous labral progenitor cellular responses. A click chemistry‐based bioadhesive, capable of releasing biomolecules, was synthesized to exert ~3× adhesion strength compared with fibrin glue. Via the release of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), the adhesive was shown to actively recruit and stimulate the proliferation of labral progenitor cells to the tear sites and within the adhesive. Finally, the ability of this biomolecules‐releasing adhesive designed to promote labral tissue regeneration was evaluated using discarded human acetabular labrum tissue compared with surgical suture ex vivo. Histological analysis shows that PDGF‐releasing bioadhesive yielded significantly more labrum cell responses and extracellular matrix protein (proteoglycan and collagen) production at the tear tissue site than surgical suture controls. The results confirm that the new PDGF‐releasing bioadhesive can activate the responses of autologous labral progenitor cells to significantly improve labral tissue regeneration. Clinical significance: These PDGF‐releasing bioadhesives may serve as a new and effective tool for repairing and regenerating acetabular labrum tears.
Changes in the Sphenoid Bone Encountered During the Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach
Authors: Jeong Chang Yeong , Hong Yong‐Kil , Jeun Sin‐Soo , Park Jae‐Sung , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin , Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We estimated volume changes in the posterior bony wall of the sphenoid sinus, as well as alterations in nasal function (including olfactory function and subjective symptoms), after sphenoid mucosal repositioning using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETSA).

Methods

During 2010 and 2021, 13 patients underwent sphenoid mucosal repositioning during EETSA, while 24 patients (the control group) did not. Pre‐ and postoperative paranasal sinus computed tomography and the Mimics program were used to evaluate three‐dimensional changes in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. All patients underwent the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test, the Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT), Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE), the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐20 (SNOT‐20), and visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation.

Results

The increase in the volume of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus after surgery was objectively smaller in the sphenoid mucosal repositioning group than in the control group (P = .046). However, this did not affect olfactory function (as revealed by the CCCRC test or the CCSIT) or subjective symptoms (as revealed by the NOSE, SNOT‐20, and VAS scores) (all P > .05).

Conclusion

Surgical closure via sphenoid mucosal repositioning during EETSA reduces the volume of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and facilitates re‐operation. We suggest that sphenoid mucosal repositioning is appropriate during EETSA.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:965–972, 2022
Structure and putative function of a soil microbial community impacted by the deposition of tailings and subsequent revegetation after the rupture of the Fundao Dam
Authors: Lima Helena Santiago , Cavalcante João Paulo Campos Moura , Silva Lívia Carneiro Fidélis , da Silva Marliane de Cássia Soares , de Paula Sérgio Oliveira , Kasuya Maria Catarina Megumi , da Silva Cynthia Canêdo
Published: February 2022

The rupture of the Fundão Dam containing iron‐rich mining tailings, in 2015, was one of the worst environmental disasters in Brazil. The deposition of tailings has generated serious impacts on the soil and, as microorganisms play an important role in these environments, the recovery of the microbial community is a critical step in restoring the soil for sustainable use. Soil microorganisms and their activities are recognized as sensitive bioindicators for environmental changes; however, few experiments have been conducted to investigate the response of the microbial community to the magnitude of the impact caused by the Fundão Dam rupture and the effect of the use of revegetation natural or induced for ecosystem recovery, especially in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of community structure and putative functions, over time, in response to the deposition of the tailings on the soil by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. We evaluated an area affected by tailings, covered with natural and induced revegetation. The results revealed a temporal dynamic of the soil microbiota, which demonstrates that the microbial community structure of these areas differed, mainly in less abundant taxa, and the induced revegetation area was closer to the forest than natural revegetation. These results reveal the importance of implementing revegetation programs to accelerate the initial recovery. Functions related to the use of alternative electron acceptors differed, possibly due to the greater compaction of the affected soil. Despite the improvement of the impacted areas over time, the strong effect of tailings deposition on the bacterial community structure can still be noticed.
Deeper by the Dozen: Diving into a Database of 17,675 Depths for U.S. Lakes and Reservoirs
Authors: Webster Katherine E. , McCullough Ian M. , Soranno Patricia A.
Published: February 2022

Depth is a fundamental property of lakes, essential for understanding and quantifying a range of biological, chemical, and physical processes of individual lakes as well as the collective functioning of the millions of lakes across the globe. Despite this importance, lake depth is rarely available for large numbers of lakes across the broad scales of regions and continents. We describe a new open‐access dataset, LAGOS‐US DEPTH, which contains 17,675 maximum depths and 6,137 mean depths for lakes in the conterminous United States. These data represent one of the largest compilations of lake depths in the world and are connected to other data products through the LAGOS‐US research platform. Here, we describe characteristics of lake maximum depth across the conterminous United States and identify gaps in data coverage that we encourage other researchers to fill by linking their own depth datasets for lakes within the LAGOS‐US spatial footprint. Extending this open‐access effort to include other regions and countries across the globe to build a more comprehensive and representative database of lake depth would better position scientists to quantify and articulate the critical roles that lakes play globally in biogeochemical cycling, maintaining biodiversity, and in maintaining the many ecosystem services that lakes provide.
Improvement of field fluorometry estimates of chlorophyll a concentration in a cyanobacteria‐rich eutrophic lake
Authors: Chegoonian Amir M. , Zolfaghari Kiana , Leavitt Peter R. , Baulch Helen M. , Duguay Claude R.
Published: February 2022

Instrumented buoys are used to monitor water quality, yet there remains a need to evaluate whether in vivo fluorometric measures of chlorophyll a (Chl a) produce accurate estimates of phytoplankton abundance. Here, 6 years (2014–2019) of in vitro measurements of Chl a by spectrophotometry were compared with coeval estimates from buoy‐based fluorescence measurements in eutrophic Buffalo Pound Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Analysis revealed that fluorometric and in vitro estimates of Chl a differed both in terms of absolute concentration and patterns of relative change through time. Three models were developed to improve agreement between metrics of Chl a concentration, including two based on Chl a and phycocyanin (PC) fluorescence and one based on multiple linear regressions with measured environmental conditions. All models were examined in terms of two performance metrics; accuracy (lowest error) and reliability (% fit within confidence intervals). The model based on PC fluorescence was most accurate (error = 35%), whereas that using environmental factors was most reliable (89% within 3σ of mean). Models were also evaluated on their ability to produce spatial maps of Chl a using remotely sensed imagery. Here, newly developed models significantly improved system performance with a 30% decrease in Chl a errors and a twofold increase in the range of reconstructed Chl a values. Superiority of the PC model likely reflected high cyanobacterial abundance, as well as the excitation–emission wavelength configuration of fluorometers. Our findings suggest that a PC fluorometer, used alone or in combination with environmental measurements, performs better than a single‐excitation‐band Chl a fluorometer in estimating Chl a content in highly eutrophic waters.
Freeform Fabrication of Pneumatic Soft Robots via Multi‐Material Jointed Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Boyu , Cui Weicheng , Zhou Nanjia
Published: February 2022

Pneumatically actuated soft robots have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their non‐linear structures for performing biomimetic motions to enhance human‐machine interactions. However, manufacturing soft robots, especially those featuring complex 3D structures, still faces significant challenges as traditional lithography‐based micro/nanofabrication technologies have some limitations, such as limited material choices and layer‐by‐layer architectures. In this work, a facile multi‐material jointed direct ink writing (MJDIW) printing method is introduced. In comparing with the traditional micro/nanofabrication and other additive manufacturing methods, the method enables truly freeform 3D printing to fabricate entirely soft actuators and robots with complex 3D structures, while integrating materials with different mechanical characteristics to expand the manufacturing capabilities of additive manufacturing methods. The material properties and printing parameters, and conducted finite element analysis (FEA) is systematically investigated to provide the general design guidelines through simulating actuator motions. Several actuators such as linear elongation and bending actuators are manufactured either by employing a single material or multiple materials with different mechanical properties. Finally, a multi‐directional soft manipulator with complex internal channels is printed using different materials to illustrate the versatility of the printing methods.
Dynamic Covalent Bond Cross‐Linked Luminescent Silicone Elastomer with Self‐Healing and Recyclable Properties
Authors: Wang Ning , Feng Lei , Xu Xing‐Dong , Feng Shengyu
Published: February 2022

Two aldehyde‐modified tetraphenylene derivatives with different functionality are synthesized and exhibit different fluorescence properties. By incorporating tetraphenylene derivatives into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks, two elastomers are prepared through dynamic covalent cross‐linking. The elastomers show excellent fluorescence properties, mechanical properties, thermal stability as well as self‐healing and recycle properties. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the elastomers are influenced by the functionality of the tetraphenylene derivatives and the molecular weight of the PDMS. The self‐healing process takes place quickly and the recycling process can be carried out by solution processing and hot pressing. It shows the similar tensile properties between the pristine and healed samples.
Association of stone surgery with patient‐reported complications after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kasabwala Khushabu , Borofsky Michael , Grove Shawn , Lenherr Sara M. , Myers Jeremy B. , Stoffel John T. , Welk Blayne , Elliott Sean P.
Published: February 2022

Aims

To determine if a history of urinary stone surgery in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an increased incidence of SCI‐related complications and lower quality of life (QOL).

Methods

The Neurogenic Bladder Research Group (NBRG) registry is a multicenter, prospective, observational study which measures QOL after acquired SCI. Over 1.5 years, 1479 participants were enrolled and grouped according to history of stone surgery. We evaluated SCI‐related complications, QOL, and associations between patient factors and prior stone surgery using multivariable regression.

Results

Participants were a median of 11 years post‐SCI and 189 (12.8%) reported prior bladder or kidney stone surgery; 95.8% of these occurred after the SCI. Median time between SCI and first stone was 5.6 years (IQR: 1.8–12.8). Hospitalizations were higher for those with prior stone surgery, with common reasons including UTIs, blood clots, pressure ulcers, and pneumonia (p < 0.001). During the year of observation, the incidence of stone surgery was 17% in those with a prior history of stone surgery and 2% per year in those without prior stone surgery (p < 0.001). Controlling for covariates, bladder management strategy, age, BMI, and years since SCI were associated with history of stone surgery.

Conclusions

People with SCI and a history of surgical stone disease are at high risk for episodes of recurrent stones and increased hospitalizations, particularly those with kidney stones and indwelling catheter use. Identification of high‐risk patients may guide tailored surveillance for complications and stone prevention strategies.