bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Green Consumption Value Affects Green Consumer Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Consumer Attitudes Towards Sustainable Food Logistics Practices
Authors: Alagarsamy Subburaj , Mehrolia Sangeeta , Mathew Sonia
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to identify the green consumption values and production patterns and understand how they impact consumer behaviour and purchase intention of green consumers, in particular, the environment-conscious youth in the city of Bangalore. The focus of the study is on the pre-purchase sustainable logistics of food products and how they impact behaviour and attitudes of green consumers. The theory of planned behaviour and social cognitive theory form the theoretical base for the current research. An online survey was conducted among 284 participants in and around the scope area. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that green consumption values and consumer attitudes towards sustainable food logistics either directly or indirectly influence green purchase intention and environmentally conscious behaviour towards food products. The main contribution of this study is the identification of new multidimensional constructs which can be used to measure green consumer attitude in terms of sustainable food logistics practices in the Indian context. These findings will empower managers and future researchers to understand how sustainable food logistics practices can create green consumer attitudes. They will also assist food production companies to identify possible opportunities, developments and other benefits they can derive from following sustainable food logistics practices.
Book review: Sreeram Chaulia, Trumped: Emerging Powers in a Post-American World
Authors: Banerjee Stuti
Published: January 2021

Sreeram Chaulia, Trumped: Emerging Powers in a Post-American World, New Delhi: Bloomsbury India, 2019, pp. 256, ₹799 (Hard Cover). ISBN 978-93891-6592-0.
The culture of non-disclosure and miscarriages of justice
Authors: Ruyters Michele , Stratton Gregory , Bartle Jarryd
Published: January 2021

This article considers key non-disclosure cases in the United Kingdom and Australia and the potential for prosecution disclosure failings to lead to miscarriages of justice. The authors discuss disclosure obligations in the context of the police–prosecution relationship and aspects of police culture that may facilitate practices of non-disclosure. They note that cultures of non-disclosure can place unfair practical burdens on the defence to ensure that disclosure duties are met by the prosecution. The authors call for cultural reforms prioritising disclosure as justice rather than process.
A smart passive MR damper with a hybrid powering system for impact mitigation: An experimental study
Authors: Jin S. , Deng L. , Yang J. , Sun S. , Ning D. , Li Z. , Du H. , Li W. H.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a smart passive MR damper with fast-responsive characteristics for impact mitigation. The hybrid powering system of the MR damper, composed of batteries and self-powering component, enables the damping of the MR damper to be negatively proportional to the impact velocity, which is called rate-dependent softening effect. This effect can keep the damping force as the maximum allowable constant force under different impact speed and thus improve the efficiency of the shock energy mitigation. The structure, prototype and working principle of the new MR damper are presented firstly. Then a vibration platform was used to characterize the dynamic property and the self-powering capability of the new MR damper. The impact mitigation performance of the new MR damper was evaluated using a drop hammer and compared with a passive damper. The comparison results demonstrate that the damping force generated by the new MR damper can be constant over a large range of impact velocity while the passive damper cannot. The special characteristics of the new MR damper can improve its energy dissipation efficiency over a wide range of impact speed and keep occupants and mechanical structures safe.
Negative Gossip Decreases Targets’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Decreasing Social Inclusion. A Multi-Method Approach
Authors: Martinescu Elena , Jansen Wiebren , Beersma Bianca
Published: January 2021

Ample experimental evidence shows that negative gossip fosters cooperation in groups by increasing individuals’ reputational concerns. However, recent field studies showed that negative gossip decreases organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among its targets (i.e., people whom gossip is about). Bridging these findings, we study the role of social inclusion in explaining how negative gossip affects targets’ engagement in OCB. Based on social exchange theory, we predict that targets of negative gossip experience low social inclusion. In turn, we propose that low social inclusion leads to low OCB of gossip targets. Results of three studies, a correlational study ( N = 563), a laboratory experiment ( N = 85), and an online scenario experiment ( N = 597), showed that being the target of negative gossip reduced social inclusion and indirectly decreased OCBs. Our multi-method approach bridges findings from research conducted in organizations and in laboratory experiments and offers a more nuanced understanding of the effects of negative gossip on targets’ behavior. We show that due to its detrimental effect on targets’ social inclusion, negative gossip may not be as effective for enabling sustainable cooperation as experimental studies claim it to be.
What does the concept of affordances afford?
Authors: Withagen Rob , Costall Alan
Published: January 2021

Gibson once suggested that his ecological approach could provide architecture and design with a new theoretical basis. Erik Rietveld takes up this suggestion—the concept of affordances figures prominently not only in his philosophical and scientific work but also in the design practices he is engaged in. However, as Gibson introduced affordances as a functional concept, it seems ill-suited to capture the many dimensions of our lived experience of the (manufactured) environment. Can the concept of affordances also take on the expressive and aesthetic qualities of artifacts and buildings?
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Early-Onset Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Shi Min , Zhou Biao
Published: January 2021

Background:

The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients under 50 years old.

Methods:

Patients with PNETs recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015 were analyzed. The clinical characteristics were analyzed by Chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to determine independent prognostic factors.

Results:

2,303 patients included, of which 547 (23.8%) patients were younger than 50 years old. The number of younger patients has increased steadily, while the proportion in total PNETs decreased recently. Compared with older group, the proportion of the Black, grade I/II, and surgery were higher in early-onset PNETs. Liver was the most frequent metastatic site. There was no significant difference in the incidence of different metastatic sites between younger and older PNETs patients, while younger patients had better OS (P < 0.05). Grade, N stage, M stage, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS in early-onset PNETs.

Conclusions:

Younger patients have unique clinicopathological characteristics compared with older patients in PNETs. Better OS was observed in younger patients which might due to the higher proportion of well-differentiated tumor and surgery than older patients.
Charting Change in the City: Urban Political Orders and Urban Political Development
Authors: Weaver Timothy P. R.
Published: January 2021

Cities matter. They are often the sites in which the helping hand and the clenched fist of the state makes first contact with the citizen. They are engines of national economic growth and, often, the source of political movements that become national and transnational in scope. Yet, the theoretical tools available to study change at the urban level are limited. This article seeks to address this shortcoming by offering a new account of urban political development. I argue that urban political development is driven by the impact of multiple political orders. My aim is to highlight three apparently contradictory patterns of urban political development: the imposition of urban austerity measures, the rise of the urban carceral state, and the emergence of progressive economic policymaking, such as local minimum wage ordinances. I suggest that these shifts reflect underlying operation and competition among neoliberal, conservative and egalitarian political orders respectively.
Potential Soil Loss Estimation and Erosion-Prone Area Prioritization Using RUSLE, GIS, and Remote Sensing in Chereti Watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Negese Ajanaw , Fekadu Endalkachew , Getnet Haile
Published: January 2021

Soil erosion by water is the major form of land degradation in Chereti watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia. This problem is exacerbated by high rainfall after a long period of dry seasons, undulating topography, intensive cultivation, and lack of proper soil and water conservation measures. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the 23 years (1995-2018) average soil erosion rate of the watershed and to identify and prioritize erosion-vulnerable subwatersheds for conservation planning. The integration of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), geographic information system, and remote sensing was applied to estimate the long-term soil loss of the watershed. The RUSLE factors such as rainfall erosivity ( R), soil erodibility ( K), topography ( LS), cover and management ( C), and support and conservation practices ( P) factors were computed and overlayed to estimate the soil loss. The result showed that the annual soil loss rate of the watershed ranged up to 187.47 t ha−1 year−1 in steep slope areas with a mean annual soil loss of 38.7 t ha−1 year−1, and the entire watershed lost a total of about 487 057.7 tons of soil annually. About 57.9% of the annual watershed soil loss was generated from 5 subwatersheds which need prior intervention for the planning and implementation of soil conservation measures. The integrated use of RUSLE with GIS and remote sensing was found to be indispensable, less costly, and effective for the estimation of soil erosion, and prioritization of vulnerable subwatersheds for conservation planning.
Factors contributing to veterans’ satisfaction with PTSD treatment delivered in person compared to telehealth
Authors: White C Nicole , Kauffman Brooke Y , Acierno Ron
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Telehealth is an increasingly popular treatment delivery modality for mental healthcare, including evidence-based treatment for complex and intense psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the growing telehealth literature, there is a need for more confirmatory research on satisfaction with PTSD telehealth treatment, particularly among veterans, for whom the most rapid and permanent expansion of telehealth services has been implemented through the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Methods

The current paper integrates data from two concurrent PTSD treatment outcome studies that compared prolonged exposure therapy delivered both in person and via telehealth for veterans ( N = 140). Using two different measures of satisfaction (the Charleston Psychiatric Outpatient Satisfaction Scale-Veteran Affairs Version (CPOSS) and the Service Delivery Perception Questionnaire (SDPQ)), we hypothesized that PTSD improvement would predict satisfaction, but that delivery modality (in person vs telehealth) would not.

Results

Results only partially supported the hypotheses, in that PTSD symptom improvement was associated with greater satisfaction, and in-person treatment modality was associated with satisfaction as measured by the CPOSS (but not the SDPQ). Subgroup differences by sex were found, such that male veterans, typically with combat-related trauma, were more satisfied with their PTSD treatment compared to female veterans, who were most frequently seen in this study for military sexual trauma.

Discussion

Altogether, results illustrate a need for additional satisfaction studies with diverse samples and large sample sizes. Future research may benefit from examining satisfaction throughout treatment, identifying predictors of greater PTSD improvement, and further examining demographic subgroups.
Clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images for the asynchronous assessment of middle-ear disease
Authors: Alenezi Eman MA , Jajko Kathryn , Reid Allison , Locatelli-Smith Alessandra , McMahen Courtney SE , Tao Karina FM , Marsh Julie , Bright Tess , Richmond Peter C , Eikelboom Robert H , Brennan-Jones Christopher G
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Video otoscopy plays an important role in improving access to ear health services. This study investigated the clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images, and compared their suitability for asynchronous diagnosis of middle-ear disease.

Methods

Two hundred and eighty video otoscopy image–recording pairs were collected from 150 children (aged six months to 15 years) by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, audiologists, and trained research assistants, and independently rated by an audiologist and ENT surgeon. On a five-point scale, clinicians rated the cerumen amount, field of view, quality, focus, light, and gave an overall rating, and asked whether they could make an accurate diagnosis for both still images and recordings.

Results

More video otoscopy recordings were rated as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ compared to still images across all domains. The mean difference between the two otoscopic procedures ratings was significant across almost all domains ( p < 0.05), except ‘cerumen amount’. The suitability to make a diagnosis significantly improved when using recordings (p<0.05). Younger participant age was found to have a significant, negative impact on the ratings across all domains ( p < 0.03). The role of the tester conducting video otoscopy did not have a significant impact on the ratings.

Discussion

Video otoscopy recordings were found to provide clearer views of the tympanic membrane and increase the ability to make diagnoses, compared to still images, for both audiologists and ENT surgeons. Research assistants with limited practice were able to obtain video otoscopy images and recordings that were comparable to the ones obtained by clinicians.
Association of peripheral artery disease and chronic limb-threatening ischemia with socioeconomic deprivation in people with diabetes: A population data-linkage and geospatial analysis
Authors: Hurst Joanne E , Tehan Peta Ellen , Hussey Keith , Woodburn James
Published: January 2021

The association between the prevalence and geographical distribution of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in patients with diabetes in the context of socioeconomic deprivation is not well understood. We undertook a retrospective cohort study of 76,307 people with diabetes admitted as a hospital inpatient in a large Scottish health administrative area. Utilising linked health records, we identified diagnoses of PAD and/or CLTI and their distribution using small area cartography techniques according to multiple deprivation maps. Spatial autocorrelation techniques were applied to examine PAD and CLTI patterning. Association between crude inpatient prevalence-adjusted outcome rates and exposure to social deprivation were determined. We found crude prevalence-adjusted rates of 8.05% for PAD and 1.10% for CLTI with a five- to sevenfold difference from the least to most deprived regions. Statistically significant hot spots were found for PAD ( p < 0.001) and CLTI ( p < 0.001) in the most deprived areas, and cold spots for PAD ( p < 0.001) but not CLTI ( p = 0.72) in the least deprived areas. Major health disparities in PAD/CLTI diagnoses in people with diabetes is driven by socioeconomic deprivation.
Child health interventions delivered by lay health workers to parents: A realist review
Authors: Young Mairi , Ross Alastair , Sheriff Andrea , Deas Leigh , Gnich Wendy
Published: January 2021

There is a growing body of evidence that lay health worker (LHW) interventions are a cost-effective model of care which can improve health outcomes and reduce the burden on existing health and community services. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of information to specify which intervention characteristics contribute to their success. This realist review aimed to identify how, why and in what context UK-based LHW interventions aimed at improving child health parenting behaviours can lead to health promoting behaviour and improve child health outcomes. Results show that the ‘peerness’ of the LHW role gives parents a sense of equality with, and trust in, LHWs which facilitates continued engagement with interventions and sustained positive behaviour. Training and support is crucial to retention of LHWs, enhancing confidence and perceived value of the role in the context of the intervention. LHW interventions which are embedded within communities as a result of stakeholder buy-in demonstrate stable models of delivery and ease the burden on existing health and community services. In conclusion, this review found that LHW interventions can positively influence child health parenting behaviours in certain contexts and provide programme theory to inform future development of LHW interventions.
Buckling and free vibration characteristics of embedded inhomogeneous functionally graded elliptical plate in hygrothermal environment
Authors: Singh Piyush Pratap , Azam Mohammad Sikandar
Published: January 2021

In the present work, effect of hygrothermal environment on vibration and buckling behavior of embedded functionally graded elliptical plate under uniform in plane compression is studied. The properties of elliptical plate vary in transverse direction following power law. The functionally graded elliptical plate is considered to be resting on the Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual work and solved by employing the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The algebraic polynomials are employed to satisfy the different boundary constraints. The advantage of the presented mathematical model over the previously reported methods is that it eliminates the constraints regarding edge conditions, and it is simple and computationally fast. The inclusive results depicting the effect of various parameters namely, material property exponents, foundation parameters, aspect ratio on mechanical and thermomechanical buckling, and natural frequency of embedded functionally graded elliptical plate in a hygrothermal environment are reported after the test of convergence and extensive comparisons. The study shows that increase in foundation moduli lead to an increase in natural frequency and buckling parameter. Furthermore, it is noticed that the temperature and moisture concentration remarkably affect the buckling and vibration behavior of functionally graded elliptical plate.
An integrated approach for structural behavior characterization of the Gravina Bridge (Matera, Southern Italy)
Authors: Serlenga Vincenzo , Gallipoli Maria Rosaria , Ditommaso Rocco , Ponzo Carlo Felice , Tragni Nicola , Perrone Angela , Stabile Tony Alfredo , Calamita Giuseppe , Vignola Luigi , Carso Raffaele Franco , Pietrapertosa Domenico , Lapenna Vincenzo
Published: January 2021

An integrated geophysical approach using non-invasive, non-destructive, and cost-effective seismic and electromagnetic techniques has been implemented to recognize the static and dynamic properties (i.e. eigenfrequencies, equivalent viscous damping factors, and related modal shapes) of the Gravina Bridge and its interaction with foundation soils. The “Gravina” is a bow-string bridge located on outcropping calcarenites in the city of Matera (Southern Italy) and develops for 144 m along a steel-concrete deck. The foundation soil characteristics have been evaluated by means of three high-resolution geo-electrical tomographies, one Vs velocity profile, and two site amplification functions. The main structural characteristics of the bridge have been estimated through permanent and on-demand monitoring using seismic and electromagnetic sensing. The former consisted of accelerometers and velocimeters installed with different geometrical arrangements for permanent earthquake and on-demand ambient vibration test recordings. The electromagnetic sensing was realized by a microwave radar interferometer placed below the deck to measure the displacements of the whole scenario illuminated by the antenna beam providing a continuous mapping of the static and dynamic displacements of the entire target. Acquired data have been analyzed in both frequency and time-frequency domain with the aim to study the stationary and non-stationary response of the monitored bridge. These experimental campaigns allowed us to assess the robustness of the proposed approach and to set up the zero-time reference point of the bridge dynamic parameters.
Comparison of the physical properties of heat-treated and hydrophobic modified glass fiber felt
Authors: Wang Feiyan , Yu Jianyong , Ge Aixiong , Liang Xunmei , Lu Shide , Zhao Chunfeng , Liu Lifang
Published: January 2021

The glass fiber felt owned opening pore structure and chemical stability, which was widely used in various of cabins of vessels, aircraft, vehicles, etc. The surface characteristics of fiber affected the drainage performance of felt, thus affecting the temperature and humidity environment in the cabin. In this paper, the physical properties of heat-treated and hydrophobic modified glass fiber felt were studied and compared. After heat treatment, the surface sizing agents were removed and the felt surface became smoother. The water contact angle (WCA) of all heated felt was 0°. The residual water of 1.5 cm and 0.5 cm felt decreased by 27% and 15%, respectively, while that of 2.5 cm felt increased 324%. The excellent drainage performance could be obtained by reducing the heated felt thickness. However, the tensile strength of felt decreased by 35%–45%. In addition, the fiber diameter, the thickness, and average pore size of heated felt all decreased. After hydrophobic modification, abundant nano particles adhered to the felt surface, making the surface of felt rough. The WCAs of 2.5 cm, 1.5 cm and 0.5 cm hydrophobic modified felt were 152°, 141°, 144°, respectively. The residual water decreased by more than 60%, indicating that the drainage performance of felt could be significantly improved. The tensile strength of felt was increased by 30%–40%. The fiber diameter increased, but the thickness and the average pore size of felt decreased. Compared with the heat treatment, the hydrophobic modification could obtain excellent drainage performance and increased the felt tensile strength, which was suitable for more occasions.
Paraffin/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofibers for thermal hysteresis enhancement of paraffin actuators
Authors: Kutlu Ahmet , Eren Recep , Aykut Yakup
Published: January 2021

Fast and facile one-step preparation of paraffin/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofibers via single needle (uniaxial) electrospinning system was studied. As-spun paraffin/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were used for thermal hysteresis enhancement of paraffin actuators. Solid paraffin with the melting point of 32, 58, 89 and 114°C were employed for the preparation of the paraffin/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the melting point of the paraffin in paraffin/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofiber was clearly detectable and the melting entalpy coming from the paraffin part gradually increased from 9.6 to 101.5 J/g with the increase in the melting points of the added same amount of paraffins in paraffin/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. When both calorimetric and weight loss measurements were considered, the paraffin which has the melting point of 32°C was found to be suitable to produce hybrid nanofibers paraffin actuator. Therefore, this hybrid nanofiber was selected for the application in paraffin actuators for e-vehicle battery cooling systems where the battery temperature must be kept between 15 and 35°C. Paraffin compound of the paraffin actuators was prepared with a mixture of pure paraffin and paraffin/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber with the wt.% of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10. In the hysteresis measurements, the hysteresis value at 3 mm stroke was successfully enhanced as 1.7, 3.4, 11.9 and 15.3% sequentially for the samples produced with the above ratios. Beyond hysteresis enhancement, the phenomena of thermal percolation threshold effect and thermal conductivity contrast ratio effect in nano scale were emprically exposed on opening and closing behavior of the paraffin actuator.
Nerve Grafting for Chronic PIN Palsy Due to Radiocapitellar Joint Entrapment 2 Years Following Closed Reduction of a Pediatric Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation: A Case Report With 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Copeland Andrea E. , Gormley Jessica , Chin Brian , Isak Pavlo , Bain James R.
Published: January 2021

This article describes the first case of successful nerve grafting for posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) palsy secondary to radiocapitellar joint entrapment 2 years following closed reduction (CR) of a pediatric Monteggia fracture-dislocation (MFD). Patient notes were examined. The literature was reviewed to determine whether similar cases or techniques had been reported. A 5-year-old girl presented with a PIN palsy 2 years following CR of an MFD, demonstrating Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 4 wrist and MRC grade 2 finger and thumb extension. Nerve exploration at 27 months revealed a PIN crushed in the radiocapitellar joint with a proximal neuroma-in-continuity and no response to electrical stimulation. Neurolysis and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve cable grafting were performed. The decision to pursue nerve grafting was based on the intraoperative appearance of an atrophic PIN with no response to stimulation, but with minimal muscle atrophy, short distance to target muscles, and pediatric patient with extended reinnervation timeline. Full recovery (MRC grade 5 wrist extension and MRC grade 4+ finger and thumb extension) was achieved at 1-year follow-up. We present the first case of successful nerve grafting for PIN palsy secondary to radiocapitellar joint entrapment 2 years following CR of a type III MFD. Even with significant treatment delay, nerve reconstruction should be considered in the pediatric population.
Online collaboration and identity work in a brony fandom: Constructing a dialogic space in a fan translation project
Authors: Shafirova Liudmila , Kumpulainen Kristiina
Published: January 2021

Online collaboration has become a regular practice for many Internet users, reflecting the emergence of new participatory cultures in the virtual world. However, little is yet known about the processes and conditions for online collaboration in informally formed writing spaces and how these create opportunities for participants’ identity work. This ethnographic case study explores how four young adults, fans of the show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (bronies), negotiated a dialogic space for their online collaboration on a fan translation project and how this created opportunities for their identity work. After a year of participant observation, we collected interviews, ethnographic diaries and participants’ chats, which were analysed with qualitative content and discourse analysis methods. The findings showed how the Etherpad online writing platform used by the participants facilitated the construction of dialogic space through the visualization of a shared artefact and adjustable features. It was in this dialogic space where the participants negotiated their expert identities which furthered their discussions about writing, translating and technological innovations. The study advances present-day knowledge about online collaboration in affinity groups, engendering the construction of a dialogic space for collaborative writing and participants’ identity work.
The role of faecal microbiota transplantation: looking beyond Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: D. Goldenberg Simon , Merrick Blair
Published: January 2021

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of screened and minimally processed faecal material from a ‘healthy’ donor to ‘diseased’ recipient. It has an established role, and is recommended as a therapeutic strategy, in the management of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Recognition that gut dysbiosis is associated with, and may contribute to, numerous disease states has led to interest in exploiting FMT to ‘correct’ this microbial imbalance. Conditions for which it is proposed to be beneficial include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy, neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety, systemic inflammatory states like sepsis, and even coronavirus disease 2019. To understand what role, if any, FMT may play in the management of these conditions, it is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of the therapy. Regardless, there are several barriers to its more widespread adoption, which include incompletely understood mechanism of action (especially outside of CDI), inability to standardise treatment, disagreement on its active ingredients and how it should be regulated, and lack of long-term outcome and safety data. Whilst the transfer of faecal material from one individual to another to treat ailments or improve health has a history dating back thousands of years, there are fewer than 10 randomised controlled trials supporting its use. Moving forward, it will be imperative to gather as much data from FMT donors and recipients over as long a timeframe as possible, and for trials to be conducted with rigorous methodology, including appropriate control groups, in order to best understand the utility of FMT for indications beyond CDI. This review discusses the history of FMT, its appreciable mechanisms of action with reference to CDI, indications for FMT with an emerging evidence base above and beyond CDI, and future perspectives on the field.
Reducing obsolescence practices from a product-oriented PSS perspective: A research agenda
Authors: Munten Pauline , Vanhamme Joëlle , Swaen Valérie
Published: January 2021

This conceptual article reviews current knowledge across relevant disciplines and proposes a research agenda related to the capacity of product-oriented product–service systems (PSS) – which are servitization practices, similar to product–service bundling – to mitigate the obsolescence problem of durable products (in the form of deliberate curtailment of product lifespans or symbolic devaluation of devices). Taking both consumer and company perspectives on this possibility, this study outlines paths for research into how marketing can advance knowledge, particularly in relation to product design and sustainable marketing fields. As a contribution to product–service bundling literature, this article also proposes that different types of bundling strategies can be deployed strategically to enhance environmental performance and reduce obsolescence. The effects of product-oriented PSS on obsolescence depend on the type of added services that companies bundle with their products. This insight offers some implications for managers who might seek to adopt product–service bundling and for regulators and policy makers who want to combat obsolescence.
A digital contract for restoration of the Earth System mediated by a Planetary Boundary Exchange Unit
Authors: Bertolami Orfeu , Francisco Frederico
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we propose a new governance paradigm for managing the Earth System based on a digital contract inspired on blockchain technology. This proposal allows for a radical decentralisation of the procedures of controlling, maintaining and restoring ecosystems by a set of networks willing to engage in improving the operational conditions of local ecosystems so to contribute to an optimal functioning of the Earth System. These procedures are aimed to improve local Planetary Boundary parameters so that they approach the optimal Holocene reference values, the so-called Safe Operating Space, via a reciprocal validation process and an exchange unit that internalises the state of the Earth System.
Early Outcomes After Surgical Management of Geriatric Patella Fractures
Authors: Kapilow Jaclyn , Ahn Junho , Gallaway Kathryn , Sorich Megan
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To report the incidence and risk factors for prolonged hospitalization, discharge to a facility, and postoperative complications in geriatric patients who underwent surgery for patella fracture.

Design:

Retrospective database review.

Setting:

The American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) collects data from 600 hospitals across the United States.

Patients/Participants:

NSQIP patients over 65 years of age with patella fractures.

Intervention:

Surgical fixation of patella fracture including extensor mechanism repair.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Prolonged hospitalization, discharge to a facility, and 30-day post-operative complications.

Results:

1721 patients were included in the study. The average age was 74.9 years. 358 (20.8%) patients were male. 122 (7.1%) patients had a length of stay greater than 7 days. Factors associated with prolonged length of stay include pre-existing renal failure, need for emergent surgery, and time to surgery greater than 24 hours from admission. 640 patients (37.2%) of patients were discharged to a facility after surgery. Discharge to facility was associated with age >77 years, obesity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pre-operative SIRS, and CCI > 0.5. Admission from home decreased the odds of discharge to a facility. The most common postoperative complications in this population were unplanned readmission (3.4%), unplanned reoperation (2.7%), surgical site infection (1.1%), mortality (1.0%), venous thromboembolism (0.8%), and wound dehiscence (0.2%). Complication rates increased with anemia and ASA class IV-V.

Conclusions:

Geriatric patients undergoing operative intervention for patella fractures are at high risk for prolonged hospitalization, discharge to facility, unplanned readmission or reoperation, and surgical site complications in the first 30 days following surgery. This study highlights modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with adverse events. Early recognition of these factors can allow for close monitoring and multidisciplinary intervention in the perioperative period to improve outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level III.
Functional Outcomes of Nerve Root Sparing Posterior Corpectomy in Lumbar Vertebral Burst Fractures
Authors: Reddy Mallepally Abhinandan , Marathe Nandan , Shrivastava Abhinav Kumar , Tandon Vikas , Chhabra Harvinder Singh
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective observational.

Objectives:

This study aimed to document the safety and efficacy of lumbar corpectomy with reconstruction of anterior column through posterior-only approach in complete burst fractures.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, we analyzed complete lumbar burst fractures treated with corpectomy through posterior only approach between 2014 and 2018. Clinical and intraoperative data including pre and post-operative neurology as per the ISNCSCI grade, VAS score, operative time, blood loss and radiological parameters, including pre and post-surgery kyphosis, height loss and canal compromise was assessed.

Results:

A total of 45 patients, with a mean age of 38.89 and a TLICS score 5 or more were analyzed. Preoperative VAS was 7-10. Mean operating time was 219.56 ± 30.15 minutes. Mean blood loss was 1280 ± 224.21 ml. 23 patients underwent short segment fixation and 22 underwent long segment fixation. There was no deterioration in post-operative neurological status in any patient. At follow-up, the VAS score was in the range of 1-3. The difference in preoperative kyphosis and immediate post-operative deformity correction, preoperative loss of height in vertebra and immediate post-operative correction in height were significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The posterior-only approach is safe, efficient, and provides rigid posterior stabilization, 360° neural decompression, and anterior reconstruction without the need for the anterior approach and its possible approach-related morbidity. We achieved good results with an all posterior approach in 45 patients of lumbar burst fracture (LBF) which is the largest series of this nature.
Combined Anterior-Posterior Fusion Versus Posterior Alone Fusion for Cervical Myelopathy in Athetoid-Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Kim Gang-Un , Ahn Myun-Whan , Lee Gun Woo
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective comparative study.

Objectives:

Although some studies have discussed the use of lateral mass screws (LMSs) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), it is unclear whether posterior LMS fixation alone is a suitable method. We aimed to compare the clinical, radiological, and surgical outcomes of 2 surgical modalities, namely, combined anterior-posterior (A-P) instrumented fusion and posterior fusion alone, in athetoid-type CP patients with cervical myelopathy (CM).

Methods:

We analyzed 63 patients with athetoid-CP and CM who underwent posterior fusion only with LMS (group A, 35 patients) and A-P fusion (group B, 28 patients). The primary outcome was the 1- and 3-year fusion rates for the surgical segments. The secondary outcomes included the clinical outcomes based on pain intensity determined using the visual analog scale score, neck disability index, and 17-point Japanese Orthopedic Association score, radiological, and surgical outcomes.

Results:

Fusion was achieved at 3 years postoperatively in 22 of 35 patients (63%) in group A and in 26 of 28 patients (93%) in group B ( P = 0.02). The posterior neck pain intensity was also significantly lower in group B than in group A 2 and 3 years postoperatively ( P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The incidence of screw loosening and implant-related problems was higher in group A (60%) than in group B (21%) ( P = 0.01). The other clinical and radiological parameters were similar between the groups.

Conclusions:

For athetoid CP-induced CM, combined A-P fusion would result in superior clinical and radiological outcomes compared to posterior fusion alone.
Association Between Vitamin A Intake and Disease Severity in Early-Onset Heterotopic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine
Authors: Endo Tsutomu , Imagama Shiro , Kato Satoshi , Kaito Takashi , Sakai Hiroaki , Ikegawa Shiro , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Kanayama Masahiro , Hisada Yuichiro , Koike Yoshinao , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Oda Itaru , Okada Kazufumi , Takagi Ryo , Iwasaki Norimasa , Takahata Masahiko
Published: January 2021

Study Design:

A sex- and age-matched case-control study and a cross-sectional study.

Objective:

In our previous study, patients with early-onset (<50 years of age) ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) had distinct features such as morbid obesity, a high prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases, and diffuse ossified lesions mainly affecting the thoracic spine. Our goals were to determine whether early-onset OPLL patients have unbalanced dietary habits and to identify nutritional factors associated with OPLL exacerbation.

Methods:

In Study 1, the simple brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) was used to compare nutrient intake levels of early-onset OPLL patients (n = 13) with those of sex- and age-matched non-OPLL controls (n = 39) or with those of common OPLL (onset age ≥ 50 years, n = 62). In Study 2, serological validation was conducted for thoracic OPLL patients (n = 77) and non-OPLL controls (n = 101) in a nationwide multicenter study in Japan.

Results:

The BDHQ showed that the early-onset OPLL patients had significantly lower intakes of vitamins A and B6 than non-OPLL controls. These results were validated by lower serum vitamins A and B6 levels in the early-onset thoracic OPLL patients. The severity of OPLL negatively correlated with serum vitamin A levels in male early-onset OPLL patients. The multiple regression analysis revealed that the severity of thoracic OPLL had an association with onset age and serum vitamin A level.

Conclusions:

Vitamin A deficiency resulting from unbalanced dietary habits is associated with exacerbation of male early-onset OPLL.
Characteristics of Osteochondral Fractures Caused by Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Ponkilainen Ville , Paloneva Juha , Mattila Ville M. , Nurmi Heikki , Repo Jussi P.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Literature describing the anatomic characteristics of osteochondral fractures (OCFs) in the knee joint after patellar dislocation is scarce.

Purpose:

To describe the patterns of OCFs in the knee joint after acute or recurrent patellar dislocation in a sample of patients from 2 orthopaedic trauma centers.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

In this multicenter study, all patients who had International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnostic codes S83.0 and M22.0 between 2012 and 2018 were screened. Of the 2181 patients with clinically diagnosed patellar dislocation, 1189 had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with diagnosed patellar dislocation and osteochondral fragment verified on MRI scans were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic patient records. OCF location and size were assessed from MRI scans. Results were further compared in subgroups by sex, skeletal maturity, and primary versus recurrent patellar dislocation.

Results:

An OCF was detected in 134 patients with injured knees, all of whom were included in the final analysis. It occurred in the patella in 63% of patients, in the lateral femoral condyle in 34%, and in both locations in 3%. The median OCF size was 146 mm2 (interquartile range, 105-262 mm2). There was no statistically significant difference in OCF size between patellar and lateral femoral condyle fractures. Patellar OCFs were more frequent in female than male patients ( P = .009) and were larger after primary than recurrent dislocation ( P = .040).

Conclusion:

OCFs were mainly located in the medial facet of the patella and in the lateral femoral condyle, with these locations accounting for approximately two-thirds and one-third of all OCFs, respectively. Proportion of patellar OCF was higher in female than in male. Patellar OCFs may be larger after primary than recurrent dislocation.
Using Queue Theory and Load-Leveling Principles to Identify a Simple Metric for Resource Planning in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Loso Jennifer M. , Filipp Stephanie L. , Gurka Matthew J. , Davis Michael K.
Published: January 2021

Increased waiting time in pediatric emergency departments is a well-recognized and complex problem in a resource-limited US health care system. Efforts to reduce emergency department wait times include modeling arrival rates, acuity, process flow, and human resource requirements. The aim of this study was to investigate queue theory and load-leveling principles to model arrival rates and to identify a simple metric for assisting with determination of optimal physical space and human resource requirements. We discovered that pediatric emergency department arrival rates vary based on time of day, day of the week, and month of the year in a predictable pattern and that the hourly change in pediatric emergency department waiting room census may be useful as a simple metric to identify target times for shifting resources to better match supply and demand at no additional cost.
Expanding the Southern urban critique: Elite politics, popular politics, and self-governance in the wards of Mandalay
Authors: Sanchez Jérémie , Myat Su Su
Published: January 2021

This article explores everyday urban governance and politics in Mandalay, Myanmar. We examine this through a focus on state-society interactions within Mandalay’s ward offices, which are the lowest tier of the administrative backbone of the Myanmar state known as the General Administration Department. This reveals the existence of three intertwined forms of urban ‘politics’ in Mandalay: elite politics, which echo the practices of civil society in the sense of Partha Chatterjee; popular politics, which echo the practices of political society; and self-governance, which is an approach to politics culturally and historically situated in Theravada Buddhism and Myanmar’s authoritarian legacies. The situatedness of the case prompts us to argue in favor of expanding the southern urban critique beyond its conventional focus on liberal democratic metropolises of the global South, in order to enrich our understanding of what constitutes postcolonial urban politics. We suggest this could be achieved, as we attempt here, by adopting collaborative research methodologies and by extensively building on southern area scholarship in ways that mediate epistemic expropriation.
‘Le terroir, c’est la vie’: Re-animating a concept among Burgundy’s wine producers
Authors: Hill Rory A D
Published: January 2021

Organic and biodynamic methods of cultivation present particular challenges for the production of wine in a terroir-based system. This remains underexplored in academic work, yet it represents the confluence of two important contemporary trends in the wine industry. In this article, I draw upon interviews and participant observation with wine producers in the French region of Burgundy to examine emergent tensions between terroir and environmentally sustainable modes of production. Following an introduction to the subject, in the first section of the article I show how claims made about vineyard soils operated within the context of a simultaneously agronomic, environmental and cultural notion of terroir. In the second, I show how organic and biodynamic wine producers drew my attention to ecological dimensions of terroir by reference to things that could be appreciated aesthetically in the landscape. Reflecting on producers’ opinions, media coverage and wider scholarship, I make some initial steps in examining how environmentally sustainable modes of production are rhetorically and practically mobilised in the service of the widely shared notion of terroir, and, by extension, how these modes of production shape the sense of terroir that is promulgated in the cultural, economic and political organisation of wine.