bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Emaranhado de Fios dos Relatos de Infância: o Gênero Autobiográfico em Recuerdos de Niñez y Mocedad de Miguel de Unamuno
Authors: OLIVEIRA NETO WALTER PINTO DE , LOBATO ANDREA TERESA MARTINS
Published: December 2020

RESUMORecuerdos de niñez y mocedad (1908) é uma obra autobiográfica do escritor Miguel de Unamuno (1864 – 1936), na qual o autor narra diversas experiências da infância e adolescência. Nela, Unamuno aborda algumas lembranças que, por se manterem longe na distância e no tempo, confundem-se em fios emaranhados entre o real e o fictício. Para analisar o relato de infância do modernista espanhol, valemo-nos de estudiosos do gênero autobiográfico e psicanalistas como Braunstein (2008). Assim sendo, o estudo buscou analisar e encontrar traços do gênero autobiográfico na obra do intelectual, da mesma maneira que os recursos linguísticos para encobrir as camadas nebulosas da memória. Tendo por base estes preceitos, a partir da metodologia bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, explicaremos como as recordações de Don Miguel, em Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad, são descritas vários anos após a infância ter se tornado, somente, “pontos que estão contidos em enormes espaços vazios”.Palavras-chave: Autobiografia. Infância. Unamuno. The threads' tangle of childhood relationships: the autobiographical gender in Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad by Miguel de UnamunoABSTRACT Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad (1908) is an autobiographical work by the writer Miguel de Unamuno (1864 – 1936), in which the author describes various experiences of childhood and adolescence. In it, Unamuno addresses some memories that, being far away in time and distance, get confused in tangled threads between the real and the fictional. To analyze the childhood report of the Spanish modernist, we will use autobiographical scholars and psychoanalysts such as Braunstein (2008). Therefore, the study sought to analyze and find traces of the autobiographical genre in the intellectual's work, as well as the linguistic resources to cover the foggy layers of memory. Based on these precepts, from the qualitative bibliographical methodology, we will explain how the memories of Don Miguel, in Recuerdos de niñez y mocedad, are described several years after childhood only became “points that are contained in huge empty spaces”.Keywords: Autobiography; Childhood; Unamuno.
In-vitro Virucidal Activity of Commercial Enzyme Preparations against SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Chitnis Anuradha V. , Rathi Abhijit
Published: December 2020

Prevention practices have been extensively used to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These include social distancing, wearing masks, disinfection of hands, and sanitization of contact surfaces. However, the excessive usage of chemical disinfectants pose long term adverse effects to human health and the environment. Development of effective and environmentally friendly biocides, or virucidal agents, will help mitigate the ill effects of chemical disinfectants. Enzymes are potential candidates for the preparation of biocides against bacteria and viruses. Exploration of the virucidal activity of commercial enzymes, will highlight prospective, readily available sources for research on enzyme based biocides. In this study, the virucidal effect of some com-mercial enzyme preparations has been investigated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vida Defense (2000 µg/ml), Excellacor (1500 µg/ml), and SEBkinase (3000 µg/ml) reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral ti-ters by ≥1 log CCID50 (≥90%). ImmunoSEB (6000µg/ml) and Peptizyme SP (500µg/ml) reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral titers by 0.8 log CCID50 (84.2%). The study indicates that enzyme prepara-tions offer the potential to be explored further for an anti-viral biocide against SARS‐CoV‐2 for reducing the risk of COVID‐19 transmission. However, further studies are mandated to improve efficacy and establish safety.
INOVASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PROGRAM KESETARAAN PAKET C DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ali Musyafa , Prawening Cesilia , Samiaji Mukhamad Hamid
Published: December 2020

Pandemi COVID-19 telah menghambat proses belajar dan pembelajaran baik pendidikan formal maupun pendidikan non formal seperti pada program kesetaraan Paket C. Guru atau tutor dituntut untuk dapat menghadirkan inovasi pembelajaran yang efektif. Pembelajaran jarak jauh dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan inovasi model pembelajaran jarak jauh pada Program Kesetaraan di wilayah Purwokerto Selatan pada masa pandemik COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yakni; melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Setelah data diperoleh kemudian peneliti melakukan analisis, adapun teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni; mereduksi, analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga metode pembelajaran yakni daring (live book, kuis, recording materi), luring (proyek karya), dan kombinasi (group observation or self-observation, rekaman materi, diskusi, investigasi dan webinar, dan apresiasi belajar). Ketiga metode pembelajaran ini merupakan modifikasi sekaligus adaptasi pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi COVID-19.The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the learning and its process at all levels of education ranging from early childhood education to college. In addition to formal education, non-formal education such as the Package C Equality Program has also undergone drastic changes in the teaching and learning process. From that problem teachers or tutors are required to be able to present effective learning innovations. Distance learning can be one of the applicable alternatives. This article aims to describe the innovation of distance learning models in the Equality Program in the South Purwokerto region during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a field research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected using three techniques, namely; observations, interviews and document studies. The data then analysed based on these steps; reduction, analysis and withdrawal of conclusions. The results of this study show that there are three methods of learning namely online (live book, quiz, recording material), offline (project work), and combination (group observation or self-observation, recording material, discussion, investigation and webinar, and appreciation of learning). These three learning methods are both modifications and adaptations of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Increasing Access to Buprenorphine in Safety-Net Primary Care Clinics: The New York City Buprenorphine Nurse Care Manager Initiative
Authors: Kaplan-Dobbs Marissa , Kattan Jessica A. , Tuazon Ellenie , Jimenez Christian , Saleh Sabina , Kunins Hillary V.
Published: December 2020

The Buprenorphine Nurse Care Manager Initiative (BNCMI) sought to increase access to opioid use disorder treatment in underserved New York City populations by expanding buprenorphine treatment capacity in safety-net primary care clinics.

During 2016 to 2020, BNCMI added 116 new buprenorphine providers across 27 BNCMI clinics, and 1212 patients were enrolled; most patients identified as Latinx or Hispanic and were Medicaid beneficiaries.

BNCMI increased access to buprenorphine, reached underserved populations, and is part of the New York City Health Department’s multipronged approach to reducing opioid overdose deaths.
De Aristóteles a las políticas públicas de la felicidad en el Perú. Disquisiciones desde un estudio en dos estratos sociales
Authors: Ibáñez Franklin , Mateu Pedro , Zuñiga Javier , Vásquez Enrique
Published: December 2020

En las últimas décadas la felicidad se ha convertido en  un tema importante para diversas disciplinas y, desde allí,  ha comenzado una reflexión por su posible aplicación a  las políticas públicas. Un equipo interdisciplinario de investigadores ha recogido las ideas más comunes relacionadas con la felicidad en el Perú a partir de entrevistas a los jefes de hogar de los distritos más pobres y más ricos del  país. El presente texto examinará tales resultados a partir  de la teoría de Aristóteles, a fin de brindar fundamentos  teóricos para posibles políticas públicas. La teoría clásica  aristotélica es eudemonista permite distinguir entre concepciones más superficiales y profundas de la felicidad. Se  concluye que políticas asociadas a la felicidad promueven  una vida humana plena que comprende acceso a la salud,  la educación, el empleo y la promoción de la solidaridad  ciudadana. Se desmitifica también la idea de que los pobres sólo necesitan o desean dinero para ser felices.
Patient Characteristics Predict Patency of Early-Cannulation Arteriovenous Grafts
Authors: Kingsmore David , Stevenson Karen , Richarz Sabine , Isaak Andrej , Jackson Andrew , Kasthuri Ram , Thomson Peter
Published: December 2020

There is a new emphasis on tailoring appropriate vascular access for hemodialysis to patients and their life-plans, but there is little known about the optimal use of newer devices such as early-cannulation arteriovenous grafts (ecAVG), with studies utilising them in a wide variety of situations. The aim of this study was to determine if the outcome of ecAVG can be predicted by patient characteristics known pre-operatively. This retrospective analysis of 278 consecutive ecAVG with minimum one-year follow-up correlated functional patency with demographic data, renal history, renal replacement and vascular access history.

On univariate analysis, aetiology of renal disease, indication for an ecAVG, the number of previous tunnelled central venous catheters (TCVC) prior to insertion of an ecAVG, peripheral vascular disease, and BMI were significant associates with functional patency. On multivariate analysis the number of previous TCVC, the presence of peripheral vascular disease and indication were independently associated with outcome after allowing for age, sex and BMI.

When selecting for vascular access, understanding the clinical circumstances such as indication and previous vascular access can identify patients with differing outcomes. Importantly strategies that result in TCVC exposure have an independent and cumulative association with decreasing long-term patency for subsequent ecAVG. As such, TCVC exposure is best avoided or minimised particularly when ecAVG can be considered.
Propensity-score-matched Evaluation of Psychological Stress and Hair Cortisol among People Living with HIV in China
Authors: Chen Xu , Zeng Cheng-Bo , Liu Shuai-Feng , Li Xiao-Ming , Qiao Shan , Lv Ri-Ying , Shen Zhi-Yong
Published: December 2020

To compare the psychological stress level and hair cortisol level of people living with HIV (PLWH) with those without HIV. A total of 220 subjects were initially enrolled in the study, including 20 subjects living without HIV and 200 PLWH. Psychological stress level, including quality of life, anxiety, perceived stress and mental resilience, was self-reported in both groups with related scales. The cortisol in hair were extracted and assessed by LC-APCI-MS/MS method. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to balance the baseline covariates of the two groups, whereas the difference in psychological stress level and hair cortisol level between the two groups were compared. Furthermore, the associations between psychological stress level and cortisol level were examined. Two comparison groups were matched by 1:3 propensity score matching, which yield 20 subjects living without HIV and 60 PLWH. Ultimately, in regarding to the psychological stress, the levels of the anxiety, perceived stress and mental resilience were higher among PLWH than those living without HIV, but the people without HIV showed higher quality of life. The hair cortisol level in PLWH was higher than those living without HIV. However, there were no significant associations between psychological stress level and cortisol level. The PLWH showed higher level of psychological stress and cortisol than those without HIV. No relationship was seen between psychological stress level and cortisol level in PLWH.
Prediction of Unsuccessful Endometrial Ablation: Random Forest vs Logistic Regression
Authors: Stevens Kelly Yvonne Roger , Lagaert Liesbet , Bakkes Tom , Gelderblom Malou Evi , Houterman Saskia , Gijsen Tanja , Schoot Benedictus
Published: December 2020

Background: Five percent of premenopausal women experience abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial ablation (EA) is one of the treatment options for this common problem. However, this technique shows a decrease in patient satisfaction and treatment efficacy on the long term Study objective: To develop a prediction model to predict surgical re-intervention (for example re-ablation or hysterectomy) within two years after EA by using Machine Learning (ML). The performance of the developed prediction model was compared with a previously published multivariate logistic regression model (LR). Design: This retrospective cohort study, with a minimal follow up time of two years, included 446 pre-menopausal women (18+) that underwent an EA for complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding. The performance of the ML- and the LR model was compared using the area under the Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: We found out that the ML model (AUC of 0.65 (95% CI 0.56-0.74)) is not superior compared to the LR model (AUC of 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78)) in predicting the outcome of surgical re-intervention within two years after EA. Conclusion: Although Machine Learning techniques are gaining popularity in development of clinical prediction tools, this study shows that ML is not necessarily superior to the traditional statistical LR techniques. The performance of a prediction model is influenced by the sample size, the number of features of a dataset, hyperparameter tuning and the linearity of associations. Both techniques should be considered when developing a clinical prediction model.
Optical scatterings in layered systems
Authors: Liu Chang-Ting , Chiu Chih-Wei , Lin Chiun-Yan , Lin Ming-Fa
Published: December 2020

Optical properties, reflectance, absorbance and transmittance spectra, are fully investigated for the layered structures through the development of theoretical framework. The transverse dielectric function, which characterizes the dynamic charge screenings, can cover all the intralayer and interlayer atomic interactions under the electro-magnetic wave perturbation. By the continuous reflection and transmission scatterings at two surfaces, their analytic formulas are established from the vertical valence-state transitions and the boundary conditions. They are also suitable for finite-width bulk materials. Most important, this study is fully combined with the generalized tight-binding model with all the intrinsic interactions and external field.
Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treatments Published Between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Wang Zong-Yu , Zhou Zhi-Chao , Zheng Jie , Cong Zhu-Kai , Zhu Xi
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and extensively researched condition, and treatment modalities are continuously being developed and improved. Although the literature on ARDS treatment is vast, there have not been any bibliographic analyses examining trends in this area. We aimed to systematically evaluate the literature on ARDS treatments published between 2000 and 2019, from the perspective of bibliometrics.Methods: Literature retrieval was performed in PubMed and in the Web of Science Core Collection, and analyzed for publication and temporal trends. CiteSpace was used to perform co-occurrence analysis for institutions, and reference co-citation analysis for research topics. Burst keyword detection was used to predict future areas of research interest in the field.Results: A total of 13,933 articles were retrieved. The journal Critical Care Medicine published the largest number of articles (956, 6.86%). The University of Toronto was affiliated with the most publications (574, 4.28%) and had the highest degree of betweenness centrality, indicating extensive inter-institution collaboration. The papers on ARDS treatment published between 2000 and 2019 were grouped into 10 major clusters, 3 of which indicated recent activity (“acute lung injury,” “long-term outcome” and “extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”). Fifteen burst keywords/terms were identified, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, meta-analysis and oxidative stress.Conclusions: On the basis of the literature published in the preceding 20 years, the exploration of ARDS treatment is an ongoing concern. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was an active focus of research in this field. It and oxidative stress are likely to become major topics of research interest in the near future. Meta-analysis will be a popular method in analyzing the efficacy of ARDS treatments.
Setting-Up A Cross-Border Action-Research Project to Control Malaria in Remote Areas of the Amazon: Describing the Birth and Milestones of A Complex International Project (Malakit)
Authors: Galindo Muriel Suzanne , Lambert Yann , Mutricy Louise , Garancher Laure , Miller Jane Bordalo , Gomes José Hermenegildo , Sanna Alice , Peterka Cassio , Hilderal Hélène , Cairo Hedley , Hiwat Helene , Nacher Mathieu , Suárez-Mutis Martha Cecilia , Vreden Stephen , Douine Maylis
Published: December 2020

Background: In French Guiana, gold miners working illegally represents a major reservoir of malaria. This mobile population, mainly of Brazilian descent, enters the French Guianese forest from neighboring countries, Suriname and Brazil. A complex and innovative intervention was piloted in cooperation with the three involved countries to control malaria in this specific population. The principle was to provide participants through health workers called “facilitators” with a self-diagnosis and self-treatment kit along with adequate training and material to rapidly manage an episode of malaria symptoms on their own, when they find themselves isolated from health care services. Method: We describe here the design, development, content of the intervention and players’ organization of this multi-country project, the opportunities and constraints encountered, and the lessons learnt at this stage. Results: We chose not to implement a usual “Test and Treat” approach within the community mainly for regulatory reasons. The content of medical messages tend to balance the tension between thoroughness, accuracy and efficacy. The wide range of tools developed through a participatory approach was intended to cope with the challenges of the literacy level of the target population. Despite the difficulties encountered due to language, regulation differences and distance between partners, cooperation was fruitful, due to the complementary of stakeholders, their involvement at all important stages and regular face-to-face meetings. Discussion and conclusion: This experience shows the feasibility of an ambitious project of action-research in a border malaria context, involving several countries and with a mobile and undocumented population. It reveals some factors of success which may be transferable in analogous settings.
The Possible Role of Interleukin-6 as a Regulator of Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Maghbooli Zhila , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Rezaeimanesh Nasim , Omidifar Abolfazl , Varzandi Tarlan , Sahraian Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: The aquaporin 4- Immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) is the disease-specific autoantibody that has a significant role in the pathogenesis of Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Circulating AQP4-IgG induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and may also trigger downstream signaling pathways leading to metabolic dysregulation.Methods: We aimed to determine the risk association of hyperinsulinemia in NMOSD patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 compared with the control group.Serum levels of metabolic (Insulin, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), lipid profile) and inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-17) markers were assessed in 56 NMOSD patients and 100 controls.Results: Hyperinsulinemia was more prevalent in NMOSD patients independent of age, gender and body mass index (BMI) (48.2% vs. 26%, p=0.005). After adjusting age, sex and BMI, there was significant association between lower insulin sensitivity (IS) and NMOSD risk (95% CI: Beta=0.73, 0.62 to 0.86, p=0.0001).The correlation between the duration of disease and circulating levels of insulin and FBS in NMOSD patients was not significant (P>0.05). Circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were higher in NMOSD patients, and only IL-6 had an effect modifier for the association between lower insulin sensitivity and NMOSD risk. Conclusions: Our data suggests that inflammatory pathogenesis of NMOSD leads to hyperinsulinemia and increases the risk of insulin resistance.
Decreased endometrial thickness between HCG day and embryo transfer day improves the pregnancy rate of IVF/ICSI cycles
Authors: Wang Miao , Deng Huali , Wang Xinglin , Zhang Lihong , Wang Fang , Ye Hong
Published: December 2020

Background

Previous studies have suggested that pregnancy outcome and endometrial thickness before embryo transfer are closely related. However, we found that endometrial thickness changed even within a few days between HCG day and embryo transfer day. There have been few studies on the relationship between endometrial thickness change (ETC) and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the ETC from HCG trigger day to embryo transfer day affects pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.
Methods

This was a retrospective single-center cohort study. In total, 9773 IVF/ICSI embryo transfer cycles involving the long protocol at Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute from January 1st, 2016, to December 30th, 2019, were included. The 9773 cycles were divided into 2 groups based on whether the endometrial thickness decreased from HCG day to embryo transfer day, and clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) and ongoing pregnancy rates (OPRs) were compared. Logistic regression was used to determine whether an ETC was an independent risk factor for CPR or OPR.
Results

The CPR and OPR of the decreased endometrial thickness group were higher than those of the non-decreased endometrial thickness group (62.65% and 52.6% vs. 60.56% and 50.18%) (p = 0.041 vs. 0.027). The endometrial thickness change was an independent risk factor for CPR (OR = 0.920, P = 0.003, 95% confidence interval 0.870–0.972) and OPR (OR = 0.907, P = 0.000, 95% confidence interval 0.859–0.958)
Conclusions

A proper decrease in endometrial thickness from HCG trigger day to embryo transfer day in IVF/ICSI cycles increases the CPR and OPR.
Peruvoside is a new Src inhibitor that suppresses NSCLC cell growth and motility by downregulating multiple Src-EGFR-related pathways
Authors: Lai Yi-Hua , Chang Hsiu-Hui , Chen Huei-Wen , Chang Gee-Chen , Chen Jeremy JW
Published: December 2020

Background

The tyrosine kinase Src plays an essential role in the progression of many cancers and is involved in several signalling pathways regulated by EGFR. To improve the efficacy of lung cancer treatments, this study aimed to identify novel compounds that can disrupt the Src-EGFR interaction to inhibit lung cancer progression and are less dependent on the EGFR mutation status than other compounds.
Methods

We used Src pY419 ELISA as the drug-screening platform to screen a compound library of more than 400 plant active ingredients and identified peruvoside as a candidate Src-EGFR crosstalk inhibitor. Human Non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC9, PC9/gef, H3255 and H1975) with different EGFR statuses were used to perform cell cytotoxicity and proliferation assays after peruvoside or dasatinib treatment. Src and Src-related protein expression was evaluated by western blotting in peruvoside-treated A549, H3255 and H1975 cells. The effects of peruvoside on cancer cell function were assessed in A549 cells. The synergistic effects of gefitinib and peruvoside were assessed by CI-isobologram analysis in gefitinib-resistant cell lines. The efficacy of peruvoside in vivo was determined using nude mice subjected to compound or vehicle treatments.
Results

Peruvoside significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, and STAT3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and somewhat suppressed their protein expression. Cell function assays revealed that peruvoside also inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation of lung cancer cells in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, peruvoside sensitised gefitinib-resistant tumour cells (A549, PC9/gef and H1975) to gefitinib treatment, indicating that it may exert synergistic effects when used in combination with established therapeutic agents. Our data also demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of peruvoside on lung cancer progression might be attributed to its ability to regulate multiple proteins, including Src, PI3K, JNK, Paxillin, p130cas, and EGFR.
Conclusions

Our findings suggest that peruvoside suppresses Non-small cell lung cancer malignancy by downregulating multiple Src-related pathways and may help develop new anticancer drugs and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer in the future.
Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance
Authors: Li Yuexin , Zhao Degang
Published: December 2020

Background: Late blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms.Results: A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. These genes included late blight response genes encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, the expression levels of the late blight response genes were not up-regulated in the Qingshu 9 scion, but the expression levels of the genes related to proline metabolism, fatty acid chain elongation, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated. Resistance results showed that self-grafting of the susceptible variety and grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock increased the resistance of the susceptible scion to late blight. However, the resistance was stronger after grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock. Using the susceptible variety as the rootstock decreased the late blight resistance of the resistant scion.Conclusions: Our results showed that changes to the expression of disease resistance genes in the scion after grafting are associated with late blight resistance. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.
O Imposto de Renda e as Pessoas Físicas
Authors: Da Cunha Bahiana Gastão
Published: December 2020

Os economistas costumam dizer que o Impôsto de Renda é o mais justo dos impostos. Está certo, mas com uma condição: a incidência do impôsto deveser equitativa, levando criteriosamente em conta a a situação financeira das pessoas, e, em particular, seus encargos de família. Será que, no Brasil, a lei vigente observa essa desejável eqüidade ?À vista do art. 20, a resposta deveria ser afirmativa. Com efeito, o referido artigo determina que “da renda brutã será permitido abater os encargos de família, etc”. Mas o art. 23, contrariando o art. 20, manda calcular o impôsto cedular sôbre a totalidade da renda bruta, sem abatimento algum, a qualquer título.
Contribuição para o Estudo das “Águas Nocivas”
Authors: Tovar Jair
Published: December 2020

A primeira regra estabelecida pelo Código de Águas, no atinente ao assunto das águas nocivas, é a de que a ninguém é lícito conspurcar ou contaminar as águas, que não consome, prejudicando assim a terceiros. (6 )Não há dúvida ter aqui considerado o legislador aquela classe de águas superabundantes ou supérfluas. Mantendo certa relação com êsse dispositivo, encontra-se no Código Civil aquele do artigo 584, que estabelece: “São proibidas construções capazes de poluir ou inutilizar para o uso ordinário a água do poço ou fonte alheia, a elas Preexistente. ”
Perceived Electronic Health Record Usability as a Predictor of Task Load and Burnout Among US Physicians: Mediation Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Melnick Edward R , Harry Elizabeth , Sinsky Christine A , Dyrbye Liselotte N , Wang Hanhan , Trockel Mickey Todd , West Colin P , Shanafelt Tait
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Electronic health record (EHR) usability and physician task load both contribute to physician professional burnout. The association between perceived EHR usability and workload has not previously been studied at a national level. Better understanding these interactions could give further information as to the drivers of extraneous task load.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the relationship between physician-perceived EHR usability and workload by specialty and evaluate for associations with professional burnout.

METHODS

A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of US physicians from all specialties was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. Among the 1250 physicians invited to respond to the subsurvey analyzed here, 848 (67.8%) completed it. EHR usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS; range: 0-100). Provider task load (PTL) was assessed using the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, and effort required subscales of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (range: 0-400). Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

RESULTS

The mean scores were 46.1 (SD 22.1) for SUS and 262.5 (SD 71.7) for PTL. On multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, relationship status, medical specialty, practice setting, hours worked per week, and number of nights on call per week, physician-rated EHR usability was associated with PTL, with each 1-point increase in SUS score (indicating more favorable) associated with a 0.57-point decrease in PTL score (P<.001). On mediation analysis, higher SUS score was associated with lower PTL score, which was associated with lower odds of burnout.

CONCLUSIONS

A strong association was observed between EHR usability and workload among US physicians, with more favorable usability associated with less workload. Both outcomes were associated with the odds of burnout, with task load acting as a mediator between EHR usability and burnout. Improving EHR usability while decreasing task load has the potential to allow practicing physicians more working memory for medical decision making and patient communication.
Patient-Reported Outcomes From Patients With Heart Failure Participating in the Future Patient Telerehabilitation Program: Data From the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Skov Schacksen Cathrine , Dyrvig Anne-Kirstine , Henneberg Nanna Celina , Dam Gade Josefine , Spindler Helle , Refsgaard Jens , Hollingdal Malene , Dittman Lars , Dremstrup Kim , Dinesen Birthe
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

More than 37 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with heart failure, which is a growing burden on the health sector. Cardiac rehabilitation aims to improve patients’ recovery, functional capacity, psychosocial well-being, and health-related quality of life. However, cardiac rehabilitation programs have poor compliance and adherence. Telerehabilitation may be a solution to overcome some of these challenges to cardiac rehabilitation by making it more individualized. As part of the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program, a digital toolbox aimed at enabling patients with heart failure to monitor and evaluate their own current status has been developed and tested using data from a patient-reported outcome questionnaire that the patient filled in every alternate week for 1 year.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in quality of life and well-being among patients with heart failure, who are participants in the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program over the course of 1 year.

METHODS

In total, 140 patients were enrolled in the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program and randomized into either the telerehabilitation group (n=70) or the control group (n=70). Of the 70 patients in the telerehabilitation group, 56 (80.0%) answered the patient-reported outcome questionnaire and completed the program, and these 56 patients comprised the study population. The patient-reported outcomes consisted of three components: (1) questions regarding the patients’ sleep patterns assessed using the Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire; (2) measurements of physical limitations, symptoms, self-efficacy, social interaction, and quality of life assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in 10 dimensions; and (3) 5 additional questions regarding psychological well-being that were developed by the research group.

RESULTS

The changes in scores during 1 year of the study were examined using 1-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. There were significant differences in the scores for most of the slopes of the scores from the dimensions of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

There was a significant increase in clinical and social well-being and quality of life during the 1-year period of participating in a telerehabilitation program. These results suggest that patient-reported outcome questionnaires may be used as a tool for patients in a telerehabilitation program that can both monitor and guide patients in mastering their own symptoms.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03388918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03388918
Organisational readiness for the adoption of AI diagnostic tools in clinical workflows – a case study from the National Breast Screening Programme in the East Midlands of England. (Preprint)
Authors: Lennox-Chhugani Niamh , Harris Simon , Moxon Jacqueline , Patel Vipul
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is accelerating but relatively little is yet known about the real-world implementation of AI in clinical workflows.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we have focused on one application of AI as a second reader of breast mammograms in the context of a national breast screening programme. We look at the development and testing of an AI image reading tool for mammograms and the effect of organisational readiness for AI tool adoption. We focus on two aspects of organisational readiness as conceptualised by Weiner (2009) for AI technology specifically and answer the questions (1) what are the views of the technology adopters in a healthcare organisation to the use of AI technology in the case of breast screening? (2) What are some of the emerging organisation factors that are likely to effect adoption and spread and are any unique to AI technology?

METHODS

A prospective mixed methods study of the real-world development of AI tools for use in the National Breast Screening Programme in England. We recruited 67 radiologists and reporting radiographers in four breast screening services and 18 organisational leaders who were the AI project decision-makers. Data was collected using an online survey of breast screening staff (adopters), semi-structured interviews with organisational leaders, participant observation of project meetings and document review. Data regarding organisational and adopter readiness for technology adoption was analysed over the duration of the project.

RESULTS

Sixty-seven clinicians and eighteen organisational leaders participated the study. Commitment to adoption is positive but adopters want to see clinical evidence of AI safety and accuracy. Decision-makers and other organisational adopters do not yet have shared views on their resources, capacity and capability to adopt and spread the technology and significant challenges related to task demands and situational factors emerged during the project causing substantial delays to adoption. The nature of AI and ML technology surfaced novel complexities not encountered by traditional health technology related to explainability and meaningful decision-support.

CONCLUSIONS

The case study shows that adopter commitment in this case and AI technology in breast screening is growing but gaps remain in the collective capability of organisations to adopt these novel technologies.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Zheqing , Yang Luqian , Han Wentao , Wu Yaoyu , Zhang Linhui , Gao Chun , Jiang Kui , Liu Yun , Wu Huiqun
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common endocrine metabolic disease, involving a carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity during pregnancy. The incidence of GDM-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes has declined, in part, due to early screening. Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used to identify risk factors and enable the early prediction of GDM.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and comparison of published prognostic models for predicting the risk of GDM and identify predictors applicable to the models.

METHODS

Four reliable electronic databases were searched for studies that developed ML prediction models for GDM in the general population instead of among high-risk groups only. The novel Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias of the ML models. The Meta-DiSc software program (version 1.4) was used to perform the meta-analysis and determination of heterogeneity. To limit the influence of heterogeneity, we also performed sensitivity analyses, a meta-regression, and subgroup analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 25 studies that included women older than 18 years without a history of vital disease were analyzed. The pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for ML models predicting GDM was 0.8492; the pooled sensitivity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.68-0.69; P<.001; I2=99.6%) and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI 0.75-0.75; P<.001; I2=100%). As one of the most commonly employed ML methods, logistic regression achieved an overall pooled AUROC of 0.8151, while non–logistic regression models performed better, with an overall pooled AUROC of 0.8891. Additionally, maternal age, family history of diabetes, BMI, and fasting blood glucose were the four most commonly used features of models established by the various feature selection methods.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to current screening strategies, ML methods are attractive for predicting GDM. To expand their use, the importance of quality assessments and unified diagnostic criteria should be further emphasized.
Political Partisanship and Antiscience Attitudes in Online Discussions About COVID-19: Twitter Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Rao Ashwin , Morstatter Fred , Hu Minda , Chen Emily , Burghardt Keith , Ferrara Emilio , Lerman Kristina
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus pandemic continues to ravage communities across the United States. Opinion surveys identified the importance of political ideology in shaping perceptions of the pandemic and compliance with preventive measures.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to measure political partisanship and antiscience attitudes in the discussions about the pandemic on social media, as well as their geographic and temporal distributions.

METHODS

We analyzed a large set of tweets from Twitter related to the pandemic, collected between January and May 2020, and developed methods to classify the ideological alignment of users along the moderacy (hardline vs moderate), political (liberal vs conservative), and science (antiscience vs proscience) dimensions.

RESULTS

We found a significant correlation in polarized views along the science and political dimensions. Moreover, politically moderate users were more aligned with proscience views, while hardline users were more aligned with antiscience views. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that polarization grew over time; instead, we saw increasing activity by moderate proscience users. We also show that antiscience conservatives in the United States tended to tweet from the southern and northwestern states, while antiscience moderates tended to tweet from the western states. The proportion of antiscience conservatives was found to correlate with COVID-19 cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings shed light on the multidimensional nature of polarization and the feasibility of tracking polarized opinions about the pandemic across time and space through social media data.
Representaciones sociales de docentes y estudiantes sobre el plan de estudios de un programa de Enfermería
Authors: Bedoya Sandoval Juan Fernando , Medina Agredo Patricia
Published: December 2020

Las representaciones están influenciadas por los estímulos del entorno y se configuran como un aprendizaje social que otorga un sentido a las concepciones y acciones de un grupo; además, se forma un conocimiento y se identifican las opiniones que conducen a las personas a actuar de forma positiva o negativa. El propósito de la investigación fue describir las representaciones sociales de los estudiantes y docentes sobre el plan de estudios del programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, Seccional Palmira durante el segundo semestre del año 2019. Se usó un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, bajo el paradigma hermenéutico con un método de estudio de caso. La población fue de estudiantes (de tercero a décimo semestre) y docentes (del área disciplinar) del programa de Enfermería de una universidad privada de Palmira-Valle. Los resultados evidenciaron que más del 95 % de los estudiantes conocía el plan de estudios del programa, tenía interés en abordar en la asignatura del componente específico y consideraba algunas asignaturas (como las virtuales) poco relevantes para su formación. Se concluyó que el plan de estudios es acorde con la formación en el campo disciplinar de la Enfermería y que podría incluir otros componentes para buscar mejoramiento en algunas necesidades sociales.
TERM-BUILDING PATTERNS IN THE YAKUT LANGUAGE IN THE SPHERE OF LOCAL GOVERNING
Authors:   AYYANA A. FILIPPOVA  North-Eastern Federal University n.a. M.K.Ammosov, FILIPPOVA AYYANA A.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the term-forming affixes of the Yakut language. The focus is made on the Yakut ways of forming the terminological units that build the legislative framework for the local governing system. 3 legislative acts of local government (1997, 2002, 2004), translated from Russian into Yakut and published in the Appendix “Yakutskiye Vedomosti” of the republican newspaper "Yakutia" comprised the material for this study. At the initial stage of the research, a selection of terminological material was made (about 257 terms and term combinations). Then, lexical-semantic, lexico-grammatical methods were used to group the selected tokens in accordance with term-forming patterns. The obtained results enabled to demonstrate higher frequency of compound terminological units compared to one-word tokens. Another finding was higher occurrence of complex terms (with derivation affixes) as opposed to compound (syntactic-based) patterns. The research has also demonstrated that despite a considerable number of borrowed terms, the Yakut language has a real potential of purely Yakut means of word-building to create the necessary terms.
COMPARING VOICE AND ASPECT CATEGORIES IN OROCHON AND EVENKI
Authors:   Han Youfeng Research Institute for Interethnic Relation, YOUFENG HAN , SHUXIAN MENG ,   Meng Shuxian Department of National Affairs of Ethnic Minorities, MOROZOVA OLGA N. ,   Olga N. Morozova Amur State University, IVANASHKO YULIA P. ,   Yulia P. Ivanashko Amur State University, PROTSUKOVICH ELENA A. ,   Elena A. Protsukovich Amur State University, ANDROSOVA SVETLANA V. ,   Svetlana V. Androsova Amur State University, BULATOVA Nadezhda Ya. ,   Nadezhda Ya. Bulatova Institute of Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: December 2020

Comparing voice and aspect categories in Orochon and EvenkiThe current article presents the results of examining the Orochon voice and aspect verb categories, their meaning and forming patterns. First, The dataresulting from the comparison of Orochon and Evenki verb categories reveal considerable similarity of the grammatical systems of the two closely related languages. First, voice category analysis demonstrates its general similarity. The reflexive voice not previously registered in the Orochon language, according to our field materials, is present there. The grammatical category of voice in the compared languages is formed by means of affixes; the affix forms mostly correlate with the exception of the imperative and cooperative voice where interchange of sounds is found within the affixes. Secondly, aspect types do not correspond in the two languages. Five aspect types demonstrate the correlation in meaning and formation. Nevertheless, each language has aspects which are notpresented in the other. The affixes of the same aspect types are generally equivalent. However, some aspect forms demonstrate vowel or consonant alternations within the affixes. Finally, larger spectrum of affixes characteristic for the corresponding verb patterns should be noted in Evenki compared to Orochon.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE “HEART” SOMATISM IN STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT LANGUAGES (BASED ON KHAKAS, BURYAT AND KHANTY)
Authors:   MARIA D. CHERTYKOVA Humanitarian Researches and the Sayan-Altay Tyurkologiya of Katanov Khakass State University, CHERTYKOVA MARIA D. , TSYRENOV BABASAN D. ,   BABASAN D. TSYRENOV Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KAKSIN ANDREY D. ,   ANDREY D. KAKSIN Humanitarian Researches and the Sayan-Altay Tyurkologiya of Katanov Khakass State University
Published: December 2020

The article describes lexical, semantic and linguocultural features of the Khakas, Buryat and Khanty phraseological units with the “heart” component. As a significant and basic fragment of the phraseological picture of the world, this layer of the lexical system is formed on the basis of the cultural and ideological competence of the ethnos. The universal feature of somatic phraseological understanding, which has received a figurative expression in the Khakass, Buryat and Khanty linguistic cultures, is that the heart symbolizes not only “a reservoir of experienced emotions and innermost thoughts”, but also the absolute center of everything connected with the human being. At the same time, each of the languages studied contains the national specifics of seeing the world through an associative image of the heart. In Khanty, it is body’s physical need, in Buryat it is a container filled with liquid that can spill over. While experiencing positive emotions, in Khakas, the heart goes up but in Khanty, it falls down and oil flows down it.