bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemodelan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Pulau Sumatera Dengan Menggunakan Regresi Nonparametrik Spline
Authors: Muhgni Mardiyah , Fadly Ferdian , Adnan Arisman , Harison Harison
Published: March 2022

Pengangguran merupakan permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan karena dapat berdampak buruk pada perekonomian suatu daerah tidak terkecuali di Pulau Sumatera. Beberapa provinsi di Pulau Sumatera bahkan memiliki tingkat pengangguran terbuka di atas level nasional. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, diantaranya Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (PE) dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kedua variabel tersebut terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT). Analisis data menggunakan Regresi Nonparametrik Spline, dimana metode ini mampu mengestimasi data yang tidak memiliki pola tertentu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka . Setiap penambahan 1% Pertumbuhan Ekonomi maka akan mengurangi 0,303% TPT. Sementara itu setiap penambahan 1% Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja maka akan mengurangi 0,359% TPT di pulau Sumatera. Model yang dihasilkan mampu menjelaskan 58,2% variasi dari TPT nya (Adj R-Square). Selain itu, penambahan titik knot pada model spline ternyata belum tentu meningkatkan Adj.R-square model. Sementara itu, penentuan titik knot yang tepat dapat meningkatkan Adj. R square dari model yang dihasilkan.
ON THE CIVIL LEGAL NATURE OF “DIGITAL PROPERTY”
Authors: SUKHANOV E.A.
Published: March 2022

On the basis of the various legal regimes of real, obligation, corporate and intellectual rights historically established in continental European private law, the article substantiates the conventionality of the terms “digital property” (“digital assets”) and “digital rights”, which in reality are not a new type objects of civil (property) turnover, requiring the creation of a special civil law regime, and a technical method of fixing property rights defined by law (mainly obligations and corporate), which is possible only with the help of special computer technologies within known information systems. “Cryptocurrency” should not displace official means of payment, and its use in circulation is subject to significant restrictions, the presence of which prevents the establishment of a legal regime for non-cash payments for it.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI ASESMEN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK PADA ANAK USIA DINI BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Permana Setyo Adjie , Hidasari Fitriana Puspa , Yanti Novi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi android untuk membantu guru dalam menilai kemampuan motorik pada anak usia dini. Aplikasi ini nantinya dapat memberikan informasi dalam penilaian kemampuan motorik pada peserta didik yang bisa menjadi nilai hasil yang peserta didik capai. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 13 orang guru TK Islam Bina 45 Pontianak. Pengembangan aplikasi ini yang telah dibuat terlebih dahulu divalidasi 2 orang ahli, 1 ahli materi dan 1 ahli media dimana validitasnya adalah 3,2 dan 3,4 yang di kategorikan layak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian pengembangan (Research and Develompent/R&D). Hasil Uji coba sekala terbatas melibatkan 3 orang guru TK Islam Bina 45 Pontianak menunjukan dalam uji coba aplikasi memenuhi kriteria untuk melanjutkan dalam uji coba skala luas karena persentase rata-rata 92,5%. Hasil uji coba skala luas terhadap 10 orang guru TK Islam Bina 45 Pontianak bahwa media aplikasi asemen kemampuan motorik pada anak usia dini menunjukan persentase rata-rata 93,25%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi kemampuan motorik ini sangat dibutuhkan para guru untuk membantu menilai kemampuan motorik pada anak peserta didik.  Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Aplikasi, Kemampuan, Motorik
LATIHAN WALLPASS BERPASANGAN TERHADAP HASIL KETEPATAN PASSING SEKOLAH SEPAK BOLA (SSB) PUTERA
Authors: Wulandari Fina , . Syamsuramel , . Destriana
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh latihan wallpass berpasangam terhadap ketepatan passing bawah pada siswa Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Putera Sukma Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan metode eksperimen dengan bentuk One Group Pretest Posttest Desain. Subyek yang digunakan 30 orang. Hasil penelitian pada pre test diperoleh rata rata untuk kelompok eksperimen yaitu 5,04, post test diperoleh rata rata untuk kelompok eksperimen  yaitu 6,1. Hasil post test dan pre test didapat perbedaan rata rata 1,06. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian didapat eksperimen T hitung = 14,71 dan T tabel = 1,70. Kesimpulan penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh latihan wallpass berpasangan terhadap hasil ketepatan passing Sekolah Sepak Bola (SSB) Putera Sukma Palembang. Kata kunci: Wallpass berpasangan, passing, sepakbola
Nominalización en quichua santiagueño: del léxico a la cláusula
Authors: Juanatey Mayra
Published: March 2022

El quichua santiagueño (quechua, Argentina) cuenta con sufijos nominalizadores (-q, -na, -sqa) que intervienen en la nominalización léxica y constituyen, a su vez, la principal estrategia de la lengua para introducir cláusulas dependientes. Apoyado en las discusiones teóricas de enfoque tipológico y basado corpus de datos primarios y secundarios, este trabajo se propone trazar para cada estrategia nominalizadora de la lengua una escala que se extiende desde un polo de nominalización clausal hacia otro de nominalización léxica, en función de la distribución de propiedades morfológicas y sintácticas. Se pretende establecer en que punto de la escala cada estrategia traza sus límites, entre la expresión de un ítem léxico y de una cláusula. Este objetivo se diferencia de las descripciones disponibles para otras lenguas de la familia que se han centrado en la distinción entre cláusula finita y nominalizada, no así en las diferencias de estas últimas respecto del léxico derivado. Resulta, asimismo, de crucial importancia tener en consideración las propiedades semánticas de cada construcción. Así, las nominalizaciones orientadas hacia la expresión de un participante podrán conformar ítems léxicos (agente, objeto, instrumento/medio, lugar, cualidad, etc.) y expresar en el plano sintáctico cláusulas relativas, mientras que las nominalizaciones orientadas hacia la expresión de un evento solamente podrán expresar cláusulas de tipo adverbial o de complemento.
La pérdida del espacio público
Authors: Díaz Luis Eduardo
Published: March 2022

El espacio público, manejado como concepto político, permitiría múltiples vinculaciones y mediciones. En este ensayo, el análisis cualitativo del  mismo lo relacionará con la salud y los ingresos laborales. Cuando pierde tamaño, se crean entornos violentos y contratos precarios, afectando la esfera de realización de la libertad y la base donde se apoya el bienestar y la salud pública. Entendido como hábitat y organización de la seguridad social, requiere de diálogo, prevención, regulación e inspección, sin lo cual; no se expandiría suficientemente para enfrentar las amenazas que confronta.
Reseña de “LA PROTECCIÓN SOCIO-LABORAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES AUTÓNOMOS: ENTRE DERECHO NORMAL Y DERECHO DE LA EMERGENCIA”
Authors: Ruiz Carnero Miguel
Published: March 2022

Una de las obras más novedosas en materia laboral y de Seguridad Social es el libro titulado «La protección socio-laboral de los trabajadores autónomos: Entre derecho normal y derecho de la emergencia». Este texto se ha publicado en 2021 en la colección de “Trabajos de investigación”, dirigida por Dña. Belén del Mar López Insua, profesora titular de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social de la Universidad de Granada. La profesora también es autora de esta obra junto al catedrático José Luis Monereo Pérez y la profesora Sara Guindo Morales, que forman parte del cuerpo docente de la Universidad de Granada.
Reseña de "La suficiencia y la sostenibilidad de las pensiones desde una perspectiva internacional: especial atención a las personas mayores"
Authors: Fernández Flores Raquel
Published: March 2022

A finales del año 2021, se produce la publicación en español del libro que lleva por título “La suficiencia y sostenibilidad de las pensiones desde una perspectiva internacional: Especial atención a las personas mayores” (editorial Thomson Reuters Aranzadi, Navarra). La realización de dicho libro se enmarca en diversos proyectos y grupos de investigación competitivos, como los siguientes: “Retos, reformas y financiación del sistema de pensiones: ¿sostenibilidad versus suficiencia?” (RTI2018-094696-B-I00); “Los mayores en el contexto del empleo y la protección social: un reto para el crecimiento y desarrollo económico” (P18-RT-2585); “Las nuevas tecnologías y el impacto en el ámbito laboral y de la seguridad social: el impacto socio-económico de la economía digital” (UMA18 FEDERJA 028); “Políticas de Empleo, Igualdad e inclusión social” (PAIDI SEJ-347); y “Economía y fiscalidad frente al envejecimiento poblacional” (PAIDI SEJ-587).
Los derechos sociales en el cine
Authors: Griñán Doblas Francisco
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis introductorio a la filmografía de Fernando León de Aranoa desde el punto de vista de los derechos sociales y laborales a partir del estreno de ‘El buen patrón’, ganadora de seis premios Goya, entre ellos, mejor película. Inicialmente se repasa la carta de presentación del cineasta con su corto ‘Sirenas’, su impactante desembarco en el largometraje con ‘Familia’, de la mano del productor Elías Querejeta, que lo acompañará en toda su primera etapa hasta la emblemática de ‘Los lunes al sol’. A continuación, se repasa su mirada incisiva en la sociedad actual a través de los perdedores, sus trabajos internacionales basados en adaptaciones de libros y la vuelta a los guiones de la casa con su última película.
DEVELOPMENT OF BULLETIN LEARNING MEDIA ON THE CONCEPT OF FOSSIL FUEL
Authors: Zulfadli Zulfadli , Hanum Latifah , Arisandi Musfira
Published: March 2022

This study aims to develop a bulletin on petroleum material and analyze the feasibility and describe the teacher's response to the bulletin learning media on petroleum material. The research method used is research and development (research and development) with the ADDIE model which consists of five steps, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Data collection was carried out online by distributing a google form questionnaire through the WhatsApp Messenger messaging application to 27 chemistry teachers who teach at the Senior High School (SLTA) of South Aceh Regency. The feasibility of the bulletin media was assessed by two media validators with a percentage of 91.66% with very decent criteria. The percentage of teacher responses to the bulletin media that was developed was 97.94% with a very good category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the bulletin media developed is suitable for use in the petroleum learning process.
ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN C AND B1 LEVELS IN SENDUDUK FRUIT (Melastoma malabathricum L.) USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD
Authors: Putri Rejeki Geubrina , Nasir Muhammad , Gani Abdul
Published: March 2022

The fruit of "senduduk" contains a variety of nutrients and vitamins including vitamin C and B1. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamins C and B1 in young and ripe senduduk fruit that grows in coastal areas and in the mountains. The sample of the fruit was extracted with water. The absorbance of the extract of the fruit was then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry for vitamin C at a wavelength of 250 nm, while for vitamin B1 was measured at 420 nm. The results showed that vitamin C levels were (G1 = 0.34; G2 = 0.29%; P1 = 0.35; and P2 = 0.31)%, vitamin B1 was (G1 = 0.21; G2 = 0, 10%; P1 = 0.28; and P2 = 0.18)%. The results of the study can be concluded that there is a significant difference in vitamin C levels between young and old fruit, but it is not significantly different for the difference in the place of growth. There is a significant difference in vitamin B1 levels between young and ripe senseng fruit.
Promosi Media Cetak Company Profile Jamu Godhog Merapi Farma Herbal dalam Fotografi Komersial
Authors: Pamungkas Gunung
Published: March 2022

Company profile merupakan gambaran umum suatu jati diri sebuah perusahaan yang berisi keunggulan perusahaan sehingga orang tertarik untuk melihatnya. Kegunaan fotografi dalam dunia komersial adalah mengiklankan suatu produk atau jasa yang ditawarkan suatu perusahaan untuk masyarakat umum. Penguasaan teknik fotografi akan sangat membantu dalam menyampaikan pesan yang ingin disampaikan dalam penciptaan. Fotografi komersial identik dengan fotografi iklan. Keduanya mempunyai tujuan yang sama yaitu menyalurkan informasi sehingga dapat tersampaikan kepada calon konsumen. Promosi media cetak dipilih sebagai media yang tepat. Selain untuk menginformasikan tentang produk jamu godhog juga untuk mengetahui proses produksi dan tempat pada perusahaan Merapi Farma Herbal. Penciptaan ini dipilih sebagai bentuk media promosi company profile jamu godhog Merapi Farma Herbal, karya ini memperlihatkan proses produksi, suasana perusahaan dan produk jamu godhog yang ditata sedemikian rupa sehingga menampilkan karya foto yang berbeda dengan foto yang lainnya. Setiap karya yang dibuat mempunyai maksud dan tujuan yang jelas, kesiapan dalam pembuatan karya foto akan menghasilkan karya yang bermakna dan berkesan baik bagi pengkarya maupun bagi konsumen itu sendiri. Bentuk pada karya penciptaanini diterapkan sebagai media cetak buku company profiledalam bentuk promosi perusahaan Merapi Farma Herbal.
MODEST FASHION ITANG YUNASZ DALAM FOTOGRAFI KOMERSIAL
Authors: Priyambodo Dhimo Kukuh
Published: March 2022

The creation of the photographic work modest fashion Itang Yunasz in commercial photography will discuss how modest fashion Itang Yunasz is displayed in a visual that attracts consumers by highlighting the characteristics of clothing according to the target market. The object in the creation of this photographic work is a fashion label that is under the auspices of Itang Yunasz namely "Kamilla by Itang Yunasz", "Allea by Itang Yunasz", and "Itang Yunasz Ready To Wear". The results of the creation of this work of art, it was found that fashion photography requires a high budget, both in terms of models that must be professional, locations that must be prepared and accessories used to support photographed, because in the world of professional fashion work is needed in the seriousness of work. In addition, it was found the importance of harmonizing the theme of the clothes with the location to be used, so that between clothes and background will create a visual that appeals to market share.
Dampak Sampah Plastik terhadap Hewan yang direpresentasikan pada Tubuh Manusia
Authors: Puspita Maria Paragita , Wulandari Arti , Syaifudin .
Published: March 2022

The Impact of Plastic Waste on Animals Represented on the Human Body. Expression refers to an artist’s inner feelings, or ideas. In addition to being a medium of expression, photos can be a medium of messaging. The easiest way to describe the intent or message of a photo is making the addition of properties related to the object as a supporting element. The creation of this photo work shows the impact of plastic waste on animal life through visual language on the human body. Plas- tic waste and the human body become very important objects in creation process. Plastic waste is a lightweight and durable object that is no longer used. The human body was chosen to express and represent how harmed and injured animals feel from the impact of plastic waste. Representation is the act of representing, describing or symbolizing objects and/or processes. The result of this photo creation is expected to represent the embodiment of the idea of what if humans feel the same way animals feel because of the impact of plastic waste.ABSTRAKEkspresi merupakan ungkapan batin, perasaan, atau gagasan seorang seniman. Selain menjadi media ekspresi, foto bisa menjadi media penyampaian pesan. Cara yang paling mudah untuk menggambarkan maksud atau pesan dari sebuah foto dengan penambahan properti yang berhubungan dengan objek sebagai elemen pendukung. Artikel ini bertujuan menjabarkan penciptaan karya fotografi yang menampilkan dampak sampah plastik terhadap kehidupan hewan dengan objek tubuh manusia. Sampah plastik dan tubuh manusia menjadi objek penelitian dalam pembuatan karya ini. Metode perwujudan karya yang dilakukan adalah pencarian ide, pemotretan, editing, kurasi foto, penyajian karya foto. Hasil karya memperlihatkan bagaimana tubuh manusia mengekspresikan dan merepresentasikan perasaan hewan-hewan yang mati dan terluka karena dampak sampah plastik.
Public-Private Partnership as a Model of Public Infrastructure Development
Authors: Bednyakov A. S.
Published: March 2022

A public-private partnership (PPP), a long-term pooling of public and private partners’ resources, sharing risks, responsibilities, and results, is a successful tool employed in many countries to develop public infrastructure. The article argues that PPP is the optimal cooperation between the state and private sectors to solve social and economic problems. Even though PPP as the phenomenon of the modern economy appeared not too long ago, it had objective prerequisites, including the prior forms of cooperation between the state and individuals. The study of these prerequisites reveals the development patterns of PPP development, including its effectiveness, that allows politicians to harness them to develop an optimal state policy in the area. The article provides a comparative analysis of the PPP abroad to assess the intermediate results of the PPP development in Russia. In many countries (Canada, France, and Great Britain), a PPP as an economic model for developing the infrastructure complex has proved its viability and significantly contributes to social and economic development. It is essential that in addition to direct economic effects, a publicprivate partnership might result in indirect influence, including a positive impact on institutional development. Public-private partnership in Russia has not yet found wide application for improving the infrastructure complex. Therefore, it does not have enough impact on economic development. Despite the large volume of research on PPP, there are few comparative studies of PPP development in countries at different levels of socio-economic development. Relying on the conducted study of PPP in Russia and the leading foreign countries, the strategic model of PPP proposed by the author as well as broader foreign experience in PPP, the article provides recommendations aimed at better utilization of the opportunities provided by fostering of this form of cooperation between the state and individuals and increasing its role in the economic development of Russia.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on World Politics
Authors: Lebedeva M. M.
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the world, affecting all socio-economic and political spheres. Over two years of the pandemic, numerous studies have examined many of its aspects. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected and will still affect world politics.

The article's research question is: how has the COVID-19 pandemic affected world politics in general? The article To understand the world political consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the following parameters were analyzed: 1) the impact of the pandemic on the (mega)trends of world political development globalization / de-globalization, integration/ disintegration, democratization / de-democratization, 2) the political organization of the world, which includes three primary levels: a) the principles of the Westphalian system, the main of which is the principle of sovereignty; b) the system of interstate relations; c) the political systems of individual states. The choice of these analysis parameters is explained in the article.

States have used various strategies to deal with the pandemic, directed towards isolationism. At the same time, the polarization of the population increased. The system of interstate interaction has not fundamentally changed despite the difficulties that have arisen. The processes of de-globalization have intensified due to the policy of states towards isolationism. At the same time, globalization understood as transnationalization, manifested itself in the active use of digital communication technologies in various fields, including at the international (transnational) level. In turn, the megatrend of democratization was expressed in the activities of volunteers, the opening of access to performances, lectures, museum exhibits on online platforms.

In general, it is shown that the world's political organization has not undergone significant changes as a result of the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the pandemic, the trends that emerged even before it began have continued and intensified. At the same time, the rapid development of previously formed processes has led to a sharp increase in social, economic, and political contradictions, and as a result – polarization on many grounds in world politics, which creates a potential danger of conflict development.
The role of Internet intermediaries in combatting cybercrime: Organisation and liabilities
Authors: Sorbán Kinga
Published: March 2022

Even though the internet is a very useful asset to everyday life, it can facilitate crime as it can beused to achieve unlawful goals. Stepping up against cybercrime effectively requires extensiveinternational cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the private sector, and betweenthe law enforcement agencies themselves. Internet intermediary service providers such as ISPs,hosting providers and search engine providers are in a special position when it comes to tacklingcybercrime: they have to balance carefully between protecting the rights of their users (such as theright to privacy or free speech) and exercising corporate responsibility to prevent and respond tocybercrimes. These providers are sometimes indispensable participants of a successfulinvestigation, because they are the entities that are in a position to provide data to law enforcementagencies and carry out blocking orders. One of the aims of this paper is to give a short overview ofthose voluntary and obligatory actions that the providers take in order to support the investigativeprocess in Hungary. Besides these actions that stem from the social responsibility and legallyenacted obligations, the providers may also be held liable for the actions of third parties (althoughthey may be exempted if certain conditions are met). The second aim of this paper is to analyze thetwofold nature of the position of intermediary service providers and to map the arising conflictsbetween their liability and their role as participants of cybercrime investigations.
Design of a web-based learning model: Shifting the accent from knowledge transmission to knowledge construction
Authors: Chiriac Tatiana
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work is to design a web-based learning model using learning techniques based on knowledge construction in order to increase learners’ competency in higher education.
Since knowledge is under a change as a result of improvements in the technology, the learning approaches that levitate around students’ learning activities could be considerably improved by web-based learning environments that switched education from knowledge transmission to knowledge construction. In addition to the development of learning patterns, educational technologies are constantly expanding. Changes produced by universities, course content, quality assurance, educational leadership, cultural and ethical occurrences have to be considered in the development of web-based learning in order to meet their requirements. But even now, much of the web-based learning environments are accomplished without embedding pedagogical considerations based on learning issues and learner-centred paradigm.
This paper analyses and states the principles that could be implemented in a web-based learning model relying on the combination of various aspects of e-learning strategies, pedagogical insights, as well managerial and technological techniques. The key point is the cognitive change that shapes learning behaviour from simple information transmission to a constructivist way. Acting as a present-day educational framework of approaches for effective web-based learning, the research presents a set of steps following the exploration of instructional context concerning learning theories and pedagogical principles of the web-based learning paradigm.
The approaches investigated by this research are settled on the base of specific references, European recommendations, theoretical researches regarding the vision of web-based learning environments, and literature relevant case studies. The paper proposes that, as a part of the shared technology environment, more attention need to be concentrated on developing and reinforcing the collaborative and constructive web-based learning system in higher education. As well, the author brings out the lack of the researches regarding web-based learning applied in higher education of the Republic of Moldova and proposes a particular and modern web-based learning paradigm.
Critical success factors of teaching information systems and accounting as an integrated programme
Authors: Kis Vencel , Böcskei Elvira , Nemeslaki András
Published: March 2022

This paper has been written as a part of an international educational development project deployed in Germany, Moldova and Austria. In this context we explored through two cases how students can be taught at university level for the use of Enterprise Resource Planning and accounting by using an integrated approach. We identified four success criteria to deploy such a program, and systematically analyzed them in a Hungarian and German setting. Our findings confirmed that the role of instructors, the educational background of students, robustness of technology (hardware and software) and the physical facilities all contribute to the efficiency of the learning experience.
E-Democracy and E-Tools of citizen participation on local level in Poland
Authors: Musiał-Karg Magdalena
Published: March 2022

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) brought many changes in various areas of human life. Also, democracy is being influenced by the use of electronic communication technologies, such as the Internet. ICT’s impact on democracy and participation has led to the emergence of specific tools that allow citizens to use electronic tools of political participation. The use of technology in politics is a fascinating example of interaction between technology, public policy and also public opinion. How the law and society respond to advanced technology is worthy of study, particularly in countries, where e-tools of people’s participation are becoming more and more popular among certain groups of political actors. The application of information and communication technologies in political decision-making processes in Poland is relatively new phenomenon – we may say that it has been observed for not more than 15 years. This paper will analyze Polish local practices and also attitudes of the Poles towards selected etools of civic participation on local level. Findings presented in the article prove that it is worth to consider the implementation of new participation solutions, since the society is interested in new convenient forms of participation in public life – not only on the local level but certainly also on the state level as well.
Reflections on the proposals of the European Commission for a digital tax
Authors: Sievering Oliver
Published: March 2022

Digitalisation leads to significant changes in many areas of the economy. Chancellor Angela Merkel believes that the increasing collection and the use of consumer data associated with digitalisation is creating fundamental justice problems. The public debate focuses on the taxation of international digital companies. Facebook and other Internet giants make high profits in Europe, but they are hardly taxed there. In the opinion of many politicians, this is unacceptable - but it complies with the applicable standards of the international tax system. The current corporate tax rules are built on the principle that profits should be taxed where the value is created. The tax rules were mainly conceived in the early 20th century for traditional businesses. They define what triggers a right to tax in a country ("where to tax") and how much of corporate income is allocated to a country ("how much to tax") largely based on having a physical presence in that country and without reflecting the value created by user participation. That means that non-residents for taxation purposes become liable to tax in a country only if they have a presence that amounts to a permanent establishment there. The Commission has made two legislative proposals in 2018. The new rules would ensure that online businesses contribute to public finances at the same level as traditional 'brick-and-mortar' companies. 1. A digital platform will be deemed to have a taxable 'digital presence' or a virtual permanent establishment in a Member State if it fulfils certain criteria. 2. The European Commission intends to introduce a 3% tax on sales through the sale of user data, the provision of online advertising and the provision of online marketplaces. The tax will apply to companies with a total turnover of EUR 750 million worldwide and a digital turnover of EUR 50 million in the EU. The digital tax raises various questions about the justifications. Especially for the export nation Germany, it could turn out to be a dangerous boomerang.
The role of ICT in proverty alleviation in India
Authors: Chopra Sanjay
Published: March 2022

This study examines the role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in combating poverty in a developing country like India. ICT includes a wide range of appliances and applications that facilitate access to information. Over the last couple of decades, quick access to relevant and reliable information has transformed the way the world lives and transacts business, transforming lives in the process. In this study, we examine the current and potential role such access to information has in speeding up India’s fight against poverty.
The traditional view of Poverty describes it as an economic phenomenon, measured in monetary terms. Such a description facilitates its quantification and tracking across time. With the broadening of understanding, poverty has evolved into a multi-dimensional concept, that goes beyond material deprivation to include, among others, illiteracy, vulnerability, powerlessness, gender inequality, social exclusion and a lack of opportunity to fulfil one’s potential.
With these broad definitions, the present study answers the following questions: 1) What is the role of ICT in economic empowerment of the poor including employment and income generation? 2) What is the role of ICT in combating social exclusion especially for women?
Application of computer games in public administration: Learning system analysis and technology society politics with Sid Meyer’s Civilization
Authors: Nemeslaki András , Molnár László , S. Nemeslaki Tas
Published: March 2022

In this paper we explore how Civilization, one of the most popular turn based strategy games, enhances public administration (PA) education for entry level students. We pose the research question, how computer games in PA studies can be aligned systematically with curriculum design, and how they make educational experiences and processes more successful than standard teaching. We present an experiment which ran at the National University of Public Service in Budapest during the academic year of 2017/18 written up in a case study format. We describe the learning objectives of the Government Studies program and the objectives of the Information Society and System Analysis courses, where the students had been exposed to playing Civilization. Our findings suggest promising results using computer games in four aspects of PA: a) effectiveness and efficiency of learning, b) implications of advanced technologies in government studies, c) further applications of computer games (different uses of Civilization and others), d) PA problems that can be solved by games and how this idea is being receipt.
Enabling reliable, interoperable and secure e-Government services in Croatia
Authors: Žagar Martin , Knezović Josip , Mihaljević Branko
Published: March 2022

In accordance with the Croatian Government Decree on starting an e-Citizen project, National Identification and Authentication System (NIAS) was identified as a key enabling factor for the development of user-oriented public electronic services. Its role is to manage the identities in the electronic government ecosystem in the Republic of Croatia. Furthermore, NIAS is responsible for authentication of entities which access common system and the exchange of identity information between entities that communicate with each other through a common system, or exchange documents and data as well as verifying the authenticity of such identities. NIAS provides a credible general framework of trust and identity management which greatly simplifies the necessary infrastructure, organization, and services with significantly reduced costs for all stakeholders. In this paper, we will provide design and security details of NIAS as a basis for reliable, interoperable and secure e-government services in the Republic of Croatia.
Collective intelligence for more inclusive communities
Authors: Tirziu Andreea-Maria , Vrabie Catalin
Published: March 2022

Urban development strategies are more and more centred on citizens’ needs and requirements. In this regard, collective intelligence can be understood as a fundamental element in enhancing the creation and development of more inclusive communities. This paper aims to present various ways in which collective intelligence can contribute to develop smart urban areas, formed by strong inclusive communities, giving as example different cities that have implemented this concept. The methodology used to carry out this research is both bibliographic – opting here to study the work of specialists in the field, authors from Romania and abroad, and empirical – formed by a case study on various smart cities around the world that use the concept mentioned. This type of intelligence is starting to be a very important issue in smart cities’ evolution, improving the relationship between government and citizens. Even though technology is a significant element, citizens and public institutions’ capability and will to collaborate for finding and implementing the best solutions for communities’ problems should also be considered.
Smart Cities 2.0 – Connected city, or how to use technologic infrastructure for improving the quality of life
Authors: Vrabie Catalin
Published: March 2022

The concept of infrastructure related to the smart cities is being used to highlight the physical or social structures together with all the facilities that support the activities of a city helping it being functional. The concept itself refers to roads, railways, access points, buildings, distribution chains, water pipes and electricity lines, and, of course, digital networks. The article is focusing on the connection between the physical infrastructures with the digital ones, presenting, next to a bibliographic research made by the author, few technical solutions implemented successfully in the IoT field of development. In the same time there will be analyzed one of the biggest risks associated with the IoT, and that is related to privacy and security, risk that, due to the exponential growth of the numbers of equipment’s that are nowadays connected to the Internet along with the reduced time left for the developers to release a new product, they are bigger and stronger. The vulnerabilities once discovered do allow hackers to infect the system causing damages that are very difficult to handle – and, like hackers are not enough, governments, as well as marketing companies, are also threatening our privacy.
Introduction of integrity in Hungarian public administration
Authors: Polgár Miklós , Brambauer Zsolt
Published: March 2022

The requirement of integrity is a new area of Hungarian public administration. Better to say, the preludes and principles could be found in administration before its actual legal institution by law.
In this paper I am going to analyse the antecedents of integrity in Hungary, then the areas of evolving of integrity will be shown step by step (e.g. acts, education, and preparation). Later, I will write about the actualities of integrity in Hungary.
At the end of my paper you can read about the results and possibilities of the introduction of integrity in the administration of Hungary.
Electronic services or smart cities – Current experiences and perspectives in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Ručinská Silvia , Fečko Miroslav
Published: March 2022

Smart City solutions are these days applied not only in big, but also in small and medium sized cities in a wide variety of countries worldwide. Also municiplaties in the Slovak Republic are using to a different extent smart city solutions to improve the life of their people. The goal of this paper, based on the premises, that also small and medium sized cities can become Smart City, is to present and analyse good examples of Smart City solutions in the Slovak Republic. The focus will be on the city Kezmarok, which can be considered as a medium sized city and which by implementing existing Smart City solutions from third parties, but mainly by developing innovative solutions directly in the city, can be seen as good example and good practise in the respective field.
Death of “Open Data”? - How Open Data has been realising and/or not realising Open Government
Authors: Kudo Hiroko
Published: March 2022

Open government is a concept of governance, which holds that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight. Some definitions specify the distinction between Open Data and Open Government: Open Government is defined in terms of service delivery and public accountability; and technology can be used to facilitate disclosure of information, but that the use of open data technologies does not necessarily equate accountability.
The paper analyses the relationship between Open Data and Open Government through a case study and tries to understand how the former affected the latter and the role of digital technology. The case is the open data policies and strategies of UK government, especially its application in sports and health related policies in recent years. The preliminary results show positive effect of open data policies on public service delivery, while limited improvement in accountability and mixed result in civic engagement.
Measuring human resources performance using process mining
Authors: Kelemen Robert
Published: March 2022

Performance of human resources is an important issue for managers in profit sector and public sector as well. Performance evaluation can be measured by numerous factors. Traditional approaches are often subjective, and based on descriptive indicators which are hard to measure. Since modern organizations use the information systems to record information about business processes and activities of human resources, it is possible to use this information utilizing process mining techniques to acquire objective information about employees' performance.
This paper reviews the literature and investigates the state of the art trends in human resource performance measuring using process mining, the indicators which are measured, methods, frameworks, main directions of development, and suggested future works.
Safeguards against electoral fraud vs. accessibility and citizens’ convenience – Need for changes in the German electoral system
Authors: Armbruster Evelyn , Pautsch Arne
Published: March 2022

Democratic elections are the basis of democracy. Allegations of electoral fraud lead to protests and violent clashes all over the world. In order to avoid such scenes, the electoral system has to be reliable and transparent. At the same time, voter turnout must be kept high in order to maintain the will of the people in a representative way. However, the required accessibility and citizens’ convenience often seems to be in conflict with system security. Higher safeguards often comes with more formalisation and therefore less flexibility for the individual. This article shows how the German electoral system can be improved, while combining safety standards with citizens’ convenience. For this purpose, significant weaknesses of voting in polling stations, postal vote, the count of votes and digitalization, especially e-voting are identified. To remedy these weaknesses, solutions from various European democracies are presented as reform approaches for the German electoral system.
Acceleration Factor Pandemic: A Synthesis of e-Government Maturity Models and Public Administration Employees' Perspective
Authors: Kaesmayr Julia , Schorn Michael , Steidle Anna
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic and the Online Access Act (Onlinezugangsgesetz – OZG) are forcing Germany's public administration to accelerate digital transformation in general and the digitalization of agencies on federal, state and municipal level in particular. To assess this endeavor’s progress, existing e-Government maturity models were evaluated. The majority of models mainly focus on technical characteristics of an administrative act, while disregarding the importance of (1) public servants, (2) their work situation and (3) organizational processes. It is the latter three determining successful digitalization. Consequently, we fuse previous e-Government maturity models with the individual perspective of public servants including internet-based work, virtualization of teams and societal participation. This paper describes the synthesis of a model, its advantages and limitations including next steps towards its empirical validation.
Open Data in German Municipalities – Between Added Value and Legit Concerns?
Authors: Bürger Tobias , Hoch Annegret , Scheller Henrik
Published: March 2022

The corona pandemic has shown that open data can have an added value for cities in dealing with the global pandemic. In May 2020, we conducted a municipal survey in which officials responsible for data coordination and publication in cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants stated that open data could have an advantage in combating the corona pandemic, for example by informing its citizens and providing local open data to a wider public. Despite these positive assessments, the provision and use of open data in Germany still varies greatly in German municipalities. Against this background, the paper highlights the different perspectives of cities and municipalities on the topic of open data, including: (1) assessments of the opportunities and risks of open data in the municipality, (2) references to the political factors that have favoured or hindered the provision of open data, and (3) desired support for municipalities to conceptualize and implement their own open data strategy. Our research aims to provide suggestions for and perspectives on why the municipal level in Germany finds it so difficult to implement innovative approaches to data management as part of their digitization efforts.
How Open Source Tools Could Help Remote Learning during the First Lockdown in Hungary? – Case Study of University of Public Service
Authors: László Gábor , Szakos Judit
Published: March 2022

This paper analyses how these open source tools could help remote learning at the University of Public Service during the spring semester in 2020 and how their usage rise significantly compared with the previous period.
Covid-19 has had serious consequences in all aspects of people's everyday life – including higher education. Forced emergency responses made a significant impact on the digital transformation of higher education. In Hungary, the University of Public Service switched from attendance education to remote learning within ten days.
Using case study methodology, this paper analyses how open source software usage changed at the first lockdown. The transformation period was between 12-22 March 2020, and online education started on 23 March 2020. The end of the examined period is the end of the 2020 autumn semester. The examined institute is the University of Public Service. This research focuses only open source tools, including the already utilized accessed Moodle course management system.
This paper is highlighting the relevance of the usage of open source software in the given timeframe. The "public money – public code" principle is also emphasized as one which could be an especially key issue in the University of Public Service as this institute prepares students to work as public servants in the future.
Covid-19 and Digital Rights in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine
Authors: Mîrza Radu
Published: March 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused tensions between protecting public health and upholding fundamental rights and freedoms, resulting in high-pressure on digital rights. Extending existing human rights and freedoms to cyberspace has more than ever come to the fore.
In some cases, authorities succeeded in guaranteeing the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms online. But they fell short in many others, in particular, regarding the right to education, due process rights, the right to privacy. More, some authorities used the pandemic to crack down on digital rights. This is especially true about the freedom of expression.
Analysing the digital rights crisis in Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, reveals different approaches in each country to the above-mentioned cases. In order to get over the crisis, such complexity urges extensive legal, political and social transformations. Hence, this brief identifies the necessary transformations and provides guidance to undergo them, highlighting among the most significant: adopting a rights-based approach, countering the digital divide, increasing transparency over the internet, enhancing data security and protection.
Insufficient Conditions for Distance Learning in Germany Exacerbate Educational Inequity
Authors: Sievering Oliver
Published: March 2022

Every three years, the OECD conducts the so-called PISA studies (Programme for International Student Assessment), the largest international studies of school performance. These studies test whether participating pupils can apply their acquired knowledge and link information in a meaningful way - key competencies for being successful in the information society of the 21st century. Some 600,000 pupils from 79 countries and regions participated in the latest 2018 PISA test. In the first test, conducted in 2000, Germany's pupils performed poorly, but now they achieve above-average results. But of concern to german education policymakers is the substantial achievement gap between pupils from favorable socioeconomic backgrounds and those from unfavorable social backgrounds in Germany. Although there has been progress since the first study in 2000, there have been setbacks in recent years. Further setbacks could follow. Due to the Corona crisis, schools had to be closed for several weeks. At short notice and without preparation distance learning was prescribed. However, Germany is not sufficiently prepared for this. In an international comparison, the technical equipment in schools, a prerequisite for sustainable "digital" learning success for pupils, is not particularly good. Pupils' conditions at home, especially among disadvantaged pupils, are also often not conducive to successful distance learning. They are less well equipped with PCs and laptops, have less access to the Internet, receive significantly less support from their parents, and their housing conditions are much more cramped. This raises fears that social selectivity could increase.