bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Скрывание» женщины: Повседневная и обрядовая практика у народов Средней Азии
Authors:   Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra asijských studií, Křížkovského 14, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Rep., Hejzlarová Tereza , Starostina Olga ,   Department of Ethnography of the Peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Russian Museum of Ethnography, Inzhenernaya 4/1, 191011 St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2021

The study presents an analysis of traditional forms of clothing serving for women’s veiling in Central Asia in the period from the second half of the 19th century to the 20th century, focusing on its occurrence and importance in both everyday and ceremonial practices. The study addresses particular types of veiling, their common features, and differences related to the manner of wearing, as well as the materials and the decorative designs used. An important part of the study is a catalogue representing individual types of clothing from the above determined period from the museum collections of the Russian Museum of Ethnography in St. Petersburg and the National Museum – the Náprstek Museum in Prague.
Základní vojenská služba po roce 1968 jako nástroj výchovy k občanství: indoktrinace a ideologizace v narativní reflexi
Authors:   Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR, v. v. i., Vlašská 355/9, 118 00 Praha, Hlaváček Jiří
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to analyse the narratives of conscripts focused on the relationship between the army and ruling ideology between 1968 and 2004. The first part is devoted to the reflection of various forms of interaction between the army and ideology at the level of official and public discourse. The second part is focused on the mapping of specific forms and narratives related to the phenomenon of compulsory military service, including the question of its importance for conscripts. The main sources of analysis are narrative and semi-structured oral history interviews with 100 conscripts, who had experience with compulsory military service between 1968 and 2004.
COVID-19, CARE AND CHAOS: A MEDICAL STUDENT’S EXPERIENCE OF THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors:   University College London, Karia Janvi
Published: November 2021

A few days after Christmas, we received an email from the medical school calling for help with the COVID-19 patients on the intensive care (ITU) ward for the upcoming week. I did not pay much attention to this email, thinking that as a medical student I was underqualified and would be of no help to the skilled nurses and doctors. However, the following week we received another plea from the hospital for any help that medical students could provide as the number of COVID-19 cases continued to soar upwards. I realised that while I was not going to be in charge of saving lives any time soon, signing up would be far more helpful than just sitting at home twiddling my thumbs and complaining about not being able to see my family. Uncharacteristically, I dived into the deep end and signed up for my first 12-hour night shift, which is when ICU needed the most help.
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS DUCK EGGS OF LOCAL BREED SHAOXING
Authors: DZHUS Pavlyna , SYDORENKO Olena , CHEN Bindan , LI Liumeng
Published: November 2021

The efficiency of industrial poultry farming within the optimization of poultry technology, depends on the level of genetic potential of the flock. Selection features of Shaoxing ducks make this kind optimal for its breeding in the People's Republic of China. The study aims to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of Shaoxing duck eggs, which are bred on the breeding farm of Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, China. The weight, length, width of the eggs and the index of the egg shape have been determined. An individual method of counting the number of eggs laid by ducks of the Shaoxing breed for 4 adjacent months has been implemented. The average weight of the egg is 67.45 ± 0.22 g with limit values lim max = 89 g lim min = 45 g. The average value of egg length is 6.02 ± 0.01 cm, width – 4.45 ± 0.01 cm. The duck egg shape index is 74.01 ± 0.12. Thereby systematic individual studies of morphometric parameters of eggs will increase the effect of selection by expanding the indicators of lifelong assessment of the uterine population of ducks. Selection of queens for the breeding core of the breed according to the indicators of manufacturability of morphometric parameters of eggs will increase the incubation yield of ducklings and, accordingly, will be one of the effective mechanisms to ensure economic profitability of breeding Shaoxing ducks.
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS IN A MAIZE-FARMING SYSTEM UNDER CLIMATE RISKS IN MALAWI
Authors: MAGRETA Ruth , NG’ONG’OLA Henderson , MANGISONI Julius , MACHILA Kennedy , GBEGBELEGBE Sika
Published: November 2021

Using household data from Lilongwe districts, along with crop phenology, agronomic management and climatic data from Chitedze Research Station, the Target-MOTAD and DSSAT-CSM models examined the resource allocation decisions of smallholder farmers in maize farming systems under climate risk in Malawi. Specific aims were to evaluate the ability of DSSAT to predict and collate DTM and non-DTM yields under climatic risk and to use a bio-economic procedure developed using DSSAT and Target-MOTAD to explore the impact of climatic risk on allocation of resources to DTM and non-DTM production. The paper argues that higher average yields observed from DTM varieties make it the most optimal maize production plan, in maximizing household incomes, food security, and minimizing deviations from the mean while meeting the set target incomes of farmers compared to non-DTM varieties. The multidisciplinary nature of this paper has contributed to the body of research by providing a powerful analytical procedure of modelling farmers’ resource allocation decisions in maize based farming systems in Malawi. This study necessitates the use of a combination of biophysical and economic procedures when evaluating promising lines prior to variety release in order to identify the high yielding variety that will continuously bring sustained profits to the farmers amidst climate change.
Synthesis of a comprehensive population code for contextual features in the awake sensory cortex
Authors: Lyall Evan H , Mossing Daniel P , Pluta Scott R , Chu Yun Wen , Dudai Amir , Adesnik Hillel
Published: November 2021

How cortical circuits build representations of complex objects is poorly understood. Individual neurons must integrate broadly over space, yet simultaneously obtain sharp tuning to specific global stimulus features. Groups of neurons identifying different global features must then assemble into a population that forms a comprehensive code for these global stimulus properties. Although the logic for how single neurons summate over their spatial inputs has been well explored in anesthetized animals, how large groups of neurons compose a flexible population code of higher-order features in awake animals is not known. To address this question, we probed the integration and population coding of higher-order stimuli in the somatosensory and visual cortices of awake mice using two-photon calcium imaging across cortical layers. We developed a novel tactile stimulator that allowed the precise measurement of spatial summation even in actively whisking mice. Using this system, we found a sparse but comprehensive population code for higher-order tactile features that depends on a heterogeneous and neuron-specific logic of spatial summation beyond the receptive field. Different somatosensory cortical neurons summed specific combinations of sensory inputs supra-linearly, but integrated other inputs sub-linearly, leading to selective responses to higher-order features. Visual cortical populations employed a nearly identical scheme to generate a comprehensive population code for contextual stimuli. These results suggest that a heterogeneous logic of input-specific supra-linear summation may represent a widespread cortical mechanism for the synthesis of sparse higher-order feature codes in neural populations. This may explain how the brain exploits the thalamocortical expansion of dimensionality to encode arbitrary complex features of sensory stimuli.
Protein allocation and utilization in the versatile chemolithoautotroph Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Jahn Michael , Crang Nick , Janasch Markus , Hober Andreas , Forsström Björn , Kimler Kyle , Mattausch Alexander , Chen Qi , Asplund-Samuelsson Johannes , Hudson Elton Paul
Published: November 2021

Bacteria must balance the different needs for substrate assimilation, growth functions, and resilience in order to thrive in their environment. Of all cellular macromolecules, the bacterial proteome is by far the most important resource and its size is limited. Here, we investigated how the highly versatile 'knallgas' bacterium Cupriavidus necator reallocates protein resources when grown on different limiting substrates and with different growth rates. We determined protein quantity by mass spectrometry and estimated enzyme utilization by resource balance analysis modeling. We found that C. necator invests a large fraction of its proteome in functions that are hardly utilized. Of the enzymes that are utilized, many are present in excess abundance. One prominent example is the strong expression of CBB cycle genes such as Rubisco during growth on fructose. Modeling and mutant competition experiments suggest that CO2-reassimilation through Rubisco does not provide a fitness benefit for heterotrophic growth, but is rather an investment in readiness for autotrophy.
CA1 pyramidal cell diversity is rooted in the time of neurogenesis
Authors: Cavalieri Davide , Angelova Alexandra , Islah Anas , Lopez Catherine , Bocchio Marco , Bollmann Yannick , Baude Agnès , Cossart Rosa
Published: November 2021

Cellular diversity supports the computational capacity and flexibility of cortical circuits. Accordingly, principal neurons at the CA1 output node of the murine hippocampus are increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous population. Their genes, molecular content, intrinsic morpho-physiology, connectivity, and function seem to segregate along the main anatomical axes of the hippocampus. Since these axes reflect the temporal order of principal cell neurogenesis, we directly examined the relationship between birthdate and CA1 pyramidal neuron diversity, focusing on the ventral hippocampus. We used a genetic fate-mapping approach that allowed tagging three groups of age-matched principal neurons: pioneer, early-, and late-born. Using a combination of neuroanatomy, slice physiology, connectivity tracing, and cFos staining in mice, we show that birthdate is a strong predictor of CA1 principal cell diversity. We unravel a subpopulation of pioneer neurons recruited in familiar environments with remarkable positioning, morpho-physiological features, and connectivity. Therefore, despite the expected plasticity of hippocampal circuits, given their role in learning and memory, the diversity of their main components is also partly determined at the earliest steps of development.
Concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in adults with chronic heart failure
Authors: Gorący Iwona , Rębacz-Maron Ewa , Korbecki Jan , Gorący Jarosław
Published: November 2021

Background

The study investigated the relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the blood serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the potential influence on the development and progression of HF.

Material & methods

The study included 214 patients (155 men and 59 women), aged 40–87 years, presenting symptoms or signs typical of HF (according to the NYHA functional classification). Serum concentrations were determined for Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (CH), high density protein (HDL), low density protein (LDL). The levels of macro-and microminerals were analysed using inductively coupled serum optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

Results

Our study confirmed the role of known risk factors in the development of heart failure, including: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides (TG), high total cholesterol (CH), high levels of low density protein (LDL) and reduced levels of high density protein (HDL), high CRP, high creatinine. Moreover, deficient serum concentrations of Mg (47% of the studied men and 54% of the women) and Cu (in 44% of men and more than 30% of women) were observed, as well as subnormal serum Fe (2% of women) and Zn (1% of men). Elevated serum Ca was found in 50% of men and 49% of women. In 44% of the studied men and 52% of the studied women, P levels in serum were also above-average. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum levels of Ca and Mg, and also Ca and Cu in women. In men, serum Cu was positively correlated with Mg and Ca concentrations. In patients from group 1 (NYHA I–II), Mg content was positively correlated with Ca and Cu. In this patient group, Ca was also positively associated with Cu content in serum. In group 2 (NYHA III-IV), serum Mg concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of Cu and Ca.

Conclusions

Changes in the serum concentrations of macro-and microminerals may significantly affect the severity of HF in Polish patients.
Determination of Computer Game and Academic Motivations In Children And Adolescents
Authors: AYYILDIZ DURHAN Tebessüm , GÖKÖREN Volkan , AKGÜL Beyza Merve , KARAKÜÇÜK Suat
Published: November 2021

Araştırmanın amacı; çocukların ve ergenlerin bilgisayar oyunlarına yönelik motivasyonları ve akademik motivasyonlarının belirlenmesi, aralarındaki ilişki ve etkinin incelenmesi, çeşitli değişkenlerle farklılaşma durumlarının incelenmesidir.
Gazi Üniversitesi etik kurulu 23.03.2021 tarih, 05 sayılı 2021-380 kodlu etik iznine tabi olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya 353 çocuk ve ergen katılımcı dahil olmuşken, nicel yöntemle tasarlanmış araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeliyle
ortaya koyulmuştur. Veriler demografik soru formunun yanı sıra “Bilgisayar Oyunları Motivasyonu Ölçeği ve Akademik Motivasyon Ölçeği” ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiş, parametrik testler uygulanmıştır.
Uygulanan testler betimsel analizler, bağımsız örneklem T-testi, Tek yönlü varyans analizi Anova, Pearson Korelasyon Testi ve Çoklu Regresyon Testidir. Grup içi farklılıklar post hoc testleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular
bilgisayar oyunları motivasyonunun ortalama değerlerin altında olduğunu (2,71±1,02) akademik motivasyonun ise ortalamanın üzerinde olduğunu göstermektedir (3,44±0,86). Çalışmada yer alan cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, eğitim, şehir, tercih
edilen oyun, oyun oynarken tercih edilen cihaz, oyun oynama yılı, günlük oyun-ders çalışma-fiziksel aktivite ve kitap okuma süreleri ile bilgisayar oyunları motivasyonunun ve akademik motivasyonların anlamlı biçimde farklılaştığı
belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bilgisayar oyunları motivasyonu ile akademik motivasyonların negatif yönlü zayıf bir ilişkisi olduğu, bilgisayar oyunları motivasyonunun ise akademik motivasyonu anlamlı biçimde yordadığı saptanmıştır.
Bulguların günlük zamanının çoğunu bilgisayar başında geçiren çocuk ve gençlerin akademik olarak motive olmaları adına daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç olduğunu gözler önüne serdiği düşünülmektedir.
A Need Analysis for Solfege-Dictation-Theory Course According to The Views of Instrument Teachers
Authors: EYÜBOĞLU Yiğit Can
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, çalgı dersi öğretmenlerinin görüşleri alınarak Yüksek Öğretim Kurumlarına Bağlı Müzik ve Bale Ortaokulları Müzik Bölümünde yürütülen Solfej-Dikte-Teori dersi için ihtiyaç belirleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Durum çalışması
olarak tasarlanan bu araştırmada öğretmen görüşlerini almak için veri toplama süreci 28 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde tamamlanan anket uygulanmış ve doküman analizi yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler betimsel ve içerik analiziyle bulgulara dönüştürülmüştür.
Bulgulara göre hazırlanan sonuç kısmında Solfej-Dikte-Teori dersinin amacı, içeriği ve öğretme öğrenme süreci belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuca göre Solfej-Dikte-Teori dersinin amaçları şöyle sıralanabilir: Müzikal cümleleme becerisini
ve müzikalitesini geliştirmek, Ritm duygusunu ve nota okuma becerisini geliştirmek, Metronom kullanma alışkanlığı kazandırmak, Literatürdeki önemli eserleri öğretmek (Türk bestecileri dahil), Entonasyon farkındalığı kazandırmak,
Deşifre ve işitme becerileri ile melodik hafızasını geliştirmek, Müzikal terimleri, ölçü ve tartım, tonalite ve aralık bilgilerini öğretmek, Bir eserin formunu anlamasını sağlamak. solfej-dikte-teori dersinin içeriği şu konuları
kapsamalıdır: aralıklar, tonal diziler, kromatik ve modal diziler, üç ve dört sesli akorlar ile bunların çevrimleri, akor bağlanışları ve modülasyon. Dersin içeriği literatürdeki eserlerden beslenerek oluşturulmalı ve o eserlerin
bütün özellikleri (dinamikler, artikülasyonlar, tonalite, akorlar, ritmik özellikler, form vb.) barındırmalıdır. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak, öğrenenlerin çalgı derslerinde çalıştıkları eserlerin Solfej-Dikte-Teori dersinin içeriğine
eklenmesi önerilmektedir. Öğretme-öğrenme sürecine dair sonuçlar ise; bu süreç notaları okuma ve anlama becerisi odağında şekillenmelidir, eğitici oyunlara yer verilmelidir, Derslerde, öğrencilerin çalgılarını da kullanabilecekleri
etkinlikler düzenlenmelidir, teorik her konunun uygulamasına yer verilmelidir. Dikte çalışmalarının aşamalı bir şekilde, öğrenende mutlak işitmenin hedeflendiği bir süreç içinde çalışılması gerekmektedir. Buna ek olarak, dikte
çalışmaları çalınanı duymanın yanında, yanlışı farkedebilme becerisine de odaklanmalıdır. Seslendirme çalışmaları orkestra şefi vuruşuyla yapılmalıdır.
A Case of Trephination from Kale Eteği Necropolis (Şanlıurfa) Rock-Cut Chamber Tomb
Authors: TEKELİ Evrim , DEMİR Müslüm
Published: November 2021

Kale Eteği Nekropolü, Şanlıurfa İli, Eyyubiye İlçesi, Yakubiye Mahallesi Haleplibahçe Mevkiinde yer almaktadır. 11.680 metrekarelik bir alana sahip olan bu nekropol, yan yana yerleştirilmiş kaya mezar odalarına sahiptir. Bu bölgede
yapılan kazıların ilk sezonu 2014 yılında, ikinci sezonu ise Ağustos 2015'te gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kale Eteği yamacının doğu ve batısında inşa edilmiş, M.S. II-VI. yüzyılları arası döneme (Geç Roma-Erken Bizans) tarihlendirilen
toplam 76 adet kaya mezar odası iki sezonda ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018 yılında Şanlıurfa Müze Müdürlüğü tarafından kazı ve temizlik çalışmalarının gerçekleştirildiği Kale Eteği Nekropolü M33 freskli mezar odasının
batı kısmından ele geçirilen 3 bireyin kafatasındaki trepanasyon bulgusunu incelemektir. Trepanasyon veya baş delgi ameliyatı, tarihte bilinen en eski cerrahi uygulamalardan birisidir. Trepanasyon, canlı bireylerde beyne, beyin
zarlarına ve kan damarlarına zarar vermeden kafatasından parçaların çıkarılması işlemidir. Trepanasyon sadece yaşayan bireylere değil, ölmüş birinin kafatasında farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda uygulanan bir operasyondur. Tedavi ve
ritüel amaçlı yapılan bu operasyon, Anadolu’da hem yaşayan hem de ölü insan kafataslarına Neolitik dönemden Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dönemine kadar uygulanmıştır. Geç Paleolitik dönemden itibaren dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde trepanasyon
uygulaması görülmektedir. Çeşitli aletler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen trepanasyon işleminde kesme, kazıma, delme ve kanal açma gibi belirli teknikler kullanılmıştır. Çalışma materyalini oluşturan trepanasyonlu örnekler makroskobik
olarak incelenmiş ve radyolojik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. 1 genç erişkin ve 2 orta erişkin iki bireye ait kafatasının farklı kısımlarında delme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Radyolojik incelemeler sonucunda, her 3 bireyin kafatasındaki
trepanasyon deliği çevresinde iyileşme izine rastlanmamıştır. İyileşme izinin olmaması, bu operasyonun bireyler öldükten sonra yapıldığını veya bireylerin ameliyattan hemen sonra öldüğünü göstermektedir. Kale Eteği Nekropolü’nden
elde edilen ve ‘delme’ tekniğiyle yapılmış trepanasyon bulgusu, Anadolu’da bulunan trepanasyon literatürüne katkı sunmaktadır.
Examining Undergraduates’ Smartphone Addiction Studying in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: ASİT Gülay , BATUR Özgür
Published: November 2021

Akıllı telefonların hayatımıza dahil olduğu 1990’lı yıllardan bugüne küresel marketin de aracılığıyla tüm dünyada dikkate alınacak oranda takip edilmekte ve sahiplenilmektedir. İçinde bulunduğumuz teknoloji çağında insan hayatını kolaylaştıran
ürünlerin olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri bilinmekte ve geniş çaplı olarak araştırılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, akıllı telefonlardan en çok etkilenen gruplardan biri olan lisans öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeylerini
ölçmektir. Araştırma; Şar ve diğerleri (2015) tarafından geliştirilen, dört faktörlü, 30 maddeli ve 5’li Likert tip olan Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılarak, yerleşkesi Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bulunan Girne
Amerikan Üniversitesi’nde yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğe ait faktörlerden en yüksek bağımlılık değerleri Kendini Rahatlatma faktöründe, en düşük bağımlılık değerleri ise Kullanımı Engelleyememe faktöründe ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına
göre katılımcıların; cinsiyet, GSM operatör tercihi, internet paketi, öğrenim görülen fakülte ve aylık kişisel harcama değişkenleri ve akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeylerinde anlamlı fark tespit edilmemiştir. Diğer taraftan; yaş,
eğitim görülen sınıf düzeyi, aylık telefon faturası için ödenen tutar, telefon değiştirme sıklığı, telefon değiştirme nedeni, kullanılan telefonun markası, telefon markasının tercih edilme nedeni, telefonu kullanma amacı ve tercih
edilen sosyal medya sitelerine ve akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyi ile anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Yaş arttıkça bağımlılığın azaldığı, ikinci sınıf öğrencilerinde bağımlığın yüksek düzeyde olduğu, telefon değitirme sıklığı
ve aylık yüksek telefon faturasının bağımlılıkla doğru orantılı olduğu, telefon değiştirme nedeni ile tercih edilen telefon markası ve marka tercih nedenin bağımlılığın göstergeleri olduğu, telefon kullanım amacı ile en çok tercih
edilen sosyal medya sitelerinin de bağımlılıkla doğrudan ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin tüm faktörleri arasında olumlu yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların kendini rahatlatmak için akıllı
telefon kullanımında muhtemel bir artışın, fiziksel engelleri, çevreyle etkileşimi ve kullanımı engelleyememe durumlarını da arttıracağı tespit edilmiştir. Örneklemi oluşturuan 435 lisans öğrencisine uygulanan ölçek sonucunda,
araştırma örnekleminin akıllı telefon bağımlılığı orta düzey bulunmuştur.
Evaluation of Interpreting Services in Health Institutions
Authors: ERKMEN Ayşe , ARKAN Yelda
Published: November 2021

Dünyanın devingen yapısı sayesinde farklı toplumsal gelişmeler meydana gelmektedir. Meydana gelen bu gelişmeler sonucunda yeni ürünler, fikirler, kültürler ve dünya görüşleri oluşmaktadır. Globalleşme olarak adlandırılan dünya üzerindeki
bu hareketlilik ise her mesleği olduğu gibi çeviri mesleğini de etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma da ise sözlü çevirinin bir türü olan ve sağlık, hukuk, emniyet, eğitim alanı gibi kurum ve kuruluşlarda varlığını sürdüren toplum çevirmenliğinin
alt alanı sağlık çevirmenliği ele alınmıştır. Başlarda gönüllülük esasına dayanan bu çeviri türünde yapılan hataların sonuçları neticesinde zamanla profesyonelleşme ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Sağlık çevirmenliği göçlerin artması
ile sağlık alanında ortaya çıkan iletişim sorunlarına dikkat çekmek amacıyla irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda insan hayatının bir parçası olan hastanelerin çeviri durumlarını saptayıp bu alanda tercümanlara duyulan ihtiyacı ortaya
koymaya yönelik hastane çalışanlarına (doktorlar, hemşireler, hasta bakıcılar, terapistler), hastanelerdeki çeviri hizmetlerinin konumuna ilişkin sorular yöneltilmiştir. Çalışmada “Türkçe Bilmeyen Hastalarla İletişim Anketi” uygulanmıştır.
Uygulanan bu anketin gönüllü katılımcılar tarafından cevaplanması üzerine farklı illerdeki devlet ve özel hastanelerine uygulanan 309 anket verileri SPPS (Veri Analizi ve Raporlama Sistemi) paket programına girilmiş ve sonuçlar
doğrultusunda alana ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmanın neticesinde sağlık çevirmenliği alanında iletişimin hâlâ büyük bir ölçüde amatör dil aracıları tarafından sağlandığı tespit edilmiş ve hastane çalışanlarının
hastanelerin tercüman istihdam etmeleri gerektiğine dair görüş bildirdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Effect of System Quality, Information Quality and Service Quality Towards Customer Loyalty Using Mobile Banking Application
Authors: Mahendra Muhammad A. , Winarno Wahyu A. , Kustono Alwan S.
Published: November 2021

Aims/ Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of system quality, information quality and service quality on customer loyalty with satisfaction as a moderating variable for users of the mobile banking application of Bank BRI Jember Branch.

Study Design: Quantitative Research

Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted between March 2021 to May 2021. The research location is Bank BRI Jember Branch.

Methodology: The data in this study used a questionnaire distributed to customers of Bank BRI Jember Branch in the use of mobile banking applications. In this study, quota sampling technique was used to determine the number of samples taken, namely 390 customers of Bank BRI Jember Branch.

Results: The system quality variable (X1) has a p value of 0.005 on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, quality information (X2) has a p value of 0.003 on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and the service quality variable (X3) has a p value of 0.405. Meanwhile, customer satisfaction (Y) has a p value of 0.127 on customer loyalty.

Conclusion: This study rejects H1, H2 and H3 namely system quality (X1), information quality (X2) and service quality (X3) which directly have no effect on customer loyalty (Z) and accept H4 directly, customer satisfaction has a significant effect. significant to customer loyalty. While indirectly the quality of the system (X1) and the quality of information (X2) have a significant effect on customer loyalty (Z) through variables that affect customer satisfaction (Y) which means that it supports hypotheses H5 and H6. In contrast to service quality (X3) which has no significant effect on customer loyalty (Z) through customer satisfaction (Y).
Profitability of Using Commercial Tilapia Feed to Produce Three Different Sizes of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Fingerlings in Ghana
Authors: Anani F. A. , Agbeko E. , Atsakpo P. D. K. , Johnson-Ashun M. , Osei L. K. , Donkor K. K. , Ayarika A. F. , Danquah E.
Published: November 2021

Aims: To determine the profitability of using a commercial tilapia feed to produce three different size ranges (1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 5.0-5.9 g) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings in hapa-in-pond system.

Study Design: Completely randomized design.

Place and Duration of Study: The Aquaculture Research and Development Centre (ARDEC), Akosombo, of Water Research Institute (WRI) of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, from March to May, 2020.

Methodology: Fish growth study was carried out in three (3) fine mesh netting hapas, each of dimensions 5.0 x 2.0 x 1.2 m. Nile tilapia fry at initial mean weight 0.03 ± 0.01 g were stocked at a density of 50 fish m-2 and they were fed at 20 % body weight five times daily. The feeding of the fish continued until those in all the 3 hapas attained a mean weight of at least 5.0 g. Then the experiment was terminated and all the survived fish in each hapa were harvested, counted, and their individual body weights were measured. Growth performance indicators and profitability of producing the various size categories (1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 5.0-5.9) were determined.

Results: The fry attained the target size ranges of 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 5.0-5.9 g in 4, 6 and 9 weeks respectively. There were significant differences (ANOVA, P = 0.03) among final mean weights, weight gains, feed intakes, daily weight gains, feed efficiencies and harvested biomass among all size ranges, with those of 5.0-5.9 g being significantly higher (Tukey’s HSDT, P < 0.02). Sizes of fingerlings produced correlate positively with cost of feed used. The profit indices ranged from 2.57 to 10.22, with the highest recorded in the 1.0-1.9 g fingerlings and the least in those of 5.0-5.9 g.

Conclusion: The results indicated that, at the current Nile tilapia fingerlings cost and the time taken to produce the various size categories, the 1.0-1.9 g production is the most profitable.
Graphene‐Paper‐Based Electrodes on Plastic and Textile Supports as New Platforms for Amperometric Biosensing
Authors: Poletti Fabrizio , Scidà Alessandra , Zanfrognini Barbara , Kovtun Alessandro , Parkula Vitaliy , Favaretto Laura , Melucci Manuela , Palermo Vincenzo , Treossi Emanuele , Zanardi Chiara
Published: November 2021

The possibility of exfoliating graphite into graphene sheets allows the researchers to produce a material, termed “graphene paper” (G‐paper), conductive as graphite but more flexible and processable. G‐paper is already used for electronic applications, like conductors, antennas, and heaters, outperforming metal conductors thanks to its high flexibility, lightness, chemical stability, and compatibility with polymeric substrates. Here, the effectiveness in the use of G‐paper for the realization of electrodes on flexible plastic substrates and textiles, and their applicability as amperometric sensors are demonstrated. The performance of these devices is compared with commercial platforms made of carbon‐based inks, finding that they outperform commercial devices in sensing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a key molecule for enzymatic biosensing; the electrodes can achieve state‐of‐the‐art sensitivity (107.2 μA mm−1 cm−2) and limit of detection (0.6 × 10−6 m) with no need of additional functionalization. Thanks to this property, the stable deposition of a suitable enzyme, namely lactate dehydrogenase, on the electrode surface is used as a proof of concept of the applicability of this new platform for the realization of a biosensor. The possibility of having a single material suitable for antennas, electronics, and now sensing opens new opportunities for smart fabrics in wearable electronic applications.
Yields and Immunomodulatory Effects of Pneumococcal Membrane Vesicles Differ with the Bacterial Growth Phase
Authors: Mehanny Mina , Kroniger Tobias , Koch Marcus , Hoppstädter Jessica , Becher Dörte , Kiemer Alexandra K. , Lehr Claus‐Michael , Fuhrmann Gregor
Published: November 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a leading cause of death worldwide. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are promising vaccine candidates because of the antigenic components of their parent microorganisms. Pneumococcal MVs exhibit low toxicity towards several cell lines, but their clinical translation requires a high yield and strong immunogenic effects without compromising immune cell viability. MVs are isolated during either the stationary phase (24 h) or death phase (48 h), and their yields, immunogenicity and cytotoxicity in human primary macrophages and dendritic cells have been investigated. Death‐phase vesicles showed higher yields than stationary‐phase vesicles. Both vesicle types displayed acceptable compatibility with primary immune cells and several cell lines. Both vesicle types showed comparable uptake and enhanced release of the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐6, from human primary immune cells. Proteomic analysis revealed similarities in vesicular immunogenic proteins such as pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A, and IgA1 protease in both vesicle types, but stationary‐phase MVs showed significantly lower autolysin levels than death‐phase MVs. Although death‐phase vesicles produced higher yields, they lacked superiority to stationary‐phase vesicles as vaccine candidates owing to their similar antigenic protein cargo and comparable uptake into primary human immune cells.
Defect Enrichment in Near Inverse Spinel Configuration to Enhance the Persistent Luminescence of Fe3+
Authors: Zhou Zhihao , Zhang Shuai , Le Yakun , Ming Hong , Li Yang , Ye Shi , Peng Mingying , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping
Published: November 2021

Spinel configuration is a kind of broadly considered host candidate when designing persistent luminescence (PersL) materials due to the easy generation of vacancies and anti‐site defects. Here, a new strategy of defect enrichment for the activation of PersL is proposed, and in contrast to the spinel configuration, it is demonstrated that the crystal structure of near inverse spinel ensures more numerous defects to activate the near‐infrared (NIR) PersL of Fe3+. Fe3+‐doped MgGa2O4 displays the PersL band in the range of 600 to 900 nm and possesses a super‐long PersL duration time >15 h. The optical analysis and the calculation of density functional theory unravel that the near inverse spinel structure can lower the carrier transfer barriers to accelerate the formation of carrier trap states within the bandgap. Therefore, more numerous defects in this structure may participate in the trapping and de‐trapping process by comparison with the normal spinel configuration. These findings are expected to accelerate the development of new PersL materials through Fe3+ doping toward versatile biological applications in NIR window.
Top‐Illuminated Organic Photodetectors beyond 1000 nm Wavelength Response Enabled by a Well‐Defined Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Wu Jhao‐Lin , Lai Lai‐Hung , Hsiao Yu‐Tang , Tsai Kuen‐Wei , Yang Chi‐Ming , Sun Zi‐Wan , Hsieh Jin‐Chiuan , Chang Yi‐Ming
Published: November 2021

Near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) image technologies are of interest for many emerging applications. Among photodetector technologies, organic photodetectors (OPDs) are groundbreaking light sensors with unique photon‐to‐electron responses at various wavelengths that offer limitless flexibility in field applications due to the tunable design of organic semiconductors. Herein, a top‐illuminated OPD deposited on bottom aluminum electrode with a spectral response beyond a wavelength of 1000 nm is reported, which suggests a feasibility for image sensors integrated with bottom readout circuit. The results reveal that a device composed of aluminum‐doped zinc oxide, nickel oxide, and indium‐doped zinc oxide as hole blocking layer, hole transporting layer, and transparent top electrode, respectively, shows the best performance at a wavelength of ≈1000 nm, achieving an outstanding external quantum efficiency of 74% with a responsivity of 0.64 A W−1 and a detectivity of 6.6 × 1012 Jones. The device also performs a fast photocurrent response time of 9.8 µs and a linear dynamic range of 98 dB. To the best of knowledge, this device performance is one of the best reported to date for NIR and SWIR OPDs. The values are also comparable to commercially available inorganic photodetectors.
From Sintering to Particle Discrimination: New Opportunities in Metal–Organic Frameworks Scintillators
Authors: Villemot Vincent , Dufour Nicolas , Mauree Sharvanee , Sabot Benoît , Bertrand Guillaume H. V. , Hamel Matthieu
Published: November 2021

The characterization of a scintillating metal organic framework (MOF) is not straightforward, mainly due to the small size and low density of the material. In this context, we present herein a generic method to give an easy access to the determination of a key parameter in the scintillation field, namely the light output. To reach this, MOF‐205 was first synthesized as millimetric‐size single crystals then sintered under pressure and temperature conditions to afford a pellet. The density was increased by 300% while maintaining optical properties on par with scintillation application. The as‐prepared scintillator was then characterized in terms of photoluminescence (PL; UV‐excited emission spectrum, time‐correlated single photon counting) and radioluminescence (RL) spectroscopy (beta‐excited emission spectrum, alpha, beta and gamma pulse height spectra, alpha/beta and alpha/gamma discrimination). Results were compared with commercial BC‐404 plastic scintillator performances as well as supported by MCNP6.2 simulation.
Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene‐1. Toward single‐material multifunctional sandwich structures
Authors: Doyle Lucía
Published: November 2021

Polymeric foams are a key element of many multifunctional sandwich structures. The most commonly used polymeric foam, polyurethane, presents environmental drawbacks, related to poor recyclability and the use of toxic diisocyanates for their manufacturing. The separation of layers in sandwich structures is a further unresolved hurdle toward the recyclability of these elements. There is a need for broadening the spectrum of polymeric foams. In this context, the foamability of polybutene‐1 (PB‐1) is studied through extrusion foaming experiments. From the application side, foaming PB‐1 would allow the manufacturing of district heating pre‐insulated pipes out of one single material, bringing circular product design to the energy sector. From the scientific side, there is a knowledge gap in the foaming of polymers in the rubbery state at room temperature, such as PB‐1, due to difficulties in the cell stabilization step. This supports the need for research in the foaming of this polymer. In this study, four commercial grades of PB‐1 were evaluated, covering different chain structures, molecular weights, and crystallinity degrees. Very different foaming behaviors were found. Dimensionally stable foams were achieved with the two homopolymers tested, demonstrating the foamability of this polymer.
Have urinary function outcomes after radical prostatectomy improved over the past decade?
Authors: Clements Matthew B. , Gmelich Caroline C. , Vertosick Emily A. , Hu Jim C. , Sandhu Jaspreet S. , Scardino Peter T. , Eastham James A. , Laudone Vincent P. , Touijer Karim A. , Coleman Jonathan A. , Vickers Andrew J. , Ehdaie Behfar
Published: November 2021

Background

Changes in surgical technique and postoperative care that target improvements in functional outcomes are widespread in the literature. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one such procedure that has seen multiple advances over the past decade. The objective of this study was to leverage RP as an index case to determine whether practice changes over time produced observable improvements in patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

This study analyzed patients undergoing RP by experienced surgeons at a tertiary care center with prospectively maintained patient‐reported outcome data from 2008 to 2019. Four patient‐reported urinary function outcomes at 6 and 12 months after RP were defined with a validated instrument: good urinary function (domain score ≥ 17), no incontinence (0 pads per day), social continence (≤1 pad per day), and severe incontinence (≥3 pads per day). Multivariable logistic regressions evaluated changes in outcomes based on the surgical date.

Results

Among 3945 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, excellent urinary outcomes were reported throughout the decade but without consistent observable improvements over time. Specifically, there were no improvements in good urinary function at 12 months (P = .087) based on the surgical date, and there were countervailing effects on no incontinence (worsening; P = .005) versus severe incontinence (improving; P = .003). Neither approach (open, laparoscopic, or robotic), nor nerve sparing, nor membranous urethral length mediated changes in outcomes.

Conclusions

In a decade with multiple advances in surgical and postoperative care, there was evidence of improvements in severe incontinence, but no measurable improvements across 3 other urinary outcomes. Although worsening disease factors could contribute to the stable observed outcomes, a more systematic approach to evaluating techniques and implementing patient selection and postoperative care advances is needed.

Lay Summary

Although there have been advances in radical prostatectomy over the past decade, consistent observable improvements in postoperative incontinence were not reported by patients.

To improve urinary function outcomes beyond the current high standard, the approach to studying innovations in surgical technique needs to be changed, and further development of other aspects of prostatectomy care is needed.
Cutaneous adverse events in 155 patients with metastatic melanoma consecutively treated with anti‐CTLA4 and anti‐PD1 combination immunotherapy: Incidence, management, and clinical benefit
Authors: Patel Anisha B. , Farooq Sahira , Welborn Macartney , Amaria Rodabe N. , Chon Susan Y. , Diab Adi , Glitza Oliva Isabella C. , Huen Auris O. , Li Shirley Q. , Nelson Kelly C. , Pacha Omar , Patel Sapna P. , Rapini Ronald P. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Wong Michael K. , McQuade Jennifer , Davies Michael A. , Haydu Lauren E.
Published: November 2021

Background

In response to the increased use of combination checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and the resulting increased cutaneous adverse events (CAEs), this study reviewed patients with melanoma treated with combination CPIs to characterize CAE features and their clinical impact, correlation to adverse events in other organs, and correlation to tumor response.

Methods

Patients from the authors' institutional database who received at least 1 dose of ipilimumab in combination with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, for stage IV or unresectable stage III melanoma were identified. The time to next treatment (TTNT) was calculated from the start of CPI therapy to the start of the next treatment or death, and the development of CAEs was tested in a time‐dependent Cox regression to identify associations with TTNT.

Results

Eighty‐one patients (52.3%) experienced a total of 92 CAEs, including eczematous dermatitis (25.0%), morbilliform eruption (22.8%), vitiligo (12.0%), and pruritus without rash (8.7%). The median times to the onset and resolution of CAEs were 21 days (range, 0‐341 days) and 50 days (range, 1‐352 days), respectively. Most CAEs resolved after patients entered the CPI maintenance phase and treatment with oral antihistamines with or without topical steroids. CPI discontinuation occurred in 4 patients (2.6%) because of CAEs, in 49 (31.6%) because of other immune‐related adverse events, and in 20 (12.9%) because of melanoma progression or death. For patients definitively treated with CPIs (n = 134; 86.5%), TTNT was significantly longer with CAEs than without CAEs (hazard ratio, 0.567; 95% CI, 0.331‐0.972; P = .039).

Conclusions

CAEs were mostly reversible and rarely required therapy discontinuation. The development of CAEs was associated with a longer TTNT, and this suggested a possible clinical benefit.
Growth and remodeling in the pulmonary autograft: Computational evaluation using kinematic growth models and constrained mixture theory
Authors: Vastmans Julie , Maes Lauranne , Peirlinck Mathias , Vanderveken Emma , Rega Filip , Kuhl Ellen , Famaey Nele
Published: November 2021

Computational investigations of how soft tissues grow and remodel are gaining more and more interest and several growth and remodeling theories have been developed. Roughly, two main groups of theories for soft tissues can be distinguished: kinematic‐based growth theory and theories based on constrained mixture theory. Our goal was to apply these two theories on the same experimental data. Within the experiment, a pulmonary artery was exposed to systemic conditions. The change in diameter was followed‐up over time. A mechanical and microstructural analysis of native pulmonary artery and pulmonary autograft was conducted. Whereas the kinematic‐based growth theory is able to accurately capture the growth of the tissue, it does not account for the mechanobiological processes causing this growth. The constrained mixture theory takes into account the mechanobiological processes including removal, deposition and adaptation of all structural constituents, allowing us to simulate a changing microstructure and mechanical behavior.
Review of the Development of First‐Generation Redox Flow Batteries: Iron‐Chromium System
Authors: Sun Chuanyu , Zhang Huan
Published: November 2021

The iron‐chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is considered the first true RFB and utilizes low‐cost, abundant iron and chromium chlorides as redox‐active materials, making it one of the most cost‐effective energy storage systems. ICRFBs were pioneered and studied extensively by NASA and Mitsui in Japan in the 1970–1980s, and extensive studies on ICRFBs have been carried out over the past few decades. In addition, ICRFB is considered to be one of the most promising directions for cost‐effective and large‐scale energy storage applications, as its cost can theoretically be lower than that of zinc‐bromine and all‐vanadium RFBs, giving it the potential for large‐scale promotion. With the resolution of problems such as hydrogen evolution and electrolyte intermixing, the ICRFB technology is moving out of the laboratory and striving for greater power and more stable industrialization requirements. This Review summarizes the history, development, and research status of key components (carbon‐based electrode, electrolyte, and membranes) in the ICRFB system, aiming to give a brief guide to researchers who are involved in the related subject.
Inflammation neuroscience: neuro‐immune crosstalk and interfaces
Authors: Tarnawski Laura , Olofsson Peder S
Published: November 2021

Inflammation is a key process in antimicrobial defence and tissue repair, and failure to properly regulate inflammation can result in tissue damage and death. Neural circuits play important roles throughout the course of an inflammatory response, and the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms are only partly understood. Here, we review key evidence for the neural regulation of inflammation and discuss emerging technologies to further map and harness this neurophysiology, a cornerstone in the rapidly evolving field of inflammation neuroscience.
Nonrapid eye movement sleep characteristics and relations with motor, memory, and cognitive ability from infancy to preadolescence
Authors: Page Jessica M. , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Norton Elizabeth S.
Published: November 2021

Sleep plays a critical role in neural neurodevelopment. Hallmarks of sleep reflected in the electroencephalogram during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep are associated with learning processes, cognitive ability, memory, and motor functioning. Research in adults is well‐established; however, the role of NREM sleep in childhood is less clear. Growing evidence suggests the importance of two NREM sleep features: slow‐wave activity and sleep spindles. These features may be critical for understanding maturational change and the functional role of sleep during development. Here, we review the literature on NREM sleep from infancy to preadolescence to provide insight into the network dynamics of the developing brain. The reviewed findings show distinct relations between topographical and maturational aspects of slow waves and sleep spindles; however, the direction and consistency of these relationships vary, and associations with cognitive ability remain unclear. Future research investigating the role of NREM sleep and development would benefit from longitudinal approaches, increased control for circadian and homeostatic influences, and in early childhood, studies recording daytime naps and overnight sleep to yield increased precision for detecting age‐related change. Such evidence could help explicate the role of NREM sleep and provide putative physiological markers of neurodevelopment.