bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with hepatitis C and HIV testing uptake among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs
Authors: Hope Vivian D. , McVeigh James , Begley Emma , Glass Rachel , Edmundson Claire , Heinsbroek Ellen , Kean Joseph , Campbell John , Whitfield Mark , Morgan Gareth , Acreman Dean , Smith Josie
Published: November 2020

Introduction and Aims

Historically, people who inject image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED) were not perceived as being at high risk of HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, recent studies indicate HCV and HIV prevalences are elevated, with many HCV infections undiagnosed.

Design and Methods

Men who inject IPEDs recruited from community settings and specialist services, including needle‐syringe programs, across UK during 2016 self‐completed a questionnaire. Multivariate analyses examined factors associated with HCV/HIV testing.

Results

The participants' (n=562; 24% service recruited) median age was 31 years, 4% identified as gay or bisexual, 18% had ever been imprisoned and 6% had ever injected a psychoactive drug. Those community recruited more often reported sharing drugs vials (16% vs. 8%, P=0.021) and, among those with 2+ sexual partners, poor condom use (50% vs. 36%, P=0.063), than those service recruited. Overall, one‐third had ever been tested for HCV (31%) and/or HIV (34%). Testing uptake was associated with other risk factors for HCV/HIV, being recruited through services and having received metabolic tests. Participants' motivations for using IPEDs were associated with recruitment setting and HIV/HCV testing uptake.

Discussion and Conclusions

The majority were untested for HCV/HIV. HCV/HIV testing and risks were associated with recruitment through services. Previous needle and syringe program‐based studies have potentially overestimated testing uptake and underestimated risk. Targeted interventions are needed, particularly for those not accessing services. The association between HCV/HIV testing uptake and receipt of metabolic tests suggests that developing a combined offer of these tests as part of health monitoring could improve uptake.
Youth development in Kuwait: Dimensions of civic participation and community engagement towards nation building
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Radhika
Published: November 2020

Youth engagement is a critical dimension of youth development where the youth population engages in social action. In Kuwait, the patriarchal and hierarchical social structure has rendered youth participation and civic and community engagement a slow and elusive experience with notable effects on the economic trajectory of the country in an era of “youth bulge” in the Kuwaiti society. Despite an extensive cradle‐to‐grave welfare system, the presence of skilled and knowledge workers among the Kuwaiti population is negligible, undermining long‐term prospects of economic growth and development. As a result of increased use of the Internet and social media, there are growing calls for greater freedoms and reform of the traditional socioeconomic structure among the youth. Contextualizing from a historical perspective, this article comparatively analyzes the various contexts of youth participation in the pre‐ and post‐oil Kuwait, examines the socioeconomic transformation of Kuwait during and after the Gulf War of 1991, and reviews the current challenges of community participation among the youth and outlines a series of recommendations for the way forward.
The effect of porcine hydrolysed collagen on gastric ulcer scores, gastric juice pH, gastrin and amino acid concentrations in horses
Authors: Camacho‐Luna P. , Andrews F. M. , Keowen M. L. , Garza F. , Liu C. ‐C. , Lamp B. , Olijve J.
Published: November 2020

Gastric ulcers are common in horses. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of porcine hydrolysed collagen (PHC) on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses. We hypothesise that PHC‐administration will result in improved gastric lesion scores and act synergistically with omeprazole to improve treatment efficacy. Thoroughbred horses (n = 10) were studied in a 2‐period, 2‐treatment crossover design, where the PHC (45 g) was administered twice daily. Horses were treated for 56 days. Gastroscopy was performed and gastric juice pH measured on Days 0, 14, 28, 42, 49 and 56. Nonglandular gastric ulcer number (NGN) and severity (NGS) and glandular ulcer number (GN) and glandular severity (GS) scores were assigned by an investigator masked to treatment and serum gastrin and amino acid concentrations. By Day 42, 2 weeks after discontinuing omeprazole treatment, NGN and NGS scores returned to pretreatment values and serum gastrin was higher when compared to values measured on Day 28. By Day 49, after the feed‐deprivation period, NGN and NGS were similar to pretreatment values. By Day 56, mean NGN score was significantly lower in PHC‐treated horses, compared to controls. Mean gastric juice pH significantly increased in both groups on Day 28 and the pH was significantly (P = 0.0127) higher in the PHC‐treated horses. Serum amino acid concentrations were not significantly different 2 h after feeding PHC and hydroxyproline was not detected. Serum gastrin concentration did not increase 2 h after feeding in the PHC‐fed horses. The PHC fed to horses enhanced the effects of omeprazole on increased gastric juice pH, inhibited gastrin secretion after feeding and resulted in fewer nonglandular ulcers after long‐term feeding (56 days) in stall‐confined horses undergoing intermittent feeding.
Peri‐implant mucosal response to implant‐supported overdentures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Baskaradoss Jagan Kumar , Geevarghese Amrita , Baig Mirza Rustum
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To systematically review and evaluate the effects of different types of attachments, implant numbers and loading protocols on the peri‐implant mucosa of implant‐supported overdentures (ISODs).

Background

The impact of peri‐implant tissue health on the ISOD treatment outcome is unclear, and current evidence is inadequate on this aspect.

Materials and Methods

A systematic literature search for randomised controlled trials or prospective studies was conducted in indexed databases from 1995 to April 2020. The focused question was as follows: How does the peri‐implant mucosa respond to implant‐supported or implant‐tissue‐supported complete overdentures based on different types of attachments, implant numbers, and loading protocols, in terms of clinical outcomes achieved [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI)]? A random‐ or fixed‐effects model was applied to measure the significance of standardised mean differences (SMD) of PD between the groups.

Results

Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. The SMD for PD between splinted/bar and unsplinted/stud attachments was 0.10 mm (95% CI: −0.27 to 0.47; P = .60) and between 2‐ and 4‐implant groups was 0.15 mm (95% CI: −0.16 to 0.45; P = .34), which were not statistically significant. Significant difference (P = .003) was observed between immediate/early loading and delayed loading (SMD = 0.46 mm [95% CI: 0.16 to 0.75]).

Conclusions

Probing depth for the immediate loaded implants was significantly higher than for the delayed loading group. No attachment type, implant number or loading protocol seemed to have a clear advantage over the other, in terms of other peri‐implant mucosal outcome measures.
The role of total ankle replacement in patients with haemophilia and end‐stage ankle arthropathy: A review
Authors: Sackstein Paul , Cooper Paul , Kessler Craig
Published: November 2020

Haemophilia is the most common X‐linked bleeding disorder, affecting over 1 million individuals throughout the world. Patients are subclassified into mild, moderate and severe disease based on per cent factor activity level. Nearly, all patients with haemophilia develop haemophilic arthropathy (HA) by age 30 and HA is known to have a negative impact on physical health subscores in Haem‐A‐QOL, a validated quality of life scoring system for patients with haemophilia. Unfortunately, many patients progress to end‐stage HA of the ankle, which is characterized by pain, contractures, decreased range of motion and muscle atrophy. Ankle arthrodesis (AAD) has been the standard of care in the definitive surgical management of end‐stage HA of the ankle. While AAD is a safe surgical procedure known to improve HA‐related pain, it decreases functional mobility and has been associated with secondary hindfoot arthritis as well as subtalar degeneration. In recent years, total ankle replacement (TAR) has emerged as an alternative surgical procedure that strives to improve functional mobility, pain and quality of life in end‐stage HA of the ankle. However, the safety, durability, and efficacy of this procedure in these patients are unknown. In this review, we analyse the clinical studies investigating TAR in patients with end‐stage HA of the ankle. We also discuss important considerations in the perioperative management of patients with haemophilia and compare the risks and benefits of AAD and TAR for patients with end‐stage HA of the ankle.
The meaning of purely structural colour: white plumage reflectance indicates feather condition
Authors: Laczi Miklós , Balogh Julia , Nardou Xavier , Török János , Hegyi Gergely
Published: November 2020

White plumage areas are widespread among birds but the mechanisms generating individual differences in white feather reflectance are poorly known. Additionally, the proximate mechanisms of within‐season feather colour changes in general are also poorly known. Here we explored within‐individual changes in macrostructure and reflectance of the white wing‐patch of female Collared Flycatchers Ficedula albicollis using data from three stages within a breeding season. Changes in brightness and UV chroma were related to changes in the neatness and size of reflective surfaces, respectively. This suggests that white feather reflectance traits may act as indicators of feather intactness and preening activity.
El enfoque de la sostenibilidad en la OIT y la representación colectiva de los trabajadores
Authors: NOVITZ Tonia
Published: November 2020

Los objetivos de sostenibilidad, sobre todo medioambientales, han sido reconocidos por la OIT en iniciativas de «transición justa» y «empleos verdes». Sin embargo, los ODS ofrecen más margen para un compromiso de la OIT con la sostenibilidad social, al reconocer el «trabajo decente» (ODS 8) y requerir «la adopción en todos los niveles de decisiones inclusivas, participativas y representativas que respondan a las necesidades» (meta ODS 16.7). En este artículo se examina cómo la OIT podría seguir promoviendo los derechos de representación colectiva, a quién otorgarlos y cómo ejercerlos, en el contexto del debate sobre un futuro del trabajo sostenible.
Measuring the Cultural Dimension of Migrant Integration and Integration Policy in the European Context: Dilemmas and Discussions1
Authors: Gońda Marcin , Pachocka Marta , Podgórska Karolina
Published: November 2020

Migrant integration is usually studied in four dimensions: economic, political, social and cultural. The cultural sphere seems to be the most ambiguous, but also the one that induces various interpretations as it touches upon core norms and values held both by migrants and by the receiving society. This paper aims to reconstruct research approaches to cultural integration and integration policy. Beside the receiving country’s language, that is the obvious differentiating factor of cultural integration, other aspects have been defined: migrants’ religion, knowledge of the receiving country’s symbolic culture, maintenance and transmission of cultural patterns, cultural identity. Furthermore, indicators which appear to adequately measure the effectiveness of integration activities have been assigned to the predefined aspects of cultural integration. They have been confronted with indicators used within integration policies of selected EU states and with expert statements (collected within the Delphi method‐based survey) on given aspects of policies aimed at cultural integration.
Elephantiasis Neuromatosa and Becker's Melanosis
Authors: Akyol Melih , Özçelik Sedat , Marufihah Mehmet , Elagöz Şahande
Published: November 2020

The most characteristic lesions of neurofibromatosis are the extremely large plexiform neurofibromas involving an entire extremity, which give rise to the condition known as elephantiasis neuromatosa. In this article, we present a patient who was diagnosed as elephantiasis neuromatosa with Becker's melanosis clinically and review the literature briefly.
Confluent Ecchymoses on the Lower Extremities of a Malnourished Patient
Authors: Sasaki Go , Satoh Takahiro , Yokozeki Hiroo , Katayama Ichiro , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: November 2020

Nutritional deficiencies result in many distinctive cutaneous manifestations. Vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, produces follicular hyperkeratosis, perifollicular hemorrhages, gingival hypertrophy, and bleeding (1). We report here a case of malnutrition who suddenly developed extensive eccymoses on the lower extremities sharing morphological similarities with purpura fulminans. Although the patient did not have the characteristic dermatological features of scurvy, serum levels of vitamins C, K, B12, and E were decreased.
Is Stand-Up Comedy Art?
Authors: BRODIE IAN
Published: November 2020

Stand-up so closely resembles-and is meant to resemble-the styles and expectations of everyday speech that the idea of technique and technical mastery we typically associate with art is almost rendered invisible. Technique and technical mastery is as much about the understanding and development of audiences as collaborators as it is the generation of material. Doing so requires encountering audiences in places that by custom or design encourage ludic and vernacular talk-social spaces and third spaces such as bars, coffee houses, and clubs. Cultivating uncultivated speech and cultivating real audiences in found settings form the background of developing the stand-up comedian, neither of which lend themselves to the conservatory tradition we think of when we think of the development of artists. This article addresses two areas of the overall question of stand-up as art, starting with the ontological question of stand-up comedy: if it is an art where is it located, and what we may mean by “artworks” and “artworld” in stand-up comedy? Then I consider whether stand-up comedy as practiced can be reconciled with several recent definitions for art and note some of the special conditions and contexts for stand-up.
Why Can't You Take a Joke? The Several Moral Dimensions of Pilfering a Ha-Ha
Authors: HICK DARREN HUDSON
Published: November 2020

This article investigates the moral wrongness of joke theft. Working through a trove of real-world cases, and using the sitcom The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel as a touchstone, I argue, ultimately, for a pluralist approach, contending that there are several wrongs that may be present in any case of joke theft, but which cannot be reduced to each other and which are collectively irreducible to any sort of “superwrong.”
Distributive politics with other‐regarding preferences
Authors: Le Minh T. , Saporiti Alejandro , Wang Yizhi
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes a nonsmooth model of probabilistic voting with two parties and a broad family of other‐regarding behavior, including fairness and quasi‐maximin preferences, income‐dependent altruism, and inequity aversion. The paper provides conditions for equilibrium existence and uniqueness. It also characterizes the Nash equilibrium in pure strategies when parties hold either symmetric payoffs, or minor forms of asymmetries. The characterization shows that the two parties converge to an equilibrium policy that maximizes a mixture of a “self‐regarding utilitarian” social welfare function and an aggregate of society's other‐regarding preferences. These results are shown to be applicable to other nonsmooth frameworks, such as probabilistic voting with loss averse voters. The characterization also shows that the direction and the size of the inefficiencies emerging from electoral competition depend in a subtle way on the nature of the other‐regarding preferences (and resp., loss aversion).
Effects of 2.45 GHz Wi‐Fi exposure on sleep‐dependent memory consolidation
Authors: Bueno‐Lopez Ana , Eggert Torsten , Dorn Hans , Schmid Gernot , Hirtl Rene , Danker‐Hopfe Heidi
Published: November 2020

Studies have reported that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF) emitted by mobile telephony might affect specific sleep features. Possible effects of RF‐EMF emitted by Wi‐Fi networks on sleep‐dependent memory consolidation processes have not been investigated so far. The present study explored the impact of an all‐night Wi‐Fi (2.45 GHz) exposure on sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and its associated physiological correlates. Thirty young males (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 24.1 ± 2.9 years) participated in this double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled crossover study. Participants spent five nights in the laboratory. The first night was an adaptation/screening night. The second and fourth nights were baseline nights, each followed consecutively by an experimental night with either Wi‐Fi (maximum: psSAR10g = <25 mW/kg; 6 min average: <6.4 mW/kg) or sham exposure. Declarative, emotional and procedural memory performances were measured using a word pair, a sequential finger tapping and a face recognition task, respectively. Furthermore, learning‐associated brain activity parameters (power spectra for slow oscillations and in the spindle frequency range) were analysed. Although emotional and procedural memory were not affected by RF‐EMF exposure, overnight improvement in the declarative task was significantly better in the Wi‐Fi condition. However, none of the post‐learning sleep‐specific parameters was affected by exposure. Thus, the significant effect of Wi‐Fi exposure on declarative memory observed at the behavioural level was not supported by results at the physiological level. Due to these inconsistencies, this result could also be a random finding.
Ageing shift workers’ sleep and working‐hour characteristics after implementing ergonomic shift‐scheduling rules
Authors: Karhula Kati , Hakola Tarja , Koskinen Aki , Lallukka Tea , Ojajärvi Anneli , Puttonen Sampsa , Oksanen Tuula , Rahkonen Ossi , Ropponen Annina , Härmä Mikko
Published: November 2020

We studied whether implementing binding ergonomic shift‐scheduling rules change ageing (≥45 years) social and healthcare employees’ (mean age 52.5 years, 95% women) working‐hour characteristics (e.g. weekly working hours, number and length of night shifts, and short shift intervals) and sleep. We compared an intervention group (n = 253) to a control group (n = 1,234) by survey responses (baseline 2007/2008, follow‐up 2012) and objective working‐hour characteristics (intervention group n = 159, control group n = 379) from 91 days preceding the surveys. Changes in working‐hour characteristics were analysed with repeated measures general linear models. The fully adjusted model (sociodemographics and full‐/part‐time work) showed that proportion of short shift intervals (<11 hr, p = .033) and weekend work (p = .01) decreased more in the intervention than in the control group. Changes in sleep outcomes were analysed with generalised logit model to binomial and multinomial variables. The fully adjusted model (sociodemographics, full‐/part‐time work, job strain, health behaviours, and perceived health) revealed higher odds in the intervention group for long sleep (≥9 hr; odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21–13.80), and lower odds of short sleep (<6 hr; OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.92), having at least two sleep difficulties often (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.70), and more specifically difficulties in falling asleep (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.77), waking up several times per night (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.55), difficulties in staying asleep (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.82), and non‐restorative sleep (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.90) than the control group. In conclusion, implementation of ergonomic shift‐scheduling rules resulted in minor changes in ageing employees’ objective working hours and a consistent buffering effect against worsening of sleep.
Why theory is not myth
Authors: Mills Jon
Published: November 2020

James Cresswell provides a thoughtful critique of my essay on a theory of myth (Mills) with a specific focus on the nature of theorizing that challenges the dogma of empirical frames of reference, concluding that scientific theories themselves are contemporary myths. Insofar as myth is an attempt to provide a narrative or discourse about phenomena, Cresswell's argument could apply to any theory. But he takes this point further: theory is synonymous with myth. In order to unpack this evocative claim, it may prove useful to revisit how theory and myth relate to the concepts of logos, truth, ontology and identity. In the end, I suggest theory is not myth because theory sets out to describe, interpret and explain phenomena and is scrutinized for its validity, generalizability and applied consequences, while the premises of myth are often historically and culturally presupposed or simply devolve into belief that may or may not be defensible.
Muscle alterations are independently associated with significant fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hsieh Yun‐Cheng , Joo Sae Kyung , Koo Bo Kyung , Lin Han‐Chieh , Kim Won
Published: November 2020

Background & Aim

Anthropometric data are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and progression. We investigated whether the quantity and quality of muscle and visceral fat assessed by computed tomography (CT) are associated with fibrosis severity in NAFLD.

Methods

In a prospective biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD cohort of 521 patients, we measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), muscle attenuation (MA) and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) via CT. Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) was defined using previously validated cut‐offs. Myosteatosis and visceral adiposity were defined as the lowest and highest quartile, respectively. Significant fibrosis was defined as F2‐F4 in liver histology.

Results

Patients with significant fibrosis had lower SMI and MA and higher VATI than those without. The significant fibrosis prevalence was significantly higher in subjects with LSMM (45.1% vs 30.8%, P = .005), myosteatosis (46.1% vs 29.7%, P = .001) and visceral adiposity (46.9% vs 29.9%, P = .001) than those without. The significant fibrosis risk increased with increasing numbers of body composition components (24.5%, 35.6%, 53.0% and 72.7% in patients with 0, 1, 2 and 3 components respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that LSMM (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.05‐2.84), myosteatosis (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.68) and visceral adiposity (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.83) were independent predictors of significant fibrosis. Subjects with sarcopenia had a higher risk of significant fibrosis (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.03‐4.56).

Conclusion

Muscle alterations and visceral adiposity assessed by CT are associated with significant fibrosis in NAFLD. LSMM and myosteatosis have additive values in prediction of significant fibrosis.
A review of big data analysis methods for baleen whale passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Kowarski Katie A. , Moors‐Murphy Hilary
Published: November 2020

Many organizations collect large passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data sets that need to be efficiently and reliably analyzed. To determine appropriate methods for effective analysis of big PAM data sets, we undertook a literature review of baleen whale PAM analysis methods. Methodologies from 166 studies (published between 2000–2019) were summarized, and a detailed review was performed on the 94 studies that recorded more than 1,000 hr of acoustic data (“big data”). Analysis techniques for extracting baleen whale information from PAM data sets varied depending on the research observed. A spectrum of methodologies was used and ranged from manual analysis of all acoustic data by human experts to completely automated techniques with no manual validation. Based on this assessment, recommendations are provided to encourage robust research methods that are comparable across studies and sectors, achievable across research groups, and consistent with previous work. These include using automated techniques when possible to increase efficiency and repeatability, supplementing automation with manual review to calculate automated detector performance, and increasing consistency in terminology and presentation of results. This work can be used to facilitate discussion for minimum standards and best practices to be implemented in the field of marine mammal PAM.
COVID‐19: The regional impact of COVID‐19 on the certification of vision impairment in Northern Ireland
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Silvestri Giuliana , Stevenson Michael , Sinton Janet , Witherow Jacqueline , McCann Roseleen , Moutray Tanya , Cushley Laura
Published: November 2020

Purpose

In this paper we highlight the impact which the disruption of secondary care ophthalmic services, resulting from COVID‐19, has had on Sight Impairment (SI) and Severe Sight Impairment (SSI) certification in Northern Ireland.

Methods

Regional data on SI and SSI certification in the period after the onset of the lockdown (19 March 2020–18 June 2020) were compared to the period immediately before lockdown (1 January 2020–18 March 2020) and to the same periods in 2019. Change documented was compared to post‐lockdown reductions in primary and secondary ophthalmic care activity.

Results

In 2019, during the 3‐month period (19 March 2019–18 June 2019), 115 individuals were certified as sight impaired (SI 36, SSI 75, unspecified 4). Of those certified, 65 were female, 49 male. Principal causes of certification were: Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) (N = 45), glaucoma (N = 20) and diabetic eye disease (DED) (N = 10). Mean VA, recorded from the better eye of those certified, was 0.96 LogMAR. In the 3 months following the onset of lockdown (19 March 2020–18 June 2020), only 37 individuals were certified (SI 6, SSI 31), 12 female and 25 male. AMD was the most frequent cause of sight impairment (N = 20). There were only two DED certifications and one due to glaucoma. Mean VA in the better eye of those certified was 1.15LogMAR. The numbers of CVI certifications completed following the introduction of COVID‐19 lockdown fell by 68%, compared to the 2019 data. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of female certifications (p = 0.01), and in certifications due to glaucoma (p = 0.02). The proportion of those certified as SSI as opposed to SI in the period after the onset of lockdown rose from 68% in 2019 to 84% in 2020. The mean VA of those certified in the period after the onset of lockdown, when compared to those certified in the other three periods, was worse by between 0.21 and 0.19 LogMAR (p = 0.06). Reductions reflected change in overall primary and secondary ophthalmic care activity.

Conclusions

It is inconceivable that COVID‐19 has reduced the incidence of sight‐threatening eye disease. We must therefore assume that a flood of newly presenting sight loss will present once the pandemic has passed. New presentations will include those who would normally have attended during the lockdown period, and patients who, had they accessed ophthalmic care at the appropriate time, would have been saved from severe levels of blindness. The implications of the predicted increase in demand for medical, social and low vision related services are huge.
Exploring the links between psychological flexibility, individual well‐being, and relationship quality
Authors: Twiselton Karen , Stanton Sarah C. E. , Gillanders David , Bottomley Ewan
Published: November 2020

The ability to engage flexibly with thoughts and behavior in line with the demands of a situation—termed psychological flexibility—has been linked to individual well‐being. This registered report presents two studies that investigate the links between psychological flexibility, individual well‐being, and relationship quality. Using structural equation modeling, Study 1 found that people who were more psychologically flexible reported higher levels of positive affect and lower levels of negative affect, which in turn were associated with higher relationship quality. Using dyadic mediation analysis, Study 2 replicated and extended these findings in a sample of 200 romantic couples, revealing both actor and partner effects. This research offers insight into the implications of psychological flexibility for relationship functioning.
A theoretical model for understanding relationship functioning in intercultural romantic couples
Authors: Fonseca Ana Laura , Ye Tony , Koyama Jill , Curran Melissa , Butler Emily A.
Published: November 2020

Intercultural romantic relationships have increased worldwide. Yet, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about intercultural couples. The studies that do suggest that intercultural couples have higher rates of conflict and long‐term instability, but most studies have measured intercultural couples using categorical responses of race/ethnicity, which limits theoretical insight to the interpersonal characteristics that make up high‐quality intimate relationships. This review integrates findings from several research fields into a new model, called the culturally based romantic relationship (CBR2) model, to understand how similarities/differences in within‐person emotional processes and relationship norms relate to between‐person emotional functioning, and in turn relationship quality. Theoretical models of this nature are essential because they can impact therapy and counseling programs developed for diverse groups of people, but also advance research fields that are related to culture, emotions, and interpersonal relationships.
Modelling Time-varying Mobility Flows Using Function-on-Function Regression: Analysis of a Bike Sharing System in the City of Milan
Authors: Torti Agostino , Pini Alessia , Vantini Simone
Published: November 2020

In today's world, bike sharing systems are becoming increasingly common in all main cities around the world. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of how people move by bike through the city of Milan, we apply functional data analysis to study the flows of a bike sharing mobility network. We introduce a complete pipeline to properly analyse and model functional data through a concurrent functional-on-functional model taking into account the effects of weather conditions and calendar on the bike flows. In the end, we develop an interactive interface to explore the results of the analyses.
Changes in facial signs due to age and their respective weights on the perception of age and skin plumpness among differently aged Korean women
Authors: Flament Frederic , Prunel Anne , Keufer Benjamin , Abric Aurelie , Wang Yang , Reni Alexandra , Cassier Matthieu , Delaunay Caroline
Published: November 2020

Objective

To determine the respective weights of certain facial signs on the assessment of perceived age and plumpness on Korean women of different ages.

Material and Methods

Photographs were taken of the faces of 112 Korean women of different ages (18‐80 years) under standardized conditions. These photographs allowed to focus and define 19 facial signs, which were then graded by 15 experts and dermatologists, using standardized scales provided by a reference Skin Aging Atlas. The facial signs were dispatched into 5 clusters, namely Wrinkles/Texture, Ptosis/Sagging, Pigmentation disorders, Vascular disorders, and Cheek skin pores. A naïve panel, composed of 92 Korean women, of similar age range were asked, when viewing full‐face photographs, to: (a) attribute on a 0‐10 scale their perception of the skin plumpness (ie supple/hydrated/nourished) and (b) estimate the age of the subject.

Results

With the exception of Vascular disorders, the severity of all 4 clusters increased with age, although at different rates. The Wrinkles/Texture or Ptosis/Sagging showed a rather regular progression. Although perceived ages and real ages were found highly correlated, half of the subjects were judged older by 2‐12 years. The facial signs/clusters were significantly correlated with perceived age, with the exceptions of vascular disorders, size of pigmentary spots and cheek skin pores. The weights in perceived ages of Wrinkles/Texture and Ptosis/Sagging represent 37% each and Pigmentation disorders at 26%. Skin plumpness was logically found significantly anti‐correlated with perceived age. If, surprisingly, Vascular disorders were found not impacting the plumpness aspect, Cheek skin pores presented a clear influence.

Conclusion

Within facial clinical clusters, Wrinkles/Texture, Ptosis/Sagging, and Pigmentation disorders are major factors in the assessment of perceived age in Korean women. The perception of a decreased skin plumpness is significantly associated with increased perceived age.
Rural–urban differences in preferences for influenza vaccination among women of childbearing age: implications for local vaccination service implementation in Vietnam
Authors: Le Xuan T. T. , Nguyen Hien T. , Le Huong T. , Do Toan T. T. , Nguyen Thang H. , Vu Linh G. , Nguyen Cuong T. , Hoang Men T. , Tran Bach X. , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Ho Roger C. M.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Pregnant women and new mothers are among the most vulnerable to seasonal influenza; however, little is known about their preferences for flu vaccination. We examined the rural–urban differences in uptake, demand and willingness to pay (WTP) for influenza vaccination among women of childbearing age, to assess the feasibility of implementing locally produced vaccines in Vietnam.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed in both urban and rural areas of Hanoi in 2018. Socio‐demographic characteristics, history of vaccination, demand and WTP for influenza vaccines were obtained. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify the associated factors.

Results

Of 750 participants, 29.9% had had flu shots in the current or previous flu season and 64.3% indicated demand for this vaccine. The median of the maximum amount of WTP for influenza vaccination services was US$ 8.5 (IQR: 8.5–17.0). Women living in rural areas had a significantly lower uptake and higher demand, and were willing to pay less than women in urban locations (21.1% vs. 36.6%; 69% vs. 60.2%; and US $8.5 vs. US $11.7, respectively). For urban participants, factors associated with higher demand and WTP for flu shots included having ANC in health facilities and having been vaccinated against influenza in the past; for rural women, these factors were having suffered from influenza and hearing about it.

Conclusions

This study informs the feasibility of implementing locally produced influenza vaccines in Vietnam. Educational programs, along with counselling services and government subsidies, should be implemented to improve the coverage, demand and WTP for the vaccine.
Research initiatives of blood services worldwide in response to the covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Lieshout‐Krikke Ryanne W. , Lewin Antoine , Erikstrup Christian , Steele Whitney R. , Uzicanin Samra , Custer Brian ,   the Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Policy Sub‐group of the ISBT Transfusion Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives

While coronavirus (COVID‐19) is not transfusion‐transmitted, the impact of the global pandemic on blood services worldwide is complex. Convalescent plasma may offer treatment, but efficacy and safety are not established. Measuring seroprevalence in donors would inform public health policy. Here, we survey blood services around the world to assess the different research programmes related to COVID‐19 planned or in progress.

Materials and Methods

Blood collection services were surveyed in June 2020 to determine whether they were participating in serosurveys or convalescent plasma collection and clinical trials.

Results

A total of 48 countries (77% of those contacted) responded. Seroprevalence studies are planned or in progress in 73% of countries surveyed and in all continents, including low‐ and middle‐income countries. Most aimed to inform public health policy. Convalescent plasma programmes have been initiated around the globe (79% of surveyed), about three quarters as clinical trials in high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries.

Conclusion

Blood services around the world have drawn upon their operational capacity to provide much‐needed seroprevalence data to inform public health. They have rapidly implemented preparation of potential treatment when few treatments are available and mostly as clinical trials. At the same time, they must continue to provide blood products for recipients despite challenges of working in a state of emergency. It is important to track and coordinate research efforts across jurisdictions to gain a composite evidence‐based view that will influence future practice and preparative strategies.
Constructing Fano 3-folds from cluster varieties of rank 2
Authors: Coughlan Stephen , Ducat Tom
Published: November 2020

Cluster algebras give rise to a class of Gorenstein rings which enjoy a large amount of symmetry. Concentrating on the rank 2 cases, we show how cluster varieties can be used to construct many interesting projective algebraic varieties. Our main application is then to construct hundreds of families of Fano 3-folds in codimensions 4 and 5. In particular, for Fano 3-folds in codimension 4 we construct at least one family for 187 of the 206 possible Hilbert polynomials contained in the Graded Ring Database.
Study on Radial Clearance Sealing Performance of Graphite Ring
Authors: Xianjun Zhou , Chunlei Chen , Jianhua Li , Yanze Wu
Published: November 2020

Firstly, the suitable forming method of graphite ring was screened according to compression deformation test, considering the characteristics of radial clearance seal. Then, the compression resilience, radial contact stress and axial sealing performance of graphite packing rings with different density were researched by testing. Research shows: 25% compressibility is the limit of radial clearance compensation ability of graphite packing ring; And the radial contact stress of graphite packing ring on the pipe wall is linearly positively correlated with the axial load, density has little effect on it. Based on the porous media model of gaskets, axial leakage models of three kinds of graphite rings with different density were obtained by experimental fitting and the influence of external working conditions on leakage mode was analyzed, which provide a theoretical basis for the design of graphite ring seal based on leakage rate.
Turbulent Mixing Process of a Round Jet With Slot Lobes
Authors: Kristo Paul J. , Hoff Coleman D. , Craig Ian G. R. , Kimber Mark L.
Published: November 2020

Turbulent mixing in the near region of a round jet with three slot lobes is examined via mean velocity and turbulent statistics and structures at a Reynolds number of 15,000. The design utilizes separate flow motivations upstream of each geometric feature, deviating from conventional nozzles or orifice plates. Immediate outlet velocity profiles are heavily influenced by opposing pressure gradients between the neighboring round and slot streams. Spanwise mean velocity profiles reveal the majority of the convective exchange between a given slot and the round center occurs in the immediate near field, but has lasting effects on the axial centerline profiles downstream. This is also reflected by the velocity half-widths, exhibiting asymmetry across the entirety of available measurements. Centerline turbulence intensities exhibit strong and short-lived isotropy. The increasingly anisotropic intensities found downstream are lower than similar geometries from the literature, implying that mixing development is inhibited. Reynolds stresses at the round-slot interface are significantly smaller than the round-stagnant exchange, but achieve a symmetric condition at x/D ≅ 4. Two-point spatial correlations of the fluctuating streamwise velocity exhibit stronger dependence toward the axial centerline at the round-slot interface in comparison to the nominal round radius. In contrast, spanwise velocity fluctuations exhibit nearly identical, localized behaviors on each side of the jet. Corresponding differences in streamwise integral length scale peak in the range 1.0 ≤ x/D ≤ 1.5, and so too do the turbulent structures in this area, as a result of the collated jet geometry.
High Frequency Characteristics of the Near Wake and Vortex Past a Triangular Cylinder
Authors: Sun Lei , Huang Yong , Wang Xiwei , Feng Xiang , Xiao Wei
Published: November 2020

The flow past a triangular cylinder is one of the fundamental flows and widely utilized in flame stabilization and heat transfer. In this study, the near wake and vortex characteristics of the flow past an equilateral triangular cylinder are experimentally measured by a high frequency particle image velocimetry (PIV) system at 3 kHz. The triangular cylinder is installed in a wind tunnel with Reynolds numbers ranging from 10,700 to 17,700. The Reynolds-averaged and phase-averaged methods are utilized to analyze the flow field. Based on the flow fields, the length of the vortex formation region is about 1.5 times of the length of the equilateral triangle side. The residence time of a vortex in the vortex formation region is equal to a vortex shedding period. The stream wise velocity of the vortex core center downstream the vortex formation is about 0.8 times of the freestream velocity, which is slightly larger than the value about 0.7 for the flow past a circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The maximum tangential velocity at the periphery of the vortex core maybe occurs slightly in advance of the vortex reaching the boundary of the vortex formation region. The normalized lengths of the recirculation zone of the triangular cylinder keep nearly unchanged and are about 1.55 to 1.9 times of those of the circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The normalized normal wise instead of stream wise turbulence intensity has stronger effects on the distribution of the normalized turbulent kinetic energy.
Effect of oxygen vacancy gradient on ion-irradiated Ca-doped YMnO3 thin films
Authors: Rathod Kunalsinh N. , Gadani Keval , Dhruv Davit , Shrimali Vipul G. , Solanki Sapana , Joshi Ashvini D. , Singh Jitendra P. , Chae Keun H. , Asokan Kandasami , Solanki Piyush S. , Shah Nikesh A.
Published: November 2020

In this study, we investigate the effect of ion irradiation on Y0.95Ca0.05MnO3 (YCMO) thin films. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements show single-phase and strain/stress modifications with ion irradiation. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirms the variation in oxygen vacancies. The near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure shows valence state reduction of Mn ions, which is attributed to oxygen vacancies. The optimal resistive switching ratio is observed at the lowest fluence (1 × 1011 ions/cm2) of ion irradiation. At higher fluences (1 × 1012 and 1 × 1013 ions/cm2), the strain relaxation and oxygen vacancy annihilation are ascribed to the local annealing effect. The double logarithmic curve and modified Langmuir–Child's law satisfy the space charge limited conduction mechanism in all thin films. These results suggest the crucial role of irradiation-induced oxygen vacancies in modifying the electronic structure and electrical properties of YCMO thin films.
Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Subtype Distribution in the Chicken Broiler Production Continuum: a Longitudinal Examination To Identify Primary Contamination Points
Authors: Inglis G. Douglas , Ramezani Nahal , Taboada Eduardo N. , Boras Valerie F. , Uwiera Richard R. E.
Published: November 2020

The longitudinal examination of
Campylobacter jejuni
subtypes throughout the broiler production continuum is required to determine transmission mechanisms and to identify potential reservoirs and the foodborne risk posed. We showed that a limited number of
C. jejuni
subtypes are responsible for infrequent outbreaks in broilers within production barns and that colonized birds from a small number of farms are introduced into the abattoir where a high prevalence of carcasses are subsequently contaminated with a diversity of subtypes, which are transferred onto poultry in retail settings.
Impact of Nuclear Export Pathway on Cytoplasmic HIV-1 RNA Transport Mechanism and Distribution
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Umunnakwe Chijioke , Sun David Q. , Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Pathak Vinay K. , Berkhout Ben , Das Atze T. , Hu Wei-Shau
Published: November 2020

The unspliced HIV-1 full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) is packaged into virions as the genome and is translated to generate viral structural proteins and enzymes. To serve these functions, HIV-1 RNA must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It was recently suggested that export pathways used by HIV-1 RNA could affect its cytoplasmic transport mechanisms and distribution. In the current report, we examined the HIV-1 RNA transport mechanism by following the movement of individual RNAs and identifying the distribution of RNA using
in situ
hybridization. Our results showed that whether exported by the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway, HIV-1 RNAs mainly use diffusion for cytoplasmic travel. Furthermore, HIV-1 RNAs exported using the CRM1 or NXF1 pathway are well mixed in the cytoplasm and do not display export pathway-specific clustering near centrosomes. Thus, the export pathways used by HIV-1 RNAs do not alter the cytoplasmic transport mechanisms or distribution.
Plasmodium berghei K13 Mutations Mediate
In Vivo
Artemisinin Resistance That Is Reversed by Proteasome Inhibition
Authors: Simwela Nelson V. , Stokes Barbara H. , Aghabi Dana , Bogyo Matt , Fidock David A. , Waters Andrew P.
Published: November 2020

Recent successes in malaria control have been seriously threatened by the emergence of
Plasmodium falciparum
parasite resistance to the frontline artemisinin drugs in Southeast Asia.
P. falciparum
artemisinin resistance is associated with mutations in the parasite K13 protein, which associates with a delay in the time required to clear the parasites upon drug treatment. Gene editing technologies have been used to validate the role of several candidate K13 mutations in mediating
P. falciparum
artemisinin resistance
in vitro
under laboratory conditions. Nonetheless, the causal role of these mutations under
in vivo
conditions has been a matter of debate. Here, we have used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to introduce K13 mutations associated with artemisinin resistance into the related rodent-infecting parasite,
Plasmodium berghei
. Phenotyping of these
P. berghei
K13 mutant parasites provides evidence of their role in mediating artemisinin resistance
in vivo
, which supports
in vitro
artemisinin resistance observations. However, we were unable to introduce some of the
P. falciparum
K13 mutations (C580Y and I543T) into the corresponding amino acid residues, while other introduced mutations (M476I and R539T equivalents) carried pronounced fitness costs. Our study provides evidence of a clear causal role of K13 mutations in modulating susceptibility to artemisinins
in vitro
and
in vivo
using the well-characterized
P. berghei
model. We also show that inhibition of the
P. berghei
proteasome offsets parasite resistance to artemisinins in these mutant lines.