bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in the Bayesian meta-analysis of normally distributed surrogate endpoints
Authors: Bujkiewicz Sylwia , Thompson John R , Spata Enti , Abrams Keith R
Published: August 2015

We investigate the effect of the choice of parameterisation of meta-analytic models and related uncertainty on the validation of surrogate endpoints. Different meta-analytical approaches take into account different levels of uncertainty which may impact on the accuracy of the predictions of treatment effect on the target outcome from the treatment effect on a surrogate endpoint obtained from these models. A range of Bayesian as well as frequentist meta-analytical methods are implemented using illustrative examples in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, where the treatment effect on disability worsening is the primary outcome of interest in healthcare evaluation, while the effect on relapse rate is considered as a potential surrogate to the effect on disability progression, and in gastric cancer, where the disease-free survival has been shown to be a good surrogate endpoint to the overall survival. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the impact of distributional assumptions on the predictions. Also, sensitivity to modelling assumptions and performance of the models were investigated by simulation. Although different methods can predict mean true outcome almost equally well, inclusion of uncertainty around all relevant parameters of the model may lead to less certain and hence more conservative predictions. When investigating endpoints as candidate surrogate outcomes, a careful choice of the meta-analytical approach has to be made. Models underestimating the uncertainty of available evidence may lead to overoptimistic predictions which can then have an effect on decisions made based on such predictions.
Long-term Follow-up of Dorsal Wedge Osteotomy for Pediatric Freiberg Disease
Authors: Pereira Bruno S. , Frada Tiago , Freitas Daniel , Varanda Pedro , Vieira-Silva Manuel , Oliva Xavier Martin , Duarte Rui M.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Treatment for Freiberg disease has been largely conservative despite availability of various operative options for severe or refractory cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of pediatric patients with symptomatic Freiberg disease treated with intra-articular dorsal wedge osteotomy.

Methods:

Pediatric patients treated for Freiberg disease with surgery between January 1982 and 1999 were identified and selected for long-term clinical evaluation. Patients were evaluated regarding operative satisfaction and clinical outcome, performed according to the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) lesser toe metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale and range of motion (ROM) of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Patients had radiographic assessment of degenerative joint status with anteroposterior and oblique foot x-ray. Twenty patients (18 female, 2 male; mean age 15.2 years; range 12-17 years) were identified. The mean follow-up period was 23.4 (range 15-32) years.

Results:

The clinical outcomes of our patients were classified as excellent in 16 (80%) and good in 4 (20%). The AOFAS mean score was 96.8 (range 91-100) points at the last clinical appointment. A negative correlation between AOFAS score and time of follow-up (r’s = −0.61, P < .001) was found. Also, a strong negative correlation was found between Smillie classification and AOFAS final score (r’s = −0.88, P < .001).

Conclusion:

The patients were very satisfied with pain and quality of life at a mean follow-up time of 23.4 years. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term follow-up report supporting the procedure described by Gauthier and Elbaz as a good option for operative treatment of Freiberg disease.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Postpartum Teens’ Perception of the Food Environments at Home and School
Authors: Tabak Rachel G. , Joshu Corinne E. , Clarke Megan A. , Schwarz Cynthia D. , Haire-Joshu Debra L.
Published: August 2015

Background. An environment that supports healthy eating is one factor to prevent obesity. However, little is known about postpartum teen’s perceptions of their home and school environments and how this relates to dietary behaviors. Purpose. This study explores the relationship between home and school environments and dietary behaviors for postpartum teens. Design. Conducted cross-sectionally during 2007-2009 across 27 states and included 889 postpartum teens enrolled in Parents as Teachers Teen Program. Data included measures of sociodemographics and perceptions of school and home food environments. A 7-day recall of snack and beverage frequency assessed dietary behaviors. Logistic regression explored associations between baseline environment measures and dietary behaviors at baseline and postintervention (approximately 5 months after baseline) for the control group. Results. Respondents reported greater access and selection (i.e., variety of choices) of healthy foods and beverages at home than school. At baseline, fruit and vegetable intake was associated with home selection (1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.3, 2.9]) and availability (1.8, 95% CI [1.3, 2.6]), sweet snack consumption was associated with selection (1.5, 95% CI [1.0, 2.1]), and total snack consumption and sugar-sweetened beverage intake were associated with selection (snack: 2.1, 95% CI [1.5, 3.0]; beverage: 1.7, 95% CI [1.2, 2.4]) and availability (snack: 2.1, 95% CI [1.4, 3.1]; beverage: 1.5, 95% CI [1.0, 2.3]). Water intake at baseline and at the postintervention for control group teens was associated with selection (1.6, 95% CI [1.1, 2.2]). No significant associations were identified between the school environment and dietary behaviors. Conclusions. Interventions should target improvements in the home environment for high-risk, postpartum teens.
The HIV Risk Profiles of Latino Sexual Minorities and Transgender Persons Who Use Websites or Apps Designed for Social and Sexual Networking
Authors: Sun Christina J. , Reboussin Beth , Mann Lilli , Garcia Manuel , Rhodes Scott D.
Published: August 2015

The use of websites and GPS-based mobile applications (“apps”) designed for social and sexual networking has been associated with increased HIV risk; however, little is known about Latino sexual minorities’ and transgender persons’ use of these websites and apps and the risk profiles of those who use them compared with those who do not. Data from 167 participants who completed the baseline survey of a community-level HIV prevention intervention, which harnesses the social networks of Latino sexual minorities and transgender persons, were analyzed. One quarter of participants (28.74%, n = 48) reported using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking, and 119 (71.26%) reported not using websites or apps designed for social and sexual networking. Those who used websites or apps were younger and reported more male sex partners, a sexually transmitted disease diagnosis, and illicit drug use other than marijuana. HIV prevention interventions for those who use websites or apps should consider addressing these risks for HIV.
Housing quality and risk of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized children under five in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Fakunle Adekunle G , Ana Godson R , Olaiya Muideen T
Published: August 2015

Acute respiratory infection is the fourth major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five globally. However, information on housing characteristics that could predispose children under five to these infections is scanty in Nigeria. Therefore, this study assessed the quality of housing and its contribution to the acquisition of acute respiratory infections among children under five in Ibadan. A prospective case–control design was employed for this study. Two hundred and twenty children under five each with acute respiratory infection (cases) and without acute respiratory infection (controls) were selected from children visiting Oni-memorial Children Hospital and University College Hospital, Ibadan. A survey of 66 consented cases and controls each was carried out using a checklist to assess indoor housing indicators. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression at p < 0.05. More cases (43, 65.2%) than controls (28, 42.4%) reside in houses with poor housing quality (OR 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3–5.1). Presence of damp roof (OR 2.9; 95% CI = 1.1–8.1), mould growth on walls (OR 6.3; 95% CI = 2.0–19.6) and high indoor air relative humidity (OR 10.2; 95% CI = 3.0–35.2) were significant risk factors for acute respiratory infections in children under five. Inadequate housing conditions play an important role in the acquisition of acute respiratory infections. Therefore, considerable effort should be made to educate mothers of children under five on improved housing and hygiene conditions in order to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality risks associated with acute respiratory infections.
Orthodox rational choice contractarianism
Authors: Moehler Michael
Published: August 2015

In a recent article, Gauthier (2013) rejects orthodox rational choice contractarianism in favor of a revisionist approach to the social contract that, according to him, justifies his principle of maximin proportionate gain (formerly the principle of minimax relative concession or maximin relative benefit) as a principle of distributive justice. I agree with Gauthier that his principle of maximin proportionate gain cannot be justified by orthodox rational choice contractarianism. I argue, however, that orthodox rational choice contractarianism, before and after Gauthier, is still a viable approach to the social contract, although the scope of this approach is limited. Orthodox rational choice contractarianism can be applied fruitfully to moral philosophy only in situations of deep moral pluralism in which moral reasoning is reduced to instrumental reasoning, because the members of society do not share, as assumed by traditional moral theories, a consensus on moral ideals as traditionally conceived as a starting point for the derivation of moral rules but only an overarching end that they aim to reach. If orthodox rational choice contractarianism is applied adequately, then it offers a viable approach to the social contract that, in contrast to Gauthier’s theory, justifies a rival principle for distributive conflicts that is valid for deeply morally pluralistic societies.
Let’s Talk about Sex, Maybe
Authors: Houle Brian , Angotti Nicole , Clark Samuel J. , Williams Jill , Gómez-Olivé F. Xavier , Menken Jane , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Tollman Stephen M.
Published: August 2015

Researchers are often skeptical of sexual behavior surveys: Respondents may lie or forget details of their intimate lives, and interviewers may exercise authority in how they capture responses. We use data from a 2010–2011 cross-sectional sexual behavior survey in rural South Africa to explore who says what to whom about their sexual lives. Results show an effect of fieldworker age across outcomes: Respondents report “safer,” more “responsible” sexual behavior to older fieldworkers, and an effect of fieldworker sex; men report more sexual partners to female fieldworkers. Understanding fieldworker effects on the production of sexual behavior survey data serves methodological and analytical goals.
Perceptions of Fairness and Satisfaction in Lawyer–Client Interactions Among Young Offenders in Hong Kong
Authors: Chui Wing Hong , Cheng Kevin Kwok-Yin
Published: August 2015

This study used a mixed methods approach to examine the perceptions of fairness and satisfaction young offenders have toward their lawyers in the Hong Kong criminal justice system, drawing on procedural justice theory. A sample of 168 young offenders aged between 14 and 21 years old was surveyed. Regression analyses indicated that participants who had private lawyers were more satisfied compared to those who had duty lawyers. Two elements of procedural justice, participation, and trustworthiness, demonstrated the strongest influence on youths’ satisfaction with their lawyers. Supplementary interviews with 30 young defendants further explained the discrepancy, revealing that the limited amount of time spent by duty lawyers in meetings and their detached focus contributed to clients’ low perceptions of participation and trustworthiness.
Thermal aspects of ice abrasive water jet technology
Authors: Jerman Marko , Orbanić Henri , Junkar Mihael , Lebar Andrej
Published: August 2015

During the last few years, different research groups have been developing systems for the transition of abrasive water jet into ice abrasive water jet. The aim of this new technology is to make the technology cleaner from both practical and ecological points of view. Mineral abrasive is replaced with ice grains that melt away after the machining process, leaving the workpiece uncontaminated. Several different approaches to this technology were studied. Thermal aspects of integrating the ice abrasive water jet technology into commercially available machines were considered. The results and analyses of water temperature measurements on the ice abrasive water jet machine are presented in this article.
Cultures of Caste and Rural Development in the Social Network of a South Indian Village
Authors: Arora Saurabh , Sanditov Bulat
Published: August 2015

Cultures of caste in much of rural India have become entangled with institutions of rural development. In community-driven development, emphasis on “local resource persons” and “community spokespersons” has created new opportunities for brokerage and patronage within some villages, which interact with existing forms of authority and community afforded by caste identity and intra-caste headmanship. In this article, we study how these entangled cultures of caste and development translate into social network structures using data on friendship ties from a south Indian village. We find that although caste continues to be important in shaping community structures and leadership in the village’s network, its influence varies across different communities. This fluidity of caste’s influence on community network structures is argued to be the result of multiple distinct yet partially overlapping cultural-political forces, which include sharedness afforded by caste identity and new forms of difference and inequality effected through rural development.
Targeting the leukemia cell metabolism by the CPT1a inhibition: functional preclinical effects in leukemias
Authors: Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Mirabilii Simone , Allegretti Matteo , Licchetta Roberto , Calarco Anna , Torrisi Maria Rosaria , Foà Robin , Nicolai Raffaella , Peluso Gianfranco , Tafuri Agostino
Published: August 2015

Key Points

FAO is a crucial metabolic pathway for leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis. FAO inhibitors represent a novel targeted approach for leukemia treatment.
MAGIC maize: a new resource for plant genetics
Authors: Holland James B.
Published: August 2015

A multiparent advanced-generation intercross population of maize has been developed to help plant geneticists identify sequence variants affecting important agricultural traits.
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: comparing CT and MRI features with pathology
Authors: Wang Li-Xia , Liu Kan , Lin Guang-Wu , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2015

Background

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNET) are extremely rare and difficult to distinguish from primary and metastatic liver cancers since PHNETs blood supply comes from the liver artery. This study aims to investigate CT and MR imaging findings of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET) and correlation with the 2010 WHO pathological classification.

Methods

We examined CT and MRI scans from 29 patients who were diagnosed with PHNET and correlated the data with the 2010 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors.

Results

According to the 2010 WHO classification system, PHNETs are divided into three grades based on histological criteria. Grade 1 tumors are singular, solid nodules with enhancement at the arterial phase on CT and MRI scans. In grade 1 tumors, the dynamic-contrast enhancement curve shows rapid wash-in in the arterial phase. Grade 2 tumors can have a singular or multiple distribution pattern, necrosis, and nodule or marginal ring-like enhancements. Grade 3 tumors have multiple lesions, internal necrosis, and evidence of hemorrhage. Portal venous tumor thrombus was seen in one case. As tumor grades increase, the capsule begins to lose integrity and tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values decrease(grade 1: 1.39 ± 0.20× 10−3 mm2/s versus grade 2: 1.26 ± 0.23× 10−3 mm2/s versus grade 3: 1.14 ± 0.17× 10−3 mm2/s).

Conclusion

CT and MRI can reflect tumor grade and pathological features of PHNETs, which are helpful in accurately diagnosing PHNETs.
mRNA encoding Sec61β, a tail-anchored protein, is localized on the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Cui Xianying A. , Zhang Hui , Ilan Lena , Liu Ai Xin , Kharchuk Iryna , Palazzo Alexander F.
Published: August 2015

While one pathway for the post-translational targeting of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been well defined, it is unclear whether additional pathways exist. Here we provide evidence that a subset of mRNAs encoding TA-proteins, such as Sec61β and Nesprin2, is partially localized to the surface of the ER in mammalian cells. In particular, Sec61β mRNA can be targeted to, and later maintained on the ER using both translation-dependent and independent mechanisms. Our data suggests that this process is independent of p180, a known mRNA receptor on the ER, and the TRC/Get pathway components, TRC40 and BAT3. In addition, our data indicates that Sec61β mRNA may access translocon-bound ribosomes. Our results show that certain TA-proteins are likely synthesized directly on the ER, and this facilitates their membrane insertion. Thus it is clear that mammalian cells utilize multiple mechanisms to ensure efficient targeting of TA-proteins to the surface of the ER.
Genetic evidence for a microtubule-capture mechanism during polar growth of Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Manck Raphael , Ishitsuka Yuji , Herrero Saturnino , Takeshita Norio , Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Fischer Reinhard
Published: August 2015

The cellular switch from symmetry to polarity in eukaryotes depends on the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons. In fungi such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe or Aspergillus nidulans, the microtubule cytoskeleton determines the sites of actin polymerization through cortical cell-end marker proteins. Here we describe A. nidulans MigA (microtubule guidance) as the first orthologue of the karyogamy protein Kar9 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in filamentous fungi. A. nidulans MigA interacts with the cortical ApsA protein and is involved in spindle positioning during mitosis. MigA is also associated with septal and nuclear microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). PALM super-resolution microscopy revealed that MigA is recruited to assembling and retracting microtubule plus-ends in an EbA-dependent manner. MigA is required for microtubule convergence in hyphal tips and plays a role in correct localization of the cell-end markers TeaA and TeaR. In addition, MigA interacts with a class V myosin, suggesting an active microtubule capture and pulling mechanism of microtubule ends along actin filaments. Hence, the organization of microtubules and actin depend on each other, and positive feedback loops ensure robust polar growth.
The NMDA receptor functions independently and as an LRP1 co-receptor to promote Schwann cell survival and migration
Authors: Mantuano Elisabetta , Lam Michael S. , Shibayama Masataka , Campana W. Marie , Gonias Steven L.
Published: August 2015

NMDA Receptors (NMDA-Rs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors, which associate with LDL Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) to trigger cell-signaling in response to protein ligands in neurons. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that the NMDA-R is expressed by rat Schwann cells (SCs) and functions independently and with LRP1 to regulate SC physiology. The NR1 and NR2b NMDA-R subunits were expressed by cultured SCs and up-regulated in sciatic nerves following crush injury. The ability of LRP1 ligands to activate ERK1/2 and promote SC migration required the NMDA-R. NR1 gene-silencing compromised SC survival. Injection of the LRP1 ligands, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or MMP9-PEX, into crush-injured sciatic nerves, activated ERK1/2 in SCs in vivo and the response was blocked by systemic treatment with the NMDA-R inhibitor, MK801. tPA was unique amongst the LRP1 ligands examined because tPA activated cell-signaling and promoted SC migration by interacting with the NMDA-R independently of LRP1, albeit with delayed kinetics. These results define the NMDA-R as a SC signaling receptor for protein ligands and a major regulator of SC physiology, which may be particularly important in PNS injury.
Thermal Activation of Solid-State Molybdenum Halide Clusters with an Octahedral Cluster Framework and Their Application to Catalytic Synthesis of 3-Methylpyridine from Piperidine and Methanol
Authors: Kamiguchi Satoshi , Kajio Ryu , Yamada Hitomi , Yuge Hidetaka , Okumura Kazu , Iida Hajime , Nagashima Sayoko , Chihara Teiji
Published: August 2015

Solid-state molybdenum halide clusters with an octahedral metal framework MoX2 (or [Mo6X8]X2X4/2) (X = Cl, Br, I) are applied to catalysis. When these clusters are thermally activated in a hydrogen stream above 300 °C, they exhibit catalytic activity for the dehydrogenative C-methylation of piperidine with methanol, to yield 3-methylpyridine. At 400 °C, the selectivity is as high as 74%. This catalytic behavior is different from that of the molecular clusters [(M6Cl12)Cl2(H2O)4]·4H2O (M = Nb, Ta) and (H3O)2[(M6Cl8)Cl6]·6H2O (M = Mo, W), which exhibit Brønsted acidity after thermal activation; piperidine is N-methylated to yield N-methylpiperidine selectively. Elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that the solid-state clusters partially eliminate halogen ligands during the activation. Infrared analysis of adsorbed pyridine on the activated clusters shows the presence of a Lewis acid site. This coordinatively unsaturated site of the molybdenum is catalytically active for dehydrogenative C-methylation. The formation of an η3-1-azaallyl species on the molybdenum facilitates the methylation at the 3-position of piperidine, followed by dehydrogenation to yield 3-methylpyridine.
Clinical and neurosonographic signs of c entral nervous system in newborns
Authors: Хетагурова  , Khetagurova Yuliana , Ревазова  , Revazova Asya , Бораева  , Boraeva Tatyana , Павловская  , Pavlovskaya Lyudmila , Касохов  , Kasokhov Timofey , Хубаева  , Khubaeva I
Published: August 2015

Despite of significant progress in the development of technologies of clinical monitoring and the fetus and newborn pathology study, perinatal asphyxia or, more accurately – cerebral ischemia (CI) remain serious condition, causing significant mortality and long-term morbidity. Chi-acquired syndrome characterized by clinical and laboratory signs of acute brain injury due to asphyxia (ie, hypoxia, acidosis). The paper reflects the main clinical signs and neurosonographic lesion of the Central nervous system (CNS) in neonatal newborn infants with different gestational age who underwent CI mild to moderate severity.
The activity of lysozyme while the formation of acute somatic pain in old rats
Authors: Алексеев  , Alekseev Vladimir , Бойченко  , Boychenko Aleksandr , Овсянников  , Ovsyannikov Vikotor , Алексеева  , Alekseeva Natalya
Published: August 2015

Experiments were conducted on white old non-linear rats. Acute somatic pain (4–5 degree of intensity) was simulated by electrocutaneous stimulation of the receptor zone of the root of the tail. The animals were decapitated and blood sampling was carried out to study the activity of lysozyme by nephelometric method after the acute somatic pain. Acute somatic pain activates system of lysozyme in 1 hour after painful irritation in old rats. Acute somatic pain has high values in 60 min. after acute somatic pain in old age rats.
Ozonotherapy in the proohylactics of distant consequences conditioned by the disturbance in the sustem of mother-placenta-fetus in pregnant women with iron-deficit anemia
Authors: Цидаева  , Tsidaeva Tatyana , Кастуева  , Kastueva Nina , Кабулова  , Kabulova Irva
Published: August 2015

With the purpose of studying of the theraputical effectiveness of ozonotherapy in the complex treatment of iron – deficit anemia (IDA) in the course of pregnancy, complicated by the fetus-placenta insufficiency (FPI), the studying of the dynamics of the basic points of homeostasis treatment has been carried out: hematological indices (the amount of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, color dye, serum iron); hormone producing function of fetus placentar complex (FPC) under the level in the peripheral blood estradiol (E2 ), progesterone (PG), prolactin (PL) and cortizol (C) which were investigated by the radio immune analyses method; dopplerometric estimation of blood flow in uterus arteries and umbilical arteries. The investigations were carried out in 48 pregnant women with IDA, which were divided dependent on the applied method of treatment into two groups: 25 pregnant women received traditional medicamental erapy with the appliance of iron preparation “Sorbifer – Durules” Hungary (control), 23 pregnant women with IDA received ozonotherapy on the background of traditional medicamental therapy (the main). Analysis of received results testifies that the capacity of ozonotherapy in the normalization of the main parameters of homeostasis of IDA during pregnancy and function impairment of FPC is reliable higher of the method of traditional medicamental therapy.
Role fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in developmently of cardiorenal outcomes in chronic kidney disease stages III-V
Authors: Дзгоева  , Dzgoeva Fatima , Бестаева  , Bestaeva Tamara , Сопоев  , Sopoev Mikhail
Published: August 2015

The aim of our study was to investigate the association of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) with сardiorenal outcomes in chronic kidney disease stages III-V. FGF-23 was measured using commercially kits in 83 CKD stages III-V patients (40 females and 43 males aged 37-68 years). The patients were examined clinically with estimation of the levels of parathormone, calcium, phosphorus. Echocardiography on Aloka-4000 unit was made. Left ventricular geometry was assessed by J.Gottdiener classification. Therapeutic policy aimed of correction of anemia, arterial hypertension and phosphorus-calcium metabolism. FGF-23 correlated with renal function and weight of left ventricular hypertrophy. We have shown that changes in bone mediator and phosphate metabolism induced by CKD are independently associated with сardiorenal dysfunction.
Pharmacoepidemiology of medicinal agents, used for the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulonary disease
Authors: Даурова  , Daurova M. , Гатагонова  , Gatagonova Tamara , Болиева  , Bolieva Laura , Кцоева  , Ktsoeva Svetlana
Published: August 2015

The article presents the results of pharmacoepidemiological study, conducted with the aim of studying the peculiarities of antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), and chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) in the Republic North Ossetia-Alania. Retrospective descriptive study according to the medical records of patients (n=568) of all outpatient clinics of the republic was performed. According to the obtained data, recommended by the doctors, the therapy does not correspond with the modern clinical recommendations on the majority of cases. The main lacks of the AH and COPD patients’ treatment are inadequate choice of the antihypertensive preparations for the start therapy, unfoundedly often use of monotherapy, non-rational combination of the medicinal drags, that leads to the absence of the carried out therapy effect in majority of patients.
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula in a patient with chronic sarcoidosis
Authors: Darr A , Mohamed S , Eaton D , Kalkat MS
Published: August 2015

Sarcoidosis is a common multisystem granulomatous condition of unknown aetiology, predominantly involving the respiratory system. Tracheal stenosis has been described but we believe that we present the first case of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula secondary to chronic sarcoidosis. A 57-year-old woman with sarcoidosis, a known tracheal stricture and a Polyflex® stent in situ presented with stridor. Bronchoscopy confirmed in-stent stenosis, by exuberant granulation tissue. The stent was removed and the granulation tissue was resected accordingly.

Postoperatively, the patient was noticed to have an incessant cough and video fluoroscopy raised the suspicion of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula. A repeat bronchoscopy demonstrated marked granulation tissue, accompanied by a fistulous connection with the oesophagus at the mid-lower [middle of the lower] third of the trachea. Three Polyflex® stents were sited across the entire length of the trachea.

Sarcoidosis presents with varying clinical manifestations and disease progression. Tracheal involvement appears to be a rare phenomenon and usually results in stenosis. To date, there has been little or no documented literature describing the formation of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula resulting from sarcoidosis. Early reports documented the presence of sarcoidosis induced weakening in the tracheal wall, a process termed tracheal dystonia. Weaknesses are more apparent in the membranous aspect of the trachea.

Despite the rare nature of such pathology, this case report highlights the need to consider the presence of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula in sarcoidosis patients presenting with repeat aspiration in the absence of an alternate pathology.
A prospective cohort study of risk prediction in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation
Authors: Khambalia HA , Moinuddin Z , Summers AM , Tavakoli A , Pararajasingam R , Campbell T , Dhanda R , Forgacs B , Augustine T , van Dellen D
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Current risk prediction scoring systems in pancreas transplantation are limited to organ factors and are specific to predicting graft outcome. They do not consider recipient factors or inform regarding recipient morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of commonly used general surgical risk prediction models (P-POSSUM [Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity], MODS [multiple organ dysfunction score], Charlson co-morbidity index, revised cardiac risk index, ASA [American Society of Anesthesiologists] grade and Waterlow score), and to correlate them with total length of hospital stay (LOS) and critical care unit (CCU) LOS, important surrogate markers of patient outcome.

Methods

All risk prediction scores were calculated prospectively for all simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant recipients from November 2011 to October 2013, and correlated with outcome measures.

Results

Overall, 57 SPK transplant recipients were analysed. The mean age was 42.0 years (standard deviation [SD]: 7.60 years), 27 (52%) were male and the mean body mass index was 25.43kg/m2 (SD: 3.11kg/m2). The mean pancreas and kidney cold ischaemic times were 703 minutes (SD: 182 minutes) and 850 minutes (SD: 192 minutes) respectively. The median total LOS and mean CCU LOS was 17 days (range: 8–79 days) and 7 days (SD: 4.04 days) respectively. When correlated with risk prediction scores, Waterlow score was the only significant predictor of total LOS and CCU LOS (p<0.001 [Spearman’s correlation] and p=0.001 [Pearson’s correlation] respectively).

Conclusions

Preoperative risk prediction plays an important part in planning perioperative care. To date, no validated risk prediction scoring system exists for SPK transplantation. This prospective study indicates that Waterlow score identifies high risk individuals and has value in the prediction of outcome following SPK transplantation.
Management of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis and its rising incidence
Authors: Sur A , Tsang K , Brown M , Tzerakis N
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Spondylodiscitis refers to the infection of the intervertebral disc and osteomyelitis of the adjacent endplates, and it is uncommon in the developed world. Broad consensus indicates its incidence is on the rise.

Methods

The aim of this retrospective study was twofold. First, we sought to give an up-to-date incidence estimate by comparing case presentation over two time periods (1995–1999 and 2008–2011). Data from the England and Wales census in 2001 and 2011 were used for incidence estimation. The second part of this study aimed to generate management guidance from data from medical and radiographic records of the 2008–2011 patient cohort.

Results

The incidence of adult spontaneous spondylodiscitis in the local region between 2008 and 2011 was 3.67/100,000 per year, representing a 150% increase from the incidence in 1995–1999. Our data demonstrate that methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common offending pathogen of spontaneous spondylodiscitis. The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at >30mg/l after a month of starting antibiotic treatment in both medically and surgically managed groups.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that the incidence of spondylodiscitis is on the rise. A review of our case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of intravenous antibiotic therapy. While no official guidance exists for when to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics, our study shows that CRP at 1 month is >30mg/l and we recommend 6 weeks of intravenous therapy, followed by 6 further weeks of oral therapy.
From guidelines to standards of care for open tibial fractures
Authors: Trickett RW , Rahman S , Page P , Pallister I
Published: August 2015

Introduction

The standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb published by the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgeons (BAPRAS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) were introduced to improve the treatment received by patients after open injury to the lower limb. These Standards were released after BAPRAS/BOA published Guidelines for the management of open tibial fractures.

Methods

We wished to determine the impact of these Standards upon the surgical management of open tibial fractures by comparing patients admitted to an orthoplastic centre in the 45 months concluding December 2009 (the Guidelines era) with those admitted during 2011 (the Standards era). Surgical procedures required during the first 30 days and 12 months after injury were determined. Cases were divided into ‘directly admitted patients’ (DAP) and ‘transferred patients’ (TP). Standards-era patients were divided further into those who had surgery exclusively at the orthoplastic centre (orthoplastic patients (OPP)) and those transferred after surgery (TASP).

Results

The number of TP trebled in frequency in the Standards era, 25% of whom were transferred before surgery. Significantly fewer surgical procedures were required for DAP and OPP groups compared with TP (and TASP) groups in both eras (Mann–Whitney U-test, p=0.05). DAP and OPP groups during the Standards era underwent the fewest procedures, with the vast majority of cases treated with two or fewer procedures in the first 12 months (88% and 80%, respectively, compared with 61% in the Guidelines era). In the Guidelines era, 44% of TP cases and in the Standards era 39% of TP and 29% of TASP groups underwent two or fewer procedures. Approximately two-thirds of open tibial fractures managed in our orthoplastic centre were patients transferred after surgery. The greatest impact of the Standards was evident for those who underwent surgery exclusively in the orthoplastic centre, reflecting a more deliberate combined strategy.

Conclusion

These findings vindicate the Standards as well as mandating reorganisation and resourcing of orthoplastic services to ensure immediate transfer and early combined surgery. By increasing the capacity to deal with time-dependent initial surgery, the surgical burden that the patient must endure, and which the service must provide, are reduced.
Small bowel obstruction via herniation through an iatrogenic defect of the falciform ligament following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Dusu K , Dindyal S , Gadhvi V
Published: August 2015

Internal herniation of the small bowel through a defect in the falciform ligament and subsequent small bowel obstruction is exceedingly rare with the majority of previous cases being attributed to congenital abnormalities. As laparoscopic techniques approach the forefront of modern surgery, an iatrogenic source for a falciform ligament defect has emerged over the last decade. In this case, a 50-year-old patient presented with signs of acute small bowel obstruction 10 days after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. On diagnostic laparoscopy, part of the jejunum was found to have herniated through an opening in the falciform ligament. This was likely to have been caused by trauma during the cholecystectomy. Following relief of the obstruction, the defect was closed with polyglactin sutures.
Measurement Invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Argentina, Mexico and Nicaragua
Authors: Dimitrova Radosveta , Dominguez Espinosa Alejandra del Carmen
Published: August 2015

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) is one of the most widely used scales for the measurement of well-being. Nevertheless, its measurement invariance and factor structure have not been investigated simultaneously across culturally diverse samples in Latin America. The current paper evaluates the factorial structure and measurement invariance of SWLS (the degree to which the scale measurements conducted across different populations exhibit identical psychometric properties) as to provide solid and accurate basis for cultural group comparisons. We apply measurement invariance testing procedures using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to investigate the factorial structure and invariance of the scale across three cultural groups from Argentina, Mexico and Nicaragua. We also estimate and compare latent means of life satisfaction across groups. Participants were 921 adults (mean age 29.66, SD = 11.48) from Argentina (n = 192), Mexico (n = 421) and Nicaragua (n = 302). First, confirmatory factor analyzes (CFA) conducted separately for each cultural group provided support for the one-factor structure of the instrument. Second, the MGCFA showed good configural, metric and scalar invariance models, indicating similar patterns and strengths in factor loadings, means and intercepts across cultural samples. Third, latent mean comparisons did not show group differences in life satisfaction. We conclude that the SWLS is a brief and valid measure of life satisfaction that can be used for cross-cultural comparison with samples from Argentina, Mexico and Nicaragua.
Systematic Review of the Measurement Properties of Questionnaires for the Measurement of the Well-Being of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Žukauskienė Rita , Kaniušonytė Goda , Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė Inga , Malinauskienė Oksana
Published: August 2015

The objective of this study was to systematically review the psychometric properties of the measures used in assessing the psychosocial well-being status of children and adolescents. This review updates and expands on the previous review of the literature on child well-being in order to assess all available studies from 2000 to 2013 on the measurement properties of all available well-being assessment instruments that aim to measure the construct of well-being in childhood and adolescence. Overall, 182 measures designed for measuring child and adolescent well-being were found. These measures vary in length and structure from one item scales to multidimensional questionnaires with 70 items and more. Most of the instruments measure positive indicators of well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, quality of life, self-esteem, etc.), others measure deficit indicators (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, etc.), and a few instruments measure both positive and deficit indicators. In addition, there are some instruments with undefined modality of well-being. Thus, our study has revealed an ongoing theoretical shift from a deficit approach to well-being to a strengths-based approach. The results also indicate that the reliability information is reported for the majority of the instruments. The most frequently used reliability measure for all these instruments is the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient. The reports of validity are available for approximately one-third of the instruments. Measures of well-being in adolescence are dominant, however, some instruments are suitable for the measurement of well-being and its indicators in childhood, and some reach the period of emerging adulthood (19-21 years). Most of the studies were conducted in North America and Europe with only a few of them being cross-cultural.
PROGRAMAS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE NA GESTÃO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Carniatto Irene , Hennrich Junior Elio Jacob , Mota Jaqueline Grasiele de Oliveira
Published: August 2015

As instituições de Ensino Superior são, por princípio, geradoras de conhecimentos, formadoras de profissionais e cidadãos para todas as comunidades. Em tempo da maior crise ambiental de nossa era, as universidades e as faculdades têm formado profissionais e cidadãos conscientes e preparados para compreender, gerir e apresentar soluções para esta crise socioambiental que vivemos? Neste artigo são apresentados os dados da pesquisa desenvolvida na Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, uma pesquisa internacional denominada Projeto RISU - “Definición de indicadores y evaluación de los compromisos con la sostenibilidad en Universidades Latinoamericanas”. O estudo demonstrou que a universidade apresenta uma grande inserção social em sua região e desenvolve mais de uma centena de projetos sobre sustentabilidade, educação ambiental e meio ambiente, mas ainda não possui uma política integrada em seu plano estratégico ou de desenvolvimento institucional, necessitando reestruturar as políticas articuladas pelos eixos sustentabilidade, educação ambiental e meio ambiente.  
Phytoremediation of phenol using Polygonum orientale and its antioxidative response
Authors: Wang Kai , Cai Jin , Xie Shulian , Feng Jia , Wang Ting
Published: August 2015

Polygonum orientale with beautiful red flowers can be found as one dominant species in the vicinity of most water bodies and wetlands in China. However, its phytoremediation potential has not been sufficiently explored because little is known about its resistance to inorganic or organic pollutants. We investigated P. orientale response to low and moderate levels of phenol stress (≤ 80 mg L-1). Endpoints included phenol tolerance of P. orientale and the removal of the pollutant, antioxidant enzyme activities, damage to the cell membrane, osmotic regulators and photosynthetic pigments. In plant leaves, phenol stress significantly increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the contents of proline, soluble sugars and carotenoids, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), H2O2and electrolyte leakage (EL) levels remained unaltered. On the other hand, there were significant decreases of soluble protein and chlorophyll contents. We demonstrated that, in combination with phenol tolerance and its removal, P. orientale has efficient protection mechanisms against phenol-induced oxidative damage (≤ 80 mg L-1). We propose that P. orientale could be used as an alternative and interesting material in the phytoremediation of phenol.
ADM1-based modeling of anaerobic codigestion of maize silage and cattle manure – a feedstock characterisation for model implementation (part I) / Modelowanie kofermentacji kiszonki kukurydzy i obornika bydlęcego za pomocą ADM1 – charakterystyka wsadu surowcowego (część I)
Authors: Klimiuk Ewa , Gusiatin Zygmunt Mariusz ,   Bułkowska, Pokój Tomasz , Rynkowska Sabina
Published: August 2015

This paper presents the results of fractionation of particulate and soluble organic matter in a mixture of maize silage and cattle manure (49:51% volatile solids) that was used as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The extended Weender’s analysis was adapted to measure raw protein, raw lipids, fraction of carbohydrates (including starch, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and lignin. The content of individual fractions in composite, Xc (as kg COD kg-1 COD) was: 0.111 proteins, 0.048 lipids, 0.500 carbohydrates and 0.341 inerts. The biodegradability of Xc was 68%. Based on material balance, the carbon concentration in Xc was 0.0326 kmol C kg-1 COD, whereas nitrogen concentration 0.0018 kmol N kg-1 COD. The estimated pH of the feedstock based on acid-base equilibrium corresponded to the actual value (pH 7.14).
ADM1-based modeling of anaerobic codigestion of maize silage and cattle manure – calibration of parameters and model verification (part II) / Modelowanie kofermentacji kiszonki kukurydzy i obornika bydlęcego za pomocą ADM1 – kalibracja i weryfikacja modelu (część II)
Authors: Bułkowska Katarzyna , Białobrzewski Ireneusz , Gusiatin Zygmunt Mariusz , Klimiuk Ewa , Pokój Tomasz
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to implement ADM1xp model to simulate behavior of anaerobic co-digestion of maize silage and cattle manure. The accuracy of ADM1xp has been assessed against experimental data of anaerobic digestion, performed at OLR = 2.1 gVS dm-3·d-1and HRT = 45d. Due to the high number of parameters in ADM1xp, it was necessary to develop a customized procedure limiting the range of parameters to be estimated. The best fitting of experimental to simulated data was obtained after verification of 9 among 105 stoichiometric and kinetic parameters. The values of objective function (Jc) ranged between 0.003 (for valerate) and 211 (for biogas production).
The pyrolysis and gasification of digestate from agricultural biogas plant / Piroliza i gazyfikacja pofermentu z biogazowni rolniczych
Authors: Wiśniewski Dariusz , Gołaszewski Janusz , Białowiec Andrzej
Published: August 2015

Anaerobic digestion residue represents a nutrient rich resource which, if applied back on land, can reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and improve soil fertility. However, dewatering and further thermal processing of digestate may be recommended in certain situations. Limited applicability of digestate as fertilizer may appear, especially in winter, during the vegetation period or in areas where advanced eutrophication of arable land and water bodies is developing. The use of digestate may be also governed by different laws depending on whether it is treated as fertilizer, sewage sludge or waste. The aim of this paper is to present the effects of thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate by drying followed by pyrolysis and gasification. Pyrolysis was carried out at the temperature of about 500°C. During this process the composition of flammable gases was checked and their calorific value was assessed. Then, a comparative analysis of energy parameters of the digestate and the carbonizate was performed. Gasification of digestate was carried out at the temperature of about 850°C with use of CO2as the gasifi cation agent. Gasification produced gas with higher calorific value than pyrolysis, but carbonizate from pyrolysis had good properties to be used as a solid fuel
Modeling of the Tension and Compression Behavior of Sintered 316L Using Micro Computed Tomography
Authors: Doroszko Michał , Seweryn Andrzej
Published: August 2015

This paper describes the method of numerical modeling of the tension and compression behavior of sintered 316L. In order to take into account the shape of the mesostructures of materials in the numerical modeling, X-ray microtomography was used. Based on the micro-CT images, three-dimensional geometrical models mapped shapes of the porosity were generated. To the numerical calculations was used finite element method. Based on the received stress and strain fields was described the mechanism of deformation of the materials until fracture. The influence of material discontinuities at the mesoscopic scale on macromechanical properties of the porous materials was investigated.