bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling of ionic conductance in a fluctuating single-layer nanoporous membrane
Authors: Noh Yechan , Aluru N. R.
Published: November 2023

Single-layer membranes have emerged as promising candidates for applications requiring high transport rates due to their low resistance to molecular transport. Owing to their atomically thin structure, these membranes experience significant microscopic fluctuations, emphasizing the need to explore their impact on ion transport processes. In this study, we investigate the effects of membrane fluctuations on the elementary scaling behavior of ion conductance $$G$$
G
as a function of ion concentration $$c_{0}$$

c
0

, represented as $$G = \beta c_{0}^{\alpha }$$

G
=
β

c

0

α

, using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that membrane fluctuations not only alter the conductance coefficient $$\beta$$
β
but also the power-law exponent $$\alpha$$
α
. We identify two distinct frequency regimes of membrane fluctuations, GHz-scale and THz-scale fluctuations, and examine their roles in conductance scaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the alteration of conductance scaling arises from the non-linearity between ion conductance and membrane shape. This work provides a fundamental understanding of ion transport in fluctuating membranes.
Health literacy-related knowledge, attitude, perceived barriers, and practice among primary care doctors in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed-Yassin Mohamed-Syarif , Daher Aqil M. , Ramli Anis Safura , Ramli Nabilah Farhana , Baharudin Noorhida
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the health literacy (HL) related knowledge, attitude, perceived barriers, and practice among primary care doctors (PCDs) in Malaysia, and to determine the factors associated with HL-related practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Sociodemographic and work-related details were collected. HL-related knowledge, attitude, perceived barriers, and practice were assessed. Descriptive and inferential analyses using linear regression were performed. 373 PCDs were included in the study with a mean (SD) age of 37.9 (8.1) years old. The mean (SD) HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 6.89 (1.27), 36.33 (7.04), and 30.14 (4.7), respectively. 90.9% of the participants had good HL-related knowledge scores, and 89.5% had positive HL-related attitude. More than 80% of participants found that “time constraint to implement health literacy screening” and “lack of human resources to administer HL screening tools in their settings” were among the barriers for them to implement HL practices. PCDs of Chinese and other ethnicities had lower HL-related practice scores compared to those of Malay ethnicity (adjusted b = − 1.74; 95% CI − 2.93, − 0.54, and − 2.94; 95% CI − 5.27, − 0.60, respectively). PCDs who had heard of the term “health literacy” were associated with higher HL-related practice scores (adjusted b = 2.32; 95% CI 1.17, 3.47). Age (adjusted b = 0.10; 95% CI 0.04, 0.16) had significant linear positive relationship with HL-related practice. In conclusion, the HL-related knowledge, attitude, and practice among PCDs in Malaysia were at an acceptable level. Along with educating PCDs on HL, the perceived barriers identified need to be addressed to improve the HL-related practice and ultimately patient care.
A large-scale integrated vector–matrix multiplication processor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide memories
Authors: Migliato Marega Guilherme , Ji Hyun Goo , Wang Zhenyu , Pasquale Gabriele , Tripathi Mukesh , Radenovic Aleksandra , Kis Andras
Published: November 2023

Data-driven algorithms—such as signal processing and artificial neural networks—are required to process and extract meaningful information from the massive amounts of data currently being produced in the world. This processing is, however, limited by the traditional von Neumann architecture with its physical separation of processing and memory, which motivates the development of in-memory computing. Here we report an integrated 32 × 32 vector–matrix multiplier with 1,024 floating-gate field-effect transistors that use monolayer molybdenum disulfide as the channel material. In our wafer-scale fabrication process, we achieve a high yield and low device-to-device variability, which are prerequisites for practical applications. A statistical analysis highlights the potential for multilevel and analogue storage with a single programming pulse, allowing our accelerator to be programmed using an efficient open-loop programming scheme. We also demonstrate reliable, discrete signal processing in a parallel manner.
Molecular dissection of the soluble photosynthetic antenna from the cryptophyte alga Hemiselmis andersenii
Authors: Rathbone Harry W. , Laos Alistair J. , Michie Katharine A. , Iranmanesh Hasti , Biazik Joanna , Goodchild Sophia C. , Thordarson Pall , Green Beverley R. , Curmi Paul M. G.
Published: November 2023

Cryptophyte algae have a unique phycobiliprotein light-harvesting antenna that fills a spectral gap in chlorophyll absorption from photosystems. However, it is unclear how the antenna transfers energy efficiently to these photosystems. We show that the cryptophyte Hemiselmis andersenii expresses an energetically complex antenna comprising three distinct spectrotypes of phycobiliprotein, each composed of two αβ protomers but with different quaternary structures arising from a diverse α subunit family. We report crystal structures of the major phycobiliprotein from each spectrotype. Two-thirds of the antenna consists of open quaternary form phycobiliproteins acting as primary photon acceptors. These are supplemented by a newly discovered open-braced form (~15%), where an insertion in the α subunit produces ~10 nm absorbance red-shift. The final components (~15%) are closed forms with a long wavelength spectral feature due to substitution of a single chromophore. This chromophore is present on only one β subunit where asymmetry is dictated by the corresponding α subunit. This chromophore creates spectral overlap with chlorophyll, thus bridging the energetic gap between the phycobiliprotein antenna and the photosystems. We propose that the macromolecular organization of the cryptophyte antenna consists of bulk open and open-braced forms that transfer excitations to photosystems via this bridging closed form phycobiliprotein.
Known mechanisms cannot account for a third of reduced susceptibility in non-aureus staphylococci
Authors: Felgate Heather , Crossman Lisa C. , Gray Elizabeth , Clifford Rebecca , Correia Annapaula , Dean Rachael , Wain John , Langridge Gemma C.
Published: November 2023

Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are implicated in many healthcare-acquired infections and an understanding of the genetics of antimicrobial resistance is important in relation to both clinical intervention and the role of NAS as a reservoir of resistance genes. Gap statement: The burden of antimicrobial resistance in NAS, particularly to clinically relevant antimicrobials, is under-recognised. We sourced 394 NAS isolates from clinical samples, healthy human volunteers, animals and type cultures and subjected them to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing by agar dilution using eight antimicrobials. Cefoxitin was used to screen for methicillin resistance, as it stimulates the expression of mecA in S. aureus. We performed whole genome sequencing on 366 isolates and analysed these genotypically for the presence of genetic mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic levels of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility. We observed 175 sequenced isolates with a MIC ≥ 4 µg/ml to cefoxitin, of which 50% did not harbour a known mec homologue. Eight clinical NAS isolates displayed high daptomycin MICs (>4 µg/ml), with no known mechanism identified. Differences in MICs against erythromycin were attributable to the presence of different resistance genes (msrA and ermC). In total, 49% of isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to three or more of the antimicrobials tested. The widespread presence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in NAS is concerning. An increased likelihood of harder-to-treat infections caused directly by NAS with acquired resistance genes has clinical implications for AMR detection, the horizontal resistance gene pool and the management of patients.
Starch-based Biopolymer Films
Authors: Travalini A. , Demiate I. , Lamsal B.
Published: November 2023

The development of starch-based films has been extensively studied in recent years due to their biodegradable properties as well as technological properties suitable for application. Starches from distinct sources present unique characteristics resulting in different film properties, such as barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties. The addition of reinforcements to starch films also influences their technological potential. There are several studies that report improvement in film properties by various reinforcements, mainly organic or inorganic nanoparticles. The methods of film production, the plasticizers used, starch type, and concentration of added reinforcements influence the film characteristics. Further studies are necessary to optimize conditions for obtaining low-cost starch-based films aiming at high performance for industrial applications with consequent reduction in environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging.
Analysis of the volatile monoterpene composition of citrus essential oils by photoelectron spectroscopy employing continuously monitored dynamic headspace sampling
Authors: Ganjitabar Hassan , Hadidi Rim , Garcia Gustavo A. , Nahon Laurent , Powis Ivan
Published: November 2023

Monoterpene composition of the volatile headspace of citrus oils can be extracted from the information in their structured photoelectron spectra, opening the way towards rapid ambient temperature analysis by direct sampling without prior separation.
Conductive phthalocyanine-based porous organic polymer as sensing platform for rapid determination of vanillin
Authors: Xiang Gang , Xu Wensi , Zhuge Wenfeng , Huang Qing , Zhang Cuizhong , Peng Jinyun
Published: November 2023

A conductive phthalocyanine-based porous organic polymer (NiPc-CC POP) was synthesized and used as a conductive catalyst for electrochemical detection of Van with good performance.
A facile mixed complex synthesis method for perovskite oxides toward electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Lu Hui , Wu Danyang , Gu Yue , Sun Wenxin , Yang Xiaojian , Li Wenxuan , Shuai Honglei , Zhao Xinsheng
Published: November 2023

The perovskite-type oxides synthesized by a facile EDTA/citric acid mixed complex sol–gel method exhibit good electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance.
Access to isoindole-derived BODIPYs by an aminopalladation cascade
Authors: von Köller Heinrich F. , Geffers Finn J. , Kalvani Pedram , Foraita Adrian , Loß Patrick-Eric J. , Butschke Burkhard , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: November 2023

A fast access to isoindole BODIPYs by employing an aminopalladation cascade is presented. Depending on the termination mode either meso-aryl or meso-alkynyl BODIPYs are obtained.
The boson peak in silicate glasses: insight from molecular dynamics
Authors: El Hamdaoui Ahmed , Ghardi El Mehdi , Atila Achraf , Jabraoui Hicham , Badawi Michael , Hasnaoui Abdellatif , Ouaskit Said
Published: November 2023

The correlation between the boson peak intensities, the structural and elastic properties of silicate glasses (ternary and binary systems) are discussed in addition to an anomalous behavior of lithium compared to the other alkali oxide modifiers.
Janus 2H-MXTe (M = Zr, Hf; X = S, Se) monolayers with outstanding thermoelectric properties and low lattice thermal conductivities
Authors: Lin Ying-Qin , Yang Qiu , Wang Zhao-Qi , Geng Hua-Yun , Cheng Yan
Published: November 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention in recent thermoelectric studies. The Janus 2H-MXTe (M = Zr and Hf; X = S and Se) monolayers, as the 2D materials with classic configuration, have demonstrated exceptional thermoelectric performance in theoretical studies.
Highly efficient sunlight-driven photo-adsorptive degradation of organic pollutants by green synthesized Z-scheme heterojunction CeO2@ZnO nanocomposite
Authors: Rani Manviri , Keshu  , Shanker Uma
Published: November 2023

Creating a high-efficiency heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic properties is considered a promising approach to wastewater decontamination.
Magnetic assembly of plasmonic chiral superstructures with dynamic chiroptical responses
Authors: Wu Chaolumen , Fan Qingsong , Li Zhiwei , Ye Zuyang , Yin Yadong
Published: November 2023

A chiral magnetic field brings magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles into close proximity, enabling plasmonic coupling and imparting chirality to resulting superstructures, and consequently, dynamic tunability of plasmonic chiroptical properties.
Metal dimer nanojunction-magnetic material composites for magnetic field sensing
Authors: Chen Gang-Yi , Liu Fang-Chih , Hsu Su-Wen
Published: November 2023

As a magnetic field sensor, the dimer nanojunction composite has a highly sensitive Raman scattering spectrum under an external magnetic field, which is caused by a change in the nanocrystal spacing in the dimer nanojunction.
Complementarity of two proteomic data analysis tools in the identification of drug-metabolising enzymes and transporters in human liver
Authors: Vasilogianni Areti-Maria , Alrubia Sarah , El-Khateeb Eman , Al-Majdoub Zubida M. , Couto Narciso , Achour Brahim , Rostami-Hodjegan Amin , Barber Jill
Published: November 2023

Two widely-used proteomic tools were compared, for the first time with precious healthy human liver samples from healthy volunteers, to form the basis of secure data-handling.
Poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-encapsulated upconverting nanoparticles prepared by miniemulsion polymerization: morphology, chemical stability, antifouling properties and toxicity evaluation
Authors: Vasylyshyn Taras , Patsula Vitalii , Filipová Marcela , Konefal Rafal Lukasz , Horák Daniel
Published: November 2023

Highly colloidally stable upconverting nanoparticles encapsulated in poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) by RAFT miniemulsion polymerization were non-toxic and exhibited antifouling properties.
Fine-tuning of the charge-separated state energy in compact orthogonal naphthalene–phenoxazine dyads and its effect on the thermally-activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Tang Jieyu , Liu Xi , Zhang Xue , Zhao Jianzhang , Wan Yan
Published: November 2023

The tuning of the TADF property by changing the electron donating or withdrawing magnitude is achieved in electron donor–acceptor dyads.
Designing visible-light-responsive La2Ti2O7 photocatalysts by surface co-doping of nonmetal and metal combinations
Authors: Yang Shuyuan , Qu He , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2023

The suitable combination of metal and nonmetal dopants on the surface can efficiently decrease the band gap and enhance the activities of HER and OER of La2Ti2O7.
A cooperative effect of copper-induction and AIE leading to bright luminescence of gold nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Feng Luyao , Luan Jingyan , Zhang Guomei , Sheng Ning , Shen Jinglin
Published: November 2023

Addition of Cu2+ into a weakly emissive AuNC solution induces the in situ formation of Cu(i)–thiolates, which then co-assemble with AuNCs to form micrometer-scale spherical aggregates, accompanied by a distinct emission enhancement.
A novel three-component coupling reaction of aryne, CN derivatives, and acrylonitrile
Authors: Wu Yangang , Cai Wenbo , Yu Lulu , Chang Junbiao , Song Chuanjun
Published: November 2023

A three-component aryne coupling reaction with CN derivatives as a nucleophile, and acrylonitrile as a third component, acting as both a proton donor and a nucleophile, has been developed.
Inorganic polyphosphate and the regulation of mitochondrial physiology
Authors: Da Costa Renata T. , Riggs Lindsey M. , Solesio Maria E.
Published: November 2023

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient polymer that is well-conserved throughout evolution. It is formed by multiple subunits of orthophosphates linked together by phosphoanhydride bonds. The presence of these bonds, which are structurally similar to those found in ATP, and the high abundance of polyP in mammalian mitochondria, suggest that polyP could be involved in the regulation of the physiology of the organelle, especially in the energy metabolism. In fact, the scientific literature shows an unequivocal role for polyP not only in directly regulating oxidative a phosphorylation; but also in the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism, mitochondrial free calcium homeostasis, and the formation and opening of mitochondrial permeability transitions pore. All these processes are closely interconnected with the status of mitochondrial bioenergetics and therefore play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial and cell physiology. In this invited review, we discuss the main scientific literature regarding the regulatory role of polyP in mammalian mitochondrial physiology, placing a particular emphasis on its impact on energy metabolism. Although the effects of polyP on the physiology of the organelle are evident; numerous aspects, particularly within mammalian cells, remain unclear and require further investigation. These aspects encompass, for example, advancing the development of more precise analytical methods, unraveling the mechanism responsible for sensing polyP levels, and understanding the exact molecular mechanism that underlies the effects of polyP on mitochondrial physiology. By increasing our understanding of the biology of this ancient and understudied polymer, we could unravel new pharmacological targets in diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction, including energy metabolism dysregulation, has been broadly described.
Non‐fungible token‐based health record marketplace
Authors: Kumar Valli S , Lee John J. , Hu Qin
Published: November 2023

With an increasing affinity towards patient‐centric care, sharing real‐time sensitive data for collaboration between multiple parties with finer access control becomes critical. Most existing studies based on the blockchain technology in the medical field discuss various application scenarios and security aspects, without focusing on data ownership, secure data sharing, or finer access control. In this work, a non‐fungible token (NFT)‐based system is proposed to implement a health record marketplace. The system leverages the NFT technology to provide dual ownership along with finer access control and efficiency in data sharing. The advantage of permissioned blockchain along with InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) are taken for off‐chain data storage to improve security and efficiency. Because price determination is critical in the market, Stackelberg game theory is utilized to determine pricing strategies for both data owners and consumers. Also, to efficiently achieve finer access control, a popularity‐based adaptive NFT management scheme using reinforcement learning is proposed. Simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of our proposed schemes.
A selection principle of submodule switching state vectors for switching frequency reduction in voltage self‐balancing half‐bridge modular multilevel converters
Authors: Zhou Yiyuan , Qin Liang , Yang Shiqi , Wang Qing , Liu Kaipei
Published: November 2023

The problem of submodule switching frequency reduction in half‐bridge modular multilevel converters (HB‐MMCs) with capacitor voltage self‐balancing control is considered and explored in this paper. A selection principle of submodule switching state vectors is proposed based on the voltage self‐balancing switching state matrix, aiming to lower submodule switching frequency and device losses. The relationship between system stability and submodule switching signals is revealed according to the capacitor voltage self‐balancing characteristics, and the full‐rank constraints on the voltage self‐balancing switching state matrix are proposed. Considering the tradeoff between switching loss and capacitor voltage fluctuation, the evaluation indexes of voltage self‐balancing control effect are determined. The selection principle of submodule switching state vectors and the optimized construction method of switching state matrix are presented. Voltage self‐balancing HB‐MMC models are built in MATLAB/Simulink, and it is verified that the submodule switching state vector selection principle proposed in this study can effectively reduce switching frequency while meeting the evaluation requirements of practical engineering projects, so as to achieve the balance between switching loss and steady‐state capacitor voltage fluctuation.
Effectiveness of adding monosodium glutamate to an artificial feed on the growth and survival of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Authors: Suharman Indra , Siagian Desi Rahmadani , Aryani Netti , Halil Fitrahadi , Subiantoro Yusuf
Published: November 2023

The problems in Asian Redtail Catfish farming are low growth and survival rate. Therefore, it is necessary to provide adequate feed to increase the production. One of these important nutrients is glutamine which can be obtained in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding MSG to feed on the growth and survival rate of Asian Redtail Catfish. Five experimental diets with graded levels of MSG were used, i.e. P0 as the control (0.0 g kg-1 feed), P1 (0.5 g kg-1 feed), P2 (1.0 g kg-1 feed), P3 (1.5 g kg-1 feed), and P4 (2.0 g kg-1 feed) with three replications. Twenty Asian Redtail Catfish juveniles were randomly distributed into aquarium (10 L in capacity) and kept in conditions without changing water. The fish were fed three times a day to apparent satiation at 08.00 AM, 01.00 PM, and 06.00 PM. The fish on MSG supplemented diets had higher final body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, MSG treatment groups had increased feed intake and feed efficiency, but there were no significant differences in final mean body weight. In conclusion, the current study showed that adding MSG to the diet could enhance growth and survival of Asian Redtail Catfish.
Re-maturation of wild banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) broodstock in tank
Authors: Suwoyo Damar , Nur Abidin , Suryati  , Ruliaty Lisa , Soleh Mohamad
Published: November 2023

The amount of post spawning of F. merguiensis broodstocks were subjected to further culture for three months period and fed various diets under recirculation system. The aim of the study was to evaluate their reproductive performances and seed production parameters. The broodstocks were fed a fresh diet consisting of chopped squid and Nereis sp, combined with a maturation diet (Skretting-Crude Protein: 59%). After the three-month culture period, a total of 17 pairs of broodstocks (53.53 ± 7.0 g for females and 28 ± 2.39 g for males) were selected, ablated, and reared for another ten days. Reproductive performance of these broodstocks and the post-larvae produced were observed. Broodstock’s performance in terms of egg and nauplii production was comparable to that naturally matured (wild) brooders. The average nauplii production was 250,000 individuals, with a latency period starting on the third day after ablation, and 77% of the broodstocks spawned within the given period. Furthermore, larval survival was high and reaching up to 40% until Pl-10. In conclusion, banana shrimp broodstocks can be maintained for certain period while maintaining their reproductive performance, if the diets and environmental parameters are kept within favorable conditions.
Carotenoid pigment content and skin microscopic appearance of cultured Ajamaru Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis)
Authors: Murniasih Siti , Nur Bastiar , Sholichah Lili , Rohmy Sulasy , Kadarini Tutik , Sukarman Sukarman
Published: November 2023

The color of Ajamaru Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis), which is adapted to the tank culture tends to decrease in brightness and become dull. It is necessary to improve the quality of color, especially through the diet. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the supplementation of carotenoid on the diet on the amount of carotenoid pigments and the microscopic appearance of the skin, fins, and scales of the Ajamaru rainbowfish. The research used a factorial design, consisting of two factors and three replications. The Factors were three different diets (carotenoid-free diet, astaxanthin, and lutein diet) as factor 1, and gender (male and female) as factor 2. The observed data were carotenoid content in fins, skin, and flesh; the microscopic appearance of fins and scales was measured at the end of the study. The results showed that the supplementation of astaxanthin and lutein to the feed increased the content of carotenoid pigments in the fins and scales of the Ajamaru rainbowfish; the highest values in the fins and skin of the male fish were 202.90 and 8.53 ppm, respectively. The effect of astaxanthin and lutein supplementation on color can be observed microscopically in the tissue of scales and fins.
The effect of diets suplemented with different natural foods on growth and feed utilization of snakehead (Channa striata)
Authors: Hasan Bustari , Iriani Dian , Warningsih Trisla , Caipang Christopher Marlowe A. , Suharman Indra
Published: November 2023

A sixty day feeding study was performed to determine the impact of diets enriched with various natural foods on growth and feed utilization of snakehead. Six hundred fingerlings weighing 4.33 to 4.71 g each fish were randomly stocked into 4 triplicate plastic tanks (1x1x1.5 m), fifty fish each tank. Four isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing 45% crude protein and 18.5 KJ g-1gross energy were formulated. Control diet was formulated using fishmeal, salted trash fish, tofu by-product meal, rice bran, vitamin and mineral mix. The three diets were prepared with the same ingredients as control diet but were supplemented with 15% fresh earth worm (W), golden snail (S) and frog (F), respectively. The diets were fed to the fish at 6% body weight, twice daily for 60 days. Feeding the fish with diet F and S did not influence fish survival rate, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention. However, feeding the fish with diet W increased weight gain and feed intake. It can be concluded that the supplementation of snakehead diet with fresh worm can improve growth performance and feed intake by the fish.
Substitution of fish meal with maggot meal (Hermetia Illucens) on the survival and growth performance of snakehead (Channa Striata)
Authors: Fitriliyani Indira , Bijaksana Untung , Siswanto  , Hanafie Agussyarife , Murdjani Akhmad , Olga  , Fatmawati  , Aisiah Siti , Kartika Rini Ririn , Prayitno Devisa
Published: November 2023

The high protein content and complete nutrition are the main reasons for maggots as a source of animal protein for fish feed. This research aims to substitute fish meal (FM) in feed with maggots meal (MM) in snake head fish formulation feed. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications A(100%FM), BFM75%; MM25%), C (FM50%;MM50%), D(25FM;75%MM). Feeding was carried out 4 times a day for 60 days with a density of 1 fish/l. The results of the ANOVA statistical test on survival and relative weight showed that there were no significant differences between all treatments. The survival value of treatments A, B, C and D was >90%, the highest relative weight gain was on the 30th day of treatment C (23.52 ± 2.37), on the 60th day the relative weight value for all treatments was between 39, 86±4.68 to 42.76±3.90. Treatment C showed the best feed responsibility and feed storage for up to ± 2.5 months. Fat analysis will be higher by increasing the percentage of maggot meal in the feed. It was concluded that the use of fish meal substitution with maggot meal up to 75% in feed can still be used for rearing snakehead fish
Evaluation of freshwater fish farming to support food security
Authors: Kusdiarti  , Kusnendar Mulyana Kontara Endhay , Emmawati Hadie Lies , Wening Maharani Putri Annisa , Saputra Adang , Heru Prihadi Tri , Nugroho Estu
Published: November 2023

Food security is defined as a condition of fulfilling the nutritional needs of the community through the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, evenly distributed and affordable by everyone. The research was conducted in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province using survey method and literature study. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed qualitatively, descriptively, and quantitatively. The results showed that the main production of freshwater aquaculture in Banten Province in 2019 was catfish (17.8 million tons), followed by tilapia (5.44 million tons), carp (5.40 million tons), tilapia (3.2 million tons), and tawes (540 thousand tons). Meanwhile, fish farming production in Pandeglang reached 5.176 million tons in 2019, dominated by catfish, carp, and tilapia. Catfish farming that has the prospect to be developed, as one of the elements of household food security in Pandeglang Regency is fish farming with a bucket system or known as “budikdamber”. Based on a brief study in the field, both technically and economically feasible, catfish cultivation in buckets is more potential. If used for household protein supply needs that contribute to food security, and as a support/additional source of family economy.
The sedimentation and shoreline change on the coast of Tanjung Kapal Cape, Rupat Island
Authors: Rifardi Rifardi , Nedi Syahril , Aminah Arika Febriani
Published: November 2023

Tanjung Kapal is a cape area located on Rupat Island and is influenced by the oceanographic characteristics of the Rupat Strait. This research was conducted in June 2022 to provide information about the level of accretion on the coast of Tanjung Kapal from 2002 to 2020. The research was carried out through two steps : 1) processing of secondary data using Landsat Imagery Data, and 2) collection of sediment samples using a sediment grab, along with oceanographic observations (currents, tides, and waves) at the coast. Statistical calculations used to determine the accretion rate at Tanjung Kapal included EPR (End Point Rate) and NSM (Net Shoreline Movement), which are features of the DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System). The results showed that the accretion rate on the coast of Tanjung Kapal ranged from 5.5 to 21.36 meters per year over the 18-year period. The waves at Tanjung Kapal have a height of 0.12 m with a period of 2 s, and current velocity of 0.16 m/s flowing towards the northwest. Accretion is thought to be due to a system of currents and waves flowing along the Tanjung Kapal beach, which carries sediment and then accumulates along the coast. Additionally, the coastal sediments, dominated by the gravel sand fraction with a sand percentage of 57.97%, are derived from the Rupat Strait by the current system.
Factor affecting the willingness to adopt good aquaculture practices (GAPs) in traditional shrimp farming in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Tarunamulia Tarunamulia , Ratnawati Erna , Kamariah Kamariah , Asaf Ruzkiah , Athirah Admi
Published: November 2023

This study explores the factors influencing shrimp farmers’ adoption of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAPs) in traditionally managed aquaculture ponds cluster in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The factors influencing shrimp farmers’ decision to apply GAPs to traditional ponds in Pinrang Regency were analyzed using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis results showed that shrimp farmers’ willingness to adopt GAPs was strongly influenced by their attitude that GAPs can increase their production or income, improve a positive reputation in society, and contribute to improving the aquaculture environment. Meanwhile, the main impetus for adopting GAPs came from exporters or local entrepreneurs and directives and assistance from the relevant government, universities, and academics. The shrimp farmers believe that to maximize the level of application and the adoption of GAPs, improving pond engineering and managing environmental limiting factors are of high priority. The decline in aquaculture pond water quality is closely related to the condition of ponds with problems exchanging water, particularly disposing of aquaculture waste after the operation.
Assessing the Economic Losses Impact on Buildings Based on Tsunami Hazard in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Al Farizi Muhammad Daffa , Syamsidik  , Mubarak
Published: November 2023

Tsunami, caused by undersea seismic activity, pose a severe threat to coastal areas worldwide. Apart from the loss of human lives, these colossal waves result in substantial economic damages. Their recurrence is tied to earthquakes, thus the probabilistic occurrence of tsunami resulting from earthquakes tends to have the same potential recurrence period as the earthquake events. The devastating tsunami that struck Aceh, Indonesia, on December 26, 2004, serves as a tragic example of the economic losses caused by tsunami. The tsunami’s impact on Aceh’s economy was profound, requiring long-term efforts to rebuild critical infrastructure and revive economic activities. Based on the 2004 tsunami event, it was learned that tsunami occur with the same return period as earthquakes. Therefore, this study is an extension aimed at identifying the economic losses resulting from a tsunami hazard. The tsunami modeling utilizes the numerical method COMCOT with a magnitude of 9.2 Mw. To assess building damage, the fragility function equation is employed to determine the percentage of damage to structures. We simulate the losses resulting from a tsunami with a magnitude 9.2 Mw, focusing only on buildings in Banda Aceh. The buildings are classified according to the Hazard United States (HAZUS). We have found that the losses caused by tsunami disasters on buildings are significant. This makes tsunami one of the disasters with a major economic impact. This information is crucial in determining the potential losses from disasters and estimating the expected maximum financial costs.
Closing the Resilience Gap: A Preliminary Study on Establishing the National Fragility Curve Catalog for Multi-Hazard Assessment in Indonesia
Authors: Ulza Adrian , Idris Yunita , Asyifa Cut Nella , Irvansyah Rifqi
Published: November 2023

This research paper presents a preliminary study aimed at closing the resilience gap in Indonesia through the establishment of a national fragility curve catalog for multi-hazard assessment. Indonesia is located in a high-risk hazard area, yet it currently lacks a comprehensive fragility curve catalog, which hinders effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. By developing this database, the study aims to improve the understanding of structural vulnerability and enhance resilience planning across various hazards, such as earthquake, tsunami, wind, and flood. The research methodology involves collecting and analyzing data on the performance of different building types, exposed to multiple hazards. This includes considering various factors such as construction materials, design standards, and geographical characteristics. Statistical techniques and analytical modeling will be utilized to derive fragility curves that depict the probability of exceeding different damage levels or performance states given a specific hazard intensity. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the vulnerability of infrastructure and communities in Indonesia, enabling more informed decision-making for disaster risk reduction and resilience planning. The fragility curve database will facilitate quantitative risk assessments, support the development of appropriate building codes and standards, and inform the prioritization of mitigation measures. Ultimately, the establishment of a national fragility curve database will contribute to enhancing Indonesia's resilience to multi-hazard events and improving disaster preparedness at various scales.
Social Vulnerability and Regional Capacity of The Cilegon City and Serang Regency from Tsunami Hazard
Authors: Yuliana Diyah Krisna , Riyandari Ritha , Qonita Zulfa , Marwanta Bambang , Tiwi Dwi Abad , Frederik Marina C.G. , Astisiasari Astisiasari
Published: November 2023

Resilience is the social ability for adaptation, which is determined by the extent to which the social system can learn from past disasters to better protect itself in the future and improve risk reduction measures. Historically, the Cilegon City and Serang Regency experienced several tsunami events with innumerable losses, which may indicate low resiliency. The research locations focused on five districts in the Cilegon City and Serang Regency, there are 30 villages, and the village area is used as a unit of analysis. Quantitative data analysis using scoring and weighting factors measures social vulnerability and regional capacity. A classification scheme was conducted to distinguish social vulnerabilities and capacities among the villages, namely low, moderate, and high. The results show that Citangkil Village has the highest social vulnerability score (0.899), while Mangunreja Village has the lowest (0.054). The Argawana Village achieved the highest score of regional capacity (0.965), and the Samang Raya Village had the lowest (0.540). This study shows that a high level of social vulnerability is directly affected by population density. Meanwhile, a high level of regional capacity is strongly influenced by disaster preparedness, disaster prevention, and mitigation.
Tsunami Risk Assessment on Public Facilities in Southern Part of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Nurmaya Acintya , Suryo Herbanu Pranoto , Ma’rifatun Nisaa’ Ratri , ‘Arifati Azmiyatul , Alihusni Wardana Randy , Sahid  , Andika Firmansyah Reosa , Yogo Yudhanti Fatah
Published: November 2023

The southern part of Java Island is susceptible to tsunamis as its role as a subduction zone between Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. On July 17, 2006, a tsunami struck Java's south coast triggered by an earthquake and affected more than 300 km of shoreline, as well as claimed more than 730 casualties. It is important to assess the risk in the southern part of Java. This research aims to analyze tsunami risk assessments on public facilities in the southern part of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The Tsunami hazard map was created by using tsunami modeling from BMKG. Public facilities footprint such as health facilities, religious facilities and school were derived from data provided by Open Street Map (OSM). The Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment (PTVA) model, specifically developed to estimate the relative vulnerability of buildings to tsunami hazards, is used to generate a building vulnerability map. A geographic information system (GIS) was utilized to calculate and visualize the hazard, vulnerability, and risk map. A total of 394 buildings were analyzed with the results that public facilities in three sub-districts, namely Srandakan, Sanden and Kretek, had varying levels of building vulnerability ranging from minor, moderate, average and high with RVI values ranging from 1.5 to 3.4. Additionally, tsunami risk assessment of public facilities indicates that buildings within Bantul Regency are categorized as having very high, high, moderate, or low levels of building risk.
Analysis on the Causative Fault of the 2021 Mw 6.0 Tehoru Earthquake in the South Coast of Seram Island: A Preliminary Result
Authors: Daniarsyad Gatut , Priyobudi Priyobudi , Puspita Cahyaningrum Aprilia , Gigih Wibisono Dayu , Prabu Dwi Sriyanto Sesar , Rosid Abdul , Pranata Bayu , Gunawan Indra , Fatchurochman Iman , Daryono Daryono
Published: November 2023

Seram Island is the northern part of the Banda subduction which is characterized by the existence of a thrust fault structure in the Seram Trough as the main contributor to seismicity in this region. Complex tectonic activity also forms a deformation zone of the Kawa Fault with a sinistral strike slip mechanism and high-angle normal faults in the mainland. On June 16, 2021 a Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred on the south coast of Seram, in Tehoru to be precise, which followed by a small tsunami wave which is thought to have been generated by an underwater landslide. This earthquake has a normal fault mechanism which is quite rare on Seram Island, however, the actual fault plane that caused the earthquake is still unknown. In this study, we investigate potential faults that may have caused the 2021 Tehoru earthquake by performing a seismicity analysis using well relocated hypocenter of the mainshock and the aftershocks sequence. We use the double-difference relocation method with the SVD algorithm performed in the hypoDD program. The results show the distribution of aftershocks that form a northeast-southwest trending lineation. The depth of the hypocenter has also improved from being dominated by fixed depth to being varied with dominance at depths of 8-14 km. An important feature of the relocation results is that the aftershocks distributed downward along a ~35° northwest-dipping plane which indicates a southwest-northeast fault orientation. This result confirmed by using geodetic observations that shows a horizontal displacement of 14 mm toward northwest direction and a land subsidence of 14 mm. This southwest-northeast oriented fault structure is thought to be associated with high-angle normal fault resulting from a north-south extension activity in the central part of Seram Island. The results of this study indicate the existence of other local fault structure in the Seram Island which can be used as a basis for seismic hazard assessment, other than seismic activities from Seram Trough and Kawa Fault.
Digital Technology as a Resilience-Enhancing Tool for SMEs in Earthquake-Prone Developing Countries
Authors: Chan Syafruddin , Jalaluddin  , Asni Kurnia
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of digital technologies in enhancing the resilience of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in developing countries, amidst natural disasters. Frequent earthquakes in Aceh, Indonesia, not only pose a medical emergency but also disrupt businesses, demanding adaptability and resilience. SMEs, constrained by limited resources, face heightened vulnerability. Drawing from a survey of 30 SME owners in Indonesia, this research reveals the pivotal role played by digital technology in enabling SMEs to withstand disasters, strengthen their operations, and ensure their continuity. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative and quantitative research methods. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the research problem by gathering different types of data. The qualitative data from interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis. This involves identifying recurring themes and patterns related to digital technology adoption and SME resilience.The findings of the study address a significant gap in existing literature, shedding light on the specific challenges faced by SMEs in developing countries and their strategies for digital transformation. From this preliminary study, two practical recommendations emerge. Firstly, SMEs are encouraged to invest in the adoption and integration of digital technology across various facets of their operations. This entails leveraging digital communication channels, harnessing cloud computing and ecommerce platforms, utilizing data analytics for informed decision-making, and exploring automation where applicable. These digital tools empower SMEs to enhance operational efficiency, elevate customer engagement, and adapt to evolving market dynamics. Secondly, the responsibility lies with tech developers and policymakers to support SMEs on their digital transformation journey. Tech developers can make significant contributions by designing user-friendly and cost-effective digital solutions tailored to the unique needs of SMEs in developing countries. Policymakers can foster an enabling environment by enacting supportive policies, providing essential financial incentives, and advocating partnerships between SMEs and technology providers. These concerted efforts pave the way for SMEs to thrive amidst challenges and contribute to heir sustained growth and prosperity.
A Call for Inclusive Disaster Risk Financing in Indonesia: Addressing Vulnerabilities in High-Risk Areas
Authors: Felix Wisnu Handoyo , Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe , Purwanto  , Ikval Suardi , Chitra Indah Yuliana , Erla Mychelisda , Irwanda Wisnu Wardhana , Agus Eko Nugroho
Published: November 2023

Earthquakes are a growing threat to Indonesia, with limited resources for risk mitigation. The current reliance on government relief is unsustainable. Despite Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management, inclusive disaster risk financing schemes have yet to be established. This study aims to provide evidence for disaster risk financing strategies in Indonesia, focusing on geological disasters in active fault areas with high population density. Aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) Priority 2, this study seeks to address the financial impact of disasters on governments and societies. By analyzing responses to risk financing following the November 21, 2022 earthquake in Cianjur Regency, this study examines emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and willingness to participate in risk insurance. The findings highlight low participation in insurance programs due to limited insurance literacy and low enrollment in micro earthquake insurance. Material losses from the Cianjur earthquake impose a significant financial burden on the government. There is a critical need for disaster insurance schemes, especially for homes and fixed assets at high risk of land loss due to landslides. Willingness to participate varies among different socioeconomic backgrounds. This article emphasizes the urgency of implementing disaster risk financing in Indonesia, with a focus on the vulnerability of poor and low-income households.