bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liposome‐Supported Peritoneal Dialysis for the Treatment of Hyperammonemia‐Associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Agostoni Valentina , Lee Soo Hyeon , Forster Vincent , Kabbaj Meriam , Bosoi Cristina R. , Tremblay Mélanie , Zadory Matthias , Rose Christopher F. , Leroux Jean‐Christophe
Published: October 2016

Hyperammonemia can lead to cerebral dysfunction, encephalopathy, coma, and death if not treated adequately. The poor prognosis associated with this condition reflects the unmet medical need for effective ammonia‐lowering treatments. Here, the translational potential of liposome‐supported peritoneal dialysis (LSPD), a recently‐developed detoxification strategy for the removal of small ionizable molecules like ammonia, is described. Dialysis fluids supplemented with micrometer‐sized, transmembrane pH‐gradient liposomes are prepared via an innovative, osmotic shock‐based method overcoming sterilization and long‐term stability issues. LSPD is able to sequester ammonia in healthy rats in relation to the injected dose, buffering capacity of the liposomal core, and membrane composition. In a rat model of cirrhosis, LSPD outperforms conventional peritoneal dialysis in lowering plasmatic ammonia levels and attenuating brain edema. LSPD does not trigger any hypersensitive reaction in pigs, a side effect commonly observed upon the injection of colloids in this animal model and in humans. These findings support the development of LSPD for the treatment of hyperammonemia‐induced encephalopathy.
Mortality in a combined cohort of uranium enrichment workers
Authors: Yiin James H. , Anderson Jeri L. , Daniels Robert D. , Bertke Stephen J. , Fleming Donald A. , Tollerud David J. , Tseng Chih‐Yu , Chen Pi‐Hsueh , Waters Kathleen M.
Published: October 2016

Objective

To examine the patterns of cause‐specific mortality and relationship between internal exposure to uranium and specific causes in a pooled cohort of 29,303 workers employed at three former uranium enrichment facilities in the United States with follow‐up through 2011.

Methods

Cause‐specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the full cohort were calculated with the U.S. population as referent. Internal comparison of the dose‐response relation between selected outcomes and estimated organ doses was evaluated using regression models.

Results

External comparison with the U.S. population showed significantly lower SMRs in most diseases in the pooled cohort. Internal comparison showed positive associations of absorbed organ doses with multiple myeloma, and to a lesser degree with kidney cancer.

Conclusion

In general, these gaseous diffusion plant workers had significantly lower SMRs than the U.S. population. The internal comparison however, showed associations between internal organ doses and diseases associated with uranium exposure in previous studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:96–108, 2017. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Smith–Kingsmore syndrome: A third family with the MTOR mutation c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys) and evidence for paternal gonadal mosaicism
Authors: Moosa Shahida , Böhrer‐Rabel Helena , Altmüller Janine , Beleggia Filippo , Nürnberg Peter , Li Yun , Yigit Gökhan , Wollnik Bernd
Published: October 2016

Heterozygous germline mutations in MTOR have been shown to underlie Smith–Kingsmore syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by macrocephaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facial features. Recently, two unrelated families with the MTOR mutation, c.5395G>A p.(Glu1799Lys), were reported. Here, we describe siblings from a non‐consanguineous German family in whom we identified the same heterozygous missense mutation in MTOR. Remarkably, in all reported families with Smith–Kingsmore syndrome and the MTOR c.5395G>A mutation, including the family described herein, healthy parents of recurrently affected children do not have detectable levels of the mutation in tested tissues, lending credence to gonadal mosaicism as the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, the glutamic acid at position 1799 was shown to present a recurrent somatic mutation site in several cancers, including colon cancer, pointing to a somatic mutational hotspot in MTOR. Importantly, we highlight the occurrence of multiple intestinal polyps in the older sibling. Further patients are required to establish definitively whether polyp formation forms part of the SKS clinical spectrum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 6.5 mb deletion at 3q24q25.2 narrows Wisconsin syndrome critical region to a 750 kb interval: A potential role for MBNLI
Authors: Bertini Veronica , Orsini Alessandro , Mazza Roberta , Mandava Vineela , Saggese Giuseppe , Azzara’ Alessia , Bonuccelli Alice , Valetto Angelo
Published: October 2016

We report on a patient with a 6.5 Mb interstitial de novo deletion in 3q24q25.2, characterized by array CGH. The patient is a 4‐year and 2‐month‐old girl, who presented to us with mild developmental delay, absence of language, facial dysmorphism, hirsutism, strabismus, and Dandy–Walker Malformation. The main clinical signs typical of WS (Wisconsin syndrome) are evident in the patient. The molecular mapping of WS in 3q23q25 allowed geneticists to define the syndrome more accurately. Comparing the present patient's phenotype with that of cases with a molecular characterization so far reported, it was possible to narrow the critical region for WS to an interval of 750 Kb, where two genes (MBNL1 and TMEM14E) are harbored. The potential role of MBNL1 in causing the WS phenotype is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Silylene Insertion Reactions into Si−H and P−H σ‐Bonds at Room Temperature
Authors: Rodriguez Ricardo , Contie Yohan , Nougué Raphael , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2016

Phosphine‐stabilized silylenes react with silanes and a phosphine by silylene insertion into E−H σ‐bonds (E=Si,P) at room temperature to give the corresponding silanes. Of special interest, the process occurs reversibly at room temperature. These results demonstrate that both the oxidative addition (typical reaction for transient silylenes) and the reductive elimination processes can proceed at the silicon center under mild reaction conditions. DFT calculations provide insight into the importance of the coordination of the silicon center to achieve the reductive elimination step.
Synthesis of the poly(acrylic acid‐acrylic sodium) bentonite composite and its adsorption of Cd(II)
Authors: You Xinling , Cao Jilin , Liu Xiuwu , Lu Jingzhao , Chen Xueqing
Published: October 2016

In order to improve the adsorptive properties of bentonite, a new poly(acrylic acid‐acrylic sodium) bentonite composite was prepared by copolymerization reaction. The properties of the bentonite composites were investigated. Based on the amount of acrylic monomers dissolution and Cd2+ ions adsorption as objective functions, the optimal conditions which were determined with single‐factor experiments are as follows: the neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the polymerization temperature, the polymerization time, and the mass ratio of bentonite to acrylic acid monomer unneutralized were 20%, 80 °C, 3 h and 8 : 2, respectively. The bentonite composite was characterized by XRD, IR, and SEM. It was indicated the basic structure of bentonite had not been destroyed when the monomers were intercalated into the bentonite interlayers. The synthetic products had excellent adsorption properties to Cd2+ ions, such as the removal rate of Cd2+ ions reached 99.9% for 100 mL solution with initial Cd2+ ions concentration of 50.0 mg/L by adding 0.5 g sample of the bentonite composite, whose removal rate was significantly superior to calcium bentonite and other modified bentonite reported in literatures. The adsorption process to Cd2+ ions was corresponding with the Lagergren secondary adsorption kinetics equation and the Langmuir isotherm equation. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological control of porous membranes based on aromatic polyether/water soluble polymers
Authors: Karamessini Denise , Ch. Lainioti Georgia , Deimede Valadoula , Kallitsis Joannis K.
Published: October 2016

This work describes the development of porous membranes based on blends of an aromatic polyether bearing main and side chain pyridine units (AP) with hydrophilic ionic polymers, like poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) and its acid form (PSSH), or non‐ionic like polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol. Porous membranes were obtained after the removal of the water soluble polymers from the respective blend. The effect of various parameters such as water soluble polymer used (pore former), blend composition, casting solvent, and solvent evaporation level on porous structure formation was studied thoroughly. Specifically, SEM examination for the aforementioned systems indicated various porous morphologies depending on experimental conditions as well as thermodynamic and kinetic parameters occurring during their formation. The thermal properties of the membranes were influenced by the kind of the pore former, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis. Special attention was paid to the systems AP/PSSNa and AP/PSSH to evaluate their miscibility via dynamic mechanical analysis and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. AP/PSSNa membranes have been preliminary used to test the water permeability for water purification. The tests revealed high water flux values at increased PSSNa concentrations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44539.
Incubation phenomena during UV‐pulse excimer laser processing of silicone elastomers
Authors: Kolev Konstantin , Tatchev Dragomir , Armyanov Stephan , Valova Eugenia , Baert Kitty , Hubin Annick
Published: October 2016

Observations of the interaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) sheet (210 μm thick) with KrF excimer laser irradiation (λ = 248 nm), with low energy of 50 mJ/pulse are presented. The negative ablation or swelling of the material caused by low frequency pulse irradiation is characterized by optical microscopy, μ‐Raman spectrometry and X‐ray micro‐tomography. The appearance of defected areas in the form of cones inside the sheet and changes of material chemistry are discussed. These phenomena are considered as a precursor of the ablation occurring after passing a threshold of absorbed laser irradiation energy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44541.
π‐Extended Star‐Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons based on Fused Truxenes: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Facilely Tunable Emission Properties
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Jiang Yi , Liu Cheng‐Fang , Zhang Jian‐Dong , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei
Published: October 2016

A new set of star‐shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on naphthalene‐fused truxenes, TrNaCn (n=1–4), were synthesized and characterized. The synthesis involved a microwave‐assisted six‐fold Suzuki coupling reaction, followed by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation. Multiple dehydrocyclization products could be effectively isolated in a single reaction, thus suggesting that the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction involved a stepwise ring‐closing process. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties and the self‐assembly behavior of the resulting oxidized samples were investigated to understand the impact of the ring‐fusing process on the properties of the star‐shaped PAHs. Distinct bathochromic shift of the absorption maxima (λmax) revealed that the molecular conjugation extended with the stepwise ring‐closing reactions. The optical band‐gap energy of these PAHs varied significantly on increasing the number of fused rings, thereby resulting in readily tunable emissive properties of the resultant star‐shaped PAHs. Interestingly, the generation of rigid “arms” by using perylene analogues caused TrNaC2 and TrNaC3 to show significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in solution (η=0.65 and 0.66, respectively) in comparison with those of TrNa and TrNaC1 (η=0.08 and 0.16, respectively). Owing to strong intermolecular interactions, the TrNa precursor was able to self‐assemble into rod‐like microcrystals, which could be facilely identified by the naked eye, whilst TrNaC1 self‐assembled into nanosheets once the naphthalene rings had fused. This study offers a unique platform to gain further insight into—and a better understanding of—the photophysical and self‐assembly properties of π‐extended star‐shaped PAHs.
Design of Adaptive Block Backstepping Controllers with Perturbations Estimation for Nonlinear State‐Delayed Systems in Semi‐Strict Feedback Form
Authors: Cheng Chih‐Chiang , Chiang Yu‐Chi , Huang Pei‐Chia
Published: October 2016

This paper is an extended study of an existing block backstepping control scheme designed for a class of perturbed multi‐input systems with multiple time‐varying delays to solve regulation problems, where the time‐varying delays must be linear with state variables. A new control scheme is proposed in this research where all the unknown multiple time‐varying delay terms in the dynamic equations can be nonlinear state functions in non‐strict feedback form, and the upper bounds of the time‐delays as well as their derivatives need not to be known in advance. Another improvement is to further alleviate the problem of “explosion of complexity,” i.e., to reduce the number of time derivatives of virtual inputs that the designers have to compute in the design of controllers. This is done by utilizing an existent derivative estimation algorithm to estimate the perturbations in the designing of proposed controllers. Adaptive mechanisms are also embedded in the controllers so that the upper bounds of perturbations and perturbation estimation errors are not required to be known beforehand. The resultant controlled systems guarantee asymptotic stability in accordance with the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, a numerical example and a practical application are demonstrated to verify the merits and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
New Upper Matrix Bounds with Power Form for the Solution of the Continuous Coupled Algebraic Riccati Matrix Equation
Authors: Liu Jianzhou , Wang Yanpei , Zhang Juan
Published: October 2016

In this paper, using the structure and coefficient matrix of the continuous coupled algebraic Riccati matrix equation (CCARE), we firstly construct positive definite matrices with power form. Then, applying the variant of the CCARE and inequalities of positive definite matrices, utilizing the characteristics of special matrices and eigenvalue inequalities, we propose new upper matrix bounds with power form for the solution of the CCARE, which improve and extend some of the recent results. Finally, we give corresponding numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the derived results.
Iterative Path Integral Approach to Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control Under Compound Poisson Noise
Authors: Yuta Okumura , Kashima Kenji , Ohta Yoshito
Published: October 2016

Nonlinear stochastic optimal control theory has played an important role in many fields. In this theory, uncertainties of dynamics have usually been represented by Brownian motion, which is Gaussian white noise. However, there are many stochastic phenomena whose probability density has a long tail, which suggests the necessity to study the effect of non‐Gaussianity. This paper employs Lévy processes, which cause outliers with a significantly higher probability than Brownian motion, to describe such uncertainties. In general, the optimal control law is obtained by solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. This paper shows that the path‐integral approach combined with the policy iteration method is efficiently applicable to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the Lévy problem setting. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the usefulness of this method.
Industriemelanismus: Die dunkle Form des Birkenspanners entsteht durch ein springendes Gen
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: October 2016

Evolution ist ein Prozess, der sich überwiegend in langen Zeiträumen abspielt. Nur selten finden evolutive Veränderungen direkt vor unseren Augen statt. Der Industriemelanismus des Birkenspanners ist dafür ein klassisches Lehrbuch‐Beispiel. Allmählich wird auch der genetische Hintergrund dieser phänotypischen Variabilität klarer.
ÜberLebensmittel – neue Ausstellung der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU)
Authors: Högermann Christiane
Published: October 2016

Dass Lebensmittel weit mehr sind als tägliches Brot, wird in der interaktiven Wanderausstellung (bis Dezember 2017 im DBU‐Zentrum für Umweltkommunikation in Osnabrück) aufklärend und motivierend veranschaulicht.
Fische ködert man mit Würmern, mRNA mit Oligo‐dT
Authors: Hauk Andrea
Published: October 2016

Jede Körperzelle enthält viele verschiedene Proteine, welche jeweils bestimmte Aufgaben erfüllen. Damit die richtige Menge an entsprechenden Proteinen zur richtigen Zeit zur Verfügung steht, reguliert eine Zelle die Expression ihrer Gene sehr genau. Dazu muss die genetische Information der DNA zuerst in mRNA überführt (Transkription) und anschließend als Protein realisiert werden (Translation). Das “m” der RNA steht für “messenger”, also Bote. Für die Isolation der Gesamt‐RNA gibt es im Labor viele etablierte Methoden und Kits. Einige Forscher sind speziell an der mRNA interessiert. Warum untersucht man überhaupt die mRNA der Zelle? Und wie kann man mRNA von der restlichen RNA der Zelle unterscheiden?
Nobelpreis 2016: Entdeckung der Autophagie
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: October 2016

Den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin erhält in diesem Jahr der japanische Zellbiologe Yoshinori Ohsumi für die Entschlüsselung der Autophagie, über die Zellen nicht mehr funktionstüchtige Bestandteile entsorgen. Wie wichtig diese zelluläre “Müllabfuhr” ist, zeigt die Vielzahl an Krankheiten, an deren Entstehung eine gestörte Autophagie beteiligt ist.
Review 10 tips for creating a safe campus culture
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2016

In today's environment, it can feel increasingly like college campuses are not the safe haven they once used to be. While a certain degree of caution and worst‐case scenario planning is important, even necessary, for the health and well‐being of your campus and constituents, maintaining a clear perspective on the realistic danger possibilities is important for you to do your job correctly. In a webinar sponsored by the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators, Ed Book, chief of police at Santa Fe College in Florida; and Ryan Woods, lieutenant at Santa Fe College, shared their top 10 tips for ensuring a culture of campus safety. “We are fooling ourselves if we think it can't happen anywhere, but we try to mitigate the chance at our university,” Book said.
Instill instinctive reactions to promote safety on your campus
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2016

Randy Burba's journey to a campus safety law enforcement career began with a desire to go to college. “A friend of mine was going to USC [University of Southern California], and because his mom worked there, he could go to school for free. I couldn't afford to go to USC so I got a position there as a community service officer at age 19,” Burba said.
Uphold high standards with effective policies, consistent enforcement
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: October 2016

I've had the privilege of serving as the chief officer of a few campus police and safety departments over the course of my career. During this time, I have also had the privilege — and the great responsibility — to create, modify, renew, or remove department policies, be they rules and regulations, general orders, standard operating procedures, or some combination of two or more of these forms of internal governance.
Fight sexual violence by engaging male students
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2016

Campus officials throughout the country feel the pressure to more effectively prevent and respond to sexual violence on campus to comply with federal and state legislation.
Examination of Potential Exceptions to the F and S Biosynthetic Classification of Fused‐Ring Aromatic Polyketides
Authors: Thomas Robert
Published: October 2016

The reported acetate‐derived labelling of the fungal naphthalene γ‐pyrone fonsecin, two streptomycete dodecaketide αpyrones TW93f and TW93g, and the streptomycete phenanthraquinones piloquinone, murayaquinone and haloquinone appear to be exceptions to the generalisation that fungi and streptomycetes produce fused‐ring aromatic polyketides by different modes of cyclisation. A review of their 1) originally assigned formulae, 2) [13C2]acetate‐derived labelling patterns, and 3) modes of cyclisation leads to the recognition of feasible alternative chemical structures or biosynthetic pathways, which are in accord with the originally proposed classification system.
Post‐Synthesis Stabilization of Germanosilicate Zeolites ITH, IWW, and UTL by Substitution of Ge for Al
Authors: Shamzhy Mariya V. , Eliašová Pavla , Vitvarová Dana , Opanasenko Maksym V. , Firth Daniel S. , Morris Russell E.
Published: October 2016

Germanosilicate zeolites often suffer from low hydrothermal stability due to the high content of Ge. Herein, we investigated the post‐synthesis introduction of Al accompanied by stabilization of selected germanosilicates by degermanation/alumination treatments. The influence of chemical composition and topology of parent germanosilicate zeolites (ITH, IWW, and UTL) on the post‐synthesis incorporation of Al was studied. Alumination of ITH (Si/Ge=2–13) and IWW (Si/Ge=3–7) zeolites resulted in the partial substitution of Ge for Al (up to 80 %), which was enhanced with a decrease of Ge content in the parent zeolite. In contrast, in extra‐large pore zeolite UTL (Si/Ge=4–6) the hydrolysis of the interlayer Ge−O bonds dominated over substitution. The stabilization of zeolite UTL was achieved using a novel two‐step degermanation/alumination procedure by the partial post‐synthesis substitution of Ge for Si followed by alumination. This new method of stabilization and incorporation of strong acid sites may extend the utilization of germanosilicate zeolites, which has been until now been limited.
Reactivity of [M2(μ‐Cl)2(cod)2] (M=Ir, Rh) and [Ru(Cl)2(cod)(CH3CN)2] with Na[H2B(bt)2]: Formation of Agostic versus Borate Complexes
Authors: Bakthavachalam K. , Yuvaraj K. , Zafar Mohammad , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: October 2016

Treatment of [M2(μ‐Cl)2(cod)2] (M=Ir and Rh) with Na[H2B(bt)2] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene and bt=2‐mercaptobenzothiazolyl) at low temperature led to the formation of dimetallaheterocycles [(Mcod)2(bt)2], 1 and 2 (1: M=Ir and 2: M=Rh) and a borate complex [Rh(cod){κ2‐S,S′‐H2B(bt)2}], 3. Compounds 1 and 2 are structurally characterized metal analogues of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene. Metal–metal bond distances of 3.6195(9) Å in 1 and 3.6749(9) Å in 2 are too long to consider as bonding. In an attempt to generate the Ru analogue of 1 and 2, that is [(Rucod)2(bt)2], we have carried out the reaction of [Ru(Cl)2(cod)(CH3CN)2] with Na[H2B(bt)2]. Interestingly, the reaction yielded agostic complexes [Ru(cod)L{κ3‐H,S,S′‐H2B(bt)2}], 4 and 5 (4: L=Cl; 5: L=C7H4NS2). One of the key differences between 4 and 5 is the presence of different ancillary ligands at the metal center. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of 1 and 2 shows that there is four lone pairs of electrons on each metal center with a significant amount of d character. Furthermore, the electronic structures and the bonding of these complexes have been established on the ground of quantum‐chemical calculations. All of the new compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 11B, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Trimetallic Nanoclusters: Structure Elucidation and Properties Investigation
Authors: Kang Xi , Xiong Lin , Wang Shuxin , Yu Haizhu , Jin Shan , Song Yongbo , Chen Tao , Zheng Liwei , Pan Chensong , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: October 2016

The shape‐controlled synthesis of metal nanoclusters (NCs) with precise atomic arrangement is crucial for tailoring the properties. In this work, we successfully control the shape of alloy NCs by altering the dopants in the alloying processes. The shape of the spherical [Pt1Ag24(SPhMe2)18] NC is maintained when [AuISR] is used as dopant. By contrast, the shape of Pt1Ag24 is changed to be rodlike by alloying with [AuI(PPh3)Br]. The structures of the trimetallic NCs were determined by X‐ray crystallography and further confirmed by both DFT and far‐IR measurements. The shape‐preserved [Pt1Au6.4Ag17.6(SPhMe2)18] NC is in a tristratified arrangement—[Pt(center)@Au/Ag(shell)@Ag(exterior)]—and is indeed the first X‐ray crystal structure of thiolated trimetallic NCs. On the other hand, the resulting rodlike NC ([Pt2Au10Ag13(PPh3)10Br7]) exhibits a high quantum yield (QY=14.7 %), which is in striking contrast to the weakly luminescent Pt1Ag24 (QY=0.1 %, about 150‐fold enhancement). In addition, the thermal stabilities of both trimetallic products are remarkably improved. This study presents a controllable strategy for synthesis of alloy NCs with different shapes (by alloying heteroatom complexes coordinated by different ligands), and may stimulate future work for a deeper understanding of the morphology (shape)–property correlation in NCs.
Emerging roles for motor proteins in progenitor cell behavior and neuronal migration during brain development
Authors: Dantas Tiago J. , Carabalona Aurelie , Hu Daniel Jun Kit , Vallee Richard B.
Published: October 2016

Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in visualizing and understanding neuronal cell migration and morphogenesis during brain development. Distinct mechanisms have evolved to support migration of the various cell types that compose the developing neocortex. A specific subset of molecular motors, so far consisting of cytoplasmic dynein 1, Kif1a and myosin II, are responsible for cytoskeletal and nuclear transport in these cells. This review focuses on the emerging roles for each of these motor proteins in the migratory mechanisms of neocortical cell types. We discuss how migration can be cell cycle regulated and how coordination of motor activity is required to ensure migratory direction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Chemical Probes to Assess the Feasibility of Targeting SecA for Developing Antimicrobial Agents against Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Jin Jinshan , Hsieh Ying‐Hsin , Cui Jianmei , Damera Krishna , Dai Chaofeng , Chaudhary Arpana S. , Zhang Hao , Yang Hsiuchin , Cao Nannan , Jiang Chun , Vaara Martti , Wang Binghe , Tai Phang C.
Published: October 2016

With the widespread emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new antimicrobials, especially those against Gram‐negative bacteria. Along this line, the identification of viable targets is a critical first step. The protein translocase SecA is commonly believed to be an excellent target for the development of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. In recent years, we developed three structural classes of SecA inhibitors that have proven to be very effective against Gram‐positive bacteria. However, we have not achieved the same level of success against Gram‐negative bacteria, despite the potent inhibition of SecA in enzyme assays by the same inhibitors. In this study, we use representative inhibitors as chemical probes to gain an understanding as to why these inhibitors were not effective against Gram‐negative bacteria. The results validate our initial postulation that the major difference in effectiveness against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria is in the additional permeability barrier posed by the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria. We also found that the expression of efflux pumps, which are responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR), have no effect on the effectiveness of these SecA inhibitors. Identification of an inhibitor‐resistant mutant and complementation tests of the plasmids containing secA in a secAts mutant showed that a single secA‐azi‐9 mutation increased the resistance, providing genetic evidence that SecA is indeed the target of these inhibitors in bacteria. Such results strongly suggest SecA as an excellent target for developing effective antimicrobials against Gram‐negative bacteria with the intrinsic ability to overcome MDR. A key future research direction should be the optimization of membrane permeability.
Statistical fingerprint‐based intrusion detection system (SF‐IDS)
Authors: Boero Luca , Cello Marco , Marchese Mario , Mariconti Enrico , Naqash Talha , Zappatore Sandro
Published: October 2016

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are systems aimed at analyzing and detecting security problems. The IDS may be structured into misuse and anomaly detection. The former are often signature/rule IDS that detect malicious software by inspecting the content of packets or files looking for a “signature” labeling malware. They are often very efficient, but their drawback stands in the weakness of the information to check (eg, the signature), which may be quickly dated, and in the computation time because each packet or file needs to be inspected. The IDS based on anomaly detection and, in particular, on statistical analysis have been originated to bypass the mentioned problems. Instead of inspecting packets, each traffic flow is observed so getting a statistical characterization, which represents the fingerprint of the flow. This paper introduces a statistical analysis based intrusion detection system, which, after extracting the statistical fingerprint, uses machine learning classifiers to decide whether a flow is affected by malware or not. A large set of tests is presented. The obtained results allow selecting the best classifiers and show the performance of a decision maker that exploits the decisions of a bank of classifiers acting in parallel.
Carolyn Rovee‐Collier's legacy to applied psychology, intervention, and public policy
Authors: Fagen Jeffrey , Ohr Phyllis , Boller Kimberly
Published: October 2016

In this article, we reflect upon Carolyn Rovee‐Collier's pioneering research on learning and memory in infants, especially that using the mobile conjugate reinforcement task, for our understanding of (a) cognitive development in infants born prematurely and those with Down's syndrome and (b) her prediction that infants’ performance in the mobile conjugate reinforcement and similar operant tasks would predict later intellectual functioning. We then examine the implications of her research on time windows (the integration of new information into a memory) and memory reactivation (the retrieval of a forgotten memory as a result of the re‐exposure to a component of the original learning experience) for early intervention programs and clinicians treating victims of early trauma. We conclude with a discussion of the value of Rovee‐Collier's work for the growing field of infant/toddler science and how this science has informed public policy and program development.
Neonatal eyelid conditioning during sleep
Authors: Tarullo Amanda R. , Isler Joseph R. , Condon Carmen , Violaris Kimon , Balsam Peter D , Fifer William P.
Published: October 2016

Using an eyelid conditioning paradigm modeled after that developed by Little, Lipsitt, and Rovee‐Collier (1984), Fifer et al. (2010) demonstrated that newborn infants learn during sleep. This study examined the role of sleep state in neonatal learning. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG), respiratory, and cardiovascular activity from sleeping full term newborn infants during delay eyelid conditioning. In the experimental group (n = 21), a tone was paired with an air puff to the eye. Consistent with Fifer et al. (2010), newborn infants reliably learned during sleep. The experimental group more than doubled EMR rates to a tone alone, while a control group (n = 17) presented with unpaired tones and puffs maintained low EMR rates. Infant learners were more likely to produce a conditioned EMR during quiet sleep compared to active sleep. Understanding the influence of sleep state on conditioned responses will inform the potential use of eyelid conditioning for early screening.
Training effects and sex difference in preschoolers’ spatial reasoning ability
Authors: Joh Amy S.
Published: October 2016

This study examined sex difference in spatial reasoning, a type of spatial cognition necessary for everyday activities. An aggregated data set was composed of data from 273 3‐ to 4‐year olds who participated in 12 different studies using variants of the same spatial reasoning task. This data set was used to investigate whether and how sex difference is related to learning opportunities through training. The results showed that boys outperform girls in general, but this sex difference was influenced by training. When children received additional training, boys showed improved spatial reasoning ability compared to girls. But when children did not receive additional training, there was no sex difference. The type and amount of training did not influence the sex difference in this data set. These findings add to our understanding of how sex difference in spatial cognition emerges in early development.
Visual attention to meaningful stimuli by 1‐ to 3‐year olds: implications for the measurement of memory
Authors: Hayne Harlene , Jaeger Katja , Sonne Trine , Gross Julien
Published: October 2016

The visual recognition memory (VRM) paradigm has been widely used to measure memory during infancy and early childhood; it has also been used to study memory in human and nonhuman adults. Typically, participants are familiarized with stimuli that have no special significance to them. Under these conditions, greater attention to the novel stimulus during the test (i.e., novelty preference) is used as the primary index of memory. Here, we took a novel approach to the VRM paradigm and tested 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year olds using photos of meaningful stimuli that were drawn from the participants’ own environment (e.g., photos of their mother, father, siblings, house). We also compared their performance to that of participants of the same age who were tested in an explicit pointing version of the VRM task. Two‐ and 3‐year olds exhibited a strong familiarity preference for some, but not all, of the meaningful stimuli; 1‐year olds did not. At no age did participants exhibit the kind of novelty preference that is commonly used to define memory in the VRM task. Furthermore, when compared to pointing, looking measures provided a rough approximation of recognition memory, but in some instances, the looking measure underestimated retention. The use of meaningful stimuli raise important questions about the way in which visual attention is interpreted in the VRM paradigm, and may provide new opportunities to measure memory during infancy and early childhood.
Prosodic Similarity Effects in Short‐Term Memory in Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Goswami Usha , Barnes Lisa , Mead Natasha , Power Alan James , Leong Victoria
Published: October 2016

Children with developmental dyslexia are characterized by phonological difficulties across languages. Classically, this ‘phonological deficit’ in dyslexia has been investigated with tasks using single‐syllable words. Recently, however, several studies have demonstrated difficulties in prosodic awareness in dyslexia. Potential prosodic effects in short‐term memory have not yet been investigated. Here we create a new instrument based on three‐syllable words that vary in stress patterns, to investigate whether prosodic similarity (the same prosodic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables) exerts systematic effects on short‐term memory. We study participants with dyslexia and age‐matched and younger reading‐level‐matched typically developing controls. We find that all participants, including dyslexic participants, show prosodic similarity effects in short‐term memory. All participants exhibited better retention of words that differed in prosodic structure, although participants with dyslexia recalled fewer words accurately overall compared to age‐matched controls. Individual differences in prosodic memory were predicted by earlier vocabulary abilities, by earlier sensitivity to syllable stress and by earlier phonological awareness. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of prosodic similarity effects in short‐term memory. The implications of a prosodic similarity effect for theories of lexical representation and of dyslexia are discussed. © 2016 The Authors. Dyslexia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Associations of adolescent emotional and loss of control eating with 1‐year changes in disordered eating, weight, and adiposity
Authors: Stojek Monika M.K. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Shomaker Lauren B. , Kelly Nichole R. , Thompson Katherine A. , Mehari Rim D. , Marwitz Shannon E. , Demidowich Andrew P. , Galescu Ovidiu A. , Brady Sheila M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A.
Published: October 2016

Objective

Adolescent emotional‐eating, referring to eating in response to negative affective states, is frequently reported by those with loss of control (LOC) eating. Although LOC eating has been shown to predict exacerbated disordered eating and excess weight/adiposity gain, the extent to which emotional‐eating, either alone or in combination with LOC, predicts adverse outcomes has not been determined. Thus, we examined associations of baseline emotional‐eating with changes in disordered eating, BMI, and adiposity over 1‐year, and to what degree the presence or absence of baseline LOC moderated these associations.

Methods

189 non‐treatment‐seeking youth (15.4 ± 1.4y; 66% female; 67% non‐Hispanic White, 38% overweight [BMI ≥ 85th %ile]) completed the emotional‐eating Scale for Children/Adolescents and the Eating Disorder Examination interview at baseline and again at 1‐year. Air displacement plethysmography assessed adiposity at both time points.

Results

Baseline emotional‐eating alone was not significantly associated with the development of objective binge eating or changes in disordered eating attitudes, BMI or adiposity 1‐year later. However, baseline emotional‐eating interacted with the presence of baseline LOC in the prediction of 1‐year outcomes. Among adolescents with LOC eating, greater baseline emotional‐eating was related to increased disordered eating attitudes (p = .03), BMI (p = .04), and adiposity (p = .04) at 1‐year, after correcting for false discovery rate.

Discussion

Emotional‐eating among youth also reporting LOC was associated with adverse outcomes over 1‐year. Adolescents who report both behaviors may represent a subset of individuals at especially high risk for exacerbated disordered eating and excess weight gain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:551–560)
Dopaminergic activity and altered reward modulation in anorexia nervosa—insight from multimodal imaging
Authors: Bailer Ursula F. , Price Julie C. , Meltzer Carolyn C. , Wagner Angela , Mathis Chester A , Gamst Anthony , Kaye Walter H.
Published: October 2016

Objective: Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have anxious and inhibited temperaments with high concern for consequences. Studies using either positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggest involvement of the middle and dorsal caudate (DC) in individuals recovered (REC) from AN. For example, dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptor binding in the middle caudate and DC was associated with anxiety and harm avoidance, and blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) response in the DC was positively related to trait anxiety. It has not been shown yet whether BOLD response in individuals REC from AN was related to DA function.

Methods: Post‐hoc correlation analyses between the PET and fMRI studies by correlating D2/D3 binding in striatal regions and BOLD signal in the anteroventral striatum (AVS) and DC for wins and losses respectively in 12 individuals REC from AN.

Results: Individuals REC from AN with the greatest BOLD response in the DC in a monetary choice task had higher middle caudate D2/D3 binding, and greater anxiety and/or harm avoidance.

Discussion: Though preliminary, these findings suggest that increased dorsal striatal D2/D3 binding is associated with enhanced cognitive response to feedback, potentially related to anxious anticipation of consequences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:593–596)
Facebook and body image concern in adolescent girls: A prospective study
Authors: Tiggemann Marika , Slater Amy
Published: October 2016

Objective

The primary aim of the study was to examine the relationship across time between Facebook use and body image concern in adolescent girls.

Method

A sample of 438 girls in the first two years (Years 8 and 9) of high school (aged 13‐15 years) at Time 1 completed questionnaire measures of Facebook consumption and body image concerns, and again two years later (Time 2).

Results

Facebook involvement increased substantially over the two year time period. Body image concerns also increased. Number of Facebook friends was found to prospectively predict the observed increase in drive for thinness. On the other hand, internalization and body surveillance prospectively predicted the observed increase in number of Facebook friends.

Discussion

It was concluded that Facebook “friendships” represent a potent sociocultural force in the body image of adolescent girls. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:80–83)
Wireless Channel Characterization for Indoor Environment in Thermal Power Plant
Authors: NABETANI TOSHIHISA , YABU HIROKI , OHKUMA EIICHI , FUKUI MAMORU
Published: October 2016

Wireless communications in industrial environments are seriously affected by reliability and performance issues, due to the multipath nature of obstacles within such environments. In order to utilize wireless systems for machine‐to‐machine applications in industrial environments, it is necessary to investigate and model their channel characteristics for optimal design and reliability assessment. However, the wireless channel characterization in such environments has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature within the scope of our knowledge. In this paper, to shed light on the channel modeling for plant applications, we measure and analyze the indoor channel characteristics in a typical thermal power plant. Our results indicate that the channel characterization of the plant environment is specific when compared with the general environments such as houses and offices. The findings in this paper provide a useful guidance to the design of wireless system for the realization of reliable control systems in power plants.
Examination of Longitudinal Diffusion Coefficient Obtained by Pulse Experiment
Authors: TERASHITA YUSAKU , SATOH KOHKI , ITOH HIDENORI
Published: October 2016

A pulse experiment was simulated using a Monte Carlo simulation on two model gases with a constant collision frequency. The longitudinal diffusion coefficient , which was measured in the “pulse experiment”, was deduced. was compared with the diffusion coefficient obtained by simulation in a time‐of‐flight experiment. It was found that did not necessarily agree with , and that the differences between and tended to increase when the values of and the effective ionization coefficient rose.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Response to Scent Stimulation for Biofeedback Application
Authors: KISHIDA YUJI , NUMATA TAKASHI , TAKENO SHOHEI , KOTANI KIYOSHI , JIMBO YASUHIKO
Published: October 2016

Scent stimulation is widely used in day lives such as in aromatherapy. However, the effect of scent stimulation on humans remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system to evaluate the cardiovascular response to scent stimulation for use in biofeedback applications. In this study, we developed a device for quantitative and short‐term stimulation. We evaluated the heartbeat response to scent stimulation with this device. The experiments revealed that the R–R interval (RRI) was reduced by grapefruit scent stimulation. In addition, the RRI was likely to be controlled by scent stimulation with grapefruit and lavender.
Crystallization of Iron Nanostructures with Secondary‐Laser‐Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: ISHIHARA RYUICHI , SAGARA TOKUYA , KURUMI SATOSHI , MATSUDA KEN‐ICHI , SUZUKI KAORU
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we have investigated the growth technique of graphite‐coated nanomagnet particles to apply a sustainable environment technology by millisecond YAG pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method in ethanol solution using Fe bulk target. To control crystallized forms and/or grain size of nanomagnet materials, laser diode (LD) beam was irradiated to the ablation plumes, which were generated by this PLA method. In addition, magnetic field was applied to the ablation plumes, in order to separate a nanomagnet particle and a nonmagnet one. Ablation plumes were observed by high‐speed camera images, and they were reexcited by LD laser beam irradiation. In the case of magnetic field assist, ablation plumes were attracted to the magnet. This suggested that growth nanoparticles had magnetic property. Typical carbon‐coated nanoparticles, which grown by nonassisted PLA, were observed by TEM images, and these grain sizes were dependent on the pulsed width of PLA source. On the other hand, LD‐assisted samples showed there were rod‐sharped nanomaterials, and crystallization of these materials was β‐Fe3O4, γ‐Fe2O3 surmised by electron diffraction.
Recognition of Watermark Dot Information from a Folded, Rumpled, or Waved Paper
Authors: TERAHAMA YUKINORI , TAKAHASI YOSHIYASU , SUZUKI SHIGERU , KINUKAWA HIROSHI
Published: October 2016

In the late years, personal information must be protected at the agency in the field of insurance. We develop an agency contract system that protects personal information of the contractor and information to confirm intention to contract by background texture watermarks. When the contractor carries an application form, it may be folded, rumpled, or waved little. In this case, contractor's information must be recognized from background watermarks printed on the application form. But it cannot be recognized surely folded, rumpled, or waved application form by the conventional method. In this paper, we propose a new recognition of watermark dot information from folded, rumpled, or waved application form. The new recognition is composed of crooked point sequence recognition expressing character borders by searching around calculated point, and dot recognition by shading folded, rumpled, or waved paper and emphasizing dot in luminosity from this paper. As a result, we got correct recognition ratio of more than 99% from folded, rumpled, or waved paper.
Estimating Personality Impression from Speed Record Using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: JIN YICHENG , SAKUMA TAKUTO , KATO SHOHEI , KUNITACHI TSUTOMU
Published: October 2016

When people listen to other's speech for the first time, they always attribute personality traits to the speaker subconsciously. We consider that if robots can predict personality traits of users from their speech, the communication in human–machine interaction will improve significantly. This paper proposes an approach for the automatic estimation of the traits, in which the listeners attribute to unanimous speakers. And the discrimination experiments based on hidden Markov model and canonical discrimination analysis show that, it is possible to predict with high accuracy (more than 75%), whether a speaker is perceived to be in the higher or lower part of the “Extraversion”, “Openness”, and “conscientiousness” by using nonverbal information.
Development of Phase Modulated Signal Generation Technology in Position Tracking
Authors: MUSHA TAKESHI , NAKAJIMA HAJIME , INUJIMA HIROSHI
Published: October 2016

We carry out a technological examination for improving the positional detection accuracy of position tracking. In this paper, we focus on positional detection technology that uses a scale in which slits are carved at a certain constant period. We develop phase modulation signal generation technology that removes a signal of two frequencies of a one‐signal detection track. We report on the detection principle and the results of the principle verification experiment.