bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a model of placental lesions prediction in varicose veins patients
Authors: Mozhejko L. F. , Tsikhanovich Ya. V.
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study was to identify predictive biomarkers and generate the model to predict placental lesions in women with varicose veins. We collected serial serum specimens from 128 women with varicose veins between 22 and 24 weeks’ gestation. The investigation includes ultrasound findings, blood analysis of endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CRP, coagulation factors as well as BMI. We used machine learning algorithm and multivariable logistic regression with Lasso method to predict placental lesions among the pregnant patients with varicose veins.A total of 47 (36.7 %) women with varicose veins subsequently developed placental insufficiency. Mean serum VEGF were higher in women who developed placental insufficiency – 29 (27–31) pg/ml, as compared with women without varicose disease – 24 (22–25) pg/ml, p < 0.001. The performance of the model trained with all the most valuable tests (VEGF, endothelin, CRP, D-dimers, fibrinogen, CEAP class) is admissible (AUC 0.94; CI 0.842–0.956; p < 0.001).We identified novel combination of clinical and laboratory predictive markers that provide pathophysiological insights and could help future improvements of diagnosis and treatment of placental lesions in women with varicose veins.
The Development of Sino Indian Trade from the Perspective of “The Belt and Road Initiative”
Authors: Zilong Che
Published: September 2021

Since ancient times, the two ancient civilizations of China and India have had a long history of trade exchanges, and such trade exchanges have left an important mark in the history of Sino-India relations. Chronologically，this article takes the Sino-Indian trade exchanges as a research perspective to outline two thousand years of trade history between two countries. From the Sino-Indian Business Road that began in the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty to the origin of the Silk Road on which Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions as an envoy, explored the Sino-India-Tibet Road and Maritime Silk Road trade; analyzed the opium trade between China, Britain and India in modern times. At the same time, it uses the founding of People’s Republic of China, the Sino-Indian War, the Belt and Road Initiative and the important events of the global epidemic as nodes to describe the development of Sino-Indian trade. In the long history, this kind of rich trade history also shows that China and India are more likely and should establish a better and more extensive trade cooperation relationship, and learn to effectively deal with the turmoil. This will provide reference for operating the trade activities between the two countries.
Nutrition and Micronutrients in Cancer Patients Positive for COVID-19
Authors: ARAYICI Mehmet Emin , SANLAV Gamze , YILMAZ Seda , HEKİMCİ ÖZDEMİR Hamiyet , BAŞBINAR Yasemin , ELLİDOKUZ Hülya
Published: September 2021

Nutrition is an important component of human health that influences the immune response, especially in those who are at risk of cancer. It is critical in the COVID-19 era to respond to cancer in a more coordinated and timely manner. So far, there are only a few systematic studies on the increased prevalence of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2 symptomatic or asymptomatic infections in cancer patients with no comprehensive care plan. The goal of this research is to learn more about the function of diet in cancer patients with in COVID-19 period. The importance of diet in the predisposition, prevention, and management of COVID-19 in cancer patients, as well as the role of dietary supplementation with vitamins or minerals, and microbiota in the COVID-19 period, was discussed in this study. The results might aid in the development of nutritional maintenance and complication control guidelines for all patients with cancer during the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Perempuan terhadap Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional
Authors: Rosyaadah Rifa’ , Rahayu Rahayu
Published: September 2021

Pemerintah Indonesia telah menandatangani deklarasi tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (1993) sejak tahun 2014. Namun dalam tataran teknisnya, kekerasan terhadap perempuan masih sering terjadi akibat Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) di Indonesia. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah mengetahui pelaksanaan undang-undang dan perlindungan HAM perempuan terhadap KDRT dalam pandangan Hukum Internasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masuknya sistem hukum publik ke ranah domestik yaitu kehidupan rumah tangga adalah salah satu perkembangan baru di bidang HAM khususnya di Indonesia. Urusan rumah tangga yang semula merupakan urusan privat dimana negara tidak boleh mengaturnya kini berubah menjadi tanggung jawab negara untuk mengaturnya yang kini menjadi ranah dari hukum publik yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga.
Kaderisasi Penyedia Daging Qurban ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, Halal) dan Layak
Authors: Thaha Aminah Hajah , Suarda Andi , Mulia Andi , Arsyad Muh Ali
Published: September 2021

Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi pemerintah terkait pembinaan penyembelihan hewan qurban adalah masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak melaporkan ke pemerintah setempat penyembelihan hewan qurban selain itu jumlah petugas yang tidak sebanding dengan luas wilayah dan banyaknya lokasi penyembelihan pada waktu yang bersamaan sehingga sulit untuk dilakukan pembinaan lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan ke masyarakat agar dapat menyediakan daging hewan qurban yang ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal) serta layak bagi masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan yaitu melalui pembentukan kader penyedia daging hewan qurban yang ASUH (Aman, Sehat, Utuh, dan Halal) serta Layak bagi Masyarakat pada Mesjid. Kegiatan ini telah terlaksana dengan baik dan diikuti sebanyak 14 mesjid dan 100 orang kader se Kecamatan Rappocini, Kota Makassar. Hasil monitoring evaluasi diketahui bahwa salah satu titik kritis yang harus menjadi perhatian dan perlu ditingkatkan oleh pada kader tersebut adalah penanganan daging qurban meliputi setelah penyembelihan.Kata Kunci: Takmir Mesjid, Daging Qurban, ASUH, LayakAssistance of the Takmir of the Mosque in Providing Sacrificial Meat that is FARE (Safe, Healthy, Whole, Halal) and AppropriateABSTRACTOne of the government's obstacles regarding the development of sacrificial animal slaughter is that there are still many people who do not report to the local government the slaughter of sacrificial animals. Also, the number of officers is not proportional to the area of the area and the number of slaughtering locations simultaneously, so it is difficult to carry out further training. Therefore an effective method is needed to increase knowledge to the public to provide ASUH (Safe, Healthy, Whole, and Halal) qurban meat and suitable for those who consume it. One way to do this is through the assistance of mosque takmirs to provide ASUH (Safe, Healthy, Whole, and Halal) qurban meat and is appropriate for the community at the mosque. The entire series of activities consisting of location surveys, preparation and coordination, training implementation, and monitoring evaluation were carried out from March to August 2019. The training consisted of theory and practice, which lasted for 2 days attended by 100 mosque takmirs from 14 mosques in Rappocini District, Makassar City. The monitoring and evaluation results show that one of the critical points that should be of concern and need to be improved by mosque takmirs is the handling of qurban meat, including the stages after slaughter.Keywords: Mosque takmirs, Meat Qurban, ASUH, Appropriate
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Sel Dengan Memanfaatkan Kertas Bekas
Authors: Kartikawati Eka , Nisaa Ranti An , Maesaroh Maesaroh
Published: September 2021

Penggunaan kertas sudah menjadi hal yang selalu digunakan oleh kegiatan apapun, sehingga banyak kertas yang tidak dimanfaatkan kembali dan menjadi limbah kertas yang dibuang sia sia setelah digunakan. Hal inilah yang kemudian muncul ide untuk memanfaatkan dan dikaitkan dengan kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu sebagai media pembelajaran. Karena pada kegiatan belajar mengajar sangat diperlukan media yang sangat inovatif, kreatif dan memudahkan siswa-siswanya untuk mempelajari memahami materi pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah pembelajaran biologi pada materi sel yang pemahaman akhir pembelajarannya mengharuskan peserta didik dapat memahami dan membedakan semua bentuk organelnya antara sel hewan dan tumbuhan. Dari permasalahan inilah maka diadakannya pelatihan pembuatan media pembelajaran sel dengan memanfaatkan kertas bekas. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pelatihan ini adalah dengan survey, pendekatan kepada mitra yang dituju, melaksanakan pelatihan dan evaluasi. Hasil kuesioner yang disimpulkan adalah 100% peserta pelatihan menyatakan kegiatan pelatihan ini  sangat bermanfaat, replika yang telah dibuat sangat memudahkan peserta didik untuk mempelajari sel hewan dan sel tumbuhan.  Kegiatan pelatihan ini untuk mengurangi kertas bekas dan memanfatkannya sebagai media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan.Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran; sel; kertas bekas Training on Making Cell Learning Media Using Waste PaperABSTRAC The use of paper has always been used by any activity, so many papers are not reused and become waste paper that is thrown away in vain after use. This then arises the idea to utilize and be associated with learning activities, namely as learning media. Because teaching and learning activities are very needed media that is very innovative, creative and makes it easy for students to learn to understand learning materials. One of them is the study of biology in cell matter, the final understanding of learning requires students to understand and distinguish all forms of organelles between animal and plant cells. From this problem, the holding of training in making cell learning media using paper was used. The method of this activity is to carry out training and approach the intended partners, carry out training and evaluation. The results of the questionnaire concluded that 100% of the training participants stated that the training activities were very useful, the replicas that had been made were very easy for students to study animal cells and plant cells. This training activity is to reduce waste paper and use it as a learning medium that makes it easier for students to understand cells in 3 dimensions.Keywords: learning media; cell; scrap paper
Blended Learning and the Global South
Virtual Exchanges in Higher Education
Authors: Carloni Giovanna , Fotheringham Christopher , Virga Anita , Zuccala Brian
Published: September 2021

This volume collects a series of theoretical and practical interventions in the area of blended learning globally. It aims to present pedagogues working in higher education contexts in the developing world with models of successful blended learning initiatives designed and implemented by committed educators working with student bodies characterised by unequal access to technology and connectivity. The twelve individual chapters of this volume are an invaluable practical resource for educators but when taken as a whole the collection provides a counter to commonplace beliefs about blended learning originating within the institutions of wealthy countries. It offers theoretical, material and socially grounded currents for thinking about the place of blended learning in the Global South and is a work of resistance to pedagogical epistemologies with ‘first world’ and neoliberal biases.
Stakeholder Struggles in the Uptake and Use of Blended and Online Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Dison Laura , Padayachee Kershree
Published: September 2021

Recommendations for greater adoption of blended and online learning pedagogies pre-date COVID-19 by many years. However, the uptake and implementation of blended and online learning was largely ignored by lecturers in many contact institutions, despite the introduction of policies and various resources to support such a shift. In this chapter, we critically explore the reluctance of lecturers to adopt blended and online learning pedagogies, drawing on the Epistemic Pedagogic Device (EPD) of Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) and the elements of Archer’s theory of Social Realism to explicate the roles and contestations among the various stakeholders involved in teaching and learning in higher education institutions. In particular, we examine the struggles for legitimacy faced by instructional designers and academic developers in the sites of teaching and learning, sites which have traditionally been controlled by lecturers. We posit that successful, sustainable implementation of online and blended learning requires institutional recognition of multiple stakeholders as legitimate role-players in teaching and student learning.
A Telecollaborative International Exchange for Foreign Language Learning and Reflective Teaching
Authors: Carloni Giovanna , Franzè Federica
Published: September 2021

This chapter shares the reflections on a joint international research educational project, involving Columbia University students studying Italian, and Italian pre-service teachers enrolled in an MA in Teaching Italian as a Foreign Language at the University of Urbino, Italy. The northern hemisphere autumn term 2014 iteration of the project is taken as a case study to discuss the effectiveness of teleconferencing for foreign language learning and teaching. The results showed that the videoconference sessions positively affected the learning process of students, and simultaneously fostered reflective teaching in pre-service teachers.
Hybrid Design and Flipping the Classroom in Content-Oriented Foreign Language Courses
Developing Intensive Italian for Gamers
Authors: Bregni Simone
Published: September 2021

In recent years, scholars have increasingly indicated content-based language teaching (CBLT) as a potential successful response to the increasing challenges faced by language departments in higher education. This article is a case study on the advantages of using a hybrid format in a content-based intensive foreign language video game-based (VGBL) course. For decades now, video games have been a pervasive part of our culture. My experiments in introducing video games as a learning device in the F/L2 language classroom have led me to explore the option of teaching a gaming-based language course. I further developed language acquisition strategies using video games and related media. In spring 2017, I used the SLU state-of-the-art learning studio to teach Intensive Italian for Gamers, which combines “traditional” intensive language instruction with gaming-based interaction. Within the pedagogical premise that language acquisition is a process that involves, and benefits from, daily interactions in the language in and outside the classroom, the course targeted the specific segment of the student population that self-identifies as gamers. A specific content-oriented intensive foreign language course of this kind would not have been possible without a hybrid course design format. Flipping the classroom allowed learners to spend more time in contact with the target-language and focus their attention on exploring the spoken language through the digital gaming realia and communicating with one another in the target language on the specific course topic: video games. Flipping the classroom also encouraged students to explore more of the language independently. In an online survey conducted approximately six months after completing the course (response rate was 83.3%), all of the respondents reported that they autonomously continued to play games in the target language in their own spare time, and most of them did so often”. Pilot data show that students attained the desired level, continued learning on their own, and less stress was involved than in a traditional course. My course could serve as a model for a mixed/blended learning format that could be applied to other languages and even other fields. After all, video games lend themselves to some interesting potential multidisciplinary developments in, among other subjects, History, Art and Architecture.
European Politics and the Neoliberal Paradigm
Authors: Sliwinski Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

This paper looks at the European integration project in its current iteration drawing on Karl Polanyi’s assertion that markets are inseparable from the socio-cultural context. In this regard, all attempts to liberalise the economy (not excluding European integration, which is based on the principle of the single market) have practical and indeed tangible political ramifications. The main hypothesis of the paper lies in the recognition of the fact that the neoliberal agenda is one of the defining features of European integration. It is after all, the project of the single market, with its free movement of goods, services, capital, and labour that underpins European Union integrative practice.Secondly, it is the presupposition of this paper, that there is a certain degree of congruence between the economic elites, operating within the neoliberal framework, and the centre-left political elites. The argument here is that the logic of neoliberalism has been fundamentally accepted across the mainstream of the political spectrum. This consequently means that even left-wing parties have had to reposition themselves both ideologically and practically, which brings the conclusion that the market has lost its role as the basic ideological differentiator between the traditional right and left. The axis of political debate has consequently shifted to moral issues such as the relationship between the state and the church, immigration, and gender.
EKATERINBURG MERCHANTS: THE PROBLEM OF SUCCESSION (THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Mikityuk Vladimir P.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the problem of succession in the ranks of Ekaterinburg’s merchant class and the variants of its solution used in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Succession is considered as a process of capital transfer by Ekaterinburg merchants to their heirs in order to continue the commercial and industrial affairs of the testator. The article discusses the methods of training merchants’ successors, including their use as employees and their inclusion in family companies as partners. Considerable attention is paid to studying the mechanism of inheritance transfer in emergency situations and conflicts that arose during inheritance process. The author explores the cases when the heirs on a female line (widows, daughters) acted as the successors of commercial and industrial affairs, the examples of involvement of sons-in-law in the management of family capital are also given. The article uses documents from the funds of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region (GASO), as well as the periodical press (newspapers “Permskie gubernskie vedomosti”, “Ekaterinburgskaya nedelya” and others). From archival materials, documents from the funds of the Ekaterinburg City Duma and the Ekaterinburg District Court are mainly used. The following conclusions are made. The procedure of transferring the inheritance by Ekaterinburg merchants to their successors was a complex and ambiguous process. Not all Ekaterinburg merchants managed to solve the problem of succession: for this reason, a number of family firms existed only during one generation. At the same time, many representatives of the city merchant class managed to solve the problem of succession by various ways, at least for 2–3 generations. The instability of merchant capital was largely a consequence of state policy, and to a lesser extent, the result of the unresolved problem of succession.
E-Banking and Monetary Policy in Nigeria
Authors: Audu Nathan
Published: September 2021

The goal of this paper is to assess the impact of e-banking, which are distinct from conventional banking systems, on central banks’ monetary policy. E-banking poses a challenge to central banks’ ability to control interest rates and it may also increase endogenous financial instability. The challenge to interest rate control stems from the possibility that e-banking may diminish the financial system’s demand for central bank liability, rendering central banks unable to conduct meaningful open market operations. Increased financial instability could emerge from the increased elasticity of private money production and from the periodic runs out of e-banking into central bank money that generates liquidity crises. Similarly, the future of e-banking is dependent on its growth, regulation and increased technological advancements that would boost the security of the new instrument. It will directly impact the central bank’s control of monetary policy unless it is included in its measurements of monetary aggregates. We therefore recommend that since the impact of e-banking on monetary policy depends solely on how fast it will spread and the extent to which it will substitute for cash, it is vital that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) considers taking steps to compensate the resulting decrease in its balance sheet. Also, CBN must have to impose special obligations with the money reserve on the e-banking issuer in case of any large increase in e-banking creativity that will affect the monetary policy at the end. The government must keep the rate of prices stable and with this condition, where e-banking will be equal to other forms of money which maintain by apportion percentage as a reserve ratio to the central bank. Similarly, if e-banking spreads moderately, there will be a decrease in the seigniorage income and thus, the decrease in the balance sheet of CBN will be limited. Hence, it must include e-banking in monetary aggregates that the spread of e-banking may lead to a change in the velocity of money. Keywords: monetary policy, e-banking, technology, velocity of money
Safety and Health in Mining
Authors: Parra O. Paola , Quispe P. Marcos , Caceres M. Eyshller , Cahuaya C. Ivan , Condori M. Crhistian , Gomez C. Erick , Merma V. Edy
Published: September 2021

In the history of the mining sector, in its beginnings it faced very high levels of risks both safety and health. The data are limited to serious accidents, and these are mainly associated with falls from land, transport and machinery. Analysis of these data suggests that the leading causes of death tend to be the same as those of serious injuries, while disasters have a different profile. Over the past decade, mining disasters have been associated with explosions due to flammable gases, a fire on a conveyor belt, a flood of mud and water, and rock outbursts. Mandatory compliance with a company's safety, health and environmental regulations is a minimum and can be significantly improved by adding a long-term management planning and implementation process with a deeper cultural shift towards continuous improvement in safety and quality. Note that the purpose of integrating health and safety into other management systems is the need for health and safety management to be central, rather than an organizational objective.
Identification of Factors to Improve Public Transit Services (A Case Study of Prithvi Chowk to Talchowk Section of Prithivi Highway)
Authors: Baral Saroj , Bastola Prem Nath
Published: September 2021

This research presents studies on a segment of highway to determine the quantitative factors that inuence transit services. Travel time and delay study is one of the method to determine quantitative factors. Tour time is described as the average period of time required to journey from one region to some other. Total departure time consists of gadgets which include total working time, places and general delay time. The examine section was done in Prithvi chowk to Tal chowk of Prithvi Highway which is turned to be 12.5 km long.
Additionally, it has been found that the principle variables affecting travel time are: postpone time because of forestall selecting and choosing up passengers, bus model and bus size.32 trips public transport carrier and a 10 trips non-public automobile journey have been held during peak hours. Models are developed the use of SPSS software to become aware of the relationship between the causes of delays and the overall-time delays. Travel time and learning delays can help reduce the number of private vehicles operating and increase the number of public vehicles in order to reduce congestion and improve the e efficiency of the public transport system. It turned into determined that there was a full-size distinction in tour time among the use of the public transit services and the car.
An in silico approach for structural and functional annotation of matrix protein of Nipah henipavirus: A protein functional analysis
Authors: Paul Apurbo Kumar , Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
Published: September 2021

Nipah henipavirus is an emerging RNA virus with increased mortality threatening global security. In South and Southeast Asia, the Nipah virus has caused numerous disease outbreaks. The matrix protein in Nipah henipavirus has an important role, in connecting the viral envelope with the virus core. For virus assembly, linking the viral envelope with the virus core are very crucial. Through functional and structural explanation evaluations, bioinformatics strategies can help us better understanding of the protein. This investigation aims to allocate the structural and functional annotation of protein. Moreover, the investigation attributes physicochemical parameters, three-dimensional structure, and functional annotation of the protein (QBQ56721.1) applying an in silico perspective. The in silico analysis confirmed the protein's hydrophilic nature, with a secondary structure dominated by alpha (α) helices. Based on several quality assessment methodologies, the tertiary-structure model of the protein has been shown to be reasonably consistent. The functional explanation suggested the protein as a structural protein connected to the viral envelope with the virus core, a protein required for virus assembly. This investigation unleashes the significance of the matrix protein (QBQ56721.1) as a functional protein required for Nipah henipavirus.
On Peterson's open problem and representations of the general linear groups
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: September 2021

Fix $\mathbb Z/2$ is the prime field of two elements and write $\mathcal A_2$ for the mod $2$ Steenrod algebra. Denote by $GL_d:= GL(d, \mathbb Z/2)$ the general linear group of rank $d$ over $\mathbb Z/2$ and by $\mathscr P_d$ the polynomial algebra $\mathbb Z/2[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_d],$ which is viewed as a connected unstable $\mathcal A_2$-module on $d$ generators of degree one. We study the Peterson "hit problem" of finding the minimal set of $\mathcal A_2$-generators for $\mathscr P_d.$ It is equivalent to determining a $\mathbb Z/2$-basis for the space of "cohits"$$Q\mathscr P_d := \mathbb Z/2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} \mathscr P_d \cong \mathscr P_d/\mathcal A_2^+\mathscr P_d.$$ This $Q\mathscr P_d$ is considered as a form modular representation of $GL_d$ over $\mathbb Z/2.$ The problem for $d= 5$ is not yet completely solved, and unknown in general. In this work, we give an explicit solution to the hit problem of five variables in the generic degree $n = r(2^t -1) + 2^ts$ with $r = d = 5,\ s =8$ and $t$ an arbitrary non-negative integer. An application of this study to the cases $t = 0$ and $t = 1$ shows that the Singer algebraic transfer is an isomorphism in the bidegrees $(5, 5+(13.2^{0} - 5))$ and $(5, 5+(13.2^{1} - 5)).$ Moreover, the result when $t\geq 2$ was also discussed. Here, the Singer transfer of rank $d$ is a $\mathbb Z/2$-algebra homomorphism from $GL_d$-coinvariants of certain subspaces of $Q\mathscr P_d$ to the cohomology groups of the Steenrod algebra, ${\rm Ext}_{\mathcal A_2}^{d, d+*}(\mathbb Z/2, \mathbb Z/2).$ It is one of the useful tools for studying mysterious Ext groups and the Kervaire invariant one problem.
Introdução à estatística bayesiana aplicada à linguística
Authors: Garcia Guilherme D. , Lima Jr Ronaldo Mangueira
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, apresentamos os conceitos fundamentais de uma análise estatística bayesiana e demonstramos como rodar um modelo de regressão utilizando a linguagem R a partir de códigos comentados em detalhe e de pacotes amigáveis que otimizam a implementação de modelos completos. Ao longo do artigo, comparamos estatística bayesiana e estatística frequentista, destacamos as diferentes vantagens apresentadas por uma abordagem bayesiana, que dispensa valores de p e estima distribuições a posteriori de efeitos estatisticamente plausíveis com base nos dados modelados. Por fim, demonstramos como rodar um modelo simples e visualizar efeitos de interesse em gráficos intuitivos. Ao longo do artigo, sugerimos leituras adicionais aos interessados neste tipo de análise.In this paper, we introduce the basics of Bayesian data analysis and demonstrate how to run a regression model in R using linguistic data. We provide commented code and employ user-friendly packages that optimize the implementation of full-fledged statistical models. Throughout the paper, we compare Bayesian and Frequentist statistics, highlighting the different advantages of a Bayesian approach, which dispenses with the notion of p-values and instead focuses on parameter estimation using posterior distributions of credible effect sizes given the data. We also show how to run a simple model and how to visualize effects of interest. Finally, we suggest additional readings to those interested in Bayesian analysis more generally.
Distinguishing intergroup and long-distance relationships
Authors: Pisor Anne , Ross Cody T.
Published: September 2021

Intergroup and long-distance relationships are both central features of human social life, but because intergroup relationships are emphasized in the literature, long-distance relationships are often overlooked. Here, we make the case that intergroup and long-distance relationships should be studied as distinct, albeit related, features of human sociality. First, we review the functions of both kinds of relationship: while both can be conduits for difficult-to-access resources, intergroup relationships can reduce intergroup conflict while long-distance relationships are especially effective at buffering widespread resource shortfalls. Second, to illustrate the importance of distinguishing the two relationship types, we present a case study from rural Bolivia. Combining ethnography and two different experimental techniques, we find that the importance of intergroup relationships—and the salience of group membership itself—varies across populations and across methods. While ethnography revealed that participants often rely on long-distance relationships for resource access, we were unable to capture participant preferences for these relationships with a forced-choice technique. Taken together, our review and empirical data highlight that: (1) intergroup and long-distance relationships can have different functions and can be more or less important in different contexts, and (2) validating experimental field data with ethnography is crucial for work on human sociality. We close by highlighting future directions for research on long-distance relationships in humans.
On modules over the mod 2 Steenrod algebra and hit problems
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: September 2021

We will look at the binary field $\mathbb F_2$. The classical "hit problem" in algebraic topology, which is widely considered to be an important and fascinating open problem that has yet to be resolved, asks for a minimal set of generators for the polynomial algebra, $\mathcal P_m:=\mathbb F_2[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m]$, on $m$ variables $x_1, \ldots, x_m$, each of which has degree one, regarded as a connected unstable module over the 2-primary Steenrod algebra $\mathscr A.$ The algebra $\mathcal P_m$ is the cohomology with $\mathbb F_2$-coefficients of the product of $m$ copies of the Eilenberg-MacLan complex $K(\mathbb F_2, 1)$. Despite extensive study over the past three decades, the hit problem remains unresolved for $m\geq 5$. In this article, we develop our previous work [Commun. Korean Math. Soc. \textbf{35} (2020), 371-399] on the hit problem for the $\mathscr A$-module $\mathcal P_5$ in the generic degree $n_s = 5(2^{s}-1) + 18.2^{s}$ with $s$ an arbitrary non-negative integer. As a consequence, a localized variation of the Kameko conjecture, which concerns the dimension of the cohit space $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathscr A}\mathcal P_m$ in relation to parameter vectors, has been claimed to be veracious in the instance where $m = 5$ and the degree is $n_s.$ Also, we demonstrate that this conjecture remains valid for all $m\geq 1$ and degrees $\leq 12.$ This study has two important applications: (1) it establishes the dimension result for the cohit space $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathscr A}\mathcal P_m$ for $m = 6$ in the generic degree $5(2^{s+4}-1) + n_1.2^{s+4}$ with $s > 0;$ and (2) it describes the representations of the general linear group of rank $5$ over $\mathbb F_2.$ As a result, we prove that the algebraic transfer, defined by William Singer [Math. Z. \textbf{202} (1989), 493-523], is an isomorphism in bidegrees $(5, 5+n_s)$ with $s\geq 0.$ Besides, we obtain new results on the behavior of this algebraic transfer for all homological degrees $m$. Specifically, we show that Singer's transfer is a trivial isomorphism in bidegree $(m, m+12)$ for any $m > 0$. At the end of this work, we discuss the hit problem for the symmetric polynomial algebra $\mathcal P_m^{\Sigma_m}.$ This topic has been previously studied by Ali Janfada and Reginald Wood for $m\leq 3.$
Peripheral and bimanual reaching in a stroke survivor with left visual neglect and extinction
Authors: Knights Ethan , McIntosh Robert D , Ford Catherine , Buckingham Gavin , Rossit Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Whether attentional deficits are accompanied by visuomotor impairments following posterior parietal lesions has been debated for quite some time. This single-case study investigated reaching in a stroke survivor (E.B.) with left visual neglect and visual extinction following right temporo-parietal-frontal strokes. Unlike most neglect patients, E.B. did not present left hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopia nor showed evidence of motor neglect or extinction allowing us to examine, for the first time, if lateralised attentional deficits co-occur with deficits in peripheral and bimanual reaching. First, we found a classic optic ataxia field effect: E.B.’s accuracy was impaired when reaching to peripheral targets in her neglected left visual field (regardless of the hand used). Second, we found a larger bimanual cost for movement time in E.B. than controls when both hands reached to incongruent locations. E.B.’s visuomotor profile is similar the one of patients with optic ataxia showing that attentional deficits are accompanied by visuomotor deficits in the affected field.
Experience-Driven Plasticity and the Emergence of Psychopathology: A Mechanistic Framework Integrating Development and the Environment into the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Model
Authors: McLaughlin Katie A , Gabard-Durnam Laurel Joy
Published: September 2021

Despite the clear importance of a developmental perspective for understanding the emergence of psychopathology across the life-course, such a perspective has yet to be integrated into the RDoC model. In this paper, we articulate a framework that incorporates developmentally-specific learning mechanisms that reflect experience-driven plasticity as additional units of analysis in the existing RDoC matrix. These include both experience-expectant learning mechanisms that occur during sensitive periods of development and experience-dependent learning mechanisms that may exhibit substantial variation across development. Incorporating these learning mechanisms allows for clear integration not only of development but also environmental experience into the RDoC model. We demonstrate how individual differences in environmental experiences—such as early-life adversity—can be leveraged to identify experience-driven plasticity patterns across development and apply this framework to consider how environmental experience shapes key biobehavioral processes that comprise the RDoC model. This framework provides a structure for understanding how affective, cognitive, social, and neurobiological processes are shaped by experience across development and ultimately contribute to the emergence of psychopathology. We demonstrate how incorporating an experience-driven plasticity framework is critical for understanding the development of many processes subsumed within the RDoC model, which will contribute to greater understanding of developmental variation in the etiology of psychopathology and can be leveraged to identify potential windows of heightened developmental plasticity when clinical interventions might be maximally efficacious.
Elizabeth I’s Royal Progresses: A Study of Formal Orations and Poetic Recitations
Authors: Garrouri Sihem Salah
Published: September 2021

The present study examines the rhetoric of inconsistency in the representation of Queen Elizabeth I through a reading of formal orations and poetic recitations written during her royal progresses. These literary resources, which were deliberately designed to promote the Elizabethan monarchy, offer illuminating examples of Elizabeth’s struggle to cultivate a distinctive royal identity. I would suggest that the tactical rhetorical practice of creating paradoxical images was an essential constituent of Elizabeth’s statecraft to cement her authority and reinforce her legitimacy. Indeed, the deployment of a discourse of contradiction that shaped Elizabeth’s progresses was a necessary and practical approach to overcome the vulnerability of an unmarried female monarch. The analysis of contradictory imagery is a valuable contribution to comprehend the complexity of Elisabeth’s representation and her strategies of exercising power in a patriarchal society. The research shows that Elizabeth employed the medium of creating ambiguous images as a rhetorical tactic to overcome gender bias against the female monarchy, and her courtiers utilized the same approach to advance their own agendas. It explores two ambiguous representations: masculine/ feminine portrayal and virgin/ maternal depiction.
The East in the Western Perception: Orientalism in some selected Poems of Lord Byron
Authors: Al-Saidi Afaf Ahmed Hasan
Published: September 2021

Orientalism as a literary phenomenon has been recently focused on by different writers all over the world. Many of those who write about Orientalism have not the same understanding, and the divergences are reproduced due to different attitudes toward Orientalism. From various studies concerning Orientalism, there are apparent tributaries confronting the understanding of the concept of Orientalism from different perspectives. Edward Said is one of those who, according to what many Western and Eastern writers say, represent the negative attitude towards Orientalism, and tries only to make it appear ugly and offensive. Many writers, Arabs and non-Arabs, take, more or less, the same approach Said used towards the subject of Orientalism. Others have, to some extent, tried to give excuses for the writers, especially the Romantics, for the negative impression their writings reflected on the readers when going through what is supposed to be Oriental works. Nigel Leask, Sari Makdisi, Emily Haddad, Martin Bright, Tripta Wahi and Naji Oueijan are the significant writers of this group. British orientalists did not use the right approach to look or write about the East. What irritates Said is that these orientalists did not pay attention to find any possibility by which they could bridge the gap between the European and Asiatic parts of the world. This paper tries to trace and to define Lord Byron’s type of Orientalism in some of his oriental works and his chief work Don Juan.
Gothic Reality: A Study of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights
Authors: Moussaoui Roumaissa
Published: September 2021

Emily Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, is a gothic novel with an innovative stance. Gothic elements permeate the story, but it is not a gothic novel in the traditional sense of the word. The fantastic tales so popular in the eighteenth century alienated the reader by creating phantasmagorical worlds. Emily Bronte, however, grounded her gothic world firmly in reality. Through an analytical approach, the author aims to show, in this article, how Emily Bronte reversed gothic conventions to create a gothic reality whose message is still relevant today. The author will show that her use of the gothic mode was an attempt to capture the real essence of life, anticipating the metaphysical theories of D. H. Lawrence, who wrote at the end of the nineteenth century. By highlighting her innate understanding of human nature , this article will focus on her affinity with Lawrence and the celebration of man’s powerful primal instincts. This article hinges on the premise that she deplored the mechanical restrictions of the society in which she lived. The author aims to show that her Gothicism is, paradoxically, synonymous with a search for life.
Coronavirus Apocalypse: A Representation of Despair and Resilience
Authors: Al-Harby Nesreen
Published: September 2021

This paper explores Mathias Besong’s My Struggle with COVID-19 (2020), Nikita Gill’s Love in the Time of Coronavirus (2020), and Elizabeth Mitchell’s The Doctor and Apocalypse (2020) and focusses on how these poems illustrate authors’ reactions to the spread of coronavirus. Therefore, it engages genre theory and argues that the examined verse adopts features and themes of post-apocalyptic literature. The research employs a comparative approach that divides the poems into three categories: the poetry of despair, the poetry of hope, and the ambivalent poetry that depicts responses to the pandemic inconsistently. The study shows that the explored poems express contradictions between social distancing, physical isolation, and global connectedness and oneness. This paper scrutinizes the concept of survival and examines features of coronavirus survivors as significant elements in the explored genre. The research debates that human reactions to distress are universal. It also draws attention to the effectiveness of writing poetry to aspire to hope, achieve global human solidarity, and challenge fear and hardships. The research demonstrates the social impacts of Covid-19 and how poetry becomes a means that expresses fear and hope through its employment of post-apocalyptic conventions and tropes. Finally, the researcher suggests that the examined poets depict their anxieties and psychological distress; however, they overlook illustrating the physical pain associated with coronavirus. This study contributes to ongoing scholarly discussions that focus on selected poems produced during the Covid-19 context and sheds light on their genre, conventions, and tropes.
A Study on Squatter Settlements of Kathmandu Using GIS, Aerial Photography, Remote Sensing and Household Survey
Authors: K.C. Kiran , Pahari Krishna
Published: September 2021

The study was done to explore various issues facing by the squat dwellers of two densely populated squatter settlements of the Kathmandu valley (Manohara and Thapathali). A series of temporal satellite imageries along with orthophoto were analyzed and mapped focusing the food security and their livelihood conditions, sanitary and hygienic conditions and the flood hazard assessment. The study revealed that there has been a drastic landuse change in the Manohara area as compared to the Thapathali one. The squatter settlement that currently exists is found to have been in the flood plain. The household survey has disclosed that a majority of squatters who have settled in these places belong to Janajatis and they have mainly migrated from the hilly region and the surrounding districts of the Kathmandu valley. Besides, drinking water tested from both of the areas is contaminated with high concentration of Nitrate and Coliform. Hygienic conditions are also very poor as toilets lie along the river banks resulting in the depletion of the river quality and the scenic beauty of the surrounding environment. The community-based flood hazard mapping done with the GPS survey has revealed that all the settlements from both of the areas had been inundated in the month of July in 2009. In both area, people are deprived of basis amenities and they have been neglected by the concerned government authorities. Adequate research on scientific basic is an urgent need so as to draft a clear cut specific policy that can address their issues and stop environmental deterioration, destruction of beautiful green grassland and the sanitary conditions.
Spatial Analysis: an Assessment of the Road Accessibility
Authors: Adhikari Madhu Sudan
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Examining Post-Adoptive Change of Enterprise System Implementations: A Socio-Technical Perspective
Authors: Techakriengkrai Wallayaporn , Techatassanasoontorn Angsana A. , Tan Felix B.
Published: September 2021

The implementation of a new enterprise system is a major change event for end-users. Since organisations need to modify their processes and structures to align with the enterprise system, users must learn and understand the new system as well as engage with it in their work practices. Past research has largely focused on the initial organisational adoption of an enterprise system. However, there has been little research concerning the change process in the post-adoption stage. This research addresses this gap by drawing on the punctuated socio-technical information system change (PSIC) model to explain the change through critical events, gaps between socio-technical components, responses to gaps, and outcomes. The research question is: How do socio-technical changes unfold in an enterprise system implementation? The study employs a qualitative interpretive case study method. The results reveal that changes in the structure of work following enterprise system implementation affect organisational performance, the social system, and individual work practices. This research contributes to a better understanding of technical and social changes and their impacts in the post-adoption of enterprise system implementation. The findings may assist organisations in providing appropriate resources and support for successful enterprise system implementation.
Information Technology Governance and the individuals' behavior: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernandes Pedro , Pereira Rúben , Wiedenhöft Guilherme
Published: September 2021

Information technology (IT) is increasingly important to organizations and has become essential to the development of sustainable business growth. It is therefore necessary to adopt IT governance (ITG) mechanisms to ensure better solutions, sustainable growth, and better decision-making. As employee behavior is a competitive differential, this work focuses on the behavioral expression of ITG. It aims at analyzing ITG institutionalization's effect on the main dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Portugal. OCB describes individuals' voluntary commitment to an organization, including attitudes outside of their contractual functions. A descriptive-confirmative ex post facto research was conducted through survey research to 112 employees of IT-related departments and divisions from companies of all sizes in Portugal. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method was used to test the overall model. The general hypothesis was confirmed, showing that ITG institutionalization positively affects individuals' OCBs in Portuguese organizations. In practical terms, it is possible to show organizations that by implementing their ITG Mechanisms, they are increasing employees' OCBs and, consequently, organizational effectiveness.