bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence (AI) for home support interventions in dementia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Qi Jinghan , Wu Chuntao , Yang Longfei , Ni Cuiping , Liu Yu
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Dementia has become one of the significant causes of disability and dependency among older people globally. The proportion of people with dementia who are cared for at home has soared. The rapid growth of technology and data has stimulated artificial intelligence (AI) in patients with dementia at home. However, there are still tremendous opportunities and challenges in applying AI to patients with dementia at home, and there is no systematic overview.

Methods and analysis

The review will adopt the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. The structure and content of this protocol follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The proposed study will consider applying AI technology for dementia patients living at home and their families. Authors will conduct systematic searches: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Cochrane database, EBSCO, Ovid, PsycINFO, Embase. The extracted data will be processed qualitatively and described through tables. The findings are integrated by a narrative synthesis. This review aims to evaluate the nature and extent of the application of AI technology in patients with dementia at home through a systematic search of the literature.

Ethics and dissemination

Scoping review is an analysis of existing data and therefore does not require ethical approval. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

Scoping review protocol registration . DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/3NU9C.
Cohort profile: pathways to care among people with disorders of sex development (DSD)
Authors: Goodman Michael , Yacoub Rami , Getahun Darios , McCracken Courtney E , Vupputuri Suma , Lash Timothy L , Roblin Douglas , Contreras Richard , Cromwell Lee , Gardner Melissa D , Hoffman Trenton , Hu Haihong , Im Theresa M , Prakash Asrani Radhika , Robinson Brandi , Xie Fagen , Nash Rebecca , Zhang Qi , Bhai Sadaf A , Venkatakrishnan Kripa , Stoller Bethany , Liu Yijun , Gullickson Cricket , Ahmed Maaz , Rink David , Voss Ava , Jung Hye-Lee , Kim Jin , Lee Peter A , Sandberg David E
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The ‘DSD Pathways’ study was initiated to assess health status and patterns of care among people enrolled in large integrated healthcare systems and diagnosed with conditions comprising the broad category of disorders (differences) of sex development (DSD). The objectives of this communication are to describe methods of cohort ascertainment for two specific DSD conditions—classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia with 46,XX karyotype (46,XX CAH) and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS).

Participants

Using electronic health records we developed an algorithm that combined diagnostic codes, clinical notes, laboratory data and pharmacy records to assign each cohort candidate a ‘strength-of-evidence’ score supporting the diagnosis of interest. A sample of cohort candidates underwent a review of the full medical record to determine the score cutoffs for final cohort validation.

Findings to date

Among 5404 classic 46,XX CAH cohort candidates the strength-of-evidence scores ranged between 0 and 10. Based on sample validation, the eligibility cut-off for full review was set at the strength-of-evidence score of ≥7 among children under the age of 8 years and ≥8 among older cohort candidates. The final validation of all cohort candidates who met the cut-off criteria identified 115 persons with classic 46,XX CAH. The strength-of-evidence scores among 648 CAIS cohort candidates ranged from 2 to 10. There were no confirmed CAIS cases among cohort candidates with scores <6. The in-depth medical record review for candidates with scores ≥6 identified 61 confirmed cases of CAIS.

Future plans

As the first cohort of this type, the DSD Pathways study is well-positioned to fill existing knowledge gaps related to management and outcomes in this heterogeneous population. Analyses will examine diagnostic and referral patterns, adherence to care recommendations and physical and mental health morbidities examined through comparisons of DSD and reference populations and analyses of health status across DSD categories.
Stand-Alone Left Atrial appendage occlusion for throMboembolism prevention in nonvalvular Atrial fibrillatioN DiseasE Registry (SALAMANDER): protocol for a prospective observational nationwide study
Authors: Kowalewski Mariusz , Wańha Wojciech , Litwinowicz Radoslaw , Kołodziejczak Michalina , Pasierski Michal , Januszek Rafal , Kuźma Łukasz , Grygier Marek , Lesiak Maciej , Kapłon-Cieślicka Agnieszka , Reczuch Krzysztof , Gil Robert , Pawłowski Tomasz , Bartuś Krzysztof , Dobrzycki Sławomir , Lorusso Roberto , Bartuś Stanislaw , Deja Marek Andrzej , Smolka Grzegorz , Wojakowski Wojciech , Suwalski Piotr
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent disease considerably contributing to the worldwide cardiovascular burden. For patients at high thromboembolic risk (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥3) and not suitable for chronic oral anticoagulation, owing to history of major bleeding or other contraindications, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is indicated for stroke prevention, as it lowers patient’s ischaemic burden without augmentation in their anticoagulation profile.

Methods and analysis

Stand-Alone Left Atrial appendage occlusion for throMboembolism prevention in nonvalvular Atrial fibrillatioN DiseasE Registry (SALAMANDER) will be conducted in 10 heart surgery and cardiology centres across Poland to assess the outcomes of LAAO performed by fully thoracoscopic-epicardial, percutaneous-endocardial or hybrid endo-epicardial approach. The registry will include patients with nonvalvular AF at a high risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications (CHA2DS2-VASc Score ≥2 for males, ≥3 for females, HASBLED score ≥2) referred for LAAO. The first primary outcome is composite procedure-related complications, all-cause death or major bleeding at 12 months. The second primary outcome is a composite of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism at 12 months. The third primary outcome is the device-specific success assessed by an independent core laboratory at 3–6 weeks. The quality of life (QoL) will be assessed as well based on the QoL EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Medication and drug adherence will be assessed as well.

Ethics and dissemination

Before enrolment, a detailed explanation is provided by the investigator and patients are given time to make an informed decision. The patient’s data will be protected according to the requirements of Polish law, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and hospital Standard Operating Procedures. The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the local Bioethics Committee of the Upper-Silesian Medical Centre of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice (decision number KNW/0022/KB/284/19). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented during national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05144958.
Influence of cigarette packet branding and colours on young male smokers’ recognition, appeal and harm perceptions of tobacco brands in Cambodia: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Stubbs Thomas , White Victoria , Yong Hua-Hie , Chhordaphea Chhea , Toumbourou John W
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To explore how cigarette packet branding and colours influence young male smokers’ perceptions of tobacco brands in Cambodia.

Design

Mixed-methods study.

Setting

Worksites, living accommodations, a university and public locations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Participants

147 male Cambodian smokers (18–24 years).

Interventions

Participants were shown mock-up pictures of different cigarette packet branding and colour variations and asked to respond to close-ended and short-response questions.

Outcome measures

Brand recognition, appeal and harm perceptions of cigarette packet branding and colours.

Results

When shown three packets with brand names removed, 98.6% of participants recognised packet one as Mevius brand, 21.1% recognised packet two as Marlboro and 38.8% recognised packet three as 555. For the three fully-branded and three matching plain packets, most participants selected a fully-branded packet as the most appealing taste (83.0%) and most appealing to youth (81.7%). Participants described their chosen brand as appealing due to beliefs about its superior taste/quality, reduced harm and symbolic attitudes surrounding tobacco brands and smokers of different brands in a social status hierarchy. When shown six different colours of unbranded packets, participants selected the blue packet (51.0%) as the most appealing for taste, the white packet as the least harmful (25.2%), and the red (15.0%) and black (12.9%) packets as the most harmful to health. They described their associations of packet colours with abstract imagery concerning smoking-related harms and their future well-being.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that packet branding and colours influence young male smokers’ recognition, appeal and harm perceptions of tobacco brands in Cambodia and remain an influential marketing tool for tobacco companies where advertising is banned. Consequently, Cambodia and other low and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia should implement plain packaging.
Effects of an e-health intervention ‘iSupport’ for reducing distress of dementia carers: protocol for a randomised controlled trial and feasibility study
Authors: Windle Gill , Flynn Greg , Hoare Zoe , Masterson-Algar Patricia , Egan Kieren , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Jones Carys , Spector Aimee , Algar-Skaife Katherine , Hughes Gwenllian , Brocklehurst Paul , Goulden Nia , Skelhorn Debbie , Stott Joshua
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In the UK, National Health Service (NHS) guidelines recommend that informal carers of people living with dementia should be offered training to help them develop care skills and manage their own physical and mental health. The WHO recommends access to affordable, proven, well-designed, online technologies for education, skills training and support for dementia carers. In response to these recommendations, this multisite randomised controlled trial (RCT) is the first study in the UK to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an online support programme developed by the WHO called ‘iSupport for dementia carers’.

Methods and analysis

350 informal carers (age 18+ years) living in Britain who self-identify as experiencing stress and depression will be recruited. They will be randomised to receive ‘iSupport’, or standardised information about caring for someone with dementia (control–comparison). Data will be collected via videoconferencing (eg, Zoom) or telephone interview at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Intention-to-treat analysis will ascertain effectiveness in the primary outcomes (distress and depression) and combined cost, and quality-adjusted life-year data will be used to assess cost-effectiveness compared with usual care from a public sector and wider societal perspective. A mixed-methods process evaluation with a subgroup of carers in the intervention (~N=50) will explore the barriers and facilitators to implementing ‘iSupport’. A non-randomised feasibility study will adapt ‘iSupport’ for young carers (n=38 participants, age 11–17 years).

Ethics and dissemination

The research plan was scrutinised by National Institute for Health Research reviewers ahead of funding being awarded. Ethical approval was granted by Bangor University’s School of Health and Medical Sciences Academic Ethics Committee, reference number 2021-16915. Dissemination plans include delivering events for stakeholders, social media, a project website, developing policy briefings, presenting at conferences and producing articles for open access publications.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN17420703.
Analysing the influencing factors on caregivers’ burden among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in China: a cross-sectional study based on data mining
Authors: Lian Ling , Zheng Minying , He Ruojie , Lin Jianing , Chen Weineng , Pei Zhong , Yao Xiaoli
Published: September 2022

Objectives

There is significant burden on caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, only a few studies have focused on caregivers, and traditional research methods have obvious shortcomings in dealing with multiple influencing factors. This study was designed to explore influencing factors on caregiver burden among ALS patients and their caregivers from a new perspective.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The data were collected at an affiliated hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Participants

Fifty-seven pairs of patients with ALS and their caregivers were investigated by standardised questionnaires.

Main outcome measures

This study primarily assessed the influencing factor of caregiver burden including age, gender, education level, economic status, anxiety, depression, social support, fatigue, sleep quality and stage of disease through data mining. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was established by Python 3.8.1 to minimise the effect of multicollinearity.

Results

According to LASSO regression model, we found 10 variables had weights. Among them, Milano-Torinos (MITOS) stage (0–1) had the highest weight (−12.235), followed by younger age group (−3.198), lower-educated group (2.136), fatigue (1.687) and social support (-0.455). Variables including sleep quality, anxiety, depression and sex (male) had moderate weights in this model. Economic status (common), economic status (better), household (city), household (village), educational level (high), sex (female), age (older) and MITOS stage (2–4) had a weight of zero.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that the severity of ALS patients is the most influencing factor in caregiver burden. Caregivers of ALS patients may suffer less from caregiver burden when the patients are less severe, and the caregivers are younger. Low educational status could increase caregiver burden. Caregiver burden is positively correlated with the degree of fatigue and negatively correlated with social support. Hopefully, more attention should be paid to caregivers of ALS, and effective interventions can be developed to relieve this burden.
Palliative care journal publications by country as a metric for palliative care development level
Authors: Alsirafy Samy A , Mousa Somaia M A
Published: September 2022

Objective

There is a growing interest in developing a scientific research metric to assess the level of palliative care (PC) development in countries. This study assesses a metric based on publishing in specialised PC journals as an indicator for the level of PC development.

Methods

A 3-year average articles per million population per year (3y-AAMY) metric was calculated using documents published in 19 specialised PC journals indexed in Scopus database. Countries were categorised into six levels starting with level ‘0’ with no publications then levels Q1 to Q5 according to the 3y-AAMY quintiles (Q5=best performance). The relationship between the 3y-AAMY and the level of PC development in countries and opioid consumption figures was tested.

Results

During 2016–2018, 6610 eligible documents were published in the selected 19 journals. The median (IQR) 3y-AAMY of 191 countries was 0.0123 (0–0.237). The 3y-AAMY differed significantly among the levels of PC development, being 0 (IQR:0–0) for category 1 (no known activity) countries and 1.129 (IQR:0.286–4.625) for category 4B (advanced integration) countries (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.000001 and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test p<0.00001). The correlation between the 3y-AAMY and average opioid consumption was a highly significant positive one (Spearman’s ρ=0.681, p<0.0001). Furthermore, opioid consumption differed significantly between the 3y-AAMY categories being highest for Q5 countries (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.000001 and Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test p<0.00001).

Conclusion

A metric based on publishing in specialised PC journals correlates significantly with the levels of PC development and opioid consumption in countries and may be used alongside other indicators for the assessment of PC development.
Geotechnical performance of fine tailings in an oil sands pit lake
Authors: Dunmola Adedeji , Werneiwski Robert A. , McGowan Dallas , Shaw Bill , Carrier David
Published: September 2022

Syncrude Canada Ltd.’s Base Mine Lake (BML), the first commercial-scale demonstration of an oil sands pit lake, was commissioned in December 2012, following in-pit deposition of fine tailings (FT) between 1995 and 2012. The geotechnical design basis for the FT in BML is that it will consolidate and densify over time, contributing to fines sequestration below the water cap. This paper presents the geotechnical performance of the FT in BML within the context of this geotechnical design basis. The FT has settled from 196.0 to 171.6 Mm3 by 2019, with cumulative settlement varying spatially between 0.3 and 6.7 m. FT settlement is consistent with the expected self-weight consolidation as modeled by finite-strain non-linear consolidation theory, and is reflected as temporal increase in the profiles of solids content and effective stress. Sonar surveying, profile sampling, shear strength, and underwater photography show that the transition of geotechnical properties at the mudline becomes increasingly distinct over time. These observations support the geotechnical design basis for BML and indicate the fines continue to be sequestered below the water cap.
Modelling the transport of tailings after Mount Polley tailings dam failure using multisource geospatial data
Authors: Sreekumar Uthra , Rennie Colin , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Nistor Ioan , Lovitt Julie , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2022

Tailings dams (TD) are usually located in valleys that are not easily accessible and hence one global digital elevation model (DEM) is used in most of the TD breach outflow modelling studies but the challenges this impose when calibrating visco-plastic rheological models has not been fully investigated. Implications of using GeoBase DEMs for model calibration is studied by comparing it with a model that is calibrated using a merged DEM generated from multiple products. The influence of rheological parameters, roughness coefficient and sediment concentration ( Cv) on simulated variables is studied. It was concluded that when GeoBase DEM was used for back analysis of the event, physically meaningful set of rheology values could not be assigned. Flow behaviour was strongly influenced by Cv and least influenced by Manning’s values. Runout distance was more sensitive to viscosity than yield stress. Mudflow depth and arrival time increased with increase in viscosity and Cv.
Road Friction Coefficient Estimation Via Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation and Uncertainty Estimation
Authors: Liu Feilin , Wu Yan , Mo Yujian , Liao Yujun , He Yufei
Published: September 2022

Vision-based road friction coefficient estimation received extensive attention in the field of road maintenance and autonomous driving. However, the current mainstream coarse-grained friction estimation methods are basically based on image classification tasks. This makes it difficult to deal with complex road conditions in changing weathers. Many models can correctly predict the friction coefficients of the road as a whole in consistent and simple road conditions, but perform poorly otherwise. The existing image benchmarks in this field rarely consider the above problems as well, which limits the comparable evaluations of different models. Therefore, in this paper, we first construct a challenging pixel-level friction coefficient estimation dataset WRF-P to evaluate model performances under mixed road conditions. Then, we propose a friction coefficient estimation method based on weakly supervised learning and uncertainty estimation to realize pixel-level road friction prediction with low annotation cost. The model outperforms existing weakly supervised methods and reaches 39.63% mIOU on the WRF-P dataset. The WRF-P dataset will be made publicly available at https://github.com/blackholeLFL/The-WRF-dataset soon.
On the classicality of bosonic stars
Authors: Herdeiro Carlos A. R. , Radu Eugen
Published: September 2022

Because the Klein–Gordon and Proca equations involve [Formula: see text], they describe quantum fields. Their solutions, however, may be treated as classical if their typical action obeys [Formula: see text]. This is possible due to their bosonic nature, allowing states with many particles. We show, by generic arguments, that the typical action for such bosonic stars is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the maximal bosonic star mass of the particular model and [Formula: see text] is the Planck mass. Thus, for models allowing [Formula: see text] and for solutions with mass [Formula: see text], the classical treatment is legitimate, which includes masses in the astrophysical interesting range [Formula: see text].
EFFECT OF HARVESTING ON A THREE-SPECIES PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTION WITH FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE
Authors: BRAHIM BOUKABCHA , BENALI ABDELKADER , HAKEM ALI , DJILALI SALIH , ZEB ANWAR , KHAN ZAREEN A.
Published: September 2022

We aim in this paper to study the effect of harvesting on predator–prey interaction in the case of prey herd behavior using a fractional-order model. Herd behavior has a crucial role in the surviving of species where it gave them the sufficient protection for the prey that perform it. The objective of using the fractional-order model is to model the memory effect measured by the order of the fractional derivative on the mutual interactions. Further, we aim to seek the effect of inner competition among the predators (also super-predators) on the evolution of the three species. For the mathematical results, we will show the local stability of the equilibria, and show the effect of memory rate and harvesting of the asymptotic behavior of the solution. Moreover, an efficient numerical scheme has been used to provide the numerical illustrations for our study.
CLASSIFICATION OF TUMORS BASED ON GENETIC EXPRESSIONS
Authors: ACEVEDO-MOSQUEDA MARÍA ELENA , ORANTES-JIMÉNEZ SANDRA DINORA , ACEVEDO-MOSQUEDA MARCO ANTONIO , AGUILERA RICARDO CARREÑO
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes the ability of different machine learning algorithms to find patterns in the levels of gene expression for the correct classification of the five different types of tumors: breast, colon, kidney, lung, and prostate. The machine learning techniques were selected according to the most used algorithms in the related works: Bayesian method, Decision Trees, and [Formula: see text]-Nearest Neighbors. Three metrics were applied to test the performance of the classifiers: Precision, Recall, and [Formula: see text]-score. The results of Precision of the algorithms were 95.03% (Bayesian), 96.73% (Decision Trees), and 99.52% ([Formula: see text]-Nearest Neighbors). A software prototype was developed to classify tumors based on genetic expressions utilizing these three algorithms with satisfactory results.
Optimization-Assisted CNN Model for Fault Classification and Site Location in Transmission Lines
Authors: Kumar V. Rajesh , Jeyanthy P. Aruna , Kesavamoorthy R.
Published: September 2022

The theme of the paper is to emphasize the detection and classification of faults and their site location in the transmission line using machine learning techniques which help to indemnify the foul-up of the humans in identifying the site and type of occurrence of fault. Moreover, the transient stability is a supreme one in power systems and so the disturbances like faults are required to be separated to preserve the transient stability. In general, the protection of the transmission line includes the installation of relays at both ends of the line that constantly monitor voltages and currents and operate unless a fault occurs on a line. Therefore, this paper intends to introduce a novel transmission line protection model by exploiting the hybrid optimization concept to train the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Here, the fault detection, classification and site location are diagnosed by using CNN which is trained and tested by making use of diverse synthetic field data derived from the simulation models of distinct types of transmission lines. Hence, the location and the type of faults will be predicted by the CNN depending on the fault signal characteristics which are optimally trained by a new hybrid algorithm named Chicken Swarm Insisted Spotted Hyena (CSI-SH) Algorithm that hybrids both the concept of Spotted Hyena Optimization (SHO) and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). Finally, the proposed method based on CNN for fault classification and site location of transmission lines is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and the performances are compared with various measures like classification accuracy, fault detection rate and so on.
A DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ON THE DETECTION OF RACIAL PROFILING
Authors: HERMINGHAUS STEPHAN , HEIDEMANN KNUT M.
Published: September 2022

It is investigated how a possible racial bias in police officer’s searching behavior might be detected from the temporal variations in search rate and hit rate data. It is shown that this appears possible, conditions on data quality are derived, and a few tests on several aspects of racial bias are proposed.
Local irregular vertex coloring of comb product by path graph and star graph
Authors: Kristiana Arika Indah , Mursyidah Indah Lutfiyatul , Dafik D. , Adawiyah Robiatul , Alfarisi Ridho
Published: September 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple graph and connected. A function [Formula: see text] is called vertex irregular [Formula: see text]-labeling and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] The function of [Formula: see text] is called local irregular vertex coloring if every [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] vertex irregular labeling}. The local irregular chromatic number is denoted by [Formula: see text] In this paper, we study local irregular vertex coloring of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]
Enhanced piezoelectric properties and temperature stability in KNN-based textured ceramics
Authors: Lin Yan , Wang Ru , Qu Jiawei , Gao Shuo , Zhang Yi , Yan Junli , Hao Jigong , Li Peng , Li Wei
Published: September 2022

Considering the advantages of high Curie temperature and environment-friendly nature of KNN piezoelectric ceramics, the limitation of weak piezoelectric response and their temperature sensitivity to applications is worth exploring. Herein, the <001> textured (1-[Formula: see text])(K[Formula: see text]Na[Formula: see text])(Nb[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text])O3-[Formula: see text](Bi[Formula: see text]Na[Formula: see text])HfO3([Formula: see text] = 0.01−0.045) lead-free ceramics were synthesized by templated grain-growth method. The high piezoelectric performance (d[Formula: see text] of 474 pC/N and strain of 0.21%) and excellent temperature stability (unipolar strain maintained within 4.3% change between 30[Formula: see text]C and 165[Formula: see text]C) were simultaneously achieved in the textured KNNS-0.03BNH ceramics. The high piezoelectric performance can be attributed to the summation of the crystallographic anisotropy and phase structure contributions in <001> textured ceramics. The superior temperature stability of piezoelectric properties can be interpreted by the contribution of crystal anisotropy to piezoelectric properties reduces the effect of phase transition on piezoelectric properties deterioration. This study provides an effective strategy for simultaneously achieving high piezoelectric properties and superior temperature stability in KNN-based textured ceramics.
Embedding epitaxial VO2 film with quality metal-insulator transition to SAW devices
Authors: Kutepov M. E. , Karapetyan G. Ya. , Minasyan T. A. , Kaydashev V. E. , Lisnevskaya I. V. , Abdulvakhidov K. G. , Kozmin A. A. , Kaidashev E. M.
Published: September 2022

Epitaxial VO2 films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method with superior phase transition related switching characteristics are successfully embedded to SAW devices using concept of the “impedance loaded SAW sensor”. A resistance of VO2 sensor abruptly drops from 0.7 M[Formula: see text] to 90 [Formula: see text] when it is heated above [Formula: see text]65[Formula: see text]C and shows a narrow hysteresis loops when switching. Two designs of SAW devices are examined in which RF signal is reflected back from interdigital transducer (IDT) or a surface acoustic waves (SAW) is transferred through a coupler and the RF response is altered 2 and 3 times correspondingly upon the phase transition in VO2. In the proposed devices with external load, a SAW does not propagate via VO2 film and therefore is not attenuated which is beneficiary for wireless applications. Additionally, a SAW phase shift as great as 50[Formula: see text] is induced to the SAW transferred through the coupler due to the phase transition in VO2. The proposed approach may boost the development of remotely controlled autonomous sensors, including those based on VO2 metamaterials and hybrid plasmonic structures for near IR/middle IR and sub-THz/THz applications.
Structural characterization and across-fault seal assessment of the Aurora CO
2
storage site, northern North Sea
Authors: Holden Nora , Osmond Johnathon L. , Mulrooney Mark J. , Braathen Alvar , Skurtveit Elin , Sundal Anja
Published: September 2022

Faults play an essential role at many potential CO
2
storage sites because they can act as conduits or barriers to fluid flow. To contribute to the evaluation of the Aurora storage site in the northern North Sea, we perform a structural characterization and assessment of across-fault seals that displace the Lower Jurassic storage complex. We find that first-order faults are predominately north–south striking and west dipping, with throws greater than the thickness of the primary seal (>85 m). In contrast, second-order faults have lower throws (15–50 m), and variable strike and dip directions. Due to the dip of the storage complex, injected CO
2
is likely to migrate northwards before encountering the first-order Svartalv Fault Zone on its footwall side, which juxtaposes the storage units against younger sand-rich units. However, shale gouge ratio values exceed 0.30 at the depth of the storage complex, suggesting that a fault membrane seal may be present. Furthermore, second-order NE-dipping faults create juxtaposition seals and, in places, small-scale structural traps (24–48 m) along the Svartalv Fault Zone. Overall, we suggest that faults within the Aurora storage site could provide barriers to plume migration, allowing more CO
2
to become trapped and thereby increasing the storage capacity.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Energy Geoscience Series available at
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/energy-geoscience-series
Storytelling and science
Authors: Barik Titus , Gulwani Sumit , Juarez Mario
Published: September 2022

Incorporating storytelling into organizational culture.
Should young computer scientists stop collaborating with their doctoral advisors?
Authors: Rosenfeld Ariel , Maksimov Oleg
Published: September 2022

Factors that impact (positively and negatively) the advisor-advisee relationship.
Neurosymbolic AI
Authors: Monroe Don
Published: September 2022

Combining neural networks with symbolic representations might make them more versatile and dependable.
Linear address spaces
Authors: Kamp Poul-Henning
Published: September 2022

Unsafe at any speed.
A Review and Analysis of the Impact of Homicide Measurement on Cross-National Research
Authors: Rogers Meghan L. , Pridemore William Alex
Published: September 2022

The number of cross-national homicide studies is increasing rapidly. Many scholars, however, do not consider the details of how individual nations and the four main centralized homicide data sources—raw estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database, adjusted estimates from the WHO Global Health Observatory, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and World Bank World Development Indicators—generate national homicide rates and the impact this may have on results and the scientific record. We tested whether homicide trends, levels, and structural covariates are dependent on data source. We used 1990–2018 data in 5-year groupings and pooled them over time and nation. We utilized exploratory data analysis techniques to look for differences in homicide rates and trends. Then we employed seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to determine whether associations with homicide of typical structural covariates were dependent on homicide data source. Finally, we examined Wald Tests to determine whether differences in the sizes of the SUR coefficients from each data source were significantly different from zero. We found differences in homicide trends and rates by data source and that associations with homicide rates of structural covariates varied in significance, magnitude, and even direction depending on homicide data source. Cross-national homicideresearch has a promising future for understanding short- and long-term global and regional trends and population-level covariates and constructing theoretical explanations for geographical and temporal variation. However, researchers must better understand how national homicide data are generated by nations and these four data sources. All four systems possess limitations, but homicide data from the WHO Mortality Database present the most attractive option.
New Insights into Turbulent Spots
Authors: Wu Xiaohua
Published: September 2022

Transitional–turbulent spots bridge the deterministic laminar state with the stochastic turbulent state and affect the transition zone length in engineering flows. Turbulent spot research over the past four decades has expanded from incompressible flat-plate boundary layer and pipe flow to hypersonic boundary layer flow, turbomachinery flow, channel flow, plane Couette flow, and a range of more complex flows. Progress has been made on the origination, composition, demarcation, growth, mutual interaction, reproduction, sustainability, and self-organization of turbulent spots. The hypothesis that transitional–turbulent spots are a basic module of the fully turbulent boundary layer has been proven through the discovery of locally generated turbulent–turbulent spots dominating the wall layer. Splitting of transitional–turbulent spots in pipe flow has been linked to a life cycle localized in the spot frontal section. This review discusses these advances and outlines future research directions.
Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance
Authors: Sherman Mara H. , Beatty Gregory L.
Published: September 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a prominent stromal microenvironment with remarkable cellular and spatial heterogeneity that meaningfully impacts disease biology and treatment resistance. Recent advances in tissue imaging capabilities, single-cell analytics, and disease modeling have shed light on organizing principles that shape the stromal complexity of PDAC tumors. These insights into the functional and spatial dependencies that coordinate cancer cell biology and the relationships that exist between cells and extracellular matrix components present in tumors are expected to unveil therapeutic vulnerabilities. We review recent advances in the field and discuss current understandings of mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment shapes PDAC pathogenesis and therapy resistance.
Addressing the Surface Concentration Discontinuity of the Core-Shell Model for Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries
Authors: Pozzato Gabriele , Takahashi Aki , Li Xueyan , Lee Donghoon , Ko Johan , Onori Simona
Published: September 2022

This communication addresses the limitation of core-shell enhanced single particle model for lithium iron-phosphate recently published by the authors. In this model, the positive particle surface concentration has a jump discontinuity that forms at the transition from the one-phase to the two-phase region, which is responsible for the positive particle overpotential and open circuit potential jumps seen in the cell output voltage. Such a discontinuity is eliminated by proposing a modification of the core-shell enhanced single particle model based on the bulk-normalized lithium concentration. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the new solution against the previously published one.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Corrosion Behaviors of Gold-Coated Titanium as Cathode Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Feng Sheng , Chen Qi , Han Xiaotao
Published: September 2022

Effects of the self-induced magnetic fields generated by the operating current of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) on metal bipolar plates (BPPs) have hardly been noticed while cannot be ignored. Therefore, corrosion behaviors and surface conductivity of gold-coated titanium (Ti/Au) and bare titanium in simulated PEMFC cathode environment under magnetic fields were evaluated by electrochemical tests and interfacial contact resistance measurements. The results indicated a considerable decrease in corrosion current and interfacial contact resistance of as-received Ti/Au, reaching 1/16 and 1/10 of those of bare titanium, respectively. The applied magnetic field also led to a sharp decline in corrosion current of bare titanium but slight increase for Ti/Au. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results suggested that magnetic field significantly facilitated the corrosion durability of titanium and ameliorating the induced pitting due to coating defects on Ti/Au. Compared to results obtained without MF, interfacial contact resistance of titanium after 24 h potentiostatic polarization under MF further increased by 24%, while a decrease by 8% was recorded for Ti/Au. In sum, effects of self-induced magnetic fields on the corrosion of metal BPPs is significant and these results revised for taking magnetic fields effects in account could be more accurate and realistic.
Review—Structural Design and Dynamic Evolution of Intermetallic Compound Nanocatalysts Revealed by Environmental TEM
Authors: Wang Kun , Yu Boyuan , Yang Feng
Published: September 2022

Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and chemical industries. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. Intermetallic compounds have drawn increasing interests in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique geometrical and electronic structure, which enable the high selectivity and stability in catalytic reaction. Compared with monometallic and random alloyed catalysts, the precise structural control during the synthesis of intermetallic nanocrystals is no doubt one of the most important issues in catalysis but is still a challenge. Here, we summarized recent progresses in designing intermetallic nanocrystals with well-defined structures and categorized them into different entries, clarifying the most adopted strategies. Then, we discussed various structural evolutions of intermetallic compounds that occurred in the reaction conditions, which are of great significance for deep understanding of the active sites and structure-activity relationship of intermetallic nanocatalysts. In the end, we pointed out the challenges of existing progress and proposed prospects for future direction.
Female and male C57BL/6J offspring exposed to maternal obesogenic diet develop altered hypothalamic energy metabolism in adulthood
Authors: Kulhanek Debra , Abrahante Llorens Juan E. , Buckley Lauren , Tkac Ivan , Rao Raghavendra , Paulsen Megan E.
Published: September 2022

Offspring exposed to maternal diet-induced obesity demonstrate a phenotype consistent with energy excess. Contrary to previous studies, the observed energy phenotype was not associated with hyperphagia or decreased basal metabolic rate but rather decreased hypothalamic neuronal activity and energy production. This was supported by neurochemical changes in the hypothalamus as well as inhibition of hypothalamic oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These results highlight the potential for neuroprotective interventions in the prevention of obesity with fetal origins.
Supraspinal facilitation to repetitive painful stimulation: a laser-evoked potential study
Authors: Archibald Jessica , Ortiz Oscar , Enzler Alinda , Rosner Jan , Kramer John L. K.
Published: September 2022

We provide evidence for supraspinal faciliation measured via laser-evoked potentails in response to a shortened and methodologically improved repetitive painful stimulation paradigm, serving the broader scientific community, insofar as providing a paradigm can feasibly be completed in a caldendar week. These findings provide new evidence using laser-evoked potentials indicating increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex during prolonged pain processing.
ϕ
-
δ
-Primary Hyperideals in Krasner Hyperrings
Authors: Guan Hao , Kaya Elif , Bolat Melis , Onar Serkan , Ali Ersoy Bayram , Hila Kostaq
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study commutative Krasner hyperrings with nonzero identity.

ϕ

-prime,

ϕ

-primary and

ϕ

-

δ

-primary hyperideals are introduced. The concept of

δ

-primary hyperideals is extended to

ϕ

-

δ

-primary hyperideals. Some characterizations of hyperideals are provided to classify them. The relation between

ϕ

-

δ

-primary hyperideals and other hyperideals is discussed.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase and the Neuroprotective Function of Conjugated ZnO‐Osthol Nanoparticles in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Alharthi Nahed S. , Aldakheel Fahad M. , Binshaya Abdulkarim S.
Published: September 2022

A critical factor in the cause and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the growth of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain. The mechanism of this effect is still unknown, although the effect of osthol on Aβ‐induced inflammation is neuroprotective in AD and supplementation with zinc might prevent or delay the onset of dementia. In the current study, by inducing APP vector in human BE (2)‐M17 cells, we established a cellular model of AD and investigated the protective effect of osthol (7‐methoxy‐8‐3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one)‐zinc oxide nanoparticles. The osthol‐conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles could significantly increase cell viability by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Osthol treatment has also prevented synaptic proteins such as postsynaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95), synaptophysin (SYP), and synapsin‐1 from decreasing in APP‐induced BE (2)‐M17 cells. In addition, the expression of miR‐132 was significantly upregulated by osthol by triggering the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. We conclude from our observations that osthol is a potential drug for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s. The key reason was that by upregulating miR‐132, osthol could inhibit APP expression to prevent AD from occurring.
Acupuncture Enhances Gastrointestinal Motility and Improves Autonomic Nervous Function in Patients with Septic Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
Authors: Ban Lihong , Pu Yongpeng , Huang Huanyuan , You Bin , Chen Wei , Wang Yanzhen
Published: September 2022

Gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) is a common complication after endotoxemia, which can further aggravate the progress of infection. Acupuncture uses metal needles of different shapes and techniques to stimulate specific points on the human body, which are effective in treating various diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases. We aimed at exploring the clinical effect of acupuncture on the recovery of visceral sensation, proximal gastric compliance, and autonomic nervous function in patients with septic GD. A total of 73 sepsis with GD patients were selected using modified single section ultrasonography combined with clinical symptoms in the First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou City during 2019. The participants were randomly allocated to routine-treatment (control group) and study group receiving acupuncture. The indexes before and after treatment included gastric residue, gastric dilatation, pressure and volume, gastric compliance, autonomic nerve function, APACHE II score, and infection index were measured and compared. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the basic information of the two groups, including gastric volume and pressure, gastric residue, gastric compliance, autonomic nerve function, and APACHE II score. After treatment, the maximum gastric volume and pressure, gastric residue, and APACHE II score of the two groups were significantly improved (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the maximum gastric volume and pressure of the study group were significantly higher, while gastric residual, autonomic nerve function, and APACHE II were significantly lower than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). However, our results showed that acupuncture did not further reduce inflammatory markers, including white blood cells, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin. To sum up, on the basis of basic treatment, the application of acupuncture can further improve the clinical symptoms of GD in patients with sepsis, enhance gastrointestinal motility, and improve autonomic nervous function, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
Task Grid-Based Urban Environmental Information Release Mechanism for Mobile Crowd Sensing
Authors: Chen Zhenwei , Lu Yang , Li Zusong , Zhou Xiancun
Published: September 2022

With the increased awareness of environmental protection, people have higher requirements for the accuracy of environmental information of surrounding life. The current monitoring of urban environmental information mainly comes from local environmental weather stations. Although the monitoring equipment of environmental weather stations is better than personal monitoring equipment, the monitoring equipment of weather monitoring stations is too expensive and only suitable for large-scale coarse-grained monitoring. Because the environmental information of a city is affected by factors such as landforms, buildings, rivers, factories, population density, and traffic flow, there are great differences in the environmental information of different areas in a city. Therefore, this study proposes a method that can be used for small-scale and fine-grained environmental information monitoring: the task grid-based urban environmental information release mechanism for mobile crowd sensing (MCS). Through this mechanism, the monitoring area is divided into different task grids according to the characteristics of the area, and the environmental information is sensed by mobile crowd sensing. For the sensing data, through an efficient data fusion algorithm designed in this study, the sensing information is fused to obtain the fine-grained environmental information of different task grids in the area. Through the use of this mechanism, differentiated environmental information can be provided to users in different areas of the city. In a simulation, this mechanism showed higher information accuracy than traditional information release methods. Thus, the mechanism is scientific and has good application value.