bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legalitas Transaksi Jual Beli Sepeda Motor Tanpa Bukti Kepemilikan dalam Perspektif Sadd Al-Żarī‘Ah
Authors: Eriyanti Nahara , Sarami Ayu
Published: October 2020

This study is aimed to find out how the legal status of buying and selling motorbikes without vehicle registration STNK and BPKB, where many of the people of the District of Kebharga, especially Kala Lengkio Village and Mendale Village, conduct transactions of buying and selling motorbikes without STNK and BPKB. In general, buying and selling carried out by the public has fulfilled the legal requirements of buying and selling in Islam, which does not explain in detail that buying and selling motorbikes without the STNK of BPKB is a sale and purchase which is canceled. Unlike the case with the police which states that buying and selling motorbikes without a STNK and BPKB is a canceled sale. Based on the description above that is the focus of research on the formulation of the problem namely: how to buy and sell motorbikes without proof of ownership in the community of the District of Kebayakan and how is its legality from the perspective of sadd al-‘arī‘ah ?. In this study the author uses the case study research method then analyzed using the theory of sadd al-‘arī‘ah, then in the technique of collecting data the author uses interviews / interviews. The results of the study that the authors get about buying and selling motorbike transactions without proof of ownership and analyzed using the theory of sadd al-īarī'ah that looks at the benefits and mafsadat arising, then the motorcycle sale and purchase transactions without proof of ownership there is a level of understanding that is superior to with benefit, the sale and purchase of the people of the district is a sale that must be prevented and must also be avoided by the community because the sale can cause a lot of damage even though the sale of a motorcycle is a sale that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the legal sale.
Aprotinin ‐ a new multi-target drug candidate or "magic shotgun" for the therapy of COVID‐19
Authors: Ivashchenko Andrey , Svistunov Andrey , Khorobryh Tatiana , Loginov Vladimir , Karapetian Ruben , Mishchenko Natalia , Poyarkov Stanislav , Topr Michael , Volgin Maksim , Yakubova Elena , Ivachtchenko Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Aprotinin showed high efficacy and safety in a prospective study of combination therapy for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Covid-19 Outbreak and New Normal Teaching in Higher Education: Empirical Resolve from Islamic Universities in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi Ani
Published: October 2020

Mid of March 2020, the coronavirus 19 pandemic outbreaks caused many offices, markets, schools, and universities closed to maintain its dead spreading. It makes all the offline activities should be changed into online interaction including at higher education. Lawrence & Tar (2018) reflected a study about factors that influence teachers’ adoption and integration of ICT in teaching/learning process. This study is about the activity of new normal in conducting online education relating to the use of six strategies applied which are applied by teachers in the Islamic University of Antasari Banjarmasin Indonesia. Within the new normal period, this study reveals the six strategies on conducting online education namely; a) the strategy of contextualization, b) the strategy of proper delivery, c) the strategy of high adaptation on using technology, d) the strategy of adequate support, e) the strategy of quality participation, f) the strategy of sustainable processes.
TEACHER’S STRATEGIES TO CREATE A CONDUCIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN THE RON CLARK STORY MOVIE
Authors: Yusuf Adi , Pattisahusiwa Ernawati
Published: October 2020

In learning process, a good teacher indeed needs a strategy to create a conducive learning environment in order that it runs smoothly. The Ron Clark Story Movie depicts how a teacher uses various strategies to create a conducive classroom environment so that the learning process can run well. The purposes of this research are to identify what strategies used by the teacher, Mr. Clark, to create a conducive learning environment in The Ron Clark Story Movie and to describe how the strategies  are implemented by the teacher to create a condusive learning environment in the Movie. This study was designed qualitatively. The data of this study were scenes on the teacher’s strategies to create a conducive learning environment  in the movie. The source of data in this study was a movie entitled The Ron Clark Story.It was found that Mr. Clark used 5 types of teacher’s strategies to create a conducive classroom environment: physical design of the classroom, rules and routines, relationship, engaging and motivation, and discipline. Each of the strategies has several classifications. By applying these strategies, the students of Mr. Clark finally succeeded in passing the exam with satisfactory grades.
THE LINGUISTIC CONSTRUCTION OF ASSOCIATIVE PERSONAL LABELIZATION OF FACEBOOKERS’ NICKS
Authors: Azhar Iqbal Nurul , Hikmah Darul
Published: October 2020

This study investigates nicks (nicknames) of Facebook users (Facebookers). It specifically reveals the process of how Facebookers associate themselves with their nicknames and with all things around them. This study also finds out the factors that contribute to the choice of Facebookers to use their nicknames. This study uses sociolinguistic to approach the data. The data were obtained by using content analysis method. The data analysis method used to analyze the data was the Correlation Method with referents as the determining elements. The result of the study shows that there are personal identities associated to the nicknames used by Facebook users. It also shows that the uses of the nicknames by the Facebook users are influenced by their personal fancies (personal labelization). Besides, there are fifteen factors contributing to the choices of nicks (nicknames) by Facebook users, five major reasons that caused the informants to create the unique nicks and three issues which can be summarized related to personal autolabelization phenomena.
THE EFFECT OF AUTHENTIC READING MATERIAL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Rama Asri Nofa
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to find out the extent to which authentic material enhance students’ reading comprehension. This study used quasi-experimental design that consists of experimental class and control class. In experimental class referred to the class that is given authentic material. While the control class referred to the class that is given the usual set of conditions or textbook. The study was carried out at Lakidende University of Unaaha and Sembilan belas November University with 60 undergraduates as the sample. Data were collected by using reading test. Moreover, the data were analyzed quantitatively and interpreted by using the software program of SPSS 24.0. This study found that Authentic reading material give a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension from pre-test to post-test revealed the significant difference (0.001 0.05) before and after the implementation of Authentic reading material.
Matrix Acidizing: A Laboratory and Field Investigation of Sludge Formation and Removal of Oil-Based Drilling Mud Filter Cake
Authors: Almubarak Tariq , AlKhaldi Mohammed , Ng Jun Hong , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: October 2020

Hydrochloric and organic acids have been extensively used to enhance well productivity or injectivity in tight carbonate formations (10 to 50 md). The use of these acids, however, can cause instances of complete production loss. This is especially common due to incompatibilities of the acidizing fluid and oil, which can lead to the formation of acid/oil emulsions and sludge formation. Consequently, it is necessary to properly identify and remove such emulsions or precipitations without causing any further damage.

Compatibility studies were conducted using representative crude samples and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The experiments were conducted at various temperatures up to 240°F using high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) aging cells for both live and spent acid samples, in which some of the experiments included an antisludge, an iron-control agent, and a demulsifier. In addition, another set of experiments was performed in the presence of ferric ions (Fe3+). The total iron concentration in these experiments was varied between 0 and1,000 ppm. The results showed that commonly used acid systems were not compatible with representative oil field samples. The amount of sludge formed and the stability of formed emulsions increased significantly in the presence of ferric ions and was more severe in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Using a field case, this paper will cover the methodology used to ascertain the source of formation damage from acidizing, study the different factors that influence the formation of acid/oil emulsion and sludge formation mechanism, and show how they can be removed. In this example, acid/oil emulsions, sludge formation, and improper drilling mud filter-cake removal were the reasons behind the production loss. However, the methodology can be expanded to cater the many acidizing failure cases faced in the industry worldwide.
A Milroy Disease Family Caused by FLT4 Gene Mutation of c.2774 T>A with Phenotypes Heterogeneity
Authors: Sui Yu , Lu Yongping , Lin Meina , Ni Xiang , Chen Xinren , Li Huan , Jiang Miao
Published: October 2020

Background: Milroy disease is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder. Mutations of FLT4 (Fms Related Tyrosine Kinase 4) gene impaired tyrosine kinase signaling, and further cause symptoms of Milroy disease. In this research, we found a large Chinese MD family with phenotype heterogeneities. And we conducted Next Generation Sequencing analysis to explore possible genetic causative factors might be related to clinical heterogeneities among family members.Methods: Sanger sequencing was conducted on the 17-26 exons of FLT4 (NM_182925.4) gene. Primers were as follows: Froward: 5' CTTCATCAGCGTCGAGTGG 3'; Reverse: 5' ATTATGGGCGGGTTCCTT 3'; Next-generation sequencing was conducted to explore pathogenic mutation might lead to phenotype heterogeneities. Then we conducted Sanger sequencing of the possible related genes. The GIMAP7 gene amplification primers as follows: Forward primer: 5’ ACCACCTGCAAGGAAATCAGCCGCT3’; Reverse primer: 5’GTTAGAGAAATACCTCCTTCCCCTT3’. The amplification system for two genes are as follows: 2×Biotech Power PCR Mix: 10µl; forward primer: 0.8µl (10µM); reverse primer: 0.8µl (10µM); DNA template: 1µl (50ng/µl); ddH20: 13.4µl. The effects of the mutations on the gene functions were evaluated with mutation taster and/or SIFT, PolyPhen.Results: A heterozygous substitution mutation was detected in all patients (FLT4 gene: c.2774 T>A, p.V925E). Meanwhile, a G deletion (c.826delG, p.Val276Phefs*29) of GIMAP7 gene was detected in all patients but two patients with phenotype heterogeneities (I1, and II1). Both the two mutations were predicted to be pathogenic.Conclusions: In this report, we described a large Milroy disease family caused by a missense mutation of the FLT4 gene (c.2774 T>A, p.V925E). Meanwhile, a frame-shift mutation (c.826delG, p.Val276Phefs*29) of GIMAP7 gene might be related to the clinical phenotype heterogeneities of the family.
Intraoperative Neurovascular Bundle Preservation With Hyaluronic Acid During Radical Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Technique
Authors: Prada Pedro J. , Cardenal J. , Blanco A. García , Ferri M. , Arrojo E. , Anchuelo J. , Cerio I. Diaz de , Sierrasesumaga N. , Lastra P. , Fernández A. , Vázquez A. , Arrebola S. Ruiz
Published: October 2020

Background: To evaluate the reduction, the absorbed dose delivered to the neurovascular bundle (NB) in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with only HDR brachytherapy and neurovascular bundle protection with Hyaluronic acid (HA) on the side of the prostate to increase the distance from NB to the radioactive sources.Material and Methods: This is the first published report in the medical literature that study a new approach to decrease neurovascular bundle toxicity and improve quality of life for patients with prostate cancer treated with radical brachytherapy as monotherapy. Transperineal HA injection on the side of the prostate into the lateral aspect of the prostate fat was used to consistently displace several autonomic fibres and vessels the lateral wall of the prostate away from radiation sources.Results: When a protection in the form of a HA layer is placed, the reduction effect at the maximum dose is between 46% and 54% (calculated values), which means the method for protection is highly recommended. The values of the absorbed dose calculated in this project have been compared with the ones given by the treatment planning system. These calculated values are similar than the ones given by the treatment planning system (56±2).Conclusions: This newly created space decreases absorbed dose in the neurovascular bundle, calculated with the TPS and measuremed by microMOSFET due to the thickness of HA.
Facing the Unknown: Healthcare Workers’ Concerns, Attitudes and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dopelt Keren , Bashkin Osnat , Davidovitch Nadav , Asna Noam
Published: October 2020

Background: Medical staff, who care for patients at their own risk, are on the frontlines of the fight against COVID-19. The aim of this study is to describe the feelings and experiences of medical staff working in hospitals during the coronavirus crisis.Methods: Data were collected as part of a mixed-methods study that included an online survey completed by 263 hospital staff members, as well as 10 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with doctors, nurses and medical technicians working on coronavirus wards.Results: The survey findings revealed that respondents expressed extremely high rates of concern for family members and at a national level, but that they were less apprehensive about their own health and safety. At the same time, burnout was lower than the rates of concern. Nurses displayed more apprehension and burnout compared to medical staff in other professional roles. The in-depth interviews reinforced and supplemented the survey findings and deepened our understanding of the feelings of medical staff directly involved in coronavirus patient care.Conclusions: The study’s findings revealed the main concerns of hospital staff during the coronavirus crisis and deepened our understanding of the issues that require systemic attention in order to strengthen the mental resilience of hospital staff, in particular those working on coronavirus wards. The steps required to continue coping with and fighting the virus include the development of a mental and emotional support network for medical staff, to safeguard them and their health as they care for patients, and to provide ongoing psychosocial support.
Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes Among Ixekizumab -Treated Psoriasis Patients in a Real-World Setting: Results from a Single US Dermatology Referral Practice
Authors: Leonardi Craig , Tao Rei , Setayeshgar Solmaz , Wang Sisi , McMullen Suzanne , Burge Russel , Zhu Baojin , Malatestinic William N
Published: October 2020

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that has a significant negative impact on the physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being of those affected. Ixekizumab (IXE) has demonstrated an early and high-level treatment response in the real-world setting. This study aimed to assess the rapidity and long-term disease severity and quality of life (QOL) outcomes among IXE-treated plaque psoriasis patients. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single US dermatology referral center. Medical charts were reviewed for adult psoriasis patients starting IXE (index date) between March 22, 2016, and February 28, 2018. Disease severity and QOL data were abstracted up to one-year pre-IXE initiation and up to 35 months post-IXE initiation. Static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA), Body Surface Area (BSA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were summarized at 1-month post-index and at 3-month intervals. Logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the 1-month response in relation to long-term sPGA, BSA, DLQI outcomes. Subgroup analysis were conducted to compare outcomes among biologic naïve and biologic experienced patients.Results: A total of 153 patients (median age at index: 47.7 years; 65.4% male; 93.5% Caucasian) were included in the study. Majority of patients (69%; n=106) were biologic experienced prior to IXE initiation. In the total study cohort, at 1-month post-index 58.8% of patients achieved sPGA (0,1), 55.9% achieved DLQI (0,1), and 66.9% achieved BSA≤1%. Patients with sPGA (0,1) at 1-month post-index had greater odds of remaining sPGA (0,1) and BSA≤1% at 24-month (sPGA 0,1: OR=10.1; 95% CI: 2.1-47.9; BSA≤1%: OR=13.3; 95% CI: 2.2-80.2). Among patients who achieved sPGA (0,1) at 1-month post-index, the proportion of patients with sPGA (0,1), DLQI (0,1), and BSA≤1% remained largely the same for the 24-month follow-up. Among biologic experienced and naïve patients, more than half achieved sPGA (0,1), DLQI (0,1), and BSA≤1% at 1-month after IXE initiation. Conclusion: This real-word study demonstrated that majority of patients initiating IXE achieved sPGA (0, 1), DLQI (0, 1) and BSA ≤1% targets within the first month of treatment and were able to maintain treatment response for up to 24 months independent of prior biologic exposure.
Spatiotemporal Variation and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Socio-Economic Development Unbalanced Region
Authors: wang li , Xu Chengdong , Hu Maogui , Qiao Jiajun , Chen Wei , Li Tao , Qian Songbo , Yan Mingtao
Published: October 2020

Background: Previous studies had indicated that the incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) was closed related to the regional aging population and socio-economic condition. However, spatio-temporal variation and risk determinants of TB in aging population and socio-economic development unbalanced region have been unclear.Methods: The data on TB registered cases and social-economic factors from 2009 to 2014 were collected for each district/county in the region with Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province of China, which is consist of aging population and social-economic development disparity region. The Bayesian space–time hierarchy model was used to reveal the spatio-temporal variation of elderly TB incidence from 2009 to 2014, and GeoDetector was applied to measure the determinant power (q statistic) of elderly TB risk factors.Results: Elderly TB incidence present geographical spatial heterogeneity, they were higher in underdeveloped rural areas compared with that in urban areas. The hotspots of elderly TB incidence risk were mostly located in the northeastern and southern regions of the study region distant from metropolitan areas. Areas with low risk were mainly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan areas. Social-economic factors presented nonlinear influence on elderly TB incidence, the dominant factors were income of rural populations (q statistic = 0.20) and medical conditions (q statistic = 0.17). These factors presented nonlinearly interact with each other in influencing the elderly TB incidence; medical conditions and level of economic development showed the strongest relationship (q statistic = 0.54).Conclusions: These findings explain spatiotemporal variation and risk determinants of elderly TB incidence where there are social-economic development disparities. High-risk zones were mainly located in rural areas far from metropolitan centers. Medical conditions and economic development level were significantly association with elderly TB incidence, and they showed nonlinearly interact with each other in influencing the elderly TB incidence. Knowing this helps to optimize the allocation of health resources and to control the transmission of the TB epidemic in the aging population in this region.
Influence of GSTT1 and GSTP1 Polymorphisms on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk in The Chinese Population: A Case Control Study
Authors: Geng Xinqian , Zha Ling , Zhou Taicheng , Xiong Yuxin , Xu Fan , Xu Bo , Wang Feiying , Wang Xiaoling , Yang Ke , Tao Wenyu , Li Yiping , Yang Ying
Published: October 2020

Background: Studies have revealed the association of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1) deletion (null) polymorphism with the risks of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between GSTT1/ GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and the risks of T2DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Chinese population.Methods: A total of 336 subjects with T2DM and a defined ophthalmologic status were recruited from the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province between June 2014 and October 2016. Seventy-two age-matched healthy controls were also enrolled. Physical examinations and laboratory tests were performed. The frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes in all participants were determined by PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP), respectively.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the GSTT1-null genotype was significantly more common in diabetic patients with or without DR (all P < 0.05). However, the frequency of the GSTP1 genotype (AA, GA, GG) was comparable between the two groups. Furthermore, neither the GSTP1 nor GSTT1 genetic polymorphism was associated with the development of DR. In the present study, the risk of developing T2DM was significantly higher in subjects carrying the combined heterozygous GSTP1 (AG) and null GSTT1 genotypes (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.21-0.74, P=0.02).Conclusions: The deletion of the GSTT1 genotype was associated with a higher risk of developing T2DM, whether alone or in combination with GSTP1, indicating that the null genotype of GSTT1 may serve as a potential biomarker for T2DM in the Chinese population, which is helpful for clinicians to make more effective risk-based decisions.
Cell-type composition analysis of scRNA-seq data with deep convolution neural network
Authors: Ma He , Fang Zhihao , Liu Zongbin , Chen Yan
Published: October 2020

BackgroundWith the rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), more large-scale single-cell sequencing data has been generated. Due to the continuous increase of single-cell sequencing data, the analysis of cell-type composition from single-cell transcriptomics has also to face huge challenges. Since the emergence of scRNA-seq technology, the size of sequencing datasets has grown more than 1 million times in just over a decade. Meanwhile, as more gene markers are discovered, the data dimension of single-cell sequencing becomes higher. All of these put forward more stringent requirements on data dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms. Under the constraints of practical factors such as occurrence of noise and dropouts and the limitation of overhead, it is also required an effective and effcient method that can obtain accurate analysis results in a very short time, and has a competitive algorithm stability.ResultsWe present scCAE, an effective and effcient method based on convolution autoencoder that can accurately and rapidly analyze cell-type composition from single-cell transcriptomics datasets. Our method achieved the best results in the data sets that simulate the cell differentiation process among existing methods, which achieved the ARI of 69.64% and 68.83% at 10 and 25 clusters tasks. And, in the case of different dropouts, our method also works well. When the sparsity level of data metric is 71%, scCAE can achieved the ARI of 45.29%, which is the highest of the existing methods. In terms of algorithm overhead, our method has also achieved good results by comparing with several existing methods. It takes less time than most methods and takes up much less memory than other algorithms based neural networks.ConclusionsOur method, scCAE, has more accurate and reasonable results in the analysis of cell-types composition. And, because of the design of imputer, it can deal with a large number of dropouts in the data matrix. Because of the structure of convolution network, scCAE has less time and space overhead than other deep-learning-based methods. Thus, we demonstrate that scCAE is a competitive method for analysis of cell-type composition from scRNA-seq data. We expect that our study can be a stepping stone for further prosperity of single-cell transcriptomics analysis.
Impact of High Body Mass Index on The Allograft Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Pre-Sensitization to Human Leukocyte Antigen: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Park Yohan , Lee Hanbi , Ko Eun Jeong , Lee Sua , Ban Tae Hyun , Min Ji-Won , Yoon Hye-Eun , Oh Eun-Jee , Yang Chul Woo , Chung Byung Ha
Published: October 2020

Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether high body mass index (BMI) and pre-sensitization to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) had a synergistic impact on the allograft outcomes.Methods From January 2010 to December 2018, 1,290 KTs were performed in Seoul St Mary's Hospital. Of these, 682 cases of ABO compatible KT were enrolled. They were divided into 4 groups (low BMI-non-sensitized, high BMI-non-sensitized, low BMI sensitized, high BMI-sensitized) according to the median BMI value (22.7 kg/m2) and HLA pre-sensitization status (HLA-DSA MFI >3,000). Short-term and long-term allograft outcomes were compared between the groups.Results The rate of late antibody mediated rejection tended to be the highest in the high BMI-sensitized group, and the decline in allograft function in the high BMI-sensitized group was higher than in the other 3 groups. Death-censored graft loss (DCGL) rates and the hazard ratio (HR) for DCGL were the highest in the high BMI-sensitized group (4/21 (19.0%), HR 4.648, P = 0.022) and a significant interaction was detected between high BMI and HLA pre-sensitization status (P value for interaction = 0.008). Conclusions Our results suggest that pre-sensitization to HLA and high BMI in KTRs might have a synergistic adverse impact on the allograft outcomes.
Reliability and Validity of a Free Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adherence Questionnaire Among Patients with Sexually Transmitted Infection and Without HIV Infection in Shanghai
Authors: Yu Xiaoyue , Xu Chen , Ni Yang , Chang Ruijie , Wang Huwen , Gong Ruijie , Wang Ying , Wang Suping , Cai Yong
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the free oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence questionnaire among patients with sexually transmitted infection who do not have HIV infection in Shanghai. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 816 patients from sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Shanghai. The questionnaire included self-reported demographic characteristics, items on adherence to free oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and PrEP uptake behavior measurement. Item analysis was carried out by calculating the critical ratio and item-total correlations. Internal consistency and split-half reliability were measured to assess reliability. Content validity, construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were measured to assess validity. We conducted logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the predictive value of the adherence questionnaire for PrEP uptake behavior. Results: All items were considered acceptable in the item analysis (P<0.05). The questionnaire had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.757 and split-half reliability of 0.633. The scale-level content validity index (CVI) was 0.938 and the item-level CVI of each item ranged from 0.750 to 1. In exploratory factor analysis, we introduced a four-factor model accounting for 79.838% of the aggregate variance with all factors loading more than 0.4, which was validated in confirmatory factor analysis (c2=47.1, degrees of freedom=14, root mean square error of approximation=0.078). According to regression analysis, adding PrEP adherence questionnaire scores contributed to prediction of PrEP uptake behavior (P<0.001). The maximum area under the ROC curve was 0.778 (95% confidence interval: 0.739–0.817), corresponding to a cutoff score of 9.Conclusion: The PrEP adherence questionnaire generally has acceptable reliability and validity. This questionnaire can be used as a tool to evaluate PrEP adherence in patients with STI who do not have HIV infection.
What Do Risks Exist After Minimally Invasive Surgery in Patients With Stage IA1-IIA1 Cervical Cancer
Authors: Gan Yi-xiu , Du Qing-hua , Li Jian , Wei Ye-ping , Jiang Xu-wei , Xu Xue-mei , Yue Hai-ying , Li Xiang-de , Zhu Hui-jun , Ou Xue , Zhong Qiu-lu , Luo Dan-jing , Liang Qian-fu , Xie Yi-ting , Zhang Qiang-qiang , Li Ge-li , Shang Yuan-ting , Liu Wen-qi
Published: October 2020

Objective: To investigate the risks of patients with stage IA1-IIA1 cervical cancer after laparoscopic hysterectomy, and whether adjuvant radiotherapy is necessary.Patients and Methods: From January 2013 to December 2016, we retrospectively analyzed 221 patients with cervical cancer of stage IA1-IIA1. Sixty-two patients were treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy (group A), 115 patients only underwent open surgery (group B) and 44 patients received laparoscopic hysterectomy alone (group C). Local recurrence-free survival（LRFS) was the primary outcome, distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were secondary outcomes in the study.Results: The median follow-up time was 58.33 months (range, 56.91-59.76 months) for all the patients. Three groups were balanced in terms of baseline characteristics. The 3-year LRFS rates were 98.4% in group A, 97.4% in group B, and 86.4% in group C, respectively. The LRFS rates of group A and B surpassed group C ( group A vs. B, p=0.634; group A vs. C, p=0.011; group B vs. C, p=0.006). In subgroup analysis of stage IB1-IB3 disease, the 3-year LRFS was 100% in group A , 98.8 % in group B and 83.1% in group C, the 3-year OS rates were 100% in group A, 98.9% in group B, 91.5% in group C. The 3-year LRFS and OS rates on group A and B were significantly superior to group C ( p<0.05 ). No benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy were observed in patients with stage IA and IIA1 cervical cancer.Conclusions: There is a risk of local failure in laparoscopic hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer. Adjuvant radiotherapy can reduce the risk of recurrence and improve local control for women with early cervical cancer and bring survival benefits for patients with stage IB disease after minimally invasive hysterectomy.
Satisfaction Assessment Tool for Obstetrics Triage(SATOT): Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Fakari Farzaneh Rashidi , Simbar Masoumeh
Published: October 2020

Background: Obstetrics triage is one of the major concerns of hospitals and health care providers. Satisfaction with the services received is a consequence and an important indicator in the assessment of service quality. However, service providers should frequently assess client satisfaction and use high reliability and validation tools to meet clients' needs. Thus, the aim of this study was designing and psychometric Satisfaction Assessment Tool for Obstetrics Triage.Methods: The current study is methodological research and was conducted by the exploratory sequential mixed method in two qualitative and qualitative stages. The first stage using a content analysis approach for describing the concept of satisfaction and then the initial items were extracted and the questionnaire was designed. In the second stage, the designed questionnaire was conducted on 200 subjects referring to obstetrics triage in terms of face validity, content validity, and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and stability with ICC. Results: Ten items were extracted from the content analysis. Ten items were evaluated to face and content validity and no items were deleted. In the construct validity, one item was eliminated and nine items were extracted in two factors of structure and process satisfaction that explained 63.40% of the total variance. The numerical CVR of all items was above 0.49 and the I-CVI Modified Content Validity Index (K *) of all items ranged from 0.86 to one, and the S-CVI score was 0.97. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.884 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.793. Conclusion: The SATOT is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of the satisfaction of clients with obstetrics triage. The questionnaire consists of nine items with two dimensions (process and structure satisfaction) of five-point Likert scoring is a simple and easy-to-use tool. This questionnaire may help health providers and policymakers identify problems and challenges in triage that led to dissatisfaction and inappropriate outcomes and take appropriate action as appropriate.
An Increasing Population of Patients With Oropharyngeal Carcinoma in China is Predicted to Benefit From Proton Beam Therapy in Terms of Cost-effectiveness Consideration 
Authors: Li Guo , Xia Yun-Fei , Huang Yi-Xiang , Okat Deniz , Qiu Bo , Doyen Jerome , Bondiau Pierre-Yves , Benezery Karen , Gao Jin , Qian Chao-Nan
Published: October 2020

Background: Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a new-emerging cancer treatment in China. The treatment costs are high and not yet covered by Chinese public medical insurance. The advanced form of PBT, intensity-modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT), has been confirmed to reduce normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) compared with conventional intensity-modulated photon-radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of IMPT versus IMRT for OPC patients in China, aiming at guiding proper use of PBT. Methods: On the basis of published data, a 7-state Markov model was designed for cost-effectiveness analysis, and an evaluation of average level was performed on a base case of 56-year-old under the hypothesis that IMPT could make a 25% NTCP-reduction concerning to long-term symptomatic dysphagia and xerostomia. Model robustness was examined using probabilistic sensitivity analysis, cohort analysis and tornado diagram. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed to identify cost-effective scenarios. IMPT was considered as cost-effective if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was below the societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold (3 times the gross domestic product per capita / quality-adjusted life year (QALY)).Results: Compared with IMRT, IMPT could provide an extra 0.724 QALYs at an additional cost of 34,926.6 US dollars ($), and made an ICER of $48,229.8/ QALY for the base case. At current WTP level of China ($30,828/QALY), cost-effective scenarios of IMPT existed in the following independent conditions: ≥ 57.3% NTCP-reduction (IMPT compared with IMRT) in dysphagia and xerostomia; patient age ≤ 38-year-old; or the cost of IMPT ≤ $37,398.1. The estimated cost-effective population that benefit from using PBT to treat OPC increased remarkably in the past 10 years with the economic growth, and reached to 559.7 million (about 40.0% of the China’s total population) in the year 2020. Conclusions: Currently, using PBT to treat OPC could be cost-effective in considerable proportion of China’s population. Considering the economic growth, the gradual increment of medical insurance coverage, as well as the proton treatment cost reduction along with more proton facility opening in the near future, it is estimated that PBT would benefit more Chinese OPC patients with respect to cost-effectiveness.
Diagnostic Value of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Therapeutic Value of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in Dogs With Suspected Hepatobiliary Disorders
Authors: Rahmani Vahideh , Spillmann Thomas , Halttunen Jorma , Syrjä Pernilla , Ruohoniemi Mirja
Published: October 2020

Background: Conventional diagnostic methods have some limitations in diagnosing specific causes of canine hepatobiliary disorders. In the evaluation of the hepatobiliary system in dogs, ultrasonography (US) is the first imaging method of choice. Nonetheless, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has also been proven to be a practicable technique for evaluating canine hepatobiliary (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, ERC) and pancreatic duct (endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, ERP) disorders, providing additional therapeutic options by sphincterotomy (EST). To date, the efficacy and safety of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP has not been evaluated in veterinary medicine literature. The present study sought to report complications and outcomes of dogs undergoing ERCP and EST, and to assess the usefulness of diagnostic ERCP by comparing the findings of US, ERCP and histopathological findings in liver and pancreas. Results: This retrospective case series comprises data collected from 15 dogs that underwent successful ERC/ERCP. Nine dogs underwent EST following ERC. US and ERC were most in agreement when assessing the common bile duct. In case of disagreement between the modalities, the ERC findings of the ductal structures were in line with the available pathology findings more often than the US findings, whereas the opposite was noted for the gallbladder. The technical success rates were 88.2% for ERC, 66.7% for ERP, and 81.8% for EST, with no major complications during or immediately after the procedure. Immediate bile flow after EST was recorded in 7/9 dogs but only four showed coinciding clinical and laboratory improvement and four dogs were euthanized within one to six days after EST. Conclusions: US remains a valuable initial diagnostic imaging method for hepatobiliary disorders and allows good assessment of the gallbladder. ERC can serve as a complementary procedure for diagnostic assessment of the hepatobiliary duct disorders. However, in order to improve the outcomes of EST, careful selection of patients for the procedure would require more advanced diagnostic imaging of the hepatobiliary area.
GIS − Based Logistic Regression Models for Landslide Hazard Mapping: A Case Study From Ensaro District, North Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Abdurohman , Karuturi Suryabhagavan Venkata , Raghuvanshi Tarun Kumar
Published: October 2020

The present study was undertaken to identify landslides hazard prone areas in North Ethiopia. The landslide hazard in the present study area was evaluated by using the logistic regression model. Seven landslide causative factors were used for the landslide hazard evaluation, these are; slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, proximity to streams, land-use/ land-cover, lithology and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Besides, for the present study landslides inventory data for the period of 2000 to 2018 was collected from the field survey and the Google earth image interpretation. The coefficient for the considered causative factors and classes were used for the identification of landslides hazard index using raster tool in ARCGIS environment. The prediction of the logistic regression model reveals that one third of the study area (32%) is under high hazard zone and the steep slopes and the elevated areas are most susceptible areas. The predicted landslides hazard zonation map is highly correlated with the training data set where 74% of it lies in the very high and high landslide hazard zones. Results of the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for the training sample, was found to be 0.76 while the area under the ROC curve of the validation sample was 0.71. Thus, the validation results has confirmed the rationality of adopted methodology, considered causative factors and their evaluation in producing LHZ map for the area. Further, the study has forwarded recommendations that can be followed to prevent and mitigate the adverse impact of landslides in the study area.
An Assessment of Climate Change Response Strategies In The Water Sector In Mutirikwi Sub-Catchment, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ziti Chenjerai
Published: October 2020

The water sector is at the center of climate change impacts matrix. The objective of this study was to determine the sustainability of the response strategies in the water sector in the Mutirikwi sub-catchment in Masvingo. The study obtained its data form surveys recorded meteorological data from the Zimbabwe Meteorological Services Department’s four weather stations in the catchment, namely, Makoholi, Masvingo Airport, Buffalo Range and Zaka. Time series analysis of temperature data from 1952 to 2002 and rainfall pattern from 1972 to 2010 was done using the XL STAT software. The results show that the seasonal average rainfall decrease from 1972 to 2010 was not statistically significant (p=0.635, α=0.05), but the decline bears a significant environmental impact. The seasonal maximum temperature increase was statistically significant (p=0.000, α=0.05), and the seasonal minimum temperature increase was not significant (p=0.226, α=0.05). Vulnerability varies spatially within urban areas and between urban and rural. Vulnerability is determined by social status and aggravated by management issues. Borehole use has increased and water harvesting, water reuse and water transfers are the main adaptive responses used in the catchment. The study concludes that current response strategies are not sustainable. There is a need to design area-specific response mechanisms that are all inclusive to ensure that communities are able to adapt to climate change with regard to water resources.
Impact of environmental temperature and relative humidity on spread of COVID-19 infection in India: A cross-sectional time-series analysis
Authors: Panigrahi Ansuman , Mohapatra Ipsa , Kanyari S. Suneeti , Maharana Sabita , Panigrahi Madhulita
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. This study sought to examine the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and relative humidity (ARH) with the percent increase in COVID-19 cases. Methods: Daily confirmed cases and meteorological factors in 38 districts of India were collected between 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. Taking a 5-day time lag of average values of the variables and multiple days-samples, we ran multiple models and performed appropriate hypothesis tests to decide the single preferred model for each sample data. Suitable fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) models with cluster-robust standard errors were applied to quantify the district-specific associations between meteorological variables and COVID-19 cases. Results: All FE models revealed that every one-degree rise in AT led to a decrease in 3.909 points (on average) in percent increase in COVID-19 cases. All RE models showed that with one unit increase in the malaria annual parasite index, there was a significant increase in 10.835 points (on average) in percent increase in COVID-19 cases. In both FE and RE models, ARH was found to be negatively associated with percent increase in COVID-19 cases, although in half of these models the association was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our results indicate that mean temperature, mean relative humidity, and malaria endemicity might have an essential role in the stability and transmissibility of the 2019 novel coronavirus.
Field Performance of Backcross (BC1) Blueberry Hybrids of Vaccinium padifolium (Section Hemimyrtillus) with V. corymbosum/V. angustifolium
Authors: Ehlenfeldt Mark K. , Kawash Joseph , Polashock James
Published: October 2020

There is ongoing interest in transferring new characteristics into commercial blueberry from other blueberry species. Vaccinium padifolium is a species distantly related to commercial blueberry that has traits of notable value to conventional blueberry development. Among these traits are upright structure, strong growth, abundant flowering and fruiting, superior self-fertility, fruit-cluster structure suited to mechanical harvesting, and repeat/continuous flowering. Previously produced F1 hybrids of V. padifolium × V. corymbosum were used in crosses with a variety of conventional blueberry selections to generate 13 backcross (BC1) families. The backcross families were evaluated under field conditions to determine their performance and to guide further use of this germplasm. The offspring varied considerably, but most families produced several individuals of acceptable commercial quality. The recovery of V. padifolium characteristics varied. Many plants bore evidence of V. padifolium plant structure, but none showed indications thus far of continuous or repeat flowering. The best selections from these families have been saved and will be intermated to generate the next cycle of this material. These clones will also be crossed to hybrid combinations of V. arctostaphylos and V. cylindraceum to further diversify and recombine this germplasm.
Variation of Endogenous Hormones during Flower and Leaf Buds Development in ‘Tianhong 2’ Apple
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Luo Tao , Zhang He , Shao Jianzhu , Peng Jianying , Sun Jianshe
Published: October 2020

Hormones have an important role in apple flower bud differentiation; therefore, it is necessary to systematically explore the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones during flower and leaf bud development to elucidate the potential hormone regulation mechanism. In this study, we first observed the buds of ‘Tianhong 2’ apple during their differentiation stage using an anatomical method and divided them into physiologically differentiated stages of spur terminal buds, flower buds, and leaf buds. Then, we determined the contents of zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and gibberellin (GA3) in these various types of buds using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the content of ZR and the ratio of ZR to IAA in spur terminal buds decreased significantly during physiological differentiation. The contents of ZR, IAA, and GA3 in leaf buds culminated at the initial differentiation stage. The content of ZR in flower buds was significantly higher than that in leaf buds after formation of the inflorescence primordium and sepal primordium. Before the appearance of stamen primordium, the content of GA3 in flower buds was remarkably lower than that in leaf buds. The ratios of ABA/IAA and ZR/IAA in flower buds were significantly higher than those in leaf buds before the appearance of flower organ primordium. Moreover, ABA content, ABA/ZR, and ABA/GA3 in flower buds were higher than those in leaf buds throughout the whole flower bud morphological differentiation process. Therefore, the reduced ZR content was beneficial to floral induction. The low content of GA3, and high ratios of ABA/IAA and ZR/IAA were conducive to early morphological differentiation. In addition, high ratios of ABA/GA3 and ABA/ZR were beneficial to the morphological differentiation of flower buds. Moreover, the high ABA content was beneficial to floral induction and morphological differentiation of flower buds. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of apple flower bud differentiation and could potentially strengthen the theoretical basis for artificial regulation of apple flower bud development using exogenous plant hormones.