bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of environmental factors in the regional development assessment
Authors: Petukhova Ekaterina , Rudenko Lyudmila , Mottaeva Angela , Ivashchenko Andrey , Isaeva Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

The article describes the development of the author's methodology for assessing the environmental components in the structure of a comprehensive assessment of regional development. The need to develop a methodology is justified by the principles of budget financing for equalizing the living standards of regions and ensuring their sustainable development. Testing of the methodology shows that the resulting assessment does not always reflect the true causes of deviations, which can cause ineffective use of budget funds. The methodology indicates the strengths and weaknesses of each individual region, and in a structural context, which allows you to see which provisions have a negative impact on the assessment.
Stimulating environmental protection activities in the energy sector
Authors: Mamarasulova Feruza , Bobojonov Yunus , Djurayev Shukhrat , Karimova Nazimakhan
Published: December 2023

The article discusses issues of stimulating environmental protection activities in the energy sector. In addition, the factors influencing the decline in industrial production volumes are considered: the close interdependence of economic and energy factors in shaping the state of security of territories; a decrease in the level of energy efficiency during a period of general stagnation; the increasing influence of economic indicators of the operation of energy systems on the degree of security threats, such as chronic underinvestment in fuel and energy sectors, non-payments, etc.; excessive load on the fuel and energy complex as the “locomotive of the economy”; high level of monopolism in the fuel and energy sector; uneven territorial distribution of fuel and energy resources and productive forces, both of natural origin and due to the dominance of an administrative-centralized management system for many decades; distortions in prices and tariffs for energy resources, etc.
The influence of sowing rates of winter wheat varieties planted in Bukhara region on seed viability and actual seedling thickness
Authors: Ilyosov Ashraf
Published: December 2023

One of the main criteria of economic stability is the effective use of available resources and opportunities by every agricultural enterprise operating in the conditions of the market economy. One of the main requirements of today's farming is to collect the planned amount of seedlings and grow a high yield with the economical use of seed material, crop area, especially irrigation water. Based on this goal, a field experiment was conducted under the soil-climatic conditions of Bukhara province on the topic “Effect of seedling thickness of autumn wheat cultivars on the processes of water exchange in plants”. In the experiment, when the seeding rate was increased from 4.5 million/ha to 6.5 million/ha in “Grom”, “Alekseevich”, and “Kelajak” varieties of winter wheat, the field fertility of seeds decreased to 1.5-3.2%. The seedling thickness of the plants was studied in early spring and at the end of the season, and a certain decrease in the number of plants was observed during the winter season and the spring growth period.
Land reclamation project
Authors: Kolesnichenko Е. , Melentiev A. , Chursin A. , Nartova E.
Published: December 2023

The reclamation project establishes general requirements for the implementation of work on the reclamation of a land plot. The implementation of such work will lead to the restoration of soil cover throughout the entire territory of the reclaimed area, in which the processes of natural soil functioning can occur. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the reclamation project considers the development of measures aimed at optimizing the physical and chemical conditions of the environment, increasing the resistance of soils to various influences. The object of the study is the land plot of the filtration fields of JSC BZLK Citrobel, located in the western industrial region of Belgorod. The purpose of the work is to design and develop measures for the reclamation of lands disturbed as a result of the construction and operation of filtration fields of JSC BZLK Citrobel. The article examines the technical stage of reclamation, where the total area of the land plot was determined and the volume of movement of earth masses was calculated. Then the issue of the biological stage of land reclamation was considered, proposals and recommendations for its implementation were given. It is recommended to take into account the volume of excavation work taking into account the existing terrain and modern work technologies.
Improving ECMO therapy: Monitoring oxygenator functionality and identifying key indicators, factors, and considerations for changeout
Authors: Butt Salman Pervaiz , Razzaq Nabeel , Saleem Yasir , Cook Bill , Abdulaziz Salman
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The optimal timing for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit change-out is crucial for the successful management of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. This comprehensive review examines the various factors that influence the timing of oxygenator replacement in the ECMO circuit. By considering these factors, clinicians can make informed decisions to ensure timely and effective change-out, enhancing patient outcomes and optimizing the delivery of ECMO therapy. Methodology: A thorough search of relevant studies on ECMO circuits and oxygenator change-out was conducted using multiple scholarly databases and relevant keywords. Studies published between 2017 and 2023 were included, resulting in 40 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Discussion: Thrombosis within the membrane oxygenator and its impact on dysfunction were identified as significant contributors, highlighting the importance of monitoring coagulation parameters and gas exchange. Several factors, including fibrinogen levels, pre and post-membrane blood gases, plasma-free hemoglobin, D-dimers, platelet function, flows and pressures, and anticoagulation strategy, were found to be important considerations when determining the need for an oxygenator or circuit change-out. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team and thorough preparation were also highlighted as crucial aspects of this process. Conclusion: In conclusion, managing circuit change-outs in ECMO therapy requires considering factors such as fibrinogen levels, blood gases, plasma-free hemoglobin, D-dimers, platelet function, flows, pressures, and anticoagulation strategy. Monitoring these parameters allows for early detection of issues, timely interventions, and optimized ECMO therapy. Standardized protocols, personalized anticoagulation approaches, and non-invasive monitoring techniques can improve the safety and effectiveness of circuit change-outs. Further research and collaboration are needed to advance ECMO management and enhance patient outcomes.
Preliminary report of extracorporeal blood purification therapy in patients receiving LVAD: Cytosorb or Jafron HA330
Authors: Nurmykhametova Zhuldyz , Lesbekov Timur , Kaliyev Rymbay , Bekishev Bolat , Jabayeva Nilufar , Novikova Svetlana , Faizov Linar , Vakhrushev Ivan , Pya Yuriy
Published: December 2023

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) candidates are at increased risk of immune dysregulation and infectious complications. To attenuate the elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels and associated adverse clinical outcomes, it has been postulated that extracorporeal blood purification could improve the overall survival rate and morbidity of patients undergoing LVAD implantation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of 15 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at our center between January 2021 and March 2022. Of these, 15 (100%) who received HeartMate 3™ (St. Jude Medical, Abbott, MN, USA) device were eligible. Intraoperatively, patients were single randomized 1:1:1 to three groups: group 1, patients who received Cytosorb therapy (n = 5; installed in the CPB circuit); group 2, patients who received Jafron HA330 (n = 5; installed in the CPB circuit); and control group 3, patients who did not receive filter (n = 5; usual care, neither Cytosorb nor Jafron during CPB). Baseline patient characteristics and intraoperative data were compared between the groups. Blood sample analyses were performed to assess the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1, 6, 8; CRP, Leukocyte, Lactate, PCT, NT-proBNP, TNF-α) in both preoperative and postoperative data. Results: Baseline patient characteristics were similar in all three groups. We found that IL1α; IL 6; IL8; Lactatedehydrogenase, PCT, pro-BNP, CRP; Leukocyte, and TNFα levels significantly increased with LVAD implantation and that neither Cytosorb nor Jafron influenced this response. In-hospital mortality and overall survival during follow-up were similar among the groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary results showed that hemoadsorption therapy using Cytosorb or Jafron hemoadsorption (HA) 330 may not be clinically beneficial for patients with advanced heart failure undergoing LVAD implantation. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential role of HA therapy in improving outcomes in patients undergoing LVAD implantation.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: December 2023

der Diabetes mellitus hat sich im letzten Jahrtausend zu einer bedrohlichen Epidemie
für die Gesundheitssysteme der Welt entwickelt. Jede Stunde sterben drei
Betroffene an Diabetes. Alle 20 Sekunden wird ein Zehenglied oder ein Fuß
amputiert. Weltweit leben derzeit mehr als eine 0,5 Mrd. Menschen mit Diabetes. Bis
2050 wird sich diese Zahl einer aktuellen Studie zufolge mehr als verdoppeln.
Demnach werden 1,3 Mrd. Betroffene an Diabetes leiden – vorrangig am
vermeidbaren Typ 2.
Deeskalationstrainings
Authors: Mayer Michael , Walter Gernot
Published: December 2023

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung von Deeskalationstrainings im psychiatrischen Hilfesystem. Anhand verschiedener Übersichtsarbeiten wird die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit dieser Trainings dargestellt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Qualitätskriterien für die Konzeption und Durchführung von Deeskalationstrainings notwendig sind. Die Autoren beschreiben aktuelle Entwicklungen von Qualitätsstandards für Deeskalationstrainings.
Psychiatrie ohne Zwang
Authors: Theodoridou Anastasia , Jäger Matthias
Published: December 2023

Zwang in der Psychiatrie stellt ein anhaltendes Problem dar und wird national wie international kritisch diskutiert. Trotz aller Bemühungen gelang es bisher nicht, die Zahl der Zwangsmaßnahmen zufriedenstellend zu reduzieren. Die Gründe hierfürsind vielschichtig und komplex. Die gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen fordern das psychiatrische Gesundheitssystem heraus und führen zu einer Zunahme der kontroversen Diskussion über die zugrunde liegenden medizinisch-psychiatrischen, ethischen und juristischen Annahmen und Überzeugungen. Angesichts des bestehenden Dilemmas diesbezüglich ist eine weitere Optimierung der Prävention und Reduktion von Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie dringend nötig. Die Neuordnung der Zuständigkeiten im Notfall kann in Kombination mit einer Strategie wie der vorgestellten „Zero-Coercion“-Initiative hierbei eine „Katalysatorfunktion“ übernehmen und die Entwicklung von Alternativstrategien ermöglichen, die in einer festgefahrenen Rollenverteilung nicht erkannt werden können.
Utility of gastroscopy in the left lateral semi-recumbent position: A blood-free coup!
Authors: Patra Biswa Ranjan , Harindranath Sidharth , Ansari Abu Aasim , Gupta Shubham , Saner Chetan , Pujalwar Shashank , Vaidya Arun , Singh Ankita , Aggarwal Mohit , Shukla Akash
Published: December 2023

Background and study aims The utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the left lateral semi-recumbent position in the setting of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) with a persistent fundal pool of blood for adequate visualization and effective endotherapy has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of this position in such settings.

Patients and methods A prospective study of patients presenting with acute UGIB with an uncleared fundal pool of blood was conducted. All underwent EGD in the left lateral decubitus and secondary left lateral semi-recumbent positions. Outcomes in secondary position in terms of adequate visualization of the fundus, identification of new or additional sources of bleeding, and effectiveness of endotherapy were studied.

Results We screened 860 patients and included 44 patients (5.11%) with a persistent fundal pool of blood. Endoscopy in the primary position revealed the source of bleeding in 37 of 44 patients (84%). The source of the bleeding was not identified in seven of 44 patients (16%). Endoscopy in the secondary position showed clearance of fundal pool in all 44 patients (100%). A new source of bleeding was identified in all seven patients (100%) and an additional source could be identified in another five patients (13.6%). Endotherapy was performed in the secondary position for all 44 patients with 100% technical success and 94% clinical success.

Conclusions These data show that endotherapy in the left lateral semi-recumbent position is feasible, safe, and effective. It should be done when endoscopy in the left lateral decubitus position reveals a pool of blood in the fundus and there is inadequate visualization of the fundus.
Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps in the Danish population: A large nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Andrea Mille , Jepsen Rikke Karlin , Klein Mads Falk , Gögenur Ismail , Kuhlmann Tine Plato
Published: December 2023

Background and study aims Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps (SPs) include hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated lesions-/+dysplasia (SSL/SSL-D), and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). From 20% to 30% of colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from SP. We present incidence and baseline characteristics of SP in a Danish cohort.

Patients and methods We used The Danish Pathology Registry to include all SPs in the Danish population from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. Based on the unique Danish personal identification number and SNOMED-codes, combined with the age and sex of patients, and date of procedure, we determined the incidence of the SP subtypes, anatomical location, and changes over time.

Results During the period from 2000 to 2021, a total of 292,761 SPs were removed from 163,840 patients: 51,649 SSLs, 5959 SSL-Ds, 224,860 HDs, and 10,293 TSAs. The median age of patients was 64.1 years (range 55.2–71.6) and 53.3% were male. We found a general increase in SPs from 3525 in 2000 to 25,853 in 2021 and a rise in the SSL proportion from 1.7% in 2006 to 38% in 2021. Half of all patients had more than one lesion at endoscopy with conventional adenomas being the most common. CRC was found along with SPs in 3.3% of procedures, while 1% to 2.5% of the patients developed metachronous CRC.

Conclusions We found an increasing number of SPs, especially SSLs. From 2019 to 2021 the number of SPs seem to stabilize, while the proportion of SSLs keeps rising. Synchronous lesions were common along all subtypes of SP.
Masseter Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Result of Possible Meniere's Patients
Authors: Behmen Meliha B. , Konukseven Bahriye Ozlem , Tak Aysegul Y.
Published: December 2023

Background The masseter vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) test evaluates the vestibulomasseteric reflex neural pathway between the sound-stimulated saccule hair cells and the motor neurons of the trigeminal nerve.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the contribution of mVEMP to the conclusive diagnosis of recurrent vestibulopathy patients that were diagnosed with Possible Meniere's disease.

Methods The study includes 20 healthy individuals aged 18 to 40 years and 20 patients that were diagnosed with Possible Meniere's disease according to the American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (AAO–HNS, 1995) Guidelines for the Definition of Meniere's Disease. In addition to the AAO–HNS, 1995 criteria, the presence of aural signs on the affected side was questioned according to the Meniere's criteria updated in 2015. mVEMP records were obtained by using surface electrodes placed on masseter muscles. Latency and amplitude values and asymmetry ratios of mVEMP waves were used for statistical analysis.

Results Asymmetry ratios were 15.9 ± 9.7% for the control group and 60.61 ± 45.52 for the experimental group; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The absolute latency and amplitude results were not statistically different between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion As Murofushi et al. (2001) stated in the literature, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP)/ocular VEMP latencies were not affected in peripheral pathologies, and in our study, no difference was observed between the groups in mVEMP latencies. The findings of our study showed that asymmetry ratio and absence of waves should be used in the clinical evaluation of Possible Meniere's disease. We conclude that mVEMP can be used to determine the lateralization of vestibular disorders and to support the presence of a vestibular pathology. mVEMP can contribute to the vestibular test battery.
Radiofrequency ablation for ampullary neoplasia with intraductal extension after endoscopic papillectomy: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Landim Davi Lucena , de Moura Diogo Turiani Hourneaux , Hirsch Bruno Salomao , de Oliveira Guilherme Henrique Peixoto , Veras Matheus de Oliveira , Nunes Felipe Giacobo , Cavassola Paulo Ricardo Pavanatto , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Mahmood Sultan , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: December 2023

Background and study aims Noninvasive ampullary neoplasms may be removed by surgery or endoscopy. However, given the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery, endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is the preferred approach. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) after EP has emerged as a promising alternative therapy to avoid surgery after incomplete EP. Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RFA for residual or recurrent lesions with intraductal extension after endoscopic papillectomy.

Patients and methods The inclusion criteria include clinical trials, cohort studies, and case series evaluating patients with residual or recurrent lesions with intraductal extension after EP treated with RFA. Case reports, duplicated data, and studies with follow-up periods < 10 months were excluded. The metanalysis evaluated adverse events, surgical conversion rate, clinical success and recurrence.

Results Seven studies were selected, totaling 124 patients. RFA was associated with a clinical success rate of 75.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 65.0-88.0%; I2 = 23.484) in a mean follow-up period < 10 months. However, the biliary stricture rate was 22.2% (95% CI 12.1-28.4%; I2 = 61.030), 14.3% of pancreatitis (95% CI 8.8-22.3%; I2 < 0.001), 7.0% of cholangitis (95% CI 3.3-14.5%; I2 < 0.001), 4.0% of bleeding (95% CI 1.7-9.3%; I2 < 0.001), and recurrence of 24.3% (95% CI 16.0-35.0%; I2 = 23.484).

Conclusions RFA is feasible and appears to be effective for managing residual or recurrent lesions with intraductal extension after EP. However, long-term follow-up and high-quality studies are required to confirm our findings.
In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion and Related Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins
Authors: Fouda Shaimaa M. , Gad Mohammed M. , Abualsaud Reem , Ellakany Passent , AlRumaih Hamad S. , Farooqi Faraz A. , Matin Asif , Al-Eraky Doaa M. , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Al-Harbi Fahad A.
Published: December 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of Candida albicans to computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heat-polymerized (HP) denture base materials.

Materials and Methods Specimens were allocated to six groups based on the composition of studied denture base materials, HP acrylic resin, milled resins (AvaDent and IvoCad), and 3D-printed resins (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). Ten specimens per group were used for each test (n = 10/test). Surface roughness and contact angles were analyzed using profilometer and goniometer, respectively. Adhesion of C. albicans was counted using colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). Means and standard deviations were calculated, and then one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Correlation of Candida adhesion and surface parameters was determined by using Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness between HP, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resins except NextDent, which showed significantly higher roughness in comparison to all other resins (p = 0.001). In terms of contact angle, milled resins had the lowest value, followed by HP, ASIGA, and FormLabs, whereas NextDent showed the highest contact angle (p = 0.001). C. albicans adhesion showed no significant difference between all denture base resins. A positive and significant correlation was found between C. albicans adhesion and contact angle (p = 0.003), while no correlation was reported between C. albicans adhesion and surface roughness (p = 0.523).

Conclusion Adhesion of C. albicans was similar in all tested specimens. Surface roughness showed no significant difference between all groups except NextDent, which had the highest value. Milled denture base resins had the lowest contact angle among all groups.
Spin–orbit coupling enhanced electron–phonon superconductivity in infinite-layer BaBiO2
Authors: Cui Yaning , Gao Heng , Li Yongchang , Xu Shaowen , Wang Haotian , Ren Wei
Published: December 2023

The recent discovery of infinite-layer nickel oxide superconductors has highlighted the importance of first-principles simulations. We predict an infinite-layer bismuth oxide superconductor BaBiO2, which is isostructural to NdNiO2. In this work, electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and electron–phonon interaction are studied, with special attention paid to the influence of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) on the above-mentioned quantities. Our calculations show that the structure will be dynamically stable under pressure and induce superconductivity, whether SOC is considered or not. In addition, SOC will significantly enhance the electron–phonon coupling (EPC), resulting in an increase in EPC constant λ from 0.43 to 0.73. We further find that the Fermi surface nesting is partially responsible for its superconductivity. A strong SOC changes the Fermi surface and enhances the nesting, and the EPC becomes stronger. Our results propose a bismuth-based superconductor, demonstrating the importance of SOC for its superconductivity and providing clues for further experimental synthesis.
Synchronous oscillatory electro-inertial focusing of microparticles
Authors: Vishwanathan Giridar , Juarez Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Here, results are presented on the focusing of 1μm polystyrene particle suspensions using a synchronous oscillatory pressure-driven flow and oscillatory electric field in a microfluidic device. The effect of the phase difference between the oscillatory fields on the focusing position and focusing efficiency was investigated. The focusing position of negatively charged polystyrene particles could be tuned anywhere between the channel centerline to the channel walls. Similarly, the focusing efficiency could range from 20% up to 90%, depending on the phase difference, for particle Reynolds numbers of order O(10−4). The migration velocity profile was measured and the peak velocity was found to scale linearly with both the oscillatory pressure-driven flow amplitude and the oscillatory electric field amplitude. Furthermore, the average migration velocity was observed to scale with the cosine of the phase difference between the fields, indicating the coupled non-linear nature of the phenomenon. Last, the peak migration velocity was measured for different particle radii and found to have an inverse relation, where the velocity increased with decreasing particle radius for identical conditions.
Recent advances in open-shell mixed conductors—From molecular radicals to polymers
Authors: Ko Jaehyoung , Nguyen Quynh H. , Thi Quyen Vu , Joo Yongho
Published: December 2023

Mixed conductors have recently garnered attention in the chemical physicist community due to their distinctive conducting nature and numerous potential applications. These species transport charges via both ionic and electronic pathways, where the coupling between these pathways facilitates an alternative mode of charge transport. Among the various mixed conductors examined, stable open-shell organic compounds are emerging as a promising class of materials. They have the potential to supplant existing organic mixed conductors thanks to their superior conductivity, ease of processing, environmental stability, and functional adaptability. Notably, recent advancements in open-shell macromolecules have been remarkable, ranging from their unprecedented solid-state electrical conductivity to their versatile roles in electrochemistry. Similarly, recent strides in small molecular open-shell species deserve attention. The solid-state electronic properties of these small molecular radicals can be compared to those of macromolecular (non-)conjugated organics materials, and they also play a significant role in wet (electrolyte-based) chemistry. In this review article, we offer a comprehensive overview of open-shell organic compounds, encompassing both small and macromolecular radicals. We particularly emphasize their role as a mixed conductor in various applications, the unique context of each species, and the interconnections between them.
Manifold projection image segmentation for nano-XANES imaging
Authors: Tetef Samantha , Pattammattel Ajith , Chu Yong S. , Chan Maria K. Y. , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: December 2023

As spectral imaging techniques are becoming more prominent in science, advanced image segmentation algorithms are required to identify appropriate domains in these images. We present a version of image segmentation called manifold projection image segmentation (MPIS) that is generally applicable to a broad range of systems without the need for training because MPIS uses unsupervised machine learning with a few physically motivated hyperparameters. We apply MPIS to nanoscale x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) imaging, where XANES spectra are collected with nanometer spatial resolution. We show the superiority of manifold projection over linear transformations, such as the commonly used principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, MPIS maintains accuracy while reducing computation time and sensitivity to noise compared to the standard nano-XANES imaging analysis procedure. Finally, we demonstrate how multimodal information, such as x-ray fluorescence data and spatial location of pixels, can be incorporated into the MPIS framework. We propose that MPIS is adaptable for any spectral imaging technique, including scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, where the length scale of domains is larger than the resolution of the experiment.
Convenient measurement of 129Xe relaxation times without the influence of intensity gradient of pump laser
Authors: Qian Tianyu , Zhang Yang , Zheng Jintao , Xiong Zhiqiang , Luo Hui , Wang Zhiguo
Published: December 2023

In the atomic cell of the spin exchange optical pumping system, the optical pumping inevitably introduces a magnetic field gradient, which affects the measurement result of the nuclear spin relaxation time a lot. To address this issue, our method achieves the measurement while excluding the influence of this magnetic field gradient. In this method, the pump laser is turned off after the spins of 87Rb and 129Xe have been effectively polarized, which results in the spin polarization of the 87Rb atoms being provided only by the spin exchange with 129Xe. Ultimately, the transverse and longitudinal components of the polarization of 129Xe are detected by the in situ87Rb atom magnetometer to obtain the T1 and T2 of 129Xe under different conditions. Using our method, since the influence of inhomogeneity caused by the pump laser is eliminated, the relaxation characteristic of atomic cells can be measured more quickly, essentially, and conveniently, which helps compare the performance of different atomic cells and find the best cell fabrication process further.
New assignments of Raman spectra of tetrahedra and the effects of electronegativity. II. Silicate glasses
Authors: Bancroft G. Michael , Dean Philip A. W. , Henderson Grant S. , Nesbitt H. Wayne
Published: December 2023

Our density functional theory calculations (by GAUSSIAN) on the Si4O104− moiety and Na4Si4O10 molecule reproduce the experimental Raman frequencies and relative intensities for the three A1 modes in the experimental Raman spectra of Na2Si2O5 and BaSi2O5 crystals and glasses. Taking the center of mass into consideration, accompanied by visualization using GaussView, these calculations provide a firm assignment of these three peaks: the 1060 cm−1 peak to the Si-NBO stretch (NBO = Si–O or Si–O–Na), the ∼600 cm−1 peak to the Si-BO stretch (BO = Si–O–Si), and the ∼500 cm−1 peak to the Si-BO-Si bend. Our GAUSSIAN calculations on modified “non-equilibrium” SiO44− tetrahedra, constrained to have the same Si–O bond lengths and O–Si–O bond angles as in the Si4O104− moiety, confirm the above-mentioned assignment and show reasonable agreement with the experimental Raman frequencies and relative intensities. We then examine the regular trends in the Si-NBO and Si-BO stretch frequencies for all Qn (n = 0–4) species in silicate glasses and crystals. The large systematic change in the differences between these frequencies (Δ1) is explained by electronic changes within the SiO4 tetrahedron. For example, the larger Δ1 for the Q3 tetrahedra than the Q2 tetrahedra is due to the changes in Si, BO, and NBO electron densities on the tetrahedral Si and O atoms, as measured by Si 2p and O 1s x-ray photoelectron spectra. This trend strongly suggests that the Si-BO stretch frequency for the Q4 species in v-SiO2 should be ∼500 cm−1, close to the A1 breathing mode frequency of 495 cm−1 for four membered rings previously assigned.
Chromatic limits of color filters based on gold nanostructure arrays: The role of surface plasmon and bulk contributions
Authors: Gutiérrez Anahí , Tapia-Contreras Mayra , Briones Edgar
Published: December 2023

Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of metallic nanostructure arrays have been recognized as an optical tool in the design of color filters by improving color gamut, saturation, and mechanical stability. In the reflectance spectra of these types of arrays, which define color, LSP and bulk contributions co-exist, and even though there have been numerous reports in this field, the chromatic limits of both contributions have not been reported. In this study, we investigate the relative contributions of LSP and bulk to the color of arrays. Using numerical simulations, the reflectance spectra of hexagonal arrays of gold nanodisks are investigated in terms of the dimensionality of the array. With a phenomenological approach based on the fitting of reflectance spectra with Gaussian and baseline functions, LSP and bulk contributions to color are separated and quantified. The results unveil the crossover between the yellowish color of gold, the signature of bulk concentration, and the reddish color of nanostructures.
Evaluating surface roughness of curved surface with circular profile based on arithmetic circular arc fitting
Authors: Li Jian , Xu Wei , Shen Tao , Jin Weifeng , Wu Chenxiang
Published: December 2023

A procedure based on Kåsa fit for evaluating the surface roughness of a curved surface with a circular arc profile was suggested in this paper. To investigate the effectiveness of the method, some curved surface profiles with preset surface roughness were numerically generated, and their surface roughness was evaluated by the procedure based on Kåsa fit. And the surface roughness of two experimental surface profiles evaluated by the method based on Kåsa fit was compared with those evaluated by linear fitting and quadratic polynomial fitting to demonstrate both the effectiveness and the preservation of Kåsa fit-based procedure. Results show that the evaluated value of surface roughness by Kåsa fit-based procedure only deviated from the actual value by less than 10%, even in the case of considerable fitting parameters’ error (>30%). Also, the Kåsa fit can report a reasonable value of surface roughness with better preservation of shift and rotation motion of the surface profile compared to both linear fit and quadratic polynomial fitting, especially for the curved surface with a short radius. This procedure based on Kåsa fit can be used in evaluating surface roughness of curved surface with circular arc profile no matter what pose of the object under observed.
Tunneling-enhanced interface recombination and current loss curves in kesterite solar cells
Authors: Krustok Jüri , Timmo Kristi , Kauk-Kuusik Marit , Grossberg-Kuusk Maarja
Published: December 2023

An approach to developing durable, light-weight, flexible, and semi-transparent solar cells is through the utilization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) monograin powder. However, CZTS cells are currently far from their theoretically predicted efficiency. One reason for this is tunneling-enhanced interface recombination, which leads to a decrease in VOC and FF under higher forward bias conditions. We calculated the current loss curves JR–V of three different CZTS monograin layer solar cells for this report by subtracting the dark J–V curve from the light curve and adding a short circuit current density JSC. By quantum tunneling of holes through a bell-shaped potential barrier with additional recombination at the interface between CdS and CZTS, the shape of the current loss curve was examined. We showed that using the derivative dJR/dV of the measured curves allows us to simplify our analysis. The maximum position of this curve is proportional to the effective barrier height, and the intensity and the full width at half maximum give information about the width. At lower temperatures, the effective barrier height increases according to our theoretical model. We demonstrated that the properties of CZTS solar cells may be significantly enhanced by eliminating current loss at higher bias voltages.
Recombination statistics of nonionic surfactant micelles at equilibrium
Authors: Koide Yusuke
Published: December 2023

We conduct dissipative particle dynamics simulations of nonionic surfactant solutions to investigate the statistical properties of micellar recombination. We categorize the recombination events into self-recombination, where two micelles created by scission join together, and non-self-recombination. We find that these two recombination events exhibit distinct statistical properties. The probability density function of the recombination time for self-recombination follows a power law, and we show that the mean squared displacement of the surfactants determines the exponent of the power law. In contrast, the survival function for non-self-recombination is exponential, which is consistent with the mean-field model. For non-self-recombination, we evaluate the mean recombination time for various aggregation numbers, temperatures, and surfactant volume fractions. We find a scaling law describing the mean recombination time of the micelles at equilibrium.
Concept for a fractional energy barrier tunneling junction
Authors: Chen Yicong , Ki Dong-Keun , Li Zhibing , Chen Jun
Published: December 2023

In general, the tunnel current in field emission tunneling junctions is determined by the barrier height under an applied electric field. Introducing an alternative way to modulate the tunnel current other than tuning the barrier height is important for further improving the related device performance. In this work, we propose a concept of a fractional energy barrier tunneling junction that exploits the field enhancement at the tip structure to modulate the shape of the barrier not just its height to tune the tunnel current. Compared with a classical triangular energy barrier, we find that the fractional energy barrier creates a thinner or thicker barrier width for electrons holes depending on the voltage bias, which allows us to enhance or suppress electron or hole currents by several orders of magnitude. By optimizing the barrier layer thickness for a given barrier height, we were able to make 99% of the total tunnel current to be from electrons only. This can greatly enhance the emission efficiency that is useful for application of tunneling cathode. We note that the concept proposed in this study can be extended to other field-injecting hot carrier devices.
Structure, photoluminescence, Judd–Ofelt analysis, and thermal stability studies of Ho3+/Yb3+ Co-doped YNbO4 green phosphors
Authors: Song Wenbin , Liu Shengyi , Gao Duan , Wang Li , Wen Yongbo , Huang Jun , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2023

A series of YNbO4:Ho3+/Yb3+ phosphors with varying concentrations of Yb3+ were synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state method. To ascertain the presence, structure, and purity of YNbO4:Ho3+/Yb3+, the crystal structure of the luminescent powder was investigated through x-ray diffraction. Trivalent rare earth ion-doped transparent luminescent materials possess distinctive f–f transition properties, which can be comprehensively studied using the Judd–Ofelt theory. However, when dealing with opaque powder materials, traditional Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theory becomes challenging to apply due to the unavailability of absorption spectra measurements. In this paper, to analyze the properties of Ho3+ in the YNbO4 phosphors, diffuse diffraction spectra and fluorescence decay curves were employed within the framework of the J–O theory. Furthermore, the J–O parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) of Ho3+ in YNbO4 phosphors were calculated and subsequently modified for accuracy and precision.
Research on control strategy of dual active full bridge converter based on deep deterministic strategy gradient
Authors: Yan Fulu , Hua Mian , Xun Zhi , Cao Dongdong
Published: December 2023

In order to cope with the need for fast and adaptive voltage regulation in the face of large-scale disturbance in future smart grid EV grid-connected converters, a control strategy based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper. For electric vehicle grid-connected dual active bridge (DAB) DC–DC converter, a deep deterministic strategy gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning intelligent controller based on an actor-critic architecture is designed. Through real-time online learning and training by collecting a large amount of system data, the intelligent controller can automatically adjust the power parameters of the DAB converter to ensure that the DC converter has strict stability in the face of various system disturbances. Simulation results show that the control strategy is effective. This research provides an innovative and feasible solution, which has important practical application value to the voltage regulation of electric vehicle grid-connected converters.
Deep kinematic inference affords efficient and scalable control of bodily movements
Authors: Priorelli Matteo , Pezzulo Giovanni , Stoianov Ivilin Peev
Published: December 2023

Performing goal-directed movements requires mapping goals from extrinsic (workspace-relative) to intrinsic (body-relative) coordinates and then to motor signals. Mainstream approaches based on optimal control realize the mappings by minimizing cost functions, which is computationally demanding. Instead, active inference uses generative models to produce sensory predictions, which allows a cheaper inversion to the motor signals. However, devising generative models to control complex kinematic chains like the human body is challenging. We introduce an active inference architecture that affords a simple but effective mapping from extrinsic to intrinsic coordinates via inference and easily scales up to drive complex kinematic chains. Rich goals can be specified in both intrinsic and extrinsic coordinates using attractive or repulsive forces. The proposed model reproduces sophisticated bodily movements and paves the way for computationally efficient and biologically plausible control of actuated systems.
Malleable meaning
Authors: Montesi Vanessa
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the process of recontextualization of Hieronymus Bosch’s paintingThe Garden of Earthly Delights(1505–1515) as a dance performance choreographed by Compagnie Marie Chouinard and presented at the Centro Cultural de Belém (CCB) in 2018. It shows how both source and target texts have been interpreted by scholars and the public in relation to the discursive framings offered by the physical space of their location and their historical contexts. While the first alleged locations of the painting have led the art historiansStefan Fischer (2016)andHans Belting (2018)to relate it either to the traditional moral precepts of Christianity or to the new voyages of colonization, the location of Chouinard’s dance performance at the heart of the most visible inscription of Portuguese colonial past, the district of Belém, created a parallel friction with the moral interpretation offered by the CCB. In analyzing how the process of recontextualization can activate dissonant discursive frames, I propose recontextualization as the operation of exposing the source text’s ambiguities and foregrounding the malleability of meaning-material.
Heritage speaker pragmatics
Authors: Avramenko Marina , Meir Natalia
Published: December 2023

The current study investigated request production in Russian as a Heritage language (HL), with a special focus on
the role of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) of the majority societal language (here SL-Hebrew) and Age of Onset of Bilingualism
(AOB). Ninety-seven adult participants were recruited in four groups: three groups of Russian-Hebrew bilinguals with various AOBs
of SL-Hebrew – before the age of 5 (n = 32), between the ages of 5–13 (n = 20), after the age of
13 (n = 19) – and a control group of monolingual Russian speakers (n = 26). The study elicited
20 requests in formal and informal contexts through oral role-plays. The results indicate that heritage speakers acquire the
basics of prototypical Russian request strategies across various social contexts. The results also show effects of CLI and AOB in
the pragmatic competence of HL-speakers. When faced with linguistic difficulties to express requests, HL speakers resort to the
use of compensatory strategies leading to the creation of novel structures. These novel structures are a combination of
conventions that are characteristic of the Russian acquired in childhood and transfer from the dominant SL. The study makes an
important contribution to the understanding of HL pragmatic development by investigating the effects of CLI and AOB.
Investigating human experiences and perceptions of unmounted activities commonly practiced in equine-assisted services
Authors: Pasiuk Emma Leigh , Rudd Christine , Webberson Emily , Anderson Nichole C. , Hall Nathan , Stellato Anastasia C. , Schroeder Katy
Published: December 2023

Equine-assisted services (EAS) are known to be beneficial for participants, though factors that influence their in-session experiences of horse-human interactions (HHI) remain underexplored. A mixed-methods, repeated measures design was used to investigate relationships between unmounted activities and human mood state, their activity enjoyment, and their perceptions of the horse they interacted with. We aimed to determine if participants’ (
n
= 56) reported mood states reflected their behavior toward the EAS horses (
n
= 14) across activity conditions. Horses and humans completed three activity conditions: grooming, leading the horse, and leading the horse around a maze. To assess participants’ mood states throughout the interaction, we measured participants’ mood states before the interaction began and after each activity. A post-interaction survey was used to assess participants’ enjoyment of each activity and the influence of certain horse characteristics on their experience. All interaction activities were filmed for analysis of human behavior. Results from two logistic regression models suggest that activity type was not significantly associated with the arousal (
p =
0.09) or valence (
p
= 0.70) of participants’ reported mood states; however, a trend in the post hoc comparisons indicated participants were more likely to report an activated mood state before the interaction began compared to after the first activity (i.e., post-groom) (OR: 3.15, CI: 7.79−1.28,
p
= 0.013). Most participants (
n
= 46/54) reported pleasant moods throughout the interactions, although qualitative results suggest participants experienced a wider range of affective states. Participant behavior supported their reported pleasant mood as most behaviors across conditions were affiliative toward the horse. These results identify factors that influence human experiences when interacting with horses that are incorporated into EAS.
In situ analysis of plastic flow near interfaces and free surfaces
Authors: Gupta Deepika , Udupa Anirudh , Viswanathan Koushik
Published: December 2023

Spatio–temporal analysis of large strain plastic flow at or near interfaces and free surfaces is important for understanding practical problems in the cutting and sliding of metals. In this context, the use of direct in situ imaging, coupled with digital image correlation (DIC), has gained popularity in the past couple of decades since it does not require a priori assumptions about the nature of the deformation field. Moreover, the application of DIC to dynamically evolving interfaces remains challenging. Common techniques such as hierarchical grid refinement or post analysis interpolation are either spatially restrictive or can lead to significant data loss. In this work, we present an alternative experimental method -termed ensemble averaged DIC- that circumvents both these limitations by resorting to ensemble averaging of deformation fields over a number of related, yet independent, unstructured grids. The resulting fields are accurate to second order and are benchmarked against standard 1D and 2D test cases, before being applied to two plastic flow fields arising in deformation processing—frictional sliding and orthogonal machining. We benchmark our scheme against commercially available packages to demonstrate its enhanced ability to resolve plastic flow near interface and free surface. The scheme is shown to accurately estimate residual surface strains on the cut/processed material surface without any a priori information about the flow field.