bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of apple heirloom germplasm in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as revealed by SNP markers
Authors: Đurić Gordana , Skytte af Sätra Jonas , Gaši Fuad , Konjić Almira , Flachowsky Henryk , Howard Nicholas P. , Zeljković Mirela Kajkut , Garkava-Gustavsson Larisa
Published: August 2024

The cultivated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is an economically important fruit crop in countries worldwide, including Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH).The gene bank activities in BIH were initiated in the 1930s and continued until the war in the 1990s, when much of the documentation was lost. Since then, uncoordinated efforts were made to establish apple collections in different regions, but a comprehensive analysis of genetic resources was lacking. This prompted the current study where we present the first thorough overview of the national genetic resources of BIH apples. Thus, we analyzed 165 accessions in the apple gene bank at the Institute for Genetic Resources (IGR) established at Banja Luka using the 20 K apple Infinium® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We combined the results with previously published data on the germplasm collections at Srebrenik and Goražde, genotyped using the Axiom® Apple 480 K SNP array. In total, 234 accessions were included in the study of which 220 were presumed to be local cultivars and 14 were known international reference cultivars. We identified numerous genotypic duplicates within and between collections and suggested preferred names to be used in the future. We found the BIH germplasm to have relatively few parent-offspring relationships, particularly among local cultivars, which might reflect the country’s history and patterns of apple cultivar introduction. A number of cultivars unique to BIH and a weakly defined genetic group were identified via STRUCTURE analysis, representing interesting targets for future research and preservation efforts.
Environmental contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and contribution from biomonitoring studies to the surveillance of global health
Authors: Teixeira Joana , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Morais Simone , Oliveira Marta
Published: August 2024

This work presents an integrated overview of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ (PAHs) ubiquity comprising environmental contamination in the air, aquatic ecosystems, and soils; characterizes the contamination in biota; and identifies main biomonitors and human exposure to PAHs and associated health risks. Urban centers and industrial areas present increased concentrations in the air (1344.4–12,300 versus 0.03–0.60 ng/m3 in industrial/urban and rural zones) and soils (0.14–1.77 × 106 versus 2.00–9.04 × 103 versus 1.59–5.87 × 103 ng/g in urban, forest, and rural soils), respectively. Increased concentrations were found in coastal zones and superficial waters as well as in sediments (7.00 × 104–1.00 × 109 ng/g). Benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic PAH, was found in all environmental media. Mosses, lichens, tree leaves, bivalves, cephalopods, terrestrials’ snails, and honeybees are good biomonitors of biota contamination. More studies are needed to improve characterization of PAHs’ levels, distribution, and bioaccumulation in the environmental media and assess the associated risks for biota and human health. Actions and strategies to mitigate and prevent the bioaccumulation of PAHs in the environment and trophic chains toward the WHO’s One-Health Perspective to promote the health of all ecosystems and human life are urgently needed.
Resting-state neural dynamics changes in older adults with post-COVID syndrome and the modulatory effect of cognitive training and sex
Authors: Nagy Boglárka , Protzner Andrea B. , Czigler Balázs , Gaál Zsófia Anna
Published: August 2024

Post-COVID syndrome manifests with numerous neurological and cognitive symptoms, the precise origins of which are still not fully understood. As females and older adults are more susceptible to developing this condition, our study aimed to investigate how post-COVID syndrome alters intrinsic brain dynamics in older adults and whether biological sex and cognitive training might modulate these effects, with a specific focus on older females. The participants, aged between 60 and 75 years, were divided into three experimental groups: healthy old female, post-COVID old female and post-COVID old male. They underwent an adaptive task-switching training protocol. We analysed multiscale entropy and spectral power density of resting-state EEG data collected before and after the training to assess neural signal complexity and oscillatory power, respectively. We found no difference between post-COVID females and males before training, indicating that post-COVID similarly affected both sexes. However, cognitive training was effective only in post-COVID females and not in males, by modulating local neural processing capacity. This improvement was further evidenced by comparing healthy and post-COVID females, wherein the latter group showed increased finer timescale entropy (1–30 ms) and higher frequency band power (11–40 Hz) before training, but these differences disappeared following cognitive training. Our results suggest that in older adults with post-COVID syndrome, there is a pronounced shift from more global to local neural processing, potentially contributing to accelerated neural aging in this condition. However, cognitive training seems to offer a promising intervention method for modulating these changes in brain dynamics, especially among females.
p53 Orchestrates Cancer Metabolism: Unveiling Strategies to Reverse the Warburg Effect
Authors: Abukwaik Roba , Vera-Siguenza Elias , Tennant Daniel , Spill Fabian
Published: August 2024

Cancer cells exhibit significant alterations in their metabolism, characterised by a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and an increased reliance on glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen. This metabolic shift, known as the Warburg effect, is pivotal in fuelling cancer’s uncontrolled growth, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. While dysregulation of many genes contributes to this metabolic shift, the tumour suppressor gene p53 emerges as a master player. Yet, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study introduces a comprehensive mathematical model, integrating essential p53 targets, offering insights into how p53 orchestrates its targets to redirect cancer metabolism towards an OXPHOS-dominant state. Simulation outcomes align closely with experimental data comparing glucose metabolism in colon cancer cells with wild-type and mutated p53. Additionally, our findings reveal the dynamic capability of elevated p53 activation to fully reverse the Warburg effect, highlighting the significance of its activity levels not just in triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death) post-chemotherapy but also in modifying the metabolic pathways implicated in treatment resistance. In scenarios of p53 mutations, our analysis suggests targeting glycolysis-instigating signalling pathways as an alternative strategy, whereas targeting solely synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2) does support mitochondrial respiration but may not effectively suppress the glycolysis pathway, potentially boosting the energy production and cancer cell viability.
Mobilität in der Ausbildung ermöglichen: Rotationsstrategien für Lernende in Schweizer Betrieben
Authors: Keller Anna , Barabasch Antje
Published: August 2024

Um mittelfristig vielen Lernenden eine duale Ausbildung anbieten zu können und Lernende gleichzeitig möglichst vielseitig auf ihr Berufsleben vorzubereiten, braucht es eine Flexibilisierung in der berufspraktischen Berufsausbildung und eine Förderung von Mobilität und Mobilitätbereitschaft bei den Lernenden. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Ausbildung von Lernenden in wechselnden Unternehmenskontexten. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stand die Frage: Welche Strategien wenden Schweizer Betriebe in der Rotation von Lernenden an? Auf der Grundlage von Daten zu Fallstudien in 9 Unternehmen in der Schweiz, werden die unterschiedlichen Strategien der flexiblen Platzierung von Lernenden in der berufspraktischen Ausbildung modellhaft dargestellt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Organisation der Rotation auf einer Abstimmung der Bedarfe, einerseits der Unternehmen und andererseits der Lernenden erfolgt. Die Strategien unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihres Fokus (standardisierte Rotation vs. personalisierte Rotation) und ihrer Dynamik (geringe vs. hohe Dynamik). Im Schlussteil werden die Strategien eingeordnet und diskutiert.
Metabolic Complications Associated with Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTI) for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Focus on Weight Changes, Lipids, Glucose and Bone Metabolism
Authors: Savinelli Stefano , Newman Ellen , Mallon Patrick W. G.
Published: August 2024

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize recently published peer reviewed papers on the influence of treatment with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTI) in people with HIV (HIV) on metabolic health, including weight gain, lipid parameters, glucose homeostasis, and bone health.

Recent Findings

InSTI have a mild/moderate effect on weight gain in both antiretroviral (ART) naïve and ART experienced PWH, which is more pronounced in certain groups (i.e. women, people of Black African ethnicity, those with lower socioeconomic status, and older people). The effect on weight is also driven by other components of the ART regimen as well as previous exposure to certain ART. InSTI have a relatively safe profile in terms of lipid parameters and bone health, compared to other ART classes, although some studies suggest a greater risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in PWH using InSTI, especially 2nd generation InSTI.

While there is some evidence suggesting a negative impact of InSTI on some aspects of metabolic health (weight gain and glucose homeostasis), they remain the preferred treatment option for most PWH, due to their high efficacy and tolerability. However, an individualised approach to ART choice in PWH should be used in order to avoid negative outcomes in populations at higher risks of metabolic complications.
Building a Set of Indicators to Assess Migrant Children's Integration in Europe: A Co-Creation Approach
Authors: Serrano Inmaculada , Fernández Mercedes , Marcos Eva Bajo
Published: August 2024

The integration of refugee and migrant children, one of Europe’s most vulnerable populations, is a crucial challenge for EU societies and their present and future social cohesion. Despite extensive knowledge on migrant integration, we still lack specific instruments to measure children's integration and set goal-oriented targets to promote it. Our research responds to this need by presenting and discussing a new child-centered system of indicators with a twofold purpose: (1) to assess and monitor the integration of refugee and migrant children across European countries and (2) to guide policymakers and relevant stakeholders. The indicator system's holistic and transversal nature marks an improvement over previous measurement attempts by considering different dimensions of integration; subjective and objective perspectives, as well as contextual factors; and indicators relevant for and comparable across different European countries. The research uses a co-creative methodology that ensures both scientific rigor and relevance for stakeholders and policymakers. A child-centered perspective, active participation of children throughout the research process, and an iterative co-creation design contribute to the system's added value. First-hand experiences, ongoing dialogues, and an ecological approach involving stakeholders at micro, meso, and macro levels (children, families, school representatives, public officials, and politicians) served to develop and validate the set of indicators. As a result, we are offering (1) 14 indicators that assess the integration outcomes of migrant children across five dimensions: access to rights, language and culture, well-being, social connectedness, and educational achievements, and (2) 16 indicators highlighting key barriers and facilitators influencing integration outcomes (i.e., societal and political aspects, particularly school organization and learning support).
A series of regression models to predict the weathering index of tropical granite rock mass
Authors: Suparmanto Eka Kusmawati , Mohamad Edy Tonnizam , Rathinasamy Vynotdni , Ahmad Legiman Mariatul Kiftiah , Zainal Zuraini , Zainuddin Nurul Eilmy , Slamat Fazleen , Md Dan Azlan Mohd Firdaus , Armaghani Danial Jahed
Published: August 2024

In the recent past, several weathering indicators have been developed to describe its state of weathering. The state of rock weathering is a useful indicator to estimate the integrity of tropically weathered rock material and mass which weatherability plays an important role in a tropical region. Through a ground assessment tool, the strength and durability of the rock mass could be estimated and complex or adopted to simplify the early prediction of the complex engineering parameter. This paper presents several models of the Weathering Index (WI) using selected significant parameters using statistical analysis. For this purpose, several sites have been chosen to represent granitic rock mass. Forty (40) numbers of samples were collected and tested comprising from four (4) sites in Malaysia. Several laboratory tests have been conducted such as Point Load Index (Is(50)), dry density, Slake Durability 1 (SD1), Slake Durability 2 (SD2) and moisture content. The field and laboratory data sets are used to determine the WI by using simple regression and MLR analysis Significant parameters found to be useful in determining the WI are selected namely SD1, dry density, Is(50), and block volume. These parameters were selected based on stepwise analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Following the models’ implementation, the models were evaluated and the best prediction model was selected after considering statistical coefficients, such as coefficient of determination (R2), variance account for (VAF), and root mean squared error (RMSE), as well as utilizing a straightforward ranking approach. The findings of this study could contribute to the more accurate prediction of WI using a more simplistic field and laboratory parameters. Therefore, the WI is useful during the initial stages and planning of rock excavation work and provides a good description of weathering grade and rock mass properties, which will affect excavatability in granitic areas.
Stopping Rule Sampling to Monitor and Protect Endangered Species
Authors: Mitchell Lara , Polansky Leo , Newman Ken B.
Published: August 2024

Ecological science and management often require animal population abundance estimates to determine population status, set harvest limits on exploited populations, assess biodiversity, and evaluate the effects of management actions. However, sampling can harm animal populations. Motivated by trawl sampling of an endangered fish, we present a sequential adaptive sampling design focused on making population-level inferences while limiting harm to the target population. The design incorporates stopping rules such that multiple samples are collected at a site until one or more individuals from the target population are captured, conditional on the number of samples falling within a predetermined range. With this application in mind, we pair the stopping rules sampling design with a density model from which to base abundance indices. We use theoretical analyses and simulations to evaluate inference of population parameters and reduction in catch under the stopping rule sampling design compared to fixed sampling designs. Density point estimates based on stopping rules could theoretically be biased high, but simulations indicated that the stopping rules did not induce noticeable bias in practice. Retrospective analysis of the case study indicated that the stopping rules reduced catch by 60% compared to a fixed sampling design with maximum possible effort.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
The genomes of two Australian isolates of Verticillium dahliae recovered from cotton fields
Authors: Gardiner Donald M. , Smith Linda J. , Rusu Anca , Aitken Elizabeth A. B.
Published: August 2024

Verticillium wilt is a major disease in a wide variety of crops and is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. In Australian cotton growing regions two pathotypes of V. dahliae are described, namely non-defoliating and defoliating, classified on their ability to cause defoliation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as well as okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and olives (Olea europaea). Herein we report the genomes of two isolates of V. dahliae, one predicted to be non-defoliating and the other predicted to be defoliating. Phylogenomic analysis places each isolate into separate clades, but the highly aggressive, predicted defoliating, strain lacks the genomic features reported as important for causing defoliation on cotton in other regions.
Fractional calculus for distributions
Authors: Hilfer R. , Kleiner T.
Published: August 2024

Fractional derivatives and integrals for measures and distributions are reviewed. The focus is on domains and co-domains for translation invariant fractional operators. Fractional derivatives and integrals interpreted as "Equation missing"-convolution operators with power law kernels are found to have the largest domains of definition. As a result, extending domains from functions to distributions via convolution operators contributes to far reaching unifications of many previously existing definitions of fractional integrals and derivatives. Weyl fractional operators are thereby extended to distributions using the method of adjoints. In addition, discretized fractional calculus and fractional calculus of periodic distributions can both be formulated and understood in terms of "Equation missing"-convolution.
Mining Interpretable Regional Co-location Patterns Based on Urban Functional Region Division
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Wang Lizhen , Yang Peizhong , Zhou Lihua
Published: August 2024

Discovering the correlation relationships of spatial facilities in urban functional regions is of great significance in analyzing urban planning and promoting urban development. However, existing regional co-location pattern mining methods do not fully consider the attributes of urban functional regions. Consequently, they fail to effectively capture the relationships between spatial facilities and regions, resulting in patterns lacking practical application value and interpretability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel regional co-location pattern (RCP) mining method based on urban functional region division. First, an ontology-based method for urban functional region division is proposed. On the basis of dividing urban functional regions, the expected mean distance is generated to adaptively calculate the neighbor relationships between instances in each region, and a parallel algorithm is designed to quickly mine RCPs in urban functional regions. Then, the correlation coefficient ($$CC_{RP}$$

C

C

RP

) measures the association strength between RCP and function type to provide interpretability for RCPs. Finally, extensive experiments on real-world datasets are conducted to verify the effectiveness of urban functional region partition and to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed RCP mining method.
Leveraging local data sampling strategies to improve federated learning
Authors: Düsing Christoph , Cimiano Philipp , Paaßen Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Federated learning (FL) facilitates shared training of machine learning models while maintaining data privacy. Unfortunately, it suffers from data imbalance among participating clients, causing the performance of the shared model to drop. To diminish the negative effects of unfavourable data-specific properties, both algorithm- and data-based approaches seek to make FL more resilient against them. In this regard, data-based approaches prove to be more versatile and require less domain knowledge to be applied efficiently. Hence, they seem particularly suitable for widespread application in various FL environments. Although data-based approaches such as local data sampling have been applied to FL in the past, previous research did not provide a systematic analysis of the potential and limitations of individual data sampling strategies to improve FL. To this end, we (1) identify relevant local data sampling strategies applicable to FL systems, (2) identify data-specific properties that negatively affect FL system performance, and (3) provide a benchmark of local data sampling strategies regarding their effect on model performance, convergence, and training time in synthetic, real-world, and large-scale FL environments. Moreover, we propose and rigorously test a novel method for data sampling in FL that locally optimizes the choice of sampling strategy prior to FL participation. Our results show that FL can greatly benefit from applying local data sampling in terms of performance and convergence rate, especially when data imbalance is high or the number of clients and samples is low. Furthermore, our proposed sampling strategy offers the best trade-off between model performance and training time.
Two existence results regarding strict contractions on metric spaces with graphs
Authors: Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J.
Published: August 2024

We establish two results regarding the existence of fixed points for strict contractions on complete metric spaces with graphs.
On Loss Functionals for Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Steady-State Convection-Dominated Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Frerichs-Mihov Derk , Henning Linus , John Volker
Published: August 2024

Solutions of convection-dominated convection-diffusion problems usually possess layers, which are regions where the solution has a steep gradient. It is well known that many classical numerical discretization techniques face difficulties when approximating the solution to these problems. In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for approximating the solution to (initial-)boundary value problems ((I)BVPs) received a lot of interest. This paper studies various loss functionals for PINNs that are especially designed for convection-dominated convection-diffusion problems and that are novel in the context of PINNs. They are numerically compared to the vanilla and an hp-variational loss functional from the literature based on two steady-state benchmark problems whose solutions possess different types of layers. We observe that the best novel loss functionals reduce the $$L^2(\varOmega )$$

L
2

(
Ω
)

error by 17.3% for the first and 5.5% for the second problem compared to the methods from the literature.
Research progress of antibody–drug conjugates in gynecologic cancer
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Peng Xuanwei , Lin Zhongqiu , Lu Huaiwu
Published: August 2024

Gynecologic cancer is a critical concern in the field of women’s health, and traditional treatment methods have demonstrated limited efficacy for certain advanced and recurrent gynecologic cancers. In recent years, antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, as an emerging targeted approach, has gained increasing attention as a research hotspot. This review aims to elucidate the structure and mechanism of ADC drugs and explore their application and clinical research progress in gynecologic cancers such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer.
The classified peri-urban forest of Kua from Burkina Faso must not be declassified for ecological reasons
Authors: Balima Larba Hubert , Kiemtoré Henry , Bayen Philippe , Zerbo Issouf , Ganamé Moussa , Cissé Mohamed , Thiombiano Adjima
Published: August 2024

Densification of urban areas and rapid urbanization result in land scarcity in the Sahelian cities of West Africa. Therefore, urban greenspaces are increasingly coveted for socio-economic development. This is the case of the peri-urban forest of Kua in Burkina Faso which has been subject of controversies between ecologists and decision makers who intended to declassify this forest for hospital project. The lack of ecological evidence on this forest fueled the dichotomous conflicts between environment protection and urban planning. Hence, this study aimed to assess the ecological characteristics of the peri-urban forest of Kua. Dendrometric measurements of 2993 individuals were performed in 106 plots across the peri-urban forests of Kua and Dindéresso. We computed and compared tree diversity metrics, structural parameters and carbon stocks between the two forests. The findings revealed a γ–diversity of 40 woody species from 38 genera and 16 families in Kua forest. Through the diversity metrics, we found that the peri-urban forest of Kua exhibited lower tree diversity than the peri-urban forest of Dindéresso (p-value < 0.05). Similarly, tree density was significantly lower (p-value < 0.05) in Kua (212.446 ± 291.65 ind. ha−1) than in Dindéresso (378.461 ± 298.89 ind. ha−1). However, carbon stock was two times significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in Kua (26.21 ± 31.27 Mg.ha−1) than in Dindéresso (13.389 ± 15.95 Mg.ha−1), highlighting the high potential of this forest in carbon sequestration. This study demonstrated that the peri-urban forest of Kua – despite its lower tree diversity and density – constitutes important carbon pools and sinks. Therefore, this forest must not be declassified, but should rather be reinforced through management plans and conservation actions. To sustain urban development, land management policies promoting the conservation of greenspaces are required to reduce biodiversity loss and carbon emissions in urban centers.
Under attack: Why and how I-O psychologists should counteract threats to DEI in education and organizations
Authors: Follmer Kayla Brooke , Sabat Isaac E. , Jones Kristen P. , King Eden
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in both proposed and enacted legislation that targets diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives within higher education and organizations. These laws aim to dismantle protections and support for vulnerable individuals and groups. In this focal article, we provide an overview of the motives driving these anti-DEI legislative initiatives and categorize the laws based on the type of restrictions they impose: (a) reduction in knowledge, (b) reduction in access, and (c) reduction in support. Next, we discuss the consequences these anti-DEI laws yield for individuals, organizations, and society at large and provide an overview of how individuals and organizations may counteract these regressive policies. Last, we conclude with a call to action for I-O psychologists to investigate and call attention to the consequences of anti-DEI laws for recruitment and selection, well-being and safety of minoritized individuals, organizational reputation, and organizational performance and profits.
Paisajes agrícolas miniaturas de tiempos prehispánicos tardíos en las tierras altas de Arica (Andes centro sur)
Authors: Sepúlveda Marcela , Saintenoy Thibault , Santos Rubén
Published: August 2024

La agricultura fue una actividad fundamental de las comunidades aldeanas de las tierras altas de Arica en los Andes centro sur, durante el período Intermedio tardío (1100-1450 dC), hasta convertirse en uno de los principales propósitos de la expansión inca en la región en los siglos quince y dieciséis. Este trabajo presenta el hallazgo, en la cuenca alta del Valle de Azapa, de maquetas o infraestructuras agrícolas grabadas en miniatura. Caracterizamos sus formas y soportes, examinamos su distribución en los territorios tardíos de la región y las contrastamos a macroescala regional con evidencias similares. Finalmente, discutimos su vínculo con el flujo de conocimientos y experiencias relativos al manejo del agua y la topografía, junto con la ritualización del paisaje agrícola en tiempos incas.
Solitary Listening, Copyright, and Reification during the Interwar Years: A Discourse Theoretic Approach
Authors: VOLGSTEN ULRIK
Published: August 2024

An utterly remarkable device [the phonograph] … and no one can as yet envision all the remarkable that may follow from this invention.

Ann Charlotte Leffler (1878)1
Weak Mass Loss from the Red Supergiant Progenitor of SN 2021yja
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin
Published: August 2024

Recent observations of Type II supernovae have revealed that their red-supergiant progenitors lose a significant amount of mass during the last years of their evolution. However, because it is difficult to discover supernovae within days of explosion, the diversity of mass loss in red supergiants has not yet been fully mapped. This talk presented the case of SN 2021yja, which was serendipitously imaged within hours of explosion and observed with a sub-day cadence during its rise to peak. From the exceptionally long plateau period and the high nickel mass, we infer a relatively massive red-supergiant progenitor star. However, archival imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope places a stringent upper limit of on its progenitor mass. We discuss these conflicting constraints in the context of the larger sample of exploding red supergiants. Our analysis helps illuminate the poorly understood mechanism(s) behind red-supergiant mass loss.
ISOSCELES: Grid of stellar atmosphere and hydrodynamic models of massive stars
Authors: Araya Ignacio , Machuca Natalia , Curé Michel , Arcos Catalina
Published: August 2024

Spectroscopy can decode the radiation from stars in an appropriate way and derive many properties of different stellar objects. In this work we seek to derive simultaneously stellar and wind parameters of massive stars. To model the data we use the radiative transport code Fastwind with the hydrodynamic solutions derived using our stationary code Hydwind as input, instead of the β-law. Then, ISOSCELES, our grid of stellar atmosphere and hydrodynamic models of massive stars, is used to derive the physical properties of the observed spectra through spectral line fittings. This quantitative spectroscopic analysis provide an estimation about the line–force parameters, whose theoretical calculations are complex. In addition, we expect to confirm that the hydrodynamic δ-slow solutions, describe quite reliable the radiation line-driven winds of A and late B supergiant stars and, at the same time, explain disagreements between observational data and theoretical models for the Wind–Momentum Luminosity Relationship (WLR).
Near and far: a hunt for binary-interaction products
Authors: Bodensteiner J. , Sana H. , Mahy L. , Shenar T. , Banyard G. , Wang C.
Published: August 2024

Direct observations of the products of binary interactions are sparse, yet they provide important insights on the outcome of the interaction and the physics at play. Young and intermediate-age star clusters are the ideal tool to search for, and characterize such interaction products and allow for a detailed comparison to theoretical predictions. We here report on integral field spectroscopy obtained with MUSE for several such clusters in the Magellanic Clouds.
Structure in stellar winds of early B type supergiants
Authors: Parsons Timothy N. , Prinja Raman K. , Oskinova Lidia M. , Massa Derck L.
Published: August 2024

One significant difficulty in reliable quantification of the rates of mass-loss from hot, massive stars lies in uncertainties associated with quantifying temporal and spatial variability within stellar winds. The consequences of low-metallicity conditions for wind structure also merit continued investigation. We present initial results from ULLYSES data with the aim of identifying structure within the stellar winds of early B type supergiants with sub-solar metallicities in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We demonstrate how single-epoch ULLYSES data can be used to investigate significant wind structure for these stars.
3D effects of rotation on spectroscopic observables
Authors: Abdul-Masih Michael
Published: August 2024

When a star is rapidly rotating, it deviates from spherical symmetry causing non-uniform distributions of the surface gravity and temperature across the surface. These three-dimensional effects lead to an inclination dependence of many observable spectroscopic parameters, however this is often neglected when analyzing rapidly rotating systems. Using spamms, we generate synthetic spectra that account for the 3D geometry of the system and fit them with 1D models to investigate how much the 3D effects can change the derived stellar parameters. We show that these 3D effects can lead to observed temperature differences of thousands of kelvin for the same star viewed at different inclinations, and a systematic underestimation of the helium abundance.
How Much Hydrogen is in Type Ib and IIb SN Progenitors?
Authors: Gilkis Avishai , Arcavi Iair
Published: August 2024

We compare pre-supernova observations with synthetic photometry from stellar evolution models to infer the progenitor properties of the seven known progenitors of Type Ib and IIb supernovae. Our results are roughly consistent with a hydrogen mass threshold of for a Type II appearance.
Wray 15-906 low mass Luminous Blue Variable in a pre-supernova stage
Authors: Maryeva O. , Gvaramadze V. , Kniazev A. , Berdnikov L.
Published: August 2024

The evolutionary link between Red Supergiants and Luminous Blue variables is interesting, but still poorly understood. We present the results of a study of the Galactic candidate luminous blue variable Wray 15-906, revealed via the detection of its infrared circumstellar shell (of ≍2 pc in diameter) with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Herschel Space Observatory. Using the stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN and the Gaia parallax, we found that Wray 15-906 is a relatively low-luminosity, log(L/Lȯ) ≍ 5.4, star with a temperature of 25±2 kK. In the framework of single star evolution, the obtained results suggest that Wray 15-906 is a post-red supergiant star with an initial mass of ≍ 25Mȯ and that before exploding as a supernova it could transform for a short time into a WN11h star. The presence of a shell with a mass 2.9±0.5Me indicates that Wray 15-906 has suffered substantial mass loss in the recent past.
Dynamical vs Supernova Acceleration of OB Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Oey M. S. , Dorigo Jones J. , Phillips G. D. , Castro N. , Dallas M. M. , Moe M.
Published: August 2024

We use the RIOTS4 sample of SMC field OB stars to determine the origin of massive runaways in this low-metallicity galaxy using Gaia proper motions, together with stellar masses obtained from RIOTS4 data. These data allow us to estimate the relative contributions of stars accelerated by the dynamical ejection vs binary supernova mechanisms, since dynamical ejection favors faster, more massive runaways, while SN ejection favors the opposite trend. In addition, we use the frequencies of classical OBe stars, high-mass X-ray binaries, and non-compact binaries to discriminate between the mechanisms. Our results show that the dynamical mechanism dominates by a factor of 2 – 3. This also implies a significant contribution from two-step acceleration that occurs when dynamically ejected binaries are followed by SN kicks. We update our published quantitative results from Gaia DR2 proper motions with new data from DR3.
M 1-67 and RCW 58: nebulae around WN8h stars formed through CE evolution
Authors: Jiménez-Hernández P. , Arthur S. J. , Toalá J. A. , Marston A. P.
Published: August 2024

We present the analysis of the dust properties of the Wolf-Rayet nebulae M 1-67 and RCW 58 around the WN8h stars WR 124 and WR 40, respectively. Modeling with the photoionization code Cloudy shows that in both nebulae the IR spectral energy distributions and ionized gas properties can be reproduced by a dust shell consisting of two populations of dust grains. Furthermore, taking into account the initial mass, the morphology and the kinematics of the nebulae we propose M 1-67 and RCW 58, together with their progenitor stars, as the first observational evidences of post-common envelope evolution in nebulae around massive stars.
MWC 656: A Be+BH or a Be+sdO?
Authors: Rivinius Th. , Klement R. , Chojnowski S. D. , Baade D. , Shepard K. , Hadrava P.
Published: August 2024

MWC 656 has been reported as classical Be star with a black hole companion. Revisited spectral variability properties render this unlikely, with a hot subdwarf more probable.
Wolf-Rayet stars: recent advances and persisting problems
Authors: Shenar Tomer
Published: August 2024

Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars comprise a class of stars whose spectra are dominated by strong, broad emission lines that are associated with copious mass loss. In the massive-star regime, roughly 90% of the known WR stars are thought to have evolved off the main sequence. Dubbed classical WR (cWR) stars, these hydrogen-depleted objects represent a crucial evolutionary phase preceding core collapse into black holes, and offer a unique window into hot-star wind physics. Their formation is thought to be rooted in either intrinsic mass-loss or binary interactions. Results obtained from analyses using contemporary model atmospheres still fail to reconcile the derived properties of WR stars with predictions from stellar evolution. Importantly, stellar evolution models cannot reproduce the the bulk of cWR stars, a problem that becomes especially severe at subsolar metallicity. Next-generation model atmospheres and upcoming observational campaigns to hunt for undetected companions promise a venue for progress.
Strong lithium lines in red supergiants at different metallicities
Authors: Negueruela Ignacio , Alonso-Santiago Javier , Dorda Ricardo , Patrick Lee R.
Published: August 2024

Current models of stellar evolution predict that stars more massive than ∼6 M⊙ should have completely depleted all lithium (Li) in their atmospheres by the time when they reach the He core burning phase. Against this, a non-negligible number of red giants with masses ≳6 M⊙ presenting strong Li lines have recently been reported. Motivated by this finding, we have carried out a spectroscopic survey of red supergiants (RSGs) in the Perseus Arm and a selection of young open clusters in the Magellanic Clouds to assess the presence of the Li i 6708Å doublet line. Based on a sample of > 70 objects, close to one third of RSGs in the Perseus Arm display noticeable Li lines, with perhaps a trend towards a lower fraction among more luminous stars. The samples in the Magellanic Clouds are not as large, but hint at a metallicity dependence. Twenty one RSGs in 5 LMC clusters show a very high fraction of Li detection, around 40%. Conversely, 17 RSGs in 5 SMC clusters give only one secure detection. The interpretation of these observational results is not straightforward, but a mechanism for Li production seems most likely. Further characterisation work is ongoing, while theoretical studies into this matter are urgently needed.
Using machine learning to investigate the populations of dusty evolved stars in various metallicities
Authors: Maravelias Grigoris , Bonanos Alceste Z. , Tramper Frank , de Wit Stephan , Yang Ming , Bonfini Paolo , Zapartas Emmanuel , Antoniadis Konstantinos , Christodoulou Evangelia , Muñoz-Sanchez Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

Mass loss is a key property to understand stellar evolution and in particular for low-metallicity environments. Our knowledge has improved dramatically over the last decades both for single and binary evolutionary models. However, episodic mass loss although definitely present observationally, is not included in the models, while its role is currently undetermined. A major hindrance is the lack of large enough samples of classified stars. We attempted to address this by applying an ensemble machine-learning approach using color indices (from IR/Spitzer and optical/Pan-STARRS photometry) as features and combining the probabilities from three different algorithms. We trained on M31 and M33 sources with known spectral classification, which we grouped into Blue/Yellow/Red/B[e] Supergiants, Luminous Blue Variables, classical Wolf-Rayet and background galaxies/AGNs. We then applied the classifier to about one million Spitzer point sources from 25 nearby galaxies, spanning a range of metallicites (). Equipped with spectral classifications we investigated the occurrence of these populations with metallicity.
Progenitors and companions of stripped-envelope supernovae
Authors: Zapartas E. , Fox O. , Fragos T. , Renzo M. , Andrews J. , Bavera S. S. , Dotter A. , Drout M. , van Dyk S. , Milisavljevic D. , Kovlakas K. , Misra D. , Rocha K. , Smith N. , Williams B. , Xing Z.
Published: August 2024

In this poster, using the POSYDON code, we present results on binary progenitors of stripped-envelope SNe and their companions. We find that most progenitors are expected to explode, according to typical SN prescriptions (in contrast to single star progenitors). We also show the expected masses and position in the HR diagram of the companions of these SNe at the moment of explosion, allowing us to do a first statistical comparison with the compiled sample of observational detections (or upper limits) on these companions.
On the Z-(in)dependence of the Humphreys-Davidson Limit
Authors: Sabhahit Gautham N. , Vink Jorick S. , Higgins Erin R. , Sander Andreas A. C.
Published: August 2024

The temperature independent part of the Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit sets the boundary for evolutionary channels of massive stars that either end their lives as red supergiants (RSGs) or as the hotter blue supergiants (BSGs) and Wolf-Rayet stars. Recent downward revision of most luminous RSGs the Galaxy below log(L / L⊙) ≈ 5.5, more in line with the Magellanic Clouds, might hint towards a metallicity (Z)-independent HD limit. We present MESA single star models in the 15-40 M⊙ range and study the different Z-dependent processes that could potentially affect the location of the upper luminosity limit of RSGs.
How to make an 85 Solar Mass Black Hole
Authors: Winch Ethan , Vink Jorick S. , Higgins Erin , Sabhahit Gautham
Published: August 2024

We present in-progress resolution test and parameter space studies for very massive stars using MESA, showcasing current MESA version convergence studies.
Judges Behaving Badly: Judicial Misconduct and a Threat to Rights
Authors: Baker Melissa N. , Canelo Kayla S.
Published: August 2024

Unethical behavior among US judges, including sexual misconduct and other forms of discriminatory behavior, is becoming increasingly publicized. These controversies are particularly concerning given the important role judges play in shaping policy pertaining to individual rights. We argue that types of misconduct serve as a signal to the public about potential threats judges may pose to people, particularly groups of people who are marginalized. We use a survey experiment that introduces a judge who has engaged in misconduct to measure if the type of misconduct will influence attitudes on whether the judge poses a threat to the rights of women, racial minorities, and ethnic minorities. Interestingly, we find that judges accused of discriminatory misconduct toward one group are viewed as a threat to rights across the board and are seen as less able to rule fairly on matters pertaining to marginalized people more generally.
The effect of diabetes on abdominal aortic aneurysm growth –	updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Harindi Alawattegama Lakna , Gaddah Mariam , Kimani Linda , Antoniou George A.
Published: August 2024

Summary: Studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced prevalence and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Establishing the factors that influence AAA growth will enable us to risk stratify patients and potentially optimise management. We aimed to provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis that would inform more targeted screening practices based on patient demographics. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and DARE were searched using the Ovid interface and PubMed search engine. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared the growth rate of AAA between diabetic and non-diabetic populations. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence internal (CI) was used for data synthesis. Twenty-four studies from 20 articles with a total of 10,121 participants were included in our meta-analysis. An overall negative effect was shown between AAA growth and diabetes, with an annual mean effect of –0.25 mm/year (95% CI –0.35, –0.15; I2 = 73%). Our meta-analysis, which is larger and scientifically more robust compared to previous analyses, has confirmed that diabetes reduces the growth of AAA by approximately 0.25 mm a year compared to non-diabetic populations. This could have significant implications for AAA screening practices.
„Es hat viel Wissenszuwachs gegeben“
Authors: Müller Christoph , Sauter Dorothea
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung: Mit dem „Lehrbuch Psychiatrische Pflege“ haben Dorothea Sauter und Ian Needham, Stefan Wolff und Chris Abderhalden bereits im Jahre 2003 Maßstäbe gesetzt. Es behandelt psychosoziale Alltagsthemen kranker oder pflegebedürftiger Menschen, die in allen Settings relevant sind. Im Jahr 2023 ist es in vierter Auflage und völlig überarbeitet erschienen. Mit der Mitherausgeberin Dorothea Sauter hat Christoph Müller das Gespräch gesucht.
Near‐Source Waveform Modeling to Estimate Shallow Crustal Attenuation and Radiated Energy of Mw 2.0–4.5 Earthquakes
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Emoto Kentaro , Takemura Shunsuke , Matsuzawa Toru
Published: August 2024

Estimating the radiated energy of small‐to‐moderate (Mw < 5) earthquakes remains challenging because their energy decay significantly during wave propagation. Even when near‐source records are available, seismic waves pass through the shallow crust with strong attenuation, which can bias energy estimates. This study evaluated the degree of energy dissipation in the crust through modeling near‐source (<12 km) waveform data in northern Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. High‐quality waveforms recorded at a downhole sensor confined by granite with high seismic velocity helped to investigate this issue. We first estimated the moment tensors for M1–4 events and computed their synthetic waveforms, assuming a tentative one‐dimensional attenuation (Q−1) model. We then modified the Q−1‐model in the 5–20 Hz range such that the frequency components of the synthetic and observed waveforms of microearthquakes (Mw < 1.7) matched. The results show that the Qs‐value is as low as 55 at depths of <4 km with no obvious frequency dependence. Using the derived Q−1‐model, we estimated the moment‐scaled radiated energy (eR) of 3,884 events with Mw 2.0–4.5. The median eR is 3.5 × 10−5, similar to the values reported for Mw > 6 events, with no obvious Mw dependence. If we use an empirically derived Qs‐model, the median eR becomes a one‐order underestimation (2.0 × 10−6). More than 70% of the energy is dissipated in the shallow crust for events with Mw < 4. These results demonstrate the need for an accurate understanding of shallow crustal attenuation for energy estimation of small events, even with near‐source high‐quality data.