bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of ETM+ Remote Sensing Image Based on Hybrid Algorithm of Genetic Algorithm and Back Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Song Haisheng , Xu Ruisong , Ma Yueliang , Li Gaofei
Published: June 2013

The back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm can be used as a supervised classification in the processing of remote sensing image classification. But its defects are obvious: falling into the local minimum value easily, slow convergence speed, and being difficult to determine intermediate hidden layer nodes. Genetic algorithm (GA) has the advantages of global optimization and being not easy to fall into local minimum value, but it has the disadvantage of poor local searching capability. This paper uses GA to generate the initial structure of BPNN. Then, the stable, efficient, and fast BP classification network is gotten through making fine adjustments on the improved BP algorithm. Finally, we use the hybrid algorithm to execute classification on remote sensing image and compare it with the improved BP algorithm and traditional maximum likelihood classification (MLC) algorithm. Results of experiments show that the hybrid algorithm outperforms improved BP algorithm and MLC algorithm.
Aggressive Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Increases Survival: A Scandinavian Single-Center Experience
Authors: Brudvik Kristoffer Watten , Bains Simer Jit , Seeberg Lars Thomas , Labori Knut Jørgen , Waage Anne , Taskén Kjetil , Aandahl Einar Martin , Bjørnbeth Bjørn Atle
Published: June 2013

Background. We examined overall and disease-free survivals in a cohort of patients subjected to resection of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRLM) in a 10-year period when new treatment strategies were implemented. Methods. Data from 239 consecutive patients selected for liver resection of CRLM during the period from 2002 to 2011 at a single center were used to estimate overall and disease-free survival. The results were assessed against new treatment strategies and established risk factors. Results. The 5-year cumulative overall and disease-free survivals were 46 and 24%. The overall survival was the same after reresection, independently of the number of prior resections and irrespectively of the location of the recurrent disease. The time intervals between each recurrence were similar (11 ± 1 months). Patients with high tumor load given neoadjuvant chemotherapy had comparable survival to those with less extensive disease without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Positive resection margin or resectable extrahepatic disease did not affect overall survival. Conclusion. Our data support that one still, and perhaps to an even greater extent, should seek an aggressive therapeutic strategy to achieve resectable status for recurrent hepatic and extrahepatic metastases. The data should be viewed in the context of recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology and the metastatic process.
Graphite Oxide under High Pressure: A Raman Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Xu Lianqiang , Cheng Li
Published: June 2013

We present a Raman‐based study on the graphite oxide under high pressure. The graphite oxide is stable under hydrostatic high pressure ambient. By carefully fitting the D, G, and D′ bands which are merged at some extent, we successfully retrieve the information of peak position evolution of G band of graphite oxide under pressure, and it is found that the G band pressure coefficient is very close to that of graphene, and the pressure‐induced peak position shift is reversible upon releasing the pressure. The Raman‐based high pressure investigation indicates that the graphite oxide possesses good mechanical ductility despite the fact that it is oxygenated by functional groups. This study provides useful fundamental understanding of graphite oxide.
The Effect of Thiamine and Thiamine Pyrophosphate on Oxidative Liver Damage Induced in Rats with Cisplatin
Authors: Turan Mehmet Ibrahim , Siltelioglu Turan Isil , Mammadov Renad , Altınkaynak Konca , Kisaoglu Abdullah
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) on oxidative stress induced with cisplatin in liver tissue. Rats were divided into four groups; thiamine group (TG), TPP + cisplatin group (TPG), healthy animal group (HG), and cisplatin only group (CG). Oxidant and antioxidant parameters in liver tissue and AST, ALT, and LDH levels in rat sera were measured in all groups. Malondialdehyde levels in the CG, TG, TPG, and HG groups were 11 ± 1.4, 9 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.5, and 2.2 ± 0.48 μmol/g protein, respectively. Total glutathione levels were 2 ± 0.7, 2.8 ± 0.4, 7 ± 0.8, and 9 ± 0.6 nmol/g protein, respectively. Levels of 8-OH/Gua, a product of DNA damage, were 2.7 ± 0.4 pmol/L, 2.5 ± 0.5, 1.1 ± 0.3, and 0.9 ± 0.3 pmol/L, respectively. A statistically significant difference was determined in oxidant/antioxidant parameters and AST, ALT, and LDH levels between the TPG and CG groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was determined between the TG and CG groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, cisplatin causes oxidative damage in liver tissue. TPP seems to have a preventive effect on oxidative stress in the liver caused by cisplatin.
Fertility Decline in Rwanda: Is Gender Preference in the Way?
Authors: Habimana Kabano Ignace , Broekhuis Annelet , Hooimeijer Pieter
Published: June 2013

In 2007 Rwanda launched a campaign to promote 3 children families and a program of community based health services to improve reproductive health. This paper argues that mixed gender offspring is still an important insurance for old age in Rwanda and that to arrive at the desired gender composition women might have to progress beyond parity 3. The analyses are twofold. The first is the parity progression desire given the gender of living children. The second is gender specific replacement intention following the loss of the last or only son or daughter. Using the Demographic and Health Surveys of 2000, 2005, and 2010, we show that child mortality does not lead to extra parity progression beyond three, while having single gender offspring does and even more so when this is the result of the loss of the last son or daughter.
A Three-Stage Fifth-Order Runge-Kutta Method for Directly Solving Special Third-Order Differential Equation with Application to Thin Film Flow Problem
Authors: Mechee M. , Senu N. , Ismail F. , Nikouravan B. , Siri Z.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a three-stage fifth-order Runge-Kutta method for the integration of a special third-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is constructed. The zero stability of the method is proven. The numerical study of a third-order ODE arising in thin film flow of viscous fluid in physics is discussed. The mathematical model of thin film flow has been solved using a new method and numerical comparisons are made when the same problem is reduced to a first-order system of equations which are solved using the existing Runge-Kutta methods. Numerical results have clearly shown the advantage and the efficiency of the new method.
Use and Misuse of a Biomarker: Contrast-Medium-Induced Nephropathy and Serum Creatinine
Authors: Persson Pontus B.
Published: June 2013

Two different types of contrast media are being used: low-osmolar and isoosmolar contrast media (LOCM, IOCM). Both types induce renal failure. Serum creatinine is routinely used as a marker of renal impairment in many clinical settings. A variety of studies and meta-analyses addressed the differential safety of contrast media with divergent osmolarity. Unfortunately, research in this field is lacking standardized endpoints, as different levels of creatinine increase are used as a surrogate for renal failure, and additionally, serum creatinine levels are influenced by a variety of pathophysiological conditions and thus susceptible for marker artifacts. This is one explanation why conflicting results have been published regarding the different safety of contrast media favoring either LOCM or IOCM. Viscosity which is higher in IOCM rather than osmolarity determines the potential of a CM to induce renal failure. High viscosity reduces flow in renal tubules and vessels and thus impairs renal filtration. Thus, the most effective prevention measure for renal failure is reducing the concentration of contrast media and adequate hydration. In emergency situations, hydration as well as kidney status is commonly unknown, and LOCM are indicated due to their lower viscosity and to their greater water-binding capacity to reduce the risk of renal failure.
Treatment with Anti-Interleukin 23 Antibody Ameliorates Disease in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Kampagianni Ourania , Tsokos George C.
Published: June 2013

Interleukin 23 receptor expressing IL-17 producing T cells have been shown to be important in the development of murine lupus. The usefulness of IL-23 inhibition in ameliorating lupus nephritis is unknown. We hypothesized that inhibition of IL-23 will ameliorate nephritis in lupus-prone mice. To this end, we treated MRL/lprlupus-prone mice for 6 weeks with a rat anti-IL-23p19 antibody, which resulted in delaying the onset of nephritis without affecting the production of anti-dsDNA antibodies. The effect of the treatment was hampered by the production of murine anti-rat IgG antibodies. The amelioration of murine lupus by IL-23 inhibition strengthens the rationale for targeting IL-23 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Polyphenols: Multipotent Therapeutic Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Bhullar Khushwant S. , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha
Published: June 2013

Aging leads to numerous transitions in brain physiology including synaptic dysfunction and disturbances in cognition and memory. With a few clinically relevant drugs, a substantial portion of aging population at risk for age-related neurodegenerative disorders require nutritional intervention. Dietary intake of polyphenols is known to attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the risk for related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). Polyphenols exhibit strong potential to address the etiology of neurological disorders as they attenuate their complex physiology by modulating several therapeutic targets at once. Firstly, we review the advances in the therapeutic role of polyphenols in cell and animal models of AD, PD, MS, and HD and activation of drug targets for controlling pathological manifestations. Secondly, we present principle pathways in which polyphenol intake translates into therapeutic outcomes. In particular, signaling pathways like PPAR, Nrf2, STAT, HIF, and MAPK along with modulation of immune response by polyphenols are discussed. Although current polyphenol researches have limited impact on clinical practice, they have strong evidence and testable hypothesis to contribute clinical advances and drug discovery towards age-related neurological disorders.
Cellular Transplantation Alters the Disease Progression in Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sharma Alok , Paranjape Amruta , Sane Hemangi , Bhagawanani Khushboo , Gokulchandran Nandini , Badhe Prerna
Published: June 2013

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) is a dystrophinopathy manifested as progressive muscle degeneration. Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) have shown some myogenic potential. The paracrine effects of the BMMNCs reduce the inflammation and are thought to reduce muscle degeneration. We treated a 39 year old dental surgeon suffering from BMD. Muscle strength was reduced when measured using modified Medical Research Council’s Manual Muscle Testing (mMRC-MMT). Static sitting balance was poor. He was wheelchair dependent for ambulation and moderately independent in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score was 93. Musculoskeletal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI-MSK) showed moderate fatty infiltration in the muscles. Three cellular transplantations were carried out. Clinical assessment and the investigations were repeated. Progressive increase in the muscle strength was noted. Ambulation was independent using push-knee splints and minimal assistance when weary. Static and dynamic balance in sitting and standing improved. FIM score increased from 93 to 105. There was no increase in the degree of fatty infiltration, as seen on the MRI-MSK. The case study provides evidence for the putative benefits of cellular therapy in altering the disease progression in BMD. It also suggests augmented clinical benefits of combination of cellular therapy and rehabilitation.
Spontaneous Colo-Umbilical Fistula Complicating Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: Bolanaki Helen , Kouklakis Georgios , Courcoutsakis Nikos , Oikonomou Panagoula , Karayiannakis Anastasios J.
Published: June 2013

Colocutaneous fistula caused by diverticulitis is relatively uncommon with colo-umbilical fistulas being even rarer. We herein report a rare case of a spontaneous colo-umbilical fistula due to diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. The fistula developed from a diverticulum of the sigmoid colon that discharged through the umbilicus after two episodes of acute diverticulitis. The condition was successfully treated by resectional surgery.
High-Dose, but Not Low-Dose, Aspirin Impairs Anticontractile Effect of Ticagrelor following ADP Stimulation in Rat Tail Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Grześk Grzegorz , Kozinski Marek , Tantry Udaya S. , Wicinski Michal , Fabiszak Tomasz , Navarese Eliano P. , Grzesk Elzbieta , Jeong Young-Hoon , Gurbel Paul A. , Kubica Jacek
Published: June 2013

Objective.To compare effects of low- versus high-dose aspirin coadministered with ticagrelor on the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods.Wistar rats were orally administered ticagrelor (10 mg/kg) and/or aspirin (2 or 10 mg/kg) (n=7per each of 4 groups) or placebo (n=9) 12 and 2 hours before experiments. Anticontractile effects of ticagrelor were assessed in perfusion solution containing ticagrelor (1 μM/L). Changes in perfusion pressure proportional to the degree of adenosine diphosphate analogue- (2-MeS-ADP-) and phenylephrine-induced constriction of rat tail arteries were evaluated.Results.Pretreatment with high- but not low-dose aspirin enhanced the reactivity of VSMCs only in endothelium-lined vessels. Suppression of 2-MeS-ADP-induced VSMC contraction by ticagrelor observed in arteries with and without endothelium was maintained in endothelialized arteries pretreated only with low-dose aspirin. For endothelium-denuded vessels and low-dose aspirin we observed a significant reduction of the maximal effect of ticagrelor with no rightward shift of the concentration-response curve for phenylephrine. With high-dose aspirin pretreatment ticagrelor exerted no anticontractile effect.Conclusion.High-dose, but not low-dose, aspirin impairs the anticontractile effect of ticagrelor on ADP-induced VSMC contraction in the rat model. Both the clinical significance and detailed underlying mechanism of our findings require further investigation.
Butein Inhibits Angiogenesis of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells via the Translation Dependent Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chung Ching-Hu , Chang Chien-Hsin , Chen Shiou-Sheng , Wang Hsueh-Hsiao , Yen Juei-Yu , Hsiao Che-Jen , Wu Nan-Lin , Chen Yen-Ling , Huang Tur-Fu , Wang Po-Chuan , Yeh Hung-I , Wang Shih-Wei
Published: June 2013

Compelling evidence indicates that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can contribute to postnatal neovascularization and tumor angiogenesis. EPCs have been shown to play a “catalytic” role in metastatic progression by mediating the angiogenic switch. Understanding the pharmacological functions and molecular targets of natural products is critical for drug development. Butein, a natural chalcone derivative, has been reported to exert potent anticancer activity. However, the antiangiogenic activity of butein has not been addressed. In this study, we found that butein inhibited serum- and vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) induced cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human EPCs in a concentration dependent manner without cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, butein markedly abrogated VEGF-induced vessels sprouting from aortic rings and suppressed microvessel formation in the Matrigel implant assayin vivo. In addition, butein concentration-dependently repressed the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and the major downstream effectors, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and eIF4E in EPCs. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that butein exhibits the antiangiogenic effect bothin vitroandin vivoby targeting the translational machinery. Butein is a promising angiogenesis inhibitor with the potential for treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related diseases.
Long Noncoding RNAs‐Related Diseases, Cancers, and Drugs
Authors: Tang Jen-Yang , Lee Jin-Ching , Chang Yung-Ting , Hou Ming-Feng , Huang Hurng-Wern , Liaw Chih-Chuang , Chang Hsueh-Wei
Published: June 2013

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) function is described in terms of related gene expressions, diseases, and cancers as well as their polymorphisms. Potential modulators of lncRNA function, including clinical drugs, natural products, and derivatives, are discussed, and bioinformatic resources are summarized. The improving knowledge of the lncRNA regulatory network has implications not only in gene expression, diseases, and cancers, but also in the development of lncRNA‐based pharmacology.
Exergetic Model of Secondary Successions for Plant Communities in Arid Chaco (Argentina)
Authors: Karlin Marcos , Galán Rodrigo , Contreras Ana , Zapata Ricardo , Coirini Rubén , Ruiz Posse Eduardo
Published: June 2013

Ecosystems are open systems where energy fluxes produce modifications over plant communities. According to the state and transition model, plant formations are defined by changes in natural conditions and disturbs. Based on these changes, it is possible to define vectors that show the tendencies of the communities towards other states. Within the subregion of Arid Chaco, mature communities ofAspidosperma quebracho blancorepresent the quasistable equilibrium communities or “climax,” similar to that observed in the Chancaní Natural Reserve (Córdoba, Argentina). Biodiversity values and Lyapunov coefficients were calculated based on plant abundance and cover data. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated as the Euclidean distance of each site with respect to reference condition (community ofAspidosperma quebracho blanco), representing for each state the necessary exergy to reach the reference condition. When Lyapunov coefficients decrease in time, it is expected for the system to drive towards a quasistationary state; otherwise, the equilibrium is unstable and becomes less resilient. The diversity of species has a significant effect over the resistance to perturbations but equivocal for the recovery rate. Lyapunov coefficients may be more precise succession indicators than biodiversity indexes, representing the amount of exergy needed for a vegetation state to reach the reference condition.
From Integrative Genomics to Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Natrajan Rachael , Wilkerson Paul
Published: June 2013

Combinatorial approaches that integrate conventional pathology with genomic profiling and functional genomics have begun to enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of breast cancer. These methods have identified key genotypic–phenotypic correlations in different breast cancer subtypes that have led to the discovery of genetic dependencies that drive their behavior. Moreover, this knowledge has been applied to define novel tailored therapies for these groups of patients with cancer. With the current emphasis on characterizing the mutational repertoire of breast cancers by next-generation sequencing, the question remains as to what constitutes a driver event. By focusing efforts on homogenous subgroups of breast cancer and integrating orthogonal data-types combined with functional approaches, we can begin to unravel the heterogeneity and identify aberrations that can be therapeutically targeted. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3483–8. ©2013 AACR.
Glioma Grade Is Associated with the Accumulation and Activity of Cells Bearing M2 Monocyte Markers
Authors: Prosniak Michael , Harshyne Larry A. , Andrews David W. , Kenyon Lawrence C. , Bedelbaeva Kamila , Apanasovich Tatiyana V. , Heber-Katz Ellen , Curtis Mark T. , Cotzia Paolo , Hooper D. Craig
Published: June 2013

Purpose: This study is directed at identifying the cell source(s) of immunomodulatory cytokines in high-grade gliomas and establishing whether the analysis of associated markers has implications for tumor grading.

Experimental Design: Glioma specimens classified as WHO grade II–IV by histopathology were assessed by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry to identify the cells producing interleukin (IL)-10, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and factor secretion in culture. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and mixture discriminant analysis (MDA) were used to investigate associations between expressed genes and glioma grade.

Results: The principle source of glioma-associated IL-10 is a cell type that bears phenotype markers consistent with M2 monocytes but does not express all M2-associated genes. Measures of expression of the M2 cell markers CD14, CD68, CD163, and CD204, which are elevated in high-grade gliomas, and the neutrophil/myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subset marker CD15, which is reduced, provide the best index of glioma grade.

Conclusions: Grade II and IV astrocytomas can be clearly differentiated on the basis of the expression of certain M2 markers in tumor tissues, whereas grade III astrocytomas exhibit a range of expression between the lower and higher grade specimens. The content of CD163+ cells distinguishes grade III astrocytoma subsets with different prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3776–86. ©2013 AACR.
A Phase I Study of Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585), an Oral Hydroxamate Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor with Evidence of Target Modulation and Antitumor Activity, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Venugopal Balaji , Baird Richard , Kristeleit Rebecca S. , Plummer Ruth , Cowan Richard , Stewart Adam , Fourneau Nele , Hellemans Peter , Elsayed Yusri , Mcclue Steve , Smit Johan W. , Forslund Ann , Phelps Charles , Camm John , Evans T.R. Jeffry , de Bono Johann S. , Banerji Udai
Published: June 2013

Purpose: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of quisinostat, a novel hydroxamate, pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi).

Experimental Design: In this first-in-human phase I study, quisinostat was administered orally, once daily in three weekly cycles to patients with advanced malignancies, using a two-stage accelerated titration design. Three intermittent schedules were subsequently explored: four days on/three days off; every Monday, Wednesday, Friday (MWF); and every Monday and Thursday (M-Th). Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy were evaluated at each schedule.

Results: Ninety-two patients were treated in continuous daily (2–12 mg) and three intermittent dosing schedules (6–19 mg). Treatment-emergent adverse events included: fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, lethargy, and vomiting. DLTs observed were predominantly cardiovascular, including nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, ST/T-wave abnormalities, and other tachyarhythmias. Noncardiac DLTs were fatigue and abnormal liver function tests. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of quisinostat increased proportionally with dose. Pharmacodynamic evaluation showed increased acetylated histone 3 in hair follicles, skin and tumor biopsies, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as decreased Ki67 in skin and tumor biopsies. A partial response lasting five months was seen in one patient with melanoma. Stable disease was seen in eight patients (duration 4–10.5 months).

Conclusions: The adverse event profile of quisinostat was comparable with that of other HDACi. Intermittent schedules were better tolerated than continuous schedules. On the basis of tolerability, pharmacokinetic predictions, and pharmacodynamic effects, the recommended dose for phase II studies is 12 mg on the MWF schedule. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4262–72. ©2013 AACR.
Energy Management by Enhanced Glycolysis in G1-phase in Human Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bao Yan , Mukai Kuniaki , Hishiki Takako , Kubo Akiko , Ohmura Mitsuyo , Sugiura Yuki , Matsuura Tomomi , Nagahata Yoshiko , Hayakawa Noriyo , Yamamoto Takehiro , Fukuda Ryo , Saya Hideyuki , Suematsu Makoto , Minamishima Yoji Andrew
Published: June 2013

Activation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is well known as the Warburg effect, although its relation to cell- cycle progression remains unknown. In this study, human colon cancer cells were labeled with a cell-cycle phase-dependent fluorescent marker Fucci to distinguish cells in G1-phase and those in S + G2/M phases. Fucci-labeled cells served as splenic xenograft transplants in super-immunodeficient NOG mice and exhibited multiple metastases in the livers, frozen sections of which were analyzed by semiquantitative microscopic imaging mass spectrometry. Results showed that cells in G1-phase exhibited higher concentrations of ATP, NADH, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine than those in S and G2–M phases, suggesting accelerated glycolysis in G1-phase cells in vivo. Quantitative determination of metabolites in cells synchronized in S, G2–M, and G1 phases suggested that efflux of lactate was elevated significantly in G1-phase. By contrast, ATP production in G2–M was highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration, whereas cells in S-phase mostly exhibited an intermediary energy metabolism between G1 and G2–M phases. Isogenic cells carrying a p53-null mutation appeared more active in glycolysis throughout the cell cycle than wild-type cells. Thus, as the cell cycle progressed from G2–M to G1 phases, the dependency of energy production on glycolysis was increased while the mitochondrial energy production was reciprocally decreased.

Implications: These results shed light on distinct features of the phase-specific phenotypes of metabolic systems in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 11(9); 973–85. ©2013 AACR.
Serum Lipid Levels Are Associated with the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Khan Jahangir , Nordback Isto , Sand Juhani
Published: June 2013

Background/Aims: Serum lipid concentrations react during acute disease. We sought to measure changes in the serum lipid profile during acute pancreatitis and ascertain whether these changes were associated with the severity of the disease. Methods: A total of 233 patients (71% male, median age 48 years) hospitalized for acute pancreatitis were included in the study. The most common etiology for acute pancreatitis was alcohol (n = 131, 56%), followed by biliary (n = 48, 21%) and idiopathic pancreatitis (n = 36, 16%). Serum lipid levels were measured enzymatically. We analyzed samples obtained during the first days of hospitalization and later follow-up samples to measure changes during the course of the disease. Results: We report profound changes in the serum lipid concentrations during acute pancreatitis. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations measured within 2 days of admission (n = 203) were significantly lower in patients who developed severe pancreatitis (3.20 vs. 3.80 mmol/l, p = 0.001; 0.72 vs. 1.05 mmol/l, p < 0.000, and 1.60 vs. 2.14 mmol/l, p < 0.000, respectively). Low serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were moreover associated with in-hospital mortalities and longer hospitalization (p < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, the findings remained statistically significant in patients with alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis. Conclusion: Levels of serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are significantly lower in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and are associated with longer hospitalization.
Relationship between Body Composition and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimates in the General Population
Authors: Gunnarsson Sverrir I. , Palsson Runolfur , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Indridason Olafur S.
Published: June 2013

Background: Differences in body composition may lead to imprecision in estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from serum creatinine. Our aims were to examine the relationship between eGFR and anthropometric and body composition measures and handgrip strength. Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study comprising 1,630 randomly selected community-dwelling adults. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations were used to calculate eGFR from IMDS-standardized serum creatinine. Body mass index and body surface area were calculated from measured height and weight. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, handgrip strength measured by a hand-held dynamometer. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between eGFR and other factors. Results: In women, eGFR determined by the MDRD equation was inversely associated with height (β = -0.08; p = 0.012), lean mass percentage (β = -0.06; p = 0.047) and handgrip strength (β = -0.15; p < 0.001) and eGFR calculated using the CKD-EPI equation was inversely associated with handgrip strength (β = -0.08; p = 0.001). In men, there was an inverse association between eGFR by the MDRD equation and lean mass percentage (β = -0.10; p = 0.013) and handgrip strength (β = -0.12; p = 0.022) and between eGFR by the CKD-EPI equation and lean mass percentage (β = -0.07; p = 0.018). The R2 for these variables was <0.02. Conclusions: The inverse relationship between eGFR and measures of lean mass percentage and handgrip strength suggests that incorporation of these variables might improve eGFR prediction from serum creatinine in the general population. This effect appears to be small however and needs to be examined in studies that include measured GFR.
Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy versus Fenestration/Coagulation or Laser Vaporization for the Treatment of Endometriomas: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dan Han , Limin Feng
Published: June 2013

Aim: To compare outcomes after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation for the treatment of endometriomas. Methods: Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases using the terms ovarian, endometrioma or endometriosis, cystectomy, fenestration, coagulation, laser, and ablation or vaporization. The outcomes of interest were recurrence of signs/symptoms and endometrioma, reoperation, pregnancy, and ovarian reserve. Results: Seven studies were included. The risk of recurrence of signs/symptoms after surgery was significantly lower for laparoscopic cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation [risk ratio (RR): 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15-0.55; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001], as was the risk of recurrence compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; I2 = 0%; p = 0.04) and laser vaporization (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12-0.88; I2 = 0%; p = 0.03). The risk of pregnancy was significantly higher for cystectomy compared with fenestration/coagulation (RR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.49-4.69; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001), but not laser vaporization (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.30-2.80; p = 0.89). There were inadequate data for the meta-analysis of ovarian reserve. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cystectomy provides better outcomes than fenestration/coagulation or laser ablation regarding recurrence of symptoms and endometrioma as well as pregnancy rate (fenestration/coagulation only). Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of these surgical approaches on ovarian reserve.
Retrodialysis: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Applications of Reverse Microdialysis in the Skin
Authors: Melgaard L. , Hersini K.J. , Gazerani P. , Petersen L.J.
Published: June 2013

Microdialysis is a method that has been used for decades to recover endogenous mediators, metabolites and drugs from the interstitial space in several tissues of both animals and humans. The principle of microdialysis is the flux of compounds across a semipermeable membrane. The application of microdialysis as a method of drug delivery is a process referred to as retrodialysis, i.e. the introduction of a substance into the extracellular space via a microdialysis probe. Thus, microdialysis also offers opportunities to deliver mediators and drugs to target tissues by adding solutes to the perfusion medium. In this context, retrodialysis combines a method for minimally invasive delivery with a sampling method to study biological processes in health and disease. The aim of this review is to give insight into the use of retrodialysis by outlining examples of retrodialysis studies focusing on applications in skin in animal studies, human experimental investigations and clinical settings.
Skew of Plasma Low- and High-Density Lipoprotein Distributions to Less Dense Subfractions in Normotriglyceridemic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Homma Koichiro , Homma Yasuhiko , Shiina Yutaka , Wakino Shu , Suzuki Masaru , Fujishima Seitaro , Hayashi Koichi , Hori Shingo , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: June 2013

Background: Plasma levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were reported to increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis (HD), but most of these patients were hypertriglyceridemic. Plasma levels of small, dense LDL are known to increase in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Therefore, to investigate the direct effect of CKD on the distribution of LDL subfractions, we investigated the distribution of LDL subfractions in normotriglyceridemic CKD patients on HD. Methods: The levels of plasma lipoprotein subfractions and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which markedly influence the distributions of plasma LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, were compared between 40 HD patients and 40 normolipidemic controls. Plasma lipoproteins were subfractionated into seven subfractions by ultracentrifugation. Results: Plasma levels of cholesterol (C) in remnant-like particle, which is equivalent to the triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein remnant, were twice as high in HD patients as those in controls with matched TG levels. Plasma levels of C and TG in VLDL and IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein) were slightly higher in HD patients than in controls. The C/TG ratio of VLDL was significantly higher in HD patients than in controls. In comparison with the corresponding values in controls, the C and TG levels in low-density LDL and HDL2 in HD patients were high, whereas those in medium-density LDL, high-density LDL, and HDL3 were low. Plasma LCAT activity and CETP mass were lower in HD patients than in controls. Conclusion: Distribution of LDL and HDL skewed toward less dense fractions in normotriglyceridemic CKD patients on HD. A decrease in reverse C transport likely played an important role in these changes in the patients.
Anticoagulation beyond direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors: indications for targeting the intrinsic pathway?
Authors: van Montfoort Maurits , Meijers Joost
Published: June 2013

Antithrombotic drugs like vitamin K antagonists and heparin have been the gold standard for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disease for many years. Unfortunately, there are several disadvantages of these antithrombotic drugs: they are accompanied by serious bleeding problems, it is necessary to monitor the therapeutic window, and there are various interactions with food and other drugs. This has led to the development of new oral anticoagulants, specifically inhibiting either thrombin or factor Xa. In terms of effectiveness, these drugs are comparable to the currently available anticoagulants; however, they are still associated with issues such as bleeding, reversal of the drug and complicated laboratory monitoring. Vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors have in common that they target key proteins of the haemostatic system. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties we investigated whether the intrinsic coagulation factors (VIII, IX, XI, XII, prekallikrein and high-molecular-weight kininogen) are superior targets for anticoagulation. We analysed epidemiological data concerning thrombosis and bleeding in patients deficient in one of the intrinsic pathway proteins. Furthermore, we discuss several thrombotic models in intrinsic coagulation factor-deficient animals. The combined results suggest that intrinsic coagulation factors could be suitable targets for anticoagulant drugs.
Protease-activated receptors (PAR)-1 and -3 drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells – potential role in lung fibrosis
Authors: Didiasova Miroslava , Berscheid Sebastian , Piskulak Katarzyna , Taborski Brigitte , Zakrzewicz Dariusz , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Preissner Klaus , Markart Philipp
Published: June 2013

Extravascular activation of the coagulation cascade in the lung is commonly observed in pulmonary fibrosis. Coagulation proteases may exert profibrotic cellular effects via protease-activated receptors (PARs)-1 and -2. Here, we investigated the potential role of two other members of the PAR family, namely PAR-3 and PAR-4, in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis. Elevated expression of PAR-3, but not PAR-4, was detected in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Increased PAR-3 expression in fibrotic lungs was mainly attributable to alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Stimulation of primary mouse ATII, MLE15 and A549 cells with thrombin (FIIa) – that may activate PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4 – induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that has been suggested to be a possible mechanism underlying the expanded (myo)fibroblast pool in lung fibrosis. EMT was evidenced by morphological alterations, expression changes of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype markers, and functional changes. Single knockdown of FIIa receptors, PAR-1, PAR-3, or PAR-4, had no major impact on FIIa-induced EMT. Simultaneous depletion of PAR-1 and PAR-3, however, almost completely inhibited this process, whereas only a partial effect on FIIa-mediated EMT was observed when PAR-1 and PAR-4, or PAR-3 and PAR-4 were knocked down. PAR-1 and PAR-3 co-localise within ATII cells with both being predominantely plasma membrane associated. In conclusion, our study indicates that PARs synergise to mediate FIIa-induced EMT and provides first evidence that PAR-3 via its ability to potentiate FIIa-triggered EMT could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Antibodies against thrombin in dengue patients contain both anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities
Authors: Chuang Yung-Chun , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Hsiao-Sheng , Wang Jen-Reng , Yeh Trai-Ming
Published: June 2013

Dengue virus (DENV) infection may result in severe life-threatening Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The mechanisms causing haemorrhage in those with DHF are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies against human thrombin were increased in the sera of Dengue patients but not in that of patients infected with other viruses. To further characterise the properties of these antibodies, affinity-purified anti-thrombin antibodies (ATAs) were collected from Dengue patient sera by thrombin and protein A/L affinity columns. Most of the ATAs belonged to the IgG class and recognized DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). In addition, we found that dengue patient ATAs also cross-reacted with human plasminogen (Plg). Functional studies in vitro indicated that Dengue patient ATAs could inhibit thrombin activity and enhance Plg activation. Taken together, these results suggest that DENV NS1-induced thrombin and Plg cross-reactive antibodies may contribute to the development of haemorrhage in patients with DHF by interfering with coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Acute pulmonary embolism during warfarin therapy and long-term risk of recurrent fatal pulmonary embolism
Authors: Moutzouris John Paul , Chow Vincent , Chung Tommy , Curnow Jennifer , Kritharides Leonard , Chwan Ng Austin Chin
Published: June 2013

The clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) during treatment with warfarin have not been described. Clinical details of all patients admitted to a tertiary institution from 2000-2007 with acute PE were retrieved retrospectively, baseline warfarin status and the international normalised ratio (INR) were recorded, and their outcomes tracked using a statewide death registry. Of 923 patients with clearly documented warfarin status included in this study, 83 (9%) were taking warfarin. Mean (± standard deviation) day-1 INR of those taking warfarin was 2.3 ± 0.9, with 67% of patients therapeutically anti-coagulated (INR ≥2.0) at presentation (49 patients with INR <2.5 and 34 with INR ≥2.5). Patients taking warfarin on admission were more likely to have heart failure, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, with similar prevalence of malignancy and ischaemic heart disease, compared to patients not on warfarin. Total mortality of the cohort (mean follow-up 4.0 ± 2.5 years) was 31.6% (in-hospital mortality 1.5%), and was similar between warfarin and no warfarin groups. There was however a greater than four-fold increased risk of post-discharge death due to recurrent PE for the patients taking warfarin on admission (hazard ratio [HR] 4.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-14.42, p=0.01). Among patients taking warfarin on admission, day-1 INR <2.5 significantly increased long-term all-cause mortality compared to INR ≥2.5 (adjusted HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.08-5.86, p=0.03). In conclusion, patients presenting with PE during treatment with warfarin have an increased risk of death from recurrent PE. Admission INR appears to have independent long-term prognostic importance in these patients.
Lineage of Bone Marrow–Derived Cells in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Iwata Hiroshi , Manabe Ichiro , Nagai Ryozo
Published: June 2013

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by lipids and other atherogenic factors. It is characterized by a dynamic and complex pathological process of bone marrow–derived cells playing divergent roles. Recent studies have begun unraveling the contribution of growing varieties of subsets of immune cells and other bone marrow–derived cells to atherogenesis. For example, bone marrow–derived vascular progenitor cells have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of contributions of bone marrow–derived cells to atherosclerosis. Particular focus is placed on myeloid cells and vascular progenitor cells. We also summarize the uncertainty surrounding cellular lineage identity and functions. Expansion of our understanding of pathological roles of various subsets of bone marrow–derived cells in atherosclerosis may lead to identification of novel cellular and molecular targets for development of therapeutic strategies.
Nomenclator botanicus for the neotropical genus Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae)
Authors: GOLDENBERG RENATO , ALMEDA FRANK , CADDAH MAYARA K. , MARTINS ANGELA B. , MEIRELLES JULIA , MICHELANGELI FABIAN A. , WEISS MARKUS
Published: June 2013

Miconia has 1057 species and is the largest genus of woody flowering plants with a distribution restricted to tropical America. These species occur from Mexico (79 spp) to Argentina (10) and Uruguay (1), and attain highest richness in Colombia (338 spp), Peru (302), Brazil (274), Ecuador (254) and Venezuela (212). More than half of the species belong to only three sections (Miconia with 245, Cremanium with 223, and Amblyarrhena with 212). The other sections are Chaenopleura (86 spp), Glossocentrum (82), Tamonea (71), Octomeris (59), Jucunda (23), Laceraria (19), Chaenanthera (17), Hartigia (7), and Adenodesma (6), while seven species have not been assigned to any section. In this nomenclator we attempt to enumerate all currently accepted species of Miconia with place of publication, information on types, synonymy, sectional placement, and distributional notes organized by country.
Ivalia Jacoby—a flea beetle genus new to Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: NADEIN KONSTANTIN S.
Published: June 2013

The genus Ivalia Jacoby, 1887 is recorded from Australia for the first time with descriptions of three new species, Ivalia reidi sp. nov., Ivalia iridescens sp. nov., and Ivalia lescheni sp. nov., from Queensland and New South Wales. A check-list of 66 species of Ivalia and a key to the Australian species are provided. New replacement names proposed are Ivalia samuelsoni nom. nov. for Ivalia bella (Samuelson, 1966), a secondary homonym of Ivalia bella (Chen, 1934) and Ivalia gruevi nom. nov. for Ivalia castanea (Gruev, 1985a), a secondary homonym of Ivalia castanea (Samuelson, 1966).
Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Tuscan Archipelago (Italy)
Authors: CIANFERONI FABIO , ROCCHI SAVERIO , TERZANI FABIO
Published: June 2013

This paper provides the first checklists for Nepomorpha (12 spp.), Gerromorpha (10 spp.) and Leptopodomopha (5 spp.) of the Tuscan Archipelago; summarizing and updating the knowledge for this area. The presence of the family Micronec-tidae is recorded for the first time in the Archipelago, as well as six species: Nepomorpha — Micronecta scholtzi (Fieber, 1860), Sigara selecta (Fieber, 1848), S. stagnalis (Leach, 1817), S. lateralis (Leach, 1817); Gerromorpha — Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860); Leptopodomorpha — Saldula palustris (Douglas, 1874); increasing the numbers of aquatic Heteroptera sensu lato from 21 to 27 species. The three infraorders are present in only four of the seven major islands of the Tuscan Archipelago (Capraia, Elba, Montecristo and Giglio). The Isle of Elba has been scarcely investigated until now: ten spe-cies are newly recorded for this island (doubling the number to 20 spp.), whilst another species has been first recorded for Giglio Island. The most remarkable finding is Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860) on Elba, a species inhabiting marshy areas that is very rare to Italy. Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758 is excluded from the fauna of the Tuscan Archipelago.
Full title of manuscript: Five new species of the genus Hylaeus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from China
Authors: CHEN HUAN , XU HUANLI
Published: June 2013

Five new species, Hylaeus (Hylaeus) wuae sp. nov., H. (Hylaeus) napacus sp. nov., H. (Hylaeus) neatifrons sp. nov., H. (Hylaeus) bimaculatus sp. nov. and Hylaeus (Prosopis) ikudomei sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Yunnan, Chi-na. The diagnosis of each species is provided. In addition, Hylaeus cardioscapus Сockerell, 1924 is recorded from China for the first time.