bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transversalización investigativa en la producción del conocimiento científico
Authors: Oyola Palomo Yanilsa Milena , Larreal Bracho Alonso José
Published: April 2023

La investigación formativa se ha cristalizado como un proceso investigativo pertinente en los establecimientos educativos por lo tanto se ha convertido en un elemento que permitió transversalizar el modelo de construcción de conocimiento, por eso en este artículo se realiza una mención especial a fin de aclarar los conceptos necesarios para brindar una mejor comprensión. Por consiguiente, este artículo recopila las nociones teóricas más importante de los diversos autores reconocidos internacionalmente, estableciendo las representaciones y las tendencias contemporáneas que se establecen desde diferentes instituciones que articulen el fortalecimiento de la formación investigativa y la construcción del conocimiento. Por otra parte, se ejecutó una pesquisa sistémica de diferentes artículos de investigación, tesis de grado, libros y variados textos científicos donde se afrontan las temáticas mencionadas desde la praxis docente.
Seguimiento del Cumplimiento de los Ods en la Política Publica de los entes territoriales a partir del Componente Presupuestal: Caso Puerto Colombia
Authors: Sulbaran Siado Sofia , Giraldo Castro Octavio , Mendoza Hernandez Martha , Jara Avila Dayana , Suarez Geronimo Jaime , Romero Hernandez Natanael
Published: April 2023

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible son un reto para muchos paises desde hace varios años, para Colombia la hoja de ruta para su cumplimiento se encuentra registrada en el documento CONPES 3918 del 2018, cuyo fin es promover la articulación de las metas establecidas en los ODS con los procesos gubernamentales, legislativos y económicos del país. La presente investigación abarca un análisis del cumplimiento de los ODS en el Municipio de Puerto Colombia para los periodo comprendido entre los años 2016 y 2019, teniendo en cuenta el plan de desarrollo del municipio, las acciones e inversiones realizadas durante este periodo. Dentro de los resultados se resalta la desinformación pública disponible del municipio en relación a los ODS, la carencia de indicadores de seguimiento cumplimiento para evaluar los ODS y un resguardo económico de los procesos.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTI-LAYERED CHALLENGE TO SOUTH ASIA
Authors: Vishwanathan Arun
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is definitely an unprecedented challenge to the international comity of nations as it has gripped the entire world with over 600 million (over 60 crore) confirmed cases and over 6.4 million (64 lakh) deaths since it was first detected in Wuhan in the People’s Republic of China. The world has been witness to other pandemics in the recent past like the H1N1 Swine Flu in the spring of 2009, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in November 2002. This article will look at three aspects of how the pandemic has affected our societies. Firstly, the pandemic has forced us to change our normal social behaviour and requires a cognitive change in many cases in how we socialise, carry out our daily activities. Second, it has hastened a spread of digital tools and techniques for education and business but at the same time has also widened the ‘digital divide’ given the access to multiple devices and robust internet is not very equitably distributed in the South Asian region. Thirdly, the pandemic has also brought to the fore the importance of science communication which was essential in ensuring that the public at large got vaccinated in large numbers, took, preventive measures like sanitising their hands and wearing face masks.
GROWTH OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS IN INDIA-: A COMPARATIVE STUDY- PRE AND DURING COVID-19
Authors: Rabidas Dr. Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of the study is to measure the progress, reasons for shifting from cash payment to digital payment in pre and during the Covid-19. NEFT, RTGS, UPI, Internet Banking, debit card and credit card have been included in digital transactions. Three variables like impact of lockdown, social distancing, digital and financial literacy have been taken in the study. To collect the primary data a well structured questionnaire was designed and circulated through emails and social platforms to 500 respondents.360 respondents returned the questionnaire after giving information. Data has been interpreted using the Chi-Square test. In the study it is found that discussed factors have a significant impact on growth of digital payments. Due to government law, consumers' perceptions, change in buying behavior, health safety issues and dire need of time in a pandemic, digital payment has grown sharply. Customers have shifted towards digital payments. During Covid -19 small vendors like vegetable seller, kirana store were using digital devices to accept payment. On the other hand, It is observed that there is a sharp decline in the holding of Cash. Carrying of cash attract various issues like chances of theft, wait in queue for withdrawal of cash from ATM, non availability of cash in the ATM, Unnecessary Carrying of ATM card.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendeteksian Fraud: Pengalaman Audit, Kompetensi dan Skeptisme Profesionalis (Literature Review Audit)
Authors: Subekti Heru , Kuntadi Cris
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article aims to determine audit experience, competence, and professional skepticism in detecting fraud. This article was carried out by conducting a literature study from various studies that have been done. This article reviews the factors that influence fraud detection: competency, professionalism, and audit experience, a study of audit literature. The results of this literature review article are: 1) audit experience has an effect on fraud detection; 2) dose effect on fraud detection; and 3) professional skepticism has an effect on fraud detection.
Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman audit, kompetensi, dan skeptisme profesional dalam mendeteksi fraud. Artikel ini dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur dari berbagai penelitian yag sudah dilakukan. Artikel ini mereview faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendeteksian fraud, yaitu: kompetensi, profesionalisme dan pengalaman audit, suatu studi literatur audit. Hasil artikel literature review ini adalah:  1) pengalaman audit berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian fraud; 2) kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian fraud; dan 3) skeptismie profesional berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian fraud.
Phytochemical screening and assay of micro-constituents and macronutrients of oak cork fruits
Authors: BOUGHRARA Boudjema , HADDAG Hamza , LEGSEIR Belgacem
Published: April 2023

The medicinal plants play a great role in the treatment of a lot of different diseases. The use of remedies and the therapeutic qualities of plants are gaining renewed interest thanks to the improvement of extraction techniques and advances in structural analysis methods for the discovery of new active substances. The objective of our study was designed for the determination of micro constituents polyphenols (pericarps 10.13±0.46 GAE mg/g DM, almonds 9.12±0.26 GAE mg/g DM), and macronutrients sugars (almonds 1.84±0.08 mg/g DM), pericarps (0.494±0.02 mg/g DM), proteins (almonds 3.82±0.04 g/100g DM pericarps 1.74± 0.01 g/100g DM), present in oak cork fruits, and which play a very important role. We were interested in determining their content in dried, powdered oak cork fruits (acorns). The carried out phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, the presence of these compounds attribute to this species several therapeutic and pharmacological characteristics. The extraction of secondary and primary metabolites by the use of organic solvents gave significant portions that testify the richness of this species in active ingredients. This species (oak cork fruits) should be put in valor as well as complement or food and making the parapharmaceutical products.
The HH 24 Complex: Jets, Multiple Star Formation, and Orphaned Protostars
Authors: Reipurth Bo , Bally J. , Yen Hsi-Wei , Arce H. G. , Rodríguez L.-F. , Raga A. C. , Geballe T. R. , Rao R. , Comerón F. , Mikkola S. , Aspin C. A. , Walawender J.
Published: April 2023

The HH 24 complex harbors five collimated jets emanating from a small protostellar multiple system. We have carried out a multiwavelength study of the jets, their driving sources, and the cloud core hosting the embedded stellar system, based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, Subaru, Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m, Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescopes. The data show that the multiple system, SSV 63, contains at least 7 sources, ranging in mass from the hydrogen-burning limit to proto-Herbig Ae stars. The stars are in an unstable nonhierarchical configuration, and one member, a borderline brown dwarf, is moving away from the protostellar system with 25 km s−1, after being ejected ∼5800 yr ago as an orphaned protostar. Five of the embedded sources are surrounded by small, possibly truncated, disks resolved at 1.3 mm with ALMA. Proper motions and radial velocities imply jet speeds of 200–300 km s−1. The two main HH 24 jets, E and C, form a bipolar jet system that traces the innermost portions of parsec-scale chains of Herbig–Haro and H2 shocks with a total extent of at least 3 pc. H2CO and C18O observations show that the core has been churned and continuously fed by an infalling streamer. 13CO and 12CO trace compact, low-velocity, cavity walls carved by the jets and an ultracompact molecular outflow from the most embedded object. Chaotic N-body dynamics likely will eject several more of these objects. The ejection of stars from their feeding zones sets their masses. Dynamical decay of nonhierarchical systems can thus be a major contributor to establishing the initial mass function.
Modeling Two First Hydrostatic Core Candidates Barnard 1b-N and 1b-S
Authors: Duan 段 Hao-Yuan 皓元 , Lai 賴 Shih-Ping 詩萍 , Hirano 平野 Naomi 尚美 , Thieme 陸 Travis J. 哲軒
Published: April 2023

A first hydrostatic core (FHC) is proposed to form after the initial collapse of a prestellar core, as a seed of a Class 0 protostar. FHCs are difficult to observe because they are small, compact, embedded, and short lived. In this work, we explored the physical properties of two well-known FHC candidates, B1-bN and B1-bS, by comparing interferometric data from Submillimeter Array (SMA) 1.1 and 1.3 mm and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 870 μm observations with simulated synthesis images of the two sources. The simulated images are based on a simple model containing a single, hot compact first-core-like component at the center surrounded by a large-scale, cold and dusty envelope described by a broken power-law density distribution with an index, α. Our results show that the hot compact components of B1-bN and B1-bS can be described by temperatures of ∼500 K with a size of ∼4 au, which are in agreement with theoretical predictions of an FHC. If the α inside the broken radii is fixed to −1.5, we find α ∼−2.9 and ∼−3.3 outside the broken radii for B1-bN and B1-bS, respectively, consistent with theoretical calculations of a collapsing, bounded envelope and previous observations. Comparing the density and temperature profiles of the two sources with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of an FHC, we find both sources lie close to, but before, the second collapse stage. We suggest that B1-bS may have started the collapsing process earlier compared to B1-bN, since a larger discontinuity point is found in its density profile.
SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Calzadilla Michael S. , Bleem Lindsey E. , McDonald Michael , Gladders Michael D. , Mantz Adam B. , Allen Steven W. , Bayliss Matthew B. , Eilers Anna-Christina , Floyd Benjamin , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Khullar Gourav , Kim Keunho J. , Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Somboonpanyakul Taweewat , Stalder Brian , Stark Antony A. ,   SPT collaboration
Published: April 2023

We present the discovery of the most distant, dynamically relaxed cool core cluster, SPT-CL J2215−3537 (SPT2215), and its central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at z = 1.16. Using new X-ray observations, we demonstrate that SPT2215 harbors a strong cool core with a central cooling time of 200 Myr (at 10 kpc) and a maximal intracluster medium cooling rate of 1900 ± 400 M
⊙ yr−1. This prodigious cooling may be responsible for fueling the extended, star-forming filaments observed in Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Based on new spectrophotometric data, we detect bright [O ii] emission in the BCG, implying an unobscured star formation rate (SFR) of

320

−
140

+
230

M
⊙ yr−1. The detection of a weak radio source (2.0 ± 0.8 mJy at 0.8 GHz) suggests ongoing feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN), though the implied jet power is less than half the cooling luminosity of the hot gas, consistent with cooling overpowering heating. The extreme cooling and SFR of SPT2215 are rare among known cool core clusters, and it is even more remarkable that we observe these at such high redshift, when most clusters are still dynamically disturbed. The high mass of this cluster, coupled with the fact that it is dynamically relaxed with a highly isolated BCG, suggests that it is an exceptionally rare system that must have formed very rapidly in the early universe. Combined with the high SFR, SPT2215 may be a high-z analog of the Phoenix cluster, potentially providing insight into the limits of AGN feedback and star formation in the most massive galaxies.
GALLIFRAY—A Geometric Modeling and Parameter Estimation Framework for Black Hole Images Using Bayesian Techniques
Authors: Saurabh  , Nampalliwar Sourabh
Published: April 2023

Recent observations of the galactic centers of M87 and the Milky Way with the Event Horizon Telescope have ushered in a new era of black-hole-based tests of fundamental physics using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Since it is a nascent field, there are several different modeling and analysis approaches in vogue (e.g., geometric and physical models, visibility and closure amplitudes, agnostic and multimessenger priors). We present GALLIFRAY, an open-source, Python-based framework for estimation/extraction of parameters using VLBI data. It is developed with modularity, efficiency, and adaptability as the primary objectives. This article outlines the design and usage of GALLIFRAY. As an illustration, we fit a geometric and a physical model to simulated data sets using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and find good convergence of the posterior distribution. We conclude with an outline of further enhancements currently in development.
Calibration Target Selection for the SPARCS Satellite
Authors: Frymire Alexandra , Ardila David
Published: April 2023

The Star–Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is an upcoming NASA mission to understand the impact of low-mass stellar radiation on exoplanets. SPARCS will obtain photometric observations of low-mass stars in two bands: 153–171 nm (Far-UV; FUV) and 258–308 nm (Near-UV; NUV). SPARCS’ absolute calibration will be derived by observing White Dwarfs (WDs). WD selected as SPARCS calibrators should vary ≤7%. Here we present a study of UV variability of potential WD calibrators, based on Galaxy Evolution Explorer and HST/UVIS photometric observations. We collected data on a sample of 29 WDs from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes and identified 8 potential SPARCS calibration targets in the NUV and 5 in the FUV, for a total of 10 distinct targets. Statistical analysis shows variability <3% in both bands. For some stars, the intrinsic astrophysical variability is smaller than these limits.
Diffusion Coefficients of 56Fe in C–O and O–Ne White Dwarfs
Authors: Caplan Matthew E.
Published: April 2023

The diffusion coefficients of neutron rich nuclei in crystallizing white dwarf (WD) stars are essential microphysics input for modeling the evolution of the composition profile. Recently, molecular dynamics simulations have been used to compute diffusion coefficients for realistic mixtures of C–O and O–Ne WDs with many trace nuclides that could be important sedimentary heat sources such as 22Ne, 23Na, 25Mg, and 27Mg. In this brief note, I repeat these simulations but now include 56Fe. I find that for the large charge ratios involved in these mixtures the empirical law developed in our earlier work tends to under-predict diffusion coefficients in the moderately coupled regime by 30%–40%. As this formalism is presently implemented in the stellar evolution code MESA, it is important for authors studying mixtures containing heavy nuclides like 56Fe to be aware of these systematics. However, the impact on astrophysics is expected to be small.
Analysis of fall risk increasing drugs on Morse Fall Scale in geriatric patients (a study at geriatric outpatient clinic Airlangga University Teaching Hospital)
Authors: Yulistiani Yulistiani , Utomo Febriansyah Nur , Nugroho Cahyo Wibisono , Izzati Yasmin N.
Published: April 2023

Falls are the geriatric syndromes that become one of the main causes of injury, even death in the elderly. It is known that one of the risk factors for falling is the use of certain drugs that have the effect of orthostatic hypotension, sedation, balance disruptions, and other side effects. This study aims to examine the risk of falling based on Morse scale of geriatric patient that use fall-risk drug. Retrospective data were taken from e-prescriptions for geriatric patients and interviews with the patients to determine the risk of falling based on the Morse scale. The results showed that 115 patients who used the fall-risk drug had an average risk of falling from mild to moderate. The high fall-risk drug used by most patients was gabapentin (43%), the moderate fall-risk drug was candesartan (60%), and the low fall-risk drug was furosemide (9%). Patients with the total of 71% received a combination of two to four fall-risk drugs. Total MFRS of ≥6 was 53% patients, meaning that the patients’ using of drugs needed to be evaluated. From the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the number of fall risk drugs received by patients was not associated to the risk of falling in geriatric patients, while increasing the dose of high fall-risk drugs such as gabapentin, increased the fall risk level in geriatric patients. From the result of this study, it is known that fall-risk drugs are widely used by patients, hence it is necessary to increase the awareness of falling in geriatric patients.
Petrocodon wui (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China
Authors: Zhang Ren-Bo , Deng Tan , Li Nan , Wen Fang
Published: April 2023

Petrocodon wui F.Wen & R.B.Zhang (Gesneriaceae), a typically lithophyte occurring in the Danxia areas of north-western Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated as new to science. The new species shows overall similarity with P. chishuiensis Z.B.Xin, F.Wen & S.B.Zhou, which is also its sister species, based on molecular evidence. The new species can be distinguished from P. chishuiensis by the elongated rhizome, the relatively long indumentum on the peduncle, the shape, size and indumentum of calyx lobes, the location of the stamens in the corolla tube and the shape, size and indumentum of the stigma. We provide a diagnosis, detailed description, photographic images and a table with taxonomic notes to distinguish several other morphologically similar Petrocodon species.
Refined stability of the additive, quartic and sextic functional equations with counter-examples
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Aydi Hassen , De la Sen Manuel
Published: April 2023

In this study, we utilize the direct method (Hyers approach) to examine the refined stability of the additive, quartic, and sextic functional equations in modular spaces with and without the $ \Delta _{2} $-condition. We also use the direct approach to discuss the Ulam stability in $ 2 $-Banach spaces. Ultimately, we ensure that stability of above equations does not hold in a particular scenario by utilizing appropriate counter-examples.
A study of quadratic Diophantine fuzzy sets with structural properties and their application in face mask detection during COVID-19
Authors: Zia Muhammad Danish , Al-Sabri Esmail Hassan Abdullatif , Yousafzai Faisal , Khan Murad-ul-Islam , Ismail Rashad , Khalaf Mohammed M.
Published: April 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying face masks with artificial intelligence was a crucial challenge for decision support systems. To address this challenge, we propose a quadratic Diophantine fuzzy decision-making model to rank artificial intelligence techniques for detecting masks, aiming to prevent the global spread of the disease. Our paper introduces the innovative concept of quadratic Diophantine fuzzy sets (QDFSs), which are advanced tools for modeling the uncertainty inherent in a given phenomenon. We investigate the structural properties of QDFSs and demonstrate that they generalize various fuzzy sets. In addition, we introduce essential algebraic operations, set-theoretical operations, and aggregation operators. Finally, we present a numerical case study that applies our proposed algorithms to select a unique face mask detection method and evaluate the effectiveness of our techniques. Our findings demonstrate the viability of our mask identification methodology during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Some fixed point	results for nonlinear contractive conditions in ordered proximity spaces	with an application
Authors: Binbaşıoǧlu Demet
Published: April 2023

In this article, we use the concept of proximity spaces to prove common fixed point results for mappings satisfying generalized ($ \psi $, $ \beta $)-Geraghty contraction type mapping in partially ordered proximity spaces. Finally, we investigate an application to endorse our results.
Stability and persistence analysis of a microorganism flocculation model with infinite delay
Authors: Nan Jiaxin , Ma Wanbiao
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the global stability and persistence of a microorganism flocculation model with infinite delay. First, we make a complete theoretical analysis on the local stability of the boundary equilibrium (microorganism-free equilibrium) and the positive equilibrium (microorganism co-existent equilibrium), and give a sufficient condition for the global stability of the boundary equilibrium (applicable to the forward bifurcation and the backward bifurcation). Then, for the persistence of the model, we present an explicit estimate of the eventual lower bound of any positive solution for which only the parameter threshold $ R_0 > 1 $ is required. The obtained results extend some of the conclusions of the existing literatures on the case of discrete time delay.
PERFIL DOS CIRURGIÕES DENTISTAS E SUA ATUAÇÃO EM TRATAMENTO RESTAURADOR ATRAUMÁTICO (ART) NOS SERVIÇOS DE ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL – PARANÁ
Authors: Lazzarin Helen Cristina , Weirich Gabriel Canevese , Weirich Gabriel Canevese , Semim Guilherme Luã , Semim Guilherme Luã
Published: April 2023

O Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) é um método efetivo e econômico em que não utiliza anestesia e preconiza a realização de preparos cavitários minimamente invasivos, utilizando apenas instrumentos manuais para a remoção da dentina infectada. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a percepção dos cirurgiões dentistas (CD’s) quanto à aplicabilidade do ART nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Cascavel, Paraná. Essa é uma pesquisa descritiva baseada em um questionário autoaplicável que apresenta 10 questões com dois tipos de informação, uma de caráter pessoal do profissional que se refere ao perfil dos CD’s e o outro quanto à percepção e prática da técnica ART. Avaliou-se 40 CD’s com idade entre 20 e 60 anos em que a maioria (85%) possuía pós-graduação cursada e 92,5% relataram ter conhecimento sobre a técnica ART. Quanto à indicação do procedimento, 12,5% responderam corretamente, afirmando ser um procedimento definitivo e 97,5% dos profissionais acreditam na eficácia dessa técnica. A maioria dos CD’s (85%) se sente preparado para realizar o ART e 72,5% relatou apresentar grande sucesso com a aplicação da técnica, com 97,5% deles indicando sua aplicação na rede pública de saúde. É um procedimento aplicado em clínicas odontológicas como também em ambientes não clínicos segundo 77,5% dos CD’s e deve ser realizada tanto para dentes decíduos como permanentes para 90% dos profissionais. Conclui-se que a maioria dos profissionais obtiveram resultados positivos com alto índice de sucesso da técnica ART e concordam com o emprego desse procedimento no sistema público de saúde.
ANÁLISE DA DESCARGA DE PESO E EQUILÍBRIO EM INDIVÍDUOS AMPUTADOS NA FASE DE PÓS PROTETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Liberato Dias Aline , Moura Amanda , Dei Tos Débora , CatarimFabiano Lilian
Published: April 2023

Os indivíduos que sofrem amputação podem apresentar diversas dificuldades e limitações em sua funcionalidade por conta de alterações como o déficit de equilíbrio corporal e a biomecânica da descarga de peso entre o membro não amputado e o membro protetizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a descarga de peso em relação ao tempo de amputação nos indivíduos protetizados e a influência no equilíbrio corporal. Participaram 6 indivíduos, sendo avaliados por um questionário abordando as características da amputação, como também a descarga de peso bilateral com uso de duas balanças digitais e testes específicos com intuito de avaliar o equilíbrio como romberg, romberg sensibilizado e TUG. Nos resultados foram encontradas diversas disfunções nos amputados, como a presença de dor fantasma, maior descarga de peso no membro íntegro nos indivíduos com menor tempo de amputação tendo correlação negativa fraca (r= -0,37) e alterações no equilíbrio corporal. Contudo, de acordo com os resultados expostos, visto que o indivíduo amputado apresenta limitações, o tratamento da fisioterapia é de grande importância para eficácia nas fases de protetização através de orientações, treinamento de força, propriocepção e equilíbrio.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DA ELETROLIPÓLISE, CRIOLIPÓLISE, ULTRASSOM E A ASSOCIAÇÃO DESTES COM TERAPIAS COMBINADAS NA GORDURA LOCALIZADA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Aparecida Chaves Forato Giane , Dei Tos Débora , Cristina Rafael Ognibeni Luciana
Published: April 2023

A gordura localizada está cada vez mais presente na vida das mulheres, como a obesidade vem crescendo dia após dia. Com isso a busca de tratamentos na área de dermatofuncional tem alavancado nas intervenções não cirúrgicas. As intervenções como a eletrolipólise, criolipólise e o uso do ultrassom são hoje alguns tipos de tratamento que podem ser utilizados na redução das medidas, melhora na qualidade de vida e saúde mental das mulheres mundialmente. Diante disto, esta revisão de literatura objetivou avaliar a eficácia dos tratamentos através de artigos sobre as terapias utilizando: a eletrolipólise, o uso do ultrassom e a criolipólise e a associação deste a terapias combinadas para o tratamento de gordura localizada. Os métodos utilizados foram a busca de artigos de estudo de caso, na base de dados de PubMed, LILACS, EBSCO e Google acadêmico, utilizando os descritores de busca. Baseando nisso, os resultados obtidos foram que o uso de tais intervenções quando utilizado fielmente e seguindo os protocolos sugeridos pela literatura, podem reduzir medidas. Porém, necessitam de mais estudos para melhores afirmações.
Forward-­Backward Propagation to Identify the Maximum Specific Growth Rates of a Bioreactor
Authors: Borsali Salima
Published: April 2023

In this article, we are interested in identifying the parameters of an aerobic bioprocess modelused for wastewater treatment. In the field of biotechnology, various computer bugs caused by roundingerrors can induce an error interval that is too wide during data acquisition. For this reason, weare testing a new identification method using a set method based on interval arithmetic. The processstudied is the chemical transformation of ammoniacal nitrogen which takes place in two stages: Reactionof nitrificationdenitrification.The parameters chosen for the identification are the yields andthe maximum growth rates. Initially, the study of observability by a differential algebraic method willsimplify the study of the mathematical model. This nonlinear model is described by six differentialequations. Subsequently, we apply a set method, in particular the propagation of constraints also calledforwardbackward propagation, this technique allowed us to determine intervals containing the variablereturns as well as the maximum specific growth rates defined from the Monod model which describesthe operation of the bioreactor. This method also guarantees the result by rejecting all inconsistentvalues.
APE2 Promotes AID-Dependent Somatic Hypermutation in Primary B Cell Cultures That Is Suppressed by APE1
Authors: Schrader Carol E , Williams Travis , Pechhold Klaus , Linehan Erin K , Tsuchimoto Daisuke , Nakabeppu Yusaku
Published: April 2023

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is necessary for Ab diversification and involves error-prone DNA repair of activation-induced cytidine deaminase–induced lesions in germinal center (GC) B cells but can also cause genomic instability. GC B cells express low levels of the DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease (APE)1 and high levels of its homolog APE2. Reduced SHM in APE2-deficient mice suggests that APE2 promotes SHM, but these GC B cells also exhibit reduced proliferation that could impact mutation frequency. In this study, we test the hypothesis that APE2 promotes and APE1 suppresses SHM. We show how APE1/APE2 expression changes in primary murine spleen B cells during activation, impacting both SHM and class-switch recombination (CSR). High levels of both APE1 and APE2 early after activation promote CSR. However, after 2 d, APE1 levels decrease steadily with each cell division, even with repeated stimulation, whereas APE2 levels increase with each stimulation. When GC-level APE1/APE2 expression was engineered by reducing APE1 genetically (apex1+/−) and overexpressing APE2, bona fide activation-induced cytidine deaminase–dependent VDJH4 intron SHM became detectable in primary B cell cultures. The C terminus of APE2 that interacts with proliferating cell nuclear Ag promotes SHM and CSR, although its ATR-Chk1–interacting Zf-GRF domain is not required. However, APE2 does not increase mutations unless APE1 is reduced. Although APE1 promotes CSR, it suppresses SHM, suggesting that downregulation of APE1 in the GC is required for SHM. Genome-wide expression data compare GC and cultured B cells and new models depict how APE1 and APE2 expression and protein interactions change during B cell activation and affect the balance between accurate and error-prone repair during CSR and SHM.
The Majority of the Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation Sites in Bcl11b Protein Are Dispensable for the Differentiation of T Cells
Authors: Okuyama Kazuki , Nomura Aneela , Nishino Kohei , Tanaka Hirokazu , Harly Christelle , Chihara Risa , Harada Yasuyo , Muroi Sawako , Kubo Masato , Kosako Hidetaka , Taniuchi Ichiro
Published: April 2023

Posttranslational modification, such as phosphorylation, is an important biological event that modulates and diversifies protein function. Bcl11b protein is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays a crucial role in early T cell development and the segregation of T cell subsets. Bcl11b possesses at least 25 serine/threonine (S/T) residues that can be phosphorylated upon TCR stimulation. To understand the physiological relevance of the phosphorylation on Bcl11b protein, we replaced S/T residues with alanine (A) by targeting murine Bcl11b gene in embryonic stem cells. By combinational targeting of exons 2 and 4 in the Bcl11b gene, we generated a mouse strain, Bcl11b-phosphorylation site mutation mice, in which 23 S/T residues were replaced with A residues. Such extensive manipulation left only five putative phosphorylated residues, two of which were specific for mutant protein, and resulted in reduced amounts of Bcl11b protein. However, primary T cell development in the thymus, as well as the maintenance of peripheral T cells, remained intact even after loss of major physiological phosphorylation. In addition, in vitro differentiation of CD4+ naive T cells into effector Th cell subsets—Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T—was comparable between wild-type and Bcl11b-phosphorylation site mutation mice. These findings indicate that the physiological phosphorylation on major 23 S/T residues in Bcl11b is dispensable for Bcl11b functions in early T cell development and effector Th cell differentiation.
Natural Microbial Exposure from the Earliest Natural Time Point Enhances Immune Development by Expanding Immune Cell Progenitors and Mature Immune Cells
Authors: Burger Sarah , Stenger Terran , Pierson Mark , Sridhar Adhvaith , Huggins Matthew A , Kucaba Tamara A , Griffith Thomas S , Hamilton Sara E , Schuldt Nathaniel J
Published: April 2023

Microbial experience fundamentally shapes immunity, particularly during the perinatal period when the immune system is underdeveloped, and novel microbial encounters are common. Most animal models are raised in specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions with relatively uniform microbial communities. How SPF housing conditions alter early-life immune development relative to natural microbial exposure (NME) has not been thoroughly investigated. In this article, we compare immune development in SPF-raised mice with mice born from immunologically experienced mothers in microbially diverse environments. NME induced broad immune cell expansion, including naive cells, suggesting mechanisms besides activation-induced proliferation contribute to the increase in immune cell numbers. We found NME conditions also expanded immune cell progenitor cell populations in the bone marrow, suggesting microbial experience enhances immune development at the earliest stages of immune cell differentiation. Multiple immune functions characteristically impaired in infants were also enhanced by NME, including T cell memory and Th1 polarization, B cell class switching and Ab production, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and bacterial clearance after Listeria monocytogenes challenge. Collectively, our studies reveal numerous impairments in immune development in SPF conditions relative to natural immune development.
The long-run effects of health aid in low-income countries
Authors: Negeri Keneni G.
Published: April 2023

Background: Whether health aid has a positive, negative, or no effect on the health status of recipient countries is controversial.Objective:  The current paper examines the long-run effect of health aid on health status in low-income countries.Methods: The long-run health function was estimated using infant mortality as a proxy for health status and panel data constructed from 34 low-income countries from 2000 to 2017. For the estimation, fixed effect, random effect, and Hausman-Taylor estimators were employed.Results: The estimation results indicate that health aid has a beneficial and statistically significant long-run effect on the health status of low-income countries. Doubling health aid saves the lives of 44 infants per 1000 live births in the long run.Conclusion: This study shows that health aid could be one of the best interim tools with which the health status of low-income groups could get improved and helps meet the target of universal health coverage. Despite the favorable effect of health aid observed in this study, recipient countries need to find ways of promoting surrogate domestic health financing systems, as external assistance cannot be an everlasting means of improving population health.
Exploring cost drivers to improve disease management: the case of type 2 diabetes at a tertiary hospital in Burundi, Africa
Authors: Hezagirwa Benitha , Riewpaiboon Arthorn , Chanjaruporn Farsai
Published: April 2023

Background: In Burundi, the International Diabetes Federation estimated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) as high as 2.4% in adults aged between 20 and 79 years old. Thus, the healthcare expenditure for the treatment of diabetic patients is considerably high.Objective: This study explores the economic burden of type 2 DM and its cost drivers at a tertiary hospital in 2018. It included adult type 2 DM patients who received treatment from a tertiary hospital (Hospital Prince Regent Charles) in 2018. In this study, 81 patients were included.Methods: Data on illness treatment and complications were collected through patient interviews and by reviewing patients’ medical and financial records. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used to explore factors affecting the cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results: The average total cost per patient per year was estimated at $2621.06. The fitted cost model had an adjusted R2 of 0.427, which explained up to 43% of the variation in the total cost. The results suggest primary cost drivers such as treatment regimen, duration of the disease, payment method, and number of complications. Conclusion: The findings confirm the profound economic burden of type 2 DM and the need to improve patient care and prevent disease progression. The establishment of a special clinic for patients with diabetes is recommended, as is financial support for underprivileged patients. A specific focus on cost drivers could help establish appropriate disease management programs to control the costs for type 2 diabetes patients.
Redo aortic valve replacement vs valve-in-valve trans-catheter aortic valve implantation: a UK propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Gatta Francesca , Haqzad Yama , Gradinariu George , Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Khalid Zubair , Suelo-Calanao Rona L. , Moawad Nader , Bashir Aladdin , Rogers Luke J. , Lloyd Clinton , Nguyen Bao , Booth Karen , Wang Lu , Al-Attar Nawwar , McDowall Neil , Watkins Stuart , Sayeed Rana , Baghdadi Saleh , D'Alessio Andrea , Monteagudo-vela Maria , Djordjevic Jasmina , Goricar Matej , Hoppe Solveig , Bocking Charlotte , Hussain Azar , Evans Betsy , Arif Salman , Malkin Christopher , Field Mark , Sandhu Kully , Harky Amer , Torky Ahmed , Uddin Mauin , Abdulhakeem Muhammad , Kenawy Ayman , Massey John , Cartwright Neil , Tyson Nathan , Nicou Niki , Baig Kamran , Jones Mark , Aljanadi Firas , Owens Colum G. , Oyebanji Tunde , Doyle Joseph , Spence Mark S. , Brennan Paul F. , Manoharan Ganesh , Ramadan Taha , Ohri Sunil , Loubani Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

This study sought to compare the morbidity and mortality of redo aortic valve replacement (redo-AVR) versus valve-in-valve trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (valve-in-valve TAVI) for patients with a failing bioprosthetic valve. A multicentre UK retrospective study of redo-AVR or valve-in-valve TAVI for patients referred for redo aortic valve intervention due to a degenerated aortic bioprosthesis. Propensity score matching was performed for confounding factors. From July 2005 to April 2021, 911 patients underwent redo-AVR and 411 patients valve-in-valve TAVI. There were 125 pairs for analysis after propensity score matching. Mean age was 75.2±8.5 years. In-hospital mortality was 7.2% (n=9) for redo-AVR vs 0 for valve-in-valve TAVI, p=0.002. Surgical patients suffered more post-operative complications, including IABP support (p=0.02), early re-operation (p<0.001), arrhythmias (p<0.001), respiratory and neurological complications (p=0.02 and p=0.03) and multi-organ failure (p=0.01). The valve-in-valve TAVI group had a shorter intensive care unit and hospital stay (p <0.001 for both). However, moderate aortic regurgitation at discharge and higher post-procedural gradients were more common after valve-in-valve TAVI (p<0.001 for both). Survival probabilities in patients who were successfully discharged from hospital were similar after valve-in-valve TAVI and redo-AVR over the 6-year follow-up (log-rank p=0.26). In elderly patients with a degenerated aortic bioprosthesis, valve-in-valve trans-catheter aortic valve implantation provides better early outcomes, as opposed to redo surgical aortic valve replacement, although there was no difference in mid-term survival in patients successfully discharged from hospital.
Pediatric perioperative fluid management
Authors: Lee Hyungmook , Kim Jin Tae
Published: April 2023

The purpose of perioperative fluid management in children is to maintain adequate volume status, electrolyte level, and endocrine system homeostasis during the perioperative period. Although hypotonic solutions containing glucose have traditionally been used as pediatric maintenance fluids, recent studies have shown that isotonic balanced crystalloid solutions lower the risk of hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis perioperatively. Isotonic balanced solutions have been found to exhibit safer and more physiologically appropriate characteristics for perioperative fluid maintenance and replacement. Additionally, adding 1–2.5% glucose to the maintenance fluid can help prevent children from developing hypoglycemia as well as lipid mobilization, ketosis, and hyperglycemia. The fasting time should be as short as possible without compromising safety; recent guidelines have recommended that the duration of clear fluid fasting be reduced to 1 h. The ongoing loss of fluid and blood as well as the free water retention induced by antidiuretic hormone secretion are unique characteristics of postoperative fluid management that must be considered. Reducing the infusion rate of the isotonic balanced solution may be necessary to avoid dilutional hyponatremia during the postoperative period. In summary, perioperative fluid management in pediatric patients requires careful attention because of the limited reserve capacity in this population. Isotonic balanced solutions appear to be the safest and most beneficial choice for most pediatric patients, considering their physiology and safety concerns.
Cost Consequence Analysis of the Management of Hyperkalemia by Patiromer and Optimization of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaheen Faissal A. M. , Meunier Aurelie , Altowaijri Abdulaziz , Al Faadhel Talal , Al-Abdulkarim Hana , AlGabash Adnan , Floros Lefteris
Published: April 2023

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) have been shown to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but are associated with an increased risk of hyperkalemia in this vulnerable population. Hyperkalemia often leads to patients’ downtitrating or discontinuing RAASi which can result in sub-optimal health outcomes. The objective is to evaluate the cost and health benefits of maintaining normokalemia using patiromer, an oral potassium binder while optimizing RAASi therapy in CKD patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The medium-to long-term costs and health outcomes of patients with CKD stage 3–4 and raised serum potassium levels (≥5.5 mmol/L) at baseline were estimated, from a Saudi Arabia payer perspective, using a Markov state-transition model simulating the natural progression of CKD depending on patients’ serum potassium level and usage of RAASi at different dosages. The analysis demonstrated that appropriate management of hyperkalemia, enabling optimization of RAASi, leads to cost and health benefits. The cost of patiromer is offset by 68% due to a reduction in management costs associated with CKD progression, hyperkalemia-related hospitalization, and cardiovascular (CV) events. Over a 10-year time horizon, a pool of 300 patients treated with patiromer experience increased life-expectancy [+3.78 life-years (LYs)] and slower disease progression, with decreased time spent in end-stage renal disease (–9.59 LYs). Patiromer may deliver value to both CKD patients and payers in Saudi Arabia, leading to better health outcomes for the former and reduced cost of management of CKD progression and CV events at low additional costs for the latter.
Collapsing Glomerulopathy Superimposed on Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Prabhu Pooja Prakash , Prakash G. K. , Vankalakunti Mahesha , Fahad Mohammed , Siddini Vishwanath , Ballal H. Sudarshan
Published: April 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by progressive increase in proteinuria and decline in renal functions. Various forms of nondiabetic kidney disease may be superimposed on DN, which can alter the progression of DN. Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) may superimpose on DN, and is characterized by rapid worsening of renal failure and has poor prognosis. In our institute, renal biopsies were performed in diabetic patients for increasing proteinuria or worsening renal functions. There were seven cases of CG superimposed on DN. All patients except one had a history of long standing diabetes mellitus. All patients had nephrotic range proteinuria. Four patients had severe renal failure at presentation. Renal biopsy showed CG superimposed on DN. Six patients progressed to end-stage renal disease during follow-up; one patient is in chronic kidney disease-stage 3b. The development of CG contributes to an increased level or new onset proteinuria in DN, and can lead to rapid worsening of renal failure. The diagnosis of CG superimposed on DN is of prognostic significance.
Medicinal and biological potential of Thuja occidentalis
Authors: Thakur Manish , Sobti Ranbir , Kaur Tejinder
Published: April 2023

There is considerable evidence from a wide range of sources, including written texts, preserved monuments, and natural plant medicines, that demonstrate the long history of humankind's search for medicinal substances in the natural world. The purpose of this article was to compare the performance of medicinal plant Thuja (T.) occidentalis in a variety of disease-relieving conditions. The current review draws on the work of nearly two hundred original research papers indexed in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the NCBI Library. The authors gatherd all the accessible data on the therapeutic effects of T. occidentalis. Although there are no published randomized controlled trials of T. occidentalis alone so far, multiple clinical investigations have validated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination herbal medication including the extract of T. occidentalis and additional immune stimulants. T. occidentalis is a plant with great potential as it is widely used in both traditional homoeopathy and modern, evidence-based phytotherapy. In vitro and in vivo models have shown its immunopharmacological potential, including its immunostimulatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral activities. More researches into these plants might be done to find out if any of them have the potential to be implemented as a novel drug to treat a wide range of conditions.
Myositis and rhabdomyolysis in scrub typhus infection
Authors: Bolla Tukaram , Bhattarai Sushmita , Singh Harpreet , Suri Vikas , Bhalla Ashish , Chatterjee Debajyoti
Published: April 2023

Rationale:

Fever with myositis and rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Scrub typhus associated myositis with rhabdomyolysis is rare.

Patient concerns:

A 36-year-old female presented with intermittent fever up to 38.6 °C, jaundice and progressive weakness of all four limbs.

Diagnosis:

Scrub typhus associated myositis and rhabdomyolysis.

Intervention:

Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily and injection of ceftriaxone 1 gm twice daily along with continuous intravenous fluids.

Outcome:

Fever resolved with normalization of liver function and recovery of muscle power.

Lessons:

Presence of myositis and rhabdomyolysis is uncommon in scrub typhus; high clinical suspicion should be kept in patients with atypical manifestations of scrub typhus.