bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Root-Secreted Compounds Involved in the Communication Between Cucumber, the Beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the Soil-Borne Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Chen Lin , Wu Gengwei , Feng Haichao , Zhang Guishan , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu
Published: December 2016

Colonization of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is critical for exerting their beneficial effects on the plant. Root exudation is a major factor influencing the colonization of both PGPR and soil-borne pathogens within the root system. However, the tripartite interaction of PGPR, plant roots, and soil-borne pathogens is poorly understood. We screened root exudates for signals that mediate tripartite interactions in the rhizosphere. In a split-root system, we found that root colonization of PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 on cucumber root was significantly enhanced by preinoculation with SQR9 or the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, whereas root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was reduced upon preinoculation with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Root exudates from cucumbers preinoculated with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were analyzed and 109 compounds were identified. Correlation analysis highlighted eight compounds that significantly correlated with root colonization of SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. After performing colonization experiments with these chemicals, raffinose and tryptophan were shown to positively affect the root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and SQR9, respectively. These results indicate that cucumber roots colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum or SQR9 increase root secretion of tryptophan to strengthen further colonization of SQR9. In contrast, these colonized cucumber roots reduce raffinose secretion to inhibit root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.
Epiphytic Survival of Pantoea ananatis on Richardia scabra L. in Georgia
Authors: Dutta Bhabesh , Anderson Faith , Smith Samuel , Gitaitis Ronald D.
Published: December 2016

Pantoea ananatis, the causal organism of center rot of onion (Allium cepa L.), can survive on different weeds but, in a previous survey, it was most commonly found on Florida pusley (Richardia scabra L.). The epiphytic survival of P. ananatis on R. scabra under different temperature and moisture regimes was investigated. Weed seedlings were spray inoculated with rifampicin-resistant strain PNA 97-1rif at either 103 or 108 CFU/ml and incubated in a growth chamber at 15.5 or 21.1°C at 65% relative humidity for 96 h postinoculation (hpi), which represented the mean environmental conditions during mid-March to mid-May in Vidalia, GA when onion production and R. scabra presence overlap. For plants inoculated with P. ananatis at 103 CFU/ml, the bacterium survived for 96 hpi when incubated at 21.1°C, with mean populations of 1.7 × 102 CFU/g of leaf tissue. In contrast, no viable bacteria were detected after 72 hpi at 15.5°C. For plants inoculated with P. ananatis at 108 CFU/ml, the bacterium survived for 96 hpi at 21.1°C (3.8 × 105 CFU/g) whereas, during the sample time period, viable bacterial populations were not detected at 15.5°C. Survival of P. ananatis on R. scabra was also monitored during alternating 12 h wet and 12 h dry periods, or continuous wet or dry periods for 96 hpi at 15.5 or 21.1°C. Compared with initial or continuous dry periods, P. ananatis survived significantly better with a 12 h wet/12 h dry cycle or a continuous 96 hpi wet period at both 15.5 and 21.1°C. Unlike at 15.5°C, P. ananatis populations (7.4 × 102 CFU/g) survived for 96 hpi at 21.1°C under a cycle of 12 h dry and 12 h wet. These results demonstrate that P. ananatis can survive on R. scabra leaves under conditions of 21.1°C and prolonged leaf wetness and may potentially serve as a source of inoculum to onion.
Races of the Celery PathogenFusarium oxysporumf. sp.apiiAre Polyphyletic
Authors: Epstein Lynn , Kaur Sukhwinder , Chang Peter L. , Carrasquilla-Garcia Noelia , Lyu Guiyun , Cook Douglas R. , Subbarao Krishna V. , O’Donnell Kerry
Published: December 2016

Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) isolates were obtained from celery with symptoms of Fusarium yellows between 1993 and 2013 primarily in California. Virulence tests and a two-gene dataset from 174 isolates indicated that virulent isolates collected before 2013 were a highly clonal population of F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 2. In 2013, new highly virulent clonal isolates, designated race 4, were discovered in production fields in Camarillo, California. Long-read Illumina data were used to analyze 16 isolates: six race 2, one of each from races 1, 3, and 4, and seven genetically diverse FOSC that were isolated from symptomatic celery but are nonpathogenic on this host. Analyses of a 10-gene dataset comprising 38 kb indicated that F. oxysporum f. sp. apii is polyphyletic; race 2 is nested within clade 3, whereas the evolutionary origins of races 1, 3, and 4 are within clade 2. Based on 6,898 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the core FOSC genome, race 3 and the new highly virulent race 4 are highly similar with Nei’s Da = 0.0019, suggesting that F. oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 evolved from race 3. Next generation sequences were used to develop PCR primers that allow rapid diagnosis of races 2 and 4 in planta.
Transcriptional signatures of connectomic subregions of the human striatum
Authors: Parkes Linden , Fulcher Ben , Yücel Murat , Fornito Alex
Published: December 2016

Functionally distinct regions of the brain are thought to possess a characteristic connectional fingerprint – a profile of incoming and outgoing connections that defines the function of that area. This observation has motivated efforts to subdivide cortical and subcortical areas using their patterns of connectivity. However, it remains unclear whether these connectomically-defined subregions of the brain can be distinguished at the molecular level. Here, we combine high-resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with comprehensive transcriptomic data to show that connectomically-defined subregions of the striatum carry distinct transcriptional signatures. Using data-driven clustering of diffusion tractography, seeded from the striatum, in 100 healthy individuals, we identify a tripartite organization of the caudate and putamen that comprises ventral, dorsal, and caudal subregions. We then use microarray data of gene expression levels in 19 343 genes, taken from 98 tissue samples distributed throughout the striatum, to accurately discriminate the three connectomically-defined subregions with 80-90% classification accuracy using linear support vector machines. This classification accuracy was robust at the group and individual level. Genes contributing strongly to the classification were enriched for gene ontology categories including dopamine signaling, glutamate secretion, response to amphetamine, and metabolic pathways, and were implicated in risk for disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, and Parkinson’s disease. Our findings highlight a close link between regional variations in transcriptional activity and interregional connectivity in the brain, and suggest that there may be a strong genomic signature of connectomically-defined subregions of the brain.
RL mechanisms of short-term plasticity of auditory cortex
Authors: Krugliakova Elena , Gorin Alexey , Shestakova Anna , Fedele Tommaso , Klucharev Vasily
Published: December 2016

The decision-making process is exposed to modulatory factors, and, according to the expected value (EV) concept the two most influential factors are magnitude of prospective behavioural outcome and probability of receiving this outcome. The discrepancy between received and predicted outcomes is reflected by the reward prediction error (RPE), which is believed to play a crucial role in learning in dynamic environment. Feedback related negativity (FRN), a frontocentral negative component registered in EEG during feedback presentation, has been suggested as a neural signature of RPE. In modern neurobiological models of decision-making the primary sensory input is assumed to be constant over the time and independent of the evaluation of the option associated to it. In this study we investigated whether the electrophysiological changes in auditory cues perception is modulated by the strengths of reinforcement signal, represented in the EEG as FRN.

We quantified the changes in sensory processing through a classical passive oddball paradigm before and after performance a neuroeconomic monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Outcome magnitude and probability were encoded in the physical characteristics of auditory incentive cues. We evaluated the association between individual biomarkers of reinforcement signal (FRN) and the degree of perceptual learning, reflected by changes in auditory ERP components (mismatch negativity and P3a). We observed a significant correlation of MMN and valence - dFRN, reflecting differential processing of gains and omission of gains. Changes in P3a were correlated to probability - dFRN, including information on salience of the outcome, in addition to its valence.

MID task performance evokes plastic changes associated with more fine-grained discrimination of auditory anticipatory cues and enhanced involuntary attention switch towards these cues. Observed signatures of neuro-plasticity of the auditory cortex may play an important role in learning and decision-making processes through facilitation of perceptual discrimination of valuable external stimuli. Thus, the sensory processing of options and the evaluation of options are not independent as implicitly assumed by the modern neuroeconomics models of decision-making.
Nomenclature of inorganic structure types. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Crystallographic Nomenclature Subcommittee on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Structure Types
Authors: Lima-de-Faria J. , Hellner E. , Liebau F. , Makovicky E. , Parthé E.
Published: December 2016

Different degrees of similarity between inorganic crystal structures are defined concisely and examples are presented that illustrate their practical application. A notation giving the coordination of atoms is presented together with some basic rules for developing crystal-chemical formulae and the Bauverband description of inorganic structure types. Typical examples of the nomenclature are: pyrite Fe[6°]{g}[S2
(3;1)t
], [F(□2l) + F′FeS2Pa\bar 3; spinel Mg[4]AI2
[6]O4, ∞
3[Mg[4t]lAl2
[6o]O4
[l,3;12co]], Fm

222 + D, T′ MgAI2O4
Fd\bar 3m.
Faceted growth of ({\bf {\overline 1}103})-oriented GaN domains on an SiO2-patterned m-plane sapphire substrate using polarity inversion
Authors: Yoon Hansub , Jue Miyeon , Jang Dongsoo , Kim Chinkyo
Published: December 2016

Heteroepitaxial growth of ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN domains on m-plane sapphire is energetically unfavourable in comparison with that of (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN domains, but the faceted domains with ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN reveal a more m-facet-dominant configuration than (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN in such a way that the quantum-confined Stark effect can be more effectively suppressed. It is reported here, for the first time, that semipolar ({\overline 1}103)-oriented and faceted GaN domains can be grown on an SiO2-patterned m-plane sapphire substrate by employing polarity inversion of initially nucleated (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN domains. This polarity inversion of semipolar GaN was found to occur when the domains were grown with a 20–37.5 times higher V/III ratio and 70 K lower growth temperature than corresponding parameters for polarity-not-inverted domains. This work opens up a new possibility of effective suppression of the quantum-confined Stark effect by polarity-controlled semipolar GaN in an inexpensive manner in comparison with homoepitaxial growth of ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN on a GaN substrate.
Quantitative X-ray pair distribution function analysis of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates: a contribution to the understanding of cement chemistry
Authors: Grangeon Sylvain , Fernandez-Martinez Alejandro , Baronnet Alain , Marty Nicolas , Poulain Agnieszka , Elkaïm Erik , Roosz Cédric , Gaboreau Stéphane , Henocq Pierre , Claret Francis
Published: December 2016

The structural evolution of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) as a function of its calcium to silicon (Ca/Si) ratio has been probed using qualitative and quantitative X-ray atomic pair distribution function analysis of synchrotron X-ray scattering data. Whatever the Ca/Si ratio, the C–S–H structure is similar to that of tobermorite. When the Ca/Si ratio increases from ∼0.6 to ∼1.2, Si wollastonite-like chains progressively depolymerize through preferential omission of Si bridging tetrahedra. When the Ca/Si ratio approaches ∼1.5, nanosheets of portlandite are detected in samples aged for 1 d, while microcrystalline portlandite is detected in samples aged for 1 year. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the tobermorite-like structure is maintained to Ca/Si > 3.
Modelling of glass-like carbon structure and its experimental verification by neutron and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Jurkiewicz K. , Duber S. , Fischer H. E. , Burian A.
Published: December 2016

Glass-like carbon is a well known carbon form that still poses many challenges for structural characterization owing to a very complex internal atomic organization. Recent research suggests that glassy carbon has a fullerene-related structure that evolves with the synthesis temperature. This article reports on direct evidence of curved planes in glassy carbons using neutron and X-ray diffraction measurements and their analysis in real space using the atomic pair distribution function formalism. Changes in the structure including the degree of curvature of the non-graphitizing glassy carbons as a function of the pyrolysis temperature in the range 800–2500°C (1073–2773 K) are studied using optimized models of the atomic structure. Averaged models of single coherent scattering domains as well as larger structural fragments consisting of thousands of atoms were relaxed using classical molecular dynamics. For such models the diffraction intensities and the pair distribution functions were computed. The compatibility of the computer-generated models was verified by comparison of the simulations with the experimental diffraction data in both reciprocal and real spaces. On the basis of features of the developed structural models for glass-like carbons, the origin of the properties such as high strength and hardness and low gas permeability can be better understood.
Phase equilibria in the ternary reciprocal system Li, Ba // BO2, F and growth of bulk β-BaB2O4 crystals
Authors: Simonova E. A. , Kokh A. E. , Kononova N. G. , Shevchenko V. S. , Kokh D. A. , Vlezko V. A. , Fedorov P. P.
Published: December 2016

In order to find the optimum solvent for the growth of nonlinear optical β-BaB2O4 crystals, the phase relationships in the ternary reciprocal system Li, Ba // BO2, F have been studied using solid state synthesis, differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. Isothermal and polythermal sections of the system Li, Ba // BO2, F are reported. In the studied system, the following compounds are formed: LiBa2B5O10 (melts by peritectic reaction at 930°C, i.e. 1203 K) and LiBaF3 (melts incongruently at 850°C, i.e. 1123 K). Visual polythermal analysis of seeding and growth of β-BaB2O4 crystals in this system was carried out. The primary crystallization field of β-BaB2O4 was defined. Using the top-seeded pulling technique, a β-BaB2O4 crystal of 93 mm in diameter, 34 mm in height and 520 g in weight has been grown.
A systematic literature review on green manufacturing concepts in cement industries
Authors: Shrivastava Sanjeev , R.L. Shrivastava
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to survey the technical performance of the cement industry including those related to procedures; groundwork of raw materials, fuels and semi-finished products for processing; accessibility of machinery, plant and equipment for various operations; arrangement and process control management.

Design/methodology/approach

A broad range of survey and research was reviewed, and all revealed the methods to recognize the key influences for development of green technology. The study explores the present scenario of green manufacturing (GM) strategies of Indian cement companies and provides the industrial ecology, ways of reducing energy consumption, environmental impact data collection, design and control of manufacturing systems and integration of product and manufacturing system. It also reveals the problems in decision-making systems owing to the impact of the green product design. Here, in this paper, all information is obtained by the medium of internet, journals, articles, and magazines.

Findings

This paper describes a problem of global warming, gas, water and other wastages emissions at the time of cement manufacturing and put forward a path that enables decision makers to assess the perception of GM in their organization and in prioritizing GM efforts.

Originality/value

This perspective survey is to provide an integrative outlook of performance methods for GM practices in the Indian cement industries. It gives important information, which expectantly will help in cement industry to adopt GM practices. This paper fills the gap in the literature on identification, establishment, and validation of performance measures of GM for Indian cement industries.
Supply chain management and quality management integration
Authors: Fernandes Ana Cristina , Sampaio Paulo , Sameiro Maria , Truong Huy Quang
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical basis for integration of quality management (QM) and supply chain management (SCM). For that purpose, some common practices of both approaches are identified as having impact on the four balanced scorecard perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

The main concepts of SCM and QM were reviewed from the literature in order to develop key practices that are common to both approaches.

Findings

The findings suggest that the synergies of QM and SCM can promote the integration of the approaches which will promote a set of significant organizational benefits.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the integration of QM and SCM through their common practices. This issue has not been broadly explored and for that reason this paper contributes to the understanding of the critical factors for an effective integration of supply chain QM.
The X-bar control chart with restriction of the capability indices
Authors: Oprime Pedro Carlos , Mendes Glauco Henrique de Sousa
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the configuration of the number (m) and size (n) of the sample in Phase I that would make it possible to detect the out-of-control (OOC) state of the process with the smallest number of samples and ensure a capability index (Cpk) that would meet the customer’s requirements.

Design/methodology/approach

The suggested approach addresses this problem using simulation techniques and design of experiments (DOE). The simulation techniques made it possible to reproduce the normal operating conditions of the process. The DOE was used to construct a predictive model for control chart performance and thus to determine combinations of m and n in Phase I that would meet the capability objectives of the process. A numerical example and a simulation study were conducted to illustrate the proposed method.

Findings

Using simulation techniques and DOE, the authors can find the number (m) and size (n) of the sample in Phase I that would make it possible to detect the OOC state of the process with the smallest number of samples and ensure a Cpk that would meet the customer’s requirements.

Originality/value

In the real situations of many companies, choosing the numbers and sizes of samples (m and n) in Phases I and II is a crucial decision in relation to implementing a control chart. The paper shows that the simulation method and use of linear regression are effective alternatives because they are better known and more easily applied in industrial settings. Therefore, the need for alternatives to the X control chart comes into play.
Application of the mixed Weibull distribution in machine reliability analysis for a cell formation problem
Authors: Ghavijorbozeh Reza , Zeinal Hamadani Ali
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the consequence of the use of mixed Weibull distribution in the cell formation problem. In reliability theory, a mixed distribution is used for more than one hazard cause, and the Weibull distribution can be used for ascendant, monotonous and descendant failure rate. Here, the authors mixed these two theme and use it in a common problem in group technology.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors made a non-polynomial-hard mathematical model based on past research and solved it with an exact algorithm. The algorithm is coded and solved in GAMS to illustrate the model, and the authors use simulation. A common numerical example is solved with the model, and the results are compared.

Findings

Reliability analysis model based on the mixed Weibull distribution approach will give options to a user to select the suitable failure rate and modes for a specific situation. If the user uses the exponential or Weibull distribution instead of the mixed Weibull distribution, the calculated cost and reliability are wrong; therefore, it leads to user making wrong decisions.

Originality/value

The model the authors use is the one used in past research, but in the past, researchers did not use the mixed distribution for explaining failure time. Therefore, the model can be considered as a new and more complete model.
Stochastic modelling of a wind electric generating power plant
Authors: Goyal Nupur , Ram Mangey
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of a wind electric generating power plant through the study of reliability measures. The enhancement of the performance of the wind power plant using various approaches is also an objective of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes two models of a wind electric generating power plant using the Markov process and supplementary variable technique and solved with the help of Laplace transformation. The first model has been analyzed without fault coverage and Gumbel-Hougaard family of copula, while the second model of the wind power plant employs fault coverage and Gumbel-Hougaard family of copula which are used to enhance the performance. The proposed methodology is then illustrated in detail considering numerical examples.

Findings

Numerous reliability characteristics such as availability, reliability and mean time to failure to examine the performance of the wind power plant have been investigated. Through the comparative study of both the models, the authors concluded that the plant can generate electricity over long periods of time by covering more and more detected faults, which is made possible with two types of repair facility.

Originality/value

In this work, the authors have developed a mathematical model based on a wind electric generating power plant. This work incorporates not only the component failures that stop or degrade the working of the plant but also deals with the catastrophic and repair strategy of the plant.
“Data and dissertations”-ETD 2016@ Université Lille Nord de France
Authors: Ghosh Maitrayee
Published: December 2016

Purpose

Electronic theses and dissertation (ETD) symposium is one of the major international activities of Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), and its objectives provide a platform for the exchange of knowledge and skills relevant to ETD students, professors and information professionals. This symposium offers an opportunity to put forward innovative plans, debate on ideas and promote closer cooperation internationally. This report is a summary of selected events held during ETD international symposium 2016 on the theme “Data and Dissertations”, with a focus on the handling of research data.

Design/methodology/approach

It is a concise review of selected presentations during 19th electronic theses and dissertation annual symposium in University of Lille, France.

Findings

ETD 2016 meeting held in Lille was attended by nearly 100 attendees from 28 countries. This report includes a summary of selected presentations on research data, open-access and embargo policies, augmented ETDs and French system for ETDs. It is useful to managers of organizations, teachers and educators, librarians, open-access protagonists and members of information provider communities. The personal interaction with the participants from different countries enriched the author’s ideas about the ETD development.

Originality/value

The author, who was also a speaker, provides an overview of the selected presentations on the initiatives, namely, research data development, copyright laws, augmented digital theses, plagiarism, etc. The important events such as sight-seeing tours to a national museum, informal get-together are covered which may be useful to the audience who are not able to attend but interested to know about ETD 2016.
The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act Evaluation Study: Impact on Mental Health Financial Requirements among Commercial “Carve‐In” Plans
Authors: Friedman Sarah A. , Thalmayer Amber G. , Azocar Francisca , Xu Haiyong , Harwood Jessica M. , Ong Michael K. , Johnson Laura Lambert , Ettner Susan L.
Published: December 2016

Objective

Did mental health cost‐sharing decrease following implementation of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA)?

Data Source

Specialty mental health copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles, 2008–2013, were obtained from benefits databases for “carve‐in” plans from a national commercial managed behavioral health organization.

Study Design

Bivariate and regression‐adjusted analyses compare the probability of use and (conditional) level of cost‐sharing pre‐ and postparity. An interaction term is added to compare differential levels of pre‐ and postparity cost‐sharing changes for plans that were and were not already at parity pre‐MHPAEA.

Findings

Controlling for employer/plan characteristics, MHPAEA is associated with higher intermediate care copayments ($15.9) but lower outpatient ($2.6) copayments among in‐network‐only plans. Among plans with in‐ and out‐of‐network benefits, MHPAEA is associated with lower inpatient ($23.2) and outpatient ($2.5) copayments, but increases in inpatient and intermediate in‐network and out‐of‐network coinsurance (about 1 percentage point). Among the few plans not at parity pre‐MHPAEA, changes in use and level of cost‐sharing associated with MHPAEA were more dramatic.

Conclusion

Mixed evidence that MHPAEA led to more generous mental health benefits may stem from the finding that many plans were already at parity pre‐MHPAEA. Future policy focus in mental health may shift to slowing growth in cost‐sharing for all health services.
Response of life‐history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida
Authors: Moiroux Joffrey , van Baaren Joan , Poyet Mathilde , Couty Aude , Eslin Patrice , Prévost Geneviève , Séguin Jérémy , Le Roux Vincent
Published: December 2016

Co‐evolution of host–parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs of parasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to (i) artificially select and compare life‐history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and (ii) compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra‐ and interpopulation levels.
Detoxifying symbionts in agriculturally important pest insects
Authors: van den Bosch Tijs J. M. , Welte Cornelia U.
Published: December 2016

Pest insects lead to excessive agricultural and therefore economical losses on crops worldwide. These insects have to withstand toxic molecules that are inherent to plant defences, as well as those that are produced and introduced by humans in the form of insecticides. In recent years, research on insect–microbe symbioses has recognized that microbial symbionts may play a role protecting against these toxins, leading to a form of defensive symbiosis between the pest insect and different types of microorganisms that we term detoxifying symbioses. In this minireview, we will highlight well‐characterized and emerging insect model systems of detoxifying symbioses and assess how the microorganisms influence the host's success.
Observational study of the impact of an individualized multidisciplinary chronic care program for hip and knee osteoarthritis treatment on willingness for surgery
Authors: Teoh Laurence S. G. , Eyles Jillian P. , Makovey Joanna , Williams Matthew , Kwoh C. Kent. , Hunter David J.
Published: December 2016

Aim

To determine the impact of an osteoarthritis‐specific multidisciplinary conservative care program (OACCP) on willingness for surgery (WFS) and to identify changes and factors in our cohort that influence and predict willingness for surgery.

Methods

Consecutive OACCP participants with hip or knee OA, with WFS (willing, unsure or unwilling) data for at least two appointments were included. The proportions of unwilling versus willing/unsure patients at baseline and last appointment were compared using McNemar's test. Logistic regression was used to analyze baseline age, gender, main language, educational status, living situation, number of comorbidities, index joint, non‐index joint osteoarthritis, completion of program, baseline and change in pain, function, depression, body mass index and 6‐min walk test (6MWT) for association with changing WFS.

Results

At baseline 203/409 were unwilling for surgery while by final appointment 234/409 were unwilling (P = 0.002). Of the 206 initially willing/unsure participants, 63/206 (30.6%) became unwilling by final appointment. Index joint, completion of program, baseline and change in pain, self‐reported function and 6MWT were independently associated with becoming unwilling. Final model from multivariate logistic regression analysis regarding becoming unwilling included baseline pain (P < 0.001), change in pain (P < 0.001), completion of program (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.004).

Conclusion

A conservative OA‐specific treatment program that improves pain and function can reduce willingness for surgery among participants with hip or knee OA. The strongest determinants of this reduction in willingness were baseline and change in pain, completion of the program and participant age.
Genetic Variations in Bilirubin Metabolism Genes and Their Association with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Adults
Authors: Chiddarwar Ashish S. , D'Silva Selma Z. , Colah Roshan B. , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Mukherjee Malay B.
Published: December 2016

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of the variants in the four bilirubin metabolism genes (UGT1A1, OATP2, HMOX1, and BLVRA) and their association with hyperbilirubinemia. Material and Methods: Genotyping of 17 genetic variants was performed in 115 adults with hyperbilirubinemia and 150 controls by PCR‐RFLP, GeneScan analysis, and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Genetic polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 promoter, specifically the T‐3279G phenobarbital‐responsive enhancer module and (TA)7 dinucleotide repeat, as well as the intron and coding region variants of the OATP2, HMOX1, and BLVRA genes, were significantly higher among the cases than the controls. Further, nearly 82% of the cases showed the presence of significantly four or more variants as compared to 37% of the controls (P < 0.0001) and the mean total serum bilirubin levels also increased according to the number of variants co‐expressed. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that polymorphisms in the bilirubin metabolism genes had a significant effect on bilirubin levels and could be genetic risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia.
The Paradox of Disremembering the Dead: Ritual, Memory, and Embodied Historicity in Mapuche Shamanic Personhood
Authors: Bacigalupo Ana Mariella
Published: December 2016

This article examines how the processes of disremembering, the transformations of memory and personhood, and the rebirth of Mapuche shamans address and cloud issues of social persistence and cohesion in a community. My analysis is grounded in the broader culture of death rituals but also advances a reading of these rituals as expressions of an essentially historical consciousness: how Mapuche shamans such as Francisca Kolipi mediate indigenous engagements with history and historicity. Francisca's personhood was reshaped multiple times through contested processes of disremembering and remembering, and her multiple deaths were rescripted and rehistoricized. Community members erased the negative aspects of Francisca's spirit and merged it with the spirit of her machi predecessor, and Francisca was rehistoricized in a new context in anticipation of the rebirth of her spirit in a new shaman.
Dream Transformations of the “American” Pinup Model for Sexuality
Authors: Mageo Jeannette
Published: December 2016

Pinups populate magazine stands at supermarket cash registers in the United States because they embody an American model of sexuality. In this model the person fits her own or another's fantasies for being a perfect sexual image. The pinup model frequently appeared in the dream and life history data I collected among undergraduates in the northwestern United States between 2004 and 2009. These data map an oppositional set of subject positions that define dream dramas whenever the pinup model emerges: mesmerizing agency on the one hand, abject objectification on the other. The extent to which each of these sides is manifest depends on an actor's freedom to disambiguate her own communications. These sides represent an oppositional set of subject positions that pinup dreams personify as characters and suggest dreamers experience cultural models as contradictory cognitive and emotional imperatives. The data further suggest that dreamers continually reform models in attempts to cope with ever‐changing contexts and, finally, that the pinup model persists because it embodies what I call American “mirror phase cultural psychology.”
Journeys and Their Afterlives
Authors: Bedi Tarini
Published: December 2016

This piece is about the disjointed experiences of death, grief, and gendered Hindu religiosity in contemporary India. The religious rituals surrounding death animate journeys of all kinds—between the spaces of these rituals; between religious belief and skepticism; between the sentimentality of the past and the present realities of loss; between home, kinship obligations, and a transnational world; and between changing norms of the family. [death, gender, grief, Hindu ritual, India]
Fifty‐Three Kilos1
Authors: Dennis Dannah
Published: December 2016

In this fictional story, an anthropologist helps her friend Srijana pack suitcases in preparation for an upcoming trip from Kathmandu to Portland. Srijana's choices about what to take and what to leave behind illustrate the ways in which interpersonal connections are encoded in material objects and illuminate the complex web of relationships between family members in Nepal and North America. [migration, diaspora, family, Nepal, relationships]
Nan's Moemoeā1
Authors: Sweetman Lauren E.
Published: December 2016

This piece is one in a series of creative nonfiction stories borne out of the author's fieldwork in Aotearoa, New Zealand. An act of giving and receiving, tribute and lament, these stories were created as a form of reciprocity with the author's interlocutors for sharing theirs. Here, the author relives her experiences with Nan, an aged Māori kuia (elder), as they navigate space and memory through sense, song, and silence.
The Curious Case of the Curiosity Center
Authors: Shankar Arjun
Published: December 2016

This piece narrates the first meeting between an anthropologist and a man dedicated to developing a curiosity center in New York City. As the encounter unfolds, the complexities of the Indian diasporic experience, the emotions of field research, the paradoxes of a man's autobiography, and the concept of curiosity together animate the tale.
The Spirit of the Symbol
Authors: Torres JT
Published: December 2016

In December 2014, I traveled to Cuba as part of an ethnographic research team to explore the hybrid identities of those in Perico and Agramonte, Cuba who descend from the Arará. Despite the fact that my family's history is tied to Cuba, this was my first trip to the island. The research project became a personal journey into the ways faith, science, and performance are all intertwined but also unravel one another.
Acellular Endocardium as a Novel Biomaterial for the Intima of Tissue‐Engineered Small‐Caliber Vascular Grafts
Authors: Wang Feng , Guan Xin , Wu TianYi , Qiao JianOu , Han ZhaoQing , Wu JinLong , Yu XiaoWei , You QingJun
Published: December 2016

We aimed to investigate whether acellular endocardium can be used as a useful biomaterial for the intima of engineered small‐caliber vascular grafts. Fresh endocardium was harvested from the swine left atrium and was decellularized by digestion with the decellularization solution of Triton X‐100 and SDS containing DNase I and RNase A. Surface morphological characteristics and Young's modulus were evaluated. To analyze the effect of mechanical characteristics on cell adhesion, the decellularized endocardium was stiffened with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Small‐caliber vascular grafts were constructed using decellularized endocardium treated with or without glutaraldehyde as the intima. CD34+ cells were seeded onto the luminal surface of the vascular grafts and linked to bioreactors that simulate a pulsatile blood stream. Acellular endocardium had distinct surface morphological characteristics, which were quite different from those of other materials. The compliance of acellular endocardium was higher than that of other materials tested by Young's modulus. CD34+ cells formed a monolayer structure and adhered to the inner face of the acellular endocardium. The glutaraldehyde treatment stiffened the acellular endocardium but had little impact on the surface morphological characteristics or static adhesiveness of the cells. Data from the bioreactor study showed that the detachment of the cells from the surface of glutaraldehyde‐treated acellular endocardium increased dramatically when the pressure was equal or higher than 40 mm Hg, while the cells on the untreated acellular endocardium remained well and formed confluent monolayers and tight junctions under the same pressure. Acellular endocardium has distinct structures and mechanical characteristics that are beneficial for CD34+ cell adhesion and retention under dynamic fluid perfusion. Thus, it can be used as a useful biomaterial for the construction of the intima of engineered small‐caliber vascular grafts.
Letter: cytokeratin‐18 as a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma regression after transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: He Z.‐H. , He W.‐R. , Wu L.‐L. , Zhao C. , Peng N.‐F. , Ahir B.‐K. , Lu C.‐Y.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Bock et al and Bantel et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13578 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13826.
Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls
Authors: Zacharias H. D. , Jackson C. D. , Morgan M. Y. , Olesen S. S.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Greinert et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13721 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13850.
Editorial: adalimumab or infliximab as monotherapy, or in combination with an immunomodulator, in the treatment of Crohn's disease
Authors: Christensen B. , Sparrow M. P.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Cosnes et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13808.
Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy – critical flicker frequency and MELD‐score as a first‐step approach. Replication and pitfalls. Authors‘ reply
Authors: Greinert R. , Zipprich A. , Ripoll C.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Greinert et al and Zacharias et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13721 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13830.
Letter: reduction in chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti‐viral therapy, including low‐risk patients – more questions than answers. Authors' reply
Authors: Lin D. , Yang H.‐I. , Hoang J. , Nguyen M. H.
Published: December 2016

Linked Content

This article is linked to Lin et al, and Wei and Wang papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13774 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13829.
Planting the seeds of a quiet activism
Authors: Pottinger Laura
Published: December 2016

While traditional academic accounts of activism emphasise vocal, antagonistic and demonstrative forms of protest, geographers have begun to expand the category of activism to include modest, quotidian acts of kindness, connection and creativity. This paper outlines ‘quiet activism’ as small, everyday, embodied acts, often of making and creating, that can be either implicitly or explicitly political in nature. This concept is explored with seed savers, gardeners who cultivate fruits and vegetables and then select and save seed to provide future generations of plants for themselves and others. It draws on ethnographic research with individuals involved in a national seed conservation network (The Heritage Seed Library) and a local seed swap event (Seedy Sunday, Brighton) in the UK. These organisations connect individual seed savers and frame their quiet acts of growing and sharing as part of a broad movement to conserve biodiversity and challenge the corporate control of food and seed systems. The paper unpicks the implications of embodied activisms performed at varying volumes, and it highlights the need for scholars to attend to the differing embodiments called for by various modes of activism in order to trace their particular impacts, emotions and affects. The experiences of seed savers elucidate the particular power of small and quiet acts of making and doing to critique, subvert and rework dominant modes of production and consumption.
“U.S. Pharmaceutical Gray Markets: Why Do They Persist—and What to Do about Them?”
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A.
Published: December 2016

This article illustrates how a traditional U.S. pharmaceutical industry supply chain operates, beginning with pharmaceutical compounds and ending at patient‐dispensing hospitals or pharmacies. Furthermore, to place the problem of U.S. drug shortages in historical perspective, a review of the annual volume of such shortages over the last decade is undertaken. Following this review of recent drug shortages is an analysis of the market forces and business decisions that drive the creation of a pharmaceutical gray market, its attendant “price gouging” and product integrity issues, and the alterations in the traditional pharmaceutical industry supply chain model. In response to persistent drug shortages, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently been empowered by the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. government to actively address this issue. To reflect these FDA challenges, a thorough review of these new agency charges and responsibilities is undertaken. Lastly, an analysis of the results of recent FDA public policy actions on mitigating drug shortages, as well as recommendations tor market‐based solutions to the gray market problem that pharmaceutical manufacturers, hospitals and pharmacies could institute as industry‐wide standards of business practice, are discussed in the conclusion.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Corporate Personhood and Corporate Political Spending: Implications for Shareholders
Authors: Nemetz Patricia L.
Published: December 2016

In theCitizens United v. Federal Election Commission(2010) decision, the Supreme Court rendered an opinion verifying the legality of unions and corporations to spend funds from theirgeneral treasuriesto finance independent expenditures related to political and electioneering communications. Such speech and communications are constitutionally protected by the First Amendment, according to Justice Kennedy, who wrote the majority opinion (558 U.S. 22, 2010). The dissenting opinion questioned whether such rights should accrue to corporations, since corporations differ from constitutionally‐protected “natural persons” (dissent, 558 U.S. 50 at 2, 2010; Johnson2011). The decision ignited a firestorm of controversy, which renewed interest in the legal concept of corporate personhood.

This article reviews key findings in theCitizens United v. FECcase, then describes the historical, legal, and theoretical concepts of corporate personhood with the goal of unbundling the nuanced consequences of the majority and dissenting opinions of theCitizens United v. FECcase. The analysis then turns to a shareholder perspective, with particular emphasis on the implications for shareholders’ rights and responsibilities. It concludes with an exploration of options available to shareholders concerned about how to respond when a corporation uses its resources to communicate political opinions at odds with their own.