bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salvaging, Transplantation and Reconstruction of Heritage Sites, Techniques and Problems: A Study of the Submerged Temple of Bilaspur District in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Parihar Seema
Published: September 2019

The work of safe removal of cultural heritage sites and ancient monuments of any region is known as ‘salvage archaeology’, and the work of relocating the sites and monuments is known as ‘transplantation’ of the sites and monuments. Before a monument is transplanted physically, it is primarily studied in detail for its constructional style and methods of bonding the different materials used, the type of foundation orientation and the setting of the monuments, that is, its environment.
Using theories from group psychotherapy to understand group process in multicultural focus groups: A pilot study
Authors: Cedeño Kryst E. , Diaz Samantha A. , Aggarwal Neil K.
Published: September 2019

This study explores the applicability of the American Group Psychotherapy Association’s (AGPA) Practice Guidelines for Group Psychotherapy to analyse the construction of group processes in three focus groups with patients, clinicians, and administrators on cultural competence. Each focus group was recorded, transcribed, and analysed through codes developed from the AGPA’s Guidelines. Findings were compared and contrasted to discover thematic convergences and divergences. Our results show that certain processes such as catharsis, imparting information, and universality emerged commonly across all three focus groups, but with different frequencies. Group processes influenced how participants interacted and influenced each other in their responses, suggesting the value of analysing group processes in multicultural focus groups.
Multiloop state-dependent nonlinear time-varying sliding mode control of unmanned small-scale helicopter
Authors: Ozcan Sinan , Salamci Metin U , Nalbantoglu Volkan
Published: September 2019

Time delays, parameter uncertainties, and disturbances are the fundamental problems that hinder the stability and reduce dramatically the tracking performance of dynamical systems. In this paper, a new state-dependent nonlinear time-varying sliding mode control autopilot structure is proposed to cope with these dynamical and environmental complexities for an unmanned helicopter. The presented technique is based on freezing the nonlinear system equations on each time step and designing a controller using the frozen system model at this time step. The proposed method offers an improved performance in the presence of major disturbances and parameter uncertainties by adapting itself to possible dynamical varieties without a need of trimming the system on different operating conditions. Unlike the existing linear cascade autopilot structure, this study also proposes a nonlinear cascade state-dependent coefficient helicopter autopilot structure consisting of four separate nonlinear sub-systems. The proposed method is tested through the real time and PC-based simulations. To show the performance of the proposed robust method, it is also bench-marked against a linear sliding control control in PC-based simulations.
Reproductive toxic effects and possible mechanisms of zonisamide in male rats
Authors: Karaduman AB , Kilic V , Atli-Eklioglu O , Baysal M , Aydogan-Kılıc G , Ucarcan S , Ilgin S
Published: September 2019

Zonisamide (ZNS) is an anticonvulsant which is used to treat the symptoms of epilepsy. Although it is frequently used during reproductive ages, studies that investigated the effects of ZNS on reproductive system are limited. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of ZNS on male reproductive system by oral administration to rats in 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses for 28 days. After the exposure period, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA damage, as biomarkers of reproductive toxic effects, were determined, and histopathological examination of testis was performed. In addition, levels of the hormones that play a role in the regulation of reproductive functions, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were measured and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers that take part in the reproductive pathologies such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, were determined. Reproductive toxic effects related to ZNS administration were shown by the significant decrease of sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology in ZNS groups. Additionally, pathological findings were observed in the testicular tissues of ZNS-administered groups dose dependently. In addition, serum LH and testosterone levels were significantly decreased in the ZNS groups. Decreased catalase activities and increased malondialdehyde levels in ZNS groups were evaluated as oxidative stress findings in the testis tissue. It could be expressed that ZNS administration induced dose-dependent reproductive toxic effects in rats, and pathological findings associated with the reproductive system could be the result of that hormonal changes and testicular oxidative stress, which in turn might be considered as possible mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity.
A novel PCR protocol for detection and differentiation of neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic equid alphaherpesvirus 1
Authors: Lechmann Julia , Schoster Angelika , Ernstberger Martina , Fouché Nathalie , Fraefel Cornel , Bachofen Claudia
Published: September 2019

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infections can have a major impact on the horse industry and equine welfare by causing abortion or respiratory or neurologic disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism (A2254→G2254) in open reading frame (ORF) 30, encoding the catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerase, has been shown to be a strong predictive marker for neuropathogenicity. Given that a previously established real-time PCR (rtPCR) protocol yielded unsatisfactory results concerning determination of the EHV-1 genotype, we developed and evaluated a new conventional PCR protocol enabling identification of the genotype by sequencing and restriction enzyme analysis (REA). Thirty samples from horses with signs typical for EHV-1 infection were tested by rtPCR and our new conventional PCR. The results showed that compared to rtPCR, the conventional PCR protocol combined with sequencing and REA was more reliable concerning unambiguous determination of the EHV-1 genotype. Results of our new assay confirmed previous findings, according to which the non-neuropathogenic genotype A2254 is predominantly found in animals with fever, respiratory signs, and abortions or perinatal mortality, whereas the neuropathogenic genotype G2254 is primarily detected in animals suffering from neurologic disease. In some samples, results pointed towards coinfection with both genotypes. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the significance of infections with genotype A2254 and G2254 in neurologic and non-neurologic cases, respectively.
Republished: The Quality of Qualitative Research
Authors: Collingridge Dave S. , Gantt Edwin E.
Published: September 2019

In general, an appreciation of the standards of qualitative research and the types of qualitative data analysis available to researchers have not kept pace with the growing presence of qualitative studies in medical science. To help rectify this problem, the authors clarify qualitative research reliability, validity, sampling, and generalizability. They also provide 3 major theoretical frameworks for data collection and analysis that investigators may consider adopting. These 3 approaches are ethnography, existential phenomenology, and grounded theory. For each, the basic steps of data collection and analysis involved are presented, along with real-life examples of how they can contribute to improving medical care.
Limited Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Bremer Anne K. , Kraler Lukas , Frauchiger Lars , Krause Fabian G. , Weber Martin
Published: September 2019

Background:

The treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures remains a challenge and the optimal approach is still controversial. The main reason to avoid the extended lateral approach is the high complication rate due to wound healing problems. We report on 16 years of experience with a standardized limited open reduction and internal fixation technique.

Methods:

Between 2001 and 2017, we prospectively followed 240 consecutive patients operatively treated for a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture. Patients with open, multiple, bilateral, extra-articular, and Sanders IV fractures and those lost to follow-up were excluded. A lateral subtalar approach was used, with a cast for 8 weeks and full weightbearing allowed after 12 weeks. Follow-up examinations were scheduled until 24 months. Subjective and clinical assessment included gait abnormality, subtalar and ankle range of motion, and stability and alignment. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was calculated. Alignment was analyzed on standard radiographs. In total, 131 patients were excluded. The remaining 109 patients were followed for a minimum of 24 months (34.4 ± 14.2 [range, 24-102] months).

Results:

The mean AOFAS score was 87 ± 13 (range, 32-100). “Excellent” and “good” results, as well as hindfoot motion with “normal/mild” and “moderate” restrictions, were seen in 80% of patients. Early reoperations were performed for insufficient reduction (2 patients), delayed wound healing (debridement, 3 patients), and hematoma (1 patient). Late revisions were arthrodesis (3 patients), medializing calcaneal osteotomy (1 patient), and implant removal (53 patients; 49%).

Conclusion:

The presented approach has remained unmodified for 16 years and resulted in consistently good functional results. The main disadvantage was the high rate of heel screw removal.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Off-Label Use of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Dermatologic Disorders
Authors: Guenther Lyn , Lynde Charles , Poulin Yves
Published: September 2019

Off-label prescribing is a common practice in dermatology, particularly when uncommon dermatologic diseases have limited or no approved treatment options. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are approved for the treatment of eczema, and their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and steroid-sparing effects make them an attractive therapeutic option for a wide variety of other dermatologic diseases. This review summarizes and qualifies the available evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream in non-eczema indications. There is high-quality evidence supporting the effectiveness of topical calcineurin inhibitors in multiple dermatological disorders including vitiligo; psoriasis of the face, folds, and genitals; seborrheic dermatitis; chronic hand dermatitis; contact dermatitis; oral lichen planus; lichen sclerosus; morphea; and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Lower-quality evidence suggests they may be considered as an option in many other cutaneous disorders.
Evidence Review of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Adult Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hong Chih-ho , Gooderham Melinda , Bissonnette Robert
Published: September 2019

Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) were approved in the early 2000s for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), and despite the recent introduction of newer topical and systemic therapies for AD, TCIs such as tacrolimus ointment (0.03% and 0.1%) and pimecrolimus cream (1%), remain recommended treatment options in contemporary management guidelines. The goal of this article is to review the evidence supporting the approved indications for TCIs in adults with AD, including short-term treatment of active disease and as intermittent or maintenance treatment for the prevention of flares. Other evidence reviewed in this article includes the treatment of specific body areas (such as the face and eyelids), combination or sequential use of TCIs with topical corticosteroids, and the comparative efficacy of the 2 commercially available TCIs. This review of the evidence confirms that TCIs remain an effective treatment option for the management of adult AD.
Driving Social Change Through Forum Theatre: A Study of Jana Sanskriti in West Bengal, India
Authors: Brahma Jharna , Pavarala Vinod , Belavadi Vasuki
Published: September 2019

This article examines Forum Theatre as a form of participatory communication for social change. Based on an ethnographic study of Jana Sanskriti ( JS), a Forum Theatre group working for over three decades in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal, this article seeks to show how this form of theatre, developed by the Brazilian activist Augusto Boal, subverts the passivity inherent in the communicator–receiver model of the dominant paradigm by activating the critical consciousness of the spectator and triggering a process of social change through dialogue and discussion. JS has been using Forum Theatre to address some of the deeply entrenched social norms in rural West Bengal, including those related to patriarchy, child marriage, domestic violence, and maternal and child health related issues, by extending Boal’s notion of the ‘spect-actor’ to encourage the spectators to become ‘spect-activists’, who then are engaged in community-level work on social change. We suggest that this form of communication is clearly bottom-up, radically participatory, community-based and led by the oppressed, as has been advocated by several scholars working on communication for social change.
The roles of social media in tourists’ choices of travel components
Authors: Liu Xuerui , Mehraliyev Fuad , Liu Chun , Schuckert Markus
Published: September 2019

Social media are acknowledged as an important information source that influences tourists’ travel choices. However, qualitative studies that take an inductive approach to identify the roles of social media by investigating how social media affect travel choices are limited. By interviewing 21 tourists who had recently taken trips, this article aimed to identify the roles that social media played in the tourists’ choices of six travel components (destination, transportation, accommodation, food and dining activities, attractions, as well as shopping and leisure activities). Four roles have been identified: Need Generator, Supporter, Guider and Approver. Theoretical and practical implications along with future research suggestions are discussed.
New Media and the Dalit Counter-public Sphere
Authors: Thakur Arvind Kumar
Published: September 2019

The recent surge of online mobilization among Dalits, who belong to India’s most oppressed caste groups, signals a remarkable trend in Internet activism and political engagement. Analyzing Dalit mobilization online, this article argues that technological affordances and distinct cultural practices associated with digital media have enabled certain sections of Dalits to resist the dominant caste narrative, thereby contributing to mobilization against caste-based discrimination. However, multiple “counter-narratives” within the subaltern digital sphere and hybrid media systems have placed limitations on unified action, signaling the need to address mediated factional positions and caste Hindu narratives online in efforts to strengthen the Dalit social movement. This article forwards the argument by examining the expansion of web forums organized by Dalits, with a closer focus on a nationwide online agitation that drew reference to the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States.
Publishing Without Perishing: A Guide to the Successful Reporting of Clinical Data
Authors: Derraik José G. B. , Butler Éadaoin M. , Rerkasem Kittipan
Published: September 2019

Many researchers find writing a scientific manuscript a highly discouraging task. This problem may be partly responsible for the fact that approximately half of completed clinical studies worldwide remain unreported or unpublished. Therefore, we aimed to create a user-friendly guide with helpful recommendations, which are complementary to the many existing reporting guidelines for quantitative clinical data. This article has been prepared with clearly defined subheadings, to facilitate quick identification of any specific sections/topics. We encourage the use of the IMRaD model (ie, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), providing guidance on the key information required, as well as the dos and don’ts. We also comment briefly on feedback and rejection, proposing the I AM approach (Ignore, Address, and Move on).
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Delivery to the Cochlea Through Round Window by External Magnetic Field: Feasibility and Toxicity
Authors: Leterme Gaëlle , Guigou Caroline , Oudot Alexandra , Collin Bertrand , Boudon Julien , Millot Nadine , Geissler Audrey , Belharet Karim , Bozorg Grayeli Alexis
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) administered into the cochlea through the round window (RW) by an external magnetic field. Materials and Methods. In 5 Wistar rats, the left RW was punctured. SPIONs suspended in hyaluronic gel (5 mg/mL) were applied in the RW niche and covered by a muscle graft. The nanoparticles were mobilized using a rare earth magnet (0.54 T) held in 4 consecutive positions around the head. The right ear served as control. Hearing function was monitored by auditory brainstem responses (4-32 kHz tone bursts). Results. The auditory thresholds remained unchanged 1 month after the administration. The histological study of the cochleae showed that SPIONs were driven into the scala tympani in the basal turn, the second turn, and the apex. Conclusion. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles can be driven inside the cochlea toward the apex with a preserved hearing up to 1 month in rats.
Exploring the Relevance of Complexity Theory for Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Kallemeyn Leanne M. , Hall Jori N. , Gates Emily
Published: September 2019

While the field of mixed methods has discussed complexity theory, more clarification regarding its conceptualization is needed. Accordingly, we first review how various fields have interpreted and applied the central ideas of complexity theory in the social sciences. We then analyze two empirical studies that used complexity theory and mixed methods. We highlight how both studies examined complex systems, used elements of complexity theory as their theoretical framework, and used complexity–congruent methodologies and methods. To conclude, we offer conceptual and methodological implications for using complexity theory for mixed methods research. We view the clarification provided an important contribution to the field of mixed methods as it assists researchers in studying complex systems, theorizing complex phenomena, and using complex methods.
Professional development lost in translation? ‘Organising themes’ in Danish teacher education and how it influences student-teachers’ stories in professional learning communities
Authors: Dahl Kari Kragh Blume
Published: September 2019

Retaining the quality of teachers and improving teacher education and professional development through professional learning communities (PLCs) has long been on the policy agenda of, among others, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Framework for 21st Century Skills. This study explores and compares student-teachers’ use of PLCs in Danish teacher education institutions and how PLCs are shaped by institutional, organising themes. An ‘organising theme’ is conceptualised as a fundamental ‘idea’ of how – for instance institutional – everyday practices become organised; exploring how institutional organising themes are translated into educational practice in students’ PLCs makes it possible to understand how local moral worlds in teacher education institutions shape students’ communal work and professional development. Drawing on situated learning, social anthropology of institutions and the literature about PLCs, the professional narratives of three Danish student-teachers are compared. The findings suggest that professional development in PLCs takes place in the intersection between personal stories, situated learning in PLCs and institutional themes.
The recognition and attitudes of postgraduate medical students toward fecal microbiota transplantation: a questionnaire study
Authors: Wu Xia , Dai Min , Buch Heena , Bai Jianling , Long Wenwu , Long Chuyan , Tang Xianyan , Tu Hua , Zhang Renjie , Zhu Cairong , Yang Shaoqi , Cui Bota , Ji Guozhong , Zhang Faming
Published: September 2019

Background:

Physicians and medical students in the world do not have high awareness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This study aimed to explore the recognition and attitude of postgraduate medical students towards FMT and to create awareness for it.

Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to first-year Chinese postgraduate medical students across six medical universities. Basic descriptive statistical analyses were performed.

Results:

A total of 1828 eligible questionnaires were included into analysis. 47.76% of students did not know FMT prior to this survey. Respondents with a high-level recognition of FMT were more willing to donate feces or receive FMT therapy than those with a low-level recognition (80.26% vs. 69.62%, p = 0.000 and 56.80% vs. 41.45%, p = 0.000). The respondents from a leading institution of FMT in China showed better awareness compared with others, and 42.26% of them knew about FMT from medical lectures. The main reasons for respondents not supporting FMT were: limited reported clinical evidence (67.94%), raw technology (42.56%), and lack of analysis of patient willingness or cost-effectiveness (36.71%). However, the life-saving value (84.41%), the automatic purification system (38.68%), low expenses (36.00%), and convenient delivering ways (35.67%) were the major considerations for supporting FMT.

Conclusions:

This study revealed the low recognition level of postgraduate medical students about FMT. Therefore, medical education should not neglect the knowledge of FMT. Studies of FMT and standardized FMT should be carried out to promote its development.
Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Family Amaryllidaceae: An Overview of Research at RCPGD
Authors: Elgorashi Esam E.
Published: September 2019

Professor Johannes van Staden, Director of the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development-University of KwaZulu Natal, conducts research in the field of plant physiology, biotechnology, and ethnomedicine. The research span over a wide range of plant families growing in the southern African region. The plant family Amaryllidaceae, known for its ornamental and pharmacological values, received much attention by his research group. This review covers research conducted by his group on the chemistry of some members of Amaryllidaceae and biological activities of their constituents.
Patients’ attitudes to discontinuing not-indicated long-term antidepressant use: barriers and facilitators
Authors: Eveleigh Rhona , Speckens Anne , van Weel Chris , Oude Voshaar Richard , Lucassen Peter
Published: September 2019

Background:

Long-term antidepressant use has increased exponentially, though this is not always according to guidelines. Our previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that participants using antidepressants long term without a proper indication were apprehensive to stop: only half were willing to attempt to discontinue their antidepressant use. The objective of this study was to explore participants’ barriers and facilitators for stopping long-term antidepressant use without a current proper indication.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews with participants from the intervention group of our RCT, a cluster-RCT in general practice in the Netherlands. The latter study was a stop trial with patients on long-term antidepressant use without a current indication (no psychiatric diagnosis). Participants of the intervention group of the RCT had been provided with advice to stop antidepressants. Participants of the current interview study were purposively sampled (from the intervention group of the RCT) to ensure diversity in age, sex, and intention to discontinue the antidepressant. Analysis was performed as an iterative process, based on the constant comparative method. Data collection proceeded until saturation was reached.

Results:

A total of 16 participants were interviewed. Fear (of recurrence, relapse, or to disturb the equilibrium) was the most important barrier; prior attempts fueled these anticipations. Also prominent as a barrier was the notion that antidepressants are necessary to counter a deficiency of serotonin. Facilitators were information on duration of usage given at the time of first prescription and confidence in a successful attempt. We found many participants struggling between barriers and facilitators to discontinue and participants not discontinuing while experiencing no barriers (ambivalence).

Conclusion:

Fear is an important motive for patients considering discontinuation of antidepressants. Serotonin deficiency as explanation for antidepressant effectiveness promotes life-long use and hinders discontinuation of antidepressant treatment. The prospect of discontinuation at first prescription can facilitate a future discontinuation attempt. General practitioners should be aware of their patients’ fears, expectations, and attributions toward antidepressant use/discontinuation, and of new developments in taper methods.
SaveWise: The design of a financial education program in the Netherlands
Authors: Amagir Aisa , Groot Wim , Maassen van den Brink Henriëtte , Wilschut Arie
Published: September 2019

Using a framework for educational design research, this article reports and evaluates the (process of the) design of a financial education program. The program is designed for high school students in the prevocational track in the Netherlands. The aim of the program is to improve students’ financial knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and (savings) behavior. The main outcome of this study is the identification of design principles that can be used by others for the design of financial education programs: setting a personal savings goal, commitment with and reflection on this goal, discussing money issues with peers and family, hands-on activities with autonomy, and explicit instruction through animated video clips. The results show that our program, called “SaveWise,” improves high school students’ financial knowledge and skills, financial awareness, attitudes towards money, self-efficacy, and financial behavior.
Parosteal lipoma of proximal radius: A rare case report and its clinical approach
Authors: Rustagi Ashish , Agarwalla Anish , Krishna Loveneesh G , Talwar Jatin , Agarwal Sarang
Published: September 2019

Lipoma is the most common benign soft tissue tumor; however, they are rarely seen in bony tissue. Osseous lipomas are classified as intraosseous (originating within the bone) or juxtacortical (on its surface). Surface lipomas may be further subdivided into parosteal lipoma and subparosteal lipoma, depending on its anatomical relationship to periosteum. Parosteal lipoma is a rare benign fatty neoplasm, accounting for less than 0.3% of all lipomas. They are almost always solitary occurring in the extremities sometimes with periosteal changes. Owing to its rarity, we report a case of parosteal lipoma of proximal radius in a 32-year-old female without periosteal changes and without nerve involvement. It was evaluated clinically and radiologically and a core needle biopsy was done which was suggestive of benign lipomatous lesion. Then en masse excisional biopsy was done and the diagnosis of parosteal lipoma was established after histopathological examination. Pertaining to its anatomical location, surgical dissection is very important to preserve superficial radial nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, and supinator muscle. At final follow-up, patient is doing well with full range of motion, preserved nerve function and elbow function.
Odontogenic Cyst From an Ectopic Supernumerary Tooth Impacted in the Orbital Floor
Authors: Naus Abbie , Hernandez Stephen , Kane Anne C. , Nuss Daniel W.
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

Supernumerary dentition has been found to occur in various areas of the head and neck. Although they are commonly found along the dental arch, there are some instances of ectopic supernumerary teeth found elsewhere in the upper aero digestive tract. This case report details an impacted molar tooth in the orbital floor.

Methodology:

We present an unusual case of a 30-year-old male with a chief complaint of nasal obstruction. Clinically, it was manifested with an impacted molar in the orbital floor with associated bony expansion into the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses.

Results:

Radiographically, CT scan revealed a benign appearing expansile mass in the left maxilla, completely occupying the sinus and extending into the nose and expanding laterally into the cheek. There appeared to be a well-formed tricuspid tooth clearly visible at the top of this lesion protruding into the left orbit. The patient underwent endoscopic surgical removal, showed findings of an impacted tricuspid in the medial and inferior walls of the orbit. Histopathologic examination confirmed a large cyst lined by thick stratified squamous epithelium and embedded with dense fibrous connective tissue, consistent with an orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. The medial orbital wall was decompressed, and his postoperative course was uneventful with no orbital complications. Ectopic supernumerary teeth are unusual findings, particularly in association with the orbit. They are frequently impacted and as such can lead to the development of cystic lesions. As with other odontogenic cysts, surgery is usually definitive. This case study demonstrates complete removal with endoscopic surgery.
Davidbrownite-(NH4), (NH4,K)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O, a new phosphate–oxalate mineral from the Rowley mine, Arizona, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Cooper Mark A. , Rossman George R. , Nash Barbara P. , Hawthorne Frank. C. , Marty Joe
Published: September 2019

Davidbrownite-(NH4), (NH4,K)5(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4·3H2O, is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. It occurs in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases that include a variety of vanadates, phosphates, oxalates and chlorides, some containing NH4+. Other secondary minerals found in association with davidbrownite-(NH4) are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, quartz, rowleyite, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite and wulfenite. Crystals of davidbrownite-(NH4) are light green–blue needles or narrow blades up to ~0.2 mm long. The streak is white, the lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness isca. 2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. There are two good cleavages in the [010] zone, probably {100} and {001}. The measured density is 2.12(2) g cm–3. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.540(2), β = 1.550(5) and γ = 1.582(2) (white light); 2V = 58.5(5)°; moderater>vdispersion; and orientationZ=bandY≈a. Pleochroism:X= pale blue,Y= nearly colourless,Z= light blue; andY<X < Z. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)3.11K1.73Na0.09]Σ4.93[(V4+1.92Mg0.01Al0.02)Σ1.95O2](C2O4) [(P3.94As0.12)Σ4.06O10.94(OH)5.06]·3H2O, with the C and H content provided by the crystal structure. Raman and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH4and C2O4. Davidbrownite-(NH4) is monoclinic,P21/c, witha= 10.356(6),b= 8.923(5),c= 13.486(7) Å, β = 92.618(9)°,V= 1244.9(12) Å3andZ= 2. The crystal structure of davidbrownite-(NH4) (R1= 0.0524 for 2062Io> 2σIreflections) consists of a chain structural unit with the formula {(V4+O)2(C2O4)[PO2.75(OH)1.25]4}5–, and a disordered interstitial complex containing five large monovalent cations (NH4+and K+) and three H2O groups pfu. Strong hydrogen bonds form links within and between the chains.
Mirror reverse time migration using vertical cable seismic data for methane hydrate exploration
Authors: Jamali H. Ehsan , Katou Masafumi , Tara Kenji , Asakawa Eiichi , Mikada Hitoshi
Published: September 2019

Gas hydrates are located in the permafrost and in deepwater shallow sediments, where low temperature and high pressure satisfy the stability conditions of methane clathrates to remain as solid compounds. Hydrates are found in a form of fine-layered or altered-layered structure with hiatuses and necessitate high-resolution surveys, which may not be achieved by conventional marine acquisition using towed streamers. We have developed a recent case study in which the vertical cable seismic (VCS) method has been used for high-resolution subseafloor imaging using a set of buoyed vertical-arrayed receivers that are anchored to the seafloor. The observation close to the target in the deepwater environment provides a higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher resolution. The primary reflections, however, could not achieve reliable depth images in the data processing due to their limited subsurface coverage. We used a reverse time migration (RTM) implementation of mirror imaging to extend the spatial subsurface coverage by using receiver ghost reflections. Because conventional velocity analysis methods are not applicable to the VCS survey due to the asymmetrical reflection path between the source and receiver, we implemented seismic interferometry and generated virtual surface seismic data from VCS data for velocity analysis. To preserve the resolution, amplitudes, and phase characteristics, we applied mirror RTM on the ghost reflections in the original VCS data rather than imaging the virtual data. The introduced case study using a VCS survey for identifying the methane hydrate system of the Umitaka Spur in the Sea of Japan led to high-resolution images, which suggest that a large gas chimney exists beneath a pockmark and is responsible for transferring methane gas from a deep hydrocarbon source to the shallow sediments. A bottom-simulating reflector as the base of the gas hydrate stability zone was also imaged.
Characterization of Arbuckle-basement wastewater disposal system, Payne County, Northern Oklahoma
Authors: Machado Gabriel L. , Hickman Garrett J. , Gogri Maulin P. , Marfurt Kurt J. , Pranter Matthew J. , Reza Zulfiquar A.
Published: September 2019

Over the past eight years, north-central Oklahoma has experienced a significant increase in seismicity. Although the disposal of large volumes of wastewater into the Arbuckle Group basement system has been statistically correlated to this increased seismicity, our understanding of the actual mechanisms involved is somewhat superficial. To address this shortcoming, we initiated an integrated study to characterize and model the Arbuckle-basement system to increase our understanding of the subsurface dynamics during the wastewater-disposal process. We constructed a 3D geologic model that integrates 3D seismic data, well logs, core measurements, and injection data. Poststack-data conditioning and seismic attributes provided images of faults and the rugose top of the basement, whereas a modified-Hall analysis provided insights into the injection behavior of the wells. Using a Pareto-based history-matching technique, we calibrated the 3D models using the injection rate and pressure data. The history-matching process showed the dominant parameters to be formation-water properties, permeability, porosity, and horizontal anisotropy of the Arbuckle Group. Based on the pressure buildup responses from the calibrated models, we identified sealing and conductive characteristics of the key faults. Our analysis indicates the average porosity and permeability of Arbuckle Group to be approximately 7% and 10 mD, respectively. The simulation models also showed pockets of nonuniform and large pressure buildups in these formations, indicating that faults play an important role in fluid movement within the Arbuckle Group basement system. As one of the first integrated investigations conducted to understand the potential hydraulic coupling between the Arbuckle Group and the underlying basement, we evaluate the need for improved data recording and additional data collection. In particular, we recommend that operators wishing to pursue this type of analysis record their injection data on a daily rather than on an averaged basis. A more quantitative estimation of reservoir properties requires the acquisition of P-wave and dipole sonic logs in addition to the commonly acquired triple-combo logs. Finally, to better quantify flow units with the disposal reservoir, we recommend that operators acquire sufficient core to characterize the reservoir heterogeneity.
Pathology Services in Nigeria: Cross-Sectional Survey Results From Three Cancer Consortia
Authors: Ntiamoah Peter , Monu Ngozi R. , Abdulkareem Fatimah B. , Adeniji Kayode A. , Obafunwa John O. , Komolafe Akinwumi O. , Yates Clayton , Kaninjing Ernest , Carpten John D. , Salhia Bodour , Odedina Folake T. , Edelweiss Marcia , Kingham T. Peter , Alatise Olusegun I.
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Cancer incidence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the capacity of pathology laboratories in this region. We aimed to assess the current state of pathology services in Nigeria to guide strategies to ensure best practices and improve the quality of surgical specimen handling.

METHODS

We developed structured pathology survey to assess tissue handling, sample processing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) capabilities. The survey was distributed electronically to 22 medical centers in Nigeria that are part of established cancer consortia. Data were collected between September and October 2017.

RESULTS

Sixteen of 22 centers completed the survey in full. All 16 institutions had at least one board-certified pathologist and at least one full-time laboratory scientist/technologist. The majority of responding institutions (75%) reported processing fewer than 3,000 samples per year. For sample processing, 38% of institutions reported manual tissue processing and 75% processed biopsies and surgical specimens together. The average tissue fixation time ranged from 5 to more than 72 hours before processing and paraffin embedding. Half of the institutions reported having no quality assurance processes to evaluate hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides, and 25% reported having no written operating procedures. Half of the participating institutions have a facility for routine IHC staining, and among these there was considerable variability in processes and validation procedures. External proficiency testing was not common among surveyed sites (38%).

CONCLUSION

Data from 16 Nigerian medical institutions indicate deficiencies in standardization, quality control, and IHC validation that could affect the reliability of pathology results. These findings highlight addressable gaps in pathology services that can ensure accurate diagnosis and follow-up for the growing number of patients with cancer in this region.
Conversion Chemotherapy With a Modified FLOX Regimen for Borderline or Unresectable Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer: An Alternative for Limited-Resources Settings
Authors: Bonadio Renata Colombo , Amor Divino Paulo Henrique , Obando Jorge Santiago Madero , Lima Karolina Cayres Alvino , Recchimuzzi Débora Zachello , Kruger Jaime Arthur Pirola , Saragiotto Daniel Fernandes , Capareli Fernanda C. , Hoff Paulo M.
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Conversion chemotherapy is often used for borderline or unresectable (B/U) liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) with the aim of achieving resectability. Although intensive and costly regimens are often used, the best regimen in this scenario remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with B/U liver metastases from CRC treated with conversion chemotherapy with the modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFLOX) regimen followed by metastasectomy.

METHODS

We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with B/U liver metastases from CRC treated with chemotherapy with the mFLOX regimen followed by surgery. B/U disease was defined as at least one of the following: more than four lesions, involvement of hepatic artery or portal vein, or involvement of biliary structure.

RESULTS

Fifty-four consecutive patients who met our criteria for B/U liver metastases were evaluated. Thirty-five patients (64%) had more than four liver lesions, 16 (29%) had key vascular structure involvement, and 16 (29%) had biliary involvement. After chemotherapy, all patients had surgery and 42 (77%) had R0 resection. After a median follow-up of 37.2 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.9 months and median overall survival (OS) was 68.3 months. R1-R2 resections were associated with worse PFS and OS compared with R0 resection (PFS: hazard ratio, 2.65; P = .007; OS: hazard ratio, 2.90; P = .014).

CONCLUSION

Treatment of B/U liver metastases from CRC with conversion chemotherapy using mFLOX regimen followed by surgical resection was associated with a high R0 resection rate and favorable survival outcomes. On the basis of our results, we consider mFLOX a low-cost option for conversion chemotherapy among other options that have been proposed.
Restricting motion effects in CT coronary angiography
Authors: Kashani Hany , Wright Graham , Ursani Ali , Liu Garry , Hashemi Masoud , Paul Narinder
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Evaluation of coronary CT image blur using multi segment reconstruction algorithm.

Methods:

Cardiac motion was simulated in a Catphan. CT coronary angiography was performed using 320 × 0.5 mm detector array and 275 ms gantry rotation. 1, 2 and 3 segment reconstruction algorithm, three heart rates (60, 80 and 100bpm), two peak displacements (4, 8 mm) and three cardiac phases (55, 35, 75%) were used. Wilcoxon test compared image blur from the different reconstruction algorithms.

Results:

Image blur for 1, 2 and 3 segments in: 60 bpm, 75% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.714, 0.588, 0.571 mm (1.18, 0.6, 0.4 mm displacement) 80 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 8 mm peak displacement: 0.869, 0.606, 0.606 mm (1.57, 0.79,0.52 mm displacement) 100 bpm, 35% R–R interval and 4 mm peak displacement: 0.645, 0.588, 0.571 mm (0.98, 0.49, 0.33 mm displacement). The median image blur overall for 1 and 2 segments was 0.714 mm and 0.588 mm respectively (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Two-segment reconstruction significantly reduces image blur.

Advances in knowledge:

Multisegment reconstruction algorithms during CT coronary angiography are a useful method to reduce image blur, improve visualization of the coronary artery wall and help the early detection of the plaque.
Software Patents and Firm Value: A Real Options Perspective on the Role of Innovation Orientation and Environmental Uncertainty
Authors: Chung Sunghun , Animesh Animesh , Han Kunsoo , Pinsonneault Alain
Published: September 2019

Our paper shows that software-based patents can contribute significantly to the value of firms. Our paper provides managers with insights into how different types of software-based innovations affect firm value in market environments exhibiting different levels of competitiveness and dynamism. Using a large-panel data set consisting of 602 U.S. firms, we find that firms with a software patent portfolio having higher levels of explorative innovation orientation achieve higher market value in environments with high competitiveness and low dynamism. By contrast, firms with a software patent portfolio exhibiting high levels of exploitative innovation orientation achieve higher market value in low competitiveness and high dynamism environments. Although some practitioners are still skeptical about the value of software patents, we provide empirical evidence that a firm’s software patents do contribute to firm performance, thereby helping practitioners to justify their investments in software innovation and assess the value of their software patents. Furthermore, our paper highlights key factors—both internal (i.e., innovation orientation) and external (i.e., environmental uncertainty)—that may affect the value of software patents. This can help firms formulate the appropriate innovation strategy for software patents that can lead to the greatest returns.
Does Machine Translation Affect International Trade? Evidence from a Large Digital Platform
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Hui Xiang , Liu Meng
Published: September 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is surpassing human performance in a growing number of domains. However, there is limited evidence of its economic effects. Using data from a digital platform, we study a key application of AI: machine translation. We find that the introduction of a new machine translation system has significantly increased international trade on this platform, increasing exports by 10.9%. Furthermore, heterogeneous treatment effects are consistent with a substantial reduction in translation costs. Our results provide causal evidence that language barriers significantly hinder trade and that AI has already begun to improve economic efficiency in at least one domain.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Dual mobility total hip arthroplasty: should everyone get one?
Authors: Blakeney William G. , Epinette Jean-Alain , Vendittoli Pascal-André
Published: September 2019

Hip instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a major challenge and is one of the main causes of revision surgery. Dual mobility (DM) implants have been introduced to try to overcome this problem. The DM design consists of a small femoral head captive and mobile within a polyethylene liner. Numerous studies have shown that DM implants reduce the rate of dislocation compared to fixed-bearing inserts. Early designs for DM implants had problems with wear and intra-prosthetic dislocations, so their use was restricted to limited indications. The results of the latest generation of DM prostheses demonstrate that these problems have been overcome. Given the results of these studies presented in this review, surgeons may now consider DM THA for a wider patient selection.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:541-547. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180045
Designing institutions for designing policy
Authors: Peters B Guy
Published: September 2019

Policy design has returned to the centre of discussions of public policy, both for academics and practitioners. With that interest in policy design has come an interest in organisations and institutions that will do the designing, with much of the interest being in structures such as policy laboratories that attempt to foster innovation. These organisations tend to exist outside government hierarchies and support collaborative designing with stakeholders and citizens. This paper examines the potential of these structures from an organisational perspective. Although they do offer great promise as sources of innovation they also confront a number of institutional barriers and dilemmas. This paper focuses on those barriers and dilemmas, as well as some possible means of overcoming them.
On absolutely Baire nonmeasurable functions
Authors: Zakrzewski Piotr
Published: September 2019

We shall show that under Martin’s axiom, there exist absolutely Baire nonmeasurable additive functions.
This provides a Baire category counterpart of an analogous measure-theoretic result of A. B. Kharazishvili.