bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitized Spiral Drawing Metrics in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyo Jeong , Jang Hyemin , Kim Hee Jin , Yoon Ji Hye , Na Duk L
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Damage to subcortical structures and prefrontal-cortical circuits can affect motor skills along with cognitive abilities.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we identified the kinematic indicators, pen pressure, speed, and deviation (degree of deviation from the target line), which can be observed in drawing performance in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI).

METHODS

A total of 24 patients with SVCI (16 patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment and 8 patients with subcortical vascular dementia) and 26 healthy adults (HC) were subjected to digitized drawing along straight lines and spiral drawing (drawing along spiral lines, free spiral drawing).

RESULTS

First, in the drawing along straight lines, the SVCI group showed a greater deviation than the HC group. Second, in the drawing along spiral lines and free spiral drawing tasks, the SVCI group showed greater pen pressure and deviation than the HC group. Third, in the free spiral drawing task, the deviation of the SVCI group increased as the wheels of the spiral increased.

CONCLUSIONS

The SVCI group showed greater pressure to hold and press pencils during drawing compared to HC due to damage to cognitive and motor skills, and deviated from the provided target line. These results may be due to complex cognitive-motor deficits, motor patterns (tremor), or impaired motor termination and conversion following damage to the frontal-subcortical circuit. These indices may contribute to the early diagnosis of SVCI.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Myocarditis in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019: Updated Systematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kong Qingyu , Xu Xue , Li Meng , Meng Xiao , Zhao Cuifen , Yang Xiaorong
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Myocarditis is characterized by high disability and mortality, and imposes a severe burden on population health globally. However, the latest global magnitude and secular trend of myocarditis burden have not been reported.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of myocarditis burden globally for optimizing targeted prevention and research.

METHODS

Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the myocarditis burden from 1990 to 2019 was modeled using the Cause of Death Ensemble tool, DisMod-MR, and spatiotemporal Gaussian regression. We depicted the epidemiology and trends of myocarditis by sex, age, year, region, and sociodemographic index (SDI). R program version 4.2.1 (R Project for Statistical Computing) was applied for all statistical analyses, and a 2-sided P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The number of incident cases (1,268,000) and deaths (32,450) associated with myocarditis in 2019 increased by over 1.6 times compared with the values in 1990 globally. On the other hand, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased slightly in the past 3 decades, while the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) decreased greatly from 18.29 per 100,000 person-years in 1990 to 12.81 per 100,000 person-years in 2019. High SDI regions always showed a more significant ASIR. The ASIR slightly decreased in all SDI regions between 1990 and 2019. Middle SDI regions had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. Low SDI regions had the lowest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of myocarditis were higher among males than among females from 1990 to 2019 globally. All ASRs among both sexes had a downward trend, except for the ASMR among males, which showed a stable trend, and females had a more significant decrease in the ASDR than males. Senior citizens had high incident cases and deaths among both sexes in 2019. The peak numbers of DALYs for both sexes were noted in the under 1 age group in 2019. At the national level, the estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs had significant negative correlations with the baseline ASRs in 1990.

CONCLUSIONS

Globally, the number of incident cases and deaths associated with myocarditis have increased significantly. On the other hand, the ASRs of myocarditis showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2019. Males consistently showed higher ASRs of myocarditis than females from 1990 to 2019 globally. Senior citizens gradually predominated in terms of myocarditis burden. Policymakers should establish targeted control strategies based on gender, region, age, and SDI; strengthen aging-related health research; and take notice of the changes in the epidemic characteristics of myocarditis.
Influence of Aging Temperature and Duration on Flavor and Tenderness Development of Vacuum-Packaged Beef Longissimus
Authors: Hernandez M. Sebastian , Woerner Dale R. , Brooks J. Chance , Wheeler Tommy L. , Legako Jerrad F.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of beef wet-aging temperature and duration on beef palatability. Paired beef strip loins were obtained from USDA Choice carcasses (n=60) at a commercial processing facility. Paired strip loins were assigned to a storage temperature (−2°C, 0°C, or 4°C). Strip loins were portioned into half loins and further assigned to an aging duration (14, 28, 42, or 56 d). Loins were aged in commercial upright refrigerators.After aging, loins were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks and assigned to either volatile compound analysis, descriptive sensory analysis, or consumer sensory analysis. Data were analyzed as a split-plot in which carcass served as the whole plot and loin portion served as the subplot. An alpha of  P<0.05 was used. For descriptive sensory analysis, an interaction was observed for beef identity, bloody/serumy, fat-like, liver-like, bitter, sour, and musty/earthy (P<0.05). Loins aged for 56 d at 4°C were the most intense for liver-like, sour, and musty/earthy notes compared with all other treatments (P<0.05). An interaction was observed for consumer juiciness, tenderness, and overall liking (P<0.05). Steaks from loins aged for 14 d at −2°C were rated the least for juiciness, tenderness, and overall liking (P<0.05). Ethanol, acetic acid,1-penten-3-ol, and 2-methylbutanal were each greatest in loins aged for 56 d (P<0.05). Aging at 4°C yielded the greatest concentrations of ethanol and heptanoic acid (P<0.05). Off-flavor development increased during extended aging but was dependent on storage temperature. Extended aging (>28 d) conducted at colder temperatures did not negatively influence palatability. Aging for 14 d at −2°C was detrimental to consumer liking. It may be concluded that both aging temperature and duration should be considered when seeking to optimize beef palatability.
¿De verdad Francisco de Vitoria fue el padre del derecho internacional?
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pablo Antonio
Published: February 2023

Francisco de Vitoria fue el primer intelectual que reflexionó sobre las nuevas características que el descubrimiento de América traería a la organización del mundo. Utilizó argumentos doctrinales, por lo que se le reconoció la paternidad del derecho internacional, tal como se desarrolló en los siglos posteriores. Tuvo la virtud de considerar la existencia de un totus orbis, que hoy llamaríamos “comunidad internacional”. Luego, rivalizaría con Hugo Grocio en relación con la paternidad de esta rama del derecho. Sin embargo, su pensamiento quizá no fue bien entendido. Vitoria no estaba pensando en un ordenamiento cuyo centro fuera el Estado sino la persona.
A obrigação de não-reconhecimento de um ato ilícito internacional no caso palestina v. Estados Unidos da América na Corte Internacional de Justiça
Authors: Machado Franco Rodrigo
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo debater a pertinência de se aviltar uma violação à obrigação de não-reconhecimento de atos ilícitos internacionais na análise de mérito do caso Palestina v. Estados Unidos da América (EUA) na Corte Internacional de Justiça. O trabalho defenderá a hipótese de que há pertinência em se notar tal violação e, para tanto, dedicar-se-á a analisar a natureza da obrigação em questão conforme expressa nos Artigos sobre Responsabilidade dos Estados da Comissão de Direito Internacional da ONU, a jurisprudência contenciosa e consultiva da Corte Internacional de Justiça dedicada ao tema e, por fim, a prática dos Estados e as resoluções do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas pertinentes ao caso. À conclusão caberá reafirmar os argumentos expostos no texto e a hipótese por ele sustentada.
Liderazgo y participación de las mujeres en la política global
Authors: Mandujano Rubio Saúl , Castañeda Rayas Nayelly Stephany
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo expone la participación de las mujeres en la política global y aborda la manera en que trasciende la visión dominante del paradigma entre liderazgo y género. De igual manera, afirma la existencia de nuevos lideratos con modelos transversales, menos verticales y más empáticos. Además, analiza la intervención de las mujeres en las altas esferas de la política global, a partir de liderazgos más abiertos y colaborativos, y menos jerárquicos. Por último, describe la feminización del poder político y examina el legado de Ángela Merkel, Jacinda Ardern, Kamala Harris y Sanna Marin.
ОЙЛГОХУЙ БА ТАЙЛБАРЛАХУЙН ХАРИЦААНЫ ТУХАЙ ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКИЙН АСУУДАЛ
Authors: Г.Лодой, В.И.Павлов
Published: February 2023

Товч утга: Философийн герменевтикийг Х.Г.Гадамер “Үнэн ба арга. Философийн герменевтикийн үндэс” хэмээх зохиолдоо анх хэрэглэжээ. Түүний өмнөх үеийнхэн энэ асуудалд хүмүүнлэгийн ухааны ерөнхий онол, арга зүй талаас нь голлон анхаарч байсан бол Х.Г.Гадамер энэ хандлагад шүүмжлэлтэй хандаж байсан ба философи сэтгэлгээний оновчтой хэлбэр бол герменевтик буюу ойлгохуйн ухаан байх ёстой гэдэг санааг бүх талаар үндэслэхийг оролдож байжээ. Г.Гадамерын үзэж байгаагаар, хэл бол хүн ертөнц хоёрыг нэгтгэн холбогч орчин бөгөөд тэрээр ойлгохуйн оногдохуй болж байдаг ахуй нь болдог юм. Хүн ертөнцийн харилцаа нь хэлний хүчин зүйлсээр нөхцөлдсөн байдаг учир ойлгох боломжтой байдаг хэмээн тэрбээр үздэг ажээ.
ONE NATION-DIFFERENT FATES: KAZAKHSTAN IN PURSUIT OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors: Aktolkyn Kulsariyeva, Zhanerke Shaigozova, Madina Sultanova,
Published: February 2023

Brief meaning: This article provides analysis of experience which modern Kazakhstan went through in process of determination of its own identity and place in the world in midst of rising globalization. Attempts to restore and safeguard the national identity become common practice in post-soviet countries including Kazakhstan. The transition from soviet identity to its own identity and recognition of being  “Kazakhstani” proved to be quite challenging. This article focuses on problems of cultural self-recognition in Kazakhstan, in pursuit of its own unique identity through overcoming barriers that resulted during course of historical development artificially raised by Kazakhs themselves.
Habilidades para la vida y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de la salud en Bogotá DC, Colombia, 2021
Authors: Guerrero-Aragón Sandra Catalina , Madrid-Lobo Jose Carmelo , Rico-Salas Rafael Gabriel , Rojas-Martínez Katherine
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del bienestar psicológico y el nivel de habilidades para la vida en estudiantes de pregrado de una institución educativa de ciencias de la salud en la ciudad de Bogotá. Metodología donde se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en 340 estudiantes de la facultad de: medicina, instrumentación, enfermería, psicología y citohistología. Se aplicó la escala de habilidades para la vida y bienestar psicológico de RYFF. Resultados: De los 340 estudiantes y las 10 dimensiones del test las habilidades para la vida evaluadas se encontraban en mayor frecuencia en un nivel normal bajo o normal alto de acuerdo con la mediana del puntaje Z; con relación al test de bienestar psicológico se encontró que la prevalencia del nivel de bienestar psicológico en los estudiantes de pregrado evaluados, alto en un 15.59%, moderado en el 79.12% y de 5.29% para un nivel bajo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud se encuentran valores en normal alto y bajo, en los niveles de habilidades para la vida necesarios para poder tener un adecuado desarrollo profesional y personal, por lo que habría un beneficio en un mayor fortalecimiento y educación sobre este tema, al poder convertirlas en factor protector frente a enfermedades mentales como la depresión y la ansiedad.
Diseño, validación facial y de contenido del instrumento “rol del cuidador familiar en administración de medicamentos”.
Authors: Chaparro-Diaz Olivia Lorena , Rojas-Marín Maria Zoraida , Carreño-Moreno Sonia Patricia , Carrillo-Algarra Ana Julia , Pachecho-Hernandez Orlando , Esquivel Garzón Natalia
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para medir la adopción del rol del cuidador familiar en la administración de medicamentos en personas con enfermedad crónica y establecer tanto su validez de contenido como facial. Método: Estudio metodológico que incluyó tres fases: diseño del instrumento, determinación de la validez de contenido con 9 expertos y determinación de la validez facial mediante entrevistas cognitivas a 14 cuidadores y juicios de 30 cuidadores de adultos con enfermedades crónicas. Resultados: Se obtuvo un cuestionario conformado por 32 ítems distribuidos en 3 dimensiones denominadas labores, organización y respuesta ante el rol. El instrumento presentó una adecuada validez de contenido dado que todos los ítems superaron el CVI mínimo de 0,58, mientras que para la escala total fue de 0,97. Por su parte, la validez facial mostró que la claridad fue del 99,6%, la comprensión fue del 98,4% y la precisión fue del 96,9%. Conclusión: El instrumento Adopción del rol en la administración de medicamentos mide de forma lógica el constructo y los ítems que lo conforman representan adecuadamente sus dominios.
Autopercepción de salud de adolescentes escolarizados en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Madero-Zambrano Kendy Paola , Del Toro-Rubio Moraima
Published: February 2023

Introducción: La adolescencia es una etapa esencial dentro del ciclo de vida humano. La presencia de enfermedades en esta etapa puede afectar la capacidad para crecer y desarrollarse a plenitud, sobre todo cuando son de índole física, psicológica y ocurren en contextos escolares. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción de salud que tienen los estudiantes adolescentes matriculados en instituciones educativas en tiempos de pandemia por Covid-19. Cartagena 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal, y correlacional. Población de 1188 estudiantes de 12-17 años de dos instituciones educativas en Cartagena (Colombia). Muestra estimada de 319 sujetos, seleccionados a través de muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó encuesta sociodemográfica diseñada por el equipo investigador y validada por expertos y para el estado de salud percibido se usó el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36, la versión en español adaptada culturalmente al contexto colombiano por Lugo, García y Gómez la cual cuenta con alfas de Cronbach entre 0,7 y 0,94. Resultados: Los adolescentes fueron principalmente de 15 años (21,9%), de octavo (21,7%) y noveno (27,7%), se dedican a estudiar (95,9%), en sus familias se devengan menos del salario mínimo (42,3%) y entre 1-2 (40,8%). Viven con padre y madre, con o sin hermanos (72,7%), los padres están casados o en unión libre (60,5%) y han estudiado hasta bachillerato tanto madres (54,9%) como padres (49,2%). La autopercepción de la salud fue buena (32,6%) y excelente (33,9%). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre dicha autopercepción y edad, grado, escolaridad del padre y valoración del rendimiento académico. Conclusión: Pese a la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la pandemia de covid-19, la autopercepción de salud que tienen un grupo de estudiantes adolescentes resulta ser favorable y positiva.
Enfermería ante la (des)humanización, una responsabilidad inherente ante la ciencia del cuidado
Authors: Rodríguez-Artavia Allan
Published: February 2023

Cuando se tiene en el presente el avance de la ciencia, la innovación tecnológica, los esfuerzos de la medicina por ser cada vez ser más especializada, y extender al ser humano todas las posibles nuevas alternativas para tratar una afección, se puede indicar sin temor a la equivocación que en salud se está avanzando.
Es por ello que la Enfermería, como ciencia de la salud, debe de esforzarse en el ejercicio diario, a la compresión y manejo de la innovación en la atención, pues las condiciones para prestar un cuidado se complejizan, y requieren del mayor y más avanzado conocimiento y destreza para lograr los resultados, dado a que los procesos de la gestión en salud, implican no solo la inversión en recurso económico, tecnológico, farmacológico y humano, sino que conlleva a la vez el buscar la mayor condición de bienestar, hacia las personas, en las cuales se brinda tal atención.
Capricious commensalisms: Consumption of coral spawn by the ruby brittle star (Ophioderma rubicundum)
Authors: Williamson Olivia , Mustard Alexander , Bright Allan , Williams Dana , Ladd Mark C. , Baker Andrew C.
Published: February 2023

Many reef invertebrates reproduce through simultaneous broadcast
spawning, with an apparent advantage of overwhelming potential predators
and maximizing propagule survival. Although reef fish have been observed
to consume coral gamete bundles during spawning events, there are no
published records of such predation by benthic invertebrates. Here, we
document several instances of the ruby brittle star, Ophioderma
rubicundum, capturing and consuming egg-sperm bundles of the
mountainous star coral, Orbicella faveolata, and the symmetrical
brain coral, Pseudodiploria strigosa, during spawning events in
the Cayman Islands in 2012 and the Florida Keys in 2022. These
observations are widely separated in space and time (>600
km, 10 years), suggesting that this behavior may be ubiquitous on
western Atlantic reefs. Since O. rubicundum spawns on the same or
subsequent nights as these coral species, we hypothesize that this
opportunistic feeding behavior takes advantage of the coral’s lipid-rich
bundles to recover energy reserves expended by the brittle star during
gametogenesis. The consumption of coral gametes by adult brittle stars
suggests a novel trophic link between reef invertebrates, and also
provides evidence that ophiuroid-coral symbioses may oscillate between
commensalism and parasitism depending on the ontogeny and reproductive
status of both animals. Our observations provide insights into the
nuanced, dynamic associations between coral reef invertebrates and may
have implications for coral fecundity and resilience.
VIABILITY OF A WILDLIFE CORRIDOR: CASE OF MAKUYUNI WILDLIFE CORRIDOR IN TANZANIA
Authors: Lyimo Emmanuel , Mayengo Gabriel , Nguma Damian , Castico David , Martin Emanuel , Hariohay Kwaslema , Kisingo Alex
Published: February 2023

Wildlife corridors play a vital role in maintaining genetic connectivity
between distant populations and provide a mix of habitats for various
wildlife. Makuyuni wildlife corridor in Arusha, Tanzania, is a critical
connection between Tarangire National Park, Lolkisale, Simanjiro Game
Controlled Areas, Manyara Ranch, and Essmingor Forest Nature Reserve.
The corridor is the main route of the northern sub-population of
elephants in Tarangire National Park. Currently, the corridor faces
activities such as settlements, livestock keeping, and farmlands. Ground
distance sampling and GPS location were used to assess the number of
individuals counted, frequency of occurrence (e), and abundance
(estimate ± standard error) of large mammal species. Further,
classification of satellite images was used to determine land use and
land cover change between 2015 and 2021in the Makuyuni study site. Eight
herbivores and two carnivore species were observed during our study,
with different encounter rates and estimates. The most abundant wildlife
species were Thomson gazelles (e=88, 1511±256), elephant (e=12, 783
±198), zebra (e=14, 694±239), Giraffe (e=10, 185 ±74). We also
encountered two livestock species in the study area; shoats (sheep and
goat) (e=27, 15854 ±2020) and cattle (e=26, 7479 ±2126). In 2015, the
261 km2 Makuyuni study area was covered by 36.8% farmland, 24.11%
woodland, 6.2% shrubland, 15.6% grassland, 17.2% bare land, and 0.1%
water. In 2021 farmland increased to 41%, woodland, to 11.28%,
shrubland to 9.1%, and 24.2% grassland. However, bare land was reduced
to 14.4% and water to 0.03%. Despite the loss of habitat and increased
human activities, the corridor remains viable for wildlife movements due
to the wildlife distribution pattern connecting Lolkisale-Simanjiro GCAs
and Tarangire National Park to Essmingor Forest Nature Reserve. The
revealed distribution and connectivity may also pose a plan and piloting
the implementation of the corridor regulation of 2018 by setting beacons
while controlling human activities
Increased dialysis symptom index burden in maintenance hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 lockdown period
Authors: Zhao Wen-Man , Zhu Li , Zhu Yvyv , Li Xun-Liang , Shi Rui , Wang Zhi-Juan , Pan Hai-Feng , Wang De-Guang , Yuan Liang
Published: February 2023

The high prevalence of dialysis-related symptoms in maintenance
hemodialysis (MHD) patients severely affect quality of life. Therefore,
in this study, we assessed the dialysis symptom index (DSI) of MHD
patients during the second wave of COVID-19, which triggered a health
crisis, resulting in many cities in China opting for social isolation. A
total of 106 MHD patients from our center were screened. DSI, sleep
quality, and fatigue scales were investigated separately before and
during lockdown. Demographic and laboratory data of MHD patients were
collected. A nomogram was used to predict high DSI by combining multiple
indicators. Additionally, internal validation was performed to reduce
overfitting bias. The mean age of patients was 56.0 years (SD 13.1). The
prevalence and severity of DSI were significantly higher during lockdown
than pre-lockdown. Notably, itching, trouble staying asleep, bone or
joint pain, muscle cramps, feeling irritability, difficulty
concentrating, headache, constipation, and feeling nervous were observed
( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis
identified longer dialysis vintage, lower albumin level, and lower Kt/V
as predictors of high DSI. Additionally, the nomogram showed good
accuracy in estimating high DSI with a C-index and bootstrap-corrected
index of 0.875 and 0.863, respectively. Moreover, calibration plots
showed optimal consistency with the actual presence of high DSI. We
found a higher prevalence of DSI in MHD patients during the COVID-19
lockdown. Furthermore, patients with longer dialysis vintage, lower
albumin levels and Kt/V had a risk of developing high DSI. Further
studies should identify targeted therapies for improving the symptom
burden of MHD patients.
Biomembrane Force Probe (BFP): Designs, advancements and recent applications to live-cell mechanobiology
Authors: Moldovan Laura , Song Caroline , Chen Catherine , Wang Jerry , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: February 2023

Mechanical forces play a crucial role in biological processes at the
molecular and cellular levels. Recent advancements in dynamic force
spectroscopies (DFS) have enabled the application and measurement of
forces and displacements with high resolutions, providing insights into
the mechanical pathways involved in various diseases, including cancer,
cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19. Among the various DFS techniques,
biomembrane force probe (BFP) advancements have improved our ability to
measure bond kinetics and cellular mechanosensing with pico-newton and
nano-meter resolutions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive
overview of the classical BFP-DFS setup and highlight key advancements,
including the development of dual biomembrane force probe (dBFP) and
fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP). BFP-DFS not only enables
the investigation of dynamic bond behaviors on living cells, but also
contributed significantly to our understanding of the specific
ligand–receptor axes mediated cell mechanosensing. Besides, we explore
the contribution of discoveries made possible by BFP-DFS in cancer
biology, thrombosis, and inflammation, as well as predict future BFP
upgrades to improve output and feasibility. Although BFP-DFS is still a
niche research modality, its contribution to the growing field of cell
mechanobiology is unparalleled, and its potential to elucidate novel
therapeutic discoveries is significant.
Global transmission of Monkeypox virus -- a potential threat under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Yang , Leng Ping
Published: February 2023

Since May 2022, Monkeypox virus (MPXV) cases have dramatically increased
worldwide. In this comprehensive review, we describe the basic
characteristics, transmission routes, and susceptible individuals of
MPXV as well as discuss the main causes of the current outbreak. The
history, clades, genetic evolution, and transmission tendency of MPXV
are depicted. Regarding viral transmission analysis in several
geographical spots, we would like to point out that men who have sex
with men (MSM) could play important roles in the process of transmission
that eventually causes viral outbreaks. Susceptible populations at high
risk of infection alert society to raise awareness on the protection of
these special individuals. We also highlight that airline traveling is a
driving force in causing international MPXV transmission. Further
summarization of the clinical implications, the prevention of MPXV, and
clinical measures of viral detection can enable the rapid diagnosis of
MPXV.
System-level transcriptomics of wheat responses to FHB identifies gene regulatory networks and conserved master regulators as key susceptibility genes
Authors: Bonhomme Ludovic , Rocher Florian , Dou Samir , Philippe Géraldine , Martin Marie-Laure , Label Philippe , Langin Thierry
Published: February 2023

Plant diseases are driven by an intricate set of defense mechanisms
counterbalanced by the expression of host susceptibility factors
promoted through the action of pathogen effectors. In spite of their
central role in the establishment of the pathology, the primary
components of plant susceptibility are still poorly understood and
challenging to trace. Focusing on Fusarium head blight (FHB) in bread
wheat and integrating plant transcriptomics responses from a susceptible
cultivar facing Fusarium graminearum strains of different
aggressiveness, we described unexpected differential expression of a
conserved set of transcription factors and an original subset of master
regulators were evidenced using a regulation network approach. The
dual-integration with the expression data of pathogen effector genes
combined with database mining, demonstrated robust connections with the
plant molecular regulators and identified relevant candidate genes
involved in plant immunity, mostly able to suppress plant defense
mechanisms. Furthermore, taking advantage of wheat cultivars of
contrasting susceptibility levels, a refined list of 142 conserved
susceptibility gene candidates were proposed to be necessary host’s
determinants for the establishment of a compatible interaction. In this
respect, our findings provide new clues for improving FHB control in
wheat and also could conceivably leverage further original researches
dealing with a broader spectrum of plant pathogens.
High prevalence of blaCTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Gambian hooded vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus) – a threatened species with substantial human interaction
Authors: Woksepp Hanna , Camara Fagimba , Bonnedahl Jonas
Published: February 2023

One hundred fecal samples from hooded vultures in the Gambia (Banjul
area) were investigated for the presence of bacteria with
extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESBL/AmpC), carbapenemases, and
colistin resistance. No Enterobacteriales carrying carbapenemases or
resistance against colistin were detected. Fifty-four ESBL-producing
Escherichia coli and five ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
were identified in 52 of the samples, of which 52 E. coli and 4 K.
pneumoniae yielded passed sequencing results. Fifty of the E. coli had
ESBL phenotype and genotype harboring blaCTX-M genes, of which 88.5%
(n=46) were the blaCTX-M-15 gene, commonly found on the African
continent. Furthermore, the genetic context around blaCTX-M-15 was
similar between isolates, being co-localized with ISKpn19. In contrast,
cgMLST analysis of the E. coli harboring ESBL genes revealed a genetic
distribution over a large fraction of the currently known existing E.
coli populations in the Gambia. Hooded vultures in the Gambia thus have
a high ESBL E. coli-prevalence (>50%) with low diversity
regarding key resistance genes. Furthermore, given the urban presence
and frequent interactions between hooded vultures and humans, data from
this study implies hooded vultures as potential vectors contributing to
the further dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes.
An Integrated Digital Health Care Platform for Diabetes Management With AI-Based Dietary Management: 48-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee You-Bin , Kim Gyuri , Jun Ji Eun , Park Hyunjin , Lee Woo Je , Hwang You-Cheol , Kim Jae Hyeon
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the efficacy of an integrated digital health care platform with artificial intelligence (AI)–based dietary management in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this 48-week, open-label, randomized, multicenter clinical trial, overweight or obese adults with T2D were randomly assigned to one of three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: group A received routine diabetes care; group B used the digital integrated health care platform by themselves; and group C used the platform with feedback from medical staff and intermittently applied personal continuous glucose monitoring. The primary end point was the difference of change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks between groups A and B, while secondary end points included changes in HbA1c from baseline to 48 weeks and changes in body weight during follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 294 participants were randomly assigned to group A (n = 99), B (n = 97), or C (n = 98). The decreases in HbA1c from baseline to 24 and 48 weeks in group B (−0.32 ± 0.58% to 24 weeks and −0.28 ± 0.56% to 48 weeks) and group C (−0.49 ± 0.57% to 24 weeks and −0.44 ± 0.62% to 48 weeks) were significantly larger than those in group A (−0.06 ± 0.61% to 24 weeks and 0.07 ± 0.78% to 48 weeks). Groups B and C exhibited greater weight loss than group A from baseline to 24 weeks, and group C demonstrated more weight loss than group A from baseline to week 48.

CONCLUSIONS

Among adults with T2D, use of an integrated digital health care platform with AI-driven dietary management resulted in better glycemia and more weight loss.
Topically administered NOX4 inhibitor, GLX7013114, is efficacious in treating the early pathological events of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dionysopoulou Stavroula , Wikstrom Per , Bucolo Claudio , Romano Giovanni Luca , Micale Vincenzo , Svensson Richard , Spyridakos Dimitris , Mastrodimou Niki , Georgakis Spiros , Verginis Panayotis , Walum Erik , Thermos Kyriaki
Published: February 2023

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are major players in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), implicated in various neurodegenerative ocular pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114), in two in vivo experimental streptozotocin (STZ) paradigms depicting the early events of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetic-treated animals received GLX7013114 topically (20μl/eye, 10mg/ml, once daily), for 14d (Paradigm A/preventive) and 7d (Paradigm B/treated), 48hr and four wks post STZ-injection, respectively. A number of methodologies were employed (immunohistochemistry, western blot, real time PCR, ELISA, PERG) to assess the diabetes induced early events of DR, namely oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, and the effect of GLX7013114 on the diabetic insults. GLX7013114, administered as eye-drops (paradigms A,B) was beneficial in treating the oxidative nitrative stress, activation of caspase-3 and micro/macroglia and attenuation of neuronal markers. It also attenuated the diabetes induced increase in VEGF, Evans-Blue leakage and proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α protein, IL-1β/IL-6 mRNA). PERG amplitude values suggested that GLX7013114 protected retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function (Paradigm B). In conclusion, this study provides new findings regarding the pharmacological profile of the novel NOX4 inhibitor GLX7013114, as a promising therapeutic candidate, for the treatment of the early stage of DR.
Pengolahan Ampas Tahu menjadi Kerupuk Kulit Tahu untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pekerja Industri Tahu Di Kelurahan Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Wahyudi Heru , Asri Siti Ambarwati Dwi , Paujiah Sipa
Published: February 2023

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan pada Pekerja Pembuat Tahu di Kelurahan Way Halim memiliki tujuan dan target yang ingin dicapai yaitu menghasilkan produk bernilai ekonomis dari limbah ampas tahu. Untuk mencapai itu, maka mitra akan diberi sosialisasi dan pendampingan selama kegiatan PkM berlangsung. Mitra diberikan pengetahuan tentang ampas tahu dan pelatihan pembuatan kerupuk kulit tahu. Kerupuk kulit tahu dipilih karena cara memperoleh bahan baku dan cara pembuatannya sangat mudah. Target peserta yang diharapkan adalah pekerja pembuat tahu dan warga di Kelurahan Way Halim.Pelatihan berjalan sesuai target yang direncanakan yaitu peserta mampu mengelola ampas tahu menjadi kerupuk kulit tahu. Pengolahan ampas tahu ini juga dapat menggerakkan roda perekonomian dan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan serta lingkungan Kelurahan Way Halim akan tetap sehat, aman dan nyaman.
The Introduction of Cassava Leaf Flour in Commercial Feed on Performance of KUB Chickens
Authors: Nova Khaira , Tantalo Syahrio , Sutrisna Rudy , Darmawan Agit , Kusuma Muhammad Fadhil Vias , Hasiib Etha ‘Azizah
Published: February 2023

The study aimed to determine the effect and the best level of using cassava leaf flour added in commercial feed on feed intake, live weight, carcass weight, giblet weight of KUB chickens at 9 weeks. The research used  completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Every replication consisted of 4 chickens. Eighty KUB chickens were randomly allotted into 4 treatments. The treatments were commercial feed without the addition of cassava leaf flour (P0); addition of 5% cassava leaf flour (P1); addition of 10% cassava leaf flour (P2), and  addition of 15% cassava leaf flour (P3) to the commercial ration BR1. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine the effect of adding cassava leaf flour in the commercial ration BR 1 on the measured variables in KUB chickens aged 9 weeks. The result showed  that adding cassava leaf flour in commercial feed showed significant effect in decreasing feed intake, live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight in KUB chickens aged 9 weeks.
Performance of Peking Ducks (Anas plathyrinchos) Adding Kencur Flour (Kaemferia galanga) in their rations
Authors: Herlina Betty , Suningsih Nining , Setiyani Setiyani
Published: February 2023

The research objective was to determine the performance of Peking ducks which were added with galangal flour in their rations. The research method was an experimental method using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications where each replication consisted of 4 ducks. The study was conducted for 56 days. The research materials were 96 Day Old Ducks, rations (milled corn, bran, tofu dregs, and kale waste), drinking water, sugar water and calx. The equipment used were a stage cage, a litter, a place for feeding and drinking, a scale, stationery and other equipment. The treatments consisted of P0 = basal ration, P1 = P0 + 0.1% galangal flour, P2 = P0 + 0.2% galangal flour, P3 = P0 + 0.3% galangal flour, P4 = P0 + 0.4% galangal flour, and P5 = P0 + 0.5% galangal flour. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and mortality. Data were analysed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the addition of galangal flour in the ration had a significant effect (P <0.05) on ration consumption and body weight gain and had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on ration conversion and mortality. The conclusion of this research is that the performance of Peking ducks which were given the addition of galangal flour in the ration could increase the feed consumption and body weight gain, but has not been efficient in reducing the value of feed conversion and the percentage of mortality.
Relationship between Body Weight and Dry Matter Intake of Dry-off Cows with Birth Weight and Body Measurements of Calves
Authors: Permatasari Desi Surya , Harjanti Dian Wahyu , Hartanto Rudy
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research was to find out and examine the relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight of dry-off cows on calf performance. This research was conducted at CV. Capita Farm and Rias farmers group in Getasan, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The research material was 26 cows and 26 calves that were born. This research was conducted observationally with the observed parameters were changes in the cow's body weight and consumption of DMI for 2 weeks before parturition with data collection every week, and also calf body weight and calf body measuremnets including body length, height and chest circumference at birth. The model of the relationship between parameters was tested with a simple regression test and t-test to determine differences in birth weight between male and female calves. The results showed that the weight of the parent body and the amount of dry-off DMI cow consumption at the end of dry periode did not correlate with calf body weight and calf body size. Calf body weight was influenced by gender with males having heavier weights than birth weight of female calves. Weight of male and female calf was 40.93 and 35.91 kg, respectively. In conclusion, the body weight of the dry-off cows and DMI of the dry-off cows could not be used to estimate the birth weight and body measureents of calves.
Efficiency Of Production Factor Allocation Of Cattle Breeding Business (Case Study in Asto Mulyo Village, Punggur District, Central Lampung Regency)
Authors: Maimunah Emi , Sirat Muhiddin , Pratiwi Detia Melati
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze some factors of beef cattle production in Asto Mulyo Village, Sub-district of Punggur, Central Lampung regency which has the positive effect on production, then carried out an analysis of the allocative efficiency of production factors, to determine the level of efficiency in terms of price factors used in the beef cattle business in Asto Mulyo Village. To test the significance of the factors of production, it is carried out using a regression test with the Cobb-Douglas function analysis. Meanwhile, the analysis of allocative efficiency can be analyzed by calculating the production function to find out Xi* or the number of optimum factors used. The results of the analysis of production factors indicate that the variables of the calf, feed, vaccine, and labor have a positive and significant effect on beef production. While for the results of the analysis of the allocative efficiency shows that the calf and feed variables are not cost-efficiency, so input should be reduced, vaccine variables are not yet cost-efficiency, therefore input must be added, and labor variables are almost cost-efficiency, hence there must still be a reduction on the input. Modern and technology-based livestock innovation is expected to be able to increase production and farmers' income in Asto Mulyo Village, Punggur Sub-district, Central Lampung regency.
Growth and Stock Of Swamp Buffalo (Buballus buballis) in Kuantan District, Kuansing Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Arifsyah Muhammad , Mucra Dewi Ananda , Elfawati Elfawati
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to know the population structure, natural increase, net replacement stock, and output of buffalo, as well as the holding capacity and capacity of breeders in managing the buffalo. The research was conducted in 14 villages based on the largest number of buffalo population. The material of this research was buffalo (1,802 heads) and buffalo breeders with a total of 179 respondents. The parameters measured were population structure, natural increase, net replacement rate (NRR), output, area carrying capacity and livestock ability to raise. Data were analyzed descriptively by displaying the mean and standard deviation. The results showed that the population structure was dominated by female 68.03%, natural increase 34.74%, male NRR 145.10%; female NRR 310.61%, output 16.83%. the carrying capacity of the Kuantan Tengah area was 10,685.67 ST with the ability of 45.58% breeders. Conclusion: Buffalo cattle in Central Kuantan District have high productivity and Central Kuantan District could be used as a source area for buffalo seedlings.
Improving Nutritional Quality of Turbinaria murayana Seaweed with Fermentation Technology using Local Microorganisms as Poultry Feed
Authors: Reski Sepri , Suhartati Linda , Mahata Maria Endo
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to increase the nutritional content of brown seaweed type Turbinaria murayana by using fermentation methods using different local microorganisms (MOL) as ingredients for poultry feed. The material used is brown seaweed type Turbinaria murayana taken from Sungai Nipah Beach, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province and MOL as an inoculum. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatment was fermentation using different MOLs, namely No MOL (Control), Bamboo Shoot MOL, Rice MOL, Fruit MOL, Vegetable MOL and Banana Weevil MOL. The results showed that fermentation of brown seaweed type Turbinaria murayana using different MOL had a very significant effect (P≤0.01) on the levels of dry matter, crude fibre, crude protein and crude fat. The best improvement in the nutritional quality of fermented Turbinaria murayana seaweed was found in the fermentation treatment using fruit MOL with the nutritional content of 95.17% dry matter, 5.27% crude fiber, 21.43% crude protein, and 2.41% crude fat.
Morphology of Local Sweet Potatos (Ipomoea batatas) Leave Waste in Disused Limestone Mining Areas were Fertilized by Goat Litter Compost
Authors: Sarwanto Doso , Tuswati Sari Eko
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the morphology of local sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf waste as forage in disused limestone mining areas were fertilized by goat compost litter. The method used in this research was an experimental method in the disused limestone mining area by using a factorial pattern with a completed randomized design, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Factor I was three types of local sweet potatoes, namely purple (U), white (P) and yellow (K) sweet potatoes, while the Factor II was the level of goat litter fertilization, namely k1: Level of goat litter fertilization 0.5 kg. / m2, k2: 1 kg / m2, k3: 1.5 kg / m2 and k4: 2 kg / m2. The morphology of sweet potato leaf waste was measuredby the number of leaf, the width of leaf, the length of leaf stalk and the weight of leaf . The results showed that the local type of sweet potato had significant different (P < 0.05) but the level of goat compost litter fertilization had no significant different (P > 0.05) on the morphology.  Judging from the, it can be concluded that the waste of orange (O) sweet potato leaf with goat litter fertilization of at least 1 kg/m2 or 10 tons/ha has a high morphology, so that the amount of sweet potato leafwaste which was produced for the forage will be high.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF FEED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION WITH THE ADDITION OF DRAGON FRUIT SKIN FLOUR (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Aprilia Tulas , Rakhmawati Rakhmawati
Published: February 2023

Providing high-quality feed is one of the efforts to increase fish productivity and growth and reduce fish mortality. One of the additional alternative feed ingredients as a source of vegetable protein is dragon fruit peel which can be used as an additional ingredient in fish feed. The study of the chemical composition of feed with the addition of dragon fruit peel flour is essential information to determine the effect of addition and the benefits of by-products (waste) from food processing in aquaculture development. This study aims to evaluate the quality of the chemical composition of feed after being treated with the addition of dragon peel flour through proximate analysis. The test was carried out at the Agricultural Product Technology Laboratory of Lampung State Polytechnic, from June to August 2020. The test results showed that dragon fruit peel flour had a carbohydrate content of 50.74%, crude fiber 26.22%, ash 21.35%, protein 5.08%, and fat 4.80% (dry weight). The test results showed that the addition of dragon fruit peel flour increased the protein content in the feed, which increased with the increase in the added dragon fruit flour. The highest protein content in treatment was 1.5%, namely 37.79% (dry weight), and decreased in the addition of dragon fruit flour by 2.0%. The highest ash content in the addition of 2.0% was 11.32% (dry weight). The content of crude fiber, carbohydrates and fat has decreased with the increasing dose of dragon fruit flour. The addition of dragon fruit peel flour can increase the protein content in the feed to substitute in the manufacture of fish feed. This also increases the utilization of dragon fruit peel waste, especially in aquaculture, to reduce waste disposal into the environment.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND LOCAL ISOLATE BACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST AS BIOCONTROL CANDIDATES TO TACKLE Vibrio Spp INFECTIONS AT VANNAMEI SHRIMP CULTIVATION (Litopenaeus vannamei) IN EAST LAMPUNG
Authors: Riana Heidy , Supono Supono , Setyawan Agus
Published: February 2023

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultivated type of shrimp with high economic value. One of the obstacles in pacific white shrimp cultivation is an infectious disease, especially Vibrio spp. This study aims to identify bacteria of biocontrol candidate against Vibrio spp. This research was conducted by the Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung and the laboratory of PT. Indolab Utama, West Jakarta, from September 2019 to January 2020. Bacteria of Biocontrol candidate were isolated from traditional shrimp pond water in Purworejo Village, Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency. Water samples were taken from the inlet, plot, and outlet. The bacterial screening was carried out by testing the antagonism of bacterial isolates isolated from water samples with several Vibrio bacteria, namely V. harveyi, V. algynoliticus, and V. parahemolyticus on Sea Water Complete (SWC) medium. The bacterial isolates with the highest inhibitory activity were then identified morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly by 16s rRNA. The results showed that from those 10 isolates was found 1 bacterial isolate from water samples. Only one pond plot isolate (P1) was found that had inhibitory activity against V. harveyi and the size was 21 mm. The morphological test results showed the colonies were round, flat edges, convex elevation, cream colored, and included in the negative gram bacteria group. The results of biochemical tests showed that the bacteria were motile. Meanwhile, the molecular test results with 16s rRNA showed that the P1 bacteria were 99% similar to Aeromonas caviae isolates, which were found potential as biocontrol candidates because they can inhibit the growth of V. harveyi bacteria, which was characterized by the formation of a clear zone around the paper disk.