bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Durabilidad natural de la madera de renoval de Roble (Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) (Oerst.)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Elgueta M. Patricio , Hernández C. Gonzalo , Campos P. Raúl , Arriagada Navarrete Irma , Reyes Riquelme Cristian , Catalán L. Jorge , Vásquez V. Luis , Mardones Díaz Pablo
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar la durabilidad natural de la madera de renoval de roble sometida a la acción de dos hongos xilófagos de pudrición blanca, considerando madera de albura y duramen, de acuerdo a las categorías establecidas por Findlay (1962) y por la norma EN-350, las cuales se adecuan a las mencionadas en la norma NCh 789/1 (Maderas. Parte 1: Clasificación de maderas comerciales por su durabilidad natural).
Productos de Ingeniería en madera
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Gallardo Lara Cecilia
Published: August 2021

El propósito de este documento es aportar al sector forestal-maderero información de valor estratégico que pueda contribuir de forma positiva a los diversos actores que hoy desarrollan sus trabajos e investigaciones en el área de productos de madera para la construcción en el país.
En el documento se presenta una revisión y descripción de los productos de ingeniería en madera (EWP-Engineered Wood Products) que han desempeñado un papel importante en la innovación de materiales de construcción durante las últimas tres décadas y que son el resultado de la aplicación de la ciencia e ingeniería de materiales en el proceso de utilización óptima de componentes de madera.
Disponibilidad de madera nativa en renovales de Roble- Raulí- Coihue. Regiones de Ñuble a Los Ríos 2020 - 2049
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Martin Stuven Marjorie Caroline , Büchner Carlos , Sagardía Parga Rodrigo Oscar , Bahamóndez V. Carlos , Rojas Ponce Yasna , Guzmán Vargas Felipe , Barrientos A. Marco , Barrales M. Luis , Guiñez Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito generar proyecciones de oferta potencial de volumen de madera nativa en pie proveniente de renovales del Tipo Forestal Roble-Raulí-Coihue, presentes en la macro región comprendida entre la región de Ñuble y la región de Los Ríos. Esta información es de gran interés e importancia para el sector, especialmente para la pyme maderera, si se considera la baja en la oferta actual y futura de madera proveniente de plantaciones de pino. Se espera, por tanto, que esta información permita apoyar decisiones estratégicas respecto a la orientación de políticas públicas y privadas a nivel territorial, buscando agregar valor a estas formaciones nativas a través del manejo silvícola, el desarrollo de productos madereros y la innovación en sus usos finales.
El bosque nativo en Chile. Resultados del inventario forestal nacional período 2001-2015
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Bahamóndez V. Carlos , Sagardía Parga Rodrigo Oscar , Rose Joceline
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de enfrentar las amenazas, el Inventario Forestal Nacional entrega información sobre el estado y evolución del bosque nativo que sirve de apoyo para la toma de decisiones de las instituciones públicas vinculadas al tema forestal, al
medioambiente y a la planificación territorial en torno a su manejo, además de cubrir las necesidades de datos e información asociados a los diversos procesos internacionales que monitorean las acciones de los países hacia un desarrollo sustentable.
En este documento se entrega un análisis de datos resúmenes del Inventario Forestal Nacional del período de levantamiento del año 2001 al 2015, lo que permite describir el estado y condición de los recursos comprendidos en los bosques nativos de las regiones de Coquimbo a Magallanes.
Ganadería integrada al manejo de los bosques de Ñirre de Aysén: Buenas prácticas para compatibilizar la producción y la conservación del bosque
Authors: Salinas S. Jaime
Published: August 2021

Gran proporción de los bosques de ñirre presentan ganadería integrada, sin considerar aspectos técnicos y ambientales para compatibilizar la actividad forestal y la pecuaria, que puede derivar en la degradación de los ñirrantales. Lo anterior, sustenta la preocupación por los bosques de ñirre, ya que sólo con técnicas de manejo apropiadas, pueden continuar produciendo bienes y servicios en el tiempo.
Reconversión de cortinas forestales y protección ganadera
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Alarcón Araya César Christian , Barra Amador
Published: August 2021

Un proceso eficiente para lograr que las cortinas forestales ya establecidas mejoren su funcionalidad es la reconversión, el manejo silvícola y la agregación de nuevas estratas arbustivas a arbóreas, lo que apunta a un ahorro en el tiempo de espera, si se consideran los años que son necesarios para que los árboles crezcan y alcancen la altura requerida para proteger la superficie total del cultivo.

Este documento muestra el beneficio que representa para el sector agrícola y ganadero la reconversión de cortinas existentes, y también la utilidad que presta al rubro forestal por medio de la protección que brindan en viveros e invernaderos, utilización de cortafuegos o áreas de cortafuegos en plantaciones maduras o jóvenes, y la transformación de un bosque pronto a cosechar en un sitio con alta protección para iniciar una segunda rotación silvícola mucho más productiva que la primera.
Guía para la producción de Hongos Silvestres Deshidratados
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Chung Guin-po Patricio , Gómez López Alonso
Published: August 2021

El presente documento tiene como objetivo entregar a los recolectores de hongos silvestres comestibles una guía para la deshidratación de estos productos, y constituirse en un aporte a la búsqueda de mejores posibilidades para incrementar sus ingresos.

Las recomendaciones formuladas en este documento son las que se han considerado adecuadas en el momento de su preparación, pero pueden ser mejoradas con arreglo a los nuevos conocimientos adquiridos en experiencias posteriores. Estas recomendaciones hacen referencia a las especies del género Suillus, Lactarius y Morchella.
Perspectivas de mercado de la harina de castaña para consumo humano en Chile
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Benedetti Ruiz Susana , Delard R. Claudia , Subiri Poblete Mónica Patricia
Published: August 2021

Esta publicación reúne información referente al consumo, producción y comercialización de la harina de castañas proyectándose como una alternativa de negocio en Chile
Plantaciones mixtas. Un modelo productivo con potencial para Chile
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), González Ortega Marta Paola , Loewe Muñoz Verónica Francisca
Published: August 2021

Presenta información valiosa para quienes estén interesados en realizar inversiones productivas basadas principalmente en la innovación. Además, representa una importante herramienta técnica para el objetivo de contribuir a la incorporación progresiva de las cerca de cuatro millones de hectáreas de suelos de aptitud forestal, los cuales pueden sumarse a la actividad productiva de las ya exitosas hectáreas ocupadas con Pino radiata y Eucalipto, con nuevos cultivos forestales.
Estadísticas forestales 2000
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Proporciona antecedentes sobre la trayectoria del sector en la actividad económica del país, el recurso forestal existente y los niveles de producción y comercio de la industria forestal primaria durante 2000 y años anteriores
Exportaciones forestales chilenas Enero-Diciembre 2001
Authors:   Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile),   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

En el año 2001 las exportaciones forestales alcanzaron a US$ 2.205,6 millones, cifra inferior en un 7% a la del año 2000 que representa a su vez el 13% del total exportado por el país. Dicha participación se ha mantenido por tercer año consecutivo.
Estadísticas forestales 2001
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Proporciona antecedentes sobre la trayectoria del sector en la actividad económica del país, el recurso forestal existente y los niveles de producción y comercio de la industria forestal primaria durante 2001 y años anteriores
La Industria del Aserrío 2001
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Este documento provee los elementos clave que explican el desarrollo de la importante industria de la madera aserrada en el país, para que los interesados en el quehacer forestal dispongan de información para evaluar las principales tendencias de este rubro del sector forestal.

En la primera sección se presenta la posición de Chile a nivel mundial y regional en la Industria del Aserrío, para posteriormente detallar en la segunda parte los indicadores de la Industria, la estructura productiva, la producción de madera aserrada, el comercio internacional, el abastecimiento de madera, la ocupación, los aspectos tecnológicos, los tratamientos, las inversiones y los precios de la madera aserrada y elaborada. En la última sección se detalla la Industria del Aserrío región por región durante el año 2001
Establecimiento de plantaciones forestales. Pinus radiata. Pinus ponderosa. Pseudotsuga menziesii
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), García Rivas Edison , Silva Pérez Sandra Eliana , Sotomayor Garretón Alvaro , Valdebenito Rebolledo Gerardo Andrés
Published: August 2021

Este documento es parte de una serie que pretende dar a conocer en forma sencilla y clara el procedimiento a seguir para el adecuado establecimiento de una plantación. así como los aspectos básicos que se deben tener presentes para que la decisión de forestar sea aplicable y adecuada a los objetivos deseados.
El castaño. Una opción de producción forestal
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Benedetti Ruiz Susana , Subiri Poblete Mónica Patricia
Published: August 2021

En esta obra se muestran las posibilidades que el castaño tiene para ocupar un lugar relevante en el desarrollo futuro del sector rural e industrial de Chile, entregando las superficies desde las regiones del Maule a Los Lagos, donde puede ser plantado y crecer con vitalidad; los antecedentes básicos de la especie en cuanto a mercado del fruto y madera; la producción de plantas; las técnicas de plantación y manejo para la producción principalmente con fines madereros; características y opciones tecnológicas; y finalmente, rentabilidad de plantaciones bajo distintos esquemas de manejo.
Estadísticas forestales 2004 Región Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (XI Región)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Contenido: El sector forestal en la Región Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo; Equivalencias utilizadas; Principales indicadores 2003-2004; Relación Insumo-Producto; Unidades de medidaCap.1. Indicadores macroeconómicosCap.2. Recurso forestal Uso del suelo, Superficie de Bosque Nativo por provincia y tipo forestal, Plantaciones, sector estatal y privado, pequeños propietarios, planes de manejo CONAF por provincia y comuna, viveros, producción de plantas, semilla, incendios forestales, bonificaciones, Áreas Silvestre ProtegidasCap.3. Consumo y Producción Trozas, Madera aserrada, Empresas Forestales, aserraderos, industria de chapasCap.4. Comercio Exterior: Exportaciones forestales, Empresas exportadorasCap.5. Precios de productos forestales, principales productos a base de lenga, madera aserrada, madera elaborada, mercado interno, mercado externoCap.6. Transporte, infraestructura portuaria, transporte por provincia según tipo de camino, exportaciones forestales según puerto de embarqueCap.7. Ocupación Forestal, sector forestal según actividad, industria forestal, por provincia según tipo de aserradero, rango de producción y nivel de especializaciónCap.8. Indíces de precios, dólar. Precios al consumidor Chile, índice general de precios al por mayor Chile, índice de precios al consumidor EE.UU., índice general de precios mayoristas EE.UU., valor mensual del dólarCap.9. Directorios, operadores forestales, industria del aserrío, directorio industria del aserrío, viveros forestales
Monografía de quillay Quillaja saponaria
Authors:   Fundación para la Innovación Agraria (Chile), Benedetti Ruiz Susana ,   INDAP (Chile),   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Delard R. Claudia , González Ortega Marta Paola , Roach Barrios Felipe Andrés
Published: August 2021

Quillaja saponaria Mol. es comúnmente conocida como Quillay y su nombre genérico deriva de la denominación mapuche Küllay, mientras que su nombre específico proviene del vocablo latín para jabón (Saponis).

La especie en Chile se distribuye desde el río Limarí en la Región de Coquimbo hasta Collipulli en la Región de la Araucanía. El Quillay pertenece al tipo forestal esclerófilo, que se caracteriza por la presencia dominante de especies de hojas duras, de dimensiones tales que se pueden calificar de arbustivas o arborescentes. Es una de las especies más importantes del país por su abundancia y amplia distribución territorial. Su alta plasticidad permite encontrarla en sitios muy variados, desde lugares asoleados hasta las partes más altas de los cerros, soportando la sequía gracias a su enorme capacidad adaptativa. En el litoral se presenta como arbusto, mientras que en los valles y en el pie de monte cordillerano se encuentra como árbol.
Overview of middle and east-european market’s mergers and acquisitions in 2012 to 2017 period
Authors: Gira Dominik
Published: August 2021

As the markets of Middle and East-European countries, after transformation emerge more and more, mergers and acquisitions are becoming increasingly common form of business restructuring and strategic alliance. Increasing frequency of this type of deals pose as a pressure on business people and government officials at all levels to have a basic understanding of reasoning behind such actions and their mechanics. The following article provides a review of relevant sources containing theories of mergers and acquisitions. Its aim is to present highlights of merger and acquisition activity in context of these aforementioned theories on data concerning Middle and East-European countries, in a defined time-frame starting form 2012 to 2017.
Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Cats in Van Province
Authors: KARAKUŞ Ayşe , DENİZHAN Vural
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence and spread of gastrointestinal parasites in cats in the Van province.

Material and Method: The study consists of a total of 140 cat feces samples collected between March 2017 and March 2018. Stool samples were examined microscopically at 10X, 40X and 100X magnifications after applying native, flotation, sedimentation examination and carbolfuchsin staining method.

Results: Gastrointestinal parasites were found in the feces of 67 (47.86%) of a total of 140 cats examined in this study. As a result of the research Isospora spp. oocyst 43.28% (n:29), Toxocara cati egg 37.31% (n:25), Toxoplasma gondii-like oocyst 16.41% (n:11), hookworm egg 11.94% (n:8), Joyeuxiella spp. egg 11.94% (n:8), Cryptosporidium spp oocyst 10.44% (n:7), Toxascaris leonine egg 7.46% (n:5), and Dipylidium caninum egg 5.97% (n:4) at a rate of gastrointestinal parasites in cats have been identified. Infected cats were detected 67.16% (n:45) with one species, 20.40% (n:14) with two species and 11.94% (n:8) with three species..

Conclusion: As a result, since gastrointestinal helminths are so common in cats in the Van province and some of them are zoonotic, it also carries risks for human health. Therefore, we believe that periodic examinations of cats and necessary treatments are required, as well as protective measures and raising awareness of people on these issues.
O anti-intelectualismo nazi-capitalista emergente e o papel do conhecimento científico, filosófico, artístico e místico como resistência crítica e criadora na difusão social do conhecimento
Authors: Galeffi Dante Augusto
Published: August 2021

Texto apresentado no formato de palestra por ocasião do encerramento do Fórum Sociedade Crítica (FSC), evento do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais (PPGCHS).
Ecos de resistência nas tramas do artesanato militante
Authors: Castro Amanda Motta
Published: August 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa dentro do tema maior: “Educação popular, mulheres e pedagogias periféricas”. Neste estudo, analisaremos a criação e o desenvolvimento do grupo de Mulheres Negras de São Lourenço do Sul (MENE), que busca conhecer os processos artesanais de criação, a arte de ensinar e aprender o trabalho do artesanato, bem como potencializar a geração de emprego e renda. Na caminhada desse grupo, vamos nos deparar com a vida de estudantes negras que criaram um grupo de artesanato militante para resistir e sobreviver. Para isso, apresentamos uma breve contextualização sobre escravidão e a luta travada pelos movimentos sociais para a obtenção das conquistas de direitos básicos, como a possibilidade de estar na universidade pública. Em última análise podemos perceber, a partir do presente que, as mulheres que são objeto deste estudo, nos ensinam muito sobre a vida-liberdade.
Marcha das Margaridas
Authors: Kuhnen Tânia Aparecida
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta reflexões em torno da proposta de um feminismo latino-americano que parta da experiência de mulheres do Sul Global. O objetivo consiste em buscar nos documentos construídos pela Marcha das Margaridas, que apresentam as reivindicações desse movimento brasileiro de mulheres do campo, da floresta e das águas, alguns elementos para pensar um (eco)feminismo latino-americano. Para tanto, recorre-se ao arcabouço teórico dos ecofeminismos que oferecem alguns parâmetros para pensar a interseccionalidade para além de elementos que se referem à subalternização e dominação de grupos humanos, incluindo os problemas decorrentes das relações dualista-hierárquicas de exploração dos humanos com outras formas de vida. A literatura ecofeminista auxilia a perceber que a intersecção entre questões de gênero e ambientais são centrais no fazer e pensar feminista das mulheres que integram a Marcha das Margaridas. Tal movimento constrói caminhos alternativos para as políticas de colonização da vida, pautados no enfrentamento ao agronegócio e às monoculturas destinadas à produção de commodities, na preservação socioambiental por meio de práticas agroecológicas e de sustentação das formas de vida humanas e não humanas e na defesa da autonomia e da diversidade da vida das mulheres camponesas.
TRABALHO E A INFLUÊNCIA DE UM CAPELÃO NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: August Mariluce Emerim de Melo , Dos Santos Antunes Ana Lúcia , Klassen André Felipe
Published: August 2021

Este estudo trata do trabalho do Capelão Escolar. O capelão é a pessoa normalmente vinculada a uma denominação religiosa, líder ou pastor, atuante no cuidado espiritual e emocional em uma determinada instituição pública ou privada. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa bibliográfica é destacar possibilidades de valorização e influências positivas da capelania nas escolas, pois uma das finalidades de se ter um capelão presente é para promover apoio, tanto aos estudantes e seus familiares como aos profissionais da área educacional. No ambiente escolar deve atuar com os alunos e equipe pedagógica influenciando positivamente em diversas áreas de suas vidas. A capelania escolar pode ser exercida em forma de aconselhamento cristão, por exemplo. A pesquisa concluiu que o trabalho do capelão é relevante e tem várias possibilidades. No entanto, ele deve aplicar seus conhecimentos de maneira ética, respeitosa e com empatia.
Model Pembelajaran Pada Masa Covid-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Hairiah
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan model pembelajaran pada masa Covid-19 di Indonesia, karena masa Covid-19 ini pembelajaran menggunakan online dan pembelajaran jarak jauh yang menuntut penerapan model pembelajaran yang tepat dan dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Metode dengan kualitatif kajian literatur atau penelitian kepustakaan dengan analsis isi. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya pembelajaran online atau daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap minat belajar peserta didik, peserta didik merasa bosan karena tidak bertemu dengan teman dan gurunya secara langsung. Pandemi COVID-19 yang telah mempengaruhi banyak hal termasuk kehidupan pendidikan, orang tua peserta didik, peserta didik dan proses pembelajaran, sehingga perlunya seorang guru yang memiliki tanggung jawab untuk benar-benar mendidik para peserta didik dimana para  guru harus menemukan cara yang sesuai untuk mempromosikan proses pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning, Model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL), Model pembelajaran flipped classroom (FC), Model pembelajaran Lietarasi Digital (LD).
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits Terintegrasi Seni Melalui Narasi Berbasis Gambar Bercerita Surat Al-Fil Untuk Membangun Kemampuan Berpikir Siswa
Authors: Sri Bulan  , W Eka Wahyudi
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bentuk pengembangan media pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits dalam bentuk narasi gambar bercerita terkait materi surat Al-Fil dapat membangun kemampuan berpikir siswa kelas 2 MI. Pendekatan penelitian literatur review dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) model Dick dan Carey untuk mengahasilkan langkah-langkah dalam pengembangan produk. Pengembangan media Al-Qur'an Hadits dengan mengintegrasikan seni di dalamnya dengan bentuk gambar bercerita belum berwarna disertai narasi diawal dan setelah gambar serta ruang berbentuk awan untuk siswa menuliskan deskripsi penalarannya dari peristiwa pada gambar yang akan diwarnai dapat menstimulus dan melatih kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir. Dari berpikir tingkat rendah sampai kepada tahap berpikir tingkat tinggi yaitu berupa kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan berpikir kreatif, dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah. Langkah selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil validasi tim ahli, pengembangan media pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits materi surat Al-Fil kelas 2 MI berbentuk narasi berbasis gambar bercerita  perlu ditindaklanjuti dengan mengimplementasikannya dalam proses pembelajaran mata pelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits agar diperoleh kebermanfaatan.
Changing the Rules on Bail: An Analysis of Recent Legislative Reforms in Three Australian Jurisdictions
Authors: Auld Lachlan , Quilter Julia
Published: August 2021

Bail decisions are a high-volume and hugely consequential component of the Australian criminal justice system, and yet, laws governing access to bail have rarely been the subject of systematic analysis. This article sheds new light on how bail laws have changed and what this reveals about how and why governments employ the criminal law as a public policy tool. Working with a dataset of 71 statutes enacted in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria during the 10-year period between 2009 and 2018, we employ a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to illuminate key features and patterns. Our main findings are that bail law remains an active site of statutory reform, and that the object of mitigating harm- risk routinely takes priority over the fundamental rights of the accused. As a consequence, the strong trajectory of contemporary bail law reform has been to restrict rather than expand access to bail.
Foreign Agent Registration Schemes in Australia and the United States: The Scope, Risk and Limitations of Transparency
Authors: Draffen Chris , Ng Yee-Fui
Published: August 2021

Regulators and governments around the world have been active of late in considering the best method by which to hold accountable foreign influence on political processes. Australia’s response to this issue was to pass a package of laws, including the Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme Act (‘FITSA’), which creates a new public register for those acting on behalf of a foreign principal. This article compares FITSA against the US Act on which it is based: the Foreign Agents Registration Act (‘FARA’). It shows that, largely, FITSA is better targeted than FARA towards ensuring that actors that merit registration are caught by its provisions. However, FITSA does not entirely address the potential risks inherent in this style of law. The authors argue that despite the objective of transparency inherent in such schemes, they may ultimately have a disproportionate effect on actors with access to fewer resources. Accordingly, the article proposes high-level principles to rethink this form of regulation based on refocusing foreign agent schemes to their underlying justification, recasting the regulatory net, and recalibrating discussions about ‘foreigners’.
Corporate Whistleblowing, Smart Regulation and Regtech: The Coming of the Whistlebot?
Authors: Brand Vivienne
Published: August 2021

The recent evolution of corporate whistleblowing has demonstrated the capacity of effective internal corporate whistleblowing systems to support regulatory aims. Further, theoretical support for the role of internal corporate whistleblowers can be found in the smart regulation paradigm, which points to the potential for whistleblowers to operate as surrogate regulators. In light of this, the potential impact of fast-developing ‘RegTech’ applications on corporate whistleblowing activity has significant regulatory implications. While ‘first’ generation RegTech applications such as improved data analytics already have the capability to assist corporations to implement more efficient internal whistleblowing systems, the rise of second-generation AI-powered RegTech technologies is likely to further disrupt, and potentially transform, the practice of whistleblowing in corporations. As AI advances, internal corporate whistleblowers may be supplemented, or even replaced, by ‘whistlebots’ with the ability to report autonomously, with dramatic implications for the role of whistleblowing as a corporate regulatory device.
Vitalising International Human Rights Law as Legal Authority: Freedom of Expression Enjoyed by Australian Public Servants and Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Authors: Dastyari Azadeh
Published: August 2021

Michaela Banerji was a Commonwealth public servant when she was fired for sending up to 9000 messages on the public platform twitter criticising her employer; Australia’s human rights record; politicians; and public servants. The tweets did not disclose Ms Banerji’s name or occupation and all (except for one) tweet was sent in Ms Banerji’s private time. In 2019, the High Court confirmed that Ms Banerji’s tweets were not protected by the implied freedom of political communication in the Australian Constitution. Ms Banerji is not alone in having her ability to communicate her political views limited by her employment with the Australian public service. All Commonwealth public servants are bound by a legal framework that curtails their ability to criticise government policies. This article argues that the current regime restricting political communication by public servants in Australia is excessive and is not consistent with Australia’s international obligations under article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Osteopathic Manipulation Improves Functional Status in Patients With Non-Specific Chronic Back Pain in a Rural Outpatient Setting
Authors: Wilson Daniel J. , Gorham Jennie L. , Lamb Teri , Lui Shanliang , Daniel Todd
Published: August 2021

Context

Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is a widely used methodology for the clinical treatment of spine-related pain. Recent reports have been especially positive regarding the use of OMT for chronic back pain. However, published reports have been focused on populations available within large university-based institutions, with rural-based hospitals and their clientele unrepresented within the professional literature

Objective

The objective of this multi-year study was to examine the effects of OMT on spine-related chronic pain and its effects on dimensions of functional ability in a rural setting served by a safety-net hospital.

Methods

In this study, 151 participants with chronic (>6 months) spine-related pain (mean age 54.58 ± 11.88 years) completed at least 2 office visits. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess 10 dimensions (pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, sleeping, standing, sex life, social life, and travel) and a total score of functional ability related to back pain.

Results

A 2-way mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time (pre- and post-office visit) as the within-participants factor and with sex as the between-participants factor resulted in a significant main effect from pretest to posttest, (F(1,149) = 67.12, P < .001, η2p = .311), but not a significant interaction between time and gender, (F(1,149) = .426, P = .515, η2p = .003).

Conclusions

The results of this study support the hypothesis that OMT improved measures of functional ability related to pain intensity, unrelated to sex. The rural nature of the clinical setting provided a unique population for this study.
Law and Social change: An Analytical Study
Authors: Dr. Shiv Pratap Singh Raghav
Published: August 2021

There are two sides of each coin’ similarly. Each act of any person is also, either good or bad. And it is the rule, since existence of the society; good has to be accepted and the prohibited (evil, adharma or asatya). Indian Judiciary has generally been found to be alive to the needs of change happening in social thinking. By giving due consideration to the same while interpreting statutes in particular cases, the courts have brought out their fresh implications and thereby added new dimensions to the law. It is correct that law is an instrument of social change, law changes its shape according to the requirement of society or society changes the law through enactment of statues. In India, every session of Parliament and State Legislature introduces the Bills to amend the Act s(s) or enact Act(s). On the other hand, where, any question of facts comes before the court, judiciary’ (especially higher judiciary) is interpreting the law according to the requirement of society. The dialectic of the legal system in India, with its entrenched “multiplex of social structures” on the one hand and its multiplicity of indigenous, colonial, and developmental traditions on the other, is tremendously complex. The significant element in the interaction between law and society in India is the heavy burden on these multiple traditions and the social concerns and orientations of each.
Variación de salinidad afecta ritmo de crecimiento poblacional y capacidad reproductiva de Brachionus plicatilis: un enfoque al cambio climático
Authors: Osorio-Urtecho K. del R. , Palacios-Sánchez K. M. , Lumbi-Ortega D. M. , Hsieh Po Yuan , Zúniga-Gonzalez C. A. , Aguilar A. J.
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar, en condiciones de no aclimatación, el ritmo de crecimiento poblacional y la capacidad reproductiva de Brachionus plicatilis, tras el sometimiento a estrés por salinidad reducida. El día del experimento se colocaron en una batería de cuatro grupos experimentales (1: aclimatados y 3: sin aclimatar): grupo control (35 ‰), Tratamiento 1 (25 ‰), Tratamiento 2 (10 ‰) y Tratamiento 3 (7 ‰), N= 30 rot/ml. Se usó agua destilada para reducir la salinidad. Los rotíferos se cultivaron a temperatura de 31±1ºC, pH 8.33 y se alimentaron con una única dosis de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1 x 106 cel/ml). Se utilizó aireación constante durante todo el experimento. Los rotíferos se contaron una vez al día. Los resultados muestran que los rotíferos cultivados en las salinidades de 35 ‰ y 25 ‰ presentan mayor ritmo de crecimiento poblacional y capacidad reproductiva que los cultivados en 10 y 7 ‰, durante los dos días de estudio. Asimismo, a 35 ‰ se corresponden los mayores valores de tasa de crecimiento (K: 1.66) y rendimiento (r: 129), seguido de 25 ‰. No obstante, en 25 ‰ se observó la mayor cantidad de rotíferos en etapa reproductiva (96 % de rotíferos con huevos y valor de índice reproductivo de 0.964). Por consiguiente, nuestros resultados muestran que B. plicatilis, cuando está cultivado en agua marina (35 ‰) y se traslada sin previa aclimatación a medios con salinidad reducida disminuye su tasa de crecimiento y rendimiento.
Paradox of Poverty in the Midst of Abundant Resources: The Politics of Oil Resources and Renewed Insurgency in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Odalonu Boris Happy
Published: August 2021

Nigerian state depends majorly on oil resources for her economic survival. Over 85% revenue generation to the Nigerian government are derived from oil production in the Niger Delta. In spite of this, Niger Delta region illustrates a paradox of poverty in the midst of abundant resources. The region remains one of the poorest and least developed parts of the country. The region suffers from environmental pollution, pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. These culminated to series of peaceful agitations to draw the attention of the government for solution to their challenges but due to the insensitivity of the government and oil companies operating in the region to their plight it degenerated to violent agitations, hence the insurgency and militancy in the region. The effects of all these were the disruptions of oil and gas production, reduced national revenue, withdrawal of foreign capital, kidnapping of expatriate oil company staff and so on. In a bid to curb the insurgency and militancy in the region, the Federal Government initiated the amnesty programme in 2009. Seven years after, the issues of environmental degradation, youth unemployment, poverty and underdevelopment that led to militancy and insurgency in the region remain unresolved. Thus, there was renewed insurgency from January to December, 2016 in the region. The paper argues that, granting of amnesty to the militants is a temporarily solution to the problems and until the grievances of the region are sincerely tackled by the government, the issues of militancy and insurgency will remain unabated and may degenerate.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PEMBANGUNAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA KEMENTERIAN DESA, PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DAN TRANSMIGRASI
Authors: Ahmad Syauqi  , Mulyer Mananda Setyahadi
Published: August 2021

Fenomena yang dijadikan objek penelitian adalah Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara pada Direktorat Jenderal Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD; (2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD; (3) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif deksriptif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pengaruh kedua variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi Kepustakaan dan survei. Penentuan sampel digunakan sampel sampel jenuh (sensus) sebanyak 198 responden.
Berdasarkan pembahasan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan, yaitu: (1) Terdapat pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD sebesar 57,9%; (2) Terdapat pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD sebesar 54,8%; (3) Terdapat pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Kompetensi secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja ASN pada Ditjen PPMD sebesar 58,5%.
New Genes and Emerging Mechanisms of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kiani Aysha Karim , Zia Asima , Akhtar Parveen , Moeez Sadaf , Bhatti Attya , John Peter
Published: August 2021

Type 1 Diabetes susceptibility depends upon the complex interaction between numerous genetic as well as environmental factors. 50% of the familial clustering of T1D is explained by HLA locus alleles. Other multiple loci contribute the rest of the susceptibility, in which very little were known since last few years. Four novel loci were found from the results of stage-I, genome wide association (GWA) studies which were carried out with high-density genotyping arrays. As the stage-II of the Genome Wide Association studies completed, hopefully, most of the genetic reasons of Type 1 Diabetes will be identified.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF GLIBENCLAMIDE ON PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ALCL3-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY: IMPLICATIONS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Majeed Maria , Zahid Saadia
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, affects 46.8 million people worldwide while Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder, affects 382 million people globally. Both these devastating diseases share some common pathological features including insulin resistance. Based on this common pathological similarity the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an antidiabetic drug on hippocampal protein expression in a mouse model of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity that displays brain atrophy and neuronal damage as in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Age matched male Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups and administered with AlCl3, Glibenclamide (GLI) (10mg /body weight), AlCl3 followed by GLI and control. Significant expression alterations were observed for seven proteins while substantial restoration of protein expression was also detected, as an effect of GLI administration. However; it is worth mentioning that GLI exhibit negative regulation of expression for few of the expressed proteins. In conclusion, GLI may have the potential to restore altered protein expression during neurotoxicity with few exceptions, which is speculated to be dependent on the nature of the protein. Further characterization of the expressed proteins will be helpful to validate the observed significant effects of GLI that may provide a novel approach to combat cellular and metabolic alterations in neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders.
Cross talk of serum elements, cardiac and liver enzymes in patients with HCV chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Pakistani population
Authors: Naeem Tabassum , Ali Tahir , Mushtaq Iram , Ishtiaq Ayesha , Murtaza Iram
Published: August 2021

HCV-associated hepatic pathologies are now the frequent inducer of cardiac abnormalities because of cardio-hepatic interaction. Studies are going on to elucidate and highlight the possible factors involved in this complex interaction, but this paradigm is still unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the interrelationship among electrolytes, cardiac, and liver enzymes in HCV-associated hepatic abnormalities, including chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Pakistani population. 100 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients with liver disorders and 50 healthy individuals were recruited in the present analysis. Trace elements, ions, and enzyme concentrations were quantified via an automatic analyzer, while HCV was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that serum Ca++, Mg++, Fe++, Cl-, and PO4- levels were significantly increased in HCV patients with hepatic pathologies, including cirrhosis and carcinoma. Cardiac enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, were also elevated in HCV patients. Furthermore, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly differed in HCV patients than in normal individuals. Impaired alkaline transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase levels in HCV patients further validate the HCV patients' hepatic pathologies. Interestingly, all these impaired factors were positively correlated with the progression of hepatic disorders. In conclusion, altered ionic concentrations, cardiac enzymes, and liver dysfunction markers suggest their significant relationship to HCV leading liver pathologies in the Pakistani population.
Use of microbial consortium along with biosurfactants in oil sludge treatment
Authors: Zaheen Tahreem , Nasir Shumyila , Naz Dr Gul
Published: August 2021

Due to the excessive use of various oils, a large amount of oil sludge or waste water is produced annually which is causing various environmental and health issues. Bioremediation through the use of microbial consortium is an effective method. The use of consortium instead of single specie of bacteria has shown 89-94% improved results. However the microbes are still not able to work effectively due to bioavailability issues. This is mainly because of the low solubility of hydrophobic contaminants and microbes. This problem is overcome by use of biosurfactants which enhance the solubility and emulsification of hydrophobic substrates and microbes. These biosurfactants are produced by various organisms (mainly microbes) which are later isolated and used. Certain new and efficient insitu techniques are used for the application of microbial consortium which includes suspended growth, attached growth and hybrid growth. Waste water treated this way can be reused in the refinery procedures or can be dumped safely.
The Efficacy of Peroxide Solutions in Decreasing Cutibacterium acnes Burden Around the Shoulder
Authors: Meyer Lucy E. , Lazarides Alexander L. , Hendren Steph , Lassiter Tally , Klifto Christopher , Anakwenze Oke
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cutibacterium acnes is a common pathogen associated with surgical site infection after shoulder surgery; current standard of care products are largely ineffective at reducing C acnes bacterial burden before surgery. The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of peroxide-containing solutions (PCS) in decreasing the C acnes burden on the shoulder.

Methods:

This was a systematic review of all level I and II studies investigating the effect of peroxidase-containing products for skin preparation. We extracted data regarding demographics, treatment details and timing, study methodology, and culture positivity. Forest plots were used to determine the pooled efficacy of peroxide solutions versus control.

Results:

Seven studies with 412 patients were eligible for inclusion. Notable heterogeneity was observed in the manner and timing of peroxide application. Two studies applied PCS at the time of surgery; four studies applied PCS in the 24- to 72-hour period leading up to culture acquisition. Compared with the placebo, peroxide significantly diminished C acnes culture positivity (Hazard Ratio 0.174, P = 0.009). When considering using peroxide-containing products in the period leading up to surgery or at the time of surgery, in addition to standard preparation, the addition of peroxide significantly diminished C acnes culture positivity (HR 0.467, P = 0.004). Owing to study heterogeneity, we could not make notable comparisons based on the timing or duration of benzoyl peroxides application.

Conclusions:

Despite heterogeneity in study design, pooled results of high-quality data suggest that the addition of PCS can markedly reduce C acnes bioburden. This review was not able to identify the ideal regimen for the utilization of PCS for reduction of C acnes burden.

Level of Evidence:

Level II
Case – Laparoscopic excision of the right testicular vein post-varicocele embolization and coil erosion
Authors: Orzel Bartosz , McCarthy John-Paul , Rent Kenneth
Published: August 2021

Not required
RACISMO ESTRUTURAL E SEUS EFEITOS NECROPOLÍTICOS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: A APLICAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EFETIVIDADE DA EDUCAÇÃO IGUALITÁRIA E DA JUSTIÇA SOCIORRACIAL
Authors: Tourinho Luciano De Oliveira Souza , Sotero Ana Paula Da Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade das práticas restaurativas como instrumentos de efetividade da justiça sociorracial e da educação igualitária no ensino superior. Verifica-se que a incidência do racismo decorrente do processo histórico de exclusão dos negros revela a ineficácia da garantia da igualdade racial no espaço acadêmico. Nesse sentido, os modelos restaurativos surgem como mecanismo de transformação da educação superior em espaço de diálogo e conscientização, a fim de erradicar a incidência necropolítica do racismo. Para delinear a proposta teórica, o estudo fará  abordagem dialética sobre as marcas do racismo estrutural e da necropolítica brasileira na contemporaneidade, a partir do resgate à memória da escravidão e uso de dados estatísticos sobre as desigualdades raciais no ensino superior, desmistificando os entraves da efetividade das políticas afirmativas. Ademais, a pesquisa utilizará abordagem crítico-reflexiva sobre a possibilidade do uso da Justiça Restaurativa nas universidades como instrumento de pacificação social.
Does the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic influence the FX? A note.
Authors: Vasileiou Evangelos
Published: August 2021

This note shows that the effective response of a country in its battle against COVID-19 influences the exchange rate of its currency. Particularly, we examine the GBPUSD, AUDUSD and AUDGBP pairs of currency during the COVID-19 outbreak and the results show that the domestic currency of the country which documents more COVID-19 cases in each pair is depreciated against the foreign one. Therefore, a country which cannot effectively mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and whose currency is depreciated may present further economic consequences in the future. Such consequences extend beyond economic recession and may include sovereign and interest rate risk. These findings may be useful for policy makers in order to estimate the cost of the pandemic.
The Flow-Heat Coupling Study of Cooling Circulating Channel of Magnetic Drive Pump
Authors: GAO Zhenjun , ZHANG Jianbo , LI Wenyang , LIU Jintao , SI Changqing , HONG Feng , LIU Jianrui , SHI Xiaotao
Published: August 2021

The medium in the cooling circulation channel of the magnetic drive centrifugal pump will take away the heat generated by the magnetic eddy current and bearing friction in time to avoid the high temperature demagnetization phenomenon of the permanent magnets. Therefore, the reasonable design of the cooling circulation channel directly affects the stable operation of the magnetic drive centrifugal pump. In this paper, the heat exchange and temperature distribution in the cooling circulating channel of magnetic drive pump are studied by means of numerical calculation of fluid-heat coupling and external characteristic test. The temperature distribution and development law of the isolation sleeve clearance, the bottom of the isolation sleeve and the reflow hole are analysed emphatically, and the convection heat transfer coefficient distribution in the isolation sleeve clearance is studied.
Zwischen Göring und Jhering?
Authors: Baldus Christian
Published: August 2021

NS- und SED-Unrecht sollen nunmehr ausdrücklich Gegenstand des Jurastudiums sein. Die Ausgestaltung auch einer prüfungsrechtlichen Bewehrung ist den Ländern überlassen. Der richtige Ort für einen etwa gewünschten Pflichtkurs sind nicht umgestaltete Grundlagenveranstaltungen, in denen isoliert Totalitarismus zu behandeln wäre, schlimmstenfalls auf Kosten anderer Inhalte. Anders als beim notwendig differenzierten, inhaltlich wie methodisch komplexen Grundlagenangebot verlangt das Ziel einer elementaren deutschen Unrechtsgeschichte vielmehr ein anderes Format: zu Studienbeginn, voraussetzungsarm, ergebnisbezogen, integriert in die allgemeine Spielfeldeinweisung für alle im Übergang von der Schule zum Studium, etwa im Rahmen der Einführung in die Rechtswissenschaft. Auf eine solche Einweisung kann später in verschiedenen Zusammenhängen rekurriert werden. Eine vertiefte wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der Materie (in dogmatischen wie in Grundlagenfächern) wäre für die Gesamtheit der Studierenden allenfalls dann möglich, wenn das Studium insgesamt substantiell erweitert und entsprechend besser finanziert würde. Das aber setzte eine Bildungspolitik voraus, auf die leider nicht zu hoffen ist.