bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The validity of carcinoembryonic antigen as a surveillance marker according to the pattern of recurrence in colorectal cancer
Authors: Noh Gyoung Tae , Yang Seung Yoon , Cho Min Soo , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Lee Kang Young
Published: June 2020

Background

Even though the validity of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test has been shown for monitoring colorectal cancer recurrence after surgery, it has been applied without specification to the site of recurrence. In the present study, we aimed to verify the validity of CEA as a site-specific surveillance tool in colorectal cancer after curative resection by analyzing the sensitivity of CEA according to the pattern of recurrence.

Methods

A total of 722 patients diagnosed with recurrent colorectal cancer after curative resections were enrolled, and their medical records were reviewed. Using a cutoff CEA value of 5 ng/ml at the time of detection, the sensitivity of the CEA test according to the pattern of recurrence (locoregional or systemic recurrence) and detailed information about the location of the recurrence sites were investigated.

Results

In patients with recurrence in the peritoneum, combined sites, and the liver, the sensitivities of CEA test were 59.4%, 51.3%, and 44.8%, respectively. These values were higher than those in the para-aortic lymph nodes, lungs, and the brain, with sensitivities of 30.4%, 23.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the subset analysis, the CEA test sensitivities for patients with recurrence in the peritoneum, liver, and para-aortic lymph nodes were 61.9%, 53.2%, and 22.2% in colon cancer and 54.5%, 36.0%, and 35.7% in rectal cancer, respectively.

Conclusions

Postoperative surveillance CEA levels may have different values according to the site of recurrence. Therefore, a follow-up strategy considering site-specific CEA sensitivity after surgery could improve early detection of recurrent colorectal cancer.
Froissart bound for/from CFT Mellin amplitudes
Authors: Haldar Parthiv , Sinha Aninda
Published: June 2020

We derive bounds analogous to the Froissart bound for the absorptive
part of CFT_dd
Mellin amplitudes. Invoking the AdS/CFT correspondence, these amplitudes
correspond to scattering in AdS_{d+1}d+1.
We can take a flat space limit of the corresponding bound. We find the
standard Froissart-Martin bound, including the coefficient in front for
d+1=4 being \pi/\mu^2π/μ2,
\muμ
being the mass of the lightest exchange. For
d>4d>4,
the form is different. We show that while for
CFT_{d\leq 6}CFTd≤6,
the number of subtractions needed to write a dispersion relation for the
Mellin amplitude is equal to 2, for CFT_{d>6}CFTd>6
the number of subtractions needed is greater than 2 and goes to infinity
as d goes to infinity.
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: review of current recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Authors: Lobastov K. V. , Schastlivtsev I. V. , Porembskaya O. Ya. , Dzenina O. V. , Bargandzhiya A. B. , Tsaplin S. N.
Published: June 2020

The coronavirus infection COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Specific prothrombotic changes of the hemostasis system in COVID-19 are associated with increased incidence of venous thromboembolic complications. The article is a literature review on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolic complications associated with COVID-19. 11 studies evaluating the frequency of registration of venous thromboembolic complications and 11 clinical recommendations on correction of coagulopathy published before May 22, 2020 have been studied. The frequency of venous thromboembolic complications was unexpectedly high: 8-13% in the general ward and 9-18% in the intensive care unit against the background of preventive measures. Preventive doses of anticoagulants, low-molecular weight heparins or unfractionated heparin are indicated to all hospitalized patients. Prolonged prophylaxis after discharge from hospital can be recommended for those at high risk of venous thromboembolic complications and low risk of bleeding. An increase in D-dimer may be considered as an indication for instrumental detection of venous thromboembolic complications. If there is a suspicion of venous thromboembolic complications, anticoagulant therapy at therapeutic doses can be started before the diagnosis is confirmed: during inpatient treatment preference should be given to low-molecular heparin or unfractionated heparin, after discharge from hospital it is recommended to transfer to direct oral anticoagulants for a period of at least 3 months. Routine prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in ambulatory patients is not recommended.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE PREVALÊNCIA SOBRE O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS EM IDADE ESCOLAR
Authors: Chanivski Machado Kerulyn Maria , Castagnoli Juliana De Lara , Oliveira Mayra Lopes de , Teixeira Flávia , Soares Jaqueline Machado , Novello Daiana
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de prevalência sobre o estado nutricional de crianças em idade escolar. Método: Participaram da pesquisa 626 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 a 10 anos, matriculadas em 18 escolas municipais. Foram avaliadas as variáveis gênero, idade e escolaridade. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Resultados: A média de idade, peso e altura foram de 8,49±0,79 anos, 33,58±9,32 kg e 1,34±0,07 metros, respectivamente. A maioria das crianças frequentava o 4° ano do ensino fundamental, com estado nutricional de eutrofia (58,31%), entretanto um grande número de alunos apresentou excesso de peso (40,73%). Não houve prevalência significativa (p>0,05) do estado nutricional sobre as variáveis gênero, idade e escolaridade. Apesar disso, uma maior frequência de obesidade foi observada em indivíduos do sexo masculino e com idade entre 9 e 10 anos e que frequentavam o 4° ano do ensino fundamental. Conclusão: O estado nutricional de crianças em idade escolar não apresenta influência sobre variáveis específicas de gênero, idade e escolaridade.
HIDROXICLOROQUINA: USO POTENCIAL EM CORONAVIROSES?
Authors: Kramer Dany Geraldo , Cavalcanti Junior Geraldo Barroso , Pereira Nathalie de Sena
Published: June 2020

A hidrocloroquina (HCQ) é um análogo da cloroquina, que foi projetada para terapêutica da malária. A longo das últimas décadas têm se observado o potencial de aplicação em outras patologias, como doenças autoimunes, oncologia e infecções virais. Neste ultimo grupo, enquadra-se o desafio da pandemia de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) que têm infectado centenas de milhares de pessoas e acarretado em milhares de mortes em todo mundo. Nesta conjuntura, objetivou-se discorrer acercar do uso potencial da hidrolcloroquina em infecções do coronovavírus. Através dos dados coletados, observou-se que a HCQ pode inibir a replicação viral pelo seu acúmulo no lisossoma e complexo de golgi celular, apresentando baixo custo e auxiliado na estabilização de pacientes graves com COVID-19. Entretanto, não evidência quanto a sua eficácia como droga profilática, existem diversas reações adversas e contra-indicações clínicas, de forma que seu uso deve ser devidamente prescrita por profissional de saúde. Além disso, ensaios clínicos randomizados, cegos, de tratamentos de coronoviroses devem ser estabelecidos, de forma que protocolos clínicos possam ser adequamente utilizados para a HCQ.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE ACERCA DA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA
Authors: Falcão Giovanna Costa , Rocha Tatiana Evangelista da Silva
Published: June 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a percepção dos profissionais de saúde acerca da Síndrome Metabólica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e de campo, realizada com profissionais de saúde lotados em dois Centros de Saúde da Comunidade do município de Palmas/Tocantins, por meio de entrevista utilizando questionário semiestruturado, sendo analisado pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. Conforme semelhança das falas foi agrupado para análise das entrevistas as categorias profissionais de enfermagem e medicina, agente comunitário de saúde e técnico de enfermagem, visto que o primeiro grupo destacou mais a fundo sobre o tema e demonstrou menos estranheza acerca do termo, porém ainda sem aprofundamento conforme a literatura. Para o mesmo fim, os resultados foram divididos em categorias, sendo elas: Conceito e diagnóstico; tratamento; fatores de risco e; ações de prevenção. Os profissionais de nível superior demonstraram maior compreensão acerca da SM, porém ainda se nota necessidade de maior esclarecimento sobre o assunto para que a importância desta condição seja reconhecida. Desta forma haverá uma prestação de assistência adequada aos pacientes, evitando o surgimento de novos casos de síndrome metabólica e que doenças crônicas se instalem, causando consequências econômicas e sociais para o país.
TESTE DE ARGOLAS DE SEIS MINUTOS (TA6) EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DISFUNÇÃO NEUROLÓGICA
Authors: Alecrim Dannyele , Otoni Bianca Bejamim , Rodrigues Maria Luiza , Oliveira Souza Dandara , Lima Vanessa Pereira , Santos Ana Paula
Published: June 2020

Os objetivos deste estudo foram obter valores para o teste de argolas de seis minutos (TA6) em uma amostra de indivíduos com disfunção neurológica, comparar estes valores com os valores de referência de adultos saudáveis e verificar a associação do TA6 com o controle de tronco. Estudo transversal realizado com 31 indivíduos com disfunção neurológica de ambos os sexos atendidos em clínica de reabilitação neurofuncional vinculada à universidade federal. Os indivíduos realizaram o TA6 e foram avaliados através da Escala de Deficiências de Tronco (EDT). Os valores obtidos no TA6 pelos indivíduos com disfunção neurológica foram inferiores aos de adultos saudáveis em todas as faixas etárias estudadas (p < 0,05). Houve comprometimento moderado do tronco. Não houve correlação entre o TA6 e a EDT (r = 0,269; p = 0,144). De acordo com os valores preditos para a população saudável, os pacientes com disfunção neurológica possuem um desempenho funcional e endurance de membros superiores inferiores ao esperado para sua faixa etária. O TA6 é um teste simples, rápido e barato, útil para reabilitação neurofuncional, pois mimetiza as atividades de vida diária, entretanto não se correlacionou com a EDT.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, LEADERSHIP STYLE, WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEMS, AND KNOW YOUR EMPLOYEE ON FRAUD PREVENTION IN SHARIA BANKING
Authors: Suharto Suharto
Published: June 2020

This study aims to get better knowledge on how to prevent fraud in sharia banking. The key factors in determining fraud prevention are organizational culture, leadership style, whistleblowing systems, and know your employee. This research involves 73 respondents in the scope of internal auditor. This research applies a survey using questionaire. The method used to process and analyze research data are descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression models. The results show that organizational culture has no significant effect on fraud prevention, but leadership style, whistleblowing systems, and know your employee have a positive significant effect on fraud prevention. Furthermore, organizational culture, leadership style, whistleblowing systems, and know your employee simultaneously have an effect on fraud prevention in sharia banking.
THE USE OF BENFORD’S LAW IN PERFORMANCE AUDIT TO DETECT FRAUD IN THE STATE EXPENDITURETRANSACTIONS ASSISTED BY IDEA SOFTWARE (A Case Study at the Transportation Ministry Work Units)
Authors: Setyawan Eka C.
Published: June 2020

The aim ofthis study was to determine the use of Benford's Law in Performance Audits todetect fraudin state expenditure transactions assisted by IDEA Software,a case studyat several Work Units of the Ministry of Transportation. The research method used was descriptive qualitative and direct experiment. This researchwas conucted while the researcher wascarruing outperformance auditat three work units of the Ministry of Transportation. The researcher used IDEA Software to analyze the financial transaction data according to Benford's law. Based on the results of the research, the right type of state expenditure to be analyzed using Benford law isgoods expenditure.In addition,Benford’s Law can be used in performance audits to determinestate expenditure transactions that are indicated fraud with the success rate of ranging from 20% to 50%t. Transactions that appear are not in accordance with Benford's law.
Judul Artikel
Authors: Subagiyo Sidiq
Published: June 2020

Isi Abstrak
Diffusion tensor imaging and its application in navigation assisted surgery
Authors: Shen Keqin , Wang Han , Wang Yuxuan , Chang Jincai , Cui Jianzhong
Published: June 2020

Navigation-assisted surgery is being studied and used by more and more doctors because of its high success rate, and many techniques are needed, among which diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) plays an important role. The navigation assisted surgery system integrated with DTI will be more perfect and powerful. In order to prove this, we first successfully made DTI images of patients in 3D Slicer. After careful observation and study, we found that in navigation assisted surgery, doctors can use DTI to observe the location of brain tissue more clearly. This paper mainly studies the principle and data formula of DTI, and compares and summarizes how the nerve bundle image generated by DTI plays a role in navigation assisted surgery. The method proposed is very workable for doctors, and the effect of operation is also very easy to see.
Secondary development based on 3D Slicer extension modules
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Zhang Chaoqi , Wu Weina , Chang Jincai , Cui Jianzhong
Published: June 2020

Slicer module is an important part of software, which provides algorithmic support for data processing for the realization of various functions of software. As an external plug-in that needs to be installed, extensions have strong independence. Developers can redevelop the original extension module and modify its functions and interfaces in order to achieve better results to meet the requirements of medical use. In this paper, the feasibility scheme and specific operation steps for the secondary development of the extended module are proposed, so as to improve efficiency, simplify the operation process, and facilitate the use of Slicer software in clinical medicine and medical research.
Powered by the sun: designing and analyzing technical and economic aspects of a school sustained by photovoltaics
Authors: Çiftçi Sabri , Solak Mehmet , Kuncan Melih
Published: June 2020

Turkey has a young population. Accordingly, 66849 schools are serving under the Ministry of National Education. This amount of school naturally causes large amounts of electrical energy demand. Supporting even a small part of these schools with renewable energy sources will provide enormous economic and environmental contributions. Moreover, school buildings often share a template architecture, so a design can be reused, with some modifications over and over again. In this study, the PVsyst software is used to design a 9.9 kWp, roof-mounted, and grid-connected photovoltaic system. The technical and economic consequences of the study are widely reported within. IEC 61724 standards, which is a framework solar industry standard, is applied. Depending on the results, the system can generate 13.13 MWh of electricity annually, 6.43 MWh of which the consumer uses, and 6.70 MWh could be sold to the network. Selling electricity is limited by legislative regulations. But the demand for energy is a fact that never changes. As a result, PV cell efficiency is 17.09 %, and total system loss was approximately 26.18 %. The project cost was calculated as roughly $9912 in the year 2020, based on current prices for a standard system. Total economic earnings from sales are determined as approximately $1375. The return period of the investment was calculated as five years. It is anticipated that the engineering practice carried out in this study will prevent 8 tons of CO2 emissions annually and will save approximately 25 trees per year. It is recommended that this study be put into practice and disseminated.
Vertical axis hybrid wind turbine design
Authors: Toptas Ersin , Bayrak Muharrem Ali , Boz Talha
Published: June 2020

Wind energy is one of the alternative energy sources that respond positively to both global warming and energy needs, due to the increasing population density and the adverse effects it has brought in recent years. In this study, modification on current design of wind turbines has been demonstrated in order to increase the energy yield obtained from renewable wind energy sources. With the investigation of Turkey’s wind map, a hybrid wind turbine design was carried out. This hybrid design incorporates Savonius and Darrieus type turbines which are used heavily in the literature. The hybrid design was developed to increase the performances of the vertical axis turbines from wind turbine types and to widen their usage areas. The comparison of the hybrid design with the conventional wind turbines were carried out by comparing their performance indexes such as efficiency, torque, and tip-speed ratio.
Torque identification based on LMS adaptive delay inverse system method
Authors: Song Jinzhou , Wang Yu , Sun Dan , Li Hongliang
Published: June 2020

In order to relieve the dependence of load estimation upon the prior knowledge of mechanical system, an adaptive delayed inverse model is proposed for identifying the torque time history based on adaptive delay inverse system identification method. The LMS (least mean square) algorithm was used to identify the inverse model of the rotating system, which instead of system characteristic matrix inversion in common determination methods and ill-posed problem is avoided consequently. The adaptive delayed inverse model was used to identify the time-domain torque by analyzing the angular acceleration response data of the working state. The single-point time-domain torque of the bare shaft was identified by the angular acceleration response in the case of noiseless interference. The simulation results illustrate that the recognition results of this method is satisfied. It is proved by the experiment that the method is also feasible to the shaft system with disk coupling. The proposed method can be applied in practical engineering as it is not necessary to grip the mathematical model and system parameters in advance.
Design and calculation of double arm suspension of a car
Authors: B David Jebaraj , R Sharath Prasanna
Published: June 2020

Suspension system is one of the challenging portions in designing a vehicle. The complete stability of the vehicle under dynamic conditions depends on the suspension system of the vehicle. Suspension system of a vehicle is interlinked with other systems such as steering, Wheels and Brakes. The main objective of this document is to provide complete guidance in designing and calculation of an independent suspension system with double control arms. The required parameters are calculated on considering a prototype vehicle with gross weight of 350 kg such as required stiffness of shock absorbers, Ride frequency, Motion ratio, Coefficient of damping etc. A CADD model was made with CATIA v5 r20 and SOLIDWORKS on the basis of calculations obtained and stress analysis was carried out for this model in various software such as Ansys. The complete assembled model was tested in LOTUS Shark and the result was obtained.
Flow behaviour on aerofoils using CFD
Authors: Manda Akhil Yuvaraj , Chada Jithendra Sai Raja , Surapaneni Sambhu Prasad , Geeri Satish
Published: June 2020

The aerofoils which allow for the flow at a broader range of angles have a more significant impact on the power generation from the turbine. The conception and examination for the aerofoil geometry have been executed in the current work to evaluate the behaviour of the flow in terms of the velocity and pressure lineation. The work is intended to focus on analysing the flow behaviour along the surface of the aerofoil geometry. The aerofoil geometries are opted to be of new aerofoil type of NACA 8412 series. The aerofoil geometry was analysed for a constant angle of attack along the total length. This evaluation was done for the angle of attack ranging from 0° to 20° with 5° interval for each model. The inlet velocity for the flow along the surface of the aerofoil geometry was taken varied from 7.5 m/s to 10 m/s with 0.5 m/s interval for each model. The plot points for the geometries are generated using the Auto CAD for different angles. The further simulations and evaluations were executed using the Ansys Fluent software. On evaluating and considering the variable conditions, the optimum values are obtained for the aerofoil at 15° angle of inclination at an inlet velocity of 9 m/s. The software generated results when compared to the regression data generated ascertained to be in a good correlation with each other.
Summary and outlook of 4D track prediction methods
Authors: Liu Chaoyue , Zheng Qi , Chang Jincai , Li Yinfeng
Published: June 2020

Four-dimensional track prediction is the precise control of the time dimension of three-dimensional space at each stage of the flight. Accurate prediction of the aircraft trajectory is a prerequisite for the automation of air traffic control. This article reviews 4D track prediction technology, that is, particle motion-based prediction method, hybrid estimation-based prediction method and machine learning-based prediction method. At the end, combined with aircraft track data, the method of data mining is used to extract the flight profile and describe the applicable scope of each method. The contents of this paper can be used for reference in the research direction of 4D track prediction technology.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: New Insights and Promising Targets for a Challenging Disease
Authors: Martina Emanuela , Diotallevi Federico , Bianchelli Tommaso , Paolinelli Matteo , Offidani Annamaria
Published: June 2020

Background:

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a disease characterized by the onset
of wheals and/or angioedema over 6 weeks. The pathophysiology for CSU is very complex, involving
mast cells and basophils with a multitude of inflammatory mediators. For many years the treatment of
CSU has been based on the use of antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressive agents with inconstant
and frustrating results. The introduction of omalizumab, the only licensed biologic for antihistamine-
refractory CSU, has changed the management of the disease.

Objective:

The aim of this article is to review the current state of the art of CSU, the real-life experience
with omalizumab and the promising drugs that are under development.

Methods::

An electronic search was performed to identify studies, case reports, guidelines and reviews
focused on the new targets for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria, both approved or under
investigation. The search was limited to articles published in peer-reviewed journals in the English
Language in the PubMed database and trials registered in Clinicaltrials.gov.

Results::

Since the advent of omalizumab, the search for new therapies for chronic spontaneous urticaria
has had a new impulse. Anti-IgE drugs will probably still be the cornerstone of therapy, but new targets
may prove effective in syndromic urticaria or refractory cases.

Conclusion::

Although omalizumab has been a breakthrough in the treatment of CSU, many patients
do not completely get benefit and even require more effective treatments. Novel drugs are under investigation
with promising results.
Drugs or Mechanical Devices for Obstructive LUTS?
Authors: Symeonidis Evangelos N. , Sountoulides Petros
Published: June 2020

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostate obstruction (BPO) afflict
a very large part of the population on a global scale. Urologists confront patients with a diversity
of BPH-related symptoms in their daily practice. For years, the cornerstone of obstructive BPH treatment
consisted of mostly medical and to a lesser extent surgical therapies. However, while medical
treatment has come to a standstill, over the last decade, new minimally invasive surgical therapies
(MISTs) have emerged, conferring several possible advantages over conventional transurethral resection
of the prostate (TURP). MISTs have also demonstrated the ability to better respect and preserve
sexual function while providing safety and minimal morbidity. Their long-term efficacy and durability
over drug therapy remain debatable, as is the need for secondary procedures. In the present paper, we
aim to offer a narrative summary of the available literature, thus providing an indirect comparative assessment
of drugs and MISTs for obstructive LUTS.
The Research Progress of DPP-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Zhi-Gang , Li Zhi-Na , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: June 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease, and diabetes patients have long-term higher
blood sugar levels than standard. Most people with diabetes have complications that greatly affect their
standard of living. Patients with type 2 DM occupy the vast majority of all diabetes patients. Glucagonlike
peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells is a small molecule polypeptide,
which is glucose concentration-dependent and can effectively reduce blood glucose concentration. Dipeptidyl
peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an important target for the treatment of type 2 DM because it can degrade
GLP-1. DPP-4 inhibitors can enhance the blood glucose lowering effect of GLP-1 by inhibiting
DPP-4. This article summarizes the development of DPP-4 inhibitors from 2015 to 2019, and can provide
helpful information for the discovery of novel DPP-4 inhibitors in the future.
Proteomics Analysis of Salt Responsive Proteins in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Leaves by Two Dimensional Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS.
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Toorchi Mahmoud , Vahed Mohammad Moghaddam , Monirifar Hassan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development.
Salinity affects several physiological and biochemical characteristics adversely, which results in
oxidative stress in plant species. Plants change the protein pattern to cope with salinity stress. The
identified salt-responsive proteins in alfalfa are involved in energy and metabolism, photosynthesis,
regulation of carbohydrates, transcription/translation, signal transduction, stress/redox homeostasis,
ion binding, and stress and defense with ROS scavenging and detoxification.

Objective:

The present research aimed to study the response of two contrasting alfalfa varieties to
salt stress, and to identify the altered leaf proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and
MALDI-TOF/TOF/MS spectrometry.

Methods:

Salinity stress significantly decreased shoot fresh and dry weights in both Synthetic II
(salt-tolerant) and Khajeh (salt-sensitive) varieties, and K+/Na+ ratio in Khajeh, while it significantly
increased K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and catalase activity in Synthetic II, and peroxidase
activity in Khajeh.

Conclusions:

Salinity stress reduced the yield of alfalfa, but the reduction was more pronounced in
the sensitive variety of Khajeh. The salinity-tolerant variety, Synthetic II, responded better to salinity
stress in terms of K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and catalase activity as compared to
Khajeh. Proteome analysis showed that the proteins involved in energy metabolism, transcription/-
translation, photosynthesis, electron transfer, and defense were more important than other functional
categories under salinity stress. These proteins mainly increased in the salt-tolerant variety,
whereas they decreased in the salt-sensitive variety.
Development and Validation of a Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sitagliptin and Ertugliflozin in Rat Plasma by LC-MS method
Authors: Rao Pallepogu Venkateswara , Rao Atmakuri Lakshmana , Maheswara Prasad Sahini Venkata Uma
Published: June 2020

Background:

The development of sound bioanalytical LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass
spectroscopy) method(s) is of paramount importance during the process of drug discovery, development
and culminating in a marketing approval. The use of oral antidiabetic agents has been increased
significantly from the last decades and till now no bioanalytical method is available for quantitation of
sitagliptin (SG) and ertugliflozin (EG) in biological matrix which can be applied to pharmacokinetic
studies using LC-MS/MS.

Objective:

To develop a new, rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous estimation of sitagliptin (SG)
and ertugliflozin (EG) in rat plasma by liquid–liquid extraction method (LLE) using deutereated sitagliptin (SGd6) and
ertugliflozin (EGd6).

Methods:

Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse phase Waters, Xetrra C18 (150mm x
4.6mm, 2μm) column using a mixture of acetonitrile and OPA buffer (50:50v/v) at a flow rate of
1ml/min in isocratic mode. Quantification was achieved using an electrospray ion interface operating in
positive mode, under Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) conditions.

Results:

The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 5.00- 75.00pg/mL for sitagliptin and 0.75-
11.35pg/mL ertugliflozin. The intra-batch and inter batch precision (%CV) was ≤ 4.3% and matrix effect (%CV) was
0.02% and 0.12% for sitagliptin at HQC and LQC, respectively. Matrix effect (%CV) was 0.08% and 0.33% for
ertugliflozin at HQC and LQC, respectively.

Conclusion:

The simplicity of the method allows for application in laboratories, presents a valuable tool for
pharmacokinetic studies. The particular assay has been proficiently put on pharmacokinetic study in rats subjects.
Recent Patents on the Development of c-Met Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Yao Lei
Published: June 2020

Background :

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) play critical roles in a variety of cellular
processes including growth, differentiation and angiogenesis, and in the development and progression
of many types of cancer. Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Factor (c-Met) kinase is one
of the types of RTKs and has become an attractive target for anti-tumor drug designing. c-Met inhibitors
have a broad prospect in tumor prevention, chemotherapy, biotherapy, and especially in tumor
resistance.

Objective:

The purpose of this article is to review recent research progress of c-Met inhibitors reported
in patents since 2015.

Methods:

A comprehensive Scifinder and Web of Science literature review was conducted to identify
all c-Met inhibitors published in patents since 2015.

Results:

There are two kinds of c-Met inhibitors, one is from natural products, and the other one is
of synthetic origin. Most of these c-Met inhibitors show potent in vivo and in vitro antitumor activities
and have potential in the treatment of cancers.

Conclusion:

c-Met kinase inhibitors have emerged as an exciting new drug class for the treatment
of all kinds of cancers, especially the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with tumor resistance.
More studies should be conducted on natural products to find novel c-Met kinase inhibitors.
Modulation of MicroRNAs byEuphorbia MicrosciadiaBoiss in MDA-MB-231 Cell Line: New Possibilities in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza , Asadi-Samani Majid
Published: June 2020

Background:

A large number of Euphorbia species have been evaluated for anticancer effects; however, their anticancer mechanisms have not been established up to now.

Objective:

: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Euphorbia microsciadia (E. microsciadia) Boiss on the modulation of micro (mi) RNAs in MDA-MB-231 cell line.

Methods:

As the first step, the inhibitory concentration of hydroalcoholic extract of E. microsciadia on MDA-MB-231 cells was examined using the MTT assay, bypassing 24 and 48h from seeding. The real-time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was also utilized to determine Let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-29, miR-151, miR-155, miR-21, miR-146b, miR-181b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-21, and miR-146b expressions in MDA-MB-231 cells, by passing 24 and 48h from treating with the extract of E. microsciadia.

Results:

The results reveal the cytotoxic effects of E. microsciadia on MDA-MB-231 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) were also equal to 275 and 240μg/ml for E. microsciadia, by passing 24 and 48h from the treatment, respectively. Furthermore, it was confirmed that, E. microsciadia had augmented the expression levels of Let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-29, and miR-34a, which lead to an increase in apoptosis.

Conclusion:

E. microsciadia could modulate some miRNAs involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Accordingly, targeting miRNAs by E. microsciadia can open some newer avenues for breast cancer therapy.
Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gevezova Maria , Sarafian Victoria , Anderson George , Maes Michael
Published: June 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a severe childhood psychiatric condition with an array
of cognitive, language and social impairments that can significantly impact family life. ASD is
classically characterized by reduced communication skills and social interactions, with limitations imposed
by repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. The pathophysiology of ASD is
thought to arise from complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors within the context
of individual development. A growing body of research has raised the possibility of identifying
the aetiological causes of the disorder. This review highlights the roles of immune-inflammatory
pathways, nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in ASD pathogenesis and symptom
severity. The role of NK-cells, T helper, T regulatory and B-cells, coupled with increased inflammatory
cytokines, lowered levels of immune-regulatory cytokines, and increased autoantibodies and microglial
activation is elucidated. It is proposed that alterations in mitochondrial activity and nitrooxidative
stress are intimately associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways. Future research
should determine as to whether the mitochondria, immune-inflammatory activity and nitrooxidative
stress changes in ASD affect the development of amygdala-frontal cortex interactions. A
number of treatment implications may arise, including prevention-orientated prenatal interventions,
treatment of pregnant women with vitamin D, and sodium butyrate. Treatments of ASD children and
adults with probiotics, sodium butyrate and butyrate-inducing diets, antipurinergic therapy with suramin,
melatonin, oxytocin and taurine are also discussed.
Antihyperglycemic Potential of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Schultz. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amssayef Ayoub , Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Aims:

The study aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic activity of Matricaria
pubescens.

Background:

Matricaria pubescens (Def). Shultz (Asteraceae) is commonly used traditionally for
the treatment of diabetes in Morocco.

Objective:

The present investigation aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects
of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (M. pubescens).

Methods:

The effect of a single and repeated oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial
part of M. pubescens (AEAPMP) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on glucose was examined in normal and
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, histopathological examination of the pancreas
and liver was carried out according to the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. The antioxidant activity was
performed using the DPPH assay.

Results:

The results showed that the aqueous extract of M. pubescens (AEAPMP) exhibited a significant
lowering activity on blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition,
AEAPMP ameliorated the histopathological tissues of the liver and pancreas. Furthermore, in vitro
antioxidant activity of AEAPMP has been shown.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that M. pubescens possesses a beneficial effect
against hyperglycemia associated with diabetes.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dental Interns and Dentists on Implants and Implant-Retained Restorations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Maryam , Aboalshamat Khalid , Alghamdi Doaa , Abed Shroug , Almahlawi Halah , AlKathiri Sereen , Abu Thiraa Amal , Alsulami Afaf , Alzughaibi Maha
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental interns and dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, about Cement-Retained Restoration (CRR), Screw Retained Restoration (SRR), and implant restoration.

Methods:

A total of 530 dentists and students participated in the study. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire modified from previous studies. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software for t-test, linear regression, and ANOVA.

Results:

Participants had a mean score of 5.01 (SD = 1.50) for a total of nine implant-retained restoration (IRR)knowledge questions (lowest score = 0, highest score = 9), and general implant knowledge had a mean score of 3.12 (SD = 1.25) for five questions with scores of 0 to 5. The participants’ knowledge about implants significantly differed in relation to gender, place of work, and work status. Also, participant knowledge about IRR showed significant differences in relation to participants' knowledge, age, gender and place of work. The dental interns and dentists were in agreement in considering SRR to be better than CRR for six out of nine factors. Those factors were cost effectiveness, expertise required for provision, retrievability, retention, fracture resistance, and passivity of fit.

Conclusion:

The overall knowledge of dental interns and dentists regarding implants and IRR was fair and needs to be improved, given the tendency of general dentists to engage in implant dentistry. Both dentists and interns considered CRR to be aesthetically superior, easier to fabricate, and requiring comparatively less expertise in comparison to SRR.
Anti-neuropathic Pain Effects of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Ferula asafoetidaOleo-Gum-Resin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Nazemi Samad , Rudsarabi Hamid , Amin Bahareh , Farahani Hamid , Zarmehri Hasan Azhdari , Mojadadi Mohammad-Shafi
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Diabetic Neuropathic Pain (DNP) is a common complication in both types of
diabetes, which does not respond well to common pain medications. Asafoetida, an oleo-gum-resin
extracted from Ferula asafoetida, is used as an analgesic, sedative, and antispasmodic in Iranian traditional
medicine. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-neuropathic pain effects of
asafoetida in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. In four groups, diabetes
was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single-dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Three diabetic
groups were treated once daily with asafoetida extract at doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 25 days.
In all groups, the neuropathic pain was evaluated using behavioral tail-flick and von-Frey tests on
days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. In addition, fasting blood glucose was also measured at the mentioned
days.

Key Findings:

According to the results obtained from the behavioral tests, neuropathic pain was established
in the diabetic rats on day 21. However, in comparison to untreated animals, the intensity
of the pain (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) was significantly lower in groups receiving
asafoetida extract (50 mg/kg, P<0.05 and 100 mg/kg, P<0.01). In addition, the extract could
decrease fasting blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Ethyl acetate extract of asafoetida can prevent the development of neuropathic pain in
diabetic rats. This effect may be, in part, due to the glucose lowering effect of asafoetida. However,
further studies are needed to determine the possible mechanisms of action in relieving DNP.
Primary aggressive chondroblastoma of the tibia
Authors: Badaoui Reda , Elmaqrout Amine , Boussaidan Mohamed , Mekaoui Jalal , Boukhriss Jalal , Chafry Bouchaib , Benchaba Driss , Boussouga Mostapha
Published: June 2020

Chondroblastoma is a primary bone tumor in children, adolescents and young adults, which accounts for 1% of all bone tumors. Epiphyseal or epiphysometaphyseal localization, this lesion usually develops from secondary ossification centers close to the knee, shoulder and hip. Although chondroblastoma is a nonaggressive benign tumor, it can very rarely show a locally aggressive character or a malignant transformation or even metastases. We describe a histologically proven case of an aggressive, primary chondroblastoma of the tibia invading soft tissue in a 22-year-old girl.
Conservative treatment of facial burns
Authors: Chmyrev I. V. , Butrin Ya. L.
Published: June 2020

Objective: compare the effectiveness of using a moisturizer containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin with a water-soluble ointment that includes the antibiotic chloramphenicol in the treatment of victims with burns of the face II-IIIа degrees.

Materials and methods: The results of treatment of 27 victims (12 men and 15 women) with burns of the face and other areas of the body of I – II degree with a total area of 1 to 6 % of the body surface at the age of 18 – 60 years were analyzed. In the main group (13 patients), a cream containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin was used. In the control group (14 patients), bandages with a water-soluble ointment containing an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol were used. Visually evaluated the course of the wound process, the nature and volume of exudate, the healing time of burn wounds when using ointments. Seeding of the wound discharge was done on the day of admission, on the 5th and 10th day of treatment. The structure and number of microflora of burn wounds were studied.

Results: in the third seeding of the main group, the concentration of bacteria was (2.4 ± 0.04) x103 CFU / g. in the third seeding of the control group, the concentration of microorganisms was (5.9 ± 0.03)×105 CFU / g. the duration of hospitalization in the main group was 18.1 ± 1.5 days, in the control group — 23.8 ± 1.9 days.

Conclusions: cream containing antibacterial preparations of plant origin, in comparison with a water-soluble ointment that includes an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol, reduces the bacterial contamination of wounds in victims with superficial burns of the face by 2×102 times, the duration of inpatient treatment for 5 days (p < 0.05).
Munchausen’s syndrome
Authors: Strel’tsov E. A.
Published: June 2020

This literature review reviews Munchausen syndrome. The question of its nosological affi liation is considered, etiological theories and epidemiological indicators are presented. The options for the development of the clinical picture, the problems of therapy are described. A systematic literature search was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, elibrary, and other databases.
The dynamics of the quality of life of primary schoolchildren with different cognitive success
Authors: Levchin A. M. , Lebedenko A. A. , Ershova I. B. , Glushko Ju. V.
Published: June 2020

Objective: of the study was to study the quality of life of younger students in the dynamics of their education in primary school.

Materials and methods: 573 children of primary schools of Rostov-on-Don were examined. Th e study of quality of life was carried out using the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire. Depending on the level of cognitive development, children were divided into 2 groups: 82 children with high cognitive development made up the I (main) group and 491 children with an average level of cognitive development made up the II (control) group. Cognitive development was evaluated by the D. Wexler test, the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale with IQ coeffi cients, and E. Torrens creativity test.

Results: primary schoolchildren with high cognitive abilities show a dynamic decrease in physical functioning with the lowest rates in the 4th grade, lower indicators of emotional functioning, characterized by an excessive reaction to failure, an increased level of anxiety and emotional instability. A decrease in social functioning is revealed, manifested by communicative problems in the process of interpersonal communication. Higher school functioning values were observed. From the 2nd grade, schoolchildren with high cognitive abilities showed statistically signifi cantly lower indicators of the overall quality of life score as compared with children of average intellectual development.

Conclusions: among primary schoolchildren of high cognitive development, there is an imbalance in various aspects of the quality of life, which requires additional measures to optimize indicators.
Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension and evaluation of treatment effectiveness according to EEG data
Authors: Nikolaenko M. V. , Kizhevatova E. A. , Drobotya N. V.
Published: June 2020

Objective: to establish the relationship between the presence of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension and changes in EEG, to assess the dynamics of these changes against the background of various modes of cerebroprotective therapy.

Materials and methods: the study involved 92 people with arterial hypertension, whose average age was 63 ± 8.2 years. The research was carried out on the device “Encephalan-EEGR-19/26”. To assess cognitive functions, patients were tested using the MoСA test. Patients with cognitive impairment were divided into three groups of dynamic monitoring with diff erent modes of cerebroprotective therapy.

Results: non-specifi c patterns in the slow-wave range were registered in patients with cognitive impairment during visual EEG analysis. In the quantitative analysis of the EEG revealed changes in the frequency and amplitude of the alpha rhythm, the power variation on the basic rhythms, the reduction of the total strength of the rhythms, the increase in relative power of slow rhythms in the frontal leads to the total power of the rhythms. After the treatment, most patients showed an increase in scores on the “Montreal scale”, a decrease in anxiety and depression on the” Hospital scale”, and an increase in the SF-36 index. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed positive dynamics comparable to the clinic and test data. The most favorable EEG dynamics was registered in groups of patients receiving neuroprotective and combined therapy.

Conclusions: the results obtained indicate the diagnostic value of quantitative EEG analysis and the feasibility of adding drugs that improve the metabolism and blood supply to the brain to standard antihypertensive therapy.