bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critique of critical shear crack theory for fib Model Code articles on shear strength and size effect of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Dönmez Abdullah , Bažant Zdeněk P.
Published: May 2019

The size effect of Muttoni et al.'s critical shear crack theory (CSCT) is shown to be quite close (with differences up to 15%) and asymptotically identical to the energetic size effect law (SEL), which has been extensively verified experimentally and theoretically (and is adopted for the 2019 ACI Code, Standard 318, for both beam shear and punching). However, the CSCT derivation and calculation procedure obfuscates the mechanics of failure. It is shown to rest on six scientifically untenable hypotheses, which would have to be taught to students as an article of faith. They make CSCT untrustworthy outside the testing range; ditto for beams with T, I and box cross section, or for continuous beams. The present conclusions are supported by experimentally calibrated finite element simulations of crack path and width, of stress distributions and localizations during failure, and of strain energy release. The simulations also show the CSCT to be incompatible with the “strut‐and‐tie” model, which is (for 2019 ACI Code) modernized to include the size effect in the compression strut. Finally, further deficiencies are pointed out for the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), currently embedded in the Model Code.
Exploring the critical in biliteracy instruction
Authors: Medlock Paul Casey , Vehabovic Nermin
Published: May 2019

In this article the researchers explain a concept that they have termedcritical biliteracy instruction. Utilizing a sociocultural approach to literacy and language learning, they examine discourse theory and the four resources model (Freebody & Luke, 1990) to support the approaches they describe. Then they explore research‐based dialogic practices that second and foreign language teachers may engage in to help emergent bilinguals develop reading comprehension in English. The authors also highlight research‐based high‐impact practices and strategies that language teachers can use to promote critical biliteracy in the classroom.
Level and distribution of nutrients in the hyporheic zone of Lake Taihu (China) and potential drivers
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Yingying , Xu Chun
Published: May 2019

To better understand the nutrient distributions in the hyporheic zone of a large shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) and the potential drivers, the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were investigated in March and December 2016. Spatial differences in the TN and TP contents existed in the hyporheic zone, particularly between the eastern and southern zones and the western and northern zones. The TOC/TN ratios in the western, northern, and central zones were mostly <8 and even reached 4, indicating that organic matter originated from aquatic organisms and algae, whereas those in the southern and eastern zones exhibited wide ranges, indicating complex pollution sources. The chloride depth profiles suggested that upwelling hyporheic flow potentially occurred in the southern, western, and northern zones, while alternating flow directions occurred in the eastern zone and no flow or weak flow occurred in the central zone. Compared to the 1st investigation, the TOC, TN, and TP in sediments in the 2nd investigation increased by 13%, 41%, and 87%, respectively, and these changes were mostly due to large hyporheic fluxes with high nutrient concentrations from shallow groundwater. The behavior of the hyporheic zone as an active pollution source/sink due to hyporheic flow should be considered in the comprehensive management of Lake Taihu.

Practitioner points

Depth profiles of nutrients differed between sampling sites and between zones of Lake Taihu due to different pollution sources.

Nutrients in sediment increased largely during winter compared to spring due to potential groundwater pollution through upwelling flow.

No significant difference in sediment total organic carbon and ratios of C/N indicates a similar internal pollution source lake wide.
Mental illness and well‐being: an affect regulation perspective
Authors: Gross James J. , Uusberg Helen , Uusberg Andero
Published: May 2019

Mental health crucially depends upon affective states such as emotions, stress responses, impulses and moods. These states shape how we think, feel and behave. Often, they support adaptive functioning. At other times, however, they can become detrimental to mental health via maladaptive affect generation processes and/or maladaptive affect regulation processes. Here, we present an integrative framework for considering the role of affect generation and regulation in mental illness and well‐being. Our model views affect generation as an iterative cycle of attending to, appraising and responding to situations. It views affect regulation as an iterative series of decisions aimed at altering affect generation. Affect regulation decisions include identifying what, if anything, should be changed about affect, selecting where to intervene in the affect generation cycle, choosing how to implement this intervention, and monitoring the regulation attempt to decide whether to maintain, switch or stop it. Difficulties with these decisions, often arising from biased inputs to them, can contribute to manifestations of mental illness such as clinical symptoms, syndromes and disorders. The model has a number of implications for clinical assessment and treatment. Specifically, it offers a common set of concepts for characterizing different affective states; it highlights interactions between affect generation and affect regulation; it identifies assessment and treatment targets among the component processes of affect regulation; and it is applicable to prevention and treatment of mental illness as well as to promotion and restoration of psychological well‐being.
X‐ray emission via Kα resonance complexes in gold ions
Authors: Stancalie Viorica , Iorga Cristian
Published: May 2019

The excitation energies from ground state for 63 fine structure levels of the terms belonging to 1 s2, 1snl, 2lnl′ (n = 2,3), 3l3l′ (l ≠ ≠l′) configurations of Au77+, as well as oscillator strengths for electric‐dipole‐allowed and intercombination transitions among the fine‐structure levels were theoretically evaluated. The important relativistic effects in intermediate coupling are incorporated by means of the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian. Extensive comparisons are performed with several approximations and previous data sets in order to size up contributing effects and to estimate accuracy ratings. The atomic excitation is obtained by electron impact in close coupling approach. For optically allowed transitions, the electron‐impact collision strengths at collision energy up to 80 keV are reported. The results are relevant to the laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
New physics in double Higgs production at future e+e− colliders
Authors: Vasquez Andres , Degrande Céline , Tonero Alberto , Rosenfeld Rogerio
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We study the effects of new physics in double Higgs production at future e
+
e
− colliders. In the Standard Model the chiral limit (m

e
= 0) plays an important role for this process, being responsible for the smallness of the tree-level diagrams with respect to the 1-loop contributions. In our work, we consider the possibility of an enhancement due to the contribution of Standard Model dimension-six effective operators. We show that there are only two relevant operators for this process that are not yet (strongly) constrained by other data. We perform a sensitivity study on the operator coefficients for several benchmark values of energy and integrated luminosity related to the proposed linear colliders such as CLIC, ILC and FCC-ee and we derive expected 95% CL limits for each benchmark scenario.
Northern Ireland and the Divided World: The Northern Ireland Conflict and the Good Friday Agreement in Comparative Perspective. Edited by John McGarry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. 374p. $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.
Authors: Schmitt David E.
Published: May 2019

John McGarry and a distinguished group of comparativists have produced a volume important not only for scholars interested in the study of Northern Ireland but also for those concerned with ethnic conflict and nationalism generally. Although its success is certainly not assured, the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, a consociational (power-sharing) settlement of the Northern Ireland conflict with international confederal dimensions, has sparked much interest by scholars and practitioners concerned with other ethnonational conflicts. The agreement was achieved with considerable pressure and support from international actors. The international community has played an increasingly important part in the resolution, management, and containment of ethnonational conflict, and the success or failure of the Good Friday Agreement may hold important lessons for international efforts elsewhere. From both a theoretical and practical perspective, this is a fine edited volume with internal coherence and useful contributions.
Elusive Reform: Democracy and the Rule of Law in Latin America. By Mark Ungar. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2001. 273p. $55.00.
Authors: Domingo Pilar
Published: May 2019

Elusive Reform is an important and welcome addition to the still underdeveloped area of political science analysis of judicial institutions in Latin America. Few volumes to date have undertaken such an in-depth study of the complex issue of rule of law and its problematic construction in fragile democratic systems in the region. The book analyzes the experience of rule of law reform in Argentina and Venezuela, with some comparative reference to other Latin American countries.
Joint Ventures in English and German Law: Papers Presented to the First Oxford Anglo-German Law Conference, Autumn 1999. Edited by Eva Micheler and D.D. Prentice. [Oxford: Hart Publishing. 2000. xx, 181 and Index 3pp. Hardback £45 net. ISBN 1–84113–106–7.]
Authors: Sinclair-Brown Nicholas
Published: May 2019

This book comprises papers presented at the first Anglo-German Law Conference organised by the Oxford Law Faculty in autumn 1999. Written by specialists, including members of leading English and German Law firms, the text provides a richly textured insight into the nature and operation of joint ventures underpinned by an informed commentary as to the distinctive considerations brought to bear under two highly developed systems of law.
Post-Colonial Studies of Native America.A Review Essay
Authors: Bierwert Crisca
Published: May 2019

Twenty years ago a work entitledThe Nations Withinexamined the political structures that keep Native polities embedded within the United States, and the legal armature that sovereignty principles might provide for future activism (Deloria and Lytle 1984). The Native nations are still “within,” in the political sense, but they are “out” in public discourses; activism has given sovereignty claims more standing that all but dreamers would have imagined in 1984. During the same period, however, federal Indian policies have alternatively buttressed and undercut the power of tribal leadership, just as they have on other continents where imperial powers have cultivated “Native authorities.” Such destabilizing shifts impel scholars of Native political, economic, and cultural histories to examine less visible violence and inequalities that underlie political institutions, particularly those that remain as evident constructions of power change.
Stratigraphie architecture of the Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic along the southern border of the North Sea Basin in Belgium
Authors: Vandenberghe N. , Van Simaeys S. , Steurbaut E. , Jagt J.W.M. , Felder P. J.
Published: May 2019

The Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary record in the Campine Basin along the southern border of the North Sea Basin is analysed in terms of sequence stratigraphy. All available biostratigraphic, and in some cases, magnetostratigraphic data are used to constrain the sequence chronostratigraphy. The relative geographic extent of the strata is used as an indication of the relative sea level. Tectonic and eustatic components could be distinguished in several cases using regional geological information. Generally, sequences consist of transgressive and highstand systems tracts only and have flat, abrasion-type lower boundaries. Lowstand deposits are only identified as infill of erosional space, which generally implies marked tectonic uplift. Several eustatic and tectonic events can be correlated with similar events known elsewhere in the North Sea Basin. The time intervals spanned by the different sequences vary considerably, pointing out different control mechanisms.
The German Act to Introduce the Code of Crimes Against International Law
Authors: Handl Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

On June 26,2002 the German Federal Parliament passed an Act to Introduce the Code of Crimes Against International Law (“the Act”), which subsequently entered into force on June 30,2002, the day after its promulgation in the German Federal Law Gazette. Article 1 of the Act contains the Code of Crimes Against International Law (“CCAIL”), which provides the legal framework for German courts to prosecute crimes for which the International Criminal Court (“ICC”) is competent, namely, genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes (“the core crimes”). The remaining Articles of the Act contain, inter alia, amendments to the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, the primary purpose of which is to harmonize the general criminal law with the CCAIL.

For a better understanding of the significance of the CCAIL on the national and international plane, it is important to recall briefly the legal situation in Germany regarding the prosecution of the core crimes prior to the entry into force of the Act
Ecclesiastical Prisons and Royal Authority in the Reign of Henry VII
Authors: McGLYNN MARGARET
Published: May 2019

After his appointment as chief justice of King's Bench in 1495, John Fyneux pressured the ecclesiastical hierarchy through indictments for escapes which explored which officials had responsibility for the prisons and how they were managed, and thereby successfully asserted the royal right of oversight. By the end of Henry VII's reign his bishops, faced with ruinous fines like other lords, had largely accepted their role as gaolers under royal authority, and thus contributed to the bureaucratisation of the hierarchy which Henry VIII would exploit to such good effect.
The Next World and the New World: Relief, Migration, and the Great Irish Famine
Authors: Gráda Cormac Ó
Published: May 2019

Ireland on the eve of the Great Famine was a poor and backward economy. The Great Irish Famine of the 1840s is accordingly often considered the classic example of Malthusian population economics in action. However, unlike most historical famines, the Great Famine was not the product of a harvest shortfall, but of a major ecological disaster. Because there could be no return to thestatus quo ante, textbook famine relief in the form of public works or food aid was not enough. Fortunately, in an era of open borders mass emigration helped contain excess mortality, subject to the limitation that the very poorest could not afford to leave. In general, the authorities did not countenance publicly assisted migration. This article discusses the lessons to be learned from two exceptional schemes for assisting destitute emigrants during and in the wake of the famine.
Contesting the ‘War on Drugs’ in the Andes: US–Bolivian Relations of Power and Control (1989–93)
Authors: Gillies Allan
Published: May 2019

The implementation of President George H. W. Bush's 1989 Andean Initiative brought to the fore competing US and Bolivian agendas. While US embassy officials sought to exert control in pursuit of militarised policies, the Bolivian government's ambivalence towards the coca-cocaine economy underpinned opposition to the ‘Colombianisation’ of the country. This article deconstructs prevailing top-down, US-centric analyses of the drug war in Latin America to examine how US power was exercised and resisted in the Bolivian case. Advancing a more historically grounded understanding of the development of the US drug war in Latin America, it reveals the fluidity of US–Bolivian power relations, the contested nature of counter-drug policy at the country level, and the instrumentalisation of the ‘war on drugs’ in distinct US and Bolivian agendas.
Public Opinion and the Formation of Civic Character in Madison's Republican Theory
Authors: Sheehan Colleen A.
Published: May 2019

John Adams's complaints notwithstanding, no one of the American Founding generation has been so consistently misunderstood as James Madison. In recent decades a small handful of scholars have made significant strides toward correcting the Madisonian record. In addition to the justly acclaimed study of Madison by Lance Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty, the thoughtful work of Alan Gibson stands out in this regard. In particular, Professor Gibson's efforts to parse the contemporary debate over the character of Madison's political thought constitute a distinctive and valuable contribution to the literature on Madison and the Founding.

In his most recent essay, “Veneration and Vigilance: James Madison and Public Opinion, 1785–1800,” Professor Gibson makes three central claims, namely, that Madison never wavered in his commitment to popular sovereignty and deserves to be considered a leading and prescient democratic theorist of the Founding, that Madison's conception of the nature and role of public opinion in the 1790s signifies a substantial revision of the earlier Humean understanding of public opinion he embraced in the 1780s, and that Madison did not seek to foster civic education in the American republic. I agree with the first of these claims, though I would make the case for Madison's democratic credentials even more emphatically than Gibson does. In general, however, Gibson and I share common ground in the recognition of the critical importance of the concept of public opinion in Madisonian theory.
Madison on Democracy, Property, and Civic Education: A Reply to Matthews and Sheehan
Authors: Gibson Alan
Published: May 2019

Professors Richard Matthews and Colleen Sheehan raise two questions about my essay on James Madison and public opinion:(1) Can Madison be considered a genuine partisan of democracy? (2) Do Madison's writings on public opinion suggest that he believed that the government should try to foster a common opinion among the citizenry?

Sheehan and Matthews diametrically disagree. Like Martin Diamond and Lance Banning, Sheehan argues that Madison was a thoroughgoing democrat not only during the 1790s, but even during the years surrounding the formation of the Constitution. According to Matthews, Madison was the quintessential classical liberal and a proponent of “thin” democracy who believed that citizens should participate in politics primarily as voters who select elite men to make decisions for them.
A Fragment of a Monumental Bronze Statue, Lincoln
Authors: Coombe Penny , Pearce John , Libby Kathryn
Published: May 2019

A fragment of Roman monumental bronze sculpture was discovered near Lincoln in 2015 and reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme. This note offers identification of the piece as an over-life-size finger, describes comparable examples and similar pieces from the local area, and makes suggestions as to the original form of the sculpture from which it may have derived. The statue's metallurgical characteristics and making, the possible context of display and the circumstances of deposition are also considered.
‘Traditional’ versus ‘Modern’ Administrative Concepts: Dutch Intervention and its Results in Rural Banten, 1760–1790
Authors: Atsushi Ota
Published: May 2019

From 1763 to 1790 the Dutch East India Company attempted to promote pepper production in rural regions of Banten, the western tip of Java. This was the first Western intervention into Banten's local agrarian economy, and at the same time it was also a political attempt to introduce ‘modern’ administrative concepts into a ‘traditional’ society. In this paper I shall discuss the discrepancy and conflict between the ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’ administrative concepts, and concomitant changes in the political configuration in the local society. Special focus will be directed to the following questions: how the ‘traditional’ administrative system functioned; how the Dutch tried to modify it; how the Dutch promotion policy of pepper production was carried out and what result it attained; and what sort of changes, as a result, occurred in the political configurations in the local society.
Transnational Racialisation on the Periphery: Europeans, Indians, and the Construction of Identity in the Colonial Floridas, 1513–1565
Authors: Murphree Daniel S.
Published: May 2019

In 1565, an English sailor named John Sparke visited the colonial Floridas for the first, and probably, only time. Sparke, along with thousands of other Europeans, was in the midst of exploring, settling, and exploiting the Western Hemisphere's eastern coastline, an endeavour that escalated in intensity following the spectacular voyages of Christopher Columbus almost eighty years before. Encountering a variety of locales, objects, and peoples for the first time, the mariner made observations that reveal a great deal about the meeting of Old and New World cultures. Referring to the indigenous inhabitants of the region, Sparke wrote, ‘those people of the cape of Florida are of more savage and fierce nature, and more valiant than any of the rest [he had met in the Americas]’. Significantly, the sailor based his opinions, at least in part, on tales of native barbarity communicated to him by Spanish settlers who had begun colonising the peninsula at the dawn of the sixteenth century. According to these stories, Indians were uncivilised and ‘eaters of the flesh of men […] canibals’. Yet, Sparke remained unsure about how to evaluate the indigenous inhabitants. His confusion stemmed from conflicting assessments supplied by French colonisers who had also recently established a foothold in the Floridas.
Extraterritoriality in Bangkok in the Reign of King Chulalongkorn, 1868–1910: The Cacophonies of Semi-Colonial Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Lysa Hong
Published: May 2019

The uniqueness of Siam in being the only independent Southeast Asian country in the age of nineteenth-century colonialism is a mantra that persists largely to this day. It held that it was the calibre of the Siamese monarchs in particular King Chulalongkorn (1868–1910), the fifth reign of the present regnant dynasty, which saved the country from succumbing to the powerful and predatory west. By continuing his father King Mongkut's (1851–1868) foresight in adopting an open door policy by signing the Bowring Treaty (1855) and reforming the country's administration in conformity to their model of government, the king gained the recognition by the Europeans of Siam as a civilised country. As a tribute to the king's greatness, in particular for his benevolent rule and pivotal reforms, the ‘colloquial, affectionate, yet awesome’ title ‘Lord of Life’ (chao chiwit) was used by his subjects especially around this period, according to the royal family historian writing in 1960 who was a grandson of King Chulalongkorn. In 2003, another direct descendant of the king wrote that it was no less the ‘Lord of Life, Lord of the Realm, the fountain and embodiment of moral and spiritual power itself who recognised that survival in the face of colonialism necessitated engagement in diplomacy and internal reforms. By dint of such enlightened measures, the Siamese polity was transformed and strengthened. in political history, the emphasis has been on the efficiency and good governance made possible by the modernising administrative system.
Prevention of Central Venous Catheter–Related Bloodstream Infections Using Non-Technologic Strategies
Authors: Gnass Silvia Acosta , Barboza Luisa , Bilicich Dafne , Angeloro Pablo , Treiyer Walter , Grenóvero Silvia , Basualdo Juan
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the incidence of nosocomial bacteremias related to the use of non-impregnated central venous catheters (CVCs) when only non-technologic strategies were used to prevent them.

Design:

This was a prospective study of infectious complications of CVCs placed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from April 1997 to December 2001.

Setting:

The medical–surgical ICU of a tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital in Argentina.

Methods:

We studied all patients admitted to the ICU using non-impregnated CVCs. Maximal sterile barrier precautions (ie, use of cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves, and large sterile drape), strict handwashing, preparation of the patients' skin with antiseptic solutions, insertion and management of catheters by trained personnel, and continuing quality improvement programs aimed at appropriate insertion and maintenance of catheters were employed.

Results:

During the study period, 2,525 patients were admitted to the ICU. Eight hundred sixty-eight patients had 1,037 CVCs inserted. The number of CVC-related bloodstream infections (BSIs), acquired in the ICU, was 2.7 per 1,000 CVC-days (13 nosocomial CVC-related BSIs during 4,770 days of CVC use). Microorganisms isolated included methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (n = 2), coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (n = 2), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1).

Conclusions:

A low rate of catheter-related BSI was achieved without antimicrobial-impregnated catheters. The incidence of CVC-associated bacteremias corresponded to the 10th to 20th percentile range of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals for the same type of ICU.
Jacques Copeau, Etienne Decroux, and the ‘Flower of Noh’
Authors: Leabhart Thomas
Published: May 2019

Many of Copeau's students and colleagues in the first half of the twentieth century used a specific vocabulary to describe successful performance. The performer was ‘in a trance’, or ‘possessed’, or in an ‘altered state of being’. Decroux spoke of ‘evicting the tenant from the apartment so that God could come to live there’. For Copeau and others, the mask was an important tool in the discovery of this optimum state. In this article, Thomas Leabhart suggests that the ideas of the American theatre theoretician David Cole might help us to explore what this language means in terms of shamanic voyages. Thomas Leabhart is Resident Artist and Professor of Theatre at Pomona College in California, editor of Mime Journal, and author of Modern and Post-Modern Mime (Macmillan, 1999). He is also a member of the artistic staff of the International School of Theatre Anthropology (ISTA) and teaches workshops and performs internationally. Leabhart studied with Etienne Decroux from 1968 to 1972, and served as his teaching assistant and translator.
The Role of Ethnicity and Religion in the Social Support System of Older Dutch Canadians
Authors: van Dijk Joanne
Published: May 2019

This paper focuses on the role of religion and ethnicity in providing social support for elderly Dutch Canadian Catholic and Calvinist parents and in establishing ethno-religious retirement and long-term care facilities. The data come from a 1995 survey of elderly Dutch Canadian immigrants (N = 79) and their adult children (N = 364) examining intraethnic differences in ethnic persistence and parent care. Continuity theory provides the theoretical framework for this study. In the last few decades, second generation Dutch Calvinist immigrants have been busy establishing retirement and long-term care facilities to look after the needs of the older Calvinist generation. Dutch Catholic immigrants have established very few retirement and nursing homes for their elderly members. Ethnic and religious differences influence the kind of support available to elderly Dutch Canadians.
La participation à l'aide et aux soins des conjoints et des enfants auprès de personnes âgées nouvellement hébergées en centre d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée
Authors: Vézina Aline , Pelletier Daniel
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the participation of family caregivers when an elderly relative is going to a nursing home. Twenty-two primary caregivers, whose relative, aged 60 years or older, had recently been admitted to a public nursing home, were interviewed. The content analysis reveals that caregivers worry about and do what is needed to ensure the physical, psychological, and social well-being of their elderly relative and take care of her/his belongings. Doing things for her/him gradually gives way to managing things. Caregivers carry out the duty of protecting their family members, stimulating them, and keeping a close watch on the work of the staff of the institution.
Michèle Charpentier. Priver ou privatiser la vieillesse? Entre le domicile à tout prix et le placement à aucun prix. Sainte-Foy, QC: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2002.
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

Michèle Charpentier's book explores the idea of government's sharing, with private and community resources, the responsibility for services for the frail elderly. Charpentier addresses the issue of the emergence of private residences, within the context of the evolution of the Quebec government. This book traces the history of Quebec policies on support of the frail elderly, discusses the social, ethical, and legal stakes involved in the development of private residences, and presents the points of view of different stakeholders affected by this dilemma. Charpentier's book proves to be both a rich and nuanced reflection on the legitimacy of the government's intervention, as well as on the opportunities for development available to the government, in the housing sector in particular, and on a broader scale, in the general area of services for the fragile elderly.
Towards radical innovations in a mature company: an empirical study on the UX-FFE model
Authors: Lecossier Adrien , Pallot Marc , Crubleau Pascal , Richir Simon
Published: May 2019

The ability to successfully conduct radical innovations is mandatory for mature industrial companies that want to remain competitive in the global market. This ability relies on several ingredients, namely: (1) the structuring of the innovation process; (2) managerial principles; (3) methodological tools; (4) the presence of a culture of innovation. This paper reports about the impact of applying the User eXperience-Fuzzy Front End (UX-FFE) model, which brings together the systemic innovation process with the social, economical, and methodological aspects on the outcomes of the innovation process. Firstly, it appears that the operational performance of the upstream innovation process relies on the quality of the social context, intrinsic to the group of co-creators, corresponding to the reported perceived experience. Secondly, the UX-FFE model application, therefore, allows optimizing the upstream innovation process performance. Indeed, we argue that the evaluation of the co-creators perceived experience brings new opportunities to optimize the operational performance of the upstream innovation process. The first part of this paper presents deeper a theoretical model, named UX-FFE, which combines a UX approach with an upstream innovation process (FFE). The main interest of this UX-FFE model is that it allows evaluating the social aspect of the upstream innovation process, which may be detrimental to the success of radical innovation projects in mature companies. The second part presents the results of previous experiments that validated the model. The results allow the design of an instrument dedicated to the evaluation of the user experience of co-creators in the ideation stage. Finally, the third part reports about the experimentation of the UX-FFE in a mature company. Results present the impact of the co-creators' experience on the performance of radical innovation projects.
Saving energy by anticipating hot water production: identification of key points for an efficient statistical model integration
Authors: Denis Yvan , Suard Frédéric , Lomet Aurore , Chèze David
Published: May 2019

This work aims to evaluate the energy savings that can be achieved in domestic hot water (DHW) production using consumption forecasting through statistical modeling. It uses our forecast algorithm and aims at investigating how it can improve energy efficiency depending on the system configuration. Especially, the influence of the DHW production type used is evaluated as well as the water tank insulation. To that end, real consumption measurements are used for model training. Then simulations are run on using TRNSYS software to compute the total energy consumption of DHW production systems over 1 year. Simulations are also based on real consumption measurements for realistic results. To appraise the energy savings, we compared simulations that consider either no forecast (reactive control), perfect forecast (to estimate the control ability to consider forecast), or the forecast provided by our algorithm. The measurements and simulations are run on 26 different but real dwellings to assess results variability. Several system configurations are also compared with varying thermal insulation indices for a complete benchmark of the approach so that an overall performance of the system and the anticipation strategy could be evaluated.
Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Best Practice in Practicum with Learners Who Have High Support Needs
Authors: Stephenson Jennifer , Carter Mark
Published: May 2019

Student teachers’ perceptions of possible best practices in the education of students with high support needs and their reports of level of implementation during field experience were investigated in this research. In addition, the student teachers’ suggestions for other indicators of best practice and their perceptions of barriers to best practice were examined. These data were also compared with that obtained in a previous study of teachers. Students reported high levels of agreement with best practice indicators, broadly consistent with the views of teachers. In contrast, students reported substantially lower levels of perceived implementation than teachers. Exploration of the reasons for these perceived differences is a priority for university educators involved in preparation of special education teachers. In addition, weight is added to the argument that evaluation of implementation of best practice should draw on a range of sources and that sole reliance on retrospective teacher self‐reports may be problematic.
Right ventricular function in congenital cardiac disease: noninvasive quantitative parameters for clinical follow-up
Authors: Tulevski Igor I. , Dodge-Khatami Ali , Groenink Maarten , van der Wall Ernst E. , Romkes Hans , Mulder Barbara J. M.
Published: May 2019

Right ventricular function is of great importance in patients with both acute and chronic ventricular overload. The early detection of right ventricular dysfunction may have an impact on therapeutic decision making, helping to prevent or further delay functional deterioration of the right ventricle.

In patients with right ventricular overload due to congenital cardiac diseases, dobutamine stress testing combined with magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiographic changes, and monitoring of concentrations of plasma brain natriuretic peptide are very suitable parameters for the early detection of ventricular dysfunction, and should therefore be used in the follow-up of these patients.

It is apparent that no single measurement of anatomy or function can ever adequately describe the form or performance of the right ventricle. Rather, we should be looking more towards an integrated approach of different parameters for right ventricular function. The quantitative parameters described in this study can serve this purpose. The strong correlation found between these non-invasive and independent parameters encourages their clinical implementation.
Transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder. Comparisons with the Rashkind, buttoned devices, and coils in 116 consecutive patients
Authors: Godart François , Rey Christian , Devos Patrick , Brevière Georges-Marie , Francart Charles
Published: May 2019

Aim: To report results of transcatheter occlusion of moderate to large patent arterial ducts, having a minimum diameter above 2.5 mm, with the Amplatzer duct occluder, and to compare these with results achieved using Rashkind or Sideris devices and Cook detachable coils. Design and setting: Retrospective study conducted on intention-to-treat data from a tertiary referral centre. Patients: Since 1989, 116 consecutive patients, 77 females and 39 males, underwent percutaneous closure with several devices. We used the Rashkind double umbrella in 23 patients, the Sideris buttoned device in 39 patients, coils in 17 patients, and the Amplatzer duct occluder in 37 patients. The median age of the patients was 37 months, and the median weight 13 kg. The mean minimum diameter of the duct was 3.8 ± 1.22 mm, with a median of 3.5 mm, and range from 2.5 to 10 mm. Results: Implantation succeeded in all but 9 of the children (92%). The time of fluoroscopy was shorter, and full occlusion was better as judged on angiography, in patients closed using the Amplatzer device, despite closure of larger ducts, than in patients closed using other devices (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0015 for the Rashkind, Sideris, and coils, respectively). Complications included embolisation in 2 patients, and haemolysis in 3 patients. In 12 patients, a second device was inserted because of residual shunting noted during follow-up. Complete occlusion was achieved earlier after implantation (p = 0.0002), and the rate of complete occlusion was better in patients receiving an Amplatzer device (97%, p = 0.024) than in patients undergoing closure with other devices. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of moderate to large patent arterial ducts using the Amplatzer duct occluder is an effective and safe procedure, providing better results than those achieved using other occluders.
Visualization of morphological details in congenitally malformed hearts: virtual three-dimensional reconstruction from magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sørensen Thomas Sangild , Pedersen Erik Morre , Hansen Ole Kromann , Sørensen Keld
Published: May 2019

In recent years, three-dimensional imaging has provided new opportunities for visualizing congenital cardiac malformations. We present the initial clinical experience using a recently implemented system, which employs some of new interactive, real-time, techniques. We show how three-dimensional rendering based on magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed spatial information on both intrinsic and extrinsic cardiac relations, and hence how a virtual examination can potentially provide new means to a better understanding of complex congenital cardiac malformations.
Mitral perforation: a rare cause of congenital mitral regurgitation
Authors: Öztunç Funda , Saltık Irfan Levent , Türkoğlu Halil
Published: May 2019

In a 4-year-old boy with severe mitral regurgitation, cross sectional echocardiography combined with Doppler interrogation confirmed the presence of isolated perforation of the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve. The perforation was closed with a patch of fresh autologous pericardium. Serial echocardiograms taken postoperatively showed no regurgitation across the mitral valve.
Evaluation of subclinical valvar disease in patients with rheumatic fever
Authors: Ozkutlu Suheyla , Hallioglu Olgu , Ayabakan Canan
Published: May 2019

Carditis is the only manifestation of acute rheumatic fever that leads to permanent disability. Hence, its diagnosis is of paramount importance. Recently, it has been reported that Doppler echocardiography has disclosed subclinical valvar regurgitation in some patients with acute rheumatic fever manifested as isolated arthritis or pure chorea. The prognosis of such patients with acute rheumatic fever and subclinical valvitis is not clear. We aimed, therefore, prospectively to investigate the potential to diagnose patients with subclinical carditis. We examined 40 patients, aged from 7 to 16 years, with Doppler evidence of mitral and aortic regurgitation, but in the absence of any pathologic murmur. The major findings satisfying the Jones criterions were arthritis in 29 patients, chorea in 10 patients, and arthritis and erythema marginatum in one patient. Of the patients, 33 had mitral regurgitation, 6 patients had combined mitral and aortic regurgitation, and one patient had aortic regurgitation. The patients were followed over a mean period of 18.1 ± 13.9 months, the valvar regurgitation disappearing in 23 (57.5%). No significant differences were observed in the resolution of the valvitis between those treated with acetylsalicylic acid, steroids, or those receiving no treatment. It is noteworthy, nonetheless, that patients treated with steroids were the fastest to recover from valvitis (p < 0.05).

Based on our study, we suggest that subclinical valvitis demonstrated by echocardiography should now be accepted as adequate evidence for the diagnosis of carditis, and become a major diagnostic criterion for acute rheumatic fever. When managing this group of patients with subclinical disease, treatment with steroids seems to have a role in promoting early resolution of the valvitis.
Results of staged reconstruction for hypoplasia of the left heart: an experience of 12 years from one institution
Authors: Thies Wolf-Ruediger , Breymann Thomas , Boethig Dietmar , Blanz Ute , Meyer Hans , Koerfer Reiner
Published: May 2019

Background:We reviewed our 12-year experience with staged reconstruction for hypoplasia of the left heart, examining the results of each surgical step and the impact of the year of the Norwood operation on survival. We compared survival of patients with hypoplasia of the left heart subsequent to completion of the Fontan circulation to survival of patients with a dominant left ventricle undergoing a Fontan procedure.Patients:Between 1989 and 2001, we performed a first stage procedure in 89 patients. Their median age was 9 days, with a range from 2 to 140 days, and the median weight was 3.4 kg, with a range from 2.4 to 5.4 kg.Results:Survival at 1, 4, and 10 years was 55%, 49%, and 49%, respectively. We experienced 23 early deaths (26%), and 12 deaths between the stages of the Norwood cascade. Of our patients, 42 underwent the second stage, and 30 the third stage. Prior to the first stage, symptoms of necrotising enterocolitis, and of obstructed pulmonary venous return, influenced survival significantly. The latter was eliminated as risk factor when surgery was performed within the first week of life. During the later part of our experience, survival at the first stage operation improved significantly, with survival at 3 years increasing from 42% to 75% for the patients at standard-risk (p = 0.017), and from 17% to 42% for those deemed to be at high-risk (p = 0.1). No deaths occurred in 23 patients older than 3 years of age, all of whom had proceeded through the third stage. After completion of the Fontan circulation, the survival of the patients with hypoplasia of the left heart at 4 years was comparable to the survival of patients undergoing the Fontan procedure with a dominant left ventricle (88% versus 90%, p = 0.8).Conclusions:Early and intermediate survival has improved significantly over the period of 12 years. Late death has been uncommon, and none of our patients are listed for cardiac transplantation.
Acute recoil of stents used for the relief of stenotic great vessels in the setting of congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Tomita Hideshi , Yazaki Satoshi , Kimura Kohji , Watanabe Ken , Hatakeyama Kinya , Ono Yasuo , Echigo Shigeyuki
Published: May 2019

We implanted either large or medium Palmaz stents, or a Palmaz Corinthian stent, in various stenotic vessels, such as the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, or superior caval vein. Using angiograms, we measured the diameter of the stenotic vessel before or after the implantation, the minimal diameter of the lumen, the minimal diameter of the largest fully expanded balloon used to expand the stent, and the diameter immediately after withdrawal of the balloon.

The minimal diameter of the fully expanded balloon, and the minimal diameter of the lumen subsequent to expansion, were 8.2 ± 2.4, and 7.7 ± 2.3 mm, giving an absolute recoil of 0.5 ± 0.4 mm, and a proportional recoil of 7 ± 4%. There was no significant difference in either the absolute or proportional recoil for any of the stents, or for any of the different stenotic vessels. The proportional recoil correlated linearly with the minimal diameter of the lumen prior to the procedure, and with the ratio of the stenosis to the balloon, while the diameter of the stenotic vessels, the minimal diameter of the largest fully expanded balloon, the proportional stenosis prior to the procedure, and the ratio of the balloon to the diameter of the stenotic vessel, had no significant correlation with proportional recoil. The proportional recoil exceeded more than one-tenth when the minimal diameter of the lumen prior to the dilation was less than 3 mm, or the ratio of the balloon to the stenosis was greater than 3.0.

An absolute recoil of around 1 mm is common when a large or medium Palmaz, or a Palmaz Corinthian stent, is implanted in great vessels. Balloons with a diameter of approximately one-tenth greater than that of the adjacent vessel may be needed if the minimal diameter of the lumen is small prior to the procedure.
Acute pulmonary oedema following percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvoplasty in children
Authors: Shrivastava Savitri , Tomar Munesh , Radhakrishnan Sitaraman
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary oedema complicating balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve is extremely rare. We describe two children who developed acute pulmonary oedema soon after successful dilation of the pulmonary valve. They were treated with diuretics, ionotropes, and ventilatory support. Despite the supportive therapy, the complication proved fatal in one.