bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Course Health Development in Pediatric Practice
Authors: Schor Edward L.
Published: December 2020

The development of health is a cumulative, dynamic, and lifelong process responding to a variety of biological and behavioral influences, of which those in childhood are especially influential and, indeed, formative. Reflecting the balance of positive and adverse experiences during childhood, initial trajectories for future health and development emerge. Preventive pediatric care can anticipate and respond to those experiences and the personal and social circumstances in which they occur. These actions can promote better health and prevent chronic illness during adulthood. Building on the life course health development framework, ways to positively affect patterns of individual and population health practice are identified. Maximizing the opportunity to influence children’s health over their lifetime will require purposeful partnerships with other entities with which children and their families interact as well as improvements in pediatric care processes. The latter includes expanding the databases that drive service (such as registries, care plans, and referrals) and adopting proactive, strengths-based, patient and family-centered, comprehensive, multidisciplinary models of care.
Enteral Vitamin A for Reducing Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Rakshasbhuvankar Abhijeet A. , Simmer Karen , Patole Sanjay K. , Stoecklin Benjamin , Nathan Elizabeth A. , Clarke Michael W. , Pillow J. Jane
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Evidence suggests that intramuscular vitamin A reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Our objective was to compare enteral water-soluble vitamin A with placebo supplementation to reduce the severity of BPD in extremely preterm infants.

METHODS:

We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in infants <28 weeks’ gestation who were to receive either enteral water-soluble vitamin A (5000 IU per day) or a placebo. Supplementation was started within 24 hours of introduction of feeds and continued until 34 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). The primary outcome was the severity of BPD, assessed by using the right shift of the pulse oximeter saturation versus the inspired oxygen pressure curve.

RESULTS:

A total of 188 infants were randomly assigned. The mean ± SD birth weight (852 ± 201 vs 852 ± 211 g) and gestation (25.8 ± 1.49 vs 26.0 ± 1.39 weeks) were comparable between the vitamin A and placebo groups. There was no difference in the right shift (median [25th–75th percentiles]) of the pulse oximeter saturation versus inspired oxygen pressure curve (in kilopascals) between the vitamin A (11.1 [9.5–13.7]) and placebo groups (10.7 [9.5–13.1]) (P = .73). Enteral vitamin A did not affect diagnosis of BPD or other clinical outcomes. Plasma retinol levels were significantly higher in the vitamin A group versus the placebo group on day 28 and at 34 weeks’ PMA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Enteral water-soluble vitamin A supplementation improves plasma retinol levels in extremely preterm infants but does not reduce the severity of BPD.
Vitamin D for Growth and Rickets in Stunted Children: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Crowe Francesca L. , Mughal M. Zulf , Maroof Zabihullah , Berry Jacqueline , Kaleem Musa , Abburu Sravya , Walraven Gijs , Masher Mohammad I. , Chandramohan Daniel , Manaseki-Holland Semira
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Vitamin D is essential for healthy development of bones, but little is known about the effects of supplementation in young stunted children. Our objective was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of rickets and linear growth among Afghan children.

METHODS:

In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 3046 children ages 1 to 11 months from inner-city Kabul were randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D3 (100 000 IU) or placebo every 3 months for 18 months. Rickets Severity Score was calculated by using wrist and knee radiographs for 631 randomly selected infants at 18 months, and rickets was defined as a score >1.5. Weight and length were measured at baseline and 18 months by using standard techniques, and z scores were calculated.

RESULTS:

Mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (seasonally corrected) and dietary calcium intake were insufficient at 37 (35–39) nmol/L and 372 (327–418) mg/day, respectively. Prevalence of rickets was 5.5% (placebo) and 5.3% (vitamin D): odds ratio 0.96 (95% CI: 0.48 to 1.92); P = .9. The mean difference in height-for-age z score was 0.05 (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.15), P = .3, although the effect of vitamin D was greater for those consuming >300 mg/day of dietary calcium (0.14 [95% CI: 0 to 0.29]; P = .05). There were no between-group differences in weight-for-age or weight-for-height z scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Except in those with higher calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on rickets or growth.
Ultrasound Detection of Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Case Report
Authors: D’Abate Fabrizio , Vitale Cristiana
Published: December 2020

The ultrasound definition of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECCAs) is unclear. The threshold diameter to use for defining an extracranial carotid artery as aneurysmal is still debated. Similarly, the ultrasound method of choice for measuring the maximum diameter of ECCAs has not been agreed. In this paper we report the case of a patient with a fusiform aneurysm at the level of the carotid artery bifurcation and a large saccular aneurysm of the proximal internal carotid artery, and discuss the information essential to acquire when ECCAs are detected with ultrasound.
Conservative Management of a Splenic Artery Aneurysm in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Gatmaitan Raleene , Werner-Gibbings Keagan , Sallam Morad , Bell Rachel , Gkoutzios Panos
Published: December 2020

Splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are a rare and life-threatening pathology. Ruptured SAA has a mortality rate of up to 25%, with increased rates of rupture in pregnancy, pseudoaneurysm, liver transplantation, portal hypertension, symptomatic SAA and diameter >2 cm. Management of SAA in pregnant women is poorly described in the literature, making treatment of these patients difficult. Furthermore, careful consideration of complications for both the mother and the foetus need to be taken into account. This case report demonstrates that conservative management with monthly surveillance MRI can be used as viable treatment option of an asymptomatic 17 mm splenic artery aneurysm in a pregnant woman.
過労死 (Karōshi)’s phenomenon and its collective existential damage
Authors: Ericksen Lauro
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses 過労死 (Karōshi)’s phenomenon, stating it as a social labor-related issue. It presents Karōshi as sudden death by overworking. This paper objective consists in showing it as a singular and particular case of Japanese workaholism, rooted in its own cultural work system, conceptualizing Karōshi as a singularity in Japanese cultural system, putting it, and also 過労自殺 (Karōjisatsu), as an existential damage beyond the  individual worker. Karōshi surpasses the line of personal damage and can be considered a cultural collective damage.
Movimentos e estado como coletivos instáveis e heterogêneos
Authors: C. Rosa Marcelo , Penna Camila , D. Carvalho Priscila
Published: December 2020

Neste texto apresenta-se uma proposta teórico-metodológica para pesquisar movimentos e estado tomando como base as associações que estabelecem a partir de três pesquisas: sobre as transformações do Landless People’s Movement (LPM) da África do Sul, as interações entre movimentos rurais brasileiros e o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Incra) na implementação da política de reforma agrária, e a transnacionalização da Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura (Contag). O principal efeito do artigo é uma definição ontológica de movimentos e do estado como coletivos cuja existência é marcada por contínuos agenciamentos de elementos heterogêneos e instáveis. Não sendo possível tomá-los como unidades analíticas fechadas, cabe às pesquisas observar construções contínuas de grupos e coletivos contingentes às associações contextuais que se formam – desde antes, portanto, de sua expressão pública. Para tanto, propõe-se que sejam compreendidos quais elementos, agenciados de forma específica e descritível, permitem que as coisas tomem os cursos que normalmente observamos e analisamos. Sugere-se ainda o emprego metodológico das controvérsias como categorias analíticas e a observação dos processos na longa duração
Condenando políticos corruptos?
Authors: Sant'Ana Bento Juliane , Da Ros Luciano , Alex Londero Bruno
Published: December 2020

O artigo contribui para o debate sobre comportamento judicial em casos de corrupção. Ele indaga sob quais condições integrantes do Poder Judiciário condenam autoridades políticas acusadas de corrupção e por que algumas autoridades são tratadas mais severamente do que outras. Para tanto, ele analisa todos os 1.716 casos julgados pela 4ª Câmara Criminal do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul, primeiro órgão especializado no julgamento de crimes de prefeitos municipais instituído no Brasil, em 1992, até 2016. O artigo examina o impacto de três grupos de hipóteses, relativas ao perfil dos prefeitos acusados, às características socioeconômicas dos municípios e ao funcionamento das instituições dos sistemas de justiça. Testadas por meio de técnicas descritivas e multivariadas, a análise sugere que o último grupo de variáveis exerce maior impacto sobre a chance de condenação criminal de prefeitos, e que as demais variáveis exibem impacto mais reduzido ou estatisticamente insignificante.
“2018, a batalha final”
Authors: Lopes Monalisa Soares , Albuquerque Grazielle , Bezerra Gabriella Maria Lima
Published: December 2020

O presente texto analisa como a campanha de Jair Bolsonaro na TV, no segundo turno da eleição presidencial de 2018, mobilizou a luta anticorrupção como estratégia de adesão eleitoral. Investigamos a hipótese de que o tema assume centralidade na campanha, impulsionado pelo impacto da operação Lava-jato no sistema político e da sua estratégia de conquista da opinião pública. Para tanto, apresentamos, de um lado, as principais linhas de atuação da Operação, e de outro, como suas narrativas foram retratadas no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral do candidato eleito. Na análise dos operadores da Lava-jato, constatamos que a eleição de 2018 é vista como o próximo passo para a efetivação do seu projeto de renovação e limpeza da política. Argumentamos que houve a coordenação estratégica na luta anticorrupção, na busca de uma convergência entre as accountabilities horizontal, societal e vertical. No tratamento dos dados do HGPE, identificamos quatro eixos discursivos e a predominância do eixo Anticorrupção/Antissistema, com aproximadamente 57,2% das menções. Nossa análise aponta que Bolsonaro aproveitou as marcas discursivas que se alinhavam fortemente à Lava-jato: antipetismo e antissistema, apresentando-se como o representante genuíno da luta anticorrupção.
Systemic corruption and disorganized anticorruption in Italy
Authors: Vannucci Alberto
Published: December 2020

TThis paper provides, trough different indicators, empirical evidence on the presumably high relevance of corruption in Italian politics and administration, providing an explanation of how this “obscure” side of Italian politics – a pervasive market for corrupt exchanges – has found its way to regulate its hidden activities within an informal institutional framework, i.e. systemic corruption. A general theoretical framework for the analysis of limits and “windows of opportunity” in Italian anticorruption policies will then be provided, crossing the degree of salience and politicization of corruption issue to explain how in different periods such variables shaped such policy arena. Finally, it will be shown how occasionally this dark side of Italian politics clashed with the clean side of politics, focusing on the reasons of the weak political accountability of Italian politicians involved in corruption scandals in the last decades.
Political corruption in Italy
Authors: Guarnieri Carlo , Dallara Cristina , Sapignoli Michele
Published: December 2020

At least since the 1990s, corruption has continued to be listed as one of the major shortcomings affecting old and new European democracies. In spite of that, measuring political corruption is still a tricky task. In this scenario, some recent studies proposed to turn the attention to the judicial actions to curb corruption, through criminal prosecution, shedding light specifically on the investigations involving high-level politicians (Popova and Post 2018; Dallara 2019).  In this paper we aim to present data about judicial prosecution of political corruption in Italy, emphasizing how the number of investigations involving political actors seems rather high, although relatively few cases end with a conviction. Moreover, we aim to suggest some explanatory factors that could account for this situation. Among them: the salience of the issue in the political and public debate; the governance structure of the Italian judicial system and some characters of the Italian criminal law and procedure.
The Lava Jato investigation and the political instability in Latin America
Authors: Paffarini Jacopo
Published: December 2020

Anti-corruption investigations have always been one of the main causes of political crises in Latin America. However, the last episodes of presidential removal have shown a new activism of the parliaments, which have re-interpreted the constitutional provisions on impeachment proceedings in order to legitimize a change in the governmental agenda. This practice affects the balance between the two representative powers, as it fails to observe the limits of the presidential accountability and paves the way to new instabilities.
Appendicitis képében jelentkező akut promyelocytás leukaemia kiújulása allogén csontvelő-transzplantációt követően
Authors: Biró Adrienn , Ternyik László , Egyed Miklós , Bálint István , Czoma Veronika , Kajtár Béla , Káposztás Zsolt
Published: December 2020

Összefoglaló. Az akut myeloid leukaemia ellátása primeren
hematológiai feladat, relapsusa során is ritka a sebészeti szövődmény.
Esettanulmányunkban egy 46 éves férfi beteget mutatunk be, akinél rutinvérvétel
során felfedezett akut promyelocytás leukaemia miatt történt hematológiai
kezelés. Alapbetegsége komplett molekuláris remisszióba jutott, ezt követően
fenntartó kezeléseket kapott, de betegsége kiújult. Reindukciós kezelést
követően fehérvérsejtszáma normalizálódott, de nem jutott molekuláris
remisszióba. További kezelés után a férfi testvérétől gyűjtött őssejttel allogén
csontvelő-transzplantáció történt. Közel egy éve molekuláris remisszióban volt a
beteg, amikor jelentkeztek jobb alhasi panaszai neutropenia, a C-reaktív protein
magas értéke és pozitív hasi ultrahang mellett. Akutan laparoszkópos módszerrel
távolítottuk el a láthatóan gyulladt féregnyúlványt. A hisztológiai feldolgozás
során az akut promyelocytás leukaemia manifesztációja igazolódott. Tekintettel
arra, hogy közben csontvelői relapsus is kialakult, újabb reindukciós kezelés,
és másik testvérétől vett őssejtekkel ismételten allogén
csontvelő-transzplantáció történt. Az általunk ismert irodalomban appendicitis
képében jelentkező akut promyelocytás leukaemia relapsusáról nem találtunk
közleményt, ezért tartottuk esetünket publikációra érdemesnek. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(51): 2171–2174.

Summary. The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia is primarily
hematological. Surgical complications are rare even during relapse. We present
the case of a 46-year-old man who was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic
leukemia after a routine blood test. Following hematological treatment,
molecular remission was achieved, and he was on maintenance therapy, when his
leukemia relapsed. He received re-induction treatment and his white blood cell
count normalised, however, molecular remission was not reached. After further
treatment, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed with stem cells
collected from his brother. He developed right lower quadrant abdominal pain
with neutropenia, elevated C-reactive protein and abdominal ultrasound report
showed thickened appendix after nearly one year of molecular remission. We
performed en emergency laparoscopic appendicectomy to remove the inflamed
appendix. Histology confirmed acute promyelocytic leukemia manifestation in the
appendix. Given the repeated bone marrow relapse, he received re-induction
treatment and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation again with stem cells
collected from his another brother. To the best of our knowledge, no previous
report in the literature can be found of appendicitis mimicking relapse of acute
promyelocytic leukemia, thus, this case report holds merit for publication. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(51): 2171–2174.
African Pentecostalism and the 1918 influenza pandemic: The supernatural amid the fearful and implications for the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fagunwa Omololu Ebenezer
Published: December 2020

Infectious outbreaks that lead to epidemics and pandemics are dreaded because of the adverse health, economic, and social effects. The 1918 pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza virus killed about 40 million people worldwide. Like the case of COVID-19, the pandemic of 1918 kept Christians, as well as people of other faiths, from worshipping together. However, African indigenous Pentecostal movements and groups emerged in various parts of the continent around the same time. This period was the time of huge Pneumatic experience and spiritual awakening. Pentecostals devoted themselves to building their faith and praying ceaselessly during that time, and this has become the foundation of the doctrine and theological instruction of most African-initiated churches (AICs). Because there have been no studies that consider the 1918 flu pandemic and Pentecostal response in Africa, this study was undertaken. The time of the 1918 pandemic appeared to be a good opportunity for spiritual awakening. Intense prayer prevailed during those times, and teaching and exposition about prayer formed the core of the theology of most AICs. Pandemics often bring devastation but could also be an opportunity for spiritual awakening through prayer, love in action, social justice, compassion, and care.
Utilizing social media technology during the COVID-19 pandemic to assist highly vulnerable populations in the Philippines
Authors: Go Daryn Joy , Hung Natalee , Ferrolino Hannah , Wilson Kendall , Choi Mia , Mayhugh Daniel , Lau Lincoln
Published: December 2020

National lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced in response to COVID-19 have forced many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) serving in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to suspend their operations. While low-income families continue to suffer from hunger and poverty, community quarantine restrictions additionally isolated them from town centers where healthcare, education, food, supplies, and livelihood opportunities are usually accessed. International Care Ministries (ICM) is a Philippine-based NGO that runs a poverty-alleviation program targeted towards extreme low-income households. As we re-evaluated how we may continue to effectively minister and serve our communities despite lockdown measures, we identified two priorities: (1) to serve people’s physical needs by providing food and access to healthcare, and (2) to serve people’s spiritual needs through spiritual feeding and community. In this field report, we describe how ICM was able to identify and use social network platforms as an alternative to continue both service delivery and spiritual feeding remotely. We hope this example may encourage other development NGOs to persevere as we all continue to seek ways to adapt to these extraordinary and seemingly ever-changing circumstances.
Detection of Histamine-Producing Bacteria on Tuna Species using Histidine Decarboxylase (hdc) and 16S rRNA
Authors: Nurilmala Mala , Saputri Novia Nanda , Abdullah Asadatun , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Yusfiandayani Roza , Sondita Muhamad Fedi Alfiadi
Published: December 2020

Histamine-producing bacteria to predict histamine level production can be identified by a molecular approach. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of histamine-producing bacteria on tuna, little tuna, and skipjack (TTC) meat, to analyze its bioinformatics through phylogenetic tree construction also to determine the levels of its histamine. The identification of histamine-producing bacteria was conducted using a molecular technique based on the hdc and 16S rRNA genes. Histamine levels were measured by a spectrofluorometer. The results showed types of histamine-producing bacteria had been successfully identified, both using specific hdc and 16S rRNA universal primers, including Morganella morganii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Enterobacter bugandensis. The phylogenetic tree showed that the bacteria M. morganii and E. hormaechei were closely related to one cluster. Meanwhile, the other close relative cluster were Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter bugandensis, and Escherichia fergusonii. In addition, histamine levels of frozen tuna, little tuna, and skipjack were 2.96±0.22 ppm, 2.14±0.23 ppm, and 1.02±0.97 ppm, respectively.
Golden Sea Cucumber: Identification and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Collagen Hydrolysates
Authors: Fawzya, MSi Ir. Yusro Nuri , Putra Nugrah Analiadi , Witarto Arif Budi , Patantis Gintung
Published: December 2020

Golden sea cucumber or locally known as “teripang emas” is one of Indonesia’s most popular sea cucumber and widely processed as functional food or supplement due to its bioactivities. The sea cucumber is often misidentified due to its morphological similarities with other Stichopus spp. This study aimed to identify the golden sea cucumber obtained from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, by a molecular method and study the antioxidant activities of its collagen hydrolysates. The hydrolysates were produced by hydrolyzing acid collagen extract using neutrase for 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mins. The products were then analyzed for their degree of hydrolysis, peptide content, molecular weight distribution and radical scavenging activity by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results showed that hydrolysis for 180 mins was optimal in producing the highest peptide content, 12.79 ± 0.44 mg/mL, with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 55.2 ± 1.50%. However, the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 of 5.25 ± 0.15 mg/mL) was demonstrated after 60 mins hydrolysis with molecular weight (MW) ranged from less than 14.4 kDa to approximately 25 kDa. The hydrolysate might be categorized as a weak to moderate antioxidant. Based on the molecular identification, the golden sea cucumber had 99% similarities with Stichopus horrens and S. monotuberculatus.
Medicine of the Kama Region during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945
Authors: Nikolay Nevostruev , Valentina Lyadova
Published: December 2020

Attention is drawn to the lag in research of Perm medicine history during the Great Patriotic War from the general mainstream of historical publications of this period in domestic and foreign literature. So the filling of this lacuna presents one of the most perspective directions in the Ural historiography. The importance of Molotov (Perm) region in providing medical care to wounded and sick soldiers in the union and Ural system is emphasized. In this process a special role of Medical Institute becoming the basis of the organizational and personnel medical potential of the region has been highlighted. An equally important role is given to the study of scientific and applied research of medical scientists creating new methods of treatment and rehabilitation. The main areas of the health care system are characterized, the role of health chiefs, individual representatives of Perm medicine, which played an important role in achieving high results not only in the treatment and rehabilitation of wounded soldiers, but also in providing medical care to the civilian population is revealed. The level of effectiveness of complex measures in the main areas of medicine in the region is assessed. Promising areas of historical research on this topic are planned. It is mentioned that there is the need to involve not only archive staff, professional historians, but also the use of opportunities and achievements of the local history movement, school museums, memories of contemporaries, family documents and photographs, relics of the war years, resources of patriotic and youth organizations.
State Archive of Molotov Region and Preservation of the Evacuated Documents during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Aleksandr Glushkov
Published: December 2020

Evacuation of plants and population to the territory of Molotov region during the Great Patriotic War is one of the well-researched episodes. Removing from the frontline people, especially children, as well as the equipment of factories which played an important role in the USSR defense industry was the primary task for the authorities. The evacuation of cultural values from the country's leading museums also played an important role. At the same time, in 1941-1942 Molotov also became one of the centers receiving the document from different archives. Based on the analysis of the archival materials it is revealed some aspects of the war period archivist’s activity connected with the preservation of evacuated documents of the Central Archive of October Revolution and some archives of Leningrad region. The evacuated materials began to arrive in Molotov in August 1941, and already in 1942 this fact negatively influenced the work of the Molotov Region State archive. The archivists of Molotov could provide the best conditions of the evacuated materials storage only to the detriment of the local materials conservation and their own work. For the long period the archive was practically forced to stop the reference and scientific work, as well as the systematization of the archival funds. But the core targets of the archive at that period were not reduced by the authority, which led to archivists’ overstrain and discontent of management. At the same time, the key mission – safekeeping of the evacuated documents – was accomplished by the archivists. Re-evacuation of the materials of the Central Archive of October Revolution made in March 1944 allowed Molotov archivists to return to the pre-war working conditions.
Categories of Evacuated Population during the Great Patriotic War in the Record-Keeping Documents of Local Authorities (According to the Materials of Molotov Region)
Authors: Yulia Kashaeva
Published: December 2020

A significant phenomenon in the years of the Great Patriotic War was the evacuation of population, enterprises and institutions to the Eastern regions of the country which changed to a great extent the appearance and gave a new impetus to the economic and socio-cultural development of the rear regions. Molotov region was one of these territories. The Executive Committee of the Molotovsky regional Council of Workers ' Deputies (regional Executive Committee) was responsible for organizing the reception of evacuees, and the city and district Executive committees, village councils, and collective farms were directly responsible for housing the evacuated population. Analysis of the records of local authorities provides an opportunity to study the policy implemented on the ground in relation to the evacuated population. The sources of the study were the documents of local authorities deposited in the funds of the regional Executive Committee, city and district Executive committees of Molotov region, but the funds are presented unevenly. The author comes to the conclusion that in practice of city and district authorities the work with certain categories of the evacuated population occured due to the administrative documents of the Molotov regional Executive Committee, operational tasks for supplying the evacuated population and their employment. It should be noted that the evacuated population as an integral group appeared mainly in summer and autumn 1941, when the main task facing the authorities was the rapid deployment of citizens. A significant ranking during this period was provided by the type of evacuation – organized arrived evacuated population (with enterprises and institutions) and unorganized arrived population (single). Further, in the recordkeeping documentation the ranking of the evacuation population according to definite categories was provided primarily when solving the problems of social supply of citizens and at their statistical accounting. According to the documents a number of groups being under special attention of the local authorities were identified among the evacuated population: children, engineering and technical workers of enterprises arriving for evacuation, evacuated families of red army soldiers, front – line soldiers, families of the red Army command staff, families of responsible party workers. Significant specifics in the mechanisms of work with evac population in certain districts of Molotov region have not been identified.
Main routes of the porous composite materials creation
Authors: Kudryavtsev P.G.
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to an overview of the main ways of creating porous composite materials. Porous materials are solids containing free space in the form of cavities, channels, or pores, which determine the presence of an internal interfacial surface. The analysis of the general methods of obtaining porous materials. A deposition is one of the most common methods for producing porous materials. Thermal decomposition, as a method used to obtain porous oxide materials by thermal decomposition of various compounds. Hydrothermal synthesis is widely used to produce zeolites. Selective dissolution of individual components of a substance using chemical reactions is also one of the effective methods for creating or increasing porosity. The paper discusses the methods of forming highly porous refractory materials. There are two main ways of forming refractory ceramic products. The first way is the direct sintering of dispersions of ceramic fibers. The second method is the use of a binder, which can significantly reduce the temperature of obtaining a porous product. The possibilities of obtaining porous nanocomposites based on aerogels are shown. Composite materials are usually obtained by combining two different materials. In general, the creation of composites is used to take advantage of each type of material and to minimize their disadvantages. Aerogels are fragile substances. But with the introduction of another component into their structure, it is possible to increase the strength of the material. Such materials have the desired optical properties, high surface area, and low density like silica aerogel. A review of methods for obtaining porous materials using the phenomenon of spinodal decomposition has been carried out. Materials whose structure is formed in microphase separation during polymerization or polycondensation have high permeability and a sufficiently large specific surface. A significant advantage of such materials is high porosity, which can reach 80% or more
A comparative study on the effects of ultrasound and some growth factors on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: KOOCHANI Morvarid , MAJD Ahmad , ARBABIAN Sedigheh , GHANATI Faezeh , JAFARI MARANDI Sayeh
Published: December 2020

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a popular vegetable crop of the family Cucurbitaceae, is cultivated in different parts of the world and is of great economic importance. Ultrasound is known as a physical stimulus that can affect living systems. At the right frequency and exposure period, these waves have desired effects. In the present study, 2-week-old plants, were put in an ultrasonic bath with a nominal frequency of 40 kHz, a central frequency of 34/722 kHz and a bandwidth of 320 Hz for 0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Hypocotyl pieces were used as explants and cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0/5 mg/l each of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1-Naphthalene acetic acid, kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine. The use of ultrasonication at a nominal frequency of 40 kHz for 10 minutes showed better results as compared with the samples treated for 0, 5 and 15 minutes, in terms of the shape, maturity of the embryos, and also the germination of artificial seeds and maturing to flowering stage. Since the cucumber of Esfahan is very famous for its aroma and taste and it is somewhat at risk of extinction, we studied the production of artificial seeds of this valuable plant using somatic embryos and apical buds. This research is the first report on investigation of the positive effect of ultrasound on somatic embryogenesis and artificial seed production. our results clearly showed that this method is a practical method to accelerate seed germination and flowering stage.
Testing NDVI, tree cover density and land cover type as fuel indicators in the wildfire spread capacity index (WSCI): case of Montenegro
Authors: HYSA Artan , SPALEVIC Velibor
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an updated version of our previous GIS-based method developed for indexing the forest surfaces by their wildfire ignition probability (WIPI) and wildfire spreading capacity (WSCI). The previous study relied on a multi-criteria approach including a variety of factors of social, hydro-meteorological, and geo-physical character of the context. However, this study is challenging the drawbacks of the previous work, by introducing three new criteria regarding the vegetation properties in the area. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Tree Cover Density (TCD), and land cover type are launched as indicators of fuel properties of the forest being indexed. The materials and software utilized here belongs to different open sources. CORINE Land Cover (CLC), Open Street Map (OSM), TCD via Copernicus high resolution data, and multispectral satellite images via Landsat 8 (Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin- SCP) are utilized as raw materials in a workflow in QGIS software. At this stage, the study area is the territory of Montenegro. Following the inventory stage, the indexing method relies on a normalizing procedure in QGIS and the assignment of weighted impact factor to each criterion via analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The WSCI value is derived as the sum of the products between the normalized class and the respective weighted impact factor of each criterion. Besides the methodological improvements the results of this work deliver tangible outputs in support of forest fire risk reduction in disaster risk management and fire safety agendas.
Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth, nutrient absorption and phytohormones levels in tea under shading condition
Authors: SUN Mufang , YUAN Ding , HU Xianchun , ZHANG Dejian , LI Yeyun
Published: December 2020

High temperature and strong light could induce bitterness and astringency of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in summer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus and shading could change tea growth surroundings and improve its quality. The present study evaluated the inoculated effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus etunicatum, on plant growth, root morphology, leaf nutrient status, phytohormones and the relative expression of root CsCPC, CsTTG1, CsAUX1, CsYUCCA1, CsNCED2, CsGA3OX1, CsDWF4 and CsAOS genes in Camellia sinensis  ‘Xinyang population’ seedlings in sands under shading conditions. After 14 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 18.5% to 48.00%. AMF inoculation and shading heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, total root length and volume, leaf nutrients content (except Fe), respectively. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and shading significantly increased root hair growth respectively, in company with up-regulation gene CsCPC and down-regulation gene CsTTG1. Root auxin level and its transport gene CsAUX1 was both up-regulated by mycorrhizal inoculation and shading. Interestingly, auxin biosynthesis gene CsYUCCA1 has not been affected, which suggested that both mycorrhizal and shading mainly regulate auxin transport but not biosynthesis pathway. The contents of gibberellin (GA) and brassinosteroid (BR) in root were notably increased by mycorrhizal inoculation and shading, accompanied with up-regulation of its biosynthesis genes, CsGA3OX1 and CsDWF4. With regard to the growth inhibiting phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), mycorrhizal inoculation and shading significantly decreased their levels in root, in company with down-regulation of biosynthesis genes, CsNCED2 and CsAOS. These results implied that both AMF inoculation and shading could enhance the tea plant stress resistance and increase nutrient absorption, root biomass and the contents of root phytohormones by up-regulating its transport and biosynthesis pathway.
Chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oils from gamma irradiated celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam S. , DHAWI Faten , ALY Amina A. , EL-ANSARY Abeer E.
Published: December 2020

Celery seed oils can help in detoxification processes of the body as it facilitates the elimination of toxins and other harmful substances out of the body. This study aimed to assess biological activity of essential oils extracted from un-irradiated and irradiated celery seeds by gamma rays. Celery seeds were irradiated with different dose levels of gamma radiation; control, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 kGy. The highest increase of essential oil extracted was registered with a dosage level of 10.0 kGy (2.42%). The GC-MS analysis showed that, there were new compounds detected in the irradiated samples and others compounds were increased or decreased. The FTIR spectra showed alterations in functional groups of essential oils extracted from celery seeds upon gamma-irradiation. Total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity increased proportional to the increase in the irradiation dose level and the maximum increase obtained in the irradiation dose level 10.0 kGy. This may be an evidence on the biological value, there were anticancer activity against 2 cell lines, breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and lung cancer cell line (A549). The best IC50 in A549 was 145 µg/ml in sample with irradiation dose level 5.0 kGy while the best IC50 in MCF-7 was 124 µg/ml in irradiated sample with dose 5.0 kGy. Also, the highest inhibition zone of S. aureus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae were obtained with the oil extracted from seeds irradiated with 5 kGy dose level, where E. coli and C. albicans were more pronounced for the oil gotten from the seeds irradiated with 10.0 kGy. The irradiation process for celery seeds may be promising for biological value of celery oils.
Exogenous glutathione-mediated tolerance to deficit irrigation in salt-affected Capsicum frutescence (L.) plants is connected with higher antioxidant content and ionic homeostasis
Authors: AL-ELWANY Omar A.A.I. , MOHAMED Gamal F. , ABDURRAHMAN Hamdi A. , RADY Mostafa M. , ABDEL LATEF Arafat A.
Published: December 2020

As an important medicinal plant used in traditional and modern medicine, chili peppers are sensitive or moderately sensitive to drought or salt stress, respectively. Therefore, potential changes due to foliar-applied glutathione (GSH; 0, 0.4 and 0.8 mM) response on growth, yield, and physio-biochemical attributes, as well as water use efficiency (WUE) and fruit alkaloid capsaicin of chili pepper plants were investigated when grown under deficit irrigation in salt-affected soil (EC = 6.74 dS m–1). Two deficit irrigation water (DiW) regimes (80% and 60% of soil field capacity; FC) were used versus 100% of FC as a control. Both DiW treatments negatively affected growth and yield parameters, SPAD chlorophyll index, nutrient status, K+/Na+ ratio, and plant anatomical features. In contrast, osmoprotectants, ascorbate, glutathione, capsaicin, and phenolic contents, as well as WUE were increased in association with higher Na+ and Cl– contents. However, exogenously-applied GSH caused significant increases in the above-mentioned parameters along with an additional increase in osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and capsaicin contents, and a decrease in Na+ and Cl– levels compared to corresponding controls. The highest WUE, growth, and fruit yield responses were recorded at 0.8 mM GSH applied to plants under DiW at 80% FC + salinity (6.74 dS m–1). Therefore, this study suggested the use of leafy-applied GSH at 0.8 mM for satisfactory growth and yield with the highest WUE of chili pepper plants grown under salt-affected conditions with deficit irrigation.
Changes of carbon-isotope ratios in soil organic matter relative to parent vegetation and site specificity
Authors: BADEA Silviu L. , IONETE Roxana E. , COSTINEL Diana , NECHITA Constantin , BOTU Mihai , BOTORAN Oana R.
Published: December 2020

Investigating the correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in natural environments using carbon-isotope composition (δ13C) allows distinguishing the nutrient cycling pattern and anthropogenic effects incorporation in plants and soil processes. The mechanisms behind the isotopic composition of soil organic matter (SOM) and parent vegetation in relation to the context of site-specificity was approached in this work. Formation of SOM can be affected by the presence of a high concentration of heavy metals in soils. Still, no systematic studies were performed in most of the industrial sites to support this hypothesis.  In order to explore this incomplete understood influence, investigation of carbon isotope signatures (d13C) variations in soil organic matter were performed in two industrial areas from Romania (Copșa Mică industrial platform and Baia Sprie mining zone). The current study, also, investigated the C:N ratio variation, as well as the influence of N speciation regarding d13C values of SOM. The decrease in C:N ratio indicated an increasing effect of the microbial products on SOM matter at increasing depth, for both regions, while an increase of the denitrification processes with depth was found for both areas. For the most appropriate depth (20-40 cm), the soil from Baia Sprie region was more enriched in 13C comparing with the soil from Copsa Mica region, and this higher isotope fractionation of SOM might be due to a higher carbon content, respectively a higher nitrogen content of Baia Sprie soil. It was concluded that the SOM of the surface soil in the two investigated regions has an 13C isotopic composition similar to the plant remains from which it was formed, offering an integrated value of plant material, time and the local origin and providing useful markers of tree isotopic composition.
Antioxidant responses to drought and salinity in Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
Authors: SZEKELY-VARGA Zsolt , GONZÁLEZ-ORENGA Sara , CANTOR Maria , BOSCAIU Monica , VICENTE Oscar
Published: December 2020

Drought and salinity are amongst the most damaging environmental stressors that can affect a plant's life cycle, from germination to senescence. In the present study were analysed the responses to salinity and drought in greenhouse-controlled conditions of two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia. Three-month-old lavender seedlings were subjected to water deficit and salt stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) during a 30-day period. Complementing a previous analysis focused on stress tolerance mechanisms based on the regulation of ion transport and the synthesis of osmolytes, we have now evaluated the effects of the water deficit and salt treatments on the generation of secondary oxidative stress, by measuring malondialdehyde levels, and the activation of antioxidant systems, both non-enzymatic and enzymatic, determining total phenolic compounds and flavonoids contents and calculating superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase specific activities, respectively, in extracts of control and stressed plants.  The results obtained confirm that both lavender varieties react in the same way to the applied stress treatments, activating the same antioxidant responses. However, some differences were observed when comparing the specific mechanisms triggered by each type of stress. Thus, the oxidative stress induced under drought conditions was counteracted by accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, without apparent involvement of antioxidant enzymes. Salt stress, on the other hand, in addition to an increase in flavonoid levels also induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. These antioxidant responses are likely to contribute to the relatively high tolerance (as compared to most crops) of lavender to drought and salinity.
The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) – a viable solution for bioremediating soils polluted with heavy metals
Authors: SUMALAN Radu L. , MUNTEAN Cornelia , KOSTOV Ana , KRŽANOVIĆ Daniel , JUCSOR Noemi L. , CIULCA Sorin I. , SUMALAN Renata M. , GHEJU Marius , CERNICOVA-BUCA Mariana
Published: December 2020

Heavy metal pollution, manifested by the accumulation, toxicity and persistence in soil, water, air, and living organisms, is a major environmental problem that requires energetic resolution. Mining tailing areas contain metal minerals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in high concentrations that pollute the environment and pose threats to human health. Phytoremediation represents a sustainable, long-term, and relatively inexpensive strategy, thus proving to be convenient for stabilizing and improving the environment in former heavy metal-polluted mining sites. This study presents the bioremediation potential of Silphium perfoliatum L. plants, in the vegetative stages of leaf rosette formation, grown on soil polluted with heavy metals from mining dumps in Moldova-Noua, in the Western part of Romania. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), translocation factor (TF), metal uptake (MU) and removal efficiency (RE) of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb by S. perfoliatum plants were determined in a potted experiment in controlled environmental conditions. The reference quantities of heavy metals have been determined in the studied soil sample. The experiment followed the dynamics of the translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, in the various organs of the silphium plants, during the formation of the leaf rosette (13-18 BBCH). The determination of the amount of heavy metals in soil and plants was achieved by the method of digestion with hydrochloric and nitric acid 3/1 (v/v) quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the substrate has a high heavy metal content being at the alert threshold for Zn (260.01 mg kg-1 in substrate compared with alert threshold 300 mg kg-1) and at intervention thresholds for other metals (Cu -234.66 mg kg-1/200 mg kg-1; 299.08 mg kg-1/300 mg kg-1 and Pb-175.18 mg kg-1/100 mg kg-1). The average concentration of the metals determined in dynamics in the dry biomass of plants varied between roots, petioles, and laminas. The root is the main accumulator for Cu and Cr (Cu – 37.32 mg kg-1 -13 BBCH to 43.89 mg kg-1-15 BBCH and 80.71 mg kg-1 – 18 BBCH; Cr – 57.43 mg kg-1 – 13 BBCH to 93.36 mg kg-1 -18 BBCH), and for Zn and Pb the lamina seems to carry the same function. Preliminary results show that Silphium perfoliatum may be a viable alternative in the bioremediation and treatment of heavy metal-contaminated area.