bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Machine Learning and Infrared Spectra for Rheological Characterization and Application to the Apricot
Authors: Cadet Xavier F. , Lo-Thong Ophélie , Bureau Sylvie , Dehak Reda , Bessafi Miloud
Published: December 2019

Fast advancement of machine learning methods and constant growth of the areas of application open up new horizons for large data management and processing. Among the various types of data available for analysis, the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra are very challenging datasets to consider. In this study, machine learning is used to analyze and predict a rheological parameter: firmness. Various statistics have been gathered including both chemistry (such as ethylene, titrable acidity or sugars) and spectra values to visualize and analyze a dataset of 731 biological samples. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) principal component analyses (PCA) are used to evaluate their ability to discriminate for one parameter: firmness. Partial least squared regression (PLSR) modeling has been carried out to predict the rheological parameter using either sixteen physicochemical parameters or only the infrared spectra. We show that (i) the spectra alone allows good discrimination of the samples based on rheology, (ii) 3D-PCA allows comprehensive and informative visualization of the data, and (iii) that the rheological parameters are predicted accurately using a regression method such as PLSR; instead of using chemical parameters which are laborious to obtain, Mid-FTIR spectra gathering all physicochemical information could be used for efficient prediction of firmness. As a conclusion, rheological and chemical parameters allow good discrimination of the samples according to their firmness. However, using only the IR spectra leads to better results. A good predictive model was built for the prediction of the firmness of the fruit, and we reached a coefficient of determination R2 value of 0.90. This method outperforms a model based on physicochemical descriptors only. Such an approach could be very helpful to technologists and farmers.
Dysregulation of bladder corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the pathogenesis of human interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Jhang Jia-Fong , Birder Lori A. , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Hsu Yung-Hsiang , Ho Han-Chen , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: December 2019

Stress is associated with exacerbated symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). To investigate the mechanism of stress implicated on IC/BPS, we investigated expression of stress-response receptor corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR) in bladder from IC/BPS patients. Twenty-three IC/BPS patients with Hunner’s lesion (HIC), 51 IC/BPS patients without Hunner’s lesion (NHIC), and 24 patients with stress urinary incontinence as controls were enrolled. Cystoscopic biopsies of bladder wall including mucosa and submucosa were obtained from all patients. Western blotting was used to investigate the bladder expression of the CRHR1 and CRHR2. Immunochemical staining revealed CRHR1 expression was mainly located in the submucosa while CRHR2 expression was mainly in uroepithelial cells. Compared to control subjects, the CRHR1 expression was significantly higher, while CRHR2 expression was significantly lower in IC/BPS patients. Further analysis of patients with HIC, NHIC, and control subjects showed that bladder in patients with HIC had significantly higher expressions of CRHR1 and significantly lower CRHR2. CRHR2 expression was significantly negatively correlated with O’Leary-Sant score and bladder pain. Our results indicate dysregulation of bladder CRHR1 and CRHR2 in patients with IC/BPS, and suggest CRH signaling may be associated with IC/BPS symptoms.
Poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Supported Palladium Catalyst prepared by Galvanic Replacement Reaction for Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Reduction
Authors: M Pandia Rajathi , Berchmans Sheela
Published: December 2019

Herein, we propose a facile electrochemical approach for the synthesis of Pd loaded poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) resulting in high surface area. The catalyst preparation is initiated with EDOT polymerization on GCE surface by electrochemical potential cycling method, followed by the electrodeposition of Cu from a 2 mM solution of CuSO4 in 0.1 M NaClO4 at a constant potential of +0.34 V vs. SHE in the form of Cu nanocubes on the PEDOT surface. Pd-PEDOT catalyst was then prepared by the partial substitution of copper by galvanic displacement with various concentrations of PdCl2. The prepared Pd/PEDOT electrocatalyst is found to be methanol resistant indicating its usefulness as fuel cell cathode. The prepared catalyst supports two electron transfer of oxygen reduction reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4. The effects of Pd and Cu contents and the quantity of PEDOT, mass and specific activities were studied. At a relatively low Pd loading of 0.57 ng/cm2, the Pd/PEDOT should be a cost-effective alternative cathode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells, DMFCs. This work explains the usefulness of PEDOT as good catalyst supporting material which is prepared by an eco-friendly electrochemical route.
Peripapillary Vessel Density in Young Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma: Comparison between High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Park Ji-Hye , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon
Published: December 2019

Although primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) generally occurs in older individuals and manifests in eyes with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), it may also occur in young patients or in eyes with an IOP that always measures within the statistically normal range. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography angiography have enabled noninvasive visualization of the vasculature around the optic disc. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of young Korean patients with OAG and compared the peripapillary vessel density of patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) to those with high-tension glaucoma (HTG). The peripapillary vessel density was reduced in eyes with HTG compared with that in normal subjects (HTG: 23.18 ± 2.06% vs. normal subjects: 24.74 ± 1.88%, P value = 0.013). In contrast, the peripapillary vessel density of eyes with NTG was comparable with that of normal eyes (NTG: 23.98 ± 2.30% vs. normal subjects: 24.74 ± 1.88%, P value = 0.505). These findings suggest that young patients with HTG show greater peripapillary microvascular attenuation than healthy subjects or young patients with NTG, indicating that different levels of the initial untreated IOP may have different effects on the peripapillary vessel density in young patients with OAG.
Colorectal cancers utilize glutamine as an anaplerotic substrate of the TCA cycle in vivo
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Zhao Xuan , Chen Vanessa , Feng Ying , Wang Lan , Croniger Colleen , Conlon Ronald A. , Markowitz Sanford , Fearon Eric , Puchowicz Michelle , Brunengraber Henri , Hao Yujun , Wang Zhenghe
Published: December 2019

Cancer cells in culture rely on glutamine as an anaplerotic substrate to replenish tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates that have been consumed. but it is uncertain whether cancers in vivo depend on glutamine for anaplerosis. Here, following in vivo infusions of [13C5]-glutamine in mice bearing subcutaneous colon cancer xenografts, we showed substantial amounts of infused [13C5]-glutamine enters the TCA cycle in the tumors. Consistent with our prior observation that colorectal cancers (CRCs) with oncogenic mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic (PIK3CA) subunit are more dependent on glutamine than CRCs with wild type PIK3CA, labeling from glutamine to most TCA cycle intermediates was higher in PIK3CA-mutant subcutaneous xenograft tumors than in wild type PIK3CA tumors. Moreover, using orthotopic mouse colon tumors estalished from human CRC cells or patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrated substantial amounts of infused [13C5]-glutamine enters the TCA cycle in the tumors and tumors utilize anaplerotic glutamine to a greater extent than adjacent normal colon tissues. Similar results were seen in spontaneous colon tumors arising in genetically engineered mice. Our studies provide compelling evidence CRCs utilizes glutamine to replenish the TCA cycle in vivo, suggesting that targeting glutamine metabolism could be a therapeutic approach for CRCs, especially for PIK3CA-mutant CRCs.
Effects of compound probiotics on the weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota of forest musk deer
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhao Wei , Yu Dong , Cheng Jian-Guo , Luo Yan , Wang Yin , Yang Ze-Xiao , Yao Xue-Ping , Wu Shao-Shuai , Wang Wu-You , Yang Wei , Li Dan-Qin , Wu Yi-Ming
Published: December 2019

Probiotics are intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. The health problems of forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii), a threatened species currently under conservation, restrict the development of captive musk deer. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effects of forest musk deer compound probiotics (FMDPs) on weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota in FMD by measuring average daily weight gain (ADG) and immune-related factors and by using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota among the control group (4 samples), treatment group A (4 samples) and treatment group B (4 samples). The results showed that the ADG of treatment groups A and B was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.032, p = 0.018). The increase in IgA and IgG levels in treatment group B was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.02, p = 0.011). At the phylum and genus levels, the difference in bacterial community structure was significant between treatment group B and the control group. Both the alpha diversity and beta diversity results showed significant differences in the microbiota of FMD before and after FMDP feeding. In summary, the results indicated that FMDPs could promote the growth of growing FMD, improve immunity and balance the role of intestinal microbes.
Quantitative background parenchymal enhancement to predict recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Moliere Sebastien , Oddou Isabelle , Noblet Vincent , Veillon Francis , Mathelin Carole
Published: December 2019

Breast background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is an increasingly studied MRI parameter that reflects the microvasculature of normal breast tissue, which has been shown to change during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer. We aimed at evaluating the BPE in patients undergoing NAC and its prognostic value to predict recurrence. MRI BPE was visually and quantitatively evaluated before and after NAC in a retrospective cohort of 102 women with unilateral biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer. Pre-therapeutic BPE was not predictive of pathological response or recurrence. Quantitative post-therapeutic BPE was significantly decreased compared to pre-therapeutic value. Post-therapeutic quantitative BPE significantly predicted recurrence (HR = 6.38 (0.71, 12.06), p < 0.05).
Supplementation of live yeast based feed additive in early life promotes rumen microbial colonization and fibrolytic potential in lambs
Authors: Chaucheyras-Durand Frédérique , Ameilbonne Aurélie , Auffret Pauline , Bernard Mickaël , Mialon Marie-Madeleine , Dunière Lysiane , Forano Evelyne
Published: December 2019

Rumen microbiota is of paramount importance for ruminant digestion efficiency as the microbial fermentations supply the host animal with essential sources of energy and nitrogen. Early separation of newborns from the dam and distribution of artificial milk (Artificial Milking System or AMS) could impair rumen microbial colonization, which would not only affect rumen function but also have possible negative effects on hindgut homeostasis, and impact animal health and performance. In this study, we monitored microbial communities in the rumen and the feces of 16 lambs separated from their dams from 12 h of age and artificially fed with milk replacer and starter feed from d8, in absence or presence of a combination of the live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and selected yeast metabolites. Microbial groups and targeted bacterial species were quantified by qPCR and microbial diversity and composition were assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing in samples collected from birth to 2 months of age. The fibrolytic potential of the rumen microbiota was analyzed with a DNA microarray targeting genes coding for 8 glycoside hydrolase (GH) families. In Control lambs, poor establishment of fibrolytic communities was observed. Microbial composition shifted as the lambs aged. The live yeast supplement induced significant changes in relative abundances of a few bacterial OTUs across time in the rumen samples, among which some involved in crucial rumen function, and favored establishment of Trichostomatia and Neocallimastigaceae eukaryotic families. The supplemented lambs also harbored greater abundances in Fibrobacter succinogenes after weaning. Microarray data indicated that key cellulase and hemicellulase encoding-genes were present from early age in the rumen and that in the Supplemented lambs, a greater proportion of hemicellulase genes was present. Moreover, a higher proportion of GH genes from ciliate protozoa and fungi was found in the rumen of those animals. This yeast combination improved microbial colonization in the maturing rumen, with a potentially more specialized ecosystem towards efficient fiber degradation, which suggests a possible positive impact on lamb gut development and digestive efficiency.
Effects of a comprehensive intervention on hypertension control in Chinese employees working in universities based on mixed models
Authors: Li Yang , Xiaoqing Jin , Xinhua Tang , Xiaoling Shou , Xiaoling Xu , Wei Yu , Zengwu Wang , Xin Wang , Pinpin Zheng , Jing Yan
Published: December 2019

We conducted a comprehensive intensive intervention for hypertension patients working in universities or colleges. From July 2015 to March in 2016, 220 hypertension subjects were recruited, with 165 cases in intensive intervention group and 55 in standard intervention group. After 24 months of intervention, 208 ones including of 157 in intensive intervention group and 51 in standard intervention group were included in the final analysis. The patients in standard intervention group were given routine intervention, which mainly including of drug treatment and health education. The patients in intervention group were given comprehensive intensive intervention in addition to routine intervention, including follow-up management of hypertension, emotional, lifestyle intervention and else. The study and experimental protocols were approved by institutional review board of Zhejiang Hospital and Fu Wai Hospital and registered (ChiCTR-ECS-14004641, date of registration: May 8, 2014). After 2 years, compared with the standard intervention group, SBP/DBP in the intensive intervention group decreased by 3.7/4 mmHg and BP control rate increased by 8.9%, and the unhealthy behaviors and life quality including tension and pressure were also improved in the intensive intervention group. We used mixed effect model to analyze the intervention effect which could solve the problems of missing values and correlation. The intensive intervention of hypertension control including follow-up management, emotional and lifestyle intervention in occupational places could promote the development of the prevention, treatment and control of hypertension among staff in colleges and universities.
A bioorthogonally activatable photosensitiser for site-specific photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhou Yimin , Wong Roy C. H. , Dai Gaole , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: December 2019

Inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction of a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-substituted boron dipyrromethene with a biotin-conjugated trans-cyclooctene results in site-specific activation of the photoactivity of the former photosensitiser.
A highly efficient electrocatalyst based on double perovskite cobaltites with immense intrinsic catalytic activity for water oxidation
Authors: Andersen Håkon , Xu Kaiqi , Malyshkin Dmitry , Strandbakke Ragnar , Chatzitakis Athanasios
Published: December 2019

OER electrocatalysts based on double perovskite cobaltites (Ln = Gd or Pr) with intrinsic catalytic activities exceeding that of IrO2.
A microwave-assisted template-free route for large-scale synthesis of photoluminescent single crystal CsPbI3 nanotubes
Authors: Xiong Weiwei , Zhang Ziyi , Huang Yutao , Xu Chenxin , Wu Jiajing , Li Lingling , Zheng Fenfen , Wu Xingcai
Published: December 2019

High-quality single crystalline CsPbI3 nanotubes featuring highly uniform sizes and stable and bright photoluminescence were synthesized through a microwave-assisted synthetic approach.
The growth and characterization of six inch lithium niobate crystals with high homogeneity
Authors: Wang Shuai , Ji Cheng , Dai Peng , Shen Liming , Bao Ningzhong
Published: December 2019

On a self-designed automatic diameter control system, large diameter (6 inch) LiNbO3 crystals without cracks are successfully grown by choosing a suitable temperature gradient, starting composition, and growth parameters with the Czochralski method.
How many solvent molecules are required to solvate chiral 1,2-diols with hydrogen bonding solvents? A VCD spectroscopic study
Authors: Weirich Luisa , Magalhães de Oliveira Juliana , Merten Christian
Published: December 2019

A VCD spectroscopic analysis of selected model systems for solute–solvent interactions of chiral diols with hydrogen bonding solvents DMSO and ACN.
Newly-designed basket-shaped nanocarbon materials as strong and universal fullerene receptors
Authors: Wang Wei-Wei , Shang Fu-Lin , Zhao Xiang
Published: December 2019

DFT calculations were performed to study the host–guest chemistry of a new class of basket-shaped fullerene receptors with strong binding energies and flexible carbon skeletons.
Ultra-thick electrodes based on activated wood-carbon towards high-performance quasi-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Wenjia , Liu Ting , Mou Jirong , Huang Jianlin , Liu Meilin
Published: December 2019

Ultrathick electrodes with low-tortuosity pathways based on activated wood-carbon are prepared through surface engineering, which exhibit outstanding supercapacitor performance at the device level.
Effects of alumina morphology on dry reforming of methane over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Shen Dongyang , Huo Miaomiao , Li Lin , Lyu Shuai , Wang Juhan , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin
Published: December 2019

Ni-based catalysts supported on alumina with different morphologies exhibited different properties for the dry reforming of methane due to their specific lattice planes, 3D structures, and surface functional properties.
Organometallic nucleoside analogues: effect of the metallocene metal atom on cancer cell line toxicity
Authors: Ismail Media K. , Armstrong Katie A. , Hodder Samantha L. , Horswell Sarah L. , Male Louise , Nguyen Huy V. , Wilkinson Edward A. , Hodges Nikolas J. , Tucker James H. R.
Published: December 2019

Changing the metal atom within a metallocene nucleoside analogue from iron to ruthenium results in a five-fold reduction in biological activity in a pancreatic cancer cell line.
Single-layer boron-doped graphene quantum dots for contrast-enhanced in vivo T1-weighted MRI
Authors: Wang Hui , Revia Richard , Mu Qingxin , Lin Guanyou , Yen Charles , Zhang Miqin
Published: December 2019

A metal-free, single-layer, boron-doped graphene quantum dot was developed that exhibits significantly higher positive contrast enhancement than a clinically used contrast agent and a non-toxic profile in mice.
Photodeposition of Pd onto TiO2 nanowires for aqueous-phase selective hydrogenation of phenolics to cyclohexanones
Authors: Tian Chenchen , Fang Huihuang , Chen Hanming , Chen Weikun , Zhou Song , Duan Xinping , Liu Xi , Yuan Youzhu
Published: December 2019

The photodeposition of Pd onto TiO2 nanowires can catalyze phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone with a nearly full conversion and high selectivity (>99%) at 50 °C under 5 bar H2 pressure in water.
Stereoselective Michael additions on α-aminoacrylates as the key step to anl-Oic analogue bearing a quaternary stereocenter
Authors: Cecchinelli Federico Maria , Celentano Giuseppe , Puglisi Alessandra , Gaggero Nicoletta
Published: December 2019

A highly stereoselective synthesis of anl-Oic-analogue bearing a tetrasubstituted sterocenter is reported.
Topological solitons, cholesteric fingers and singular defect lines in Janus liquid crystal shells
Authors: Durey Guillaume , Sohn Hayley R. O. , Ackerman Paul J. , Brasselet Etienne , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Lopez-Leon Teresa
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate the formation of topological solitons, cholesteric fingers and singular defect lines in liquid crystal shells with a Janus nature, featuring both twisted and untwisted domains, and study dynamical transitions between these structures.
Aqueous electrocatalytic N2 reduction for ambient NH3 synthesis: recent advances in catalyst development and performance improvement
Authors: Zhu Xiaojuan , Mou Shiyong , Peng Qiling , Liu Qian , Luo Yonglan , Chen Guang , Gao Shuyan , Sun Xuping
Published: December 2019

In this review, we summarize recent advances in the design and development of electrocatalysts for the N2 reduction reaction. We also discuss the strategies to boost catalytic performances, the methods for reliable NRR experiments, and perspectives for further research directions.
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for RONS sensing
Authors: Dai Jun , Duan Chong , Huang Yu , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan , Wang Shixuan
Published: December 2019

The development of AIE bioprobes for RONS sensing in living systems is now summarized. We discuss some representative examples of AIEgen based bioprobes in terms of their molecular design, sensing mechanism and sensitive sensing in vitro and in vivo.
D–A–D-type bipolar host materials with room temperature phosphorescence for high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Fei , Sun Jing , Liu Mingli , Shi Huifang , Ma Huili , Ye Wenpeng , Wang Hua , Zhang Hongmei , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: December 2019

Bipolar host materials with D–A architectures play an important role in the high efficient PhOLEDs owing to the excellent carrier transport capability, which could be optimized by tight and regular molecular arrangement.
High-transmittance and focal controllable plano-convex lenses with embedded nanolens bottoms formed by electrowetting on a colloidal monolayer
Authors: Li Xiangmeng , Shao Jinyou , Tian Hongmiao , Li Xiangming , Chen Xiaoliang , Zhu Xijing
Published: December 2019

UV-curable polymer lenses with a nanolens array decorated on the bottom surfaceviairreversible electrowetting on a hydrophobic colloidal monolayer.
Biophysical characterization of p53 core domain aggregates
Authors: Lima Igor , Navalkar Ambuja , Maji Samir K. , Silva Jerson L. , de Oliveira Guilherme A.P. , Cino Elio A.
Published: December 2019

Aggregation is the cause of numerous protein conformation diseases. A common facet of these maladies is the transition of a protein from its functional native state into higher order forms, such as oligomers and amyloid fibrils. p53 is an essential tumor suppressor that is prone to such conformational transitions, resulting in its compromised ability to avert cancer. This work explores the biophysical properties of early-, mid-, and late-stage p53 core domain (p53C) aggregates. Atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that early- and mid-stage p53C aggregates have a polymorphic topology of antiparallel and parallel β-sheets that localize to the core amyloidogenic sequence. Both topologies involve similar extents of interstrand mainchain hydrogen bonding, while sidechain interactions could play a role in regulating strand orientation. The free energy difference between the antiparallel and parallel states was within statistical uncertainty. Negative stain electron microscopy of mature fibrils shows a wide distribution of fiber widths, indicating that polymorphism may extend to the quaternary structure level. Circular dichroism of the fibrils was indicative of β-sheet rich structures in atypical conformations. The Raman spectrum of aggregated p53C was consistent with a mixture of arranged β-sheets and heterogeneous structural elements, which is compatible with the MD findings of an ordered β-sheet nucleus flanked by disordered structure. Structural polymorphism is a common property of amyloids; however, because certain polymorphs of the same protein can be more harmful than others, going forward it will be pertinent to establish correlations between p53C aggregate structure and pathology.
Predictive factors for the outcomes of Graves’ disease patients with radioactive iodine (131I) treatment
Authors: Xing Yu-Zhuo , Zhang Kun , Jin Gang
Published: December 2019

Although radioactive iodine (131I) treatment (RIT) is recommended as the preferred option for patients with Graves’ disease (GD), the predictive factors for its clinical outcomes are still unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the factors influencing the success rate of RIT treatment on primary GD with a calculated dose approach. The thyroid function (hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism or hypothyroidism) was evaluated at least 1 year after RIT, and its relationship with presenting clinical characteristics and pre-RIT parameters was analyzed in 45 patients retrospectively. After RIT, the remission rate was 62.2%, including 13 euthyroidism cases (28.9%) and 15 hypothyroidism cases (33.3%). We found no significant association between the types of thyroid function and age, gender, the 3-h radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) prior to RIT, or radioactive iodine (131I) dosage. However, a variable 24-h RAIU > 46.31% was found associated with the success rate of RIT. The present study implied that a calculated dose approach for GD is effective, but high failure rates are expected in patients presenting poor 24-h RAIU, particularly those with 24-h RAIU below 46.31%.
Attention, Speech-Language Dissociations, and Stuttering Chronicity
Authors: Singer Cara M. , Walden Tedra A. , Jones Robin M.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the singular and joint contributions of speech-language dissociations and attention (i.e., distractibility and attention span) to stuttering chronicity.

Method

Participants, aged 3;0–4;11 (years;months) at an initial visit, were classified as persisting (n= 10; 9 boys), recovered (n= 32; 23 boys), and nonstuttering (n= 28; 19 boys) based on multiple speech and language evaluations spread across 2 years. The evaluations included assessments of articulation, receptive and expressive vocabulary, and omnibus receptive and expressive language. These measures were used to identify speech-language dissociations using a correlation-based statistical approach. Attentional characteristics, which included measures of distractibility and attention span, were based on parent report. Analyses investigated between-group differences related to dissociations and attentional characteristics as well as the relation between these indices.

Results

There were no significant between-group differences for the persisting and recovered groups on measures of speech-language dissociations; however, the recovered group was found to exhibit less optimal attention span than the persisting group. In addition, children with dissociations exhibited less optimal distractibility and attention spans at the final time point than children without dissociations.

Conclusions

Present results indicate that attention is related to both stuttering chronicity and the presence of speech-language dissociations; however, they do not support the notion that dissociations are associated with stuttering persistence. These results provide novel insights into the complex nature of the association between developmental stuttering, speech-language dissociations, and attention.
Early Speech and Language Development in Children With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lancaster Hope Sparks , Lien Kari M. , Chow Jason C. , Frey Jennifer R. , Scherer Nancy J. , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: December 2019

Objective

The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of research examining the early speech and language functioning of young children, birth to age 8;11 (years;months), with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) compared to their peers without NSCL/P.

Method

We conducted a random-effects metaregression using 241 effect sizes from 31 studies comparing 955 young children with NSCL/P to 938 typically developing peers on measures of speech and language functioning. Moderators were sample characteristics (i.e., age, cleft type, publication year, and study location) and measurement characteristics (i.e., speech sample material, language modality and domain, and assessment type).

Results

Young children with NSCL/P scored significantly lower on measures of speech and language compared to children without NSCL/P. Children with NSCL/P had smaller consonant inventories (standardized mean difference effect size [ESg] = −1.24), less accurate articulation (ESg= −1.13), and more speech errors (ESg= 0.93) than their peers. Additionally, children with NSCL/P had poorer expressive (ESg= −0.57) and receptive (ESg= −0.59) language skills than their peers. Age and assessment type moderated effect sizes for expressive language. As children with NSCL/P aged, their expressive language performance became more similar to their peers. Expressive language effect sizes from parent reports and observational language measures (estimated effect size = −0.74) were significantly lower than those from standardized norm-referenced tests (estimated effect size = −0.45).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that young children with NSCL/P experience delays relative to their peers across multiple speech and language constructs. Differences between children with NSCL/P and their typically developing peers appear to decrease with age.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11356904
Hot WHIM counterparts of FUV O VI absorbers: Evidence in the line-of-sight towards quasar 3C 273
Authors: Ahoranta Jussi , Nevalainen Jukka , Wijers Nastasha , Finoguenov Alexis , Bonamente Massimiliano , Tempel Elmo , Tilton Evan , Schaye Joop , Kaastra Jelle , Gozaliasl Ghassem
Published: December 2019

Aims. We explore the high spectral resolution X-ray data towards the quasar 3C 273 to search for signals of hot (∼106−7 K) X-ray-absorbing gas co-located with two established intergalactic far-ultraviolet (FUV) O VI absorbers.

Methods. We analyze the soft X-ray band grating data of all XMM-Newton and Chandra instruments to search for the hot phase absorption lines at the FUV predicted redshifts. The viability of potential line detections is examined by adopting the constraints of a physically justified absorption model. The WHIM hypothesis is investigated with a complementary 3D galaxy distribution analysis and by detailed comparison of the measurement results to the WHIM properties in the EAGLE cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation.

Results. At one of the examined FUV redshifts, z = 0.09017 ± 0.00003, we measured signals of two hot ion species, O VIII and Ne IX, with a 3.9σ combined significance level. While the absorption signal is only marginally detected in individual co-added spectra, considering the line features in all instruments collectively and assuming collisional equilibrium for absorbing gas, we were able to constrain the temperature (kT = 0.26 ± 0.03 keV) and the column density (NH × Z⊙/Z = 1.3−0.5+0.6 × 1019 cm−2) of the absorber. Thermal analysis indicates that FUV and X-ray absorption relate to different phases, with estimated temperatures, TFUV ≈ 3 × 105, and, TX − ray ≈ 3 × 106 K. These temperatures match the EAGLE predictions for WHIM at the FUV/X-ray measured Nion-ranges. We detected a large scale galactic filament crossing the sight-line at the redshift of the absorption, linking the absorption to this structure.

Conclusions. This study provides observational insights into co-existing warm and hot gas within a WHIM filament and estimates the ratio of the hot and warm phases. Because the hot phase is thermally distinct from the O VI gas, the estimated baryon content of the absorber is increased, conveying the promise of X-ray follow-up studies of FUV detected WHIM in refining the picture of the missing baryons.
Observations of solar chromospheric oscillations at 3 mm with ALMA
Authors: Patsourakos S. , Alissandrakis C. E. , Nindos A. , Bastian T. S.
Published: December 2019

Aims. We aim to study spatially resolved chromospheric oscillations of the quiet Sun (QS) in the mm-domain at a resolution of a few arcsec, typically 2.4″ × 4.5″.

Methods. We used Atacama Large millimeter and submillimeter Array (ALMA) time series of interferometric observations of the QS obtained at 3 mm with a 2-s cadence and a spatial resolution of a few arcsec. The observations were performed on March 16, 2017 and seven 80″ × 80″ fields of view (FoV) going from disk center to limb were covered, each one observed for 10 min, therefore limiting the frequency resolution of the power spectra to 1.7 mHz. For each FoV, masks for cell and network were derived, and the averaged power spectral densities (PSDs) for the entire FoV, cell, and network were computed. The resulting power spectra were fit with an analytical function in order to derive the frequency and the root-mean-square (rms) power associated with the peaks. The same analysis, over the same FoVs and for the same intervals, was performed for simultaneous Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) image sequences in 1600 Å.

Results. Spatially resolved chromospheric oscillations at 3 mm, with frequencies of 4.2 ± 1.7 mHz are observed in the QS, in both cell and network. The coherence length-scale of the oscillations is commensurate with the spatial resolution of our ALMA observations. Brightness-temperature fluctuations in individual pixels could reach up to a few hundred K, while the spatially averaged PSDs yield rms in the range ≈55–75 K, i.e., up to ≈1% of the averaged brightness temperatures and exhibit a moderate increase towards the limb. For AIA 1600 Å, the oscillation frequency is 3.7 ± 1.7 mHz. The relative rms is up to 6% of the background intensity, with a weak increase towards the disk center (cell, average). ALMA 3 mm time-series lag AIA 1600 Å by ≈100 s, which corresponds to a formation-height difference of ≈1200 km, representing a novel determination of this important parameter.

Conclusions. The ALMA oscillations that we detected exhibit higher amplitudes than those derived from previous lower (≈10″) resolution observations at 3.5 mm by the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array. Chromospheric oscillations are, therefore, not fully resolved at the length-scale of the chromospheric network, and possibly not even at the spatial resolution of our ALMA observations. Any study of transient brightenings in the mm-domain should take into account the oscillations.
Identification of the liquid mass fraction content in the wet steam
Authors: Majkut Mirosław , Dykas Slawomłr , Smołka Krystian , Strozik Michał
Published: December 2019

The experimental research, initiated at the Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery of the Silesian University of Technology at the end of the last century, created an opportunity to supplement knowledge about the phenomenon of steam flow with condensation, tested by numerical fluid mechanics by IMiUE employees. In parallel with the numerical work, significant progress has been made in experimental studies on thflow of wet steam. Recently, measuring techniques based on recording the phenomenon of extinction of light have been elaborated or improved. The basic value determined in the final stage in the experimental way was the contentof the liquid phase defined as the wetness fraction. The methodology of tests and experimental investigations was presented, as well as the applied and developed measurement systems. Next, some developed designs of X probe and their modifications are described. Article present also some examples of applications of the developed measurement techniques in application to experimental research conducted on wet steam in the IMiUE. Examples of comparison between experimental and numerical tests are also provided.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the biomass innovativ solar pyrolysis process
Authors: Werle Sebastian , Sobek Szymon , Kaczor Zuzanna , Ziółkowski Łukasz , Buliński Zbigniew , Dudziak Mariusz
Published: December 2019

Paper present the experimental and numerical analysis of biomass photopyrolysis process. The experimental tests is performed on the solar pyrolysis installation, designed in Institute of Thermal Technology, Gliwice. It consist of the copper reactor powered by artificial light simulating sun. The paper shows the result of the solar pyrolysis of wood. The yield of the main fraction as a function of the process temperature is presented. Additionally the gas composition is determined. The numerical model is prepared in the Ansys Fluent 18.2 software, which allow at the same time for capturing geometry of the real system and easy change of input data. The results indicate that both the product yields (liquid, solid and gaseous) and gas components shares are strongly influenced by pyrolysis parameters and feedstock composition.
Improvements perspectives of cryogenics-based energy storage
Authors: Incer Jimena , Hamdy Sarah , Morosuk Tatiana , Tsatsaronis Georges
Published: December 2019

Advanced exergy-based analyses provide the information for potential of improvement of energy- conversion systems from exergetic, economic and environmental point of view. These analyses are applied to Cryogenic-based Energy Storage (CES) also known as Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES). Advantages such as (a) lack of geographical restrictions, (b) low environmental impact and the fact that it is (c) based on mature technology, drive further the research on this energy storage system. An adiabatic LAES system charged with Heylandt liquefaction of air process is analysed. Parameters such as exergy destruction, investment cost, cost associated with the exergy destruction, as well as the environmental impact associated with the thermodynamic irreversibilities are split into avoidable/unavoidable and endogenous/exogenous parts. Aspen Plus® software was used to simulate the LAES system and Engineering Equation Solver was used to conduct the conventional and advanced exergy-based analyses. The dependence of the improvement of each component with the rest of the system was found and all components present higher exogenous exergy destruction than endogenous. The component with the highest potential for improvement is the main heat exchanger in the discharge unit. Focusing on improvement of the components that were found to be the most inefficient ones with the highest exergy destruction, CES is expected to become thermodynamically and economically feasible.
Formation of ammonia bisulfate in coal-fired power plant equipped with SCR reactors and the effect of reduced load operation
Authors: Żyrkowski Maciej , Motak Monika
Published: December 2019

Coal fired power plant are still responsible for vast amount of electricity and heat production in Poland in 2019. Increasing number of units is equipped with SCR reactors in order to mitigate NOx emission. Older units have been designed to work in a base load operation· however increasing number of intermittent energy sources on the market· forces power plant owners to operate such units in reduced load for significant number of hours in a year. Most of parameters in coal-fired boiler would change in reduced load operation· particularly flue gas parameters. That would affect the formation of ammonia bisulfate (NH4HSO4) as well as operation of SCR reactors in the boiler. The NH4HSO4 formation is highly undesired as it can plug the catalyst or heating surfaces in the boiler. To investigate this phenomenon· the NH4HSO4 formation was comprehensively studied. Moreover· reduced load operation of boiler in a medium size CHP plant was simulated· using computer modelling tools. Obtained parameters were used to analyse· how different flue gas parameters affect NH4HSO4 formation and what consequences does it have for boiler operation. In particular, effect related with operation of SCR reactors equipped with V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst was deeply studied.
Thorium application in the medium-sized sodium-cooled fast reactor
Authors: Raaj Saasthaa Arumuga Kumar Eeshu , Darnowski Piotr , Kiritbhai Pancholi Mihir , Dzido Aleksandra
Published: December 2019

The report presents an analysis of the medium-sized Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) core with Thorium-based Mixed-Oxide fuel. The introduction of Transuranics (TRU) to the fuel was to allow long-lived nuclear waste incineration. The studied core is based on the modified Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) 1000MWth core design, which was analysed in the OECD/NEA “Benchmark for Neutronic Analysis of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Cores with Various Fuel Types and Core Sizes”. The full-core simulations with SERPENT 2.1.31 Monte Carlo computer code and ENDF library were performed, including static criticality and fuel burnup calculations for five fuel cycles. The core inventories at the Beginning of Cycle (BOC) and End of Cycle (EOC) were studied, and the impact of thorium fuel was assessed. The proposed core design is a burner reactor which uses thorium fuel. The excess core reactivity stays positive for long time despite large net consumption of transuranic elements as new fissile Uranium 233 is constantly breed from Thorium 232. Breeding of uranium allows longer fuel cycles.
Transient behavior of a plate-fin-and-tube heat exchanger taking into account different heat transfer coefficients on the individual tube rows
Authors: Taler Dawid , Taler Jan , Wrona Katarzyna
Published: December 2019

Plate-fin and tube heat exchangers (PFTHE) are made of round, elliptical, oval or flat tubes to which continuous fins ( lamellas) are attached. Liquid flows inside the tubes and gas flows outside the tubes perpendicularly to their axes and parallel to the surface of continuous fins. Experimental studies of multi-row plate-fin and tube heat exchangers show that the highest average heat transfer coefficient on the air side occurs in the first row of tubes when the air velocity in front of the exchanger is less than approximately 3.5 m/s when a Reynolds number based on an equivalent hydraulic diameter equal to the distance between tube rows in the direction of air flow is less than 10,000. In the subsequent rows of tubes up to about the fourth row the heat transfer coefficient decreases. In the fifth and further rows, it can, that the heat transfer coefficient is equal in each tube row. It is necessary to find the relationships for the air-side Nusselt number on each tube row to design a PFTHE with the appropriate number of tube rows. The air-side Nusselt number correlations can be determined experimentally or by CFD modeling (Computational and Fluid Dynamics). The paper presents a new mathematical model of the transient operation of PFTHE, considering that the Nusselt numbers on the air side of individual tube rows are different. The heat transfer coefficient on an analyzed tube row was determined from the equality condition of mass- average air temperature differences on a given tube row determined using the analytical formula and CFD modeling. The results of numerical modeling were compared with the results of the experiments.
Critical review and economic feasibility analysis of electric energy storage technologies suited for grid scale applications
Authors: Frate Guido Francesco , Ferrari Lorenzo , Desideri Umberto
Published: December 2019

Radical changes in production paradigms are affecting electric systems. This is due to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) introduction, which changed production from being centralized and dispatchable, to be more decentralized and unpredictable. Further transformations are expected as the RES share into electric grids will increase. RES further development will likely rely mostly on additional solar PV capacity, then relevant energy quantities will be needed to be shifted from day hours to evening and night hours. Such “Load Shifting” could be performed with Electric Energy Storage (EES) technologies. Few technologies suited for this are already commercially available, whereas others have been proposed. In this paper, the EES technologies suited for load shifting are reviewed with a focus on economic costs. After that, current and future EES economic feasibility are assessed by using Italian hourly energy prices from 2018. Since EES resulted to be currently uneconomic, the minimum price modification required to make EES feasible is calculated.
Development and implementation of mathematical models of working mediums for gas part of combined cycle gas turbine system in Python programming environment
Authors: Trawiński Paweł
Published: December 2019

The working mediums in the gas turbine systems are: atmospheric air, natural gas and exhaust gases. For the detailed analysis of thermodynamic performance and values at characteristic points of the cycle it is necessary to know the relations defining: specific volume, specific isobaric and isochoric heat capacity, isentropic exponent, specific enthalpy and specific entropy. Mathematical models of thermodynamic parameters for the mentioned mediums were developed based on dependencies for mixtures of ideal and semi-ideal gases. The functions obtained for semi-ideal gas mixtures were extended by pressure correction factors derived from the Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson equations of state. The thermodynamic parameters of the working mediums were dependent on the mass fractions of the components, temperature and pressure. Developed models approximated the behaviour and parameters of real gas mixtures. All calculation algorithms were implemented and optimized using appropriate numerical methods in the Python programming environment. As a result, mathematical models of working mediums for the gas part of the combined cycle gas turbine system were obtained.
Analysis of offshore wind farm located on Baltic Sea
Authors: Sobotka Anna , Chmielewski Kajetan , Rowicki Marcin , Dudzińska Justyna , Janiak Przemysław , Badyda Krzysztof
Published: December 2019

Poland is currently at the beginning of the energy transformation. Nowadays, most of the electricity generated in Poland comes from coal combustion. However, in accordance to the European Union policy of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, there are already plans to switch to low-emission energy sources in Poland, one of which are offshore wind farms. The article presents the current regulatory environment of the offshore wind energy in Poland, along with a reference to Polish and European decarbonisation plans. In the further part of the article, the methods of determining the kinetic energy of wind and the power curve of a wind turbine are discussed. Then, on the basis of historical data of wind speeds collected in the area of the Baltic Sea, calculations are carried out leading to obtain statistical distributions of power that could be generated by an exemplary wind farm with a power capacity of 400 MW, located at the place of wind measurements. On their basis, statistical differences in the wind power generation between years, months of the year and hours of the day are analysed.