bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summarization of the literature published on biliary atresia: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Alferaidi Arwa D.
Published: March 2023

The leading cause of pediatric liver failure and liver transplantation is biliary atresia. Early diagnosis of BA is challenging, and delayed diagnosis caused many complications. Most BA patients eventually went through liver transplantation even if received the initial treatment of the disease. The incidence of BA is rare hence limited literature has been published about diagnosis, treatment, risk factors and survival rate among BA patients. Therefore, this literature review aimed to provide an opportunity for physicians and researchers to know about different diagnostic and treatment tools as well as about the risk factors causing variation in the survival rate after liver transplantation. Therefore, knowledge about the advanced methods of diagnosis provides an early and accurate diagnosis and providing treatment with fewer risk factors help to increase favorable outcome and increase the survival rate among BA patients.
Sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Almansoor Basel Abdulrahman , Almaiman Waleed Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The sudden death of infants younger than one year is known as SIDS. It is a major cause of mortality among infants less than one year of age. There is little focus in the literature on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Thus, this review aims to provide new insights on the incidence, risk factors and prevention of SIDS in infants. Following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review explored eligible articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and research gate databases. Several keywords were used for the search to obtain all possible related articles. The inclusion criteria were reviews and original articles focused on the current subject and written in English. The eligible articles used to compile this review were published between 2007 and 2021. Three main titles were discussed in this review: incidence, risk factors, and prevention. SIDS is the most common reason for death among infants aged less than one year. There is great variation in the global incidence of SIDS. Factors related to the sleeping environment are the major risk factors for SIDS and should be the focus. Hence, following the recommendations of the American academy of pediatrics can reduce incidence of SIDS.
Reported high in hospital mortality among adult tuberculosis patients admitted to university of Gondar hospital, North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Abegaz Sead Hassen , Yimer Tesfay Yesuf , Ayalew Desalew Getahun , Kassa Getahun Molla , Yferu Zena Ademasu , Legese Gebrehiwot Lema , Abebe Melaku Tadesse
Published: March 2023

Background: Due to a single infectious pathogen, tuberculosis (TB) is the world's second-greatest cause of mortality. The majority of TB deaths happen during the intensive phase of treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult TB patients.
Method: A 4 year retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 200 admitted adult TB patients at the university of Gondar hospital from September 1, 2017 to September 30, 202l. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute survival rates. Cox regression models were used to determine the predictors of mortality.
Results: This study enrolled 200 adult TB patients. Among these 60 (30%) died, 140 (70%) censored with overall incidence of death rate of 165 (95 percent CI: 128, 213)/10,000 days of observation. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with a low WBC count at baseline (AHR=3.16, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.41) and bedridden patients (AHR=3.49, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.66) independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among adult TB patients.
Conclusions: This retrospective study found that hospital mortality among adult TB patients is high in public hospitals in northwest Ethiopia. Patients with a low WBC count and who were bedridden at the time of presentation were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Phytochemical investigation and exploration of the central nervous system depressant activity of ethanolic extract of the flowers of Jasminum grandiflorum L. as folklore medicine in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Khan Irshad , Malpani Arati , Ali Nisar
Published: March 2023

Background: In Indian traditional medicine, the flowers of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Oleaceae) are claimed to possess powerful central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity. Despite these traditional claims, no in-depth scientific study has been performed on the CNS depressant activity of the flowers of J. grandiflorum. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the CNS depressant activity of an ethanolic extract of the flowers of J. grandiflorum in Swiss albino mice.

Methods: Acute oral toxicity tests were done at doses of 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg. The extract was also subjected to phytochemical tests and TLC tests. The CNS depressant activity of the EEJG was evaluated by various models, such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, locomotor activity test, and muscle co-ordination test, at two different doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) in Swiss albino mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug.

Results: In acute oral toxicity studies, the extract was found to be safe up to a dose level of 5000 mg/kg body weight. EEJG at both doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. In the thiopental-induced sleeping time test, EEJG at 1000 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the onset of action time and also significantly (p<0.01) increase the duration of sleeping time. EEJG at 1000 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in locomotor activity, and the EEJG at both doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed a significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) decreased in muscle co-ordination activity when compared to control group.

Conclusions: The present study confirms the significant CNS depressant activity of the ethanolic extract of the flowers of J. grandiflorum, which may be due to flavonoids and steroids present in the extract as phytoconstituents confirmed by TLC. This study supports the plant's traditional use as a CNS depressant.
Use of campus plastic pet (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in the construction of a mini student relaxation hub at the college of education, Ilorin: A waste-to-wealth reusing approach
Authors: Adebayo BELLO Zakariyau
Published: March 2023

The methodology used in the study is Re-using approach among the three "Rs" of waste management, the study specifically aims to construct a prototype building that will serve as a students' relaxation hub using the campus waste "Polyethylene Terephthalate" (PET) littering around, as well as to evaluate the durability of the relaxation hub constructed with waste plastics for future recommendations on plastic reusing as a means of managing waste globally. Plastics are a rapidly growing segment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Plastics were significant constituents of MSW categories in our environments. The human population is increasing, and the consistent demand for plastic products is responsible for the continuous increase in the production of plastics; hence, the generation of plastic waste is higher. Therefore, plastic waste forms a larger percentage of the sources of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The hazardous chemical constituents of the plastic (PET) and its effects on environmental and public health are a major concern to public health practitioners and environmentalists. Finding shows that improper disposal of waste plastics and open-air burning do lead to the release of very harmful chemicals into the environment, thereby causing public health hazards. It is imperative for every civilized society to find a lasting solution to these problems. It was concluded from this that plastic bottles can be used as building blocks for small-scale economical construction; hence, this practically implies that, the secondary function of waste plastic bottles.
FACTORS AFFECTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SKILLS OF STUDENTS SPECIALIZING ACCOUNTING - AUDITING
Authors: Thi Hong Lam Nguyen , Huyen Trang Do , Thi Thanh Thuy Vu , Trong Tien Ho
Published: March 2023

As we all know, the 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has brought many great applications to all areas of society. Therefore, it can be seen that mastering information technology (IT) skills will help improve work efficiency, reduce costs, increase global cooperation, thereby gaining competitive advantages (Mamahani, 2006). IT skills are not only important for worker, but also for students, this is one of the necessary skills. The objective of this study is to find out the current situation and evaluate the application of IT skills of students majoring in accounting and auditing at the university of economics in Hanoi in order to meet Industry 4.0, through a survey of 200 students and applying the method of calculating the mean value, the researchers has shown the influence of the factors. This is also the basis for the researchers to propose some recommendations to help students majoring in accounting - auditing improve and enhance their IT skills to create a convenient learning environment as well as open up job opportunities in the future.
Counsellors’ perceived health promoting behaviours for enhancing physical well-being of clients
Authors: Helen Efeyadu Uzoekwe , Grace Chinyere Nnadi , Obianuju Blessing Mokwelu , Edna Nkechi Ofojebe, , Taiwo Abiodun Ojo
Published: March 2023

This study adopts a descriptive survey design to seek for information, opinions and attitudes of the respondents and it is carried out in Anambra state of Nigeria. A total number of 143 counsellors who are willing to participate in the study are selected through accidental sampling technique.  The instrument ‘perceived counsellors’ health promoting behaviours for enhancing physical well-being of clients (PCSHPBSFEPWBOCS) developed by the researchers based on the information from the literature reviewed is used for data collections through direct approach distribution.  This instrument is validated by three experts. Test re-test was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and the reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained. The data collected are analyzed through the use of statistical weighted mean and ranking. Any mean score that is below 2.50 is accepted while any one below a mean score of 2.50 is rejected. The study revealed the following health promoting behaviours: engaging in daily exercise, taking healthy diet, minimizing hazards in the home and workplace, practicing effective hygiene, consumption of limited alcohol and tobacco, having adequate sleep and rest, little intake of salt, sugar and processed foods, adequate hydration, sunlight and fresh air having relaxed mind and maintaining a healthy body weight. The researchers recommend that Government should provide funds in support of the counsellors to educating and training people on promoting healthy behaviours that can enhance their physical well-being. Also, counsellors should increase the awareness on the adoption of these health promoting behaviours through the use of media and public announcements.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Konjac for Selective Caffeine Adsorption in Aqueous Solution
Authors: WATTANANON Saranya , NARAKAEW Samroeng , CHAİSENA Aphiruk
Published: March 2023

A number of caffeine extraction methods have been developed, such as microwave assisted extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The disadvantages of these methods are low selectivity, inconvenience, and inefficiency. Among the existing technologies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are one of the most efficient and economical methods for the removal of caffeine contaminants. In this study, the objective was to prepare MIPs for the removal of complicated samples. The obtained materials were used as a sorbent for the extraction of caffeine from coffee brewed in an espresso. The MIPs were prepared using konjac/acrylic acid as a functional monomer, N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker, and caffeine as a template. The chemical structures of MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. MIPs exhibited a higher maximum adsorption capacity (87.72 mg/g). The equilibrium adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm models, which confirm the monolayer adsorption behaviour of caffeine molecules on the surfaces of the MIPs samples. According to the experimental results of the adsorption capacity of caffeine from aqueous solution, the MIPs showed a higher percentage removal of caffeine (75.66%). Our findings suggest that MIPs are useful adsorbents for the decaffeination of coffee brewed in an espresso.
Selection and optimization of a promising structural power scheme for the unmanned aerial vehicle fuselage made of polymer composite materials
Authors: Baranovski S.V. , Khaing Phyo Zaw
Published: March 2023

Fuselage is the main element of unmanned aerial vehicle, which parameters optimization could increase the structure strength and weight characteristics. Both the modern polymer composite materials with high specific characteristics and the advanced power circuits are able to assist in solving this problem. Selection and optimization of the structural power scheme of the unmanned aerial vehicle fuselage appear to be an urgent task. Structure loads under various flight and maneuver modes were analyzed. Eight fuselage structural power schemes were designed including classic, grid, auxetic and biosimilar structures. Operation of the power circuits made of carbon fiber exposed to the obtained loads was considered, and their stress-strain state was determined. Rational scheme was selected according to the minimum mass and maximum strength criteria, for which the main parameters were determined. Advantage of the promising power circuit over the classical one was shown. The results obtained are part of a comprehensive study of the promising structural power schemes made of polymer composite materials.
Ultrasonic quality control of the aerial vehicle fiberglass structural elements impregnation with the organic resins
Authors: Chulkov D.I. , Terekhin A.V. , Tipikin M.E. , Dumansky A.M.
Published: March 2023

Fiberglass products after molding and heat treatment are impregnated with the organosilicon resin to increase heat resistance followed by polymerization by heat treatment. A method for non-destructive quality control of the composite-profile products impregnation made of fiberglass plastics with the organosilicon resin is proposed. Results of experimental work are presented on the study of alteration in the longitudinal ultrasonic waves speed in structural elements of the aerial vehicles made of fiberglass before and after impregnation with the organosilicon resin, i.e. the MFSS-8 product. Besides, alteration in the longitudinal ultrasonic waves speed in the fiberglass samples violating the impregnation technology are demonstrated.
Universal structural method in synthesis and constructing the complete atlas of the multiloop orthogonal structures of the self-adjusting linkages in mechanical engineering
Authors: Pozhbelko V.I.
Published: March 2023

The paper considers theory and practice of structural synthesis, classification of assembly and construction of a complete atlas of the new class multi-loop mechanisms, where the multi-hinge linkages are made with all hinges positioned on the same line, such mechanisms are called the orthogonal mechanisms. Original universal method is proposed for structural synthesis of these multi-hinge linkage mechanisms with a given large number of independent closed loops in the kinematic chain to create a variety of mechanisms with the given different number of degrees of freedom of their drive. Using this method to create new efficient multilink mechanisms does not require introduction of complex computer programs and consideration of tens of thousands of the Assur groups in order to build complete atlases in closed chains of the parallel structure mechanisms reliably not containing any harmful redundant links. This makes it possible to solve the problem of structural synthesis of the self-adjusting orthogonal mechanisms, including both single and multiple hinged joints of the lever links. Based on the orthogonal structural synthesis proposed algorithm, a complete atlas of 20 non-isomorphic three-circuit orthogonal eight-link basic kinematic chains was constructed for the first time, which formed the basis for synthesizing 27 new schemes of single-moving flat hinged mechanisms with simple hinges. This increases the possible composition of their database to 180 closed structures. Effectiveness of the proposed universal synthesis method is confirmed by examples of inventions of various multi-loop orthogonal self-adjusting lever mechanisms and manipulators of the parallel structure.
Phytochemical and Nutrient Composition of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) in an Agro-climatic Condition of Mizoram, India
Authors: Talukdar Dibyajyoti , Talukdar Papori , Luwang Athokpam Donin , Sarma Kalyan , Deka Dhiren , Sharma Dhrubajyoti , Das Biswajit
Published: March 2023

Background: Aloe vera has been used by mankind for thousands of years in folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. The rich phytochemistry of Aloe vera has revealed great potential for improving the performance of livestock and poultry. Mizoram lies in the Indo-Myanmar sub-tropical forest region and is a biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species. The well-heeled biodiversity provides enormous assets and sustainable contribution of medicinal plants and thus leads to frequent use of plants as medicine. Moreover, it was reported that the nutrient composition of the plant depends on the soil quality of the locality. Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Aloe vera in an agro-climatic condition of Mizoram. Methods: The physical characteristics of fresh Aloe vera leaf i.e. length, width, thickness, apparent volume, leaf weight, gel weight and percent gel recovery were evaluated by using standard protocols. The nutrient composition of Aloe vera leaf powder i.e. moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, carbohydrate, total ash, energy level and minerals i.e. calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium and chromium contents were estimated by using standard methods. The extract of each powdered part of Aloe vera plants was used for phytochemical tests and to identify the constituents, standard procedures were carried out. Result: The physical characteristics of fresh Aloe vera leaf i.e. length, width, thickness, apparent volume, leaf weight, gel weight and percent gel recovery were 562.72±6.32 mm, 83.55±4.46 mm, 25.33±4.05 mm, 298.44±7.32 cm3, 340.28±6.32 g, 180.23±9.39 g, 55.66±1.07%, respectively. The nutrient composition of Aloe vera leaf powder i.e. moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, carbohydrate, total ash, the energy level was 91.12%, 8.75%, 2.4%, 16.8%, 52.0%,12.5%, 238 kcal, respectively and minerals i.e. calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium and chromium content was 2532.0, 870.1, 41.8, 0.57, 40.1, 8310.0 and 4.5 ppm, respectively. Aqueous and ethanol extraction of Aloe vera confirmed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins and tarpenoid. In conclusion, the physical properties of Aloe vera revealed that the weight of the Aloe vera correlates with the gel portion irrespective of the leaf volume. Apart from therapeutic uses of Aloe vera, it can also use for the synthesis of complex chemical substances.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Nodulation, Yield, Quality, Energetics and Economics of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] Varieties in Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Nwe Lay Lay , Das Rupa , Dutta Dhananjoy
Published: March 2023

Background: The oilseed crop soybean has the potential to bridge the demand-supply gap of edible oil. Varietal adaptation to environment and agronomic interventions like integrated nutrient management (INM) are hypothesized to elevate the yield, quality and save energy in soybean, assuring environmental safety. Methods: The experiment was conducted in three times replicated factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 3 varieties and 5 INM options at Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal during kharif season of 2019 and 2020. Result: Comparatively greater nodules/plant (51.21) and dry weight of nodules (0.51 g), pods/plant (34.04), 100-seeds weight (15.24 g), yield (2601 kg/ha), protein (41.42%) and economic profitability (B:C- 2.32) were observed from PS 24 grown under 75% RDF + 1.5t/ha vermicompost + 25 kg/ha ZnSO4. Energy budgeting further indicated that soybean cultivation mostly consumed energy from indirect non-renewable sources and PS 24 grown under that INM option generated highest energy outcome (112679.3 MJ/ha) in Eastern Indian condition.
Co-inoculant Response of Microbial Consortia on Physiology of Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Seed Germination
Authors: Monisha S. , Renganayaki P.R. , Sundareswaran S. , Nakkeeran S. , Varanavasiappan S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) belonging to the Leguminoceae family is rich in protein. In this crop, biological seed treatment is an environmentally sound approach for improving the vigour of seeds. Besides legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, several other beneficial microbes play a crucial role in vigour enhancement in blackgram. Methods: The surface sterilised seeds were first coated with 20% gum acacia followed by the coating with bioinoculants viz., T0 - Control (Dry seed), T1 - Rhizobium sp. BMBS + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) + Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and T2 - Rhizobium sp. BMBS + AMF + Bacillus velezensis. Result: Inoculation of blackgram seeds with the Rhizobium sp. BMBS and AMF with Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 resulted in a significant increase in germination (97%), dry matter production (0.237 g 10 seedlings-1), vigour index (22.99) and seed mobilization efficiency (1.11) as compared to control seeds. The biochemical parameters such as á-amylase and proteases were found to be significantly higher in the Rhizobium sp. BMBS + AMF + Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 inoculated seeds. Changes in root exudates composition due to co-inoculation assessed through GC-MS, indicated compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Our results confirmed that the positive interaction of rhizobial strain BMBS and AMF with Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 may emerge as a novel bio-inoculant for sustainable pulse productivity.
Gene Effects of Quantitative Traits through Six Parameter Model of Generation Mean Analysis in Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Ayesha Md. , Babu D. Ratna
Published: March 2023

Background: Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is one of the most destructive biotic constraints for production in urdbean. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars with high seed yield is considered as the most economical and eco-friendly option to manage YMD, for which understanding the gene action controlling the inheritance of different traits along with YMD resistance is an important requirement. Methods: Material comprised of four diverse genotypes (TU 94-2, PU 31, IPU 94-1 and LBG 623), six F1s, six BC1s and six BC2s and six F2s. These six generations of all the six crosses were evaluated for various yield related traits in rabi, 2020-21 and phenotyped for YMD in summer, 2021 at Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh which is hotspot for YMD. Result: Inadequacy of additive-dominant model for all most all traits including YMD except for test weight was observed. It was found that, [l] type of non-allelic interaction was observed to be predominant for majority of the traits. Further, the existence of duplicate type of epistasis in the inheritance was evident at least in few crosses for all the traits (except days to maturity). The duplicate epistasis will reduce the variation in F2 and subsequent generations, thereby hinder the pace of the progress through selection.
Dynamic Response of Nitrogen Content to Moisture Variation in Soybean during the Whole Growth Period
Authors: Wang Xin , Tian Yumei , Liu Shibin , Wang Xiyue , Wu Zihao , Dong Shoukun
Published: March 2023

Background: Soybeans are the main sources of oil and protein for most of the global population. As the population grows, so does the demand for soybeans. However, drought is a major factor that limits soybean growth. Methods: The nitrogen content in different parts of the soybean under drought stress and rehydration was investigated using the soybean cultivars, HN44 and HN65, at different growth stages (vegetative growth, parallel period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth and reproductive growth). Result: During the vegetative growth stage, drought decreased the plant’s nitrogen content. After rehydration, all the organs showed different degrees of compensatory effects. During the parallel period of vegetative and reproductive growth, drought decreased the nitrogen content of the leaves. After rehydration, the nitrogen content was partially restored. During the reproductive growth period, drought affected the translocation of nitrogen to the sink. After rehydration, the nitrogen content increased in the pods and decreased in other parts. In summary, rehydration after drought during the vegetative growth period of soybean can lead to nitrogen accumulation, but the reproductive growth phase differs from earlier; therefore, this period should avoid drought stress.
Antioxidants and Antioxidative Enzymes as Potential Biomarkers for Assessing Stress in Plants
Authors: Sahoo Ansuman , Tiwari Supriya
Published: March 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an inevitable part of normal cellular metabolism in almost every known living organism. But theexcess accumulation of these radicals disturbs cellular homeostasis which can be harmful to the plant. Unlike animals who can migratethemselves away from the stress conditions, plants that are sedentary in nature have developed certain defence mechanisms to copewith the same. These mechanisms include a plethora of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that help in scavenging free radicals.The enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX),ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione-s-transferase, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR),and the non-enzymatic antioxidants include ascorbic acid (ASA), glutathione (GSH), tocopherols, carotenoids, etc. All these antioxidantshelp in maintaining the balance between ROS generation and scavenging by keeping their concentration below the threshold level.Numerous earlier studies have reported that only certain enzymatic antioxidants have shown increased activity in response to particularstress and likely these enzymes can be utilized as biomarkers against a multitude of biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we havediscussed certain enzymatic and a few non-enzymatic antioxidants which can be used for assessing stress in plants.
Bio-control by using Antagonistic (Filamentous Fungi and VAM) and Bacteria against Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Thakur Rajneesh , Gupta Dharmesh , Jandaik Savita
Published: March 2023

The excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in the current agricultural system, which is done to increase production, completelyeradicate plant pathogens, and reduce undesirable weeds, has a detrimental effect on soil quality, water body environment, animal andhuman health due to the toxicity, recalcitrance, and carcinogenic potential of many of these compounds. It has long been thought thatbiological plant disease control could replace current methods of prevention. Filamentous fungi (especially Aspergillus spp., Trichodermareesei, and Neurospora crassa), bacteria (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Lysobacter, Serratia, and Pantoea), and Vesicular ArbuscularMycorrhiza (VAM) (G. mosseae, Glomus claroideum, Glomus aggregatum) are employed instead of chemicals in biocontrol. M. phaseolinais a fungus that lives in the root soil and produces dry root rot/stem canker, stalk rot, and charcoal rot. The fungus M. phaseolina causescharcoal rot, stalk rot, and dry root rot/stem canker in plant roots. Melon, strawberries, and tomatoes are just a few of the horticulturalcrops that M. phaseolina has been discovered on throughout Europe, the US, Australia, Chile, and Israel. To manage M. phaseolina, variousbiocontrol agents (filamentous fungi, VAM, and bacteria) are used successfully and effectively.
Nuclear Technique Applications Vis-A-Vis Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition: An Overview
Authors: Shah Aanisa M. , Shah Tajamul I. , Nazir Shaista , Khan Inayat M. , Bangroo Shabir A. , Chesti M.H. , Aezum Aziz M. , Malik Abdul R. , Mir Yasir H. , Ul-Baligha Hujjat , Rashid Aabiroo , Mir Gowhar
Published: March 2023

Nuclear techniques in agriculture encircle the exploitation of isotopic and radiation techniques to contend with diseases and pests,upsurge production of crops, water, and land resource protection, safeguard food safety in hand with authenticity and elevate theproduction of livestock. Nuclear techniques intend to ease trials regarding food security, safety, and sustainable agriculture development.Nuclear techniques in the circle of agriculture have paid significantly to the growth of isotopic techniques to assess soil deteriorationapart from the creation of effective soil and land conservation approaches. These interventions encompass fallout radionuclides encircling137Cs, 210Pb and 7Be and compound specific stable lsotopes (CSSI) techniques. The sensitive estimates of total N2 fixation across thegrowth cycle of leguminous crops reside in the isotopic method application with the employment of a stable 15N isotope, usually atenrichment as well as natural abundance levels. The utilization of Oxygen-18 and Hydrogen-2 aids to study the utilization of plant water,the quantification of agricultural transpiration, and the development of tactics to boost crop productivity, minimize unproductive lossesof water, and check water as well as land degradation. For the comprehension of biological courses and mechanisms of ecosystemfunctioning, nuclear-based approaches are supportive tools, not a replacement for conventional techniques. As a result, a thoroughassessment of the demand for employing a nuclear/isotopic technique, as well as selection of an apt isotopic technique, is required,taking into account the objective of research, facilities and expertise accessible, and affiliated risks in view of safe conduct and disposalof menacing constituents in addition to the financial considerations.
The Impact of N Input on Plant Functional Traits Such as C3, C4, Native, and Non-native in Terms of Abundance, Frequency, and Density
Authors: Gautam Vijay P.
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the ecological changes in grassland vegetation at Banaras Hindu University’s horticulture field. Caudatemethods were used for vegetation analyses. In 72 experimental plots of 1×1m2, repeated quadrat sampling yielded 176 herbs. Plantfunctional types such as legumes, non-legumes, grasses, forbs, and sedges were classified as C3, C4, native, and non-natives traitsbased on their frequency, abundance, and density. From the rainy season of 2016 to the summer season of 2019, the mean values offrequency, abundance, and density against the N gradient were calculated. Therefore the results showed that, nitrogen is essential forthe competitive equilibrium of C3 and C4 species. This study suggests that N deposition-induced changes in competitive interactionsmay be disadvantages to native species that thrive in low-nutrient environments, such as N2-fixers, ultimately leading to changes in thecomposition of plant communities. In comparison to N2 fixers, non-N2 fixers appear to be more effective at using extra N for growth.Our findings show that the diversity of grasslands has dramatically shifted from native to introduced species, proving that non-nativespace invaders are destroying the rich grassland ecosystems around the world. By changing the dominant species and its response towhich species dominates the response at the community level, this change in abundance may alter the ecosystem functions. Based onour study, the vegetation was found to be heterogeneous up to N dosage of 60 kg/ha/year.
Why Natural Farming Technology be Adopted and Researches Intensified?
Authors: Dwivedi R.S. , Bajpai Rajesh
Published: March 2023

Rising environmental Pollution, decreasing soil fertility, augmenting ground water contamination with NO3, As, Pb, Cd, etc deterioratingvegetables, fruits, edible grains and milk quality due to poisonous chemicals and thereby increasing health hazards are great threatat global level. The chemical laden agriculture is one of the pivotal causes for such consequences and “Punjab cancer train” in Indiacarrying hundreds of cancer patients daily from Bhatinda (Punjab) to Bikaner (Rajasthan) for treatments, are well known. Natural farmingtechnology trained farmers from eleven states viz., Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand,Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of India are getting spectacular higher yield and good quality pollutantfree crop harvest and edible products. This technology is comprised of treating seeds with Beejamrit and Ghanajeewamrit to improveseed germination and improve soil health and crop growth. Spraying of Neemastra, or Agniastra or Bramhastra are done to controlinsect, pests and plant diseases without polluting environment. Natural farming is broadly synonym to Vedic Agriculture, cosmic farmingand Homa therapy using Agnihotra ash. Promotion of microorganism, Indian earthworms, Indian breed cows and water conservationthrough crop residues or intercropping practices are the key epithets of natural farming. This technology has been found to be costeffective and pollution free, also called as ‘Zero Budget Agriculture’ since all the inputs are natural and domestically produced. The prosand cons of this technology with a view to make a sensible decision for its adoption at local, state, national and international level arediscussed in this paper.In case of some technological impetigo in attaining present level of crop productivity on large scale, the challenges before agriculturescientists are to ameliorate natural farming technology and maintain health friendly environment, harvest higher crop yield and assurefood security to burgeoning population.
Emerging Nutrient Deficiencies in Cereal Production System and their Possible Management Strategies to Achieve Nutritional Securities
Authors: Fayaz Shayista , Kanth Raihana H. , Bahar Fayaz A. , Azad Ayman , Hamid Nazim , Hussain Nazir , Shabir Zohra
Published: March 2023

Rye, oats, barley, corn, triticale, millet, and sorghum are among the cereals cultivated in various countries. With more than half of theworld’s grain production going to wheat and rice, these two crops are the most significant on the planet. Human have traditionallyconsumed cereals, which are staple foods and significant nutrient sources in both developed and developing nations. Cereal goodscontain a variety of micronutrients, including vitamin E, several B vitamins, magnesium, and zinc, and are a significant source of energy,carbohydrate, and protein. All living species, including crop plants, require a number of fundamental elements in order to maintaindevelopment and cell processes as well as to complete the life cycle. For the development and production of plants, vital minerals arenecessary. Essential minerals are indispensable for plant growth and production. There are a variety of recognized essential mineralelements that are mostly accumulated from the soil. However, the soils of the Indian subcontinent have been deficient in some nutrientsas a result of years of extensive agriculture and unbalanced fertilizer use. Under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrientstress, leaf characteristics show different deficiency symptoms, according to the plant nutrition process. For crop nutrient management,it is critical to develop a reliable, fast, and modified method for diagnosing crop nutrition. Improving fertilizer efficiency is a majorconcern for managing crop production and maintaining soil economic productivity.
Four ‘Bio’ Traits Craft Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp) to Survive in a Dry Soil Environment under Intercropping Situation -A Review
Authors: Chitraputhirapillai Swaminathan , Kannan P. , Krishnaprabu N. , Yassin M. Mohammed
Published: March 2023

The climate of the rainfed tropics is complex in nature and intercropping aids in reducing the great peril of cropping under suchconditions. Dryland or rainfed crops produce low economic yield and soils are eroded with diminishing soil fertility, hence it is timelyto select an anchor crop for intercropping situations by reviewing various research publications.This work has been carried out at the Agronomy Department, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai India. Amethodical cum integrative review of past work done elsewhere, particularly in India was figured out. Nearly 200 research articles werescanned from different databases and 112 papers were utilised to write this review.This review article comprehensively documents the uniqueness of pigeon pea, being a long-duration legume having advantages likesoil fertility enhancement, multiple harvests, etc., over annual short-duration crops and how it could be called an anchor crop underintercropping systems. And hence, the inclusion of drought-resilient pigeon peas for sustaining soil health and farm productivity underintercropping systems in semi-arid alfisol would be ideal.
Heterosis and Combining Ability Estimation in Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the Feasibility of Developing F1 Hybrid in Half Diallel Mating Design
Authors: Kaur Gagan D. , Kumar Ravindra , Singh Sandeep
Published: March 2023

During 2019-20, and 2020-21 present study was carried out at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib’s Experimental Farm, Department ofAgriculture. Experimental materials comprising 15 F1s using half diallel mating design involving six parents(HD 1981, PBW 343, CPAN3004, RAJ 2184, PBW 154, and PBW 65) collected from IIWBR (Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research) New Delhi, India and onecheck (HD 2967) was grown in RBD. The variance due to parents was highly significant for most of the traits. Variances due to crosseswere significant for all the traits. Estimation of heterosis, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 was cross found to be most promising for grain yield/plant. General combing ability (GCA) effects revealed that PBW 65 followed by CPAN 3004 having significant and positive GCA effectsand PBW 65 was observed as the best combiner for yielding characters as no. of grain/plant and on the basis of Specific combiningability (SCA), PBW 154 x PBW 65, PBW 343 x CPAN 3004 and HD 1981 x PBW 65 were recorded best specific combinations for higheryield. The above parents and crosses can be used in hybridization and heterosis breeding.
Microbial Treatment of di (2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate by Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus Isolated from Landfill Soil
Authors: . Tanuja , Rashmi Madhavi , Singh Shivanand
Published: March 2023

The bacterial strains were isolated from landfill soil contaminated with phthalate, collected from dump yard near Byepass, Patna. Thestrain named T23 was chosen among the isolated strains due to its high efficacy towards the degradation. We observed the effects ofvarious environmental and chemical factors for optimising the conditions for degradation. The strain T23 was identified as Lysinibacillusxylanilyticus based on its phenotypic as well as phylogenetic characteristics by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for thedetermination of the metabolic end products after degradation. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was doneand the degradable intermediates obtained were 7, 10, 13-Hexadecatrienoic acid, Cyclotrisiloxane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic Acid andErucic acid. The strain T23 showed maximum degradation at pH 8.5 and temperature was 10.5 and it could tolerate up to 0-15% NaCl.Maximum degradation was exhibited at the carbon source, dextrose, and nitrogen source, casein. The 23 strain was having maximumpotential for degradation which can be used for various remediation purposes.
Remote Learning in Times of COVID-19 in Colombia
Authors: Jaime-Osorio María Fernanda , Campos-Perdomo María Alejandra , Rodríguez-Artunduaga Gilber Ignacio
Published: March 2023

Remote learning replaced for almost a year the traditional face-to-face education to maintain and ensure the continuity of the teaching-learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article reports the results of an exploratory and descriptive-transversal study that exposes primary and secondary school students’ perceptions about their experience with remote learning during 2020. Though the research study was also aimed at finding out potential teaching and learning issues inherent to remote education, we only focus on reporting the main findings on the determining factors that hindered or enhanced students' learning during their remote education experience. Data were collected through two different surveys addressed to 101 secondary and primary school students from Neiva and Pitalito, the two most populated towns in the state of Huila, Colombia. The findings showed that the students’ learning was both positively and negatively influenced by several factors affecting interaction inside and outside of the classroom setting.
El impacto del iPad en la cognición de los profesores de inglés en México
Authors: Luna-Martínez Héctor Rubén , Tapia-Carlín Rebeca E.
Published: March 2023

Este artículo informa sobre los resultados de un estudio que fue parte de una tesis de maestría. El contexto del estudio fue en una escuela primaria privada en Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. El estudio buscaba explorar la cognición de los profesores, específicamente en la práctica docente y las respuestas emocionales que los profesores de inglés en el nivel elemental informan a la hora de implementar el iPad en sus clases. Se seleccionaron cuatro profesoras de inglés para formar parte del proyecto. Se seleccionó el método de teoría fundamentada para llevar a cabo el estudio; se eligieron dos instrumentos para recolectar y triangular los datos obtenidos, dichos instrumentos son narrativas guiadas y entrevistas individuales con cada una de las profesoras. Los resultados muestran que las prácticas y las respuestas emocionales de las profesoras evolucionan durante el proceso de implementación del iPad siguiendo cuatro etapas principales: reacciones iniciales, sentido de realización, cambio y adaptación. Además, se encontraron reacciones emocionales y prácticas de enseñanza similares en las cuatro participantes.
Culture-Related Issues in Teacher Education Programs: The Last Decade in Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Espinosa Alexánder
Published: March 2023

This paper showcases a literature review in 13 Colombian refereed journals, covering the last decade, from 2011 to 2021. Data were collected from the virtual platforms where each journal hosts published issues. A thematic analysis was conducted with the sample of papers. The purpose of the review was twofold. On the one hand, it aimed at establishing the main research concerns of Colombian scholars regarding the place of culture in the context of Foreign Language Teacher Education programs. On the other hand, the review aimed at exploring the implications for curriculum design in Colombia that can be drawn from culture-related literature produced by scholars in the last decade. Results suggest that the treatment of culture-related issues in Foreign Language Teacher Education programs has gained currency, although scholarship in the last decade has mainly focused on a diagnostic stage.
Learning loss: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the students’ psychosocial condition
Authors: Maba Wayan , Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri , Mantra Ida Bagus Nyoman , Suartama I Kadek , Sukanadi Ni Luh
Published: March 2023

Learning loss occurs when students lose knowledge and skills generally or specifically or there is an academic impediment due to prolonged gaps or the discontinuation of the educational process. This study aims to examine learning loss during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and its psychological impact on students. Qualitative research was carried out comprehensively in schools in Indonesia by conducting interviews with teachers who were selected as the subjects of this research. The results of this study indicated that there was a learning loss during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and had an impact on students' psychological conditions in learning. Therefore, this research implies that teachers must consider the conditions of student learning loss and always try to find the right solution to improve students' abilities to reduce the learning loss.
Postgraduate student recruitment strategies in a transforming higher education landscape, South Africa
Authors: Konyana Samkele
Published: March 2023

Most higher education marketing theories have not explored student recruitment strategies for masters and doctorate qualifications, particularly in Africa. As a result, this study aims to explore student recruitment initiatives used by South African universities when recruiting students for masters and doctorate qualifications. A qualitative method of investigation was adopted to enable the researcher to judge the effectiveness of policies, practices or innovations in the recruitment of masters and doctorate students. Heterogeneous variation sampling was adopted to allow the researcher to compare university similarities and trends. Telephonic and face to face interviews were conducted to obtain information and opinions from research managers and marketing personnel regarding the recruitment of postgraduate students. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data obtained during in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that university recruitment initiatives include individualised marketing and product differentiation. The availability of internal systems to encourage staff and current students to enrol for research degrees was also highlighted. University initiatives will ensure that suitable students are attracted to research masters and doctorate studies. With the university alumni, personnel and the internal students, the public universities can increase postgraduate enrolments.