bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Acetal‐bond Cleavage of 4,6‐O‐Alkylidenehexopyranosides by Diisobutylaluminum Hydride and by Lithium Triethylborohydride‐TiCl4.
Authors: MIKAMI T. , ASANO H. , MITSUNOBU O.
Published: May 2016

The acetyl bond in the 4,6‐O‐alkylidenehexopyranosides (I) is cleaved with diisobutylaluminum hydride to give the isomers (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of F Acids in the Oxidation with Lipoxidase in the Presence of SH‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: JANDKE J. , SCHMIDT J. , SPITELLER G.
Published: May 2016

If cells are damaged, furancarboxylic acids (F acids) (I) are oxidized by liberated enzymes such as lipoxidases to very unstable dioxoenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconducting Properties of Li0.33MoO3.
Authors: CANADELL E. , WHANGBO M.‐H.
Published: May 2016

The bottom d‐block band electronic structure of the title bronze is derived by using tight‐binding band calculations based on the extended Hueckel method and discussed in regard to its crystal structure.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Examination, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ln3Co Single Crystals (Ln: Y, Gd, Dy, and Ho).
Authors: TALIK E. , SZADE J. , HEIMANN J. , WINIARSKA A. , WINIARSKI A. , CHELKOWSKI A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds, prepared from the elements by the Czochralski method, all crystallize in the Fe3C‐type structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Azeotropic Dehydration and Dehydrochlorination of ZrOCl2·8 H2O.
Authors: ATHERTON M. D. , SUTCLIFFE H.
Published: May 2016

Azeotropic dehydration of the title compound, that can also be formulated as (Zr4(OH)8(H2O)16)Cl8·12 H2O, has been performed at 37 °C (pentane), 62 °C (hexane), 80 °C (benzene), and 110 °C (toluene).
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Silabenzenes.
Authors: BALDRIDGE K. K. , GORDON M. S.
Published: May 2016

ab initio calculations are carried out on substituted monosilabenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Phenylseleno‐1,3‐butadiene and 2‐Trialkylstannyl‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: BATES G. S. , FRYZUK M. D. , STONE C.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the Grignard reagent (I) with the chlorides (II) affords the title compounds (III), which undergo Diels‐Alder reaction to give the adducts (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Type‐II Intramolecular (2 + 2) Cycloaddition of Alkenes with Vinyl Ketenes Prepared by the Regiospecific Deprotonation of β,β‐Disubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Acid Chlorides.
Authors: SNIDER B. B. , RON E. , BURBAUM B. W.
Published: May 2016

Vinyl ketenes, generated from the dienoic acids (I), (V), (VIII), and (XI) via their acid chlorides, undergo intramolecular cycloaddition to produce the fused cyclobutanones (II), (VI), and (VII), (IX) and (X) or (XII) and (XIII) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Directed Nazarov Cyclizations. Part 6. The Anomalous Cyclization of Vinyl Dienyl Ketones.
Authors: DENMARK S. E. , HITE G. A.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the vinyl dienyl ketones (I) with FeCl3 give rise to the β,γ‐unsaturated α‐vinyl cyclopentenones (II); i.e. the reaction succeeds for vinyl dienyl ketones with substituents on either double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Based Oxidative Free Radical Cyclizations. Part 5. Termination of Polycyclization by Oxidative β‐Hydride Elimination.
Authors: SNIDER B. B. , DOMBROSKI M. A.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the dienonecarboxylates (I), (VII), and (IX) with manganese(III) acetate and copper(II) acetate results in an oxidative free radical cyclization to produce the exo‐methylenecyclopentanes (II), (VIII), and (X) via bicyclic cyclopentylmethyl radicals.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzoylcarbamate Cyclizations.
Authors: KNAPP S. , KUKKOLA P. J. , SHARMA S. , PIETRANICO S.
Published: May 2016

The cyclohexenes (I) react with NBS and benzoyl isocyanate (II), yielding the O‐acylated bromohydrins (III) which form the cyclic N‐benzoylurethanes (IV) upon basic treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalysis in Oxidation by Peroxides. Anionic Molybdenum‐Picolinate N‐Oxido‐Peroxo Complex: An Effective Oxidant of Primary and Secondary Alcohols in Nonpolar Solvents.
Authors: BORTOLINI O. , CAMPESTRINI S. , DI FURIA F. , MODENA G. , VALLE G.
Published: May 2016

Oxidation of the alcohols (I) with a molybdenum peroxo complex gives the aldehydes and ketones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Preparation of α‐Halo‐Carbonyl and α‐Halo‐Sulfonyl Compounds by Halo‐Deacylation.
Authors: MIGNANI G. , MOREL D. , GRASS F.
Published: May 2016

The C‐acetyl derivatives (I), (VII) and (VIII) are simultaneously deacylated and halogenated to form the halides (II), (III), (IX) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Control of a Branching of a Reaction by Appropriate Phase‐Transfer Catalysts. Application of Phase‐Transfer Catalysis. Part 37.
Authors: DEHMLOW E. V. , WILKENLOH J.
Published: May 2016

Allyl bromide (I) reacts with dibromocarbene to form the dibromo cyclopropanes (III) and (V) and the tribromobutene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Acetyladamantane with Thionyl Chloride.
Authors: BURKHARD J. , JANKU J. , VODICKA L.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of pyridine the title compound (I) reacts with thionyl chloride to yield the 1‐chloroethenyl derivative (II) as the sole isolable product.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to Alkylidenecyclopropanes from Cyclopropyldiphenylphosphine Oxide and Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: MEIJS G. F. , EICHINGER P. C. H.
Published: May 2016

Cyclopropyldiphenylphosphine oxide (I) is coupled with the aldehydes or ketones (II) to produce the adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Generation and Use of 3‐Carbalkoxycyclopentadienone as a Diels‐Alder Dienophile. Part 13.
Authors: NANTZ M. H. , FUCHS P. L.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the sulfonylcyclopentenecarboxylate (I), the isomeric cylopentenones (V) and (VI) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Aromatic Claisen Rearrangement of 3‐Hydroxyphenyl Allyl Ethers.
Authors: HARWOOD L. M. , OXFORD A. J. , THOMSON C.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the 3‐hydroxyphenyl allyl ethers (I) with potassium hydroxide in the presence of oxygen gives the rearrangement products (II) ‐ (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Contraction Reactions of Dihydro‐ and Tetrahydrothiazepines to Isothiazolone Derivatives under Pummerer Conditions.
Authors: YAMAMOTO K. , YAMAZAKI S. , MURATA I. , FUKAZAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

The thiopyran oxime (III), prepared from the ketone (I), undergoes Beckmann‐rearrangement to produce regioisomeric tetrahydrothiazepines (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Benzothiazoles.
Authors: PARAMASIVAM R. , RAMAKRISHNAN V. T.
Published: May 2016

Irradiation of o‐halothioacetanilides affords benzothiazoles in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Xanthone Derivatives: Part 6. Synthesis of Furano‐ and Difuranoxanthones.
Authors: PATEL G. N. , PATOLIA R. J. , TRIVEDI K. N.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the corresponding resorcinol derivatives with methyl 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoate affords the xanthones (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted and 3,4‐Disubstituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐1(2H)‐isoquinolones by Condensation of Lithiated N,N‐Diethyl‐o‐toluamide with Imines.
Authors: CLARK R. D. , JAHANGIR JAHANGIR
Published: May 2016

N,N‐Diethyl‐o‐toluamide (II) is lithiated and then coupled with the imines (I) or (IV) to give the 3,4‐dihydro‐1(2H)‐isoquinolones (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Nicotinic Acid 1‐Oxide with Propionic, Phenylacetic and Benzoic Anhydrides.
Authors: NAGANO H. , NAWATA Y. , HAMANA M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of nicotinic acid 1‐oxide (I) with propionic anhydride (II) yields a mixture of the bicyclic pyridines (III) ‐ (VI) and pyridones (VII) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dimethyl 4a,8a‐Methanophthalazine‐1,4‐dicarboxylate and Derivatives.
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , TADESSE L.
Published: May 2016

The Diels‐Alder reaction between the tetrazine (II) and the dienophile (I) proceeds at C‐3 and C‐6 of the diene (II) to afford the title compound (III) after elimination of N2.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Uracil Derivatives and Analogues. Part 10. A Silicon‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel 5‐Substituted 2,4‐Dimethoxypyrimidines and 5‐Substituted Uracils.
Authors: KUNDU N. G. , DAS B. , MAJUMDAR A. , CHOUDHURI L. N.
Published: May 2016

Acylation of the pyrimidylethynylsilane (I) yields the acetylenic ketones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylpiperazine Derivatives. Part 6. Design and Syntheses of Vinylogs of 1‐Benzyl‐4‐diphenylmethylpiperazine Derivatives and Their Cerebral Vasodilating Activities.
Authors: OHTAKA H. , KANAZAWA T. , ITO K. , TSUKAMOTO G.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the cinnamic acids (II) with ethyl chloroformate (III) and subsequent reaction with the piperazines (I) yield the carboxamides (IV) which are reduced to form the cinnamyldiarylmethylpiperazines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of S3N2Cl2 and (NSCl)3 with a New Silylcyanamide Reagent (Me3Si)2N.CN: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Cyclic SNSNS: N.CN and Bicyclic CClS3N5.
Authors: BANISTER A. J. , CLEGG W. , GORRELL I. B. , HAUPTMANN Z. V. , SMALL R. W. H.
Published: May 2016

Silylation of silver cyanamide (II) with trimethylsilyl chloride (I) yields bis(trimethylsilyl)cyanamide (III) which reacts with the chlorides (IV) and (VI) to produce the cyaniminotrithiadiazole (V) or the chlorotrithiapentaazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Cyclobutadiene‐Type Diazadiboretidines.
Authors: SCHREYER P. , PAETZOLD P. , BOESE R.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the diazadiboretidines (I) with Lewis acids, protic reagents, and multiple bond systems are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Di‐ and Trisilylethenes.
Authors: SCHMIDBAUR H. , EBENHOECH J. +
Published: May 2016

The catalytic hydrosilylation of the alkynes (I), (IV) and (VI) proceeds in a stereospecific syn fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Azidophosphites. Part 5. Molecular Structure of 2‐Oxo‐2‐triphenylphosphazo‐1,3,2‐benzodioxaphosphole.
Authors: CHERNEGA A. N. , ANTIPIN M. YU. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , GUSAR' N. I. , BUDILOVA I. YU. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the phosphorous azide (I), the phosphoric chloride (IV), or the azidophosphorane (VII) the title compound (III) is prepared as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: (Phthalocyaninato)cobalt(III) Adducts with Nitrogen Bases.
Authors: METZ J. , HANACK M.
Published: May 2016

The starting compound (I) does not react with nitrogen bases L to form complexes which contain two axial bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Oxidation of Phenol and Cyclohexene by an Oxo Complex of Ruthenium(IV).
Authors: SEOK W. K. , DOBSON J. C. , MEYER T. J.
Published: May 2016

From results of 1H NMR studies and stopped‐flow kinetics at a variety of temp. and the use of 18O‐labeled compounds the mechanisms of the title reactions are interpreted as initial attack by the Ru=O group of the oxidant (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Promoted Cyclization Reactions of Isocyanide Ligands. Synthesis of Cyclic Aminooxycarbene Complexes of Platinum(II) and X‐Ray Structure of Cyclic trans‐((PPh3)2Pt(CN(C6H4‐p‐Me)CH2CH2O)Br)BF4.
Authors: MICHELIN R. A. , ZANOTTO L. , BRAGA D. , SABATINO P. , ANGELICI R. J.
Published: May 2016

Electrophilic isocyanide ligands in cationic Pt(II) complexes (I) are converted to the corresponding 5‐membered cyclic title complexes (III) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Very Soluble and Photostable Perylene Fluorescent Dyes.
Authors: DEMMIG S. , LANGHALS H.
Published: May 2016

Attempting to raise the solubility of the known dye (III) (R: 2,5‐di‐tert.‐butylphenyl) the dependence of solubility on substituent R is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenes. Part 85. Photolysis of 19β,28‐Epoxy‐18α‐oleanan‐2β‐ol Nitrites: Functionalization of 10β‐ and 8β‐Methyl Groups.
Authors: SEJBAL J. , KLINOT J. , VYSTRCIL A.
Published: May 2016

The photolysis of the epoxyoleanol nitrite (I) affords the oximes (II) and (III) by functionalization of the 10β‐methyl group as well as of the rather distant 8β‐methyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Macrocyclic Terpenoids by Intramolecular Cyclization. Part 11. Total Synthesis of Zerumbone.
Authors: KODAMA M. , SHIOBARA Y. , SUMITOMO H. , MITANI K. , UENO K.
Published: May 2016

Geranyl bromide (I) is converted into the phosphonate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of L‐(+)‐Ribose via (S)‐Pinanediol (αS)‐α‐Bromo Boronic Esters.
Authors: MATTESON D. S. , PETERSON M. L.
Published: May 2016

L‐(+)‐Ribose (VII) is prepared from the boronic ester (I) by a homologation procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Two Naturally Occurring Flavonoids
Authors: RANI I.
Published: May 2016

(compound (V), isolated from Tephrosia maxima Aers.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3‐Aminonocardicinic Acid and Its Acyl Derivatives.
Authors: NAKAGUCHI O. , OKU T. , HASHIMOTO M. , KAMIYA T.
Published: May 2016

The sodium salt of nocardicin A (I) is reduced to give the amino derivative (IIa) which reacts with phenyl isothiocyanate (III), producing the thiourea (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized Ketones.
Authors: KITAMURA M. , OHKUMA T. , INOUE S. , SAYO N. , KUMOBAYASHI H. , AKUTAGAWA S. , OHTA T. , TAKAYA H. , NOYORI R.
Published: May 2016

BINAP‐Ru(II) complexes are effective catalysts for the asym.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylcobalt Salophen Reagents. Precursors to Acyl Radical Intermediates for Inter‐ and Intramolecular Oxidative Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: COVENEY D. J. , PATEL V. F. , PATTENDEN G.
Published: May 2016

The acylcobalt salophens (III), prepared from (I) and the acyl chlorides (II), react with diphenyl disulfide and diselenide (IV) under irradiation to give the thiolo and seleno esters (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Arene Synthesis by Extrusion Reaction. Part 12. Chemistry of Dibenzo(2.2)paracyclophane and Its Related Compounds. Evidence for the Existence of a Cyclophyne Intermediate.
Authors: CHAN C. W. , WONG H. N. C.
Published: May 2016

Base treatment of (I) results in the formation of the strained cyclophyne intermediate (III), which is trapped by the furans (II) to give the Diels‐Alder adducts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SRN1‐Substitution Reactions of Quinones.
Authors: CROZET M. P. , JENTZER O. , VANELLE P.
Published: May 2016

The methylanthraquinone derivatives (Ib) ‐ (Id) are coupled with the salts (III) generated from 2‐nitropropane under various conditions to produce the anthraquinones (IV) ‐ (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of an Extremely Unusual 1:2‐Adduct from 3‐Cyanoindolizines and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: MATSUMOTO K. , KABUTO C. , UCHIDA T. , YOSHIDA H. , OGATA T. , IWAIZUMI M.
Published: May 2016

Heating of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) with the 3‐cyanoindolizines (I) yields the N‐styryl‐2‐cyanopyrroles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Cycloenol Acetates (5 and 6 Ring Members) with Grignard Reagents and Lithium Enolates in the Presence of Copper Salts. Part 1. Rapid Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Mitsugashiwalactone.
Authors: AMRI H. , VILLIERAS J.
Published: May 2016

The ethoxycarbonylhydroxycycloalkene acetates or silyl ethers (I) react with the Grignard compounds (II) or the lithium derivative (IV) in the presence of copper(I) compounds, yielding the substituted cycloalkenes (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Azides in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 7. 4‐Aminouracils and Pyrimido(4,5‐b)indolediones from 4‐Azidouracils.
Authors: LAPACHEV V. V. , STADLBAUER W. , KAPPE T.
Published: May 2016

Condensation of phenylmalonic acid (I) with the ureas (II) affords the barbituric acid derivatives (III), which are converted to the 4‐azidouracils (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of 1‐Azinyl‐4‐ethoxycarbonyl Thiosemicarbazides. The Synthesis of 3‐Ethoxycarbonylamino‐s‐triazolo(4,3‐x)azines.
Authors: KOREN B. , STANOVNIK B. , TISLER M.
Published: May 2016

The reactions between the heterocyclic hydrazines (I) or (V) and ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (II) yield the thiosemicarbazides (III) or (VI) specified in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanides as Lewis‐Acid Catalysts in Aldol Addition, Cyanohydrin‐Forming, and Oxirane Ring Opening Reactions.
Authors: VOUGIOUKAS A. E. , KAGAN H. B.
Published: May 2016

The aldehydes or ketones (I) react with trimethylsilyl cyanide (II) or the ketene silyl acetal (V) in the presence of lanthanide trichlorides, producing mixtures of the α‐hydroxy nitriles (III) and the α‐siloxy derivatives (IV) or of the β‐hydroxy/β‐siloxy esters (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Phosphorus‐Containing Cyanoguanidines.
Authors: MARTYNOV I. V. , CHEKHLOV A. N. , AKSINENKO A. YU. , PUSHIN A. N. , SOKOLOV V. B. , GONTAR' A. F.
Published: May 2016

The phosphonates (I) with a trifluorodiazabutadiene fragment react with ammonia (II) to give the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of D,L‐2‐Phosphonopiperidine.
Authors: SOLODENKO V. A. , KUKHAR' V. P.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the hexahydrotriazine (I) and diethyl phosphite (II), the title compound (IV) is prepared via the phosphonate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorodiazadiphosphetidines. Part 18. New Betainic Fluorodiazadiphosphetidine Derivatives.
Authors: GALLE K. , UTVARY K.
Published: May 2016

The equimolar reaction of the diazadiphosphetidine (I) with the substituted hydrazines (II) leads to the formation of the betainic derivatives (III) by addition of only one molecule HF to the substituted ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Co2(CO)8‐Mediated and ‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Diaryl Diselenides and Ditellurides to Seleno and Telluro Esters.
Authors: TAKAHASHI H. , OHE K. , UEMURA S. , SUGITA N.
Published: May 2016

The diaryl diselenides (Ib), (Id), and the ditellurides (Ic) and (Ie) react with CO (II) in the presence of Co2(CO)8 to give the corresponding seleno esters (IIIb) and (IIId) or telluro esters (IIIc) and (IIIe), together with a small amount of the monoselenides and monotellurides (IVb) ‐ (IVe).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Optical Properties of Terminally Substituted Conjugated Polyenes.
Authors: EFFENBERGER F. , SCHLOSSER H. , BAEUERLE P. + , MAIER S. , PORT H. , WOLF H. C.
Published: May 2016

The target compounds (IV), (V) and (VIII) are prepared from (I) by a sequence of Wittig reactions; their analogues (X) are obtained from (IX) by similar procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Enzymatic Sterol Synthesis by Ultrasonically Stimulated Bakers′ Yeast.
Authors: BUJONS J. , GUAJARDO R. , KYLER K. S.
Published: May 2016

The title yeast suspension is a direct source of a sterol cyclase which is employed for the preparation of lanosterol (IIa) and the ester (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Method for the Preparation of Unsaturated Alcohols from 1,3‐Glycols via Dimethylformamide Acetals.
Authors: ACKLAND M. J. , GORDON J. F. , HANSON J. R. , YEOH B. L. , RATCLIFFE A. H.
Published: May 2016

The dimethylformamide acetals (I) and (III) are methylated to give the corresponding trimethylammonium salts which are cleaved upon thermolysis, producing homoallyl formates.
ChemInform Abstract: Protease‐Catalyzed Regioselective Esterification of Sugars and Related Compounds in Anhydrous Dimethylformamide.
Authors: RIVA S. , CHOPINEAU J. , KIEBOOM A. P. G. , KLIBANOV A. M.
Published: May 2016

The proteolytic enzyme subtilisin is very active as a catalyst for the selective acylation of carbohydrates and other sugar‐containing compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Pretreatment of Thin Film Platinum Electrodes.
Authors: JOSOWICZ M. , JANATA J. , LEVY M.
Published: May 2016

A simple electrochemical pretreatment is developed that can be successfully applied for the removal of transition metals and their oxides, which are commonly used to promote the adhesion of noble metal films on insulators.
Preparation of a novel silk microfiber covered by AgCl nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Xie Qifan , Xu Zongpu , Hu Binhui , He Xiuling , Zhu Liangjun
Published: May 2016

We prepared silk fibroin microfibers in which silver chloride (AgCl) nanoparticles were dispersed, by sequential dipping of microfibers obtained using alkaline hydrolysis in alternating solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chloride. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in nanoparticle size and quantity with increase in dipping cycles and solution concentration, but ultrasound irradiation did not affect nanoparticle formation. The presence of cubic AgCl crystals was confirmed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanoparticles do not affect the microfiber properties. The growth of Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria was inhibited by microfiber covered with AgCl nanoparticles. This antimicrobial activity allows to use microfiber as a reinforced or surface additive biomaterial. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:272–279, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single institution results of radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of pancreas in 78 patients
Authors: Grossman Julie G. , Fields Ryan C. , Hawkins William G. , Strasberg Steven M.
Published: May 2016

Background

The purpose of this report is to present results of the radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) procedure in 78 patients from a single center.

Methods

Seventy‐eight patients had RAMPS procedure over 13 years. A database dealing with RAMPS for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas was constructed so that it could be converted into a set of tables. Each table covered one element of the subject. The database was populated from clinical records of patients who had a RAMPS procedure from 1999 to 2013.

Results

Fifty‐six patients had anterior RAMPS and 22 had posterior RAMPS. Negative tangential margins were obtained in 94% of specimens. Overall the R0 rate was 85%. Mean lymph node count was 20. There were no 30‐day or in‐hospital mortalities but two patients died within 90 days. Pancreatic fistula and need for postoperative transfusion were the most common complications. Median survival was 24.6 months and 5‐year overall actuarial survival was 25.1%.

Conclusions

The RAMPS technique resulted in high negative tangential margin rates and good lymph node retrieval. The long‐term survival result in 78 patients is probably an accurate reflection of what is possible with this tumor using this technique at this time.
Concomitant hepatic artery resection for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case‐control study with propensity score matching
Authors: Noji Takehiro , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Okamura Keisuke , Tanaka Kimitaka , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Nakamura Toru , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi
Published: May 2016

Background

Whether concomitant hepatic artery resection (HAR) improves the prognosis for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare short‐ and long‐term surgical results of HAR versus standard resection (SR) for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using propensity score matching.

Methods

Among 209 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent resection in our department, 28 patients underwent HAR, and the remaining 181 patients underwent SR. To adjust for differences in clinicopathological factors, including difficulty in surgery, between groups, propensity score matching was used at a 1:1 ratio, resulting in a comparison of 24 patients per group. The study protocols were approved by our institutional review board (015‐0365), enrolled in UMIN‐CTR (No: UMIN000019927), and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

Results

No significant differences were seen in overall incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo classification ≥IIIa: 37.5% in SR group vs. 62.5% in HAR group; P = 0.080), except for postoperative liver abscess formation (P = 0.020). Five‐year overall survival rates were 30.3% and 20.4%, respectively. No significant difference in overall survival rate was apparent between the SR and HAR groups (P = 0.150).

Conclusion

Despite being a demanding procedure, concomitant HAR appears feasible for selected patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Investigation on potential utilization of native and modified starches containing resistant starch as a fat replacer in bakery products
Authors: Serinyel Gülçin , Öztürk Serpil
Published: May 2016

In this study, different commercial starches (Hylon VII, CrystaLean, Hi‐Flo, and Emjel) containing different levels of resistant starch (RS) were used as fat replacers in cake and cookie production. The solubility, water binding, swelling, and RS content values of starches varied between 1.0–9.2%, 133–305%, 3.7–23.9 g/g, and 2.6–46.0%, respectively. The amount of fat in rgw formulations was reduced to 25 and 50%, and replaced by equal amounts of starch/water (S/W) (1/1 or 1/3) suspensions. The hardness of the cookie dough and cake batter increased with the addition of Emjel. Cookies with 25% Hylon VII had a higher spread ratio than the low‐fat control. The S/W ratio did not affect the spread ratio. The cookie hardness increased by reducing the fat content. Cookies with Hylon VII, Hi‐Flo, and CrystaLean (50%) had a lower hardness compared to the low‐fat control. Low‐fat cakes with added starches had higher volume indexes than their low‐fat controls. The hardness of the 25% Hylon VII supplemented cakes was similar to (1/1), or better (1/3) than that of control. The starches did not have a substantial deteriorative effect on the color of products because of their natural white color. The cookies and cakes with starches had higher taste scores than the low‐fat control samples. The cookies with Hylon VII and CrystaLean had similar crispness with full‐fat control.
Benefits of ESA Gravity-Related Hands-on Programmes for University Students’ Careers
Authors: Callens Natacha , Ha Lily , Galeone Piero
Published: May 2016

The Education Office of the European Space Agency (ESA) offers university students, from ESA Member and Cooperating States, the opportunity to perform investigations in physical sciences, life sciences, and technology, under different gravity conditions through three educational programmes. The “Fly Your Thesis!” (FYT) programme makes use of parabolic flights and the “Drop Your Thesis!” (DYT) programme utilizes a drop tower as microgravity carriers, while the “Spin Your Thesis!” (SYT) programme uses a large centrifuge to create hypergravity. To date, more than hundred university students had the chance to participate in the design, development, and performance of one or more experiments during dedicated campaigns. In the following paper, we examine demographics of past participants of the ESA Education Office gravity-related opportunities over the past seven years and evaluate the benefits of these educational programmes for the participants’ studies and careers. Student teams that participated in one of the programmes between 2009 and 2013 were contacted to fill in a questionnaire. The feedback from the students demonstrate significant benefits extending far beyond the primary educational objectives of these programmes.
Mechanical forcing of water pressure in a hydraulically isolated reach beneath Western Greenland's ablation zone
Authors: Meierbachtol Toby W. , Harper Joel T. , Humphrey Neil F. , Wright Patrick J.
Published: May 2016

A suite of surface and basal measurements during and after borehole drilling is used to perform in situ investigation of the local basal drainage system and pressure forcing in western Greenland. Drill and borehole water temperature were monitored during borehole drilling, which was performed with dyed hot water. After drilling, borehole water pressure and basal dye concentration were measured concurrently with positions in a GPS strain diamond at the surface. Water pressure exhibited diurnal changes in antiphase with velocity. Dye monitoring in the borehole revealed stagnant basal water for nearly 2 weeks. The interpretation of initial connection to an isolated basal cavity is corroborated by the thermal signature of borehole water during hot water drilling. Measurement-based estimates of cavity size are on the order of cubic meters, and analysis indicates that small changes in its volume could induce the observed pressure variations. It is found that longitudinal coupling effects are unable to force necessary volume changes at the site. Sliding-driven basal cavity opening and elastic uplift from load transfer are plausible mechanisms controlling pressure variations. Elastic uplift requires forcing from a hydraulically connected reach, which observations suggest must be relatively small and in close proximity to the isolated cavity.
Aggression and violence around the world: A model of CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH)
Authors: Van Lange Paul A. M. , Rinderu Maria I. , Bushman Brad J.
Published: May 2016

Worldwide there are substantial differences within and between countries in aggression and violence. Although there are various exceptions, a general rule is that aggression and violence increase as one moves closer to the equator, which suggests the important role of climate differences. While this pattern is robust, theoretical explanations for these large differences in aggression and violence within countries and around the world are lacking. Most extant explanations focus on the influence of average temperature as a factor that triggers aggression (The General Aggression Model), or the notion that warm temperature allows for more social interaction situations (Routine Activity Theory) in which aggression is likely to unfold. We propose a new model, CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH), that helps us to understand differences within and between countries in aggression and violence in terms of differences in climate. Lower temperatures, and especially larger degrees of seasonal variation in climate, call for individuals and groups to adopt a slower life history strategy, a greater focus on the future (vs. present), and a stronger focus on self-control. The CLASH model further outlines that slow life strategy, future orientation, and strong self-control are important determinants of inhibiting aggression and violence. We also discuss how CLASH differs from other recently developed models that emphasize climate differences for understanding conflict. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and societal importance of climate in shaping individual and societal differences in aggression and violence.
Pottery and Politics: Making Sense of Pottery Traditions in Central Africa
Authors: Livingstone Smith Alexandre
Published: May 2016

The multiscalar analysis of pottery traditions in south central Africa opens a new perspective on the study of ancient polities. Focusing on an area of central Africa known for the existence of great kingdoms, I show how past political entities have left lingering traces in the cultural landscape and, more specifically, in the pottery traditions. As ceramics are one of the major tools in the archaeological arsenal, the way they can be related to political structures is of interest to archaeologists around the world. Analysing the chaîne opératoire of living pottery traditions, at an individual and regional level, I characterize the geographic extent of a series of technical behaviours. These technical domains fit with other aspects of society such as languages or matrimonial strategies, but also with economic and political aspects such as salt making and distribution networks and past political entities. They are the materialization of resilient social spaces created by ancient political entities.
Noise Pollution: Do We Need a Solution? An Analysis of Noise in a Cardiac Care Unit
Authors: Ryan Kevin M. , Gagnon Matthew , Hanna Tyler , Mello Brad , Fofana Mustapha , Ciottone Gregory , Molloy Michael
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Hospitals are meant to be places for respite and healing; however, technological advances and reliance on monitoring alarms has led to the environment becoming increasingly noisy. The coronary care unit (CCU), like the emergency department, provides care to ill patients while being vulnerable to noise pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) recommends that for optimum rest and healing, sound levels should average approximately 30 decibels (dB) with maximum readings less than 40 dB.

Problem

The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze sound levels in three different locations in the CCU, and to review alarm reports in relation to sound levels.

Methods

Over a one-month period, sound recorders (Extech SDL600; Extech Instruments; Nashua, New Hampshire USA) were placed in three separate locations in the CCU at the West Roxbury Veterans’ Administration (VA) Hospital (Roxbury, Massachusetts USA). Sound samples were recorded once per second, stored in Comma Separated Values format for Excel (Microsoft Corporation; Redmond, Washington USA), and then exported to Microsoft Excel. Averages were determined, plotted per hour, and alarm histories were reviewed to determine alarm noise effect on total noise for each location, as well as common alarm occurrences.

Results

Patient Room 1 consistently had the lowest average recordings, though all averages were >40 dB, despite decreases between 10:00pmand 7:00am. During daytime hours, recordings maintained levels >50 dB. Overnight noise remained above recommended levels 55.25% of the period in Patient Room 1 and 99.61% of the same time period in Patient Room 7. The nurses’ station remained the loudest location of all three. Alarms per hour ranged from 20-26 during the day. Alarms per day averaged: Patient Room 1-57.17, Patient Room 7-122.03, and the nurses’ station - 562.26. Oxygen saturation alarms accounted for 33.59% of activity, and heart-related (including ST segment and pacemaker) accounted for 49.24% of alarms.

Conclusion

The CCU cares for ill patients requiring constant monitoring. Despite advances in technology, measured noise levels for the hospital studied exceeded WHO standards of 40 dB and peaks of 45 dB, even during night hours when patients require rest. Further work is required to reduce noise levels and examine effects on patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and length of stay.

RyanKM,GagnonM,HannaT,MelloB,FofanaM,CiottoneG,MolloyM.Noise pollution: do we need a solution? An analysis of noise in a cardiac care unit.Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(4):432–435.
Nursing Home Self-assessment of Implementation of Emergency Preparedness Standards
Authors: Lane Sandi J. , McGrady Elizabeth
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Disasters often overwhelm a community’s capacity to respond and recover, creating a gap between the needs of the community and the resources available to provide services. In the wake of multiple disasters affecting nursing homes in the last decade, increased focus has shifted to this vital component of the health care system. However, the long-term care sector has often fallen through the cracks in both planning and response.

Problem

Two recent reports (2006 and 2012) published by the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Office of Inspector General (OIG), elucidate the need for improvements in nursing homes’ comprehensive emergency preparedness and response. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has developed an emergency preparedness checklist as a guidance tool and proposed emergency preparedness regulations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progress made in nursing home preparedness by determining the level of completion of the 70 tasks noted on the checklist. The study objectives were to: (1) determine the preparedness levels of nursing homes in North and South Carolina (USA), and (2) compare these findings with the 2012 OIG’s report on nursing home preparedness to identify current gaps.

Methods

A survey developed from the checklist of items was emailed to 418 North Carolina and 193 South Carolina nursing home administrators during 2014. One hundred seventeen were returned/“bounced back” as not received. Follow-up emails and phone calls were made to encourage participation. Sixty-three completed surveys and 32 partial surveys were received. Responses were compared to data obtained in a 2010 study to determine progress.

Results

Progress had been made in many of the overall planning and sheltering-in-place tasks, such as having contact information of local emergency managers as well as specifications for availability of potable water. Yet, gaps still persisted, especially in evacuation standards, interfacing with emergency management officials, establishing back-up evacuation sites and evacuation routes, identification of resident care items, and obtaining copies of state and local emergency planning regulations.

Conclusion

Nursing homes have made progress in preparedness tasks, however, gaps persist. Compliance may prove challenging for some nursing homes, but closer integration with emergency management officials certainly is a step in the right direction. Further research that guides evacuation or shelter-in-place decision making is needed in light of persistent challenges in completing these tasks.

LaneSJ, McGradyE. Nursing home self-assessment of implementation of emergency preparedness standards. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):422–431.
Intimate partner violence, common mental disorders and household food insecurity: an analysis using path analysis
Authors: Moraes Claudia Leite de , Marques Emanuele Souza , Reichenheim Michael Eduardo , Ferreira Marcela de Freitas , Salles-Costa Rosana
Published: May 2016

Objective

To investigate the direct and indirect associations between psychological and physical intimate partner violence and the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) and how they relate to the occurrence of household food insecurity (HFI).

Design

This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Intimate partner violence was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and HFI was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The propositional analytical model was based on a review of the literature and was tested using path analysis.

Setting

Duque de Caxias, Greater Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (April–December 2010).

Subjects

Women (n849) who had been in a relationship in the 12 months preceding the interview.

Results

Both psychological and physical violence were found to be major risk factors of HFI. Psychological violence was associated with HFI indirectly via physical violence and CMD, and directly by an unidentified path. The effects of physical violence seemed to be manifested exclusively through CMD. Most of the variables in the propositional model related to socio-economic position, demographic characteristics, degree of women’s social support and partner alcohol misuse were retained in the ‘final’ model, indicating that these factors contribute significantly to the increased likelihood of HFI.

Conclusions

The results reinforce the importance of considering domestic violence and other psychosocial aspects of family life when implementing interventions designed to reduce/eradicate HFI.
EXACT ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR THE FINAL EPIDEMIC SIZE OF AN SIR MODEL ON SMALL NETWORKS
Authors: MCCULLOCH K. , ROBERTS M. G. , LAING C. R.
Published: May 2016

We investigate the dynamics of a susceptible infected recovered (SIR) epidemic model on small networks with different topologies, as a stepping stone to determining how the structure of a contact network impacts the transmission of infection through a population. For an SIR model on a network of$N$nodes, there are$3^{N}$configurations that the network can be in. To simplify the analysis, we group the states together based on the number of nodes in each infection state and the symmetries of the network. We derive analytical expressions for the final epidemic size of an SIR model on small networks composed of three or four nodes with different topological structures. Differential equations which describe the transition of the network between states are also derived and solved numerically to confirm our analysis. A stochastic SIR model is numerically simulated on each of the small networks with the same initial conditions and infection parameters to confirm our results independently. We show that the structure of the network, degree of the initial infectious node, number of initial infectious nodes and the transmission rate all significantly impact the final epidemic size of an SIR model on small networks.
A broad band circularly polarized cross slot cavity back array antenna with sequentially rotated feed network for improving gain in X-band application
Authors: Fakheri Majid- , Naser-Moghadasi Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh Ramezan Ali-
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a new broad band circularly polarized slot antenna array based on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and aperture feeding techniques. The antenna element's impedance and 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths are from 8.8 to 10.4 GHz (16.67%) and 9.5–10.7 GHz (12%), respectively. Employing aperture-coupled feed and combining this method with sequentially rotated network, a 2 × 2 antenna array is achieved. Parametric optimization procedure is used to enhance the antenna specifications. In the presented scheme by reducing mutual coupling caused by the SIW technique and sequentially rotated feed network, all parameters of antenna are improved. Consequently a novel antenna array with impedance bandwidth of 2.8 GHz (8.7–11.5 GHz) and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 2.1 GHz (9–11.05 GHz) are obtained. The average gain of the proposed antenna is about 16.7 dBic. A new method is used to increase the gain of antenna array. The extracted result shows that side lob level, mutual coupling, impedance bandwidth, and performance of antenna simultaneously are controlled.
Academic Goals and Self-Handicapping Strategies in University Students
Authors: Ferradás María del Mar , Freire Carlos , Valle Antonio , Núñez José Carlos
Published: May 2016

In highly competitive settings like university, the fear of failure leads some students to protect their self-worth using self-handicapping strategies. The present investigation examines to what extent academic goals are related to those tactics in university students. Specifically, MANCOVA was applied to estimate statistical differences linked to behavioral and claimed self-handicapping strategies according to the level (high/medium/low) of four types of academic goal (achievement approach, achievement avoidance, mastery approach, and work avoidance). Degree, year in school, and gender were entered as covariates. 940 students (86.5% women) from University of A Coruña (M = 20.44; SD = 1.73) participated. Results show that: (a) both behavioral and claimed self-handicapping are promoted by ego-oriented goals (achievement avoidance, F(2, 937) = 23.56, p < .001, ηp2 = .048; achievement approach, F(2, 937) = 7.49, p < .001, ηp2 = .016); (b) work avoidance goals are related to behavioral self-handicapping (F(2, 937) = 9.09, p < .001, ηp2 = .019), but are not statistically linked to claimed self-handicapping; and (c) mastery approach goals are significantly, negatively related to both types of self-handicapping (F(2, 937) = 20.09, p < .001, ηp2 = .041). Psychological and educational implications of the findings are discussed.
Wollen und nicht können
Authors: Haldemann-Jenni Elisabeth , Fierz Katharina , Frei Irena Anna
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Malnutrition ist ein Phänomen, das bei Patient(inn)en in Gesundheitsinstitutionen häufig vorkommt und für die Betroffenen mit negativen gesundheitlichen Konsequenzen verbunden ist. In vielen Spitälern wurden deshalb Malnutritionsprogramme entwickelt und etabliert, jedoch in der Regel ohne die Perspektive der Betroffenen miteinzubeziehen. Ob ein Programm den tatsächlichen Bedürfnissen der Betroffenen entspricht, kann bis heute lediglich aus Alltagsgesprächen abgeleitet werden. Ziel: Deshalb war das Ziel der Studie, die Bedürfnisse von Betroffenen in Bezug auf ihr Malnutritionsmanagement und ihr Erleben der angebotenen Ernährungsinterventionen zu explorieren. Methode: Es wurde ein qualitativer, induktiver Ansatz gewählt. Von September 2011 bis Mai 2012 wurden mit acht Patient(inn)en leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt und nach Mayring inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Resultate: Die Patient(inn)en bewegten sich bei der Nahrungsaufnahme im Spannungsfeld zwischen «Wollen» und «Nicht können». Unter anderem erschwerten Schmerzen beim Kauen und Schlucken, Übelkeit oder verändertes Geschmacksempfinden die Nahrungsaufnahme. Daneben trafen Betroffene auf institutionelle Hindernisse, wie vorgegebene Essenszeiten und eine eingeschränkte Menüauswahl. Die Patient(inn)en bewältigten ihre Ernährungsprobleme mehrheitlich selber. Schlussfolgerungen: Pflegefachpersonen sollten befähigt werden, Patient(inn)en in ihrem Malnutritionsmanagement effektiver zu unterstützen. Zugleich sind institutionelle Hindernisse zu eliminieren, damit sich Patient(inn)en individueller ernähren können.
Unterstützung des Pflegeprozesses durch die elektronische Pflegeprozessdokumentation (UEPD)
Authors: Hediger Hannele , Müller-Staub Maria , Petry Heidi
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Elektronische Pflegedokumentationssysteme mit hinterlegter standardisierter Pflegefachsprache erfassen den Pflegeprozess IT-gestützt. Sie haben das Potenzial, die Qualität der Dokumentation des Pflegeprozesses zu verbessern und die Pflegenden in dessen Durchführung zu unterstützen. Fragestellung/Ziel: Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Entwicklung und erste Validierung eines Instruments (UEPD), das die subjektiv wahrgenommene Unterstützung Pflegender in der Umsetzung des Pflegeprozesses durch eine elektronische Pflegeprozessdokumentation misst. Methode: Die Validität des UEPD wurde anhand einer Evaluationsstudie in einem Krankenhaus (n = 94) in der Deutschschweiz untersucht. Die psychometrische Testung des Instruments wurde anhand einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die ersten Hinweise zur Validität des Instruments konnten vorgestellt werden. Die Analyse ergab eine stabile vier Faktorenstruktur (FS = 0,89) mit 25 Items, die Faktorladungen ≥ 0,50 aufwiesen. Die Skalen zeigten hohe interne Konsistenzen (Cronbachs α = 0,73 – 0,90). Die Hauptkomponentenanalyse zeigte folgende vier Dimensionen der Unterstützung: Beim Stellen von Pflegediagnosen und -zielen; beim Erfassen von Anamnese/Assessment und im Dokumentieren des Pflegeprozesses; in der Implementierung und Evaluation sowie im Informationsaustausch. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse sollen in größeren Stichproben sowie mit verschiedenen Dokumentationssystemen weitergetestet werden. In einem weiteren Schritt könnte das UEPD zum Vergleich verschiedener elektronischer Dokumentationssysteme eingesetzt werden.
A water splitting system using an organo-photocathode and titanium dioxide photoanode capable of bias-free H2 and O2 evolution
Authors: Abe Toshiyuki , Fukui Katsuma , Kawai Yuto , Nagai Keiji , Kato Hideki
Published: May 2016

This study examined a water-splitting system comprising a TiO2 photoanode and an organo-photocathode consisting of a p–n bilayer.
The reaction mechanism for the SCR process on monomer V5+sites and the effect of modified Brønsted acidity
Authors: Arnarson Logi , Falsig Hanne , Rasmussen Søren B. , Lauritsen Jeppe V. , Moses Poul Georg
Published: May 2016

The energetics, structures and activity of a monomeric VO3H/TiO2(001) catalyst are investigated for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction by the use of density functional theory (DFT).
Light management in plastic–paper hybrid substrate towards high-performance optoelectronics
Authors: Yao Yonggang , Tao Jinsong , Zou Jianhua , Zhang Bilun , Li Tian , Dai Jiaqi , Zhu Mingwei , Wang Sha , Fu Kun Kelvin , Henderson Doug , Hitz Emily , Peng Junbiao , Hu Liangbing
Published: May 2016

We integrated plastic into mesoporous paper to achieve a new type of substrate plastic–paper for high performance optoelectronics.