bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendampingan Pengisian SPT Tahunan Tahun 2021 Bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Sari Dian Purnama , Lasdi Lodovicus , Shanti Shanti , Hartanto Susanna , Kristina Natalia
Published: March 2023

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu membantu Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (WPOP) yang mengalami kesulitan dalam melaporkan SPT Tahunan. Metode kegiatan ini adalah melakukan pendampingan dan konsultasi secara langsung kepada WPOP melalui media zoom karena masih dalam masa pandemi. Pendampingan dilakukan untuk masing-masing WPOP. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah WPOP dapat melaporkan SPT Tahunan 2021 mereka sesuai dengan perubahan yang terjadi di tahun 2022, dengan benar dan tepat waktu. Pendampingan dan konsultasi juga membantu WPOP untuk mengatasi permasalahan perpajakan yang dialami WPOP.
Pengaturan Wewenang, Tugas dan Fungsi Badan Permusyawaratan Desa di Desa Marga Dauh Puri
Authors: Adi Putra I Gede , Saravistha Deli Bunga
Published: March 2023

Penyelenggaran Pemerintahan Desa akan tersusun dan terarah dengan baik bahkan lebih maju apabila di berbagai lapisan masyarakat desa memiliki kesadaran terhadap Pemerintahan Desa yang di dampingin Badan Pemusyawaratan Desa (BPD). Sehingga seluruh masyarakat akan terwakili kepentinganya untuk mencapai Pemerintahan Desa yang demokratis, jujur, bersih dan bebas dari KKN. Dengan demikian penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa termasuk Desa Marga Dauh Puri haruslah mengacu pada peraturan pemerintah yang ditetapkan yakni sesuai dengan Undang-UndangNo23 Tahun 2014 TentangPemerintahan Daerah, Undang-UndangNomor 6 Tahun 2014 TentangDesa, Undang-Undang No 12 Tahun 2005 Tentang ICCPR  dan Permendagri Nomor 110 Tahun 2016, Pasal 32 Tentang Badan Pemusyawaratan Desamengingatkan adanya sistem pemerintahan agar lebih efektif dan efisien serta demokrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Hukum Empiris yang akan mendeskripsikan Tugas dan Fungsi Badan PemrusyawaratanDesa dalam menjunjung tinggi nilai demokrasi di Desa Marga DauhPuri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris. Setelah data terkumpul maka dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang desa pasal 55  dijabarkan tentang fungsi Badan Permusyawaratan Desa Sampai dengan saat ini BPD telah dapat menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya meskipun masih dalam taraf orientasi, terbukti sejak 2019-2022 BPD Bersama Pemerintah Desa Marga Dauh Puri telah berhasil membuat 28 Perdes , dan Pembangunan di Banjar Ole dan Banjar Kelaci. Dari hasil penelitian diatas peran BPD dalam menampung dan menyalurkan aspirasi masyarakat di Desa Marga Dauh Puri, semua jawaban menunjukkan kearah yang baik. BPD dituntut untuk melakukan perannya antara lain mengenalkan nilai-nilai demokrasi Pancasila kepada masyarakat desa pada umumnya dan pelaksanaan pemerintahan desa pada khususnya.
Memaksimalkan Sosial Media Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Produk Home Industri
Authors: Pekerti Luh Gede Putri Kusuma
Published: March 2023

Kukuh Village is one of the villages located in Kerambitan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. One of the home industry entrepreneurs in Kukuh Village is now using banana tree midrib which can be processed as a snack for banana stem chips. Banana stem chips are one of the unique snacks known in Bali as Gedebong Chips. The home industry players who make banana midrib chips have difficulty in marketing the products they produce, so that not many people know about this  banana stem chips. Social media is one of the tools used in marketing products digitally to increase sales. Whether it's through social media Instagram, facebook, whatsapp, tik tok and other social media. The method of implementing this activity provides counseling and direct practice to home industry business actors regarding how to use social media and how to market products. This community service aims to maximize the use of social media in increasing sales of home industry products for banana stem chips.
Clinical and diagnostic features of uncontrolled hypertension and including hypertensive crisis
Authors: Solntseva T. D. , Sivakova O. A. , Chazova I. E.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To study clinical and diagnostic data, risk factors, the state of target organs damage (TOD) and prevalence of clinical associated conditions in patients with a hypertensive crisis and uncontrolled arterial hypertension.

Materials and methods. The study included 297 patients hospitalized at the E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology over the period from September 2019 to March 2022 with the presence of uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure (BP) above 140/90 mm Hg while taking antihypertensive therapy). Patients were spread into two groups depending on the increase in the frequency of BP: group 1 (n=149) – uncontrolled hypertension with a hypertensive crisis (increase in BP 1 or more per week and/or the presence of severe clinical symptoms), and group 2 (n=148) – uncontrolled hypertension (increase in blood pressure more than 140/90 mm Hg less than 1 per week and/ or without severe clinical symptoms). The presence of risk factors in these groups was analyzed. At the baseline and after 12 months, the presence and severity of TOD (left ventricular mass index (LVMI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), severe retinopathy), history of/occurrence of clinical associated conditions were assessed.

Results. There are significant elevated levels of uric acid, triglycerides, body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure indicators among the risk factors in the group of patients with hypertensive crisis. Patients in the group 1 showed higher rates of LVMI at the baseline and during follow-up for 12 months (baseline – 107±28 g/m2, after a year of follow-up 112±27 g/m2). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is lower in patients with hypertensive crisis (initially – 81.5±19.04 ml/min/1.73m2, after 12 months of observation 74.8±18.06 ml/min/1.73m2). There are significant differences in coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) among clinical associated conditions. After 12 months of observation, acute cerebrovascular accident, coronary artery disease and diabetes occur more often in group 1.

Conclusion. Uncontrolled hypertension with a hypertensive crisis manifestation is a release of hypertension associated with severe TOD and a high prevalence of clinical associated conditions.
A REVIEW OF THIN-WALLED BUILT-UP CROSS-SECTION ASSEMBLIES
Authors: Stulpinas Mantas
Published: March 2023

The goal of this research is to review the methods of assembly of the thin-walled built-up cross-sections, cross-section shapes and shape selection reasons. Different author’s experimental studies of the thin-walled built-up cross-sections of various lengths and shapes have been reviewed. The cross-section of the thin-walled built-up columns is assembled by connecting two or more profiles at their webs or flanges. The cross-section can be assembled indirectly – by using intermediate plates. The connections of the profiles and plates can be self-drilling screws, bolts, rivets or welds. The step of the thin-walled profile connections has an impact to the load bearing resistance of the cross-section. The increase to the load bearing capacity of the cross-section can be up to 16% when profiles without stiffeners are connected with a smaller connection step. The effect to the load bearing resistance of the decrease of the connection step length of the thin-walled cross-sections made of profiles with stiffeners was insignificant and sometimes unfavourable. Different cross-sections were analysed, and their effectiveness was compared. The more effective were cross-sections with a higher cross-section height and width, assembled of profiles with web and flange stiffeners. The ratio of the strength of the axial compression to the cross-section area of the built-up columns can be up to 80% higher when built-up cross-section is assembled using profiles with stiffeners, compared to the built-up cross-sections assembled using profiles without stiffeners.
CEERS Key Paper. I. An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
Authors: Finkelstein Steven L. , Bagley Micaela B. , Ferguson Henry C. , Wilkins Stephen M. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Papovich Casey , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Arrabal Haro Pablo , Behroozi Peter , Dickinson Mark , Kocevski Dale D. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Larson Rebecca L. , Le Bail Aurélien , Morales Alexa M. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Burgarella Denis , Davé Romeel , Hirschmann Michaela , Somerville Rachel S. , Wuyts Stijn , Bromm Volker , Casey Caitlin M. , Fontana Adriano , Fujimoto Seiji , Gardner Jonathan P. , Giavalisco Mauro , Grazian Andrea , Grogin Norman A. , Hathi Nimish P. , Hutchison Taylor A. , Jha Saurabh W. , Jogee Shardha , Kewley Lisa J. , Kirkpatrick Allison , Long Arianna S. , Lotz Jennifer M. , Pentericci Laura , Pierel Justin D. R. , Pirzkal Nor , Ravindranath Swara , Ryan Russell E. , Trump Jonathan R. , Yang Guang , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bisigello Laura , Buat Véronique , Calabrò Antonello , Castellano Marco , Cleri Nikko J. , Cooper M. C. , Croton Darren , Daddi Emanuele , Dekel Avishai , Elbaz David , Franco Maximilien , Gawiser Eric , Holwerda Benne W. , Huertas-Company Marc , Jaskot Anne E. , Leung Gene C. K. , Lucas Ray A. , Mobasher Bahram , Pandya Viraj , Tacchella Sandro , Weiner Benjamin J. , Zavala Jorge A.
Published: March 2023

We present an investigation into the first 500 Myr of galaxy evolution from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. CEERS, one of 13 JWST ERS programs, targets galaxy formation from z ∼ 0.5 to >10 using several imaging and spectroscopic modes. We make use of the first epoch of CEERS NIRCam imaging, spanning 35.5 arcmin2, to search for candidate galaxies at z > 9. Following a detailed data reduction process implementing several custom steps to produce high-quality reduced images, we perform multiband photometry across seven NIRCam broad- and medium-band (and six Hubble broadband) filters focusing on robust colors and accurate total fluxes. We measure photometric redshifts and devise a robust set of selection criteria to identify a sample of 26 galaxy candidates at z ∼ 9–16. These objects are compact with a median half-light radius of ∼0.5 kpc. We present an early estimate of the z ∼ 11 rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function, finding that the number density of galaxies at M
UV ∼ −20 appears to evolve very little from z ∼ 9 to 11. We also find that the abundance (surface density [arcmin−2]) of our candidates exceeds nearly all theoretical predictions. We explore potential implications, including that at z > 10, star formation may be dominated by top-heavy initial mass functions, which would result in an increased ratio of UV light per unit halo mass, though a complete lack of dust attenuation and/or changing star formation physics may also play a role. While spectroscopic confirmation of these sources is urgently required, our results suggest that the deeper views to come with JWST should yield prolific samples of ultrahigh-redshift galaxies with which to further explore these conclusions.
A New Limit on Intergalactic Magnetic Fields on Subkiloparsec Scales from Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Padmanabhan Hamsa , Loeb Abraham
Published: March 2023

We use the measured scattering timescales of fast radio bursts (FRBs) from the CHIME catalog to derive an upper limit on the magnetic field on subkiloparsec scales in the intergalactic medium (IGM). A nonmagnetized, photoionized IGM is insufficient to explain the turbulent scattering at all redshifts, with a warm-hot component being marginally consistent with the data at z ∼ 1. Accounting for the lower envelope of the temporal smearing distribution with a nonzero magnetic field leads to upper limits B < 10–30 nG on scales of 0.07–0.20 kpc in the IGM at z ∼ 1–2. Our work introduces a novel technique to constrain small-scale magnetic fields in the IGM, in a regime unexplored by the rotation and dispersion measures of FRBs.
Microhabitat sharing for basking between squamate species in Poland
Authors: Zdunek Przemysław , Jarmoliński Maksymilian
Published: March 2023

Aggregations (e.g. group basking) by snakes are usually limited to specific life cycle phases (e.g. mating) or are a consequence of drastic environmental changes (e.g. habitat destruction), high prey densities or highly limited resources within an environment (e.g. basking sites, wintering dens). Here, we report intra- and interspecific observations of four reptile species (primarily Natrix natrix and Vipera berus) sharing basking sites at the confluence of the rivers Dunajec and Poprad near the town of Stary Sącz in southern Poland. From a total of 84 records in the field between 2020–2022, there were 11 interactions from 24 July 2020 to 1 May 2022. Previous studies have indicated direct competition or interference in many species, which we did not observe. There is a noticeable lack of such observations of microhabitat sharing for basking between squamate species in scientific literature. Hence, the accumulation of such observations has the potential to reveal new insights into the behaviour and ecology of N. natrix and V. berus.
An Econometric Assessment of the “Punishment” for Singlehood in Russia: Risks or New Opportunities in Life?
Authors: Akhtemzyanov Rafael A.
Published: March 2023

The paper focuses on the effect of having a marriage partner on health and well-being of Russians as compared with their single compatriots. The health status variation between those who are married and those who are single can be explained both by the protective effect of marriage and marriage selection. Using the Cox proportional hazards model on the self-perceived health data from the RLMS 2004-2019 individual questionnaire, while controlling for socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and living arrangements, we have found that the protective effect of marriage is non‑existent in men, except for a short-term impact of marital transitions. Women are “punished” for their singlehood due to a lack of a partner in their young age, or being in an unregistered union, or the loss of a breadwinner spouse at the age of 50 to 64. In contrast, women over 65 benefit from singlehood.
Multi-flexible integrated scheduling algorithm for multi-flexible integrated scheduling problem with setup times
Authors: Yang Dan , Xie Zhiqiang , Zhang Chunting
Published: March 2023

To address the multi-flexible integrated scheduling problem with setup times, a multi-flexible integrated scheduling algorithm is put forward. First, the operation optimization allocation strategy, based on the principle of the relatively long subsequent path, is proposed to assign the operations to idle machines. Second, the parallel optimization strategy is proposed to adjust the scheduling of the planned operations and machines to make the processing as parallel as possible and reduce the no-load machines. Then, the flexible operation determination strategy is combined with the above two strategies to determine the dynamic selection of the flexible operations as the planned operations. Finally, a potential operation preemptive strategy is proposed to judge whether the planned operations will be interrupted by other operations during their processing. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the multi-flexible integrated scheduling with setup times, and it can also better solve the flexible integrated scheduling problem.
Proyecto FOCARIS, habitar la Luna
Authors: Eid-Macheh-Sánchez Yasmina , García-Valverde Juanjo , Martínez-Frías Jesús , Blanca-Giménez Vicente
Published: March 2023

Contar con nuevos hábitats frente a la colonización de otros planetas surge de la motivación innata en los seres humanos de “traspasar fronteras”, llevando implícita la persecución del avance científico, tecnológico y sociocultural por medio del estudio y puesta en marcha de nuestras capacidades junto a la búsqueda de desarrollo. Así, Stephen Hawking encontraba necesario “ir donde nadie ha ido nunca aún”, con el fin de poder sobrevivir frente a “peligros y desastres” múltiples. En este sentido, proyectar y construir en base a las necesidades de máxima seguridad, confort, y mínimo consumo energético se hace necesario para cumplir, como decía Alvar Aalto (pionero en la arquitectura moderna), con “las plenas exigencias de una sociedad positiva”. Reflexiones estas, que ayudaron a plantear uno de los diez hábitats finalistas de un concurso internacional para el diseño de un futuro hábitat extraterrestre pensado con el fin de albergar vida humana en nuestro satélite, la Luna, denominada FOCARIS.
Video Watermarking With Digital Signature and Fingerprinting
Authors: Gupta Milan , Yan Wei Qi
Published: March 2023

A digital watermark, which is embedded in an image sequence or video frames as the form of a binary string or visual logo, is a small size of visible data. Thus, the quality of embedded videos is often slashed due to the watermarking. Comparative video watermarking is a highly innovative method that was designed to unravel this issue. In this chapter, the authors make use of singular value decomposition (SVD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for video watermarking; the authors employed inverse transform (IDWT) to extract the video watermark. The digital signature is also utilised to increase the authenticity of watermarks and verify any changes. The authors combine this approach with digital fingerprinting as well as to get the improved results. Throughout the designed attacks, the merits of the new watermarking paradigm such as robustness, convergence, and stability are attained with security and authenticity by calculating the metrics such as MSE, PSNR, entropy, SSIM, etc.
The Use of Antibiotics in Dairy Farming
Authors: Leite Wendell Queiroz , Severino Mariane de Freitas Genari , Vicente Eduardo Festozo
Published: March 2023

The dairy chain is remarkably important in mammals' nutrition, highlighting the human food through the production of milk and its derivatives. Thus, antibiotics have become essential for life and health maintenance of animals, being widely used for treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. However, antimicrobial resistance resulted from uncontrolled usage of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes and animal growth promoter. The challenge of antimicrobial resistance and persistence of antibiotic residues in milk still occurs, which presents a potential risk to human and animal health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop alternative strategies to overcome the inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially for dairy farming. Thus, this chapter intends to raise awareness and clarify issues related to the use of antibiotics in dairy cattle, the major problems of antimicrobial resistance, residues in milk, and to report about the main alternative solutions to the use of conventional antibiotics in dairy production with scientific studies.
Sewing Voice
Authors: Miara Lisa
Published: March 2023

At the beginning of August 2014, the army of ISIS executed a genocide of the Yezidi (Yazidi) people of the Sinjar province in Iraq. Thousands of older adults and men were brutally murdered, and thousands of young women and girls were forced into sex slavery. In 2015, the author founded the Spring of Hope Foundation Center and has been working since with the deeply traumatized escapees and released women and children on rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Many attempts were made by professionals to coax the women and girls to speak about their experiences and tell their stories in order to lift some of the burden on their souls, but to no avail. However, when the women themselves brought up the idea of sewing, it was taken up as a literacy practice that was used to assist the women and girls to cope with their traumas, raise their silenced voices, communicate their stories, and find agency as they tried to become functioning members of the community.
A Visualization Analysis of Literature on Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications With VOSviewer
Authors: Wan Yan , Liu Xiaoxiao , Chau Ka Yin
Published: March 2023

Blockchain technology has been widely used in the field of healthcare. In order to investigate the current status, hot topics, and research trends of blockchain technology in healthcare application, this study uses VOSviewer visualization software and web database as the data base to present a systematic review of the blockchain technology application in healthcare industry. The aim is to help scholars catch up with research trends, find future research orientations, and research partners for further research.
The Secret Sauce to Blockchain Technology
Authors: Badadare Vidya Laxmikant , Kamath Rajani S. , Shaikh Akhtar M.
Published: March 2023

Today, blockchain technology has become the verdict for almost all sectors including Healthcare. Blockchain technology confides in a distributed and decentralized ledger model. Axiomatically blockchain is more protected and robust as compared to the centralized models which are at present used in various systems. In simple words, blockchain technology is a distributed and immutable record of digital events which is shared from point to point between various participants. This chapter portrays key aspects of blockchain technologies, its characteristic features, and frameworks. Authors have presented the conceptual framework for electronic health record management using consortium blockchain.
Conceptual Elements of Institutional Participatory Governance
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Mora-Pérez Cesar Omar , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the conceptual elements of institutional participatory governance from an institutional perspective. It is assumed that the efforts to increase institutional participation in governance through the inclusion of minority groups may lead to fairer and more responsive government. The analysis is also based on the assumption that participation models applied to institutions as legal and political instruments to foster regional mobilization and citizenship participation lead to the merging of the concepts of institutions, participation, and governance. The method employed is the analytic sustained on the reflection of the theoretical and empirical literature. It is concluded that the conceptual framework of institutional participation in governance is related to projects focusing on the domains of politics of life issues and concerns.
Institutional Participatory Governance Policies and Strategies
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Rodríguez-Maillard Carlos , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the implications of policies and strategies for an institutional participatory governance framework. It begins by assuming the relevance of the policy analysis leading to the design and implementation of policies and strategies which have an effect on institutional participatory governance. The method employed is the analytic-descriptive used to develop reflective thinking based on the theoretical, conceptual, and empirical literature. After a careful policy analysis, it is concluded that the design and implementation of policies and strategies are critical to developing an institutional participatory governance framework.
Adaptive Incident Response Plans for Cyber Resilience in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kraus Vincent Lennard
Published: March 2023

This study addresses the lack of cyber-security present in a small petrol station, with a supermarket on the inside, in Dorset, England. A mixed-methods approach is implemented to create a more in-depth study to gather as much information as possible. Suggestions for implementing anti-virus software or the appropriate firewall setup are provided to enhance those problem areas. Detailed evidence for gathered information in the process is included. The solution addresses the problem by tackling the lack of cyber-security and incident response at the enterprise by providing the company with a detailed and industrial standard incident response plan. The plan consists of contact details, steps in the response process, and additional steps for some of the most likely cyber-attacks in retail, such as ransomware. A conclusion consisting of future improvements and drawbacks to set objectives and success criteria is given.
Cybercrime as a Sustained Business
Authors: Nobles Calvin , Burton Sharon L. , Burrell Darrell Norman
Published: March 2023

While cybercrime continues to challenge governments, businesses, and people, cybercriminals are harvesting massive payoffs by engaging in malicious operations. A significant impediment to countering cybercrime is the lack of a standardized definition of cybercrime that transcends international boundaries and hegemonic societies. The extensive taxing on law enforcement organizations to pursue cybercrime across international borders contributes to normalizing cybercrime as a sustained business. As cybercrime evolves and challenges traditional defenses, new types of cybercrime are engineered as digitalization and internet-based activity increase. Unfortunately, policies, policing, legal authorities, and prosecution of cybercrime trail the escalating cybercriminal activity. Cybercriminals are mimicking traditional business models to offer nefarious services such as cybercrime-as-a-service and customer service support. Until progressive action with legal authorization is manifested by international and national organizations, cybercrime will be a sustained business for cybercriminals.
Application of Nanotechnology for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Seth Arkadyuti
Published: March 2023

Nanotechnology is the study of sub-micron particles (nm). Nanotechnology is today's most advanced technology. Nanotechnology has a favorable impact on sustainable development and global warming/climate change. Recycling garbage and removing pollutants from soil and water are two further uses. Bio-based nanoparticles have replaced synthetic chemicals and hazardous metals in industry. The increasing digitalization of the economy is driving demand for ecologically sustainable 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterial microchips. Nanoparticles have a high surface-to-volume ratio and can communicate different properties. Nanotechnology can help achieve Zero hunger, good health and well-being, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, responsible consumption and production, and climate action.
Intelligent Nanoparticles for Antibiotics Sensing
Authors: Munawar Anam , Riaz Ahsan , Buzdar Zulfiqar Ali , Jawad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Nanosensors are acquiring expanding consideration because of the need to identify and quantify synthetic and actual properties in hard to arrive at natural and modern frameworks that are in the nano-scale locale. The overviews of different sensors based on nanomaterials, arranged into three expansive categories, are: mechanical, electromagnetic, and optical nanosensors. Nanotechnology has led to the synthesis of nanostructures having unique properties like morphology, conductance, and optical properties. Nanostructures provide increased surface for reactivity and transduction signal due to increase in surface area to volume ratio. Herein, the authors are discussing different nanomaterials; composites which is applied for exceedingly selective detection of analytes. The detecting ideas and their comparing benefits are talked about concerning their applications.
Nano-Structured Spinel Ferrites and Their Applications as Antimicrobial Agents, Gas Sensors, and Dye Adsorbents
Authors: Hathiya Laxmi J. , Joshi Hiren H.
Published: March 2023

Ferrites−the electro-ceramic materials have been considered highly important magnetic materials for more than half a century. The crystal structure of ferrimagnetic oxides falls into one of the following categories: spinel, magnetoplumbite(hexagonal), garnet, and orthoferrite. The development of spinel ferrite nanoparticles (SFNPs) has become more popular owing to their fascinating properties, such as their potential adsorption properties, superparamagnetic behavior, high stability, high value of resistivity, saturation magnetization, coercivity, low power losses, and ease of functionalization. These advantageous features make them suitable for use in various applications. This chapter aims to discuss the structure, general properties, and some recent applications of spinel ferrites. Commonly used synthesis techniques for nanocrystalline ferrites are discussed. The applications of nano-structured ferrites like antimicrobial activity, gas sensors, and dye degradation are discussed.
Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG)
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kumar Prashant
Published: March 2023

A cluster of silicate minerals known as garnet is widely used as abrasives and gemstones, has now found an application as smart nonmaterial. The garnet possesses a unique feature of having different chemical composition with similar crystal form and physical properties. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) also popularly known as iron yttrium oxide, is an example of lab grown garnet. It can have chemical composition of Y3Fe5O1 or Y3Fe2(FeO4). The YIG exhibits a ferrimagnetic nature, with a Curie temperature of 560 K. The chapter focuses on the research around YIG with a mention on fabrication methods and applications.
Effect of Carbon-Based Composites in Fast-Charging Battery Technologies
Authors: Ullah Kefayat , Khan Bakht Mand , Khan Fawad , Oh Won Chun
Published: March 2023

The need for electric vehicles and other portable devices globally, advancements in charging technologies, are inflection points in the evolution of upcoming batteries. The proper engineering of electrodes are essential for stability, lifetime and cyclability. Several materials have high theoretical capacity i.e Na, Al, Li are desirable for next generation fast charging batteries. However there are some drawbacks such as low columbic efficiency, dendrite growth and volume expansion restricting their practical applications. We organized many scheme and strategies for the engineering of these metal electrodes and electrolytes. The effect of many composite structure were found to improve the stability and cyclability. The carbon derivatives specially graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotube's, carbon fiber, graphite and their composites were studies and found to be the most suitable candidates for making the anode composite for better electrochemical performance of fast charging batteries.
Nanoparticles as Fillers in Composites for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Shielding
Authors: Prabhu Srilakshmi , Bubbly S. G.  , Gudennavar Shivappa B.
Published: March 2023

In last few decades, nanomaterials have gained enormous attention in the scientific industry due to their tunable physico-chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. In particular, nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for their usefulness in X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications. Various elements and compounds, with high atomic numbers and effective atomic numbers respectively, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer remarkable enhancement in the shielding performance. Composites, obtained by doping different nanoparticles into structural matrices (concrete, glass, or polymers), not only possess striking thermo-mechanical properties but also are effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead shields. This review is an attempt to throw light on various aspects of nanoparticles and their influence on shielding effectiveness. The authors also summarize the experimental findings so as to highlight the potential underlying the radiation-matter interaction mechanism in nanostructured systems.
Piezoelectric Smart Materials and Commercialization
Authors: Saha Rahul , Mishra Ridipt , Dhara Avijit , Chakravorty Abir , Roy Subhasis
Published: March 2023

This chapter provides an exhaustive review of piezoelectric smart materials and their applications for commercialization with the addition of recent research and breakthroughs. Piezoelectric smart materials convert electrical signals into mechanical stresses and vice versa. They are remarkably used in energy harvesting from different processes and diverse human activities. Piezoelectric materials are convenient, readily available, adaptable, and have a speedy recurrence reaction time. Smart piezoelectric actuators embedded into adaptive structures are significant. Recent progress in their applications is evident in the versatile smart wings present in an aircraft, since they correlate with the overall effectiveness. In addition, a wide range of industrial applications, for example, diesel fuel injectors, quick responding solenoids, optical lenses, mechanical technology, vibrational damping, etc., utilize piezoelectric actuators. Further, this chapter aims to address the latest improvements in piezoelectric materials in connection to the realm of nanotechnology.
A Study of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) E-Waste Recycling Process
Authors: Selvakumar S , Adithe Sarma , Isaac J. Samson , Pradhan Raghuram , Venkatesh V. , Sampath B.
Published: March 2023

One of the waste sources that is growing the quickest globally is electronic garbage. Metal deoxidation and the loss of carbon in the gaseous fraction were inhibited by inert atmospheres. The composition, hazardous and toxic components of various e-wastes are explained. The concentration of precious metals in printed circuit boards (PCBs) makes them a significant source of metals. The metallic phases were discovered to include notable concentrations of Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt. In very small amounts, precious metals were found in the carbons and oxides of non-metallic fraction. Copper-based alloys and carbon resources were successfully recovered through high-temperature pyrolysis. Additionally, this method reduced the amount of material that needed to be managed and processed further. Recycling e-waste should improve metal recovery, preserve natural resources, and offer a solution that is environmentally sustainable.
Sustainable Water Management in Kalu River Basin of Sri Lanka: Comparison of Watershed Yield Computations for Water Security
Authors: Siriwardana S. T. , Wijesekera N. T. S.
Published: March 2023

Irrigation reservoir design associated with ungauged watersheds requires reliable watershed streamflow estimations. In practice, designs are either based on the empirical model of Irrigation Department guideline or based on recent conceptual mathematical models. Use of empirical models require appropriate design levels for the calculation of design streamflow. Popular mathematical models require adequate guidance for the application of safety factors to the model outputs. The two aspects that need attention are, the reliability of streamflow estimations by models and the incorporation of safety factors when converting model outputs as design streamflow. The main gap in the literature is a critical evaluation of the importance of these two factors with real-life applications. The authors, in a review paper, identified that best available method for yield estimation is the Irrigation Department Guideline Method (IGM) but pointed to the necessity of verification with field observations. Accordingly, the present study compared the most commonly used IGM, HEC HMS and the Unit Hydrograph method (UH) models by carrying out an evaluation of yield estimation in Kalu Ganga watershed at Ellagawa. This study, while focusing on the availability of model parameters for streamflow assessments in ungauged watersheds, aimed at the demonstration of a comparison in a watershed which has data and established model parameters. It is expected that this model demonstration would facilitate the selection of an appropriate yield estimation model not only in wet zone but also the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Spreadsheet models were developed for each method while using literature reported model parameters and incorporating best engineering judgment. Comparison of model estimations with observed data was done for annual and seasonal water balance, and for flow duration curves, while using Mean Ratio of Absolute Error (MRAE) as the numerical indicator. Evaluation of outputs from the three methods showed that the IGM estimates of monthly yield estimations closely matched with the observed data. MRAE for Overall Hydrograph, in-case of IGM, HEC HMS, UH methods were 0.35, 0.58 and 0.4, respectively. The necessity of incorporating yield thresholds for modern hydrological models and updating of available guidelines were highlighted. The study revealed the necessity of establishing design guides for selection of model parameters when computing streamflow in ungauged watersheds.
IGM with guidance for parameters was recognized as the best model amongst the selected for monthly yield estimation. HEC and UH results create significant ambiguities when compared with IGM because of the unreliability associated with the selection of processes and parameters. This study pointed to the necessity of considering safety factors, as clearly pointed out in Irrigation Department guidelines. This is vital when using modern mathematical models.
Soil Based Adsorption Media for Permeable Reactive Barriers to Adsorb Lead (Pb2+) & Cadmium (Cd2+)
Authors: Thilakarathna W. A. H. R. , Jayathilake A. M. D. C. K. , Kobbakaduwa W. D. D. K. , Paranavithana G. N. , Udamulla K. M. L. A.
Published: March 2023

Groundwater contamination is one of the predominant environmental problems in Sri Lanka and it is suspected as one of the unseen factors of the country’s widespread kidney disease. Heavy metals Cadmium (Cd2+) and Lead (Pb2+) are two potentially harmful contaminants found in polluted groundwater samples in Sri Lanka. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is an on-site, costeffective and efficient groundwater heavy metal remediation technique. However, the effectiveness of the PRB system is highly dependent on the characteristics of the reactive materials being used. Accordingly, Rendzina soil (Hunugala series), Reddish Brown earth soil (Nonagama series), Reddish brown latosolic soil (Melsiripura series), and Bog Soil (Wagura series) were selected based on the basic soil properties which were found by previous researchers. Sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, and Procter compaction tests were carried out to determine the physical properties of the selected soils. The batch tests were carried out to determine the absorption rate of heavy metals, namely, Lead (Pb2+) and Cadmium (Cd2+), and to assess the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption characteristics of the selected reactive materials. The results reveal that the Rendzima soil is the most suitable reactive material out of all the reactive materials tested.
Associations of rs1799794 and rs1799796 polymorphisms with risk of breast cancer
Authors: Niu Heng , Yang Jingyu , Chen Xin
Published: March 2023

Background:

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the rs1799794 and rs1799796 polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) in relation to breast cancer susceptibility.

Materials and Methods:

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for eligible studies published until June 24, 2019. All analyses were carried out using Stata 14.0 software. Subgroup analyses were performed according to cancer types, ethnicity, source of controls, and method.

Results:

Our meta-analysis included articles reporting 13 studies of SNP rs1799794 and seven articles reporting 10 studies of SNP rs1799796. Overall, significant associations were observed between the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the dominant model and heterozygote model (GG + AG vs. AA: odds ratio [OR] =1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.11, P = 0.037, I
2= 47%; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, P = 0.006, I
2= 42.3%) and between the XRCC3 rs1799796 polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the homozygote model (GG vs. AA: OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99, P = 0.021, I
2= 33.3%).

Conclusions:

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the variant G allele of the XRCC3 rs1799794 polymorphism is a low-penetrant risk factor for developing breast cancer, whereas the variant G allele of the XRCC3 rs1799796 polymorphism has a protective effect against breast cancer development.
Collagen Type V Alpha 2 Promotes the Development of Gastric Cancer via M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Guo Xin , Bu Xiaoqian , Yuan Li , Ji Lina
Published: March 2023

Gastric cancer is a type of digestive tract cancer with a high morbidity and mortality, which leads to a major health burden worldwide. More research into the functions of the immune system will improve therapy and survival in gastric cancer patients. We attempted to identify potential biomarkers or targets in gastric cancer via bioinformatical analysis approaches. Three gene expression profile datasets (GSE79973, GSE103236, and GSE118916) of gastric tissue samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. There were 65 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from three microarrays. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were carried out for the key functions and pathways enriched in the DEGs. Then, ten hub genes were identified by protein–protein interaction network. In addition, we observed that collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) was linked to gastric cancer prognosis as well as M2 macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, COL5A2 enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and polarized M2 macrophage cells. Therefore, in this study, we found that COL5A2 was associated with the development of gastric cancer which might function as a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
Management of Urdhwag Amlapitta with Jaladhauti and Lifestyle Modification
Authors: Jane Rutuja Rajabhau , Khandekar Vrushali
Published: March 2023

Amlapitta is a gastrointestinal disorder. It comes under lifestyle disorder. Improper diet and habits, stress, and spicy food are some causative factors that vitiate Pitta and Kapha by Ama. The objective of this study was to access the role of lifestyle modification and Ayurvedic management in Urdhwag Amlapitta. A 35-year-old female patient with a known case of Urdhwag Amlapitta presented with complaints of sour belching, burning sensation in the chest, headache, exertion without work, nausea, indigestion, and thirst for 1 year. Appropriate modifications were made in diet and lifestyle. A proper diet chart was provided. Three settings of Jaladhauti Shuddhikriya (~voluntarily induced vomiting) then Hingwashtak Churna, Avipattikar Churna, and Dadimavaleh were advised for 1 month. Follow-up was taken on the 7th day and 15th day. Subjective symptoms reduced remarkably and no recurrence of Amlapitta was seen. Lifestyle modification plays an important role in Nidanparivarjan (avoid intake of risk factors) to control recurrence. Jaladhauti shuddhikriya corrects the pathology by eliminating disease causative factor Kapha/Ama from its main site of accumulation. Jatharagni Deepan and Pachan of residual Aam are done by Hingwashtak Churna. Avipattikar Churna works as Pittavirechak. By this study, it can be concluded that lifestyle modification helps in controlling recurrence and Jaladhauti Shuddhikriya is a safe and effective treatment for Urdhwag Amlapitta.
Comprehensive Aspect of Water Consumption
Authors: Jane Rutuja Rajabhau , Khandekar Vrushali
Published: March 2023

Background:

Water consumption is a science and an art as well. Drinking water is so natural that, people drink water without even getting noticed. Some people drink water without getting thirsty. It is necessary to educate the public about rules of drinking water. Ayurveda has very meticulously stated the rules of water consumption. Present study is an attempt to make sensitive the clinicians and the public in general regarding water consumption.

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the role of Ushapaan 2. To decide identification of drinking warm or cold water 3. To describe the seasonal variation of drinking water 4. To decide the quantity and timing of drinking water 5. To determine the diet and water relationship 6. To evaluate the remedial effect of water.

Material and Methods:

A review of water consumption was done from various classical Samhitas, books, research articles, clinical trials and web sites.

Discussion:

In this review, some issues related with water consumption has discussed like types of water, rules of drinking water (Jalapanvidhi), seasonal variations of drinking water, Ushapaan (Drinking of water on an empty stomach), quantity of drinking water, diet and water: Relationship, therapeutic water consumption and water consumption in sports persons.

Conclusion:

The present study comes to the conclusion that if one follows various rules and directions of water consumption, it will benefit in retaining the health and helps in curing the ailments.
Assessment of Professionalism and Ethics among Final Year Part I Undergraduate Students of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Subhaprada Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Background:

Professionalism is a core competency of physicians. Erstwhile Medical Council of India envisioned competency-based medical education with Attitude, Ethics and Communication module as its forerunner.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to objectively assess professionalism and ethics (P&E) by introducing multiple choice questions (MCQs) and Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (PMEX) as P&E assessment tools for MBBS students, by sensitizing the faculty and students.

Materials and Methods:

A mixed-method study was conducted during June to December 2019, among final MBBS part I undergraduate students, posted in the Department of Community Medicine, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool. After obtaining IEC clearance and written informed consent from the study participants, a 3-day workshop on P&E was conducted with interactive teaching session on day 2, pretest on day 1, and posttest on day 3, in the form of five standardized patient interactions in OSCE stations rated using PMEX tool and five response stations for MCQs. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done in IBM SPSS version 21.0 to see difference in pre- and posttest scores. Qualitative analysis using manual thematic coding was done to assess the perception of faculty and students.

Results:

A statistically significant difference in means was observed in pretest and posttest scores using PMEX tool (t test = −22.12, P value = 0.0001). 75% of students considered MCQs and PMEX as a feasible tool, out of a total of 29 study participants.

Conclusion:

MCQs and PMEX are effective tools to assess P&E among medical undergraduate students.