bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Impact of Independent Human Rights Institutions for Children: A European Study
Authors: Imanian Sara , Patrick Thomas Nigel
Published: May 2019

This article reports a study of the impact of independent human rights institutions for children, using methods drawn from critical realism and appreciative inquiry. A survey of member institutions of the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children enquired into the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of their work. The results showed wide variation in the situation, aims and methods of working of the institutions, along with some strong commonalities. The survey was followed by two in-depth case studies, to explore how staff and external stakeholders understood and evaluated the impact of their work. A conclusion was that the impact of such institutions has to be understood in a grounded way, and pre-designed general indicators are therefore of limited value. One product of the research is a template, developed collaboratively with the institutions, which can be used to understand and evaluate the effectiveness of their work.
From Whore to Heroine: Deconstructing the Myth of the Fallen Woman and Redefining Female Sexuality in Contemporary Popular Fiction
Authors: Chatraporn Surapeepan
Published: May 2019

The fallen woman, long existent in patriarchal discourse and intensified by Victorian sexual ethics, succumbs to seduction or sensual desires, suffers social condemnation and ostracism, and eventually dies, either repentantly or shamelessly. The questions of female sexuality and feminine virtues are dealt with in The Great Gatsby, Daisy Miller and The Awakening. Daisy Buchanan, Jordan, and Myrtle, all three sexually transgressive women, are punished, with Myrtle, the most sexually aggressive, being subjected to an outrageous death penalty. Daisy Miller, upon engaging in acts of self-presentation and female appropriation of male space, undergoes social disapprobation and dies an untimely death. Edna, though boldly adopting a single sexual standard for both men and women and awakening to life’s independence and sexual freedom, eventually realizes there is no space for her and submerges herself in the ocean. In contrast, the recent contemporary narrative pattern deconstructs the myth of the fallen woman and allows the fallen woman to live and prosper. The fallen woman, traditionally a secondary character who is considered a threat to the virtuous heroine, has emerged as a major or central character with a revolutionary power that both conquers and heals. Like Water for Chocolate, Chocolat and Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café acknowledge female mobility and sexual freedom and appropriate a space hitherto denied to fallen women. Eva Bates and Gertrudis, satiating female sexual desires and representing eroticized female bodies, overturn the traditional narrative of falling and dying by becoming competent and worthy members of society. Tita and Vianne are central heroines who challenge the cult of true womanhood, embody the sexualized New Woman and display strength and personal power, making them pillars of their communities.
The Fundamental Frequencies of Tai Yuan Tones Spoken by Lua’ (Mal) Speakers in Nan Province, Thailand
Authors: Intajamornrak Chommanad
Published: May 2019

Lua’ (Mal), a Mon-Khmer language, has been reconstructed as a non-tonal language. However, it has been found that the Lua’ (Mal) spoken in Ta Luang Village in the Pua District of Nan Province is becoming a tonal language due to contact with Tai Yuan, the majority language of Nan Province. There are two groups of lexical pitches in the Ta Luang variety: high and low. This paper aims to analyze and compare the fundamental frequencies of the Tai Yuan tones as spoken by female Lua’ (Mal) speakers in Ta Luang Village and those of female native speakers of Tai Yuan from Pua District.
Syntactic Patterns of Zhuang Idioms
Authors: Burusphat Somsonge , Xiaohang Qin
Published: May 2019

This paper describes idioms of the northern Zhuang language. Zhuang idioms are analyzed into two major types, based on syntactic structure: trisyllabic idioms and polysyllabic idioms. Tri-syllabic idioms are short, fixed common expressions consisting of a single predicate. The polysyllabic idioms comprise tetrasyllabic idioms, pentasyllabic idioms, hexasyllabic idioms, and heptasyllabic idioms. The polysyllabic idioms display four syntactic patterns, i.e., serial pattern, causative pattern, topicalized pattern, and condensed pattern. Semantically, the meanings of Zhuang idioms are not the sum of their component part but must be metaphorically interpreted as a whole. The function of Zhuang idioms is to increase effectiveness and rhetorical force in oral and literary communication.
“The Murderer of Bangkhunphrom”: The Semi-Colonial Siam and its Early Literary Adaptations
Authors: Chaochuti Thosaeng
Published: May 2019

It has been widely acknowledged that translation played an important role in the process of colonization. Colonizers often used it to reinforce their hegemony over the colonized who, in turn, employed it to encourage either submission to or resistance of that hegemony. Focusing on Vajiravudh’s translation, or more precisely adaptation, of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” this article illustrates how the story reflects not only the desire to be civilized like Westerners but also the strategies that the Siamese elite employed in order to achieve the trappings of civilization, namely the construction of a primitive Other and the imitation of Europeans. These strategies were, however, inherently problematic. Imitation did not, for example, pave the way towards acceptance but reinforced instead the stereotype of the mimicking natives. The article shows, however, that the Siamese elite were able to use the tactic of adaptation, both literary and otherwise, to navigate through these problems and negotiate their relationship with the West.
The Creation of Cultural Heritage: Towards Creating a Modern Thai Architectural Identity
Authors: Horayangkura Vimolsiddhi
Published: May 2019

The Thai Pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo was basically similar to that of the 1992 World Expo in Spain; both exhibited traditional elements of Thai architecture without any modern transformation.
Phra Sri An (Maitreya) as a Hero: A Structural Analysis of Phra Sri An Myths in Thai Society
Authors: Kasempholkoon Aphilak
Published: May 2019

This article aims to study “Phra Sri An” myths in Thai society as hero myths using the ideas relating to heroes of Joseph Campbell and other scholars, especially the idea of the stages of heroes of Christopher Vogler, whose ideas were developed from Campbell’s. This study shows that Phra Sri An’s character in Thai society is both that of a universal hero, in having the call for adventure, enduring tests and going pass the parameter of the profane to the sacred world; and a particular type of Thai hero, passing to, not only Tusita heaven, but also to Phra Sri An’s world, as well as in the absence of the stage of “refusal the call” according to Vogler’s stages of the hero’s journey since this concept in Buddhism states that the person who will be the future Buddha must have firm determination and strong faith. All of the stages of progress to becoming a hero express the long cycle of Phra Sri An’s journey, emphasizing the idea of the Buddhas as heroes having to overcome obstacles, gathering good deeds and finding “sacred things,” those being the four noble truths, in order to achieve enlightenment, leading Buddhists to have more faith in the Buddhas.
Dynamics of Power of Space in the Tai-Yuan Chao Luang Kham Daeng Spirit Cult
Authors: Wannakit Nittaya , Nathalang Siraporn
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to study the dynamics of power relations in the “Chao Luang Kham Daeng”/ spirit cult of the Tai Yuan people in Chiang Mai and Phayao provinces. In the past, the spirit cult was followed by the rulers of Chiang Mai city. Later on and nowadays, it has been downgraded to be the responsibility of the district level. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the arrangement of the spirit cult in contemporary Lanna context.
Epithets Referring to Characters in Thai Poetic Works
Authors: Sriyabhaya Warawat
Published: May 2019

This article is a study to classify the epithets referring to the characters in four Thai poetic works. The study results revealed that there are two groups of epithets to be found. The first one is epithets to praise characters by referring to their valuable entities, their dignity and their beauty. The second one is epithets to inveigh against characters. These epithets focus on the characters’ ethnicity, negative characteristics, ugly physical appearance, and worthless elements. The use of epithets is the poet’s strategy to express meaning and emotion in their poetic works. Moreover, the use of epithets through various words makes the literature more colorful and enhances emotional feelings in the readers.
Ayedawbon Treatises
Authors: Myint Soe Thuzar
Published: May 2019

Researchers on Myanmar’s history have found the Ayedawbon treatises to be a highly momentous Myanmar literary genre which give a record of historical events, next in significance to the Myanmar chronicles. The Myanmar term ‘Ayedawbon’ is synonymous with the Thai term, Chotmaihet or Kotmaihet and it deals with an account or report of particular events.3 Owing to circumstances and the time consuming nature, never before has anyone attempted to translate these famous works into the English language. There are some works by Myanmar scholars on Ayedawbon kyans but they do not highlight the section involving Siam-Myanmar relations. Thus, by studying Ayedawbon treatises, scholars of Thai studies will acquire new insight, reach new interpretations and gain access to richer source materials. The data used in this article relies on a historical approach and is primarily based on documentary materials. I have surveyed seven Ayedawbon treatises which have been handed down from generation to generation. We have found invaluable historical facts which were not mentioned in Siamese and Myanmar chronicles. In addition, these treatises refer to Siam- Myanmar warfare in detail. This paper focuses on the significance of the Ayedawbon treatises and the cryptic descriptions of seven Ayedawbon treatises.
Children’s Films: Children’s Matters are No Childish Matters
Authors: Louiyapong Kamjohn
Published: May 2019

This paper studies Thai children’s films produced in the appropriately five decades since the decade of B.E. 2510 (1967). The study reveals that, in this time, there have been more than fifty Thai films in rich diversity both produced “for” children and “about” them, and that of these two groups, the first is more likely to be intended primarily for a young audience. Thai children’s films can be divided into five periods from a historical point of view, and categorized into three groups, namely, children and their inner lives, children and the family and, children and society.
A Linguistic Landscape Study of Advertising Signage on Skytrain
Authors: Sutthinaraphan Kritnucha
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to examine to what extent and in what ways Thai and other languages, especially English, are used in the rapid transit system in Thailand and to describe the bilingual strategies used. The data were collected through photographs of advertising signage in the BTS2 Skytrain system and open-ended interviews. Three stations, Mochit, Payathai and Siam, were selected to be analyzed. The results revealed that the majority of the signs (65%) are in bilingual Thai and English by script. On the whole, the Thai language is used for informational purpose, while English is used for symbolic function to express senses of luxury, technological advancement and internationalism. It is found that there are many types of code-mixing, the combination of English and Thai script, lexicon, syntax and phonology. To supplement the quantitative data, key players (i.e., advertising employees) were interviewed, who stated that the reasons for inclusion of English language in advertising are stylishness and flamboyance.
Influence of Changing Thai Society on the Japanese Restaurant Industry in Bangkok
Authors: Miyamoto Mizue
Published: May 2019

The number of Japanese restaurants in Bangkok has rapidly increased in the previous decade. According to the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) (2015:8), there are 2,126 Japanese restaurants in all of Thailand, and twothirds of these are located in Bangkok. The number has been increasing by 20% every year since 2007. The quality is also outstanding. Tazatsu (2008:7) states: “There is Japanese food available which Japanese people feel tasty with the most reasonable price outside Japan”.
Thai Tones Produced by Tonal and Nontonal Language Speakers: An Acoustic Study
Authors: Intajamornrak Chommanad
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Thai tones produced by tonal language speakers, namely Vietnamese and Burmese, and non-tonal language speakers, namely Khmer and Malay, in citation form and connected speech. The test words in citation form and connected speech comprised five tones, which were the Mid tone, the Low tone, the Falling tone, the High tone, and the Rising tone occurring in non-checked and checked syllables. The informants were twenty-four Vietnamese, Burmese, Khmer, and Malay native speakers with high experience in Thai (three speakers for each language) and low experience in Thai (three speakers for each language). The informants’ speech was recorded directly on to a computer. The fundamental frequencies (F0) of tones were measured using Praat Version 5.1.43 and then converted to semitones.
Gender Representation in Myanmar Literary Works in English
Authors: Yi Tin Moe
Published: May 2019

Gender representation is significant in every country in South East Asia. In Myanmar, an Asian country, men and women have equal rights under Myanmar customary law, but there is still inequality in some situations. However, gender discrimination is not a prominent social feature; and awareness and understanding of this feature cannot be reached without a course to literary work, which is a reflection of Myanmar culture and Myanmar society. Therefore, to see how gender is represented in Myanmar society, short stories which reflect Myanmar real culture are chosen to be analyzed in this study. That is why, speech acts and some specific linguistic features are investigated and analyzed on the topic of how men and women are represented and portrayed in Myanmar short stories. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are conducted for analyzing the data; descriptive statistical analysis is used for quantitative method and sociolinguistic explanation is presented for qualitative method. Through speech act theory, it is found that there is no difference between males and females in using directives and assertive speech acts. In terms of linguistic features, it is found that reporting verbs, adverbs and adjectives used to portray male characters are described negatively rather than the features used for portraying the female characters. This seems to suggest that males have more negative images than females. Moreover, that the subjects of sentences in the data refer to males more than females is likely to imply that males are leaders and females followers in Myanmar society.
An Economist’s Proposal for the Study of the Translation Profession in Southeast Asia
Authors: Chan Andy Lung Jan
Published: May 2019

The translation profession in the Southeast Asia context has not been adequately investigated in a methodologically rigorous manner. One reason is the focus of Translation Studies scholars on textual end products, mostly of canonical literature. Another reason, perhaps more importantly, is the absence of an appropriate theoretical and conceptual framework (or the inadequacy of current paradigms) to look into the translation agents. This paper begins by reviewing the existing research work on the translation profession in the Southeast Asian context. Perhaps not surprisingly, there is not much, and some of the material found is casual and cursory discussion on personal weblogs and websites of translation companies. In view of this, I would suggest how economic science can be used as an analytical framework for studying the translators and various other stakeholders in the region and particularly how the translation profession can be investigated from macro, micro and meso levels. The last section of this paper points out some epistemological strengths and weaknesses of any such approach.
Application of Folktales to Cultural Tourism Management: A Case Study of the Central Isan Provinces of Thailand
Authors: Wannakit Nittaya
Published: May 2019

This article aims to investigate the application of folktales for cultural tourism management and the role and importance of this folklore data for tourism management in the Central Isan Provinces of Thailand, i.e. Kalasin, Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham and Roi Et. The key concepts used in this study include creative economy, creative folklore, cultural tourism and identity. The study revealed that most folktales used in tourism management were tales and local myths such as fairy tales, legends of the city, local tales and legends of heroes in the provinces. The application of folktales varied, including reinterpretation, reproduction and mixing to add the value of landmarks in the locality and local traditions, which could help to promote cultural tourism in the provinces.
TWO NEW HYBRID DAFFODILS (NARCISSUS, AMARYLLIDACEAE) FROM NORTHERN EXTREMADURA (CÁCERES, SPAIN)
Authors: ESCOBAR GARCÍA PEDRO
Published: May 2019

Hybridization is since long time considered a major force shaping the diversity of daffodils (Fernandes 1967), where it is well-documented at the homoploid (Sánchez & Castro 2011, Barra & Ureña 2014, Hervás et al. 2018, López Tirado 2018, 2019, and many others) and polyploid levels (Díaz Lifante et al. 2009, Marques et al. 2016, Marques et al. 2017). Hybrid zones and introgression have also been studied in Narcissus (Marques et al. 2011), as well as the occurrence of orphan hybrid populations (Marques et al. 2010), and within-species polyploid and aneuploid series (Barra & López 1984). To our knowledge, and despite morphological trait inheritance in Narcissus has not been specifically addressed (but see Marques et al. 2011), reciprocal crosses between two given co-occurring species produce F1 offspring more closely resembling one of the parents (heterogamy, Correns 1909) and display a marked maternal effect (Roach & Wulff 1987). While overall uncommon among angiosperms (de Vries 1911) heterogamy has been repeatedly reported in Asparagales (for instance in orchids, Bateman et al. 2008, Bateman et al. 2017).
Two new species of spionids from the genera Dispio and Prionospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Iberian Peninsula with redescription and notes on Prionospio (Minuspio) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927
Authors: DELGADO-BLAS VÍCTOR HUGO , DÍAZ-DÍAZ ÓSCAR , VIÉITEZ JOSÉ M.
Published: May 2019

A re-assessment of spionid specimens collected from coasts around the Iberian Peninsula and initially assigned to Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951 and Prionospio multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 resulted in the recognition of two new species from the genera Dispio and Prionospio: Dispio glandulosa sp. nov. and Prionospio (Minuspio) sanmartini sp. nov. In addition, the examination of specimens collected near the type locality of P. multibranchiata led to a re-description of this species. The specimens examined do not correspond to the material collected from the Iberian Peninsula and it is unlikely that P. multibranchiata is found in northern European waters.
Another alien terrestrial planarian in the United Kingdom: Australopacifica atrata (Steel, 1897) (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola)
Authors: JONES HUGH D.
Published: May 2019

Black terrestrial planarians, 5 mm to 3 cm long, have been found in five locations in the United Kingdom, the earliest in 2015. They are identified as Australopacifica atrata (Steel, 1897), a species originally described from New South Wales, Australia. A detailed systematic discussion of original and later descriptions, all of which are of external features only and with no morphological details, is given in support of this identification. Sectioned specimens show partly mature ovaries and ventral testes though none show any development of the copulatory apparatus. They reproduce freely by fission. They appear to be generalist scavengers, having been found feeding on a dead slow worm, a dead mouse, an earthworm and also on rotten fruit. In captivity they feed on chicken liver, squashed slugs and earthworms. It is assumed that they have been inadvertently introduced to the UK and distributed through horticultural activity.
Mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) on soursop and sugar apple (Annonaceae) in North-East Brazil, with description of a new species of Pseudococcus Westwood
Authors: DA SILVA VITOR C. PACHECO , KAYDAN MEHMET BORA , DA SILVA-TORRES CHRISTIAN S. A. , TORRES JORGE BRAZ
Published: May 2019

Several species of Annonaceae are economically important fruit-tree crops in North-East Brazil, including Pernambuco state. However, in several regions within the state, the fruits are commonly infested by mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae). There is a lack of information about the mealybug species damaging this produce, so a survey of mealybug species associated with commercial sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) and soursop (A. muricata L.) was conducted in the main production areas. The species Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), Planococcus minor (Maskell), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller were found on both Annona species. Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), Ferrisia dayslirii Kaydan & Gullan and Ferrisia malvastra (MacDaniel) were found only on soursop; and Ferrisia cristinae Kaydan & Gullan, Planococcus citri (Risso), Pseudococcus annonae sp. n. Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan and Pseudococcus sp. were found only on sugar apple. The species F. cristinae, F. dasylirii, F. malvastra and Ph. solenopsis are recorded infesting these hosts for the first time. The most abundant mealybug species found were F. virgata, Pl. minor, Ps. jackbeardsleyi and M. hirsutus, often forming heavy infestations and damaging the fruits. A new species, Pseudococcus annonae sp. n. Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, is described and illustrated, and an identification key to the mealybug genera occurring on annonaceous species in the Neotropical region is also provided.
Using Multisource Satellite Data to Assess Recent Snow-Cover Variability and Uncertainty in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Jiang Yingsha , Chen Fei , Gao Yanhong , Barlage Michael , Li Jianduo
Published: May 2019

Snow cover in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a critical component in the water cycle and regional climate of East Asia. Fractional snow cover (FSC) derived from five satellite sources [the three satellites comprising the multisensor synergy of FengYun-3 (FY-3A/B/C), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS)] were intercompared over the QTP to examine uncertainties in mean snow cover and interannual variability over the last decade. A four-step cloud removal procedure was developed for MODIS and FY-3 data, which effectively reduced the cloud percentage from about 40% to 2%–3% with an error of about 2% estimated by a random sampling method. Compared to in situ snow-depth observations, the cloud-removed FY-3B data have an annual classification accuracy of about 94% for both 0.04° and 0.01° resolutions, which is higher than other datasets and is recommended for use in QTP studies. Among the five datasets analyzed, IMS has the largest snow extent (22% higher than MODIS) and the highest FSC (4.7% higher than MODIS), while the morning-overpass MODIS and FY-3A/C FSC are similar and are around 5% higher than the afternoon-overpass FY-3B FSC. Contrary to MODIS, IMS shows increasing variability in snow cover and snow duration over the last decade (2006–17). Differences in variabilities of FSC and snow duration between products are greater at 5–6 km than lower elevations, with seasonal snow-cover change showing the largest uncertainty in snowmelt date.
Use of the Earth’s Surface as a Reference to Correct Airborne Nadir-Looking Radar Radial Velocity Measurements for Platform Motion
Authors: Ellis Scott M. , Tsai Peisang , Burghart Christopher , Romatschke Ulrike , Dixon Michael , Vivekanandan Jothiram , Emmett Jonathan , Loew Eric
Published: May 2019

A technique for correcting radar radial velocity Vr in airborne, nadir-pointing radar data using the surface of Earth as a reference is proposed and tested. Operating airborne Doppler radars requires correcting the radial velocity for platform motion. This can be accomplished with accurate beam-pointing and platform motion measurements. However, there are often residual pointing errors due to drift in inertial navigation systems (INS) and/or errors in platform-relative pointing. The technique proposed here takes advantage of the fact that the surface is stationary and the mean of the measured Vr at the surface should be 0 m s−1. Therefore, if a good estimate of the mean is made, it can be subtracted from the measured Vr to correct for errors due to residual pointing errors. The data contain many independent deviations from 0 m s−1 due to various causes, including measurement variance and large deviations due to surface features. These deviations must be filtered out of before the surface reference can be applied to correct the Vr data. A two-step filtering process was developed and tested. The first step removes large deviations in and the second step removes the measurement noise. The technique was examined using data from three field campaigns and was found to improve the quality of Vr in all cases. The Vr bias was removed and the variance was substantially reduced. The approach is generally applicable to nadir-pointing airborne radar data.
Use of PRECISE-DAPT Score and Admission Platelet Count to Predict Mortality Risk in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Morici Nuccia , Tavecchia Giovanni A. , Antolini Laura , Caporale Maria R. , Cantoni Silvia , Bertuccio Paola , Sacco Alice , Meani Paolo , Viola Giovanna , Brunelli Dario , Oliva Fabrizio , Lombardi Federico , Segreto Antonio , Oreglia Jacopo A. , La Vecchia Carlo , Cattaneo Marco , Valgimigli Marco , Savonitto Stefano
Published: May 2019

The PREdicting bleeding Complications In patients undergoing Stent implantation and subsEquent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score has been validated to predict bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and dual antiplatelet therapy. This score does not include the platelet count (PC), which has been shown to be an independent marker of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We assessed the role of the PRECISE-DAPT score calculated on admission for mortality risk prediction and evaluated whether the predictive accuracy of this score improved by adding the PC. In a retrospective cohort study of 1000 patients with ACS, after adjustment for relevant covariates, a PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.37-14.30). When this score was combined with PC, compared to patients with PRECISE-DAPT <25 and PC ≥150 × 109/L, the adjusted HR was 7.2 (95% CI 2.4-21.6) for those with PRECISE-DAPT <25 and PC <150 × 109/L; 10.7 (95% CI: 5.2-21.9) for those with PRECISE-DAPT ≥25 and PC ≥150 × 109/L; and 17.9 (95% CI 7.0-45.4) for those with PRECISE-DAPT ≥25 and PC <150 × 109/L. Selecting thresholds for high-risk designation, the PRECISE-DAPT score integrated with PC had a higher prediction value, compared to the PRECISE-DAPT and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events scores.
Switched coupled inductor inverter-based interline dynamic voltage restorer with discrete wavelet transform-artificial neural network technique
Authors: Sivaperumal P , Dash Subranhsu Sekhar , Mohanraj K , Balaji C
Published: May 2019

An educational studies and understanding about theoretical and practical laboratory in power quality issues. Interline dynamic voltage restorer is used in the proposed system for mitigating voltage sag, swell, harmonics, and interruptions. The conventional topology of dynamic voltage restorer possessing voltage source inverter is modified into a switched coupled inductor inverter which has the clear edge in power transfer over the former one. The versatility of the controller is enhanced in this work by deploying an artificial neural network combined discrete wavelet transform. The artificial neural network and discrete wavelet transform aided pulse width modulation generation enhances the controller performance by mitigating the harmonics considerably. The simulation and experimental results reveal that interline dynamic voltage restorer renders solution for major power quality issues like voltage sag and swell. Interline dynamic voltage restorer-based SCII is implemented with field programmable gate array Spartan 6 controller and signal processing technique such as discrete wavelet transform that mitigates voltage sag and harmonics. Paper is constructed such that the students in Bachelor’s and Master’s program of Electrical engineering can understand the power quality, various issues, and mitigating the total harmonic distortion value. The equations related to real power transfer are derived which enable the students to clearly understand about the power exchange between the feeders. Further, it is applied in practical laboratory setup facility for understanding about power quality issues to students of both undergraduate and postgraduate courses.
The Relationship between Income and Oral Health: A Critical Review
Authors: Singh A. , Peres M.A. , Watt R.G.
Published: May 2019

In this critical review, we summarized the evidence on associations between individual/household income and oral health, between income inequality and oral health, and income-related inequalities in oral health. Meta-analyses of mainly cross-sectional studies confirm that low individual/household income is associated with oral cancer (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–3.65), dental caries prevalence (prevalence ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.41), any caries experience (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19–1.65), tooth loss (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.48–1.86), and traumatic dental injuries (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65–0.89). Reviews also confirm qualitatively that low income is associated with periodontal disease and poor oral health–related quality of life. Limited evidence from the United States shows that psychosocial and behavioral explanations only partially explain associations between low individual/household income and oral health. Few country-level studies and a handful of subnational studies from the United States, Japan, and Brazil show associations between area-level income inequality and poor oral health. However, this evidence is conflicting given that the association between area-level income inequality and oral health outcomes varies considerably by contexts and by oral health outcomes. Evidence also shows cross-national variations in income-related inequalities in oral health outcomes of self-rated oral health, dental care, oral health–related quality of life, outcomes of dental caries, and outcomes of tooth loss. There is a lack of discussion in oral health literature about limitations of using income as a measure of social position. Future studies on the relationship between income and oral health can benefit substantially from recent theoretical and methodological advancements in social epidemiology that include application of an intersectionality framework, improvements in reporting of inequality, and causal modeling approaches. Theoretically well-informed studies that apply robust epidemiological methods are required to address knowledge gaps for designing relevant policy interventions to reduce income-related inequalities in oral health.
Impact of Acute Physical Activity on Children's Divergent and Convergent Thinking: The Mediating Role of a Low Body Mass Index
Authors: Bollimbala Ashish , James P. S. , Ganguli Shirshendu
Published: May 2019

While prior studies have examined the positive influence of physical activity (PA) programs on children's creative potential, they have not explored the mediating roles of psychological and physiological variables. In this study, we investigated the impact of a single dance session as a form of PA on two indicators of creative potential—divergent and convergent thinking, each of which adopts a different cognitive pathway. We also investigated the influence of a physiological condition, low body mass index (BMI), on the relation between PA and creative potential. This was a randomized controlled experiment involving 34 school children randomly assigned to either the dance intervention or a sedentary group based on their BMI profile. We measured the children's divergent and convergent thinking at pre- and post-intervention time points. Following this single PA session, we found a significant difference between divergent and convergent thinking abilities in treatment group participants with normal BMI levels and participants in the control group, but there was no difference between low BMI level treatment group participants and those in the control group. This study supported hypothesized boundary conditions for executive function improvements from PA and suggests a need for a holistic approach (involving both proper nourishment and PA) in order to facilitate improved creativity in children.
Continuous non-invasive optical monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism after acute brain injury
Authors: Baker Wesley B , Balu Ramani , He Lian , Kavuri Venkaiah C , Busch David R , Amendolia Olivia , Quattrone Francis , Frangos Suzanne , Maloney-Wilensky Eileen , Abramson Kenneth , Mahanna Gabrielli Elizabeth , Yodh Arjun G , Andrew Kofke W
Published: May 2019

Rapid detection of ischemic conditions at the bedside can improve treatment of acute brain injury. In this observational study of 11 critically ill brain-injured adults, we employed a monitoring approach that interleaves time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-NIRS) measurements of cerebral oxygen saturation and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Using this approach, we demonstrate the clinical promise of non-invasive, continuous optical monitoring of changes in CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). In addition, the optical CBF and CMRO2 measures were compared to invasive brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2), thermal diffusion flowmetry CBF, and cerebral microdialysis measures obtained concurrently. The optical CBF and CMRO2 information successfully distinguished between ischemic, hypermetabolic, and hyperemic conditions that arose spontaneously during patient care. Moreover, CBF monitoring during pressor-induced changes of mean arterial blood pressure enabled assessment of cerebral autoregulation. In total, the findings suggest that this hybrid non-invasive neurometabolic optical monitor (NNOM) can facilitate clinical detection of adverse physiological changes in brain injured patients that are otherwise difficult to measure with conventional bedside monitoring techniques.
Quantification of PET infusion studies without true equilibrium: A tissue clearance correction
Authors: Hillmer Ansel T , Carson Richard E
Published: May 2019

In some positron emission tomography (PET) studies, a reversibly binding radioligand is administered as a constant infusion to establish true equilibrium for quantification. This approach reduces scanning time and simplifies data analysis, but assumes similar behavior of the radioligand in plasma across the study population to establish true equilibrium in all subjects. Bias in outcome measurements can result if this assumption is not met. This work developed and validated a correction that reduces bias in total distribution volume ( VT) estimates when true equilibrium is not present. This correction, termed tissue clearance correction (TCC), took the form [Formula: see text], where β is the radioligand clearance rate in tissue, γ is a radiotracer-specific constant, and VT(A) is the apparent VT. Simulations characterized the robustness of TCC across imperfect values of γ and β and demonstrated reduction to false positive rates. This approach was validated with human infusion data for three radiotracers: [18F]FPEB, (−)-[18F]flubatine, and [11C]UCB-J. TCC reduced bias in VT estimates for all radiotracers and significantly reduced intersubject variance in VT for [18F]FPEB data in some brain regions. Thus, TCC improves quantification of data acquired from PET infusion studies.
Female breast cancers (T1-2, N0, M0, HR+, HER2−) with an intermediate genetic-based recurrence risk: a real-world estimate in Italy
Authors: Crocetti Emanuele , Ravaioli Alessandra , Amadori Dino , Mancini Silvia , Vattiato Rosa , Giuliani Orietta , Baldacchini Flavia , Falcini Fabio
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Prognostic definition and treatment of breast cancer are supported by multigene testing. A recent trial (TAILORx) provided evidence against the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer (HR+ HER2−) with an intermediate result (11–25) in a multigene test (Oncotype DX). These results consequently fueled great discussion among oncologists. We aimed to estimate the burden of Italian incident breast cancer patients who, each year, may be involved in such decision-making.

Methods:

We used the data collected in the Romagna Cancer Registry to estimate the number of cases with the inclusion criteria of the TAILORx trial. Adjustments based on geographical variability in breast cancer incidence in Italy were applied to national estimates. Cases were estimated by Oncotype DX recurrence risk groups: ⩽10, 11–25, ⩾26. We also estimated the proportion of grade 1, 2, or 3 disease among breast cancer cases.

Results:

An overall 52,300 breast cancer cases were estimated to be diagnosed in Italy in 2018. Of these, 18,225 fit the TAILORx inclusion criteria: 3,025 were expected to have a low risk of recurrence (⩽10), 11,536 (63.3% of all cases) an intermediate risk (11–25), and 3,664 a high risk (⩾26). Among the group at intermediate risk, who may benefit from less aggressive therapy, 2,414 were estimated to have grade 1 disease, 7,618 grade 2, and 1,983 grade 3.

Conclusions:

This article provides reliable estimates on the burden of Italian women with breast cancer who, once tested with multigene testing, could potentially have their treatment changed to hormone therapy only.
Standards and legacies: Pragmatic constraints on a uniform gene nomenclature
Authors: Halverson Colin Michael Egenberger
Published: May 2019

Over the past half-century, there have been concerted efforts to standardize how clinicians and medical researchers refer to genetic material. However, practical and historical impediments thwart this goal. In the current paper I argue that the ontological status of a genetic mutation cannot be cleanly separated from its pragmatic role in therapy. Attempts at standardization fail due to the non-standardized ends to which genetic information is employed, along with historical inertia and unregulated local innovation. These factors prevent rationalistic attempts to ‘modernize’ what is otherwise trumpeted as the most modern of the medical sciences.
Bikeshare Users on a Budget? Trip Chaining Analysis of Bikeshare User Groups in Chicago
Authors: Yang Siyue , Brakewood Candace , Nicolas Virgile , Sion Jake
Published: May 2019

This analysis focuses on a smartphone app known as “Transit” that is used to unlock shared bicycles in Chicago. Data from the app were utilized in a three-part analysis. First, Transit app bikeshare usage patterns were compared with system-wide bikeshare utilization using publicly available data. The results revealed that hourly usage on weekdays generally follows classical peaked commuting patterns; however, daily usage reached its highest level on weekends. This suggests that there may be large numbers of both commuting and recreational users. The second part aimed to identify distinct user groups via cluster analysis; the results revealed six different clusters: (1) commuters, (2) utility users, (3) leisure users, (4) infrequent commuters, (5) weekday visitors, and (6) weekend visitors. The group unlocking the most shared bikes (45.58% of all Transit app unlocks) was commuters, who represent 10% of Transit app bikeshare users. The third part proposed a trip chaining algorithm to identify “trip chaining bikers.” This term refers to bikeshare users who return a shared bicycle and immediately check out another, presumably to avoid paying extra usage fees for trips over 30 min. The algorithm revealed that 27.3% of Transit app bikeshare users exhibited this type of “bike chaining” behavior. However, this varied substantially between user groups; notably, 66% of Transit app bikeshare users identified as commuters made one or more bike chaining unlocks. The implications are important for bikeshare providers to understand the impact of pricing policies, particularly in encouraging the turn-over of bicycles.
Is Microfracture Necessary? Acetabular Chondrolabral Debridement/Abrasion Demonstrates Similar Outcomes and Survival to Microfracture in Hip Arthroscopy: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Hevesi Mario , Bernard Christopher , Hartigan David E. , Levy Bruce A. , Domb Benjamin G. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Hip arthroscopy is becoming more advanced and commonly performed. However, significant controversy exists regarding whether high-grade acetabular cartilage lesions should be treated with debridement/abrasion or microfracture. In addition, patients treated with microfracture are subject to extended protected weightbearing rehabilitation to mitigate risk of subchondral plate fracture and to protect fibrocartilage tissue formation.

Purpose:

To determine the midterm patient-reported outcomes and failure rate of patients with grade 3 and 4 acetabular labrum articular disruption (ALAD) lesions managed with debridement/abrasion or microfracture.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Primary arthroscopic labral repair cases at 2 centers from November 2008 to April 2016 were reviewed for patients aged <55 years with unipolar ALAD grade 3 and 4 chondrolabral acetabular delamination. Patients undergoing microfracture and debridement/abrasion were compared using the visual analog pain scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS) to determine predictors of outcomes and failure.

Results:

A total of 113 hips in 110 patients (66 males, 44 females; mean age, 34.5 ± 1.1 years) undergoing debridement/abrasion (n = 82) or microfracture (n = 31) were followed for a mean of 4.9 years (range, 2.0-8.5 years). Lesion size was not statistically different between the debridement/abrasion (1.3 ± 1.0 cm2) and microfracture cohorts (1.4 ± 1.0 cm2) ( P = .47). Patients undergoing debridement/abrasion achieved 3.6-point mean improvements in VAS ( P < .01), 21.2-point improvements in mHHS ( P < .01), and 25.4-point improvements in HOS-SSS ( P < .01), which were not significantly different from those observed in microfracture patients ( P≥ .20). The 5-year rate of survival free of revision surgery was 84.0% in the debridement/abrasion group and 85.6% in the microfracture group ( P = .78). The cartilage treatment technique was found not to be predictive of revision risk during both univariate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; P = .98) and multivariate (HR, 0.93; P = .90) analysis accounting for patient age, lesion grade, and acetabular coverage.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing debridement/abrasion of high-grade unipolar acetabular cartilage lesions demonstrate similar outcome scores and revision rates compared with those of patients undergoing microfracture. These outcomes support the consideration of preferential debridement/abrasion at the discretion of the treating surgeon to optimize recovery while maintaining established positive outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
Hybrid composites for automotive applications – A review
Authors: Ravishankar B , Nayak Sanjay K , Kader M Abdul
Published: May 2019

Composites have become preferred material for weight reduction in automobile. Hybrid composite materials are used in many engineering applications for their versatile properties like lightweight, strength to weight ratio, low cost, ease of structure development and high strength. Automobile industry utilizes composites and hybrid composites in many of the interior and exterior applications. Considering ease of manufacturing methods under the wider choice of fabrication techniques, hybrid composites are developed wherever it can contribute for the enhancement of functional requirement simply by replacing the existing materials. Hybrid composites made from blending of natural and synthetic fibers in a polymer matrix show synergistic effect on properties which cannot be achieved from normal composites. In this paper, hybrid composites and especially its types, diversity of properties and possible material combinations are reviewed in detail. The development of a various type of hybrid composites in automotive applications such as in automotive piston application, brake friction material for medium duty automotive application, development of eco-friendly automotive anti-roll bar and low-velocity impact response of hybrid carbon/glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites are also reviewed in detail.
The local-mobile paradox: Missed innovation opportunities at local newspapers
Authors: Heckman Meg , Wihbey John
Published: May 2019

We employ a mixed-methods approach to examine the state of mobile web publishing among U.S. local newspapers. Analysis of the mobile version of news websites (N = 100) across the 50 states yields an uneven picture, with innovation lagging in key areas. A survey with local owner-operators (N = 77) in a large U.S. state suggests that devoting attention to mobile audiences may be associated with revenue opportunities, and the ability to innovate is not necessarily associated with firm size. We explore implications for the viability of local news.