bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de resistencia a la compresión en concreto con cementos modificados
Authors: Rojas Einer Rodríguez , Muñoz Umaña Flor De María
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta las curvas de desarrollo de resistencia a la compresión a través del tiempo de curado para mezclas de concreto elaboradas con  tres tipos de cementos modificados comercializados en Costa Rica, y su combinación con agregado nacional proveniente de fuentes de tajo y río. Se utilizaron los cementos MM/A (E- C) – 28, MM/B (P-C) – 28 y MP A – AR, definidos según el reglamento RTCR 479:2015 Materiales de Construcción. Cementos Hidráulicos. Especificaciones. Debido a la carencia de curvas de desarrollo de resistencia para concretos elaborados con distintos tipos de cementos modificados y agregados comercializados en el país, el objetivo de este trabajo se focalizó en obtener tales curvas y el desarrollo porcentual de resistencia. Se caracterizó todo el material utilizado las respectivas normas ASTM o INTECO; asimismo se comprobó que el agregado y los cementos a utilizarse fuesen adecuados a partir de los parámetros establecidos en la ASTM C33/C33M-18 y la INTE C147:2018, respectivamente. La determinación de la resistencia a la compresión se efectuó por medio de especímenes cilíndricos de 150 mm x 300 mm, con edades de falla de 3, 7, 28 y 56 días; siguiendo un diseño de mezcla determinado a partir del ACI 211-91. A los datos generados se le realizó un análisis estadístico para establecer relaciones y respaldar los resultados obtenidos. Con este trabajo se logró demostrar que los cementos comercializados en Costa Rica con un grado de adición de escoria de alto horno son capaces de presentar una ganancia de resistencia significativa en el concreto después de los 28 días de curado, las mayores resistencias a la compresión en el concreto se generan al utilizar agregado de río, y generalmente la resistencia del concreto no varía significativamente al emplearse el mismo tipo de cemento para distintos tipos de agregados.
Detección de infiltración por causas accidentales con termografía infrarroja: estudio de caso
Authors: Aquino Rocha Joaquin Humberto , Firmino dos Santos Cynthia , Vieira Póvoas Yêda
Published: December 2020

La infiltración en edificios es uno de los problemas más frecuentes y, en la mayoría de los casos, es producto de fugas en tuberías, defectos de construcción, entre otros. Su detección es difícil, ya que no presentan manifestaciones externas en las primeras fases. La termografía infrarroja puede ser una técnica potencial para detectar estos defectos, ya que no necesita contacto directo con la estructura inspeccionada y tiene resultados en tiempo real. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar la termografía infrarroja para detectar infiltraciones debido a causas accidentales. La metodología del trabajo consistió en inspeccionar las áreas comunes de un condominio multifamiliar con una cámara termográfica y el uso de un detector de humedad, de manera complementaria. Los resultados mostraron que la detección fue posible con pequeños gradientes térmicos, alrededor de 0.4 °C a 1.5 °C, donde las áreas afectadas se visualizaron con una temperatura más baja debido a la inercia térmica del agua. En la inspección para comprobar si hay infiltraciones, la técnica mostró una rápida detección de esta manifestación patológica y que puede ser utilizada como una herramienta auxiliar.
Propuesta para la implementación de la metodología BIM en los proyectos de obra pública de Costa Rica
Authors: Carmona Zúñiga Mauricio
Published: December 2020

El “Modelado de la Información en la Construcción” (BIM, por sus siglas en inglés) es una nueva metodología que ha tenido una creciente difusión en los últimos años dentro de Costa Rica. No obstante, esta difusión ha generado intentos aislados, principalmente del sector privado. Se realizó un análisis de la situación costarricense para conocer las capacidades actuales del país en el uso de la metodología BIM, para esto se realizaron entrevistas distribuidas entre los sectores público, privado y académico; las cuales fueron empleadas en conjunto con los modelos de “Punto de Adopción” y “Componentes de Macro-Madurez” desarrollados por Billial Succar y Mohamad Kassen. Esto permitió conocer el punto de inicio para implementar la metodología BIM a nivel nacional y desarrollar una serie de tareas para implementar la metodología BIM en el país que fueron validadas por un comité de expertos. El producto de este trabajo es un proceso de adopción u hoja de ruta para la incorporación de la metodología BIM durante las fases de planificación, diseño, construcción y operación de la obra pública en Costa Rica como herramienta para mejorar la gestión de proyectos constructivos.
Factors of Affecting the Income of Farmers in the Village of Perean Tengah, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali
Authors: Dewi Ni Luh Sintya , Widhya Astawa I Nyoman
Published: December 2020

Indonesia is an agricultural country which is famous for its abundant natural wealth. The agricultural sector plays an important role for some developing countries. This can be seen from the role of the agricultural sector in meeting food needs in the country, this agricultural sector can also provide employment opportunities for the population. To get maximum agricultural yield, this is influenced by factors of education level and age of farmers. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of education level and age to have a positive and significant partially significant effect on income of farmers, 2) to determine the effect of education level and age simultaneously on the income of farmers in Central Perean Village. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis techniques to determine the effect of education level and age on income. The research results from the tests that have been conducted show that education has a positive and significant effect on income, age has a negative and significant effect on income of farmers, and the level of education and age simultaneously affects the income of farmers. The level of education should be paid more attention, with the knowledge gained from education so that it can be applied in agriculture. Improve facilities to increase agricultural yield. For researchers who have the desire to examine the same variables, it is hoped that they can develop this research further and better by considering other variables that have not been tested in this study.
Breast cancer in reproductive age, inducers of risk and the role of vitamin D
Authors:   OKU Interregional centre of medical genetics and prenatal diagnosis, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, Veropotvelyan P.N. , Tsekhmistrenko I.S. ,   Perinatal Center of Kyiv, Ukraine, Veropotvelyan N.P. ,   OKU Interregional centre of medical genetics and prenatal diagnosis, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, Yaruchik S.P. ,   KU Kryvyi Rih Oncology dispensary DOS, Ukraine, Stepanovich I.V. ,   KU Kryvyi Rih Oncology dispensary DOS, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article presents the inductors risk of developing breast cancer (RGI). Сonsidering the risks of breast cancer in women in different age periods, appropriate use of targeted cancer protector and symptomatic therapy. Gene polymorphism of the vitamin D, the different expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of biologically active forms of vitamin D and catabolism of vitamin ultimately determine the local concentration of the vitamin D. the Latter regulates the proliferation of breast cells which is the basis of benign lesions and cancer of the breast. Timely correction of vitamin D deficiency is one of the most effective methods for primary prevention of breast cancer. Key words: breast cancer, inductors risk of breast cancer, vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism of vitamin D, mastodynia, dishormonal disease of the breast.
Insemination by husband’s sperm: fertility renewal in married couples with male infertility
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Gurzhenko Yu.N. , Кutsenko А.О. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The objective: analysis of the results in the resumption of fertility of infertile couples with male factor with a program of insemination with husband's sperm. Patients and methods. There are analyzed the results of achievement of genital function in 140 married couples with man’s infertility who in 2013–2015 underwent the program of insemination by man’s sperm at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine (Kyiv). Results. It has been stated that the pregnancy number and births after 3 attempts (420 cycles) with 3–5 month interval was reached in 17.0±1.8% and 15.0±1.8% of cases, respectively. There was confirmed the linear dependence between the fact of renewal of fertility and such factor as an age of a woman, duration of absence of native pregnancy, response of ovular function on stimulation. There was objectivized the influence on the result of readings of a spectrogram: the kind of pathospermia, the concentration of spermatozoons which is in the inverse dependence on the presence of predictors and determinants aggravating the total state of a man, and also the percent of actively movable fractions of sperms. Conclusions. Confirmed a causal relationship the result with such factors as age of women, duration of occurrence of natural pregnancy, ovulatory response to the stimulation. However, it is crucial to objectively brought the semen: patospermia, concentration of sperm and percentage of actively motile fractions thereof, as well as overall health of men. Key words: male infertility factor, insemination by man’s sperm, result.
Features of vaginal biotope of pregnant women with obstructive failure of the cervix functions and the ways of its correction
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zhabchenko I.A. , Oleshko V.F. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bondarenko E.M. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovalenko T.M. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article presents the investigation results of the vaginal biotope of pregnant women with incompetence of cervix obstructive function. The frequency growth of this complication in nulliparous women, the absence of significant differences in pregnancy outcomes without regard to the correction methods, the increase of number of obstructed and pathological labors among these women, were the basis for the factors analysis that deteriorate the prognosis for the mother and fetus. The vaginal microbiocenosis pathology plays one of the leading roles in the premature birth development) in women with incompetence of cervix obstructive function. The objective: to study the vaginal biotope in pregnants with incompetence of cervix obstructive function in order to improve the antenatal care tactics and increase the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment modality of this pathology. Patients and methods. 63 pregnants at term 22–32 weeks who had been treated at the department of pathology of pregnancy and childbirth of SE «IPAH NAMS of Ukraine» with the verified incompetence of cervix obstructive function (main group) were examined. The control group was formed by 34 pregnants with physiological state of cervix obstructive function. Results. The predominance of alkaline or slightly alkaline vaginal biotope’s reaction expressed leukocyte reaction, high desquamated epithelium content and a sharp decline in the numbers of Lactobacillus spp. at the background of mostly associated coccal microflora, Gram-negative microorganisms and Candida albicans fungi is typical for the main group of pregnants. The association of anaerobic microorganisms from bacterial-viral and bacterial-chlamydial urogenetal infections is typical for every third main group of pregnant women. Conclusion. The pathogenetically justified antibiotic therapy with a long-term correction of vaginal microbiocenosis dysbiotic disorders before the introduction of the perforated silicone cervical pessary provides the absence of discomfort which is associated with vaginal secret overproduction and allows stabilizing the leukocyte vagina microbiocenosis reaction within the physiological one and reducing the risk of preterm labor in these pregnants. Key words: the incompetence of cervix obstructive function, cervix, microbiocenosis, pregnancy, miscarriage.
Features of pathogenesis of combination of a genital endometriosis and hypothyrosis
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Lysenko B.M.
Published: December 2020

The objective: to establish features of pathogenesis of an external genital endometriosis against hypothyrosis. Patients and methods. For the solution of goal we surveyed 110 patients of genesial age from 20 to 41 year with an external genital endometriosis. All women were divided into two groups. The first group included 50 patients with an external genital endometriosis without pathology of thyroid gland, the second – 60 women with an external genital endometriosis and an accompanying hypothyrosis. Results. Results of the conducted researches testify to an essential role of the endocrinologic status in pathogenesis of an external genital endometriosis against hypothyrosis. The received results specify that the hyperproduction of thyritropic hormone at patients with an external genital endometriosis at hypofunction of thyroid gland promotes decrease of level of follicle-stimulating hormone and rising of production of prolactinum that leads to depression of estrogenprodutsiruyushchy function of ovaries. Conclusions. The received results need to be considered when developing tactics of maintaining these patients. Key words: external genital endometriosis, hypothyrosis, pathogenesis.
Prune Belly syndrome: a case report
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Tsymbalista O.L. , Ziniak B.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Kurtash O.O. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Valchyshyn V.P. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Ukraine, Shelest M.R. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

Objective: to acquaint doctors of various specialties with clinical course, early diagnostics, and treatment strategy for a rare congenital anomaly — Prune Belly syndrome in children. Materials and methods. Inpatient medical records of municipal non-profit enterprise «Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital» of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council. Results. The paper presents the clinical course of a rare congenital anomaly — Prune Belly syndrome in two children. The disease occurs chiefly among boys manifesting itself as multiple congenital malformations including deficiency or aplasia of abdominal muscles, congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (hydronephrosis, megaureter, hydroureter, megacystis, vesicoureteral reflux), bilateral cryptorchidism. In addition, Prune Belly syndrome can coexist with urethral pathology, as well as skeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal malformations. Conclusion. Modern views on the development, clinical course, and diagnosis of a rare congenital disease with multiple organ malformations — Prune Belly syndrome have been presented for doctors of various specialties. Prenatal diagnosis, detection of potential congenital malformations after birth allows selecting the correct algorithm for monitoring vital organ functions, syndromic treatment and making timely decision on internal organ transplantation. The study was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of municipal non+profit enterprise «Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital» of Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Council. The informed consent to participate in the research study was obtained from all the children's parents. Conflict of Interest. The authors declare they have no conflict of interest. Key words: children, Prune Belly syndrome, diagnosis, therapy.
Bears as Benefactors? Bear Veneration as Apicultural Risk Management in Roman Spain
Authors: Wallace-Hare David
Published: December 2020

Worship of bear deities in pre-Roman and Roman Spain seems to have occurred for rather pragmatic reasons  having more to do with the activities of bears rather than bears themselves. I  show that this reverence originated in an important mode of subsistence in Iron Age and Roman central Spain, beekeeping, upon which the predatory habits of the bear, common in the Peninsula until recent centuries, came increasingly to encroach. I demonstrate that Latin votive dedications made to a Celtiberian deity named Arco in the region of Segovia during the early Principate should ultimately be considered as a remection of the importance of indigenous honey production. By conceptualizing Arco, whose name in Celtiberian meant ‘bear’, as a rationalization of apicultural risk, we gain a powerful new tool in understanding both the importance of beekeeping in the Iberian Peninsula and how intimately connected in some areas it was with bears.
Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade: Empirical Analysis of Mutual Influence
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Drapkin I. M. , Lukyanov S. A. ,   State University of Management, Moscow, Russia, Groznykh R. I. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2020

Foreign direct investment and international movement of commodities are interrelated in the world economy. At the same time, the nature of this relationship and the causality issues are ambiguous and need to be studied from both theoretical and empirical sides. The aim of this paper is to estimate empirically the mutual influence of foreign direct investment and international trade in the modern economy. The econometric model is based on the gravity approach, the estimation is made using the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method on the data for 67 host and 109 home FDI countries for the period of 2001–2016. The hypotheses on the positive mutual influence of foreign direct investment and international trade are tested. A positive and significant influence of export and import flows on inward foreign direct investment is observed. The largest impact of export and import on foreign direct investment is observed when a two-year lag is considered. We could not reveal a significant influence of foreign direct investment on export and import flows either within one year, or for the lagged FDI values. The authors argue that pro-trade government policy, aimed at the integration of the country into global value chains is an important factor stimulating the inflow of foreign direct investment to the country. From the practical point of view, understanding the causal linkages between export, import and foreign direct investment helps state authorities better forecast the direct and indirect effects of various trade policy incentives.
Relationship of Tax Burden and Firm Size in the Timber Industry in Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Labunets Yu. E. , Mayburov I. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2020

The tax burden indicator is one of the criteria for tax risk assessment used by tax authorities for making the decision to conduct an on-site tax audit. The dynamics of the tax burden indicator is considered to be a catalyst for the development of positive or negative tax relations between the taxpayer and the tax authority. It is very important to understand the relationship between the tax burden indicator and the firm's size in order to form an objective approach to tax control of micro, small and medium-sized businesses in different industries. The purpose of the research is to define a relationship between the level of tax burden and the firm's size in the Russian timber industry. The hypothesis of the research is that the tax burden increases as the size of the firm grows in the timber industry in Russia. Firms belonging to the categories of micro and small businesses were selected randomly, taking into account the priority characteristics of the firm's size by the average number of employees. The tax burden was calculated using the official methodology of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. The calculation of the tax burden level was performed for each respondent. The average values of tax burden indicators were also calculated by industry and for each category of business activity. We found that the average level of the tax burden increases when the size of businesses increases generally for all branches of the timber industry. At the same time, the researched characteristics of the firm's size (revenue and average number of employees) have a significant impact on changes in the level of the tax burden both in general and individually in such branches of the timber industry as logging, woodworking and furniture production. The tax burden level in the above-mentioned industries increases as the firm's size increases. In the pulp and paper industry, the tax burden level increases as from micro firms to small firms, but the tax burden level decreases as firms continue to grow from small to medium-sized ones.
Modeling of Promising Interaction Between a Timber Industry Enterprise and a Commodity Exchange in Russia
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Rogulin R. S.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the study lies in the absence of works in the literature devoted to the formation of supply chains of materials in volumes sufficient for production using the apparatus of commodity exchanges. The aim of the work is to conduct an empirical study to assess the prospects for the interaction of a timber industry enterprise with a commodity exchange. For the study, a mathematical model was chosen to assess the effectiveness of the purchase of raw materials from the forestry department of the commodity exchange by an enterprise in the timber industry. The hypothesis is that the interaction of the timber industry complex can be beneficial for the enterprise. To ensure the feasibility of purchasing raw materials from the exchange, simulation modeling was chosen. For each individual simulation iteration, a linear integer programming mathematical model was used. To generate some input data, like price, demand, etc., the Monte Carlo method was used. The complexity of the problem lies in the following aspects: polynomial growth of the number of numbers; a large number of restrictions on the increase in the degree of complexity of finding the first feasible solution to the model; search for a solution within the framework of integer optimization; a fairly large number of independent simulation iterations. The practical significance of the study is to prove the expediency of purchasing raw materials by the enterprise from the commodity and raw materials exchange of Russia. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of a model for assessing the feasibility of purchasing materials using the exchange apparatus. The scientific novelty is based on the constructed mathematical model of the formation of supply chains and the volume of production, taking into account the demand in the market and the volume of materials. The model was tested on data from one forestry enterprise in the Primorsky Territory. Optimization is carried out in terms of the volume of products produced, the volume of purchased materials from each region and the stock of raw materials in the production warehouse. Based on the testing of data models of the exchange and the forestry enterprise, an analysis was performed of the possibilities for cooperation between the company and the commodity exchange. The work reflects the behavior in the long term of accumulated profit, the nature of changes in stock in the warehouse and the volume of products produced.
Methodological Toolkit for Environmental and Economic Assessment of Metallurgical Enterprise Activities
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Starodubets N. V. , Grigoreva A. E. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2020

The growing impact on the environment from industrial enterprises, the depletion of non-renewable natural resources and the associated risks make it relevant to take into account the environmental performance indicators of the enterprise along with economic ones. The authors believe that it is possible to conduct an environmental and economic assessment of the enterprise using an integrated indicator. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodological toolkit for conducting an integrated environmental and economic assessment of the activities of a metallurgical enterprise, which makes it possible to make both a retrospective assessment of the enterprise's activities, and a predictive one based on the parity between the economic and environmental spheres of the enterprise. An analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed the absence of a unified approach to environmental and economic assessment of industrial enterprises based on standard financial and environmental reporting, and non-financial reporting standards. The methodology proposed by the author includes two blocks of indicators: an environmental and an economic one. The environmental block is represented by indicators related to the environmental impact. The economic block includes various indicators of the profitability of the enterprise. The authors propose an approach to standardizing indicators and calculating the integral indicator of environmental and economic assessment for the period. A distinctive feature of the author's methodology is the development of a single indicator that combines heterogeneous and multidirectional indicators of the environmental and economic blocks, which makes it possible to assess how the state of the enterprise changes over time, considering the action of various factors and their influence on the changes occurring at the enterprise. The proposed methodology was tested in application to the Seversky pipe plant for the period of 2016–2018. It showed a deterioration in the final environmental and economic assessment of the enterprise's activities as per the indicators of the economic block. At the same time, almost all indicators of the ecological block improved over the period of observation. The result is attributed to the ongoing large-scale technological overhaul at the enterprise, aimed, in many respects, at reducing the impact on the environment and increasing the efficiency of the enterprise. The authors believe that after the completion of the modernization project, an increase in the production volume and a decrease in unit costs with a minimum impact on the environment will help to achieve a balance between the ecological and economic spheres of the enterprise.
Institutional Factors in the Development of Financial Technologies in Russia
Authors:   Ural Institute for Management, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Popov E. V. , Omonov Z. ,   Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shulgin D. B. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2020

The development of financial technologies in Russia is an essential driver for the digitalization of socio-economic processes. The objective of this study is to identify trends in the formation and development of financial technologies (fintech) in Russian practice. Based on the analysis of international research in the field of fintech, a number of hypotheses have been formulated that serve as the basis for determining the patterns of development of fintech in Russia. The duality of the relationship between the level of development of the economy and the fintech sector is determined: the level of development of the economy is able to both restrain and stimulate the development of financial innovations. In order to test the hypotheses, a correlation and regression analysis was carried out, which made it possible to determine the influence of various indicators on the development of financial innovations in Russia. The national federal statistics of the Russian Federation, reports of the Central Bank of Russia, statistical data provided by the Russian Association of Venture Funding, the GfK (Growth from Knowledge) database, and data from the Moscow Exchange were used as the data sources. The Patent Lens database was used as a source of data on the development of fintech in the Russian Federation. Results of the study have demonstrated the following trends in the development of financial technologies in Russian conditions: (1) an increase in the gross domestic product of Russia contributes to the development of fintech, which is indicated by the development of financial technologies depends on the state of the economy; (2) negative dynamics of direct investment affects the development of financial technologies in Russia, which shows the connection between the development of financial technologies and institutional voids in the investment sphere; (3) the spread of the use of mobile devices in Russia contributes to the development of fintech (4) the development of the Moscow Exchange, which is one of the main indicators of the state of the capital market, has a positive impact on the development of financial technologies in Russia. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is in identifying trends in the development of financial technologies in Russian practice. The practical significance is the possibility of using the results obtained in developing a strategy for the development of the financial sector and the financial system in the domestic economy.
External validation of the estimate of prevalence of smokers in small areas by Vigitel, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Costa Maria Fernanda Lima e
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: The study aimed to validate the estimates of adult smokers determined by Vigitel for small areas, defined by the Health Vulnerability Index (IVS). Methods: The database of the Health Survey of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH) carried out in 2010 and the data from Vigitel in the period from 2010 to 2013 were used to obtain estimates of adult smokers by IVS. With Vigitel, the estimate of smokers by IVS was obtained by the indirect estimation method in small areas. The prevalence of adult smokers was compared, considering RMBH as the gold standard. The t test was used to evaluate the difference between the means and the Pearson correlation, with a significance level of 5%. Results: When stratifying by IVS in the household survey, the prevalence of adult smokers ranged from 13.39% (95%CI 11.88 – 14.91) for residents in a low-risk area to 22.9% (95%CI 12.33 – 33.48) among residents in a very high-risk area. With Vigitel, according to IVS, the prevalence of adult smokers ranged from 11.98% (95%CI 10.75 – 13.21) for residents in the low-risk area to 22.31% (95%CI 18.25 – 26.1) in very high-risk areas. The prevalence was similar between the two surveys, showing good Pearson correlation (r = 0.93). Conclusion: The study points out that the estimates of smokers were similar in both surveys, showing the external validity of Vigitel. There was a gradient in prevalence, with progressive increase, identifying a higher proportion of smokers in high-risk areas.
Premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases in Brazilian municipalities estimated for the three-year periods of 2010 to 2012 and 2015 to 2017
Authors: Cardoso Laís Santos de Magalhães , Teixeira Renato Azeredo , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian municipalities. Methods: This ecological study estimated premature mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer and diabetes in Brazilian municipalities, for the three-year periods of 2010 to 2012 and 2015 to 2017, and it analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of these rates. Data treatment combined proportional redistribution of the missing data and ill-defined causes, and the application of coefficients for under-registration correction. The local empirical Bayesian estimator was used to calculate municipal mortality rates. Results: Rates for the set of chronic diseases decreased in Brazil between the three-year periods. The mean rates for total NCDs declined in the South, Southeast and Central-West regions, remained stable in the North and increased in the Northeast. Mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases were the highest in all regions but showed the greatest declines between the periods. Cancers were the second leading cause of death. The North and Northeast regions stood out as having increased mean rates of cancer between the periods analyzed and showing the highest mean premature mortality rates due to diabetes in the 2015 to 2017 period. Conclusion: Spatial and temporal distribution of premature mortality rates due to NCDs differed between Brazilian municipalities and regions in the three-year periods evaluated. The South and Southeast had decreased rates of deaths due to cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, as well as diabetes. The North and Northeast had increased rates of deaths due to cancer. There was an increase in the rate of deaths due to diabetes in the Central-West.
Social vulnerability associated with the self-reported diagnosis of type II diabetes: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Tonaco Luís Antônio Batista , Vieira Maria Alice Souza , Gomes Crizian Saar , Rocha Fabiana Lucena , Oliveira-Figueiredo Danielle Samara Tavares de , Malta Deborah Carvalho , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the contextual factors associated with type II diabetes mellitus in Belo Horizonte City. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 5,779 adults living in Belo Horizonte City, participating in the Risk and Protection Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Diseases through Telephone Survey (Vigitel), in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Multilevel regression models were used to test the association between contextual indicators of physical and social environments, and self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, adjusted for individual sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive analyzes and multilevel logistic regression models were used, considering a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 6.2% (95%CI 5.54 – 6.92), and 3.1% of the variability of chance of presenting diabetes were explained by contextual characteristics. Living in areas with high density of private places for physical activity and high income was associated with a lower chance of having diabetes. The areas with high level of social vulnerability were strongly associated with the chance of presenting diabetes, adjusted for individual characteristics. Conclusion: Characteristics of physical and social environments were associated with the chance of diabetes occurrence. Urban centers with opportunities to adopt healthy behaviors can help to reduce the occurrence of diabetes and its complications.
Distribution of indicators for chronic non-communicable diseases in adult women beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program — Vigitel 2016–2019
Authors: Carvalho Quéren Hapuque de , Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Objective: To compare the prevalence of and trend in risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among women beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Bolsa Família from 2016 to 2019. Methods: This is a cross-sectional time-series study. We estimated the prevalence and prevalence ratios, both crude and adjusted for age and schooling, of NCD indicators with their respective confidence intervals, using the Poisson regression model. A time-trend analysis was also performed employing a simple linear regression model, regarding the indicators as the outcome variable and the year of the survey as the explanatory variable. Results: Women beneficiaries were more exposed to risk factors for NCDs compared to non-beneficiaries. Prevalence ratios adjusted for smokers were 1.15 (1.07 – 1.24), for overweight were 1.08 (1.03 – 1.14), and for obesity were 1.09 (1.04 – 1.14), while the recommended fruit and vegetable consumption was 0.93 (0.87 – 0.99); they also showed lower practice of leisure-time physical activities (0.88; 0.82 – 0.93), spent more time watching TV (1.08; 1.02 – 1.13), had worse self-rated health status (1.12; 1.04 – 1.21), and lower rates of mammography (0.80; 0.71 – 0.90) and pap smear (0.93; 0.88 – 0.98). Among the beneficiaries, the trend analysis showed an increased prevalence of overweight, from 55.9 to 62.6%, and screen time except for TV, from 13.5 to 27.8%. Conclusion: NCD risk factors were higher among women beneficiaries of Bolsa Família, indicating the importance of maintaining affirmative policies for this vulnerable population.
The geography of femicide in Sergipe, Brazil: matriarchy, human development, and income distribution
Authors: Sá Yamilla Ramos Carvalho de , Moi Paula Cristina Pedroso , Galvão Noemi Dreyer , Silva Ageo Mário Cândido da , Moi Gisele Pedroso
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: Aim: This research analyzed a joint spatial distribution and explored the possible associations between epidemiological aspects and feminicide rates, in towns of the Sergipe State in Northeastern Brazil. Methodology: An exploratory ecological study investigated the global spatial autocorrelation of epidemiological aspects with femicide rates from towns in Sergipe State, Brazil, (n = 75), in the 2013–2017 period, using the “global” and “local” Moran statistic method and a multiple spatial regression. The exposure variables included socioeconomic and demographic conditions, services and health condition, and femicide rates. We used the software Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 and GeoDa 0.95-i. Results: The spatial distribution of femicide rates was not random and showed high spatial autocorrelation and predominance of significant spatial groupings of towns with the highest mortality rates due to femicide in the central region of Sergipe State. In the multiple regression analysis, the percentage of women in charge of families and the Municipal Human Development Index were positively associated with the femicide rates in towns in Sergipe's municipalities in the studied period (p < 0.05). The opposite situation occurred between the Income Concentration Index (GINI) and the femicide rates. Conclusion: This is the first study that has analyzed the factors associated with the spatial clusters of femicide rates in a geographical space where there is a predominance of patriarchal culture. There was a femicide increase in locations with the lowest social inequality, the highest human development and authority exercised by women in the family environment.
Biodegradable starch composite from stale bread: effect of electron beam irradiation
Authors: Foo Jenny Pei Yan , Chan Eric Wei Chiang , Tan Choon Hui , Chin Nyuk-Ling , Tee Yee-Bond , Neo Yun-Ping
Published: December 2020

Bread has a short shelf-life, which leads to staling and disposal. This study aims to incorporate starch from stale bread into a bio-composite with sodium alginate, gellan gum and glycerol. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the concentrations of sodium alginate (0–4%), gellan gum (0–1%) and glycerol (0–1%) as fillers in starch bio-composites based on the resulting tensile strength, hardness and water absorption ability. The responses were the water absorption ability, hardness and tensile strength of the bio-composite. Well-fitting models were generated for water absorption ability (R 2 = 0.8938), hardness (R 2 = 0.8607) and tensile strength (R 2 = 0.9742) with a probability value of less than 0.001, which demonstrates the high significance of the models. The optimum parameters were 3.83% sodium alginate, 0.62% gellan gum and 0.69% glycerol. Meanwhile, the water absorption ability, hardness and tensile strength were 0.44%, 49.55 mJ and 41.00 N/m2, respectively. The effects of electron beam irradiation on the contact angle of the bio-composite were also studied. Electron beam irradiation increased the contact angle up to 77.56° and reduced fractures in the microstructure of the bio-composites compared with those in the non-irradiated sample. These are important properties of the bio-composite to be used in utensils.
Gobernanza territorial y conflictos de uso por la extracción de recursos marinos en áreas de pesca responsable: Caso Paquera – Tambor, Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo González Isabel , Juárez Oscar , Vargas León Laura
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo pretende exponer los diversos conflictos por el uso del espacio y los recursos marinos en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable de Paquera y Tambor, en la zona del Golfo de Nicoya en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica.

Esta área marina es una estrategia de ordenamiento espacial marino que se gestiona a partir del año 2014, como una propuesta de gobernanza territorial. Para entender las dinámicas de gobernanza territorial y su relación con el desarrollo social, económico y ambiental se debe primeramente identificar las diversas conflictividades entre los actores con algún tipo de inscripción territorial; así como, las dinámicas globales del mercado que apoyan la construcción de una visión y acción concreta sobre el recurso pesquero y la competencia por los espacios de extracción.

Respecto la gobernanza territorial en el área marina de pesca responsable (AMPR) Paquera- Tambor, debe indicarse que, a pesar de ser espacios donde los actores locales cumplen un papel importante, la institucionalidad trata de cooptar los procesos. Esta cooptación lo que genera son conflictos que se materializan en la lucha entre pescadores por sus espacios de pesca o de conservación, no teniendo la institucionalidad capacidad para la resolución ni minimización del conflicto.
Transformaciones de los patrones de la vivienda rural y su impacto en el Territorio. El caso de Ambato – Ecuador
Authors: Grijalva María Susana , Salazar María Soledad , Martínez Godoy Diego
Published: December 2020

En la actualidad, tanto las transformaciones territoriales como los cambios morfológicos en los espacios rurales plantean algunas interrogantes que solo pueden ser comprendidas desde una visión histórica y sistémica. El Cantón Ambato posee dinámicas propias que hacen de él un espacio único en el país, al tener un sistema económico anclado a una historia local que da cuenta de una organización social de base y de una productividad artesanal e industrial fuerte. Sin embargo, el avance de las lógicas urbanas sobre los espacios rurales pone en riesgo la conservación de estas dinámicas a través de la pérdida del patrimonio material. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo poner en evidencia los cambios en los patrones de la vivienda rural y otras edificaciones y su progresivo remplazo por códigos y patrones arquitectónicos contemporáneos que contribuyen al proceso de desestructuración de los espacios rurales, así como de las articulaciones urbano rurales. De igual manera se pretende visibilizar las alternativas que poseen los actores para conservar su capital cultural al tiempo que se construyen como sociedad en medio de un acelerado proceso de urbanización.
PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN RESIDU INSEKTISIDA DIMETOAT DALAM CABAI MERAH(Capsicum annum L.) AKIBAT IRADIASI GAMMA
Authors: M Chairul Sofnie , Nasroh Kuswadi Achmad
Published: December 2020

PENURUNAN KANDUNGAN RESIDU INSEKTISIDA DIMETOAT DALAM CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) AKIBAT IRADIASI GAMMA. Produk sayuran, seperti cabai merah, dipersyaratkan untuk mendapat perlakuan karantina sebelum diekspor, misalnya dengan cara iradiasi gamma yang ditujukan untuk membunuh hama dan penyakit tanaman yang mungkin dikandungnya. Selain mengandung hama dan penyakit, cabai yang dipanen sering pula mengandung residu insektisida, sehingga perludiamati pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap residu insektisida yang dikandungnya. Cabai merah keriting (Capsicum annum L) direndam dengan insektisida dimetoat pada konsentrasi 100; 200; dan 300 ppm. Kandungan residu insektisida kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas pada cabai merah sebelum penyimpanan, setelah penyimpanan selama 7 hari, serta setelah perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma pada dosi 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5 kGy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan residu insektisida dimetoat pada cabai merah keriting dengan perlakuan penyimpanan pada suhu 5 C selama 1 minggu menunjukkan penurunan sebesar antara 3,94 % - 24,13 %. Jika diiradiasi dengan sinar–γ pada dosis 0,5 kGy terjadi penurunan sebesar antara 6,61 % -28,18%, dan jika diiradiasi pada dosis 1,0 kGy maka penurunan menjadi antara 10,20 % - 43,26 %, dan pada dosis 1,5 kGy penurunan menjadi antara 18,57 % - 54,00 %
PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI CO DAN NO PADA EMISI GAS BUANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PENYISIPAN TiO2 LOKAL PADA KARBON AKTIF.
Authors: Tri BAsuki Kris
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan karbon aktif sebagai media adsorpsi gas CO dan NO2 pada emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa media karbon aktif yang dipasang sepanjang 5 cm, 10 cm dan 15 cm pada tabung adsorpsi memberikan hasil penurunan konsentrasi gas CO sebesar 76,316%, 80,866% dan 82,785%. Pada konsentrasi TiO 15%, 10% dan 15% yang ditambahkan pada media karbon aktif dengan panjang media 15 cm memberikan penurunan konsentrasi CO sebesar 83,88%, 87,5% dan 92,76%. Untuk gas NO2 , karbon aktif yang dipasang sepanjang 5 cm, 10 cm dan 15 cm pada tabung adsorpsi memberikan hasil penurunan konsentrasi gas NO2 sebesar 78,897 %, 88,934 % dan 90,051 %. Pada konsentrasi TiO 5%, 10% dan 15% yang ditambahkan pada media karbon aktif dengan panjang 15 cm memberikan penurunan konsentrasi NO2 sebesar 92,720%, 93,081% dan 94,338 %. Dari hasil penelitian juga diketahui bahwa media karbon aktif yang dipasang pada panjang media 15 cm memiliki efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi CO dan NO yang lebih besar dibanding media karbon aktif yang dipasang pada panjang media 5 cm dan 10 cm. Media karbon aktif yang disisipi TiO2 berpengaruh terhadap adsorpsi gas CO dan NO, dan lebih optimal dalam menurunkan konsentrasi gas CO dan NO2, dibandingkan media karbon aktif tanpa penyisipan TiO2. Media karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi TiO 15 % yang dipasang sepanjang 15 cm pada tabung adsorpsi memiliki waktu jenuh selama 42,88 jam dengan biaya pembuatan media sebesar Rp 1358,437.