bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness, perception, and utilization of the benefits of recently introduced health schemes among the general population of India: A narrative review
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Valliyodan Sourav , Shettigar Nitish , Shetty Hrithik , Rao Vijayalakshmi , Ravishankar Kukian Saloni
Published: April 2024

Several health schemes have been introduced by the Government of India in recent years. It becomes essential to know the usefulness of these schemes. This narrative review was done to discuss the awareness, perception, and utilisation of the benefits of recent health schemes. Four schemes either introduced or revised between January 2016 and December 2021 namely AB PM-JAY, PMBJP, NPY, and PMSMA were discussed. Thirteen original articles related to these schemes fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria were identified using Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, and PubMed databases.

 

Awareness about AB PM-JAY was absent among 22.7% to 77% participants. The prerequisites for beneficiaries like non-payment of professional tax and non-ownership of certain household equipment were responsible for missing the benefits among some poor participants. About one-fourth of the participants reported poor awareness and attitude towards PMBJP. To support PMBJP, people wanted doctors to take the initiative by endorsing and prescribing generic medicines available under this scheme. Awareness about NPY was absent among 8.5% participants. As many as 21.5% to 71.5% of tuberculosis patients did not receive its benefits. Only 7.3% to 52.6% of the tuberculosis patients received the first incentive within two months of intensive phase. Common problems reported were unavailability of savings bank account or Aadhaar number, particularly among those from rural areas. About one-fourth of patients utilised the money to meet their family expenses. Hardly 5% were aware of PMSMA and among them just 32% had utilised antenatal care services. Counselling services were not offered to some beneficiaries. Few shortcomings in these health schemes were identified which need to be addressed by the stakeholders.
PROTECTION OF WOOD FROM FIRE WITH THE USE OF SPECIAL COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Газизов А. М. . , Гороховский А. Г. . , Шишкина Е. Е. . , Мялицин А. В.  .
Published: April 2024

Древесина – очень ценный строительный материал. Однако наряду со всеми своими преимуществами она имеет ряд серьезных недостатков, одним из которых является повышенная воспламеняемость и горючесть. В связи с высокими требованиями пожарной безопасности, предъявляемыми ко всем строительным материалам, проблема снижения горючести древесных изделий является весьма актуальной. Цель исследования – испытание сосновых образцов, пропитанных различными огнезащитными составами для обеспечения защиты от возгорания, и обоснование одной из этих пропиток. Для определения наиболее эффективного защитного слоя для сосновых образцов, пропитанных и смазанных составом в несколько слоев, использована экспериментальная керамическая труба. При этом образцы были обработаны удобрениями суперфосфата, известково-глиносолевой обмазкой, кальцинированной содой и борной кислотой и жидким стеклом на водной основе. Анализируются параметры результатов исследования для оценки эффективности огнезащитных материалов для сосновых образцов. Рассмотренный метод дает возможность повысить пожарную безопасность древесных материалов строительного назначения. Предлагается развитие исследования в направлении наиболее результативного состава для защиты древесины.

Wood is a very valuable building material. However, along with all its advantages, it has a number of serious disadvantages, one of which is increased flammability and flammability. Due to the high fire safety requirements imposed on all building materials, the problem of reducing the combustibility of wood products is very relevant. The purpose of the study is to test a pine billet impregnated with various flame – retardant compounds to provide protection against fire and substantiate one of these impregnations. An experimental method was used to determine the most effective protective layer for a pine billet. Pine boards lubricated with a mixture of impregnation in several layers and a ceramic pipe were used for the experiment. Each of the five pine board samples treated with superphosphate flame retardant fertilizers, lime-clay-salt coating, soda ash and boric acid, and water-based liquid glass. The considered method makes it possible to increase the fire safety of wood materials for construction purposes. The parameters of the research results are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of flame-retardant materials for pine harvesting. The considered method makes it possible to increase the fire safety of wood materials for construction purposes. It is proposed to develop the result in the direction of the most effective sample of wood protection and self – examination of scientific research. Keywords: wood, fire protection, flammability, protective layer, fire safety
Alternative questionnaire formats in usability evaluation
Authors:   , Baumgartner Jürgen
Published: April 2024

This doctoral thesis investigated the use of image-based scales in usability assessment, examining their advantages and limitations. While previous research attributed favourable qualities to image-based scales, such as increased motivation, intuitive comprehension, reduced workload, and reduced completion times, these claims often lacked solid empirical support. This work aimed to systematically evaluate variations of image-based scales in relation to these respondent-centred aspects, which are subsumed under the concept of questionnaire experience (QX). Furthermore, traditional psychometric properties were assessed. Three studies were conducted in which image-based scales were used in an online usability test setting. Study one used a hybrid version (i.e. pictorial and verbal content) of an existing usability questionnaire. Study two compared hybrid and purely pictorial scales in short and long versions. Study three introduced an animated hybrid scale. The findings from the three studies suggest that pictorial, hybrid and animated scales demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, making them viable alternatives for assessing perceived usability. However, QX between pictorial and hybrid scales differed considerably. Hybrid instruments received higher ratings on respondent-centred aspects and were more preferred. Furthermore, the findings highlight that some of the favourable qualities of image-based scales appeared to be too optimistic (e.g. reduced completion times). Nevertheless, the notion of increased motivation when using image-based scales could be largely supported. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Feeling ashamed - invasive and protective forms of social communication
Authors:   Copenhagen University, Department of Communication, Elbeshausen Hans , Demir Ahmet ,   Self-employed Consultant & Supervisor
Published: April 2024

Families with a migration background and limited social and cultural capital often experience shame and shaming in unique ways. This article examines the social aspects of these experiences, arguing that shame is not an individual disposition, but rather a feeling of disapproval or rejection from the community whose values are respected and recognized as legitimate. The article distinguishes between invasive and protective forms of social communication. Invasive forms isolate individuals and make it difficult for them to develop a positive self-image. In contrast, protective forms help them regain the social respect they may have lost because of shame. Using a practice-oriented and case-based research design, the article describes and analyses four cases resulting in three different figurations of family shame. Families are understood as figurations that develop and change through both internal (e.g., conflicts, affection, self-constraints) and external (e.g., cultural values, social norms, foreign constraints) factors. Struggles and power differentials within the family and the symbolic power of artistic traditions and beliefs determine what shape a figuration takes and how it can be changed. By anchoring shame experiences in the social space of the family, the concept of dispositional shame is extended by a contextual dimension. In the marginalized family type, the family often transmits and reinforces the social expectations of the ethnic community, preserving the dominant values and leaving individual members feeling insignificant. In other figurations, the family is seen as both a site of internal status struggles and a protective space that shields members from the alienating gaze of others. The results of this study are significant in that the participating families are poorly integrated into Danish society and represent different forms of living on the margins of society. Keywords: shame, shaming, families with a migration background, invasive and protective forms of social communication.
Scientific basis of criminalistic, analytical - operational knowledge
Authors:   MB University in Belgrade (Republic of Serbia), Danilović Nedjo , Manojlović Dragan ,   MB University in Belgrade (Republic of Serbia), Gajić Dejana ,   Megatrend University in Belgrade (Republic of Serbia)
Published: April 2024

The paper looks into the scientific basis of criminalistic analytical-operational knowledge. In criminal proceedings, this type of knowledge is the basis of legal sustainability and credibility of the indictment, criminal investigation and evidence before the court, and for development of public policy in the fight against crime in modern society. The purpose of the paper is to prove that the basis of criminal operational and analytical work is intellectual activity in which the procedures of logical, meaningful, systematic and reasoned, rather than common sense of criminal analysts are strictly followed in the process of acquiring operational knowledge, which includes naming and marking criminal phenomena, processes and events and represents a logical basis for understanding the analytical process in criminalistics. In criminalistic operational-analytical research, accurate, relative and applicable knowledge is gained about a certain subject from the criminal milieu, by applying adequate criminalistic and other research methods, which fulfills two essential preconditions of this type of research, primarily the determined object of criminalistic operational research and verified methods of true or at least probable knowledge. The methodology of the research subject in this paper required the application of the operational method of document content analysis in conjunction with hypothetical-deductive and statistical methods, as well as basic analytical-synthetic methods of knowledge. The research results provided a scientifically based theoretical-methodological view of criminalistic analytics and its end product criminalistic, operational-intervention and operational-instructive knowledge that will be helpful to criminalistic and other analysts and researchers in various state institutions and organizations that have a developed criminalistic-analytical and investigative activity in their organizational structure.
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Urang Kanekes (Baduy) untuk Ketahanan Pangan Masyaraat dan Kontribusinya untuk Ketahanan Pangan di Kabupaten Lebak dan Provinsi Banten
Authors: Fahruqi Muhammad Nur , Moeis Jossy Prananta
Published: April 2024

Pertanian bagi masyarakat adat masih menjadi tumpuan dalam kehidupannya, namun bagi masyarakat Kanekes, Pertanian biasa dijadikan ritual untuk beribadah kepada kepercayaannya, sehingga menjadi kearifan lokal yang menjadi cikal bakal ketahanan pangan masyarakat Kanekes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kearifan lokal yang menjadi faktor penentu ketahanan pangan Urang Kanekes (Baduy), serta kontribusinya terhadap ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Lebak dan Provinsi Banten. Menggunakan mix-method, untuk pendekatan kualitatif kearifan lokal Urang Kanekes, menghasilkan sistem utama pertanian padi huma yang disimpan di leuit merupakan kearifan lokal yang berperan dalam ketahanan pangan, dan selain bertani berjualan madu, duren, gula merah, dan menjadi tour guide yang berkunjung ke Kanekes. Pendekatan kuantitatif memakai regresi dengan data tingkat Kabupaten Lebak dan data tingkat provinsi. Pertama, regresi panel data sebanyak 28 kecamatan di Kabupaten Lebak selama 12 bulan dari tahun 2020-2021, menghasilkan bahwa Kecamatan Leuwidamar di mana Urang Kanekes berada memiliki stok beras yang lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata kecamatan lain di Kabupaten Lebak untuk setiap bulan sepanjang tahun. Kedua, regresi berganda diterapkan untuk 4 indeks pangan (ketahanan, ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, dan kebermanfaatan) dengan data 8 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Banten antara tahun 2018-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal dengan berladang dan disimpan di lumbung merupakan pilar ketersediaan pangan yang penting bagi suatu komunitas dalam hal ini komunitas Urang Kanekes, di mana ketahanan pangan ditingkat komunitas akan berkontribusi ke tingkat-tingkat selanjutnya hingga tingkat Nasional.
Pengaruh Gaya Hidup dan Media Sosial terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Generasi Z di Kota Medan dengan Literasi Keuangan sebagai Media Intervening
Authors: Asrun Nicky Armayfa , Gunawan Ade
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pilihan gaya hidup dan keterlibatan media sosial membentuk perilaku konsumen, serta mempertimbangkan peran literasi keuangan dalam memoderasi dampak ini baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori, penelitian ini berfokus pada seluruh populasi generasi Z perkotaan di Medan. Dengan menggunakan rumus Lemeshow, besar sampel penelitian ditentukan minimal 384 responden. Analisis data mengikuti proses tiga tahap dengan SmartPLS, menggunakan metode PLS-SEM, analisis outer model, analisis inner model, dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya hidup, penggunaan media sosial, dan tingkat literasi keuangan di kalangan generasi Z di Medan berpengaruh langsung terhadap keputusan pembelian mereka. Selain itu, literasi keuangan berfungsi sebagai mediator, mengurangi dampak media sosial dan faktor gaya hidup terhadap perilaku konsumen.
A INCIDÊNCIA DE CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA POR MEIO DE CONDUTAS INADEQUADAS PELO O PROFISSIONAL DE SAÚDE
Authors: Silva Gislene de França Ribeiro da , Alves Maria Fernanda Paniagua , Sousa Tatiane de Paula Branquinho , Lima Ronaldo Nunes
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A violência obstétrica refere-se a toda conduta que fere os direitos das mulheres no decorrer da gestação, sendo na gravidez ou no momento do parto, no estado puerpério e nos casos de aborto. Esses atos de violência acontecem de modo verbal, moral, físico e psicológico. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como finalidade evidenciar práticas que configuram a violência obstétrica, os atos que dificultam a prevenção da mesma e evidenciar as medidas e fatores que contribuem para prevenção da violência obstétrica. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, para o desenvolvimento utilizou -se 21 artigos, conforme os anos de 2018 a 2023 com base nas plataformas de pesquisa Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e através do Google Acadêmico.Resultado: A violência obstétrica configura em práticas prejudiciais com aumento significativo da cesariana, manobra de kristeller, episiotomia, administração de ocitocina e as práticas que dificultam essas medidas preventivas estão relacionada a ausência de lei, banalização, autoritarismo e apropriação do corpo. E em relação a medidas que auxiliam a prevenção estão a humanização do parto, lei do acompanhante, rede cegonha e participação da enfermagem.Conclusão: É possível observamos que a violência obstétrica ocorre de forma repetitiva e cotidiana, em hospitais públicos e privados e são praticados por a equipe multidisciplinar no pré-natal, parto e puerpério e são baseados em abusos físicos/ psicológicos, com base nisso podemos evidenciar a incidência de casos pela a ausência de lei específica que faz com que o profissional de saúde banalize a violência obstétrica e não seja responsabilizado por suas condutas errôneas.
A large role of missing volatile organic compound reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in ozone pollution regulation
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Yuan Bin , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Qi Jipeng , Wang Sihang , Song Wei , Wang Xinming , Xue Chaoyang , Ma Chaoqun , Bao Fengxia , Wang Hongli , Lou Shengrong , Shao Min
Published: April 2024

Abstract. There are thousands of volatile organic compound (VOC) species in ambient air, while existing techniques can only detect a small part of them (approximately several hundred). The large number of unmeasured VOCs prevents us from understanding the photochemistry of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. The major sources and photochemical effects of these unmeasured VOCs in urban areas remain unclear. The missing VOC reactivity, which is defined as the total OH reactivity of the unmeasured VOCs, is a good indicator for constraining the photochemical effect of unmeasured VOCs. Here, we identified the dominant role of anthropogenic emission sources in the missing VOC reactivity (accounting for up to 70 %) by measuring missing VOC reactivity and tracer-based source analysis in a typical megacity in China. Omitting the missing VOC reactivity from anthropogenic emissions in model simulations will remarkably affect the diagnosis of sensitivity regimes for ozone formation, overestimating the degree of VOC-limited regimes by up to 46 %. Therefore, a thorough quantification of missing VOC reactivity from various anthropogenic emission sources is urgently needed for constraints of air quality models and the development of effective ozone control strategies.
Reaction of SO3 with H2SO4 and its implications for aerosol particle formation in the gas phase and at the air–water interface
Authors: Wang Rui , Cheng Yang , Chen Shasha , Li Rongrong , Hu Yue , Guo Xiaokai , Zhang Tianlei , Song Fengmin , Li Hao
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The reactions between SO3 and atmospheric acids are indispensable in improving the formation of aerosol particles. However, relative to those of SO3 with organic acids, the reaction of SO3 with inorganic acids has not received much attention. Here, we explore the atmospheric reaction between SO3 and H2SO4, a typical inorganic acid, in the gas phase and at the air–water interface using quantum chemical (QC) calculations and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. We also report the effect of H2S2O7, the product of the reaction between SO3 and H2SO4, on new particle formation (NPF) in various environments using the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) kinetic model and QC calculations. The present findings show that the gas-phase reactions of SO3 + H2SO4 without and with water molecules are both low-energy-barrier processes. With the involvement of interfacial water molecules, H2O induced the formation of the S2O72-⋯H3O+ ion pair, HSO4- mediated the formation of the HSO4-⋯H3O+ ion pair, and the deprotonation of H2S2O7 was observed and proceeded on the picosecond timescale. The present findings suggest the potential contribution of the SO3–H2SO4 reaction to NPF and aerosol particle growth, showing that (i) although H2S2O7 is easily hydrolyzed with water to form H2SO4, it can directly participate in H2SO4–NH3-based cluster formation and can present a more obvious enhancement effect on SA–A-based cluster formation, and (ii) the formed interfacial S2O72- can attract candidate species from the gas phase to the water surface and, thus, accelerate particle growth.
Extending the wind profile beyond the surface layer by combining physical and machine learning approaches
Authors: Liu Boming , Ma Xin , Guo Jianping , Wen Renqiang , Li Hui , Jin Shikuan , Ma Yingying , Guo Xiaoran , Gong Wei
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Accurate estimation of the wind profile, especially in the lowest few hundred meters of the atmosphere, is of great significance for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector. Nevertheless, the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory fails above the surface layer over a heterogeneous underlying surface, causing an unreliable wind profile to be obtained from conventional extrapolation methods. To solve this problem, we propose a novel method called the PLM-RF method that combines the power-law method (PLM) with the random forest (RF) algorithm to extend wind profiles beyond the surface layer. The underlying principle is to treat the wind profile as a power-law distribution in the vertical direction, with the power-law exponent (α) determined by the PLM-RF model. First, the PLM-RF model is constructed based on the atmospheric sounding data from 119 radiosonde (RS) stations across China and in conjunction with other data such as surface wind speed, land cover type, surface roughness, friction velocity, geographical location, and meteorological parameters from June 2020 to May 2021. Afterwards, the performance of the PLM-RF, PLM, and RF methods over China is evaluated by comparing them with RS observations. Overall, the wind speed at 100 m from the PLM-RF model exhibits high consistency with RS measurements, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.87 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.92 m s−1. By contrast, the R2 and RMSE of wind speed results from the PLM (RF) method are 0.75 (0.83) and 1.37 (1.04) m s−1, respectively. This indicates that the estimates from the PLM-RF method are much closer to observations than those from the PLM and RF methods. Moreover, the RMSE of the wind profiles estimated by the PLM-RF model is relatively large for highlands, while it is small for plains. This result indicates that the performance of the PLM-RF model is affected by the terrain factor. Finally, the PLM-RF model is applied to three atmospheric radiation measurement sites for independent validation, and the wind profiles estimated by the PLM-RF model are found to be consistent with Doppler wind lidar observations. This confirms that the PLM-RF model has good applicability. These findings have great implications for the weather, climate, and renewable energy sector.
An improved OMI ozone profile research product version 2.0 with collection 4 L1b data and algorithm updates
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Yang Kai , Gonzalez Abad Gonzalo , O'Sullivan Ewan , Chance Kelly , Kim Cheol-Hee
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We describe the new and improved version 2 of the ozone profile research product from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. One of the major changes is to switch the OMI L1b data from collection 3 to the recent collection 4 as well as the accompanying auxiliary datasets. The algorithm details are updated on radiative transfer model calculation and measurement calibrations, along with the input changes in meteorological data, and with the use of a tropopause-based ozone profile climatology, an improved high-resolution solar reference spectrum, and a recent ozone absorption cross-section dataset. A super Gaussian is applied to better represent OMI slit functions instead of a normal Gaussian. The effect of slit function errors on the spectral residuals is further accounted for as pseudo-absorbers in the iterative fit process. The OMI irradiances are averaged into monthly composites to reduce noise uncertainties in OMI daily measurements and to cancel out the temporal variations of instrument characteristics that are common in both radiance and irradiance measurements, which was previously neglected due to use of climatological composites. The empirical soft calibration spectra are re-derived to be consistent with the updated implementations and derived annually to remove the time-varying systematic biases between measured and simulated radiances. The “common mode” correction spectra are derived from remaining residual spectra after soft calibration as a function of solar zenith angle. The common mode is included as a pseudo-absorber in the iterative fit process, which helps to reduce the discrepancies of ozone retrieval accuracy between lower and higher solar zenith angles and between nadir and off-nadir pixels. Validation with ozonesonde measurements demonstrates the improvements of ozone profile retrievals in the troposphere, especially around the tropopause. The retrieval quality of tropospheric column ozone is improved with respect to the seasonal consistency between winter and summer as well as the long-term consistency before and after the row-anomaly occurrence.
Convection-permitting climate model representation of severe convective wind gusts and future changes in southeastern Australia
Authors: Brown Andrew , Dowdy Andrew , Lane Todd P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Previous research has suggested that the frequency and intensity of surface hazards associated with thunderstorms and convection, such as severe convective winds (SCWs), could potentially change in a future climate due to global warming. However, because of the small spatial scales associated with SCWs, they are unresolved in global climate models, and future climate projections are uncertain. Here, we evaluate the representation of SCW events in a convection-permitting climate model (Bureau of Meteorology Regional Projections for Australia, BARPAC-M), run over southeastern Australia for December–February months. We also assess changes in SCW event frequency in a projected future climate for the year 2050, and compare this with an approach based on identifying large-scale environments favourable for SCWs from a regional parent model (BARPA-R). This is done for three different types of SCW events that have been identified in this region, based on clustering of the large-scale environment. Results show that BARPAC-M representation of the extreme daily maximum wind gust distribution is improved relative to the gust distribution simulated by the regional parent model. This is due to the high spatial resolution of BARPAC-M output, as well as partly resolving strong and short-lived gusts associated with convection. However, BARPAC-M significant overestimates the frequency of simulated SCW events, particularly in environments having steep low-level temperature lapse rates. A future decrease in SCW frequency under steep lapse rate conditions is projected by BARPAC-M, along with less frequently favourable large-scale environments. In contrast, an increase in SCW frequency is projected under high surface moisture conditions, with more frequently favourable large-scale environments. Therefore, overall changes in SCWs for this region remain uncertain, due to different responses between event types, combined with historical model biases.
Propagation from Meteorological Drought to Hydrological Drought Using SPI and SPEI Combined with the Adapted Threshold Level Method
Authors: Medeiros Giovana Cristina Santos de , Silva Samiria Maria Oliveira da
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The hydrological response within a region is often nonlinear, influenced by various factors such as physiographic features, anthropogenic activities, and climate change. Considering the inherent complexity, our study focuses on investigating the propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in the Banabuiú, Castanhão, and Orós reservoirs, located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. To achieve this, we used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to identify meteorological drought events, which uses precipitation data, alongside the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), incorporating potential evapotranspiration in its calculations. For assessing hydrological drought, we used the Adapted Threshold Level Method (ATLM), which calculates the water balance between the supply (represented available reservoir volume) and the demand (including withdrawals for various uses and evaporation losses from the watershed). For all three reservoirs, drought events were characterized by their frequency, duration, severity, magnitude, and drought recovery time across three aggregated time scales of 12, 24, and 36 months. To determine the propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought, we calculated three indicators, corresponding to time differences between the onsets, peaks, and conclusions of the propagated drought events. Results indicated no significant differences in meteorological drought characteristics between SPI and SPEI methods. However, the SPEI showed higher values for meteorological drought in the Orós watershed. Analysis of drought propagation, employing different methods, revealed no defined pattern for the onset, peak, and end intervals across all tested combinations. Hence, we recommended utilizing all three indicators to enable a more comprehensive analysis of drought events propagated within the watersheds.
Western disturbances and climate variability: a review of recent developments
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Baudouin Jean-Philippe , Turner Andrew G. , Dimri A. P. , Jeelani Ghulam ,   Pooja, Chattopadhyay Rajib , Cannon Forest , Arulalan T. , Shekhar M. S. , Sabin T. P. , Palazzi Eliza
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Western disturbances (WDs) are synoptic-scale weather systems embedded within the subtropical westerly jet. Manifesting as upper-level troughs often associated with a lower-tropospheric low over Western India, they share some dynamical features with extratropical cyclones. WDs are most common during the boreal winter (December to March), during which they bring the majority of precipitation – both rain and snow – to the Western Himalaya, as well as to surrounding areas of north India, Pakistan and the Tibetan Plateau. WDs are also associated with weather hazards such as heavy snowfall, hailstorms, fog, cloudbursts, avalanches, frost, and coldwaves. In this paper, we review the recent understanding and development on WDs. Recent studies have collectively made use of novel data, novel analysis techniques, and the increasing availability of high-resolution weather and climate models. This review is separated into six main sections – structure and thermodynamics, precipitation and impacts, teleconnections, modelling experiments, forecasting at a range of scales, and paleoclimate and climate change – each motivated with a brief discussion of the accomplishments and limitations of previous research. A number of step changes in understanding are synthesised. Use of new modelling frameworks and tracking algorithms has significantly improved knowledge of WD structure and variability, and a more frequentist approach can now be taken. Improved observation systems have helped quantification of water security over the Western Himalaya. Convection-permitting models have improved our understanding of how WDs interact with the Himalayas to trigger natural hazards. Improvements in paleoclimate and future climate modelling experiments have helped to explain how WDs and their impacts over the Himalaya respond to large-scale natural and anthropogenic forcings. We end by summarising unresolved questions and outlining key future WD research topics.
Time-varying Atmospheric Waveguides – Climatologies and Connections to Quasi-Stationary Waves
Authors: White Rachel H.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric waveguides have been linked to amplified atmospheric Rossby waves and therefore to extreme weather events in the mid-latitudes. Waveguides have often been calculated on zonal-mean data, and/or on timescales of a month or longer. Here, I develop an objective algorithm to detect barotropic waveguides, and create a dataset of time- and spatially-varying waveguides in both summer and winter for both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere (NH/SH), including a metric of waveguide depth. In this dataset, waveguides for waves of zonal wavenumber 5 exist in the extra-tropics on more than 40 % of days across many longitudes, with the frequency of occurrence reducing for higher zonal wavenumbers. Waveguides tend to be more frequent, and deeper, in summer than in winter, and more frequent in the NH than the SH. Composites of days with high spatial mean waveguide depth over particular regions show a double jet structure associated with strong waveguide occurrence, consistent with previous research. Significant positive correlations exist between waveguide depth and the presence/strength of quasi-stationary waves. In the SH these correlations are strong across much of the mid-latitudes in both seasons, whilst in the NH significant correlations are found only over the Atlantic, Europe and Asia during NH summer, with the strongest correlations over the Atlantic and western Europe, a region notable for its strong positive trend in extreme heat temperature events in recent decades.
Biological response of eelgrass epifauna, Taylor’s sea hare (Phyllaplysia taylori) and eelgrass isopod (Idotea resecata), to elevated ocean alkalinity
Authors: Jones Kristin , Hemery Lenaïg , Ward Nicholas , Regier Peter , Ringham Mallory , Eisaman Matthew
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) approaches are under development to mitigate the effects of climate change with potential co-benefits of local reduction of ocean acidification impacts. One such method is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). A specific OAE method that avoids issues of solid dissolution kinetics and the release of impurities into the ocean is the generation of aqueous alkalinity via electrochemistry to enhance the alkalinity of the surrounding water and extract acid from seawater. While electrochemical acid extraction is a promising method for increasing the carbon dioxide sequestration potential of the ocean, the biological effects of this method are relatively unknown. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by testing the effects of increased pH and alkalinity, delivered in the form of aqueous base, on two ecologically important eelgrass epifauna in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, Taylor’s sea hare (Phyllaplysia taylori) and eelgrass isopod (Idotea resecata), across pH treatments ranging from 7.8 to 9.3. Four-day experiments were conducted in closed bottles to allow measurements of the evolution of carbonate species throughout the experiment with water refreshed twice daily to maintain elevated pH. Sea hares experienced mortality in all pH treatments, ranging from 40 % mortality at pH 7.8 to 100 % mortality at pH 9.3. Isopods experienced lower mortality rates in all treatment groups, which did not significantly increase with higher pH treatments. Different invertebrate species will likely have different responses to increased pH and alkalinity, depending on their physiological vulnerabilities. Investigation of the potential vulnerabilities of local marine species will help inform the decision-making process regarding mCDR planning and permitting.
French coastal network for carbonate system monitoring: the CocoriCO2 dataset
Authors: Petton Sébastien , Pernet Fabrice , Le Roy Valérian , Huber Matthias , Martin Sophie , Macé Éric , Bozec Yann , Loisel Stéphane , Rimmelin-Maury Peggy , Grossteffan Émilie , Repecaud Michel , Quemener Loïc , Retho Michael , Manac'h Soazig , Papin Mathias , Pineau Philippe , Lacoue-Labarthe Thomas , Deborde Jonathan , Costes Louis , Polsenaere Pierre , Rigouin Loïc , Benhamou Jérémy , Gouriou Laure , Lequeux Joséphine , Labourdette Nathalie , Savoye Nicolas , Messiaen Grégory , Foucault Elodie , Ouisse Vincent , Richard Marion , Lagarde Franck , Voron Florian , Kempf Valentin , Mas Sébastien , Giannecchini Léa , Vidussi Francesca , Mostajir Behzad , Leredde Yann , Alliouane Samir , Gattuso Jean-Pierre , Gazeau Frédéric
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have risen steadily and have induced a decrease of the averaged surface ocean pH by 0.1 units, corresponding to an increase in ocean acidity of about 30 %. In addition to ocean warming, ocean acidification poses a tremendous challenge to some marine organisms, especially calcifiers. The need for long-term oceanic observations of pH and temperature is a key element to assess the vulnerability of marine communities and ecosystems to these pressures. Nearshore productive environments, where a large majority of shellfish farming activities are conducted, are known to present pH levels as well as amplitudes of daily and seasonal variations that are much larger than those observed in the open ocean. Yet, to date, there are very few coastal observation sites where these parameters are measured simultaneously and at high frequency. To bridge this gap, an observation network was initiated in 2021 in the framework of the CocoriCO2 project. Six sites were selected along the French Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines based on their importance in terms of shellfish production and the presence of high- and low-frequency monitoring activities. At each site, autonomous pH sensors were deployed, both inside and outside shellfish production areas, next to high-frequency CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) probes operated through two operating monitoring networks. pH sensors were set to an acquisition rate of 15 min, and discrete seawater samples were collected biweekly in order to control the quality of pH data (laboratory spectrophotometric measurements) as well as to measure total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations for full characterization of the carbonate system. While this network has been up and running for more than 2 years, the acquired dataset has already revealed important differences in terms of pH variations between monitored sites related to the influence of diverse processes (freshwater inputs, tides, temperature, biological processes). Data are available at https://doi.org/10.17882/96982 (Petton et al., 2023a).
ChinaRiceCalendar – seasonal crop calendars for early-, middle-, and late-season rice in China
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Xiaobo , Wang Shaoqiang , Liu Jinyuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Zhenhai , Chen Shiliang , Wang Qinyi , Zhu Tongtong , Wang Lunche , Wang Lizhe
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Long time series and large-scale rice calendar datasets provide valuable information for agricultural planning and field management in rice-based cropping systems. However, current regional-level rice calendar datasets do not accurately distinguish between rice seasons in China, causing uncertainty in crop model simulation and climate change impact analysis. Based on satellite remote sensing data, we extracted transplanting, heading, and maturity dates of early-, middle-, and late-season rice across China from 2003 to 2022 and established a multi-season rice calendar dataset named ChinaRiceCalendar (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EUP8EY, Liu et al., 2023). Overall, the ChinaRiceCalendar dataset shows good agreement with field-observed phenological dates of early-, middle-, and late-season rice in Chinese agricultural meteorological stations (AMSs). According to the calendar data from 2003 to 2022 in China, the transplanting dates for early-, middle-, and late-season rice shifted by +0.7, −0.7, and −5.1 DOY (day of year) per decade, respectively; the heading dates for early-, middle-, and late-season rice shifted by −0.5, +2.7, and −0.6 DOY per decade, respectively; the maturity dates for early-, middle-, and late-season rice shifted by −0.7, +3.8, and −1.6 DOY per decade, respectively. ChinaRiceCalendar can be utilized to investigate and optimize the spatiotemporal structure of rice cultivation in China under climate and land use change.
Risk Assessment and Mechanism of Water Inrush in Water-rich Deep-buried Karst Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lei Mingtang , Wang Shaoqing , Zhang Xiaotian , Chen Hai , Jiang Xiaozhen
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Water inrush disaster is the main geological disaster of water-rich and deep-buried karst tunnel, which is extremely harmful and threatens tunnel construction and construction safety. When building tunnels in water-rich and deep-buried karst areas, it has become a major challenge to evaluate the risk and study the mechanism of water inrush from tunnels. In order to solve this problem, this paper takes Nahecun water-rich deep-buried karst tunnel of Tian'e through Fengshan to Bama to Expressway as the research object, analyzes the hydrogeological characteristics of karst area through geological investigation, grasps the characteristics of groundwater occurrence and migration, finds out the main disaster-causing factors and influencing factors of water inrush disaster in karst tunnel, reasonably selects the influencing factors of water inrush and their weights to construct a combined weighting -TOPSIS method tunnel water inrush risk assessment system, verifies the evaluation system through field excavation experiments, and analyzes the water inrush mechanism of karst tunnel by using finite element analysis software. The research results show that the main influencing factors of water inrush in karst tunnel include stratum, geological structure, topography, hydrogeological conditions and other factors. The evaluation weight of each index is obtained by using analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method, and the distance and relative proximity between the typical tunnel section and the ideal solution are obtained according to the combined weight -TOPSIS method, so as to evaluate the water inrush risk of Nahecun tunnel section. Based on the equivalent continuum model and Hoek-Brown yield criterion, a three-dimensional simulation model of Nahecun tunnel is established, and the pore water pressure of initial stress-seepage coupling and secondary stress-seepage coupling after excavation is carried out. It is concluded that the pore water pressure near the two sides of the cave is higher than that above, and the area with higher pore water pressure near the cave on the left is concentrated around the cave, while the pore water pressure on the right side is dispersed. The pore water pressure around the initial coupling cave is obviously higher than that around the secondary coupling cave, and the maximum pore water pressure on the left side of the cave is greater than that on the right side of the cave. The research results provide theoretical data support for water inrush risk assessment and water inrush mechanism research of deep-buried karst tunnel with rich water.
Exploring the relationship between sea ice and phytoplankton growth in the Weddell Gyre using satellite and Argo float data
Authors: Douglas Clara Celestine , Briggs Nathan , Brown Peter , MacGilchrist Graeme , Naveira Garabato Alberto
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Some of the highest rates of primary production across the Southern Ocean occur in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ), making this a prominent area of importance for both local ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. There, the annual advance and retreat of ice impacts light and nutrient availability, as well as the circulation and stratification, thereby imposing a dominant control on phytoplankton growth. In this study, the drivers of variability in phytoplankton growth between 2002–2020 in the Weddell Gyre SIZ were assessed using satellite net primary production (NPP) products alongside chlorophyll-a and particulate organic carbon (POC) data from autonomous biogeochemical floats. Although the highest daily rates of NPP are consistently observed in the continental shelf region (water depths shallower than 2000 m), the open-ocean region's larger size and longer ice-free season mean that it dominates biological carbon uptake within the Weddell Gyre, accounting for 93 %–96 % of the basin's total annual NPP. Variability in the summer maximum ice-free area is the strongest predictor of inter-annual variability in total NPP across the Weddell Gyre, with greater ice-free area resulting in greater annual NPP, explaining nearly half of the variance (R2=42 %). In the shelf region, the return of sea ice cover controls the end of the productive season. In the open ocean, however, both satellite NPP and float data show that a decline in NPP occurs before the end of the ice-free season (∼ 80 to 130 d after sea ice retreat). Evidence of concurrent increases in float-observed chlorophyll-a and POC suggest that later in the summer season additional factors such as micro-nutrient availability or top-down controls (e.g. grazing) could be limiting NPP. These results indicate that in a warmer and more ice-free Weddell Gyre, notwithstanding compensating changes in nutrient supply, NPP is likely to be enhanced only up to a certain limit of ice-free days.
AVIATEKHPOM: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Yurin Aleksandr Yu. , Kotlov Yuri V. ,   Moscow State Technical University   of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk Branch)
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the results of a project to create an intelligent decision support system for troubleshooting aircraft failures and malfunctions by the Aviation Technical Assistant (AviaTekhPom). The main implemented algorithms, functions, architecture and prototype of the system are described, as well as the further direction of the project development. The Sukhoi Superjet power supply system was chosen as the target object for testing solutions. The current version of the system provides processing of information presented in cards of accounting of malfunctions of aviation equipment and troubleshooting manuals, based on approaches known as rule-based reasoning and case-based reasoning. For preparation and modification of knowledge bases, a tabular formalism of knowledge representation is used, which provides the possibility of using publicly available tabular editors and CSV format. The developed algorithms are implemented in the form of conceptual prototypes of a desktop application and a chatbot.
ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT AS QUALITY PROPERTIES OF FACILITIES AND PRODUCTS
Authors:   SOYUZCERT LLC, Khersonsky Nikolai S. , Bolshedvorskaya Ludmila G. ,   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation
Published: April 2024

Reliability is the most important characteristics of any object or product, since it is always important that what the supplier offers and supplies is of high quality not only at the time of purchase, but during the entire period of use. Currently, for the aviation and aerospace industries, for the military-industrial complex, the reliability of products is of particular relevance. This article provides an overview of scientific achievements in the field of reliability of technical facilities and products. Of course, this review is not overall. However, the consideration reflects a significant part of books, monographs and other fundamental materials that have not lost their relevance to the present. The results of the study are a kind of guide to the labyrinth of the most difficult problems of solving reliability problems and methods that can be used to solve them.
SIMULATION OF ADS-B DATA CONFIRMATION WITH TEMPERATURE CORRECTION WHEN ESTIMATING FLIGHT ALTITUDE ON LOCAL AIR LINES (PART 2)
Authors:   The State Scientific Research Institute   of Civil Aviation (GosNII GA), Kalintsev Andrey S.
Published: April 2024

In the first part of the article, the author proposed a modified method for confirming the ADS-B data, which estimates and compares the aircraft flight altitude: barometric altitude (received from a barometric pressure altimeter) and geometric altitude (received from a GNSS receiver). In the presented work, application of the modified technique for confirming the ADS-B geometric altitude data is simulated. When simulating, real data were used which were received from the ADS-B ground station located at the Mezen aerodrome. Real values of pressure and temperature were used. The methodology takes into account the values of quality indicators of ADS-B data. For one flight on local airlines, an excess of the permissible interval was shown (GNSS data, according to the methodology, are not confirmed). The result obtained is consistent with the geometric vertical accuracy parameter GVA. To verify the modified method of the temperature determination according to geometric and barometric altitude, the obtained temperature data are compared with the values of the ECMWF forecasting model. The average RMSE value for 11 flights was 1.58 єС. For climbing aircraft the maximum RMSE value was 1.93 єС, for landing aircraft, maximum RMSE = 2.7°C.