bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charpy Impact Test Methods for Cementitious Composites: Review and Commentary
Authors: Thomas Robert J. , Sorensen Andrew D.
Published: March 2018

Several researchers have recently employed the Charpy method to characterize the high strain rate mechanical strength of cementitious composites. This paper provides a critical review of existing applications of the Charpy method for impact testing of cementitious composites. Studies have employed various specimen sizes and geometries. Additionally, some studies have tested notched specimens while others have tested plain. Furthermore, varying methods of normalization result in results reported in a variety of incompatible units. The lack of consistency between studies limits the basis for comparison and the ability to validate results, which demonstrates a clear need for a standardized method for Charpy impact testing of cementitious composites. The authors recommend best practices based on sound mechanical principles and existing literature. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of the Charpy method are discussed and its efficacy is compared with other prevalent methods for impact testing of cementitious composites.
Effect of Silver Addition on Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Cracking in a Predeformed and Overaged 7055 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Shakouri Mehdi , Esmailian Mohammad , Shabestari Saeed
Published: March 2018

The effect of silver on mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in a predeformed and overaged 7055 aluminum alloy was investigated. The treatment consisted of solution treating the specimens and then applying 5 % plastic deformation (compression) before aging. The next operation was aging the specimens at 121°C for 24 hours and overaging them at 175°C for 10 hours. Properties of the alloys were investigated by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield tensile strength (YTS) for the silver-free alloy were 580 and 520 MPa, respectively, and increased to 594 and 567 MPa after the addition of 0.39 % silver. Moreover, the stress corrosion resistance increased ≥ 23 % after adding 0.2 % silver. It can be seen that the addition of silver to predeformed and overaged 7055 aluminum alloy slightly improves the UTS and YTS and increases resistance to SCC significantly. These improvements are due to the interrupting effect of silver on the continuity of magnesium-rich precipitates and the increasing copper absorption in the precipitates.
High Temperature Characteristics of a Carbon Strip Sliding against Copper with Electrical Current
Authors: Ding T. , He Q. D. , Yang Yi , Fan Y. J. , Yuan J. , Wang S. Q.
Published: March 2018

High temperature and arc discharge are two important phenomena that occur in the electrical sliding processes. The extensive adhesive wear, due to high temperature, and arc erosive wear are two mechanisms that potentially cause severe wear of copper-carbon strips with electrical current. Herein, we describe a series of experiments done to better understand the high-temperature characteristics of a carbon strip rubbing against copper with electrical current passing from one to the other. During the experiments, the temperature of the copper-carbon strips was recorded and the wear volumes of carbon strips were measured. The results show that the carbon strip wear volumes are larger when electrical currents pass through the strips. To study how the temperature affects the wear of carbon strips, several wear tests were conducted at an elevated temperature both with and without electrical currents. The results show that adhesive wear is the main mechanism to cause severe wear of carbon strips.
Measuring and Validating the Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Human Serum
Authors: Naegelin Yvonne , Dingsdale Hayley , Säuberli Katharina , Schädelin Sabine , Kappos Ludwig , Barde Yves-Alain
Published: March 2018

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secreted by neurons is a significant component of synaptic plasticity. In humans, it is also present in blood platelets where it accumulates following its biosynthesis in megakaryocytes. BDNF levels are thus readily detectable in human serum and it has been abundantly speculated that they may somehow serve as an indicator of brain function. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty with regard to the range of BDNF levels that can be considered normal, how stable these values are over time and even whether BDNF levels can be reliably measured in serum. Using monoclonal antibodies and a sandwich ELISA, this study reports on BDNF levels in the serum of 259 volunteers with a mean value of 32.69 ± 8.33 ng/ml (SD). The mean value for the same cohort after 12 months was not significantly different (N= 226, 32.97 ± 8.36 ng/ml SD,p= 0.19). Power analysis of these values indicates that relatively large cohorts are necessary to identify significant differences, requiring a group size of 60 to detect a 20% change. The levels determined by ELISA could be validated by Western blot analyses using a BDNF monoclonal antibody. While no association was observed with gender, a weak, positive correlation was found with age. The overall conclusions are that BDNF levels can be reliably measured in human serum, that these levels are quite stable over one year, and that comparisons between two populations may only be meaningful if cohorts of sufficient sizes are assembled.
Acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors: where we stand!
Authors: Augusto Tiago Vieira , Correia-da-Silva Georgina , Rodrigues Cecília M P , Teixeira Natércia , Amaral Cristina
Published: March 2018

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are one of the principal therapeutic approaches for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. They block estrogen biosynthesis through aromatase inhibition, thus preventing tumour progression. Besides the therapeutic success of the third-generation AIs, acquired resistance may develop, leading to tumour relapse. This resistance is thought to be the result of a change in the behaviour of ER in these breast cancer cells, presumably by PI3K/AKT pathway enhancement along with alterations in other signalling pathways. Nevertheless, biological mechanisms, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle modulation and activation of androgen receptor (AR), are also implicated in acquired resistance. Moreover, clinical evidence demonstrated that there is a lack of cross-resistance among AIs, although the reason is not fully understood. Thus, there is a demand to understand the mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance to each AI, since the search for new strategies to surpass breast cancer acquired resistance is of major concern.
Основні засади співпраці дошкільних навчальних закладів із родинами вихованців
Authors: Datsun Olena
Published: March 2018

У статті акцентується на значущості сімейного виховання; підкреслюється важливість тісного взаємозв’язку сім’ї та дошкільного навчального закладу; виокремлюються основні принципи їхньої взаємодії; обґрунтовуються ефективні форми та методи їхньої співпраці.
Музична етнопедагогіка у контексті науково-народознавчих розвідок Івана Франка
Authors: Vovk Myron , Savchuk Volodymyr
Published: March 2018

У статті на основі вивчення, аналізу і систематизації матеріалів автор розкриває народознавчі тенденції розвитку музичної етнопедагогіки у творчості Івана Яковича Франка.
Умови ефективного соціально-педагогічного супроводу дітей із сімей, постраждалих у ході АТО
Authors: Protas Oxana
Published: March 2018

У статті розглянуто особливості сімей, постраждалих у ході АТО, основні проблеми, які можуть спостерігатися у дітей із таких сімей. Обґрунтовано необхідність допомоги таким дітям. Виявлено, що домінуючим видом / технологією роботи з дітьми із сімей, постраждалих у ході АТО є супровід. Представлено аналіз супроводу у соціальному, педагогічному, соціально-педагогічному аспектах. Виокремлено умови ефективного соціально-педагогічного супроводу дітей із сімей, постраждалих у ході АТО.
Готовність майбутніх соціальних педагогів до формування волонтерської культури фахівця: критерії і показники оцінювання
Authors: Volochiy Yuliana
Published: March 2018

У статті обгрунтовано критерії і показники готовності майбутніх соціальних педагогів до формування волонтерської культури фахівця. Подається визначення “волонтерська культура” особистості, проаналізовано зміст та особливості гносеологічного, конструктивно-проективного, організаційного, комунікативного, перцептивно-рефлексивного компонентів професійних здібностей волонтера.
Вплив навчального процесу ВНЗ на розвиток професійної мобільності майбутніх учителів початкової школи
Authors: Kilichenko Oxana
Published: March 2018

У статті розкриваються особливості організації навчального процесу з метою розвитку професійної мобільності майбутніх учителів початкової школи. Проаналізовано терміни та критерії визначення поняття “професійна мобільність педагога”. Визначено основні положення проблеми організації навчального процесу у ВНПЗ з метою розвитку мобільного фахівця.
Структура політичної культури курсантів вищих військових закладів
Authors: Levko Maryana
Published: March 2018

У статті обґрунтовано структурні елементи політичної культури особистості. Проаналізовано підходи і терміни поняття “політична культура”, “спрямованість політичної поведінки” курсантів ВВЗ. Визначено різновиди спрямованості політичної поведінки особи, зіставлені з основним підходами спрямованості у різних культурах особистості.
Формування соціокультурної компетенції майбутніх учителів іноземної мови
Authors: Semenova Olga
Published: March 2018

У статті зосереджено увагу на важливості соціокультурного аспекту у процесі вивчення іноземних мов. На основі аналізу наукових джерел автором розкрито сутність терміну “соціокультурна компетенція” та підкреслено необхідність залучення всіх компонентів соціокультурної компетенції у навчальному процесі. Зазначено, що у структурному плані соціокультурна компетенція є комплексним явищем і включає в себе набір компонентів, які відносяться до різноманітних категорій: лінгвокраїнознавчий, соціально-психологічний, культуро¬логічний компоненти. Стисло описано основні фактори впливу на формування та розвиток соціокультурної компетенції.Наголошується на доцільності культурологічної спрямованості навчання іноземним мовам. Подальше вивчення запропонованої теми стане корисним у пошуку нових, більш ефективних методів навчання іноземним мовам.
Релігійний напрям соціально-педагогічної підтримки дитинства й материнства в сучасній Україні
Authors: Stynska Vіktoriia
Published: March 2018

У статті розглянуто релігійний напрям соціально-педагогічної підтримки дитинства й материнства в сучасній Україні.З’ясовано, що завдяки масштабній діяльності УГКЦ в Україні звернено увагу на інститут родини – при храмах створюють катехитичні школи, родинні центри, організовують катехитичні реколекції, сімейні форуми та ін., основне завдання яких – катехизація дітей і дорослих, педагогічна підготовка батьків до виховання власних дітей на засадах гуманізму, милосердя, доброчинності, отримання кваліфікованої поради психолога, лікаря та ін.
Особливості розвитку дітей дошкільного віку з вадами зору: підготовка до школи
Authors: Maletska Anna , Chupakhina Svitlana
Published: March 2018

В статті проаналізовано проблеми розвитку та навчання дітей дошкільного віку з вадами зору. Обґрунтовано необхідність підготовки таких дітей до навчання у школі та умови забезпечення процесу навчання, виховання, корекції первинних і вторинних відхилень у розвитку вихованців з порушеннями зору, розвиток збережених аналіза¬торів, формування корекційно-компенсаторних навичок, що сприяють соціальній адаптації дітей у суспільство.
Профільний підхід до викладання фізико-математичних дисциплін у ВНЗ студентам електромеханічних спеціальностей
Authors: Litvinova Marуna
Published: March 2018

Розглянуто методику відбору навчального матеріалу, який має використовуватися при профільному викладенні фізики та математики студентам електромеханічних спеціальностей вишив. Проведено відповідне методико-педагогічне дослідження серед студентів Херсонської філії Національного університету кораблебудування імені адм. Макарова. Дослідження встановило, що використання запропонованого підходу до викладання фізики з попереднім профільним викладанням вищої математики студентам електромеханічного напряму навчання покращує результати подальшого вивчення спецкурсів за фахом. Розглянутий підхід може бути рекомендованим при навчанні студентів усіх технічних спеціальностей ВНЗ.
Fast Ordered Sampling of DNA Sequence Variants
Authors: Greenberg Anthony J
Published: March 2018

Explosive growth in the amount of genomic data is matched by increasing power of consumer-grade computers. Even applications that require powerful servers can be quickly tested on desktop or laptop machines if we can generate representative samples from large data sets. I describe a fast and memory-efficient implementation of an on-line sampling method developed for tape drives 30 years ago. Focusing on genotype files, I test the performance of this technique on modern solid-state and spinning hard drives, and show that it performs well compared to a simple sampling scheme. I illustrate its utility by developing a method to quickly estimate genome-wide patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay with distance. I provide open-source software that samples loci from several variant format files, a separate program that performs LD decay estimates, and a C++ library that lets developers incorporate these methods into their own projects.
Tight Regulation of Srs2 Helicase Activity Is Crucial for Proper Functioning of DNA Repair Mechanisms
Authors: Bronstein Alex , Bramson Shay , Shemesh Keren , Liefshitz Batia , Kupiec Martin
Published: March 2018

Proper DNA damage repair is one of the most vital and fundamental functions of every cell. Several different repair mechanisms exist to deal with various types of DNA damage, in various stages of the cell cycle and under different conditions. Homologous recombination is one of the most important repair mechanisms in all organisms. Srs2, a regulator of homologous recombination, is a DNA helicase involved in DNA repair, cell cycle progression and genome integrity. Srs2 can remove Rad51 from ssDNA, and is thought to inhibit unscheduled recombination. However, Srs2 has to be precisely regulated, as failure to do so is toxic and can lead to cell death. We noticed that a very slight elevation of the levels of Srs2 (by addition of a single extra copy of the SRS2 gene) leads to hyper-sensitivity of yeast cells to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, a DNA damaging agent). This effect is seen in haploid, but not in diploid, cells. We analyzed the mechanism that controls haploid/diploid sensitivity and arrived to the conclusion that the sensitivity requires the activity of RAD59 and RDH54, whose expression in diploid cells is repressed. We carried out a mutational analysis of Srs2 to determine the regions of the protein required for the sensitization to genotoxins. Interestingly, Srs2 needs the HR machinery and its helicase activity for its toxicity, but does not need to dismantle Rad51. Our work underscores the tight regulation that is required on the levels of Srs2 activity, and the fact that Srs2 helicase activity plays a more central role in DNA repair than the ability of Srs2 to dismantle Rad51 filaments.
Genetic Reagents for Making Split-GAL4 Lines in Drosophila
Authors: Dionne Heather , Hibbard Karen L , Cavallaro Amanda , Kao Jui-Chun , Rubin Gerald M
Published: March 2018

The ability to reproducibly target expression of transgenes to small, defined subsets of cells is a key experimental tool for understanding many biological processes. The Drosophila nervous system contains thousands of distinct cell types and it has generally not been possible to limit expression to one or a few cell types when using a single segment of genomic DNA as an enhancer to drive expression. Intersectional methods, in which expression of the transgene only occurs where two different enhancers overlap in their expression patterns, can be used to achieve the desired specificity. This report describes a set of over 2800 transgenic lines for use with the split-GAL4 intersectional method.
Genetics and Genomics of Social Behavior in a Chicken Model
Authors: Johnsson Martin , Henriksen Rie , Fogelholm Jesper , Höglund Andrey , Jensen Per , Wright Dominic
Published: March 2018

Johnsson et al. identify multiple genes affecting sociality-related behavior in chickens. They examine the genetic architecture of domestication in the chicken by studying pleiotropy and linkage in hypothalamus tissue. Statistical analyses of their eQTL data...

The identification of genes affecting sociality can give insights into the maintenance and development of sociality and personality. In this study, we used the combination of an advanced intercross between wild and domestic chickens with a combined QTL and eQTL genetical genomics approach to identify genes for social reinstatement, a social and anxiety-related behavior. A total of 24 social reinstatement QTL were identified and overlaid with over 600 eQTL obtained from the same birds using hypothalamic tissue. Correlations between overlapping QTL and eQTL indicated five strong candidate genes, with the gene TTRAP being strongly significantly correlated with multiple aspects of social reinstatement behavior, as well as possessing a highly significant eQTL.
Murâbaha Akdi Bağlamında Fıkıh Mirası ile İlişki Biçimimiz
Authors: Cebeci İsmail
Published: March 2018

Modern meselelere fıkhî çözüm arayışı sürecinde ne tür akıl yürütme ve hüküm üretme faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı ve fıkıh mirasının ve fıkhi-tarihi tecrübenin nasıl değerlendirilip işleme koyulduğu çok önemlidir. Zira bu husus modern dünyada yaşayan fakihlerin (ve Müslümanların) yeni meselelere ve fıkıh mirasına yaklaşım tarzlarını ve ictihad usullerini anlamak için önemli bir harita sunar. Bu çalışmanın hedefi günümüz fakihlerinin modern murâbaha akdi bağlamında klasik fıkıh mirası ile ilişki biçimini  ortaya koymak; başka bir deyişle murâbaha akdi üzerinden klasik fıkıh mirasımızla kurulan ilişki biçimini okumaktır. Çalışmanın ana sorusu; “murâbaha akdinin oluşum ve gelişiminde ortaya çıkan hükümlerin üretim sürecinde klasik fıkıh mirası ile sağlıklı ve tutarlı bir ilişki biçiminden söz edilebilir mi?” sorusudur. Murâbahayı ele alan ve ayrıca klasik fıkıhla ilişki şeklini irdeleyen önemli modern eserler bu çalışmanın temel hareket noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, günümüz fakihlerinin klasik fıkha dair değerlendirme tarzları incelenerek murâbaha akdi özelindeki yaklaşımları analiz edilmektedir. Giriş bölümünün akabinde murâbahanın süreç ve yapı bağlamında klasik fıkıhla ilişkisine değinilmekte, ardından murâbahanın modernize edilmesi sürecinde fakihlerin zihin dünyaları ve klasik fıkha yaklaşım tarzları üzerinde durularak mezhep algısının konuya etkisi incelenmekte ve çalışma murâbaha akdi bağlamında klasik fıkıh mirası ile ilgili çıkarım ve tekliflerle sona ermektedir. 
Please Test My Child for a Cancer Gene, but Don’t Tell Her
Authors: Bester Johan , Sabatello Maya , van Karnebeek Clara D.M. , Lantos John D.
Published: March 2018

A 38-year-old woman is diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that predisposes to a variety of cancers. The woman has an 11-year-old daughter. The geneticist recommends that the child be tested for the Li-Fraumeni genetic variant. The mother is concerned about the impact of testing and diagnosis on Karen’s psychological well-being. She describes Karen as “highly strung” and as “a worrier.” The child has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and is managed by a psychologist for counseling. The child is otherwise well. The mother requests that testing be done without disclosing it to the child by adding the test on to routine blood work done for another reason and requests that the results only be revealed if they are positive. Experts in genetics, law, and bioethics discuss whether it is permissible to test the child without her knowledge or assent.
Development and Validation of a Novel Pediatric Appendicitis Risk Calculator (pARC)
Authors: Kharbanda Anupam B. , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Ballard Dustin W. , Vinson David R. , Chettipally Uli K. , Kene Mamata V. , Dehmer Steven P. , Bachur Richard G. , Dayan Peter S. , Kuppermann Nathan , O’Connor Patrick J. , Kharbanda Elyse O.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to develop and validate a clinical calculator that can be used to quantify risk for appendicitis on a continuous scale for patients with acute abdominal pain.

METHODS:

The pediatric appendicitis risk calculator (pARC) was developed and validated through secondary analyses of 3 distinct cohorts. The derivation sample included visits to 9 pediatric emergency departments between March 2009 and April 2010. The validation sample included visits to a single pediatric emergency department from 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2015. Variables evaluated were as follows: age, sex, temperature, nausea and/or vomiting, pain duration, pain location, pain with walking, pain migration, guarding, white blood cell count, and absolute neutrophil count. We used stepwise regression to develop and select the best model. Test performance of the pARC was compared with the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS).

RESULTS:

The derivation sample included 2423 children, 40% of whom had appendicitis. The validation sample included 1426 children, 35% of whom had appendicitis. The final pARC model included the following variables: sex, age, duration of pain, guarding, pain migration, maximal tenderness in the right-lower quadrant, and absolute neutrophil count. In the validation sample, the pARC exhibited near perfect calibration and a high degree of discrimination (area under the curve: 0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.83 to 0.87) and outperformed the PAS (area under the curve: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 0.80). By using the pARC, almost half of patients in the validation cohort could be accurately classified as at <15% risk or ≥85% risk for appendicitis, whereas only 23% would be identified as having a comparable PAS of <3 or >8.

CONCLUSIONS:

In our validation cohort of patients with acute abdominal pain, the pARC accurately quantified risk for appendicitis.
Drivers of Atrial Fibrillation: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Concerns
Authors: Mann Ian ,   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK, Sandler Belinda ,   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK, Linton Nick ,   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK, Kanagaratnam Prapa ,   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Published: March 2018

Understanding the mechanisms responsible for driving AF is key to improving the procedural success for AF ablation. In this review, we look at some of the proposed drivers of AF, the disagreement between experts and the challenges confronted in attempting to map AF. Defining a ‘driver’ is also controversial, but for the purposes of this review we will consider an AF driver to be either a focal or localised source demonstrating fast, repetitive activity that propagates outward from this source, breaking down in to disorganisation further away from its origin.
Systematic Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in the Community: Evidence and Obstacles
Authors: Chan Ngai-Yin ,   Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
Published: March 2018

With an ageing population globally, the burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its consequent complication of stroke and risk of mortality will continue to increase. Although opportunistic screening for AF by pulse check or ECG rhythm strip for people >65 years of age is currently recommended, data are now emerging that demonstrate the possible benefits of systematic community screening. Such screening is capable of identifying previously undiagnosed AF in 0.5–3.0 % of all those screened. The effectiveness of screening programmes will be markedly weakened by the lack of a structured downstream management pathway, making it a mandatory component in any AF screening programme for the general population. Different tools, especially smartphone-based devices, have made AF screening in the community more feasible. However, the sensitivities and positive predictive values of the current versions of automated diagnostic algorithms for AF have to be improved further to increase the cost-efficiency of screening programmes.
Asymptomatic Ventricular Pre-excitation: Between Sudden Cardiac Death and Catheter Ablation
Authors: Brugada Josep ,   Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic and Paediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Keegan Roberto ,   Electrophysiology Service, Private Hospital of the South, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Published: March 2018

Debate about the best clinical approach to the management of asymptomatic patients with ventricular pre-excitation and advice on whether or not to invasively stratify and ablate is on-going. Weak evidence about the real risk of sudden cardiac death and the potential benefit of catheter ablation has probably prevented the clarification of action in this not infrequent and sometimes conflicting clinical situation. After analysing all available data, real evidence-based medicine could be the alternative strategy for managing this group of patients. According to recent surveys, most electrophysiologists invasively stratify. Based on all accepted risk factors – younger age, male, associated structural heart disease, posteroseptal localisation, ability of the accessory pathway to conduct anterogradely at short intervals of ≤250 milliseconds and inducibility of sustained atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia and/or atrial fibrillation – a shared decisionmaking process on catheter ablation is proposed.
Practical Techniques in Cryoballoon Ablation: How to Isolate Inferior Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Chen Shaojie ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Schmidt Boris ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Bordignon Stefano ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Bologna Fabrizio ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Nagase Takahiko ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Perrotta Laura ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Chun K R Julian ,   Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CBC), Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Published: March 2018

Catheter ablation is the most effective treatment option for patients suffering from symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is the procedural cornerstone. Point-by-point radiofrequency current energy ablation in combination with a 3D electro-anatomical mapping system is the established approach to ablation. In contrast, cryoballoon ablation uses a single-shot approach to facilitate pulmonary vein isolation. However, fixed cryoballoon diameters (28 mm or 23 mm) and non-balloon compliance can lead to technical difficulties in isolating variable pulmonary vein anatomies. This review focuses on key procedural aspects and illustrates practical techniques in cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation to shorten the learning curve without compromising safety and efficacy. It has a special emphasis on inferior pulmonary veins.
Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Markman Timothy M , McBride Daniel A , Liang Jackson J
Published: March 2018

Ventricular tachycardia is a potentially fatal arrhythmia that occurs most frequently in patients with structural heart disease. Acute and long- term management can be complex, requiring an integrated approach with multiple therapeutic modalities including antiarrhythmic drugs, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and catheter ablation. Each of these options has a role in management of ventricular tachycardia and are generally used in combination. It is essential to be aware that each approach has potential deleterious consequences that must be balanced while establishing a treatment strategy. Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia is performed with increasing frequency with rapidly evolving techniques. In this review, we discuss the acute and long-term management of ventricular tachycardia with a focus on techniques and evidence for catheter ablation.
Fulminant Myocarditis: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Seif Emily , Chen Leway , Goldman Bruce
Published: March 2018

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium with a wide spectrum of symptoms and severity. Fulminant myocarditis is a small cohort of this disease that tends to present with sudden onset acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or life-threatening arrhythmias. The most common type, and the one with the best likelihood for recovery, is lymphocytic myocarditis. More rare, and often more fatal, forms are eosinophilic myocarditis and giant cell myocarditis. Delayed recognition and lack of standardized therapy guidelines continue to challenge clinicians treating these critically ill patients. This article will review the most up-to-date literature regarding recognition and recommended treatment for fulminant myocarditis as it pertains to clinical practice.
His Bundle Pacing: State of the Art
Authors: Yuyun Matthew F , Chaudhry Ghulam Muqtada
Published: March 2018

Traditional right ventricular pacing can be associated with adverse remodeling, leading to left ventricular dysfunction, functional mitral regurgitation, left atrial dilatation, as well as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. His bundle pacing (HBP) has emerged as a viable and reliable alternative to right ventricular pacing. HBP has been around since the 1970s, but remained dormant even after the index clinical study in humans in 2000. However, with recently rejuvenated interest, it appears to be a promising strategy for achieving synchronous ventricular pacing. Multiple studies have now shown that HBP is feasible, safe, and offers better outcomes when compared with right ventricular pacing. It has also emerged as an alternative to biventricular pacing for the provision of cardiac resynchronization therapy. This review gives a systematic appraisal of the history, feasibility, safety, techniques, efficacy, benefits, complications, and challenges, and offers a future perspective, of HBP.
A Life in Clio's service. Pre-anniversary notes
Authors: Shliakhov Oleksii Borysovych
Published: March 2018

The article deals with the main milestones of the Professor S.I. Svitlenko's biography, the life and creative path as the famous Ukrainian historian, a dean of the Historical Faculty of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. The author defined his contribution to the development of historical education and science
Crimes of the VUChK personnel and their growth in 1919−1922 (from the documents of the Katerynoslav provincial emergency commission)
Authors: Slivenko Viacheslav Albertovych
Published: March 2018

The author has identified the causes of crime VUChK staff of 1919−1922. In the 1919−1922 most crimes of VUChK staff were made for profit. Officials crimes were committed because of the low level of the material condition of staff VUChK. Excess of official powers be explained by the lack of regulatory framework, low professional and cultural level VUChK staff. The author believes that in this period of great importance was the factor of "revolutionary euphoria" that would justify the use of any means "in the name of ideals of the revolution". In some cases, there have been psychic pathologies of professionals. Another cause of the majority of official crimes was the excessive use of alcoholic drinks. The fight against crime VUChK staff was not always successful. But the fight against crime officers always been a systematic character and did not allowed this social evils to transformed into a global problem. Often the effectiveness of the fight against crimes VUChK staff has been reduced because of factors such as too lenient sentences and connivance, particularly in cases of unscrupulous performance of official duties.
Medieval flower of primrose: museum of Yakov Rubin in Dnipropetrovsk university in 1940−1950s.
Authors: Venger Altbert Hryhorovych , Portnova Tetiana Volodymyrivna
Published: March 2018

The article describes life and professional activity of Yakov Rubin, Soviet historian and pedagogue, specialist in medieval history. Special attention is given to the description of the university museum, created by Rubin in Dnipropetrovsk university in the end of 1940 – at the beginning of 1950s. Rubin is a vivid example of the intellectual of Jewish original, who started a successful pedagogical and scientific carrier in early Soviet times. He was born in Dolginovo (Vilens'ka gubernia), raised in traditional Jewish familyand presumably studied in yeshivah, but after 1917 radically casted aside the life of shtetl. He finished Kharkiv teaching seminary, and later the Minsk university, and gained the diploma of the historian. In the end of 1920s Rubin became the active participant of the korenizatsiaya campaign in Belarussian Soviet Republic, writing numerous textbooks in Yiddish for Jewish schools. He also became of research worker of the Jewish sector in Belarus Academy of sciences. The majority of his works then were devoted to the history of class struggle and promotion of antireligious propaganda. After korenizatsiya was stopped, Ya. Rubin, alongside with many other his colleagues, was criticized for "nationalistic distortions". He was forced to leave his position, though managed to avoid direct repressions and continued scientific carrier as museum worker and lecturer. In 1944 Ya. Rubin, after evacuation from occupied Belarus, arrived to Dnipropetrovsk and headed the department of world history here. He tried to support medieval studies here. One of the main steps in this direction was the creation of special didactical museum. The museum emerged from Rubin's passion for visual methods of teaching – it was expected to make middle ages more visible and vital for history students. Though the museum emerged spontaneously (from the materials, gathered by Ya. Rubin as illustrations for his lectures) and existed by bare enthusiasm of the historian and his students, by the middle of 1950s it had an integral exposition. The ideological message of the museum totally corresponded with the official Soviet historiography: the exposition focused on the glorification of the Russian military victories in the past, anti-church and anti-clergy propaganda and history of class-struggle in Middle Ages. After Rubin's retirement in 1962 the museum declined, but hadn't perished. It changed its specialization and turned into museum of Dnipropetrovsk university, which exists till now.
The policy of "a powerful rise in agriculture" in the mid–1950s – mid–1960s and its results in Ukraine: the professional and production aspect
Authors: Nikiliev Oleksandr Fedorovych
Published: March 2018

It is analyzed the results of the companies due to the providing with agricultural industry by the specialists with high and secondary agricultural education that are exampled in the politics of the state about the powered development of agrarian sphere of the country in a short period. It is mark that the results of realization of agrarian program that was made in 1953 in the part of intellectualization the material sphere of collective farms industry, were unidentified. From one side the radical organized economical changes were happened, the result of what was the change of accent in the system of formation the staffʼs potential of the village. During these changes the specialists were concentrated in the economies and were having the personal responsibilities for the results of actions of the serving and departments. The dates of transformation were accompanied as quantity and quality changes in the staff structure of the leading and governing links of collective farms. From the other side in the middle of 1960th the situation of their security was far away from the necessities of the material sphere of the village in the whole and also in the concrete directions of the agricultural industry.
The annotative review of researches for applicants of the Doctor and the Candidate of the history specialities which were defended in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015
Authors: Boyko Oleh Viktorovych
Published: March 2018

A subject and maintenance of dissertations for the degree of Doctor and the Candidate of historical sciences which were defended in the specialized scientific advice D 08.051.14 in the Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University in 2015 is considered. For a year 2 dissertations for the degree of Doctor (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine") and 4 dissertations for the degree of the Candidate (specialty 07.00.01 "Нistory of Ukraine" – 1 work, 07.00.06 "Нistoriography, a source study and special historical disciplines" – 3 works) were defended. All dissertations were ratified by the Department of education and science of Ukraine. It is given the following information on every research work: theme, specialty, place (department) of work implementation, date of defense of dissertation, scientific consultant (for doctoral thesis) or leader (for candidate's thesis), his scientific degree and rank, place of work, data about official opponents. Considerable attention is spared to the compressed review of the personal achievements of authors especially to scientific novelty of their researches.
Bailarinas y contorsionistas en el Simposio de Jenofonte
Authors: Calero Rodríguez Luis , Lévéder Bernard Gaël
Published: March 2018

En los estudios sobre la mujer en la Antigüedad, las esclavas que eran utilizadas para amenizar las fiestas privadas de los Atenienses adolecen de la falta de un estudio riguroso. Se pretende mostrar en la medida de nuestras posibilidades a estas jóvenes esclavas a la luz del Simposio de Jenofonte, así como realizar un estudio transversal para atisbar algo de la técnica de danza que empleaban según los vestigios iconográficos de que disponemos, como si de una metodología de la danza se tratara. Asimismo, se analizará a las jóvenes acróbatas, de las que la bibliografía es inexistente. El trabajo, por lo tanto, trata de manera interdisciplinar cuestiones filológicas, iconográficas y artísticas en un tipo de investigación que procura aunarlas.
La teoría de la obra de arte total como categoría formal en el primer Romanticismo alemán
Authors: Aizpún Vílchez Iosune
Published: March 2018

Estudiaremos cómo se desarrolla en el Romanticismo temprano la teoría germinal de la obra de arte total como categoría formal, es decir, como la intención de crear una única obra donde se produzca la síntesis de todas las artes. Ésta sería la culminación de un recorrido hacia la totalidad artística que comienza con la creencia en la unidad de las artes, pasa por la fusión de los géneros dentro de cada una de las disciplinas, sigue con el deseo de fusionar las distintas artes y finaliza con la voluntad de que todas estén presentes en una única obra.
Formas de recordar la guerra: violencia en la fotografía y el cine documental de la Revolución mexicana
Authors: Avechuco Cabrera Daniel
Published: March 2018

La fotografía y el cine documental tuvieron un papel protagónico en la construcción de la memoria de la Revolución mexicana y la definición de la nueva identidad nacional. Esta etapa construcción y definición supuso privilegiar y marginar ciertas imágenes, a la vez que, gracias a su ambigüedad o su debilidad semántica, se les reasignó significados a otras, con el propósito de forjar una Revolución favorable, es decir, una Revolución que corroborara las premisas de la retórica nacionalista. El presente artículo analiza cómo este proceso de “edición” repercutió en las representaciones de la violencia de la fotografía y el cine documental, uno de los aspectos más polémicos del movimiento revolucionario en tanto que, además de caos, evidencia proyectos culturales, políticos y sociales incompatibles.
La posibilidad de creencias religioso-regionales. Una aproximación desde el significado de la religión católica en el Occidente de México
Authors: Coss y León Coss y León Domingo , Vázquez Parra José Carlos
Published: March 2018

Cuando hablamos de creencias religiosas, es usual que hagamos referencia a un sistema ideológico por medio del cual un individuo se relaciona con su Dios. Sin embargo, hay algunos de estos códigos morales que consiguen trascender del terreno plenamente espiritual, influyendo de manera muy considerable en la forma en que los individuos se comportan o deciden en la sociedad. El presente artículo busca exponer la posibilidad de creencias de tipo religioso-regionales, las cuales un individuo de una cierta población o ciudad adopte como parte de su forma de ser y elegir, o incluso, como una característica propia de pertenencia, más allá del sentido exclusivamente religioso.
Comparative reservoir limnology in Juramento (Salta) and Salí-Dulce (Tucumán) Basins in Argentina
Authors: Salusso María Mónica , Moraña Liliana Beatriz
Published: March 2018

The reservoirs of the upper Juramento basin (Cabra Corral and El Tunal) and the Salí-Dulce basin (El Cadillal, Río Hondo, and Escaba) show certain peculiarities due to their geographical location, basin morphology and limnological features. Such peculiaritieswere compared duringsignificant algal bloom periodsbetween 2002 and 2008, by analyzing the mainphysicochemical parameters and ecological attributes of the phytoplankton assemblagesusing standard methods. Tucumán reservoirs were different in most variables showing higher values of conductivity, nutrients and algal biomass.Regarding the hydrological cycle, El Cadillal exhibited the lowest biomass average (2.74 mg Chl.m-3) during maximum water flows, whereas the Cabra Corral lacustrine zone exhibited the highest biomass average (63.36 mg Chl.m-3) during minimum water flows. For the same period, the Cabra Corral lacustrine zone exhibited lower phytoplankton diversity and richness (1.37 and 9, respectively), in accordance with dinophyte blooms of Ceratium sp. In all reservoirs, the following biological variables showed a significant contrast in the hydrological cycle: highest phytoplankton biomass during minimum water flows (35.68 mg Chl-a m-3) vs. waterfloods (13.68 mg Chl-a m-3) (T = 3.42, P = 0.001). During minimum water flows, richness (14.30 sp.) and equitability (0.51) were lower vs. waterfloods (20.23, 0.59, respectively) (T = 2.36; P = 0.0196), as a result of the allochthonous nutrients provided by the main tributaries.Management of the reservoirs’hydrometric levels during dry season determines the deterioration of the waterquality with increased algal blooms. In order to ensure the systems’ sustainability, eutrophication must be controlledwithprograms to reduce diffuse nutrient loads and to treat residential and agroindustrial effluents, particularly in Sali-Dulce basin.
Identification and evaluation of (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol as the trail following pheromone on Microcerotermes exiguus (Isoptera:Termitidae)
Authors: Lubes Giuseppe , Cabrera Aivle
Published: March 2018

Trail-following pheromone is one of the most important semiochemical in termites. This pheromone is responsible for the recruitment of individuals from the colony to perform different tasks. The aim of this work was to isolate and identify the trail-following pheromone of Microcerotermes exiguus (Isoptera: Termitidae), a typical termite from the Neotropic, that is considered pest in some crops. Subterranean nest of M. exiguus were collected with a shovel in Caracas, Venezuela in 2010. Different chemical micro-reactions combined with chromatographic analysis of solvent extracts, as well as solid phase microextraction analyses (SPME) were applied to termite sternal glands; besides, some behavioral biossays were undertaken. A peak in the chromatograms from extracts (retention index: 1483), presented a fragmentation pattern with m/z ions: 41; 55; 67; 79; 91; 105; 119; 135; 142; 180, this result alongside behavioral assays allowed us to conclude that (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol (DTOH) acts as the main component of the trail following pheromone. The estimated optimum concentration for termite recruitment and orientation was around 1 pg/cm, being statistically comparable to the value on trails marked with whole body extracts at concentration of 1 worker/cm. The period of time that this compound takes to recruit other colony members is 13.67 ± 5.76 s and lasts up to two hours. Both analytical and behavioral results provided better understanding on the chemical communication of M. exiguus. This information could be used for the future development of newer pest control methods.
Genetic tracing of farmed shrimp (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in wild populations from a main aquaculture region in Mexico
Authors: Perez-Enriquez Ricardo , Medina-Espinoza Jesús A. , Max-Aguilar Adriana , Saucedo-Barrón César J.
Published: March 2018

Release or escapes of aquaculture organisms may impact the genetic composition and variability of wild populations, leading to diverse issues that may compromise long-term wild stock fitness. Therefore, it is relevant to determine if farmed stocks are currently interacting with wild populations. Shrimp farming is an aquaculture activity taking place along the tropical Pacific coast of the Americas, and represents the most important culture bussiness of Northwestern Mexico. In this study, wild and farmed whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from the State of Sinaloa were genetically evaluated to determine admixture levels. A newly developed set of 14 microsatellite markers (mean number of alleles per locus 11.8, and 0.836 expected heterozygosity) was obtained by Next Generation Sequencing to characterize samples. Sampling consisted of 32 wild shrimps collected during three years (2002, 2012, and 2013) and three different sites, and two hatchery stocks from 2007. No significant differences were observed among years in the wild samples, but cluster analyses showed that hatchery-produced individuals were different from wild specimens. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and genotype assignment tests indicated that a fraction from each sample could contain individuals from hatchery origin. Even though the estimated fraction of escaped farmed individuals in the most recent samples (2012-2013; mean = 7.1 %) is considered of low genetic risk, management recommendations for hatcheries and farms were provided. Besides, the reasons that explain the intended and unintended farmed shrimp release into the wild were discussed.