bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis and explore of asymmetrical fluid flow in a two-sided lid-driven cavity
Authors: Azzouz El Amin , Houat Samir
Published: September 2020

The two-dimensional asymmetrical flow in a two-sided lid-driven square cavity is numerically analyzed by the finite volume method (FVM). The top and bottom walls slide in parallel and antiparallel motions with various velocity ratio (UT/Ub=λ) where |λ|=2, 4, 8, and 10. In this study, the Reynolds number Re1 = 200, 400, 800 and 1000 is applied for the upper side and Re2 = 100 constant on the lower side. The numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, vorticity contours and velocity profiles. These results reveal the effect of varying the velocity ratio and consequently the Reynolds ratio on the flow behaviour and fluid characteristics inside the cavity. Unlike conventional symmetrical driven flows, asymmetrical flow patterns and velocity distributions distinct the bulk of the cavity with the rising Reynolds ratio. For λ>2, in addition to the main vortex, the parallel motion of the walls induces two secondary vortices near the bottom cavity corners. however, the antiparallel motion generates two secondary vortices on the bottom right corner. The parallel flow proves affected considerably compared to the antiparallel flow.
The Effect of Firm Size, Leverage, Profitability, Ownership Structure, and Firm Age on Enterprise Risk Management Disclosures
Authors: Rujiin Choiru , Sukirman Sukirman
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of firm size, leverage, profitability, domestic institutional ownership structure, foreign ownership structure, local individual ownership structure, and firm age on enterprise risk management disclosure. The population in this study was a manufacturing firm registered on the IDX in 2013-2017 with a purposive sampling technique and produced 7 samples with 35 units of analysis. The data in this study are secondary data in the form of annual reports with data collection techniques in the form of documentation. This study uses multiple regression data analysis technique. The results showed that firm size and firm age had a significant positive effect on enterprise risk management disclosure, while leverage, profitability, domestic institutional ownership structure, foreign ownership structure, local individual ownership structure had a significant negative effect towards enterprise risk management disclosures. The conclusion of this study is that only firm size and firm age have a significant positive effect on enterprise risk management disclosure, which means that the larger the size of the firm and the longer the firm stands, the higher the disclosure.
Genomic Prediction Informed by Biological Processes Expands Our Understanding of the Genetic Architecture Underlying Free Amino Acid Traits in DryArabidopsisSeeds
Authors: Turner-Hissong Sarah D , Bird Kevin A , Lipka Alexander E , King Elizabeth G , Beissinger Timothy M , Angelovici Ruthie
Published: September 2020

Plant growth, development, and nutritional quality depends upon amino acid homeostasis, especially in seeds. However, our understanding of the underlying genetics influencing amino acid content and composition remains limited, with only a few candidate genes and quantitative trait loci identified to date. Improved knowledge of the genetics and biological processes that determine amino acid levels will enable researchers to use this information for plant breeding and biological discovery. Toward this goal, we used genomic prediction to identify biological processes that are associated with, and therefore potentially influence, free amino acid (FAA) composition in seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Markers were split into categories based on metabolic pathway annotations and fit using a genomic partitioning model to evaluate the influence of each pathway on heritability explained, model fit, and predictive ability. Selected pathways included processes known to influence FAA composition, albeit to an unknown degree, and spanned four categories: amino acid, core, specialized, and protein metabolism. Using this approach, we identified associations for pathways containing known variants for FAA traits, in addition to finding new trait-pathway associations. Markers related to amino acid metabolism, which are directly involved in FAA regulation, improved predictive ability for branched chain amino acids and histidine. The use of genomic partitioning also revealed patterns across biochemical families, in which serine-derived FAAs were associated with protein related annotations and aromatic FAAs were associated with specialized metabolic pathways. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that genomic partitioning is a viable strategy to uncover the relative contributions of biological processes to FAA traits in seeds, offering a promising framework to guide hypothesis testing and narrow the search space for candidate genes.
Identifying Key Genetic Regions for Cell Sheet Morphogenesis on Chromosome 2L Using aDrosophilaDeficiency Screen in Dorsal Closure
Authors: Fogerson Stephanie M , Mortensen Richard D , Moore Regan P , Chiou Hellen Y , Prabhu Neel K , Wei Angela H , Tsai Daniel , Jadi Othmane , Andoh-Baidoo Kwabena , Crawford Janice , Mudziviri Murotiwamambo , Kiehart Daniel P
Published: September 2020

Cell sheet morphogenesis is essential for metazoan development and homeostasis of animal form – it contributes to developmental milestones including gastrulation, neural tube closure, heart and palate formation and to tissue maintenance during wound healing. Dorsal closure, a well-characterized stage in Drosophila embryogenesis and a model for cell sheet morphogenesis, is a remarkably robust process during which coordination of conserved gene expression patterns and signaling cascades regulate the cellular shape changes and movements. New ‘dorsal closure genes’ continue to be discovered due to advances in imaging and genetics. Here, we extend our previous study of the right arm of the 2nd chromosome to the left arm of the 2nd chromosome using the Bloomington deficiency kit’s set of large deletions, which collectively remove 98.9% of the genes on the left arm of chromosome two (2L) to identify ‘dorsal closure deficiencies’. We successfully screened 87.2% of the genes and identified diverse dorsal closure defects in embryos homozygous for 49 deficiencies, 27 of which delete no known dorsal closure gene. These homozygous deficiencies cause defects in cell shape, canthus formation and tissue dynamics. Within these deficiencies, we have identified pimples, odd-skipped, paired, and sloppy-paired 1 as dorsal closure genes on 2L that affect lateral epidermal cells. We will continue to identify novel ‘dorsal closure genes’ with further analysis. These forward genetic screens are expected to identify new processes and pathways that contribute to closure and links between pathways and structures already known to coordinate various aspects of closure.
The Effect of the Australasian Parliamentary Debate Technique on Students’ Argumentative Speaking Ability
Authors: Qomariah Intan , Syauki Syauki , Anasy Zaharil
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe goal of this research was to investigate whether the use of the Australasian Parliamentary Debate had an impact on students’ argumentative speaking ability. The method was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design, and the participants of this research were SMAN 29 Jakarta 10th grade social students in the academic year 2017/2018. They were X IIS 2 as the experimental group and X IIS 3 as the control group, consisting of 32 students for each group. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants for this research, and the data were collected using an oral test. The argumentative speaking rubric was used to assess the students’ argumentative speaking ability in the pre- and post-tests. The results of statistical hypothesis testing, using independent sample t-test, found that the t-value was 2.23 on the significance level of 5 percent (α = 0.05), whereas the t table was 1.99 or tobserve > t table. H0 was therefore rejected and Ha was accepted. This finding shows that the use of the Australasian Parliamentary Debate has a positive effect on students’ ability to speak argumentatively.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi apakah penggunaan the Australalasian Parliamentary Debate memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan berbicara argumentatif siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan quasi-experimental sebagai desain penelitian. Partisipan peneliatian adalah siswa SMAN 29 Jakarta kelas X IPS di tahun akademik 2017/2018. Mereka adalah X IIS 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X IIS 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang masing-masing kelas terdiri dari 32 siswa. Convenience sampling adalah teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes lisan dengan rubrik berbicara argumentatif untuk menguji kemampuan argumentasi siswa pada pretest dan posttest. Hasil dari tes hipotesis statistika menggunakan uji T- sampel independen menunjukkan bahwa pada degree of significance 5% % (α = 0.05), tvalue sebesar 2.23 sementara t table sebesar 1.99 atau tobserve > t table. Maka dari itu, H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan adanya pengaruh positif penggunaan teknik the Australasian Parliamentary Debate pada kemampuan berbicara argumentatif siswa.  How to Cite: Qomariah, I., Syauki, Anasy, Z., E.F. (2020). The Effect of the Australasian Parliamentary Debate Technique on Students’ Argumentative Speaking Ability. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 7(1), 48-62. doi:10.15408/ijee.v7i1.16973
The Benefits of Gamification in the English Learning Context
Authors: Rahmani Eka Fajar
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis study aims at displaying the results of reviewing research-based articles about gamification in the context of learning English. The concept of games has changed from a self-entertainment into an edutainment through adjustments and modifications. This notion is adapted by teachers in big countries such as Poland, China, and the US to enhance their English class with surprisingly ensuing positive results (Rothwell & Shaffer, 2019). These results have triggered the writer to find out more about the benefits of gamification and to conduct qualitative research through the review process. The writer collected and analyzed thirteen relevant articles from journals and websites. The results indicated that gamification indeed brought benefits to students. The foremost results included motivation improvement, promoting positive attitudes and better performances, fostering 21st-century skills and better cognitive achievements, encouraging social interaction and independencies, and improving competitiveness among students during the learning process.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil dari telaah artikel berbasis riset tentang gamifikasi pada konteks pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Konsep permainan telah berubah dari hiburan mandiri menjadi edutainment melalui penyesuaian dan modifikasi. Konsep ini, terutama permainan online, diadaptasi oleh para guru di negara-negara besar seperti Polandia, China, dan US untuk meningkatkan aktifitas kelas Bahasa Inggris mereka dengan yang hasil positif yang mengejutkan (Rothwell & Shaffer, 2019). Hasil ini menjadi motivasi penulis untuk menggali lebih dalam tentang manfaat gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris sehingga penulis melakukan penelitian kualitatif melalui proses review. Penulis telah mengumpulkan dan menganalisa tiga belas artikel yang relevan dari jurnal dan situs web. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa gamifikasi memang bermanfaat bagi siswa. Manfaat yang paling utama yaitu meningkatkan motivasi dan penampilan yang baik, mengembangkan keterampilan Abad 21, mendorong interaksi social dan kebebasan, serta meningkatkan daya saing antar siswa selama pembelajaran. How to Cite: Rahmani, E.F. (2020). The Benefits of Gamification in the English Learning Context. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 7(1), 32-47. doi:10.15408/ijee.v7i1.17054
How to Respond? An Introduction to Current Bay–Delta Natural Resources Management Options
Authors: Sommer Ted
Published: September 2020

Abstracts are not presented with Essays. -The SFEWS Editors
Disease in Central Valley Salmon: Status and Lessons from Other Systems
Authors: Lehman Brendan , Johnson Rachel C. , Adkison Mark , Burgess Oliver T. , Connon Richard E. , Fangue Nann A. , Foott J. Scott , Hallett Sascha L. , Martinez–López Beatriz , Miller Kristina M. , Purcell Maureen K. , Som Nicholas A. , Valdes–Donoso Pablo , Collins Alison A.
Published: September 2020

hinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities and climate change, especially at their most southern range in California’s Central Valley. There is considerable interest in understanding stressors that contribute to population decline and in identifying management actions that reduce the effects of those stressors. Along the west coast of North America, disease has been linked to declining numbers of salmonids, and identified as a key stressor that results in mortality. In the Central Valley, targeted studies have revealed extremely high prevalence of infectious agents and disease. However, there has been insufficient monitoring to understand the effect that disease may have on salmon populations. To inform future research, monitoring, and management efforts, a two-day workshop on salmon disease was held at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) on March 14-15, 2018. This paper summarizes the science presented at this workshop, including the current state of knowledge of salmonid disease in the Central Valley, and current and emerging tools to better understand its effects on salmon. We highlight case studies from other systems where successful monitoring programs have been implemented. First, in the Klamath River where the integration of several data-collection and modeling approaches led to the development of successful management actions, and second in British Columbia where investment in researching novel technologies led to breakthroughs in the understanding of salmon disease dynamics. Finally, we identify key information and knowledge gaps necessary to guide research and management of disease in Central Valley salmon populations.
Reconsidering the Estimation of Salmon Mortality Caused by the State and Federal Water Export Facilities in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Jahn Andrew , Kier William
Published: September 2020

Combined water exports from Old River in the south end of California’s San Francisco Estuary (estuary) by state and federal pumping facilities entrain small fishes, including out-migrating juvenile salmon. Both export projects have fish salvage facilities that use behavioral barriers (louvers) in combination with screens to guide fish into collection areas from which they are trucked to release points in the western Delta. Sacramento River-origin Chinook Salmon are regularly taken in the projects’ fish salvage operations. Survival has been estimated within the boundaries of both intake structures, but not in Old River. Prevailing methods for estimating fish losses are based on studies of louver efficiency, near-field survival at the state facility, and assumed survival at the federal facility. The efficiency of the fish salvage operations is affected by several factors, including intake velocity, debris build-up on the louvers and trash racks, and by the omnipresence of predators in front of and within the fish guidance structures. Analysis of existing data suggests that under average conditions, juvenile salmon survive entrainment into the forebay of the state facility at a rate of less than 10%. There is no evidence for better survival at the federal facility. We found no data on predation outside of either the state’s forebay or the federal trash boom, structures which are separated by an approximately 2-km reach of Old River where predation on small fish is thought to be intense. We suggest an improvement to the existing loss estimation, and discuss some features of the studies needed to increase its accuracy and precision.
Farm to Fish: Lessons from a Multi-Year Study on Agricultural Floodplain Habitat
Authors: Sommer Ted , Schreier Brian , Conrad J. Louise , Takata Lynn , Serup Bjarni , Titus Rob , Jeffres Carson , Holmes Eric , Katz Jacob
Published: September 2020

Large areas of California’s historic floodplain have been separated from adjacent river channels by levee construction, allowing the development of an extensive agricultural industry. Based on successful partnerships between agriculture and conservation groups to support migrating waterfowl, we examined whether seasonally flooded rice fields could be modified to provide off-channel rearing habitat for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. During winter and spring of 2012-2017, we conducted a series of experiments in Yolo Bypass and other regions of California’s Central Valley using hatchery Chinook Salmon as a surrogate for wild Chinook Salmon, the management target for our project. Overall, we found that seasonally flooded fields are highly productive, resulting in significantly higher levels of zooplankton and high Chinook Salmon growth rates as compared to the adjacent Sacramento River. We found similar results for multiple geographical areas in the Central Valley, and in different cover types, such as non-rice crops and fallow areas. Although field substrate type did not detectably affect fish growth and survival, connectivity with upstream and downstream areas appeared to drive fish occupancy, because rearing young salmon were generally attracted to inflow in the fields, and not all of the fish successfully emigrated off the fields without efficient drainage. In general, we faced numerous logistic and environmental challenges to complete our research. For example, periodic unmanaged floods in the Yolo Bypass made it difficult to schedule and complete experiments. During severe drought conditions, we found that managed agricultural habitats produced low and variable salmon survival results, likely because of periodically high temperatures and concentrated avian predation. In addition, our project required substantial landowner time and effort to install and maintain experimental fields. Recent and future infrastructure improvements in Yolo Bypass could substantially improve options for experimental work and broaden efforts to enhance salmon habitat.
Forage Fish Larvae Distribution and Habitat Use During Contrasting Years of Low and High Freshwater Flow in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Grimaldo Lenny , Burns Jillian , Miller Robert E. , Kalmbach Andrew , Smith April , Hassrick Jason , Brennan Colin
Published: September 2020

Recruitment of estuarine organisms can vary dramatically from year to year with abiotic and biotic conditions. The San Francisco Estuary (California, USA) supports a dynamic ecosystem that receives freshwater flow from numerous tributaries that drain one of the largest watersheds in western North America. In this study, we examined distribution and habitat use of two forage fish larvae of management interest, Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, during a low-flow and a high-flow year to better understand how their rearing locations (region and habitat) may affect their annual recruitment variability. During the low-flow year, larval and post-larval Longfin Smelt were distributed landward, where suitable salinity overlapped with spawning habitats. During the high-flow year, larval Longfin Smelt were distributed seaward, with many collected in smaller tributaries and shallow habitats of San Francisco Bay. Local spawning and advection from seaward habitats were speculated to be the primary mechanisms that underlie larval Longfin Smelt distribution during the high-flow year. Larval Pacific Herring were more abundant seaward in both years, but a modest number of larvae were also found landward during the low-flow year. Larval Pacific Herring abundance was lower overall in the high-flow year, suggesting advection out of the area or poor recruitment. Future monitoring and conservation efforts for Longfin Smelt and Pacific Herring should recognize that potential mechanisms underlying their recruitment can vary broadly across the San Francisco Estuary in any given year, which suggests that monitoring and research of these two species expand accordingly with hydrologic conditions that are likely to affect their spawning and larval rearing distributions.
Considerations for Multi-Species Fish Passage in California: A Literature Review
Authors: Matica Zoltan
Published: September 2020

This review serves as a guide to improve multi-species fish passage. Human development along waterways in California during the last 160 years has adversely affected fish populations in many watersheds. Conflicts in water usage will only intensify with modern developments and population growth. Since most past fish-passage improvement efforts in California have focused on salmonids, I summarize the published studies and considerations that affect multi-species fish passage. To be effective, conditions in fishways need to meet the specific hydraulic requirements, as well as abilities, behavior, and size consideration for all fish species being considered. Turbulence, water depth, velocity, passage location, and design of a passage facility are essential elements to successful fish passage. Because of a lack of research on most of the native species, species-specific passage criteria are not fully defined, and it may be helpful to use data for physically similar, surrogate species found in similar habitats.
As Representações Sociais de aprendizagem compartilhadas por professores da rede privada: estudo comparativo
Authors: Leite Ana Amábile Gabrielle Rodrigues , Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes de , Negreiros Fauston
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Buscou-se apreender as representações sociais de professores da rede de ensino privada sobre aprendizagem no cenário tecnológico atual. Método. Participaram do estudo 40 professores, 20 que possuíam a tecnologia robótica educacional inserida na grade curricular de sua escola e 20 que não possuíam. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico, TALP e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram analisados através da técnica das redes semânticas e análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Resultados. Os professores que possuíam robótica educacional em sua grade curricular vincularam a aprendizagem enquanto construção do conhecimento baseada em uma abordagem construcionista. Enquanto os professores que não possuíam elucidaram a aprendizagem com uma visão instrucionista voltada para transmissão do saber que se dá pela busca.
EL POSTHUMANISMO Y LOS CAMBIOS EN LA IDENTIDAD HUMANA POSTHUMANISM AND CHANGES IN HUMAN IDENTITY
Authors: Chavarría Alfaro Gabriela
Published: September 2020

El siguiente artículo sintetiza los orígenes y los postulados del posthumanismo desde la cibernética a lasbiotecnologías y analiza los cambios en el concepto de identidad humana, introducidos por esos nuevosparadigmas tecno-científicos.
Critical Thinking of Muslim Societies: A Terror-Based Perspective
Authors: Mohd. Adnan Tawfiq , Yunus Dr. Anas Mohd. , Wahid Dr. Najihah Abd
Published: September 2020

After the declaration of war on terror, especially the events of September 2001 in the UnitedStates, we see that the terrorist organizations that made the Islamic religion a cover for themin their work have begun to reconfigure themselves intellectually based on the Islamicheritage, especially about the Qur’anic verses and the hadiths related to fighting. Theorganizations went to consolidate their fighting ideology by confronting the whole world,using a set of fatwas and rulings that were issued by Muslim religious scholars severalcenturies ago, especially during the era of the Mongolian invasion of the Islamic state and theaccompanying calls for resistance by Muslim scholars, especially Ibn Taymiyyah. To facilitatetheir task of legislating the declaration of war on the whole world, they rejected any ideologyopposing them. As the organizations resorted to strictness in adopting these fatwas andreligious rulings, and in their explanation of texts, excluding any interpretation other thantheir objectives. Therefore, these organizations rejected critical thinking about religious texts,considering it a departure from Islam. The lack of maturity of this thinking approach amongthe general population of Muslims in the various countries made the task of the organizationsin rejecting this approach easier. As we see that a critical approach to thinking in variousscientific fields, including religion, does not exist in education in Islamic countries. That is whyreligious texts, including their interpretations, rulings, and fatwas, remained unchanged forcenturies. Thus, it provided an appropriate environment for these organizations to expandwithin Islamic societies through thought related to the past that is not related to the presentin anything except that it carried the same rulings, fatwas, and interpretations of religioustexts.
Verőcke a hambiton. Ipolytölgyes község építészeti öröksége / Verőcke on the Hambit. The architectural heritage of Ipolytölgyes
Authors: Fehér Krisztina , Kovács Máté Gergő
Published: September 2020

A Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem Építészettörténeti és Műemléki Tanszékén a műemléki és történeti épületek felmérése évszázados múltra tekint vissza. Az oktatásban is rendkívül fontos szerepet betöltő felmérőtáborok hagyományát oktatóink, dr. Istvánfi Gyula és dr. Kalmár Miklós hosszú évtizedeken keresztül éltették tovább megszerettetve hallgatóikkal – így velünk is – a régi házak, szerkezetek megfigyelését, rajzolását és kutatását. Tanulmányunkban a Tanszék által 2017-ben a Pest megyei Ipolytölgyesen szervezett nyári felmérőtábor emlékét és tanulságait történeti és néprajzi kitekintéssel szeretnénk összefűzni. A tábor során felmért tíz portát főleg építészeti szempontból vizsgáltuk és dokumentáltuk, de ahogyan az minden épület tanulmányozása esetén fennáll, betekintést nyerhettünk a falu mindennapi életébe és értékeibe is.

Surveying monuments and historical buildings at the Department of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation of Budapest University of Technology and Economics dates back to age-old traditions. The tradition of survey camps, that played an all-important educational role, had been kept alive for decades by our tutors Gyula Istvánfi and Miklós Kalmár, thus winning the affection of the students – and so ours – towards observing, drawing and studying historical buildings and structures. In our study, we wish to incorporate the memory and lessons of the 2017 survey camp organized by the Department in Ipolytölgyes, Pest county, with a historical and an ethnographical outlook. During the camp, we studied, surveyed and documented ten vernacular houses with their service buildings, mainly from an architectural point of view, but we could also inspect the everyday life and values of the village.
Critical gaps at three-legged unsignalised intersections using microsimulation
Authors: Dutta Manish , Ahmed Mokaddes Ali
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the viability of microsimulation in estimating critical gaps at unsignalised intersections. Critical gaps are generally estimated by extracting gap acceptance data from traffic videos. Extracting such data is a strenuous task, especially under mixed traffic conditions. In this study, gap acceptance data were generated from simulation models developed in the Vissim software package. Critical gaps of three unsignalised intersections were estimated using field data and simulated data of the intersections. Critical gaps were estimated by the logit method and the clearing time method. The critical gaps estimated using simulated data were reasonably close to those obtained using field data for both methods. The results also showed that the logit method was more robust than the clearing time method in estimating critical gaps under mixed traffic conditions. Moreover, the time needed for generating simulated data was only 3.6% of that required for obtaining field data. The method proposed in this study will help traffic engineers and practitioners in critical gap estimation by saving a considerable amount of time and effort.
Radyolojik Olarak Nekrotizan Pnömoni ve Apseyi Taklit Eden İntralober Sekestrasyon
Authors: ESME Hıdır , KARADUMAN Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Amaç:
Pulmoner sekestrasyon anormal sistemik arter damarlanmasına sahip kistik,
fonksiyone olmayan embiryonik akciğer dokusuyla karakterize konjenital bir
malformasyondur. Klinik olarak bronşektazi, pnömoni, akciğer absesi ya da
kaviter akciğer hastalıklarını taklit edebilen, tedavisinde cerrahi rezeksiyon
gerektiren konjenital bir patolojidir. Olgu: Burada sol akciğerin alt lob bazal
segmentinde lokalize intralober sekestrasyon olan 11 yaşında kız çocuğu olgusunu
rapor ettik. Radyolojik incelemede sol alt lobta akciğer absesi ile uyumlu
görünüm mevcut idi. Akciğer absesi tanısıyla bazal segmentektomi uygulandı
ancak intralobar sekestrasyon olduğu tesbit edildi. Sonuç: Burada radyolojik
olarak nekrotizan pnömoni ve akciğer absesiyle karışan pulmoner sekestrasyon olgusu
sunuldu ve literatür eşliğinde tartışıldı.
The Evaluation of Health-Care Associated Infections In a Tertiary Intensive Care Unit
Authors: ÇÖLKESEN Fatma , ÇÖLKESEN Fatih
Published: September 2020

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of infections detected in a tertiary ICU of our hospital and to evaluate the transmission routes.
Materials and Methods: In the period of study, a total of 57 health-care associated infection (HAI) cases were diagnosed. Health-care associated infection diagnoses were evaluated according to the "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" criteria.
Results: A total of 1278 patients who were followed up in the ICU for two years were analyzed retrospectively. Health-care associated infections were detected in 57 of these patients. The rate of HAI development among patients hospitalized in the ICU was 5.24%. Pneumonia with specific laboratory findings was the most common infection in patients with HAI (33.3%). Eleven different microorganisms were determined as the pathogens of HAI. The bacteriological profile causing HAI in the study, Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens were 87% and 12.9%, respectively. Acinetobacter baumanni was the most common pathogen (51.8%).
Conclusion: Each unit should determine its patient profile, flora and resistance patterns by conducting surveillance studies and plan treatment strategies accordingly.
Keywords: Health-care associated infection, intensive care unit, surveillance.
Significance of Psychotherapeutic Approach Toward Terminal Ill Diagnosis in Clinical Practices
Authors: VAİPHEİ Suantak D
Published: September 2020

As a critical medicine, meaning in suffering plays a crucial role as terminal ill experience always accompanied several unwanted psychological and emotional sufferings. A worldwide phenomenon that in the early stages of terminal ill diagnosis cure becomes the primary concerned for both the patient and the family. However, in the face of medical helplessness psychological approach to terminal illness becomes essential to effectively deal with pain and non-pain symptoms. It is not a mere philosophical approach to terminal ill experience, but a humanistic approach that provides hope even in the face of inevitable death. The psychological approach to health and wellbeing becomes more essential as palliative end-of-life care aims to uplift the meaning making policy and purpose in suffering that contributed health to many. In fact, though there is no easy ways to deliver wellbeing of the whole and quality of life, but psychotherapeutic is an effective mechanism to deal with existential suffering, stress, loneliness, alienation, and discomfort usually inherit in the process of terminal ill experiences. The therapeutic aim is to minimize the existential issues that accompanied the terminal ill experience and act in the best benefit for the patient and family in clinical practices.
Rectal vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization before admission to neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: COSKUN Yesim , IGNAK Seyda
Published: September 2020

Aim: Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization is an important issue for healthcare recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of VRE colonization in patients at the admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study the medical records of patients who hospitalized to NICU between January 2010 to December 2019 were analyzed. At the admission, patients whose rectal cultures were detected as VRE colonization were evaluated for demographic characteristics for the risk factors of colonization.

Results: One thousand three hundred twenty-three patients were admitted to our NICU from different centers were enrolled. Rectal VRE colonization was observed in 60 of 1323 (4.54%) patients. Sixty-five percent (39/60) of patients with rectal VRE colonization had no previous hospitalization history. Among these 60 patients 28 of them were admitted to our NICU in the first week of their life.

Conclusion: Although hospitalization still remains an important risk factor for VRE colonization, we found that there is also a high rate of VRE colonization in newborns without a history of hospitalization or frequent outpatient admissions to pediatrics departments. That is a worrisome status that suggests that colonization may be developed in low risk areas of the hospital such as delivery room, operating room or recovery room.
The Effect of Socio-Demographic and Cultural Features on Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Healthcare Students
Authors: YIGITBAS Cagla , BULUT Aliye
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of the research is to determine the impact of socio-demographic-cultural characteristics and educational background on the approach to Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) practices among healthcare students.

Material and Methods: The research was designed as a quantitative and descriptive-cross-sectional study and carried out with health educated students from two different universities.

Results: 59.4% of the participants reported using TCAM; 21.2% reported having experienced problems with the practices they applied, while 68.8% preferred this method to others. The variables of age, university, marital status, long-term location of residence, perceived income, chronic disease status, smoking, source of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine information, any problems following TCAM use and post- TCAM experience were found effective.

Conclusion: TCAM training should be included in the education programs of students receiving health education so as to provide them with accurate information on the matter.
Evaluation of Zinc and Copper Levels in Superficial Fungal Infections
Authors: TUNCEZ AKYUREK Fatma , AKYÜREK Fikret
Published: September 2020

Objective: Superficial fungal infections are one of the common skin diseases. Zinc and copper are essential elements for humans, and concentrations of these trace elements may vary in various inflammatory conditions. Our aim in this study is to measure serum zinc and copper levels in patients with superficial fungal infection and to evaluate its relationship with clinical types of the disease. Materials and Methods: This study included 81 patients diagnosed with superficial fungal infection (tinea capitis, faciei, pedis, unguim, corporis, and versicolor) who applied to the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University. Serum zinc and copper levels were measured in all patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.68 ± 17.12, and 54 (66.6%) of patients were male and 27 (33.3%) were female. There were tinea versicolor in 32 (39.5%) of the patients and other dermatophytosis infections (tinea capitis, faciei, pedis, unguium and corporis) in 49 (60.5%) of the patients. The mean serum zinc levels of the patients were determined close to the lower limit of the normal reference range with 11.41 ± 2.07 µmol / L, but zinc and copper levels were within the normal reference range (normal reference values of zinc and copper; 11-19.5 µmol / L, 80-155 µg / dL, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in zinc and copper levels between patients with tinea versicolor and patients with other dermatophyte infections (p = 0.348, p = 0.173, respectively). In addition, there was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels and age, serum copper levels showed a statistically significant negative relationship with male sex and smoking (r = -0.359, p = 0.001; r = -0.343, p = 0.002, r = -0.283 , p = 0.033, respectively). Discussion: In our study, the majority of patients with superficial fungal infections were men. It was determined that the frequency of dermatophyte infections increased as the mean age of the patients increased. Although serum zinc and copper levels measured in patients were within the normal reference range, especially zinc levels were close to the lower limit of reference values. In addition, it was observed that various factors such as age, gender and smoking affect zinc and copper levels. As a result of these data, we think that irregularities in serum zinc and copper levels may predispose to the development of fungal infections.
Can A Simple Complete Blood Count Predict Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: AYTAN Pelin , BOZKURT BABUŞ Seyran , SAKARYA Özde , ÇİFTÇİ Revan Sabri , AYTAN Hakan
Published: September 2020

Aim: To assess the role of simple complete blood count (CBC) in prediction of gestational diabetes (GDM).
Materials and Methods: Pregnant women screened for GDM in 24-28 gestational weeks with a 75g-OGTT between January 2018-January 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Patients with a known systemic disease, using aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin and steroids excluded. The assessed parameters in CBC were hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells (including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils), platelets, platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), NRBC percentage, plateletcrit (PCT), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), immature granulocytes (IG) and IG percentage. Platelet mass index (PMI), neutrophil-to-platelet ratios (NPR) and lymphocyte-to-platelet ratios (LPR) were calculated. These parameters were compared between GDM patients and controls. Regression analysis was performed with the parameters that were significantly correlated with GDM. ROC curve analysis was done in order to find cut-off values.
Results: RBC, WBC (all subtypes including immature granulocytes), platelet indices including PMI, NPR and LPR were all similar. Only RDW and NRBC were found to be significantly increased in GDM patients and came out to be independent predictors of GDM with maternal age and screening week.
Conclusion: These findings suggest women with GDM may be accompanied with increased RDW and NRBC levels which seem to be independent predictors of this disease and these parameters may be used to monitor and evaluate the development of GDM.
Human germline editing: Legal-ethical guidelines for South Africa
Authors: Thaldar Donrich , Botes Marietjie , Shozi Bonginkosi , Townsend Beverley , Kinderlerer Julian
Published: September 2020

Human germline editing holds much promise for improving people’s lives, but at the same time this novel biotechnology raises ethical and legal questions. The South African ethics regulatory environment is problematic, as it prohibits all research on, and the clinical application of, human germline editing. By contrast, the South African legal regulatory environment allows a regulatory path that would, in principle, permit research on human germline editing. However, the legal regulation of the clinical application of human germline editing is uncertain. As such, the current ethical and legal positions in South Africa are in need of reform. Five guiding principles – aligned with the values of the Constitution – are proposed to guide ethical and legal policy reform regarding human germline editing in South Africa: (1) Given its potential to improve the lives of the people of South Africa, human germline editing should be regulated, not banned. (2) Human germline editing clinical applications should only be made accessible to the public if they are proven to be safe and effective. (3) Non-therapeutic human germline editing may be permissible, and should be regulated in the same way as therapeutic human germline editing. (4) The decision on whether to use germline gene editing on a prospective child, should, subject to Principle 2, be left to the prospective parents. (5) Concerns about exacerbating social inequalities should be addressed by measures to increase access. In conclusion, recommendations are made to policymakers and scientists contemplating research in this field.
Significance:

The ethical and legal positions regarding human germline editing in South Africa are comprehensively analysed. Furthermore, five guiding principles – aligned with the values of the Constitution – are proposed to guide much needed ethical and legal policy reform regarding human germline editing in South Africa.
Nutrient uptake, yield and taste of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and soil chemical properties following amendment with uncomposted and composted tobacco waste and cattle manure
Authors: Dunjana Nothando , Zengeni Rebecca , Pisa Charity , Wuta Menas , Muchaonyerwa Pardon
Published: September 2020

The inadequacy of the nutrient supply of most tropical and sub-tropical soils may be curbed through organic material recycling, thus reducing the need for mineral fertiliser use. To promote tobacco waste recycling in a smallholder food-cash crop production system, nutrient uptake, dry biomass yield and taste of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and soil chemical properties were determined on a sandy loam soil under field conditions. The experiment was a randomised complete block design with three blocks and eight treatments, namely, control (no amendment), mineral fertiliser (121, 30.8, 24.6 kg/ha N, P and K, respectively), uncomposted tobacco leaf scrap (TSC) and compost of TSC and cattle manure (TSC-CM) at 5, 20 and 40 t/ha. N, P and K uptake and dry biomass yield of oilseed rape were higher (p<0.05) than control with 40 t/ha TSC-CM and mineral fertiliser application at 3 weeks after transplanting (WAT), while significant improvements with TSC were observed from 5 WAT. Mineral N, extractable P and exchangeable K were higher than control with TSC-CM at 20 t/ha and 40 t/ha at 3 WAT, and higher with TSC at 9 WAT. Soil organic carbon was more improved with TSC application than TSC-CM at 9 WAT. Organoleptic testing revealed an intensely bitter taste in oilseed rape with mineral fertiliser, 20 t/ha and 40 t/ha TSC at 3 WAT, although it diminished with time. A trade-off of nutrient uptake, yield, taste of oilseed rape and soil properties improvement is attainable with application of TSC-CM at 40 t/ha, while if composting is not feasible, TSC application at 20 t/ha is a viable alternative. Thus, judicious utilisation of tobacco waste offers a viable solution to the problem of low soil fertility on sandy soils and can reduce the need for mineral fertiliser use, while promising sustainable soil management.
Significance:

The study underlines the importance of recycling of organic materials as a viable, environmentally safe and low-cost soil fertility management practice.
The study presents pragmatic practices that may be adopted so as to optimise the benefits of use of tobacco waste on food-cash crop smallholder farms, given the increasing popularity of such farming systems in Africa.
A framework to select a classification algorithm in electricity fraud detection
Authors: Pazi Sisa , Clohessy Chantelle M. , Sharp Gary D.
Published: September 2020

In the electrical domain, a non-technical loss often refers to energy used but not paid for by a consumer. The identification and detection of this loss is important as the financial loss by the electricity supplier has a negative impact on revenue. Several statistical and machine learning classification algorithms have been developed to identify customers who use energy without paying. These algorithms are generally assessed and compared using results from a confusion matrix. We propose that the data for the performance metrics from the confusion matrix be resampled to improve the comparison methods of the algorithms. We use the results from three classification algorithms, namely a support vector machine, k-nearest neighbour and naïve Bayes procedure, to demonstrate how the methodology identifies the best classifier. The case study is of electrical consumption data for a large municipality in South Africa. Significance: The methodology provides data analysts with a procedure for analysing electricity consumption in an attempt to identify abnormal usage. The resampling procedure provides a method for assessing performance measures in fraud detection systems. The results show that no single metric is best, and that the selected metric is dependent on the objective of the analysis.
A balanced perspective on the importance of extensive ruminant production for human nutrition and livelihoods and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Scholtz Michiel M. , Neser Frederick W.C. , Makgahlela Mahlako L.
Published: September 2020

There is a general perception that ruminants produce large quantities of greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Sometimes percentages are quoted out of context. For example, the percentage quoted for developed countries indicates the greenhouse gas contribution from livestock is less than 6%, while that for developing countries is 40–50%. However, the reason for this relatively low contribution from developed countries is because of very high contributions from other sectors. Ruminant production also is in the spotlight as it is the world’s largest user of land and South Africa is no exception. Only ruminants can utilise areas of non-arable land where the vegetation is rich in fibre and convert this fibre into high-quality nutrients for human consumption. Foods from animal sources (including ruminants) are essential for the human diet, as they support early childhood and cognitive development. Many rural households depend on ruminants and these animals are central to the livelihoods and well-being of these communities. The negative effects of red meat on human health and the negative environmental impact of livestock production are overemphasised, while the higher bioavailability of nutrients from livestock source foods, which stimulates mental and cognitive development compared to vegetarian or grain based foods, is ignored. Here we estimate that livestock are responsible for only 4% of the world’s greenhouse gases through methane production. We also highlight that if the high fibre vegetation is not utilised by livestock, it will still produce greenhouse gases through burning or rotting, without any benefit to humans. Livestock source foods are important if global nutritional, educational and economic needs are to be met; and this message should be conveyed to the public.

Significance:

We propose that a balanced message should be conveyed to the broader scientific community and the public on the role of livestock in meeting global nutritional needs and contributing to global warming.

Livestock source foods are important if the global nutritional, educational and economic needs are to be met and can be used to feed developing countries out of poverty.