bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High temperature ferromagnetism in π-conjugated two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Li Wenbin , Sun Lei , Qi Jingshan , Jarillo-Herrero Pablo , Dincă Mircea , Li Ju
Published: February 2017

Simulations demonstrate the critical roles of π-conjugation and large magnetic anisotropy in realizing high-temperature ferromagnetic 2D metal–organic framework, which is also half-metallic.
The effects of thioamide backbone substitution on protein stability: a study in α-helical, β-sheet, and polyproline II helical contexts
Authors: Walters Christopher R. , Szantai-Kis D. Miklos , Zhang Yitao , Reinert Zachary E. , Horne W. Seth , Chenoweth David M. , Petersson E. James
Published: February 2017

Thioamides are single atom substitutions of the peptide bond that serve as versatile probes of protein structure.
Self-extinguishing electrolytes using fluorinated alkyl phosphates for lithium batteries
Authors: Shiga Tohru , Kato Yuichi , Kondo Hiroki , Okuda Chika-aki
Published: February 2017

The fluorination of alkyl groups in alkyl phosphates leads to excellent thermal stability of electrolytes in the presence of charged active materials.
New insight into InSb-based thermoelectric materials: from a divorced eutectic design to a remarkably high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Cheng Yudong , Yang Junyou , Jiang Qinghui , He Dongsheng , He Jiaqing , Luo Yubo , Zhang Dan , Zhou Zhiwei , Ren Yangyang , Xin Jiwu
Published: February 2017

A remarkably high thermoelectric performance is achieved by the melting of the eutectic in InSbx.
Urchin-like NiCo2O4 hollow microspheres and FeSe2 micro-snowflakes for flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Ji Chenchen , Liu Fuzhu , Xu Liang , Yang Shengchun
Published: February 2017

FSASCs were designed using a NiCo2O4 cathode material with an urchin-like hollow structure and a FeSe2 anode with a hierarchical snowflake structure, which exhibit satisfactory performances with excellent flexibility, high energy density, and long-term stability.
A wearable microwave absorption cloth
Authors: Song Wei-Li , Fan Li-Zhen , Hou Zhi-Ling , Zhang Kai-Lun , Ma Yongbin , Cao Mao-Sheng
Published: February 2017

A wearable microwave absorption cloth was assembled from a novel multi-scale graphene-supported carbon/nonwoven composite absorber coupled with a reflection plane. The as-fabricated cloth that fulfills the representative wearable characteristics presents qualified microwave absorption performance, promising outstanding platform for the development of advanced wearable materials in numerous industries.
Controlled formation of uniform nanoshells of manganese oxide and their potential in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Xiao-Chan , Piao Jun-Yu , Bin De-Shan , Zhang Tian-Qi , Duan Shu-Yi , Wu Zi-Xiao , Cao An-Min , Wan Li-Jun
Published: February 2017

Uniform nanoshells of manganese oxides have been successfully prepared by controlling their growth kinetics in solution.
A computational assessment of the electronic, thermoelectric, and defect properties of bournonite (CuPbSbS3) and related substitutions
Authors: Faghaninia Alireza , Yu Guodong , Aydemir Umut , Wood Max , Chen Wei , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Hautier Geoffroy , Jain Anubhav
Published: February 2017

320 ABCD3 structures {Na–K–Cu–Ag}{Si–Ge–Sn–Pb}{N–P–As–Sb–Bi}{O–S–Se–Te} closer look at CuPbSbS3, CuPbSbSe3, CuPbAsSe3 and CuSnSbSe3.
From metallic gold to [Au(NHC)2]+ complexes: an easy, one-pot method
Authors: Lozada-Rodríguez Leticia , Pelayo-Vázquez José B. , Rangel-Salas Irma I. , Alvarado-Rodríguez José G. , Peregrina-Lucano A. Aarón , Pérez-Centeno Armando , López-Dellamary-Toral Fernando A. , Cortes-Llamas Sara A.
Published: February 2017

A simple and direct method is described to prepare cationic bis(NHC)–Au(i) complexes using metallic gold as the starting material.
Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed synthesis of anhydrides from twisted amides
Authors: Liu Yongmei , Liu Ruzhang , Szostak Michal
Published: February 2017

A novel, one-step synthesis of anhydrides from twisted amides is reported.
Non-conventional fluorescent biogenic and synthetic polymers without aromatic rings
Authors: Ye Ruquan , Liu Yuanyue , Zhang Haoke , Su Huifang , Zhang Yilin , Xu Liguo , Hu Rongrong , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Wong Kam Sing , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Goddard William A. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2017

Non-aromatic peptides fluoresce under pressure.
Synthesis of β-keto sulfones via a multicomponent reaction through sulfonylation and decarboxylation
Authors: Yu Jiyao , Mao Runyu , Wang Qingyu , Wu Jie
Published: February 2017

A copper(i)-catalyzed synthesis of β-keto sulfones through reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, 3-arylpropiolic acids, sulfur dioxide, and water is realized. This reaction proceeds through a tandem radical process involving sulfonylation and decarboxylation.
Systematic study on preparation of copper nanoparticle embedded porous carbon by carbonization of metal–organic framework for enzymatic glucose sensor
Authors: Song Yoodae , Cho Damsol , Venkateswarlu Sada , Yoon Minyoung
Published: February 2017

A new Cu nanoparticles embedded porous carbon composite was prepared by simple pyrolysis of HKUST-1, which shows high efficient (detection limit: 3.2 × 10−9 M) glucose sensing ability with high selectivity.
Correction: The polarization-dependent anisotropic Raman response of few-layer and bulk WTe2 under different excitation wavelengths
Authors: Song Qingjun , Wang Haifeng , Xu Xiaolong , Pan Xingchen , Wang Yilun , Song Fengqi , Wan Xiangang , Dai Lun
Published: February 2017

Correction for ‘The polarization-dependent anisotropic Raman response of few-layer and bulk WTe2 under different excitation wavelengths’ by Qingjun Song et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 103830–103837.
Dual-functional bone implants with antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity
Authors: Wei Chung-Kai , Ding Shinn-Jyh
Published: February 2017

Surface chitosan coating can enhance antibacterial effectiveness of calcium silicate–gelatine composite bone implants while maintaining the osteogenic activity.
Adsorption-controlled growth and the influence of stoichiometry on electronic transport in hybrid molecular beam epitaxy-grown BaSnO3 films
Authors: Prakash Abhinav , Xu Peng , Wu Xuewang , Haugstad Greg , Wang Xiaojia , Jalan Bharat
Published: February 2017

Adsorption-controlled growth and strong charge compensation accompanied by decreased electron mobility due to cation non-stoichiometry was discovered in epitaxial BaSnO3 films using a hybrid MBE approach.
Energy efficiency optimisation of large‐scale multiple‐input–multiple‐output system with transmit antenna selection
Authors: Hei Yongqiang , Liu Yongli , Li Wentao , Liu Jiao , Li Xiaohui
Published: February 2017

The rapid development of wireless communication comes at the cost of dramatically increasing energy consumption, which makes the optimisation of energy efficiency (EE) extremely important. In this study, the authors focus on maximising EE of large‐scale multiple‐input–multiple‐output system by optimising the transmit power and the number of selected base station antennas. First, the EE optimisation problem, i.e. finding the optimal EE‐based values of each parameter, when the other one is fixed, is investigated. Then, the optimisation problem jointly considering these two parameters to maximise EE is studied. Moreover, the EE optimisation problem is extended to multi‐user (MU) system. Owing to the formulation of EE, the EE optimisation problem is reformulated as the fractional programming problem, and the Dinkelbach method is proposed to deal with this problem instead of the binary search algorithm (BSA) by switching the objective function to a weighted sum of rate and power. Simulation results show that the EE can be improved with the proposed Dinkelbach method, and it has a faster convergence speed than the BSA without any performance loss for both single‐user system and MU system.
Coalition‐based sleep mode and power allocation for energy efficiency in dense small cell networks
Authors: Wu Shie , Zeng Zhimin , Xia Hailun
Published: February 2017

In this study, the authors focus on energy efficiency (EE) optimisation via the cooperation of small cell base stations (SBSs) in dense small cell networks (DSCNs) where the control plane (C‐plane) and data plane (D‐plane) are decoupled. They propose a coalition‐based sleep mode and power allocation (CSMPA) scheme to improve the DSCN EE while guaranteeing the target rates of users and maintaining the system capacity. In the CSMPA scheme, the cooperation of SBSs is formulated as a coalitional game in partition form and a centralised heuristic coalition formation algorithm without power cost is developed to achieve the final stable coalition structure. Each SBS can serve users in the active subframes and sleep in those subframes without data transmission. Afterwards, since the interference between coalitions affects EE, a distributed price‐based power allocation algorithm is presented to optimise the transmit power of active SBSs per subframe. System‐level simulation results show that the proposed CSMPA scheme can yield less number of outage users and significant EE performance gain without jeopardising system capacity.
Rotor speed, load torque and parameters estimations of a permanent magnet synchronous motor using extended observer forms
Authors: Tami Ramdane , Boutat Driss , Zheng Gang , Kratz Frédéric , El Gouri Rachid
Published: February 2017

This study presents a new approach to estimate states and parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the presence of unknown load torque disturbance. Indeed, it highlights an auxiliary dynamics that is added to the PMSM model. Thereby, it supplies a change of coordinates that transforms the extended model (PMSM model together with the auxiliary dynamics) into the so‐called extended non‐linear observer forms. It turns out that the obtained form provides two observer normal forms. One of them supports the well‐known high‐gain observer which is used to estimate the speed and the unknown load torque. The second one which is affine in the parameters enables us to estimate simultaneously the states and motor parameters by means of an adaptive observer. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated by the simulations results.
Discrete‐time sliding mode control with an input filter for an electro‐hydraulic actuator
Authors: Zhou Hua , Lao Liming , Chen Yinglong , Yang Huayong
Published: February 2017

This study presents a discrete‐time sliding mode control (DSMC) with an input filter for a low damping electro‐hydraulic actuator (EHA) suffering from large control volume variation. Non‐switching type reaching law and one‐step delayed estimation of disturbance are combined in the DSMC. Different from existing DSMC strategies which view parametric uncertainty as a lumped bounded disturbance, the influence of parametric uncertainty on the system stability is analysed, which results to a two terms iterative expression of state. The stability criterion for this iteration is put forward. To stabilise the EHA that has a large control volume variation, a first‐order input filter for the control input is introduced. The disturbance resulting from the input filter is expressed and the stability criterion with the input filter is derived. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the position tracking of the EHA with large volume variation.
Input‐delay approach to sampled‐data control of polynomial systems based on a sum‐of‐square analysis
Authors: Kim Han Sol , Park Jin Bae , Joo Young Hoon
Published: February 2017

In this study, the authors develop an stabilisation condition for polynomial sampled‐data control systems with respect to an external disturbance. Generally, continuous‐time and sampled state variables are mixed in polynomial sampled‐data control systems, which is the main drawback to numerically solving the stabilisation conditions of these control systems. To overcome this drawback, this study proposes novel stabilisation conditions that address the mixed‐states problem by casting the mixed states as a time‐varying uncertainty. The stabilisation conditions are derived from a newly proposed polynomial time‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and are represented as a sum‐of‐squares, which can be solved using existing numerical solvers. Some additional slack variables are further introduced to relax the conservativeness of the authors' proposed approach. Finally, some simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of their approach.
sPing: a user‐centred debugging mechanism for software defined networks
Authors: Tseng Fan‐Hsun , Chang Kai‐Di , Liao Shang‐Chuan , Chao Han‐Chieh , Leung Victor C.M.
Published: February 2017

Software defined networking (SDN) paradigm currently does not integrate with any debugging or diagnosing mechanism. Services through Internet connection may not work properly due to network problems, such as loop and black hole problems. The study introduces sPing, a user‐centred debugging mechanism for users debugging and troubleshooting network problems in SDN. The sPing diagnoses problems in data plane by collecting and recording specific packets based on programmable capability. It not only detects network loop and black hole but also discovers the hidden information of data link layer. The discovery of layer 2 information is unachievable to existing SDN‐based debuggers. The authors experiment the sPing on three different brands of SDN switches for verifying its proof of concept, and simulate it in the Mininet emulator for evaluating its performance. Results showed that the proposed sPing mechanism assists SDN users in debugging network problems and in maintaining network functionalities.
Medizinerlaufbahnen: Ärzte ohne Altersgrenzen
Authors: Meinertz Thomas
Published: February 2017

Ärzte werden immer älter – wenn diese Meldung wieder einmal durch die Medien flirrt, klingt sie fast immer wie eine Katastrophenwarnung. Warum nur? Es hat viele Vorteile, meint der Vorsitzende der Deutschen Herzstiftung, wenn Mediziner auch nach Ihrem 65. Geburtstag arbeiten.
Erste Hilfe per Smartphone: Diese App kann Leben retten
Authors: vom Lehn Birgitta
Published: February 2017

Die Smartphone-App „Mobile Retter“ lenkt Ersthelfer in Minutenschnelle zu einem Notfall. Für Notfallpatienten steigen damit die Überlebenschancen, weil die mobilen Retter jene kritischen Minuten überbrücken, bis der Rettungsdienst eintrifft. Nach dem erfolgreichen Start im Landkreis Gütersloh vor drei Jahren setzen immer mehr Landkreise auf diese Software.
Serie Innovative IT-Projekte: MZ Aachen: Mit Termintool klinikweit Ressourcen planen
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2017

Weil das eigene KIS nicht genug Optionen bot, erweiterte das Medizinische Zentrum Aachen kurzerhand die Terminsoftware „Thepla“ zu einer klinikweiten Planungssoftware für alle Abteilungen. Mit Erfolg.
Die neue DIN 1946-4: Weiter umstritten: Die K-Frage
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: February 2017

Kann man nun die OP-Belüftung in der betriebsfreien Zeit abschalten oder kann man nicht? Die neue DIN 1946-4 sagt: Man kann nicht. Nicht nur in diesem Punkt erregt der neue Normenentwurf den Widerspruch der Fachwelt.
Herzinsuffizienz: Her mit dem Patienten-Coach!
Authors: Börste Rita , Kluge Sabine
Published: February 2017

Allein 2015 wurden in Deutschland knapp 433.000 chronische Herzschwächepatienten ins Krankenhaus eingewiesen – nicht selten mit Drehtüreffekt. Diese angespannte Situation möchte das Deutsche Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI) entzerren: mit geschulten Pflegekräften und Medizinischen Fachangestellten als Key Player in der Patientenbetreuung.
Krankenhaustechnik 4.0: Alles auf eine Karte
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: February 2017

Telefonie, Schwesternruf, Alarmweiterleitung, Gebäudeautomation, Post, … – die Zukunft der Kommunikation hängt an zwei verheißungsvollen Buchstaben: IP. Man mag sich fragen, ob es sinnvoll ist, die Infrastruktur eines Krankenhauses an einem einzigen Medium festzumachen. Klar ist: Wer alles auf eine Karte setzt, braucht überzeugende Sicherheitskonzepte.
TK 2017 mit den Schwerpunkten Medizintechnik und Energieeinsatz: 37. Tagung „Technik im Krankenhaus“
Authors: Feldhaus Christoph
Published: February 2017

„Nur mit der Digitalisierung gibt es eine Zukunft“, so HELIOS-CFO und CIO Jörg Reschke im Rahmen der TK 2016. Diese These wird auch auf der Tagung „Technik im Krankenhaus 2017“ in Mannheim diskutiert werden – und zwar fokussiert auf die Themen Medizintechnik und Energie. Denn viele Fragen sind nach wie vor von Interesse für die Krankenhaustechnik: Was ist der richtige Mix zwischen Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung? Wie sind die zentralen Infrastrukturen der Technik gegen Sabotage zu sichern, wie die medizintechnischen Geräte vor unbefugtem Zugriff zu schützen?
Anschlag am Breitscheidplatz: Wir brauchen Kliniken, die auf Versorgung von Terroropfern spezialisiert sind
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: February 2017

Es war für die Notfallversorgung der Hauptstadt ein historischer Ernstfall: Zwölf Menschen starben bei dem heimtückischen Terroranschlag auf dem Weihnachtsmarkt an der Berliner Gedächtniskirche, über 50 teils Schwerstverletzte mussten behandelt werden – eine Herausforderung für die Berliner Krankenhäuser. Als Vorbild für die medizinische Notfallversorgung nach Terrorattacken gilt dabei Paris. Das zeigte sich nach dem verheerenden Attentat im Herbst 2015: Nachdem der Krisenstab den Notfall ausgerufen hatte, wurden mehr als 40 Krankenhäuser für mehr als 250 Verletzte in Bereitschaft versetzt, 10 Helikopter standen sofort zur Verfügung, um Verletzte zu transportieren.
Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Cyclohexane from the Triple Point to 640 K and up to 175 MPa
Authors: Koutian A. , Assael M. J. , Huber M. L. , Perkins R. A.
Published: February 2017

New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of cyclohexane as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. We estimate the uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) for the thermal conductivity of cyclohexane from the triple point (279.86 K) to 650 K at pressures up to 175 MPa to be 4% for the compressed liquid and supercritical phases. For the low-pressure gas phase (up to 0.1 MPa) over the temperature range 280–680 K, the estimated uncertainty is 2.5%. Uncertainties in the critical region are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density.
Edge shadow projection method for measuring the brightness of electron guns
Authors: Han Cheolsu , Sul Inho , Cho Boklae
Published: February 2017

The performance of an electron gun is evaluated in terms of the gun brightness. The brightness of an electron gun is typically measured by dividing the angular current density by the virtual source area. An electron gun brightness measurement system was constructed without an electron lens. The system consists of movable apertures (∅ 30, 50, 100, 200 μm), a Faraday cup, and a phosphor screen. The Faraday cup is employed to measure the angular current density. The electron beam passes through an aperture and its shade is projected onto the phosphor screen. The virtual source position is determined by measuring the displacement of the aperture shade made by the movement of the aperture. The blurring width of the edge of the shadow on the screen is measured by a charged-coupled device camera to calculate the virtual source size. Brightness values of a tungsten filament electron gun were obtained and compared to reported values.
Laplacian-dependent models of the kinetic energy density: Applications in subsystem density functional theory with meta-generalized gradient approximation functionals
Authors: Śmiga Szymon , Fabiano Eduardo , Constantin Lucian A. , Della Sala Fabio
Published: February 2017

The development of semilocal models for the kinetic energy density (KED) is an important topic in density functional theory (DFT). This is especially true for subsystem DFT, where these models are necessary to construct the required non-additive embedding contributions. In particular, these models can also be efficiently employed to replace the exact KED in meta-Generalized Gradient Approximation (meta-GGA) exchange-correlation functionals allowing to extend the subsystem DFT applicability to the meta-GGA level of theory. Here, we present a two-dimensional scan of semilocal KED models as linear functionals of the reduced gradient and of the reduced Laplacian, for atoms and weakly bound molecular systems. We find that several models can perform well but in any case the Laplacian contribution is extremely important to model the local features of the KED. Indeed a simple model constructed as the sum of Thomas-Fermi KED and 1/6 of the Laplacian of the density yields the best accuracy for atoms and weakly bound molecular systems. These KED models are tested within subsystem DFT with various meta-GGA exchange-correlation functionals for non-bonded systems, showing a good accuracy of the method.
Full-dimensional ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces and state couplings for photodissociation of thioanisole
Authors: Li Shaohong L. , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: February 2017

Analytic potential energy surfaces (PESs) and state couplings of the ground and two lowest singlet excited states of thioanisole (C6H5SCH3) are constructed in a diabatic representation based on electronic structure calculations including dynamic correlation. They cover all 42 internal degrees of freedom and a wide range of geometries including the Franck-Condon region and the reaction valley along the breaking S–CH3 bond with the full ranges of the torsion angles. The parameters in the PESs and couplings are fitted to the results of smooth diabatic electronic structure calculations including dynamic electron correlation by the extended multi-configurational quasi-degenerate perturbation theory method for the adiabatic state energies followed by diabatization by the fourfold way. The fit is accomplished by the anchor points reactive potential method with two reactive coordinates and 40 nonreactive degrees of freedom, where the anchor-point force fields are obtained with a locally modified version of the QuickFF package. The PESs and couplings are suitable for study of the topography of the trilayer potential energy landscape and for electronically nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of the photodissociation of the S–CH3 bond.
A needle probe to detect surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) within solid specimen
Authors: Basu Srismrita , Hou Hsuan-Chao , Biswas Debsmita , Maulik Subhodip , Daniels-Race Theda , Lopez Mandi , Mathis Michael , Feldman Martin
Published: February 2017

A needle probe has been developed to obtain surface enhanced Raman scattering data from within a solid specimen located remotely from the spectrometer. It produces the high signal strength of a single mode optical fiber but with a negligible fiber induced background. The observed Raman signal strength is comparable to that obtained with a microscope objective of the same numerical aperture in a conventional spectrometer arrangement and many times larger than that of probes using two fibers.
Interaction of free-base tetraphenylporphyrin with magnesium oxide: Influence of MgO morphology on metalation
Authors: Di Filippo Gianluca , Classen Andrej , Pöschel Rebecca , Fauster Thomas
Published: February 2017

Using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated the self-metalation of free-base tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) on thin MgO(100) films on Ag(100). The deposition of one monolayer 2HTPP on MgO results in the formation of magnesium(ii) tetraphenylporphyrin (MgTPP) at room temperature. We demonstrate that the efficiency of the reaction drastically depends on the morphology of the oxide layers. The latter is changed by varying the substrate temperature during the oxide growth. We observe the complete metalation of the 2HTPP monolayer when the MgO films are grown at 393 K. The increase of the growth temperature to 573 K leads to the reduction of the percentage of metalated molecules to ∼50%. We ascribe these results to the fact that MgTPP formation takes place through the hydroxilation of steps and defects on the MgO surface, which leads to an increase of the OH component in the O 1s line.
Atomic vs. quantum dot open shell spectra
Authors: Katriel Jacob , Montgomery H. E.
Published: February 2017

Hund’s rules apply to pairs of atomic states which, in the limit of weak interelectronic repulsion, belong to a common configuration. We examine the asymptotic behavior of the energy difference between states belonging to such pairs (ΔE) as a function of the nuclear charge (Z) at both Z→∞ (ignoring relativistic effects) and at Z→Zc, where Zc is the critical charge below which the outermost electron is not bound. We find that the ratio ΔEZ2 is non-monotonic, having a maximum at some intermediate value of Z. This non-monotonicity is shown to account for the sign reversal in the difference between the corresponding interelectronic repulsion energies. For analogous open shell systems with confining potentials (such as Hooke’s atom or the infinite spherical well), the corresponding function of the energy difference, in terms of which the interelectronic repulsion energy is given as a first derivative with respect to the parameter that characterizes the strength of the one-body potential (such as the harmonic force constant or the well radius, respectively), is monotonic in this parameter. This implies that the relative magnitude of the interelectronic repulsion energies that characterizes the strong one-body limit (usually, the ordering naively expected on the basis of Hund’s rule) remains valid along the whole isoelectronic sequence.
Superintegrable systems on 3-dimensional curved spaces: Eisenhart formalism and separability
Authors: Cariñena Jose F. , Herranz Francisco J. , Rañada Manuel F.
Published: February 2017

The Eisenhart geometric formalism, which transforms an Euclidean natural Hamiltonian H = T + V into a geodesic Hamiltonian T with one additional degree of freedom, is applied to the four families of quadratically superintegrable systems with multiple separabilities in the Euclidean plane. First, the separability and superintegrability of such four geodesic Hamiltonians Tr (r = a, b, c, d) in a three-dimensional curved space are studied and then these four systems are modified with the addition of a potential Ur leading to Hr=Tr+Ur. Second, we study the superintegrability of the four Hamiltonians H˜r=Hr/μr, where μr is a certain position-dependent mass that enjoys the same separability as the original system Hr. All the Hamiltonians here studied describe superintegrable systems on non-Euclidean three-dimensional manifolds with a broken spherical symmetry.
Two-fluid biasing simulations of the large plasma device
Authors: Fisher Dustin M. , Rogers Barrett N.
Published: February 2017

External biasing of the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) and its impact on plasma flows and turbulence are explored for the first time in 3D simulations using the Global Braginskii Solver code. Without external biasing, the LAPD plasma spontaneously rotates in the ion diamagnetic direction. The application of a positive bias increases the plasma rotation in the simulations, which show the emergence of a coherent Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) mode outside of the cathode edge with poloidal mode number m≃6. Negative biasing reduces the rotation in the simulations, which exhibit KH turbulence modestly weaker than but otherwise similar to unbiased simulations. Biasing either way, but especially positively, forces the plasma potential inside the cathode edge to a spatially constant, KH-stable profile, leading to a more quiescent core plasma than the unbiased case. A moderate increase in plasma confinement and an associated steepening of the profiles are seen in the biasing runs. The simulations thus show that the application of external biasing can improve confinement while also driving a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Ion-neutral collisions have only a weak effect in the biased or unbiased simulations.
Measurement of laterally induced optical forces at the nanoscale
Authors: Huang Fei , Tamma Venkata Ananth , Rajaei Mohsen , Almajhadi Mohammad , Kumar Wickramasinghe H.
Published: February 2017

We demonstrate the measurement of laterally induced optical forces using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The lateral electric field distribution between a gold coated AFM probe and a single nano-aperture in a gold film is mapped by measuring the lateral optical force between the apex of the AFM probe and the nano-aperture. The fundamental torsional eigen-mode of an AFM cantilever probe was used to detect the laterally induced optical forces. We engineered the cantilever shape using focused ion beam milling to improve the detected signal to noise ratio. The measured distributions of lateral optical force agree well with electromagnetic simulations of the metal coated AFM probe interacting with the nano-aperture. This technique can be extended to simultaneously detect both lateral and longitudinal optical forces at the nanoscale by using an AFM cantilever as a multi-channel detector. This will enable simultaneous Photon Induced Force Microscopy detection of molecular responses with different incident field polarizations. The technique can be implemented on both cantilever and tuning fork based AFMs.
Experimental verification and analytical calculation of unbalanced magnetic force in permanent magnet machines
Authors: Shin Kyung-Hun , Cho Han-Wook , Choi Jang-Young
Published: February 2017

In this study, an exact analytical solution based on Fourier analysis is proposed to compute the unbalanced magnetic force in a permanent magnet machine. The magnetic field solutions are obtained by using a magnetic vector potential and by selecting the appropriate boundary conditions. Based on these field solutions, the force characteristics are also determined analytically. All analytical results were extensively validated with nonlinear two-dimensional finite element analysis and experimental results. Using proposed method, we investigated the influence on the UMF according to machine parameters. Therefore, the proposed method should be very useful in initial design and optimization process of PM machines for UMF analysis.
Magnetization reversal process in (Sm, Dy, Gd) (Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z magnets with different cellular structures
Authors: Liu Lei , Liu Zhuang , Zhang Xin , Feng Yanping , Wang Chunxiao , Sun Yingli , Lee Don , Yan Aru , Wu Qiong
Published: February 2017

Magnetization reversal mechanism is found to vary with cellular structures by a comparative study of the magnetization processes of three (Sm, Dy, Gd) (Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z magnets with different cellular structures. Analysis of domain walls, initial magnetization curves and recoil loops indicates that the morphology of cellular structure has a significant effect on the magnetization process, besides the obvious connection to the difference of domain energy density between cell boundary phase (CBP) and main phase. The magnetization of Sample 2 (with a moderate cell size and uniformly continuous CBPs) behaves as a strong coherence domain-wall pinning effect to the domain wall and lead to a highest coercivity in the magnet. The magnetization of Sample 1 (with thin and discontinuous CBPs) shows an inconsistent pinning effect to the domain wall while that of Sample 3 (with thick and aggregate CBPs) exhibits a two-phase separation magnetization. Both the two cases lead to lower coercivities. A simplified model is given as well to describe the relationships among cellular structure and magnetization behavior.
Phase noise suppression through parametric filtering
Authors: Cassella Cristian , Strachan Scott , Shaw Steven W. , Piazza Gianluca
Published: February 2017

In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a parametric phase noise suppression technique, which we call “parametric phase noise filtering.” This technique is based on the use of a solid-state parametric amplifier operating in its instability region and included in a non-autonomous feedback loop connected at the output of a noisy oscillator. We demonstrate that such a system behaves as a parametrically driven Duffing resonator and can operate at special points where it becomes largely immune to the phase fluctuations that affect the oscillator output signal. A prototype of a parametric phase noise filter (PFIL) was designed and fabricated to operate in the very-high-frequency range. The PFIL prototype allowed us to significantly reduce the phase noise at the output of a commercial signal generator operating around 220 MHz. Noise reduction of 16 dB (40×) and 13 dB (20×) were obtained, respectively, at 1 and 10 kHz offsets from the carrier frequency. The demonstration of this phase noise suppression technique opens up scenarios in the development of passive and low-cost phase noise cancellation circuits for any application demanding high quality frequency generation.
Using gapped topological surface states of Bi2Se3 films in a field effect transistor
Authors: Sun Jifeng , Singh David J.
Published: February 2017

Three dimensional topological insulators are insulators with topologically protected surface states that can have a high band velocity and high mobility at room temperature. This suggests electronic applications that exploit these surface states, but the lack of a band gap poses a fundamental difficulty. We report a first principles study based on density functional theory for thin Bi2Se3 films in the context of a field effect transistor. It is known that a gap is induced in thin layers due to hybridization between the top and bottom surfaces, but it is not known whether it is possible to use the topological states in this type of configuration. In particular, it is unclear whether the benefits of topological protection can be retained to a sufficient degree. We show that there is a thickness regime in which the small gap induced by hybridization between the two surfaces is sufficient to obtain transistor operation at room temperature, and furthermore, that the band velocity and spin texture that are important for the mobility are preserved for Fermi levels of relevance to device application.
Non-spectroscopic composition measurements of SrTiO3-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 multilayers using scanning convergent beam electron diffraction
Authors: Ophus Colin , Ercius Peter , Huijben Mark , Ciston Jim
Published: February 2017

The local atomic structure of a crystalline sample aligned along a zone axis can be probed with a focused electron probe, which produces a convergent beam electron diffraction pattern. The introduction of high speed direct electron detectors has allowed for experiments that can record a full diffraction pattern image at thousands of probe positions on a sample. By incoherently summing these patterns over crystalline unit cells, we demonstrate that in addition to crystal structure and thickness, we can also estimate the local composition of a perovskite superlattice sample. This is achieved by matching the summed patterns to a library of simulated diffraction patterns. This technique allows for atomic-scale chemical measurements without requiring a spectrometer or hardware aberration correction.
Giant isotropic magnetostrain of GaCMn3
Authors: Guo X. G. , Tong P. , Lin J. C. , Yang C. , Zhang K. , Lin S. , Song W. H. , Sun Y. P.
Published: February 2017

Normal magnetostriction (MS), which comes from the gradual rotation of magnetic domains in ferromagnets, is anisotropic and smoothly dependent on the applied magnetic field. In cubic antiperovskite compound GaCMn3, a sharp shrink of lattice volume takes place at the antiferromagnetic (AFM) to intermediate magnetic (IM) phase transition. Below the Neel temperature (∼143 K), the AFM-IM transformation can be driven by external magnetic field, leading to a giant isotropic MS of ∼1700 ppm comparable to that of commercial Terfenol-D. In contrast to normal MS, the field-induced magnetostrain exhibits a rapid switch behavior at the critical field. Furthermore, good reversibility and stability were demonstrated for the giant MS of GaCMn3 compound.
Lateral transport properties of thermally excited magnons in yttrium iron garnet films
Authors: Zhou X. J. , Shi G. Y. , Han J. H. , Yang Q. H. , Rao Y. H. , Zhang H. W. , Lang L. L. , Zhou S. M. , Pan F. , Song C.
Published: February 2017

Spin information carried by magnons is attractive for computing technology, and the development of magnon-based computing circuits is of great interest. However, magnon transport in insulators has been challenging, different from the clear physical picture for spin transport in conductors. Here, we investigate the lateral transport properties of thermally excited magnons in yttrium iron garnet (YIG), a model magnetic insulator. Polarity reversals of detected spins in non-local geometry devices have been experimentally observed and are strongly dependent on temperature, YIG film thickness, and injector-detector separation distance. A competing two-channel transport model for thermally excited magnons is proposed, which is qualitatively consistent with the spin signal behavior. In addition to the fundamental significance for thermal magnon transport, our work furthers the development of magnonics by creating an easily accessible magnon source with controllable transport.
Nanofabrication technique based on localized photocatalytic reactions using a TiO2-coated atomic force microscopy probe
Authors: Shibata Takayuki , Iio Naohiro , Furukawa Hiromi , Nagai Moeto
Published: February 2017

We performed a fundamental study on the photocatalytic degradation of fluorescently labeled DNA molecules immobilized on titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films under ultraviolet irradiation. The films were prepared by the electrochemical anodization of Ti thin films sputtered on silicon substrates. We also confirmed that the photocurrent arising from the photocatalytic oxidation of DNA molecules can be detected during this process. We then demonstrated an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanofabrication technique by employing TiO2-coated AFM probes to penetrate living cell membranes under near-physiological conditions for minimally invasive intracellular delivery.
Three-dimensional sensitivity mapping of a handheld magnetic probe for sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Kuwahata Akihiro , Chikaki Shinichi , Ergin Aslı , Kaneko Miki , Kusakabe Moriaki , Sekino Masaki
Published: February 2017

An experimental apparatus for three-dimensional sensitivity mapping of a handheld magnetic probe with a permanent magnet and a Hall sensor was developed. To optimize the shapes and sizes of the magnets, the sensitivity mappings of two types of magnets, column- and cone-type magnets, were evaluated by the experimental apparatus. The longitudinal sensitivities of column and cone types are 8 and 9 mm, respectively, for 5 μL of magnetic nanoparticles. The measured longitudinal sensitivities agree well with the sensitivities calculated by the finite element method. Furthermore, the maximum lateral resolutions of column and cone types are 4.1 and 3.7 mm, respectively. In terms of the directionality, the sensitivities of column and cone types of the angle of 90° with respect to the probe axis fall approximately to 72% and 50% at 6 mm distance from the probe head, indicating that the cone type has high directionality due to its sharp shape. The measurement of sensitivity mapping revealed that the characteristics of the cone-type magnet are superior to that of the column-type magnet for the identification of sentinel lymph nodes.
Physiology of salinity tolerance in Bromus danthoniae genotypes originated from saline and non-saline areas of West Iran
Authors: Rezaei Masoumeh , Arzani Ahmad , Saeidi Ghodratollah , Karami Mostafa
Published: February 2017

Genetic resources of halophytic grass species are vital factors to be explored for improvement in pasture and rangeland productivity and to elucidate mechanisms of salinity tolerance. The objective of the present study was to understand the adaptive strategies of Bromus danthoniae to a hyper-saline environment by using 80 genotypes originated from saline and non-saline areas in West Iran. Salinity treatments of 0 and 350 mm NaCl were applied for 4 weeks, and plant growth, leaf water status, ionic status, oxidative stress and salt-excretion responses were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic (G) variation for all traits as well as significant salinity stress (S) and G × S effects for most of the traits. Dry matter was positively correlated with K+/Na+ (r = 0.69) and Ca2+/Na+ (r = 0.66) ratios, and negatively correlated with Na+ concentration (r = –0.72). In addition, a coincidence of low concentrations of Na+ in the leaf tissues and the excretion of salt crystals on the sheath leaves and leaf blades was observed in the hyper-salinity tolerant genotypes. These observations open up new avenues for elucidating potential strategies and pathways used by halophytic grasses to avert the excess Na+ in their plant tissues.
Rural and regional community health service boards: perceptions of community health – a Delphi study
Authors: Guzys Diana , Threlkeld Guinever , Dickson-Swift Virginia , Kenny Amanda
Published: February 2017

Much has been written about the composition of health service boards and the importance of recruiting people with skills appropriate for effective and accountable governance of health services. Governance training aims to educate directors on their governance responsibilities; however, the way in which these responsibilities are discharged is informed by board members’ understanding of health within their communities. The aim of this study was to identify how those engaged in determining the strategic direction of local regional or rural community health services in Victoria, Australia, perceived the health and health improvement needs of their community. The Delphi technique was employed to facilitate communication between participants from difference geographic locations. The findings of the study highlight the different ways that participants view the health of their community. Participants prioritised indicators of community health that do not align with standard measures used by government to plan for, fund or report on health. Devolved governance of healthcare services aims to improve local healthcare responsiveness. Yet, if not accompanied with the redistribution of resources and power, policy claimed to promote localised decision-making is simply tokenistic.
A survey of total and dissolved organic carbon in alkaline soils of southern Australia
Authors: McDonald G. K. , Tavakkoli E. , Cozzolino D. , Banas K. , Derrien M. , Rengasamy P.
Published: February 2017

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important to microbial activity and nutrient cycling, and its concentration is sensitive to pH. Despite the importance of alkaline soils to agricultural production in southern Australia, few studies have documented the concentrations of soil organic carbon (C) and DOC or described the effects of soil properties and management practices on DOC in these soils. A survey of 33 paddocks from the Eyre Peninsula and mid-North regions of South Australia and north-western Victoria demonstrated significant variation in pH, soil organic C and DOC. Carbon stocks in the surface 30cm were 40–55tC/ha and were lowest in paddocks from Victoria. Soils from South Australia had higher DOC concentrations in the top 20cm than soils from Victoria. Principal component analysis suggested variation in DOC was increased by high pH, electric conductivity and the concentration of exchangeable Na, and was reduced by the concentration of exchangeable Ca and clay content. Mid-infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified regional differences in the composition of soil organic C, with high amounts of charcoal in Eyre Peninsula soils. Farm management practices had little effect on soil organic C but influenced DOC. Grain yield and DOC concentration were inversely related across and within regions which appeared to be related to the intensity of cropping having opposite influences on yield and DOC. Compared with international data, DOC concentrations were high relative to the amount of soil organic C and, in contrast to many previous studies, DOC in all regions increased with depth.
Quantifying antiviral activity optimizes drug combinations against hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Koizumi Yoshiki , Ohashi Hirofumi , Nakajima Syo , Tanaka Yasuhito , Wakita Takaji , Perelson Alan S. , Iwami Shingo , Watashi Koichi
Published: February 2017

Significance

Introduction of new anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents, so-called direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), has greatly changed treatment for HCV, and a variety of choices for anti-HCV drug combinations are available. For better management and control of this worldwide infectious disease with anti-HCV agents, it is critical to develop a method for precisely profiling the antiviral efficacy of possible combination drug regimens and seek the “best treatment” based on scientific evidence. In this study, we showed how cell culture data can be combined with a mathematical model and computer simulation to quantify the anti-HCV drug efficacy of different drug concentrations and combinations in a preclinical setting, and hence develop a quantitative basis for selecting drug combinations prior to costly clinical trials.
Synergistic antileukemic therapies in
NOTCH1
-induced T-ALL
Authors: Sanchez-Martin Marta , Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , Qin Yue , Herranz Daniel , Bansal Mukesh , Girardi Tiziana , Paietta Elisabeth , Tallman Martin S. , Rowe Jacob M. , De Keersmaecker Kim , Califano Andrea , Ferrando Adolfo A.
Published: February 2017

Significance

The clinical development of targeted therapies has been hampered by their limited intrinsic antitumor activity and the rapid emergence of resistance, highlighting the need to identify highly active and synergistic drug combinations. However, empirical synergistic drug-screening approaches are challenging, and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie such drug interactions is typically complex. Here, we performed an expression-based screen and network analyses to identify drugs amplifying the antitumor effects of NOTCH inhibition in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). These studies uncovered a druggable synthetic lethal interaction between suppression of protein translation and NOTCH inhibition in T-ALL. Our results illustrate the power of expression-based analyses toward the identification and functional characterization of antitumor drug combinations for the treatment of human cancer.
Failure to reproduce
period
-dependent song cycles in
Drosophila
is due to poor automated pulse-detection and low-intensity courtship
Authors: Kyriacou Charalambos P. , Green Edward W. , Piffer Arianna , Dowse Harold B.
Published: February 2017

Significance

The study of ∼60-s courtship song rhythms in
Drosophila
and their modulation by
period
clock mutations plays an important historical role in developing the molecular basis of the circadian oscillator. Carried out mostly in the 1980s using extremely laborious analogue methods, key features of the work were replicated by independent groups in the following decade. Recently, a study by Stern, using automated methods for song detection, has failed to reproduce these findings. By manually logging the same songs and comparing the results to the corresponding automated analyses we observe that Stern’s method detects only ∼50% of the song, but in addition, incorporates spurious errors. Unambiguous manual reanalysis confirms the
period
-dependent nature of fly song rhythms as originally reported.