bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of a Large Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Xing Yonghong , An Zhongping , Yu Ning , Zhao Wenjuan , Ning Xianjia , Wang Jinghua
Published: October 2016

Studies show inconsistent associations between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and stroke outcome. We assessed these associations among patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in China. Patients with first-ever AIS were categorized into 3 groups: normal LDL, marginally elevated LDL and high LDL - according to the LDL-C values on admission. The outcome measures that were investigated in each group included mortality, dependence and recurrence of vascular events. Patients with high LDL-C had higher mortality rates than did those with normal LDL-C at both 12 and 36 months, but this difference disappeared after adjustment for covariates. There was no difference between groups in mortality at 3 months and dependency or recurrence at 3, 12 or 36 months. LDL-C level was associated with long-term mortality after stroke, but was not an independent prognostic factor.
Hemodynamic Tandem Intracranial Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jae , Cho Yong‐Pil , Lee Sang‐Hun , Lee Ji Sung , Nam Hyo Jung , Kim Bum Joon , Kwon Tae‐Won , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kim Jong S. , Kwon Sun U.
Published: October 2016

Background

Hemodynamic tandem intracranial lesions (
TIL
s) on intracranial magnetic resonance angiography, which develop flow dependently, have been overlooked clinically in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. As they represent severe baseline hemodynamic compromise at the segment, they may be associated with distinctive clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We assessed 304 consecutive carotid endarterectomy cases treated over 3 years. Included cases had both preoperative and postoperative intracranial 3‐dimensional time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography, of which signal intensities are flow dependent, and postoperative diffusion‐weighted imaging (≤3 days following carotid endarterectomy). Preoperative
TIL
s in the ipsilateral intracranial arteries were evaluated by the presence of nonexclusive components: focal stenosis (>50%), diffuse stenosis (>50%), and decreased signal intensities (>50%). The components showing postoperative normalization were considered hemodynamic.
TIL
s with hemodynamic components were defined as hemodynamic
TIL
s, while others as consistent
TIL
s. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed among 3 groups: no
TIL
s, consistent
TIL
s, and hemodynamic
TIL
s. Preoperative
TIL
s were identified in 104 (34.2%) cases; 54 (17.8%) had hemodynamic components. Diffuse stenosis and decreased signal intensities were usually reversed postoperatively. Patients with hemodynamic
TIL
s tended to have severe proximal carotid stenosis and recent strokes (≤14 days). For the outcome, hemodynamic
TIL
s were independently associated with the advent of postoperative ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (odds ratio: 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.20).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, a significant number of preoperative
TIL
s demonstrated hemodynamic components, which were reversed postoperatively. The presence of such components was distinctively associated with the postoperative incidence of new ischemic lesions.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Is Increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wiseman Stewart J. , Bastin Mark E. , Jardine Charlotte L. , Barclay Gayle , Hamilton Iona F. , Sandeman Elaine , Hunt David , Amft E. Nicole , Thomson Susan , Belch Jill F.F. , Ralston Stuart H. , Wardlaw Joanna M.
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases stroke risk, but the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between SLE and features on neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a risk factor for stroke.

Methods—

Consecutive patients attending a clinic for SLE were recruited. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging; had blood samples taken for markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol, and autoantibodies; and underwent cognitive and psychiatric testing. The data were compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls and patients with minor stroke. Features of SVD were measured, a total SVD score calculated, and associations sought with vascular risk factors, cognition, SLE activity, and disease duration.

Results—

Fifty-one SLE patients (age: 48.8 years; SD: 14.3 years) had a greater total SVD score compared with healthy controls (1 versus 0;
P
<0.0001) and stroke patients (1 versus 0;
P
=0.02). There were higher perivascular spaces and deep white matter hyperintensity scores and more superficial brain atrophy in SLE patients versus healthy controls. Despite fewer vascular risk factors than similarly aged stroke patients, SLE patients had similar or more of some SVD features. The total SVD score was not associated with SLE activity, cognition, disease duration, or any blood measure.

Conclusions—

In this data set, SLE patients had a high burden of SVD features on magnetic resonance imaging, particularly perivascular spaces. A larger longitudinal study is warranted to determine the causes of SVD features in SLE and clinical implications.
Talent, Identity, and Sociality in Early Qing Scholar-Beauty Novels
Authors: Zou Ying
Published: October 2016

This article rereads early Qing scholar-beauty novels from the perspective of a new interest in self-fashioning and resocialization right after the dynastic transition. It analyzes the particular ways in which these works reflected on the late Ming notion of qing (feelings) and moved to a new sense of self through an emphasis on innate cai (talent), and suggests that they employed romance to express a sense of community and male sociality based on talent, thereby striking a complex balance between the autonomy of elite communities and their accommodation with the new regime. The talented woman figure is both agent and product of the early Qing Han elite’s self-fashioning project in reaction to the Manchu conquest. Sexual relations are channelled into newly responsible ends. Historically, scholar-beauty novels developed a romantic discourse that helped construct personal identities, promote cultural autonomy, and eventually reintegrate literature into the new political order of the Qing dynasty. 

Cet article propose une relecture des romans du début des Qing associant un lettré talentueux et une jeune beauté (caizi jiaren) à la lumière de l’intérêt nouveau pour la construction du soi et la resocialisation apparu immédiatement après la transition entre les Ming et les Qing. Est analysée la façon particulière dont ces ouvrages s’interrogent sur la notion de qing (sentiment) caractéristique de la fin des Ming et élaborent un nouveau sentiment du soi en mettant l’accent sur le talent inné (cai). Le recours à l’idylle, est-il suggéré, aide à faire passer la notion d’une communauté et d’une sociabilité masculine basées sur le talent, créant du même coup un équilibre complexe entre l’autonomie des communautés de l’élite et les compromis qui les lient au nouveau régime. Le personnage de la femme de talent est à la fois l’agent et le produit du projet de construction du soi des élites chinoises réagissant à la conquête mandchoue. Les relations amoureuses sont canalisées au service de buts nouveaux et responsables. Historiquement, le roman caizi jiaren a développé un discours sentimental facilitant la construction d’identités individuelles, la promotion de l’autonomie culturelle, et en fin de compte la réintégration de la littérature dans l’ordre politique nouveau de la dynastie des Qing.
A New Jewish Epitaph Commemorating Care for Orphans
Authors: Blumell Lincoln H.
Published: October 2016

This article presents an edition of a previously unpublished Greek epitaph in the J. Willard Marriot Library at the University of Utah. The inscription commemorates a woman by the name of Helene who is identified as a Ἰουδαία and who was remembered for showing love to orphans. While Helene is identified as a Ἰουδαία she is also styled as an Ἄµα, a title that otherwise only occurs for certain Christian women in late antique Egypt. Thus, this inscription appears to resist a straightforward classification as it employs terminology that straddles religious categories.1
China’s Role in the Changing Governance of Arctic Shipping
Authors: Liu Nengye
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the role that China could play in the development of an effective international legal system for the governance of Arctic shipping. The first part describes the current international legal regime applicable to shipping activities in the Arctic. The second assesses China’s relations with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Arctic Council. China’s potential contribution to the governance of Arctic shipping is addressed in the final part.
Teaching in and Studying Minority Languages in Turkey: A Brief Overview of Current Issues and Minority Schools
Authors: Kaya Nurcan
Published: October 2016

Turkey is a nation–state built on remnants of the Ottoman Empire where non-Muslim minorities were guaranteed the right to set up educational institutions; however, since its establishment, it has officially recognised only Armenians, Greeks and Jews as minorities and guaranteed them the right to manage educational institutions as enshrined in the Treaty of Lausanne. However, they have faced bureaucratic restrictions and discriminatory practises. Turkey’s EU accession triggered developments toward democratisation, including in minority rights. Private language teaching courses teach ‘traditionally used languages’, elective language courses have been introduced in public schools and universities are allowed to teach minority languages. However, there is still a long way to reach EU standards. This article assesses existing legal frameworks in regard to the teaching in and studying of minority languages and their implementation. It covers developments since the EU accession process began and provides an overview of current issues and minority schools.
Deep-sea squat lobsters of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munididae) from north-western Australia: new records and description of three new species
Authors: MCCALLUM ANNA W. , CABEZAS PATRICIA , ANDREAKIS NIKOS
Published: October 2016

Six species of Paramunida are reported from the continental margin of north-western Australia. Three species are new to science: Paramunida christinae sp. nov., P. ioannis sp. nov., and P. spiniantennata sp. nov. Two species are reported for the first time from Australian waters, P. evexa Macpherson, 1996 and P. tricarinata (Alcock, 1894). These species were confirmed by molecular evidence from the mitochondrial markers ND1 and 16S. We also examine phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and provide an identification key for all known Paramunida species.
A unique new genus and species of the phyline plant bug tribe Hallodapini from the Philippines and Thailand (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Hallodapini)
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , DUWAL RAM KESHARI
Published: October 2016

A unique phyline plant bug representing a new genus and a new species, Peniculimiris meniscus, is documented on the basis of a pair of specimens collected from Nakhon Ratchasima, central Thailand and Palawan, the Philippines. The new genus Peniculimiris, herein placed in the tribe Hallodapini, is characteristic in having a bundle of brush-like, stiff setae on the scutellum and presence of a ventral spine on the genital segment of each sex. The phylogenetic position of Peniculimiris in the Hallodapini and the function of the spines are discussed.
Biting midges of the subfamily Forcipomyiinae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species
Authors: ALWIN-KOWNACKA ALICJA , SZADZIEWSKI RYSZARD , SZWEDO JACEK
Published: October 2016

Middle East biting midges of the genera Atrichopogon Kieffer and Forcipomyia Meigen, subfamily Forcipomyiinae Lenz, covering 41 species are reviewed. Two new species are described and illustrated: Forcipomyia (F.) siverekensis Alwin & Szadziewski sp. nov. and Forcipomyia (Microhelea) borkenti Alwin & Szadziewski sp. nov. The list includes 16 species of Atrichopogon and 25 of Forcipomyia. Nine species previously described by Vimmer and Kieffer from the Middle East are treated as nomina dubia and not included in the list.        Keys to identification of Atrichopogon and Forcipomyia species of the Middle East are also provided.
Phase-speed Spectra of Eddy Tracer Fluxes Linked to Isentropic Stirring and Mixing in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Abalos Marta , Randel William J. , Birner Thomas
Published: October 2016

The regions around the subtropical jets in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are characterized by strong isentropic stirring and mixing. In this work, the wave spectrum of the associated eddy tracer fluxes is examined using an artificial passive tracer advected on isentropes by the two-dimensional flow. The eddy diffusivity computed from the flux–gradient relation captures the main features of the mixing structure. Eddy transport in the UTLS is strongest in the summer hemisphere, and weak eddy fluxes are found at the core and poleward of the subtropical jets, especially in the winter hemisphere. There is an important contribution of stationary planetary equatorial Rossby waves in the tropical upper troposphere. The transient eddy tracer transport is primarily linked to medium-scale waves (wavenumbers ~4–7) breaking in the regions of weak westerlies around the subtropical jets and to planetary-scale waves at high latitudes. Phase-speed spectra for transient eddy fluxes show a close relationship of waves to the background zonal wind. In the deep tropics, traveling equatorial and Rossby waves of extratropical origin lead to cross-equatorial tracer transport throughout the upper troposphere. Interannual changes show that eddy tracer fluxes closely follow the shifts in the zonal winds associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the quasi-biennial oscillation.
Synchrotron-Based Three-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectro-Microtomography of Murchison Meteorite Grain
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet , Sedlmair Julia , Peale Robert E. , Hirschmugl Carol J.
Published: October 2016

We demonstrate nondestructive, three-dimensional, microscopic, infrared (IR) spectral in-situ imaging of an extraterrestrial sample. Spatially resolved chemical composition and spatial correlations are investigated within a single 45 µm grain of the Murchison meteorite. Qualitative and quantitative investigation through this analytical technique can help elucidate the origin and evolution of meteoritic compounds as well as parent body processes without damaging or altering the investigated samples.
Student and Teacher Outcomes of the Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Team Efficacy Trial
Authors: Wills Howard , Kamps Debra , Fleming Kandace , Hansen Blake
Published: October 2016

Schools continue to strive for the use of evidenced-based interventions and policies to foster well-managed classrooms that promote improved student outcomes. The present study examined the effects of the Class-Wide Function-related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT), a group contingency intervention, on the on-task and disruptive behavior of elementary school students with or at risk for emotional behavior disorders (EBD). Seventeen elementary schools, 159 general education teachers, and 313 students participated in the randomized-control group design study. Fidelity of implementation was strong for intervention group teachers and was measured across groups and throughout baseline conditions. Results suggest that CW-FIT can be used to increase on-task behavior and reduce the disruptive behavior of students with or at risk for EBD. In addition, teachers in intervention classes increased praise and reduced reprimands to individual students and along with their students, reported high levels of consumer satisfaction.
Mediating Role of Self-Determination Constructs in Explaining the Relationship Between School Factors and Postschool Outcomes
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Garnier Villarreal Mauricio , Lang Kyle , Seo Hyojeong
Published: October 2016

Secondary data analysis using the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 data set was conducted to examine the degree to which autonomy, psychological empowerment, and self-realization (3 of 4 essential characteristics of self-determination) play a mediating role in the relationship between school-based factors and postschool outcomes. The results suggest that autonomy, psychological empowerment, and self-realization play a large and significant role in mediating the relationship between school-based factors and postschool outcomes. With over 50% of the indirect effects (i.e., the aggregated effects of the school-based factors on the outcome constructs through the self-determination constructs) significant, this provides support for the essential role of self-determination in secondary transition services and supports. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Speed of Reaction and Fighting Effectiveness in Elite Greco-Roman Wrestlers
Authors: Gierczuk Dariusz , Lyakh Vladimir , Sadowski Jerzy , Bujak Zbigniew
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the study was to determine the changes in simple reaction time and to define correlations between simple reaction time and technical and tactical actions performed by elite Greco-Roman wrestlers during a match. Twenty Greco-Roman wrestlers (M age = 19.5 years, SD = 1.8) from the Wrestling Sports Centre in Radom participated in the study. Simple reaction time (including reaction time and movement time) before a match and after the first, the second, and the third round was analyzed. The wrestlers’ reaction time and movement time changed in the course of performance. Wrestlers with higher sports achievements demonstrated a smaller decrement in simple reaction time and performed more technical and tactical actions during a match. The strongest correlations were observed between both reaction time and movement time and the number of technical and tactical actions performed during the last round. Quick reaction was a significant factor in determining the match outcome, which is revealed at submaximal intensity of the effort during a match.
African American Male College Athletes’ Narratives on Education and Racism
Authors: Singer John N.
Published: October 2016

This study presents narrative case study vignettes of three elite African American male football athletes at a major historically White institution of higher education with a big-time athletics department. More specifically, I draw from critical race theory to garner insight into their secondary schooling background, what education means to them, and how racism impacts their holistic development. The focus group and individual interviews revealed each came from urban high schools in close proximity to the university, viewed education as more than classroom learning and obtaining a degree, and perceived racism as alive and well in college sport.
Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Intentions Among Adolescents: The Role of the Reasoned Action Approach and Positive Future Orientation
Authors: Stoddard Sarah A. , Pierce Jennifer
Published: October 2016

Perceptions of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use are associated with adolescent substance use behavior, yet research on the role of contextual factors and positive assets in this relationship is scant. This study examined the relationship between school environment and peer influence and past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use via positive future orientation and AOD perceptions in a high school sample ( n = 392; 49% male; 73% White). A positive peer influence and a positive school environment were associated with lower alcohol and marijuana use via future orientation, reasoned action approach (RAA) constructs (i.e., injunctive norms, AOD expectancies, and perceived control over AOD use), and intentions to avoid AOD use. The findings provide support for the role of a positive future orientation in the prevention of AOD use among youth and point to differential paths of influence for contextual factors.
The Great Recession, Life Events, and Mental Health of Older Adults
Authors: Pruchno Rachel , Heid Allison R. , Wilson-Genderson Maureen
Published: October 2016

Historical events and personal experiences have the potential to alter the way people age. Using a life-course model, we examined how the Economic Recession of 2008 and experienced life events affected the mental health of 3,393 older adults in New Jersey. Data collected between 2006 and 2012 revealed a significant increase in mean depressive symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that people with incident depression were more likely to have lost a job, become a caregiver, experienced a major illness, or have a family member with a major illness than people with no depression. Compared with the incident depression group, those with remitted depression were less likely to report having lost a job or experienced a major illness. Modeling the effects of individual life events and the economic recession on depression enriches understanding about the association between macro socioeconomic events, life events, and the mental health of older adults.
The Influence of Social Structure on Cancer Pain and Quality of Life
Authors: Ham Ok-Kyung , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun-Ok
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate whether social structure is associated with cancer pain and quality of life using the Social Structure and Personality Research Framework. This study was a secondary analysis of data from 480 cancer patients. The measurements included socioeconomic variables, self-reported cancer pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire–Short Form (MPQ-SF), and quality of life measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale (FACT-G). The data were analyzed using moderated multiple regression. Cancer pain and quality of life differed significantly with income. The associations between income and pain and quality of life were significant only for the high education group (≥ partial college), and these associations were greater for Caucasians than for their counterparts ( p < .05). When developing interventions, nurses should consider the influence of socioeconomic variables on pain and quality of life while considering possible moderating factors such as education.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survival in the United States: A SEER Study
Authors: Patel Vishal J. , Chen Nai‐Wei , Resto Vicente A.
Published: October 2016

Objective

To determine whether patient race and ethnicity affect nasopharyngeal cancer survival.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Setting

National Cancer Institute’s SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), 1988‐2010.

Subjects and Methods

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases were extracted according to site codes and histology recode–broad groupings. The cohort of 5427 patients was used to calculate disease‐specific survival in regard to race and ethnicity. Extracted data were further analyzed through direct comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models controlling for patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

Results

Unadjusted survival curves for all nasopharyngeal carcinomas considered together showed a statistically significant better disease‐specific survival for the African American race (P =. 02) and Asian ethnicity (P =. 01) relative to Caucasian patients. The survival advantage for both these groups was eliminated after controlling for the age and sex of the patients.

Conclusion

African American and Asian patients with nasopharyngeal cancer have better disease‐specific survival as compared with Caucasian patients, while Hispanic ethnicity has no effect relative to Caucasians. This disparity is accounted for by diagnosis at an older age in Caucasian patients but remains poorly explained in regard to Hispanic patients.
Learners’ perspectives on music training in institutions of North India
Authors: Upadhyay Durgesh K. , Dalal Ajit K.
Published: October 2016

This study explores learners’ perspectives on the prevalent pedagogy being followed in an institutionalized setup in teaching Hindustani music; their preferences for learning (one to one, one to many, etc.) and the importance of riāz to them; the dynamics of teacher–student relationship; and the factors contributing to their creative music making. One hundred music students (from four music institutions) receiving training in Hindustani music at different academic career levels in an institutionalized setup, completed a survey on the above-mentioned themes. Students reported that teachers across all the institutions generally followed the prescribed syllabus but that some of them tried to manage the syllabus as per the students’ potential. At higher levels of training, findings indicated that teachers started giving training in their own style or in their guru’s style. During the initial years of training, according to the students, teachers emphasized imitation. Results show that over the years, students developed preferences in terms of mode of music learning and method of music practice. As they progressed through training, students became more open to teachers’ critical evaluations and comments. Despite the fact that institutions do follow a rigid curriculum for music education, which is contrary to guru–shishya tradition, it appeared that institutionalized music training is not exclusively a typical learning system.
Web content strategy in higher education institutions
Authors: Elsayed Amany M.
Published: October 2016

College and university websites play a vital role in promoting an institution’s identity and achievements, facilitate the recruitment of prospective students and provide information for current students through content. They are a major source of information and the largest communication tool between the university and internal or external audiences. Therefore, one of the university’s main missions is to be strategic with its valuable and useful website content and to treat it as a critical asset. The purpose of this research was to investigate the current state of the web content of the website of Abdulaziz University (KAU) and propose a web content strategy to be applied. The study includes three phases: (1) a survey of the website coordinators of KAU, which showed that 97% of them were not dedicated solely to website issues, 35% have qualifications in fields unrelated to website design, usability testing is considered the best way of assessing an audience’s needs and usage behaviour by 65%, none of the respondents have a web content strategy nor were working on one; (2) an evaluation of internal and external environments concerning KAU’s website content using SWOT analysis; and (3) the presentation of a proposed strategy using the Delphi approach. This strategy will guide the planning, creation and governance of web content in line with KAU’s strategic aims, and will support the university in achieving its vision with respect to education, research, innovation and communication.
Language and identity in Ukraine after Euromaidan
Authors: Kulyk Volodymyr
Published: October 2016

Language has traditionally been an important marker of Ukrainian identity which, due to a lack of independent statehood, has been ethnic rather than civic. The contradictory policies of the Soviet regime produced a large discrepancy between ethnocultural identity and language use. In independent Ukraine this discrepancy persisted, as increased identification with the Ukrainian nation was not accompanied by a commensurate increase in the use of the Ukrainian language, even though the latter was predominantly valued as a symbol of nationhood. The Euromaidan and the subsequent Russian aggression further detached language use from national identity, as many Russian speakers came to identify strongly with the inclusive Ukrainian nation without abandoning their accustomed language or even adding Ukrainian as an active part of their communicative repertoire. The post-Maidan leadership refrained from an active promotion of Ukrainian for fear of provoking alienation among Russian speakers, but this policy exacerbates the disadvantaged position of the titular language in various domains and causes discontent among those viewing it as a crucial component of national identity.
Efficacy of Peer Support Interventions in General Education Classrooms for High School Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Gustafson Jenny R. , Sreckovic Melissa A. , Dykstra Steinbrenner Jessica R. , Pierce Nigel P. , Bord Aimee , Stabel Aaron , Rogers Sally , Czerw Alicia , Mullins Teagan
Published: October 2016

Even with inclusive general education classrooms, high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have few social interactions with classmates. Peer support arrangements hold promise for increasing peer interactions and shared learning within general education classrooms. However, previous evaluations of this intervention have focused narrowly on adolescents with severe intellectual disability. In this pilot study, we examined the impact and social validity of peer support arrangements for four high school students with ASD. All four students increased their social interactions with peers, while academic engagement either increased or maintained for three students. Social validity data from peer partners and students indicated they considered the intervention acceptable. We discuss limitations and offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at enhancing social connections within inclusive classrooms.
Mapping cultural enablers and barriers to environmental participation in Connemara: The role of lay knowledge, discourses of sustainability and ‘defensive localism’ in environmental governance
Authors: Moran Lisa
Published: October 2016

This paper focuses upon lay knowledge and sustainability concepts that shape and reflect environmental policy implementation and public reactions to environmental participatory forums in Connemara, Ireland. Drawing on in-depth qualitative fieldwork from a mixed-method study of knowledge in Connemara, the paper argues that local understandings of sustainability which prioritise lay knowledge for future generations both helps and hinders successful environmental participation. These definitions of sustainability are central to how community actors define what constitutes effective environmental participation. Many established locals draw upon these sustainability ideals to justify the deliberate exclusion of recent settlers to the area from environmental participatory forums. Insights revealed here on how local cultural conventions pertaining to language use, ‘defensive localism’ and insider–outsider distinctions affect participation in rural Ireland are highly significant for understanding barriers to effective environmental governance and the complexity of local perceptions of participation, sustainability and policy-making.
Accountability and transparency: Police forces in England and Wales
Authors: Murphy Peter , Eckersley Peter , Ferry Laurence
Published: October 2016

Between 2010 and 2015, the UK’s Coalition Government introduced directly-elected Police and Crime Commissioners to oversee English and Welsh police forces, and also required every force to publish a range of performance and financial information online. Together with the fact that front-line policing services have not been outsourced or privatised, this suggests that strong ‘downwards’ mechanisms exist through which residents can hold their local force to account. However, the new arrangements are significantly more complex than their predecessors, because many more actors are involved – several of which assume the role of both ‘principal’ and ‘agent’ in different accountability relationships. As a result, there is a substantial risk that the public do not have a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities, which makes it more difficult to hold officials to account for their actions. Such findings highlight how direct elections do not necessarily make public officials more accountable, and therefore have implications for other jurisdictions and sectors.
Influence of spindle speed on tool wear in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface parts
Authors: Ma Jianwei , Gao Yuanyuan , Jia Zhenyuan , Song Dening , Si Likun
Published: October 2016

High-speed milling, which provides an efficient approach for high-quality machining, is widely adopted for machining difficult-to-machine materials such as Inconel 718. For high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface parts, the spindle speed which determines cutting speed directly is regarded as an important cutting parameter related to tool wear and machining efficiency. Meanwhile, because of the changing geometric features of curved surface, cutting force is changing all the time with the variation of geometric features, which influences not only tool wear but also machining quality significantly. In this study, the influence of spindle speed on coated tool wear in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface parts is studied through a series of experiments on considering tool life, cutting force, cutting force fluctuation, and machining efficiency. According to the experimental results, the appropriate spindle speed that can balance both the tool life and the machining efficiency is selected as 10,000 r/min for high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface parts. In addition, the coated tool wear mechanism is investigated through scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis. The results show that at the beginning wear stage and the stable wear stage, the coated tool wear is mainly caused by mechanical wear. Then, with the increasing cutting temperature due to the blunt tool edge, the tool wear becomes compound wear which contains more than one wear form so as to cause a severe tool wear.
Thinking outside the (Ideas) Box
Authors: Hayes Amanda
Published: October 2016

Libraries Without Borders is an international nonprofit organization committed to the transformative change education can effect in post-disaster contexts, particularly refugee camps. In 2014, Libraries Without Borders launched the Ideas Box, an innovative and portable library space, to extend the benefits of libraries to isolated communities. Since then, impact studies have revealed the Ideas Box’s positive influence on educational gains, community building, and psychosocial healing in refugee camps. As it continues its work, Libraries Without Borders seeks to expand international opinions on what constitutes ‘lifesaving’ aid, given the dramatic benefits of education for refugees both in the short term and long term. Similarly, Libraries Without Borders hopes to expand conventional definitions of libraries to promote alternative solutions such as the Ideas Box in communities that do not have the resources to support traditional library spaces.
Application of SLICC classification criteria in undifferentiated connective tissue disease and evolution in systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of a large monocentric cohort with a long-term follow-up
Authors: Bortoluzzi A , Furini F , Campanaro F , Govoni M
Published: October 2016

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to analyse the performance of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large cohort of undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) population at onset of the disease and during a long-term follow-up of 15 years (1999–2013) and to evaluate the transition from UCTD to SLE, according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 and SLICC 2012 classification criteria.

Methods

A cohort of patients who met the classification criteria proposed by Mosca et al. for UCTD, were analysed. The SLICC 2012 classification criteria for SLE were retrospectively applied to each patient at the time of the diagnosis (T0) and also periodically re-applied and compared to ACR 1997 criteria at three different time points in the follow-up.

Results

329 patients were enrolled. According to inclusion criteria at T0 no patient met the SLE/ACR criteria, whilst, retrospectively applying the SLE/SLICC criteria, 44 patients already satisfied this set of criteria for SLE. During the follow-up 23 new patients reached the SLE/SLICC criteria and 14 patients met the ACR criteria with a stable rate of progression to SLE over time. Acute or subacute skin rash, antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positivity and serositis were the variables correlated to the evolution to SLE.

Conclusions

In our UCTD population, the application of SLICC classification criteria for SLE at disease onset allowed identification of a proportion of otherwise missed SLE cases; during follow-up, and compared with ACR criteria, SLICC criteria expanded the number of patients classifiable as SLE otherwise classified as UCTD.
Evaluation and improvement of a single nucleotide polymorphism–based PCR assay for rapid differentiation of live attenuated vaccine strains from field isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Authors: Zhu Weifeng , Li Jingtao , Wang Ya , Kang Chao , Jin Meilin , Chen Huanchun
Published: October 2016

A single nucleotide polymorphism–based PCR assay has been developed to differentiate the attenuated vaccine strain used in Japan from field isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae found in pigs. However, this assay has been evaluated with only Japanese strains and isolates; therefore, it is unknown whether it could be used in other countries with E. rhusiopathiae strains and isolates of different genetic backgrounds. In our study, the PCR assay was evaluated using Chinese E. rhusiopathiae vaccine strains and field isolates. The PCR assay was able to differentiate the attenuated vaccine strains from the field isolates of E. rhusiopathiae in China but with a pattern different from that observed in Japan (only a single nucleotide polymorphism was detected in the Chinese vaccine strains compared with 5 in the Japanese vaccine strains). Importantly, either a DNA polymerase without 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity or an exo+ polymerase with an antibody inhibiting the proofreading activity was required. In conclusion, after evaluation and improvement, this fast differentiation assay can be extended from Japan to China.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Smoking Intention in Korean Male Middle School Students
Authors: Ra Jin Suk , Cho Yoon Hee
Published: October 2016

This study examined psychosocial factors influencing smoking intention in Korean male middle school students. We used a descriptive cross-sectional design, based on the biopsychosocial model, to analyze data from 309 male adolescents aged 14–16 years in middle school. Of the psychological factors examined, stress and risk-taking tendency were significantly associated with smoking intention. Of the social factors examined, social normative beliefs, close friends’ and siblings’ smoking, and low socioeconomic status were significant factors in smoking intention. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 23.1%. In conclusion, the unique psychological and social characteristics of adolescents should be reflected in interventions for smoking prevention.
Contribution of Subsidies and Participatory Governance to Fishers' Adaptive Capacity
Authors: Nenadović Mateja , Basurto Xavier , Weaver Amy Hudson
Published: October 2016

The need for strengthening fishers' adaptive capacity has been proposed in the literature as an important component of effective fisheries governance arrangements in the presence of rising numbers of external drivers of change. Within the context of small-scale fisheries, government subsidies have been the main tool used for increasing adaptive capacity. We examine the relationship among adaptive capacity, subsidy programs, and fishers' participation in fisheries management, as a potentially important mediating factor affecting outcomes using a data set from two periods of a fishing community in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Our results show a correlation between those fishers with access to decision-making venues and their reception of subsidies, yet the effect of participation and subsidies on fishers' adaptive capacity is limited. This appears to be due to the authorities' lack of commitment to strengthening fishers' adaptive capacity through subsidies programs, and fishers' lack of trust in the governance processes.
NuChart-II: The road to a fast and scalable tool for Hi-C data analysis
Authors: Tordini Fabio , Drocco Maurizio , Misale Claudia , Milanesi Luciano , Liò Pietro , Merelli Ivan , Torquati Massimo , Aldinucci Marco
Published: October 2016

Recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatic techniques have brought about an explosion of information about the spatial organisation of the DNA in the nucleus of a cell. High-throughput molecular biology techniques provide a genome-wide capture of the spatial organisation of chromosomes at unprecedented scales, which permit one to identify physical interactions between genetic elements located throughout a genome. This important information is, however, hampered by the lack of biologist-friendly analysis and visualisation software: these disciplines are literally caught in a flood of data and are now facing many of the scale-out issues that high-performance computing has been addressing for years. Data must be managed, analysed and integrated, with substantial requirements of speed (in terms of execution time), application scalability and data representation. In this work, we present NuChart-II, an efficient and highly optimised tool for genomic data analysis that provides a gene-centric, graph-based representation of genomic information and which proposes an ex-post normalisation technique for Hi-C data. While designing NuChart-II, we addressed several common issues in the parallelisation of memory-bound algorithms for shared-memory systems.
Keystone media: The Australian and Indigenous affairs
Authors: Waller Lisa , McCallum Kerry
Published: October 2016

This article conceptualises The Australian as the nation’s ‘keystone media’ on Indigenous affairs. Nielsen’s term ‘keystone media’ captures the critical importance of particular news outlets that play what he terms an outsize role in defining the state and structure of wider media and political environments. The article analyses the factors at play in The Australian’s sponsorship of a particular political agenda for this complex field of social policy. The argument is illustrated through an examination of Indigenous health coverage from 1988 to 2008, textual analysis of 137 columns written by Noel Pearson, and research interviews with key actors in the Indigenous policy realm, including journalists, public servants and Indigenous commentators. Through this examination of its reporting and collaboration with Pearson, we contend The Australian has advanced a range of neoliberal and interventionist policies to government and the public.
Physical education contributes to total physical activity levels and predominantly in higher intensity physical activity categories
Authors: Kerr Catherine , Smith Lindsey , Charman Sarah , Harvey Stephen , Savory Louise , Fairclough Stuart , Govus Andrew
Published: October 2016

Children’s engagement in physical activity of a vigorous intensity or higher is more effective at promoting cardiorespiratory fitness than moderate physical activity. It remains unclear how higher intensity physical activity varies between days when schoolchildren participate in physical education (PE) and non-PE days. The purpose of this study was to assess how PE contributes to sedentary behaviour and the intensity profile of physical activity accumulated on PE days compared to non-PE days. Fifty-three schoolchildren (36 girls, 11.7 ± 0.3 years) completed five-day minute-by-minute habitual physical activity monitoring using triaxial accelerometers to determine time spent sedentary (<1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks (METs)) and in light (1.5–2.9 METs), moderate (3–5.9 METs), vigorous (6–8.9 METs), hard (9–11.9 METs) and very hard intensity (≥12 METs) physical activity on PE days and non-PE days. Sedentary time was higher on non-PE days than on PE days (mean difference: 62 minutes, p < 0.001). Hard and very hard intensity physical activity was significantly higher on PE days compared with non-PE days (mean total difference: 33 minutes, all significant at p < 0.001). During the PE lesson, boys spent more time in hard ( p < 0.01) and very hard ( p < 0.01) physical activity compared to girls. Schoolchildren spent significantly more time in higher intensity physical activity and significantly less time sedentary on PE days than on non-PE days. As well as reducing sedentary behaviour, the opportunity to promote such health-promoting higher intensity physical activity in the school setting warrants further investigation.
Truth-finding, procedural traditions and cultural trust in the Netherlands and England and Wales
Authors: Brants Chrisje , Field Stewart
Published: October 2016

Criminal justice systems in different jurisdictions are based on different accounts as to how facts and truth are to be found. Because these accounts are often linked to procedural traditions they tend to draw normative weight from the past. Thus different criminal justice systems develop their own particular and critical points of trust where fundamental assumptions are made upon which the fact-finding capacity of the system is based. For jurisdictions from the inquisitorial tradition, trust is invested in the active truth-finding judge and the dossier. Thus in the Netherlands, the assumption is that thorough investigation led by an impartial prosecutor, the existence of a complete dossier and the active fact-finding role of the inquisitorial judge at trial preclude the necessity of strong defence rights and guarantee accurate truth-finding. Within the adversarial tradition in England and Wales, along with the jury and cross-examination at trial, the assumption is that, advance prosecution disclosure and independent active investigation by the defence provide a basis for strong defence narrative building and thus something like the equality of arms upon which accurate adversarial fact-finding is thought to depend. But what if the investigation in the Netherlands is neither thorough nor impartial, the dossier is incomplete and/or the judge unwilling to fulfil an active role? And what if the defence in England and Wales in fact lack the capacity or will either to conduct active independent pre-trial investigations or to make sense of the ‘unused materials’ disclosed by the prosecution? At this point, cultural trust in what are seen as systemic strengths can conceal points of weakness that not only render miscarriages of justice more likely but more difficult to identify and redress.
The role of special advocates
Authors: Jackson John
Published: October 2016

The rise in secret courts or ‘closed material proceedings’ (CMPs) in recent years has called into question our commitment to long-cherished principles of open justice and due process. This debate has somewhat overshadowed the role of special advocates, who are appointed to represent the interests of parties excluded from such hearings. These advocates pose a challenge to the traditions of advocacy in the adversarial system but an international consensus across the common law world appears to be emerging that they may be justified on human rights grounds of fairness in that they bring a measure of procedural fairness to closed material proceedings. This paper examines this claim and considers the extent to which the rise of special advocates poses a threat to the adversarial tradition.