bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relación entre la dimensión del Parque Automotor con la Contaminación Acústica en la ciudad de Chota
Authors: Carlos Ramos José Alberto , Sempértegui Rafael Roxana Mabel , Ramos Santamaría Carlos Alberto , Cubas Chavarry Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

Se midió el grado de ruido (dBA) ocasionado por el parque automotor de la ciudad de Chota, Región Cajamarca, aproximado en 3500 vehículos para un periodo de 6 meses. Se seleccionaron 12 puntos de muestreo teniendo en cuenta el mayor flujo vehicular. El grado de ruido se evaluó siguiendo los lineamientos del protocolo “Mediciones de ruido en exteriores” Se usó un sonómetro marca EXTECH, con rango desde 40 hasta 130 dBA, la frecuencia vehicular se evaluó en tres turnos, mañana (7:30am), tarde (12:30pm) y noche (7:00pm), por 15min”. Se concluyó: El grado de ruido promedio de los 12 puntos monitoreados están en relación directa con la frecuencia vehicular y el uso inadecuado del claxon. El mapa de ruido permite definir puntos críticos con mayor notoriedad en la estación 5 que tiene un promedio de 83,82 dBA. Los niveles de ruido de las 12 estaciones monitoreadas variaron desde 70.14hasta 83.82dBA. Aun cuando los pobladores están acostumbrados a niveles elevados de ruido provocados por el parque automotor, se infiere que la calidad de vida es afectada por este problema ambiental.
Local and International Factors Affecting Participation of Tanzanian Small and Medium Enterprises in Market Opportunity Brought by the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)
Authors: Simon Edward , Munishi Emmanuel , Pastory Dickson
Published: December 2021

The study aimed at assessing local and international factors that affect participation of Tanzanian Small and Medium enterprises in market opportunity brought by African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The study focussed on Tanzania local SMEs engaged in garments and textiles, handicrafts, leather goods, footwear and agro-processing subsectors. The study utilized mixed approach methods and involved a total of 129 respondents. Questionnaire and interview were the main tools for data collection. Information was collected from the owners and marketers of SMEs located in Dar es Salaam, the officials of Ministry of Industry and Trade as well as the Tanzania Ministry of foreign Affairs and East Africa Cooperation. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software and qualitative data was examined using MAXQDA software. Findings revealed that both local and international related factors were inhibiting Tanzanian SMEs from engaging in the AGOA market. Such factors have been narrated in this paper and recommendations have been given in order to increase engagement of Tanzanian SMEs in the AGOA market.
Alpha Power Extended Inverse Weibull Poisson Distribution: Properties, Inference, and Applications to lifetime data
Authors: Gbenga Jemilohun Vincent , Adeyemi Ipinyomi Reuben
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a new four-parameter extended inverse Weibull distribution called Alpha power Extended Inverse Weibull Poisson distribution is introduced using the alpha power Poisson generator. This method adds two shape parameters to a baseline distribution thereby increasing its flexibility and applicability in modeling lifetime data. We study the structural properties of the new distribution such as the mean, variance, quantile function, median, ordinary and incomplete moments, reliability analysis, Lorenz and Bonferroni curves, Renyi entropy, mean waiting time, mean residual life, and order statistics. We use the method of maximum likelihood technique for estimating the model parameters of Alpha power extended inverse Weibull distribution and the corresponding confidence intervals are obtained. The simulation method is carried out to evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimate in terms of their Absolute Bias and Mean Square Error using simulated data. Two lifetime data sets are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the new model and it is found that the new model has superior modeling power when compare to Inverse Weibull distribution, Alpha Power Poisson inverse exponential distribution, Alpha Power Extended Inverse Weibull distribution, and Alpha Power Extended Inverse Exponential distribution.
Study of Bondura® Expanding PIN System – Combined Axial and Radial Locking System
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Maaz , Karlsen Øyvind , Lemu Hirpa G.
Published: December 2021

Bolted connections are widely used in parallel plates and flanged joints to axially lock using the preload generated by the tightening torque and to constrain radial movements of the flanges by the surface friction between mating surfaces. The surface friction depends on the micro-asperities of mating surfaces; under the influence of vibrations and other external radial loads, these asperities tend to deform over time, resulting in the failure of the connection. The Bondura expanding pin system presented in this article is an innovative axial and radial locking system, in which the failure of bolted connections due to radial movements is eliminated by relying on the mechanical strength of the pin system along with the surface friction. The present study describes an experimental design to verify the maximum possible preload on the axial-radial pin at different levels of applied torque. The article also provides a realistic comparison of the pin system with standard bolts in terms of handling axial and radial loads. With some alterations in the axial-radial pin system’s design, the joint’s capability to resist failure improved appreciably compared with the original design and standard bolts with higher preload. As a result, the estimated capability improvement of the joint against the connection failure due to the external radial load by the axial-radial pin is observed to be more than 200 % compared to standard bolts. Considering the pros and cons of both fasteners, i.e., axial-radial pin and standard bolts, a practical solution can be chosen in which both fasteners are used in a connection, and an optimized situation can be developed based on the working conditions.
Iemand moet het doen
Authors: de Hek H.
Published: December 2021

Iemand moet het doen

In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de achtergronden van de aanbevelingen over rekenrente in personenschade.
Internationale doorgifte van persoonsgegevens: aandachtspunten bij het gebruik van modelcontracten
Authors: de Boer D.S.
Published: December 2021

Internationale doorgifte van persoonsgegevens: aandachtspunten bij het gebruik van modelcontracten

Op grond van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming hebben partijen een grondslag nodig om persoonsgegevens vanuit de EER naar derde landen door te mogen geven. In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur de aandachtspunten bij het gebruik van modelcontracten als grondslag voor de doorgifte van persoonsgegevens naar derde landen. Daarbij worden de oude modelcontracten (modelcontractbepalingen) en de nieuwe modelcontracten (standaardcontractbepalingen) vergeleken. Ook signaleert de auteur welke invloed het Schrems II-arrest heeft op het gebruik van de modelcontracten. De bijdrage wordt afgesloten met de conclusie dat, afhankelijk van een door partijen gemaakte risicobeoordeling, modelcontracten mogelijk een grondslag kunnen bieden voor doorgifte van persoonsgegevens naar derde landen.
Onorthodox wetgeven: het wijzigen van een amvb door een wet
Authors: Borman T.C.
Published: December 2021

Onorthodox wetgeven: het wijzigen van een amvb door een wet

Het via een hogere regeling (een wet) wijzigen van een lagere regeling (een algemene maatregel van bestuur) wordt sinds 1993 uitdrukkelijk verboden in de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving. Toch wordt deze techniek heel af en toe toegepast. In deze bijdrage worden achtergronden en overtredingen van dit verbod belicht aan de hand van casuïstiek uit de afgelopen vier decennia. In het bijzonder wordt daarbij ingegaan op adviezen van de Raad van State, die zich niet kenmerken door consistentie. Aansluitend bij dit themanummer, is het vertrekpunt van deze bijdrage een hooggeleerd en hoogoplopend debat dat in 1987 over deze thematiek plaatsvond in de Eerste Kamer.
Art. 6:13 Awb in nood
Authors: van der Veen G.A. (Gerrit)
Published: December 2021

Art. 6:13 Awb in nood

In dit redactioneel wordt ingegaan op de uitspraak van het Europese Hof van Justitie van 14 januari 2021 over de toepassing van art. 6:13 Awb.
Cultuurchristendom in de strijd tegen modern gnosticisme (deel 1)
Authors: van de Breevaart Hans
Published: December 2021

Christianity as a civic religion in the struggle against modern Gnosticism (part 1) – An alternative approach to today’s populism

This article takes issue with the tendency among political scientists and cultural critics to reduce the current rise of populism to resentment among certain groups in society. Instead, the article argues that particularly right-wing populist cultural criticism is derived from the Christian conceptual foundations of Western culture. Typical for these foundations has been the process of ‘diversification’ as defined by the American political philosopher Eric Voegelin (1901-1985). As such, ‘diversification’ is diametrically opposed to the so-called ‘immanentization of the eschaton’ characteristic of modern Gnosticism. Populism is to be understood as a counter-movement to this Gnostic tendency in politics.
Wat heeft het populisme de christelijke kiezer te bieden?
Authors: Maussen Marcel , Appels Vita
Published: December 2021

What does populism have to offer the Christian voter?

In recent years, it has often been suggested that the CDA, and to a lesser extent the ChristenUnie (CU) and the Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP), are losing voters to right-wing populist parties. To examine this proposition, the article first looks at which ‘Christian voters’ would be inclined to vote for right-wing populist parties. Next, a comparison is made between the positions of Forum voor Democratie (FvD), the Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) and JA21 and Christian parties, with respect to issues that are important to Christian voters. An analysis of the various election programmes for the 2021 parliamentary elections shows that while there is overlap between Christian and right-wing populist parties when it comes to limits on religious freedom and moral issues, there also remain significant differences and shared positions are often underpinned by very different arguments.
Drought Response of Rice in Northeastern Thailand Assessed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Phansak Piyaporn , Siriwong Supatcharee , Kanawapee Nantawan , Thumanu Kanjana , Gunnula Wuttichai , Buensanteai Natthiya
Published: December 2021

Drought isa major constraint in many rainfed areas and affects rice yield. We aimed to characterize the physiological changes in rice in response to drought using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Eighty rice landrace seedlings were subjected to drought in the greenhouse using a PEG 6000. Physiological parameters, including total chlorophyll content, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and biochemical changes were evaluated. Based on the FTIR results, the landraces were divided into three main groups: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible. Principal component analysis revealed spectral differences between the control and drought stress treatment groups. Lipid, pectin, and lignin content increased after drought stress. The biochemical components of plants at different drought tolerance levels were also compared. The lipid (CH2 and CH3), lignin (C=C), pectin (C=O), and protein (C=O, N–H) contents were the highest in the drought-tolerant cultivars, followed by the moderately tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. Cultivar 17 and 49 were the most tolerant, and the functional groups were identified and characterized using FTIR. Overall, these results will be useful in selecting parental cultivars for rice breeding programs.
Estimation of critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersection
Authors: Barchański Adrian , Żochowska Renata
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of the entire transportation system depends on the capacity of the individual elements that make up the given network. Point-type elements of the road and street network include intersections of different types. Critical gaps and follow-up times related to individual movements are important determinants of the capacity of such objects. There are many ways to estimate such times. The article discusses the assumptions and scheme one of them - the Siegloch method. The objective of the article is to analyze the process of determining critical gaps and follow-up times at the median uncontrolled T-intersections that are rare in the road and street network and have been studied to a limited extent. The commonly used HCM, HBS, and Polish (MOP SBS) methods in their current form do not consider the speci-ficity of such intersections and thus may not give reliable results. Due to their characteristics in terms of geometry conditions, there is a need for an individual approach to estimate both critical gaps and follow-up times. The article contains the results of empirical research conducted on a selected real object in the Upper Silesian agglomeration in Poland. The intersection under study is located in one of the central districts of Katowice city, in the built-up area serving commercial and service functions. The analysis of the behavior of individual drivers waiting for the possibility to continue driving was conducted separately for each minor traffic movement. The values of critical gaps and follow-up times were determined for all four subordinate movements. The values obtained are different from those contained in the Polish manual, which is recommended for use. The research should be considered as pilot studies that justify the need to develop a separate approach to the estimation of the critical gaps and follow-up times at median uncontrolled T-intersections.
Using BCI and EEG to process and analyze driver’s brain activity signals during VR simulation
Authors: Nader Mirosław , Jacyna-Gołda Ilona , Nader Stanisław , Nehring Karol
Published: December 2021

The use of popular brain–computer interfaces (BCI) to analyze signals and the behavior of brain activity is a very current problem that is often undertaken in various aspects by many researchers. This comparison turns out to be particularly useful when studying the flows of information and signals in the human-machine-environment system, especially in the field of transportation sciences. This article presents the results of a pilot study of driver behavior with the use of a proprietary simulator based on Virtual Reality technology. The study uses the technology of studying signals emitted by the human mind and its specific zones in response to given environmental factors. A solution based on virtual reality with the limitation of external stimuli emitted by the real world was proposed, and computational analysis of the obtained data was performed. The research focused on traffic situations and how they affect the subject. The test was attended by representatives of various age groups, both with and without a driving license. This study presents an original functional model of a research stand in VR technology that we designed and built. Testing in VR conditions allows to limit the influence of undesirable external stimuli that may distort the results of readings. At the same time, it increases the range of road events that can be simulated without generating any risk for the participant. In the presented studies, the BCI was used to assess the driver's behavior, which allows for the activity of selected brain waves of the examined person to be registered. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to study the activity of brain and its response to stimuli coming from the Virtual Reality created environment. Electrical activity detection is possible thanks to the use of electrodes placed on the skin in selected areas of the skull. The structure of the proprietary test-stand for signal and information flow simulation tests, which allows for the selection of measured signals and the method of parameter recording, is presented. An important part of this study is the presentation of the results of pilot studies obtained in the course of real research on the behavior of a car driver.
EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN RELATION TO THE WHISTLEBLOWER DIRECTIVE
Authors: Łaguna Łukasz
Published: December 2021

The whistleblower protection directive may have a significant impact on the essence of understanding employee loyalty in employment relationships. In this paper I argue that the possibility of whistleblowing does not contradict employee duties as expressed in Article 100 § 2 section 4 of the Labor Code. In my opinion, the thesis should be put forward that the employee’s duty of loyalty is limited to the employer’s lawful actions. It would be unacceptable to state that the employment relationship restricts the employee’s freedom of speech in the sense that it prohibits the employee from opposing the employer’s unlawful conduct. Moreover, in my view, the employee’s duty of loyalty should be interpreted in such a way that it is horizontal in nature. This is because it refers to business relations between market entities. The doctrine and judicature extensively describe breaches of the duty of loyalty by employees in the context of horizontal relationships, relating to other
market players, particularly those engaged in competitive activity (the unit-unit relationship). In contrast, the provisions of the Directive on the protection of whistleblowers are vertical standards, relating to the relationship between the individual and the state (public interest). Thus, in my view, the duty of loyalty to the employer cannot outweigh the possibility of acting in the public interest, which is emanated by the provisions of the Directive.
THE SELF-GOVERNMENT OF SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTIONS AS A SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS’ DIALOGUE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE ZUS SUPERVISORY BOARD
Authors: Lach Daniel Eryk
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is the self-government of social insurance institutions as a special expression of the social partners’ dialogue. Author discusses this issue on the example of the evolution of the ZUS Supervisory Board, starting from the interwar period, through the Polish People’s Republic, to the presentation of the current regulations governing the composition and competence of the Board
THE IDEA OF PROCEDURAL JUSTICE BEFORE THE PENSION AUTHORITY
Authors: Szlachta-Kisiel Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The concept of justice, crystallizing over the centuries, is very important in creation of material law and shaping the procedures necessary for their implementation. The importance of ideas and principles of procedural justice for social insurance is essential not only because of the demand of law itself. Procedural justice is also important, because it influences the society. Analysis of the procedure before the pension authority on application for pension or retirement through the prism of the constitutional principle of the rule of law, concept of procedural justice and principle procedural due process indicates that justice is indispensable to realize the principle of the democratic rule of law. Robert S. Summers, recognizing other values of the process, taken from social life, sees the necessity to apply them not so much to the procedure as a means to achieve a specific goal, but to the procedure itself. In this context the procedure before the pension authority should be seen through the prism of the error risk, good result of the procedure, procedure evaluation and participatory management.
Wpływ COVID-19 na system bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w Polsce. Wymiar funkcjonalny
Authors: Gromek Paweł , GUDZBELER Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

W artykule zarysowano problematykę wpływu funkcjonalnego COVID-19 na
system bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w Polsce. Problem badawczy przyjął formę
pytania o to, w jaki sposób COVID-19 wpływa na system bezpieczeństwa
wewnętrznego w Polsce w funkcjonalnym wymiarze tego systemu. Rozwiązano
go z zastosowaniem teoretycznych i empirycznych metod badawczych (w tym
analizy źródeł). Zaprezentowano relacje pomiędzy pandemią i sposobami reagowania
właściwych systemów operacyjnych, aby w konsekwencji skupić się na zmianach
w funkcjonowaniu systemu bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego RP w związku
z pandemią COVID-19. Dokonano analizy zmian w kontekście realizacji strategii
adaptacyjnej wspomnianych systemów operacyjnych do warunków zagrożenia
spełniającego rygory definicyjne katastrofy. Autorzy przedstawili złożoność i wieloaspektowość
materii wpływu COVID-19 na system bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono płaszczyźnie funkcjonalnej, płaszczyźnie
organizacyjnej i płaszczyźnie zasobowej. Badania objęły m.in. system zarządzania
kryzysowego (w odniesieniu do zagrożeń wewnętrznych względem państwa),
KSRG, system PRM, system ochrony granicy państwowej, system bezpieczeństwa
publicznego. Wyniki zaprezentowanych badań potwierdzają, że materializacja
epidemii może prowadzić do powstawania zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa (w tym porządku)
publicznego, a także generować wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa ustrojowego.
Artykuł dostarcza wiedzę nie tylko związaną z zarządzaniem obecną pandemią, ale
również na potrzeby przygotowania się na kolejne tego rodzaju zagrożenia, którego
wystąpienie zdaje się być jedynie kwestią czasu.
Reliability and Effectiveness of Sprinkler Systems in Poland
Authors: Tofiło Piotr , Młynarz Adam
Published: December 2021

The article presents research on the reliability and effectiveness of sprinkler systems
in selected countries around the world as well as results of similar studies conducted
in Poland based on the data of the State Fire Service. First discussed are the specifics
of analysed data and the problems regarding its acquisition and presentation in
a simplified form without proper reflection and the assessment of its specificity, quality,
detail, uncertainty and completeness. The next step presents the methodology
of detailed data analysis based on full description of fire events and the segregation
of fire events into separate subcategories. Such an analysis allowed the presumption
that in the five-year period 2013–2017, in 94.4% of relevant fire events sprinkler
systems in Poland have demonstrated the achievement of their intended goals. This
result is similar to the results achieved in other countries known for high level of
fire safety culture (USA, UK, Sweden). In the author’s opinion, this proves the high
immanent reliability of these systems, which results from their simple construction
and proper maintenance, and not from the country in which they were installed. Taking into account these results, it is recommended that Poland should update
its regulations in a manner similar to that of developed countries, so that they take
into account in a greater extent the protective value and characteristics of sprinkler
systems and the benefits resulting from their application. It is also recommended to
increase the detail of publicly collected data on fire protection systems in buildings
because better knowledge about the characteristics of these systems in Poland may
allow achieving an even higher level of their reliability and effectiveness.
SPOŁECZNY ODBIÓR UCHODŹCÓW A ICH EWENTUALNY UDZIAŁ W TWORZENIU ZAGROŻEŃ BEZPIECZEŃSTWA
Authors: Stawicki Roman
Published: December 2021

Migracje i uchodźstwo to jedne ze symptomów globalnego świata. Dlatego badanie
tych zjawisk staje się istotne nie tylko dla zarysowania ich pełniejszego obrazu
w teraźniejszości, ale ma walor poznawczy również względem projekcji przyszłości.
Pewien komponent zrealizowanego projektu badawczego dotyczącego uchodźstwa
w kontekście szeroko rozumianego bezpieczeństwa stał się ostoją dla niniejszego
artykułu. Celem zawartych w nim rozważań było zaprezentowanie wyników przeprowadzonych
badań własnych dotyczących społecznego odbioru uchodźców
w kontekście ich ewentualnego udziału w tworzeniu zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa.
Pierwszy problem badawczy był związany z diagnozą wiedzy Polaków na temat
uchodźców i ich opinii co do udzielania im różnych form pomocy oraz wsparcia.
Zbadano również nastawienie respondentów do przyjmowania i traktowania
uchodźców na terytorium RP. Trzecie pytanie badawcze, na które poszukiwano
odpowiedzi, brzmiało: Czy obecność uchodźców w Polsce kojarzy się z ewentualnym
wzrostem zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa? Badania dowiodły, że kształtowanie
opinii publicznej na temat zjawiska uchodźstwa i jego implikacji dla współczesnego
bezpieczeństwa zależy od co najmniej kilku determinantów, w tym wiedzy, niekiedy doświadczenia własnego, przekazów medialnych w kontekście ważnych wydarzeń
z udziałem migrantów, a także polityki migracyjnej danego państwa.
Seed Priming: An Interlinking Technology between Seeds, Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment
Authors: Mondal Sananda , Bose Bandana
Published: December 2021

Biologically seed is a small embryonic plant along with either endosperm or cotyledons, enclosed with in an outer protecting covering called seed coat. During the time of seed development large metabolic conversions take place, including proper partitioning of photo-assimilates and the formation of complex polymeric forms of carbohydrate, protein and fats for storing as seed reserves. In developing phase of seeds, every detail information stored in the embryonic plant are genetically and sometimes epigenetically also predetermined and influenced by various environmental/external factors already faced by the mother plant. In the growth cycle of plants, seed germination and seedling establishment are the two critical phases where survivability of the seedlings in natural habitats is a matter of question until the onset of photosynthesis by the established seedling. The various sequence of complex processes known to occur in both the phases i.e., an array of metabolic activities are initiating which eventually leads to the renewal of embryo growth of the dormant seeds and ultimately seedlings are established. Efficient seed germination is an important factor for agricultural sciences and successful establishment of germinated seedling requires a rapid and uniform emergence and root growth. With these aspects of seed physiology kept in mind the present chapter will be designed in such a way where, a gap filling, inter linking, eco- and farmers\' friendly technology i.e., ‘seed priming’ (a pre-sowing partial hydration of seeds) will be considered to improve the rate and uniformity of germination and seedling establishment. Under optimal and adverse environmental conditions, the primed seeds of diversified species lead to an enhanced germination performance with increased vigor index has been reported by various scientists which indicates a good establishment of seedlings in the field and thereafter enhance the performance of crops as a whole.
Phospholipid Based Nano Drug Delivery Systems of Phytoconstituents
Authors: Hossain Shariare Mohammad , Kazi Mohsin
Published: December 2021

The development of phytochemistry and phyto-pharmacology has enabled elucidation of composition and biological activities of several medicinal plant constituents. However phytoconstituents are poorly absorbed due to their low aqueous solubility, large molecular size and poor membrane permeability when taken orally. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems can be used to improve the dissolution rate, permeability and stability of these phytoconstituents. The current chapter aims to present the extraction of phytoconstituents, their identifications, and development/utilization of phospholipid based nano drug delivery systems (PBNDDS). The content of the chapter also provides characteristic features, in-vitro, in-vivo evaluations and stability performance of PBNDDS. The results from the UHPLC and GC-MS showed different phytoconstituents in the extracted samples with quantitative value. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data showed PBNDDS of different phytoconstituents in the range of 50–250 nm with PDI value of 0.02–0.5, which was also confirmed by the electron microscopic data. Phytoconstituents loading or entrapment for PBNDDS was in the range of 60–95%. PBNDDS exhibited better in-vitro and in-vivo performance with improved Physico-chemical stability.
Characterisation of a Novel Radiological Entity in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - Diffuse Neurofibromatous Tissue
Authors: Amruth Nadella Venkata , Joshi George K. , Soh Calvin
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To describe the prevalence, demographics and characteristics of a novel radiological entity in neurofibromatosis type 1: diffuse neurofibromatous tissue (DNFT) Design: Aretrospective, descriptive review of MDT and radiology notes. Methods: Of the 1049 patients from the NF1 adult radiology MDT minutes (2009–2021), 77 patients with DNFT were identified and clinical data were collected. MRI scans from 20 DNFT cases were interpreted. Results: Although overall gender distribution of DNFT was roughly even, it was more prevalent in females (73.9%) at the sacroiliac joint—where this entity was most common (29.9%). DNFT often involves the fibrous part of the sacroiliac joint and is seen as diffuse, streaky infiltrating tissues that cause bone erosion without mass effect. The period prevalence of scoliosis and dural ectasia on corresponding spinal levels with spinal DNFT was 62.8 and 51.2%, respectively (n=43). Conclusions: This is the first reported descriptive study of DNFT in NF1 and the first to describe its MRI features in detail. The predilection for the sacroiliac joint and the possible associations with scoliosis and dural ectasia provide important insights that can form the basis for future studies whilst also suggesting the need for active surveillance of this tissue in NF1 patients.
Radon in Underground Mines
Authors: Tukkaraja Purushotham , Bhargava Rahul , Jayaraman Sridharan Srivatsan
Published: December 2021

Radon, a radioactive noble gas, is a decay product of uranium found in varying concentrations in all soils and rocks in the earth crust. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and a leading cause of lung cancer death in the USA. A study of underground miners shows that 40% of lung cancer deaths may be due to radon progeny exposure. In underground mines, radon monitoring and exposure standards help in limiting miners’ exposure to radioactivity. Radon mitigation techniques play an important role in keeping its concentration levels under permissible limits. This chapter presents a review of the radon sources and monitoring standards followed for underground mines in the USA. Also, the different radon prediction and measurement techniques employed in the underground mines and potential mitigation techniques for underground mining operations are discussed.
Polyimide: From Radiation-Induced Degradation Stability to Flat, Flexible Devices
Authors: S. Alegaonkar Prashant , N. Bhoraskar Vasant , V. Bhoraskar Sudha
Published: December 2021

Polyimide (PI, PMDA-ODA, C22H11N2O5, Kapton-H), is a class of polymer, extensively used in microelectronics and space technology, due to its exceptional mechanical, dielectric, and chemical properties. In space, PI heat shield experiences a harsh environment of energetic electrons, ultra-violet radiation, and atomic oxygen, causing degradation and erosion. Radiation-assisted physicochemical surface modulations in PI, in view of understanding and reducing the degradation in laboratory-based systems, are discussed in the chapter. Strategies for the design and development of 2D, flat, and flexible electromechanical devices by swift heavy ion induced bulk modifications in PI are also described. Fabrication of a couple of such devices, including their performance analysis, is presented.
A Novel Wastewater Treatment Method Using Electrical Pulsed Discharge Plasma over a Water Surface
Authors: Takahashi Katsuyuki , Takaki Koichi , Satta Naoya
Published: December 2021

Electrical pulsed discharge plasma produces various powerful oxidizing agents, such as hydroxyl radicals and ozone, which have high oxidation potential. These species play an important role in the decomposition of persistent organic compounds in wastewater. Because highly concentrated oxidants are directly produced inside the plasma, plasma realizes high-speed wastewater treatment without pretreatment of samples, such as pH adjustment. The pulsed discharge plasma generated over the water surface and inside bubbles is highlighted as a highly efficient method for plasma generation and radical supply into wastewater. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of the discharge plasma generated over a water surface are described. The decomposition of persistent organic compounds dissolved in wastewater, such as 1,4-dioxane, formic acid, and dichloromethane, by plasma discharge is demonstrated, and their mechanisms are discussed. These persistent compounds, which have strong toxicity and stability, can be efficiently decomposed and removed quickly from solutions by plasma treatment. Furthermore, the treatment of nutrient solutions used in hydroponic systems for plant cultivation is also introduced as a novel application of plasma, and the effects of bacterial inactivation, decomposition of allelochemicals, and improvement in plant growth by plasma are demonstrated.
microRNAs: Are They Important in the Development of Resistance in Leishmaniasis?
Authors: Alves de Araújo Sandra , Aranha da Penha-Silva Tatiane , Diniz Pinho Jaqueline , de Souza Andrade Marcelo , Lucia Abreu-Silva Ana
Published: December 2021

Leishmaniasis is an infectious and parasitic disease of great importance in public health. Numerous studies indicate that biochemical and molecular mechanisms are factors that contribute to the emergence of antileishmanial drug resistance. Currently, miRNAs have been identified as targets for the invasion of pathogens to control the immune response and imply resistance to treatments. Considering the alarming growth in drug resistance, new possibilities for controlling leishmaniasis have been emerging. Natural compounds originating from medicinal plants are being increasingly explored as promising antileishmanial alternatives. The chapter aims to provide a brief review on mechanisms of action associated with traditional agents used to treat leishmaniasis, focusing mainly on molecular bases associated with the resistance of Leishmania spp. to current drugs and identifying the possible miRNAs involved in this process. In addition, we seek to describe some of the promising plant molecules that can be used as potential antileishmanial agents and their possible mechanisms of action.
Postoperative Pain Control Following Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Implantation
Authors: Magnusson Peter , Ann LeQuang Jo , V. Pergolizzi Joseph
Published: December 2021

Postoperative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) surgery may not always be adequately treated. The postoperative pain trajectory occurs over several days following the procedure with tenderness and limited arm range of motion lasting for weeks after surgery. Pain control typically commences in the perioperative period while the patient is in the hospital and may continue after discharge; outpatients may be given a prescription and advice for their analgesic regimen. It is not unusual for CIED patients to be discharged a few hours after implantation. While opioids are known as an effective analgesic to manage acute postoperative pain, growing scrutiny on opioid use as well as their side effects and potential risks have limited their use. Opioids may be considered for appropriate patients for a short course of treatment of acute postoperative pain, but other analgesics may likewise be considered.
Hydrogen as a Clean Energy Source
Authors: Rama Uttam Pandit Vikram
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development of the world is mainly dependent on the use of present energy resources, which primarily includes water, wind, solar, geothermal, and nuclear power. Hydrogen as a clean and green energy source can be the resolution of the energy challenge and may satisfy the demands of several upcoming generations. Hydrogen when used it does not produce any type of pollutant and this makes it a best candidate as a clean energy. Hydrogen energy can be generated from natural gas, oil, biomass, and fossil fuels using thermochemical, photocatalytic, microbiological and electrolysis processes. Large scale hydrogen production is also testified up to some extent with proper engineering for multi applications. Alas, storage and transportation of hydrogen are the main challenge amongst scientific community. Photocatalytic hydrogen production with good efficiencies and amount is well discussed. Till date, using a variety of metal oxide-sulfide, carbon-based materials, metal organic frameworks are utilized by doping or with their composites for enhance the hydrogen production. Main intents of this chapter are to introduce all the possible areas of hydrogen applications and main difficulties of hydrogen transportation, storage and achievements in the hydrogen generation with its applications.
Elimination of Acid Red 88 by Waste Product from the Phosphate Industry: Batch Design and Regeneration
Authors: Boughzala Khaled , Hidouri Mustapha
Published: December 2021

Waste regenerated after washing of rock phosphate and phosphogypsum has been proposed as removal agents of Acid Red 88 (AR 88)) from artificially contaminated solution. Natural phosphate (PN) was also studied for comparison. These materials were characterized beforehand, as is intended for the removal tests, by chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis– differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption isotherms. The conducted experiments show that among the different materials, the PWR has the highest retention capacity of the dye (123.4 mg g−1) of AR-88. Upon calcinations, the removal capacities reduced by 60 to 70%. We take note also that a decrease in the amount of removed AR 88 dye occurs with an increase in pH. The kinetics data on the reaction between AR 88 and the materials are described well by a pseudo -second-order model. The Langmuir model is successfully applied to the experimental data of the removal of acid red 88. The removal process is exothermic.
Antituberculosis Drug-induced Linear IgA Dermatosis
Authors: Nopriyati Nopriyati , Diba Sarah , Thaha Athuf , Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana , Aryani Inda Astri , Trilisnawati Damai
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Linear IgA dermatosis is a rare autoimmune vesiculobullous disease characterized by homogeneous linear IgA deposits in basement membrane of epidermis, and it can be idiopathic or drug-induced. The pathogenesis of drug-induced linear IgA dermatosis is not fully known yet, but it is associated with specific T cells. The clinical manifestations of the disease include vesiculobullous eruption, erythematous plaques, or string of pearls. Most cases still need additional therapy to avoid the expansion of the disease. Case Presentation: In this study, we present a 17-year-old male patient with erythema plaques, vesicles, and bullae with erosion in facial, oral, neck, trunk, genital, and extremities, pruritus, and burning sensation. The patient was undergoing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment for one week. Physical examination was done, and total BSA 10% and negative Asboe-Hansen sign were seen. The treatment consisted of delaying administration of TB drugs, desoximetasone cream 0.25%, cetirizine 10 mg, and aspiration of bullae. Conclusions: Drug-induced linear IgA dermatosis can occur at any age due to the administration of rifampicin and other antibiotics, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The drug can stimulate specific T cells that release Th2 cytokines to produce IgA antibodies against the basement membrane of epidermis. Drugs may cause an autoimmune response by cross-reaction with the target epitope, altering the conformation of epitopes, or exposing previously sequestered antigens to the immune system. The causative drug was stopped, and methyl prednisolone 0.5 - 1 mg/kg/day was given as initial therapy. In this study, we reported a rare case of a 17-year-old male with anti-TB drug-induced linear IgA dermatosis. Diagnosis was done based on clinical manifestation, histopathology, and immunofluorescence. The causative drug was stopped, the patient was given topical and systemic steroid therapy and drug desensitization. Remission was noted after six weeks of therapy, and oral steroid was slowly tapered and stopped on day 42. After stopping oral steroids, no lesions were reported. A 6-month follow-up revealed no signs of recurrence.
Design and Implementation of a Guideline-Based Workflow Software System for Improving the Chemotherapy Process
Authors: Afrash Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Azamossadat , Rabiei Reza , Salari Sina , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Kianersi Shirin
Published: December 2021

Background: While chemotherapy is an effective method for the treatment of patients with cancer, it is a complex, multidisciplinary, and error-prone process. Paper-based protocols are commonly applied in chemotherapy; however, they fail to eliminate the complexity of this process. Therefore, a new guideline-based workflow software (GWS) system is needed to improve the workflow and quality of chemotherapy process. Methods: Planning was initiated 11 months before the system implementation and it involved a multidisciplinary group to analyze the current chemotherapy workflow and protocols for identifying the workflow components, analyzing paper-based protocols, developing computer-based protocols, and designing of systems based on an object-oriented analysis. To implement the GWS, we applied a system based on Python programming language and SQL language. Results: The conceptual model was developed based on need assessments and chemotherapy steps. A minimum dataset was developed for the electronic health records. We established examination forms for the patient management system (PMS), as well as specific standard forms for chemotherapy ordering, prescription verification and administration templates. Finally, developed GWS system consisted of a PMS, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), prescription verification system (PVS), and nursing administration system (NAS). Conclusions: A PMS, a PVS, a NAS, and a guideline-based clinical decision support system were integrated into the CPOE system to improve the chemotherapy process. Elimination of iterations and unnecessary steps in old chemotherapy workflow, improving patient safety, improvement of communication and coordination between healthcare providers, and use of updated evidence-based medicine in direct chemotherapy orders justify the deployment of GWS in the cancer care settings.
Large ants are not easy – the taxonomy of Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae)
Authors: Dias Amanda Martins , Lattke John Edwin
Published: December 2021

The taxonomy of the giant ants of the genus Dinoponera is revised based on female and male morphology. Eight species are recognized. Dinoponera nicinha sp. nov., from Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil, is described and D. grandis (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) is revived. The species D. australis Emery, 1901 and D. snellingi Lenhart, Dash & Mackay, 2013, plus the subspecies D. australis bucki Borgmeier, 1937 and D. australis nigricolor Borgmeier, 1937 are synonymized under D. grandis sp. rev. An unnamed and unidentified male is reported. In general, male morphology has greater and more discrete variation than in females, but they are scarce in museum collections. Species distributions are updated and illustrated, the genus ranging from southern Colombia to northern Argentina, with no reliable records from the Guiana Shield and all nominal species occurring in Brazil.  Intraspecific variation and natural history are discussed. New illustrated identification keys are provided for both sexes. Future studies should address the collection of fresh specimens for molecular work and to assess the conservation status of several species and populations.
Representaciones teatrales del Siglo de Oro en Albacete (1870 – 1936)
Authors: Gómez Caballero Iván
Published: December 2021

Nuestro trabajo pretende elaborar un panorama de las representaciones teatrales del Siglo de Oro en la ciudad de Albacete entre el periodo que compendia los años 1860 y 1936. Así pues, analizamos los datos para conocer cuál era el gusto de los albaceteños en esta época, qué obras se representaron con mayor asiduidad y cuáles fueron los dramaturgos más exitosos.
Autor implícito y narrador no fiable en Fábula asiática (2016), de Rodrigo Rey Rosa: una dialéctica negativa
Authors: Coello Gutiérrez Emiliano
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo analiza Fábula asiática (2016), la decimosegunda novela del autor guatemalteco Rodrigo Rey Rosa. Se trata de una obra interesante por estar ambientada en Tánger (ciudad literaria por excelencia) y porque inevitablemente alude a algunos de los deseos, zozobras y temores de la compleja época actual. Si lo antedicho no carece de importancia, podría aseverarse que Fábula asiática adquiere relieve, más bien, por cuestiones de técnica narrativa. En efecto, la novela propone varios itinerarios de lectura, según se tenga en cuenta la perspectiva del narrador no fidedigno o el punto de vista del autor implícito, su opuesto. Como ocurre con el resto de la narrativa del autor, el texto tomará vuelo no solo por lo que dice, sino también por lo que silencia, por lo que oculta, por orientarse, de manera inequívoca, hacia lo inefable.
Actors’ and Actresses’ Perceptions on the Applications of Discourse Analysis from a Qualitative and Quantitative Outlook to Musical Theatre
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús
Published: December 2021

Homo loquens has the ability of language. Language is present in all the aspects of life, including performing arts. The main goal of this proposal is to assess the perception of actors and actresses on a resource which has been developed to help them make the most of the text; the fundaments of this resource are in the linguistic theory. The main goal of this acting resource which combines a quantitative and a qualitative approach to the text is to foster critical thinking. The goal is thus to approach the dramatic text from different perspectives to provoke deep reflections on the text through discourse analysis. Subsidiarily, an interview to a professional actress has been carried out to know her thoughts on the resource and her perception was positive. As a conclusion, it might be interesting to explore the relationships between drama and linguistics.
Sob o mito da violência edulcorada: faces e raízes das hostilidades cometidas na revolta “constitucionalista” de 1932
Authors: Rodrigues João Paulo
Published: December 2021

Já não é tão restrito o rol de abordagens dedicadas ao levante de 1932 em São Paulo. Surpreendentemente, entretanto, a violência que teve lugar neste conflito permaneceu distante dos holofotes. Mais do que isso. Ela foi suplantada por uma leitura edulcorada da insurreição, que ostenta as imagens da mobilização para a guerra e, simultaneamente, oculta as brutalidades e sofrimentos dos corpos. Este artigo, por conseguinte, valendo-se de perfis de combatentes mortos no confronto e de processos militares abertos para apurar crimes de guerra, problematiza as dimensões da violência física no levante paulista, as suas causas e significados. Dessa análise vem à tona outro lado da revolta: o das agressões brutais e até voluntárias, que, para além das circunstâncias “inevitáveis” da guerra, deitam raízes em conflitos e ódios antigos, arraigados entre brasileiros ao menos desde o começo da república.
Palavras-chave: violência; “Revolução Constitucionalista”; 1932.