bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervision of students in a Portuguese veterinary medicine school—students’ and supervisors’ expectations, perceptions, and supervision impact
Authors: Cota João , Cunha Eva , Bexiga Ricardo , Oliveira Manuela
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The student-supervisor relationship can be a major cause of psychological distress experienced by students during their study programs. Misalignment between students’ and supervisors’ expectations and perceptions can originate conflicts, highly affecting the wellbeing of students and hindering the progress of their studies. This study was based on a questionnaire focusing on the perceptions of students and supervisors regarding the most important student attributes and outcomes, supervision expectations and perceptions, and supervision impact on mental health of students from a Portuguese Veterinary Medicine School.

Methods

The participants included 36 students from different study programs (bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral and veterinary specialization) and their corresponding supervisors (three).

Results

The results indicate that veterinary post-graduate and specialization students and their supervisors share similar expectations regarding key student traits and supervision outcomes. Students expected supervisors to be actively involved, particularly in developing technical skills, and generally rated the supervision as of high or very high quality, emphasizing the importance of supervisors’ commitment. In contrast, supervisors were more focused on fostering students’ autonomy, and their assessments of the supervision quality were more diverse. The factors that most affected student’s mental health were the progress of the research or training program and students’ personal expectations, while supervisors perceived that their expectations also induced a negative impact on students’ mental health.

Discussion

Further and continuous research is needed to better understand both the needs and expectations of students and supervisors in different academic realities, including in Veterinary Medicine schools, from which the information available on the subject is scarce.
Transcriptomic analysis of the inhibition mechanisms against Pseudomonas plecoglossicida by antibacterial aptamer B4
Authors: Tan Ying , Lin Xiaojun , Huang Lixing , Yan Qingpi , Wang Jiaen , Weng Qibiao , Zhengzhang Yuwei , Chen Yiran , Ma Ying , Zheng Jiang
Published: December 2024

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a common bacterial pathogen in aquaculture, often leading to visceral white spot disease in large yellow croakers (Pseudosciaena crocea). Previous studies have found that certain aptamers show an efficient antibacterial effect against this pathogen. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of P. plecoglossicida to get insights into the antibacterial and inhibitions mechanisms following exposure to the aptamer B4. The results showed seven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the antibacterial effect of the aptamer, namely sad gene encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase, the paaB gene of phenylacetyl coenzyme A cyclooxygenase, the metN1 gene of ABC transporter proteins, two transposase genes with different positions but identical sequences involved in cutting and splicing DNA sequences, and two hypothetical protein genes with unknown functions. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in DNA-mediated translocation, phenylacetic acid catabolism, growth hormone catabolism, polyamine transporter ATPase activity, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, ABC transporter protein complex, and other related pathways. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the metabolic pathway of niacin and niacinamide mediated through the sad gene was the most significant and relevant, followed by the metabolism of phenylalanine, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Real-time quantitative PCR validation showed that the changes in the DEGs were consistent with the transcriptome analysis. These results suggest that the antibacterial aptamer B4 may inhibit P. plecoglossicida by blocking the synthesis of essential nucleic acids and proteins through the modulation of these DEGs and inhibiting their metabolic pathways.
Study of Non-Newtonian Fluids’ Load-Carrying Capacity for Polyoxyethylene Oxide Water-Based Lubricants
Authors: Yao Huaping , Niu Jimei , Zhang Ruihua , Huang Ping
Published: December 2024

Water-based lubricants have become increasingly prevalent across various fields due to their accessibility, cooling properties, and environmentally friendly characteristics. This study investigated the non-Newtonian properties of polyoxyethylene oxide (PEO) aqueous solutions. The rheological behaviors of 1%, 2%, and 3% PEO aqueous solutions were assessed using a flat plate rheometer. Shear strain responses were comprehensively analyzed, resulting in the derivation of the corresponding power law functions. The total loads of 1%, 2%, and 3% PEO aqueous solutions can be obtained by the numerical integration of Reynolds equations. Results indicate that at high shear strain rates, load-carrying capacity increased; however, the rate of increase gradually diminished as the shear strain rate rose. In practical applications, shear stress is subject to fluctuations; negative viscosity occurs resulting in reduced hydrodynamic pressure and potential lubrication failure. Full viscosity and incremental viscosity are introduced, with the latter being identified as a crucial factor that provides a more direct characterization of the relationship between shear stress and shear strain rate. This factor significantly influences the load-bearing capacity of the lubrication film in non-Newtonian fluids.
Cybersecurity Practices and Supply Chain Performance: The Case of Jordanian Banks
Authors: Al-Khatib Saleh Fahed , Ibrahim Yara Yousef , Alnadi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of cybersecurity practices on supply chain performance in the Jordanian banking sector. A survey was used to obtain data from managers and customers. Data from 40 managers’ and 250 digital banking customers’ surveys were collected, of which 220 were valid to be analyzed using IBM SPSS V26 and PLS-SEM V4; 30 responses were excluded due to invalidity issues such as zero standard deviation and outliers identified using Cook’s distance. This study empirically demonstrates the significant positive impact of cybersecurity practices on Jordanian banking supply chain performance. Specifically, the confidentiality, integrity, and availability dimensions strongly correlate with the banks’ supply chain performance. The results indicate that managers have a high degree of cybersecurity awareness and implementation, emphasizing the significance of regular cybersecurity practice training and discussions. Customers desired improved communication and explanation on cybersecurity issues from their banks despite being generally satisfied with cybersecurity. This study’s significant contribution lies in identifying the actual levels of cybersecurity practices and supply chain performance in the Jordanian banking sector and their interaction from both managers’ and customers’ perspectives. Future investigations into the long-term impacts of cybersecurity investments and the comparative examination of cybersecurity methods across other sectors or locations would benefit greatly from this research’s insightful findings. Practically, the results highlight the value of investing in cutting-edge cybersecurity measures, training staff, and effectively explaining procedures and protocols to clients. All of these measures together improve efficiency, trust, and collaboration throughout the banking supply chain.
Unpacking the Entrepreneurship Education Conundrum: Lecturer Competency, Curriculum, and Pedagogy
Authors: Iwu Chux Gervase , Maziriri Eugine Tafadzwa , Sibanda Lucky , Makwara Tendai
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study explores the complex landscape of entrepreneurship education by focusing on lecturer competency, entrepreneurship curriculum, and pedagogy. This study addresses critical gaps in the current literature by investigating key questions: ideal instructional approaches for entrepreneurship, essential components of the curriculum, providers of entrepreneurial knowledge, and overarching strategies to foster entrepreneurship in higher education. Employing the Gioia methodology, this research adopted a qualitative inductive approach by collecting data from 14 participants actively engaged in entrepreneurship education and development across various South African universities. The findings highlight the diverse perspectives of academics and underscore the importance of collaborative and interactive teaching methods in preparing students for entrepreneurial challenges. This research contributes valuable insights to inform policy and practice in enhancing entrepreneurship education within South African higher education institutions (HEIs).
Calibration of Discrete Element Simulation Parameters and Model Construction for the Interaction Between Coastal Saline Alkali Soil and Soil-Engaging Components
Authors: Xu Nan , Xin Zhenbo , Yuan Jin , Gao Zenghui , Tian Yu , Xia Chao , Liu Xuemei , Wang Dongwei
Published: December 2024

There are approximately 36.7 million hectares of saline alkali land available in China. To enhance the comprehensive utilization value of coastal saline alkali land and boost crop yields in such areas, it is essential to conduct research on optimizing the operational performance of high-performance soil contact components in light of the soil characteristics of coastal saline alkali land. Discrete element simulation can be employed to investigate the operational mechanisms of various key components. Nevertheless, at present, there is a dearth of discrete element models for the key physical parameters and soil structure of coastal saline alkali land soil. In this article, typical coastal saline alkali field soil was sampled, and the physical properties of the saline alkali soil, including salt content, moisture content, particle size distribution, and particle size, as well as intrinsic parameters such as soil compaction, density, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus, were measured. The Hertz Mindlin with Bonding contact model was employed. Physical experiments on soil accumulation angles at different depths were carried out using the cylindrical lifting method. Subsequently, by means of the discrete element method and the BBD experimental design method, a response surface model was established, and an optimization analysis was performed on the optimal parameters for the soil–soil collision recovery coefficient, static friction coefficient, and dynamic friction coefficient at each depth. Test benches for measuring the collision recovery coefficient, static friction coefficient, and rolling friction coefficient of saline alkali soil at -65Mn were set up, calculation formulas for each parameter were derived, and the contact parameters between soil at different depths and 65Mn were obtained. The results of the sliding friction angle test on different depths of saline alkali soil at -65Mn were further verified using the discrete element method, with a maximum error of 3.11%, which falls within the allowable range. This suggests that the calibration results of the discrete element simulation parameters for the interaction between soil and contact components are reliable, providing data and model support for future research on enhancing the operational performance of high-performance contact components.
System Design for a Prototype Acoustic Network to Deter Avian Pests in Agriculture Fields
Authors: Amenyedzi Destiny Kwabla , Kazeneza Micheline , Mwaisekwa Ipyana Issah , Nzanywayingoma Frederic , Nsengiyumva Philibert , Bamurigire Peace , Ndashimye Emmanuel , Vodacek Anthony
Published: December 2024

Crop damage attributed to pest birds is an important problem, particularly in low-income countries. This paper describes a prototype system for pest bird detection using a Conv1D neural network model followed by scaring actions to reduce the presence of pest birds on farms. Acoustic recorders were deployed on farms for data collection, supplemented by acoustic libraries. The sounds of pest bird species were identified and labeled. The labeled data were used in Edge Impulse to train a tinyML Conv1D model to detect birds of interest. The model was deployed on Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense (nodes) and XIAO (Base station) microcontrollers to detect the pest birds, and based on the detection, scaring sounds were played to deter the birds. The model achieved an accuracy of 96.1% during training and 92.99% during testing. The testing F1 score was 0.94, and the ROC score was 0.99, signifying a good discriminatory ability of the model. The prototype was able to make inferences in 53 ms using only 14.8 k of peak RAM and only 43.8 K of flash memory to store the model. Results from the prototype deployment in the field demonstrated successful detection and triggering actions and SMS messaging notifications. Further development of this novel integrated and sustainable solution will add another tool for dealing with pest birds.
Roles of Economic Integration and Climate Distance in Agri-Food Trade: Evidence from the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Kong Qingtun , Yamada Masaaki , Wang Jiajun , Li Muzi , Nie Haisong
Published: December 2024

The Asia-Pacific region has gradually become a driver of global economic growth, with economic integration agreements (EIAs) and climate distance playing increasingly important roles in the agri-food trade in the 21st century. The recent signing and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) have garnered global attention. This study examines the roles of different types of regional trade agreements and climate distance in the agri-food trade in the Asia-Pacific region and constructs a trade system involving 19 member countries of the RCEP and the CPTPP by analyzing panel data from 2003 to 2022. The Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator is employed to estimate an augmented gravity model that considers domestic trade flows, endogeneity issues, reverse causality, globalization effects, long-term effects, and overlapping membership. The empirical findings demonstrate that partial scope agreements and EIAs significantly promote bilateral agri-food trade, whereas temperature distance acts as a barrier and precipitation distance has a negligible effect. Overlapping members of the RCEP and CPTPP exhibit cumulative positive effects three years after the implementation of EIAs, resulting in an approximately 52.1% increase in the bilateral agri-food trade after ten years. Additionally, overlapping membership mitigates the long-term negative impact of temperature distance. This study reveals that the seven overlapping members of the RCEP and CPTPP in the Asia-Pacific region achieve greater benefits more quickly through EIAs, suggesting that overlapping membership can be an effective adaptive strategy for dealing with climate change.
Precision Nutrient and Soil Tillage Management for Sustainable Winter Barley Production (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Tillage Impact on Soil CO2 Emission
Authors: Bogale Amare Assefa , Kende Zoltan , Tarnawa Akos , Miko Peter , Birkás Marta , Kovács Gergő Péter , Percze Attila
Published: December 2024

Precision sustainable agronomic practices are crucial for achieving global food security as well as mitigating climate change. A field experiment was conducted at the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences in Gödöllő from 2023 to 2024. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil tillage and foliar nutrient supplementation on winter barley yield, associated characteristics, and soil CO2 emissions. Employing a split-plot design with three replications, the experiment included four nutrient treatments (control, bio-cereal, bio-algae, and MgSMnZn blend) and two soil tillage type (i.e., plowing and cultivator). The study found that soil CO2 emissions were influenced by the crop growth stage across both tillage treatments throughout the growing seasons, but the tillage system itself did not have an effect. Similarly, the leaf chlorophyll content was not affected by tillage and nutrient treatments. Plant height, the leaf area index (LAI), and thousand kernel weights (TKW) were significantly affected by nutrient treatments across the growing seasons. Both nutrient and tillage treatments also had a notable effect on the number of productive tillers in winter barley. Moreover, nutrient and tillage treatments consistently influenced grain yield across the two growing seasons, and their interaction significantly impacted both grain yield and thousand kernel weights. The bio-cereal nutrient treatment combined with plowing tillage yielded the highest values for most parameters throughout the growing seasons. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of bio-cereal nutrient treatments and plowing tillage can boost winter barley yields. Notably, soil CO2 emissions peak during the crops’ reproductive stage, surpassing levels from early growth.
Estimation of Soil Evaporation in Apple Orchards Based on Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes
Authors: Huang Jialiang , Hua Yi , Zhang Li , Yu Chunxiu , Chen Kexin , Gu Linyun , Wu Yi , Wei Haoyan , Li Min
Published: December 2024

Accurate estimation of soil evaporation and plant transpiration is crucial for the scientific and effective management of water resources in apple orchards. Using apple orchards of varying ages as research subjects, the Craig–Gordon model was employed to quantitatively estimate the soil evaporation loss rate, and water balance analysis was utilized to differentiate between soil evaporation and plant transpiration. This study analyzed the effects of extreme precipitation on soil evaporation in apple orchards of varying ages. The results indicated the following: All stable isotopic compositions of soil water fell within the lower right region of the Local Meteoric Water Line, and extreme precipitation reduced the intercept of the Evaporation Trend Line in apple orchards of varying ages. Soil evaporation loss rates in 2021 and 2022 ranged from 13% to 24% and from 14% to 18%, respectively. In 2022, the soil evaporation of apple orchards of 12 y, 15 y, 19 y and 22 y was measured at 123, 77, 129 and 143 mm, respectively, indicating negative correlation (R = −0.75) between soil evaporation and the leaf area index. The corresponding plant transpiration levels were 617 mm, 552 mm, 522 mm and 330 mm, indicating a linear negative correlation between plant transpiration and age (R = −0.92). These results are helpful to guide the scientific development of irrigation systems for apple orchards and provide a reference for enhancing apple yield and promoting the sustainable development of the apple industry.
Development and Validation of a Robust and Straightforward LC-MS Method for Measuring Taurine in Whole Blood and Plasma of Dogs and Reference Intervals Calculation
Authors: Furlanello Tommaso , Masti Riccardo , Bertolini Francesca Maria , Ongaro Valeria , Zoia Andrea , Sanchez del Pulgar Jose
Published: December 2024

Several studies have highlighted the essential role of taurine in maintaining the health of small animals, particularly dogs. Taurine deficiency has been linked to various health issues, especially in certain dog breeds. Therefore, accurately assessing taurine levels in canine blood is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring these conditions. In this study, we present the development of a novel liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for rapidly quantifying taurine concentrations in dog whole blood and plasma. The method was validated according to current guidelines, showing excellent accuracy, precision, and sensitivity across a wide concentration range. Specifically, the limit of quantification was set at 80 nmol/mL for whole blood and 8 nmol/mL for plasma, ensuring the method’s reliability for both matrices. The application of this validated technique to blood samples of healthy dogs allowed for the establishment of reference intervals for taurine concentrations (148 to 495 nmol/mL for whole blood; 42 to 183 nmol/mL for plasma). Due to its robustness and simplicity, this method represents a valuable tool, supporting its routine use in health assessments and enabling more effective monitoring of taurine status in dogs.
An Evaluation of the Arginine Requirements of Broiler Chickens and the Potential Arginine and Energy-Saving Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid
Authors: Verhelle Adriaan , Saremi Behnam
Published: December 2024

Two 35-day trials were conducted to determine the arginine (Arg) requirement of broiler chickens and the Arg and energy-sparing effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). In experiment 1, a low-Arg diet (basal diet) was supplemented with increasing levels (0.06–0.61%) of L-Arg or GAA. In experiment 2, a diet meeting the energy and amino acid requirements of broiler chickens served as the positive control (PC). Two negative control (NC) groups were assigned by reducing either 50 (NC1) or 100 (NC2) kcal nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy. Test groups were supplemented with 0.06% GAA for NC1 and 0.12% GAA for NC2 to compensate for the lower energy in the feed. The low dietary Arg concentration (starter: 1.02%, grower: 0.88%, finisher: 0.75%) significantly reduced overall performance (p < 0.05). Supplementation of either L-Arg or GAA with a low-Arg diet both alleviated the lower performance (p < 0.05). However, more GAA was needed to provide the same level of growth attained with L-Arg at an equivalency rate of 1 GAA to 0.57 Arg. Reduction of dietary energy by 50 and 100 kcal did not significantly influence the performance of birds at all stages of growth. Moreover, no effect of GAA supplementation at 0.06% or 0.12% was observed.
Simulation of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Suitable Wintering Habitat for Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) Under Climate and Land Use Change Scenarios
Authors: Jiang Zeng , Shao Mingqin , Wang Jianying
Published: December 2024

In the context of global warming and intensified human activities, the loss and fragmentation of species habitats have been exacerbated. In order to clarify the trends in the current and future suitable wintering areas for hooded cranes (Grus monacha), the MaxEnt model was applied to predict the distribution patterns and trends of hooded cranes based on 94 occurrence records and 23 environmental variables during the wintering periods from 2015 to 2024. The results indicated the following. (1) The elevation (Elev, 43.7%), distance to major water (DW, 39.5%), minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6, 9.7%), and precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13, 2.6%) were dominant factors influencing the wintering distribution of hooded cranes. (2) Under current climate and land use scenarios, highly suitable areas for hooded cranes in China cover approximately 1.274 × 105 km2, primarily located in inland lakes such as Dongting Lake, Liangzi Lake, Poyang Lake, Shengjin Lake, and Caizi Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as in coastal wetlands such as Chongming East Beach, Shandong Peninsula, Bohai Bay, and Liaodong Peninsula. (3) Under future climate and land use scenarios, the suitable habitat areas (high and moderate suitability) for hooded cranes are projected to contract substantially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and expand slightly in the areas of Shandong Peninsula, Bohai Bay, and Liaodong Peninsula. Under the SSP126 (low emissions), SSP245 (medium emissions), and SSP585 (high emissions) scenarios, the average area reduction percentages were 29.1%, 28.8%, and 31.6%, respectively. (4) The increases in Bio6 and water areas in northern China were the main reasons for the shift of the wintering distribution centroid for hooded cranes toward northeastern China. The minor expansion of suitable habitat in the north covers mainly cultivated land, and this singular foraging habitat could intensify both intraspecific and interspecific competition among waterbirds, thus exacerbating the survival risks for hooded cranes. To more effectively protect the wintering population of hooded cranes in China, the restoration of natural habitats and population monitoring in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be strengthened. Additionally, nature reserves or protected areas should be established in the northern expansion regions.
Correction: Kirkegaard-Biosca et al. Cefiderocol for the Treatment of Infections by VIM-Type-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 874
Authors: Kirkegaard-Biosca Cristina , del Barrio-Tofiño Ester , Villamarín Miguel , Larrosa Nieves , Campany David , González-López Juan José , Ferrer Ricard , Viñado Belén , Doménech Laura , Sellarès-Nadal Julia , Escolà-Vergé Laura , Fernández-Hidalgo Nuria , Los-Arcos Ibai
Published: December 2024

Error in Table 2 [...]
Lactoferrin Modulates Radiation Response Under Hypoxic Conditions, Possibly Through the Regulation of ROS Production in a Cell Type-Specific Manner
Authors: Murakami Daitoku , Fukazawa Takahiro , Kyo Michihito , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Ono Shigehiro , Aikawa Tomonao , Hirohashi Nobuyuki , Tanimoto Keiji
Published: December 2024

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family and has been suggested to have a variety of biological functions, including anticancer activity. However, the effects of LF and its mechanisms in anticancer therapies, especially in radiotherapy against cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, are not well-determined. In this study, we focused on the molecular mechanisms of LF functions in cells under hypoxic conditions. High-dose LF treatment showed cytotoxic activity in a variety of cells, including both non-cancer and cancer cells. Interestingly, hypoxic treatment increased the sensitivity to LF in some cancer cells but decreased it in non-cancer cells. LF treatment also altered sensitivity to radiation treatment: LF significantly increased the viability of irradiated KD non-cancer cells under hypoxic conditions but decreased that of HSC2 cancer cells. These effects were only observed when LF was treated within 3 h of irradiation, but not before irradiation. Importantly, knockdown of HIF1A counteracted these effects in both cell lines. Measurements of ROS activity showed that LF decreased ROS production in KD cells but increased it in HSC2 cells, resulting in a decrease in γH2AX foci in KD cells but an increase in HSC2 cells. RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis showed that LF treatment regulated gene expression related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, and the NRF2 antioxidant signaling pathway. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the pro-apoptotic gene ASC in KD cells and the NRF2-regulated genes in HSC2 cells by LF treatment. Knockdown experiments confirmed the role of ASC in irradiated KD cells and NRF2 in irradiated HSC2 cells with LF treatment. In conclusion, lactoferrin was shown to affect radiation treatment by regulating apoptosis and NRF2 signaling in a cell type-specific manner under hypoxic conditions, suggesting its potential application as a protector or sensitizer for radiation therapy.
Narrative Review of Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species in Otitis Media
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Hong Seok Min , Choi Yong Sung , Lee Jinseok , Yeo Joon Hyung , Kim Sung Soo , Lee Jae Min , Yon Dong Keon , Yeo Seung Geun
Published: December 2024

Many studies have evaluated the roles of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various diseases. To date, however, no systematic review has specifically investigated the involvement of free radicals and ROS in acute otitis media (OM), OM with effusion, and chronic OM. The present study therefore assessed the roles of free radicals and ROS in OM. SCOPUS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to identify studies assessing the roles of free radicals and ROS in OM. Relevant studies were identified and their findings summarized. The literature search identified 21 studies. A review of their findings showed that the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were elevated in patients with acute OM; that the concentrations of H2O2, LPO, MPO, xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and nitrotyrosine were elevated in patients with OM with effusion; and that the levels of nitric oxide (NO), MPO, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated in patients with chronic OM. Although some studies reported that SOD levels were increased in patients with OM with effusion, decreases in antioxidants such as SOD and catalase, as well as total antioxidant capacity, were observed across all types of OM. Although the levels of free radicals and ROS varied by type of OM, study design, control group selection, sample type, ROS and free radical markers, and antioxidant types, most studies showed increased ROS and decreased antioxidants in OM patients. These findings suggest that levels of free radicals and ROS are strongly associated with the pathophysiology of OM.
Neuroprotective Effect of the Combination of Citicoline and CoQ10 in a Mouse Model of Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Matamoros José A. , Rubio-Casado Sara , Fernández-Albarral José A. , Martínez-López Miguel A. , Salobrar-García Elena , Marco Eva M. , Paleo-García Victor , de Hoz Rosa , López-Cuenca Inés , Elvira-Hurtado Lorena , Sánchez-Puebla Lidia , Ramírez José M. , Salazar Juan J. , López-Gallardo Meritxell , Ramírez Ana I.
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with intraocular pressure (IOP) being its primary risk factor. Despite controlling IOP, the neurodegenerative process often continues. Therefore, substances with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties could protect against RGC death. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects on RGCs and visual pathway neurons of a compound consisting of citicoline and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in a mouse model of unilateral, laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Four groups of mice were used: vehicle group (n = 6), citicoline + CoQ10 group (n = 6), laser–vehicle group (n = 6), and laser–citicoline + CoQ10 group (n = 6). The citicoline + CoQ10 was administered orally once a day starting 15 days before laser treatment, continuing until sacrifice (7 days post-laser). Retinas, the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the superior colliculus (SC), and the visual cortex (V1) were analyzed. The citicoline + CoQ10 compound used in the laser–citicoline + CoQ10 group demonstrated (1) an ocular hypotensive effect only at 24 h post-laser; (2) prevention of Brn3a+ RGC death in OHT eyes; and (3) no changes in NeuN+ neurons in the dLGN. This study demonstrates that the oral administration of the citicoline + CoQ10 combination may exert a neuroprotective effect against RGC death in an established rodent model of OHT.
Oxidative Stress and Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Hypertensive Erythrocytes
Authors: Martínez-Vieyra Ivette , Hernández-Rojo Isaac , Rosales-García Víctor Hugo , Chávez-Piña Aracely Evangelina , Cerecedo Doris
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key mechanism in the development of hypertension. Under pathological conditions, such as in hypertension, oxidative stress leads to irreversible posttranslational modifications of proteins, which result in loss of protein function and cellular damage. We have previously documented physiological and morphological changes across various blood and bone marrow cell lineages, all of which exhibit elevated oxidative stress. While cytoskeletal changes in erythrocytes have been well characterized in hereditary diseases, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate cytoskeletal reorganization in erythrocytes from hypertensive patients. To this end, we compared the expression patterns and subcellular distribution of key cytoskeletal proteins in erythrocytes from hypertensive individuals with those from normotensive subjects using Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Our results revealed the presence of three erythrocyte subpopulations with differential expression of glycophorin A. The persistent oxidative environment in hypertensive patients causes dysregulation in the expression of glycophorin A, Band 3 protein, protein 4.1, and ankyrin, as well as the reorganization of spectrin. These alterations in protein expression and distribution suggest that oxidative stress in hypertensive individuals may induce structural modifications, ultimately impairing erythrocyte membrane elasticity and function.
Hybrid Huff-n-Puff Process for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Integration of Surfactant Flooding with CO2 Oil Swelling
Authors: Ratanpara Abhishek , Donjuan Joshua , Smith Camron , Procak Marcellin , Aboubakar Ibrahima , Mandin Philippe , Al-Raoush Riyadh I. , Inguanta Rosalinda , Kim Myeongsub
Published: December 2024

With increasing energy demands and depleting oil accessibility in reservoirs, the investigation of more effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods for deep and tight reservoirs is imminent. This study investigates a novel hybrid EOR method, a synergistic approach of nonionic surfactant flooding with intermediate CO2-based oil swelling. This study is focused on the efficiency of surfactant flooding and low-pressure oil swelling in oil recovery. We conducted a fluorescence-based microscopic analysis in a microchannel to explore the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant on CO2 diffusion in Texas crude oil. Based on the change in emission intensity of oil, the results revealed that SDS enhanced CO2 diffusion at low pressure in oil, primarily due to SDS aggregation and reduced interfacial tension at the CO2 gas–oil interface. To validate the feasibility of our proposed EOR method, we adopted a ‘reservoir-on-a-chip’ approach, incorporating flooding tests in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based micromodel. We estimated the cumulative oil recovery by comparing the results of two-stage surfactant flooding with intermediate CO2 swelling at different pressures. This novel hybrid approach test consisted of a three-stage sequence: an initial flooding stage, followed by intermediate CO2 swelling, and a second flooding stage. The results revealed an increase in cumulative oil recovery by nearly 10% upon a 2% (w/v) solution of SDS and water flooding compared to just water flooding. The results showed the visual phenomenon of oil imbibition during the surfactant flooding process. This innovative approach holds immense potential for future EOR processes, characterized by its unique combination of surfactant flooding and CO2 swelling, yielding higher oil recovery.
Semi-Autogenous Mill Power Consumption Prediction Based on CACN-LSTM
Authors: Zhang Dingchao , Xiong Xin , Shao Chongyang , Zeng Yao , Ma Jun
Published: December 2024

The semi-autogenous (SAG) mill is crucial equipment in the beneficiation process, and power consumption is a key indicator of its operational status. Due to the complex and variable operating environment, the power consumption of the SAG mill has the characteristics of strong coupling of multiple factors, nonlinearity and uncertainty. In order to effectively extract the features that affect the mill power consumption prediction performance and dynamically adjust the weights of each feature, we propose a hybrid prediction model based on channel attention convolutional network (CACN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). The CACN-based network extracts high-dimensional features of input parameters and dynamically assigns weights to them to better capture the key features that characterize the power consumption of the SAG mill, and the LSTM captures long-term dependencies to enable accurate prediction of SAG mill power consumption. To validate the superiority of the proposed method, actual hourly power consumption data from a SAG mill in the beneficiation plant in Yunnan Province is utilized, and experiments are conducted comparing it with models such as GRU, ARIMA, SVM, LSTM, TCN, CNN-GRU, and CNN-LSTM. Experimental results confirm that the proposed model has better prediction performance than other models, and indicators such as R2 have increased by at least 5%.
The Blockchain Trilemma: A Formal Proof of the Inherent Trade-Offs Among Decentralization, Security, and Scalability
Authors: Mssassi Souhail , Abou El Kalam Anas
Published: December 2024

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force with the potential to disrupt traditional industries by providing decentralized, secure, and transparent systems. However, blockchain systems face a fundamental challenge known as the Blockchain Trilemma, which posits that a blockchain cannot simultaneously achieve optimal levels of decentralization, security, and scalability. This paper addresses the Blockchain Trilemma through rigorous mathematical proof, demonstrating that achieving maximum levels of all three properties concurrently leads to inherent contradictions. By formalizing the definitions of decentralization, security, and scalability, we provide a foundational framework to understand these trade-offs. Our analysis includes a proof by contradiction and computational complexity analysis. This work aims to deepen the understanding of the fundamental limitations of blockchain technology, offering insights for future innovations and helping navigate the inevitable trade-offs.
A Color Reproduction Method for Exploring the Laser-Induced Color Gamut on Stainless Steel Surfaces Based on a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Qin Xiao , Xue Zhishuang , Wang Xueqiang , Song Kun , Wan Xiaoxia
Published: December 2024

Recently, laser-induced coloring of metal surfaces has emerged as a hot topic in the field of color manufacturing. In existing research, we have not been able to find a reliable method to swiftly acquire all the color ranges achievable with current materials. This limitation hinders further research and application of laser-induced metal coloring, making it challenging to scientifically and effectively reproduce colors in images. In this study, we introduced a genetic algorithm tailored for predicting the maximization of color gamut area. By employing an elitist strategy for genetic selection and predicting the maximum color gamut among a multi-objective optimization parameter population, we successfully explored the color gamut of stainless steel. The color gamut S converged to 0.0022, offering a rapid and efficient approach for color gamut exploration. Building on this, we devised a comprehensive image color reproduction process and developed an image color gamut mapping toolkit and an image vectorization toolkit. These tools are designed for color separation, color gamut mapping, and vectorization of target images, enabling successful color reproduction through laser-induced coloring. Additionally, we conducted a color difference analysis experiment using 2 mm 304 stainless steel, demonstrating that material thickness can mitigate color cast issues in laser-induced coloring. The color difference (ΔE) values in the color reproduction experiment were 2.18, 2.97, and 2.72, respectively, indicating the reliability of image color reproduction on stainless steel surfaces. This research addresses the challenge of color gamut exploration in laser-induced coloring, presenting a novel solution for color reproduction via laser-induced coloring on metal surfaces, and holds promising applications.
Hybrid Frequency–Spatial Domain Learning for Image Restoration in Under-Display Camera Systems Using Augmented Virtual Big Data Generated by the Angular Spectrum Method
Authors: Kim Kibaek , Kim Yoon , Kim Young-Joo
Published: December 2024

In the rapidly advancing realm of mobile technology, under-display camera (UDC) systems have emerged as a promising solution for achieving seamless full-screen displays. Despite their innovative potential, UDC systems face significant challenges, including low light transmittance and pronounced diffraction effects that degrade image quality. This study aims to address these issues by examining degradation phenomena through optical simulation and employing a deep neural network model incorporating hybrid frequency–spatial domain learning. To effectively train the model, we generated a substantial synthetic dataset that virtually simulates the unique image degradation characteristics of UDC systems, utilizing the angular spectrum method for optical simulation. This approach enabled the creation of a diverse and comprehensive dataset of virtual degraded images by accurately replicating the degradation process from pristine images. The augmented virtual data were combined with actual degraded images as training data, compensating for the limitations of real data availability. Through our proposed methods, we achieved a marked improvement in image quality, with the average structural similarity index measure (SSIM) value increasing from 0.8047 to 0.9608 and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improving from 26.383 dB to 36.046 dB on an experimentally degraded image dataset. These results highlight the potential of our integrated optics and AI-based methodology in addressing image restoration challenges within UDC systems and advancing the quality of display technology in smartphones.
Influence of Drilling Along Pilot Holes on Drilling Performance and Effective Rock Strength
Authors: Alwaar Abourawi , Futhiez Ibrahim , Abugharara Abdelsalam , Zhang Yahui , Butt Stephen
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the intricate relationship between bit rock interactions and drilling parameters for multiple-diameter hole drilling scenarios. Two sets of experiments were conducted in the Drilling Technology Laboratory at Memorial University of Newfoundland (DTL-MUN) using a fully instrumented Large-scale laboratory Drilling Simulator (LDS). The study contained two critical stages. Pre-coring operations using various diameter coring bits were completed to ensure thorough analysis. Next, drilling using a 5-cutter Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit with a larger diameter than all pre-cored holes, at constant Weight on Bit (WOB) and Revolution per Minute (RPM), was performed. The type of rock used in the experiments is a high-strength gabbro formation. Results indicate that pre-cored holes exhibited higher Rates of Penetration (ROP) than un-pre-cored holes, reflecting improved drilling performance and higher torque due to reduced bit–rock interaction area. A distinct relationship was observed between bit–rock interactions, torque, ROP, Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE), and applied WOB in multi-diameter drilling. ROP decreased as the pilot hole diameter decreased due to increased bit–rock interaction. The recorded data of WOB and the torque responses showed a decrease in amplitude as the bit–rock interface area increased, suggesting a positive interaction between drilling efficiency and downhole conditions. The modified Maurer model found a correlation between increased pilot hole diameter and decreased effective rock strength. These results highlight the significance of conducting a thorough drilling parameter analysis and the need for additional study to clarify the underlying mechanisms influencing drilling performance in multi-diameter hole drilling scenarios.
High Performance GaSb-Based DBR Laser with On-Chip Integrated Power Amplifier via Gain-Match Design
Authors: Cao Juntian , Yang Chengao , Chen Yihang , Yu Hongguang , Shi Jianmei , Wen Haoran , Geng Zhengqi , Wang Zhiyuan , Tan Hao , Zhang Yu , Wu Donghai , Xu Yingqiang , Ni Haiqiao , Niu Zhichuan
Published: December 2024

We reported on a single-longitudinal-mode operated distributed Bragg reflector laser diode emitting at 1950 nm with an on-chip integrated power amplifier. Second-order Chromium–Bragg gratings are carefully designed and fabricated at the end of the ridge waveguide. Achieving a stable single-mode operation with a large injecting current range of 800 mA from 15 °C to 40 °C. The maximum side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is up to 42 dB. To increase the output power, an on-chip integrated master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) is also introduced. MOPA-DBR lasers with different matching configurations between the gain peak and Bragg wavelength are fabricated, resulting in various amplification consequences. The best device is realized with 40 nm red-shifted between Bragg wavelength and photoluminescence (PL) peak. A power amplification of 5.6 times is achieved with the maximum output power of 45 mW. Thus, we put up the feasibility and key design parameters of on-chip integrated power amplification DBR lasers towards mid-infrared.
Series Solution Method Used to Solve Linear Caputo Fractional Initial Value Problems with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Vatsala Aghalaya S , Pageni Govinda
Published: December 2024

Computing the solution of the linear Caputo fractional differential equation with variable coefficients cannot be obtained in closed form as in the integer-order case. However, to use ‘q’, the order of the fractional derivative, as a parameter for our mathematical model, we need to compute the solution of the equation explicitly and/or numerically. The traditional methods, such as the integrating factor or variation of parameters methods used in the integer-order case, cannot be directly applied because the product rule of the integer derivative does not hold for the Caputo fractional derivative. In this work, we present a series solution method to compute the solution of the linear Caputo fractional differential equation with variable coefficients. This provides an opportunity to compare its solution with the corresponding integer solution, namely q=1. Additionally, we develop a series solution method using analytic functions in the space of Cq continuous functions. We also apply this series solution method to nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equations where the nonlinearity is in the form f(t,u)=u2. We have provided numerical examples to show the application of our series solution method.
Microbiota-Induced Radioprotection: A Novel Approach to Enhance Human Radioresistance with In-Situ Genetically Engineered Gut Bacteria
Authors: Yakimova Anna O. , Nikolaeva Anastasiia , Galanova Olesya , Shestakova Victoria A. , Smirnova Ekaterina I. , Levushkina Alina , Baranovskii Denis S. , Smirnova Anna N. , Stepanenko Vasiliy N. , Kudlay Dmitry A. , Shegay Peter V. , Kaprin Andrey D. , Sosin Dmitry V. , Klabukov Ilya D.
Published: December 2024

The high sensitivity of living organic forms to space radiation remains the critical issue during spaceflight, to which they will be chronically exposed during months of interplanetary or even decades of interstellar spaceflight. In the human body, all actively dividing and poorly differentiated cells are always close to being damaged by radiological or chemical agents. The chronic exposure to ionizing radiation primarily causes changes in blood counts and intestinal damage such as fibrosis, obliterative vasculitis, changes in the gut microbiota, and atrophy or degeneration of muscle fibers. The project “MISS: Microbiome Induced Space Suit” was presented at the Giant Jamboree of the International Genetically Engineered Machine Competition 2021, with the aim to investigate the ability of the novel microbiota-mediated approach to enhance human resistance to ionizing radiation. The key innovative part of the project was the idea to create a novel radioprotector delivery mechanism based on human gut microbiota with the function of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secretion. The project concept proposed the feasibility of genetically modifying the human microbiota in situ through the delivery of genetic constructs to the host’s crypts using silicon nanoparticles with chemically modified surfaces. In this perspective, we discuss the advances in modifying microbiota-mediated secretory activity as a promising approach for radioprotection and as an alternative to hormone therapy and other health conditions that currently require continuous drug administration. Future clinical trials of in situ methods to genetic engineering the crypt microbiota may pave the way for indirect regulation of human cells.