bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIOLÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA: FATORES DETERMINANTES E SEUS IMPACTOS DURADOUROS NA SAÚDE MENTAL DAS MULHERES
Authors: Santos Cintia Maciel Pereira dos , Costa Euterpina Ferreira , Luz Mayra Cristina Sousa , Melo Rafael dos Santos , Santos Lorena Alves , Oliveira Adriano dos Santos
Published: November 2024

Violência é qualquer ação ou omissão baseada no gênero que lhe cause morte, lesão, sofrimento físico, social e psicológico. De acordo com o DATASUS, nos períodos de 2011 a 2021 foram registradas mais de 655 mil agressões psicológicas no Brasil, considerou-se necessário um estudo sobre esse acontecimento que perante a sociedade continua sendo um ato invisível e não reconhecida. Esse estudo abordará os fatores determinantes da violência psicológica, e as consequências contínuas na saúde psíquica das mulheres. O objetivo geral do trabalho é compreender como a violência afeta o bem-estar psicológico e a saúde mental das mulheres vítimas de violência. O sistema metodológico utilizado foi revisão bibliográfica em bibliotecas virtuais como: SciELO e LILACS. A violência contra as mulheres é um tema de extrema relevância e urgência, e o reconhecimento dela como uma violação dos direitos humanos na Conferência das Nações Unidas de 1993 foi um passo crucial para a luta pela igualdade de gênero. A discussão sobre a violência contra as mulheres deve ser contínua e envolver todos os setores da sociedade desde escolas até empresas e instituições governamentais. Conclui-se que seja necessário promover campanhas educativas que desestigmatizem as vítimas e incentivem a denunciar os agressores.
ANÁLISE DE PERFORMANCE E IMPACTOS NA EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA EM CIRCUITO DE REFRIGERAÇÃO
Authors: Goveia Willian da Costa , Cardoso Douglas Espedito da Silva , Moscoso Edy Pollo Santos Hassegawa
Published: November 2024

Este artigo aborda a análise no desempenho do sistema de refrigeração do ponto de vista da eficiência energética, buscando determinar a melhor forma de atingir o consumo mínimo de energia e aumentar a capacidade de resfriamento. O sistema de refrigeração opera retirando calor de um fluido refrigerante por um processo químico.A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, conduzindo estudos de caso em duas empresas, uma localizada em Rondônia e a outra em São Paulo, Brasil, das quais foram coletados dados específicos sobre consumo de energia e eficiência. Também houve uma revisão de publicações acadêmicas e profissionais nesta área.Os resultados indicaram que o controle na capacidade dos compressores pode reduzir o consumo de energia e torná-lo positivo. Um exemplo de aplicação é o uso relacionado a unidades condensadoras mais avançadas, o que certamente trará uma melhoria significativa no COP, aumentando assim a eficiência do sistema e reduzindo o consumo de energia. A pesquisa também expressou que tais valores por tecnologias como inversores de frequência e soft starters precisam ser introduzidos para controlar a partida e o desligamento do compressor, reduzindo picos de consumo e aumentando a vida útil do equipamento. Em conclusão, a pesquisa sugere a substituição de sistemas convencionais por unidades mais eficientes, resultando em até 13% de economia de energia. Além disso, destaca a importância de manutenções preventivas e o uso de tecnologias para melhorar a eficiência e reduzir custos operacionais.
Изследване на влияещите фактори върху процесите на радикализация в България
Authors: Marinov Petar
Published: November 2024

At the root of every process of radicalization, at the personal and group level, is a sense of injustice. In this regard, it is necessary to study the factors that encourage the transition from one state to the next level and those that have a deterrent role. The main part of a conducted field study is presented, which aims to establish the influencing factors and the existence of conditions for the emergence of processes of radicalization and subsequent terrorist activity on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.
Правната сигурност като Conditio sine qua non
Authors: Mladenov Mladen
Published: November 2024

The legal certainty is a condition without any modern states and modern societies cannot exist. The legal certainty is an inherent property of the legal system, which is part of the national security system. The dynamism of the national security system finds its footing in the slower changing legal system. The professionalism, responsibility and dedication of lawyers, sociologists, political scientists and security experts are of particular importance here.
За финансирането на тероризма като секюритизиран проблем
Authors: Yordanova Gergana
Published: November 2024

Terrorism financing is officially recognized as a hard-criminal offence of high-level public danger. At the same time, following the theory of security, it represents an important securitized problem with a philosophical concept not fully clarified, and its de-securitization is still a mirage. The present article summarizes the author's views on terrorist financing as a securitized problem and gives some possibilities for its practical de-securitization.
Agro - Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Steps to Tackle them for Small Scale Agro – Entrepreneurs
Authors:   University of Kerala, Krishnan A J Ajaya
Published: November 2024

Agro-entrepreneurship presents a dynamic path for rural development, economic growth, and sustainable agriculture because it sits at the intersection of agricultural methods and entrepreneurial spirit. The complex fabric of agro-entrepreneurship is explored in this study, with a particular emphasis on the difficulties encountered by small-scale agro-entrepreneurs in Kerala. As this project develops, its goals are to identify the difficulties small-scale agro-entrepreneurs in Kerala encounter, as well as to provide practical solutions and mitigating measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the obstacles experienced by small-scale agricultural entrepreneurs and to evaluate potential solutions for these problems. The perishable nature of the products is the primary important problem since improper storage of agricultural production can lead to large financial losses. One of the great rivalries these smallbusiness owners faced came from interstate sellers of agricultural supplies. Their large-scale, low-cost production processes in surrounding states enable them to sell their products at discounted prices. Government departments must constantly keep an eye on the shipment of goods that include chemical fertilizers. Governments at all levels should loosen the restrictions for the establishment of new agro companies in order to avoid delays in the development of new units. Another strategy to prevent harmful competition is to enforce laws and regulations from the government.
Estrés en el personal docente de educación básica como factor determinante de desempeño laboral
Authors: Avila Soliz Luis Gaspar , Santiago  , Richarte
Published: November 2024

El estrés en el personal docente de educación básica representa un aspecto crucial que incide significativamente en su desempeño laboral y, por ende, en la calidad de la educación impartida. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar en profundidad las causas, manifestaciones y consecuencias del estrés en los educadores de nivel básico, así como identificar estrategias efectivas para su prevención y manejo. Se reconoce que el estrés puede derivarse de múltiples factores, incluyendo la sobrecarga de trabajo, la falta de recursos, las demandas emocionales y la presión por resultados académicos. Por tanto, es imperativo comprender cómo este fenómeno afecta la salud física y mental de los docentes, así como su motivación, satisfacción laboral y compromiso con la enseñanza. Al abordar el estrés docente de manera integral, se busca contribuir a la creación de entornos laborales más saludables y estimulantes, donde los educadores puedan desarrollar todo su potencial y brindar una educación de excelencia a sus estudiantes
Guía de estudio de la asignatura taller de ajuste mecánico
Authors: Daniel Alejandro Rodríguez Bonilla
Published: November 2024

La "Guía de estudio de la asignatura Taller de Ajuste Mecánico" se ha concebido como un recurso integral para estudiantes, docentes y profesionales interesados en adquirir y fortalecer conocimientos en el ámbito de la mecánica automotriz, este libro ofrece una estructura detallada que combina teoría y práctica, orientada a proporcionar a los lectores una comprensión profunda de los materiales, la metrología, los procesos de fabricación y soldadura, esenciales en el ajuste y reparación de componentes mecánicos.
La guía se enfoca en aspectos fundamentales como la selección de materiales, la precisión en las mediciones y los métodos de fabricación necesarios para cumplir con los altos estándares de calidad y seguridad requeridos en la industria automotriz, los contenidos se organizan en unidades que abordan desde la clasificación de materiales hasta las técnicas avanzadas de soldadura, proporcionando actividades prácticas y preguntas guía que refuerzan el aprendizaje y promueven el desarrollo de habilidades aplicables en entornos reales.
A través de un enfoque pedagógico basado en el aprendizaje activo y la participación, esta guía busca facilitar la comprensión y aplicación de conceptos técnicos en situaciones prácticas, los estudiantes encontrarán en este recurso una herramienta indispensable para el estudio y la práctica en talleres, laboratorios y futuros proyectos de ajuste mecánico.
Confiamos en que este libro no solo fortalecerá las competencias técnicas de sus lectores, sino que también contribuirá al crecimiento de profesionales capaces de enfrentar los desafíos actuales en la mecánica automotriz, promoviendo un aprendizaje continuo y la excelencia en el trabajo.
Yozgat ili topoğrafik ıslaklık indeksinin (TWI) Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile belirlenmesi
Authors: Karaca Ömer Faruk
Published: November 2024

Topoğrafik ıslaklık indeksi (TWI), topoğrafik anlamda suya doygun alanların mekânsal dağılımlarının ve boyutlarının ifade edilmesi amacıyla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Yüksek TWI, belirli bir alanda daha fazla nemin olduğunu ve su hareketinin aşağı doğru eğilimini, dolayısıyla taşkın olaylarına daha yatkın olduğunu gösterir. Bu çalışmada amaç, son zamanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile bölge TWI haritasının oluşturulmasıdır. Bu amaçla SRTM DEM adresinden elde edilen 30 m çözünürlüğe sahip sayısal yükseklik modeli ile suya doygun olan veya sulu alanlarının mekânsal dağılımları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuçta, topoğrafyanın zemin nemliliği üzerindeki ve eğimin hidrolojik süreçler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma alanı eğim değerleri 0-70º, yükselti ise 580 - 2360 m arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Eğim açısından bakıldığında, en fazla eğim yüzdesi (%50.74) 0º-5º değere sahip yerlerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak eğim derecesi arttıkça kapladığı alan yüzdesinde de azalış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bakı değerlerinde ise Güneydoğu, güney ve güneybatı yönleri toplam arazinin yaklaşık %41.38; kuzey, kuzeydoğu ve kuzeybatı yönleri %29.77’lik kısmını kapsamaktadır. Akış birikimine göre, en yüksek değer ve alanın güney (%16.66) yönünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. En az yer kaplayan yön ise %8.99 ile kuzeydoğu yönü olmuştur. Değerlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu %10-16 arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. TWI haritasına göre kurun alanlarda toplamda en yüksek değere 1084.31 km2 ile Merkez ilçede, en düşük değere 58,84 km2 ile Yenifakılı ilçesinde rastlanmıştır. Islak alanın toplamda en fazla 1128.65 km2 ile Boğazlıyan ilçesinde, en düşük ise 144.29 km2 ile Çandır ilçesinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Outcomes of Primary PCI
Authors: Khan Muhammad Idrees , Ullah Hameed , Khan Naveed Ahmad , Spogmai  , Ahmad Sohail , Orakzai Muhammad Hafeez
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on outcomes, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and mortality, in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.

Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2022, to April 2023. A total of 250 patients were enrolled, divided into two groups: 125 patients with CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m²) and 125 without CKD (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m²). Data on demographics, procedural success, MACE, mortality, and follow-up at one and three months were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests to compare the outcomes between the two groups, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: The CKD group had a significantly higher incidence of MACE (56 vs. 33 events, p = 0.003) and mortality (47 vs. 26 deaths, p = 0.01) compared to the Non-CKD group. Procedural success rates were similar between the groups (44.8% for CKD vs. 55.2% for Non-CKD, p = 0.16). These findings confirm CKD as a critical predictor of poor outcomes in PCI patients.

Conclusion: CKD significantly increases the risks of MACE and mortality in PCI patients, despite similar procedural success rates. These results highlight the need for targeted management and follow-up strategies for CKD patients undergoing PCI in Pakistan
Gender Differences in Outcomes After Primary PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Parvez Muzdalfa , Khan Muhammad Idrees , Khan Naveed Ahmad , Spogmai  , Hafeez Muhammad , Khattak Imran Qadar
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate gender differences in clinical outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), highlighting insights within a Pakistani healthcare context.

Methodology: Conducted over ten months at the Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, this prospective observational study enrolled 300 AMI patients (150 males, 150 females) treated with primary PCI. Key parameters analyzed included AMI type, demographic characteristics, post-procedure complications, and mortality rates. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests to examine the association between gender and outcome disparities.

Results: The findings revealed that men predominantly presented with STEMI, accounting for higher complication rates and adverse outcomes compared to women. Male patients demonstrated a 22% incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), while female patients showed a 14% MACE rate, predominantly among NSTEMI cases. The age distribution for both genders was centered in the 50-70 age range, with no statistically significant association between gender and overall outcomes (p = 0.582). These results align with international trends yet emphasize the need for gender-sensitive approaches in PCI care within Pakistan.

Conclusion: The study underscores notable gender disparities in AMI presentation and outcomes following PCI. Men face higher risks, particularly with STEMI, suggesting a critical need for gender-specific protocols in AMI management. These findings support further multi-center research to enhance gender-responsive healthcare strategies in Pakistan.
Prevalence and Factors associated with Caesarean Section in Gynecology Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad
Authors: Shaheen Ambrina , Rasheed Sana , Sayyad Hajra , Bibi Saima , Khan Salma , Zarqaish Samina , Batool Fatima
Published: November 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a crucial surgical procedure in modern obstetrics, typically performed due to factors like dystocia, prior CS, fetal distress, and multiple gestations. While CS can be life-saving, it carries risks such as post-delivery complications, financial burdens, and potential psychological impacts on mothers. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and factors influencing CS among women at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Gynecology C unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 21st July, 2024 to 08th Sept, 2024 after taking approval from ethical committee. 316 patients who underwent delivery by various methods were included in this study. Basic demographics and type of procedure were noted after taking consent from the patient. SPSS version 23.0 was used Results: The overall prevalence of caesarean section was around 51.58% in our study. Age of mother more than 35 years (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.605-2.966), post term (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 0.596.726), high parity (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.116-3.962), large baby size (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 0.38-31.48) and secondary education (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.567-2.785) were found to increase odds of caesarean section, whereas female sex (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.587-1.429) , small baby size (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.473-1.282), preterm labor (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.524-1.295) and age group 25-34 (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.554-1.455) were found to decrease the risk of caesarean section. Conclusion: Prevalence of caesarean section was found to be increasing in local population. The results highlight the impact of clinical and cultural factors on delivery choices, stressing the need for tailored maternal healthcare planning.
Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Techniques versus Open Surgery for Recurrent Inguinal Hernias: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Haq Ikram Ul , Ali Babar , Abu Bakkar Muhammad , Bangash Rohail Khan , Luqman Muhammad , Ahmad Nigar , Hassan Zohaib , Saeed Nadia , Nazir Sumaira
Published: November 2024

Background: Recurrent inguinal hernias present difficult tasks in surgical approaches to address the issue and enhance patient prognosis. Laparoscopic and other forms of obsolete, less invasive surgery are increasingly being preferred to traditional open surgery. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to synthesize the effectiveness of minimal approach strategies compared with the open approach for recurrent inguinal hernia repair. Methods: The present study adhered to the PRISMA flowchart and databases search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus. A total of 29 articles were used from the literature published between 2000 and 2024, which compared minimally invasive techniques and open surgery. Meaningfully, assessment parameters drawn from the study were recurrence rates, post-surgery pain, lengths of hospital stay, complications, and, satisfaction. Structural analysis was performed and combined ordinal data were analyzed for comparison of relative effectiveness. Results: It can be seen that, over the different parameters, minimally invasive approaches provided better results. Repeat rate was smaller (6.06% versus 11.14%), early postoperative pain (3.1 versus 5.4 days); shorter hospital stay (2.5 versus 4.8 days). In the following analysis we observed that the complication rate was significantly less in the minimally invasive group (4.2% vs 8.9%) and patient satisfaction index was slightly higher (89.4 vs 76.3). Further, cross-sectional analysis demonstrated cost effectiveness of laparoscopic techniques and precision in complicated cases offered by robotic operations. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that minimally invasive approaches are superior to open surgery in treating recurrent inguinal hernias in terms of postoperative recurrence, recovery, and patient satisfaction. Patient and surgery based tailored treatment planning should be vital for promoting best treatment results.
Human Resource Management System (HRMS): Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy in Workforce Management
Authors: Khan Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS) have become indispensable for modern organizations aiming to streamline workforce operations and optimize resource allocation. By integrating employee data into a centralized platform, HRMS enhances transparency, ensures compliance, and supports evidence-based decision-making. In the context of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) government, the implementation of HRMS has revolutionized the management of public sector employees, particularly within the healthcare domain. This initiative addresses challenges such as data discrepancies, resource inefficiencies, and policy compliance gaps, ensuring a more efficient and accountable workforce. My tenure as a Monitoring & Validation Officer at Palladium Group, Islamabad, between June 2024 and December 2024, provided first-hand insights into the transformative potential of HRMS in improving workforce management practices
Voices on newborn screening: the opinion of people living with a rare disease
Authors:   EURORDIS - Rare Diseases Europe, Dubief Jessie , Sky Gross Edith , Faye Fatoumata
Published: November 2024

This report presents the European results of the survey ‘Voices on newborn screening: the opinion of people living with a rare disease’, conducted by Rare Barometer within the framework of the European Screen4Care research project. This study gathered the views of more than 6,179 people living with a rare disease and family members worldwide, 5,569 of whom were living in Europe with more than 1,300 distinct rare diseases, hence representing the diversity of the rare disease community.

Respondents’ answers confirm the strong support for newborn screening from the rare disease community. They also show that people living with a rare disease and their family members mostly see newborn screening as a way to alleviate the burden of the diagnosis odyssey and to enable parents to make informed choices for their child living with severe and early onset conditions, regardless of their access to a treatment or intervention.
Kajian Etika Profesi Tentang Mutasi Pendeta di Jemaat GMIBM Bethesda Bangunan Wuwuk Wilayah Modayag
Authors: Lengkong Syalomita Herlin , Sumakul Henny W. B.
Published: November 2024

Membahas tentang profesi Pendeta sudah banyak dilakukan oleh peneliti ataupun para teolog.  Namun membahas tentang etika pendeta dalam rangka penempatan dan mutasinya dalam sebuah sinode masih jarang dijumpai. Artikel ini bertujuan  membahas tentang Mutasi Pendeta dalam hubungannya dengan profesi dan panggilan kependetaannya yang mendapat tugas dari Sinode gereja di GMIBM Bethesda Bangunan Wuwuk. Persoalannya adalah apakah  pendeta yang telah ditetapkan  juga menaati suatu aturan yang berlaku sebab akan berdampak dalam pelayanan di jemaat. Sehingga dalam masalah ini memiliki dampak yang luar biasa dalam pelayanan dan pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menunjang penelitian yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang panggilan kependetaan yang terikat juga dengan aturan dan ketetapan gereja termasuk mutasi pendeta. Tesis saya adalah Pendeta juga terikat dalam suatu peraturan dalam organisasi gereja dalam hal ini sinode dimana segala ketentuan dan aturan yang berlaku haruslah dipatuhi.
Dampak Penerapan Multimedia di Era Postmodern Terhadap Ibadah di Jemaat GMIM Efrata Tandengan Wilayah Langowan Empat
Authors: Talumewo Gabriela Cindy , Tulangouw Maria Elisa
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akan Dampak Penerapan  Multimedia di Era Postmodern terhadap Ibadah di jemaat GMIM Efrata Tandengan, Wilayah Langowan Empat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kualitatif. Karena keraguan dalam diri jemaat masih terlalu kuat dengan Teknologi maka diperlukan sosialisasi yang baik bagi kelangsungan penerapan Teknologi Multimedia. Hasil Temuan dalam Jemaat GMIM Efrata Tandengan bahwa Multimedia sangat berkontribusi yang baik. Selain dimudahkan, Gereja juga dapat berpartisipasi aktif dalam perkembangan zaman yang semakin modern. Multimedia mampu meningkatkan keterlibatan jemaat dalam beribadah karena multimedia dinilai sangat efektif oleh jemaat. Keefektifan itu dinilai baik oleh Jemaat karena Multimedia dipandang menunjang Ibadah bukan untuk menghilangkan unsur Ibadah yang sesungguhnya.
Les réactions publiques vis-à-vis des enfants d’Aum Shinrikyō : « Enfants de secte », mais pas victimes1
Authors: Lyons Adam J.
Published: November 2024

Cet article offre une analyse du traitement que la société japonaise a réservé aux enfants de la religion Aum Shinrikyō après que des membres appartenant à ce groupe ont perpétré un attentat terroriste dans le métro de Tokyo en 1995. L’engagement citoyen et les démarches administratives touchant les enfants d’Aum y sont étudiés par le biais d’une analyse de contenu médiatique, d’entretiens et d’une revue de la littérature. Ces données sont interprétées à l’aide du modèle sociologique de la controverse sur les sectes (cult controversy). L’analyse montre que le public, les activistes civils et les fonctionnaires locaux n’ont pas considéré les enfants d’Aum comme des victimes du groupe religieux, mais qu’ils les ont plutôt traités comme s’ils étaient (1) invisibles, ou (2) des parias sujets à l’ostracisme. En revanche, le gouvernement central a reconnu ces enfants comme étant (3) porteurs de droits tels que celui à l’éducation. Les enfants d’Aum se sont retrouvés au centre de conflits sociaux entre l’opinion négative du public à l’égard d’Aum et les principes juridiques, ce qui a engendré des obstacles durables pour leur réintégration sociale.
La métaphore agricole : une clé herméneutique pour comprendre la relation homme-femme en Ben Sira 26,19-21
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2024

Dans cet article, qui porte sur la version grecque de Sir 26,19-21, l’auteur cherche à répondre aux questions suivantes. Qui se cache derrière le mot allotriois au v. 19? S’agit-il de femmes adultères, de prostituées ou d’étrangères ? Comment faut-il comprendre la métaphore du v. 20 ? Du fait que cette métaphore est unique dans la Septante, doit-on y voir la trace d’une influence grecque ? Quel type de relation entre l’homme et la femme cette métaphore suppose-t-elle ? En somme, cet article vise à montrer que la métaphore agricole est une clé herméneutique qui permet de comprendre la relation homme-femme en Ben Sira 26,19-21.
Poetic Fabulations
Authors: Girvan Anita , Seshia Maya , Nath Nisha , Bhandar Davina
Published: November 2024

This collective work (four authors) demonstrates how persistent structures in higher education are mobilized in the signing of the Scarborough Charter on Anti-Black Racism and Black Inclusion in Canadian Higher Education: Principles, Actions, and Accountabilities. We read this event against the grain, as an act requiring relation-building and accountability. Recognizing the promises and risks of this work, and inspired by Black Feminist/coalitional practices which disorient from pre-mapped routes and knowledges in universities and reorient to otherwise ways of being, we name this process “poetic fabulation.” We begin with poetry and proceed with seven stanzas that orient thematic reflections in each prose section that follows. The multi-vocality of the piece gives evidence to the experiences of the authors in this work. The interregnum which follows stanza 4, functions at the simultaneous and unruly registers of poetry, analysis, affect, and the somatic, to interrupt the flow, signalling how we experience labouring within the academy. Our work is collaborative, but also entails being hailed and responding in different ways. Using a full spectrum of creative and analytic skills, we navigate towards shared goals to process what we witness in and across post-secondary institution(s), to hold and care for the impacts of discretionary power.
Moving Beyond Diversity
Authors: Taylor Christopher Stuart , Gomashie Grace A.
Published: November 2024

This paper argues that concrete actions are needed to address anti-Black racism and foster Black inclusion in Canadian higher education. These pertinent actions should target the systemic barriers faced by Black students when accessing post-secondary institutions. Through our reflections on current admissions practices of research-intensive Ontario-based universities, this paper highlights how currently used frameworks of diversity and inclusion may not be effective in disrupting the myth of meritocracy and mitigating systemic barriers faced by Black undergraduate applicants. We recommend that undergraduate admissions practices be grounded in a critical understanding of the four principles of the Scarborough Charter (Black flourishing, inclusive excellence, mutuality, and accountability) to support Black admissions, and that critical race theory and Black feminist thought be used as frameworks to create specific admissions practices and programs that disrupt anti-Black racism. The paper will generate further discussions on what it means to foster Black inclusion through university admissions and enrolment in a transformative manner.
Impact of Fingolimod Discontinuation Strategy on Recurrence of Disease Activity in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Shalaby Nevin M. , Rushdi Rufaidah , Alroughany Raed , Ahmed Samar , Merghany Nahla , Shehata Hatem , Al-Hashel Jasem , Nada Mona , Gad Adel , Hassan Amr , Kishk Nirmeen , Hamdy Sherif , Abdelnaseer Maged , Hegazy Mohamed , Ahmed Sandra , Abdel-Aal Abdel-Rahman , El Shebawy Haidy
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

For individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment interruption can result in relapse/recurrence of the disease activity. Currently, there are no consensus guidelines about whether an abrupt stop with a short washout period or gradual tapering is better for fingolimod (Gilenya) cessation. We investigated the impact of the fingolimod discontinuation strategy on the recurrence of disease activity and the rebound occurrence of symptoms during washout.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter study of individuals with MS in Egypt and Kuwait. The charts of patients on fingolimod therapy were screened to collect data on the impact of drug cessation strategies on disease activity and relapse occurrence. Disease relapse after cessation was defined as a relapse that occurred in the previous 12 months despite using a first-line treatment option or 2 relapses in the previous 12 months.

RESULTS:

In a cohort of 100 patients, 58 had an abrupt cessation and 42 had a gradual tapering. Compared with abrupt cessation, gradual tapering was associated with a significantly lower rate of disease relapse (4.8% vs 81%, respectively; P = .001). Abrupt cessation also resulted in increased MRI findings of new lesions (24.1%; P = .29), enhancing lesions (32.8%; P = .5), and enlarging lesions (6.9%; P = .59); however, none of the MRI findings were significant. Other risk factors showed no significant association with disease relapse after fingolimod cessation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Gradual fingolimod tapering is highly recommended to decrease the risk of rebound and severe disease reactivation. A prolonged washout should be avoided for lymphocyte recovery.
The ideas of traditional Yakuts about animals reflected in folklore texts about clothing
Authors: Fedorova Aitalina Rodionovna
Published: November 2024

This article presents the raw materials of Yakut clothing and its symbolic meaning based on the materials of Yakut traditional folklore (Olonkho texts, proverbs and sayings). In all cultures, archaic ideas about clothing are associated with sacred ideas about the surrounding world, space, apothecary, social, aesthetic meanings are put into the costume, and animals play an important role in this phenomenon, acting here not only as material resources, but also carrying mental content, endowing a garment with special meanings, and a person special qualities. The costume is in direct contact with the human biological body, which is perceived in all cultures not just as a biological object, but as something related to the human personality. The main text of the article is divided into two semantic parts: folklore data revealing the social significance and material value of animal skins, and ideas about the apotropaic, magical functions of animals transmitted to humans through clothing. Previous studies of the traditional Yakut costume have been devoted to issues of visual appearance, sacred functions, and costume transformation. In this article, an attempt will be made to consider the ideas of the Yakuts about animals reflected in the materials of traditional clothing, which is the novelty of the study. The considered ethnographic data, texts of epic folklore and Yakut proverbs and sayings showed that animal motifs in clothing definitely carry sacred functions: animal morphological motifs are used in Yakut traditional clothing not only for aesthetic, but also for apotropaic purposes. Proverbs and sayings, along with descriptions of the clothes of mythical characters of Olonkho, show that the ranking of valuable / not valuable, sacred /ordinary is reflected in everyday vocabulary and folklore. These data allow us to evaluate not only the attitude towards fur as a material, but through them we can trace the spiritual attitude towards animals expressed through the costume.
Quantum phase transitions and superradiation phase collapse of cold atoms in a two-mode photomechanical cavity
Authors: Zhao Xiu-Qin , Zhang Wen-Hui ,   Department of Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   Institute of Computational and Applied Physics, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China,   Shanxi Key Laboratory for Intelligent Optimization Computing and Blockchain Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the quantum phase transition of cold atoms in a two-mode photomechanical cavity with nonlinear coupling between the optical field (mode 1) and the mechanical oscillator is studied on the basis of the two-mode Dicke model. The functional of the ground state energy of the system is obtained by spin coherent states and variational method. By solving and judging the stability, the phase transformation point and ground state phase diagram are obtained. It is found that there are bistable state of normal phase and reverse normal phase, coexistent state of superradiation phase and reversed normal phase, and reversed normal phase that exists alone. The different interaction strengths between atoms and two-mode light fields greatly affect the value of the phase transition point. There is a quantum phase transition from a normal phase through a phase transition point to a superradiant phase. The light-phonon nonlinear coupling has no effect on the phase transition point, but induces the collapse of the superradiant phase. There is a turning point through which the quantum phase transition from the superradiant phase to the reversed normal phase can be realized. The region of the superradiation phase decreases with the increase of the photon-phonon coupling, and it shrinks to zero at the critical value of the coupling, that is, the turning point and the phase transition point coincide, and there may be a reversal of the atomic population between the two normal phases. The nonlinear coupling of the light-phonon also produces an unstable non-zero photon state, which corresponds to the superradiation state. In the absence of mechanical oscillators, the results of the two-mode Dicke model are returned.
Source monitoring quantum key distribution protocol based on heralded single photon source
Authors: Luo Yi-Zhen , Ma Luo-Jia , Sun Ming-Shuo , Wu Si-Rui , Qiu Li-Hua , Wang He , Wang Qin ,   Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China,   Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Published: November 2024

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, and therefore has unconditional security in theory. In existing quantum key distribution systems, weakly coherent sources (WCSs) are often used as light sources due to a high probability of vacuum pulses in these sources, resulting in limited transmission distances. Besides, there inevitably exist equipment defects in actual QKD systems, such as certain defects in phase modulators and intensity modulators, which lead to distinguishability of quantum states in higher dimensions and result in side-channel vulnerabilities. An eavesdropper can carry out corresponding attacks, thereby threatening the actual security of QKD systems. To overcome the above limitations, we propose an improved protocol on quantum key distribution based on monitoring heralded single-photon sources. Due to the simultaneity of parametric down-conversion photon pairs, we can accurately predict the arrival of one photon by measuring the arrival time of another photon. Through this way, we can greatly reduce the probability of vacuum states in the signal light, and increase the longest transmission distance of the QKD system. Moreover, a light source monitoring module is inserted into the sender’s side. By randomly selecting a certain period of time through the source monitoring module to measure the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the signal light and the idle light , we can estimate the side-channel information leakage of the source and then obtain the key generation rate.

Compared with the QKD protocol based on monitoring weak coherent sources, our present protocol can give a better performance in either the transmission distance or the key generation rate, especially when the interference error is large. In addition, in principle, our present protocol can also be extended to other quantum key distribution protocols, such as the measurement-device-independent protocols, to further improve the security and practicability of QKD systems. Therefore, our present work can provide valuable references for realizing the large-scale application of quantum communication networks in the near future.
How cancer-associated fibroblasts promote T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors: a physical perspective
Authors: Ackermann Joseph , Bernard Chiara , Sirven Philemon , Salmon Hélène , Fraldi Massimiliano , Ben Amar Martine
Published: November 2024

The tumor stroma is a tissue composed primarily of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vasculature. Its structure and functions, such as nutrient support and waste removal, are altered during malignancy. Tumor cells transform fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts, which have important immunosuppressive activity on which growth, invasion, and metastasis depend. These activated fibroblasts prevent immune cell infiltration into the tumor nest, thereby promoting cancer progression and inhibiting T-cell-based immunotherapy. To understand these complex interactions, we measure the density of different cell types in the stroma using immunohistochemistry techniques on tumor samples from lung cancer patients. We incorporate these data, and also known information on cell proliferation rates and relevant biochemical interactions, into a minimal dynamical system with few parameters. A spatio-temporal approach to the inhomogeneous environment explains the cell distribution and fate of lung carcinomas. The model reproduces that cancer-associated fibroblasts act as a barrier to tumor growth, but also reduce the efficiency of the immune response. The final outcome depends on the parameter values for each patient and leads to either tumor invasion, persistence, or eradication as a result of the interplay between cancer cell growth, T-cell cytotoxic activity, and fibroblast attraction, activation, and spatial dynamics. Our conclusion is that a wide spectrum of scenarios exists as a result of the competition between the characteristic times of cancer cell growth and the activity rates of the other species. Nevertheless, distinct trajectories and patterns allow quantitative predictions that may help in the selection of new therapies and personalized protocols. We conclude with different options for further modeling.
Key determinants of the dual clamp/activator function of Complexin
Authors: Makke Mazen , Pastor-Ruiz Alejandro , Yarzagaray Antonio , Gaya Surya , Zimmer Michelle , Frisch Walentina , Bruns Dieter
Published: November 2024

Complexin determines magnitude and kinetics of synchronized secretion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we show that the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix at the C-terminus of Complexin II (CpxII, amino acids 115–134) binds to fusion-promoting SNARE proteins, prevents premature secretion, and allows vesicles to accumulate in a release-ready state in mouse chromaffin cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that an unrelated amphipathic helix functionally substitutes for the C-terminal domain (CTD) of CpxII and that amino acid substitutions on the hydrophobic side compromise the arrest of the pre-fusion intermediate. To facilitate synchronous vesicle fusion, the N-terminal domain (NTD) of CpxII (amino acids 1–27) specifically cooperates with synaptotagmin I (SytI), but not with synaptotagmin VII. Expression of CpxII rescues the slow release kinetics of the Ca2+-binding mutant Syt I R233Q, whereas the N-terminally truncated variant of CpxII further delays it. These results indicate that the CpxII NTD regulates mechanisms which are governed by the forward rate of Ca2+ binding to Syt I. Overall, our results shed new light on key molecular properties of CpxII that hinder premature exocytosis and accelerate synchronous exocytosis.
Brain-derived and in vitro-seeded alpha-synuclein fibrils exhibit distinct biophysical profiles
Authors: Lee Selene Seoyun , Civitelli Livia , Parkkinen Laura
Published: November 2024

The alpha-synuclein (αSyn) seeding ampliﬁcation assay (SAA) that allows the generation of disease-speciﬁc in vitro seeded ﬁbrils (SAA ﬁbrils) is used as a research tool to study the connection between the structure of αSyn fibrils, cellular seeding/spreading, and the clinicopathological manifestations of different synucleinopathies. However, structural differences between human brain-derived and SAA αSyn ﬁbrils have been recently highlighted. Here, we characterize the biophysical properties of the human brain-derived αSyn ﬁbrils from the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia (PD, PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and compare them to the ‘model’ SAA ﬁbrils. We report that the brain-derived αSyn ﬁbrils show distinct biochemical proﬁles, which were not replicated in the corresponding SAA ﬁbrils. Furthermore, the brain-derived αSyn ﬁbrils from all synucleinopathies displayed a mixture of ‘straight’ and ‘twisted’ microscopic structures. However, the PD, PDD, and DLB SAA ﬁbrils had a ’straight’ structure, whereas MSA SAA ﬁbrils showed a ‘twisted’ structure. Finally, the brain-derived αSyn ﬁbrils from all four synucleinopathies were phosphorylated (S129). Interestingly, phosphorylated αSyn were carried over to the PDD and DLB SAA fibrils. Our ﬁndings demonstrate the limitation of the SAA ﬁbrils modeling the brain-derived αSyn ﬁbrils and pay attention to the necessity of deepening the understanding of the SAA fibrillation methodology.
Noisy neuronal populations effectively encode sound localization in the dorsal inferior colliculus of awake mice
Authors: Boffi Juan Carlos , Bathellier Brice , Asari Hiroki , Prevedel Robert
Published: November 2024

Sound location coding has been extensively studied at the central nucleus of the mammalian inferior colliculus (CNIC), supporting a population code. However, this population code has not been extensively characterized on the single-trial level with simultaneous recordings or at other anatomical regions like the dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus (DCIC), which is relevant for learning-induced experience dependent plasticity. To address these knowledge gaps, here we made in two complementary ways large-scale recordings of DCIC populations from awake mice in response to sounds delivered from 13 different frontal horizontal locations (azimuths): volumetric two-photon calcium imaging with ~700 cells simultaneously recorded at a relatively low temporal resolution, and high-density single-unit extracellular recordings with ~20 cells simultaneously recorded at a high temporal resolution. Independent of the method, the recorded DCIC population responses revealed substantial trial-to-trial variation (neuronal noise) which was significantly correlated across pairs of neurons (noise correlations) in the passively listening condition. Nevertheless, decoding analysis supported that these noisy response patterns encode sound location on the single-trial basis, reaching errors that match the discrimination ability of mice. The detected noise correlations contributed to minimize the error of the DCIC population code of sound azimuth. Altogether these findings point out that DCIC can encode sound location in a similar format to what has been proposed for CNIC, opening exciting questions about how noise correlations could shape this code in the context of cortico-collicular input and experience-dependent plasticity.
Introducing ProsperNN—a Python package for forecasting with neural networks
Authors: Beck Nico , Schemm Julia , Ehrig Claudia , Sonnleitner Benedikt , Neumann Ursula , Zimmermann Hans Georg
Published: November 2024

We present the package prosper_nn, that provides four neural network architectures dedicated to time series forecasting, implemented in PyTorch. In addition, prosper_nn contains the first sensitivity analysis suitable for recurrent neural networks (RNN) and a heatmap to visualize forecasting uncertainty, which was previously only available in Java. These models and methods have successfully been in use in industry for two decades and were used and referenced in several scientific publications. However, only now we make them publicly available on GitHub, allowing researchers and practitioners to benchmark and further develop them. The package is designed to make the models easily accessible, thereby enabling research and application in various fields like demand and macroeconomic forecasting.
Balance training in older adults enhances feedback control after perturbations
Authors: Koster Ruud A. J. , Alizadehsaravi Leila , Muijres Wouter , Bruijn Sjoerd M. , Dominici Nadia , van Dieën Jaap H.
Published: November 2024

Background

As we age, avoiding falls becomes increasingly challenging. While balance training can mitigate such challenges, the specific mechanisms through which balance control improves remains unclear.

Methods

We investigated the impact of balance training in older adults on feedback control after perturbations, focusing on kinematic balance recovery strategies and muscle synergy activation. Twenty older adults aged over 65 underwent short-term (one session) and long-term (3-weeks, 10 sessions) balance training, and their recovery from unpredictable mediolateral perturbations was assessed. Perturbations consisted of 8° rotations of a robot-controlled platform on which participants were balancing on one leg. We measured full-body 3D kinematics and activation of 15 leg and trunk muscles, from which linear and rotational kinematic balance recovery responses and muscle synergies were obtained.

Results

Our findings revealed improved balance performance after long-term training, characterized by reduced centre of mass acceleration and (rate of change of) angular momentum. Particularly during the later stage of balance recovery the use of angular momentum to correct centre of mass displacement was reduced after training, decreasing the overshoot in body orientation. Instead, more ankle torque was used to correct centre of mass displacement, but only for perturbations in medial direction. These situation and strategy specific changes indicate adaptations in feedback control. Activation of muscle synergies during balance recovery was also affected by training, specifically the synergies responsible for leg stiffness and ankle torques. Training effects on angular momentum and the leg stiffness synergy were already evident after short-term training.

Conclusion

We conclude that balance training in older adults refines feedback control through the tuning of control strategies, ultimately enhancing the ability to recover balance.