bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on mechanical properties and failure mechanism of epoxy resin/aluminum foam/rubber powder three‐phase composites
Authors: Wu Z. , Zhang Z. , Zhang X. , Jiang H. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Y. , Yang C.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, three‐phase composites were made by combining N220 carbon black rubber powder with open‐cell aluminum foam and epoxy resin with mass fractions of 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %, respectively. The mechanical and energy absorption properties of three groups of epoxy resin/rubber powder/aluminum foam three‐phase composites with added aluminum foam and different mass fractions of N220 carbon black rubber powder were analyzed during quasi‐static compression at a compression rate of 2 mm/minute. The mechanical parameters in the quasi‐static compression experiments were compared with those of the two‐phase composites of epoxy resin/rubber powder with no added aluminum foam. Finally, the micro‐morphology of the composites after quasi‐static compression damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the collapse deformation of aluminum foam during compression affects the stability of the epoxy resin/rubber powder composite matrix and reduces the toughness of the epoxy resin/rubber powder composite matrix.
Manganese boosts natural killer cell function via cGAS–STING mediated UTX expression
Authors: Ming Qianyi , Liu Jiejie , Lv Zijian , Wang Tiance , Fan Runjia , Zhang Yan , Chen Meixia , Sun Yingli , Han Weidong , Mei Qian
Published: August 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in both innate immunity and the activation of adaptive immunity. The activating effect of Mn2+ on cyclic GMP‐AMP(cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING signaling has been well known, but its effect on NK cells remains elusive. In this study, we identified the vital role of manganese (Mn2+) in NK cell activation. Mn2+ directly boosts cytotoxicity of NK cells and promotes the cytokine secretion by NK cells, thereby activating CD8+ T cells and enhancing their antitumor activity. Furthermore, Mn2+ can simultaneously activate NK‐cell intrinsic cGAS and STING and consequently augment the expression of ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX to promote the responsiveness of NK cells. Our results contribute to a broader comprehension of how cGAS–STING regulates NK cells. As a potent agonist of cGAS–STING, Mn2+ provides a promising option for NK cell‐based immunotherapy of cancers.
Sobolev‐type regularization method for the backward diffusion equation with fractional Laplacian and time‐dependent coefficient
Authors: Khieu Tran Thi , Khanh Tra Quoc
Published: August 2024

This work is concerned with an ill‐posed problem of reconstructing the historical distribution of a backward diffusion equation with fractional Laplacian and time‐dependent coefficient in multidimensional space. The investigated problem is regularized by a Sobolev‐type equation method. Unlike previous works, to prove the convergence of the regularized solution to the exact one, we only require a very weak and natural a priori condition that the solution belongs to the standard Lebesgue space
. This is done by suitably employing the Lebesgue‐dominated convergence theorem. If we go further to impose a stronger a priori condition, one may know how fast the convergence is. Finally, some MATLAB‐based numerical examples are provided to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
On a parabolic equation in microelectromechanical systems with an external pressure
Authors: Zhang Lingfeng , Wang Xiaoliu
Published: August 2024

The parabolic problem
on a bounded domain
of
with Dirichlet boundary condition models the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device with an external pressure term. In this paper, we classify the behavior of the solutions to this equation. We first show that under certain initial conditions, there exist critical constants
and
such that when
, there exists a global solution, while for
or
, the solution quenches in finite time. The estimates of voltage
, quenching time
, and pressure term
are investigated. The quenching set
is proved to be a compact subset of
with an additional condition on
, provided
is a convex bounded set. In particular, if
is radially symmetric, then the origin is the only quenching point. Furthermore, we not only derive the two‐sided bound estimate for the quenching solution but also obtain its asymptotic behavior near the quenching time.
Oscillatory systems with two degrees of freedom and van der Pol coupling: Analytical approach
Authors: Kraljevic Sinisa , Zukovic Miodrag , Cveticanin Livija
Published: August 2024

In this paper steady‐state vibrations of the two‐degrees‐of‐freedom oscillatory systems with van der Pol coupling are investigated. The model is a system of two differential equations with weak nonlinearity. A new solving procedure based on D′Alembert's method and the method of time‐variable amplitude and phase is developed. The main advantage of the method in comparison to others is that it gives the solution of the system of two coupled weak nonlinear equations in the form that is simple to analyze, as it has the same form as the solution of the corresponding system of linear equations. In the paper two types of systems are considered: one, a two‐mass system with two degrees of freedom, and second, the one‐mass system with two degrees of freedom. The torsional vibrations of a two‐mass system and vibrations of a Jeffcott rotor with two‐degrees‐of‐freedom are analyzed. Analytically obtained results are numerically tested. It is obtained that the difference between analytic and numeric results is small and almost negligible. As the accuracy of the analytic solution is high, it is suitable for application in technics and engineering. Conclusions about steady‐state self‐sustainable oscillators, orbital, and limit cycle motions are given.
Sex Differences in the Absorption, Disposition, Metabolism, and Excretion of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins in Prepubescent Rats
Authors: Iglesias‐Carres Lisard , Mas‐Capdevila Anna , Bravo Francisca I. , Suárez Manuel , Arola‐Arnal Anna , Muguerza Begoña
Published: August 2024

Scope

The absorption, disposition, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of phenolic compounds are key factors in determining their bioactivity. The group demonstrates that the ADME of a Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) depends on sex in adult rats and specifically, methylated metabolites are only quantified in brain male adult rats. The aim of this study is to determine whether these differences exist before puberty.

Methods and results

Prepubescent 4‐week‐old male and female Wistar rats are administered GSPE at a dose of 1000 mg kg−1. Plasma, liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), brain, and kidneys are extracted excised 2 h after GSPE administration, and the PAs metabolite profile is studied by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Moreover, plasma estradiol and brain and liver catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) protein levels are also studied. Results showed that there are no differences in plasma and brain among sexes and only differences are observed in liver, MWAT, and kidney with individual metabolites. This agrees with the lack of differences in estradiol and COMT levels among sexes. However, the ADME of PAs metabolites is higher in male rats.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate lack of sex‐dependence in metabolite profile in prepubescent rats, suggesting that sex differences in the metabolism of GSPE occur due to puberty.
The Solvatomagnetism of ET(33) Betaine and of Its Phenolic Precursor
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Fabián , Rezende Marcos Caroli , Rodríguez‐Huenchún Valentina
Published: August 2024

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the N‐(3,5‐dichloro‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ 2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinium perchlorate and of its deprotonated betaine 4‐(2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinio)‐2,6‐dichlorophenolate (Wolfbeis's ET(33) dye) were recorded in various solvents and analyzed in search of solvent‐dependent shifts that characterize their solvatomagnetism, which was compared with the well‐known UV–vis spectral behavior of this important solvatochromic dye. Although the NMR spectra of ET(33) and its phenolic precursor in different solvents correlated only poorly with their UV–vis spectral responses, they provided valuable information on specific structural features and solute–solvent interactions that are not available from their UV–vis spectra.
Proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 regulates the magnitude and frequency of dopamine release by repetitive neuronal stimuli in the striatum of L‐dopa‐treated mice
Authors: Hatta Daisuke , Makiya Shiho , Kanamoto Kaito , Watanabe Kaori , Fuchigami Yuki , Kawakami Shigeru , Kinoshita Akira , Yoshiura Koh‐Ichiro , Kurotaki Naohiro , Shirotani Keiro , Iwata Nobuhisa
Published: August 2024

Mutations in proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Recently, we reported that a Prrt2 mutation exacerbated L‐dopa‐induced motor deficits in mice, suggesting that the basal ganglia might contribute to PKD pathology. Here, we demonstrated that the Prrt2 mutation enhanced depolarization stimuli‐induced extracellular dopamine levels in the mouse striatum, which were attenuated by repeated stimulation. L‐dopa administration maintained high dopamine levels in Prrt2‐KI mice even during repetitive stimuli but did not affect dopamine levels in wild‐type mice. Thus, the enhanced and prolonged responsiveness of dopamine release in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to sequential excitation may be partially implicated in Prrt2‐related dyskinesia.
Taylor‐based smart flower optimization algorithm with the deep residual network to predict mechanical materials properties
Authors: Sharma Oshin , Sharma Deepak
Published: August 2024

The expedience of materials processing is of great significance and increased the industrial interest in meeting the needs of contemporary engineering applications. The inspection of mechanical properties is extensively explored by scientists, but the prediction of properties with the deep model is limited. This article presents an optimized deep residual network (DRN) to predict mechanical properties of materials. The quantile normalization is applied for improved processing. The DRN is pre‐trained with an optimization model for initializing the best set of attributes and tuning the parameters of the model. Here, Taylor‐Smart Flower Optimization Algorithm (Taylor‐SFOA) is adapted for training DRN by tuning optimum weights. The proposed Taylor‐SFOA helps to effectively offer precise mapping amidst mechanical properties and processing parameters. The optimal features are selected with the Ruzicka and Motyka. The selected features are fused with a dice coefficient to choose distinct features for attaining effective performance. The method yielded better outcomes with improved generalization. The Taylor‐SFOA‐based DRN provided better outcomes with smallest Mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.049, Mean square error (MSE) of 0.116, Root Mean square error (RMSE) of 0.340, memory footprint of 37.700 MB, and training time of 9.633 Sec.
Applications of Machine Learning in Meniere's Disease Assessment Based on Pure‐Tone Audiometry
Authors: Liu Xu , Guo Ping , Wang Dan , Hsieh Yue‐Lin , Shi Suming , Dai Zhijian , Wang Deping , Li Hongzhe , Wang Wuqing
Published: August 2024

Objective

To apply machine learning models based on air conduction thresholds of pure‐tone audiometry for automatic diagnosis of Meniere's disease (MD) and prediction of endolymphatic hydrops (EH).

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Methods

Gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences and pure‐tone audiometry data were collected. Subsequently, basic and multiple analytical features were engineered based on the air conduction thresholds of pure‐tone audiometry. Later, 5 classical machine learning models were trained to diagnose MD using the engineered features. The models demonstrating excellent performance were also selected to predict EH. The model's effectiveness in MD diagnosis was compared with experienced otolaryngologists.

Results

First, the winning light gradient boosting (LGB) machine learning model trained by multiple features demonstrates a remarkable performance on the diagnosis of MD, achieving an accuracy rate of 87%, sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 90%, and a robust area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95, which compares favorably with experienced clinicians. Second, the LGB model, with an accuracy of 78% on EH prediction, outperformed the other 3 machine learning models. Finally, a feature importance analysis reveals a pivotal role of the specific pure‐tone audiometry features that are essential for both MD diagnosis and EH prediction. Highlighted features include standard deviation and mean of the whole‐frequency hearing, the peak of the audiogram, and hearing at low frequencies, notably at 250 Hz.

Conclusion

An efficient machine learning model based on pure‐tone audiometry features was produced to diagnose MD, which also showed the potential to predict the subtypes of EH. The innovative approach demonstrated a game‐changing strategy for MD screening and promising cost‐effective benefits for the health care enterprise.
High‐performance shape memory characteristics by integrating urea linkages into the polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Lee Jaeheon , Kim Jung Hyeun
Published: August 2024

Shape memory polymers have been widely researched to develop multifunctional materials that respond smartly to external stimulations and programmed signals. Among them, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) is drawing great attention owing to its highly tunable properties and ease of integrating new functions. However, the effect of urea bonds on SMPU elastomers has rarely been investigated because of the extreme reactivity of amine crosslinkers. In this study, we used diethanolamine (DEOA), which contains a secondary amine, as the crosslinker for SMPU synthesis. Unlike other crosslinkers containing primary amines, they can form urea bonds in a more gentle manner. The urea bonds reinforce the intermolecular interactions between the hard segments with strong hydrogen bonding, thus increasing the phase separation and degree of crystallization. Consequently, the urea‐containing SMPU exhibits improved mechanical strength and shape memory abilities for both fixing and recovery. Moreover, the transcarbamoylation reaction, which enables the reconfiguration of the original shape, is observed. The introduction of the urea bonds into the SMPU elastomer can be beneficial in achieving flawless shape memory performances in various sensitive applications.
Binary nanoconjugation of zein–methylcellulose for improving curcumin properties: solubility, controlled release and anticancer activity
Authors: Abaza Sana F , Elbialy Nihal S , Mohamed Noha
Published: August 2024

For cancer treatment, a novel nanocarrier has been developed, utilizing natural compounds. Zein protein (Z) and methylcellulose (MC) polysaccharide were formulated as a nanocarrier for nutraceutical curcumin (Cur). The zein–methylcellulose nanoconjugate (ZMC) appeared spherical/monodispersed in transmission electron microscopy images. Hydrodynamic sizes were 164 ± 20.2 and 190 ± 28.2 nm for ZMC and ZMC@Cur, respectively. For both formulations, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses were conducted. Curcumin encapsulation efficiency was 92%, and its release profile was pH responsive. Using MTT assay, ZMC@Cur demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect against MCF‐7 and HepG2, surpassing the impact of curcumin. This underscores the pivotal role of ZMC@Cur in enhancing curcumin properties, thereby potentiating cancer cell death. Compared with free curcumin, ZMC@Cur markedly promoted DNA damage in cancer cells, owing to precise curcumin targeting into the nucleus. Accordingly, the proposed bionanocomposite stands as an efficient vehicle for curcumin, showcasing its crucial role in combating cancer via improving the pharmaceutical properties of curcumin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physical and chemical diagnostics of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad Reza , Tehrani Pouria Akbar , Khani Mohammadreza , Razaghiha Elahe , Ghasemi Erfan , Shokri Babak
Published: August 2024

This article presents an experimental investigation of an argon plasma jet. It examines a commercial argon plasma jet device's physical, chemical, and biological impacts, comparing findings against global standards. The study focuses on electrical features ensuring safety for patients and consumers, finding all leakage current values within established standards. Chemical analysis of emitted gases shows no detectable levels of harmful compounds near treated skin. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals bioactive compounds within the plasma jet. UV radiation emission remains within safety thresholds. Hyperspectral imaging shows temporary increases in skin characteristics posttreatment, reverting to baseline over time. Overall, the study demonstrates the safety and potential of the argon plasma jet in skin treatment.
Identification of MicroRNAs in children with increased asthma bronchodilator usage in genetics of asthma in Costa Rica Study
Authors: Wong Richard , Desai Brinda , Sharma Rinku , Srivastava Upasna , Kho Alvin T. , Weiss Scott T. , Celedón Juan C. , McGeachie Michael J. , Tantisira Kelan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Uncontrolled or severe asthma results in symptomatic usage of short‐acting ß2‐agonist (SABA) usage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranslational regulators that can influence asthma biology. This study aims to identify miRNAs that are associated with increased SABA usage.

Methods

Small RNA sequenced from blood serum of 1,132 children with asthma aged 6 to 14 years in the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study was used for this analysis. Logistic regression identified miRNAs in patients who required increased SABA usage. These miRNA were validated for association with SABA‐induced bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR). Gene target pathway analysis was performed on validated miRNAs.

Results

Twenty‐one miRNAs were significantly associated with increased SABA usage with OR ranging from 0.87 to 1.23. Two miRNAs, miR‐378a‐3p and miR‐144‐3p, had odds ratio 1.14 (1–1.29, p = .05) and 1.11 (1.01–1.22, p = .035), respectively, for increased SABA usage and were also significantly associated with bronchodilator response. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis involving these miRNA and bronchodilator response revealed that increased miR‐378a‐3p correlated with decreased BDR and increased expression of miR‐144‐3p correlated with improving pulmonary function with bronchodilators. In gene target Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the erythroblastosis viral oncogene signaling pathway had among one of the highest fold enrichment and p‐value.

Conclusion

Increased expression of miR‐378a‐3p and miR‐144‐3p was seen in this patient population who required increased SABA usage. There were different bronchodilatory effects seen in these two miRNAs, suggesting different potential mechanisms underlying increased SABA usage.
Enhanced CZTSSe Thin‐Film Solar Cell Efficiency: Key Parameter Analysis
Authors: Hafaifa Loumafak , Maache Mostefa , Rabhi Selma , Allam Zehor , Gouchida Zineb Ibtissem , Benbouzid Yazid , Zebeir Achouak , Adjouz Razika
Published: August 2024

This work presents a numerical simulation study on CZTSSe‐based thin‐film solar cells using Silvaco Atlas software, focusing on optimization and loss analysis. Starting from an initial power conversion efficiency of 12.73%, the ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe cell structure is systematically optimized. Through precise adjustment of layer thickness and doping density, the efficiency is improved to 18.75%. The optimal parameters are 2.5 μm (1017 cm−3) for CZTSSe, 0.01 μm (1018 cm−3) for CdS, and 0.02 μm (1019 cm−3) for ZnO. Loss analysis reveals that increasing CZTSSe thickness beyond 2.5 μm leads to higher bulk series resistance, while thicker CdS and ZnO layers reduce photocurrent generation. Doping density significantly impacts open‐circuit voltage, while layer thickness primarily affects short‐circuit current and fill factor. Performance improves at lower temperatures, achieving 22.2% efficiency at 250 K. These findings provide valuable insights for developing high‐efficiency CZTSSe solar cells.
Reduced Persistent Photoconductivity in Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction‐Deposited ZnO:Sn Thin Films
Authors: Pujar Swati M. , Bhat Saideep , Rao Gowrish K. , Mahesha
Published: August 2024

Device‐quality Sn‐doped ZnO thin films are obtained from a simple and cost‐effective successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method with doping concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mol%. The influence of doping on the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties is studied. All the samples show a hexagonal wurtzite structure with planes that reorient themselves upon doping. Morphological studies reveal sharp cone‐like structures branching out to become florets upon doping, resulting in a higher surface‐to‐volume ratio that is reflected in the photoresponse characteristics. The optical properties show a sharp absorbance edge, in the near‐UV region, for all the samples. The calculated bandgap is in the range of 3.19–3.23 eV. Photoluminescence spectra are recorded to analyze the defect states in the samples, and the native defects of ZnO are found. A remarkable increase in current is observed upon illumination indicating significant photoresponse. ZnO tends to show persistent photoconductivity wherein there is delayed decay in the photocurrent. This phenomenon is reduced significantly herein by doping with Sn atoms. The spectral response study confirms that the devices are suitable for visible‐blind, near‐UV detection.
Virus‐Induced Host Chemokine CCL2 in COVID‐19 Pathogenesis: Potential Prognostic Marker and Target of Anti‐Inflammatory Strategy
Authors: Ansari Abdul Wahid , Ahmad Fareed , Alam Majid Ali , Raheed Thesni , Zaqout Ahmed , Al‐Maslamani Muna , Ahmad Aamir , Buddenkotte Joerg , Al‐Khal Abdullatif , Steinhoff Martin
Published: August 2024

A wide variety of inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines and chemokines, are induced during SARS CoV‐2 infection. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines tend to play a pivotal role in virus‐mediated immunopathology. The C‐C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and strong chemoattractant of monocytes, macrophages and CD4+ T cells bearing C‐C chemokine receptor type‐2 (CCR2). Besides controlling immune cell trafficking, CCL2 is also involved in multiple pathophysiological processes including systemic hyperinflammation associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS), organ fibrosis and blood coagulation. These pathological features are commonly manifested in severe and fatal cases of COVID‐19. Given the crucial role of CCL2 in COVID‐19 pathogenesis, the CCL2:CCR2 axis may constitute a potential therapeutic target to control virus‐induced hyperinflammation and multi‐organ dysfunction. Herein we describe recent advances on elucidating the role of CCL2 in COVID‐19 pathogenesis, prognosis, and a potential target of anti‐inflammatory interventions.
An optimization‐based method for robust stabilization of linear delay systems
Authors: Hu Renhong , Mei Jie , Ma Guangfu
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the robust stabilization problem of linear delay systems with parametric uncertainty. First, by means of the argument principle, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition is derived for designing a feedback controller, with which the closed‐loop system can achieve robust stability. Then, based on the fundamental matrix of the linear delay systems, a constrained optimization problem is formulated for solving the feedback gain matrices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by some simulation results.
Comparing Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Hidradenitis Suppurativa between Dermatology and Non-Dermatology Ambulatory Providers
Authors: Tolson Hannah , Kikuchi Robin , Yamamoto Rebecca K. , Sadrolashrafi Kaviyon , Guo Lily , Hao Audrey , Bilimoria Sara , Yee Danielle , Armstrong April W.
Published: August 2024

Background

Oral antibiotics are a mainstay of treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) primarily due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Because antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat HS, concerns exist regarding antibiotic stewardship. There is a paucity of literature comparing how antibiotic prescribing patterns for HS differ between dermatology and non-dermatology clinicians in the ambulatory setting.

Objective

This study aims to compare the antibiotic prescribing patterns of dermatology versus non-dermatology clinicians treating HS in the ambulatory setting.

Methods

We utilised the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) to identify visits for HS patients from 2005 to 2016. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the likelihood of prescribing (1) antibiotics and (2) tetracyclines between dermatology and non-dermatology clinicians in the ambulatory setting.

Results

We identified a total of 2 424 125 (weighted) HS visits. Approximately 28.0% of visits were conducted by dermatology clinicians, while 72.0% were conducted by non-dermatology clinicians. Antibiotics were prescribed in 51.9% of visits. Tetracyclines were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics among visits with dermatology clinicians (33.4%), while penicillins/cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic among visits with non-dermatology clinicians (14.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated no difference in the overall likelihood of prescribing antibiotic therapy between dermatology and non-dermatology clinicians (p = 0.35). However, dermatology clinicians were significantly more likely to prescribe tetracyclines than non-dermatology clinicians (OR 5.48, 95% CI 1.19–25.26, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

In conclusion, dermatology clinicians were significantly more likely to prescribe tetracyclines than non-dermatology clinicians for HS patient visits.
Multilocular Subcutaneous Bacillary Angiomatosis as a Primary Manifestation of Aids
Authors: Duckwitz Theresa M. , Yazdi Amir S. , Kluwig David
Published: August 2024

A 34-year-old male patient presented with a clinical picture of multilocular subcutaneous skin nodules in addition to marked lymphadenopathy and general physical deterioration. A comprehensive diagnostic workup including serology, skin biopsy and imaging studies led to the initial diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in AIDS stage with rare multilocular subcutaneous bacillary angiomatosis (BA) caused by Bartonella henselae. BA describes a process of neovascularisation of the skin or of internal organs (particularly the liver and spleen) and was first described in HIV-positive patients by Stoler et al. in 1983. Both cutaneous and systemic symptoms are variable. There is no standardized treatment. The patient was started on antibiotic therapy with doxycycline, which was subsequently augmented with rifampicin. As the patient's general condition deteriorated and lymphocytopenia aggravated, he was transferred to an internal medicine ward for further treatment and subsequently commenced on antiretroviral therapy. This case corroborates numerous aspects of the cases described in the literature yet differs from them in that subcutaneous lesions are uncommon, particularly when infected with Bartonella henselae, illustrating the clinical spectrum of BA. Furthermore, it emphasises the significance of prompt and thorough diagnosis encompassing HIV serology in instances of skin lesions, accompanied by systemic signs and evidence of immunosuppression.
An Integrated Micro‐Heating System for On‐Chip Isothermal Amplification of African Swine Fever Virus Genes
Authors: Sun Jiajia , Shi Zongqian , Tan Qiongxiang , Zhong Mingjie , Wang Nan , Xin Shumin , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Ruohan , Ma Yuxin , Wu Kai , Cui Yali , Hui Wenli
Published: August 2024

The loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used in the laboratory to facilitate rapid DNA or RNA detection with a streamlined operational process, whose properties are greatly dependent on the uniformity and rise rate of temperature in the reaction chambers and the design of the primers. This paper introduces a planar micro‐heater equipped with an embedded micro‐temperature sensor to realize temperature tunability at a low energy cost. Moreover, a control system, based on the Wheatstone bridge and proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control, is designed to measure and adjust the temperature of the micro‐heater. The maximum temperature rise rate of the designed micro‐heater is ≈8 °C s−1, and it only takes ≈60 s to reach the target temperature. Furthermore, a designed plasmid, containing the B646L gene of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), and a set of specific primers, are used to combine with the designed micro‐heating system to implement the LAMP reaction. Finally, the lateral flow assay is used to interpret the amplification results visually. This method can achieve highly sensitive and efficient detection of ASFV within 40 min. The sensitivity of this on‐chip gene detection method is 8.4 copies per reaction, holding great potential for applications in DNA and RNA amplification.
Efficient Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Acidic Wastewater by a Green β‐CDs‐Functionalized Nanosponge
Authors: Xu Junxin , Wang Dandan , Yang Jianmei , He Junnan , Yang Tong , Zhao Xue , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Jin , Zhang Lei , Zhao Yan
Published: August 2024

The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from acidic wastewater is crucial to sustainable development, industrial processes, and human health. In this research, β‐cyclodextrin‐based nanosponges (β‐CD/PVA‐SA NSs) have been proposed as potential adsorbents for europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), and gadolinium (Gd) recovery. The nanosponges are synthesized by cross‐linking β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA). Experimental results indicate that β‐CD/PVA‐SA NSs exhibit favorable selectivity for Eu, Dy, and Gd, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 222, 217, and 204 mg/g, respectively, in addition to stability and cyclicity. β‐CD/PVA‐SA NSs maintain selective adsorption effects towards RE ions that are present in acidic mine drainage (AMD), thereby highlighting their potential for practical applications. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) simulations have unveiled the fundamental interactions between the functional groups anchored in β‐CD/PVA‐SA NSs and the REEs, providing vital insights into their adsorption mechanism. Hence, the utilization of β‐CD/PVA‐SA NSs has the potential to advance initiatives in remediating acidic water pollution and facilitating the sustainable recycling of RE resources.
Exact interval estimation for three parameters subject to false positive misclassification
Authors: Lu Shuiyun , Wang Weizhen , Xie Tianfa
Published: August 2024

Binary data subject to one type of misclassification exist in various fields. It is collected in a double‐sampling scheme that includes a gold standard test and a fallible test. The main parameter of interest for this type of data is the positive probability of the gold standard test. Existing intervals are unreliable because the given nominal level is not achieved. In this paper, we construct an exact interval by inverting the E+M score tests and improve it by the general ‐function method. We find that the total length of the improved interval is shorter than the exact intervals that are also the improved intervals when we apply the ‐function to several existing approximate intervals, including the score and Bayesian intervals. Therefore, it is recommended for practice. We are also interested in two other parameters: —the difference between the two positive rates for the fallible and gold standard tests—and —the false positive rate for the fallible test. To the best of our knowledge, the research on these two parameters is limited. For , we find that any interval for can be converted to an interval for . So, the interval converted from the aforementioned recommended interval for is recommended for inferring . For , the improved interval by the ‐function method over the E+M score interval is derived. We use an example to illustrate how the intervals are computed and provide a real data analysis.
Breadmaking Potential of Andean Roots and Tuber Starches from Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa), Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), and Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza)
Authors: Dini Cecilia , Garzón Raquel , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: August 2024

Aim is to explore the breadmaking potential for gluten‐free goods of non‐conventional starches from Andean crops ahipa, oca, and arracacha. Their characteristics and performance in breadmaking are compared with those of cassava, taken as a reference for conventional gluten‐free root starch. Physicochemical properties of breads are studied along with the pasting and thermal properties, composition, and α‐amylase hydrolysis of starches. Arracacha starch has the lowest amylose content (2.4%) and the highest water hydration (1.4 g g−1). Its batter shows adequate proofing, but the bread is highly adhesive, with dense crumb. Ahipa starch paste has the lowest peak, trough and final viscosities determined by rapid visco analyzer, and the highest hydrolysis rate (kRVA = 2.30 min−1). Its batter exhibits, along with oca, the highest volume increase during fermentation (193–197%), but structure collapses in the oven and no alveoli are observed in the crumb. Conversely, oca forms a crumb structure similar to cassava, but with higher cell density (131 alveoli cm−2), cohesiveness (0.95), and resilience (0.65) than the latter (71 alveoli cm−2, 0.88, and 0.45, respectively). Oca starch has lower pasting temperature (64 °C) and the starch paste has similar hydrolysis rate (kRVA = 1.92 min−1) compared to cassava (71.9 °C and 2.08 min−1, respectively), making it a suitable option for providing gluten‐free yeast‐leavened breads with improved technological properties and a comparable glycemic index.
Balancing intrinsic properties of cathode materials allows high performance for protonic ceramic fuel cells
Authors: Yin Yanru , Liu Bo , Yan Dong , Li Jian , Jia Lichao
Published: August 2024

The cathode performance significantly impacts the overall performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). Many properties of the material, such as oxygen vacancies, protonation, charge carrier transport abilities, and surface oxygen reduction reaction activity, can affect cathode performance. However, which parameter has more weight is still being debated. In this work, we use Ba0.5Sr0.5Zr0.25Fe0.65X0.1O3 as a case study (X = Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Co). First‐principle calculations and experimental research are used to study and compare the critical parameters that determine cathode performance. It is discovered that no dopant can improve all the properties of the material. Balancing distinct intrinsic properties is a viable and rational approach. The more balanced, the better performance. When compared to other dopants, nickel dopant is shown to be the most effective in the Ba0.5Sr0.5Zr0.25Fe0.65X0.1O3 material system, allowing a high fuel cell performances of 1862, 1450, and 1085 mW cm−2 at 700°C, 650°C, and 600°C, with a low polarization resistance of 0.041 Ω cm2 at 700°C, which is higher than the majority of cobalt‐free cathodes for PCFCs. The current study not only presents a promising cathode candidate, but more importantly, also an effective and fundamental methodology to design cathodes for PCFCs.
Picrasidine I Regulates Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines by Activating ERK and JNK Pathways and Suppressing AKT Signaling
Authors: Shieu Mu‐Kuei , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Ho Hsin‐Yu , Lo Yu‐Sheng , Chuang Yi‐Ching , Hsieh Ming‐Ju
Published: August 2024

World Health Organization data indicate a continuous increase in melanoma incidence, with metastatic melanoma characterized by poor prognosis and drug resistance. The exploration of therapeutics derived from natural products remains an active area of in vitro research. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor effects of picrasidine I, a natural compound extracted from Picrasma quassioides, against two melanoma cell lines. We selected two metastatic melanoma cell lines, HMY‐1 and A2058, for molecular studies, including Western blotting, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining, and flow cytometry. Picrasidine I demonstrated cytotoxic effects against the HMY‐1 and A2058 melanoma cell lines. It induced cell cycle arrest in the sub‐G1 phase and downregulated cell cycle–related proteins (e.g., cyclin A2, D1, cyclin‐dependent kinases 4, and 6). In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, picrasidine I activated proapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bax, Bak, t‐Bid, BimL/S) and suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL), with an observed increase in the quantity of depolarized cells. In addition, the apoptotic effects of picrasidine I were linked to the activation of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways and the inhibition of the protein kinase B signaling pathway. A human apoptosis array indicated claspin inhibition upon picrasidine I treatment, suggesting the potential involvement of picrasidine I in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Our findings suggest that picrasidine I has potential as a candidate for treating advanced melanoma, and thus these findings warrant further investigation. The modulation of claspin expression by picrasidine I could be investigated further as a potential biomarker to predict its efficacy in related to advanced stages of melanoma.
Chromosome‐scale Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) genome assembly reveals rampant Salvia interspecies introgression
Authors: Brose Julia , Hamilton John P. , Schlecht Nicholas , Zhao Dongyan , Mejía‐Ponce Paulina M. , Cruz‐Pérez Arely , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Wood Joshua C. , Edger Patrick P. , Montes‐Hernandez Salvador , de Rosas Guillermo Orozco , Hamberger Björn , Cibrian‐Jaramillo Angélica , Buell C. Robin
Published: August 2024

Salvia hispanica L. (Chia), a member of the Lamiaceae, is an economically important crop in Mesoamerica, with health benefits associated with its seed fatty acid composition. Chia varieties are distinguished based on seed color including mixed white and black (Chia pinta) and black (Chia negra). To facilitate research on Chia and expand on comparative analyses within the Lamiaceae, we generated a chromosome‐scale assembly of a Chia pinta accession and performed comparative genome analyses with a previously published Chia negra genome assembly. The Chia pinta and Chia negra genome sequences were highly similar as shown by a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms and extensive shared orthologous gene membership. However, there is an enrichment of terpene synthases in the Chia pinta genome relative to the Chia negra genome. We sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 20 Chia accessions with differing seed color and geographic origin revealing population structure within S. hispanica and interspecific introgressions of Salvia species. As the genus Salvia is polyphyletic, its evolutionary history remains unclear. Using large‐scale synteny analysis within the Lamiaceae and orthologous group membership, we resolved the phylogeny of Salvia species. This study and its collective resources further our understanding of genomic diversity in this food crop and the extent of interspecies hybridizations in Salvia.
Inverse analysis of soil hydraulic parameters of layered soil profiles using physics‐informed neural networks with unsaturated water flow models
Authors: Oikawa Koki , Saito Hirotaka
Published: August 2024

Information about the spatial distribution of soil hydraulic parameters is necessary for the accurate prediction of soil water flow and the coupled movement of chemicals and heat at the field scale using a process‐based model. Physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs), which can provide physical constraints in deep learning to obtain a mesh‐free solution, can be used to inversely estimate soil hydraulic parameters from less and noisy training data. Previous studies using PINNs have successfully estimated soil hydraulic parameters for homogeneous soil but estimating such parameters of layered soil profiles where the interface depth and the parameters are unknown still has some difficulties. The objective of this study was to develop PINNs to inversely estimate the distribution of soil hydraulic parameters, such as saturated hydraulic conductivity and α and n of the Mualem–van Genuchten model directly within layered soil profiles by predicting changes in the pressure head from training data based on simulation results at given depths during infiltration. The impact of factors affecting PINNs performance, such as the weights assigned to each component of the loss function, time range used in error computations, and number of samples used to assess the physical constraint, was investigated. By assigning a larger weight to the physical constraint and excluding the earlier stage of infiltration in the loss function, the changes in the pressure head and the three soil hydraulic parameter distributions within the layered soil were successfully estimated. The developed PINNs can be further applied to more complex soils and can be improved.
Effect of chemical reactions and melting heat on the dynamics of maxwell nanofluid flow
Authors: Muhammad Khursheed , Hayat T. , Inayatullah  , Momani S.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the electrically conducting Maxwell fluid flow over a stretching sheet with the effects of homogeneous‐heterogeneous chemical reactions, thermal radiation, and melting heat. The nanomaterial characteristics are analyzed considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis (Buongiorno's model). Irreversibility analysis is conducted to assess entropy generation. The governing equations of the problem are transformed into dimensionless equations through appropriate similarity transformations. The graphical and tabular numerical solutions are attained through NDSolve via Mathematica. The study examines how various parameters affect the velocity, concentration, temperature, and entropy generation within the flow. This study provides insights into isothermal chemical processes which contribute to the optimization of industrial and engineering applications. It is seen that heterogeneous diffusion parameter increases molecular disorder and rate of irreversible processes, whereas homogeneous diffusion parameter shows opposite trend.
Consumers and Consumption
Authors: Hansen Henning Otte
Published: August 2024

Consumers and consumption are different when it comes to food compared with many other products. Some very specific conditions apply to food consumers and food consumption. The role of income is relatively clear: The consumption of animal-based foods—of which meat accounts for a significant share—increases in line with economic income, while the consumption of vegetable products is almost constant. The share of vegetable-based food will decline in line with increasing income. However, vegans, vegetarians and flexitarians belong to a small but rapidly growing population group in major parts of the world. Convenience, including takeaway food, eating out and catering, is becoming increasingly important with regards to food demand. Market shares for discount stores are also increasing in many countries. The prevalence of the political consumer is increasing, also driven by increasing income.
Enhancement of ceramic tool behaviour with textured grooves during machining of Inconel® 718
Authors: Fernández-Lucio P. , Urbikain G. , Plaza S. , Ukar E. , Pereira O.
Published: August 2024

Inconel® 718, known for its excellent mechanical properties in extreme conditions, presents machining challenges due to its low machinability. The chip formation process, influenced by its high ductility and low thermal conductivity, leads to material adhesion and high cutting forces. Ceramic tools have been proposed to mitigate these inconveniences. Textured cutting tools have emerged as a promising solution, aiming to optimise tool-chip contact and, with it, the tribological conditions and the cutting forces. This study investigates the influence of textured grooves on ceramic tools when turning Inconel® 718. Two groove inclinations, 0° and − 25° relative to the cutting edge, were tested. Texturing was performed using a laser station. Experimental results showed improved tool wear characteristics with textured tools, indicating favourable chip extraction and reduced material adhesion. Cutting forces were notably lower with textured tools compared to the reference tool, attributed to reduced notch wear and altered chip flow. Chip morphology analysis revealed differences in chip shape and thermal stability between the reference and textured tools. In conclusion, textured tools, particularly those with − 25° inclined grooves, demonstrated enhanced performance in machining Inconel® 718.
A characterization of piecewise $$\mathscr {F}$$-syndetic sets
Authors: Griffin Conner
Published: August 2024

Some filter relative notions of size, $$\left( \mathscr {F},\mathscr {G}\right) $$

F
,
G

-syndeticity and piecewise $$\mathscr {F} $$
F
-syndeticity, were defined and applied with clarity and focus by Shuungula, Zelenyuk and Zelenyuk (Semigroup Forum 79: 531–539, 2009). These notions are generalizations of the well studied notions of syndeticity and piecewise syndeticity. Since then, there has been an effort to develop the theory around the algebraic structure of the Stone–Čech compactification so that it encompasses these new generalizations. We prove one direction of a characterization of piecewise $$\mathscr {F}$$
F
-syndetic sets. This completes the characterization, as the other direction was proved by Christopherson and Johnson (Semigroup Forum 104: 28–44, 2021).