bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Russian on GPS signal jamming in the Scandinavian Region
Authors: Pırtı Atınç , Yücel Mehmet Ali
Published: July 2022

GPS's dependability and precision are crucial because it supports infrastructure assets that are essential to the operation of the power grid, transportation, communication, and national and international financial operations. Worldwide productivity is rising thanks to GPS, which has also had a significant impact on military operations. Despite their significance, GPS signals are vulnerable to interference because of their relative weakness. This weakness gives terrorists and state actors that utilize GPS jamming devices a wide range of options. Although different types of jammers can cause varying degrees of interference, the use of powerful military jammers is becoming more and more common. The Russian military is deploying jammers to obstruct GPS satellite signals, which are essential for navigation, mapping, and other purposes. Considering that there are jammers in the region that prevent them from getting any usable signal, Scandinavian nations may not be able to use GPS on some days. In this study, how the jamming effect on the GPS satellites in the Scandinavian regions affects the position accuracy obtained and the performance of the GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, and QZSS satellites that are used to eliminate this situation was investigated.
Spatial and temporal distribution of ApMV and ApNMV associated with mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica) to optimize tissue and time for real time detection
Authors: Nabi Sajad Un , Mir Javid Iqbal , Din Ambreena , Raja Wasim H , Sharma Om Chand , Sheikh Muneer A
Published: July 2022

Background: Besides apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) has also been found associated with apple mosaic disease. Both viruses being labile in nature and their titer varies negatively with high temperatures, needs proper tissue as well as time for real time detection within the plants. The present study was carried out to understand the distribution and titre of ApMV and ApNMV in apple trees from different plant parts (spatial) during different seasons (temporal) for optimization of tissue and time for their timely detection.Methods and Results: The RT-PCR and RT-qPCR was carried out to detect and quantify both the viruses in various plant parts of apple trees during different seasons. Depending upon the availability of tissue, both ApMV and ApNMV were detected in all the plant parts during spring season using RT-PCR. During summer both the viruses were detected in only in seeds and fruits, whereas in leaves and pedicel during autumn season. The RT-qPCR results showed that during spring the ApMV and ApNMV expression was higher in leaves, where as in summer and autumn the titre was highest in seeds and leaves respectively. Conclusions: Leaves during spring and autumn, whereas seeds during summer season can be used as detection material via RT-PCR for early and rapid detection of ApMV and ApNMV. This study will help in accurate sampling to index the planting material well in time and will also aid in production of virus free planting material
Prevalence of Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Santharam Yasasvhinie , Nitkin Christopher , Rajgarhia Ayan , Oschman Alexandra , Fischer Ryan , Feldman Keith
Published: July 2022

Objective: Infants receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) are at increased risk of PN associated liver disease (PNALD) which can manifest in hepatic fibrosis. While congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, this study sought to better understand if infants with CHD were at elevated risk of PNALD when receiving long-term PN. Study Design: A retrospective cohort of infants at a Level-IV NICU 2010-2020 who received long-term PN during the first 8-weeks of life. A 5000-iteration bootstrap estimation for time-varying cox-survival model was used to model risk of PNALD adjusted for demographics and PN exposure. Results: Neonates with CHD were found to be at higher risk for PNALD during or quickly following long-term PN exposure. Conclusions: This work offers a step in understanding how diagnoses can be factored into neonate PN prescription. Future work will explore lipid profiles and timing to mitigate risk in patients with CHD.
Relationship between Sexual Quality of Life with Sexual Function and Sexual Distress in clinical married employed women
Authors: Arbabi Tahereh , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Ansari Fatemeh , Maasoumi Raziyeh , eslami Parisa , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab
Published: July 2022

Objective: Sexual Quality Of Life (SQOL) is an important dimension of women's quality of life and several factors affect it. In this study, the relationship between SQOL with sexual function and sexual distress of clinical married employed women was investigatedMethods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was performed on 385 clinical married employed women in hospitals of Tehran city Universities of Medical Sciences, using multi-stage sampling method during 2018. The research instruments include demographic information questionnaire, standardized Persian versions of female sexual function, female sexual distress scale, SQOL-F and Beck depression questionnaires and a researcher-made questionnaire of factors related to SQOL. The study data were analyzed using SPSS18 statistical software and the application of independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square and multiple linear regression.Results: 43.4% and 41.8% of the participants respectively had poor quality of sexual life and high sexual distress; While 64.7% of them had low sexual function. The variables of job type, education (postgraduate, bachelor’s and master’s degree) and domains of desire, satisfaction and pain in FSFI, total sexual function score and sexual distress score, were related factors to SQOL score.Conclusions: The majority of subjects in this study had good sexual quality of life but low sexual function, so the sexual quality of life in women can be affected by various factors (not just sexual function).
The impact of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors in the immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in women with breast cancer.
Authors: Saavedra Cristina , Vallejo Alejandro , Longo Federico , Serrano Juan José , Fernández-Abad María , Gion María , López-Miranda Elena , Martínez-Jáñez Noelia , Guerra Eva , Chamorro Jesús , Rosero Diana , Velasco Héctor , Martín Adrián , Carrato Alfredo , Casado Jose Luis , Cortés Alfonso
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Patients with cancer have a higher risk of complications and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), thus vaccination is crucial in this population. Oncologic therapies can affect vaccination response, but few data are available about the immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with breast cancer receiving cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). Our study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in patients treated with CDK4/6i in comparison with a group of volunteer health workers. Methods:We conducted a prospective, single-center study including patients with breast cancer treated with CDK4/6i and a comparative group of health care workers (HCW). Blood samples were collected before and after first dose administration, and after second dose. The primary endpoint was to compare the rate and magnitude of humoral and T-cell responses after full vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies titers , the correlation between neutralizing and anti-S antibodies, the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination, and safety were defined as secondary objectives.Results:No differences were observed in the rate of either anti-S or neutralizing antibodies after full vaccination, being 100% in both groups. A positive correlation was found between neutralizing and anti-S antibodies. However, the rate of anti-S CD4 and CD8 T-cell response after complete vaccination was a 15% lower in the CDK4/6i group, although differences were not statistically significant (CD4 T-cell response 69.2% vs 84.6%; p 0.324; anti-S T-cell CD8 response 69.2% vs 84.6%; p 0.324). No differences in the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination were found (19.2% vs 11.5%, p 0.703). Patients with vaccine breakthrough showed lower levels of anti-S antibody after the first dose (492.29 vs 157.96; p 0.029) and lower titers of neutralizing antibodies after full vaccination (p 0.068). The rate of adverse events was higher in patients treated with CDK4/6i. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the two groups.Conclusion:While a robust humoral response was observed in the CDK4/6i group, a limited T cell response was found, without differences in the rate of subsequent COVID-19. Further insight into the underlying mechanisms is crucial to improve breast cancer patients’ protection and to adjust vaccination strategies in this specific population.
Compact and Asymmetric Fed Modified Hexagonal Shaped Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna for 5G Sub: 6 GHz (N77/N78 & N79) and WLAN Applications
Authors: Gollamudi Naveen Kumar , Narayana Y. V. , Prasad A. Mallikharjuna
Published: July 2022

In the current work, a compact and modified hexagonal-shaped circular MIMO antenna for WLAN and 5G sub-6GHz applications is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna works in the band of 2.95 to 6.3 GHz, that covers the complete range of 5G sub: 6 GHz (N77/N78 & N79) and WLAN bands. The overall working region is obtained with isolation of greater than 15 dB. With an impedance of 50 strip line, the suggested MIMO antenna is excited using an asymmetric feeding approach. Simulated and measured results from fabricated prototypes are used to confirm the diversity and radiation performance of the proposed MIMO antenna. The diversity metric parameters ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, and MEG values demonstrate strong agreement. The construction is created on a FR4 substrate with dimensions of 20 × 34 mm2, 1.6 mm in height, and 4.4 as the constant. The structure has efficiency and gain values of above 83% and 0.2 to 3 dBi, respectively.
Effects of Long-term Climate Change on Typhoon Rainfall near Taiwan: Mindulle (2004) and Morakot (2009) with Southwesterly Monsoon Flow
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Tseng Li-Shan , Huang Chien-Chang , Chuang Pi-Yu , Su Nan-Chou , Chen Cheng-Ta , Lo Shih-How , Tsuboki Kazuhisa
Published: July 2022

Typhoons Morakot (2009) and Mindulle (2004) were two of the most-rainy and damaging typhoons to hit Taiwan on record, where both cases are associated with strong low-level southwesterly monsoon flows. To quantitatively assess the fraction of rainfall that is attributable to long-term climate change, the two storms are simulated with a cloud-resolving model (CRM) using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) methodology. For each storm, two scenarios are simulated and compared—the control run in present-day climate and the sensitivity test in past climate four decades ago, where the climate-change signal (“deltas”) is computed using global reanalysis data as the difference between 1950–1969 and 1990–2009. Being realistically reproduced by the CRM at 3-km grid size in the control run, both typhoons progress in the sensitivity test with highly similar evolution with their present-day counterpart, where background of the sensitivity run is slightly cooler and drier. Under modern climate, both Morakot and Mindulle produce more rainfall by about 5 mm per day within 300–400 km from the center during their lifespan (equal to an increase of ~4–8%) compared to their counterparts in past climate. Such results are in close agreement with previous studies, and the shift in mean daily rainfall is tested as statistically significant at a confidence level of 99.5%. The water budget analysis shows that the increased rainfall in the control run is accounted for mainly by the low-level convergence of moisture associated with both a stronger secondary circulation and a higher precipitable water amount.
Effects of single circular synthetic jet on turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Li Biao-Hui , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2022

The periodic synthetic jet emerging from a circular hole actively controls the turbulent boundary layer (TBL). A time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) system was designed to capture the velocity field database and based on the single-pixel ensemble correlation (SPEC) algorithm, an average drag reduction rate of 6.2% was obtained. The results show that the synthetic jet causes a wide range of low momentum zones and a low-speed streak in the downstream flow field. And the places where the disturbance intensity is strong are often accompanied by a larger velocity deficit. The instantaneous flow fields are visualized with the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE), and the hairpin vortex packet composed of five hairpin vortices and the generation of new hairpin vortices are observed when there is no control. Under the action of the synthetic jet, the hairpin vortices are continuously generated from the jet hole. The synthetic jet mainly achieves the drag reduction effect mainly by modulating the mean convection term and the spatial development term . The drag reduction effect appears in the region of x/δ0>0.38, and the maximum drag reduction rate is 12.2% at x/δ0=0.75, and then gradually decreased. Using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), it is found that the synthetic jet reduces the energy proportion of the large-scale energetic structures. After the conditional average, the synthetic jet limits the influence range of bursting events at various scales in the near-wall region, and weakens the normal transport of momentum and energy brought about by large-scale ejection events (Q2 events) and the wall friction resistance caused by large-scale sweep events (Q4 events).
A Comparison of the Consolidation Properties of Different Samples of Sand
Authors: Çellek Seda
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the properties of consolidation on different sand samples. The four sands were Type 1, Type 5, Type 9, And Type 13. Sand samples show that Type 1 sand comprises augite, hedenbergite, and Anorthite; Type 5 consist of Quartz, Anorthite, Muscovite; Type 9 consists of Quartz, Anorthite; and Type 13 is composed of quartz, anorthite, muscovite, and Anortheclast. Clean sand was used in the study, and grain distribution shows the poor distribution for all samples. Grain distributions were determined to aid in understanding the effects of grain size on Ec. According to this result, the original sand samples consist of fine and medium grains. Constraint elastic modulus (Ec) values were calculated for sand samples. The results obtained were analyzed, and an attempt was made to establish the effect of grain size and mineralogy on Ec values by comparison. It is seen that Ec values change for each sand sample and each compaction value. Under the load of 30 kPa, Type 1 and Type 13 sands exhibited a more stable behavior relative to Type 5 and Type 9 sands. Type 1 sand showed an Ec value of 10 for all the prepared compactions. Type 13 had the same Ec values, except for the lowest compaction. Type 5 and Type 9 displayed higher Ec values relative to the others. They also showed different values with changes in compaction.
Imaging of different crustal and mantle discontinuities below the Hyderabad, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Mandal Prantik , Gupta Sandeep , Sivaram K. , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Sudesh , Biswas Rahul , Prathigada Raju , Prasad B. N.V , Saidixit M.
Published: July 2022

To monitor seismicity, a 10-station broadband seismic network was deployed in the Hyderabad region by CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad, India, during 2020-21. The analysis of radial P receiver functions using data from this network detects conversions from five major crustal and mantle discontinuities below the region. Our CCP stacking of radial PRFs also images the nature and geometry of these seismic discontinuities viz., Moho (increase in positive amplitude at 30–40 km depths), Hales discontinuity (increase in positive amplitude at 90–120 km depths), lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) (increase in negative amplitude at 130–160 km depths), 410-km (increase in positive PRF amplitude at 410–440 km depths) and 660-km (increase in positive PRF amplitude at 620–660 km depths). Our modeling also reveals that the mean depth to the Moho, Hales discontinuity and LAB below the study region are 36, 115 and 160 km, respectively, suggesting the absence of a thick cratonic root below the EDC. We also model the differential time of the 410-km and 660-km conversions, which is found to be 24 s at most of the stations that is the same as the theoretical differential time between these two phases according to the IASP91 global reference velocity model, indicating a typical cratonic behaviour of the EDC. However, a noticeable upward movement of the 410-km discontinuity and a slight downward movement of the 660-km discontinuity below the central part of the study region is also modelled that suggests a thickening of the Mantle transition zone, which could be attributed to the presence of probable imprints of the Archean subduction below the Hyderabad, EDC, India.
The tumor characteristics, treatment strategy and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis in China and the U.S
Authors: Guan Xu , Jiao Shuai , Niu Haitao , Ma Xiaolong , Wang Kaifeng , Liu Enrui , Zhang Weiyuan , Wei Ran , Sun Peng , Chen Yinggang , Wang Xishan
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study performed an analysis of clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment strategy and survival for CRC patients with LM between China and the U.S.
Methods
The CRC patients with simultaneous LM were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry and the Chinese National Cancer Center (CNCC) database from 2010 to 2017. We assessed 3-year cancer specific survival (CSS) according to surgical treatment strategy and time period.
Results
Differences in patient age, gender, primary tumor location, tumor grade, tumor histology, tumor stage were observed between the U.S. and China. Compared to the U.S., a larger proportion of patients in China underwent both primary site resection (PSR) and hepatic resection (HR) (35.1% vs 15.6%, P < 0.001), and fewer patients underwent only PSR in China (29.1% vs 45.1%, P < 0.001). From 2010 to 2017, the proportion of patient who underwent HR has increased from 13.9–17.4% in the U.S. and from 25.4–39.4% in China. The 3-year CSS were increasing over time in both the U.S. and China. The 3-year CSS of patients receiving HR and PSR were significantly higher than those receiving only PSR and patients treated with no surgery in the U.S. and China. There were no significant differences of 3-year CSS between the U.S. and China after adjustment (P = 0.237).
Conclusions
Despite the distinctions of tumor characteristics and surgical strategy in patients with LM between the U.S. and China, increased adoption of HR has contributed to the profound improvements of survival during recent decade.
Characterizing production parameters and synergistic effect of primary sludge and food waste co-digestion
Authors: Rakić Nikola , Šušteršič Vanja , Gordić Dušan , Jovičić Nebojša , Bošković Goran , Bogdanović Ivan
Published: July 2022

Batch experiments focusing on chemical oxygen demand (COD) balance appear to be appropriate method for proofing synergetic effects of co-digestion. Inclusions of small concentration of food waste (FW) as co-substrate to primary sludge (PS) provision improved nutrient balance for microbial strain, whereby not only biogas production increases but also enhances organic reduction at the end of the digestion process. The 1/3 mixing ratio of PS/FW (volume basis) showed the optimal performance with largest COD removal rate (52.8%), reaching the highest biogas production (618.7 ml/g VS). Greatest individual growth was found to be between co-digestions 1 and 2 (105.7 ml/g VS) rather than those among mono-digestion and co-dig 1 and co-digs 2 and 3, 47.2 ml/g VS and 66.1 ml/g VS, respectively. Synergy surplus exceeded the potential achieved in single-substrate batch tests and amounted 7.1%, 12.8% and 17% of input COD for co-digs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No lag phase, uniform hydrolysis rate constant and higher biogas production rate was observed with the increase in co-substrate concentrations. Even though volume added into mixtures was relatively low, food waste contributed the most towards total biogas generation.
Integrated transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses reveal the molecular regulation of drought stress in wild strawberry (Fragaria nilgerrensis)
Authors: 曹 强 , Huang Lin , Li Jiamin , Qu Peng , Tao Pang , Zhang Ticao , Qiao Qin
Published: July 2022

Background
Fragaria nilgerrensis is a diploid wild strawberry, which is densely covered with yellow-brown sericeous on the whole plant, giving them excellent drought resistance. Hitherto, the general mechanism of drought resistance of F. nilgerrensis is unknown. We therefore investigated the drought response regulatory networks of F. nilgerrensis based on the integrated analysis of DNA methylation, transcriptome and physiological traits during four continuous time points under drought stress.
Results
The most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the corresponding physiological changes were found at 8 days (T8) compared with 0 day (T0, control). Methylome analysis revealed slight dynamic changes in genome-wide mC levels under drought conditions, while the most hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions were identified at T4 and T8. Association analysis of methylome and transcriptome revealed that genes that were not expressed in mCHG and mCHH contexts exhibited the expected hypermethylation levels, and highly expressed genes exhibited corresponding hypomethylation levels in the gene body, but CG methylation showed the opposite trend. Notably, hypomethylation was found to contribute to the increase in gene expression levels during the drought-critical period (T8). Then, the identified 835 differentially methylated and expressed genes were grouped into four clustering patterns to characterize their functions. The genes with either negative or positive correlation between methylation and gene expression were mainly associated with Kinases, ROS synthesis, scavenging, ABA signal pathway, etc. Consistently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed Hub genes including NCED, CYP707A2, PP2Cs and others that play important roles in the ABA signaling pathway.
Conclusions
F. nilgerrensis drought is dominated by ABA-dependent pathways, possibly accompanied by ABA-independent crosstalk. DNA methylation affects gene expression, although there is no common pattern or correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression on gene number. Maintaining the balance between ROS regeneration and scavenging is an important factor in drought resistance in F. nilgerrensis. These results would deepen our understanding of drought resistance and its application in breeding in strawberry.
COVID-19 Vaccine: Vaccine Acceptance, Risk Perception, and Attitude Towards Vaccination among College Students and Staff in the Southeastern Universities, Nigeria
Authors: Onwe Reuben O. , Nnaemeka Victory C. , Ekwedike Adaku L. , Ihedioha John I. , Ahamefule Chukwuemeka S. , Nnabuife Obianuju O. , Ike Anthony C.
Published: July 2022

University students occupy a strategic position in the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) as they regularly travel around different locations with differing prevalence of the disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among university staffs and students in Southeastern universities of Nigeria. Self-administered anonymous online survey was conducted between 28th February and 30th June 2021, using various online social media handles. A total of 769 students and staff members participated in the study. Descriptive statistics for socio-demographics and other parameters were performed. The relationships between tested parameters were ascertained using bivariate Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regression analyses were done to determine associations. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 23 and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% CI. The respondents were 48.1% female and 51.9% male with a mean age of 24.4 years. The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine was 25.6% and 82.2% of participants expressed concern about the side effects of the vaccine. While the age, gender and states of respondents were positively associated, their faculties were negatively associated with risk perception of COVID-19 vaccine. Also, the various faculties, university affiliations (P = 0.029), and age (P = 0.023) of the respondents were negatively associated, while the State of the respondents (P = 0.01) was positively associated with attitudes towards general COVID-19 vaccination. There is need for more robust information and better dissemination of such among the public to boost their confidence in COVID-19 vaccination.
Optimization Strategies for CNN-Based Modeling of Photonic Crystal Nanocavities
Authors: Chen Zihan , Li Renjie , Zhang Zhaoyu
Published: July 2022

The quality (Q) factor and the mode volume are the two most important properties of optical resonances realized by Photonic Crystal (PC) nanocavities. A higher Q-factor means a stronger ability of the cavity to confine optical energy inside of itself and a smaller mode volume will lead to smaller device foot- print and higher degree of integration. The traditional method to calculate the Q factor and mode volume of a PC nanocavity with a fixed design is to verify it in a simulation software. To improve the efficiency of the validation procedure, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based approach has been designed to predict these two target values. In this paper, an overview of existing predictive CNN models is provided, and the hyperparameter optimization used to improve the accuracy and correlation of predictions by the model is shown. All in all, the authors propose a possible optimization strategy for the current CNN model applied in photonics forward predictions and also provide a general framework for the hyperparameter optimization of CNNs with non-image inputs and multiple outputs.
Directed information flow during laparoscopic surgical skill acquisition dissociated skill level and medical simulation technology
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Kamat Anil , Makled Basiel , Norfleet Jack , Schwaitzberg Steven , Intes Xavier , De Suvranu
Published: July 2022

The comparison of the effects of physical and virtual reality (VR) simulators on the brain network during skill acquisition has not been well addressed. In this study, the brain network and skilled behavior relationship were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data from seven experienced right-handed surgeons and six right-handed medical students during the performance of a well-established Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) pattern of cutting tasks. Multiple regression path analysis found that the FLS performance score was statistically significantly related to the interregional directed functional connectivity from the right prefrontal cortex to the supplementary motor area with F(2, 114) = 9, p < 0.001, and R2 = 0.136. The coefficient of variation (CoV) of the FLS performance score was statistically significantly related to the CoV of the interregionally directed functional connectivity from the right primary motor cortex to the left primary motor cortex and the left primary motor cortex to the left prefrontal cortex with F(2, 22) = 3.912, p = 0.035, and R2 = 0.262. Additionally, a two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a statistically significant effect of the simulator technology on the interregional directed functional connectivity from the right prefrontal cortex to the left primary motor cortex (F(1,15) = 6.002, p = 0.027; partial η2 = 0.286). This involvement of the right prefrontal cortex is potentially related to the uncertainty that underpins FLS task performance based on skill level and medical simulator technology.
Natural Disaster Risk Assessments for Pine Honey Apiaries in Muğla, Turkey
Authors: SARI Fatih
Published: July 2022

Since Muğla province has 90% of the world's total pine honey production, ensuring efficiency and economic income requires the determination of measures for apiary locations and estimation of risks. However, ensuring development and productivity requires identifying natural disasters susceptibility such as forest fires and floods to maintain productivity. Muğla province has a high forest fire potential due to its dense forest cover and approximately 200 forest fires occur each year. Forest fires are one of the main factors that threaten apiaries, as there are a lot of apiary places (approximately 15,000) in forests for pine honey. On the other hand, due to the mountainous topography and high precipitation rate of Muğla, the province has a high rate of flood formation (20 per year), which threatens the hive sites by destroying the entire colony. In this study, Apiary Locations Risk Index (ALRI) was carried out to guide the insurance process for apiary locations by applying the Forest Fire Risk Index (FFRI) and the Flood Hazard Risk Index (FHRI). Determination of forest fire risk zones and flood hazard maps requires environmental, forestry, topographic, economic and meteorological parameters to be handled within a decision support platform. For this purpose, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique supported by Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in the creation of sensitivity maps. As a result, 1533.40 ha (11.82%) of the study area was determined as extremely risky areas for apiary areas. The results were confirmed with 1454 forest fire sites and 20 flood hazard sites where the Eşen, Dalaman, Çine, Sarıçay, Akçay, Kamiişdere and Namnam rivers were stated to be highly susceptible to flood hazard.
WHEN BORDERS BLURRED: A SAMPLE OF DEMARCATION PROCESS OF THE COMMON FORESTS IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: AKAN YETİŞİR Zeynep
Published: July 2022

In 16 January 1905 the village headman of the Kaymarofça (Priştine) and two members of the village councile wrote a petition to Inspectorship of Rumeli Province on behalf of village people, and lodged a complaint with neighbouring villagers of Kraçiçe (Prezrin) along of their encroachment to the village coppice. This was an usual plaint at first blush, however the actual situation was more complex for the case was intervened two different offices: the courts and local councils. In such a context, I propose that to whom belongs village forests and how their borders define in case of controversy constituted main tensions between neighbouring villages. In this paper, on the basis of a conflict story, I will first discuss the problem of jurisdictional question in the Ottoman Empire concerning village forests. Secondly, I will scrutinize the process of trial and demarcation, by focusing on their actors, methods and potential outcomes.
Active damping control of HEVs using Ansys and Matlab/Simulink software
Authors: Kassa Mersha Tewodros , Du Changqing
Published: July 2022

This paper presents Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) powertrain design as well as a motor-based control approach that is designed to control or reduce driveline oscillations by introducing a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and a Fuzzy logic sliding mode controller. Because the torque of the electric motor can be decreased or increased more quickly than that of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), the vibration increases significantly. To solve this problem, an electric motor control-based Active Damping Control (ADC) strategy is employed to assure smooth driveline function and provide seamless driving experience for the driver. First, the basic level modeling of a hybrid electric powertrain in Ansys Simplorer environment is created and the performance was studied during the certification drive cycle. Thus, the main components of the powertrain– traction motor, battery and ICE – are researched, and basic models were built. The components were developed based on the Ansys software by using an automotive system level behavioral HEV library with VHDL-AMS language built in Ansys Simplorer environment. In addition, comparison of both controllers was presented. The simulation results show that using the ADC reduces more than 30 % of the driveline oscillations, thereby improving the drivability of HEVs.
A novel hybrid framework based on the ANFIS, discrete wavelet transform, and optimization algorithm for the estimation of water quality parameters
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mojtaba , Farzin Saeed
Published: July 2022

Improving the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms is essential for accurately estimating water quality parameters (WQPs). For the first time, a novel hybrid framework, namely the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system–discrete wavelet transform–gradient-based optimization (ANFIS–DWT–GBO), for estimation of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS), is used. Before estimating WQPs, the performance of the ANFIS–DWT–GBO is proven by several benchmark data sets. In addition, three benchmark algorithms, including ANFIS, ANFIS–DWT, and ANFIS–GBO, are used to demonstrate the strength of the novel framework. The principal component analysis (PCA) method determines the best input combination in EC and TDS estimation. The consequences show that the ANFIS–DWT–GBO produces very successful and competitive results in benchmark data sets modeling and WQPs estimation compared to other algorithms. This result is due to the simultaneous use of DWT and optimization algorithm in the proposed framework. DWT can process WQP data before applying it to the algorithms. The GBO is utilized to optimize the hyperfine parameters in the ANFIS. The results show that the highest accuracy of estimating EC and TDS is in Mollasani and Gotvand stations, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R) value in the Mollasani station is 0.99, and in the Gotvand station it is 0.98.
Endocrine-disruptor endpoints in the ovary and thyroid of adult female rats exposed to realistic doses of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Authors: Jebara Amel , Beltifa Asma , Di Bella Guissepa , Mabrouk Lotfi , Ben Mansour Hedi
Published: July 2022

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the world's most widely used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizer and is used in virtually every category of flexible PVC. In fact, DEHP is extensively used in food cosmetics and medical packaging. It has become a serious problem in recent years. DEHP can be absorbed into the human body through the air, food, water, and skin. The current study involved intraperitoneal injection of DEHP dissolved in corn oil once daily for 21 consecutive days to investigate the effects of DEHP on the thyroid and the reproductive system in female rats. Results show that ovarian hormones (progesterone and estrogen) decreased significantly in the rats treated with DEHP compared to control. This result is supported by the alteration of folliculogenesis, the decrease of the follicles viability, and the apoptosis of the granulosa cells observed on histological sections of ovary and thyroid in female rats exposed to low doses of DEHP. Histopathological study revealed that DEHP could damage thyroid tissue and disrupt these functions. We also observed cellular damage, particularly in the liver cells, and a significant increase in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the control group.
Simulation-optimization model for groundwater replenishment from the river: a case study in the Hutuo River alluvial fan, China
Authors: Zhang Pengwei , Hao Qichen , Fei Yuhong , Li Yasong , Zhu Yuchen , Li Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

Ecological water replenishment (EWR) has been widely implemented for the restoration of the groundwater resources in the North China Plain since 2018, and the Hutuo River is one of the typical rivers. Recovering the groundwater storage capacity while ensuring the safety of the existing land use is essential for groundwater management. To simulate the groundwater response to different recharge schemes, and to determine the optimal recharge strategy that has the maximum amount of water recharged into the aquifers under specific constraints, an optimization framework, which integrates a 3D transient groundwater flow model with a genetic algorithm (GA), was realized in a Python programming environment in this study. The optimization results show that the optimal amount of water recharged into aquifers is 5.36 × 109 m3 from January 2020 to December 2029, and the upper river reaches are the main recharge area, accounting for 67.58% of the total. Compared with constant recharge, optimal results indicate that the total amount of water recharged into aquifers will increase without exceeding the upper limits of the groundwater levels. However, as groundwater exploitation reduces (18.44%), the river's optimal amount of water recharged also decreases (17.23%). Therefore, the developed model can identify the optimal groundwater recharge strategy and eventually facilitate decision-making in the case of EWR.
Enhanced electro-Fenton degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution using a self-supported BiOCl/CF cathode
Authors: Kuai Jiangshan , Geng Xiusen , Ren Xiaohua , Guo Weilin
Published: July 2022

The cathode material is critical to the yield of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electro-Fenton (EF) performance. In this work, bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) as one of the representatives of ternary oxides was grown in situ on carbon felt (CF) through a simple solvothermal method and employed directly as a self-standing cathode for the EF degradation of the target contaminant tetracycline (TC). TC can be almost completely degraded, up to 95% in 90 min under the heterogeneous EF process. The characterizations demonstrated that the BiOCl/CF electrode exhibited excellent conductivity due to CF as the supporting carbon material with a 3D network structure; meanwhile, this hybrid electrode also possessed abundant active sites attributed to the decorated BiOCl having rich oxygen defects. Finally, the rational reaction mechanism of TC was also elucidated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum, free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, in which hydroxyl radicals () were considered as the dominant active oxidants and BiOCl had a synergistic effect on in-situ generation and decomposition of H2O2.

HIGHLIGHTS A BiOCl/CF composite electrode was prepared via a simple solvothermal method. Oxygen defects enriched BiOCl and bare carbon felt cathode had a synergistic effect on H2O2 production. Lattice oxygen reduced Bi3+ to Bi0, facilitating the formation of by in situ reaction of hydrogen peroxide with Bi0. was the main radical in catalytic degradation of tetracycline.
Regulatory Mechanism of lncRNA CTBP1-AS2 in Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via the miR-140-5p/BMP2 Axis
Authors: Huang Bo , Li Yiliang , Deng Zhuoxia , Lan Guiping , Si Yongfeng , Zhou Qiao
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell carcinoma. LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 (CTBP1-AS2) has effects on tumor cell growth. This study explored the mechanism of CTBP1-AS2 on NPC cells.

Methods:

CTBP1-AS2 expressions in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NP69) and 6 human NPC cells were detected by RT-qPCR, and SUNE-1/CNE-1 cells with relative high/low expressions were selected. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry. The binding sites between CTBP1-AS2 and miR-140-5p, and miR-140-5p and BMP2 were predicted and the binding relationships were verified by dual-luciferase assay. BMP2 level was detected by Western blot. miR-140-5p was silenced or BMP2 was overexpressed in SUNE-1 cells with si-CTBP1-AS2 to study the effects of miR-140-5p and BMP2 on CTBP1-AS2 silencing-inhibited malignant behaviors.

Results and Discussion:

CTBP1-AS2 was upregulated in NPC cells. CTBP1-AS2 silencing suppressed NPC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. CTBP1-AS2 silencing in SUNE-1 cells raised miR-140-5p expression and repressed BMP2 level. CTBP1-AS2 overexpression in CNE-1 cells suppressed miR-140-5p expression and elevated BMP2 levels. In mechanism, miR-140-5p overexpression decreased BMP2 levels, reduced the NPC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. miR-140-5p knockdown or BMP2 overexpression enhanced NPC cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, thus restoring NPC cell malignant behaviors inhibited by silencing CTBP1-AS2.

Conclusion:

CTBP1-AS2 decreased miR-140-5p-induced BMP2 inhibition via functioning as a ceRNA of miR-140-5p and promoted BMP2 expression, thereby promoting NPC cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis.
Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, a Novel Psychotropic Drug and its Possible Use in Treating Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Diep Phuoc-Tan , Carter Sue , Carbone Manuel Glauco
Published: July 2022

Background:

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic
nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in
the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking
social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system
has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several
neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Methods:

With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation
of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different
neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of the art.
We carried out this work through the PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms:
1) “oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders”; 2) “oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders”;
3) “oxytocin and anorexia”; 4) “oxytocin and eating disorders”; 5) “oxytocin and obsessive-
compulsive disorder”; 6) “oxytocin and schizophrenia”; 7) “oxytocin and depression”; 8)
“oxytocin and bipolar disorder”; 9) “oxytocin and psychosis”; 10) “oxytocin and anxiety”; 11)
“oxytocin and personality disorder”; 12) “oxytocin and PTSD”.

Results:

Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications
in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations
would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders
belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration
has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions.

Conclusion:

Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in a
patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative
and immunoregulatory properties.
Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Tuli Hardeep Singh , Sak Katrin , Iqubal Ashif , Choudhary Renuka , Adhikary Shubham , Kaur Ginpreet , Kumar Pawan , Garg Vivek Kumar
Published: July 2022

Malignant melanoma is one of the most worrisome malignancies due to its fast dissemination and
early formation of metastases in multiple sites throughout the body. Despite the intensive efforts made in the
last decades, the use of standard therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not led to
a substantial improvement in clinical outcomes, mainly because of the intrinsic resistance of melanomas to these
treatment modalities. Therefore, in recent years, numerous studies have focused on the possibility of boosting
the clinical responses of melanoma patients by using novel immunotherapeutic agents. In this review article,
a comprehensive survey is presented about the approved immunotherapeutic drugs and their action mechanisms,
besides describing the agents that are currently still in clinical trials. Moreover, the combination of immunotherapeutic
drugs with conventional approaches, i.e., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, is
another focal point of this review, providing valuable input for further elaboration of the best treatment regimens
to prolong survival and improve the quality of life of melanoma patients.
Current Drug Targeting using siRNA-based Nano Therapeutics for Pulmonary
Diseases
Authors: Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran , Kandasamy Ruckmani
Published: July 2022

The importance of siRNA in nano drug delivery systems to target important pulmonary disorders,
such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and others, is reviewed in this
perspective. The great majority of lung illnesses are caused by protein misfolding. As a result, siRNA-based
therapies are increasingly being used to target the gene. Given the difficulties of delivering bare siRNA, siRNA
protection may ensure its efficacy in gene therapy. These issues could be solved with a nano-based siRNA
delivery systems. In this context, a siRNA-based nanocarrier for major pulmonary disorders has been explored.
TIPE2 Inhibits Migration and Promotes Apoptosis as a Tumor Suppressor
in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Juan , Pan Xinliang , Yang Xiaoqi , Zhang Minfa , Su Tongdong , Tang Shuangmei , Wang Yin , Liu Heng , Wang Pin
Published: July 2022

Background:

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a common malignant
cancer characterized by high metastasis and infiltration. The development of new approaches for the
early diagnosis and identification of new therapeutic targets is essential. TIPE2 is well known as a tumor
suppressor and related to a favorable prognosis of HSCC. However, its underlying mechanism
remains unclear.

Methods and Materials:

TIPE2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.
A TIPE2 overexpression stable cell line was generated by lentivirus infection. TIPE2 and other related
protein levels were detected by western blotting. The cell cycle and apoptosis were performed by flow
cytometric analysis. Cell proliferation was measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and
the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-7 was assessed by Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay. All data were analyzed
with SPSS 25 and GraphPad Prism 8.0.

Results:

TIPE2 expression was significantly down-regulated in HSCC. Low TIPE2 expression may be
associated with poor prognosis in HSCC. TIPE2 overexpression markedly inhibited tumor cell migration.
Moreover, TIPE2 decreased cell proliferation but promoted apoptosis. TIPE2 suppressed tumor
growth by activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Conclusion:

TIPE2 inhibited tumor progression by suppressing cell migration but promoting apoptosis.
TIPE2 can be a new therapeutic target in HSCC.
Impact of Azo Dyes and Ibuprofen on the Proteome of Serratia nematodiphila
sp. MB307
Authors: Yasmin Azra , Basharat Zarrin , Moon Kyung-Mee , Foster Leonard J.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Micropollutants comprise organic/mineral substances that cause an undesirable
impact on the environment, by affecting life at all scales. In this study, we explored the changes
they impart on the global proteome of a soil bacterium Serratia nematodiphila MB307, for two classes
of pollutants, i.e., Azo dyes (Methyl orange, Congo red) and a pharmaceutical (Ibuprofen).

Methods:

The 100 μg pollutant supplemented alteration of pure S. nematodiphila MB307 culture after
24 hours of incubation at 37 oC and its control was analyzed using a differential proteomics approach.
MaxQuant software with the Perseus package was used for data analysis purposes.

Results:

Prominently, ribosomal proteins and chaperones were up or downregulated in the whole cell
and membranous fraction.

Conclusion:

This illustrates dynamic protein production adaptation of bacteria, to cope with stress and
cell growth/division trade-off for survival. A collective pattern of survival under stress or pollution
resistance could not be decrypted for all classes of pollutants, portraying dissimilar mechanisms of
coping with differently structured pollutant moieties.