bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal MML-1/MXL-2 regulates systemic aging via glutamate transporter and cell nonautonomous autophagic and peroxidase activity
Authors: Shioda Tatsuya , Takahashi Ittetsu , Ikenaka Kensuke , Fujita Naonobu , Kanki Tomotake , Oka Toshihiko , Mochizuki Hideki , Antebi Adam , Yoshimori Tamotsu , Nakamura Shuhei
Published: September 2023

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the presence of intertissue-communication regulating systemic aging, but the underlying molecular network has not been fully explored. We and others previously showed that two basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, MML-1 and HLH-30, are required for lifespan extension in several longevity paradigms, including germlinelessCaenorhabditis elegans. However, it is unknown what tissues these factors target to promote longevity. Here, using tissue-specific knockdown experiments, we found that MML-1 and its heterodimer partners MXL-2 and HLH-30 act primarily in neurons to extend longevity in germlineless animals. Interestingly, however, the downstream cascades of MML-1 in neurons were distinct from those of HLH-30. Neuronal RNA interference (RNAi)-based transcriptome analysis revealed that the glutamate transporter GLT-5 is a downstream target of MML-1 but not HLH-30. Furthermore, the MML-1-GTL-5 axis in neurons is critical to prevent an age-dependent collapse of proteostasis and increased oxidative stress through autophagy and peroxidase MLT-7, respectively, in long-lived animals. Collectively, our study revealed that systemic aging is regulated by a molecular network involving neuronal MML-1 function in both neural and peripheral tissues.
Millennial-scale variability of the Antarctic ice sheet during the early Miocene
Authors: Sullivan Nicholas B. , Meyers Stephen R. , Levy Richard H. , McKay Robert M. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Cortese Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Millennial-scale ice sheet variability (1–15 kyr periods) is well documented in the Quaternary, providing insight into critical atmosphere–ocean–cryosphere interactions that can inform the mechanism and pace of future climate change. Ice sheet variability at similar frequencies is comparatively less known and understood prior to the Quaternary during times, where higher atmosphericpCO2and warmer climates prevailed, and continental-scale ice sheets were largely restricted to Antarctica. In this study, we evaluate a high-resolution clast abundance dataset (ice-rafted debris) that captures East Antarctic ice sheet variability in the western Ross Sea during the early Miocene. This dataset is derived from a 100 m-thick mudstone interval in the ANtarctic DRILLing (ANDRILL or AND) core 2A, which preserves a record of precession and eccentricity variability. The sedimentation rates are of appropriate resolution to also characterize the signature of robust, subprecession cyclicity. Strong sub-precession (~10 kyr) cyclicity is observed, with an amplitude modulation in lockstep with eccentricity, indicating a relationship between high-frequency Antarctic ice sheet dynamics and astronomical forcing. Bicoherence analysis indicates that many of the observed millennial-scale cycles (as short as 1.2 kyr) are associated with nonlinear interactions (combination or difference tones) between each other and the Milankovitch cycles. The presence of these cycles during the Miocene reveals the ubiquity of millennial-scale ice sheet variability and sheds light on the interactions between Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and ice in climates warmer than the Quaternary.
Widespread use of proton-pumping rhodopsin in Antarctic phytoplankton
Authors: Andrew Sarah M. , Moreno Carly M. , Plumb Kaylie , Hassanzadeh Babak , Gomez-Consarnau Laura , Smith Stephanie N. , Schofield Oscar , Yoshizawa Susumu , Fujiwara Takayoshi , Sunda William G. , Hopkinson Brian M. , Septer Alecia N. , Marchetti Adrian
Published: September 2023

Photosynthetic carbon (C) fixation by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays a critical role in regulating air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide and thus global climate. In the SO, photosynthesis (PS) is often constrained by low iron, low temperatures, and low but highly variable light intensities. Recently, proton-pumping rhodopsins (PPRs) were identified in marine phytoplankton, providing an alternate iron-free, light-driven source of cellular energy. These proteins pump protons across cellular membranes through light absorption by the chromophore retinal, and the resulting pH energy gradient can then be used for active membrane transport or for synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. Here, we show that PPR is pervasive in Antarctic phytoplankton, especially in iron-limited regions. In a model SO diatom, we found that it was localized to the vacuolar membrane, making the vacuole a putative alternative phototrophic organelle for light-driven production of cellular energy. Unlike photosynthetic C fixation, which decreases substantially at colder temperatures, the proton transport activity of PPR was unaffected by decreasing temperature. Cellular PPR levels in cultured SO diatoms increased with decreasing iron concentrations and energy production from PPR photochemistry could substantially augment that of PS, especially under high light intensities, where PS is often photoinhibited. PPR gene expression and high retinal concentrations in phytoplankton in SO waters support its widespread use in polar environments. PPRs are an important adaptation of SO phytoplankton to growth and survival in their cold, iron-limited, and variable light environment.
The {bei+verb+jiangqu} construction in pre-twelfth century Chinese
Authors: Sun Jianqiang
Published: September 2023

The Chinese string composed of {bei 被 + verb + jiang 將 + qu 去} is a rare, unique, unproductive, informal usage which, to date, has remained virtually unexplored. The present paper attempts to sketch its pre-twelfth century evolution by analyzing examples collected from various sources, but now from sources digitalized by CBETA (
Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association
). This paper begins by investigating the constituents in order to determine a core structure. It argues that jiang and qu are not two discrete elements but one single unit, reanalyzed in a new formula, {bei + verb + jiangqu} to replace the traditional notation {bei + verb + jiang + qu}.

Regarding the evolution of this collocation, the paper periodizes four stages of development. (1) The earliest examples appear in the fifth century, and they are of the {bei + verb₁ + verb₂ (+ verb₃)} order, in which jiangqu occupies either the second or third verbal slot. (2) Seventh century examples are showing signs of change, allowing, for the first time, an agent to be inserted between bei and the verb. (3) The eighth century witnesses a radical usage shift in which jiangqu has been demoted to a SIFE (“Semantically Impoverished Functional Element”), resulting in a new passive order {bei + verb + SIFE}. (4) The evolution continues in the ninth through eleventh centuries, becoming more complex, though somewhat dormant. This paper thus contributes to discussion of an understudied and thorny topic: How to segment short strings of Chinese characters. A few guidelines are suggested, and it is noted that some strings consisting of “verb, jiang, and qu” have been wrongly dissected: {verb + jiang + qu} must be rendered {verb + jiangqu}.
The drama of dialogue action in distinct discourse spaces
Authors: Chłopicki Władysław
Published: September 2023

The article addresses the issue of intracultural dialogue between two strong political mindsets, liberal and
conservative. This polarization is typical of contemporary cultural divides and emerges in the public sphere through mass media,
often finding its outlet through humour, which may be treated as a mediating factor. It will be discussed on the example of a
popular Polish humorous talk show broadcast on the public TV channel as compared to one broadcast on commercial television. The
central finding of the study, seemingly replicable for other languages and television cultures, is the discovery of the central
item on the discursive agenda, i.e., a worldview hiding in the conservative epistemic stance that assumes the authority of the
journalists running the show.
How to break a norm and get away with it
Authors: Yu Jing
Published: September 2023

Norm conformity and violation constitute two sides of norm operation: the former maintains the stability of the
system while the latter motivates its modification, evolution, and change. While previous studies have concentrated on the
constraints of norms in translators’ behaviour and their conformity to them, few have examined norm violation, especially why
translators choose violation over conformity and how they get away with the violation. This study explores motivation and risk
management concerning norm violation based on a case study of two Chinese translators who violated the norm of standard Chinese
and got away with it when translating a dialect in the source text. The case study shows norm violation is the result of an
optimal trade-off between translators’ reward-seeking behaviour and risk management in their negotiation with multiple conflicting
norms, rather than an abnormal behaviour involving negative consequences, as suggested in previous studies. Whether one can get
away with the violation is often related to its impact on the system. The study contributes to norm studies by illuminating the
complexity of norm-governed behaviours and norm violation, offering new insights on norm dynamics and risk management in
translation.
Free Energy, Stability, and Particle Source in Dynamical Holography
Authors: Tian 田 Yu 雨 , Wu 吴 Xiao-Ning 小宁 , Zhang 张 Hongbao 宏宝
Published: September 2023

We study dynamical holographic systems and the relation between thermodynamical and dynamical stability of such systems, using the conserved currents in the bulk spacetime. In particular, in the probe limit a generalized free energy is defined with the property of monotonic decreasing in dynamic processes. It is then shown that the (absolute) thermodynamical stability implies the dynamical stability, while the linear dynamical stability implies the thermodynamical (meta-)stability. The holographic superfluid is taken as an example to illustrate our general formalism, where the dynamic evolution of the system in contact with a particle source is clarified by theoretical investigation and numerical verification. The case going beyond the probe limit is also discussed.
Research on coal gangue recognition method based on XBS-YOLOv5s
Authors: Yang Yuhao , Li Deyong , Guo Yongcun , Wang Shuang , Zhao Dongyang , Chen Wei , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problems of misdetection, omission and low recognition accuracy of coal gangue recognition due to the harsh environmental factors such as low illumination, motion blur and large quantities of coal gangue mixing in coal mines, a coal gangue recognition method based on XBS-YOLOv5s is proposed. Simulate the actual underground production environment to build a machine vision platform, construct a coal gangue image data set, and provide a test environment for various target detection algorithms. In this paper, we construct a real-time detection model of coal gangue in the complex environment of coal mine by fusing SimAM parameter-free attention mechanism, BiFPN feature fusion network and XIoU loss function in YOLOv5s, so as to improve the model’s ability of extracting, fusing and localizing key features of the target. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of XBS-YOLOv5s algorithm for coal gangue in the complex environment of low illumination, motion blur and large quantities of coal gangue mixed are effectively improved. Its mean average precision reaches 96%, which is 4.3% higher than the original YOLOv5s algorithm, meanwhile, compared with other YOLO series algorithms, it has the best comprehensive detection performance, which can provide technical support for intelligent and efficient sorting of coal gangue.
Solving the issue of increasing forming voltage during device miniaturization in hafnium oxide-based resistive access memory using high-k sidewall material
Authors: Yang Fei , He Zijian , Liu Bingkun , Hu Bo , Lou Shilong , Li Duogui , Wang Wentao
Published: September 2023

An electrothermal coupling model of resistive random access memory (RRAM) was established based on the oxygen vacancy conduction mechanism. By resolving the partial differential equation for the coefficients, the variation process of the device resistance was simulated. In our studies, a device model was proposed which can accurately simulate the whole process of RRAM forming, reset, and set. Based on the established model, a new high dielectric constant (high-k) material (La2O3) is introduced as the sidewall material. The La2O3 sidewall material can concentrate the electric field and helps to speed up the formation of conductive filaments. The La2O3 sidewall can effectively reduce the forming voltage increase during the miniaturization process. Then, the influence of sidewall thermal conductivity on forming voltage is studied, and it is discovered that low thermal conductivity helps to reduce the model’s forming voltage and increase the temperature concentration. These findings serve as a foundation for more studies on the choice of sidewall materials.
Speed limits and locality in many-body quantum dynamics
Authors: (Anthony) Chen Chi-Fang , Lucas Andrew , Yin Chao
Published: September 2023

We review the mathematical speed limits on quantum information processing in many-body systems. After the proof of the Lieb–Robinson Theorem in 1972, the past two decades have seen substantial developments in its application to other questions, such as the simulatability of quantum systems on classical or quantum computers, the generation of entanglement, and even the properties of ground states of gapped systems. Moreover, Lieb–Robinson bounds have been extended in non-trivial ways, to demonstrate speed limits in systems with power-law interactions or interacting bosons, and even to prove notions of locality that arise in cartoon models for quantum gravity with all-to-all interactions. We overview the progress which has occurred, highlight the most promising results and techniques, and discuss some central outstanding questions which remain open. To help bring newcomers to the field up to speed, we provide self-contained proofs of the field’s most essential results.
Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Coatings for Power Industry Applications – process parameters optimization study
Authors: Houdková Š , Šulcová P , Lencová K , Česánek Z , Švantner M
Published: September 2023

TWAS technology is established and widely used in practice for spraying metal alloy-based coatings, benefiting from the low cost of the device and the mobility, enabling the application of the coatings even on large structures without the need for disassembly. TWAS coatings properties and performance depends not only on the chosen type of the material but also on the deposition process parameters, which must be carefully chosen so that the properties of the resulting coating meet expectations. This paper presents the results of the spraying parameters optimization study, obtained using the multiparametric regression statistic model. 16 different composition of metal wires were included in the study. The results of the statistical analysis are supported by the microstructural analysis, carried out using optical microscopy. The compressed air pressure and the current were identified as significant variable, influencing the coating hardness and deposition rate.
Aluminium oxide grid blasting: grid size and blasting pressure influence on the substrate surface contamination, roughness and ceramic plasma spray coating adhesion strength
Authors: Antoš J , Duliškovič J , Bejblíková S
Published: September 2023

This paper concerns influence of grit blasting parameters (grid blast media size and blasting pressure) on blasted surface contamination by entrapped grid blast particles and roughness of a blasted mild steel surface and a subsequent influence of given surface specifications on a thermal spray coating adhesion strength. Main goal of an experiment presented in this paper is basic optimization of grid size of alumina oxide blasting medium and blasting pressure in order to reduce surface contamination by grid residues trapped on the surface. Those residues are known to cause reduction in adherent forces between coating and blasted substrate, functioning as major stress concentrators especially under high mechanical and/or temperature loads. Mutual relations between grid size and blasting pressure as input parameters, and surface contamination, surface roughness and adhesion of an atmospheric plasma sprayed ceramic coating is evaluated. It was found that higher surface roughness does not necessarily lead to higher adhesion of thermally sprayed coating. The resulting adhesion strength seems to be determined by the synergistic effect of the suitable roughness profile, residual blasting particles and feedstock particle size of the deposited coating. This is supported by the observed highest adhesions (around 22 MPa) of ceramic alumina-titania APS coating to the surface with lowest measured roughness (as low as Ra 2.7) but also the lowest contamination level by blasting residues (4.6 to 6.7 %).
Quality verification of Cold spray protection of the weld root
Authors: Veselá J , Mareš P , Špirit Z , Brom J
Published: September 2023

Cold spray technology (CS) as an advanced surface treatment can also be applied in the field of energy. Depending on the type of spraying, the coating itself plays the role of protecting the surface from corrosion, abrasion and other operational influences. In the case of dissimilar metal welds (DMW), it can play the role of protection against stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The thickness of the applied spray can range from tens of microns to units of mm. The quality of NiCr and Ni protective coatings made by CS technology was tested by means of non-destructive (NDT) and destructive (DT) testing. NDT focused on measuring the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal, measuring the thickness of the applied coatings and the adhesion to the base material using pulsed echo (PEUT) and phased array (PAUT) ultrasonic testing techniques. Evaluation of the microstructure, porosity and corrosion stability of CS coatings before and after the salt spray test was performed metallographically.
Mechanical and physical aspects of the theory of interaction between a crusher hammer and an air-grain layer
Authors: Bespoldenov R V , Ya Fedorenko I , Zemlyanukhina T N , Shevtsova L I , Polkovnikova M V , Ishkov A V
Published: September 2023

When crushing various raw materials of mineral, vegetable and animal origin hammer crushers of various designs are widely used, in which the rotor with hammers attached to it can be located both horizontally and vertically. During the operation of a hammer crusher with a vertical axis, a stable air-grain layer is formed near its deck, upon contact with which the crusher hammers wear out, and the wear itself depends on the contact stresses acting in the layer and the path (stay time) of the hammers in it. The problem posed is similar to the well-known problem of applied physics about a rotating disk, with the difference that tensile stresses act on the disk, and compressive stresses act on the air-grain one. The article obtained a theoretical expression for the linear wear of the crusher hammer, which depends on the characteristics of the layer, the properties of the crushed material and the grinding time, and in a complex way - from the distance from the edge of the hammer to the axis of its suspension. A comparison of the theoretical wear curves with the real outlines of worn hammers shows their identity.
Application of spectroscopy to develop methods for obtaining carotenoid-containing dyes
Authors: Astanov Salih , Kasimova Guzal , Fayzullayev Askar
Published: September 2023

It has been experimentally established that spectroscopic methods can be used to create a technological process condition for the development of methods for obtaining natural dyes used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is shown that the use of spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain coloring pigments rich in biologically active molecules, vitamin preparations and vital elements potassium, Ca, Fe, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavones. The developed method can also improve the technology of obtaining products with high qualities with increased shelf life. The composition of the final product does not allow starch, herbicides, inorganic compounds that lead to obesity of the body.
Investigations of the formation of nanosized objects in manganese implanted silicon single crystals by the methods of Raman scattering of light and atomic force microscopy
Authors: Arzikulov E U , Salakhitdinov F A , Kholmurodov F , Tashboev M D
Published: September 2023

This article presents the results of experimental studies on the formation of nanosized objects in single crystals of silicon ion-implanted with manganese ions with an energy of 40 keV at various doses. The formation of nanosized objects was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). It was found that in the Raman spectrum of non-implanted samples there are peaks with a wave number of 520 cm-1 characteristic of pure silicon associated with the crystalline phase and satellites with frequencies 301 cm-1, and 971 cm-1. The band with a wave number of 971 cm-1 corresponds to the main band of the tetrahedral bond in silicon. The intensity of this peak depends on the sample thickness. When the sample thickness changes from 200 μm to 3 mm, the intensity of this peak decreases by almost two times. And in the Raman spectra of ion-implanted samples, several bands with different intensities are observed, and their number and intensity strongly depend on the implantation dose. It has been suggested that the observed peaks are possibly associated with radiation defects and nanosized formations. This assumption was verified using AFM investigation. The AFM images show various nanosized objects, apparently associated with manganese ions.
Analysis of the dynamics of a belt conveyor with composite guide rollers and elastic elements
Authors: Djuraev A , Jumaev A S , Ibragimova N I , Turdaliyeva M Y
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the dynamics of a belt conveyor with composite guide rollers with elastic elements. The patterns of movement of the driving and driven drums and the drive motor of the conveyor are obtained based on the analysis of the constructed graphical dependences of the parameters of the belt conveyor. The recommended values of the elastic-dissipative, inertial and kinematic parameters of the system are selected.
Fabrication of multi-compartmental vesicles via RAFT method in polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Kadirkhanov Jamshid , Yusupov Muzafar
Published: September 2023

Synthetic polymer nanomaterials have sparked considerable attention because to their use in a wide range of fields, including medication delivery, sensors, nano reactors, and catalytic supports. A popular approach for creating polymer nanoparticles is self-assembly of block copolymers in a diluted solution. Generally, the preparation of fine structural nanoparticles involves several steps, including the synthesis of block copolymers, exhausting purification to obtain perfect block copolymers, diluting the obtained block copolymers in a suitable solvent, and then cautiously replacing the decent solutes with a selective solvent. Furthermore, typical polymer nano-object manufacturing is frequently done in high dilution (concentration is usually below 1%). The procedure for producing block copolymers and allowing them to self-assemble is combined into one stage by polymerization-induced self-assembly, which significantly streamlines the creation of polymeric nanostructures and enables the fabrication of such materials at high concentrations (solid concentrations of 10–50%). This work used styrene as the monomer, E/W at a weight ratio of 7:3 as the solvent, and polyethylene glycol (PEG45-PETTC) as the macro-RAFT reagent to successfully create multi-chambered vesicles.
The type of current carriers in defective manganese sulfide and with cationic substitution by samarium ions
Authors: Sitnikov M N , Kharkov A M , Aplesnin S S
Published: September 2023

IR spectra and electrical resistance of defective manganese sulfide with the substitution of manganese ions with samarium ions in the of 80-500 K are investigated. The maxima of the temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and anomalies of conductivity are attributed to spin and lattice polarons. Absorption bands have been found in the IR spectra, that due to oscillations of octahedra and lattice polarons. From the Hall measurements, the type of current carriers, concentration and mobility of hole and electrons are estimated.
Precession of magnetic moments with change of their orientations
Authors: Zhumaev M R , Sharipov M Z , Rizokulov M N
Published: September 2023

In the work the precession of the magnetization vector in nano-sized magnets is induced by a femtosecond laser pulse, the frequency of which lies in the transparency region of the magnet material. It is shown that an alternating magnetic field applied to the XOY plane generates the magnetic equilibrium position vectors and elliptical precession occurs if a constant magnetic field acts along the Z axis. In this case the precession angle changes periodically in time and the precession frequency is determined by the amplitude of the total magnetic field.
Analysis and computational research of line parameters of the spinning line of ring spinning machines
Authors: Dadakhanov Nurilla
Published: September 2023

The main task of the technological process in existing spinning systems in the processing of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers into yarn is to obtain a ribbon, rovings and yarn uniform in structure and properties by folding and drawing. The article studies analytical dependences for calculating the angle of flow around the exhaust cylinder by the lobe on the spinning line of ring spinning machines. Analysis of the results of the experiment allows us to conclude that ensuring a constant clamping of the straps in the exhaust zone reduces the unevenness of the product during stretching.
The advance of underdetermined linear regression optimization based on implicit bias
Authors: Liu Jinze
Published: September 2023

The gradient descent method has the characteristics of easy realization and simple structure. The traditional gradient descent method has many advantages, especially in solving convex optimization problems. In recent years, some researchers have noticed that the gradient descent algorithm is helpful to solve the problem of underdetermined linear regression optimization. Therefore, in order to explore the specific relationship between gradient descent and under-determined linear regression optimization, this paper focuses on a case with a unique finite root loss function and discusses in detail the working principles of the natural-gradient-descent, mirror-descent, and gradient-descent in this case, and proves the auxiliary effect of gradient descent on under-determined linear regression optimization theoretically. How to use the characteristics of the gradient descent algorithm to design a suitable model, and how do we use the idea of the gradient descent algorithm to find an answer for problem of under determined linear regression optimization in the practical application will be the future research work to continue to advance.
Bird audio recognition based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Danyu
Published: September 2023

Audio-based bird identification systems have proven particularly useful for biodiversity monitoring and education. Accurate understanding of the identity, geographical distribution and variation of birds is essential for the sustainable development of humans and the conservation of biodiversity. This paper establishes a bird audio recognition based on convolutional neural network model, using the programming software pycharm, with pytorch as the neural network framework, through the processing and recognition of collected bird audio, to overcome the problem of low audio recognition efficiency and poor effect.
Semantic road segmentation based on adapted Poly-YOLO
Authors: Huang Zhongming
Published: September 2023

With artificial intelligence continuing to change people’s everyday life in profound ways, the desire to endow vehicles with the ability to drive autonomously has emerged for years. Thus, autonomous driving has become a popular field. The autonomous driving task can be divided into three general procedures: perception, planning, and locomotion. The first and foremost part of these general procedures is the perception task. Among those perception methods, the most prevailing one is semantic segmentation, which is annotating and predicting the object located at the pixel level, meaning nearly all pixels should be classified into certain categories. However, this method provides enough accuracy while bringing a considerable computational burden. Thus, implementing real-time road semantic segmentation on autonomous driving vehicles is still a costly task. In this paper, an adapted model improved upon the Poly-YOLO baseline model is proposed, which is a well-developed object detection algorithm providing bounding polygons to enclose the target object, forming a polygon mask similar to that of semantic segmentation. This paper endeavors to enhance the model’s accuracy in detecting variously sized targets greatly and to fine-tune the model to generate more proximate enclosing polygons. The adapted model has experienced a leap in performance compared to the baseline Poly-YOLO model.
Water quality prediction based on AR and LSTM model
Authors: Wu Xinhe
Published: September 2023

Prediction for water quality is essential because poor water quality can result in serious health problems. Turbidity is one indicator to measure water quality. This research uses time series models, the Autoregressive (AR) model and the Long short-term memory (LSTM) model, to predict the turbidity of water based on the dataset collected from Chicago Park District with a long-term time series from 2013 to 2021. Data cleaning and data exploration are done before building the model, and the stationary test and seasonality test are executed to prepare qualified time series. Also, ACF and PACF plots are drawn to figure out the order of AR to select the best model for prediction. AR Model is a traditional time series model which can make a prediction based on the previous values of time series, and LSTM Model is an advanced Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) designed to prevent the gradient from either decaying or exploding when learning from long-term sequences. The research applies these two models to the water quality data and makes an evaluation and comparison between them. It is found that the LSTM Model has a better performance in forecasting a long-period time series than the AR Model.
A study on the model predictive control based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Wang Hongyu
Published: September 2023

As one of the most widely used rolling optimization methods, model predictive control (MPC) can effectively deal with constrained problems with multivariate. However, MPC relies on the accurate system dynamics model, which means that the nonlinear terms in the system model such as some irregular disturbances or noises will weaken the control effect. On the other hand, machine learning has been shown to work well on black-box systems, so the idea of using deep learning to handle nonlinear terms is feasible. This paper studies a method for applying deep learning to MPC, which is to use convolutional neural networks to fit nonlinear terms of the system model and thus remove their effects by using methods such as precise compensation. The paper also compares traditional and convolutional neural networks and the simulation results show that this method can achieve good control effect.
Strengthen motor imagery for motor disorders patients in metaverse through brain computer interfaces
Authors: Lei Jingyu
Published: September 2023

Both brain-computer interface (BCI) and metaverse technology are emerging research fields involving computer science, neuroscience, psychological, cognitive science, biomedical engineering, mathematics, signal processing, clinical medicine, automatic control, etc. This paper focuses on the role of both in the medical field for patients with motor disorders (MD). MD is mostly caused by neurological diseases or accidental trauma, which often results in the death of nerve cells, loss of synapses and localised neuronal conduction blockage, thereby damaging the neural network’s structural and functional integrity in the brain and disrupting the brain’s information processing processes, resulting in motor paralysis of the limbs. Approximately 3% of the world’s population is currently suffering from severe disabilities, and approximately 110-190 million people are unable to live independently. Of these, nearly 100 million suffer from motor paralysis caused by stroke, cerebrospinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which has a serious impact on their daily work and life. Scientists are already using BCI to help people with paralysis caused by neurological damage to the brain, with a lesser contribution from the metaverse. This paper draws on past BCI and biological experiments to logically reason about methodologies such as neurofeedback, motor imagery, visual prosthesis implantation and training to explore future possibilities for treating MD in the interactive world of BCI and the Metaverse.
Multiple robot motion planning on A* and RRT* algorithm
Authors: Cheng Ao , Li Jiarui , Xu Bolun
Published: September 2023

In recent years, multi-robot systems have been widely used in different fields. In order to ensure that each robot in the system can reach the target point and complete the task correctly, the path planning of the multi-robot system is significant. The path planning of the multi-robot system can effectively ensure that the robot selects the appropriate target and completes the task, and during the planning, it can ensure that the task completion time of the total system is the shortest or the total cost is the lowest. Experiments are carried out without considering the kinematics and physical properties of the robot itself, and it is assumed that each robot can accurately know its own position information. In this paper, we propose an A* algorithm for target trajectory planning that integrates multiple trajectories and minimizes running costs by task assignment through a linear programming model. At the same time, by adjusting the planning method of the estimated cost, the error caused by the difference between the nonlinear path and the straight line distance is reduced. After experiments, the effectiveness of the linear programming model and the difference in computation time and running time between A* and RRT* algorithms are demonstrated. What’s more, A* outperforms RRT* in completion time, while RRT* has a shorter computation time.
Research advanced in image style transfer based on deep learning
Authors: Shi Haozhuo , Wang Yingqi
Published: September 2023

Image style transfer aims to change a picture’s style while maintaining the integrity of the image’s original information. Image style transfer techniques based on deep learning have expanded in variety as a result of the quick advancement of artificial intelligence technology, and have made breakthroughs in both transfer accuracy and visualization effect. Focusing on image style transfer based on depth learning, this paper systematically introduces its latest research progress. Specifically, according to the difference of network structure, this paper introduces four representative style transfer methods based on CNN and GAN, including their design ideas, process based, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this paper also qualitatively and quantitatively compares the transfer results of different algorithms on different datasets. For GAN based method, AnimeGAN has a good conversion effect in style conversion. For the CNN based method, the combination of perceptual loss and feedforward network using perceptual loss is more prominent. Finally, this paper reviews the development and breakthrough of neural network style, and sorts out and discusses the differences and shortcomings of these technologies as well as some unresolved problems.
Review of spectrum analysis in fault diagnosis for mechanical equipment
Authors: Wang Zihan , Wang Jian , Sun Yongjian
Published: September 2023

Various mechanical equipment play a crucial role, and their health or status may affect efficiency and safety seriously. Spectrum analysis of the corresponding signal has been widely used to diagnose the fault in the past decades. The diagnosis method based on spectrum analysis technology covers almost all aspects of mechanical fault diagnosis. However, there is a lack of review of diagnostic methods of spectrum analysis technologies in the field of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis. In order to fill this gap, this paper reviews the spectrum analysis technology in mechanical equipment diagnosis in detail. First of all, in order to let the researchers who are in contact with spectrum analysis technology for the first time quickly understand this field, the principles of spectrum are systematically sorted out, including spectrum, cepstrum, energy spectrum, power spectrum, higher-order spectrum, Hilbert spectrum, marginal spectrum, envelope spectrum, singular spectrum and so on. Furthermore, the characteristics of corresponding spectrum analysis technologies are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. High-quality references in recent ten years are cited for illustration to enhance persuasiveness. Finally, the prospect of spectrum analysis technology is summarized, and the future development trend of spectrum analysis technology is pointed out. It is believed that the joint diagnosis of fault severity, variable speed fault diagnosis, combined with deep learning and multiple spectrum analysis technologies should be given more attention in the future. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive overview of mechanical fault diagnosis based on spectrum analysis theory, and help to develop corresponding spectrum analysis technologies in practical engineering.
49 Older adults’ experience of transition to the community from the Emergency Department: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Condon B , Manning M , Hayes C , Griffin A , Fitzgerald C , Galvin R , Robinson K
Published: September 2023

Background

Older adults comprise a growing proportion of Emergency Department (ED) attendees and are vulnerable to adverse outcomes on discharge. Interventions to reduce older adults’ risk of adverse outcomes following an ED attendance are proliferating and often focus on improving the transition from the ED to the community. To optimise the effectiveness of interventions, it is important to determine how older adults experience the transition from the ED to the community. This study systematically reviewed and synthesised qualitative studies reporting older adults’ experiences of transition to the community from the ED.

Methods

A systematic literature search of six databases was completed in March 2022 and updated in March 2023. Nine studies were included following full text review representing the experiences of over 490 older adults from five countries. Findings from included studies were synthesised as a meta-ethnography.

Results

Older adults often reported un-resolved symptoms on discharge (theme 1) which negatively affected transition home and return to daily life. Unresolved symptoms were also a major driver of ED re-attendance shortly after discharge (theme 2). Although older adults wanted a planned discharge home with organised transport (theme 4) however, this was not often achieved. Fragmented care at the point of transition home (theme 3) was a reoccurrence experience for older adults alongside inadequate healthcare provider communication/instructions on ED discharge (theme 5).

Conclusion

Study findings identified key areas for consideration in service development and intervention development for older adult’s care when transitioning from the ED to the community. ED healthcare providers should consider adapting their communication to meet the needs of older adults. Healthcare providers need to explicitly address expectations about symptom resolution during discharge planning as a collaborative process with older adults. Those developing transitional care interventions should consider older adults needs for integration of care, symptom management, clear communication from providers and desire to return to daily life.
105 Antiplatelet therapy and incident cognitive impairment or dementia—a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
Authors: Kitt K , Murphy R , Clarke A , Reddin C , Ferguson J , Bosch J , Whiteley W , Canavan M , Judge C , O'Donnell M
Published: September 2023

Background

The benefit of antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of cognitive impairment or dementia is uncertain. We investigated the association between antiplatelet therapy with incident cognitive impairment or dementia in randomised clinical trials.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for randomised clinical trials published from database inception through Feb 1st, 2023. Trials that evaluated the association of antiplatelet therapy with incident cognitive impairment or dementia were included. For single agent antiplatelet, the control group was placebo and for dual agent antiplatelet therapy, the control group was single agent monotherapy. Two authors screened and independently extracted all data, and a random-effects meta-analysis model was used to report pooled treatment effects and 95% Confidence Intervals. The primary outcome was incident cognitive impairment or dementia. Secondary outcomes included change in cognitive test scores.

Results

Eleven randomised clinical trials were eligible for inclusion (109,860 participants), all of which reported the incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia on follow-up. The mean (SD) age of trial participants was 66.2 (7.9) years and 46,150 (42%) were women. The mean duration of follow-up was 70 months. Antiplatelet therapy, compared to control, was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (11 trials; 109,860 participants) (3.49% vs 4.18% of patients over a mean trial follow-up of 5.8 years; odds ratio [OR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88–1.00]; absolute risk reduction, 0.2% [95% CI, −0.4% to 0.009%]; I2 = 0.0%). Antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with mean change in cognitive test scores.

Conclusion

In this meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials, antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment or dementia. The confidence intervals around this outcome do not exclude a modest preventative effect, and at a population level this could have a substantial benefit. Further large trials with longer term follow up are needed.
171 Combined inflammatory biomarkers predict recurrent ipsilateral ischaemic stroke in patients with carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Gorey S , Synnott P , Coveney S , Harbison J , Williams D J , Dolan E , Cassidy T , Barry M , O'Connell M , McDonnell C , McAuley K , Inzitari R , Marnane M , McCabe J J , Kelly P J
Published: September 2023

Background

Large-artery ischaemic stroke is associated with a high-risk of recurrence. Inflammation is important in the development and rupture of carotid plaque. It remains unknown if blood-biomarkers can reliably quantify vascular inflammation. We investigated whether blood-biomarkers were associated with recurrent ipsilateral Ischaemic Stroke (IS).

Methods

hsCRP and IL-6 were measured in blood-samples using immunochemiluminescence immunoassays from three cohort studies. Median follow-up was 3.9 years (IQR 1.6–5.8). The primary outcome was recurrent ipsilateral IS.

Results

Of 269 participants, 130 (48.3%) had severe CS (median age, 71 (IQR 64–78)). There were 19 ipsilateral recurrent IS in 1,046-patient-years follow-up. hsCRP was dichotomised at 2 mg/L and IL-6 at 7 pg/ml (expected-normal value for assay). 187 (69.5%) had hsCRP<2 mg/L and 170 (63.2%) had IL-6 ≥ 7 pg/ml. 146 (54.3%) participants had combined-raised hsCRP≥2 mg/L and IL-6 ≥ 7 pg/ml. On unadjusted Cox analysis, hsCRP≥2 mg/L was associated with increased risk of ipsilateral recurrent IS (HR 9.25, CI 1.24–69.2, p = 0.03) while IL-6 ≥ 7 pg/ml trended towards increased risk (HR 2.36, CI 0.79–7.1, p = 0.1.) However, combined raised-hsCRP/IL-6 was associated with an increased risk of recurrent ipsilateral IS (HR 3.58, CI 1.2–10.7, p = 0.02.) However, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and time-to-phlebotomy, these associations attenuated. When patients were divided into three risk categories defined by levels of hsCRP and IL-6 (low [both markers low], intermediate [discordant markers], high [both markers raised]0, the rate of recurrent stroke increased across the categories, p = 0.013 for trend. The c-statistic for combined-raised hsCRP/IL-6 was 0.66 (CI 0.57–0.75) indicating prognostication better than chance to predict recurrent-ipsilateral IS.

Conclusion

Using blood inflammatory proteins in combination may add value in risk prediction in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, although this concept requires independent replication and validation in larger cohorts.
196 Models of transitional care, comparison of a new innovative consultant geriatrician lead service to current practice
Authors: O’Donovan C , Dennehy K , Fitzgerald R , Plant R , Rynne R , Faez I , Horgan A , Ahern E , Jennings E
Published: September 2023

Background

The existence of short term (up to 6 weeks) HSE ‘transitional care funding’ has presented a potential discharge pathway for a proportion of hospital inpatients since 2015. These predominantly older, frailer patients access funding for beds that aim to support interim long term care placement or convalescence prior to discharge home. This project aimed to compare the existing ‘transitional care funded’ model of care in sites affiliated with our model 4 tertiary hospital to that of a newly trialled model where a consultant geriatrician co-ordinated patient care. This new model synchronises patient care through assessment, care planning, treatment, discharge planning and education as per best-practice.

Methods

Retrospective (January—September 2022) and prospective (September to December 2022) data collection of both care models compared Length of Stay (LOS), designation as a delayed transfer of care patient, discharge destinations (planned vs. actual), falls, allied health input, hospital readmission and death were compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 131 patients (53 old 78 new model) were included. Average LOS in tertiary hospital was on average 30.0 versus 27.6 days. Average LOS in Transitional Care Unit (TCU) was 46 versus 25 days. A one way ANOVA was used to assess any statistical significance between the models of care across the following subheadings; death, change in Barthel Index, falls, discharge destination, readmission and sex. The one way ANOVA was statistically significant for LOS in TCU (p < 0.001), change in Barthel between groups (p < 0.001) and falls within TCU (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

The introduction of a new model of care at one of the TCUs has led to a significant reduction in length of stay. An opportunity to improve patient outcomes with the aim of establishing best practice have been identified. Transitional care placement influence outcomes for older persons including returning home. Our new model of care incorporates interdisciplinary teams and proactively target the complex patient’s care needs.