bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the impact of spectral template uncertainties in synthetic stellar populations
Authors: Byrne C M , Stanway E R
Published: March 2023

Uncertainties in stellar population models, both in terms of stellar evolution and stellar spectra, translate into uncertainties in our interpretation of stellar populations in galaxies, since stars are the source of most of the light we receive from them. Observations by JWST are revealing high-redshift galaxies in great detail, which must then be compared to models. One significant source of uncertainty is in the stellar spectra used to generate composite spectra of stellar populations, which are then compared to data. Confidence in theoretical models is important to enable reliable determination of the properties of these galaxies such as their ages and star formation history. Here, we present a comparison of spectral synthesis carried out with six different stellar spectral libraries using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis framework. In photometric colours, the differences between theoretical libraries are relatively small (<0.10 mag), similar to typical observational uncertainties on individual galaxy observations. Differences become more pronounced when detailed spectroscopic properties are examined. Predictions for spectral line indices can vary significantly, with equivalent widths differing by a factor of 2 in some cases. With these index strengths, some of the libraries yield predictions of ages and metallicities which are unphysical. Many spectral libraries lack wavelength coverage in the ultraviolet, which is of growing importance in the era of JWST observations of distant galaxies, whose flux is dominated by hot, young stars.
Light-curve modelling for the initial rising phase of rapidly evolving transients powered by continuous outflow
Authors: Uno Kohki , Maeda Keiichi
Published: March 2023

A wind-driven model is a new framework to model observational properties of transients that are powered by continuous outflow from a central system. While it has been applied to fast blue optical transients (FBOTs), the applicability has been limited to post-peak behaviours due to the steady-state assumptions; non-steady-state physics, e.g. expanding outflow, is important to model the initial rising phase. In this paper, we construct a time-dependent wind-driven model, which can take into account the expanding outflow and the time evolution of the outflow rate. We apply the model to a sample of well-observed FBOTs. FBOTs require high outflow rates (∼30 M⊙ yr−1) and fast velocities (∼0.2–0.3c), with the typical ejecta mass and energy budget of ∼0.2 M⊙ and ∼1052 erg, respectively. The energetic outflow supports the idea that the central engine of FBOTs may be related to a relativistic object, e.g. a black hole. The initial photospheric temperature is 105 –106 K, which suggests that FBOTs will show ultraviolet (UV) or X-ray flash similar to supernova shock breakouts. We discuss future prospects of surveys and follow-up observations of FBOTs in the UV bands. FBOTs are brighter in the UV bands than in the optical bands, and the time-scale is a bit longer than that in optical wavelengths. We suggest that UV telescopes with a wide field of view can play a key role in discovering FBOTs and characterizing their natures.
3D hydrodynamics simulations of core convection in supermassive main-sequence stars
Authors: Blouin Simon , Mao Huaqing , Woods Tyrone E , Denissenkov Pavel , Woodward Paul R , Herwig Falk
Published: March 2023

Supermassive stars are Population III stars with masses exceeding $10^4\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ that could be the progenitors of the first supermassive black holes. Their interiors are in a regime where radiation pressure dominates the equation of state. In this work, we use the explicit gas dynamics code ppmstar to simulate the hydrogen-burning core of a $10^4\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ supermassive main-sequence star. These are the first three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations of core convection in supermassive stars. We perform a series of 10 simulations at different heating rates and on Cartesian grids with resolutions of 7683, 11523, and 17283. We examine different properties of the convective flow, including its large-scale morphology, its velocity spectrum, and its mixing properties. We conclude that the radiation pressure-dominated nature of the interior does not noticeably affect the behaviour of convection compared to the case of core convection in a massive main-sequence star where gas pressure dominates. Our simulations also offer support for the use of mixing-length theory in one-dimensional models of supermassive stars.
Non-local contribution from small scales in galaxy–galaxy lensing: comparison of mitigation schemes
Authors: Prat J , Zacharegkas G , Park Y , MacCrann N , Switzer E R , Pandey S , Chang C , Blazek J , Miquel R , Alarcon A , Alves O , Amon A , Andrade-Oliveira F , Bechtol K , Becker M R , Bernstein G M , Chen R , Choi A , Camacho H , Campos A , Rosell A Carnero , Carrasco Kind M , Cawthon R , Cordero J , Crocce M , Davis C , DeRose J , Diehl H T , Dodelson S , Doux C , Drlica-Wagner A , Eckert K , Eifler T F , Elvin-Poole J , Everett S , Fang X , Ferté A , Fosalba P , Friedrich O , Gatti M , Giannini G , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Harrison I , Hartley W G , Herner K , Huang H , Huff E M , Jarvis M , Krause E , Kuropatkin N , Leget P-F , McCullough J , Myles J , Navarro-Alsina A , Porredon A , Raveri M , Rollins R P , Roodman A , Rosenfeld R , Ross A J , Rykoff E S , Sánchez C , Sanchez J , Secco L F , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sheldon E , Shin T , Troxel M A , Tutusaus I , Varga T N , Yanny B , Yin B , Zhang Y , Zuntz J , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carretero J , Costanzi M , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Gerdes D W , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Lima M , Menanteau F , Mena-Fernández J , Palmese A , Paterno M , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Sanchez E , Schubnell M , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , To C , Weaverdyck N , Weller J ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2023

Recent cosmological analyses with large-scale structure and weak lensing measurements, usually referred to as 3 × 2pt, had to discard a lot of signal to noise from small scales due to our inability to accurately model non-linearities and baryonic effects. Galaxy–galaxy lensing, or the position–shear correlation between lens and source galaxies, is one of the three two-point correlation functions that are included in such analyses, usually estimated with the mean tangential shear. However, tangential shear measurements at a given angular scale θ or physical scale R carry information from all scales below that, forcing the scale cuts applied in real data to be significantly larger than the scale at which theoretical uncertainties become problematic. Recently, there have been a few independent efforts that aim to mitigate the non-locality of the galaxy–galaxy lensing signal. Here, we perform a comparison of the different methods, including the Y-transformation, the point-mass marginalization methodology, and the annular differential surface density statistic. We do the comparison at the cosmological constraints level in a combined galaxy clustering and galaxy–galaxy lensing analysis. We find that all the estimators yield equivalent cosmological results assuming a simulated Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Year 1 like set-up and also when applied to DES Y3 data. With the LSST Y1 set-up, we find that the mitigation schemes yield ∼1.3 times more constraining S8 results than applying larger scale cuts without using any mitigation scheme.
Modelling star cluster formation: Gas accretion
Authors: Karam Jeremy , Sills Alison
Published: March 2023

The formation of star clusters involves the growth of smaller, gas-rich subclusters through accretion of gas from the giant molecular cloud (GMC) within which the subclusters are embedded. The two main accretion mechanisms responsible for this are accretion of gas from dense filaments and from the ambient background of the cloud. We perform simulations of both of these accretion processes onto gas-rich star clusters using coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics to model the gas and N-body dynamics to model the stars. We find that, for both accretion processes, the accreting star cluster loses some of its original mass while gaining mass from either the ambient background or the dense filament. The amount of mass lost from both of these processes is small compared to the total mass of the cluster. However, in the case of accretion from a background medium, the net effect can be a decrease in the total mass of the cluster if it is travelling fast enough through the ambient medium (>4 km s−1). We find that the amount of mass lost from the cluster through filamentary accretion is independent of the density, width, or number of filaments funnelling gas into the cluster and is always such that the mass of the cluster is constantly increasing with time. We compare our results to idealized prescriptions used to model star cluster formation in larger scale GMC simulations and find that such prescriptions act as an upper limit when describing the mass of the star cluster they represent.
MIGHTEE-H i: possible interactions with the galaxy NGC 895
Authors: Namumba B , Román J , Falcón-Barroso J , Knapen J H , Ianjamasimanana R , Naluminsa E , Józsa G I G , Korsaga M , Maddox N , Frank B , Sikhosana S , Legodi S , Carignan C , Ponomareva A A , Jarrett T , Lucero D , Smirnov O M , van der Hulst J M , Pisano D J , Malek K , Marchetti L , Vaccari M , Jarvis M , Baes M , Meyer M , Adams E A K , Chen H , Delhaize J , Rajohnson S H A , Kurapati S , Heywood I , Verdes-Montenegro L
Published: March 2023

The transformation and evolution of a galaxy is strongly influenced by interactions with its environment. Neutral hydrogen (H i) is an excellent way to trace these interactions. Here, we present H i observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 895, which was previously thought to be isolated. High-sensitivity H i observations from the MeerKAT large survey project MIGHTEE reveal possible interaction features, such as extended spiral arms and the two newly discovered H i companions, that drive us to change the narrative that it is an isolated galaxy. We combine these observations with deep optical images from the Hyper Suprime Camera to show an absence of tidal debris between NGC 895 and its companions. We do find an excess of light in the outer parts of the companion galaxy MGTH$\_$J022138.1-052631, which could be an indication of external perturbation and thus possible sign of interactions. Our analysis shows that NGC 895 is an actively star-forming galaxy with a SFR of 1.75 ± 0.09[M⊙/yr], a value typical for high-stellar mass galaxies on the star-forming main sequence. It is reasonable to state that different mechanisms may have contributed to the observed features in NGC 895, and this emphasizes the need to revisit the target with more detailed observations. Our work shows the high potential and synergy of using state-of-the-art data in both H i and optical to reveal a more complete picture of galaxy environments.
The many reasons that the rotation curves of low-mass galaxies can fail as tracers of their matter distributions
Authors: Downing Eleanor R , Oman Kyle A
Published: March 2023

It is routinely assumed that galaxy rotation curves are equal to their circular velocity curves (modulo some corrections) such that they are good dynamical mass tracers. We take a visualization-driven approach to exploring the limits of the validity of this assumption for a sample of 33 low-mass galaxies ($60\lt v_\mathrm{max}/\mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\lt 120$ ) from the APOSTLE suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Only three of these have rotation curves nearly equal to their circular velocity curves at z  = 0, the rest are undergoing a wide variety of dynamical perturbations. We use our visualizations to guide an assessment of how many galaxies are likely to be strongly perturbed by processes in several categories: mergers/interactions (affecting 6/33 galaxies), bulk radial gas inflows (19/33), vertical gas outflows (15/33), distortions driven by a non-spherical DM halo (17/33), warps (8/33), and winds due to motion through the intergalactic medium (5/33). Most galaxies fall into more than one of these categories; only 5/33 are not in any of them. The sum of these effects leads to an underestimation of the low-velocity slope of the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (α ∼ 3.1 instead of α ∼ 3.9, where Mbar ∝ vα) that is difficult to avoid, and could plausibly be the source of a significant portion of the observed diversity in low-mass galaxy rotation curve shapes.
Towards the systematic detection of active asteroid candidates: A photometric method
Authors: Carvajal J P , Muñoz-Cuartas J C
Published: March 2023

The Active Asteroids (AAs), are a small population of minor planets with characteristics similar to both asteroids and comets. In the search for the AAs, the analysis of light curves promises to be an efficient approach to identify candidates. In an effort towards an automatable method to detect AA candidates (AAc) through light curve analysis, in this work, we present a comprehensive comparison of the methodologies used for the reduction of the photometric data in previous works against other variations proposed here. We analyse the impact of different phase models in the reduction of the data and in the analysis of light curves. As a proof of concept, we studied a random sample of 1000 asteroids from the IAU’s Minor Planet Center (MPC) Observation Database. The aim is to both test the methodology and search for AAc among them. The constraints imposed on the sample were that more than 150 photometric observations spanning all bands and a perihelion distance of q < 2.7 au are required for each object. We find that it is preferred, for the purpose of decreasing the possibility of false-positive detections, to reduce and analyse the photometric data from different bands independently, rather than doing it jointly with a one-size-fits-all correction, as done in previous works. We found strong indicators of activity in the light curves of five asteroids: (2776) Baikal, (11456) Cotto-Figueroa, (12528), (66944), and (71907). Other two asteroids, numbered (12871) and (329604), show signs of activity, but the indicators are not as strong.
Localizing Post-Admixture Adaptive Variants with Object Detection on Ancestry-Painted Chromosomes
Authors: Hamid Iman , Korunes Katharine L , Schrider Daniel R , Goldberg Amy
Published: March 2023

Gene flow between previously differentiated populations during the founding of an admixed or hybrid population has the potential to introduce adaptive alleles into the new population. If the adaptive allele is common in one source population, but not the other, then as the adaptive allele rises in frequency in the admixed population, genetic ancestry from the source containing the adaptive allele will increase nearby as well. Patterns of genetic ancestry have therefore been used to identify post-admixture positive selection in humans and other animals, including examples in immunity, metabolism, and animal coloration. A common method identifies regions of the genome that have local ancestry “outliers” compared with the distribution across the rest of the genome, considering each locus independently. However, we lack theoretical models for expected distributions of ancestry under various demographic scenarios, resulting in potential false positives and false negatives. Further, ancestry patterns between distant sites are often not independent. As a result, current methods tend to infer wide genomic regions containing many genes as under selection, limiting biological interpretation. Instead, we develop a deep learning object detection method applied to images generated from local ancestry-painted genomes. This approach preserves information from the surrounding genomic context and avoids potential pitfalls of user-defined summary statistics. We find the method is robust to a variety of demographic misspecifications using simulated data. Applied to human genotype data from Cabo Verde, we localize a known adaptive locus to a single narrow region compared with multiple or long windows obtained using two other ancestry-based methods.
Undergraduate Music Therapy Students’ Perspectives on Curricular Self-Experiences
Authors: Belt Courtney
Published: March 2023

Experiential learning is a key component of the education and training of music therapists in the United States. Currently, there is limited peer-reviewed, English-language literature that explores undergraduate student perspectives of curricular self-experiences. The purpose of this study is to help fill this gap and better understand undergraduate music therapy students’ experiences of participating in curricular self-experiences in order to inform best practices for implementation. Three recent graduates of a music therapy program engaged in semi-structured, individual interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the process of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Group superordinate themes emerged from the research question and subquestions about benefits and drawbacks of curricular self-experiences and what facilitated or impeded students’ participation. Participants identified empathy and skill development as benefits and that peer relationships and clear expectations facilitated participation. They also identified vulnerability and boundaries as drawbacks, and that professor/student relationships and cohort interactions impeded participation. Findings from this study highlight shared experiences among students and provide concrete examples of what educators should consider when designing curricular self-experiences.
Foodways in Moldova
Authors: Cash Jennifer
Published: March 2023

This chapter considers foodways in the Republic of Moldova and historic Bessarabia through the framework of products, practices, and performances from American folklore studies. It draws attention to historic influences in the region from the Ottoman, Russian, and Soviet periods but concentrates on describing foodways during the first decades of post-Soviet independence (1990–2020). Grounded in fieldwork in both urban and rural communities in Moldova between 1999 and 2010, the discussion focuses on the aspects of foodways that intersect most closely with the past and likely future despite changes brought about by rural–urban migration, labor migration cycles, and globalization. Significant attention is given to gender, childhood socialization, bread and wine, and hospitality.
Civil Forensic Assessment
Authors: Rappaport Sol R. , Pickar Daniel B.
Published: March 2023

Conducting psychological testing in child custody evaluations (CCEs) requires evaluators to understand not only the psychometric properties and interpretive strategies of tests but also the unique context in which it occurs. This chapter addresses when psychological testing is needed in CCEs and when it is not, as well as how to choose tests to use in CCEs for children and their parents. Understanding that results from tests provide hypotheses about a person is a critical component of testing. Self-report instruments and performance-based assessments appropriate for use in CCEs are reviewed. Furthermore, the necessity to tie test results to parenting behaviors and its impact on children is discussed, as well as report writing strategies and how to present results when testifying.
Big Data and Internet Research
Authors: Schaefer G. Owen
Published: March 2023

We live in the era of the internet as well as the era of big data. These naturally intersect to the point that those involved in the conduct and oversight of contemporary internet research must grapple with ethical issues raised by the promulgation of big data. In this chapter the author summarizes the key challenges of internet research in the big data context, particularly in light of limitations on consent and anonymization as means to protect human subjects. The author critically appraises the “contextual pluralism” of recent guidance from the Association of Internet Researchers and more deeply explores the ethical nuances of one particular and pressing domain of internet research that relies on big data: data scraping. This ethical analysis is indicative of the need for careful contextual attention to the issues raised by contemporary internet research, where novel platforms and study designs may require commensurately novel approaches to ensuring responsible research.
Autistic LGBTQIA+ Identities in Music Therapy
Authors: Leza Jessica
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces core topics and essential questions that emerge at the intersection of autistic neurotype and LGBTQIA+ identity. Autistic people have minority gender identity and/or sexual orientation more often than allistic (non-autistic) people, and LGBTQIA+ people have been shown to have higher rates of autistic characteristics than cisgender, heterosexual people. Many autistic people understand their gender identity and/or sexual orientation as uniquely connected to their autistic neurotype. These unique experiences of gender, sexuality, and neurodivergence bring unique needs into music therapy spaces. This chapter fills in the historical context, similarities and differences in allistic and autistic LGBTQIA+ experience, and implications and essential questions for music therapists. In accordance with autistic cultural standards such as ‘nothing about us, without us’, the neuroqueer author uses identity-first language and centres the expertise of LGBTQIA+ autistic people.
Queering the Sonic Episteme Within Music Therapy using Digital Music Technologies
Authors: Viega Michael
Published: March 2023

The sonic episteme refers how sound and music can manifest and recreate rigid systems of white, patriarchal, hereto/cisnormativity even when it is trying to claim diversity and representation. Queer and electronic artists of colour have historically challenged patriarchal domination and gender norms through sound exploration within the biopolitical ontological sound practices afforded by music technology. This chapter details how digital music technologies can unsettle norms of listening and creating, and support queering the sonic episteme of music therapy. Digital music production techniques used in music therapy, such as voice/pitch manipulation and sound morphing, are explored via two comprovisations created in music therapy by Skyler who creates and explores cybernetic music identities as a way to feel liberated from their own daily struggles. These comprovisations will demonstrate how the malleability of sound can help (re)imagine and (re)produce new sonic bodies, forms, and worlds.
Moments of Musical Transcendence
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew
Published: March 2023

This audio chapter is an autoethnographic essay of written reflections and improvisations that highlight my intersecting identities as a performer, composer, music therapist, and queer white cisgendered man. I describe my experiences as they progressed from being a pianist and composer to becoming a queer music therapist. Focusing on moments of musical transcendence, words and music are intertwined to create a dialogue that is both artistic and descriptive. These meditations are followed by a series of six piano improvisations that come from recording sessions held at the Maureen Forrester Hall, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada. The introspective nature of the music included in this audio chapter pays tribute not only to the tenacity of the clients I have worked alongside but also my own clinical, musical, and emotional responses as a queer music therapist. In this chapter, music and words are equal.
Child Protection Systems Across the World
Authors: Duerr Berrick Jill , Gilbert Neil , Skivenes Marit
Published: March 2023

This introductory chapter presents a landscape view of the vast range of demographic, social, and cultural differences among the 50 countries throughout the world, which are included in the Handbook’s case studies of child protection systems. The differences in, for example, standards of living, children’s rights and their levels of well-being, types and levels of state intervention, and degree of confidence in government have a bearing on the alternative developmental stages of child protection systems among the 50 countries. This chapter also reviews the comparative analytic framework that focuses on four fundamental dimensions of choice employed to provide systematic information on the design of each country’s child protection system and its policies. The chapter closes with a discussion of how this comparative lens will be used to develop a new global typology that is elaborated in the Handbook’s concluding chapter.
The Child Protection System in the Netherlands
Authors: Knorth Erik J. , Bouma Helen , Grietens Hans , López López Mónica
Published: March 2023

This chapter notes the characteristics, trends, and evidence of the child protection system in the Netherlands. It also expounds on the identification and processing of reports on child maltreatment such as physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and neglect. The basic principles of child protection and youth care are prevention, de-medicalization and normalization, parenting skills improvement, the safety of the child-rearing environment, and family group plans. Prevention and early intervention through parenting support, which is offered on a municipal level, have higher priority to deterring more expensive and specialized care. However, the research found that solutions for psychosocial and maltreatment issues for children and families are difficult to achieve.
Canned Music, Canned Culture
Authors: Keightley Keir
Published: March 2023

This chapter considers John Philip Sousa as a pre-echo of later middlebrow concerns. Sousa’s massive success as a popular bandleader circa 1890–1910 also positioned him as a respected public intellectual in matters musical. Sousa championed Wagner and ragtime alike, and yet he famously condemned sound recording’s democratizing affordances, helping to popularize the phrase “canned music” as a term of highbrow critique. As a beloved musical populist who nonetheless strongly criticized mass mediation, at the turn of the twentieth century Sousa thus encompassed conflicting vectors of the middlebrow impulse: to disseminate art to a mass public, on the one hand, and on the other, to chastise mass mediation’s degradation of art. The chapter begins with a discussion of some of the earliest US print appearances of the term “middlebrow” in the 1910s, the better then to understand how Sousa’s early views of both musical populism and musical elitism anticipated competing strands of later middlebrow debate.
Resisting Middlebrow Mediation
Authors: Tunbridge Laura
Published: March 2023

This chapter traces the British reception of Beethoven’s “Grosse Fuge” op. 133 through the interwar period, considering the role recordings and live performances by the Léner and Kolisch Quartets, among others, had on interpretations of the piece. The transformation in attitude toward Beethoven’s “posthumous” works went hand in hand with new, attentive, and informed ways of listening. Yet proponents of the “Grosse Fuge” resisted its incorporation into the middlebrow canon of masterworks. Instead, it was presented as a work that could stand next to modernist pieces by Bela Bartók and Alban Berg. The interwar reception of Beethoven’s op. 133 illustrates the tensions between middlebrow and modernist historical narratives and serves as a test case for media technologies’ oft-touted potential to “democratize” access to Western classical music.
The Child and the Musical Masterpiece
Authors: Guthrie Kate
Published: March 2023

This chapter explores how and why the “art of listening” became so heavily intertwined with twentieth-century Western childhood. Focusing on the nationwide campaign to teach “music appreciation” in British schools, it investigates how middlebrow educators imagined that this mode of listening traditionally associated with the bourgeois public sphere could resolve the deep-seated social, cultural, and educational challenges of their day. In so doing, the chapter challenges the peripheral place that children and childhood have occupied in the growing body of scholarship on middlebrow culture, showing instead that they formed an important subsection of the middlebrow public in their own right. It ultimately argues that disentangling the children’s middlebrow from its adult counterpart throws new light on music pedagogy at large—by complicating the progressive versus traditional binary that has shaped histories of education, as it has narratives of twentieth-century music.
Developing an Argentine Style in Form and Content
Authors: Benedict Nora
Published: March 2023

Throughout his works, Jorge Luis Borges returns time and time again to two ideas more than others: books and his native Buenos Aires. This chapter links his fascination with these two concepts to his earliest participation in the world of publishing, particularly his involvement with Editorial Proa. More specifically, I examine the form and content of some of Borges’s early works including Inquisiciones [Inquisitions], El tamaño de mi Esperanza [The Size of My Hope], and Cuaderno San Martín [San Martín Notebook] as a way to understand his development of a distinctive Argentine style. When viewed collectively and holistically, these early works reveal the impact of Borges’s engagement with the burgeoning publishing industry in Buenos Aires.
Traditions of Equality and Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Craven Matthew
Published: March 2023

This chapter covers the correlation between the notion of equality and the realisation of economic, social, and cultural rights. It elaborates on the concept of equaliberty as proposed by Etienne Balibar. The demand for freedom always goes hand in hand with the calls for equality. According to Balibar, the conflation of human rights with civil rights by referencing equality allowed the avoidance of the natural rights argument. Balibar argues that in the French Declaration, the idea of equality was allowed to operate as a substitute for human nature than merely an affirmation. The chapter examines the two traditions of equality (non-discrimination and substantive equality) in an effort to evaluate the legitimacy of social arrangements.
Femspec Science Fiction
Authors: George Susan A.
Published: March 2023

This chapter defines and illustrates the “femspec” slant in science fiction (sf) cinema and the important part it has played in the development of a feminist sf vision. Focusing mainly on the women characters in sf cinema, it examines how these characters both promote and criticize feminist ideologies, while “speculating” on a feminist future. Through the analysis of Captain Marvel, the Marvel Studio’s first female-led film, it demonstrates the ways in which mass-market products such as major motion pictures are bringing contemporary feminist perspectives into new focus for an audience already familiar with earlier feminist attitudes.
Measuring Customer Multisensory Experience in Live Music
Authors: Cuadrado-García Manuel , D. Montoro-Pons Juan , E. Goyes-Yepez Claudia
Published: March 2023

Consumer experience has become increasingly relevant, as the literature reveals that customers are concerned with achieving pleasurable and multisensory experiences. Music, particularly live music, is an area in which to analyze the consumer experience from a multisensory standpoint. However, studies in this regard are practically nonexistent. To fill this research gap, this work conducts empirical research focusing on the consumer experience in live music. Specifically, the chapter analyzes the influence of multisensory perception on consumer experience and its effect on satisfaction in such a context. To do so, quantitative research was undertaken to analyze the dimensions of multisensory perception and their relationship with the dimensions of the consumer experience and also with customer satisfaction. Data was gathered through self-administered questionnaires completed by attendees at a multisensory music concert. The main results show a positive relationship between multisensory perception, consumer experience, and satisfaction.
Assessing the Business Model of Creative and Cultural Organizations Participating in the European Capital of Culture Program
Authors: Schiuma Giovanni , Carlucci Daniela , Santarsiero Francesco , Lagrutta Rosaria
Published: March 2023

There is an interesting debate around the role played by a European Capital of Culture (ECoC)—a city designated as a cultural capital in its subregion and beyond—in the development and growth of creative and cultural organizations working in that city. While it is widely acknowledged that the mega-event of designating a city as an ECoC has an impact on the city’s broader profile and can improve the credibility of the city’s creative offerings, creative and cultural organizations engaged with the development of such mega-events have had a variety of experiences. This chapter describes the impacts on the business model of some creative and cultural organizations that experienced Matera ECoC 2019, exploring and analyzing them through the lens of the Business Model Prism, a multidimensional framework describing the structure and logic of the business model of a creative and cultural organization. The exploratory research involved five cultural organizations that led as many big projects within the Matera ECoC 2019 program. The analysis of cases reveals various impacts and confirms the importance of a mega-event like ECoC in boosting business model improvement and generating new growth opportunities. After providing a short view on the evaluation of ECoC impacts, the chapter describes the Business Model Prism and the findings of the case studies analysis. Finally, the chapter provides some concluding remarks and suggests future avenues of research.
The Globalized and Changing Landscape of the Arts
Authors: Luigi Sacco Pier
Published: March 2023

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic shock, the global landscape of cultural and creative production was showing clear signs of a new cycle of globalization, in which the consolidated centrality of US, and more generally Western, cultural and creative production gradually gave way to a more geographically and culturally varied geography, with the emergence of new global players. This chapter considers in particular four main trends: the shifting geography of cultural production; the emergence of participatory, decentralized content creation; the evolution of digital mega-platforms; and the tension between democratic and authoritarian forces at the global scale. The red thread behind this rapidly evolving global scenario is an increasing agency given to, or appropriated from, what was previously the passive public of mass culture, also thanks to the new possibilities opened by digital production of cultural contents that dramatically favors a democratization of content production. These bottom-up forms of production prove to be especially relevant in the post-pandemic scenario, where culture will likely connect to crucial policy topics such as rebuilding social cohesion, addressing post-pandemic mental health issues, and favoring active citizenship and inclusion. This chapter analyzes the global context, presents some emerging practices, and discusses possible future scenarios.
Medicine
Authors: Leith David
Published: March 2023

This chapter aims to give a general and comparative overview of the most prominent cases of philosophical influence on medicine during the Roman period, mediated principally by the so-called medical haireseis, or “sects.” It will focus on the most influential medical sects and authorities that either grew up in Rome or that seem to have developed significantly there, looking at each in turn—namely the Asclepiadeans, Pneumatists, Empiricists, Methodists, and Galen. The individuality of each will be emphasized, through both their doctrines or methodologies and their later impact, and the ways in which they reacted to each other and interacted with the philosophical schools.
Structural and functional regulation of Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles during environmental changes
Authors: Long Huan , Fang Jinhua , Ye Lian , Zhang Baolong , Hui Colleen , Deng Xuan , Merchant Sabeeha S , Huang Kaiyao
Published: March 2023

Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a class of heterogeneous organelles conserved in eukaryotes that primarily play a role in storage and secretion. An important function of LROs is to mediate metal homeostasis. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying metal ion metabolism; however, structural and functional analyses of LROs in C. reinhardtii are insufficient. Here, we optimized a method for purifying these organelles from 2 populations of cells: stationary phase or overloaded with iron. The morphology, elemental content, and lysosomal activities differed between the 2 preparations, even though both have phosphorus and metal ion storage functions. LROs in stationary phase cells had multiple non-membrane-bound polyphosphate granules to store phosphorus. Those in iron-overloaded cells were similar to acidocalcisomes (ACs), which have a boundary membrane and contain 1 or 2 large polyphosphate granules to store more phosphorus. We established a method for quantifying the capacity of LROs to sequester individual trace metals. Based on a comparative proteomic analysis of these 2 types of LROs, we present a comprehensive AC proteome and identified 113 putative AC proteins. The methods and protein inventories provide a framework for studying the biogenesis and modification of LROs and the mechanisms by which they participate in regulating metal ion metabolism.
Passive dynamics regulates aperiodic transitions in flapping wing systems
Authors: Majumdar Dipanjan , Ravi Sridhar , Sarkar Sunetra
Published: March 2023

Natural and artificial flapping wing flyers generally do not exhibit chaos or aperiodic dynamic modes, though several experimental and numerical studies with canonical models of flapping foils have reported inevitable chaotic transition at high ranges of dynamic plunge velocity (κh). Here we considered the idealized case of a pitching–plunging flapping foil and numerically investigated the effects of passive pitching dynamics on the fluid forces and dynamical states, and compared it with a fully actuated wing. We found that in comparison to fully actuated foils, aperiodic transition can be avoided even for high κh when passive oscillations are allowed. Passive pitching modulated the relative foil orientation with respect to the incoming free stream to maintain a lower effective angle-of-attack throughout the stroke and reduced the leading-edge-vortex (LEV) strength. Absence of aperiodic triggers such as flow separation and strong LEVs keep the wake periodic, and chaotic transition is averted. In the presence of fluctuating inflow conditions, passive pitching attenuated the fluid loads experienced by the airfoil thus improving the wing’s gust mitigating potential. These findings highlight the favorable properties of passive dynamics in regularizing aerodynamic loads on flapping wing systems and presents viable solutions for artificial flying platforms.
Learning increases growth and reduces inequality in shared noisy environments
Authors: Kemp Jordan T , Bettencourt Luís M A
Published: March 2023

Stochastic multiplicative dynamics characterize many complex natural phenomena such as selection and mutation in evolving populations, and the generation and distribution of wealth within social systems. Population heterogeneity in stochastic growth rates has been shown to be the critical driver of wealth inequality over long time scales. However, we still lack a general statistical theory that systematically explains the origins of these heterogeneities resulting from the dynamical adaptation of agents to their environment. In this paper, we derive population growth parameters resulting from the general interaction between agents and their environment, conditional on subjective signals each agent perceives. We show that average wealth-growth rates converge, under specific conditions, to their maximal value as the mutual information between the agent’s signal and the environment, and that sequential Bayesian inference is the optimal strategy for reaching this maximum. It follows that when all agents access the same statistical environment, the learning process attenuates growth rate disparities, reducing the long-term effects of heterogeneity on inequality. Our approach shows how the formal properties of information underlie general growth dynamics across social and biological phenomena, including cooperation and the effects of education and learning on life history choices.
Toward carbon neutrality: Projecting a desert-based photovoltaic power network circumnavigating the globe
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Liu Junfeng , Ge Wendong , He Cenlin , Ma Jianmin , Tao Shu
Published: March 2023

Carbon, the human's most reliable fuel type in the past, must be neutralized in this century toward the Paris Agreement temperature goals. Solar power is widely believed a key fossil fuel substitute but suffers from the needs of large space occupation and huge energy storage for peak shaving. Here, we propose a solar network circumnavigating the globe to connecting large-scale desert photovoltaics among continents. By evaluating the generation potential of desert photovoltaic plants on each continent (taking dust accumulation into account) and the hourly maximum transmission potential that each inhabited continent can receive (taking transmission loss into account), we find that the current total annual human demand for electricity will be more than met by this solar network. The local imbalanced diurnal generation of photovoltaic energy can be made up by transcontinental power transmission from other power stations in the network to meet the hourly electricity demand. We also find that laying solar panels over a large space may darken the Earth's surface, but this albedo warming effect is orders of magnitude lower than that of CO2 released from thermal power plants. From practical needs and ecological effects, this powerful and stable power network with lower climate perturbability could potentially help to phase out global carbon emissions in the 21st century.
COMPARISON OF RADON EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS ON REFERENCE DEVICE IN OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP BY ALPHAGUARD IN FLOW-THROUGH MODE
Authors: Liu Shuaibin , Lin Fen , Fan Zhongkai , Hu Tao , Mo Yixiang , Yuan Shuai , Xie Ruomei , Li Huiying , Sun Jiale , Yi Haibo , Cheng Linquan , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Zhang Xinyi , Yuan Hongzhi , Tan Yanliang
Published: March 2023

Radon-222 (Rn-222) exhalation rate is vital for estimating radiation risk from many kinds of materials. AlphaGUARD measures the radon concentration based on the ionization chamber principle, which is currently recognized as a reference instrument to measure radon. In China, measurements of radon exhalation rate are performed by AlphaGUARD operated in flow-through mode on a reference device to verify measurement accuracy. These measurements are performed in both open and closed loop. AlphaGUARD can fast rapidly the variation of the radon concentration in the chamber, which is tightly pressed against the surface of the medium to accumulate the exhaled radon. When the model is used to obtain the radon exhalation rate, the radon exhalation rates obtained by nonlinear data fitting on the measured radon concentrations are similar to the reference value of the device. The difference of radon exhalation rate values of six measurements is small.
Neural Correlates of Psychopathic Traits in Schizophrenia: fMRI Study of Response Inhibition in Persistently Violent Patients
Authors: Krakowski Menahem I , Hoptman Matthew J , Czobor Pal
Published: March 2023

Background and Hypothesis

Psychopathic traits play an important role in schizophrenia, particularly for violent behavior. There have been very few functional imaging studies (fMRI) examining the impact of brain dysfunction on psychopathic traits in schizophrenia. Our goal was to evaluate neural abnormalities underlying these traits through fMRI in violent subjects with schizophrenia (VS) and in 3 comparison groups: healthy controls (HC), nonviolent patients (NV), and nonpsychotic violent subjects (NPV).

Study Design

fMRI imaging was used to measure blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation in 95 subjects while they performed a Go/NoGo task: 26 VS, 25 NPV, 26 HC, and 18 NVS. Psychopathy was evaluated through the 2 factors of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL:SV). The subjects were also evaluated for psychiatric symptoms and for educational achievement.

Study Results

Hypoactivation of brain areas involved in response inhibition was related to the severity of psychopathic traits in the violent patients with schizophrenia. These areas included frontal regions, cingulate cortex, insula, precuneus, and basal ganglia. This association was very strong for the first PCL:SV factor, the affective-interpersonal traits, and moderate for the second PCL:SV factor, the antisocial-impulsive traits. The latter traits were also linked to poor educational achievement.

Conclusions

The 2 psychopathic factors have different antecedents and are dissociable at the neural level in schizophrenia. Brain dysfunction is more strongly associated with the affective-interpersonal traits while the antisocial traits are associated with various factors. This has important implications for the conceptualization and treatment of violence in patients with schizophrenia.
Estimation of species divergence times in presence of cross-species gene flow
Authors: Tiley George P , Flouri Tomáš , Jiao Xiyun , Poelstra Jelmer W , Xu Bo , Zhu Tianqi , Rannala Bruce , Yoder Anne D , Yang Ziheng
Published: March 2023

Cross-species introgression can have significant impacts on phylogenomic reconstruction of species divergence events. Here, we used simulations to show how the presence of even a small amount of introgression can bias divergence time estimates when gene flow is ignored in the analysis. Using advances in analytical methods under the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model, we demonstrate that by accounting for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using large phylogenomic data sets this problem can be avoided. The multispecies-coalescent-with-introgression (MSci) model is capable of accurately estimating both divergence times and ancestral effective population sizes, even when only a single diploid individual per species is sampled. We characterize some general expectations for biases in divergence time estimation under three different scenarios: 1) introgression between sister species, 2) introgression between non-sister species, and 3) introgression from an unsampled (i.e., ghost) outgroup lineage. We also conducted simulations under the isolation-with-migration (IM) model and found that the MSci model assuming episodic gene flow was able to accurately estimate species divergence times despite high levels of continuous gene flow. We estimated divergence times under the MSC and MSci models from two published empirical datasets with previous evidence of introgression, one of 372 target-enrichment loci from baobabs (Adansonia), and another of 1000 transcriptome loci from 14 species of the tomato relative, Jaltomata. The empirical analyses not only confirm our findings from simulations, demonstrating that the MSci model can reliably estimate divergence times but also show that divergence time estimation under the MSC can be robust to the presence of small amounts of introgression in empirical datasets with extensive taxon sampling. [divergence time; gene flow; hybridization; introgression; MSci model; multispecies coalescent]