bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial heat flow and geothermal field characteristics in the Bide-Santang basin, western Guizhou, South China
Authors: Guo Chen , Qin Yong , Lu Lingling
Published: January 2018

Geothermal fields in coal-bearing strata significantly influence coal mining and coalbed methane accumulation and development. Based on temperature data from 135 coalfield exploration boreholes and thermophysical tests of 43 rock and coal samples from the Upper Permian coal-bearing strata of the Bide-Santang basin in western Guizhou, South China, the distribution of terrestrial heat flow and the geothermal gradient in the study area are revealed, and the geological controls are analysed. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the coal-bearing strata ranges from 0.357 to 3.878 W (m K)−1 and averages 1.962 W (m K)−1. Thermal conductivity is controlled by lithology and burial depth. Thermal conductivity progressively increases for the following lithologies: coal, mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, and limestone. For the same lithology, the thermal conductivity increases with the burial depth. The present geothermal gradient ranges from 15.5 to 30.3°C km−1 and averages 23.5°C km−1; the terrestrial heat flow ranges from 46.94 to 69.44 mW m−2 and averages 57.55 mW m−2. These values are lower than the averages for South China, indicating the relative tectonic stability of the study area. The spatial distribution of the terrestrial heat flow and geothermal gradient is consistent with the main structural orientation, indicating that the geothermal field distribution is tectonically controlled at the macro-scale. This distribution is also controlled by active groundwater, which reduces the terrestrial heat flow and geotemperature. The high geothermal gradient in the shallow strata (<200 m) is mainly caused by the low thermal conductivity of the unconsolidated sedimentary cover. The gas content of the coal seam is positively correlated with terrestrial heat flow, indicating that inherited palaeogeothermal heat flow from when coalbed methane was generated in large quantities during the Yanshanian period due to intense magmatic activity.
International Migration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence from France
Authors: d’Albis Hippolyte , Boubtane Ekrame , Coulibaly Dramane
Published: January 2018

This article examines the causal relations between immigration and the characteristics of the housing market in host regions. We constructed a unique database from administrative records and used it to assess annual migration flows into France’s twenty-two administrative regions from 1990 to 2013. We then estimated various panel vector autoregression models, taking into account gross domestic product per capita and the unemployment rate as the main regional economic indicators. We find that immigration has no significant effect on property prices but that higher property prices significantly reduce immigration rates. We also find no significant relationship between immigration and social housing supply.
A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula in information science programmes: A focused look at the iSchools
Authors: Ortiz-Repiso Virginia , Greenberg Jane , Calzada-Prado Javier
Published: January 2018

Our rapidly growing, data-driven culture is motivating curriculum change in nearly every discipline, not the least of which is information science. This article explores this change specifically within the iSchool community, in which information science is a major unifying discipline. A cross-institutional analysis of data-related curricula was conducted across 65 iSchools. Results show that a majority of iSchools examined (37 out of 65, 56.9%) currently offer some form of data-related education, particularly at the master’s level, and that approximately 15% of their formal degree offerings have a data focus. Overall, iSchools have a greater emphasis on data science and big data analytics, with only a few programmes providing focused curricula in the area of digital curation. Recommendations are made for iSchools to leverage the interdisciplinary nature of information science, publish curricula and track graduate success so that iSchools may excel in educating information professionals in the data area. Future data education in iSchools may benefit from further interdisciplinary data education, including data curation curricula.
UNC569-induced Morphological Changes in Pigment Epithelia and Photoreceptor Cells in the Retina through MerTK Inhibition in Mice
Authors: Sayama Ayako , Okado Keiko , Nakamura Koichi , Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Iguchi Takuma , Makino Toshihiko , Yabe Koichi , Kai Kiyonori , Mori Kazuhiko
Published: January 2018

Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK), which is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), regulates phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS). To investigate the effects of drug-induced MerTK inhibition on the retina, UNC569, a specific MerTK inhibitor, was orally administered to male mice at a concentration of 60, 100, or 150 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Furthermore, MerTK inhibition in the retinal tissue sample was examined using a phosphorylation assay following a single dose of UNC569 at 100 mg/kg. In electron microscopic examination, UNC569 at 100 mg/kg or more increased phagosomes and phagolysosomes in the RPE. In addition, UNC569 at 150 mg/kg increased chromatin-condensed nuclei in the outer nuclear layer, indicating the early phase of apoptosis of photoreceptor cells. MiR-183, miR-96, and miR-124, which are enriched in photoreceptor cells, were elevated in the plasma of mice following treatment of 150-mg/kg UNC569, in conjunction with the photoreceptor lesion. Additionally, 100-mg/kg UNC569 inhibited MerTK phosphorylation in the retina. These results suggest that MerTK inhibition impaired phagocytic function of the retina, leading to accumulation of shed POS within the POS layer and increasing phagosomes and phagolysosomes in the RPE to delay POS renewal, resulting in apoptosis of photoreceptor cells.
Validations of the OM‐6 Parent‐Proxy Survey for Infants/Toddlers with Otitis Media
Authors: Tao Joy , Schulz Kristine , Jeffe Donna B. , Lieu Judith E. C.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To validate the Otitis Media–6 (OM‐6), a parent‐proxy quality‐of‐life (QOL) questionnaire for infants/young children with OM, against other previously validated generic QOL questionnaires.

Study Design

Multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Twenty‐three otolaryngology, pediatric, and family practices across the United States.

Subjects and Methods

Caregivers of 6‐ to 24‐month‐old children with a history of OM completed the OM‐6, OM History Form, and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Infant Scales survey. Principal components analysis (PCA) examined the underlying factor structure of items on the OM‐6, and Cronbach's α measured the internal consistency of items on each factor. Discriminant validity was assessed with receiver operating curves (ROCs).

Results

Surveys from 1045 patients were analyzed. The overall OM‐6 was strongly to moderately correlated with the PedsQL Infant Scales scores (Pearson r = −0.649 for ages 6‐12 months and −0.566 for ages 13‐24 months). Two underlying constructs, “Behavior and Symptoms” and “Hearing and Speech,” emerged from the PCA. Each factor and the overall OM‐6 showed excellent internal consistency reliability (each Cronbach's α >0.75). The areas under the curve on the ROC analyses were <0.65 for recurrent and chronic OM using a variety of frequency and chronicity cut‐points and definitions.

Conclusion

The OM‐6 measures 2 underlying QOL constructs, Behavior and Symptoms and Hearing/Speech. The overall OM‐6 showed acceptably high internal consistency reliability and good construct validity. However, the ability of the OM‐6 to identify children who have more severe clinical recurrent or chronic OM vs milder disease was not supported by our analysis.
Association of Time between Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy with Survival in Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Chen Michelle M. , Harris Jeremy P. , Orosco Ryan K. , Sirjani Davud , Hara Wendy , Divi Vasu
Published: January 2018

Objective

The National Cancer Center Network recommends starting radiation therapy within 6 weeks after surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), but there is limited evidence of the importance of the total time from surgery to completion of radiation therapy (package time). We set out to determine if there was an association between package time and survival in OCSCC and to evaluate the impact of treatment location on outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

We reviewed the records of patients with OCSCC who completed postoperative radiation therapy at an academic medical center from 2008 to 2016. The primary endpoints were overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Statistical analysis included χ2 tests and Cox proportional hazards regressions.

Results

We identified 132 patients with an average package time of 12.6 weeks. On multivariate analysis, package time >11 weeks was independently associated with decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 6.68; 95% CI, 1.42‐31.44) and recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.20‐7.18). Patients who received radiation therapy at outside facilities were more likely to have treatment delays (90.2% vs 62.9%, P =. 001).

Conclusions

Prolonged package times are associated with decreased overall and recurrence‐free survival among patients with OCSCC. Patients who received radiation therapy at outside facilities are more likely to have prolonged package times.
Book Review: Sekhar Bandopadhyay and Aloka Parasher Sen (eds), Religion and Modernity in India
Authors: Sen Amiya P.
Published: January 2018

Sekhar Bandopadhyay and Aloka Parasher Sen (eds), Religion and Modernity in India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2017, xvi + 308 pp., ₹950 (Hardcover).
Book Review: Megha Kumar, Communalism and Sexual Violence: Ahmedabad Since 1969
Authors: Roy Mallarika Sinha
Published: January 2018

Megha Kumar, Communalism and Sexual Violence: Ahmedabad Since 1969, Tulika Books, New Delhi, 2017, 254 pp., ₹775 (Hardcover).
Book Review: Marc-William Palen, The Conspiracy of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle Over Empire and Economic Globalization, 1846–1896
Authors: Bhattacharya Sabyasachi
Published: January 2018

Marc-William Palen, The Conspiracy of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle Over Empire and Economic Globalization, 1846–1896, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2017, xxxviii + 295 pp., £ 29.99 (Paperback).
The Road Cess, Civilizing Missions and the World of the Landholders in Nineteenth-century Bengal
Authors: Biswas Paulami Guha
Published: January 2018

This article follows the debate on the implementation of the road cess in late nineteenth-century Bengal. To understand how ‘cess’ was defined, it enters the discussion on the problematic category of the ‘local’. The debate in the official circles mainly addressed two questions: whether ‘cess’ was a legal tax or not, and whether cess should be a local tax or a centralized one. The thematic division of the article coincides with the chronology of the road cess in India. The Bengal District Road Cess Act was passed in 1871. The debate on the appropriate incidence of the tax—whether its burden was to be borne by travellers on these roads, or by landholders for the construction of the roads—had intensified by the 1850s. Decades earlier, in the 1810s, the revenue officers of Bengal set out to inquire into the probable existence of a road tax in Shahabad district of Bihar. This article will trace the protracted stages of the history of the road cess in India from the 1780s to 1900, traversing through the theoretical debates on the Permanent Settlement and the practical experiences of cess collection in various districts.
The Sexual Risk Order and the Sexual Harm Prevention Order
Authors: Kingston Sarah , Thomas Terry
Published: January 2018

We now have two years’ experience of the Sexual Risk Order and the Sexual Harm Prevention Order, being the two civil orders brought in to replace and consolidate the old Sexual Offences Prevention Orders (SOPO), the Risk of Sexual Harm Orders (RSHO) and the Foreign Travel Order (FTO). This article looks at the background to these orders that have given the police new powers and the process by which the law was changed to bring in the new orders.
Training for a transformed service
Authors: Smyth Graham , Watson Aileen
Published: January 2018

This article explores the training and early practice experience of the first cohort of probation learners trained under the auspices of ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ (TR). It draws on interviews with learners qualifying in 2016 in order to examine the adequacy of their training and their early perceptions of delivering TR as qualified practitioners. While highlighting their training as stressful and noting issues with TR and some implications of the highly risk-focused nature of NPS work in particular, participants were generally positive about their training and early post-qualification experiences. Some inferences are drawn in relation to the future approach to training.
Prevalence, Trends, and Consequences of Substance Use Among University Students: Implication for Intervention
Authors: Ayalew Meseret , Tafere Mateb , Asmare Yohannes
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to examine the prevalence, trends, and consequences of substance use among university students. The prevalence of substance use, the trends of substance use, and the differences among sociodemographic variables in the experiences of substance use as well as the consequences of substance use among university students were assessed in this study. Using stratified sampling method, 1,156 students were chosen. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that 70%, 79%, and 99% of the participants are users of tobacco product, chat, and alcoholic beverage; the trends of substance use are increasing from time to time. The study also revealed that substance use has negative consequences on duty accomplishment of the users. It is indicated that the trends of substance use are increasing, and substance use has significant consequences on the users and their families. This implies that a special attention needs to be given by policy makers, researchers, humanitarian organizations, and the community, and mainly universities, to overcome this issue.
Assessment of Contraceptive Use by Marriage Type Among Sexually Active Men in Nigeria
Authors: Asa SS , Titilayo A , Kupoluyi JA
Published: January 2018

Marital status, from the perspective of men (and especially sexually active men), as a potential factor that influences contraceptive use for the purposes of fertility control, has received little consideration in the scientific literature. This study thus assesses contraceptive use among sexually active men occupying different marital statuses. The study employed the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset. Using a total sample of 11,476 weighted sexually active men, the study revealed that 30% of the sampled population were currently using contraceptives, with condom as the dominant method (65.9%). The unadjusted odds of contraceptive use was significantly higher (9.4; confidence interval [8.1, 10.9]) among single men than married. Other factors include wealth, educational attainment, ethnicity, region, religion, and age. The study concludes that there are significant differences in contraceptive use between the single and married men and, therefore, recommends that policy and programs be put in place to promote consistent use of contraceptives among married men in Nigeria.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Stârcea Magdalena , Gavrilovici Cristina , Munteanu Mihaela , Miron Ingrith
Published: January 2018

An uncommon side effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) use is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). PRES usually develops because of disturbed capacity of posterior cerebral blood flow to autoregulate an acute rise in blood pressure. We present the case of a 10-year-old girl who was previously diagnosed in our department with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. She was treated with CsA and developed seizures, progressive loss of consciousness, and visual disturbance on the 7th day of treatment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed degeneration of white matter with diffuse demyelination in the parietal and posterior occipital lobes, consistent with the diagnosis of PRES. Cases of PRES reported in children are usually secondary to immunosuppressive therapy in oncological and haematological diseases. Our case is the fifth reported case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children treated with CsA and complicated by PRES. Rapid recognition of PRES and stopping neurotoxic therapy early are essential for a good prognosis.
A Review on Chlamydial Diseases in Animals: Still a Challenge for Pathologists?
Authors: Borel Nicole , Polkinghorne Adam , Pospischil Andreas
Published: January 2018

Chlamydiae have a worldwide distribution causing a wide range of diseases in human hosts, livestock, and companion animals as well as in wildlife and exotic species. Moreover, they can persist in their hosts as asymptomatic infections for extended periods of time. The introduction of molecular techniques has revolutionized the Chlamydia field by expanding the host range of known chlamydial species but also by discovering new species and even new families of bacteria in the broader order Chlamydiales. The wide range of hosts, diseases, and tissues affected by chlamydiae complicate the diagnosis such that standard diagnostic approaches for these bacteria are rare. Bacteria of the Chlamydiales order are small and their inclusions are difficult to detect by standard microscopy. With the exception of avian and ovine chlamydiosis, macroscopic and/or histologic changes might not be pathognomic or indicative for a chlamydial infection or even not present at all. Moreover, detection of chlamydial DNA in specimens in the absence of other methods or related pathological lesions questions the significance of such findings. The pathogenic potential of the majority of recently identified Chlamydia-related bacteria remains largely unknown and awaits investigation through experimental or natural infection models including histomorphological characterization of associated lesions. This review aims to summarize the historical background and the most important developments in the field of animal chlamydial research in the past 5 years with a special focus on pathology. It will summarize the current nomenclature, present critical thoughts about diagnostics, and give an update on chlamydial infections in domesticated animals such as livestock, companion animals and birds, as well as free-ranging and captive wild animals such as reptiles, fish, and marsupials.
The Saliency of Angular Shapes in Threatening and Nonthreatening Faces
Authors: Watier Nicholas
Published: January 2018

Several lines of evidence suggest that angularity and curvilinearity are relied upon to infer the presence or absence of threat. This study examines whether angular shapes are more salient in threatening compared with nonthreatening emotionally neutral faces. The saliency of angular shapes was measured by the amount of local maxima in S(θ), a function that characterizes how the Fourier magnitude spectrum varies along specific orientations. The validity of this metric was tested and supported with images of threatening and nonthreatening real-world objects and abstract patterns that have predominantly angular or curvilinear features (Experiment 1). This metric was then applied to computer-generated faces that maximally correlate with threat (Experiment 2a) and to real faces that have been rated according to threat (Experiment 3). For computer-generated faces, angular shapes became increasingly salient as the threat level of the faces increased. For real faces, the saliency of angular shapes was not predictive of threat ratings after controlling for other well-established threat cues, however, other facial features related to angularity (e.g., brow steepness) and curvilinearity (e.g., round eyes) were significant predictors. The results offer preliminary support for angularity as a threat cue for emotionally neutral faces.
Art Expertise and the Processing of Titled Abstract Art
Authors: Mullennix John W. , Robinet Julien
Published: January 2018

The effect of art expertise on viewers’ processing of titled visual artwork was examined. The study extended the research of Leder, Carbon, and Ripsas by explicitly selecting art novices and art experts. The study was designed to test assumptions about how expertise modulates context in the form of titles for artworks. Viewers rated a set of abstract paintings for liking and understanding. The type of title accompanying the artwork (descriptive or elaborative) was manipulated. Viewers were allotted as much time as they wished to view each artwork. For judgments of liking, novices and experts both liked artworks with elaborative titles better, with overall rated liking similar for both groups. For judgments of understanding, type of title had no effect on ratings for both novices and experts. However, experts’ rated understanding was higher than novices, with experts making their decisions faster than novices. An analysis of viewers’ art expertise revealed that expertise was correlated with understanding, but not liking. Overall, the results suggest that both novices and experts integrate title with visual image in similar manner. However, expertise differentially affected liking and understanding. The results differ from those obtained by Leder et al. The differences between studies are discussed.
Occupational formulation: A three-part structure
Authors: Brooks Rob , Parkinson Sue
Published: January 2018

Occupational formulation is a process of making sense of someone’s circumstances that is informed by occupational theories and concepts. This opinion piece presents occupational formulation as a stage in the occupational therapy process that emerges from professional reasoning. A three-part formulation structure is proposed: occupational influences, occupational presentation and occupational focus. A narrative approach to formulation is recommended which holds occupation at its core and incorporates a client’s subjective perspective. We believe that the proposed formulation approach has the potential to reflect constructs from a range of occupational therapy models to suit the breadth of occupational therapy practice.
Nudge(ography) and practice theories: Contemporary sites of behavioural science and post-structuralist approaches in geography?
Authors: Reid Louise , Ellsworth-Krebs Katherine
Published: January 2018

Within geography there has been considerable debate about the reasons, patterns and consequences of human behaviour. Behavioural science, specifically Nudge, and practice theories are fashionable fields of enquiry, reflecting a long history of conversation between behavioural and poststructuralist approaches. The purpose of this paper is to foster further engagement with and between these perspectives, bringing to the fore the relevant ontologies from which they arise. The paper is thus largely concerned with the ‘ontological politics’ of approaches seeking to understand human action and concludes with some reflections on an agenda for geography, a discipline well placed to unite disparate concepts.
The Relation between Food Insecurity and Mental Health Care Service Utilization in Ontario
Authors: Tarasuk Valerie , Cheng Joyce , Gundersen Craig , de Oliveira Claire , Kurdyak Paul
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To determine the relationship between household food insecurity status over a 12-month period and adults’ use of publicly funded health care services in Ontario for mental health reasons during this period.

Methods:

Data for 80,942 Ontario residents, 18 to 64 years old, who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2005, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, or 2011-2012 were linked to administrative health care data to determine individuals’ hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and visits to psychiatrists and primary care physicians for mental health reasons. Household food insecurity over the past 12 months was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of mental health service utilization in the past 12 months by household food insecurity status, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior use of mental health services.

Results:

In our fully adjusted models, in comparison to food-secure individuals, the odds of any mental health care service utilization over the past 12 months were 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.29) for marginally food-insecure individuals, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42) for moderately food-insecure individuals, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.68) for severely food-insecure individuals. A similar pattern persisted across individual types of services, with odds of utilization highest with severe food insecurity.

Conclusions:

Household food insecurity status is a robust predictor of mental health service utilization among working-age adults in Ontario. Policy interventions are required to address the underlying causes of food insecurity and the particular vulnerability of individuals with mental illness.
Choosing the Best and Scrambling for the Rest: Hospital–Nursing Home Relationships and Admissions to Post-Acute Care
Authors: Shield Renée , Winblad Ulrika , McHugh John , Gadbois Emily , Tyler Denise
Published: January 2018

Objective: We explored post–Affordable Care Act hospital and skilled nursing facility (SNF) perspectives in discharge and admission practices. Method: Interviews were conducted with 138 administrative personnel in 16 hospitals and 25 SNFs in eight U.S. markets and qualitatively analyzed. Results: Hospitals may use prior referral rates and patients’ geographic proximity to SNFs to guide discharges. SNFs with higher hospital referral rates often use licensed nurses to screen patients to admit more preferred patients. While SNFs with lower hospital referral rates use marketing strategies to increase admissions, these patients are often less preferred due to lower reimbursement or complex care needs. Conclusion: An unintended consequence of increased hospital-SNF integration may be greater disparity. SNFs with high hospital referral rates may admit well-reimbursed or less medically complex patients than SNFs with lower referral rates. Without policy remediation, SNFs with lower referral rates may thus care for more medically complex long-term care patients.
Knowledge of Dementia Among the Australian Health Workforce: A National Online Survey
Authors: Annear Michael J.
Published: January 2018

Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability in Australia. This research evaluated dementia knowledge and educational needs among the Australian health workforce. An online version of the validated Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) was administered with a random sample of 234 health professionals across eight Australian states. Respondents provided additional self-report data concerning dementia experiences, educational needs, and demographic information. Dementia knowledge deficiencies were identified concerning risk factors, prevalent typologies of the condition, and cognitive symptoms. Prior university education and dementia-specific training were predictive of significantly higher knowledge scores. Self-reported dementia education needs included nonpharmaceutical interventions for the behavioral and psychological symptoms and best-evidence care provision. Knowledge deficiencies among health workers suggest patients with dementia may not be receiving consistent, best-evidence care in Australia. The research findings will support the development of a targeted online dementia education intervention that aims to improve health worker knowledge and patient care.
Decomposing properties of phosphogypsum with iron addition under two-step cycle multi-atmosphere control in fluidised bed
Authors: Zheng Dalong , Ma Liping , Wang Rongmou , Yang Jie , Dai Quxiu
Published: January 2018

Phosphogypsum is a solid industry by-product generated when sulphuric acid is used to process phosphate ore into fertiliser. Phosphogypsum stacks without pretreatment are often piled on the land surface or dumped in the sea, causing significant environmental damage. This study examined the reaction characteristics of phosphogypsum, when decomposed in a multi-atmosphere fluidised bed. Phosphogypsum was first dried, sieved and mixed proportionally with lignite at the mass ratio of 10:1, it was then immersed in 0.8 [Formula: see text] with a solid–liquid ratio of 8:25. The study included a two-step cycle of multi-atmosphere control. First, a reducing atmosphere was provided to allow phosphogypsum decomposition through partial lignite combustion. After the reduction stage reaction was completed, the reducing atmosphere was changed into an air-support oxidising atmosphere at the constant temperature. Each atmosphere cycle had a conversion time of 30 min to ensure a sufficient reaction. The decomposing properties of phosphogypsum were obtained in different atmosphere cycles, at different reaction temperatures, different heating rates and different fluidised gas velocities, using experimental results combined with a theoretical analysis using FactSage 7.0 Reaction module. The study revealed that the optimum reaction condition was to circulate the atmosphere twice at a temperature of 1100 °C. The heating rate above 800 °C was 5 [Formula: see text], and the fluidised gas velocity was 0.40 [Formula: see text]. The procedure proposed in this article can serve as a phosphogypsum decomposition solution, and can support the future management of this by-product, resulting in more sustainable production.
The feasibility of putrescible components of municipal solid waste for biomethane production at Hyderabad, Pakistan
Authors: Safar Korai M , Bux Mahar R , Aslam Uqaili M , Shankar Bhattacharjee A , Goel Ramesh K
Published: January 2018

This study analyzes the feasibility of putrescible components of municipal solid waste (PCMSW) such as food waste (FW) and yard waste (YW) for methane production in Pakistan. The batch experiments have been conducted at two different inoculums to substrate ratios (ISRs) by using various inoculums under mesophilic condition. The highest methane yield of FW and YW is achieved to be 428 Nml g-1 volatile solids (VS) added and 304 Nml g-1 VS added respectively by using buffalo dung inoculum at ISR-5. While, lowest methane yield of FW and YW is obtained as 236 Nml g-1 VS added and 151Nml g-1 VS added respectively by using effluent from a continuous stirrer tank reactor as inoculum at ISR-3. The first order decay model has been introduced, which gives best fit for methane potential of PCMSW with buffalo dung inoculum. Additionally, the feasibility of PCMSW in terms of power generation potential has been analyzed. About 60.63 million m3/year energy can be generated by converting PCMSW into methane gas leading to power generation. The finding of this study concludes that the replacement of imported energy and reduction up to 1.62% in other primary energy sources would be achieved, if PCMSW are properly converted into energy through anaerobic digestion in Pakistan.
Latino Immigrant Home-Country Media Use and Participation in U.S. Politics
Authors: Vidal Xavier Medina
Published: January 2018

This article examines the ways in which Latino immigrants’ use of news media from their home countries influences their likelihood of participating in politics in the United States. Using data from the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey of 1,005 Latino adults in the United States, I run a set of multivariate analyses to determine whether home-country media use affects the likelihood that Latino immigrants, 52% of whom use home-country media at least a few times per week, will vote, participate in political protests, attend meetings, sign a petition, or make a donation to political causes. I find that home-country media use has a significant, independent effect on the likelihood of protesting and signing petitions. This article bridges our understanding of media effects on participation for Latino immigrants and the importance of transnational political behavior to civic participation and incorporation of immigrants in the United States.
Establishing Journalistic Standards for the Publication of Negative Results
Authors: Kittelman Angus , Gion Cody , Horner Robert H. , Levin Joel R. , Kratochwill Thomas R.
Published: January 2018

We argue in this article that there are conditions in which publication of negative results can make a useful contribution. Three small-scale examinations of journal publication criteria for publishing negative results were conducted. We first reviewed 29 journals from education and school/counseling psychology to assess author submission guidelines for reporting negative results. We then reviewed the most recent issue of each of the 29 journals to determine whether articles reporting negative results were being published. Finally, we surveyed the editors of the 29 journals to examine conditions in which they perceived it appropriate to publish articles that did not demonstrate experimental effects. Results of these studies indicate that currently only one of the 29 journals provides formal guidance to authors about submitting papers with negative results. Two articles published in the 29 journals in their last issue of 2016 contained only negative results. And, of the 60% of the editors who responded to our survey, 96% indicated there were conditions in which publication of negative results was appropriate. In conclusion, we propose situations in which studies reporting negative results would make a valuable contribution.
A Review of Summarizing and Main Idea Interventions for Struggling Readers in Grades 3 Through 12: 1978–2016
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth A. , Park Sunyoung , Vaughn Sharon
Published: January 2018

This systematic review examines the effects of summarizing and main idea interventions on the reading comprehension outcomes of struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. A comprehensive search identified 30 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1978 and 2016. Studies included struggling reader participants in Grades 3 through 12; targeted summarizing or main idea instruction; used an experimental, quasi-experimental, or single-case design; and included a reading comprehension outcome. A meta-analysis of 23 group design studies resulted in a statistically significant mean effect of 0.97. Group size, number of sessions, grade level, and publication year did not moderate treatment effect. Visual analysis of six single-case designs yielded strong evidence for retell measures and a range of evidence for short-answer comprehension measures. Findings suggest that main idea and summarizing instruction may improve struggling readers’ main idea identification and reading comprehension. Limitations include the lack of standardized measures and the unreported, changing description of the counterfactual.
Acute Inflammatory Reaction Following Removal of Hydrophilic Polyacrylamide Gel
Authors: Karlinsky Victoria , Boisvert Judson
Published: January 2018

Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG), although not approved for use in the United States, has been used throughout the world as a permanent filler for aesthetic applications since the 1980s. Numerous articles and case reports have been published highlighting complications arising from its use. In this case report, we present a 54-year-old woman who presented for surgical consultation, requesting removal of previously injected polyacrylamide gel with subsequent silicone implant breast augmentation who experienced an acute reaction following attempted removal of the gel. This report reviews the current use, complications, and management of complications in patient’s previously injected with PAAG.
Exploring the Politics of Collective Bargaining and Unions in Education
Authors: George Casey E. , Ingle W. Kyle , Pogodzinski Ben
Published: January 2018

In this article, we rationalize the relevance of the special issue’s theme for the 2018 Politics of Education Association’s special issue of Educational Policy—the politics of unions and collective bargaining in education. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the structure of the special issue and brief summaries of the articles accepted for publication therein. We conclude with a discussion of the broad implications of these articles for education policy.
Emerging state–business contention in China: Collective action of a business association and China’s fragmented governance structure
Authors: Yingying Ji
Published: January 2018

Based on an in-depth case study of a business association, this article explores how private entrepreneurs are organizing for their rights and highlights contentious facets of the state–business relationship in China. In contrast to depictions common in the literature, this business association actively asserts and seeks to maintain its autonomy vis-a-vis the state and uses innovative strategies to strengthen its own organizational cohesion. It organizes collective actions to defend members’ interests and to enhance the transparency and accountability of the local government. It even advances universal values, such as equal rights to justice. Importantly, however, the initiation and effects of collective actions are contingent on the opportunities embedded in China’s fragmented governance structure. I argue that corporatist analyses characterizing Chinese business associations as lacking autonomy and as partners of the state have overlooked such associations’ potential to engage in confrontations with the state. Combining involvement in the formal institution and contentious collective actions, the association studied displays the tension between the incorporation system and social resistance in contemporary China.
Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite and dutycycle on the structure and corrosion performance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings in simulated body fluid on Ti–6Al–4 V
Authors: Barooghi B , Sheikhi M , Amiri A
Published: January 2018

The formation of titanium oxide coatings on Ti–6Al–4 V substrates by plasma electrolyte oxidation and the corrosion behavior of coatings in simulated body fluid were investigated. The effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite particles to electrolyte and duty cycle of plasma electrolyte oxidation on the coating thickness and its surface morphology was studied. Phase structure and morphology of coated parts were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy. Wear and corrosion resistance were compared in coated and uncoated samples. Biocompatibility of coating was investigated using in vitro immersion in simulated body fluid. It was found that the plasma electrolyte oxidation forms dense and compact oxide coatings with slightly porous outer layers. Formation of apatite phase on the surface of coated samples was examined after immersion in simulated body fluid for two weeks. The corrosion resistance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings formed in electrolyte with high concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite and high duty cycle (60%) is better than the corrosion resistance of plasma electrolyte oxidation coatings formed in other electrolytes. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy results indicate the formation of a complete and preservative coating on Ti base materials.
Compensation of vibration-induced pointing error caused by wind disturbances in large antenna
Authors: Zhang Jie , Huang Jin , Zhao Pengbing , Liang Wei , Tang Xiaodong , Wang Congsi
Published: January 2018

Under different working conditions, scientists need to ensure that the pointing performance of large reflector antenna; however, wind disturbances are the most tricky problems that minimize the pointing accuracy. This is because the wind disturbances have randomness and time-varying characteristics. Davenport spectrum has been widely used to estimate the frequency domain of wind; moreover, it is also used to design the antenna controller in such a way that the servo angle error caused by wind torque gets minimized significantly. But it is difficult to ensure pointing accuracy without considering the reflector vibration caused by wind force. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to overcome wind disturbances. This method introduces the concept of predictable pointing errors in the servo controller. All these predictable errors are induced by vibrations. First, we developed an analysis model to determine pointing errors caused by wind. Second, we develop the wind forecast technique to estimate the future load on antenna structure. Third, using the model predictive control (MPC), we design a novel controller to compensate the future pointing errors. Finally, we conduct a series of tests and analysis. For a 7.3 m antenna, the results indicate that when MPC controller is used in the system, the resultant pointing errors are seven times smaller than the errors witnessed under the traditional controller. This indicates that MPC controller is effective in improving the pointing performance.
A numerical investigation of thermal engine encapsulation concept for a passenger vehicle and its effect on fuel consumption
Authors: Minovski Blago , Andrić Jelena , Löfdahl Lennart , Gullberg Peter
Published: January 2018

Increasingly tough regulations for emission levels and a growing demand for an environmentally clean motor industry impose high requirements in modern automotive development. During recent decades, carmakers have been utilizing various strategies to minimize energy losses in the powertrain to meet legislative and market demands. A great part of research efforts has been focused on improving engine performance during cold starts characterized by increased friction losses. Thermal engine encapsulation is an effective design choice to reduce engine friction in applications with frequent cold starts. In the present work, a coupled 1-D–3-D system-level approach is used to investigate the effects of a novel engine-mounted encapsulation concept featuring air shutters on fuel consumption in a Volvo S80 passenger vehicle. Simulations are performed for sequences of the Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) drive cycle, which include different time intervals of engine inactivity when the car is parked in air of an quiescent ambient temperature. The results show that engine encapsulation with high area coverage (97%) can retain engine oil temperature above 19°C for up to 16 h after engine shutdown at an ambient temperature of 5°C, leading to 2.5% fuel saving during engine warm-up when cold starts occur between 2 and 8 h after key-off. Encapsulations with a lower area coverage (90%) have proven to be less effective, with fuel saving of 1.25% as the temperatures of the oil and engine structures decrease more quickly after key-off compared to the fully enclosed encapsulation.
Study on residual stresses caused by underwater friction stir welding: FE modeling and ultrasonic measurement
Authors: Salimi Solaleh , Bahemmat Pouya , Haghpanahi Mohammad
Published: January 2018

Predicting residual stresses arising from the thermal and mechanical loading history during engineering processes including welding would be a viable tool to reach the optimum process parameters. In the present article, an elasto-thermo-visco-plastic model has been employed to estimate the residual stress caused by the underwater friction stir welding, which are resulted by large thermo-mechanical deformations on one hand and rapid cooling arising from the enormous non-uniform boiling heat convention of water on the other hand. Finally, the numerical results are compared with experimental data acquired by the ultrasonic method to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation process. Regarding the low temperature during underwater friction stir welding, the employed constitutive equations result in acceptable residual stress fields, while for in-air case, the amount of error increases significantly due to experience of high temperatures and intensification in hardening precipitation phenomena.
Experimental study of supersonic co-flowing jet
Authors: Satyajit De , Rathakrishnan Ethirajan
Published: January 2018

A detailed experimental study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of a Mach 2 primary jet in the presence of a Mach 1.6 annular co-flow. The lip thickness of the inner nozzle was 7.75 mm. The characteristics of jets were investigated at nozzle pressure ratios 3 to 8, in steps of 1. At nozzle pressure ratios 3 to 7, the centre jet is overexpanded; and at nozzle pressure ratio 8, it is marginally underexpanded. Both primary and secondary jets were operated at the nozzle pressure ratio. Centreline pressure distribution was measured to examine the supersonic core length of the centre jet in the presence and absence of the co-flow at all nozzle pressure ratios. It is found that the co-flow reduces the core length of the primary jet at all overexpanded states. A maximum core length reduction of about 61% is at nozzle pressure ratio 4, whereas the core increases by 5% at the marginally underexpanded state corresponding to nozzle pressure ratio 8. The co-flow jet merges with the primary jet at 4 D, at nozzle pressure ratio 3, and at 8 D for nozzle pressure ratios above 4. Shadowgraph images of the jet in the presence and absence of co-flow reveal that the waves in the core of the jet are strongly influenced by the co-flow.
A constant guidance law-based collision avoidance for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Gai Wendong , Zhang Ning , Zhang Jing , Li Yuxia
Published: January 2018

A method of automatic collision avoidance based on constant guidance law is proposed to solve the problem that the collision avoidance time is difficult to be estimated accurately during the collision avoidance process. The guidance command of the collision avoidance method is constant, and the lower bound of the constant guidance command satisfying the safe collision avoidance requirement is given by geometric method. Then, a collision avoidance time estimation method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed. In addition, the attitude control loop adopts the nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative based on tracking-differentiator, and the sufficient conditions for the system stability are given using the T-passive method. The simulation results show that the collision avoidance time estimation error is small and the maneuvering range of collision avoidance is smaller than the collision avoidance method based on proportional guidance and nonlinear dynamic inverse guidance. This method can achieve collision avoidance under the influence of wind disturbance and safety distance abrupt change.
Women Interact More Comfortably and Intimately With Gay Men—But Not Straight Men—After Learning Their Sexual Orientation
Authors: Russell Eric M. , Ickes William , Ta Vivian P.
Published: January 2018

Research suggests that the development of close, opposite-sex friendships is frequently impeded by men’s often one-sided sexual attraction to women. But what if this element were removed? The current research tested the hypothesis that women engage in more comfortable and intimate interactions with a gay (but not a straight) man immediately after discovering his sexual orientation. In two studies, female participants engaged in imagined or actual initial interactions with either a straight man or a gay man. After the man’s sexual orientation was revealed, women (particularly attractive ones) who were paired with a gay man reported greater anticipated comfort, which was mediated by their reduced worry about his sexual intentions (Study 1). Further, once women discovered that they were interacting with a gay man, they displayed more intimate engagement behaviors with him (Study 2). These findings reveal how, and why, close relationships often form quickly between women and gay men.