bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban tourists' intention towards visiting national parks: an exertion of theory of planned behaviour and expectancy theory
Authors: Al Rousan Ramzi , Siddiqui Samiha , Bano Naseem , Sujood
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the key factors affecting the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting national parks by integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and expectancy theory (ET).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from urban tourists using an online questionnaire developed through Google forms. A total of 489 valid online questionnaires were considered for this study. The proposed research model was empirically evaluated using the structural equation modelling method.

Findings

According to the results of this research, TPB constructs are significantly and positively associated with the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting national parks in India and out of ET constructs, only expectancy and valence are significantly and positively associated with behavioural intention while instrumentality does not.

Research limitations/implications

This study manifests the behaviour of urban tourists towards national parks and contributes to academics by incorporating existing literature. The findings of this study also help policymakers in formulating innovative strategies for national parks. It presents an integrated framework that lays the platform for a new study domain on urban tourists' intentions to visit national parks, which will be useful to urban managers, officials and the tourism sector. Furthermore, as the scope of this study is confined to assessing the intentions of urban tourists toward visiting national parks, it is difficult to generalize the findings.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research of its kind to provide an understanding of the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting the national parks in India by optimizing the TPB and ET.
The practice of incident reporting and management: current challenges and opportunities for mental health trusts in England
Authors: Wood David , Robinson Catherine , Nathan Rajan , McPhillips Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Purpose

New patient safety frameworks are being implemented to improve the impact of incident reporting and management across the National Health Service (NHS) in England. This study aims to examine the current practices in this domain of patient safety in a sample of mental health trusts, a setting in which limitations in the current practice of serious incident management have been reported. The authors present key recommendations to maximise the opportunities to improve current incident reporting and management practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Ethical approval for the study was granted. A Web-based questionnaire was designed to examine current practices concerning incident reporting and management. It was refined based on consultation. Patient safety incident managers within mental health trusts in England were recruited. Twenty-nine mental health trusts responded, from a total of 51. The questionnaire study data were analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Findings

Current approaches used to report and manage incidents have been established and variation in practice demonstrated. A key finding for attention is that the training and education that investigators of serious incidents receive falls short of the recommended minimum national standard of 15 h, with a sample mean of 10.3 h and median of 8.0 h.

Originality/value

Recommendations at a local and national level are presented, which, if implemented, can maximise the impact of incident reporting and management practices in mental health trusts. Future qualitative research is indicated, to understand the perceptual experience and meaning behind the findings across a wider group of stakeholders.
The role of inclusive leadership in fostering organisational learning behaviour
Authors: Nejati Mehran , Shafaei Azadeh
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Organisational learning is fundamental in establishing a fearless organisation, creating a competitive advantage and maintaining a sustained growth. While research suggests that leaders can influence organisational learning, there is currently no empirical evidence on how inclusive leadership fosters organisational learning behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between inclusive leadership and organisational learning behaviour. It also seeks to explore the mediating role of psychological safety and climate for initiatives in the mentioned relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a two-wave quantitative examination with 317 respondents. Online survey was used to collect data from randomly selected full-time Australian employees in two times. The data were then analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to provide insights.

Findings

The study found empirical evidence on the positive association of inclusive leadership and organisational learning behaviour. Moreover, the two mediation paths of psychological safety and climate for initiative were supported for the relationship between inclusive leadership and organisational learning behaviour.

Research limitations/implications

The current study contributes to theory by examining the role of inclusive leadership on organisational learning behaviour through two relatively unexplored mediating paths. It suggests how inclusive leadership can create a fearless organisation through fostering learning behaviour within the organisation which empowers organisations to sustain growth. Despite controlling for and assessing endogeneity, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, it is limited in demonstrating causal links.

Originality/value

The current study provides empirical evidence on the role of inclusive leadership in fostering organisational learning behaviour through two mediating paths of psychological safety and climate for initiatives. The proposed model sets the ground for future research to further develop insights on positive impacts of inclusive leadership within organisations.
Routine placental histopathology findings from women testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 during pregnancy: Retrospective cohort comparative study
Authors: Colley Charlotte S. , Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Whitten Sara M. , Siassakos Dimitrios , Sebire Neil J. , Hillman Sara L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

To assess the impact of maternal Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection on placental histopathological findings in an unselected population and evaluate the potential effect on the fetus, including the possibility of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).

Design

Retrospective cohort comparative study of placental histopathological findings in patients with COVID‐19, compared with controls.

Setting

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, placentas were studied from women at University College Hospital London who reported and/or tested positive for COVID‐19.

Population

Of 10 508 deliveries, 369 (3.5%) women had COVID‐19 during pregnancy, with placental histopathology available for 244 women.

Methods

Retrospective review of maternal and neonatal characteristics, where placental analysis had been performed. This was compared with available, previously published, histopathological findings from placentas of unselected women.

Main outcome measures

Frequency of placental histopathological findings and relevant clinical outcomes.

Results

Histological abnormalities were reported in 117 of 244 (47.95%) cases, with the most common diagnosis being ascending maternal genital tract infection. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of most abnormalities compared with controls. There were four cases of COVID‐19 placentitis (1.52%, 95% CI 0.04%–3.00%) and one possible congenital infection, with placental findings of acute maternal genital tract infection. The rate of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM), at 4.5%, was higher compared with controls (p = 0.00044).

Conclusions

In most cases, placentas from pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus do not show a significantly increased frequency of pathology. Evidence for transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is lacking from this cohort. There is a need for further study into the association between FVM, infection and diabetes.
Preventing selfie‐related incidents: Taking a public health approach to reduce unnecessary burden on emergency medicine services
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Brander Robert W , Peden Amy E
Published: April 2023

Unintentional deaths from selfies have received limited exposure in emergency medicine literature; yet trauma remains the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults, and most of those implicated in a selfie incident are in this demographic. Selfie‐related injuries and deaths may be a relatively new phenomenon, but data suggest they are a public health hazard that is not going away. Emergency medicine practitioners may have a role to play in the primary and secondary prevention of selfie incidents, including delivering opportunistic behaviour change messaging to those who are at risk of being injured or killed in a selfie‐related incident, particularly young (14–25 years) males. Emergency medicine specialists should be aware of the dangers of selfie‐related incidents and understand their polytraumatic presentation.
Effects of neprilysin and neprilysin inhibitors on glucose homeostasis: Controversial points and a promising arena
Authors: AlAnazi Faisal Holil , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Ogaly Hanan A. , Alanazi Yousef Abud , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: April 2023

Neprilysin (NEP) is a transmembrane zinc‐dependent metalloproteinase that inactivates various peptide hormones including glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1). NEP inhibitors may be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing the circulating level of GLP‐1. However, acute‐effect NEP inhibitors may lead to detrimental effects by increasing blood glucose independent of GLP‐1. These findings suggest a controversial point regarding the potential role of NEP inhibitors on glucose homeostasis in T2DM patients. Therefore, this perspective aimed to clarify the controversial points concerning the role of NEP inhibitors on glucose homeostasis in T2DM. NEP inhibitors may lead to beneficial effects by inhibition of NEP, which is involved in the impairment of glucose homeostasis through modulation of insulin resistance. NEP increases dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) activity and contributes to increasing active GLP‐1 proteolysis so NEP inhibitors may improve glycemic control through increasing endogenous GLP‐1 activity and reduction of DPP4 activity. Thus, NEP inhibitors could be effective alone or in combination with antidiabetic agents in treating T2DM patients. However, long‐term and short‐term effects of NEP inhibitors may lead to a detrimental effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis through different mechanisms including augmentation of substrates and pancreatic amyloid deposition. These findings are confirmed in animal but not in humans. In conclusion, NEP inhibitors produce beneficial rather than detrimental effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans though most of the detrimental effects of NEP inhibitors are confirmed in animal studies.
Foreign direct investments and the dynamics of trade and capital flows: Schumpeterian insights for sustained development
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Patrick , Flassbeck Heiner
Published: April 2023

This article analyses the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in trade and development theory and outlines the resulting implications for economic policy. We propose an alternative model of international trade and development based on absolute, not comparative advantages of firms, which are nested in countries but compete internationally. Applying a Schumpeterian theory of dynamic development, we consider how firms can either increase their competitiveness through productivity gains at a given wage level, or by combining the existing high level of productivity with lower wages in low‐income countries. We argue that the aim of competition policy must be to improve the quality of economic competition in international markets, limit monopoly rents and disincentivise rent‐seeking activities through the mere outsourcing of production. To that end, we propose that economic policy must reinstate rigorous wage bargaining regimes and make FDI subject to wage conditionality, obliging foreign companies to increase their wages in the host economy in line with average national productivity growth and the national inflation target.
Significance of cuproptosis‐related lncRNA signature in LUAD prognosis and immunotherapy: A machine learning approach
Authors: Yang Lihong , Cui Yazhou , Liang Lu , Lin Jianping
Published: April 2023

Objective

Cuproptosis‐related genes are closely related to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which can be analyzed via the analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). To date, the clinical significance and function of cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs are still not well elucidated. Further analysis of cuproptosis‐related prognostic lncRNAs is of great significance for the treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis of LUAD.

Methods

In this study, a multiple machine learning (ML)‐based computational approach was proposed for the identification of the cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs signature (CRlncSig) via comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis, lncRNAs, and clinical characteristics. The proposed approach integrated multiple ML algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression) to effectively identify the CRlncSig.

Results

Based on the proposed approach, the CRlncSig was identified from the 3450 cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs, which consist of 13 lncRNAs (CDKN2A‐DT, FAM66C, FAM83A‐AS1, AL359232.1, FRMD6‐AS1, AC027237.4, AC023090.1, AL157888.1, AL627443.3, AC026355.2, AC008957.1, AP000346.1, and GLIS2‐AS1).

Conclusions

The CRlncSig could well predict the prognosis of different LUAD patients, which is different from other clinical features. Moreover, the CRlncSig was proved to be an effective indicator of patient survival via functional characterization analysis, which is relevant to cancer progression and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the results of RT‐PCR assay indicated that the expression level of FAM83A‐AS1 and AC026355.2 in A549 and H1975 cells (LUAD) was significantly higher than that in BEAS‐2B cells (normal lung epithelial).
Citizens in uniform
Authors: Takabvirwa Kathryn
Published: April 2023

Amid economic and sociopolitical turmoil in Zimbabwe, police roadblocks proliferated throughout the country, creating sites not only of extraction but also of citizen engagement. These sites show that sociality mediates policing, as police and policed together negotiate the precarities of living in the wake of crisis. Roadblocks are key to the performance of the state as such. Yet this occasions the very stage on which the state's failings are manifested, as officers are rendered highly visible and scrutable on the road—this visibility is central to sociality, in a mechanism of power that relies on enfleshing the system of policing by those through whom the state acts. Whereas conceptualizations of governance in Africa often take people as a corrupting element, here, the peopling of the system is central to its operation. Encounters at roadblocks invite a reconsideration of reified ideals of policing and power in governance, including reified concepts of disciplinary power.
Current management of uveal melanoma: A review
Authors: Bai Haixia , Bosch Jacobus J. , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: April 2023

Uveal melanoma is the most frequent primary intraocular cancer in adulthood and is mostly localised to the choroid. It can be treated using radiation therapy, laser therapy, local resection and enucleation, with the best results achieved by combining these procedures. However, up to half of patients develop metastatic disease. There are no efficacious treatment methods for patients in advanced stage or with metastasis. In recent years, several novel treatment modalities aimed at improving tumour control and reducing adverse events have emerged. This review summarises current clinical treatment methods and new therapeutic perspectives for uveal melanoma.
Cortical dopamine D5 receptors regulate neuronal circuit oscillatory activity and memory in rats
Authors: Albeely Abdalla M. , Nolan Caitlin J. , Rasmussen Duncan J. , Bailey Craig D. C. , Perreault Melissa L.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) shows high expression in cortical regions, yet the role of the receptor in learning and memory remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of prefrontal cortical (PFC) D5R knockdown in rats on learning and memory and assessed the role of the D5R in the regulation of neuronal oscillatory activity and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3β), processes integral to cognitive function.

Materials and Methods

Using an adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector, male rats were infused with shRNA to the D5R bilaterally into the PFC. Local field potential recordings were taken from freely moving animals and spectral power and coherence were evaluated in, and between, the PFC, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), hippocampus (HIP), and thalamus. Animals were then assessed in object recognition, object location, and object in place tasks. The activity of PFC GSK‐3β, a downstream effector of the D5R, was evaluated.

Results

AAV‐mediated knockdown of the D5R in the PFC induced learning and memory deficits. These changes were accompanied by elevations in PFC, OFC, and HIP theta spectral power and PFC‐OFC coherence, reduced PFC‐thalamus gamma coherence, and increased PFC GSK‐3β activity.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates a role for PFC D5Rs in the regulation of neuronal oscillatory activity and learning and memory. As elevated GSK‐3β activity has been implicated in numerous disorders of cognitive dysfunction, this work also highlights the potential of the D5R as a novel therapeutic target via suppression of GSK‐3β.
The first 10 years of simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation in Finland
Authors: Ahopelto Kaisa , Sallinen Ville , Helanterä Ilkka , Bonsdorff Akseli , Grasberger Juulia , Beilmann‐Lehtonen Ines , Mäkisalo Heikki , Nordin Arno , Ortiz Fernanda , Savikko Johanna , Tukiainen Eija , Uutela Aki , Ekstrand Agneta , Lempinen Marko
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplantation (SPK) is an option for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and kidney failure but can be associated with a high complication rate. Here we describe our 10‐year experience since the launch of the SPK program.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients with T1D receiving SPK from March 14, 2010 to March 14, 2020 at Helsinki University Hospital. Portocaval anastomosis (i.e., systemic venous drainage) and enteric exocrine drainage were used. A specific team was trained for both pancreas retrieval and transplantation, postoperative care was standardized to include somatostatin analogues, antimicrobial treatment, and preoperatively initiated chemothrombopropylaxis. During program maturation donor criteria were expanded and logistical processes improved to minimize cold ischemia time. Clinical data were collected from a nationwide transplantation registry and patient records.

Results

A total of 166 SPKs were performed (median 2 per year in the first 3 years, 17.5 per year for the following 4 years, and 23 per year for the past 3 years). Seven patients (4.1%) died with a functioning graft with a median 43 months follow‐up. One‐year pancreas graft survival was 97.0%, 3‐year pancreas graft survival was 96.1% and 5‐year was 96.1%. Mean HbA1c was 36 mmol/mol (SD 5.57) and creatinine was 107 μmol/L (SD 34.69) at 1‐year after transplantation. All kidney grafts were functioning at the end of follow‐up. Complications required re‐laparotomy in 39 (23%) patients, mostly due to a pancreas graft related problem (N = 28). No pancreas or kidney graft failure from thrombosis occurred.

Conclusion

A planned, step‐wise development of an SPK program offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with T1D and kidney failure.
Impact of an artificial intelligence‐aided endoscopic diagnosis system on improving endoscopy quality for trainees in colonoscopy: Prospective, randomized, multicenter study
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Shimoda Ryo , Miyahara Koichi , Yukimoto Takahiro , Sakata Yasuhisa , Takamori Ayako , Mizuta Yumi , Fujimura Yutaro , Inoue Suma , Tomonaga Michito , Ogino Yuya , Eguchi Kohei , Ikeda Kei , Tanaka Yuichiro , Takedomi Hironobu , Hidaka Hidenori , Akutagawa Takashi , Tsuruoka Nanae , Noda Takahiro , Tsunada Seiji , Esaki Motohiro
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate whether the use of CAD EYE (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) for colonoscopy improves colonoscopy quality in gastroenterology trainees.

Methods

The patients in this multicenter randomized controlled trial were divided into Group A (observation using CAD EYE) and Group B (standard observation). Six trainees performed colonoscopies using a back‐to‐back method in pairs with gastroenterology experts. The primary end‐point was the trainees' adenoma detection rate (ADR), and the secondary end‐points were the trainees' adenoma miss rate (AMR) and Assessment of Competency in Endoscopy (ACE) tool scores. Each trainee's learning curve was evaluated using a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart.

Results

We analyzed data for 231 patients (Group A, n = 113; Group B, n = 118). The ADR was not significantly different between the two groups. Group A had a significantly lower AMR (25.6% vs. 38.6%, P = 0.033) and number of missed adenomas per patient (0.5 vs. 0.9, P = 0.004) than Group B. Group A also had significantly higher ACE tool scores for pathology identification (2.26 vs. 2.07, P = 0.030) and interpretation and identification of pathology location (2.18 vs. 2.00, P = 0.038). For the CUSUM learning curve, Group A showed a trend toward a lower number of cases of missed multiple adenomas by the six trainees.

Conclusion

CAD EYE did not improve ADR but decreased the AMR and improved the ability to accurately locate and identify colorectal adenomas. CAD EYE can be assumed to be beneficial for improving colonoscopy quality in gastroenterology trainees.

Trial registration

University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000044031).
MBRSDTC: Design of a multimodal bioinspired model to improve resource scheduling efficiency with differential task‐level constraints
Authors: Brahmam Madala Guru , Anand R. Vijay
Published: April 2023

Scheduling of resources in cloud environments requires design of multiple pattern analysis models that include but are not limited to, inter‐task dependency pattern analysis, make‐span pattern analysis, virtual machine (VM or resource) based capacity analysis, deadline analysis, and VM‐to‐task compatibility analysis. Existing scheduling models are either highly complex, or do not integrate comprehensive analysis modules for efficient scheduling of resources to tasks. Moreover, some of these models showcase limited scalability when applied to large‐scale deployment scenarios. To overcome these issues, this text proposes design of a multimodal bioinspired model to improve resource‐scheduling efficiency with differential task‐level constraints. The proposed model initially collects multimodal information sets about tasks and underlying resources in order to augment analysis efficiency for different task types. These information sets are initially processed by a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)‐based scheduling model that assists in grouping tasks based on their make‐span, deadline and dependency levels. The grouped tasks are then scheduled via an incremental learning Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) model that assists in assigning grouped tasks to capacity‐tuned resources (or VMs). Due to integration of these optimization methods, the proposed model is capable of improving the efficiency of resource scheduling by 8.5%, while reducing computational complexity by 4.3%, while improving the deadline hit ratio by 5.9%, and lowering energy consumption by 1.5% when compared with standard machine learning based scheduling techniques. Due to which the proposed model is capable of deployment for a wide variety of real‐time scheduling scenarios.
Hyperspectral imaging for early diagnosis of diseases: A review
Authors: Mangotra Harshita , Srivastava Sahima , Jaiswal Garima , Rani Ritu , Sharma Arun
Published: April 2023

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has grown to be one of the most crucial optical imaging modalities with applications in numerous industries. The non‐invasive nature of HSI has led to widening its horizon to the medical domain, especially in areas like early diagnosis of various diseases. HSI combines both imaging and spectroscopy properties, thereby exploiting spectral and spatial dimensions of images captured, providing quick and accurate interpretation of data. The current study aims to give an exhaustive overview of HSI's applications pertaining to the medical industry for fast detection of diseases and aiding in surgical procedures. The survey focuses on hyperspectral imaging combined with various approaches ‐ machine learning, deep learning, genetic algorithms, and anomaly detection for the treatment of disorders. In addition, the survey highlights accompanying pre‐processing approaches, performance metrics, inferences, and future prospects of HSI in the medical domain. The current study can gauge computer vision specialists, researchers in machine and deep learning domain, doctors, and scientists by giving them a platform for improving existing treatment methods for the betterment of society.
Trade‐offs between baseline thermal tolerance and thermal tolerance plasticity are much less common than it appears
Authors: Gunderson Alex R.
Published: April 2023

Thermal tolerance plasticity is a core mechanism by which organisms can mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, there is a need to understand how variation in tolerance plasticity arises. The baseline tolerance/plasticity trade‐off hypothesis (hereafter referred to as the trade‐off hypothesis, TOH) has recently emerged as a potentially powerful explanation. The TOH posits that organisms with high baseline thermal tolerance have reduced thermal tolerance plasticity relative to those with low baseline tolerance. Many studies have found support for the TOH. However, this support must be regarded cautiously because the most common means of testing the TOH can yield spurious “trade‐offs” due to regression to the mean. I acquired data for 25 previously published analyses that supported the TOH at the intraspecific level and reanalyzed them after applying a method that adjusts plasticity estimates for regression to the mean. Only six of the 25 analyses remained statistically significant after adjustment, and effect size and variance explained decreased in all cases. The few data sets in which support for the TOH was maintained after adjustment point to areas of future study, but are too few to make generalizations at this point. In sum, regression to the mean has led to a substantial overestimation of support for the TOH and must be accounted for in future tests of the hypothesis.
Retracted publications in autism research are mostly concerned with ethical misconduct
Authors: Charbonneau Deborah H. , Ketcheson Leah R.
Published: April 2023

Background

As the prevalence of autism appears to increase, more research to guide effective diagnosis and intervention practices is needed. Findings disseminated through peer‐reviewed publications are critical, but the number of retractions continues to rise. An understanding of retracted publications is imperative to ensure the body of evidence is corrected and current.

Objectives

The objectives of this analysis were to summarize key characteristics of retracted publications in autism research, examine the length of time between publication and retraction, and assess the extent journals are adhering to publishing ethical guidelines for reporting retracted articles.

Methods

We searched five databases through 2021 (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Retraction Watch).

Results

A total of 25 retracted articles were included in the analysis. Ethical misconduct accounted for the majority of retractions rather than scientific error. The shortest time to retraction was 2 months and the longest length was 144 months.

Discussion

The time lag between publication and retraction since 2018 has improved considerably. Nineteen of the articles had retraction notices (76%), whereas six articles did not have a notice (24%).

Conclusion

These findings summarize errors of previous retractions and illuminate opportunities for researchers, journal publishers and librarians to learn from retracted publications.
Artificial intelligence adoption and system‐wide change
Authors: Agrawal Ajay , Gans Joshua S. , Goldfarb Avi
Published: April 2023

Analyses of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption focus on its adoption at the individual task level. What has received significantly less attention is how AI adoption is shaped by the fact that organizations are composed of many interacting tasks. AI adoption may, therefore, require system‐wide change, which is both a constraint and an opportunity. We provide the first formal analysis where multiple tasks may be part of an interdependent system. We find that reliance on AI, a prediction tool, increases decision variation, which, in turn, raises challenges if decisions across the organization interact. Reducing inter‐dependencies between decisions softens that impact and can facilitate AI adoption. However, it does this at the expense of synergies. By contrast, when there are mechanisms for inter‐decision coordination, AI adoption is enhanced when there are more inter‐dependencies. Consequently, we show that there are important cases where AI adoption will be enhanced when it can be adopted beyond tasks but as part of a designed organizational system.
Digital duplication of maxillary complete denture: A dental technique
Authors: Fekri Lina Khalaf , Abdelaziz Medhat Sameh
Published: April 2023

Objective

This technique aims to construct a virtual, well‐adapted maxillary denture from an existing, ill‐fitting denture in completely edentulous patients.

Clinical Considerations

A functional impression is made using the loose maxillary denture, and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the entire old denture is carried out. The obtained digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) file was segmented using an image computing platform software (3D slicer). The resultant Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file was 3D printed in porcelain white‐like resin, then colored and characterized.

Conclusions

The technique introduces a high‐quality digital denture replicate with good retention, that can replace the traditional duplication technique. It can also be used as a relining method for old dentures. This proposed digital technique reduces the number of clinical appointments while also providing a digital library for future denture manufacture.

Clinical Significance

The proposed technique offers a high‐quality digital denture replicate that can replace the traditional duplication technique. This digital technique also reduces the number of clinical appointments required for denture duplication.
Hematological and serum biochemistry evaluation in howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella): A comparative study
Authors: da Silva Gessiane Pereira , Pereira Thyago Habner de Souza , de Melo Josi Teixeira , Imbeloni Aline Amaral , Andrade Rafael do Santos de , Monteiro Maria Vivina Barros , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros , Takeshita Rafaela S. C.
Published: April 2023

Background

Evaluation of blood parameters in captive non‐human primates (NHPs) is crucial for monitoring their health and ensuring that their environment meets their physiological requirements.

Methods

We performed hemogram, serum biochemistry, and parasitological exams in 20 howler monkeys and 21 capuchin monkeys.

Results

In both species, over 50% of the individuals presented at least one parasite. There was a negative effect of age on red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, platelets, total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase, and a positive effect on the A:G ratio, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Capuchin monkeys presented the highest platelets and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values and howler monkeys presented the highest MPV, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, amylase, glucose, bilirubin, and triglycerides values. We observed an interaction between species and sex on RBC, Htc, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and cholesterol.

Conclusions

Species differences found in blood parameters may reflect differences in physiological adaptations associated with ecological and morphological traits and are clinically relevant for evaluating animal health and the suitability of breeding programs.
Impact of temporomandibular disorders on oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qamar Zeeshan , Alghamdi Ahmed Mohammed Saad , Haydarah Naji Khaled Bin , Balateef Abdulateef Ahmed , Alamoudi Ahmed Aydhah , Abumismar Munther Amer , Shivakumar Sahana , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Background

The management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) requires a comprehensive approach that considers multiple factors, including the impact of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Through this investigation we aim to assess the impact of OHRQoL played in a TMD‐afflicted individual.

Methods

Using keywords relevant to our research, such as “Oral health related quality of life,” “Oral hygiene,” “Temporomandibular joint” and “Temporomandibular disorders,” a comprehensive search across multiple online databases was carried out, yielding a total of 632 studies at the preliminary stage of the review. Modified New Castle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies included.

Results

Eight studies were included in the review, out of which six were eligible for further meta‐analysis. The studies included in this review employed various OHRQoL measures, including the Oral Health Impact Profile—14 (OHIP—14), the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) and the OHIP‐ 49. All the studies demonstrated significant effect of TMDs on the OHRQoL of the target population under study.

Conclusion

The impact of OHRQoL on the management of TMD was deemed to be significant. The comprehensive management of TMD should consider the impact of the condition on the individual's daily life and incorporate interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. By improving OqL, individuals with TMD can experience improved overall well‐being and quality of life.
Urinary liver‐type fatty acid binding protein is increased in the early stages of the disease with a risk of acute kidney injury induced by histone
Authors: Ohata Keiichi , Sugaya Takeshi , Nguyen Hanh Nhung , Hatanaka Yuri , Uno Kinuko , Tohma Marika , Oikawa Tsuyoshi , Nagabukuro Hiroshi , Kuniyeda Kanako , Kamijo‐Ikemori Atsuko , Suzuki‐Kemuriyama Noriko , Nakae Dai , Noiri Eisei , Miyajima Katsuhiro
Published: April 2023

Aim

Urinary liver‐type fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP) has potential utility as an early prognostic biomarker ahead of traditional severity scores in coronavirus disease 2019 and sepsis, however, the mechanism of elevated urinary L‐FABP in the disease has not been clearly elucidated. We investigated the background mechanisms of urinary L‐FABP excretion through non‐clinical animal model focusing on histone, which is one of the aggravating factors in these infectious diseases.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were placed in central intravenous catheters, and these rats were given a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/min calf thymus histones for 240 min from caudal vena cava.

Results

After the administration of histone, urinary L‐FABP and gene expression of an oxidative stress marker in the kidney increased in a histone dose‐dependent manner before increased serum creatinine. Upon further investigation, fibrin deposition in the glomerulus was observed and it tended to be remarkable in the high dose administrated groups. The levels of coagulation factor were significantly changed after the administration of histone, and these were significantly correlated with the levels of urinary L‐FABP.

Conclusions

Firstly, it was suggested that histone is one of the causative agents for the urinary L‐FABP increase at an early stage of the disease with a risk of acute kidney injury. Secondly, urinary L‐FABP could be a marker reflecting the changes of coagulation system and microthrombus caused by histone in the early stage of acute kidney injury before becoming severely ill and maybe a guide to early treatment initiation.
Barriers and facilitators to resilience for rural cancer survivors during COVID‐19
Authors: Bernacchi Veronica , LeBaron Virginia , Porter Kathleen , Zoellner Jamie , DeGuzman Pam
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators of resilience for rural cancer survivors during COVID‐19. A descriptive qualitative study design was used to achieve the study objected. We recruited six posttreatment cancer survivors, four caregivers of cancer survivors, and one survivor who also identified as a caregiver, all from rural Southwest Virginia. Participants completed 60–90 minute virtual interviews that were recorded, transcribed, and verified in Dedoose qualitative software. Data was analyzed using an inductive and deductive coding strategies, and thematic analysis was used to develop key themes. Four key themes emerged from the data: 1) Religious faith is a primary source of resilience, 2) Spiritual cancer care strengthens resilience, 3) Virtual platforms provide critical connections to faith communities, and 4) Fearful and fatalistic cancer beliefs reduce resilience. The findings provide critical descriptive evidence that faith facilitates resilience for rural cancer survivors, while rural cultural norms of fearful and fatalistic cancer beliefs reduce resilience. In the context of COVID‐19, rural survivors prioritize utilizing virtual support groups to strengthen their resilience. Nurses should incorporate a spiritual assessment into survivorship care, and guide survivors to existing virtual support groups.
Offset or reduce: How should firms implement carbon footprint reduction initiatives?
Authors: Roemer Nils , Souza Gilvan C. , Tröster Christian , Voigt Guido
Published: April 2023

Carbon emissions reduction initiatives have received considerable attention at the corporate level. Companies such as Daimler, Apple, and Amazon have publicly declared their goal of becoming carbon neutral or “net zero” in a near future. They are responding to a growing demand for sustainable products and services. Companies have a variety of options for carbon emission reductions available to them, including internal reductions such as adopting renewable energy as well as buying carbon offsets. This raises the question of whether consumers perceive the different types of carbon emission reductions as equivalent, or whether they favor the implementation of internal measures. We investigate this issue empirically through surveys and incentive‐compatible discrete choice experiments. We find clear consumer preferences and willingness to pay for companies to reduce their carbon footprint when companies internally reduce their controllable emissions rather than buying carbon offsets for these emissions, and it is especially true for eco‐conscious consumers. Consumers place roughly the same value, however, on internal reductions in controllable emissions and buying offsets for the same amount of uncontrollable emissions.
HOS1 promotes plant tolerance to low‐energy stress via the SnRK1 protein kinase
Authors: Margalha Leonor , Elias Alexandre , Belda‐Palazón Borja , Peixoto Bruno , Confraria Ana , Baena‐González Elena
Published: April 2023

Plants need to integrate internal and environmental signals to mount adequate stress responses. The NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX (NPC) component HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) is emerging as such an integrator, affecting responses to cold, heat, light, and salinity. Stress conditions often converge in a low‐energy signal that activates SUCROSE NON‐FERMENTING 1‐RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) to promote stress tolerance and survival. Here, we explored the role of HOS1 in the SnRK1‐dependent response to low‐energy stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, using darkness as a treatment and a combination of genetic, biochemical, and phenotypic assays. We show that the induction of starvation genes and plant tolerance to prolonged darkness are defective in the hos1 mutant. HOS1 interacts physically with the SnRK1α1 catalytic subunit in yeast two‐hybrid assays and in planta, and the nuclear accumulation of SnRK1α1 is reduced in the hos1 mutant. Likewise, another NPC mutant, nup160, exhibits lower activation of starvation genes and decreased tolerance to prolonged darkness. Importantly, defects in low‐energy responses in the hos1 background are rescued by fusing SnRK1α1 to a potent nuclear localization signal or by sugar supplementation during the dark treatment. Altogether, this work demonstrates the importance of HOS1 for the nuclear accumulation of SnRK1α1, which is key for plant tolerance to low‐energy conditions.
Investigation of the Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Parts Additively Manufactured on Fabrics
Authors: Blais Maxwell , Tomlinson Scott , Khoda Bashir
Published: April 2023

This research first presents a method of peel testing developed by the researchers to characterize the strength of the interface between fabric and additively manufactured material. Experimentation is next presented that characterizes the interfacial strength relative to a set of parameters which include fabric fiber morphology, thickness of sizing applied to fabric, 3D printer bed temperature, and angle of additive manufacturing relative to the fabric warp direction. The interface strength within the parameter space presented was then searched and found to have a maximum of 5.18 N/mm using a novel set of parameters. This interface strength indicates the method of additive manufacturing direction on fabric may be suitable for use in a broader range of applications than previously proven feasible. Relatively rough, thick, and loose weave fabrics were found to promote interface strength compared to smoother, thinner, and finer woven fabrics. Relatively higher bed temperatures also promoted higher interface strength. Sizings on the fabric were found to promote interface strength with relatively smooth, thin, or fine fabrics which do not themselves promote high mechanical interlocking. Using these research findings, interface strength between fabric and additively manufactured material can be modified to suit the application.
An Improved Slicing Technique for Finite Line Contacts in the Modeling of Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: Yang Di , Wang Xi , Hou Yu
Published: April 2023

Mechanical system often involves the finite line contact of key components such as rolling element bearings and gear pairs. Different contact models have been developed to predict the load–displacement relationship and contact pressure distribution, but there usually exists a tradeoff between the accuracy of simulation results and computational cost. An improved slicing technique is presented in this work. According to the half-space theory, a tri-linear fitting model is developed to express the load–displacement relationship and coupling behavior in slices of contact region, which is originally controlled by a spatial convolution. The improved slicing technique is thus formulated based on the tri-linear model. A modified Newton–Raphson algorithm is adopted to solve the free boundary problem of the improved slicing technique. The improved slicing technique is validated to be able to correctly predict the load–displacement relationships and the contact pressure distributions of different contact profiles, especially for contact pressure concentrations which other slicing techniques are unable to predict accurately. The computation speed of the proposed method is much faster than the semi-analytical method and is of the same order of other slicing technique. The high accuracy and low computational cost enable the proposed method to be applied in the on-line calculation of rolling element bearings and other sophisticated mechanical systems.
Study on Lubricating Performance of the Bubbly Oil Under High Shear Rate—Part 1: Generation Method and Viscosity Measurement of the Bubbly Oil
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Li Shaohua , Lu Li , Zhang Chibin
Published: April 2023

Bubbly oil lubrication is a type of lubrication method that has a high potential for application. However, the lubricating performance of the bubbly oil has not been thoroughly considered. This paper aims to investigate the lubricating performance of the bubbly oil including the generation of the bubbly oil, viscosity characteristics of the bubbly oil, and the application study of the bubbly oil lubrication. Due to space limitation, the work is divided into two parts. Part 1 focuses on the generation method of the bubbly oil, observation of the bubbly oil, and the measurement of viscosity characteristics under a high shear rate. Part 2 focuses on the application study of the bubbly oil lubrication in high-speed bearing. A generation method for the bubbly oil was proposed by a combination of the dispersed-air method and the pressurized dissolution one. An experiment setup for generating the bubbly oil, an observation system for the bubbly oil, and a specially-designed viscometer for the bubbly oil were developed. The research results show that the generation method for the bubbly oil is of high efficiency and stability and the observation system is operational.
Small-Dataset Machine Learning for Wear Prediction of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Steel
Authors: Zhu Yi , Yuan Zijun , Khonsari Michael M. , Zhao Shuming , Yang Huayong
Published: April 2023

The wear performance of an additively manufactured part is crucial to ensure the component’s functionality and reliability. Nevertheless, wear prediction is arduous due to numerous influential factors in both the manufacturing procedure and contact conditions. Machine learning offers a facile path to predict mechanical properties if sufficient datasets are available, without which it is very challenging to attain a high prediction accuracy. In this work, high-accuracy wear prediction of 316L stainless steel parts fabricated using laser powder bed fusion and in situ surface modification is achieved based on only 54 sets of data using a combination of an improved machine learning algorithm and data augmentation. A new modification temperature ratio was introduced for data augmentation. Four common machine learning algorithms and sparrow search algorithm optimized back propagation neural network were conducted and compared. The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of all algorithms was improved after data augmentation, while the improved machine learning algorithm achieved the highest prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.978). Such an approach is applicable to predict other systematically complex properties of parts fabricated using other additive manufacturing technologies.