bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRACK DETECTION IN A ROTOR DYNAMIC SYSTEM BY VIBRATION MONITORING
Authors: H. Nabil H. , Z. Jawad K.
Published: March 2024

Vibration monitoring is one of the most important techniques which are used to detect the cracks or defects in rotating mechanical systems. To distinguish characteristics of the system response that may lead to the transverse crack in rotating shaft, local asymmetry crack model is used where crack simulated by increasing the flexibility of the shaft and transverse crack in the shaft is introduced.The obtained results showed a decreasing in the resonance shaft speed with increasing the crack depth ratio. The feature is used for diagnostics the crack in the shaft by using the graphed results between the natural frequency and shaft speed. The method of detecting was applied for several crack depth ratios (uncracked, %10, %20 and %30) in a clamped-free rotor. Also for investigating the effect of position of crack and effect of mass location, a crack and mass with different locations are introduced in the shaft. Although, the presence of a transverse shaft crack has also been shown to induce an unstable response for some shaft speeds and the behavior of the 2x harmonic component of the system response is effective target observation for a monitoring system.
A STUDY OF FREE VIBRATION AND FATIGUE FOR CROSS-PLY CLOSED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS USING GENERAL THIRD SHELL THEORY (GTT)
Authors: Jweeg Muhsen J. , Alazzawy Wedad I.
Published: March 2024

Free vibration solution will be developed for laminated simply supported closed cylindrical shells. This solution is obtained using General Third Shell Theory (G.T.T.). Also the critical in-plane fatigue load is studied and the required equilibrium equations are developed, the effects of tension or compression in-plane load on the natural frequencies are discussed also. The natural frequencies and in-plane fatigue load results are very close to those obtained by other researchers.
IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING MULTIWAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors: Younis Manal Fadel
Published: March 2024

This paper presents region growing image segmentation method which unifies region and boundary information. Several studies shown that segmentation based on image features can improve the accuracy of the interpretation. The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain visual characteristics.A problem that frequently arises when an image is segmented is that the number of feature variables or dimensionality is often quite large. It becomes necessary to decrease the number of the variables to manageable size. The other main difficulty of traditional image segmentation is the lack of adequate tools to characterize different scales of image effective. In this paper it proposed three dimension multiwavelet algorithm to overcome this difficulty and then the region growing method is applied to segment this image.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Authors: Hacheem Zuhair Abd , AL-Shimmari Israa Khudhair
Published: March 2024

Base isolation systems have become a significant element of a structural system to enhance reliability during an earthquake. One type of base isolation system is Friction Pendulum Bearing in which the superstructure is isolated from the foundation using specially designed concave surface and bearing to allow sway under its own natural period during the seismic events. This study presents the finite element analysis of Friction Pendulum System (FPS) of a multi-story building and without base isolation, subjected to two real different earthquakes (El Centro & Loma Prieta) by use engineering program (ETABS Nonlinear version 9.5). Comparing with the available experimental data, the application of the current model gives close prediction. It has been shown that as a result of isolation, base shear acting are reduced considerably.A parametric study dealing with the coefficient of friction μ (0.08,0.15 and 0.25) and radius of concave surface R (40 in, 80 in and 400 in) to study the base shear and the displacement of Friction Pendulum System. Overall the base isolated system showed a significant improvement in dynamic response of the model structure by reducing the base shear and increasing the damping of the system
SIMULATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE REMOVAL FROM A GAS STREAM IN A FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR
Authors: Abdulrasol Nibras M. , Kadhem Waleed M. S,
Published: March 2024

The object of this work is to model and simulate a fluidized bed desulfurization reactor by coupling a reactor kinetic model with a fluidized bed model based on two –phase theory(bubbling-bed model) proposed by Kunni and Levenspiel(1968).This model is useful for analysis of a reaction involving gas and solid. It generates the conversion data with respect to reaction time of both reacting gas and solids in a continuous flow(for both gas and solids) in fluidized bed. The flue gas or stack gas from a combustor which normally contains sulfur dioxide mixed with excess air is used as the fluidizing gas with calcium oxide as the fluidized solids . Calcium oxide is quite capable of reacting with 2 SO to effect its removal from the gas phase according to the exothermic reaction :s  CaO + g  SO2 + 2 1g  O2 s  CaSO4 + HeatThe effects of the solid feed rate, SO2 concentration in the flue gas, bed height, bed diameter, particle size, fluidizing velocity and operating temperature on the extent of conversion of both gas and solid were investigated, for a fixed feed rate of flue gas and SO2concentration (50.000 cm3/sec ,3-5% by volume)at temperature range of (950-1000oC)and pressure 1 atm.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF RESTRICTION SHAPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFLOW IN A SQUARE DUCT
Authors: Ismael Khalid A. H. , Fayed Ikhlase M. , Hadi Hanaa Abdul
Published: March 2024

Experimental and numerical investigation has been under taken to study turbulent flow of air through duct using restriction in different shapes and positions for Reynolds numbers ranges of (8.2x104 → 5.6x104).The numerical approach used in this work is the finite volume method for solution of elliptic partial differential equation for the modeling of turbulent (k-) model as well as wall function concept near the wall which was used to take the turbulent effects into consideration have been employed.The experimental test rigs were constructed from Perspex, and a fivehole pressure probe was used to measure the three component of air flow velocity vector in space.The results show that the total pressure drop depends on the shape and position of the restriction, and the pressure drop coefficient due to the restriction shape and position (kR) depends on two parameters; blockage area ratio (Ab) and the ratio between wetted perimeter to the free remainder perimeter (pe/Pe) and dose not depend on the Reynolds number ( for the same blockage area ratio Ab if the pe/Pe increases 40%, the coefficient kR increases 7% , and for the same pe/Pe, if the blockage area ratio increases 50% ,the coefficient kR increases 10%). But the pressure drop coefficient due to the friction (Cf) is a function of Reynolds.
VERIFICATION OF LAMINATE COMPOSITEPLATE SIMULATION UNDER COMBINED LOADINGS THERMALSTRESSES
Authors: AL-sahib Nabeel K. Abid , Jameel Adnan N. , Yousuf Louay S.
Published: March 2024

This study deals with thermal cyclic loading phenomena of plates which were fabricated from
 
composite materials (woven roving fiber glass + polyester) were exposed to (75 C°) temperature
 
gradient thermal shock for ten times in different stage of conditioning times due to the effect of thermal
 
fatigue using the method of Levy solution and compared these results with both results from
 
experimental published work and (ANSYS Ver. 9) program. A composite laminate plate with fiber
 
volume fraction (υf =25.076%) is selected in this study and applying the combined loadings like
 
bending moment (Mo), and in-plane force (Nxx) beside the effect of thermal fatigue. It involves multi
 
theoretical and finite element fields; but the theoretical one contains the derived equation of stresses
 
distribution and evaluating the normal deflection of a middle point for dynamic analysis applying
 
different boundary conditions for heating and cooling. The main present numerical results for a
 
composite plate with (80%) fiber volume fraction claim that the relative reduction in normal deflection
 
and dynamic load factor are (78.593%) and (9.421%) during cooling to (-15 respectively.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONOF STEAM FILM CONDENSATION ON A VERTICAL TUBE
Authors: Sarsam Wail S. , Ali Luma F.
Published: March 2024

Film condensation of steam on a vertical tube is investigated numerically and experimentally,
 
in the present work. A mathematical model was set based on the basic conservation laws of mass
 
and energy, Nusselts analysis of film condensation, and empirical equations available in the
 
literature. Then, a simulation program in FORTRAN language was developed which simulates the
 
film condensation of steam on a vertical tube. A complete steam tables subprogram was also
 
developed and incorporated with the main program. The experimental work was carried out using a
 
steam condensation test bench. The inlet and outlet cooling water temperatures, steam temperature
 
and pressure, tube surface temperature at center, and cooling water flow rate are recorded during
 
each experimental test run. The inlet cooling water temperature, steam temperature, and cooling
 
water flow rate are used as an input for the numerical program, then the program calculates tube
 
surface temperature distribution, cooling water temperature distribution, local heat transfer rate,
 
local condensation heat transfer coefficient, condensate boundary layer thickness distribution, total
 
heat transfer rate, and average condensation heat transfer coefficient. The effect of various
 
parameters on the condensation heat transfer coefficient, such as steam temperature, steam-surface
 
temperature difference, and the presence of non-condensable gas were investigated and reported
 
graphically. It was found that increasing (steam-surface) temperature difference while keeping the
 
steam temperature constant results in an increase in condensate boundary layer thickness, which in
 
turn causes a decrease in condensation heat transfer coefficient. On the other hand, increasing steam
 
temperature and keeping the (steam-surface) temperature difference constant leads to an increase in
 
condensation heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the presence of non-condensable gas with
 
different concentrations was also investigated and it was shown that it causes a noticeable reduction
 
in the average condensation heat transfer coefficient. An equation for calculating average
 
condensation heat transfer coefficient on a vertical tube was also developed. The experimental data
 
obtained from the test runs were compared with numerical results and showed good agreement.
 
Thus, it can be concluded that the present computational program is suitable for simulating steam
 
condensation on a vertical tube.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DECOLORIZATION OF DIRECT BLACK TEXTILE DYE WASTEWATER
Authors: Fadhil Baseem H. , Ghalib Atheer M.
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical decolorization of direct black textile dye was studied in the presence of sodiumhydroxide (NaCl). Electrochemical cell occupy about 1 liter of working electrolyte supplied with graphiteelectrodes for both anode and cathode was constructed for this purpose. Decolorization percent, treatment time, power consumption, and pH were studied as a function of the applied voltage and salt concentration. Results show that decolorization increase with increasing salt concentration and applied voltage. Best decolorization of 86% can be achieved after 17 min at 7 volt and 5 g/l salt concentration. Further decolorization can be achieved but this will be accompanied with a sharp increase in power consumption. No significant decrease in pH value was observed at the end of each experiment.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FAST THREE STAGES SLA BATTERY CHARGER FOR PLC SYSTEMS
Authors: Ata’a Anas W.
Published: March 2024

New fast sealed lead acid (SLA) battery chargers must be able to charge the fully dischargedbatteries in a short time. In the same time, the charger must monitor the battery state of health inorder to prevent over charge and to extend the battery life time.In this paper a Fast charger was presented to charge SLA batteries in short time and monitor thebattery voltage to prevent over charge. The design was implemented practically. And 150 charger ofsimilar type was produced for commercial use. They are now in service in different Mobile basestation sites around Baghdad. It can charge a fully discharged 12V, 4.5Ah battery in less than 5hours. To supply PLC control system on DC power to about 24 hour of continuous operation duringmain electricity faults.During one and half year of continuous operation three faults have been recorded in the 150chargers. All of the three cases were because of bad components manufacturing.
THE EFFECTIVE EMBEDDED LENGTH OF STEEL BARS IN SELF COMPACTED CONCRETE (SCC)
Authors: Izzat Amer F. , Salahaldin Ali I.
Published: March 2024

Eight reinforced concrete beams were tested in order to investigate the effectiveembedded length of the longitudinal reinforcement bar in self compacted concrete (SCC).All specimens were reinforced with a uni-reinforced bar, six of them embedded in selfcompacted concrete and the others embedded in normal concrete. The test was carried outon simply supported beams loaded at two points. At the end of the reinforcement bar slipwas measured, also under the loading point slip and the bar strain were measured. Theinvestigated variables in this study were: The bar diameter, and the available embedded length.To find out how these variables influence the embedded length in case of using self compacted concrete and comparing it with the normal concrete. The results show that, with increasing the bar diameter, bond stress slightly decreases, while with increasing the embedded length of the longitudinal bar the bond stress decreases and this improves the mode of the bond failure, especially for the specimenshaving small bar diameter.
Investigating Some Properties of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced LECA Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Al-Kabi Wafaa Hussein , Awad Hadeel Khalid
Published: March 2024

.
The primary goal of this investigation is to study the effect of using mono and hybrid fibers on the fresh and hardened characteristics of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete (LWSCC). Slump flow test, L-box test, sieve segregation test, and V-funnel test were used to evaluate the workability of LWSCC. The mechanical characteristics of LWSCC were assessed by using compressive strength, splitting strength, and flexural strength. Four mixtures using two types of fiber: Steel fiber (St) and polypropylene fiber (PP) (0% fiber, 1% (St), 0.75% (St) +0.25% (PP), 0.5% (St) +0.5% (PP)) were made. According to the results, (St) fiber and hybrid fiber addition to LWSCC reduced its workability, although the values of tests were still within the acceptable range stander of EFNARC. The findings indicated a decrease in the values of slump flow and L-box test by adding mono and hybrid fibers to the LWSCC mixture. While the T500mm and V_ funnel tests increased by adding mono and hybrid fibers to LWSCC mixture. The results also indicate that the utilisation of (St) fiber and hybrid fibers had a significant effect on the mechanical characteristics of LWSCC. Where the flexural and splitting strengths significantly increase with the addition of (St) and hybrid fibers to the LWSCC mix.
Follow-up protocol for patients with delayed skin reactions due to interventional cardiology procedures: follow-up of patients with skin reactions due to radiation
Authors: Barbosa Patrícia , Barbosa Adriano , Romanini Pedro , Denti Heiglon , Florian Marcos , Medeiros Regina
Published: March 2024

Interventional cardiology procedures can generate high doses of ionizing radiation and delayed skin reactions in patients undergoing complex procedures with a substantial radiation dose level. Since 2014, we have implemented, in the cath lab, the monitoring of patients undergoing procedures with a substantial radiation dose level, to identify these patients and provide patient care support. We present two case reports of such patients, who are undergoing dermatological treatment. The implemented protocol provided specialized treatment for the patients and awareness of radiation safety among health workers.
Ipolito Yrigoyen: the forerunner of non-alignment
Authors: Kazakov Vladimir
Published: March 2024

The article examines the activities of the President of Argentina Yrigoyen, who stood at the origins of the development of the ideology of non-alignment, shows the conformity of his foreign policy - neutrality during the First World War, plans to convene a congress of Latin American countries, the transformation of the League of Nations into a universal international organization based on freedom, equality and sovereignty of all countries of the world, the establishment of a new international economic order - to the goals and principles of the Non-Aligned Movement.
The historical evolution of China’s image constructed by “The New York Times”’ 40 years of China-related literature review
Authors: Zhang Dian
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the “New York Times” books column, researching its 40 years of China-related literature articles, understanding the spread of Chinese literature, and the image of China.
Some aspects of the Caucasian War: Shamil, Muridism, and the concept of the state
Authors: Jung Sejin , Hwang Sungwoo
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of the situation in the Caucasus in the middle of the 19th century. The authors pay special attention to the ideology of Muridism.
MYTH-BUSTING: WAS PULAU TIGA REALLY FIRST CREATED BY A MUD VOLCANO ERUPTION IN 1897?
Authors: Tingay Mark
Published: March 2024

No.
EarthObsNet: A Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset for Data-Driven Earth Observation Image Synthesis
Authors: Li Zhouyayan , Sermet Muhammed , Demir Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

Remote Sensing imagery serves as an important data source for Earth surface monitoring and surface processes studies. It is highly likely that RS imagery will become more and more indispensable in the future due to its high scalability and compatibility with data-driven models and ever-evolving software and hardware that become increasingly good at processing large datasets. Although its promising future, the usage of Earth surface observation imagery, such as Landsat, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1 images, has been largely limited to retrospective studies, where those images serve mainly as documentations of past events. Recently, there are attempts to expand the current usage of RS Earth surface observation images to forward-looking applications to support decision-making and fast response against future natural hazards. Unlike many well-defined and well-studied topics such as change detection and semantic segmentation for which many benchmark datasets are openly available, so far, there are limited public datasets for Earth surface observation image synthesis tasks for fast prototyping and comparison. To close this gap, we introduced a comprehensive dataset containing previous Earth surface observations, precipitation, soil moisture, land cover, Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND), DEM, and slope collected during the catastrophic 2019 Central US Flooding events that lasted more than two seasons in Mississippi and Missouri River tributaries. We also incorporated reference labels to allow further investigation of the usefulness of the synthesized images in downstream applications, such as flood inundation mapping. We hope to provide an essential dataset for Earth observation image synthesis studies, with the goal of attracting more attention and inspiring more efforts to broaden the usage of Earth surface observation images into forward-looking applications.
UCLA Loneliness Scale in Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Durga , Adhikari Keshab Prasad , Chalise Hom Nath
Published: March 2024

The intention of this examination was to present innovative empirical evidence regarding the adaptation of the UCLA Loneliness Scale to Nepal and investigate the validity and reliability of the scale for Nepalese young elderly. The participants in this study were 513 young senior citizens aged in the age range 60 and 74. Among the participants, 243 (47.4%) were male, 270 (52.6%) were female and the mean age was found to be 65.86 (SD = 4.203). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Maximum Likelihood Analysis were used to evaluate the UCLA loneliness scale. The factor analysis resulted in one factor, where factor loadings of the items varied between 0.561 and 0.784 measuring in SPSS 20. The LISREL 8.8 program showed the factor loadings through ordinal analysis in the range of 0.695 and 0.917, and accordingly calculated Average Variance Explained (AVE) was 0.72. The computation of Cronbach alpha level was 0.945 and composite reliability was 0.98 in the examination of internal consistency of the variables. Findings suggested that the UCLA loneliness scale was found appropriate for use among Nepalese young senior citizens.
An Exposure to Natural Background Radiation in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Arun Kumar , Limbu Sonu , Baral Narayan , Magar Manish , Limbu Arbin , Shrestha Ganesh Kumar , Shah Buddha Ram , Koirala Ram Prasad
Published: March 2024

Monitoring natural background radiation is important to locate the high background area. The objective of the work is to find the average background radiation in the Morang district and to observe the effects of cosmic radiation at high altitudes. In this study, background radiation was measured in 17 different municipalities of Morang with the help of a GM counter of model GMC-300E plus. The result showed that the annual effective dose of Morang was 0.24±0.02mSv/y and was below the recommended value of 1 mSv/y set by ICRP for public health. The radiation level was slightly higher in the hospital area. The frequency distribution indicates that there is a good fit of observed data with a known Gaussian distribution. The variation of background radiation with an altitude from 381 to 2550m showed an increasing trend. The best-fitted line depicted that background radiation increased by 16% with 1000m in altitude and it was slightly higher than the literature’s result of 10-12%. The comparative study of the present work showed that the effective dose was the least value in the Morang (0.24mSv/y) and the highest in the Pokhara Valley (0.81mSv/yr).
Awareness on Pesticide Exposure and Safety Practices at Himalaya Tea Estate Damak-4
Authors: Shrestha Niruta , Rai Esha
Published: March 2024

Pest control is one of the major problems in tea plantation and may exert harmful impact to the environment and health if unhealthy practice prevails. Himalaya Tea estate situated in Damak cover a huge area of about 500 hectors of land where agricultural activity is continuously performed over years. This study was done to examine awareness on safety practices and use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) while handling pesticides by the workers in the Himalaya tea estate. For this a structured closed ended questionnaire survey was conducted among 30 respondents who were randomly sampled and an unstructured open ended key informant survey was conducted among the parties concerned with the subject from administrative level. This was supported by field observation.

From the study it was found that among many Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques of pest control chemical method was being practiced in the study area. Similarly during the survey safety and awareness it was revealed that despite of the availability PPE, none were found using a full set of it. Similarly majority of field workers i.e. nearly 99% were found unaware about IPM, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), toxicity, banned pesticides, classes of pesticides etc. and had never taken any training related to the subject. During key informant survey it was revealed that the workers of administrative level had taken a few training programs. This highlights the gap in communication between them and suggests the need of awareness raising training programs regarding IPM and related topics among all level of workers.
Depression and anxiety among patients with cardiovascular disease in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Acharya Mukti , Nepal Rajesh , Karki Deepak
Published: March 2024

Background: Years of investigation have unveiled numerous connections between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and anxiety and depression, and there is even a suggestion that they could mutually contribute to each other. Recent research is starting to reveal a significant occurrence of behavioral risk factors among individuals with anxiety and depression, which could potentially lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of determining the occurrence of psychiatric coexisting conditions among individuals with cardiovascular diseases and identifying the behavioral risk factors among this group
Material and Methods: The study took place between May 17, 2022, and January 31, 2023, at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar. To achieve this, a semi-structured questionnaire, which included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) developed by the World Health Organization, was employed to screen for psychiatric symptoms in a sample of 200 individuals who were purposefully selected for the study.
Results: Out of the 200 patients examined, 160 (which accounts for 80%) were found to be positive on the SRQ screening, with the majority of them being males, totaling 65.62% (n=105). A significant portion of these patients fell within the age range of 19 to 39 years 50% (n=80).
The behavioral risk factors include smoking at 76.25%, alcohol abuse at 73.75%, physical inactivity at 60%, and obesity at 70%. The distribution of cardiac conditions in the sample included ischemic heart disease in 54.50% of cases, heart failure in 10.50%, cardiomyopathy in 9.00%, rheumatic heart disease in 11.00%, and post-cardiac intervention in 15.00%. Among those with cardiac diseases, 51.25% were experiencing symptoms of depression, 48.75% had anxiety disorders.
Conclusion: There was a notable prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Buddhist Cultural Heritage of Lo Manthang and Satellite Settlements, Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Umesh
Published: March 2024

This paper reads upper Mustang area from the cultural perspective. While doing so it excavates the history of the area and its people’s cultural practices for their identity. The ethnic community copes with adverse natural adversity and embedded with the land. Apparently historicity refers the past events happened on the people and places in the course of time. It mainly focuses on the actors who caused the events happen and the consequences of the actions either political or economical or social or cultural facets of the society. This paper primarily reads Mustang and her people how they lived, practised the culture and sustained their independent identity fighting with the fair and adverse weather. The world is under the influence of identity politics. People whether locals or immigrants are raising the voice for their sovereign identity that establishes the social and cultural recognition of the people. The language, culture, social mores, lodging style and food stuffs consumed by locals as well as clothing style set up the identity of the people. In Mustang area most of the people save the government personnel's have the same way of life and language which denotes the formation of ethnic community.
डोट्याली भाषाका कोटिकार शब्दहरूको अध्ययन {A study of Kotikar words in Dotali language}
Authors: भट्ट Bhatta नारायणी Narayani
Published: March 2024

डोट्याली भाषा सात नं प्रदेशमा बोलिने इन्डो– आर्यन पहाडी मातृभाषा हो । यस लेखमा डोट्याली भाषाका संज्ञाबोधक कोटिकारहरूको सङ्कलन, वर्गीकरण गरिएको छ । नेपाली भाषामा कोटिकारहरूको अध्ययन भए पनि डोट्याली भाषामा कोटिकारहरूको अध्ययन नभएकाले यस लेखमा स्थलगत कार्यविधि अवलम्बन गरी विभिन्न कोटिकारहरूको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । जस्तैः एक जान लोगन्या मान्सु, एक जनि पुतारी । यहाँ ‘जना’ र ‘जनी’ ले मानवीय लिङ्ग भेद छुट्टयाएको छ भने मानवेतर नाममा निको फुलो झड्यो । निकी फुली झडी । निको, निकी र झड्यो, झडी शब्दले विशेषणका साथै क्रियापदमा समेत लिङ्गभेद देखाएको छ । कोटिकार संख्यावाचक शब्द र नामका बीचमा आउने विशेष शब्द हो । सुदूरपश् चिमका नेपाली मातृभाषाहरू लिङ्गभेदमा धनी छन् । मानवीय नाममा लिङ्गभेद छुट्टयाउन जना, जनी प्रयोग भएझैँ मानवेतर नाम (स्तनधारी)मा दुध खान प्रयोग हुने पोथी जनाउन धिन्वा र बाँझो गाई भैँसीका लागि बइल्या कोटिकार प्रयोग गरिन्छ । गोलाकार वस्तुजनाउन दान÷दानो, गेडो÷गेडा, कन्दमूलहरू जनाउन गानो/गान/गाना, सेलो÷सेला, स–साना चिजवस्तुहरू जनाउन चिरो, चनउलो, दिउलो, ब्याँ, कपाट्टो, कपुनो, टुकडो, लाम्चो चिजवस्तु जनाउन कोसोर तरल पदार्थ जनाउन फिको, छिटो, थोपो, तोपो, सिर्को, तउडो, फिर्कोआदि कोटिकारहरू प्रयोग गरेर गणनीय बनाइन्छ । पिठो, मसलाजस्ता मसिना चिजवस्तु जनाउन फाँक स्याउलाहरू जनाउन सउलो, सेटो, उखुलाई आँखलो, सोल्टो, भुतो, नौनी, अचार, घिउजस्ता खानेकुरालाई डल्लो, खेट्टो, चुरोट, सलाई, अगरबत्ती, बिडीजस्ता वस्तुजनाउन खण्डोर सल्काएको चुरोट, बिडी जनाउन फुक, सर्को तथा नुन, मिस्री, गुड जनाउन ढिको, खोडो, कुन्जोजस्ता कोटिकारहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी डोट्याली भाषामा फरक–फरक चिजवस्तु जनाउन छेप्लो, चिरकिट्टो, धडो, चउडो, कुर्को, कुर्कुट्टो, चोइलो, तान÷ तानो,आँठो, मुठो, किरकिट्टो, किच्या, कित्या, कउल जस्ता थुप्रै कोटिकारहरूको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । यस लेखमा कोटिकारहरूलाई अध्ययनको विषय बनाई समग्रडोट्याली भाषाका कोटिकर शब्दहरूको संरक्षण एवम् सम्बर्द्धन हुनु आवश्यक छ भन्ने सोद्देश् यमूलक सार प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
PEMANFAATAN BUDIDAYA LELE DAN HIDROPONIK SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENCEGAH STUNTING DI DESA SELODAKON
Authors: Illahi Fahri Agustama Nur , Uyun Ulfatul , Wasana Arka Tri Labda , Camelia Atika Nora , Wahyuni Emelia Ayu , Istiqomah May , Effendi Moh Dion , Maulida Putri , Santosa Syifa Ulinnuha , Badzlin Safira , Wicaksana Muhammad Iqbal , Nungtias Ayu Setya , Cloudia Cindy Ade , Handayani Ririn , Handayani Ririn
Published: March 2024

Pengabdian Masyarakat dilakukan pada desa Selodakon yang bertepat pada kecamatan Tanggul, Kabupaten Jember. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi akar permasalahan stunting di Desa Selodakon dan mengusulkan solusi konkret yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting. Kegiatan yang dilakukan mencakup Budidaya Lele dan Hidroponik sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mencegah stunting. Kegiatan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini diawali dengan sosialisasi program kerja kepada masyarakat kemudian mengadakan demo dalam pembuatan media dan cara kerja dari budidaya lele dan hidroponik. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan penyerahan media kepada desa Selodakon.
Analysis of Tensile and Bending Strength of Coconut Fiber Reinforcement Composite on Quasi Isotropic Laminates Stacking Sequence
Authors: Aminur Aminur , Saputra Jaka Seru Dwi , Syah Citra Yurnidar
Published: March 2024

A composite is a material structure composed of two or more combinations of constituents combined macroscopically, where the two combinations do not dissolve each other. The first phase is called reinforcement, while the second phase is called matrix. This study aims to analysis the tensile and bending strength values of coconut fiber reinforced composites with a sequence of layers of quasi-isotropic fiber laminates. Experimental studies were carried out on polyester resin composites reinforced with coconut fiber in the fiber layer sequences of [0°/0°/0°], [+45°/0°/-45°] and [+60°/0°/-60°]. Tensile test specimen standards refer to ASTM D-3039 and bending test standards refer to ASTM D-7264. The results of the blistering test obtained a maximum stress of 18.3298 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [0°/0°/0°] and a minimum stress of 10.8966 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [+60°/0°/ -60°]. Meanwhile, the bending test results showed that the maximum bending stress was 76.065 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [0°/0°/0°] and the minimum stress was 30.256 N/mm2 in the fiber layer sequence [+45°/0°/-45 °].
Polar Science Awareness of Science Teachers
Authors: UYAR Fatma Kübra , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Orhan
Published: March 2024

One of the major obstacles to the continuation of life on Earth is the global climate change. The fact that our nation is experiencing a minor impact from the global climate change does not change the reality that there is no problem. It is well recognized that the polar areas are the most impacted by the global climate change, or that the triggering of the Polar Regions would have a significant influence on the whole planet. In this scenario, science teachers have a significant deal of responsibility for raising awareness of polar science subject among future generations. As a result, it is in our hands to mitigate the impacts of global climate change through increased student knowledge. The screening model was used in the study to show the knowledge and awareness levels of science teachers on polar sciences, who will supply this awareness. The “Polar Sciences Awareness Questionnaire-PSAQ” data collecting instrument, whose validity and reliability were calculated, was employed within the parameters of the study. PSAQ was created in Google Form style with web-based access. The data were collected voluntarily from 205 science teachers working in a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, which is the population of the study. The statistical package program SPSS 26 was used to analyze the data that had been collected. The research revealed that while science instructors were aware of the North Pole, South Pole and climate change, their awareness was not very high. It is because science instructors lack a specific education in polar sciences that they do receive explicitly. The report makes several recommendations, one of which is to include polar science learning outcomes and lessons in teacher and student education programs.
Reasoning Skills in Mathematics Teaching: A Meta-Synthesis on Studies Conducted in Turkey
Authors: TUM Ali
Published: March 2024

This research aims to analyze the results of studies conducted in Turkey on reasoning skills in mathematics teaching and to reveal what kind of trend there is in this field. Within the scope of this study, databases were searched with the keywords "reasoning"(muhakeme, akıl yürütme) and "reasoning skill" (Muhakeme becerisi, akıl yürütme becerisi), and the results were examined in accordance with the inclusion criteria regarding mathematics teaching. One hundred sixty-three studies were included. Each of the studies included in the meta-synthesis study was analyzed descriptively according to type, year, method, sample type and size, data collection tools, statistical analysis, learning field, keywords, reasoning type and purpose. In addition, the studies’ results were content analyzed and tabulated by coding the differences and similarities between them with a holistic approach. It has been determined that studies on the learning fields in the mathematics curriculum are mostly carried out in the field of learning numbers and operations in the secondary school mathematics curriculum. When evaluated in terms of reasoning types, almost half of the studies were conducted on mathematical reasoning. It has been observed that after mathematical reasoning, the most focus is on proportional reasoning. When the aims of the studies included in the research were examined, it was determined that the most focused ones were "examining the factors affecting reasoning skills", "measurement of reasoning skills" and "the effect of teaching practices on reasoning skills". In the studies examined, it was seen that there were 33 teaching practices whose effects on reasoning skills were examined.
Development of Virtual Field Trip-Based Learning Model as A Strengthening of Madrasah Student Digital Literacy
Authors: Khotimah Sita Husnul , Krisnawati Nofi Maria , Abusiri Abusiri , Mubin Fatkhul , Wardi Moh.
Published: March 2024

This article aims to determine how the development, feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of virtual field trip (VFT)-based learning models strengthen students’ digital literacy. The research was conducted in three Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) areas of South Jakarta, Bogor (West Java), and Kediri (East Java). The trial was conducted for students (sixth-grade students) in each school in one class. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research and development (R&D) methods, according to Borg & Gall. Research data on the application of the model were obtained through observation, tests, and questionnaires, while data analysis was carried out through average and percent scores. This development research obtained a model design from VFT-based learning steps. Based on the results of the trial revealed that (1) the model met the Feasible criteria shown by the assessment of experts and practitioners with an excellent category; (2) the model met the Effective criteria shown by the average results of strengthening digital literacy with an excellent category, and the average results of positive responses to the implementation of learning with Agree/Happy criteria, as well as the achievement of student learning outcomes from the three trial classes obtained a percentage increase above 5%; (3) the model met the Practical criteria shown by the implementation of learning through VFT and the teacher’s ability to manage the learning with an excellent category. The research results briefly state that the VFT-based learning model developed can reinforce students’ digital literacy.
CBRN Hazard Management in Malaysian Healthcare: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Practice
Authors: Vengidasamy Poobalan , Mohd Tamrin Shamsul Bahri , Alwi Bin Hj Mohamed , Rahman Abdul , a/l Harvendhar Singh Gurjeet Singh
Published: March 2024

The occurrence and intensity of both natural and human-made disasters are bound to increase, posing significant risks to humanity. In Malaysia’s healthcare setting, a variety of procedures and practices for managing safety, health, and emergency management are implemented to ensure the comfort and protection of hospital personnel, patients, and visitors. The presence of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) hazards pose a grave risk to the health and well-being of healthcare personnel in Malaysia. The aim of this review article is to draw attention to practical implications and provide a thorough summary of the literature on CBRN hazard management in Malaysian healthcare.
Treatment of an anterior cervicothoracic myelomeningocele together with spine deformity correction in a child: illustrative case
Authors: Jackson Hudin N , Laxpati Nealen , Bauer David F
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Anterior cervicothoracic myelomeningoceles are a rare pathology. In reported cases, treatment has included shunting, isolated resection and repair without deformity correction, or isolated deformity correction without meningocele repair. The authors describe a pediatric patient with an anterior cervicothoracic myelomeningocele presenting with progressive neurological decline, who underwent simultaneous treatment of the myelomeningocele to detether the spinal cord and achieve major correction of the scoliotic deformity.

OBSERVATIONS

A 15-year-old girl was born with C7-T1-T2 hemivertebrae and anterior cervical myelomeningocele at C7–T1. She developed progressive cervical thoracic scoliosis, left hemiparesis initially, and additional right hemiparesis eventually. She underwent surgical repair via C7, T1, and T2 corpectomies with intradural detethering of the spinal cord. The scoliosis was treated with C7–T2 Ponte osteotomies and C2–T5 posterior fixation, followed by anterior reconstruction with a titanium cage and anterior plate from C6 to T3. The myelomeningocele was adequately treated with good correction of the patient’s deformity. The patient had postoperative improvement in her strength and solid arthrodesis on postoperative imaging.

LESSONS

The authors describe the successful treatment of an anterior cervicothoracic myelomeningocele and associated scoliosis in a child. This is a unique report of a combined strategy to achieve both deformity correction and detethering of the spinal cord.
Bifocal germ cell tumor of pineal germinoma and neurohypophyseal embryonal carcinoma: illustrative case
Authors: Naruse Yu , Jinguji Shinya , Hiruta Ryo , Toda Ayako , Nagai Kenichiro , Kudo Shingo , Sano Hideki , Sekine Rei , Suzuki Osamu , Bakhit Mudathir , Fujii Masazumi
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Bifocal germ cell tumors, with primarily identical tissue composition, occur concurrently in the neurohypophyseal and pineal regions.

OBSERVATIONS

A 16-year-old male patient exhibited increased intracranial pressure symptoms, with concurrent tumors in the pineal and neurohypophyseal regions, causing obstructive hydrocephalus. His serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was elevated, measuring 506.6 mIU/mL. Upon gross endoscopic examination, the pineal tumor appeared white, whereas the neurohypophyseal tumor appeared red and hemorrhagic. Because of the limited sample size of the latter, a frozen section biopsy was feasible only for the pineal lesion, which indicated the presence of a germinoma. Subsequently, carboplatin and etoposide were administered, resulting in the reduction of the pineal tumor, but no effect was observed in the neurohypophyseal tumor. Histopathological analysis confirmed the pineal lesion as a germinoma, whereas the neurohypophyseal lesion was an embryonal carcinoma. Thus, the treatment was altered to ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE), leading to a response in both tumors. The patient underwent three additional cycles of ICE therapy and high-dose chemotherapy, followed by whole craniospinal irradiation, achieving complete remission.

LESSONS

Although most bifocal germ cell tumors share the same histological tissue, occasional differences may arise, necessitating separate biopsies for accurate assessment.
Acute large-vessel occlusion due to an infected thrombus formation induced by invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis: illustrative case
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiyasu , Akamatsu Yosuke , Yoshida Koji , Ogasawara Yasushi , Misaki Toshinari , Sasou Shunichi , Konno Hiromu , Ogasawara Kuniaki
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The authors describe a rare case of acute large-vessel occlusion due to an infected thrombus formation that was induced by invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis.

OBSERVATIONS

An 82-year-old man with a history of immunoglobulin G4–related disease and long-term use of steroids and immunosuppressants was admitted to the authors’ hospital with severe right hemiparesis. Cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). He underwent thrombectomy, resulting in successful recanalization. However, severe stenosis was evident in the left ICA cavernous segment. Pathological analysis of the retrieved thrombus identified Aspergillus. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed sinusitis in the left sphenoid sinus as a possible source of the infection. The patient’s general condition deteriorated during the course of hospitalization due to refractory aspiration pneumonia, and he died 46 days after thrombectomy. Pathological autopsy and histopathological investigation of the left ICA and the left sphenoid sinus showed that Aspergillus had invaded the wall of the left ICA from the adjacent sphenoid sinus. These findings indicate a diagnosis of acute large-vessel occlusion due to infected thrombus formation induced by invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis.

LESSONS

Pathological analysis of a retrieved thrombus appears useful for identifying rare stroke etiologies such as fungal infection.
OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDEKİ ÇOCUKLARDA DAVRANIŞ DÜZENLEME: ARKA PLAN TÜRK MÜZİĞİNİN ETKİSİ
Authors: Cömert Semanur
Published: March 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, arka plan Türk müziğinin okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların sosyal becerileri ve davranış problemleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada, nicel araştırma modellerinden “Ön Test-Son Test, Kalıcılık Testli ve Kontrol Gruplu Yarı Deneysel Desen” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, Tokat il merkezinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı ilkokulların anasınıflarına devam eden 48-72 aylık deney grubunda 8 kontrol grubunda 13 olmak üzere toplam 21 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak “Anaokulu ve Anasınıfı Davranış Ölçeği (Preschool and Kindergarden Behaviour Scala (PKBS–2)” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, “Sosyal Beceri Ölçeği” ve “Problem Davranış Ölçeği” olmak üzere iki bağımsız alt ölçekten oluşmaktadır. Deney grubunda, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı müfredatı uygulanırken ek olarak arka planda çocuklara Türk müziği eserleri dinletilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise sadece Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı müfredatını uygulanmış olup müzik kullanılmamıştır. Deney grubuna dört hafta süreyle haftada beş gün, etkinlik geçişlerine uygun olarak günlük ortalama 30 dk arka planda Türk müziği dinletilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda deney ve kontrol grubunun son testleri arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Araştırma okul öncesi eğitim ortamlarında, eğitim etkinlikleri sırasında arka planda dinletilen Türk müziğinin çocukların sosyal beceri düzeylerine ve davranış problemlerine anlamlı katkı sunmasını ortaya koyan ilk çalışma olarak alan yazına katkı sunmuştur.